bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical method for the determination of the oxygen‐transfer capacity of small bioreactors based on sulfite oxidation
Authors: Hermann Robert , Walther Nico , Maier Ulrike , Büchs Jochen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe growth of microorganisms may be limited by operating conditions which provide an inadequate supply of oxygen. To determine the oxygen‐transfer capacities of small‐scale bioreactors such as shaking flasks, test tubes, and microtiter plates, a noninvasive easy‐to‐use optical method based on sulfite oxidation has been developed. The model system of sodium sulfite was first optimized in shaking‐flask experiments for this special application. The reaction conditions (pH, buffer, and catalyst concentration) were adjusted to obtain a constant oxygen transfer rate for the whole period of the sulfite oxidation reaction. The sharp decrease of the pH at the end of the oxidation, which is typical for this reaction, is visualized by adding a pH dye and used to measure the length of the reaction period. The oxygen‐transfer capacity can then be calculated by the oxygen consumed during the complete stoichiometric transformation of sodium sulfite and the visually determined reaction time. The suitability of this optical measuring method for the determination of oxygen‐transfer capacities in small‐scale bioreactors was confirmed with an independent physical method applying an oxygen electrode. The correlation factor for the maximum oxygen‐transfer capacity between the chemical model system and a culture of Pseudomonas putida CA‐3 was determined in shaking flasks. The newly developed optical measuring method was finally used for the determination of oxygen‐transfer capacities of different types of transparent small‐scale bioreactors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 355–363, 2001.
Assessment of effects of experimental imprecision on optimized biochemical systems
Authors: Voit Eberhard O. , Del Signore Mario 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMetabolic pathways may be optimized with S‐system models that prescribe profiles of control variables leading to optimal output while keeping metabolites and enzyme activities within predefined ranges. Monte Carlo simulations show how much the yield and the corresponding metabolite concentrations would be affected by inaccuracies in the experimental implementation of the prescribed profiles. For a recent model of citric acid production in Aspergillus niger, the yield is roughly normally distributed, whereas the distributions of metabolite concentrations differ greatly in shape and statistical characteristics. Even moderate inaccuracies may lead to constraint violations, which appear to be correlated with high logarithmic gains. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 443–448, 2001.
α‐Chymotrypsin catalysis in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids
Authors: Laszlo Joseph A. , Compton David L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe transesterification reaction of N‐acetyl‐L‐phenylalanine ethyl ester with 1‐propanol catalyzed by α‐chymotrypsin was examined in the ionic liquids 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([omim][PF6]), and in combination with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2). The activity of α‐chymotrypsin was studied to determine whether trends in solvent polarity, water activity, and enzyme support properties, observed with this enzyme in conventional organic solvents, hold for the novel environment provided by ionic liquids. α‐Chymotrypsin freeze‐dried with K2HPO4, KCl, or poly(ethylene glycol) demonstrated no activity in [bmim][PF6] or [omim][PF6] at very low water concentrations, but moderate transesterification rates were observed with the ionic liquids containing 0.25% water (v/v) and higher. However, the physical complexation of the enzyme with poly(ethylene glycol) or KCl did not substantially stimulate activity in the ionic liquids, unlike that observed in hexane or isooctane. Activities were considerably higher in [omim][PF6] than [bmim][PF6]. Added water was not necessary for enzyme activity when ionic liquids were combined with SC‐CO2. These results indicate that [bmim][PF6] and [omim][PF6] provide a relatively polar environment, which can be modified with nonpolar SC‐CO2 to optimize enzyme activity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 181–186, 2001.
Complete pterygoidectomy—A novel method for the topographical investigation of the deep masticator space and its contents
Authors: Aziz M. Ashraf , Cowie Robert J. , Skinner Cecile E. , Mosaddad Hossin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe complexity of the topographical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa (=masticator space) remains underappreciated because of limitations of the methods used to expose it; these methods are described and critiqued. The disposition of the lateral pterygoid (LPt) muscle in the masticator space obscures the anatomical relations of clinically significant neurovascular structures. Controversies regarding the nerve supply and actions of the two LPt heads are summarized. Since the LPt has been implicated in temporomandibular (joint) dysfunction (TMD), its precise relationships to the mandibular neurovascular structures is essential in understanding its role in TMD. We recently developed a method involving the en bloc removal of the LPt‐tensor veli palatini complex along with all vital neurovascular structures. Further investigations using our method—in conjunction with contemporary imaging techniques (CT, MRI)—should help describe the detailed topography of masticatory structures. This information should help in understanding, differential diagnosis, and treatment of TMD. Clin. Anat. 5:354–362, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
True aneurysm of the left ventricle: A case report and literature review
Authors: Flaherty Gerard T. , O'Neill Michael N. , Daly Kieran M. , Folan‐Curran Jean 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPathologic specimens acquired by anatomy departments may be of fundamental anatomical and clinical interest. In this report we describe a true aneurysm of the left ventricle and we review the relevant clinical records of the patient. A detailed review of the literature on ventricular aneurysms is presented with emphasis on particular aspects of cardiac anatomy. Clin. Anat. 5:363–368, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Qualitative systematic review: An example from primary prevention in adult mental health
Authors: Papworth Mark A. , Milne Derek L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a useful variant of the ‘systematic review’, a recent development in review ‘science’, using primary prevention in adult mental health as an illustration. Seventeen programme evaluations were identified as a result of rigorous search and inclusion criteria. The methodology of each study was then evaluated in terms of eight threats to validity, as outlined by Elliset al.(1996). Additionally, the merits of the programmes were evaluated according to the type of study and it's outcomes. Most projects reported significant findings (N = 13), but the sample included only seven randomized controlled trials. Whilst the research status of the field appears to have improved significantly over the last two decades, because of the methodological threats, the extent of any clear economic and clinical benefits resulting from the approach have yet to be established. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethanol‐induced hepatotoxicity and protective effect of betaine
Authors: Kanbak Güngör , İnal Mine , Bayçu Cengiz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe protective effects of betaine in ethanol hepatotoxicity were investigated in 24 female wistar albino rats. Animals were divided into three groups: control, ethanol and ethanol + betaine group. Animals were fed liquid diets and consumed approximately 60 diet per day. Rats were fed ethanol 8 kg− 1 day− 1. The ethanol + betaine group were fed ethanol plus betaine (0.5% w/v). All animal were fed for 2 months . Reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde and vitamin A were determined in the liver tissue. Alanine aminotransferase activities were also measured on intracardiac blood samples. GSH levels in the ethanol group were significantly lower than these in the control group (p < 0.001). GSH was elevated in the betaine group as compared to the ethanol group (p < 0.001). MDA in the ethanol group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). MDA was decreased in the betaine group as compared to the ethanol group (p < 0.05). Vitamin A in the ethanol group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.01), but, in the ethanol + betaine group it was high compared with the ethanol group (p < 0.01). ALT in the ethanol group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress may play a major role in the ethanol‐mediated hepatotoxicity. Betaine may protect liver against injury and it may prevent vitamin A depletion. Therefore, it may be a useful nutritional agent in the prevention of clinical problems dependent on ethanol‐induced vitamin A depletion and peroxidative injury in liver. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered stent and coronary artery aneurysms
Authors: Briguori Carlo , Sarais Cristiano , Sivieri Ginevra , Takagi Takuro , Di Mario Carlo , Colombo Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAngiographically detected coronary aneurysms (i.e., coronary segment greater then 1.5 times the normal artery) have an incidence of 0.3%–4.9% among patients undergoing coronary angiography and have been reported after an intervention procedure with a frequency of 2%–10%. The indication for treatment and the best modality still need to be defined. Some authors reported the successful treatment of coronary aneurysms with the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐covered stent implantation, supporting the role of this strategy. In our institution, from September 1997 to December 1999 eight PTFE‐covered stents were implanted to treat seven coronary aneurysms in seven patients. All aneurysms were successfully treated by the PTFE‐covered stent. In one case, there was the necessity of an additional PTFE stent to cover the aneurysm completely. In no case did the loss of stent occur. No in‐hospital MACE occurred. At 35 ± 8 (21–44) months, six patients were symptom‐free. Angiographic follow‐up was performed in all patients at 10 ± 6 months. Restenosis occurred in one patient (14%) who had repeat percutaneous coronary interventions. This preliminary experience suggests that PTFE‐covered stent may be useful in the treatment of coronary artery aneurysms. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:326–330. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery: A case series, review of the literature, and therapeutic options including stenting
Authors: Berry John F. , von Mering Greg O. , Schmalfuss Carsten , Hill James A. , Kerensky Richard A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSix cases in our institution of various presentations of left anterior descending (LAD) myocardial bridging were found on coronary angiography. Generally a benign condition, this finding can result in ischemia or infarction as seen in some of our cases. We found one case in which the bridge resulted in an anterior myocardial infarction in an elderly patient, one case with fixed stenoses at the entry and exit point of the bridge causing ischemia, another with vasospasm within the bridged segment, one case in which the patient was referred for intervention of a fixed stenosis which after intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG) was found to be an LAD bridge, another case in which the thallium myocardial perfusion scan revealed a reversible anterior defect, and finally one case with anginal chest pain despite a normal coronary flow reserve proximal and distal to the bridged segment. Our treatments varied from stenting in three patients to medical therapy in the remaining patients. We concluded that a thorough evaluation in this population should include functional testing for ischemia, intravascular ultrasound to assess wall thickness, and coronary flow reserve measurements in order to determine the significance of the these bridges. Stenting may have a role in select patients. However, additional studies are needed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:58–63. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catheter‐based electromechanical mapping to assess regional myocardial function: A comparative analysis with transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Kornowski Ran , Fuchs Shmuel , Shiran Avinoam , Summers Natama , Pietrusewicz Matthew , Ellahham Samer , Goldstein Steven A. , Leon Martin B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent studies using a nonfluoroscopic three‐dimensional left ventricular mapping system showed considerable changes in voltage potentials and mechanical activity detected in ischemic and infracted myocardial regions with mechanical dysfunction. This study examined the electromechanical characteristics in relation to regional wall motion assessed by echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease. A 12‐segment model of mapping (apical, mid, basal of septal, anterior, lateral, and inferior/posterior segments) was compared to echo wall motion score in 74 patients (836 segments). Unipolar voltage and local endocardial shortening signals were distinguished according to graded echo segmental rest scores (0 = normal, 1 = mild hypokinesis, 2 = moderate hypokinesis, 3 = severe hypokinesis, 4 = akinesis). Results show a significant difference in voltage potentials and shortening values in groups distinguished according to echocardiography motion score. The average voltage potentials and shortening values were highest in myocardial segments with normal or slightly reduced contractility and lowest in myocardial segments with moderate to severely impaired contractility scores (voltage: 12.3 ± 5.0, 12.1 ± 5.3, 10.7 ± 5.4, 8.7 ± 3.9, 7.1 ± 3.0 mV, P = 0.0001; local shortening: 9.7 ± 6.5, 8.4 ± 5.9, 8.0 ± 5.4, 5.6 ± 6.3, 5.1 ± 4.6%, P = 0.0001 in regions with segmental scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 by echo, respectively). Using receiver‐operating curve calculations, the area under the curve was 0.72 ± 0.06 (voltage) and 0.67 ± 0.05 (local shortening) without a significant difference between the two curves. The 90% thresholds for defining preserved vs. impaired contractility were 12.8 and 5.6 mV for voltage and 12.6% and 1.6% for local shortening. We conclude that electromechanical mapping correlates with regional changes in wall motion scores assessed by echo, showing a gradual proportional decrease in measured voltage and shortening signals in segments with impaired function. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:342–347. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis with coronary stents
Authors: Drescher Peter , Katzen Barry T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAtherosclerotic disease of the vertebral artery can pose a significant clinical problem. The treatment of that disease is not uniformly accepted. We report two cases of patients with vertebral basilar insufficiency due to stenosis of the vertebral artery origins and contralateral occlusions that were treated percutaneously with coronary stent placement. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:373–377. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intravascular ultrasound findings in patients with abnormal coronary flow reserve after stenting
Authors: Muramatsu Toshiya , Tsukahara Reiko , Ho Mami , Ito Yoshiaki , Ishimori Hiroshi , Saiki Naozumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA coronary flow reserve (CFR) of 2.0 has been advocated as the endpoint for coronary intervention therapy. Experience shows, however, that CFR does indeed exceed 2.0 in many cases poststenting, while remaining below 2.0 in others. In this study, we assessed the clinical characteristics and IVUS findings of patients whose CFR remained below 2.0 after stent implantation, specifically 16 patients with CFR below 2.0 (22 lesions, 64 ± 9 years, 4 female), and 102 patients with CFR above 2.0 (112 lesions, mean age 66 ± 11 years, 22 female). Patient population comprised patients selected for retrospective study, but participants were selected on the basis of matching patient and lesion characteristics. The IVUS findings showed that incidence of calcified lesions and post‐PTCA dissection of hard plaque were higher among patients with CFR < 2.0. Further, IVUS‐obtained vascular measurements showed post‐PTCA area stenosis to be 58.7 ± 15.2% in the CFR < 2.0 group, and 45.3 ± 12.5% among CFR ≥ 2.0 patients (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that patients with diffuse calcified lesions or high post‐PTCA % area stenosis, as determined by IVUS, are more likely to have lower CFR after stenting. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:420–424. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platypnea‐orthodeoxia: Management by transcatheter buttoned device implantation
Authors: Rao P. Syamasundar , Palacios Igor F. , Bach Richard G. , Bitar Saad R. , Sideris Eleftherios B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDyspnea and arterial desaturation on upright position in elderly subjects is described as platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) and in some patients it is due to right‐to‐left shunt across the atrial septal defect (ASD)/patent foramen ovale (PFO). Surgical closure of ASD/PFO has been the only available treatment option. Buttoned device has been used for occlusion of ostium secundum ASD, PFO associated with presumed paradoxical embolism and cerebrovascular accidents and ASD/PFO in association with other congenital heart defects causing right‐to‐left shunt. The objective of this article is to describe the use of buttoned device in effectively occluding ASD/PFO to relieve hypoxemia of POS. During a 4‐year period ending January 2000, 10 patients, ages 71 ± 9 (range 60–83) years with POS underwent buttoned device closure of their ASD/PFO. Echocardiographic and balloon‐stretched atrial defect sizes were 8 ± 3 mm and 12 ± 3 mm, respectively. The ASD/PFO were occluded with devices ranging in size from 25 to 40 mm delivered via 9 French, long, blue Cook sheaths; eight had an additional 25‐ or 35‐mm occluder placed on the right atrial side. The oxygen saturation increased (P < 0.001) from 76 ± 7% (range 69–86%) to 95 ± 2% (range 92–98%). No complications were encountered. Relief of symptoms was seen in all patients. Follow‐up of 1–36 months (median 12 months) revealed persistent improvement of symptoms. Buttoned device occlusion of ASD/PFO to relieve hypoxemia of POS is feasible, safe, and effective and is an excellent alternative to surgery. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:77–82. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intravascular ultrasound analysis of beta radiation therapy for diffuse in‐stent restenosis to inhibit intimal hyperplasia
Authors: Hong Myeong‐Ki , Park Seong‐Wook , Moon Dae‐Hyuk , Oh Seung‐Jun , Lee Cheol Whan , Rhee Kyoung‐Suk , Sun Fucheng , Song Jong‐Min , Kang Duk‐Hyun , Song Jae‐Kwan , Kim Jae‐Joong , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of β‐radiation therapy (188Re‐MAG3) to inhibit intimal hyperplasia (IH) in diffuse in‐stent restenosis by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis in 50 patients. Nine patients who did not agree with radiation therapy, and therefore underwent rotational atherectomy and balloon angioplasty for diffuse in‐stent restenosis in the same study period, were selected for control groups. Serial IVUS comparisons were available in 44 of 50 patients with radiation therapy and 7 of 9 control patients. At 6‐month follow‐up, there was less significant increase of IH area in patients with radiation therapy than in control patients (Δ IH area = 0.1 ± 0.8 mm2 vs. 2.6 ± 1.8 mm2, P > 0.001 in mean values, and 0.6 ± 1.4 mm2 vs. 2.9 ± 2.1 mm2, P = 0.026 in values of follow‐up lesion site, respectively). In conclusion, β‐radiation therapy might be an effective treatment modality to inhibit intimal hyperplasia in patients with diffuse in‐stent restenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:169–173. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stent implantation for aortic coarctation complicating the Norwood operation in a 48‐day‐old baby
Authors: Tomita Hideshi , Kimura Kohji , Kurosaki Kenichi , Okada Yoko , Watanabe Ken , Yasuda Kenji , Hasegawa Satoshi , Hayashi George , Ono Yasuo , Yagihara Toshikatsu , Echigo Shigeyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA female infant developed severe aortic coarctation 42 days after a Norwood operation. Balloon dilatation was ineffective due to rapid recoil of the narrowing, but stent implantation completely abolished coarctation. Although the patient died because of low systemic output with high pulmonary flow 62 days after stent implantation, an autopsy showed that the implanted stent was widely patent without any restenosis. Transcatheter stent implantation should be considered for coarctation in selected situations even in early infancy. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:239–241. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endovascular stent implantation in a coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula in a patient with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and severe cyanosis
Authors: Pettersen Michael D. , Ammash Naser M. , Hagler Donald J. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Cabalka Allison K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 31‐year‐old male with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect presented with exercise intolerance and severe cyanosis. A restrictive coronary‐pulmonary artery fistula was identified as the main source of pulmonary blood flow. We report transcatheter stent implantation in the fistula to augment pulmonary flow as a palliative management option in the adult patient with complex congenital heart disease. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:358–362. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced mass spectrometric methods for the rapid and quantitative characterization of proteomes
Authors: Smith Richard D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProgress is reviewed towards the development of a global strategy
that aims to extend the sensitivity, dynamic range, comprehensiveness and
throughput of proteomic measurements based upon the use of high performance
separations and mass spectrometry. The approach uses high accuracy mass measurements
from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR) to
validate peptide ‘accurate mass tags’ (AMTs) produced by global
protein enzymatic digestions for a specific organism, tissue or cell type
from ‘potential mass tags’ tentatively identified using conventional tandem
mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This provides the basis for subsequent measurements
without the need for MS/MS. High resolution capillary liquid chromatography
separations combined with high sensitivity, and high resolution accurate FTICR
measurements are shown to be capable of characterizing peptide mixtures of
more than 105 components. The strategy has been initially demonstrated using
the microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Deinococcus radiodurans.
Advantages of the approach include the high confidence of protein identification,
its broad proteome coverage, high sensitivity, and the capability for stable‐isotope
labeling methods for precise relative protein abundance measurements. Abbreviations: LC, liquid chromatography; FTICR, Fourier transform
ion cyclotron resonance; AMT, accurate mass tag; PMT, potential mass tag;
MMA, mass measurement accuracy; MS, mass spectrometry; MS/MS, tandem mass
spectrometry; ppm, parts per million. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.