bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationships between the distribution of British ground beetle species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and temperature, precipitation and altitude
Authors: Eyre M. D. , Rushton S. P. , Luff M. L. , Telfer M. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims We examine the relationships between the distribution of British ground beetle species and climatic and altitude variables with a view to developing models for evaluating the impact of climate change.Location Data from 1684 10‐km squares in Britain were used to model species–climate/altitude relationships. A validation data set was composed of data from 326 British 10‐km squares not used in the model data set.Methods The relationships between incidence and climate and altitude variables for 137 ground beetle species were investigated using logistic regression. The models produced were subjected to a validation exercise using the Kappa statistic with a second data set of 30 species. Distribution patterns for four species were predicted for Britain using the regression equations generated.Results As many as 136 ground beetle species showed significant relationships with one or more of the altitude and climatic variables but the amount of variation explained by the models was generally poor. Models explaining 20% or more of the variation in species incidence were generated for only 10 species. Mean summer temperature and mean annual temperature were the best predictors for eight and six of these 10 species respectively. Few models based on altitude, annual precipitation and mean winter temperature were good predictors of ground beetle species distribution. The results of the validation exercise were mixed, with models for four species showing good or moderate fits whilst the remainder were poor.Main conclusions Whilst there were many significant relationships between British ground beetle species distributions and altitude and climatic variables, these variables did not appear to be good predictors of ground beetle species distribution. The poor model performance appears to be related to the coarse nature of the response and predictor data sets and the absence of key predictors from the models.
Continental and regional ranges of North American mammals: Rapoport's rule in real and null worlds
Authors: Arita Héctor T. , Rodríguez Pilar , Vázquez‐Domínguez Ella 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim To assess the relationship between species richness and distribution within regions arranged along a latitudinal gradient we use the North American mammalian fauna as a study case for testing theoretical models.Location North America.Methods We propose a conceptual framework based on a fully stochastic mid‐domain model to explore geographical patterns of range size and species richness that emerge when the size and position of species ranges along a one‐dimensional latitudinal gradient are randomly generated. We also analyse patterns for the mammal fauna of North America by comparing empirical results from a biogeographical data base with predictions based on randomization null models.Results We confirmed the validity of Rapoport's rule for the mammals of North America by documenting gradients in the size of the continental ranges of species. Additionally, we demonstrated gradients of mean regional range size that parallel those of continental range. Our data also demonstrated that mean range size, measured both as a continental or a regional variable, is significantly correlated with the geographical pattern in species richness. All these patterns deviated sharply from null models.Main conclusions Rapoport's statement of an areographic relationship between species distribution and richness is highly relevant in modern discussions about ecological patterns at the geographical scale.
Depositional record of an avulsive fluvial system controlled by peat compaction (Neogene, Most Basin, Czech Republic)
Authors: RAJCHL MICHAL , ULIČNÝ DAVID 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper illustrates the response of a fluvial depositional system to the interplay between peat compaction and clastic sediment supply, at a range of spatial and temporal scales, as documented by extensive exposures in an open‐cast mine in the Most Basin, part of the Oligo‐Miocene Ohře Rift (Eger Graben) basin system in the Czech Republic. The Most Basin is characterized by the occurrence of a number of phenomena resulting from syn‐ and post‐depositional interactions between clastic sedimentary systems and the underlying accumulation of organic material that was the precursor of the main lignite seam of up to 45 m thickness. The studied strata are interpreted as deposits of an avulsive, mixed‐load fluvial system. The large‐scale depositional architecture documents an existence of at least five stratal packages up to 1500 m wide and up to several tens of metres thick, representing a record of long‐term evolution of a clastic floodplain bordered by accumulating peat. Within each of the packages, several small‐scale channel‐belts were documented. Individual packages are separated by carbonaceous mudstones indicating a period of reduced clastic input and interpreted as due to avulsion of the fluvial channels out of the floodplain limit. Two main, mutually linked, processes controlled the evolution of the studied fluvial system: (i) syndepositional compaction of the underlying peat and (ii) avulsions of the channels away from the original floodplain, resulting in formation of a new floodplain. The processes which caused the channels of the Hrabák fluvial system to reach the avulsion threshold were: (i) decrease of rate of creation of accommodation leading to increased sinuosity and thus to a decreased channel slope, and (ii) cross‐floodplain tilting of the channel belt caused by differential compaction of underlying organic‐rich substratum.
The dynamic characteristics and migration of a pyramid dune
Authors: WANG TAO , ZHANG WEIMIN , DONG ZHIBAO , QU JIANJUN , JING ZHEFAN , WANG WANFU , FENG JIANMIN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe results of wind tunnel experiments and field observations show that when the intersection angle between airflow direction and dune crest (ridge) line is > 30°, a reverse vortex is formed. Because of the convergence of sand streams from the windward and lee slopes at the crest, sand accumulates in the crestal region, causing vertical growth. Nevertheless, studies also show that the common asymmetry of the two slopes of a dune may significantly influence the evolution of arms of a pyramid dune. The migration rates of pyramid dunes are mediated by the interplay of their arms moving transversely and the vertical growth in response to the variations in wind regimes. Comparing the effects of airflow transverse to a given arm with longitudinal airflow, it is indicated that the transverse airflow is more significant in controlling the arms of pyramid dunes. The whole body of the studied pyramid dune, particularly the upper quarter section, migrated SE direction during the monitoring period. The patterns of wind erosion and deposition change alternately with seasonal variations in wind directions. The W, NE and SE sides undergo constant erosion, deposition and both erosion and deposition, respectively. The results of long‐term monitoring of a pyramid dune show that southerly winds, resulting from a local circulation, markedly affect the transverse migration of the whole pyramid dune.
Sedimentation in an actively tilting half‐graben: sedimentology and stratigraphy of Late Tournaisian–Viséan (Mississippian, Lower Carboniferous) carbonate rocks in south County Wexford, Ireland
Authors: NAGY ZSOLT R. , SOMERVILLE IAN D. , GREGG JAY M. , BECKER STEPHEN P. , SHELTON KEVIN L. , SLEEMAN ANDREW G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Wexford Basin (south‐eastern Ireland) is a NE–SW‐trending sedimentary basin containing carbonates and evaporites deposited during the Late Tournaisian and Viséan. Two separate depositional areas are defined on the basis of facies and facies associations. Sediments were deposited in inner ramp, lagoonal and peritidal environments near Rosslare, and in a more open‐marine, shallow‐ to moderately deep‐water, mid to outer ramp environment in the western area around Duncormick. Thick breccia deposits that occur in the Wexford Basin formed as a result of (i) fault movement that produced syn‐sedimentary debris flows in the Late? Chadian (Breccia type I); (ii) dissolution of anhydrite/gypsum and subsequent collapse of sedimentary strata (Breccia type II); and (iii) fracturing and brecciation of porous rock caused by the movement of high temperature, late diagenetic fluids along fault planes (Breccia type III). The NE–SW facies polarity displayed by both sedimentary successions was the result of NW–SE extension and the reactivation of the NE–SW‐trending Wexford Boundary Fault during the Chadian. Extension at the SE margin of the basin with downthrow to the NNW gave the basin a half‐graben character. Thickening of the debris flow deposits to the SW suggests that while the half‐graben was being tilted it also underwent a NE–SW block rotation due to an axial component of that normal fault.
Wildfires and seasonal aridity recorded in Late Cretaceous strata from south‐eastern Arizona, USA
Authors: FINKELSTEIN DAVID B. , PRATT LISA M. , CURTIN TARA M. , BRASSELL SIMON C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLithostratigraphic and organic chemostratigraphic studies of fluvial/lacustrine sediments in the Late Cretaceous Fort Crittenden Formation in south‐eastern Arizona USA, reveal changes in palaeoclimate and tectonics as well as associated fluctuations in lake level. The lower Fort Crittenden is dominated by marginal wetland to deep‐water lake deposits, whereas the upper Fort Crittenden is characterized by wetland to deltaic deposits. Abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and reflectance of fusinite substantiate the impact of wildfires within the watershed. Organic geochemical evidence of wildfires is linked with sedimentological indicators of seasonal aridity suggesting that wildfires were common occurrences. Sedimentological evidence for seasonal aridity includes mottles and pseudoslickensides on ped structures within wetland mudstones. Distinct variations in PAH assemblages, characterized by the number of aromatic rings, indicate that there were variations in the intensities of wildfires, assuming no variations in the types of fuel. Fusinite reflectance values are consistent with combustion temperatures from 470 to 550 °C observed in modern wildfires.
RADIUS – rapid particle analysis of digital images by ultra‐high‐resolution scanning of thin sections
Authors: SEELOS KLEMENS , SIROCKO FRANK 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRADIUS is a newly developed particle‐size measurement technique, based on evaluation of digital images of thin sections. Analyses are performed with sub‐millimetre sample resolution and are thus designed to work on a single lamina of laminated sediments. The method covers grain sizes from medium silt to coarse sand. The application contains pattern‐recognition modules that allow the detection of typical particle distributions of loess, organic detritus, turbidites and tephra layers. Cutting and hiding effects of particles on thin sections are corrected by empirical correction matrices. The calculated analysis results are compared with manually counted and measured samples to calibrate the application settings. The method can be applied to all fine‐grained clastic sediments, particularly to laminated lake sediments.
Changes to lake ecosystem structure resulting from fish cage farm emissions
Authors: Håkanson Lars 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study demonstrates how a given lake (Lake S. Bullaren, Sweden) would respond to emissions from a fish cage farm. The main questions to be answered are: How would emissions of feed spill and faeces from a fish farm influence the production and biomass of key functional organisms and how long would such changes remain if the fish farm is closed down? The work is based on a comprehensive lake ecosystem model, LakeWeb, which accounts for production, biomass, predation, abiotic/biotic interactions of nine key functional groups of organisms, phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, two types of zooplankton (herbivorous and predatory), two types of fish (prey and predatory), as well as zoobenthos, macrophytes and benthic algae. The LakeWeb model gives seasonal variations (the calculation time is one week). It has been calibrated and critically tested using empirical data and regressions based on data from many lakes. These tests have demonstrated that the model can capture typical functional and structural patterns in lakes very well, lending credibility to the results presented in this study. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first time that effects from fish cage farm emissions on lake ecosystem structure have been quantified at the ecosystem scale. To carry out studies such as these in the traditional manner, by extensive field work in one or a few lakes, would be very demanding, in terms of costs, personnel and time. This work has demonstrated that fish farm emissions would cause significant increases in the biomass of wild fish, without corresponding increases in algal volume. Thus, it is concluded that the fish farm emissions influence the lake's secondary production more markedly than primary production. Although this finding might seem to be a paradox, it is related to the fact that wild fish directly consume food spill and faeces from the fish farm, thereby creating a specific foodweb pathway, as described in this study.
Mortalities of lesser flamingos in Kenyan Rift Valley saline lakes and the implications for sustainable management of the lakes
Authors: Ndetei Robert , Muhandiki Victor S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLesser flamingo populations in the Kenyan Rift Valley saline lakes respond to changes in phytoplankton species’ composition and densities, behavioural needs, breeding cycles and environmental conditions. The numbers of flamingos are high when the density of blue‐green algaeArthrospira fusiformis(Spirulina platensis) is high, stimulating flamingo courtship and display. The numbers decline when lake levels decline, resulting in low phytoplankton densities and a domination by toxic phytoplankton species. In Kenyan saline Rift Valley lakes, heavy metals, pesticides, algal toxins (microcystin), bacterial infection and malnutrition are plausible causes of lesser flamingo mortalities. The production of cyanotoxins by toxic phytoplankton, as a result of declining lake water levels, could be a major factor contributing to the increased mortality of lesser flamingos. Integrated management of the lakes and their catchments is required to ensure the future well‐being of the lesser flamingos.
A decision‐making framework for ecological impacts associated with the accumulation of cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin and microcystin)
Authors: White Susan H. , Duivenvoorden Leo. J. , Fabbro Larelle D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractToxins produced by cyanoprokaryotes are a key issue in aquatic management because of their potential to exert adverse effects on humans and aquatic biota. The information gap regarding bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes associated with cyanotoxins, however, has resulted in inadequacies in the management and maintenance of biological diversity in lakes and reservoirs affected by toxic cyanoprokaryote blooms. This paper examines the potential for, and effects of, bioaccumulation of two common cyanotoxins, microcystin and cylindrospermopsin, in aquatic organisms. The factors influencing cyanotoxin bioavailability are discussed in the context of the challenges associated with understanding and managing toxin accumulation. Based on the characteristics of cyanotoxin bioavailability, exposure and uptake routes, a theoretical, predictive model for cyanotoxin bioaccumulation is proposed. Key concepts include monitoring changes in toxin availability throughout the progression of a toxic bloom and the prediction of ecological effects based on internal tissue concentrations. The model explores the minimum requirements that managers must undertake in order to properly assess bioaccumulation risk in terms of frequency of toxin testing, toxin fraction determination and assessment of aquatic organisms.
Clinical significance of TT virus infection in children with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kasirga Erhun , Sanlidag Tamer , Akçali Sinem , Keskin Sükran , Aktas Erdinç , Karakoç Zehra , Helvaci Mehmet , Sözen Gülben , Kuzu Müge 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: The pathogenic role of TT virus (TTV) is not clear in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The aims of the present study were to determine the frequency of TTV positivity in serum and saliva samples and the possible role of TTV in children with chronic hepatitis B.
Methods
: Sera and saliva from 29 healthy children and 25 children with chronic hepatitis B were tested for TTV‐DNA by means of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
: Fifty‐two percent (13/25) of the serum samples and 32% (8/25) of the saliva samples were positive for TTV‐DNA in children with chronic hepatitis B. In healthy non‐transfused children, TTV‐DNA was detected in 58% (17/29) of the serum samples and 41% (12/29) of the saliva samples. Six (46%) of 13 children with chronic hepatitis and 10 (59%) of 17 healthy children had TTV‐DNA positivity both in serum and saliva samples. Two serum samples were negative for TTV‐DNA while the saliva samples were positive for TTV‐DNA in chronic hepatitis B and control groups. Mean age, sex, serum alanine aminotransferase levels, hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐DNA values were similar in TTV‐positive and ‐negative children with chronic hepatitis B. However, total histologic activity index (HAI), periportal necrosis and portal inflammation scores were significantly higher in children with HBV‐DNA and TTV‐DNA viremia (P = 0.013, P = 0.008, P = 0.015, respectively).
Conclusions
: Because total HAI, periportal necrosis and portal inflammation scores were higher in children with TTV coinfection, TTV infection may contribute to the progression of liver damage in children with chronic hepatitis B.
Complications of varicella in healthy children in Izmir, Turkey
Authors: Koturoglu Güldane , Kurugöl Zafer , Çetin Nuran , Hizarcioglu Murat , Vardar Fadil , Helvaci Mehmet , Çapar Zafer , Özkinay Ferda , Özkinay Cihangir 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: The purpose of the paper was to evaluate the indications of hospital admissions and complications of varicella infection in immunologically healthy children.
Methods
: Between 1997 and 2001, patient records of children hospitalized due to varicella infection were reviewed. Incidence and clinical spectrum of complications and their distribution related to age and seasonal variations were analyzed.
Results
: A total of 178 immunocompetent children were hospitalized for varicella complications during the study period. This resulted in a crude incidence of 6.3/100 000 population at risk. All hospital admissions were due to accompanying complications. The majority of complications occurred in preschool‐age children with a median age of 3 years. No gender predominance was found. The most frequent complications were infectious complications, which were observed in 79 children (44%). Superinfections of the skin were present in 24 patients. Pneumonia was observed in 59 children: 49 had bacterial, 10 had viral pneumonia. Pyogenic arthritis was seen in two children and one had concomitant osteomyelitis. Group A β‐hemolytic streptococci were recovered from two patients with invasive bacterial infections. A total of 68 (38%) neurologic complications were observed. Cerebellar ataxia was present in 24, encephalitis was present in 17. Infectious complications occurred more frequently in younger children (median age: 2 years), whereas neurologic complications occurred at an older age (median age: 6 years). Hematologic complications were seen in nine children. There was a seasonal distribution of complications with a peak in January.
Conclusion
: Complications of varicella requiring hospitalization in immunocompetent children are more frequent than previously thought.
Detection of adenovirus DNA in clinical samples by SYBR Green real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Kohdera Urara , Kino Minoru , Haruta Tsunekazu , Nukuzuma Syoichi , Suga Tomoko , Akiyoshi Kyoko , Ito Masahiro , Suga Shigeru , Komada Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: Adenoviruses are associated with a variety of diseases including upper respiratory tract infections, acute conjunctivitis, cystitis and gastroenteritis. Adenoviruses can also cause fatal disseminated infections in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Measurement of adenovirus load in clinical samples from localized adenovirus infections or disseminated adenovirus infections may provide important information for analyzing the pathogenesis of various adenovirus infections. The purpose of the present study was to develop and optimize a highly sensitive real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect a wide range of adenoviruses and to detect adenovirus DNA in clinical samples from immunocompetent children.
Methods
: Clinical samples of throat swabs and blood were collected from 111 patients suspected of having adenovirus infection. The copy number of adenovirus DNA was measured by real‐time PCR assay.
Results
: SYBR Green real‐time PCR assay is able to detect 10–106 copies of standard adenovirus DNA per run. Adenovirus DNA was detected in all culture‐positive samples serotyped as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 11. Viral loads on throat swabs from immunocompetent children with adenovirus infection ranged from 105 to 1011 copies/mL. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 60% of blood samples and copy number ranged from 103 to 105 copies/mL.
Conclusion
: SYBR Green real‐time PCR is a useful quantitative tool for analysis of adenovirus DNA. The present results for immunocompetent children with adenovirus infections provided basic data for comparison with data obtained from immunocompromised patients.
Helicobacter pylori infection in children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hayashi Hiroko , Okuda Masumi , Aoyagi Noriyuki , Yoshiyama Megumi , Miyashiro Eikichi , Kounami Shinji , Yoshikawa Norishige 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: Recently a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported in adult patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP). Furthermore, after H. pylori eradication therapy in such patients, their platelet counts have been observed to increase, suggesting that H. pylori may be a causative agent of adult cITP. However, there have been only a few reports of children with cITP. The purpose of the present paper was to examine the association between H. pylori infection and cITP in Japanese children.
Methods
: Helicobacter pylori stool antigens (HpSA) were measured and the prevalence of H. pylori infection was determined in 10 children with cITP.
Results
: Helicobacter pylori infection was found in only two of the subjects. In a boy, the urea breath test (UBT) was also positive and the patient received eradication therapy using amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and lansoprazole for 1 week. The therapy was successful and the patient's platelet count increased. The response was maintained throughout more than 1 year of follow up.
Conclusions
: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in children with cITP is not high. However, the platelet count increased after eradication therapy in a boy with cITP. It is suggested that the eradication of H. pylori infection would be valuable in children, as well as in adults, with cITP.