bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructurally Informed Subject-Specific Parcellation of the Corpus Callosum using Axonal Water Fraction
Authors: Chung Sohae , Fieremans Els , Novikov Dmitry S. , Lui Yvonne W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The corpus callosum (CC) is the most important interhemispheric white matter (WM) structure composed of several anatomically and functionally distinct WM tracts. Resolving these tracts is a challenge since the callosum appears relatively homogenous in conventional structural imaging. Commonly used callosal parcellation methods such as the Hofer/Frahm scheme rely on rigid geometric guidelines to separate the substructures that are limited to consider individual variation. Here we present a novel subject-specific and microstructurally-informed method for callosal parcellation based on axonal water fraction (ƒ) known as a diffusion metric reflective of axon caliber and density. We studied 30 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset with multi-shell diffusion MRI. The biophysical parameter ƒ was derived from compartment-specific WM modeling. Inflection points were identified where there were concavity changes in ƒ across the CC to delineate callosal subregions. We observed relatively higher ƒ in anterior and posterior areas consisting of a greater number of small diameter fibers and lower ƒ in posterior body areas of the CC consisting of a greater number of large diameter fibers. Based on degree of change in ƒ along the callosum, seven callosal subregions can be consistently delineated for each individual. We observe that ƒ can capture differences in underlying tissue microstructures and seven subregions can be identified across CC. Therefore, this method provides microstructurally informed callosal parcellation in a subject-specific way, allowing for more accurate analysis in the corpus callosum.
Case report: CADASIL with cysteine-sparing P572L mutation on exon 11 presenting as focal onset epilepsy
Authors: Geng Yumei , Li Huimin , Guo Zhenli , Wang Mengying , Tao Yunhan , Kang Huicong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common hereditary cerebral small vessel disease. It is caused by a NOTCH3 mutation and usually involves changes in cysteine residues. The clinical manifestations of CADASIL with cysteine-sparing mutations and seizures require further clarification because of the limited number of cases reported.
Case presentation: The proband, a 66-year-old female, was admitted for secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) twice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) sparing the temporal lobes and lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia, but without microbleeds or brain atrophy, prompting the suspicion of CADASIL. Her medical history revealed that she had cognitive impairment for 31 years, migraine without aura for 26 years, and gait disturbances for six months before admission. Interictal video electroencephalogram revealed sporadic medium-amplitude sharp waves in the right temporal region. Although skin biopsy showed no granular osmiophilic material deposition, whole exome sequencing confirmed a c.1715C>T, p. Pro572Leu mutation on exon 11 of NOTCH3, and the diagnosis of CADASIL was made. Her son was confirmed to take the same mutation presented migraines without aura and mild cognitive impairment, but with normal MRI, while sanger sequencing denied the mutation in her two daughters. Consistent with relevant literature, WMH with less involvement of the temporal lobes may be characteristic of cysteine-sparing mutations. The lower incidence of epileptic seizures in CADASIL may be due to ischemic lesions and white matter lesions in the cortex or subcortex, or an independent clinical manifestation. In addition, GTCSs secondary to focal onset may be more common in patients with CADASIL.
Conclusion: We firstly described a CADASIL patient with cysteine-sparing P572L mutation on exon 11 of NOTCH3 in detail and then provides novel insights on cysteine-sparing mutations in CADASIL, especially the presentation of GTCSs secondary to focal onset (temporal lobe).
Nomogram predicted overall survival and cancer-specific survival of patients with cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA): A Population- Based Study
Authors: Zhang Zu-Yu , Wei Hong , Liu Qian , Wang Yao-Qiang , Luo Rui-Ying , Luo Chang-Jiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aims to develop and validate two nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA) patients.
Methods: A total of 6069 patients diagnosed with CGA were selected from the SEER database. They were further randomized in a 7:3 percentage into training and validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were conducted to evaluate the prognostic factors of OS and CSS. Based on this, two nomograms were constructed to predict the prognosis of CGA patients. We used the area under the ROC curve (AUC), concordance index (C-index), and calibration curve to determine the predictive accuracy and discriminability of the nomograms. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was employed to confirm the clinical effectiveness of the nomograms further. Patients were risk-stratified according to nomogram scores, and Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to compare survival outcomes among risk subgroups.
Results: COX regression analysis showed eight independent risk factors associated with OS and nine independent risk factors associated with CSS. Based on the above results, two nomograms were constructed in the training cohorts for predicting OS and CSS in CGA patients. The results showed that the OS nomogram C-index of training cohorts was 0.711 (95%CI: 0.702-0.719) and the CSS nomogram C-index was 0.731 (95%CI: 0.722-0.740). The OS nomogram C-index of validation cohorts was 0.723 (95%CI: 0.710-0.736) and the CSS nomogram C-index was 0.746 (95%CI: 0.732-0.759). The calibration curve and ROC indicated that the nomogram prediction agreed well with the actual survival. AUC(>0.75) and DCA indicated that the model had good clinical application value. In addition, survival results between different subgroups according to the risk of the Kaplan-Meier curve has obvious differences.
Conclusions: Two prognostic nomograms for CGA patients were developed to help clinicians judge the prognosis of patients and make clinical decisions.
Is home environment associated with child fluid reasoning abilities in middle childhood in high-risk settings? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Pakistan
Authors: Rasheed Muneera A. , Nilsen Sondre Aasen , Strand Tor A. , Shaheen Fariha , Kvestad Ingrid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) suggests that home environment is associated with early childhood development outcomes. However, studies from LMIC that have examined how the home environment during middle childhood is associated with cognitive abilities are scarce. The objective of the study was to explore the association between different aspects of the home environment at 7-8 years and fluid reasoning abilities in a rural, high-risk cohort in Pakistan.
Methods
We employed a cross-sectional research design to examine 1172 children between 7-8 years and their families, utilizing the Home Observation for Measurement of Environment for Middle Childhood (HOME-MC) to evaluate various aspects of the home environment and the Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI) of the Wechsler Intelligence for Children (WISC) 5th edition to gauge the fluid reasoning abilities of the children. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the association between different indices of HOME-MC and FRI.
Findings
Learning materials and opportunities (β = 1.74, 95% CI= 1.15, 2.33) and Responsivity (β = 1.73, 95% CI=1.07, 2.38) indices had the strongest association with FRI score followed by Family companionship index (β = 1.27, 95% CI=.63, 1.90). The eight different indices of the home environment explained 22% of the total variation in FRI scores.
Conclusion
We conclude that concurrent learning opportunities, parental responsivity and family companionship at home are associated with fluid reasoning abilities during middle childhood which is comparable to what has been found in early childhood years.
Evaluation of malaria outbreak detection methods, Uganda, 2022
Authors: Zalwango Marie Gorreti , Zalwango Jane F. , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Nanziri Carol , Migisha Richard , Agaba Bosco B. , Kwesiga Benon , Opigo Jimmy , Ario Alex Riolexus , Harris Julie R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Malaria outbreaks are detected by applying WHO-recommended thresholds: the less sensitive 75th percentile or mean+2 standard deviations [2SD] for medium-to high-transmission areas, and the more sensitive cumulative sum [C-SUM] method for low and very low-transmission areas). During 2022, >50% of districts in Uganda were in an epidemic mode according to the 75th percentile method used, resulting in a need to restrict national response to districts with the highest rates of complicated malaria. We evaluated the three threshold approaches to compare their outbreak-signaling outputs and help identify prioritization approaches and method appropriateness across Uganda.
Methods: We applied the three methods as well as adjusted approaches (85th percentile and C-SUM+2SD) for all weeks in 2022 for 16 districts with good reporting rates (≥80%). Districts were selected from regions originally categorized as very low, low, medium, and high transmission; we calculated district thresholds based on 2017–2021 data and recategorized them for this analysis.
Results: Using district-level data to categorize transmission levels resulted in recategorization of 8/16 districts from their original transmission level categories. In all districts, more outbreak weeks were detected by the 75th percentile than the mean+2SD method (p<0.001). For all 9 very low or low-transmission districts, the number of outbreak weeks detected by C-SUM were similar to those detected by the 75th percentile. On adjustment of the 75th percentile method to the 85th percentile, there was no significant difference in the number of outbreak weeks detected for medium and low transmission districts. The number of outbreak weeks detected by C-SUM+2SD was similar to those detected by the mean+2SD method for all districts across all transmission intensities.
Conclusion:
District data may be more appropriate than regional data to categorize malaria transmission and choose epidemic threshold approaches. The 75th percentile method, meant for medium- to high-transmission areas, was as sensitive as C-SUM for low- and very low-transmission areas. For medium and high-transmission areas, more outbreak weeks were detected with the 75th percentile than the mean+2SD method. Using the 75th percentile method for outbreak detection in all areas and the mean+2SD for prioritization of medium- and high-transmission areas in response may be helpful.
WITHDRAWN: Prognostic factors for survival after allogeneic transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia: A censored quantile regression model
Authors: Tatari Maryam , Kasaeian Amir , Mousavian Amir-Hossein , Oskouie Iman Menbari , Yazdani Akram , Zeraati Hojjat , Yaseri Mehdi , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for several malignant and nonmalignant disorders, including hematopoietic disorders and immunological abnormalities. In adults with acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an appropriate therapeutic choice. In this study, we aimed to investigate prognostic factors for survival after allo-HSCT in AML patients.Methods:This historical cohort study was carried out using data from 742 adult AML patients with allo-HSCT. Data were gathered from the medical records of patients referred to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2008 and 2019. Recipient age, diagnostic time to HSCT, patient and donor ABO blood group match, donor type (siblings, other relatives and unrelative), sex-matched status, disease status, and occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were the factors considered in this study. A censored quantile regression model was used.Results:The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and GVHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) rates were 58%, 53%, and 30%, respectively. OS for recipients older than 35 years was 0.95 and 1.12 years lower than that for recipients under 35 years in the 25th and 40th percentiles, respectively. Compared with complete remission (CRΙ), the mentioned percentiles of OS for patients with CRIII disease decreased (1.72 and 3.72 years for CRIII, respectively). Additionally, the OS of ABO blood group-matched patients were 0.92 and 1.29 years greater than that of ABO major mismatch patients in the previous percentiles. patients who had relapses after HSCT have a shorter survival of 2.25 and 4.21 years, respectively. Recipient age, ABO match (major ABO mismatch), disease status, donor type and occurrence of aGVHD were significant prognostic factors for DFS. Finally, for GRFS, recipient age, sex match, disease status, donor type and occurrence of aGVHD play a role as important prognostic factors.Conclusions:Patients may live longer and have a higher quality of life if they receive a transplant when their disease is still in its early stages and they are still younger. This study may help oncologists and hematologists understand the prognostic factors of patient survival in a different range of survival to increase patients' lifetime.
The Difference in Obesity Between Adults and Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pradigo Raynald , Tarigan Ricky 
Published: November 2023

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common diseases of arthritis. The increase in KOA prevalence is also affected by the increase in obesity prevalence as one of the KOA risk factors.
Aim: To see the difference in obesity association with KOA between adults and the elderly.
Methods: The study design is analytic cross-sectional. 102 cases and controls data each are collected from Tarempa public health center (Phc) medical records by simple random sampling using a random number generator. Data taken is the latest patient visit record in the form of name, age, gender, weight, and height. Data are then analyzed using SPSS. This study's ethical clearance is accepted by the ethic committee faculty of medicine University of Sumatera Utara.
Results: 59 (28.9%) men and 83 (71.1%) women participated in this study. The mean age of KOA subjects is 57.5 ± 11,4 with the most age range being 50-59 years old (38.2%). 71 (69.6%) KOA subjects are obese. The results of data analysis show that people ≥ 50 y.o with obesity were at 2.7 times more risk of suffering KOA than the normoweight or overweight people. There is no association between obesity and KOA in people under 50 years old.
Conclusion: The risk of obesity developing into knee OA increased with age
Clinical Characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Malang: Where Are We Now According to the Treat-to-Target Strategy?
Authors: Pratama Mirza Zaka , Suryana Bagus , Megawanto Nurhandi 
Published: November 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent type of systemic inflammatory arthritis.
Aim: to observe RA patients' clinical characteristics in Malang and assess the adherence of the clinical data to the existing guideline for the treat-to-target (T2T) strategy.
Methods: This survey included 111 RA patients who visited the Rheumatology Clinic at Saiful Anwar Hospital in Malang. Patient's demographic information, medical and drug history, body mass index (BMI), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (CCP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) were all collected. The disease activity score for 28 joints - ESR (DAS28-ESR) was used to assess disease activity and remission.
Results: The mean duration of the disease was 2.9±1.6 years. Among those patients, four patients (3.6%) got disease remission, and two patients (1.8%) had low activity. Methotrexate (MTX) was given to all subjects for an average of 78.4±11.7 months at a dose of 9.5±2.8 mg/week. Six patients (5.4%) received the DMARD combination of MTX+LEF (4.5%) and MTX+SSZ (0.9%). Most subjects had delayed MTX initiation (mean duration 6.0±2.2 months after the first onset); 77 patients (69.3%) initiated their MTX after >6 months since the first onset. Most subjects got 7.5 mg/weeks (45.0%), while only 11.7% of patients had ≥15 mg/weeks of MTX.
Conclusion: The remission rate of RA patients in Malang is still low, which can be caused by inadequate adherence to the relevant guidelines and T2T strategy in clinical practices.
Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, South India
Authors: Krishna Gudikandula , Sreedevi S , Khan Abdul 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
The Chikungunya virus, an Alpha virus belongs to the Togaviridae family which infects via the vector Aedes spp. mosquitoes, is the cause of the Chikungunya sickness. The most prevalent symptoms are an abruptly rising temperature, rash, and acute arthralgia. Similar to other arboviral diseases such as Dengue and Japanese B encephalitis infections, it is a serious public health issue.
Methods: A total of 3027 blood samples were received from suspected cases of Chikungunya in the Tertiary Care Hospital, Warangal, Telangana. Over a period of 17 months, this study was conducted. Nearly 5-10ml of blood was collected from the patients after 5 days of fever, and the serum was separated. Using an IgM antibody capture ELISA kit manufactured by NIV (NIV, Pune, India).
Results: In our study population of 3027 during 12 months, 313 Chikungunya cases (10.34%) were found to be seropositive for Chikungunya by IgM ELISA. Most cases were from 0-10 Years (24.60%), followed by 11-20 years (17.25%). Regarding the sex ratio of the total affected cases, 53.35% were males, and 46.64% were females. A maximum number of positives were seen in September, November, and October, which were found to be 35.46%, 18.84%, and 17.57%.
Conclusion: The study found a seroprevalence rate of 23.06% for Chikungunya, with a notable increase in frequency during the monsoon season. Additionally, the virus was found to disproportionately affect individuals in the productive age range of the population.
Lung Abnormalities in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Muli Yaman  , Mustika Syifa 
Published: November 2023

Regardless of preexisting lung illness, patients suffering from liver cirrhosis, especially decompensated liver cirrhosis can develop distinct pulmonary complications. Liver cirrhosis patients should be assessed for hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH), hepatic hydrothorax (HH) and spontaneous bacterial empyema (SBEM) which are the most clinically significant pulmonary consequences, in particular when dyspnea develops in conjunction with hepatic cirrhosis. These entities differ in terms of pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and suitable treatment options. This emphasize the need of specific diagnostic algorithm in liver cirrhosis patients presenting with dyspnea or other pulmonary symptoms. These pulmonary complications might be rare in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension but these complications might carry significant morbidity and mortality risks and, therefore, strong clinical suspicion is required to make an early accurate diagnosis. There are several medical therapies available for each condition in the multiple studies but most of the treatments and proceures doesn’t have significant benefit or have short lived benefit. The only treatment that changes the clinical prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis effectively in long term is liver transplantation. However liver transplantation also needs careful considerations as on some cases it might increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Cirrhosis Hepatis, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome, Portopulmonary Hypertension, Hepatic Hydrothorax, Spontaneous Bacterial Empyema
Best Recommended Exercise for patients with Hypertension
Authors: Tri Tjahjono Cholid , Lestari Defyna , Arthamin Maimun 
Published: November 2023

Hypertension is known as a fatal yet preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is responsible for majority of cardiovascular mortality. Hypertension is closely associated with sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity and/or exercise are shown to retard development of hypertension.
Exercise, combined with other measures of lifestyle behaviour and pharmacologic treatments, is recommended as an effective lifestyle behaviour for adults to prevent and treat hypertension.
The current exercise prescription for the treatment of hypertension is: cardiovascular mode, for 20-60 minutes, 3-5 days per week, at 40-70% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2(max))..
Both aerobic and resistance exercise, should be performed simultaneously by hypertensive patients. Aerobic activity could include walking, jogging, cycling, rowing swimming. While dynamic resistance training could include free weights, resistance machines, and resistance bands. Functional exercises should be comprised of step-ups, bodyweight exercises, and balance training.
After an exercise session, BP decreases, and this decline continues for up to 24 h; which is called post-exercise hypotension. Overall 5 mmHg decrease in BP with regular exercise may be encouraged. With a decrease of 5 mmHg in systolic BP, mortality due to coronary artery disease decreases by 9%, mortality due to cerebrovascular accident decreases by 14% and all-cause mortality decreases by 7%. Regular exercise should therefore be recommended for all individuals including normotensives, pre-hypertensives, and hypertensives.
Case Report: CMML in Young Age which Transformed to AML
Authors: Anggraini Wilujeng , Brahmantyo Herwindo 
Published: November 2023

CMML (Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia) is a rare type of blood cancer that characterized with the presents of monocytes in the blood. 1,2 According to WHO it is categorized as overlapped manifestation of MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndrome) and MPD (Myeloproliferative Disease) or MPN (Myeloproliferative Neoplasm). 2,3 The origin cause of CMML is gene mutation on TET2 (60 %), SRSF2 (50 %), ASLX1 (40 %), and RAS (30 %). 1,3,4 Men are predominantly affected with incidence peak between 71 and 74 years of age, and the prevalence on young adult are very rare and considered to be closely related to the presence of gene mutations in ASLX1. 1,3,5 From several case reports, there were 63 % of CMML patients changed into secondary AML within 1-5 years due to somatic gene mutations in the ASLX1. 2,3,4,6 In this case, we report a 21-year-old male who is diagnosed with CMML and eventually transformed to AML.