bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food samples
Authors: Li Qing , Dou Leina , Zhang Yingjie , Luo Liang , Yang Huijuan , Wen Kai , Yu Xuezhi , Shen Jianzhong , Wang Zhanhui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStaphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, cause a wide range of food poisoning and seriously threaten human health by infiltrating the food supply chain at different phases of manufacture, processes, distribution, and market. The significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus calls for efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection of SEs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the hazards of SEs in contaminated food, the characteristic and worldwide regulations of SEs, and various detection methods for SEs with extensive comparison and discussion of benefits and drawbacks, mainly including biological detection, genetic detection, and mass spectrometry detection and biosensors. We highlight the biosensors for the screening purpose of SEs, which are classified according to different recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, T‐cell receptors, and transducers such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. We analyzed challenges of biosensors for the monitoring of SEs and conclude the trends for the development of novel biosensors should pay attention to improve samples pretreatment efficiency, employ innovative nanomaterials, and develop portable instruments. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, important to the development and innovation of further detection methods for SEs in food samples.
Nonenzymatic glycation as a tunable technique to modify plant proteins: A comprehensive review on reaction process, mechanism, conjugate structure, and functionality
Authors: Gao Kun , Zha Fengchao , Rao Jiajia , Chen Bingcan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant proteins are expected to become a major protein source to replace currently used animal‐derived proteins in the coming years. However, there are always challenges when using these proteins due to their low water solubility induced by the high molecular weight storage proteins. One approach to address this challenge is to modify proteins through Maillard glycation, which involves the reaction between proteins and carbohydrates. In this review, we discuss various chemical methods currently available for determining the indicators of the Maillard reaction in the early stage, including the graft degree of glycation and the available lysine or sugar, which are involved in the very beginning of the reaction. We also provide a detailed description of the most popular methods for determining graft sites and assessing different plant protein structures and functionalities upon non‐enzymatic glycation. This review offers valuable insights for researchers and food scientists in order to develop plant‐based protein ingredients with improved functionality.
Gastrointestinal barrier function, immunity, and neurocognition: The role of human milk oligosaccharide (hMO) supplementation in infant formula
Authors: Kassai Sonia , de Vos Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBreastmilk is seen as the gold standard for infant nutrition as it provides nutrients and compounds that stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development to the infant. However, there are many instances where it is not possible for an infant to be fed with breastmilk, especially for the full 6 months recommended by the World Health Organization. In such instances, infant formula is seen as the next best approach. However, infant formulas do not contain human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs), which are uniquely present in human milk as the third most abundant solid component. hMOs have been linked to many health benefits, such as the development of the gut microbiome, the immune system, the intestinal barrier, and a healthy brain. This paper reviews the effects of specific hMOs applied in infant formula on the intestinal barrier, including the not‐often‐recognized intestinal alkaline phosphatase system that prevents inflammation. Additionally, impact on immunity and the current proof for effects in neurocognitive function and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Recent studies suggest that hMOs can alter gut microbiota, modulate intestinal immune barrier function, and promote neurocognitive function. The hMOs 2′‐fucosyllactose and lacto‐N‐neotetraose have been found to have positive effects on the development of infants and have been deemed safe for use in formula. However, their use has been limited due to their cost and complexity of synthesis. Thus, although many benefits have been described, complex hMOs and combinations of hMOs with other oligosaccharides are the best approach to stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development and for the prevention of disease.
Arduino‐integrated flight mill: A cost‐effective approach to studying insect flight behavior
Authors: Do Yuno , Park Woong‐Bae , Choi Tae‐Jun , Kim Ji Yeong , Cho Youngho , Choi Moon Bo , Kim Baek‐Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the study of insect flight behavior has gained prominence, offering insights into their dispersal strategies, habitat preferences, and potential migration patterns. Recognizing the need for a precise tool to capture insect flight, we developed an Arduino‐integrated flight mill that offers researchers affordability, accuracy, and adaptability. Our flight mill was rigorously tested on two insect species, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis and Polygonia c‐aureum, and proved effective in recording their unique flight patterns. Key to the precision of our flight mill is the integration of advanced materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, which reduces friction, and the incorporation of magnetic sensing for meticulous data capture. These design choices ensure that the natural flight speed of the insect is replicated with minimal disturbance. Additionally, the implementation of a dedicated R script for data analysis provides researchers with a comprehensive platform, allowing them to delve deeply into various metrics, visualize patterns, and make informed conclusions. However, our flight mill is not without challenges. Mastery of the Arduino platform and R programming environment is essential for optimal use, which could pose barriers for those unfamiliar with these platforms. Moreover, although carefully designed, the mounting mechanism may still influence the natural behavior of the insect. Despite these challenges, the potential applications of our flight mill are myriad. From basic entomological research to practical applications in pest management and conservation, its versatility is evident. The adaptability of the tool also makes it an excellent resource in educational settings, offering students hands‐on experience in studying insect behavior.
Greater vulnerability to cannabis dependence among heavy cannabis user French women
Authors: Guillem Eric , Baylé Franck J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBetween 1990 and the mid‐2010s, France registered a sharp rise in the spread and consumption of cannabis. At the same time, there has been an increase in the concentration of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol contained in cannabis. The aims of our study are to measure addictive and psychiatric comorbidities in cannabis users in France, and to compare characteristics between women and men.MethodsThree hundred and forty‐two heavy cannabis users seen in a cannabis clinic between 2004 and 2014 were assessed during a 2‐h clinical interview (DSM‐IV, MINI).Results83.2% of users are currently cannabis dependent, 10.6% alcohol dependent, and 2.1% cocaine/crack dependent. 37.8% have a current mood disorder, 47.6% have a current anxiety disorder, and 8.8% are psychotic. Women suffer significantly more often than men from major depressive episodes, dysthymia, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), both current and lifetime. Logistic regression shows that women have a significantly higher risk than men of suffering from PTSD over their lifetime (odds ratio [OR] = 5.48; p < 10−3). The vast majority of women suffering from PTSD report having been sexually assaulted in the course of their lives. In addition, women are at greater risk of cannabis dependence (OR = 3.87; p < .05) for lower cannabis consumption (grams smoked per week) (OR = 0.96; p < .05).Discussion and ConclusionsFrench women heavy cannabis users are particularly at risk of PTSD and are more likely than men to be dependent despite consuming fewer.Scientific SignificanceFurther studies are needed to clinically quantify cannabis consumption and distinguish its impact on women and men.
Management of acute cervical spinal cord injury in the non‐specialist intensive care unit: a narrative review of current evidence
Authors: Wiles M. D. , Benson I. , Edwards L. , Miller R. , Tait F. , Wynn‐Hebden A. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryEach year approximately one million people suffer spinal cord injury, which has significant physical, psychosocial and economic impacts on patients and their families. Spinal cord rehabilitation centres are a well‐established part of the care pathway for patients with spinal cord injury and facilitate improvements in functional independence and reductions in healthcare costs. Within the UK, however, there are a limited number of spinal cord injury centres, which delays admission. Patients and their families often perceive that they are not receiving specialist care while being treated in non‐specialist units. This review aimed to provide clinicians who work in non‐specialist spinal injury centres with a summary of contemporary studies relevant to the critical care management of patients with cervical spinal cord injury. We undertook a targeted literature review including guidelines, systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, clinical trials and randomised controlled trials published in English between 1 June 2017 and 1 June 2023. Studies involving key clinical management strategies published before this time, but which have not been updated or repeated, were also included. We then summarised the key management themes: acute critical care management approaches (including ventilation strategies, blood pressure management and tracheostomy insertion); respiratory weaning techniques; management of pain and autonomic dysreflexia; and rehabilitation.
The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis regulates Th1 cell differentiation and migration in experimental autoimmune prostatitis through the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Yue Shao‐Yu , Niu Di , Ma Wen‐Ming , Guan Yu , Liu Qiu‐Shi , Wang Xiao‐Bin , Xiao Yun‐Zheng , Meng Jialin , Ding Ke , Zhang Li , Du He‐Xi , Liang Chao‐Zhao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis regulating Th1 cell differentiation and migration through the PI3K/AKT pathway in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).MethodsExperimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) model, a well‐described and validated animal model of CP/CPPS, was used in our study. After treatment with CXCL10, the severity of EAP and Th1 cell proportion were respectively measured by HE stains, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Then, the protein expression of the PI3K/AKT pathway in CXCL10/CXCR3‐regulated Th1 cell differentiation and migration was evaluated by western blotting. Additionally, by the CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 applications, the effects of CXCL10/CXCR3 through PI3K/AKT pathway on the Th1 cell differentiation and migration were further assessed.ResultsThe EAP model was successfully built. CXCL10 increased the proportion of Th1 cells in EAP mice, accompanied by upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Additionally, the PI3K/AKT pathway was found to be involved in CXCL10/CXCR3 axis‐mediated Th1 cell differentiation and migration.ConclusionsOur investigations indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis regulates Th1 cell differentiation and migration in EAP through the PI3K/AKT pathway, which provides a new perspective on the immunological mechanisms of CP/CPPS.
ST waveform analysis vs cardiotocography alone for intrapartum fetal monitoring: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Blix Ellen , Brurberg Kjetil Gundro , Reierth Eirik , Reinar Liv Merete , Øian Pål 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionST waveform analysis (STAN) was introduced as an adjunct to cardiotocography (CTG) to improve neonatal and maternal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to quantify the efficacy of STAN vs CTG and assess the quality of the evidence using GRADE.Material and methodsWe performed systematic literature searches to identify randomized controlled trials and assessed included studies for risk of bias. We performed meta‐analyses, calculating pooled risk ratio (RR) or Peto odds ratio (OR). We also performed post hoc trial sequential analyses for selected outcomes to assess the risk of false‐positive results and the need for additional studies.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials including 28 729 women were included in the meta‐analysis. There were no differences between the groups in operative deliveries for fetal distress (10.9 vs 11.1%; RR 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.11). STAN was associated with a significantly lower rate of metabolic acidosis (0.45% vs 0.68%; Peto OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.48–0.90). Accordingly, 441 women need to be monitored with STAN instead of CTG alone to prevent one case of metabolic acidosis. Women allocated to STAN had a reduced risk of fetal blood sampling compared with women allocated to conventional CTG monitoring (12.5% vs 19.6%; RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.49–0.80). The quality of the evidence was high to moderate.ConclusionsAbsolute effects of STAN were minor and the clinical significance of the observed reduction in metabolic acidosis is questioned. There is insufficient evidence to state that STAN as an adjunct to CTG leads to important clinical benefits compared with CTG alone.
Editorial: Unmasking the silent threat—acute kidney injury in alcohol‐associated hepatitis. Authors' reply
Authors: Tyson Luke D. , Atkinson Stephen , Hunter Robert W. , Thursz Mark , Vergis Nikhil 
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tyson et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17733 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17771
Letter: Estimating the incidence of HBsAg seroclearance after cessation of tenofovir and entecavir—potential influence of censored observation. Authors' reply
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hung , Peng Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Chen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17602 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17767
Microscopy and spectroscopy approaches to study GPCR structure and function
Authors: Fessl Tomáš , Majellaro Maria , Bondar Alexey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe GPCR signalling cascade is a key pathway responsible for the signal transduction of a multitude of physical and chemical stimuli, including light, odorants, neurotransmitters and hormones. Understanding the structural and functional properties of the GPCR cascade requires direct observation of signalling processes in high spatial and temporal resolution, with minimal perturbation to endogenous systems. Optical microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are uniquely suited to this purpose because they excel at multiple spatial and temporal scales and can be used in living objects. Here, we review recent developments in microscopy and spectroscopy technologies which enable new insights into GPCR signalling. We focus on advanced techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution, single‐molecule methods, labelling strategies and approaches suitable for endogenous systems and large living objects. This review aims to assist researchers in choosing appropriate microscopy and spectroscopy approaches for a variety of applications in the study of cellular signalling.
Dental staff and patient attitudes about nicotine replacement therapy samples in dental care: A National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network study
Authors: Japuntich Sandra J. , Dunbar Michael S. , Predmore Zachary , Bloom Erika Litvin , Fang Pearl , Basile Sarah , Rindal D. Brad , Waiwaiole Lisa A. , Carpenter Matthew J. , Kopycka‐Kedzierawski Dorota T. , Dahne Jennifer , Lischka Tamara R. , Richardson Peggy ,   The National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesCigarette smoking negatively affects oral health. Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT; e.g. nicotine patch or lozenge) and brief interventions (e.g. Ask‐Advise‐Refer; AAR) can improve cessation outcomes but are underutilized. NRT sampling (NRTS) increases NRT utilization by providing patients with samples of NRT as part of routine healthcare. Ask‐Advise‐Refer is a brief intervention where practitioners: ask patients about tobacco use, advise those using tobacco to quit and refer to the state quit line. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore dental care practitioners' and patients' attitudes and experiences regarding tobacco cessation treatment and perceptions of two brief intervention models, assessed separately: NRTS and AAR.MethodsTwenty‐four dental care practitioners and nine patients, recruited through the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network, participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews. Interviews assessed experiences with tobacco use intervention and attitudes towards NRTS and AAR. Thematic analysis identified emergent themes related to feasibility and acceptability of NRTS and AAR.ResultsPractitioners varied on how they address tobacco use, from systematically to idiosyncratically. Some practitioners recommend NRT; few had prescribed it. Practitioners had favourable attitudes towards AAR and NRTS, with most believing that both interventions would be acceptable and feasible to implement. Concerns regarding AAR were time and patient resistance to discussing tobacco use. Concerns regarding NRTS were patient resistance to using NRT, side effects or medication interactions, and capacity to provide follow‐up. Patients reported that oral health practitioners generally ask about tobacco use but do not provide interventions. Patients were open to discussing their tobacco use with practitioners and had favourable attitudes about NRTS.ConclusionsThis formative work suggests that NRTS and AAR may be feasible to implement in dental care settings. Future studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and implementation potential of NRTS in dental care settings.
On the eve of the “Philosophy of Symbolic Forms”: Cassirer and Hegel
Authors: Ferrari Massimo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper aims at focusing on Cassirer's relationship with Hegel during the crucial period when Cassirer is outlining and completing the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms in the early 1920s. The main thesis is that Cassirer has never abandoned his original Neo‐Kantian approach, despite the fact that it has been enriched within the perspective of a philosophy of culture indebted to some extent also to Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. However, Cassirer maintains that Kant's critical idealism must be contrasted with Hegel's absolute idealism, keeping thereby open the process of the spirit that cannot close itself in a definitive logical structure. This critical stance is shared by some contemporaries of Cassirer such as Dilthey, Windelband, and above all Natorp. We have thus to read Cassirer's project against the historical backdrop of the ‘Hegel‐Renaissance’ in Germany, a circumstance that, according to the author, can contribute to a more adequate understanding of Cassirer's opus magnum.
Persistent pandemic: The unequal impact of COVID labor on early career academics
Authors: Ballif Edmée , Zinn Isabelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has not only highlighted preexisting inequalities in academia but has also exacerbated them while giving rise to novel forms of disparities. Drawing upon our experiences as women, parents, and early career academics (ECAs) in Switzerland and enriched by feminist theory on reproductive labor and carework, we examine the unequal impacts of the pandemic. First, our analysis reveals how the pandemic disproportionately impacted ECAs, a group already in a position of precarity within academia. Second, we identify the broad range of tasks brought about by the pandemic as “COVID labor”. This essential labor—undervalued, invisible, and often unpaid—had a particularly negative impact on ECAs. Third, looking at various intersections of difference, we emphasize that the experience of COVID labor was far from uniform among ECAs with institutional responses disregarding its extent and unequal distribution. In conclusion, we underscore the importance of acknowledging the long‐term consequences of COVID labor on ECAs, particularly those belonging to underrepresented groups. Neglecting these issues may lead to the loss of a wide range of talented scholars for reasons that are not related to the quality of their academic performance.
Organizing vulnerability exploring Judith Butler's conceptualization of vulnerability to study organizations
Authors: Scheibmayr Isabella 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that vulnerability as conceptualized by Judith Butler is a useful lens to study organizations. Judith Butler conceptualizes vulnerability as both universally shared human condition and individually experienced, thereby describes how vulnerability is both a bodily ontology (we are all vulnerable due to our human bodies being dependent on each other to support us), and an epistemic frame (through vulnerability we can know), resulting in an ethical response‐ability (to not hurt one another). Vulnerability, though universally shared, is individually experienced and unequally distributed, because it depends on what Judith Butler calls “social infrastructures”. Organizations and their organizing practices constitute such social infrastructures and at the same time depend on them. Using a vulnerability lens makes it possible to study how organizations co‐constitute vulnerability and the positionality that they inhabit toward vulnerability.
The efficacy of electroacupuncture in among early diabetic patients with lower limb arteriosclerotic wounds
Authors: Sang Peng , Zhao Jiahui , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers are the prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, frequently culminating in arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities and consequent development of chronic wounds. The effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) as therapeutic intervention for promoting wound healing in this particular group of patients has been comprehensively assessed in this study. A randomized controlled trial involving 380 early diabetic patients with arteriosclerotic lesions of the lower limbs was conducted. Standard wound care plus EA was administered to the treatment group, while standard wound care alone was administered to the control group. The principal outcome assessed was the reduction in lesion size following the 8‐week treatment period. Pain scores, recuperation time, and quality of life (QoL) evaluations constituted secondary outcomes. In comparison to the control group, the treatment group exhibited a significantly greater reduction in wound size (p < 0.05). The treatment group exhibited significantly reduced pain scores and significantly higher QoL scores (p < 0.05). The duration of recovery did not vary substantially among the groups (p > 0.05). Electroacupuncture thus appeared to be an effective adjunctive treatment for early diabetic patients with lower limb arteriosclerotic lesions, promoting pain relief and quality of life. Additional investigation is necessary to validate these results and delve into the underlying mechanisms of action.