bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of Cathepsin K and Tartrate‐Resistant Acid Phosphatase in Synovium and Cranial Cruciate Ligament in Dogs with Cruciate Disease
Authors: Muir Peter , Schamberger Gwenn M. , Manley Paul A. , Hao Zhengling 
Published: August 2005

Objective— To localize cathepsin K and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in synovium and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) of dogs with cruciate disease.Animals— Dogs (n=15) with cruciate disease and ruptured CCL, and 12 dogs with intact CCL.Methods— Synovium and CCL were examined histologically and cells containing cathepsin K or TRAP were identified immunohistochemically and histochemically, respectively.Results— Increased cellular localization of cathepsin K and TRAP was detected in synovium and ruptured CCL in dogs with cruciate disease, when compared with tissues from dogs with intact CCL. Inflammation of synovium with TRAP+ macrophage‐like cells was seen in 73% of dogs with CCL disease, but was not seen in dogs with intact CCL. The presence of cathepsin K and TRAP protein in synovium and CCL tissues was significantly correlated in dogs with CCL rupture.Conclusion— Inflammation of the epiligament of ruptured CCL with cathepsin K+ and TRAP+ macrophage‐like cells forms part of a similar, more generalized chronic inflammatory change within the periarticular tissues of the stifle of a large proportion of dogs with CCL rupture.Clinical Relevance— Production of matrix‐degrading enzymes by the synovium may induce progressive pathologic rupture of the CCL. Therefore, these collagenolytic pathways may offer a novel target for medical therapy of joint inflammation in canine patients with cruciate disease.
Laser Vocal Cordectomy Fails to Effectively Reduce Respiratory Noise in Horses with Laryngeal Hemiplegia
Authors: Brown Jennifer A. , Derksen Frederik J. , Stick John A. , Hartmann William M. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: August 2005

Objective—To report the effect of unilateral laser vocal cordectomy on respiratory noise and airway function in horses with experimentally induced laryngeal hemiplegia (LH).Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Six Standardbred horses without upper airway abnormities at rest or during high‐speed treadmill exercise.Methods—Respiratory sounds and inspiratory trans‐upper airway pressure (PUi) were measured before (baseline) and 14 days after induction of LH by left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy, and again 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after endoscopically assisted laser cordectomy of the left vocal cord. Data were collected with the horses exercising on a treadmill at a speed producing maximum heart rate (HRmax).Results—In horses exercising at HRmax, induction of LH caused a significant increase in PUi, sound level (SL), and the sound intensity of formant 2 (F2) and 3 (F3). The sound intensity of formant 1 (F1) was unaffected by induction of LH. Laser vocal cordectomy had no effect on SL, or on the sound intensity of F1and F3. At 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after surgery, PUiand the sound intensity of F2were significantly reduced, but these variables remained significantly different from baseline values.Conclusions—Unilateral laser vocal cordectomy did not effectively improve upper airway noise in horses with LH. The procedure decreased upper airway obstruction to the same degree as bilateral ventriculocordectomy.Clinical Relevance—Currently, laser vocal cordectomy cannot be recommended for the treatment of upper airway noise in horses with LH.
Effects of Recombinant Equine Growth Hormone on In Vitro Biomechanical Properties of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon of Standardbred Yearlings in Training
Authors: Gerard Mathew P. , Hodgson David R. , Rose Reuben J. , Walsh William. R. 
Published: August 2005

Objective—To determine whether recombinant equine growth hormone (rEGH) would alter the in vitro biomechanical properties of the forelimb superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in exercising young Standardbred horses.Study Design—Randomized complete block design.Animals—Twelve Standardbred yearlings.Methods—Horses were trained for 12 weeks on a high‐speed treadmill (10% positive incline). rEGH was administered intramuscularly (IM) daily (10 μg/kg during week 4; 20 μg/kg for weeks 5–9) to 6 horses (treated group), whereas 6 horses (control group) were administered an equivalent daily volume of sterile water IM. At 12 weeks, horses were euthanatized and left forelimb SDFTs were collected and stored (−70°C). A section from the mid‐region of the SDFT was held in cryoclamps with a 4 cm interspace distance and distracted at 10 mm/s until failure. The variables evaluated were maximal load at yield and failure, ultimate and yield tensile stress and strain, tendon stiffness, and mode of failure. Data were analyzed using unpaired, two‐tailed, Student's t‐test. Statistical significance was set atP≤.05.Results—Yield and ultimate tensile stress were significantly lower in the rEGH‐treated horses compared with controls. There was a trend toward increased maximal displacement, increased ultimate tensile strain, and decreased tendon stiffness in rEGH‐treated horses compared with controls. Tensile stress and cross‐sectional area, and tensile stress and stiffness were significantly correlated at yield and failure points.Conclusions—rEGH, administered at the manufacturer's recommended dose rates to maturing Standardbred horses in training, does not significantly augment the in vitro biomechanical properties of the forelimb SDFT.Clinical Relevance—Administration of rEGH to young horses in training is unlikely to enhance the physiologic adaptation of the SDFT to exercise stress.
Laparoscopic Sterilization of Sardinia Donkeys Using an Endoscopic Stapler
Authors: Pepe Marco , Gialletti Rodolfo , Moriconi Franco , Puccetti Massimo , Nannarone Sara , Singer Ellen R. 
Published: August 2005

Objective—To describe a laparoscopic technique for sterilization of the male donkey using an endoscopic linear stapler (ELS).Study Design—Clinical report.Animals—Male Sardinia donkeys (n=6), aged 24–36 months.Methods—Laparoscopic sterilization was performed under standing sedation or recumbent under general anesthesia. An endoscopic linear stapler was used to transect, and control hemorrhage of, the spermatic cord. Serum testosterone concentrations were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months after sterilization. One testis from each of 2 donkeys was collected at 12 months for histologic examination.Results—Sterilization was successfully achieved. The only minor intraoperative complication experienced was hemorrhage from 1 spermatic cord stump, which was re‐stapled. No other major short‐ or long‐term complications occurred. Serum testosterone concentrations were <15 ng/dL at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in all donkeys. Testicular atrophy without evidence of revascularization was observed in the 2 testes examined histologically.Conclusions—Sterilization of descended testes by intraabdominal laparoscopic transection of the spermatic cord is a simple practical method, with minimal intraoperative or postoperative complications. Testicular revascularization did not occur.Clinical Relevance—Laparoscopic sterilization in donkey can be performed using an endoscopic linear stapler as an alternative to scrotal castration.
Pre‐ and Postoperative Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation
Authors: Towle Heather A. , Griffon Dominique J. , Thomas Michael W. , Siegel Arthur M. , Dunning Dianne , Johnson Ann 
Published: August 2005

Objective— To quantify, using radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) techniques, the effects of surgical procedures most commonly combined to treat dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL).Study Design— Prospective study.Methods— Six dogs with 8 MPL were studied. Radiographs and CT of the pelvic limbs were obtained before and immediately after soft‐tissue reconstruction, trochlear wedge recession, and tibial crest transposition. Radiographic measurements included angle of inclination, Norberg angle, quadriceps angle (QA), anteversion angle, ratio of the length of the patellar tendon (PT) to the length of the patella, and change in patella tendon angle. CT measurements included angle of inclination, Norberg angle, QA, anteversion angle, depth of the femoral trochlear groove, ratio of the middle femoral trochlear groove depth to the patella thickness, and tibial crest alignment.Results— Conformation of the coxofemoral joint was not affected by surgery. Surgical treatment corrected the QA by 33–58%. Trochlear wedge recession was most effective in deepening the proximal trochlea by 103.5%. The ratio of the middle femoral trochlear groove depth to the thickness of the patella postoperatively resulted in 50% coverage of the patella. Tibial crest transposition resulted in caudalization of the PT by 8.5±3.0°, with lateralization of the tibial tuberosity of 11.3°.Conclusion— The effects of surgery for MPL can be quantified with radiographic and CT measurements. Surgical correction restored the alignment of the quadriceps and adequately deepened the femoral trochlear groove. Tibial crest transposition resulted in caudalization of the patella tendon and lateralization of the tibial tuberosity.Clinical Relevance— These pilot data quantified the effects of surgical procedures most commonly combined to treat MPL. We hope to use these measurements to correlate surgical treatment with functional outcome and postoperative occurrence of luxation.
Comparison of Postoperative Pain After Ovariohysterectomy by Harmonic Scalpel‐Assisted Laparoscopy Compared with Median Celiotomy and Ligation in Dogs
Authors: Hancock Robert B. , Lanz Otto I. , Waldron Don R. , Duncan Robert B. , Broadstone Richard V. , Hendrix Paula K. 
Published: August 2005

Objective—To compare the effects of postoperative pain after ovariohysterectomy by harmonic scalpel‐assisted laparoscopy (HALO) and traditional ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in dogs.Study Design—A randomized, blinded, prospective study.Sample Population—Sixteen, purpose‐bred, intact female, Beagle dogs.Methods—Dogs were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (8 dogs), which had OVH by HALO, and Group 2 (8 dogs), which had traditional OVH. Physiologic data, abdominal nociceptive threshold scores, and University of Melbourne pain scores (UMPS) were recorded at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Blood samples for measurement of plasma cortisol, glucose, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations were collected at the time of the incision, and 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery.Results—No significant surgical complications occurred. The HALO mean surgical time was significantly longer (55.7 minutes) than traditional OVH (31.7 minutes). No significant differences were observed between groups for the pain measures of heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, CPK, and glucose concentrations. The OVH group had significantly higher mean plasma cortisol levels at hour 2 after surgery than the HALO group (P=.0001). The mean UMPS were significantly higher in OVH than the HALO group at all postoperative times (P=.0001). The mean nociceptive threshold measurements revealed significantly higher tolerated palpation pressures in HALO than OVH at all postoperative times, except hour 72 (P=.0002).Conclusions—Dogs appeared to be in less pain with HALO than OVH. The harmonic scalpel coagulated ovarian and uterine vessels completely with minimal collateral damage to surrounding tissues.Clinical Relevance—HALO is a safe alternative to OVH and offers a minimally invasive and less painful method of surgery.
In Vitro Evaluation of the 18 and 36 kg Securos Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System™
Authors: Banwell Max N. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Hosgood Giselle , Hedlund Cheryl S. , Metcalf John B. 
Published: August 2005

Objective— To evaluate the mechanical properties of the 18 and 36 kg Securos Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System™.Study Design— In vitro mechanical evaluation.Sample Population— Loop constructs of 18, 27, and 36 kilogram test (kgt) nylon leader line (NLL) secured with Securos® crimp–clamps (SCC, n=40 per NLL test weight) or by a clamped square knot (CSK; n=40/NLL test weight).Methods— The 36 kg SCC were used for the 27 and 36 kgt NLL, and 18 kg SCC were used for the 18 kgt NLL. Loop constructs were mounted on a material testing machine, and distracted at 500 mm/min for static tests, and for cyclic tests at 500 mm/min to a distraction limit of 6 mm (18 kgt) or 7.5 mm (27 and 36 kgt) for 49 cycles, until failure. Constructs were tested at 20°C except for 1 group of 27 kgt CSK loops tested at 40°C. Load at failure, elongation, and stiffness was recorded and compared between groups under static or cyclic testing conditions.Results— All 27 and 36 kgt loops failed by disruption of NLL contained within the knot or crimp–clamp, whereas 18 kgt SCC loops failed by the NLL pulling through the crimp‐clamp. The 18 kg SCC loops had considerable variability in ultimate load and elongation (coefficient of variation 29.6% and 18.3%, respectively). There was no significant difference in elongation between 27.3 kgt CSK loops tested at 20°C and 40°C. Generally, in both static and cyclic testing, SCC constructs formed with 27.3 or 36.4 kgt NLL performed as well or better than CSK constructs, resulting in loops that were strong, underwent minimal elongation, and had high stiffness.Conclusion— The results support use of the 36 kg Securos® system but not the 18 kg Securos® system (with the clamp and crimping device used). The significantly lower load required for failure, slippage through the clamp, and substantial variability suggested that the crimp tube diameter or the crimping device tested may be inappropriate for use with 18 kgt NLL.Clinical Relevance— Surgeons should be aware that crimp–clamp design is important in controlling suture slippage or breakage within the clamp, and that novel systems should undergo mechanical testing with the size suture material they are intended to secure before clinical use.
Bursting Tension of Medium and Large Canine Arteries Sealed with Ultrasonic Energy or Suture Ligation
Authors: Bubenik Loretta J. , Hosgood Giselle , Vasanjee Sunil C. 
Published: August 2005

Objective— To compare bursting tension of arteries ≥3 mm in diameter sealed with ultrasonic energy (UE) with arteries ligated with suture.Study Design— Experimental, nested factorial design.Sample Population— Vascular segments from canine cadavers.Methods— Arterial segments (12) were collected from each of 16 canine cadavers and equally divided into 2 groups based on vessel diameter (medium, 3.0–<4.5 mm; large, 4.5 –≤6.0 mm). Arterial specimens (3) from each group were sealed with either UE (Harmonic Scalpel®, HS, power level 3) or suture ligation. The mean bursting pressure and tension were determined and compared.Results— Bursting tension was significantly higher (P<.0001) for sutured arteries than UE‐occluded arteries, irrespective of size. Bursting tension was significantly higher (P=.0013) for medium than large UE‐occluded arteries, whereas there was no difference associated with size for ligated arteries. UE energy failed to seal 1 medium artery and 7 large arteries. Compared with normal blood pressure, bursting pressures were 3.5 times greater for sutured arteries irrespective of size, 1.8 times greater for medium UE‐occluded arteries, and approached normal blood pressure for large UE‐occluded arteries.Conclusion— At the power level tested, UE should not be used to seal arteries >4.5 mm in diameter. Suture provided an optimal seal for arteries ≤6.0 mm in diameter.Clinical Relevance— Use of UE to occlude arteries during laparoscopic surgery is advantageous because only 1 instrument is required to simultaneously cut and coagulate tissue, but care should be exercised where large arteries might be encountered.
Assessment of Stiffness and Strength of 4 Different Implants Available for Equine Fracture Treatment: A Study on a 20° Oblique Long‐Bone Fracture Model Using a Bone Substitute
Authors: Florin Marion , Arzdorf Michael , Linke Berend , Auer Joerg A. 
Published: August 2005

Objective— To compare the mechanical properties of 4 stabilization methods for equine long‐bone fractures: dynamic compression plate (DCP), limited contact‐DCPlate (LC‐DCP), locking compression plate (LCP), and the clamp‐rod internal fixator (CRIF—formerly VetFix).Study Design— In vitro mechanical study.Sample Population— Bone substitute material (24 tubes) was cut at 20° to the long axis of the tube to simulate an oblique mid‐shaft fracture.Methods— Tubes were divided into 4 groups (n=6) and double plated in an orthogonal configuration, with 1 screw of 1 implant being inserted in lag fashion through the “fracture”. Thus, the groups were: (1) 2 DCP implants (4.5, broad, 10 holes); (2) 2 LC‐DCP implants (5.5, broad, 10 holes); (3) 2 LCP implants (4.5/5.0, broad, 10 holes) and 4 head locking screws/plate; and (4) 2 CRIF (4.5/5.0) and 10 clamps in alternating position left and right of the rod. All constructs were tested in 4‐point bending with a quasi‐static load until failure. The implant with the interfragmentary screw was always positioned on the tension side of the construct. Force, displacement, and angular displacement at the “fracture” line were determined. Construct stiffness under low and high loads, yield strength, ultimate strength, and maximum angular displacement were determined.Results— None of the implants failed; the strength of the bone substitute was the limiting factor. At low loads, no differences in stiffness were found among groups, but LCP constructs were stiffer than other constructs under high loads (P=.004). Ultimate strength was lowest in the LCP group (P=.01), whereas yield strength was highest for LCP constructs (409 N m, P=.004). CRIF had the lowest yield strength (117 N m, P=.004); no differences in yield strength (250 N m) were found between DCP and LC‐DCP constructs. Differences were found for maximum angular displacement at the “fracture” line, between groups: LPC<DCP<LC‐DCP<CRIF (P≤.037).Conclusions— DCP, LC‐DCP, and LCP constructs provided sufficient biomechanical stability to withstand single‐cycle loads that might be experienced postoperatively. LCP constructs showed the best performance because of the highest yield strength, above which irreversible deformation occurred. Inadequate biomechanical properties, excessive motion, and shape of the device create concern about the use of CRIF in these large sizes.Clinical Relevance— CRIF does not meet the demands for equine long‐bone fracture treatment. With respect to biomechanical properties, DCP, LC‐DCP, and LCP constructs did not show critical differences so other factors may direct clinical selection of these implants. We prefer the LCP implants because of the high yield strength, high stiffness under high‐load application, and the least movement at the fracture line.
Role of respiratory system function in the age‐related decline of human functional capacity
Authors: Pine Matthew J , Murphy Aron J , Watsford Mark L 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  To examine the age‐related decline of physical and respiratory system function in older individuals. Methods:  Using a cross‐sectional research design, 36 healthy participants were assigned to group A (50–59 years) or group B (60–69 years). Males (n = 14) and females (n = 22) were examined separately. Physical capacity was determined using a combination of two walking tests. Measures of pulmonary function, respiratory muscle (RM) strength and inspiratory muscle endurance (IME) were used to assess respiratory system function.Results:  Significant age‐related declines in RM strength, IME and walking ability were apparent for females, but not males. An increase in age was associated with less efficient breathing mechanics during exercise. Conclusions:  The more substantial age‐related declines in RM and physical function for females may be related to greater age‐related reductions in physical activity participation. As individuals are living for increasingly longer periods, the continuance of such declines may significantly impair quality of life. Methods of overcoming respiratory system decline and the role of such methods in maintaining the physical capacity of ageing individuals require investigation.
Environmental approach to reducing agitation in older persons with dementia in a nursing home
Authors: Wilkes Lesley , Fleming Andrew , Wilkes Benjamin L , Cioffi Jane M , Le Miere Jenny 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  This paper reports the effects on challenging (agitated) behaviours, such as aggression, noisiness and wandering, when persons with dementia were relocated to a special unit. Methods:  The study was a simple interrupted time series quasi‐experimental design. The dependent variable was agitated behaviour and the independent variables were residing in an old unit and in a Special Care Unit (SCU). Twenty‐two persons with dementia from a nursing home were involved in this study. Subjects were assessed weekly for 1 month prior to the move to the SCU and weekly for 1 month at 3 and 6 months after the move. Data were entered into SPSS software and analysed. Results:  The most significant results from the study were that the verbally agitated behaviour of the subjects was reduced and sustained throughout the 6 months of the study after their move into a SCU. Conclusions:  This study has shown that environmental design does impact positively in the care of persons with dementia.
Language needs and service provision for older persons from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in south‐east Melbourne residential care facilities
Authors: Runci Susannah J , O'Connor Daniel W , Redman Jennifer R 
Published: August 2005

Objectives:  To provide up‐to‐date figures on the language needs of older persons from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds in local residential care facilities and to investigate the extent to which these needs are catered for by the provision of language‐relevant services. Methods:  A postal questionnaire was sent to 189 registered aged care facilities in the south‐east region of Melbourne, Victoria. The questionnaire focused on three main issues: the number of residents who preferred or needed to speak non‐English languages; the staff available to speak to residents in non‐English languages; and the language‐specific services provided at their facility. Results:  As many as 19% (1191/6409) of residents either preferred or needed to speak one of 40 different non‐English languages. While over half of the facilities had at least one staff member who conversed with residents in their preferred language, residents speaking nine non‐English languages were never spoken to in their original tongue. Almost one‐quarter of the facilities did not provide any language‐relevant services. Conclusion:  The findings emphasise the need for widespread use of language‐appropriate services and, due to the growing ageing migrant population, have important policy implications.