bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Fluid Flow in Rough Rock Fracture: 2D Case
Authors: Finenko M. , Konietzky H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate both laminar and turbulent flow regimes in a rough-walled rock fracture via numerical CFD simulations. While previous studies were limited to either fully viscous Darcy or inertial Forchheimer laminar flow regimes, we chose to cover the widest possible Reynolds number range of 0.1–$$10^6$$

10
6

. We introduce CFD simulation of a turbulent flow for rough-walled fractures, implementing RANS approach to turbulence modeling. We focus on 2D fracture geometries and implement changes in both shear displacement and wall roughness, systematically examining their effect on fracture permeability and friction factor in a manner similar to the fundamental studies of the flow in rough-walled pipes. For a curvilinear fracture, laminar flow becomes non-stationary between $$Re \, {\sim } \, 10^2$$

R
e

∼

10
2

–$$10^3$$

10
3

, earlier for larger shear displacement and wall roughness. Laminar–turbulent transition starting at $$Re_{\textrm{cr}} \, {\sim } \, 2300$$

R

e
cr

∼

2300

may lead to a sharp drop in permeability depending on the fracture geometry; this gap vanishes for larger shear displacement and wall roughness. Depending on the fracture geometry, bottlenecks closing with shear become a major negative factor for the overall permeability.
Geochemical Behaviour of Rare Earth Elements Throughout an Acid Mine Drainage Passive Treatment System in the Lousal Mine Area, Portugal
Authors: Obregón-Castro Cynthia , Prudêncio Maria Isabel , Diamantino Catarina , Carvalho Edgar , Russo Dulce , Marques Rosa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA passive remediation system was installed between 2010 and 2015 at the Lousal legacy mine site in southwestern Portugal to minimize the impact of AMD. This is the first study of the geochemical behaviour of rare earth elements (REE) in the area after implementation of the passive treatment system. The total and dissolved concentrations of REE is similar throughout the basins/wetlands and acidic ponds in both sampling campaigns, which is mainly attributed to the conservative behaviour of these elements in acidic water. In areas where mixing of acidic and circumneutral water occurs, the REE were partially removed from solution by adsorption onto newly formed Al and Fe precipitates. Sorption onto the precipitates varies between the rare earths, with a preferential fixation of heavy REE (HREE) compared to the light REE (LREE). The normalized distribution patterns exhibit the characteristic convex-up enrichment in middle rare earth elements for AMD and display an enrichment of LREE relative to HREE in areas where mixing of waters occurs, and the pH is close to circumneutral.
Sam68 is a druggable vulnerability point in cancer stem cells
Authors: da Silva Amanda Mendes , Yevdokimova Veronika , Benoit Yannick D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSam68 (Src associated in mitosis of 68 kDa) is an RNA-binding and multifunctional protein extensively characterized in numerous cellular functions, such as RNA processing, cell cycle regulation, kinase- and growth factor signaling. Recent investigations highlighted Sam68 as a primary target of a class of reverse-turn peptidomimetic drugs, initially developed as inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin mediated transcription. Further investigations on such compounds revealed their capacity to selectively eliminate cancer stem cell (CSC) activity upon engaging Sam68. This work highlighted previously unappreciated roles for Sam68 in the maintenance of neoplastic self-renewal and tumor-initiating functions. Here, we discuss the implication of Sam68 in tumorigenesis, where central findings support its contribution to chromatin regulation processes essential to CSCs. We also review advances in CSC-targeting drug discovery aiming to modulate Sam68 cellular distribution and protein-protein interactions. Ultimately, Sam68 constitutes a vulnerability point of CSCs and an attractive therapeutic target to impede neoplastic stemness in human tumors.
Inter-generational comparison of quantum annealers in solving hard scheduling problems
Authors: Pokharel Bibek , Izquierdo Zoe Gonzalez , Lott P. Aaron , Strbac Elena , Osiewalski Krzysztof , Papathanasiou Emmanuel , Kondratyev Alexei , Venturelli Davide , Rieffel Eleanor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe compare the performance of four quantum annealers, the D-Wave Two, 2X, 2000Q, and Advantage in solving an identical ensemble of a parametrized family of scheduling problems. These problems are NP-complete and, in fact, equivalent to vertex coloring problems. They are also practically motivated and closely connected to planning problems from artificial intelligence. We examine factors contributing to the performance differences while separating the contributions from hardware upgrades, support for shorter anneal times, and possible optimization of ferromagnetic couplings. While shorter anneal times can improve the time to solution (TTS) at any given problem size, the scaling of TTS with respect to the problem size worsens for shorter anneal times. In contrast, optimizing the ferromagnetic coupling improves both the absolute TTS and the scaling. There is a statistically significant improvement in performance between D-Wave Two and 2X and from all older generation annealers to Advantage, even when operated under identical anneal time and ferromagnetic couplings. However, the performance improvement from 2X to 2000Q requires the anneal time and ferromagnetic couplings to be optimized. Overall, owing to these inter-generational hardware improvements and optimizations, the scaling exponent reduces from $$1.01 \pm 0.01$$

1.01
±
0.01

on Two to $$0.259 \pm 0.008$$

0.259
±
0.008

on Advantage.
Dehydrated citrus pulp in rabbit feeding
Authors: Varela Juliana A. Rubio , Diaz-Vargas Mayra , Duque-Ramírez Carlos Felipe , Sierra Lina Maria Peñuela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dehydrated orange by-product on the productive parameters, carcass yield, and meat quality of rabbits in the fattening stage. Four diets with increasing levels of orange by-products (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) were evaluated, each with six replicates of two 32-day-old crossbred rabbits that were randomly allocated. The experimental period was from 32 to 70 days of age of the rabbits. A higher weight gain (p < 0.05) was achieved for observed with 20% substitution, along with a better feed conversion, without any effects on carcass yield and meat quality parameters. The treatment with 30% citrus pulp showed no differences (p > 0.05) in the parameters evaluated. Based on our results, dehydrated orange by-product can replace up to 30% of the commercial feed concentrate without affecting performance, yield, and carcass quality in rabbits feeding since 32 to 72 days of age.
Source-Free Domain Adaptation via Target Prediction Distribution Searching
Authors: Tang Song , Chang An , Zhang Fabian , Zhu Xiatian , Ye Mao , Zhang Changshui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExisting Source-Free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) methods typically adopt the feature distribution alignment paradigm via mining auxiliary information (eg., pseudo-labelling, source domain data generation). However, they are largely limited due to that the auxiliary information is usually error-prone whilst lacking effective error-mitigation mechanisms. To overcome this fundamental limitation, in this paper we propose a novel Target Prediction Distribution Searching (TPDS) paradigm. Theoretically, we prove that in case of sufficient small distribution shift, the domain transfer error could be well bounded. To satisfy this condition, we introduce a flow of proxy distributions that facilitates the bridging of typically large distribution shift from the source domain to the target domain. This results in a progressive searching on the geodesic path where adjacent proxy distributions are regularized to have small shift so that the overall errors can be minimized. To account for the sequential correlation between proxy distributions, we develop a new pairwise alignment with category consistency algorithm for minimizing the adaptation errors. Specifically, a manifold geometry guided cross-distribution neighbour search is designed to detect the data pairs supporting the Wasserstein distance based shift measurement. Mutual information maximization is then adopted over these pairs for shift regularization. Extensive experiments on five challenging SFDA benchmarks show that our TPDS achieves new state-of-the-art performance. The code and datasets are available at https://github.com/tntek/TPDS.
Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who is the oldest man of them all? Perhaps the sleepy one!
Authors: Bukhari Shervin , Thompson Mark , Meth Elisa M. S. , Benedict Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of acute sleep deprivation on the perceived age appearance of individuals, with a particular focus on subjective sleepiness. The study involved 380 anonymous raters who participated in an online survey. The raters were shown photographs of a Caucasian man, aged 48.2 years, and were asked to estimate his age. The results demonstrated that after 42.6 h of continuous wakefulness, his estimated age was 2.9 years older than his actual age (p < 0.001). Additionally, the study revealed that the sleepier a rater felt during the survey, the older they perceived the man to be (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that sleep loss may impact upon how old someone is perceived to be, and that sleepiness may affect how raters estimate the age of others. However, it is important to replicate these findings in diverse populations, including women, individuals from different ethnic backgrounds, and individuals of various age groups who experience sleep loss.
Bioregionalization of Albania: Mismatch between the flora and the climate suggests that our models of Southern European bioregions are in need of a revision
Authors: Malatesta Luca , De Sanctis Michele , Ammann Emile , Attorre Fabio , Buffi Francesca , Cambria Vito Emanuele , Fratarcangeli Carlo , Hoda Petrit , Mahmutaj Ermelinda , Meco Marjol , Mullaj Alfred , Shuka Lulëzim , Fanelli Giuliano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe analysed the floristic subdivisions of Albania by hierarchical clustering of all the vascular plant species of Albania over a grid of 25 km cells, adapting data from the Vascular Species Distribution Atlas in Albania of ( Barina Z (ed.) (2017) Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Albania. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest). We identified the principal axes of variation of the flora and the bioclimatic variables that explain it. We also analysed the bioclimate of Albania by means of a self-organizing map (SOM) of the main climatic variables and the application of the global bioclimatic model of Rivas-Martínez. We compared the analysis based on the flora with that based on the bioclimate. The results divided Albania into eight floristic units corresponding to the main vegetation types (Carpinus orientalis woodlands, Quercus cerris woodlands, Quercus petraea and Fagus sylvatica woodlands, Quercus coccifera woodlands, Quercus coccifera and Quercus ithaburensis woodlands, Pinus heldreichii woodlands, alpine vegetation of North Albania, and alpine vegetation of eastern Albania). Two main trends of variation can be recognized: four elevational belts, strongly correlated with average July temperature, and a north–south subdivision, weakly correlated with annual rainfall and thermal excursion. The bioclimatic analysis (SOM and Rivas-Martínez model) resolves and adds detail to the axis of the elevational belts but cannot discern the north–south subdivision apart from the high mountains. We obtained a division into eight floristic units ordered according to two gradients: four elevational belts, each in turn subdivided into a north-central and a southern province. These two gradients seem to have a broader meaning in Southern Europe, particularly the north–south subdivision at about 30° latitude. The partial mismatch between the bioclimate and the flora indicates that bioclimatic models of Europe are in need of a revision and suggests that the history, in addition to the present-day climate (for instance, the vegetation of the last glacial maximum), can play a role in shaping the biogeography of Southern Europe.
A 4pL item response theory examination of perceived stigma in the screening of eating disorders with the SCOFF among college students
Authors: Barnard-Brak Lucy , Yang Zhanxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examined the psychometric properties of the SCOFF, a screening instrument for eating disorders, with consideration of the perceived stigma of items that can produce socially desirable responding among a sample of college students. The results of the current study suggest evidence of the sufficient psychometric properties of the SCOFF in terms of confirmatory factor and item response theory analyses. However, two items of the SCOFF revealed that individuals who otherwise endorsed other items of the SCOFF were less likely to endorse the items of Fat and Food. It is hypothesized that this is the result of perceived stigma regarding those two items that prompts individuals to respond in a socially desirable way. A weighted scoring procedure was developed to counteract the performance of these two items, but the psychometric performance was only slightly better and there would be a clear tradeoff of specificity over sensitivity if utilized. Future research should consider other ways to counteract such perceived stigma.Level of evidence Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Conifer Defences against Pathogens and Pests — Mechanisms, Breeding, and Management
Authors: Mageroy Melissa H. , Nagy Nina E. , Steffenrem Arne , Krokene Paal , Hietala Ari M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewForestry in northern temperate and boreal regions relies heavily on conifers. Rapid climate change and associated increases in adverse growing conditions predispose conifers to pathogens and pests. The much longer generation time and presumably, therefore, lower adaptive capacity of conifers relative to their native or non-native biotic stressors may have devastating consequences. We provide an updated overview of conifer defences underlying pathogen and pest resistance and discuss how defence traits can be used in tree breeding and forest management to improve resistance.Recent FindingsBreeding of more resilient and stress-resistant trees will benefit from new genomic tools, such as genotyping arrays with increased genomic coverage, which will aid in genomic and relationship-based selection strategies. However, to successfully increase the resilience of conifer forests, improved genetic materials from breeding programs must be combined with more flexible and site-specific adaptive forest management.SummarySuccessful breeding programs to improve conifer resistance to pathogens and pests provide hope as well as valuable lessons: with a coordinated and sustained effort, increased resistance can be achieved. However, mechanisms underlying resistance against one stressor, even if involving many genes, may not provide any protection against other sympatric stressors. To maintain the adaptive capacity of conifer forests, it is important to keep high genetic diversity in the tree breeding programs. Choosing forest management options that include diversification of tree-species and forest structure and are coupled with the use of genetically improved plants and assisted migration is a proactive measure to increase forest resistance and resilience to foreseen and unanticipated biotic stressors in a changing climate.
Research on the evolution and height prediction of WCFZ in shallow close coal seams mining
Authors: Cao Jian , Su Haitao , Wang Chao , Li Jianwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on the mining conditions of shallow close coal seams in the Jurassic coalfield of northern Shaanxi, in order to explore the evolution and development height prediction of water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ), combining with measured statistical analysis, physical simulation, numerical calculation, and theoretical analysis, the evolution of mining-induced fractures and the development characteristics of WCFZ are analyzed, and the development height predicting method of WCFZ in shallow close coal seams mining is proposed. The results show that in shallow single coal seam mining, during the stage of incritical mining, the height of the WCFZ increases in a “jumping” pattern with the main roof periodic caving. After critical mining, it is basically stable. Its development height is positively correlated with the mining height. The ratio of development height to mining height is generally 20–30, and the change is not significant with the mining height, overall, the distribution of the WCFZ is “saddle shaped”. Based on close distance coal seams repeated mining, the primary fractures act as activation development when the interburden broken completely, the development of WCFZ at the mining boundary is significantly intensified, and ratio of the height to mining height in repeated mining is obviously lower than that in single seam mining, which is generally 18–25. The traditional empirical formula cannot be applied to the development prediction in shallow close coal seams mining, with an error of 10–50%. Considering the mining height, interburden thickness, and roof caving characteristics, the development height predicting method of WCFZ in shallow close coal seams mining is proposed. Compared with measured results, the calculation error is basically within 15%, which has good prediction accuracy, The research results can provide a theoretical basis for predicting the height of WCFZ in shallow close coal seams mining in the Jurassic coalfield of northern Shaanxi.
The impact of two bacterial species and five aqueous plant extracts on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and surof (Echinochloa crus-galli L.)
Authors: Ebrahimpour Musa , Kasraie Pourang , Larijani Hamid Reza , Tohidi-Moghadam Hamid Reza , Honarmand-Jahromy Sahar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChemical exudates from some plants to the environment have been reported as causative agents of adverse effect on growth of neighboring plants and thus affecting normal growth in their natural environment. The mode of action of Chemical exudates on plants is involves a large number of biochemical reactions. This research aimed to investigate the effect of foliar application of different levels of two bacterial species and five aqueous plant extracts on the yield and yield components of Oryza sativa L. and Echinochloa crus-galli L. This research was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three factors with three replications during the 2017–2018 crop year. The main factor included aqueous extracts of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica), Nettle (Urtica dioica), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), and Streptomyces sp-albos containing thaxtomin, Xanthomonas campestris, and control (without aqueous plant extracts and surfactant). The sub-factor includes foliar application treatment with different levels of zero (control), 5, 10, and 15% of extracts, and the third experimental factor included Oryza sativa L. and E. crus-galli L. The results indicated the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield, biological yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and grain protein content decreased, and the grain starch content increased with increasing the extract concentration; the highest effect was obtained at 15% of extracts. The lowest value of leaf area index (3.13) were found in higher concentration of X. campestris followed by Elderberry extract (5%, 10% and 15%) and Nettle (10%) extracts. It was also found that using extract reduced yield characteristics and components of Oryza sativa L., E. crus-galli L., and Elderberry extract showed the highest negative effect. According to the results, Oryza sativa L. had higher plant height, LAI, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll, grain protein content, and grain starch content than E. crus-galli L. In all extractions, control treatment had the highest number of panicles plant−1 in both plants (rice and E. crus-galli L., 260.1 and 117.1 mg g−1 FW). The results suggested that various extracts, especially Nettle, and 15% of Elderberry can control E. crus-galli L. at the germination stage under field conditions.
WEAK INDESTRUCTIBILITY AND REFLECTION
Authors: HOLLAND JAMES 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe establish an equiconsistency between (1) weak indestructibility for all
$\kappa +2$
-degrees of strength for cardinals
$\kappa $
in the presence of a proper class of strong cardinals, and (2) a proper class of cardinals that are strong reflecting strongs. We in fact get weak indestructibility for degrees of strength far beyond
$\kappa +2$
, well beyond the next inaccessible limit of measurables (of the ground model). One direction is proven using forcing and the other using core model techniques from inner model theory. Additionally, connections between weak indestructibility and the reflection properties associated with Woodin cardinals are discussed. This work is a part of my upcoming thesis [7].
An Emerging Dilemma for Reciprocal Causation
Authors: Hazelwood Caleb 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmong advocates and critics of the “extended evolutionary synthesis” (EES), “reciprocal causation” refers to the view that adaptive evolution is a bidirectional phenomenon, whereby organisms and environments impinge on each other through processes of niche construction and natural selection. I argue that reciprocal causation is incompatible with the view that natural selection is a metaphysically emergent causal process. The emergent character of selection places reciprocal causation on the horns of dilemma, and neither horn can rescue it. I conclude that proponents of the EES must abandon the claim that the process of natural selection features in cycles of reciprocal causation.
Transdisciplinary Philosophy of Science: Meeting the Challenge of Indigenous Expertise
Authors: Ludwig David , El-Hani Charbel N. , Gatti Fabio , Kendig Catherine , Kramm Matthias , Neco Lucia , Delgado Abigail Nieves , Poliseli Luana , Renck Vitor , Ressiore C. Adriana , Galindo Luis Reyes , Rickard Thomas Lloyd , De La Rosa Gabriela , Turska Julia J. , Vergara-Silva Francisco , Wilson Robert A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransdisciplinary research knits together knowledge from diverse epistemic communities in addressing social-environmental challenges, such as biodiversity loss, climate crises, food insecurity, and public health. This article reflects on the roles of philosophy of science in transdisciplinary research while focusing on Indigenous and other subjugated forms of knowledge. We offer a critical assessment of demarcationist approaches in philosophy of science and outline a constructive alternative of transdisciplinary philosophy of science. While a focus on demarcation obscures the complex relations between epistemic communities, transdisciplinary philosophy of science provides resources for meeting epistemic and political challenges of collaborative knowledge production.