bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carious typodont teeth's effectiveness in pre‐doctoral SIM lab to reinforce operative learning
Authors: Lee Brian Chieng , Lee June Hee , Abed Nejleh , Perkins Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe concept of ideal preparations in dental schools are highly emphasized during the first two years of students’ learning. However, students do not have as much opportunity to practice skills that would prepare them for real‐life stituations such as non‐ideal preparations and caries removal.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the benefits of utilizing carious typodont teeth in the Operative curriculum for first‐ and second‐year UCSF dental studentsMethodsThis study was completed by hosting a workshop in which the students performed a Class II preparation on #19 carious typodont tooth. The students filled out pre‐ and post‐surveys with questions about their confidence with performing a preparation and their opinions on the current curriculum.ResultsThe pre‐survey responses showed that the majority of the first‐ and second‐year students did not believe that the traditional non‐carious typodont teeth were a good representation of prepping on real, carious teeth. The pre‐survey responses also showed that most of the first‐ and second‐year students thought that the addition of carious typodont teeth would improve their learning experience. The post‐survey results displayed that the majority of the students thought that prepping carious typodont teeth helped to better reinforce concepts such as preparation design, taught them the difference between ideal and non‐ideal preparations, and allowed them to better understand tooth anatomy with the addition of the dentin layer.ConclusionThe use of the carious typodont teeth in pre‐clinical operative lab was found to be beneficial to first‐ and second‐year UCSF student’s learning based on the pre‐ and post‐survey results.
The imperative for quality control programs in Monkeypox virus DNA testing by PCR: CIBERINFEC quality control
Authors: de Salazar Adolfo , Martínez Miguel J. , Navero‐Castillejos Jessica , Negredo Anabel , Galán Juan Carlos , Rojo Molinero Estrella , Lagarejos Eduardo , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen , Hernández Rodríguez Águeda , Lepe José Antonio , Antón Pagarolas Andrés , Pérez Castro Sonia , Zamora Cintas María Isabel , Domínguez‐Gil González Marta , Niubó‐Bosch Jordi , Gutiérrez Arroyo Almudena , Vazquez Ana , García Federico , Sánchez‐Seco Fariñas María Paz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo evaluate molecular assays for Mpox diagnosis available in various clinical microbiology services in Spain through a quality control (QC) approach. A total of 14 centers from across Spain participated in the study. The Reference Laboratory dispatched eight serum samples and eight nucleic acid extracts to each participating center. Some samples were spiked with Mpox or Vaccinia virus to mimic positive samples for Mpox or other orthopox viruses. Participating centers provided information on the results obtained, as well as the laboratory methods used. Among the 14 participating centers seven different commercial assays were employed, with the most commonly used kit being LightMix Modular Orthopox/Monkeypox (Mpox) Virus (Roche®). Of the 12 centers conducting Mpox determinations, concordance ranged from 62.5% (n = 1) to 100% (n = 11) for eluates and from 75.0% (n = 1) to 100% (n = 10) for serum. Among the 10 centers performing Orthopoxvirus determinations, a 100% concordance was observed for eluates, while for serum, concordance ranged from 87.5% (n = 6) to 100% (n = 4). Repeatedly, 6 different centers reported a false negative in serum samples for Orthopoxvirus diagnosis, particularly in a sample with borderline Ct = 39. Conversely, one center, using the TaqMan™ Mpox Virus Microbe Detection Assay (Thermo Fisher), reported false positives in Mpox diagnosis for samples spiked with vaccinia virus due to cross‐reactions. We observed a positive correlation of various diagnostic assays for Mpox used by the participating centers with the reference values. Our results highlight the significance of standardization, validation, and ongoing QC in the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases, which might be particularly relevant for emerging viruses.
Prediction of South China Sea summer monsoon onset in the CAMS‐CSM climate forecast system
Authors: Han Tongxin , Wang Lijuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBased on a set of hindcast experiments from 2011 to 2020, the prediction skills of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science Climate System Model (CAMS‐CSM) climate forecast system (CFS) on the abrupt changes and characteristic processes associated with the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) establishment are evaluated. We studied predictions for three different lead times, that is, LT1‐30, LT31‐60 and LT61‐90. The CAMS‐CSM CFS captures the climatological SCSSM onset date at all lead times, while the prediction skill of the SCSSM onset index decreases with the increasing lead times. The features of abrupt changes and characteristic processes related to the SCSSM establishment can be generally reproduced in the predictions, but different biases exist at three lead times. Besides, the CAMS‐CSM CFS provides higher skill on the transition of the zonal wind shear (ZWS) than that of meridional temperature difference (MTG). The transition date of MTG can only be accurately predicted at LT1‐30, indicating the limited ability of predicting temperature. Further results confirm that the CFS cannot well capture the eastward withdrawal of the western North Pacific subtropical high on late onset years, thereby leading a poorer prediction skill than early onset years. In addition, skillful prediction on the eastward extension of westerlies from the equatorial Indian Ocean to SCS also contributes to increase predictability of SCSSM onset.
Intracapsular Versus Total Tonsillectomy in Patients with Trisomy 21
Authors: Timashpolsky Alisa , Aggarwal Ashna , Ruiz Ryan , Devine Conor 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesIntracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (iTA) has become a popular alternative to extracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TT) for the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to improved recovery and fewer complications. The objective of this study was to compare surgical recovery and impact on OSA of iTA versus TT in patients with Trisomy 21 (T21).MethodsThis is a case series with chart review of all T21 patients who underwent iTA or TT at our institution between July 1, 2015 and August 15, 2022. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, preoperative sleep studies, intraoperative data, complications and recovery, postoperative sleep studies, and follow‐up data.ResultsThere were 62 (21.7%) patients who underwent iTA and 224 (78.3%) patients who underwent TT. The iTA group had significantly lower pain scores (p < 0.001), decreased use of narcotics (p < 0.001), shorter length of stay (p = 0.003), and faster return to oral intake (p = 0.01) during their postoperative hospital admission, and fewer 30‐day complications (p = 0.009) compared to the TA group. Both groups showed significant improvements in their sleep studies. For 41 (66.1%) of iTA patients who had follow‐up, median follow‐up was 1.8 years and for 169 (75.4%) TT patients, median follow‐up was 2.6 years. At follow‐up, 21 of 41 (51.2%) iTA patients and 83 of 169 (49.1%) TT patients exhibited OSA symptoms (p = 0.084) and tonsillar regrowth was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.12).ConclusionPatients with T21 experience less pain and fewer postoperative respiratory complications from iTA than from TT. The short‐term impact of iTA versus TT on OSA, as measured by poysomnography, does not differ between the two techniques.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2430–2437, 2024
Levodopa‐Entacapone‐Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Treatment in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Single‐Center Study of 30 Patients
Authors: Viljaharju Vili , Mertsalmi Tuomas , Pauls K. Amande M. , Koivu Maija , Eerola‐Rautio Johanna , Udd Marianne , Pekkonen Eero 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLevodopa‐entacapone‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) is a novel device assisted treatment option for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been available in Finland since 2020. There is paucity of scientific studies considering LECIG treatment in clinical practice.ObjectivesObjectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in medication, adverse events and early discontinuations of LECIG treatment in real life clinical practice.MethodsThe records of 30 consecutive patients, who received LECIG between years 2020 and 2022 in Helsinki University Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Data considering changes in medication, discontinuations, and adverse events during the first six months of LECIG treatment was collected.ResultsMean levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) rose significantly between baseline before LECIG and six months with treatment (1230 mg vs. 1570 mg, P = 0.001). Three patients were discarded during nasojejunal tube test phase and seven discontinued the treatment during six‐month follow‐up. Most common reasons for discontinuation were difficulty in finding suitable infusion rate and neuropsychiatric problems. Safety issues encountered were similar to those reported with levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment. One case of rhabdomyolysis due to severe dyskinesia during LECIG treatment was observed. Patients were satisfied with the small size of the pump system.ConclusionsLEDD seems to increase during the first months of LECIG treatment. When compared to studies on LCIG, safety profile of LECIG appears similar, but early discontinuation rate is higher than expected. However, long‐term studies are lacking. Only clear advantage to LCIG appears to be the smaller LECIG pump size.
Allele‐specific long‐range sequencing as a method for ABO haplotyping in clinical blood group diagnosis and immunohematology research
Authors: Matzhold Eva Maria , Drexler‐Helmberg Camilla , Helmberg Wolfgang , Wagner Andrea , Wagner Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSafe transfusion therapy requires accurate testing of blood donors and recipients to determine their ABO blood group compatibility. Genotyping does not always clarify serological blood typing discrepancies and conventional PCR methods are not suitable to identify ABO haplotypes. Therefore, an allele‐specific long‐range sequencing‐based typing method was established.MethodsStudy samples (n = 100) and six patient samples were ABO phenotyped and screened for specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ABO gene. Based on identified heterozygous SNPs in intron 1 (12897G>A), 2 (437C>T) or 4 (102C>A, 1511G>T) both ABO alleles were investigated separately using a high‐fidelity long‐range PCR system and Sanger sequencing. The alleles were correlated to the ABO phenotypes determined.ResultsDirect sequencing of allelic PCR products up to 6743 bases has been successful in discriminating common combinations of the ABO*A1.01, ABO*A2.01, ABO*B.01, ABO*O.01.01, ABO*O.01.02 and ABO*O.02.01 alleles. 10 out of 64 haplotypes were found to be not previously described. The uncommon ABO*AW.31.01 and the unusual O alleles ABO*O.05 and ABO*O.02.03 alleles were detected in patient samples, resolving the initial inconclusive serologic ABO typing results.ConclusionThis method is an effective tool for analyzing ABO haplotypes. Applicable for ABO molecular diagnostics and immunohematology research it may help to improve pre‐transfusion blood type testing.
Coping among Black college women: A transformative study of gendered racism
Authors: Burton Wanda M. , Ezemenaka Christina , Jaiswal Jessica , Guyotte Kelly W. , Sanders Angelia M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBlack women in the United States are placed at higher risk for mental health challenges, including distress and depression, due to structural inequities. Black college women enrolled in predominantly White institutions may be particularly exposed to stressors related to gendered racism, but there is limited knowledge about this population's coping strategies. A cross‐sectional survey and focus group were utilized to understand and disrupt participants’ experiences of gendered racism. In phase one, a survey assessing coping strategies and mental health outcomes was conducted with 168 Black women enrolled at a predominantly White institution in the southeastern United States. Logistic regression results indicated that several coping strategies including behavioral disengagement, self‐blame, self‐distraction, denial, and positive reframing were significantly associated with depression and psychological distress, all p < 0.05. Phase two included a single focus group with a subset of the sample from phase one. The focus group findings supplemented the survey results, suggesting education (more accurately consciousness‐raising) as a foundational theme that seemed to create space for humor and social support as coping subthemes and created a transformative space where participants spoke openly about gendered racism. Findings from this study highlight the societal underpinnings that shape Black college women's experiences of gendered racism. College settings should endeavor to provide formal and informal support for Black women to minimize the harms related to gendered racism.
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Authors: Whba Rawdah , Su'ait Mohd Sukor , Ibrahim Salmiah , Ahmad Azizan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Research Article Epoxidized natural rubber‐graft‐acrylonitrile (ENR‐g‐ACN)‐based solid polymer electrolytes for energy storage application by Rawdah Whba et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6557.
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Functional analysis of Salix purpurea genes support roles for ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulators of sex determination
Authors: Hyden Brennan , Carper Dana L. , Abraham Paul E. , Yuan Guoliang , Yao Tao , Baumgart Leo , Zhang Yu , Chen Cindy , O'Malley Ronan , Chen Jin‐Gui , Yang Xiaohan , Hettich Robert L. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Smart Lawrence B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Salicaceae family is of growing interest in the study of dioecy in plants because the sex determination region (SDR) has been shown to be highly dynamic, with differing locations and heterogametic systems between species. Without the ability to transform and regenerate Salix in tissue culture, previous studies investigating the mechanisms regulating sex in the genus Salix have been limited to genome resequencing and differential gene expression, which are mostly descriptive in nature, and functional validation of candidate sex determination genes has not yet been conducted. Here, we used Arabidopsis to functionally characterize a suite of previously identified candidate genes involved in sex determination and sex dimorphism in the bioenergy shrub willow Salix purpurea. Six candidate master regulator genes for sex determination were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, followed by floral proteome analysis. In addition, 11 transcription factors with predicted roles in mediating sex dimorphism downstream of the SDR were tested using DAP‐Seq in both male and female S. purpurea DNA. The results of this study provide further evidence to support models for the roles of ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulator genes of sex determination in S. purpurea, contributing to a regulatory system that is notably different from that of its sister genus Populus. Evidence was also obtained for the roles of two transcription factors, an AP2/ERF family gene and a homeodomain‐like transcription factor, in downstream regulation of sex dimorphism.
Lung cancer screening program factors that influence psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: McFadden Kathleen , Rankin Nicole M. , Nickel Brooke , Li Tong , Jennett Chloe J. , Sharman Ashleigh R. , Quaife Samantha L. , Dodd Rachael H. , Houssami Nehmat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesLung cancer screening (LCS) programs are being designed and implemented globally. Early data suggests that the psychosocial impacts of LCS are influenced by program factors, but evidence synthesis is needed. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the impact of service‐level factors on psychosocial outcomes to inform optimal LCS program design and future implementation.MethodsFour databases were searched from inception to July 2023. Inclusion criteria were full‐text articles published in English that reported an association between any program factors and psychosocial outcomes experienced during LCS. Study quality was appraised, and findings were synthesised narratively.ResultsThirty‐two articles were included; 29 studies were assessed at high or moderate risk of bias. Study designs were RCT (n = 3), pre‐post (n = 6), cross‐sectional (n = 12), mixed‐methods (n = 1), and qualitative (n = 10) studies, and conducted primarily in the USA (n = 25). Findings suggested that targeted interventions can improve smoking‐related or decisional psychosocial outcomes (e.g., smoking cessation interventions increase readiness/motivation to quit) but impacts of interventions on other psychological outcomes were varied. There was limited evidence reporting association between service delivery components and psychological outcomes, and results suggested moderation by individual aspects (e.g., expectation of results, baseline anxiety). Opportunities for discussion were key in reducing psychological harm.ConclusionsCertain program factors are reportedly associated with psychosocial impacts of LCS, but study heterogeneity and quality necessitate more real‐world studies. Future work should examine (a) implementation of targeted interventions and high‐value discussion during LCS, and (b) optimal methods and timing of risk and result communication, to improve psychosocial outcomes while reducing time burden for clinicians.
Thermal decomposition of fluorinated polymers used in plasticized explosives and munitions
Authors: Kominia Athina , Smith James L. , Sheehan Pamela , Oxley Jimmie C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA number of military explosives and munitions employ fluorinated polymers as binders or components, e. g., PBXN‐5. To determine potential environmental releases during disposal operations, the thermal decomposition of the fluorinated polymers Viton A, Kel‐F, and Teflon were examined alone and in combination with the explosive HMX. Although PBXN‐5 only contains 5 % by weight Viton A, laboratory prepared analogs were made with 5 % polymer as well as with 50 % polymer to ensure polymer decomposition products could be detected. Under air and under nitrogen decomposition was examined by SDT [simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)], TGA‐infrared (IR) spectrometry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis (GC‐MS). All three techniques, SDT, TGA‐IR, and pyrolysis GC‐MS, suggest that decomposition of HMX could be completed at low temperature before polymer decomposition ensues. To confirm this observation, pyrolysis GC‐MS was performed at temperatures below 350 °C since above this temperature all three polymers exhibited some fluorinated decomposition products.
Response of organic solvents to vitrification and electron exposure in cryo‐TEM experiments
Authors: Zhang Pilan , Du Haiqin , Cui Shiwen , Zhou Ping , Xu Yifei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) has impacted biology and materials science profoundly due to its power in studying aqueous specimens. However, it remains challenging to extend this technique to organic solvent systems as organic solvents are often difficult to vitrify and are unstable under electron beams. Here, we studied the response of the 23 most commonly used organic solvents to vitrification and electron exposure in cryo‐TEM experiments. Optimized vitrification method was determined for each of the solvents, and the electron tolerances of the solvents were thoroughly measured using high‐resolution imaging. Generic rules underlying the different performances of the solvents were discussed. Based on the rules, methods were developed to enhance the electron exposure stability of the organic solvents. Our results provide guidance for optimizing cryo‐TEM experiments on organic solvent specimens.
Efficient Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles Incorporating Pyrazole/Thiadiazine or Pyrazole/Thiadiazepine Fragments Using N‐Chlorosulfonyltrihaloacetimidoyl Chlorides
Authors: Shalimov Oleksandr , Kolotylo Mykola , Otsaliuk Dmytro , Shishkina Svitlana , Muzychka Oksana , Onys'ko Petro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel simple and effective method has been developed for constructing pyrazolothiadiazine and pyrazolothiadiazepine fused heterocycles incorporating an endocyclic sulfonamide fragment. The cyclocondensation of readily available N‐(chlorosulfonyl)imidoyl chlorides, RC(Cl)=NSO2Cl (R=CCl3, CF2Br), with N‐methyl‐substituted 4‐ or 5‐aminopyrazoles results in the formation of isomeric pyrazolothiadiazine‐S,S‐dioxides. Additionally, when 5‐ or 3‐aminoalkyl‐substituted pyrazoles are employed, they serve as 1,4‐N−C−C−C binucleophiles, leading to the synthesis of novel pyrazolothiadiazepine heterocycles. Notably, the trichloromethyl and bromodifluoromethyl substituents in these compounds can be converted into dichloromethyl and difluoromethyl groups, providing enhanced functionalization options.
Tuning [VO6] Octahedron of Ammonium Vanadates via F Incorporation for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhuang Yanling , Zong Quan , Wu Yuanzhe , Liu Chaofeng , Zhang Qilong , Tao Daiwen , Zhang Jingji , Wang Jiangying , Cao Guozhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of vanadium‐based materials as cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries are still restricted by low conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and poor structural stability. Herein, the [VO6] octahedron, as the basic unit of vanadium‐oxide layer of ammonium vanadates (NH4V4O10, denoted as NVO), is incorporated by F atoms to regulate the coordinated environment of vanadium. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results show that both physicochemical and electrochemical properties of NVO are improved by F‐doping. The enhanced electronic conductivity accelerates the electron transfer and the expanded interlayer spacing expedites the diffusion kinetics of zinc ions. As a result, the F‐doped NVO (F‐NVO) electrode shows a high discharge capacity (465 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), good rate capability (260 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and long‐term cycling stability (88% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 4 A g−1). The reaction kinetics and energy storage mechanism of F‐NVO are further validated by in situ and ex situ characterizations.