bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous optimization of cost, active power loss and water quantity in irrigation: a techno-economic study incorporating PV panels and demand-side management
Authors: Samir Omar , Abdel-Salam Mazen , Nayel Mohamed , Elnozahy Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrently, the whole world is facing energy shortage and water crisis. Management of water and energy usage in irrigation is essential to overcome the current crisis. This research introduces a techno-economic study to achieve simultaneous optimization of cost, active power loss and water quantity without violating the crop water requirement. Four scenarios are proposed incorporating energy demand-side management, PV panels integration and modification of the irrigation schedule and irrigation methodology for comparison against the existing scenario of pump-based irrigation system in Karot line, Assiut, Egypt. The grid-connected PV panels scenario achieves minimum system cost as well as minimum total system active-power loss and water quantity when compared with the other scenarios. Grid-connected PV panels with surface irrigation reduce the total system cost by 93% when compared with that of the Karot line. On the other hand, grid-connected PV panels with drip irrigation give a much more saving in water quantity and a further reduction in the total system active-power loss by 48.1 and 25.13%, respectively, when compared with those of the Karot line case.
Cleavage of cell junction proteins as a host invasion strategy in leptospirosis
Authors: Kumari Preeti , Yadav Suhani , Sarkar Sresha , Satheeshkumar Padikara K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Infection and invasion are the prerequisites for developing the disease symptoms in a host. While the probable mechanism of host invasion and pathogenesis is known in many pathogens, very little information is available on Leptospira invasion/pathogenesis. For causing systemic infection Leptospira must transmigrate across epithelial barriers, which is the most critical and challenging step. Extracellular and membrane-bound proteases play a crucial role in the invasion process. An extensive search for the proteins experimentally proven to be involved in the invasion process through cell junction cleavage in other pathogens has resulted in identifying 26 proteins. The similarity searches on the Leptospira genome for counterparts of these 26 pathogenesis-related proteins identified at least 12 probable coding sequences. The proteins were either extracellular or membrane-bound with a proteolytic domain to cleave the cell junction proteins. This review will emphasize our current understanding of the pathogenic aspects of host cell junction-pathogenic protein interactions involved in the invasion process. Further, potential candidate proteins with cell junction cleavage properties that may be exploited in the diagnostic/therapeutic aspects of leptospirosis will also be discussed.

Key points
• The review focussed on the cell junction cleavage proteins in bacterial pathogenesis
• Cell junction disruptors from Leptospira genome are identified using bioinformatics
• The review provides insights into the therapeutic/diagnostic interventions possible
Prospects of formamide as nitrogen source in biotechnological production processes
Authors: Schwardmann Lynn S. , Benninghaus Leonie , Lindner Steffen N. , Wendisch Volker F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This review presents an analysis of formamide, focussing on its occurrence in nature, its functional roles, and its promising applications in the context of the bioeconomy. We discuss the utilization of formamide as an innovative nitrogen source achieved through metabolic engineering. These approaches underscore formamide’s potential in supporting growth and production in biotechnological processes. Furthermore, our review illuminates formamide’s role as a nitrogen source capable of safeguarding cultivation systems against contamination in non-sterile conditions. This attribute adds an extra layer of practicality to its application, rendering it an attractive candidate for sustainable and resilient industrial practices. Additionally, the article unveils the versatility of formamide as a potential carbon source that could be combined with formate or CO2 assimilation pathways. However, its attributes, i.e., enriched nitrogen content and comparatively limited energy content, led to conclude that formamide is more suitable as a co-substrate and that its use as a sole source of carbon for biomass and bio-production is limited. Through our exploration of formamide’s properties and its applications, this review underscores the significance of formamide as valuable resource for a large spectrum of industrial applications.

Key points
• Formidases enable access to formamide as source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy
• The formamide/formamidase system supports non-sterile fermentation
• The nitrogen source formamide supports production of nitrogenous compounds
First record of ocular albinism in sub-Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups on Marion Island
Authors: Shihlomule Yinhla D. , Weideman Eleanor A. , van der Vyver J. S. Fredrik , Conry Danielle S. , Jordaan Rowan K. , de Bruyn P. J. Nico 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report on an occurrence of ocular albinism in sub-Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups born on Marion Island, Prince Edward Archipelago. While previous observations have documented pups with atypical lanugo pelage colorations, this is the first case involving hypopigmentation of both fur and other tissues, including the eyes and nails. During the austral summer of 2021/22, we encountered four sub-Antarctic fur seal pups displaying this anomalous pigmentation. These anomalous individuals were found along two beaches on the island’s western side and one beach on the eastern side during an island-wide fur seal census. Although the characteristics observed strongly suggest ocular albinism, confirmation would be necessary through genetic analyses. The absence of melanin in mammalian eyes is known to compromise visual acuity, which may likely result in reduced survival beyond the weaning period, explaining the paucity of such adults in this well-observed population.
Trends in kidney transplantation and living donor nephrectomy in Germany: a total population analysis from 2006 to 2021
Authors: Zacharis Aristeidis , Reimold Philipp , Aksoy Cem , Jung Jonas , Martin Thomas , Eisenmenger Nicole , Thoduka Smita George , Groeben Christer , Huber Johannes , Flegar Luka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze recent trends of surgical access routes, length of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality in kidney transplantation (KT) and living donor nephrectomy (LDN) in Germany.

Materials and methods
We studied the nationwide German hospital billing database and the German hospital quality reports from 2006 to 2021.

Results
There were a total of 35.898 KTs. In total, 9044 (25%) were living donor transplantations, while 26.854 (75%) were transplantations after donation after brain death (DBD). The share of open LDN decreased from 82% in 2006 to 22% in 2020 (− 4%/year; p < 0.001). The share of laparoscopic LDN increased from 18% in 2006 to 70% in 2020 (+ 3%/year; p < 0.001). The share of robotic LDN increased from 0% in 2006 to 8% in 2020 (+ 0.6%/year; p < 0.001). Robotic-assisted KT increased from 5 cases in 2016 to 13 procedures in 2019 (p = 0.2). LOS was shorter after living donor KT, i.e., 18 ± 12.1 days versus 21 ± 19.6 days for DBD renal transplantation (p < 0.001). Moreover, LOS differed for open versus laparoscopic versus robotic LDN (9 ± 3.1 vs. 8 ± 2.9 vs. 6 ± 2.6; p = 0.031). The overall in-hospital mortality was 0.16% (n = 5) after LDN, 0.47% (n = 42) after living donor KT and 1.8% (n = 475) after DBD KT.

Conclusions
There is an increasing trend toward minimal-invasive LDN in recent years. Overall, in-hospital mortality was low after KT. However, 5 deceased healthy donors after LKD caution that the risks of this procedure should also be taken very seriously.
Projecting Wintertime Newly Formed Arctic Sea Ice through Weighting CMIP6 Model Performance and Independence
Authors: Zhao Jiazhen , He Shengping , Fan Ke , Wang Huijun , Li Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrecipitous Arctic sea-ice decline and the corresponding increase in Arctic open-water areas in summer months give more space for sea-ice growth in the subsequent cold seasons. Compared to the decline of the entire Arctic multiyear sea ice, changes in newly formed sea ice indicate more thermodynamic and dynamic information on Arctic atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction and northern mid–high latitude atmospheric teleconnections. Here, we use a large multimodel ensemble from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to investigate future changes in wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice. The commonly used model-democracy approach that gives equal weight to each model essentially assumes that all models are independent and equally plausible, which contradicts with the fact that there are large interdependencies in the ensemble and discrepancies in models’ performances in reproducing observations. Therefore, instead of using the arithmetic mean of well-performing models or all available models for projections like in previous studies, we employ a newly developed model weighting scheme that weights all models in the ensemble with consideration of their performance and independence to provide more reliable projections. Model democracy leads to evident bias and large intermodel spread in CMIP6 projections of newly formed Arctic sea ice. However, we show that both the bias and the intermodel spread can be effectively reduced by the weighting scheme. Projections from the weighted models indicate that wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice is likely to increase dramatically until the middle of this century regardless of the emissions scenario. Thereafter, it may decrease (or remain stable) if the Arctic warming crosses a threshold (or is extensively constrained).
Necrotizing enterocolitis: current understanding of the prevention and management
Authors: Hu Xiaohan , Liang Hansi , Li Fang , Zhang Rui , Zhu Yanbo , Zhu Xueping , Xu Yunyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the diseases in neonates, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, especially in preterm infants. This review aimed to briefly introduce the latest epidemiology, susceptibility factors, and clinical diagnosis and presentation of NEC. We also organized new prevention strategies by risk factors according to different pathogeneses and then discussed new treatment methods based on Bell's staging and complications, and the classification of mild to high severity based on clinical and imaging manifestations. Such a generalization will help clinicians and researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the disease and to conduct more targeted classification, grading prevention, and exploration. We focused on prevention and treatment of the early and suspected stages of NEC, including the discovery of novel biomarkers and drugs to control disease progression. At the same time, we discussed its clinical application, future development, and shortcomings.
Reliability of recovery heart rate variability measurements as part of the Lamberts Submaximal Cycle Test and the relationship with training status in trained to elite cyclists
Authors: Lamberts Robert P. , van Erp Teun , Javaloyes Alejandro , Eken Maaike M. , Langerak Nelleke G. , Tam Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine if post-exercise heart rate variability, in the form of logged transformed root mean square of successive differences of the R–R intervals (LnRMSSD) can be measured reliably during the recovery from a submaximal cycle test and what the relationship of LnRMSSD is with training status of the cyclists.

Methods
Fourteen male cyclists participated in the reliability part for the study, which included performing six Lamberts Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT), during which recovery LnRMSSD was measured over 30 s (LnRMSSD30 s), 60 s LnRMSSD60 s)and 90 s LnRMSSD90 s). In addition, fifty male and twenty female cyclists completed a peak power output (PPO) test (including VO2peak) and 40 km time trial (40 km TT) before which they performed the LSCT as a standardized warm-up. Relationships between the LnRMSSD and PPO, VO2peak and 40 km TT time were studied.

Results
Due to the design of the LSCT, submaximal heart and breathing rate were similar at the end of stage 3 of the LSCT, as well as during the recovery periods. The highest reliability was found in LnRMSSD60 s (ICC: 0.97) with a typical error of the measurement (TEM: 5.8%). In line with this the strongest correlations were found between LnRMSSD60 s and PPO (r = 0.93[male]; 0.85[female]), VO2peak (r = 0.71[male]; 0.63[female];) and 40 km TT (r = – 0.83[male]; – 0.63[female]).

Conclusions
LnRMSSD60 s can be measured reliably after the LSCT and can predict PPO, VO2peak and 40 km TT performance well in trained-to-elite cyclists. These findings suggest that recovery LnRMSSD can potentially play an important role in monitoring and fine-tuning training prescriptions in trained-to-elite cyclists.
Multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of Contracaecum magnipapillatum infections in Australian black noddies, Anous minutus (Charadriiformes: Laridae)
Authors: Shamsi Shokoofeh , Nelson Leanne , Gordon Anita , Markham Kathryn , Francis Nidhish , Suthar Jaydipbhai , Zhu Xiaocheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe provide the incidental necropsy findings associated with anisakid nematode infections of black noddy terns,Anous minutusBoie, 1844 (Charadriiformes: Laridae), from offshore islands in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Specimens collected from the proventriculi were identified morphologically asContracaecum magnipapillatumChapin, 1925 (Rhabditida: Anisakidae), using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The entire nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced to provide reference sequences for morphologically well-identified voucher specimens. Interestingly, after an alignment with closely related taxa using BLAST, sequences of the ITS1 and ITS2 were 100% identical to the sequences assigned toContracaecum septentrionaleKreis, 1955, from a razorbill,Alca tordaLinnaeus, 1758 (Charadriiformes: Alcidae), from Spain. These results either raise questions about the ITS as a genetic marker for some members ofContracaecum, or the identity of the specimens assigned toC. septentrionale, given that no supporting morphological data was associated with them. We highlight the need for a combined morphological and molecular approach to parasite diagnostics and the use of multiple genetic loci to resolve the molecular taxonomy of cryptic species. Morphological identifications should be taxonomically robust, transparent and precede the deposition of molecular barcodes in public repositories. The gross and histopathological findings of our investigation concur with previous reports of widespreadContracaecuminfections in black noddies and support the contention thatContracaecumspp. are an unlikely primary cause of mortality.
Development of a tool for predicting HNF1B mutations in children and young adults with congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract
Authors: Kołbuc Marcin , Kołek Mateusz F. , Motyka Rafał , Bieniaś Beata , Habbig Sandra , Burgmaier Kathrin , Prikhodina Larisa , Papizh Svetlana , Tasic Velibor , Okorn Christine , Szczepańska Maria , Kiliś-Pstrusińska Katarzyna , Wasilewska Anna , Adamczyk Piotr , Tkaczyk Marcin , Pańczyk-Tomaszewska Małgorzata , Miklaszewska Monika , Pawlaczyk Krzysztof , Bukowska-Olech Ewelina , Jamsheer Aleksander , Jankauskiene Augustina , König Jens , Cheong Hae Il , Ahn Yo Han , Kaspar Sophie , Sikora Przemysław , Beck Bodo B. , Zaniew Marcin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
We aimed to develop a tool for predicting HNF1B mutations in children with congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT).

Methods
The clinical and laboratory data from 234 children and young adults with known HNF1B mutation status were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All subjects were randomly divided into a training (70%) and a validation set (30%). A random forest model was constructed to predict HNF1B mutations. The recursive feature elimination algorithm was used for feature selection for the model, and receiver operating characteristic curve statistics was used to verify its predictive effect.

Results
A total of 213 patients were analyzed, including HNF1B-positive (mut + , n = 109) and HNF1B-negative (mut − , n = 104) subjects. The majority of patients had mild chronic kidney disease. Kidney phenotype was similar between groups, but bilateral kidney anomalies were more frequent in the mut + group. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesuria were the most common abnormalities in mut + patients and were highly selective of HNF1B. Hypomagnesemia based on age-appropriate norms had a better discriminatory value than the age-independent cutoff of 0.7 mmol/l. Pancreatic anomalies were almost exclusively found in mut + patients. No subjects had hypokalemia; the mean serum potassium level was lower in the HNF1B cohort. The abovementioned, discriminative parameters were selected for the model, which showed a good performance (area under the curve: 0.85; sensitivity of 93.67%, specificity of 73.57%). A corresponding calculator was developed for use and validation.

Conclusions
This study developed a simple tool for predicting HNF1B mutations in children and young adults with CAKUT.

Graphical abstract
Geomagnetic activity affects animal myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: an experimental-simulated study
Authors: Chang Weiyu , Chen Xinli , Yang Yuan , Deng Yanglin , Dong Liang , Wu Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that geomagnetic activity (GMA) contributes to the development and escalation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as increased morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and approaches for understanding GMA remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of GMA on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) rat models were created under various geomagnetic field conditions. The range of cardiac function, markers of myocardial injury, inflammatory factors, and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway were measured after the 24-h period. The findings showed that weak GMA significantly improved cardiac function in the MI/RI rat model and reduced the size of myocardial infarction and creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Additionally, weak GMA enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Furthermore, weak GMA significantly reduced the levels of the myocardial inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Conversely, the effects observed under severe GMA conditions were opposite to those observed under weak GMA. Western blot and qPCR analysis demonstrated that weak GMA led to a significant downregulation of TLR4, TRAF6, NF-κB, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the MI/RI rat models. In contrast to weak GMA, severe GMA increased TLR4, TRAF6, NF-κB, and TNF-α expression. This study suggested that weak GMA had a limiting effect on MI/RI rat models, whereas severe GMA exacerbated injury in MI/RI rats. These effects were associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and might potentially involve the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
In situ white mica Rb/Sr geochronology of the Leszczyniec metaigneous complex, West Sudetes: evidence of upper plate deformation at the onset of Variscan collision
Authors: Młynarska Maria , Barnes Christopher J. , Zack Thomas , Majka Jarosław , Mazur Stanisław 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Karkonosze-Izera Massif in the West Sudetes preserves evidence of subduction of the Saxothuringian Ocean beneath the Teplá-Barrandian Domain. Within the massif, the Leszczyniec metaigneous complex (LMC) is identified as the upper allochthon. It exhibits a unique structural history in comparison to the underlying allochthons, suggesting that the LMC records a distinctive tectonic history. To investigate the timing of this history, two orthogneisses were studied from a single outcrop of the LMC for in situ white mica Rb/Sr geochronology. The outcrop bears a southeast-dipping foliation (S1) and a north/northeast plunging stretching lineation (L1), defined by white mica and quartz. Quartz recrystallization textures, white mica chemistry (celadonite content of 0.23–0.47), preservation of igneous plagioclase phenocrysts, and the metamorphic mineral assemblage, all indicate maximum epidote–amphibolite facies conditions. Single-spot Rb/Sr dates were calculated from white mica using initial87Sr/86Sr values obtained by titanite and epidote. Results are similar for both rocks, providing weighted averages of 352.4 ± 4.1 Ma (MSWD: 0.6; n: 24) and 349.3 ± 2.5 Ma (MSWD: 0.4; n: 31). The rocks are interpreted to have the same structural and metamorphic history; thus, a pooled weighted average of 350.1 ± 5.3 Ma (2σ) is reported as the timing of white mica (re)crystallization during S1 and L1 development in epidote–amphibolite facies conditions. This event is bracketed by the timing of blueschist-facies metamorphism for the subjacent middle (c. 364 Ma) and lower (c. 345–341 Ma) allochthons, associated with an east/southeast-plunging L1. Considering the different structural and metamorphic histories of the LMC compared to the subjacent allochthons, it is likely that the complex was extracted from the Teplá-Barrandian upper plate due to subduction erosion prior to collective exhumation and stacking of the Karkonosze-Izera Massif.Graphical abstract
Impacts on Embankments, Rigid and Flexible Barriers Against Rockslides: Model Experiments vs. DEM Simulations
Authors: Berger Simon Matthias , Hofmann Robert , Preh Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a result of climate change, rockfalls and rock avalanches as well as landslides lead to an increasing hazard for settlement areas and infrastructures. The hazards of such mass movements mean that numerous protective structures must be planned and built. In addition to building such constructions, the refurbishment of existing protective structures is also playing an increasingly important role. Some of these protective structures are rigid structures consisting of concrete and/or steel elements. Due to the difficult accessibility, flexible net constructions are often considered. Embankment constructions are normally erected to protect against large mass movements. The choice of the right type of construction is based not only on geotechnical and geographical conditions, but also on the occurring energies and the impact of rockslides on the protective structure. In this study, small-scale laboratory experiments with different protective structures are presented. Rigid and flexible structures as well as reinforced embankments are investigated. Based on the results of the experiments, the impacts and deformations are recalculated numerically using the discrete element method (DEM). From the small-scale laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, the differences regarding the construction type of the protective structure can be investigated. An essential main point concerns the relationship between the flexibility of the barrier and the total impact load. The presented work is limited to the investigation of strongly fragmented gravitational mass movements such as rock avalanches.