bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diligence, objectivity, quality and accuracy
Authors: Bhattacharya Rajeev R. , Gupta Mahendra R. 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe authors provide a general framework of behavior under asymmetric information and develop indices of diligence, objectivity and quality by an analyst and analyst firm about a studied firm, and relate them to the accuracy of its forecasts. The authors test the associations of these indices with time.Design/methodology/approachThe test of Public Information versus Non-Public Information Models provides the index of diligence, which equals one minus the p-value of the Hausman Specification Test of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) versus Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The test of Objectivity versus Non-Objectivity Models provides the index of objectivity, which equals the p-value of the Wald Test of zero coefficients versus non-zero coefficients in 2SLS regression of the earnings forecast residual. The exponent of the negative of the standard deviation of the residuals of the analyst forecast regression equation provides the index of analytical quality. Each index asymptotically equals the Bayesian ex post probability, by the analyst and analyst firm about the studied firm, of the relevant behavior.FindingsThe authors find that ex post accuracy is a statistically and economically significant increasing function of the product of the indices of diligence, objectivity and quality by the analyst and analyst firm about the studied firm, which asymptotically equals the Bayesian ex post joint probability of diligence, objectivity and quality. The authors find that diligence, objectivity, quality and accuracy did not improve with time.Originality/valueThere has been no previous work done on the systematic and objective characterization and joint analysis of diligence, objectivity and quality of analyst forecasts by an analyst and analyst firm for a studied firm, and their relation with accuracy. This paper puts together the frontiers of various disciplines.
Multimaterial 3D printing of auxetic jounce bumpers for automotive suspensions
Authors: Giubilini Alberto , Minetola Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the 3D printability of a multimaterial, fully self-supporting auxetic structure. This will contribute to expanding the application of additive manufacturing (AM) to new products, such as automotive suspensions.

Design/methodology/approach
An experimental approach for sample fabrication on a multiextruder 3D printer and characterization by compression testing was conducted along with numerical simulations, which were used to support the design of different auxetic configurations for the jounce bumper.

Findings
The effect of stacking different auxetic cell modules was discussed, and the findings demonstrated that a one-piece printed structure has a better performance than one composed of multiple single modules stacked on top of each other.

Research limitations/implications
The quality of the 3D printing process affected the performance of the final components and reproducibility of the results. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to further study component fabrication optimization to achieve a more reliable process.

Practical implications
This research work can help improve the manufacturing and functionality of a critical element of automotive suspension systems, such as the jounce bumper, which can efficiently reduce noise, vibration and harshness by absorbing impact energy.

Originality/value
In previous research, auxetic structures for the application of jounce bumpers have already been suggested. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in this work, an AM approach was used for the first time to fabricate multimaterial auxetic structures, not only by co-printing a flexible thermoplastic polymer with a stiffer one but also by continuously extruding multilevel structures of auxetic cell modules.
Limits of three‐dimensional target detectability of logging while drilling deep‐sensing electromagnetic measurements from numerical modelling
Authors: Jahani Nazanin , Torres‐Verdín Carlos , Hou Junsheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSubsurface energy resources are often found in three‐dimensional and non‐spatially continuous rock formations that exhibit electrical anisotropy. Deep‐sensing tri‐axial borehole electromagnetic measurements are currently being used to detect three‐dimensional fluid‐bearing subsurface formations, but borehole environmental, geometrical and instrument‐design factors, together with measurement noise, constrain their practical range of detection and spatial resolution. By understanding the interplay of the above factors on the detectability and sensitivity of borehole deep electromagnetic measurements, one can potentially quantify the uncertainty of both target spatial location (relative to the well trajectory) and electrical resistivity contrast, thereby improving the certainty of three‐dimensional well navigation in real time. We implement a finite‐volume method to numerically solve Maxwell's equations for three‐dimensional electrically anisotropic heterogeneous rock formations in the calculation of magnetic fields measured with deep‐sensing tri‐axial borehole electromagnetic instruments. The calculated magnetic fields at measurement locations are described as the per cent difference between measurements acquired in rock formations with and without conductive or resistive three‐dimensional targets. We quantify the maximum radial distance of detection from the well trajectory and the spatial sensitivity of a commercially available deep‐sensing electromagnetic instrument with respect to environmental factors and measurement acquisition parameters by assuming that the borehole electromagnetic instrument can reliably detect offset three‐dimensional targets if the corresponding per cent measurement difference exceeds the threshold for measurement noise. Results indicate that commercially available tri‐axial deep‐sensing borehole electromagnetic instruments can achieve maximum detection distances between a quarter of and a full transmitter–receiver spacing. In addition, we show that radial detection distances vary from 0.3 to 2 skin depths depending on the geological environment, that is, target conductivity contrast with respect to the embedding background, electrical anisotropy of the background formation and targets and measurement acquisition parameters, that is, frequency and transmitter–receiver spacings. The above findings are not only important for instrument design and measurement‐acquisition planning but also for the effective implementation of real‐time inversion‐based measurement interpretation procedures.
Advancing governance indicators: Four ways forward
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article goes beyond the presentation, assessment and discussion of the Berggruen Governance Index by suggesting potential next steps for governance indicators and relevant data systems more generally. Specifically, it addresses four ways to advance research on governance performance. The first two, greater cross‐validation and cross‐fertilisation and a systematic assessment of the legal‐regulatory context, address the two major challenges of current research, namely the weak connection between the theoretical understanding of governance and the current stock of indicators as well as the tenuous connection between conceptually grounded indices on the one hand and the needs of policymakers to have actionable results on the other. The other two proposals, that is the development of governance operationalisations based on network structures and the notion of planetary governance, suggest transcending the current nation‐state and variable‐based frame for governance indices towards actor‐based indicators and dashboards.
Introducing the Berggruen Governance Index II: Initial results, 2000–2019
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. , Lang Markus , Knudsen Edward L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents an overview of some of the main findings from our analysis of the Berggruen Governance Index for the 2000–2019 period. It first examines overall governance performance across world regions, singles out general trends and identifies top and bottom performers. It then briefly reviews the comparative governance performance of world powers like the United States, Brazil, China, major European countries, India and Russia as well as other selected countries in the post‐Soviet space. Finally, we address more analytic questions to show the versatility of the index for hypothesis testing and theoretical purposes.
Endometrial TGFβ signaling fosters early pregnancy development by remodeling the fetomaternal interface
Authors: Parks Sydney E. , Geng Ting , Monsivais Diana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe endometrium is a unique and highly regenerative tissue with crucial roles during the reproductive lifespan of a woman. As the first site of contact between mother and embryo, the endometrium, and its critical processes of decidualization and immune cell recruitment, play a leading role in the establishment of pregnancy, embryonic development, and reproductive capacity. These integral processes are achieved by the concerted actions of steroid hormones and a myriad of growth factor signaling pathways. This review focuses on the roles of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway in the endometrium during the earliest stages of pregnancy through the lens of immune cell regulation and function. We discuss how key ligands in the TGFβ family signal through downstream SMAD transcription factors and ultimately remodel the endometrium into a state suitable for embryo implantation and development. We also focus on the key roles of the TGFβ signaling pathway in recruiting uterine natural killer cells and their collective remodeling of the decidua and spiral arteries. By providing key details about immune cell populations and TGFβ signaling within the endometrium, it is our goal to shed light on the intricate remodeling that is required to achieve a successful pregnancy.
Fabrication and characterization of a hydrocolloid wound dressing functionalized with human placental derived extracellular matrix for management of skin wounds: An animal study
Authors: Jafari Davod , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Alizadeh Sanaz , Rajabi Fomeshi Motahareh , Amoupour Moein , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctionalization of wound dressing is one of the main approaches for promoting wound healing in skin wound management. In this study, our aim is to fabricate a bio‐functionalized hydrocolloid wound dressing.MethodsThe extracellular matrix (ECM) was extracted from human placental tissue. A hydrocolloid film was fabricated using Na‐CMC, pectin, gelatin, styrene‐isoprene‐styrene adhesive, glycerol, and 0.5%–2.5% powdered ECM. A polyurethane film and a release liner were used in the hydrocolloid/ECM films. The mechanical, adhesion, swelling rate, and integrity of the films were investigated. Cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration assays, as well as, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy were also conducted. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of wound healing process and formation of blood vessels were conducted in mouse animal models.ResultsWe successfully fabricated a three‐layered ECM‐functionalized hydrocolloid dressing with a water vapor transmission rate of 371 g/m2/day and an adhesion peel strength of 176 KPa. Cellular adhesion, proliferation and migration were promoted by ECM. In the animal tests, ECM‐functionalized hydrocolloids significantly improved wound closure and re‐epithelialization at days 14 and 21. Also, ECM‐functionalized hydrocolloids promoted the formation of hair follicles.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ECM could enhance the wound healing properties of hydrocolloid wound dressings. This wound dressing could be considered for application in hard‐to‐heal acute wounds.
Effect of oral clonidine on pain reduction in patients with opioid use disorder in the emergency department: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rostamipoor Zahra , Nazemi‐Rafi Masoomeh , Mirafzal Amirhossein , Ilka Shahab , Hosseininasab Masumeh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsPain can create physical and psychosocial discomfort. Pain management of patients with opioid misuse history can be challenging, in part due to their tolerance to opioids. Clonidine is an alpha‐2 agonist that has been used for the reduction of anxiety and pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral clonidine on pain outcomes in patients with a history of opioid use disorder presenting with orthopaedic fractures in the emergency room.MethodsIn this blinded clinical trial in the emergency department, 70 opioid‐dependent patients with orthopaedic fractures were divided into a control group of 35 and an intervention group of 35 subjects. Initially, 0.2 mg of oral clonidine was given to the intervention group and the control group received placebo tablets. Pain levels were recorded based on the Numerical Rating Scale rating before intervention, at 30 min, 1 h after intervention and at disposition from the emergency room (3‐6 h after intervention). The total morphine requirement was also recorded.ResultsThe pain score of the clonidine group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 1 h and at disposition time. The amount of morphine required was significantly reduced in the clonidine group (P < 0.05). Oral clonidine had no significant effect on pulse rate. Oral clonidine was more effective for pain reduction in lower limb injuries.ConclusionOral clonidine significantly reduced pain and the need for morphine in opioid‐dependent patients with orthopaedic fractures.
Paclitaxel may inhibit migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3/caspase‐1/Gasdermin E mediated pyroptosis pathway
Authors: Xu Peng‐peng , Wu Jie , Zhang Jing , Yu Tian‐yue , Wang Yu‐bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a gastric epithelium‐derived malignancy insensitive to post‐surgical radiotherapy. Paclitaxel, an anti‐microtubule drug, has been proven to induce apoptosis of GC cells; however, its exact mechanism of action is unclear. Therefore, the molecular mechanism by which paclitaxel inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells was investigated in this study. First off, SNU‐719 cells were co‐cultured with paclitaxel and/or Caspase1 inhibitor VX765. Then the proliferation ability of the cells was detected by MTT after paclitaxel treatment (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 nM), the migration ability by scratch assay, and the invasion ability by Transwell assay. Next, the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 in cell culture supernatant were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured by a corresponding kit. Finally, western blot was performed to detect the concentrations of Gasdermin E (GSDME), GSDME‐N, nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase‐1, cleaved caspase‐1 protein in GC cells. As a result, paclitaxel inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SNU‐719 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, it induced the pyroptosis of SNU‐719 cells. After cell co‐culture with VX765 paclitaxel showed decreased inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of SNU‐719 cells. VX765, additionally, suppressed the NLRP3/caspase‐1/GSDME mediated pyroptosis pathway activated by paclitaxel. In a nutshell, paclitaxel may inhibit the migration and invasion of GC cells SNU‐719 through the NLRP3/caspase‐1/GSDME mediated pyroptosis pathway.
Germinal centers are associated with postthymectomy myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma
Authors: Chung Hye Yoon , Shin Ha Young , Choi Young‐Chul , Park Hyung Jun , Lee Jin Gu , Lee Chang Young , Park Byung Jo , Kim Gi Jeong , Kim Seung Woo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeGerminal centers (GCs) can be observed in the thymic tissues of patients with thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis (MG). Although an association between thymic GCs and MG has been suggested, it is unknown whether the presence of GCs could predict the development of MG after the resection of thymoma, known as postthymectomy MG.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of previously nonmyasthenic patients who underwent surgical removal of the thymoma. All available thymic tissue slides were rereviewed by a pathologist to assess for GCs. Patients were classified into GC‐positive and GC‐negative groups based on the presence of GCs. The incidence of postthymectomy MG was compared between the two groups, and the risk factors for postthymectomy MG were assessed.ResultsOf the 196 previously nonmyasthenic patients who underwent thymoma resection, 21 were GC‐positive, whereas 175 were GC‐negative. Postthymectomy MG developed in 11 (5.6%) patients and showed a higher incidence in the GC‐positive group than in the GC‐negative group (33.3% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001). No postoperative radiotherapy and the presence of GCs were risk factors for postthymectomy MG in the univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, invasive thymoma (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.835, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.358–105.372), postoperative radiotherapy (HR = 0.160, 95% CI = 0.029–0.893), and presence of GCs (HR = 15.834, 95% CI = 3.742–67.000) were significantly associated with postthymectomy MG.ConclusionsThymic GCs may be a significant risk factor for postthymectomy MG. Even in patients with thymoma who do not show clinical symptoms of MG, postthymectomy MG should be considered, especially if thymic GCs are observed.
Harnessing mobility data to capture changing work from home behaviours between censuses
Authors: Gibbs Hamish , Ballantyne Patrick , Cheshire James , Singleton Alex , Green Mark A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of working from home patterns in England using data from the 2021 Census to understand (1) how patterns of working from home (WFH) in England have shifted since the COVID‐19 pandemic and (2) whether human mobility indicators, specifically Google Community Mobility Reports, provide a reliable proxy for WFH patterns recorded by the 2021 Census, providing a formal evaluation of the reliability of such datasets, whose applications have grown exponentially over the COVID‐19 pandemic. We find that WFH patterns recorded by the 2021 Census were unique compared with previous UK censuses, reflecting an unprecedented increase likely caused by persistent changes to employment during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a clear social gradient emerging across the country. We also find that Google mobility in ‘Residential’ and ‘Workplace’ settings provides a reliable measurement of the distribution of WFH populations across Local Authorities, with varying uncertainties for mobility indicators collected in different settings. These findings provide insights into the utility of such datasets to support population research in intercensal periods, where shifts may be occurring, but can be difficult to quantify empirically.
T‐cell receptor repertoire analysis of CD4‐positive T cells from blood and an affected organ in an autoimmune mouse model
Authors: Ishikawa Tatsuya , Horie Kenta , Takakura Yuki , Ohki Houko , Maruyama Yuya , Hayama Mio , Miyauchi Maki , Miyao Takahisa , Hagiwara Naho , Kobayashi Tetsuya J. , Akiyama Nobuko , Akiyama Taishin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne hallmark of some autoimmune diseases is the variability of symptoms among individuals. Organs affected by the disease differ between patients, posing a challenge in diagnosing the affected organs. Although numerous studies have investigated the correlation between T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoires and the development of infectious and immune diseases, the correlation between TCR repertoires and variations in disease symptoms among individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of TCRα and β repertoires in blood T cells with the extent of autoimmune signs that varies among individuals. We sequenced TCRα and β of CD4+CD44highCD62Llow T cells in the blood and stomachs of mice deficient in autoimmune regulator (Aire) (AIRE KO), a mouse model of human autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy. Data analysis revealed that the degree of similarity in TCR sequences between the blood and stomach varied among individual AIRE KO mice and reflected the extent of T cell infiltration in the stomach. We identified a set of TCR sequences whose frequencies in blood might correlate with extent of the stomach manifestations. Our results propose a potential of using TCR repertoires not only for diagnosing disease development but also for diagnosing affected organs in autoimmune diseases.
Perspectives of women living with type 1 diabetes regarding preconception and antenatal care: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Toledo‐Chavarri Ana , Delgado Janet , Rodríguez‐Martín Beatriz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionPregnant women with type 1 diabetes may have an increased risk of complications for both the baby and themselves. Educational programmes, preconception planning, strict glycemic control and comprehensive medical care are some of the antenatal interventions that have been proposed to improve the outcomes of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. While some evidence‐based recommendations about antenatal care are included in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), the views, and experiences of women with type 1 diabetes about these interventions are not well known.AimTo understand and synthesize the perceptions of women with type 1 diabetes about the interventions before pregnancy.MethodA qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) was carried out with a framework analysis guided by the Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group approach. Three online databases (Medline, Embase and Web of Science) were searched. We included qualitative articles that were published from 2011 to 2021 and which were available in English or Spanish.FindingsTen references met the inclusion criteria of the study and were included. Three main themes were identified: (a) acceptability of antenatal care, (b) feasibility and implementation consideration and (c) equity and accessibility difficulties.ConclusionContinuity of care, coordination between health professionals and services, and a more holistic approach are the key aspects women say need to be considered for more acceptable, feasible and equitable preconception and antenatal care.Patient or Public ContributionThis QES was carried out as part of the CPGs on diabetes mellitus type 1, carried out as part of the Spanish Network of Health Technology Assessment Agencies. In this CPG, the representatives of the patient associations are Francisco Javier Darias Yanes, from the Association for Diabetes of Tenerife, who has participated in all the phases of the CPG; Aureliano Ruiz Salmón and Julián Antonio González Hernández (representatives of the Spanish Diabetes Federation (FEDE) who have participated as collaborator and external reviewer, respectively.