bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 66 Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Sensitive Marker of Neuropsychological Deficits in Executive Functioning Tasks in Young Adults with a History of Child Abuse
Authors: Mark Christopher , Poltavski Dmitri V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Research has shown the utility of imaging measures of neural activity in identifying deficits in cognitive functioning in individuals with a history of child abuse. The purpose of this study was to measure differences that may exist between individuals who reported physical, emotional, or sexual abuse as children vs. those who did not using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the completion of executive function tasks.

Methods
The present study recruited 84 students from the University of North Dakota. The participants were administered several prescreening measures, including a measures of child abuse. Based on responses, participants were assigned to either a “no child abuse” or “child abuse” group. Next, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, the Operation Span Task, and the Connors Continuous Performance Task were administered while functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data was collected.

Results
The results showed a significantly higher rate and number of errors of commission on the Conners CPT in the child abuse group compared to the control group (F(1,57) = 6.604, p = 0.013 partial eta2 = 0.104). Neurological data revealed a statistically significant effect of group (F(1, 69) = 2.934, p = 0.043) across all executive functioning tasks. Additional tests showed these differences exist only during measures of decision-making (t(71) = 2.063, p = 0.043).

Conclusions
The results suggest that the child abuse group may show subtle neurological deficits that persist into adulthood that may not manifest on traditional measures of cognitive function. These findings have implications for the development of remediation and treatment strategies in this population.
B - 68 Resistance to Distraction and Working Memory Function: Electrophysiological Attentional Markers and Digit Span Performance
Authors: Stevens Kara , Nelson Nathanial , Davenport Nicholas , Sponheim Scott 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Working memory (WM) function requires attentional focus and resisting distracting stimuli (i.e., resistance to attentional capture [RAC]). People with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or posttraumatic stress (PTSD) often report difficulties with WM and attention. To better understand the relationship between these two executive functions, we collected neuropsychological and electrophysiological data from a sample of individuals with PTSD and/or mTBI.

Methods
We characterized WM function in 128 US military veterans (61 controls, 22 PTSD, 24 mTBI, 21 PTSD and mTBI) using the WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS). To examine RAC we completed electroencephalography recordings during an Erikson Flanker task. Flanker task trials were coded as either Congruent (flanker stimuli same direction as target) or Incongruent (opposite direction). We characterized the P1 event-related potential which has shown sensitivity to RAC.

Results
There was an interaction between Flanker Type and DS such that poorer WM performance was related to greater difficulties on Incongruent trials. Analyses of P1 amplitude revealed an interaction between DS scores and P1 amplitude with better DS performance related to larger P1 amplitudes in trials with Incongruent compared to Congruent flankers. There was also an interaction between PTSD and Flanker Type such that PTSD was associated with larger P1 amplitudes for Incongruent than Congruent flanker trials.

Conclusions
Our observations suggest greater RAC aids in WM function, and is also associated with early perception-related brain responses (i.e., P1) that modulate with demands to resist distracting stimuli. Our results also suggest PTSD is related to electrophysiological functions tied to RAC.
B - 69 Risky Sexual Behavior in Young Adult Men: Decision Making, Impulsivity, and the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Sullivan Daniel , Barkley-Levenson Emily E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To examine a biopsychosocial model (decision-making, trait impulsivity, social cognition) of risky sexual behavior (RSB) in men.

Method
Using cross-sectional and non-clinical data, 145 (66% White) single men (Mage = 22.0 y, SD = 1.7) were recruited from a research platform and subject pool. Outcomes were RSB (continuous), condom use (binary), and number of partners (count) in 6 months. We assessed the effects of decision-making (Balloon Analogue Risk Task), trait impulsivity (UPPS-P), and social cognition (Theory of Planned Behavior-Condom Use Questionnaire) on RSB. We present reduced models with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, sexual orientation, and pre-exposure prophylaxis use.

Results
Trait impulsivity was associated with RSB in all three regression models. Positive Urgency (B = 9.16 [5.18, 13.14]) and Perseverance were associated (B = −8.61 [−12.93, −4.30]) with overall RSB. Premeditation (OR = 4.50 [1.63, 12.39] and Perseverance (OR = 0.25 [0.10, 0.61]) were associated with condomless intercourse. Finally, Positive Urgency (IRR = 2.11 [1.50, 2.96]) and Perseverance (IRR = 0.29 [0.19, 0.46]) were associated with partner count. Decision-making and social cognition were non-significant.

Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of trait impulsivity in risky sex—beyond demographics, decision-making, and social cognition. Men with poorer consideration of consequences and those who take risks during positive mood engaged in greater RSB. In contrast, individuals with a propensity toward boredom might not delay gratification long enough when pursuing a partner to engage in RSB. Therefore, trait impulsivity is a critical area for future research to develop screening and intervention to promote sexual health.
B - 72 Neuropsychological Problem-Solving Styles on the Tower of London Drexel
Authors: Culbertson William , Zillmer Eric A , Ferariu Ana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Tower of LondonDX (2nd Edition TOLDX, Culbertson & Zillmer, 2005) provides a standardized measure of executive planning and problem solving. To enhance the measure’s clinical and empirical utility, four contrasting Executive Planning Styles (EPS), were identified based on two different, but moderately related (i.e., rho = −0.37), TOLDX variables, Time to First Move and Total Move Score.

Data Selection
The TOLDX normative data (Technical Manual) for participants ranging in age from 7 to 80 years (n = 990) were utilized for study. The participants were drawn from sites in the United States and Canada. An individual’s assignment to an EPS was based on initiation time and performance scores either one standard deviation above or below the mean for that individual’s normative group. Using these criteria, four contrasting EPS were identified.

Data Synthesis
The four Executive Efficiency constructs are labeled as: Q1 Efficient-Fast, exhibiting rapid, advanced planning skills; Q2 Efficient-Slow, suggesting careful, deliberate, and strategic planning; Q3 Inefficient-Fast, indicating pervasive impulsivity, nonstrategic planning, and an increased likelihood of poor rule-governed behavior; and Q4 Inefficient-Slow, suggesting limitations in executive planning, trial-and-error problem-solving, and possible cognitive limitations.

Conclusions
The purpose of this analysis was to further differentiate the executive planning process of an established measure of executive function by combing two constructs (initiation time and performance) into four Executive Planning Styles. Executive planning is a dimension of complex human behavior, and the four-quadrant conceptualization of Executive Efficiency expands our understanding of this very important neuropsychological construct.
B - 75 Recall Versus Recognition? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recall Versus Recognition Testing to Differentiate Diagnostic Groups
Authors: Furey Rachel T , Bowden Stephen C , Van Dam Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of separate recall and recognition testing in the identification of anterograde memory impairment.

Data Selection
Articles published from 2010 onwards that reported outcomes for both recall and recognition testing in patients with a diagnosed memory disorder compared to community controls were eligible for inclusion. A search of PsycINFO, Medline, and EMBASE databases in June 2020 led to a total of 63 articles. Standardized mean differences between patients and controls were calculated for recall and recognition outcomes. Study quality was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 form.

Data Synthesis
Multivariate meta-analyses revealed that overall, patients performed significantly worse than controls on both recall (Hedges’ g = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.88 to 2.87) and recognition tests (Hedges’ g = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.26 to 1.99). A comparison of effect sizes between recall and recognition outcomes using multivariate meta-analysis showed that recall tests were significantly more impaired in patients versus controls (g = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.54 to 0.98) across all test categories and all diagnostic categories, except temporal lobe epilepsy, likely due to the small sample size for this group. The results were not influenced by test material (i.e., verbal or visual), the age or education of patients, or studies considered to have a high risk of bias.

Conclusions
The results show that recall test scores provide a more effective method to identify anterograde memory impairment compared to recognition test scores, regardless of the underlying cause of memory impairment. In no diagnostic group examined did recognition testing confer any advantage.
B - 76 Neurobehavioral Sequela Following Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury to the Bilateral Hippocampi and Globus Pallidus: a Clinical Case Study
Authors: Bracks Bobby , Smith Alphonso 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury (HIBI) occurs when there is deficient oxygen supply and blood flow to the brain. HIBI can be precipitated by various factors including drug overdose. Brain regions that have high vulnerability to HIBI include the hippocampus and basal ganglia. Even when damage is limited to these two regions, research suggests that diffuse cognitive deficits and changes in behavior-emotional functioning can be observed.

Method
This case study presents on a 29-year-old female who sustained HIBI to the bilateral hippocampi and globus pallidus secondary to an opioid overdose which required a 3-day hospitalization. The patient was discharged from the hospital on suboxone therapy and completed outpatient interventions which included physical therapy as well as speech-language therapy with cognitive rehab. Although improvements in her functional status were noted, she reported having persisting difficulties with cognition in addition to post-injury behavioral-emotional changes. As such, she was referred for neuropsychological testing and the evaluation was completed 6 months after her hospitalization.

Results
Testing showed prominent memory impairments along with deficits in language, visuospatial skills, executive functioning, and attention. On questionnaires, she endorsed having concerns for depression, attention, and executive functioning in daily life whereas her mother endorsed concerns for executive functioning.

Conclusions
The patient’s neurobehavioral profile was consistent with broad ranging sequela that can be observed with HIBI. Recommendations included medication consultation for mood, compensatory cognitive strategies, and vocational rehab for individuals with neurological disabilities. Overall, this case study demonstrates the important role of neuropsychologists in the assessment and treatment of individuals recovering from HIBI.
B - 81 Neuropsychological Case Study: Transient Amnesia or “Sentinel Seizure?” Potential Prodromal Symptoms of an ACoA Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Palmeri Maria J , Barr William B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We present the neuropsychological profile of a 33-year-old female with a history of transient amnestic events preceding frontal intraparenchymal/intraventricular hemorrhage, bilateral frontal cerebral edema and subarachnoid hemorrhage following a rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACoA).

Method
Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation referral by neurology to assist with treatment planning given cognitive and behavioral changes since rupture of ACoA aneurysm. Prior to hospitalization, transient episodes of feeling as if she had been “drugged at a party,” followed by behavior changes (e.g., irritability/agitation, “not herself”) were notable, while the patient was amnestic to the events; spanning days at a time.

Results
Intellectual functioning was well-preserved. Neuropsychological testing revealed weaknesses in visuospatial organization, word retrieval, and aspects of executive functioning. Most salient were deficiencies in memory; patient was amnestic to tests shortly after administration. Striking emotional lability/frequent bouts of laughing disproportionate to the conversation and social comportment inappropriate to the setting were present.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, amnestic events preceding ACoA aneurysm rupture have not been reported, and perhaps the symptoms this patient experienced prior to the event were indeed prodromal in nature. Therefore, the potentially rare phenomena in the form of transient amnesia should be further investigated. While these symptoms of memory lapses may be nonspecific and unique to the patient, we also cannot rule out possible “sentinel seizure” as a potential warning sign.
B - 82 Relations between Subjective and Objective Memory Functioning: Investigating Psychometric Equivalence across Race Using Structural Equation Models
Authors: Su Charlie , Dimmick Andrew , Rafiuddin Hanan , Bart Thomas , Cicero David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We assessed the relations between the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ) and the Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (SEVLT) for equivalence across race. Secondary objectives include evaluating the SMCQ for measurement invariance across race.

Methods
The current study accessed data from the University of North Texas Health Science Center’s Health and Aging Brain Study – Health Disparities (HABS-HD). We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the SMCQ for measurement invariance across Black (n = 515), Hispanic (n = 1104), and White (n = 1096) Americans. We first specified a configural model to assess the fit of the underlying structure across groups, followed by a scalar model to determine whether scores reflect comparable levels of the latent construct. Next, we regressed the SEVLT on the SMCQ to test the relation between subjective and objective memory functioning. Lastly, we specified a multigroup SEM to compare unconstrained and constrained regression models across race.

Results
Full scalar invariance was tenable for the SMCQ (ΔCFI = 0.007, NCI = 0.023). There were significant negative relations between the SMCQ and the SEVLT for each group (Black: b = −2.31; Hispanic: b = −1.63; White: b = −2.72), but the relations were not equivalent across groups [χ2 diff (df) = 20.2.45 (2), p &lt; 0.001].

Conclusions
Results suggest that the SMCQ can be administered to screen Black, Hispanic, and White individuals for memory functioning and that mean comparisons can be made. Differential regression coefficients suggest that clinical thresholds may need to be set independently across groups to promote clinical utility.
B - 92 Poor Olfaction Prior to Cardiac Surgery: Associations with Cognition, Plasma Neurofilament Light and Postoperative Delirium in a Prospective Nested Cohort Study
Authors: Le Lan M , Yanek Lisa , Neufeld Karin J , Moghekar Abhay , Hogue Charles , Brown Charles H , Kamath Vidyulata 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study examined the association between pre-operative olfactory performance and delirium after cardiac surgery. As a secondary aim, we examined the relationship between baseline olfaction, cognitive functioning, and plasma neurofilament light (NfL).

Method
Individuals undergoing cardiac surgery were recruited as part of a clinical trial in which blood pressure during bypass was targeted using cerebral autoregulation monitoring. There were 189 participants (mean age = 70 years; 75% men). At baseline, olfaction, cognition, and plasma concentrations of NfL were assessed using the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), a battery of neuropsychological tests, and the Simoa™ NF-Light Assay, respectively. Impaired olfaction was defined as a score of ≤8 for men and ≤ 9 for women. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and CAM-ICU, and delirium severity was assessed using the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-1998 (DRS-R-98). The association of baseline olfaction and delirium and delirium severity was examined in regression models adjusting for age, duration of bypass, a surgery risk score, and baseline cognitive performance.

Results
In adjusted models, impaired olfaction at baseline was associated with both incident delirium (OR = 2.25, p = 0.04) and greater delirium severity (OR = 2.10, p = 0.04) after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, worse baseline olfaction was associated with impaired cognition (p &lt; 0.001) and increased perioperative concentrations of plasma NfL (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Pre-operative olfactory testing may provide insight into brain vulnerability, cognitive dysfunction, and delirium risk in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery. Psychophysical olfactory assessment may inform strategies for patient risk stratification and early identification of individuals at risk for post-operative delirium, allowing for delirium-prevention strategies.
B - 93 Appropriateness of Test of Premorbid Functioning for Predicting Premorbid Functioning in Spanish/English Speaking Military Veterans Affairs Population
Authors: Mohebpour Ida , Bain Kathleen M , Marceaux Janice C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To examine the degree of discrepancy between Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) predicted and actual WAIS-IV FSIQ between monolingual English-speaking veterans (MV) and bilingual English/Spanish-speaking veterans (BV).

Method
Data from neuropsychological evaluation of 97 clinically referred veterans (Mage = 53.02, SD = 14.24, range = 23–80; Medu = 13.87, SD = 2.86, range = 6–20; 81 MV, 16 BV) were included. The percentage of male participants was 80.4. Inclusion criteria were completion of the TOPF and the full standard Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Exclusion criteria were PVT failure, neurocognitive disorder, learning disability, substance use disorders, and psychotic disorders. Mean TOPF-predicted FSIQ (combined demographic + TOPF) and mean WAIS-IV FSIQ were computed for each group, as well as mean discrepancy between observed and predicted FSIQ (DISo-p).

Results
MV and BV differed in mean WAIS-IV FSIQ (t = 3.20, p = .0002) and mean TOPF-predicted FSIQ (t = 2.09, p = .039). Mean DISo-p was −1.88 for MV and −5.75 for BV. Mean DISo-p did not differ significantly between monolingual and bilingual groups (t = 1.71, p = .090).

Conclusions
In a veteran sample, the TOPF combined prediction model functioned similarly for MV and BV without cognitive impairment. This provides preliminary support for the use of this measure to predict premorbid intellectual functioning among English/Spanish bilingual veterans. Additional research is needed to examine impact of English proficiency, age of acquisition, and education level on FSIQ prediction among bilingual veterans and in the population at large.
B - 94 Music in Rehabilitation to Improve Psychomotor Function in Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Morales Yly , Alcina Jorge , Martinez Jorge Rodriguez 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this literature review was to explore the effects of incorporating music in the rehabilitation of psychomotor function in post-stroke patients.

Data Selection
A systematic review of the literature was conducted using databases APA PsycNet, ProQuest, PubMed, National Library of Medicine, SpringerLink, Cobimet, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles published in English between 2017 and 2023 examining the correlation of music and improvement of psychomotor function in post-stroke patients. Keywords used were psychomotor function, post-stroke patients, motor rehabilitation, stroke rehabilitation, and neural plasticity. A total number of 14 articles were reviewed, of which 8 articles were retained meeting the aforementioned criteria.

Data Synthesis
Primary findings indicate that music may play a fundamental role in improving functioning of post-stroke patients across various domains, including psychomotor functioning. Neural networks can be stimulated and developed by rhythmic music training. Evidence indicates that music facilitates movement planning and preparation in post-stroke rehabilitation by inducing reward systems and releasing neurotransmitters and hormones (i.e., dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin). Clinical research has suggested that engaging in auditory-motor rehabilitation provides significant improvement to varying qualitative aspects of gait, non-dominant grip strength, fine and gross motor skills, intentional movement accuracy, movement velocity, and facilitates neuroplasticity.

Conclusions
Integrating music into traditional rehabilitation stands to provide a more robust method of psychomotor return for those impacted by cerebrovascular accidents. Further studies may establish if similar neurochemical activation can influence patients undergoing post-stroke rehabilitation who are deaf, as well as if particular music genres are more effective than others.
B - 97 The Occipital Lobe’s Involvement in Trauma and Treatment: a Neuropsychological Perspective
Authors: Naylor Cara , Tozser Timea , Castillo Brandon , Rinehart Kaitlyn , Lee Madeline , WIlliams Julie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Emerging research has demonstrated activation of the occipital lobe and visual pathways during the reexperiencing of traumatic events and hypervigilance. Treatments such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing are efficacious among clients seen after traumatic events occur. This poster explores relationships between the occipital lobe and trauma responses to integrate neuropsychological interventions in treating trauma symptoms.

Data Selection
A literature review was conducted of peer review articles from 1999 to 2023 from ResearchGate, Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Frontiers in Psychology, Journal of EDMR Practice and Research, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Psychological Medicine, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience and Journal of Anxiety Disorders. Informal analyses were used to identify keywords and themes across articles, including occipital lobe, hypervigilance, EMDR, neuropsychology and PTSD.

Data Synthesis
Brain imaging studies show activation in the amygdala and occipital lobe domains during periods of re-experiencing, and high arousal states akin to hypervigilance, which is consistent with the neurocircuitry model of PTSD. Neurological or neuropsychological interventions that target the visual system may also aid in healing from trauma. Treatments such as EMDR effectively utilize the relationship between the brain and behavior to engage the occipital lobe when addressing trauma-related triggers.

Conclusions
The future of neuropsychological research should further explore the occipital lobe’s role in re-experiencing traumatic events and hypervigilance. This collaboration could determine interventions like sensory integration or other occupational therapy interventions focused on improving the daily functioning of individuals with PTSD. Neurorehabilitation interventions focusing on the occipital lobe could improve treatment outcomes in individuals with PTSD.