bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder in a national sample of preadolescent children: Prevalence, correlates, clinical sequelae, and treatment utilization
Authors: Levin Rachel , Liu Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well characterized in adults, its epidemiology in children is unclear. The current study provides the first population-based examination of the prevalence of PTSD, sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates, clinical sequelae, and associations with psychiatric treatment in preadolescents in the United States. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 5.0) was analyzed. Participants (unweighted n = 11, 875) were recruited from 21 sites across the United States. Current and lifetime PTSD prevalence were estimated, as was treatment use among children with PTSD. Sociodemographic, psychiatric correlates and sequelae of PTSD were analyzed using logistic regression, as was the association between PTSD and psychiatric treatment. Lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 2.17%. Sexual minority status, being multiracial, having unmarried parents, and family economic insecurity were associated with greater odds of PTSD. Among psychiatric disorders, separation anxiety was most strongly associated with PTSD, although general comorbid psychopathology was associated with greater odds of PTSD. Prior history of PTSD predicted new onset of other psychiatric disorders after PTSD remission. Nearly one in three children with lifetime PTSD did not receive psychiatric treatment, despite negative long-term outcomes of PTSD and significant psychiatric comorbidity. Even among preadolescents who experience full remission of PTSD, significant risk for future psychiatric illness remains. Further, the current findings underscore the need for improved efforts to reduce unmet treatment needs among those with PTSD at this age.
Silver nanoparticles potently inhibit ethylene action more than silver thiosulfate and promote microtuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Spunta
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Shawky , Soliman Amr Mohamed , El-Dayem Hosny Mohamed Abd , Mady Mohamed Ahmed , Eid Rania Said 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as an anti-ethylene agent on in vitro microtuberization in potato cv. Spunta. The concentrations; 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/l of Ag-NPs or silver thiosulfate (STS) were used to determine their influence on microtuberization. The results of Ag-NPs treatments showed that, the average number of microtubers/jar was elevated and reached the highest level (14.9 microtubers/jar) which represents about 83.95% over the control treatment (8.1 microtubers/jar) using the medium containing (1 mg/l) Ag-NPs. While the highest level (10.9 microtubers/jar) was recorded using (8 mg/l) STS, which is about 34.56% over the control treatment. Thus, these results confirmed that the low level of Ag-NPs (1 mg/l) was the most effective for inhibiting ethylene action on microtuberization in potato cv. Spunta. In addition, these findings complement and agree with those obtained in our previous study using the cv. Desirѐe (Ibrahim et al. 2018a). Therefore, we report here that an efficient genotype-independent protocol for microtuberization in potato has been established. In addition, this developed protocol using Ag-NPs is important for enhancing potato microtuberization technology at the mass-production level in Egypt. Furthermore, these results are of great importance in plant physiology and nanobiotechnology research.
Symbolic Representation of Multivariate Time Series for Sport Activity Classification
Authors: Jarno Matarmaa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study introduces a new multivariate time series (MTS) sport activity dataset consisting of five categories, walking, running, biking, skiing, and roller skiing. The original data of 228 activities have been recorded by an individual athlete for a 16 months time period in uncontrolled environments using two types of sport watches. The dataset consists of three-dimensional multivariate time series features such as heart rate, speed, and altitude, which are popular and pure sensor based attributes for endurance outdoor sport activities. The pre-processed signals were split into 69 seconds equal length segments and several segments from each single activity were gathered in order to conduct data augmentation because of the small dataset size. The MTS classifier called WEASEL + MUSE was applied to the dataset in order to discriminate categories based on the time series characteristics of the signals. The classification results was analyzed using several popular quality metrics and tools such as ROC curve. In addition, an early time series classification (eTSC) algorithm called TEASER was applied to determine how much data will be sufficient to find a balance in accuracy and computation time tradeoff. According to the results, dataset integrity is generally good and sport activities were classified fast and accurate, up to 93,0%. Signal length analysis indicated that 33% of the data will provide satisfactory results, 85,6% accuracy in the test data.
Medical Complexity and Healthcare Utilization Among Patients Attending Three U.S. Post- COVID Clinics
Authors: Nji Miriam A.M. , Briones Elizabeth M. , Issa Anindita , Tierney Maureen , Bertolli Jeanne , Barshikar Surendra , Unger Elizabeth R. , Wisnivesky Juan , Vu Quan , Quimby David , Abrams Joseph , Jagan Nikhil , Manouchehripour Sasha , Laguerre Martin , Cope Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients who do not fully recover or develop new symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection require follow-up and sometimes seek care at specialized multidisciplinary care clinics. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and care needs of patients at three such post-COVID clinics.
Methods
We conducted a multisite retrospective electronic chart review of 984 patients, aged ≥ 18 years, who visited one of three post-COVID clinics at least 28 days after a clinical or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 20, 2020, and March 31, 2021. The clinics were located in Omaha, Nebraska, New York City, New York, and Dallas, Texas. Patient records were obtained through September 30, 2021. Data on clinical evaluations and healthcare provider visits were abstracted by trained clinical personnel using a standardized health record abstraction tool.
Results
The median age was 52 years (range 18–89 years), 59.9% were female, and 69.0% were White. Of 984 patients, 79.9% had SARS-CoV-2 infection that was confirmed by PCR, 32.1% had three or more comorbid conditions, and 39.4% had been hospitalized. During post-COVID follow-up, the most common symptoms were shortness of breath (59.2%), post-exertional malaise (45.6%), fatigue (43.2%), and brain fog (42.8%). Nearly one in three patients had a diagnosis of post-viral fatigue syndrome (30.1%), and pulmonary system conditions (24.4%) were also common. Overall, the 984 participants attended 3914 visits (median 3; range 1–46) over a median follow-up period of 107 days (range 1–560) between first and last post-COVID follow-up visits. Of the 984 patients, 64.3% were referred for subspecialty care notably pulmonology, cardiology, and neurology. More than a third of patients were referred for rehabilitation therapy (37.9%) including physical, occupational, speech, and psychotherapy.
Conclusion
Adult patients at post-COVID clinics have a wide range of symptoms and conditions that highlight the medical complexity of these patients and their need for high levels of care, including multiple health care visits and referrals for therapy. This underscores the need for well-coordinated, multidisciplinary care, and planning of health resources for post-COVID-19 follow-up care.
Enhancing Quarterly Carbon Emission Forecasting in China：A small sample decomposition model based Caputo fractional derivative grey Riccati model and LSSVR
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accurately predicting carbon emissions is a crucial scientific foundation for the monitoring and evaluation of a country's progress in achieving its intended carbon reduction goals. Given the constraints of a small sample size, the nonlinearity, and the complexity inherent in quarterly data on carbon emissions at the industrial level, this paper introduces the Caputo fractional derivative into the grey Riccati model, establishing a Caputo fractional derivative grey Riccati model with memory characteristics. The numerical solution of the model is acquired through the fractional Adams-Bashforth-Moulton predictor-corrector algorithm, with the model's parameters optimized using the grey Wolf optimization algorithm. Subsequently, the Caputo fractional derivative grey Riccati model is integrated with the EEMD decomposition algorithm and the least square support vector regression to construct a decomposition-integration model for carbon emission decomposition. Finally, the proposed decomposition-integrationmodel is validated using quarterly carbon emission data from six industries in China as an illustrative example. The results convincingly demonstrate that the proposed decomposition-integration prediction model effectively analyzes the developmental trajectory of industrial carbon emissions in China. Moreover, it exhibits superior stability and accuracy in both fitting and forecasting when compared to other integrated and single models.
Research on the deformation characteristics and effects of a single crack in roadway roof
Authors: Wang Chao , Sun Hao , Yi Wu yu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In order to reveal the influence of crack occurrence on the deformation of roadway roof, a single crack model of roadway roof was established using the interface element in FLAC3D under different crack dip angles and connectivity ratio. The deformation and separation characteristics of roadway roof were analyzed. The results indicate that there is a certain similarity in the influence of the geometric shape of cracks on their own deformation and the displacement of the roadway roof. The connectivity ratio of cracks affects the distribution characteristics of symmetry and asymmetry in the peak displacement area of the roadway roof. The separation of the roadway roof may only occur when the cracks are connected and the inclination angle is large, and the degree of bedding shear sliding is not significantly affected by the inclination angle of the cracks. It can be seen that the asymmetric shape of cracks is another important reason for the formation of asymmetric deformation of the roadway roof.
Optimizing Hip MRI: Enhancing Image Quality and Elevating Inter- observer Consistency using Deep Learning-Powered Reconstruction
Authors: Kang Yimeng , Li Wenjing , Lv Qingqing , Tao Qiuying , Sun Jieping , Dang Jinghan , Niu Xiaoyu , Liu Zijun , Li Shujian , Zhang Zanxia , Wang Kaiyu , Wen Baohong , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Yong , Wang Weijian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Conventional hip joint MRI scans necessitate lengthy scan durations, posing challenges for patient comfort and clinical efficiency. Previously, accelerated imaging techniques were constrained by a trade-off between noise and resolution. Leveraging deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) holds the potential to mitigate scan time without compromising image quality.
Methods
We enrolled a cohort of sixty patients who underwent DL-MRI, conventional MRI, and No-DL MRI examinations to evaluate image quality. Key metrics considered in the assessment included scan duration, overall image quality, quantitative assessments of Relative Signal-to-Noise Ratio (rSNR), Relative Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (rCNR), and diagnostic efficacy. Two experienced radiologists independently assessed image quality using a 5-point scale (5 indicating the highest quality). To gauge interobserver agreement for the assessed pathologies across image sets, we employed weighted kappa statistics. Additionally, the Wilcoxon signed rank test was employed to compare image quality and quantitative rSNR and rCNR measurements.
Results
Scan time was significantly reduced with DL-MRI and represented an approximate 66.5% reduction. DL-MRI consistently exhibited superior image quality in both coronal T2WI and axial T2WI when compared to both conventional MRI (p < 0.01) and No-DL-MRI (p < 0.01). Interobserver agreement was robust, with kappa values exceeding 0.735. For rSNR data, coronal fat-saturated(FS) T2WI and axial FS T2WI in DL-MRI consistently outperformed No-DL-MRI, with statistical significance (p < 0.01) observed in all cases. Similarly, rCNR data revealed significant improvements (p < 0.01) in coronal FS T2WI of DL-MRI when compared to No-DL-MRI. Importantly, our findings indicated that DL-MRI demonstrated diagnostic performance comparable to conventional MRI.
Conclusion
Compared with conventional MRI, DL-MRI could greatly reduce scan time while improving the imaging quality. And inter-observer consistency showed an overall improvement in DL-MRI.
Prevalence of self-perceived halitosis and its associated factors among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Dey Annesha , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Nasrullah Sarker Mohammad , Arefine Md.Shadley Benzadid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: Self-perceived halitosis is self-awareness of bad breath. In this cross-sectional study, university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh, were examined for self-perceived halitosis and its associated factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 among Dhaka's 6 private and 2 public universities' students. The convenient sampling method selected 318 participants. A self-reported questionnaire was given with informed consent.
Analytical statistics were used to examine oral malodor and study variables (Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis). P values under 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals indicated statistical significance (CI).
Results: Results showed 55.97% self-perceived halitosis. Female perception rates were 67.42% higher than males (32.58%). Obesity (44.38%), alcohol consumption (16.85%), high stress (17.98%), inadequate sleep (20.79%), lack of exercise (66.29%), unhealthy diet (21.91%), coffee/tea consumption (86.52%), and mouth breathing were associated with self- perceived halitosis (32.58%). Insufficient tooth brushing (39.55%), infrequent toothbrush replacement (38.07% after 6 months, 19.32% after 1 year, 15.91% after >1 year), and non- fluoride toothpaste use (58.52%) were associated with higher self-perceived halitosis rates. Lack of dental floss or toothpicks (72.47% and 71.75%, respectively), sugar-free chewing gum (42.70%), and tongue cleaning (51.12%) also increased self-perceived halitosis. Gum bleeding, swollen gums, dry mouth, dental caries, food accumulation, and occasional tooth sensitivity increased self-perceived halitosis in 24.72%, 25.28%, 32.58%, 34.27& and 46.07% of respondents respectively. Males, non-alcohol drinkers, non-mouth breathers, oral hygiene maintainers, and individuals without gum bleeding had lower odds of self-reported halitosis, according to multivariable logistic regression.
Conclusion: In conclusion, University students of Dhaka exhibit a significant prevalence of self-perceive halitosis. It was linked to gender, BMI, lifestyle, oral hygiene, and oral conditions. This study highlights the complexity of self-perceived halitosis and the importance of prevention.
Sexual initiation and first birth: Exploring factors associated with the gap in Uganda
Authors: Nsimbe Dick , Lwanga Charles , Namawejje Hellen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Early childbirth has a detrimental impact on population growth and the total fertility rate. Additionally, it is among the leading factors associated with cardiovascular disease, maternal and pediatric morbidity, and mortality. The objective of this study is to estimate the timing of first childbirth and factors that influence the timing of first childbirth following sexual initiation among Ugandan women aged 15–35 years.
Method
Self-reported data were extracted from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS), with a sub-sample of 9,196 women from the individual women file. Kaplan-Meier survival curve, decrement life-table analysis, and a discrete-time logit model were used to examine the timing of first childbirth and associated factors.
Results
The mean time to first childbirth was 6.6 years and the median time was 6.5 years, and all women had experienced their first childbirth by the end of the fifteenth year following sexual initiation. Significant factors found to influence the timing of first childbirth following sexual initiation include primary level (OR = 1.148; 95% CI = 1.02–1.28, p = 0.019); and higher education (OR = .697; 95% CI = .57-.84, p < 0.001), residing in Northern region (OR = 1.258; 95% CI = 1.05–1.50, p = 0.012), and having access to mass media (OR = 1.170; 95% CI = 1.07–1.26, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
These findings are expected to be valuable for policymakers and other stakeholders involved in efforts to delay childbirth. This research provides a solid foundation for evidence-based decision-making in the field of reproductive health and family planning. Both government and non-governmental organizations should prioritize the implementation of programs aimed at reducing the age at sexual initiation, thereby lowering the age at which women experience their first childbirth, taking into account the factors identified in this study.
Epidemiological investigation and molecular characteristics of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in central China from 2021 to 2022
Authors: Li Chunqi , Wang Yan , Pei Jie , Liu Guoping , Xie Jun , Li Tingting , Zhao Runze , Tan Lei , Guo Liwei , Wu Rui , Zheng Yi , Yang Xiaolin , Zeng Jianguo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an intestinal communicable disease. In recent years, the outbreaks of PED have been caused severe economic losses to the swine industry in the central China. In this study, 1664 swabs of piglets with diarrhea and 906 environmental samples were collected from large-scale pig farms in central China from 2021 to 2022, to investigate the presence of PEDV nucleic acid via real-time PCR assay. Results showed that the positive rate of PEDV among swabs and environmental samples was 23.14% and 28.37%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the entire S gene showed that 13 PEDV strains were clustered into two subgroups, namely GII-a (n = 10) and S-INDEL (n = 3). Further recombinant analysis indicated that three of the strains originated from intra-genogroup recombination. Moreover, we successfully isolated a novel PEDV strain. In addition, the strain was identified via indirect immunofluorescence assay, infection experiment in newborn piglets and whole genome sequencing and named HB2022 strain. Based on the results of nucleotide sequence analysis of each ORFs, it was found that HB2022 strain belonged to GII-a type and had multiple mutation sites. A three-dimensional structural prediction revealed that mutation sites located in the neutralizing epitope COE altered the protein conformation, which may affect the virulence or pathogenicity of PEDV. In conclusion, this study is of great significance for the selection or development of suitable vaccine products and the reduction of economic losses in the pig industry.
The sensitivity outcome index system for home care of elderly liver transplant patients was developed based on the Omaha problem classification system
Authors: Wang Bin , Huang Xia , Liu Guofang , Zheng Taohua , Lin Hui , Qiao Yue , Sun Wenjuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:Based on the Omaha problem classification system, a sensitivity outcome index system for home nursing of elderly liver transplant patients was established.
Methods:Literature analysis was used to compile a letter questionnaire from the screening indicators of the expert group, and two rounds of effective letter questionnaire were completed among 20 experts by Delphi method to establish the sensitivity outcome index system of home nursing for elderly liver transplant patients.
Results: The sensitivity outcome index system of home care for elderly liver transplant patients was finally established, including 4 primary indexes, 20 secondary indexes and 72 tertiary indexes, and the opinions on the selection of indexes at all levels gradually converged. The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of correspondence questionnaires were 100%, the expert authority coefficients were 0.904 and 0.905, respectively, and the coordination coefficients of the first, second and third indexes were 0.419, 0.418 and 0.394, all of which were statistically significant (P<0.01).
Conclusion：The sensitivity outcome index system of home nursing for elderly liver transplant patients can provide theoretical basis for nursing staff to build accurate individualized continuous nursing model.
Far UV light in water treatment via producing reactive oxidative species
Authors: Fang Jingyun , Guo Kaiheng , Wu Sining , Wang Liping , Qin Wenlei , Xie Ruijie , Li Xuchun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Far UV light at 222 nm (UV222) is gaining much attention for water treatment due to its high disinfection efficiency and safety to human, and the mechanism is deemed direct photolysis. We found that UV222 is much more efficient than UV254 for the abatement of 18 organic micropollutants and inactivation of pathogens, and the phenomenon is related to the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). Multiple ROS are identified, including hydroxyl radical (HO•), singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radical anion (•O2−) and ozone (O3). The degradation of micropollutants is mainly due to HO•, which results from water homolysis and oxygen (O2) photodissociation. The quantum yield of HO• is 0.893, and the concentration of HO• reaches 10-13 M under neutral conditions. This study is the first that reports the efficient production of ROS upon UV222 photolysis, which facilitates chemical-free advanced oxidation processes in water.