bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography in assessing cervical lymph node status in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Struckmeier Ann-Kristin , Yekta Ebrahim , Agaimy Abbas , Kopp Markus , Buchbender Mayte , Moest Tobias , Lutz Rainer , Kesting Marco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Accurate preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) status plays a pivotal role in determining the extension of neck dissection (ND) required for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in detecting LN metastases (LNMs) and to explore clinicopathological factors associated with its reliability.

Methods
Data from 239 patients with primary OSCC who underwent preoperative CT and subsequent radical surgery involving ND were retrospectively reviewed. Suspicious LNs were categorized into three groups: accentuated (< 10 mm), enlarged (≥ 10 mm), and melted. Statistical analysis encompassing correlation and comparative analysis, and determination of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were performed.

Results
Overall, sensitivity was significantly higher in the accentuated LNs group (83.54%) compared to the melted LNs group (39.24%, p < 0.05, t test). Conversely, specificity was significantly higher in the melted LNs group (98.19%) compared to the accentuated LNs group (55.15%, p < 0.05, t test). Accentuated LNs exhibited a false negative rate of 13.00%. False positive rates were 51.80%, 30.26% and 8.82%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy for detecting LNMs in level IIa and IIb exceeded that of level III. Patients with solely accentuated LNs were more likely to have a small, well-differentiated tumor. However, no distinctions emerged in terms of the occurrence of T4 tumors among the three groups.

Conclusion
CT proves sufficient to predict LNMs in patients with OSCC. Looking ahead, the potential integration of artificial intelligence and deep learning holds promise to further enhance the reliability of CT in LNMs detection. However, this prospect necessitates further investigation.
A reasoned general explanation about the concepts of diffusion and reaction layers
Authors: Laborda E. , González J. , Molina A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe understanding of the implication of the transport of matter is fundamental in the teaching of heterogeneous charge transfers, which are the central element of the electrochemical science and technologies. Thus, even in the absence of intrinsic kinetic complications, the overall rate of such events is frequently conditioned by the mass transport and also by the occurrence of homogeneous coupled chemical reactions. Upon comprehending and accounting for these two effects, the emergent and widely used concepts of the diffusion and reaction layers will be discussed and disentangled under potential-controlled conditions. First, some basic concepts about the transport of charged species in solution are recalled, in order to establish the experimental conditions under which diffusion-only transport can be considered. Under these premises, a fast electron transfer will be considered to introduce the concept of “diffusion layer”, discussing its relationship with the time of the experiment and with the characteristics of the diffusive field that is strongly influenced by the geometry and size of the electrode considered. Next, fast electron transfer reactions “conditioned” by homogeneous chemical reactions undergone by the reactant and/or the product of the redox couple will be analysed. A historical introduction to the concept of “reaction layer” is carried out, pointing out its value in processes with chemical regeneration of the electroactive species and its non-negligible interplay with the mode of diffusion.
The prognostic impact of BMI in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer: a study of the SONABRE registry
Authors: Lammers Senna W. M. , Thurisch Hannah , Vriens Ingeborg J. H. , Meegdes Marissa , Engelen Sanne M. E. , Erdkamp Frans L. G. , Dercksen M. Wouter , Vriens Birgit E. P. J. , Aaldering Kirsten N. A. , Pepels Manon J. A. E. , van de Winkel Linda M. H. , Peters Natascha A. J. B. , Tol Jolien , Heijns Joan B. , van de Wouw Agnes J. , Teeuwen Nathalie J. A. , Geurts Sandra M. E. , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C. G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study determines the prognostic impact of body mass index (BMI) in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced (i.e., metastatic) breast cancer (ABC).

Methods
All patients with HR+/HER2− ABC who received endocrine therapy +—a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor as first-given systemic therapy in 2007–2020 in the Netherlands were identified from the Southeast Netherlands Advanced Breast Cancer (SONABRE) registry (NCT03577197). Patients were categorised as underweight (BMI: < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between BMI classes using multivariable Cox regression analyses.

Results
This study included 1456 patients, of whom 35 (2%) were underweight, 580 (40%) normal weight, 479 (33%) overweight, and 362 (25%) obese. No differences in OS were observed between normal weight patients and respectively overweight (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.85–1.16; p = 0.93) and obese patients (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.88–1.24; p = 0.62). However, the OS of underweight patients (HR 1.45; 95% CI 0.97–2.15; p = 0.07) tended to be worse than the OS of normal weight patients. When compared with normal weight patients, the PFS was similar in underweight (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.73–1.51; p = 0.81), overweight (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.79–1.03; p = 0.14), and obese patients (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.76–1.02; p = 0.10).

Conclusion
In this study among 1456 patients with HR+/HER2− ABC, overweight and obesity were prevalent, whereas underweight was uncommon. When compared with normal weight, overweight and obesity were not associated with either OS or PFS. However, underweight seemed to be an adverse prognostic factor for OS.
Quantum Dot Nanomaterials: Preparation, Characterization, Advanced Bio-Imaging and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Nabil Marwa , Megahed Fayed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe bio-imaging technology is one of the most significant modern applications used in several fields, including early diagnosis of many illnesses that are most important diseases facing humanity and other vital uses. The primary advancement in nanotechnology is the creation of innovative fluorescence probes called quantum dots (QDs). The use of molecular tagging in research, in vivo, and in vitro studies is revolutionized by quantum dots. The application of QD indicates conversion in natural imaging and photography has demonstrated extraordinary appropriateness in bio-imaging, the discovery of novel drugs, and delivery of targeted genes, biosensing, photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis. New potential methods of early cancer detection and treatment management are being researched as a result of the special physical and chemical characteristics of QD probes. The bio-imaging technique depends on the fluorescent emission of the used materials, which is paired with living cells that are easy to see it in 3D without any surgical intervention. Therefore, the use of QDs many types that have unique and appropriate properties for use in that application; In terms of fluorescent emission strength, duration and luminosity.This review article displays some methods of preparation for QDs nanomaterials and the devices used in this. In addition, it presentssome of challenges that must be avoided for the possibility of using them in the bio-imaging field; as toxicity, bio-compatibility, and hydrophilization. It’s reviewed some of the devices that use QDs in bio-imaging technique, the QDs application in cell analysis-imaging, and QDs application in vivo imaging.
Improving Work Participation Outcomes Among Unemployed People with Mental Health Issues/Mental Illness: Feasibility of a Stigma Awareness Intervention
Authors: Janssens K. M. E. , Joosen M. C. W. , Henderson C. , van Weeghel J. , Brouwers E. P. M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
As stigma is a barrier to work participation of unemployed people with mental health issues/mental illness (MHI), a stigma awareness intervention can be helpful to make informed decisions about disclosing MHI. The aim of this process evaluation was to investigate the feasibility of a stigma awareness intervention, to explore experiences of clients and their employment specialists; and to give recommendations for further implementation.

Methods
The intervention consisted of a stigma awareness training for employment specialists and a decision aid tool for their clients with (a history of) MHI. For the process evaluation, six process components of the Linnan & Stecklar framework were examined: recruitment, reach, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity and context. Using a mixed-methods design, quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed.

Results
The six components showed the intervention was largely implemented as planned. Questionnaire data showed that 94% of the clients found the tool useful and 87% would recommend it to others. In addition, more than half (54%) indicated the tool had been helpful in their disclosure decision. Qualitative data showed that participants were mainly positive about the intervention. Nevertheless, only a minority of clients and employment specialists had actually discussed the tool together. According to both, the intervention had increased their awareness of workplace stigma and the disclosure dilemma.

Conclusion
The implementation of a stigma awareness intervention was feasible and did increase stigma awareness. Experiences with the intervention were mainly positive. When implementing the tool, it is recommended to embed it in the vocational rehabilitation system, so that discussing the disclosure dilemma becomes a routine.

Trail Register
The study was retrospectively registered at the Dutch Trial Register (TRN: NL7798, date: 04-06-2019).
Domains of scale in cumulative effects of energy sector development on boreal birds
Authors: Crosby Andrew D. , Leston Lionel , Bayne Erin M. , Sólymos Péter , Mahon C. Lisa , Toms Judith D. , Docherty Teegan D. S. , Song Samantha J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Context
Industrial development in Canada’s boreal forest creates cumulative environmental effects on biodiversity. Some effects may be scale-dependent, creating uncertainty in understanding and hindering effective management.

Objectives
We estimated cumulative effects of energy sector development on distributions of sixteen migratory songbird species at multiple spatial scales within the boreal region of Alberta, Canada, and evaluated evidence for scale domains in species responses.

Methods
We used a hierarchical, multi-scale sampling and modelling framework to compare effects of oil and gas footprint on songbirds at five spatial scales. We used Bayesian Lasso to facilitate direct comparison of parameter estimates across scales, and tested for differences in grouped parameter estimates among species.

Results
We found consistent scale-dependent patterns across species, showing variable responses to development occurring at the smallest scale, little effect at intermediate scales, and stronger, mainly positive effects at the largest scales. Differences in grouped parameter estimates across scales showed strong evidence for scale domains in the response of songbirds to energy sector development.

Conclusions
We concluded that variable effects at the smallest scale represented individual habitat selection, while larger scale positive effects reflected expanding distributions of open habitat- and disturbance-associated species in areas of high oil and gas footprint. Our results show that single-scale analyses do not reflect population processes occurring at other scales. Future research on linking patterns at different scales is required to fully understand cumulative effects of land use change on wildlife populations.
Against the newer evidentialists
Authors: Thorstad David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA new wave of evidentialist theorizing concedes that evidentialism may be extensionally incorrect as an account of all-things-considered rational belief. Nevertheless, these newer evidentialists maintain that there is an importantly distinct type of epistemic rationality about which evidentialism may be the correct account. I argue that natural ways of developing the newer evidentialist position face opposite problems. One version, due to Christensen (Philos Phenomenol Res 103:501–517, 2021), may correctly describe what rationality requires, but does not entail the existence of a distinctively epistemic type of rationality. Another version, due to Maguire and Woods (Philos Rev 129:211–249, 2020), characterizes a normative concept that is both distinct and epistemic, but struggles to explain why this concept should be classified as a type of rationality. I conclude that the newer evidentialist strategy of extensional compromise may be less favorable to evidentialism than previously supposed.
Postoperative acute kidney injury increases short- and long-term death risks in elderly patients (≥ 75 years old) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Jin Lei , Shan Lingtong , Yu Kaiyan , Pan Yilin , Sun Yangyang , Chen Jiapeng , Han Lixiang , Li Wei , Li Zhi , Zhang Yangyang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in elderly Chinese patients (≥ 75 years old) and its impacts on the short- and long-term prognosis.

Methods
A total of 493 patients aged 75–88 years old who underwent CABG from two medical centers between January 2006 and October 2021 were involved. Perioperative (preoperative and 7 days after operation) serum creatinine (Scr) levels were measured in all the enrolled patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the independent risk factors of postoperative in-hospital mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves and COX model were used to test the risk factors of all-cause death during follow-up. Propensity score matching was used to balance differences between AKI and control groups. The primary outcome event was in-hospital death, and the secondary outcome was all-cause death during follow-up.

Results
The 198 patients were diagnosed with postoperative AKI. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), cardiopulmonary bypass, and postoperative AKI were independent risk factors of in-hospital death. Gender, New York Heart Association Classification, preoperative eGFR, last eGFR within 7 days after operation, postoperative AKI, and postoperative renal function all impacted long-term prognosis. After 1:1 matching, 190 patients were included in the AKI and control groups. Use of IABP, use of cardiopulmonary bypass, and occurrence of postoperative AKI were still independent risk factors of in-hospital death. Preoperative eGFR, last eGFR within 7 days after operation, postoperative AKI and postoperative renal function all impacted long-term prognosis.

Conclusion
The incidence of postoperative AKI in elderly patients undergoing CABG is high, and postoperative AKI is an independent risk factor of both short- and long-term postoperative prognosis.
Artificial intelligence applied in acute ischemic stroke: from child to elderly
Authors: Pacchiano Francesco , Tortora Mario , Criscuolo Sabrina , Jaber Katya , Acierno Pasquale , De Simone Marta , Tortora Fabio , Briganti Francesco , Caranci Ferdinando 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis review will summarize artificial intelligence developments in acute ischemic stroke in recent years and forecasts for the future. Stroke is a major healthcare concern due to its effects on the patient’s quality of life and its dependence on the timing of the identification as well as the treatment. In recent years, attention increased on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to help categorize, prognosis, and to channel these patients toward the right therapeutic procedure. Machine learning (ML) and in particular deep learning (DL) systems using convoluted neural networks (CNN) are becoming increasingly popular. Various studies over the years evaluated the use of these methods of analysis and prediction in the assessment of stroke patients, and at the same time, several applications and software have been developed to support the neuroradiologists and the stroke team to improve patient outcomes.
Group identities on symmetric units under oriented involutions in group algebras
Authors: Holguín-Villa Alexander , Castillo John H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLet $$\mathbb {F}G$$

F
G

denote the group algebra of a locally finite group G over the infinite field $$\mathbb {F}$$
F
with $$\mathop {\textrm{char}}\nolimits (\mathbb {F})\ne 2$$

char
(
F
)
≠
2

, and let $$\circledast :\mathbb {F}G\rightarrow \mathbb {F}G$$

⊛
:
F
G
→
F
G

denote the involution defined by $$\alpha =\Sigma \alpha _{g}g \mapsto \alpha ^\circledast =\Sigma \alpha _{g}\sigma (g)g^{*}$$

α
=
Σ

α
g

g
↦

α
⊛

=
Σ

α
g

σ

(
g
)

g

∗

, where $$\sigma :G\rightarrow \{\pm 1\}$$

σ
:
G
→
{
±
1
}

is a group homomorphism (called an orientation) and $$*$$

∗

is an involution of the group G. In this paper we prove, under some assumptions, that if the $$\circledast $$
⊛
-symmetric units of $$\mathbb {F}G$$

F
G

satisfies a group identity then $$\mathbb {F}G$$

F
G

satisfies a polynomial identity, i.e., we give an affirmative answer to a Conjecture of B. Hartley in this setting. Moreover, in the case when the prime radical $$\eta (\mathbb {F}G)$$

η
(
F
G
)

of $$\mathbb {F}G$$

F
G

is nilpotent we characterize the groups for which the symmetric units $$\mathcal {U}^+(\mathbb {F}G)$$

U

+

(
F
G
)

do satisfy a group identity.
The Crisis of American Conservatism in Historical–Comparative Perspective
Authors: Biebricher Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStarting from the assessment that contemporary American conservatism is in a state of crisis, manifested in a dynamic of growing radicalization, this article seeks to identify the factors and actors that contributed to this trajectory and to thus elucidate its more fundamental drivers, assuming that Donald Trump and the Make America Great Again (MAGA) movements are symptoms rather than causes of this radicalization. To this effect, a succinct and pointed history of modern American conservatism from its beginnings in the postwar era is presented, using a periodization into three broad eras. Particular attention is given to the internal heterogeneity and conflicts within the conservative movement on a political and an intellectual level that help explain how conservatism as a whole, or at least its dominant forces, has continued to move to the right over the decades. In order to put this trajectory into perspective, a parallel history of German conservatism is used as contrast. One conclusion that can be drawn from this account is that both German and American conservatism are experiencing a crisis, but for very different reasons and with highly different manifestations. While American conservatism is in a radicalization spiral, German conservatism suffers instead from an identity crisis and a loss of any meaningful ideological–political profile.
A new model for counterfactual analysis for functional data
Authors: Carrizosa Emilio , Ramírez-Ayerbe Jasone , Romero Morales Dolores 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCounterfactual explanations have become a very popular interpretability tool to understand and explain how complex machine learning models make decisions for individual instances. Most of the research on counterfactual explainability focuses on tabular and image data and much less on models dealing with functional data. In this paper, a counterfactual analysis for functional data is addressed, in which the goal is to identify the samples of the dataset from which the counterfactual explanation is made of, as well as how they are combined so that the individual instance and its counterfactual are as close as possible. Our methodology can be used with different distance measures for multivariate functional data and is applicable to any score-based classifier. We illustrate our methodology using two different real-world datasets, one univariate and another multivariate.
Entrepreneurship in post-conflict countries: a literature review
Authors: Moritz Alexandra , Block Joern H. , Morina Fuad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany countries are in a state of post-conflict, a situation where an armed conflict between countries or within a country has just come to an end. Such countries are typically poor and characterized by political instability, economic problems and social unrest. Entrepreneurship is considered crucial for such countries as a driver of economic recovery and peacebuilding. However, the exact role and effect of entrepreneurship in a post-conflict context is not well understood and an integrative perspective is needed. Our study reviews the fragmented knowledge on entrepreneurship in post-conflict countries. We structure the literature into four distinct categories (when and where,who and why, how, andimpact) and develop an integrative conceptual model. Our review reveals research gaps and suggests directions for future research on entrepreneurship in post-conflict countries. Our study also helps policy-makers to design an effective entrepreneurship policy considering the specific requirements of post-conflict contexts.
How do workplace educators assess student performance at the workplace? A qualitative systematic review
Authors: De Vos Marlies E. , Baartman Liesbeth K. J. , Van der Vleuten Cees P. M. , De Bruijn Elly 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne aim of vocational education is educating students for occupations by fostering the development of students’ capacities to become successful practitioners. During their education students are usually afforded work experience. When this is the case, students learn both at school and at the workplace. Learning at the workplace requires assessment, but this differs from assessment at school because of where (at the workplace), how (through participation) and what students learn (a process of belonging, becoming and being). At the workplace, students are usually assigned an educator who takes on the dual role of educator and assessor. This review takes a sociocultural perspective on learning at the workplace and from this perspective brings together what is already known about how workplace educators assess student performance through a qualitative systematic review. Our analysis aimed for narrative synthesis using iterative thematic analysis. The results depict workplace assessment as manifested in day-to-day work and shaped by relationships. Workplace educators are engaged in a continuous process of assessment-related interactions. They prefer using criteria that are embedded in the norms and values of their vocational community, rather than criteria prescribed by school. Workplace assessment requires negotiated criteria and truly collaborative assessment practices. These practices can be purposefully co-designed and require close communication between school and work. This review shows that assessment of workplace performance in vocational education can be conceptualised as a practice that is shaped by the specific workplace in which it is embedded. From this perspective assessment can be explicated and acknowledged, and as a consequence be further conceptualised and researched in both assessment research and vocational education research.