bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of process parameters on ageing and free vibration characteristics of fiber-reinforced polymer composites by fusion filament fabrication process
Authors: Karupaiah Vigneshwaran , Narayanan Venkateshwaran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fused filament fabrication is a promising additive manufacturing technology and an alternative to traditional processes for the fabrication of polymer and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In this work, the effects of process parameters such as layer thickness, infill density, and infill pattern on the ageing and free vibration characteristics of three-dimensional printed composites were investigated. It was observed that the water absorption rate is higher in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) printed specimens compared to carbon fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF/ABS) specimens due to the effect of carbon fiber which acts as a strong hydrophobic material. The free vibration characteristic of the printed composite specimen is found as per American Society for Testing Materials standards. From the results, it is found that the 5 % addition of carbon fiber, hexagonal pattern, and 0.30 mm layer thickness show an increase in the vibration behaviour of the composites compared to the specimen printed without reinforcement. Experimental modal analysis was carried out on a cantilever beam-like sample and revealed that the addition of fiber has enhanced natural frequencies and damping ratio.
Crystal structure of diethyl 1,9-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-4,6-diphenylhexahydro-3H-2,7,3,5-(epimethanetriyliminomethanetriyl)cyclopenta [b]pyridine-3,7(2H)-dicarboxylate, C40H36F2N2O4
Authors: Zhang Zi-Ang , Li Jun-Xiang , Lu Sen-Bao , Li Peng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
C40H36F2N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.8180(16) Å, b = 19.355(3) Å, c = 17.930(3) Å, β = 102.353(3)°, V = 3328.3(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0564, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1866, T = 296(2) K.
Fetuin A and fetuin B as an indicator of liver fibrosis in hepatitis B
Authors: Şenol Arzu , Özer Balin Şafak , Aşçı Toraman Zülal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of fetuin A and fetuin B in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBe Ag-negative chronic infection (HCI) and the relationship between the levels of these proteins and fibrosis in CHB.

Methods
In this study, we examined 98 patients with CHB, 58 with HCI and 42 control groups. Fetuin A and B levels were determined via ELISA.

Results
Serum fetuin A and B levels were significantly higher in the control group than the hepatitis B cases (p=0.001). No significant difference in fetuin A and B levels between patients in the CHB and HCI. In the CHB, fetuin A level was significantly lower in patients with significant fibrosis than those with mild fibrosis (p=0.007). Fetuin B was lower in patients with significant fibrosis than in with mild fibrosis; however, this difference was not significant. In predicting the absence of significant fibrosis, the area under the curve was estimated as 0.855 for fetuin A and 0.866 for fetuin B using the ROC curve.

Conclusions
Fetuin A and B were lower in CHB and HCI compared to the control group and there was no difference between the two groups suggests that these proteins may be effective in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B-induced liver damage. Fetuin A and B, which are found to be lower in patients with significant fibrosis in CHB, can be used as non-invasive markers in the early detection of fibrosis and in the follow-up of progression to significant fibrosis.
Highlighting non-covalent interactions to molecular structure, electronic and vibrational spectra in a new hybrid organic-inorganic cobalt complex: synthesis, experimental and computational study
Authors: Tahenti Meriam , ISSAOUI Noureddine , Roisnel Thierry , Kazachenko Aleksandr S. , Iramain Maximiliano A. , Brandan Silvia Antonia , Al-Dossary Omar , Kazachenko Anna S. , Marouani Houda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, a novel hybrid organic-inorganic compound, 4-(ammoniummethyl)pyridinium tetracholoraobaltate(II) monohydrate, with non-centrosymmetric properties have been synthesized and characterized by several techniques of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared IR and UV–Visible spectroscopies, and calorimetric (DSC) and the thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The crystallization of this hybrid compound was found in a monoclinic system with a P21 space group. Additionally, the optimized structures of cation, anion and compound by using hybrid B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) and 6-31+G(d) basis sets shown good correlations with the experimental data and the complete vibrational assignments and force constants are reported for three species. The surface morphology and the micrographs were checked by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV–Visible absorption spectrum has been used to study the optical properties and the energy gap of our compound. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis associated matched up with 2D fingerprint plots were used to confirm the existence of intermolecular and non-covalent interactions in the compound and confirmed by several topological approaches: Quantum Theory of Atom-in-Molecules (QTAIM), reduced density gradient (RDG) and molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEP). The frontier molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO have been investigated for chemical reactivity and kinetic stability.
Effects of Upper-Body and Lower-Body Conditioning Activities on Postactivation Performance Enhancement During Sprinting and Jumping Tasks in Female Soccer Players
Authors: Santos da Silva Vinicius , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Gantois Petrus , Nogueira Gouveia João Nuno , Peña Javier , Beato Marco , Abade Eduardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Santos da Silva, V, Nakamura, FY, Gantois, P, Nogueira Gouveia, JN, Peña, J, Beato, M, and Abade, E. Effects of upper-body and lower-body conditioning activities on postactivation performance enhancement during sprinting and jumping tasks in female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 342–349, 2024—This study aimed to investigate the postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) effects of “specific” (half-back squat) and “nonspecific” (bench press) conditioning activities on sprinting and jumping performances in female soccer players. Fourteen players (mean ± SD: age = 22.3 ± 4.0 years; body mass = 60.2 ± 7.8 kg; height = 164.1 ± 4.2 cm) competing at national level (first League) participated in this within-subject crossover study. The players performed a warm-up protocol including 3 sets of 3 repetitions of half-back-squat or bench press exercises at 90% 1RM or a warm-up protocol without lifting weights (i.e., control condition). Forty-meter shuttle sprints (20 + 20 m with change of direction [COD-180°]), countermovement jump (CMJ), and horizontal jump (HJ) performances were recorded 6 minutes after the conditioning activities protocols or the control condition. Nonsignificant large positive effects were found for the HJ after the half-back-squat (ES = 1.68; p > 0.05) and bench press (ES = 1.68; p > 0.05) protocols. Although nonsignificant, HJ changes (Δ = 0.07 m) were greater than the smallest worthwhile change (0.02 m) and standard error of measurement (0.03 m) after both conditioning activities. Moreover, no significant changes were found for sprint and CMJ performance after neither half-back-squat nor bench press protocols (p > 0.05). In conclusion, both specific and nonspecific conditioning activities using heavy loads (i.e., 90% 1RM) may be suitable to enhance individual HJ. Finally, both conditioning activities are potentially ineffective for increasing sprint and CMJ performance in the context of this study.
Effects of 56-Kilogram Kettlebell Swing Endpoint on Total Body Mechanics
Authors: Ross James A. , Keogh Justin W. L. , Lorenzen Christian , Lake Jason 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ross, JA, Keogh, JWL, Lorenzen, C, and Lake, J. Effects of 56-kilogram kettlebell swing endpoint on total body mechanics. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—In the past 2 decades, kettlebell training popularity has increased and the range of kettlebells has expanded to 2–92 kg. However, commercially available kettlebells above 56 kg have 12 kg increments, so alternatives to load are required to provide a suitable way of increasing training stimulus until the athlete is strong enough for a load increase. This study aimed to determine the differences in the force plate–derived biomechanical characteristics of heavy kettlebell swings to 3 different heights, as altering the height of the kettlebell swing may be one way to alter the mechanical demands with the same kettlebell mass. Fifteen resistance-trained men performed the kettlebell swing to acromion process height (AH), acromion process height + 20% (AH+20), and acromion process height—20% (AH-20). Swing height significantly affected vertical braking and propulsion phase net impulse and displacement, vertical braking velocity, and braking and propulsion work but not braking and propulsion duration. Altering kettlebell swing trajectory endpoint is a method to regress/progress the demands of kettlebell training. Coaches may be able to alter the acute demands and likely chronic adaptations of kettlebell training by prescribing different swing heights and kettlebell masses to their athletes.
Discrete Hamstring: Quadriceps Strength Ratios Do Not Represent Angle-Specific Ratios in Premier League Soccer Players
Authors: Lunn David E. , Nicholson Gareth , Cooke Mark , Crespo Rubén , Robinson Tom , Price Rob J. , Walker Josh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lunn, DE, Nicholson, G, Cooke, M, Crespo, R, Robinson, T, Price, RJ, and Walker, J. Discrete hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios do not represent angle-specific ratios in Premier League soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study compared angle-specific hamstring:quadriceps (H:Q) ratios with their discrete counterparts during strength testing in professional male soccer players. Twenty-seven professional English Premier League soccer players were recruited for this study (age: 22 ± 4 years; stature: 1.81 ± 0.08 m; body mass: 74.7 ± 6.5 kg). Isokinetic testing of the knee flexors and extensors was conducted concentrically at two angular velocities (60° and 240°·s−1) and eccentrically (for the knee flexors only) at 30°·s−1. Conventional H:Q ratio was calculated as the ratio between peak joint moment in the flexors and extensors at 60°·s−1. Functional H:Q ratio was calculated as the peak joint moment in the flexors during the eccentric condition and the extensors at 240°·s−1. Discrete conventional and functional H:Q ratios were 0.56 ± 0.06 and 1.28 ± 0.22, respectively. The residual differences between discrete values and angle-specific residual values were 13.60 ± 6.56% when normalized to the magnitude of the discrete value. For the functional ratios, the normalized residual was 21.72 ± 5.61%. Therefore, neither discrete ratio was representative of angle-specific ratios, although the conventional ratio had lower error overall. Therefore, practitioners should consider H:Q ratio throughout the full isokinetic range of motion, not just the discrete ratio calculated from peak joint moments, when designing and implementing training programs or monitoring injury risk, recovery from injury, and readiness to return to play.
Changes in Body Composition and Athletic Performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Field Hockey Athletes Throughout a Competitive Season
Authors: Summer Luanna C. , Cheng Ryan , Moran Jay T. , Lee Michael , Belanger Anthony J. , Taylor Walter L. , Gardner Elizabeth C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Summer, LC, Cheng, R, Moran, JT, Lee, M, Belanger, AJ, TaylorIV, WL, and Gardner, EC. Changes in body composition and athletic performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female field hockey athletes throughout a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 146–152, 2024—The purposes of this study were (a) to analyze the changes in total and regional body composition measurements in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female field hockey team throughout a 17-game competitive season using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); (b) to examine improvements, if any, in athletic performance measures after a season; and (c) to report on the relationship between these body composition changes and changes in athletic performance. Preseason and postseason dual-energy DXA and performance data from the 2019–2020 season were retrospectively identified for 20 field players (forwards, midfielders, and defenders). Body composition data included total and regional fat mass, lean mass, and body fat percentage, whereas athletic performance measures included the vertical jump, 10-yard dash, and pro-agility (5-10-5) shuttle run. All variables were quantitative and analyzed using paired t-tests or its nonparametric equivalent and an alpha level of p < 0.05 was used to determine significance. After a competitive season, athletes had significant decreases in fat mass and increases in lean mass in their arms, legs, trunks, gynoids, and total body measurements. Android fat mass and body fat percentage also decreased. Athletes performed significantly better on the pro-agility shuttle run at the end of the season, but no significant differences were observed in other performance metrics. Moderate correlations were observed between changes in body composition (total fat mass and total lean mass) and changes in athletic performance. Our study provides a novel, longitudinal assessment of body composition and athletic performance for elite female field hockey athletes that will help trainers and coaches better understand how these variables change throughout a season and allow them to better prepare their players for competitive success.
Combining Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Heart Rate Variability Derived Thresholds to Estimate the Critical Intensity of Exercise
Authors: Fleitas-Paniagua Pablo R. , de Almeida Azevedo Rafael , Trpcic Mackenzie , Murias Juan M. , Rogers Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fleitas-Paniagua, PR, de Almeida Azevedo, R, Trpcic, M, Murias, JM, and Rogers, B. Combining near-infrared spectroscopy and heart rate variability derived thresholds to estimate the critical intensity of exercise. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): e16–e24, 2024—Critical intensity determination often requires costly tools and several testing sessions. Alternative approaches display relatively large individual variation. Therefore, simpler estimations with improved precision are needed. This study evaluated whether averaging the heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) responses associated with the muscle deoxyhemoglobin concentration breakpoint ([HHb]BP) and the heart rate variability (HRV) given by the detrended fluctuation analysis second threshold (HRVT2) during ramp incremental (RI) test improved the accuracy of identifying the HR and V̇O2 at the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Ten female and 11 male recreationally trained subjects performed a 15 W·minute−1 RI test. Gas exchange, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and RR interval were recorded to assess the RCP, [HHb]BP, and HRVT2. Heart rate (mean ± SD: 158 ± 14, 156 ± 13, 160 ± 14 and, 158 ± 12 bpm) and V̇O2 (3.08 ± 0.69, 2.98 ± 0.58, 3.06 ± 0.65, and 3.02 ± 0.60 L·minute−1) at the RCP, [HHb]BP, HRVT2, and HRVT2&[HHb]BP average (H&HAv), respectively, were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The linear relationship between H&HAv and RCP was higher compared with the relationship between [HHb]BP vs RCP and HRVT2 vs RCP for both HR (r = 0.85; r = 0.73; r = 0.79, p > 0.05) and V̇O2 (r = 0.94; r = 0.93; r = 0.91, p > 0.05). Intraclass correlation between RCP, [HHb]BP, HRVT2, and H&HAV was 0.93 for V̇O2 and 0.79 for HR. The [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 independently provided V̇O2 and HR responses that strongly agreed with those at the RCP. Combining [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 resulted in estimations of the V̇O2 and HR at the RCP that displayed smaller variability compared with each modality alone.
Strength and Power Thresholds to Identify High and Low Linear Sprint Speed Performers in Collegiate American Football Players
Authors: Philipp Nicolas M. , Crawford Derek A. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Fry Andrew C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Philipp, NM, Crawford, DA, Cabarkapa, D, and Fry, AC. Strength and power thresholds to identify high and low linear sprint speed performers in collegiate American football players. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 74–79, 2024—Lower-body strength and power are commonly measured performance qualities across a number of sports. In recent years, more attention has been given to relationships, primarily between lower-body strength and linear speed performance. While still limited, evidence is in agreement that lower-body strength positively contributes to linear speed performance. However, what is less well understood is if there comes a point in an athlete's development, at which, further working on increasing maximal strength may not fully compliment additional gains in speed performance. Within this study, authors aimed to provide practitioners with lower-body strength and power thresholds that can discriminate between slow and fast performers, within a group of collegiate American football players. The sample was further divided into a high-body and low-body weight group, and authors hypothesized that by using logistic regression, supplemented with receiver operator curve analyses, optimal cut-off points (i.e., relative lower-body strength thresholds) that are able to significantly discriminate between slow and fast linear speed performers may be identified. Findings indicate that optimal cut-off scores differed between the groups of athletes, as well as the lower body strength and power tests. All models were able to significantly distinguish between slower and faster performers, and area under the curve values ranged from 0.695 to 0.903. Although thresholds will likely vary based on factors such as sex, training age, and sport, findings from this investigation may be used to benchmark athletes and to further individualize training aimed at improving linear speed performance.
The Interunit Reliability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Apex (STATSports) Metrics During a Standardized Intermittent Running Activity
Authors: Beato Marco , Wren Cion , de Keijzer Kevin L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Beato, M, Wren, C, and de Keijzer, KL. The interunit reliability of global navigation satellite systems Apex (STATSports) metrics during a standardized intermittent running activity. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): e49–e55, 2024—This study aimed to evaluate the interunit reliability of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) STATSports Apex metrics and to assess which metrics can be used by practitioners for the monitoring of short-distance intermittent running activities. Fifty-four male soccer players were enrolled (age = 20.7 ± 1.9 years, body mass = 73.2 ± 9.5 kg, and height = 1.76 ± 0.07 m) in this observational study. 10-Hz GNSS Apex (STATSports, Northern Ireland, Newry) units recorded total distance, high speed running (HSR), accelerations, decelerations, peak speed, average metabolic power, metabolic distance, dynamic stress load (DSL), relative distance, and speed intensity. The standardized intermitted running protocol used was a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1. This study reported that Apex interunit analysis did not show any significant difference (delta difference and 95% confidence interval [CIs]) in total distance = 2.6 (−2.6; 7.9) m, HSR = 3.2 (−0.2; 6.8) m, accelerations = 0.09 (−0.9; 1.1), decelerations = 0.3 (−0.4; 1.1), peak speed = 0.02 (−0.03; 0.07) m·s−1, average metabolic power = 0.01 (−0.02; 0.04) W·kg−1, metabolic distance = 0.9 (−6.2; 8.0) m, DSL = 2.8 (−5.6; 10.7) au, relative distance = 0.14 (−0.19; 0.47) m·min−1, and speed intensity = 0.21 (−0.21; 0.64) au. All metrics presented a delta d between trivial to small. The interunit intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was good or excellent for all metrics, with the exception of DSL, which was considered questionable. In conclusion, this study reports that all the metrics analysis in this study presents a low interunit bias and high reliability (ICC), with the exception of DSL.
Acute Effect of Dynamic and Gluteal Resistance Exercise Warm-up Protocols on Jump Landing Mechanics in College-Aged Females
Authors: Rauseo Matthew L. , Feairheller Deborah L. , LaRoche Dain P. , Cook Summer B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rauseo, ML, Feairheller, DL, LaRoche, DP, and Cook, SB. Acute effect of dynamic and gluteal resistance exercise warm-up protocols on lower-extremity jump landing mechanics in college-aged females. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 259–265, 2024—Inadequate neuromuscular control of the femur by the gluteal musculature is associated with noncontact and overuse injuries to the knee. Acute bouts of resistance exercises targeting the gluteal musculature can be prescribed as part of a warm-up protocol with the goal of improving subsequent neuromuscular control and performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that a warm-up protocol including moderate-intensity gluteal resistance exercises (GRE) has on single leg jump landing biomechanics. Seventeen healthy, college-aged, recreationally active females (mean ± SD; age = 21.4 ± 1.9 years; height = 166.9 ± 5.7 cm; body mass = 62.5 ± 7.4 kg) performed 3 single leg hop trials per leg after completing no warm-up (CON), a dynamic warm-up (DWU), and a dynamic warm-up with gluteal resistance exercises (DWU + GRE) across 3 laboratory visits. Lower extremity kinetic and kinematic variables were assessed during single leg hops from the point of initial foot contact to deepest knee flexion. Biomechanical differences between dominant and nondominant limb landings were also assessed. Dominant limb hip internal rotation angle after DWU + GRE (2.03 ± 9.92°) was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) compared with CON (−3.36 ± 7.74°). Peak knee adduction moment (56.8%), peak knee flexion angle (5.7%), and peak knee external rotation angle (17.0%) were significantly greater (p ≤ 0.017) in the dominant limb, compared with the nondominant limb, across warm-up protocols. The combined DWU + GRE warm-up protocol did not have a substantial impact on landing biomechanics. Clinicians prescribing GRE before activity should not expect significant changes in movement patterns after a single bout.