bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving binding times without explicit CPS-conversion
Authors: Bondorf Anders 
Published: January 2005

A major obstacle in partial evaluation (program specialization) is the need for
binding time improvements
. By reorganizing a source program, the residual programs obtained by specializing the source program may be improved: more computations can be done statically, that is, at specialization time.

One well-known effective reorganization is (manual or automatic) conversion into
continuation passing style
(cps). This conversion allows data
consumers
to be propagated through
frozen
expressions to the data
producers
. In this paper we show how such improvements can be obtained without affecting the source program:
by writing the program specializer itself in cps
; traditionally, specialization has been formulated in direct style.

The advantages of avoiding cps-converting source programs are: (1) no cps-conversion phase is needed; (2) the generated residual programs are not in cps; (3) since no source level continuations are added, there is no overhead of manipulating closure representations in the generating extensions (e.g. compilers) obtained by self-application; (4) manual “binding time debugging” is easier since binding time analysis is done on a non-converted program.
We have implemented a cps-based program specializer; it is integrated in the partial evaluator Similix 4.0.

Using a cps-specializer,
partially static data structures
can be handled safely in a straightforward way. The difficulty is to ensure automatically that residual expressions that become part of a partially static data structure are neither duplicated nor discarded. This is achieved by binding such residual expressions in automatically inserted frozen let-expressions; cps is needed to propagate operations on the partially static data structure through these frozen let-expressions. Based on this idea, we have implemented an extension of Similix 4.0 that handles partially static data structures.
Polymorphic type reconstruction for garbage collection without tags
Authors: Goldberg Benjamin , Gloger Michael 
Published: January 2005

Several papers, have recently claimed that garbage collection can be performed on untagged data in the presence of ML-style type polymorphism. They rely on the ability to reconstruct the type of any reachable object during garbage collection. The bad news is that this is false—there can be reachable objects in the program whose type cannot be determined by the garbage collector. The good news is that tag-free garbage collection can be performed anyway—any object whose type cannot be determined by the collector is, in fact, garbage. Such objects can be discarded by the collector. This is the key result of this paper.
We present a type reconstruction algorithm that can determine the type of any non-garbage object. Unfortunately, the implementation of the tag-free collector for a polymorphically typed language is difficult in ways that were not described in the previous papers, and we address some implementation issues as well. However, we mainly describe how to perform type reconstruction during garbage collection and do not attempt to address practical issues of the garbage collection process.
Parsers in ML
Authors: Mauny Michel , de Rauglaudre Daniel 
Published: January 2005

We present the operational semantics of streams and stream matching as discussed in. Streams are data structures such as lists, but with different primitive operations. Streams not only provide an interface to usual imput/output channels, but may used as a data structure
per se
, holding any kind of element. A special pattern matching construct is dedicated to streams and the actual matching process will be called
parsing
.

The primary parsing semantics that we propose here is predictive parsing, i.e. recursive descent semantics with a one token look-ahead: although this choice seems to restrict us to the recognition of LL9(1) languages, we show by examples that full functionality and parameter passing allow us to write parsers for complex languages. The operational semantics of parsers is given by transforming parsers into regular functions.
We introduce a non-strict semantics of streams by translating stream expression into more classical data structures; we also investigate different sharing mechanisms for some of the stream operations.
Continuation-based partial evaluation
Authors: Lawall Julia L. , Danvy Olivier 
Published: January 2005

Binding-time improvements aim at making partial evaluation (a.k.a. program specialization) yield a better result. They have been achieved so far mostly by hand-transforming the source program. We observe that as they are better understood, these hand-transformations are progressively integrated into partial evaluators, thereby alleviating the need for source-level binding-time improvements.
Control-based binding-time improvements, for example, follow this pattern: they have evolved from ad-hoc source-level rewrites to a systematic source-level transformation into continuation-passing style (CPS). Recently, Bondorf has explicitly integrated the CPS transformation into the specializer, thus partly alleviating the need for source-level CPS transformation. This CPS integration is remarkably effective but very complex and goes beyond a simple CPS transformation. We show that it can be achieved directly by using the control operators shift and reset, which provide access to the current continuation as a composable procedure.
We automate, reproduce, and extend Bondorf's results, and describe how this approach scales up to hand-writing partial-evaluation compilers. The first author has used this method to bootstrap the new release of Consel's partial evaluator Schism. The control operators not only allow the partial evaluator to remain in direct style, but also can speed up partial evaluation significantly.
The Image of Jesus Christ in the Jesus Films Used in Missionary Work
Authors: Bakker Freek 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article starts with a short introduction to the history of films about Jesus Christ. These were already produced in 1897, within two years of the first ever showing of any film. At first the churches seemed to react positively, but later their attitude reversed. Later yet the churches changed their minds again. Since 1979 the concept of translating the gospel into film language gained an increasing adherence. The theological portraits of Jesus in the two films most used in missions and missionary work are analysed. Furthermore the impact of these films is dealt with.
Sun-Synchronous Robotic Exploration: Technical Description and Field Experimentation
Authors: Wettergreen David , Tompkins Paul , Urmson Chris , Wagner Michael , Whittaker William 
Published: January 2005

Sun-synchronous robotic exploration is accomplished by reasoning about sunlight: where the Sun is in the sky, where and when shadows will fall, and how much power can be obtained through various courses of action. We conducted experiments in the Canadian high arctic using a solar-powered rover to prove the concept of Sun-synchronous exploration. Using knowledge of orbital mechanics, local terrain, and locomotion power, the rover Hyperion planned Sun-synchronous routes to visit designated sites while obtaining the necessary solar power for continuous operation. Hyperion executed its plan, beginning and ending each 24-h period with batteries fully charged, after traveling two circuits of more than 6 km in barren, Mars-like terrain. The objective of the Sun-Synchronous Navigation project (http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/sunsync) was to create hardware and software technologies needed to realize Sun-synchronous exploration and to validate these technologies in field experimentation. In the process, we learned important technical lessons regarding rover mechanism, motion control, planning algorithms, and system architecture. In this paper we describe the concept of Sun-synchronous exploration. We overview the design of the robot Hyperion and the software system that enables it to operate in synchrony with the Sun. We then discuss results and lessons from analysis of our field experiments. This paper describes rover and planetary exploration research at Carnegie Mellon during 2000-2002.
Task Planning With Active Sensing For Autonomous Compliant Motion
Authors: Lefebvre Tine , Bruyninckx Herman , De Schutter Joris 
Published: January 2005

Previous research has shown that the execution of contact tasks under uncertainty benefits from on-line estimation of the geometrical contact parameters, such as positions, orientations and dimensions of the contacting objects. However, the constant translational and rotational velocities commonly used to trigger the contact formation (CF) transitions are often not sufficiently exciting to estimate all geometrical parameters. In this paper, we focus on the calculation of a fine-motion task plan, which improves the observation of inaccurately known geometrical parameters. This is called active sensing. Our approach to active sensing is to optimize the task plan (i) by minimizing an objective function, such as the expected execution time, which is an important criterion in industrial applications, and (ii) by constraining the task plans to plans which observe the geometrical parameter estimates to the required accuracy. Active sensing for compliant motion is a new research area. Hence, this paper primarily aims at formulating the active sensing problem and decoupling it into smaller optimization problems. The main contributions of this paper are (i) the definition of the CF-observable parameter space, which allows us to decouple the active sensing requirement for the task plan into a requirement for the CF sequence and requirements for the active sensing motions in each CF, and (ii) the description of practical (suboptimal) solutions and heuristics, making on-line replanning feasible.
A Probability-Based Similarity Measure for Saupe Alignment Tensors with Applications to Residual Dipolar Couplings in NMR Structural Biology
Authors: Yan Anthony K. , Langmead Christopher J. , Donald Bruce Randall 
Published: January 2005

High-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural biology and NMR structural genomics pose a fascinating set of geometric challenges. A key bottleneck in NMR structural biology is the resonance assignment problem. We seek to accelerate protein NMR resonance assignment and structure determination by exploiting a priori structural information. In particular, a method known as nuclear vector replacement (NVR) has been proposed as a method for solving the assignment problem given a priori structural information. Among several different types of input data, NVR uses a particular type of NMR data known as residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). The basic physics of RDCs tells us that the data should be explainable by a structural model and set of parameters contained within the “Saupe alignment tensor”. In the NVR algorithm, one estimates the Saupe alignment tensors and then proceeds to refine those estimates. We would like to quantify the accuracy of such estimates, where we compare the estimated Saupe matrix to the correct Saupe matrix. In this work, we propose a way to quantify this comparison. Given a correct Saupe matrix and an estimated Saupe matrix, we compute an upper bound on the probability that a randomly rotated Saupe tensor would have an error smaller than the estimated Saupe matrix. This has the advantage of being a quantified upper bound, which also has a clear interpretation in terms of geometry and probability. While the specific application of our rotation probability results is given to NVR, our novel methods can be used for any RDC-based algorithm to bound the accuracy of the estimated alignment tensors. Furthermore, they could also be used in X-ray crystallography or molecular docking to quantitate the accuracy of calculated rotations of proteins, protein domains, nucleic acids, or small molecules.
Bermuda, tourism and the visiting cruise sector: Strategies for sustained growth
Authors: Dale Crispin , Robinson Neil 
Published: January 2005

Previous studies have analysed the impact tourism has had on the economic, physical and socio-cultural environment of small islands and highlighted the need for a ‘sustainable’ approach to the management of tourism in these areas. However, there has been minimal analysis of sustainability issues on small islands from a marketing perspective. This paper attempts to readdress this balance by providing an analysis, from a sustainable marketing perspective, of Bermuda’s cruise market and its total tourism product. A number of potential strategies are suggested to ensure that Bermuda has sustained growth in the future. The intention of the paper is to analyse Bermuda in the context of the cruise holiday market. The discussion will initially analyse the significance of tourism to Bermuda and evaluate its present situation in terms of tourist arrivals. The paper will then go on to address a number of sustainable marketing issues and apply these to Bermuda’s present market postion. The nature of the global cruise market and the developments that are occurring within this sector will then be analysed and finally a number of possible marketing strategies for sustainable growth with in Bermuda will be suggested.
Accreditation of Queensland Visitor Information Centres: A consumer-based perspective
Authors: Hobbin Sarina 
Published: January 2005

Visitor Information Centres (VICs) in Queensland play an important role in the rourism equation, particularly from a regional perspective, although their influence on the flow and distribution of visitors tos and within queensland and their impact on subsequent travel and expenditure in the region have been unclear. This study was therefore undertaken to provide an exploratory insight into these influences from a Queensland perspective, and to provide a consumer-based perspective on Queensland’s VIC Accreditation Program. Broadly speaking, the study found that the VICs surveyed do generate a modest, net increase in visitor nights and expenditure in their regions. Their influence in the trip-planning process prior to leaving for the trip appears to be minimal; however, once in the region VICs play an important and influential role in assisting visitors to decide what to see and do. Visitors were highly satisfied with the products and service provided by the VICs used in the study.
Internet marketing strategies used by travel agencies in Australia
Authors: Standing Craig , Vasudavan Thandarayan 
Published: January 2005

Traditionally retail travel agenices have acted as intermediaries between airline companies and wholsale travel companies and the consumer. The Internet and the World wide Web provide a whole new set of challenges and opportunities for this business sector. The major threat stems from airlines and wholesale travel companies offering their products and services directly to the customer without the assistance of travel agencies. Large online agencies have gained significant attention in the travel industry and provide some evidence of a restructuring of the travel industry sector. Although there has been much speculation in terms of the impact of the Internet and the threat of sidintermediation, there has been little work carried out on the Internet marketing models and strategies that travel agencies have adopted. This paper reports the findings of a large survey of Australian travel agencies’ websites and the marketing methods used. The survey analysed the functionality of the travel agencies’ webites, the marketing models used, and the types of information provided in the websites. The results found that the majority of agencies had a Yellow Pages or cyber brochure model for their website. A small percentage of websites allowed transactions to e performed but a significant number provided information on a range of destination and service-related topics. Approximately half of the sites monitored captured information on the Internet surfer but interestingly fewer captured the surfer’s e-mail address. The paper offers suggestions for travel agencies in using the Internet as a marketing tool and proposes ways for them to re-engineer their businesses via the Internet.
Non-metamict betafite from Le Carcarelle (Vico volcanic complex, Italy): occurrence and crystal structure
Authors: Cámara F. , Williams C. T. , Della Ventura G. , Oberti R. , Caprilli E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNon-metamict betafite, a pyrochlore-group mineral with general formulaA2−mB2XO6Y(O,OH,F)1−n·pH2O and 2 Ti > Nb+Ta and U > 20% at theAsite, has been found at Le Carcarelle, (Latium, Italy). It occurs within miarolitic cavities of a foid-bearing syenitic ejectum enclosed within the pyroclastic formation known as “ignimbrite C”, which belongs to the main effusive phase of the Vico volcanic complex. The host rock is composed of K-feldspar, biotite, augitic clinopyroxene, magnetite and minor sodalite. Electron microprobe analyses gave the following crystal-chemical formula: (Ca1.24Na0.17U0.49REE0.03)Σ=1.93(Ti1.05Nb0.76Zr0.14Fe0.04Ta0.01)Σ=2.00O6(O,OH). Compared with other occurrences reported in the mineralogical literature, betafite from Le Carcarelle is extremely enriched in U and depleted in Th. Due to its young age of formation (∼150 k.y.), this betafite sample is highly crystalline, thus allowing structure refinement of unheated material. Betafite from Le Carcarelle is cubicFdm, witha= 10.2637(13) Å, andV= 1081.21(35) Å3, and has a smallerAsite (consistent with the higher U content), and a larger and more distortedBsite (consistent with the higher Ti content) than calciobetafite from Campi Flegrei, Italy (Mazzi and Munno, 1983). Analysis of the atomic displacement parameters provides evidence for static disorder at theXsite.
Euhedral crystals of ferroan platinum, cooperite and mertieite-II from alluvial sediments of the Darya river, Aldan Shield, Russia
Authors: Shcheka G. G. , Solianik A. N. , Lehmann B. , Bieniok A. , Amthauer G. , Topa D. , Laflamme J. H. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIdiomorphic crystals (up to 3.5 mm) of ferroan platinum, cooperite and mertieite-II were found in a heavy-mineral concentrate from stream sediments of the Darya river in the Aldan Shield, Russia. Pt-Fe crystals display cubic and thin platy habits; occasionally they are twinned. The chemical composition ranges from Pt2.64Fe1.00to Pt2.88Fe1.00with Os, Ru, Ir, Rh and Pd below the analytical detection limit of the electron microprobe. X-ray diffractometry of Pt-Fe crystals suggests a F-centred cubic lattice, characteristic of ferroan platinum. Some of the ferroan platinum crystals have large (about 100 μm wide) cooperite overgrowth rims or are covered by a Au-Ag alloy. Cooperite also occurs as large euhedral crystals (up to 3 mm across, partly twinned). Crystals of mertieite-II are speckled with μm-sized (2–5 μm) inclusions of sperrylite and intergrown with minerals of cooperite-braggite solid solution, Pt-Pd-Hg alloy, keithconnite and Au-Ag alloy. Fractures along crystallographic planes of the mertieite-II crystals are filled with Pd-Pt-Fe-Sb-As-Hg-Te-Bi-bearing oxides. The coarse-grained PGM from the Darya have a geological setting similar to the Kondyor PGE placer 75 km to the northeast and are probably related to clinopyroxenite-hornblende-magnetite units of Alaskan-/Uralian-type intrusions.
Seismic-frequency attenuation at first-order phase transitions: dynamical mechanical analysis of pure and Ca-doped lead orthophosphate
Authors: Harrison R. J. , Redfern S. A. T. , Bismayer U. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe low-frequency mechanical properties of pure and Ca-doped lead orthophosphate, (Pb1–xCax)3(PO4)2, have been studied using simultaneous dynamical mechanical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical video microscopy in the vicinity of the first-order ferroelastic phase transition. Both samples show mechanical softening at T > Tc, which is attributed to the presence of dynamic short-range order and microdomains. Stress-induced nucleation of the low-temperature ferroelastic phase within the hightemperature paraelastic phase was observed directly via optical microscopy at T ≈ Tc. Phase coexistence is associated with rapid mechanical softening and a peak in attenuation, P1, that varies systematically with heating rate and measuring frequency. A second peak, P2, occurs ≈3–5°C below Tc, accompanied by a rapid drop in the rate of mechanical softening. This is attributed to the change in mode of anelastic response from the displacement of the paraelastic/ferroelastic phase interface to the displacement of domain walls within the ferroelastic phase. Both the advancement/retraction of needles (W walls) and wall translation/rotation (W′ walls) modes of anelastic response were identified by optical microscopy and XRD. A third peak, P3, occurring ≈ 15°C below Tc, is attributed to the freezing-out of local flip disorder within the coarse ferroelastic domains. A fourth peak, P4, occurs at a temperature determined by the amplitude of the dynamic force. This peak is attributed to the crossover between the saturation (high temperature) and the superelastic(low temperature) regimes. Both samples display large superelastic softening due to domain wall sliding in the ferroelastic phase. Softening factors of 20 and 5 are observed in the pure and doped samples, respectively, suggesting that there is a significant increase in the intrinsic elastic constants (and hence the restoring force on a displaced domain wall) with increasing Ca content. No evidence for domain freezing was observed down to −150°C in either sample, although a pronounced peak in attenuation, P5, at T ≈ −100°C is tentatively attributed to the interaction between domain walls and lattice defects.Both samples show similar high values of attenuation within the domain-wall sliding regime. It is concluded that the magnitude of attenuation for ferroelastic materials in this regime is determined by the intrinsic energy dissipation caused by the wall-phonon interaction, and not by the presence of lattice defects. This will have a large impact on attempts to predict the effect of domain walls on seismic properties of mantle minerals at high temperature and pressure.
The development of X-ray photo-emission electron microscopy (XPEEM) for valence-state imaging of mineral intergrowths
Authors: Smith A. D. , Schofield P. F. , Cressey G. , Cressey B. A. , Read P. D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe demonstrate the potential of X-ray photo-emission electron microscopy (XPEEM) to reveal valence-state images of the spatial distribution and relative concentration of metals in specific oxidation states. Additionally, XPEEM allows X-ray absorption spectra to be extracted from chosen pixel areas of the images. Using an in-house-built XPEEM instrument we show an application of the method in providing valence-state images of complex mineral intergrowths. The image resolution achieved with this instrument of simple design was ∼5 μm and reasonable quality X-ray absorption spectra were extracted from areas of ∼5×5 μm. These initial results suggest that by using commercial XPEEM instruments on 3rd generation, high-brightness synchrotron sources a spatial resolution of 100 nm or better could be achieved, with the ability to extract high-quality X-ray absorption spectra from areas of 0.1 μm2. Given that standard thin sections or polished blocks can be studied by XPEEM, and that each XPEEM image records ∼1000 μm2, XPEEM can be used in conjunction with other analytical methods such as EMPA and TEM-EELS/PEELS.