bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Efficiency Binary and Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Novel Nonfused‐Ring Electron Acceptors
Authors: Lu Hao , Liu Wenlong , Ran Guangliu , Li Jingyi , Li Dawei , Liu Yahui , Xu Xinjun , Zhang Wenkai , Bo Zhishan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, three nonfused‐ring electron acceptors (2TT, 2TT‐C6‐F, and 2TT‐C11‐F) with the same steric hindrance groups (2,4,6‐tripropylbenzene) are designed and synthesized and the impact of electron‐withdrawing and lateral alkyl side chains on the performance of binary and ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) is explored. For the binary OSCs, 2TT‐C11‐F with IC‐2F terminal groups and lateral undecyl side chains display a red shifted absorption spectrum and suitable energy levels, and the corresponding blend film exhibits appropriate phase separation and crystallinity. Thus, binary OSCs based on 2TT‐C11‐F achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency of 13.03%, much higher than the efficiencies of those based on 2TT (9.68%) and 2TT‐C6‐F (12.11%). In the ternary OSCs, 2TT with CC terminal groups and lateral hexyl side chains exhibit complementary absorption and cascade energy levels with a host binary system (D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F). Hence, the ternary OSCs based on 2TT achieve a remarkable efficiency of 19.39%, ranking among the highest reported values. The research yields comprehensive 2TT‐series nonfused‐ring electron acceptors, demonstrating their great potential for the fabrication of high‐performance binary and ternary OSCs.
Ultra‐Fast Single‐Nucleotide‐Variation Detection Enabled by Argonaute‐Mediated Transistor Platform
Authors: Kong Derong , Zhang Shen , Guo Mingquan , Li Shenwei , Wang Qiang , Gou Jian , Wu Yungen , Chen Yiheng , Yang Yuetong , Dai Changhao , Tian Zhengan , Wee Andrew Thye Shen , Liu Yunqi , Wei Dacheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract“Test‐and‐go” single‐nucleotide variation (SNV) detection within several minutes remains challenging, especially in low‐abundance samples, since existing methods face a trade‐off between sensitivity and testing speed. Sensitive detection usually relies on complex and time‐consuming nucleic acid amplification or sequencing. Here, a graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET) platform mediated by Argonaute protein that enables rapid, sensitive, and specific SNV detection is developed. The Argonaute protein provides a nanoscale binding channel to preorganize the DNA probe, accelerating target binding and rapidly recognizing SNVs with single‐nucleotide resolution in unamplified tumor‐associated microRNA, circulating tumor DNA, virus RNA, and reverse transcribed cDNA when a mismatch occurs in the seed region. An integrated microchip simultaneously detects multiple SNVs in agreement with sequencing results within 5 min, achieving the fastest SNV detection in a “test‐and‐go” manner without the requirement of nucleic acid extraction, reverse transcription, and amplification.
Bulk Electrosynthesis of Patchy Particles with Highly Controlled Asymmetric Features
Authors: Chassagne Paul , Garrigue Patrick , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAsymmetric modification of particles with various patches of different composition and size at predefined positions is an important challenge in contemporary surface chemistry, as such particles have numerous potential applications, ranging from materials science and (photo)catalysis to self‐assembly and drug delivery. However, approaches allowing the synthesis of this kind of complex objects in the bulk of a solution in a straightforward way are currently lacking. In this context, bipolar electrochemistry (BE) is a powerful technique for the asymmetric modification of conducting objects. Herein, this approach is used for the highly controlled modification of particles with different metal patches, generated at specific locations of isotropic objects. The synthesis is carried out in the bulk of the solution and leads to predefined patterns of increasing complexity, including even a specific chiral arrangement of the patches.
Promoting the Recruitment, Engagement, and Reinvigoration of Effector T Cells via an Injectable Hydrogel with a Supramolecular Binding Capability for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhu Yueqiang , Jin Liangjie , Chen Junbin , Su Miao , Sun Tianmeng , Yang Xianzhu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractT cells play a basic and key role in immunotherapy against solid tumors, and efficiently recruiting them into neoplastic foci and sustaining long‐term effector function are consistent goals that remain a critical challenge. Here, an injectable alginate‐based hydrogel with abundant β‐cyclodextrin (ALG‐βCD) sites is developed and intratumorally injected to recruit CCR9+CD8+ T cells (a subset of T cells with robust antitumor activity) via the trapped chemokine CCL25. In the meantime, an intravenously injected adamantane‐decorated anti‐PD1 antibody (Ad‐aPD1) would hitchhike on recruited CCR9+CD8+ T cells to achieve the improved intratumoral accumulation of Ad‐aPD1. Moreover, the Ad‐PD1 and Ad‐PDL1 antibodies are immobilized in the ALG‐βCD hydrogel through supramolecular host–guest interactions of Ad and βCD, which facilitate engagement between CD8+ T cells and tumor cells and reinvigorate CD8+ T cells to avoid exhaustion. Based on this treatment strategy, T cell‐mediated anticancer activity is promoted at multiple levels, eventually achieving superior antitumor efficacy in both orthotopic and postsurgical B16‐F10 tumor models.
A Polymer‐Based Chemiresistive Gas Sensor for Selective Detection of Ammonia Gas
Authors: Rath Ronil J. , Farajikhah Syamak , Oveissi Farshad , Shahrbabaki Zahra , Yun Jimmy , Naficy Sina , Dehghani Fariba 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBreath analysis is a non‐invasive tool used in medical diagnosis. However, the current generation of breath analyzers is expensive, time‐consuming, and requires sample gas separation. In this work, a simple, yet effective, low‐cost ammonia gas sensor based on poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) is presented for non‐invasive medical diagnosis. The designed sensor has a broad detection range to ammonia gas up to 1000 ppm with a limit of detection of 30 ppb. This is a robust sensor, which functions at high relative humidity (RH) (>90%) and exhibits consistent electrical responses under different test conditions. The result of a blind test validates the sensor's selective response to ammonia in the presence of other gases such as carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is viable to integrate this sensor into a mask for real‐time ammonia gas detection accurately. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a simple, non‐invasive, and cost‐effective sensor for real‐time monitoring of ammonia gas with high potential in applications such as medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental conditions.
Reconfigurable Logic‐In‐Memory Cell Comprising Triple‐Gated Feedback Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Han Jongseong , Son Jaemin , Jeon Juhee , Shin Yunwoo , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA reconfigurable logic‐in‐memory (R‐LIM) cell performs logic‐in‐memory functions as well as reconfigurable logic gates. The R‐LIM cell is constructed with triple‐gated (TG) feedback field‐effect transistors (FBFETs) that are reconfigured in n‐channel or p‐channel modes via electrostatic doping. Each TG FBFET has one control gate electrode and two program‐gate electrodes that determine the channel mode. Their reconfigurability enables the symmetrical operation of the n‐channel and p‐channel modes through an on‐current ratio of 1:04. Furthermore, the R‐LIM cell performs eight Boolean logic operations, storing the logic outputs for ≈100 s under zero‐bias conditions. The R‐LIM cell is useful for developing in‐memory computing systems with high energy efficiency and functional logic.
Continuous no‐tillage winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer by yield environment
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathan D. , Assefa Yared 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMaintaining crop residue through no‐tillage (NT) has allowed increased water storage and continuous cropping in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐based systems. However, there is little information regarding nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates for a continuous NT wheat cropping system across various yield environments. The main objective of this study was to determine agronomic optimum N rates for a continuous NT wheat in different yield environments. The study was conducted from 1981 through 2003 at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, with six N fertilizer rate treatments (0, 22, 45, 67, 90, and 112 kg N ha−1). Experimental years were divided into four yield environments: very low yielding (VLY), low yielding (LY), high yielding (HY), and very high yielding (VHY). Results showed that LY environments required a relatively greater N amount (79–98 kg N ha−1) than HY to VHY environments (72–73 kg N ha−1) to attain optimal yields. The optimal yields at low‐yield environments were smaller (1184–1654 kg ha−1) than in high‐yield environments (2181–2733 kg ha−1). Protein yield increased by 120 g for 1 kg increase in grain yield. We concluded that the optimum N fertilizer rates for continuous NT wheat ranged from 70 to 100 kg N ha−1, but these rates should be adjusted based on yield environments.
The 141‐year period for Dr. Beal's seed viability experiment: A hybrid surprise
Authors: Fleming Margaret B. , Stanley Lauren , Zallen Robyn , Chansler Matthew T. , Brudvig Lars A. , Lowry David B. , Weber Marjorie , Telewski Frank W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPremiseIn 1879, Dr. William Beal buried 20 glass bottles filled with seeds and sand at a single site at Michigan State University. The goal of the experiment was to understand seed longevity in the soil, a topic of general importance in ecology, restoration, conservation, and agriculture, by periodically assaying germinability of these seeds over 100 years. The interval between germination assays has been extended and the experiment will now end after 221 years, in 2100.MethodsWe dug up the 16th bottle in April 2021 and attempted to germinate the 141‐year‐old seeds it contained. We grew germinants to maturity and identified these to species by vegetative and reproductive phenotypes. For the first time in the history of this experiment, genomic DNA was sequenced to confirm species identities.ResultsTwenty seeds germinated over the 244‐day assay. Eight germinated in the first 11 days. All 20 belonged to the Verbascum genus: Nineteen were V. blattaria according to phenotype and ITS2 genotype; and one had a hybrid V. blattaria × V. thapsus phenotype and ITS2 genotype. In total, 20/50 (40%) of the original Verbascum seeds in the bottle germinated in year 141.ConclusionsWhile most species in the Beal experiment lost all seed viability in the first 60 years, a high percentage of Verbascum seeds can still germinate after 141 years in the soil. Long‐term experiments such as this one are rare and invaluable for studying seed viability in natural soil conditions.
Live‐born autosomal ring chromosomes at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Cytogenomics Laboratory: Case series—Spanning 52 years of experience in a single center
Authors: Kushwaha Shivani , Stinnett Victoria , Zou Ying S. , Murry Jaclyn B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRing chromosomes (RCs) are a structural aberration that can be tolerated better in acrocentric or gonosomal chromosomes. Complete RCs arise from telomere‐telomere fusions. Alternatively, genomic imbalances corresponding to the ends of the chromosomal arms can be seen with RC formation. RCs are unstable in mitosis, result in mosaicism, and are associated with a “ring syndrome,” which presents with growth and development phenotypes and differs from those features more frequently observed with pure terminal copy number changes. Due to variability in mosaicism, size, and genomic content, clear genotype–phenotype correlations may not always be possible. Given the rarity of RCs, this historical data is invaluable. We performed a retrospective review of individuals bearing RCs to investigate the incidence in our laboratory. This work details the methods and features seen in association with twenty‐three autosomal RCs. In decreasing order, the most frequently seen autosomal RCs were 18, 22, 4, 13, 17, and 9. The additional cases detail clinical and cytogenomic events similar to those reported in RCs. As methodologies advance, insights may be gleaned from following up on these cases to improve genotype–phenotype correlations and understand the cryptic differences or other predisposing factors that lead to ring formation and development.
Metal‐Free Bicyclization for the Construction of N−O Fused Tetracyclic Isoquinolones
Authors: Lv Zhenwei , Li Yan , Cai Lingchao , Song Liangliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA hypervalent iodine‐mediated bicyclization of N‐alkoxybenzamides for the synthesis of polyheterocycles is reported. Through metal‐free strategy, various N−O fused tetracyclic isoquinolones are synthesized in moderate to good yields at room temperature. The tetracyclic isoquinolones show good fluorescent properties, with maximum emission wavelength ranging from 442 to 459 nm. Notably, preliminary antifungal activity investigations indicate that N−O fused tetracyclic isoquinolones show good activities towards crop and forest pathogenic fungi. One of them exhibits 75.9 % antifungal activity towards C. chrysosperma, which is much better than the positive control.
Peri‐Anthracenethioindigo: A Scaffold for Efficient All‐Red‐Light and Near‐Infrared Molecular Photoswitching**
Authors: Köttner Laura , Ciekalski Elias , Dube Henry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMolecular photoswitching with red light is greatly desired to evade photodamage and achieve specific photoresponses. In virtually all reported cases however, only one switching direction uses red light while for the reverse switching, UV or visible light is needed. All‐red‐light photoswitching brings with it the clear advantage of pushing photoswitching to the limit of the low‐energy spectrum, but no viable system is available currently. Here we report on peri‐anthracenethioindigo (PAT) as molecular scaffold for highly efficient all‐red‐light photoswitching with an outstanding performance and property profile. The PAT photoswitch provides near‐infrared (NIR) absorption up to 850 nm, large negative photochromism with more than 140 nm maxima shifts and changes color from green to blue upon irradiation with two shades of red light. Thermal stability of the metastable Z isomer is high with a corresponding half‐life of days at 20 °C. Application in red‐light responsive polymers undergoing pronounced and reversible green to blue color changes demonstrate spatially resolved photoswitching. The PAT photoswitch thus offers unique responsiveness to very low energy light together with predictable and large geometrical changes within a rigid molecular scaffold. We expect a plethora of applications for PAT in the near future, e.g. in materials, molecular machines or biological context.
Tailored Design of π‐Extended Multi‐Resonance Organoboron using Indolo[3,2‐b]Indole as a Multi‐Nitrogen Bridge
Authors: Fan Tianjiao , Zhu Senqiang , Cao Xudong , Liang Xiao , Du Mingxu , Zhang Yuewei , Liu Rui , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtending the π‐skeletons of multi‐resonance (MR) organoboron emitters can feasibly modulate their optoelectronic properties. Here, we first adopt the indolo[3,2‐b]indole (32bID) segment as a multi‐nitrogen bridge and develop a high‐efficiency π‐extended narrowband green emitter. This moiety establishes not only a high‐yield one‐shot multiple Bora–Friedel–Crafts reaction towards a π‐extended MR skeleton, but a compact N‐ethylene‐N motif for a red‐shifted narrowband emission. An emission peak at 524 nm, a small full width at half maximum of 25 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 96 % are concurrently obtained in dilute toluene. The extended molecular plane also results in a large horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio of 87 %. A maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.6 % and a maximum power efficiency of 135.2 lm/W are thereafter recorded for the corresponding device, also allowing a low efficiency roll‐off with EQEs of 34.5 % and 28.1 % at luminance of 1,000 cd/m2 and 10,000 cd/m2, respectively.
Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol
Authors: Phong Duong Hong , Rivera de la Cruz Jose Guillermo , Tran Ngoc‐Huan , Louis Jacques , Zanna Sandrine , Portehault David , Zitolo Andrea , Walls Michael , Peron Deizi Vanessa , Schreiber Moritz W. , Menguy Nicolas , Fontecave Marc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe need of carbon sources for the chemical industry, alternative to fossil sources, has pointed to CO2 as a possible feedstock. While CO2 electroreduction (CO2R) allows production of interesting organic compounds, it suffers from large carbon losses, mainly due to carbonate formation. This is why, quite recently, tandem CO2R, a two‐step process, with first CO2R to CO using a solid oxide electrolysis cell followed by CO electroreduction (COR), has been considered, since no carbon is lost as carbonate in either step. Here we report a novel copper‐based catalyst, silver‐doped copper nitride, with record selectivity for formation of propanol (Faradaic efficiency: 45 %), an industrially relevant compound, from CO electroreduction in gas‐fed flow cells. Selective propanol formation occurs at metallic copper atoms derived from copper nitride and is promoted by silver doping as shown experimentally and computationally. In addition, the selectivity for C2+ liquid products (Faradaic efficiency: 80 %) is among the highest reported so far. These findings open new perspectives regarding the design of catalysts for production of C3 compounds from CO2.
A Heterometallic Porphyrin Dimer as a Potential Quantum Gate: Magneto‐Structural Correlations and Spin Coherence Properties
Authors: Ranieri Davide , Privitera Alberto , Santanni Fabio , Urbanska Karolina , Strachan Grant J. , Twamley Brendan , Salvadori Enrico , Liao Yu‐Kai , Chiesa Mario , Senge Mathias O. , Totti Federico , Sorace Lorenzo , Sessoli Roberta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the development of two‐qubit quantum gates, precise control over the intramolecular spin‐spin interaction between molecular spin units plays a pivotal role. A weak but measurable exchange coupling is especially important for achieving selective spin addressability that allows controlled manipulation of the computational basis states |00⟩ |01⟩ |10⟩ |11⟩ by microwave pulses. Here, we report the synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of a heterometallic meso‐meso (m‐m) singly‐linked VIVO−CuII porphyrin dimer. X‐band continuous wave EPR measurements in frozen solutions suggest a ferromagnetic exchange coupling of ca. 8 ⋅ 10−3 cm−1. This estimation is supported by Density Functional Theory calculations, which also allow disentangling the ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic contributions to the exchange. Pulsed EPR experiments show that the dimer maintains relaxation times similar to the monometallic CuII porphyrins. The addressability of the two individual spins is made possible by the different g‐tensors of VIV and CuII‐ions, in contrast to homometallic dimers where tilting of the porphyrin planes plays a key role. Therefore, single‐spin addressability in the heterometallic dimer can be maintained even with small tilting angles, as expected when deposited on surface, unlocking the full potential of molecular quantum gates for practical applications.
Valkyrie Probes: A Novel Class of Enzyme‐Activatable Photosensitizers based on Sulfur‐ and Seleno‐Rosamines with Pyridinium Unit**
Authors: Lioret Vivian , Renault Kévin , Maury Olivier , Romieu Anthony 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rational design of activatable photosensitizers (aPSs) uncaged by specific disease biomarkers is currently booming due to their positive attributes to achieve targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this context, we present here the synthesis and detailed photophysical characterization of a novel class of hetero‐rosamine dyes bearing sulfur or selenium as bridging heavy atom and 4‐pyridyl meso‐substituent as optically tunable group. The main feature of such photoactive platforms is the spectacular change of their spectral properties depending on the caging/decaging status of their 4‐pyridyl moiety (cationic pyridinium vs. neutral pyridine). The preparation of two alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐responsive probes (named Valkyrie probes) was achieved through formal N‐quaternarization with 4‐phosphoryloxybenzyl, the traditional recognition moiety for this important diagnostic enzyme. Bio‐analytical validations including fluorescence/singlet oxygen phosphorescence enzyme assays and RP‐HPLC‐fluorescence/‐MS analyses have enabled us to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of this novel photosensitizer activation strategy. Since sulfur‐containing Valkyrie probe also retains high fluorogenicity in the orange‐red spectral range, this study highlights meso‐pyridyl‐substituted S‐pyronin scaffolds as valuable candidates for the rapid construction of molecular phototheranostic platforms suitable for combined fluorescence diagnosis and PDT.
Transition‐metal‐based Catalysts for Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia by Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: Advancing the Green Ammonia Economy
Authors: Akter Riva , Shah Syed Shaheen , Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Zahir Md. Hasan , Aziz Md. Abdul , Ahammad A. J. Saleh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmmonia (NH3), a cornerstone in the chemical industry, has historically been pivotal for producing various valuable products, notably fertilizers. Its significance is further underscored in the modern energy landscape, where NH3 is seen as a promising medium for hydrogen storage and transportation. However, the conventional Haber–Bosch process, which accounts for approximately 170 million ton of NH3 produced globally each year, is energy‐intensive and environmentally damaging. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) emerges as a sustainable alternative that operates in ambient conditions and uses renewable energy sources. Despite its potential, the NRR faces challenges, including the inherent stability of nitrogen and its competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction. Transition metals, especially ruthenium (Ru) and molybdenum (Mo), have demonstrated promise as catalysts, enhancing the efficiency of the NRR. Ru excels in catalytic activity, while Mo offers robustness. Strategies like heteroatom doping are being pursued to mitigate NRR challenges, especially the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. This review delves into the advancements of Ru and Mo‐based catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis, elucidating the NRR mechanisms, and championing the transition towards a greener ammonia economy. It also seeks to elucidate the core principles underpinning the NRR mechanism. This shift aims not only to address challenges inherent to traditional production methods but also to align with the overarching goals of global sustainability.