bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of
dofA
, a
fruA
-Dependent Developmental Gene, and Its Homologue,
dofB
, in
Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Horiuchi Takayuki , Akiyama Takuya , Inouye Sumiko , Komano Teruya 
Published: November 2002

ABSTRACT

The developmentally regulated gene
dofA
, identified from pulse-labeling experiments by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and its homologue,
dofB
, were cloned and characterized in
Myxococcus xanthus
. Deletion of
dofA
and
dofB
did not affect the vegetative growth and development of
M. xanthus. dofA
was specifically expressed during development, while
dofB
expression was observed during vegetative growth and development. The
dofA-lacZ
fusion was introduced into a
fruA
mutant and A, B, C, D, and E extracellular signal mutants. The pattern of
dofA
expression in the C signal mutant was similar to that of the wild-type strain, while
dofA
expression was not detected in the
fruA
mutant. These results are consistent with those of the pulse-labeling experiments.
dofA
expression was reduced in A and E signal mutants, whereas
dofA
expression was delayed in B and D signal mutants. The patterns of expression of the
dofA
gene in the
fruA
mutant and the five signal mutants are strikingly similar to that of the
tps
gene, which encodes protein S, a major component of the outer surface of the myxospore; this result suggests that the
dofA
and
tps
genes are similarly regulated. The involvement of a highly GC-rich inverted repeat sequence (underlined),
CGGCCCCCGA
TTCG
TCGGGGGCCG
, in developmentally regulated
dofA
expression is suggested.
Global Gene Expression Profiles of the Cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. Strain PCC 6803 in Response to Irradiation with UV-B and White Light
Authors: Huang Lixuan , McCluskey Michael P. , Ni Hao , LaRossa Robert A. 
Published: November 2002

ABSTRACT

We developed a transcript profiling methodology to elucidate expression patterns of the cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803 and used the technology to investigate changes in gene expression caused by irradiation with either intermediate-wavelength UV light (UV-B) or high-intensity white light. Several families of transcripts were altered by UV-B treatment, including mRNAs specifying proteins involved in light harvesting, photosynthesis, photoprotection, and the heat shock response. In addition, UV-B light induced the stringent response in
Synechocystis
, as indicated by the repression of ribosomal protein transcripts and other mRNAs involved in translation. High-intensity white light- and UV-B-mediated expression profiles overlapped in the down-regulation of photosynthesis genes and induction of heat shock response but differed in several other transcriptional processes including those specifying carbon dioxide uptake and fixation, the stringent response, and the induction profile of the high-light-inducible proteins. These two profile comparisons not only corroborated known physiological changes but also suggested coordinated regulation of many pathways, including synchronized induction of D1 protein recycling and a coupling between decreased phycobilisome biosynthesis and increased phycobilisome degradation. Overall, the gene expression profile analysis generated new insights into the integrated network of genes that adapts rapidly to different wavelengths and intensities of light.
Analysis of a DtxR-Like Metalloregulatory Protein, MntR, fromCorynebacterium diphtheriaeThat Controls Expression of an ABC Metal Transporter by an Mn2+-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Schmitt Michael P. 
Published: November 2002

ABSTRACTThe DtxR protein is a global iron-dependent repressor inCorynebacterium diphtheriaethat regulates transcription from multiple promoters. A search of the partially completedC. diphtheriaegenome identified a gene,mntR, whose predicted product has significant homology with the DtxR repressor protein. ThemntRgene is the terminal gene in a five-gene operon that also carries themntABCDgenes, whose predicted products are homologous to ABC metal transporters. Transcription of this genetic system, as measured by expression of anmntA-lacZreporter fusion, is strongly repressed by Mn2+. The divalent metals Fe2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+did not repress expression of themntA-lacZconstruct. A mutation in themntRgene abolished Mn2+-dependent repression of themntA-lacZfusion, demonstrating that MntR is essential for the Mn2+-dependent regulation of this promoter. Footprinting experiments showed that MntR protects from DNase I digestion an approximately 73-bp AT-rich region that includes the entiremntApromoter. This large region protected from DNase I suggests that as many as three MntR dimer pairs may bind to this region. Binding studies also revealed that DtxR failed to bind to the MntR binding site and that MntR exhibited weak and diffuse binding at the DtxR binding site at thetoxpromoter. AC. diphtheriae mntAmutant grew as well as the wild type in a low-Mn2+medium, which suggests that themntABCDmetal transporter is not required for growth in a low-Mn2+medium and that additional Mn2+transport systems may be present inC. diphtheriae. This study reports the characterization of MntR, a Mn2+-dependent repressor, and the second member of the family of DtxR-like metalloregulatory proteins to be identified inC. diphtheriae.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Differentiation in
Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Faulkner Gary , Garduño Rafael A. 
Published: November 2002

ABSTRACT

Legionella pneumophila
is an adaptive pathogen that replicates in the intracellular environment of fundamentally divergent hosts (freshwater protozoa and mammalian cells) and is capable of surviving long periods of starvation in water when between hosts. Physiological adaptation to these quite diverse environments seems to be accompanied by morphological changes (Garduño et al., p. 82-85,
in
Marre et al., ed.,
Legionella
, 2001) and conceivably involves developmental differentiation. In following the fine-structural pathway of
L. pneumophila
through both in vitro and in vivo growth cycles, we have now discovered that this bacterium displays an unprecedented number of morphological forms, as revealed in ultrathin sections and freeze-fracture replicas for transmission electron microscopy. Many of the forms were identified by the obvious ultrastructural properties of their cell envelope, which included changes in the relative opaqueness of membrane leaflets, vesiculation, and/or profuse invagination of the inner membrane. These changes were best documented with image analysis software to obtain intensity tracings of the envelope in cross sections. Also prominent were changes in the distribution of intramembranous particles (clearly revealed in replicas of freeze-fractured specimens) and the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions. Our results confirm that
L. pneumophila
is a highly pleomorphic bacterium and clarify some early observations suggesting sporogenic differentiation in
L. pneumophila
. Since morphological changes occurred in a conserved sequence within the growth cycle, our results also provide strong evidence for the existence of a developmental cycle in
L. pneumophila
that is likely accompanied by profound physiological alterations and stage-specific patterns of gene expression.
Revision Carpal Tunnel Release Following Endoscopic Compared With Open Decompression
Authors: Ferrin Peter C. , Sather Bergen K. , Krakauer Kelsi , Schweitzer Timothy P. , Lipira Angelo B. , Sood Ravi F. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceCarpal tunnel release (CTR) technique may influence the likelihood of revision surgery. Prior studies of revision CTR following endoscopic CTR (ECTR) compared with open CTR (OCTR) have been limited by sample size and duration of follow-up.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of revision CTR following ECTR compared with OCTR in a national cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the US Veterans Health Administration. Participants included all adults (age ≥18 years) undergoing at least 1 outpatient CTR from October 1, 1999, to May 20, 2021. Data were analyzed from May 21, 2021, to November 27, 2023.ExposureIndex CTR technique.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was time to revision CTR, defined as repeat ipsilateral CTR during the study period. Secondary outcomes were indications for revision, findings during revision, and additional procedures performed during revision.ResultsAmong 134 851 wrists from 103 455 patients (92 510 [89.4%] male; median [IQR] age, 62 [53-70] years) undergoing at least 1 CTR, 1809 wrists underwent at least 1 revision at a median (IQR) of 2.5 (1.0-3.8) years. In competing-risks analysis, the cumulative incidence of revision was 1.06% (95% CI, 0.99%-1.12%) at 5 years and 1.59% (95% CI, 1.51%-1.67%) at 10 years. ECTR was associated with increased hazard of revision CTR compared with OCTR (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.34-1.81; P &amp;lt; .001). The risk difference for revision CTR associated with ECTR compared with OCTR was 0.57% (95% CI, 0.31%-0.84%) at 5 years (number needed to harm, 176) and 0.72% (95% CI, 0.36%-1.07%) at 10 years (number needed to harm, 139). Regardless of index CTR technique, the most common indication for revision was symptom recurrence (1062 wrists [58.7%]). A reconstituted transverse carpal ligament (TCL) was more common after ECTR compared with OCTR, whereas scarring of the overlying tissues and of the median nerve itself were more common following OCTR. Incomplete transverse-carpal-ligament release was observed in 251 of the wrists undergoing revision CTR (13.94%) and was more common among revisions following ECTR (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.11-2.37; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of revision CTR in the Veterans Health Administration, ECTR was associated with increased risk of revision compared with OCTR, but the absolute risk was low regardless of technique. Intraoperative findings at revision varied significantly according to index CTR technique.
Impact of deep learning‐based multiorgan segmentation methods on patient‐specific internal dosimetry in PET/CT imaging: A comparative study
Authors: Karimipourfard Mehrnoosh , Sina Sedigheh , Mahani Hojjat , Alavi Mehrosadat , Yazdi Mehran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeAccurate and fast multiorgan segmentation is essential in image‐based internal dosimetry in nuclear medicine. While conventional manual PET image segmentation is widely used, it suffers from both being time‐consuming as well as subject to human error. This study exploited 2D and 3D deep learning (DL) models. Key organs in the trunk of the body were segmented and then used as a reference for networks.MethodsThe pre‐trained p2p‐U‐Net‐GAN and HighRes3D architectures were fine‐tuned with PET‐only images as inputs. Additionally, the HighRes3D model was alternatively trained with PET/CT images. Evaluation metrics such as sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPC), intersection over union (IoU), and Dice scores were considered to assess the performance of the networks. The impact of DL‐assisted PET image segmentation methods was further assessed using the Monte Carlo (MC)‐derived S‐values to be used for internal dosimetry.ResultsA fair comparison with manual low‐dose CT‐aided segmentation of the PET images was also conducted. Although both 2D and 3D models performed well, the HighRes3D offers superior performance with Dice scores higher than 0.90. Key evaluation metrics such as SEN, SPC, and IoU vary between 0.89–0.93, 0.98–0.99, and 0.87–0.89 intervals, respectively, indicating the encouraging performance of the models. The percentage differences between the manual and DL segmentation methods in the calculated S‐values varied between 0.1% and 6% with a maximum attributed to the stomach.ConclusionThe findings prove while the incorporation of anatomical information provided by the CT data offers superior performance in terms of Dice score, the performance of HighRes3D remains comparable without the extra CT channel. It is concluded that both proposed DL‐based methods provide automated and fast segmentation of whole‐body PET/CT images with promising evaluation metrics. Between them, the HighRes3D is more pronounced by providing better performance and can therefore be the method of choice for 18F‐FDG‐PET image segmentation.
More‐Than‐Post: A Five‐Step Recipe for Decentring Design
Authors: Leveratto Jacopo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe importance of a ‘more‐than‐human’ approach to architectural design is becoming ever clearer. While partly a response to global ecological disaster, this shift also reflects a recognition that design should not seek solely to solve human problems, but to create environments that facilitate emergent opportunities for a wide range of nonhuman occupants and processes. Jacopo Leveratto is based at the Politecnico di Milano, where he researches on radical forms of habitability and posthuman architecture. Here he describes five steps to achieving these aspirations.
A Posthuman Architectural Artificial Intelligence Speculum? Text and Images in Future Spaces
Authors: González Alberto Fernández , Garcia Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe long‐term research project Posthuman AIchitectural Speculations is a collaboration between Alberto Fernández González and Mark Garcia, both of whom are lecturers at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, and PhD candidates on the Architecture and Digital Theory programme there. Here they investigate how well artificial intelligence can help develop posthuman architectures and the symbiotic relationship between language and AI as a way of speculating about spatial futures.
On the Posthuman Charm of Slime and Mould
Authors: Carpo Mario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSlime moulds have no central nervous system and are single‐ cell organisms, yet they can build communities of themselves to create complex, food‐foraging cooperative networks. They are even known to solve mazes in search of something to eat. Mario Carpo, Reyner Banham Professor of Architectural History and Theory at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, explains the unique position of slime moulds in recent complexity and emergence studies.
Alternative Domiciles for the Domestic Posthuman
Authors: Reid Colbey , Weiss Dennis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhat are the most appropriate domestic notions, designs and surroundings for posthumans to flourish throughout the different phases of their life? Colbey Reid, Professor and Chair of Fashion Studies at Columbia College Chicago, and Dennis Weiss, Professor of Philosophy at York College of Pennsylvania, explore these terrains and posit some speculative futures that steer away from the sterile Modernist minimalism often portrayed as the contemporary aesthetics of the smart home, towards a more diverse, expressive and expansive collective of visual and haptic interfaces and social interactions – between posthumans, their contextual machinic ecologies and their communities.
Beyond Domesticities: Posthuman Architectures for Animals We Farm
Authors: Dobraszczyk Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEver more astounding numbers of animals are being farmed for human consumption. Paul Dobraszczyk, a lecturer at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, argues that humanity does not see or bother to comprehend the cruelty these animals are subjected to within industrialised farming processes and slaughterhouses. This, he says, is a design issue, requiring more effort to be made to give these animals a dignified life.
Flying Feral: Posthuman Architectures, Enclosures and Open‐Loop Interface Designs
Authors: Hutt Steven 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArchitect and advocate of speculative posthuman ecological design Steven Hutt offers new thoughts on the integration of wildlife into our architectures and cities. Awareness of the ‘feral’ as a design tool, the push and pull between indigenous and non‐indigenous species, and even old ideas of colonialism are all agents in this new posthuman landscape. There are many aspects of this often anti‐ anthropocentric worldview across a variety of scales. Might zoo animals one day be able to decide how we look at them and observe their habits?
Posthuman Space Architecture: Machine Worlds to Seed Space
Authors: Sherwood Brent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman beings are adapted to dry land and standard atmosphere, and to investigate other areas of the globe such as the sea and the air, let alone Space, we need the multivalent support of numerous machine interventions. Space architect Brent Sherwood explains the huge problems that must be overcome to satisfy our longing to explore extraterrestrial worlds and become truly posthuman as we travel and live beyond the confines of our planet.
Charge Shielding Effect of Sodium Ions in Improving The Hydrophobicity and Performance of Co/Na‐SSZ‐13 Zeolite for Passive NOx Adsorber
Authors: Chen Zhen , Tao Qian , Yang Li , Qin Yuanhang , Wang Cunwen , Guo Yanbing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith increasingly stringent regulations, the reduction of NOx emissions during vehicle cold start is a major challenge. Pd‐modified zeolites are considered as the most promising passive NOx adsorber (PNA) for cold start NOx control. Nevertheless, the scarcity and the high cost of Pd limit its practical application. Herein, a non‐precious metal modified Co/Na‐SSZ‐13 zeolite for low‐temperature NOx adsorption is reported. This one‐pot synthesized Co/Na‐SSZ‐13 exhibits an extraordinary NOx storage capacity (212 µmol gcat−1) under humid conditions (3% H2O v/v), which is more than double that of conventional Co or Pd‐modified SSZ‐13. This is attributed to the absence of the inert cobalt phyllosilicate commonly found in conventional Co‐SSZ‐13, as well as the highly dispersed Co and Na ions as the effective NOx adsorption sites in Co/Na‐SSZ‐13. Moreover, the presence of Na ions shields the negative charge generated by the Al center and weakens the local electric field strength of the Al and Co centers. This lowers the H2O adsorption energy and improves the zeolite hydrophobicity, which enhances the NO storage capacity of the Co/Na‐SSZ‐13 under humid conditions. This work highlights the Co/Na‐SSZ‐13, synthesize via a simple and high‐efficiency method, as a promising substitute for noble metal PNA materials.
Deep‐Learning‐Assisted Thermogalvanic Hydrogel E‐Skin for Self‐Powered Signature Recognition and Biometric Authentication
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Zhaosu , Yang Xinru , Zhang Zhiyi , Zhang Wengdong , Sang Shengbo , Zhang Hulin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSelf‐powered electronic skins (e‐skins), as on‐skin human‐machine interfaces, play a significant role in cyber security and personal electronics. However, current self‐powered e‐skins are primarily constrained by complex fabricating process, intrinsic stiffness, signal distortion under deformation, and inadequate comprehensive performance, thereby hindering their practical applications. Herein, a novel highly stretchable (534.5%), ionic conductive (4.54 S m−1), thermogalvanic (1.82 mV K−1) hydrogel (TGH) is facilely fabricated by a one‐pot method. Owing to the formation of Li+(H2O)n hydration structure, the TGH presents excellent anti‐freezing and non‐drying performance. It remains flexible and conductive (3.86 S m−1) at −20 °C and shows no obvious degradation in the thermoelectrical performance over 10 days. Besides, acting as a self‐powered e‐skin, the TGH combined with deep learning technology for signature recognition and biometric authentication is successfully demonstrated, achieving an accuracy of 92.97%. This work exhibits the TGH‐based e‐skin's tremendous potential in the new generation of human‐computer interaction and information security.
Self‐Assembled Oligopeptoplex‐Loaded Dissolving Microneedles for Adipocyte‐Targeted Anti‐Obesity Gene Therapy
Authors: Choi Heekyung , Hong Juhyeong , Seo Yuha , Joo Seung‐Hwan , Lim Hanseok , Lahiji Shayan Fakhraei , Kim Yong‐Hee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdvancements in gene delivery systems are pivotal for gene‐based therapeutics in oncological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. This study delineates the design of a self‐assembled oligopeptoplex (SA‐OP) optimized for shRNA delivery to adipocytes, targeting obesity and associated metabolic syndromes. Conventional systems face challenges, including instability due to electrostatic interactions between genetic materials and cationic oligopeptides. Additionally, repeated injections induce discomfort and compromise patient well‐being. To circumvent these issues, a dissolvable hyaluronic acid‐based, self‐locking microneedle (LMN) patch is developed, with improved micro‐dose efficiency, for precise SA‐OP delivery. This platform offers pain‐free administration and improved SA‐OP storage stability. In vitro studies in 3T3‐L1 cells demonstrated improvements in SA‐OP preservation and gene silencing efficacy. In vivo evaluation in a mice model of diet‐induced type 2 diabetes yielded significant gene silencing in adipose tissue and a 21.92 ± 2.51% reduction in body weight with minimum relapse risk at 6‐weeks post‐treatment, representing a superior therapeutic efficacy in a truncated timeframe relative to the GLP‐1 analogues currently available on the market. Additionally, SA‐OP (LMN) mitigated insulin resistance, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis. These findings establish SA‐OP (LMN) as a robust, minimally invasive transdermal gene delivery platform with prolonged storage stability for treating obesity and its metabolic comorbidities.
Elastic Organic Crystals Exhibiting Amplified Spontaneous Emission Waveguides with Standard Red Chromaticity of the Rec.2020 Gamut
Authors: Chen Quanliang , Tang Baolei , Ye Kaiqi , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of mechanically flexible molecular crystals as optical transuding media is demonstrated for a plethora of applications; however, the spectral peaks of optical outputs located mainly in the range of 400–600 nm are insufficient for practical telecommunication and full‐color display applications. Herein, two elastically bendable organic crystals are reported that show red emission of the rec.709 gamut under 365 nm UV light irradiation yet generate rec.2020 gamut red optical waveguides and amplified spontaneous emissions when irradiated by a 355 nm laser. Capitalizing on the extended π‐conjugation and donor–acceptor character, as well as mechanical elasticity, these organic crystals exhibit flexible optical waveguides with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.70, 0.29), nearly identical to the red chromaticity of the rec.2020 gamut required for ultrahigh‐definition (UHD) displays. Notably, one of the elastic crystals functions as a soft resonance cavity, resulting in amplified spontaneous emission waveguides with CIE coordinates of (0.71, 0.29) and the standard red chromaticity of the rec.2020 gamut, both in straight and bent states. This study presents a new avenue for the development of high‐purity red‐emissive crystalline materials to create all‐organic, lightweight, and mechanically compliant optical telecommunication and UHD display devices.