bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of practice nurses’ management of paediatric psychosocial problems in general practice
Authors: Koet Lukas B M , Gerger Heike , Jansen Wilma , Bindels Patrick J E , de Schepper Evelien I T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Child mental health services are under major pressure worldwide. In the Netherlands, Youth Mental Health Practice Nurses (YMHPNs) have been introduced in general practice to improve access to care. In this study, we evaluated care delivered by YMHPNs.

Methods
We used medical records of a population-based cohort (21 717 children, 0–17 years). Characteristics of children consulting a YMHPN, type of problem, care delivered by YMHPNs and referrals were assessed using quantitative content analysis.

Results
Records of 375 children (mean age 12.9 years, 59.2% girl) were analysed. These children were often in their adolescence (57.3% was between 13 and 17 years), and more often female than male (59.2% vs 40.8%). YMHPNs had a median of four consultations (IQR 2–7) with the child. YMHPNs managed a variety of psychosocial problems. YMHPNs managed 22.4% of children without need of referral, 52.0% were eventually referred for additional care. 13.3% of children dropped out during the treatment trajectory. In the remaining 12.3% of children, the treatment trajectory was stopped because the child was already attending specialized services, the treatment trajectory was still ongoing or the medical record was inconclusive.

Conclusions
YMHPNs successfully managed one in four children with psychosocial problems without need for referral. Nevertheless, most children were eventually referred for additional care.
Translation of mechanistic advances in preeclampsia to the clinic: Long and winding road
Authors: Thadhani Ravi , Cerdeira Ana Sofia , Karumanchi S. Ananth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs one of the leading causes of premature birth and maternal and infant mortality worldwide, preeclampsia remains a major unmet public health challenge. Preeclampsia and related hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are estimated to cause >75 000 maternal and 500 000 infant deaths globally each year. Because of rising rates of risk factors such as obesity, in vitro fertilization and advanced maternal age, the incidence of preeclampsia is going up with rates ranging from 5% to 10% of all pregnancies worldwide. A major discovery in the field was the realization that the clinical phenotypes related to preeclampsia, such as hypertension, proteinuria, and other adverse maternal/fetal events, are due to excess circulating soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1, also referred to as sVEGFR‐1). sFlt‐1 is an endogenous anti‐angiogenic protein that is made by the placenta and acts by neutralizing the pro‐angiogenic proteins vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF). During the last decade, this work has spawned a new era of molecular diagnostics for early detection of this condition. Antagonizing sFlt‐1 either by reducing production or blocking its actions has shown salutary effects in animal models. Further, in early‐stage human studies, the therapeutic removal of sFlt‐1 from maternal circulation has shown promise in delaying disease progression and improving outcomes. Recently, the FDA approved the first molecular test for preterm preeclampsia (sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio) for clinical use in the United States. Measuring serum sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in the acute hospital setting may aid short‐term management, particularly regarding step‐up or step‐down of care, decision to transfer to settings better equipped to manage both the mother and the preterm neonate, appropriate timing of administration of steroids and magnesium sulfate, and in expectant management decisions. The test itself has the potential to save lives. Furthermore, the availability of a molecular test that correlates with adverse outcomes has set the stage for interventional clinical trials testing treatments for this disorder. In this review, we will discuss the role of circulating sFlt‐1 and related factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and specifically how this discovery is leading to concrete advances in the care of women with preeclampsia.
Prognostic model for predicting the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with stage II colon cancer: a population-based study
Authors: Yu Guanhua , Wei Ran , Liu Hengchang , Liu Yixiao , Guan Xu , Wang Xishan , Jiang Zheng 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in elderly patients with stage II colon cancer (CC) remain controversial. We aimed to construct a nomogram to estimate the chemotherapy survival benefits in elderly patients.

Methods
The training and testing cohort were patients with stage II CC older than 70 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, while the external validation cohort included patients from the National Cancer Center (NCC). Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the covariates associated with overall survival (OS). Using the risk factors identified by Cox proportional hazards regression, a nomogram was developed to predict OS. Nomogram precision was assessed using receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves.

Results
The present study recruited 42 097 and 504 patients from the SEER database and NCC, respectively. The OS of patients who underwent surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy was considerably longer than patients who underwent surgery alone. The nomogram included variables related to OS, including age, year of diagnosis, sex, AJCC T stage, tumor location, tumor size, harvested lymph nodes, and chemotherapy. According to the nomogram score, the elderly patients were separated into high- and low-risk groups, with high-risk group nomogram scores being greater than the median value, and vice versa. Patients in the high-risk group witnessed worse prognosis and were more likely to benefit from postoperative chemotherapy.

Conclusion
This nomogram can be regarded as a useful clinical tool for assessing the potential adjuvant chemotherapy benefits and for predicting survival in elderly patients with stage II CC.
Ingrown Toenails: A Survey Among Dermatologists on Current Treatments
Authors: Dressler Corinna , Nast Alexander , Heuer Ruben , Löser Christoph R. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
To date, there is no formal consensus on how to treat ingrown toenails. Despite the risk of causing irreparable damage to the nail, highly invasive procedures are still common. Less-invasive, matrix-directed techniques with shorter downtime and high cure rates exist, but, perhaps because of a lack of awareness, appear not to have been universally adopted.

OBJECTIVE:
The authors' study sought to generate data on common practices in the treatment of ingrown toenails.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The authors developed and conducted an online survey to ask dermatologists/dermatosurgeons how they would proceed in 9 different cases of ingrown toenails based on photographs.

RESULTS:
The authors received 154 replies. Nonsurgical interventions, including advice on nail care/foot baths/ointments/wraps/padding, were always the most frequently chosen option. Removal of the lateral nail plate followed by chemical partial matricectomy (phenolization) was the most or second-most frequently chosen surgical intervention. The answers were highly heterogeneous, and there was no unanimity based on morphology alone.

CONCLUSION:
Except for a preference for nonsurgical interventions, the authors could not identify any clear treatment standards. The heterogeneity of treatment approaches suggests the need for a guideline.
The effects of video double-lumen tubes on intubation complications in patients undergoing thoracic surgery
Authors: Shui Weikang , Hu Wei , Ma Wenwen , Han Yuting , Hao Ian Yifei , Zhu Shiyao , Sun Yuefeng , Deng Zhijie , Gao Ya , Heng Lei , Zhu Shanshan 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Tracheal injuries, vocal cord injuries, sore throat and hoarseness are common complications of double-lumen tube (DLT) intubation.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ’video double-lumen tubes’ (VDLTs) on intubation complications in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

DESIGN
A randomised controlled study.

SETTINGT
Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China, from January 2023 to June 2023.

PATIENTS
One hundred eighty-two patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation were randomised into two groups: 90 in the DLT group and 92 in the VDLT group.

INTERVENTION
VDLT was selected for intubation in the VDLT group, and DLT was selected for intubation in the DLT group. A fibreoptic bronchoscope (FOB) was used to record tracheal and vocal cord injuries.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcomes were the incidence of moderate-to-severe tracheal injury and the incidence of vocal cord injury. The secondary outcomes included the incidence and severity of postoperative 24 and 48 h sore throat and hoarseness,

RESULTS
The incidence of moderate-to-severe tracheal injury was 32/90 (35.6%) in the DLT group, and 45/92 (48.9%) in the VDLT group (P = 0.077; relative risk 1.38, 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.95). The incidence of vocal cord injury was 31/90 (34.4%) and 34/92 (37%) in the DLT and VDLT groups, respectively (P = 0.449). The incidence of postoperative 24 h sore throat and hoarseness was significantly higher in the VDLT group than in the DLT group (for sore throat: P = 0.032, relative risk 1.63, 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.57; for hoarseness: P = 0.018, relative risk 1.48, 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.06).

CONCLUSION
There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of moderate-to-severe tracheal injury and vocal cord injury between DLTs and VDLTs. While improving the first-attempt success rate, intubation with VDLT increased the incidence of postoperative 24 h sore throat and hoarseness.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2300067348.
EUS–guided radiofrequency ablation of solid pancreatic lesions: An updated review
Authors: Ofosu Andrew , Ramai Daryl , Morgan Amanda , Chan Christina , Adler Douglas G. , Siddiqui Ali 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent years have brought to light newly developed therapeutic modalities for the treatment of premalignant and malignant pancreatic lesions. The role of EUS–guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) as a treatment modality for malignant pancreatic lesions is still under evaluation. Several animal studies and human studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of EUS-RFA in the management of premalignant and malignant pancreatic lesions.
EUS-RFA therapy can potentially ablate these lesions safely and with minimally invasive techniques. In this article, we provide an updated review of the application of EUS-RFA of pancreatic lesions. We also review the clinical efficacy and safety of this technique and future directions.
A risk-scoring model based on endobronchial ultrasound multimodal imaging for predicting metastatic lymph nodes in lung cancer patients
Authors: Huang Zhihong , Wang Lei , Chen Junxiang , Zhi Xinxin , Sun Jiayuan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) imaging is a valuable tool for predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to develop a risk-scoring model based on EBUS multimodal imaging (grayscale, Doppler mode, elastography) to predict LN metastasis in lung cancer patients.

Patients and Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 350 metastatic LNs in 314 patients with lung cancer and 124 reactive LNs in 96 patients with nonspecific inflammation. The sonographic findings were compared with the final pathology results and clinical follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent risk factors of metastatic LNs. According to the β coefficients of corresponding indicators in logistic regression analysis, a risk-scoring model was established. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the predictive capability of model.

Results
Multivariate analysis showed that short axis >10 mm, distinct margin, absence of central hilar structure, presence of necrosis, nonhilar vascularity, and elastography score 4 to 5 were independent predictors of metastatic LNs. Both short axis and margin were scored 1 point, and the rest of independent predictors were scored 2 points. The combination of 3 EBUS modes had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic and accuracy of 0.884 (95% confidence interval, 0.846–0.922) and 87.55%, respectively. The risk stratification was as follows: 0 to 2 points, malignancy rate of 11.11%, low suspicion; 3 to 10 points, malignancy rate of 86.77%, high suspicion.

Conclusions
The risk-scoring model based on EBUS multimodal imaging can effectively evaluate metastatic LNs in lung cancer patients to support clinical decision making.
Sex Differences in Depressive Symptoms in 1308 Patients Post-Stroke at Entry to Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Du XiaoWei , Brooks Dina , Oh Paul , Marzolini Susan 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to determine whether a sex difference exists in the prevalence of post-stroke depressive symptoms (PSDS) at entry to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and to determine the correlates of PSDS in all patients, and in women and men separately.

Methods:
People post-stroke at entry to CR from database records (2006-2017) were included. Bivariate analyses identified PSDS correlates (≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) in all patients and women and men separately.

Results:
Patients (n = 1308, 28.9% women), mean age of 63.9 ± 12.9 yr, were 24.2 ± 9.9 mo post-stroke at CR entry. Among all patients, 30.0% had PSDS. A greater proportion of women than men had PSDS (38.6 vs 26.6%; P < .001). Correlates of PSDS in all patients were sex (women) (OR = 1.6: 95% CI, 1.14-2.12), being unemployed, ≤60 yr old, prescribed antidepressant medication, having lower cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake [V̇o
2peak]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), higher body mass index (BMI), no transient ischemic attack, and longer time from stroke to CR entry (>12 mo). Correlates in women were being obese (BMI ≥ 30), 51-70 yr old, prescribed antidepressant medication, and not married. Correlates in men were being ≤60 yr old, unemployed, prescribed antidepressant medication, having lower V̇o
2peak, sleep apnea, COPD, and no hypertension.

Conclusion:
Women were disproportionately affected by PSDS at entry to CR in bivariate and multivariable analyses. Women and men had mostly unique correlates of PSDS, indicating tailored strategies to address PSDS are required. PSDS disproportionately affected patients with longer delay to CR entry, suggesting efforts should target timely referral to facilitate earlier and repeated assessments and management.
Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision versus transanal total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yi Chi Zhang , Gang Ou , Xiao Li Feng , Ya Lu , Zhijun Zhou , Yong Gang Du , Dan Ran , Xin Liu , Yang Liu , Peng Zhang , Yi Luo , Dong Lin , De Chun Zhang 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) are popular mid and low rectal cancer trends. However, there is currently no systematic comparison between LaTME and TaTME of mid and low rectal cancer. Therefore, we systematically study the perioperative and pathological outcomes of LaTME and TaTME in mid and low rectal cancer.

Methods:
Articles included searching through the Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, and Web of science for articles on LaTME and TaTME. We calculated pooled standard mean difference (SMD), relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The protocol for this review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022380067).

Results:
There are 8761 participants included in 33 articles. Compared with TaTME, patients who underwent LaTME had no statistical difference in operation time (OP), estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative hospital stay, over complications, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, anastomotic stenosis, wound infection, circumferential resection margin, distal resection margin, major low anterior resection syndrom, lymph node yield, loop ileostomy, and diverting ileostomy. There are similarities between LaTME and TaTME for 2-year DFS rate, 2-year OS rate, distant metastasis rat, and local recurrence rate. However, patients who underwent LaTME had less anastomotic leak rates (RR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.97; I
2 = 10.6%, P = .019) but TaTME had less end colostomy (RR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.19–3.23; I
2 = 0%, P = .008).

Conclusion:
This study comprehensively and systematically evaluated the differences in safety and effectiveness between LaTME and TaTME in the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer through meta-analysis. Patients who underwent LaTME had less anastomotic leak rate but TaTME had less end colostomy. There is no difference in other aspects. Of course, in the future, more scientific and rigorous conclusions need to be drawn from multi-center RCT research.
Treatment of kyphotic deformity in Kümmell’s disease through vertebral body screw fixation and intertransverse process grafting: A case report
Authors: Kang Hui , Wei Tanjun , Zeng Wenbo , Lan Shenghui 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Kümmell’s disease, also well acknowledged as delayed posttraumatic vertebral body collapse, it is a rare condition which mainly occurs in elderly people more than 50 years old, with the thoracolumbar junction being mostly affected.

Patient concerns:
In this research, we employed posterior short-segment screw fixation within the injured vertebral region, coupled with intertransverse process bone grafting, to address Kümmell’s disease. A 57-year-old female was admitted to our institution with incapacitating back pain and obvious kyphotic deformity.

Diagnoses:
The diagnosis of Kummell disease was mainly depended on clinical symptoms and imaging examinations.

Interventions:
In this research, we employed posterior short-segment screw fixation within the injured vertebral region, coupled with intertransverse process bone grafting, to address Kümmell’s disease.

Outcomes:
The patient could walk independently with the help of a thoracolumbosacral orthosis brace on postoperative Day 2. No pains, kyphotic deformity and neurological deficits were observed during the 36 months of postoperative follow-up. These improvements can be visualized through postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and CT scans. Short-segment screw fixation provides short-term stability to the fracture site and accelerates fracture healing. Subsequently, the healed intervertebral and transverse process grafts offer long-term stability, a fact corroborated by postoperative CT scans.

Lessons:
In summary, for Kümmell’s disease patients exhibiting kyphotic deformity without neurological deficits or compression, posterior short-segment vertebral screw fixation with intertransverse process bone grafting stands as a viable alternative treatment approach.
Overview of invasive fungal infections in children in South America – the threat of resistant Candida species and the role of climate change in the new geographic distribution of endemic systemic mycosis
Authors: Fonseca Silvia Nunes Szente 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Invasive fungal infection (IFI) in children is a growing problem with crescent morbidity and mortality, well recognized in developed countries, affecting mainly immunocompromised children, including neonates and children in intensive care units. The burden of IFI in South American children is less well comprehended. In addition, the current epidemiology of endemic systemic mycoses in children may have changed over time.

Recent findings

Candida spp. infections are very prevalent in South America hospitalized children, especially in neonates, in a rate far superior compared to developed countries. C. auris, has already been responsible for outbreaks in neonates and children in Venezuela and Colombia. Sporotrichosis is well established as an urban zoonosis in impoverish families. Paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are affecting new areas of Brazil, probably due to climate change, deforestation, and human migration.

Summary
This review aims to unveil the real dimension of these infections in South American children. Hopefully, the awareness brought by this review will help healthcare professionals to recognize IFI more easily and it will provide support for getting more resources for IFI treatment and prevention.
Clinical updates in inborn errors of immunity: a focus on the noninfectious clinical manifestations
Authors: Campbell Emily , Shaker Marcus S. , Williams Kelli W. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
In the last 5 years, several new inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have been described, especially in the areas of immune dysregulation and autoinflammation. As a result, the clinical presentation of IEIs has broadened. We review the heterogeneous presentation of IEIs and detail several of the recently described IEIs with a focus on the noninfectious manifestations commonly seen.

Recent findings
IEIs may present with early onset and/or multiple autoimmune manifestations, increased risk for malignancy, lymphoproliferation, severe atopy, autoinflammation and/or hyperinflammation. Because of this, patients can present to a wide array of providers ranging from primary care to various pediatric subspecialists. The International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) expert committee has created a phenotypic classification of IEIs in order to help clinicians narrow their evaluation based on the laboratory and clinical findings.

Summary
Both primary care pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists need to be aware of the common clinical features associated with IEI and recognize when to refer to allergy-immunology for further evaluation. Early diagnosis can lead to earlier treatment initiation and improve clinical outcomes for our patients.
Efficacy and Toxicity of Palliative Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Jeong Han Taek , Kim Ho Gak , Han Jimin 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
We aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of palliative chemotherapy in elderly patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with those in younger patients.

Methods
A total of 60 patients with locally advanced or metastatic PDAC who received FOLFIRINOX or nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine at our institution from January 2014 to December 2021 were analyzed. Patients 70 years or older were classified into an elderly group.

Results
The elderly group included 16 patients (26.7%). In the elderly group, nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine was used more than FOLFIRINOX compared with the young group (75.0% and 25.0% vs 34.1% and 64.9%, respectively; P = 0.008). The overall survival was not significantly different between the 2 groups (15.6 vs 13.4 months, P = 0.259). However, the elderly group showed better progression-free survival (11.4 vs 7.4 months, P = 0.034). The incidence of adverse events including neutropenia (75.0% vs 81.8%, P = 0.716), thrombocytopenia (25.0% vs 31.3%, P = 0.743), and anemia (50.0% vs 43.2%, P = 0.771) was not different between the 2 groups. Peripheral neuropathy was more common in the elderly group (18.3% vs 2.3%, P = 0.054), though not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced PDAC were comparable with those in younger patients.