bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Challenges in the Assessment of Psychiatric Illness among Persons with Speech and Hearing Impairments in India
Authors: Joseph Sincy Treesa , Rao Aishwarya , Perugu Shalini , Sethuraman Bhuvaneshwari 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatric illness among the hearing impaired does not vary from the general population. This case series highlights two different presentations of psychiatric illness in speech and hearing-impaired patients. The first case describes a patient that was diagnosed to have unspecified nonorganic psychosis after a detailed assessment and observation. The second case describes the challenges in diagnosing depression versus organicity. Difficulties in communication act as a barrier to psychiatric assessment, and there are no clear guidelines for the same. Both of these cases summarize the challenges faced in assessment, mental status examination, the lack of knowledge of linguistics hindering assessment, and the paucity of literature on psychiatric problems in speech and hearing impaired, especially in India. We found that these may be overcome by consistent ward observation, assessment of psychomotor activity, affect, functional analysis of aggression, and course and duration of the presenting illness.
Developing a Framework to Guide the Evaluation of Training in Research Skills for Health and Care Professionals
Authors: Sabey Abigail , Biddle Michele , Bray Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Delivering research skills training to health professionals through short, applied sessions outside a formal higher education program, can help fill gaps in training and build research capacity in clinical settings. This has been the endeavor of some of the Applied Research Collaborations funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research in England since 2014. How to evaluate this type of training in terms of the wider impact it may have, has not featured heavily in the literature and methods have largely borrowed from more generic approaches to training evaluation which can over-simplify outcomes and ignore longer-term impacts.

Methods:
We developed the framework in four stages: mapping potential impacts of our research skills training courses to identify key concepts; shaping into three domains in which impact could be expected, informed by established definitions of research capacity building; testing the initial framework and adapting wording of impacts; refining the framework into a practical tool.

Results:
The final framework specifies types of impact in three domains of influence – individual, group/organization and health system, and maps these against key questions to guide inquiry, as well as suggested methods for capturing the impact and expected timeframe for each type of impact.

Discussion:
The framework provides a structure for guiding the evaluation of research training as well as a focus on medium-longer term impacts, encouraging a broader and continuous approach to evaluation. It is hoped this will support educators in other contexts and fields, in the planning of a wider range of training evaluation activities, to capture impact more fully.
Risk Factors for Development of Early Onset Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus (PTDM) – A Prospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in India
Authors: Garg Abhishek , Nandwani Ashish , Jain Manish , Jha Pranaw Kumar 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Kidney transplantation is the best form of kidney replacement therapy. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an important complication seen in transplant recipients. The present study was done to identify the incidence and risk factors for the development of early-onset PTDM at a tertiary care center in India.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study carried out from May 1, 2016, to April 30, 2017, at a tertiary care center and included all the adult first transplant recipients. The patients were followed up for six months after transplantation and the incidence of early PTDM was noted. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, PTDM and non-PTDM groups to identify risk factors for PTDM and to compare the outcome between the two groups.

Results:
This study included 66 patients. Patients developing PTDM had higher age (44.07 ± 9.69 years vs. 35.98 ± 11.17 years; P = 0.013), significantly higher prevalence of family history of diabetes (57.14% vs. 15.38%; P = 0.001), higher pretransplant fasting plasma blood glucose (93.86 ± 8.59 mg/dL vs. 86.21 ± 7.53 mg/dL; P = 0.007), and higher pretransplant glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (5.2% ± 0.39% vs. 4.9% ± 0.52%; P = 0.006). We did not find any association of PTDM with obesity, gender, type of induction therapy, hepatitis C infection, cytomegalovirus infection, and mean trough tacrolimus levels.

Conclusions:
In our study, patients who developed PTDM were of higher age, with increased levels of fasting blood sugar and HbA1c pretransplant, had a family history of diabetes, and were likely to have received antirejection therapy.
Diagnostic role of immunohistochemical markers CK19 and CD56 in thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Priyadarshini Pallavi , Patro Manoj Kumar , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer, with an increasing prevalence. The possibility of a malignant neoplasm is the primary concern in people with thyroid nodules. The presence of a plethora of variants complicates the diagnostic process. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), found in normal thyroid follicular epithelium, is upregulated during neoplastic transformation, and CD56, a neural cell adhesion molecule, is downregulated in thyroid follicular cells. This study suggests the use of CK19 and CD56 in combination will help differentiate thyroid neoplasms.

Materials and Methods:
Total/hemithyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, Odisha, India, suspected of malignancy, were processed for routine histopathological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining using CK19 and CD56. The outcomes of each case were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 36 cases were evaluated, and the expression of CK19 was found to be 88% sensitive and 79% specific in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid neoplasms. The absence of CD56 expression was found to have 82% sensitivity and 74% specificity in detecting malignant thyroid neoplasms. The combined use of both markers has a sensitivity and specificity of 70.59% and 78.95%.

Conclusion:
The routine use of CK19 and CD56 by IHC will aid in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms.
Effectiveness of upper limb and scapular stabilization exercises in college students suffering from recurrent trapezitis
Authors: Yadav Trupti , Gherwara Kusha N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Trapezitis is an inflammation of the trapezius muscle, which is located in the upper back and neck. Symptoms of trapezitis include pain and tenderness in the affected area, stiffness in the neck and shoulders, and difficulty moving the arms. The condition can be caused by injury, overuse, or poor posture. The primary purpose of the present experimental study was to prevent pain and help students write efficiently in their exams. Biomechanics is the knowledge of illuminating how and why the human body moves in the manner that it does. Biomechanics can be applied to studying the causes, treatment, and prevention of injuries. The research can analyze the forces at work that can lead to recurrent trapezitis and how exercises, posture, or ergonomic advice might reduce the risk of injury.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 37 students suffering from recurrent trapezitis were selected for this study. They were assessed pre- and postinterventions using electromyography, hand dynamometry, writing speed, and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). NPRS was taken thrice, pre- and postinterventions, and after students appeared for their exams.

Results:
Upper limb and scapular stabilization exercises positively impacted students with recurrent trapezitis. They significantly reduced exam pain and increased writing speed after the exercise protocol. Students reported that they could write more efficiently and comfortably with better concentration (NPRS and hand dynamometry P value; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that overwriting could be a primary reason leading to chronic neck pain and trapezitis. Poor posture and ergonomics can aggravate the condition leading to a negative impact on writing exams as well as activities of daily living. Regular upper limb and scapular stabilization exercises can strengthen the muscles, prevent recurring pain, and avoid recurrent trapezitis.
Benign breast cyst in a young male patient diagnosed on cytopathology: Report of a rare case
Authors: Khan Sabina , Gupta Arushi , Husain Musharraf , Mohroo Rubeena , Sehgal Shivali , Jetley Sujata 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely accepted procedure for evaluating breast masses. Cystic lesions in female breasts are common. However, they are incredibly uncommon in male breasts, especially in cytology. Here, we report a rare benign breast cyst diagnosis on FNAC in a 26-year-old male patient without associated gynecomastia. A 26-year-old male patient presented to surgery outpatient department with left breast swelling for 3 months. He had no history of pain, nipple discharge, or fever. The patient, however, was on antitubercular treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. On physical examination, a small diffuse 5–6 mm lump was palpable in the left breast. Ultrasound revealed a soft small tissue lesion in the superior aspect of the left areola with the suspicious flow on color flow Doppler following which FNAC was advised. Aspiration yielded scanty fluid. On microscopy, smears showed low cellularity comprising few monolayered sheets and small aggregates of benign ductal epithelial cells admixed with a fair number of cystic macrophages in a fluid background. There was no evidence of malignancy. Thus, a cytologic diagnosis of a benign breast cyst was rendered. This is the first case report describing the cytology of a benign breast cyst diagnosed in a male patient as young as 26 without associated gynecomastia. We report this case because of the rarity of this condition and to create awareness that breast cysts should also be kept in mind when dealing with male breast masses, thus avoiding unnecessary surgery, especially in a young men.
Trends in malaria prevention and vector control intervention among pregnant women and children under 5 years in Nigeria
Authors: Sanni Felix Olaniyi , Bello Ahmed Mamuda , Abimbola Oyewande Azeezat , Conteh Ishata Nannie , Ogun Adebanke Adetutu , Ariyo Abimbola Oluseyi , Afelumo Olaide Lateef , Tomori Michael Olabode , Amoo Olubunmi Elizabeth , Aguh Anthony Chuks , Ogunniyi Abiodun Olakunle , Abiodun Olaiya Paul , Iyobosa Igbinovia Friday 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Malaria is a severe public health issue in more than 91 nations around the world, with 80% of the illness burden falling on sub-Saharan Africa. The rationale behind this study is to know the level at which malaria prevention and vector control intervention are utilized in the four selected states. Thus, this study examines the trends in the utilization of malaria prevention and vector control intervention among pregnant women and children under 5 years in Nigeria from 2017 to 2019.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in four states in Nigeria (Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Ebonyi, and Oyo). The study used secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and National Malaria Indicator Survey for 2017–2019. We compared the findings across the study years and the 2013 Nigeria DHS report. Data were exported and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.

Results:
An overall rate of 59% of pregnant women received intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp1) across the four states. Akwa-Ibom had the highest rate (73%) with the lowest dropout. There was a general decline in the rate of pregnant women provided with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) across the four states, with an overall rate of 44% between 2017 and 2019. Furthermore, there was an increase in women who received 2+ doses and 3+ doses of IPTp across the four states between 2013 and 2018. However, only Cross River recorded a marginal improvement of 2+ IPTp coverage of 75% compared to 12% in the 2013 DHS report. There was a slightly higher prevalence of fever among under-5years children in 2018 compared to the 2013 DHS report.

Conclusion:
Malaria prevention and vector control among pregnant women and children under 5 years between 2017 and 2019 are relatively low. Efforts should be made to improve the uptake and stockout of IPTP and LLIN in facilities.
Clinical, pathological, and surgical aspects of ovarian torsion
Authors: Vijan Tanya S , Gupta Kalpana , Adam Aisha F , Anurag Aakriti , Joshi Saumya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Ovarian torsion accounts for 1%–6% of surgical treatment for adnexal masses. Its incidence rises during pregnancy but is rare, and there are varied predisposing factors. However, the etiology remains unknown.

Materials and Methods:
The cases of ovarian torsion over 2 years (2020–2022) at MGM Women’s Hospital, Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai, India, have been reported duly reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
Twelve of eighteen adnexal torsions occurred in the right adnexa (67%). Of the four pregnant patients, three had a right-sided adnexal torsion (75%). Right anticlockwise adnexal torsion was the most common entity noted. The most common types of ovarian cysts are dermoid cysts and serous cystadenomas, corresponding to this study, with 77.8% of the cases having either histopathological findings.

Conclusion:
Ovarian torsion is an urgent gynecological condition that needs prompt intervention. Modalities such as laparotomy, laparoscopy, or conservative management with detorsion can be the treatment of choice. Maximum adnexal torsion occurs on the right side. A large amount of right-sided adnexal torsion has rotation anticlockwise manner, whereas most left-sided adnexal torsion spin clockwise.
Cosmetic gynecology: An emerging subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Verma Manvi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cosmetic gynecology is the upcoming super specialty of obstetrics and gynecology that has gained momentum over the last decade globally. These procedures differ from other aesthetic surgical procedures as they focus on the functional enhancement of female sexuality apart from the aesthetic improvement of genitalia. However, many controversies exist in the cosmetic gynecology domain regarding its applications, morality, need, etc. It is the need of the hour to encourage the practice and skill-based learning in this specialty across the academic institutions on the scientific path so that unspoken and unmet needs of women are addressed at the local level, thereby overcoming the present challenges of affordability and lack of awareness. This review article aimed to briefly describe the scope and latest developments in the field of cosmetic gynecology.
Study of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease with special reference to common carotid artery intimal medial thickness
Authors: Tejaswini Nagesh , Krishna Mechiri Vogga , Raghav Gutur Nagarajaiah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
It is generally known that chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is controversy on the correlations between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and subclinical atherosclerosis in CKD patients. This study assessed the cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD and estimated the common CIMT in patients with CKD.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study was carried out for 1 year and included 100 CKD patients. A detailed history of the patients was recorded in the predesigned proforma. Patients underwent thorough examination, blood investigation, and CIMT measurement using ultrasonography. The statistical software, namely SPSS 18.0 and R environment ver.3.2.2, were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The mean age group of the patients in the study was 52.58 ± 6.31 years. CKD was more common in male patients in the present study. Most patients were in CKD stage 3 (32%) and stage 4 (67%). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was present in 42% of CKD subjects in this study, indicating a high prevalence of LVH in CKD. The mean CIMT of the study group was 1.14 ± 0.29, which showed an increase in CIMT in all CKD patients.

Conclusion:
CKD patients are at higher risk for developing CVD in various forms. Thus, early diagnosis using CIMT measurement, a noninvasive, safe, easily performed, and relatively cost-effective technique, will probably help in early intervention to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD patients.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive marker for acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kashyap Aviral , Ahmed Junaid , Thakkar Mitesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Measurement of a simple inflammatory marker like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could improve the risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially in a limited resource country like ours. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of NLR in determining ACS.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted. A total of 101 patients suffering from angina/angina equivalents with electrocardiography (ECG) changes or typical elevation of cardiac enzymes (troponin T/creatinine phosphokinase-MB [CPK-MB]) who present to the hospital within 12 h of the onset of symptoms were selected and analyzed for the study.

Results:
The study found that NLR significantly correlated with CPK-MB and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Conclusion:
It was found that NLR showed significant correlations with CPK-MB and LVEF, indicating its usefulness as a predictive factor for the severity of ACS. NLR was also not affected by the type of ACS or other comorbidities/risk factors of diabetes and hypertension, indicating its role as an independent prognostic factor in ACS.
Association of developmental milestones with vitamin B12 and folate status among hospitalized severe acute malnutrition children at a tertiary care center in North India
Authors: Verma Ganesh K , Chand Ramesh , Khan Imran A , Kumar Ashok , Yadav Rajesh K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a severe form of malnutrition affecting nearly 20 million children worldwide. Besides increasing the risk of death and disease, malnutrition also leads to growth retardation and impaired psychosocial and cognitive development. Vitamin B12 and folate are water-soluble essential micronutrients critical in average growth and development, particularly during infancy and childhood. A deficiency of folate and vitamin B12 can result in anemia, poor growth, and increased infections, and vitamin B12 deficiency can cause irreversible neurologic damage to the developing brain. We conducted this study to assess serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in children with SAM at admission and determine its relation with their developmental milestones.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred admitted SAM children between ages 6 and 59 months were taken to assess serum folate and vitamin B12 levels status in a tertiary care hospital and determine its relation with their developmental milestones.

Results:
The majority of the participants were in the age group 6–12 months (64%), rural (95%), the lower class of socioeconomic status (76%), and incomplete immunization (63%). Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were found to be significantly associated with different domains of childhood development.

Conclusion:
This analysis revealed a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among malnourished children aged 6–59 months. We found that serum vitamin B12 level and folic acid were significantly associated with developmental delay in all domains (gross motor, fine motor, language, and social) of milestones.
Prevalence and risk factors of acquired aplastic anemia among men aged 15 years and above referred for hematological consultation at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospital Zimbabwe 2020–2022: A case-control study
Authors: Makaza Mutsa , Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak , Mahamane Salissou Maibouge Tanko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Data on aplastic anemia (AA) is currently very scarce in Africa and Zimbabwe, despite rising cases of acquire aplastic anemia (AAA) observed among young men. We explore AAA risk factors, hematological parameters, patient prevalence, and control.

Materials and Methods:
This is a case-control study. We reviewed cases of AAA admitted in a referral hospital receiving hematological consultation in Parirenyatwa Group of Hospital Zimbabwe 2020–2022. Male patients 15 years and above were grouped into two groups: AAA cases and controls selected from the same institute admitted for other hematological conditions. Hematological characteristics, sociodemographic, and exposure risk factors were compiled. Odds ratios and 95% CI were computed. Records including’ full blood count, peripheral smear, occupation, and underlying conditions were presented as mean, percentage, chi-square test, and t-test were set at P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results:
Most AAA were in the age range of 24–30. Urban residency is significantly associated with AAA; 100% of AAA have no history of familial AA. No statistical significance in hematological parameters was observed between AAA cases and control by chi-square and t-test. The global prevalence of AAA was 27%, 5.59% had hepatitis, 4.34% were HIV positive, 2.27% had prostate cancer, and 36 AAA cases had pancytopenia. The chi-square test indicated risk factors medication, chloramphenicol, HIV, and hepatitis are not associated with AAA at the opposite of pancytopenia 36 points of AAA (82%).

Conclusion:
No significant difference in the hematological parameter in AAA cases versus control. The prevalence of AAA was 27%, which is high compared to other African countries. The majority of AAA cases have pancytopenia (82%). Residency, age, hepatitis, and HIV risk factors were related to AAA.