bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETERMINANTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: AN UMBRELLA REVIEW
Authors: D’Amore Cassandra , Saunders Stephanie , Bhatnagar Neera , Griffith Lauren , Richardson Julie , Beauchamp Marla 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable factor for noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and functional trajectories as we age. The World Health Organization highlights the need to mobilize policies targeted toward modifiable determinants of healthy aging. Therefore, understanding the current evidence for PA determinants is crucial to achieving these goals. This umbrella review aimed to summarize the determinants of PA in older adults. A research librarian searched six databases. Systematic and scoping reviews were included if they investigated community-dwelling people with a mean age of 60 years or older and examined a relationship between any type of PA and a determinant. Two independent reviewers screened 17,277 references and 11 reviews were ultimately included. Of the countries reported, 78% were high-income and zero were lower-income countries. Three of the eleven reviews focused on specific clinical populations living in the community. Only 6% of studies included in all reviews had longitudinal designs. Included studies focused on a variety of types of PA (e.g., total PA, walking, leisure-time PA) and measures of PA, with 76% using self-report, 15% using direct measures (e.g., accelerometry), 3% using both types, and 6% with no outcome measure reported. Physical environment determinants were the most commonly assessed (6/11) with more than 70% of the summarized relationships demonstrating null associations. Three out of four reviews reported a positive relationship between walkability and PA in general community-dwelling older adults. Further prospective longitudinal studies are needed to improve our current understanding of the determinants of PA in community-living older people.
TELEMEDICINE CONSULTATIONS IN SWEDEN 2020–2022: EXPLORING AGE DIFFERENCES
Authors: Gabrielsson-Järhult Felicia , Kåreholt Ingemar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Health care in Sweden is heavily subsidized and costs for the user are small, both for physical consultation and telemedicine, and for public and private health care. It has been argued that telemedicine consultations will increase care consumption, lead to higher costs, and create inequalities. As older people often are less skilled in digital technology, increased digitalization of care might increase inequalities. Telehealth is mainly conducted by private companies. This study is based on all private telemedicine consultations in two regions in southern Sweden 2020-2022, with approx. 656,000 inhabitants. 106,000 persons had 343,000 telemedicine consultations, 3.2 consultations p/p. The number of consultations differed neglectable between age groups, for women median was 2.0 for the age groups (&lt; 65/65-79/80+), and for men it was 1.0. The proportion of people WITH telemedicine consultations differed heavily between the age group as well as months. Total number of telemedicine consultations per month varied 4-8.5 thousand among women, and 2-4 thousand among men. The months with most consultations were March-June 2021. Proportion of telehealth consultations was low in the age group 65-79, and even lower among 80+. The proportion of consultations by people 65-79 years increased steadily and reached its peak July-September 2021 with &gt;20%. After that, it increased rapidly down to &lt; 3% among women and &lt; 4% among men. The pattern was similar among people 80+ with peaks at approx. 2% among women and close to 2% among men. The conclusion is that there is still a huge age difference in the use of telehealth consultations.
AGEISM IN THE LABOR MARKET: LEARNING AND EDUCATION FOR OLDER ADULT JOB SEEKERS
Authors: Jin Bora , Baumgartner Lisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite older workers’ value to an organization and no differences in job performance or productivity from younger workers (Rego et al., 2018), older job seekers encounter ageism in employment during their job search (Zaniboni et al., 2019). Ageism in employment and the workplace have detrimental effects on older job seekers, organizations, and society. Therefore, this conceptual paper explores the financial, emotional, psychological, and physical factors that should be considered when supporting older job seekers in navigating reeducation and learning to obtain employment. We collected and reviewed extant literature on this topic by consulting the following databases: EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and PubMed and using search terms such as “older adult,” “workplace,” “ageism,” “employment.” Ageist practices and stereotypes can occur at any stage of the employment process, including application, interview, hiring, training, job duties, benefits, downsizing, or termination. Older job seekers or employees may experience age discrimination in the workplace directly (e.g., if employers consider candidates cannot project the youthful image that the business desires, they may decline to offer the position) or indirectly (employers reject older applicants for a job because of their overqualification). We provide practical implications for older job seekers by exploring workplace learning strategies for older adults, including peer mentoring, intergenerational learning (Arthanat, 2019), proactive personality, and effective job search activity (Zacher, 2013). In addition, we discuss how older workers need to see the relevance of tasks to be individually motivated to learn and explore the need for personalized learning programs (Seo et al., 2019).
DEFINING OLD AGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE PERSPECTIVE OF AFRICAN SCHOLARS AND PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Ashirifi Gifty , Teshome Abraham , Adamek Margaret , Adeniji Dolapo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The older adult population in Africa is projected to experience the fastest growth rate among regions in the world. Although in most Global North nations, 60-65 is considered old, the issue of what age should be accepted as “old” in Sub-Saharan Africa has remained a controversial issue with governments and scholars. The imminent increase in aging in Africa is a call for action since age definition is directly linked to access to programs and policies necessary to ensure older adults’ well-being. Through an online survey, this study investigated the perspectives of Gerontology and Social Work professionals from Sub-Saharan Africa (n=78, 55% female, age range 24-75) on what age should be accepted as “old” or “elderly” for policy development and research purposes. A descriptive analysis indicated that the most endorsed old age marker in Sub-Saharan Africa was 50 years old (33.3%) ---a full decade lower than the United Nation’s designation of old age. The primary factors respondents indicated should be considered when defining old age in Sub-Saharan Africa are health status (73.6%), retirement age (61.1%), and quality of life (56.9%). Age 60 was identified as the most appropriate age to determine eligibility for aging programs (45.1%) and for conducting research on later life (43.5%). We recommend that age guidelines used in Global South regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa should not necessarily mirror the guidelines for age used in the Global North but should fit the context of aging in those regions.
IS MIDDLE-AGED INEQUITY LIKELY TO PERSIST INTO OLD AGE?: TRAJECTORIES OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN KOREA
Authors: Jung Jae Yeon , Nam Seok In 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Korea has the highest rate of older adult poverty among the OECD countries. The poverty of the older adult continues even with the government’s policies, as the loss of social roles, the reduction of the network, and the difficulty of escaping exclusion are complex. The goal is to find out how the trajectory of social exclusion changes as people get older. We used the data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service. The target population is middle-aged people aged 45 to 52 (based on the first year), mainly the baby boom generation in Korea, and the total number of cases included in the analysis is 1,348. The trajectory of social exclusion change for 14 years from 2006 to 2020 was confirmed by composing on into economics, health, employment, housing, and social relationships. The group-based multi-trajectory model analysis was performed using Stata 16.1. The groups were identified as four: the low exclusion continuous maintenance group, the employment high exclusion maintenance group, the economic/housing high exclusion maintenance group, and the multi-domain high exclusion continuous maintenance group. All four types showed a tendency to maintain social exclusion from middle age until old age. Factors that caused differences between groups were gender, residential area, marital status, education, and income. These findings suggest that as people get older, the cumulative inequity in their lives becomes more pronounced. As a result, it will provide important clues for establishing policies for the welfare of older adults and alleviating social inequality.
APPLICATION OF A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATIONS IN CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Mills Whitney , Thomas Kali , Huang Yuan , Wininger Michael , Hummel Scott 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The VA Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) study “Geriatric OUt-of-hospital Randomized MEal Trial in heart failure – Veterans Affairs” (GOURMET-VA) is a randomized, single-blind, multi-center, clinical trial investigating the effects of home-delivered meals in Veterans discharged from hospitalization for heart failure. GOURMET-VA is one of the first CSP studies to integrate implementation scientists during protocol planning. We describe how the three phases of the new Implementation Planning Assessment (IPA) Tool was used proactively to guide planning of the implementation evaluation for the trial, oriented towards future adoption and sustainment of the intervention. Phase 1 (“Planning, Framing, & Aligning Interested Parties”): During early protocol development, the implementation team helped identify and facilitated meetings with relevant VA national leadership. These meetings resulted in plans for engagement throughout the trial and input on trial design. Phase 2 (“Implementation Process Data Collection”): Guided by IPA, the implementation evaluation uses mixed methods to understand the context into which the intervention is being implemented, experiences of Veterans and clinicians with the intervention, and barriers and facilitators to implementation at the patient, healthcare provider, and leadership levels. Phase 3 (“Planning for Sustainment of Effective Trials”): A preliminary dissemination and sustainability plan was drafted, including how the implementation evaluation data may be used to inform adaptations of the GOURMET-VA intervention to improve effectiveness and uptake. We found that the structured guides that comprise the IPA were valuable in helping the implementation scientists and the trial team to find common ground in terms of rationale, methods, and language.
REPEAT AND SERIAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED) OLDER ADULT USERS—A STATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS USING THE NYU-JHU ALGORITHM
Authors: Kelekar Uma , Gupta Debasree Das , Abdesslem Amel Ben , Tran Diep , Shepherd Jewel , Turner Sidney 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Older adults account for 12-24% of all Emergency Department (ED) visits and studies have shown a 25-35% increase in older adult ED visits over time. While some studies have analyzed ED encounters over a single healthcare system, a year or a specific condition, research comparing the long-term frequent use of the ED across cohorts of older adults in the United States is limited. We address this gap by identifying characteristics associated with repeat (&gt;1 visit during the time period) and serial/frequent (&gt;=4/year) ED utilization for Maryland. Using the 2017-2019 State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD), we extracted ED visits among the elderly (&gt;=60 years) population. By applying the modified New York University Algorithm by John Hopkins University (NYU-JHU-EDA), we classified ED visits into 11 categories, and we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify inter-age variations in the type of visits to the ED across single, repeat and serial users, after controlling for covariates. Of the total 5,331,843 ED visits between 2017 and 2019, 1,244,878 (~23%) were older adult visits. Relative to the 60–69-year-olds, those 80 and above had higher odds of being repeat users for emergent issues [OR=1.34, CI:1.07-1.67], primary-care treatable condition [OR=1.29, CI:1.03-1.62], and severe [1.30, CI: 1.03-1.64] and non-severe injuries [1.61, CI:1.28-2.01]. Relative to 60-69 year olds non-serial users, the oldest cohort demonstrated lower odds for psychiatric/alcohol and drug-related diagnoses [OR=0.63, CI:0.42, 0.95]. Our findings highlight the need to design age-group specific interventions to reduce the frequent ED utilization among the elderly in Maryland.
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH PREDICTORS OF PREMATURE MORTALITY IN A BLACK AMERICAN LONGITUDINAL COHORT
Authors: Green Kerry , Bugbee Brittany , Doherty Elaine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Life expectancy among Americans is now the lowest it has been in 15 years. While startling, more alarming are the persistent racial disparities in mortality. Black Americans continue to die at significantly younger ages with Black men living, on average, 7.0 fewer years and Black women living 4.4 fewer years than their White counterparts. To inform intervention strategies and resource allocation, we need a complete understanding of the role that malleable factors, such as substance use and depression early in the life course, play in premature mortality for aging Black Americans. This study illuminates behavioral health factors that can be targeted to eliminate mortality disparities among a longitudinal cohort followed from childhood into their 60s. Utilizing data from the Woodlawn Study, a well-defined neighborhood cohort study of 1,242 Black Americans that began in 1966 (age 6), we examined the predictive value of family history of substance use, adolescent substance use and depression, and young adult substance use and depression. Through 2021 (modal age 61), based on National Death Index reports, 21.6% of the original cohort (n=268) has passed away. The poster will present cause and timing of death by gender and adjusted logistic regression findings showing that depression symptoms as early as adolescence (age 16) predict midlife mortality occurring between ages 32 and 60 (p=.003) and that those diagnosed with depression or a substance use disorder in young adulthood are 61% (p=.025) and 85% (p=.001) more likely to die by age 60. Policy and prevention implications will be presented.
INTERSECTION OF RACE AND PLACE-BASED DISPARITIES AMONG 65+ IN MISSISSIPPI
Authors: Jansen Taylor , Su Yan-Jhu , Lee Chae Man , Silverstein Nina , Dugan Elizabeth , White Kina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Disparities in healthy aging have been attributed to race, gender, SES, and zipcode. The Mississippi Healthy Aging Data Report (HADR) is a new resource in the state to advance age-friendly progress reporting 150 indicators related to healthy aging for 82 counties. The present study explored how race and place may be associated with community health outcomes. The main data sources include the American Community Survey, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Bivariate statistical analyses and mapping were conducted to compare the 65+ population in Mississippi living in rural (N=65) and urban areas (N=17); counties with high (N=44) and low (N=38) proportions of 65+ black residents; and high and low black populations by rural (high: N= 38; low: N=27) and urban counties (high: N=6; low: N=11). Bivariate analyses found that the rural counties with high proportions of 65+ black residents reported consistently worse rates for 26 out of 28 indicators of healthy aging. ArcGIS Mapping demonstrated that the Mississippi rural, black population tended to be centralized to the Delta region, a historically impoverished area. This population reported the highest rates of chronic conditions and poverty, lowest rates of education and life expectancy, and the lowest access to primary care providers and hospitals. This study underscores the importance of data tools like HADR to improve healthy aging for everyone. Understanding the distribution of community rates makes disparities evident and may help practitioners and policymakers to allocate resources to areas of highest need.
RHYTHM AND NATURE: APPLYING TRAUMA-INFORMED APPROACHES TO RESEARCH TO PRIORITIZE CHOICE, EXPRESSION, AND JUSTICE
Authors: Ihara Emily , Hand Michelle 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Trauma-informed approaches are widespread in direct clinical and particularly in social work practice, and have gained momentum in other areas such as research, organizational culture, supervision, and leadership. Given the recent collective global trauma of the pandemic and the cumulative effects of historic and ongoing racial injustice, a trauma-informed approach to research with older adults, especially with those who have disabilities, such as relating to dementia, can contribute to the movement for access, justice, equity, and inclusion for all. Closely aligned with practices of community-based participatory action research, trauma-informed research pays particular attention to the consideration of the design of studies, the analytical and theoretical frameworks, collaboration among researchers and participants, data collection methods, research questions that capture the knowledge and experiences of participants’ resiliency, strengths, and challenges, and the processes of reflexivity. Rhythm & Nature was a 10-week pilot study designed to incorporate trauma-informed research approaches to promote principles of safety, trustworthiness, collaboration, choice, self-expression, and justice. We created a modifiable drumming and nature-based intervention to promote opportunities for self-expression and confidence. Before and after each drumming and nature-based session, we collected data using emojis (e.g., to increase access for people with limited language or literacy) to indicate how participants felt in the moment and used their ongoing feedback to continuously tailor the program to their unique abilities and needs. Both quantitative and qualitative results of this pilot study and implications for future research, policy, practice and education with older adults, particularly with disabilities, will be discussed.
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH UNMET NEED CONSEQUENCES: FROM A DISABILITY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Turner Natalie , Jones Brittany 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between social participation and consequences arising from unmet ADL, IADL, and mobility needs using disability studies frameworks. The aging field has yet to fully incorporate theoretical perspectives from disability scholarship into our understanding of health, wellbeing, accessibility and inclusion. By situating the experience of aging, aging with care needs, and having unmet care needs within a disability studies lens we gain insight into the ways we are called to redesign the provision of supportive services to ensure meaningful inclusion in community. To illustrate this idea, we use Wave 5 from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (n=7,070) to examine the relationship between ADL, IADL, and mobility unmet need consequences and social participation. Both social participation and unmet need consequences among older adults have been explored from healthcare, quality of life, and economic perspectives. However, there is a lack of scholarship linking these two concepts using a disability lens. Preliminary results from a series of linear regressions show a significant, negative relationship between presence of unmet ADL and mobility need consequences and social participation (p &lt; .001). These findings indicate that experiencing unmet care needs may not only have detrimental effects on health, but on overall adult wellbeing and may be infringing on the ability of older adults to engage with community to the extent they wish. By applying disability frameworks, aging researchers are called to reexamine the ways in which we consider accessibility and full inclusion of older adults with care needs.
SOCIAL RISKS AMONG PREDOMINANTLY AFRICAN AMERICAN/BLACK CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Winslow Victoria , Bernhardy Christina , Borson Soo , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Makelarski Jennifer , Thompson Katherine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Health-related social risk factors (HRSRs) are associated with poorer quality of life and higher caregiving burden and are more prevalent among women and in African American/Black communities due to structural inequities. Little is known about gender differences in HRSRs among dementia caregivers, especially AA/B dementia caregivers. Baseline data were obtained from 345 caregivers of PWD enrolled (17% at their own and 83% at their care recipient’s point of care) in a single-blind, randomized controlled trial of CommunityRx-Caregiver, a social care intervention delivered at the point of health care. Gender differences in HRSR rates (food, housing, safety, utilities, transportation, financial, and social support) were tested using chi-square tests. Most caregivers were women (78%) and non-Hispanic AA/B (80%). Female caregivers had significantly higher rates of having HRSRs (64% of women vs. 51% of men, p=0.04, 62% overall). Lack of social support (47% of women vs. 38% of men, 45% overall), financial strain (26% vs. 23%, 25% overall), and housing insecurity (23% vs. 14%, 21% overall) were also most prevalent among women. Thirty-one percent of women compared to 23% of men reported 2 or more HRSRs. Health-related social risks, especially lack of social support, were prevalent among women and men dementia caregivers in a predominantly AA/B community. By 2030, more than 9 million Americans and their families will be affected by dementia and dementia caregiving. Social care interventions should be designed to identify and support caregivers at the point of their own or their care recipient’s healthcare.