bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Internet‐based rumination‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness‐based intervention with guided support in reducing risks of depression and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mak Winnie W. S. , Tong Alan C. Y. , Fu Amanda C. M. , Leung Ivy W. Y. , Jung Olivia H. C. , Watkins Edward R. , Lui Wacy W. S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRumination and worry are common risk factors of depression and anxiety. Internet‐based transdiagnostic interventions targeting individuals with these specific risks may be an effective way to prevent depression and anxiety. This three‐arm randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of Internet‐based rumination‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RFCBT), mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI), and psychoeducation (EDU) control among 256 at‐risk individuals. Participants' levels of rumination, worry, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were assessed at post‐intervention (6 weeks), 3‐month, and 9‐month follow‐ups. Linear mixed model analysis results showed similar levels of improvement in all outcomes across the three conditions. Changes in rumination differed comparing RFCBT and MBI, where a significant reduction in rumination was noted at a 3‐month follow‐up among participants in RFCBT, and no significant long‐term effect among participants in MBI was noted at a 9‐month follow‐up. All three conditions showed similar reductions in risks and symptoms, implying that the two active interventions were not superior to EDU control. The high attrition at follow‐ups suggested a need to exercise caution when interpreting the findings. Future studies should tease apart placebo effect and identify ways to improve adherence.
Do seeding and seedling planting result in similar restored plant communities?
Authors: Butterfield Bradley J. , Munson Seth M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsRestoration practitioners often face a tradeoff between low cost but risky seeding vs expensive but more reliable seedling planting to meet revegetation goals. Knowing under what environmental and management conditions direct seeding vs seedling planting benefit different species could improve restoration practice.MethodsWe compared seed emergence to planted‐seedling survival among perennial herbaceous species commonly used in restoration across eight experimental restoration sites on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We used linear models to assess relationships between emergence and survival among species, and to assess the effects of site climate and seeding pre‐treatments on those relationships.ResultsWe found that among species, emergence was positively correlated with survival in the cooler sites, meaning that species with high emergence also had high survival and vice versa, but had no relationship in the hottest sites. Furthermore, pre‐treatments to enhance soil moisture in seeded plots, specifically microtopography (pits) and mulch, also resulted in positive relationships between emergence and survival among species, while seeding without additional soil pre‐treatments did not. Seedling planting cost 14 times as much as direct seeding alone, dropping to nine times as much when pre‐treatments were combined with seeding.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that investments in seedling planting at hotter dryland sites, or in creating microtopography or mulching prior to seeding across sites, are likely to promote establishment success compared to simple seeding methods in degraded dryland ecosystems. These findings also identify opportunities for hybrid seeding and planting approaches that balance tradeoffs between risk and cost, respectively.
Perspective Taking Reflects Beliefs About Partner Sophistication: Modern Computer Partners Versus Basic Computer and Human Partners
Authors: Loy Jia E. , Demberg Vera 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigate partner effects on spatial perspective taking behavior in listeners, comparing behavior with a human versus a computer partner (Experiments 1 and 2), and with computer partners of different perceived capabilities (Experiment 3). Participants responded to spoken instructions from their partner which could be interpreted egocentrically (from their own perspective) or othercentrically (from their partner's perspective). In contrast to earlier work, we found that participants were more egocentric with a computer than a human partner. Participants were also more egocentric with a computer partner that appeared more modern and capable, compared to one that appeared outdated and limited in ability. Our results show that perspective taking behavior is sensitive to information about one's partner; in particular, listeners consider their partner's potential ability to collaborate, adjusting their egocentric tendencies accordingly. Moreover, we highlight what appears to be a shift in listeners' expectations regarding computers' collaborative capabilities, leading to greater willingness to push the burden of perspective taking onto a computer partner.
Glycaemic control efficacy of switching from dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors to oral semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, prospective, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group comparison study (SWITCH‐SEMA 2 study)
Authors: Furusawa Sho , Nomoto Hiroshi , Yokoyama Hiroki , Suzuki Yuka , Tsuzuki Atsushi , Takahashi Kiyohiko , Miya Aika , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Takeuchi Jun , Nagai So , Taneda Shinji , Kurihara Yoshio , Nakamura Akinobu , Atsumi Tatsuya ,   SWITCH‐SEMA 2 study group
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo assess whether oral semaglutide provides better glycaemic control, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i) continuation, in people with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn this multicentre, open‐label, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group comparison study, participants receiving DPP‐4is were either switched to oral semaglutide (3‐14 mg/day) or continued on DPP‐4is. The primary endpoint was the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) over 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included changes in metabolic parameters and biomarkers, along with the occurrence of adverse events. Factors associated with HbA1c improvement were also explored.ResultsIn total, 174 eligible participants were enrolled; 17 dropped out of the study. Consequently, 82 participants in the DPP‐4i group and 75 participants in the semaglutide group completed the study and were included in the analysis. Improvement in HbA1c at week 24 was significantly greater when switching to semaglutide compared with DPP‐4i continuation [−0.65 (95% confidence interval: −0.79, −0.51) vs. +0.05 (95% confidence interval: −0.07, 0.16) (p < .001)]. Body weight, lipid profiles and liver enzymes were significantly improved in the semaglutide group than in the DPP‐4i continuation group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that baseline HbA1c and homeostasis model assessment 2‐R were independently associated with HbA1c improvement after switching to semaglutide. Seven participants in the semaglutide group discontinued medication because of gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionsAlthough the potential for gastrointestinal symptoms should be carefully considered, switching from DPP‐4is to oral semaglutide may be beneficial for glycaemic control and metabolic abnormalities in people with higher HbA1c and insulin resistance.
Effect of drug treatment changes and seizure outcomes on depression and suicidality in adults with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Mula Marco , Borghs Simon , Ferro Bruno , Zaccara Gaetano , Dainese Filippo , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Romigi Andrea , Gambardella Antonio , Perucca Emilio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate changes in depressive and suicidality status and their relationship with seizure outcomes after the addition or substitution of another antiseizure medication (ASM) in adults with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy.MethodsSeven hundred seventy consecutively enrolled patients were assessed and followed prospectively for seizure outcome and depressive status over a 6‐month period after starting treatment with a newly introduced ASM. The Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDIE) was used to screen for depression and suicidality. Correlations of NDDIE results with clinical and treatment‐related variables were assessed by using a stepwise logistic regression model.ResultsAt baseline, 50% of patients had a positive screening test result for depression and 13% had a positive screening test result for suicidal ideation. A psychiatric comorbidity at baseline was associated with a 2.3 times increased risk of an initially negative NDDIE screening result becoming positive at re‐assessment after 6 months. In addition, the number of ASMs taken at baseline correlated with an increased risk of a change in depression screening test results from negative to positive during follow‐up, whereas no association was identified with sociodemographic and epilepsy‐related variables, including seizure outcomes. Approximately 6% of patients who were initially negative at screening for suicidal ideation became positive at the 6‐month re‐assessment. The risk of switch from a negative to a positive screening test result for suicidal ideation was increased more than two‐fold in individuals who screened positive for depression at baseline, and was unrelated to the type of ASM introduced, sociodemographic variables, or seizure outcomes.SignificanceAlmost 1 in 5 adults with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy who screen negative for depression become positive when re‐assessed 6 months after a treatment change. At re‐assessment 6 months later, 6.1% who screen initially negative for passive suicidal ideation become positive. These changes in screening status are independent of type of ASM introduced or seizure outcomes but correlate with psychiatric status at baseline.
Preparation of microporous mullite refractories with high strength based on low‐grade bauxite and coal gangue
Authors: Chen Fuwen , Sang Shaobai , Ma Yuzhou , Li Yawei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor the energy‐saving and safe utilization of industrial furnaces, it is essential to develop refractories with low thermal conductivity and high strength. In this study, low‐grade bauxite and coal gangue were used as the main raw materials to prepare microporous mullite refractories with low thermal conductivity and high strength by the in situ decomposition method. The effect of coal gangue content and sintering temperature on the structure and properties of mullite refractories was also investigated. The results show that the average pore size of mullite refractories containing coal gangue is between 1.3 and 4.4 μm; with the addition of coal gangue, the apparent porosity of mullite refractories increases and their thermal conductivity decreases. Coal gangue reduces the number of pores larger than 14 μm, improves the microstructure uniformity of mullite refractories, and increases their cold compressive strength. The strength of microporous refractory treated at 1500°C containing 36.2% coal gangue as raw material is up to (105.6 ± 1.7 MPa); and its thermal conductivity tested at 1000°C is only .442 W/(m K)).
Modeling the impact of COVID‐19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on respiratory syncytial virus transmission in South Africa
Authors: Bents Samantha J. , Viboud Cécile , Grenfell Bryan T. , Hogan Alexandra B. , Tempia Stefano , von Gottberg Anne , Moyes Jocelyn , Walaza Sibongile , Hansen Chelsea , Cohen Cheryl , Baker Rachel E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe South African government employed various nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2. Surveillance data from South Africa indicates reduced circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) throughout the 2020–2021 seasons. Here, we use a mechanistic transmission model to project the rebound of RSV in the two subsequent seasons.MethodsWe fit an age‐structured epidemiological model to hospitalization data from national RSV surveillance in South Africa, allowing for time‐varying reduction in RSV transmission during periods of COVID‐19 circulation. We apply the model to project the rebound of RSV in the 2022 and 2023 seasons.ResultsWe projected an early and intense outbreak of RSV in April 2022, with an age shift to older infants (6–23 months old) experiencing a larger portion of severe disease burden than typical. In March 2022, government alerts were issued to prepare the hospital system for this potentially intense outbreak. We then assess the 2022 predictions and project the 2023 season. Model predictions for 2023 indicate that RSV activity has not fully returned to normal, with a projected early and moderately intense wave. We estimate that NPIs reduced RSV transmission between 15% and 50% during periods of COVID‐19 circulation.ConclusionsA wide range of NPIs impacted the dynamics of the RSV outbreaks throughout 2020–2023 in regard to timing, magnitude, and age structure, with important implications in a low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) setting where RSV interventions remain limited. More efforts should focus on adapting RSV models to LMIC data to project the impact of upcoming medical interventions for this disease.
Most patients with disorders of gut‐brain interaction receive pharmacotherapy with major or moderate drug‐gene interactions
Authors: Varma Revati , Staab Jeffrey P. , Matey Eric T. , Wright Jessica A. , Deb Brototo , Lazaridis Konstantinos N. , Szarka Lawrence A. , Bailey Kent R. , Bharucha Adil E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHow variations predicted by pharmacogenomic testing to alter drug metabolism and therapeutic response affect outcomes for patients with disorders of gut‐ brain interaction is unclear.AimsTo assess the prevalence of pharmacogenomics‐predicted drug‐gene interactions and symptom outcomes for patients with disorders of gut‐brain interaction.MethodsPatients who were treated in our clinical practice for functional dyspepsia/bowel disorder underwent pharmacogenomic testing. The change in symptoms from baseline to 6 months was compared for patients with variations in CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, which metabolize neuromodulators, and SLC6A4, which encodes the sodium‐ dependent serotonin transporter.ResultsAt baseline, 79 of 94 participants (84%) had at least one predicted major drug‐ gene interaction, and all 94 (100%) had at least one predicted moderate interaction. For the 44 participants who completed a survey of their symptoms at 6 months, the mean (SD) irritable bowel syndrome‐symptom severity score decreased from 284 (71) at baseline to 231 (95) at 6 months (p < 0.001). Among patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the decrease in symptom severity (p = 0.03) and pain (p = 0.002) scores from baseline to 6 months was greater for patients with a homozygous SLC6A4 long/long genotype (n = 30) (ie, increased serotonin transporter activity) than for patients with homozygous short/short or heterozygous long/short genotypes (n = 64). Symptom outcomes were not affected by CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 variations.ConclusionsThe homozygous SLC6A4 long/long genotype confers better symptom resolution for patients with disorders of gut‐brain interaction who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors than do the homozygous short/short or heterozygous long/short genotypes.
Evaluation of factors affecting the healing process of venous ulcers: A 12‐week longitudinal study
Authors: Mościcka Paulina , Cwajda‐Białasik Justyna , Jawień Arkadiusz , Jaraczewski Wojciech , Szewczyk Maria T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe process of healing venous ulcers is complex and influenced by many factors. By identifying the risk factors that influence a slower healing process, it is possible to predict impending delays and plan an individualised care plan. We analysed our database of patients with venous ulcers and identified clinical and demographic factors that delay the healing process. The research analysed the medical records of 754 patients with VLUs at Chronic Wound Treatment Unit of the University Hospital treated between 2001 and 2019. In study, the majority (64.3%) were women, the mean age was 65.7 years. The median duration of Chronic Venous Insufficiency was 24 years, 52% patients had had the disease >20 years, and 296 (39.3%) had experienced ulceration >12 months. Most of the patients (85.8%) had comorbidities, 84% were obese. At 12‐week follow‐up, 432 of the 754 ulcers had healed. Identified independent predictors of slower ulcer healing rates: wound area greater than 8.25 cm2, location of the ulceration other than the medial ankle area, underlying disease >20 years, the presence of multiple comorbidities, depth of the ulcer, the presence of an unpleasant smell and alert pathogens. The presence of redness resulted in faster healing of VLUc. Many factors influence the healing process of venous ulceration. The results of the study can help in planning patient care and implementing appropriate early strategies to promote healing.
Role of transcriptomic and genomic analyses in improving the comprehension of cefiderocol activity in
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Stracquadanio Stefano , Nicolosi Alice , Privitera Grete Francesca , Massimino Mariacristina , Marino Andrea , Bongiorno Dafne , Stefani Stefania 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

The mechanisms of action and resistance of cefiderocol (FDC) in
Acinetobacter baumannii
are still not fully elucidated, but iron transport systems have been evoked in its entry into the cell to reach the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). To capture the dynamics of gene expression related to FDC action in various conditions, we report on the genomic and transcriptomic features of seven
A. baumannii
strains with different FDC susceptibility, focusing on the variants in genes associated with β-lactam resistance and the expression of the siderophore biosynthesis and transport systems acinetobactin and baumannoferrin. We also investigated the expression of the TonB energy transduction system (ETS) and siderophore receptors
piu
A and
pir
A. The four clinical samples belonged to the same clonal complex (CC2), and the two strains with the highest FDC MICs showed peculiar variants in PBP2 and
amp
C. Similarly, the two clinical strains with the lowest MICs shared variants in an outer membrane protein as well as
amp
C. Gene expression analyses highlighted the up-regulation of the acinetobactin and baumannoferrin genes in response to iron depletion and a down-regulation in the presence of high iron concentrations. In response to FDC, gene expression seemed strain-dependent, probably due to the different metabolic features of each strain. Overall, FDC activates the ETS, confirming the active import of the drug; baumannoferrin, more than acinetobactin, appeared stimulated by FDC in an iron-depleted medium. In conclusion, iron transport systems play a clear role in the FDC uptake, and their expression likely contributes to MIC variation together with β-lactam resistance determinants.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
poses a threat to healthcare due to its ability to give difficult-to-treat infections as a consequence of our shortage of antibiotic molecules active on this multidrug-resistant bacterium. Cefiderocol (FDC) represents one of the few drugs active on
A. baumannii,
and to preserve its activity, this study explored the transcriptomic and genomic features of seven strains with varying susceptibility to FDC. Transcriptomic analyses revealed the different effects of FDC on iron transport systems, promoting mainly baumannoferrin expression—thus more likely related to FDC entry—and the energy transduction systems. These findings suggest that not all iron transport systems are equally involved in FDC entry into
A. baumannii
cells. Finally, mutations in PBPs and β-lactamases may contribute to the resistance onset. Overall, the study sheds light on the importance of iron availability and metabolic differences in FDC resistance, offering insights into understanding the evolution of resistance in
A. baumannii
strains.
Optical Detection of Dynamic Polarization of Nuclei in Semiconductors
Authors: Ekimov A.I. , Safarov V.I. 
Published: December 2023

Much research has been performed by now on optical pumping of spin-polarized electrons in semiconductors [1–6]. In these experiments, the spin-oriented carriers were excited from the valence band into the conduction band by absorption of circularly-polarized light. The most convenient for the detection of the spin orientation of the electrons is an optical method [2, 3] with investigation of the recombination-luminescence polarization. For III–V crystals, the selection rules for interband transitions yield a simple connection S = 0.5P between the degree of circular polarization of the luminescence (S) and the degree of stationary orientation of the electrons (P) at the bottom of the conduction band. We have investigated, also by an optical method, a number of effects that arise when the electron spins interact strongly with the magnetic moments of the nuclei in the crystal.
The Role of Meridional Circulation in the Formation of Classical Be Stars
Authors: Staritsin E. I. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
At the stage of mass exchange in a binary system, the meridional circulation brings to the surface of the star up to two-thirds of the angular momentum that entered the star along with the accreted matter. As a result, the mass and angular momentum of the star can increase due to accretion. After the end of accretion, the star has a rotation typical of rapidly rotating Be stars. It is assumed that the angular momentum carried by the meridional circulation to the star’s surface from the accreted matter is removed from the star by the accretion disk. The article is based on a talk presented at the astrophysical memorial seminar “Novelties in Understanding the Evolution of Binary Stars,” dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Professor M.A. Svechnikov.
Planning for healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Southeast of England: a system dynamics modelling approach
Authors: George Abraham , Lacey Peter , Badrinath Padmanabhan , Gray Alex , Turner Paul , Harwood Chris , Gregson Mark 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo develop, test, validate and implement a system dynamics model to simulate the pandemic progress and the impact of various interventions on viral spread, healthcare utilisation and demand in secondary care.DesignWe adopted the system dynamics model incorporating susceptible, exposed, infection and recovery framework to simulate the progress of the pandemic and how the interventions for the COVID-19 response influence the outcomes with a focus on secondary care.SettingThis study was carried out covering all the local health systems in Southeast of England with a catchment population of six million with a specific focus on Kent and Medway system.ParticipantsSix local health systems in Southeast of England using Kent and Medway as a case study.InterventionsShort to medium ‘what if’ scenarios incorporating human behaviour, non-pharmaceutical interventions and medical interventions were tested using the model with regular and continuous feedback of the model results to the local health system leaders for monitoring, planning and rapid response as needed.Main outcome measuresDaily output from the model which included number infected in the population, hospital admissions needing COVID-19 care, occupied general beds, continuous positive airway pressure beds, intensive care beds, hospital discharge pathways and deaths.ResultsWe successfully implemented a regional series of models based on the local population needs which were used in healthcare planning as part of the pandemic response.ConclusionsIn this study, we have demonstrated the utility of system dynamics modelling incorporating local intelligence and collaborative working during the pandemic to respond rapidly and take decisions to protect the population. This led to strengthened cooperation among partners and ensured that the local population healthcare needs were met.