bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: Ferumoxide‐enhanced MR imaging as a tiebreaker
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Kanematsu Masayuki , Kondo Hiroshi , Osada Shinji , Goshima Satoshi , Yamada Tetsuya , Yamada Yasuhiro , Yokoyama Ryujiro , Hoshi Hiroaki , Moriyama Noriyuki 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe examined a 70‐year‐old male patient with an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver mimicking a peripheral‐type cholangiocellular carcinoma. Ferumoxide‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed residual Kupffer cell function in liver parenchyma in and surrounding the inflammatory pseudotumor involvement, which suggested the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. We correlate the MR imaging and pathologic findings in this report. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:501–505. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative 1H‐MRS of healthy human cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus: Metabolite concentrations, quantification precision, and reproducibility
Authors: Geurts Jeroen J.G. , Barkhof Frederik , Castelijns Jonas A. , Uitdehaag Bernard M.J. , Polman Chris H. , Pouwels Petra J.W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate metabolite concentrations in cortical gray matter, hippocampus, and thalamus of healthy adults, and to investigate precision and reproducibility of quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) in these gray matter regions.Materials and MethodsQuantitative single‐voxel short echo‐time spectra were obtained from healthy human cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. Subjects were examined twice. Metabolite concentrations, quantification precision, and reproducibility were determined.ResultsThere were no significant differences between test and retest measurements. Regional differences were observed with respect to metabolite concentrations, quantification precision, and reproducibility. Quantification precision and reproducibility of N‐acetylaspartate and N‐acetyl aspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), choline‐containing compounds (Cho), and myo‐inositol (myo‐Ins), were better than those of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln). Generally, precision and reproducibility were better in cortex than in hippocampus or thalamus. The quantification precision was shown to correlate both with reproducibility and spectral linewidth.ConclusionThe reliability of quantitative MRS depends on the metabolite concerned, its concentration, and on the brain area studied. Moreover, the quantification precision of a metabolite in a single spectrum appears to be a reliable measure for its reproducibility in a longitudinal study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:366–371. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uterine peristalsis: Comparison of transvaginal ultrasound and two different sequences of cine MR imaging
Authors: Nakai Asako , Togashi Kaori , Kosaka Kenzo , Kido Aki , Hiraga Akira , Fujiwara Toshitaka , Koyama Takashi , Fujii Shingo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare uterine peristalsis as seen on two different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), so as to better determine the best method for evaluating uterine peristalsis.Materials and MethodsEleven women in the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle underwent TVUS and cine MR imaging within a time period of three hours. Findings on cine MR images obtained with a serial 60 half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) sequence and a 300 true fast imaging with steady‐state precession (FISP) sequence were compared with TVUS.ResultsThe image quality of the HASTE technique was the best among the three methods, followed by TVUS, and then true FISP technique (P < 0.001). Uterine peristalsis was detected in 100% of subjects using HASTE, 82% with True FISP, and 100% with TVUS. With HASTE technique, true FISP, and TVUS, respectively, endometrial stripping movement was identified in 100%, 82%, and 100%; direction was identified in 100%, 45% (P = 0.014), and 73%; and wave conduction toward the outer myometrium was identified in 55%, 9% (P = 0.025), and 0% (P = 0.014).ConclusionCine MR imaging by HASTE technique with a time resolution of two seconds best delineated uterine peristalsis compared to that by true FISP technique or with TVUS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:463–469. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free‐breathing, three‐dimensional coronary artery magnetic resonance angiography: Comparison of sequences
Authors: Weber Oliver M. , Pujadas Sandra , Martin Alastair J. , Higgins Charles B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare six free‐breathing, three‐dimensional, magnetization‐prepared coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequences.Materials and MethodsSix bright‐blood sequences were evaluated: Cartesian segmented gradient echo (C‐SGE), radial SGE (R‐SGE), spiral SGE (S‐SGE), spiral gradient echo (S‐GE), Cartesian steady‐state free precession (C‐SSFP), and radial SSFP (R‐SSFP). The right coronary artery (RCA) was imaged in 10 healthy volunteers using all six sequences in randomized order. Images were evaluated by two observers with respect to signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), visible vessel length, vessel edge sharpness, and vessel diameter.ResultsC‐SSFP depicted RCA over the longest distance with high vessel sharpness, good SNR, and excellent background suppression. S‐GE provided best SNR and CNR in proximal segments, but more vessel blurring and poorer background suppression, resulting in poor visualization of distal segments. R‐SSFP images showed good background suppression and best vessel sharpness, but only moderate SNR. C‐SGE provided good SNR and reasonable CNR, but lowest vessel sharpness. S‐SGE and R‐SGE visualized the RCA over the smallest distance, mostly due to vessel blurring and low SNR, respectively.ConclusionOverall, Cartesian SSFP provided the best image quality with excellent vessel sharpness, visualization of long vessel segments, and good SNR and CNR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:395–402. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weight‐bearing MRI of patellofemoral joint cartilage contact area
Authors: Gold Garry E. , Besier Thor F. , Draper Christine E. , Asakawa Deanna S. , Delp Scott L. , Beaupre Gary S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo measure contact area of cartilage in the patellofemoral joint during weight bearing using an open MRI scanner.Materials and MethodsWe developed an MR‐compatible back support that allows three‐dimensional imaging of the patellofemoral cartilage under physiologic weight‐bearing conditions with negligible motion artifact in an open MRI scanner. To measure contact areas, we trained observers using a phantom of known area and tested intra‐ and interobserver variability. We measured in vivo contact areas between the patella and femoral cartilage with the knee in 30 degrees of flexion, loaded and unloaded, in six volunteers.ResultsWe were able to measure the contact area of the patellofemoral cartilage with small interobserver (CV 7.0%) and intraobserver (CV 3.0%) variation. At 30 degrees of knee flexion, mean contact area increased from 400 mm2 (unloaded) to 522 mm2 (loaded to 0.45 times body weight per leg).ConclusionUsing an open magnet and specially designed apparatus, it is possible to image the patellar cartilage during physiologic loading. Knowledge of patellar cartilage contact area is needed to assess patellofemoral stress, which may be increased in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:526–530. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of T1ρ with fixed charge density in cartilage
Authors: Wheaton Andrew J. , Casey Francis L. , Gougoutas Alexander J. , Dodge George R. , Borthakur Arijitt , Lonner Jess H. , Schumacher H. Ralph , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo establish the specificity of T1ρ with respect to fixed charge density (FCD) as a measure of proteoglycan (PG) content in cartilage during the onset of osteoarthritis (OA).Materials and MethodsT1ρ‐weighted and sodium MRI were performed on cartilage samples of enzymatically degraded bovine explants and natural osteoarthritic human samples representing controlled and physiological models of OA, respectively. Spatial maps of T1ρ and FCD (measured using the previously validated method of sodium MRI) were calculated from image data. Data were extracted from the maps and subjected to linear regression to compare changes in T1ρ with changes in FCD in each model. Tissue samples were subjected to histological staining for a reduction in PG content.ResultsPlots of normalized T1ρ rate vs. FCD were found to be strongly correlated (R2 > 0.75 and 0.85) in both models with nearly the same slope of ≈1/2 (P > 0.51). Loss of PG in bovine and human tissue was confirmed by histology.ConclusionThe strong correlation of the FCD and T1ρ data in both the controlled and physiological models demonstrates that changes in T1ρ are due predominantly to changes in PG content. This work is a first step in establishing T1ρ as a method of quantifying PG changes in early‐stage OA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:519–525. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus genotype D strains from Estonia share sequence similarity with strains from Siberia and May specify ayw4
Authors: Tallo Tatjana , Norder Helene , Tefanova Valentina , Krispin Tõnu , Priimägi Ludmilla , Mukomolov Sergey , Mikhailov Mikhail , Magnius Lars O. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe genotypes and subtypes of 205 HBV isolates collected during 1989–2002 in Estonia and 14 other regions of the former USSR were determined by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the S gene. The in Europe prevailing genotypes, A and D, were also circulating in the whole territory of the former USSR including Estonia and accounted for 18.5 and 81% of the strains, respectively. All genotype A strains specified adw2, and a single genotype C strain specified adrq+. Most genotype D strains specified ayw3 and ayw2, although, three strains from Estonia and Siberia specified ayw4. Due to unique substitutions, Ser122 and Ala127, four strains could not be classified according to the subtype. One strain specifying ayw3 encoded Leu143 and Ala145 and was possibly an immune “escape” mutant. At phylogenetic analysis 93% of the Estonian genotype D strains belonged to a cluster specifying mainly ayw3 and were more similar to isolates from Siberia and the Far‐East of Russia than to isolates originating from Central Russia which belonged to another cluster of strains specifying mainly ayw2. This pattern might be explained by part of the Estonian population, has roots east of European Russia, based on linguistic evidence. Eight dominant HBV strains represented by identical S gene sequences were identified, one within genotype A and seven within genotype D, three of which included isolates from Estonia and Siberia. Some of these strains were collected over a period of at least 13 years indicating there are genetically stable variants of HBV that remain conserved over decades. J. Med. Virol. 74:221–227, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran as reflected by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B region
Authors: Samimi‐Rad Katayoun , Nategh Rakhshandeh , Malekzadeh Reza , Norder Helene , Magnius Lars 
Published: August 2004

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes were determined in 125 Iranian patients by phylogenetic analysis within the NS5B or 5′‐UTR/core regions. Subtypes 1a and 3a were predominant accounting for 47 and 36%, whereas 1b and 4 accounted for 8 and 7%. This subtype distribution differs from that of Turkey and Pakistan, where subtypes 1b and 3a dominate and also from neighbouring Arabic countries where subtype 4 is the prevalent genotype. The Iranian 1a and 3a strains formed subclusters in the dendrogram indicating that these subtypes are indigenous to Iran. In contrast, the 1b strains intermixed with strains derived worldwide. Subtype 1a was frequent in South Iran (70%), while 3a was more prevalent in North‐West Iran (83%), a region with a high proportion of Turkish inhabitants. Patients infected by blood products had more frequently subtype 1a (57%), while younger drug users had more frequently subtype 3a (54%). Genotype 4 was over‐represented among haemodialysis patients in Tehran. One strain, most similar to genotype 5, was highly divergent in the NS5B region and further analysis is needed to assess the systematic status of this strain. In half of the patients with unknown source of infection only the 5′‐UTR could be amplified, most of which were from North‐West Iran and from patients younger than those with unknown source of infection with typable strains, mean age 29 versus 43 years. In conclusion, the NS5B sequence data revealed population based subtype patterns in Iran, the further study of which may help to understand the molecular epidemiology of HCV in a low‐endemic area. J. Med. Virol. 74:246–252, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐HSV activity of lactoferrin and lactoferricin is dependent on the presence of heparan sulphate at the cell surface
Authors: Andersen Jeanette H. , Jenssen Håvard , Sandvik Kjersti , Gutteberg Tore J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractLactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, which plays an important role in immune regulation and defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is a potent antimicrobial peptide generated from the N‐terminal part of LF by pepsin cleavage. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the anti‐herpes simplex virus (anti‐HSV) activity of LF and Lfcin. The results demonstrated that LF and Lfcin inhibited the entry of HSV into Vero cells. LF had no effect against HSV after the virus had entered the cells, while Lfcin exerted antiviral activity also after the initial binding of the virus to the host cell. The distribution of LF and Lfcin in the cells was investigated by immunogold‐labeling and transmission electron microscope (TEM). LF was found mainly at the cell surface in cells expressing heparan sulphate. Lfcin was randomly distributed intracellularly. LF must be present at the cell surface to exert antiviral activity, while Lfcin exert its antiviral activity also when found mainly intracellularly. Both LF and Lfcin were dependent on the presence of heparan sulphate at the cell surface to exert their antiviral activity. J. Med. Virol. 74:262–271, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High frequency of selection of K65R and Q151M mutations in HIV‐2 infected patients receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors containing regimen
Authors: Descamps Diane , Damond Florence , Matheron Sophie , Collin Gilles , Campa Pauline , Delarue Severine , Pueyo Sophie , Chêne Genevieve , Brun‐Vézinet Francoise ,   the French ANRS HIV‐2 Cohort Study Group
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine retrospectively which substitutions in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene are selected in vivo during nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI) containing regimen in HIV‐2 infected subjects. Thirty‐four HIV‐2 patients having received NRTI‐containing regimen with available specimens and amplifiable RT gene were studied. Analyses of RT gene were undertaken after a median NRTI exposure of 51 months (range: 5–128). Mutations at positions known to be involved in HIV‐1 resistance were observed in 26/34 patients. Selection of Q151M mutation was observed in nine out of 34 isolates (26%) after a median NRTIs exposure of 41 months (range: 12–77). In 8/9 cases, Q151M mutation was associated with other substitutions at positions known to be involved in HIV‐1 resistance: K65R (n = 6), D67N (n = 1), N69S or T (n = 2), K70R (n = 3), M184V (n = 4), S215Y (n = 1). Compared with HIV‐1 infection, there is a high frequency of selection of Q151M mutation in HIV‐2 infected patients receiving various combinations of NRTIs. In these highly thymidine analogue pretreated patients, the selection of thymidine analogue mutations was low suggesting that the pathway to resistance is very different between these two viruses. J. Med. Virol. 74:197–201, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of precore/core promoter mutations in hepatitis B carriers with hepatitis B e antigen seroreversion
Authors: Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Pei‐Jer , Lai Ming‐Yang , Kao Jia‐Horng , Chen Ding‐Shinn 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe evolution of precore stop codon mutation (A1896) and dinucleotide mutation (T1762/A1764) in the basic core promoter (BCP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome during transient seroconversion and seroreversion of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) remains unclarified. Five HBeAg‐positive HBV carriers who experienced transient seroconversion followed by seroreversion of HBeAg (Group I, 3.3%) and 3 HBeAg‐negative HBV carriers with documented reversion of HBeAg (Group II, 2.5%) in a prospective cohort of 272 patients with chronic hepatitis B were thus identified. The sequential changes at the precore nucleotide 1896 and BCP dinucleotide 1762/1764 were determined by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. At enrollement, precore A1896 and BCP T1762/A1764 were noted in 4 (50%) and 1 (13%) of the eight patients. During a median follow‐up period of 58 months (range: 31–76 months), 12 episodes of transient HBeAg seroconversion followed by seroreversion were encountered in Group I patients and 3 episodes of HBeAg seroreversion in Group II patients. Accompanying acute exacerbations were found in two‐thirds of patients with either HBeAg seroconversion or seroreversion. Overall, precore nucleotide A1896 remained identical in 73% and 83% of the seroconversion and seroreversion events, respectively. BCP dinucleotide T1762/A1764 remained unchanged in 94% and 92% of the seroconversion and seroreversion events, respectively. At the end of follow‐up, only one had both precore and BCP mutations. In conclusion, these data suggested that HBeAg seroreversion might be due to the lack of sustained precore and BCP mutations after HBeAg seroconversion. Although uncommon, HBeAg seroreversion can be associated with hepatitis exacerbation. J. Med. Virol. 74:237–245, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal trends in the HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia: Predominance of subtype A
Authors: Bobkov Aleksei F. , Kazennova Elena V. , Selimova Ludmila M. , Khanina Tatyana A. , Ryabov Grigory S. , Bobkova Marina R. , Sukhanova Anna L. , Kravchenko Aleksei V. , Ladnaya Natalia N. , Weber Jonathan N. , Pokrovsky Vadim V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDuring the period 1996–1997, three highly homogeneous variants of HIV‐1 were identified, circulating among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the former Soviet Union republics. One of these belonged to HIV‐1 genetic subtype A (IDU‐A), another belonged to HIV‐1 genetic subtype B (IDU‐B) and the third was a recombinant between the first two variants (CRF03_AB). However, since 1997, the HIV‐1 epidemic has affected an increasing number of geographic regions in Russia. This study was undertaken to survey the prevailing genetic variants and to estimate the current proportions of these three HIV‐1 genetic subtypes in Russia. Blood samples were taken in 1999–2003 from 1090 HIV‐infected individuals and analysed by gag/env HMA. The IDU‐A variant was found to be the majority variant (89.7–100%) in 44 of 45 regions of the Russian Federation studied. The IDU‐A variant was also found to spreading rapidly through heterosexual transmission in 1999–2003 (30/34, 88%). CRF03_AB predominates in the Kaliningrad region only (28/29, 96.6%). The IDU‐B variant is currently of minor importance in the IDU epidemic but other European subtype B variants predominate among men having sex with men (18/18, 100%). Sequence analysis of the env V3 encoding regions derived from HIV‐1 infected individuals in Yekaterinburg (the main centre of the HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia in 2002–2003) showed that the IDU‐A variant is still highly homogeneous. The mean pairwise nucleotide distance (n = 9) was 2.89 ± 1.14 (range 1.36–6.14). However, the mean genetic distance between each sequence within the samples collected from the Yekaterinburg IDU‐A variant subset and the IDU‐A consensus is 2.51 ± 1.06 (range 1.36–4.66) and considerably higher than in South Russia in 1996 (0.79 ± 0.51, range 0.38–1.90). The current HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia is almost entirely caused by a highly homogeneous A‐subtype strain, which will influence vaccine development strategies and must be taken into account in the quality control of molecular tests for the diagnosis of HIV‐1. J. Med. Virol. 74:191–196, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in Kilifi district, Kenya
Authors: Scott Paul D. , Ochola Rachel , Ngama Mwanajuma , Okiro Emelda A. , Nokes D. James , Medley Graham F. , Cane Patricia A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant burden of disease during infancy and childhood. This study examined the genetic relatedness of RSV positive samples from child inpatients and outpatients and a birth cohort from a rural coastal district of Kenya and also the distribution of strains between these three groups. Clinical samples were collected over a 4‐year period in Kilifi District, Kenya from community and hospital surveillance. Three hundred ninety seven of 1,044 nasal specimens from children (under 5 years old) attending Kilifi District Hospital, and from community‐monitored infants, were positive for RSV by multiplex RT‐PCR. Of these, 376 samples were analysed further by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the nucleocapsid (N) and attachment (G) protein genes. The G gene was sequenced for 109 samples and phylogenetic analysis carried out. The group A samples from Kilifi fell into two clusters based on G gene sequences, while only one group B cluster was observed. One RSV‐B sample from 2003 demonstrated the presence of a 60‐nucleotide duplication within the G gene, clustering with similar isolates from Buenos Aries from 1999. All had similar sequences to isolates from the UK, USA, Spain, or Uruguay. The Kilifi District samples showed greater than 97% homology to isolates from South Africa and Mozambique and 91–94% homology to isolates from The Gambia. Samples from different sources, clearly differing in disease severity, did not differ in genotype characteristics, suggesting that disease causing variants are a general reflection of infections within this community. J. Med. Virol. 74:344–354, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐species hybridization: Characterization of gene expression in woodchuck liver using human membrane arrays
Authors: Rinaudo Jo Ann Spiewak , Gerin John L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTotal RNA from normal adult woodchucks was analyzed using membrane arrays containing human cDNA clones, and the gene expression patterns were compared to human liver. Various hybridization and wash conditions were examined. In both the woodchuck and human livers, 352 genes were identified as highly expressed (Z‐scores ≥1.96). These genes represented numerous liver functions: transcription, RNA processing, signal transduction, protein synthesis and degradation, as well as enzymes. Several genes were selected and expression was verified by Northern blots for woodchuck liver. There were no false positives but 29 genes were identified as false negatives, expressed only in human liver. Possible reasons for these false negatives were the length and percentage of homology between the two species, differences in the distribution and types of mismatches, and the sequence region spotted on the array. These were assessed by examining expression of the transferrin gene in both species. A 200‐fold range of RNA concentration (0.1–20 μg total RNA) was also examined and the optimal RNA concentration was determined to be 5 μg. Membranes were capable of being hybridized and reprobed at least five times. The study demonstrates that cross‐species hybridization is a valid method for identifying gene expression in woodchuck liver. J. Med. Virol. 74:300–313, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.