bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative energetics of primate fetal growth
Authors: Ulijaszek Stanley J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAmong the primates, Homo sapiens has evolved a life history which includes long gestation, relatively slow growth to reproductive maturity, and large body size. While the slow growth rate may be linked to the energetic demands of having a large brain, there are other important morphological and physiological linkages that may be adaptive, including the development of significant fat stores with which to buffer against episodic and periodic energetic stress. In this comparative analysis of the energetic burden of pregnancy among primates (including humans), the daily energy investment in the development of neonatal tissue is modeled. During pregnancy, larger primates, notably the Hominidae, invest a smaller proportion of their maternal daily nonmaintenance energy budget in fetal tissue with increasing energy budget, allowing diverse adaptations, including foraging strategies which include folivory and mixed patterns of food getting, and meat consumption. Humans have a similar proportion of maternal daily nonmaintenance energy budget invested in fetal tissue with increasing energy budget to other apes and have a diet which is of much higher quality than predicted for body size and metabolic needs. The combination of high diet quality and low proportion of maternal daily nonmaintenance energy budget invested in fetal tissue allows greater brain size relative to body weight at birth compared with all other primates, apart from chimpanzees, and higher birthweight and body fatness at birth for a given body size than other primate species. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:603–608, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth charts for nose length, nasal protrusion, and philtrum length from birth to 97 years
Authors: Zankl Andreas , Eberle Lukas , Molinari Luciano , Schinzel Albert 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCraniofacial measurements are an integral part in the evaluation of a dysmorphic patient. Since the clinical impression can be misleading, dysmorphic features should be validated by quantitative criteria wherever possible. Anthropometric measurements have been used in the characterization of many dysmorphic syndromes. However, data on normal craniofacial measurements is sparse and incomplete. In this study, we present normal values for nose size and philtrum length based on measurements on 2,500 healthy individuals of central European origin, ranging in age from zero to 97 years. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary hypothyroidism and osteopenia associated with Neuhauser syndrome
Authors: Sarkozy Anna , Mingarelli Rita , Brancati Francesco , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe report on a patient affected by Neuhauser megalocornea‐mental retardation (MMR) syndrome, presenting with most of the major manifestations of this disorder, in association with primary hypothyroidism and osteopenia. These symptoms, previously reported in single patients, could be discrete features of MMR syndrome. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Greenberg dysplasia (hydrops–ectopic calcification–moth‐eaten skeletal dysplasia): Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and review of literature
Authors: Trajkovski Zoran , Vrcakovski Miodrag , Saveski Jordan , Gucev Zoran S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA second pregnancy of young, nonconsanguineous parents of Macedonian ethnic origin was examined by ultrasound. Polyhydramnios and hydrops fetalis were found as well as severe short limb, short stature, and cystic hygroma of the neck. An artificial abortion was performed at the age of 23 weeks. The radiological features included moth‐eaten severely shortened long bones and ectopic calcifications of long bones, vertebral column, ribs, pelvis, larynx, trachea. In addition, the fetus had large head with depressed nasal bridge, severe platyspondyly, and short barrel‐shaped trunk. Light microscopy demonstrated lack of chondrocyte columns and disorganization of the cartilaginous architecture. This is the seventh reported case of this rare form of lethal skeletal dysplasia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparently new osteodysplastic and primordial short stature with severe microdontia, opalescent teeth, and rootless molars in two siblings
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit N. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA Thai man and his sister affected with a newly recognized syndrome of proportionate primordial short stature are reported. The patients had severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, prominent nose and nasal bridge, small pinnae, large sella turcica, areas of hypo‐ and hyperpigmentation of skin, dry and thin scalp hair, and long and straight clavicles. Ivory epiphyses and cone‐shaped epiphyses of the hands were found when they were young, but most of them disappeared as they grew up. Scaphoid and trapezium had angular appearance. The second toes were unusually long. Distal symphalangism of toes and barchymesophalangy of fingers were noted. The findings that appear to distinguish this syndrome from the previously reported syndromes are long second toes, opalescent and rootless teeth, severe microdontia, severely hypoplastic alveolar process, and unerupted tooth. The mode of inheritance is suspected to be autosomal recessive. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tetrasomy Y by structural rearrangement: Clinical report
Authors: DesGroseilliers Martin , Lemyre Emmanuelle , Dallaire Louis , Lemieux Nicole 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPoly‐Y karyotypes, except for 47,XYY, are rare events in humans. For instance, Y chromosome tetrasomy has been reported 10 times, 2 of which were by structural rearrangement. We present a 2‐year‐and‐4‐month‐old boy who was referred for cytogenetic assessment because of global psychomotor delay. The GTG‐ and CBG‐banded karyotypes on PHA‐stimulated lymphocytes showed two cell populations, one of them contained two identical isodicentric Y chromosomes, which was seen in 93% of metaphases analyzed, and a 45,X cell line (7%). This was confirmed by FISH with probes DYZ3 (recognizing the centromeric region of the Y chromosome), 91H4.5 (recognizing Yp11.2), and DYZ1 (recognizing Y heterochromatin in Yq12). The breakpoint has occurred near the telomeric end of the heterochromatic region. Therefore, the karyotype is mos 47,X,idic(Y)(q12)x2[123]/45,X[9]. This is the second time that such a karyotype has been reported. This chromosomal anomaly was formed most likely by a U‐type exchange. Clinical features included speech delay, short stature, brachycephaly, large ears, bilateral epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, delayed teeth eruption, bilateral radio‐ulnar synostosis, bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly, normal external genitalia, and impulsive behavior. The father had normal phenotype and karyotype. A review of the tetrasomy Y patients is presented. All patients with Y chromosome tetrasomy exhibit some degree of mental retardation, various skeletal abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Nevertheless, the correlation between karyotype and phenotype is not yet well defined since few cases have been reported. This clinical report will be helpful in defining the phenotypic range associated with tetrasomy Y. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome: Clinical report of a 70‐year‐old woman
Authors: Verhoeven W.M.A. , Tuinier S. , Engelen J.J.M. , Hollanders‐Crombach H.T.M. , Curfs L.M.G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA clinical report is presented of a 70‐year‐old female in whom, after more than 40 years residential psychiatric care, the diagnosis of velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (VCFS) was ultimately established; the patient has a 46, XX.ish del (22)(q11.2q11.2)(D22S75‐) karyotype. It is advocated that a rather specific psychopathological profile is present in patients with VCFS, for which the term psychopathological phenotype is introduced, that should include data from genetics, neuropathology, development, psychology, and psychiatry. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Setleis syndrome: Three new cases and a review of the literature
Authors: McGaughran Julie , Aftimos Salim 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSetleis syndrome is characterized by cutis aplasia or atrophic skin at the temples, which is said to resemble forceps marks. There may also be a coarse facial appearance, anomalies of the eyelashes and eyebrows, and periorbital puffiness. The mouth has a typical appearance with large lips, inverted “V” contour, and downturned overly defined corners. Patients usually have normal intelligence. Here are presented three cases with features of Setleis syndrome. One is an apparently isolated case; the others are father and son. All three have developmental delay. This second family is a further example of autosomal dominant inheritance in Setleis syndrome. These patients also suggest that developmental problems may be a more common manifestation than previously described. Two of the patients are the first described of Pacific Island descent. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyst‐like cerebral lesions in tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Rott Hans‐Dieter , Lemcke Beate , Zenker Martin , Huk Walter , Horst Jürgen , Mayer Karin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractKnown brain manifestations of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) are cortical sclerotic tubera, giant cell astrocytomas, subependymal calcified nodules in the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles, and white matter heterotopias. In addition, small cyst‐like lesions in the white matter have been described. We report on three TSC patients with hitherto undescribed large cyst‐like cerebral lesions in subcortical and white matter locations. We emphasize that cystoid brain degeneration is a rare but typical cerebral manifestation of TSC and suggest that, in patients with such lesions, TSC should be taken into consideration. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contexts and behavioral correlates of trill vocalizations in wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Gros‐Louis Julie 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPrimate vocalizations that appear to occur independently of specific contexts typically are considered to be contact calls. However, results from several recent studies indicate that these calls function to facilitate social interactions. White‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) emit a high‐frequency vocalization, termed a “trill,” in social interactions and during travel. In this study, immatures emitted most trills, but adult females also trilled; by contrast, adult males rarely trilled. Infants emitted the majority of trills, and they trilled at significantly higher rates than adult females. Infants trilled most when approaching other individuals. Furthermore, infants emitted proportionately more trills than other age classes when approaching other individuals. I therefore focused on the detailed context and immediate behavioral correlates of trilling by infants. Infants that trilled when approaching others tended to interact affiliatively with them subsequently (i.e., climbing on, touching, receiving grooming, and performing food inspection) more than infants that did not trill when approaching. Therefore, infant trilling may have had an immediate effect on the recipient's behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 57:189–202, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosomal homologies between Cebus and Ateles (Primates) based on ZOO‐FISH and G‐banding comparisons
Authors: García F. , Ruiz‐Herrera A. , Egozcue J. , Ponsà M. , Garcia M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractZOO‐FISH (Fluorescent “in vitro” hybridization) was used to establish the chromosomal homology between humans (HSA) and Cebus nigrivitatus (CNI) and Ateles belzebuth hybridus (ABH). These two species belong to different New World monkey families (Cebidae and Atelidae, respectively) which differ greatly in chromosome number and in chromosome morphology. The molecular results were followed by a detailed banding analysis. The ancestral karyotype of Cebus was then determined by a comparison of in situ hybridization results, as well as chromosomal morphology and banding in other Platyrrhini species. The karyotypes of the four species belonging to the genus Cebus differ from each other by three inversions and one fusion as well as in the location and amounts of heterochromatin. Results obtained by ZOO‐FISH in ABH are in general agreement with previous gene‐mapping and in situ hybridization data in Ateles, which show that spider monkeys have highly derived genomes. The chromosomal rearrangements detected between HSA and ABH on a band‐to‐band basis were 27 fusions/fissions, 12 centromeric shifts, and six pericentric inversions. The ancestral karyotype of Cebus was then compared with that of Ateles. The rearrangements detected were 20 fusions/fissions, nine centromeric shifts, and five inversions. Atelidae species are linked by a fragmentation of chromosome 4 into three segments forming an association of 4/15, while Ateles species are linked by 13 derived associations. The results also helped clarify the content of the ancestral platyrrhine karyotype and the mode of chromosomal evolution in these primates. In particular, associations 2/16 and 5/7 should be included in the ancestral karyotype of New World monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 57:177–188, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement in the adhesion of polyimide/epoxy joints using various curing agents
Authors: Hun Kim Seong , Woo Lee Dong , Chung Kyung‐Ho , Ki Park Jae , Jaung Jae‐Yun , Hoon Jeong Sung 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn improvement in the adhesion strength of polyimide/epoxy joints was obtained by (1) introducing a functional group on the polyimide surface, (2) improving the mechanical properties of the epoxy adhesive, (3) increasing the curing temperature, and (4) using polyamic acid as an adhesion‐promoting layer. The functional group on polyimide was introduced via treatment with aqueous KOH. An adhesion‐promoting layer was formed by spin coating polyamic acid onto a modified polyimide surface. The maximum adhesion strength of the polyimide/epoxy joint was obtained using polyamic acid as both the adhesion‐promoting layer and as the curing agent. The surface energy of the modified polyimide was examined using contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the peel strength was determined by the T‐peel method. The peeled surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 812–820, 2002
Spinnability and physical properties of in situ composite fibers based on thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer
Authors: He Xiaojun , Ellison Michael S. , Paradkar Rajesh P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn situ composite fibers based on poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN) and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (Vectra A950) were prepared using a single‐screw extruder. The fibers were taken up at selected speeds. The spinnability, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and morphologies of the PEN/Vectra A950 blend were investigated. The results showed that the PEN/Vectra A950 blends were partly miscible, and the miscibility increased with the increased concentration of Vectra in the blend. The DSC measurements indicated that Vectra enhanced the crystallization process of PEN by performing as a nucleating agent. The Instron tensile property study, coupled with scanning electron microscopy, revealed that the mechanical properties of the PEN matrix were significantly improved when Vectra existed as long and continuous fibrils. The laser Raman results showed that the Vectra orientation began to develop at take‐up speeds above 500 m/min. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 795–811, 2002
Properties and toughening of heat‐resistant thermosets based on unsaturated ester resins
Authors: Canelas Dorian A. , Abbey Kirk J. , Fentress Emily 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe describe our investigations of the curing chemistry and properties of heat‐resistant thermosets comprised of unsaturated ester resins. We suggest a mechanism for the rearrangement of the cured matrix and volatile evolution during the curing process. We employed dielectric spectroscopy (DES) as a tool for monitoring the extent of cure, determining glass‐transition temperatures, and evaluating electrical properties of the resins. We compare and contrast results obtained by DES to results obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Fracture testing showed that improvements were made in the toughness of these materials by blending the uncured resin with impact modifiers such as hydrocarbon or silicone reactive rubber adducts or poly(arylene ether sulfone)‐based thermoplastic oligomers. We determined the effects of the thermoplastic toughening additive's molecular weight, concentration, and endgroup functionality on the phase separation, thermal stability, and fracture toughness of the blend. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 821–843, 2002
Biodegradable polymers based on renewable resources. VI. Synthesis and biodegradability of poly(ester carbonate)s containing 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐glucitol and sebacic acid units
Authors: Okada Masahiko , Yokoe Makito , Aoi Keigo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPoly(ester carbonate)s with different compositions were synthesized by bulk polycondensation of 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐glucitol with diphenyl sebacate and diphenyl carbonate in the presence of zinc acetate as a catalyst. Most of the poly(ester carbonate)s as well as the corresponding polycarbonate were amorphous, except the poly(ester carbonate) with a small carbonate content and the corresponding polyester, which are semicrystalline. All these poly(ester carbonate)s are soluble in chloroform, pyridine, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N‐dimethylacetamide. Soil burial degradation tests, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) measurements in an activated sludge, and enzymatic degradation tests indicated that these poly(ester carbonate)s are potentially biodegradable. The biodegradability was found to be maximum for the poly(ester carbonate)s with carbonate contents of 10–20 mol % and to decrease markedly for the poly(ester carbonate)s with the carbonate content above 50 mol %. The biodegradability of the poly(ester carbonate)s is discussed in terms of the crystallinity, glass transition temperature, and surface hydrophobicity of the polymer films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 872–880, 2002
Influence of particle surface properties on film formation from precipitated calcium carbonate/latex blends
Authors: Tang Jiansheng , Daniels Eric S. , Dimonie Victoria L. , Klein Andrew , El‐Aasser Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe surface properties of films prepared from a blend of precipitated calcium carbonate pigment (PCC) and poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐n‐butyl acrylate) [P(BMA/BA); Tg = 0°C] latex were investigated in terms of the surface characteristics of the PCC and P(BMA/BA) latex particles. It was found that the presence of carboxyl groups on the P(BMA/BA) latex particles significantly improved the uniformity of the distribution of the PCC particles within the P(BMA/BA) copolymer matrix and the gloss of the resulting films. This phenomenon could be explained by an acid‐base reaction between the PCC particles and the carboxylated P(BMA/BA) latex particles. Studies on the influence of the composition of PCC/P(BMA/BA) latex blends on the gloss and transparency of the films were also performed, which led to the determination of the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) of this system, which was found to be 42 vol %. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 891–900, 2002
Fundamental adsorption properties of chitosan gel particles prepared by suspension evaporation method
Authors: Igarashi Keiji , Nakano Yoshio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractChitosan gel particles were prepared by the suspension evaporation method, and their fundamental adsorption properties have been investigated. The chitosan gel particles were spherical in shape, 150 μm in diameter, and had large macropores, about 2 μm in diameter, formed by the polymer networks. The adsorption properties were evaluated from an interaction viewpoint using anionic surfactants having various numbers of carbon atoms, ethylbenzenesulfonate (EBS), octylbenzenesulfonate (OBS), and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS). The pKa values of the amino groups within the gel particles were remarkably small compared with those of chitosan polymer. EBS, with its short hydrophobic chain, was adsorbed mainly by an electrostatic interaction in the pH range 3.0 to 6.0, where the amino groups were dissociated. On the contrary, the adsorption of OBS and DBS, with their relatively long hydrophobic chains, took place via an electrostatic interaction in the pH range 3.0 to 5.0, and then by a hydrophobic interaction in the presence of an electrostatic interaction in the pH range 5.0 to 8.0. We conclude that an electrostatic interaction is essential, even for the adsorption of surfactants having strong hydrophobic interactions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 901–906, 2002
Plasma‐induced surface modification and adhesion enhancement of polypropylene surface
Authors: Bhat N. V. , Upadhyay D. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUnoriented (UPP) and biaxially oriented (BOPP) polypropylene films were treated under radio frequency plasma of air, nitrogen, oxygen, and ammonia. Surface modification of polypropylene films was investigated by using surface energy measurement and attenuated total reflection (ATR)‐FTIR spectroscopy. Surface energy of air and nitrogen plasma‐treated polypropylene film increased for shorter treatment time and then decreased and attained an equilibrium value. Such changes in surface energy were not observed for oxygen and ammonia plasma‐treated polypropylene film, which increased to an equilibrium value. ATR‐FTIR studies revealed characteristic differences in the absorption spectra for short‐duration and long‐duration treatments. From the relative intensity change in the C—H stretching vibration, the mechanism of surface chemical reaction could be inferred. Studies regarding the durability of surface modification due to plasma treatment were evaluated by investigating surface energy of samples aged for 2 months. Treated films subjected to peel strength measurement showed improvement in bondability for UPP and BOPP film by hydrophilic surface modification accompanied by surface crosslinking. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 925–936, 2002
Thermal degradation kinetics of para‐substituted poly (styrene peroxide)s in solution
Authors: De Priyadarsi , Chattopadhyay Sujay , Madras Giridhar , Sathyanarayana D. N. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe thermal degradation of three polymeric peroxides of styrene monomers with substituents in the para position was studied at various temperatures (65, 75, 85, and 95°C). A continuous distribution model was used to evaluate the rate coefficients for the random‐chain and chain‐end scission degradation from the evolution of molecular weight distributions with time. The activation energy determined from the temperature dependence of the rate coefficients was in the range 18–22 kcal mol−1. This result suggests that the thermal degradation of polyperoxide is controlled by the dissociation of the O—O bonds in the polymer backbone. The thermal stability for poly(p‐methylstyrene peroxide) lies in between that of poly(p‐tert‐butylstyrene peroxide) (highest) and poly(p‐bromostyrene peroxide) (lowest). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 957–961, 2002