bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in von Willebrand Disease Treatment: Evolution towards Newer Therapies
Authors: Moser Miriam M. , Schoergenhofer Christian , Jilma Bernd 
Published: February 2024

Abstractvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is a very heterogenous disease, resulting in different phenotypes and different degrees of bleeding severity. Established therapies (i.e., desmopressin, antifibrinolytic agents, hormone therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding, and von Willebrand factor [VWF] concentrates) may work in some subtypes, but not in all patients. In recent years, progress has been made in improving the diagnosis of VWD subtypes, allowing for more specific therapy. The impact of VWD on women's daily lives has also come to the fore in recent years, with hormone therapy, tranexamic acid, or recombinant VWF as treatment options. New treatment approaches, including the replacement of lacking factor VIII (FVIII) function, may work in those subgroups affected by severe FVIII deficiency. Reducing the clearance of VWF is an alternative treatment pathway; for example, rondaptivon pegol is a VWFA1 domain-binding aptamer which not only improves plasma VWF/FVIII levels, but also corrects platelet counts in thrombocytopenic type 2B VWD patients. These approaches are currently in clinical development, which will be the focus of this review. In addition, half-life extension methods are also important for the improvement of patients' quality of life. Targeting specific mutations may further lead to personalized treatments in the future. Finally, a few randomized controlled trials, although relatively small, have been published in recent years, aiming to achieve a higher level of evidence in future guidelines.
Assessing the risks and opportunities posed by AI-enhanced influence operations on social media
Authors: Fredheim Rolf , Pamment James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have the potential to dramatically change the landscape of influence operations. They can generate persuasive, tailored content at scale, making campaigns using falsified content, such as disinformation and fake accounts, easier to produce. Advances in self-hosted open-source models have meant that adversaries can evade content moderation and security checks built into large commercial models such as those commercialised by Anthropic, Google, and OpenAI. New multi-lingual models make it easier than ever for foreign adversaries to pose as local actors. This article examines the heightened threats posed by synthetic media, as well as the potential that these tools hold for creating effective countermeasures. It begins with assessing the challenges posed by a toxic combination of automated bots, human-controlled troll accounts, and more targeted social engineering operations. However, the second part of the article assesses the potential for these same tools to improve detection. Promising countermeasures include running internal generative models to bolster training data for internal classifiers, detecting statistical anomalies, identifying output from common prompts, and building specialised classifiers optimised for specific monitoring needs.
Revisiting the Porter hypothesis: a multi-country meta-analysis of the relationship between environmental regulation and green innovation
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Zhu Bin , Li Yongling , Yan Dan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough large numbers of studies have examined the Porter hypothesis, one important issue that remains to be addressed is that why past studies give rise to mixed results. By filling this knowledge gap, our research aimed to provide a fuller picture of the Porter hypothesis. By using the method of meta-analysis, including a total of 58 papers across the world, the findings showed that (1) the overall Porter hypothesis was confirmed—that, in general, environmental regulation had a positive effect on green innovation; (2) by decomposing environmental regulatory types and measures of green innovation, it validated the ‘narrow’ version of the Porter hypothesis—that flexible environmental regulation could foster innovation. Especially, we found the command and control regulation had shown its highest consistency and effectiveness in driving green innovation, whereas voluntary regulation had the highest level of flexibility among all regulatory measures; (3) we also found that heterogeneities of the results were attributed to country type and level of analysis. Overall, by integrating studies with large sample sizes and identifying variations among studies, we offered a comprehensive understanding of the mixed results of the Porter hypothesis and generated more precise and generalizable conclusions than the past studies.
Rawls’ difference principle, self-help group, financial inclusion and social cohesion—lore or actuality? Experience of Central Assam
Authors: Maity Shrabanti 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrofinance is an alternative banking service available to low-income individuals or organizations for whom no institutional financial services are available. A widely accepted approach to assisting disadvantaged and excluded communities, especially in remote rural areas, is microcredit. The purpose of microfinance is to promote financial equality and inclusion by acting as a substitute for traditional lending methods for the marginalized. In India, Self-Help Groups (SHGs)—Bank Linkage Program that led microfinance—gained maximum popularity. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development architected this model. In this model, Grameen Banks are associated with SHGs. The model is familiar as the SHG-Bank Linkage Program (SBLP). A microfinance program’s theoretical foundation is the “Rawls’ Difference Principle” embedded in the “Theory of Justice.” The microcredit program, through the Self-Help Group-Bank Linkage Program (SBLP), gained maximum popularity in India. These SBLPs are registered with the “Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana—National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM)” under the scheme Aajeevika. In harmony with “Rawls’ Difference Principle,” the ultimate goal of Aajeevika is social cohesion for all. The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of the SBLP-driven microfinance program in promoting financial inclusion. Furthermore, unlike earlier studies, the present study also considers whether or not involvement in SBLP increases social cohesion, which is a crucial component of the Difference Principle. The empirical research is conducted using novel data collected through a field survey of 335 participants and 490 non-participants from Nagaon, Morigaon, and Hojai districts of Central Assam. The “Propensity Score Matching” method facilitates the impact analysis of SBLP. The participation decision in the SBLP is positively influenced by the level of education. Empirical results also indicate that Hindus and low-caste women are interested in participating in SBLP. Contrarily, distance from the bank and operational land holdings are negatively influencing the participation decision. The empirical findings support higher financial inclusion through SBLP involvement but do not support greater social cohesion. Based on the empirical results, we suggest that more SBLPs be enrolled with DAY-NRLP under “Aajeevika.” Simultaneously, social cohesion may be achieved only by guaranteeing participation for every deserving individual, irrespective of religion, caste, and class.
The English Language Learner Insight, Proficiency and Skills Evaluation (ELLIPSE) Corpus
Authors: Crossley Scott , Tian Yu , Baffour Perpetual , Franklin Alex , Kim Youngmeen , Morris Wesley , Benner Meg , Picou Aigner , Boser Ulrich 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the open-source English Language Learning Insight, Proficiency and Skills Evaluation
(ELLIPSE) corpus. The corpus comprises ~6,500 essays written by English language learners (ELLs). All essays were written during
state-wide standardized annual testing in the United States. The essays were written on 29 different independent prompts that
required no background knowledge on the part of the writer. Individual difference information is made available for each essay
including economic status, gender, grade level (8–12), and race/ethnicity. Each essay was scored by two trained human raters for
English language proficiency including an overall score of English proficiency and analytic scores for cohesion, syntax,
vocabulary, phraseology, grammar, and conventions. The paper provides reliability on the human judgments of proficiency reported
for the corpus. The ELLIPSE corpus addresses many of the concerns found in existing learner corpora including unique holistic and
analytic scores for each ELL essay. The corpus also includes limited demographic and individual difference data for each ELL.
Bold colors, sweeping melodies, offensive smells
Authors: Galac Ádám 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a corpus-based exploratory study of the figurative conceptualizations of visual, auditory, and
olfactory stimuli in English and Hungarian. Through a manual semantic analysis of altogether 6,800 occurrences of 18 sensory nouns
(three per sensory modality in each language) in the TenTen corpora, the following conceptualization types of perceptual stimuli
have been examined: reification, agentification, animization, and personification. The paper presents the relative frequencies of
these conceptualizations along with their subtypes and concrete linguistic manifestations in English and Hungarian. Among a number
of interesting observations that call for further investigations, the following findings merit special attention: (1) visual
stimuli have the lowest values in every category; (2) in both languages, agentification is the most typical in the case of
olfaction; (3) with the exception of representations of olfactory stimuli as living beings, every conceptualization type is more
frequent in the Hungarian data.
Les opérateurs sémantico-pragmatiques pour ainsi dire et por así
decir(lo)
Authors: Hermoso Mellado-Damas Adelaida 
Published: February 2024

Résumé
Le but de cet article est de mener une étude contrastive français-espagnol de deux opérateurs
sémantico-pragmatiques formés sur les verbes dire et decir respectivement: pour ainsi
dire et por así decirlo. L’expression française présente un degré de figement complet et ne peut
subir un changement d’ordre de ses constituants (*pour dire ainsi); l’expression espagnole, en revanche, accepte
une telle permutation (por decirlo así) et peut même recevoir des variantes paradigmatiques (por decirlo
claramente / de manera simplificada, etc.). Les locutions figées focalisent un élément précis de la
séquence comme étant une forme sémantiquement marquée, tandis que la formule plus élaborée ajoute un commentaire concernant la
manière de transmettre un certain contenu qui aurait sa source dans une voix distincte du locuteur.
Antiracist and racist discourse as antagonistic and overlapping
Authors: Archakis Argiris , Tsakona Villy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This editorial presents the theoretical background underpinning all the chapters of the volume, which are
part of a research project aiming at identifying the ways racist discourse infiltrates antiracist discourse. More
specifically, it elaborates on the concepts of discourse, racist discourse, and antiracist
discourse, as well as on previous research exploring the fuzzy boundaries between racist and antiracist
discourse, which originate in the hegemony of racist discourse and further normalize it. Emphasis is placed on the concept of
liquid racism capturing the co-occurrence of both discourses in the same (con)texts. After a brief
overview of the chapters of the volume and their contribution to the analysis of liquid racism, the editorial is concluded
with some critical reflections on the concept of liquid racism and anti/racist intentions.
Racist discourses of discrimination and assimilation in an antiracist corpus
Authors: Karachaliou Rania , Tsami Vasia , Lazanas Alexis , Archakis Argiris 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Racist views against migrants are not only disseminated via hate speech, which overtly demonizes the
‘foreigners’, but also via antiracist discourse, which, although designed to fight racism, may end up reproducing
inequalities. This ambiguity is captured in the concept of liquid racism (Weaver 2016). To examine liquid racism in Greek public discourse, we have compiled an antiracist corpus (around
501.000 words). The aim of this chapter is to show how this corpus was created and to explore how racist views infiltrate
antiracist discourse. Adopting a critical perspective, and drawing on Halliday’s Systemic
Functional Grammar (1994) and on the discursive practices of Reisigl and Wodak’s
Discourse-Historical Approach (2001), we detected in our corpus two main discourses connected to racism:
discrimination and assimilation. Through a qualitative and quantitative analysis, we
argue that antiracist discourse, which programmatically fights against racist views, usually ends up perpetuating racist
intentions and views, covering and reproducing inequalities.
Liquid racism, metaphor and the visual modality
Authors: Assimakopoulos Stavros , Piata Anna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The extant literature on liquid racism has focused primarily on the rhetorical impact of humor. In this
Chapter, we shift the focus to the role of metaphor as a means of conceptualization. Drawing on ideas and tools from the
fields of critical discourse studies, conceptual metaphor theory and multimodal communication, we discuss how metaphorical
framing can correspondingly constitute a vehicle for liquid racism, by zooming in on Greek political cartoons on the refugee
‘crisis’ in the Mediterranean Sea. To wit, we argue that, in this setting, the use of visual metaphor to refer to migrants can
give rise to ambivalent evaluative imports that allow for racist undertones to enter the picture.
Epilogue
Authors: Lampropoulou Sofia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This epilogue brings together the studies of this volume by drawing attention to the ‘liquidity’ of liquid
racism and its operationalizations. Drawing upon two anecdotes from the UK migration context, it underscores the hazy
boundaries of racism and antiracism and the embeddedness of antiracism in racism. Finally, it reflects on researcher
positionality and the underpinning motivations of the authors that have contributed to this volume.
Enhancing mechanical performance of Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA films through graphene coating: insights from nanoindentation and dislocation mechanism analysis
Authors: Barman Subrata , Gupta Kritesh Kumar , Dey Sudip 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present study comprehensively elucidates the nanoindentation response of graphene-coated Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA), by investigating the underlying mechanism of dislocation nucleation and propagation on the atomic level. In this regard, a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nano-indentation is performed over various configurations of pristine and graphene coated Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA substrates. To begin with, the MD simulation-derived Young’s modulus (158.74 GPa) and hardness (13.75 GPa) of the Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA is validated against the existing literature to establish the credibility of the utilized simulation method. The post-indentation deformation mechanism of pristine Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA is further investigated by varying substrate size, indenter size, and indentation rate, and the materials behaviour is evaluated based on functional responses such as Young’s modulus, hardness, and dislocation density, etc. In the following stage, graphene coated Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA is nano-indented, resulting in much greater indentation forces compared to pure HEA substrates, indicating higher surface hardness (two-fold increase when compared to pristine HEA). The underlying deformation mechanism demonstrated that inducing graphene coating results in increased dislocation density and a more extensive, entangled dislocation network within the HEA substrate, which leads to strain-hardening. The combination of increased hardness, enhanced strain hardening, and prevention of pile-up effects suggests that Gr-coated HEA substrates have the potential to serve as surface-strengthening materials. The scientific contribution of this study involves extensively unveiling the deformation mechanism of graphene coated Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA substrate on the atomic scale, which will pave the way for a bottom-up approach to developing graphene coated engineered surfaces.
Enhancing mechanical properties of composite solid electrolyte by ultra-high molecular weight polymers
Authors: Deng Hongjie , He Fa , Liu Tongli , Ye Meng , Wan Fang , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Composite solid electrolytes combining the advantages of inorganic and polymer electrolytes are considered as one of the promising candidates for solid-state lithium metal batteries. Compared with ceramic-in-polymer electrolyte, polymer-in-ceramic electrolyte displays excellent mechanical strength to inhibit lithium dendrite. However, polymer-in-ceramic electrolyte faces the challenges of lack of flexibility and severely blocked Li+ transport. In this study, we prepared polymer-in-ceramic film utilizing ultra-high molecular weight polymers and ceramic particles to combine flexibility and mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the ionic conductivity of polymer-in-ceramic electrolytes was improved by adding excess lithium salt in polymer matrix to form polymer-in-salt structure. The obtained film shows high stiffness (10.5 MPa), acceptable ionic conductivity (0.18 mS cm−1) and high flexibility. As a result, the corresponding lithium symmetric cell stably cycles over 800 h and the corresponding LiFePO4 cell provides a discharge capacity of 147.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C without obvious capacity decay after 145 cycles.
Wet cleaning of Ta-based extreme ultraviolet photomasks at room temperature
Authors: Park Jehwan , Choi Woong , Kim Jihyun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Owing to the wavelength-dependent limits of the deep ultraviolet exposure process, the semiconductor industry introduced extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography operating at a 13.5 nm wavelength. Traditional photomasks employ pellicles for protection; however, EUV-specific pellicles are not widely applicable to commercial processes, requiring the development of a EUV photomask cleaning method. In this study, a wet cleaning method for Ta-based EUV photomasks at room temperature was systematically examined in terms of key parameters, including the pattern step height, surface topography, and particulate count, via atomic force microscopy and x-ray reflectivity. Post sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture (SPM) treatment, the photomask exhibited a stable step height, indicating minimal pattern degradation. Additionally, discernible alterations in the surface roughness and a decrease in particle count were observed, further indicating to the effectiveness of SPM-mediated cleaning. Conversely, following standard clean-1 (SC-1) treatment, while the pattern step height remained relatively unchanged, a notable increase in surface irregularities and macroscopic particulates was observed, suggesting a suboptimal cleaning efficiency of the SC-1 solution despite its potential for pattern structure preservation. Our room temperature wet cleaning method efficiently reduces wear-out and successfully eliminates contaminants, potentially prolonging the EUV photomask’s productivity and durability.
Automatic segmentation of hepatocellular carcinoma on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI based on deep learning
Authors: Luo Xiao , Li Peiwen , Chen Hongyi , Zhou Kun , Piao Sirong , Yang Liqin , Hu Bin , Geng Daoying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Precise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection is crucial for clinical management. While studies focus on computed tomography-based automatic algorithms, there is a rareness of research on automatic detection based on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging. This study is to develop an automatic detection and segmentation deep learning model for HCC using DCE. Approach: DCE images acquired from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively collected. Then, 382 patients (301 male; 81 female) with 466 lesions pathologically confirmed were included and divided into an 80% training-validation set and a 20% independent test set. For external validation, 51 patients (42 male; 9 female) in another hospital from 2018 to 2021 were included. The U-net architecture was modified to accommodate multi-phasic DCE input. The model was trained with the training-validation set using five-fold cross-validation, and furtherly evaluated with the independent test set using comprehensive metrics for segmentation and detection performance. The proposed automatic segmentation model consisted of five main steps: phase registration, automatic liver region extraction using a pre-trained model, automatic HCC lesion segmentation using the multi-phasic deep learning model, ensemble of five-fold predictions, and post-processing using connected component analysis to enhance the performance to refine predictions and eliminate false positives. Main results. The proposed model achieved a mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.81 ± 0.11, a sensitivity of 94.41 ± 15.50%, a precision of 94.19 ± 17.32%, and 0.14 ± 0.48 false positive lesions per patient in the independent test set. The model detected 88% (80/91) HCC lesions in the condition of DSC > 0.5, and the DSC per tumor was 0.80 ± 0.13. In the external set, the model detected 92% (58/62) lesions with 0.12 ± 0.33 false positives per patient, and the DSC per tumor was 0.75 ± 0.10. Significance. This study developed an automatic detection and segmentation deep learning model for HCC using DCE, which yielded promising post-processed results in accurately identifying and delineating HCC lesions.
Blood flow restriction pressure for narrow cuffs (5 cm) cannot be estimated with precision
Authors: Spitz Robert W , Yamada Yujiro , Wong Vickie , Kataoka Ryo , Hammert William B , Song Jun Seob , Kang Anna , Seffrin Aldo , Loenneke Jeremy P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Blood flow restriction pressures are set relative to the lowest pressure needed to occlude blood flow with that specific cuff. Due to pressure limitations of some devices, it is often not possible to occlude blood flow in all subjects and apply a known relative pressure in the lower body with a 5 cm wide cuff. Objective. To use a device capable of generating high pressures (up to 907 mmHg) to create and validate an estimation equation for the 5 cm cuff in the lower body using a 12 cm cuff. Approach. 170 participants had their arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) with a 5 cm and 12 cm cuff and their thigh circumference measured in their right leg. The sample was randomly allocated to a prediction group (66%) and validation group (33%). Thigh circumference and 12 cm AOP were used as predictors. A Bland–Altman plot was constructed to assess agreement between measured and predicted values. Main results. The mean difference (95% confidence interval) between the observed (336.8 mmHg) and the predicted (343.9 mmHg) 5 cm AOP was 7.1 (−11.9, 26.1) mmHg. The 95% limits of agreement were −133.6 to 147.8 mmHg. There was a negative relationship between the difference and the average of predicted and measured 5 cm AOP (B = −0.317, p = 0.000043). Significance. Although this was the first study to quantify AOP over 600 mmHg with a 5 cm cuff, our equation is not valid across all levels of pressure. If possible, larger cuff widths should be employed in the lower body.