bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the naso-oropharynx of SARS-CoV-2-infected persons in an African population: implications for low disease severity
Authors: Akorli Jewelna , Opoku Millicent , Appiah-Twum Francis , Akpo Margaret Sena , Ismail Rahmat Yusif , Boamah Georgina Yaa Kwartemaa , Obeng-Aboagye Elizabeth , Adu-Asamoah Dina , Owusu-Donkor Irene 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with various diseases, including COVID-19. The association of the oral microbiome with SARS-CoV-2 infections and disease progression has been documented in European, Asian, and American populations but not in Africa.
Methods: We conducted a study in Ghana to evaluate and compare the naso-oropharyngeal microbiome in SARS-CoV-2-infected and noninfected persons before and after vaccination. 16S rDNA was sequenced and analysed from DNA extracted from the naso-oropharyngeal swabs of consenting participants.
Results: Alpha diversity was high among pre-vaccinated virus-positive individuals (Shannon: p< 0.0001) but reduced among vaccinated persons. Contrary to other reports, differences in viral loads did not significantly affect alpha diversity. Pre-vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative individuals had little yet significant microbial compositional dissimilarity (PERMANOVA: R2=0.14, p= 0.001) but not when some individuals were vaccinated (PERMANOVA: R2=0.013, p= 0.49). Consistent with other studies, Prevotella and Atopobium were abundant in pre-vaccinated virus-positive persons (adjusted p value <0.05). Butyrate-producing microbes, including members of Lachnospiraceae and Fusobacterium sp., were in relatively high abundances in infected individuals. As biomarkers associated with the infection (log10LDA> 4.0), they suggest probable protective pathophysiological processes that would prevent severe disease outcomes in this population. Anaerovoracaceae was increased in infected vaccinated persons, further implicating Firmicutes in protective immunity against COVID-19.
Conclusion: Our results necessitate further studies to confirm the integral role of Firmicutes in immune responses and disease progression. We also recommend expansion of microbiome–disease association studies across Africa to identify possible bacterial-mediated therapeutics for emerging infections.
Evaluation of the relation between salivary alpha-amylase level and oral diseases with the stress etiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pakravan Fahimeh , Chatraei Fatemeh , Heidari Zahra , Nilchian Firoozeh , Ghazavi Roghayeh , Isfahani Mehdi Nasr 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Stress is one of the etiologic factors causing oral diseases. There are different factors for measuring stress: Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase. Thus, this literature aims to evaluate the relationship between salivary alpha-amylase levels and oral diseases with the stress etiology. A systematic search of all articles without time limitation was carried out by relevant keywords from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus based on PRISMA instruction. Egger and Begg's regression did a statistical analysis of an asymmetric Funnel Plot for an adjusted rank correlation test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine each study's effect on the final effect size. The number of articles after inclusion and exclusion criteria and checklist reached 10. The final effect size in 8 studies was 0.63(-0.08_1.34) alpha-amylase, which means the level of alpha-amylase in the case group was higher than the control group by about 0.63.It isn't significant(I2 = 93.3%,P = 0.000).The final effect size of Burning Mouth Syndrome( BMS) studies was 0.77(0.04_1.50), which means the level of alpha-amylase in the BMS group was higher than the control group by about 0.77.It is significant(I2 = 82.1%,P = 0.004). The final effect size in 6 studies was 0.61(-0.02_1.20) stress, which means the stress level in the case group was higher than in the control group, about 0.61. It is significant (I2 = 88.2%, P = 0.000) Although there are few studies about the relation between salivary alpha-amylase levels and oral diseases with stress etiology, it is recommended to conduct more clinical studies to achieve more accurate results and the relation between this factor and systemic diseases.
Temperature-dependent Photo-Elastic Coefficient of Silicon at 1550 nm
Authors: Dickmann Johannes , Meyer Jan , Gaedtke Mika , Kroker Stefanie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a study on the temperature dependent photo-elastic coefficient in single-crystal silicon with (100) and (110) orientations at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The measurement of the photo-elastic coefficient was performed using a polarimetric scheme across a wide temperature range from 5 K to 300 K. The experimental setup employed high-sensitivity techniques and incorporated automatic beam path correction, ensuring precise and accurate determination of the coefficient’s values. The results show excellent agreement with previous measurements at room temperature, specifically yielding a value of dn/dσ = −2.463 × 10-11 1/Pa for the (100) orientation. Interestingly, there is a significant difference in photo-elasticity between the different crystal orientations of approximately 50 %. The photo-elastic coefficient’s absolute value increases by approximately 40 % with decreasing temperature down to 5 K. These findings provide valuable insights into the photo-elastic properties of silicon and its behavior under varying mechanical stress, particularly relevant for optomechanical precision experiments like cryogenic gravitational wave detectors and microscale optomechanical quantum sensors.
A first approach to MCI and Dementia prevalence through Q-RUDAS in the elderly Quechua population
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan Adrián , Quispe Ruth Diana Mamani , Turpo José Chinoapaza , Paredes-Manrique Carmen , Malaga Marco , Mamani-Benito Oscar , Montesinos Rosa , Custodio Nilton , Tosto Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) has proven to be one of the best instruments of cognitive function evaluation in illiterate and low-educated participants; it is easy to adapt in different countries, languages, and cultures, showing good validation properties. In Peru, we are working to bring this instrument to Quechua speakers. The present study aimed to obtain the first approach to cognitive prevalence in elderly individuals in their native language.
Methods:After an initial pilot study (Malaga in preparation), we use the culturally and language-adapted Q-RUDAS in the Peruvian Quechua population of the Puno region (n=511), with a mean age of 65.04 ± 6.73 means (ranging from 59 to 92 years), 80.4% of the sample were females. We obtain socio-demographic data (educational level, occupation, and precedence residence area) and the Q-RUDAS scores. Additionally, we asked the patients open-ended questions about the test adaptation. We excluded patients with antecedents of pathologies that may interfere with the performance of the test. Verbal and signed consent were obtained. We use the previous RUDAS cut-off from Peruvian validation studies to have an initial approach to cognitive prevalence.
Results:We include 493 participants without relevant medical history. Participants understood all Q-RUDAS items but reported difficulties with visuospatial construction (more than 50% could not draw the cube, more than 25% failed to draw some parts, and around 20% drew it accordingly). The mean score of Q-RUDAS was 26.01 ± 2.71. We found that 446 participants have standard scores (26.67 ± 1.92), 41 MCI (21.49 ± 1.92), and 6 participants that meet scores of dementias (17.00 ± 2.71). Besides, differences were found in the total score regarding the precedence area of participants, with Urban´s having an increased score.
Conclusion:The previously adapted RUDAS test to Quechua (Q-RUDAS) in Peru was well understood among native patients. This culturally sensitive tool is essential for diagnosing dementia in indigenous populations, but more studies are needed, such as cross-validation studies. An initial approach of the prevalence of MCI and dementia is around 9.52 % in the native population.
Association of body mass index variability with multimorbidity in the elderly
Authors: Han Hua , Zhang Yayun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) variability has been found to be associated with higher mortality and aging related chronic disease. However, there are few studies on the relationship between BMI variability and multimorbidity.Objectives To investigate the relationship between BMI variability and comorbidity and provide evidence-based medical evidence for finding therapeutic targets to reduce the incidence of multimorbidity.Methods This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. We included 14195 people more than 60 years old from 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). All samples had complete chronic disease information and BMI recordings. BMI variability were calculated by average successive variability (ASV). Participants were stratified by BMI Variability into five groups and ORs and 95%CIs were calculated compared with lowest quartile group.Results For elderly people with chronic disease, the incidence of multimorbidity was from 68.0–95.5%, and it increased from the lowest to the highest quartile groups in most chronic disease(P < 0.01). Stroke was the most common disease coexisting with other chronic diseases (87.2–95.5%), followed by heart disease (85.4–94.0%). While in hypertension elderly people, the ratio was relatively lower (68.0–80.1%). In both three models, the odds ratios (ORs) of multimorbidity incidence significantly increased in the groups with high BMI variability (P < 0.001). And for multimorbidity patients, the ORs (95% CI) were increased from quintile 1 to quintile 5 group (P < 0.001).Conclusions BMI variability was associated with incidence of multimorbidity, and it seems that higher weight variation showed a large response.
Building a Maternal and Child Cohort Amidst Lebanon’s Socioeconomic Collapse: Preliminary Results and Navigating Research Challenges
Authors: Kaddoura Rima , Elbejjani Martine , Tamim Hani , Mahfoud Ziyad R , Salameh Pascale , Mirza Fadi , Charafeddine Lama 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, research has shown how connected systems influence health. Lebanon's financial predicament and political unrest have created a multifaceted crisis landscape with shortage in essential services. Social determinants like socioeconomic status and social support along with maternal mental health have been linked to preterm birth. Preterm infants are particularly disadvantaged, needing comprehensive, multidisciplinary support for optimal development. This study delves into exploring the impact of the social environment on preterm infants' developmental outcomes amidst Lebanon’s complex crises. Exploring the links between determinants of health and preterm outcomes gains urgency in this context. Lebanon's healthcare and economic deterioration over the past years is expected to amplify these risks, emphasizing the need to understand their impacting on both birth outcomes and infants’ cognitive development.
We aimed to establish a prospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of the social environment on birth and developmental outcomes. This multicenter prospective cohort faced challenges that can be categorized into recruitment, follow-up, and in data collection challenges. Emigration of Lebanese citizens affected recruitment, reducing the pool of eligible participants. Birth rates decreased due to the socioeconomic and political crises. Follow-up assessments were hindered by rising healthcare costs and obstacles with transportation.
Whilst the study is still ongoing, preliminary results highlight the importance of the social environment and contextual conditions. The WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire scores of the preterm infants’ mothers were significantly lower than those of term infants across physical, psychological, and social domains. Stress levels were noted to be high across most of the mothers. Economic challenges decreased the purchasing power and limited income measurement in the cohort.
Findings from this study aim to provide critical data on the crises’ effect on social determinants, child developmental outcomes, and their relationship. Results can have important implications for informed resource allocation and timely interventions.
Non-Functioning Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Rare Case of Severe Headache and Fever
Authors: Chauhan Dhruva , Yadav Anant 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: In this case report, we present a unique case of a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma that initially presented as a benign headache persisting for 2-3 years and responsive to NSAIDs.
Case Presentation: The patient, a 35-year-old female, had been experiencing headaches for 2-3 years, which had previously resolved with NSAIDs. However, she developed a fever and a progressively worsening headache over the course of 3-4 days, and NSAIDs no longer provided relief. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigations showed normal results. Imaging confirmed the presence of a pituitary cystic adenoma measuring 2 cm x 1.5 cm x 1 cm, and hormonal assessment confirmed a non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Consultation with an Ophthalmologist ruled out papilledema and retinopathy. Neurosurgery was consulted, and the removal of the pituitary adenoma was planned. The patient received supportive therapy, including Tab Clonazepam 0.5 mg OD for 4 days, Inj Pantoprazole 40 mg BD, Inj Ondansetron 4 mg TDS, Inj Ceftriaxone 1 g BD, Inj Paracetamol 150 mg TDS for 4 days. The surgical removal of the tumor resulted in the resolution of the patient's symptoms.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of thorough screening for malignant causes in cases of persistent headaches, regardless of their response to NSAIDs.
Using Radar and Optical Satellite Images to Delineate Paleodrainages in Desert Regions: A Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saud Mashael Al 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Al Saud (2023) worked on detailed cartography for all drainage systems of Saudi Arabia using SRTM DEM and topographic maps. However, a number of watercourses were noted with anomalous morphometric behavior. This includes abrupt termination of stream networks, traces for dry channels and presence of linear wet and saline soil horizons. This was attributed to the existence of paleochannels which have been noted in several studies in the Arabian Peninsula including Saudi Arabia. The history of these channels was returned to Late Quaternary (Pleistocene) epoch when large global climate fluctuations occurred, and these changes were reflected in topographic rippling and abrupt changes in terrain slopping, which in turn acted on the extinction of many watercourses and creation of others. This study aims at characterizing several observations for paleochannels in Saudi Arabia using remote sensing products. In this respect, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was used to generate detailed drainage systems; while Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) were processed to detect paleochannels and the relevant paleo-geomorphological features by adopting a number of digital techniques. Several aspects of these channels were identified. The significance of paleochannels includes the high potentiality for groundwater storage, and interprets the geographic extent of saline water on-land.
CircHIPK3 regulates fatty acid metabolism through miR-637/FASN axis to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wen , Cao Shi-qiang , Xue Song-tao , Li Wen-juan , Hu Guo-sheng , Wu Zhi-gang , Zheng Jian-cong , Zhang Shu-liang , Lin Xiao , Chen Chun , Zheng Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The oncogenic role of circRNAs in cancers including esophageal cancer (EC) has been well studied. However, whether and how circRNAs are involved in cancer cell metabolic processes remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that circRNA, circHIPK3, is highly expressed in ESCC cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of circHIPK3 significantly restrained cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circHIPK3 was found to act as a ceRNA by sponging miR-637 to regulate FASN expression and fatty acid metabolism in ESCC cells. Anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting circHIPK3 substantially inhibited ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, these results uncover a modulatory axis constituting of circHIPK3/miR-637/FASN may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC in the clinic.
Effects of prone positioning on ARDS outcomes of trauma and surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phoophiboon Vorakamol , Owattanapanich Natthida , Owattanapanich Weerapat , Schellenberg Morgan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:
Prone position is an option for rescue therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, there are limited relevant data among trauma and surgical patients, who may be at increased risk for complications following position changes. This study aimed to identify the benefits and risks of proning in this patient subgroup.
Methods:
Follow the PRISMA 2020, MEDLINE and EMBASE database searches were conducted. Additional search of relevant primary literature and review articles was also performed. A random effects model was used to estimate the PF ratio, mortality rate, mechanical ventilator days, and intensive care unit length of stay using Review Manager 5.4.1 software.
Results:
Of 1,128 studies, 15 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The prone position significantly improved the PF ratio compared with the supine position (mean difference, 79.26; 95% CI, 53.38 to 105.13). The prone position group had a statistically significant mortality benefit (risk ratio [RR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.67). Although there was no significant difference in the intensive care unit length of stay, the prone position significantly decreased mechanical ventilator days (-2.59; 95% CI, -4.21 to -0.97). On systematic review, minor complications were frequent, especially facial edema. There were no differences in local wound complications.
Conclusions:
The prone position has comparable complications to the supine position. With its benefits of increased oxygenation and decreased mortality, the prone position can be considered for trauma and surgical patients. A prospective multicenter study is warranted.
Birth attendants’ lived experiences of caring for pregnant women suspected to or diagnosed with Covid 19 in labor and delivery ward based on a phenomenological approach
Authors: Alirezaei Somayeh , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad , Sharifi Farangis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Covid 19 pandemic has imposed the increased workload and challenges to birth attendants while providing the required care for delivery in mothers. However, so far, no study has been performed based on the experiences and views of this group. The present study was performed with the aim of filling the existing research gap in this field by exploring the real time experiences of birth attendants in caring for suspected/infected pregnant mothers during the pandemic.
Methods
The present research is a qualitative phenomenological study that was conducted on birth attendants (midwives and doctors) of pregnant women suspected/infected with covid-19 in the delivery department of teaching hospitals located in Mashhad, Iran, from March to May 2020. The qualitative data was collected about the real time experiences of the participants and was analyzed by six methodological steps proposed by Van Menen (1990).
Results
Interviews were performed with 12 birth attendants working in teaching hospitals. Four final themes were obtained about the real time experience of this group for caring pregnant women suspected/infected with Covid-19 in the delivery department. These themes included: "lost peace", "spirituality", "pride" and "looking forward to a better future".
Conclusion
The final results indicated that despite the fact that midwives/gynecologists played a valuable role as obstetricians in the frontline of the fight against the Covid-19 disease, they faced many challenges in various occupational, personal, and emotional dimensions. By the way, structural organizational policies are recommended to provide midwives/gynecologists an equal and safe position to fully perform their profession and a have healthy relationship within the family.
An unexpected opportunity can turn an old friend into a foe: septic arthritis caused by Neisseria macacea
Authors: Besli Yesim , okullu Sinem oktem , Kocagoz Sesin , Gundogdu Yasemin , Deniz Orhan Cem 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Any patient presenting with acute, non-traumatic joint pain, swelling, and fever needs prompt evaluation and diagnosis for septic-type arthritis to enable effective treatment. Septic arthritis is primarily caused by bacteria and is frequently the most destructive form of acute arthritis, which requires rapid treatment. Although larger joints such as the hip and knee are more frequently affected, smaller joints such as the shoulder and ankle can also be affected. Septic arthritis is mostly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus infections and usually affects only one joint. In this article, we present a case of septic arthritis in which Neisseria macacae was identified as the causative agent for the first time to our knowledge, in order to emphasize an underlying factor and microbiological differential diagnosis. The isolate was initially identified using Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and confirmed with Next Generation Sequencing. The primary objective of this report is to highlight that although Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are considered as pathogens, the other members of Neisseria species present in human and animal nasopharynx can cause opportunistic infections under favorable conditions. It is important to acknowledge the potential of these organisms to cause infections.