bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crianças com hipomineralização molar-incisivo possuem maior índice de placa visível?
Authors: Beatriz Fernandes Fernanda , Kendelhy Santos Karina , Letícia Ramos-Jorge Maria , Gomes Fonseca Patrícia , Beatriz Rodrigues Angélica , Barbosa Fernandes Izabella 
Published: February 2024

Introdução/Justificativa: A hipomineralização molar incisivo (HMI) é um defeito qualitativo no desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário, que o torna mais poroso, mais susceptível a fraturas pós-eruptivas, acúmulo de biofilme, e ao desenvolvimento de cárie dentária.1-2 Essa alteração afeta de um a quatro primeiros molares permanentes e, regularmente, há envolvimento dos incisivos permanentes.3 Objetivo: Avaliar se a presença de hipomineralização molar-incisivo (HMI) está associada ao acúmulo de placa visível em crianças escolares. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 347 crianças de 6 a 10 anos de idade em Diamantina, Minhas Gerais, Brasil. A amostra foi selecionada aleatoriamente de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade. A coleta de dados incluiu a avaliação da presença de HMI de acordo com os critérios da European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) e do índice de placa visível. Os dados sociodemográficos e relativos aos hábitos da criança foram obtidos por meio de questionários enviados aos cuidadores. A variável dependente (índice de placa visível) foi classificada como alta (≥ 20%) ou baixa (< 20%). Análises descritivas, qui-quadrado e Regressão de Poisson foram realizados utilizando como unidade de análise a criança. Resultados: A prevalência de HMI foi de 20,5% e 45,2% das crianças apresentavam o índice de placa visível alto. O índice de placa visível foi associado com a presença de HMI na criança (RP=1,48; IC 95%= 1,16-1,88; p=0,001), com a renda mensal familiar < 1 salário mínimo (RP=1,51; IC 95%= 1,01-2,26; p=0,045) e com a frequência de escovação dentária < 2 vezes ao dia (RP=1,60; IC 95%= 1,26-2,04; p<0,001). Conclusão: A presença de HMI está associada com o acúmulo de placa visível em crianças escolares.
Hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promote angiogenesis and enhance endometrial injury repair through the miR-424-5p-mediated DLL4/Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Xiong Zhenghua , Hu Yong , Jiang Min , Liu Beibei , Jin Wenjiao , Chen Huiqin , Yang Linjuan , Han Xuesong 
Published: February 2024

Background
Currently, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to promote endometrial regeneration in rat models of mechanically injury-induced uterine adhesions (IUAs), but the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hypoxic BMSC-derived exosomes on IUAs have not been elucidated.

Objective
To investigate the potential mechanism by which the BMSCS-derived exosomal miR-424-5p regulates IUA angiogenesis through the DLL4/Notch signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions and promotes endometrial injury repair.

Methods
The morphology of the exosomes was observed via transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of exosome markers (CD9, CD63, CD81, and HSP70) was detected via flow cytometry and Western blotting. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes (Ang1, Flk1, Vash1, and TSP1) was detected via RT‒qPCR, and the expression of DLL4/Notch signaling pathway-related proteins (DLL4, Notch1, and Notch2) was detected via Western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by a CCK-8 assay, and angiogenesis was assessed via an angiogenesis assay. The expression of CD3 was detected by immunofluorescence. The endometrial lesions of IUA rats were observed via HE staining, and the expression of CD3 and VEGFA was detected via immunohistochemistry.

Results
Compared with those in exosomes from normoxic conditions, miR-424-5p was more highly expressed in the exosomes from hypoxic BMSCs. Compared with those in normoxic BMSC-derived exosomes, the proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVECs were significantly enhanced after treatment with hypoxic BMSC-derived exosomes, and these effects were weakened after inhibition of miR-424-5p. miR-424-5p can target and negatively regulate the expression of DLL4, promote the expression of the proangiogenic genes Ang1 and Flk1, and inhibit the expression of the antiangiogenic genes Vash1 and TSP1. The effect of miR-424-5p can be reversed by overexpression of DLL4. In IUA rats, treatment with hypoxic BMSC exosomes and the miR-424-5p mimic promoted angiogenesis and improved endometrial damage.

Conclusion
The hypoxic BMSC-derived exosomal miR-424-5p promoted angiogenesis and improved endometrial injury repair by regulating the DLL4/Notch signaling pathway, which provides a new idea for the treatment of IUAs.
Analysis of the Effects of Agency Costs on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Otete Fredrick Oduor , Ronald Martin Onsiro 
Published: February 2024

Agency costs result from a principal-agent relationship's conflicting interests. The relationship develops because the principal may not be able to manage the business since they are technologically illiterate, numerous, and geographically spread; as a result, they hire the agent. In a commercial bank, there are various relationships that show principal agent relationships, with the most prevalent one being the link between the shareholders and the management. Agency fees are paid with the intention of aligning the agents' and principal's ambitions in order to realize the principal's overarching intentions. Therefore, the perseverance of this study was to analyze agency costs and their effects on financial performance. In this study, the agency cost on financial performance of public commercial banks was analyzed. Specific objectives were; to establish how monitoring cost affect the financial performance of quoted commercial banks in Mombasa County, to assess the effect of bonding cost on financial performance of listed commercial banks in Mombasa county, to examine the extent to which residual loss affect the financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa county and to determine the effects of restructuring cost on financial performance of listed commercial banks in Mombasa County- directed the study. Theories supporting this study were as follows; agency theories, free cash flow and stakeholder’s theory. Descriptive design is a kind of research methodology which establishes the connection between variables. It was used in this study to identify both the broad and the detailed study goals. A census of the 10 listed commercial banks in Mombasa County was conducted as part of the work and purposive sampling was be used. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods. Validity was tested through interview while reliability was tested using Cronbach alpha. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics like regression and correlation and descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 22.0. The results were presented using cross tabulation, frequency tables, and charts. Findings indicated that there was a significant impact between; monitoring cost, bonding cost and residual cost and the financial performance. Restructuring cost were determined to have a favourable impact on financial performance. Therefore, the study recommends implementing an efficient internal control system by listed commercial bank management. This will assist in cutting down on the cost of auditing, administrative costs, and wasteful and unneeded spending, Managers should be paid more and attaching monetary or share bonuses or option entitlements to particular firm performance and to adopt a type of restructuring that will align with the relevant strategy and objectives.
Enhancement of Yield, Nitrogen use Efficiency, Production Economics of Fodder Oat through Selection of Appropriate Genotype and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application
Authors: Sarkar Saikat , Nanda Gangadhar , Singh Devendra , Kumar Sunil , Singh Santosh Kumar , Nath Hrishikesh 
Published: February 2024

Growing fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) genotype with high yielding potential with adequate nitrogen could enhance the fodder yield and quality to bridge the gap between demand and supply of green fodder. Therefore, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different genotypes and nitrogen levels on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, production economics, and agro-meteorological parameters of fodder oat at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. Six oat genotypes, viz., Kent, JO-07-28, OS-403, OS-6, HFO-904 and HFO-906, were sown with 40, 80 and 120 kg of nitrogen per hectare. The experiment was set up using a split-plot design, with three replications of the genotypes in the main plots and N levels in sub-plots. Results revealed that genotype JO-07-28 was significantly superior to Kent (check) with respect to green fodder yield whereas both were comparable to each other with respect to dry matter yield, crude protein content and yield. Kent showed maximum N, P and K uptake and heat use efficiency, helio-thermal and photo-thermal unit efficiency. However, genotype JO-07-28 yielded the highest net returns (Rs. 27421/ha), B:C ratio (1.85), and economic efficiency (Rs. 271/ha/day). Among other nitrogen levels, application of 120 kg N/ha recorded the maximum yields of green fodder (371 q/ha) and dry matter (91 q/ha), crude protein content and yield, N uptake, net returns (Rs. 23096/ha), B:C ratio (1.71) and economic efficiency (Rs. 231/ha/day) and heat use efficiency (7.60), helio-thermal and photo-thermal unit efficiency which were statistically equivalent to 80 kg N/ha. Genotype JO-07-28 and HFO-904 were the most N efficient genotype in terms of partial factor productivity of N fertilizer and nitrogen utilization efficiency, respectively. Enhancement in level of N application reduced the nitrogen use efficiency.
Gas‐liquid‐fiber flow in a cocurrent bubble column
Authors: Tang Chengzhi , Heindel Theodore J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEffects of superficial gas velocity (Ul ≤ 10 cm/s), superficial liquid velocity (Ug ≤ 10 cm/s), and fiber mass fraction (0 ≤ C ≤ 2%) on gas holdup (ϵ) and flow regime transition are studied experimentally in well‐mixed water‐cellulose fiber suspensions in a cocurrent bubble column. Experimental results show that gas holdup decreases with increasing superficial liquid velocity when fiber mass fraction and superficial gas velocity are constant. Gas holdup is not significantly affected by fiber mass fraction in the range of C < 0.4%, but decreases with increasing fiber mass fraction in the range of 0.4% ≤ C ≤ 1.5%. The mechanisms behind the influences of superficial liquid velocity and fiber mass fraction on gas holdup in a gas‐liquid‐fiber bubble column are analyzed. The effects of gas distribution methods are also explained by comparison to previous results. The axial gas holdup distribution is shown to be a complex function of superficial gas and liquid velocities and fiber mass fraction. The drift‐flux model is used to identify the flow regime transitions at different operating conditions. Three distinct flow regimes are observed when C ≤ 0.4%, but only two are identified when 0.6% ≤ C ≤ 1.5%. The superficial gas velocities at which the flow transitions from one regime to another are not significantly affected by Ul, and only slightly decrease with increasing C. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas by a microwave plasma torch
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Hsien , Hsieh Tsung‐Hua , Shih Minliang , Huang Yuh‐Jeen , Wei Ta‐Chin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis study demonstrates a noncatalytic, low‐pressure, and room‐temperature process for methane partial oxidation into syngas by using a microwave plasma torch reactor. The experimental results showed that the elevation of the inlet O2/CH4 molar ratio, pressure, and applied power led to the outlet H2/CO molar ratios decreased from 3.32 (at O2/CH4 = 0.3, 13.3 kPa, and 160 W) to 0.81 (at O2/CH4 = 1.5, 93.3 kPa, and 600 W). At O2/CH4 = 0.5, the higher selectivity and yield of syngas, and a H2/CO molar ratio of about 2 could be obtained simultaneously. In addition, the maximum yield of syngas per unit mole of methane consumed could be achieved at a higher pressure, although a higher methane conversion was performed at a lower pressure. Based on these, this study suggests that the operating conditions of O2/CH4 = 0.5 and near atmospheric pressure (93.3 kPa) would be the most appropriate combination for converting methane into syngas. Under the conditions, the selectivities of H2 and CO reached 97.6 and 99.2%, respectively, accompanied with H2/CO = 1.97 at 600 W. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Strategies for Hydrogen Storage in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Rowsell Jesse L. C. , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIncreased attention is being focused on metal–organic frameworks as candidates for hydrogen storage materials. This is a result of their many favorable attributes, such as high porosity, reproducible and facile syntheses, amenability to scale‐up, and chemical modification for targeting desired properties. A discussion of several strategies aimed at improving hydrogen uptake in these materials is presented. These strategies include the optimization of pore size and adsorption energy by linker modification, impregnation, catenation, and the inclusion of open metal sites and lighter metals.
Phase II study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib with paclitaxel in patients with taxane‐refractory/resistant nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Kim Edward S. , Kies Merrill S. , Fossella Frank V. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Zaknoen Sara , Statkevich Paul , Munden Reginald F. , Summey Carmen , Pisters Katherine M.W. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vali , Tighiouart Mourad , Rogatko Andre , Khuri Fadlo R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of treatment using lonafarnib, a novel farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), in combination with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic (Stage IIIB/V), taxane‐refractory/resistant nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).METHODSPatients with NSCLC who experienced disease progression while receiving previous taxane therapy or who had disease recurrence within 3 months after taxane therapy cessation were treated with continuous lonafarnib 100 mg orally twice per day beginning on Day 1 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 intravenously over 3 hours on Day 8 of each 21‐day cycle.RESULTSA total of 33 patients were enrolled, 29 of whom were evaluable for response. Partial responses (PR) and stable disease (SD) were observed in 3 (10%) and 11 patients (38%), respectively. Thus, 48% (14 of 29) experienced clinical benefit (PR or SD). The updated and final median overall survival time was 39 weeks and the median disease progression‐free survival time was 16 weeks. The combination of lonafarnib and paclitaxel was well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Grade 3 toxicities included fatigue (9%), diarrhea (6%), and dyspnea (6%). Grade 3 neutropenia occurred in only 1 patient (3%). Grade 4 adverse events included respiratory insufficiency in 2 patients (6%) and acute respiratory failure in 1 patient (3%).CONCLUSIONSLonafarnib plus paclitaxel demonstrated clinical activity in patients with taxane‐refractory/resistant metastatic NSCLC. In addition, the combination of lonafarnib and paclitaxel was well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Evaluation of this combination therapy in additional clinical trials is warranted. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Cyclic AMP/cAMP‐GEF pathway amplifies insulin exocytosis induced by Ca2+ and ATP in rat islet β‐cells
Authors: Hashiguchi Hiroshi , Nakazaki Mitsuhiro , Koriyama Nobuyuki , Fukudome Michiyo , Aso Katsumi , Tei Chuwa 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundCyclic AMP (cAMP) plays a pivotal role in insulin secretion induced by incretins. The effects of the second messenger extend to many sites and there has been much controversy on the mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine how cAMP amplified insulin exocytosis.MethodsRat islets were permeabilized with α‐toxin to measure insulin exocytosis in the fixed conditions of Ca2+ and ATP. The effects of several agents on insulin exocytosis were observed in perifusion experiments.ResultsCyclic AMP enhanced the Ca2+‐induced insulin release by around 30%, independent of Ca2+ concentrations between 10 and 3000 nmol/L. A cAMP‐GEF selective cAMP analogue, 8‐(4‐chloro‐phenylthio)‐2′‐O‐methyladenosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate, also amplified insulin release. The effect disappeared in the absence of ATP. Conversely, cAMP‐independent gradual increase in insulin release was observed with ATP. These results suggested that the site of action of cAMP‐GEF existed proximal to that of ATP. An analogue selective to PKA, N6‐Benzoyladenosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate, had little effect. Also, a PKA‐selective inhibitor, N‐[2‐(p‐bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]‐5‐isoquinolinesulfonamide, reduced insulin releases induced by 1000 nmol/L Ca2+, but did not influence the relative increase produced by Ca2+ and cAMP.ConclusionCyclic AMP potentiated Ca2+ and ATP‐induced exocytosis to a similar relative extent independent of Ca2+ concentrations. The process appeared to be mainly mediated by cAMP‐GEF. In addition, the cAMP/cAMP‐GEF pathway may enhance insulin release by replenishing the readily releasable pool. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential levels of tissue hypoxia in the developing chicken heart
Authors: Wikenheiser Jamie , Doughman Yong‐Qiu , Fisher Steven A. , Watanabe Michiko 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTissue hypoxia plays a critical role in normal development, including cardiogenesis. Previously, we showed that oxygen concentration, as assessed by the hypoxia indicator EF5, is lowest in the outflow tract (OFT) myocardium of the developing chicken heart and may be regulating events in OFT morphogenesis. In this study, we identified additional areas of the embryonic chicken heart that were intensely positive for EF5 within the myocardium in discrete regions of the atrial wall and the interventricular septum (IVS). The region of the IVS that is EF5‐positive includes a portion of the developing central conduction system identified by HNK‐1 co‐immunostaining. The EF5 positive tissues were also specifically positive for nuclear‐localized hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), the oxygen‐sensitive component of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) heterodimer. The pattern of the most intensely EF5‐stained myocardial regions of the atria and IVS resemble the pattern of the major coronary vessels that form in later stages within or immediately adjacent to these particular regions. These vessels include the sinoatrial nodal artery that is a branch of the right coronary artery within the atrial wall and the anterior/posterior interventricular vessels of the IVS. These findings indicate that a portion of the developing central conduction system and the patterning of coronary vessels may be subject to a level of regulation that is dependent on differential oxygen concentration within cardiac tissues and subsequent HIF‐1 regulation of gene expression. Developmental Dynamics 235:115–123, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation ofTwist,Snail, andId1is conserved between the developing murine palate and tooth
Authors: Rice Ritva , Thesleff Irma , Rice David P.C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe development of both the tooth and palate requires coordinated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Here, we demonstrate that transcription factors Twist and Snail are downstream targets of FGF signalling, that Id1 and Msx2 are downstream targets of BMP signalling, and that Msx1 is regulated by both signalling pathways during tooth and palate development. We show thatTwistandSnailexpression in the mesenchyme is regulated by the overlying epithelium and that exogenous FGF4 in tooth and FGF2 in palate can mimic this regulation in isolated mesenchymal explants. Ids act in a dominant‐negative manner to inhibit the function of other transcription factors such as Twist and Snail. FGF and BMP signalling can regulate development antagonistically, and we suggest that FGF‐regulatedTwistandSnailand BMP‐regulatedId1may mediate these antagonistic effects during both tooth and palate development. Developmental Dynamics 234:28–35, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
nanos is required for formation of the spectrosome, a germ cell‐specific organelle
Authors: Wawersik Matthew , Van Doren Mark 
Published: July 2005

AbstractGerm cell identity and development are controlled by autonomous cues in the germ plasm as well as by interactions between germ cells and somatic cells. Here, we investigate the formation of a germ cell‐specific organelle, the spectrosome. We find that spectrosome formation is independent of germ cell–soma interactions and is autonomous to the germ cells. Furthermore, the germ plasm component nanos (nos) is essential for spectrosome formation. The role of nos in spectrosome formation is independent of its role in germ cell survival; nos mutant germ cells that are prevented from undergoing programmed cell death still fail to form spectrosomes. Thus, nos is required to regulate the formation of this germ cell‐specific organelle, further supporting a role for nos in promoting germ cell identity. Developmental Dynamics 234:22–27, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equivalence principle for optimization of sparse versus low‐spread representations for signal estimation in noise
Authors: Balan Radu V. , Rosca Justinian , Rickard Scott 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEstimation of a sparse signal representation, one with the minimum number of nonzero components, is hard. In this paper, we show that for a nontrivial set of the input data the corresponding optimization problem is equivalent to and can be solved by an algorithm devised for a simpler optimization problem. The simpler optimization problem corresponds to estimation of signals under a low‐spread constraint. The goal of the two optimization problems is to minimize the Euclidian norm of the linear approximation error with an lp penalty on the coefficients, for p = 0 (sparse) and p = 1 (low‐spread), respectively. The l0 problem is hard, whereas the l1 problem can be solved efficiently by an iterative algorithm. Here we precisely define the l0 optimization problem, construct an associated l1 optimization problem, and show that for a set with open interior of the input data the optimizers of the two optimization problems have the same support. The associated l1 optimization problem is used to find the support of the l0 optimizer. Once the support of the l0 problem is known, the actual solution is easily found by solving a linear system of equations. However, we point out our approach does not solve the harder optimization problem for all input data and thus may fail to produce the optimal solution in some cases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 10–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20034