bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The magic renormalisability of affine Gaudin models
Authors: Hassler Falk , Lacroix Sylvain , Vicedo Benoît 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the renormalisation of a large class of integrable σ-models obtained in the framework of affine Gaudin models. They are characterised by a simple Lie algebra $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
and a rational twist function φ(z) with simple zeros, a double pole at infinity but otherwise no further restrictions on the pole structure. The crucial tool used in our analysis is the interpretation of these integrable theories as $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models, which are σ-models studied in the context of Poisson-Lie T-duality and which are known to be at least one- and two-loop renormalisable. The moduli space of $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models still contains many non-integrable theories. We identify the submanifold formed by affine Gaudin models and relate its tangent space to curious matrices and semi-magic squares. In particular, these results provide a criteria for the stability of these integrable models under the RG-flow. At one loop, we show that this criteria is satisfied and derive a very simple expression for the RG-flow of the twist function, proving a conjecture made earlier in the literature.
Exploring the β symmetry of supergravity
Authors: Baron Walter H. , Marqués Diego , Núñez Carmen A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Kaluza-Klein reductions of low energy string effective actions possess a continuous O(d, d) symmetry. The non-geometric elements of this group, parameterized by a bi-vector β, are not inherited from the symmetries of the higher-dimensional theory, but constitute instead a symmetry enhancement produced by the isometries of the background. The realization of this enhancement in the parent theory was recently defined as β symmetry, a powerful tool that allows to avoid the field reparameterizations of the Kaluza-Klein procedure. In this paper we further explore this symmetry and its impact on the first order α′-corrections. We derive the β transformation rules from the frame formulation of Double Field Theory (DFT), and connect them to the corresponding rules in the Metsaev-Tseytlin and Bergshoeff-de Roo supergravity schemes. It follows from our results that β symmetry is a necessary condition for the uplift of string α′-expansions to DFT.
Exponential Rationals
Authors: Sablik Maciej , Shulman Ekaterina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral authors studied the so called exponential polynomials, characterized as solutions to the equation $$\begin{aligned} f(x+y) = \sum _{k=1}^nu_i(x)v_i(y). \end{aligned}$$

f

(
x
+
y
)

=

∑

k
=
1

n

u
i

(
x
)

v
i

(
y
)

.

In the present paper we deal with a more general equation $$\begin{aligned} \sum _{j=1}^M P_j(x,y) f_j(a_jx + c_j y) = \sum _{k=1}^n u_k(x)v_k(y). \end{aligned}$$

∑

j
=
1

M

P
j

(
x
,
y
)

f
j

(

a
j

x
+

c
j

y
)

=

∑

k
=
1

n

u
k

(
x
)

v
k

(
y
)

.

Here all $$f_j, \ u_k, \ v_k$$

f
j

,

u
k

,

v
k

are assumed to be unknown scalar functions on $${\mathbb {R}}^d,$$

R

d

,

while $$P_j$$

P
j

are polynomials. We prove that $$f_j$$

f
j

are ratios of exponential polynomials and polynomials, or sums of exponential functions multiplied by rational functions.
Injury to the posterior malleolus in Maisonneuve fractures
Authors: Tuček Michal , Bartoníček Jan , Fojtík Petr , Kamin Konrad , Rammelt Stefan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and a complex pathoanatomy of posterior malleolus fractures in a Maisonneuve fracture.

Methods
The study included 100 prospectively collected patients with a complete clinical and radiological documentation of an ankle fracture or fracture-dislocation including a fracture of the proximal quarter of the fibula.

Results
A posterior malleolus fracture was identified in 74 patients, and in 27% of these cases it carried more than one quarter of the fibular notch. Displacement of the posterior fragment by more than 2 mm was shown by scans in 72% of cases. Small intercalary fragments were identified in 43% of cases. Fractures of the Tillaux–Chaput tubercle were identified in 20 patients.

Conclusion
Our study has proved a high rate of posterior malleolus fractures associated with a Maisonneuve fracture, and documented their considerable variability in terms of involvement of the fibular notch, tibiotalar contact area, direction of displacement and frequency of intercalary fragments. Of no less importance is a combination of Tillaux–Chaput fractures with a Maisonneuve fracture.
A narrative commentary about interoperability in medical devices and data used in diabetes therapy from an academic EU/UK/US perspective
Authors: Jendle Johan , Adolfsson Peter , Choudhary Pratik , Dovc Klemen , Fleming Alexander , Klonoff David C. , Mader Julia K. , Oliver Nick , Sherr Jennifer L. , Šoupal Jan , Heinemann Lutz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeople living with diabetes have many medical devices available to assist with disease management. A critical aspect that must be considered is how systems for continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps communicate with each other and how the data generated by these devices can be downloaded, integrated, presented and used. Not only is interoperability associated with practical challenges, but also devices must adhere to all aspects of regulatory and legal frameworks. Key issues around interoperability in terms of data ownership, privacy and the limitations of interoperability include where the responsibility/liability for device and data interoperability lies and the need for standard data-sharing protocols to allow the seamless integration of data from different sources. There is a need for standardised protocols for the open and transparent handling of data and secure integration of data into electronic health records. Here, we discuss the current status of interoperability in medical devices and data used in diabetes therapy, as well as regulatory and legal issues surrounding both device and data interoperability, focusing on Europe (including the UK) and the USA. We also discuss a potential future landscape in which a clear and transparent framework for interoperability and data handling also fulfils the needs of people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals.
Graphical Abstract
An enhanced stress resultant plasticity model for shell structures with application in sheet metal roll forming
Authors: Kocbay Emin , Scheidl Jakob , Schwarzinger Fabian , Vetyukov Yury 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe proposed Kirchhoff-Love shell stress resultant plasticity model extends a previously reported model for plates by complementing the constitutive law of elastoplasticity with membrane effects. This enhanced model is designed for bending dominant settings with small to moderate membrane forces. It is thus implemented in a purpose-built nonlinear mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian finite element scheme for the simulation of sheet metal roll forming. Numerical experiments by imposing artificial strain histories on a through-the-thickness element are conducted to test the model against previously reported stress resultant plasticity models and to validate it against the traditional continuum plasticity approach that features an integration of relations of elastoplasticity in a set of grid points distributed over the thickness. Results of actual roll forming simulations demonstrate the practicality in comparison to the computationally more expensive continuum plasticity approach.
Microstructure-induced anisotropic tribological properties of Sc-Zr modified Al–Mg alloy (Scalmalloy®) produced via laser powder bed fusion process
Authors: Abdi Ata , Salehi Majid Seyed , Fatemi Seyed Ali , Iuliano Luca , Saboori Abdollah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, the correlation between the microstructure and tribological performance of Sc and Zr-modified Al–Mg alloy (Scalmalloy®) samples produced via laser powder bed fusion process was evaluated via a dry sliding Pin-on-Disc wear test under different planes, directions, and various normal applied loads. The results revealed a remarkable dependency of wear properties on the as-built microstructure so that different behaviors were observed along the scanning and building planes. The microstructural examination indicated the presence of bi-modal grains and finely shaped equiaxed grains observed in the building and scanning planes, respectively. Increasing the applied loads from 20 to 40 N led to a significant increase in the coefficient of friction (COF) while increasing the load from 40 to 60 N, slightly decreasing the COF for the studied samples. No dependency was found between the COF and the corresponding microstructure at the highest applied load. The anisotropic wear resistance and COF values were predominant at the lowest applied load. Due to tailored as-built microstructural features and different microhardness values, lower wear rates were noticed along the scanning plane for all applied loads. Under the 20 N applied load, however, the worn surface of the scanning plane showed a clearer and smoother surface compared to the building plane surfaces. Ultra-fine equiaxed grains along the scanning plane and columnar grains along the building plane were determined as the main factors creating anisotropic tribological behavior. The outcomes of this study can pave the way toward producing more wear-resistant surfaces and developing components for critical wear applications in as-built conditions with no need for expensive and time-consuming surface treatments.
All eyes on PCS: analysis of the retinal microvasculature in patients with post-COVID syndrome—study protocol of a 1 year prospective case–control study
Authors: Kuchler Timon , Hausinger Renate , Braunisch Matthias C. , Günthner Roman , Wicklein Rebecca , Knier Benjamin , Bleidißel Nathalie , Maier Matthias , Ribero Andrea , Lech Maciej , Adorjan Kristina , Stubbe Hans , Kotilar Konstantin , Heemann Uwe , Schmaderer Christoph 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince widespread vaccination against COVID-19, the development of effective antiviral drugs, and the decreasing number of patients with COVID-19 in intensive care, the risk from SARS-CoV-2 infection appears less threatening. However, studies show that a significant number of patients suffer from long-term sequelae, even months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The so-called post-COVID syndrome (PCS) often presents a diagnostic and treatment challenge for physicians. This study protocol describes the “All Eyes on PCS” study, which aims to investigate the retinal microvasculature in PCS patients and COVID-19-recovered patients to provide new insights into the pathophysiology of PCS. “All Eyes on PCS” is a prospective, case–control study with the primary objective of detecting endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with PCS. Therefore, we intend to recruit patients with PCS, fully SARS-CoV-2-infection-recovered (CR) participants, and SARS-CoV-2-infection-naïve (CN) participants. Baseline measurements will include: (1) patient-specific characteristics, (2) biochemistry, (3) retinal vessel analysis (RVA), (4) survey questionnaires as patient-reported outcomes measurements (PROMs), (5) optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and adaptive optics (AO), (6) blood pressure recordings, (7) handgrip strength test. After 6 months, baseline measurements will be repeated in the PCS cohort, and after 1 year, a telephone query will be conducted to assess residual symptoms and treatment needs. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the pathophysiology of PCS and to provide an objective biomarker for diagnosis and treatment, while also creating a comprehensive clinical database of PCS patients.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05635552; Date: 2.12.2022.
Corporate sustainability, investment, and capital structure
Authors: Nishihara Michi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study develops a real options model in which a firm invests in either a sustainable project or an unsustainable project. The sustainable project requires a high investment cost and yields cash flows perpetually, whereas the unsustainable project requires a low investment cost and yields cash flows until a random maturity. The random termination of cash flows reflects the project’s environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk. In the model, the optimal investment choice and timing are analytically derived, and the effects of key parameters on the choice are also examined. Higher ESG risk, growth rate, and volatility, and lower discount rate encourage sustainable investing mainly through their impacts on the net present value and timing option value. The less sustainable firm chooses higher leverage because it cares less about the disadvantages of debt. Therefore, access to debt financing and a higher corporate tax rate (tax shield) discourage sustainable investing.
The $$\kappa $$-core and the $$\kappa $$-balancedness of TU games
Authors: Bartl David , Pintér Miklós 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider transferable utility cooperative games with infinitely many players. In particular, we generalize the notions of core and balancedness, and also the Bondareva–Shapley Theorem for infinite TU games with and without restricted cooperation, to the cases where the core consists of $$\kappa $$
κ
-additive set functions. Our generalized Bondareva–Shapley Theorem extends previous results by Bondareva (Problemy Kibernetiki 10:119–139, 1963), Shapley (Naval Res Logist Q 14:453–460, 1967), Schmeidler (On balanced games with infinitely many players, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1967), Faigle (Zeitschrift für Oper Res 33(6):405–422, 1989), Kannai (J Math Anal Appl 27:227–240, 1969; The core and balancedness, handbook of game theory with economic applications, North-Holland, 1992), Pintér (Linear Algebra Appl 434(3):688–693, 2011) and Bartl and Pintér (Oper Res Lett 51(2):153–158, 2023).
Parametric pushover curve model for seismic performance assessment of building stock
Authors: Fazarinc Neja , Babič Anže , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn effective assessment of the seismic risk of building stock is important for informing stakeholders and developing strategies to improve community seismic resilience. To address this need, a parametric pushover curve model for seismic performance assessment of building stock is introduced. The model employs twelve parameters for estimating the trilinear pushover curve. The models of these parameters are developed specifically for reinforced concrete and masonry buildings in Slovenia by focusing on the low level of knowledge about the building. Consequently, it can be used for preliminary studies of seismic performance assessment of building stock to raise awareness about seismic risk. To evaluate its efficacy, the model was applied to assess the seismic performance of the University of Ljubljana’s building stock. Because of uncertainties arising from the lack of knowledge about the buildings and the associated assumptions, the results were interpreted relative to those obtained for a new building stock scenario. The case study revealed that the seismic capacity in terms of the limit state peak ground acceleration of the building stock is only half of what would be expected in the new building stock scenario, highlighting a significant seismic risk. These findings emphasise the need for systematic efforts to enhance the seismic safety of the building stock under consideration. Further research is recommended to explore the model's accuracy concerning the level of knowledge about the building, which will contribute to a better understanding of its applicability.
Intraspecific divergence of sexual size dimorphism and reproductive strategies in a polytypic poison frog
Authors: Schlippe Justicia Lia , Mayer Martin , Lorioux-Chevalier Ugo , Dittrich Carolin , Rojas Bibiana , Chouteau Mathieu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntraspecific variation in body size, both among populations and between sexes, is an important factor influencing life-history strategies. This variation might be the response to different environmental conditions, as well as natural and sexual selection, and can result in differences in behavior and reproductive strategies among populations. Here, we use the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) as a model to investigate how interpopulation variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism affects reproductive strategies. As body size increased, sexual size dimorphism also increased, i.e., females were larger than males, and more so in populations with overall larger frogs. This indicates that there is a stronger selection for body size in females than in males, likely as a response to divergent reproductive investment between the sexes. Females from larger-bodied populations produced larger clutches, but the overall number of froglets produced per clutch did not differ among populations. We discuss potential causes and mechanisms that might be responsible for the observed divergence in body size, sexual size dimorphism, and reproductive strategies among populations that likely represent local adaptations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cross-population studies, cautioning against drawing general conclusions about a species’ ecology without accounting for intraspecific variation.
On-farm use of recycled liquid ammonium sulphate in Southwest Germany using a participatory approach
Authors: Müller Benedikt , Hartung Jens , von Cossel Moritz , Lewandowski Iris , Müller Torsten , Bauerle Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor political and environmental reasons, there is an urgent need for alternatives to energy-intensive synthetic fertilizers. One solution is the targeted recycling of nutrients within agriculture. In this study, liquid ammonium sulphate (LAS) as a recycling product derived from digestate treatment was compared to calcium ammonium nitrate, manure and original digestates in an on-farm experiment using a participatory approach. Based on regular meetings with the farmers involved, a flexible experimental design was developed which integrated the fertilization legislation and the farmers’ operational structures already in place, such as crop rotation, available application techniques and manure management demands. The aim was to achieve both implementation practicability and acceptance of the study results by the farmers. Results from the year 2020 showed that LAS applied with three-jet nozzles in barley and wheat had significantly lower yields than the other fertilizers. Applied with a slurry tanker trailing shoe applicator in 2021, LAS had comparable yields to the other fertilizers in maize (51.2 t ha−1) and comparable yields to digestate in rapeseed (4.4 t ha−1). Application techniques that minimize environmental impacts and lower the LAS pH could potentially increase the effectiveness of the fertilizer. We recommend that farmers use this fertilizer not as a single solution but as a mineral compensatory fertilizer in addition to organic fertilizers following local fertilizer legislation. In this case, LAS could potentially substitute calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN).
Online Distributed Relative Positioning Utilizing Multiple Cooperative Autonomous Agents
Authors: Souli Nicolas , Kolios Panayiotis , Ellinas Georgios 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrently, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) utilizes global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in conjunction with other modalities for localization purposes. Nevertheless, this approach faces robustness issues when GNSS signals become unavailable or sensors malfunction. Clearly, the robustness of the system increases considerably when multiple UAV agents are employed to perform collaborative positioning. In this work, an online distributed solution is proposed for relative localization, which incorporates multiple UAVs together with Signals of Opportunity (SOPs) as well as inertial, visual, and optical flow measurements. The proposed localization system includes relative self-localization of each UAV agent, as well as a reliable distributed relative positioning system (DRPS) for each UAV based on the relative positions from other UAV agents in its vicinity. The latter positioning strategy is required in case the relative self-localization fails, mainly due to such problems as inertial measurement unit (IMU) accumulated error drift, camera sensor errors, or SOP shortfalls due to multipath or antenna obstruction. Extensive field experiments validate the proposed technique and demonstrate increased localization accuracy and robustness when compared to the benchmark approach that does not include cooperation between UAVs.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of either or both mirabegron and silodosin, as a medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones
Authors: Abdel-Kader Mohammad Sayed , Sayed Ahmed Mohammad , Sayed Sondos Mohammad , AbdelRazek Mostafa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate efficacy and safety of either or both silodosin and mirabegron as MET for distal ureteric stones ≤ 10 mm.

Patients and methods
This study enrolled a total of 105 patients, aged between 20 and 56 years, diagnosed by single radiopaque distal ureteral stone measuring ≤ 10 mm. The recruitment period spanned from May 2020 to December 2021. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, with each group consisting of 35 participants. Group A received a once-daily dose of 8 mg of silodosin, group B received a once-daily dose of 50 mg of mirabegron, and group C received a combination of both medications. Treatment was administered to all patients until the stone was expelled or for a maximum duration of four weeks. The stone-free rate was determined by analyzing KUB films with or without ultrasonography.

Results
The rate of stone expulsion was significantly higher in group C compared to groups A and B (P = 0.04 and P = 0.004, respectively). The mean (standard deviation) time for stone expulsion in groups A, B, and C was 14 ± 2.3 days, 11 ± 3.1 days, and 7 ± 2.2 days, respectively. Group C demonstrated a significantly shorter stone expulsion time compared to groups A and B (P = 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). The frequency of renal colic in group C was significantly lower than that in groups A and B, resulting in a reduced requirement for analgesics (P < 0.05). Anejaculation occurred at a significantly higher rate in the silodosin group (73.9%) and combination group (84%) compared to the mirabegron group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that both silodosin and mirabegron are effective treatments for the expulsion of lower ureteric stones. Furthermore, the combination of these medications leads to an increased rate of stone expulsion and a reduced duration of expulsion.