bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Gingival Fibroblasts Produce Nitric Oxide in Response to Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Daghigh Farzaneh , Borghaei Ruth C. , Thornton Ruth D. , Bee Joseph H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Although nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is increased in periodontal disease (PD), little is known about the possible sources of production by gingival tissues. In fact, gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis demonstrate greater levels of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) expression than healthy tissue. Macrophages are the source of the iNOS expression, with endothelial cells also contributing. In the present study, our hypothesis has been that human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) also have the ability to produce NO. We have established for the first time that HGF express increased levels of iNOS and modulate NO synthesis in response to proinflammatory cytokines that act synergistically.Methods: NO production under basal conditions or following incubation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and inferferon (IFN)‐γ was assessed by measurement of stable NO metabolites, nitrite, and nitrate, in a microplate adaptation of the Griess assay. Total RNA was isolated from HGF for determination of iNOS mRNA levels.Results: We have shown that NO production is elevated in HGF that are stimulated simultaneously by TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IFN‐γ. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the production of iNOS mRNA by HGF is upregulated in the presence of these cytokines. Addition of mercaptoethyl guanidine (MEG), a specific inhibitor of iNOS, profoundly reduced the production of NO in HGF. Non specific inhibitors of iNOS, L‐NG‐monomethyl arginine (L‐NMMA), and L‐arginine‐methyl ester (L‐NAME) had little or no effect on NO produced in HGF.Conclusions: These results suggest that elevated NO production could be important in the pathogenesis of PD, and also suggest the ability of an iNOS inhibitor to modulate the disease. Treatments with drugs to block the production of nitric oxide or block its effects might be therapeutically valuable. J Periodontol 2002;73:392‐400.
Relationship of Clinical Depression to Periodontal Treatment Outcome
Authors: Elter John R. , White B. Alex , Gaynes Bradley N. , Bader James D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Depression has been associated with periodontal disease; however, its relationship to periodontal treatment outcome (PTO) has not been investigated.Methods: Data were obtained by chart abstraction and computer databases on 1,299 health maintenance organization (HMO) patients aged 30 to 64 who had concurrent medical, dental, and pharmacy benefits, and who had an initial periodontal examination during 1996, 1997, or 1998. Depression (yes/no) was the main independent variable and was determined by presence of any diagnosis code for depression on the patient record. PTO was determined by the difference in percent of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm between the initial and 1‐year post‐treatment periodontal exams. Sub‐median periodontal treatment outcome (SMPTO) was defined as a reduction in fewer than the median percent of sites (7.33%) with PD ≥5 mm. Information on sociodemographics, periodontal therapy, calculus and plaque, number of remaining teeth, smoking, antidepressant medications, and diabetes were collected.Results: A total of 697 patients had a periodontal exam at both baseline and follow‐up. Of these, 12.2% had depression. In a multivariable logistic model, depression (odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 4.16) and 4‐month recall treatment (OR 2.34, CI 1.46 to 3.75) were associated with SMPTO, while percent of sites at baseline with PD ≥5 mm (OR 0.93, CI 0.91 to 0.94), number of remaining teeth at baseline (OR 0.94, CI 0.89 to 0.99), and number of teeth lost during the study period (OR 0.75, CI 0.58 to 0.96) were negatively associated. Periodontal surgery, age, gender, smoking, plaque, calculus, diabetes, and antidepressant medication were not significant in the model.Conclusion: Clinical depression may have a negative effect on periodontal treatment outcome in this group model HMO population. J Periodontol 2002;73:441‐449.
Long‐Term Results of Guided Tissue Regeneration Therapy With Non‐Resorbable and Bioabsorbable Barriers. II. A Case Series of Infrabony Defects
Authors: Kim Ti‐Sun , Holle Rolf , Hausmann Ernest , Eickholz Peter 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this 5‐year follow‐up case series was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the long‐term results after guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of infrabony defects using nonresorbable and bioabsorbable barriers.Methods: In 12 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis 12 pairs of contralateral infrabony defects were treated. Within each patient one defect received a non‐resorbable (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene [ePTFE]; control: C) and the other a bioabsorbable (polyglactin 910; test: T) barrier by random assignment. At baseline and at 6 and 60 ±3 months after surgery clinical parameters and standardized radiographs were obtained. Gain of bone density within infrabony defects was assessed using subtraction radiography.Results: Eight of 12 patients were available for the 60‐month reexaminations. Six and 60 ±3 months after GTR therapy statistically significant (P <0.05) vertical attachment (CAL‐V) gain was observed in both groups (C6: 2.6 ±1.4 mm; C60: 1.6 ± 1.5 mm; T6: 3.0 ±1.7 mm; T60: 3.0 ±0.7 mm). However at 60 months, 2 infrabony defects in the control group had lost all the attachment that had been gained 6 months after therapy and a clinically relevant but statistically insignificant mean CAL‐V loss of 1.0 ±2.1 mm was observed from 6 to 60 months. The case series failed to show statistically significant differences between test and control regarding CAL‐V gain 60 months after surgery. Also subtraction analysis failed to reveal statistically significant differences regarding density gain between both groups 6 and 60 months postsurgically (C6: 26.4 ± 54.2; C60 62.8 ±112.7; T6: 68.7 ±72.8; T60. 84.1 ±83.6).Conclusions: CAL‐V gain achieved after GTR therapy in infrabony defects using both non‐resorbable and bioabsorbable barriers was quite stable after 5 years in 14 of 16 defects. J Periodontol 2002;73:450‐459.
New Biomarker Evidence of Oxidative DNA Damage in Whole Saliva From Clinically Healthy and Periodontally Diseased Individuals
Authors: Takane Masatoshi , Sugano Naoyuki , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Iwano Yoshihiro , Shimizu Noritaka , Ito Koichi 
Published: February 2005

Background: There is an increasing body of evidence implicating reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of periodontal tissue destruction. 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) is one of the most commonly used markers to evaluate oxidative damage in a number of disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 8‐OHdG levels in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis and to assess the changes after initial treatment.Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 78 patients with untreated periodontitis and 17 healthy control subjects. Clinical parameters and levels of 8‐OHdG were assessed first to establish a baseline and again after initial periodontal treatment from 15 patients. 8‐OHdG levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.Results: The mean value of 8‐OHdG in the saliva of periodontally diseased subjects, 4.28 ± 0.10 ng/ml, was significantly higher (P <0.01) than that of clinically healthy subjects (1.56 ± 0.10 ng/ml). A significant decrease in salivary 8‐OHdG was observed after therapy (P <0.01).Conclusion: In the present study, we evaluated for the first time 8‐OHdG levels in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis and assessed changes after initial periodontal treatment. Our study indicated that 8‐OHdG levels in saliva appear to reflect the status of periodontal health. J Periodontol 2002;73:551‐554.
Large Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Metastatic to the Mandibular Gingiva
Authors: Yoshii Takashi , Muraoka Shigetada , Sano Nobuya , Furudoi Shungo , Komori Takahide 
Published: February 2005

Background: Although metastases of malignant tumors to the jaws are not unusual, metastases to the gingival soft tissues are relatively rare.Methods: The clinicopathologic features of a metastatic tumor in the mandibular gingiva originating from lung cancer are described. The patient, a 61‐year‐old man, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of bloody sputum and chest pain while coughing. The patient's chest radiograph showed an abnormal mass in the left upper lobe. After admission, the patient noticed a swelling of the right mandibular gingiva. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis for tumors of the gingiva and the lung were performed.Results: Radiographic examination did not indicate involvement of the underlying bone. The histopathological findings showed that the gingival tumor consisted of a large cell carcinoma, and the mass of the upper lobe displayed the same histology as that found in the gingiva. Immunohistochemical investigation of the gingival tumor revealed similar results to those found in the mass of the lung. Based on the clinicopathologic findings, this case was diagnosed as primary lung cancer with the gingival tumor deemed metastatic. Multiple metastases were found in areas other than the oral cavity; radiation and chemotherapy for the gingival tumor were performed due to persistent bleeding and pain.Conclusions: The resemblance of this gingival mass to an inflammatory lesion demonstrates the need for a detailed examination. This case also emphasizes the need to evaluate positive treatment needed to relieve complications in the mouth, even if the prognosis of the primary tumors remains unfavorable. J Periodontol 2002;73:571‐574.
Comparative Histologic Analysis of Coronally Advanced Flap With and Without Collagen Membrane for Root Coverage
Authors: Lee Eun‐Ju , Meraw Stephen J. , Oh Tae‐Ju , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2005

Background: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR)‐based root coverage has been utilized to correct gingival recession defects with promising results. However, limited histologic information is available. Therefore, the aims of this study were to clinically and histologically evaluate the efficacy of GTR‐based root coverage using collagen membrane (GTRC) and to compare the healing response to that of coronally advanced flaps (CAF).Methods: Standardized gingival recession defects were surgically created on the labial surfaces of the maxillary cuspids of 8 mongrel dogs. Plaque was allowed to accumulate for 8 weeks to develop a plaque‐infected recession defect. Full‐mouth scaling and root planing was then performed coincident with 4 weeks of oral hygiene. Defects were randomly assigned to receive either GTRC or CAF surgery. Four dogs each were sacrificed at 4 and 16 weeks post‐treatment. Clinical measurements included: percent root coverage, the amount of keratinized gingiva (KG), and probing depth (PD). Sulcular depth, junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment, new cementum formation, and new bone formation were evaluated histomorphometrically.Results: Clinically, both treatments (CAF and GTRC) achieved statistically significant (P <0.05) root coverage compared to baseline. KG was significantly increased in CAF‐treated sites at 16 weeks, while no significant differences were found for other clinical parameters between treatments. Histometrically, GTRC showed a statistically significant increase of new attachment and newly formed connective tissue when compared to CAF at 16 weeks.Conclusion: Within the limits of this preclinical study, both GTRC and CAF can be successfully used for the treatment of gingival recession defects. J Periodontol 2002;73:779‐788.
Full‐Mouth Therapy Versus Individual Quadrant Root Planing: A Critical Commentary
Authors: Greenstein Gary 
Published: February 2005

Background: This commentary compares the abilities of full‐mouth disinfection (FDIS), full‐mouth root planing (FRP), and partial‐mouth disinfection (PDIS) to improve periodontal health. FDIS consists of 4 quadrants of root planing completed within 24 hours with adjunctive chlorhexidine therapies (e.g., rinsing, subgingival irrigation, tongue brushing). FRP denotes 4 quadrants of root planing performed within 24 hours, and PDlS refers to root planing individual quadrants of the dentition, spaced 2 weeks apart. A basic premise of administering full‐mouth therapy (FDlS or FRP) is to eliminate or reduce bacterial reservoirs within the oral cavity that could inhibit optimal healing of treated sites or cause periodontal disease initiation or progression.Methods: Controlled clinical trials that compared the abilities of PDIS and full‐mouth root planing with and without adjunctive chlorhexidine chemotherapy to alter periodontal status were reviewed.Results: Several studies conducted at one treatment center indicated that FDlS and FRP attained greater therapeutic improvements than PDlS with respect to decreasing probing depths (FD), gaining clinical attachment (CAL), diminishing bleeding upon probing, and reducing the subgingival microflora. However, the magnitude of PD reductions and gains of clinical attachment must be carefully interpreted, because initial PD measurements were usually determined after scaling and root planing, which may have caused the results to be overstated. Furthermore, in studies that addressed the utility of FDIS, it was not possible to determine if benefits induced beyond PDlS were due to FRP or administration of multifaceted intra‐oral chlorhexidine treatments or a combination of both therapies. One investigation that had protocol limitations indicated that similar results were attained by FRP with and without adjunctive chemotherapy. In contrast, recent studies from 2 other treatment centers indicated that there were no significant differences when the efficacy of quadrant‐by‐quadrant root planing was compared to FRP or FDIS with regard to PD reduction, gains of clinical attachment, and impact on the magnitude and quality of the immune response.Possible Clinical Implications: Conceptually, full‐mouth therapy (FRP or FDIS) could reduce the number of patient visits and facilitate more efficient use of treatment time. In addition, there appears to be no major adverse reactions to full‐mouth mot planing with or without adjunctive chemotherapy. However, small study populations and non‐corroborating data from different treatment centers indicate that additional randomized clinical trials are needed to determine if full‐mouth therapy provides clinically relevant improvements beyond PDIS. J Periodontol 2002;73:797‐812.
Nifedipine Induces Gingival Epithelial Hyperplasia in Rats Through Inhibition of Apoptosis
Authors: Shimizu Yasuki , Kataoka Masatoshi , Seto Hiroyuki , Kido Jun‐ichi , Nagata Toshihiko 
Published: February 2005

Background: Nifedipine is used as a long‐acting vasodilator; one of its side effects is gingival overgrowth, characterized by an accumulation of collagenous components within the gingival connective tissue and epithelial hyperplasia with elongated, branched rete pegs penetrating into the connective tissue. We investigated the effect of nifedipine on apoptosis of gingival keratinocytes of rats to elucidate the mechanism of nifedipineinduced gingival epithelial hyperplasia.Methods: Twenty‐day‐old rats were fed a powdered diet containing or lacking nifedipine for 8 to 30 days. The mandibular gingiva and palatal mucosa were removed on days 8, 15, or 30, and epithelial thickness was examined by light microscopy. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to examine apoptosis of keratinocytes in the epithelium. In addition, we examined the effects of nifedipine on proliferation of keratinocytes and epithelial cell life on day 8 by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining.Results: Microscopic examination showed gingival epithelial hyperplasia in nifedipine‐treated rats after day 15. Apoptosis of gingival keratinocytes was seen to be inhibited in nifedipinetreated rats on day 8 and 15. Also, nifedipine did not induce an increase of keratinocyte proliferation activity in terms of the number of cells showing positive staining with BrdU. Prolongation of cell life by nifedipine was observed on day 8 in gingival epithelium through a delay of upward cell movement compared to controls. However, epithelial hyperplasia was not detected in palatal mucosa, and there were no significant differences in apoptotic rates of keratinocytes and cell life between nifedipinetreated rats and control rats.Conclusions: These results suggest that nifedipine induces epithelial hyperplasia in gingival overgrowth not by an increase in keratinocyte proliferation, but by prolongation of cell life through reduction of apoptosis before epithelial hyperplasia is detectable. J Periodontol 2002;73:861‐867.
The Effect of Aspirin on the Periodontal Parameter Bleeding on Probing
Authors: Schrodi Janet , Recio Luisa , Fiorellini Joseph , Howell Howard , Goodson Max , Karimbux Nadeem 
Published: February 2005

Background: The absence or presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) is a sign of periodontal health or disease, but the presence of BOP is not an accurate predictor of disease progression. Aspirin is increasingly used in the prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and is a non‐disease factor that may modify bleeding indices given its antithrombolytic activity. The purpose of this double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial was to study the effect of short‐term daily aspirin ingestion on the clinical parameter BOP.Methods: A total of 46 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study: 16 received placebo, 15 low‐dose aspirin (81 mg), and 15 regular dose (325 mg) aspirin. Clinical parameters assessed included plaque index, periodontal probing depth, and BOP using an automated pressure‐sensitive probe. Measurements were recorded before and after 7‐day exposure to placebo and aspirin regimens.Results: A statistically significant difference in BOP was found in patients with ≥20% of bleeding sites during the visit prior to placebo or aspirin exposure (n = 11). The group treated with 325 mg aspirin exhibited a moderate yet statistically significant increase in BOP (12.4%) compared to the placebo group (there was no significant difference between the 81 mg aspirin group and placebo). The tendency to bleed was not statistically significant in the group which exhibited <20% (n = 35) of bleeding sites during the visit prior to exposure.Conclusion: Aspirin intake of 325 mg daily for 7 days moderately increased the appearance of bleeding on probing in a population that had ≥20% BOP sites. J Periodontol 2002;73:871‐876.
Calculation of Simplified Single‐Root Surface Area From Simulated X‐Ray Projection
Authors: Chen Ssu‐Kuang , Chen Chung‐Ming , Jeng Jeng‐Ywan 
Published: February 2005

Background: The prognosis of a tooth affected by periodontitis might depend on the amount of bone remaining around the root surface. The surface area of a single tooth root relates to a simulated x‐ray projection.Methods: The aim of the study was to determine root surface area from radiographs. Two methods were used. In the first, cross‐sections of a single‐tooth root were simulated using ellipses with different eccentricities. Projection data from 90 directions at 1° intervals were obtained, which were then used to estimate circumferences that were then compared with the known circumference. In the second model, circumference was estimated from projection data derived from the projection of an ellipse with the central ray parallel to the long axis. The estimated circumference was compared with possible circumferences resulting from this projection data.Results: In the first model, all estimated circumferences are less than the true circumferences. The largest error in each case decreased rapidly as the eccentricity of the simulated ellipse decreased. Less than 6% of the largesrerrors were found when the eccentricity is 0.83. In the second model, the estimation should be within less than 2% of error when the asymmetry factor is less than 0.6.Conclusions: The circumference of an elliptical object can be approximated from the projection data of this ellipse. Therefore, the surface area of a single tooth root may be estimated with clinically useful accuracy from the projection data. J Periodontol2002;73:906‐97 0.
Primary Extranodal Malignant Lymphoma Affecting the Periodontium
Authors: Mealey Brian L. , Tunder George S. , Pemble Charles W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma may arise in extranodal tissues within the head and neck region. These lesions may occur in the oral cavity, but rarely appear on the gingiva. Due to their malignant nature, rapid identification, diagnosis, and treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas are essential to patient survival.Methods: An unusual case of primary extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. The small lesion arose on the gingiva and alveolar rnucosa. Upon excision, the tissue was submitted for microscopic examination, with the expectation that the lesion would be benign and excision would constitute the entirety of treatment. However, a diagnosis of primary extranodal large B‐cell lymphoma was returned.Results: In addition to excision of the lesion, the patient underwent a complete work‐up to rule out other systemic lesions. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed. The patient has remained healthy, without recurrence of lymphoma for3 years.Conclusions: This case reinforces the importance of submitting excised tissues for microscopic examination euen when the lesion appears totally benign. In addition, it highlights the need for complete excision of suspected lesions, with generous borders of normal tissue. With current periodontal plastic surgical techniques, most defects remaining after soft tissue biopsy can be managed with good esthetic results. J Periodontol 2002;73:937‐941.