bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In severe ADNC, hippocampi with comorbid LATE-NC and hippocampal sclerosis have substantially more astrocytosis than those with LATE-NC or hippocampal sclerosis alone
Authors: Niedowicz Dana M , Katsumata Yuriko , Nelson Peter T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) and hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-A) pathologies are found together at autopsy in ∼20% of elderly demented persons. Although astrocytosis is known to occur in neurodegenerative diseases, it is currently unknown how the severity of astrocytosis is correlated with the common combinations of pathologies in aging brains. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed a convenience sample of autopsied subjects from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center community-based autopsy cohort. The subjects were stratified into 5 groups (n = 51 total): pure ADNC, ADNC + LATE-NC, ADNC + HS-A, ADNC + LATE-NC + HS-A, and low-pathology controls. Following GFAP immunostaining and digital slide scanning with a ScanScope, we measured GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytosis. The severities of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytosis in hippocampal subfield CA1 and subiculum were compared between groups. The group with ADNC + LATE-NC + HS-A had the most astrocytosis as operationalized by either any GFAP+ or strong GFAP+ immunoreactivity in both CA1 and subiculum. In comparison to that pathologic combination, ADNC + HS or ADNC + LATE-NC alone showed lower astrocytosis. Pure ADNC had only marginally increased astrocytosis in CA1 and subiculum, in comparison to low-pathology controls. We conclude that there appeared to be pathogenetic synergy such that ADNC + LATE-NC + HS-A cases had relatively high levels of astrocytosis in the hippocampal formation.
Is communication a dependent or involuted discipline? A citation analysis of communication publications from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Hu Jiaying , Oktavianus Jeffry , Zhu Jonathan J H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Communication research has been one of the fastest-growing disciplines across the social sciences over the last two decades in terms of the numbers of Social Science Citation Indexed journals and articles. However, whether Communication is an independent discipline remains debated. Of various criticisms, one extreme considers Communication too dependent on other disciplines, whereas the other regards Communication as too inward-looking. In the current study, we measure and analyze citations of articles not only among communication scholars but also between communication scholars and their counterparts from other disciplines to evaluate the performance of communication research. Our findings suggest that communication research has maintained balanced citation patterns, with a 20% self-citation rate, a 1:1 ratio between incoming and outgoing citations, and a high diversity of in- and out-citations across social science disciplines. The results may serve as useful food for thought for future evaluation of communication discipline.
Enhancing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Adolescents Living With HIV Through Group-Based Therapeutic Approaches in Uganda: Findings From a Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kizito Samuel , Nabunya Proscovia , Ssewamala Fred M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
We examine the preliminary impact of group-cognitive behavioral therapy (G-CBT) versus a family-strengthening intervention delivered via multiple family group (MFG) in improving ART adherence among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Uganda.

Methods
We analyzed data from a pilot cluster-randomized trial (2020–2022) conducted in 9 clinics in Uganda among 89 participants, who were eligible out of the 147 ALHIV screened. Participants were eligible if they were aged 10–14 years, HIV positive, taking ART, and living with a family. Adolescents were randomized, at the clinic level, to receive the usual care (n = 29), MFG (n = 34), or G-CBT (n = 26). The interventions were delivered over 3 months. Overall, the mean percentage attendance for the 10 G-CBT and MFG sessions was 87.7% and 90.2%, respectively. Three ALHIV were lost to follow-up, while 1 child died. Adherence was assessed using pharmacy records collected at baseline and 4 additional pharmacy visits. We used mixed-effects logistic regression analysis to examine the effect of the interventions on ART adherence.

Results
We found statistically significant main effects for the intervention, χ2(2) = 7.76, p = .021, time, χ2(2) = 39.67, p &lt; .001, and intervention–time interaction effect χ2(6)= 27.65, p &lt; .001. Pairwise comparisons showed increasing adherence in the MFG group compared to usual care at visit 3 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.52 [1.01–20.11], p = .047) and visit 5 (OR = 3.56 [1.42–8.91], p = .007). Also, compared to usual care, participants who received G-CBT showed higher adherence at visit 4 (OR = 2.69 [1.32–5.50], p = .007).

Conclusions
Our study showed preliminary evidence that G-CBT and MFG might have contributed to improved ART adherence among ALHIV. Moreover, G-CBT is a low-cost alternative to expensive individual therapy, especially in low-resource settings. The results warrant the need for more extensive studies to better understand the role of these interventions in the routine care of ALHIV. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov (#NCT04528732).
Incidence of Omicron Variant Reinfection and Reduction of Reinfection Risk After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Children
Authors: Ikuse Tatsuki , Aizawa Yuta , Hasegawa Satoshi , Takahashi Masashi , Hayashi Takanori , Kon Miyako , Tamura Tsutomu , Matsumoto Haruki , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Data are limited on the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection in children. This population-based cohort study in Niigata, Japan from January to November 2022 demonstrated the incidence of reinfection was 1337/48 099 (2.8%), and the hazard ratio for reinfection in vaccinated children was 0.29 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.40).
Photosynthesis in newly developed leaves of heat-tolerant wheat acclimates to long-term nocturnal warming
Authors: Coast Onoriode , Scafaro Andrew P , Bramley Helen , Taylor Nicolas L , Atkin Owen K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We examined photosynthetic traits of pre-existing and newly developed flag leaves of four wheat genotypes grown in controlled-environment experiments. In newly developed leaves, acclimation of the maximum rate of net CO2 assimilation (An) to warm nights (i.e. increased An) was associated with increased capacity of Rubisco carboxylation and photosynthetic electron transport, with Rubisco activation state probably contributing to increased Rubisco activity. Metabolite profiling linked acclimation of An to greater accumulation of monosaccharides and saturated fatty acids in leaves; these changes suggest roles for osmotic adjustment of leaf turgor pressure and maintenance of cell membrane integrity. By contrast, where An decreased under warm nights, the decline was related to lower stomatal conductance and rates of photosynthetic electron transport. Decreases in An occurred despite higher basal PSII thermal stability in all genotypes exposed to warm nights: Tcrit of 45–46.5 °C in non-acclimated versus 43.8–45 °C in acclimated leaves. Pre-existing leaves showed no change in An–temperature response curves, except for an elite heat-tolerant genotype. These findings illustrate the impact of night-time warming on the ability of wheat plants to photosynthesize during the day, thereby contributing to explain the impact of global warming on crop productivity.
The conservation of allelic DNA methylation and its relationship with imprinting in maize
Authors: Dong Xiaomei , Luo Haishan , Yao Jiabin , Guo Qingfeng , Yu Shuai , Ruan Yanye , Li Fenghai , Jin Weiwei , Meng Dexuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genomic imprinting refers to allele-specific expression of genes depending on parental origin, and it is regulated by epigenetic modifications. Intraspecific allelic variation for imprinting has been detected; however, the intraspecific genome-wide allelic epigenetic variation in maize and its correlation with imprinting variants remain unclear. Here, three reciprocal hybrids were generated by crossing Zea mays inbred lines CAU5, B73, and Mo17 in order to examine the intraspecific conservation of the imprinted genes in the kernel. The majority of imprinted genes exhibited intraspecific conservation, and these genes also exhibited interspecific conservation (rice, sorghum, and Arabidopsis) and were enriched in some specific pathways. By comparing intraspecific allelic DNA methylation in the endosperm, we found that nearly 15% of DNA methylation existed as allelic variants. The intraspecific whole-genome correlation between DNA methylation and imprinted genes indicated that DNA methylation variants play an important role in imprinting variants. Disruption of two conserved imprinted genes using CRISPR/Cas9 editing resulted in a smaller kernel phenotype. Our results shed light on the intraspecific correlation of DNA methylation variants and variation for imprinting in maize, and show that imprinted genes play an important role in kernel development.
The black widow pulsar J1641+8049 in the optical, radio, and X-rays
Authors: Kirichenko A Yu , Zharikov S V , Karpova A V , Fonseca E , Zyuzin D A , Shibanov Yu A , López E A , Gilfanov M R , Cabrera-Lavers A , Geier S , Dong F A , Good D C , McKee J W , Meyers B W , Stairs I H , McLaughlin M A , Swiggum J K 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
PSR J1641+8049 is a 2 ms black widow pulsar with the 2.2 h orbital period detected in the radio and γ-rays. We performed new phase-resolved multiband photometry of PSR J1641+8049 using the OSIRIS instrument at the Gran Telescopio Canarias. The obtained data were analysed together with the new radio-timing observations from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME), the X-ray data from the Spectrum-RG/eROSITA all-sky survey, and all available optical photometric observations. An updated timing solution based on CHIME data is presented, which accounts for secular and periodic modulations in pulse dispersion. The system parameters obtained through the light-curve analysis, including the distance to the source 4.6–4.8 kpc and the orbital inclination 56–59 deg, are found to be consistent with previous studies. However, the optical flux of the source at the maximum brightness phase faded by a factor of ∼2 as compared to previous observations. Nevertheless, the face of the J1641+8049 companion remains one of the most heated (8000–9500 K) by a pulsar among the known black widow pulsars. We also report a new estimation on the pulsar proper motion of ≈2 mas yr−1, which yields a spin-down luminosity of ≈4.87 × 1034 erg s−1 and a corresponding heating efficiency of the companion by the pulsar of 0.3–0.7. The pulsar was not detected in X-rays implying its X-ray-luminosity was $\lesssim$3 × 1031 erg s−1 at the date of observations.
First detection of soft-lag in GRS 1915 + 105 at HFQPO using AstroSat observations
Authors: Majumder Prajjwal , Dutta Broja G , Nandi Anuj 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The Galactic black hole GRS 1915 + 105 exhibits generic high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) at ∼ 67 Hz only during the radio-quiet ‘softer’ variability classes. We present the time-lag properties associated with HFQPOs in the wide energy band (3–60 keV) using all AstroSat observations. For the first time, we detect soft-lag of 6–25 keV band w.r.t. 3–6 keV band for all ‘softer’ variability classes (δ, ω, κ, and γ). Moreover, our findings reveal that soft-lag increases gradually with the energy of the photons. These features are entirely opposite to the previous report of hard-lag obtained with the RXTE observations. The energy-dependent time-lag study exhibits a maximum soft-lag of ∼ 3 and ∼ 2.5 ms for the δ and ω classes, respectively, whereas the κ and γ classes both exhibit a maximum soft-lag of ∼2.1 ms. We find a coherent lag-energy correlation for all four variability classes, where the amplitude of soft-lag increases with energy and becomes maximum at ∼18 keV. We interpret this observed soft-lag as the reflection of hard photons in the ‘cooler’ accretion disc. A generic lag-rms correlation implies that the soft-lag increases with the rms amplitude of the HFQPO. The wideband (0.7–50 keV) spectral study suggests a high value of the optical depth (τ ∼ 6.90–12.55) of the Comptonized medium and the magnitude of the soft-lag increases linearly with the increase in optical depth (τ). We explain the observed time-lag features at the HFQPOs in the context of a possible accretion disc scenario.
Inhibition of ATR opposes glioblastoma invasion through disruption of cytoskeletal networks and integrin internalization via macropinocytosis
Authors: Derby Sarah J , Dutton Louise , Strathdee Karen E , Stevenson Katrina , Koessinger Anna , Jackson Mark , Tian Yuling , Yu Wenxi , Mclay Kathy , Misquitta Josette , Alsharif Sama , Clarke Cassie J , Gilmour Lesley , Thomason Peter , McGhee Ewan , McGarrity-Cottrell Connor L , Vanderlinden Aurelie , Collis Spencer J , Rominyi Ola , Lemgruber Leandro , Solecki Gergely , Olson Michael , Winkler Frank , Carlin Leo M , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Inman Gareth J , Chalmers Anthony J , Norman Jim C , Carruthers Ross , Birch Joanna L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Glioblastomas have highly infiltrative growth patterns that contribute to recurrence and poor survival. Despite infiltration being a critical therapeutic target, no clinically useful therapies exist that counter glioblastoma invasion. Here, we report that inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad 3 related kinase (ATR) reduces invasion of glioblastoma cells through dysregulation of cytoskeletal networks and subsequent integrin trafficking.

Methods
Glioblastoma motility and invasion were assessed in vitro and in vivo in response to ATR inhibition (ATRi) and ATR overexpression using time-lapse microscopy, two orthotopic glioblastoma models, and intravital imaging. Disruption to cytoskeleton networks and endocytic processing were investigated via high-throughput, super-resolution and intravital imaging.

Results
High ATR expression was associated with significantly poorer survival in clinical datasets while histological, protein expression, and spatial transcriptomics using glioblastoma tumor specimens revealed higher ATR expression at infiltrative margins. Pharmacological inhibition with two different compounds and RNAi targeting of ATR opposed the invasion of glioblastoma, whereas overexpression of ATR drove migration. Subsequent investigation revealed that cytoskeletal dysregulation reduced macropinocytotic internalization of integrins at growth-cone-like structures, resulting in a tumor microtube retraction defect. The biological relevance and translational potential of these findings were confirmed using two orthotopic in vivo models of glioblastoma and intravital imaging.

Conclusions
We demonstrate a novel role for ATR in determining invasion in glioblastoma cells and propose that pharmacological targeting of ATR could have far-reaching clinical benefits beyond radiosensitization.
Long-term neurocognitive and psychological outcomes in meningioma survivors: Individual changes over time and radiation dosimetry
Authors: Sekely Angela , Zakzanis Konstantine K , Mabbott Donald , Tsang Derek S , Kongkham Paul , Zadeh Gelareh , Edelstein Kim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
This study investigates long-term changes in neurocognitive performance and psychological symptoms in meningioma survivors and associations with radiation dose to circumscribed brain regions.

Methods
We undertook a retrospective study of meningioma survivors who underwent longitudinal clinical neurocognitive assessments. Change in neurocognitive performance or psychological symptoms was assessed using reliable change indices. Radiation dosimetry, if prescribed, was evaluated based on treatment-planning computerized tomography co-registered with contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Mixed effects analyses were used to explore whether incidental radiation to brain regions outside the tumor influences neurocognitive and psychological outcomes.

Results
Most (range = 41%–93%) survivors demonstrated stable—albeit often below average—neurocognitive and psychological trajectories, although some also exhibited improvements (range = 0%–31%) or declines (range = 0%–36%) over time. Higher radiation dose to the parietal-occipital region (partial R2 = 0.462) and cerebellum (partial R2 = 0.276) was independently associated with slower visuomotor processing speed. Higher dose to the hippocampi was associated with increases in depression (partial R2 = 0.367) and trait anxiety (partial R2 = 0.236).

Conclusions
Meningioma survivors experience neurocognitive deficits and psychological symptoms many years after diagnosis, and a proportion of them decline over time. This study offers proof of concept that incidental radiation to brain regions beyond the tumor site may contribute to these sequelae. Future investigations should include radiation dosimetry when examining risk factors that contribute to the quality of survivorship in this growing population.
Impact of the 2019 Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection on Treatment Response Rates: A Reanalysis of a Clinical Trial of Nitrofurantoin vs Fosfomycin
Authors: Grant Rebecca , Büchler Andrea , Flight William , Huang Chun , Ferrinho Diogo , Janmohamed Salim , Mulgirigama Aruni , Godycki-Cwirko Maciek , Leibovici Leonard , Huttner Angela , Harbarth Stephan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Current US Food and Administration (FDA) guidance recommends that the primary efficacy endpoint for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) clinical trials be a composite of clinical and microbiological responses. We applied these criteria to a previous clinical trial to determine the impact on treatment outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a patient-level reanalysis of a randomized clinical trial of nitrofurantoin versus fosfomycin for treatment of uUTI in nonpregnant adult women. Women were included in the reanalysis if they had 2 or more signs/symptoms of uUTI and a single bacterial species isolated from baseline urine culture at ≥105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The applied primary efficacy endpoint—therapeutic response—required both clinical resolution of signs/symptoms and reduction of the infecting bacterial pathogen to &lt;103 CFU/mL at day 14 post–treatment completion.

Results
Two hundred eleven of 513 (41%) patients were eligible for inclusion in the reanalysis. Among these patients, 74% (76/103) and 69% (75/108) in the nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin groups, respectively, achieved clinical resolution by day 14. Similarly, 70% (72/103) and 67% (72/108) in each group achieved microbiological success at day 14. As such, 59% (61/103) and 57% (62/108) of women in each group met the primary efficacy endpoint—therapeutic success—at day 14. In comparison, 75% and 66% of patients in each group achieved clinical resolution at day 14 in the initial clinical trial.

Conclusions
Applying current FDA guidance resulted in lower composite efficacy rates than clinical resolution alone as observed in the initial clinical trial. This may limit the ability to compare antibiotic treatment effects between historical and future clinical trials.
Inside Indonesia’s Religious Courts: An Argument for Domestic and Family Violence Screening and Exemption from Compulsory Mediation
Authors: Jones Balawyn , Aftab Amira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Indonesia, Islamic norms have been codified into State family law and divorce petitions are handled by State ‘Religious Courts’ (Pengadilan Agama). Formal, court-annexed mediation at the Religious Courts exists alongside customary (adat) mediation at the community level. In cases involving domestic and family violence, victims are socially expected to mediate at the community level before proceeding to the Religious Courts for formal determination of divorce petitions. At the Religious Courts, mediation is currently compulsory for all divorce petitions, even where there is proof or allegations of domestic and family violence. We argue that mediation should not be compulsory for victims of domestic and family violence who seek divorce via State family law avenues. In practice, victims bringing divorce petitions to the courts have generally already participated in mediation at the community level and therefore, further mediation has little—if any—utility. Further, there are well-documented risks for victims of domestic and family violence in mediation contexts. We draw on the comparative models of family violence screening from Australia and Canada to argue that similar screening processes should be introduced into Indonesia’s Religious Courts in order to exempt such cases of violence from compulsory mediation.
H2O2 negatively regulates aluminum resistance via oxidation and degradation of the transcription factor STOP1
Authors: Wei Xiang , Zhu Yifang , Xie Wenxiang , Ren Weiwei , Zhang Yang , Zhang Hui , Dai Shaojun , Huang Chao-Feng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aluminum (Al) stress triggers the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots. However, whether H2O2 plays a regulatory role in aluminum resistance remains unclear. In this study, we show that H2O2 plays a crucial role in regulation of Al resistance, which is modulated by the mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein REGULATION OF ALMT1 EXPRESSION 6 (RAE6). Mutation in RAE6 impairs the activity of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, resulting in the accumulation of H2O2 and increased sensitivity to Al. Our results suggest that higher H2O2 concentrations promote the oxidation of SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1), an essential transcription factor that promotes Al resistance, thereby promoting its degradation by enhancing the interaction between STOP1 and the F-box protein RAE1. Conversely, decreasing H2O2 levels or blocking the oxidation of STOP1 leads to greater STOP1 stability and increased Al resistance. Moreover, we show that the thioredoxin TRX1 interacts with STOP1 to catalyze its chemical reduction. Thus, our results highlight the importance of H2O2 in Al resistance and regulation of STOP1 stability in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).