bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deroofing: A Practical Guide for the Dermatologist
Authors: Dzuali Fiatsogbe , Yaghi Marita , Saylor Drew K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by significant structural changes such as nodules, abscesses, and subcutaneous tunnels, often accompanied by drainage and pain. Medical treatment alone usually does not suffice for optimal disease control. Therefore, surgical interventions, particularly for moderate-to-severe cases with tunnel formation, are a crucial adjunct to medical therapy. This paper aims to outline a practical approach to deroofing in hidradenitis suppurativa, covering the necessary materials, surgical approach, wound care, common complications, and frequent patient questions.

Recent Findings
Classically, wide excision of the entire anatomical area affected by hidradenitis suppurativa is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. As a tissue-sparing alternative, deroofing—excision of tunnels—can be performed in-office under local anesthesia. This method allows for targeted application to either single lesions or entire anatomic regions, preserving the base of the cavity. Post-surgical wounds are typically left to heal by secondary intention.

Summary
Deroofing is a safe, in-office procedure for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa, with minimal rates of post-surgical complications. It is generally well-tolerated and associated with high patient satisfaction. When combined with proper medical treatment, deroofing can help patients achieve local disease control. Optimizing post-operative wound care is paramount to facilitate patient recovery.
Organizational integration of highly skilled migrants? Social worlds as multiple cultures dismantling conventional framings
Authors: Grosskopf Sina , Barmeyer Christoph , Landes Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the integration of highly skilled migrants into organizations. Whereas prior research has mainly focused on macro-economic and macro-political analysis, little is known about the dynamic process of organizational level integration. Applying Strauss’ theory of social worlds and the concept of multiple cultures, we dismantle the boundaries of an organization describing the integration processes of migrants from the perspective of different social worlds that intersect an organization. We use social worlds which form around a core activity or context of action to describe different levels of cultures within an organization. Via multifaceted identification with these multiple cultures, we suggest that person–organization interaction and mutual intercultural learning processes with colleagues result in organizations conveying values, norms, behavior, language and social contacts that prove valuable and integrative, especially to newcomers. Based on three qualitative case studies in German SMEs, migrants’ experiences during the integration process show the central role organizations play inhibiting previously overlooked multi-cultural social worlds which lead not only to their organizational integration, but to societal integration as well. Organizations thus contribute to different forms of integration. Consequently, this paper extends traditional integration perspectives at the national or transnational level of analysis by differentiating into multiple cultures that provide integrative knowledge both internally and beyond the organization. In particular, interaction with colleagues as socialization agents leads to integration. Theory and practice should draw conclusions from this to consider integration as a multilayered opportunity.
Multi-objective Snow Ablation Optimization Algorithm: An Elementary Vision for Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow Problem Incorporating Wind Energy Source with FACTS Devices
Authors: Pandya Sundaram B. , Kalita Kanak , Čep Robert , Jangir Pradeep , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Abualigah Laith 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the exploration of a novel Multi-objective Snow Ablation Optimizer (MOSAO) algorithm, tailored for addressing expansive Optimal Power Flow (OPF) challenges inherent in intricate power systems. These systems are often complemented with the integration of renewable energy modalities and the state-of-the-art Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). Building upon the foundational framework of a previously documented single-objective Snow Ablation Optimizer, we have evolved it into the MOSAO paradigm. This transformation is achieved by harnessing the potency of non-dominated sorting coupled with the crowding distance strategy. The task of OPF magnifies in complexity when integrating renewable energy resources due to their inherent unpredictability and intermittent nature. As the modern power landscape evolves, FACTS devices are witnessing an increasing deployment to mitigate network demand and alleviate congestion issues. Within the ambit of this research, we've incorporated a stochastic wind energy source, working synergistically with an array of FACTS instruments. These encompass the static VAR compensator, thyristor-controlled series compensator and thyristor-driven phase shifter, all operating within the confines of an IEEE-30 bus framework. Strategic placement and calibration of these FACTS devices aim to optimize the system by minimizing the cumulative fuel expenditure. The capricious essence of wind as an energy source is elegantly depicted through the lens of Weibull probability density graphs. To distil the optimal middle-ground solutions, we've employed a fuzzy decision-making matrix. When benchmarking our findings against those derived from other esteemed optimization algorithms, we observe a notable distinction. The results from the modified IEEE-30 bus system accentuate the superior convergence, diversity and distribution attributes of MOSAO, especially when scrutinizing power flows. The MOSAO source code is available at: https://github.com/kanak02/MOSAO.
Deferring to Expertise whilst Maintaining Autonomy
Authors: Brown Rebecca C. H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper will consider the extent to which patients' dependence on clinical expertise when making medical decisions threatens patient autonomy. I start by discussing whether or not dependence on experts isprima facietroubling for autonomy and suggest that it is not. I then go on to consider doctors' and other healthcare professionals' status as ‘medical experts’ of the relevant sort and highlight a number of ways in which their expertise is likely to be deficient. I then consider how this revised picture of medical expertise should lead us to view the potential threat to patient autonomy that results from depending on such ‘experts’. I argue that, whether or not patients are aware of the limitations of medical expertise, in practice it is difficult to do other than defer to medical advice, and this presents a threat to patient autonomy that should be addressed. I conclude by suggesting some ways in which this threat to autonomy might be mitigated.
Invariant sets and nilpotency of endomorphisms of algebraic sofic shifts
Authors: CECCHERINI-SILBERSTEIN TULLIO , COORNAERT MICHEL , PHUNG XUAN KIEN 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLet G be a group and let V be an algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field K. Let A denote the set of K-points of V. We introduce algebraic sofic subshifts
${\Sigma \subset A^G}$
and study endomorphisms
$\tau \colon \Sigma \to \Sigma $
. We generalize several results for dynamical invariant sets and nilpotency of
$\tau $
that are well known for finite alphabet cellular automata. Under mild assumptions, we prove that
$\tau $
is nilpotent if and only if its limit set, that is, the intersection of the images of its iterates, is a singleton. If moreover G is infinite, finitely generated and
$\Sigma $
is topologically mixing, we show that
$\tau $
is nilpotent if and only if its limit set consists of periodic configurations and has a finite set of alphabet values.
Functions and Populations: Sharpening the Generalized Selected Effects Theory of Function
Authors: Garson Justin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe generalized selected effects theory of function (GSE) holds that a trait’s proper function is an activity that historically caused its differential persistence or differential reproduction within a population, construed as a collection of individuals that impact each other’s persistence or reproduction chances. Several critics have taken aim at GSE on the grounds that its appeal to populations is either unfit for purpose or arbitrary. Here I revise GSE by articulating a notion of population that is fit for purpose and showing that its selection is not arbitrary but flows from the realist commitments of the selected effects theory.
Current perspectives and challenges in the estimation of fruit juice consumption across the lifecycle in Europe
Authors: Walton Janette , Kehoe Laura 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fruit juice (FJ) is typically low in energy, contains natural sugars, important amounts of micronutrients and is not permitted to have added sugars/sweeteners. However, its role in a healthy diet is under scrutiny partly due to the wider adoption of the definition for free sugars in nutrition policy. This review aimed to identify data on FJ consumption from national food consumption surveys across Europe, to examine current intakes, percent consumers and its contribution to intakes of energy, total sugars, free sugars, vitamin C, folate and potassium. Data were extracted on the population mean intake of FJ and its contribution to nutrient intakes across the lifecycle and crude estimates of population mean intakes across countries were reported for the total population and for consumers only. This review highlighted significant gaps/challenges regarding the availability of country-specific national food consumption surveys across Europe and specifically data on FJ consumption (including complexities surrounding categorisations). Nonetheless, using a comparable/homogenous definition, the mean intake of FJ among consumers was approximately 1 × 150 ml glass/day for adults/older adults, with lower intakes among infants (86 g/d), children (108 g/d) and teenagers (112 g/d). FJ made important contributions to intakes of vitamin C while making little contribution to energy intakes but also contributed 2–14 % of free sugars intake (which may be considered modest compared to other sources). The complexity of collating and interpreting data on FJ intake as elucidated in this review raises questions surrounding the categorisation of FJ in research and presents significant challenges for policymakers with respect to dietary guidance for FJ.
Nation-Wide Variation in Presence of Legislation or Protocols for EMS Care of Operational Canines
Authors: Schoenfeld David W. , Thomas Caroline E. , Palmer Lee , Justice William , Hwang Esther , Zimmerman Kate D. , Goodloe Jeffrey M. , Shecter Jonathan D. , Thomas Stephen H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground & Aims:Deployment of law enforcement operational canines (OpK9s) risks injuries to the animals. This study’s aim was to assess the current status of states’ OpK9 (veterinary Emergency Medical Services [VEMS]) laws and care protocols within the United States.Methods:Cross-sectional standardized review of state laws/regulations and OpK9 VEMS treatment protocols was undertaken. For each state and for the District of Columbia (DC), the presence of OpK9 legislation and/or care protocols was ascertained. Information was obtained through governmental records and from stakeholders (eg, state EMS medical directors and state veterinary boards).The main endpoints were proportions of states with OpK9 laws and/or treatment protocols. Proportions are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fisher’s exact test (P <.05) assessed whether presence of an OpK9 law in a given jurisdiction was associated with presence of an OpK9 care protocol, and whether there was geographic variation (based on United States Census Bureau regions) in presence of OpK9 laws or protocols.Results:Of 51 jurisdictions, 20 (39.2%) had OpK9 legislation and 23 (45.1%) had state-wide protocols for EMS treatment of OpK9s. There was no association (P = .991) between presence of legislation and presence of protocols. There was no association (P = .144) between presence of legislation and region: Northeast 66.7% (95% CI, 29.9-92.5%), Midwest 50.0% (95% CI, 21.1-78.9%), South 29.4% (95% CI, 10.3-56.0%), and West 23.1% (95% CI, 5.0-53.8%). There was significant (P = .001) regional variation in presence of state-wide OpK9 treatment protocols: Northeast 100.0% (95% CI, 66.4-100.0%), Midwest 16.7% (95% CI, 2.1-48.4%), South 47.1% (95% CI, 23.0-72.2%), and West 30.8% (95% CI, 9.1-61.4%).Conclusion:There is substantial disparity with regard to presence of OpK9 legal and/or clinical guidance. National collaborative guidelines development is advisable to optimize and standardize care of OpK9s. Additional attention should be paid to educational and training programs to best utilize the limited available training budgets.
Extended correlation functions for spatial analysis of multiplex imaging data
Authors: Bull Joshua A. , Mulholland Eoghan J. , Leedham Simon J. , Byrne Helen M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImaging platforms for generating highly multiplexed histological images are being continually developed and improved. Significant improvements have also been made in the accuracy of methods for automated cell segmentation and classification. However, less attention has focused on the quantification and analysis of the resulting point clouds, which describe the spatial coordinates of individual cells. We focus here on a particular spatial statistical method, the cross-pair correlation function (cross-PCF), which can identify positive and negative spatial correlation between cells across a range of length scales. However, limitations of the cross-PCF hinder its widespread application to multiplexed histology. For example, it can only consider relations between pairs of cells, and cells must be classified using discrete categorical labels (rather than labeling continuous labels such as stain intensity). In this paper, we present three extensions to the cross-PCF which address these limitations and permit more detailed analysis of multiplex images: topographical correlation maps can visualize local clustering and exclusion between cells; neighbourhood correlation functions can identify colocalization of two or more cell types; and weighted-PCFs describe spatial correlation between points with continuous (rather than discrete) labels. We apply the extended PCFs to synthetic and biological datasets in order to demonstrate the insight that they can generate.
Mariachi Musicians and Collective Grief during the COVID Pandemic in Southern California
Authors: VALLEJO JESSIE M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring winter 2020–2021, Los Angeles County suffered a brutal third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Latinxs, who account for 49 percent of the local population, were disproportionately devastated by high numbers of COVID-19-positive cases and alarming increases in mortality rates. Despite the popular perception that all musicians were silenced during the pandemic, I draw from my personal experience as a mariachi and those of my musical colleagues to document the impact of systemic marginalisation on the lives of mariachi musicians and how we responded to the pandemic by supporting each other and our community through performances.
Identification of Neighborhood Hotspots via the Cumulative Hazard Index: Results From a Community‐Partnered Low‐Cost Sensor Deployment
Authors: Jain Sakshi , Gardner‐Frolick Rivkah , Martinussen Nika , Jackson Dan , Giang Amanda , Zimmerman Naomi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Strathcona neighborhood in Vancouver is particularly vulnerable to environmental injustice due to its close proximity to the Port of Vancouver, and a high proportion of Indigenous and low‐income households. Furthermore, local sources of air pollutants (e.g., roadways) can contribute to small‐scale variations within communities. The aim of this study was to assess hyperlocal air quality patterns (intra‐neighborhood variability) and compare them to average Vancouver concentrations (inter‐neighborhood variability) to identify possible disparities in air pollution exposure for the Strathcona community. Between April and August 2022, 11 low‐cost sensors (LCS) were deployed within the neighborhood to measure PM2.5, NO2, and O3 concentrations. The collected 15‐min concentrations were down‐averaged to daily concentrations and compared to greater Vancouver region concentrations to quantify the exposures faced by the community relative to the rest of the region. Concentrations were also estimated at every 25 m grid within the neighborhood to quantify the distribution of air pollution within the community. Using population information from census data, cumulative hazard indices (CHIs) were computed for every dissemination block. We found that although PM2.5 concentrations in the neighborhood were lower than regional Vancouver averages, daily NO2 concentrations and summer O3 concentrations were consistently higher. Additionally, although CHIs varied daily, we found that CHIs were consistently higher in areas with high commercial activity. As such, estimating CHI for dissemination blocks was useful in identifying hotspots and potential areas of concern within the neighborhood. This information can collectively assist the community in their advocacy efforts.
Neglect of Potential Seasonal Streamflow Forecasting Skill in the United States National Water Model
Authors: Crow Wade T. , Koster Randal D. , Reichle Rolf H. , Chen Fan , Liu Qing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing data from the NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive mission, Koster et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467‐023‐39318‐3) conclude that, for medium‐scale basins in the contiguous United States, a quarter of interannual variability in springtime streamflow is explained by interannual anomalies in late‐fall soil moisture. This lagged relationship can be leveraged for seasonal hydrologic forecasting, but only if effectively captured by existing prediction models. Here, we extend the analysis in Koster et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467‐023‐39318‐3) to diagnose systematic errors present in the United States National Water Model (NWM). Results demonstrate that the NWM tends to underestimate both the trans‐winter temporal memory of 0–1 m soil moisture as well as the correlation between 0 and 1 m soil moisture and streamflow—thereby reducing the NWM's ability to leverage vertically averaged soil moisture as a source of hydrologic predictability.
Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer for translational efficacy evaluation and combination assessment across therapeutic modalities
Authors: Zhou Ya-ting , Chu Jia-hui , Zhao Shu-han , Li Ge-li , Fu Zi-yi , Zhang Su-jie , Gao Xue-hu , Ma Wen , Shen Kai , Gao Yuan , Li Wei , Yin Yong-mei , Zhao Chen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is highly aggressive and a major threat to human health. Despite the significant improvement in patients’ prognosis given the drug development efforts during the past several decades, many clinical questions still remain to be addressed such as efficacy when combining different therapeutic modalities, best treatment sequences, interindividual variability as well as resistance and potential coping strategies. To better answer these questions, we developed a mechanistic quantitative systems pharmacology model of the pathophysiology of HER2+mBC that was extensively calibrated and validated against multiscale data to quantitatively predict and characterize the signal transduction and preclinical tumor growth kinetics under different therapeutic interventions. Focusing on the second-line treatment for HER2+mBC, e.g., antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), small molecule inhibitors/TKI and chemotherapy, the model accurately predicted the efficacy of various drug combinations and dosing regimens at the in vitro and in vivo levels. Sensitivity analyses and subsequent heterogeneous phenotype simulations revealed important insights into the design of new drug combinations to effectively overcome various resistance scenarios in HER2+mBC treatments. In addition, the model predicted a better efficacy of the new TKI plus ADC combination which can potentially reduce drug dosage and toxicity, while it also shed light on the optimal treatment ordering of ADC versus TKI plus capecitabine regimens, and these findings were validated by new in vivo experiments. Our model is the first that mechanistically integrates multiple key drug modalities in HER2+mBC research and it can serve as a high-throughput computational platform to guide future model-informed drug development and clinical translation.
Ruxolitinib in patients with graft versus host disease (GvHD): findings from a compassionate use program
Authors: Pattipaka Thirupathi , Sarp Séverine , Nakhaei Peyman , Güneş Sibel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ruxolitinib compassionate use (CU) program offered ruxolitinib to patients ≥2 years of age with confirmed steroid-resistant acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD and cGvHD, respectively). Data from 1180 patients (n = 775, 370 and 35 with cGvHD, aGvHD, and non-specified GvHD, respectively) were analyzed. Most patients had severe cGvHD (56%) or stage III/IV aGvHD (70%) disease and had previously received corticosteroids ( > 80%); ruxolitinib was requested primarily as a second-/third-line option. Patients <12 and ≥12 years old most often received the recommended ruxolitinib doses (5 mg twice daily [BID] and 10 mg BID, respectively); however, 23% and 30% of ≥12 year olds with cGvHD and aGvHD, respectively, received the lower dose of 5 mg BID. Notably, corticosteroid usage decreased with ruxolitinib treatment; at the initial ruxolitinib request, 81% and 91% of patients with cGvHD and aGvHD, respectively, were receiving corticosteroids whereas at resupply, 62% and 64%, respectively, were receiving corticosteroids. Eighty two percent of evaluable patients with cGvHD had a complete or partial response to treatment and 56% of evaluable patients with aGvHD had a best response of grade 0/I. These findings demonstrate the rapid and positive effects of ruxolitinib in patients with GvHD in a real-world setting.
Compact zinc finger architecture utilizing toxin-derived cytidine deaminases for highly efficient base editing in human cells
Authors: Fauser Friedrich , Kadam Bhakti N. , Arangundy-Franklin Sebastian , Davis Jessica E. , Vaidya Vishvesha , Schmidt Nicola J. , Lew Garrett , Xia Danny F. , Mureli Rakshaa , Ng Colman , Zhou Yuanyue , Scarlott Nicholas A. , Eshleman Jason , Bendaña Yuri R. , Shivak David A. , Reik Andreas , Li Patrick , Davis Gregory D. , Miller Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNucleobase editors represent an emerging technology that enables precise single-base edits to the genomes of eukaryotic cells. Most nucleobase editors use deaminase domains that act upon single-stranded DNA and require RNA-guided proteins such as Cas9 to unwind the DNA prior to editing. However, the most recent class of base editors utilizes a deaminase domain, DddAtox, that can act upon double-stranded DNA. Here, we target DddAtox fragments and a FokI-based nickase to the human CIITA gene by fusing these domains to arrays of engineered zinc fingers (ZFs). We also identify a broad variety of Toxin-Derived Deaminases (TDDs) orthologous to DddAtox that allow us to fine-tune properties such as targeting density and specificity. TDD-derived ZF base editors enable up to 73% base editing in T cells with good cell viability and favorable specificity.