bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of hepatic resection does not correlate with toxicity following adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Carlo Waldemar F. , Hummer Amanda J. , Schwartz Lawrence , Sullivan Deidre , Gonen Mithat , Jarnagin William , Fong Yuman , Kemeny Nancy 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer, survival can be increased by hepatic resection. Treatment with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) and systemic chemotherapy following resection may further increase survival and decrease recurrence, but may also result in hepatic and systemic toxicity. This article will address the question of whether large hepatic resections resulting in a greater loss of healthy liver predisposes patients to developing toxicity from the subsequent chemotherapeutic regimens.DesignRetrospective analysis of 88 patients who underwent liver resection of colorectal metastases followed by adjuvant HAI and systemic chemotherapy and whose computerized tomography (CT) scans were done at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Liver volumes were calculated from CT scans and used to determine the percentage change in healthy liver volume between the pre‐ and post‐operative CT scans. Hepatic and systemic toxicities were defined according to the Common Toxicity Criteria of the National Cancer Institute.ResultsPatients experienced a mean percentage decrease in healthy liver tissue of 17% (range: 57% decrease to 32% increase) at an estimated 1 month after resection and at the initiation of chemotherapy. In a logistic regression model using percentage change in the healthy liver volume as a continuous variable, no significant association was revealed between percentage of healthy liver resected and diarrhea (P = 0.47), leukopenia (P = 0.37), neutropenia (P = 0.31), high bilirubin (P = 0.27), or alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.79).ConclusionsA greater loss of healthy liver following resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer does not seem to predispose to the development of toxicity from adjuvant HAI and systemic chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:85–90. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Esophageal cancer: Outcomes of surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and three‐dimension conformal radiotherapy
Authors: Fréchette Éric , Buck David A. , Kaplan Brian J. , Chung Theodore D. , Shaw James E. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Neifeld James P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation are being utilized with increasing frequency in the multimodal treatment of esophageal cancer, although their effects on morbidity, mortality, and survival remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of multimodal treatment in patients with localized esophageal cancer treated at a single institution. Between 1995 and 2002, 118 patients underwent treatment for localized esophageal cancer, utilizing surgery alone, chemoradiation alone, or surgery following neoadjuvant chemoradiation. There was no statistically significant difference in morbidity, mortality, or length of stay between the patients who received multimodal therapy when compared to surgery alone. A surgical resection after down‐staging was possible in 9 out of 28 patients (32%) with a clinically non‐resectable tumor (T4 or M1a). Forty‐seven percent of the patients who received neoadjuvant therapy had a complete pathologic response with a 3‐year survival of 59% as compared to only 20 months in those patients who did not achieve a complete response (P = 0.037). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy administered concomitantly with conformal radiotherapy can be performed safely in the treatment of esophageal cancer, without increasing the operative morbidity, mortality, or length of stay. The higher complete response rates to neoadjuvant treatment (as compared to other reports) may be due to the use of three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy or the novel use of weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:68–74. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterogeneity in liver allocation
Authors: Freeman Richard 
Published: July 2004

Context
The Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) score serves as the basis for the distribution of deceased-donor (DD) livers and was developed in response to “the final rule” mandate, whose stated principle is to allocate livers according to a patient’s medical need, with less emphasis on keeping organs in the local procurement area. However, in selected areas of the United States, organs are kept in organ procurement organizations (OPOs) with small waiting lists and transplanted into less-sick patients instead of being allocated to sicker patients in nearby transplant centers in OPOs with large waiting lists.

Objective
To determine whether there is a difference in MELD scores for liver transplant recipients receiving transplants in small vs large OPOs.

Design and Setting
Retrospective review of the US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients between February 28, 2002, and March 31, 2003. Transplant recipients (N = 4798) had end-stage liver disease and received DD livers.

Main Outcome Measures
MELD score distribution (range, 6-40), graft survival, and patient survival for liver transplant recipients in small (<100) and large (> or = 100 on the waiting list) OPOs.

Results
The distribution of MELD scores was the same in large and small OPOs; 92% had a MELD score of 18 or less, 7% had a MELD score between 19 and 24, and only 2% of listed patients had a MELD score higher than 24 (P = .85). The proportion of patients receiving transplants in small OPOs and with a MELD score higher than 24 was significantly lower than that in large OPOs (19% vs 49%; P < .001). Patient survival rates at 1 year after transplantation for small OPOs (86.4%) and large OPOs (86.6%) were not statistically different (P = .59), and neither were graft survival rates in small OPOs (80.1%) and large OPOs (81.3%) (P = .80).

Conclusions
There is a significant disparity in MELD scores in liver transplant recipients in small vs large OPOs; fewer transplant recipients in small OPOs have severe liver disease (MELD score >24). This disparity does not reflect the stated goals of the current allocation policy, which is to distribute livers according to a patient’s medical need, with less emphasis on keeping organs in the local procurement area. (JAMA 2004;291:1871-1874.)
Synthesis, Characterization, and Mechanism of Polymerization of Poly(but‐2‐ene sulfide)
Authors: Sundarrajan Subramanian , Srinivasan Kalathur Sabdham Vangepuram 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: The effect of structural factors on polymer formation versus cyclization is reported. The reaction of sodium sulfide with either 1,4‐dibromobut‐2‐ene 1 or 1,4‐dibromobutane 2 has been carried out in presence of a phase transfer catalyst and it was observed that the former yields polymer, whereas the latter gives cyclic and linear products. Interestingly, trans/cis isomerization takes place during the polymer formation from 1 and a plausible mechanism has also been discussed.The reaction mechanism for unsaturated compound 1 and saturated compound 2 is discussed here.magnified imageThe reaction mechanism for unsaturated compound 1 and saturated compound 2 is discussed here.
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Star Polymers Having Nanosized Silica Cores
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Li Shu‐Hsien 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) star polymers having a nanosized silica particle as a core were prepared by reacting silica nanoparticles with monoglycidylether‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane). This star polymer was a hybrid material having an extremely high content of silica. The PDMS arms formed an organic domain to separate the silica particles and to prevent particle aggregation. The star polymers exhibited good thermal stability and high activation energy of their degradation reaction, in comparison to the linear PDMS polymer and the PDMS/silica blending materials. This star polymer can be used as a flame retardant for polymeric materials and this preparation technique can be applied to prepare other star polymers.An SEM image of poly(dimethylsiloxane) star polymers having nanosized silica particles as a core.magnified imageAn SEM image of poly(dimethylsiloxane) star polymers having nanosized silica particles as a core.
Metallo‐Polymerization/‐Cyclization of a C16‐Bridged Di‐Terpyridine Ligand and Iron(II) Ions
Authors: Andres Philip R. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: The coordinative polymerization/cyclization of a flexible monodisperse di‐terpyridine ligand with iron(II) chloride is reported. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) investigations showed the preferred formation of a [2 + 2] macrocycle, but also larger aggregates (cycles or linear oligomers) with up to 10 monomer units were found. Because of its C16‐spacer, the solubility is sufficient for performing viscosity experiments in CHCl3/MeOH solution. A viscosity titration revealed a maximum in viscosity at the 1‐to‐1 ratio of iron(II) ions to di‐terpyridine‐ligands, which indicates the formation of extended oligomers, polymers, catenanes and/or cycles at that ratio.Schematic representation of intra‐ and intermolecular metallo‐macrocycles.magnified imageSchematic representation of intra‐ and intermolecular metallo‐macrocycles.
Nonaggregated Zinc Phthalocyanine in Mesoporous Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Wang Xinchen , Yu Jimmy C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: A simple sonochemical approach has been successfully developed to deposit poorly dissolved phthalocyanine dyes onto the surface of a highly‐ordered mesoporous nanostructured TiO2 thin film. The aggregation‐free phthalocyanines are effectively encapsulated and stabilized in the nanopore arrays of the zeolite‐like mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film. Highly dispersed dye∥TiO2 heterojunction arrays with a large contact area can be obtained by using this interesting approach.The incorporation of phthalocyanine dyes into the surface of a highly‐ordered mesoporous nanostructured TiO2 thin film, a potential photocatalyst.magnified imageThe incorporation of phthalocyanine dyes into the surface of a highly‐ordered mesoporous nanostructured TiO2 thin film, a potential photocatalyst.
Preparation and Properties of New Soluble π‐Conjugated Polymers Containing a Fumaronitrile Unit in the Main Chain
Authors: Fang Qiang , Jiang Biao , Xu Bing , Wang Wanjun , Yu Feng , Wu Xiaqin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: A class of new, soluble, π‐conjugated polymers containing a fumaronitrile unit in the main chain were synthesized by the reaction between di(4‐bromophenyl)fumaronitrile and bis(2,2‐dimethylpropane‐1,3‐diyl)‐1,4‐dialkoxyphenylene‐2,5‐diborate employing palladium catalysts. All the polymers were photoluminescent and electrochemically active.The new soluble π‐conjugated polymers 1a–d with photoluminescence and electrochemical activity synthesized here.magnified imageThe new soluble π‐conjugated polymers 1a–d with photoluminescence and electrochemical activity synthesized here.
RAFT‐Polymerization of Styrene up to High Pressure: Rate Enhancement and Improved Control
Authors: Arita Toshihiko , Buback Michael , Janssen Olaf , Vana Philipp 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: Application of high pressure, up to 2 500 bar, in cumyl dithiobenzoate‐mediated styrene reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations was found to be extremely advantageous with respect to both rate and control of polymerization. The overall rate of polymerization could be increased by a factor of approximately 3 with, e.g., at 23% conversion, concomitantly reducing the polydispersity indices from 1.35 to 1.10. No significant effect of increased pressure on the rate retardation effect was found.SEC curves of polystyrene samples with identical peak molecular weights, generated by CDB‐mediated styrene bulk polymerization at 70 °C at 1 and at 2 000 bar.magnified imageSEC curves of polystyrene samples with identical peak molecular weights, generated by CDB‐mediated styrene bulk polymerization at 70 °C at 1 and at 2 000 bar.
Low‐gain adaptive stabilization of semilinear second‐order hyperbolic systems
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihiro 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper low‐gain adaptive stabilization of undamped semilinear second‐order hyperbolic systems is considered in the case where the input and output operators are collocated. The linearized systems have an infinite number of poles and zeros on the imaginary axis. The adaptive stabilizer is constructed by a low‐gain adaptive velocity feedback. The closed‐loop system is governed by a non‐linear evolution equation. First, the well‐posedness of the closed‐loop system is shown. Next, an energy‐like function and a multiplier function are introduced and the exponential stability of the closed‐loop system is analysed. Some examples are given to illustrate the theory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control problem for a non‐linear thermoelasticity system
Authors: Pawłow Irena , Żochowski Antoni 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe control problem for a three‐dimensional non‐linear thermoelasticity system is considered. The system may represent, among others, the dynamical model of shape memory materials. As controls we take distributed heat sources and body forces. The goal functional refers to the desired evolution of displacement, strain and temperature.The continuity and differentiability of solutions with respect to controls is studied. The existence of optimal controls is proved and the necessary optimality conditions are formulated. The existence of adjoint state variables is proved under additional regularity of data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial behaviour of solutions of the dual‐phase‐lag heat equation
Authors: Horgan C. O. , Quintanilla R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper we study the spatial behaviour of solutions of some problems for the dual‐phase‐lag heat equation on a semi‐infinite cylinder. The theory of dual‐phase‐lag heat conduction leads to a hyperbolic partial differential equation with a third derivative with respect to time. First, we investigate the spatial evolution of solutions of an initial boundary‐value problem with zero boundary conditions on the lateral surface of the cylinder. Under a boundedness restriction on the initial data, an energy estimate is obtained. An upper bound for the amplitude term in this estimate in terms of the initial and boundary data is also established. For the case of zero initial conditions, a more explicit estimate is obtained which shows that solutions decay exponentially along certain spatial‐time lines. A class of non‐standard problems is also considered for which the temperature and its first two time derivatives at a fixed time T are assumed proportional to their initial values. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On blowup for gain‐term‐only classical and relativistic Boltzmann equations
Authors: Andréasson Håkan , Calogero Simone , Illner Reinhard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe show that deletion of the loss part of the collision term in all physically relevant versions of the Boltzmann equation, including the relativistic case, will in general lead to blowup in finite time of a solution and hence prevent global existence. Our result corrects an error in the proof given (Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 1987; 9:251–259), where the result was announced for the classical hard sphere case; here we give a simpler proof which applies much more generally. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton MRI of lung parenchyma reflects allergen‐induced airway remodeling and endotoxin‐aroused hyporesponsiveness: A step toward ventilation studies in spontaneously breathing rats
Authors: Beckmann Nicolau , Cannet Catherine , Zurbruegg Stefan , Rudin Markus , Tigani Bruno 
Published: July 2004

AbstractProton signals from lung parenchyma were detected with the use of a gradient‐echo sequence to noninvasively obtain information on pulmonary function in models of airway diseases in rats. Initial measurements carried out in artificially ventilated control rats revealed a highly significant negative correlation between the parenchymal signal and the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the blood, for different amounts of oxygen administered. The magnitude of the signal intensity variations caused by changes in the oxygen concentration was larger than expected solely from the paramagnetic properties of molecular oxygen. Inhomogeneous line‐broadening induced by lung inflation may explain the observed signal amplification. Experiments carried out in spontaneously breathing animals challenged with allergen or endotoxin revealed parenchymal signal changes that reflected the oxygenation status of the lungs and were consistent with airway remodeling or hyporesponsiveness. The results suggest that proton MRI of parenchymal tissue is a sensitive tool for probing the functional status of the lung in rat models of respiratory diseases. The method is complementary to the recently described noninvasive assessment by MRI of pulmonary inflammation in small rodents. Overall, these techniques provide invaluable information for profiling anti‐inflammatory drugs in models of airway diseases. Magn Reson Med 52:258–268, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of physiologic challenge on the ADC of intracellular water in the Xenopus oocyte
Authors: Sehy Jonathan V. , Zhao Lin , Xu Junqian , Rayala Heidi J. , Ackerman Joseph J.H. , Neil Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe biophysical determinants of the intracellular water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in mammalian tissues are poorly understood. Model systems that are more amenable to physical measurements may provide insights into the behavior of more complex systems. Toward that end, we used MRI to evaluate the effects of altered microtubule concentration, nuclear breakdown, and ATP depletion on intracellular water ADC in the Xenopus oocyte. Water ADC did not change in response to polymerization of microtubules with taxol or depolymerization with nocodazole. Water ADC did not change following the breakdown of the nucleus in healthy cells. Short‐term depletion of ATP (∼20% of normal levels following 4 hr of exposure to sodium azide and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose) was not associated with a change in intracellular ADC. Long‐term depletion of ATP (∼20% of normal levels following 2 days of exposure to antimycin A) was associated with a significant decrease in intracellular water ADC. These findings suggest that intracellular water diffusion in oocytes is not dependent on the state of microtubule polymerization or short‐term ATP depletion, although long‐term ATP depletion is associated with changes that lead to a decrease in intracellular water ADC. Magn Reson Med 52:239–247, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a compact MRI system for trabecular bone volume fraction measurements
Authors: Kose Katsumi , Matsuda Yoshimasa , Kurimoto Takeaki , Hashimoto Seitarou , Yamazaki Yukako , Haishi Tomoyuki , Utsuzawa Shin , Yoshioka Hiroshi , Okada Shigemasu , Aoki Masaaki , Tsuzaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA compact MRI system for measuring trabecular bone volume fraction (TBVF) of the calcaneus was developed with the use of a 0.21 T permanent magnet and portable MRI console. The entire system weighed < 600 kg and was installed in a 2 m × 2 m space. Two cross‐sectional spin‐echo images of a heel acquired with external reference phantoms (total measurement time = 5 min) were used to quantify the TBVF of the calcaneus. The linearity and reproducibility of the measurements were evaluated by means of proton density‐adjusted phantoms. Comparative measurements with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in groups of healthy female volunteers showed a relatively high positive correlation (R2 = 0.4539, 0.2693) between TBVF and the speed of sound (SOS). These results demonstrate the potential of this new system for measuring bone density. Magn Reson Med 52:440–444, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histochemical detection of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) contrast medium uptake in experimental brain ischemia
Authors: Schroeter Michael , Saleh Andreas , Wiedermann Dirk , Hoehn Mathias , Jander Sebastian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecently, macrophage infiltration in different central nervous system (CNS) pathologies has been visualized with ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO) as a new cell‐specific contrast medium for MRI. However, validation of these findings at the histological level has been hampered by the fact that the in situ detection of iron uptake by conventional Prussian blue staining is not sensitive enough to detect low amounts of iron in the brain. Here, an improved method for the histochemical detection of USPIO uptake in ischemic brain lesions is reported. The procedure relies on the sequential enhancement of Prussian blue staining by diaminobenzidine and silver/gold impregnation. After photothrombotic cortical brain infarction, this method allowed sensitive in situ detection of iron‐laden macrophages which matched both macrophage immunostaining and USPIO‐induced signal alterations in high‐resolution 7 T MRI. This staining method provides a basis for correlative histological assessment of USPIO‐enhanced MRI in a broad spectrum of CNS pathologies. Magn Reson Med 52:403–406, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging oxygen consumption in forepaw somatosensory stimulation in rats under isoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Liu Zhaohui M. , Schmidt Karl F. , Sicard Kenneth M. , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) was dynamically evaluated on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis in isoflurane‐anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats following graded electrical somatosensory forepaw stimulations (4, 6, and 8mA). In contrast to α‐chloralose, which is the most widely used anesthetic in forepaw‐stimulation fMRI studies of rats under mechanical ventilation, isoflurane (1.1–1.2%) provided a stable anesthesia level over a prolonged period, without the need to adjust the ventilation volume/rate or sample blood gases. Combined cerebral blood flow signals (CBF) and blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) fMRI signals were simultaneously measured with the use of a multislice continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) technique (two‐coil setup). CMRO2 was calculated using the biophysical BOLD model of Ogawa et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:5951–5955). The stimulus‐evoked BOLD percent changes at 4, 6, and 8mA were, respectively, 0.5% ± 0.2%, 1.4% ± 0.3%, and 2.0% ± 0.3% (mean ± SD, N = 6). The CBF percent changes were 23% ± 6%, 58% ± 9%, and 87% ± 14%. The CMRO2 percent changes were 14% ± 4%, 24% ± 6%, and 43% ± 11%. BOLD, CBF, and CMRO2 activations were localized to the forepaw somatosensory cortices without evidence of plateau for oxygen consumption, indicative of partial coupling of CBF and CMRO2. This study describes a useful forepaw‐stimulation model for fMRI, and demonstrate that CMRO2 changes can be dynamically imaged on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis in a single setting with high spatiotemporal resolution. Magn Reson Med 52:277–285, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.