bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous estimation of andrographolide, apigenin, apocynin, and gallic acid by high‐performance thin layer chromatography method with Greenness quality by design approach
Authors: Mevada Shweta , Shukla Saurabh , Patel Harsha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeople's health benefits from andrographolide (ANDRO), apigenin (API), gallic acid (GA), and apocynin (APO) because they aid in the treatment of liver illness. The study mainly illustrated that a green approach is essential in the medical sector as well as the herbal sector with the help of “Green Analytical quality by design”. The mobile phase combination Dichloromethane: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (10:8:0.4)v/v/v was optimized with the aid of an analytical quality‐by‐design approach. The absorbance mode at 254 nm was chosen for densitometric analysis as it gives a compact spot of ANDRO, API, GA, and APO at RF values of 0.24, 0.55, 0.17, and 0.68. Linearity was obtained in the range of 200–800 ng for all four markers. After retardation factor, ANDRO, APO, API, and GA from the tablet were found 0.0433, 0.0020, 0.1356, and 0.0015 mg, respectively. The validation parameter of R2 value ranged from 0.998, 0.999, 0.996, and 0.998 for all four ANDRO, API, GA, and APO. The study's findings revealed that the “high‐performance thin layer chromatography” technology is an environmentally friendly analytical design that helps to maintain the stability of the medication. It was also acknowledged as a quality design and a fresh idea in the pharmaceutical industry.
Unterkonstruktionen für vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassaden aus feuerverzinktem Stahl – Teil 1
Authors: Hachul Helmut , Ridder‐Weßels Daniela , Tekinbas Yesim , Weimar Thorsten , Reißaus Henrik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractÜber die Stückverzinkung lassen sich dünnwandige Stahlbauteile (0,8–2,5 mm) für Unterkonstruktionen gemäß DIN 18516‐1 herstellen. Wandhalter und Tragprofile bleiben verzugsfrei, die Dicke der Zinkschicht liegt über den Anforderungen der DIN EN ISO 1461. Durchzüge an den Lochrändern der Wandhalter sowie seitliche Kantungen erhöhen das Tragvermögen, ebenso steigende Blechdicken. Tragprofile werden durch seitliche Kantungen ebenfalls ertüchtigt, besonders tragfähig sind U‐ und Hut‐Tragprofile. Experimentelle Versuche in der Klimakammer zeigen das Potenzial der gelochten Wandhalter, die günstigste Ausführung weist der Halter mit drei Langlöchern auf. Es wurde mittels thermischer und mechanischer Untersuchungen nachgewiesen, dass verzinkte Bauteile eine statische, thermische und wirtschaftliche Alternative zu handelsüblichen Unterkonstruktionssystemen darstellen.
Advances and Challenges in Development of Transition Metal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Ivanytsya Mykyta O. , Subotin Vladyslav V. , Gavrilenko Konstantin S. , Ryabukhin Serhiy V. , Volochnyuk Dmytro M. , Kolotilov Sergey V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractActual problems of development of catalysts for hydrogenation of heterocyclic compounds by hydrogen are summarized and discussed. The scope of review covers composites of nanoparticles of platinum group metals and 3d metals for heterogeneous catalytic processes. Such problems include increase of catalyst activity, which is important for reduction of precious metals content; development of new catalytic systems which do not contain metals of platinum group or contain cheaper analogues of Pd; control of factors which make influence on the selectivity of the catalysts; achievement of high reproducibility of the catalyst‘s performance and quality control of the catalysts. Own results of the authors are also summarized and described. The catalysts were prepared by decomposition of Pd0 and Ni0 complexes, pyrolysis of Ni2+ and Co2+ complexes deposited on aerosil and reduction of Ni2+ in pores of porous support in situ. The developed catalysts were used for hydrogenation of multigram batches of heterocyclic compounds.
Microplastics cause hepatotoxicity in diabetic mice by disrupting glucolipid metabolism via PP2A/AMPK/HNF4A and promoting fibrosis via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Li Xinxin , Feng Lixiang , Kuang Qihui , Wang Xiong , Yang Jun , Niu Xuan , Gao Likun , Huang Lizhi , Luo Pengcheng , Li Lili 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, microplastics (MPs) have gained significant attention as a persistent environmental pollutant resulting from the decomposition of plastics, leading to their accumulation in the human body. The liver, particularly of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is known to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of environmental pollutants. Therefore, to investigate the potential impact of MPs on the liver of diabetic mice and elucidate the underlying toxicological mechanisms, we exposed db/db mice to 0.5 μm MPs for 3 months. Our results revealed that MPs exposure resulted in several harmful effects, including decreased body weight, disruption of liver structure and function, elevated blood glucose levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and increased glycogen accumulation in the hepatic tissue of the mice. Furthermore, MPs exposure was found to promote hepatic gluconeogenesis by perturbing the PP2A/AMPK/HNF4A signaling pathway. In addition, MPs disrupt redox balance, leading to oxidative damage in the liver. This exposure also disrupted hepatic lipid metabolism, stimulating lipid synthesis while inhibiting catabolism, ultimately resulting in the development of fatty liver. Moreover, MPs were found to induce liver fibrosis by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, MPs influenced adaptive thermogenesis in brown fat by modulating the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative respiration thermogenesis in brown fat. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that MPs induce oxidative damage in the liver, disturb glucose and lipid metabolism, promote hepatic fibrosis, and influence adaptive thermogenesis in brown fat in diabetic mice. These findings underscore the potential adverse effects of MPs on liver health in individuals with T2DM and highlight the importance of further research in this area.
Improvement of Task-Oriented Visual Interpretation of VGI Point Data
Authors: Knura Martin , Schiewe Jochen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVGI is often generated as point data representing points of interest (POIs) and semantic qualities (such as accident locations) or quantities (such as noise levels), which can lead to geometric and thematic clutter in visual presentations of regions with numerous VGI contributions. As a solution, cartography provides several point generalization operations that reduce the total number of points and therefore increase the readability of a map. However, these operations are applied rather general and could remove specific spatial pattern, possibly leading to false interpretations in tasks where these spatial patterns are of interest. In this chapter, we want to tackle this problem by defining task-oriented sets of map generalization constraints that help to maintain spatial pattern characteristics during the generalization process. Therefore, we conduct a study to analyze the user behavior while solving interpretation tasks and use the findings as constraints in the following point generalization process, which is implemented through agent-based modeling.
Environmental Tracking for Healthy Mobility
Authors: Becker Anna Maria , Helbig Carolin , Mohamdeen Abdelrhman , Masson Torsten , Schlink Uwe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnvironmental stressors in city traffic are a relevant health threat to urban cyclists and pedestrians. These stressors are multifaceted and include noise pollution, heat, and air pollution such as particulate matter. In the present chapter, we describe the use of wearable sensors carried by volunteers to capture their exposure to environmental stressors on their everyday routes. These wearable sensors are becoming increasingly important to capture the spatial and temporal distribution of environmental factors in the city. They also offer the unique opportunity to provide individualized feedback to the person wearing the sensor as well as possibilities to visualize different stressors in their temporal and spatial distribution in a virtual reality environment. We used the option of providing individualized feedback on personal exposure levels in two randomized controlled field studies. In these experiments, we studied the psychological health-related outcomes of carrying a wearable sensor and receiving feedback on one’s individual exposure levels.
Haze prediction method based on stacking learning
Authors: Liu Zuhan , Liu Xuehu , Zhao Kexin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, with the rapid economic development of our country, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, especially air pollution has more and more affected People’s daily life. Air pollution is mobile and can cause long-term effects over large areas, which are detrimental to the natural environment and human body. Haze is a form of air pollution, which comprises PM2.5 components that adversely impair human health. Multiple approaches for predicting PM2.5 in the past have had limited accuracy, meanwhile required vast quantities of data and computational resources. In order to tackle the difficulties of poor fitting effect, large data demand, and slow convergence speed of prior prediction techniques, a PM2.5 prediction model based on the stacking integration method is proposed. This model employs eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Random Forest (RF) as the base model, while ridge regression is used as the meta-learner to stack. PM2.5 concentration is influenced by a variety of pollutant factors and meteorological factors, and the correlation between PM2.5 concentration and other factors was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient method. Several significant factors that determine the haze concentration are selected out, and the stacking model is built on this data for training and prediction. The experimental results indicate that the fusion model constructed in this thesis can provide accurate PM2.5 concentration estimates with fewer data features. The RMSE of the proposed model is 19.2 and the R2 reached 0.94, an improvement of 3–25% over the single model. This hybrid model performs better in terms of accuracy.
Impact of ventriculo-cisternal irrigation on prevention of delayed cerebral infarction in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Umekawa Motoyuki , Yoshikawa Gakushi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ventriculo-cisternal irrigation (VCI) in preventing vasospasms and delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) by washing out subarachnoid clots earlier after aneurysm surgery.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 340 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with postoperative VCI at our institution between December 2010 and January 2020. As VCI therapy, a ventricular drain/cisternal drain was placed during aneurysm surgery, and lactated Ringer’s solution was used for irrigation until day 4 of SAH, followed by intracranial pressure control at 5–10 cmH2O until day 14.

Results
The median age was 65 years (interquartile range 52–75), with 236 female patients (69%). The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade distribution was as follows: grade I or II, 175 patients (51%); grade III or IV, 84 (25%); and grade V, 81 (24%). With VCI management in all patients, total vasospasm occurred in 162 patients (48%), although the DCI incidence was low (23 patients [6.8%]). Major drainage-related complications were observed in five patients (1.5%). Early surgery, performed on SAH day 0 or 1, was identified as a preventive factor against DCI occurrence (odds ratio (OR) 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.67; P = 0.008), while additional surgery (4.76, 1.62–13.98; P = 0.005) and dyslipidemia (3.27, 1.24–8.63; P = 0.017) were associated with DCI occurrence.

Conclusion
Managing vasospasms with VCI after SAH is considered a safe and effective method to prevent DCI. Early surgery after SAH may be associated with a decreased risk of DCI with VCI therapy.
Parliamentary diplomacy between the EU and the Republic of Korea
Authors: Guahk Youngah , Hernandez Pepe Isabel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract This paper studies the practice of parliamentary diplomacy in the context of EU–Korea relations arguing that this is an essential element in the bilateral relationship. Having defined the concept of parliamentary diplomacy, the development of interaction between the European Parliament (EP) and the National Assembly of Republic of Korea, Korean National Assembly (KNA) is being analysed. Their bilateral relations began in 1994 and further deepened in 2004 when the EP set up the Delegation for Relations with the Korean Peninsula. Subsequently, the EP Delegation and the KNA-EU Interparliamentary Council regularly met to discuss various issues, from trade agreements to security issues on the Korean Peninsula and defence matters more generally. This examination of parliamentary diplomacy also demonstrates the way in which bilateral relations have been influenced by electoral cycles on both sides and more generally by changes in the respective domestic political situations.
FastPtx: a versatile toolbox for rapid, joint design of pTx RF and gradient pulses using Pytorch’s autodifferentiation
Authors: Bosch Dario , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
With modern optimization methods, free optimization of parallel transmit pulses together with their gradient waveforms can be performed on-line within a short time. A toolbox which uses PyTorch’s autodifferentiation for simultaneous optimization of RF and gradient waveforms is presented and its performance is evaluated.

Methods
MR measurements were performed on a 9.4T MRI scanner using a 3D saturated single-shot turboFlash sequence for $$B_1^+$$

B
1
+

mapping. RF pulse simulation and optimization were done using a Python toolbox and a dedicated server. An RF- and Gradient pulse design toolbox was developed, including a cost function to balance different metrics and respect hardware and regulatory limits. Pulse performance was evaluated in GRE and MPRAGE imaging. Pulses for non-selective and for slab-selective excitation were designed.

Results
Universal pulses for non-selective excitation reduced the flip angle error to an NRMSE of (12.3±1.7)% relative to the targeted flip angle in simulations, compared to (42.0±1.4)% in CP mode. The tailored pulses performed best, resulting in a narrow flip angle distribution with NRMSE of (8.2±1.0)%. The tailored pulses could be created in only 66 s, making it feasible to design them during an experiment. A 90° pulse was designed as preparation pulse for a satTFL sequence and achieved a NRMSE of 7.1%. We showed that both MPRAGE and GRE imaging benefited from the pTx pulses created with our toolbox.

Conclusion
The pTx pulse design toolbox can freely optimize gradient and pTx RF waveforms in a short time. This allows for tailoring high-quality pulses in just over a minute.
Cropping and Fruit Quality of Plum (Prunus domestica) Varieties on Different Rootstocks in a Young Orchard
Authors: Kajtár-Czinege Anikó , Osztényiné Krauczi Éva , Hrotkó Károly 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn Hungary, plum cultivation in earlier years was mainly for processing purposes, and a suitable cultivation system and rootstock use had been developed. For this reason, the rootstock usage is rather uniform, with 95–97% of nurseries applying Myrobalan seedlings. Growing plums for the fresh market is much more profitable but it requires hand-picked trees. For small trees that can be picked standing on the ground and for high yields, we need to find rootstocks suited to the Hungarian climate. In our experiment, two types of evaluation were performed: evaluation block A with three varieties on two rootstocks and evaluation block B with two varieties on three rootstocks. The varieties were ‘Topfive’, ‘Toptaste’, ‘Čačanska lepotica’ and ‘Jojo’. The rootstocks were the traditional Myrobalan and the rootstocks worthy of testing in Hungary: St Julien GF655/2, St Julien A, and Fereley. The experiments were carried out in Kecskemét, Hungary, in a dry lowland climate. Evaluations were performed by one- and two-factor analyses of variance, and means were separated by the Duncan test. As a result, we found that in the evaluation block A trees of ‘Toptaste’ showed lower vigour and cumulative yield but higher yield efficiency. The trees on St Julien A proved to be more productive in cropping years and showed higher yield efficiency compared to Myrobalan. In evaluation block B, there was no difference in growth vigour between either varieties or rootstocks. Trees of ‘Toptaste’ showed higher cumulative yield compared to ‘Topfive’. However, the cumulative yield of trees did not show significant differences; the yield efficiency of ‘Topfive’ was highest on Fereley rootstock. Regarding fruit quality parameters, our study showed differences in fruit maturity and varietal characteristics. Considering the intensive orchard system with spindle trees, St. Julian A proved to be a more productive and precocious rootstock compared to Myrobalan seedling, while for ‘Toptaste’ variety the rootstock Fereley showed certain advantages. ‘Topfive’ proved to be unsuitable for our site conditions.
How Does Sustainable Management Practices Affect Weed Flora and Tuber Yield of Potato Crop in Mediterranean Environment?
Authors: Radicetti Emanuele , Amanullah Khan , Petroselli Verdiana , Atait Mariam , Allam Mohamed , Mihoub Adil , Jamal Aftab , Taab Alireza , Haider Ghulam , Mirzaei Morad , Mancinelli Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntensive potato cultivation affects weed species composition by selecting dominant and competitive weeds that represent a constraint of potato productivity. Field experiments were conducted during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons to examine the effects of soil tillage (plowing (PL), spading (SM), sub soiling (SS)) and fertilizer source (mineral (Min) and organic (Org)) on potato yield and weed community under Mediterranean environment. A randomized complete block design with three replications was adopted. Weed density and biomass were measured at the potato harvesting time. Weed density was highest in SS, intermediate in SM, and lowest in PL (43.8, 40.3, and 28.8 plants m−2). Similar trend was observed in weed biomass. Weed density and biomass were higher in Org than Min (42.1 vs. 36.4 plants m−2 and 129.6 vs. 117.9 g m−2, respectively). Perennial, monocot, and dicot weed species were the most abundant in subsoiling (13.1, 9.3 and 34.5 plants m−2). Density of perennial and dicot species were higher in Org than Min. Monocots were mostly linked with Min, while dicots were mainly associated with Org. Although tuber yield was higher in PL and Min (481.9 and 627.5 g m−2 of DM), it was affected by growing season and might be associated to SM and Org. Although the study shows that increased weed biodiversity in the system, achieved with more sustainable practices, proves to be an obstacle to potato production, the adoption of spading machine applied in combination with mineral and organic fertilizers could be a valid alternative to plowing. Further studies are required to develop sustainable agricultural techniques able to improve the competitive capacity of crops and reduce the selection of dominant weed species.
Embedding cultural competency and cultural humility in undergraduate pharmacist initial education and training: a qualitative exploration of pharmacy student perspectives
Authors: Robinson-Barella Anna , Takyi Christopher , Chan Hayley K. Y. , Lau Wing Man 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Emphasis has been placed upon embedding equity, diversity and inclusion within the initial education and training of healthcare professionals, like pharmacists. Yet, there remains limited understanding of how best to integrate cultural competency and cultural humility into undergraduate pharmacy student training.

Aim
This qualitative study explored the views of pharmacy students to understand perspectives on, and identify recommendations for, embedding cultural competency and cultural humility within pharmacy education and training.

Method
Undergraduate pharmacy students from one UK-based School of Pharmacy were invited to participate in an in-person, semi-structured interview to discuss cultural competency in the pharmacy curriculum. Interviews were conducted between November 2022 and February 2023 and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis enabled the development of themes. QSR NVivo (Version 12) facilitated data management. Ethical approval was obtained from the Newcastle University Ethics Committee.

Results
Twelve undergraduate pharmacist students, across all years of undergraduate training, were interviewed. Three themes were developed from the data, centring on: (1) recognising and reflecting on cultural competency and cultural humility; (2) gaining exposure and growing in confidence; and (3) thinking forward as a culturally competent pharmacist of the future.

Conclusion
These findings offer actionable recommendations to align with the updated Initial Education and Training standards from the United Kingdom (UK) pharmacy regulator, the General Pharmaceutical Council; specifically, how and when cultural competency teaching should be embedded within the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. Future research should further explore teaching content, learning environments, and methods of assessing cultural competency.
Genetic variation of European mouflon depends on admixture of introduced individuals
Authors: Buzan Elena , Pokorny Boštjan , Urzi Felicita , Duniš Luka , Bončina Aja , Iacolina Laura , Šprem Nikica , Stipoljev Sunčica , Mereu Paolo , Leoni Giovanni , Pirastru Monica , Safner Toni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the early twentieth century, European mouflon was introduced in Croatia, while all introductions in Slovenia occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. Although majority of the introductions were historically documented, occasional cases involving individuals of unknown origin have likely contributed to a mixed genetic pool in established colonies. To understand the impact of past management and the potential founder effects on contemporary mouflon populations, we performed the first genetic study of the species in these two countries. Utilising next-generation sequencing of both mitochondrial control region (mtDNA CR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC DRB exon 2), our study scrutinises the genetic diversity and structure of these populations. Additionally, the origins and genetic variability of mouflon in Croatia and Slovenia were compared with reference samples from Czech Republic, Sardinia (Italy), and Corsica (France). The mtDNA haplotype network showed that the majority of mouflon from Slovenia are closely related to mouflon from Sardinia, and only few shared the same haplotypes with mouflon from Croatia. Some mouflon from mainland Croatia share identical or closely related haplotypes with individuals from the initially established population in this country (on the Brijuni Archipelago), while others belong to a distinctly different cluster. We found five MHC alleles previously reported for mouflon in Europe, and genetic diversity was similar in both studied countries. We observed an excess of the Ovar-DRB1*07012/*07012 genotype, and only a few individuals exhibited the advantageous genotypes for parasite infection (Ovar-DRB1*0114 allele and Ovar-DRB1*0324/*0114 genotype). Genetic data showed that the population origins are generally in agreement with the written historical records, although we found signals of release of extra individuals into certain colonies.