bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of proton implantation on the tribological properties of phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone)
Authors: Pei Xianqiang , Wang Qihua , Wang Haijun , Mu Bo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPhenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone) (PES‐C) was implanted with 110 keV protons in four doses of 1 × 1014, 5 × 1014, 2.5 × 1015, and 1.25 × 1016 ions cm−2. The friction and wear properties of both implanted and unimplanted PES‐C were investigated with a THT07–135 high‐temperature tribometer against a steel ball. Results revealed that the friction coefficient and wear rate both decreased with increasing doses: especially when the dose reached 1.25 × 1016 ions cm−2, its wear rate decreased nearly two orders of magnitude. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the size of wear debris of unimplanted PES‐C was greater than that of the implanted one. The worn surface of unimplanted PES‐C showed plastic deformation, plastic flow, and adhesiveness, whereas the worn surface of the implanted one showed only some mild nicks. The carbon element distribution map revealed that much more carbon element transferred to the counterpart steel ball friction against the implanted PES‐C. The IR spectrum showed that partial degradation might occur when PES‐C was implanted with protons. Measurement of hardness revealed an increase with increasing doses. The reason for the increase might be the formation of carbon‐rich structures on the surface of the sample. From the above, conclusions can be drawn that the wear mechanisms of unimplanted samples were mainly related to adhesion, plastic deformation, and plastic flow, whereas that of implanted samples was mainly attributed to mild “three‐body” wear. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1043–1048, 2004
Effects of compatibilizer on the layered silicate/ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposite
Authors: Suh Il Soon , Ryu Sung Hun , Bae Jong Hyun , Chang Young Wook 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDispersion behavior of monmorillonite (MMT) is investigated in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/MMT nanocomposite with various vinyl acetate content. Maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted polyethylenes with various MAH contents are used as a compatibilizer to enhance the dispersion of MMT. DMA and XRD studies indicate that an intercalated/exfoliated structure is obtained and vinyl acetate content and the concentration of PEMA play a critical role in EVA/MMT nanocomposite. Higher vinyl acetate content and concentration of grafted maleic anhydride result in better dispersion of MMT. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1057–1061, 2004
Comparison of extra-anatomic bypass grafting with angioplasty for atherosclerotic disease of the supra-aortic trunks
Authors: Modarai B , Ali T , Dourado R , Reidy J F , Taylor P R , Burnand K G 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Background
Symptomatic stenosis of the supra-aortic trunks (subclavian, innominate and common carotid arteries) can be treated by angioplasty/stenting or surgical bypass. The aim of this study was to compare the initial success and outcome of these two types of treatment.

Methods
A prospective database was used to collect information on the presentation, initial success, complications and outcome in 76 patients treated in a single centre between 1983 and 2003.

Results
Thirty-five surgical extra-anatomic bypasses were performed, 13 carotid to carotid, 14 carotid to subclavian, two carotid to axillary, three axillary to axillary, one subclavian to axillary and two subclavian to subclavian. One graft occluded after 19 years. No limbs were amputated and no patient had a stroke. The secondary patency rate was 97 per cent at a mean follow-up of 5 years. Forty-one angioplasties were attempted, 34 of the left subclavian, six of the right subclavian and one of the innominate artery. Angioplasty for six subclavian occlusions was unsuccessful. Twenty-seven of 33 arteries remained patent at a mean follow-up of 4 years after a successful endovascular procedure.

Conclusion
Extra-anatomic bypass for supra-aortic trunk disease has a better patency than angioplasty, with a comparable complication rate.
Elective sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation for multivessel disease involving significant LAD stenosis: One‐year clinical outcomes of 99 consecutive patients—the Rotterdam experience
Authors: Arampatzis Chourmouzios A. , Hoye Angela , Lemos Pedro A. , Saia Francesco , Tanabe Kengo , Degertekin Muzaffer , Sianos Georgios , Smits Pieter C. , van der Giessen Willem J. , McFadden Eugene , van Domburg Ron , de Feyter Pim , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) implantation for patients with multivessel disease, which included left anterior descending artery (LAD) treatment. Since April 2002, SES has been utilized as the device of choice for all interventions in our institution as part of the Rapamycin‐Eluting Stent Evaluated at Rotterdam Hospital (RESEARCH) registry. In the first 6 months of enrolment, 99 consecutive patients (17.6% of the total population) were treated for multivessel disease involving the LAD. The impact of SES implantation on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was evaluated. All the patients received SES in the LAD. Additional stent implantation in the right coronary artery, the left circumflex, or in all three major vessels was attempted successfully in 32 (32%), 51 (52%), and 16 (16%) of the treated patients respectively. During a mean follow‐up of 360 ± 59 days (range, 297–472 days), we had one death, one non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction, and eight patients required subsequent intervention. The event‐free survival of MACE at 1 year was 85.6%. SES implantation for multivessel disease in a consecutive series of patients is associated with low incidence of adverse events. The reported results are related predominantly to the reduction in repeat revascularization. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:57–60. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Magnetic Behavior of La2‐xRxBaCuO5 Oxides (R: Pr and Nd; x = 1 and 2).
Authors: Sanchez‐Capuchino R. , Climent E. , de Paz J. Romero , Saez‐Puche R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Benzocycloheptene and 1‐Benzoxepin Derivatives as α‐Sympathomimetic and Anorexigenic Agents.
Authors: Tandon Vishnu K. , Singh Kunwar A. , Awasthi Anoop K. , Khanna J. M. , Lal Bansi , Anand Nitya 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New and Facile Method for Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐Styryl Bromides by the Reduction of 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes Using LiAlH4—EtOAc (1:1).
Authors: Horibe Hideo , Kondo Kazuhiro , Okuno Hiroaki , Aoyama Toyohiko 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative C—C Bond‐Forming Reaction of Electron‐Rich Alkylbenzyl Ether with Trimethylvinyloxysilane.
Authors: Ying Bai‐Ping , Trogden Bridget G. , Kohlman Daniel T. , Liang Sidney X. , Xu Yao‐Chang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Orally Active Factor Xa Inhibitors: 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4‐c]pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Haginoya Noriyasu , Kobayashi Syozo , Komoriya Satoshi , Hirokawa Yumiko , Furugori Taketoshi , Nagahara Takayasu 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Nitrogen‐Containing Marine Natural Products.
Authors: Fernandez David , Ahaidar Abderaouf , Danelon Gerardo , Cironi Pablo , Marfil Marta , Perez Olga , Cuevas Carmen , Albericio Fernando , Joule John A. , Alvarez Mercedes 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Influence of rheumatoid arthritis in the enantioselective disposition of fenoprofen
Authors: Barissa Giuliano Rodrigo , Poggi Josiane Cristófani , Donadi Eduardo Antônio , dos Reis Marina Lemos , Lanchote Vera Lucia 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTo investigate the influence of rheumatoid arthritis on the stereoselective disposition of fenoprofen administered as a racemic mixture, eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving calcium rac‐fenoprofen (200 mg/8 h) and 7 healthy volunteers given single oral dose (600 mg) were investigated. Serial blood samples and urine were collected from zero to 24 h after fenoprofen (FEN) administration. The following differences were observed between the (+)‐(S) and (−)‐(R)‐FEN in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (means 95% CI, Wilcoxon test, P < 0.05): Cmax 14.1 (12.5–15.8) versus 3.6 (2.5–4.7) μg/ml; AUC 80.5 (67.3–93.7) versus 12.1 (8.8–15.4) μg·h/ml; ClT/f 1.3 (1.0–1.5) versus 9.1 (6.5–11.8) l/h; and t1/2 3.1 (2.3–3.9) versus 1.2 (0.8–1.6) h. The ClT/f of (−)‐(R)‐FEN was reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis when compared to healthy volunteers: 9.1 (6.5–11.8) versus 17.4 (13.9–20.9) l/h; P < 0.05 Mann–Whitney test. The administration of rac‐FEN as a single dose to healthy volunteers or multiple doses to patients with rheumatoid arthritis resulted in lower ClT/f for the (+)‐(S)‐FEN. The lower ClT/f of (−)‐(R)‐FEN observed for patients with rheumatoid arthritis is consistent with lower clearance by inversion, although other metabolic pathways, drug interactions, and bioavailability of the individual enantiomers may also contribute to the difference. Chirality 16:602–608, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neutrophil, not the tumor
Authors: Pentheroudakis George , Malamou‐Mitsi Vassiliki , Briasoulis Evangelos , Damala Konstantina , Vassou Amalia , Vartholomatos George , Kolaitis Nikos , Pavlidis Nikolas 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with resected breast carcinoma who received granulocyte—colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)–supported adjuvant chemotherapy exhibited an increase in their serum CA 15‐3 levels. The authors investigated the role of G‐CSF–induced neutrophil MUC1 expression in this setting.METHODSTwenty‐two patients with resected early breast carcinoma and 6 patients with high‐grade lymphoma received chemotherapy cycles with or without G‐CSF support. When given, G‐CSF was administered for either 5 or 10 days per cycle. Immunocytochemical staining and flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood neutrophils and bone marrow myeloid cells for MUC1 epitopes were performed during treatment.RESULTSAt baseline, the median serum CA 15‐3 was 16 U/mL, with weak MUC1 expression in peripheral neutrophils (median immunocytochemical score [ICCS] = 40, flow cytometric score [FCS] = 211 antibody molecules per neutrophil). For patients receiving chemotherapy cycles with 5‐day G‐CSF support, median CA 15‐3 levels increased moderately (median = 28 U/mL; P = 0.016) and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) did not increase, whereas ICC staining showed a moderate increase (median ICCS = 105; P = 0.015). For patients receiving chemotherapy cycles with 10‐day G‐CSF, serum CA 15‐3 levels increased 2–4‐fold from baseline levels and reached abnormal levels (median = 47; P < 0.0005) and the ANC increased (median = 21,400/mm3; P = 0.007), whereas significant induction of MUC1 expression occurred in the cell membrane and mostly in the cytoplasm of neutrophils (median ICCS = 162; P = 0.001). Flow cytometry detected increased cytoplasmic, but not surface, neutrophil MUC1 expression in the 10‐day G‐CSF group only (baseline median FCS = 3975, 4th cycle median = 6327 molecules per cell; P = 0.028). In the bone marrow, induction of MUC1 expression was observed in the 10‐day G‐CSF group only in band forms and neutrophils, but not in more immature myeloid cells. Serum CA 15‐3 levels and ICC score were found to demonstrate a linear relation. When ICCS and ANC were incorporated in a combined score, its relation with serum CA 15‐3 levels demonstrated a parabolic (cubic) pattern. Serum CA 15‐3 levels, ANC, and neutrophil MUC1 staining returned to baseline after the completion of therapy. No excess of malignant recurrences were observed.CONCLUSIONSWomen with resected breast carcinoma who received G‐CSF–primed chemotherapy showed serum CA 15‐3 elevation due to an increase in peripheral blood neutrophil number and induced neutrophil cytoplasmic MUC1 expression, which was caused by G‐CSF. Physicians should be aware of this interaction. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
2‐Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography imaging is predictive of pathologic response and survival after preoperative chemoradiation in patients with esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Swisher Stephen G. , Erasmus Jeremy , Maish Mary , Correa Arlene M. , Macapinlac Homer , Ajani Jaffer A. , Cox James D. , Komaki Ritsuko R. , Hong David , Lee Hoon K. , Putnam Joe B. , Rice David C. , Smythe W. Roy , Thai Linh , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Walsh Garrett L. , Wu Tsung‐Teh , Roth Jack A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to assess the value of 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in predicting the pathologic response and survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) and tumor resection. Preliminary reports suggest that FDG‐PET may be predictive of the response of esophageal carcinoma patients to preoperative CRT.METHODSEighty‐three patients with resectable esophageal carcinoma who underwent preoperative CRT and FDG‐PET and tumor resection were evaluated for pathologic response to CRT, percent residual tumor, and survival.RESULTSThe majority of patients in the current study were men (74 of 83 patients; 89%). Most tumors were adenocarcinomas (73 of 83 tumors; 88%) and clinical EUST3/4 (69 tumors; 83%) or N1 (46 tumors; 55%). FDG‐PET after preoperative CRT identified pathologic responders but failed to rule out microscopic residual tumor in 13 of 73 cases (18%). Pathologic response was found to correlate with the post‐CRT FDG‐PET standardized uptake value (SUV) (P = 0.03) and a post‐CRT FDG‐PET SUV of ≥ 4 was found to be the only preoperative factor to correlate with decreased survival (2‐year survival rate of 33% vs. 60%; P = 0.01). On univariate Cox regression analysis, only post‐CRT FDG‐PET was found to be correlated with post‐CRT survival (P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSPost‐CRT FDG‐PET was found to be predictive of pathologic response and survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma who undergo preoperative CRT. Esophagectomy should still be considered even if the post‐CRT FDG‐PET scan is normal because microscopic residual disease cannot be ruled out. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Fluorescence‐intensity multiplexing: Simultaneous seven‐marker, two‐color immunophenotyping using flow cytometry
Authors: Bradford Jolene A. , Buller Gayle , Suter Michael , Ignatius Michael , Beechem Joseph M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundConventional immuno‐based multiparameter flow cytometric analysis has been limited by the requirement of a dedicated detection channel for each antibody‐fluorophore set. To address the need to resolve multiple biological targets simultaneously, flow cytometers with as many as 10–15 detection channels have been developed. In this study, a new Zenon immunolabeling technology is developed that allows for multiple antigen detection per detection channel using a single fluorophore, through a unique method of fluorescence‐intensity multiplexing. By varying the Zenon labeling reagent‐to‐antibody molar ratio, the fluorescence intensity of the antibody‐labeled cellular targets can be used as a unique identifier. Although demonstrated in the present study with lymphocyte immunophenotyping, this approach is broadly applicable for any immuno‐based multiplexed flow cytomety assay.MethodsLymphocyte immunophenotyping of 38 clinical blood specimens using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56, CD19, and CD20 antibodies was performed using conventional flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence‐intensity multiplexing analysis. Conventional analysis measures a single antibody‐fluorophore per photomultiplier tube (PMT). Fluorescence‐intensity multiplex analysis simultaneously measures seven markers with two PMTs, using Zenon labeling reagent‐antibody complexes in a single tube: CD19, CD4, CD8, and CD16 antibodies labeled with Zenon Alexa Fluor®488 Mouse IgG1 labeling reagent and CD56, CD3, and CD20 antibodies labeled with Zenon R‐Phycoerythrin (R‐PE) Mouse IgG1 or IgG2b labeling reagents.ResultsThe lymphocyte immunophenotyping results from fluorescence‐intensity multiplexing using Zenon labeling reagents in a single tube were comparable to results from conventional flow cytometric analysis.ConclusionsSimultaneous evaluation of multiple antigens using a single fluorophore can be performed using antibodies labeled with varying ratios of a Zenon labeling reagent. Labeling two sets of antibodies with different Zenon labeling reagents can generate characteristic and distinguishable multivariate patterns. Combining multiple antibodies and fluorescent labels with fluorescence intensity multiplexing enables the resolution of more cellular targets than detection‐channels, allowing sophisticated multiparameter flow cytometric studies to be performed on less complex 2‐ or 3‐detection‐channel flow cytometers. For typical biological samples, approximately 2–4 cellular targets per detection channel can be resolved using this technique. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single‐cell gel electrophoresis assay monitors precise kinetics of DNA fragmentation induced during programmed cell death
Authors: Chandna Sudhir 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐cell gel electrophoresis, or the comet assay, a technique widely used for DNA damage analysis, has been used recently for detecting DNA fragmentation in cells undergoing apoptosis. However, the number of variants of this assay used thus far primarily detected the late stages of DNA fragmentation. Therefore, monitoring the progression of DNA fragmentation, which could greatly improve the analysis of cell death induction and progression at the single‐cell level, has not been possible with this assay.MethodsIn the present study, a modification of the original neutral comet assay developed by Ostling and Johanson (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 123:291–298, 1984) was used to detect various stages of DNA fragmentation. This assay involves cell lysis with anionic detergents at nearly neutral pH (9.5) and does not include high salt concentration, unlike most other published methods. BMG‐1 human glioma cells were induced to undergo programmed cell death by treating with a large dose (100 μM) of etoposide, and comets were prepared after different durations (1–24 h) of treatment.ResultsIn contrast to results of previously published studies, comets with different shapes reflecting progressive stages of DNA fragmentation were observed. Of these, six distinct shapes were identified and divided into three different categories based on the extent of fragmentation. Type A comets had a large head separated by a narrow “neck” region from an oval bulging tail that indicated initiation of fragmentation. Type B and C comets had a constantly diminishing head associated with a corresponding expansion of the tail and reflected intermediate and late stages of fragmentation, respectively. Type A and B comets appeared at a high frequency during early time points (1–6 h), whereas type C comets that indicated late stages of fragmentation were observed only after extended treatment (24 h). As a result, an elaborate kinetics of the progression of DNA fragmentation could be obtained.ConclusionThe present single‐cell gel electrophoresis assay offers a significant improvement in monitoring the kinetics of DNA fragmentation induced during programmed cell death. Coupled with its simplicity and the ability to detect responses of small cell subpopulations, this method can be used for a reliable and sensitive analysis of the progression of cell death in different cell types and treatment conditions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The necessity of observing real life situations: Palestinian‐Israeli violence as a laboratory for learning about social behaviour
Authors: Bar‐Tal Daniel 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSocial psychology emerged in the early part of the last century as a distinct discipline that focused on the study of social behaviour of individuals and collectives. Over time, however, social psychology has relatively ignored the ‘social’ part of the equation and has become mainly concerned with individual behaviour. The major part of social psychological research was carried out in the artificial context of the experimental laboratory. Studying social behaviour in real life contexts is essential, not only to return social psychology to its roots, but also to ensure that our contributions are both theoretically rich and socially valuable. Observation of real life situations is essential if we want to advance our understanding of how individuals and collectives behave. To illustrate the importance of a contextually rich social psychology and the usefulness of natural observations, the recent violent confrontation between the Israelis and the Palestinians is described and analysed, focusing on social behaviours of Israeli Jews. In conclusion, it is argued that social psychology should strive towards equilibrium between natural and experimental approaches, between personal and contextual emphases and between micro and macro perspectives. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Unusual Domino Retro‐Ene–Conia Reaction: Regio‐ and Stereoselective One‐Carbon Ring Expansion of Fenchol Derivatives
Authors: Rüedi Georg , Laikov Dimitri N. , Hansen Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe 2‐exo‐substituted fenchol derivatives 1–7, easily prepared from (−)‐fenchone in good‐to‐excellent yields, were pyrolyzed by dynamic gas‐phase thermo‐isomerization (DGPTI). At temperatures of ca. 620°, the substrates with a hydroxyallyl (1–4) or a hydroxypropargyl moiety (6) underwent an initial retro‐ene reaction under cleavage of the C(2)C(3) bond to form enol‐ene intermediates with no loss of optical activity. These intermediates then experience either tautomerization to the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated ketones or subsequent Conia rearrangement under one‐carbon ring expansion of the fenchone system to a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane framework. In the case of the isopropenyl substrate 3, the sterically crowded Conia product underwent a new type of ‘deethanation’ reaction by stepwise loss of two Me radicals, giving rise to the thermodynamically favored enone 21. A similar relaxation behavior was observed in the case of the ethynyl substrate 6, which showed a remarkable 1,3‐Me shift after the Conia reaction, leading to the α,β‐unsaturated cyclic ketone 25. The homolytic cleavage of the weakest single bond in 1–3 turned out to be a competing reaction pathway. Intramolecular H‐abstraction within the generated diradical intermediates produced the monocyclic ketones 8, 16, and 19, besides the products obtained by tautomerization and Conia reaction. In contrast, a Ph substituent at C(2) in 7 allowed only the passage through a diradical species to provide phenone 26, which was converted by regioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation to the optically active cyclopentanol 29. Both reaction channels, the domino retro‐ene–Conia rearrangement and the diradical‐promoted H‐transfer, have been shown to proceed highly stereoselectively. The absolute configuration of the newly formed stereogenic centers in all compounds was assigned by 1H‐NOE experiments. The reaction mechanism of the novel domino retro‐ene–Conia reaction was established by both a series of 2H‐ and 13C‐labeling experiments, as well as by a detailed computational analysis.