bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can seed exchange networks explain the morphological and genetic diversity in perennial crop species? The case of the tropical fruit tree Dacryodes edulis in rural and urban Cameroon
Authors: Rimlinger Aurore , Duminil Jérôme , Avana‐Tientcheu Marie‐Louise , Carrière Stéphanie M. 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact StatementCrop seed exchange networks, shaped by social dynamics, strongly influence the organization and breadth of plant diversity in human‐managed environments. Integrating an urban and market perspective, this study explores the diversity dynamics of a socio‐economically important Central African fruit tree species, the African plum tree. Tree owners in urban, peri‐urban and rural sites use seeds from different origins as their main propagation material, leading to locational variations in genetic diversity and structure. This analysis contributes toward building a framework to inform the research agenda of cultivated African fruit trees, by highlighting the important role of urban centers in safeguarding crop genetic resources.Summary

Biocultural factors constrain the dynamics of crop species diversity. Here, we considered different aspects of the social, spatial and temporal dynamics of morphological and genetic diversity in a multi‐purpose perennial crop, the African plum tree (Dacryodes edulis). We assessed (i) how seed exchange networks were organized along urbanization gradients, and how they influenced the distribution of species diversity; (ii) the temporal dynamic of seed exchange network by characterizing species genetic diversity through time.
To do so, the study was carried out in Cameroon, where we focused on three urbanization gradients, covering urban, peri‐urban and rural areas, corresponding to three different ethnic groups (Bamileke, Bassa, Beti). We combined interviews with tree owners and nuclear microsatellite‐based genetic analyses.
Tree owners from urban and peri‐urban sites primarily used distant seed sources, acquired in the market or from their village of origin, as propagation material, whereas tree owners in rural sites relied primarily on village‐level seeds. In turn, genetic diversity was not evenly distributed, with rural sites exhibiting their own genetic clusters. On the contrary, the genetic diversity of urban sites was enhanced by extensive human‐mediated seed flows. Looking at trees from different age classes, we found that genetic diversity was stable over time.
Overall, this first attempt to combine different levels of diversity for African plum trees in commercially connected areas expands the scope for in situ intraspecific conservation by highlighting the contribution of urbanized areas.
Effects of the HIV‐1 maturation inhibitor GSK3640254 on QT interval in healthy participants
Authors: Zhang Ying , Bush Mark , Yazdani Parto , Zhan Joyce , Wen Bo , Bainbridge Veronica , Wynne Brian R. , Joshi Samit , Lataillade Max 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGSK3640254 (GSK'254) is a novel HIV‐1 maturation inhibitor with pharmacokinetics supporting once‐daily (QD) therapy for HIV‐1 treatment. This thorough QT/corrected QT (QTc) study evaluated the effect of GSK'254 on cardiac repolarization. In this two‐part, randomized study, healthy participants received GSK'254 or placebo QD for 7 days (part 1) to determine safety and pharmacokinetics of a 500‐mg supratherapeutic dose. Four sequential treatment periods composed the main QTc study (part 2): GSK'254 100 mg, GSK'254 500 mg, placebo QD for 7 days, or placebo QD for 6 days with a 400‐mg moxifloxacin dose on Day 7 (all with a moderate‐fat meal). Concentration‐QTc analyses modeled the relationship between GSK'254 plasma concentrations and placebo‐adjusted change from baseline in QT interval corrected with Fridericia's formula (ΔΔQTcF). Of 50 participants enrolled, 48 completed the study (part 1, 8/8; part 2, 40/42). Least‐squares (LS) mean change from baseline in QTcF for GSK'254 100 mg followed the placebo pattern across time points (maximum LS mean ΔΔQTcF, 1.7 ms); the upper bound of the 90% CI remained <10 ms. Maximum LS mean ΔΔQTcF for GSK'254 500 mg exceeded the 10‐ms threshold: 10.6 ms (90% CI 7.75–13.38). Neither GSK'254 dose had clinically relevant effects on heart rate or cardiac conduction. By concentration‐QTc analysis, no effect on ΔΔQTcF >10 ms is expected up to GSK'254 concentrations of ~3070 ng mL−1. No clinically relevant effects on cardiac parameters were seen in healthy participants with GSK'254 at the 100‐mg dose.
Design and field test of a foldable wing unmanned aerial–underwater vehicle
Authors: Sun Xiangren , Cao Jian , Li Ye , Wang Baoxu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the design and field test of a foldable wing unmanned aerial–underwater vehicle (UAUV). The vehicle can complete diving and air operations, and still have the ability of multiple trans‐medium water egress and ingress under the condition of carrying mission load during a single flight. The wings can be folded back for drag reduction in underwater sailing and water egress, and unfolded to provide lift for flight after water egress. This paper presents the major components and system design of the vehicle, including the overall structure of the vehicle, the design of the mechanism for self‐locking and quick‐folding, the design of the electrical system, the selection of the propulsion system, and analyzes the performance gains from foldable wings and foldable propellers. Then the trans‐medium field test was introduced, and the analysis and discussion were conducted for the four typical operating conditions of the vehicle, including water sailing, aerial flight, water egress and water ingress. Furthermore, the endurance performance under the corresponding operating conditions is estimated based on experimental data and the current battery energy carried. The presence of foldable wings and a large pitch angle water egress strategy reduces the thrust‐to‐weight ratio requirement for the vehicle. The results of the field tests can provide important experience and data support for the subsequent application‐oriented UAUVs.
Examining the asymmetric effects of fossil fuel consumption, foreign direct investment, and globalization on ecological footprint in Mexico
Authors: Eweade Babatunde S. , Karlilar Selin , Pata Ugur Korkut , Adeshola Ibrahim , Olaifa John O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the asymmetric effects of fossil fuels, foreign direct investment (FDI), and globalization on the ecological footprint (EFP) in Mexico from 1975 to 2020. To this end, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL), and the wavelet coherence approach are conducted. Based on the outcomes of the ARDL method, economic growth and fossil fuel consumption lead to ecological degradation, while foreign direct investment improves environmental conditions. Globalization has no impact on the environment. The NARDL approach illustrates that a positive shock to fossil fuels, FDI, and globalization degrades the environment. The wavelet coherence results emphasize the adverse environmental influence of economic growth and fossil fuels. These results imply that the Mexican government should conduct its economic expansion considering the principle of sustainable development. In this context, policymakers should propagate carbon taxes and similar instruments to promote clean energy sources that can replace fossil fuels and are compatible with sustainable development policies.
Seeded vacuum decay with Gauss-Bonnet
Authors: Gregory Ruth , Hu Shi-Qian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate false vacuum decay catalysed by black holes under the influence of the higher order Gauss-Bonnet term. We study both bubble nucleation and Hawking-Moss types of phase transition in arbitrary dimension. The equations of motion of “bounce” solutions in which bubbles nucleate around arbitrary dimensional black holes are found in the thin wall approximation, and the instanton action is computed. The headline result that the tunnelling action for static instantons is the difference in entropy of the seed and remnant black holes is shown to hold for arbitrary dimension. We also study the Hawking-Moss transition and find a picture similar to the Einstein case, with one curious five-dimensional exception (due to a mass gap). In four dimensions, we find as expected that the Gauss-Bonnet term only impacts topology changing transitions, i.e. when vacuum decay removes the seed black hole altogether, or in a (Hawking-Moss) transition where a black hole is created. In the former case, topology changing transitions are suppressed (for positive GB coupling α), whereas the latter case results in an enhanced transition.
Der Stellenwert von Leitlinien in der Zahnheilkunde und in der zahnmedizinischen Ausbildung
Authors: Krohn Sebastian , Kopp Ina B. , Proff Peter 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen von qualitätssichernden Maßnahmen spielen evidenzbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen in der Zahn- und Humanmedizin eine zunehmend bedeutendere Rolle. Die von Expertengremien methodenkritisch evaluierten Wissenschaftserkenntnisse werden dabei zu einfach verständlichen Leitlinien zusammengefasst. Entsprechend der Konsens- und Evidenzgewichtung des Erstellungsprozesses werden die Leitlinien in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstufen qualitativ bewertet. Seit der Gründung in den 1960er-Jahren erfolgen die Publikation von Leitlinien und die Koordination der Leitlinienerstellung durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt sind 44 zahnmedizinische Leitlinien verfügbar, die zum größten Teil mit der höchsten Entwicklungsstufe S3 bewertet sind. Dadurch sind Handlungskorridore für eine Vielzahl von Behandlungsmaßnahmen für zahnärztliches Personal der universitären Standorte und Praxen definiert, deren Implementierung in den klinischen Alltag wünschenswert ist. Mangelnde Akzeptanz von Leitlinien und ein hoher Ressourcenaufwand bei deren Erstellung sind wesentliche Limitationen im Ausbau der evidenzbasierten Zahnmedizin. Diese könnten durch Einführung der wissenschaftlichen Grundausbildung innerhalb des Zahnmedizinstudiums und verstärkte Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses überwunden werden, um hohe Behandlungsqualität und Ökonomie in der Zahnheilkunde auch zukünftig zu gewährleisten. Leitlinien können die zahnmedizinische Ausbildung unterstützen, indem sie Studierenden wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Handlungsschablonen bieten und den Lehrenden helfen, den hohen Anforderungen im Rahmen von praktischen Kursen gerecht zu werden.
Analyse der Versorgungssituation bei Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris (ECF) in Deutschland
Authors: Amann Elea , Schwarze Michael , Noll Yvonne , Windhagen Henning , Radtke Kerstin 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einführung
Das Behandlungskonzept der Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. In der Literatur findet sich bislang insgesamt keine einheitliche Empfehlung für ein therapeutisches Vorgehen. Ziel dieser Studie ist daher die Analyse der Versorgungsrealität von Kindern mit ECF in Deutschland.

Methodik
Basierend auf einem Fragebogen zur ECF-Versorgung, der 2021 an ECF-versorgende Ärzte verschickt wurde, erfolgt die Auswertung der Studie. Im Weiteren erfolgt der Abgleich der erhobenen Versorgungsdaten mit Literaturempfehlungen zur ECF.

Ergebnisse
36 von 47 verschickten Bögen wurden eingeschlossen. Dabei konnte insgesamt kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Versorgung der ECF hinsichtlich der jährlichen Fallzahlen oder der Krankenhausgröße nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Es zeigt sich insgesamt ein inhomogenes Bild bezüglich der ECF-Versorgung. Nach aktueller Literatur gilt das modifizierte Dunn-Verfahren bislang als die beste Therapieoption für schwer abgerutschte Epiphysen und für Patienten mit chronischer ECF. Dieses im Vergleich zu anderen Versorgungsoptionen technisch schwierige und komplikationsreiche Verfahren kann nicht in jedem Krankenhaus angeboten werden. Eine Registererfassung aus versorgenden Kliniken, eine Mindestmengenregelung sowie der Ausbau von Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen können zur Optimierung der Versorgung beitragen.

Graphic abstract
Low central sensitisation inventory score is associated with better post‐operative outcomes of osteotomy around the knee
Authors: Ding Hao , Koga Hideyuki , Katagiri Hiroki , Hasegawa Shoichi , Anzai Tatushiko , Katakura Mai , Yoshihara Aritoshi , Amemiya Masaki , Hoshino Takashi , Ozeki Nobutake , Nakamura Tomomasa , Nakagawa Yusuke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the potential association between central sensitisation inventory (CSI) scores and post‐operative patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in patients underwent osteotomy around the knee (OAK), with a CSI cut‐off score specific for knee osteoarthritis.MethodsCSI scores were collected from 173 patients who underwent OAK, along with their knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and pain numeric rating scale (NRS) scores. Patients were divided into high‐CSI score group and low‐CSI score group with a cut‐off score of 17. Multivariate linear regression was performed to test the association between CSI scores and post‐operative outcomes. Pre‐surgery KOOS and NRS scores and the rate of attainment of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of KOOS scores was analysed as secondary outcomes.ResultsLow‐CSI score group had significantly higher post‐operative KOOS scores and lower pain NRS scores compared to the high‐CSI score group (< p = 0.01) after adjusting for confounding factors. For pre‐operative scores, only the KOOS‐Symptom score was significantly different between the groups (64.7 ± 20.1 when CSI < 17 vs.55.1 ± 19.7 when CSI ≥ 17; p = 0.008). The low‐CSI score group had significantly higher MCID achievement rates of KOOS‐Pain, Symptom, and ADL than the high‐CSI score group (86% vs. 68%; 74% vs. 55%; 86% vs. 67%, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study established an association between post‐operative CSI scores ≥ 17 and poorer outcomes following OAK, highlighting the potential value of the CSI in identifying patients in need of more comprehensive peri‐operative pain management.Level of evidenceLevel III. Retrospective comparative study.
Infraorbital Rejuvenation Combined with Thread-Lifting and Non-cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid Injection: A Retrospective, Case-Series Study
Authors: Liao Zhi-Feng , Yang Wei , Li Xin , Wang Shi-wei , Liu Fang-Cen , Luo Sheng-Kang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Infraorbital aging develops during the natural aging process. Various treatment options offer unique benefits, accompanied by diverse side effect profiles, and can be synergistically combined to optimize results. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive approach involving non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid injection and smooth absorbable PPDO (poly p-dioxanone) thread insertion for infraorbital rejuvenation.

Methods
This retrospective case series study enrolled ten female patients with infraorbital aging from March 2022 to April 2023. Clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and adverse events were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months posttreatment.

Results
The median Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores evaluated by the operator and blinded evaluator were 1.70 ± 0.42 and 1.80 ± 0.35, respectively, at six months posttreatment. The median Allergan Infraorbital Hollows Scale determined by the operator was 1.15 ± 0.34 at six months posttreatment, whereas the scores evaluated by the blinded evaluator were 1.15 ± 0.53. At six months after treatment, 50% of patients were satisfied, and an additional 40% reported strong satisfaction with the clinical improvement following treatment. No serious adverse events, such as infections, lumps, irregularities, Tyndall effect, hematoma, or skin necrosis, occurred during the treatment period.

Conclusions
The combination of PPDO thread insertion and non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid injection yielded satisfactory and effective clinical outcomes with no occurrence of serious adverse events for infraorbital rejuvenation. We anticipate that this study will contribute to the advancement of novel treatment options for infraorbital aging.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Gender differences in association between expiratory dynamic airway collapse and severity of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kim Soriul , Lee Ki Yeol , Siddiquee Ali Tanweer , Kim Hyeon Jin , Nam Hye Ryeong , Ko Chang Seop , Kim Nan Hee , Shin Chol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Repetitive unbalances and tensions generated by inspiratory efforts against an obstructive upper airway during sleep predispose the development of expiratory central airway collapse. In addition, structures of the upper airway between men and women have differences and could be the reasons for differences in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence between genders. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between parameters of expiratory dynamic tracheal collapse measured using chest multidetector CT and objectively measured OSA severity between men and women.

Materials and methods
A total of 901 participants who underwent chest CT and overnight in-home polysomnography from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were cross-sectionally analyzed (women: 46.2%). The participants were divided into three groups based on OSA severity by apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of central airway collapse after adjustment for cardiovascular-related covariates.

Results
In a multivariate analysis, percentages of expiratory lumen structure reductions involving area, diameter, and perimeter were associated with AHI (all p values < 0.05) and with OSA severity (moderate-to-severe OSA than no OSA: β = 3.30%, p = 0.03; β = 2.05%, p = 0.02; β = 1.97%, p = 0.02, respectively) in women, whereas men had only a greater percentage of expiratory wall thickness reduction in moderate-to-severe OSA than no OSA (β = 0.72%, p = 0.003). In addition, women with both mild OSA and moderate-to-severe OSA had higher expiratory tracheal collapse than men without OSA, and a moderate effect of sex was observed (p for interaction = 0.007).

Conclusion
The expiratory dynamic tracheal collapse was independently associated with severity of OSA in women than in men.

Clinical relevance statement
Differences of pharyngeal structures and inherent features of airways by genders may affect the dissimilarities in vulnerability to sleep apnea between men and women.

Key Points
• The expiratory dynamic tracheal collapse was independently associated with severity of OSA in women than in men.
• Women with over mild OSA had higher expiratory tracheal collapse than men without OSA, and moderate effect of sex was observed.
• Structural differences of airway may affect differences in susceptibility of sleep apnea between genders.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Medizin: Von Entlastungen und neuen Anforderungen im ärztlichen Handeln
Authors: Tretter Max , Samhammer David , Dabrock Peter 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDer folgende Beitrag untersucht, wie der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Medizin einerseits dazu beitragen kann, Ärzt*innen einige Aufgaben abzunehmen und sie auf sachlicher Ebene zu unterstützen – wie durch diese KI-Anwendungen andererseits jedoch neue Anforderungen auf der sozialen Ebene ärztlichen Handelns entstehen. Entlang der ethischen wie sozialpsychologischen Konzepte Vertrauen, Nachvollziehbarkeit und Verantwortung wird auf konzeptioneller Ebene aufgezeigt, welche neuen Herausforderungen durch den Einsatz medizinischer KI-Anwendungen entstehen und dass diese primär durch Kommunikation bewältigt werden können. Die Notwendigkeit, diese Herausforderungen kommunikativ anzugehen, wird vor dem Hintergrund professionstheoretischer wie ethischer Überlegungen diskutiert. So kommen wir zu dem Schluss, dass der Einsatz medizinischer KI-Anwendungen zu einer Verschiebung im Anforderungsprofil von Ärzt*innen führen wird. Dabei wird der Fokus von rein fachlichen Kompetenzen auf eine stärkere Betonung der Kommunikationsfähigkeiten verlagert.
Biological enhancement of the cover crop Phacelia tanacetifolia (Boraginaceae) with the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in a succeeding tomato plant
Authors: Uthoff Jana , Jakobs-Schönwandt Desiree , Schmidt Jan Henrik , Hallmann Johannes , Dietz Karl-Josef , Patel Anant 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRoot-knot nematodes cause global economic losses in a wide range of crops. We investigated the potential of seed coatings of the cover cropPhacelia tanacetifolia(Boraginaceae) when inoculated with the nematophagous fungusPochonia chlamydosporia(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) to protect subsequently grown tomato plants from root galling caused by the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne hapla(Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae). Therefore, seeds ofP. tanacetifoliawere coated withP. chlamydosporiablastospores and planted inM. hapla-infested pots. After 50 days of growth in infested soil,M. haplaeggs were extracted fromP. tanacetifoliaroots and quantified. Tomato plants grown in the remaining soil served as bioindicator ofM. haplainfestation as expressed by the gall index. Results showed that seed coating ofP. tanacetifoliawithP. chlamydosporia(290 ± 51 CFU per seed) reduced the number ofM. haplaeggs up to 95.6% in comparison to untreated controls.Pochonia chlamydosporiaas blastospore suspension (5·108blastospores per 600 ml soil) reduced the number ofM. haplaeggs by up to 75.5%. Additionally, tomato plants grown for 50 days in substrates previously planted withP. tanacetifoliaseeds coated withP. chlamydosporiashowed a significantly lower gall index than plants grown in untreated pots. In conclusion, biological enhancement ofP. tanacetifoliaby seed coating withP. chlamydosporiasuccessfully reducedM. haplaand thus provides an additional tool in the management of this nematode. The method still has potential for further improvement such as increasing blastospore viability within the seed coating by optimized formulation technology.
Tests of Animal Consciousness are Tests of Machine Consciousness
Authors: Dung Leonard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIf a machine attains consciousness, how could we find out? In this paper, I make three related claims regarding positive tests of machine consciousness. All three claims center on the idea that an AI can be constructed “ad hoc”, that is, with the purpose of satisfying a particular test of consciousness while clearly not being conscious. First, a proposed test of machine consciousness can be legitimate, even if AI can be constructed ad hoc specifically to pass this test. This is underscored by the observation that many, if not all, putative tests of machine consciousness can be passed by non-conscious machines via ad hoc means. Second, we can identify ad hoc AI by taking inspiration from the notion of an ad hoc hypothesis in philosophy of science. Third, given the first and the second claim, the most reliable tests of animal consciousness turn out to be valid and useful positive tests of machine consciousness as well. If a non-ad hoc AI exhibits clusters of cognitive capacities facilitated by consciousness in humans which can be selectively switched off by masking and if it reproduces human behavior in suitably designed double dissociation tasks, we should treat the AI as conscious.