bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taurine Levels in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Migraine Patients
Authors: Martínez F. , Castillo J. , Leira R. , Prieto J.M. , Lema M. , Noya M. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTaurine is the amino acid with the highest concentration in the human body. Its physiologic functions arenot yet well understood. As a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator it may display inhibitory functions. We havemeasured taurine levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of migraine patients during attacks, comparing themwith controls. Patients with migraine had significantly higher concentrations than controls. No sex or ageinfluence over the amino acid levels were observed. Plasma taurine levels in patients with classic migrainecorrelated negatively with severity of headache. Central taurine liberation during migraine crisis may be due tospontaneous depolarization or a defensive reaction in the context of cerebral homeostatic processes.
Painful Intervertebral Dysfunction: Robert Maigne's Original Contribution to Headache of Cervical Origin
Authors: Meloche Jacques P. , Bergeron Yves , Bellavance Andre , Morand Marcel , Huot Jean , Belzile Gabriel 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISProfessor Robert Maigne, a French Orthopedic Medicine and Functional Rehabilitation specialist, hasput forward new concepts leading to a better understanding of common pain of spinal origin. Maigneexplains that pain in the spine is due to an intervertebral dysfunction of the mobile segment which consistsof the intervertebral disc, ligaments and the facet joints. Any benign mechanical dysfunction of the mobilesegment can induce a pain radiating in the dermatome at the same level as the vertebral problem. Maignealso described signs found in the skin (cellulalgia), in the muscles (myalgic bands) and in the bonyinsertions of tendons (tenalgia). These signs are to be found in the same dermatome, myotome andsclerotome as the spinal dysfunction. For headache of cervical origin due to painful intervertebraldysfunction, the most frequent dysfunctional mobile segment is located at the C2‐C3 level. This inducespain mostly in the posterior parts of the head and cellulalgia in the C2 and C3 dermatomes. Painfultumefaction is also found over the posterior aspects of the facet joints on palpation at this level. Thesefindings are key elements for the diagnosis of painful intervertebral dysfunction. The recognition of thesesigns is changing our understanding of the role of the cervical spine in headaches. Painful intervertebraldysfunction is very frequently found in chronic daily headaches.
Comparison of the Efficacy Between Flunarizine and Nifedipine in the Prophylaxis of Migraine
Authors: Lamsudin Rusdi , Sadjimin Tonny 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSIS Background. Several calcium channel blockers have been evaluated in controlled clinical studies and some holdconsiderable promise for future. Efficacy in migraine prophylaxis has been claimed for drugs belonging to all threeclasses of calcium channel blockers (nifedipine‐like, verapamil‐like, and flunarizine‐like), but the extent and quality of theevidence varies, and a comparison of efficacy between different calcium channel blockers has not been reported.Objective.The objective of the study is to assess the comparison of efficacy and safety of flunarizine and nifedipinein migraine prophylaxis.Patients and methods.The study was conducted in a prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial, parallelgroup design. 78 patients were studied for a 1‐month period during which all patients received placebo followed by a3‐month experimental period. Headache response to medication was measured monthly by compilation ofmigraine‐scores derived from quantitative data recorded by patients in a daily diary.1 Student's t‐test was used tocompare results from the flunarizine (10 mg) and nifedipine (20 mg) group for each month.Results.Both groups showed a significant reduction in the migraine‐scores after 3‐months. No significantdifferences were detected between groups, but there was a clinical significantly different reduction of migraine‐scoresbetween the groups in the first month after the run‐in period (58% vs 38%). It shows that the beneficial effect offlunarizine was more rapidly manifest than that of flunarizine. Tachycardia more frequently occurred in the nifedipinegroup than in the flunarizine treatment group.Conclusion.It concluded that flunarizine is a potentially more useful agent in the prophylaxis of migraine headache.
A Population‐Based Survey of Headache and Migraine in 22,809 Adults
Authors: Honkasalo M‐L. , Kaprio J. , Heikkilä K. , Sillanpää M. , Koskenvuo M. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA population‐based epidemiological study of the prevalence of headache in a sample of 24,682 adults was carried out in Finland. Enquiries were made concerning the frequency of headache, migraine and characteristics of headache attacks in a questionnaire survey in 1981. Headache was classified as migraine, and headache without migrainous features. Possible somatic causes of headache were excluded by record‐linkage with three nation‐wide medical registries.The prevalence of both headache types depended on age and gender. Among women the overall prevalence of migraine was 10.1% with a maximum of 11.5% in the 40‐49 age group. The prevalence rate among men was 2.5% and the female/male gender ratio was 4.0. Women with migraine had an average of 52.5 headache occasions during a year and men with migraine 61 headache occasions per year. At the individual level, headache without migrainous features was least invalidating. There were only 16.5 headache occasions a year among women and 11.5 among men. However, from a population perspective headache without migrainous features accounted for 46.5% of all headache occasions among women and for 60.8% among men. Thus, from the public health viewpoint, studies of “non‐clinical” headache, e.g. headache without migrainous features should be emphasized.
Abnormal Photoreactivity in Ictal Migraine: Reversal by Sumatriptan
Authors: Anzola G.P. , Magoni M. , Volta G. Dalla 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe reactivity of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) to light stimulation was studied with transcranial Doppler in 9 migraine patients (5 with aura, 4 without aura) within six hours of the onset of headache (mean 115 ± 78 minutes). The PCA mean flow velocity was recorded while the patient was in the dark and with the eyes closed and, subsequently, while the light was on and with the eyes open. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic sides were recorded. The same test was repeated thirty minutes after injection of sumatriptan 6 mg sub‐cutaneously and again on the third day after cessation of the attack. Photoreactivity was calculated, for each side and for each situation, as percent relative increase of the corresponding averaged mean flow velocity recorded in darkness. The results showed that, although absolute flow velocities were not statistically different between sides and situations, photoreactivity was significantly increased on the symptomatic side during attacks (+28% vs 15% respectively). After sumatriptan, photoreactivity became symmetrical and (nonsignificantly) inferior to the values recorded in the interictal period. These findings suggest that, during headache, peripheral resistance branches of PCA on the symptomatic side are hypersensitive to vasodilatory stimuli. This could represent the counterpart of the clinical scotomata and photophobia commonly experienced by migraine patients during attacks.
Migraine in Patients With Stroke and Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Silvestrini Mauro , Cupini Letizia Maria , Matteis Maria , De Simone Roberto , Bernardi Giorgio 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe association between migraine and antibodies against antiphospholipids is controversial. We investigated the prevalence and the clinical feature of migraine in patients with ischemic stroke and antiphospholipid antibodies. Data were obtained from the medical records of 162 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke over a 2‐year period. Ten patients with antiphospholipid antibodies were prospectively identified. A history of migraine was present in 6 of these patients and in only 5 of the 152 patients with negative results for antiphospholipid antibodies (chi‐square=47.68; P <.0001). In the former, migraine had been for a long time the only clinical problem before the occurrence of the ischemic stroke. These findings suggest that migraine is frequent and can be an early and a prominent symptom in the antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the association of migraine and antiphospholipid antibodies. A better knowledge of this association could allow an early identification of patients at high risk of stroke.
Subcutaneous Sumatriptan in the Acute Treatment of Migraine in Patients Using Dihydroergotamine as Prophylaxis
Authors: Henry P. , D'Allens H. , Abadie P. , Aliotti C. , Archirnbaud A. , Aurouze J , Boibelet J.‐P. , Bouchet J. , Brejoux G. , Cazal Y. , Deleuze J. , Ducarré M. , Dufour J. , Foissac R. , Giner M. , Guillemet S. , Jozereau P. , Lafuma G , Laugier J. , Longobardi B. , Manhas A. , Marteau E. , Mathas B. , Mauret D. , Maurin J.‐P. , Mongin G. , Paulet C. , Robert C. , Rousch D. , Sachetat P. , Salvi M. , Sdrigotti D. , Toores J. , Wien E. , Bertin Laurent 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe efficacy of sumatriptan, a 5‐HT 1 receptor agonist, in patients with migraine attacks occurring despite prophylactic treatment with oral dihydroergotamine, was assessed in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study involving 76 patients. Thirty‐seven patients were treated with a subcutaneous injection of 6 mg sumatriptan self‐administered with an auto‐injector and 39 with placebo given by the same route. Patients having inadequate relief were allowed to use a second injection of test medication I hour later and rescue treatment between 2 hours and 24 hours after the first dose. Headache relief was achieved within 2 hours after sumatriptan in 26 patients (70%) compared to 8 patients (21%) in the placebo group (P<0.0001). Of these patients, 19 (51%) and 3 (8%) were, respectively, pain free at this time. A second injection of sumatriptan was used by 8 (22%) patients compared to 30 (77%) patients in the placebo group (P<0.0001), whereas rescue medication was used respectively by 13 (35%) and 22 (58%) patients (P < 0.024). The adverse event profile of sumatriptan was not affected by the concomitant use of dihydroergotamine and side‐effects were all minor and transient. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the sumatriptan group (75%) compared to patient satisfaction with placebo (16%). These results show that the high efficacy rate of subcutaneous sumatriptan and its safety profile remain unchanged in migraine patients receiving oral dihydroergotamine as pro‐phylaxis.
Polypharmacy in a Headache Centre Population
Authors: Oates Linda N. , Scholz Mary J. , Hoffert Marvin J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn this paper we report the prevalence of self‐medication and polypharmacy in our patient population at the John R. Graham Headache Centre at the Faulkner Hospital, Boston. One hundred fifty patients were interviewed when they called the Headache Centre and spoke to a triage nurse, A significantly higher number of women than men called in for triage counselling. Sixty‐nine percent of the patients reported taking non‐Headache Centre medications, either prescribed or over the counter (OTC); 39% of the patients took pain medications. Thirty‐one different medications were named by patients for a mix of diagnoses.
Italian Experience of Electromyographic‐Biofeedback Treatment of Episodic Common Migraine: Preliminary Results
Authors: Grazzi Licia , Bussone Gennaro 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISElectromyographic biofeedback is commonly used successfully to treat tension‐type headache, while thermal biofeedback is considered the best behavioral therapy for migraine. Ten female patients with episodic common migraine (age 20‐35 years, age of disease onset 16.2 ± 5.1 years, illness duration 13.6 ± 10.7 years) were treated by 16 twice‐weekly electromyographic biofeedback and relaxation training sessions with breathing exercises. Follow‐up sessions were held 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment. A significant decrease in migraine episodes was noted after therapy. More importantly, pain episodes continued to decline up to the last follow‐up 12 months later. Electromyographic activity was within the normal range throughout treatment and follow‐up, and there was no relationship between electromyographic activity and pain index. It is concluded that the results, particularly after a year's follow‐up, are encouraging for the use of this technique to treat migraine. However, the behavioral changes and increased well‐being did not correlate with muscular tension. Control of breathing, peripheral temperature and muscle activity are probably important common factors mediating learned ability to influence sympathetic activity; it is probably the latter which leads to reduced pain in migraine patients.
Analgesic Use and Chronic Renal Disease in Patients With Headache
Authors: Rahman A. , Segasothy M. , Samad S.A. , Zulfiqar A. , Rani M. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe pattern of analgesic use, abuse and incidence of analgesic‐associated nephropathy in 79 patients with chronic headache was studied. Sixty‐eight of these patients had migraine. Most patients had consumed a combination of analgesics (81%) while 19% had taken single analgesics for their headache. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were the most commonly used analgesics (96.2%) followed by paracetamol (70.9%) and aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine compounds (5.1%). Mefenamic acid was the commonest nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug consumed (97.4%). Analgesic abuse which was defined as a minimum total of I kg of analgesics such as paracetamol or aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine compounds or 400 capsules/tablets of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs was noted in 65 patients. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were the most commonly abused analgesics (89.2%) followed by paracetamol (38.5%). Forty‐five of the 65 analgesic abusers had an intravenous urogram or ultrasound performed and renal papillary necrosis was documented in one patient. Three (4.6%) of the analgesic abusers had mildly raised serum creatinine levels. Mild proteinuria of less than 1 gm/ litre was present in 27.7% of abusers. In conclusion, although analgesic use and abuse is common in patients with chronic headache, the short term incidence of analgesic‐associated nephropathy (2.2%) and renal impairment (4.6%) was low. Prolonged observations will be necessary to ascertain the safety of these drugs for long term use.
A Contrast Enhanced Lesion of the III Nerve on MR of a Patient With Ophthalmoplegic Migraine as Evidence for a Tolosa‐Hunt Syndrome
Authors: Straube A. , Bandmann O. , Büittner U. , Schmidt H. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA 23‐year‐old female with a six year history of migraine without aura twice developed a nearly complete internal and external III nerve paresis ipsilateral to her headache, two days after the onset of migraineous headache. An MR scan performed one week after the second episode showed a contrast enhanced lesion of the prepontine III nerve, where it enters the cavernous sinus on the left side. The headache, as well as the paresis ameliorated spontaneously. We suggest this is a further well documented case of “ophthalmoplegic migraine” which might reflect Tolosa‐Hunt syndrome.
Bilateral Horner's Syndrome in Cluster Type Headaches
Authors: Khurana Ramesh K. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA patient with cluster type headaches demonstrated bilateral and alternating ocular sympathetic dysfunction during a spontaneous as well as a nitroglycerin‐induced attack. Biochemical evaluation revealed postganglionic pupillary dysfunction on the symptomatic side and preganglionic pupillary dysfunction contralaterally. These findings defy a simple explanation regarding a central or peripheral origin of the oculocephalic sympathetic dysfunction.
Headache Caused by a Single Lesion of Multiple Sclerosis in the Periaqueductal Gray Area
Authors: Haas David C. , Kent Paul F. , Friedman Deborah I. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe report a severe acute headache that occurred in conjunction with a solitary fresh lesion of multiple sclerosis in the periaqueductal gray region of a 16‐year‐old girl. This unique natural event supports the recent proposition, based on observations of patients with implanted electrodes, that perturbations of the periaqueductal gray region can produce headache. It also suggests that headaches accompanying attacks of multiple sclerosis are due to disturbances in particular regions of the brain.
Towards a Functional Model of Chronic Headaches: Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences
Authors: Martin Paul R. , Milech Dan , Nathan Paula R. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe traditional approach to classifying headache based on symptoms and assumed mechanisms is criticized as having limited utility when applied to tension‐type headache and migraine. The study reported here was designed to explore an alternative method of conceptualizing chronic headaches based on functional characteristics or controlling variables. One hundred and ninety nine chronic headache sufferers completed questionnaires which enquired about the antecedents and consequences of their headaches. An attempt to build a categorical model driven by functional characteristics using cluster analysis was unsuccessful but a subsequent attempt to construct a dimensional model using factor analysis proved more successful. This approach led to the emergence of five antecedent dimensions and six consequences dimensions (three pertaining to the responses of sufferers and three to the reactions of significant others) which were readily identifiable. The functional dimensions were significantly related to traditional diagnostic categories but at a low level. Three functional dimensions predicted response to psychological treatment.
Office‐Based Treatment of Acute Migraine With Dihydroergotamine Mesylate
Authors: Winner Paul , Dalessio Donald , Mathew Ninan , Sadowsky Carl , Turkewitz L. Jay , Sheftell Frederick , Silberstein Stephen D. , Solomon Seymour 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe Regional Migraine Field Trial assessed the efficacy and safety of dihydroergotamine mesylate (D.H.E. 45 (r) ) for migraine in the office setting. Patients were admitted to the study provided they met the International Headache Society definition of migraine with or without aura. Thirty‐eight neurologists enrolled 311 patients (274 women and 37 men) between the ages of 13 and 70 years in this open‐design study. Ninety‐five percent of the patients had moderate or severe headache pain at entry, and 62% had nausea. All patients received a single intramuscular injection of D.H.E. 45 (r) 1 mg. A second intramuscular injection of 1 mg was given 60 minutes after the first injection, if needed. An antiemetic was administered concomitantly with D.H.E. 45 (r) , if needed. Rescue therapy was given at the investigators' discretion. Efficacy was judged by the relief of pain, patients' ability to function, need for a second injection, need for rescue medication, and need for an antiemetic. At 30 and 60 minutes, 46% and 72% of patients had only mild or no head pain, respectively. At 24 hours, 77% of all patients had mild or no head pain. D.H.E. 45 (r) also improved functional ability. At 30 and 60 minutes, 58% and 75% of patients had only mild or no disability, respectively. At 24 hours, 81% had mild or no impairment. Nausea was present in 62% of patients at the outset, 40% of patients at 30 minutes, and 30% at 60 minutes. An antiemetic was given to 43% of patients at the outset. The presence of nausea was similar whether or not patients received an antiemetic. Rescue medication was needed for 11% of patients, and adverse events were reported by 9%. In conclusion, D.H.E. 45 (r) is effective therapy for acute migraine. A second dose provides additional relief, if needed.
Cluster Headache: The Ventilatory Response to Transient Hypoxia with Pure Nitrogen
Authors: Shen Jie Ming , Schaanning Jan , White Linda , Kruszewski Piotr , Bjaanes Elisabeth , Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTo determine whether the carotid body plays a pathogenetic role in cluster headache, 20 cluster headache patients have been studied. Of these, 11 patients were in the interparoxysmal cluster phase, and 9 were in remission. Comparison was made with healthy subjects matched for sex, age, and smoking habits. Transient hypoxia was induced by inhalation of 1–8 breaths of 100% nitrogen (N2), until the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) decreased to around 80%. Changes in ventilation (tidal volume, inspiratory minute ventilation (VI ), and end‐tidal PCO2 (PETCO2)), were analyzed breath‐by‐breath.Under basal conditions, cluster headache patients had a slightly higher SaO2 and VI when compared to controls. PETCO 2 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) during the cluster period as measured by Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired data, and during remission, according to the Student's paired t‐test, in comparison with controls. After exposure to N2, no significant difference was found in the rate of reduction of SaO2 between any of the groups. A higher absolute increase in VI , but a relative (%) decrease in VI at moderate hypoxia were measured, the differences between patients and controls being on the border of the level of significance. Chemoreceptor sensitivity of the carotid body, expressed as the slope of a regression curve obtained by plotting the increase in VI against the reduction in SaO2, showed no statistical difference between the groups. The results do not support the hypothesis of a pathogenetic role for the carotid body in cluster headache.
Hemicrania Continua and Symptomatic Medication Overuse
Authors: Young William B. , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISHemicrania continua (HC) is a rare, strictly unilateral, non‐paroxysmal headache disorder characterized by its absolute responsiveness to indomethacin. The pain is usually moderate in intensity and frequently associated with a superimposed“jabs and jolts” headache.We report two cases of HC which presented as chronic daily headache (CDH) with abortive medication overuse.CDH can be due to transformed migraine (TM), new daily persistent headache (NDPH), chronic tension‐type headache, and HC. All can be unilateral, and all can be associated with medication overuse. Our two cases meet the criteria for HC based on indomethacin responsiveness. One meets the criteria for TM, the other NDPH. Is HC a distinct disorder, or a subset of these other disorders? CDH with medication overuse includes in its differential diagnosis HC.