bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral content and bone metabolism in young adults with severe periodontitis
Authors: Von Wowern Nina , Westergaard Jytte , Kollerup Gina 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: To clarify in young adults with severe periodontitis (1) whether the bone mineral content (BMC) or density (BMD) in the mandible/other skeletal sites and the systemic bone metabolism differed from normal and (2) whether mandibular/forearm BMC did change during the 5 to 10‐year follow‐up.Material and Methods: 24 young otherwise normal patients with verified severe periodontitis were included, of which 20 attended the follow‐up visit. Mandibular/forearm BMC was measured at both visits by dual‐photon absorptiometry, supplemented with femoral neck/lumbar spine BMD measurements at follow‐up visit by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Serum alkaline phosphatase/ionized calcium, urinary excretion of pyridinoline/deoxy‐pyridinoline were analysed at the follow‐up visit. A conventional periodontal examination was performed at both visits.Results: Mandibular BMC was significantly below normal mean BMC at both visits. The mandibular Z‐scores were −2.00 in 33.3% (8/24). BMC/BMD in the remaining sites and the values for bone markers did not differ from normal. Mandibular/forearm BMC was stable while a significant aggravation of alveolar bone loss occurred during the trial without change of probing depth.Conclusions: Severe periodontitis in young adults seems to be a local disorder associated with relatively low BMC in the jaws without systemic alterations of BMC/BMD and bone metabolism.
Capnocytophaga granulosa and Capnocytophaga haemolytica: novel species in subgingival plaque
Authors: Ciantar M. , Spratt D. A. , Newman H. N. , Wilson M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The oral cavity accommodates one of the most diverse microfloras in the human body. Knowledge of this microflora, and of the periodontal microflora in particular, proves crucial towards an understanding of the bacterial‐host interactions which lead to the development of infectious inflammatory periodontal diseases. Capnocytophaga species have been implicated as putative periodontal pathogens. To date, only 3 members of this genus (C. gingivalis, C. ochracea and C. sputigena) have been isolated from subgingival plaque.Aim: This communication reports the isolation of 2 recently‐speciated strains, namely C. granulosa and C. haemolytica, from subgingival plaque collected from adult periodontitis patients.Material and Methods: Subgingival plaque was collected from 29 patients with chronic adult periodontitis. Plaque samples were inoculated onto fastidious anaerobe agar and incubated anaerobically for 5 days. Routine identification of clinical isolates was performed by 16S rRNA PCR‐RFLP analysis, using Cfo I as restriction enzyme and corroborated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results: 16 of 29 patients (55%) tested positive for either C. granulosa and or C. haemolytica. A total of 70 isolates (63 C. granulosa and 7 C. haemolytica) were cultivated from subgingival plaque. 15 (51%) patients tested positive for C. granulosa, and 3 (10%) patients tested positive for C. haemolytica.Conclusion: This is the 1st report which recounts the presence of C. granulosa and C. haemolytica in subgingival plaque. Further research is required to establish the relative proportions of these species subgingivally in health and disease.
Pre‐treatment conceptions of periodontal disease and treatment in periodontal referrals
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Johannessen Anne C. , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Patients preconceptions of periodontal therapy have not been extensively studied and are poorly understood.Aims: To register specific anxieties and preconceptions held by patients referred for specialist periodontal treatment and to investigate the risks such patients were prepared to take of progressive periodontal problems before deciding that periodontal treatment was necessary.Materials and methods:79 patients referred for specialist treatment completed a structured questionnaire. Participants completed visual analogue scales to quantify the risks which they were prepared to take of various symptoms of periodontal disease before they believed treatment was essential.Results: The majority (71%) had anxieties about pending treatment with the main concern being pain. Those who had sought information prior to treatment mainly did so from close relatives.The majority of patients opted to take no or a very low (<20%) risk of any periodontal problems and, therefore, were supportive of treatment. The loss of many teeth due to periodontal disease was the least acceptable outcome followed by tooth mobility. Patients were prepared to accept a significantly higher risk of bleeding on brushing (p<0.0001) than any of the other outcomes investigated. Females recorded substantially lower risk scores than males particularly in relation to developing recession or tooth mobility in the absence of treatment. Patients who were worried about experiencing pain during treatment recorded lower risk scores than those who had no anxiety regarding pain.Conclusion: It is concluded that the Norwegian periodontal referrals studied were prepared to take very low risks of further periodontal symptoms despite high levels of anxiety and evidence of a lack of knowledge regarding periodontal treatment.
The effect of a polyhexamethylene biguanide mouthrinse compared to an essential oil rinse and a chlorhexidine rinse on bacterial counts and 4‐day plaque regrowth
Authors: Rosin M. , Welk A. , Kocher T. , Majic‐Todt A. , Kramer A. , Pitten F. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: For various clinical applications, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has been used for many years as an antiseptic in medicine. Recently, a 0.04% PHMB mouthwash was shown to inhibit plaque regrowth and to reduce oral bacterial counts. In this study, a 0.12% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was compared with a negative control placebo rinse (10% ethanol, flavour) (B), a positive control 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse (C), and a commercially available mouthrinse containing essential oils (Listerine®) (D).Materials and Methods: The study was a double‐blind, randomised 4‐replicate 4×4 Latin square cross‐over design in which plaque regrowth was measured. The in vivo antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts from the tooth surface and mucosa 4 h after the first rinse with the preparations on day 1 and prior to the clinical examination on day 5. 16 volunteers participated and, on day 1 of each study period, were rendered plaque‐free, ceased toothcleaning, and rinsed 2×daily with the allocated mouthrinse. On day 5, plaque was scored and smears were collected according to the protocol. Washout periods were 9 days. Data were analysed using ANOVA with Bonferroni HSD adjustment for multiple comparisons (significance level α=0.05).Results: The 0.12% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was significantly more effective in inhibiting plaque than the placebo (B) but no significant differences could be observed between A and 0.12% chlorhexidine (C), or between A and Listerine® (D). Bacterial count reductions on the tooth surface with PHMB (A) were significantly greater compared to the placebo (B) after 4 h and significantly greater compared to B and D after 5 days. Chlorhexidine (C) was more effective than A after 5 days. On the mucosa, chlorhexidine (C) was significantly more effective in reducing bacterial counts than the other 3 treatments at both time points investigated. PHMB (A) was significantly more effective in reducing bacterial counts than the placebo (B) after 4 h and after 5 days, and than D after 4 h.Conclusion: Consistent with a previous study, a PHMB mouthrinse was shown to inhibit plaque recolonisation and to reduce oral bacterial counts, indicating that PHMB may find applications in the prevention of plaque‐associated diseases.
Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity by Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Lier B. B. , Rösing C. K. , Aass A. M. , Gjermo P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Promising results using Nd:YAG laser against dentin hypersensitivity have been reported. The aim of this double‐blind, controlled, split‐mouth designed clinical trial was to assess the effect of a single Nd:YAG laser application on alleviating hypersensitivity.Methods/Results: Seventeen subjects participated in the study. Each of them had two teeth treated; one with the laser activated and one with nonactivated (placebo), for 2 min The assessment of pain was performed by a VAS, after an air blast at baseline immediately after treatment, at 1 week, 4 weeks and 16 weeks. Mean values of VAS for test and control teeth were compared by paired t‐test (α = 0.05). The results showed mean baseline VAS values of 6.59 (± 1.65) and 6.14(± 1.95) for test and control teeth, respectively. Immediately after treatment, these values decreased to 4.09(± 2.28) and 3.89(± 2.11), respectively. After 1 week, 4 weeks and 16 weeks the mean values for test and control teeth were 3.85 ± 2.36, 4.03 ± 1.95, 3.60 ± 2.66, and 4.44 ± 2.56, 3.41 ± 2.30, 3.42 ± 2.30, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between test and control at any time. However, both groups improved significantly (P < 0.05) from baseline to immediately after application, and at 1 week, 4 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively. The changes that occurred between immediately after application and 1 week, 4 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively, were not statistically significant.Conclusion: It is concluded that the effect of treatment of hypersensitive teeth with Nd:YAG laser is not different from placebo. The observed effects seem to last for at least 16 weeks.
Local antimicrobial therapy after initial periodontal treatment
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Mombelli Andrea , Mayfield Lisa , Rutar Alexandra , Suvan Jean , Garrett Steven , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim:  The aim of this single‐blind, randomized, parallel‐designed clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of three sustained‐release biodegradable polymers delivered into periodontal pockets following initial periodontal therapy.Methods: Forty‐seven patients (28 females and 19 males) with a mean age of 51 years (range 29–71) underwent a periodontal examination at baseline (i.e. Week 0) and after 18 weeks. This included the assessment of the Plaque Index (PlI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depths (PPD) and Probing Attachment Levels (PAL) at six sites per tooth. Two to 4 months prior to baseline, all subjects had received initial periodontal therapy including motivation, instruction in oral hygiene practices and full‐mouth scaling and root planing. At the treatment appointment (i.e. Week 2), the patients were randomly assigned to receive either Atridox™, Elyzol® Dental Gel or PerioChip® at all residual periodontal pockets with a probing depth ≥ 5 mm and concomitant BOP. In accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, Elyzol® Dental Gel was applied for a second time 7 days later. In addition to the clinical evaluation, subgingival microbiological samples were collected prior to treatment (i.e. Week 2) and at Weeks 4 and 18. Analysis of variance/covariance was used to evaluate changes from baseline to Week 18 for the clinical parameters.Results:  Between the baseline and 18‐week examinations, subjects treated with Atridox showed a significantly greater gain in mean PAL of 0.33 mm ± 0.09 (SD) than subjects treated with Elyzol® Dental Gel [0.03 mm ± 0.09 (SD)](p = 0.03). However, the gain in PAL of 0.16 mm ± 0.10 (SD) found after PerioChip® application did not differ significantly from that obtained following the application of AtridoxTM(p = 0.27). Of the sites treated with AtridoxTM, 42% gained ≥ 1 mm PAL and 9% ≥ 2 mm PAL as opposed to the sites treated with Elyzol® Dental Gel, in which 34% gained ≥ 1 mm PAL and 8% gained ≥ 2 mm PAL. Of the sites treated with PerioChip®, 36% gained ≥ 1 mm and 6% gained ≥ 2 mm PAL following a completed initial periodontal therapy.Conclusions:  The application of the three biodegradable sustained release devices tested following initial periodontal therapy resulted in a statistically significant gain in mean PAL for AtridoxTM and a significant reduction in PPD for all three devices during the study period. Furthermore, when sites treated with AtridoxTM were compared with sites treated with Elyzol®, a significant difference in mean PAL gain (0.3 mm) was observed.
Relationship of changes in interleukin‐8 levels and granulocyte elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid to subgingival periodontopathogens followingnon‐surgical periodontal therapy in subjects with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Jin L. J. , Leung W. K. , Corbet E. F. , Söder B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: To determine the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the interrelations of subgingival periodontopathogens and both interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and granulocyte elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to assess their relations to the short‐term treatment response in management of chronic periodontitis.Material and methods: GCF and subgingival plaque were collected from 16 subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis at baseline and 4 weeks after SRP. IL‐8 levels were determined by ELISA. Granulocyte elastase activity was analyzed with a specific substrate, pGluProVal‐pNA, and the maximal rate of elastase activity (MR‐EA) was calculated. 5 DNA‐probes were used to detect the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (A. a.), B. forsythus (B.f.), P. gingivalis (P.g.), P. intermedia (P.i.), and T. denticola (T.d.), with a sensitivity = 103 cells/paper point.Results: IL‐8 and MR‐EA levels in GCF decreased significantly after SRP (p < 0.001) with a corresponding reduction of total count of the species. Of the sites with probing depth (PD) ≥ 5.0 mm and co‐infection by B.f., P.g., P.i. & T.d. at baseline, the sites without persistent co‐infection of these species after SRP exhibited a significant reduction of IL‐8 levels (p < 0.02), MR‐EA levels (p < 0.02) and PD (p < 0.01). No such change was found in the sites where such a co‐infection persisted. Moreover, reduction of IL‐8 levels in those pocket sites was accompanied by a concomitant reduction of MR‐EA (p < 0.02) and PD (p < 0.01), while no significant change in MR‐EA levels and PD was noted in those pocket sites that exhibited an increase of IL‐8 levels after SRP. At baseline, the former group of sites showed significantly higher IL‐8 levels than the latter group of sites (p < 0.02).Conclusions: IL‐8‐related granulocyte elastase activity was related to the change in infection patterns of the target periodontopathogens following scaling and root planing. Varying initial IL‐8 levels in GCF and a corresponding shifting change of granulocyte elastase activity in GCF may characterize the different short‐term treatment responses.
Attachment loss in Moroccan early onset periodontitis patients and infection with the JP2‐type of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Haubek Dorte , Ennibi Ohm‐Keltoum , Abdellaoui Lamia , Benzarti Neji , Poulsen Sven 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: A clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (JP2) with increased leukotoxin production and characterized by a 530‐bp deletion in the leukotoxin gene operon is endemically present in Morocco and strongly associated with the presence of early onset periodontitis (EOP).Objectives: To compare patterns of attachment loss among EOP‐patients with or without JP2‐type of A. actinomycetemcomitans in dental plaque.Material and methods: Among 45 Moroccan adolescents with EOP (i.e. one or more teeth with attachment loss ≥ 3 mm) 39 had cultivable plaque samples. Fifteen (38.5%) were culture‐positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans of the JP2‐type as determined by PCR, and 24 (61.5%) were not (mean age 16.5 years in both groups).Results: EOP‐patients culture‐positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans of the JP2‐type had significantly more teeth with attachment loss (mean 5.1, median 4.0) than EOP‐patients not culture‐positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans of the JP2‐type (mean 2.8 teeth, median 1.0) (p = 0.02), and higher attachment loss (mean 4.3 mm vs. 3.4 mm; median 4.0 mm vs. 3.0 mm) (p = 0.01). No major differences could be detected between the two groups in the pattern of affected teeth in the dentition.Conclusions: The study demonstrates increased periodontal destruction among EOP‐patients culture‐positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans of the JP2‐type compared with EOP‐patients without the JP2‐clone.
A new method of plaque scoring: a laboratory comparison with other plaque indices
Authors: Dababneh R. H. , Khouri A. T. , Smith R. G. , Addy M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to propose a simple, clear and as sensitive as possible numerical plaque index for the use in clinical oral hygiene trials known as the New Method of Plaque Scoring (NMPS), and to evaluate this index for simplicity, clarity and examiner agreement in comparison with the Distal Mesial Plaque Index, Proximal Marginal Index and a modification to the modified Navy plaque Index.Material and Methods: The scoring system proposed for the NMPS is based on a numerical range from 0 to 10 representing the total stained plaque on the facial or lingual tooth surfaces with the greatest weight of scores placed at the gingival and proximal regions of the surface. For scoring purposes, a horizontal boundary is imagined on the smooth facial or lingual tooth surfaces between the gingival third (A) and coronal two/thirds, the latter being subdivided vertically into thirds, mesial (B), middle (D) and distal (C). Depending on the extent of plaque coverage, whole number scores 0–3 are assigned to A, B, C and 0 or 1 for D. Ten examiners scored four selected tooth surfaces on an acrylic model according to the NMPS and the three comparative indices. The time required for each examiner to score according to each index was recorded. The scores obtained from this trial were analyzed for examiner agreement and correlation between the four indices.Results: The time required for scoring according to the NMPS was found to be significantly less than the three comparative indices. The variability between examiners was found to be least for the NMPS compared to the three comparative indices. A strong correlation was found between all pairs of indices.Conclusion: The proposed new method of plaque scoring seems to be simpler, clearer and more reproducible than the three comparative indices. However, clinical testing is warranted.
Healing patterns in calvarial bone defects following guided bone regeneration in rats
Authors: Verna Carlalberta ,   Carles Bosch, Dalstra Michel , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate healing patterns of critical‐size calvarial bone defects treated according to principles of guided bone regeneration using micro‐CT scan analysis. Specifically, the contribution of bone, periosteum and dura mater to the amount and mineralization of newly formed bone was evaluated.Material and Methods: Surgically induced, critical‐size calvarial bone defects in 48 adult male Wistar rats received the following: an occlusive expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane at the exo‐ and endocranial aspect (OO; n = 12); an occlusive membrane at the exocranial and a perforated membrane at the endocranial aspect (OP; n = 12); a perforated membrane at the exocranial and an occlusive membrane at the endocranial aspect (PO; n = 12); and a perforated membrane at the exo‐ and endocranial aspect (PP; n = 12). The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks for quantitative analysis of bone volume fraction and mineralization in the region of interest (ROI) as well as in the external, middle and central area of the defect using micro‐CT.Results: Bone volume fraction ranged from 31.4% (OP) to 24.5% (PP). No differences were found among the groups. Bone volume fraction and mineralization in the middle area were significantly greater in group OP than in group PP, and in the central area in group OO and PO than in group PP.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that use of occlusive ePTFE membranes enhances bone formation and maturation in the calvarial skeleton. When occlusion of endo‐ and exocranial tissues was compromised by membrane perforation, impaired bone formation and mineralization were observed.
Development of a method in situ to study toothpaste abrasion of dentine
Authors: Addy M. , Hughes J. , Pickles M. J. , Joiner A. , Huntington E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/Aims:  The abrasivity of toothpastes is usually determined using in vitro methods; as such, the clinical significance of the findings is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a method in situ to study abrasion of dentine by two toothpastes of different Relative Dentine Abrasivity (RDA).Method: The study was a single blind, randomised, 2 way cross over design involving 10 healthy dentate volunteers. Subjects wore an maxillary removable acrylic appliance containing two flat human dentine specimens, taped to expose a window of tissue, from 9 am to 4 pm during the two 10 working day study periods. No food or drink was consumed when the appliance was in place. On five occasions each day, the appliances were removed and the dentine windows brushed ex vivo with the allocated paste for 60 s each. Dentine abrasion at days 5 and 10 was measured using a profilometer.Results: Both toothpastes produced measurable abrasion in all subjects and the depth increased in most subjects between 5 and 10 days. There was significant subject and specimen variation both within and between toothpastes. There was significantly increased abrasion by the toothpaste with the higher RDA value and in mean terms the ratio of abrasion between the two pastes was similar to the ratio of the RDA values.Conclusion: The method in situ, already used to study dental hard tissue erosion, appears ideally suitable to study dental abrasion alone and the interaction between aetiological factors involved in tooth wear.
Two‐part implants inserted in a one‐stage or a two‐stage procedure
Authors: Heydenrijk Kees , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Meijer Henny J. A. , Van Der Reijden Willy A. , Van Winkelhoff Arie‐Jan , Stegenga Boudewijn 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a two‐part implant system in a one‐stage procedure and to monitor the microflora in the peri‐implant area in relation to clinical and radiographic outcome.Material and Methods: After randomisation, 40 edentulous patients (Cawood & Howell class V–VI) received two IMZ implants in the anterior mandible inserted by either a one‐stage (n = 20) or a two‐stage (n = 20) surgical procedure for overdenture treatment. A standardised clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed after denture insertion as well as 6 and 12 months thereafter. Twelve months after loading, peri‐implant samples were collected and analysed for the presence of putative periodontal pathogens using culture technique.Results: No striking differences were found between the two groups with regard to the clinical parameters during the evaluation period. The mean bone loss in the first year of functioning was 0.6 mm in both groups. With regard to the gingiva score, plaque score, bleeding score or bone loss between T0 and T12, no associations were found with the presence of the cultured microorganisms. An association was present between pockets ≥ 4 mm and the presence of Peptostreptococcus micros in the two‐stage group.Conclusions: The short‐term results indicate that two‐part implants inserted in a one‐stage procedure may be as predictable as inserted in the common two‐stage procedure. The peri‐implant sulcus can and does harbour potential periodontal pathogens without significant signs of tissue breakdown.