bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pectoral fin and girdle development in the basal actinopterygians Polyodon spathula and Acipenser transmontanus
Authors: Davis Marcus C. , Shubin Neil H. , Force Allan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe pectoral fins of Acipenseriformes possess endoskeletons with elements homologous to both the fin radials of teleosts and the limb bones of tetrapods. Here we present a study of pectoral fin development in the North American paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, and the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, which reveals that aspects of both teleost and tetrapod endoskeletal patterning mechanisms are present in Acipenseriformes. Those elements considered homologous to teleost radials, the propterygium and the mesopterygial radials, form via subdivision of an initially chondrogenic plate of mesenchymal cells called the endoskeletal disc. In Acipenseriformes, elements homologous to the sarcopterygian metapterygium develop separately from the endoskeletal disc as an outgrowth of the endoskeletal shoulder girdle that extends into the posterior margin of the finbud. As in tetrapods, the elongating metapterygium and the metapterygial radials form in a proximal to distal order as discrete condensations from initially nonchondrogenic mesenchyme. Patterns of variation seen in the Acipenseriform fin also correlate with putative homology: all variants from the “normal” fin bauplan involved the metapterygium and the metapterygial radials alone. The primary factor distinguishing Polyodon and Acipenser fin development from each other is the composition of the endoskeletal extracellular matrix. Proteoglycans (visualized with Alcian Blue) and Type II collagen (visualized by immunohistochemistry) are secreted in different places within the mesenchymal anlage of the fin elements and girdle and at different developmental times. Acipenseriform pectoral fins differ from the fins of teleosts in the relative contribution of the endoskeleton and dermal rays. The fins of Polyodon and Acipenser possess elaborate endoskeletons overlapped along their distal margins by dermal lepidotrichia. In contrast, teleost fins generally possess relatively small endoskeletal radials that articulate with the dermal fin skeleton terminally, with little or no proximodistal overlap. J. Morphol. 262:608–628, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupled‐column liquid chromatography method with photochemically induced derivatization for the direct determination of benzoylureas in vegetables
Authors: Gil García María Dolores , Barranco Martínez Dolores , Martínez Galera María , Parrilla Vázquez Piedad 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe coupled‐column (LC‐LC) system, consisting of a first column packed with internal surface reversed phase (ISRP) (50×4.6 mm ID) and a Chrompack C18 (100×4.6 mm ID) as second column, allowed the simultaneous determination of five benzoylurea insecticides in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) extracts of vegetable samples without any clean‐up step. This system was combined with a photochemically induced fluorescence (PIF) post‐column derivatization in order to provide strongly fluorescent photoproducts from the non‐fluorescent benzoylureas. Limits of detection ranged from 0.21 to 0.98 μg L–1 of pesticide (equivalent to 0.14–0.65 μg kg–1 in vegetable samples) and limits of determination ranged from 4.0 to 10.0 μg L–1 (equivalent to 2.7–6.7 μg kg–1). Linearity of the method was established between 2 and 1800 μg L–1, depending upon the compound. Validation of the total method was performed by randomly analyzing recoveries of four vegetable samples (aubergine, cucumber, green bean, and tomato) spiked at two levels of concentration (10.0 and 33.3 μg kg–1). The combination of the LC‐LC system with PIF detection provides a sensitive, selective, and rapid method for the determination of pesticides in vegetable samples at levels lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established for these compounds by Spanish legislation.
Liquid chromatography analysis of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin isomers on porous graphitic carbon
Authors: Jacquet Romain , Pennanec Rodolphe , Elfakir Claire , Lafosse Michel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe retention behaviour of the three positional isomers of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin was investigated on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column. The influence of the mobile phase composition (nature and concentration of organic and electronic modifiers) was studied as well as the effect of column temperature. These hydrophilic and anionic analytes were highly retained on the PGC stationary phase compared to octadecyl bonded phases. The retention is mainly governed by a reversed‐phase mechanism with electronic interaction playing a secondary role. An increase in solute retention and efficiency with temperature was observed. Successful isocratic separation with satisfactory baseline resolution of the three isomers of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin was achieved at 75°C on a Hypercarb column by using ammonium acetate as electronic modifier in water‐acetonitrile (83 : 17). The chromatographic methodology developed can be easily used for relative quantification of each isomer within a mixture and can be applied for semi‐preparative purification of each one. The evaporative light scattering detector allows the detection of these non UV‐visible absorbing molecules.
Cow's milk allergens identification by two‐dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry
Authors: Natale Massimo , Bisson Carolina , Monti Giovanna , Peltran Amalia , Perono Garoffo Lorenza , Valentini Sabina , Fabris Claudio , Bertino Enrico , Coscia Alessandra , Conti Amedeo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCow's milk allergy (CMA) has become a common disease in early childhood, its prevalence ranging from 1.6% to 2.8% among children younger than 2 years of age. The role of different cow's milk protein (CMP) in the pathogenesis of CMA is still controversial. Even if the proteins most frequently and most intensively recognized by immunoglobulin E (IgE) seem to be the most abundant in milk (caseins and β‐lactoglobulin), with an although great variability all milk proteins appear to be potential allergens, even those that are present in trace amounts (i. e., lactoferrin, IgG, and BSA). In this work proteomics techniques have been applied for CMP allergens analysis. Allergens have been identified by immunoblotting following resolution of CMP components by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Sera from 20 milk‐allergic subjects, as proven by oral provocation test, CAP‐RAST and skin prick test, have been used for cow's milk major allergen identification. Cow's milk proteins and their isoforms were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF)‐mass spectrometry. In our group of patients, the prevalence of CMP allergens, i. e., the total number of subjects sensitized to CMP divided by the total number of the subjects enrolled in the study, was: 55% αs1‐casein, 90% αs2‐casein, 15% β‐casein, 50% κ‐casein, 45% β‐lactoglobulin, 45% BSA, 95% IgG‐heavy chain, 50% lactoferrin, and 0% α‐lactalbumin.
Scheduling recurrent construction
Authors: Schmitt Thomas , Faaland Bruce 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA problem we call recurrent construction involves manufacturing large, complex, expensive products such as airplanes, houses, and ships. Customers order configurations of these products well in advance of due dates for delivery. Early delivery may not be permitted. How should the manufacturer determine when to purchase and release materials before fabrication, assembly, and delivery? Major material expenses, significant penalties for deliveries beyond due dates, and long product makespans in recurrent construction motivate choosing a release timetable that maximizes the net present value of cash flows. Our heuristic first projects an initial schedule that dispatches worker teams to tasks for the backlogged products, and then solves a series of maximal closure problems to find material release times that maximize NPV. This method compares favorably with other well‐known work release heuristics in solution quality for large problems over a wide range of operating conditions, including order strength, cost structure, utilization level, batch policy, and uncertainty level. Computation times exhibit near linear growth in problem size. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004
Role of mesangial Factor V expression in crescent formation in rat experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ono Takahiko , Liu Ning , Makino Toshiaki , Nogaki Fumiaki , Nomura Keiko , Muso Eri , Shimizu Fujio , Honda Gisho , Kita Toru 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt has been suggested that fibrin deposition participates in the development of crescents in active glomerulonephritis (GN). In human IgA nephropathy, which is a common form of mesangioproliferative GN (MsPGN), crescent formation is occasionally observed in active disease, leading to end‐stage renal failure. Factor V is a membrane‐bound potent cofactor for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by Factor Xa. An in vivo study was conducted to clarify the contribution of local fibrin production to crescent formation in MsPGN through mesangial Factor V expression. Wistar rats were injected intravenously with rabbit anti‐rat thymocyte serum. Three days after injection, mesangiolysis with intense mesangial Factor V expression was observed and immunoelectron microscopy revealed fibrin localization in mesangiolytic lesions, which had spread into the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the destroyed mesangium, accompanied by clots in Bowman's space. Marked glomerular fibrin deposition, together with its deposition in Bowman's space and cellular crescent formation, was noted with mesangial proliferation on day 8. Specific bands for Factor V mRNA were also detected from isolated glomeruli. Fibrin deposition and cellular crescent formation were significantly suppressed by treatment with anti‐Factor V antibody. These results suggest that local fibrin production, following mesangial Factor V expression, together with mesangiolysis that spreads to the adjacent glomerular basement membrane, plays a role in crescent formation in MsPGN. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human tuberculous granulomas induce peripheral lymphoid follicle‐like structures to orchestrate local host defence in the lung
Authors: Ulrichs Timo , Kosmiadi George A , Trusov Vsevolod , Jörg Sabine , Pradl Lydia , Titukhina Marina , Mishenko Vladimir , Gushina Nadya , Kaufmann Stefan HE 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe human tuberculous granuloma provides the morphological basis for local immune processes central to the outcome of tuberculosis. Because of the scarcity of information in human patients, the aim of the present study was to gain insights into the functional and structural properties of infiltrated tissue. To this end, the mycobacterial load in lesions and dissemination to different tissue locations were investigated, as well as distribution, biological functions, and interactions of host immune cells. Analysis of early granuloma formation in formerly healthy lung tissue revealed a spatio‐temporal sequence of cellular infiltration to sites of mycobacterial infection. A general structure of the developing granuloma was identified, comprising an inner cell layer with few CD8+ cells surrounding the necrotic centre and an outer area of lymphocyte infiltration harbouring mycobacteria‐containing antigen‐presenting cells as well as CD4+, CD8+, and B cells in active follicle‐like centres resembling secondary lymphoid organs. It is concluded that the follicular structures in the peripheral rim of granulomas serve as a morphological substrate for the orchestration of the enduring host response in pulmonary tuberculosis. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yann‐Jang , Lin Shu‐Chun , Kao Tsai , Chang Che‐Shoa , Hong Pei‐She , Shieh Tzong‐Ming , Chang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy, the incidence of which is particularly high in some Asian countries due to the geographically linked areca quid (AQ) chewing habit. In this study, array‐based comparative genomic hybridization was used to screen microdissected OSCCs for genome‐wide alterations. The highest frequencies of gene gain were detected for TP63, Serpine1, FGF4/FGF3, c‐Myc and DMD. The highest frequencies of deletion were detected for Caspase8 and MTAP. Gained genes, classified by hierarchical clustering, were mainly on 17q21–tel; 20q; 11q13; 3q27–29 and the X chromosome. Among these, gains of EGFR at 7p, FGF4/FGF3, CCND1 and EMS1 at 11q13, and AIB1 at 20q were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. The genomic profiles of FHIT and EXT1 in AQ‐associated and non‐AQ‐associated OSCCs exhibited the most prominent differences. RT‐PCR confirmed the significant increase of TP63 and Serpine1 mRNA expression in OSCC relative to non‐malignant matched tissue. A significant increase in Serpine1 immunoreactivity was observed from non‐malignant matched tissue to OSCC. However, there was no correlation between the frequent genomic loss of Caspase 8 and a significant decrease in Caspase8 expression. These data demonstrate that genomic profiling can be useful in analysing pathogenetic events involved in the genesis or progression of OSCC. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternatively spliced isoforms of fibronectin in immune‐mediated glomerulosclerosis: the role of TGFβ and IL‐4
Authors: Baelde Hans J , Eikmans Michael , van Vliet Anita I , Bergijk Eline C , Heer Emile de , Bruijn Jan A 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFibronectin (FN) is the main extracellular matrix component in glomerulosclerotic lesions. There are different FN isoforms that result from alternative splicing at the EDA and EDB regions of FN mRNA. Increased inclusion of EDA and EDB, which can be elicited by TGFβ, may be conducive to the development of glomerulosclerosis (GS). TGFβ and IL‐4 have previously been shown to play a role in the development of GS. In this study, the mRNA splicing patterns for EDA+ and EDB+ fibronectin were investigated in vivo in various experimental sclerotic glomerulopathies, in vitro in rat mesangial cells (MC) that were stimulated by TGFβ or transfected with IL‐4, and in human kidney biopsies with GS from patients with various kidney diseases. Analysis of glomerular FN mRNA demonstrated inclusion of both ED regions in rats with anti‐Thy1 nephritis or chronic serum sickness and in mice with anti‐GBM glomerulonephritis. Inclusion of both the EDA and EDB regions was associated with glomerular TGFβ expression. In contrast, in mice with Th2‐mediated graft‐versus‐host disease, a model for lupus nephritis, the FN transcripts included neither the EDA nor the EDB region, and renal TGFβ expression was absent. Compared to normal MCs in culture, MCs transfected with IL‐4 produced lower amounts of FN and demonstrated less EDA inclusion, while MC that had been treated with TGFβ showed increased production of FN and more EDA inclusion. Renal biopsies from patients with renal diseases, except those taken from patients with lupus nephritis, showed higher TGFβ levels, higher FN levels, and more EDA inclusion than controls. TGFβ may be a key player in the development of GS by inducing local FN production and alternative splicing of FN mRNA. In lupus glomerulonephritis, in which the involvement of TGFβ in GS is less prominent, Th2 cytokines such as IL‐4 probably account for increased intrarenal collagen synthesis and subsequent FN accumulation from the circulation. In conclusion, neither alternative FN splicing, nor a high transcription level of TGFβ, appears to be a general prerequisite for the development of GS. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochemical attachment of polymers on planar surfaces with a covalently anchored monolayer of a novel naphthyl ketone photochemical radical generator
Authors: Dayananda K. , Dhamodharan R. , Vijayakumaran K. , Rajamannar T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA monolayer of covalently anchored, novel, binaphthyl ketone is used as a surface‐confined photochemical radical generator (PRG) for anchoring a variety of polymers to silicon surfaces. The precursor PRG is synthesized by the application of a facile and novel method for the oxidation of sterically hindered benzylic hydrocarbons to carbonyl compounds. Oxidation was carried out with a stoichiometric amount of potassium peroxydisulfate, in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper sulfate in an acetonitrile/water mixture. The PRG synthesized is characterized by 1H NMR, UV, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The covalently attached monolayers are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and water contact angle measurements. The method developed is applicable to the preparation of a monolayer of a variety of polymers on a wide range of substrates carrying surface hydroxyl groups. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5413–5423, 2004
Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane anionomers with bisazoaromatic chromophores and carboxylate groups
Authors: Buruiana Tinca , Buruiana Emil C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA new diol with a bisazoaromatic pendant was prepared to obtain photosensible polymers suitable for dyed aqueous systems. A polyurethane bearing bisazoaromatic chromophores, based on a poly(tetramethylene oxide) diol (average molecular weight = 2000), 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate, and the aforementioned azo diol, was synthesized and characterized. Bichromophoric polyurethane anionomers, prepared by a two‐step substitution of urethane hydrogen atoms with sodium carboxylate groups, were studied. The influence of the concentration of carboxylate groups (30–158 mequiv of ionic groups/100 g of polymer) on some polymer properties and photoisomerism in polymer solutions and thin films was examined. In particular, the polymer structure and its morphology dictated the proximity of anchored bisazo chromophores and the capability of intermolecular forces between dyes producing hydrogen aggregates in solutions and thin films. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5463–5470, 2004
Influence of the type of epoxy hardener on the structure and properties of interpenetrated vinyl ester/epoxy resins
Authors: Gryshchuk O. , Karger‐Kocsis J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe morphology–toughness relationship of vinyl ester/cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrid resins of interpenetrating network (IPN) structures was studied as a function of the epoxy hardening. The epoxy was crosslinked via polyaddition reactions (with aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diamines), cationic homopolymerization (via a boron trifluoride complex), and maleic anhydride. Maleic anhydride worked as a dual‐phase crosslinking agent by favoring the formation of a grafted IPN structure between the vinyl ester and epoxy. The type of epoxy hardener strongly affected the IPN morphology and toughness. The toughness was assessed by linear elastic fracture mechanics, which determined the fracture toughness and energy. The more compact the IPN structure was, the lower the fracture energy was of the interpenetrated vinyl ester/epoxy formulations. This resulted in the following toughness ranking: aliphatic diamine > cycloaliphatic diamine ≥ boron trifluoride complex > maleic anhydride. For IPN characterization, the width of the entangling bands and the surface roughness parameters were considered. Their values were deduced from atomic force microscopy scans taken on ion‐etched surfaces. More compact, less rough IPN‐structured resins possessed lower toughness parameters than less compact, rougher structured ones. The latter were less compatible according to dynamic mechanical thermal and thermogravimetric analyses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5471–5481, 2004
Pediatric interstitial lung disease revisited
Authors: Fan Leland L. , Deterding Robin R. , Langston Claire 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe spectrum of pediatric interstitial lung disease (PILD) includes a diverse group of rare disorders characterized by diffuse infiltrates and disordered gas exchange. Children with these conditions typically present with tachypnea, crackles, and hypoxemia. Recent advances have been made in the identification of different types of PILD that are unique to infancy. More exciting has been the discovery of genetic abnormalities of surfactant function, now described in both children and adults. A systematic evaluation of the child presenting with diffuse infiltrates of unknown etiology is essential to the diagnosis. Most often, lung biopsy is required. Current treatment options remain less than satisfactory, and morbidity and mortality remain considerable. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transnational living and moving experiences: intensified mobility and dual‐career households
Authors: Hardill Irene 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper I use household biographies to extend the discussion of transnational living and working by linking transnationalism with writings on the new economy. I specifically focus on some of the ways in which transnational spatial mobility impacts on the production and reproduction of daily life for a subset of transnational élites, heterosexual dual‐career households who are currently living in Canada, the US and the UK. Combining career development and family life has arguably become ever more complicated in the context of perceptions of a breakdown of employment security in the ‘new economy’ and the rise of dual‐career households. While for many households transnational living is brought about because of the career of one partner, non‐economic factors, such as augmenting their own or their children's cultural and social capital, can also result in households having a transnational dimension. Investment in children in the form of education can take precedence over parental career‐related decisions. In this paper, a number of complex living arrangements are presented, with members of the dual‐career household living in both the sending and receiving country. Some households made the difficult decision of declining an assignment abroad for the wellbeing of the household, but the economic cost was the termination of one career with the organisation that requested one partner's relocation abroad. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility, fixity, agency: Australia's working holiday programme
Authors: Clarke Nick 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRecent writings on transnational corporeal mobility have been dominated by at least two concerns: mobility as ever‐expanding or even complete; and mobility as determined by economic restructuring. In this paper, I confront such writings with empirical material from primarily qualitative research into Australia's working holiday programme, which was established in 1975 to allow British citizens between the ages of 18 and 26 to work and holiday in Australia for a period of up to 12 months. And I confront such writings with M. P. Smith's (2001) agency‐oriented approach to transnational urbanism, which I extend with two arguments. Firstly, since agency is not a simple possession of intent or motivated human beings, the achievement of mobility rests on both human actors and non‐human actants. Secondly, since mobility is not simply increasing, the achievement of mobility rests alongside what we might call relative contingent fixity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.