bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine artery resistance and anxiety in the second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Kent A. , Hughes P. , Ormerod L. , Jones G. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal anxiety and uterine artery resistance index (RI) at 20 weeks of gestation.MethodsUterine artery blood flow was assessed using color Doppler ultrasound and maternal anxiety was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale in 96 healthy primigravid women attending consecutively for their routine 20‐week anomaly scan.ResultsThe mean uterine artery RI was 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.56) and the median HAD anxiety score was 6 (range, 0–20). There was no association between RI and anxiety scores (r = 0.09, P = 0.36). Women scoring as definite cases of anxiety did not have a significantly elevated uterine artery RI or increased frequency of waveform notching compared to women with doubtful or no anxiety.ConclusionsThe data of this study do not suggest a significant association between maternal anxiety and uterine artery RI at 20 weeks of gestation in healthy primigravid women with normally developing pregnancies. A prospective cohort study would be useful to determine the nature of the relationship between maternal anxiety, alteration in uterine artery blood flow and abnormal pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
A new fetal therapy for chylothorax: pleurodesis with OK‐432
Authors: Okawa T. , Takano Y. , Fujimori K. , Yanagida K. , Sato A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case of pleurodesis by intrapleural injection of OK‐432 for the treatment of fetal chylothorax at an early gestational age. OK‐432 injection achieved rapid and effective control of pleural effusion with no adverse effects. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Flecainide in the intrauterine treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Krapp M. , Baschat A. A. , Gembruch U. , Geipel A. , Germer U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of flecainide in the intrauterine treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with 1: 1 atrioventricular conduction.DesignTwenty fetuses (21–35 weeks of gestation) with SVT ranging between 215 and 280 bpm were analyzed retrospectively. Fetuses received flecainide and digoxin as either first, second or third line therapy. Intracardiac blood flow, venous Doppler waveforms and cardiotocograms were evaluated before and after drug induced conversion to sinus rhythm.ResultsAfter initiation of combined flecainide and digoxin therapy, the median time interval until final conversion to sinus rhythm was 5 days (range, 0–14 days). The majority of fetuses (n = 15; 75%) converted to sinus rhythm within 7 days of treatment, whereas the remaining five (25%) showed initial reduction of the heart rate to 160–215 bpm over several days, with restoration of a triphasic venous blood flow pattern before late conversion within 7–14 days after initiation of flecainide treatment. One of these fetuses showed a decrease in fetal heart rate to 160–190 bpm without conversion to sinus rhythm but with resolution of hydrops. All fetuses survived.ConclusionsFlecainide is safe and highly effective in the intrauterine treatment of hydropic fetuses with supraventricular tachycardia. Conversion into sinus rhythm can be expected 72 h after initiation of therapy but may take up to 14 days. Therefore therapy should be continued beyond 72 h, especially when an initial decrease of fetal heart rate is observed which may represent an early therapeutic response. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
Maternal diastolic function in asymptomatic pregnant women with bilateral notching of the uterine artery waveform at 24 weeks' gestation: a pilot study
Authors: Valensise H. , Vasapollo B. , Novelli G. P. , Larciprete G. , Romanini M. E. , Arduini D. , Galante A. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo study second‐trimester maternal cardiac adaptation in asymptomatic patients at risk, on the basis of abnormal uterine artery Doppler, for the development of gestational hypertension or having a small‐for‐gestational age fetus. Fetal and maternal outcomes were verified at the end of pregnancy.MethodsThirty‐six normotensive women with abnormal uterine artery waveforms underwent maternal echocardiographic examination at 24 weeks' gestation.ResultsTwenty‐one women (58.3%) subsequently showed normal outcome; 12 patients developed gestational hypertension (33.3%) and three (8.3%) had small‐for‐gestational age newborns. Left ventricular outflow tract, left ventricular diastolic dimensions and atrial and ventricular function were significantly lower in the pathological outcome group. Diastolic function parameters were significantly different between the two groups: peak mitral E‐wave and A‐wave and A‐wave duration showed lower values in the pathological outcome group. Isovolumetric relaxation time of the left ventricle was significantly longer in the pathological outcome group. The prevalence of an altered geometric pattern was 14.3% (3/21) in the normal and 80% (12/15) in the pathological outcome groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsWomen who subsequently develop a complication of pregnancy tend to display abnormal cardiac adaptation. An abnormal placentation process, expressed by an elevated resistance index and the presence of notches in the uterine artery waveform, are likely to cause an adaptative mechanism involving the whole cardiovascular system. A pathological outcome of pregnancy is associated with the failure of this process. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Screening for trisomy 21 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal age: a multicenter project in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Authors: Gasiorek‐Wiens A. , Tercanli S. , Kozlowski P. , Kossakiewicz A. , Minderer S. , Meyberg H. , Kamin G. , Germer U. , Bielicki M. , Hackelöer B. J. , Sarlay D. , Kuhn P. , Klapp J. , Bahlmann F. , Pruggmayer M. , Schneider K. T. M. , Seefried W. , Fritzer E. , von Kaisenberg C. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.MethodsThis was a multicenter study of screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation. All the sonographers involved in the study had received The Fetal Medicine Foundation Certificate of Competence in the 10–14‐week scan. Fetal nuchal translucency thickness and crown–rump length were measured in 23 805 singleton pregnancies with live fetuses. In each case the risk for trisomy 21 was estimated on the basis of maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for crown–rump length with the use of The Fetal Medicine Foundation's software. The distribution of estimated risk was determined and the sensitivity and false‐positive rate for a risk cut‐off of 1 in 300 was calculated.ResultsFetal nuchal translucency thickness was successfully measured in all 23 805 pregnancies and outcome was available in 21 959. The median maternal age was 33 (range 15–49) years and in 7935 (36.1%) the age was 35 years or greater. The median gestation at screening was 12 (10–14) weeks and the median fetal crown–rump length was 61 (range 38–84) mm. The estimated risk for trisomy 21 based on maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for crown–rump length was 1 in 300 or greater in 13.0% (2800 of 21 475) normal pregnancies, in 87.6% (184 of 210) of those with trisomy 21 and in 87.2% (239 of 274) with other chromosomal defects.ConclusionsIn Germany, Austria and Switzerland the results of screening for chromosomal defects by measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness, in centers with appropriately qualified sonographers and using The Fetal Medicine Foundation's software, are similar to those reported in the UK using the same methodology.Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Normal cardiac flow velocities at 14–16 weeks of gestation measured by transvaginal ultrasound
Authors: Ben‐Ami M. , Peleg D. , Haddad S. , Perlitz Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveDoppler ultrasound has been used to study the flow velocities through the valves and arteries of the fetal heart. Using transvaginal sonography, we sought to determine normal values for flow velocities through the fetal heart valves at 14–16 weeks of gestation.MethodsEighty‐seven normal fetuses were examined. The flow velocity waveforms were visualized using Doppler ultrasound with the sample volume calipers placed just distally to the four fetal valves. Peak E‐ and A‐wave velocities were recorded for the tricuspid and mitral valves and peak systolic flow velocities were recorded for the ascending aorta and pulmonary arteries. Linear regression for comparison of flow velocities with gestational age was performed.ResultsThere was no significant correlation between any of the velocities and gestational age.ConclusionsFlow velocities through the fetal cardiac valves remain unchanged at 14–16 weeks of gestation as measured by transvaginal Doppler sonography. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
Identification of a novel gene, Mblk‐1, that encodes a putative transcription factor expressed preferentially in the large‐type Kenyon cells of the honeybee brain
Authors: Takeuchi Hideaki , Kage Eriko , Sawata Miyuki , Kamikouchi Azusa , Ohashi Kazuaki , Ohara Maya , Fujiyuki Tomoko , Kunieda Takekazu , Sekimizu Kazuhisa , Natori Shunji , Kubo Takeo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMushroom bodies (MBs) are considered to be involved in higher‐order sensory processing in the insect brain. To identify the genes involved in the intrinsic function of the honeybee MBs, we searched for genes preferentially expressed therein, using the differential display method. Here we report a novel gene encoding a putative transcription factor (Mblk‐1) expressed preferentially in one of two types of intrinsic MB neurones, the large‐type Kenyon cells, which makes Mblk‐1 a candidate gene involved in the advanced behaviours of honeybees. A putative DNA binding motif of Mblk‐1 had significant sequence homology with those encoded by genes from various animal species, suggesting that the functions of these proteins in neural cells are conserved among the animal kingdom.
Characterization of genomic DNA encoding cecropins from an Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line
Authors: Sun D. , Fallon A. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe used cDNA probes from Aedes albopictus mosquito cecropins AalCecA, B, and C to obtain genomic DNA copies and flanking DNA. Two gene copies (AalCecA1 and A2, AalCecB1 and B2, AalCecC1 and C2) encoding each of the three mature cecropin peptides were recovered. All these genes had a similar organization, into two exons interrupted by a single short intron. AalCecA1 and AalCecA2 encode mature protein products that differ by one amino acid residue, while AalCecB1 and AalCecB2, AalCecC1 and AalCecC2 encode identical mature cecropin peptides, respectively. The AalCecB and C gene pairs each share a common intergenic region of approximately 1 kb, with the two coding regions transcribed in opposite directions. With the exception of small insertions/deletions, the intergenic spacer region was highly conserved between the B1/C1 and B2/C2 clones. In transfected cells, 0.8 kb of upstream sequence was sufficient for inducible expression of AalCecA1. Within this region, a 28 bp sequence at positions –192 to –165 upstream of the transcription initiation site was found to contain a potential regulatory element. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, synthetic double‐stranded DNA containing this 28 bp sequence retarded protein in cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts from C7‐10 cells.
Geographical patterns of genetic variation in two species ofStylosanthesSw. using amplified fragment length polymorphism
Authors: Sawkins M. C. , Maass B. L. , Pengelly B. C. , Newbury H. J. , Ford‐Lloyd B. V. , Maxted N. , Smith R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUnderstanding the extent and distribution of genetic diversity within a species is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess genetic variation using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) in two species of the tropical legume genusStylosanthesSw. Annual,S. humilis(2n = 20) and perennial,S. viscosa(2n = 20) are found throughout tropical America, and are sympatric for much of their range of distribution. One hundred and eleven accessions, covering a wide geographical range, were selected for AFLP analysis. Binary data matrices derived from DNA banding patterns were analysed using the software programsntsys‐pcandarlequin. Several accessions were found to be misidentified. Of theS. humilisaccessions, the overall average similarity value was (0.72) slightly higher than the value obtained forS. viscosa(0.67). Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis grouped accessions from both species by geographical origin, with a few exceptions. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) inS. humilisrevealed 59.4% of the variation among groups formed from the cluster analysis. This was highly significant (P < 0.001). ForS. viscosaamovaalso revealed more variation among than within groups (66.5%). This was also highly significant (P < 0.001). The majority of accessions of both species conservedex situare of Brazilian and Venezuelan origin. This study has identified areas in Central America and Mexico for which novel genetic variation may be found and where conservation activities should be focused.
Parentage assignment and extra‐group paternity in a cooperative breeder: the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis)
Authors: Richardson D. S. , Jury F. L. , Blaakmeer K. , Komdeur J. , Burke T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe the development and initial application of a semiautomated parentage testing system in the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis). This system used fluorescently labelled primers for 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in two multiplex loading groups to genotype efficiently over 96% of the warbler population on Cousin island. When used in conjunction with the programcervus, this system provided sufficient power to assign maternity and paternity within the Seychelles warbler, despite the complications associated with its cooperative breeding system and a relatively low level of genetic variation. Parentage analyses showed that subordinate ‘helper’ females as well as the dominant ‘primary’ females laid eggs in communal nests, indicating that the Seychelles warbler has an intermediate level of female reproductive skew, in between the alternative extremes of helper‐at‐the‐nest and joint nesting systems. Forty‐four per cent of helpers bred successfully, accounting for 15% of all offspring. Forty per cent of young resulted from extra‐group paternity.
Microsatellite analysis of medfly bioinfestations in California
Authors: Bonizzoni M. , Zheng L. , Guglielmino C. R. , Haymer D. S. , Gasperi G. , Gomulski L. M. , Malacrida A. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a destructive agricultural pest with a long history of invasion success. This pest has been affecting different regions of the United States for the past 30 years, but a number of studies of medfly bioinfestations has focused on the situation in California. Although some progress has been made in terms of establishing the origin of infestations, the overall status of this pest in this area remains controversial. Specifically, do flies captured over the years represent independent infestations or the persistence of a resident population? We present an effort to answer this question based on the use of multilocus genotyping. Ten microsatellite loci were used to analyse 109 medflies captured in several infestations within California between 1992 and 1998. Using these same markers, 242 medflies from regions of the world having ‘established’ populations of this pest including Hawaii, Guatemala, El Salvador, Ecuador, Brazil, Argentina and Peru, were also analysed. Although phylogenetic analysis, amova analysis, the immanc assignment test and geneclass exclusion test analysis suggest that some of the medflies captured in California are derived from independent invasion events, analysis of specimens from the Los Angeles basin provides support for the hypothesis that an endemic population, probably derived from Guatemala, has been established.
Population genetic structure of the malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis across Nigeria suggests range expansion
Authors: Onyabe D. Y. , Conn J. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTen microsatellite loci, four located within and six outside chromosome inversions, were employed to study the genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis across the ecological zones of Nigeria (arid savannah in the north gradually turns into humid forest in the south). Regardless of location within or outside inversions, genetic variability at all loci was characterized by a reduction in both the number of alleles per locus and heterozygosity from savannah to forest. Across all loci, all but one allele in the forest also occurred in the savannah, whereas at least 78 alleles in the savannah were missing in the forest. Genetic differentiation increased with geographical distance; consequently, genetic distances between zones exceeded those within zones. The largest genetic distances were between localities at the extremes of the transect (range FST = 0.196–0.258 and RST = 0.183–0.468) and were as large as those between A. arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae s.s. Gene flow across the country was very low, so that Nm between the extremes of the transect was < 1. These data suggest that A. arabiensis has extended its range from the savannah into the forest during which it experienced a reduction in effective population size due to sequential founder effects. Gene flow post range expansion appears too restricted by geographical distance to homogenize the gene pool of A. arabiensis across Nigeria.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism assessment of genetic variation in Nicaraguan populations of Pinus oocarpa
Authors: Díaz V. , Muñiz L. M. , Ferrer E. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Pinus oocarpa is the most widely distributed pine species of Mexico and Central America. The natural populations of Nicaragua have been affected by extensive human activities. As a consequence, their size has been reduced, and there is a serious threat to the development of mature woodland. Knowledge of population structures and the genetic diversity of the species is required for the design of sustainable use and conservation strategies. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assess the genetic variation among 10 populations from three geographical regions of Nicaragua. Both markers revealed high levels of diversity in these populations. GST values and analyses of molecular variance (amova) found that most variation was within populations but there is still a significant differentiation between populations indicating that the populations sampled cannot be considered a single panmictic unit. The partitions created by amova also showed that there was little differentiation between populations of different regions, although cluster analyses based on RAPDs and AFLPs indicated a closer relationship among most of the populations from a same geographical region. Management of P. oocarpa in Nicaragua should be aimed to maintain the high degree of genetic variation within individual populations that is still observed even in some of these highly degraded populations.
Organelle DNA phylogeography of Cycas taitungensis, a relict species in Taiwan
Authors: Huang S. , Chiang Y. C. , Schaal B. A. , Chou C. H. , Chiang T. Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe phylogegraphic pattern of Cycas taitungensis, an endemic species with two remaining populations in Taiwan, was investigated based on genetic variability and phylogeny of the atpB‐rbcL noncoding spacer of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). High levels of genetic variation at both organelle loci, due to frequent intramolecular recombination, and low levels of genetic differentiation were detected in the relict gymnosperm. The apportionment of genetic variation within and between populations agreed with a migrant‐pool model, which describes a migratory pattern with colonists recruited from a random sample of earlier existing populations. Phylogenies obtained from cpDNA and mtDNA were discordant according to neighbour‐joining analyses. In total four chlorotypes (clades I–IV) and five mitotypes (clades A–E) were identified based on minimum spanning networks of each locus. Significant linkage disequilibrium in mitotype–chlorotype associations excluded the possibility of the recurrent homoplasious mutations as the major force causing phylogenetic inconsistency. The most abundant chlorotype I was associated with all mitotypes and the most abundant mitotype C with all chlorotypes; no combinations of rare mitotypes with rare chlorotypes were found. According to nested clade analyses, such nonrandom associations may be ascribed to relative ages among alleles associated with the geological history through which cycads evolved. Nested in networks as interior nodes coupled with wide geographical distribution, the most dominant cytotypes of CI and EI may represent ancestral haplotypes of C. taitungensis with a possible long existence prior to the Pleistocene glacial maximum. In contrast, rare chlorotypes and mitotypes with restricted and patchy distribution may have relatively recent origins. Newly evolved genetic elements of mtDNA, with a low frequency, were likely to be associated with the dominant chlorotype, and vice versa, resulting in the nonrandom mitotype–chlorotype associations. Paraphyly of CI and EI cytotypes, leading to the low level of genetic differentiation between cycad populations, indicated a short period for isolation, which allowed low possibilities of the attainment of coalescence at polymorphic ancestral alleles.