bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of nitrogen-doped shielding gas for welding of medium manganese austenites for cryogenic applications
Authors: Neef Philipp , Reppin Christoph , Treutler Kai , Gericke Andreas , Henkel Knuth-Michael , Wesling Volker 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe relevance of technical gases is constantly increasing due to environmental and climate policy requirements. The storage and transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) takes place under cryogenic conditions with substantial volume reduction due to significant storage efficiency. Consequently, there are specific requirements for the mechanical properties of the applied materials at cryogenic temperatures. The materials used so far have been cold-hard, high-nickel austenites, and martensitic steels of the X8Ni9 type. The austenitic materials offer good processing properties, but due to their comparatively low strength and high costs, these materials are not attractive. In contrast, the welding of the martensite has a significant negative impact on the processing quality and the automation of the process. In order to address the problems of automation, material costs, and mechanical properties, particularly high strength and cold toughness, the application of innovative austenitic steels with a medium as well as a high manganese content is suggested. For the qualification of medium manganese austenites as a substitute for maritime applications, the welding processing of an X2CrMnNiN17-7–5 (1.4371) is considered under the aspects of the standards and guidelines of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the classification society Det Norske Veritas (DNV). Preliminary investigations have revealed that the application of a conventional filler metal of type G 20 16 3 Mn N L in combination with nitrogen doping of the M12-ArC-2.5 shielding gas according to DIN EN ISO 14175 results in a significant enhancement of the mechanical properties. The addition of 4% nitrogen into the shielding gas caused a diffusion-induced increase in the nitrogen content of the weld metal and a simultaneous increase in strength. Additionally, there were no negative influences on the austenitic microstructure. In consideration of the qualification specifications for welded joints and filler metals of the standards and guidelines according to IACS, IMO, and DNV, the joint welds are examined, and the qualification of the welding process is envisaged. For this purpose, comparative welds of the mentioned material combination are carried out and compared with both the initial gas mixtures and the nitrogen-doped shielding gas.
Development of Prospective Elementary Teachers´ Beliefs About Mathematics During Their First Semester at University, and the Impact of Inquiry-Based Tasks
Authors: Weber T. , Rathgeb-Schnierer E. , Eichler A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn important aim of teacher education in mathematics, especially for prospective elementary teachers, is to develop desirable beliefs about mathematics that positively affect teachers’ professional practice. Thus, we subdivide our study into two parts. First, we examine whether, and how, beliefs of prospective elementary teachers develop in their first semester. In this part, we consider beliefs as relatively stable constructs (Liljedahl et al., in Nordic Studies in Education, 17(3–4), 101-118 2012) and examine whether the first semester stimulus is strong enough to change these beliefs. Second, we examine a teaching approach based on inquiry-based tasks for first-semester prospective elementary teachers. The tasks encourage prospective elementary teachers to actively engage in mathematics by exploring basic mathematical structures, relations, and patterns. To assess the two parts, we conducted a pre-post-test study. We collected data at two universities with different teaching approaches (inquiry-based teaching approach and classic teaching approach). We administered a questionnaire both at the beginning and at the end of the semester to measure the beliefs changes of prospective elementary teachers. The study is considered a natural experiment because students were not randomly selected. Comparability for university-specific data sets was achieved through the procedure of propensity score matching. The results suggest that the first semester of prospective elementary teachers contributes to changes in their beliefs about the nature of mathematics. In addition, the data provide evidence that inquiry-based teaching approaches may contribute to the desirable development of certain beliefs of prospective elementary teachers.
In humans, we trust
Authors: Kyriakou Kyriakos , Otterbacher Jahna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlgorithms have greatly advanced and become integrated into our everyday lives. Although they support humans in daily functions, they often exhibit unwanted behaviors perpetuating social stereotypes, discrimination, and other forms of biases. Regardless of their accuracy on task, many algorithms do not get scrutinized for unintended behaviors in a systematic way. This phenomenon can propagate and amplify existing societal issues or even create new ones. Many have called for human supervision (human oversight) of algorithmic processes. Oversight is often presented as a way of monitoring algorithmic behavior, as to then address identified issues, by initiating a fix or even correcting the final decision. Unfortunately, a common consensus is missing in the scientific community as to what all human oversight entails. Most importantly, the requirements for a successful application of a human oversight process are only vaguely defined. To address this, we present a critical synthesis of five key articles from different domains, which discuss requirements for human oversight. We use the concept of the Society-in-the-Loop (SITL) [1] as the baseline for understanding and mapping these requirements. In addition, we comment on the requirements and the overall multidisciplinary trend around the topic. Then, we present the concept of a Modular Oversight Methodology (MOM) following the SITL viewpoint, by also considering the requirements identified from the selected literature. Finally, we present a set of suggestions and future work required for a successful application of a human oversight process in a SITL approach.
From Mind to Matter: Patterns of Innovation in the Archaeological Record and the Ecology of Social Learning
Authors: Demps Kathryn , Herzog Nicole M. , Clark Matt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArchaeology and cultural evolution theory both predict that environmental variation and population size drive the likelihood of inventions (via individual learning) and their conversion to population-wide innovations (via social uptake). We use the case study of the adoption of the bow and arrow in the Great Basin to infer how patterns of cultural variation, invention, and innovation affect investment in new technologies over time and the conditions under which we could predict cultural innovation to occur. Using an agent-based simulation to investigate the conditions that manifest in the innovation of technology, we find the following: (1) increasing ecological variation results in a greater reliance on individual learning, even when this decreases average fitness due to the costs of learning; (2) decreasing population size increases variability in the types of learning strategies that individuals use; among smaller populations drift-like processes may contribute to randomization in interpopulation cultural diffusion; (3) increasing the mutation rate affects the variability in learning patterns at different rates of environmental variation; and (4) increasing selection pressure increases the reliance on social learning. We provide an open-source R script for the model and encourage others to use it to test additional hypotheses.
Who’s afraid of homophones? A multimethodological approach to homophony avoidance
Authors: De Smet Isabeau , Rosseel Laura 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Homophony avoidance has often been claimed to be a mechanism of language change. We investigate this mechanism in Dutch by applying two strands of research – corpus studies and experimental data – to find support for claims based on earlier historical observations. Throughout the history of Dutch, homophony avoidance has been named as the cause of language change or inhibition of change on several occasions. We build on these historical observations with an experimental study and a corpus study on a synchronic Dutch alternation, where avoidance of homophony between present and past tense can appear. Plurals of verbs with a stem ending in a dental show homophony with the present when they are used in the preterite (compare zetten ‘put’ pst-pl with zetten ‘put’ prs-pl). This homophony can be avoided by using the perfectum (hebben gezet ‘have put’). A wug-style experiment shows that verbs with dental stem are indeed used significantly more in the perfectum in the plural than in the singular, while verbs without dental stem do not show this difference. A corpus study on Dutch further corroborates these results. Combined, these studies make a strong case for homophony avoidance as a plausible mechanism of language change.
A variable stiffness robotic gripper based on parallel beam with vision-based force sensing for flexible grasping
Authors: Fu Jiaming , Yu Ziqing , Guo Qianyu , Zheng Lianxi , Gan Dongming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The demand for flexible grasping of various objects by robotic hands in the industry is rapidly growing. To address this, we propose a novel variable stiffness gripper (VSG). The VSG design is based on a parallel-guided beam structure inserted by a slider from one end, allowing stiffness variation by changing the length of the parallel beams participating in the system. This design enables continuous adjustment between high compliance and high stiffness of the gripper fingers, providing robustness through its mechanical structure. The linear analytical model of the deflection and stiffness of the parallel beam is derived, which is suitable for small and medium deflections. The contribution of each parameter of the parallel beam to the stiffness is analyzed and discussed. Also, a prototype of the VSG is developed, achieving a stiffness ratio of 70.9, which is highly competitive. Moreover, a vision-based force sensing method utilizing ArUco markers is proposed as a replacement for traditional force sensors. By this method, the VSG is capable of closed-loop control during the grasping process, ensuring efficiency and safety under a well-defined grasping strategy framework. Experimental tests are conducted to emphasize the importance and safety of stiffness variation. In addition, it shows the high performance of the VSG in adaptive grasping for asymmetric scenarios and its ability to flexible grasping for objects with various hardness and fragility. These findings provide new insights for future developments in the field of variable stiffness grippers.
Relationship between age and method of population estimation and the impact of changes in range-size maps on the IUCN Red List assessments of birds
Authors: Wiedenfeld David A. , Tognelli Marcelo F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Population size is one component of several criteria in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (Red List). For these criteria, the quality of the population estimation can therefore have significant impact on the assessed status. To evaluate population estimate quality, we selected 473 species of land birds from the Americas considered by the Red List to be “Critically Endangered”, “Endangered”, or “Vulnerable” at the end of 2021, of which 414 (88%) had a population size estimate. For these species, we determined the age of the estimate and how the population estimate was derived, grouped into eight categories. For 87 species (18%) the population estimate was derived by sampling a small area and extrapolating to the entire range of the species; for these, the population size estimate depends on the estimate of range size. For the subset of 22 of these with complete data, we compared range size estimates obtained from maps published by IUCN with maps produced using the methods of Huang et al. (2021) to see how range map differences could affect population size estimates and therefore Red List status. Potentially half of these species (11 of 22) could change status using the new maps. More than one-third of the population size estimates (38%, 161 species with a date of population estimate) were made in 2000 or earlier. A majority of the species, 63% (300 of 473 species), do not have population size estimates made using a scientific sampling method, although the majority since 2010 have been made using a sampling method, reflecting an effort by Red List assessors to include more scientific information. We encourage the ornithological community to work to obtain current, high quality population size and range estimates to improve the quality of Red List status assessments.
Carmofur prevents cell cycle progression by reducing E2F8 transcription in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells
Authors: Hawkins Cyntanna C. , Jones Amber B. , Gordon Emily R. , Harsh Yuvika , Ziebro Julia K. , Willey Christopher D. , Griguer Corinne , Crossman David K. , Cooper Sara J. , Ramanadham Sasanka , Doan Ninh , Hjelmeland Anita B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in many cancers, allowing cells to evade apoptosis through increased sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and decreased ceramides. Ceramidases hydrolyze ceramides to sphingosine, which is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinases to generate S1P. The S1P allows cells to evade apoptosis by shifting the equilibrium away from ceramides, which favor cell death. One tumor type that exhibits a shift in the sphingolipid balance towards S1P is glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor. GBMs almost always recur despite surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Understanding sphingolipid metabolism in GBM is still limited, and currently, there are no approved treatments to target dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in GBM. Carmofur, a derivative of 5-fluorouracil, inhibits acid ceramidase (ASAH1), a key enzyme in the production of S1P, and is in use outside the USA to treat colorectal cancer. We find that the mRNA for ASAH1, but not other ceramidases, is elevated in recurrent GBM. When TMZ-resistant GBM cells were treated with carmofur, decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis were observed along with cell cycle perturbations. RNA-sequencing identified decreases in cell cycle control pathways that were specific to TMZ-resistant cells. Furthermore, the transcription factor and G1 to S phase regulator, E2F8, was upregulated in TMZ-resistant versus parental GBM cells and inhibited by carmofur treatment in TMZ-resistant GBM cells, specifically. These data suggest a possible role for E2F8 as a mediator of carmofur effects in the context of TMZ resistance. These data suggest the potential utility of normalizing the sphingolipid balance in the context of recurrent GBM.
Cepharanthine, a regulator of keap1-Nrf2, inhibits gastric cancer growth through oxidative stress and energy metabolism pathway
Authors: Lu Yang-yang , Zhu Chun-yang , Ding Yi-xin , Wang Bing , Zhao Shu-fen , Lv Jing , Chen Shu-ming , Wang Sha-sha , Wang Yan , Wang Rui , Qiu Wen-sheng , Qi Wei-wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCepharanthine (CEP), a bioactive compound derived from Stephania Cephalantha Hayata, is cytotoxic to various malignancies. However, the underlying mechanism of gastric cancer is unknown. CEP inhibited the cellular activity of gastric cancer AGS, HGC27 and MFC cell lines in this study. CEP-induced apoptosis reduced Bcl-2 expression and increased cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, Bax, and Bad expression. CEP caused a G2 cell cycle arrest and reduced cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2) expression. Meanwhile, it increased oxidative stress, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in gastric cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, CEP inhibited Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1) expression while activating NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocations, increasing transcription of Nrf2 target genes quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM). Furthermore, a combined analysis of targeted energy metabolism and RNA sequencing revealed that CEP could alter the levels of metabolic substances such as D (+) - Glucose, D-Fructose 6-phosphate, citric acid, succinic acid, and pyruvic acid, thereby altering energy metabolism in AGS cells. In addition, CEP significantly inhibited tumor growth in MFC BALB/c nude mice in vivo, consistent with the in vitro findings. Overall, CEP can induce oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2/Keap1 and alter energy metabolism, resulting in anti-gastric cancer effects. Our findings suggest a potential application of CEP in gastric cancer treatment.
Bioinspired rational design of bi-material 3D printed soft-hard interfaces
Authors: Saldívar M. C. , Tay E. , Isaakidou A. , Moosabeiki V. , Fratila-Apachitei L. E. , Doubrovski E. L. , Mirzaali M. J. , Zadpoor A. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDurable interfacing of hard and soft materials is a major design challenge caused by the ensuing stress concentrations. In nature, soft-hard interfaces exhibit remarkable mechanical performance, with failures rarely happening at the interface. Here, we mimic the strategies observed in nature to design efficient soft-hard interfaces. We base our geometrical designs on triply periodic minimal surfaces (i.e., Octo, Diamond, and Gyroid), collagen-like triple helices, and randomly distributed particles. A combination of computational simulations and experimental techniques, including uniaxial tensile and quad-lap shear tests, are used to characterize the mechanical performance of the interfaces. Our analyses suggest that smooth interdigitated connections, compliant gradient transitions, and either decreasing or constraining strain concentrations lead to simultaneously strong and tough interfaces. We generate additional interfaces where the abovementioned toughening mechanisms work synergistically to create soft-hard interfaces with strengths approaching the upper achievable limit and enhancing toughness values by 50%, as compared to the control group.
Low-dimensional heat conduction in surface phonon polariton waveguide
Authors: Pei Yu , Chen Li , Jeon Wonjae , Liu Zhaowei , Chen Renkun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeat conduction in solids is typically governed by the Fourier’s law describing a diffusion process due to the short wavelength and mean free path for phonons and electrons. Surface phonon polaritons couple thermal photons and optical phonons at the surface of polar dielectrics, possessing much longer wavelength and propagation length, representing an excellent candidate to support extraordinary heat transfer. Here, we realize clear observation of thermal conductivity mediated by surface phonon polaritons in SiO2 nanoribbon waveguides of 20-50 nm thick and 1-10 μm wide and also show non-Fourier behavior in over 50-100 μm distance at room and high temperature. This is enabled by rational design of the waveguide to control the mode size of the surface phonon polaritons and its efficient coupling to thermal reservoirs. Our work laid the foundation for manipulating heat conduction beyond the traditional limit via surface phonon polaritons waves in solids.
The assembly of the Mitochondrial Complex I Assembly complex uncovers a redox pathway coordination
Authors: McGregor Lindsay , Acajjaoui Samira , Desfosses Ambroise , Saïdi Melissa , Bacia-Verloop Maria , Schwarz Jennifer J. , Juyoux Pauline , von Velsen Jill , Bowler Matthew W. , McCarthy Andrew A. , Kandiah Eaazhisai , Gutsche Irina , Soler-Lopez Montserrat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Mitochondrial Complex I Assembly (MCIA) complex is essential for the biogenesis of respiratory Complex I (CI), the first enzyme in the respiratory chain, which has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, how MCIA facilitates CI assembly, and how it is linked with AD pathogenesis, is poorly understood. Here we report the structural basis of the complex formation between the MCIA subunits ECSIT and ACAD9. ECSIT binding induces a major conformational change in the FAD-binding loop of ACAD9, releasing the FAD cofactor and converting ACAD9 from a fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) enzyme to a CI assembly factor. We provide evidence that ECSIT phosphorylation downregulates its association with ACAD9 and is reduced in neuronal cells upon exposure to amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. These findings advance our understanding of the MCIA complex assembly and suggest a possible role for ECSIT in the reprogramming of bioenergetic pathways linked to Aβ toxicity, a hallmark of AD.
An integrated workflow for quantitative analysis of the newly synthesized proteome
Authors: Borteçen Toman , Müller Torsten , Krijgsveld Jeroen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe analysis of proteins that are newly synthesized upon a cellular perturbation can provide detailed insight into the proteomic response that is elicited by specific cues. This can be investigated by pulse-labeling of cells with clickable and stable-isotope-coded amino acids for the enrichment and mass spectrometric characterization of newly synthesized proteins (NSPs), however convoluted protocols prohibit their routine application. Here we report the optimization of multiple steps in sample preparation, mass spectrometry and data analysis, and we integrate them into a semi-automated workflow for the quantitative analysis of the newly synthesized proteome (QuaNPA). Reduced input requirements and data-independent acquisition (DIA) enable the analysis of triple-SILAC-labeled NSP samples, with enhanced throughput while featuring high quantitative accuracy. We apply QuaNPA to investigate the time-resolved cellular response to interferon-gamma (IFNg), observing rapid induction of targets 2 h after IFNg treatment. QuaNPA provides a powerful approach for large-scale investigation of NSPs to gain insight into complex cellular processes.
Fatal iatrogenic cerebral β-amyloid-related arteritis in a woman treated with lecanemab for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Solopova Elena , Romero-Fernandez Wilber , Harmsen Hannah , Ventura-Antunes Lissa , Wang Emmeline , Shostak Alena , Maldonado Jose , Donahue Manus J. , Schultz Daniel , Coyne Thomas M. , Charidimou Andreas , Schrag Matthew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report the case of a 79-year-old woman with Alzheimer’s disease who participated in a Phase III randomized controlled trial called CLARITY-AD testing the experimental drug lecanemab. She was randomized to the placebo group and subsequently enrolled in an open-label extension which guaranteed she received the active drug. After the third biweekly infusion, she suffered a seizure characterized by speech arrest and a generalized convulsion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed she had multifocal swelling and a marked increase in the number of cerebral microhemorrhages. She was treated with an antiepileptic regimen and high-dose intravenous corticosteroids but continued to worsen and died after 5 days. Post-mortem MRI confirmed extensive microhemorrhages in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. The autopsy confirmed the presence of two copies of APOE4, a gene associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and neuropathological features of moderate severity Alzheimer’s disease and severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, reactive macrophages and fibrinoid degeneration of vessel walls. There were deposits of β-amyloid in meningeal vessels and penetrating arterioles with numerous microaneurysms. We conclude that the patient likely died as a result of severe cerebral amyloid-related inflammation.