bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pregnane X Receptor Regulates Gene Expression in a Ligand- and Promoter- Selective Fashion
Authors: Masuyama Hisashi , Suwaki Naoko , Tateishi Yoko , Nakatsukasa Hideki , Segawa Tomonori , Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that pregnane X receptor (PXR) can function as a master regulator to control the expression of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, as well as members of the drug transporter family, including multiple drug resistance (MDR) 1, which has a major role in multidrug resistance. Previously, we have demonstrated that steroid/xenobiotics metabolism by tumor tissue through the PXR-cytochrome P-450 3A (CYP3A) pathway might play an important role in endometrial cancer. In this study, we examined which endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and anticancer agents might be ligands for PXR and whether these chemicals enhanced PXR-mediated transcription through two different PXR-responsive elements (PXREs), CYP3A4 and MDR1, in endometrial cancer cell lines. Some steroids/EDCs strongly activated PXR-mediated transcription through the CYP3A4-responsive element compared with the MDR1-responsive element, whereas these steroids/EDCs also enhanced the CYP3A4 expression compared with the MDR1 expression. In contrast, the anticancer agents, cisplatin and paclitaxel, strongly activated PXR-mediated transcription through the MDR1-responsive element compared with the CYP3A4-responsive element, whereas these drugs also enhanced the MDR1 expression compared with the CYP3A4 expression. We also analyzed how these ligands regulated PXR-mediated transcription through two different PXREs. In the presence of PXR ligands, there was no difference in the DNA binding affinity of the PXR/retinoid X recptor heterodimer to each PXRE, but there were different interactions of the coactivator to each PXR/PXRE complex. These data suggested that PXR ligands enhanced PXR-mediated transcription in a ligand- and promoter-dependent fashion, which in turn differentially regulated the expression of individual PXR targets, especially CYP3A4 and MDR1.
Study of the Effects of Whole-Body Vibration in the Low Frequency Range
Authors: Uchikune Masashi 
Published: January 2005

The current ISO criterion curve (ISO 2631) evaluated a psychological method on comfortable and uncomfortable feelings. To this end, it was necessary to have data for both the physiological reaction and the psychological evaluation of humans in the low frequency range. The purpose of this study is to clarify the physiological and psychological effects of low frequency horizontal whole body vibration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, salivation and subjective symptoms were measured before starting and 21-mins after starting at frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 0.8 Hz. The results were as follows: Changes in the autonomic nervous system were observed, and the system tended to change from the state of predominance of the parasympathetic nervous system to that of the sympathetic nervous system when the frequency values outside the range 0.4 to 0.8 Hz, during 21-min. Throughout all the process of the measurements, it is hypothescied that these variations have been caused by the physiological and psychological changes due to the frequency, delay time and acceleration based on the whole-body vibration.
Tricalcium-phosphate and hydroxyapatite bone-graft extender for use in impaction grafting revision surgery
Authors: van Haaren E. H. , Smit T. H. , Phipps K. , Wuisman P. I. J. M. , Blunn G. , Heyligers I. C. 
Published: January 2005

Impacted morsellised allografts have been used successfully to address the problem of poor bone stock in revision surgery. However, there are concerns about the transmission of pathogens, the high cost and the shortage of supply of donor bone. Bone-graft extenders, such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA), have been developed to minimise the use of donor bone. In a human cadaver model we have evaluated the surgical and mechanical feasibility of a TCP/HA bone-graft extender during impaction grafting revision surgery. A TCP/HA allograft mix increased the risk of producing a fissure in the femur during the impaction procedure, but provided a higher initial mechanical stability when compared with bone graft alone. The implications of the use of this type of graft extender in impaction grafting revision surgery are discussed.
Trapezius transfer in brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Rühmann O. , Schmolke S. , Bohnsack M. , Carls J. , Wirth C. J. 
Published: January 2005

Between March 1994 and June 2003, 80 patients with brachial plexus palsy underwent a trapezius transfer. There were 11 women and 69 men with a mean age of 31 years (18 to 69). Before operation a full evaluation of muscle function in the affected arm was carried out. A completely flail arm was found in 37 patients (46%). Some peripheral function in the elbow and hand was seen in 43 (54%). No patient had full active movement of the elbow in combination with adequate function of the hand. Patients were followed up for a mean of 2.4 years (0.8 to 8). We performed the operations according to Saha’s technique, with a modification in the last 22 cases. We demonstrated a difference in the results according to the pre-operative status of the muscles and the operative technique. The transfer resulted in an increase of function in all patients and in 74 (95%) a decrease in multidirectional instability of the shoulder. The mean increase in active abduction was from 6° (0 to 45) to 34° (5 to 90) at the last review. The mean forward flexion increased from 12° (0 to 85) to 30° (5 to 90). Abduction (41°) and especially forward flexion (43°) were greater when some residual function of the pectoralis major remained (n = 32). The best results were achieved in those patients with most pre-operative power of the biceps, coracobrachialis and triceps muscles (n = 7), with a mean of 42° of abduction and 56° of forward flexion. Active abduction (28°) and forward flexion (19°) were much less in completely flail shoulders (n = 34). Comparison of the 19 patients with the Saha technique and the 15 with the modified procedure, all with complete paralysis, showed the latter operation to be superior in improving shoulder stability. In all cases a decrease in instability was achieved and inferior subluxation was abolished. The results after trapezius transfer depend on the pre-operative pattern of paralysis and the operative technique. Better results can be achieved in patients who have some function of the biceps, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major and triceps muscles compared with those who have a complete palsy. A simple modification of the operation ensures a decrease in joint instability and an increase in function.
The effect of iron supplementation on the level of haemoglobin after lower limb arthroplasty
Authors: Mundy G. M. , Birtwistle S. J. , Power R. A. 
Published: January 2005

We randomised 120 patients who were undergoing either primary total hip or knee arthroplasty to receive either ferrous sulphate or a placebo for three weeks after surgery. The level of haemoglobin and absolute reticulocyte count were measured at one and five days, and three and six weeks after operation. Ninety-nine patients (ferrous sulphate 50, placebo 49) completed the study. The two groups differed only in the treatment administered. Recovery of level of haemoglobin was similar at five days and three weeks and returned to 85% of the pre-operative level, irrespective of the treatment group. A small, albeit greater recovery in the level of haemoglobin was identified at six weeks in the ferrous sulphate group in both men (ferrous sulphate 5%, placebo 1.5%) and women (ferrous sulphate 6%, placebo 3%). The clinical significance of this is questionable and may be outweighed by the high incidence of reported side effects of oral iron and the cost of the medication. Administration of iron supplements after elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty does not appear to be worthwhile.
Sanders classification of fractures of the os calcis
Authors: Bhattacharya R. , Vassan U. T. , Finn P. , Port A. 
Published: January 2005

Our study was undertaken to assess the inter- and intra-observer variability of the classification system of Sanders for calcaneal fractures. Five consultant orthopaedic surgeons with different subspecialty interests classified CT scans of 28 calcaneal fractures using this classification system. After six months, they reclassified the scans. Kappa statistics were used to analyse the two groups. The interobserver variability of the classification system was 0.32 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 0.38). The subclasses were then combined and assessment of agreement between the general classes as a whole gave a kappa value of 0.33 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.41). The mean kappa value for intra-observer variability of the classification system was 0.42 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.62). When the subclasses were combined, it was 0.45 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.65). Our results show that, despite its popularity, the classification system of Sanders has only fair agreement among users.
Reconstruction using an autograft containing tumour treated by liquid nitrogen
Authors: Tsuchiya H. , Wan S. L. , Sakayama K. , Yamamoto N. , Nishida H. , Tomita K. 
Published: January 2005

We describe a method of reconstruction using tumour-bearing autograft treated by liquid nitrogen in 28 patients. The operative technique consisted of en bloc excision of the tumour, removal of soft tissue, curettage of the tumour, drilling and preparation for internal fixation or prosthetic replacement before incubation for 20 minutes in liquid nitrogen, thawing at room temperature for 15 minutes, thawing in distilled water for ten minutes, and internal fixation with an intramedullary nail, plate or composite use of prosthetic replacement. Bone graft or cement was used to augment bone strength when necessary. The limb function was rated as excellent in 20 patients (71.4%), good in three (10.7%), fair in three (10.7%), and poor in two (7.1%). At the final follow-up six patients had died at a mean of 19.8 months after the operation, while 21 remained free from disease with a mean follow-up of 28.1 months (10 to 54). One patient is alive with disease. Bony union was seen at a mean of 6.7 months after the operation in 26 patients. Complications were encountered in seven patients, including three deep infections, two fractures, and two local recurrences. All were managed successfully. Our results suggest that this is a simple and effective method of biological reconstruction.
Stability of the Birmingham hip resurfacing arthroplasty at two years
Authors: Itayem R. , Arndt A. , Nistor L. , McMinn D. , Lundberg A. 
Published: January 2005

The Birmingham hip resurfacing metal-on-metal arthroplasty was introduced in 1997 and has shown promising short- to mid-term results. We used radiostereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) to study the stability of 20 resurfacing arthroplasties over a follow-up period of 24 months. Radiological examinations for RSA were performed immediately after surgery and at two, six, 12 and 24 months after operation. Precision and detection of migration thresholds (non-zero movement) were calculated. All the results corresponded well to those found in similar experimental arrangements with standard hip prostheses. Migration of the cup and vertical and mediolateral migration of the head were calculated. The values were low at two years compared with those of earlier studies of cemented femoral components in conventional total hip replacements indicating that there was no evidence of excessive early migration or loosening of the components.
Triple arthrodesis: is bone grafting necessary?
Authors: Rosenfeld P. F. , Budgen S. A. , Saxby T. S. 
Published: January 2005

Our aim was to evaluate the results of triple arthrodesis, performed without the use of supplementary bone graft. We carried out a retrospective review of 100 consecutive triple arthrodeses. All the operations had been performed by the senior author (TSS) using a standard technique. Only local bone graft from the excised joint surfaces had been used, thereby avoiding complications at the donor site. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 58 years (18 to 84). The mean time to union was 5.1 months (3 to 17). There were 75 good, 20 fair and five poor results. There were four cases of nonunion. Our study has shown that comparable rates of union are achieved without the need for supplementary bone graft from the iliac crest or other donor site.
Preanalytical Variables and Off-Site Blood Collection: Influences on the Results of the Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio Test and Implications for Monitoring of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: van Geest-Daalderop Johanna HH , Mulder André B , Boonman-de Winter Leandra JM , Hoekstra Martha MCL , van den Besselaar Anton MHP 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background: The quality of oral anticoagulant therapy management with coumarin derivatives requires reliable results for the prothrombin time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR). We assessed the effect on PT/INR of preanalytical variables, including ones related to off-site blood collection and transportation to a laboratory.
Methods: Four laboratories with different combinations of blood collection systems, thromboplastin reagents, and coagulation meters participated. The simulated preanalytical variables included time between blood collection and PT/INR determinations on samples stored at room temperature, at 4–6 °C, and at 37 °C; mechanical agitation at room temperature, at 4–6 °C, and at 37 °C; time between centrifugation and PT/INR determination; and times and temperatures of centrifugation. For variables that affected results, the effect of the variable was classified as moderate when &lt;25% of samples showed a change &gt;10% or as large if &gt;25% of samples showed such a change.
Results: During the first 6 h after blood collection, INR changed by &gt;10% in &lt;25% of samples (moderate effect) when blood samples were stored at room temperature, 4–6 °C, or 37 °C with or without mechanical agitation and independent of the time of centrifugation after blood collection. With one combination of materials and preanalytical conditions, a 24-h delay at room temperature or 4–6 °C had a large effect, i.e., changes &gt;10% in &gt;25% of samples. In all laboratories, a 24-h delay at 37 °C or with mechanical agitation had a large effect. We observed no clinically or statistically relevant INR differences among studied centrifugation conditions (centrifugation temperature, 20 °C or no temperature control; centrifugation time, 5 or 10 min).
Conclusions: We recommend a maximum of 6 h between blood collection and PT/INR determination. The impact of a 24-h delay should be investigated for each combination of materials and conditions.
Adiponectin and other Adipocytokines as Predictors of Markers of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: Chan Dick C , Watts Gerald F , Ng Theodore WK , Uchida Yoshiaki , Sakai Naohiko , Yamashita Shizuya , Barrett P Hugh R 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground: Adipocytokines are bioactive peptides that may play an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the association of plasma adipocytokine concentrations with markers of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism in men.Methods: Fasting adiponectin, leptin, resistin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), apolipoprotein (apo) B-48, apo C-III, and remnant-like particle (RLP)-cholesterol concentrations were measured by immunoassays and insulin resistance by homeostasis assessment (HOMA) score in 41 nondiabetic men with a body mass index of 22–35 kg/m2. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue masses (ATMs) were determined by magnetic resonance imaging and total ATM by bioelectrical impedance.Results: In univariate regression, plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations were inversely and directly associated with plasma apoB-48, apoC-III, RLP-cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-apoB, and VLDL-triglycerides (P &lt;0.05). Resistin, IL-6, and TNF-α were not significantly associated with any of these variables, except for a direct correction between apoC-III and IL-6 (P &lt;0.05). In multivariate regression including HOMA, age, nonesterified fatty acids, and adipose tissue compartment, adiponectin was an independent predictor of plasma apoB-48 (β coefficient = −0.354; P = 0.048), apoC-III (β coefficient = −0.406; P = 0.012), RLP-cholesterol (β coefficient = −0.377; P = 0.016), and triglycerides (β coefficient = −0.374; P = 0.013). By contrast, leptin was not an independent predictor of these TRL markers. Plasma apoB-48, apoC-III, RLP-cholesterol, and triglycerides were all significantly and positively associated with plasma insulin, HOMA, and visceral, subcutaneous, and total ATMs (P &lt;0.05).Conclusions: These data suggest that the plasma adiponectin concentration may not only link abdominal fat, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, but may also exert an independent role in regulating TRL metabolism.
Simulation‐based design and experimental evaluation of a spatially controllable CVD reactor
Authors: Choo Jae‐Ouk , Adomaitis Raymond A. , Rubloff Gary W. , Henn‐Lecordier Laurent , Liu Yijun 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMost conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems do not have the spatial actuation and sensing capabilities necessary to control deposition uniformity, or to intentionally induce nonuniform deposition patterns for single‐wafer combinatorial CVD experiments. In an effort to address these limitations, a novel CVD reactor system has been developed that can explicitly control the spatial profile of gas‐phase chemical composition across the wafer surface. This paper discusses the simulation‐based design of a prototype reactor system and the results of preliminary experiments performed to evaluate the performance of the prototype in depositing tungsten films. Initial experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to produce spatially patterned wafers using a CVD process by controlling gas‐phase reactant composition, opening the door to a new class of flexible and highly controllable CVD reactor designs. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51:572–584, 2005
Behavioral features of CHARGE syndrome: Parents' perspectives of three children with CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Lauger Kimberly , Cornelius Nancy , Keedy Wendy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAs the population first diagnosed with CHARGE Syndrome has aged, information has emerged about specific behavioral features of this syndrome. Once the medical features are managed, it is the behavioral features that interfere with our children's ability to form reciprocal relationships, to gain formal communication skills, to make the educational gains they are cognitively capable of, and to ultimately care for themselves. In telling the informal case studies of our children, we hope their behavioral commonalities, in spite of their medical and educational differences, will be apparent as well as the complexity of the multiple types of behavior observed. We remain hopeful that answers can be found that will help our children and our families cope with this very debilitating feature of CHARGE. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipophilicity coefﬁcients of potential tumor imaging agents, positron‐labeled O6‐benzylguanine derivatives
Authors: Liu Xuan , Wang Ji‐Quan , Zheng Qi‐Huang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNovel radiolabeled O6‐benzylguanine (O6‐BG) derivatives, 6‐O‐[11C]‐[(methoxymethyl)benzyl]guanines ([11C]p‐O6‐MMBG, 1a; [11C]m‐O6‐MMBG, 1b; [11C]o‐O6‐MMBG, 1c), 2‐amino‐6‐O‐[11C]‐[(methoxymethyl)benzyloxy]‐9‐methyl purines ([11C]p‐O6‐AMMP, 2a; [11C]m‐O6‐AMMP, 2b; [11C]o‐O6‐AMMP, 2c), 2‐amino‐6‐O‐[11C]‐[(methoxymethyl)benzyloxy]‐9‐benzyl purines ([11C]p‐O6‐AMBP, 3a; [11C]m‐O6‐AMBP, 3b; [11C]o‐O6‐AMBP, 3c), 2‐amino‐6‐O‐benzyloxy‐9‐[11C]‐[(methoxycarbonyl)methyl]purine ([11C]ABMMP, 4), and 2‐amino‐6‐O‐benzyloxy‐9‐[11C]‐[(4′‐methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]purine ([11C]ABMBP, 5), have been synthesized for evaluation as potential novel positron emission tomography tumor imaging agents. The ability of O6‐BG analogs to penetrate the blood–brain barrier in brain tumor could be due, at least in part, to their lipophilicity. In this paper, we measured lipophilicity coefﬁcients (log P) of compounds 1–5 by the C18 HPLC method. These log P values were compared, and correlations between lipophilicity and biological activity of selected analogs were made. The results suggest the appropriate level of lipophilic character in this class of compounds as useful imaging agents appears to be in the range of 1.4–2.6. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of artiﬁcial biomembrane systems in biopartitioning micellar chromatography by method of mathematical design
Authors: Rukhadze Marina D. , Bezarashvili George S. , Kutkhashvili Maya G. , Sigua Kethevan I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn attempt to create and study an artiﬁcial membrane system was realized via biopartitioning micellar liquid chromatography. Towards this end the known formula of membrane permeability (on the basis of Fick's diffusion equation) was modiﬁed so that membrane permeability may be estimated in terms of chromatographic characteristics. The two‐factoral experiments on the basis of mathematical design of second order were carried out. The regression equations are derived which describe the dependence of membrane permeability on the concentration of polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether in the mobile phase and its ﬂow‐rate for compounds with biomedical signiﬁcance. Some regularities were revealed, which characterize the permeability of compounds of the different nature through membranes. The extremal dependence (with passing through minimum) of permeability on the concentration of non‐ionic surfactant was observed for anionic compounds. The increasing character of permeability in relation with ﬂow‐rate of mobile phase was recognized for cationic samples. Both dependences were basically fulﬁlled for zwitterionic compounds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.