bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of phenylbutazone, firocoxib, and dipyrone on the diuretic response to furosemide in horses
Authors: White Julianne M. , Colbath Aimee C. , Schott Harold C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment with phenylbutazone (nonselective COX inhibitor) decreases the diuretic and natriuretic effects of furosemide by nearly 30% but the effects of COX‐2 specific inhibitors (firocoxib) and atypical NSAIDs (dipyrone) are unknown.HypothesisFurosemide‐induced diuresis after pretreatment with firocoxib or dipyrone is diminished to a lesser extent than after pretreatment with phenylbutazone.AnimalsEight healthy mares.MethodsEach mare received 4 treatments in a prospective experimental crossover study using a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design: furosemide alone (FU), furosemide and phenylbutazone (PB), furosemide and firocoxib (FX), and furosemide and dipyrone (DP). After 24 hours of NSAID treatment at recommended dosages, ureteral catheters were placed for continual urine collection. After a 30‐minute baseline collection period, furosemide (1.0 mg/kg, IV) was administered, and urine and blood samples were collected for 4 hours. Data were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsFour‐hour urine volume was (mean ± SD) ~25% less (P < .001) after pretreatment with all NSAIDs (PB 19.1 ± 2.1 mL/kg, FX 17.7 ± 3.5 mL/kg, DP 19.1 ± 3.9 mL/kg), as compared to FU (23.4 ± 5.1 mL/kg) (P < .001), but there were no differences between PB, FX, or DP. Interindividual variability in furosemide diuresis after pretreatment with different NSAIDs was observed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThough COX‐2 selective NSAIDs and dipyrone might have less severe or fever gastrointestinal adverse effects in horses, our data suggest minimal differences in effects on furosemide‐induced diuresis, and possibly, risk of nephrotoxicosis.
Experiences of intensive care nurses providing care to the victims of Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
Authors: Çetinkaya Özdemir Serap , Semerci Çakmak Vahide , Ziyai Nasibe Yağmur , Çakir Emine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTwo earthquakes of magnitude 7.7 and 7.6 occurred in the Turkish province of Kahramanmaraş in 2023. The earthquakes resulted in serious losses of life and property in 11 provinces, and the injured were transferred to other provinces for treatment and care. To date, no studies on the experiences of intensive care nurses providing care to earthquake victims after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence have been identified.AimThe aim of the present study is to explore the experiences of intensive care nurses providing care to earthquake victims who were transferred to other provinces.Study DesignA qualitative descriptive research design with conventional content analysis was used. Snowball sampling was used in the selection of intensive care nurses. Data saturation was achieved with 20 nurses. In‐depth interviews were conducted with the participants through phone between March 8 and March 15, 2023. MAXQDA 20 software was used for data analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to guide the reporting of the study.ResultsTwenty nurses were recruited. Four themes emerged from the data: challenges in caregiving processes; psychological challenges; ethical situations; urgent need for training and support.ConclusionsAfter the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence, described by some as the disaster of the century, nurses encountered patients with unique needs that they had never encountered before and tried to cope with the constantly changing health conditions. For this reason, they were affected psychologically and experienced challenges in caregiving processes.Relevance to Clinical PracticeConducting comprehensive training for diseases common among earthquake victims, developing new protocols for providing care to earthquake victims, developing more action plans for nurses, and psychologically supporting intensive care nurses would facilitate the caregiving processes.
Nonstructural carbohydrate dynamics' relationship to leaf development under varying environments
Authors: Blumstein Meghan , Oseguera Miranda , Caso‐McHugh Theresa , Des Marais David L. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Leaf‐out in temperate forests is a critical transition point each spring and advancing with global change. The mechanism linking phenological variation to external cues is poorly understood. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) availability may be key.
Here, we use branch cuttings from northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and measure NSCs throughout bud development in branch tissue. Given genes and environment influence phenology, we placed branches in an arrayed factorial experiment (three temperatures × two photoperiods, eight genotypes) to examine their impact on variation in leaf‐out timing and corresponding NSCs.
Despite significant differences in leaf‐out timing between treatments, NSC patterns were much more consistent, with all treatments and genotypes displaying similar NSC concentrations across phenophases. Notably, the moderate and hot temperature treatments reached the same NSC concentrations and phenophases at the same growing degree days (GDD), but 20 calendar days apart, while the cold treatment achieved only half the GDD of the other two.
Our results suggest that NSCs are coordinated with leaf‐out and could act as a molecular clock, signaling to cells the passage of time and triggering leaf development to begin. This link between NSCs and budburst is critical for improving predictions of phenological timing.
Functional comparison of phototropin from the liverworts Apopellia endiviifolia and Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Yong Lee‐Kien , Keino Issei , Kanna Yui , Noguchi Minoru , Fujisawa Mami , Kodama Yutaka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhototropin (phot) is a blue light (BL) receptor and thermosensor that mediates chloroplast movements in plants. Liverworts, as early‐diverging plant species, have a single copy of PHOT gene, and the phot protein in each liverwort activates the signaling pathway adapted to its specific growing environment. In this study, we functionally compared phot from two different liverworts species: Apopellia endiviifolia (Aephot) and Marchantia polymorpha (Mpphot). The BL‐dependent photochemical activity of Aephot was similar to that of Mpphot, whereas the thermochemical activity of Aephot was lower than that of Mpphot. Therefore, the phot‐mediated signaling pathways of the two plant species may differ more in response to temperature than to BL. Furthermore, we analyzed the functional compatibility of Aephot and Mpphot in chloroplast movements by transiently expressing AePHOT or MpPHOT. The transient expression of AePHOT did not mediate chloroplast movement in M. polymorpha, showing the incompatibility of Aephot with the signaling pathway of M. polymorpha. By contrast, the transient expression of MpPHOT mediated chloroplast movement in A. endiviifolia, indicating the compatibility of Mpphot with the signaling pathway of A. endiviifolia. Our findings reveal both functional similarities and differences between Aephot and Mpphot proteins from the closely related liverworts.
The natural history of periodontal disease—Part 2: In populations with access to dental care: The Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)
Authors: Kocher Thomas , Meisel Peter , Biffar Reiner , Völzke Henry , Holtfreter Birte 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this descriptive analysis of the 21‐year follow‐up data from the SHIP‐START cohort and the 7‐year follow‐up data from the SHIP‐TREND cohort, we report the progression of clinical attachment levels (CAL), age effects on CAL change, and a detailed description of CAL progression and remission. At baseline, 4307 and 4420 persons participated in SHIP‐START and SHIP‐TREND, respectively. At the final follow‐up, 1181 and 2507 subjects were available for evaluation, respectively. In SHIP‐START and SHIP‐TREND participants, the mean CAL progressed by 0.04 and 0.02 mm/year, respectively. The older the participants were, the lower the average annual change in mean CAL (from 0.043 to 0.031 mm/year); annual tooth loss was 0.11–0.14 teeth/year. When participants were ranked according to their annual change in mean CAL, remission was more frequently observed in older subjects. To correctly understand the data, it is important to realize that selection bias due to dropouts during follow‐up favored younger and more health‐conscious persons. In addition, extraction of severely periodontally compromised teeth during follow‐up biased the progression towards zero. Another explanation for these low CAL progression rates is that most sites had little or no change in CAL; this means that CAL progression was partly offset by CAL remission. Therefore, changes in mean CAL do not adequately describe the temporal course of periodontitis. Older age was not a risk factor for CAL progression in either cohort.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia‐induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction: from adaptation to maladaptation
Authors: Arnaud Claire , Billoir Emma , de Melo Junior Antonio F. , Pereira Sofia A. , O'Halloran Ken D. , Monteiro Emilia C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the dominant pathological feature of human obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which is highly prevalent and associated with cardiovascular and renal diseases. CIH causes hypertension, centred on sympathetic nervous overactivity, which persists following removal of the CIH stimulus. Molecular mechanisms contributing to CIH‐induced hypertension have been carefully delineated. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the efficacy of interventions to ameliorate high blood pressure in established disease. CIH causes endothelial dysfunction, aberrant structural remodelling of vessels and accelerates atherosclerotic processes. Pro‐inflammatory and pro‐oxidant pathways converge on disrupted nitric oxide signalling driving vascular dysfunction. In addition, CIH has adverse effects on the myocardium, manifesting atrial fibrillation, and cardiac remodelling progressing to contractile dysfunction. Sympatho‐vagal imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulated HIF‐1α transcriptional responses and resultant pro‐apoptotic ER stress, calcium dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction conspire to drive myocardial injury and failure. CIH elaborates direct and indirect effects in the kidney that initially contribute to the development of hypertension and later to chronic kidney disease. CIH‐induced morphological damage of the kidney is dependent on TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome activation and associated pyroptosis. Emerging potential therapies related to the gut–kidney axis and blockade of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are promising. Cardiorenal outcomes in response to intermittent hypoxia present along a continuum from adaptation to maladaptation and are dependent on the intensity and duration of exposure to intermittent hypoxia. This heterogeneity of OSA is relevant to therapeutic treatment options and we argue the need for better stratification of OSA phenotypes.
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Jumping Exercise Combined With Collagen Supplementation Preserves Bone Mineral Density in Elite Cyclists
Authors: Hilkens Luuk , van Schijndel Nick , Weijer Vera C.R. , Decroix Lieselot , Bons Judith , van Loon Luc J.C. , van Dijk Jan-Willem 
Published: October 2023

This study assessed the effect of combined jump training and collagen supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in elite road-race cyclists. In this open-label, randomized study with two parallel groups, 36 young (21 ± 3 years) male (n = 8) and female (n = 28) elite road-race cyclists were allocated to either an intervention (INT: n = 18) or a no-treatment control (CON: n = 18) group. The 18-week intervention period, conducted during the off-season, comprised five 5-min bouts of jumping exercise per week, with each bout preceded by the ingestion of 15 g hydrolyzed collagen. Before and after the intervention, BMD of various skeletal sites and trabecular bone score of the lumbar spine were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, along with serum bone turnover markers procollagen Type I N propeptide and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of Type I collagen. BMD of the femoral neck decreased in CON (from 0.789 ± 0.104 to 0.774 ± 0.095 g/cm2), while being preserved in INT (from 0.803 ± 0.058 to 0.809 ± 0.066 g/cm2; Time × Treatment, p < .01). No differences between treatments were observed for changes in BMD at the total hip, lumbar spine, and whole body (Time × Treatment, p > .05 for all). Trabecular bone score increased from 1.38 ± 0.08 to 1.40 ± 0.09 in CON and from 1.46 ± 0.08 to 1.47 ± 0.08 in INT, respectively (time effect: p < .01), with no differences between treatments (Time × Treatment: p = .33). Serum procollagen Type I N propeptide concentrations decreased to a similar extent in CON (83.6 ± 24.8 to 71.4 ± 23.1 ng/ml) and INT (82.8 ± 30.7 to 66.3 ± 30.6; time effect, p < .001; Time × Treatment, p = .22). Serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of Type I collagen concentrations did not change over time, with no differences between treatments (time effect, p = .08; Time × Treatment, p = .58). In conclusion, frequent short bouts of jumping exercise combined with collagen supplementation beneficially affects femoral neck BMD in elite road-race cyclists.
Instructors’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teaching Online Exercise Classes to Older Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dagenais Matthieu , Krajnovic Aleksandra , Galway Sarah , Gammage Kimberley 
Published: October 2023

Online exercise programming has become increasingly popular in recent years, including for older adults. Instructors hold unique perspectives on such programming that could yield important insights for effective program design and delivery. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine instructors’ perceptions and experiences teaching exercise classes online to older adults. Using qualitative description, 19 instructors from a community exercise program for seniors completed a one-on-one semistructured interview. We analyzed data using reflexive thematic analysis and generated three main themes: (a) characteristics of effective online instructors, (b) challenges to delivering online exercise programming to older adults, and (c) future of online exercise programming. Most participants enjoyed delivering online exercise classes and developing the unique skills (particularly related to fostering social experiences and engaging with participants) required to be effective online exercise instructors. Our findings speak to the importance of ensuring instructors are adequately trained to deliver online exercise to seniors.
Resistance development in
Escherichia coli
to delafloxacin at pHs 6.0 and 7.3 compared to ciprofloxacin
Authors: Bösch Anja , Macha Magreth E. , Ren Qun , Kohler Philipp , Qi Weihong , Babouee Flury Baharak 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Understanding the resistance mechanisms of antibiotics in the micro-environment of the infection is important to assess their clinical applicability and potentially prevent resistance development. We compared the laboratory resistance evolution of
Escherichia coli
to delafloxacin (DLX) compared to ciprofloxacin (CIP), the co-resistance evolution, and underlying resistance mechanisms at different pHs. Three clones from each of the eight clinical
E. coli
isolates were subjected to subinhibitory concentrations of DLX or CIP in parallel at either pH 7.3 or 6.0. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were regularly tested (at respective pHs), and the antibiotic concentration was adjusted accordingly. After 30 passages, MICs were determined in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide. Whole genome sequencing of the parental isolates and their resistant derivatives (
n
= 54) was performed. Complementation assays were carried out for selected mutations. Quantitative PCR and efflux experiments were carried out for selected derivatives. For DLX-challenged strains, resistance to DLX evolved much slower in acidic than in neutral pH, whereas for CIP-challenged strains, the opposite was the case. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region were mainly seen in CIP-challenged
E. coli
, whereas a multifactorial mechanism including mutations in efflux-related genes played a role in DLX resistance evolution (predominantly at pH 6.0). This work provides novel insights into the resistance mechanisms of
E. coli
to delafloxacin and highlights the importance of understanding micro-environmental conditions at the infection site that might affect the true clinical efficacy of antibiotics and challenges our current antibiotic susceptibility-testing paradigm.
Use of genome sequencing to resolve differences in gradient diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing performance of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
isolates in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Ma Angela , Ferrato Christina , Martin Irene , Smyczek Petra , Gratrix Jennifer , Dingle Tanis C. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Agar dilution is the gold standard method for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
. However, this method is laborious and requires expertise, so laboratories that perform
N. gonorrhoeae
AST may choose alternative methods such as disk diffusion and gradient diffusion. In this study, we retrospectively compare the performance of gradient diffusion to agar dilution for 2,394 unique
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates identified in Alberta from 2017 to 2020 against azithromycin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline. Genome sequencing was utilized to resolve discrepancies between AST methods, detect antimicrobial resistance markers, and identify trends between error rates and sequence types (STs) of isolates. Over 90% of
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone, whereas decreased susceptibility was observed for ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline. Categorical (CA) and essential agreement (EA) was poorest between the two methods for penicillin (CA: 86.02%; EA: 77.69%) and tetracycline (CA: 47.22%; EA: 55.96%); however, the low CA was primarily attributed to minor errors. Antimicrobial agents with errors outside of acceptable limits included azithromycin (very major error: 18.42%; major error: 7.73%) and tetracycline (very major error: 6.17%). Genome sequencing on a subset of isolates resolved 30.3% of the azithromycin major errors and confirmed the azithromycin or tetracycline very major errors. Significant associations between certain STs and error types for azithromycin and tetracycline were also identified. Overall, gradient diffusion compared well to agar dilution for cefixime, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin, and genome sequencing was identified as a useful tool to arbitrate discrepant susceptibility testing results between gradient diffusion and agar dilution for
N. gonorrhoeae
.
Deep mutational scanning reveals the functional constraints and evolutionary potential of the influenza A virus PB1 protein
Authors: Li Yuan , Arcos Sarah , Sabsay Kimberly R. , te Velthuis Aartjan J. W. , Lauring Adam S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The influenza virus polymerase is central to influenza virus evolution. Adaptive mutations within the polymerase are often a prerequisite for efficient spread of novel animal-derived viruses in human populations. The polymerase also determines fidelity and, therefore, the rate at which the virus will acquire mutations that lead to host range expansion, drug resistance, or antigenic drift. Despite its importance to viral replication and evolution, our understanding of the mutational effects and associated constraints on the influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is relatively limited. We performed deep mutational scanning of the A/WSN/1933(H1N1) polymerase basic 1 (PB1), generating a library of 95.4% of amino acid substitutions at 757 sites. After accuracy filters, we were able to measure replicative fitness for 13,354 (84%) of all possible amino acid substitutions, and 13 were validated by results from pairwise competition assays. Functional and structural constraints were better revealed by individual sites involved in RNA or protein interactions than by major subdomains defined by sequence conservation. Mutational tolerance, as defined by site entropy, was correlated with evolutionary potential, as captured by diversity in the available H1N1 sequences. Of the 29 beneficial sites, many have either been identified in the natural evolution of PB1 or shown experimentally to have important impacts on replication and adaptation. Accessibility of amino acid substitutions by single nucleotide mutation was a key factor in determining whether mutations appeared in natural PB1 evolution. Our work provides a comprehensive map of mutational effects on a viral RdRp and a valuable resource for subsequent studies of influenza replication and evolution.

IMPORTANCE
The influenza virus polymerase is important for adaptation to new hosts and, as a determinant of mutation rate, for the process of adaptation itself. We performed a deep mutational scan of the polymerase basic 1 (PB1) protein to gain insights into the structural and functional constraints on the influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We find that PB1 is highly constrained at specific sites that are only moderately predicted by the global structure or larger domain. We identified a number of beneficial mutations, many of which have been shown to be functionally important or observed in influenza virus’ natural evolution. Overall, our atlas of PB1 mutations and their fitness impacts serves as an important resource for future studies of influenza replication and evolution.