bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of feature selection and data fusion of Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy for identifying watercolor ink
Authors: Zou Yingfang , Zhang Aolin , Wang Xiaobin , Yang Lei , Ding Meng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe identification of different kinds of watercolor inks is an important work in the field of forensic science. Four different kinds of watercolor ink Spectroscopy data fusion strategies (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) combined with a non‐linear classification model (Extreme Learning Machine) were used to identify the brand of watercolor inks. The study chose Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), Random Frog (RF), Variable Combination Population Analysis‐Genetic Algorithm (VCPA‐GA), and Variable Combination Population Analysis‐Iteratively Retains Informative Variables (VCPA‐IRIV) to extract characteristic variables for mid‐level data fusion. The Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is used to optimize the extreme learning machine classification model. The results showed that the classification capacity of the mid‐level fusion spectra model was more satisfactory than that of single Infrared spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy. The CS‐ELM models based on infrared spectroscopy used to recognize the watercolor ink according to brands (ZHENCAI, DELI, CHENGUANG, and STAEDTLER) obtained an accuracy of 66.67% in the test set using all spectral datasets. The accuracy of CS‐ELM models based on Raman spectroscopy was 67.39%. The characteristic wavelength selection algorithms effectively improved the accuracy of the CS‐ELM models. The classification accuracy of the mid‐level spectroscopy fusion model combined with the VCPA‐IRIV algorithm was 100%. The data fusion method increased effectively spectral information. The method could satisfactorily identify different brands of watercolor inks and support the preservation of artifacts, paintings, and forensic document examination.
Male‐biased sex ratios, marriage, and household composition in early twentieth‐century Hawai‘i
Authors: Halliday Timothy , La Croix Sumner , Price Joseph , Van Leeuwen Jacob 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmigration to Hawai‘i between 1870 and 1930 led to a more than six‐fold increase in population and high and rapidly varying sex ratios in the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Caucasian populations of marriageable age. Using complete populations of the 1910, 1920, and 1930 Territorial Censuses of Hawai‘i, we estimate how male‐biased ethnic sex ratios affected choices of second‐generation men and women of marriageable age. Econometric results indicate that within‐group and extra‐group sex ratios impact the likelihood of males and females to marry, to marry a spouse from another ethnic group, to have children, and to live in larger households.
Thrombosis risk with haemoglobin C trait and haemoglobin C disease: A systematic review
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Sharma Deva , Stephens Laura D. , Figueroa Villalba Cristina A. , Rinder Henry M. , Woo Jennifer S. , Wheeler Allison P. , Gerberi Dana , Goel Ruchika , Tormey Christopher A. , Booth Garrett S. , Bloch Evan M. , Adkins Brian D. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe thrombotic risk with haemoglobin C trait (HbAC) or haemoglobin C disease (HbCC) is unclear. However, individuals with HbCC have demonstrated chronic haemolysis, higher blood viscosity and altered rheology when compared to individuals with wild‐type haemoglobin (HbAA). These physiological alterations may theoretically translate to increased risk of thrombosis; therefore, a systematic literature review was performed to investigate the possible association between HbAC and/or HbCC and thrombosis. Twenty‐two studies met inclusion criteria representing 782 individuals with HbAC (n = 694) or HbCC (n = 88). Fifteen studies described the presence/absence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with HbAC (n = 685) or HbCC (n = 79), while seven studies described patients with HbAC (n = 9) or HbCC (n = 9) and arterial thrombosis. Most (n = 20) studies were case reports or case series; however, two studies suggested a potential increased VTE risk with HbAC compared to HbAA in (i) all patients (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 0.9–5.5) and in (ii) pregnant individuals (RR 3.7, 95% CI 0.9–16). This review is the largest assessment of patients with HbC trait or disease and thrombosis to date; despite its limitations, the findings suggest HbC may be a predisposing risk factor to thrombosis. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to definitively elucidate the risk of thrombosis in this population.
Learning curve for fusion magnetic resonance imaging targeted prostate biopsy and three‐dimensional transrectal ultrasonography segmentation
Authors: Lenfant Louis , Beitone Clément , Troccaz Jocelyne , Rouprêt Morgan , Seisen Thomas , Voros Sandrine , Mozer Pierre C. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo report the learning curve of multiple operators for fusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeted biopsy and to determine the number of cases needed to achieve proficiency.Materials and MethodsAll adult males who underwent fusion MRI targeted biopsy between February 2012 and July 2021 for clinically suspected prostate cancer (PCa) in a single centre were included. Fusion transrectal MRI targeted biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia using the Koelis platform. Learning curves for segmentation of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) images and the overall MRI targeted biopsy procedure were estimated with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing by computing each operator's timestamps for consecutive procedures. Non‐risk‐adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM) methods were used to create learning curves for clinically significant (i.e., International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥ 2) PCa detection.ResultsOverall, 1721 patients underwent MRI targeted biopsy in our centre during the study period. The median (interquartile range) times for TRUS segmentation and for the MRI targeted biopsy procedure were 4.5 (3.5, 6.0) min and 13.2 (10.6, 16.9) min, respectively. Among the 14 operators with experience of more than 50 cases, a plateau was reached after 40 cases for TRUS segmentation time and 50 cases for overall MRI targeted biopsy procedure time. CUSUM analysis showed that the learning curve for clinically significant PCa detection required 25 to 45 procedures to achieve clinical proficiency. Pain scores ranged between 0 and 1 for 84% of patients, and a plateau phase was reached after 20 to 100 cases.ConclusionsA minimum of 50 cases of MRI targeted biopsy are necessary to achieve clinical and technical proficiency and to reach reproducibility in terms of timing, clinically significant PCa detection, and pain.
Initial surveillance in men with marker negative clinical stage IIA non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours
Authors: Gerdtsson Axel , Negaard Helene F. S. , Almås Bjarte , Bergdahl Anna Grenabo , Cohn‐Cedermark Gabriella , Glimelius Ingrid , Halvorsen Dag , Haugnes Hege Sagstuen , Hedlund Annika , Hellström Martin , Holmberg Göran , Karlsdóttir Ása , Kjellman Anders , Larsen Signe Melsen , Thor Anna , Wahlqvist Rolf , Ståhl Olof , Tandstad Torgrim 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo assess whether extended surveillance with repeated computed tomography (CT) scans for patients with clinical stage IIA (CS IIA; <2 cm abdominal node involvement) and negative markers (Mk−) non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs) can identify those with true CS I. To assess the rate of benign lymph nodes, teratoma, and viable cancer in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) histopathology for patients with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT.Patients and methodsObservational prospective population‐based study of patients diagnosed 2008–2019 with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT in the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA) registry. Patients were managed with surveillance, with CT scans, and tumour markers every sixth week for a maximum of 18 weeks. Patients with radiological regression were treated as CS I, if progression with chemotherapy, and remaining CS IIA Mk− disease with RPLND. The end‐point was the number and percentage of patients down‐staged to CS I on surveillance and rate of RPLND histopathology presented as benign, teratoma, or viable cancer.ResultsOverall, 126 patients with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT were included but 41 received therapy upfront. After surveillance for a median (range) of 6 (6–18) weeks, 23/85 (27%) patients were in true CS I and four (5%) progressed. Of the remaining 58 patients with lasting CS IIA Mk− NSGCT, 16 received chemotherapy and 42 underwent RPLND. The RPLND histopathology revealed benign lymph nodes in 11 (26%), teratoma in two (6%), and viable cancer in 29 (70%) patients.ConclusionsSurveillance with repeated CT scans can identify patients in true CS I, thus avoiding overtreatment. The RPLND histopathology in patients with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT had a high rate of cancer and a low rate of teratoma.
The effects of neurofeedback training for children with cerebral palsy and co‐occurring attention deficits: A pilot study
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Chuan , Chang Wen‐Pin , Liang Kai‐Jie , Chen Chia‐Ling , Chen Hsin‐Yung , Chen Shu‐Ping , Chan Pei‐Ying S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited research exists regarding the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback training for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and co‐occurring attention deficits (ADs), despite the increasing prevalence of these dual conditions. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the impact of neurofeedback training on the attention levels of children with CP and AD.MethodsNineteen children with both CP and co‐occurring ADs were randomly assigned to either a neurofeedback or control group. The neurofeedback group received 20 sessions of training, lasting approximately 1 h per day, twice a week. Theta/beta ratios of the quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) recordings were measured pre‐training and post‐training in the resting state. The Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills—3rd Version (TVPS‐3) and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) were measured at pre‐ and post‐training.ResultsThe neurofeedback group showed both decreased theta/beta ratios compared with control group (p = 0.04) at post‐training and a within‐group improvement during training (p = 0.02). Additionally, the neurofeedback group had a trend of decreased omission rates of the CPT (p = 0.08) and the visual sequential memory and the visual closure subscores in the TVPS‐3, compared with the control group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsThe results suggested that children with CP and co‐occurring AD may benefit from neurofeedback training in their attention level. Further research is needed to explore long‐term effects and expand its application in this population.
Histological and radiological outcome after horizontal guided bone regeneration with bovine bone mineral alone or in combination with bone in edentulous atrophic maxilla: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aludden Hanna , Starch‐Jensen Thomas , Dahlin Christer , Sdik Joana , Cederlund Andreas , Mordenfeld Arne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the radiological and histological outcome after horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) alone or in combination with particulate autogenous bone (PAB).Materials and MethodsEighteen edentulous patients with an alveolar ridge of ≤4 mm were included in this split‐mouth randomized controlled trial. Horizontal GBR with a graft composition of 100% DBBM (100:0) on one side and 90% DBBM and 10% PAB (90:10) on the other side were conducted in all patients. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperative, and after 10 months of healing. Width and volumetric changes in the alveolar process were measured on CBCT. Implants were placed after 10 months of graft healing where biopsies were obtained for histomorphometrical evaluation.ResultsThe gained widths were 4.9 (±2.4) mm (100:0) and 4.5 (±2.0) mm (90:10) at 3 mm from the top of the crest, and 5.6 (±1.3) mm (100:0) and 4.6 (±2.1) mm (90:10) at 6 mm from the top of the crest. The mean volumetric reductions were 32.8% (±23.8) (100:0) and 38.2% (±23.2) (90:10). Histomorphometry revealed that mean percentages of bone were 50.8% (±10.7) (100:0) and 46.4% (±11.3) (90:10), DBBM were 31.6% (±12.6) (100:0) and 35.4% (±14.8) (90:10), and non‐mineralized tissue were 17.6% (±11.7; 100:0) and 18.2% (±18.2) (90:10). No significant differences were evident between in any evaluated parameters.ConclusionsThere were no additional effects of adding PAB to DBBM regarding bone formation, width changes, or volumetric changes after 10 months of graft healing.
Transoral robotic styloidectomy for Eagle syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Campisi Ruggero , Caranti Alberto , Meccariello Giuseppe , Stringa Luigi Marco , Bianchini Chiara , Ciorba Andrea , Pelucchi Stefano , Vicini Claudio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on styloidectomy performed through transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in Eagle syndrome (ES).Design and SettingTwo independent reviewers (RC and AC) conducted a systematic review of PubMed and Embase databases, seeking articles on TORS performed for ES treatment. The search was conducted in July 2023. The review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ParticipantsThe review included a total of 17 adult patients, comprising 12 females and 5 males, with an average age of 52.2 years, all diagnosed with ES.Main Outcome MeasuresFor each patient, we assessed the overall length of the styloid process, the affected side, total intervention duration, hospitalization duration, pre and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and the presence of minor and major complications.ResultsWe identified 4 articles describing 17 instances of TORS as a surgical treatment for ES in the literature, totaling 18 styloidectomies. The mean age of the patients was 52.2 years, with 12 females and 5 males. The average operation time, inclusive of the docking phase, was 68.8 minutes. Sixteen patients (94.1% of the total) experienced complete symptom disappearance or near‐complete resolution after surgery. One patient (5.9%) showed improvement categorized as 'non‐meaningful.' Only one case of minor complication was reported among the 17 procedures (5.9%).
The Keys to the Future? An Examination of Statistical Versus Discriminative Accounts of Serial Pattern Learning
Authors: Tomaschek Fabian , Ramscar Michael , Nixon Jessie S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSequence learning is fundamental to a wide range of cognitive functions. Explaining how sequences—and the relations between the elements they comprise—are learned is a fundamental challenge to cognitive science. However, although hundreds of articles addressing this question are published each year, the actual learning mechanisms involved in the learning of sequences are rarely investigated. We present three experiments that seek to examine these mechanisms during a typing task. Experiments 1 and 2 tested learning during typing single letters on each trial. Experiment 3 tested for “chunking” of these letters into “words.” The results of these experiments were used to examine the mechanisms that could best account for them, with a focus on two particular proposals: statistical transitional probability learning and discriminative error‐driven learning. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that error‐driven learning was a better predictor of response latencies than either n‐gram frequencies or transitional probabilities. No evidence for chunking was found in Experiment 3, probably due to interspersing visual cues with the motor response. In addition, learning occurred across a greater distance in Experiment 1 than Experiment 2, suggesting that the greater predictability that comes with increased structure leads to greater learnability. These results shed new light on the mechanism responsible for sequence learning. Despite the widely held assumption that transitional probability learning is essential to this process, the present results suggest instead that the sequences are learned through a process of discriminative learning, involving prediction and feedback from prediction error.
Modeling Magnitude Discrimination: Effects of Internal Precision and Attentional Weighting of Feature Dimensions
Authors: Sanford Emily M. , Topaz Chad M. , Halberda Justin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven a rich environment, how do we decide on what information to use? A view of a single entity (e.g., a group of birds) affords many distinct interpretations, including their number, average size, and spatial extent. An enduring challenge for cognition, therefore, is to focus resources on the most relevant evidence for any particular decision. In the present study, subjects completed three tasks—number discrimination, surface area discrimination, and convex hull discrimination—with the same stimulus set, where these three features were orthogonalized. Therefore, only the relevant feature provided consistent evidence for decisions in each task. This allowed us to determine how well humans discriminate each feature dimension and what evidence they relied on to do so. We introduce a novel computational approach that fits both feature precision and feature use. We found that the most relevant feature for each decision is extracted and relied on, with minor contributions from competing features. These results suggest that multiple feature dimensions are separately represented for each attended ensemble of many items and that cognition is efficient at selecting the appropriate evidence for a decision.
Questions in self‐selection studies used in consumer research for nonprescription drug candidates: Limitations and recommendations
Authors: Brass Eric P. , Bradford Russell D. , Stone Arthur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSelf‐selection studies assess participants' ability to use label information to decide if a proposed nonprescription drug is appropriate for their use. The optimal use of information from participants' responses in these trials has not been studied. Data from a self‐selection study for a progestogen‐only contraceptive pill (norgestrel 0.075 mg tablets, Opill) were analyzed. Participants (1772 evaluable participants) were provided with the proposed drug facts label and asked sequentially: (1) Given what you have read on the label and your own health history, is this product okay or not okay for you to take home today and start to use?; (2) Why or why not?; (3) Would you like to purchase Opill today to take home for your own use?; (4) Why or why not? The Per Guidance Analysis based on the US Food and Drug Administration's Guidance considered only the response to the first question as defining a selector. The Complete Analysis considered the responses to all four questions to determine a selector. The Per Guidance Analysis characterized 1597 participants as selectors, whereas the Complete Analysis identified 1180 participants as selectors. The decrease in selectors reflected participants who responded “okay” to the initial question but “no” to purchase question while providing rational explanations for their shift in responses. The results support the use of all available information when assessing a participant's intent in self‐selection studies for nonprescription drug candidates. The findings are discussed in the context of findings from the social cognitive and communication sciences.
#Pathart and cytopathology: Beauty must be shared
Authors: Labiano Tania , Lozano María D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is beauty in cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media.MethodsAs social media becomes more popular, pathologists and related professionals have started to share the images that they capture at work on their profiles, tagging them with the hashtag #Pathart. #Pathart hashtag unites two concepts innately related: Pathology and art.ResultsWhen groups of pathologists share concurring ideas, the result is an explosion of creativity that spreads even to new professionals and students. In addition, it attracts the attention of people, dedicated to other subjects such as journalism, who, with their interactions, give visibility to our field. This helps counteract the stereotypes and gives people a better understanding of what we do and why it is important. Therefore, the more pathologists and related professionals meet and interact with each other, the better.Conclusions#Pathart images raise great interest among professionals, which contributes to the creation of a united and strong community of pathologists some of whom are dedicated to cytology. Interaction and professional collaboration between these professionals can positively contribute to disseminating scientific content and creating work/research groups. This might have an impact, both direct and indirect, on improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments in our patients.
Beyond the individual: Socio‐ecological factors impacting activity after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ioannou Elysa , Humphreys Helen , Homer Catherine , Purvis Alison 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe risk of Type 2 Diabetes is 10 times higher after a pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes. Physical activity can independently reduce this risk, yet engagement with physical activity remains low after Gestational Diabetes. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to the uptake of physical activity after Gestational Diabetes in the United Kingdom, using a socio‐ecological approach.MethodsThe paper was written following the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Patient and Public Involvement contributed to the study's conceptualisation and design. Participants were recruited through an audit of Gestational Diabetes cases at a local Teaching Hospital in 2020. Twelve participants took part in semi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate themes in iterative rounds of refinement. The final themes were then organised using the socio‐ecological model.ResultsParticipants were all over 31 years old, predominantly self‐identified as White British and were all in employment but were evenly spread across UK‐based deprivation deciles. Ten themes were generated and organised according to the four levels of the socio‐ecological model: intrapersonal (beliefs about activity, recovering from birth), social (health care professionals, family and partner, role as a mother), organisational (access and cost, environment, childcare and work) and community (connecting women with recent Gestational Diabetes).ConclusionsMany of the amenable barriers and facilitators to physical activity were beyond the intrapersonal level, based on higher levels of the socio‐ecological model (social, organisational and community). Multi‐level interventions are needed to effectively address all barriers.