bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The UK Women's Cohort Study: comparison of vegetarians, fish-eaters and meat-eaters
Authors: Cade JE , Burley VJ , Greenwood DC ,   UK Women's Cohort Study Steering Group
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground:This paper describes the development of the UK Women's Cohort Study and presents cohort baseline characteristics.Methods:In total, 35 372 women, aged 35–69 years at recruitment, were selected to ensure a wide range of dietary intakes. Diet was assessed by a 217-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Detailed lifestyle information was collected by postal questionnaire. Vegetarians, fish-eaters and meat-eaters were compared.Results:The cohort women are mainly white, well-educated, middle-class and married with children. They are health-conscious with only 11% current smokers and 58% taking dietary supplements. Twenty-eight per cent of subjects self-report as being vegetarian and 1% as vegan. However, only 18% are defined as 'vegetarian' from the FFQ. Fat provides 32% of energy; vitamin and mineral intakes are high, with a broad range of intakes. Meat-eaters are older, with a higher body mass index (BMI) and the lowest intakes of carbohydrate, fibre, vitamin C, folate, iron and calcium. Other fish-eaters are similar to vegetarians. Vegetarians have the lowest intakes of protein, fat and saturated fat. Oily fish-eaters have the lowest BMI; are the least likely to smoke or use full-fat milk; and are the most likely to use dietary supplements and consume the most fruit and vegetables. Oily fish-eaters have the highest total energy intake and vegetarians the lowest. Semi-skimmed milk, bread, potatoes, wine, bananas and muesli are important contributors to energy for all groups.Conclusion:A large cohort of middle-aged women has been created encompassing a wide range of different eating patterns, including diets currently of interest to research into protection against cancer and coronary heart disease. Participants will be followed up to study the effects of different food and nutrient intakes on long-term health outcomes.
The association of diet and other lifestyle factors with the onset of overactive bladder: a longitudinal study in men
Authors: Dallosso Helen M , Matthews Ruth J , McGrother Catherine W , Donaldson Madeleine MK , Shaw Chris ,   Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Group
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective:To investigate associations between diet and non-dietary lifestyle factors and the onset of overactive bladder (OAB) in men.Subjects:Random sample of community-dwelling men aged 40 years plus.Design and methods: Baseline data on urinary symptoms and diet were collected from 5454 men using a postal questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire. Follow-up data on urinary symptoms were collected from 4887 men in a postal survey one year later. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate diet and lifestyle factors associated with onset of OAB in the men without OAB at baseline.Results:There was a highly significant negative association between beer intake at baseline and subsequent OAB onset (P = 0.001), with reduced risk at all levels of intake compared with those who seldom/never drank beer. Adjustment for total alcohol intake (g ethanol day−1) reduced the significance of the association (P = 0.02). None of the food groups studied was associated with OAB onset, with the possible exception of potatoes (P = 0.05), which showed an increased risk of onset at the highest level of consumption. Physical activity, smoking and obesity were not significantly associated.Conclusions:While most diet and lifestyle factors were not associated with OAB onset, the evidence from this prospective longitudinal study suggests that beer may have a protective role in the development of OAB. This could be due to a non-alcoholic ingredient as well as the alcohol content.
High alcohol consumption in Germany: results of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998
Authors: Burger Martina , Mensink Gert BM 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective:To analyse the alcohol consumption behaviour of the German adult population, with a focus on the characteristics of persons drinking more than the tolerable upper alcohol intake level (TUAL) of 10–12 g day−1 for healthy adult women and 20–24 g day−1 for healthy adult men.Design and setting: For the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998, a representative sample of free-living adults was drawn. A total of 7124 participants were interviewed comprehensively about their sociodemographic background, lifestyle and eating habits including alcohol consumption.Subjects:A sub-sample of 4030 women and men, 18–79 years old, who were involved in the integrated German Nutrition Survey.Results:About 16% of women and 31% of men had mean alcohol consumption above the TUAL. Among other factors, the inclination to exceed the TUAL was related to middle-age, high socio-economic status, smoking and use of soft drugs. Among both women and men, a high proportion of persons drinking above the TUAL was observed among those consuming low amounts of soft drinks, fruit, poultry, milk products, bread and cake/biscuits. Women preferred to drink wine, whereas men preferred to drink beer.Conclusions:Many Germans have an alcohol consumption level above the TUAL and thus are supposed to be at increased risk for alcohol-associated diseases.
Factors associated with the initiation of breast-feeding by Aboriginal mothers in Perth
Authors: Binns C , Gilchrist D , Gracey M , Zhang M , Scott J , Lee A 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectives:To identify the prevalence of breast-feeding at discharge and the determinants of breast-feeding initiation amongst Aboriginal women.Design:A prospective cohort study using a self-administered baseline questionnaire and telephone-administered follow-up interviews.Setting:Six hospitals with maternity wards in Perth, Western Australia.Subjects:Four hundred and twenty-five Aboriginal mothers of newborn infants.Results:At discharge, 89.4% of Aboriginal mothers were breast-feeding. Breast-feeding at discharge was most positively associated with perceived paternal support of breast-feeding, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 6.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.81–15.74), and with maternal age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.22), but negatively associated with parity and having delivered vaginally.Conclusion:The factors independently associated with breast-feeding at discharge were similar to those previously identified for a group of non-Aboriginal Perth women, suggesting that separate breast-feeding interventions specially targeted at Aboriginal women are not warranted. The findings do, however, highlight the importance of including the father in the breast-feeding discussions.
Secular and socio-economic trends in compliance with dietary targets in the north Glasgow MONICA population surveys 1986–1995: did social gradients widen?
Authors: Wrieden Wendy Louise , Connaghan John , Morrison Caroline , Tunstall-Pedoe Hugh 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective:To compare trends in the consumption of key foods over 10 years in the most deprived and least deprived quarters in north Glasgow, Scotland as defined by the Carstairs deprivation index for their postcode of domicile.Design:Four random, cross-sectional, age- and gender-stratified population surveys carried out in 1986, 1989, 1992 and 1995. After assigning a deprivation score, food-frequency questionnaires from 2883 men and 3127 women were examined for compliance with dietary targets, examining trends by gender and within the most and least deprived quarters of the population.Setting:North Glasgow, Scotland.Subjects:Over 600 men and 600 women (aged 25–64 years) in each of the four survey years who completed a lifestyle questionnaire including a food frequency section.Results:Increasing trends in the reported consumption of fruit and vegetables and oil-rich fish were observed over the 10-year period. However, the trend to increased fruit and vegetable consumption in the most deprived groups was not significant, and in 1995 only 8% of men and 12% of women in this group claimed consumption of these foods 4 or more times a day. In general, a higher percentage of those in the least deprived group met the targets for the key foods.Conclusions:Trends to increasing consumption of fruit and vegetables and fish were in the right direction, but the targets for consumption of certain key foods were met by a minority of the population. The progress towards the target for fruit and vegetables showed widening social gradients with time.
Flow Visualization Tools for Image Analysis of Capillary Networks
Authors: JAPEE SHRUTI A. , ELLIS CHRISTOPHER G. , PITTMAN ROLAND N. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTObjective: Video recordings of red blood cell (RBC) flow through capillary networks contain a considerable amount of information pertaining to oxygen transport through the microcirculation. Image analysis of these video recordings has been widely used to determine RBC dynamics (velocity, lineal density and supply rate) and oxygenation (Brunner et al., 2000; Ellis et al., 1990, 1992; Ellsworth et al., 1987; Klyscz et al., 1997; Pries 1988). However, not all capillaries in a given field of view are suitable for image analysis. Typically, capillary segments that are relatively straight and in sharp focus, and exhibit flow of individual RBCs that are well separated by plasma gaps, are good candidates for analysis. We have developed several image processing tools to aid in the selection of such capillaries for analysis and to obtain quick overviews of RBC flow through the microcirculation.Methods: Burgess et al. (Microcirc. 2:75, 1995) and Burkell et al. (Annals Biomed. Eng. 24:1, 1996; J. Vasc. Res. 35:2, 1998) have previously introduced mean and variance images to aid in the selection of capillaries for analysis. We have extended their concept and developed similar two dimensional visualization techniques for studies of RBC flow through capillary networks.Results: Five new methods of processing video data were developed. The minimum image highlights all capillaries containing RBCs in a given field of view. The maximum image identifies capillaries that exhibit high lineal density or stopped flow. The range image represents the difference between the maximum and minimum light intensity values that occur at a given pixel over a given time period, and helps to identify capillary segments that are in good focus and are perfused by RBCs and plasma. The difference image represents the cumulative sum of the square of differences in intensity values between consecutive frames and gives an indication of the frequency of passage of RBCs separated by plasma gaps. The transition image represents the number of times the intensity at a given pixel crosses a predefined threshold and indicates the number of RBCs (or trains of RBCs) that passes a given location during the observation period.Conclusions: The above flow visualization techniques are valuable tools to aid in the study of image focus, network geometry, RBC flow paths and dynamics, that can then be used in identifying capillaries for subsequent (separate) detailed analysis to provide quantitative information about RBC flow.
Enhancement of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Density in the Microcirculation of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: DE LANO FRANK A. , SCHMID‐SCHöNBEIN GEERT W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTObjective: Elevated blood pressure and abnormal physiological parameters in the microcirculation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) can be normalized by adrenalectomy. Thus glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids may have major control over blood pressure status and organ injury mechanisms in SHRs. As background, this study was designed to examine the distribution of the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in a microvascular network.Methods: Mature SHR and their normotensive controls, the Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rat, were studied. An immunohistochemical method was developed that provides a comprehensive display of the receptors in all segments of the mesentery microcirculation and the surrounding tissue parenchyma.Results: All cells in the mesentery exhibit immunolabeling of the glucocorticoid receptor with predominant expression in the nuclei of parenchymal and endothelial cells. The mineralocorticoid receptor is expressed also in most cells of the microcirculation and adjacent parenchymal tissue. Both receptors exhibit the highest levels of immunolabel in the wall of the arterioles and venules, with lower levels in capillaries. Compared with WKY rats, the SHRs exhibit significantly enhanced density of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in endothelial cells of arterioles and venules as well as in parenchymal cells.Conclusions: These results suggest that the enhanced sensitivity of the SHR to glucocorticoids and aldosterone may be in part associated with enhanced glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor densities in the microcirculation.
Database driven test case generation for protein–protein docking
Authors: Zöllner Frank , Neumann Steffen , Kummert Franz , Sagerer Gerhard 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Summary: We present a method for automatic test case generation for protein–protein docking. A consensus-type approach is proposed processing the whole PDB and classifying protein structures into complexes and unbound proteins by combining information from three different approaches (current PDB-at-a-glance classification, search of complexes by sequence identical unbound structures and chain naming). Out of this classification test cases are generated automatically. All calculations were run on the database. The information stored is available via a web interface. The user can choose several criteria for generating his own subset out of our test cases, e.g. for testing docking algorithms.
Availability: http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/agt-sdp/
Contact: fzoellne@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de
A simple procedure for estimating the false discovery rate
Authors: Dalmasso Cyril , Broët Philippe , Moreau Thierry 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Motivation: The most used criterion in microarray data analysis is nowadays the false discovery rate (FDR). In the framework of estimating procedures based on the marginal distribution of the P-values without any assumption on gene expression changes, estimators of the FDR are necessarily conservatively biased. Indeed, only an upper bound estimate can be obtained for the key quantity π0, which is the probability for a gene to be unmodified. In this paper, we propose a novel family of estimators for π0 that allows the calculation of FDR.
Results: The very simple method for estimating π0 called LBE (Location Based Estimator) is presented together with results on its variability. Simulation results indicate that the proposed estimator performs well in finite sample and has the best mean square error in most of the cases as compared with the procedures QVALUE, BUM and SPLOSH. The different procedures are then applied to real datasets.
Availability: The R function LBE is available at http://ifr69.vjf.inserm.fr/lbe
Contact: broet@vjf.inserm.fr
Image‐Guided Endoscopic Surgery: Results of Accuracy and Performance in a Multicenter Clinical Study Using an Electromagnetic Tracking System
Authors: Fried Marvin P. , Kleefield Jonathan , Gopal Harsha , Reardon Edward , Ho Bryan T. , Kuhn Frederick A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractImage‐guided surgery has recently been described in the literature as a useful technology for improved functional endoscopic sinus surgery localization. Image‐guided surgery yields accurate knowledge of the surgical field boundaries, allowing safer and more thorough sinus surgery. We have previously reviewed our initial experience with The InstaTrak System. This article presents a multicenter clinical study (n=55) that assesses the system's capability for localizing structures in critical surgical sites. The purpose of this paper is to present quantitative data on accuracy and performance. We describe several new advances including an automated registration technique that eliminates the redundant computed tomography scan, compensation for head movement, and the ability to use interchangeable instruments.
Interferon Gamma Expression in Human Nasal Polyps
Authors: Dellacono Frank R. , Eisma Roselle , Lafreniere Denis , Leonard Gerald , Kreutzer Donald 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOne feature among nasal polyps (NPs) is the predominance of lymphocytes and eosinophils. We hypothesize that elevated levels of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) activate lymphocytes and eosinophils within the NP microenvironment. Nasal polyps were evaluated for distribution and levels of IFN‐γ specimens from 27 patients with nasal polyposis and 4 controls. Immunohistochemical study revealed IFN‐γ staining of eosinophils, glandular cells, and epithelium (27 of 27 patients). ELISA analysis indicated elevated IFN‐γ levels in total NP tissues (25.6 ± 7.23 pg/mg total protein [TP]) compared with controls (16.27 ± 6.54 pg/mg TP).Three subpopulations were identified based on IFN‐γ levels: low IFN‐γ group (10.7 ± 5.51 pg/mg TP); medium IFN‐γ group (25.70 ± 5.90 pg/mg TP); and high IFN‐γ group(52.58 ± 10.29 pg/mg TP). The latter levels were approximately 3.5 times the control levels (P < 0.0025). Patients with previous polypectomy surgery showed higher levels of IFN‐γ compared with controls(P < 0.0423). A trend was found with increased IFN‐γ levels and allergy, asthma, and topical steroid use.
Intracellular Reservoir of Streptococcus pyogenes In Vivo: A Possible Explanation for Recurrent Pharyngotonsillitis
Authors: Österlund Anders , Popa Raul , Nikkilä Tapio , Scheynius Annika , Engstrand Lars 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNumerous theories have been presented that attempt to explain the frequent recurrences of pharyngotonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes; these recurrences occur after seemingly adequate antibiotic treatment. We previously have demonstrated that S pyogenes can survive for up to 7 days intracellularly in immortalized human respiratory epithelial cells grown in an antibiotic supplemented medium. Viable S pyogenes were externalized and established an extracellular infection, whenever the extracellular antibiotic was removed. We have investigated the presence of intracellular S pyogenes in two in vivo studies using respiratory epithelial cells collected from patients with tonsillitis and the tonsils of asymptomatic carriers. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry demonstrated intracellular S pyogenes in pharyngeal epithelial cells in 13 of 14 patients with tonsillitis (93%). Furthermore, intracellular S pyogenes were found in macrophage‐like cells in eight (73%) and in epithelial cells in four (36%) tonsils from 11 asymptomatic S pyogenes carriers. These in vivo data strongly support the hypothesis that intracellular S pyogenes can constitute a reservoir of bacteria with the potential to cause reinfections
Final Results of a Randomized Trial Comparing Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy With Chemotherapy Plus Surgery Plus Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Resectable Hypopharyngeal Carcinomas
Authors: Beauvillain C. , Mahé M. , Bourdin S. , Peuvrel P. , Bergerot P. , Rivière A. , Vignoud J. , Deraucourt D. , Wesoluch M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAfter neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a routine conservative approach followed by salvage surgery was evaluated in terms of local control and survival in cases of advanced potentially resectable hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Between 1985 and 1989, 92 patients with T3 or T4‐N0,N3 operable squamous cell hypopharyngeal carcinomas received three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy every 2 weeks involving a combination of cisplatin, 100 mg/m2, on day 1 and fluoruracil, 1 g/m2, on days 2 to 5, followed by total laryngopharyngectomy plus postoperative radiotherapy in 47 patients (arm A) or radiotherapy alone in 45 patients (arm B). Randomization was always performed prior to chemotherapy. The response rates of tumor and node to chemotherapy were, respectively, 67% in arm A versus 79% in arm B (P > 0.05) and 54% in arm A versus 73% in arm B (P > 0.05). Grade III or IV toxicity was similar, affecting 15% of patients and 7% of cycles in arm A versus 16% of patients and 6% of cycles in arm B. After a mean follow‐up of 92 months, survival was statistically better (P = 0.04) in arm A (5‐year overall survival, 37%; median survival, 40 months) than in arm B (19% and 20 months) because of a better local control rate (63% versus 39%; P < 0.01). Better results were obtained for mutilant surgery in terms of local control and overall survival, regardless of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Characterization of Novel Cell Lines From Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid Gland Established in a Collagen Gel System
Authors: Steiner Melissa G. , Kuhel William I. , Carew John F. , Huo Jerry , Hoda Syed A. , Staiano‐Coico Lisa , Schley W. Shain 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe pathobiology of salivary neoplasms can best be studied in a model system that reflects the native state of the tumor. The present study describes the use of a three‐dimensional collagen gel (organoid) system in which pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland were propagated in vitro. Five pleomorphic adenoma cultures were established as organoid gels and compared with touch‐preparations or cryopreserved specimens of native tumor. The organoid cultures demonstrated normal DNA content, the expression of myoepithelial cell proteins, and the production of sulfated acid mucins; these cellular and secretory features mimicked those found in the archival specimens. Further, organoid cultures of pleomorphic adenoma could be initiated after monolayer culture, demonstrating that culture on a plastic support does not alter the nature of the cells. Development of an in vitro culture system that maintains the native state of pleomorphic adenoma is an important tool for studying the pathobiology of these tumors.
Carotid Resection and Reconstruction for Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Katsuno Satoshi , Ishiyama Tetsuya , Sakaguchi Masanori , Takemae Hiroki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPatients with advanced cervical cancers often have direct invasion of their carotid arteries. The prognosis for these patients with nonsurgical therapy is extremely poor. Because complete tumor removal is the only therapy that can offer these patients a chance for cure, carotid resection should be performed. We performed carotid resection and reconstruction on nine patients with advanced cervical cancers. Of these patients, none suffered from severe neurologic postoperative complications such as permanent hemiplegia. Three of the nine patients have been disease free for more than 24 months. These three patients would not have survived without carotid resection. Further study will show the usefulness of carotid resection and reconstruction in decreasing the morbidity and mortality in patients with cervical cancer involving the carotid artery.