bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIURNAL CHANGES IN MATERNAL PLASMA OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL AT 30 TO 31, 34 TO 35 AND 38 TO 39 WEEKS GESTATIONAL AGE
Authors: Challis J. R. G. , Patrick J. E. , Campbell Karen , Natale R. , Richardson B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDiurnal changes in the concentrations of oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) in maternal peripheral plasma have been measured in samples of blood taken at one hour intervals from women at 30 to 31, 34 to 35 and 38 to 39 weeks of pregnancy. There was a significant effect of time of sampling on the plasma concentration of E1 at all stages of gestation, and circadian changes in the levels of E1 were apparent at 34 to 35 and 38 to 39 weeks. Peak values were measured around 0830 to 0930 hours, and troughs occurred between 0130 and 0530 hours. Significant effects of time of sampling on the plasma concentration of E2 were found at 34 to 35 and 38 to 39 weeks of pregnancy; night‐time concentrations were lower than the peak values at 0730 to 0830 hours. The relation of these changes to the circadian rhythms in the concentrations of cortisol and oestriol in maternal plasma are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF CHLOROQUINE ON STRIPS OF PREGNANT HUMAN MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Okonkwo P. O. , Chukwudebelu W. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe investigated the effect of chloroquine on the activity of strips of myometrium obtained at lower segment Caesarean sections from 150 patients. At concentrations below 1 × 10‐4M, chloroquine did not affect the frequency, tonus or amplitude of contraction. At higher concentrations, it more than doubled the frequency of contractions in muscle strips showing spontaneous activity. In quiescent strips requiring stimulation by oxytocin, chloroquine had a generally depressant effect which could be overcome by higher doses of oxytocin. We suggest that chloroquine does not cause premature labour or abortions.
THE EFFECT OF REST AND AMBULATION ON PLASMA UREA AND URATE LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PROTEINURIC HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mathews D. D , Agarwal Vasantika , Shuttleworth T. P 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma urea and urate concentrations were determined daily for up to seven days in 40 pregnant women who had been admitted to hospital because of proteinuric hypertension and who were then allocated at random to either complete rest in bed or to being allowed to move freely in the ward. Neither management was superior to the other in improving renal function. The prognostic significance of plasma urea and urate concentrations to maternal and fetal outcome was confirmed.
RAISED MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES
Authors: Smith M. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a retrospective study of low birth weight babies (less than 2.5 kg) born in one year it was found that statistically more maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels were above twice the median level than a control group of mothers producing larger babies (more than 3 kg). However, from the results the test cannot be accepted as being a prospective indicator or as a screening test of low birth weight in pregnant women.
THE PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOME OF INDUCED ABORTION
Authors: Ashton J. R 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe psycho‐social outcome of induced abortion was assessed in 64 women after eight weeks and in 86 women after eight months. Three groups were identified. About 5 per cent had enduring, severe psychiatric disturbance following abortion. Women especially at risk were those with a previous psychiatric or abnormal obstetric history or with physical grounds for abortion and those expressing ambivalence towards abortion. Short‐lived disturbances affected about half of all abortion patients. These symptoms included initial guilt and regrets and sensitivity to the comments of people around them which relate to abortion. The third group of women experienced no adverse sequelae. It is suggested that an awareness of the risk factors should lead to the instigation of more adequate counselling and support for those women who need it.
CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY—CORRELATION OF ULTRASOUND WITH SECOND LOOK LAPAROTOMY
Authors: Pussell S. J. , Cosgrove D. O. , Hlnton J. , Wiltshaw E. , Barker G. H 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a series of twenty‐six patients with Stage III or IV carcinoma of the ovary, results of ultrasound examination of the pelvis and abdomen were correlated with second look laparotomy. All of these patients had responded clinically to a course of chemotherapy. Elective surgery was used to restage and debulk tumour. Ultrasound examination was done before surgery. Ultrasound was sensitive in detecting ovarian tumour in the pelvis and had an 84 per cent correlation with laparotomy. It was also sensitive in detecting liver and right diaphragmatic metastases with a 92 per cent correlation with the laparotomy findings. However, it consistently failed to detect intraperitoneal spread except when disease was gross or when it could be predicted by the presence of ascites. The correlation with laparotomy in this situation was only 36 per cent. This is to be expected as the size of most peritoneal deposits is below the resolution of ultrasound. These lesions, however, are easily detected by laparoscopy. These findings suggest that ultrasound has an important role in the management of advanced carcinoma of the ovary.
THE ROLE OF PERIURETHRAL COLONIZATION IN THE AETIOLOGY OF RECURRENT URINARY INFECTION IN WOMEN
Authors: Cooper J. , Brumfitt W. , Hamilton‐Miller J. M. T. , Reynolds A. V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPeriurethral bacterial colonization was studied in two groups of women by taking samples with a polystyrene sponge. Just over half (56 per cent) of 81 sexually‐active women attending a family planning clinic were not colonized in the periurethral area; subjects who were colonized usually showed large numbers of a single bacterial species. On the other hand, all 38 patients who were attending a clinic because of recurrent urinary infections were colonized in the periurethral area; most of these yielded a heavy growth, and more than one bacterial species was usually isolated. Gram‐positive cocci predominated as the colonizing flora in both groups, a finding which is in marked contrast to the predominant aetiological agents in urinary infections, namely Gram‐negative bacilli. We therefore conclude that colonization of the periurethral area is not the decisive event in the initiation of a urinary infection.
TWO PREGNANCIES IN A WOMAN WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME TREATED WITH CYPROHEPTADINE
Authors: Kasperlik‐Zaluska A. , Migdalska B. , Hartwig W. , Wilczyska J. , Marianowski L. , Stopiska‐Gluszak U. , Loziska D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA young woman with Cushing's syndrome who had had amenorrhoea for six years was treated with cyproheptadine and became pregnant five months later. Treatment with cyproheptadine was continued till six weeks after delivery by which time all the features of Cushing's syndrome had disappeared. The baby developed normally but died of gastroenteritis when four months old. Two years later the patient became pregnant again without further treatment. Pregnancy and labour were uncomplicated and mother and son did well. A full remission of Cushing's syndrome was confirmed two months after delivery.
NOMOGRAMS FOR PRECISE DETERMINATION OF BIRTH WEIGHT FOR DATES
Authors: Altman D. G. , Coles E. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe have derived a mathematical model (Altman and Coles, 1980) that matches closely the birth weight standards derived from the large Aberdeen survey (Thomson et al, 1968). From this, we have drawn nomograms that can be used to assess an infant's position in relation to these standards. The nomograms are easy to use and give adequate precision.
PROPRANOLOL AND HYDRALLAZINE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Bott‐Kanner G. , Schweitzer A. , Reisner S. H , Joel‐Cohen S. J , Rosenfeld J. B 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA combination of propranolol and hydrallazine was administered to 13 patients with longstanding hypertension during 15 pregnancies. Hydrallazine was continued through labour and delivery in all patients, while in eight patients propranolol was discontinued 2 to 15 days before delivery. Blood pressure control was uniformly good and superimposed pre‐eclampsia did not occur during combined therapy. There were 14 livebirths and one unexplained stillbirth. Except for two cases of mild hypoglycemia, there were no neonatal complications.
PLASMA PROSTAGLANDIN F LEVELS AND MALIGNANT TUMOURS OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: Sanders R. R. , Lee W. H. , Koh L. , Brennecke A. , Jones W. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma prostaglandin F (PGF) was measured by a radioimmunoassay method in 24 subjects with tumours of the female genital tract. Levels in the tumour group ranged from 25 pg/ml to 134 pg/ml and were almost all greater than the values observed in a control group of 41 healthy women who had a mean (±SD) level of 21 (±3.4) pg/ml. There was a relationship between plasma PGF levels and the stage of the disease. Patients with resectable tumours showed a fall in PGF levels postoperatively and those with disseminated malignancy demonstrated increasing levels as the disease progressed. Plasma PGF may provide a clinical prognostic marker in the management of patients with malignant tumours.
SCANNING AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF MATERIAL ADHERENT TO INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES
Authors: Sheppard B. L. , Bonnar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe material adherent to intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has been studied by transmission and by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X‐ray microprobe analysis. Inert (Lippes Loop D, Saf‐T‐Coil and Dalkon shield) and medicated (Copper 7 and Progestasert) IUCDs were removed for examination from uteri immediately after hysterectomy. The cellular material identified on the surface of all inert IUCDs consisted mainly of macrophages, with some polymorpho‐nuclear leucocytes, erythrocytes, a few platelets and fibrin fibres. Polymorpho‐nuclear leucocytes were the principle cells on the copper devices. Larger numbers of cells were evident on the inert arms than on the active part of the Progestasert device. All the devices examined exhibited varying amounts of surface calcium deposition. The IUCDs which had been in utero for longer periods showed the greatest amount of calcium deposition. Although a less rapid calcium deposition appeared to occur on the Progestasert device, this deposition may influence the release of medications from IUCDs which are retained in utero for longer periods than one year.
A VIRILIZING HILUS‐CELL TUMOUR IN AN AFRICAN PATIENT WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Lyons N. F. , Wilson P. C. , Connolly M. C. , Crane W. A. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 26‐year‐old African female presented with primary amenorrhoea and genital abnormalities. She had the physical stigmata of Turner's syndrome and a 45, X karyotype. Severe masculinization of the external genitalia, apparently present from birth, was present and a laparotomy revealed a hilus‐cell tumour of the right streak gonad. Clitoridectomy and vaginoplasty were performed but subsequent oestrogen therapy failed to produce breast development.
PROSTACYCLIN FORMATION BY THE PREGNANT HUMAN MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Bamford D. S , Jogee M. , Williams K. I 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman myometrium taken between 15 and 42 weeks of pregnancy released a material in vitro which possessed anti‐aggregatory activity. This material parallelled authentic prostacyclin in this action; it possessed a similar stability at alkaline pH and generation of activity was inhibited by indomethacin. Production of the prostacyclin‐like material by the myometrium was similar at weeks 15 and 38 of pregnancy but a 4‐fold increase in synthesis had occurred by 40 weeks. It is suggested this increase may be important for parturition.
EFFECTS OF MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION AND HEAVY PHYSICAL WORK DURING PREGNANCY ON BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Tafari N. , Naeye R. L. , Gobezie A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe study attempted to determine if heavy physical labour by mothers during pregnancy affected fetal growth when such mothers had calorie intakes which were below 70 per cent of WHO/FAO recommended standards. Full term infants of such mothers had a mean birth weight of 3060±355 (SD) g compared to 3270±368 SD g for the newborn of less physically active mothers on similar low calorie diets (P<0.01). The mothers who engaged in heavy labour had a mean pregnancy weight gain of 3.3±2.4 (SD) kg, independent of the birth weight of their offspring, compared with 5.9±3.3 kg for the less active mothers (P<0.001). The mothers' weight in early pregnancy had an insignificant influence on birth weights when mothers were on low calorie intakes.
PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HAEMOGLOBINURIA IN PREGNANCY: CASE REPORT
Authors: Spencer J. A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPregnancy in a woman with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria was complicated by hepatic venous thrombosis, portal hypertension and haematemesis due to gross oesophageal varices. Labour was induced and a live female infant was born. Dural sinus thrombosis and intracerebral haemorrhage resulted in death on the 46th day post partum. A review of the literature shows that venous thrombosis is common in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTEPARTUM CARDIOTOCOGRAMS IN HIGH‐RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Keirse M. J. N. C. , Trimbos J. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA ten‐point scoring system was used to assess 2770 antepartum cardiotocograms (CTGs) obtained in 405 pregnancies at risk. There were 284 pregnancies with a last CTG within 24 hours before labour, Caesarean section or intrauterine death; these were analysed separately and their outcome correlated well with the last CTG score, better than with individual CTG criteria. The relationship between CTG score and fetal condition at birth was particularly close for pregnancies with growth retardation, rhesus isoimmunisation or hypertension. A score of 8 to 10 reliably predicted good condition at birth in 95 per cent of pregnancies which ended within 24 hours and in 88 per cent of those which ended after three or four days. A score of 5 points or less invariably indicated poor fetal condition with little chances of a normal outcome unless the cause could be effectively treated. The score provides a highly specific but moderately sensitive test for fetal well‐being with virtually no false positive and only few false negative results. However, almost 15 per cent of CTGs, scoring 6 or 7 points, provide too little information on fetal well‐being to be of clinical value.
IN VITRO STUDIES OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS FROM VISCOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Mackenzie I. Z , Burnet F. R. , Embrey M. P 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe diffusion rates of prostaglandin E2 in different viscous solutions used in clinical practice for inducing abortion and term labour have been studied in the laboratory. The results indicate that of those currently in use, solutions of Dextran might be more appropriate for the purposes. By increasing the viscosity of solutions in use at present, clinical results may be further improved by aiding retention in the vagina or uterus while producing a slow sustained linear release of prostaglandin.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PRIMARY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Griffiths P. D. , Campbell‐Benzie A. , Heath R. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring a four year study, sera were obtained from 5575 women attending for antenatal care and 3188 (57.2 per cent) were shown to possess complement fixing antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV). A total of 1608 seronegative women were followed to term and 14 (0.87 per cent) primary CMV infections occurred in either the second or third trimester. Transplacental spread of CMV occurred in 3 out of 12 (25 per cent) of the 14 babies born to infected mothers. All 14 babies were apparently normal at birth but short term clinical follow‐up has already revealed that one child has impaired hearing whilst another is microcephalic. The women were also monitored serologically throughout pregnancy for evidence of rubella infections. Only 12 infections were detected and 7 of these occurred during the large rubella epidemic of 1978. Of the 10 pregnancies which were allowed to proceed to term, transplacental spread of rubella virus occurred in 1 out of 7 (14 per cent). During this study period, CMV infections occurred as frequently as did rubella infections. We therefore conclude that, apart from those years when extensive epidemics occur, many more pregnant women are infected with CMV than with rubella virus.
EFFECTS ON SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN OF DIFFERENT ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES CONTAINING NORETHISTERONE AND LYNESTRENOL
Authors: Odlind Viveca , Weiner E. , Victor A. , Johansson E. D. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySix combined oral contraceptive drugs containing ethinyloestradiol or mestranol and norethisterone or lynestrenol were studied throughout six 21‐day cycles in healthy female volunteers. There was always one menstrual cycle without treatment between every treatment cycle. Plasma levels of norethisterone were determined throughout treatment by use of a specific radioimmunoassay. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was measured by an ammonium sulphate precipitation method at the beginning and at the end of each treatment cycle. The results indicated an accumulation of norethisterone in plasma when 1 to 3 mg of norethisterone or lynestrenol was given. There was no obvious accumulation during treatment with 0·5 mg norethisterone. SHBG increased during treatment with all combinations studied. However, this increase was most pronounced with the 50 úg ethinyloestradiol/1 mg lynestrenol, 50 μg mestranol/1 mg norethisterone and 35 μg ethinyloestradiol/0·5 mg norethisterone combinations. There was no statistically significant increase in SHBG with 50 μg ethinyloestradiol/2·5 mg lynestrenol or 50 μg ethinyloestradiol/3 mg norethisterone acetate combinations. The results indicated that the induction of SHBG by the synthetic oestrogens was antagonized by the progestogens in a dose‐dependent manner. The effect on SHBG by a combined preparation could be one assessment of the oestrogenicity or androgenicity of the preparation.
MORPHOLOGY OF HAEMOSTASIS IN MENSTRUAL ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: Christiaens G. C. M. L. , Sixma J. J. , Haspels A. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLight microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were used to study the endometrium from nine uteri removed during the first 72 hours of normal menstruation. During premenstrual spotting, stromal disintegration and vessel lesions without any haemostatic reaction were seen. Up to 20 hours after the onset of menstrual bleeding, blood extravasation was prominent in the functional endometrium. The vessels in this layer were partly or totally sealed by intravascular thrombi functioning as haemostatic plugs. The thrombi contained various amounts of platelets and fibrin and were shed with the tissue. New plugs formed up‐stream in the same vessels. Twenty hours after the onset of menstruation, most of the functional endometrium had been desquamated. From 20 to 72 hours after the start of menstrual bleeding no or few thrombi were seen. Haemostasis may then be caused by adherence of vessel lips.
MATERNAL HYPERTENSION AND INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEATH IN MID‐PREGNANCY
Authors: Silverstone A. , Trudinger B. J. , Lewis P. J. , Bulpitt C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis of the 156 pregnancies which terminated spontaneously between 16 and 27 weeks gestation, inclusive, indicated that in 41 patients where fetal death was the primary event, maternal arterial pressure was raised in early pregnancy when compared with matched groups of women whose pregnancies had a successful outcome. Blood pressure in the 14th week of pregnancy in women with fetal death was significantly higher than in women with other types of mid‐trimester abortion. It is suggested that maternal hypertension predisposes to intrauterine fetal death in the mid‐trimester of pregnancy as it does in the third trimester.
THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL CIGARETTE SMOKING ON FETAL BIRTH WEIGHT AND ON GROWTH OF THE FETAL BIPARIETAL DIAMETER
Authors: Murphy J. F. , Drumm J. E. , Mulcahy R. , Daly L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo otherwise comparable groups of patients, 27 of whom were non‐smokers and 20 of whom smoked in excess of ten cigarettes per day, had serial fetal biparietal diameter measurements taken throughout pregnancy; from 21 weeks onwards, the fetal biparietal diameters increased significantly more slowly (p <0·01) in mothers who smoked.
THE DETERMINATION OF A REFERENCE RANGE FOR URINARY OESTROGEN EXCRETION IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: McFadyen I. R. , Worth H. G. J. , Wright D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA reference range for urinary oestrogen excretion between 28 and 40 weeks has been produced by analysis of 18 870 estimations. The data were transformed logarithmically to give a Gaussian distribution on which parametric analysis was performed: non‐parametric analysis was carried out on the untransformed data : the results of both analyses were compatible. Multiple pregnancies tended to have levels above the 50th centile, light‐for‐dates fetuses below the 50th centile. Antepartum haemorrhage showed no difference from the general reference range. Intrauterine death was preceded by a level below the 5th centile if the estimation was carried out less than one week before the fetus died.
THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF A PREGNANCY SPECIFIC‐β1‐GLYCOPROTEIN IN PLASMA AS A PREGNANCY TEST FOR SUBFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Anthony F. , Masson G. M. , Wood P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe used a pregnancy specific‐β‐glycoprotein (SP1) radioimmunoassay to monitor 72 menstrual cycles of 38 apparently subfertile women who were trying to become pregnant. Blood samples were taken up to day 42 from the start of the previous menstrual cycle. Using serum SP1 levels greater than 6μg/1 as indicative of pregnancy, we obtained 16 positive results of which 11 were later confirmed by a human chorionic gonadotrophin haemagglutination pregnancy test. Three of the five women whose pregnancies were not confirmed had a subsequent history of spontaneous abortion.
DIAZEPAM AS AN INDUCTION AGENT FOR CAESAREAN SECTION: A CLINICAL AND PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF FETAL DRUG EXPOSURE
Authors: Haram K. , Bakke O. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe transplacental passage and clinical effects of diazepam have been studied in 30 patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. General anaesthesia was induced with diazepam (20 mg) and maintained with nitrous oxide/oxygen. The time from completed intravenous injection of diazepam to clamping of the umbilical cord varied from 184 to 810 seconds. The concentrations of diazepam in serial blood samples obtained from the mothers, the umbilical cord and the newborn infants demonstrated that the transplacental passage of the drug was rapid and there was evidence that the distribution of the drug between the mother and the fetus came close to equilibrium. There was no consistent relation between Apgar scores and the extent of the fetal exposure to diazepam.
THE RELATION BETWEEN CORD SERUM SODIUM LEVELS IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND MATERNAL INTRAVENOUS THERAPY DURING LABOUR
Authors: Dahlenburg G. W. , Burnell R. H. , Braybrook R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA retrospective study was made of the relation between the cord serum sodium levels and the intravenous administration to the mother of 5 per cent dextrose and oxytocin. Of the 203 mothers studied, 106 received intravenous fluid before delivery. The mean sodium levels of babies of mothers who had intravenous fluid (133±4.2 (SD) mmol/1) was significantly lower than for babies of mothers who had not (138±4.3(SD)mmol/l).