bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of chronic iatrogenic CSF leak following dural puncture-ventral dural leak: case report
Authors: Carroll Ian R , Lansinger Olivia , Do Huy M , Dodd Rob , Mahaney Kelly , Li Daphne 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundPostdural puncture headache has been traditionally viewed as benign, self-limited, and highly responsive to epidural blood patching (EBP) when needed. A growing body of data from patients experiencing unintended dural puncture (UDP) in the setting of attempted labor epidural placement suggests a minority of patients will have more severe and persistent symptoms. However, the mechanisms accounting for the failure of EBP following dural puncture remain obscure. An understanding of these potential mechanisms is critical to guide management decisions in the face of severe and persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.Case presentationWe report the case of a peripartum patient who developed a severe and persistent CSF leak unresponsive to multiple EBPs following a UDP during epidural catheter placement for labor analgesia. Lumbar MRI revealed a ventral rather than dorsal epidural fluid collection suggesting that the needle had crossed the thecal sac and punctured the ventral dura, creating a puncture site not readily accessible to blood injected in the dorsal epidural space. The location of this persistent ventral dural defect was confirmed with digital subtraction myelography, permitting a transdural surgical exploration and repair of the ventral dura with resolution of the severe intracranial hypotension.ConclusionsA ventral rather than dorsal dural puncture is one mechanism that may contribute to both severe and persistent spinal CSF leak with resulting intracranial hypotension following a UDP.
Immunogenicity and influence on disease activity of recombinant zoster vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with DMARDs
Authors: Kojima Shotaro , Iwamoto Taro , Kobayashi Yoshihisa , Kato Manami , Takizawa Fumiyoshi , Ida Tomoaki , Suzuki Junya , Toda Yosuke , Miyachi Kazusa , Iwata Arifumi , Furuta Shunsuke , Ikeda Kei , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the immunogenicity and the influence on disease activity of an adjuvanted recombinant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) subunit vaccine (RZV) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study enrolled 53 patients with RA (aged ≥50 years) treated with DMARDs (conventional synthetic (cs)DMARDs 20, biological (b)DMARDs 23 and targeted synthetic (ts)DMARDs 10) and 10 control individuals. The participants received two intramuscular RZV 2 months apart. VZV-specific CD4+T cell responses (cell-mediated immunity; CMI) and IgG antibody responses (humoral immunity; HI) were assessed at 0 and 3 months after the first RZV administration using flow cytometry and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. Disease activity (Disease Activity Score 28-C reactive protein and Clinical Disease Activity Index), flares and adverse events were monitored for 6 months after the first vaccination.ResultsVZV-specific CMI and HI significantly increased in the three DMARDs-treated patients with RA after RZV administration compared with the corresponding prevaccination values (p<0.001–0.014), and the magnitudes and fold-increases of those responses were not significantly different among the three DMARDs-treated patients with RA. Furthermore, the vaccine response rates of CMI and HI were not significantly different between csDMARDs-treated patients and b-DMARDs or ts-DMARDs-treated patients. Meanwhile, no significant increases in disease activity indices or adverse events were observed in these patients during the 6-month follow-up period after the first vaccination. RZV-induced RA flares occurred in two patients (3.8%) but were mild and controllable.ConclusionRZV is robustly immunogenic and has a clinically acceptable safety profile in elderly patients with RA receiving DMARDs.
Improved childhood asthma control after exposure reduction interventions for desert dust and anthropogenic air pollution: the MEDEA randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kouis Panayiotis , Galanakis Emmanouil , Michaelidou Eleni , Kinni Paraskevi , Michanikou Antonis , Pitsios Constantinos , Perez Julietta , Achilleos Souzana , Middleton Nicos , Anagnostopoulou Pinelopi , Dimitriou Helen , Revvas Efstathios , Stamatelatos Gerasimos , Zacharatos Haris , Savvides Chrysanthos , Vasiliadou Emily , Kalivitis Nikos , Chrysanthou Andreas , Tymvios Filippos , Papatheodorou Stefania I , Koutrakis Petros , Yiallouros Panayiotis K 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionElevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations of anthropogenic and/or desert dust origin are associated with increased morbidity among children with asthma.ObjectiveThe Mitigating the Health Effects of Desert Dust Storms Using Exposure-Reduction Approaches randomised controlled trial assessed the impact of exposure reduction recommendations, including indoor air filtration, on childhood asthma control during high desert dust storms (DDS) season in Cyprus and Greece.Design, participants, interventions and settingPrimary school children with asthma were randomised into three parallel groups: (a) no intervention (controls); (b) outdoor intervention (early alerts notifications, recommendations to stay indoors and limit outdoor physical activity during DDS) and (c) combined intervention (same as (b) combined with indoor air purification with high efficiency particulate air filters in children’s homes and school classrooms. Asthma symptom control was assessed using the childhood Asthma Control Test (c-ACT), spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC)) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).ResultsIn total, 182 children with asthma (age; mean=9.5, SD=1.63) were evaluated during 2019 and 2021. After three follow-up months, the combined intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in c-ACT in comparison to controls (β=2.63, 95% CI 0.72 to 4.54, p=0.007), which was more profound among atopic children (β=3.56, 95% CI 0.04 to 7.07, p=0.047). Similarly, FEV1% predicted (β=4.26, 95% CI 0.54 to 7.99, p=0.025), the need for any asthma medication and unscheduled clinician visits, but not FVC% and FeNO, were significantly improved in the combined intervention compared with controls.ConclusionRecommendations to reduce exposure and use of indoor air filtration in areas with high PM pollution may improve symptom control and lung function in children with asthma.Trial registration numberNCT03503812.
Generic multi-particle transverse momentum correlations as a new tool for studying nuclear structure at the energy frontier
Authors: Dahlbæk Nielsen Emil Gorm , Rømer Frederik K. , Gulbrandsen Kristjan , Zhou You 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mean transverse momentum of produced particles, $$[p_\textrm{T} ]$$

[

p
T

]

, and its event-by-event fluctuations give direct access to the initial conditions of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and help probe the colliding nuclei’s structure. The $$[p_\textrm{T} ]$$

[

p
T

]

fluctuations can be studied via multi-particle $$p_\textrm{T}$$

p
T

correlations; so far, only the lowest four orders have been studied. Higher-order fluctuations can provide stronger constraints on the initial conditions and improved sensitivity to the detailed nuclear structure; however, their direct implementation can be challenging and is still lacking. In this paper, we apply a generic recursive algorithm for the genuine multi-particle $$p_\textrm{T}$$

p
T

correlations, which enables the accurate study of higher-order $$[p_\textrm{T} ]$$

[

p
T

]

fluctuations without heavy computational cost for the first time. With this algorithm, we will examine the power of multi-particle $$p_\textrm{T}$$

p
T

correlations through Monte Carlo model studies with different nuclear structures. The impact on the nuclear structure studies, including the nuclear deformation and triaxial structure, will be discussed. These results demonstrate the usefulness of multi-particle $$p_\textrm{T}$$

p
T

correlations for studying nuclear structure in high-energy nuclei collisions at RHIC and the LHC, which could serve as a complementary tool to existing low-energy nuclear structure studies.
Natural fracture density controls productivity in shale reservoirs
Authors: Kurison Clay , Woldeamanuel Mandefro B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Shale reservoirs host ubiquitous multi-scale natural fractures created by factors such as pore pressure build-up after petroleum generation and palaeo crustal stress changes during tectonic episodes. Natural fractures are among postulated drivers of stimulated shale well productivity and related variability. Quantifying the aforementioned role and optimizing recovery call for litho-structural assessments. In this interdisciplinary study, natural fracture density (fractures per unit length) for North and South American shales (Marcellus, Eagle Ford, Haynesville, Barnett, Fayetteville and Vaca Muerta) was estimated from published observations of outcrops, cores and borehole images. Associated production for the latest horizontal wells, drilled in the most productive locations (sweet spots), was normalized by lateral length and reservoir thickness. It was found to correlate positively with the density of small-scale natural fractures. Durations of transient linear flow, diagnosed from production data, were play-specific, negatively correlated with small-scale natural fracture density and led to realization of picodarcy matrix permeability. Conversely, large-scale (tectonic) fractures limit stimulation efficiency and pose environmental/induced seismicity risks. Therefore, stimulation-driven reactivation of small-scale fractures facilitates drainage and enhances well productivity. Relatedly, reservoir flow regimes and production decline curves are intricately controlled by interplay of natural fracture density and matrix permeability. Variability of these parameters calls for acreage-tailored stimulations.
Electric-field-based dosing for TMS
Authors: Numssen Ole , Kuhnke Philipp , Weise Konstantin , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an invaluable non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique to modulate cortical activity and behavior, but high within- and between-participant variability limits its efficacy and reliability. Here, we explore the potential of electric field (e-field) based TMS dosing to reduce its variability and discuss current challenges as well as future pathways. In contrast to previous dosing approaches, e-field dosing better matches the stimulation strength across cortical areas, both within and across individuals. Challenges include methodological uncertainties of the e-field simulation, target definitions, and comparability of different stimulation thresholds across cortical areas and NIBS protocols. Despite these challenges, e-field dosing promises to substantially improve NIBS applications in neuroscientific research and personalized medicine.
Seasonal and Interannual Movement of the Mindanao Current Retroflection at the Pacific Entrance of the Indonesian Seas
Authors: Wang Kunxiang , Yuan Dongliang , Ren Kaixin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The seasonal and interannual variations of the Mindanao Current (MC) retroflection are studied using surface geostrophic currents of satellite altimeters covering January 1993–December 2019. The results show that the Mindanao Current mainstream retroflects back to the Pacific Ocean north of the Talaud Islands in boreal summer and intrudes into the northern Maluku Sea in boreal winter. The variation of the MC retroflection has resulted in the seasonal movement of the sea surface color fronts at the entrance of the Indonesian seas, both of which are highly correlated to the seasonal transport variations of the North Equatorial Countercurrent, lagging the latter due to the westward propagation of the seasonal Rossby waves. The MC retroflection and sea surface color fronts are found to move synchronously on interannual time scales at the Pacific entrance of the Indonesian seas, with the Niño-3.4 index lagging by about 2 months. The MC retroflection intrudes anomalously deeper than the seasonal cycle into the northern Maluku Sea in El Niño winters, while it tends to take a leaping path in La Niña winters. During El Niño summers, the leaping path of the MC is changed into a penetrating path sometimes.

Significance Statement
The Mindanao Current is the western boundary current (WBC) of the North Pacific Ocean tropical gyre and is much stronger than the ocean interior gyre circulation. This equatorward WBC forces strong exchanges between the equatorial Pacific and the marginal seas as it turns eastward at the entrance of the Indonesian seas. The path of the Mindanao Current retroflection is very important for Rossby wave reflection and for Indo-Pacific interbasin exchange leading to global repercussions, both of which are thought to be controlled by linear dynamics in the past. Here, we disclose the seasonal and interannual movement of the retroflection path, showing strong nonlinear dynamics important for ENSO and interocean exchange.
Feasibility of Estimating Sea Surface Height Anomalies from Surface Ocean Currents and Winds
Authors: O’Neill Larry W. , Chelton Dudley B. , Rodríguez Ernesto , Samelson Roger , Wineteer Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a method to reconstruct sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) from vector surface currents and winds. This analysis is motivated by the proposed satellite ODYSEA, which is a Doppler scatterometer that measures coincident surface vector winds and currents. If it is feasible to estimate SSHA from these measurements, then ODYSEA could provide collocated fields of SSHA, currents, and winds over a projected wide swath of ∼1700 km. The reconstruction also yields estimates of the low-frequency surface geostrophic, Ekman, irrotational, and nondivergent current components and a framework for separation of balanced and unbalanced motions. The reconstruction is based on a steady-state surface momentum budget including the Ekman drift, Coriolis acceleration, and horizontal advection. The horizontal SSHA gradient is obtained as a residual of these terms, and the unknown SSHA is solved for using a Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition given an imposed SSHA boundary condition. We develop the reconstruction using surface currents, winds, and SSHA off the U.S. West Coast from a 43-day coupled ROMS–WRF simulation. We also consider how simulated ODYSEA measurement and sampling errors and boundary condition uncertainties impact reconstruction accuracy. We find that temporal smoothing of the currents for periods of 150 h is necessary to mitigate large reconstruction errors associated with unbalanced near-inertial motions. For the most realistic case of projected ODYSEA measurement noise and temporal sampling, the reconstructed SSHA fields have an RMS error of 2.1 cm and a model skill (squared correlation) of 0.958 with 150-h resolution. We conclude that an accurate SSHA reconstruction is feasible using information measured by ODYSEA and external SSHA boundary conditions.
Understanding Patient Utilization Patterns of Cochlear Implant Processors
Authors: Babajanian Eric E. , Cervantes Meghan M. , Gordon Steven A. , Johnson Kathryn M. , Horn Mary Leigh , Patel Neil S. , Gurgel Richard K. 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To evaluate the extent of benefit the second processor provides and to better understand utilization patterns regarding cochlear implant (CI) sound processors. Background Institutional contracts determine the external CI sound processor hardware that a patient is eligible for. Despite the high prevalence of CI worldwide, there is a paucity in the literature regarding patient preferences and how patients utilize provided external hardware. Methods: A close-ended, multiple-choice survey was mailed to all patients over the age of 18 years who underwent CI between 2016 to 2020 at a tertiary academic medical center. Patients who received their CI hardware prior to 2018 were provided 2 processors, whereas those who received their hardware in 2018 or later were provided 1 processor. Results: A total of 100/263 surveys were returned for a response rate of 38.0%. Of the cohort with 1 processor, 31.3% experienced a period without a functioning processor and access to sound compared to 5.6% of the cohort with 2 processors ( P = −.003). Of the cohort with 2 processors, 24.3% noted that they often or always utilize their second processor. When asked how important having a second processor was, 62.9% of the 2-processor group responded that it was very important ( P = .001). The most common reason for utilizing the second processor was a damaged primary processor. Patients who received 2 processors had a significantly lower number of postoperative audiology clinic visits for device troubleshooting ( P < .001). Conclusion Patients who have 2 CI external processors identify this as being very important to them and experience significantly less time without access to sound due to lack of a functioning processor. As institutional contracts often dictate whether a patient will receive 1 or 2 sound processors with their CI hardware, it is important to understand patient preferences and utilization patterns in order to guide patient-centric policies.
Exploring Palliative Care Needs Among Patients With Cancer and Non-Cancer Serious Chronic Diseases: A Comparison Study
Authors: Alnajar Malek , Darawad Muhammad , Khater Wejdan , Alshahwan Rashed , Mosleh Sultan , Nofal Basema , Abdalrahim Maysoon 
Published: February 2024

Background Palliative care (PC) is integral to improving the quality of life and mitigating suffering for individuals with serious illnesses. This interdisciplinary-led study aims to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of distressing problems and unmet needs among both cancer and non-cancer chronic disease patients and explore their need for PC. Methods A cross-sectional, comparative, and multicenter design was conducted, involving 458 patients from eight hospitals, utilizing a self-reported Problems and Needs in Palliative Care-sv questionnaire. Results The study included 276 (60.3%) patients with cancer and 182 (39.7%) with non-cancer chronic diseases. Most were 45-64 years old (n = 216, 47.2%). Patients with cancer reported a higher prevalence of physical symptoms, notably pain (n = 240, 87%) and anorexia (n = 192, 69.6%), while non-cancer patients faced more social challenges, including issues in companion relationships (n = 77, 42.3%) and discussing their disease with life companion (n = 78, 42.9%). Unmet needs were prevalent in both groups, with cancer patients having an average of 75.6% (n = 120) unmet needs, predominantly in the information (n = 145, 91.75%) and spiritual domains (n = 123, 77.8%). Non-cancer patients emphasized financial (n = 71, 66.6%) and autonomy (n = 59, 55.0%) problems. Moreover, patients in both groups with severe Charlson Comorbidity Index scores demonstrated significantly higher PC needs across all health domains. Conclusion The study highlights the universal demand for comprehensive PC for patients with both cancer and non-cancer chronic diseases. The findings underscore the need for enhanced PC provision, especially for patients with multiple comorbidities. Further research is needed to comprehensively address psychological, social, and spiritual problems in both patient groups.
A Field Study of Carbon Monoxide Levels in Snow Caves During Short-Term Stove Use
Authors: Nielsen Simon Uhl , Karlsen Anders 
Published: February 2024

Introduction While the use of camping stoves in poorly ventilated areas is discouraged, the need to address dehydration challenges in harsh arctic conditions has led to their unconventional use inside snow caves for snow melting, subjecting occupants to unknown carbon monoxide (CO) levels. This study, located at sea level in northeastern Greenland, aimed to assess CO levels and dynamics during short cooking sessions in newly constructed emergency snow caves. Methods In 5 snow caves, constructed according to the same design principles by 4 different individuals, a single MSR Whisperlite multifuel burner, primed with ethanol and burning white gas, was used to melt snow. CO concentrations were monitored every minute until all the snow in a 5-L pot was converted to water and CO levels returned to below 10 ppm. Results A total of 16 experiments conducted showed that the priming phase generated the highest CO peaks, with a maximum of 120 ppm. Time-weighted averages ranged from 14 ppm to 67 ppm, with trial durations of 15 to 21 min. A single trial with a dirty burner resulted in up to a 10-fold increase in CO levels. Conclusions While single, short cooking sessions of less than 10 min burn time in newly constructed snow caves may be tolerated under specific conditions, the study highlighted substantial variation between caves and the importance of using clean burners, emphasizing the need for further research to gain a comprehensive understanding of CO exposure dynamics in snow caves.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Aloni Roy , Kalron Alon , Goodman Assaf , Ben-Ari Amichai , Yoeli-Shalom Talya , Menascu Shay 
Published: February 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological autoimmune disease; pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) represents 5% to 10% of total MS population. Children with POMS may experience attention difficulties due to the disease’s impact on the central nervous system. However, little is known regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in POMS, and its relation to cognitive performance. Methods: A retrospective case review was conducted using medical records of 66 children and adolescent patients diagnosed with POMS between 2012 and 2021 in a MS center of a tertiary medical center. All patients had undergone routine clinical neurological examinations and had been assessed for a diagnosis of ADHD by a department pediatric neurologist. In addition, sociodemographic data, disease-related variables, and cognitive performance were collected. Results: Of the 66 patients, 31 (47%) had a diagnosis of ADHD; 29 (44%) had cognitive impairment. Moreover, we identified four different profiles of POMS: those with only ADHD (17, 26%); only cognitive impairment (15, 23%), ADHD and cognitive impairment (14, 21%), and only POMS (20, 30%). A significant difference in disease duration was found among the four profiles [ F(3,65) = 8.17, p < .001, η² = 0.29], indicating that patients with ADHD and cognitive impairment were characterized by longer disease duration. Conclusions: ADHD may be prominently involved in POMS, even during the early stages of the disease and early diagnosis is crucial in order to provide appropriate interventions and support.