bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharp a-contraction estimates for small extremal shocks
Authors: Golding William M. , Krupa Sam G. , Vasseur Alexis F. 
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we study the [Formula: see text]-contraction property of small extremal shocks for 1-d systems of hyperbolic conservation laws endowed with a single convex entropy, when subjected to large perturbations. We show that the weight coefficient [Formula: see text] can be chosen with amplitude proportional to the size of the shock. The main result of this paper is a key building block in the companion paper [G. Chen, S. G. Krupa and A. F. Vasseur, Uniqueness and weak-BV stability for [Formula: see text] conservation laws, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 246(1) (2022) 299–332] in which uniqueness and BV-weak stability results for [Formula: see text] systems of hyperbolic conservation laws are proved.
Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Palladium-Cobalt Alloy Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yasmin Sabina , Kabir Md Humayun , Shaikh Md Aftab Ali , Jeon Seungwon 
Published: November 2023

Pd-Co alloy nanoparticles were synthesized on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The morphological structure, chemical composition, and crystallinity of the afforded ErGO/Pd-Co catalyst were examined by various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The Pd-Co alloy nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the ErGO sheet and had a narrow size distribution, with an average particle size of 4.25 nm. The ORR activity of the as-prepared ErGO/Pd-Co alloy catalyst was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, rotating disk electrode, and rotating ring disk electrode techniques in an alkaline electrolyte. The ErGO/Pd-Co catalyst exhibits a very high electrocatalytic activity in ORR with the mass activity more than 2.0 times of the commercial 20% Pt/C due to the synergistic catalytic effect of both ErGO and Pd-Co nanoparticles. Electrocatalytic kinetics investigation shows that, the ORR on the ErGO/Pd-Co catalyst proceeds through four electrons transferred mechanism with negligible amount of peroxide species. Moreover, the ErGO/Pd-Co shows an excellent methanol tolerance than the commercial 20% Pt/C.
A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Arthropod Diversity and Vegetation Diversity in Four Contrasting Ecosystems in Hanthana Mountain Range of Sri Lanka, during the Post-Monsoon Dry Season
Authors: Weerathunga W. A. Manasee , Athapaththu A. M. Gihan , Amarasinghe L. D. 
Published: November 2023

This study assesses the relationship between arthropod and vegetation diversity in four ecosystems with different types of vegetation, during a post-monsoonal season. We determined the arthropod diversity in vegetation surrounding an aquatic environment (AQ), a broad-leaved wet, evergreen forest ecosystem (BL), a Pinus caribaea monoculture plantation (PN), and a Pinus plantation artificially enriched with indigenous broad-leaved tree species (PNEN) located in the Hanthana mountain range, Sri Lanka. Arthropods randomly sampled from three randomly selected sites (5 m × 5 m) of each ecosystem were identified up to the highest possible taxa using standard identification keys. Woody and herbal vegetation was identified via a plant census. Arthropod and vegetation diversities were computed separately for each site using the Shannon–Wiener Index (H). Arthropods of 68 species and 43 families were found. AQ had the greatest arthropod diversity (H = 2.642), dominated by Olios spp., followed by BL (H = 2.444), dominated by a tettigonid species, Oxytate spp. and Psechrus spp. PN was third (H = 1.411), dominated by Dicaldispa spp. PNEN had the lowest (H = 1.3500), dominated by an ant species. Contrastingly, PNEN had the highest plant diversity (H = 2.614) and PN, the lowest (H = 0.879). In AQ, BL, and PN, the arthropod diversity was linearly dependent on plant diversity (R2 = 0.423,

p

≤ 0.001), whereas it was not so when PNEN was also included (R2 = 0.008,

p

≤ 0.001). This shows that higher plant diversity contributes to greater arthropod diversity in ecosystems where human intervention is minimal. But this pattern was not visible in PNEN, which is an artificially created ecosystem.
Mapping Connectivity Patterns: Degree-Based Topological Indices of Corona Product Graphs
Authors: Ali Nasir , Kousar Zaeema , Safdar Maimoona , Tolasa Fikadu Tesgara , Suleiman Enoch 
Published: November 2023

Graph theory (GT) is a mathematical field that involves the study of graphs or diagrams that contain points and lines to represent the representation of mathematical truth in a diagrammatic format. From simple graphs, complex network architectures can be built using graph operations. Topological indices (TI) are graph invariants that correlate the physicochemical and interesting properties of different graphs. TI deal with many properties of molecular structure as well. It is important to compute the TI of complex structures. The corona product (CP) of two graphs

G

and

H

gives us a new graph obtained by taking one copy of

G

and

V

G

copies of

H

and joining the

i

th vertex of

G

to every vertex in the

i

th copy of

H

. In this paper, based on various CP graphs composed of paths, cycles, and complete graphs, the geometric index (GA) and atom bond connectivity (ABC) index are investigated. Particularly, we discussed the corona products

P

s

⨀

P

t

,

C

t

⨀

C

s

,

K

t

⊙

K

s

,

K

t

⊙

P

s

, and

P

s

⊙

K

t

and GA and ABC index. Moreover, a few molecular graphs and physicochemical features may be predicted by considering relevant mathematical findings supported by proofs.
First-in-Human Study with Preclinical Data of BCL-2/BCL-xL Inhibitor Pelcitoclax in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Lakhani Nehal J. , Rasco Drew , Wang Hengbang , Men Lichuang , Liang Eric , Fu Tommy , Collins Mary C. , Min Ping , Yin Yan , Davids Matthew S. , Yang Dajun , Zhai Yifan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (BCL-xL) regulates apoptosis and is an attractive anticancer therapeutic target. However, BCL-xL inhibition also kills mature platelets, hampering clinical development. Using an innovative prodrug strategy, we have developed pelcitoclax (APG-1252), a potent, dual BCL-2 and BCL-xL inhibitor. Aims of this study were to characterize the antitumor activity and safety of pelcitoclax and explore its underlying mechanisms of action (MOA).

Patients and Methods:
Cell line–derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were tested to evaluate antitumor activity and elucidate MOA. Subjects (N = 50) with metastatic small-cell lung cancer and other solid tumors received intravenous pelcitoclax once or twice weekly. Primary outcome measures were safety and tolerability; preliminary efficacy (responses every 2 cycles per RECIST version 1.1) represented a secondary endpoint.

Results:
Pelcitoclax exhibited strong BAX/BAK‒dependent and caspase-mediated antiproliferative and apoptogenic activity in various cancer cell lines. Consistent with cell-based apoptogenic activity, pelcitoclax disrupted BCL-xL:BIM and BCL-xL:PUMA complexes in lung and gastric cancer PDX models. Levels of BCL-xL complexes correlated with tumor growth inhibition by pelcitoclax. Combined with taxanes, pelcitoclax enhanced antitumor activity by downregulating antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1). Importantly, pelcitoclax was well tolerated and demonstrated preliminary therapeutic efficacy, with overall response and disease control rates of 6.5% and 30.4%, respectively. Most common treatment-related adverse events included transaminase elevations and reduced platelets that were less frequent with a once-weekly schedule.

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate that pelcitoclax has antitumor activity and is well tolerated, supporting its further clinical development for human solid tumors, particularly combined with agents that downregulate MCL-1.
Early-onset Colon Cancer Shows a Distinct Intestinal Microbiome and a Host–Microbe Interaction
Authors: Adnan Darbaz , Trinh Jonathan Q. , Sharma Deepak , Alsayid Muhammad , Bishehsari Faraz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The incidence rate of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been rising in developed countries. This trend may be attributed to environmental exposures as a result of lifestyle changes. Many of the lifestyle factors that promote colorectal cancer can also affect the gut microbiome, which may be associated with colorectal cancer risks. The role of the microbiome in the ongoing rise of early-onset colorectal cancer is unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate age-related differences in the gut microbiome of patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals by examining both the fecal and tumor microbiomes. We utilized the publicly accessible data on fecal shotgun metagenomics from CuratedMetagenomeData and TCGA via the GDC Data Portal. Comparison of 701 colorectal cancer and 693 controls revealed that microbial features were age dependent, with a significant difference in species enrichment between early-onset (&lt;50 years) and late-onset (&gt;65 years) patients with colorectal cancer. Analysis of the tumor-associated microbiome in a separate dataset of 85 patients with colorectal cancer verified age-specific differences in taxon abundance between early- and late-onset patients with colorectal cancer. Finally, using host gene expression data, we found a stronger microbe–host interaction in early- vs. late-onset colorectal cancers. Altogether, these findings indicate that microbial features were age-dependent with stronger microbial–host interactions at the tumor site in early-onset colorectal cancers, suggesting a direct role of microbes in tumorigenesis via interaction with cancer-related pathways in this age group.

Prevention Relevance:
Early-onset colorectal cancer is on the rise, presumably because of changes in environmental exposures. Lifestyle changes may contribute to colorectal cancer via alterations in gut microbes. Here, we show that microbial association with colorectal cancer is age-dependent, and microbe interactions with tumor pathways are stronger in young versus older colorectal cancers.
Eradicating Atherosclerotic Events by Targeting Early Subclinical Disease: It Is Time to Retire the Therapeutic Paradigm of Too Much, Too Late
Authors: Williams Kevin Jon 
Published: November 2023

Recent decades have seen spectacular advances in understanding and managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but paradoxically, clinical progress has stalled. Residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events is particularly vexing, given recognized lifestyle interventions and powerful modern medications. Why?
Atherosclerosis begins early in life, yet clinical trials and mechanistic studies often emphasize terminal, end-stage plaques, meaning on the verge of causing heart attacks and strokes. Thus, current clinical evidence drives us to emphasize aggressive treatments that are delayed until patients already have advanced arterial disease. I call this paradigm “too much, too late.”
This brief review covers exciting efforts that focus on preventing, or finding and treating, arterial disease before its end-stage. Also included are specific proposals to establish a new evidence base that could justify intensive short-term interventions (induction-phase therapy) to treat subclinical plaques that are early enough perhaps to heal. If we can establish that such plaques are actionable, then broad screening to find them in early midlife individuals would become imperative—and achievable. You have a lump in your coronaries! can motivate patients and clinicians.
We must stop thinking of a heart attack as a disease. The real disease is atherosclerosis. In my opinion, an atherosclerotic heart attack is a medical failure. It is a manifestation of longstanding arterial disease that we had allowed to progress to its end-stage, despite knowing that atherosclerosis begins early in life and despite the availability of remarkably safe and highly effective therapies.
The field needs a transformational advance to shift the paradigm out of end-stage management and into early interventions that hold the possibility of eradicating the clinical burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, currently the biggest killer in the world. We urgently need a new evidence base to redirect our main focus from terminal, end-stage atherosclerosis to earlier, and likely reversible, human arterial disease.
International Criminal Justice at the Russia-Ukraine Crossroads
Authors: Frulli Micaela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The international community’s judicial response to the aggression of Russia against Ukraine in February 2022 and to the ensuing conflict is unprecedented in many ways. This article focuses on the investigations into the commission of war crimes and other serious international crimes conducted by Ukrainian authorities, other national authorities, various international bodies and the International Criminal Court (ICC), whose jurisdiction was triggered by a referral by 43 States parties to the ICC Statute. Some critical remarks are offered on the ambivalent relationship between Ukraine and the ICC. Ukraine is not a party to the ICC Statute, but the Court can exercise its jurisdiction by virtue of two ad hoc declarations rendered in 2014 and 2015. Despite the time that has elapsed since these declarations, Ukraine has not yet ratified the Statute and its government seems oriented to exploit the ICC mainly in an anti-Russian perspective. More in general, the huge efforts put in place by the international community in the investigation of international crimes committed in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine are disproportionate when compared to all other situations investigated and are already attracting criticism about selective justice. Such efforts represent on the one hand a potential model for a coordinated intervention in situations where mass atrocities are committed, on the other hand they are likely to remain isolated and confirm the perception that international criminal justice and the ICC are instruments in the hands of a few States.
The 2022 Italian Constitutional Court Judgment on Children’s Surnames: An International Human Rights Law Perspective
Authors: Fabbricotti Alberta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After many years of uncertainty regarding Italian legislation on the attribution of surnames to children, in 2022 the Constitutional Court finally broke the delay and identifid both the general rule governing this issue and its possible exceptions. Unlike in the past, with Judgment No. 131/2022 the Court no longer adopted an attitude of self-restraint by referring to the legislature, but demonstrated judicial activism by “reforming” the entire discipline. The Court has eliminated the last remnants of the automatism of the paternal surname, establishing the double surname as a general rule, that is, the succession of the parents’ surnames, and the surname of only one parent as an exception. This contribution develops around three interrelated topics: the first is a reconstruction of the long jurisprudential path that preceded Judgment No. 131/2022, the second is an analysis of the innovations that this judgment brought about, and the third explains how this evolution was largely determined by a progressive adaptation of the solutions taken by the Constitutional Court to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Among the yardsticks of constitutional legality relied on by the Court, no reference was made to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, which is the only international treaty that provides for a specific obligation concerning the choice of children’s surnames, one intended to ensure equal rights for fathers and mothers.
Projected Changes in the Onset of the Summer Monsoon over the South Asian Marginal Seas Modulated by Intraseasonal Oscillation
Authors: Wang Lu , Cheng Yifeng , Chen Xiaolong , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The onset of the summer monsoon associated with global warming is of great concern to the scientific community. While observational data diagnosis has shown the impact of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) on the monsoon onset, how the ISO may affect the onset of monsoon under global warming remains unknown. Here, by analyzing the onset of the summer monsoon over the South Asian marginal seas projected by models in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) under the SSP5–8.5 scenario, we show evidence that the majority of models (>70%) project an earlier onset over the Arabian Sea (ArS) but a delayed onset over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the South China Sea (SCS). The temporal shifts of the monsoon onset are attributed to the changes in the premonsoon northward migration of equatorial ISO (NMISO), which is a trigger of monsoon onset and will be advanced (postponed) over the ArS (BoB and SCS). The subtropical upper-level westerly anomaly, inducing delayed occurrence of easterly shear, acts to delay the NMISO over the entire Indian Ocean. However, the intensified low-level southerly wind over the ArS, as well as its induced asymmetric pattern of boundary layer moisture work together to advance the premonsoon NMISO in the area, outweighing the delayed impact from vertical shear. These large-scale circulation changes are driven by tropical warming in the upper troposphere, land warming over the Arabian Peninsula, and ocean warming over the eastern Pacific. This analysis enriches monsoon onset projections by highlighting the role of ISO in influencing the future changes in monsoon onset.
Comparison between Developing and Nondeveloping Disturbances for Tropical Cyclogenesis in Different Large-Scale Flow Patterns over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Ziqing , Chen Guanghua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study classifies 407 developing disturbances (DEV) and 2309 nondeveloping disturbances (NONDEV) over the western North Pacific into five large-scale circulation patterns, namely the pre-existing cyclone (PC), easterly wave (EW), zonal wind convergence (CON), zonal wind shear line (SL), and mixed zonal wind convergence and shear line (CON-SL) patterns. The SL pattern has the highest TC yield percentage, followed by the CON-SL, while the EW is the least favorable pattern. The composite analysis shows that upper-level divergence, midlevel relative humidity, and surface heat flux (SHF) growth are crucial to the disturbance development in all the five patterns. Besides, large lower-level barotropic kinetic energy conversion and a well-developed primary circulation are good indicators for disturbance development in the PC, EW, and CON rather than in the SL and CON-SL patterns. Furthermore, for the PC, EW and CON patterns, the DEV features strong and rapidly growing SHF and mesoscale convective systems (MCS) closer to the disturbance center, which allows deep-layer warming and moistening, and drives a deep secondary circulation. Interestingly, due to an environment with high lower-level vorticity, the SL and CON-SL patterns typically foster a relatively mature primary circulation with strong SHF and MCS concentrated close to the center, especially for the NONDEV at the pre-genesis stage. However, a drier mid-to-upper-level environment for the NONDEV inhibits deep convection, which may explain its shallow secondary circulation and therefore poor potential to develop further.
Testing Stochastic and Perturbed Parameter Methods in an Experimental 1-km Warn-on-Forecast System Using NSSL’s Phased-Array Radar Observations
Authors: Stratman Derek R. , Yussouf Nusrat , Kerr Christopher A. , Matilla Brian C. , Lawson John R. , Wang Yaping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The success of the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s (NSSL) experimental Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) to provide useful probabilistic guidance of severe and hazardous weather is mostly due to the frequent assimilation of observations, especially radar observations. Phased-array radar (PAR) technology, which is a potential candidate to replace the current U.S. operational radar network, would allow for even more rapid assimilation of radar observations by providing full-volumetric scans of the atmosphere every ∼1 min. Based on previous studies, more frequent PAR data assimilation can lead to improved forecasts, but it can also lead to ensemble underdispersion and suboptimal observation assimilation. The use of stochastic and perturbed parameter methods to increase ensemble spread is a potential solution to this problem. In this study, four stochastic and perturbed parameter methods are assessed using a 1-km-scale version of the WoFS and include the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter (SKEB) scheme, the physically based stochastic perturbation (PSP) scheme, a fixed perturbed parameters (FPP) method, and a novel surface-model scheme blending (SMSB) method. Using NSSL PAR observations from the 9 May 2016 tornado outbreak, experiments are conducted to assess the impact of the methods individually, in different combinations, and with different cycling intervals. The results from these experiments reveal the potential benefits of stochastic and perturbed parameter methods for future versions of the WoFS. Stochastic and perturbed parameter methods can lead to more skillful forecasts during periods of storm development. Moreover, a combination of multiple methods can result in more skillful forecasts than using a single method.

Significance Statement
Phased-array radar technology allows for more frequent assimilation of radar observations into ensemble forecast systems like the experimental Warn-on-Forecast System. However, more frequent radar data assimilation can eventually cause issues for prediction systems due to the lack of ensemble spread. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the use of four stochastic and perturbed parameter methods in a next-generation Warn-on-Forecast System to generate ensemble spread and help prevent the issues from frequent radar data assimilation. Results from this study indicate the stochastic and perturbed parameter methods can improve forecasts of storms, especially during storm development.