bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual empowerment: How community health workers operationalize self‐determination, self‐sufficiency, and decision‐making abilities of low‐income mothers
Authors: Becker Julie , Kovach Andrea Crivelli , Gronseth Dickie Lynn 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to operationalize individual empowerment within the context of the MOMobile Program, to explore the relationships formed between MOMobile Advocates and their clients, and to develop an appropriate survey instrument for assessing the impact of a Community Health Worker (CHW) intervention in a community‐based social service agency. Phase I of a multiphase study used focus group interviews with MOMobile Advocates to operationalize empowerment, define their professional roles, and explore the relationships formed with their clients. This article focuses specifically on operationalizing individual empowerment and describing the relationships formed between the Advocates and their clients. Three major themes emerged: (1) the importance of relationships established between Advocates and their clients, (2) the resources available to the clients, and (3) the ability of Advocates to become change agents for their clients. The Community Health Worker (CHW) model is effective for health promotion in disadvantaged communities. MOMobile Advocates improve quality of life by fostering better patient–provider communication, continuity of care, and help‐seeking behavior and by expanding the women's social support systems. Research examining relationships between CHWs and the mothers they assist is needed to assess the full impact of this construct as a health status indicator. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 327–342, 2004.
Asian American adolescents' acculturation, binge drinking, and alcohol‐ and tobacco‐using peers
Authors: Hahm Hyeouk C. , Lahiff Maureen , Guterman Neil B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study examines the association between acculturation and subsequent binge drinking among Asian American adolescents and investigates the mediating effect of friends' alcohol and tobacco use. Data from a nationally representative sample of 714 Asian American adolescents in grades 7 to 12 were analyzed. There was no gender difference in terms of binge drinking. A higher level of acculturation was associated with higher levels of binge drinking. Friends' alcohol and tobacco use was a mediator—the association between acculturation and binge drinking was no longer significant after controlling for best friends' alcohol and tobacco use. These findings demonstrate that binge drinking is not attributable to acculturation per se, but that social interaction is an important pathway by which highly acculturated adolescents become vulnerable to binge drinking. Since highly acculturated Asian American adolescents are at risk for binge drinking, there is an urgent need for prevention. Incorporating the effect of peer influences will improve both prevention efforts and treatment for Asian American adolescents who are binge drinkers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 295–308, 2004.
Quality of life in old age: An investigation of well older persons in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Sheung‐Tak , Chan Alfred C.M. , Phillips David R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWhat might add quality to life during the last period of the life cycle? In study I, five focus groups of elderly participants representing different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds provided descriptions of quality of life (QOL) from their own perspectives. These descriptions formed the basis of a questionnaire that was administered to a representative, random sample of older persons in Hong Kong (N = 1,616) in study II. The study II sample was further randomly split into two. Exploratory factor analysis on sample A identified four factors: generativity, interpersonal (including intergenerational) relations, physical functioning, and material life. Results of confirmatory factor analysis on sample B showed that the 4‐factor QOL model provided a good fit to the data, and that the constructs measured were identical (invariant) between older men and women and between the young‐old and the old‐old. In study III, the findings were disseminated back to an independent sample of older persons meeting in focus groups, who provided verbal confirmations to the model. The findings shed light on possible community psychology interventions to promote wellness in the elderly. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 309–326, 2004.
Olfactory receptors in the mouse septal organ
Authors: Kaluza Jan F. , Gussing Fredrik , Bohm Staffan , Breer Heinz , Strotmann Jörg 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this study we have identified a repertoire of chemosensory receptors expressed in the septal organ (SO). The results suggest that septal organ neurons are specified to express receptor genes belonging to class II olfactory receptors that are also expressed in the main olfactory epithelium. We found no evidence for the expression of members from the vomeronasal receptor gene families. In the SO, no topography analogous to the receptor expression zones of the main olfactory epithelium was evident. The majority of identified receptors corresponds to genes with restricted expression in the medial and lateral zones of the main olfactory epithelium. This coincides with the expression of olfactory cell adhesion molecule (OCAM) throughout the SO, which is considered as a marker for the medial‐lateral zones. In contrast, NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression, a characteristic marker for the dorsal zone, was lacking in the SO. Most of the receptor types were found to be expressed in rather few SO neurons; as an exception, the receptor mOR244‐3 was observed in a very high proportion of cells. Although a very high fraction of SO neurons expressed mOR244‐3, we found no evidence for the coexpression of different receptors in individual cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Administration of N‐acetylcysteine after focal cerebral ischemia protects brain and reduces inflammation in a rat model of experimental stroke
Authors: Khan Mushfiquddin , Sekhon Bipanjeet , Jatana Manu , Giri Shailendra , Gilg Anne G. , Sekhon Charanpal , Singh Inderjit , Singh Avtar K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFree radicals and inflammatory mediators are involved in transient focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). Preadministration of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has been found to attenuate the cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in a rat model of experimental stroke. This study was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective potential of NAC administered after ischemic events in experimental stroke. FCI was induced for 30 min by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA). NAC (150 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at the time of reperfusion followed by another dose 6 hr later. Animals were sacrificed after 24 hr of reperfusion. The cerebral infarct consistently involved the cortex and striatum. Infarction was assessed by staining the brain sections with 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Animals treated with NAC showed a significant reduction in infarct area and infarct volume and an improvement in neurologic scores and glutathione level. Reduction in infarction was significant even when a single dose of NAC was administered at 6 hr of reperfusion. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real‐time PCR studies demonstrated a reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in NAC compared to that in vehicle‐treated animals. The expression of activated macrophage/microglia (ED1) and apoptotic cell death in ischemic brain was also reduced by NAC treatment. These results indicate that in a rat model of experimental stroke, administration of NAC even after ischemia onset protected the brain from free radical injury, apoptosis, and inflammation, with a wide treatment window. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of temperature and pH on the toxicity of aluminium towards two new, soil born species of Arthrobacter sp.
Authors: Illmer Paul , Mutschlechner Wolfgang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo coryneform bacteria Arthrobacter sp. PI/1–95 (Arth1) and Arthrobacter sp. PI/3‐95 (Arth3) were isolated from forest soil characterized and investigated with respect to their reaction towards aluminium (Al). Sigmoid functions were used to describe dose‐response relationships between Al concentration and microbial growth and to calculate EC‐values. EC100 – indicating a complete inhibition of microbial growth – varied between 185 μM Al for Arth1 and 11 mM Al for Arth3. A pure pH effect seems probable in connection with the sensitive Arth1 but not with the tolerant species Arth3. Temperature was shown to distinctly increase the toxic effects of Al towards Arth3 whereas only a moderate modification in Al‐toxicity was observed with Arth1. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive acid tolerance response in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Parkash Tiwari Ram , Sachdeva Naresh , Singh Hoondal Gurinder , Singh Grewal Jasvir 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe survival of bacteria in various environments depends on a number of protective responses including acid tolerance response (ATR). In this study, ATR phenomenon was compared in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 6 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 98 under different culture conditions. Survival of the adapted culture (pre‐acid shocked to pH 5.5) was significantly better (p < 0.05) as compared to control, unadapted culture after acid shock at pH 3.3. However, the ATR varied with the serovar, incubation temperature and the growth medium used (all p‐values < 0.05). S. Typhi 6 failed to grow in pH 3.3 at 45 °C. The addition of tetracycline or chloramphenicol (1.0 μg ml−1) to adapted cultures during or after acid shock (pH 3.3) had no effect on ATR expression. In S. Typhimurium 98, growth was increased by 10% or greater in adapted culture (when grown at pH 3.3) as compared to growth observed with an unadapted culture (when grown at pH 7.3) on transfer to fresh growth medium at pH 7.3. A poor ATR observed in non‐growing S. Typhimurium 98 suspensions clearly showed that ATR is an energy‐consuming process. Storage of S. Typhimurium 98 cultures in pH 4.5 nutrient broth at 4 °C demonstrated that prolonged exposure to acidic conditions is more detrimental in comparison to the cultures stored at pH 7.3 at this temperature. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of cerebrosides of the hydrocarbon‐assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Rupčić Jasminka , Georgiù Kata , Marić Vladimir 
Published: April 2004

AbstractYarrowia lipolytica yeast was grown batchwise on n‐hexadecane as the carbon and energy source. Two cerebroside species were quantitatively isolated from sphingolipid fractions of total lipids by a combination of column chromatography and preparative high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography. The cerebroside content accounted for 1.3% of the total cell lipids. Glucose was detected as the sole sugar constituent in cerebrosides. The fatty acid composition of cerebrosides was characterized by a high proportion of hydroxylated long‐chain saturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids were h16:0 and 16:0. The long‐chain bases composition shows a preponderance of trihydroxy bases and a small amount of dihydroxy bases. The striking finding was a high proportion of 19‐phytosphingosine. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microbial detoxification of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol
Authors: Völkl Andrea , Vogler Bernhard , Schollenberger Margit , Karlovsky Petr 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium species infecting cereal crops. As a mycotoxin, DON causes losses in livestock production and poses a health risk to humans consuming contaminated cereal products. DON also acts as a virulence factor, facilitating the colonization of host plants by Fusarium spp. Enzymatic detoxification of mycotoxins in feed additives and genetically modified crops is a promising approach for the reduction of mycotoxin contamination of feeds and food. A prerequisite for the developoment of biotechnological strategies for DON detoxification is the availability of genes encoding suitable enzymatic activities. With the goal of isolating microbial cultures that can be used as a source of such activies, we screened 1285 microbial cultures from farmland soil, cereal grains, insects and other sources for DON transformation under aerobic conditions. One mixed culture transformed DON into two chromatographically separable products. The main product of the transformation was purified and its structure was elucidated by mass spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and proton‐proton and carbon‐proton correlated NMR spectroscopy. The structure of this product was determined to be 3‐keto‐4‐deoxynivalenol. The DON‐transforming mixed culture survived and retained its transforming activity during a starvation period of six months at 20 °C. Transformation of DON was suppressed by low concentrations of glucose and high concentrations of tryptone and yeast extract. Cell‐free supernatants obtained either by filtration through a 0.22 μm membrane filter or by centrifugation did not exert DON‐transforming activity. Trichothecenes 15‐acetyl‐DON, 3‐acetyl‐DON and fusarenon‐X were also transformed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production of laccase isoforms by Pleurotus pulmonarius in response to presence of phenolic and aromatic compounds
Authors: Giatti Marques De Souza Cristina , Kirst Tychanowicz Giovana , Farani De Souza Daniela , Peralta Rosane Marina 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effect of several phenolic and aromatic monomers structurally‐related to lignin on production of laccase by the white rot fungus P. pulmonarius (Fr.) Quélet has been studied. In the absence of an inducer, laccase was maximally produced after depletion of carbon and nitrogen sources. Among 15 phenolic and aromatic compounds tested, ferulic acid and vanillin were the most efficient inducers, increasing the production of laccase activity up to 10 times. A mixture of ferulic acid and vanillin was more efficient to induce the production of laccase than the isolated phenolics. At least three laccase isoforms designated as lcc1, lcc2 and lcc3 were identified by eletrophoretic analysis of P. pulmonarius culture filtrates. The lcc1 and lcc2 isoforms were produced by non‐induced cultures, while lcc3 was found only in induced‐culture filtrates. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the evaluation of the nonisothermal kinetic parameters of (GeS2)0.3(Sb2S3)0.7 crystallization using the IKP method
Authors: Budrugeac P. , Criado J. M. , Gotor F. J. , Malek J. , Pérez‐Maqueda L. A. , Segal E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe isoconversional method suggested by Friedman and the invariant kinetic parameters method (IKP) were used in order to examine the kinetics of the nonisothermal crystallization of (GeS2)0.3(Sb2S3)0.7. The objective of the paper is to show the usefulness of the IKP method both for determining the activation parameters as well as the model of the investigated process. It was shown that the kinetic triplet [(E, A, f(α), where E is the activation energy, A is the preexponential factor, and f(α) is the differential function of conversion], which results through the application of the IKP method, depends on the set of kinetic models considered. For different sets of kinetic models, proportional values of f(α) are obtained. A criterion for the selection of this set, the use of which lead to the true kinetic triplet corresponding to the analyzed process (E = 163.2 kJ mol−1; A = 2.47 × 1012 min−1 and the Avrami‐Erofeev model, Am, for m = 2.5–2.6 was suggested. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 309–315, 2004
Effects of mixed aqueous‐organic solvents on the rate of intramolecular carboxylic group‐catalyzed cleavage of N‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)phthalamic acid
Authors: Leng Sim Yoke , Ariffin Azhar , Khan M. Niyaz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractKinetic study on the cleavage of N‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)phthalamic acid (NMPPAH) in mixed H2O‐CH3CN and H2O‐1,4‐dioxan solvents containing 0.05 M HCl reveals the formation of phthalic anhydride (PAn)/phthalic acid (PA) as the sole or major product. Pseudo first‐order rate constants (k1) for the conversion of NMPPAH to PAn decrease nonlinearly from 60.4 × 10−5 to 2.64 × 10−5 s−1 with the increase in the contents of 1,4‐dioxan from 10 to 80% v/v in mixed aqueous solvents. The rate of cleavage of NMPPAH in mixed H2O‐CH3CN solvents at ≥50% v/v CH3CN follows an irreversible consecutive reaction path: NMPPAH PA. The values of k1 are larger in H2O‐CH3CN than in H2O‐1,4‐dioxan solvents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 316–325, 2004
Poröse Scaffolds aus mineralisiertem Kollagen – ein biomimetisches Knochenersatzmaterial
Authors: Gelinsky M. , König U. , Sewing A. , Pompe W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAus biomimetisch mit Hydroxylapatit mineralisierten Kollagen Typ I Fibrillen wurde ein neuartiges poröses Knochenersatzmaterial entwickelt, das in seiner chemischen Zusammensetzung der extrazellulären Matrix von Knochengewebe nahekommt. Die Porenstruktur wird über einen Gefriertrocknungsprozeß erzeugt, wobei über die Geschwindigkeit und die Temperatur des Einfriervorgangs die Porengröße über einen weiten Bereich eingestellt werden kann. Durch chemische Quervernetzung des Kollagen‐Anteils mit dem wasserlöslichen Carbodiimid‐Derivat EDC wird die Struktur stabilisiert. Als optimal für die Besiedlung mit Knochenzellen haben sich interkonnektierende Poren mit Durchmessern von ca. 200 μm erwiesen; die entsprechenden Scaffolds sind im feuchten Zustand elastisch, was die Durchführung von Zellkulturexperimenten unter mechanischer Stimulation ermöglicht.
Cerabone® – eine Spongiosa‐Keramik bovinen Ursprungs
Authors: Seidel P. , Dingeldein E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBei dem Implantatmaterial Cerabone® handelt es sich um eine Hydroxylapatitkeramik mit dem Hauptbestandteil Pentacalcium‐hydroxid‐[tris]phospat. Die Gewinnung des Implantates erfolgt durch die Präparation tierischer Knochen, die durch Temperaturprozesse in ihre keramische Form transformiert werden. Aufgrund des spongiösen Ausgangsmateriales besitzt Cerabone® ein interkonnektierendes makro‐ und mikroporöses Porensystem. Dieses liefert dem neuzubildenden Knochen eine strukturierte Leitschiene, in und um die ausgehend vom Lagerknochen neuer Knochen angelagert wird. Der durch die Herstellungsprozesse beibehaltene Aufbau der natürlichen Spongiosa wirkt sich besonders gut auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Implantates und das Einwachsverhalten des neuen Knochens nach der Implantation aus.
New Aspects in Osteoinduction
Authors: Stoll T. , Maissen O. , Meury T. , Becker S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBone grafting is a widely used procedure to treat bone defects. Various synthetic bone substitutes are gaining upon autologous cancellous bone, which is still the most effective graft material, despite the associated morbidity at the harvesting site. The lack of osteoinductive or osteogenic properties limits the success of those materials compared to autograft. One approach to enhance their biological behaviour is the addition of blood or bone marrow derived cellular material. Both platelet rich plasma (PRP) and fresh bone marrow (BM) have been reported to enhance bone formation clinically. The aim of this work was to evaluate in a pilot study the osteogenic potential of autologous substances like blood and bone marrow processed intra‐operatively in order to be impregnated on a synthetic ceramic bone substitute.
Porous nitinol vs. titanium intervertebral fusion implants: Computer tomography, radiological and histological study of osseointegration capacity
Authors: Assad M. , Likibi F. , Jarzem P. , Leroux M. A. , Coillard C. , Rivard Ch.‐H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe functionality of a new metallic interbody fusion implant manufactured out of porous nitinol (PNT) was evaluated in sheep and compared to a conventional titanium intervertebral cage packed with autologous iliac crest bone. Both device types were implanted at two non‐contiguous intervertebral lumbar sites. The objective was to evaluate the osseointegration capacity after 3, 6 and 12 months of implantation in the presence of these two implant types subjected to the same mechanical loads. Two‐dimensional radiolology, computer tomography, and histology were used as techniques of parameters evaluation. The results indicated that PNT obtained a better intervertebral osseointegration capacity compared to the TiAlV cage. The functional difficulties of the titanium implant were related to its instability at the implantation site possibly due to a biofunctionality problem. The biocompatibility of both implants seemed however comparable.
Klinische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von porösen Biomaterialien im Knochengewebe
Authors: Esenwein S. A. , Esenwein S. , Hartwig C.‐H. , Herr G. , Muhr G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIm Bereich der Versorgung von Knochendefekten besteht oft die Notwendigkeit, größere Defekte aufzufüllen. Dabei werden poröse Biomaterialien als Alternative zu autologem Spenderknochen häufig in der Implantologie, Traumatologie und orthopädischen Chirurgie mit guten klinischen Ergebnissen eingesetzt. Im Gegensatz zur autologen Spongiosa sind sie nahezu unbegrenzt verfügbar und nicht mit dem Problem der Spendermorbidität behaftet. Um die Menge und Qualität des neugebildeten Knochens und damit die Auffüllung eines Defektes zu beschleunigen, werden unterschiedliche Biomaterialien als Knochenersatzmaterialien eingesetzt. Es handelt sich dabei um Werkstoffe, die in der Lage sind, mit biologischen Systemen zu interagieren, wobei vor allem synthetische poröse Tricalciumphosphat‐ und Hydroxylapatitkeramiken sowie prozessierte Allografts zum Einsatz kommen. Als weitere klinische Anwendungsmöglichkeit kommt die Oberflächenbeschichtung von Implantaten mit porösen Biomaterialien und knochenbildenden Wachstumsfaktoren zur Verbesserung der knöchernen Integration in betracht.In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll ein Überblick über die klinischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von porösen Biomaterialien im Knochengewebe sowie ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen gegeben werden.
Oberflächenmodifizierung von Titan zur Verbesserung der Grenzflächenverträglichkeit
Authors: Klee D. , Böing J. , Höcker H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIm Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die CVD‐Polymerisation von aminosubstituiertem [2,2]‐Paracyclophan zur Polymerbeschichtung und gleichzeitigen Funktionalisierung von Titan‐Oberflächen durchgeführt. Parallel erfolgte die Funktionalisierung mittels Silanisierung mit 3‐Aminopropyl‐triethoxysilan. Die generierten Aminogruppen wurden zur kovalenten Immobilisierung von bioaktiven Substanzen genutzt, um die Adhäsion von Knochenzellen zu fördern und deren Wachstum zu stimulieren. Als bioaktive Substanzen wurden das Pentapepid GRGDS und der Wachstumsfaktor BMP‐2 ausgewählt. Die kovalente Bindung wurde mit dem Kopplungsreagenz Hexamethylendiisocyanat durchgeführt. Zur Charakterisierung der einzelnen Modifizierungsschritte wurden die Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie, die Rasterkraftmikroskopie und die Kontaktwinkelmessung eingesetzt. Der Nachweis der kovalenten Bindung der bioaktiven Substanzen erfolgte mittels radioaktiver Markierung bzw. Surface‐MALDI‐ToF‐MS. In vitro‐Biokompatibilitätstests mit primären, humanen Osteoblasten zeigten die Verbesserung der Zelladhäsion und des Spreadings auf den bioaktiv ausgerüsteten Titanoberflächen.