bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluchea lanceolata attenuates cadmium chloride induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Jahangir Tamanna , Khan Tajdar Husain , Prasad Lakshmi , Sultana Sarwat 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Cadmium intoxication induces lipid peroxidation and causes oxidative damage to various tissues by altering antioxidant defence system enzymes. At 24h after treatment with a single intraperitoneal dose of cadmium chloride (5 mg kg−1), Swiss albino mice showed a significant increase in the levels of malanodialdehyde and xanthine oxidase (P&lt;0.001), and a concomitant depletion of renal glutathione, catalase (P&lt;0.001) and other antioxidant enzymes. CdCl2 also led to a simultaneous increase in micronuclei formation (P&lt;0.001) and chromosomal aberrations (P&lt;0.05) in mouse bone marrow cells. Oral pre-treatment with Pluchea lanceolata extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg kg−1 for 7 consecutive days before CdCl2 intoxication caused a significant reduction in malanodialdehyde formation and xanthine oxidase activity (P&lt;0.001). A significant restoration of the activity of antioxidant defence system enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase (P&lt;0.05), glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase (P&lt;0.001) was observed. A significant dose-dependent decrease in chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation was also observed (P&lt;0.05). The results indicate that pre-treatment with P. lanceolata attenuates cadmium chloride induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity by altering antioxidant enzymes and reducing chromatid breaks and micronuclei formation.
Facile Synthesis of Aryl- and Alkyl-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanes
Authors: Hasegawa Aiko , Ishikawa Takuo , Ishihara Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Various arylbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanes (1) have been synthesized by reacting the corresponding benzylic halides with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate and then with triflic anhydride. In addition, when the aryl group of 1 is a pentafluorophenyl group, the nucleophilic para-substitution of the aryl group with alkyllithiums and sodium alkoxides occurs. This reaction is useful for the design of new Brønsted acids.
Electronic Structure of Sulfimides: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Kumar P Senthil , Singh Parminder , Uppal Punam , Bharatam Prasad V 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The electronic structure of sulfimides has been studied using the model system HN=SH2, 1, by performing ab initio calculations. There are two minima on the path of rotation across the S–N bond in 1. G2 calculations showed that the S–N rotational barrier in 1 is 8.50 kcal/mol. The inversion around S in 1 goes through a high-energy barrier of 26.85 kcal/mol at the same level. Substituent effects on the electronic structure were studied using Me, Cl, and F as substituents. Charge analysis using the NPA method has been performed to understand the electronic factors responsible for the observed trends in the S–N interactions. The NBO method was employed to quantitatively estimate the second-order interactions, which indicate that the S–N partial double-bond character in sulfimides is mainly attributable to negative hyperconjugative interactions, rather than pπ–pπ interactions.
Potential of Mean Force between Solute Atoms in Salt Solution: Effects Due to Salt Species and Relevance to Conformational Transition of Biomolecules
Authors: Kinoshita Masahiro , Harano Yuichi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We analyze the interaction, the potential of mean force (PMF), between solute atoms in pure water and in solutions of various salts (NaCl, KCl, KBr, and KI) using the dielectrically consistent reference interaction site model theory. As for the PMF between solute atoms with like charges, the addition of increasing concentration of salt gradually leads from repulsive to attractive interactions. When the salt concentration becomes sufficiently high, the contact of like-charged atoms is stabilized and the stability is enhanced as the magnitude of the charge increases. For positive charges, the ability of salt to change the PMF is governed by anion species and becomes higher as the anionic size increases, while for negative charges it is governed by cation species and becomes higher as the cationic size decreases. Concerning the PMF between solute atoms with unlike charges, the addition of increasing concentration of salt gradually leads from attractive to repulsive interactions. The contact of unlike-charged atoms is less stabilized than in pure water. Physical insights into these results, which are generally applicable to solvation behavior of solute molecules, are then provided and the relevance to the salt-induced conformational transition of biomolecules is discussed in detail.
Comparative Studies on the Properties of New and Conventional Perovskite-Type LaCoO3
Authors: Huang Lin , Bassir Mahbod , Bousselham Echchahed , Kaliaguine Serge 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The physical properties and redox chemistry of perovskite-type LaCoO3 prepared by reactive grinding and by the citrate method, have been comparatively studied by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, and infrared spectroscopy (IR). XRD and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements show that LaCoO3 prepared by reactive grinding possesses a smaller particle size and thus a greater specific surface area. An IR study suggests that there would exist a large amount of oxygen defects in LaCoO3 prepared by reactive grinding. TPR results illustrate that the reduction of LaCoO3 to Co0/La2O3 requires a higher temperature for a sample prepared by reactive grinding than for the one prepared by the citrate method. Due to a more difficult reduction, LaCoO3 prepared by reactive grinding displays a better stability of the perovskite structure than LaCoO3 prepared by the citrate method under a reducing atmosphere.
Extraction and Trace Determination of Molybdenum(V) Using 6-Chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(5-methyl-2-furyl)-4H-chromen-4-one as an Analytical Reagent
Authors: Dass Rameshwar , Bishnoi Anil Kumar , Sharma Ram Gopal 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Molybdenum(V), obtained from Mo(VI) by reduction in presence of ascorbic acid in sulfuric acid medium, has been determined spectrophotometrically. Mo(V) formed an intense yellow 1 : 2 complex with 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(5-methyl-2-furyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (CHMFC); the complex is extractable into 1,2-dichloroethane having λmax at 437 nm. The proposed method is free from interference of many analytically important elements, with a molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of 5.32 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0018 μg Mo cm−2, respectively.
Addition/Ring-Opening Reaction of Organoboronic Acids to Cyclobutanones Catalyzed by Rhodium(I)/P(t-Bu)3 Complex
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Makino Masaomi , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
An addition/ring-opening reaction of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids to cyclobutanones took place in 1,4-dioxane at 100 °C in the presence of a rhodium(I) catalyst bearing tri-t-butylphosphine, affording ring-opened ketones. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeded through the addition of an organorhodium species to the carbonyl group of a cyclobutanone and a subsequent ring-opening of the resulting rhodium cyclobutanolate through β-carbon elimination. A deuterium-labeling experiment revealed that an alkylrhodium species generated by the β-carbon elimination underwent successive β-hydride elimination/re-addition processes to form the η3-oxaallylrhodium intermediate, which was readily protonated to afford the product.
Direct Quantification of Analyte Concentration by Resonant Acoustic Profiling
Authors: Godber Benjamin , Thompson Kevin SJ , Rehak Marian , Uludag Yildiz , Kelling Sven , Sleptsov Alexander , Frogley Mark , Wiehler Klaus , Whalen Christopher , Cooper Matthew A 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: Acoustic sensors that exploit resonating quartz crystals directly detect the binding of an analyte to a receptor. Applications include detection of bacteria, viruses, and oligonucleotides and measurement of myoglobin, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and enzyme cofactors.Methods: Resonant Acoustic Profiling™ was combined with a microfluidic lateral flow device incorporating an internal reference control, stable linker chemistry, and immobilized receptors on a disposable sensor “chip”. Analyte concentrations were determined by analyzing the rate of binding of the analyte to an appropriate receptor.Results: The specificity and affinity of antibody–antigen and enzyme–cofactor interactions were determined without labeling of the receptor or the analyte. We measured protein concentrations (recombinant human IL-1β and recombinant human myoglobin) and quantified binding of cofactors (NADP+ and NAD+) to the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase. Lower limits of detection were ∼1 nmol/L (17 ng/mL) for both IL-1β and human myoglobin. The equilibrium binding constant for NADP+ binding to glucose dehydrogenase was 2.8 mmol/L.Conclusions: Resonant Acoustic Profiling detects analytes in a relatively simple receptor-binding assay in &lt;10 min. Potential applications include real-time immunoassays and biomarker detection. Combination of this technology platform with existing technologies for concentration and presentation of analytes may lead to simple, label-free, high-sensitivity methodologies for reagent and assay validation in clinical chemistry and, ultimately, for real-time in vitro diagnostics.
Development and Calibration of a TDR Extensometer for Geotechnical Monitoring
Authors: Lin CP , Tang SH 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Up-hole reflectometry devices that interrogate passive mechanical transducers are increasingly used in geotechnical instrumentation. One of such a monitoring technique is the time domain reflectometry (TDR). This study utilizes the principle of TDR to devise a TDR extensometer using a waveguide with an impedance mismatch interface inside it. The movement of the impedance mismatch interface is coupled with the displacement of interest such that the time shift in the reflected signal becomes a measure of the displacement. The accuracy of the TDR extensometer is better than ± 0.5 mm and is not affected by measuring range and cable length. It can be used for applications that require both high accuracy and large displacement range, and is suitable for long-term monitoring in a harsh environment where humidity and lightening surge may cause problems for electronic sensors. The devised extensometer can be combined with existing TDR transducers for groundwater pressure and shear deformation to form an integrated TDR monitoring system for slope stability.
Comparison of Dental Maturity in Children of Different Ethnic Origins: International Maturity Curves for Clinicians
Authors: Chaillet N , Nyström M , Demirjian A 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDental maturity was studied with 9577 dental panoramic tomograms of healthy subjects from 8 countries, aged between 2 and 25 years of age. Demirjian's method based on 7 teeth was used for determining dental maturity scores, establishing gender-specific tables of maturity scores and development graphs. The aim of this study was to give dental maturity standards when the ethnic origin is unknown and to compare the efficiency and applicability of this method to forensic sciences and dental clinicians. The second aim was to compare the dental maturity of these different populations. We noted an high efficiency for International Demirjian's method at 99%CI (0.85% of misclassified and a mean accuracy between 2 to 18 years ± 2.15 years), which makes it useful for forensic purposes. Nevertheless, this international method is less accurate than Demirjian's method developed for a specific country, because of the inter-ethnic variability obtained by the addition of 8 countries in the dental database. There are inter-ethnic differences classified in three major groups. Australians have the fastest dental maturation and Koreans have the slowest.
Rate of Gene Transfer From Mitochondria to Nucleus: Effects of Cytoplasmic Inheritance System and Intensity of Intracellular Competition
Authors: Yamauchi Atsushi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria originated as bacterial intracellular symbionts, the size of the mitochondrial genome gradually reducing over a long period owing to, among other things, gene transfer from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Such gene transfer was observed in more genes in animals than in plants, implying a higher transfer rate of animals. The evolution of gene transfer may have been affected by an intensity of intracellular competition among organelle strains and the organelle inheritance system of the organism concerned. This article reveals a relationship between those factors and the gene transfer rate from organelle to nuclear genomes, using a mathematical model. Mutant mitochondria that lose a certain gene by deletion are considered to replicate more rapidly than normal ones, resulting in an advantage in intracellular competition. If the competition is intense, heteroplasmic individuals possessing both types of mitochondria change to homoplasmic individuals including mutant mitochondria only, with high probability. According to the mathematical model, it was revealed that the rate of gene transfer from mitochondria to the nucleus can be affected by three factors, the intensity of intracellular competition, the probability of paternal organelle transmission, and the effective population size. The gene transfer rate tends to increase with decreasing intracellular competition, increasing paternal organelle transmission, and decreasing effective population size. Intense intracellular competition tends to suppress gene transfer because it is likely to exclude mutant mitochondria that lose the essential gene due to the production of lethal individuals.
The Rank Ordering of Genotypic Fitness Values Predicts Genetic Constraint on Natural Selection on Landscapes Lacking Sign Epistasis
Authors: Weinreich Daniel M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Sewall Wright's genotypic fitness landscape makes explicit one mechanism by which epistasis for fitness can constrain evolution by natural selection. Wright distinguished between landscapes possessing multiple fitness peaks and those with only a single peak and emphasized that the former class imposes substantially greater constraint on natural selection. Here I present novel formalism that more finely partitions the universe of possible fitness landscapes on the basis of the rank ordering of their genotypic fitness values. In this report I focus on fitness landscapes lacking sign epistasis (i.e., landscapes that lack mutations the sign of whose fitness effect varies epistatically), which constitute a subset of Wright's single peaked landscapes. More than one fitness rank ordering lacking sign epistasis exists for L &gt; 2 (where L is the number of interacting loci), and I find that a highly statistically significant effect exists between landscape membership in fitness rank-ordering partition and two different proxies for genetic constraint, even within this subset of landscapes. This statistical association is robust to population size, permitting general inferences about some of the characteristics of fitness rank orderings responsible for genetic constraint on natural selection.
ThecsnD/csnESignalosome Genes Are Involved in theAspergillus nidulansDNA Damage Response
Authors: Lima Joel Fernandes , Malavazi Iran , von Zeska Kress Fagundes Marcia Regina , Savoldi Marcela , Goldman Maria Helena S , Schwier Elke , Braus Gerhard H , Goldman Gustavo Henrique 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe signalosome (CSN) is a conserved multiprotein complex involved in regulation of eukaryotic development and is also required to activate ribonucleotide reductase for DNA synthesis. In Aspergillus nidulans, csnD/csnE are key regulators of sexual development. Here, we investigated whether the csnD/csnE genes are involved in the DNA damage response in this fungus. The growth of the csnD/csnE deletion mutants was reduced by subinhibitory concentrations of hydroxyurea, camptothecin, 4-nitroquinoline oxide, and methyl methanesulfonate. A. nidulans increases csnD/csnE mRNA levels when it is challenged by different DNA-damaging agents. There is no significant transcriptional induction of the csnE promoter fused with lacZ gene in the presence of DNA-damaging agents, suggesting that increased mRNA accumulation is due to increased mRNA stability. Septation was not inhibited in the csnD/csnE deletion mutants while ΔuvsB ΔcsnE presented an increase in septation upon DNA damage caused by methyl methanesulfonate, suggesting that uvsBATR and csnE genetically interact during checkpoint-dependent inhibition of septum formation. The double ΔcsnD/ΔcsnE ΔnpkA mutants were more sensitive to DNA-damaging agents than were the respective single mutants. Our results suggest that csnD/csnE genes are involved in the DNA damage response and that NpkA and UvsBATR genetically interact with the signalosome.
Modeling Early Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Drosophila melanogaster: The BZLF1 Protein
Authors: Adamson Amy L , Wright Natasha , LaJeunesse Dennis R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several forms of cancer, including lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The EBV immediate-early protein BZLF1 functions as a transcriptional activator of EBV early gene expression and is essential for the viral transition between latent and lytic replication. In addition to its role in the EBV life cycle, BZLF1 (Z) also has profound effects upon the host cellular environment, including disruption of cell cycle regulation, signal transduction pathways, and transcription. In an effort to understand the nature of Z interactions with the host cellular environment, we have developed a Drosophila model of early EBV infection, where we have expressed Z in the Drosophila eye. Using this system, we have identified a highly conserved interaction between the Epstein-Barr virus Z protein and shaven, a Drosophila homolog of the human Pax2/5/8 family of genes. Pax5 is a well-characterized human gene involved with B-cell development. The B-cell-specific Pax5 also promotes the transcription of EBV latent genes from the EBV Wp promoter. Our work clearly demonstrates that the Drosophila system is an appropriate and powerful tool for identifying the underlying genetic networks involved in human infectious disease.
Association Mapping of Kernel Size and Milling Quality in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Breseghello Flavio , Sorrells Mark E 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Association mapping is a method for detection of gene effects based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) that complements QTL analysis in the development of tools for molecular plant breeding. In this study, association mapping was performed on a selected sample of 95 cultivars of soft winter wheat. Population structure was estimated on the basis of 36 unlinked simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The extent of LD was estimated on chromosomes 2D and part of 5A, relative to the LD observed among unlinked markers. Consistent LD on chromosome 2D was &lt;1 cM, whereas in the centromeric region of 5A, LD extended for ∼5 cM. Association of 62 SSR loci on chromosomes 2D, 5A, and 5B with kernel morphology and milling quality was analyzed through a mixed-effects model, where subpopulation was considered as a random factor and the marker tested was considered as a fixed factor. Permutations were used to adjust the threshold of significance for multiple testing within chromosomes. In agreement with previous QTL analysis, significant markers for kernel size were detected on the three chromosomes tested, and alleles potentially useful for selection were identified. Our results demonstrated that association mapping could complement and enhance previous QTL information for marker-assisted selection.
Chromosome Complement of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Fusarium graminearum Based on Genetic and Physical Mapping and Cytological Observations
Authors: Gale L R , Bryant J D , Calvo S , Giese H , Katan T , O'Donnell K , Suga H , Taga M , Usgaard T R , Ward T J , Kistler H C 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A genetic map of the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae) was constructed to both validate and augment the draft whole-genome sequence assembly of strain PH-1. A mapping population was created from a cross between mutants of the sequenced strain (PH-1, NRRL 31084, originally isolated from Michigan) and a field strain from Minnesota (00-676, NRRL 34097). A total of 111 ascospore progeny were analyzed for segregation at 235 loci. Genetic markers consisted of sequence-tagged sites, primarily detected as dCAPS or CAPS (n = 131) and VNTRs (n = 31), in addition to AFLPs (n = 66) and 7 other markers. While most markers exhibited Mendelian inheritance, segregation distortion was observed for 25 predominantly clustered markers. A linkage map was generated using the Kosambi mapping function, using a LOD threshold value of 3.5. Nine linkage groups were detected, covering 1234 cM and anchoring 99.83% of the draft sequence assembly. The nine linkage groups and the 22 anchored scaffolds from the sequence assembly could be assembled into four chromosomes, leaving only five smaller scaffolds (59,630 bp total) of the nuclear DNA unanchored. A chromosome number of four was confirmed by cytological karyotyping. Further analysis of the genetic map data identified variation in recombination rate in different genomic regions that often spanned several hundred kilobases.
Multiple Genes Affect Sensitivity of Caenorhabditis elegans to the Bacterial Pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum
Authors: Gravato-Nobre Maria J , Nicholas Hannah R , Nijland Reindert , O'Rourke Delia , Whittington Deborah E , Yook Karen J , Hodgkin Jonathan 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Interactions with bacteria play a major role in immune responses, ecology, and evolution of all animals, but they have been neglected until recently in the case of C. elegans. We report a genetic investigation of the interaction of C. elegans with the nematode-specific pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum, which colonizes the rectum and causes distinctive tail swelling in its host. A total of 121 mutants with altered response to infection were isolated from selections or screens for a bacterially unswollen (Bus) phenotype, using both chemical and transposon mutagenesis. Some of these correspond to known genes, affecting either bacterial adhesion or colonization (srf-2, srf-3, srf-5) or host swelling response (sur-2, egl-5). Most mutants define 15 new genes (bus-1–bus-6, bus-8, bus-10, bus-12–bus-18). The majority of these mutants exhibit little or no rectal infection when challenged with the pathogen and are probably altered in surface properties such that the bacteria can no longer infect worms. A number have corresponding alterations in lectin staining and cuticle fragility. Most of the uninfectable mutants grow better than wild type in the presence of the pathogen, but the sur-2 mutant is hypersensitive, indicating that the tail-swelling response is associated with a specific defense mechanism against this pathogen.
A Statistical Multiprobe Model for Analyzing cis and trans Genes in Genetical Genomics Experiments With Short-Oligonucleotide Arrays
Authors: Alberts Rudi , Terpstra Peter , Bystrykh Leonid V , de Haan Gerald , Jansen Ritsert C 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Short-oligonucleotide arrays typically contain multiple probes per gene. In genetical genomics applications a statistical model for the individual probe signals can help in separating “true” differential mRNA expression from “ghost” effects caused by polymorphisms, misdesigned probes, and batch effects. It can also help in detecting alternative splicing, start, or termination.