bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete TDA and RPA Calculations on the Electronic Transitions of Fullerene‐C60 in the CNDO/S and INDO/S Approximations*
Authors: Hara Toshiki , Narita Susumu , Kumei Sukeyuki , Shibuya Tai‐ichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractComplete single‐excitation mixing calculations on the electronic transitions of the icosahedral C60 molecule have been carried out with the Tamm–Dancoff approximation (TDA) and random‐phase approximation (RPA) schemes in the CNDO/S and INDO/S approximations. The complete space of 14,400 (1p–1h) pairs is partitioned into subspaces classified according to the irreducible representations of the Ih group. For this purpose, matrix representations of the group generators are obtained on a fixed set of basis functions and are used to construct the projection operators. Degenerate molecular orbitals in each energy level are symmetry‐adapted to these projection operators. Degenerate (1p–1h) pairs or singly excited configuration wave functions are similarly symmetrized. In addition, the Clebsch–Gordan coefficients are obtained and listed in an Appendix. The TDA and RPA equations are then solved for each irreducible representation separately. Both schemes with the projection operators and with the Clebsch–Gordan coefficients gave the same results as expected, indicating that the calculations were correctly done. The transition energies from the ground state 11Ag to low‐lying singlet and triplet excited states and the oscillator strengths for the allowed transitions (n1T1u–11Ag) are given in tables. A proper way to normalize is discussed for the eigenvectors of the RPA‐type matrix equation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Orexin B immunoreactive fibers and terminals innervate the sensory and motor neurons of jaw‐elevator muscles in the rat
Authors: Zhang Jingdong , Luo Pifu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe relationship between orexinergic terminals and the sensory and motor neurons of jaw‐elevator muscles was examined by means of anti‐orexin B (OXB) immunohistochemistry combined with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing in the rat. HRP was initially injected into the jaw‐elevator muscles; 48 h later the animals were sacrificed and fixed for HRP reaction and anti‐OXB immunohistochemistry. OXB‐like terminals were observed to distribute in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vme) and the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo) where they closely contact the Vme neuronal somata and the Vmo neuronal somata and dendrites retrogradely labeled with HRP. The results of this study provide anatomical evidence of a direct OXB orexinergic innervation of the sensory and motor neurons controlling jaw‐elevator muscles involved in mastication. Its functional significance related to the feeding behavior and bruxism is discussed. Synapse 44:106–110, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential distribution of 5HT2A and NMDA receptors in single cells within the rat medial nucleus of the solitary tract
Authors: Huang Jie , Pickel Virginia M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractActivation of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) receptors of the 2A subtype (5HT2A) in the intermediate portion of the medial nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS) produces marked hypotension and bradycardia. This portion of the mNTS receives major input from glutamatergic baroreceptor afferents. Thus, the cardiorespiratory effects of 5HT2A agonists may be attributed, in part, to interactions involving the glutamatergic target neurons, some of which express N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. To determine the functional sites for activation of 5HT2A receptors and their relationship to NMDA receptors in this region, we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry for the localization of antipeptide antisera selectively recognizing each receptor protein in the intermediate mNTS in rat brain. Of 1,052 5HT2A‐labeled profiles, 38% were dendrites and dendritic spines, 27% were unmyelinated axons, 14% were axon terminals, and 11% were glial processes. These 5HT2A‐labeled profiles frequently contained NR1 gold particles with dendrites comprising 68% of the total dual‐labeled profiles. In dendrites, the 5HT2A immunoreactivity was localized to cytoplasmic organelles or discretely distributed on synaptic or extrasynaptic segments of the plasma membrane. In contrast, NR1 immunoreactivity was prominently localized to postsynaptic junctions and these were distinct from the 5HT2A receptor labeling when coexpressed in the same dendrites. Dendrites containing both receptors composed 56% (224/399) of the total 5HT2A‐labeled dendrites and 34% (224/659) of the total NR1‐labeled dendrites. Our results provide the first ultrastructural evidence that in the intermediate mNTS, 5HT2A receptor agonists may affect the postsynaptic excitability of many of the same neurons that show NMDA‐evoked responses to glutamate. Synapse 44:64–75, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential NR2A and NR2B expression between trigeminal neurons during early postnatal development
Authors: Turman Jack E. , Lee Ophelia K. , Chandler Scott H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors play an important role in the production of rhythmical trigeminal motor activity resembling suckling and chewing. The developmental relationship between the expression of NMDA receptor subunits and the function of neurons comprising brainstem oral–motor circuitry is not clear. We conducted receptor immunohistochemistry studies to demonstrate the expression of NR2A and NR2B subunits in trigeminal motoneurons (Mo5) and mesencephalic trigeminal neurons (Me5) during the first 2 weeks of development. During this time period, rats begin the transition from suckling to chewing, two distinct motor behaviors. In Mo5, NR2A and NR2B immunoreactivity was observed throughout the time frame sampled. A significant increase in the NR2A:NR2B ratio occurred between P3–4 and P11 due to a reduction in the number of NR2B immunoreactive neurons. The temporal and spatial expression of NR2A and NR2B was differentially regulated between caudal and rostral regions of Me5. In contrast to Mo5, the NR2A:NR2B ratio decreased between P0–1 and P11 in caudal Me5 due to a concurrent increase in the number of NR2A and NR2B immunoreactive neurons. In rostral Me5, NR2A and NR2B immunoreactivity emerged at P3 and P11, respectively. Our data provides further insight into the molecular changes of trigeminal neurons during the transition from suckling to chewing behaviors. The differences in the NR2A:NR2B ratio between Mo5 and Me5 suggest functional differences in these neurons during NMDA‐mediated neurotransmission. Synapse 44:76–85, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current and future changes in corporate attitudes to national identity
Authors: Harris Thomas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis commentary is a revised version of a speech that was delivered by the Honorable Thomas Harris to the
Thunderbird community at the Glendale campus on February 6, 2001. Although the speech was delivered in 2001, its
attendant concerns and arguments endure and are germane in today's global business considerations.
Ambassador Harris is presently Her Majesty's Consul General and Director General of British Trade and
Investment in the United States. Following his graduation from Cambridge University, Ambassador Harris joined
the Board of Trade in 1966, and subsequently the British Diplomatic Service. His diplomatic career included
stints in Tokyo, Washington, and Lagos. He has also held various appointments in the Foreign and Commonwealth
Office. His most recent overseas posting was as British Ambassador to Korea between 1993 and 1997. He was later
appointed Director General for Export Promotion in the Department of Trade and Investments (now known as
British Trade International), before taking on his present assignments in New York. As Director General of
British Trade and Investment, he has overall responsibility for the promotion of British trade throughout the
U.S. and for securing investment by U.S. firms in the United Kingdom. In 1995, Ambassador Harris was appointed
by Her Majesty, the Queen of England, to be a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George
(CMG). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interrenal stress responsiveness of marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae, inhabiting Tokyo Bay
Authors: Kakuta Izuru 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe interrenal stress responsiveness of marbled sole (Pleuronectes yokohamae) captured in the interior (Tokyo) and at the mouth (the Uraga Strait; Uraga) of Tokyo Bay, in the coastal region of Onjuku (the eastern coastal region of Chiba prefecture; Pacific) and in Ishinomaki Bay (Ishinomaki) in Japan was investigated. That is, the effects of air‐exposure on plasma cortisol and glucose levels in the fish from the four different regions, and the effect of in vitro ACTH treatment on cortisol release from the head kidney tissue of the fish held under resting conditions were examined. In this study, it was found that (i) there were no significant differences in plasma cortisol and glucose levels among the fish from the four different regions under resting conditions, (ii) each air‐exposed fish increased plasma cortisol and glucose levels, (iii) the cortisol response in marbled sole inhabiting Tokyo Bay, in particular the interior, was lower, delayed and prolonged, and (iv) cortisol release from the head kidney to in vitro ACTH treatment was lower in the fish from Tokyo compared with the fish from the reference (not so polluted) sites, Pacific and Ishinomaki. These results suggest that marbled sole inhabiting Tokyo Bay, in particular the interior, have been altered in their responsiveness of cortisol‐producing interrenal cells to the stressor in the hypothalamus–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) axis. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 1–6, 2002
A study of the family burden of 150 family members of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Lowyck B. , De Hert M. , Peeters E. , Wampers M. , Gilis P. , Peuskens J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeInvestigation into the family burden (FB) of schizophrenic patients has recently risen sharply. Nevertheless, to date there has been little consensus as to what factors influence the FB. The purpose of this study is to acquire a greater insight into the variables that influence the FB.Subjects/MethodsThe FB was measured with the interview for the family burden (Kluiter H, Kramer JJAM, Wiersma D, et al. Interview voor de belasting van de familie 1997 [Interview for the burden on the family]. Department Sociale Psychiatrie. Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit). One hundred and fifty family members (parents/partners) of schizophrenic patients participated in the study.ResultsThe results of our study show (1) that family members experience burden both on a practical and an emotional level, (2) a highly significant correlation between the amount of symptomatic behaviour of the patient and FB, (3) that parents had taken on more tasks, had contributed more financially and had experienced a tenser atmosphere at home than partners did and (4) that family members of patients who have been treated for less than 1 year worry more about the other members of their family than family members of patients who have been receiving treatment for more than 1 year.ConclusionsFamily members of schizophrenic patients experience burden on a practical, financial and emotional level and the extent of the burden is closely linked to the amount of symptomatic behaviour of the patient.
Cytokine Expression in Experimental Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion in Mice
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Hirano Takashi , Ichimiya Issei , Kurono Yuichi , Suzuki Masashi , Mogi Goro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectives: Although otitis media with effusion (OME) is still a common disease in children and adults, the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. We studied the effects of intratympanic injection with endotoxin purified from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae on the characteristics of middle ear effusion (MEE).Methods: Murine model of OME was developed by eustachian tube (ET) blockage followed by intratympanic inoculation with endotoxin (endotoxin group) or saline (control group). The mice were decapitated and histological changes and the production of inflammatory cytokines in MEEs were examined 3 days, 2 weeks, and 2 months after injection.Results: All mice showed OME until 2 months after ET blockage. Most MEEs in the control group were serous, and mucoid or pultaceous MEEs were found only in the endotoxin group. Subepithelial space of middle ear mucosa was severely thickened with the infiltration of a large number of mononuclear cells in the endotoxin group. The levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in MEEs were significantly higher in the endotoxin group than in the control group at all time points. Further, in situ hybridization showed that TNF‐α messenger RNA was expressed not only by leukocytes and macrophages in MEEs but mononuclear cells present in the subepithelial space of middle ear mucosa.Conclusions: These results indicate that ET blockage is essential for the induction of serous MEE and additional administration of endotoxin is associated with the production of mucoid MEE accompanied by histological changes with inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine production in the tympanic cavity.
Xylitol Enhances Bacterial Killing in the Rabbit Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Brown Christopher L. , Graham Scott M. , Cable Benjamin B. , Ozer Egon A. , Taft Peter J. , Zabner Joseph 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectives: Factors that alter airway surface liquid (ASL) ionic concentrations may influence the course of sinusitis. Xylitol has been shown to effect ASL ionic composition in vitro and to reduce nasal bacterial carriage, otitis media, and dental caries in vivo. We examined the effect of xylitol on experimental sinusitis in the rabbit model.Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled study of xylitol, saline, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa administration to the rabbit maxillary sinus.Methods:
P. aeruginosa was administered to the sinuses of 26 New Zealand white rabbits. Saline was placed in the left maxillary sinus and xylitol in the right. The rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one, simultaneous administration of bacteria and solutions with bacterial analysis at 20 minutes, 11 rabbits; two, preadministration of solutions 1 hour before bacterial infection with analysis at 20 minutes, 11 rabbits; three, established sinusitis, 4 rabbits had daily injections of solutions for 5 days starting 7 days after P. aeruginosa administration.Results: In group 1, 6.96% of injected bacteria were retrieved on the left (saline), whereas 0.095% were retrieved on the right (xylitol) (P = .034). In group 2, 5.64% of inoculum was recovered from the left and 2.89% from the right (P = .188). Group 3 demonstrated evidence of sinusitis with recovery of noninoculate bacteria. with no difference between right and left.Conclusions: Xylitol reduces experimental sinusitis when administered simultaneously with bacteria. Its effect in established sinusitis is less clear. A role may exist for xylitol in nasal irrigation fluid in human disease.
Facial Nerve in Parotidectomy: A Topographical Analysis
Authors: Cannon C Ron , Replogle William H. , Schenk Michael P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective: Establish normative data concerning parotidectomy and facial nerve dissection and determine the relationship between the length of the facial nerve dissected during parotidectomy and subsequent facial nerve paresis.Study Design: Prospective mapping of facial nerve during parotidectomy and comparison with postoperative facial nerve function.Methods: A prospective observational study of 78 patients who underwent 79 parotidectomy procedures. During each procedure, various topographical measurements were recorded. These measurements included the distance from the tragal pointer to the main trunk of the facial nerve, the distance to the pes anserinus, and length of each segmental branch dissected. In addition, a designation of the patient's tumor location was made by drawing a line from the ear canal to the nasal spine. Tumors above this line were designated anatomic zone A and those below the line were designated anatomic zone B. Finally, facial nerve function was quantified at a 1‐week follow‐up visit using the House‐Brackmann Scale.Results: The distance from the main trunk of the facial nerve to the tragal pointer was significantly (P < .000) less than the previously accepted standard of 1 cm. The cervical and marginal mandibular branches had more nerve dissected, whereas the eye and forehead branches were the least dissected. Results of an independent t test and logistic regression (P = .01, both) indicated that patients with temporary facial nerve paresis had a significantly greater amount of nerve dissected than patients without temporary facial nerve paresis. Patients with short‐term facial nerve dysfunction had significantly (P < .01) more total nerve dissected (136.73 mm vs. 94.73 mm) than patients without short‐term facial nerve dysfunction. Patients with nerve dissection lengths at the third quartile (130.0 mm) were 3.8 times more likely to experience temporary facial nerve paresis than patients with nerve dissection lengths at the first quartile (64.5 mm).Conclusions: The axiom that the main trunk of the facial nerve is located 1 cm from the tragal pointer may need to be modified to less than 1 cm. The cervical and marginal mandibular branches had more nerve dissected, whereas the eye and forehead branches were the least dissected. Facial nerve paresis after parotidectomy is associated with the length of the facial nerve dissected during the procedure. The greater the length of facial nerve dissected, the higher the chance of facial nerve paresis, albeit temporarily, in this particular series of patients.
Coronoid‐Temporalis Pedicled Rotation Flap for Orbital Floor Reconstruction of the Total Maxillectomy Defect
Authors: Pryor Shepherd G. , Moore Eric J. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Hayden Richard E. , Strome Scott E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectives: Total maxillectomy creates a significant defect in the supporting framework of the orbit. Successful reconstruction of the deficit requires repair of the orbital floor to prevent early and late complications. This paper describes the recreation of the orbital floor using a coronoid‐temporalis sling.Study Design: Retrospective review of two patients who underwent total maxillectomy and subsequent coronoid‐temporalis sling reconstruction of the surgical defect.Methods: The charts of two patients who underwent coronoid‐temporalis reconstruction of the orbital floor were retrospectively reviewed. The outcomes were evaluated. The authors present a method for reconstruction of the orbital floor and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method.Results: Two patients underwent successful reconstruction of the orbital floor with a coronoid‐temporalis sling procedure. Both patients display acceptable functional and cosmetic results.Conclusion: Coronoid‐temporalis sling is a readily available and easily modified tissue for reconstruction of the orbital floor. It offers similar results to those previously described techniques in this area without need for further extensive surgery.
Image Cytometry DNA‐Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology to Aid Cytomorphology in the Distinction of Branchial Cleft Cyst from Cystic Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Nordemar Sushma , Tani Edneia , Högmo Anders , Jangard Mattias , Auer Gert , Munck‐Wikland Eva 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective: Frequently, the distinction between branchial cleft cyst and cystic metastases from squamous cell carcinoma is difficult by cytomorphology. In a prospective study, we investigated the need for, and the value of, image cytometry DNA‐analysis as a complement to cytologic evaluation of cystic lesions in the neck.Study Design: Image cytometry DNA‐analysis was performed on the fine needle aspiration cytology smears from 50 patients, referred to our department, with a solitary cystic lesion in the lateral region of the neck.Methods: Smears from aspirates were Giemsa stained and cytologically evaluated. Ahrens image analysis was used for DNA analysis on smears stained with Schiff reagent, and lymphocytes were used as control cells. Epithelial cells with DNA values exceeding 5c were regarded as aneuploid, indicating malignancy.Results: Nine lesions were diagnosed as squamous cell cancer metastases cytologically. DNA analysis showed aneuploidy in all of them except one. Three of these lesions had earlier been diagnosed as branchial cleft cyst at the referring hospital. Eight lesions were cytologically inconclusive and four of them were revealed as cystic metastasis at histopathologic analysis, and DNA analysis showed aneuploidy in all but one, which could not be analyzed. Two of these lesions were also diagnosed as branchial cleft cysts at the referring hospital. All benign lesions were diploid. Nine lesions were thyroid and salivary gland lesions.Conclusion: Image cytometry DNA‐analysis was shown to help in the distinction between benign and malignant cystic lesions. Thus, when conventional cytomorphology does not suffice, DNA‐analysis is clearly a valuable supplement.
“Convulsive” Nonepileptic Seizures Have a Characteristic Pattern of Rhythmic Artifact Distinguishing Them from Convulsive Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Vinton Anita , Carino John , Vogrin Simon , MacGregor Lachlan , Kilpatrick Christine , Matkovic Zelko , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: October 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Approximately 30% of patients admitted for video‐EEG monitoring have psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Differentiation of “convulsive” PNES from convulsive seizures can be difficult. The EEG often displays rhythmic movement artifact that may resemble seizure activity and confound the interpretation. We sought to determine whether time–frequency mapping of the rhythmic EEG artifact during “convulsive” PNES reveals a pattern that differs from that of epileptic seizures. Methods: EEGs from 15 consecutive patients with “convulsive” PNESs were studied with time–frequency mapping by using NEUROSCAN and compared with 15 patients with convulsive epileptic seizures. Fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) were performed to determine the dominant frequency for 1‐ to 2‐s windows every 2 s through the seizures. Results: The dominant frequency remained stable within a narrow range for the duration of the PNES, whereas in the epileptic seizures, it evolved through a wide range. The coefficient of variation of the frequency during the seizures was considerably less for patients without epilepsy (median, 15.0%; range, 7.2–23.7% vs. median, 58.0%; range, 34.8–92.1%; p < 0.001). The median frequency did not differ significantly between groups (4.2 vs. 4.6 Hz; p = 0.290). Conclusions: “Convulsive” PNES display a characteristic pattern on time–frequency mapping of the EEG artifact, with a stable, nonevolving frequency that is different from the evolving pattern seen during an epileptic seizure.