bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of plasmid DNA from cell lysates by aqueous two‐phase systems
Authors: Ribeiro S. C. , Monteiro G. A. , Cabral J. M. S. , Prazeres D. M. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis work presents a study of the partitioning of a plasmid vector containing the cystic fibrosis gene in polyethylene glycol (PEG)/salt (K2HPO4) aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS). The plasmid was extracted from neutralized alkaline lysates using PEG with molecular weights varying from 200 to 8000. The effects of the lysate mass loaded to the ATPS (20, 40, and 60% w/w) and of the plasmid concentration in the lysate were evaluated. The performance of the process was determined by qualitative and quantitative assays, carefully established to overcome the strong interference of impurities (protein, genomic DNA, RNA), salt, and PEG.Plasmid DNA partitioned to the top phase when PEG molecular weight was lower than 400. The bottom phase was preferred when higher PEG molecular weights were used. Aqueous two‐phase systems with PEG 300, 600, and 1000 were chosen for further studies on the basis of plasmid and RNA agarose gel analysis and protein quantitation.The recovery yields were found to be proportional to the plasmid concentration in the lysate. The best yields (>67%) were obtained with PEG 1000. These systems (with 40 and 60% w/w of lysate load) were able to separate the plasmid from proteins and genomic DNA, but copartitioning of RNA with the plasmid was observed. Aqueous two‐phase systems with PEG 300 concentrated both plasmid and proteins in the top phase. The best system for plasmid purification used PEG 600 with a 40% (w/w) lysate load. In this system, RNA was found mostly in the interphase, proteins were not detected in the plasmid bottom phase and genomic DNA was reduced 7.5‐fold. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 376–384, 2002.
Combating environmental repercussions through ‘TQEM’ and ‘ISO 14000’
Authors: Jayathirtha R. V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBusiness is totally dependent on society although we sometimes do not experience it that way. All business, even in their most limited form, confront environmental issues, some more than others. Business leaders will be actively addressing social and environmental issues. These companies will be going for certification to ISO 14001 (EMS) and progressive organizations have moved beyond EMS requirement, seizing control of environmental operations through Total Quality Environmental Management (TQEM). Industry leaders are incorporating environmental thinking into every aspect of their operations. As a long‐range plan towards TQEM, an organization can have a road map and a clear model for achieving excellence in the area of Environmental Management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Triangular structure of the proximal femur
Authors: Hammer Alan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe normal human skeleton is remarkably regular in form. Its constancy is demonstrated by the projection of well‐recognized lines onto plain radiographs to define many of its relationships. The finding of the geometric symmetry of the normal proximal femur, demonstrated by the projection of an isosceles triangle onto its anteroposterior radiographic view, is presented. The base of this triangle extends between the trochanters and its apex lies at the center of the femoral head. This triangle may reflect the balance of bone modeling that takes place in the proximal femur as a result of the forces acting in the coronal plane. If so, it may then allow for the development of a mathematical expression for bone modeling in this plane. Clin. Anat. 15:210–216, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stenting of bifurcation lesions using the bestent: A prospective dual‐center study
Authors: Gobeil François , Lefèvre Thierry , Guyon Philippe , Louvard Yves , Chevalier Bernard , Dumas Pierre , Glatt Bernard , Loubeyre Christophe , Royer Thierry , Morice Marie‐Claude 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTreatment of bifurcation lesions remains a technical challenge. Among 13 stents previously tested in a bench study, the Bestent seemed of particular interest in this indication as it provided good access to the side branch after stent implantation in the main branch associated with a satisfactory coverage of the lesion after kissing balloon inflation. The use of Bestent implanted in the main branch or both branches for treatment of bifurcation lesions involving a side branch ≥ 2.2 mm in diameter was prospectively evaluated in a dual‐center prospective study with a prospective 6‐month clinical follow‐up. All angiographic documents were analyzed by an independent corelab (CORISIS). Between 11 September 1997 and 21 February 1998, 96 patients were consecutively included (mean age, 63.7 ± 11.4 years; 81.3% male; 58.3% with unstable angina and 6.3% acute myocardial infarction). The lesion involved the left anterior descending–diagonal coronary bifurcation in 55% of cases, left circumflex–marginal 23%, posterior descending–postero‐lateral 12%, distal left main 6%, and others 4%. The main branch (proximal reference diameter: 3.43 ± 0.45 mm) was stented in 98% of cases and the side branch (2.72 ± 0.38 mm) in 38% (both branches in 34% of cases). T‐stenting or provisional T‐stenting was used in 88% of cases and final kissing balloon inflation was performed in 78% of cases. Procedural success was obtained in 100% of cases in the main branch and 98% in both branches. Major cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) during hospitalization occurred in 4.2% of cases, non–Q‐wave myocardial infarction (MI) in 3.1%, Q‐wave MI in 1.0%, repeat PTCA in 2.1%; there were no major access site complication, no emergency coronary artery bypass grafting operation, no death. At 6‐month follow‐up, total MACCE rate was 14.6% (Q‐wave MI, 3.1%; non–Q‐wave MI, 3.1%; target vessel revascularization, 9.4%; death, 2.1%). Patients with target vessel revascularization (TVR) had restenosis of both branches in 22.2% of cases, main branch in 22.2%, and side branch in 55.6%. This study shows that using a simple strategy of provisional T‐stenting of the side branch in the majority of cases, the Bestent can be used for treating bifurcation lesions with a high rate of success and an acceptable rate of TVR at 6‐month follow‐up. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:427–433. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous coronary interventions using a new 5 French guiding catheter: Results of a prospective study
Authors: Schöbel Wolfgang A. , Spyridopoulos I. , Hoffmeister H.M. , Seipel L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this prospective study was to analyze the technical feasibility, the success rate, and the special complications of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) using a newly released 5 Fr guiding catheter with an inner diameter of 0.058″. The study was performed in 150 consecutive patients subjected to coronary angioplasty. In 89% of the patients, the intervention was started with a 5 Fr catheter (JR4 or JL4); in 16 patients a 6 or 7 Fr catheter was used because of unstable clinical conditions according to the decision of the interventional cardiologist. In 12 out of 134 patients, the guiding catheter had to be changed during the intervention from 5 Fr to a 6 or 7 Fr catheter due to poor backup support. In 112 out of 118 patients, the intervention was successfully performed using a 5 Fr catheter (95%); in 12 out of 16 patients, after changing the guiding catheter, the overall success rate was 93%. In patients with type A and B lesions who were initially treated using a 5 Fr catheter, the procedural success rate was 100% (81 out of 81), whereas in patients with type C lesions the procedural success rate was 83% (43 out of 53; P = 0.000053, Fisher's exact test). Furthermore, in patients with a diameter stenosis < 90%, the procedural success rate was 100% (57 out of 57), whereas in patients with a diameter stenosis of 90%–100%, the procedural success rate was 87% (67 out of 77; P = 0.0050). Stent implantation was performed successfully in 24 patients (18%) using the 5 Fr guiding catheter. This study confirms that PCI was technically feasible using a 5 Fr guiding catheter in the majority of consecutive patients with a success rate of 95%. There were significant differences in the success rate depending on the lesion type and the diameter stenosis. Complications were very rare and were not related to the guiding catheter. Limitations of the 5 Fr guiding catheters arose mainly from a poor backup support in long lesions and severe stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:308–312. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the heteroatom on stereoselectivity in the complex metal hydride reduction of six‐membered cyclic ketones
Authors: Senda Yasuhisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of the heteroatom on the stereochemistry and the relative rate for the complex metal hydride reduction of heteracyclohexanones and methoxy substituted cyclohexanones is explained by the difference in the nonbonding two‐electron stabilization between the incipient σ†* bond and the anti‐periplanar allylic σi bonds which were perturbed by the through‐space and/or through‐bond interaction with the remote heteroatom. A significant directive effect of the 2‐axial hydroxyl group appears in the reduction of cyclohexanone with representative complex metal hydrides, while the 3‐axial hydroxyl group exhibits a steric hindrance. The distance between the carbonyl carbon and the hydroxyl group which interacts with the hydride reagent is mainly responsible for such a difference. The key point of the extremely high directive effect appeared in the Na[B(OAc)3H] reduction for both 2‐ and 3‐axial hydroxycyclohexanone is the formation of Na[B(OAc)2(OR)H], which is far more reactive than the parent hydride, by exchanging the acetate ion with the alkoxide. Chirality 14:110–120, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric induction under confinement
Authors: Brunet Ernesto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConfinement may efficiently condition the stereochemical outcome of a reaction through space constriction and molecular close contact. This article briefly reviews recent approaches of supramolecular chemistry to achieve chiral confinement. Crystallization is not always possible and the use of chiral crystals or clathrates lacks generality. The construction of solid supramolecular assemblies circumvents some of the problems of the crystal chemistry. In this regard, molecular imprinting of polymeric matrices with orifices mimicking the transition state of an enantioselective process is a very young, promising technique. Zeolites provide porous, rigid environments to host molecules without the need of lucky crystallizations, yet zeolites are not chiral per se and must be chirally modified. Besides, the limited dimension of their pores restricts the size of the guest molecules. Despite these problems, useful asymmetric photochemical reactions have been performed on zeolites. Finally, the formation of pillared lamellar structures, from inorganic salts of tetravalent transition metals covalently grafted with organic chains, is considered. The adequate selection of functionality and chirality of the organic pillars would afford custom‐made, highly porous, 3D hybrid organo‐inorganic scaffolds. However, the production of asymmetric processes within these layered materials still remains to be seen. Chirality 14:135–143, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restraints on bi‐exponential fitting of inversion‐recovery data involved in two‐site exchange
Authors: Mao Xi‐An , Zhang Yong‐Hong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe recovery of the inverted magnetization in two‐site exchange systems generally follows a bi‐exponential law, C+e+C−e with λ+>λ−. With the assumption R1A<R1B (R1 denotes the relaxation rate), however, bi‐exponential fitting should be performed under the restraints: one of the four coefficients in the AB system, CA+, must be positive, while the other three, CA−, CB+, and CB−, must be negative. The bi‐exponential law can be approximated to a mono‐exponential law only when one of the following conditions is satisfied. (1) kAB+kBA≪|R1A−R1B| (slow exchange limit); (2) kAB+kBA≫|R1A−R1B| (fast exchange limit); (3) kAB+kBA can be any value, but R1A≈R1B (small relaxation‐difference limit); (4) PA≫PB (large population‐difference limit), where k and P denote the exchange rate and population, respectively. The last condition is suitable only to the more populated spin. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 13: 326–333, 2001
The effects of exogenous p53 overexpression on HPV‐immortalized and carcinogen transformed oral keratinocytes
Authors: Yoo George H. , Washington James , Oliver Jeffrey , Piechocki Marie , Kim Harold , Foster‐Nora Jessica , Shibuya Terry Y. , Wilson Deborah R. , Ensley John F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDOverexpression of p53 in head and neck carcinoma cells has demonstrated tumor growth suppression using in vitro and in vivo models. The effects of exogenous overexpression of wild‐type p53 on human papilloma virus (HPV)–immortalized and carcinogen transformed oral keratinocytes were determined.METHODSThe p53 gene was overexpressed in IHGK (immortalized human gingival keratinocyte), IHGKN [4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone, (NNK)]‐carcinogen transformed keratinocytes, and two head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, HN30 and HN12. The transfection efficiency, growth suppression, and inhibition of the cell cycle along with the induction of apoptosis were measured.RESULTSTransfections with adenoviruses were more efficient for IHGK cells than for IHGKN, HN12, and HN30 cells. Inhibition of proliferation in all cell lines was proportional to the viral particle to cell (VPC) ratios. IHGK cells were more sensitive to p53 than IHGKN cells. HN12 cells were more suppressed than HN30 cells. HN12 were the most suppressed at 72 hours whereas HN30 cells were most suppressed at 24 hours. Expression of exogenous p53‐induced G1 cell cycle arrest and p21 expression as VPC ratios increased in IHGK and IHGKN cell lines. Apoptosis also was induced in these cells by p53 as VPC increased. IHGK cells were more sensitive to p53‐induced growth inhibition, cell cycle regulation, p21 expression and apoptosis than IHGKN cells. HN12 (mutated p53) cells were more sensitive to p53 overexpression than HN30 (wild‐type p53) cells. Gene transfer and expression of exogenous p53 by using Ad‐p53 demonstrates suppressive effects on HPV immortalized and carcinogen transformed oral keratinocytes.CONCLUSIONSCell cycle regulation by gene transfer is feasible in immortalized oral keratinocytes. Carcinogen transformed cells are less susceptible to the effects of p53 overexpression. Expression of exogenous p53 through p53 gene transfer can suppress HPV immortalization and carcinogen transformation in oral keratinocytes. The sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines to p53‐induced cell cycle regulation and apoptosis is variable and dependent on the cell line and duration of exposure. In vitro results using p53 gene transfer must be validated in clinical studies with patients at risk for HNSCC. Cancer 2002;94:159–66. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐7 expression and biologic aggressiveness of cholangiocellular carcinoma
Authors: Miwa Shiro , Miyagawa Shin‐ichi , Soeda Junpei , Kawasaki Seiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMatrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7) recently has been reported to play a role in tumor cell invasion. The objective of the current study was to examine the expression of MMP‐7 in patients with cholangiocellular carcinoma.METHODSTwenty‐six patients underwent resection of cholangiocellular carcinoma, leaving no macroscopic evidence of residual tumor. Immunostaining was performed to evaluate the relation between MMP‐7 expression and clinicopathologic features and patient prognosis. The immunostaining pattern of the tumor cells for MMP‐7 was classified as negative (−) (n = 9), positive (+) (n = 11), or strongly positive (++) (n = 6). Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression of active or latent forms in cancerous and noncancerous lesions in four patients.RESULTSThe survival rates in patients with MMP‐7 expression judged to be (−), (+), and (++) were 75%, 80%, and 0%, respectively, at 1 year, and 47%, 24%, and 0%, respectively, at 3 years. The survival rate of MMP‐7 (++) patients was significantly lower than that of MMP‐7 (+) patients (P = 0.003) and MMP (−) patients (P = 0.008). At last follow‐up, 3 patients in the MMP‐7 (−) group had survived for > 5 years. Western blot analysis demonstrated that there were two types of cholangiocellular carcinoma: those producing both latent and active MMP‐7 and those producing only the latent form.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the results of the current study are based on a small number of patients, they suggest that MMP‐7 expression is a significant prognostic factor in patients with cholangiocellular carcinoma and that cholangiocellular carcinoma demonstrating strongly positive expression of MMP‐7 on immunostaining may have a higher malignant potential compared with that showing negative or positive expression of MMP‐7. Cancer 2002;94:428–34. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
The outcome of endometrial carcinoma surveillance by ultrasound scan in women at risk of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma and familial colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Dove‐Edwin Isis , Boks Dominique , Goff Sheila , Kenter Gemma G. , Carpenter Robert , Vasen Hans F. A. , Thomas Huw J. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEndometrial carcinoma is the most common extracolonic malignancy associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome (HNPCC). The risk of endometrial carcinoma in HNPCC mutation carriers is approximately ten times that of the general population, and endometrial ultrasound surveillance to detect early cancer in asymptomatic individuals is recommended by the International Collaborative Group on HNPCC. There is little, if any, published data addressing the effectiveness of surveillance in HNPCC and familial colorectal carcinoma.METHODSThe outcomes of endometrial carcinoma surveillance scans were collected from the St Mark's Hospital Imperial Cancer Research Fund Family Cancer Clinic in the UK and the Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors. Two hundred ninety two women from HNPCC (171) or HNPCC‐like (98) families between the ages of 25‐65 years were offered pelvic ultrasound surveillance scans for a period of up to 13 years.RESULTSResults were available from 269 women. The study period included a total of 825.7 years of risk. Two cases of endometrial carcinoma were reported. Neither case was detected by surveillance scanning. Both cases presented at an early stage with symptoms and were subsequently cured.CONCLUSIONSEndometrial carcinoma surveillance in hereditary colorectal carcinoma may not offer obvious clinical benefits. Cancer 2002;94:1708–12. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10380
Expression of tumor rejection antigens in colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Sasatomi Teruo , Suefuji Yuichi , Matsunaga Kazuko , Yamana Hideaki , Miyagi Yoshiaki , Araki Yasumi , Ogata Yutaka , Itoh Kyogo , Shirouzu Kazuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors recently reported that the SART2 and SART3 antigens encode tumor epitopes recognized by HLA‐A24‐restricted and tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) established from esophageal carcinoma patients. The current study investigated these antigens to explore a potential molecule for specific immunotherapy for colorectal carcinoma patients.METHODSThe SART2 and SART3 antigens were investigated by Western blotting in colorectal carcinoma cell lines and in cancer tissues. For induction of CTLs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA A‐24‐positive cancer patients were stimulated in vitro with peptides.RESULTSThe 140 kD SART3 antigen was expressed in both the cytosol and nuclear fractions of all six colon carcinoma cell lines, 27 of 41 (65.9%) cytosol fractions, 30 of 41 (73.2%) nuclear fractions of colorectal carcinoma tissue samples, and in 0 of 7 non‐tumorous tissues. The 100 kD SART2 antigen was expressed in the cytosol fractions of 2 of 6 colon carcinoma cell lines, 5 of 20 (25%) cytosol fractions of colorectal carcinoma tissue samples, and in 0 of 7 non tumorous tissues. HLA‐A24‐restricted CTLs cytotoxic to colon carcinoma cells were induced from PBMCs of colon carcinoma patients by stimulation with the two immunogenic peptides of SART3.CONCLUSIONSThe SART3 antigen could be an appropriate target molecule for specific immunotherapy for colorectal carcinoma patients. Cancer 2002;94:1636–41. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10421
Abnormal positioning of granule cells alters afferent fiber distribution in the mouse fascia dentata: Morphologic evidence from reeler, apolipoprotein E receptor 2‐, and very low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice
Authors: Gebhardt Carl , Del Turco Domenico , Drakew Alexander , Tielsch Albrecht , Herz Joachim , Frotscher Michael , Deller Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fascia dentata of the hippocampal formation is characterized by the nonoverlapping and lamina‐specific termination of afferent fibers: entorhinal fibers terminate in the outer molecular layer and commissural/associational fibers terminate in the inner molecular layer. It has been proposed that this fiber lamination depends on the presence of the correct postsynaptic partner at the time of fiber ingrowth during development. Pioneer neurons that guide afferent fibers to their correct layers as well as signals located on granule cells have both been implicated. To study the role of granule cells for the lamina‐specific ingrowth of afferents, the cyto‐ and fiberarchitecture of three mouse mutants (very low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mouse, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 knockout mouse, and reeler mouse) that show different degrees of granule cell migration defects were analyzed. Anterograde tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin was used to visualize the afferent fiber systems, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the position of their putative target cells. In controls, granule cells are packed in a single layer. This laminar organization is mildly altered in very low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice, moderately disturbed in apolipoprotein E receptor 2 knockout mice, and severely disrupted in reeler mice. These changes in granule cell distribution are mirrored by the distribution of commissural fibers. In contrast, changes in granule cell distribution do not severely affect the laminar termination of entorhinal fibers. These data provide further evidence for a role of granule cells in the laminar termination of commissural/associational afferents to the fascia dentata. J. Comp. Neurol. 445:278–292, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.