bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual genetic heterogeneity of pollen pools accepted by Quercus salicina individuals
Authors: NAKANISHI A. , TOMARU N. , YOSHIMARU H. , MANABE T. , YAMAMOTO S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSince flowering often varies among years in wind‐pollinated woody species, the genetic composition of pollen pools accepted by seed parents can differ between years. The interannual heterogeneity of pollen flow may be important for maintaining genetic diversity within populations because it can increase genetic variation within populations and the effective sizes of the populations. In this study we examined heterogeneity, using paternity analysis and analysis of molecular variance, in the genetic composition of pollen pools among different reproductive years for six Quercus salicina seed parents in an 11.56‐ha plot in a temperate old‐growth evergreen broadleaved forest. The genotypes at seven microsatellite loci were determined for 111 adult trees and 777 offspring of the six seed parents in 2–5 reproductive years. Genetic differentiation of pollen pools among different reproductive years for each seed parent was significant over all seed parents and for each of four seed parents that were analysed for more than 2 years, but not for either of the other two seed parents (analysed for 2 years). For both the pollen pools originating from inside the plot and those originating from outside it, genetic differentiation among different reproductive years for each seed parent was significant over all seed parents. However, among‐year genetic differentiation in the pollen pools originating from within the plot was detected for all four of the seed parents that were analysed for more than 2 years, but for only one of the four in the pools originating from outside the plot. Genetic diversity (estimated as allelic richness and gene diversity) was higher for pollen pools over all reproductive years than for pollen pools in single years. These results indicate that the year‐to‐year genetic variation of pollen pools increases genetic diversity in offspring and is strongly affected by the variation in pollen parents within the plot because of their high pollination contributions. The high year‐to‐year variation in pollen parents within the plot and overall supports the hypothesis that the offspring produced across years represent a larger genetic neighbourhood.
Comparison of leaf structure and photosynthetic characteristics of C3 and C4Alloteropsis semialata subspecies
Authors: UENO O. , SENTOKU N. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchcock includes both C3 and C4 subspecies: the C3 subspecies eckloniana and the C4 subspecies semialata. We examined the leaf structural and photosynthetic characteristics of these plants. A. semialata ssp. semialata showed high activities of photosynthetic enzymes involved in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase‐type C4 photosynthesis and an anomalous Kranz anatomy. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; pyruvate, Pi dikinase and glycine decarboxylase (GDC) were compartmentalized between the mesophyll (M) and inner bundle sheath cells, whereas ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) occurred in both cells. A. semialata ssp. eckloniana also showed an anomalous non‐Kranz anatomy, in which the mestome sheath cells included abundant chloroplasts and mitochondria. Rubisco and GDC accumulated densely in the M and mestome sheath cells, whereas the levels of C4 enzymes were low. The activity levels of photorespiratory enzymes in both subspecies were intermediate between those in typical C3 and C4 plants. The values of CO2 compensation points in A. semialata ssp. semialata were within the C4 range, whereas those in A. semialata ssp. eckloniana were somewhat lower than the C3 range. These data suggest that the plants are C3‐like and C4‐like but not typical C3 and C4, and when integrated with previous findings, point to important variability in the expression of C4 physiology in this species complex. A. semialata is therefore an intriguing grass species with which to study the evolutionary linkage between C3 and C4 plants.
Total skin electron irradiation therapy in mycosis fungoides using high‐dose rate mode: A preliminary experience
Authors: Parida Dillip K. , Verma Kaushal K. , Chander Subhash , Joshi R. C. , Rath Goura K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntroduction  Total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) therapy is the treatment of choice for mycosis fungoides. However, conventional TSEI therapy is time consuming as well as patient unfriendly. Therefore we used high‐dose rate (HDR) mode TSEI in these patients. High‐dose rate mode of TSEI is a technological innovation attached to a Linear Accelerator (Philips, SL‐20, Netherlands), which can deliver an electron beam of 30 Gy/min at the iso‐center. The iso‐center faces the patient, 100 cm away from the target of the linear accelerator. The patient is treated at a distance of 10 feet from the iso‐center of the linear accelerator. The dose delivered to the skin was 1.13 Gy/min, making the treatment execution much easier and patient compliance much better.Methods  Seven male patients between 40 and 64 years in age having mycosis fungoides for 9–18 months were treated by TSEI using high‐dose rate mode between 1998 and 2000. The TSEI was performed according to the Stanford technique, delivering a total dose of 36 Gy. Each patient received a dose of 1.2 Gy/field/day. There were six fields, i.e. anterior, posterior, left and right anterior obliques, and left and right posterior obliques in both the upper and lower parts of the body. The eyes and nails were shielded at each session of radiotherapy. The times taken at each session of the therapy and radiation‐associated side‐effects were determined in each patient. The patients were followed up to 26 months (median 9 months) to look for any relapse.Results  Three patients had early stage disease (IB) whereas four patients had advanced disease (IIB). Six patients out of these had complete remission following TSEI while one patient died as a result of progression of the disease during treatment. The treatment time taken at each treatment session in each individual patient was approximately 15 min. Radiation‐associated morbidity was seen in all patients. Cutaneous lesions relapsed in two patients after 4 and 10 months, respectively, while four patients were alive without the disease at the end of 2 years.Conclusions  Total skin electron irradiation using high‐dose rate mode delivery of electrons is an easy, better, compliant and effective therapeutic modality for treatment of mycosis fungoides with an acceptable range of toxicities.
Long‐term follow‐up study of 142 patients with vitiligo vulgaris treated by autologous, non‐cultured melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation
Authors: Mulekar Sanjeev V. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground  Vitiligo vulgaris patients are difficult to treat surgically owing to large area involvement. Larger areas can be treated with the help of in vitro cultured melanocytes. These techniques are complex. In most of the studies published to date the number of patients reported is low and follow‐up period short.Objective  To evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety of melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation in large number of vitiligo vulgaris patients.Methods  A simpler and modified method based on that of Olsson and Juhlin has been used. It uses shave biopsy skin sample up to 1/10th the size of recipient area. Skin sample is incubated, cells mechanically separated using trypsin–EDTA solution, and then centrifuged to prepare a suspension. Cell suspension is then applied to a dermabraded de‐pigmented skin area and collagen dressing given to keep it in place.Results  One hundred and forty‐two patients with vitiligo vulgaris were treated and observed for a period up to 6 years. Eighty (56%) patients showed excellent, 15 (11%) showed good, 13 (9%) showed fair and 34 (24%) showed poor repigmentation, which was retained till the end of the respective follow‐up period.
Mycosis fungoides associated with intestinal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Ohmatsu Hanako , Saeki Hidehisa , Fujita Hideki , Toyoma Keiko , Sugaya Makoto , Asahina Akihiko , Masuda Shigeo , Hirai Hisamaru , Watanabe Toshiaki , Nagawa Hirokazu , Tamaki Kunihiko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCoexistence of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and a B‐cell malignancy is rare. We report a case of mycosis fungoides (MF) associated with intestinal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, which is a low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of marginal cell origin. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only two cases of coexistent CTCL and MALT lymphoma, and this is the first case with typical MF and intestinal MALT lymphoma. The coexistence in our case might be coincidental, but genetic predisposition and the immunoregulatory capacity of neoplastic T lymphocytes may be factors contributing to this association.
Induction of IL‐6 in co‐culture of bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils is regulated by p38 MAPK and NF‐κB
Authors: Wang C. B. , Wong C. K. , Ip W. K. , Li M. L. Y. , Tian Y. P. , Lam C. W. K. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Prominent infiltration of eosinophils into the airway mucosa and release of inflammatory mediators upon their adhesion onto airway epithelial cells are the immunopathogical mechanisms of allergic asthma.Objective:  We investigated the effect of normal and paraformaldyhyde‐fixed human eosinophils on BEAS‐2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, for the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐6.Methods:  Interleukin‐6 in cell culture supernatant, protein amount of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity in BEAS‐2B cells were analyzed by Western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL‐6 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and p38 MAPK activity and inhibitor (I)κB‐α induction were evaluated by Western blot.Results:  Co‐culture of BEAS‐2B cells and eosinophils induced a significant elevation of IL‐6 expression in BEAS‐2B cells. Interaction of eosinophils and BEAS‐2B cells led to a marked induction in phospho‐p38 MAPK, phospho‐IκB‐α and activity of NF‐κB in BEAS‐2B cells. NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11‐7082 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 significantly decreased IL‐6 release in a co‐culture of BEAS‐2B cells and eosinophils. Fixed human eosinophils were able to maintain their ability to induce IL‐6 release in co‐culture, activate p38 MAPK and NK‐κB, and up‐regulate IL‐6 gene expression in BEAS‐2B cells.Conclusions:  These data indicate that the interaction of eosinophils and bronchial epithelial cells plays an important role in airway inflammation, at least partly, via IL‐6 induction.
Isolation, cloning and allergenic reactivity of natural profilin Cit s 2, a major orange allergen
Authors: López‐Torrejón G. , Ibáñez M. D. , Ahrazem O. , Sánchez‐Monge R. , Sastre J. , Lombardero M. , Barber D. , Salcedo G. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Orange is among the most widely consumed fruits, and among the plant food sources causing allergic reactions according to popular perception. However, its relevant allergenic components are virtually unknown. Profilin is a well‐defined minor plant panallergen, showing prevalences around 30% in fruits and vegetables.Methods:  Twenty‐three orange‐allergic patients were studied. Natural orange profilin, named Cit s 2, was purified by affinity chromatography and characterized by N‐terminal amino acid sequencing, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis and isolation of its coding cDNA. Reactivity to Cit s 2 was analyzed in vivo by skin prick tests (SPT) and in vitro by IgE immunodetection, specific IgE determination in individual sera and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐inhibition assays.Results:  The N‐terminal amino acid sequence and molecular mass of natural Cit s 2, both fully in agreement with the complete amino acid sequence deduced from its coding cDNA, demonstrated its profilin nature. An unexpectedly high reactivity to Cit s 2 was found in vivo (78% of positive SPT responses) and in vitro (87% of sera from orange allergic patients had specific IgE to Cit s 2). The purified allergen inhibited around 50% of the IgE binding to an orange pulp extract.Conclusion:  Orange profilin Cit s 2, unlike other plant food profilins, is a major and highly prevalent allergen.
On hidden heterogeneity in directional asymmetry – can systematic bias be avoided?ET AL.
Authors: Stige L. C. , David B. , Alibert P. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Directional asymmetry (DA) biases the analysis of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) mainly because among-individual differences in the predisposition for DA are difficult to detect. However, we argue that systematic bias mainly results from predictable associations between signed right–left asymmetry and other factors, i.e. from systematic variation in DA. We here demonstrate methods to test and correct for this, by analysing bilateral asymmetry in size and shape of an irregular sea urchin. Notably, in this model system, DA depended significantly on body length and geographic origin, although mean signed asymmetry (mean DA) was not significant in the sample as a whole. In contrast to the systematic variation in DA, undetectable, random variability in the underlying DA mainly leads to reduced statistical power. Using computer simulations, we show that this loss of power is probably slight in most circumstances. We recommend future studies on FA to routinely test and correct for not only as yet for mean DA, but also for systematic variation in DA.
In search of clinal variation in the period and clock timing genes in Australian Drosophila melanogaster populations
Authors: Weeks A. R. , Mckechnie S. W. , Hoffmann A. A. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Clinal variation for repeat number in the Thr-Gly region of the period circadian timing gene in Drosophila melanogaster was described in Europe and has subsequently been used as evidence of thermal selection on period alleles. To test for clinal variation in this gene along the east coast of Australia, the period polymorphism was scored on flies from multiple samples collected repeatedly over a 5-year interval, along with variation at another circadian rhythm locus, clock. For period, there was no consistent evidence of clinal variation in the 17 and/or 20 repeat alleles, although when average allele length was examined a weak consistent clinal pattern was detected. For clock there was no evidence of clinal variation in the two most common alleles or in average repeat size. These data are inconsistent with the reported patterns in Europe and suggest that clinal variation in timing genes needs to be re-examined in this region.
The linkage between the stem rust resistance gene Sr2 and pseudo‐black chaff in wheat can be broken
Authors: Mishra A. N. , Kaushal K. , Yadav S. R. , Shirsekar G. S. , Pandey H. N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRecessively inherited gene Sr2 has provided the basis of durable resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis tritici) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The associated earhead and stem melanism or ‘pseudo‐black chaff’ is generally used as a marker for this gene. Sr2 has been postulated in many wheat cultivars of India including ‘Lok 1’, based on associated pseudo‐black chaff in adult plants, and leaf chlorosis in seedlings. However, dominant inheritance of the resistance factor operating in ‘Lok 1’, and a 13 : 3 (resistant : susceptible) F2 segregation in the ‘Sr2‐line’ (‘Chinese Spring’6 × ‘Hope’ 3B) × ‘Lok 1’ cross confirmed that Sr2 was absent in ‘Lok 1’. Susceptible plants with a pseudo‐black chaff phenotype were observed in F2 populations of ‘Agra Local’ (susceptible) × ‘Lok 1’, and the ‘Sr2‐line’ × ‘Lok 1’ crosses. Most of the F3 families derived from the susceptible F2 segregants with pseudo‐black chaff phenotypes were true breeding for the expression of pseudo‐black chaff with susceptibility to stem rust. Thus, linkage of pseudo‐black chaff with Sr2 in wheat can be broken, and hence, caution may be exercised in using pseudo‐black chaff as a marker for selecting Sr2 in breeding programmes.
A new gene located on chromosome 2 causing hybrid sterility in a remote cross of rice
Authors: Zhu S. , Wang C. , Zheng T. , Zhao Z. , Ikehashi H. , Wan J. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract‘Ketan Nangka’, the donor of the wide compatibility gene (WCG) showed typical hybrid sterility when crossed to a landrace, ‘Bai Mi Fen’, of Yunnan province in China. A genome‐wide analysis was performed for a backcrossed population of ‘Ketan Nangka’/‘Bai Mi Fen’//‘Ketan Nangka’ using a total of 143 simple sequence repeat markers and an expressed sequence tagged marker to cover the entire rice linkage map. As a result, two independent loci were found to cause hybrid sterility via female gamete abortion. The locus on chromosome 4 may correspond to S9, but the other, on chromosome 2, was different from all the previously reported hybrid sterility loci and was designated as S29(t) following the hybrid sterility nomenclature. On the basis of allelic interaction which causes female gamete abortion, two alleles were found: S29kn(t) in ‘Ketan Nangka’ and S29bi(t) in ‘Bai Mi Fen’. In the heterozygote, S29kn(t)/S29bi(t), which was semi‐sterile, female gametes carrying S29bi(t) were aborted. An Aus variety from the Indian subcontinent, ‘Dular’, was found to have a neutral allele, S29n(t). Two molecular markers, RM185 and RM425, linked to S9 and S29(t), respectively, will be useful for marker‐aided transfer of WCGs in hybrid rice breeding.
Introgression from wild Cicer reticulatum to cultivated chickpea for productivity and disease resistance
Authors: Singh S. , Gumber R. K. , Joshi N. , Singh K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterspecific hybridization is known to improve productivity and resistance to diseases in many crops. Therefore, an attempt was made to introgress productivity and disease resistance into chickpea from wild Cicer species. The true F1 hybrids of cultivated chickpea genotypes ‘L550’ and ‘FGK45’ with C. reticulatum were backcrossed twice to their cultivated female parents to minimize the linkage drag of undesirable wild traits. The pedigree method was followed to advance the segregating populations from straight crosses (without backcross) and BC1/BC2 generations to F5–F7. The interspecific derivatives recorded up to a 16.9% increase over the check cultivars and a 25.2% increase over the female parent in a preliminary yield evaluation trial. Of the 22 interspecific derivatives thus derived, four desi and two kabuli lines were further evaluated for seed yield in replicated trials at three diverse locations. These lines possess a high degree of resistance to wilt, foot rot and root rot diseases, and recorded a 6.1–17.0% seed yield increase over the best check cultivars.
Morphology, inheritance and mapping of a compressed lamina mutant of carrot
Authors: Nothnagel T. , Ahne R. , Straka P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA compressed lamina mutant at a locus named COLA was selected in an inbred population of the cultivated carrot Daucus carota sativus Hoffm. Whereas segregation analyses of F2 progenies, as well as corresponding F3 families, indicated a monogenic recessive inheritance, detailed morphological and histological analyses revealed pleiotropic effects of the COLA gene. The mutant plants exhibited a semi‐dwarf phenotype, shortened epidermal and leaf parenchyma cells and significantly reduced lamina dimensions. Furthermore, the mutant developed stipules and hypogynous flowers, contrary to the stipule‐less leaves and epigynous flowers of the wild type. Using bulked segregant analyses, thirty‐nine marker candidates were detected using 180 RAPD primer and 56 AFLP primer pairs. Twelve primers were linked to the COLA locus and mapped in a linkage group with a total length of 44.2 cM. Potential application of the compressed lamina mutant in carrot research is discussed.
NMDA and dopamine interactions in the nucleus accumbens modulate cortical acetylcholine release
Authors: Zmarowski Amy , Sarter Martin , Bruno John P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAC) plays a key role in directing appropriate motor output following the presentation of behaviorally relevant stimuli. As such, we postulate that accumbens efferents also participate in the modulation of neuronal circuits regulating attentional processes directed toward the identification and selection of these stimuli. In this study, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) and D1 ligands were perfused into the shell region of the NAC of awake rats. Cortical cholinergic transmission, a mediator of attentional processes, was measured via microdialysis probes inserted into the prefrontal cortex (PFC). NMDA perfusions (150 or 250 µm) into NAC resulted in significant increases in acetylcholine (ACh) efflux in PFC (150–200% above baseline levels). Co‐administration of the D1 antagonist SCH‐23390 (150 µm) markedly attenuated (by approx. 70%) ACh efflux following perfusions of 150 µm NMDA but not following 250 µm NMDA, suggesting that D1 receptor activity contributes to the ability of the lower but not the higher concentration of NMDA to increase cortical ACh release. Collectively, these data reveal a positive modulation of NMDA receptors by D1 receptors in NAC that is expressed trans‐synaptically at the level of cortical transmission. This modulation may underlie the coordinated linking of attentional processes and motor output following exposure to salient and behaviorally relevant stimuli.
Deletion of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors differentially affects spontaneous behaviour and cocaine‐induced locomotor activity, reward and CREB phosphorylation
Authors: Karasinska Joanna M. , George Susan R. , Cheng Regina , O'Dowd Brian F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCo‐localization of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors in striatal neurons suggests that these two receptors interact at a cellular level in mediating dopaminergic function including psychostimulant‐induced behaviour. To study D1 and D3 receptor interactions in cocaine‐mediated effects, cocaine‐induced locomotion and reward in mice lacking either D1, D3 or both receptors were analysed. Spontaneous locomotor activity was increased in D1–/–and D1–/–D3–/–mice and D1–/–D3–/–mice did not exhibit habituation of spontaneous rearing activity. Cocaine (20 mg/kg) increased locomotor activity in wild‐type and D3–/–mice, failed to stimulate activity in D1–/–mice and reduced activity in D1–/–D3–/–mice. In the conditioned place preference, all groups exhibited reward at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of cocaine. D1–/–D3–/–mice did not demonstrate preference at 2.5 mg/kg of cocaine although preference was observed in wild‐type, D1–/–and D3–/–mice. The transcription factor cAMP‐responsive element binding protein (CREB) is activated by phosphorylation in striatal regions following dopamine receptor activation. Striatal pCREB levels following acute cocaine were increased in wild‐type and D3–/–mice and decreased in D1–/–and D1–/–D3–/–mice. After repeated administration of 2.5 mg/kg of cocaine, D1–/–mice had lower pCREB levels in caudate–putamen and nucleus accumbens. Our findings suggest that, although spontaneous and cocaine‐induced horizontal activity depended mainly on the presence of the D1 receptor, there may be crosstalk between D1 and D3 receptors in rearing habituation and the perception of cocaine reward at low doses of the drug. Furthermore, alterations in pCREB levels were associated with changes in cocaine‐induced locomotor activity but not reward.