bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Periodontal Therapy in Patients With Drug‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth. Long‐Term Results
Authors: Ilgenli Tunç , Atilla Gül , Baylas Haluk 
Published: February 2005

Background: Drug‐induced gingival overgrowth (DGO) is one of the well‐recognized side effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) or nifedipine (Ni). After surgical periodontal therapy, the incidence of DGO recurrence is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical periodontal therapy in patients receiving CsA or Ni and who exhibit severe long‐term DGO. In addition, the relationship between various variables and the recurrence of severe DGO after periodontal surgery was investigated.Methods: A total of 38 patients, 22 with CsA‐induced DGO and 16 with Ni‐induced DGO, were included in this study. At baseline, patients received initial periodontal therapy, after which either the upper or lower anterior segment in each patient was surgically treated. Surgical periodontal therapy consisted of the flap technique with a 90° gingivectomy incision. Following surgery, patients were placed on a maintenance therapy recall program and were monitored for 18 months. Patients were seen once a month for the first 3 months and once every 3 months for the following 15 months. Plaque index (PI), papilla bleeding index (PBI) and DGO scores in the treated segments were recorded at each recall appointment. Attendance at recall appointments was also noted for each patient.Results: Recurrence of severe DGO was observed in 13 of the 38 patients (34%) 18 months following periodontal surgery. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age, gingival inflammation, and attendance at recall appointments were significant determinants of the recurrence of severe DGO.Conclusions: This study suggests that regular re‐motivation and professional care at frequent recall appointments after periodontal surgery are of great importance in patients receiving CsA or Ni. By maintaining periodontal health, the life quality of these patients may be raised. J Periodontol 1999;70:967‐972.
The Association Between Osteopenia and Periodontal Attachment Loss in Older Women
Authors: Weyant Robert J. , Pearlstein Marc E. , Churak Anthony P. , Forrest Kimberly , Famili Pouran , Cauley Jane A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent research suggests that osteopenia may be a predisposing factor for periodontal tissue destruction. If so, then a relationship should exist between measures of systemic bone mineral density and periodontal tissue destruction. The purpose of the present cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the association between systemic bone mineral density and the clinical signs of periodontal tissue destruction in a large population of elderly dentate women.Methods: A total of 292 dentate women (average age 75.5 years) were randomly selected for a cross‐sectional periodontal substudy from participants at the Pittsburgh Field Center of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF), a prospective study of a cohort of elderly women (age ≥65 years at baseline) to determine risk factors for fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using single photon absorptiometry (radius, calcaneus) and dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (hip, spine). Oral health examinations, including periodontal probings and an assessment of bleeding on probing, were made using an NIDR probe at 3 buccal sites of all teeth. Multiple regression models were used to assess the association between bone mineral density and measures of periodontal disease status while controlling for potential confounders. Periodontal status variables examined included: average loss of periodontal attachment (LOA); number of sites with at least 4 mm LOA; number of sites with at least 6 mm LOA; number of sites with bleeding on probing; and deepest probing depth per person.Results: This study found no statistically significant association between the 5 indicators of periodontal disease and measures of systemic BMD at 8 anatomic sites after controlling for age, smoking, and number of remaining natural teeth. Some suggestive findings support a weak association between generalized osteopenia and periodontal disease.Conclusions: Systemic osteopenia is, at best, only a weak risk factor for periodontal disease in older non‐black women. J Periodontol 1999;70:982‐991.
Glycosaminoglycans in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients With Periodontal Class II Furcation Involvement Before and After Guided Tissue Regeneration. A Pilot Study
Authors: Yan Fuhua , Marshall Rod , Wynne Susan , Xiao Yin , Mark Bartold P. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The levels of glycosaminoglycans in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are good indicators of underlying tissue turnover. We hypothesize that connective tissue elements in GCF may be used as indicators of tissue maturation underneath barrier membranes. Therefore, we investigated the levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in GCF at sites before and after guided tissue regeneration (GTR).Methods: Six patients were selected on the basis of having at least one Class II buccal furcation involvement on a molar tooth. Each molar furcation was treated with the standard GTR surgical protocol using a non‐resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken at baseline (immediately prior to insertion of the membrane) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks (immediately prior to removal of the membrane). Glycosaminoglycan levels were determined using an Alcian blue dye detection system.Results: The mean levels of chondroitin sulfate and total sulfated glycosaminoglycans in GCF significantly decreased during the first 4 weeks after GTR surgery. By week 5, the levels began to rise, and by week 6 the levels had returned to baseline levels.Conclusions: Sulfated glycosaminoglycans can be monitored in GCF at healing GTR sites. It is proposed that this is a useful means of monitoring the status of the regenerating tissues. However, further longitudinal studies are required to assess if the sulfated glycosaminoglycans can be used as indicators of tissue maturation under guided tissue membranes used to treat periodontal defects. J Periodontol 2000;71:1‐7.
Gingival Metastasis From a Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Case Report
Authors: Piattelli Adriano , Fioroni Massimiliano , Rubini Corrado 
Published: February 2005

Background: Metastatic tumors to the oral cavity are rare, representing about 1% of oral tumors, and they affect jaws more often than the oral soft tissues.
Methods: Fifteen cases of metastases to the jaw bones from thyroid carcinoma were found in a recent review, with no cases located in the oral mucosa.
Results: The authors describe the first cases of gingival metastasis from a thyroid medullary carcinoma.
Conclusions: Periodontists must recognize oral soft tissue metastases because they can be the first sign of an undiscovered malignancy, and they can be easily mistaken with several different benign lesions. J Periodontol 2000;71:112‐116.
Primary Gingival Malignant Melanoma. Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Ardekian Leon , Rosen Daren J. , Peled Micha , Rachmiel Adi , Machtei Eli E. , Abu el Naaj Imad , Laufer Dov 
Published: February 2005

Background: Malignant melanoma is rare in the oral cavity and accounts for less than 1% of all melanomas. Nevertheless, the disease can be fatal, and early diagnosis and treatment may improve prognosis dramatically. The purpose of this paper is to report 3 new cases of primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity arising in the gingiva, and to review the literature regarding intraoral melanoma.
Methods: Three cases are presented. One case was in the right mandibular molar area; the second in the right maxillary canine‐premolar area; and the third in the left mandibular canine‐premolar region. All patients were treated surgically, with postoperative radiotherapy.
Results: The first patient lived for 2 years and the second for 3 years before distant metastases were diagnosed from which they subsequently died. The third patient was lost from follow‐up after 18 months.
Conclusion: Primary oral malignant melanoma is a deadly disease. Early suspicion of this disease will allow prompt treatment and increase the prognosis for these patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:117‐120.
Persistence Patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/ nigrescens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans After Mechanical Therapy of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Mombelli Andrea , Schmid Bruno , Rutar Alexandra , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the distribution patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients after standard mechanical periodontal therapy, and to determine factors increasing the odds to detect these target organisms in treated sites.Methods: Eight hundred fifty‐two (852) separate subgingival microbial samples were taken from the mesial and distal aspects of every tooth in 17 patients. Target organisms were identified culturally.Results: The 3 microorganisms showed different persistence patterns: P. gingivalis was detected in a high percentage of subjects (59%), but in a low proportion of sites (5.4%). P. intermedia/nigrescens was detected in all subjects except one, and in 40.6% of the tested sites. Only 5 subjects were A. actinomycetemcomitans positive, but 2 of them showed a very high number of positive sites (44% and 75%, respectively). A highly significant relationship was found between a subject's tendency to bleed upon sampling and the number of P. intermedia/nigrescenspositive sites. A significant portion of the variation in frequency of persisting P. gingivalis could be explained by the frequency of persisting pockets deeper than 4 mm. No similar relationship could be established between clinical parameters and A. actinomycetemcomitans. On a site level, the odds of detecting P. gingivalis increased by a factor of 2.47 (P = 0.0001) for every millimeter of residual probing depth; the odds of detecting P. intermedia/nigrescens increased by a factor of 1.84 (P = 0.0001).Conclusions: If, after standard mechanical periodontal therapy, a large number of sites continue to bleed, one may expect an increased number of sites positive for P. intermedia/nigrescens. If many deep pockets persist, a greater number of P. gingivalis‐positive sites can be expected. J Periodontol 2000; 71:14‐21.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Oral Elastase Activity in Adult Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Pauletto Nathalie C. , Liede Kirsti , Nieminen Anja , Larjava Hannu , Uitto Veli‐Jukka 
Published: February 2005

Background: We have previously reported that elastase activity in oral fluids is significantly increased in most adult periodontitis patients. In some patients, however, elastase levels remain low despite the presence of deep periodontal pockets. In this study we explored whether or not smoking is related to the unexpected low elastase values in these patients.Methods: We determined what proportion of the periodontitis patients that showed low oral elastase values were smokers. Paraffin‐stimulated saliva or oral rinse samples (3 ml of water, 30 second rinse) were assayed for elastase activity by incubating with 1 mM succinyl‐alanyl‐alanyl‐valine‐p‐nitroanilide for 20 hours at 37°C, and the color formation read with a spectrophotometer. Neutrophil numbers were analyzed by staining the cells in the oral rinse smear samples.Results: In 2 patient groups, one in Helsinki, Finland (n = 46) and the other in Vancouver, British Columbia (n = 25), 63% and 83%, respectively, of the adult periodontitis patients who had one or more pockets ≥6 mm and had low oral elastase values (increase of optical density <0.5) were smokers. Non‐smoking periodontitis patients had elevated neutrophil numbers compared to healthy subjects, while the smoking patients showed no significant change. Next we analyzed elastase levels in stimulated whole saliva in a group of smokers (n = 300) and those who had quit smoking (n = 102). Smokers had significantly lower oral elastase levels than former smokers in both advanced and moderate periodontitis groups. In this subject group, 56% of all smokers with periodontitis (at least one pocket ≥6 mm) had oral elastase values less than 0.5 U while only 31% of those patients who had quit smoking had low values.Conclusions: Cigarette smoking leads to lowered elastase and neutrophil levels in the oral cavity. The oral neutrophil elastase assay, therefore, cannot be used to measure the periodontal status of smokers. J Periodontol 2000;71:58‐62.
Relationship of Blood Glucose Level to Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs and Body Mass Index in a Permanent Israeli Military Population
Authors: Katz Joseph , Chaushu Gavriel , Sgan‐Cohen Harald D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of this study was to find a possible link between blood glucose levels and periodontal disease.Methods: In a prospective study the dental health of 10,590 military service men and women was examined. The relationships of periodontal condition, expressed as CPITN index, and blood glucose levels were tested. The effect of gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking was also evaluated.Results: Blood glucose levels were significantly and positively associated with severe periodontal disease, men, and higher BMI. Smoking did not affect blood glucose levels.Conclusions: Blood glucose levels might be associated with severe periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000;71:1521‐1527.
Effects of Roxithromycin on Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha‐Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells in Culture
Authors: Oyama Tohru , Sakuta Tetsuya , Matsushita Kenji , Maruyama Ikuro , Nagaoka Shigetaka , Torii Mitsuo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Aberrant angiogenesis is associated with lesion formation in chronic periodontitis. However, little is known about the mediators that contribute to angiogenesis or about therapeutic agents that control the production of the mediators. Roxithromycin (RXM), which is a new 14‐member macrolide antibiotic, has a wide antibacterial spectrum against oral pathogens and an immunomodulatory effect. In the present study, we examined the effects of RXM on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. In addition, the effect of RXM on VEGF expression in HPDL cells was examined.Methods: HPDL cells were plated at 5 × 105 cells/ml in 150 cm2 cell culture dishes. The confluent‐stage cells were pretreated with or without 10 μg/ml of RXM or other antibiotics in 1% FBS‐containing α‐MEM for 24 hours, followed by simultaneous treatment with 10 ng/ml of TNF‐α and 10 μg/ml of these antibiotics. After incubation for various periods, the culture supernatants and sediments were collected and analyzed by ELISA, Northern blot, and gel shift assays.Results: VEGF mRNA and its protein were constitutively expressed in HPDL cells, and the level of expression was markedly enhanced by stimulation with TNF‐α. RXM strongly inhibited the expression of VEGF mRNA and the production of VEGF. Furthermore, RXM suppressed activation of transcription factors AP‐1 and SP‐1, which were critical factors in VEGF transcription, in TNF‐α‐stimulated HPDL cells.Conclusion: These results indicate that TNF‐α, one of the proinflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, induces excess induction of VEGF in HPDL, which may account for increased angiogenesis in periodontitis lesions. Interestingly, the antibiotic roxithromycin inhibits TNF‐mediated VEGF induction, suggesting its possible therapeutic utility in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory conditions involving VEGF induction. J Periodontol 2000; 71:1546‐1553.
Cyclooxygenase‐2‐Dependent Prostaglandin Production by Peripheral Blood Monocytes Stimulated With Lipopolysaccharides Isolated From Periodontopathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Noguchi Kazuyuki , Yanai Masayuki , Shitashige Miki , Nishihara Tatsuji , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Recent studies have revealed the existence of 2 isozymes of cyclooxygenase (COX), called COX‐1 and COX‐2. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of COX‐1 and COX‐2 to PGE2 production by human peripheral blood monocytes that are stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from periodontopathogenic bacteria.Methods: LPS were isolated from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) by the phenol‐water method. Peripheral blood monocytes were stimulated with LPS for the indicated periods, and the levels of PGE2 or interleukin (IL)‐1β in the culture media were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of COX‐1 and ‐2 proteins was studied by immunocytochemical staining, and COX‐2 mRNA expression was examined by Northern blot analysis.Results: Peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans‐ or P. gingivalis‐LPS produced PGE2 in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Indomethacin, a non‐selective COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibitor, and NS‐398, a specific COX‐2 inhibitor, completely inhibited PGE2 production. Immunocytochemical staining of COX‐1 and COX‐2 proteins showed that expression of COX‐2 protein was increased in monocytes that were stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans‐ or P. gingivalis‐LPS, compared with that in unstimulated monocytes, whereas expression of COX‐1 protein was not altered. Northern blot analysis showed that monocytes stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans‐ or P. gingivalis‐LPS expressed COX‐2 mRNA, while COX‐2 mRNA was not detectable in unstimulated cells. Treatment of A. actinomycetemcomitans‐LPS‐stimulated monocytes with NS‐398 induced a significant increase of IL‐1β production to the same extent as treatment with indomethacin.Conclusions: These results suggest that COX‐2 is induced in monocytes stimulated with LPS derived from A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis and that the COX‐2 is primarily responsible for PGE2 production. COX‐2 may be pivotal in PGE2 production in periodontal lesions and may be involved in inflammatory responses. J Periodontol 2000;71:1575‐1582.
Amine Fluoride/Stannous Fluoride and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes as Adjuncts to Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Horwitz Jacob , Machtei Eli E. , Peled Micha , Laufer Dov 
Published: February 2005

Background: Postsurgical mouthwashes are routinely used in clinical studies and also in daily clinical practice. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) has long been the gold standard for supragingival chemical plaque control regimens. Amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2) formulations have also been extensively studied and shown to have an antibacterial effect and be useful as antiplaque agents. The antibacterial effect of AmF/SnF2 and its minimal extrinsic tooth staining make it a possible alternative to CHX as an adjunct to periodontal surgical therapy. The aim of this double‐blind, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the combined effect of an AmF/SnF2 or a CHX mouthwash and surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal parameters.Methods: Thirty‐two patients with at least 3 pockets ≥5 mm in the same quadrant were selected for this study, following a hygienic phase of therapy. They were randomized into 2 treatment groups: surgical flap debridement and a postsurgical CHX mouthwash or surgical flap debridement and an AmF/SnF2 postsurgical mouthwash, performed twice daily for 3 weeks. Clinical measurements were taken at baseline and 3 and 12 weeks postsurgery.Results: Both treatment modalities resulted in significant improvements in probing depth and clinical attachment level. There was no significant difference between groups in any of the recorded parameters. Staining index at week 3 in the CHX group was significantly higher than in the AmF/SnF2 group (P <0.05). However these differences leveled down at 12 weeks.Conclusions: Our results support the alternative use of an AmF/SnF2 mouthwash in plaque control management of patients following flap debridement surgery. J Periodontol 2000;71:1601‐1606.
The Use of a Bioabsorbable Barrier for Regenerative Management of Marginal Tissue Recession. I. Report of 100 Consecutively Treated Teeth
Authors: Boltchi Farhad E. , Allen Edward P. , Hallmon William W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontal plastic surgical procedures aimed at coverage of exposed root surfaces have evolved into routine treatment modalities. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness and the predictability of a bioabsorbable barrier in the treatment of human recession defects utilizing a single‐step surgical procedure.Methods: One hundred consecutive single and multiple adjacent Miller Class I, II, and III buccal recession defects in 41 patients were treated with a combination of a bioabsorbable barrier and coronally advanced flap technique. Clinical parameters were recorded immediately prior to surgery, at 3 months, and after a minimum of 6 months.Results: A highly significant reduction in recession depth from a mean value of 3.2 ± 0.9 mm preoperatively to 0.3 ± 0.5 mm postoperatively, corresponding to a mean root coverage of 92.7% ± 14.1%, was obtained. Complete (100%) root coverage was obtained in 75% of the sites. Factors adversely affecting root coverage were membrane exposure postoperatively and preoperative recession depth ≥4 mm. In addition, inferior results were achieved at mandibular incisor and maxillary molar sites. Factors having no effect on root coverage included maxillary versus mandibular sites and single versus multiple adjacent sites.Conclusions: The use of guided tissue regeneration in periodontal plastic surgery is highly predictable, and highly esthetic root coverage can be gained without requiring a second surgical procedure or a second surgical site and is, therefore, an attractive alternative to conventional grafting techniques. J Periodontol 2000;71:1641‐1653.