bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free radical scavenging capacity and protective effect of Bacopa monniera L. on DNA damage
Authors: Russo Alessandra , Izzo Angelo A. , Borrelli Francesca , Renis Marcella , Vanella Angelo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBacopa monniera L. (family Scrophulariaceae) (BM) is an Ayurvedic medicine, clinically used for memory enhancing, epilepsy, insomnia and as a mild sedative. In this work, the free radical scavenging capacity of a methanol extract of BM and the effect on DNA cleavage induced by H2O2 UV‐photolysis was investigated. In addition, we examined whether this plant extract is capable of reducing the hydrogen peroxide‐induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human non‐immortalized ﬁbroblasts. It showed a dose‐dependent free radical scavenging capacity and a protective effect on DNA cleavage. These results were conﬁrmed by a signiﬁcant protective effect on H2O2 – induced cytoxicity and DNA damage in human non‐immortalized ﬁbroblasts. The antioxidant capacity of BM may explain, at least in part, the reported antistress, immunomodulatory, cognition‐facilitating, antiinﬂammatory and antiaging effects produced by it in experimental animals and in clinical situations and may justify further investigation of its other beneﬁcial properties. Moreover, this experimental evidence suggests that because of its antioxidant activity, this Ayurvedic drug may be useful in the treatment of human pathologies in which free radical production plays a key role. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protection of brain cells against AMPA‐induced damage by Asiasari radix extracts
Authors: Han Yong , Kwon Eun Hee , Kim Sung‐Jin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe determined whether Asiasari Radix (AR) extracts have protective actions in brain cells. Methanol extracts of Asiasari Radix (fraction 1) have signiﬁcant inhibitory effects on the AMPA‐induced rat cortical depolarization in the grease gap assay. In differentiated PC12 cells, it almost completely protected against AMPA‐induced cell death. In addition, it had some protective actions in C6 glial cells death induced by AMPA. The methanol extracts (fraction 1) of AR were subsequently fractionated into chloroform‐(fraction 2), chloroform/methanol‐(3:1) (fraction 3), methanol‐soluble (fraction 4) and methanol‐insoluble, water‐soluble fractions (fraction 5). Among these, fraction 4 had the strongest inhibitory effects against AMPA‐induced cell death in the PC 12 cells and also dramatically inhibited AMPA‐induced depolarization of rat brain cortex in the grease gap assay. Interestingly, fraction 4 blocked the Zn‐induced oxidative damages in C6 glial cells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of alkylated benzoquinones from Maesa lanceolata
Authors: Muhammad Ilias , Takamatsu Satoshi , Walker Larry A. , Mossa Jaber S. , Fong Harry H. S. , El‐Feraly Farouk S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe natural and semi‐synthetic analogs of substituted 1,4‐benzoquinones were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Maesanin, dihydromaesanin, maesanin dimethyl ether and isomeric mixtures of 3‐[(Z)‐10′‐pentadecenyl]‐benzoquinone derivatives exhibited cytotoxic activity against HL‐60 cell line (IC50 values 4.5, 2.2, 0.43 and 2.8 µg/mL, respectively), while it was found to be inactive against ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation in HL‐60. In contrast, the isomeric acylated benzoquinones with shorter alkyl substituents, namely, 2‐acetoxy‐5‐hydoxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐tridecyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone and 2‐hydoxy‐5‐acetoxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐tridecyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone showed most prominent antioxidant and antiproliferative effect on HL‐60 (IC50 values 6.2 and 2.2 µg/mL, respectively), as well as cytotoxicities against SK‐MEL, KB, BT‐549 and SK‐OV‐3 carcinomas (IC50 values <1.1–4.2 µg/mL). All benzoquinones were found to be inactive against cell aggregation and cell adhesion assays, thus showing no effect on immune responses and inﬂammation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ether fraction of methanol extracts of Gastrodia elata, medicinal herb protects against neuronal cell damage after transient global ischemia in gerbils
Authors: Kim Hyeon‐Ju , Lee Seong‐Ryong , Moon Kwang‐Deog 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGastrodia elata (GE), a medicinal herb, has been used traditionally for the treatment of convulsive diseases such as epilepsy in oriental countries including South Korea and still occupies an important place in traditional medicine in Asia. We designed this study to examine whether the ether fraction of methanol extracts (EFME) of GE protects the hippocampal neuronal damage induced by transient global ischemia in a gerbil model. Gerbils were treated with the EFME of GE (200 or 500 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 14 days before brain ischemia. The lower dose of EFME of GE failed to attenuate the hippocampal neuronal damage in the CA1 region. However, the higher dose of EFME of GE attenuated the hippocampal neuronal damage in the CA1 region. The present results show that the EFME of GE has a protective effect against neuronal damage following global ischemia in gerbils. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐inﬂammatory effect of Solanum lycocarpum fruits
Authors: Vieira G. , Ferreira P. M. , Matos L. G. , Ferreira E. C. , Rodovalho W. , Ferri P. H. , Ferreira H. D. , Costa E. A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe croton oil‐induced mouse ear oedema test, acetic acid‐induced abdominal writhing, and carrageenan‐induced peritonitis were used to study the anti‐inﬂammatory effects of the crude ethanol extract and its alkaloid fraction from Solanum lycocarpum fruits. The alkaloid fraction induced a dose‐dependent reduction in ear oedema formation and leukocyte migration, suggesting that S. lycocarpum fruits may contain steroidal alkaloids accounting for the anti‐inﬂammatory effect of the crude ethanol extract. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant flavan‐3‐ols and flavonol glycosides from Maytenus aquifolium
Authors: Corsino Joaquim , Silva Dulce Helena Siqueira , Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin , Bolzani Vanderlan da Silva , França Suzelei Castro , Pereira Ana Maria S. , Furlan Maysa 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTLC autographic assay revealed, in the EtOAc extract obtained from leaves and root bark of Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae), the presence of ﬁve compounds exhibiting antioxidant properties towards β‐carotene. They were isolated and identiﬁed as epigallocatechin (1), (+) ouratea‐catechin (2), proanthocyanidin (3), kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl (1→3)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl (4) and quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl (1→3)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl (5). The isolates were investigated for their redox properties using cyclic voltammetry and for their radical scavenging abilities through spectrophotometric assay on the reduction of 2,2‐diphenyl‐pycryl hydrazyl (DPPH). These results were correlated to the inhibition of β‐carotene bleaching on TLC autographic assay and to structural features of the ﬂavonoids. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by lithospermic acid B isolated from radix Salviae miltiorrhiza Bunge
Authors: Kang Dae Gill , Oh Hyuncheol , Chung Hun Taeg , Lee Ho Sub 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe roots of Salviae miltiorrhiza (RSM) have been traditionally used for treatment of hypertensive disease in China, Korea, and Japan. Bioassay guided fractionation and puriﬁcation as assayed by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory assay resulted in the isolation of lithospermic acid B (LSB) as an active principle. The ACE plasma activities were signiﬁcantly inhibited by the addition of LSB in a dose‐dependent manner of which IC50 value was 86 µg/ml (120 µM). Moreover, angiotensin I‐induced contraction was markedly attenuated by prior exposure of endothelium‐intact aortic rings to LSB. These results suggest that RSM‐induced antihypertensive effect may be, at least in part, due to ACE inhibitory effect of LSB. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of curcumin and photo‐irradiated curcumin on circulatory lipids and lipid peroxidation products in alcohol and polyunsaturated fatty acid‐induced toxicity
Authors: Rukkumani R. , Balasubashini M. Sri , Menon Venugopal P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlcohol is a neurotoxin associated with signiﬁcant morbidity and mortality. Ethanol is found to induce a dose dependent increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The elevation in lipid peroxidative products and the loss of antioxidant defense potential are enhanced when alcohol is taken along with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or heated PUFA. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of curcumin and photo‐irradiated curcumin on alcohol and PUFA induced LPO and lipid proﬁles in plasma. The levels of vitamin C and E were decreased signiﬁcantly in alcohol + raw as well as heated PUFA groups. The treatment with curcumin and photo‐irradiated curcumin (IC) increased their levels signiﬁcantly. The increase was more signiﬁcant in the IC group than the curcumin group. The levels of cholesterol, phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydroperoxides (HP) were increased signiﬁcantly in alcohol + raw as well as heated PUFA groups and the treatment with curcumin and IC, brought back the levels. But the IC reduced the levels more signiﬁcantly than curcumin. Thus, our results indicate that IC is a more potent antioxidant than curcumin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiangiogenic activity of Gardenia jasminoides fruit
Authors: Park Eun‐Hee , Joo Myung‐Hee , Kim Sun‐Hyoung , Lim Chang‐Jin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe ethanol extract of gardenia fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis), a Chinese herbal medicine, and its successive hexane, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol and aqueous fractions were evaluated for their antiangiogenic activities using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The n‐butanol fraction was found to be most effective in the antiangiogenic assay. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effect of magnolol on tumour metastasis in mice
Authors: Ikeda Koji , Sakai Yoshimichi , Nagase Hisamitsu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt has previously been reported that magnolol, a phenolic compound isolated from Magnolia obovata, inhibited tumour cell invasion in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimetastatic effect of magnolol on tumour metastasis in vivo with experimental and spontaneous metastasis models and to clarify the mechanism. The antimetastatic effects of magnolol were evaluated by an experimental liver and spleen metastasis model using L5178Y‐ML25 lymphoma, or an experimental and spontaneous lung metastasis model using B16‐BL6 melanoma. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 2 or 10 mg/kg of magnolol signiﬁcantly suppressed liver and spleen metastasis or lung metastasis. As for the spontaneous lung metastasis model using B16‐BL6 melanoma, multiple i.p. administrations of 10 mg/kg of magnolol after and before tumour inoculation signiﬁcantly suppressed lung metastasis and primary tumour growth. In addition, magnolol signiﬁcantly inhibited B16‐BL6 cell invasion of the reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel, MG) without affecting cell growth. These data from the in vivo experiments suggest that magnolol possesses strong antimetastatic ability and that it may be a lead compound for drug development. The antimetastatic action of magnolol is considered to be due to its ability to inhibit tumour cell invasion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of Urtica dioica and Nigella sativa in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Türkdoğan M. K. , Ozbek H. , Yener Z. , Tuncer I. , Uygan I. , Ceylan E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe role of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) (NS) and Urtica dioica L. was investigated (UD) in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver ﬁbrosis and cirrhosis. Fifty Sprague‐Dawley rats were allocated into ﬁve groups (I, IIA and B, IIIA and B) and CCl4 was injected biweekly to all groups. Group I (control, CCl4 only), group IIA and B (NS ﬁxed oil and volatile oil), group IIIA and B (UD ﬁxed oil and UD decoction extract) rats were killed at the end of week 12 and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of liver tissues were performed. In the control group, coagulation necrosis and hydropic degeneration were marked in the periacinar regions (zone 3) associated with ﬁbrosis in the periacinar regions and in the portal tracts. In groups IIA–B and IIIA–B (NS and UD), none of the serious histopathological ﬁndings were detected except for sparse coagulation necrosis in the periacinar regions. ASMA‐positive perisinusoidal cells with myoﬁbroblastic transformation and lysosomal enzyme activity suggesting ﬁbrogenesis were also signiﬁcantly more common in the control group than in the NS and UD groups. UD and NS seem to be signiﬁcantly effective in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geraniol, the putative anthelmintic principle of Cymbopogon martinii
Authors: Kumaran Asha M. , D'Souza Prashanth , Agarwal Amit , Bokkolla Rama Mohan , Balasubramaniam Murali 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii (palmrosa) and one of its main constituents geraniol were tested for anthelmintic activity (in vitro) employing the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Both the substances showed potent anthelmintic activity. The ED50 of geraniol was found to be 66.7 mcg/mL, suggesting geraniol as the putative anthelmintic principle of palmrosa oil. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of diuretic activity of the constituents of Clematis montevidensis Spreng. (Ranunculaceae) in rats
Authors: Álvarez M. E. , María A. O. M. , Villegas O. , Saad J. R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effects of Clematis montevidensis Spreng. (Ranunculaceae) on urinary excretion of water, sodium and potassium were investigated in rats loaded with isotonic saline solution. The data reported in the present work indicate that the infusions of the root and aerial part of Clematis montevidensis showed a moderate diuretic activity. This effect could be due, at least in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated from this plant. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycyrrhizin ameliorates renal function defects in the early‐phase of ischemia‐induced acute renal failure
Authors: Kang Dae‐Gill , Sohn Eun‐Jin , Mun Yeun‐Ja , Woo Won‐Hong , Lee Ho‐Sub 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin administration (200 mg/kg/day) on renal function parameters in the early‐phase of ischaemia‐reperfusion induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats. The present study showed that the urinary ﬂow rate in ischaemia‐ARF was signiﬁcantly increased in association with decreases in water balance, urinary sodium excretion and urine osomolality, which were partially restored by administration of glycyrrhizin. Both solute‐free water reabsorption (TcH2O) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were signiﬁcantly decreased in rats subjected to ischaemia‐reperfusion for 72 h compared with the control. Histopathological examination of the kidneys from ARF rats at 72 h after release of the bilateral renal artery clamping, showed that the glomerulus, proximal tubules and distal tubules were severely disrupted and left a denuded basement membrane. When glycyrrhizin was administered in rat ARF for 72 h, Ccr reached almost 96% compared with that of the sham‐operated control rats and TcH2O was improved by 47% compared with that of the ischaemia‐ARF rats. The lesions in the glomerulus, proximal and distal tubule of the renal cortex were also restored by the administration of glycyrrhizin.Taken together, glycyrrhizin administration ameliorates both renal function defects, especially the renal concentrating ability, and structural lesions in renal tissues in rats in the early‐phase of ischaemia‐ARF. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro cytotoxicity and antitumour properties of Hypericum mysorense and Hypericum patulum
Authors: Vijayan P , Kumar S. Vinod , Dhanaraj S. A. , Mukherjee P. K. , Suresh B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Hypericum mysorense and Hypericum patulum were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on HEp‐2, RD and Vero cell lines and antitumour activity using DLA and HEp‐2 cell lines. The cell viability and morphological changes were assessed. Of these extracts, Hypericum patulum (stem) extract showed strong cytotoxicity against all the cell lines used. The CTC50 of the Hypericum patulum (stem) extract was 1.71 µg/mL for HEp‐2, 1.53 µg/mL for RD and 2.23 µg/mL for Vero cell lines. The Hypericum patulum (leaves) and Hypericum mysorense (aerial parts) extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity and Hypericum patulum (aerial parts) extract did not show any cytotoxicity up to 1000 µg/mL concentration. In the clonogenic assay, no colony formation was observed at a concentration of 300 µg/mL and above for Hypericum mysorense (aerial parts), 400 µg/mL and above for Hypericum patulum (leaves) and 500 µg/mL and above for Hypericum patulum (stem) extracts. In the short term antitumour studies using DLA cells, 50% viability was observed in the concentration range 100–200 µg/mL for Hypericum patulum (leaves and stem) and 200–400 µg/mL for Hypericum mysorense (aerial) extract. In the long term antitumour activity using the HEp‐2 cell line, no colony formation was observed over a concentration of 1.6 µg/mL for the Hypericum patulum (stem) extract. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant effect of flavonoids on DCF production in HL‐60 cells
Authors: Takamatsu Satoshi , Galal Ahmed M. , Ross Samir A. , Ferreira Daneel , ElSohly Mahmoud A. , Ibrahim Abdel‐Rahim S. , El‐Feraly Farouk S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA ﬂuorometric microplate assay was performed for the detection of respiratory burst activity in a human leukaemia cell line HL‐60 by assessing oxidation of 2′,7′‐dichloroﬂuorescin diacetate (DCFH‐DA). This method is based on the detection of DCFH oxidation due to the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of a number of structurally related ﬂavonoids of plant origin and some of their microbial transformation products (1–18) were evaluated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro inhibitory effects of bergenin and norbergenin on bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase
Authors: Zhang Yong‐He , Fang Lian‐Hua , Lee Myung‐Koo , Ku Bao‐Shan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe aqueous extract of Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae) showed an inhibitory effect on bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamine. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of bergenin and norbergenin, constituents of the aqueous extract of Mallotus japonicus on bovine adrenal TH. Bergenin and norbergenin inhibited the TH activity by 29.0% and 53.4% at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, respectively, and exhibited noncompetitive inhibition of TH activity with the substrate l‐tyrosine. The inhibition of TH activity and the inhibitory effect of norbergenin was more potent than that of bergenin. From these results, it is presumed that bergenin and norbergenin may be the active components of Mallotus japonicus in inhibiting TH, and these inhibitory effects may be partially responsible for the clinical use of Mallotus japonicus in treating peptic ulcer by reducing the availability of dopa/dopamine in vivo. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pro‐healing effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark
Authors: Kamath Jagadish V. , Rana A. C. , Roy Chowdhury Anirban 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe ethanol extract of the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was evaluated for wound healing activity in Wistar rats. The extract was administered by the oral route at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight (1/8 and 1/4 of LD50, respectively) for all the wound models selected, excision, incision and dead space wounds. The extract signiﬁcantly enhanced the wound breaking strength in the case of incision wound, the rate of wound contraction and the period of epithelization in the case of excision wound. The granulation tissue weight, its breaking strength and its hydroxyproline content was also increased by the extract in the dead space wound. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) grown in Bangladesh
Authors: Ekramul Islam M. , Ekramul Haque M. , Mosaddik M. A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of crude extracts from the leaves of Sida rhombifolia were investigated. The ethyl acetate extract showed potent cytotoxicity with LC50 values (5.41 ppm) comparable to the reference standard, gallic acid. All the extracts showed weak antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative test organisms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes by compounds from Daucus carota L. Seeds
Authors: Momin Raﬁkali A. , De Witt David L. , Nair Muraleedharan G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes inhibitory assay directed investigation of Daucus carota seed extracts resulted in the isolation and characterization of compounds, 2,4,5‐trimethoxybenzaldehyde (1), oleic acid (2), trans‐asarone (3) and geraniol (4). Compounds 1–4 showed 3.32, 45.32, 46.15, and 3.15% of prostaglandin H endoperoxide synthase‐I (COX‐I) inhibitory activity and 52.69, 68.41, 64.39 and 0% prostaglandin H endoperoxide synthase‐II (COX‐II) inhibitory activity, respectively at 100 mg mL−1. Compound 1 showed selectivity towards COX‐II enzyme inhibition at 100 µg mL−1. The COX‐II/COX‐I ratio for compound 1 was 17.68 at 100 µg mL−1 compared to solvent control. Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Aspirin, Celebrex and Vioxx at concentrations of 2.06, 2.52, 180, 1.67 and 1.67 µg mL−1, respectively, gave COX‐II/COX‐I ratios of 1.13, 0.92, 0.24, 16 and 75, respectively. The inhibition of COX‐II enzymes by compounds 1 at 100 µg mL−1 was signiﬁcant when compared to Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Celebrex at concentrations studied. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro antiviral activity of Phyllanthus orbicularis extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1
Authors: Fernández Romero J. A. , del Barrio Alonso G. , Romeu Álvarez B. , Gutiérrez Y. , Valdés V. S. , Parra F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe antiviral activity of butanol‐ and acetic acid‐soluble fractions, prepared from the leaves and stems of Phyllanthus orbicularis H.B.K., has been investigated against acyclovir‐sensitive or ‐resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) strains, using human foreskin ﬁbroblast (HFF) and green ape kidney (Vero) cell lines. Both fractions showed antiviral selectivity indexes (SI) from 10.3 to 22.8, while their extracellular virucidal activities reached SI values ranging from 371 to 1040. Time‐addition experiments suggested that the active compounds present in the studied fractions acted on early steps of the virus replication cycle. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.