bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After the COVID-19 pandemic: changes and continuities in the food supply chain
Authors: Yu Chenyang , Song Jinbo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
As the global COVID-19 pandemic stabilizes and control measures gradually improve, the food supply chain enters the post-pandemic era. The food supply chain is closely related to people’s daily life, and it is becoming increasingly important to grasp its development direction in the post-pandemic era. So the aim of this paper is to summarize the changes and continuity of the food supply chains in the post-pandemic era.

Materials and Methods
We used food reports published by most global authorities as the data source for this study and analyzed the development of production, logistics, and consumption of food supply chains from the two dimensions of post-pandemic and pre-pandemic.

Results
Our paper shows, on one hand, the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures allows food production workers to return to their jobs, facilitates smooth food logistics, and reduces uncertainty in the food supply chain, thereby providing a better environment for its development. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 plays an increasingly prominent role in the food supply chain.

Conclusions
The trends of digitalization and mechanization in food production, cold chain logistics, smart logistics, online shopping and health-conscious consumption that emerged during the pandemic will continue to persist and evolve in the post-pandemic era. We attempt to systematically analyze the development trend of the food supply chain in the post-pandemic era, point out the implications and approaches for future research, and provide theoretical references for researchers, practitioners, and consumers in the food field.
MLcps: machine learning cumulative performance score for classification problems
Authors: Akshay Akshay , Abedi Masoud , Shekarchizadeh Navid , Burkhard Fiona C , Katoch Mitali , Bigger-Allen Alex , Adam Rosalyn M , Monastyrskaya Katia , Gheinani Ali Hashemi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Assessing the performance of machine learning (ML) models requires careful consideration of the evaluation metrics used. It is often necessary to utilize multiple metrics to gain a comprehensive understanding of a trained model’s performance, as each metric focuses on a specific aspect. However, comparing the scores of these individual metrics for each model to determine the best-performing model can be time-consuming and susceptible to subjective user preferences, potentially introducing bias.

Results
We propose the Machine Learning Cumulative Performance Score (MLcps), a novel evaluation metric for classification problems. MLcps integrates several precomputed evaluation metrics into a unified score, enabling a comprehensive assessment of the trained model’s strengths and weaknesses. We tested MLcps on 4 publicly available datasets, and the results demonstrate that MLcps provides a holistic evaluation of the model’s robustness, ensuring a thorough understanding of its overall performance.

Conclusions
By utilizing MLcps, researchers and practitioners no longer need to individually examine and compare multiple metrics to identify the best-performing models. Instead, they can rely on a single MLcps value to assess the overall performance of their ML models. This streamlined evaluation process saves valuable time and effort, enhancing the efficiency of model evaluation. MLcps is available as a Python package at https://pypi.org/project/MLcps/.
Pudilan Keyanning mouthwash inhibits dextran-dependent aggregation and biofilm organization ofStreptococcus mutans
Authors: Ren Shirui , Cheng Yiting , Deng Yalan , Xia Mengying , Yang Yingming , Lei Lei , Hu Tao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThis research aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Pudilan mouthwash (PDL) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms and identify its chemical components.Methods and resultsThe impacts of 100% concentrated PDL on S. mutans biofilm were detected by colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR). The biocompatibility with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was evaluated by Cell-Counting-Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. And chemical components were identified by UPLC-HRMS. PBS and 0.12% chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Results indicate early 8-h S. mutans biofilms are sensitive to PDL. Additionally, it leads to a decrease in bacterial activities and dextran-dependent aggregation in 24-h S. mutans biofilms. PDL significantly downregulates the gene expression of gtfB/C/D and smc. And 114 components are identified.ConclusionsPDL has an inhibitory effect on S. mutans and favorable biocompatibility. It has potential to be exploited as a novel anti-biofilm agent.
Identification of Escherichia coli isolated from flies (Insecta: Diptera) that inhabit the environment of dairy farms harboring extraintestinal virulence markers
Authors: Motta Rodrigo G , Motta Lorrayne S A M , Bertolini Amanda B , Prado Aline M , Thyssen Patricia J , Hernandes Rodrigo T , Orsi Henrique , Rall Vera L M , Gouvea Fábio L R , Guerra Simony T , Guimarães Felipe F , Joaquim Sâmea F , Pantoja José C , Langoni Helio , Ribeiro Márcio G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
We investigate extraintestinal pathogenic genes (ExPEC) related to virulence of Escherichia coli in flies from the dairy environment.

Methods and Results
We collected 217 flies from nine dairy farms, which were submitted to microbiological culture. Fifty-one E. coli were identified using mass spectrometry. Eleven dipteran families were identified, with a predominance of Muscidae, and a minor frequency of Tachinidae, Drosophilidae, Sphaeroceridae, Ulidiidae, Syrphidae, Chloropidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Piophilidae. A panel of 16 virulence-encoding genes related to ExPEC infections were investigated, which revealed predominance of serum resistance (traT, 31/51 = 60.8%; ompT, 29/51 = 56.9%), iron uptake (irp2, 17/51 = 33.3%, iucD 11/51 = 21.6%), and adhesins (papC, 6/51 = 11.8%; papA, 5/51 = 9.8%).

Conclusions
Our findings reveal Dipterans from milking environment carrying ExPEC virulence-encoding genes also identified in clinical bovine E. coli-induced infections.
Hydroxamate siderophores secreted by plant endophytic Pseudomonas putida elicit defense against blast disease in rice incited by Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Ashajyothi Mushineni , Velmurugan Shanmugam , Kundu Aditi , Balamurugan Alexander , Chouhan Vinod , Kumar Aundy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Our study focuses on hydroxamate-type siderophores from Pseudomonas putida BP25, known for chelating ferric iron and aiding microbial growth in iron-deficient environments. Confirmed through CAS-agar and tetrazolium tests, a purified siderophore extract was obtained via ion-exchange chromatography. Applying varying concentrations of this siderophore to rice seedlings demonstrated concentration-dependent effects on shoot and root phenotypes. Prophylactic application on rice leaves significantly reduced blast severity (68.7%–97.0%), surpassing curative application (47.5%–86.87%). Additionally, the siderophore treatment elevated peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and total phenols in rice plants. Defense-related genes linked to salicylic acid (OsPR1.1, OsNPR1, and OsPDF2.2), and other pathways (Oshox24, OsCLE, and OsGLP3-3, OsEIN2.4, and OsCSE) promoting blast suppression showed upregulation. However, the OsACS6 gene associated with ethylene-induced internodal elongation was significantly downregulated. Overall, our findings propose that the siderophore from P. putida BP25 induces defense gene transcription, offering potential for sustainable rice production via bio-formulation.
MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) X. The cool gas and covering fraction of Mg ii in galaxy groups
Authors: Cherrey Maxime , Bouché Nicolas F , Zabl Johannes , Schroetter Ilane , Wendt Martin , Langan Ivanna , Richard Johan , Schaye Joop , Mercier Wilfried , Epinat Benoît , Contini Thierry 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the cool gas (≈104 K) traced by Mg ii absorptions around groups of galaxies in the MEGAFLOW (MusE GAs FLOw and Wind) survey. Using a combination of two algorithms, we blindly identify 32 groups of more than 5 galaxies at 0.3 &lt; z &lt; 1.5 with $10.7 \lt \log _{10}(M/\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }) \lt 13.7$. Among them 26 can be used to study potential counterpart Mg ii absorptions. We report that 21 out of the total 120 Mg  ii absorption systems present in MEGAFLOW are associated with groups. We observe that the Mg ii rest-frame equivalent width ($W_{\rm r}^{2796}$) drops at an impact parameter of ≈150 projected kpc from the closest galaxy and ≈ one virial radius from the identified group centre indicating that Mg ii haloes scale with the mass of the groups. The impact parameter where the covering fraction exceeds 50 per cent is $\log _{10}(b/\rm kpc) = 2.17 \pm 0.47$ (2σ) and (b/Rvir) = 1.67 ± 0.98, which is ≈3 times larger than for field galaxies ($\log _{10}(b/\rm kpc)=1.67\pm 0.15$). Finally, we estimate the cool gas column density profile in groups (from the $W_{\rm r}^{2796}$) and show that its shape follows closely the typical dark matter column density profile for haloes at similar redshift and masses.
Propagating photo-z uncertainties: a functional derivative approach
Authors: Reischke Robert 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Photometric redshifts are a key ingredient in the analysis and interpretation of large-scale structure (LSS) surveys. The accuracy and precision of these redshift estimates are directly linked to the constraining power of photometric surveys. It is hence necessary to define precision and accuracy requirements for the redshift calibration to not infer biased results in the final analysis. For weak gravitational lensing of the LSS, the photometry culminates in the estimation of the source-redshift distribution (SRD) in each of the tomographic bins used in the analysis. The focus has been on shifts of the mean of the SRDs and how well the calibration must be able to recover those. Since the estimated SRDs are usually given as a normalized histogram with corresponding errors, it would be advantageous to propagate these uncertainties accordingly to see whether the requirements of the given survey are indeed fulfilled. Here, we propose the use of functional derivatives to calculate the sensitivity of the final observables, for examples, the lensing angular power spectrum, with respect to the SRD at a specific redshift. This allows the propagation of arbitrarily shaped small perturbations to the SRD, without having to run the whole analysis pipeline for each realization again. We apply our method to a survey with Euclid-like specifications and demonstrate it with SRDs of the KV450 data set, recovering previous results. Lastly, we note that the moments of the SRD of order larger than two will probably not be relevant when propagating redshift uncertainties in cosmic shear analysis.
Quokka-based understanding of outflows (QED) – I. Metal loading, phase structure, and convergence testing for solar neighbourhood conditions
Authors: Vijayan Aditi , Krumholz Mark R , Wibking Benjamin D 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Multiphase galactic outflows, generated by supernova (SN) feedback, are likely to be more metal rich than the interstellar media from which they are driven due to incomplete mixing between SN ejecta and the ambient interstellar medium. This enrichment is important for shaping galactic metallicities and metallicity gradients, but measuring it quantitatively from simulations requires resolution high enough to resolve mass, momentum and energy exchanges between the different phases of the outflows. In this context, we present QED, which are simulations of outflows, driven by SN feedback, conducted using Quokka, a new GPU-optimized adaptive mesh refinement radiation-hydrodynamics code. This code allows us to reach combinations of resolution, simulation volume, and simulation duration larger than those that have previously been possible, and to resolve all gas phases from cold neutral medium, T ∼ 100 K, to hot ionized gas, T ≳ 107 K. In this, a first of a series of papers exploring generation and evolution of multiphase outflows from a wide range of galactic environments and star formation rates, we quantify the extent of selective metal loading in solar neighbourhood-like environments. We explain the selective metal loading, we find as a result of the transport of metals within and between phases, a phenomenon we can study owing to the parsec-scale resolution that our simulations achieve. We also quantify the sensitivity of metal loading studies to numerical resolution, and present convergence criteria for future studies.
Discovery of a magnetic double-faced DBA white dwarf
Authors: Moss Adam , Bergeron P , Kilic Mukremin , Jewett Gracyn , Brown Warren R , Kosakowski Alekzander , Vincent Olivier 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of spectroscopic variations in the magnetic DBA white dwarf SDSS J091016.43+210554.2. Follow-up time-resolved spectroscopy at the Apache Point Observatory (APO) and the MMT show significant variations in the H absorption lines over a rotation period of 7.7 or 11.3 h. Unlike recent targets that show similar discrepancies in their H and He line profiles, such as GD 323 and Janus (ZTF J203349.8+322901.1), SDSS J091016.43+210554.2 is confirmed to be magnetic, with a field strength derived from Zeeman-split H and He lines of B ≈ 0.5 MG. Model fits using a H and He atmosphere with a constant abundance ratio across the surface fail to match our time-resolved spectra. On the other hand, we obtain excellent fits using magnetic atmosphere models with varying H/He surface abundance ratios. We use the oblique rotator model to fit the system geometry. The observed spectroscopic variations can be explained by a magnetic inhomogeneous atmosphere where the magnetic axis is offset from the rotation axis by β = 52°, and the inclination angle between the line of sight and the rotation axis is i = 13–16°. This magnetic white dwarf offers a unique opportunity to study the effect of the magnetic field on surface abundances. We propose a model where H is brought to the surface from the deep interior more efficiently along the magnetic field lines, thus producing H polar caps.
State-of-the-art simulations of line-driven accretion disc winds: realistic radiation hydrodynamics leads to weaker outflows
Authors: Higginbottom Nick , Scepi Nicolas , Knigge Christian , Long Knox S , Matthews James H , Sim Stuart A 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Disc winds are a common feature in accreting astrophysical systems on all scales. In active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and accreting white dwarfs (AWDs), specifically, radiation pressure mediated by spectral lines is a promising mechanism for driving these outflows. Previous hydrodynamical simulations have largely supported this idea, but relied on highly approximate treatments of ionization and radiative transfer. Given the sensitivity of line driving to the ionization state and radiation field in the outflow, here, we present a new method for carrying out 2.5D radiation hydrodynamic simulations that takes full account of the frequency-dependent radiative transfer through the wind, the corresponding ionization state, and the resulting radiative accelerations. Applying our method to AWDs, we find that it is much harder to drive a powerful line-driven outflow when the interaction between matter and radiation is treated self-consistently. This conclusion is robust to changes in the adopted system parameters. The fundamental difficulty is that discs luminous enough to drive such a wind are also hot enough to overionize it. As a result, the mass-loss rates in our simulations are much lower than those found in earlier, more approximate calculations. We also show that the ultraviolet spectra produced by our simulations do not match those observed in AWDs. We conclude that, unless the overionization problem can be mitigated (e.g. by subgrid clumping or a softer-than-expected radiation field), line driving may not be a promising mechanism for powering the outflows from AWDs. These conclusions are likely to have significant implications for disc winds in AGN also.
The connection between mergers and AGN activity in simulated and observed massive galaxies
Authors: Sharma Ray S , Choi Ena , Somerville Rachel S , Snyder Gregory F , Jhee Hannah , Kocevski Dale D , Hirschmann Michaela , Moster Benjamin P , Naab Thorsten , Narayanan Desika , Ostriker Jeremiah P , Rosario David J 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We analyse a suite of 29 high-resolution zoom-in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of massive galaxies with stellar masses $M_{\rm star} \gt 10^{10.9} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, with the goal of better understanding merger activity among active galactic nuclei (AGN), AGN activity in merging systems, SMBH growth during mergers, and the role of gas content in triggering AGN. Using the radiative transfer code Powderday, we generate HST-WFC3 F160W mock observations of central galaxies at redshift 0.5 &lt; z &lt; 3; convolve each image with a CANDELS-like point spread function; stitch each image into a real CANDELS image; and identify mergers within the synthetic images using commonly adopted non-parametric statistics. We study the connection between mergers and AGN activity in both the simulations and synthetic images and find reasonable agreement with observations from CANDELS. We find that AGN activity is not primarily driven by major mergers (stellar mass ratio &gt; 1:4) except in a select few cases of gas-rich mergers at low redshifts (0.5 &lt; z &lt; 0.9). We also find that major mergers do not significantly grow the central SMBHs, indicating major mergers do not sustain long-term accretion. Moreover, the most luminous AGN in our simulations (Lbol &gt; 1045 erg s−1) are no more likely than inactive galaxies (Lbol &lt; 1043 erg s−1) to be found in merging systems. We conclude that mergers are not the primary drivers of AGN activity in the simulated massive galaxies studied here.
Global analysis of binding sites of U2AF1 and ZRSR2 reveals RNA elements required for mutually exclusive splicing by the U2- and U12-type spliceosome
Authors: Kwon Young-Soo , Jin Sang Woo , Song Hoseok 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recurring mutations in genes encoding 3′ splice-site recognition proteins, U2AF1 and ZRSR2 are associated with human cancers. Here, we determined binding sites of the proteins to reveal that U2-type and U12-type splice sites are recognized by U2AF1 and ZRSR2, respectively. However, some sites are spliced by both the U2-type and U12-type spliceosomes, indicating that well-conserved consensus motifs in some U12-type introns could be recognized by the U2-type spliceosome. Nucleotides flanking splice sites of U12-type introns are different from those flanking U2-type introns. Remarkably, the AG dinucleotide at the positions −1 and −2 of 5′ splice sites of U12-type introns with GT-AG termini is not present. AG next to 5′ splice site introduced by a single nucleotide substitution at the −2 position could convert a U12-type splice site to a U2-type site. The class switch of introns by a single mutation and the bias against G at the −1 position of U12-type 5′ splice site support the notion that the identities of nucleotides in exonic regions adjacent to splice sites are fine-tuned to avoid recognition by the U2-type spliceosome. These findings may shed light on the mechanism of selectivity in U12-type intron splicing and the mutations that affect splicing.
Identifying patterns of pain, depression, anxiety, interpersonal trauma exposure, and nonmedical prescription opioid use: Latent class analysis among patients with chronic pain
Authors: Short Nicole A , Patidar Seema , Margolies Skye , Goetzinger Amy , Chidgey Brooke , Austin Anna E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain in the context of certain factors may be associated with potential for nonmedical prescription opioid use; however, identifying this risk can be challenging and complex. Several variables alone have been associated with non-prescribed opioid use, including depression, anxiety, pain interference, and trauma exposure. Prior research has often failed to integrate these assessments together, which is important as these factors may cluster together in important and complex ways. The current study aimed to identify classes of patients with chronic pain who have differential risk for use of nonmedical prescription opioid use, depression and anxiety, and pain severity, interference, and catastrophizing, and interpersonal violence exposure.

Methods
Self-report and medical record data from patients (N = 211; Mage = 48, 69.0% women, 69.0% white) at a pain management center were collected.

Results
Latent class analysis revealed 3 classes with (1) low probability of clinically significant depression, anxiety, pain, and nonmedical prescription opioid use (44.7%), (2) high probability of clinically significant depression, anxiety, pain, pain catastrophizing, trauma, and nonmedical prescription opioid use (41.3%), and (3) high probability of severe pain and nonmedical prescription opioid use (14.0%).

Conclusions
High-risk classes had either high levels of depression and anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and interpersonal violence exposure, or pain severity and interference. Future research should continue to explore these classes in large, diverse samples, and prospective study designs. Finally, results underscore that opioid use is complex, not easily identified by a single factor, and may be motivated by complex unmet clinical needs.
Expectations for Policy Change and Participation
Authors: Bram Curtis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhat policy changes do people expect from elections, and how do these expectations influence the decision to vote? This paper seeks to understand the relationship between people’s expectations and their subsequent voting behavior by examining beliefs about what candidates would actually do if given political power. I start with a survey of political scientists and compare their forecasts about what presidential candidates will accomplish to those of the general population. Public respondents expected much more legislation to result from the 2020 election. This comparison suggests an underestimation by the public of the impediments that the separation of powers poses to passing legislation. The study further reveals that voters expected much more policy change than nonvoters did, with high expectations serving as a strong predictor of validated voter turnout. These results support explanations for the decision to vote that center on the policy benefits that people believe their preferred candidate will deliver.