bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sound of silence: The importance of bystander support for confronters in the prevention of norm erosion
Authors: Tirion Anna S. C. , Mulder Laetitia B. , Kurz Tim , Koudenburg Namkje , Prosser Annayah M. B. , Bain Paul , Bolderdijk Jan Willem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObserving deviant behaviour can lead to ‘norm erosion’, where a norm is no longer seen as relevant and compliance with it is reduced. Previous research argues that social confrontations can mitigate norm erosion. However, this work has not considered the impact of bystanders to confrontations, who might influence the outcome by supporting—or failing to support—the person confronting a social rule breaker. We examine the effect of bystanders' reactions on preventing norm erosion across three experimental studies. We examined how supportive and non‐supportive bystander reactions to a confronter impacted the perceived strength of a prosocial norm among participants and their behavioural intentions. We find that when bystanders explicitly supported the confronter against the rule breaker, the norm was perceived as stronger—and sometimes, compliance intentions were higher—than when bystanders did not respond to the confronter. A mini meta‐analysis across the three studies reveals that the effect of bystander support on perceived norm strength is large and robust. Our work demonstrates that for the prevention of norm erosion, confrontations benefit greatly from being explicitly supported by bystanders.
The relationship between systemic inflammatory response, screen detection and outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Johnstone Mark S. , McSorley Steven T. , McMillan Donald C. , Horgan Paul G. , Mansouri David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimA raised systemic inflammatory response correlates with poorer colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. Faecal immunochemical test bowel screening aims to detect early‐stage disease. We assessed the relationship between systemic inflammatory response, screen detection and CRC survival.MethodA retrospective, observational cohort study compared screen‐detected and non‐screen‐detected CRC patients undergoing resection. Systemic inflammatory response was measured using lymphocyte/monocyte, neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios (LMR, NLR, PLR). Covariables were compared using χ2 testing and survival with Cox regression.ResultsA total of 761 patients were included (326 screen‐detected, 435 non‐screen‐detected). Screen‐detected patients had lower systemic inflammatory response: low (<2.4) LMR (28.8% vs. 44.6%; P < 0.001), moderate (3–5) or high (>5) NLR (26.1% vs. 30.6%, P < 0.001; and 7.7% vs. 19.5%, P < 0.001) and high (>150) PLR (47.2% vs. 64.6%; P < 0.001). Median follow‐up was 63 months. On univariate analysis, non‐screen detection (hazard ratio [HR] 2.346, 95% CI 1.687–3.261; P < 0.001), advanced TNM (P < 0.001), low LMR (HR 2.038, 95% CI 1.514–2.742; P < 0.001), moderate NLR (HR 1.588, 95% CI 1.128–2.235; P = 0.008), high NLR (HR 2.382, 95% CI 1.626–3.491; P < 0.001) and high PLR (HR 1.827, 95% CI 1.326–2.519; P < 0.001) predicted poorer overall survival (OS). Non‐screen detection (HR 2.713, 95% CI 1.742–4.226; P < 0.001), TNM (P < 0.001), low LMR (HR 1.969, 95% CI 1.340–2.893; P < 0.001), high NLR (HR 2.368, 95% CI 1.448–3.875; P < 0.001) and high PLR (HR 2.110, 95% CI 1.374–3.240; P < 0.001) predicted poorer cancer‐specific survival (CSS). On multivariate analysis, non‐screen detection (HR 1.698, 95% CI 1.152–2.503; P = 0.008) and low LMR (HR 1.610, 95% CI 1.158–2.238; P = 0.005) independently predicted poorer OS. Non‐screen detection (HR 1.847, 95% CI 1.144–2.983; P = 0.012) and high PLR (HR 1.578, 95% CI 1.018–2.444; P = 0.041) predicted poorer CSS.ConclusionScreen‐detected CRC patients have a lower systemic inflammatory response. Non‐screen detection and systemic inflammatory response (measured by LMR and PLR respectively) were independent predictors of poorer OS and CSS.
Self‐perceived preparedness of new dental graduates from a Middle Eastern university
Authors: Alsoghier Abdullah , Ali Kamran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionPreparedness for independent clinical practice is a core goal of undergraduate dental education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the self‐reported preparedness for the dental practice among new dental graduates from a University in the Middle East.MethodsFollowing ethics approval, a purposive sampling techniques were used to invite newly qualified dental graduates at a Middle Eastern University. A validated research instrument, namely the Dental Undergraduate Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU‐PAS), was used to evaluate the self‐perceived preparedness of the participants. Data collection was undertaken online using Google Forms and data were analysed to compute the descriptive statistics, reliability and demographic differences among the participants.ResultsA total of 82 participants provided their response yielding a response rate of 68%. The participants included 49 males and 33 females. The overall reliability of DU‐PAS was excellent. (α = 0.93). The participants included less than 40% of participants were able independently to prescribe medications, assess orthodontics needs and perform endodontic treatment on multirooted teeth. In addition, more than 65% indicated low confidence in evaluating new dental materials and products, interpreting new research findings and behavioural management of children.ConclusionThe present findings identified strengths and weaknesses of new dental graduates from a Middle Eastern university. The participants were confident in basic clinical skills but lower confidence was reported for complex dental procedures. The findings highlight the learning needs of new dental graduates and can serve to inform the undergraduate curriculum to enhance the preparedness of future cohorts of dental graduates.
Investigation into the anisotropic damage behavior of LA103Z Mg‐Li alloy rolling sheet using X‐ray computed tomography and numerical modeling
Authors: Xu Sinuo , Qian Lingyun , Ma Tengyun , Sun Chaoyang , Wang Chunhui , Feng Yinghao , Zhou Yu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe anisotropic damage behavior has a great influence on the formability of rolling sheets. This work aimed to investigate the anisotropic damage mechanism of the LA103Z Mg‐Li alloy rolling sheet by combining mesoscale detection and modeling. The X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the evolution of damage morphology and volume fraction in RD, DD, and TD directions of the rolling sheet. The GTN damage model was calibrated by the experimental results with the representative volume element (RVE) method. The anisotropic damage mechanism was revealed via experimental and modeling results. The micro void nucleation strain εN was critical to determine the initiation moment of the anisotropic damage. The continuous nucleation in RD direction, the severe growth in DD direction, and the massive coalescence in TD direction were the micro void evolution competition results that caused the anisotropy for damage mechanism and fracture strain.
Minority state ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the Chinese stock market crash in 2015
Authors: Liu Xiumei , Si Fangbo , Xie Chenxin , Xie Lu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe examine the effect of minority state ownership on firm performance using the Chinese stock market crash in 2015. We find that treatment firms with minority state ownership accumulated from governmental purchases of equities experience significant reductions in operating performance. The negative impact is more severe in firms with higher riskiness and firms with less powerful large shareholders. We also find that treatment firms’ risk decreases and their employment increases after minority state shareholders step in, providing supportive evidence on the government's motives of reducing risk and preventing mass layoffs. Further tests reveal the channels through which minority state ownership impedes investment efficiency, productivity, and innovation. The negative impact diminishes when government institutions divest their shares in a timely manner. Overall, our results suggest there are unintended negative consequences of minority state ownership arising from the governmental rescue package in a market crisis.
Assessment of IgG‐Fc glycosylation from individual RhD‐specific B cell clones reveals regulation at clonal rather than clonotypic level
Authors: de Graaf Erik L. , Larsen Mads Delbo , van der Bolt Nieke , Visser Remco , Verhagen Onno J. H. M. , Hipgrave Ederveen Agnes L. , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Wuhrer Manfred , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe type and strength of effector functions mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies rely on the subclass and the composition of the N297 glycan. Glycosylation analysis of both bulk and antigen‐specific human IgG has revealed a marked diversity of the glycosylation signatures, including highly dynamic patterns as well as long‐term stability of profiles, yet information on how individual B cell clones would contribute to this diversity has hitherto been lacking. Here, we assessed whether clonally related B cells share N297 glycosylation patterns of their secreted IgG. We differentiated single antigen‐specific peripheral IgG+ memory B cells into antibody‐secreting cells and analysed Fc glycosylation of secreted IgG. Furthermore, we sequenced the variable region of their heavy chain, which allowed the grouping of the clones into clonotypes. We found highly diverse glycosylation patterns of culture‐derived IgG, which, to some degree, mimicked the glycosylation of plasma IgG. Each B cell clone secreted IgG with a mixture of different Fc glycosylation patterns. The majority of clones produced fully fucosylated IgG. B cells producing afucosylated IgG were scattered across different clonotypes. In contrast, the remaining glycosylation traits were, in general, more uniform. These results indicate IgG‐Fc fucosylation to be regulated at the single‐clone level, whereas the regulation of other glycosylation traits most likely occurs at a clonotypic or systemic level. The discrepancies between plasma IgG and culture‐derived IgG, could be caused by the origin of the B cells analysed, clonal dominance or factors from the culture system, which need to be addressed in future studies.
The dual role of regulatory T cells in hepatitis B virus infection and related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Jinan , Miao Rui , Chen Yao , Wang Han , Liu Mei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major etiologic factor leading to HCC. While there have been significant advancements in controlling HBV replication, achieving a complete cure for HBV‐related HCC (HBV‐HCC) remains an intricate challenge. HBV persistence is attributed to a myriad of mechanisms, encompassing both innate and adaptive immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal in upholding immune tolerance and modulating excessive immune activation. During HBV infection, Tregs mediate specific T cell suppression, thereby contributing to both persistent infection and the mitigation of liver inflammatory responses. Studies have demonstrated an augmented expression of circulating and intrahepatic Tregs in HBV‐HCC, which correlates with impaired CD8+ T cell function. Consequently, Tregs play a dual role in the context of HBV infection and the progression of HBV‐HCC. In this comprehensive review, we discuss pertinent studies concerning Tregs in HBV infection, HBV‐related cirrhosis and HCC. Furthermore, we summarize Treg responses to antiviral therapy and provide Treg‐targeted therapies specific to HBV and HCC.
Microstructure and properties of SiBCN/SiBCN mini‐composites prepared by the precursor infiltration and the pyrolysis process
Authors: Zhao Zikai , Ma Qingsong , Wang Tingbo , Long Xin , Shao Changwei , Chen Si'an 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSiBCN fiber reinforced SiBCN matrix mini‐composites (SiBCN/SiBCN) as a new type of the ceramic matrix composite were fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. Various degumming methods for continuous SiBCN fibers resulted in different properties and surface conditions, further affecting the interfacial bonding strength (IFBS) and mechanical properties of the composites. The relationship between fiber degumming modes, fiber states, and properties of composites was discussed and the strengthening mechanisms of the SiBCN/SiBCN mini‐composites were explored. With a degumming treatment of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) soaking, the flexural strength and modulus of mini‐SiBCN/SiBCN composites achieved 508 ± 68 MPa and 79 ± 12 GPa, respectively. The novel strengthening mechanism of the microcrystalline SiBCN fiber reinforced microcrystalline SiBCN matrix composites will enrich and be helpful to understand the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of ceramic matrix composites.
Perspectives and thoughts of pregnant women and new mothers living with HIV receiving peer support: A mixed studies systematic review
Authors: Goh Huang Qi , Nelson LaRon E. , Teo Wei Zhou , Aidoo‐Frimpong Gloria , Ramos S. Raquel , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to systematically consolidate evidence on perspectives and thoughts of women living with HIV regarding the peer support they have encountered during pregnancy and after childbirth.DesignMixed studies systematic review.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and ProQuest were sourced from 1981 to January 2022.MethodsA convergent qualitative synthesis approach was used to analyse the data. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsA total of 12 studies were included, involving 1596 pregnant women and 1856 new mothers living with HIV. An overarching theme, ‘From One Mother to Another: The Supportive Journey of Pregnant Women and New Mothers Living with HIV’, and two themes were identified: (1) Emotional support buddies and extended networks and (2) Link bridge to healthcare support and self‐empowerment.ConclusionPeer support played an indispensable role in the lives of women living with HIV and served as a complementary support system to professional and family support.ImpactWhat problem did the study address? Pregnant women and new mothers living with HIV face preconceived stigma and discrimination.What were the main findings? Peer support was perceived to be beneficial in enhancing emotional support among women living with HIV and was well‐accepted by them.Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Healthcare providers and community social workers could develop or enhance peer support educational programmes tailored to pregnant women and new mothers living with HIV. Policymakers and administrators can leverage public awareness, advocacy and political will to formulate and implement policies and campaigns aimed at fostering awareness and receptivity towards peer support interventions.Reporting MethodPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Characteristics and effectiveness of mentoring programmes for specialized and advanced practice nurses: A systematic review
Authors: Vlerick Isabel , Kinnaer Lise‐Marie , Delbaere Ben , Coolbrandt Annemarie , Decoene Elsie , Thomas Laura , Vanderlinde Ruben , Van Hecke Ann 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAims(1) To identify, evaluate and summarize evidence about the objectives and characteristics of mentoring programmes for specialized nurses (SNs) or nurse navigators (NNs) and advanced practice nurses (APNs) and (2) to identify the effectiveness of these programmes.DesignA systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines.Data SourcesFrom November 2022 until 7 December 2022, four databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library.Review MethodsStudy selection was performed independently by two researchers. Disagreements were discussed until consensus was reached. Data extraction was undertaken for included studies. Data synthesis was conducted using narrative analysis. Quality appraisal was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).ResultsTwelve articles were included, all of which focused on mentoring programmes for APNs. Different forms of mentorship (e.g. (in)formal mentorship, work shadowing, workshops) were reported. Studies reported positive outcomes on job retention (n = 5), job satisfaction (n = 6), skills improvement (n = 7), satisfaction with the programme (n = 7) and confidence improvement (n = 4) among participants of mentoring programmes.ConclusionThere is a lack of uniformity and consistency in various elements of mentoring programmes. Further research is needed to develop mentoring programmes for both APNs and SNs/NNs in a systematic and theoretically underpinned manner. It is necessary to establish a thorough evaluation methodology, preferably using a mixed methods design that includes both a qualitative process evaluation and a comprehensive outcome evaluation using validated questionnaires, taking into account the NN/APN, the interprofessional team and organizational level.ImpactThe synthesis of evidence may be useful to organizations developing and implementing mentoring programmes for both SN/NN and APN. The development of a mentoring programme for nursing experts should be considered a complex intervention that requires theoretical frameworks and contextual considerations.No Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable, as no patients or public were involved.
Clinical observation and influence on nutritional status of intensive nutritional nursing combined with 3‐day dietary diary intervention in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Shao Zengmei , Chen Chuanxia , Tong Mengli , Weng Ning 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal dialysis is a commonly used treatment for chronic kidney failure patients. Studies have shown that long‐term peritoneal dialysis can lead to various degrees of malnutrition. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the nutritional conditions of patients with peritoneal dialysis. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of intensive nutritional nursing combined with a 3‐day diet diary intervention on the nutritional condition of peritoneal dialysis patients.MethodsIn total, 163 patients were included in this study and, after 6 months of intervention, their nutritional and biochemical indicators, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and intake of dietary ingredients were analysed.ResultsAfter the intervention, patients' serum albumin, haemoglobin, prealbumin, body weight, BMI and cholesterol levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Also, the daily energy and protein intake were significantly increased, whereas phosphorus intake was decreased (p < 0.05). Of note, the effective rate of intervention was 63.8%, respectively. We also found that factors such as the patient's age, education degree, income level and peritoneal dialysis age were the risk factors associated with malnutrition. Moreover, patients younger than 55 years old, with dialysis age younger than 5 years, unmarried/divorced and high school graduates, had higher chances of effective intervention, whereas the possibility of effective intervention was lower when the per capita monthly household income was less than 4000 Yuan.ConclusionsIn conclusion, intensive nutritional nursing combined with a 3‐day dietary diary intervention can significantly improve the nutritional condition and optimise the diet structure of peritoneal dialysis patients with malnutrition. These findings provide evidence for healthcare providers to develop personalised interventions to address malnutrition in this population.
The role of HBIG in real life for patients undergoing liver transplantation due to HDV‐related cirrhosis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Tajes Sergio , García‐Eliz María , Marcos Arantxa Caballero , Campos‐Varela Isabel , Ros Alba Cachero , Loinaz Carmelo , Gómez Bravo Miguel Á. , Rodríguez‐Perálvarez Manuel , Fabrega Emilio , González Diéguez María L. , Vinaixa Carmen , Pascasio José M. , Vázquez Inmaculada Fernández , Baliellas Carme , Castells Lluis , Salcedo Magdalena , Prieto Martín , Crespo Gonzalo , Lens Sabela , Forns Xavier 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecommended post‐liver transplant (LT) prophylaxis in patients with hepatitis delta includes a nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) and anti‐hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) indefinitely. We analysed the use of HBIG in real‐life clinical practice and its impact on HBV/HDV recurrence in 174 HDV‐related LT patients from 10 Spanish liver transplant centres (1988–2018). Median post‐LT follow‐up was 7.8 (2.3–15.1) years and patient survival at 5 years was 90%. Most patients (97%) received HBIG in the immediate post‐LT, but only 42% were on HBIG at the last control. Among those discontinuing HBIG, the median time on treatment was 18 (7–52) months. Post‐LT HBsAg+ was detected in 16 (9%) patients and HBV‐DNA in 12 (7%). Despite HBsAg positivity, HDV recurrence was reported only in three patients (1.7%), all of whom were not receiving NA and had discontinued HBIG. Our data suggest that a finite HBIG prophylaxis in HDV‐LT is feasible, especially if high‐barrier NAs are used.
E3 ubiquitin ligase MaRZF1 modulates high temperature‐induced green ripening of banana by degrading MaSGR1
Authors: Wei Wei , Luo Qi , Yang Ying‐ying , Wu Chao‐jie , Kuang Jian‐fei , Chen Jian‐ye , Lu Wang‐jin , Shan Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh temperatures (>24°C) prevent the development of a yellow peel on bananas called green ripening, owing to the inhibition of chlorophyll degradation. This phenomenon greatly reduces the marketability of banana fruit, but the mechanisms underlining high temperature‐repressed chlorophyll catabolism need to be elucidated. Herein, we found that the protein accumulation of chlorophyll catabolic enzyme MaSGR1 (STAY‐GREEN 1) was reduced when bananas ripened at high temperature. Transiently expressing MaSGR1 in banana peel showed its positive involvement in promoting chlorophyll degradation under high temperature, thereby weakening green ripening phenotype. Using yeast two‐hybrid screening, we identified a RING‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase, MaRZF1 (RING Zinc Finger 1), as a putative MaSGR1‐interacting protein. MaRZF1 interacts with and targets MaSGR1 for ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome pathway. Moreover, upregulating MaRZF1 inhibited chlorophyll degradation, and attenuated MaSGR1‐promoted chlorophyll degradation in bananas during green ripening, indicating that MaRZF1 negatively regulates chlorophyll catabolism via the degradation of MaSGR1. Taken together, MaRZF1 and MaSGR1 form a regulatory module to mediate chlorophyll degradation associated with high temperature‐induced green ripening in bananas. Therefore, our findings expand the understanding of posttranslational regulatory mechanisms of temperature stress‐caused fruit quality deterioration.