bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining Male Sex Offender Recidivism: Accounting for Differences in Correctional Supervision
Authors: Kowalski M. A. , Baumgart Z. , Bergner C. , Jones M. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose Contrary to public opinion, empirical studies have consistently shown that persons convicted of a sexual offense (PCSO) are less likely to recidivate with a general offense. While researchers often point toward the surreptitiousness of sexual offending to explain low rates of recidivism, this paper tests a novel explanation: SOs recidivate at lower rates than persons convicted of a non-sexual offense (PCNSO) because they are more often revoked to prison before they are able to commit a new crime, perhaps owing to more restrictive post-release supervision guidelines. Methods Using a sample of 196,468 unique male releases, the difference in general and sexual recidivism between PCSO ( n = 29,420) and PCNSO was assessed through survival analyses (Cox regression models). Results Results demonstrated that PCSO were significantly less likely to be reconvicted for a general crime, but more likely for a sex offense. They were also more likely to be reincarcerated due to a revocation without a new sentence. Accounting for revocations, the difference in reconviction risk lessens between the groups but does not disappear. Conclusions This analysis provides evidence that differences in community supervision are contributing to the difference in recidivism rates between PCSO and PCNSO. Implications and future research are discussed.
Stretching is not essential for managing MS spasticity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hugos Cinda L , Joos Sandra K , Perumean-Chaney Suzanne E , Cutter Gary R , Cameron Michelle H 
Published: December 2023

Background: Clinical practice, expert opinion, and evidence-based guidelines recommend daily stretching as first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity, but this has not been evaluated by fully powered clinical trials. Objective: To determine whether MS Spasticity: Take Control (STC), a guideline-based program of spasticity education and stretching exercises has different effects on the impact of spasticity than a control program of different spasticity education and range of motion (ROM) exercises. Methods: Ambulatory people with self-reported MS spasticity were randomly assigned to STC or ROM, delivered in same duration, facilitator-led, group classes, face-to-face (F2F) initially and later virtually, due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale (MSSS) scores were compared between groups at 1 (primary outcome) and 6 months after interventions. Results: A total of 231 people enrolled. There was no significant difference in MSSS scores between STC and ROM at 1 month (mean difference = 0.28, 95% (confidence interval (CI)) = [−9.45 to 10.01], p = 0.955). There were significant group mean improvements in MSSS scores and most other outcomes at 1 and 6 months. Conclusion: Education with stretching exercises, the first-line recommended treatment for MS spasticity, and education with ROM exercises may both improve MS spasticity to a similar degree. This study debunks the belief that stretching is essential to managing MS spasticity.
The Finger Dexterity Test: Validation study of a smartphone-based manual dexterity assessment
Authors: Van Laethem Delphine , Denissen Stijn , Costers Lars , Descamps Annabel , Baijot Johan , Van Remoortel Ann , Van Merhaegen-Wieleman Annick , D’hooghe Marie B , D’Haeseleer Miguel , Smeets Dirk , Sima Diana M , Van Schependom Jeroen , Nagels Guy 
Published: December 2023

Background: The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) is the golden standard to measure manual dexterity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, administration requires trained personnel and dedicated time during a clinical visit. Objectives: The objective of this study is to validate a smartphone-based test for remote manual dexterity assessment, the icompanion Finger Dexterity Test (FDT), to be included into the icompanion application. Methods: A total of 65 MS and 81 healthy subjects were tested, and 20 healthy subjects were retested 2 weeks later. Results: The FDT significantly correlated with the 9HPT (dominant: ρ = 0.62, p < 0.001; non-dominant: ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001). MS subjects had significantly higher FDT scores than healthy subjects (dominant: p = 0.015; non-dominant: p = 0.013), which was not the case for the 9HPT. A significant correlation with age (dominant: ρ = 0.46, p < 0.001; non-dominant: ρ = 0.40, p = 0.002), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS, dominant: ρ = 0.36, p = 0.005; non-dominant: ρ = 0.31, p = 0.024), and disease duration for the non-dominant hand (ρ = 0.31, p = 0.016) was observed. There was a good test–retest reliability in healthy subjects (dominant: r = 0.69, p = 0.001; non-dominant: r = 0.87, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The icompanion FDT shows a moderate-to-good concurrent validity and test–retest reliability, differentiates between the MS subjects and healthy controls, and correlates with clinical parameters. This test can be implemented into routine MS care for remote follow-up of manual dexterity.
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Depression in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reangsing Chuntana , Punsuwun Sasinun , Keller Kristine 
Published: December 2023

Objective: We examined the effects of Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on depressive symptoms in women with breast cancer and examined the moderating effects of participant characteristics, research methodologies, and features of interventions. Methods: We systematically searched 12 databases through November 2022 without date restrictions using the following search terms: (mindful* or meditation) AND (cancer OR neoplasm) AND (depress*). Studies included were primary studies evaluating MBIs in women with breast cancer who also had depression. Studies were included if they used a control group and were written in English. We used a random-effects model to compute effect sizes (ESs) using Hedges’ g, forest plot, and Q and I2 statistics as measure of heterogeneity. We also requested moderator analyses. Results: We found 19 studies with 2139 participants (49.4 ± 8.3 years old) that met inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis and systematic review. Overall, women in MBI groups demonstrated significantly lower levels of depression ( g = 0.48, 95% CI:0.159, 0.792, P < .001) compared to women in control groups. Regarding moderators, providing MBIs with a home assignment component showed a significantly greater effect on decreasing depressive symptoms ( g = 1.75) compared to MBIs without a home assignment component ( g = 0.20). When researchers used concealed allocation technique, the interventions demonstrated lower effects on depression than when concealed allocation ( g = 0.11vs g = 1.33, P ≤ .001) was not reported. Additionally, when researchers reported high rates of sample attrition, they found a lower effect size on depression (β = −.019, Q = 3.97, P = .046) indicating that attrition moderates the effect. Conclusion: MBIs are moderately effective interventions to reduce depressive symptoms among women with breast cancer. Clinicians might consider encouraging MBIs as adjunct/alternative treatments for women with breast cancer to manage symptoms of depression. Interventions that incorporat home assignments for practicing mindfulness are likely to have a greater effect on reducing depressive symptoms. Additionally, methods including concealed allocation and attrition rate were moderators of the effects of MBIs on depression in women with breast cancer.
Patient Perceptions of Same-Day Discharge Versus Overnight Stay After Total Joint Arthroplasty: Results of a Survey
Authors: O’Brien Daniel F. , Sullivan Thomas C. , Lambert Bradley S. , Brown Timothy S. , Incavo Stephen J. , Park Kwan J. 
Published: December 2023

Background: In the COVID-19 era, there has been increasing interest in same-day discharge (SDD) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, patient perception of SDD is not well reported. Purpose: We sought to understand patients’ perceptions and preferences of postoperative care by surveying patients who have completed both an overnight stay (ONS) and an SDD after TJA. Methods: We emailed survey links to 67 patients who previously underwent either 2 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) or 2 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Results: Fifty-two patients (78%) responded to the survey. Thirty-four (65%) patients underwent staged, bilateral TKAs, and 18 (35%) patients underwent staged, bilateral THAs. Overall, 63% of patients preferred their SDD, 12% had no preference, and 25% preferred their ONS, with no difference in preference between TKA and THA groups. Those who preferred their SDD reported being more comfortable at home. Those who preferred their ONS felt their pain and concerns were better addressed. No differences were found in comfort, sleep quality, appetite, burden on family, return to function, feelings of being discharged too soon, overall experience, 30-day emergency department (ED) visits, or readmissions within 30 days between patients’ SDD and ONS. There was a small statistically significant difference between patients’ perception of safety between SDD and ONS. Conclusion: Our survey found that most patients reported a preference for SDD after TJA over ONS. Although there was a small difference in patient perception of safety, there were no differences in return to the ED or readmissions after SDD and ONS.
Real-world data of triplet combination of pyrotinib, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: You Shuhui , Sang Die , Xu Fei , Luo Ting , Yuan Peng , Xie Yizhao , Wang Biyun 
Published: December 2023

Background: Pyrotinib, an irreversible pan-human epidermal growth (HER) inhibitor, has proven its antitumor efficacy as a second-line treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (HER2+ MBC) when combined with capecitabine. However, real-world data concerning the pyrotinib, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy (PyroHC) combination remains scarce. Objectives: Our study is to report the treatment patterns, efficacy, and safety of the PyroHC combination in a real-world setting. Design: This study enrolled patients with HER2+ MBC from five institutions in China, treated with PyroHC between June 2017 and January 2023 (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05839288). Methods: We evaluated progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), toxicity profile, and utilized treatment regimens. Results: Of the 135 patients in our cohort, 91.9% had prior trastuzumab exposure and 52.2% underwent at least two systematic therapy lines before receiving PyroHC. The most prevalent chemotherapies paired with PyroH were capecitabine (36.3%). Patients receiving PyroHC achieved a median PFS of 8.67 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.84–10.51] and an ORR of 51.3% (95% CI: 42.1–61.5%). The first-line treatment with PyroHC led to a median PFS of 14.46 months (95% CI: 6.35–22.56). Patients with brain metastases showed a median PFS of 9.03 months (95% CI: 6.56–11.50), achieving an ORR of 52.17% (95% CI: 51.74–83.39). Longer previous trastuzumab (⩾6.37 months) or lapatinib (⩾10.05 months) therapies could indicate improved PFS, while prior pyrotinib exposure negatively influenced PFS. Notably, the most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea (37.8%), which were generally manageable. Conclusion: PyroHC shows promising efficacy and a satisfactory safety profile for treating HER2+ MBC, both as a first-line option and for heavily treated patients, including those with brain metastasis. Our findings suggest the duration and history of anti-HER2 therapy as potential predictors for PyroHC efficacy in advanced settings.
Perceived Impact of Virtual Visits on Access to Care in Family Medicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Ho Tiffany F. , Fortenberry Katherine T. , Gardner Elena , Turner Cindy , Knox Jordan , Spiess Saskia , Ose Dominik J. 
Published: December 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to the rapid adoption of telemedicine, including virtual visits, to minimize face-to-face contact between clinicians and patients. Family medicine clinics across the nation had to transform how they provided primary care while maintaining the core values of family medicine. The objective of this study was to analyze how family medicine faculty perceived the impact of virtual visits on patient access to care. Methods: This qualitative study took place in an academic primary care setting. We interviewed clinical faculty who utilized virtual visits about their experiences from June to December 2020. We used qualitative content analysis to evaluate the results of the interviews. Results: The study included a total of 20 participants. The mean age was 43.4 years, and 85% of participants were female. Researchers developed 3 themes, “Logistics of virtual visits,” “reigniting the concept of home visits,” and “barriers and benefits that affect specific patient populations” that describe how virtual visits have impacted patients’ access to care. The results highlight how virtual visits improve access to care by increasing flexibility for patients and providers and provide a new perspective into a patient’s home life. Challenges of virtual visits include language barriers, technological issues, and issues unique to vulnerable patient populations. Conclusion: Virtual visits can enhance family medicine’s ability to provide accessible care, but there are concerns it may worsen health disparities. Further research and quality improvement projects are needed to examine ways to implement innovative care delivery solutions to avoid further exacerbating these disparities.
Effect Modification by Age and Gender in the Correlation Between Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Obesity
Authors: El-Metwally Ashraf , Fatani Faris , Binhowaimel Nouf , Al Khateeb Badr F. , Al Kadri Hanan M. , Alshahrani Awad , Aldubikhi Aljohrah I. , Bin Amer Mona I. , Almuflih Abdulrahman , Alangari Abdulaziz S. 
Published: December 2023

Background: Literature has reported differences in the epidemiology or natural history of non-communicable diseases among both the male and female sexes. Stratification of multimorbidity burden based on sex is crucial to identify and implement targeted prevention and control interventions for chronic diseases. Objectives: To determine the burden of hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity; and to compare the related multimorbidity among male and female patients. Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of 375 802 medical records from primary care centers. Data was extracted from March 2022 to March 2023. A multivariate probit estimation methodology was employed using a 3-equations multivariate multiple probit model to jointly estimate the association of a person’s sex with the diagnosis of the 3 chronic conditions: obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to allow each unique combination of these 3 chronic diseases. Results: Females had a relatively higher proportion of obesity (58.1% vs 41.2%), obesity and diabetes only (58.9% vs 41.1%), obesity and hypertension (63.6% vs 36.4%), and joint diagnosis with 3 conditions (65.7% vs 34.3%). Females’ participants consistently had a significantly higher likelihood of diagnosis compared with males except for diabetes (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.56-0.62) and the combination of only diabetes and hypertension (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.61-0.74). The likelihood of other combinations ranged from 1.04 (95% CI: 0.98-1.10) for only hypertension to 2.30 (95% CI: 2.10-2.53) for the joint diagnosis of all 3 conditions. An increased likelihood of a single or combined occurrence of 3 chronic conditions was observed with increased age. Conclusion: The multimorbidity distribution for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity differs significantly among male and female patients. The overall burden of morbidity, and mortality, however, tends to rise after 46 years of age, with the highest burden among individuals above 60 years of age.
A New Trend of Social Media and Medicine: Analyzing the Quality and Educational Value of Ankle Sprain-Related Videos on TikTok
Authors: Anastasio Albert T. , Tabarestani Troy Q. , Bagheri Kian , Bethell Mikhail Alexander , Prado Isabel , Taylor Joshua , Adams Samuel 
Published: December 2023

Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Social media platforms, like TikTok, have become popular options for the distribution of healthcare information. Due to the lack of scientific oversight, the quality of healthcare-related videos has become a focus of the current literature. However, orthopaedic surgery has lagged behind other fields in acknowledging the widespread utilization of TikTok videos for medical information consumption. This study aims to assess the quality and educational benefits of ankle sprain-related TikTok videos. Methods: TikTok was queried using the hashtag “#anklesprainexercises". 100 videos were included after applying the exclusion criteria. The number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites was recorded. The content was graded using DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and ASEES (a self-designed tool for exercise evaluation). Results: The total number of views of the 100 videos included was 6,483,412, with a median of 5,377.5 (IQR = 1,074- 20,275). The videos collectively received 385,847 likes, 3,642 comments, 55,574 favorites, and 14,918 shares with a median of 267.5 (IQR=41.5-1,678.0), 4.0 (IQR= 0.0-23.0), 42.0 (IQR= 4.8-264.5), and 13.0 (IQR= 1.8-67.8), respectively. General users uploaded more videos (68%) in comparison to healthcare professionals (32%). The dissemination statistics between the general users and healthcare professionals were statistically insignificant. There were significant differences in DISCERN 1, DISCERN 3, TOTAL DISCERN, and ASEES between the two groups. General users had a higher percentage of videos graded as “very poor” (61.8%) in comparison to healthcare professionals (34.4%). Neither general users nor healthcare professionals had videos graded “good” or “excellent”. Conclusion: Although TikTok is a powerful tool for information distribution, the educational value of the videos related to ankle sprain injury exercises was poor. With only 2% of videos receiving a grade of ‘fair,’ and no videos reaching a score of ‘good’ or ‘excellent’, healthcare professionals should be aware of the low-quality content easily accessible on TikTok.
Evaluation of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability with a Sprain Stimulator: A Controlled Study in Physically Active Subjects
Authors: Lalevee Matthieu , Schmidt Eli , Mansur Nacime Salomao Barbachan , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: December 2023

Category: Ankle; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability (CLAI) represents a significant socioeconomic burden. Paradoxically, its management has changed little over the years, notably because research is divided into functional and mechanical instability, whereas CLAI encompasses both. Sprain simulators can encompass both functional and mechanical instability by assessing the maximal ankle inversion velocity (MIV) during a simulated inversion trauma. We built a sprain simulator capable of producing a sudden ankle inversion motion during walking. We aimed to differentiate subjects with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) from controls and quantify functional CLAI as well as impairments in activities of daily living and sports using a sprain simulator. Methods: Forty-five physically active subjects were included and assigned to a CLAI group, a control group, or excluded according to the International Ankle Consortium selection criteria. Each subject walked on a treadmill with instability boots after completing the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) and the Foot Ankle Ability Measurement (FAAM) questionnaires. A simulated trauma was unexpectedly triggered by the observer. Maximal inversion velocities (MIV) were measured at this very moment using inertial moment units. We normalized these values by the average MIV of the 5 stance phases of the same foot preceding the simulated trauma (Ratio MIV). Normality of data were assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. The groups were compared using Student T test for normal and Mann-Whitney U test for nonnormal variables. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to assess the relation between, the IdFAI, the FAAM Activities of Daily Living Subscale, the FAAM Sports Subscale and the explanatory variables. Results: Twenty-six ankles were excluded, 32 composed the CLAI group and 32 the control group. Mean MIV were 213.5+/-54.7°/s and 177+/-64.2°/s (p=0.02), and mean Ratio MIV were 1.22+/-0.13 and 1.08+/-0.08 (p < 0.001) in the CLAI and Control groups respectively. In multivariate analysis, Ratio MIV was associated with higher values of IdFAI (β=42.8 [12.9;72.8],p=0.006), lower values of FAAM Activities of Daily Living Subscale (β=-14.1 [-27.8;-0.5],p=0.04) and lower values of FAAM Sports Subscale (β=-7.2 [-13.7;- 0.6],p=0.03) whereas MIV was not. Conclusion: Inversion velocities caused by a sprain simulator clearly differentiated CLAI from controls in our study. Ratio MIV showed good ability to quantify functional CLAI as well as impairments in activities of daily living and sports. This tool should be used in future studies in an attempt to provide a complete picture of CLAI encompassing its functional and mechanical aspects which may lead to improved LAS and CLAI management.
Patient-related Risk Factors Associated with Poorer Outcomes Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Scoping Review of 101552 Cases
Authors: Haq Ibrahim Inzarul , Arshad Zaki , Bhatia Maneesh 
Published: December 2023

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle arthroplasty and ankle arthrodesis are both first line options for end stage arthritis. Both have good outcomes in terms of patient reported outcome measures, complications, and revision rate. Despite efforts to determine a superior option, results are inconsistent. It may be better to take a patient-specific approach in deciding which procedure to use based on risk factors such as BMI, age, and co-morbidities. This scoping review aims to identify and summarise all literature on total ankle arthroplasty and risk factors to guide a patient-specific decision making process, helping clinicians refine selection criteria and identify patients who are likely to respond well to the procedure. Methods: A scoping review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews an Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Computer based literature searching was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane trials and ISI Web of science. Two reviewers independently performed title/abstract and full text screening according to pre-determined selection criteria. English-language original research studies reporting patient related factors associated with a poorer outcome following total ankle arthroplasty were included. Outcomes were defined as patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), peri-operative complications and failure. Results: A total of 94 studies reporting 101,552 cases of total ankle arthroplasty in 101,177 patients were included. The most common patient-related risk factor associated with poorer outcomes were younger age (21 studies), rheumatoid arthritis (17 studies) and diabetes (16 studies). Of the studies using multivariate regression specifically, the most frequently described risk factors were younger age (12 studies), rheumatoid arthritis (8 studies) and diabetes (8 studies). Conclusion: When controlling for cofounding factors, the most commonly reported risk factors are younger age, rheumatoid arthritis and co-morbidities such as diabetes and smoking. These patient-related risk factors reported may be used to facilitate the refinement of patient selection criteria for total ankle arthroplasty and inform patient expectations.