bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convex hulls of monomial curves, and a sparse positivstellensatz
Authors: Averkov Gennadiy , Scheiderer Claus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Consider the closed convex hull K of a monomial curve given parametrically as

$$(t^{m_1},\ldots ,t^{m_n})$$

(

t

m
1

,
…
,

t

m
n

)

, with the parameter t varying in an interval I. We show, using constructive arguments, that K admits a lifted semidefinite description by

$$\mathcal {O}(d)$$

O
(
d
)

linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), each of size

$$\left\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \right\rfloor +1$$

n
2

+
1

, where

$$d= \max \{m_1,\ldots ,m_n\}$$

d
=
max
{

m
1

,
…
,

m
n

}

is the degree of the curve. On the dual side, we show that if a univariate polynomial p(t) of degree d with at most

$$2k+1$$

2
k
+
1

monomials is non-negative on

$${\mathbb {R}}_+$$

R
+

, then p admits a representation

$$p = t^0 \sigma _0 + \cdots + t^{d-k} \sigma _{d-k}$$

p
=

t
0

σ
0

+
⋯
+

t

d
-
k

σ

d
-
k

, where the polynomials

$$\sigma _0,\ldots ,\sigma _{d-k}$$

σ
0

,
…
,

σ

d
-
k

are sums of squares and

$$\deg (\sigma _i) \le 2k$$

deg
(

σ
i

)
≤
2
k

. The latter is a univariate positivstellensatz for sparse polynomials, with non-negativity of p being certified by sos polynomials whose degree only depends on the sparsity of p. Our results fit into the general attempt of formulating polynomial optimization problems as semidefinite problems with LMIs of small size. Such small-size descriptions are much more tractable from a computational viewpoint.
Deep Learning for Automated Detection and Localization of Traumatic Abdominal Solid Organ Injuries on CT Scans
Authors: Cheng Chi-Tung , Lin Hou-Hsien , Hsu Chih-Po , Chen Huan-Wu , Huang Jen-Fu , Hsieh Chi-Hsun , Fu Chih-Yuan , Chung I-Fang , Liao Chien-Hung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is the most commonly used diagnostic modality for blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), significantly influencing management approaches. Deep learning models (DLMs) have shown great promise in enhancing various aspects of clinical practice. There is limited literature available on the use of DLMs specifically for trauma image evaluation. In this study, we developed a DLM aimed at detecting solid organ injuries to assist medical professionals in rapidly identifying life-threatening injuries. The study enrolled patients from a single trauma center who received abdominal CT scans between 2008 and 2017. Patients with spleen, liver, or kidney injury were categorized as the solid organ injury group, while others were considered negative cases. Only images acquired from the trauma center were enrolled. A subset of images acquired in the last year was designated as the test set, and the remaining images were utilized to train and validate the detection models. The performance of each model was assessed using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value based on the best Youden index operating point. The study developed the models using 1302 (87%) scans for training and tested them on 194 (13%) scans. The spleen injury model demonstrated an accuracy of 0.938 and a specificity of 0.952. The accuracy and specificity of the liver injury model were reported as 0.820 and 0.847, respectively. The kidney injury model showed an accuracy of 0.959 and a specificity of 0.989. We developed a DLM that can automate the detection of solid organ injuries by abdominal CT scans with acceptable diagnostic accuracy. It cannot replace the role of clinicians, but we can expect it to be a potential tool to accelerate the process of therapeutic decisions for trauma care.
Hatchery practices for Patella aspera and P. ordinaria: evaluating culture vessels requirements
Authors: Castejón Diego , Sousa Pedro , Andrade Carlos A. P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInnovation in limpet production requires knowledge of the optimal qualities and limitations of the culture vessels. Two limpet species from Madeira fishery, Patella aspera and P. ordinaria, were used to evaluate the influence of culture vessel shape (microtubes, test tubes, centrifuge tubes, specimen cups, disposable cups, vials, flasks and beakers), composition (polypropylene and glass), volume (1.5 ml to 1.5 L) and stocking density on oocyte incubation and larval culture through nine assays. Moreover, three assays evaluated the use of microtubes and the isolation of trochophores, instead of pediveligers, for eventual settlement induction. The results showed effective hatching in most culture vessels regardless of composition or volume, except when the shape of the bottom caused oocyte clustering. Larval culture was not influenced by any variable under scrutiny (shape, composition, volume or rearing density). Microtubes were useful for settlement, while the placement of trochophores in the settling vessels, instead of pediveligers, proved inefficient and even led to failed cultures. The best settlement was obtained when the pediveligers were isolated from the water column of the beakers and transferred to clean vessels with renewed water and coralline algae as substrate. The current findings could be extrapolated to other marine invertebrates that share similar life stage requirements.
Left atrial strain is associated with long-term mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Pedersson Philip Rüssell , Skaarup Kristoffer Grundtvig , Lassen Mats Christian Højbjerg , Olsen Flemming Javier , Iversen Allan Zeeberg , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo investigate the long-term prognostic value of the left atrial (LA) strain indices – peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), peak conduit strain (PCS), and peak atrial contractile strain (PACS) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in relation to all-cause mortality. This retrospective study included ACS patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and examined with echocardiography. Exclusion criteria were non-sinus rhythm during echocardiography, missing images, and inadequate image quality for 2D speckle tracking analysis of the LA. The endpoint was all-cause death. Multivariable Cox regression which included relevant clinical and echocardiographic measures was utilized to assess the relationship between LA strain parameters and all-cause mortality. A total of 371 were included. Mean age was 64 years and 76% were male. Median time to echocardiography was 2 days following PCI. During a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 83 (22.4%) patients died. Following multivariable analysis, PALS (HR 1.04, 1.01–1.06, p = 0.002, per 1% decrease) and PCS (HR 1.05, 1.01–1.09, p = 0.006, per 1% decrease) remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality. PALS and PCS showed a linear relationship with the outcome whereas PACS was associated with the outcome in a non-linear fashion such that the risk of death increased when PACS < 18.22%. All LA strain parameters remained associated with worse survival rate when restricting analysis to patients with left atrial volume index < 34 ml/m2. Reduced LA function as assessed by PALS, PCS, and PACS were associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality in patients with ACS.
Graphical abstract
Human emergency behaviour and psychological stress characteristic mining based on large-scale emergencies
Authors: Luo Yi , Yang Xiaoping , Li Xiaoming , Chen Zhenzhen , Liu Fangyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman emergency behaviour and psychological stress response in emergencies are important scientific issues in basic emergency management research. The analysis of the dynamic characteristics of large-scale human behaviour based on electronic footprint data provides a new method for quantitative research on this problem. Previous studies usually assumed that human behaviors were randomly distributed in time, but few studies have studied the psychological stress response of human groups under the influence of emergencies and carried out prediction methods through social media data. Based on the data from five emergencies and daily events in the Qzone, this paper explores the statistical characteristics of human communication behaviors such as time, space and social interaction. The research results reveal the psychological evolution of human groups when they encounter public security emergencies by analysing the causes of individual psychological stress responses in the group. We find that the time interval between people’s posting behaviour and interactive comment behaviour in mobile QQ space before and after an emergency can be approximately described by a power-law distribution. The time interval distribution of Posting and reply is an obvious heavy-tailed distribution. These behavioural characteristics are consistent with people’s psychological stress characteristics. Individual psychological stress responses gradually evolve into social-psychological responses with changes in behavioural characteristics. The greater the social-psychological stress response is, the more panic the public will be, which will cause the outbreak of group irrational behaviour. The research results are theoretically helpful in understanding the impact of emergencies on human communication behaviour patterns and reveal the psychological stress process of mass panic in large-scale emergencies.
Integrated geochemical and magnetic potentially toxic elements assessment: a statistical solution discriminating anthropogenic and lithogenic magnetic signals in a complex area of the southeast Nile Delta
Authors: Guda Alshymaa Mohammad , El Kammar Ahmed Mohamed , Abu Salem Hend Saeed , Abu Khatita Atef Mohammady , Mohamed Mohamed Abdelwahed , El-Hemaly Ibrahim Aly , Abd Elaal Esmat Mohamed , Odah Hatem Hamdy , Appel Erwin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMagnetic proxy approaches proved to be efficient for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution assessment when targeting forests or areas with a homogenous background where anthropogenic magnetic signals could be easily distinguished. Here, we present a multidisciplinary approach for magnetic susceptibility ($$x$$
x
) and HM assessment in a complex area in the Nile Delta, where geogenic input, land use, and various industries with different fly ash and surface water emissions interfere. Statistical analysis discriminates between the effects of lithologic elements and the concentrations of toxic anthropogenic elements. The studied elements are classified into lithogenic and anthropogenic-related (HMs, Au industry, and fertilizers industry) groups with maximum contamination levels of eight anthropogenic-related and highly toxic PTEs (Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sb, Pb, Hg, and As) in the Akrasha industrial area (pollution load index = 15.84). Considering the whole data set, the numerical correlation of $$x$$
x
with most PTE concentrations and the pollution load index (PLI) is weak, while it is moderate to strong with lithogenic elements. However, a comparison of lithogenic elements and PTE concentrations along with x-values in two separate clusters supports the correspondence of lithology with elevated x-values in silt and clay-rich soil samples as well as HM concentration in industrial sandy soils. Correspondence between magnetic maps and chemistry data with land use reflects the potential of magnetic proxy methods for qualitative PTE pollution pre-delineation of the polluted spots, provided that lithological conditions are carefully considered.
Recent increase in tree damage and mortality and their spatial dependence on drought intensity in Mediterranean forests
Authors: Rebollo Pedro , Moreno-Fernández Daniel , Cruz-Alonso Verónica , Gazol Antonio , Rodríguez-Rey Marta , Astigarraga Julen , Zavala Miguel A. , Gómez-Aparicio Lorena , Andivia Enrique , Miguel-Romero Sofía , Ruiz-Benito Paloma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
Global change is leading to more frequent and intense tree damage and mortality events. Drought-induced tree mortality is occurring worldwide leading to broad-scale events, but the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality, their underlying drivers and their variation over time is largely unknown.

Objectives
We investigated the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality across Mediterranean forests of the Iberian Peninsula, the underlying effects of stand structure and climate, and how the spatial patterns and relationships with underlying drivers changed over time.

Methods
We used the Spanish Forest Inventory to analyse the autocorrelation in tree damage and mortality across forest types, hurdle-gamma models to quantify the effect of stand structure and climate on tree damage and mortality, and cross-correlograms to assess their spatial dependence and its change over time.

Results
We observed a greater magnitude and a stronger autocorrelation in tree damage than mortality, with positive aggregation up to 20 kms. There was a spatial dependence between tree damage and mortality with their drivers, with spatial aggregation increasing with water availability, drought intensity and stand structure. The spatial dependence of tree damage and mortality with the underlying drivers increased over time, particularly for drought intensity.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the combined effect of intense competition and drought could favour more extensive die-off and tree mortality events, providing key information for identifying vulnerable areas and the planning of adaptation measures.
A Hybrid Model Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory for Multi-label Text Classification
Authors: Maragheh Hamed Khataei , Gharehchopogh Farhad Soleimanian , Majidzadeh Kambiz , Sangar Amin Babazadeh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMulti-label text classification (MLTC) is a popular method for organizing electronic documents, which is crucial for accessing and processing data. As the number of classes increases, learning multi-label data will be challenging. The number of possible states for various labels increases exponentially, and learning algorithms in single-label data cannot be used to solve these problems. In the meantime, using single-label data algorithms could be very time-consuming. In MLTC, complexity costs should be reduced. Deep-learning neural networks that can learn intricate patterns are used in many real-world problems because of their high power and accuracy. This paper proposed a hybridization of the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the convolutional neural network (CNN) method for MLTC. The proposed model uses LSTM to enhance CNN to improve the proposed model’s accuracy. Also, the competitive search algorithm (CSA) is used to improve the LSTM hyperparameters. The LSTM hyperparameters play an important role in increasing the detection accuracy. The CSA algorithm finds the best values for the hyperparameters by searching the problem space. It was tested on four different datasets of multi-label texts: Reuters-21578, RCV1-v2, EUR-Lex, and Bookmarks. The result showed that the proposed model performed better than CNN and LSTM-CSA in terms of accuracy percentage and that it has improved by an average of more than 10%. Also, the results show that the LSTM-CSA model has higher detection accuracy compared to LSTM—Gradient-based optimizer (GBO) and LSTM—whale optimization algorithm (WOA).
Science Textbooks: Aids or Obstacles to Inquiry Teaching? Science Teachers’ Experiences in Norwegian Secondary Schools
Authors: Isaksen Marianne , Ødegaard Marianne , Utsi Tove Aagnes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTextbooks have several important functions in science education. By interviewing six teachers, this study shows how secondary school science teachers perceive and use textbooks as resources, especially in inquiry teaching. The results show that textbooks aid inquiry teaching by offering teachers easily accessible suggestions for practical and inquiry activities in accordance with the curriculum to be implemented in science lessons in addition to presenting scientific content adapted to students’ level in which they can use to easily link theory to their practical inquiry. However, the use of textbook inquiry activities can restrict the degrees of freedom in implementing inquiries, as textbooks are perceived to rarely include inquiry activities with many degrees of freedom. In addition, some teachers adjust their textbook inquiry activities to have fewer degrees of freedom to meet the challenges they experience, such as time pressure and uncertainty about students achieving curriculum content knowledge goals. These results build important knowledge about textbooks’ role in planning and implementing inquiry teaching in science. They should be of interest to teacher education programme developers and textbook authors who desire to contribute to a more inquiry-oriented practice in school science teaching.
Homophily and its effects on collaborations and repeated collaborations: a study across scientific fields
Authors: Santos João M. , Horta Hugo , Feng Shihui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the influence of homophily on research collaborations across all scientific fields, noting the role of ascribed, acquired, geographical, current career, and educational and career history attributes. Our analysis builds on previous studies by adopting a comparative approach across scientific fields and examining the effect of homophily on repeated collaborations. Our findings reveal physical proximity as a universal driver of collaboration across all scientific fields, both for overall collaborations and as a maintainer of collaborative endeavors. We also note that most attributes that are responsible for overall collaborations are similar to the attributes that play a role in maintaining them, with a few exceptions, notably when it comes to institutional characteristics. Our results also show the complex role of career history attributes, such as job variety and international mobility, in influencing the likelihood of collaboration. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay of different attributes in shaping scientific collaborations, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach in future homophily studies and nuanced strategies for fostering collaborations across different scientific fields.
Lower flexibility and range of motion in prepubertal soccer players: a pilot study
Authors: Pinto Daniele , Bonaldi Lorenza , Pirri Carmelo , Fontanella Chiara Giulia , Stecco Carla 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Even if sport practice is essential for children’s health, in the last years, an increased number of studies recorded injuries from the age of 12 years. In the multifactorial nature of injuries, a reduction in flexibility and/or range of motion is hypothesized to play a role. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the flexibility and range of motion of soccer players in the prepubertal age.

Methods
In this pilot transversal study, we investigated through various mobility tests (ankle wall test, sit and reach test, and active straight leg raise test) a population of 78 prepubertal soccer players (male, 12 ÷ 14 years old, BMI 18.472 ± 2.18 kg/m2).

Results
The results showed a significant reduction in their flexibility and range of motion compared to the reference values reported in clinical guidelines, and this decrement increased with the years of soccer history and age.

Conclusions
The lower flexibility and range of motion confirmed the importance of planning an adequate training to prevent their limitation with repercussions on body growth.
Uptake, translocation, and metabolization of amitriptyline, lidocaine, orphenadrine, and tramadol by cress and pea
Authors: Detzlhofer Anna , Grechhamer Christian , Madikizela Lawrence , Himmelsbach Markus , Mlynek Franz , Buchberger Wolfgang , Klampfl Christian W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe uptake, translocation, and metabolization of four widely used drugs, amitriptyline, orphenadrine, lidocaine, and tramadol, were investigated in a laboratory study. Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) were employed as model plants. These plants were grown in tap water containing the selected pharmaceuticals at concentrations ranging from 0.010 to 10 mg L−1, whereby the latter concentration was employed for the (tentative) identification of drug-related metabolites formed within the plant. Thereby, mainly phase I metabolites were detected. Time-resolved uptake studies, with sampling after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days, revealed that all four pharmaceuticals were taken up by the roots and further relocated to plant stem and leaves. Also in these studies, the corresponding phase I metabolites could be detected, and their translocation from root to stem (pea only) and finally leaves could be investigated.
Cyclic liquefaction resistance of MICP- and EICP-treated sand in simple shear conditions: a benchmarking with the critical state of untreated sand
Authors: Ahenkorah Isaac , Rahman Md Mizanur , Karim Md Rajibul , Beecham Simon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the undrained cyclic behaviour of biotreated sands using microbial and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation was investigated for a wide range of initial void ratio after consolidation ($$e_{0}$$

e
0

), initial effective normal stress ($$\sigma^{\prime }_{{{\text{N}}_{0} }}$$

σ

N
0

′

) and calcium carbonate content (CC) under direct simple shear (DSS) testing conditions. The critical state soil mechanics framework for untreated sand was first established using a series of drained and undrained (constant volume) tests, which served as a benchmark for evaluating the undrained cyclic liquefaction behaviour of untreated and biotreated sands. The results indicated that the modified initial state parameter ($$\psi_{{{\text{m}}_{{0}} }}$$

ψ

m
0

) in DSS condition showed a good correlation with instability states and phase transformation under monotonic shearing. In undrained cyclic DSS loading condition, samples displayed cyclic mobility indicated by an abrupt accumulation of large strain or $$\sigma^{\prime }_{{N_{0} }}$$

σ

N
0

′

transiently reaching zero or a sudden build-up of excess pore water pressure. The linkage between static and cyclic liquefaction was established for untreated and biotreated sand specimens based on the equivalence of characteristic soil states. The number of cycles before liquefaction (NL) for the biotreated sand specimens was mainly controlled by the cyclic stress ratio, $$e_{0}$$

e
0

, $$\sigma^{\prime }_{{{\text{N}}_{{0}} }}$$

σ

N
0

′

and CC. For a similar initial state prior to undrained cyclic loading, the biotreated specimens required a larger NL compared to the untreated sand. The cyclic resistance ratio at NL = 15 (CRR15) increased with decreasing $$\psi_{{{\text{m}}_{{0}} }}$$

ψ

m
0

for the untreated sand, while the CRR15 for biotreated sand increased with increasing CC and decreasing $$\sigma^{\prime }_{{N_{0} }}$$

σ

N
0

′

.