bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of CO2 Laser, Eggshell Nanoparticle Gel, and Their Combination on the Microhardness of Enamel White Spot Lesions
Authors: Taher Duaa , Abbas Dalia Kudier 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chicken eggshell nanoparticle gel, CO2 laser and their combination on human enamel white spot lesions.
Material and methods
To produce white patches on tooth enamel, thirty maxillary first premolars were divided into three groups at random and then kept in a demineralizing solution. Eggshell nanoparticle gel was used in the first group, CO2 laser irradiation was used in the second, and CO2 laser and eggshell nanoparticle gel was used in the third. After that, teeth were submerged in synthetic saliva for 30 days. The enamel surface's Vickers hardness was measured. One sample from each group was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to display the morphological characteristics of the enamel surface. X-ray diffraction test (XRD) was made for one sample from each group to determine the crystallographic structure of the enamel. Tukey's test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the data.
Results
After demineralization, the microhardness of enamel white spot lesions decreased significantly, and all three groups exhibited a significant difference between the demineralization and treatment stages, with a p-value of 0.000 for each group. The microhardness of enamel white spot lesions increased in all three groups.
Conclusion
Using eggshell nanoparticle gel, CO2 laser and CO2 laser with eggshell nanoparticle gel is suggested to reharden the tooth enamel. All the studied groups showed a comparable non-significant difference among them.
Intranasal Insulin and Budesonide Combination Films for Treatment of Anosmia: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ismail Mostafa , Abdelkarim Abdelrahim A. , Hamead Khalaf , Adel Amr , Badawi Ahmed M. , Mohamad Soad A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background: Smell is strongly related to quality of life. Therefore, anosmia has been considered one of the serious health conditions. Different treatment regimens were used as auxiliary therapy for improving olfaction but were not approved as final treatments. Recently, intranasal insulin has been developed as a treatment of anosmia. The purpose of this study is to present a more specific, effective, and safe treatment for anosmia, by adding strong steroid to insulin in the same film. This study was conducted on 40 patients with post-viral anosmia. Methodology was built-in multiple steps: study compatibility between steroid and insulin, preparation and characterization of intranasal films, and clinical assessment. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 parallel groups; intervention and placebo groups, both underwent endoscopic placement of intranasal insulin-budesonide combination films and saline films into the olfactory cleft, respectively. The procedure was performed for 8 sessions with 2 weeks interval.
Results: The results of compatibility and film characterization showed compatible combination in addition to flexible, homogenous, and controlled-release films. Clinical assessment showed significant improvement of intervention group compared to control group in both butanol test and olfactory discrimination test (p value 0.004 in the second visit and P<0.001 in the third visit, respectively).
Conclusion: According to our results, it can be concluded that a combination of anti-inflammatory steroids and growth factor elevator as insulin can be used as safe and effective combination for smell restoration.
Biomechanical Comparison Between Rim Plating and Posterior Buttress Plating for Posterolateral Tibia Plateau Fractures
Authors: Yoon Yong-Cheol , Kim Youngwoo , Chon Chang-Soo , Cho Jae-Woo , Oh Chang-Wug , Oh Jong-Keon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical efficacy of rim plating for posterolateral tibia plateau fractures (PLTPFs) compared to conventional posterior buttress plating. Sixty synthetic tibial models were divided into three groups: posterior buttress plating with a 3.5-mm locking compression T-plate, rim plating with a 2.7-mm variable-angle cloverleaf plate and two anteroposterior screws, and rim plating alone. Static compression and cyclic loading tests were conducted to assess mechanical stability under simulated physiological conditions. Failure loads averaged 2235.75 N, 2017.46 N, and 1743.95 N for the groups, respectively, all exceeding the 1500-N threshold corresponding to approximately 250% of body weight in vivo. Cyclic loading showed minimal displacements across groups, with no significant differences in stability. Rim plating demonstrated slightly lower failure loads than traditional posterior buttress plating but provided sufficient biomechanical support for PLTPFs. Its performance under both static and cyclic loading indicates it is a feasible alternative, offering adequate stability while potentially reducing surgical invasiveness. These findings support the consideration of rim plating as a practical option for optimizing PLTPF management, balancing mechanical requirements with less invasive surgical techniques.
Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experiment Verification Analysis to Reveal the Action Mechanism of RenShen Guipi Wan in treating Anaemia
Authors: Qu Tingli , Zhang Nan , Li Chen , Liu Xuyuan , Yun Keming , An Quan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective: To identify the possible phytochemical compounds of RGW that might treat anaemia through integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experiment verification to explore their potential mechanisms of action.
Methods: UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS was used to identify RGW components. The major chemical components and potential target genes of RGW were screened by bioinformatics. The key targets in anaemia were identified based on network modules. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Pharmacodynamics was evaluated by establishing a micemodel of anaemia. Molecular docking, Molecular dynamics simulation, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA) method were performed to confirm the effectiveness of targets in related pathways.
Result:171 compounds were identified in RGW using UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS, eighty-two active ingredients in RGW were screened, 348 potential targets were identifed. In particular, Ginsenoside Rg4, Ginsenoside Rg1, 3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydroxy 2-methoxychalcone, Ginsenoside F1, Glycyrol, Chalconaringenin 4'-glucoside, Licochalcone B, 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone, Glycycoumarin, and Ginsenoside Rh1 were the core components and TP53, STAT3, PIK3R1, SRC, HIF-1α were the core targets. The GO and KEGG analyses indicated that RGW may modulate multiple biological processes and pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed good afnity between the active components and core targets of RGW, with stable binding within 100 nano seconds. Experiment verification revealed RGW could improve the routine blood markers of mice, and decrease the level of HIF-1α significantly.
Conclusion: RGW might play a role by targeting the key target HIF-1α and regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathways. This study demonstrates the potential pharmacological mechanism of RGW in the treatment of anaemia and provides a reference for clinical application of the formula.
Gas-sensitive detection of gas pollutants (CO, CO 2 , N 2 O) by monolayer Ti-C 2 N -V : a DFT study
Authors: Liu Yan , Boi Filippo , Zhang Leilei , Guo Lifen , Chen Lerui , Ma yanxia , Yang Biao , Mushtaq Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Recently, the use of efficient gas sensors to detect air pollutants has become one of the key steps for the timely identification of environmental problems. It is very meaningful to develop a gas-sensor that more accurately and efficiently detects certain air pollutants in the environment that are harmful to the human body. In this work, we report on the properties of a novel high-performance gas sensor (Ti-C2N− V) for detection of gas pollutants (CO, CO2, N2O) by using first-principles calculation methods of density functional theory (DFT). The binding energy, recovery time (τ), density of state (DOS), differential charge density, conductivity (σ) and gas sensitivity (S) were investigated. These results provide important insights on the sensitivity of Ti-C2N− V to these three gases is CO2 > CO > N2O. Interestingly, we demonstrate that their sensitivity exhibits values up to 1.61×108, 1.99×1012, and 8.75×1012 at room temperature. The results show that Ti-C2N− V monolayer material has great potential as an efficient gas sensor to effectively monitor these three harmful gases, providing a theoretical basis for the practical application of Ti-C2N− V monolayer as a high-efficiency gas sensor for CO, CO2 and N2O.
The Role of Research Process Presentations in Science Education: Perceptions of Credibility and Tentativeness in Research Findings
Authors: Thomas Julia Cathérine , Düsing Katharina , Bogaert Vanessa van den , Greving Hannah , Bruckermann Till , Schumann Anke , Brandt Miriam , Lewanzik Daniel , Voigt Christian , Kimmerle Joachim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Laypeople often struggle to understand the provisional nature of scientific knowledge. While scientific knowledge may be widely accepted within the scientific community, it is continually subject to revision and further development as new studies are published. These characteristics of science, where findings build upon each other over time rather than being entirely replaced by new discoveries, are not always well understood by the public. This becomes particularly problematic when research process presentations that emphasize the evolving, provisional nature of scientific knowledge are perceived as less credible, reinforcing misconceptions about the integrity and nature of science. In two experimental online studies on science education (n1 = 99; n2 = 184), we examined how different representations of the scientific process affect perceptions of credibility and tentativeness using text- and video-based presentations in the context of bat ecology as an example. In both studies, we varied the presentation of scientific practices (without explanations vs. with explanations) and the portrayal of the scientist’s deliberations (canonized vs. authentic). Our findings indicate that, although scientific knowledge is perceived as provisional, the way it is communicated can influence its perceived credibility. In both studies, perceived tentativeness was negatively correlated with perceived credibility, highlighting a challenge in science communication: the need to convey the evolving nature of scientific knowledge without undermining trust in its reliability.
Empowerment Program about Health Risks of Global Warming and Sustainability Practices among Nurses Providing Maternal and Child Health Services
Authors: –Nasr Eman Mahmoud Seif El , Shaban Marwa Mamdouh , Nour Rania Abd Elmohsen Abo El , Mohamed Sayeda Mohamed , Baraka Nagwa Ibrahim Mabrouk , baraka Samia Ibrahim Mabrouk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Global warming poses a severe and escalating threat to human health worldwide, affecting both direct and indirect aspects of human well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of empowerment program about health risks of global warming and sustainability practices among nurses providing maternal and child health services.
Methods
Employing a quasi-experimental design, a purposive sample of 100 nurses working in maternal and child health services in Tanta City. The research was approved by the ethical committee of the faculty of nursing with IRB number: RHDIRB555-11-2024. The study was conducted across all (6) healthcare facilities providing maternal and child health services in Tanta City. Data was collected using adapted tools including the Self- Nurses Knowledge Interview Questionnaire, and the Environmental sustainability practices questionnaire. Demographic characteristics were analyzed, and pre- and post-intervention scores were compared using paired t-tests were statistical methods.
Results
There was a statistically significant correlation between knowledge levels regarding global warming and environment sustainability practices among the studied nurses before, immediate post and after three months of empowerment program.
Conclusion
The study’s findings conclude that implementation of the empowerment program improves nurses’ knowledge regarding global warming and sustainability practices among nurses. The findings suggest a continuous in-service training program for nurses regarding global warming as well as other sustainable development goals and their impact on health, to promote sustainable development.
Compensatory Hyperhidrosis Following Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Risk Factors and Symptom Progression
Authors: Wu Jian-Yang , Xiong Jun-Kai , Huang Cheng-Bin , Wu Shao-Hang , Ou Yang-Sheng , Chen Zhi-Zhou , Xu Zhi-Yang , Xu Jian-Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH) is a common complication after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) for hyperhidrosis. Despite its prevalence, long-term data on CH progression and associated risk factors are scarce. This study evaluates the risk factors and progression of CH during a 5-year follow-up period.
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed 138 patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) who underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy between January 2014 and December 2019. All patients underwent bilateral single-port thoracoscopic sympathectomy and were followed up at 1, 3, and 5 years postoperatively. The severity of postoperative sweating was assessed using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with the development and progression of CH.
Results
A total of 138 patients were included in the study, with 78.9% reporting the occurrence of CH after surgery and 23.8% of them experiencing severe CH. HDSS scores increased over the 5 years postoperatively, with symptoms worsening. Further analysis revealed that bilateral R4-level sympathectomy significantly increased the risk of CH progression (OR = 4.28, 95% CI: 1.27–15.60, P = 0.021) while having three or more affected areas was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.63, P = 0.008).
Conclusion
This study found that compensatory hyperhidrosis is relatively common in patients undergoing ETS, and symptoms may progressively worsen over time. The level of sympathetic nerve resection and the number of affected areas are key predictive factors for worsening symptoms.
Magnitude and factors associated with the uptake of the HPV vaccine among adolescent girls aged 13-17 years in Sheema Municipality, Sheema District. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cherop Calvin , Kigongo Farida , Mugema Edgar Mulogo , Mugabe Rashid , Taremwa Bridget , Tusasirwe Evelyn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Globally, HPV affects millions of women in their late teens and early 20s. The use of the HPV vaccine is the only way to avert this trend. However, the uptake of HPV vaccination is reportedly low in Uganda. This study therefore assessed the magnitude and factors associated with the uptake of the HPV vaccine among adolescent girls aged 13–17 years in secondary schools in Sheema Municipality, Sheema District.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 293 adolescent girls aged 13–17 years in secondary schools in the Sheema Municipality. A pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. A proportional sampling technique was used to determine the number of adolescent girls selected from each school. Simple random sampling was used to enrol the respondents in the study. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using Stata version 14. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with HPV vaccination uptake. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results
More than half (66%) of the participants had received the recommended two doses of the HPV vaccine. The factors associated with the uptake of the HPV vaccine included perceived risk of HPV (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: [1.00–2.99], p = 0.048), receiving health education (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI: [1.23–3.83], p = 0.007), having parents/caretakers with secondary education (aOR:6.61, 95% CI: 1.57–27.8, p = 0.010), receiving tertiary education (aOR:5.56, 95% CI: 1.33–23.1, p = 0.019) and living in urban areas (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI: [0.21–0.65], p = 0.001).
Conclusion
This study revealed relatively high HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls, although it was still below the highest global rates. Completion of the HPV vaccine was more likely among those with educated parents, received health education, and those with perceived risk of HPV, whereas urban residency was linked to lower uptake. To improve vaccination rates, efforts should focus on increasing awareness through school-based health programs, conducting awareness campaigns on HPV risks and vaccine benefits, and addressing barriers to vaccine access in urban areas.
Psychological aspects of grazing in adolescents: Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Rep(eat)-Q in community and clinical samples
Authors: Félix Sílvia , Ramalho Sofia , Marôco João , Ribeiro Andreia , Afonso Nadine , Gonçalves Sónia , Conceição Eva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background: Grazing is a disordered eating behavior associated with poor weight control, increased eating disorder psychopathology, and psychological difficulties in adults. Unfortunately, little is known about grazing in adolescence, which is aggravated by the lack of validated measures for this population. This study investigates the psychological aspects of grazing in adolescence and provides psychometric support for a brief self-report measure, the Rep(eat)-Q.
Methods: A community sample of middle/high school students (n=358, 55.6% females) and a clinical sample with overweight/obesity (n=204, 59.8% females), completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating and psychological variables including the Rep(eat)-Q. Weight and height data were also collected (Community: Mz-BMI=.39, SD=.98; Clinical: Mz-BMI=2.39, SD=.74).
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an adequate fit [(χ2(107)=389.77; p<.001; CFI=.99; TLI=.99; NFI=.99; SRMR=.062; RMSEA=.098] for a second-order (grazing) model with two first-order factors (repetitive eating and compulsive grazing subscales) with good reliability (.85<α<.91). Metric and scalar invariance was confirmed, allowing comparisons between samples. Compared with clinical adolescents, community adolescents reported higher scores on the Rep(eat)-Q total (Community: M=1.86, SD=1.30; Clinical: M=1.53, SD=1.35; t (559) = -2.81; p = .005) and repetitive eating subscale (Community: M=2.04, SD=1.44; Clinical: M=1.52, SD=1.35; t (560) = -4.24; p ≤ .001). The Rep(eat)-Q total score and subscales scores were significantly positively correlated with disordered eating behaviors and attitudes and inversely correlated with intuitive eating, suggesting good convergent validity (.11<r<.63). Similarly, adolescents scoring higher on grazing also present more psychological distress and poor cognitive and emotional functioning (.15<r<.50). Psychological variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and negative urgency) explained 21.8% of the variance in the grazing score, independent of sex, age, and BMI z-score [F(6, 490) = 22.87, p ≤ .001; R2 = .218].
Conclusions: The Rep(eat)-Q is a reliable self-reported measure for assessing grazing in adolescents. These findings provide further support for the conceptualization of grazing in the spectrum of disordered eating and psychopathology in adolescents.
Observation of Discarded Larvacean Houses in the Benthic and Pelagic Zones of Spitsbergen Fjords Using Drop-Camera Imagery
Authors: Deja Kajetan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study documents a unique observation of abandoned Oikopleura vanhoeffeni (Chordata: Appendicularia: Oikopleuridae) houses found on the seabed of various Spitsbergen fjords. The investigation utilized data from 253 video stations collected during the Arctic summers from 2015 to 2021. Notably, the 2021 observations revealed that Oikopleura houses were present in both on the seabed and in the pelagic zones, with densities reaching up to 973 structures per square meter on the seabed, occasionally covering up to 100% of the inspected seabed surface. According to existing literature, such densities could contribute up to 58 mg of carbon per square meter. In regions of maximal house density, the water was found to contain significant mineral suspensions, which could potentially influencing the rate of house occlusion, production, and sedimentation. This phenomenon highlights another potentially significant connection between Arctic plankton and the intensification of meltwater runoff enriched with mineral suspensions, driven by the accelerating effects of climate warming. Moreover, this observation may contribute significantly to advancing the understanding of the carbon cycle in ecosystems such as the Spitsbergen fjords. Although short-living, this occurrence may play a important role for benthic organisms and and represents a notable example of benthic-pelagic coupling, underscoring its ecological significance.
Synergizing FEM with AI: Leveraging Dense Neural Networks, Random Forests, and SHAP for Enhanced Feature Importance Analysis in Long-Term Arch Dam Displacement Prediction
Authors: Babaadi AM , Mirzabozorg H , Baharan K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study combines advanced machine learning techniques with finite element modeling to analyze the structural behavior and displacement of a super-high concrete arch dam. By integrating finite element analysis, dense neural networks, and random forest approaches, the research determines the relative importance of factors influencing dam displacement over long-term operations. The study utilizes SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to interpret the results, providing deeper insights into how each factor contributes to the model's predictions. The findings highlight lake level as the most significant factor, followed by thermal effects and creep, demonstrating the potential of this integrated approach for enhancing structural health monitoring of large infrastructure projects.