bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of Causes of Chronic Diarrhea Among Patients Admitted to Damascus Hospital Between 2020-2023
Authors: Alabbas Asia Mofeed , Alnoufi Asmaa MHD Motaz , Fawares Maamoun Ayman AL- , Ali Ayman Fahd 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Our study aims to look into the causes of chronic diarrhea in patients admitted to Damascus Hospital between the years 2020–2023.
Methods and materials:
we studied a group of patients who were admitted to Damascus Hospital according to certain admission and exclusion criteria. The study included 250 male and female patients, according to the type of a cross-sectional study between the years 2020 and 2023. The data was collected according to a paper form containing information about the clinical history, diagnosis, and laboratory tests, and was blanked in an Excel file. The results were extracted using the SPSS-28 statistical program.
Results
The study included 250 male and female patients, the most common age group (30–39 years), with a percentage of (32.8%), and the percentage of (males/females), (34.8%/65.2%), body mass index (25–30 kg/m2), (58.8%), the percentage of smokers (52%), the percentage of stomach cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma (10.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, respectively), chronic diarrhea was mainly accompanied by nausea and vomiting (92%), and heartburn ( 73.2%), abdominal bloating (78%), abdominal pain (76%), the rate of antibiotic use in the last three months (24%), intestinal resection (6.8%), and the rate of (IBS) (43.2%).
Conclusion
There is a statistically significant relationship between the distribution of symptoms and age, there is a statistically significant relationship between age and the causes of diarrhea, there is a statistically significant relationship between the characteristics of diarrhea and the final diagnosis, there is a statistically significant relationship between gender and the characteristics of diarrhea, and there is a statistically significant relationship between age and the characteristics of diarrhea.
Spatio-temporal modeling and risk ratio assessment of adult and egg mosquitoes abundance with consideration of environmental data in the island of Mayotte
Authors: Manou-Abi Solym 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work provides a spatio-temporal statistical modeling for egg and adult Aedes mosquitoes count data with consideration of environmental data in the context of mosquito epidemiology. For a given spatio-temporal incomplete mosquito count data, we derive predictions assuming that all of the spatio-temporal dependence can be accounted by potential factors influencing the development of Aedes mosquitoes such as, rainfall, temperature (including many delay) and waste data. In this paper, after a data analysis with the entomological and environmental data, we apply a Lasso regression to perform a variable selection strategy (we are in the presence of a large number of explanatory variables). We highlight the relevant factors that explain the abundance of our egg and adult mosquitoes count data. We define a spatio-temporal risk ratio which is a probability of exceeding a given threshold value of mosquito abundance. We propose two spatio-temporal modeling approaches for the Aedes mosquitoes’ count data. The first is based on a spatio-temporal kernel smoother and the second on a generalized additive model. The paper conclude with a detailed discussion that follows not only, the spatio-temporal prediction and model performance measures, but also the obtained spatio-temporal risk ratio in order to highlight potential space-time areas of threshold exceedances of mosquitoes’ abundance where health services could apply vector surveillance and control measures. We also discuss a forthcoming work concerning the theoretical developments of a spatio-temporal model for simulation purposes and an R Shiny application called May’Aedes, that aims to be a flexible and efficient tool to predict spatio-temporal risk ratio.
Modeling spatial dynamics of the Fani Maoré marine volcano earthquake data
Authors: Manou-Abi Solym 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper provides the outcomes of a work consisting in modeling and learning some earthquakes data collected during the Mayotte seismovolcanic crisis of 2018-2021. We highlight the performance of some process data models in order to illustrate the spatial and temporal dynamic. Unsupervised clustering method, spatial pattern analysis, spatial density estimation through spatial marked point process; time series and spatio-temporal models are efficient tools that we studied in this paper to look for the spatial and temporal variation of such spatial data mainly driven by the detected underwater volcano around Mayotte called Fani Maoré . The dynamic of the magnitude and depth events of the Fani Maoré with the use of the above mentionned models seems to perform the data. We present a discussion thoughout the presentation of the obtained results together with the limit of this study and some forthcoming projects and modeling developments.
Assessing the impact of land surface dynamics and meteorological forcings on land surface temperature characteristics in West Africa
Authors: Adeyeri Oluwafemi E. , Folorunsho Akinleye H. , Ayegbusi Israel K. , Bobde Vishal , Adeliyi Tolulope E. , Ndehedehe Christopher E. , Akinsanola Akintomide A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study examines the effect of land cover, vegetation health, climatic forcings, elevation heat loads and terrain characteristics (LVCET) on land surface temperature (LST) distribution in West Africa (WA). We employed fourteen machine-learning models, which preserve nonlinear relationships to downscale LST while preserving WA's geographical variability. Our results showed that the simple random model was the best in downscaling predictands. This is important for the sub-region since its access to mainframes, which could power more multiplex machine-learning algorithms, is limited. The yearly vegetation health based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and self-organized maps (SOM) indicates constant healthy vegetation in most southern areas but unhealthy vegetation in the northern area. Locations where we found unhealthy vegetation coincided with the hot LST clusters as categorized by SOM. Also, the southwest winds cause the upwelling of cold waters, lowering LST in southern WA. This emphasizes the cooling influence of water bodies on LST. Identifying high LST locations is vital to prioritizing places for greening. A high heat load and diurnal anisotropic heat might translate to a relatively high LST depending on the topographic slope-facing angle. Therefore, urban planners should consider the joint attribution of LST dynamics to LVCET while planning landscapes.
No Switchbacks Are Observed in the Solar Corona
Authors: Akhavan-Tafti Mojtaba , Soni Shirsh Lata 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Magnetic switchbacks are magnetic field reversals in the radial component of magnetic field Br, accompanied by proton bulk flow enhancements. The switchback generation mechanism(s) is still unknown, though their evolution is believed to contribute to solar wind heating. Our exhaustive investigation of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) encounters 1-14 reveals clear absence of Br reversals in the solar corona. Our results indicate that (1) magnetic switchbacks must be formed locally in the solar wind at or above the Alfven critical surface, and that (2) interchange reconnection in the solar corona is likely necessary for creating the conditions for switchbacks to form in the solar wind.
Nonlinear control of climate, hydrology, and topography on streamflow response through the use of interpretable machine learning across the contiguous United States
Authors: Wu Yu , Li Na 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Runoff has been greatly affected by climate change and human activities. Studying nonlinear controls on runoff response is of great significance for water resource management decision-making and ecological protection. However, there is limited understanding of what physical mechanisms dominate the runoff response and of their predictability over space. This study analyzed the spatial patterns of runoff response including runoff changes and its sensitivity to climate–landscape variations in 1,003 catchments of the contiguous United States (CONUS). Then, an interpretable machine learning method was used to investigate the nonlinear relationship between watershed attributes and runoff response, which enables the importance of influencing factors. Finally, the random forest model was employed to predict runoff response according to the predictors of catchment attributes. The results show that alteration of runoff is up to 56%/10 years due to climate change and human activities. Catchment attributes substantially altered runoff over CONUS (−60% to 56%/10 years). Climate, topography, and hydrology are the top three key factors which nonlinearly control runoff response patterns which cannot be captured by the linear correlation method. The random forest can predict runoff response well with the highest R2 of 0.96 over CONUS.
Modeling of transport phenomena in a hybrid forward osmosis-directional freeze crystallization process for clean water recovery from hydrometallurgical effluents
Authors: Amani Afshin , Kolliopoulos Georgios 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Sustainable water recovery and reuse are critical yet challenging, especially from industrial effluents in cold regions. This work presents a robust numerical model of the transport phenomena in a hybrid two-step forward osmosis (FO)-directional freeze crystallization (DFC) desalination process, whose application in areas with cold climates is advantageous. Deionized (DI) water and a hydrometallurgical effluent were considered as the feed solution in the FO step, while three aqueous solutions of inorganic salts were considered as the draw solutions (DS): NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2. The effects of temperature and initial DS concentration were investigated on water flux, reverse solute flux, and specific water flux using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the simulation results, the highest water flux (18 L/m2/h for DI water and 5 L/m2/h for the hydrometallurgical effluent) and lowest reverse solute flux (consistently below 0.3 mol/m2/h) were obtained when MgCl2 was used as the DS. The effect of solute type in the DS on both water recovery yield and purity was in turn studied in the subsequent DFC step, allowing to visualize the solute distribution during the freezing process.
Reduction of Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Admissions for Youth and Young Adults Following a Remote Intensive Outpatient Program: Quality Improvement Analysis
Authors: Gliske Kate , Ballard Jaime , Berry Katie R , Killian Michael , Kroll Elizabeth , Fenkel Caroline 
Published: October 2023

Background
Pediatric mental health emergency department (ED) visits are increasing at 6% to 10% per year, at substantial cost, while 13% of youth with psychiatric hospitalizations are readmitted in the following weeks. Hospitals do not have the resources to meet escalating youth’s mental health needs. Intensive outpatient (IOP) programs, which provide multiple hours of care each week, have the power to reduce the number of patients in need of hospitalized care and provide a step-down option for patients discharging from ED’s in order to prevent readmissions.

Objective
The purpose of this program evaluation was to assess (1) whether youth and young adult ED admission rates decreased following participation in a remote IOP program and (2) whether there were differences in readmission rates between youth and young adults by gender identity, sexual orientation, race, or ethnicity.

Methods
Data were collected from intake and 3-month postdischarge surveys for 735 clients who attended at least 6 sessions of a remote IOP program for youth and young adults. Patients reported if they had been admitted to an ED within the previous 30 days and the admission reason. Over half (407/707, 57.6%) of clients were adolescents and the rest were young adults (300/707, 42.4%; mean age 18.25, SD 4.94 years). The sample was diverse in gender identity (329/687, 47.9% female; 196/687, 28.5% male; and 65/669, 9.7% nonbinary) and sexual orientation (248/635, 39.1% heterosexual; 137/635, 21.6% bisexual; 80/635, 10.9% pansexual; and 170/635, 26.8% other sexual orientation) and represented several racial (9/481, 1.9% Asian; 48/481, 10% Black; 9/481, 1.9% Indigenous; 380/481, 79% White; and 35/481, 7.2% other) and ethnic identities (112/455, 24.6% Hispanic and 28/455, 6.2% other ethnic identity).

Results
Mental health–related ED admissions significantly decreased between intake and 3 months after discharge, such that 94% (65/69) of clients with a recent history of mental health–related ED admissions at IOP intake reported no mental health–related ED admissions at 3 months after discharge from treatment (χ21=38.8, P<.001). There were no differences in ED admissions at intake or in improvement at 3 months after discharge by age, gender, sexuality, race, or ethnicity.

Conclusions
This study documents a decrease in ED admissions between intake and 3 months after discharge among both youth and young adults who engage in IOP care following ED visits. The similar outcomes across demographic groups indicate that youth and young adults experience similar decreases after the current tracks of programming. Future research could conduct a full return-on-investment analysis for intensive mental health services for youth and young adults.
The Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin Paradigm as an Islamic Approach to Islamic Education in Muhammadiyah Schools
Authors: Khosiin Khamam , Tobroni Tobroni , Khozin Khozin 
Published: October 2023

This study examines the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm as a distinctive Islamic approach to reshaping the educational environment in Muhammadiyah schools. The need to comprehend how this paradigm, which is based on the idea of universal compassion and justice, affects the pedagogical framework and ethos inside Islamic educational institutions connected to Muhammadiyah is what spurred the study's development. The methodology utilised in this study entails a thorough examination of curriculum papers, interviews with important figures in the field of education, and classroom observations at a few Muhammadiyah institutions. The study aims to comprehensively understand how the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm is converted into educational practises, values, and learning outcomes within the Muhammadiyah school system by triangulating different data sources. The study's findings show that the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm has been subtly woven into the instruction fabric at Muhammadiyah schools. This integration is clear in the curriculum's planning, instruction delivery, and creating a supportive and welcoming learning environment. The study also clarifies how this paradigm affects students' character development by promoting a feeling of societal duty, empathy, and ethical consciousness. By offering insights into the actual use of the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm within Muhammadiyah institutions, this research contributes to the larger conversation on Islamic education. It not only draws attention to the distinctive characteristics of Islamic education within this paradigm but also emphasises how it can help achieve the larger objectives of comprehensive and socially responsible education within an Islamic framework.
Measurement of Contact Patch Pressure Behaviors in High-Speed Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Furlan M. , Strang M. , Gladstone M. , Olsson H. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Many of the challenging problems in tire dynamics are related to what happens inside the contact patch. Important tire performance attributes such as grip/friction, wear, and noise are all directly related to the contact patch. Calspan and its technology partner Tekscan have developed a novel sensor system that measures the contact patch pressure of the tire as it is rolling at high speed on a flat-belt tire test machine. The measurement results provide detailed insights into the dynamic contact patch pressure (DCPP) in a wide range of realistic and relevant operating conditions on a flat roadway surface. The contact patch behaviors of three tires of similar size and type, but from different manufacturers, were compared. The results highlight how differences in tire design decisions influence the contact patch behavior and in turn the overall tire performance. Additional applications of the DCPP data are presented and discussed.
mercado como expresión de la vida cotidiana
Authors: Espindola Elena 
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo se ubica en el campo del Trabajo Social y la Psicología Social, el cual forma parte de un trabajo de investigación en el marco de lacátedra de Psicología Social de la Universidad Nacional de Jujuy -FHYCS. Puntualmente aquí presentaremos un análisis exploratorio en torno al espacio físico y simbólico del mercado ubicado en Tilcara, provincia de Jujuy (Argentina). El mercado es un espacio donde la gente local vende sus productos (verduras, frutas, comidas, ropa, hierbas medicinales, plantas y más), se reúnen y socializan. El análisis realizado aborda la categoría de vida cotidiana y sus mediaciones con la intervención profesional, lo cual da cuenta de la importancia de contemplar la singularidad de las comunidades, esto es conocer sus propias lógicas, los sentidos y significados de sus prácticas sociales, para construir una intervención situada que permita direccionar la práctica profesional en la consecución de un proyecto profesional crítico, basado en la transformación social. La investigación se realizó desde el enfoque etnográfico a través de entrevistas y observación participante.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy System in pharmacoresistant epilepsy: A literature review
Authors: Moroșanu Valentin , Roman-Filip Iulian , Petruțiu Sanda , Bălașa Rodica 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million of people worldwide and 30% of them are resistant to drugs. Neuromodulation is becoming a key option in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are not feasible for resective surgery. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is the most commonly used adjunctive neuromodulatory method in every patient aged 4 years and older who is unsuitable for resective surgery. It is a minimally invasive, non-teratogenic, extracranial pacemaker-like device which delivers electrical stimuli to the vagus nerve and desynchronize aberrant cerebral rhythms involved in epileptogenesis. In this review we approached the information and clinical data of VNS development history, clinical applications and possible mechanism of action. We will also review optimal stimulation parameters and information about closed and open loop devices. Vagus nerve stimulation is safe, efficient with no significant side effects and substantial cost-saving benefit, that also shows an important improvement in mood, behavior, cognition and quality of life. The overall responder rate was observed in more than 50% of patients. On the other hand, it is not clear which patients will respond to this method of treatment and why the response is not immediate, there are no available biomarkers or other features like age, sex, seizure type/epileptic syndrome to predict response to vagus nerve stimulation therapy. The VNS Therapy System continues to be an important prospect in the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, that requires further studies in order to ensure the most advantageous therapeutic response.
Occurrence, Activity and Control Options Against Biting Midges (Diptera: Culicoides) in Horses
Authors: Pavlík Richard , Kočišová Alica , Schreiberová Andrea , Kasičová Zuzana , Janošková Nikola 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Biting midges are insects which annoy horses as they cause discomfort and by the sucking of blood, they cause painful lesions that, in certain cases, can trigger acute allergic reactions. They also act as potential vectors of many pathogens of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin. The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal dynamics, abundance and species composition of biting midges, and implementing protection options at the Equestrian centre of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy (UVMP) in Košice in the years 2021 and 2022. During this time period (of 2021 and 2022), we captured 4797 biting midges. Our results showed that in 2021 the most frequently captured species were C. obsoletus/C. scoticus (prevalence 86.6 %), followed by C. punctatus and C. pulicaris (prevalence 5.37 % and 3.86 %, resp.). In addition, C. lupicaris, C. newsteadi, C. furcillatus, C. festivipennis, C. slovacus, C. tauricus, C. clastrieri, C. dewulfi, C. fagineus and C. circumscriptus were identified as the minority species. In this year, the highest abundance of these insects (1758 biting midges) was observed at the end of June. In 2022, we detected a clear dominance of C. obsoletus/C. scoticus (prevalence 97.0 %) and the highest number of biting midges (655) was captured in mid-May). In this year, the minority species included, C. pulicaris, C. punctatus and C. lupicaris. The identification of the host blood showed that man (Homo sapiens) was the dominant host, namely of 80 % of the examined biting midges of species C. obsoletus/C. scoticus, C. dewulfi, C. punctatus and C. festivipennis. In one female of species C. fagineus we identified the host blood from horses (Equus caballusi). In 2022, we detected the blood of a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the species of C. obsoletus/C. scoticus.
Dysplasia of Trochlea femoris in Dogs
Authors: Kacková Gabriela , Vargová Nela , Šulla Igor , Valenčáková Alexandra , Horňáková Ľubica , Horňák Slavomír 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of dysplasia trochlea in dogs, summarizing the most recent findings in the field and highlighting important new findings, as well as, areas that require further research. The anatomy of the knee and the trochlea femoris, as well as its function in maintaining knee joint stability, are covered in the first section. The accurate diagnosis of orthopaedic disorders, and injuries are necessary for efficient treatment, and this is made possible by understanding the anatomy of the knee. The factors that can affect the onset, development, and course of the disease are included in the section that follows, which discusses the etiology, and pathophysiology. Veterinary surgeons must measure trochlear femur dysplasia in dogs in order to determine the severity of the condition and the best course of treatment. It is typically assessed by looking at X-ray images and assigning a score, however, this can differ from one individual to another. New measurement techniques that give a better level of objectivity and precision, like CT scans or MRIs, are now being tested.