bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Synthesis of Disaccharides Containing the 2-Amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl Unit and l-Glycero-d-Manno- and 7-Deoxy-l-Glycero-d-Galacto-heptopyranoses
Authors: Martin Patrick , Lequart Vincent , Cecchelli Roméo , Boullanger Paul , Lafont Dominique , Banoub Joseph 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Stereocontrolled syntheses of immunologically relevant heptopyranose disaccharides were achieved in excellent yields by the trimethylsilyl triflate promoted glycosylation of the donor 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-N-allyloxycarbonyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose with the adequate acceptors.
Direct Attachment of Double-stranded DNA to Gold Surface for Preparation of Nano-structured Devices
Authors: Sumaoka Jun , Pan Fenggang , Nonaka Aya , Takeuchi Osamu , Shigekawa Hidemi , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
To the 5′-ends of two complementary oligonucleotides, 5′-mercapto-5′-deoxythymidine was introduced and reacted with the surface of either gold plate or colloidal gold particle. Well-defined Au(nanoparticle)/DNA-duplex/Au(plate) composite was fabricated in self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-hydroxy-1-undecanethiol. The current through this composite was measured by conductive probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM).
Hg2+-selective Fluorogenic Chemosensor Derived from 8-Aminoquinoline
Authors: Kim Young-Hee , Youk Jin Soo , Moon So Youn , Choe Jong-In , Chang Suk-Kyu 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
8-Aminoquinoline-based benzothiazole derivative 3 showed distinctive Hg2+-selective fluoroionophoric properties over other transition metal ions. The fluorescence emission at 580 nm was completely quenched upon complexation with 100 equiv. of Hg2+ ions in dioxane–H2O system (9:1, v/v) and the selectivity was found to be Hg2+ &gt; Cu2+ &gt; other representative transition and heavy metal ions.
Preparation of Layered Li[Ni1⁄3Mn1⁄3Co1⁄3]O2 as a Cathode for Lithium Secondary Battery by Carbonate Coprecipitation Method
Authors: Cho Tae-hyung , Park Sang-mok , Yoshio Masaki 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Layered Li[Mn1⁄3Ni1⁄3Co1⁄3]O2 cathode material was synthesized by carbonate coprecipitation method. SEM observation and X-ray diffraction experiment showed that the material with spherical particle morphology was successfully synthesized by the method. The cathode material delivered 180 mAh/g as an initial discharge capacity at 0.2 mA/cm2 and showed high average capacity retention ratio of 99.85%/cycle over 40 cycles.
Novel Electron-Beam Molecular Resists with High Resolution and High Sensitivity for Nanometer Lithography
Authors: Kadota Toshiaki , Kageyama Hiroshi , Wakaya Fujio , Gamo Kenji , Shirota Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A novel class of chemically-amplified, electron-beam molecular resists for nanometer lithography were created. These molecular resists functioned as positive resists in the presence of an acid generator, exhibiting a high sensitivity of ≈2 μC cm−2 and enabling the fabrication of ≈25 nm line patterns.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Crystals in Homogeneous Mixture of Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, and Water
Authors: Sue Kiwamu , Kimura Kazuhito , Murata Kenji , Arai Kunio 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide crystals in supercritical formic acid (FA) solutions was carried out at 400 °C. Increasing FA concentration from 0.0 to 1.0 mol·kg−1 gave hexagonal plates, hexagonal pillars, and tube-like shapes. Depending on FA concentration, relative intensity of emission spectra at around 500 nm increased from 0.53 to 1.0, peak at 388 nm shifted to 393 nm, and atomic ratio O/(O + Zn) decreased from 49 to 38%.
Formation of a Three-Dimensional (3D) Structure of Nanoparticles Using Langmuir–Blodgett Method
Authors: Zhou Xuehua , Liu Chunyan , Zhang Zhiying , Jiang Long , Li Jinru 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A new approach was proposed to prepare 3D structure of nanoparticles. A kind of ordered superlattice of nanogold was created layer by layer by LB technique. The UV–vis spectra monitored its formation. The TEM images and small-angle X-ray diffraction confirmed the ordered structure.
Intercalation of Mercaptocarboxylic Acid into Layered Double Hydroxide Accompanied with Oxidation of Mercapto Group
Authors: Nakayama Hirokazu , Hirami Souichiro , Tsuhako Mitsutomo 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The intercalation of mercaptocarboxylic acids into magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) was accompanied with the oxidation of mercapto groups in aqueous solution as evidenced by 13C solid-state NMR and Raman scattering measurements. The layers of LDH were bridged by two carboxylic groups of the corresponding disulfide, which was formed by the oxidation of mercaptocarboxylic acids.
Structure, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of 14-Methoxy-1,2-dehydrocacalol Methyl Ether, a New Modified Furanoeremophilane Type Sesquiterpene from Trichilia cuneata
Authors: Doe Matsumi , Hirai Yoshinori , Kinoshita Takamasa , Shibata Kozo , Haraguchi Hiroyuki , Morimoto Yoshiki 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A new modified furanoeremophilane type sesquiterpene, (+)-14-methoxy-1,2-dehydrocacalol methyl ether (2), isolated from Trichilia cuneata exhibited inhibitory activity for mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. The first total synthesis of (±)-2 and two related sesquiterpenes, (±)-14-hydroxycacalol methyl ether (7) and 14-methoxydehydrocacalohastine (8), has also been achieved.
9.4 T and 7.05 T Magnetic Fields Accelerate a Radical Oxidation Reaction with a Hypervalent (tert-Butylperoxy)iodane
Authors: Iba Kaori , Fukuyoshi Shu-ichi , Kusumi Takenori 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Strong magnetic fields produced by NMR spectrometers (300 and 400 MHz) accelerate the radical oxidation of isochroman with a hypervalent (tert-butylperoxy)iodane.
Novel Lamellar Mesostructured Zinc Sulfide Nanofibers
Authors: Li Junping , Xu Yao , Wu Dong , Sun Yuhan 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
ZnS nanofibers with lamellar mesostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Zn(Ac)2 and Na2S using neutral n-alkylamines (alkyl = C8–C16) as structure-directing template and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as stabilizer.
Controllable Morphology Formation of Gold Nano- and Micro-plates in Amphiphilic Block Copolymer-based Liquid Crystalline Phase
Authors: Wang Luyan , Chen Xiao , Zhan Jie , Sui Zhenming , Zhao Jikuan , Sun Zhenwen 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A new and simple method is used to control formation of gold nanoparticles in lyotropic liquid crystal. Triangular or hexagonal nano- and micro-plates can be obtained in PEO–PPO–PEO-based hexagonal liquid crystals after adding a small amount of cationic surfactant, CTAB. All plates are single crystals and mostly characterized by orientation along the [-111] direction. Their sizes are even longer than 10 μm. The selective adsorption of CTAB on certain crystallographic facets is the main point of supposed mechanism.
Novel Dimerization, Alkoxylation, and Sulfidation of Olefins Catalyzed by RuCl3·nH2O
Authors: Higashimura Mitsuteru , Imamura Keita , Yokogawa Yukiko , Sakakibara Tsutomu 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Novel ruthenium-catalyzed reactions that employ ruthenium trichloride n-hydrate (RuCl3·nH2O) were investigated and dimerization, alkoxylation and sulfidation of olefins were noted. Adducts of Markovnikov type and anti-Markovnikov type were obtained in a stereospecific manner and in good yield, depending on the type of olefins used as the starting materials.
D-Dimer Testing for Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Metaanalysis
Authors: Heim Steven W , Schectman Joel M , Siadaty Mir S , Philbrick John T 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground: The use of D-dimer assays as a rule-out test for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is controversial. To clarify this issue we performed a systematic review of the relevant literature.Methods: We identified eligible studies, using MEDLINE entries from February 1995 through October 2003, supplemented by a review of bibliographies of relevant articles. Studies reporting accuracy evaluations comparing D-dimer test results with lower extremity ultrasound or venography in symptomatic patients with suspected acute DVT were selected for review. Two reviewers critically appraised each study independently according to previously established methodologic standards for diagnostic test research. Those studies judged to be of highest quality were designated Level 1.Results: The 23 Level 1 studies reported data on 21 different D-dimer assays. There was wide variation in assay sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values, and major differences in methodology of reviewed studies. A multivariate analysis of assay performance, controlling for sample size, DVT prevalence, reference standard, and patient mix, found few differences among the assays in effect on test performance as measured by diagnostic odds ratio. Increasing prevalence of DVT was associated with poorer test performance (P = 0.01), whereas the choice of venography as the reference standard was associated with better test performance (P &lt;0.005).Conclusions: Explanations for the wide variation in assay performance include differences in biochemical and technical characteristics of the assays, heterogeneity and small size of patient groups, and bias introduced by choice of reference standards. Assay sensitivity and negative predictive value were frequently &lt;90%, uncharacteristic of a good rule-out test. General use of D-dimer assays as a stand-alone test for the diagnosis of DVT is not supported by the literature.
Eine komponentenorientierte Vorgehensweise zur Modellierung von Websites (A Component-Oriented Methodology for Modeling Websites)
Authors: Wissen Michael 
Published: May 2004

Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung webbasierter Informationssysteme ist in ihrer Komplexität gleichbedeutend mit dem Entwurf und der Umsetzung konventioneller Software. Dennoch finden Ansätze des Software Engineering in der Entwicklungspraxis bislang keine Berücksichtigung, d. h. ein systematisches Vorgehen unter Einbeziehung von Modellierungsaspekten wird dem Entwicklungsprozess webbasierter Anwendungen nicht zugrunde gelegt. Dies hat nicht nur nachteilige Auswirkungen auf die Qualität der Anwendung, sondern führt aufgrund der hohen Änderungsdynamik webbasierter Anwendungen sowie komplexer Navigationsbeziehungen und Inhaltsstrukturen vor allem zu hohen Pflege- und Wartungsaufwänden. Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert den Entwicklungsprozess webbasierter Anwendungen, der in Analogie zu Ansätzen des Software Engineering in unterschiedliche Entwurfsbereiche unterteilt werden soll. Zu den einzelnen Bearbeitungsphasen werden verschiedene Entwurfsmodelle vorgestellt, die auf der Grundlage einer Informations- und Metadatenstruktur den Aufbau eines Navigations-, Sichten- und Präsentationsmodells einer Website unterstützen.
REFLECTIONS ON WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT THROUGH LOCAL REPRESENTATION IN SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Chin Mikyung 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
After the introduction of local autonomy, Korean feminists advocated women's participation in local politics based on life politics and spillover effect. While life politics relies on unverified gender differences, spillover effect is invalid due to the centralized political system. Therefore, local strategy needs to be supplemented with a national strategy.
Associations Between Annual Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy Loss and Prescription Drug Spending and Use
Authors: Fung Vicki , Price Mary , Cheng David , Patel Tej A. , Yang Zhiyou , Hsu John , Alegria Margarita , Newhouse Joseph P. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe Medicare Part D Low Income Subsidy (LIS) program provides millions of beneficiaries with drug plan premium and cost-sharing assistance. The extent to which LIS recipients experience subsidy losses with annual redetermination cycles and the resulting associations with prescription drug affordability and use are unknown.ObjectiveTo examine how frequently annual LIS benefits are lost among Medicare Part D beneficiaries and how this is associated with prescription drug use and out-of-pocket costs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study of Medicare Part D beneficiaries from 2007 to 2018, annual changes in LIS recipients among those automatically deemed eligible (eg, due to dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid) and nondeemed beneficiaries who must apply for LIS benefits were analyzed using Medicare enrollment and Part D event data. Subsidy losses were classified in 4 groups: temporary losses (&amp;lt;1 year); extended losses (≥1 year); subsidy reductions (change to partial LIS); and disenrollment from Medicare Part D after subsidy loss. Temporary losses could more likely represent subsidy losses among eligible beneficiaries. Multinomial logit models were used to examine associations between beneficiary characteristics and subsidy loss; linear regression models were used to compare changes in prescription drug cost and use in the months after subsidy losses vs before. Analyses were conducted between November 2022 and November 2023.ExposureSubsidy loss at the beginning of each year among subsidy recipients in December of the prior year.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were out-of-pocket costs and prescription drug fills overall and for 4 classes: antidiabetes, antilipid, antidepressant, and antipsychotic drugs.ResultsIn 2008, 731 070 full LIS beneficiaries (17%) were not deemed automatically eligible (39% were aged &amp;lt;65 years; 59% were female). Nearly all beneficiaries deemed automatically eligible (≥99%) retained the subsidy annually from 2007 to 2018, compared with 78% to 84% of nondeemed beneficiaries. Among nondeemed beneficiaries, disabled individuals younger than 65 years and racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to have temporary subsidy losses vs none. Temporary losses were associated with an average 700% increase in out-of-pocket drug costs (+$52.72/mo [95% CI, 52.52-52.92]) and 15% reductions in prescription fills (−0.58 fills/mo [95% CI, −0.59 to −0.57]) overall. Similar changes were found for antidiabetes, antilipid, antidepressant, and antipsychotic prescription drug classes. Beneficiaries who retained their subsidy had few changes.Conclusions and RelevanceThe conclusions of this cohort study suggest that efforts to help eligible beneficiaries retain Medicare Part D subsidies could improve drug affordability, treatment adherence, and reduce disparities in medication access.
Approaching Standardization: Mechanical Material Testing of Macroscopic Two‐Photon Polymerized Specimens
Authors: Koch Thomas , Zhang Wenxin , Tran Thomas T. , Wang Yingjin , Mikitisin Adrian , Puchhammer Jakob , Greer Julia R. , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Chalupa‐Gantner Franziska , Lunzer Markus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization (2PP) is becoming increasingly established as additive manufacturing technology for microfabrication due to its high‐resolution and the feasibility of generating complex parts. Until now, the high resolution of 2PP is also its bottleneck, as it limited throughput and therefore restricted the application to the production of microparts. Thus, mechanical properties of 2PP materials can only be characterized using nonstandardized specialized microtesting methods. Due to recent advances in 2PP technology, it is now possible to produce parts in the size of several millimeters to even centimeters, finally permitting the fabrication of macrosized testing specimens. Besides suitable hardware systems, 2PP materials exhibiting favorable mechanical properties that allow printing of up‐scaled parts are strongly demanded. In this work, the up‐scalability of three different photopolymers is investigated using a high‐throughput 2PP system and low numerical aperture optics. Testing specimens in the cm‐range are produced and tested with common or even standardized material testing methods available in conventionally equipped polymer testing labs. Examples of the characterization of mechanical, thermo‐mechanical, and fracture properties of 2PP processed materials are shown. Additionally, aspects such as postprocessing and aging are investigated. This lays a foundation for future expansion of the 2PP technology to broader industrial application.
Metastabilizing the Ruthenium Clusters by Interfacial Oxygen Vacancies for Boosted Water Splitting Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Ya , Liu Yaoda , Zhai Wenfang , Liu Hang , Sakthivel Thangavel , Guo Shengwu , Dai Zhengfei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal–support interaction (MSI) is witnessed as an essential manner to stabilize active metals and tune catalytic activity for heterogonous water splitting. Kinetically driving the water electrolysis (WE) appeals for a rational MSI system with the coupled electron‐donating/accepting (e‐D/A) characters for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER). However, the metal stabilization effect by MSI will in turn restrict the deblocking of e‐D/A properties and challenge the full electrocatalytic optimization. This study profiles a heterostructure featuring metastable Ru clusters on defective NiFe hydroxide (Ru/d‐NiFe LDH) support as a low‐precious (≈2 wt%) catalytic platform for efficient WE. It is indicated that the interfacial oxygen vacancies can deviate the stable Ru 4d5 orbit to a metastable Ru2+δ state, and regulate the metal d‐band center levels toward the facilitated HER/OER processes. Resultantly, the Ru/d‐NiFe LDH heterostructure attains the ultralow overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 for Pt‐beyond alkaline HER (18 mV) and OER (220 mV) with fast kinetics and durability. The symmetrical water electrolyzer delivers a promising voltage of 1.49 V at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH and efficient seawater splitting performance. This work carries interesting opportunities in rationalizing sophisticated metal‐support electrocatalysts through metal‐site metastabilization engineering.
Misconceptions and meat: The impact of new knowledge on meat demand
Authors: Yang Ruoye , Raper Kellie Curry 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFood labeling is intended to clarify information for consumers, yet sometimes labeling can be misleading. This study examines US consumer choice for labeled and unlabeled products across meat animal species in which differing regulations exist by species regarding hormone use in production and where consumer perception of hormone use by species varies. In the case of hormone use in US meat animal production, pork and poultry products labeled as being produced with no added hormones must also state that federal regulations prohibit the use of hormones in production. However, this required information is often obscured on retail labels. Results from expected utility models indicate that after consumers receive information regarding regulations and actual hormone use across species, the difference in utility and in willingness to pay for products labeled “produced with no added hormones” versus unlabeled product is lower for products where hormone use is restricted by federal regulations [EconLit Citations: Q13, D12, Q18].
Controlling the Phase Transformation of Alumina for Enhanced Stability and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Jang Sejin , Gun Oh Dong , Kim Haneul , Hyun Kim Kwang , Khivantsev Konstantin , Kovarik Libor , Hun Kwak Ja 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent transition alumina catalysts require the presence of significant amounts of toxic, environmentally deleterious dopants for their stabilization. Herein, we report a simple and novel strategy to engineer transition aluminas to withstand aging temperatures up to 1200 °C without inducing the transformation to low‐surface‐area α‐Al2O3 and without requiring dopants. By judiciously optimizing the abundance of dominant facets and the interparticle distance, we can control the temperature of the phase transformation from θ‐Al2O3 to α‐Al2O3 and the specific surface sites on the latter. These specific surface sites provide favorable interactions with supported metal catalysts, leading to improved metal dispersion and greatly enhanced catalytic activity for hydrocarbon oxidation. The results presented herein not only provide molecular‐level insights into the critical factors causing deactivation and phase transformation of aluminas but also pave the way for the development of catalysts with improved activity for catalytic hydrocarbon oxidation.
Response surface methodology optimization of extraction and enrichment conditions of total triterpenoid saponins from Celosiae Semen and evaluation of its lipid‐lowering activity
Authors: Yang Lu‐Lu , Zhou Qi‐Qi , Fan Song , Liu Chun‐Lu , Li Hui‐Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe saponin‐enriched extract from Celosiae Semen is a promising resource owing to its lipid‐lowering activity. However, triterpenoid saponins are difficult to extract owing to their high molecular weight and strong water solubility. The aim of this paper was to explore an eco‐friendly and effective technology of extraction and enrichment of total triterpenoid saponins to obtain high lipid‐lowering fractions. Initially, Box–Behnken design experiments were employed to optimize the heat reflux extraction process on the basic of mono‐factor experiments. Afterwards, the crude extract was further purified using D‐101 resin, and the purification parameters were investigated based on adsorption/desorption experiments and biological activity assay. Under optimal conditions, the purity of the finally obtained total triterpenoid saponins was increased by 7.28‐fold. The lipid‐lowering activities of the six main triterpenoid saponins were evaluated in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. The results of Oil Red O staining showed that the compounds all exhibited potential lipid‐lowering activity. The structure–activity relationship analysis suggested that the oligosaccharide chain at C‐28 played an essential role in their lipid‐lowering activity and the substituent group at C‐23 site also showed important effects. The optimal extraction and purification methods may facilitate the utilization of Celosiae Semen for the industrial production as a functional food and drug.
Quantitative Analysis of Bioaccessible Phenolic Compounds in Aegean Bee Bread Using LC‐HRMS Coupled with a Human Digestive System Model
Authors: Erol Ebru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBee bread, a valuable bee product that has recently attracted significant public interest as a nutritional supplement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of phenolic compounds in bee bread samples from the Aegean Region and assess their bioaccessibility using a simulated human digestion model. Various extraction techniques, such as maceration, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction were employed to obtain extracts of bee bread. The antioxidant capabilities of these extracts were carried out using assays like DPPH⋅, ABTS⋅+, CUPRAC, and β‐carotene linoleic acid bleaching, and their effectiveness was quantified through IC50 values. The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was analysed by using LC‐HRMS in a simulated human digestive system using ethanol extracts obtained from bee bread samples of each season by ultrasound‐assisted extraction, which has the highest antioxidant activity. In the Aegean bee bread, a total of 25 phenolic compounds which were major phenolics including quercetin, ascorbic acid, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and hyperoside were identified and quantified. Also, ascorbic acid was the one of the most bioaccessible compounds with the bioaccessibility index 35.38 % for 2021, 16.79 % for 2022. These findings underscore the substantial transformation of the phenolic profile of bee bread as it traverses the human digestive system.