bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Functional Team Processes and Patient Functional Improvement
Authors: Alexander Jeffrey A. , Lichtenstein Richard , Jinnett Kimberly , Wells Rebecca , Zazzali James , Liu Dawei 
Published: September 2005

Objective. To test the hypothesis that higher levels of participation and functioning in cross‐functional psychiatric treatment teams will be related to improved patient outcomes.Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data were collected during the period 1992–1999. The study was conducted in 40 teams within units treating seriously mentally ill patients in 16 Veterans Affairs hospitals across the U.S.Study Design. A longitudinal, multilevel analysis assessed the relationship between individual‐ and team‐level variables and patients' ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) over time. Team data were collected in 1992, 1994, and 1995. The number of times patient data were collected was dependent on the length of time the patient was treated and varied from 1 to 14 between 1992 and 1999. Key variables included: patients' ADL scores (the dependent variable); measures of team participation and team functioning; the number of days from baseline on which a patient's ADLs were assessed; and several control variables.Data Collection Methods. Team data were obtained via self‐administered questionnaires distributed to staff on the study teams. Additional team data were obtained via questionnaires completed by unit directors contemporaneously with the staff survey. Patient data were collected by trained clinicians at regular intervals using a standard assessment instrument.Principal Findings. Results indicated that patients treated in teams with higher levels of staff participation experienced greater improvement in ADL over time. No differences in ADL change were noted for patients treated in teams with higher levels of team functioning.Conclusions. Findings support our premise that team process has important implications for patient outcomes. The results suggest that the level of participation by the team as a whole may be a more important process attribute, in terms of patient improvements in ADLs, than the team's smooth functioning. These findings indicate the potential appropriateness of managerial interventions to encourage member investment in team processes.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is not essential for the development of fibrosis and portal hypertension in bile duct ligated mice
Authors: Koshy Abraham , De Gottardi Andrea , Ledermann Monika , Saegesser Hans , Shaw Sidney G. , Zimmermann Arthur , Reichen Jürg 
Published: September 2005

Abstract: Background/Aims: It is postulated that nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for the hyperdynamic circulation of portal hypertension. Therefore, we investigated induction of fibrosis and hyperdynamic circulation in endothelial NO synthase knock‐out (KO) mice.Methods: Fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation. Hemodynamic studies were performed after portal vein ligation. All studies were performed in wild‐type (WT) and KO mice.Results: Three to 4 weeks after bile duct ligation (BDL), both WT and KO groups had similar degrees of portal hypertension, 12 (9–14) and 11(8–15) mmHg, median (range), and liver function. Fibrosis increased from 0.0% in sham operated to 1.0 and 1.1% in WT and KO mice, respectively. Cardiac output was similar after portal vein ligation (20 and 17 ml/min in WT and KO mice, respectively). There was no difference in liver of mRNA for endothelin 1, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and hem‐oxygenase 1 (HO1); proteins of iNOS, HO1 and HO2; nor in endothelin A and B (EtA and EtB) receptor density between WT and KO mice after BDL.Conclusions: These results suggest that endothelial NO synthase is neither essential for the development of fibrosis and portal hypertension in bile duct ligated mice, nor for the hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension in the portal vein ligated mice.
Choosing the location for non‐image guided abdominal paracentesis
Authors: Sakai Hideki , Sheer Todd A. , Mendler Michel H. , Runyon Bruce A. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract: Objectives: The optimal location for paracentesis has not been studied scientifically. The evolving obesity epidemic has changed the physique of many patients with cirrhosis and ascites such that needles inserted into the abdominal wall may not reach fluid. We aimed to determine the location for paracentesis that would have the thinnest abdominal wall and the deepest amount of fluid.Methods: Ultrasound measurements of abdominal wall thickness and depth of ascites were recorded in two locations, the infraumbilical midline (ML) and the left lower quadrant (LLQ), in 52 patients with cirrhosis and ascites admitted to a single inpatient liver unit.Results: The abdominal wall was significantly thinner (1.8 vs. 2.4 cm; P<0.001) and the depth of ascites greater (2.86 vs. 2.29 cm; P=0.017) in the LLQ as compared with the infraumbilical ML position. In the left lateral oblique position, the difference in the depth of ascites was more pronounced when comparing the LLQ with the infraumbilical ML (4.57 vs. 2.78 cm; P<0.0001).Conclusions: The LLQ is preferable to the ML infraumbilical location for performing paracentesis.
Cerebral Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Tool to Monitor the Thrombogenicity of Left Atrial Catheter Ablation
Authors: LICKFETT LARS , HACKENBROCH MATTHIAS , LEWALTER THORSTEN , SELBACH STEPHANIE , SCHWAB JÖRG O. , YANG ALEXANDER , BALTA OSMAN , SCHRICKEL JAN , BITZEN ALEXANDER , LÜDERITZ BERNDT , SOMMER TORSTEN 
Published: September 2005

Introduction: Cerebral embolism and stroke are feared complications of left atrial catheter ablation such as pulmonary vein (PV) ablation. In order to assess the thrombogenicity of left atrial catheter ablation, knowledge of both clinically evident as well as silent cerebral embolism is important. The aim of the current study was to examine the use of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) for detection of cerebral embolism, apparent as well as silent, caused by PV catheter ablation. Methods and Results: Twenty consecutive patients without structural heart disease undergoing lasso catheter‐guided ostial PV ablation using an irrigated‐tip ablation catheter were studied. Cerebral MRI including DW single‐shot spin echo echoplanar, turbo fluid attenuated inversion recovery, and T2‐weighted turbo spin echo sequences were performed the day after the ablation procedure. Ten patients also underwent preprocedure cerebral MRI. All ablation procedures were performed without acute complications. A mean of 3.2 ± 0.6 PVs were ablated per patient. No patient had neurological symptoms following the procedure. In 2 of 20 patients (10%), DW‐MRI revealed new embolic lesions, which were located in the right periventricular white matter in one and in the left temporal lobe in the other patient. There was no statistically significant difference in age, history of hypertension, left atrial volume, and procedure duration between the 2 patients with and the 18 patients without cerebral embolism following AF ablation. Conclusion: This is the first study using highly sensitive DW‐MRI of the brain to detect asymptomatic cerebral embolism after left atrial catheter ablation. Even small, clinically silent, embolic lesions can be demonstrated with this technique. DW‐MRI can be used to monitor and compare the thrombogenicity of different AF ablation approaches.
A simulation model of mire patterning – revisited
Authors: Couwenberg John 
Published: September 2005

The development of regular, oriented hummock‐hollow or string‐flark patterns in boreal peatlands can be explained by a simple spatially explicit model in which hummocks have a lower hydraulic conductivity than hollows and are more likely to occur at lower water levels. Revisiting a previously published model, the function used to simulate water flow is shown to be faulty. Nevertheless, the corrected model confirms the general conclusions of the original paper, showing the robustness of the approach.Five phases can be discerned in the development of the pattern. Once the hummock strings reach from left to right across the grid, there is an increase in the volume of water stored in the system. The number of hummocks and hollows differs substantially from what would be expected based on the mean water level, showing that their arrangement is more important than the actual number of hummocks.Parameter settings at which a pattern develops are sharply delineated, indicating there is a positive feedback mechanism that enhances initial patterning. Like in natural mire systems, the patterns anastomose and merge. In contrast to what is generally assumed for natural systems, the patterns show a distinct downward movement.
Stoichiometry of Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers in the Entry of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Yang Xinzhen , Kurteva Svetla , Ren Xinping , Lee Sandra , Sodroski Joseph 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Envs) function as a trimer, mediating virus entry by promoting the fusion of the viral and target cell membranes. HIV-1 Env trimers induce membrane fusion through a pH-independent pathway driven by the interaction between an Env trimer and its cellular receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4. We studied viruses with mixed heterotrimers of wild-type and dominant-negative Envs to determine the number (
T
) of Env trimers required for HIV-1 entry. To our surprise, we found that a single Env trimer is capable of supporting HIV-1 entry; i.e.,
T
= 1. A similar approach was applied to investigate the entry stoichiometry of envelope glycoproteins from amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MLV), avian sarcoma/leukosis virus type A (ASLV-A), and influenza A virus. When pseudotyped on HIV-1 virions, the A-MLV and ASLV-A Envs also exhibit a
T
= 1 entry stoichiometry. In contrast, eight to nine influenza A virus hemagglutinin trimers function cooperatively to achieve membrane fusion and virus entry, using a pH-dependent pathway. The different entry requirements for cooperativity among Env trimers for retroviruses and influenza A virus may influence viral strategies for replication and evasion of the immune system.
Characterization of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus K1 Signalosome
Authors: Lee Bok-Soo , Lee Sun-Hwa , Feng Pinghui , Chang Heesoon , Cho Nam-Hyuk , Jung Jae U. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angiogenic tumor and appears to be a hyperplastic disorder caused, in part, by local production of inflammatory cytokines. The K1 lymphocyte receptor-like protein of KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) efficiently transduces extracellular signals to elicit cellular activation events through its cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). To further delineate K1-mediated signal transduction, we purified K1 signaling complexes and identified its cellular components. Upon stimulation, the K1 ITAM was efficiently tyrosine phosphorylated and subsequently interacted with cellular Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing signaling proteins Lyn, Syk, p85, PLCγ2, RasGAP, Vav, SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1/2, and Grab2 through its phosphorylated tyrosine residues. Mutational analysis demonstrated that each tyrosine residue of K1 ITAM contributed to the interactions with cellular signaling proteins in distinctive ways. Consequently, these interactions led to the marked augmentation of cellular signal transduction activity, evidenced by the increase of cellular tyrosine phosphorylation and intracellular calcium mobilization, the activation of NF-AT and AP-1 transcription factor activities, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate that KSHV K1 effectively recruits a set of cellular SH2-containing signaling molecules to form the K1 signalosome, which elicits downstream signal transduction and induces inflammatory cytokine production.
Patterns of Cytokine Production in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Human CD8
+
T Cells after Stimulation with HIV-1-Infected CD4
+
T Cells
Authors: Fujiwara Mamoru , Takata Hiroshi , Oka Shinichi , Tomiyama Hiroko , Takiguchi Masafumi 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8
+
T cells can produce various cytokines that suppress HIV-1 replication or modulate anti-HIV-1 immunity, the extent to which HIV-1-specific CD8
+
T cells produce cytokines when they recognize HIV-1-infected CD4
+
T cells in vivo still remains unclear. We first analyzed the abilities of 10 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for three HIV-1 epitopes to produce gamma interferon, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha after stimulation with epitope peptide-pulsed cells. These CTL clones produced these cytokines in various combinations within the same specificity and among the different specificities, suggesting a functional heterogeneity of HIV-1-specific effector CD8
+
T cells in cytokine production. In contrast, the HIV-1-specific CTL clones for the most part produced a single cytokine, without heterogeneity of cytokine production among the clones, after stimulation with HIV-1-infected CD4
+
T cells. The loss of heterogeneity in cytokine production may be explained by low surface expression of HLA class I-epitope peptide complexes. Freshly isolated HIV-1-specific CD8
+
T cells with an effector/memory or memory phenotype produced much more of the cytokines than the same epitope-specific CTL clones when stimulated with HIV-1-infected CD4
+
T cells. Cytokine production from HIV-1-specific memory/effector and memory CD8
+
T cells might be a critical event in the eradication of HIV-1 in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Conversion of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus to a Lymphomagenic Virus
Authors: Bhadra Sanchita , Lozano Mary M. , Dudley Jaquelin P. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT
Type B leukemogenic virus is a variant of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) that causes thymic lymphomas rather than mammary tumors in mice. We demonstrate that conversion of a mammotropic MMTV to a T-cell-tropic virus requires two alterations in the long terminal repeat: (i) acquisition of a T-cell-specific enhancer and (ii) loss of transcriptional repression through deletion of negative regulatory elements (NREs) or by suppression of NRE activity after appropriate positioning of the enhancer.
The Bunyamwera Virus mRNA Transcription Signal Resides within both the 3′ and the 5′ Terminal Regions and Allows Ambisense Transcription from a Model RNA Segment
Authors: Barr John N. , Rodgers John W. , Wertz Gail W. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Bunyamwera virus
(BUNV) is the prototype of the
Bunyaviridae
family of RNA viruses. BUNV genomic strands are templates for both replication and transcription, whereas the antigenomic RNAs serve only as templates for replication. By mutagenesis of model templates, we showed that the BUNV transcription promoter comprises elements within both the 3′ and the 5′ nontranslated regions. Using this information, we designed a model ambisense BUNV segment that transcribed BUNV S mRNA from the genomic strand and green fluorescent protein (GFP) mRNA from the antigenome. Demonstration of GFP expression showed that this ambisense strategy represents a viable approach for generating BUNV segments able to express additional proteins.
Perturbation Growth in Baroclinic Waves
Authors: Stevens Martha R. , Hakim Gregory J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Floquet theory is applied to the stability of time-periodic, nonparallel shear flows consisting of a baroclinic jet plus a neutral wave. This configuration is chosen as an idealized representation of baroclinic waves in a storm track, and the stability analysis may be helpful for understanding generic properties of the growth of forecast errors in such regions. Two useful attributes of Floquet theory relevant to this problem are that the period-average mode growth rate is norm independent, and the t→ ∞ stability limit is determined by the stability over one period. Exponentially growing Floquet modes are found for arbitrarily small departures from parallel flows.
Approximately 70% of Floquet-mode growth in energy is due to barotropic conversion, with the remainder due to zonal heat flux. Floquet-mode growth rates increase linearly with neutral wave amplitude (i.e., the “waviness” of the jet) and also increase with neutral wave wavelength. Growth rates for meridionally localized jets are approximately 40% smaller than for comparable cases with linear vertical shear (the Eady jet). Singular vectors for these flows converge to the leading Floquet mode over one basic-state period, and the leading instantaneous optimal mode closely resembles the leading Floquet mode.
Initial-value problems demonstrate that the periodic basic states are absolutely unstable, with Floquet modes spreading faster than the basic-state flow both upstream and downstream of an initially localized disturbance. This behavior dominates the convective instability of parallel-flow jets when the neutral baroclinic wave amplitude exceeds a threshold value of about 8–10 K. This result suggests that forecast errors in a storm track may spread faster, and affect upstream locations, for sufficiently wavy jets.
Trend Analysis for Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Partitioning Using Continuous Thermodynamics
Authors: Harstad K. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The partitioning of atmospheric hydrocarbons into vapor and condensed phases when the species count is large is considered using the formalism of continuous thermodynamics. The vapor saturation pressures and condensate species distribution are parameterized using the species normal boiling temperatures. Qualitative trends in activity coefficient values and phase equilibrium behavior that are relevant to the outer planets and Titan are discussed in terms of a much simplified perspective on these aspects of partitioning. The trends found are generally consistent with those from other published atmospheric model results.
Peyer patches are not required for acute graft-versus-host disease after myeloablative conditioning and murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Welniak Lisbeth A. , Kuprash Dmitry V. , Tumanov Alexei V. , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Blazar Bruce R. , Sun Kai , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Murphy William J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a multistep disease process following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). It has been postulated that the induction of acute GVHD requires the presence of Peyer patches (PPs). A new tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–deficient strain has been developed that totally lacks PPs and displays the defects characteristic of TNF ablation but not lymphotoxin-associated defects characterized by lack of both PPs and lymph nodes. To determine the necessity of PPs in acute lethal GVHD induction, we transplanted full major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–mismatched grafts into myeloablated TNF knockout recipients. No differences in the survival or GVHD-associated histopathologic lesions were observed between the recipients. We conclude that neither PPs nor host TNF-α is required for the development of acute lethal GVHD in mice that undergo myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic BMT.
Association analysis of a highly polymorphic CAG Repeat in the human potassium channel gene KCNN3 and migraine susceptibility
Authors: Curtain Robert , Sundholm James , Lea Rod , Ovcaric Mick , MacMillan John , Griffiths Lyn 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a polygenic multifactorial disease, possessing environmental and genetic causative factors with multiple involved genes. Mutations in various ion channel genes are responsible for a number of neurological disorders.KCNN3is a neuronal small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel gene that contains two polyglutamine tracts, encoded by polymorphic CAG repeats in the gene. This gene plays a critical role in determining the firing pattern of neurons and acts to regulate intracellular calcium channels.MethodsThe present association study tested whether length variations in the second (more 3') polymorphic CAG repeat in exon 1 of theKCNN3gene, are involved in susceptibility to migraine with and without aura (MA and MO). In total 423 DNA samples from unrelated individuals, of which 202 consisted of migraine patients and 221 non-migraine controls, were genotyped and analysed using a fluorescence labelled primer set on an ABI310 Genetic Analyzer. Allele frequencies were calculated from observed genotype counts for theKCNN3polymorphism. Analysis was performed using standard contingency table analysis, incorporating the chi-squared test of independence and CLUMP analysis.ResultsOverall, there was no convincing evidence thatKCNN3CAG lengths differ between Caucasian migraineurs and controls, with no significant difference in the allelic length distribution of CAG repeats between the population groups (P= 0.090). Also the MA and MO subtypes did not differ significantly between control allelic distributions (P> 0.05). The prevalence of the long CAG repeat (>19 repeats) did not reach statistical significance in migraineurs (P= 0.15), nor was there a significant difference between the MA and MO subgroups observed compared to controls (P= 0.46 andP= 0.09, respectively), or between MA vs MO (P= 0.40).ConclusionThis association study provides no evidence that length variations of the second polyglutamine array in the N-terminus of theKCNN3channel exert an effect in the pathogenesis of migraine.
Intra-abdominal angiosarcoma developing in a capsule of a foreign body: report of a case with associated hemorrhagic diathesis
Authors: Joo Young-Tae , Jeong Chi-Young , Jung Eun-Jung , Lee Young-Joon , Hong Soon-Chan , Choi Sang-Kyung , Park Soon-Tae , Ha Woo-Song 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Backgrounds
Angiosarcoma occurs very rarely in the gastrointestinal tract and can present great diagnostic difficulty, especially when it is associated with intraabdominal abscess or granulation tissue.

Case presentation
We report a case where the angiosarcoma was diagnosed after the occurrence of disseminated angiosarcoma and concurrent hemoperitoneum. The tumor developed in the fibrous capsule of a foreign body, which was possibly related to the previous appendectomy twenty years ago, and became a widely disseminated malignant neoplasm in the abdomen. After the operation, the patient's course was dominated by a fatal consumptive coagulapathy. Pathologic examination of the multiple intra-abdominal lesions showed the histological and immunohistological characteristics of the angiosarcoma.

Conclusion
Even though angiosarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract is extremely rare, when dealing with intraabdominal abscess or the gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who have undergone surgery or radiation therapy in the past, the possibility of angiosarcoma should be considered. To make the definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma and to avoid the misdiagnosis of foreign body granuloma, thorough histological examination and immunohistochemical staining may be prerequisite.