bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion and contraction of lake basin shape the genetic structure of Sinocyclocheilus (Osteichthyes: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) populations in Central Yunnan, China
Authors: Che Xing‐Jin , Zhang Yuan‐Wei , Wu An‐Li , Pan Xiao‐Fu , Wang Mo , Yang Jun‐Xing , Wang Xiao‐Ai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGeological events can strongly affect the genetic structures and differentiation of fish populations. Especially, as an endemic fish of the genus Sinocyclocheilus in the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau, the effects of key geological events on the distributions and genetic structures remain poorly understood. Examining the phylogeographic patterns of Sinocyclocheilus fishes can be useful for elucidating the spatio‐temporal dynamics of their population size, dispersal history and extent of geographical isolation, thereby providing a theoretical basis for their protection. Here, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) method to investigate the phylogeographic patterns of Sinocyclocheilus fishes. Our analysis supports the endemicity of Sinocyclocheilus, but the samples of different regions of Sinocyclocheilus contain multiple ancestral components, which displayed more admixed and diversified genetic components, this may be due to the polymorphism of the ancestors themselves, or gene infiltration caused by hybridization between adjacent species of Sinocyclocheilus. We estimate that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Sinocyclocheilus fish in the Central Yunnan Basin at approximately 3.75~3.11 Ma, and infer that the evolution of Sinocyclocheilus in the central Yunnan Basin is closely related to the formation of plateau lakes (around 4.0~0.02 Ma), and identifies the formation of Dianchi Lake and Fuxian Lake as key geological events shaping Sinocyclocheilus population structure. It is also the first time to prove that the altitude change has a great influence on the genetic variation among the populations of Sinocyclocheilus.
N‐Carboxyanhydrides (NCAs): Unorthodox and Useful Reagents for Amide Synthesis
Authors: Smith Simon N. , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractN‐Carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) are compounds derived from the addition of a carboxylic acid to an isocyanate, and are known to form amides readily with the release of CO2 as a by‐product. NCAs have been known for over 120 years, but despite their lengthy history, have remained so far overshadowed by more traditional approaches to amide bond formation. In this review, the potential utility of NCAs in the context of amide bond formation is reviewed and their preparation, reactivity and practical application are also discussed.
Acheta domesticus (house cricket) as human foods ‐ An approval of the European Commission ‐ A systematic review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Zhao Tiantian , Fitriani Aprilia , Rahmadhia Safinta Nurindra , Alirezalu Kazem , Fernando Ito 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEntomophagy (consumption of insects) has been proposed as one of the important solutions to the food crisis caused by population growth. Despite a long history of insect consumption, numerous challenges have arisen that question the feasibility of using insects as a food source. It should be notifying that Acheta domesticus (house cricket) is recently approved by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/188 as a novel food ingredient. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the house cricket is paramount for fostering a proper appreciation of its potential as a food source. This review aims to provide comprehensive and in‐depth information on the house cricket, covering various aspects such as its consumption, bioecology, nutritional value, health benefits, harvesting and rearing, and processing methods for use as a food source. Additionally, the consumer acceptance of house cricket will be discussed and specific information on why it has gained approval in the European Union will also be provided. The consumption of crickets has a long history as both food and feed. They are environmentally friendly to rear, making them an attractive option for human consumption. House cricket, in particular, holds promise as a sustainable alternative to traditional farming and conventional food sources due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. Different processing methods enhance its potential. However, there are challenges regarding public acceptance, which can be overcome through diverse processing techniques and applications. Further research and efforts are needed to expand the acceptance and application of A. domesticus.
Landscape analysis of healthcare workforce and resilience actions in the Sahelian context of high security challenge areas: The case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Ousmane , Siguré Salif , Sanou Simon , Kaboré Aissata , Dahany Marie Michele , Diallo Saidou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAccess to health services is a major challenge in developing countries in general, particularly those affected by insecurity. The availability of sufficient quantity and quality of equitably distributed healthcare workforce is a major obstacle, yet it is an essential pillar of an effective and efficient national health system. Burkina Faso, similar to other countries in the Sahel, has been affected by an unprecedented security crisis that has severely tested the functionality of health facilities and the availability of healthcare workforce.ObjectiveTo describe the landscape of healthcare workforce and to analyse the actions taken by the government and other stakeholders to improve the resilience of the system and the retention of healthcare workers in the context of major security challenges.MethodsThis is a transversal, descriptive and analytical study carried out in Burkina Faso in 2023 through a documentary review, analyses of databases collected from health districts and regional directorates, focus groups and a national triangulation workshop with key informants.ResultsThe study shows that, with the closure and minimal functioning of certain health facilities in security‐challenged areas, healthcare workforceare concentrated in the urban areas of regional and district capitals, to the detriment of rural areas. Some staff become in an irregular situation regarding the administration. To strengthen resilience to the crisis, the main solutions have been implemented: (i) enhancing the community platform with the recruitment of 15,000 community‐based health volunteers, (ii) delegating tasks to community health agents, (iii) simplified approaches, (iv) advanced health posts and mobile clinics, (v) redeployment to the most stable structures, (vi) thinking about legislation in crisis situations.ConclusionCommunity resilience through the delegation of tasks to community‐based health workers and strengthening of the community health platform has helped ensure the continuity of care in insecure areas. However, the optimization of innovative and attractive strategies will further improve the retention and return of healthcare workers in rural areas affected.
Decoding Skd3 (Human CLPB): A Mitochondrial Protein Disaggregase Critical for Human Health
Authors: Cupo Ryan R. , Shorter James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein folding is important for all life. Indeed, protein misfolding can result in catastrophic protein aggregation and toxicity. The pathways involved in reversing protein aggregation within human mitochondria had long been unknown. We recently discovered that Skd3 (human CLPB) is a potent mitochondrial protein disaggregase, which is regulated by the rhomboid protease PARL, and maintains the solubility of many important mitochondrial proteins. Skd3 variants underlie several debilitating human diseases, including 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria, severe congenital neutropenia, and premature ovarian insufficiency. Here, we describe advances in understanding Skd3 function, mechanism, and structure and place these discoveries in the context of physiology and disease.
Surgical tooth extraction in cats and dogs. Part 1: basics of dental extractions
Authors: Haseler James , van Velzen Hannah , Perry Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Background: Dental extractions in their various forms (collectively known as exodontics) are exceedingly common treatments in first‐opinion practice. Despite being something even the most seasoned colleagues often dread performing, it is a skill all veterinary surgeons, including new graduates, are expected to be confident in. However, veterinary dentistry is commonly undertaught in universities and so many of us end up being taught these skills in practice by our colleagues, who, in most cases, haven't had a significant level of formal training themselves and feel less than positive about the task. Therefore, it is no wonder that many vets begin to sweat at the idea of a geriatric cat with tooth resorption that's been booked in for extractions just before evening consultations. Fortunately, with but a small amount of knowledge and a modicum of practice, dental extractions can quickly become hugely rewarding and potentially transformative for patient welfare.Aim of the article: The intention of this two‐part series is to provide readers with the comprehensive knowledge needed to successfully perform dental extractions. This first part focuses on clinical anatomy, dental instrumentation and the basic principles of extractions. Part two, to be published in a subsequent issue, will focus on closed and open extractions, from initial flap design to closure.
Octyl gallate has potent anti‐inflammasome activity by directly binding to NLRP3 LRR domain
Authors: Park Hana , Ko Ryeojin , Seo Jeongin , Ahn Guk Young , Choi Sung‐Wook , Kwon Mijung , Lee Soo Young 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe NOD‐, LRR‐, and Pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays key roles in regulating inflammation. Numerous studies show that the abnormal activation of NLRP3 associates with the initiation and progression of various diseases. Hence, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. Octyl gallate (OG) is a small molecule with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti‐inflammatory activities; however, the mechanism underlying its anti‐inflammatory activity is still unclear. Here, we developed a screening system for NLRP3‐inflammasome inhibitors. A total of 3287 small molecules were screened for inhibitors of nigericin‐induced NLRP3 oligomerization. OG was identified as a novel inhibitor. We show that OG directly targets the LRR domain of NLRP3 and thereby blocks the inflammatory cascade of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This contrasts with the mode‐of‐action of other direct NLRP3 inhibitors, which all bind to the NACHT domain of NLRP3. Interestingly, OG also inhibits the priming step by downregulating the Raf‐MEK1/2‐ERK1/2 axis. Thus, OG inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by two distinct mechanisms. Importantly, OG injection ameliorated the inflammation in mouse models of foot gout and sepsis. Our study identifies OG as a potential therapeutic agent for NLRP3‐associated diseases.
Efficacy of hemostatic gel for perioperative bleeding and prevention of delayed bleeding of cold snare polypectomy under anticoagulant
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Dohi Osamu , Inagaki Yoshikazu , Tomita Yuri , Hashimoto Hikaru , Kobayashi Reo , Inoue Ken , Hirose Ryohei , Morimoto Yasutaka , Inada Yutaka , Murakami Takaaki , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimA hemostatic gel, PuraStat (3‐D Matrix, Tokyo, Japan), is used for various gastrointestinal hemostasis. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of PuraStat for perioperative bleeding (POB) and prevention of delayed bleeding (DB) to colorectal cold snare polypectomy (CSP) with continuous anticoagulant.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective study. Subjects were lesions of 2–9 mm under continuous anticoagulant from 2021 to 2023 and treated with PuraStat for POB. The definition of POB was bleeding which did not stop spontaneously by 1.0–1.5 min after resection and needed hemostasis. Successful hemostasis was defined as cessation of bleeding within 1.0–1.5 min after spraying PuraStat and the rate of it and risk factors of POB were analyzed. For comparison, cases receiving previous CSP without PuraStat were extracted from all cases with CSP (2018‐2021), and POB and DB rate (DBR) were analyzed after propensity score matching.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐two lesions (91: direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), 31: warfarin) with anticoagulant were analyzed and the rate of successful hemostasis with PuraStat was 92.6% (DOAC/warfarin: 93.4%/80.6%, P = 0.01). The rate of DB was 0.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that significant risk factors about unsuccessful hemostasis for POB with PuraStat were lesion size 8–9 mm (P < 0.01), warfarin (P = 0.01), and combination of antiplatelet (P = 0.01). Regarding the comparison about CSP with/without PuraStat, the clipping rate and DBR were 8.5%/94.9% (P < 0.01) and 0%/1.7% (P = 1.0).ConclusionThe effects of PuraStat for POB and DB in colorectal CSP with continuous anticoagulant were acceptable.
Recurrence‐risk stratification using the Beppu score and selection of perioperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Beppu Toru , Yamamura Kensuke , Imai Katsunori , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Miyamoto Yuji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe annual postoperative disease‐free survival for colorectal liver metastases can be easily estimated by weighting six preoperative clinical parameters (Beppu score). We identified three recurrence‐risk stratification groups: the low (≤6 points), moderate (7–10 points), and high‐risk (≥11 points). For low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk patients, hepatectomy alone, hepatectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy, and hepatectomy with preoperative chemotherapy are recommended, respectively. The Beppu score enables the decision on the necessity and timing of perioperative chemotherapy.
Transcriptomic profiling reveals key early response genes during GDF6‐mediated differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells to nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Gilbert Hamish T. J. , Wignall Francis E. J. , Zeef Leo , Hoyland Judith A. , Richardson Stephen M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundStem cell‐based therapies show promise as a means of repairing the degenerate intervertebral disc, with growth factors often used alongside cells to help direct differentiation toward a nucleus pulposus (NP)‐like phenotype. We previously demonstrated adipose‐derived stem cell (ASC) differentiation with GDF6 as optimal for generating NP‐like cells through evaluating end‐stage differentiation parameters. Here we conducted a time‐resolved transcriptomic characterization of ASCs response to GDF6 stimulation to understand the early drivers of differentiation to NP‐like cells.MethodsHuman ASCs were treated with recombinant human GDF6 for 2, 6, and 12 h. RNA sequencing and detailed bioinformatic analysis were used to assess differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO), and transcription factor involvement during early differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate RNA sequencing findings and inhibitors used to interrogate Smad and Erk signaling pathways, as well as identify primary and secondary response genes.ResultsThe transcriptomic response of ASCs to GDF6 stimulation was time‐resolved and highly structured, with “cell differentiation” “developmental processes,” and “response to stimulus” identified as key biological process GO terms. The transcription factor ERG1 was identified as a key early response gene. Temporal cluster analysis of differentiation genes identified positive regulation NP cell differentiation, as well as inhibition of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. A role for Smad and Erk signaling in the regulation of GDF6‐induced early gene expression response was observed and both primary and secondary response genes were identified.ConclusionsThis study identifies a multifactorial early gene response that contributes to lineage commitment, with the identification of a number of potentially useful early markers of differentiation of ASCs to NP cells. This detailed insight into the molecular processes in response to GDF6 stimulation of ASCs is important for the development of an efficient and efficacious cell‐based therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration‐associated back pain.
Comparison of Comfort and Patient Preference of Common and a Novel Position for Ultrasound‐Guided Carpal Tunnel Injections
Authors: Balser David Y. , Schwanz Kersten L. , Wheelock Corey J. , Crosby Margaret , Schuerger Willis , Walters Luke , Weyrauch Sarah , Senk Alexander M. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis study compared levels of discomfort among three positions for ultrasound‐guided carpal tunnel injections (USCTI) to potentially facilitate and improve the procedure's tolerability in treating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsAmbulatory Veterans referred for electromyography (EMG) evaluation of CTS were eligible for the study; a total of 30 participants were evaluated. Participants were asked to hold three different positions: 1) Hypersupination, 2) Airplane, and 3) total supported abduction (TSA). Participants rated their pain level, ease of performing/holding each position, exacerbation of underlying symptoms, and position preference. Results were analyzed with two‐way repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsHypersupination was determined to be the least preferred and most painful position to hold, demonstrating a statistically significant increase in the Numeric Rating Scale score for pain during the procedure compared with Airplane and TSA, which were not significantly different from one another. Pre‐procedure neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist pain were not significantly associated with intra‐procedure pain.ConclusionsWhen performing USCTI, patient comfort can be optimized by avoiding Hypersupination. Utilizing the Airplane or TSA positions may provide similar access for ulnar approach injections while inducing lower levels of discomfort. Clinical space, resources, patient mobility, and laterality of procedures may further guide one's selection among the positions.
Analgesic Efficacy of Ropivacaine Infiltration on Early Post‐Tonsillectomy Pain in Pediatrics
Authors: Albazee Ebraheem , Abdelwahab Omar A. , Abdelaziz Ahmed , Magzoub Duha , Abu‐Zaid Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine infiltration in the tonsillar fossa among pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL.Review MethodsEligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for bias using Cochrane's risk of bias tool (version 2). Our primary outcome was postoperative pain within 24 h, and secondary outcomes included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time to first analgesia, bleeding, and nausea/vomiting. Data were pooled as mean difference, standardized mean difference, and risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsOur review included 11 RCTs, with a total of 712 patients. The quality of studies varied and included low risk (n = 8 RCTs), some concerns (n = 2 RCTs), and high risk (n = 1 RCT) of bias. The primary endpoint of postoperative pain across all time points was significantly reduced in the ropivacaine group compared with the placebo group. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) of the postoperative pain depicted conclusive evidence and unnecessity for further RCTs. The mean operative time was significantly reduced in the ropivacaine group compared with the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding additional clinical (i.e., mean intraoperative blood loss and mean time to first analgesia) and safety (i.e., rates of bleeding and nausea/vomiting) outcomes.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrated the safety and postoperative analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine versus placebo among pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding intraoperative blood loss, time to first analgesia, and rate of postoperative bleeding.Level of Evidence1 Laryngoscope, 134:3018–3029, 2024
ACE2andTAS2R38receptor expression in pediatric and adult patients in the nasal and oral cavity
Authors: Franks Zechariah G. , Nandakumar Kavitha , Santhanam Lakshmi , Lester Laeben , Walsh Jonathan M. , Dalesio Nicholas M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate differences in angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme‐2 (ACE2) and bitter taste receptor (TAS2R38) expression between patient age groups and comorbidities to characterize the pathophysiology of coronavirus 19(COVID‐19) pandemic. ACE2 is the receptor implicated to facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and levels of expression may correlate to the severity of COVID‐19 infection. TAS2R38 has many non‐gustatory roles in disease, with some evidence of severe COVID‐19 disease in certain receptor phenotypes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study and collected nasal and lingual tissue from healthy pediatric (n = 22) and adult (n = 25) patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective procedures. RNA isolation and qPCR were performed with primers targeting ACE2 and TAS2R38.ResultsA total of 25 adult (52% male; 44% obese) and 22 pediatric (50% male; 36% obese) patients were enrolled, pediatric tissue had 43% more nasal ACE2 RNA expression than adults with a median fold change of 0.69 (IQR 0.37, 0.98) in adults and 0.99 (IQR 0.74, 1.43) in children (p < .05). There were no differences between the age groups in ACE2 expression of lingual tissue (p = .14) or TAS2R38 expression collected from either nasal (p = 049) or lingual tissue (p = .49). Stratifying for obesity yielded similar differences between nasal ACE2 expression between adults and children with median fold change of 0.56 (IQR 0.32, 0.87) in adults and 1.0 (IQR 0.82, 1.52) in children (p < .05).ConclusionsACE2 receptor expression is higher in nasal tissue collected from children compared to adults, suggesting COVID‐19 infectivity is more complicated than ACE2 and TAS2R38 mRNA expression.Level of EvidenceNA.
Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies
Authors: Ran Lihua , Wiesner Martin G. , Liang Yuzhao , Liang Wen , Zhang Lanlan , Yang Zhi , Li Hongliang , Chen Jianfang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiatoms and biogenic silica (biogenic Si) in sediments are commonly analyzed as paleoceanographic environmental indicators. However, the correspondence between these sedimentary components and their counterparts in the water column above can vary over time and space. This study, undertaken in the northern South China Sea, compares diatoms and biogenic Si in sinking particles from the water column with those in surface sediments below. The results indicate substantial losses of diatoms and biogenic Si during sinking and burial, along with changes in diatom assemblages. About 6% of diatoms sinking from 1000 m depth are estimated to be preserved in sediments: 32% are recycled in the water column and 62% are lost at the sediment–water interface. Approximately, 12% of biogenic Si is preserved in sediments: 6% is remineralized in the water column and 82% is lost at the sediment–water interface. The differences between diatom and biogenic Si preservation and remineralization are likely due to differences in dissolution resistance among the various diatom species and between diatoms and other silicifiers (e.g., radiolarians), along with effects of lateral transport. This variability introduces uncertainties into paleoceanographic inferences made from these two proxies from the sediments. Thalassionema nitzschioides was found to dominate sediment assemblages, which we attribute to its great resistance to dissolution, and to be negatively correlated with diatom sinking fluxes. These properties suggest that in the northern South China Sea, T. nitzschioides may potentially be useful as an indicator of low paleoproductivity (e.g., as seen during strong El Niño events).