bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of L5 vertebra on lumbar spine radiographs using deep learning
Authors: Kim Jeoung Kun , Chang Min Cheol , Park Wook Tae , Lee Gun Woo 
Published: January 2024

Objective Deep learning is an advanced machine-learning approach that is used in several medical fields. Here, we developed a deep learning model using an object detection algorithm to identify the L5 vertebra on anteroposterior lumbar spine radiographs, and assessed its detection accuracy. Methods We retrospectively recruited 150 participants for whom both anteroposterior whole-spine and lumbar spine radiographs were available. The anteroposterior lumbar spine radiographs of these patients were used as the input data. Of the 150 images, 105 (70%) were randomly selected as the training set, and the remaining 45 (30%) were assigned to the validation set. YOLOv5x, of the YOLOv5 family model, was used to detect the L5 vertebra area. Results The mean average precisions 0.5 and 0.75 of the trained L5 detection model were 99.2% and 96.9%, respectively. The model’s precision was 95.7% and its recall was 97.8%. Furthermore, 93.3% of the validation data were correctly detected. Conclusion Our deep learning model showed an outstanding ability to identify L5 vertebrae.
Pain management after total hip arthroplasty: comparative study of analgesic efficacy and tolerability between oral tramadol/dexketoprofen and injectable paracetamol + tramadol
Authors: Macheras George A , Tzefronis Dimitrios , Argyrou Chrysoula , Nikolakopoulou Elena , Gálvez Miravete Alejandro , Karachalios Thefilos S 
Published: January 2024

Background: Multimodal analgesia for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasingly employed to reduce early postoperative pain and promote fast patient discharge. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of tramadol/dexketoprofen (TRAM/DKP, Group A) versus paracetamol + tramadol (PARA+TRAM, Group B) in patients undergoing THA using minimally invasive direct anterior approach (DAA). Methods: A single-centre, randomised, single-blind, parallel, interventional study conducted in 323 patients undergoing primary THA with DAA was performed. Group A consisted of 188 patients and Group B of 135. The primary endpoints were the change from baseline (measured 2 hours postoperatively) in pain intensity (PI) during the treatment period (48 hours), assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) at pre-specified postoperative time-points (2, 8, 24, 48 hours) and the total rescue medication (RM) use during the first 24 hours postoperatively. Results: As early as 2 hours after baseline, Group A showed a greater PI reduction from baseline compared to Group B (−26.24% vs. −6.87%; p  < 0.001). A lower mean PI (VAS) score was consistently found over the entire observation period following treatment with TRAM/DKP than with PARA+TRAM as well as more than 2-fold higher proportion of responders at the end of treatment period. More patients in Group B required RM in comparison to those in Group A (15.6% vs. 3.7%, p  < 0.001). Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions: After THA, oral TRAM/DKP provides faster and greater pain relief when compared to intravenous PARA+TRAM with limited consumption of RM and favourable tolerability profile. Our study expands the use of TRAM/DKP in the setting of major orthopaedic surgeries. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04178109)
Impact of Running Exercise on Intervertebral Disc: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shu Dingbo , Dai Siyu , Wang Jianping , Meng Fanjing , Zhang Chuan , Zhao Zhenhua 
Published: January 2024

Context: Running is one of the most popular sports worldwide. However, controversies exist regarding how running affects runner’s intervertebral discs (IVD). Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically review studies that evaluated IVD morphology or composition changes in response to running exercise, to determine the impact of running exercise on IVD. Data Sources: A systematic literature search was performed for 4 major databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) healthy people without known IVD disease or major complications such as tuberculosis (IVD degeneration or low back pain are considered as minor complications); (2) subjects performed 1-time or regular running exercises; (3) pre and post comparison of runners or comparison between runners and healthy control subjects; (4) direct or indirect IVD morphology or composition measured; (5) IVD assessed before and after either acute or chronic running exercise, or compared cross-sectionally between runners and controls. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) reviews, editorials, letters or abstracts only; (2) animal studies; (3) subjects performed exercise other than running. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: The extracted data included study design and primary outcomes of the included studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate study quality and risk of bias. Results: A total of 13 studies with 632 participants were included in the final analysis; 4 studies measured IVD changes using stature or spinal height, and the other 9 measured IVD changes using magnetic resonance imaging; 6 studies found that running acutely and negatively impacts IVD; 3 out of 5 cross-sectional studies found that IVD parameters are better for runners than controls; 1 longitudinal study found no significant difference in IVD before and after training for marathon in runners; 1 longitudinal study found no significant difference in changes of IVD between runners and controls after 15 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Negative changes in IVD exist for a short period of time after running, which may be due to the temporary compression pushing water content out of the disc. Cross-sectional studies suggest that long-term running exerts a mild positive effect on IVD; however, this inference has not been confirmed by high-quality longitudinal studies.
Patterns, Clinical Outcome, and Factors Associated with Poisoning Outcomes among Poisoned Patients in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Teym Abraham , Melese Mebrat , Fenta Enyew , Ayenew Temesgen , Fentahun Firehiwot , Tegegne Eniyew , Alamneh Alehegn Aderaw 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Poison is a substance that can hurt or cause dysfunction in the body due to its chemical action. Poisoning related to pesticides used in agriculture is a major public health issue in developing countries. However, there is a limited epidemiological data on poisoning in Ethiopia. Objective The aim of this study was to determine poisoning patterns, clinical outcome, and factors associated with poisoned patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2021 to include data of 1 year period. Data of all poisoned patients were collected using a standardized checklist from the registration book and patient medical records. The association between variables and outcomes was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to declare a statistically significant association. Result Over one-third of the poisoning cases (35.9%) were seen in the spring, according to a survey of 315 patient medical data. The majority of patients were in the age group of 21–30 years (44.1%). The most common form of poison consumed was organophosphate (OP), which accounts for 61.3% of all visits, and the least common was food poisoning, which accounts for 1.9%. About 82.5% of poisoning cases survived, while the remaining 17.5% were died. Time of arrival to the hospital ≥1 h (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 11.40), lack of oxygen support (AOR = 6.64; 95% CI: 3.56–6.78), and lack of adrenaline/dopamine medication (AOR = 3.57; 95% CI: 1.17–5.78) were all substantially linked with death of poisoned cases. Conclusions Three-fourth of poisoning cases survived, while the remaining one-fourth died. Ingestion of OPs is the most prevalent type of poisoning, and most cases are intentional. Delayed arrival ≥1 h, lack of oxygen support, and adrenaline/dopamine treatment were all linked to death. On-time arrival, oxygen assistance, and adrenaline/dopamine treatment in a healthcare setting are all recommended.
Sonrotoclax overcomes BCL2 G101V mutation–induced venetoclax resistance in preclinical models of hematologic malignancy
Authors: Liu Jiuyang , Li Shuran , Wang Qin , Feng Yingcai , Xing Haimei , Yang Xuefei , Guo Ying , Guo Yunhang , Sun Hanzi , Liu Xiaoxin , Yang Shasha , Mei Zhu , Zhu Yutong , Cheng Zhenzhen , Chen Shuaishuai , Xu Min , Zhang Wenjing , Wan Nanyan , Wang Jia , Ma Yanwen , Zhang Shuo , Luan Xudong , Xu Aiying , Li Lin , Wang Haitao , Yang Xiaolong , Hong Yuan , Xue Hai , Yuan Xi , Hu Nan , Song Xiaomin , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Xuesong , Wang Lai , Liu Ye 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Venetoclax, the first-generation inhibitor of the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), disrupts the interaction between BCL2 and proapoptotic proteins, promoting the apoptosis in malignant cells. Venetoclax is the mainstay of therapy for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is under investigation in multiple clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Although venetoclax treatment can result in high rates of durable remission, relapse has been widely observed, indicating the emergence of drug resistance. The G101V mutation in BCL2 is frequently observed in patients who relapsed treated with venetoclax and sufficient to confer resistance to venetoclax by interfering with compound binding. Therefore, the development of next-generation BCL2 inhibitors to overcome drug resistance is urgently needed. In this study, we discovered that sonrotoclax, a potent and selective BCL2 inhibitor, demonstrates stronger cytotoxic activity in various hematologic cancer cells and more profound tumor growth inhibition in multiple hematologic tumor models than venetoclax. Notably, sonrotoclax effectively inhibits venetoclax-resistant BCL2 variants, such as G101V. The crystal structures of wild-type BCL2/BCL2 G101V in complex with sonrotoclax revealed that sonrotoclax adopts a novel binding mode within the P2 pocket of BCL2 and could explain why sonrotoclax maintains stronger potency than venetoclax against the G101V mutant. In summary, sonrotoclax emerges as a potential second-generation BCL2 inhibitor for the treatment of hematologic malignancies with the potential to overcome BCL2 mutation–induced venetoclax resistance. Sonrotoclax is currently under investigation in multiple clinical trials.
Determination of nuclear magnetic resonance surface relaxivity for the macropore system from wood cell lumen
Authors: Jin Zhi , Fu Yuejin , Chen Qian , Zeng Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo determine the surface relaxivity of pores plays a vital role in the application of time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) technology to porous structure characterization for wood. Currently, the surface relaxivity of pores is calibrated using a standard sample with a pore size of the same order as the wood pore system. However, the uniformly distributed pore size of standard sample is unfit to accurately indicate the complexity of porous structure of wood, which significantly affects the accuracy of test results. By integrating the TD-NMR technology with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), the surface relaxivity of macropores in the lumen of wood cells is calibrated in this study using the tested sample, so as to avoid the error in measurement as caused by existing method. Data processing is performed using several mathematical methods including interpolation arithmetic and least square principle. Notably, the node segmentation method is applied to identify the T2 boundary of pores in cell lumen and to classify the porous structure of cell lumen into different pore systems. The approach proposed in this study is demonstrated to be effective in improving the accuracy of TD-NMR technology for characterizing the porous structure of wood. Also, it contributes a potential solution to accounting for the porous structure of wood based on the phenomenon of pore relaxation, which can improve the understanding of wood pore conformation.
Analysis of maternal genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA control region from Tai-Kadai-speaking Buyei population in southwestern China
Authors: Feng Yuhang , Chen Li , Wang Xiaoxue , Zhang Hongling , Wang Qiyan , Liu Yubo , Jin Xiaoye , Yang Meiqing , Huang Jiang , Ren Zheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Even though the Buyei are a recognised ethnic group in southwestern China, there hasn’t been much work done on forensic population genetics, notably using mitochondrial DNA. The sequences and haplogroups of mitochondrial DNA control regions of the Buyei peoples were studied to provide support for the establishment of a reference database for forensic DNA analysis in East Asia.

Methods and results
The mitochondrial DNA control region sequences of 200 Buyei individuals in Guizhou were investigated. The haplotype frequencies and haplogroup distribution of the Buyei nationality in Guizhou were calculated. At the same time, the paired Fst values of the study population and other populations around the world were computed, to explore their genetic polymorphism and population relationship. A total of 179 haplotypes were detected in the Buyei population, with frequencies of 0.005–0.015. All haplotypes were assigned to 89 different haplogroups. The haplotype diversity and random matching probability were 0.999283 and 0.0063, respectively. The paired Fst genetic distances and correlation p-values among the 54 populations revealed that the Guizhou Buyei was most closely related to the Henan Han and the Guizhou Miao, and closer to the Hazara population in Pakistan and the Chiang Mai population.

Conclusions
The study of mitochondrial DNA based on the maternal genetic structure of the Buyei nationality in Guizhou will benefit the establishment of an East Asian forensic DNA reference database and provide a reference for anthropological research in the future.
Genomic characterization of Pseudomonas spp. on food: implications for spoilage, antimicrobial resistance and human infection
Authors: Bloomfield Samuel J. , Palau Raphaёlle , Holden Emma R. , Webber Mark A. , Mather Alison E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Pseudomonas species are common on food, but their contribution to the antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) burden within food or as a source of clinical infection is unknown. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections and is often hard to treat due to intrinsic and acquired ARGs commonly carried by this species. This study aimed to understand the potential role of Pseudomonas on food as a reservoir of ARGs and to assess the presence of potentially clinically significant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains on food. To achieve this, we assessed the genetic relatedness (using whole genome sequencing) and virulence of food-derived isolates to those collected from humans.

Results
A non-specific culturing approach for Pseudomonas recovered the bacterial genus from 28 of 32 (87.5%) retail food samples, although no P. aeruginosa was identified. The Pseudomonas species recovered were not clinically relevant, contained no ARGs and are likely associated with food spoilage. A specific culture method for P. aeruginosa resulted in the recovery of P. aeruginosa from 14 of 128 (11%) retail food samples; isolates contained between four and seven ARGs each and belonged to 16 sequence types (STs), four of which have been isolated from human infections. Food P. aeruginosa isolates from these STs demonstrated high similarity to human-derived isolates, differing by 41–312 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There were diverse P. aeruginosa collected from the same food sample with distinct STs present on some samples and isolates belonging to the same ST differing by 19–67 SNPs. The Galleria mellonella infection model showed that 15 of 16 STs isolated from food displayed virulence between a low-virulence (PAO1) and a high virulence (PA14) control.

Conclusion
The most frequent Pseudomonas recovered from food examined in this study carried no ARGs and are more likely to play a role in food spoilage rather than infection. P. aeruginosa isolates likely to be able to cause human infections and with multidrug resistant genotypes are present on a relatively small but still substantial proportions of retail foods examined. Given the frequency of exposure, the potential contribution of food to the burden of P. aeruginosa infections in humans should be evaluated more closely.
Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis (PSSA) to assess prescribing cascades: a step-by-step guide
Authors: Hendrix Mandy R. S. , Yasar Mustafa , Mohammad Atiya K. , Hugtenburg Jacqueline G. , Vanhommerig Joost W. , Gündoğan-Yilmaz Ruveyda , van den Bemt Patricia M. L. A. , Denig Petra , Karapinar-Carkıt Fatma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrescribing cascades occur when patients are prescribed medication to treat the adverse drug reaction of previously prescribed medication. Prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) can be used to assess the association between two medications in prescription or dispensing databases and thus the potential occurrence of prescribing cascades. In this article, a step-by-step guide is presented for conducting PSSA to assess prescribing cascades. We describe considerations for medication data collection and setting time periods for relevant parameters, including washout window, exposure window, continued exposure interval and blackout period. With two examples, we illustrate the impact of changes in these parameters on the strengths of associations observed. Given the impact seen, we recommend that researchers clearly specify and explain all considerations regarding medication included and time windows set when studying prescribing cascades with PSSA, and conduct subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
Efficacy of sensory-based static balance training on the balance ability, aging attitude, and perceived stress of older adults in the community: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ni Yingyuan , Li Shasha , Lv Xiaoying , Wang Yuecong , Xu Lijun , Xi Yingxue , Sun Yanhua , Bao Jianyi , Liao Shufang , Li Yue 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This study explores the effect of sensory-based static balance training on the balance ability, aging attitude, and perceived stress of older adults in the community. It provides a practical basis for the in-depth implementation and revision of the community health management model.

Methods
A randomized controlled intervention study was conducted from 2022 to 2023. A total of 72 older adults were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group (36 individuals) and a control group (36 individuals). Balance ability (measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and One Leg Stand Test), aging attitudes, and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and at the 12-week and 24-week follow-ups. Repeated-measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were used to compare outcome measures.

Results
Sensory-based static balance training was beneficial for balance ability and aging attitude among participants in the intervention group. At the end of the intervention, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in SPPB scores and OLST scores compared with the control group (FSPPB = 12.347, P = 0.001, Waldχ2OLST = 45.530, P < 0.001), as well as significant differences in aging attitudes (FAAQ = 18.549, P < 0.001). Multiple comparisons at different time points in the intervention group reveal a significant intervention effect (FSPPB = 29.211, Waldχ2OLST = 80.428, FAAQ = 45.981, all P < 0.05). However, the difference in perceived stress before and after the intervention was not significant (FCPSS = 2.876, P = 0.095).

Conclusions
Sensory-based static balance training significantly improved balance ability and aging attitudes among older adults in the community. The effect on perceived stress among older adults in the community was not significant.

Trial registration
Registered in the Chinese Clinic on 04/06/2022. The registration number is ChiCTR2200060541.
Oral frailty among dentate and edentate older adults in long-term care
Authors: Julkunen Lina , Saarela Riitta , Roitto Hanna-Maria , Kautiainen Hannu , Pitkälä Kaisu , Mäntylä Päivi , Hiltunen Kaija 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The objectives of this study were to compare oral frailty (OFr) among edentate and dentate older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCF) and to clarify how edentulism and oral disease burden (ODB) of dentate older adults are associated with OFr.

Methods
The population of this study comprised 94 edentate and 209 dentate residents in LTCF in Helsinki, Finland, who had previously participated in a nutritional study. The participants underwent a clinical oral examination. The dentate residents were further divided into three ODB groups based on asymptotic dental score. The edentate and different ODB groups were compared with each other regarding demographics and oral and medical findings. OFr was defined as ≥ 2 of following: having a diet of soft/pureed food, residue of food in the oral cavity, inability to keep the mouth open during examination, unclearness of speech, dry mouth. The association between OFr and edentulousness and various levels of ODB was analyzed by a multivariate logistic model.

Results
Participants with low ODB had significantly less OFr than their edentate peers (p = 0.009). Furthermore, the edentate and dentate with high ODB had similar odds for OFr.

Conclusions
Edentulousness and high ODB are equally harmful conditions and may predispose to OFr. This study suggests that maintaining healthy natural teeth and good oral health (low ODB) may protect against OFr.

Trial registration
The Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa approved the protocols for the nutritional status and oral healthcare studies and the merging of the data, including patient medical records (Register number HUS/968/2017).