bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose rationale for gabapentin and tramadol in pediatric patients with chronic pain
Authors: Healy Paul , Verrest Luka , Felisi Mariagrazia , Ceci Adriana , Della Pasqua Oscar ,   GAPP Consortium
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite off‐label use, the efficacy and safety of gabapentin and tramadol in pediatric patients (3 months to <18 years old) diagnosed with chronic pain has not been characterized. However, generating evidence based on randomized clinical trials in this population has been extremely challenging. The current investigation illustrates the use of clinical trial simulations (CTSs) as a tool for optimizing doses and protocol design for a prospective investigation in pediatric patients with chronic pain. Pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and CTSs were used to describe the PKs of gabapentin and tramadol in the target population. In the absence of biomarkers of analgesia, systemic exposure (AUC, Css) was used to guide dose selection under the assumption of a comparable exposure‐response (PKPD) relationship for either compound between adults and children. Two weight bands were identified for gabapentin, with doses titrated from 5 to 63 mg/kg. This yields gabapentin exposures (AUC0–8) of approximately 35 mg/L*h (1200 mg/day adult dose equivalent). For tramadol, median steady state concentrations between 200 and 300 ng/mL were achieved after doses of 2–5 mg/kg, but concentrations showed high interindividual variability. Simulation scenarios showed that titration steps are required to explore therapeutically relevant dose ranges taking into account the safety profile of both drugs. Gabapentin can be used t.i.d. at doses between 7–63 and 5–45 mg/kg for patients receiving gabapentin weighing <15 and ≥15 kg, respectively, whereas a t.i.d. regimen with doses between 1 and 5 mg/kg can be used for tramadol in patients who are not fast metabolisers.
CYP4CS5‐mediated thiamethoxam and clothianidin resistance is accompanied by fitness cost in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Fu Buli , Liang Jinjin , Zhang Rong , Wei Xuegao , Yang Jing , Tan Qimei , Xue Hu , Gong Peipan , Liu Shaonan , Huang Mingjiao , Du Tianhua , Yin Cheng , He Chao , Ji Yao , Wang Chao , Zhang Chengjia , Du He , Su Qi , Yang Xin , Zhang Youjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the trade‐offs between insecticide resistance and the associated fitness is of particular importance to sustainable pest control. One of the most devastating pest worldwide, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, has developed resistance to various insecticides, especially the neonicotinoid group. Although neonicotinoid resistance often is conferred by P450s‐mediated metabolic resistance, the relationship between such resistance and the associated fitness phenotype remains largely elusive. By gene cloning, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)‐PCR, RNA interference (RNAi), transgenic Drosophila melanogaster, metabolism capacity in vitro and ‘two sex‐age stage’ life table study, this study aims to explore the molecular role of a P450 gene CYP4CS5 in neonicotinoid resistance and to investigate whether such resistance mechanism carries fitness costs in the whitefly.RESULTSOur bioassay tests showed that a total of 13 field‐collected populations of B. tabaci MED biotype displayed low‐to‐moderate resistance to thiamethoxam and clothianidin. Compared to the laboratory susceptible strain, we then found that an important P450 CYP4CS5 was remarkably upregulated in the field resistant populations. Such overexpression of CYP4CS5 had a good match with the resistance level among the whitefly samples. Further exposure to the two neonicotinoids resulted in an increase in CYP4CS5 expression. These results implicate that overexpression of CYP4CS5 is closely correlated with thiamethoxam and clothianidin resistance. RNAi knockdown of CYP4CS5 increased mortality of the resistant and susceptible populations after treatment with thiamethoxam and clothianidin in bioassay, but obtained an opposite result when using a transgenic line of D. melanogaster expressing CYP4CS5. Metabolic assays in vitro revealed that CYP4CS5 exhibited certain capacity of metabolizing thiamethoxam and clothianidin. These in vivo and in vitro assays indicate an essential role of CYP4CS5 in conferring thiamethoxam and clothianidin resistance in whitefly. Additionally, our life‐table analysis demonstrate that the field resistant whitefly exhibited a prolonged development time, shortened longevity and reduced fecundity compared to the susceptible, suggesting an existing fitness cost as a result of the resistance.CONCLUSIONCollectively, in addition to the important role of CYP4CS5 in conferring thiamethoxam and clothianidin resistance, this resistance mechanism is associated with fitness costs in the whitefly. These findings not only contribute to the development of neonicotinoids resistance management strategies, but also provide a new target for sustainable whitefly control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Capturing urban diversity through languages: Long‐term changes in multilingual residential neighbourhoods in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area
Authors: Väisänen Tuomas , Järv Olle , Toivonen Tuuli , Hiippala Tuomo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContemporary cities are becoming highly diverse on an unprecedented scale due to accelerating urbanization, international migration and mobility. Research on urban diversity commonly focuses on ethnicities and countries of origin, disregarding equally informative characteristics, such as information on languages and language use, which might reveal new aspects of urban diversity. In this paper, we analyse the development of urban diversity in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area between 1987 and 2019 using language information retrieved from the Finnish population register and examine the extent to which linguistic diversity captures urban diversity. We focus on two population groups, speakers of Estonian and Somali, to analyse how linguistic diversity and socioeconomic characteristics have changed in their residential neighbourhoods and to estimate to what extent these population groups have integrated into the host society. We measured linguistic diversity using Shannon entropy, performed spatial clustering analyses and used Markov chains to examine the likelihood of changes in linguistic diversity. We found clear spatial patterns and high spatial variability in the development of linguistic diversity, which shows that geographical space is a central component in linguistic diversity. Our results suggest that linguistic diversity is more likely to change in more segregated neighbourhoods and show that linguistic diversity is a suitable proxy for urban diversity. Understanding urban diversity is a key element for supporting social sustainability and cohesion in urban areas now and in the future. Mapping the spatio‐temporal and intersectional patterns of urban diversity is crucial for managing its negative effects, but more importantly, in leveraging its positive effects.
Effect of curcumin on painful symptoms of endometriosis: A triple‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gudarzi Reyhaneh , Shabani Fatemeh , Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi Sakineh , Naghshineh Elham , Shaseb Elnaz , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEndometriosis is one of the most common gynecological disorders. This study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin on painful symptoms of endometriosis and the quality of life in affected women. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 68 women with endometriosis referred to Shahid Beheshti Infertility Center in Isfahan, Iran, 2022. The participants were allocated to intervention (n = 34) and control (n = 34) groups by the blocked randomization method. Curcumin capsules with a dose of 500 mg were given to the intervention group twice a day for 8 weeks, and the placebo with the same dose was given to the control group. The questionnaires of Endometriosis Health Profile, painful symptoms of endometriosis, and visual analogue scale were used to collect data. Independent t, ANCOVA, and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to compare the outcomes between the study groups. After the intervention, based on the ANCOVA with the adjusting of the baseline values and Mann–Whitney U‐test, there was no statistically significant difference in the amounts of usual pain (p = 0.496) and pain at its worst (p = 0.320), quality of life (p = 0.556), and visual pain (p = 0.845). The results showed that using curcumin does not affect the painful symptoms and quality of life of women with endometriosis. Future clinical trials are needed to investigate and highlight the role of curcumin in endometriosis.
Linear constraints for ensuring k‐hop connectivity using mixed‐integer programming for multi‐agent systems
Authors: Afonso Rubens J. M. , Galvão Roberto K. H. , Souza Gabriel A. , Maximo Marcos R. O. A. , Caregnato‐Neto Angelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis note concerns the problem of ‐hop connectivity in a network of mobile agents, which is achieved if any pair of agents can communicate with each other through a link of or fewer intermediate nodes. We propose linear constraints involving binary optimization variables to ensure ‐hop connectivity. Such constraints are then integrated into a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) trajectory planning model. Simulation results illustrate the application of the proposed method and the effect of varying in the context of a mission involving the visitation of multiple targets.
Event‐triggered stabilization of linear systems under quantization and denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ling Qiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the stabilization of linear systems under event‐triggered sampling, where the feedback signals are transmitted through a band‐limited network suffering from denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. We aim to reduce the average bit rate for stabilization while preserving the system's resilience against DoS. First, we consider the simpler case without transmission delay and present an event‐triggered control strategy to stabilize the concerned system by transmitting a finite number of bits. The average bit rate in a long time is zero in that case. Then we consider the joint effects of transmission delay and DoS attacks, and develop a variable bit rate quantization strategy and a periodic event‐triggering strategy. The proposed strategies can reduce the average bit rate compared with time‐triggered sampling methods. A numerical example is taken to verify the effectiveness of the proposed quantization and event‐triggering strategies.
A Systematic Review of the Frequency of Features of the Seven-Point Checklist in Proven Cutaneous Melanoma: The Importance of Change
Authors: Congdon Nicola M. , Davis Christina M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Pigmented skin lesions in human adults can present with several different visible features that may indicate signs of malignancy, particularly melanoma. Patient and clinician awareness of these features can aid the early recognition and melanoma diagnosis improving patient outcomes. The seven-point checklist (7PCL) is a clinical prediction rule advocated by the National Institute for Health Care Excellence to aid the assessment of pigmented skin lesions in primary care to indicate referral for specialist opinion.

Objectives
Assess the current evidence to establish which features of the 7PC present more frequently, so public education and clinician assessment can be focused to maximise early diagnosis and minimise referrals of benign lesions.

Methods
A systematic review of published evidence identified studies that assessed the seven features of the 7PCL in histologically proven melanomas. Two independent reviewers screened eligible studies and independently extracted data and assessed quality.

Results
112 studies were screened, 20 were assessed in full, seven met the inclusion criteria. 1184 histologically diagnosed melanomas were assessed using the 7PCL. Four studies involved patients assessing 335 melanomas, and three involved clinicians who assessed 849 melanomas. The most common feature identified was a change in size of the lesion, and the least common was inflammation.

Conclusions
The most frequently occurring features of melanoma involve shape, size and colour, however focussing on changes in features, rather than irregularity, is more likely to identify early melanoma and increase the accuracy of referrals.
Facile Synthesis of Citric Acid Functionalized Fe3O4@Activated Carbon Magnetic Nanocomposite for Efficient Adsorption of Brilliant Green Dye from Wastewater
Authors: Singh Shivangini , Mandal Manas , Mishra Trilochan , Angayarkanni Anbumozhi , Veldurthi Naveen Kumar , Pati Sudhanshu S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOwing to the impact of brilliant green dye on potable water contamination, citric acid functionalized magnetic nanocomposite in presence of activated carbon was prepared for easy, quick, and efficient removal of the dye from water. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to maximize the adsorption efficiency by optimizing contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, dosage, and salt concentration. The maximum efficiency of the citric acid functionalized Fe3O4@activated carbon was found to be 773 mg g−1. The efficiency of the monolayer adsorption process as depicted from the Langmuir model is explained based on the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and porosity of the adsorbent. The adsorption process follows a pseudo‐second order kinetics model which can also be correlated to the relatively quick adsorption process. The saturation magnetization of the nanocomposites prepared in presence of activated carbon was found to be 35.2 emu/g, which makes it effective for quick magnetic separation. Built on the findings, we report an economical, efficient, and satisfactory alternative adsorbent for the abatement of brilliant green dye from coloured wastewater and contaminated water sources.
Performance and Solution Structures of Side‐Chain‐Bridged Oligo (Ethylene Glycol) Polymer Photocatalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution under Natural Light Illumination
Authors: Huang Tse‐Fu , Liu Jia‐Jen , Lai Ze‐Yu , Chang Je‐Wei , Zhuang Ying‐Rang , Jiang Zi‐Cheng , Chang Chih‐Li , Lin Wei‐Cheng , Chen Yan‐Heng , Wu Yi‐Hsiang , Sun Yu‐En , Luo Ting‐An , Chen Yi‐Kuan , Yen Jui‐Chen , Hsu Hung‐Kai , Chen Bo‐Han , Ting Li‐Yu , Lu Chia‐Yeh , Lin Yu‐Tung , Hsu Ling‐Yu , Wu Tien‐Lin , Yang Shang‐Da , Su An‐Chung , Jeng U‐Ser , Chou Ho‐Hsiu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConverting solar energy into hydrogen energy using conjugated polymers (CP) is a promising solution to the energy crisis. Improving water solubility plays one of the critical factors in enhancing the hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of CP photocatalysts. In this study, a novel concept of incorporating hydrophilic side chains to connect the backbones of CPs to improve their HER is proposed. This concept is realized through the polymerization of carbazole units bridged with octane, ethylene glycol, and penta‐(ethylene glycol) to form three new side‐chain‐braided (SCB) CPs: PCz2S‐OCt, PCz2S‐EG, and PCz2S‐PEG. Verified through transient absorption spectra, the enhanced capability of PCz2S‐PEG for ultrafast electron transfer and reduced recombination effects has been demonstrated. Small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) analyses reveal that these three SCB‐CPs form cross‐linking networks with different mass fractal dimensions (f) in aqueous solution. With the lowest f value of 2.64 and improved water/polymer interfaces, PCz2S‐PEG demonstrates the best HER, reaching up to 126.9 µmol h−1 in pure water‐based photocatalytic solution. Moreover, PCz2S‐PEG exhibits comparable performance in seawater‐based photocatalytic solution under natural sunlight. In situ SAXS analysis further reveals nucleation‐dominated generation of hydrogen nanoclusters with a size of ≈1.5 nm in the HER of PCz2S‐PEG under light illumination.
One‐Stop Plasmonic Nanocube‐Excited SERS Immunoassay Platform of Multiple Cardiac Biomarkers for Rapid Screening and Progressive Tracing of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lee Hyerin , Kim Wansun , Song Min‐Young , Kim Dong‐Ho , Jung Ho Sang , Kim Weon , Choi Samjin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRapid and precise acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis is essential for preventing patient death. In addition, the complementary roles of creatine kinase muscle brain (CK‐MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) cardiac biomarkers in the early and late stages of AMI demand their simultaneous detection, which is difficult to implement using conventional fluorescence and electrochemical technologies. Here, a nanotechnology‐based one‐stop immuno‐surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection platform is reported for multiple cardiac indicators for the rapid screening and progressive tracing of AMI events. Optimal SERS is achieved using optical property‐based, excitation wavelength‐optimized, and high‐yield anisotropic plasmonic gold nanocubes. Optimal immunoassay reaction efficiencies are achieved by increasing immobilized antibodies. Multiple simultaneous detection strategies are implemented by incorporating two different Raman reports with narrow wavenumbers corresponding to two indicators and by establishing a computational SERS mapping process to accurately detect their concentrations, irrespective of multiple enzymes in the human serum. The SERS platform precisely estimated AMI onset and progressive timing in human serum and made rapid AMI identification feasible using a portable Raman spectrometer. This integrated platform is hypothesized to significantly contribute to emergency medicine and forensic science by providing timely treatment and observation.
Site‐Specific Emulation of Neuronal Synaptic Behavior in Au Nanoparticle‐Decorated Self‐Organized TiOx Surface
Authors: Hasina Dilruba , Saini Mahesh , Kumar Mohit , Mandal Aparajita , Basu Nilanjan , Maiti Paramita , Srivastava Sanjeev Kumar , Som Tapobrata 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic computing is a potential approach for imitating massive parallel processing capabilities of a bio‐synapse. To date, memristors have emerged as the most appropriate device for designing artificial synapses for this purpose due to their excellent analog switching capacities with high endurance and retention. However, to build an operational neuromorphic platform capable of processing high‐density information, memristive synapses with nanoscale footprint are important, albeit with device size scaled down, retaining analog plasticity and low power requirement often become a challenge. This paper demonstrates site‐selective self‐assembly of Au nanoparticles on a patterned TiOx layer formed as a result of ion‐induced self‐organization, resulting in site‐specific resistive switching and emulation of bio‐synaptic behavior (e.g., potentiation, depression, spike rate‐dependent and spike timing‐dependent plasticity, paired pulse facilitation, and post tetanic potentiation) at nanoscale. The use of local probe‐based methods enables nanoscale probing on the anisotropic films. With the help of various microscopic and spectroscopic analytical tools, the observed results are attributed to defect migration and self‐assembly of implanted Au atoms on self‐organized TiOx surfaces. By leveraging the site‐selective evolution of gold‐nanostructures, the functionalized TiOx surface holds significant potential in a multitude of fields for developing cutting‐edge neuromorphic computing platforms and Au‐based biosensors with high‐density integration.
Sex Influences the Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cardiac Nanomedicine Technologies
Authors: Lin Zijin , Jiwani Zahra , Serpooshan Vahid , Aghaverdi Haniyeh , Yang Phillip. C , Aguirre Aitor , Wu Joseph. C. , Mahmoudi Morteza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanomedicine technologies are being developed for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Before delving into the nuances of cardiac nanomedicine, it is essential to comprehend the fundamental sex‐specific differences in cardiovascular health. Traditionally, CVDs have been more prevalent in males, but it is increasingly evident that females also face significant risks, albeit with distinct characteristics. Females tend to develop CVDs at a later age, exhibit different clinical symptoms, and often experience worse outcomes compared to males. These differences indicate the need for sex‐specific approaches in cardiac nanomedicine. This Perspective discusses the importance of considering sex in the safety and therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicine approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CVD.
Programmable Compartment Networks by Unraveling the Stress‐Dependent Deformation of Polymer Vesicles
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Shaohua , Kleuskens Sandra , Portale Giuseppe , Engelkamp Hans , Christianen Peter C. M. , Wilson Daniela A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanocontainers that can sense and respond to environmental stimuli like cells are desirable for next‐generation delivery systems. However, it is still a grand challenge for synthetic nanocontainers to mimic or even surpass the shape adaption of cells, which may produce novel compartments for cargo loading. Here, this work reports the engineering of compartment network with a single polymer vesicle by unraveling osmotic stress‐dependent deformation. Specifically, by manipulating the way in exerting the stress, sudden increase or gradual increase, polymer vesicles can either undergo deflation into the stomatocyte, a bowl‐shaped vesicle enclosing a new compartment, or tubulation into the tubule of varied length. Such stress‐dependent deformation inspired us to program the shape transformation of polymer vesicles, including tubulation, deflation, or first tubulation and then deflation. The coupled deformation successfully transforms the polymer vesicle into the stomatocyte with tubular arms and a network of two or three small stomatocytes connected by tubules. To the author’s knowledge, these morphologies are still not accessed by synthetic nanocontainers. This work envisions that the network of stomatocytes may enable the loading of different catalysts to construct novel motile systems, and the well‐defined morphology of vesicles helps to define the effect of morphology on cellar uptake.
Targeting Nanoplatform for Atherosclerosis Inhibition and Degradation via a Dual‐Track Reverse Cholesterol Transport Strategy
Authors: Chen Zhezhe , Zhu Qiongjun , Li Duanbin , Lv Qingbo , Fu Guosheng , Ma Boxuan , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs a main cause of serious cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis is characterized by deposited lipid and cholesterol crystals (CCs), which is considered as a great challenge to the current treatments. In this study, a dual‐track reverse cholesterol transport strategy is used to overcome the cumulative CCs in the atherosclerotic lesions via a targeting nanoplatform named as LPLCH. Endowed with the active targeting ability to the plaques, the nanoparticles can be efficiently internalized and achieve a pH‐triggered charge conversion for the escape from lysosomes. During this procedure, the liver X receptor (LXR) agonists loaded in nanoparticles are replaced by the deposited lysosomal CCs, leading to a LXR mediated up‐regulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporte ABCA1/G1 with the local CCs carrying at the same time. Thus, the cumulative CCs are removed in a dual‐track way of ABCA1/G1 mediated efflux and nanoparticle‐based carrying. The in vivo investigations indicate that LPLCH exhibits a favorable inhibition on the plaque progression and a further reversal of formed lesions when under a healthy diet. And the RNA‐sequencing suggests that the cholesterol transport also synergistically activates the anti‐inflammation effect. The dual‐track reverse cholesterol transport strategy performed by LPLCH delivers an exciting candidate for the effective inhibition and degradation of atherosclerosis.