bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pivotal Role of GSTO2 in Ferroptotic Neuronal Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lin Li , Li Xiao-Na , Xie Zhen-Yan , Hu Yong-Zhen , Long Qing-Shan , Wen Yi-Qi , Wei Xiao-Bing , Zhang Li-Yang , Li Xue-Song 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious research has found that an adaptive response to ferroptosis involving glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is triggered after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to ferroptosis. To explore the mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage, we used hemin-treated HT22 cells to mimic brain injury after hemorrhagic stroke in vitro to evaluate the antioxidant enzymes and performed bioinformatics analysis based on the mRNA sequencing data. Further, we determined the expression of GSTO2 in hemin-treated hippocampal neurons and in a mouse model of hippocampus-intracerebral hemorrhage (h-ICH) by using Western blot. After hemin treatment, the antioxidant enzymes GPX4, Nrf2, and glutathione (GSH) were upregulated, suggesting that an adaptive response to ferroptosis was triggered. Furthermore, we performed mRNA sequencing to explore the underlying mechanism, and the results showed that 2234 genes were differentially expressed. Among these, ten genes related to ferroptosis (Acsl1, Ftl1, Gclc, Gclm, Hmox1, Map1lc3b, Slc7a11, Slc40a1, Tfrc, and Slc39a14) were altered after hemin treatment. In addition, analysis of the data retrieved from the GO database for the ten targeted genes showed that 20 items on biological processes, 17 items on cellular components, and 19 items on molecular functions were significantly enriched. Based on the GO data, we performed GSEA and found that the glutathione metabolic process was significantly enriched in the hemin phenotype. Notably, the expression of glutathione S-transferase omega (GSTO2), which is involved in glutathione metabolism, was decreased after hemin treatment, and overexpression of Gsto2 decreased lipid reactive oxygen species level in hemin-exposed HT22 cells. In addition, the expression of GSTO2 was also decreased in a mouse model of hippocampus-intracerebral hemorrhage (h-ICH). The decreased expression of GSTO2 in the glutathione metabolic process may be involved in ferroptotic neuronal injury following hemorrhagic stroke.
Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model
Authors: Kim Woon-ki , Jang You Jin , Park SungJun , Min Sung-gyu , Kwon Heeun , Jo Min Jung , Ko GwangPyo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with repeated exacerbations of eczema and pruritus. Probiotics can prevent or treat AD appropriately via modulation of immune responses and gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) KBL409 using a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-induced in vivo AD model. Oral administration of L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly reduced dermatitis scores and decreased infiltration of immune cells in skin tissues. L. acidophilus KBL409 reduced in serum immunoglobulin E and mRNA levels of T helper (Th)1 (Interferon-γ), Th2 (Interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31), and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines in skin tissues. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased and Foxp3 expression was up-regulated in AD-induced mice with L. acidophilus KBL409. Furthermore, L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly modulated gut microbiota and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, which could explain its effects on AD. Our results suggest that L. acidophilus KBL409 is the potential probiotic for AD treatment by modulating of immune responses and gut microbiota of host.
Potential application of solar still desalination in NEOM region
Authors: AbdelMeguid Hossam , GHERISSI Abderraouf , Elsawy Mohamad , Aljohani Zaid , Asiri Abdulkarim , Saber Mohammed , Fouda Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNEOM is a proposed $500 billion smart city project planned to be built in Saudi Arabia. It aims to be a hub for innovation, sustainability, and quality of life, and will incorporate cutting-edge technology and renewable energy solutions. NEOM aims to transform the region into a hub for the future, attracting businesses and individuals from all over the world.. This article explores the potential application of solar still desalination in the NEOM region. Solar stills are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for producing fresh water from saltwater sources. In the NEOM region, where access to fresh water is a major challenge, solar still desalination can play a significant role in meeting the growing demand for potable water. This research discusses the principles and components of solar stills, and the various types of solar stills that are currently available. This work also evaluates the performance and efficiency of solar stills, and their potential to provide large-scale water production in the NEOM region. Finally, the article highlights the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing solar still desalination in the NEOM region, and provides recommendations for future research and development. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainable water management, and has important implications for policymakers and water resource managers in the NEOM region and beyond.
State-Run Dating Apps: Are They Morally Desirable?
Authors: de Vries Bouke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn a bid to boost fertility levels, Iran and Japan have recently launched their own dating apps, with more countries likely to follow. The aim of this article is to consider whether state-run dating apps are morally desirable, which is a question that has not received any scholarly attention. It finds that such apps have at least two benefits that collectively, if not individually, render their introduction to be welcomed provided certain conditions are met. These benefits are that they are better placed than commercial dating apps such as Tinder, Bumble, and Badoo to (i) help people find lasting love and to (ii) protect individuals from spending too much money and/or time on online dating. Several objections are discussed and shown to be unconvincing as arguments against state-run dating apps tout court, including the objection that for states to offer their own dating apps is unduly expensive; the objection that it gives them too much power; and the objection that they should invest in creating offline opportunities for meeting potential partners instead.
Weak error analysis for the stochastic Allen–Cahn equation
Authors: Breit Dominic , Prohl Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove strong rate resp. weak rate $${{\mathcal {O}}}(\tau )$$

O
(
τ
)

for a structure preserving temporal discretization (with $$\tau $$
τ
the step size) of the stochastic Allen–Cahn equation with additive resp. multiplicative colored noise in $$d=1,2,3$$

d
=
1
,
2
,
3

dimensions. Direct variational arguments exploit the one-sided Lipschitz property of the cubic nonlinearity in the first setting to settle first order strong rate. It is the same property which allows for uniform bounds for the derivatives of the solution of the related Kolmogorov equation, and then leads to weak rate $${{\mathcal {O}}}(\tau )$$

O
(
τ
)

in the presence of multiplicative noise. Hence, we obtain twice the rate of convergence known for the strong error in the presence of multiplicative noise.
Optimizing Water Sustainability: Revealing Cost Recovery Strategies in the Canary Islands (Spain). Stochastic Frontier Model
Authors: Santamarta Juan C. , Hernández-Alemán Anastasia , Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Gamallo-Paz Isabel , Rodríguez-Martín Jesica , de Martín-Pinillos Castellanos Ignacio , García-Gil Alejandro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArticle 9 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) introduces cost recovery as an instrument aligned with the 'polluter pays' principle, aiming to contribute to the overall well-being of water bodies. In this regard, this research focuses on application of the cost recovery method in the context of the Canary Islands (Spain). The study provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the methodology established for the second cycle of planning (2015–2021) in the Canary Islands, offering a comparative assessment of results for each island. We employ a Stochastic Frontier Model, which allows us to assess the efficiency of different water production techniques. The results should be of great interest to public decision makers in the field of water management to minimize cost, allocate resources efficiently or review water tariffs. The findings underscore substantial variations in cost recovery across islands, emphasizing the need for enhanced water infrastructure methods and data acquisition. Future research needs to extend the years on cost recovery to incorporate economies of scale and type of ownership.
TAN: a temporal-aware attention network with context-rich representation for boosting proposal generation
Authors: Jiao Yanyan , Yang Wenzhu , Xing Wenjie , Zeng Shuang , Geng Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTemporal action proposal generation in an untrimmed video is very challenging, and comprehensive context exploration is critically important to generate accurate candidates of action instances. This paper proposes a Temporal-aware Attention Network (TAN) that localizes context-rich proposals by enhancing the temporal representations of boundaries and proposals. Firstly, we pinpoint that obtaining precise location information of action instances needs to consider long-distance temporal contexts. To this end, we propose a Global-Aware Attention (GAA) module for boundary-level interaction. Specifically, we introduce two novel gating mechanisms into the top-down interaction structure to incorporate multi-level semantics into video features effectively. Secondly, we design an efficient task-specific Adaptive Temporal Interaction (ATI) module to learn proposal associations. TAN enhances proposal-level contextual representations in a wide range by utilizing multi-scale interaction modules. Extensive experiments on the ActivityNet-1.3 and THUMOS-14 demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, e.g., TAN achieves 73.43% in AR@1000 on THUMOS-14 and 69.01% in AUC on ActivityNet-1.3. Moreover, TAN significantly improves temporal action detection performance when equipped with existing action classification frameworks.
The content intelligence: an argument against the lethality of artificial intelligence
Authors: Holl Cody 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper navigates artificial intelligence’s recent advancements and increasing media attention. A notable focus is placed on Eliezer Yudkowsky, a leading figure within the domain of artificial intelligence alignment, who aims to bridge the understanding gap between public perceptions and rationalist viewpoints on artificial intelligence technology. This focus analyzes his predicted course of action for artificial intelligence outlined within his unpublished paper AGI Ruin: A List of Lethalities. This is achieved by attempting to understand the concept of intelligence itself and identifying a reasonable working definition of that concept. The concept of intelligence is then applied to contemporary artificial intelligence capabilities and developments to understand its applicability to the technologies. This paper finds contemporary artificial intelligence systems are, to some extent, intelligent. However, it argues that both weak and strong artificial intelligence systems, devoid of human-defined goals, would not inherently pose existential threats to humanity, challenging the notions of artificial intelligence alignment, bringing into question the validity of Nick Bostrom’s Orthogonality Thesis. Furthermore, the possibility of artificial life created through the method of assembling various modules each emulating a separate mind function is discussed.
How can we improve mental health crisis services for young people? A survey of mental health crisis professionals across Greater Manchester
Authors: Dutton Bobbie , Humphrey Neil , Qualter Pamela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Healthcare providers have been under pressure to improve the provision of crisis mental health services in England. Through the process of devolution, Greater Manchester has created the Crisis Care Pathway to meet the growing demands on mental health crisis service provision for young people in the city region. At the end of the first funding cycle, this research evaluated the pathway with a focus on potential future improvements.

Methods
An online survey, including a mixture of quantitative, Likert scale items and qualitative, open-ended questions, was completed by 60 professionals working within crisis mental health services for young people in Greater Manchester.

Results
Analysis of the quantitative data identified 6 clear areas for improvement from the evaluative indicators: delivering support at a time that works for young people; delivering the right amount of help for the right length of time; providing services which are quickly available; services and agencies working together effectively; movement between services; fully integrated services. A further 3 super-ordinate themes were developed through thematic analysis of the qualitative data that indicate areas in need of improvement: The challenge of navigation, issues of accessibility into and between services, and how to improve integration.

Conclusions
This research found 7 clear actions to enhance the provision of crisis mental health services for young people in Greater Manchester, which may be transferable to other mental health crisis service contexts.
Shadows or Forgeries? Explaining Legal Normativity
Authors: Diamond Alma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLegal norms serve as practical standards for individuals and officials. While this ‘normative aspect’ of law is widely acknowledged, its significance for theories of law remains contested. In this paper, I examine three views on the matter. First, that we should explain legal norms as reason-giving. Second, that we should explain legal discourse as being about reasons for action. Third, that we should explain law as capable of being reason-giving. I survey some challenges associated with each of these views. What they have in common is an implicit assumption about the form that normative explanation must take: that it must be a linear, non-reductive explanation. There is an alternative model for normative explanation available, however. That model explains normative notions in terms of the practices and attitudes involved in recognizing, offering, and demanding them. I highlight the potentials, and limitations, of this practice-centered alternative.
Self-reported political ideology
Authors: Yeung Eddy S.F. , Quek Kai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
American politics scholarship has relied extensively on self-reported measures of ideology. We evaluate these widely used measures through an original national survey. Descriptively, we show that Americans’ understandings of “liberal” and “conservative” are weakly aligned with conventional definitions of these terms and that such understandings are heterogeneous across social groups, casting doubt on the construct validity and measurement equivalence of ideological self-placements. Experimentally, we randomly assign one of three measures of ideology to each respondent: (1) the standard ANES question, (2) a version that adds definitions of “liberal” and “conservative,” and (3) a version that keeps these definitions but removes ideological labels from the question. We find that the third measure, which helps to isolate symbolic ideology from operational ideology, shifts self-reported ideology in important ways: Democrats become more conservative, and Republicans more liberal. These findings offer first-cut experimental evidence on the limitations of self-reported ideology as a measure of operational ideology, and contribute to ongoing debates about the use of ideological self-placements in American politics.
Unanswered questions and unquestioned answers: the challenges of crop residue retention and weed control in Conservation Agriculture systems of southern Africa
Authors: Thierfelder Christian , Mhlanga Blessing , Ngoma Hambulo , Marenya Paswel , Matin Abdul , Tufa Adane , Alene Arega , Chikoye David 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Production and utilization of crop residues as mulch and effective weed management are two central elements in the successful implementation of Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems in southern Africa. Yet, the challenges of crop residue availability for mulch or the difficulties in managing weed proliferation in CA systems are bigger than a micro-level focus on weeds and crop residues themselves. The bottlenecks are symptoms of broader systemic complications that cannot be resolved without appreciating the interactions between the current scientific understanding of CA and its application in smallholder systems, private incentives, social norms, institutions, and government policy. In this paper, we elucidate a series of areas that represent some unquestioned answers about chemical weed control and unanswered questions about how to maintain groundcover demanding more research along the natural and social sciences continuum. In some communities, traditional rules that allow free-range grazing of livestock after harvesting present a barrier in surface crop residue management. On the other hand, many of the communities either burn, remove, or incorporate the residues into the soil thus hindering the near-permanent soil cover required in CA systems. The lack of soil cover also means that weed management through soil mulch is unachievable. Herbicides are often a successful stopgap solution to weed control, but they are costly, and most farmers do not use them as recommended, which reduces efficacy. Besides, the use of herbicides can cause environmental hazards and may affect human health. Here, we suggest further assessment of the manipulation of crop competition, the use of vigorously growing cover crops, exploration of allelopathy, and use of microorganisms in managing weeds and reducing seed production to deplete the soil weed seed bank. We also suggest in situ production of plant biomass, use of unpalatable species for mulch generation and change of grazing by-laws towards a holistic management of pastures to reduce the competition for crop residues. However, these depend on the socio-economic status dynamics at farmer and community level.
Higher-order CBT skills: are there differences in meta-competence between trainee and experienced therapists?
Authors: Campbell-Lee Denika , Barton Stephen , Armstrong Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Meta-competencies govern the application of more basic therapeutic competencies and allow CBT therapists to know when and why particular skills are needed. Meta-competencies are particularly important when responding to the needs of complex or atypical clinical cases. We explore CBT meta-competencies through therapist reflections on complex clinical scenarios and judgements about CBT skills. Three groups of therapists were compared in their responses to four complex clinical scenarios: trainees, recently qualified and experienced therapists. Participants reflected on how they would respond in each scenario and made ratings of the importance of different skills. There was a highly significant difference between trainees and experienced therapists in the number of reflective statements made, but no differences in the number of anticipated actions. There were no group differences in judgements about CBT skills. Reflective capacity is a meta-competency and higher-order skill that CBT therapists continue to develop several years post-qualification. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding and understand its impact on clinical practice.

Key learning aims

(1)
To learn about CBT meta-competencies when considering clinical complexity.

(2)
To learn how to test meta-competencies in groups of therapists with differing levels of experience.

(3)
To identify which meta-competencies are prioritised in clinically complex scenarios.

(4)
To support the development of the scale which measures meta-competencies in therapists.
Computational design of ultra-robust strain sensors for soft robot perception and autonomy
Authors: Yang Haitao , Ding Shuo , Wang Jiahao , Sun Shuo , Swaminathan Ruphan , Ng Serene Wen Ling , Pan Xinglong , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCompliant strain sensors are crucial for soft robots’ perception and autonomy. However, their deformable bodies and dynamic actuation pose challenges in predictive sensor manufacturing and long-term robustness. This necessitates accurate sensor modelling and well-controlled sensor structural changes under strain. Here, we present a computational sensor design featuring a programmed crack array within micro-crumples strategy. By controlling the user-defined structure, the sensing performance becomes highly tunable and can be accurately modelled by physical models. Moreover, they maintain robust responsiveness under various demanding conditions including noise interruptions (50% strain), intermittent cyclic loadings (100,000 cycles), and dynamic frequencies (0–23 Hz), satisfying soft robots of diverse scaling from macro to micro. Finally, machine intelligence is applied to a sensor-integrated origami robot, enabling robotic trajectory prediction (<4% error) and topographical altitude awareness (<10% error). This strategy holds promise for advancing soft robotic capabilities in exploration, rescue operations, and swarming behaviors in complex environments.
The gut ileal mucosal virome is disturbed in patients with Crohn’s disease and exacerbates intestinal inflammation in mice
Authors: Cao Zhirui , Fan Dejun , Sun Yang , Huang Ziyu , Li Yue , Su Runping , Zhang Feng , Li Qing , Yang Hongju , Zhang Fen , Miao Yinglei , Lan Ping , Wu Xiaojian , Zuo Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGut bacteriome dysbiosis is known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Crohn’s disease (CD) is an IBD subtype with extensive mucosal inflammation, yet the mucosal virome, an empirical modulator of the bacteriome and mucosal immunity, remains largely unclear regarding its composition and role. Here, we exploited trans-cohort CD patients and healthy individuals to compositionally and functionally investigate the small bowel (terminal ileum) virome and bacteriome. The CD ileal virome was characterised by an under-representation of both lytic and temperate bacteriophages (especially those targeting bacterial pathogens), particularly in patients with flare-up. Meanwhile, the virome-bacteriome ecology in CD ileal mucosa was featured by a lack ofBifidobacterium- and Lachnospiraceae-led mutualistic interactions between bacteria and bacteriophages; surprisingly it was more pronounced in CD remission than flare-up, underlining the refractory and recurrent nature of mucosal inflammation in CD. Lastly, we substantiated that ileal virions from CD patients causally exacerbated intestinal inflammation in IBD mouse models, by reshaping a gut virome-bacteriome ecology preceding intestinal inflammation (microbial trigger) and augmenting microbial sensing/defence pathways in the intestine cells (host response). Altogether, our results highlight the significance of mucosal virome in CD pathogenesis and importance of mucosal virome restoration in CD therapeutics.