bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new azo compounds based on 4-aminosalicylic acid and study anti-corrosive activity
Authors: Abd Alrazzak Nour 
Published: January 2024

New azo dyes were prepared from 4-amino-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid in two steps; the first step includes preparation the diazonium salt. Then, diazonium compound coupled with different aromatic compounds containing donating groups (orcinol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, hydroquinone, catechol, 1,2,4-triazole, 2-methyl-naphthol and 4-toluidine, respectively). The physical properties of synthesized compounds were studied like melting point and solubility. The target molecules were characterized using FTIR, NMR and CHNS techniques. The activity of the compounds 1, 3 and 5 as anticorrosion on carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution was studied using weight loss method at different times and two concentrations (0.003 M, 0.005 M) of inhibitors at 298 K. Compound 5 showed more inhibition efficiency and less weight loss at different concentration in comparison with compound 1 and compound 3.
KEY WORDS: Azo dye, 4-Aminosalicylic acid, Diazonium salt, Anti-corrosion
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 473-479.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.14
Plant protein-mediated size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles – Studies on optical properties
Authors: Kumar Das Amlan , Singh Solanki Vijendra , Fanan Apoorva , Agarwal Neha , Kumar Yadav Virendra 
Published: January 2024

In today’s scenario nanotechnology has great importance in all scientific and non-scientific sectors. In this study, we have synthesized magnetite nanoparticles coated by the proteins available in the Datura leaf extract through a green and eco-friendly method. From the resulting spectrum obtained on Fe3O4 for different volumes of leaf extract of Datura leaf, the surface plasmon resonance seems to be varying with the volume of capping agent. The data shows that as the volume of capping agent increases the SPR value is shifted to red-end. The Eg values increase with the increasing volume of capping agents. The evaluated band gap (Eg) values are close to semiconductors (0-3 eV). The values indicate that the formed Fe3O4 nanoparticles are marginally semiconducting. The Eg values are found to be dependent upon the volume of the capping agent. The properties of nano-sized semiconductor particles depend on particle size. Here, the absorption peaks (λmax) are consistently increased giving rise to red-shift. The value of surface plasmon resonance shift confirmed that particle size is decreased.
KEY WORDS: Green synthesis, Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), Leaf extract, Band gap, Optical properties, Surface plasmon resonance
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 493-499.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.16
Geometry optimization and energy parameter calculations using density-functional theory method and molecular docking of anticonvulsant therapeutic metal complexes of gabapentin
Authors: Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , S. Refat Moamen , Majid A. Adam Abdel , I. Kobeasy Mohamed , Y. El-Sayed Mohamed , A. Asla Kareem 
Published: January 2024

This work aims to give computational studies of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of gabapentin (Gpn), formulized as [M(Gpn)(H2O)3(Cl)].nH2O complexes (where n = 2-6), using DFT method. They were previously synthesized and characterized. DFT calculations are in good agreement with practical studies. Bond lengths of metal complexes reduced or increased rather than that of ligand due to complexation. Bond angles of complexes predict the octahedral environment around the central metal ions predicting sp3d2 or d2sp3hybridization. The calculated energy parameters are negative indicating stability of metal complexes. The small energy band gap of compounds predicts the higher biological activity and high tendency of electron transfer. The comparable frequencies of theoretical and experimental IR may be attributed to different phases of measurement. The induced fit docking SP G-score of the molecular interactions of drug (Gpn) and its metal(II) complexes show that all investigated compounds have a good interaction towards sertonine receptor 5-HT2C and D2 dopamine receptor proteins. Co(II)-Gpn interacts with active site residues of sertonine receptor 5-HT2C with an excellent dock score of -7.370 kcal/mol and RMSD = 1.581 Å. On the other hand, Ni(II)-Gpn has the best dock score of -6.638 kcal/mol and RMSD = 1.995 Å with D2 dopamine receptor.
KEY WORDS: Gabapentin, Transition metals, DFT-method, molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 511-526.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.18
Theoretical study on glucose and methylamine Maillard reaction: formation of the Amadori rearrangement products
Authors: Huan Weiwei , Du Hongchen , Pan Rongkai , Li Jie , Feng Lijuan 
Published: January 2024

In the present study, the mechanism of Maillard reaction was investigated using density functional theory calculations. Glucose and aminomethane were used as initial reactants in this study. The calculations show that the Amadori rearrangement reaction is the rate-controlling step with a corresponding energy potential of 402 kJ/mol，the enthalpy change is 219 kJ/mol, which is an endothermic reaction and therefore energy needs to be supplied from outside if the reaction is to proceed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the previous findings and can provide insight into the reaction mechanism of the Maillard reaction. These findings will help further research and find out the correct reaction mechanism.
KEY WORDS: Food chemistry, Mechanism, Transition State, Computational chemistry
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 539-545.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.20
Synthesis, characterization and theoretical aspects of copper and zinc divalent ion complexes with azo dye derived from 4,5-diphenylimidazole
Authors: Taha Saad Suad 
Published: January 2024

Azo dye ligand derived from 4,5-diphenyl imidazole and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane was synthesized by diazomium coupling reaction. In this reaction an amine (4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane was converted to the diazonium salt and coupled with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole. The bright coloured Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with this ligand were synthesized by refluxing the latest with both metals chloride salts. The prepared compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible, molar conductivity and atomic absorption. By the infrared data, the coordination between copper and zinc ions and the azo ligand achieved through the nitrogen of the azo group and one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring. By the molar conductivity test, the non- electrolytic nature of both complexes was also confirmed. The suggested structure for these complexes is octahedral. Using density functional theory (DFT) some theoretical data was obtained for the synthesized complexes. The obtained data include the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals energy (HOMO and LUMO), electron density, thermodynamic functions (ΔG°, ΔS°, ΔH°, ΔE°), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electrophilicity(ὠ), electronegativity (En), chemical hardness (η) and dipole moment (μ). According to these studied parameters some properties of the two complexes were explained and discussed.
KEY WORDS: Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes, Azo ligand, 4,5-Diphenylimidazole, 4,4-Diaminodiphenylmethane, Theoretical study
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 313-323.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.4
Antioxidant novel activities of curcumin complexes with Mg(II), Ca(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Se(IV) metal ions: synthesis and spectral studies
Authors: M. El-Megharbel Samy , H. Qahl Safa , Althobaiti Khaled , H. Al-Thubaiti Eman , Z. Hamza Reham 
Published: January 2024

Curcumin (Cur) metal complexes of Mg(II), Ca(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), and Se(IV) were prepared and characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV-spectra, 1H NMR, SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction. The very low values of molar conductance confirm that Cl- ions are absent inside or outside the chelation sphere confirming their non-electrolytic nature, while for Cr(III) Cur is high compared to other curcumin complexes, confirming that Cl- ions are inside the complexation sphere. Based on IR and electronic spectra, the Cur C=O group in enol form chelated to Mg(II), Ca(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), and tetravalent metal (Se). The surface morphology of the curcumin chelates showed an increase in particle size and irregular grains shaped with an elongated morphology. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the Cur chelates have spherical black spots like shape with a particle size of 72.21-88.75 nm, 34.89-57.33 nm, and 80.71-100 nm for Cu(II), Zn(II), and Se(IV) Cur respectively. X–ray powder diffraction patterns for Cu(II) Cur complexes showed particle size within 70-90 nm; the antioxidant activities of Cur and its metal complexes were assessed. Results showed that the Cur complexes with Cr, Mg, Ca, Cu, or Se showed potent antioxidant activities. Further studies could evaluate the potency of these complexes to elevate the antioxidant defense system and enhance body functions against degenerative diseases, such as aging, Alzheimer's disease, and viral diseases.
KEY WORDS: Curcumin, Mg/Cur, Cu/Cur, Se/Cur, Electronic spectra, Antioxidant, Oxidative stress
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 347-363.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.6
Synthesis, chemical characterization, and biological investigation of naturally isolated hesperidin and its metal complexes
Authors: A.M. Abdelgawad Ahmed , A.I. El Bassossy Taha , A. Ahmed Fatma 
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the ability of hesperidin (HES) to form metal-complexes (HES-M) by chelation with transition metals such iron(III), copper(II), zinc(II), and silver(I), in addition to screen the antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdenum reduction potential methods PRP), anti-Alzheimer activity [(acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] inhibition assay) and coagulant activity (prothrombin time PT assay). The results indicated that HES could form a 1:1 complex with the studied metals in methanolic solution. The complex has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. Complexing of hesperidin with metals leads to increase in the antioxidant activity by 15.4-33%. Also, the total antioxidant capacities of HES-M complexes were increased by 13.8-251%. Cu-complex revealed the most increasing antioxidant activity by 33% for DPPH scavenging activity and 251% for PRP activity. The inhibition capacity of the HES, as well as of the HES-M complexes on the enzyme AChE, was revealed that only HES-Zn complex has higher anti-Alzheimer activity (IC50 1.18 mg/mL). HES and HES-M complexes led to accelerate the clotting time by 28.9-67.3%, where HES-Zn complex was the most accelerating clotting time by 67.3%. The high increase in total antioxidant activity of hesperidin after chelating with copper (251%) opens the door for further research.
KEY WORDS: Hesperidin, Metal ions, Complexation, Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer, Coagulant activity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 385-395.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.8
La candidose vaginale et les pratiques intravaginales : cas des femmes de l’Hôpital de District d’Efoulan
Authors: Essome Marie Chantal Ngonde , Mansour Mohamadou , Yimga Grace 
Published: January 2024

Les pratiques intravaginales sont courantes chez les femmes de par le monde et exposeraient ces dernières à de nombreuses infections génitales. Le but de notre étude était d’évaluer la prévalence et la contribution des pratiques intravaginales dans l’acquisition de la candidose vaginale. Les 187 femmes recrutées dans notre étude étaient soumises à un questionnaire comportant les données socio démographiques, les habitudes de pratiques intravaginales. Un prélèvement vaginal a été effectué, puis l’écouvillon a été ensemencé sur la gélose Sabouraud Chloramphénicol pendant 24 h. Nos résultats ont montré que 88.77% des femmes s’adonnaient aux pratiques intravaginales. La répartition des femmes d’après les caractères socio démographiques a révélé que les femmes du Centre (40,96%), celles âgées de [25-31] ans (33,13%), de niveau universitaire (49,39%) s’adonnaient plus aux pratiques intravaginales. Dans notre étude 27,27% de femmes présentaient une candidose vaginale. Les femmes qui faisaient plus des pratiques intravaginales étaient plus exposées à la candidose vaginale. Des études sur un échantillon plus grand de femmes devraient être menées car ces pratiques pourraient les exposer à de nombreuses infections génitales par destruction des lactobacilles protecteurs de la cavité vaginale.
Intravaginal practices are common among women around the world and would expose them to genital infections. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and contribution of intravaginal practices in the acquisition of vaginal candidiasis. The women were submitted to a questionnaire including socio-demographic data and habits of intravaginal practices. A vaginal sample was taken, then the swab was inoculated on Sabouraud Chloramphenicol agar for 24 hours. Of the 187 women present in the study, 88.77%, performed intravaginal practices. The distribution of women according to socio-demographic characteristics showed that women from the Center (40.96%), those aged [25-31] years (33.13%), of university level (49.39%) were more performing intravaginal practices. In our study we found a prevalence of 27.27% of vaginal candidiasis. Women who performed intravaginal practices were more exposed to vaginal candidiasis. Our study showed that many women in Cameroon perform intravaginal practices. Study on a larger sample should be carried out because these practices could expose them to genital infection by destruction of lactobacilli.
Stabilité physico-chimique de la suspension buvable extemporanée de la névirapine à base de CMCNa et de la gomme xanthane
Authors: Namegabe Lucien Murhula , Sarr Serigne Omar , Fall Djibril , Diop Yerim Mbagnick 
Published: January 2024

La névirapine est un médicament antirétroviral important couramment utilisé pour traiter le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH). Elle se trouve sous plusieurs formes posologiques. Les formes orales liquides pausent souvent un problème de stabilité surtout après ouverture des bouchons. Cette étude visait à formuler extemporanément et de déterminer la stabilité physico-chimique des suspensions buvables de névirapine préparées avec de la gomme xanthane (GOX) et le carboxyméthylcellulose sodique (CMCNa). Les suspensions ont été formulées à 10,0 mg/ml et conservées après conditionnement à deux températures différentes (4°C et 25°C). La stabilité a été étudiée par spectrofluorimétrie et chromatographie liquide haute performance (CLHP). La SCMCNa a fourni une excellente stabilité physique et chimique tout au long de la période d'étude. Il n'y a eu aucun changement du pH tout au long de la période d'étude et les concentrations de névirapine sont restées supérieures à 95% à 4°C et 25°C. Les concentrations de la SGOX sont restées supérieures à 90% pendant 17 jours à 25°C, tandis qu'à 4°C, les concentrations sont restées supérieures à 90% pendant toute la période de l'étude. La suspension buvable extemporanée de névirapine a été proposée sous forme de formulation flexible pour les patients ayant des difficultés à prendre la forme solide.
Nevirapine is an important antiretroviral drug commonly used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is available in several dosage forms. Liquid oral dosage forms often have stability problems, especially after opening the cap. The aim of this study was to formulate extemporaneously and determine the physicochemical stability of nevirapine oral suspensions prepared with xanthan gum (GOX) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa). The suspensions were formulated at 10.0 mg/ml and packaged at two different temperatures (4°C and 25°C). Stability was studied by spectrofluorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SCMCNa provided excellent physical and chemical stability throughout the study period. The pH showed no variation and the concentration of nevirapine remained above 95% at 4°C and 25°C throughout the study period. However, SGOX gave concentrations below 90% after 17 days at 25°C, while at 4°C, the concentration remained above 90% throughout the study period. The extemporaneous oral suspension of nevirapine has been proposed as a flexible formulation for patients who have difficulty taking the solid form.
Evaluation de la qualité des eaux de forage de la commune de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Adama , Cisse Hama , Tapsoba François , Kagambega Boureima , Zongo Oumarou , Ouedraogo Laurencia , Zongo Cheikna , Savadogo Aly 
Published: January 2024

L’eau est un élément vital pour tous les êtres vivants. Elle peut provenir de plusieurs sources dont les forages. Les eaux de forage sont souvent exposées à de nombreuses contaminations, elles peuvent donc présenter un risque pour la santé des consommateurs. Ainsi, cette étude s’était fixée pour objectif d’évaluer la qualité physico-chimique et microbiologique des eaux de forage de la commune de Ouagadougou. Pour cela, des prélèvements ont été effectués au niveau de 14 forages. Les caractéristiques des échantillons prélevés ont été déterminées en utilisant des méthodes spectrophotométrique, titrimétrique, volumétrique, colorimétrique et microbiologique. Les résultats des analyses physico-chimiques ont montré que tous les échantillons présentaient des valeurs conformes aux normes pour 11 des paramètres étudiés. Aucun échantillon ne présentait une température conforme. De plus, quelques échantillons présentaient des valeurs non conformes pour le pH et le taux de chlore libre. Les analyses microbiologiques ont révélé une absence de streptocoques fécaux dans tous les échantillons. Les coliformes étaient absents dans la plupart des échantillons sauf dans celui de Sandogo (SASE6) (4 UFC /100 ml et 2 UFC /100 ml respectivement pour les coliformes totaux et fécaux). Selon la norme OMS, les échantillons d’eaux étudiés sont de qualité microbiologique satisfaisante sauf l’échantillon SASE6.
Water is a vital element for all living beings. It can come from several sources including boreholes. Boreholes water is often exposed to many contaminations, so it can pose a health risk to consumers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical and biological quality of borehole water in the municipality of Ouagadougou. For this purpose, samples were taken from 14 boreholes. The characteristics of the samples taken were determined using spectrophotometric, titrimetric, volumetric, colorimetric and microbiological methods. The results of the physico-chemical analyses showed that all the samples presented values in conformity with the standards for 11 of the studied parameters. None of the samples had a temperature value in conformity with the standards. In addition, some samples showed non-compliant values for the pH and the free chlorine level. Microbiological analyzes revealed an absence of faecal streptococci in all samples. Coliforms were absent in most of the samples except in that of Sandogo (SASE6) (4 CFU/100 ml and 2 CFU/100 ml respectively for total and faecal coliforms). According to the WHO standard, the water samples studied are of satisfactory microbiological quality except for the SASE6 sample.
Effet de la substitution graduelle de la farine de graine du cultivar RDC de <i>Cajanus cajan</i> sur la croissance des poulets de chair de souche Coob 500
Authors: Missoko Richard Mabeki , Dimi Silvère Ngatse , Amboua Olendekah Issengue , Akouango Parisse 
Published: January 2024

Ce travail visait à évaluer les effets de l’incorporation des graines du cultivar RDC de Cajanus cajan dans les rations sur les performances de croissance, les caractéristiques de la carcasse des poulets de chair au Congo. Pour réaliser cette étude, 48 poussins de deux semaines d’âge ont été répartis selon un dispositif complètement randomisé en 4 lots de 12 sujets chacun correspondant à quatre types de rations expérimentales contenant respectivement 0, 7, 14 et 21% de farine de graines de Cajanus cajan en substitution graduelle du tourteau de soja. Chaque lot a été subdivisé en deux sous-lots de 6 sujets. La consommation alimentaire a été mesurée journalièrement et les pesées des sujets de façon hebdomadaire. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’’incorporation de la farine de graines de Cajanus cajan a diminué la vitesse de croissance, la consommation et l’efficacité alimentaire des sujets proportionnellement au taux d’incorporation de cette farine. Cependant, elle n’a entrainé aucun effet néfaste significatif sur les caractéristiques de la carcasse et des organes des poulets de chair à 7 semaines d’âge. De même, cette incorporation n’a induit aucune coloration jaune de la peau et de la graisse abdominale des carcasses des oiseaux comparés aux sujets témoins. Ces résultats ont montré que l’utilisation de la farine de graines du cultivar RDC de Cajanus cajan pourrait être incorporées dans l’alimentation du poulet de chair à des teneurs allant jusqu’à 14% pour réduire les coûts de productions au Congo.
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating seeds of the DRC cultivar of Cajanus cajan into rations on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens in Congo. To carry out this study, 48 two-week-old chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design into 4 batches of 12 subjects each corresponding to four types of experimental rations containing respectively 0, 7, 14 and 21% of seed flour. Cajanus cajan as a gradual replacement for soybean meal. Each batch was subdivided into two sub-batches of 6 subjects. Food consumption was measured daily and the subjects' weighings were measured weekly. The results obtained showed that the incorporation of Cajanus cajan seed flour reduced the growth speed, consumption and feed efficiency of the subjects proportionally to the rate of incorporation of this flour. However, it did not cause any significant adverse effects on the characteristics of the carcass and organs of broilers at 7 weeks of age. Likewise, this incorporation did not induce any yellow coloring of the skin and abdominal fat of the bird carcasses compared to control subjects. These results showed that the use of seed meal from the DRC cultivar of Cajanus cajan could be incorporated into broiler feed at levels of up to 14% to reduce production costs in Congo.
Annual Committed Effective Doses of Primordial Radionuclides and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk to the Consumers of Some Foodstuffs in Lagos, Southwest of Nigeria
Authors: Sowole Olusegun , Aliyu Sadudeen 
Published: January 2024

Food plays vital role in the survival of man as it provides necessary nutrients to the body in orderto carry out the daily activities and also to be in good health. Activity concentrations of 40K,238Uand 232Th in some foodstuffs from three highly rated markets in Lagos, Southwest of Nigeriahave been determined by gamma spectrometry method using NaI (TI) detector coupled with a preamplifierbase to a multiple channel analyzer (MCA). Fifteen (15) samples of maize flour, yamflour, beans, cassava flour and rice were randomly purchased from the markets: Ketu, Oyingboand Ikeja. The highest activity concentrations for 40K, 238U and 232Th were 153.47 ± 10.34 Bqkg−1, 9.26 ± 2.17 Bq kg−1 and 15.36 ± 4.05 Bq kg−1, respectively, all from yam flour. The meanconcentrations of 40K for all the samples were obtained to be 102.33 ± 7.04 Bq kg−1, 5.79 ± 1.35Bq kg˗1 for 238U and 9.15 ± 2.36 Bq kg−1 for 232Th. The average annual committed effective doseof all the natural radionuclides to the consumers of the foodstuffs was determined to be 0.144 mSvyr−1 and average excess lifetime cancer risk to the consumers was determined to be 0.503 x 104.The values obtained were below the worldwide limits of 1 mSv yr−1 and 0.29 x 10−3,respectively, which indicated that consumption of the foodstuffs had no significant negativeradiological health risks to the consumers.
Keywords: Radionuclide; Activity concentration; Foodstuff; Dose; Gamma spectrometry;