bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term visual outcomes in the Cataract‐Free Zone Project in Brazil
Authors: De Senne Firmani M. B. , Cardillo José A. , Rocha Eduardo M. , Kara‐José Newton 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To determine the long‐term visual outcomes and causes of poor vision in the cataract population in Brazil treated in the Cataract‐Free Zone Project.Methods:  Project A subjects (62 patients) were recruited in Taquaritinga, SP, 26 months after surgery. Project B subjects (34 patients) were recruited in São João da Boa Vista, SP, 43 months after surgery. All patients underwent visual screening and eye examination (examination 1). They were classified according to visual acuity in the operated eye and the causes of poor vision were diagnosed and referred for treatment. The results of these interventions were collected (examination 2) and analysed by Chi‐square test.Results:  At examination 1 in project A, 47 of 62 patients (75.6%) had visual acuity ≤ 20/100. The main causes of poor vision were refractive error (31.9%) and posterior capsule opacification (17.0%), with or without refractive error. At examination 1 in project B, 22 of 34 patients (64.7%) had visual acuity ≤ 20/100. The main causes of poor vision were again posterior capsule opacification (50.0%) and refractive error (9.0%). After posterior capsulotomy with Nd:YAG laser and prescription of new corrective eyeglasses, visual acuity = 20/80 was obtained in 64.5% of patients in project A (OR = 0.18, CI = 0.07–0.41) and 70.5% of patients in project B (OR = 0.19, CI = 0.06–0.60) at examination 2. The causes of blindness in the remaining patients were identified.Conclusion:  This type of project is effective in reducing blindness caused by cataracts in developing countries. However, long‐term scheduled follow‐up of operated patients is an effective means of avoiding consecutive blindness resulting from secondary cataracts and refractive changes.
A prospective study of children treated for retinoblastoma: Cognitive and visual outcomes in relation to treatment
Authors: Ek Ulla , Seregard Stefan , Jacobson Lena , Oskar Kristi , Af Trampe Eva , Kock Erik 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose : To assess cognitive and visual outcomes in children treated for retinoblastoma.Patients and Methods:  A population‐based group of 22 children treated for retinoblastoma were followed in a longitudinal, prospective study. Eleven children had unilateral tumours, all of which had been enucleated. The remaining 11 had bilateral tumours. Seven of these had undergone unilateral enucleation and local or external beam radiation to the other eye. Four children had been treated with local or external beam radiation only. Cognitive outcome and visual function was assessed at 4 and 6 years of age.Results:  We found no general delay in cognitive or motor development at 4 or 6 years of age. Better cognitive capacities were found in the bilateral/irradiated retinoblastoma patients than in unilateral/non‐irradiated patients. However, two of the irradiated children, both of whom had been treated at 1 month of age, performed below group mean. None of the children was totally blind. Three children were visually impaired due to tumours affecting the macular area in the remaining eye; another three had subnormal visual acuity but no macular pathology. A total of 14 children had been enucleated and had normal vision in the remaining eye. Visual fields and dark adaptation were adversely affected in a few cases, but colour vision was normal in all.Conclusion:  Bilateral retinoblastoma seems to be associated with superior cognitive capacities. Few children were visually impaired according to WHO criteria. We speculate that children treated during the first months of life may be at risk of adverse cognitive and visual outcomes. The immature brain may be affected by radiation treatment, causing both cognitive and visual deviations.
A small number of older type 2 diabetic patients end up visually impaired despite regular photographic screening and laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Hansson‐Lundblad Catharina , Holm Kristina , Agardh Carl‐David , Agardh Elisabet 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: The present study describes the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in a geographically defined population 8 years after the introduction of a screening programme in 1987 for early detection of sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy.Methods: Of 374 patients with diabetes, comprising 2.6% of the population in the study community, 72% were examined with fundus photography or biomicroscopy during 1994–95. These patients form the basis of this study. The screening programme was fulfilled by 93% of subjects, all of whom underwent ophthalmic examinations at least every other year. A total of 79 eyes in 52 patients received photocoagulation for macular oedema alone or in combination with severe non‐proliferative or proliferative retinopathy.Results: Eight years after the implementation of the programme, only three patients, all with type 2 diabetes (diabetes diagnosed at or after 30 years of age), had visual acuity ≤ 0.1. The total number of eyes with visual acuity ≤ 0.5 was higher in insulin‐treated type 2 diabetic patients (n = 20) than in those on oral treatment (n = 5) or diet treatment only (n = 1) (p = 0.006 in both cases). The only independent risk factor for visual impairment in eyes with sight‐threatening retinopathy was age.Conclusion: A small number of older type 2 diabetic patients end up with visual impairment due to unsuccessful photocoagulation of macular oedema.
The capillary blood flow in ischaemic type central retinal vein occlusion: the effect of laser photocoagulation
Authors: Arvas Sema , Ocakoglu Ozcan , Ozkan Sehirbay 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To determine the effect of photocoagulation on retinal blood flow (RBF) in eyes with ischaemic type central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Patients and Methods:  Retinal blood flow was measured in 12 eyes with CRVO, 12 fellow eyes and 12 eyes of 12 age‐matched healthy subjects using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter (HRF). Microvascular blood flow values (volume, flow, velocity) were recorded from the upper temporal retina and macula. Eyes were re‐examined 1 month after photocoagulation. We investigated whether there was a difference in RBF measurements before and after photocoagulation treatment.Results:  In eyes with CRVO, mean RBF values (volume, flow and velocity) obtained from the upper temporal retina increased significantly after treatment (paired t‐test, p < 0.05). In contrast, mean RBF values from the macula were unaffected by photocoagulation (paired t‐test, p > 0.05). Retinal blood flow values from the upper temporal retina obtained from control subjects were significantly higher than the values in eyes with CRVO before and after photocoagulation (unpaired t‐test, p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between control subjects and CRVO patients in RBF values from the macula (unpaired t‐test, p > 0.05). Mean RBF values were significantly higher in CRVO patients' fellow‐eyes before photocoagulation in the eyes with CRVO (paired t‐test, p < 0.05) but were lower than in age‐matched healthy control eyes (unpaired t‐test, p < 0.05). Macular blood flow did not differ between the eyes with CRVO and fellow eyes (paired t‐test, p > 0.05).Conclusion:  Laser photocoagulation increased retinal blood flow in eyes with CRVO, but RBF did not reach normal values. Photocoagulation was found to have no effect on RBF in the macular area.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis associated with acute retinal necrosis syndrome in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Gain Philippe , Chiquet Christophe , Thuret Gilles , Drouet Emmanuel , Antoine Jean‐Christophe 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  The onset of acute retinal necrosis secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis is exceptional. We report such an association in an immunocompetent patient, in whom the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) was identified successively at both sites of infection.Methods:  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of HSV‐1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and aqueous humour.Results:  An immunocompetent patient aged 40 years presented with HSV‐1 encephalitis, which was confirmed by imaging, viral serology and identification of the HSV‐1 genome in the CSF. The subject's immunological profile was normal. The patient was treated with foscavir. Six weeks after clinical recovery and negative PCR, the patient presented with a unilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Polymerase chain reaction of the aqueous humour was positive, while serology and PCR of the CSF remained negative.Conclusion:  Identification of the HSV‐1 genome at the two successive sites of infection stresses the possibility of brain‐to‐eye transmission of HSV‐1.
Preschool vision screening in a Swedish city region: results after alteration of criteria for referral to eye clinics
Authors: Hård Anna‐Lena , Sjödell Lena , Borres Magnus P. , Zetterberg Ingrid , Sjöstrand Johan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To investigate the results of preschool vision screening and to evaluate new referral criteria in a Swedish city region. Prior to 1992, all children with visual acuity (VA) of less than 0.8 at the age of 4 years were referred to an eye clinic. Since 1992, those with slightly reduced VA (0.65 in each eye or 0.65 in one eye and 0.8 in the other) have been retested at 5.5 years of age and referred if their VA is less than 0.8.Methods:  In a prospective study, the results of vision testing were collected for all children (n = 483) born in 1989–92 inclusive and registered at one child health centre at 4 years of age. The study also involved 123 other children scheduled for retesting at the age of 5.5 years. The results of the examinations and treatments at the eye clinic are evaluated.Results:  Few of the children with slightly reduced VA who were retested at the age of 5.5 years had visual defects that required treatment. In those who were treated, the results of treatment were good.Conclusions:  The new screening criteria appear to be appropriate and are recommended.
Chlamydia pneumoniae in central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Vécsei Pia V. , Kircher Karl , Reitner Andreas , Khanakah Gelas , Stanek Gerold 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  There is increasing evidence that the common respiratory human pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae has a causative role in atherosclerosis. We investigated the association of this pathogen with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).Patients and Methods:  Sera of 14 consecutive patients with CRAO and of 14 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects were examined. Antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane proteins of C. pneumoniae were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:  In the CRAO group, seven patients (50%) were found to be IgA positive, 12 (86%) were IgG positive and one (7%) was IgM positive for chlamydial LPS antibodies. In the control group 36%, 79% and 14% were IgA, IgG and IgM positive, respectively. The results showed no significant difference between the groups. In the CRAO group, IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies to C. pneumoniae were found in 43%, 79% and 0% of subjects, respectively. These findings did not differ significantly from those pertaining to matched controls.Conclusions:  These data do not support an association between acute CRAO and current C. pneumoniae infection.
A prospective study of single stage surgery for implant supported overdentures
Authors: Fenlon Michael R. , Palmer Richard M. , Palmer Paul , Newton Jonathan T. , Sherriff Martyn 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the clinical and psychological outcomes with ball attachment supported mandibular overdentures on Branemark implants placed in a single stage surgical approach. Material and method: Sixteen edentulous patients aged 32–74, with atrophic (flat) mandibular residual alveolar ridges, and a history of having difficulty coping with technically adequate mandibular dentures made within the last 2 years were recruited. Mark II Branemark implants were placed using a single stage surgical technique with healing abutments placed at time of surgery. Mandibular complete dentures were modified by relieving the areas over the abutments and a resilient liner was placed. After a period of 3 months, healing abutments were replaced with ball abutments and new complete dentures were made and the patients followed for a period of 2 years. Patients completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and answered further questions relating to the functional and psychological impact of complete denture wearing before treatment and 3 months after the dentures were provided. Patients additionally completed the GHQ 2 years after overdenture insertion. Results: Six patients suffered from loss of one of their two implants in the first 2 years after placement. Three of the implants had failed to osseointegrate, which was detected at initial loading 3 months after placement. General Health Questionnaire scores were statistically significantly reduced after treatment and the improvement was maintained over 2 years. Responses to the functional and psychological questions were similarly improved. Conclusion: Single stage surgery led to a higher rate of implant failure than expected. Patients showed significant psychological health benefits from the treatment provided.
Effect of an essential oilcontaining antiseptic mouthrinse on plaque and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels
Authors: Fine D. H. , Furgang D. , Barnett M. L. , Drew C. , Steinberg L. , Charles C. H. , Vincent J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Clinical studies in which antimicrobial mouthrinses were shown to have significant antiplaque activity most frequently have used gingivitis as the clinically relevant endpoint. However, there is evidence to suggest that mouthrinses containing active agents effective against Streptococcus mutans, such as chlorhexidine, may also have a rôle in inhibiting dental caries. This clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of 2×‐daily rinsing with an essential oilcontaining antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine® Antiseptic) on levels of recoverable S. mutans and total streptococci in supragingival interproximal plaque and in saliva. Additionally, a follow‐up in vitro study is reported which determined whether a differential susceptibility to the antiseptic mouthrinse exists among different strains of streptococci.Method: Following baseline saliva and plaque sampling for quantification of recoverable S. mutans and total streptococci, 29 qualifying subjects were randomly assigned either the essential oil mouthrinse or a sterile water control. They rinsed with 20 ml for 30 s 2×daily for 11 days and once on the 12th day, in addition to their usual oral hygiene procedures. On day 12, saliva and plaque samples were again collected and microbiological quantification performed. The procedures were repeated with the alternate rinse after a 1‐week washout period.Results: The essential oil mouthrinse produced respective reductions of 69.9% and 75.4% in total recoverable streptococci and in S. mutans in plaque, and corresponding reductions of 50.8% and 39.2% in saliva. The in vitro study revealed that streptococci from the mutans group were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of the essential oil mouthrinse than streptococci from the mitis group.Conclusions: As antimicrobial mouthrinses are most frequently recommended to patients whose mechanical oral hygiene procedures are not adequate for the control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis, this study provides an additional rationale for the inclusion of the essential‐oil mouthrinse as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene procedures.
Periodontal flap surgery with 25% metronidazole gel
Authors: Needleman Ian G. , Collins Angela M. , Moles David R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this 12‐month, randomised controlled, single‐blind, parallel‐arm study, was to test whether local application of a slow‐release antimicrobial might exert an adjunctive effect on healing following periodontal surgery.Materials and Methods:Following non‐surgical therapy, 43 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis, had at least 1 pocket 6 mm with bleeding on probing (BOP). Treatment consisted of modified Widman surgery with no osseous resection. The test group (T) received gel application over the exposed root surface and the control group (C) received no gel, followed by flap closure.Results: 38 patients completed the study: 5 patients did not attend at 12 months and could not be traced. Surgery was very successful in both groups in improving probing depths (mean baseline: T=7.4 mm, C=7.1 mm; 12 months T=3.7 mm, C=3.5 mm) and relative attachment levels (baseline: T=10.3 mm, C=10.1 mm; 12 months T=8.2 mm, C=8.8 mm). Differences between groups were not significant at 12 months, although the improvements within groups between baseline and 12 months were highly statistically significant (p<0.01). Plaque and BOP levels were low in both groups after treatment.Conclusion: MWF surgery was effective in establishing the periodontal health of sites with advanced disease and this study was unable to detect an additional benefit to using a 25% metronidazole gel.
Periodontal healing after intentional auto‐alloplastic reimplantation of injured immature upper front teeth
Authors: Pohl Yango , Filippi Andreas , Tekin Ugur , Kirschner Horst 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims:Conventional endodontic treatment results in high complication quota when performed in immature teeth. Intentional reimplantation with extraoral insertion of an endodontic implant (auto‐alloplastic reimplantation) is an alternative.Method: In a retrospective study, the healing of 40 teeth reimplanted intentionally according to this method in patients aged 7 to 15 years was evaluated. Clinical tests (palpation, percussion sound, periotest values) and radiographical examinations were used to determine the type of periodontal healing (inflammatory resorption/periodontitis apicalis; replacement resorption/ankylosis; normal healing).Results: Mean lifetime of the replanted teeth was 59.2±42.5 months, estimated survival time on the basis of the Kaplan‐Meier analysis was 99.5 months. 17 teeth (42.5%) were classified as failures, mostly due to inflammatory resorption or periodontitis apicalis. Further investigations demonstrated that success rate and retention period of intentionally replanted teeth depend on the preoperative condition of the pulp. Teeth with preoperative infection suffered frequently from inflammatory resorption or periodontitis apicalis after being replanted (14 of 28 teeth). Estimated survival time according to Kaplan‐Meier was 75.5 months. In contrast, inflammations or progressive resorptions were not observed in teeth without preoperative infection of the pulp. All these 12 teeth showed normal periodontal healing and regular tooth mobility. In the absence of any pathology in clinical or radiological findings after an average functional period of 72.3 months, the prognosis can be presumed excellent. Estimated survival time of 148.3 months according to Kaplan‐Meier differs significantly from survival time of teeth infected preoperatively.Conclusions: From the results of this investigation, it may be concluded that an infection of the pulp – due to delay of treatment or attempts at endodontic therapy – should be avoided before intentional replantation of immature front teeth with pulp necrosis. Periodontal healing of the autologous root is not impaired by the insertion of posts made of Al2O3‐ceramics or titanium. The inserted posts do not ankylose. Orthodontic movement of auto‐alloplastically replanted teeth is possible.
Determination of the in situ bactericidal activity of an essential oil mouthrinse using a vital stain method
Authors: Pan P. , Barnett M. L. , Coelho J. , Brogdon C. , Finnegan M. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Recent research has indicated that bacteria within a biofilm may undergo changes in susceptibility to antimicrobial agents when compared to planktonic forms. This study was conducted to determine the bactericidal effect of an essential oil‐containing mouthrinse (Listerine® Antiseptic) on dental plaque bacteria in situ.Methods: 1‐day‐old plaque in 17 subjects was sampled at baseline from the buccal surfaces of diagonally contralateral maxillary and mandibular bicuspids and 1st molars. Subjects were then randomly assigned either an essential oil mouthrinse or a sterile saline negative control and rinsed under supervision with 20 ml for 30 s. 30 min later, plaque was sampled from the remaining contralateral posterior teeth. Subjects repeated these procedures with their respective alternate rinse after 1 week. Pooled plaque samples from each subject at each sampling period were stained with a commercially‐available fluorescent stain which fluoresces live and dead bacteria green and red, respectively. The stained plaque specimens were analyzed using computerized image analysis. A separate in vitro study was conducted to determine the relationship between the % red stain per sample and bacterial viability.Results: Analysis of vital stained plaque specimens indicated that following rinsing with the essential oil mouthrinse, 78.7% of bacteria were dead compared to 27.9% following rinsing with the negative control (p<0.001). The in vitro findings demonstrated that the % red stain per sample is reflective of actual bacterial kill.Conclusions: This study confirms the findings of previous in vitro and in vivo studies which demonstrated the essential oil mouthrinse to have significant biocidal activity against oral micro‐organisms. These studies all support the primacy of a bactericidal mechanism in producing the plaque and gingivitis reductions observed in numerous clinical trials conducted on the essential oil mouthrinse.
A laboratory and clinical investigation comparing 2 oscillating/rotating electric toothbrushes
Authors: Danser M. M. , Driesen G. M. , Timmerman M. F. , Van Der Velden U. , Van Der Weijden G. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of plaque removal by 2 different toothbrushes in a laboratory model and in a clinical study.Method: The 2 brushes used were the Philips/Jordan HP 735® and the Braun Oral‐B Ultra Plaque Remover® (D9). Both were compared in a laboratory study (using a robot system) and a short‐term clinical study. For the laboratory study, plaque substitute was applied to the artificial teeth of ten typodonts, which were cleaned by a robot for 2 min. The remaining plaque substitute was measured on buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces, as well as gumline and interproximal sites, using a computerized vision system. The clinical study included 23 non‐dental students. All subjects received a single oral prophylaxis and were asked not to brush their teeth for 48 h prior to their appointment. After the amount of plaque had been evaluated at 6 sites per tooth, subjects brushed in a random split‐mouth order with the 2 electric toothbrushes, after which the amount of plaque was re‐evaluated.Results: The results of the laboratory study showed that, for all surfaces combined, the mean removal of plaque substitute for both brushes was the same. However, at the vestibular and the approximal vestibular surfaces, the reduction in plaque substitute was significantly higher (p<0.01) with the Braun toothbrush compared to the Philips. In the clinical study, the mean overall plaque reduction for the Braun toothbrush (74%) was significantly higher than for the Philips (66%). Further analysis revealed that the significant difference in favour of the Braun brush was mainly due to plaque removal from the approximal vestibular and the approximal lingual sites.Conclusions: In conclusion, both the laboratory and clinical study show that the Braun Oral‐B Ultra Plaque Remover® (D9) is more effective than the Philips/Jordan HP 735®. Both study models indicate that this difference is greatest on the approximal vestibular surfaces.