bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TPAAD: Two‐phase authentication system for denial of service attack detection and mitigation using machine learning in software‐defined network
Authors: Nisa Najmun , Khan Adnan Shahid , Ahmad Zeeshan , Abdullah Johari 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoftware‐defined networking (SDN) has received considerable attention and adoption owing to its inherent advantages, such as enhanced scalability, increased adaptability, and the ability to exercise centralized control. However, the control plane of the system is vulnerable to denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks, which are a primary focus for attackers. These attacks have the potential to result in substantial delays and packet loss. In this study, we present a novel system called Two‐Phase Authentication for Attack Detection that aims to enhance the security of SDN by mitigating DoS attacks. The methodology utilized in our study involves the implementation of packet filtration and machine learning classification techniques, which are subsequently followed by the targeted restriction of malevolent network traffic. Instead of completely deactivating the host, the emphasis lies on preventing harmful communication. Support vector machine and K‐nearest neighbours algorithms were utilized for efficient detection on the CICDoS 2017 dataset. The deployed model was utilized within an environment designed for the identification of threats in SDN. Based on the observations of the banned queue, our system allows a host to reconnect when it is no longer contributing to malicious traffic. The experiments were run on a VMware Ubuntu, and an SDN environment was created using Mininet and the RYU controller. The results of the tests demonstrated enhanced performance in various aspects, including the reduction of false positives, the minimization of central processing unit utilization and control channel bandwidth consumption, the improvement of packet delivery ratio, and the decrease in the number of flow requests submitted to the controller. These results confirm that our Two‐Phase Authentication for Attack Detection architecture identifies and mitigates SDN DoS attacks with low overhead.
Stiffness enhancement of polymer nanocomposites via graphene nanoplatelet orientation
Authors: Tiwari Anupam , Panda S. K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the development of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), lightweight and durable materials play a crucial role for extended high‐altitude flights. Nanoparticle‐reinforced polymer composites meet these requirements, exhibiting resistance to environmental degradation. Despite their potential, the outstanding specific strength, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability at elevated temperatures of graphene–epoxy nanocomposites have not been fully realized due to inadequate dispersion and spatial orientation within epoxy matrices. Our recent research has introduced a mathematical framework aimed at optimizing alignment parameters for graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and Fe3O4‐attached GNP under a weak DC magnetic field. Subsequently, nanocomposites reinforced with GNP and aligned Fe3O4–GNP nanoparticles were fabricated using optimized parameters, and their alignment was characterized using various techniques. The current study examines the influence and comparative impact of alignment and weight percentage (wt%) loading of both nanoparticles on various mechanical properties, including tensile and compressive strength, along with failure mechanisms. It was observed that both GNP and aligned Fe3O4–GNP enhance the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, particularly notable improvements from aligned Fe3O4–GNP. The Young's modulus of GNP nanocomposites increased by 17%, while aligned Fe3O4–GNP contributed significantly to a 31% enhancement in the Young modulus.Highlights
Epoxy nanocomposites featuring well‐dispersed GNP and Fe3O4–GNP nanoparticles.
Proper alignment of Fe3O4–GNP within the epoxy nanocomposite was achieved.
Mechanical properties improved with GNP and aligned Fe3O4–GNP incorporation.
The aligned Fe3O4–GNP exhibits advanced potential for engineering applications.
Rheological properties and aging resistance of self‐healing polyurea elastomer modified asphalt
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Mingliang , Li Xiang , Pei Jianzhong , Li Rui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer modified asphalt containing dynamic chemical bonds has the potential to increase the service life of asphalt pavement due to its excellent self‐healing ability. The effect of this self‐healing accelerator with dynamic chemical bond on the rheological properties and aging resistance of asphalt binder is still unclear. In this study, a self‐healing polyurea elastomer (PUA) modified asphalt containing dynamic disulfide bonds was prepared. The high‐ and low‐temperature performance and fatigue resistance of PUA modified asphalt were studied through multiple stress creep, low‐temperature bending beam rheometer, mechanical glass transition temperature, and linear amplitude scanning tests. Moreover, considering the service environment of asphalt over a wide temperature range (−30–70°C), three rheological aging indices (RAI) were proposed. At the same time, the aging resistance of PUA modified asphalt was evaluated by chemical aging index (CAI) based on carbonyl and sulfoxide groups. Finally, a linear relationship is established between RAI and CAI over a wide temperature range. The experimental results show that self‐healing accelerators can increase the resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt by 47.41% and the fatigue resistance by 88.54%. The S value of PUA modified asphalt decreased by at most 33.21% and the m value increased by at most 35.23% compared with BA at −18°C. Moreover, PUA can improve the long‐term thermal oxygen aging resistance of asphalt binders by at least 38.33% over a wide temperature range.Highlights
Rheological properties of self‐healing polyurea elastomer modified asphalt.
Aging resistance of self‐healing polyurea elastomer modified asphalt.
Proposed rheological aging indices for different temperature ranges.
Clarified the correlation between chemical–rheological aging indices.
Stiffening and softening of freshly prepared and aged CTA, PTMSP, and PIM‐1 films exposed to volatile compounds
Authors: Durd'áková Tereza‐Markéta , Hrdlička Zdeněk , Král Martin , Budd Peter M. , Harrison Wayne J. , Friess Karel , Vopička Ondřej 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlassy polymers stiffen or soften when exposed to volatile compounds, depending on the specific combination of polymer compound and the specimen history. Relevant to the long‐term applicability of the separation membranes, three common membrane glassy polymers are studied in this work. Freshly prepared and 2‐years aged films from cellulose triacetate (CTA), poly[1‐(trimethylsilyl)‐1‐propyne] (PTMSP), and the archetypal polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) were tested using isothermal Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) at varied vapor activity. Vapors of organic compounds, in which the polymers do and do not dissolve in the liquid phase (solvents and nonsolvents), were studied at 40 °C, namely: dichloromethane (DCM, solvent), p‐xylene (solvent for PTMSP and PIM‐1), and methanol (nonsolvent). Functional groups of the mer units sensitive to the dissolution were identified using Raman spectroscopy. All aged films were stiffer than the freshly prepared ones. Stiffening prevailed for most freshly prepared film‐vapor pairs at low vapor saturations (activity < ≈0.4), except CTA and PIM‐1 in nonsolvent methanol vapors. Softening prevailed for the aged films and higher vapor saturations (activity > ≈0.6). Vapors of the solvents and nonsolvents did not show the expectable prevalence of softening and stiffening, respectively. Physical aging influenced the stiffening and softening of polymer glasses expectably.
Effect of self‐seed crystal structure on growth of polymorphs in poly(butylene 2,6‐naphthalate): A cross‐nucleation study
Authors: Du Mengxue , Androsch René , Cavallo Dario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCross‐nucleation between different crystal polymorphs is a particular, self‐seed assisted type of heterogeneous nucleation, where a fast‐growing polymorph nucleates at a pre‐existing crystal surface of another polymorph. Here, we present a study on cross‐nucleation between different crystalline phases of poly(butylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PBN), employing hotstage polarized‐light optical microscopy and temperature‐resolved wide‐angle X‐ray scattering as analysis tools. PBN forms α‐crystals at relatively low temperature and β′‐crystals at rather high temperature, with cross‐nucleation experiments designed such to first obtain few α‐ or β′‐seed crystals (mother phase) which then are transferred to higher or lower temperature, respectively, to monitor the continuation of the crystallization process and possible growth of the other polymorph. In case of cooling β′‐crystals to lower temperature where typically α‐crystals form in the non‐seeded isotropic melt, β′‐crystals nucleate growth of α‐crystals, following many examples of cross‐nucleation in the literature. In contrast, if low‐temperature‐generated α‐crystals are heated to a temperature where β′‐crystals form in a non‐seeded melt, the cross‐nucleation efficacy is reduced as, beside growth of cross‐nucleated β′‐crystals, also growth of the mother phase is observed. This unexpected result demonstrates the importance of the structure of the nucleating substrate and the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of crystal growth.
Orphan crops of archaeology‐based crop history research
Authors: Fuks Daniel , Schmidt Frijda , García‐Collado Maite I. , Besseiche Margot , Payne Neal , Bosi Giovanna , Bouchaud Charlène , Castiglioni Elisabetta , Dabrowski Vladimir , Frumin Suembikya , Fuller Dorian Q. , Hovsepyan Roman , Muthukumaran Sureshkumar , Peña-Chocarro Leonor , Jordá Guillem Pérez , Ros Jérôme , Rottoli Mauro , Ryan Philippa , Spengler Robert , Stevens Chris J. , Valamoti Soultana Maria , Weiss Ehud , Alexander Michelle , Gros-Balthazard Muriel 
Published: January 2024

Societal Impact StatementAgrobiodiversity is central to sustainable farming worldwide. Cultivation, conservation and reintroduction of diverse plant species, including ‘forgotten’ and ‘underutilized’ crops, contribute to global agrobiodiversity, living ecosystems and sustainable food production. Such efforts benefit from traditional and historical knowledge of crop plants' evolutionary and cultural trajectories. This review is a first attempt at systematically gauging species representativeness in studies of archaeological plant remains. Results indicate that, in addition to discipline‐specific methodological sources of bias, modern agricultural biases may replicate themselves in crop history research and influence understandings of ‘forgotten crops’. Recognizing these biases is an initial stride towards rectifying them and promoting agrobiodiversity in both research and practical applications.SummarySo‐called ‘forgotten’ or ‘orphan’ crops are an important component of strategies aimed at preserving and promoting biodiversity. Knowledge of historical cultivation, usage, and geographic and evolutionary trajectories of plants, that is, crop history research, is important for the long‐term success of such efforts. However, research biases in the crops chosen for study may present hurdles. This review attempts to systematically identify patterns in crop species representativeness within archaeology‐based crop history research. A meta‐analysis and synthesis of archaeobotanical evidence (and lack thereof) is presented for 268 species known to have been cultivated for food prior to 1492 CE from the Mediterranean region to South Asia. We identified 39 genera with known crop plants in this geographical and historical context that are currently absent from its archaeobotanical record, constituting ‘orphan’ crops of archaeobotany. In addition, a worldwide synthesis of crop species studied using geometric morphometric, archaeogenetic and stable isotope analyses of archaeological plant remains is presented, and biases in the species represented in these disciplines are discussed. Both disciplinary methodological biases and economic agenda‐based biases affecting species representativeness in crop history research are apparent. This study also highlights the limited geographic diffusion of most crops and the potential for deeper historical perspectives on how crops become marginalized and ‘forgotten’.
A monomeric structure of human TMEM63A protein
Authors: Wu Xuening , Shang Tiantian , Lü Xinyi , Luo Deyi , Yang Dongxue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOSCA/TMEM63 is a newly identified family of mechanically activated (MA) ion channels in plants and animals, respectively, which convert physical forces into electrical signals or trigger intracellular cascades and are essential for eukaryotic physiology. OSCAs and related TMEM16s and transmembrane channel‐like (TMC) proteins form homodimers with two pores. However, the molecular architecture of the mammalian TMEM63 proteins remains unclear. Here we elucidate the structure of human TMEM63A in the presence of calcium by single particle cryo‐EM, revealing a distinct monomeric architecture containing eleven transmembrane helices. It has structural similarity to the single subunit of the Arabidopsis thaliana OSCA proteins. We locate the ion permeation pathway within the monomeric configuration and observe a nonprotein density resembling lipid. These results lay a foundation for understanding the structural organization of OSCA/TMEM63A family proteins.
Improved Placement Precision of Donor Spin Qubits in Silicon using Molecule Ion Implantation
Authors: Holmes Danielle , Wilhelm Benjamin , Jakob Alexander M. , Yu Xi , Hudson Fay E. , Itoh Kohei M. , Dzurak Andrew S. , Jamieson David N. , Morello Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDonor spins in silicon‐28 are among the best performing qubits in the solid state, offering unmatched coherence times, gate fidelities beyond 99% and the ability to fabricate arrays using deterministic ion implantation. Donor placement precision is improved upon, advantageous for qubit readout and coupling, by implanting molecule ions that carry bystander atoms to boost the detection confidence. Here, the suitability of phosphorus difluoride () molecule ions is demonstrated to fabricate donor qubits. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry, it is confirmed that (nuclear spin ) diffuses away from the implant site while remains close to its original location during a donor activation anneal. Electron spin resonance measurements are then performed on ‐implanted qubit devices. A pure dephasing time of and a coherence time of are extracted for the P donor electron‐ values comparable to those found in conventional atomic ‐implanted qubit devices. Additionally, the P donor electron is not found to hyperfine couple to any nuclear spins in its vicinity. Molecule ions therefore show great promise for producing high‐precision deterministically‐implanted arrays of long‐lived donor spin qubits.
Observer‐based fault tolerant control for a class of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with sensor faults
Authors: Chen Jianliang , Li Juan , Zhang Yong , Cao Yong‐Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on the robust fault tolerant control (FTC) problem for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear multi‐agent systems(MASs) subject to sensor faults. Firstly, sensor faults are transformed into actuator faults via introducing a new intermediate auxiliary state variable, and a distributed adaptive fault estimation observer is designed to estimate the state information and the concerned faults by using the relative output estimation error. Then, the sufficient existence conditions for the observer to satisfy the robust performance index are given. Thirdly, based on the results of observer design, a new design method of dynamic output feedback controller is proposed to implement consensus of MASs and ensure the desired disturbance rejection performance. Finally, the simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A model for quantifying the effectiveness of leaky barriers as a flood mitigation intervention in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Villamizar Martha L. , Stoate Chris , Biggs Jeremy , Szczur John , Williams Penny , Brown Colin D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLeaky barriers have become an important mitigation option within natural flood management to reduce downstream flood risk. Modelling is a key tool to aid in the design of leaky barrier installations for flood mitigation, but there is limited evidence about the accuracy of model representations of the system. Here, the hydrological model SWAT was combined with a water routing model that simulates multiple leaky barriers as permeable sluice gates. Storage behind individual barriers was quantified using barrier dimensions and LIDAR topography. The model was applied to a series of 27 leaky barriers installed as part of a long‐term manipulation experiment into a 11‐km2 intensive lowland agricultural catchment in Leicestershire, England. Evaluation of the model against flow data collected before and after leaky barrier installation and time‐lapse photography taken across storm events at individual barriers demonstrated robust model performance (Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency and R2 across 19 validation events were 0.84 ± 0.14 and 0.91 ± 0.08, respectively). Empirical and modelling data were then combined to demonstrate that the 17,700 m3 of water storage provided by the 27 leaky barriers reduced peak flows at the catchment outlet by 22 ± 6% and delayed the peak in flow by up to 5 h for 11 storm events recorded after all barriers had been installed. The volume of storage utilised prior to the flood event was a key factor influencing the reduction in peak flow, and a sensitivity analysis indicated that barriers should be permeable to accelerate drain‐down of the barrier and help to mitigate risk from multiple storm events occurring in sequence.
Catalysis with Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Modulation
Authors: Lin Yanping , Li Lu , Shi Zhe , Zhang Lishang , Li Ke , Chen Jianmei , Wang Hao , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe demand for the exploration of highly active and durable electro/photocatalysts for renewable energy conversion has experienced a significant surge in recent years. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), by virtue of their high porosity, large surface area, and modifiable metal centers and ligands, have gained tremendous attention and demonstrated promising prospects in electro/photocatalytic energy conversion. However, the small pore sizes and limited active sites of 3D bulk MOFs hinder their wide applications. Developing 2D MOFs with tailored thickness and large aspect ratio has emerged as an effective approach to meet these challenges, offering a high density of exposed active sites, better mechanical stability, better assembly flexibility, and shorter charge and photoexcited state transfer distances compared to 3D bulk MOFs. In this review, synthesis methods for the most up‐to‐date 2D MOFs are first overviewed, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, a systematic analysis is conducted on the identification and electronic structure modulation of catalytic active sites in 2D MOFs and their applications in renewable energy conversion, including electrocatalysis and photocatalysis (electro/photocatalysis). Lastly, the current challenges and future development of 2D MOFs toward highly efficient and practical electro/photocatalysis are proposed.
What is the noosphere? Planetary superorganism, major evolutionary transition and emergence
Authors: Vidal Clément 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe noosphere remains an underappreciated and understudied idea despite that it provides unique hope towards a positive and meaningful global integration. A core reason for this lack of attention is that its very definition is often unclear both in the West with Teilhard de Chardin and in the East with Vernadsky. I show how Living Systems Theory can clarify two fundamental meanings: the noosphere as a planetary superorganism and the noosphere as a sphere of mind, storing, processing and spreading information. I also present two key aspects to better grasp the concept: the noosphere as a planetary major evolutionary transition and the noosphere as the emergence of something radically new, which might include a planetary consciousness, or a planet seeking to find or contact other noospheres.
Clinical features and long‐term outcomes of patients with type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: de Pretis Nicolò , Carlin Michele , Calderini Emilia , Caldart Federico , Conti Bellocchi Maria Cristina , Amodio Antonio , De Marchi Giulia , Campagnola Pietro , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Bernardoni Laura , Gabbrielli Armando , Martinelli Luigi , Frulloni Luca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesType 2 is a rare form of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Despite being considered a benign disease, only few studies with limited sample size and short follow‐up have been published on type 2 AIP. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate long‐term outcomes, such as the risk of relapse, pancreatic insufficiency and cancer in a large type 2 AIP cohort with long follow‐up.MethodsPatients with definitive or probable diagnosis of type 2 AIP by International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC) present in our prospectively maintained database since 1995 at 31.12.2021 were identified. All patients were clinically evaluated during the year 2022. Clinical, radiological, serological, and pathological data were evaluated.ResultsEighty‐eight out of 420 patients present in the database (21%) were diagnosed with type 2 AIP (mean age 33.5 ± 13.5 years). According to the ICDC, 21 patients (23.8%) had a definitive and 67 (76.2%) a probable diagnosis of type 2 AIP. The mean follow‐up was 9.2 ± 7.1 years (range 1–27 years). No differences were observed when comparing patients with definitive and probable type 2 AIP diagnosis. Concomitant IBD was reported in 77 patients (87.5%). The probability of disease relapse was lower in patients treated with steroids versus surgery (at 5 years 13% vs. 33%; p = 0.038) but this difference was not statistically significant at multivariable analysis. The risk of endocrine or severe exocrine insufficiency was low (5% and 25%). Four extra‐pancreatic malignancies (5%) were diagnosed, none pancreatic. One patient died in a car accident.ConclusionsType 2 AIP has benign long‐term clinical outcomes. Mortality and cancer rates are low and no specific follow‐up is needed after radiological remission.