bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining predictive metabolomic biomarkers of meniscal injury in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Pye C. R. , Green D. C. , Anderson J. R. , Phelan M. M. , Fitzgerald M. M. , Comerford E. J. , Peffers M. J. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study used hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the first time to examine differences in the metabolomic profile of stifle joint synovial fluid from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture with and without meniscal injuries, in order to identify biomarkers of meniscal injury. Identifying a biomarker of meniscal injury could then ultimately be used to design a minimally invasive diagnostic test for meniscal injuries in dogs.Materials and MethodsStifle joint synovial fluid was collected from dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery or arthrocentesis for lameness investigations. We used multi‐variate statistical analysis using principal component analysis and univariate statistical analysis using one‐way analysis of variance and analysis of co‐variance to identify differences in the metabolomic profile between dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and meniscal injury, cranial cruciate ligament rupture without meniscal injury, and neither cranial cruciate ligament rupture nor meniscal injury, taking into consideration clinical variables.ResultsA total of 154 samples of canine synovial fluid were included in the study. Sixty‐four metabolites were annotated to the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectra. Six spectral regions were found to be significantly altered (false discovery rate adjusted P‐value <0.05) between groups with cranial cruciate ligament rupture with and without meniscal injury, including three attributed to nuclear magnetic resonance mobile lipids [mobile lipid ‐CH3 (P=0.016), mobile lipid ‐n(CH3)3 (P=0.017), mobile unsaturated lipid (P=0.031)].Clinical SignificanceWe identified an increase in nuclear magnetic resonance mobile lipids in the synovial fluid of dogs with meniscal injury which are of interest as potential biomarkers of meniscal injury.
Thrombospondin 2 is a key determinant of fibrogenesis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kimura Takefumi , Iwadare Takanobu , Wakabayashi Shun‐ichi , Kuldeep Seema , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Yamazaki Tomoo , Aomura Daiki , Zafar Hamim , Iwaya Mai , Joshita Satoru , Uehara Takeshi , Pydi Sai P. , Tanaka Naoki , Umemura Takeji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveHepatic overexpression of the thrombospondin 2 gene (THBS2) and elevated levels of circulating thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) have been observed in patients with chronic liver disease. This study aimed to identify the specific cells expressing THBS2/TSP2 in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and investigate the underlying mechanism behind THBS2/TSP2 upregulation.DesignComprehensive NAFLD liver gene datasets, including single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), in‐house NAFLD liver tissue, and LX‐2 cells derived from human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), were analysed using a combination of computational biology, genetic, immunological, and pharmacological approaches.ResultsAnalysis of the genetic dataset revealed the presence of 1433 variable genes in patients with advanced fibrosis NAFLD, with THBS2 ranked among the top 2 genes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) examination of NAFLD livers showed a significant correlation between THBS2 expression and fibrosis stage (r = .349, p < .001). In support of this, scRNA‐seq data and in situ hybridization demonstrated that the THBS2 gene was highly expressed in HSCs of NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis. Pathway analysis of the gene dataset revealed THBS2 expression to be associated with the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway and collagen gene activation. Moreover, the activation of LX‐2 cells with TGFβ increased THBS2/TSP2 and collagen expression independently of the TGFβ‐SMAD2/3 pathway. THBS2 gene knockdown significantly decreased collagen expression in LX‐2 cells.ConclusionsTHBS2/TSP2 is highly expressed in HSCs and plays a role in regulating fibrogenesis in NAFLD patients. THBS2/TSP2 may therefore represent a potential target for anti‐fibrotic therapy in NAFLD.
Liver stiffness as a cornerstone in heart disease risk assessment
Authors: Boeckmans Joost , Sandrin Laurent , Knackstedt Christian , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) typically presents with hepatic fibrosis in advanced disease, resulting in increased liver stiffness. A subset of patients further develops liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients with MASLD and its prevalence is increasing in parallel. Recent evidence suggests that especially liver stiffness, whether or not existing against a background of MASLD, is associated with heart diseases. We conducted a narrative review on the role of liver stiffness in the prediction of highly prevalent heart diseases including heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias (in particular atrial fibrillation), coronary heart disease, and aortic valve sclerosis. Research papers were retrieved from major scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science) until September 2023 using ‘liver stiffness’ and ‘liver fibrosis’ as keywords along with the latter cardiac conditions. Increased liver stiffness, determined by vibration‐controlled transient elastography or hepatic fibrosis as predicted by biomarker panels, are associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and coronary heart disease. Elevated liver stiffness in patients with metabolic liver disease should lead to considerations of cardiac workup including N‐terminal pro–B‐type natriuretic peptide/B‐type natriuretic peptide determination, electrocardiography, and coronary computed tomography angiography. In addition, patients with MASLD would benefit from heart disease case‐finding strategies in which liver stiffness measurements can play a key role. In conclusion, increased liver stiffness should be a trigger to consider a cardiac workup in metabolically compromised patients.
Honoring the enslaved African American foremothers of modern women's health: Meditations on 40 years of Black feminist praxis
Authors: Dudley Rachel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes 40 years of Black feminist scholarship, art, and grassroots activism dedicated to the lives and legacies of the “foremothers of American gynecology.” Infamously, in Montgomery, Alabama, between 1845 and 1849, up to 16 enslaved women were exploited at a backyard hospital, some subjected to surgical experimentation by Dr James Marion Sims. He was a famous and world‐renowned surgeon who died in 1883, with a reputation as “the father of modern gynecology.” Sims achieved the medical knowledge that catapulted him into American and European fame, using skills gained from the exploitation of the enslaved women in his early career. Famously, three of these women are referenced by their first names: Anarcha, Lucy, and Betsey. This research asks: how have these important figures been remembered in 20th and 21st‐century Black feminist scholarship, art, and grassroots community activism? Further, what are the broader impacts of this pathbreaking truth, reckoning, and reconciliation work?
Speedy stomata of a C4 plant correlate with enhanced K+ channel gating
Authors: Silva‐Alvim Fernanda A. L. , Alvim Jonas Chaves , Harvey Andy , Blatt Michael R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStomata are microscopic pores at the surface of plant leaves that facilitate gaseous diffusion to support photosynthesis. The guard cells around each stoma regulate the pore aperture. Plants that carry out C4 photosynthesis are usually more resilient than C3 plants to stress, and their stomata operate over a lower dynamic range of CO2 within the leaf. What makes guard cells of C4 plants more responsive than those of C3 plants? We used gas exchange and electrophysiology, comparing stomatal kinetics of the C4 plant Gynandropsis gynandra and the phylogenetically related C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We found, with varying CO2 and light, that Gynandropsis showed faster changes in stomata conductance and greater water use efficiency when compared with Arabidopsis. Electrophysiological analysis of the dominant K+ channels showed that the outward‐rectifying channels, responsible for K+ loss during stomatal closing, were characterised by a greater maximum conductance and substantial negative shift in the voltage dependence of gating, indicating a reduced inhibition by extracellular K+ and enhanced capacity for K+ flux. These differences correlated with the accelerated stomata kinetics of Gynandropsis, suggesting that subtle changes in the biophysical properties of a key transporter may prove a target for future efforts to engineer C4 stomatal kinetics.
Development of adolescent childhood cancer survivors' psychosocial issues scale
Authors: Hidaka Kyoko , Monma Takafumi , Fukushima Hiroko , Ozawa Noriko , Iwata Naoko , Terada Kazuki , Fukushima Takashi , Takeda Fumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFollow‐up care for adolescent childhood cancer survivors (ACCS) after they return to school requires an understanding of their psychosocial issues. Therefore, this study developed the adolescent childhood cancer survivors' psychosocial issues scale (ACCSPIS) and evaluated its reliability and validity.MethodsIn the development phase, pediatric oncology clinical professionals created the 24 item questionnaire of ACCS's psychosocial issues. In the feasibility phase, a survey was administered to 165 ACCS aged 12–18 years after discharge from hospital in Japan, and 57 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The survey items were psychosocial issues, attributes, K6 scale, and impact of event scale‐revised (IES‐R) scale. Factor analysis was conducted for psychosocial issues. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's α coefficients and item‐total correlation coefficients were calculated. Regarding validity, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between ACCSPIS and K6 and IES‐R were calculated, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted.ResultsFour factors comprising 15 items were extracted: “appearance changes due to treatment effects,” “anxiety about marriage and the future,” “change in appearance due to treatment”, and “psychological distress due to interpersonal relationships and information about the disease.” The model fit was good, with a total ACCSPIS α coefficient of 0.901 and α coefficients for the subscales ranging from 0.651 to 0.914. The K6 and IES‐R were significantly associated with the total ACCSPIS, and item‐total correlations were satisfactory.ConclusionsThe reliability and validity of ACCSPIS were generally confirmed. This scale could be useful to measure psychosocial issues in ACCS aged 12–18 years after their return to school.
Are we there for each other? Longitudinal associations between parenting stress and coparenting in parents of preschool and school‐aged children
Authors: Azzi Stéphanie , Lafontaine Marie‐France , Bureau Jean‐François , Brassard Audrey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is well known that parenthood can be particularly stressful. However, less is known about the stability of parenting stress across children's developmental periods. Certain correlates to parenting stress, such as coparenting support between parents, also appear to play a crucial role in childrearing. The current study aims to shed light on the longitudinal associations between parenting stress during the preschool and school years, along with the moderating effect of coparenting support in this association. Eighty‐two heterosexual couples who are parents completed the Parenting Stress Index at Time 1 and Time 2 and the Coparenting Relationship Scale at Time 2. Actor‐Partner path analyses revealed that greater parenting stress in each parent was related to their partner's greater parenting stress at each time point, but only to their own greater parenting stress 5 years later. The association between fathers' parenting stress at both time points was weaker in fathers who reported greater coparenting support from their partner. Helping parents reduce their parenting stress and learn to support each other effectively as coparents may be important parenting intervention avenues.
Modern‐era successful liver transplantation outcomes in children with hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma
Authors: Rolfes Priya S. , Yoeli Dor , Feldman Amy G. , Adams Megan A. , Wachs Michael E. , Boster Julia M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (HUES) is the third most common primary hepatic malignancy in children. If unresectable, liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative option. Historically, HUES LT outcomes were not favorable; however, modern‐era data are lacking. We aimed to describe LT outcomes in children with HUES and compared with LT outcomes in children transplanted for hepatoblastoma (HBL) and non‐malignancy indications.MethodsChildren 18 years or younger with HUES who underwent LT from 1987 to 2021 were identified from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. Graft and patient survival were studied in HUES and LT recipients with HBL and non‐malignancy indications using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox regression was used to compare patient and graft survival among groups, controlling for confounders.ResultsTwenty‐one children with HUES underwent LT during the study period with a median age at LT of 10 years (IQR: 8–12 years). One and five‐year patient survival for HUES recipients was not significantly different from that of recipients with HBL (p = .3) or non‐malignancy diagnoses (p = .6). There were no deaths due to HUES recurrence. In multivariable Cox regression, HUES did not increase risk of either patient or graft loss as compared to HBL (HR 2.36, p = .2) or non‐malignancy indications (HR 0.74, p = .7).ConclusionLT outcomes are more favorable in patients with HUES than historically described, and similar to LT outcomes of patients with HBL and non‐malignancy indications. Transplant should be considered for HUES patients with unresectable localized tumors.
Living donor liver transplantation for myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum due to POLG mutations
Authors: Kadohisa Masashi , Okamoto Tatsuya , Yamamoto Miki , Uebayashi Elena Yukie , Sonoda Mari , Ogawa Eri , Yokoyama Atsushi , Kawasaki Hidenori , Hiejima Eitaro , Ito Shogo , Togawa Takao , Imagawa Kazuo , Murayama Kei , Okajima Hideaki , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPOLG is one of several nuclear genes associated with mitochondrial DNA maintenance defects and is a group of diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA deficiency that results in impaired adenosine triphosphate production and organ dysfunction. Myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum (MCHS) is the most severe and earliest presentation of POLG mutations, and liver transplantation (LT) for MCHS has never been reported.Case presentationThe patient was a 3‐month‐old boy with acute liver failure and no neurological manifestations (e.g., seizures). We performed a living donor LT using a left lateral segment graft from his father. The postoperative course was uneventful. Subsequently, a homozygous POLG mutation (c.2890C>T, p. R964C) was identified by multigene analysis of neonatal/infantile intrahepatic cholestasis. Moreover, respiratory chain complex I, II, and III enzyme activities and the ratio of mtDNA to nuclear DNA in the liver were reduced. Therefore, we considered that these clinical manifestations and examination findings met the definition for MCHS. During meticulous follow‐up, the patient had shown satisfactory physical growth and mental development until the time of writing this report.ConclusionWe presumed that the absence of remarkable neurologic manifestations prior to LT in patients with MCHS is a good indication for LT and contributes to a better prognosis in the present case.
Sensitivity of dominant UKPhytophthora infestans genotypes to a range of fungicide active ingredients
Authors: Lynott James S. , Cooke David E. L. , Sullivan Louise , Lees Alison K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLate blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a serious disease of potatoes worldwide and is predominantly controlled by repeated prophylactic use of fungicides throughout the growing season. Effective blight management and integrated pest management strategies rely on knowledge of the efficacy of available fungicides to control contemporary genotypes of P. infestans. Between 2019 and 2022, representative isolates of the newer dominant genotypes EU36, EU37 and the older dominant genotype EU6 were sampled from GB crops and tested for sensitivity to seven commonly used fungicide active ingredients (cyazofamid, fluopicolide, mandipropamid, propamocarb, oxathiapiprolin, amisulbrom and mancozeb) used preventatively in detached leaf tests and zoospore motility assays where appropriate. Dose–response curves based on lesion area (mm2) were constructed, and EC50 values calculated. Isolates of P. infestans genotype EU37 were insensitive to fluazinam as previously reported. No insensitivity, or progression towards resistance over time, to any of the other fungicides was observed in any isolates of the genotypes tested, and EC50 values were generally in line with previous testing. Zoospore motility tests with fluopicolide revealed significantly higher MIC values for isolates of genotype EU36 compared with EU37 and EU6, which, whilst not indicative of resistance at the low concentrations of active ingredient tested, may be a factor contributing to the overall dominance of that genotype in the wider population of P. infestans. The evidence suggests that the fungicides tested, with the exception of fluazinam and EU37, are effective for the control of P. infestans genotypes dominant in the GB population up until 2022.
The administrative politics of unilateral action: Measuring delegation and discretion in the executive branch
Authors: Benn Annie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolitical scientists typically view unilateral action as the president “going it alone” in opposition to Congress. However, there is increasing recognition that, while such action may be unilateral with respect to Congress, its implementation relies on the cooperation of administrative agencies. In this article, unilateral action is considered an act of administrative delegation: in issuing a unilateral directive, a president is both authorizing an agency to act and indicating a discretionary window for such action. The article introduces the Administrative Delegation Dataset, which provides delegation and discretion scores for 1,641 presidential unilateral directives issued between 1936 and 2021. The scores are based on novel measures developed for the executive‐branch context, and the reliability and validity of the measures are discussed. I then use the dataset to show that the extent of delegation and discretion granted to administrative agents has shifted across modalities (executive orders, memoranda, proclamations) over time: the proportion of high‐scoring executive orders has been increasing, but that increase is offset by a corresponding decrease in high‐scoring memos. Additionally, I find that presidents use less administrative delegation in foreign policy than in domestic policy, which is consistent with existing literature on centralization of executive‐branch policymaking.
Gettier and the a priori
Authors: Berghofer Philipp 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 1967, Alvin Goldman prominently claimed that the traditional JTB analysis is adequate for non‐empirical knowledge. Since then, this claim has remained widely unchallenged. In this paper, I show that this claim is false. I provide two examples in which a true belief is a priori justified but epistemically defective such that it does not constitute knowledge. Finally, I submit a novel analysis of a priori knowledge that avoids the Gettier problem. What is particularly important and distinctive about my analysis is that I neither need to make the justification condition so strong that only infallible justification is allowed, nor do I need to explicitly introduce a truth condition.
Performing central bank independence: The Bank of England's communicative financial stability strategy
Authors: Baker Andrew , Hindmoor Andrew , McDaniel Sean 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCentral bank independence (CBI) has been one of the most significant regulatory state developments of the last three decades. Following the 2008 financial crisis, many central bank mandates were extended to include a responsibility for financial stability. Some commentators claim this jeopardizes CBI by drawing central banks into contested political issues that can impact financial stability, in what we term an independence in decline thesis. Through a detailed study of the Bank of England's financial stability communications employing the Comparative Agendas Project (CAP) codebook, we subject this independence in decline thesis to scrutiny. We show that since the extension of the Bank's mandate in 2011, Bank officials have discussed a wider range of more contentious policy issues. However, these communications appear to date to have largely reinforced the Bank's reputation for technical competence and political neutrality. In this sense, central bank “communicative agency” can be deployed to protect CBI performatively, while CBI can in turn be studied and understood as an ongoing communicative performance act. We find that repoliticization is a more contingent process than much central banking literature has allowed for, while financial stability communications are a potentially powerful regulatory instrument deserving of more scholarly attention.
Gender essentialism and benevolent sexism in anti‐trans rhetoric
Authors: Atwood S. , Morgenroth Thekla , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe past half‐decade has seen an exponential rise in proposed and debated anti‐trans legislation in the United States. These bills are often positioned at the center of divisive political debates between Republicans (who typically support these laws) and Democrats (who typically do not). In the process of discussing these debates, there has been widespread dissemination of anti‐trans rhetoric that has the potential to impact public opinion. In this review, we approach this rhetoric through the lens of social psychology with a specific focus on instances where anti‐trans legislation is portrayed as beneficial for the rights of other vulnerable groups of people, such as cisgender women and children. We identify psychological constructs reflected in anti‐trans rhetoric and then review existing literature on the consequences and beliefs associated with these constructs. Based upon this review, we argue that the kind of reasoning used to promote anti‐trans laws—specifically, essentialist beliefs and benevolent sexism—is actually associated with outcomes that are detrimental to the very groups these laws purport to protect. Given these potentially adverse effects of essentialism and benevolent sexism, we reflect on ways to reduce the impact of these psychological constructs in everyday life and suggest some alternatives to these laws that would improve the lives of both cisgender and transgender individuals. Next, we briefly discuss other forms of anti‐trans rhetoric and suggest ways that social psychology can be used to positively reframe rhetoric and policy to promote the welfare of transgender and gender‐diverse individuals. We close our paper with a brief discussion of limitations and summary of our ideas.