bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Composition and Technology of Capsules Containing Peony Evadiant Rhizomes and Roots Dry extract and Glycine
Authors: Zamakhaeva E. A. , Smirnova M. M. , Oleshko O. A. , Chirkova M. V. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The development of dosage forms of sedative action is an urgent task of pharmaceutical technology in view of the prevalence of diseases of the nervous system. Peony rhizomes and roots dry extract in combination with glycine have a sedative and anxiolytic effect, which is associated with an improvement in the psycho-emotional state. Taking into account the physicochemical characteristics and composition of biologically active substances of peony rhizomes and dry extract roots, it is necessary to select auxiliary substances that improve its technological properties.Aim. Development of the composition and technology of hard gelatin capsules containing dry peony rhizomes and roots, dry extract and glycine.Materials and methods. Objects of research – dry peony rhizomes and roots (LLC "Kazan Extract Plant", Russia), glycine (JSC "Biokhimik", Russia). Excipients: apple pectin (LLC TD "HIMMED", Russia), starch (LLC TD "HIMMED", Russia), aerosil (LLC TD "HIMMED", Russia), lactose (LLC TD "HIMMED", Russia), microcrystalline cellulose (LLC TD "HIMMED", Russia), basic magnesium carbonate (LLC TD "HIMMED", Russia), magnesium oxide (LLC TD "HIMMED", Russia).Results and discussion. The composition and technology for obtaining capsules containing dry peony rhizomes and roots, dry extract and glycine, have been substantiated. The quality indicators of peony rhizomes and roots of dry extract in combination with glycine and developed capsules were determined.Conclusion. The composition of capsules of peony rhizomes and roots of dry extract and glycine has been developed, auxiliary substances have been selected to ensure satisfactory technological properties of the mass for filling the capsules.
Pharmaceutical-technological Studies on the Development of Optimal Composition of Antibacterial Preparation Sekstafag® (Piobacteriophage Polyvalent) Capsules
Authors: Kovyazina N. A. , Nikolaeva A. M. , Orlova E. V. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Nowadays liquid combined therapeutic and prophylactic bacteriophages produced by various manufacturers are widely used. In order to expand the Russian market with highly effective antibacterial phagopreparations it is urgent to develop solid dispersed dosage forms of bacteriophages in the form of solid capsules.Aim. Optimization of biomass composition for encapsulation of antibacterial drug Sekstafag® (Piobacteriophage polyvalent) capsules.Materials and methods. The object of research for the development of encapsulated antibacterial drug is liquid combined polyvalent bacteriophage Sekstafag® (Piobacteriophage polyvalent), which is a mixture of sterile filtrates of six phagolysates of bacteria Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Pharmaceutical-technological tests were carried out according to GF. Granulate was investigated according to the following parameters: description, bulk density, friability. Solid capsules Sekstafag® were tested by the following parameters: mass uniformity, disintegration, acid resistance of bacteriophages in capsules, dissolution. The lytic activity of bacteriophages was evaluated by Appelman’s method. Optimization of Sekstafag® drug formulation in the form of capsules was carried out using generalized Harrington’s desirability function.Results and discussion. In order to optimize the composition of biomass for encapsulation, pharmaceutical compositions consisting of combined bacteriophage Sekstafag® and auxiliary substances were prepared. The influence of excipients on the technological quality parameters of mixtures and capsules of model compositions was studied. According to the empirical system of preferences (desirability) it was revealed that the optimal pharmaceutical-technological characteristics (granulate description, bulk density, bulkiness, capsule mass uniformity, disintegrability, lytic activity, acid resistance of bacteriophage, dissolution) are possessed by the model composition containing combined polyvalent Sekstafag®, methylcellulose, sorbitol, lactose, pectin, sodium alginate, calcium carbonate, magnesium stearate. Originality of the developed composition Sekstafag® (Piobacteriophage polyvalent) in the form of capsules is confirmed by the patent of the Russian Federation № 2660355 "Antibacterial pharmaceutical composition for oral use containing bacteriophages". The drug Sekstafag® (Piobacteriophage polyvalent) capsules, is stable when stored for 18 months at temperatures from 2 to 8 °C.Conclusion. As a result of the conducted complex pharmaceutical-technological research using Harrington’s desirability function the optimal composition of antibacterial preparation Sekstafag® (Piobacteriophage polyvalent) in the form of hard capsules No. 2 was developed.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Pine cones Extract
Authors: Gulyaev D. K. , Zykova S. S. , Belonogova V. D. , Semakin D. O. , Buzmakova N. A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Fatty hepatosis is a widespread metabolic disease. There is an annual increase in cases of detection of fatty hepatosis both in Russia and around the world. An urgent task is to search for new medicines for the treatment and prevention of the development of fatty hepatosis.Aim. Investigation of the composition of procyanidins and the biological activity of pine cones extract on a model of fatty hepatosis in vivo.Materials and methods. To obtain the extract, cones of pine harvested on the territory of the Perm Region in December were used. The extract was obtained by processing raw materials with hot water. The component composition of procyanidins in the extract was determined using ultra-efficient liquid chromatography with a mass selective detector. Hepatoprotective activity was studied on a model of fatty hepatosis induced by the introduction of carbon tetrachloride in vivo on white mongrel rats. Silymarin was used as a reference for comparison.Results and discussion. As a result of chromatographic examination, the following procyanidins were identified in a dry aqueous extract of pine cones – B2, B3, C1, C2, D1. As a result of hepatoprotective activity, it was found that no changes were detected in the control (intact) group during the pathohistological examination of the liver. Index (degree) of steatosis: 0. In the experimental group, whose animals were injected with carbon tetrachloride without subsequent treatment, it was found that about 50 % of hepatocytes of the histological section were in a state of macro- and microvesicular fatty dystrophy. The steatosis index is 2. In the group of animals injected with carbon tetrachloride and treated with Karsil®, normalsized hepatocytes with single fatty microvesicles in the cytoplasm. The steatosis index is 0. In the group of animals injected with carbon tetrachloride and treated with pine cones extract, hepatocytes of normal size with an euchromic nucleus, in the central parts in a state of macro- and microvesicular fatty dystrophy (about 20-25 % of all hepatocytes of the histological section). The steatosis index is 1.Conclusion. The extract of pine cones contributes to a moderate decrease in the prevalence of protein, small-focal small-droplet fatty dystrophy of hepatocytes. To increase hepatoprotective activity, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the extract at a dose of 30 mg/kg and above.
Scientific, Methodological and Organizational Approaches to Conducting Pre-clinical and Expert studies of Substances with Psychoactive Properties
Authors: Malkova T. L. , Mashchenko P. S. , Andreev A. I. , Apushkin D. Yu. , Vikhareva E. V. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Studying the psychoactive properties of substances is an important task for regulating their circulation. It is relevant both for new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are in illegal circulation and for drugs entering the pharmaceutical market. In this regard, the issue of creating specialized analytical centers for conducting complex chemical and pharmacological studies does not lose its relevance.Aim. The purpose of the work is to develop scientific, methodological and organizational approaches to conducting comprehensive studies of psychoactive substances based on generalizing the work experience of employees of the Regional Test Center (RTC) "Pharmatest" of the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, both in the study of new psychoactive substances, withdrawn from illegal circulation, as part of expert studies on behalf of law enforcement agencies, and as part of preclinical studies of new medicines.Materials and methods. When performing the work, experimental and statistical data for 2010–2023 were used. on the study of NPS on the basis of the RTC "Pharmatest" in order to determine the possibility of classifying them as analogues of drugs of abuse, materials on the study of new drugs for the possible presence of psychoactive properties and affinity for certain receptors, approaches to conducting individual stages of expert examinations were assessed and described research, chemical and biological methods used.Results and discussion. The stages of research into new psychoactive substances and the methodology for conducting tests on each of them, as well as the necessary equipment and approaches to interpreting the results obtained, have been determined and scientifically substantiated. The need to create analytical centers to conduct comprehensive expert studies of narcotic substances and preclinical studies of drugs is shown.Conclusion. The developed methodological principles and organizational measures for conducting a comprehensive study of new psychoactive substances are important both for suppressing illegal drug trafficking in order to implement the State anti-drug policy, and for the development of domestic pharmaceuticals, designed to ensure the use of effective and safe medicines in medical practice.
Creation of a Scientific System for Analyzing the Scientific Activities of a University as a Source of Innovation in the Production of Medicines
Authors: Sokolova E. V. , Guryanov P. S. , Salnikova A. G. , Malkova T. L. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The creation of new medicines and their introduction into production depends, in particular, on the organization of scientific research in pharmaceutical universities. The ability to fully utilize all the material, financial and human resources available to a university determines the possibility of effectively generating pharmaceutical innovations. This, in turn, is possible if there are methods of scientific analysis of the process of scientific activity of a university.Aim. Creation of methods for scientific analysis of the process of scientific activity of a university, allowing, on the basis of regularly collected information about the scientific activity of departments, to identify areas for improving the organization of scientific research.Materials and methods. The study used logical, analytical-synthetic research methods, modeling, and the method of expert assessments. The scientific reports of the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy (PSFA) departments for 2019 were studied.Results and discussion. A model of the functioning of the scientific activities of a university has been developed using the example of PSFA, reflecting the degree of interaction of individual departments with each other. Original methods for assessing the effectiveness of individual departments were developed based on the ratio of material, financial, and human resources invested in the work of the departments, and the scientific and practical output obtained as a result of scientific activities.Conclusion. The created model for organizing the scientific activities of the university made it possible to identify departments as “generators” and “successors of scientific research”, as well as the phenomenon of imbalance or lack of interaction between departments. Original methods for assessing human resources and scientific output of the department have been created. To evaluate the work of the department, a rule was formulated for the balance between the resources invested in the work of the department and the scientific result obtained, as well as the balance between the scientific output itself, expressed in scientific publications, and the practical output, expressed in received patents, grants and implementation acts.
Analysis and Evaluation of Prospects for the Development of New Drugs Derived from Benzodiazepines
Authors: Porseva N. Yu. , Sobin F. V. , Soloninina A. V. , Pulina N. A. , Kurbatov E. R. , Dvorskaya O. N. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The use of drugs derived from benzodiazepine for the treatment of various diseases continues to be relevant. Benzodiazepines are approved by most regulatory authorities around the world. Despite the large number of side effects and non-medical use, they are becoming more promising in emergency care for prolonged seizures and epileptic status.Aim. To analyze the existing medicines on the market of the Russian Federation based on benzodiazepine derivatives and assess the prospects for development in this direction.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of regulatory legal acts in the field of healthcare and the circulation of medicines, publications of Russian and foreign authors, the results of scientific research using situational, comparative, structural-logical and content analysis methods. The information base of the study was the online database "State Register of Medicines" (grls.minzdrav.gov.ru), databases of peer-reviewed publications: PubMed and Scopus.Results and discussion. Data were obtained on the range of medicines derived from benzodiazepines according to the following indicators: international nonproprietary names, trade names, medicines, manufacturing countries and enterprises, dosage forms. The problem of "medicinal sovereignty" is discussed. Promising niches have been found for the development of innovative drugs derived from benzodiazepines.Conclusion. It has been established that mainly domestic benzodiazepine-type drugs are represented on the Russian pharmaceutical market, while there is a certain shortage of pharmaceutical substances. In Russia, such dosage forms as films, transdermal plasters and preparations for the inhalation use of benzodiazepine derivatives are not registered. It is important to create innovative dosage forms capable of providing a fast, non-invasive and socially acceptable method of use and a high rate of adherence to treatment by patients.
Validation of Analytical Methods for Quality Control of Gel for Dentin Remineralization
Authors: Golovanenko A. L. , Berezina E. S. , Alekseeva I. V. , Oleshko O. A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. As a result of a complex of scientific and experimental studies carried out at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology of the State Pharmacy of Pharmaceuticals, a gel was developed for remineralization of dentin in order to carry out drug treatment of medium and deep caries. In the developed gel, along with the remineralizing effect, an antibacterial effect was achieved, which is necessary in the treatment of dentin caries due to the introduction of chlorhexidine bigluconate (CHB). The proposed composition simultaneously contains the main remineralizing ions – calcium, phosphate and fluoride in a free active state. Due to this, a significant increase in their penetration into the dentin is ensured. During the preparation of regulatory documentation for the gel for the treatment of dentine caries, validation of methods designed to control the quality of active substances was carried out.Aim. Validation of methods for testing the authenticity and quantification of active substances in the gel for dentine remineralization.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, active pharmaceutical substances of pharmacopoeial quality are used. When developing test methods, pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial reactions to reacting cations and anions were used. For the quantitative determination of the chloride compound, the complexometric method, the back titration method is used, for potassium phosphate, the disubstituted acidimetric method, for sodium fluoride, the photoelectrocolorimetric method, for chlorhexidine bigluconate, the lauryl sulfate method. The objects of study were five serial samples of gels.Results and discussion. As a result of the studies, methods of testing for authenticity were developed, it was found that the proposed methods are characterized by a negative analytical signal on model mixtures free of the analyte and placebo, and a positive analytical signal on model mixtures of various compositions containing the analyte. The validation characteristics of methods for the quantitative determination of active substances in the gel were studied, positive results were obtained, the proposed methods can be used for inclusion in the regulatory documentation for the developed gel.Conclusion. When evaluating the validation characteristics of the proposed methods, it was found that the methods of testing for authenticity and quantitative determination of active substances in the gel are specific, the methods of quantitative determination are characterized by accuracy and repeatability, a linear dependence in the analytical region of ±20 % of the declared amount of active substances, which allows them to be used for reliable assessment of the quality of the developed gel.
Methods for the Determination of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Medicinal Plant Raw Materials (Review)
Authors: Ivanova U. V. , Gravel I. V. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A are secondary metabolites of microscopic mold fungi. They seriously threaten human and animal health. These toxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic substances. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified them as class IA and IIB carcinogens. The maximum permissible concentrations of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in the Russian Federation are currently regulated only in food products according to the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union 021 "On Food Safety". The content of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in medicinal plant raw materials is not regulated in any way. Harmful environmental and biological conditions such as temperature, humidity, air quality, insects and others during post-harvest handling can lead to contamination of medicinal raw materials with aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Therefore, the detection of these toxins is one of the problems of raw materials quality control.Text. The present review summarizes the following methods of sample purification, used at the sample preparation stage: solid-phase extraction, immunoaffin column and QuEChERS. This review also summarizes the following modern analysis methods for the identification of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in medicinal plant raw materials: thin-layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and screening methods.Conclusion. The QuEChERS method has been identified as the most popular method for preparing samples for analysis. It is based on solid phase extraction technology. This method combines the variability of approaches to sample purification and allows people to study a wider range of toxins. The high-performance liquid chromatography method has been identified as the most popular method for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It has high selectivity, multicomponent analysis and low detection limits.
Plata mexicana en Villarrasa: la donación del indiano Pedro Jiménez Delgado (1675)
Authors: Páez Medina Sergio 
Published: December 2023

Son muchos los casos, repartidos por toda la geografía peninsular, de donaciones de indianos enriquecidos en América que ofrecen a las vírgenes y santos de sus lugares de origen, por devoción y por añoranza de su tierra desde lugares tan lejanos. El caso que nos ocupa es el referido al indiano onubense Pedro Jiménez Delgado, natural de Villarrasa, que encargó en México y donó en 1675 a dos hermandades religiosas de su municipio un conjunto de piezas y objetos de culto, todo de plata: una custodia, un frontal de altar, un cáliz con patena, una bandeja, salvilla, vinajeras, blandones y otros enseres.
La platería indiana existente en la provincia de Huelva permite realizar estudios, como el aquí presentado, que en nuestro caso conjuga diversos factores: un acercamiento a la platería mexicana, una profundización a la figura poco conocida del donante como benefactor de arte religioso, la descripción detallada de la platería donada, los rasgos de las entidades beneficiarias y una visión del estado actual de estos objetos artísticos.
4,4-Bis(isopropylthio)-1,1-diphenyl-2-azabuta-1,3-diene Adducts with Cadmium(II), Mercury(II) and Copper(I) Iodides: Crystal, Molecular and Electronic Structures of d10 Transition Metal Chelate Complexes
Authors: Kinghat Rodolphe , Khatyr Abderrahim , Knorr Michael , Strohmann Carsten , Kubicki Marek M. 
Published: December 2023

The thioether-functionalized 2-azabutadiene (iPrS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2 L ligates to CdI2 and HgI2 to form the chelate compounds [CdI2{(iPrS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2] (1) and [HgI2(iPrS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2] (2). Their crystal structures were solved via X-ray diffraction. Both crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric space groups: monoclinic P21 (1) and orthorhombic P212121 (2), respectively. The closed-shell d10 metal centers are four-coordinated (two iodides and S and N coordinating atoms from the ligand L) in both complexes. The geometrical indexes τ indicate that a highly distorted trigonal pyramidal is adopted for 1 and a seesaw geometry for 2. The comparative nature of metal–ligand bonds is discussed on the basis of metric parameters and of QT-AIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) calculations. L was also treated with CuI to obtain the dinuclear species [LCu(μ2-I2)CuL] (3), in which the two Cu(I) centers are linked by a short metal–metal bond. The geometric and electronic properties of 3 are compared with those of 1 and 2.