Penetapan Aspek Hukum Pidana Materiil Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual
Authors: SH.,MH. Sujasmin 
Published: January 2025

Kekerasan seksual merupakan suatu problematika yang kenyataanya terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat, dan merupakan bentuk penyerangan dan ancaman terhadap tubuh, seksualitas, dan hak-hak perempuan, anak dan pada umumnya terkait adanya ketidaksetaraan relasi kuasa antara laki-laki dengan perempuan. Kekerasan seksual, sebelumnya telah diatur dalam perundang-undangan terdahulu diantaranya perkosaan, percabulan, pornografi, perbuatan asusila (pelecehan seksual), maupun incest. Namun dalam perkembangannya kekerasan seksual meningkat, ketentuan hukum tersebut tidak dapat menjangkau terhadap kekerasan seksual. Akhirnya diberlakukannya UU No.12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS). Jenis penelitian ini yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan konseptual. Teknik pengumpulan data ini dengan cara studi dokumen (study of document), yaitu kajian yang menitikberatkan pada analisis atau interprestasi bahan tertulis berupa buku, naskah, artikel, dan sejenisnya yaitu penetapan aspek hukum pidana materiil dalam UU TPKS. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui yaitu adanya beberapa kriminalisasi TPKS (Pasal 4 sampai dengan Pasal 14 UU TPKS), pelaku TPKS (setiap orang atau korporasi) juga diatur secara tegas pelaku TPKS dalam rumusan pasalnya, sasaran / ruang lingkup korban TPKS (Pasal 15 UU TPKS), sanksi pidana pelaku TPKS selain dikenakan pidana penjara, dan pidana denda, serta pidana tambahan berupa sanksi restitusi kepada korban TPKS (Pasal 16, Pasal 30-38 UU TPKS), dan sanksi tindakan berupa rehabilitasi medis dan rehabilitasi sosial bagi pelaku TPKS (Pasal 17 UU TPKS).

Sexual violence is a problem that actually occurs in people's lives, and is a form of attack and threat to the body, sexuality, and rights of women, children and in general related to the inequality of power relations between men and women. Sexual violence has previously been regulated in previous legislation including rape, fornication, pornography, immoral acts (sexual harassment), and incest. However, in its development, sexual violence has increased, these legal provisions cannot cover sexual violence. Finally, Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS) was enacted. This type of research is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach method. This data collection technique is by means of document study, namely a study that focuses on the analysis or interpretation of written materials in the form of books, manuscripts, articles, and the like, namely the determination of material criminal law aspects in the TPKS Law. The results of this study show that there are several criminalizations of TPKS (Articles 4 to 14 of the TPKS Law), TPKS perpetrators (every person or corporation) are also strictly regulated by TPKS perpetrators in the formulation of their articles, targets/scope of TPKS victims (Article 15 of the TPKS Law), criminal sanctions for TPKS perpetrators in addition to being subject to imprisonment and fines, as well as additional penalties in the form of restitution sanctions for TPKS victims (Article 16, Articles 30-38 of the TPKS Law), and sanctions in the form of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation for TPKS perpetrators (Article 17 of the TPKS Law).