bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal scheduling for many-to-many on-orbit service manoeuvers considering variances in target accessibility
Authors: Zhang J. , Xia H. , Li L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, we delve into the optimal scheduling challenge for many-to-many on-orbit services, taking into account variations in target accessibility. The scenario assumes that each servicing satellite is equipped with singular or multiple service capabilities, tasked with providing on-orbit services to multiple targets, each characterised by distinct service requirements. The mission’s primary objective is to determine the optimal service sequence, orbital transfer duration and on-orbit service time for each servicing satellite, with the ultimate goal of minimising the overall cost. We frame the optimal scheduling dilemma as a time-related colored travelling salesman problem (TRCTSP) and propose an enhanced firefly algorithm (EFA) to address it. Finally, experimental results across various scenarios validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm. The principal contribution of this work lies in the modeling and resolution of the many-to-many on-orbit service challenge, considering accessibility variations — a domain that has, until now, remained unexplored.
On the performance of highly aggressive inter compressor ducts
Authors: Fritz S. , Hergt A. , Bresemann D. , Eck M. , Peitsch D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The enhancement of jet engine components may result in the expansion of the established design space. In particular, the trend towards short and therefore highly aggressive inter compressor ducts (ICD) extends the traditional design space. The potential for fuel savings resulting from a reduction in engine weight is in contrast to the emergence of a more complex flow field. Many studies consider the secondary flow system of highly aggressive ICDs at the design point, but there is a lack of off-design considerations. To fill this gap, the present study investigates in detail the off-design performance of the new German Aerospace Center (DLR) test case. Firstly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of different typical operating points allow detailed considerations of the flow field under off-design conditions. Secondly, a variation of the inlet conditions describes the sensitivity of highly aggressive ICDs to different low-pressure compressor operating points. Finally, the comparison of the CFD stagnation pressure loss with the loss predicted by a preliminary off-design method validates the use of traditional off-design prediction during the preliminary design of highly aggressive ICDs.
Assessing equity in preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections and surgical site infections in pediatric patients
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Levey Deena , Cheng Jenhao Jacob , Monteon Monica , Lee Annette , Harik Nada , Cora-Bramble Denice , Shah Rahul K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and surgical site infections (SSIs) are major healthcare-associated infections that can be prevented by consistently applying evidence-based infection prevention practices.

Objective:
To assess equity in preventing CLABSIs and SSIs in pediatric patients at a free-standing pediatric hospital, where evidence-based infection prevention practices are consistently implemented.

Methods:
This observational study evaluated 2 cohorts of pediatric patients under 18 years. The CLABSI cohort included inpatients with a central line between 1/1/2016 and 12/31/2022, and the SSI cohort included patients undergoing colon, ventricular shunt, or spinal fusion surgeries between 1/1/2016 and 10/31/2022. The CLABSI rate per 1000 central line days and SSI rate per 100 surgeries were compared across different racial, ethnic, and gender groups.

Results:
In the CLABSI cohort of 8575 patients, encompassing 243,803 central line days, there were 156 CLABSIs. There was no statistical difference in CLABSI rate across race, ethnicity, and/or gender groups. The SSI cohort included 68 SSIs among 1710 patients who underwent 2230 procedures, including 714 colon, 749 ventricular shunt, and 767 spinal fusion procedures. The SSI rate was statistically higher in multiracial (9.9) and Asian (8.6) groups, compared to Caucasian (2.4) and Black (2.2) groups. A nested case-control study of the SSI cohort showed a higher SSI rate in Asians, compared to Caucasians (Odds Ratio: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3–8.3).

Conclusions:
Equity in preventing CLABSIs is achievable through standardized central-line care. Further study is warranted to assess if improvement opportunities exist for achieving equity in preventing SSIs.
Benchmarking antimicrobial use to antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study of two hospitals using current National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) metrics
Authors: Santos Carlos A.Q. , Won Sarah Y. , Dwyer Ryan , Perez Caren , Trick William E. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
We aimed to determine whether benchmarking antimicrobial use (AU) to antimicrobial resistance (AR) using select AU/AR ratios is more informative than AU metrics in isolation.

Design:
We retrospectively measured AU (antimicrobial therapy days per 1,000 days present) and AU/AR ratios (specific antimicrobial therapy days per corresponding AR event) in two hospitals during 2020 through 2022. We then had antimicrobial stewardship committee members evaluate each AU and corresponding AU/AR value and indicate whether they believed it represented potential overuse, appropriate use, or potential underuse of the antimicrobials, or whether they could not provide an assessment.

Setting:
Two acute-care hospitals.

Patients:
Hospitalized patients.

Results:
In semi-annual facility-wide analyses, echinocandins had a median AU/AR ratio of 658.5 therapy days per fluconazole-resistant Candida event in Hospital A, IV vancomycin had a median AU/AR ratio of 114.9 and 108.2 therapy days per methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus event in Hospital A and B, respectively, and linezolid had a median AU/AR ratio of 33.8 and 88.0 therapy days per vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus event in Hospital A and B, respectively. When AU and AU/AR values were evaluated by stewardship committees, more respondents were able to assess antimicrobial use based on AU/AR values compared to AU values. Based on AU/AR ratios, most respondents identified potential overuse of echinocandins and IV vancomycin in Hospital A, and potential overuse of linezolid and IV vancomycin in Hospital B.

Conclusion:
Select AU/AR ratios provided informative metrics to antimicrobial stewardship personnel, which can be used to motivate audits of antimicrobial administration to determine appropriateness.
Investigating the psychology of eating after exercise — a scoping review
Authors: Porter Alice , Jago Russell , Robles Luke A , Cawley Elin , Rogers Peter J. , Ferriday Danielle , Brunstrom Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Increasing food intake or eating unhealthily after exercise may undermine attempts to manage weight, thereby contributing to poor population-level health. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the evidence on the psychology of changes to eating after exercise and explore why changes to eating after exercise occur. A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Search terms relating to exercise, eating behaviour, and compensatory eating were used. All study designs were included. Research in children, athletes, or animals was excluded. No country or date restrictions were applied. Twenty-three studies were identified. Ten experimental studies (nine acute, one chronic) manipulated the psychological experience of exercise, one intervention study directly targeted compensatory eating, seven studies used observational methods (e.g. diet diaries, 24-h recall) to directly measure compensatory eating after exercise, and five questionnaire studies measured beliefs about eating after exercise. Outcomes varied and included energy intake (kcal/kJ), portion size, food intake, food choice, food preference, dietary lapse, and self-reported compensatory eating. We found that increased consumption of energy-dense foods occurred after exercise when exercise was perceived as less enjoyable, less autonomous, or hard work. Personal beliefs, exercise motivation, and exercise enjoyment were key psychological determinants of changes to eating after exercise. Individuals may consume additional food to refuel their energy stores after exercise (psychological compensatory eating), or consume unhealthy or energy dense foods to reward themselves after exercise, especially if exercise is experienced negatively (post-exercise licensing), however the population-level prevalence of these behaviours is unknown.
$\Pi ^0_4$
CONSERVATION OF THE ORDERED VARIABLE WORD THEOREM
Authors: LE HOUÉROU QUENTIN , LEVY PATEY LUDOVIC 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A left-variable word over an alphabet A is a word over

$A \cup \{\star \}$

whose first letter is the distinguished symbol

$\star $

standing for a placeholder. The ordered variable word theorem (

$\mathsf {OVW}$

), also known as Carlson–Simpson’s theorem, is a tree partition theorem, stating that for every finite alphabet A and every finite coloring of the words over A, there exists a word

$c_0$

and an infinite sequence of left-variable words

$w_1, w_2, \dots $

such that

$\{ c_0 \cdot w_1[a_1] \cdot \dots \cdot w_k[a_k] : k \in \mathbb {N}, a_1, \dots , a_k \in A \}$

is monochromatic.
In this article, we prove that

$\mathsf {OVW}$

is

$\Pi ^0_4$

-conservative over

$\mathsf {RCA}_0 + \mathsf {B}\Sigma ^0_2$

. This implies in particular that

$\mathsf {OVW}$

does not imply

$\mathsf {ACA}_0$

over

$\mathsf {RCA}_0$

. This is the first principle for which the only known separation from

$\mathsf {ACA}_0$

involves non-standard models.
PARAMETER-FREE SCHEMES IN SECOND-ORDER ARITHMETIC
Authors: GITMAN VICTORIA 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lyubetsky and Kanovei showed in [8] that there is a second-order arithmetic model of

$\mathrm {Z}_2^{-p}$

, (comprehension for all second-order formulas without parameters), in which

$\Sigma ^1_2$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

(comprehension for all

$\Sigma ^1_2$

-formulas with parameters) holds, but

$\Sigma ^1_4$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

fails. They asked whether there is a model of

$\mathrm {Z}_2^{-p}+\Sigma ^1_2$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

with the optimal failure of

$\Sigma ^1_3$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

. We answer the question positively by constructing such a model in a forcing extension by a tree iteration of Jensen’s forcing. Let

$\mathrm {Coll}^{-p}$

be the parameter-free collection scheme for second-order formulas and let

$\mathrm {AC}^{-p}$

be the parameter-free choice scheme. We show that there is a model of

$\mathrm {Z}_2^{-p}+\mathrm { AC}^{-p}+\Sigma ^1_2$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

with a failure of

$\Sigma ^1_4$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

. We also show that there is a model of

$\mathrm {Z}_2^{-p}+\mathrm {Coll}^{-p}+\Sigma ^1_2$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

with a failure of

$\Sigma ^1_4$

-

$\mathrm {CA}$

and a failure of

$\mathrm {AC}^{-p}$

, so that, in particular, the schemes

$\mathrm {Coll}^{-p}$

and

$\mathrm {AC}^{-p}$

are not equivalent over

$\mathrm {Z}_2^{-p}$

.
The Probability of Casting a Pivotal Vote in an Instant Runoff Voting Election
Authors: Baltz Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
If instant runoff voting (IRV) mitigates strategic voting, is that because the rules of the system mechanically reduce strategic opportunities, or because of other more indirect effects? In single-vote plurality elections, a voter can be pivotal if adding one vote to a candidate would cause that candidate to win. In IRV, it is more complicated to identify when one voter can be pivotal. This letter derives all the ways that a single ballot can change the result of an IRV election, for any number of candidates and voters. I obtain an expression for the probability of casting a pivotal vote in IRV by phrasing the probability that any pivotal event occurs as a function of all the rankings cast by other voters. This expression facilitates modeling vote choice in IRV, and enables the estimation of voters’ strategic opportunities in IRV contests between any number of candidates. I present some illustrative simulations estimating pivotal probabilities in both IRV and Single-Member District Plurality for stylized electorates with identical preference structures. These simulations produce similar estimated pivotal probabilities in the two systems, suggesting that these systems may provide similar opportunities to strategically cast a decisive vote.
Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning
Authors: Jacobs Bas , Saltini Marco , Molenaar Jaap , Filion Laura , Deinum Eva E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The development of the water transporting xylem tissue in plants involves an intricate interplay of Rho-of-Plants (ROP) proteins and cortical microtubules to generate highly functional secondary cell wall patterns, such as the ringed or spiral patterns in early-developing protoxylem. We study the requirements of protoxylem microtubule band formation with simulations in CorticalSim, extended to include finite microtubule persistence length and a novel algorithm for microtubule-based nucleation. We find that microtubule flexibility facilitates pattern formation for all realistic degrees of mismatch between array and pattern orientation. At the same time, flexibility leads to more density loss, both from collisions and the microtubule-hostile gap regions, making it harder to maintain microtubule bands. Microtubule-dependent nucleation helps to counteract this effect by gradually shifting nucleation from the gap regions to the bands as microtubules disappear from the gaps. Our results reveal mechanisms that can result in robust protoxylem band formation.
Methodological tests using Amazonian soil samples for 14C-AMS dating
Authors: Jou Renata M , Macario Kita D , Pessenda Luiz C , Gomes Fabiana B , Oliveira Fabiana M , Pedrosa Renan , Alves Eduardo Q , Fallon Stewart , Santos Leonardo J C , Maniesi Vanderlei , Bastos Alexis S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although radiocarbon-accelerator mass spectrometry (14C-AMS) is an important tool for the establishment of soil chronology, its application is challenging due to the complex nature of soil samples. In the present study, chemical extraction methodologies were tested to obtain the most representative age of Amazonian soil deposition by 14C-AMS. We performed acid hydrolysis with different numbers of extractions, as well as treatments combining acid and bases and quartered and non-quartered samples. The ages of the soil organic matter (SOM) fractions were compared to the ages of naturally buried charcoal samples at similar depths. The results showed that the age of the non-hydrolyzable inert fraction of soil was closer to the age of charcoal and older than the ages of humin. It was also observed that the quartering process can influence the results, since the dating of the humin fraction showed variability in the results. Our results are important to provide information about the most suitable method for the 14C-AMS dating of soil samples for paleoenvironment reconstruction studies.
The Early Upper Paleolithic of Korea: A chronological review
Authors: Seong Chuntaek , Chong Donghee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the continuous reporting of radiometric chronology of lithic assemblages in the Korean peninsula, systematic evaluation of reliable radiocarbon (14C) dates and discussion on the lithic technological variability have not been adequately presented. This paper attempts to address the issue reviewing the available data on the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) of Korea, with a focus on 14C chronology and lithic technology. Also, these recent advances in Paleolithic studies in Korea provide interesting aspects of the transition to Upper Paleolithic (UP) technology in East Asia. The transition to the UP is characterized by two key developments: the emergence of blade technology and tanged points, and the use of quality raw material that had been previously disregarded. Reliable 14C dates published recently indicate that this transition began around 43,000–40,000 cal BP. We propose that the emergence of the UP tradition on the Korean peninsula can be explained by focusing on the mobility, regional exchange networks and population dynamics of hunter-gatherers rather than the continuing resort to the simple unidirectional dispersal.
Kostant’s problem for parabolic Verma modules
Authors: Mazorchuk Volodymyr , Srivastava Shraddha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We give a complete combinatorial classification of the parabolic Verma modules in the principal block of the parabolic category

$\mathcal{O}$

associated with a minimal or a maximal parabolic subalgebra of the special linear Lie algebra for which the answer to Kostant’s problem is positive.
The House of Baha’u’llah and the Struggle for Religious Visibility in Mandatory Iraq
Authors: Cooper-Davies Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article analyses the struggle for possession of the House of Baha’u’llah in Baghdad during the 1920s and 1930s. One of the Bahai religion’s most sacred sites, the House of Baha’u’llah was the subject of protracted legal and political-diplomatic disputes following efforts by anti-Bahai activists to appropriate it from its Bahai custodians in 1921. The ensuing case touched almost every facet of the Iraqi judicial system, galvanised the international Bahai community and captured the attention of the British colonial state, the Iraqi government and the League of Nations. This article explores the causes and implications of the dispute, which can be considered one of the first incidents of religious persecution in modern Iraq. Rather than explaining the incident with reference to the intolerant attitudes of the Shi`i majority, the article argues for the role of the institutions of colonial modernity – the Mandates system, the new minorities regime, the praxis and discourse of colonial expansion, and the internationalism of the interwar period – for the unravelling of the case itself and for affecting modern, secular articulations of anti-Bahai prejudice.
All Progressives Congress v Bashir Sheriff and Others: The Conflict Between Legal Technicalities and Justice
Authors: Nwodo Fochi Amabilis , Anya Sylvester Ndubuisi , Chime Ikechukwu , Amucheazi Chibike Oraeto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the issues for determination in All Progressives Congress v Bashir Sheriff and Others was whether the first respondent won the primary election that was conducted according to the Electoral Act 2022. This issue, however, was not addressed because the Supreme Court set aside the suit because the first respondent failed to initiate it through the proper originating process. This decision contrasts with its previous judgment in Ekanem v The Registered Trustees of the Church of Christ the Good Shepherd, where it held that an inappropriate originating process does not undermine the competence of a suit. By departing from this previous decision, this note argues that there is a high possibility that the Supreme Court may have aided in the subversion of the Constitution. It recommends that the Electoral Act 2022 be amended to restrict the court's authority to dismiss election disputes if they were initiated through inappropriate originating processes.
Pinus sylvestris bark extract reduces the impact of Heligmosomoides bakeri infection on C57BL/6 but not on BALB/c mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Blomstrand Berit Marie , Thamsborg Stig Milan , Steinshamn Håvard , Enemark Heidi Larsen , Aasen Inga Marie , Mahnert Karl-Christian , Sørheim Kristin Marie , Shepherd Francesca , Houdijk Jos , Athanasiadou Spiridoula 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) may improve gastrointestinal health by exerting immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and/or antiparasitic effects. Bark extracts from coniferous tree species have previously been shown to reduce the burden of a range of parasite species in the gastrointestinal tract, with condensed tannins as the potential active compounds. In the present study, the impact of an acetone extract of pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) on the resistance, performance and tolerance of genetically diverse mice (Mus musculus) was assessed. Mice able to clear an infection quickly (fast responders, BALB/c) or slowly (slow responders, C57BL/6) were infected orally with 200 infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri or remained uninfected (dosed with water only). Each infection group of mice was gavaged for 3 consecutive days from day 19 post-infection with either bark extract or dimethyl sulphoxide (5%) as vehicle control. Oral administration of pine bark extract did not have an impact on any of the measured parasitological parameter. It did, however, have a positive impact on the performance of infected, slow-responder mice, through an increase in body weight (BW) and carcase weight and reduced feed intake by BW ratio. Importantly, bark extract administration had a negative impact on the fast responders, by reducing their ability to mediate the impact of parasitism through reducing their performance and tolerance. The results indicate that the impact of PSMs on parasitized hosts is affected by host's genetic susceptibility, with susceptible hosts benefiting more from bark extract administration compared to resistant ones.
The law of thaw: understanding subnational land use policies for permafrost-agroecosystems
Authors: Parlato Nicholas J. , Ward Jones Melissa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the Arctic warms and growing seasons start to lengthen, governments and producers are speculating about northern “climate-driven agricultural frontiers” as a potential solution to food insecurity. One of the central ecological factors in northern spaces, however, is permafrost (perennial frozen ground), which can drive cascading environmental changes upon thaw. Considering the land requirements for expanded agriculture and the unique challenges of northern farming, national and subnational governments are grappling with and facilitating this speculative boom in different ways. Analysing agricultural land use policy instruments from the US State of Alaska and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in Russia, this paper investigates if and how permafrost factors into their legal frameworks and what impacts this has on agricultural development, conservation, and food security. Alaska and the Republic of Sakha were chosen for reasons including both having at least 100 years of agricultural history on permafrost soils, both containing extensive amounts of permafrost within their landmasses and both containing permafrost that is ice-rich. Comparing legal texts as indicative of state capacities and strategies to govern, the paper finds that the two regions diverge in how they understand and regulate permafrost, and suggests that these approaches could benefit from one another. Bringing together geoclimatic and sociocultural concerns to problematise static policy divisions, this paper gestures to a path forward wherein subnational policy can balance needs for food, environmental, and cultural security in the North.