bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Patterns, Health Resource Use and Risk Factors for Severe Conditions Among Children Hospitalized With COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Okubo Yusuke , Uda Kazuhiro , Miyairi Isao 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The trends in clinical practice patterns and health resource use, as well as risk factors for severe conditions among children hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), remain unclear.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective observational study consisting of 9876 children hospitalized with COVID-19 during 2020–2022 using the Medical Data Vision database in Japan. We investigated trends in patient characteristics, health resource use, treatment patterns and laboratory data. Additionally, log-binomial regression models were used to investigate the risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 among pediatric inpatients with COVID-19.

Results:
We observed decreasing trends in the lengths of hospital stays, healthcare costs, computed tomography use, and antibiotic use, and increasing trends in treatment with intravenous hydration and use of antipyretics, antiepileptics, antiemetics and antivirals from the first wave to the seventh wave of COVID-19 pandemic. During the 3-year period, the risk of severe COVID-19 was almost stable at 3%. Risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 were children less than 1 year old [risk ratio (RR): 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.78], the number of complex chronic diseases (RR for 1 disease: 4.49; 95% CI: 2.76–7.32; RR for 2 or more diseases: 10.2; 95% CI: 5.19–20.3) and asthma (RR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.06–3.20).

Conclusions:
Our study observed the changes in practice patterns and health resource use for children hospitalized with COVID-19 and identified risk factors associated with severe COVID-19. These findings indicate the importance of vigilant monitoring and tailored treatment strategies in children with these risk factors.
The Minimal Utility of Analyzing Ureteropelvic Junction Tissue at the Time of Pyeloplasty
Authors: Bash Jasper C. , Bassale Solange , Isharwal Sudhir 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is a common cause of upper tract obstruction that often necessitates surgical intervention because of its severe implications. A high proportion of these surgeries include pathologic analysis of this tissue with unclear clinical value. We examined our institution's practices concerning sending the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) specimens for pathology analysis, its clinical value, and the associated costs for both pediatric and adult cases.

Methods:
We performed retrospective chart review using Current Procedural Terminology codes for pyeloplasty over 8 years. Clinical variables were extracted from operative reports, path reports, and postoperative clinic notes. Pathology results were classified dichotomously as “benign” or “malignant” and subsequently assigned to 1 of 4 categories—inflammation, fibrosis, muscular hyperplasia, or no atypical findings.

Results:
Two hundred sixty-nine pyeloplasty surgeries were included, 68% of which were in children. Pathologic analysis was requested in most of the cases (91%), and this was slightly more common in adults (94%) than in pediatric patients (90%). All available pathology reports found benign findings in the UPJ specimen, mostly commonly categorized as “normal.” No cases of malignancy were noted. At the list price for pathologic analysis, $103,027 was spent over 8 years without the discovery of clinically significant pathology findings.

Conclusions:
There was a lack of clinically meaningful results from pathologic analysis of UPJ specimens excised during pyeloplasty. A UPJ specimen should not be routinely sent for pathologic analysis rather selectively if there is clinical concern for nonbenign etiology of UPJ obstruction.
Treating obesity in type 1 diabetes mellitus – review of efficacy and safety
Authors: Freeby Matthew , Lane Kyrstin 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Obesity is an epidemic in the United States with serious concomitant co-morbid conditions; people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are not immune to the risk either. Weight gain in T1D is likely multifactorial, due to genetic, environmental and treatment-related factors. FDA-approved and other adjunctive weight loss therapies may benefit people living with T1D but there are risks to consider when providing recommendations or prescribing medications.

Recent findings
We performed a PubMed search of studies assessing clinical outcomes of both approved and off-label medications used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Search terms included ‘type 1 diabetes, obesity’ and the following: (1) metformin, (2) pramlintide, (3) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, (4) dual GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) agonists, (5) sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, (6) surgical treatment of obesity, (7) insulin pump, (8) insulin, (9) medical nutrition therapy, (10) diabetes self-management education, (11) exercise, (12) naltrexone-buproprion, (13) orlistat, and (14) phentermine-topiramate.

Summary
Weight loss treatments provide a wide-range of benefits in reducing both morbidity and mortality in those who are obese. Treatments also have varying adverse effect profiles which may impact T1D treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize study outcomes in people with T1D, including risks and benefits, of on- and off-label weight loss treatments.
Separate orexigenic hippocampal ensembles shape dietary choice by enhancing contextual memory and motivation
Authors: Yang Mingxin , Singh Arashdeep , McDougle Molly , Décarie-Spain Léa , Kanoski Scott , de Lartigue Guillaume 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe hippocampus (HPC), traditionally known for its role in learning and memory, has emerged as a controller of food intake. While prior studies primarily associated the HPC with food intake inhibition, recent research suggests a critical role in appetitive processes. We hypothesized that orexigenic HPC neurons differentially respond to fats and/or sugars, potent natural reinforcers that contribute to obesity development. Results uncover previously-unrecognized, spatially-distinct neuronal ensembles within the dorsal HPC (dHPC) that are responsive to separate nutrient signals originating from the gut. Using activity-dependent genetic capture of nutrient-responsive HPC neurons, we demonstrate a causal role of both populations in promoting nutrient-specific preference through different mechanisms. Sugar-responsive neurons encode an appetitive spatial memory engram for meal location, whereas fat-responsive neurons selectively enhance the preference and motivation for fat intake. Collectively, these findings uncover a neural basis for the exquisite specificity in processing macronutrient signals from a meal that shape dietary choices.
Disorder-Free Data are All You Need: Inverse Supervised Learning for Broad-Spectrum Head Disorder Detection
Authors: He Yuwei , Guo Yuchen , Lyu Jinhao , Ma Liangdi , Tan Haotian , Zhang Wei , Ding Guiguang , Liang Hengrui , He Jianxing , Lou Xin , Dai Qionghai , Xu Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based medical systems heavily relies on the collection and annotation of sufficient data containing disorders. However, the preparation of data with complete disorder types and adequate annotations presents a significant challenge, limiting the diagnostic capabilities of existing AI-based medical systems. This study introduces a novel AI-based system that accurately detects a broad spectrum of disorders without requiring any disorder-containing data.METHODSWe obtained a training dataset of 21,429 disorder-free head computed tomography (CT) scans and proposed a learning algorithm called Inverse Supervised Learning (ISL). This algorithm learns and understands disorder-free samples instead of disorder-contained ones, enabling the identification of all types of disorders. We also developed a diagnosis and visualization software for clinical usage based on the system’s ability to provide visually understandable clues.RESULTSThe system achieved Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.883, 0.868, and 0.866 on retrospective (127 disorder types, 9,967 scans), prospective (117 disorder types, 3,054 scans), and cross-center (46 disorder types, 554 scans) datasets, respectively. These results demonstrate that the system can detect far more disorder types than previous AI-based systems. Furthermore, the ISL-based systems achieved AUC values of 0.893 and 0.895 on pulmonary CT and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively, demonstrating that ISL can generalize well to non-head and non-CT images.CONCLUSIONSOur novel AI-based system, utilizing ISL, can accurately and broadly detect disorders without requiring disorder-containing data. This system not only outperforms previous AI-based systems in terms of disorder detection but also provides visually understandable clues, enhancing its clinical utility. The successful application of ISL to non-head and non-CT images further demonstrates its potential for broad-spectrum medical applications. (Funded by National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China)
Prolonged over-expression of PLK4 amplifies centrosomes through formation of inter-connected centrosome rosette clusters
Authors: Özcan Selahattin Can , Kalkan Batuhan Mert , Çiçek Enes , Canbaz Ata Alpay , Ayhan Ceyda Açılan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe centrosome cycle is a tightly regulated process to ensure proper segregation of chromosomes. Not surprisingly, centriole number is tightly controlled via multiple mechanisms, one of which involves PLK4, an upstream kinase facilitating centriole biogenesis and duplication. Aberrations in this process can result in supernumerary centrosomes, which are frequently observed in a variety of cancers due to high levels of PLK4. Interestingly, extra centrosomes induced by PLK4 over-expression go through unique intermediate structures called the centrosome rosettes (CRs), where the mother centriole is surrounded by numerous daughter centrioles. The maturation and molecular nature of these CRs have not been investigated in detail. Upon prolonged PLK4 over-expression, cells exhibited large centrosomes that were clustered and contained more than two CRs, which we defined as centrosome rosette clusters (CRCs). As expected, these structures required high PLK4 levels at two consecutive cell cycles and were still interconnected with canonical centrosomal linker proteins such as C-Nap1, Rootletin, and Cep68. Knockout of these linker proteins resulted in distancing of CRs and CRCs as observed by increased diameter of the CRCs in interphase. In contrast, Nek2 knockout inhibited the separation of CRCs in prometaphase, providing functional evidence for the binding of CRC structures with centrosomal linker proteins. These results suggest a cell cycle dependent model for PLK4 induced centrosome amplification, which occurs in two consecutive cell cycles: (i) CR state in the first cell cycle, and (ii) CRC state in the second cell cycle.Author summaryThe overexpression of PLK4 can lead to the formation of centrosome rosette structures, which harbor two centrioles around the mother centriole. Although the generation of centrosome rosettes by PLK4 overexpression has been previously investigated, little is known about the cell cycle-dependent maturation and linking of these structures. Here, we report that prolonged PLK4 overexpression results in amplification of centrosomes through the generation of centrosome rosette clusters (CRCs). These CRCs are interconnected via canonical centrosomal linker proteins such as C-Nap1, Rootletin, and CEP68 and are regulated by mechanisms controlling centrosome linking and separation. We also describe two different spatial binding types of amplified centrosomes following PLK4 induction: planar-oriented and circular-oriented. Since PLK4-associated centrosome amplification occurs naturally in both cancer and multiciliated cells, we believe that this research will contribute to a better understanding of the canonical mechanism of PLK4-induced centrosome amplification.
Extracellular matrix topography drives adrenergic to mesenchymal transition in neuroblastoma
Authors: Chronopoulos Antonios , Vemula Chandra , Chavez Ivan , Kennedy Rebekah , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Park JinSeok 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, exhibits significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity with two interconvertible identities: adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES). MES cells exhibit phenotypes associated with metastasis and are enriched in relapse NB compared to ADRN. Thus, reprogramming from ADRN to MES may determine inferior NB outcomes, which needs better elucidation. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential tumor microenvironment (TME) component that provides physical support as a scaffold and delivers mechanical cues. We demonstrate that high-risk NB has more topographically aligned ECM fibers than low-risk NB. Using nano-fabricated biomaterials mimicking ECM alignment, we reveal that ECM topography drives ADRN-MES reprogramming by enhancing cell-ECM interactions. This transition involves epigenetic and transcriptional changes, accompanied by enhanced phenotypic features of MES. Also, we uncover that ECM-driven reprogramming relies on the Rho-associated kinase pathway. Overall, ECM-driven ADRN-MES reprogramming provides insight into TME-targeted therapeutic strategies for suppressing MES and improving NB outcomes.
The impact of contemporary socio-economic and technological factors on container terminal performance
Authors: Abdul Rahman Noorul Shaiful Fitri , Othman Mohammad Khairuddin , Thai Vinh V. , Md. Hanafiah Rudiah , Hamid Abdelsalam Adam 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis present study uses political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) analysis and the strategic management theory to examine how external factors, namely the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the industrial revolution (IR) 4.0 technologies, the fuel price crisis and Sultanate of Oman Logistics Strategy (SOLS) 2040, affect the performance of container terminals in Oman.Design/methodology/approachA hybrid decision-making method that combined the analytical hierarchy process technique and Bayesian network model was used to achieve the objective of the present study.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic (54.60%) most significantly affected the performance of container terminals in Oman, followed by IR 4.0 technologies (19.66%), SOLS (17.00%) and fuel price crisis (8.74%). Container terminals in Oman were also found to perform “moderately,” considering the uncertainty of external factors.Research limitations/implicationsThis study enriches existing literature by using PESTLE analysis to assess the impact of the external business environment on firm performance in the context of the maritime industry as well as highlights how challenging external environmental factors affect the performance of container terminals in Oman.Originality/valueThis study contributes to developing novel study models and determining the performance level of container terminals in Oman considering integrated uncertainties and external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, IR 4.0 technologies, the SOLS 2040 and the fuel price crisis.
Navigating towards hyperautomation and the empowerment of human capital in family businesses: a perspective article
Authors: Birkbeck Andrew , Rowe Lisa 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the past and future impacts of automation on family businesses, with a focus on the opportunities for human capital empowerment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws upon a contemporary literature search to examine a range of scholarly and practitioner perspectives of the challenges and benefits of automation, exploring the evolvement towards hyperautomation and the empowerment of human capital in family businesses.FindingsAutomation, transforming to hyperautomation, general purpose artificial intelligence (AI) and beyond has the possibility of radically improving productivity. Fear of job obsolescence has been present since the birth of modern automation, and whilst some jobs are at risk of redundancy, a net gain towards higher-skilled labour is already evident. Family business leaders must be prepared to react appropriately to the accelerating war for talent by implementing a strategy for human capital empowerment.Originality/valueThis unique paper synthesises developments in automation and proposes a future perspective centred upon the empowerment of human capital in family businesses.
Wall slip effects in Rayleigh–Bénard convection of viscoplastic materials
Authors: Aghighi Mohammad Saeid , Metivier Christel , Fakhri Sajad 
Published: October 2023

PurposeAccording to the research, viscoplastic fluids are sensitive to slipping. The purpose of this study is to determine whether slip affects the Rayleigh–Bénard convection of viscoplastic fluids in cavities and, if so, under what conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe wall slip was evaluated using a model created for viscoplastic (Bingham) fluids. The coupled conservation equations were solved numerically using the finite element method. Simulations were performed for various parameters: the Rayleigh number, yield number, slip yield number and friction number.FindingsWall slip determines two essential yield stresses: a specific yield stress value beyond which wall slippage is impossible (S_Yc); and a maximum yield stress beyond which convective flow is impossible (Y_c). At low Rayleigh numbers, Y_c is smaller than S_Yc. Hence, the flow attained a stable (conduction) condition before achieving the no-slip condition. However, for more significant Rayleigh numbers Y_c exceeded S_Yc. Thus, the flow will slip at low yield numbers while remaining no-slip at high yield numbers. The possibility of slipping on the wall increases the buoyancy force, facilitating the onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection.Originality/valueAn essential aspect of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the effect of slippage on the natural convection flow of viscoplastic materials within a cavity, which has not been previously investigated. This research contributes to a new understanding of the viscoplastic fluid behavior resulting from slipping.
Synthesis of novel pyrazolyl quinolinone derivatives and their physicochemical applications on polyester
Authors: Ali Ali A. , Abass M. , El-Molla S.A. , Halim Shimaa Abdel , Ibrahim EL-Shimaa 
Published: October 2023

Graphical abstract

Purpose
This study aims to synthesize new disperse dyes based on novel pyrazolyl quinolinone derivatives EQ1 and EQ2 and evaluate their characteristics after dyeing them on a polyester fabric.

Design/methodology/approach
New dispersed dyes based on pyrazolyl quinolinone derivatives were prepared and confirmed by different analyses, such as infrared spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They were dyed on a polyester fabric. The characteristics of dyed polyester were determined by color measurements such as a*, b*, L*, C*, E, Ho, R% and color strength. The electronic structures of EQ1 and EQ2 in gaseous state were investigated using density functional theory/B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level of theory.

Findings
The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for dyeing on polyester fabrics has been investigated. The study was concerned with comparing the contrasting depth of shade and levelness. The study was concerned mainly with dye uptake and color measurements at two different temperatures. The results showed that the exhaustion values of dyes inside the polyester at 130°C were higher than those obtained at conventional dyeing temperature (100°C). The exhaustion values of EQ2 were greater than those of EQ1 at 130°C with 2.2%, while the brightness of EQ2 was higher than that of EQ1 at the two investigated temperatures. The results of molecular orbital calculations show that the studied compounds are planar. In addition, the ionization potential of EQ1 was lower than that of EQ2. The results of the theoretical study helped in understanding the dyeing behavior of the investigated azo dyes.

Originality/value
The prepared disperse dyes based on pyrazolyl quinolinone derivatives could be used in textile dyeing of polyester on an industrial scale.
Analysing the use of mixed methods in quality management literature
Authors: Moura e Sá Patrícia 
Published: October 2023

PurposeLittle is known about the extent to which management and engineering publications dedicated to the study of quality management topics make use of mixed methods, what types of studies have been conducted and how effective mixed methods have been. The aim of the current paper is to analyse how mixed methods have been used in quality management research.Design/methodology/approachTo address this purpose, a bibliometric analysis was conducted of papers using mixed methods designs to investigate quality management issues and published in the SCOPUS database. CiteSpace software was used to assist in the categorisation and mapping process.FindingsNinety articles were identified and analysed. The results show that mixed methods are mainly used either to compare different perspectives drawn from quantitative and qualitative data or to develop better measurement instruments. Sequential mixes occur more often than concurrent approaches. Moreover, there is a link between the purpose of the study and the approaches followed to combine qualitative and quantitative methods. Yet, the contribution of the use of mixed methods to achieving the aims of the study is not easy to assess as the purposes of using mixed methods are often not clearly stated.Originality/valueAs one of the first papers to examine how qualitative and quantitative methods are being combined in quality management research, this study is expected to contribute to the literature by providing some insights into how mixed methods can be more effectively used in this field.
Application of 3D computed tomography in emphysematous parenchyma patients scheduled for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction
Authors: Wei Ping , Tao Ru‐Jia , Lu Hai‐wen , Xu Jin‐Fu , Liu Yi‐han , Wang Hai , Li Ling‐Ling , Gu Ye , Cao Wei‐Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a feasible, safe, effective and minimally invasive technique to significantly improve the quality of life of advanced severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) automatic analysis software combined with pulmonary function test (PFT) was used to retrospectively evaluate the postoperative efficacy of BLVR patients. The purpose is to evaluate the improvement of lung function of local lung tissue after operation, maximize the benefits of patients, and facilitate BLVR in the treatment of patients with advanced COPD. All the reported cases of advanced COPD patients treated with BLVR with one‐way valve were collected and analysed from 2017 to 2020. Three‐dimensional‐CT image analysis software system was used to analyse the distribution of low‐density areas <950 Hounsfield units in both lungs pre‐ and post‐ BLVR. Meanwhile, all patients performed standard PFT pre‐ and post‐operation for retrospective analysis. We reported six patients that underwent unilateral BLVR with 1 to 3 valves according to the range of emphysema. All patients showed a median increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 34%, compared with baseline values. Hyperinflation was reduced by 16.6% (range, 4.9%‐47.2%). The volumetric measurements showed a significant reduction in the treated lobe volume among these patients. Meanwhile, the targeted lobe volume changes were inversely correlated with change in FEV1/FEV1% in patients with heterogeneous emphysematous. We confirm that 3D‐CT analysis can quantify the changes of lung volume, ventilation and perfusion, to accurately evaluate the distribution and improvement of emphysema and rely less on the observer.