bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and validation of hub genes involved in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development via bioinformatics
Authors: Teng Da , Chen Hongping , Jia Wenjuan , Ren Qingmiao , Ding Xiaoning , Zhang Lihui , Gong Lei , Wang Hua , Zhong Lin , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2023

Background
Foam cells play crucial roles in all phases of atherosclerosis. However, until now, the specific mechanisms by which these foam cells contribute to atherosclerosis remain unclear. We aimed to identify novel foam cell biomarkers and interventional targets for atherosclerosis, characterizing their potential mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis.

Methods
Microarray data of atherosclerosis and foam cells were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) were screened using the “LIMMA” package in R software. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation were both carried out. Hub genes were found in Cytoscape after a protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis was carried out. Validation of important genes in the GSE41571 dataset, cellular assays, and tissue samples.

Results
A total of 407 DEGs in atherosclerosis and 219 DEGs in foam cells were identified, and the DEGs in atherosclerosis were mainly involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. CSF1R and PLAUR were identified as common hub genes and validated in GSE41571. In addition, we also found that the expression of CSF1R and PLAUR gradually increased with the accumulation of lipids and disease progression in cell and tissue experiments.

Conclusion
CSF1R and PLAUR are key hub genes of foam cells and may play an important role in the biological process of atherosclerosis. These results advance our understanding of the mechanism behind atherosclerosis and potential therapeutic targets for future development.
Effect of body mass index on soft tissues in adolescents with skeletal class I and normal facial height
Authors: Karsli Nurver , Tuhan Kutlu Esra 
Published: October 2023

Background
The evaluation of soft tissues in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment plays a critical role in diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aims to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on facial soft tissues in skeletal Class I patients with normal vertical growth.

Methods
The study included 72 patients with a normal vertical growth pattern (SN-GoGn 26–38°) and skeletal Class I (ANB 2‒4°) malocclusion. According to their BMI (kg/m2) values, the patients were divided into three groups of 24 individuals each: underweight (>5th percentile) (13 females, 11 males; mean age, 11.58 ± 1.95 years), normal weight (5‒85th percentile) (12 females, 12 males; mean age, 11.54 ± 1.95 years), overweight (85‒95th percentile) (12 females, 12 males; mean age, 11.62 ± 2.01 years). Soft tissue thickness and height measurements were made on lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Results
In all soft tissue thickness measurements, except for the nasion, the overweight weight group had higher values. In comparing the underweight and normal weight groups, statistically significant differences were found in the thickness measurements at the nasion and gnathion (p < 0.05). The differences in thickness measurements at the glabella, labiale superius, stomion, labiale inferius, pogonion, gnathion, and menton are statistically significant between the underweight and overweight groups (p < 0.005). Comparing the normal and overweight groups revealed statistically significant differences the thickness measurements at the glabella, labiale superius, stomion, pogonion and menton (p < 0.05).
Enhancing Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Growth, Yield and Water Productivity through Irrigation and Mulching Techniques in Local Climate
Authors: Islam Md. Serazul , Hossain Md. Farid , Pervin Shahnaj 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Broccoli's efficient irrigation management is critical with changing climatic patterns and increasing water scarcity. The study aimed to assess the impacts of various irrigation methods and mulching techniques on broccoli cultivation.
Methodology: A randomized complete block design with three replications was used, considering two factors: irrigation methods (drip and surface) and mulching materials (black polythene, white polythene, grass straw, and no mulching).
Results: Drip irrigation, combined with black polythene mulching (I1MBP), consistently demonstrated its superiority that significantly improved multiple aspects of plant growth, yield and water productivity. In particular, I1MBP resulted in the highest plant heights at different growth stages, with the tallest plants at harvest (43.87 cm). However, surface irrigation with the same mulching (I2MBP) also showed higher plant heights but slightly shorter than drip irrigation. A similar trend was observed for the number of leaves per plant, with the I1MBP treatment having the most leaves. In curd development, the treatment (I1MBP) produced curds with larger diameters and lengths at harvest. In contrast, surface irrigation with the same mulching (I2MBP) also showed a larger curd size but, again, slightly lower than drip irrigation. In terms of curd initiation time, the I1MBP treatment had a longer duration, while the I1MN treatment had a shorter duration. Surface irrigation treatments followed a similar trend. With respect to yield, the I1MBP consistently had the highest unit weight of curd (423.14 g plant-1), yield per plot (25.39 Kg plot-1), and total yield (16.93 t ha-1), regardless of the mulching condition. However, surface irrigation with the same mulching (I2MBP) also showed higher yields (15.93 t ha-1) but slightly less than drip irrigation. On the other hand, the I1MBP demonstrated superior water use efficiencies (74.68 kg/ha-mm) and productivity (7.47 Kg m-3) compared to other treatments. Still, surface irrigation with the same mulching (I2MBP) also exhibited better water use efficiency (64.98 kg/ha-mm) and productivity (6.50 Kg m-3) than treatments with no mulch. Environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours, and evaporation, were found to correlate with broccoli growth stages, emphasizing their influence on crop development.
Conclusion: Finally, drip irrigation and black polythene mulching are pivotal for improved growth, yield, and water management, contributing to sustainable agriculture practices.
Virulence and Molecular Detection of Cassava Mosaic and Brown Streak Virus Genes on Elite Mutant Cassava Lines
Authors: Kimno Lydia Chepkoech , Were Javan Omondi , Bimpong Isaac Kofi , Kinyua Miriam Gaceri , Kimno Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Unavailability of germplasm with Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) tolerance genes remains the main bottleneck towards management of the two diseases in tropic and sub-tropic regions in Africa. We assessed the pathogenicity of two viruses and established the presence of genes linked to CBSD and CMD among some elite cassava lines using field techniques and PCR methods. The screen-house experiment was arranged in split plot in completely randomized block design replicated thrice. Severity data was done on a scale of 1 - 5 at an interval of 14 days post inoculation. Symptomatic fresh leaves were used in the extraction of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid and amplification done using markers linked to African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), separated bands scored as present (+) or absent (-) and visualized under UV trans-illuminator. Virulence and pathogenicity results showed higher tolerance to CBSD and CMD under single inoculation. In contrast, dual inoculation synergistically increased severity expression leading defoliation at early stages of growth. DNA amplification found no CBSD and CMD alleles in CAS1. However, some traces of the alleles were amplified on CAS2, CAS3, KME3 and KME4. Mutant cassava lines exhibited low severity compared to parental lines which were genetically different in terms of viral genes detected by the ACMV linked markers.
Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Soil Actinomycetes from Diverse Land Use Systems in Meru South, Eastern Kenya
Authors: Gitari Judith M. , Muraya Moses M. , Onyango Benson O. , Maingi John M. 
Published: October 2023

Aim: The increasing emergence and global spread of antibiotic-resistance by microorganisms pose a severe public health threat. Continuous exploration of different environments is required to find new sources of antibacterial compounds. Therefore, the study isolated, characterized and identified potential Actinomycetes candidates with antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens from diverse land use systems.
Study Design: Soil samples from land use systems were collected using a cross-sectional survey technique using line transect sampling in order to isolate Actinomycetes. A 30 × 7× 3 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was used for evaluating Actinomycetes isolates with antibacterial activity.
Methodology: The in-vitro cultivation of Actinomycetes was evaluated using four selective media. The Actinomycetes isolates were characterized using morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. The antibacterial activity screening of crude extracts was conducted against six bacterial pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes isolates were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA sequence homology.
Results: The morphological analysis showed variations in colony morphology, including differences in color, size, and texture. Biochemical tests provided insights into the metabolic capabilities of the isolates, indicating variations in enzymatic activities and substrate utilization. Antagonistic activity of Actinomycetes extracts exhibited significant differences (P =.05) against test bacterial pathogens. Notably, isolate C52 from degraded forest zone showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (12.21 mm), isolate L6 (16.23 mm) against Listeria monocytogenes and isolate C50 (15.5 mm) against Raoutella planticola. Streptomyces celluloflavus, S. griseobrunneus, S. pratensis, S. crystallinus, and S. eurocidicus were identified in the study.
Conclusion: The crude extracts obtained from Actinomycetes showed significant antibacterial activity against the selected test organisms. This suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties within these extracts.
Population Characteristics and Organ Procurement Organization Performance Metrics
Authors: Lopez Rocio , Mohan Sumit , Schold Jesse D. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceIn 2020, the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final rule updating the Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) Conditions for Coverage. This rule evaluates OPO performance based on an unadjusted donation rate and an age-adjusted transplant rate; however, neither considers other underlying population differences.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether adjusting for age and/or area deprivation index yields the same tier assignments as the cause, age, and location consistent (CALC) tier used by CMS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study examined the performance of 58 OPOs from 2018 to 2020 across the entire US. A total of 12 041 778 death records were examined from the 2017 to 2020 National Center for Health Statistics’ Restricted Vital Statistics Detailed Multiple Cause of Death files; 399 530 of these met the definition of potential deceased donor. Information about 42 572 solid organ donors from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients was also used. Statistical analysis was performed from January 2017 to December 2020.ExposureArea deprivation of donation service areas and age of potential donors.Main Outcome and MeasuresOPO performance as measured by donation and transplant rates.ResultsA total of 399 530 potential deceased donors and 42 572 actual solid donor organs were assigned to 1 of 58 OPOs. Age and ADI adjustment resulted in 19.0% (11 of 58) to 31.0% (18 of 58) reclassification of tier ratings for the OPOs, with 46.6% of OPOs (27 of 58) changing tier ranking at least once during the 3-year period. Between 6.9% (4 of 58) and 12.1% (7 of 58) moved into tier 1 and up to 8.6% (5 of 58) moved into tier 3.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of population characteristics and OPO performance metrics found that adjusting for area deprivation and age significantly changed OPO measured performance and tier classifications. These findings suggest that underlying population characteristics may alter processes of care and characterize donation and transplant rates independent of OPO performance. Risk adjustment accounting for population characteristics warrants consideration in prospective policy and further evaluation of quality metrics.
Medical Physics Leadership Academy Journal Club (Leadership Club) program: Two‐year review in building a community of leaders
Authors: Cetnar Ashley J. , Hall Kelsey , Hirata Emily Y. , Wang Dongxu , Collins Cielle E. , Barreto Izabella L. , Edward Sharbacha S. , Kapadia Anuj , Wells Michelle C. , Wilson Joshua M. , Xu Yiwen , Johnson Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe American Association of Physicists in Medicine began the Medical Physics Leadership Academy Journal Club in the fall of 2020. The initiative was launched to provide a forum for medical physicists to learn about leadership topics using published material, discuss and reflect on the material, and consider incorporating the discussed skills into their professional practice. This report presents the framework for the MPLA Journal Club program, describes the lessons learned over the last 2 years, summarizes the data collected from attendees, and highlights the roadmap for the program moving forward.
Giant Nonvolatile Electric Field Control of Proximity‐Induced Magnetism in the Spin–Orbit Semimetal SrIrO3
Authors: Jaiswal Arun Kumar , Eder Robert , Wang Di , Wollersen Vanessa , Tacon Matthieu Le , Fuchs Dirk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith its potential for drastically reduced operation power of information processing devices, electric field control of magnetism has generated huge research interest. Recently, novel perspectives offered by the inherently large spin–orbit coupling of 5d transition metals have emerged. Here, nonvolatile electrical control of the proximity‐induced magnetism in SrIrO3 based back‐gated heterostructures is demonstrated. Up to a 700% variation of the anomalous Hall conductivity (σAHE) and Hall angle (ΘAHE) as function of the applied gate voltage Vg is reported. In contrast, the Curie temperature TC ≈ 100 K and magnetic anisotropy of the system remain essentially unaffected by Vg indicating a robust ferromagnetic state in SrIrO3 which strongly hints to gating‐induced changes of the anomalous Berry curvature. The electric‐field induced ferroelectric‐like state of SrTiO3 enables nonvolatile switching behavior of σAHE and ΘAHE below 60 K. The large tunability of this system, opens new avenues toward efficient electric‐field manipulation of magnetism.
Injectable Bioactive Antioxidative One‐Component Polycitrate Hydrogel with Anti‐Inflammatory Effects for Osteoarthritis Alleviation and Cartilage Protection
Authors: Wang Min , Li Sihua , Zhang Liuyang , Tian Jing , Ma Junping , Lei Bo , Xu Peng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) can destroy the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), causing cartilage damage and further exacerbating the inflammation. Effective regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment has important clinical significance for OA alleviation and cartilage protection. Polycitrate‐based polymers have good antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory abilities but cannot self‐polymerize to form hydrogels. Herein, a one‐component multifunctional polycitrate‐based (PCCGA) hydrogel for OA alleviation and cartilage protection is reported. The PCCGA hydrogel is prepared using only the PCCGA polymer by self‐polymerization and exhibits multifunctional properties such as injectability, adhesion, controllable pore size and elasticity, self‐healing ability, and photoluminescence. Moreover, the PCCGA hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility, biodegradability, antioxidation by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species, and anti‐inflammatory ability by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and promoting the proliferation and migration of stem cells. In vivo results from an OA rat model show that the PCCGA hydrogel can effectively alleviate OA and protect the cartilage by restoring uniform articular surface and cartilage ECM levels, as well as inhibiting cartilage resorption and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 levels. These results indicate that the PCCGA hydrogel, as a novel bioactive material, is an effective strategy for OA treatment and has broad application prospects in inflammation‐related biomedicine.
A Smart Stimulation–Deadhesion and Antimicrobial Hydrogel for Repairing Diabetic Wounds Infected with Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bei Zhongwu , Zhang Linghong , Li Jianan , Tong Qi , Shi Kun , Chen Wen , Yu Yan , Sun Ao , Xu Yang , Liu Jie , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe healing of chronic diabetic wounds is a common and significant challenge in the medical field. Despite extensive efforts, the development of hydrogel dressings with satisfactory functionality remains an ongoing concern. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel wound dressing (PAN/Ag‐PLG) with adhesion, antibacterial, hemostatic, and other properties, which can effectively repair diabetic wounds infected with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is presented. The hydrogel dressing is composed of gallic acid (GA)‐functionalized polylysine (PL)‐reduced silver nanoparticles (Ag‐PLG), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), and cross‐linked polyacrylic acid grafted with N‐hydrosuccinimide ester. Notably, compared to most conventional wound dressing that lack adhesion or are difficult to remove, the prepared hydrogels exhibit excellent adhesion and mild stimulation‐triggered detachment. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the PAN/Ag‐PLG hydrogel exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and antibacterial properties and promotes diabetic wound repair by reducing oxidative damage and promoting cell migration and angiogenesis. The smart PAN/Ag‐PLG hydrogel reported in this study provides an approach for the potential clinical development of painless antibacterial dressings.
Layered Inorganic Silicate Aerogel Pillared by Nanoclusters for High Temperature Thermal Insulation
Authors: Zhou Tianpei , Xu Yetao , Zhen Yu , Wu Kaijin , Ding Honghe , Wang Linjun , Tai Xiaolin , Cai Xueru , Zhang Xun , Xia Tianpu , Zhu Junfa , Chu Wangsheng , Ni Yong , Xie Yi , Wu Changzheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLayered inorganic material, with large‐area interlayer surface and interface, provides an essential material platform for constructing new configuration of functional materials. Herein, a layered material pillared with nanoclusters realizing high temperature thermal insulation performance is demonstrated for the first time. Specifically, systematic synchrotron radiation spectroscopy and finite element calculation analysis show that ZrOx nanoclusters served as “pillars” to effectively produce porous structures with enough boundary defect while maintaining the layered structure, thereby significantly reducing solid state thermal conductivity (≈0.32 W m−1 K−1, 298–573 K). Moreover, the layered inorganic silicate material assembled aerogel also exhibits superior thermal insulation performance from room temperature (0.034 W m−1 K−1, 298 K, air conditions) to high temperature (0.187 W m−1 K−1, 1073 K, air conditions) and largely enhanced compressive strength (42 kPa at 80% compression), which is the best layered material‐based aerogel that has achieved synergistic improvement in thermal and mechanical performance so far. Layered inorganic silicate aerogel pillared by nanoclusters will pave a new avenue for the design of advanced thermal insulation materials under extreme conditions.
A Universal Strategy for Synthesis of 2D Ternary Transition Metal Phosphorous Chalcogenides
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Jijian , Zhao Chunyu , Liang Qingrong , Dong Weikang , Shi Jia , Wang Ping , Kong Denan , Lv Lu , Jia Lin , Wang Dainan , Huang Chun , Zheng Shoujun , Wang Meiling , Liu Fucai , Yu Peng , Qiao Jingsi , Ji Wei , Zhou Jiadong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe 2D ternary transition metal phosphorous chalcogenides (TMPCs) have attracted extensive research interest due to their widely tunable band gap, rich electronic properties, inherent magnetic and ferroelectric properties. However, the synthesis of TMPCs via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is still challenging since it is difficult to control reactions among multi‐precursors. Here, a subtractive element growth mechanism is proposed to controllably synthesize the TMPCs. Based on the growth mechanism, the TMPCs including FePS3, FePSe3, MnPS3, MnPSe3, CdPS3, CdPSe3, In2P3S9, and SnPS3 are achieved successfully and further confirmed by Raman, second‐harmonic generation (SHG), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The typical TMPCs–SnPS3 shows a strong SHG signal at 1064 nm, with an effective nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) of 8.41 × 10−11 m V−1, which is about 8 times of that in MoS2. And the photodetector based on CdPSe3 exhibits superior detection performances with responsivity of 582 mA W−1, high detectivity of 3.19 × 1011 Jones, and fast rise time of 611 µs, which is better than most previously reported TMPCs‐based photodetectors. These results demonstrate the high quality of TMPCs and promote the exploration of the optical properties of 2D TMPCs for their applications in optoelectronics.
Enhanced Visualization and Interpretation of XMCD‐PEEM Data Using SOM‐RPM Machine Learning
Authors: Wong See Yoong , Harmer Sarah L. , Gardner Wil , Schenk Alex K. , Ballabio Davide , Pigram Paul J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhotoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is a powerful technique for surface characterization that provides detailed information on the chemical and structural properties of materials at the nanoscale. In this study, the potential is explored using a machine learning algorithm called self‐organizing map with a relational perspective map (SOM‐RPM) for visualizing and analyzing complex PEEM‐generated datasets. The application of SOM‐RPM is demonstrated using synchrotron‐based X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)‐PEEM data acquired from a pyrrhotite sample. Traditional visualization approaches for XMCD‐PEEM data may not fully capture the complexity of the sample, especially in the case of heterogeneous materials. By applying SOM‐RPM to the XMCD‐PEEM data, a colored topographic map is created that represents the spectral similarities and dissimilarities among the pixels. This approach allows for a more intuitive and easily interpretable representation of the data without the need of data binning or spectral smoothing. The results of the SOM‐RPM analysis are compared to the conventional visualization approach, highlighting the advantages of SOM‐RPM in revealing features that are not readily observable in the conventional method. This study suggests that the SOM‐RPM approach can be used complimentarily for other PEEM‐based measurements, such as core level and valence band X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.