bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random forest can accurately predict the technique failure of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis patients
Authors: Zang Zhiyun , Xu Qijiang , Zhou Xueli , Ma Niya , Pu Li , Tang Yi , Li Zi 
Published: January 2024

InstructionsPeritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP) is a major cause of technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The purpose of this study is to construct risk prediction models by multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms and select the best one to predict technique failure in PDAP patients accurately.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included maintenance PD patients in our center from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021. The risk prediction models for technique failure were constructed based on five ML algorithms: random forest (RF), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), decision tree, k nearest neighbor (KNN), and logistic regression (LR). The internal validation was conducted in the test cohort.ResultsFive hundred and eight episodes of peritonitis were included in this study. The technique failure accounted for 26.38%, and the mortality rate was 4.53%. There were resignificant statistical differences between technique failure group and technique survival group in multiple baseline characteristics. The RF prediction model is the best able to predict the technique failure in PDAP patients, with the accuracy of 93.70% and area under curve (AUC) of 0.916. The sensitivity and specificity of this model was 96.67 and 86.49%, respectively.ConclusionRF prediction model could accurately predict the technique failure of PDAP patients, which demonstrated excellent predictive performance and may assist in clinical decision making.
Change of glucometabolic activity per PSMA expression predicts survival in mCRPC patients non-responding to PSMA radioligand therapy: introducing a novel dual imaging biomarker
Authors: Burgard Caroline , Engler Jakob , Blickle Arne , Bartholomä Mark , Maus Stephan , Schaefer-Schuler Andrea , Khreish Fadi , Ezziddin Samer , Rosar Florian 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe value of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT in monitoring prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify appropriate prognostic dynamic parameters derived from baseline and follow-up [18F]FDG and dual [18F]FDG/[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for monitoring early non-responding mCRPC patients undergoing PSMA-RLT.MethodsTwenty-three mCRPC patients of a prospective registry (NCT04833517), who were treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT and classified as early non-responders were included in this study. All patients received dual PET/CT imaging with [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 at baseline and after median two cycles of RLT. We tested potential biomarkers representing the “change of glucometabolic activity (cGA)” and “change of glucometabolic activity in relation to PSMA expression (cGAP)” composed of established parameters on [18F]FDG PET/CT as SUVmax, cumulative SUV of five lesions (SUV5), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and its corresponding parameters on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, respectively, for association with overall survival (OS).ResultsKaplan–Meier analyses showed no significant association with OS for each tested cGA (cGASUVmaxp = 0.904, cGASUV5, p = 0.747 cGAMTVp = 0.682 and cGATLGp = 0.700), likewise the dual imaging biomarkers cGAPSUVmax (p = 0.136), cGAPSUV5 (p = 0.097), and cGAPTV (p = 0.113) failed significance. In contrast, cGAPTL, which is based on TLG and total lesion PSMA (TLP) showed a significant association with OS (p = 0.004). Low cGAPTL (cut-off 0.7) was associated with significant longer survival (17.6 vs. 12.9 months).ConclusionThe novel biomarker cGAPTL, which represents the temporal change of whole-body TLG normalized by TLP, predicts overall survival in the challenging cohort of patients non-responding to PSMA-RLT.
Identifying distinctive brain regions related to consumer choice behaviors on branded foods using activation likelihood estimation and machine learning
Authors: Watanuki Shinya 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionBrand equity plays a crucial role in a brand’s commercial success; however, research on the brain regions associated with brand equity has had mixed results. This study aimed to investigate key brain regions associated with the decision-making of branded and unbranded foods using quantitative neuroimaging meta-analysis and machine learning.MethodsQuantitative neuroimaging meta-analysis was performed using the activation likelihood method. Activation of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) overlapped between branded and unbranded foods. The lingual and parahippocampal gyri (PHG) were activated in the case of branded foods, whereas no brain regions were characteristically activated in response to unbranded foods. We proposed a novel predictive method based on the reported foci data, referencing the multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) results. This approach is referred to as the multi-coordinate pattern analysis (MCPA). We conducted the MCPA, adopting the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) to detect unique brain regions associated with branded and unbranded foods based on coordinate data. The sPLS-DA is an extended PLS method that enables the processing of categorical data as outcome variables.ResultsWe found that the lingual gyrus is a distinct brain region in branded foods. Thus, the VMPFC might be a core brain region in food categories in consumer behavior, regardless of whether they are branded foods. Moreover, the connection between the PHG and lingual gyrus might be a unique neural mechanism in branded foods.DiscussionAs this mechanism engages in imaging the feature-self based on emotionally subjective contextual associative memories, brand managers should create future-oriented relevancies between brands and consumers to build valuable brands.
Performance of biomarkers NF-L, NSE, Tau and GFAP in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in rat for the detection of nervous system injury
Authors: Vlasakova Katerina , Tsuchiya Takayuki , Garfinkel Ivy N. , Ruth Michael P. , Tyszkiewicz Cheryl , Detwiler Theodore J. , Somps Christopher J. , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Glaab Warren E. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTarget organ toxicity is often a reason for attritions in nonclinical and clinical drug development. Leveraging emerging safety biomarkers in nonclinical studies provides an opportunity to monitor such toxicities early and efficiently, potentially translating to early clinical trials. As a part of the European Union’s Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), two projects have focused on evaluating safety biomarkers of nervous system (NS) toxicity: Translational Safety Biomarker Pipeline (TransBioLine) and Neurotoxicity De-Risking in Preclinical Drug Discovery (NeuroDeRisk).MethodsPerformance of fluid-based NS injury biomarker candidates neurofilament light chain (NF-L), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and total Tau in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in 15 rat in vivo studies. Model nervous system toxicants as well as other compounds were used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity. Histopathologic assessments of nervous tissues and behavioral observations were conducted to detect and characterize NS injuries. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the relative performance of the biomarkers in their ability to detect NS injury.ResultsNF-L was the best performer in detecting both peripheral nervous system (PNS) and CNS injury in plasma, (AUC of 0.97–0.99; respectively). In CSF, Tau correlated the best with CNS (AUC 0.97), but not PNS injury. NSE and GFAP were suitable for monitoring CNS injury, but with lesser sensitivity. In summary, NF-L is a sensitive and specific biomarker in rats for detecting compound-induced central and peripheral NS injuries. While NF-L measurement alone cannot inform the site of the injury, addition of biomarkers like Tau and NSE and analysis in both blood and CSF can provide additional information about the origin of the NS injury.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the utility of emerging safety biomarkers of drug-induced NS injury in rats and provide additional supporting evidence for biomarker translation across species and potential use in clinical settings to monitor drug-induced NS injury in patients.
Nutrition knowledge, weight loss practices, and supplement use in senior competition climbers
Authors: Gibson-Smith Edward , Storey Ryan , Michael Marisa , Ranchordas Mayur 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionSport climbing has gained increased scientific attention, including studies investigating the dietary habits and nutritional requirements of climbers; however, significant gaps in the literature remain. An assessment of nutritional knowledge, weight loss for competition, and supplement use has not been previously reported in senior competition climbing athletes.MethodsFifty climbers (26 male, 24 female; BMI 21.6 ± 1.9; 23.7 ± 5.2 years) participated in the study. Participants answered a 72-item questionnaire, comprised of demographic data and three main sections to assess general and sports nutrition knowledge, weight loss strategies, and supplement use.ResultsThe mean nutrition knowledge score was ‘average’, with considerable individual variation (53.5 ± 11.1 %). There were no significant sex differences in the general (GNK) or sport (SNK) nutrition knowledge scores, or effect of age. Significantly higher knowledge was demonstrated by national vs. international athletes for the GNK scores (11.09 ± 1.58 vs. 9.58 ± 1.75; p = 0.028). Participants scored well in questions concerning protein, carbohydrates, alcohol, and supplements, and conversely, performed poorly in hydration and micronutrient related questions. Less than one-fifth of respondents had access to a dietitian. Forty-six percent of males and 38% of female climbers reported intentional weight loss for competition on at least one occasion. Of those, ~76% reported utilizing concerning practices, including methods that conform with disordered eating and/or eating disorders, dehydration, vomiting, and misuse of laxatives. Approximately 65% of athletes reported using at least one nutritional supplement in the previous 6 months, with 44% reporting multiple supplement use. There was no significant difference in supplement use between sexes or competition level.DiscussionDue to the established importance of nutritional intake on athlete health and performance, educational support should be employed to improve knowledge in climbers and address shortcomings. Moreover, intentional weight loss for climbing competition is common, with most athletes achieving ~3–8% body weight loss over ≥2 weeks. It is crucial that professionals working with competitive climbers are vigilant in identifying athletes at risk of concerning weight management and establish referral pathways to the appropriate specialist services. High quality intervention trials to assess the efficacy of ergogenic aids in climbing remains inadequate.
The effects of intermittent fasting for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review
Authors: Lin Xiaoxiao , Wang Shuai , Gao Yue 
Published: January 2024

Some studies have investigated the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review to analyze and summarize all clinical studies concerning the effects of IF on patients with MS. We conducted an exhaustive review of information available in the Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases up until 1 September 2023. All clinical research relating to the impacts of IF for patients with MS were included. In total, this systematic review encompassed 5 studies, which included four RCTs and one pilot study. Each study involved was assessed of high quality. The results from these studies demonstrate that IF protocols could potentially serve as an effective dietary strategy for managing symptoms and improving the quality of life in individuals afflicted with MS. In conclusion, IF might be a potential beneficial dietary intervention for MS. However, the number of trials in this field is relatively limited. The large-scale clinical trials to investigate the effects of IF for MS are urgently needed, which may be helpful to manage this intricate neuroimmune disorder.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY2023100021.
Using coupons to encourage healthier child snack purchases in corner stores: results from the CHOMPS study
Authors: Mayer Megan E. , McAlister Anna R. , Economos Christina D. , Mack Suzanne , Plank Kaela , Cash Sean B. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo examine youths’ (ages 6–15 years) autonomous snack purchases in corner stores and pilot use of coupons to encourage more healthful snack purchases.MethodsThis pilot study involved four corner stores proximal to K-8 schools in Massachusetts. Kids-only coupons of varying discounts were provided in store and paired with simple visual and verbal economic and health messages. Observational data about youths’ autonomous snack purchases was recorded pre- and post-intervention. Outcomes of interest were snack item, price, and nutrient content. Comparisons of purchase characteristics and nutritional content across intervention conditions were made using Chi-squared and t-tests.ResultsAcross all stores, 2,973 purchase observations were recorded totaling approximately $6,000. Researchers estimated that about 55% of shoppers were 10–12 years old. Modest coupon usage (2.2% of purchases) was noted. However, candy purchases decreased, and the percentage of purchase events that included at least one healthier food item more than doubled, regardless of coupon use. Improvements in the nutritional content of snacks were also observed.ConclusionKids-only coupons have the potential to assist with shifting autonomous snack purchase behavior in outside of school settings.
Clinical application of spectral CT perfusion scanning in evaluating the blood supply source of portal vein tumor thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pan Chunhan , Dai Feng , Sheng Liuli , Li Kang , Qiao Wei , Kang Zheng , Zhang Xiuming 
Published: January 2024

PurposeTo evaluate the characteristic of blood supply of liver portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) using perfusion indexes and spectral parameters.MethodsBetween July 2020 and December 2022, the study enrolled 25 liver cancer patients completed with PVTT (male=20, female=5; age 41-74 years (59.48 ± 9.12)) from the Interventional Department of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. There were 11 cases of type III PVTT, 12 of type II PVTT, and 2 of type I PVTT (Cheng’s classification). All patients underwent spectral perfusion scans through dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography. The PVTTs were divided into proximal and distal groups based on the distance between the tumor thrombus and the main portal vein. The perfusion analysis was performed on the 120-kVp conventional images to generate hepatic perfusion index (HPI). The spectral based images (SBIs) during the artery and venous peak phases were extracted from the perfusion data. The iodine map and 40&amp;100-keV virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) were generated from SBI data. HPI, iodine concentration (IC), CT value at 40 and 100-keV, and spectral slope (40-100keV) of the primary lesion, proximal and distal PVTT, and liver parenchyma were measured and compared. The correlation between the primary lesion and proximal and distal PVTT was analyzed.ResultsThe IC and spectral slope during the arterial and venous peak phases and HPI of the primary lesion, proximal PVTT, and distal PVTT were highly correlated (P&lt;0.001). The differences between the IC and spectral slope during the arterial and venous peak phases and HPI of the primary lesion, proximal PVTT were statistically significant (P&lt;0.001). The differences between the IC during venous peak phase and HPI of primary lesion, distal PVTT were statistically significant (P&lt;0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference in arterial phase IC, arterial and venous phase spectral slopes.ConclusionThe IC, slope, and HPI of the distal and proximal PVTT were highly correlated with the primary lesion, indicating that PVTT was similar to the primary lesion in the liver that they were both mainly supplied by the hepatic artery. However, there was still significant heterogeneity between the proximal PVTT and the primary lesion, while the difference in the distal PVTT was relatively small.
The impact of parental overprotection on the emotions and behaviors of pediatric hematologic cancer patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Yahui , Zheng Xiaofeng , Xu Wenjing , Huang Yuru , Wang Xulu , Hong Wanting , Wang Runping , Ye Xiaojing , Zhang Chunmei 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundParental overprotection may have an impact on children’s emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs). As pediatric hematologic cancer patients have compromised immune systems, parents of such children often worry excessively, interfering with their daily lives. Therefore, avoiding overprotection is crucial for the overall physical and mental health of pediatric hematologic cancer patients.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the current status of EBPs in pediatric hematologic cancer patients and analyze their associated risk factors.DesignThis work was a multicenter cross-sectional observational and correlational study. We collected data anonymously through parental questionnaires from three pediatric hematologic oncology hospitals in China. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Parental Overprotection Measure (POM) scale, and a general information survey designed by the research team were employed to assess children’s EBPs, the degree of parental overprotection, as well as basic demographic and disease-related information. Chi-square tests and generalized linear mixed-effects regression analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing EBPs among the pediatric hematologic cancer patients.Setting and participantsUsing a convenience sampling method, a total of 202 participants’ parents were selected. All participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through one-on-one guidance.ResultsEmotional symptoms accounted for the highest proportion of abnormal EBPs in children (27.72%), followed by peer problems (26.24%), prosocial behavior (25.74%), behavioral problems (14.36%), and total difficulties (13.86%). A minority of children had abnormal hyperactivity scores (4.95%). The results of a generalized linear mixed regression analysis showed that age, duration of illness, and parental overprotection were significant factors influencing abnormal EBPs in children (p &lt; 0.05). A POM score threshold of 37 exhibited good sensitivity (74%) and specificity (90%) in predicting abnormal EBPs in children.ConclusionPediatric hematologic cancer patients under excessive parental protection are more prone to experiencing EBPs. Healthcare professionals should guide parents to reduce this excessive protection, thus mitigating the occurrence of EBPs in children.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the health behavior motivation scale: a translation and validation study
Authors: Ge Yuanhui , Zheng Chen , Wang Xin , Liu Tao 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study’s objectives were to translate the Health Behavior Motivation Scale (HBMS) into Chinese and verify the scale’s validity and reliability among Chinese healthy adults.MethodThe HBMS scales were translated into Chinese based on Brislin’s principles. The Chinese version of HBMS is created through translation, back translation, and cross-cultural adaptation. This investigation implemented the convenience sampling method to conduct a survey on 781 healthy respondents, utilizing the Chinese version of the HBMS and a general demographic questionnaire. We used AMOS (v28.0) and SPSS (v26.0) for statistical analysis. We employed test–retest reliability, split-half reliability, and internal consistency to assess the reliability of the translation questionnaire. Structure validity and content validity were used to assess validity.ResultsThe Chinese version of the Health Behavior Motivation Scale (HBMS) had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.885, and the range of Cronbach’s alpha values for each dimension was 0.820–0.885. The scale’s test–retest reliability was 0.824, and its split-half reliability was 0.906. Five public factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 56.527% were retrieved from the exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, the factor loading value for each item exceeded 0.4.In confirmatory factor analysis, the indicators were reported as follows: χ2/df = 1.567, GFI = 0.900, CFI = 0.952, IFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.946, AGFI = 0.881, PGFI = 0.757, PNFI = 0.789, RMSEA = 0.039, and the results of the model fit metrics were within the reference range.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the HBMS exhibits strong discrimination, validity, and reliability. The tool effectively identifies the motivation of healthy people to engage in healthy behaviors. It can be used by healthcare practitioners to assist in the development of follow-up interventions to reduce the prevalence of chronic disease in older people and the incidence of chronic disease in populations of young and middle-aged people.
Relationship between bedtime, nighttime sleep duration, and anxiety symptoms in preschoolers in China
Authors: Qiu Shuang-Yan , Yin Xiao-Na , Yang Yanni , Li Ting , Lu Dali , Li Jie-Min , Yang Wei-Kang , Wen Guo-Ming , Zhang Jing-Yu , Zhang Yan , Lei Hai-Yan , Wang Xin , Wu Jian-Bo 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundSleep problems in preschoolers are becoming increasingly prominent, and the association between sleep status and anxiety symptoms has attracted growing attention. However, studies investigating the relationship between bedtime and nighttime sleep duration in preschoolers and their anxiety symptoms remain scant. We used the large sample data from the Longhua Cohort Study of Children in Shenzhen, China (LCCS) to analyze the association between bedtime and sleep in preschoolers and their anxiety symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 69,138 preschoolers in Longhua District, Shenzhen, China was conducted in 2022. Data on sociodemographic characteristics of families, bedtime, nighttime sleep duration of preschoolers, and their anxiety symptoms (measured by the Spence Preschool Children Anxiety Scale) were collected through a structured questionnaire completed by the parents. Using binary logistic regression models, the relationship between bedtime, nighttime sleep duration, and childhood anxiety symptoms was examined.ResultsThe bedtimes of preschoolers were concentrated between 21:01–22:00 (52.41%). Among the preschoolers, 38.70% had bedtimes later than 22:00, and 75.49% had insufficient nighttime sleep duration. The positive screening rate for anxiety symptoms among preschoolers was 3.50%. After adjusting for confounding factors using binary logistic regression models, compared with preschoolers with bedtime ≤21:00, The OR (95%CI) values of anxiety in preschoolers with bedtime ≥23:01, 22:01–23:00 and 21:01–22:00 were 2.86 (2.21–3.69), 1.51 (1.27–1.79) and 1.48 (1.26–1.76), respectively. Compared with those with sufficient nighttime sleep duration, the OR (95%CI) of children with nighttime sleep duration less than 9 h was 1.36 (1.23–1.51).ConclusionAn association exists between bedtime and nighttime sleep duration in preschoolers and their anxiety symptoms. Preschoolers with 21:00 for bedtime and a nighttime sleep duration of 10 h may have lower anxiety symptoms. These findings support the importance of adequate sleep for preventing anxiety symptoms in children.