bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Versus Surgical Management of Early-stage Oesophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis on Survival
Authors: Hassan Hana Ibrahim , Almuneef Reema Hamad M. , Almutairi Sarah Khalid , Alzanbaqi Saja Fawzi , Alatawi Ghadah Eid M. , Alshehri Roaa Hassan , Alsuwaylih Mohammed Abdulmajeed , Alanazi Yousef Abdulhadi , Alshamoosi Mohammed Salman , Alkhwildi Hassan , Alsaffar Sara , Alawad Fatema , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Treatment decision-making for oesophageal cancer is particularly challenging when the disease is in its early stages, contributing significantly to the worldwide health burden. Endoscopic procedures have become popular as less intrusive substitutes for surgery in the treatment of oesophageal cancer in its early stages. The objective of this systematic review is to assess and compare, in patients with early-stage oesophageal cancer, the long-term survival and complication outcomes of endoscopic versus surgical therapy.

Methodology:
Using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library), a thorough literature search was carried out to find pertinent published research. Research comparing surgical resection with endoscopic procedures (endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection) for early-stage oesophageal cancer was encompassed. We gathered and evaluated data on overall survival, death and complications.

Results:
A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The studies encompassed a diverse range of patient populations and interventions, with varying follow-up periods. Overall, endoscopic interventions were associated with comparable long-term survival outcomes to surgical resection, with significant differences in overall mortality rates, complications and long-term survival rates observed between the two treatment modalities: odds ratio (OR) =0.426, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.293–0.617, P < 0.001 and OR = 0.713, 95% CI: 0.581–0.875, P = 0.001, respectively. However, endoscopic interventions were associated with lower rates of complications (OR = 0.270, 95% CI: 0.185–0.394, P < 0.001) compared to surgery.

Conclusion:
Endoscopic interventions are effective in early-stage oesophageal cancer treatment, with comparable long-term survival compared to surgical resection. However, further research is needed to determine the most suitable treatment strategy.
Safety and Efficacy of Combined Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Monotherapy in Patients with Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aleid Ali , Alali Danah Sami , Alabdalal Tuqa Ahmed , Alanazi Raghad Sultan , Daghriri Lujain Adel A. , Alhassoun Reefal Ali , Altwaijri Dhai Fahad , Alawad Fatema Hani 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly nivolumab and ipilimumab, has revolutionised melanoma treatment. However, the optimal approach between combined therapy and monotherapy remains debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of combined nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus monotherapy in melanoma patients.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted in major databases for relevant studies comparing the outcomes of combined nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus monotherapy in melanoma patients. Data regarding safety outcomes, including adverse events and efficacy outcomes, such as overall response rate and progression-free survival, were extracted and analysed.

Results:
A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that combined nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy significantly increased survival rates compared to monotherapy (P = 0.0006). As well as it was associated with a lower incidence of grade 3–4 adverse events (P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis by monotherapy drug provided further insights into the comparative safety and efficacy profiles.

Conclusion:
In melanoma patients, combined nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy demonstrates superior efficacy in terms of survival and adverse events compared to monotherapy. These findings highlight the need for individualised treatment decisions considering both efficacy and safety profiles. Further research, particularly in specific patient subgroups, is warranted to refine treatment strategies for melanoma.
Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis of the Elbow Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aldeen Abdullah Mansour Zain , Algaman Eid Khaled , Alanzi Ryan Khater , Aljaffar Abdullah Bader Youssef , Alhudaithi Muath Hussain M. , Zaid Aqeel Mustafa Taher Bu , Alenezi Saleh , Aljumaiah Noarah Abdullah , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef Salem 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Elbow fractures are recognized as a cause of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the elbow, and there are wide variations in the studated incidences. The incidence and risk factors for developing PTOA after elbow fractures are reviewed in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from inception to February 2024, and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Elbow fractures in adults with at least 12 months’ followup were included in studies reporting incidence and risk factors for PTOA. For study and patient characteristics, fracture classification, treatment, and incidence of PTOA, data extraction was performed. Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess quality. Heterogeneity was addressed by random-effects meta-analysis and subgroup/meta-regression analyses.

Results:
The 25 studies included involved a total of 1,538 patients. The pooled incidence of PTOA after elbow fractures was 30.3% (95% CI: 25.2%–35.8%). Incidence of simple fractures and intra articular fractures was reported. Significant risk factors included advanced age, male gender, fracture displacement and comminution, intraarticular fracture fragments, and nonoperative treatment.

Conclusion:
In approximately 30% of patients who have an elbow fracture, PTOA will occur, and intra-articular fractures are associated with a higher risk. Optimization of management and reduction in long term arthritis may be achieved by identifying modifiable risk factors (eg, ensuring fracture reduction and fixation).
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Comparison of Compartment Syndrome Rates between Fiberglass and Plaster of Paris
Authors: Aldomyati Suad Yusuf , Zaid Aqeel Mustafa Taher Bu , Alghamidi Fouad Abdulsalam S. , Al-Ibrahim Fatem Saleh , Aljaffar Abdullah Bader , Alghamdi Sahar Abdulrahman H. , Almutawa Khalid Mohammed , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef Salem , Albinsaad Loai Saleh , Asiri Abdullah Ahmed A , Alaidarous Hasan Ali Abdullah 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Pneumoni is A significant concern in orthopedic practice which involves an increased pressure within a confined space of an anatomical structure which holds the possibility of impaired blood flow, nerve injure and tissue death. Fiberglass and plaster of Paris (POP) are two favourite orthopedic casting materials with properties that could potentially affect compartment syndrome rate.

Methods:
The databases used were PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar in which a range of search was conducted. Literature analyzed were randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case control studies and observational studies in fibre glass and POP casts and their effect on compartment syndrome rate. The procedure of extraction of data involved the application of inclusion and exclusion factors, and for analysis, the study applied a random effects model pooled analysis. Finally, the subgroup and sensitivity analyses evaluated the overall stability of the results.

Results:
Study Inclusion: From this search, nine papers were identified involving 978 participants. Incidence Rates: The observed overall incidence of compartment syndrome was 8.9% (95 % CI: 6.84-11.42%) for fiberglass casts and 7.3 % (95 % CI 5.39-10.21%) for POP casts.

Statistical Analysis:
Again, there was no significant variation in the incidence rate as seen form the given P value of 0.742. Additional analyses of the study subgroup and sensitivity also supported the above findings. Begg’s test and funnel plots also did not indicate that any publication bias (P = 0.289).

Conclusions:
The systemic review demonstrates no statistical difference in the rates of compartment syndrome between fiberglass and POP casts. A treatment option should focus on these practical concerns as concerns weight, cost, and other useful considerations during the casting process while having a minuscule effect on the chances of getting compartment syndrome. Nonetheless, due to study heterogeneity and possible biases, these results should be best viewed with a pinch of salt.
Evaluating Sedation Methods for Paediatric Acute Asthma in Saudi Arabian Emergency Departments: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alasmari Saja Mohammed , Alshahrani Malath Saeed , Alharbi Ghada Saleh , Alhaid Taqi Abduladheem A. , Alnasser Ali Hussain , Kharaba Ayman , Albinsaad Loai Saleh 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The effective management of paediatric asthma is a critical health challenge globally, with Saudi Arabia witnessing a significant rise in cases amongst children. This study aims to scrutinise sedation practices in paediatric acute asthma within emergency departments, aligning with national and international guidelines. The goal is to identify and propagate best practices to improve asthma care universally, reflecting the urgency for enhanced management techniques in response to the growing prevalence of the condition.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed a range of emergency departments across Saudi Arabia, focusing on paediatric patients diagnosed with acute asthma and receiving sedation. Selection criteria were stringent to ensure a demographically representative sample. The study documented sedation methods through medical record analysis and direct observation, emphasising adherence to ethical protocols and data accuracy.

Results:
We evaluated sedation methods in 2,193 paediatric patients presenting with acute asthma across multiple emergency departments. The data illustrated a disparate range of sedation practices, suggesting an urgent need for standardisation. The overall effectiveness of the sedation techniques employed was modest, with a 51% success rate (n = 1119) across the board. More specifically, the reliability of propofol-based intravenous sedation was slightly lower, with a 48% effectiveness rate (n = 1053). Alarmingly, the occurrence of adverse events was notably high, with incidence rates spanning from 50% (n = 1097) to 53.1% (n = 1163) across the various sedation techniques, underscoring serious safety issues. Patient satisfaction mirrored this trend of moderate assurance, standing at 49% (n = 1075). Upon statistical evaluation, no significant disparities were found in sedation levels or in the correlation of sedation methods with respiratory, cardiovascular or psychological complications, underscoring a critical need for ongoing research to refine and optimise sedation protocols.

Conclusions:
The study reveals a significant variation in the sedation methods employed for paediatric acute asthma cases in Saudi emergency departments, with a moderate level of confidence in these practices and a concerning rate of adverse events. These findings suggest a pressing need for the development of standardised sedation protocols to improve patient outcomes. Through this research, we aim to catalyse advancements in emergency asthma care, with the potential to influence practices both within Saudi Arabia and internationally.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections amongst Infants in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alzahrani Hayat Yahya , Alholais Anoud Mohammed , Almoaebd Rhmh , Alharbi Lama Banadr , Almaeidi Abdullah Amer , Alofi Faisal Abdalalah , Alshammari Mai Khalid , Aleid Mohammed Sami , Alruwaili Wajod Ghazi , Alqorashi Meaad Hossain , Almaymuni Saleh Mohammed , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The study begins within the broad context of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a significant cause of respiratory tract infections globally, particularly severe among infants and young children. This research specifically focuses on RSV infections in Saudi Arabian infants, highlighting the need to understand its prevalence and risk factors in this demographic. The objectives are to identify the level of awareness about RSV amongst parents and caregivers in Saudi Arabia, to determine the association of neonatal risk factors with RSV infections and to assess the impact of exclusive breastfeeding and exposure to tobacco smoke.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was employed to investigate RSV infections amongst Saudi Arabian infants aged 0–12 months. The study included a sample of 2044 participants, recruited from hospitals, healthcare centres, and communities across Saudi Arabia. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, medical record reviews and nasopharyngeal swabs to confirm RSV infection status. The study variables included demographic data, clinical history and environmental exposure factors.

Results:
The study found that a significant majority (80.1%) of participants were not aware of RSV. Only 11.0% were aware of preventive measures against RSV infections. In terms of neonatal risk factors, premature birth, low birth weight and neonatal intensive care unit stays were significantly associated with increased susceptibility to RSV infections. Exclusive breastfeeding emerged as a protective factor, while exposure to tobacco smoke was identified as a significant risk factor. The prevalence of RSV infections in the studied population was 19.9%.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that there is a critical lack of awareness about RSV amongst parents and caregivers in Saudi Arabia. The findings emphasise the importance of neonatal risk factors in the susceptibility to RSV infections. The protective role of exclusive breastfeeding and the harmful impact of tobacco smoke exposure are highlighted, suggesting the need for public health interventions. These include educational campaigns to raise awareness and the implementation of preventive measures to mitigate RSV risk factors. The study underscores the necessity of further research to explore additional risk factors and the long-term impacts of RSV infections on infant health.
Menstrual Irregularities and Mental Health: A Cross-sectional Exploration among Saudi Arabian Women
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alanazi Reema Abdulrahman , Mustafa Sara Adel , Bahakeem Reem Faisal , Baroom Khulood Khaled , Alharbi Ruba Ibrahim , Almubark Hawraa Abdalmunem , Ahmed Rufaida Alhafiz Alsayed M. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The menstrual cycle is an integral facet of women’s reproductive health, with irregularities presenting both physical and emotional challenges. Irregularities encompass symptoms such as abnormal bleeding patterns, prolonged periods and irregular cycles. However, the implications of these irregularities extend beyond physical discomfort, potentially impacting emotional and mental well-being. Specifically, in the context of Saudi Arabia, there exists a noticeable gap in comprehensive research investigating the association between menstrual irregularities and mental health outcomes. This study seeks to bridge this gap, aiming to explore the prevalence of menstrual irregularities among Saudi Arabian women and to closely examine their relationship with mental health outcomes, especially concerning psychological distress, anxiety and depression.

Methods:
For this investigation, a cross-sectional study design was chosen as the most apt. The target population consisted of Saudi Arabian women, specifically those aged between 18 and 45 years. These participants were meticulously recruited to participate and were tasked with completing self-report questionnaires. These questionnaires were intricately designed to extract detailed information regarding their menstrual irregularities, their mental health outcomes, the impact of these irregularities on their daily functioning and their patterns of healthcare utilisation.

Results:
On initial analysis of the collected data, a prominent correlation emerged between menstrual irregularities and heightened levels of psychological distress among the participating women. In addition, while the study was laden with a myriad of details, what stood out the most was how these menstrual irregularities deeply impacted the daily lives of the participants. A significant number of participants reported substantial disruptions in their social relationships and a noticeable decline in their overall quality of life due to these irregularities.

Conclusion:
This research ventured into the intricate landscape of the relationship between menstrual irregularities and mental health among Saudi Arabian women. The outcomes of the study have significant implications. They underscore the paramount importance of understanding menstrual health as a fundamental pillar of a woman’s overall well-being. With the findings revealing a close linkage between menstrual irregularities and heightened psychological distress, the study highlights an urgent and unmet need for devising targeted interventions and support systems tailored specifically for this demographic. The insights drawn from this research are poised to act as a guide, aiding healthcare providers and policymakers in making more informed and empathetic decisions.
Sparse joint representation for massive MIMO satellite uplink and downlink based on dictionary learning
Authors: Guan Qing‐Yang , Wu Shuang , Miao Zhuang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe address the challenge of jointly representing uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) channels for a massive multiple‐input multiple‐output satellite system. We employ dictionary learning for sparse representation with the goal of minimizing the number of UL/DL pilots and improving accuracy. Additionally, by considering the angular reciprocity, a common dictionary support can be established to enhance the performance. However, what type of dictionary model is suited for UL/DL channel representation remains an unknown field. Previous research has utilized predefined dictionaries, such as DFT or ODFT bases, which are unable to adapt to dynamic scenarios. Training dictionaries have demonstrated the potential to significantly improve accuracy; however, a lack of analysis regarding dictionary constraints exists. To address this issue, we analyze the conditional constraints of the dictionary for joint UL/DL channel representation, aiming to quantify the maximum boundary while proposing a constrained dictionary learning algorithm with singular value decomposition to obtain an effective representation and conduct an adaptability analysis in dynamic satellite communication scenarios.
The impact of a mental health-focused ethics lecture on pharmacy students’ perceptions of patients with mental illness: An observational study
Authors: White Samara , Demler Tammie Lee , O’Donnell Carolyn , Lee Claudia 
Published: January 2025

Background: Societal perspectives that involve negative ideation and stereotyping behaviours from health care providers, even those still in training, toward individuals diagnosed with serious mental illness can reduce the likelihood of successful outcomes.
Objective: To examine the impact of didactic, lecture-based, educational interventions on reducing the stigma of mental illness among pharmacy students.
Methods: A survey was distributed pre- and post-lecture to all third-year pharmacy students who attended an “Ethics of Mental Health” lecture in 2021 and 2022. Data were collected and analysed using T-tests. Statistical significance was determined with an alpha of 0.05.
Results: Higher affirmative post-survey responses were observed in 2022 (average 15.46%) and 2021 (average 9.5%). Respondents approved all controversial ethical rights except voting which was the only survey question with less positive responses-1.23% was allowed the right to vote. Respondents supported the rights to refuse medications and COVID-19 vaccinations, to engage in sexual relationships, to be given erectile dysfunction medications while hospitalised, and for gun ownership post-hospitalisation.
Conclusion: Simple didactic dialogue about controversial topics, like those leading to potential discrimination, can be a productive avenue to ensure the development of non-biased clinicians.
Pengaruh Anti-Depresan dari Formulasi Sediaan Inhalasi Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum Conyzoides L.) pada Model Hewan Depresi
Authors: Jaya Muhammad Alim , Gayatri Sri Wahyuni , Wijaya Muhammad Fajrin , Pratama Melanie Ajeng , Nurhikma Nurhikma 
Published: January 2025

Depresi merupakan gangguan suasana hati paling banyak di masyarakat, yang ditandai dengan perasaan sedih yang menetap. Antidepresan merupakan farmakologi utama dalam penanganan gangguan depresi. Namun, antidepresan memiliki kerja yang cukup lama dan efek samping yang besar. Sehingga diperlukan alternatif obat dengan efek samping yang kurang dan lebih efektif. Ageratum conyzoides L. merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologi. Selain itu, belum ada pemberian obat secara inhalasi pada pasien depresi. Padahal, sediaan inhalasi dapat membantu penggunaan obat menjadi mudah dan praktis. Untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh sediaan inhalasi dari Ageratum conyzoides L. dalam memperbaiki gejala depresi pada mus musculus. Mus musculus dibagi secara acak dalam 6 kelompok (n=4), yaitu: 1) kontrol normal; 2) kontrol negatif: pemberian chronic mild stress (CMS); 3) Kontrol positif: pemberian CMS + fluoxetine 0,05 mg/kgBB; 4) Perlakuan 1: pemberian CMS + ekstrak Ageratum conyzoides L. (150 mg/kgBB); 5) Perlakuan 2: pemberian CMS + ekstrak Ageratum conyzoides L. (250 mg/kgBB); 6) Perlakuan 3: pemberian CMS + ekstrak Ageratum conyzoides L. (350 mg/kgBB) selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya, Forced Swimming Test dilakukan untuk menilai pengaruh Ageratum conyzoides L. dalam memperbaiki gejala mirip depresi pada mus musculus. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3. Dan, kelompok perlakuan 2 memiliki kecenderungan lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok perlakuan lainnya dalam memperbaiki gejala mirip depresi. Ini menunjukkan kemungkinan potensi efek antidepresan dari ekstrak ini yang serupa dengan fluoxetine. Ageratum conyzoides L. memperbaiki gejala mirip depresi pada mus musculus dan mungkin memiliki mekanisme kerja yang mirip dengan fluoxetine.
Pengaruh Integritas dan Kapabilitas Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai melalui Profesionalisme
Authors: Siahaan Aloysius Lambok 
Published: January 2025

This research aimed to determine the effect of work integrity and work capability on employee performance through professionalism at Prime Customs and Excise office Type A Tanjung Priok (KPUBC Type A Tanjung Priok). This research was a quantitative method with an explanatory research approach. The instrument used in this research was questionnaire arranged on a five-point Likert scale. 293 respondents who are active employees at Prime Customs and Excise office Type A Tanjung Priok (KPUBC Type A Tanjung Priok) were taken as the sample. The data were analyzed using SEM-PLS method with SmartPLS software version 3.2.29. The results of the research using the SEM-PLS method showed that integrity had a positive and significant effect on employee professionalism and employee performance. Work capability had a positive and significant effect on employee professionalism and employee performance. Professionalism had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and partially mediated the integrity and employee performance, and partially mediated work capability and employee performance.