bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, cost, and mortality of neutropenia hospitalization associated with chemotherapy
Authors: Caggiano Vincent , Weiss Richard V. , Rickert Timothy S. , Linde‐Zwirble Walter T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeutropenia is a common side effect of chemotherapy, often requiring hospitalization for treatment of severe cases. Neutropenia hospitalization (NH) rates have been reported in individual studies, but national estimates are needed.METHODSChemotherapy‐induced NHs were identified in the 1999 hospital discharge data bases from 7 states. Cancer and chemotherapy prevalence data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the National Cancer Data Base were used to calculate national NH rates for 13 cancer types. NH cost was estimated by multiplying charges by institution‐specific, cost‐to‐charge ratios from the 1999 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Cost Report. NH incidence was projected to national levels using population data from the United States Census and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.RESULTSThere were 20,780 discharges with documentation of cancer, chemotherapy, and neutropenia identified. Projecting to national levels, NH incidence was estimated at 60,294 cases (7.83 cases per 1000 cancer patients). The mean NH cost was $13,372. The mortality rate among patients with NH was estimated at 6.8% or 1 death for every 14 hospitalized patients. Among 13 selected cancer types, the NH rate was 34.20 cases per 1000 patients receiving chemotherapy (1 in 29 patients). NH was particularly common in patients with hematologic tumors, with an incidence of 43.3 cases per 1000 patients with such tumors (1 in 23 patients). The average NH cost for hematologic malignancies was $20,400, more than double the cost of NH for solid tumors.CONCLUSIONSAccording to the current study, NH affects > 60,000 patients with cancer each year in the United States, with an average cost of $13,372 per hospitalization and an associated inpatient mortality rate of 6.8%. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
About smoothness of solutions of the heat equations in closed, smooth space‐time domains
Authors: Dong Hongjie 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe consider the probabilistic solutions of the heat equation u = u + f in D, where D is a bounded domain in ℝ2 = {(x1, x2)} of class C2k. We give sufficient conditions for u to have kth‐order continuous derivatives with respect to (x1, x2) in D̄ for integers k ≥ 2. The equation is supplemented with C2k boundary data, and we assume that f ϵ C2(k−1). We also prove that our conditions are sharp by examples in the border cases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quantitative compactness estimate for scalar conservation laws
Authors: de Lellis Camillo , Golse François 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn the case of a scalar conservation law with convex flux in space dimension one, P. D. Lax proved [Comm. Pure and Appl. Math. 7 (1954)] that the semigroup defining the entropy solution is compact in L for each positive time. The present note gives an estimate of the ϵ‐entropy in L of the set of entropy solutions at time t > 0 whose initial data run through a bounded set in L1. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sternberg theorems for random dynamical systems
Authors: Li Weigu , Lu Kening 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the smooth conjugacy theorems of Sternberg type for random dynamical systems based on their Lyapunov exponents. We also present a stable and unstable manifold theorem with tempered estimates that are used to construct conjugacy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystallographic and Electrochemical Characteristics of La0.7Mg0.3Ni5.0−x(Al0.5Mo0.5)x Hydrogen‐Storage Alloys
Authors: Zhang Xin Bo , Sun Dan Zi , Yin Wen Ya , Chai Yu Jun , Zhao Min Shou 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe structure, hydrogen‐storage property and electrochemical characteristics of La0.7Mg0.3Ni5.0−x(Al0.5Mo0.5)x (x=0–0.8) hydrogen‐storage alloys have been studied systematically. X‐ray diffraction Rietveld analysis shows that all the alloys consist of an La(La,Mg)2Ni9 phase and an LaNi5 phase. The pressure–composition isotherms indicate that the hydrogen‐storage capacity first increases and then decreases with increasing x, and the equilibrium pressure decreases with increasing x. Electrochemical measurements show that the maximum discharge capacity and the exchange‐current density of the alloy electrodes increase as x increases from 0 to 0.6 and then decrease when x increases further from 0.6 to 0.8. Moreover, the low‐temperature dischargeability of the alloy electrodes increases monotonically with increasing x in the alloys.
Wetting of Surfactant Solutions by Alkanes
Authors: Wilkinson Katherine M. , Bain Colin D. , Matsubara Hiroki , Aratono Makoto 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEllipsometry, surface tensiometry, and contact‐angle measurement have been used to study the transition between partial wetting and pseudo‐partial wetting of surfactant solutions by alkanes. In the partial wetting regime, the air–water surface tension is the same with and without alkane. In the pseudo‐partial wetting regime, the air–water surface tension is lowered by the presence of alkane, showing that oil is solubilised into the surfactant monolayer. A discontinuous change in the coefficient of ellipticity with increasing surfactant concentration provides unequivocal evidence for the first‐order nature of the wetting transitions. Ellipsometry has been used to explore the generality of wetting transitions of alkanes (dodecane, hexadecane, and squalane) on surfactant solutions [dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetredecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dibucaine hydrochloride, and Aerosol OT (AOT)]. Of the systems studied, only hexadecane on AOT solutions did not show a wetting transition. Excess alkane remains as a lens on the surface of the surfactant solutions at all concentrations, but the contact angle is a minimum at the wetting transition. A semiquantitative model for the variation of the contact angle with surfactant concentration is provided.
Performance of numerical methods on the non‐unique solution to the Riemann problem for the shallow water equations
Authors: Andrianov Nikolai 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor certain initial conditions, the exact solution to the Riemann problem for the shallow water equations is not unique. We test the performance of several numerical methods on such initial data and establish that the numerical solution can pick out different exact solutions. Moreover, the numerical solution does not necessarily converge towards the picked‐out exact solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Very large inverse problems in atmosphere and ocean modelling
Authors: Johnson C. , Nichols N. K. , Hoskins B. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor the very large nonlinear dynamical systems that arise in a wide range of physical, biological and environmental problems, the data needed to initialize a numerical forecasting model are seldom available. To generate accurate estimates of the expected states of the system, both current and future, the technique of ‘data assimilation’ is used to combine the numerical model predictions with observations of the system measured over time. Assimilation of data is an inverse problem that for very large‐scale systems is generally ill‐posed. In four‐dimensional variational assimilation schemes, the dynamical model equations provide constraints that act to spread information into data sparse regions, enabling the state of the system to be reconstructed accurately. The mechanism for this is not well understood. Singular value decomposition techniques are applied here to the observability matrix of the system in order to analyse the critical features in this process. Simplified models are used to demonstrate how information is propagated from observed regions into unobserved areas. The impact of the size of the observational noise and the temporal position of the observations is examined. The best signal‐to‐noise ratio needed to extract the most information from the observations is estimated using Tikhonov regularization theory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraosseous IL‐6 transgenic mouse plasmacytoma sometimes lacks Myc‐activating chromosomal translocation
Authors: McNeil Nicole , Kim Joong Su , Ried Thomas , Janz Siegfried 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe cellular oncogene MYC and plasma cell growth, differentiation, and survival factor IL‐6 play critical roles in the natural history of human plasma cell neoplasms such as multiple myeloma (MM). Myc and IL‐6 also are at the center of neoplastic plasma cell transformation in BALB/c mice that carry a human IL‐6 transgene and, therefore, predictably develop plasmacytomas (PCTs). We showed previously that, much like advanced MM or human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), in which MYC is frequently deregulated in cis because of complex cytogenetic aberrations juxtaposing MYC to immunoglobulin enhancers, IL‐6 transgenic PCTs commonly deregulate Myc in cis by chromosomal translocation, predominantly T(12;15)(Igh–Myc). In this article, we show that, analogous to primary MM in which MYC is mostly deregulated in trans by signaling pathways converging at the MYC promoter, IL‐6 transgenic PCTs sometimes develop in the absence of Myc translocations, thus activating Myc in trans. We present cytogenetic and molecular evidence on two IL‐6 transgenic PCTs that contained overexpressed Myc protein but lacked T(12;15)(Igh–Myc) and two related Myc–‐deregulating translocations that juxtapose Myc to immunoglobulin light‐chain instead of heavy‐chain enhancers: T(6;15)(Igκ–Pvt1) and T(15;16)(Pvt1–Igλ). We conclude that Myc translocations are not strictly required for IL‐6‐driven PCT development in mice. IL‐6 transgenic PCTs may provide a valuable model system for elucidating both trans and cis mechanisms of Myc deregulation of great relevance for MYC deregulation in human MM. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation of floods caused by overloaded sewer systems: extensions of shallow‐water equations
Authors: Hilden Michael 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe outflow of water from a manhole onto a street is a typical flow problem within the simulation of floods in urban areas that are caused by overloaded sewer systems in the event of heavy rains. The reliable assessment of the flood risk for the connected houses requires accurate simulations of the water flow processes in the sewer system and in the street.The Navier–Stokes equations (NSEs) describe the free surface flow of the fluid water accurately, but since their numerical solution requires high CPU times and much memory, their application is not practical. However, their solutions for selected flow problems are applied as reference states to assess the results of other model approaches.The classical shallow‐water equations (SWEs) require only fractions (factor 1/100) of the NSEs' computational effort. They assume hydrostatic pressure distribution, depth‐averaged horizontal velocities and neglect vertical velocities. These shallow‐water assumptions are not fulfilled for the outflow of water from a manhole onto the street. Accordingly, calculations show differences between NSEs and SWEs solutions.The SWEs are extended in order to assess the flood risks in urban areas reliably within applicable computational efforts. Separating vortex regions from the main flow and approximating vertical velocities to involve their contributions into a pressure correction yield suitable results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of a free radical‐scavenging antioxidant from water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)
Authors: Prasad K Nagendra , Divakar Soundar , Shivamurthy Gyarahally R , Aradhya Somaradhya Mallikarjuna 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIpomoea aquatica Forsk, a green leafy vegetable that is a rich source of vitamins and amino acids with many health benefits, has been explored for the isolation and identification of its bioactive compounds. Activity‐guided repeated fractionation of a methanol extract on a silica gel column followed by an XAD column yielded a compound that exhibited antioxidant activity with an EC50 value of 83 ± 1.02 µg ml−1 reaction mixture. It also showed very strong lipid peroxidation‐inhibitory activity in a liposome model system with an EC50 value of 72.2 ± 0.9 µg ml−1. However, it showed negligible metal‐chelating activity. Based on UV, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry studies, the compound was tentatively identified to be 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐dihydroquercetin‐3‐O‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside. This is the first report on the antioxidant properties of I aquatica leaf extracts. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Viscous two‐fluid flows in perturbed unbounded domains
Authors: Pileckas K. , Socolowsky J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo stationary plane free boundary value problems for the Navier‐Stokes equations are studied. The first problem models the viscous two‐fluid flow down a perturbed or slightly distorted inclined plane. The second one describes the viscous two‐fluid flow in a perturbed or slightly distorted channel. For sufficiently small data and under certain conditions on parameters the solvability and uniqueness results are proved for both problems. The asymptotic behaviour of the solutions is investigated. For the second problem an example of nonuniqueness is constructed. Computational results of flow problems that are very close to the above problems are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance measures in Friedreich ataxia: Potential utility as clinical outcome tools
Authors: Lynch David R. , Farmer Jennifer M. , Wilson Robert L. , Balcer Laura J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough several neuroprotective agents have been proposed as potential therapies in Friedreich ataxia (FA), clinical trials of their efficacy are limited by a lack of sensitive outcome measures. We assessed whether performance measures (nine‐hole peg test, the timed 25‐foot walk, and low‐contrast letter acuity) provide valid measures of disease status in FA. Scores for each measure correlated significantly with neurologic disability and disease duration. Rank correlations between scores for performance measures were moderate in magnitude, suggesting that the each test captures separate yet related dimensions of neurological function in FA. Linear regression models demonstrated that scores from the nine‐hole peg test and the timed 25‐foot walk (after reciprocal transformation) were predicted by age and triplet repeat length in patients with FA. In addition, comparison of the temporal courses of change for each performance measure demonstrated that scores from the timed 25‐foot walk change early in the course of FA, nine‐hole peg test scores change slowly over the full course of the disorder, and low‐contrast letter acuity scores change in the later stages of the disease. Thus, a composite scale derived from these performance measures may provide the best overall measure for assessing disease progression throughout the illness. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Test‐retest reliability of four questionnaires for patients with overactive bladder: The overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB‐q), patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC), urgency questionnaire (UQ), and the primary OAB symptom questionnaire (POSQ)
Authors: Matza Louis S. , Thompson Christine L. , Krasnow Joel , Brewster‐Jordan Jessica , Zyczynski Teresa , Coyne Karin S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAimsThis study examined test‐retest reliability of four patient‐reported outcome measures for patients with overactive bladder (OAB): Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB‐q), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), Urgency Questionnaire (UQ), and Primary OAB Symptom Questionnaire (POSQ).MethodsPatients recruited from urology clinics were scheduled for two visits 2 weeks apart and completed all questionnaires at both visits. A demographic form was completed at Visit 1; and a treatment effect scale was completed at Visit 2. Test‐retest reliability was examined among stable patients using intraclass correlations (ICC), Spearman's correlations, paired t‐tests, Feldt's statistic, and kappas.ResultsA total of 47 patients enrolled (mean age = 66.0 years, 74.5% female), with 46 completing both visits; 35 were classified stable. Statistically significant correlations were present between Visits 1 and 2 (P < 0.05) for all subscales of the OAB‐q, UQ, and POSQ. Subscale ICCs were moderate to high (OAB‐q ≥ 0.83, UQ ≥ 0.46, POSQ continuous items ≥ 0.68). No significant differences between Visit 1 and 2 were noted, except for the OAB‐q symptom bother scale (change of 5.8 points on a 100‐point scale). The multi‐item subscales of the OAB‐q and the UQ demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.83 for all subscales) across both visits. Test‐retest reliability of the PPBC was somewhat weaker than the other three measures, but still acceptable for use as a global, single‐item outcome measure.ConclusionsThe OAB‐q, POSQ, and UQ demonstrated good test‐retest reliability, with ICCs roughly equivalent or superior to those previously reported for 7‐day micturition diaries. Findings suggest that the four measures examined in this study demonstrate the necessary reproducibility for use as outcome measures for OAB treatments. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algorithms for solving the conditional covering problem on paths
Authors: Lunday Brian J. , Smith J. Cole , Goldberg Jeffrey B. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractConsider the conditional covering problem on an undirected graph, where each node represents a site that must be covered by a facility, and facilities may only be established at these nodes. Each facility can cover all sites that lie within some common covering radius, except the site at which it is located. Although this problem is difficult to solve on general graphs, there exist special structures on which the problem is easily solvable. In this paper, we consider the special case in which the graph is a simple path. For the case in which facility location costs do not vary based on the site, we derive characteristics of the problem that lead to a linear‐time shortest path algorithm for solving the problem. When the facility location costs vary according to the site, we provide a more complex, but still polynomial‐time, dynamic programming algorithm to find the optimal solution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Cell turnover of serrated adenomas
Authors: Ladas Spiros D , Kitsanta Panagiota , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Tzathas Charalampos , Spiliadi Charis , Raptis Sotirios A 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSerrated adenomas of the colon are characterized by epithelial neoplasia combining the architectural features of hyperplastic polyps and the cytological features of adenomas. Cell turnover, which is related to the malignant potential of these polyps, has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate epithelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oncoprotein expression in serrated adenomas. Twenty‐five hyperplastic polyps, 25 serrated adenomas, and 25 tubulovillous adenomas resected from the colons of 75 patients were studied by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies against MIB‐1, Bcl‐2, Bax, p53, and the TUNEL method for the detection of apoptosis. In serrated adenomas, the proliferation rate was significantly lower than in tubulovillous adenomas in both the lower and the upper parts of the crypts, and higher than that of hyperplastic polyps. Apoptosis was also significantly lower in serrated than in tubulovillous adenomas, but higher than in hyperplastic polyps. p53 oncoprotein expression was significantly greater in both serrated and tubulovillous adenomas than in hyperplastic polyps. bcl‐2 protein expression was higher only in tubulovillous adenomas. Bax index was significantly different between tubullovillous and serrated adenomas, but the lowest values were observed in hyperplastic polyps. Serrated adenomas are highly proliferative polyps. They should be considered a biologically different entity from hyperplastic polyps. The intermediate features between serrated adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, and tubulovillous adenomas using the antibodies analysed in this study could have implications for the rate or the mechanism of development of malignancy in this type of polyp. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary function impairment in children following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wieringa J. , van Kralingen K.W. , Sont J.K. , Bresters D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundDeterioration of pulmonary function after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a well‐known late effect of this treatment, but the course of pulmonary function over time is less clear. The aim of our study was to establish both the prevalence and course of pulmonary function abnormalities in children following SCT.MethodsThirty‐nine of 106 patients, who visited a post‐SCT late effects clinic and who underwent a pulmonary function test (PFT) both before and at least twice after SCT were included in this study. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), and total lung diffusion capacity (TLCO) were determined and recorded as percentage predicted for age, sex, and length matched controls. Values of less than 80% of predicted were considered abnormal. Change in PFT parameters over time was determined by comparing the mean PFT parameter in our group at three different time points: pre‐SCT, ≤1 year post‐SCT (SCTpost1) and >1 year post‐SCT (SCTpost2).ResultsAfter SCT restrictive and/or diffusion abnormalities are most prevalent (45% and 76% at SCTpost1, respectively). A significant decrease of TLC (−9.7%) and TLCO (−20.3%) was observed during the first year after SCT, with improvement over time, but no normalization. Obstructive lung disease was less common (6% at SCTpost1). Clinical signs of lung function impairment were rare.ConclusionsRestrictive and diffusion lung function disorders are common after SCT. They improve over time but do not normalize. As only a few patients with pulmonary function abnormalities had clinical signs of lung function impairment, the clinical relevance of performing long‐term follow‐up of PFT is questionable. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.