bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase II trial of nivolumab followed by ipilimumab and nivolumab in advanced non‐clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Conduit Ciara , Davis Ian D. , Goh Jeffrey C. , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Gurney Howard , Harris Carole A. , Pook David , Krieger Laurence , Parnis Francis , Underhill Craig , Adams Diana , Roncolato Felicia , Joshua Anthony , Ferguson Tom , Prithviraj Prashanth , Morris Michelle , Harrison Michelle , Begbie Stephen , Hovey Elizabeth , George Mathew , Liow Elizabeth C. , Link Emma K. , McJannett Margaret , Gedye Craig ,   the Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP),   the UNISoN Investigators
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of sequential treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab following progression on nivolumab monotherapy in individuals with advanced, non‐clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC).Materials and MethodsUNISoN (ANZUP1602; NCT03177239) was an open‐label, single‐arm, phase 2 clinical trial that recruited adults with immunotherapy‐naïve, advanced nccRCC. Participants received nivolumab 240 mg i.v. two‐weekly for up to 12 months (Part 1), followed by sequential addition of ipilimumab 1 mg/kg three‐weekly for four doses to nivolumab if disease progression occurred during treatment (Part 2). The primary endpoint was objective tumour response rate (OTRR) and secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and toxicity (treatment‐related adverse events).ResultsA total of 83 participants were eligible for Part 1, including people with papillary (37/83, 45%), chromophobe (15/83, 18%) and other nccRCC subtypes (31/83, 37%); 41 participants enrolled in Part 2. The median (range) follow‐up was 22 (16–30) months. In Part 1, the OTRR was 16.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.5–26.7), the median DOR was 20.7 months (95% CI 3.7‐not reached) and the median PFS was 4.0 months (95% CI 3.6–7.4). Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 71% of participants; 19% were grade 3 or 4. For participants who enrolled in Part 2, the OTRR was 10%; the median DOR was 13.5 months (95% CI 4.8–19.7) and the median PFS 2.6 months (95% CI 2.2–3.8). Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 80% of these participants; 49% had grade 3, 4 or 5. The median OS was 24 months (95% CI 16–28) from time of enrolment in Part 1.ConclusionsNivolumab monotherapy had a modest effect overall, with a few participants experiencing a long DOR. Sequential combination immunotherapy by addition of ipilimumab in the context of disease progression to nivolumab in nccRCC is not supported by this study, with only a minority of participants benefiting from this strategy.
Efficacy of indocyanine green fluorescence‐guided inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer: a randomised trial
Authors: Yuan Peng , Xie Yu , Xu Ran , Li Yuanwei , Yao Kun , Liu Jianye , Yan Bin , Jiang Shusuan , Lu Qiang , Chen Qian , Zang Hongjing , Xiong Wei , Tang Yongxiang , Hu Shuo , Wang Long 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the safety and efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence‐guided inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in patients with penile cancer.Patients and MethodsA prospective, single‐blind, randomised controlled clinical trial (ChiCTR2100044584) was performed among patients with penile caner who underwent bilateral modified ILND at four centres in China between 1 April 2021 and 30 June 2022. Patients aged 18–80 years and diagnosed with squamous cell carcinomas were included. Each enrolled patient was randomly assigned to either ICG fluorescence‐guided ILND by a laparoscopic or robot‐assisted approach in one groin, with non‐ICG fluorescence‐guided ILND in the other groin acting as a control. The primary outcome was the number of retrieved ILNs. Secondary outcomes included complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification and the ILN non‐compliance (inadequate removal of ILNs) rate.ResultsA total of 45 patients were included in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis, and the 42 who completed the entire study were included in the per protocol (PP) analysis. There were no ICG‐related complications in any of the patients. The results of the ITT and PP analyses indicated that the total number of unilateral ILNs retrieved was higher on the ICG side than on the non‐ICG side (mean 13 vs 9 ILNs, difference 4 ILNs [95% CI 2.7–4.4], P = 0.007), and the number of unilateral deep and superficial ILNs was higher on the ICG side. Furthermore, the LN non‐compliance rate was lower on the ICG side than on the non‐ICG side. Additionally, there was no significant difference in local complications in the groins between the two sides (P > 0.05).ConclusionAn ICG fluorescence‐guided ILND was safe for patients with penile cancer. This procedure can improve the number of ILNs retrieved and reduce the LN non‐compliance rate without increased complications. ICG fluorescence‐guided ILND is beneficial and recommended for selected patients with penile cancer.
Modern pollen assemblages from the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau and their significance for reconstructions of past vegetation
Authors: Ma Linyuan , Li Zhiguang , Xu Qinghai , Li Hongmei , Zhang Kailong , Li Yuecong , Zhang Ruchun , Cao Xianyong , Zhang Shengrui 
Published: November 2023

We conducted a detailed field vegetation investigation combined with the collection of surface soil samples for pollen analysis in the alpine meadow and steppe vegetation zones (30 sites in each zone) in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau. Our objectives were to determine the source area of exotic pollen, the relationship between pollen percentages and the cover of the major plant taxa, and the characteristics of the pollen assemblages from surface soils and lake sediments and their vegetation significance. Our principal findings are: (i) the two vegetation zones are herbaceous although arboreal pollen types are present in the related pollen assemblages (2 and 16.8% in the alpine meadow and steppe zones, respectively); (ii) arboreal pollen is assumed to be transported mainly by the Indian monsoon from the forests of the southern Himalayan foothills or river valleys – the spatial distribution of the percentages and concentrations of arboreal pollen in the study sites shows that pollen concentrations have the strongest correlation with the Indian monsoon's variations; (iii) there are regional differences in (a) the relationship between pollen percentages and the cover of the main plant taxa and (b) the indicator plant taxa representative of pollen assemblages and vegetation types zones – the regional vegetation of the study region and pollen productivity variations between plant taxa are likely to be the main causes behind these differences; and (iv) the pollen assemblages from surface soils and lake sediments have similar characteristics and correspond well to the regional vegetation of the alpine meadow zone. In the alpine steppe zone, the pollen assemblages from surface soils and lake sediments are quite different, caused mainly by the over‐representation of Artemisia. Our study supplies a detailed description of pollen–vegetation relationships on the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau and provides scientific references for interpreting stratigraphic pollen assemblages and reconstructing regional vegetation.
Assessment of crestal bone loss and periodontal parameters of polymer infiltrated ceramic network versus lithium disilicate implant hybrid abutment crowns in the esthetic zone (A randomized clinical trial)
Authors: Mahmoud Inas Adel , ElTannir Adel Mohamed , Eissa Sherihan Mohamed , ElBasty Reham Said 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLithium disilicate can be reliable when restoring implants in the esthetic zone. However, it has a high elastic modulus. This might increase the amount of forces transmitted to the crestal bone.Aim of the StudyTo evaluate the crestal bone loss and peri‐implant periodontal parameters of polymer infiltrated ceramic network compared to lithium disilicate implant‐supported hybrid abutment crowns after 12 months of follow‐up.Methodology44 patients were enrolled. They were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 22). The first group received 22 implants restored with polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (Vitaenamic) hybrid abutment crowns. The second group received 22 implants restored with lithium disilicate (e.max) hybrid abutment crowns over immediately placed implants in the esthetic zone. Periapical radiographs were taken immediately after prosthetic placement and 1 year later utilizing a parallel technique, to assess crestal bone loss. Periodontal parameters were assessed after 1 year.ResultsRegarding crestal bone loss, a comparison between group I (Vitaenamic) and group II (e.max) was made by using an Independent t‐test, which showed an insignificant difference between them (p > 0.05). A comparison between groups I and II revealed insignificant differences regarding periodontal parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, visible plaque, and suppuration).ConclusionsRegarding bone stability and periodontal parameters, polymer infiltrated ceramic network and lithium disilicate hybrid abutment crowns showed comparable results. Both materials showed clinically acceptable hard and soft tissue responses.
Metabolic re‐programming of keratinocytes in response to contact allergens
Authors: Menzel Mandy , Mraz Veronika , Vaher Helen , Geisler Carsten , Menné Bonefeld Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common skin disease caused by the recognition of haptens by the immune system. Keratinocytes play an important role in the initiation and facilitation of inflammatory responses in ACD. Immune responses are associated with major changes in metabolism. However, metabolic re‐programming is not well studied in ACD; specifically, knowledge of metabolic alterations in structural cells is lacking.MethodsMetabolic re‐programming in ACD was studied using publicly available transcriptome datasets. Primary pooled keratinocytes and a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were stimulated with contact allergens, and inflammatory responses and expression of metabolic markers were measured by qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsACD is characterized by metabolic re‐programming with a metabolic profile similar to atopic dermatitis. Exposure to contact allergens causes a wide array of metabolic alterations. Stimulation of keratinocytes with contact allergens induced inflammatory responses typical for ACD and was associated with an up‐regulation of proteins representative for glucose uptake, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and to some extent arginine biosynthesis. Changes in these metabolic pathways were also observed when comparing lesional with non‐lesional contact dermatitis skin.ConclusionsACD is, similarly to other inflammatory skin diseases, characterized by metabolic re‐programming. Contact allergen exposure induces expression of a wide array of metabolic pathways, which is at least in part mediated through metabolic re‐programming of keratinocytes.
The role of warmed‐humidified carbon dioxide insufflation in colorectal surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sharma Sahil , McKechnie Tyler , Khamar Jigish , Wu Kathy , Hong Dennis , Eskicioglu Cagla 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance of normothermia is a crucial part of enhanced recovery after colorectal surgery. Dry‐cold carbon dioxide (CO2) traditionally used for insufflation in laparoscopic surgery and negative pressure operating theatres has been associated with intraoperative hypothermia. Studies suggest that use of warmed‐humidified CO2 may promote normothermia. However, due to a scarcity of high‐quality studies demonstrating a proven benefit on intraoperative core body temperature, its use in colorectal surgery remains limited. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of warmed‐humidified CO2 compared to traditional dry‐cold CO2, or ambient air in operating theatres, during colorectal surgery.MethodsA search of Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was performed. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared patients receiving warmed‐humidified CO2 with either dry‐cold CO2 insufflation in laparoscopic procedures or no insufflation during open surgery were included. The primary outcome was change in intraoperative core body temperature. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, operating time, return of gastrointestinal function, wound infection, and postoperative pain. A pairwise meta‐analysis was performed using inverse variance random effects.ResultsAmong the six RCTs included, 208 patients received warmed‐humidified CO2 (42.3% female, mean age: 65.8 years) and 210 patients received either dry‐cold CO2 in laparoscopic procedures or no gas insufflation during open procedures (46.2% female, mean age: 66.1 years). No significant difference was found for change in intraoperative core body temperature (MD = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.1, 0.11, p = 0.90, very low certainty). Patients in the warmed‐humidified CO2 group had significantly higher pain scores on postoperative day 1 (MD = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.91, 2.31, p < 0.05, very low certainty). No significant differences were found in any of the other secondary outcomes studied.ConclusionPatients undergoing colorectal surgery receiving warmed‐humidified CO2 do not experience any clinically meaningful difference in core body temperature change compared to their counterparts receiving dry‐cold CO2 insufflation or no insufflation. However, patients may report greater pain scores on postoperative day 1 with warmed‐humidified CO2. There is likely no clinically important difference between warmed‐humidified CO2 and dry‐cold CO2 for patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Patient, clinician, and institution factors should be considered when deciding between these two insufflation modalities.
Contextualizing sociodemographic differences in Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores
Authors: Gao Yufang , Wang Yiqing , Lee Andy T. L. , Liu Yuntian , Luo Yu , Orrick Kaggie , Alexander Justine Shanti , Sangpo Ju Tashi , Clark Susan G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFostering human–wildlife coexistence necessitates a thorough and nuanced grasp of local attitudes toward wildlife. Attitudes can vary substantially based on the sociodemographic backgrounds of individuals within a society. This study examines Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores, emphasizing the importance of contextualization in discerning the effects of sociodemographic factors on attitudes. We began by analyzing existing research on Tibetan attitudes toward wildlife in China, identifying previously studied sociodemographic variables. We then executed an online survey to evaluate the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and overall attitudes of ethnic Tibetans in China toward snow leopards (Panthera uncia), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and brown bears (Ursus arctos). Our findings show that while factors such as gender, age, religious identity, and level of education shape these attitudes, their influence differs depending on the specific attitude component and the target animal under examination. Therefore, making broad generalizations about sociodemographic differences in attitudes can be misleading. It is imperative for attitude research to clearly define the attitude component (what type of attitude), object (attitude toward what), and circumstance (attitude in which situation) being studied. Conducting ethnographic fieldwork in collaboration with local cultural experts can deepen our understanding of local perspectives and the ways sociodemographic factors influence attitudes. Such insights are pivotal for developing conservation strategies attuned to local sociocultural contexts.
Daily diary study of associations between alcohol, cannabis, co‐use and sleep quality in individuals with intentions to use cannabis to cope with anxiety
Authors: Sznitman Sharon R. , Martin‐Willett Renée , Ma WenHao , Karoly Hollis C. , Bidwell L. Cinnamon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionSleep problems and anxiety conditions are common comorbidities and may be influenced by cannabis and alcohol use. This study examined daily within‐person variation in subjective sleep quality among individuals with anxiety symptoms after cannabis or alcohol were used alone, and after co‐use.MethodsA total of 347 individuals with intentions to use cannabis to cope with anxiety reported their cannabis and alcohol use in the previous 24 h and their previous nights' sleep quality for 30 consecutive days. Mixed‐effects models examined whether the within‐person daily variation in use of cannabis and alcohol (alone and co‐use) was associated with subjective sleep quality. Models also examined whether daily cannabis and alcohol use associations with sleep were moderated by frequency of cannabis, alcohol and co‐use during the study period.ResultsCompared to non‐use, participants reported better sleep after cannabis‐use‐only and after co‐use, but not after alcohol‐use‐only. People who more frequently use alcohol and cannabis reported sleeping better after cannabis‐use‐only days compared to those who use cannabis and alcohol less frequently.Discussion and ConclusionsThe study's utilisation of naturalistic data among individuals with anxiety symptoms replicated previously reported experimental findings among individuals without sleep and anxiety problems that overall, cannabis is associated with higher subjective sleep quality. The results expand upon other research to suggest that more frequent use of alcohol and cannabis may moderate daily associations of cannabis use and sleep, potentially through pharmacokinetics and cross‐sensitisation.
Geographic tongue: What is this disease?
Authors: Horiuchi Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2023

SummaryGeographic tongue or benign migratory glossitis, is a unique and peculiar tongue condition, producing a map‐like appearance with filiform papillae atrophy, on different parts of the tongue. The lesions change in shape with time. The exact etiology remains unknown, although it has been suggested relating the lingual microbiota of a patient. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has long been pointed out, and histological similarities existed between both as well. Increasingly, recent findings suggest the involvement of certain oral bacteria. Here, we discuss these findings with an overview of the recent literature.
Explaining and predicting animal migration under global change
Authors: Howard Christine , Mason Tom H. E. , Baillie Stephen R. , Border Jennifer , Hewson Chris M. , Houston Alasdair I. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Bauer Silke , Willis Stephen G. , Stephens Philip A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany migratory species are declining due to global environmental change. Yet, their complex annual cycles make unravelling the impacts of potential drivers such as climate and land‐use change on migrations a major challenge. Identifying where, when and how threatening processes impact species' migratory journeys and population dynamics is crucial for identifying effective conservation actions. Here, we describe how a new migration modelling framework – Spatially explicit Adaptive Migration Models (SAMMs) – can simulate the optimal behavioural decisions required to migrate across open land‐ or seascapes varying in character over space and time, without requiring predefined behavioural rules. Models of adaptive behaviour have been used widely in theoretical ecology but have great untapped potential in real‐world contexts. Applying adaptive behaviour models across open environments will allow users to explore how migratory species may adapt their routes and usage of intermediate sites in response to environmental change. We outline how SAMMs can be used to model migratory journeys through aerial, terrestrial and aquatic environments, demonstrating their potential using a case study on the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) and comparing modelled to observed behaviours. SAMMs offer a tool to identify the key threats faced by migratory species, how they could adapt to future migratory journeys in response to changing environmental conditions and the consequences of not being able to adapt to change.
Children with dyslexia show no deficit in exogenous spatial attention but show differences in visual encoding
Authors: Ramamurthy Mahalakshmi , White Alex L. , Yeatman Jason D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the search for mechanisms that contribute to dyslexia, the term “attention” has been invoked to explain performance in a variety of tasks, creating confusion since all tasks do, indeed, demand “attention.” Many studies lack an experimental manipulation of attention that would be necessary to determine its influence on task performance. Nonetheless, an emerging view is that children with dyslexia have an impairment in the exogenous (automatic/reflexive) orienting of spatial attention. Here we investigated the link between exogenous attention and reading ability by presenting exogenous spatial cues in the multi‐letter processing task—a task relevant for reading. The task was gamified and administered online to a large sample of children (N = 187) between 6 and 17 years. Children with dyslexia performed worse overall at rapidly recognizing and reporting strings of letters. However, we found no evidence for a difference in the utilization of exogenous spatial cues, resolving two decades of ambiguity in the field. Previous studies that claimed otherwise may have failed to distinguish attention effects from overall task performance or found spurious group differences in small samples.Research Highlights
We manipulated exogenous visual spatial attention using pre‐cues in a task that is relevant for reading and we see robust task effects of exogenous attention.
We found no evidence for a deficit in utilizing exogenous spatial pre‐cues in children with dyslexia.
However, children with dyslexia showed reduced recognition ability for all letter positions.
Children with dyslexia were just as likely to make letter transposition errors as typical readers.
Impact of a 4‐week intensive track and field training intervention on glycaemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: The ChilDFiT1 study
Authors: Zimmer Rebecca T. , Birnbaumer Philipp , Sternad Christoph , Zunner Beate E. M. , Schierbauer Janis , Fritsch Maria , Fröhlich‐Reiterer Elke , Hofmann Peter , Sourij Harald , Aberer Felix , Moser Othmar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the safety and efficacy of track and field training compared with intensification of insulin treatment only in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsEighteen adolescents (seven females) with T1D were included (age 15.1 ± 1.1 years, HbA1c 7.3% ± 1.0% [56.3 ± 10.9 mmol/mol]). After a 4‐week observational control phase, participants were randomized to either stand‐alone intensive glycaemic management (IT; telemedicine or on‐site visits, three times/week) or additionally performed track and field exercise (EX; three 60‐minute sessions/week) for 4 weeks. Glycaemia was assessed via continuous glucose monitoring during observational control and intervention phases.ResultsTime in range (70‐180 mg/dL; 3.9‐10.0 mmol/L) significantly improved from the observational control phase to the exercise intervention phase in EX (69% ± 13% vs. 72% ± 11%, P = .049), but not in IT (59% ± 22% vs. 62% ± 16%, P = .399). Time below range 1 (54‐69 mg/dL; < 3.9 mmol/L) improved in IT (3.1% ± 1.9% vs. 2.0% ± 0.8%, P = .017) and remained stable in EX (2.0% ± 1.7 vs. 1.9% ± 1.1%, P = .999). The EX group's HbA1c ameliorated preintervention to postintervention (mean difference: ΔHbA1c −0.19% ± 0.17%, P = .042), which was not seen within the IT group (ΔHbA1c −0.16% ± 0.37%, P = .40). Glucose standard deviation was reduced significantly in EX (55 ± 11 vs. 51 ± 10 mg/dL [3.1 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 0.6 mmol/L], P = .011), but not in IT (70 ± 24 vs. 63 ± 18 mg/dL [3.9 ± 1.3 vs. 3.5 ± 1.0 mmol/L], P = .186).ConclusionTrack and field training combined with intensive glycaemic management improved glycaemia in adolescents with T1D, which was not observed in the non‐exercise group.