bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Mathematics Textbooks and their Use in English, French and German Classrooms: Who gets an opportunity to learn what?
Authors: Haggarty Linda , Pepin Birgit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe article examines mathematics textbooks and their use in lower secondary classrooms in England, France and Germany. In particular, it looks at popular selling textbooks in each country and their treatment of ‘angle’, and examines teachers' mediation of those books based on observation and interview of a small sample of teachers in those countries. An analysis of the data suggests that learners in the different countries are offered different mathematics and given different opportunities to learn that mathematics, both of which are influenced by textbook and teacher. In addition, it identifies pupil access to textbooks in England as a cause for concern. It is argued that mathematics classroom cultures need to be understood in terms of a wider cultural and systemic context, in order for shared understandings, principles and meanings to be established.
The Learning Society? Researching the Rhetoric
Authors: Bowl Marion 
Published: August 2002

Book Reviewed in this article:Motivating Students for Lifelong Learning Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2000Adult Guidance Services and the Learning Society Will Bartlett, Teresa Rees & A. G. Watts, 2000Innovating in Higher Education Andrew Hannan & Harold Silver, 2000Skills Development in Higher Education and Employment Neville Bennett, Elizabeth Dunne & Clive Carre, 2000Realizing the University Ronald Barnett, 2000
Conditionally Amplifiable BACs: Switching From Single-Copy to High-Copy Vectors and Genomic Clones
Authors: Wild Jadwiga , Hradecna Zdenka , Szybalski Waclaw 
Published: September 2002

The widely used, very-low-copy BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) vectors are the mainstay of present genomic research. The principal advantage of BACs is the high stability of inserted clones, but an important disadvantage is the low yield of DNA, both for vectors alone and when carrying genomic inserts. We describe here a novel class of single-copy/high-copy (SC/HC) pBAC/oriV vectors that retain all the advantages of low-copy BAC vectors, but are endowed with a conditional and tightly controlled oriV/TrfA amplification system that allows: (1) a yield of ∼100 copies of the vector per host cell when conditionally induced with l-arabinose, and (2) analogous DNA amplification (only upon induction and with copy number depending on the insert size) of pBAC/oriV clones carrying >100-kb inserts. Amplifiable clones and libraries facilitate high-throughput DNA sequencing and other applications requiring HC plasmid DNA. To turn on DNA amplification, which is driven by the oriV origin of replication, we used copy-up mutations in the gene trfA whose expression was very tightly controlled by thearaC–ParaBAD promoter/regulator system. This system is inducible by l-arabinose, and could be further regulated by glucose and fucose. Amplification of DNA upon induction with l-arabinose and its modulation by glucose are robust and reliable. Furthermore, we discovered that addition of 0.2%d-glucose to the growth medium helped toward the objective of obtaining a real SC state for all BAC systems, thus enhancing the stability of their maintenance, which became equivalent to cloning into the host chromosome.[The following individuals kindly provided reagents, samples or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: F.R. Blattner D. Helinski, S. Valla, F. Schomburg, C. Small, R. Bogden, C. Gaskins, M.P. Mayer, D.C. Schwartz, and O. Azzam.]
Modulation of Amygdalar Activity by the Conscious Regulation of Negative Emotion
Authors: Schaefer Stacey M. , Jackson Daren C. , Davidson Richard J. , Aguirre Geoffrey K. , Kimberg Daniel Y. , Thompson-Schill Sharon L. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest the amygdala is important in the perception and production of negative emotion; however, the effects of emotion regulation on the amygdalar response to negative stimuli remain unknown. Using event-related fMRI, we tested the hypothesis that voluntary modulation of negative emotion is associated with changes in neural activity within the amygdala. Negative and neutral pictures were presented with instructions to either “maintain” the emotional response or “passively view” the picture without regulating the emotion. Each picture presentation was followed by a delay, after which subjects indicated how they currently felt via a response keypad. Consistent with previous reports, greater signal change was observed in the amygdala during the presentation of negative compared to neutral pictures. No significant effect of instruction was found during the picture presentation component of the trial. However, a prolonged increase in signal change was observed in the amygdala when subjects maintained the negative emotional response during the delay following negative picture offset. This increase in amygdalar signal due to the active maintenance of negative emotion was significantly correlated with subjects' self-reported dispositional levels of negative affect. These results suggest that consciously evoked cognitive mechanisms that alter the emotional response of the subject operate, at least in part, by altering the degree of neural activity within the amygdala.
Neural Basis of the Retrieval of People's Names: Evidence from Brain-Damaged Patients and fMRI
Authors: Tsukiura Takashi , Fujii Toshikatsu , Fukatsu Reiko , Otsuki Taisuke , Okuda Jiro , Umetsu Atsushi , Suzuki Kyoko , Tabuchi Michio , Yanagawa Isao , Nagasaka Tatsuo , Kawashima Ryuta , Fukuda Hiroshi , Takahashi Shoki , Yamadori Atsushi 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the neuroanatomical basis of the retrieval of people's names. Lesion data showed that patients with language-dominant temporal lobectomy had impairments in their ability to retrieve familiar and newly learned people's names, whereas patients with language-nondominant temporal lobectomy had difficulty retrieving newly learned people's names. Functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments revealed activations in the left temporal polar region during the retrieval of familiar and newly learned people's names, and in the right superior temporal and bilateral prefrontal cortices during the retrieval of newly learned information from face cues. These data provide new evidence that the left anterior temporal region is crucial for the retrieval of people's names irrespective of their familiarity and that the right superior temporal and bilateral prefrontal areas are crucial for the process of associating newly learned people's faces and names.
MARKETING THE TESTAMENTS: CANONGATE AND THEIR POCKET-SIZED BIBLES
Authors:   Sugirtharajah
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently the Edinburgh-based publishing firm Canongate has brought out the Bible in the form of single books in the King James Version. Each of these volumes is introduced by a writer not necessarily associated with the Christian tradition, thus inviting the readers to approach them as literary works in their own right. For long the Bible came with commentaries written by prominent religious scholars, but now it looks as if it needed an introduction by novelists, pop artists, scientists including and even by some who are outside the Christian tradition to make the once familiar texts now widely neglected in the West come alive again. The purpose of this essay is to look at the following: the positive potential of this Pocket Canon; the role of the interpreter's personal voice within the process of discovering meaning in a narrative; the marketing of the Bible and appropriation of religious themes by secular marketeers; the re-iconization of the Bible though the King James Version; the colonial parallels in the investment, promotion and dissemination of the Bible; and the challenge of personal-voice criticism to biblical studies. Put at its simplest, can this disparate group of essayists rescue the Bible, which is fast losing its grip and importance in the West, and discover fresh significance in it?
SPEAKING THROUGH AMBIGUITY: MINOR CHARACTERS IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL
Authors: Conway Colleen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article challenges the assumption that minor characters in the Fourth Gospel represent individual traits or varying degrees of belief in Jesus. It begins with an overview of the standard "representative" approach to Johannine characterization. This includes a brief survey of the history of interpretation of particular characters, revealing little agreement among readers as to what each character typifies. The study then moves to a discussion of the minor characters. The author does not presuppose a unified narrative with each character neatly fulfilling a narrative function. Instead, the analysis leans in the direction of deconstruction and its assumption of persistent textual indeterminacy. In this light, the study argues that nearly all of the minor characters appear unstable and shifting, particularly in relation to Jesus. Instead of assuming a position on a spectrum of negative to positive faith responses, the minor characters move individually up and down such a spectrum. The article concludes with an exploration of how the minor characters, as a group, challenge the polarized world of the Gospel.
MURDER IN KHAYBAR: SOME THOUGHTS ON THE ORIGINS OF THE QASĀMA PROCEDURE IN ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Peters Rudolph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe institution of qasāma has intrigued both Muslim jurists and western scholars. The first were puzzled by its violation of essential legal principles, the latter by its apparent pre-Islamic origins. Because of its archaic and irrational character, western scholars assume that the institution was not applied in practice: "[I]t does not appear that this institution functioned much, even in the past, when the penal law of Islam had a certain practical application." However, the evidence of fatwa collections shows that the qasāma was indeed enforced by courts as late as the nineteenth century, and the rules connected with it have now found their way into some modern Islamic criminal codes. The qasāma, it appears, was a living institution in Islamic law and not just theory. In this essay I will try to shed some light on the origins of this institution and its reception into Islamic law. I will attempt to chart the earliest developments of Islamic jurisprudence by analyzing the available hadith material and the statements of the first generation of jurists. In the conclusion I will suggest that my analysis of the material on qasāma corroborates Motzki's and Powers' revision of the chronology of the development of Islamic jurisprudence first put forward by Joseph Schacht in The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (1950).
EVIDENCE: FROM MEMORY TO ARCHIVE
Authors: Messick Brinkley 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is an analysis of an evidence doctrine in Islamic law, based on a close reading of a chapter in an authoritative Zaydī school manual in conjunction with nineteenth and twentieth-century commentaries. As I follow the presentation of the doctrinal issues by these Muslim jurists, I examine concepts and procedures surrounding the witnesses and their testimony, the related role of the judge, the distinctive institution of jarh wa-ta'dīl, and the special case of written evidence.
Intercultural Learning Arising from Pan‐European Collaboration: A community of practice with a ‘hole in the middle’
Authors: Somekh Bridget , Pearson Matthew 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the inter‐cultural learning that arose from engaging in collaborative research with partners in several European countries. It adopts a sociocultural approach, starting with a description of the pressures of accountability arising from the contractual context of a European‐funded project. Wenger's model of a community of practice and semiotic analysis based on Geertz's definition of culture are used as tools for understanding the social practices that developed in the course of working together. Three narrative vignettes provide ‘thick descriptions’ of the experience of ‘being there’ at project meetings. Each is followed by a passage of reflection and detailed discussion of an issue arising from practice: the first relating to the use of the English language as the project's working language, the second to the use of email as a main means of communication, and the third to differences in the interpretation of a key methodological concept. The inter‐cultural learning that resulted from engaging in this community of practice is then summarised and the paper ends with reflections upon the methodology adopted.
The Implications for Student Self‐esteem of Ordinary Differences in Schools: The cases of Malta and England
Authors: Chetcuti Deborah , Griffiths Morwenna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article explores self‐esteem and its relationship with achievement and difference. It is written as an ongoing narrative between the two authors, who through their autobiographical conversations try to come to terms with the effects of ordinary (i.e. unexceptional, non‐deviant) differences on self‐esteem. Through a critical analysis of their own experiences as students, teachers, researchers and academics, the authors try to explore how differences are discursively constructed and how they might be reconstructed. The article is in three parts. It starts with an analytic enquiry of the construction of individual self‐esteem. The authors argue that current orthodoxy about self‐esteem is oversimplified because it focuses on an individual's response to personal achievement and to face‐to‐face social relationships. It is argued that the story must be much more complex and include issues of social justice. The second part uses qualitative data from Malta and England and autobiographical data in order to explore the relationship between self‐esteem and the achievements and aspirations of students. The third and final part uses these results to construct a concept of ‘ordinary difference’ which celebrates individual and socio‐political differences rather than tries to standardise them.
Compliance, Resistance and Pragmatism: The (re)construction of schoolteacher identities in a period of intensive educational reform
Authors: Moore Alex , Edwards Gwyn , Halpin David , George Rosalyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDrawing on empirical research, this article explores the ways in which schoolteachers ‘reposition’ themselves in the face of rapid and extensive educational change, some of which they may view with ambivalence or hostility. Arguing that local responses to public policy are prompting teachers to become increasingly pragmatic in their philosophies and practice, the article identifies and illustrates two distinct forms of pragmatism: ‘principled pragmatism’, through which teachers who feel generally positive towards recent reforms feel able to strengthen and affirm their pedagogic identities by drawing eclectically on a range of educational practices and traditions; and ‘contingent pragmatism’, adopted by teachers in oppositional orientations to reform, whereby enforced reactions to policy change take on something of the function of a survival strategy. The article suggests that a consequence ‐ and possible cause ‐ of the adoption of self‐consciously pragmatic teacher identities is the effective depoliticisation of teachers through an internalisation of current dominant discourses of compromise.
Hypnosis Modulates Activity in Brain Structures Involved in the Regulation of Consciousness
Authors: Rainville Pierre , Hofbauer Robert K. , Bushnell M. Catherine , Duncan Gary H. , Price Donald D. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
The notion of consciousness is at the core of an ongoing debate on the existence and nature of hypnotic states. Previously, we have described changes in brain activity associated with hypnosis (Rainville, Hofbauer, Paus, Duncan, Bushnell, & Price, 1999). Here, we replicate and extend those findings using positron emission tomography (PET) in 10 normal volunteers. Immediately after each of 8 PET scans performed before (4 scans) and after (4 scans) the induction of hypnosis, subjects rated their perceived level of “mental relaxation” and “mental absorption,” two of the key dimensions describing the experience of being hypnotized. Regression analyses between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and self-ratings confirm the hypothesized involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the thalamus, and the ponto-mesencephalic brainstem in the production of hypnotic states. Hypnotic relaxation further involved an increase in occipital rCBF that is consistent with our previous interpretation that hypnotic states are characterized by a decrease in cortical arousal and a reduction in cross-modality suppression (disinhibition). In contrast, increases in mental absorption during hypnosis were associated with rCBF increases in a distributed network of cortical and subcortical structures previously described as the brain's attentional system. These findings are discussed in support of a state theory of hypnosis in which the basic changes in phenomenal experience produced by hypnotic induction reflect, at least in part, the modulation of activity within brain areas critically involved in the regulation of consciousness.
VIEWING THE BIBLE THROUGH THE EYES AND EARS OF SUBALTERNS IN INDIA
Authors: Clarke Sathianathan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper sets out to do four things. First, it situates the concept of Subalterns in the Indian context. Caste plays an important part in its definition. Subalterns are the outcaste (Dalits) and non-caste (Adivasis) communities in the process of contracting a labouring people's solidarity. Second, it submits a methodological argument. In dialogue with postcolonial discourse on biblical interpretation, it makes the case that subalternity is characterized by the primary interplay of domestic, local and particular mechanisms of power. Thus, this location must be the starting point for interrogating the Bible from the Subalterns' viewpoint. Third, it examines the complex pattern of changes that the Bible brought about for Subalterns. Three aspects are accentuated while discussing the Bible in relation to Subalterns in India: the Bible entered into a Subaltern world that already had a long history of iconizing material objects of sacred power; the Bible was an important instrument for expounding and expanding colonial mission activity; the Bible functioned as an alternate canon within the worldview of Hinduism, which kept its sacred book (Vedas) beyond the reach of Dalits and Adivasis. Finally, it extrapolates three aspects of Subaltern biblical hermeneutics in India. There is an attribute of generosity employed in retrieving universal axioms from the Bible, which is not devoid of imaginative contextual amplification in its application to human life. Moreover, Subalterns' interpretation of the Bible is directed by the goal of transformation rather than understanding. Furthermore, the summons of Subalterns' hermeneutics is not only to take up the challenge of working within the multiscriptural context but also to take seriously the ramifications of doing hermeneutics in the multimodal and multimedia context of the Dalits and the Adivasis of India.
NEGOTIATING THE FRAME FOR VIEWING THE DEATH OF JEZEBEL
Authors: McKinlay Judith 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe details of the death of Jezebel as told in 2 Kgs 9: 30-37 stay in the mind long after the account has been read. In this reading I apply different interpretive frames in an attempt to understand the dynamics both within and behind the text, recognizing that Jezebel and the writer(s) can be seen in different lights depending on the viewing. A reading that highlights the "woman in the window" motif hints at a goddess dimension within the Jezebel frame, which resists the text's attempted erasure. An overlying psychoanalytical frame allows the text to be read as one of many textual grapplings with the M(Other) lingering within the body. The possibility of such an innate resistance provides an answer to the question whether such careful viewing of such a text matters.
Press Reports of Animal Hoarding
Authors: Luke Carter , Patronek Gary , Arluke Arnold , Nathanson Jane , Messner Edward , Steketee Gail , Frost Randy , Papazian Michelle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article explores how the press reports nonhuman animal hoarding and hoarders. It discusses how 100 articles from 1995 to the present were content analyzed. Analysis revealed five emotional themes that include drama, revulsion, sympathy, indignation, and humor. While these themes draw readers' attention and make disparate facts behind cases understandable by packaging them in familiar formats, they also present an inconsistent picture of animal hoarding that can confuse readers about the nature and significance of this behavior as well as animal abuse, more generally.
The Social Practice of Racehorse Breeding
Authors: Cassidy Rebecca 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper suggests that the stories that thoroughbred breeders tell about racehorse reproduction can contribute to an understanding of their ideas about relatedness between humans. It examines the thoroughbred pedigree as it is presented in the English sales catalogue as a locus of complex ideas about heredity, fertility, and procreation. It argues that resistance within the industry to new reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, can be understood in terms of ideas about relatedness between horses and, by implication, between people.This paper is based upon extensive participant observation conducted within the horseracing industry based in the town of Newmarket, England.
The Animal Activism of Henry Spira (1927-1998)
Authors: Munro Lyle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper profiles the animal activism of the late American animal activist Henry Spira, whose campaign strategies and tactics suggest a number of links with the nineteenth century pioneers of animal protection as well as with approaches favored by contemporary animal activists. However, the article argues that Spira's style of animal advocacy differed from conventional approaches in the mainstream animal movement in that he preferred to work with, rather than against, animal user industries. To this end, he pioneered the use of "reintegrative shaming" (J. Braithwaite, 1989) in animal protection, an accommodation strategy that relied on moralizing with opponents as opposed to the more common approach in animal advocacy of adversarial vilification, and hence, disintegrative shaming. The article describes the framing of some of Spira's best-known anti-cruelty campaigns and his use of reintegrative shaming to induce animal users to change their ways.
Animal Rights as a Post-Citizenship Movement
Authors: Ginsberg Caryn , Lowe Brian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPost-citizenship movements include persons who are well integrated into the economic and educational structures of their society, advocate goals that offer little or no benefit to movement members, and pursue cultural changes in addition to more traditional social movement goals (Jasper, 1997). This survey of 105 attendees at the Animal Rights 2000 conference, described by organizers as the largest event of its kind, supported viewing the animal rights movement as a post-citizenship movement. While confirming the high level of economic and education integration, as well as the moral motivation of participants, this study also showed a threefold increase in veganism over an earlier survey (Plous, 1991), supporting the importance of Jasper's cultural dimension of the post-citizenship model.