bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylphenidate causes chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: Alghamdi Dhafer , Jahdali Hamdan , Alharbi Abdullah , Alshehri Ahmad , Alfirm Bandar , Bamefleh Hanaa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
A man who is 38 years old and diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was prescribed methylphenidate. Three weeks later, he began experiencing progressive shortness of breath and coughing. Imaging of his chest showed patchy bilateral ground-glass opacities, and bronchoscopy revealed a 15% eosinophil count in his bronchoalveolar lavage. A transbronchial biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia. The patient’s condition improved when he was given steroids and stopped taking methylphenidate. However, he developed the same symptoms again a few days after restarting the medication, along with a skin rash. This strongly suggests that methylphenidate was the cause of his eosinophilic pneumonia.
Leucoglycemic index predicts post-operative vasopressor-inotropic requirement after adult cardiac surgery (LEUCOGLYPTICS): A retrospective single-center study
Authors: Magoon Rohan , Singh Armaanjeet , Kashav Ramesh , Kohli Jasvinder K. , Shri Iti , Bansal Noopur , Grover Vijay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Cardiac surgery often necessitates considerable post-operative vasoactive-inotropic support. Given an encouraging literature on the prognostic potential of leucoglycemic index (LGI) [serum glucose (mg/dl) × total leucocytes count (cells/mm3)/1000], we aimed to evaluate whether intensive care unit (ICU)-admission LGI can predict post-operative vasopressor-inotropic requirements following cardiac surgery on cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB).

Material and Methods:
The data of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our tertiary care center between January 2015 and December 2020 was retrospectively reviewed. The vasopressor-inotropic requirement was estimated using the VIS (vasoactive-inotropic score) values over the first post-operative 72 hrs. Subsequently, VISi (indexed VIS) was computed as maxVIS[0-24hrs] + maxVIS[24-48hrs] +2 × maxVIS[48-72hrs]/10), and the study participants were divided into h-VISi (VISi ≥3) and l-VISi (VISi <3).

Results:
Out of 2138 patients, 479 (22.40%) patients categorized as h-VISi. On univariate analysis: LGI, age, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score (EuroSCORE II), left-ventricle ejection fraction, prior congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic renal failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, combined surgeries, CPB and aortic cross-clamp (ACC) duration, blood transfusion, and immediate post-operative glucose were significant h-VISi predictors. Subsequent to multi-variate analysis, the predictive performance of LGI (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.14; P = 0.002) prior CHF (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.44–3.82; P = 0.001), CPB time (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.14; P = 0.019), ACC time (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04; P = 0.008), and EuroSCORE II (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06–1.21; P < 0.001) remained significant. With 1484.75 emerging as the h-VISi predictive cut-off, patients with LGI ≥ 1484.75 also had a higher incidence of vasoplegia, low-cardiac output syndrome, new-onset atrial fibrillation, acute kidney injury, and mortality. LGI additionally exhibited a significant positive correlation with duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay (R = 0.495 and 0.564, P value < 0.001).

Conclusion:
An elevated LGI of greater than 1484.75 independently predicted a VISindex ≥3 following adult cardiac surgery on CPB.
The effect of addition of ultra-low dose of naloxone to fentanyl–bupivacaine mixture on the incidence of pruritis after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: Randomized clinical study
Authors: Ahmed Sameh A. , Amer Asmaa F. , Lotfy Hashem A. , Mansour Radwa F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
The use of intrathecal opioids is associated with high risk of pruritis and this may be decreased by adding a low dose of naloxone. This study evaluated the effect of the addition of 20 μg of naloxone to fentanyl–bupivacaine mixture on the incidence of pruritis in pregnant females scheduled for cesarean section (CS).

Material and Methods:
Eighty pregnant patients scheduled for CS under spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive either 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (2 ml) plus 25 μg fentanyl (group F) or 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (2 ml) plus 25 μg fentanyl and 20 μg naloxone (group FN). The incidence, onset, duration, site, and severity of pruritis were measured. Furthermore, the postoperative numerical rating scale (NRS) score, the total tramadol rescue analgesia, and the time for the first request of rescue analgesia were recorded.

Results:
Compared to the F group, the FN group showed a significant decrease in the incidence of pruritis (P = 0.022), prolongation of the onset of pruritis (P = 0.006), shortening of the duration of pruritis (P = 0.029), and decrease in the severity of pruritis (P = 0.039). Furthermore, the postoperative pain score, the rescue analgesic consumption, and the time for the first request of rescue analgesia were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The addition of an ultra-low dose of naloxone (20 μg) to fentanyl–bupivacaine mixture in spinal anesthesia for pregnant females scheduled for CS significantly reduced the incidence of pruritis without having a significant effect on the postoperative analgesia.
The Saudi urological association guidelines on urolithiasis
Authors: Kamal Wissam , Azhar Raed A , Hamri Saeed Bin , Alathal Abdulaziz H. , Alamri Abdulaziz , Alzahrani Tarek , Abeery Hussain , Noureldin Yasser A. , Alomar Mohammad , Al Own Abdulrahman , Alnazari Mansour M , Alharthi Majid , Awad Mohannad A. , Halawani Abdulghafour , Althubiany Hatem Hamed , Alruwaily Abdulrahman , Violette Phillipe 
Published: January 2024

Aims:
The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines are a set of recommendations for diagnosing, evaluating, and treating urolithiasis in the Saudi population. These guidelines are based on the latest evidence and expert consensus to improve patient outcomes and optimize care delivery. They cover the various aspects of urolithiasis, including risk factors, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatments, and prevention strategies. By following these guidelines, health-care professionals can improve care quality for individuals with urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia.

Panel:
The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel consists of urologists specialized in endourology with expertise in urolithiasis and consultation with a guideline methodologist. All panelists involved in this document have submitted statements disclosing any potential conflicts of interest.

Methods:
The Saudi Guidelines on Urolithiasis were developed by relying primarily on established international guidelines to adopt or adapt the most appropriate guidance for the Saudi context. When necessary, the panel modified the phrasing of recommendations from different sources to ensure consistency within the document. To address areas less well covered in existing guidelines, the panel conducted a directed literature search for high quality evidence published in English, including meta analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective nonrandomized comparative studies. The panel also searched for locally relevant studies containing information unique to the Saudi Arabian population. The recommendations are formulated with a direction and strength of recommendation based on GRADE terminology and interpretation while relying on existing summaries of evidence from the existing guidelines.
Delayed impacts of COVID-19 infection on unexplained male infertility: 2-year follow-up of normal sperm parameters in unexplained male infertility in KSA
Authors: Abdelaziz Alsayed Saad , Ghoneem Ayman Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The current study aimed to assess the long-term effect of COVID-19 infection on unexplained male infertility.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective comparative study of 134 men attending the infertility outpatient clinic of our institution before exposing to COVID-19 infection in KSA from January 2019 to July 2022. Medical recorded data of these patients who were investigated before COVID-19 infection were retrospectively collected using the hospital’s electronic database, including semen analysis, sex hormonal, and ultrasound testicular size, and their data were compared prospectively to collected data after 2-year follow-up.

Results:
One hundred and thirty-four infertile males who got COVID-19 infection in KSA (median age, 33 years) were assisted retrospectively preinfection and delayed 2 years postinfection (median of 23 months). Of the 134 men, 44 (32.83%) were asymptomatic positive COVID-19 (Group A), 68 (50.74%) had mild-to-moderate symptomatic positive COVID-19 (Group B), and 22 (16.41%) had severe symptomatic positive COVID-19 (Group C). There was no significant change between pre- and postinfections in sperm parameters, sex hormonal level, and testicular size. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients regarding the severity of infections. None of the evaluated parameters differed significantly after infections up to 2 years. Results of this study demonstrate that COVID-19 infection does not have significant changes in sperm parameters, sex hormonal level, and testicular size.

Conclusion:
The long-term impact of COVID-19 infections has no significant effect on normal sperm parameters, sex hormones, and testicular size in male infertility in KSA.
Thermoexpandable Memokath stent: Usage and efficacy in ureteral and urethral strictures in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Buksh Omar , Jar Anfar , Khogeer Ahmad , Alzahrani Hani , Akram Rabea , Taher Mohammad , Al Akra’a Mahmoud , Alammari Adel , Junaid Islam 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Double J (DJ) stent is widely used in cases of ureteric strictures as a temporary solution; however, it has certain limitations, such as the need for frequent exchange. Alternatively, a long-lasting thermoexpandable stent (Memokath™ 051) has been used to relieve ureteral obstructions in comorbid patients with multiple reported advantages, such as longer durability which avoids the need of frequent exchanges. In addition, it can be used in certain cases of urethral strictures. Our study is the first in the region to report the experience and outcome of Memokath stent with ureteral and urethral strictures.

Materials and Methods:
After local IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed records of 21 patients who underwent insertion of Memokath 051 stent in the ureter and Memokath 045 in the urethra between 2013 and 2021. Indications of insertion, indwelling duration, and causes of removal were collected and analyzed by SPSS.

Results:
Twenty-one patients received 21 Memokath stents for 11 ureteral strictures and 10 urethral strictures. Fifty-five percent of ureteral strictures were malignant, and 27.3% of the benign ureteric strictures were transplant ureters. Ureteric memokath stents remained functioning for a mean of 16.1 months. Mean indwelling time for transplant ureteric memokath stents was 24.3 months. Total 4 ureteric stents had migrated, 4 stents blocked, and 2 stents were removed as planned and 1 stent removed due to febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Ten urethral stents remained in place for mean of 14 months. Three stents were removed as planned with resolution of stricture, two were removed due to blockage, three stents had UTI, one was removed due to pain, and one stent remained functioning until the patient expired.

Conclusion:
Our outcome is comparable to other published studies, suggesting that ureteric Memokath stent is a better option with adequate indwelling time, especially in transplant ureters, in comparison with DJ stents. In addition, Memokath stents can be used in selected recurrent urethral strictures where surgical reconstruction is not feasible.
Comparison of sperm retrieval rate between superficial and deep dissection during microscopic testicular sperm extraction
Authors: Mandourah Hammam , Alghafees Mohammad , Alali Hamed , Alsuhaibani Shaheed , Gutub Eyad , Aldosari Lama , Alhumaid Turki , Kattan Said , Alhathal Naif 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) between superficial and deep dissection on the same testicle in terms of sperm retrieval rate (SRR).

Patients and Methods:
In a retrospective study from June 2019 to October 2021, 44 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent micro-TESE with positive results (mature sperm identified) were included. Eight patients were excluded from the study due to deficient documentation on superficial and deep dissection. A total of 36 patients were included; 60 testicles were examined for superficial and deep biopsies. Testicular histopathology was performed in all patients, and a hormonal evaluation was obtained before the micro-TESE attempt.

Results:
Thirty-six patients and 60 testicles were included in the study. Of them, 47 (78.3%) testicles had positive results. Superficial TESE was positive in 38 (63.3%) testicles, and deep TESE was successful in 45 (75.0%) testicles. An improvement of 13.9% in the SRR was observed, following deep dissection. However, there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.166). Rates of positive sperm retrieval (from any side) did not differ significantly based on patients’ age, microdissection testicular sperm extraction sides, and hormonal concentrations; these differences were not apparent after superficial or deep TESE.

Conclusion:
The presented findings suggest that although successful SRRs of deep TESE were higher than that of its superficial counterpart, there was no significant statistical difference. A larger body of evidence is needed to provide a higher grade of recommendation.
Using machine learning models to predict synchronous genitourinary cancers among gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients
Authors: Alghafees Mohammad , Seyam Raouf M , Al-Hussain Turki , Amin Tarek Mahmoud , Altaweel Waleed , Sabbah Belal Nedal , Sabbah Ahmad Nedal , Almesned Razan , Alessa Laila 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) can occur synchronously with other neoplasms, including the genitourinary (GU) system. Machine learning (ML) may be a valuable tool in predicting synchronous GU tumors in GIST patients, and thus improving prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the use of ML algorithms to predict synchronous GU tumors among GIST patients in a specialist research center in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed data from all patients with histopathologically confirmed GIST at our facility from 2003 to 2020. Patient files were reviewed for the presence of renal cell carcinoma, adrenal tumors, or other GU cancers. Three supervised ML algorithms were used: logistic regression, XGBoost Regressor, and random forests (RFs). A set of variables, including independent attributes, was entered into the models.

Results:
A total of 170 patients were included in the study, with 58.8% (n = 100) being male. The median age was 57 (range: 9–91) years. The majority of GISTs were gastric (60%, n = 102) with a spindle cell histology. The most common stage at diagnosis was T2 (27.6%, n = 47) and N0 (20%, n = 34). Six patients (3.5%) had synchronous GU tumors. The RF model achieved the highest accuracy with 97.1%.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that the RF model is an effective tool for predicting synchronous GU tumors in GIST patients. Larger multicenter studies, utilizing more powerful algorithms such as deep learning and other artificial intelligence subsets, are necessary to further refine and improve these predictions.
Shock wave lithotripsy in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Ibrahim Rabie M. , Elzawy Faysal , Ragheb Ahmed Mohamed , Elmarakbi Akram A. , Sayed Osama , Lotfy Amr M. , Youssef Ahmed , Badwy Hany F , Mohamed Ahmed Gamal 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The objective of the study y was to evaluate factors which can improve shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) results to keep up with COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Between June 2020 and June 2021, patients with radio-opaque or faint radio-opaque upper urinary tract stones, stone attenuation value ≤1200 HU, and stones size <2.5 cm were treated by electrohydraulic SWL. Patients with respiratory tract symptoms elevated temperature, contact with COVID-19 patients, or positive COVID-19 swab 2 weeks preoperatively, skin-to-stone distance >11 cm, and body mass index >30 kg/m2 were excluded from the study. Patients were prospectively enrolled in SWL done at a rate of 40–50 SWs/min under combined ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided, ramped into high power in the 1st 300 shocks. Success rate and complications were recorded.

Results:
Five hundred and ninety patients completed the study. The success rate after 1st session was 408/590 patients (69.15%) which was augmented by 2nd session to reach 527/590 patients 89.3%. The success rate was 96.2% at 3 months postoperatively. Most complications were mild (Grade 1 or 2).

Conclusions:
SWL results improved using slow rate high power from the start of the session under combined fluoroscopy and ultrasound guidance. SWL may be a preferred option during a pandemic.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS PENDEKATAN PENEMUANTERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SMPN.1 SOSOPAN
Authors: Juliana Minarti , Rizqi Nur Rahmi , Arini Lilis 
Published: January 2024

Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang disebabkan perangkat pembelajaran tidak mendukung kemampuan tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk: (1) memperoleh perangkat pembelajaran yang valid dan efektif, (2) mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa dengan menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berbasis pendekatan penemuan terbimbing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model 4-D dari Tiagarajan, dkk. Uji coba I di kelas VIII-1 dan uji coba II di kelas VIII-2 SMP N.1SOSOPAN. Perangkat Pembelajaran yang dikembangkan yaitu Buku Siswa (BS), dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS). Setiap perangkat memenuhi aspek validitas dan reliabilitas. Dari hasil pengembangan ini diperoleh bahwa: (1) Validitas Perangkat pembelajaran valid yaitu validitas BS = 4,67, dan LKS = 4,63 dan efektivitas perangkat pembelajaran efektif dilihat dari ketercapaian ketuntasan belajar siswa, aktivitas siswa dalam batas toleransi yang ditetapkan dan respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran dalam kategori baik; (2) persentase peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada uji coba I adalah 12,5% dan pada uji coba II 20,6 %; serta rata-rata peningkatan disposisi matematis siswa pada uji coba I adalah 0,49 poin dan pada uji coba II adalah 0,54 poin.
GOLDEN PROFILOGRAPHY: AESTHETICS OF FACIAL PROPORTIONS IN A GROUP OF STUDENTS FROM THE FACULTY OF DENTISTRY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CUENCA
Authors: Aguirre Valle Sugey Anaela , Apolo Carrión Yanderin Nicole , Auquilla Bravo Flavia , Jara Sangurima Joselyne Nayelly , Sauca Chalán Nancy Pilar , Bravo Calderon Manuel Estuardo 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and objective. The approach to the harmony of a facial profile involves multiple studies, of which in this study the golden ratio and profiling are analysed to see the aesthetics and facial pattern of the patients. Golden Profilography is defined as the drawing of the vertical facial profile of aesthetic proportions obtained by means of the golden section from a photograph of the facial profile. Material and methods. The Golden Profilography is a photograph of the facial profile with aesthetic proportions obtained from measurements of the patient's facial profile enlarged to life size, from which we take the measurement corresponding to the vertical nasal axis divided by the golden section. Results. We carried out this study in students of the Seventh Cycle of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca from different regions of the country, who underwent a radiographic examination in order to determine their profile, clearly for academic purposes. A total of 27 students. All of them were profiled in the same way using the aforementioned software such as Nemocast. Conclusions. The facial profile obtained by the selected software verifies the golden aesthetics and it is evident that in a group of students a higher index of a mesofacial profile is reflected, which is historically known as a normal profile.
ДЕКАДЫ КАЗАХСКОГО ИСКУССТВА И ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ В МОСКВЕ (1936, 1958). ИСТОЧНИКОВЕДЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР
Authors: Imayo Assel 
Published: January 2024

Проблема организационной деятельности в разрезе массовых гастролей тема, безусловно, мало раскрытая в Казахстане. Первые массовые гастроли деятелей искусства Казахской ССР предлагается рассмотреть в качестве первого подобного опыта для страны, как для руководителей, так и артистов.
Основу исследования составляют документы из центрального государственного актива. Сквозь призму архивных документов: постановлений, приказов и справок и пр., автор предлагает рассмотреть процессы подготовки к декадам, их результативность и инструменты реализации гастролей.
Уникальные архивные документы представили красочное обозрение события государственного масштаба – «Декады». Реализация крупного проекта, направленного на поддержку казахской культуры была успешна по многим причинам. Автор описывает тактику популяризации казахской культуры в Москве, стратегии проведения сопутствующих мероприятий, распределения ресурсов, назначение ответственных лиц. Отдельное внимание было уделено казахстанским деятелям культуры и искусства. Конкретные действия Т. Жургенова, А. Жубанова, А. Затаевича и многих других, подтвержденные документально, нашли отражение в статье. Приведенные рецензии и публикации в СМИ по всей территории СССР говорят о безусловной значимости события «Декады» и мероприятий с ним связанных.
Описанные декады 1936 и 1958 годов являются уникальными своего рода проектами, не имеющие аналогов ни в одной другой культуре (кроме стран СНГ). В своем потенциале – это некие незримые мосты точек соприкосновения принципов продвижения культуры в параллели с динамикой развития технологии современного арт-менеджмента с его признаками, теорией и практикой.
EFFECTS OF STAFF HOUSING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT-AIDED PRIMARY SCHOOLS AT PRIMARY LEAVING EXAMINATIONS IN KAKUMIRO DISTRICT.
Authors: Serugo Michael Isaac , Sendagi Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The general objective was to explore how staff housing affects the performance of government-aided primary schools at Primary Leaving Examinations in Kakumiro District.
Methodology:
The study used a descriptive case study design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample of 373 respondents participated in the study with 302 teachers, 56 head teachers, and 15 District Education Officials. Simple random, census, and purposive sampling techniques were used. The response rate was 97.8%. Structured interviews.
Results;
The study results from the correlation show a weak, positive, and statistically significant relationship between staff housing and performance of government-aided primary schools at PLE at .351(*) given by Pearson correlation (p-value) of 0.003. The regression results further revealed that staff housing accounts for a change in the performance of government-aided primary schools at PLE at 1.9% which is a small change.
Conclusion:
It is also concluded that both variables change in the same direction whereby better staff housing is related to improved performance of government-aided primary schools at PLE, and poor staff housing leads to poor performance of government-aided primary schools at PLE.
Recommendations:
Kakumiro District local government should allocate more money in its budget estimates for the construction of teachers’ houses in primary schools to solve the staff housing problem. It is important to note that building or improving staff housing would be to the benefit of pupils to easily access their teachers.