bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and Diabetes Mellitus - Emerging Global Public Health Crisis: Observational Analysis
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub , Meo Anusha Sultan 
Published: February 2024

Climate change is the most pressing challenge of the 21st century. It’s immediate impacts on the environment are extreme weather conditions such as heatwaves, storms, rains, floods, sealevel rise, the disruption of crops, agricultural systems, water, vector-borne diseases, and ecosystems. The weather-related disasters disturbed the natural biological environment and dislocated millions of people from their homes. The extreme weather conditions caused the deaths of about two million people and $4.3 trillion in economic loss over the past half a century, and 90% of deaths were reported from developing countries. It has also been predicted that between 2030 and 2050, climate change is presumed to cause about 250,000 additional deaths per annum. The rapid rise in temperatures, frequencies of heat waves, wildfires, storms, and other weather extremes conditions could affect human health in many ways. The one-degree Celsius rise in outdoor temperature causes over 100,000 new cases of diabetes mellitus per annum. Climate change compromised body metabolism, vasodilation, sweating, insulin resistance and cause Type-2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes Mellitus.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8844
How to cite this: Meo SA, Meo AS. Climate Change and Diabetes Mellitus - Emerging Global Public Health Crisis: Observational Analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):559-562. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8844
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of glycated serum protein, homocysteine, and cystatin-C levels on pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Yuhua , Li Chunfang , Lei Yurong , Zhang Fen 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To explore the effects of serum glycated serum protein (GSP), homocysteine (Hcy) and cystatin-C (Cys-C) levels on pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: Retrospective selection of 247 pregnant women who underwent normal prenatal examinations in The Yan’an People’s Hospital from January 2020 to May 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Among them, 119 were pregnant women with diabetes (GDM-group) and 128 were pregnant women with normal blood glucose (Normal-group). The levels of serum GSP, HCY, CYS-C, and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. The clinical value of levels of serum GSP, Hcy, and Cys-C in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.
Results: Compared with the Normal-group, the overall incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, serum GSP, Hcy, and Cys-C levels in the GDM-group were significantly higher (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of GSP, Hcy, and Cys-C were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in the GDM-group (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosing adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM using serum GSP, Hcy, and CysC levels alone were 0.817, 0.843, and 0.775, respectively. The AUC of the three indicators combined was 0.921, indicating that this combination has a good predictive value for diagnosing adverse outcomes in GDM-complicated pregnancies.
Conclusions: GDM is associated with a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Levels of serum GSP, Hcy, and Cys-C are higher in patients with GDM. The higher the levels of GSP, Hcy, and Cys-C, the greater the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Combining these three indicators can effectively predict maternal pregnancy outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8988
How to cite this: Chen Y, Li C, Lei Y, Zhang F. Effects of glycated serum protein, homocysteine, and cystatin-C levels on pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):572-576. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8988
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
From Challenges to Solutions: Mapping the Landscape of Medical Professionalism and Ethics in Pakistan
Authors: Sattar Kamran , Jawaid Shaukat Ali 
Published: February 2024

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.9346
How to cite this: Sattar K, Jawaid SA. From Challenges to Solutions: Mapping the Landscape of Medical Professionalism and Ethics in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):557-558. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.9346
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The influence of the ketogenic diet on the therapy of type 2 diabetes. A literature review
Authors: Madej Aleksandra , Senat Hanna , Grabowska Patrycja , Bolla Patrycja , Senat Aleksandra , Marczyńska Zuzanna , Dorochowicz Mateusz 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a widespread and chronic disorder with high mortality and associated morbidity rates worldwide. DM2 individuals are more susceptible to developing heart disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, and several other related complications, which are major causes of diabetes related death. New therapies and possibilities for the treatment of the diabetes are constantly being searched for, among which the ketogenic diet is increasingly becoming popular. There are studies being conducted all worldwide on the effects of this diet on the treatment of diabetes.
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about the influence of the ketogenic diet on the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: The available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write the article, using the keywords ,,ketogenic diet”, ,,diabetes mellitus”, ,,ketogenic diet diabetes”, ,,diabetes nutrition”.
CONCLUSION: A ketogenic diet has notable advantages on body weight and glycemic control, as well as on the enhancement of lipid profiles in overweight DM2 patients. This diet can decrease body weight, waist circumference, HbA1c, and triglycerides, and increase HDL levels. In addition, the ketogenic diet may have further benefits in improving body composition to attenuate the onset and progress of DM2 bz reducing body weight, lowering glycemic levels, and enhancing lipid profiles. More studies are needed in the future to support and even confirm the links between the ketogenic diet and patienst suffering from DM2.
Effect of varieties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and extraction solvent on total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity
Authors: YODI GARDA , ARTIKA I MADE , NURCHOLIS WARAS 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Yodi G, Artika IM, Nurcholis W. 2023. Effect of varieties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and extraction solvent on total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. Biodiversitas 24: 6425-6431. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is widely recognized for its high phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to measure yields, total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts from three varieties of Temulawak, namely Cursina 1, Cursina 2, and Cursina 3. The samples were extracted using the maceration method and evaporated with a rotary vacuum evaporator. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed using a colorimetric method, while antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The highest acetone and ethyl acetate extract yields were obtained from Cursina 2, i.e., 5.8% and 4.3%, respectively. The highest phenol in the acetone and ethyl acetate extract was from Cursina 2, consisting of 9.55±0.37 mg GAE/g DW and 4.60±0.12 GAE/g DW. The highest flavonoid content in the acetone and ethyl acetate extract was from Cursina 2, i.e., 20.48±0.45 QE/g and 8.59±0.14 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH method showed that acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Cursina 2 had the highest antioxidant activities, i.e., 3.28±0.03 ?mol TE/g DW and 2.11±0.04 ?mol TE/g DW, respectively. The highest antioxidant capacity based on the ABTS method was found in the acetone extract of Cursina 2 (148.91±6.10 ?mol TE/g DW) and ethyl acetate extract of Cursina 3 (84.30±5.10 ?mol TE/g DW). The FRAP method showed the highest antioxidant capacity was Cursina 2 acetone extract (115.23±2.30 ?mol TE/g DW) and ethyl acetate extract of Cursina 3 (71.88±1.48 ?mol TE/g DW). These results suggested that acetone is a more suitable solvent for the Cursina 2 variety, while ethyl acetate is more suitable for the Cursina 3 variety.
A patient follow-up intervention to improve medical decision making at an internal medicine residency program
Authors: Chockalingam Leela , Keniston Angela , McBeth Lauren , Mutter Marina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) is an ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) core competency. Learning and reflecting on patients through follow-up is one method to help achieve this competency. We therefore designed a study evaluating a structured patient follow-up intervention for senior internal medicine (IM) residents at the University of Colorado Hospital (UCH).

Methods
Trainees completed structured reflections after performing chart review of prior patients during protected educational time. Two-month follow-up surveys evaluated the exercise’s potential influence on clinical and reflective practices.

Results
Forty out of 108 (37 %) eligible residents participated in the exercise. Despite 62.5 % of participants lacking specific questions about patient outcomes before chart review, 81.2 % found the exercise at least moderately helpful. 48.4 % of participants believed that the review would change their practice, and 60.9 % felt it reinforced their existing clinical practices. In our qualitative data, residents learned lessons related to challenging clinical decisions, improving transitions of care, the significance of early goals of care conversations, and diagnostic errors/strategies.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that IM residents found a structured patient follow-up intervention educational, even when they lacked specific patient outcomes questions. Our results underscore the importance of structured self-reflection in the continuous learning process of trainees and suggest the benefit of dedicated educational time for this process.
A case report of odonto-hypophosphatasia with a novel variant in the ALPL gene
Authors: Oto Yuji , Suzuki Daiki , Morita Tsubasa , Inoue Takeshi , Nitta Akihisa , Murakami Nobuyuki , Abe Yuuka , Hamada Yoshinobu , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Matsubara Tomoyo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare skeletal dysplasia caused by variants in the alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene. More than 400 pathogenic variants of the ALPL gene have been registered in the ALPL gene variant database. Here, we describe the case of a Japanese child with odonto-hypophsphatasia (odonto-HPP) and a novel ALPL variant.

Case presentation
At the age of 2 years and 1 month, he prematurely lost one deciduous tooth, with the root intact, when he fell and hit his face lightly. Three months later, he lost another adjacent deciduous tooth without incentive. His serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was 72 U/L. His urine phosphoethanolamine (PEA) level was extremely high at 938 μmol/mg·Cre. The serum pyridoxal 5′-phosphaye (PLP) level was 255.9 nmol/L. Based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, the patient was clinically diagnosed with odonto-HPP. Genetic analysis of the ALPL gene revealed a heterozygous variant (NM_000478.6:c.1151C>A, p.Thr384Lys).

Conclusions
We report a case of odonto-HPP with a novel variant in the ALPL gene. HPP is a rare disease, and the heterozygous mutation in the ALPL gene highlights the novelty of this case.
Social economy entities as a place to develop green skills – research findings
Authors: Szczygieł Elżbieta , Śliwa Renata 
Published: February 2024

Background: Inner potential of social economy entities to drive an economy toward more circularity, energy renewability, sustainable food production opens their organizational schemes to green skills generation. Organizations operating in social economy can play a key role in learning-by-doing, rising consciousness, stimulating new solutions and operations.
Research objectives: The aim of the research analyzed in this paper was to identify opportunities for the acquisition and development of green skills among those taking up employment or internship in social economy entities.
Research design and methods: Various statistical methods were used to analyze the source material and verify the hypotheses, including: descriptive statistics, Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. Testing was performed using Statistica 13.3 software.
Results: The conclusions withdrawn from the research conducted confirm the existence of the potential for the development of green skills inherent in social economy entities.
Conclusions: The organizational nature of the analyzed entities is conducive to the emergence of skills with less specialized requirements, but with possible qualities conducive to the development of circular behavior. Developing design thinking, creativity, the ability to adapt to future creeds and building resilience are seen as particular opportunities for the development of green skills, as activities involving circular behavior followed along with the desire to acquire these skills.
Utilizing The Tiktok Application As An Online Business Learning Media
Authors: Juwairia Juwairia , Tumanggor Ginagor , Mustaqim Bima 
Published: February 2024

TikTok, a very popular platform today, made a comeback in early 2020 and even surpassed Instagram as the most popular app in the App Store. The purpose of this research is to utilize the tiktok application as a learning medium. The research was conducted for one week during Online Business learning hours with material on designing an online business. The research consisted of two cycles, where each cycle consisted of two meetings which included planning, action, observation, and reflection. The data collection tools used included student observation sheets, teacher observation sheets, questionnaires, tests, and TikTok promotional video assignments. The subjects of this study were all students of class XI BDP at SMKN 1 Pemulutan. The results showed that students' promotion skills increased from cycle I to cycle II. Some students have mastered or are already good at promoting online business subjects. This can be seen from good test scores, increased task completion both in terms of time and quality. So that it can be said that the use or utilization of the TikTok application can improve student promotion skills.Abstrak TikTok, sebuah platform yang sangat terkenal saat ini, bahkan melampaui Instagram sebagai aplikasi paling populer di App Store. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan aplikasi tiktok sebagai media pembelajaran. Penelitian dilakukan selama satu minggu pada jam pembelajaran Bisnis Online dengan materi merancang bisnis online. Penelitian terdiri dari dua siklus, dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan yang mencakup perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi lembaran observasi peserta didik, lembaran observasi guru, angket, tes, dan tugas video promosi TikTok. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI BDP di SMKN 1 Pemulutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterampilan promosi peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Sebagian siswa sudah dapat menguasai atau sudah baik dalam melakukan promosi dalam mata Pelajaran bisnis online. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai tes yang baik, peningkatan penyelesaian tugas yang baik dari segi waktu maupun kualitas. Sehingga dapat dikatakan penggunaan atau pemanfaatan aplikasi TikTok dapat meningkatkan keterampilan promosi siswa.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Augmented Reality Mata Pelajaran IPA Sistem Tata Surya
Authors: Susilaningsih Susilaningsih , Fichan Achmad Maulana Iqbal , Praherdhiono Henry , Prihatmoko Yulias 
Published: February 2024

The learning process requires media to help teachers explain the material. The role of media in learning, especially in science subjects, is needed. However, at Mi Ar Raudah Lawang there is no learning media other than textbooks that can facilitate science learning, especially in the subject of the Solar system. In illustrated textbooks, students can less visualize real objects that cannot be seen directly. The purpose of developing the solar system is Augmented Reality media to be an alternative media in the process of learning science at Mi Ar Raudhah Lawang. Augmented Reality was developed to facilitate science subject matter, especially helping students with visual learning styles in learning. This development model uses the Lee & Owens model. This study received positive responses from media experts and material experts. The results of trials to students also get a positive score. Based on the results of the study showed that Augmented Reality developed can help teachers in teaching the solar system to students. And students can understand the solar system material well.Abstrak Proses pembelajaran membutuhkan media untuk membantu guru menjelaskan materi. Peran media dalam pembelajaran terutama dalam mata pelajaran IPA sangat dibutuhkan. Akan tetapi di MI Ar Raudah Lawang belum tersedia media pembelajaran selain buku teks yang dapat memfasilitasi pembelajaran IPA khususnya pada mata pelajaran Sistem Tata Surya. Pada buku teks bergambar, siswa kurang dapat memvisualisasikan objek nyata yang tidak dapat dilihat secara langsung. Tujuan pengembangan media Augmented Reality sistem tata surya menjadi alternatif media dalam proses pembelajaran IPA di MI Ar Raudhah Lawang. Augmented Reality dikembangkan untuk memfasilitasi materi pelajaran IPA khususnya membantu siswa dengan gaya belajar visual dalam pembelajaran. Model pengembangan ini menggunakan model Lee & Owens. Penelitian ini mendapatkan tanggapan yang positif dari ahli media dan ahli materi. Hasil uji coba kepada siswa juga mendapatkan skor yang positif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Augmented Reality yang dikembangkan dapat membantu guru dalam mengajarkan sistem tata surya kepada siswa. Serta siswa dapat memahami materi sistem tata surya dengan baik.
Effect of Crataegus Extract on the Relief of Heart Palpitation and Anxiety in Teenagers: An Interventional Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Alipour Mohammad Reza , Asadolahi Vakil , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi 
Published: February 2024

Background: Heart palpitation is a common complaint defined as an unpleasant or abnormal heartbeat feeling. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Crataegus extract on the relief of heart palpitations and anxiety in adolescents. Methods: This is an interventional quasi-experimental study performed from February 19, 2016 to February 19, 2017 on 120 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years with a complaint of heart palpitations, referring to heart clinic in Afshar Hospital of Yazd. The participants' demographic information, heartbeat feeling, Hamilton anxiety scaling, blood pressure, heartbeat rate, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded. Patients were first treated with 20 drops every 8 hours for three days and then 25 drops every 8 hours for one month with Crataegus edible drops. They were then re-evaluated for heart palpations and anxiety. Results: Of 120 adolescents referring to Afshar Hospital with heart palpitations, 98 of participants (81.7%) experienced improvement. Mean differences in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and anxiety scores before and after treatment with Crataegus extract decreased significantly by 1.71, 8.52, 6.55, respectively, but the mean difference in diastolic blood pressure increased by 1.46 (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, Crataegus extract might be effective in reducing palpitation and anxiety in adolescents. Further studies are suggested to approve the results of the study.
Food and Nutrition Literacy through Formal Education in Iran: A Content Analysis of School Textbooks
Authors: Dehghani Marzieh , Omidvar Nasrin , Doustmohammadian Azam , Tork Zeinab , Arvand Ayoub 
Published: February 2024

Background: Formal education in any society should foster all aspects of students' growth. However, studying the curriculum of the country academic period indicates null food and nutrition. Nutrition, as an essential factor in the health of students, can play an effective role in their academic progress. This study aimed to analyze the content of school textbooks concerning food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) concept and its components in Iran. Methods: This study is a content analysis of school textbooks during 2020-2021 academic year. All school textbooks published in 2020 for elementary (grades 1st to 6th), junior high school (grades 7th to 9th), as well as high schools (grades 10th to 12th) were included. Content analysis of the textbooks was conducted based on Krippendorf framework using FNLIT component checklist. The reliability assessment using Holsti method was 85.29% for elementary school textbooks and 84.78% for junior high school and high school textbooks. Results: The cognitive domain of FNLIT had the highest frequency (92%) within the text, images, and practice questions of the elementary school textbooks, followed by very few references regarding the skill domain (7%). The value-attitude domain was largely unnoticed (1%). In junior high school textbooks, the total number of FNLIT components was 439, of which the cognitive domain of 308 (70.16%) had the highest frequency, followed by the skill domain with 96 units (21.86%), while only 35 units were identified regarding the value-attitude domain (7.97%). In high school textbooks, 342 units of analysis were identified, 82.16% of which were related to cognition, 14.03% value-attitude domain, and only 3.80% were related to the skill domain. Conclusion: Meager attention is given to FNLIT and its components in school textbooks in Iran, especially concerning skill and value-attitude domains.