bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual benefits for research and practice: Randomized controlled trials in the Hector Children's Academy Program
Authors: Trautwein Ulrich , Golle Jessika , Jaggy Ann‐Kathrin , Hasselhorn Marcus , Nagengast Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article describes how a series of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were implemented in the Hector Children's Academy Talent Development Program with the goal of generating mutual benefits for research and practice. The Hector Children's Academy Program, founded in 2010 and located in one of the largest states in Germany, Baden‐Württemberg, is a statewide enrichment program for talented primary school students, with a focus on STEMM topics. The program is financed by a private foundation, supervised by the Ministry of Education, and offered by 69 local sites that are hosted by local schools. About 15,000 primary school students (Grades 1–4) attend enrichment courses (more than 23,000 course participations) offered by the Hector Children's Academy Program every year. A unique element of the Hector Children's Academy Program is the role of empirical research in course development. The Hector Core Courses—offered by all local sites—undergo a strict quality assurance process in which RCTs are used to test their effectiveness with regard to central outcomes. After describing the Hector Children's Academy Program, we explain how the Hector Core Courses were developed and incorporated into the program, summarize key findings from the RCTs, and discuss mutual benefits for research and practice.
All we need is love? Irreconcilable political incongruence in families after the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong
Authors: Yu Branda Yee‐Man , Lam Calvin , Chan Christian S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolitical disagreement with family members can have a deleterious impact on familial relationships, but the long‐term consequences are understudied. This study examined the relational outcomes of familial political incongruence two years after the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong and the extent to which frequency and types of family contact explain their association. This two‐wave questionnaire study augmented with a 14‐day daily record of family contact recruited (1) young adults and (2) parents with children aged 18–30 (N = 559). Nearly half of the respondents reported significant political incongruence with their parents/children. We observed consistent findings in both adult children and parents. Greater parent–child political differences were associated with reduced likelihood of having positive family communication and family functioning. Increased political differences with family members were associated with greater odds of family dysfunctionality. Moreover, expression of love and care mediated the effect of political differences with family members on changes in family functioning. This study demonstrates familial political incongruence exerts an influence on families two years after the unrest. Parent–child political differences are associated with a decline in the quality of family communication and family environment. We discuss how parent–child political incongruence drives a family to worsened well‐being through dysfunctional family dynamics.
Development and application of a droplet digital PCR assay for the detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 from different biological samples
Authors: Lovera Andrea , Rodríguez Edwin , Simbaqueba Jaime , Burbano‐David Diana , Carmona Sandra L. , Izquierdo‐García Luisa F. , Gómez‐Correa Juan C. , Leon‐Pacheco Rommel I. , Parra‐Fuentes Madeleyne , Rodríguez‐Yzquierdo Gustavo , Betancourt Mónica , Zuluaga Paola , Soto‐Suárez Mauricio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFusarium wilt of banana, caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is a threat to food security as it affects the global banana industry. Control of this pathogen is complex due to the lack of resistant banana or plantain genotypes, lack of effective commercial fungicides, the production of chlamydospores, late appearance of symptoms in infected plants, high adaptability of the pathogen to diverse soil conditions and the polycyclic nature of the disease. Currently, the management strategy for Foc TR4 is exclusion and eradication, which is costly for the producer and the environment because the plants are treated with glyphosate and the affected area is quarantined for a long time. Thus, the development of early detection strategies for Foc TR4 from environmental samples and asymptomatic tissues with low inoculum concentration is essential; this would enable restriction of pathogen spread and minimize the environmental impact by eradication only in areas with accurate data of the pathogen's presence. In this study, three different PCR technologies (conventional PCR, quantitative PCR and droplet digital [dd] PCR) were evaluated for Foc TR4 detection in complex environmental samples. We report the development of a sensitive and specific ddPCR primer/probe set and protocols that can be used as a tool for Foc TR4 detection from symptomatic and asymptomatic plant tissue without prior DNA extraction. The limits of detection in drainage waters, footbaths and soil samples were evaluated using artificial inoculation assays. Finally, environmental samples from Foc TR4‐affected fields were analysed.
Polymorphism of ADAM12, DPP6 and PRKN genes and their associations with milk production traits in Holstein
Authors: Li Rui‐Rui , Hu Hong‐hong , Feng Xue , Hu Chun‐li , Ma Yan‐fen , Cai Bei , Han Li‐Yun , Ma Yun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMilk production traits as the most important economic traits of dairy cows, they directly reflect the benefits of breeding and the economic benefits of pasture. In this study, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase‐12 (ADAM12), Parkinson's disease gene 2 (PRKN) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐like protein subtype 6 (DPP6) polymorphism in 384 Chinese Holstein cows were detected by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and through statistical analysis using software such as Popgene 32, SAS 9.4 and Origin 2022, the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three genes with four milk production traits such as daily milk yield (DMY), milk fat percentage (MFP), milk protein percentage (MPP) and somatic cell score (SCS) was verified at molecular level. The results showed that four polymorphic loci (116,467,133, 116,604,487, 116,618,268 and 116,835,111) of DPP6 gene, two polymorphic loci (97,665,052 and 97,159,837) of PRKN gene and two polymorphic loci (45,542,714 and 45,553,888) of ADAM12 gene were detected. PRKN‐97665052, DPP6‐116467133, ADAM12‐45553888, DPP6‐116604487 and DPP6‐116835111 were all in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium state (p > .05). ADAM12‐45542714, PRKN‐97159837 and PRKN‐97665052 were moderately polymorphic (0.25 ≤ PIC <0.50) in Holstein. It is evident that the selection potential and genetic variation of these five loci are relatively large, and the genetic richness is relatively high. The correlation analysis of different genotypes between these eight loci and milk production traits of Holstein showed that ADAM12‐45542714 and DPP6‐116835111 (p < .01) had an extremely significant effects on the DMY of Chinese Holstein in Ningxia, while PRKN‐97665052 had an extremely significant effect on MFP (p < .01). The effect of PRKN‐97665052 and DPP6‐116467133 on MPP of Holstein were extremely significant (p < .01). DPP6‐116618268 had an extremely significant effect on the SCS of Holstein in Ningxia (p < .01), and AA genotype individuals showed a higher SCS than GG genotype individuals; the other two loci (ADAM12‐45553888 and DPP6‐116604487) had no significant effects on milk production traits of Holstein (p > .05). In addition, through the joint analysis of DPP6, PRKN and ADAM12 gene loci, it was found that the interaction effect between the three gene loci could significantly affect the DMY, SCS (p < .01) and MPP (p < .05). In conclusion, several different loci of DPP6, PRKN and ADAM12 genes can affect the milk production traits of Holstein to different degrees. PRKN, DPP6 and ADAM12 genes can be used as potential candidate genes for milk production traits of Holstein for marker‐assisted selection, providing theoretical basis for breeding of Holstein.
Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Injector Geometry and Parcel Injection Location on Spray Simulation of the Engine Combustion Network Spray G Injector
Authors: Kumar Aman , Boussom Justin A , Van Dam Noah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent improvements in computing power and numerical techniques have enabled us resolve minute details of spray plume behavior and its wall boundary interactions, and made detailed spray simulations using large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models available to many more engineers. However, guidelines for parcel-based spray simulation boundary and initial conditions are still based on results from lower-resolution and Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations. Hence, it is necessary to critically examine those assumptions and compare their impact with results using a RANS turbulence model. Three different parameters, including whether a simulation includes a detailed injector tip geometry or a flat surface, whether parcels are initialized at the counterbore exit, which is more common, or at the nozzle exit, and whether to use an experimentally derived rate of injection or one-way coupling with a separate internal nozzle volume of fluid simulation, were examined with an LES turbulence model. Both local data close to the injector and global penetration results were used to compare simulations. Local data, such as the local liquid volume fraction, showed greater variation between the conditions, which may have an impact on mixing and combustion predictions in engine applications. Spray penetration and other global measures demonstrated limited sensitivity to the boundary conditions/initialization procedure. Results were also compared with prior results that used a RANS turbulence model. RANS simulations had overall smoother responses to the changes, as would be expected, but LES simulations showed similar trends in the effects for the measured variables.
Optimal Concentric Tube Robot Design for Safe Intracerebral Hemorrhage Removal
Authors: Huang Zhefeng , Alkhars Hussain , Gunderman Anthony , Sigounas Dimitri , Cleary Kevin , Chen Yue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal geometrical design of concentric tube robots (CTR) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evacuation, with a focus on minimizing the risk of damaging white matter tracts and cerebral arteries. Methods: To achieve our objective, we propose a parametrization method describing a general class of CTR geometric designs. We present mathematical models that describe the CTR design constraints and provide the calculation of a path risk value. We then use the genetic algorithm to determine the optimal tube geometry for targeting within the brain. Results: Our results show that a multi-tube CTR design can significantly reduce the risk of damaging critical brain structures compared to the conventional straight tube design. However, there is no significant relationship between the path risk value and the number and shape of the additional inner curved tubes. Conclusion: Considering the challenges of CTR hardware design, fabrication, and control, we conclude that the most feasible geometry for a CTR path in ICH treatment is a straight outer tube followed by a planar curved inner tube. These findings have important implications for the development of safe and effective CTRs for ICH evacuation by enabling dexterous manipulation to minimize damage to critical brain structures.
In silico
and experimental analysis of the repeated domains in BvaP, a protein important for GBS vaginal colonization
Authors: Thomas Lamar S. , Faiola Nicholas A. , Canessa Emily , Hathout Yetrib , Cook Laura C. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
(group B strep, GBS) infections in neonates are often fatal and strongly associated with maternal GBS vaginal colonization. Previously, we highlighted the importance of a formerly uncharacterized protein, BvaP, in GBS vaginal colonization. BvaP is highly conserved across GBS and is made up of repeated domains, with a variable number of repeats between strains. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of BvaP repeated domains and their relevance in phenotypes previously associated with vaginal colonization. Using
in silico
analysis, we found that the number of repeats in the BvaP protein does not generally appear to be associated with serotype, isolation site, or host. Using BvaP truncations in GBS strain A909, we determined that a smaller number of repeats was correlated with decreased bacterial chain length, but adherence to vaginal epithelial cells was complemented using BvaP containing one, two, three, or five repeats. Future research will be geared toward understanding the host immune response to BvaP
in vivo
and whether vaginal carriage or host response is dependent on the BvaP repeated domains.
Intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Sousa-Pinto Bernardo , Vieira Rafael José , Brozek Jan , Cardoso-Fernandes António , Lourenço-Silva Nuno , Ferreira-da-Silva Renato , Ferreira André , Gil-Mata Sara , Bedbrook Anna , Klimek Ludger , Fonseca Joao A , Zuberbier Torsten , Schünemann Holger J , Bousquet Jean 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIntranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids are some of the most frequently used drug classes in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. However, there is uncertainty as to whether effectiveness differences may exist among different intranasal specific medications. This systematic review aims to analyse and synthesise all evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids in rhinitis nasal and ocular symptoms and in rhinoconjunctivitis-related quality-of-life.Methods and analysisWe will search four electronic bibliographic databases and three clinical trials databases for RCTs (1) assessing patients ≥12 years old with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis and (2) comparing the use of intranasal antihistamines or corticosteroids versus placebo. Assessed outcomes will include the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), the Total Ocular Symptom Score (TOSS) and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). We will assess the methodological quality of included primary studies by using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Certainty in the body of evidence for the analysed outcomes will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We will perform a random-effects meta-analysis for each assessed medication and outcome, presenting results as pooled mean differences and standardised mean differences. Heterogeneity will be explored by sensitivity and subgroup analyses, considering (1) the risk of bias, (2) the follow-up period and (3) the drug dose.Ethics and disseminationEthical considerations will not be required. Results will be disseminated in a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023416573.
Relationship between an ageing measure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung function: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2007–2010
Authors: Ruan Zhishen , Li Dan , Huang Di , Liang Minghao , Xu Yifei , Qiu Zhanjun , Chen Xianhai 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease associated with ageing. However, actual age does not accurately reflect the degree of biological ageing. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) is a new indicator of biological ageing, and phenotypic age minus actual age is known as phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). This research aimed to analyse the relationship between PhenoAgeAccel and lung function and COPD.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsData for the study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. We defined people with forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity <0.70 after inhaled bronchodilators as COPD and the rest of the population as non-COPD. Adults aged 40 years or older were enrolled in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLinear and logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between PhenoAgeAccel, lung function and COPD. Subgroup analysis was performed by gender, age, ethnicity and smoking index COPD. In addition, we analysed the relationship between the smoking index, respiratory symptoms and PhenoAgeAccel. Multiple models were used to reduce confounding bias.Results5397 participants were included in our study, of which 1042 had COPD. Compared with PhenoAgeAccel Quartile1, Quartile 4 had a 52% higher probability of COPD; elevated PhenoAgeAccel was also significantly associated with reduced lung function. Further subgroup analysis showed that high levels of PhenoAgeAccel had a more significant effect on lung function in COPD, older adults and whites (P for interaction <0.05). Respiratory symptoms and a high smoking index were related to higher indicators of ageing.ConclusionsOur study found that accelerated ageing is associated with the development of COPD and impaired lung function. Smoking cessation and anti-ageing therapy have potential significance in COPD.
Barriers to and facilitators of effective management of fever episodes in hospitalised Kenyan children with cancer: protocol for convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Nessle Charles Nathaniel , Njuguna Festus , Dettinger Julia , Koima Raphael , Nyamusi Lenah , Kisembe Evelynn , Kinja Sarah , Ndung’u Mercy , Njenga Dennis , Langat Sandra , Olbara Gilbert , Moyer Cheryl , Vik Terry 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionFebrile neutropenia is an oncological emergency in children with cancer, associated with serious infections and complications. In low-resourced settings, death from infections in children with cancer is 20 times higher than in high-resourced treatment settings, thought to be related to delays in antibiotic administration and management. The barriers to effective management of fever episodes in children with cancer have not previously been described. This convergent mixed-methods study will provide the evidence to develop fever treatment guidelines and to inform their effective implementation in children with cancer at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), a level 6 referral hospital in western Kenya.Methods and analysisProspective data collection of paediatric patients with cancer with new fever episodes admitted to MTRH will be performed during routine treatment. Clinical variables will be collected from 50 fever episodes, including cancer diagnosis and infectious characteristics of the fever episode, and elapsed time from fever onset to various milestones in the management workflow. Semistructured qualitative interviews with healthcare providers (estimated 20 to reach saturation) will explore the barriers to and facilitators of appropriate management of fever episodes in children with cancer. The interview guide was informed by a theoretical framework and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A mixed-methods analysis use of joint display tables and process mapping will link and integrate the two types of data with meta-inferences.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional review board approval was obtained from the MTRH (0004273) and the University of Michigan (HUM0225674), and the study was registered with National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation (P/23/22885). Written consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be formally shared with local and national policy leadership and local end users, presented at relevant national academic conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Automated assessment of ischemic core on non-contrast computed tomography: a multicenter comparative analysis with CT perfusion
Authors: Shahrouki Puja , Kihira Shingo , Tavakkol Elham , Qiao Joe X , Vagal Achala , Khatri Pooja , Bahr-Hosseini Mersedeh , Colby Geoffrey P , Jahan Reza , Duckwiler Gary , Szeder Viktor , Ledbetter Luke , Cai Stephen , Salehi Banafsheh , Doshi Amish H. , Belani Puneet , Fifi Johanna T , De Leacy Reade , Mocco J , Saver Jeffrey L , Liebeskind David S , Nael Kambiz 
Published: November 2023

Background
Application of machine learning (ML) algorithms has shown promising results in estimating ischemic core volumes using non-contrast CT (NCCT).

Objective
To assess the performance of the e-Stroke Suite software (Brainomix) in assessing ischemic core volumes on NCCT compared with CT perfusion (CTP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
In this retrospective multicenter study, patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions who underwent pretreatment NCCT and CTP, successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerbral Infarction ≥2b), and post-treatment MRI, were included from three stroke centers. Automated calculation of ischemic core volumes was obtained on NCCT scans using ML algorithm deployed by e-Stroke Suite and from CTP using Olea software (Olea Medical). Comparative analysis was performed between estimated core volumes on NCCT and CTP and against MRI calculated final infarct volume (FIV).

Results
A total of 111 patients were included. Estimated ischemic core volumes (mean±SD, mL) were 20.4±19.0 on NCCT and 19.9±18.6 on CTP, not significantly different (P=0.82). There was moderate (r=0.40) and significant (P<0.001) correlation between estimated core on NCCT and CTP. The mean difference between FIV and estimated core volume on NCCT and CTP was 29.9±34.6 mL and 29.6±35.0 mL, respectively (P=0.94). Correlations between FIV and estimated core volume were similar for NCCT (r=0.30, P=0.001) and CTP (r=0.36, P<0.001).

Conclusions
Results show that ML-based estimated ischemic core volumes on NCCT are comparable to those obtained from concurrent CTP in magnitude and in degree of correlation with MR-assessed FIV.
Environmental determinants of round goby invasion refuges at a river scale: implications for conservation of native biodiversity
Authors: Morissette Olivier , Charette Cristina , Windle Matthew J.S. , Francis Abraham , Drouin Annick , Goldsmit Jesica , Derry Alison M. 
Published: November 2023

Introductions of exotic invasive species are a global disturbance for natural habitats. The severity of invasions can greatly vary from local to global scales, as observed in invasion refuges, which exhibit lower-than-expected invasion intensity. In this study, we analyzed the effects of water conductivity and wetland presence on the density of the round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus) in a large-scale study (>1300 sites), spanning a 400 km stretch of the St. Lawrence River (Canada). Our results showed that round goby density was null in sites with water conductivity under 100 µS cm−1 and increased toward a probable biological optimum at 300 µS cm−1. The presence of wetlands appeared to also decrease round goby density along the conductivity continuum. Similarly, fish community diversity was maximal outside of the round goby water conductivity optimum. Hence, low water conductivity (<100 µS cm−1), in interaction with the presence of wetlands, can provide a refuge for native aquatic species, establishing a simple risk assessment tool for managers. Our results also highlighted the high value of wetland conservation for the conservation of native species biodiversity.