bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste Management and Waste Disposal Detected by Combination of Analytical Methods: Late Bronze Age Březnice Settlement Site (South Bohemia)
Authors: Šálková Tereza , Budilová Kristýna , Kovárník Jaromír , Majer Antonín , Novák Jan , Pavelka Jaroslav , Strouhalová Barbora , Vobejda Libor , Šťastný Ondřej , Kuna Martin , Chvojka Ondřej 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWaste disposal processes and landfill management are crucial subjects in the field of settlement archaeology. Our study is focused on understanding the processes that are connected to the formation of the infills of settlement features and the recycling of the building materials (daub and wood) and waste management. These research questions are addressed through the analysis of plant macroremains, charcoals, phytoliths, starch, micromorphology, phosphates and magnetic susceptibility. The results show the waste character of feature infills, which reflect the economy of the individual households. The composition of the archaeobotanical assemblages is not influenced by the type of feature, and similarities in the plant spectra often emerge in the features located close to each other. The charcoal and dendrochronological analyses suggest that part of the building's oak timber was recycled and later used as fuelwood. The presence of uncharred remains of vegetative and generative parts in wastes was detected by phytolith and starch analyses and the presence of meat and dung of livestock by animal protein analyses. Anomalies in soil phosphate indicate differing amounts of organic matter in individual features. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that each feature infill was formed in a one‐time event. The sedimentological analysis demonstrated that the infills of different types of features were similar, but only the infill of Late and Final Bronze Age cultures' specific trench‐like features was compacted. All proxies combined suggest that prior deposition of waste in sunken features first accumulated elsewhere and became mixed/homogenized.
Health information behavior during the life transition among people diagnosed with hypothyroidism
Authors: Pääaho Varpu , Huttunen Aira 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBeing diagnosed with a chronic illness can lead to a life transition that invokes new kinds of information behavior for an individual. This qualitative study focuses on information behavior—particularly information needs, use, and barriers—during the life transitions of people diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Ten interviews were conducted in 2022 with individuals who were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Based on the intermediate transitions theory by I. Ruthven, 2022 (An information behavior theory of transitions. Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, 73(4), 579–593), the process of transition includes phases of understanding, negotiating, and resolving, as well as processes of event, engaging, enacting, and establishing. Based on the findings, information needs, use, and barriers varied according to the stage of disease and in different stages of a life transition. Interviewees had a wide range of information needs related to disease and diagnosis, treatment balance, and disease monitoring. Information use included the promotion of personal well‐being through physical activity and improvement of information‐seeking skills. The most significant barriers to information acquisition included communication issues with health care providers and symptoms of hypothyroidism such as fatigue and brain fog. For information providers, the results provide important knowledge on information behavior during a life transition related to a chronic illness.
Sociodemographic landscape of suspected prostate cancer referrals and diagnoses across North East London
Authors: Haider Muhammad , Leow Jeffrey J. , Green James S. A. , Dhillon Chamkhor , Wong Angela S. , Zhou Yin , Paparini Sara , Lamb Benjamin W. , Rajan Prabhakar ,   for the North East London Cancer Alliance Urology Expert Reference Group
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to identify healthcare inequities in referrals and diagnoses of suspected prostate cancer (PCa) in an ethnically diverse and socially deprived large urban region.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 2‐Week Wait (2WW) suspected PCa patients (n = 12 947) referred to two acute NHS Trusts in North East London (NEL) from February 2019 to August 2023. Sociodemographics, diagnosis and pretreatment staging data were collected from patient records. We examined referral and diagnosis statistics, age at referral, radiological T‐stage at diagnosis, levels of deprivation by ethnicity and the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdowns on proportion of referrals and diagnoses by ethnicity and T‐stage at diagnosis. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of locally advanced (T‐stage ≥T3) disease.ResultsOf all referrals, 22% were diagnosed with PCa. There were no statistically significant differences in referrals, diagnoses or T‐stage of PCa by ethnicity during COVID lockdown versus non‐lockdown periods (p > 0.05). Compared to men from any other ethnicity, Black men (from Black British, Black African and Black Caribbean ethnic groups) were diagnosed at a younger age (mean = 65 years), had the highest age‐adjusted PCa incidence rate of 149 per 100 000 person‐years, were from the most deprived backgrounds, and were diagnosed with the highest proportion of localised PCa (74%). Multivariable analysis of a patient subgroup revealed age bands 71–80 years (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.31–3.07) and >80 (OR 4.27, 95% CI 2.25–8.08) as independent positive predictors of locally advanced PCa, and Black ethnicity as an independent predictor of localised disease (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43–1.00). Limitations of this study include the exclusion of PCa cases diagnosed outside the 2WW pathway, as well as missing data on Prostate‐Specific Antigen (PSA) levels, distant radiological staging and histopathological findings.ConclusionWe identify disparities in PCa incidence, stage and age at presentation, as well as socio‐economic deprivation among Black men in NEL. Targeted efforts are needed to mitigate these healthcare inequities.
Portable Helios Reader for an Unknown Dose Recovery Procedures From KCl Dietary Supplements Using the Luminescence Method
Authors: Szufa Katarzyna  Maria , Majgier Renata 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDuring unexpected accidents involving ionizing radiation, quick assessments of doses to public exposed to hazard conditions are crucial. For this purpose, selected household materials can be used as radiation detectors by combining them with a portable reading device. Potassium dietary supplements based on potassium chloride in combination with a portable luminescence reader can be a promising dosimetry tool in such emergency situations. In the paper, results of unknown dose reconstruction based on tablets and pills with granules using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method are presented. Some OSL properties were examined: reproducibility of OSL as standard deviation of the OSL or sensitization of samples. Reconstructed doses were compared with dose delivered to BeO detectors. The results obtained for tablets were similar to BeO doses, while pill doses were differential, up to 37%. Overall reconstructed doses were on the same order of magnitude as BeO ones. The measurements were conducted using portable Helios reader due to its ability to measure samples of various shapes and sizes, which is not possible in other OSL reader. The development of mobile readers for emergency use is important because they enable rapid dose assessment on‐site without the need for lengthy and expensive laboratory procedures.
Radical‐Trapping and Hydroperoxide‐Decomposing Benzoselenazole Antioxidants with Potential Biological Applications against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Sodhi Nikhil , Sethi Palak , Mundlia Poonam , Singh Suraj P. , Barnwal Ravi P. , Khajuria Akhil , Singh Gurpal , Baschieri Andrea , Amorati Riccardo , Sahakyan Adrine D. , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe synthesis of phenolic benzoselenazoles has been described. These were synthesized from their corresponding diselenides and aldehydes using acetic acid as a catalyst. All compounds have been tested for glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like antioxidant activity in thiophenol assay. Radical‐trapping antioxidant (RTA) activity of benzoselenazoles towards ROO⋅ radicals has been studied for the inhibition of autoxidation of cumene in chlorobenzene from the O2‐consumption during the inhibited period. Compound 13 c was found to inhibit azo‐initiated oxidation of cumene with a stoichiometric factor (n) ≃2.2. This study also suggested some insights into the substitution‐dependent activity of anilides over phenols as effective radical‐trapping antioxidants. Moreover, the zone of inhibition study corroborated the antimicrobial potential of benzoselenazole antioxidants against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Anti‐biofilm activities were portrayed against the production of biofilms by B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. MDA‐MB‐231 cell line was selected for triple‐negative breast carcinoma for in vitro cytotoxicity of all antioxidants using the MTT assay. Additionally, the interaction patterns of antioxidants with target proteins of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa were demonstrated using molecular docking study. Molecular dynamics simulations were deployed to investigate the structural dynamics and the stability of the complex.
Two Cases of Plasmablastic Myeloma Mimicking Plasmablastic Lymphoma With In‐Depth Review of Literature
Authors: Kitamura Sakiko , Morichika Kazuho , Nakachi Sawako , Hanashiro Taeko , Miyagi Riko , Nakajima Tomo , Nishi Yukiko , Tamaki Keita , Fukushima Takuya , Masuzaki Hiroaki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlasmablastic myeloma (PBM) is a rare, aggressive subtype of multiple myeloma (MM) with poor prognosis. On the other hand, plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma with a plasmacytic phenotype. Importantly, PBM is difficult to distinguish from PBL, because clinical features of both diseases closely overlap. We report two cases of PBM accompanied by apparent extramedullary lesions.CaseCase 1: A 38‐year‐old female complained of fatigue. She presented with pancytopenia, splenomegaly, a soft tissue lesion over the chest wall, and multiple osteolytic lesions. Initially, pathology of the soft tissue established a diagnosis of PBL. She received two cycles of EPOCH, leading to considerable improvement. She then received daratumumab (Dara) and lenalidomide, achieving remission for two years. Case 2: A 60‐year‐old male was evaluated for multiple tumors of the pancreas and retroperitoneum. A biopsy of the pancreatic tumor identified plasmacytoid cells, whereas a biopsy of the bone marrow showed no evidence of plasma cells. Therefore, he was initially diagnosed as having multiple plasmacytomas and received 3 cycles of chemotherapy with bortezomib (Bor), lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, but in vain. Once Bor was replaced to Dara, he rapidly developed panperitonitis and ascites filled with plasmablasts and eventually died of multiple organ failure.ConclusionAs there is no standard treatment for PBM, our cases raise a possibility that combination therapy with anti‐myeloma and anti‐lymphoma regimens may provide better outcomes. In addition, the Ki‐67 proliferation index would be a useful tool to diagnose PBM.
Walk‐and‐Talk Therapy Versus Conventional Indoor Therapy for Men With Low Mood: A Randomised Pilot Study
Authors: Dickmeyer Andrea , Smith Jordan J. , Halpin Sean , McMullen Stacey , Drew Ryan , Morgan Philip , Valkenborghs Sarah , Kay‐Lambkin Frances , Young Myles D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhile psychotherapy is effective for treating depression, men are less likely than women to attend and more likely to drop out. The value of alternative therapeutic approaches for men needs to be investigated. In this randomised pilot trial, we investigated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of outdoor ‘walk‐and‐talk’ therapy compared to conventional indoor therapy for 37 men with low mood (mean [SD] PHQ‐9 score = 11.4 [5.0]; mean [SD] age = 44.1 [15.8] years). Over 6 weeks at the University of Newcastle participants received weekly 60‐min sessions delivered (i) while walking along a 4‐km route on campus or (ii) indoors in a psychology clinic, delivered by provisional psychologists using non‐directive supportive counselling. Outcomes included validated measures of depression, anxiety, stress and overall psychological distress, male‐type depression, mental well‐being, behavioural activation and therapeutic alliance. At post‐intervention, all pre‐registered feasibility benchmarks were exceeded including recruitment capability, retention (89%), average attendance (walk‐and‐talk: 91%, indoor: 89%), proportion of sessions delivered in intended setting (walk‐and‐talk: 100%, indoor: 98%) and overall perceived acceptability of the therapy (walk‐and‐talk: 4.4/5, indoor: 4.2/5, where 1 = poor and 5 = excellent). Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated both groups achieved similar improvements in depressive symptoms (d = −0.02), but the walk‐and‐talk group reported greater improvements in overall psychological distress (d = −0.5), anxiety (d = −0.4) and stress (d = −0.7). In contrast, male‐type depression improved more in the conventional indoor group (d = 0.6). Other outcomes were comparable between groups. Results indicate that walk‐and‐talk therapy may be acceptable and effective for men with depression. A powered trial to interrogate these effects and identify moderators of effectiveness is warranted.Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12622001318774.
Stable Na+ Ion Storage via Dual Active Sites Utilization in Covalent Organic Framework‐Carbon Nanotube Composite
Authors: Dey Anupam , Pramanik Atin , Purohit Sougat , Biswas Sandip , Chattopadhyay Shreyasi , Pieshkov Tymofii S. , Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRedox‐active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with metal binding sites are increasingly recognized for developing cost‐effective, eco‐friendly organic electrodes in rechargeable energy storage devices. Here, we report a microwave‐assisted synthesis and characterization of a triazine‐based polyimide COF that features dual redox‐active sites (−C=O from pyromellitic and −C=N− from triazine) and COF@CNT nanocomposites (COF@CNT‐X, where X=10, 30, and 50 wt % of NH2‐MWCNT) formed through covalent linking with amino‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. These composites are evaluated as cathode materials for the sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The amine functionalization renders the covalent bond between COF and CNT, improving electronic conductivity, structural rigidity, and long‐term stability. The interfacial growth of COF layers on CNTs increases accessible redox‐active sites, enhancing sodium diffusion kinetics during sodiation/desodiation. The COF@CNT‐50 composite exhibits outstanding Na+ ion storage performance (reversible capacity of 164.3 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1) and excellent stability over 1000 cycles at ambient temperature. At elevated temperature (65 °C), it also maintains good capacity and cycle stability. Ex situ XPS analysis confirms the importance of dual active sites in the Na+ diffusion mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal insights into Na+ binding sites and corresponding binding energies into COF structure, elucidating the experimental storage capacity and voltage profile.
Improving population analysis using indirect count data: A case study of chimpanzees and elephants
Authors: Ayebare Samuel , Gilbert Neil A. , Plumptre Andrew J. , Nampindo Simon , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEstimating spatiotemporal patterns of population density is a primary objective of wildlife monitoring programs. However, estimating density is challenging for species that are elusive and/or occur in habitats with limited visibility. In such situations, indirect measures (e.g., nests, dung) can serve as proxies for counts of individuals. Scientists have developed approaches to estimate population density using these “indirect count” data, although current methods do not adequately account for variation in sign production and spatial patterns of animal density. In this study, we describe a modified hierarchical distance sampling model that maximizes the information content of indirect count data using Bayesian inference. We apply our model to assess the status of chimpanzee and elephant populations using counts of nests and dung, respectively, which were collected along transects in 2007 and 2021 in western Uganda. Compared with conventional methods, our modeling framework produced more precise estimates of covariate effects on expected animal density by accounting for both long‐term and recent variations in animal abundance and enabled the estimation of the number of days that animal signs remained visible. We estimated a 0.98 probability that chimpanzee density in the region had declined by at least 10% and a 0.99 probability that elephant density had increased by 50% from 2007 to 2021. We recommend applying our modified hierarchical distance sampling model in the analysis of indirect count data to account for spatial variation in animal density, assess population change between survey periods, estimate the decay rate of animal signs, and obtain more precise density estimates than achievable with traditional methods.
Evolution of the vaquita/totoaba socio‐ecological system in the Upper Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez‐Valencia J. Alejandro , Fueyo‐Mac Donald Luis , Cisneros‐Mata Miguel Á. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Upper Gulf of California (UGC) hosts a rich marine biodiversity. Complex climatic processes generate high biological productivity enabling the use of resources in a complex socio‐ecological processes (SEPs). Through a literature review, evolution and aggravation of the SEP over 50 years are analyzed. The crisis peaked in the last decade related to vaquita, an endangered marine porpoise at the blink of extinction, and the illegal catch of totoaba, an endangered fish species, both endemic. Over the first three decades, stakeholders defined positions, while disorder in fisheries and reduction of vaquita population occurred. Corrective actions were implemented during the last two decades including diversification of markets for local fisheries, development of fishing technologies, and environmental regulations. Most actions failed, consolidating an ill governance aggravated by poaching of totoaba and drug trafficking. The evolution of the conflict includes (1) transition from community passivity to conservation efforts, to resistance and collective violence against them; (2) transition in the design and implementation of conservation actions from civil organizations to the government, facilitated by the disengagement of philanthropic donors for conservation, and reduction of support for civil organizations; (3) interventions by the Mexican Navy coordinated with the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society; and (4) weakening of the International Committee for the Recovery of Vaquita an international scientific moral authority to propose vaquita conservation. The federal government and the local fishing sector currently discuss scenarios that aim to authorize use of driftnets and gillnets, contrasting with the predominant conservation logic.
Misreading or living in denial? Reindeer overstocking and long‐term effects on vegetation: An experimental approach
Authors: Bårdsen Bård‐Jørgen , Tømmervik Hans , Næss Marius Warg , Bjerke Jarle Werner 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn an era marked by accelerating climate change, habitat loss, and shifting land use patterns, it is crucial to understand the intricate effects of multiple stressors on ecosystems. This long‐term study sheds light on the complex interplay between grazing and habitat characteristics on pasture dynamics and offers insights into how various stressors affect ecosystems facing environmental challenges. Our experimental study documents that manipulation in restricting reindeer grazing and trampling through fencing led to higher ground‐lichen biomass, volume, height (particularly in one habitat), and cover compared with open‐control plots. The effect of fencing varied depending on habitat, and for lichen biomass, volume, and height, the lowest values were observed in windswept exposed ridges and mountain heaths (exposed/mountain), and the highest values were observed in forested and leeward‐heath (forest/leeward) habitat. The average (past five years) number of reindeer per square kilometer had indirect effects that varied across habitats. We observed negative density dependence in the open plots for height in the exposed/mountain habitats. Fencing reduced this effect, which was also valid for biomass except that habitat did not affect the effect of density. Surprisingly, in the forest/leeward areas, the estimated effects of reindeer density on biomass, volume, and height were positive for the fenced plots. Negative density dependence was evident for lichen cover irrespective of habitats and manipulation, even though this effect had little biological significance, whereas cover at the initiation of the experiment positively affected later recordings (particularly for the controls). Our models showed high explanatory power, highlighting the significance of reindeer density and habitat as predictors of ground‐lichen dynamics. Overall, negative density‐dependent effects were observed in the open plots in the most exposed areas, and fencing mitigated the negative impact of reindeer on lichens, particularly in less exposed areas. We challenge the “equilibrium” and “nonequilibrium” frameworks for explaining livestock‐pasture dynamics. We propose future studies to estimate the relative importance of density‐dependent and density‐independent factors, such as climate, using models considering both mechanisms simultaneously.