bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychical Research and the Late Victorian Gothic
Authors: Luckhurst Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1889 the celebrated mind-reader Stuart Cumberland (who had demonstrated his psychical talents at the offices of the Pall Mall Gazette in 1884) published a shilling shocker, A Fatal Affinity. London is gripped by a sequence of murders of women, all stabbed by a poisoned dagger on their twenty-first birthday. The penny press record the grimmest details; mad-doctors diagnose a homicidal mania following a lunar cycle; a noted author proposes criminal suggestion by mesmeric influences. Amidst these speculations, Colonel Mansfield returns from his travels.
The Woman Sensitive: Nerves, New Women, and Henry James
Authors: Luckhurst Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study has accumulated evidence of a persistent association of occult and telepathic sensitivity with femininity. Spiritualists privileged women mediums, making the s èance, as Alex Owen has argued, an arena for the rehearsal and subversion of’normative femininity’. For William Stead, trained by women in automatic writing, these talents were an extension of his idealization of the feminine. He held that ‘sex in woman is something which Nature has made more silent on the physical plane, in order that its sense may listen to whisperings on emotional and spiritual planes … This more silent woman-sense is in touch with some of Nature’s subtlest secrets.’ Medical men from the 1870s pathologized ‘mediomania’ as a hysterical contagion preponderant in a less rational female population.
Introduction
Authors: Briden James C , Downing Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scarcely a day goes by without news of drought or flood, famine or hurricane, conflict or fraught international negotiation to raise repeatedly the suspicion that humanity is living beyond the coping capacity of our host planet. The natural forces and human interests, individual and communal, are legion and apparently irreconcilable. How can we manage? How can we live sustainably on Earth, bequeathing to successor generations an environment at least as fit to live in as we currently enjoy? The issues go beyond the conventional bounds of politics and international diplomacy to the challenge of managing the Earth itself.
Risks of Conflict: Resource and Population Pressures
Authors: Tickell Crispin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two world wars in the last century showed how dangerous wars between industrial states had become. It is probably no coincidence that there has been none since then. As the United Nations Secretary-General remarked in his Millennial Report in 2000, ‘the majority of wars today are wars among the poor’. Violence within societies has also increased. Of the twenty-seven armed conflicts that took place in 1999, all but two were within national boundaries.
Valuing the Earth: Reintegrating the Study of Humans and the Rest of Nature
Authors: Costanza Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Practical problem solving in complex, human-dominated ecosystems requires the integration of three elements: ( r) active and on-going envisioning of both how the world works and how we would like the world to be; systematic analysis appropriate to and consistent with the vision; and implementation appropriate to the vision. Scientists generally focus on only the second of these steps, but integrating all three is essential to both good science and effective management. ‘Subjective’ values enter in the ‘vision, element, both in terms of the formation of broad social goals and in the creation of a ‘pre-analytic vision’ which necessarily precedes any form of scientific analysis.
Can Technology Save Us from Global Climate Change?
Authors: Metz Bert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before we can answer the question if technology can save us from glob al climate change, we need to have an idea how big the climate change challenge is. The most recent IPCC assessment (IPCC 2001a) presents an estimate of the increase in global average mean temperature by 2oo1 in the absence of further policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. On top of the increase of o.7 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial global average temperature that has already materialized, a further I .4 to 5.8 degrees Celsius increase above today’s temperature can be expected. This estimate is based on a range of scenarios for the evolution of greenhouse gas emissions developed by IPCC (IPCC 2000a), combined with a range of climate models and a range of climate sensitivities.1 The emissions scenarios are obviously where we have to look when we want to get an idea of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions to be avoided.
An Uncooperative Commodity: Privatizing Water in England and Wales
Authors: Bakker Karen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Privatization of water suply is an emotive and controversial topic. The 'British model' of water privatization is unique: no other country has entirely privatized its water supply and sewerage systems. This book analyzes the socio-economic and environmental dimensions of privatization in England and Wales. It examines the implications of privatization for consumers, environmental management, and the water supply industry.
Privatizing Water, Producing Scarcity: The Yorkshire Drought of 1995
Authors: Bakker Karen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the hot, sunny summer of 1995, reservoirs in England’s West Yorkshire region ran dry. Despite restrictions on water consumption, demand soared to record levels. Yorkshire Water Services (YWS), the private company in charge of water supplies, obtained emergency permission to increase abstraction from local rivers. Amid concerns over deteriorating water quality and low flow levels, the environmental regulator of the industry carried out ‘fish rescues’ and artificially aerated some rivers (EA 1996&lt;7). Local schools, hospitals, and councils made contingency plans in the event of a failure in water supply. Local officials warned of health epidemics and fire hazards. Unessential uses, such as garden-watering and car-washing, were banned throughout the region. Standpipes (public water taps for access by multiple households) were erected, and YWS warned of ‘rota cuts’ (periodic cut-offs in domestic water supply). The region’s reservoirs were empty, despite having been full only months before, after one of the wettest winters of the century.
Discourse and Environmental Planning
Authors: Rydin Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The central focus of this book is the role of discourse within the processes of environmental planning, particularly as it relates to rationality claims and to conflicts and consensus within these processes. The book examines in detail the processes of agenda creation, legitimation, conflict mediation, and consensus building, as well as the more routine aspects of bureaucratic planning practice. It does so in the context of a broader concern with discourses, communication, and argument within planning processes.
Air Pollution Control and Air Quality Management
Authors: Rydin Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among environmental issues, pollution is one that has been subject to considerable ‘unpacking’ in terms of its social construction. Mary Douglas’s (1966) work on the construction of matter ‘out of place’ as ‘pollution’ and the development of social institutions of taboo and control on that basis is rightly regarded as seminal within anthropology. Her own and subsequent work on the construction of risk has developed this approach further, particularly within the anthropological framework of cultural theory (Douglas and Wildavsky 1983; Adams 1995).
Local Agenda 21
Authors: Rydin Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Local Agenda 21 traces its history back to the Rio Summit and UN World Conference on Environment and Development held in 1992. At this event a document known as Agenda 21 was presented. It represented a manifesto for sustainable development for the twenty-first century and it received consider able attention and support at the conference. Many governments announced a willingness to adopt A21 and follow it up at the national level. A UN Commission on Sustainable Development has, since then, sought to hold governments to their word.
‘Thre Geschichte Ware NochZuSchreiben’: Biographical Fictions About Women
Authors: Bridge Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first chapter has shown how, from the 1970s onwards, a growing gulf separated the GDR literary discourse on National Socialism from historians’ treatments of the topic. Whereas authors drew on their own subjective experience to challenge dogmatic interpretations of this era of the past, the works this chapter will examine deal with more distant periods of history. Although almost all of these texts present an individual figure, and so are concerned with a particular era in history, they are united not primarily by a concern with a single historical period, as in Chapter 1, but by an interest in a more general historic graphical question: how do we approach the history of women’s experience?
The Reading Group in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Hartley Jenny 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter brings the reading group into the twenty-first century. A small follow-up survey conducted at the end of 2001 asked groups what they had read during the year, and whether there had been any developments or changes. Were recently established groups still going, or had the late 1990s seen a temporary fad passing through? And what is their place and standing in the world of books? The 2001 survey has returns from 130 groups and, as in the earlier survey, the enthusiasm comes across strongly, both for what they have been reading, and for the group itself.
Euroscepticism in Italy*
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the second government of Silvio Berlusconi, developments concerning the European Union (EU) policy of the Italian government pushed the issue of Euroscepticism in Italy into the limelight. In the past, any reference to ‘Italian Euroscepticism’ would have been regarded as an oxymoron, given that Italian elites, political parties, and public opinion alike had traditionally been ‘pro-European’, meaning pro-EU and in favour of European integration. With the appointment of the second Berlusconi government in May 2001—even though some signals had already emerged during the first Berlusconi government in 1994—Eurosceptic attitudes, at times translated into policies, appeared at the governmental level for the first time in post-war Italy.
NMR in solids
Authors: Freeman Ray 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ice and water are the same chemical substance, yet one is a solid and the other a liquid. We all recognize the difference from their bulk properties, but it is the nature of the molecular motion that really distinguishes these two states of matter. The molecules of liquid water are in continuous rapid motion in all possible directions. Although water molecules are too small to be seen under an ordinary microscope, their chaotic translational motion can be made evident by sprinkling a fine powder on the water surface. These small solid particles are large enough to been seen under the microscope yet small enough to be buffeted in a random manner by the water molecules (Brownian motion). More import ant to the NMR spectroscopist is the ‘tumbling’ motion-a chaotic, stepwise reorientation of the molecules which has a very profound effect on the NMR spectra.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Freeman Ray 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1972 magnetic resonance emerged from being a technique devoted almost entirely to chemistry to one that quickly became essentially a household word in medicine. The initial excitement was boosted by the hope that it might serve as a foolproof diagnostic for cancerous tissue, but it gradually became apparent that magnetic resonance had far wider implications as a method for obtaining images of human physiology, and even as the long-awaited window into how the brain functions. Soon the new tail (MRI) began to wag the old dog (NMR).
Introduction: Holy Lands
Authors: Bar-Yosef Eitan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1804, William Blake began composing and etching one of his most monumental prophecies, Jerusalem. It was a much shorter poem, how-ever, written that same year as part of his Preface to Milton, which eventually usurped the title ‘Jerusalem’ to become Blake’s most enduring work: an English institution. Performed every summer, with great pomp and circumstance, at the very end of the Last Night of the Proms, Blake’s hymn has come to mean different things to different people. For some, dreaming of a lost rural Eden, the powerful pledge to rebuild Jerusalem offers a glimpse of heaven on earth. For others, it evokes the utopian fantasy of a socialist England, envisaged by artists from William Morris to Morrissey (who often enters the stage, in his concert tours, with ‘Jerusalem’ thundering in the background).
Homesick Crusaders: Propaganda and Troop Morale in the Palestine Campaign, 1917
Authors: Bar-Yosef Eitan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 9 December 1917 British and Dominion forces captured Jerusalem from the Turks; two days later, heading a solemn procession, General Edmund Allenby—chief of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF)— entered the city on foot. In London, Punch published a memorable illustration which epitomized the great achievement: captioned ‘The Last Crusade’, it showed Richard Coeur de Lion looking down towards the Holy City and nodding contentedly, ‘My dream comes true!’(seeFig.12).Punch, it seemed, spoke for many. The allusion to the campaign in Palestine as the ‘new’ or the ‘last’ Crusade was common both during and after the War, with numerous books offering their own variation on the theme: Khaki Crusaders (1919), Temporary Crusaders (1919), The Modern Crusaders (1920), The Last Crusade (1920), With Allenby’s Crusaders (1923), and so forth. A recent title like Anthony Bruce’s The Last Crusade: The Palestine Campaign in the First World War (2003) indicates that the analogy has yet to be exhausted.
Prologue
Authors: Millgate Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To undertake the revision of a biography is scarcely less risky—less of a venture over potentially dangerous waters—than embarking on it in the first place. However much the biographer knows, that knowledge can never account for more than a fraction of the life actually lived. No sources are entirely unproblematic, and they may in any case remain permanently deficient for those periods or aspects of a life commonly considered to be of particular significance: early childhood, for example, sexual relationships, and those supremely elusive processes of literary and artistic creativity. In returning, however, to Thomas Hardy: A Biography some two decades after its original appearance, I do at least have the confidence of knowing that much material of interest and importance has been published during the intervening years.
Far from the Madding Crowd
Authors: Millgate Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emma Gifford ‘s ‘romantic ideas ‘, so admired by her friend Margaret Hawes, were primarily responsible for her now encouraging Hardy to continue with his writing. She had literary aspirations of her own, an imagination of herself as the wife of a successful author, and doubtless a secret hope that the romance of a literary career would compensate in some degree for Hardy ‘s lack of a commandingly handsome exterior. Hardy himself, though susceptible to such encouragement, was as a prospective husband obliged to consider economic realities, and he could see no immediate alternative to the architectural work in which he was—in one sense fortunately, in another ironically—becoming steadily more experienced, proficient, and sought after. The beginning of 1872 found him in lodgings at 1 West Parade, Weymouth, still working for Crickmay, but just before Easter he went once more to London, to the Bedford Street offices of T. Roger Smith, one of the judges for the Architectural Association prize Hardy had won in 1863 and now busy with submissions to a London School Board competition for the design of new schools.¹ Hardy took lodgings with the family of a tailor at 4 Celbridge Place, a terraced block (now part of Porchester Road) a hundred yards or so from 16 Westbourne Park Villas, and was still enough of a churchgoer to attend service at St George ‘s, Notting Hill, on Good Friday, at St Paul ‘s Cathedral on Easter Day, and at St George ‘s, Hanover Square, the following Sunday, 7 April.²
Florence Henniker
Authors: Millgate Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1892 Rebekah Owen, an energetic, unmarried American woman of 34, came on a purposeful pilgrimage to Dorchester, dragging her elder sister in her train.¹ She was armed with an introduction from one of the directors of Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Hardy ‘s reprint publishers, talked her way into Max Gate, and was soon on friendly terms with both Hardy and Emma. The more romantic aspects of her relation-ship with Hardy himself seem to have existed only in her own imagination, but he was certainly flattered and gratified, early on, by her wide and enthusiastic knowledge of his work. The Owen sisters made several expeditions under his or Emma ‘s guidance to Wool Manor, Bindon Abbey, Weymouth, and other places drawn upon in the novels, and on 7 September they all four went to Swanage, where Hardy attended a meeting of the Field Club while Emma showed the Owen sisters around the town. At West End Cottage the now widowed Mrs Masters remembered the Hardys from sixteen years earlier, but Emma declined to go inside, evidently associating the house with a period of relative poverty and with the writing of The Hand of Ethelberta, a book she claimed to dislike because it had ‘too much about servants in it ‘.²
Keeping Separate
Authors: Millgate Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hardy had apparently determined the contents of Wessex Poems in February 1897, nearly two years ahead of its first appearance in December 1898, and he had certainly made by then the remarkable decision to illustrate the volume with his own sketches. In making up such a volume of verse he was able to draw upon richer resources than his contemporaries are likely to have suspected, his abandonment of poetry during the fiction-writing decades having been far from absolute. Poems had been completed but left unpublished, The Dynasts had been brooded upon, planned and replanned, and partly drafted,¹ and notebooks had become filled with material potentially usable in possible poems. Apart from items entered into Hardy ‘s ‘Studies, Specimens ‘ notebook from the 1860s or retrospectively gathered into his later ‘Poetical Matter ‘ notebook, little of that material survived the systematic destruction of Hardy ‘s pocketbooks that was carried out partly by Hardy himself before his death and partly by Sydney Cockerell after it.² But while the available evidence for Hardy ‘s continuing poetic activity is thus disappointingly sparse, what the pocket-books typically contained can readily be inferred from the few surviving fragments: ideas for possible topics or titles; descriptions of weather and other natural phenomena; rough drawings of places, people, and paintings seen; snatches of overheard conversations; vignettes of human predicaments and personalities; notes on possible images; outlines for entire poems and even fragmentary drafts.
A Funeral
Authors: Millgate Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emma was also nearing 70, and had been in indifferent health for some years. In May 1906, while gardening at Max Gate, she suffered a seizure of some kind: ‘My heart seemed to stop; I fell, and after a while a servant came to me. ‘¹ Her description of this as her ‘first strange fainting-fit ‘ suggests that it was followed by others, but by 1910 her general health had markedly improved. She resumed cycling that summer after having felt well enough in the spring to accompany her husband to London and renew her private assault upon the world of letters. It was, as usual, Hardy who found, at 4 Blomfield Terrace in Maida Vale, what was to prove their last London flat, and Emma followed at the beginning of May, bringing with her one of the Max Gate maids to answer the door and do the shopping.² It was at just this moment that the death of Edward VII occurred. Hardy watched the funeral procession from the vantage point of the Athenaeum Club and on his own birthday, two weeks later, he was moved by the reflection that he was, at 70, a year older than the dead king.³
A Second Marriage
Authors: Millgate Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immediately upon Emma ‘s death Kate Hardy moved into Max Gate to act as her brother ‘s housekeeper. Florence Dugdale was already in Weymouth, having come down, like the Owen sisters, to be present at the performance of The Trumpet-Major, and when Hardy summoned her to Max Gate they seem to have behaved with what Emma ‘s loyal young maid, taught by Dorchester gossip to regard Florence as Hardy ‘s ‘mistress ‘, regarded as unseemly levity. A death can of course provoke complex responses from the living, and it is likely enough that both Hardy and Florence were at first seized by a sense of the freedom and opportunity that Emma ‘s departure had so unexpectedly created. But the moment for euphoria soon passed. Florence went back to Enfield for a few days, and when she returned to Max Gate in early December she found not only that Kate was still in command but that Lilian Gifford had moved in too. There were in any case business matters to be attended to, letters to be written, malicious tongues to be challenged and, if possible, silenced. Hardy, criticized for allowing the performance of The Trumpet-Major to go forward on the day of his wife ‘s death, sent to The Times a supplementary obituary of Emma that included a statement to the effect that ‘Mr. Hardy ‘ had not interfered with the play simply out of consideration for those who had come a long way to see it.¹
Introduction
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Somebody had poor Julian Bell’s great gushing Life and Letters [Essays, Poems and Letters (London: The Hogarth Press, 1938)], it would have offended him rather I think. But my word how he did write letters. And what is this business of keeping letters? Do you keep letters? It must be a widespread practice judging from biographies. Rather an ugly one I think. It certainly couldn’t be done in my mother’s house, where any writing left about (including two complete plays of mine some time ago) gets immediately destroyed.
In the Blood: Sir Richard Empson, Professor William, and John Henry
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the Reverend John Empson (1787–1861)—best known as the famous ‘Flying Parson’, because of his insatiable and nerveless passion for hunting—set himself to compose some verses to grace a memorial to his parents, he very slightly adapted a pair of couplets from William Cowper’s poem ‘On the Receipt of My Mother’s Picture’ (1790). The resulting tribute might have amused the most literary of his descendants with its unwonted ambiguity:
Siege and Liberation
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘We have had a certain amount of distraction here, ‘ Empson wrote on 19 November, just a few weeks after returning to the fray of Peiping. Inflation had soared throughout the summer; food supplies plunged. As more and more government soldiers surged into Peiping, professors had to live ‘cramped together in crowded compounds, almost penniless, too proud to speak of their destitution to the outer world, ‘ as Derk Bodde (a Fulbright Fellow) noted in his journal.