bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics of Conscience
Authors: Wallace Patricia Ward 
Published: January 2024

Margaret Chase Smith was the most influential woman in the history of American politics. Her goal was to be a United States senator, not a woman senator, and she succeeded by overcoming gender, not by championing it. Smith began her political career as Maine's daughter and demonstrated nationally the New England virtues of honesty, hard work, frugality, and reticence. She became America's heroine when she courageously confronted Senator Joe McCarthy at the height of his power with her Declaration of Conscience speech. In her statement she championed the American right to criticize, to hold unpopular beliefs, and to practice free speech. Associating herself with the politics of conscience, Smith won three more terms in the Senate and sat on the powerful Armed Services, Appropriations, Space, Government Operations, and Intelligence committees. Altogether, she was in Congress 32 years and by the time her career ended she had established an enduring prototype for female and minority politicians.
This biography of Margaret Chase Smith is the first historical treatment of Smith to use her voluminous private papers as well as extensive interviews with Smith and her colleagues in Congress. As Maine's daughter, Smith was frugal, hard-working, reticent, and caustic. At age thirty-two she married, in scandal, state-politician Clyde Smith with whom she had been involved since she was sixteen and who was twenty-one years her senior. Smith came to Washington when Clyde was elected to Congress and, against his wishes, she became his secretary. When Clyde died in office in 1940, Smith played the widow's game and successfully ran for his seat. In the House during World War II, Smith sat on the powerful Naval Affairs Committee and, tutored by committee counsel Bill Lewis, developed a national constituency, the military, which in turn allowed her to better serve Maine's interests. Lewis directed Smith's first Senate campaign in 1948 when she won an upset victory by an astonishing margin. Overnight she became the darling of the Republican party, the heroine of women everywhere, and the only woman in the United States Senate. Immediately, she became embroiled with Joseph McCarthy and courageously confronted him with her Declaration of Conscience speech four years before a Senate majority censored him. Associating herself with politics of conscience, Smith was elected to three more terms and sat on the powerful Armed services, Appropriations, Space, Government Operations, and Intelligence committees. America's heroine was a political icon by the time she was defeated in 1972 at the age of seventy-four.
Power and Restraint
Authors: Cohen Howard , Feldberg Michael , Moll Monica M. 
Published: January 2024

Thoroughly revised and updated, this edition of the classic casebook on police ethics explores the moral complexities of situations faced by law enforcement officers every day across the United States.
This updated edition of Power and Restraint maintains its place as a leading set of standards for evaluating police behavior. It extends our understanding of the basis of police accountability by grounding it in principles of the social contract and constitutional democracy. It applies the standards of fair access, public trust, public safety first, role discipline, and neutral professionalism to a variety of modern policing situations that help identify best practices and increase understanding of the challenges of policing in 21st-century America.
Power and Restraint first locates itself in the context of other significant studies by scholars from various disciplines on moral issues in police work. Next, it establishes a foundation for moral evaluation of police work grounded in social contract theory as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence. Third, the authors generate five standards derived from the social contract for judging the actions of police. In the second half of the book, the reader is asked to apply these standards to a variety of typical but morally ambiguous policing situations.
How Kaunas Became “Lithuanian”
Authors: Lazauskienė Aistė 
Published: January 2024

Mindaugas Balkus, Kaip Kovno tapo Kaunu. Miesto lituanizavimas 1918–1940 m.: monografija: Kaunas, Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2023, 247 p., ISBN 978-609-467-550-8
Estudio del tipo de liderazgo de la mujer en empresas y en el sector educativo
Authors: Ramírez Barón María Concepción , Aranibar Gutiérrez Mónica Fernanda , Hernández Bejarano Jackeline 
Published: January 2024

Actualmente en el sector de industrias maquiladoras y el sector educativo se realizan acciones para lograr el bienestar y desarrollo de los colaboradores y docentes. Uno de los principales factores que se deben analizar son el liderazgo en conjunto con elementos internos de la organización que impactan en el entorno laboral dando como resultado una alta o baja productividad. El objetivo principal de la investigación es determinar los estilos de liderazgo de que predomina en mujeres tanto en las empresas maquiladoras como en centros de educación en Baja California y su impacto en el entorno laboral. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa, transversal y se utilizó un cuestionario con 120 ítems en escala de Likert consta de los puntos: datos sociodemográficos y de los tipos de estilos de liderazgos siguientes: visionario, coaching, afiliativo, democrático, timonel y autoritario, así como los factores del entorno laboral: motivación laboral, condiciones laborales, factores psicosociales, formación de colaboradores, y la integración de colaboradores. Como resultado se identifica, que los modelos de estilos de liderazgo más compatibles de los seis estudiados y que impactan más positivamente al entorno laboral, son el estilo de liderazgo democrático y el liderazgo visionario, con los cuales se logra obtener un entorno laboral más favorable, sin embargo, el liderazgo que más predomina es el visionario.
Busca ativa de teníase e de outras enteroparasitoses em manipuladores de alimentos no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
Authors: Capuano Divani M. , Okino Madalena H. T. , Bettini Maria José do C. B. , Takayanagui Osvaldo M. , Lazzarini Mônica P. T. , Castro e Silva Ana Alice M. C. , Ferreira Flávio L. F. , Takayanagui Ângela M. M. 
Published: January 2024

As doenças veiculadas pelos alimentos representam sério problema de saúde pública. Em nosso meio, merece destaque o complexo teníase/cisticercose pelos elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar a freqüência de teníase e outras enteroparasitoses nos manipuladores de alimentos de Ribeirão Preto, SP. No período de agosto de 1998 a julho de 1999, 341 indivíduos (182 mulheres e 159 homens), com idade entre 14 a 68 anos, foram submetidos ao exame coproparasitológico por ocasião da obtenção ou renovação da carteira de saúde. Foram examinadas 3 amostras de fezes de cada indivíduo pelos métodos de Hoffmann, Pons & Janer e de Kato. A pesquisa de oocistos de Cryptosporidium foi realizada em 47 (4,6%) amostras de fezes diarréicas. Cento e sete (31,3%) indivíduos evidenciaram enteroparasitoses, incluindo um caso (0,3%) de teníase, e 42 (12,3 %) com poliparasitismo. Os portadores de enteroparasitoses receberam tratamento terapêutico específico pelo médico do trabalho. A implantação da obrigatoriedade do exame coproparasitológico na emissão e renovação anual da carteira de saúde dos manipuladores de alimentos com o adequado tratamento parasiticida pode representar uma nova e importante estratégia de prevenção do complexo teníase/cisticercose e de outras enteroparasitoses em nosso meio.
Evaluation of the risk factors of hemodialysis procedure-associated cardiac arrhythmias in end stage renal disease Egyptian patients
Authors: Abdelraheem Nada , Tawfik Gamal A , Sliem Hamdy , Salem Ahmed Salah , Badr-Aldin Wallaa Youssef 
Published: January 2024

Background: Hemodialysis patients carry a large burden of cardiovascular disease, accounting for up to 41% of deaths, of which half are ascribed to sudden cardiac death (SCD). The pathophysiology of SCD is thought to result from the combination of a vulnerable myocardium and an acute pro-arrhythmic trigger that leads to a terminal arrhythmia. Approximately two thirds of the cardiac deaths are consistently attributed to arrhythmias. Aim: The study aimed to improve the clinical status of hemodialysis (HD) patients through detection of HD procedure associated cardiac arrhythmias, prevention of its risk factors and related complications. Subjects and Methods: Observational study that included 60 maintenance HD patients to assess the prevalence of electrocardiographic changes before, during, and after HD in patients who are on maintenance HD in the out/inpatient departments of Suez Canal University. Results: The study showed a high prevalence of electrocardiographic changes among the studied sample, representing 78.3%. Receiving HD for more than 5 years, glomerulonephritis (GN) being the primary cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD), intradialytic hypotension (IDH), and high pre-dialysis Na, K, and Po4 were all factors that were statistically significant associated with electrocardiographic changes.
Development and Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid-Incorporated Thermosensitive Nasal in situ Gel of Meclizine Hydrochloride
Authors: Obayes Kareem Khudhaier , Thomas Lena Murad 
Published: January 2024

Background: Meclizine hydrochloride (MCZ) is an antihistamine that is used as an antiemetic to prevent and cure nausea and vomiting. Because of its limited water solubility and first-pass metabolism, it exhibits variable absorption. Objective: To formulate and evaluate MCZ as an intranasal in situ gel with increased residence time and permeability. Methods: We made an inclusion complex of MCZ using various cyclodextrins as a complexing agent to help the drug dissolve better. The complexes were studied, and the ones that were better at dissolving were chosen to be used in the creation of an in situ gel with poloxamer 407 (17–20% w/v) and hyaluronic acid (0.25–0.75% w/v). Prepared formulas were subjected to various evaluation tests, and the optimum formula was subjected to an ex vivo permeation study. Results: Hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HP-CD) complexation increased the solubility of MCZ. A prepared complex (10 mg of MCZ) was used for nasal in situ gel preparation. Formula (F3) containing 17% poloxamer 407 and 0.75% hyaluronic acid exhibited favorable characteristics, including optimal gelation temperature (33.33°C), drug content (100.51%), gel strength (35.0 seconds), spreadability (4.2 cm), and 98.52% in vitro drug release over 5 hours in simulated nasal fluid (pH 6.8), and provided considerably high permeability. Conclusions: A mucoadhesive in situ gel formulation of MCZ (HP-β-CD) is a promising nasal formulation for the management of nausea and vomiting.
Analysis Mother Knowledge with Risk Stunting Events in the Region Work Public health center Portibi
Authors: Ratna Wulandari  , Yeni Zahara Harahap  
Published: January 2024

Based on SSGI (2019), several district / city with the highest prevalence of stunting in Indonesia, one of them is North Padang Lawas district with figure 53.3%, with case the most happen in the region Work Public health center Portibi (20.8%). stunt can be prevented with increase knowledge Mother about stunting prevention. Research objectives This For analyze connection knowledge Mother about nutrition with stunting in toddlers ages 24-36 months . Study This use method quantitative and cross sectional design . Population study This is mother who has toddler age 24-36 months in place stay in the region Work Public health center Cipadung . Amount sample in study This as many as 108 respondents . Taking sample use technique sample random simple . Statistical test used in study This is the chi square test. There are 32.4% of toddlers who experience stunting, and some big Mother own knowledge tall about nutrition that is by 62%. There is a relationship between knowledge Mother about nutrition with stunting incidence (p=0.027, and OR=2.7). Mother who has knowledge low about nutrition 2.7 times the chance of his son experiencing stunting compared with mother who has knowledge tall about nutrition.
Physical Activity Behavioral Intervention for type 2 DM Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Herlina Jusuf  , Sarinah Basri K  , Rosmin Ilham  
Published: January 2024

Various chronic and acute conditions as comorbid diseases are highly influential to the everyday life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, including in physical, psychological, economic, family burden, and quality of life aspects. The protocol and evaluation of this literature review used the PRISMA checklist. Using four databases; Pubmed, Science-direct, Scopus/Web of Science, and ProQuest. Five main physical activity behavioral intervention models for diabetes mellitus patients were discovered: 1. empowerment (individual and familial); 2. diabetes self-management education; 3. web-based digital health intervention; 4. motivational interviewing; and 5. SMS-based education. The five models focused on strengthening the importance of physical activity in diabetes mellitus patients’ self-management.
Provision of E-Modules on Adolescent Mental Health Understanding
Authors: Nurul Devi Ardiani  , Siti Mardiyah  
Published: January 2024

Mental health frequently receives inadequate attention and is often disregarded by individuals who tend to prioritize physical health over mental well-being. The occurrence of mental disorders in adolescents (aged 15-24 years) is associated with a depression rate of 6.2%. Severe depression tends to lead to self-harm and suicide. Approximately 80-90% of suicide cases can be attributed to depression and anxiety.
A comprehensive understanding of adolescent mental health is essential for determining appropriate actions to make adolescents aware that mental health is equally essential. Preventing mental health issues in adolescents is crucial for avoiding further mental disorders or psychological problems. Prevention can be effectively achieved through health education for adolescents, enabling them to comprehend the significance of their mental health.
E-modules provide an ideal medium for reaching adolescents, as they adapt conventional modules by incorporating information technology, making them more engaging and interactive. This enhances their appeal as an engaging and interactive learning resource. Digital modules (e-modules) enriched with audiovisual technology are expected to apprehend students' interests and create a conducive learning environment.
The research objective was to investigate the effect of E-modules on adolescents' understanding of mental health. The study adopted a quantitative approach, using a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-posttest without control, conducted through intervention with a single group. The study was conducted at SMP 8 Surakarta and data were collected before and after the intervention. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon test was used to obtain a significant result with a p-value of 0.01 (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, E-modules affected adolescents' mental health acquaintances.
Eficiência simbiótica de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares do cerrado maranhense associados à cultura do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP.)
Authors: Nascimento Ivaneide de Oliveira , Silva Bruno Sousa , De Almeida Brunna Silva , Cunha Wanderson Lima , Sobrinho Neidelane de Alencar , De Oliveira Jorge Diniz , Nobre Camila Pinheiro , Rodrigues Antonia Alice Costa 
Published: January 2024

O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), representa um dos principais grãos que fazem parte do consumo alimentar dos brasileiros. Entretanto o seu cultivo sofre certas limitações no que tange a baixa fertilidade dos solos do Cerrado Maranhense. Objetivou-se verificar quais espécies de FMA estabelecem simbiose com a cultura do feijão-caupi, promovendo colonização micorrízica e implementação no crescimento das variedades de feijão-caupi Manteiguinha e BRS Tumucumaque. O bioensaio foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão – UEMASUL, no município de Imperatriz – MA, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 2x6 (T1 = solo ; T2 = solo + adubação fosfatada; T3 = solo + inóculo de Glomus glomerulatum; T4 =solo + inóculo de Rhizophagus intraradices; T5 = solo + Inóculo de FMA nativos; T6 = solo + inóculo comercial Rootella BR®) com 4 repetições, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. Fez-se avaliações de altura, quantidade de folhas e índice de clorofila de 15 em 15 dias, e ao final análise de colonização radicular, massa seca da parte aéreae teor de P nas folhas. As espécies de FMA com os melhores desempenhos foram Glomus glomerulatum, Rhizophagus intraradices e FMA nativos. Com relação a quantidade de folhas e colonização radicular a variedade de feijão-caupi Manteiguinha apresentou melhor desempenho. Por outro lado, no que diz respeito ao índice de clorofila a variedade de feijão-caupi BRS Tumucumaque se destacou.
Hydrogen therapy for liver surgery: Current insights and future prospects in ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Brandi Giovanni , Tavolari Simona 
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen therapy for liver surgery: Current insights and future prospects in ischemia-reperfusion injury
Prof. Giovanni Brandi and Dr. Simona Tavolari of the 1 Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, discuss ischemia-reperfusion injury in hepatic surgery, and the potential to prevent it through hydrogen-therapy. Hepatic surgery is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, or some liver malignancies. In most hepatic surgical treatments, such as liver resection and transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of the development of complications in treated patients, being associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate after surgery.
Microbe development for the biomanufacturing age
Authors: Price Joe , Wong Tuck Seng , Tee Kang Lan 
Published: January 2024

Microbe development for the biomanufacturing age
Joe Price, Dr Kang Lan Tee & Prof Tuck Seng Wong, explore adopting a holistic approach to microbe development for the age of biomanufacturing. Since the late 2000s, scientists worldwide have proposed that humans have done something that no biological entity has ever done before: directly shifted our planet into a new geological epoch. This epoch – The “Anthropocene” – is the result of the largely negative impact that we’ve had on the earth, and it brings a dire need to transition our industries and ways of life towards new systems that are sustainable and circular, living in harmony with the planet instead of in discord.
Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD™) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices/prostheses
Authors: Auciello Orlando 
Published: January 2024

Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD™) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices/prostheses
In this materials science piece, Orlando Auciello, describes the development of a unique multifunctional/best biocompatible ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCDTM) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices and prostheses. Materials’ surfaces of vital medical devices, such as silicon (Si) microchip (artificial retina) implanted on human retina, restoring partial vision to people blinded by genetically induced photoreceptors degeneration, and metallic dental implants, are attacked chemically by eyes’ fluids or oral fluids respectively. Metallic stents/artificial heart valves, inside human blood vessels, activate blood enzymes, inducing coagulation, and fibrinolytic, leading to thrombus formation (i.e., blood clot in blood vessels, obstructing blood flow or loosed clot getting stuck in arteries/veins’ walls, causing life-threatening stroke/heart attack.
tRNA: The operational RNA code and protein folding
Authors: Carter Charlie 
Published: January 2024

tRNA: The operational RNA code and protein folding
Charles W. Carter, Jr., from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, relates molecular recognition used in genetic coding to structures of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their cognate tRNAs. Genetic coding is simultaneously widely understood and little appreciated. Widely understood because Marshall Nierenberg worked out the codon assignments within a decade or so of the double helical structure of DNA by Watson and Crick (1). Little appreciated because a code, as far as we know, is something Nature had never produced – a symbolic mapping of the physical chemistry of the 20 amino acid side chains. The Morse code is a widely appreciated example. Like inheritance, the genetic code is a property of biology.
Youths’ solutions to local invasive species
Authors: Calabrese Julia E , Butler Songer Nancy 
Published: January 2024

Youths’ solutions to local invasive species
Educating students about real-world, issues such as local invasive species aims to encourage wider engagement with STEM. Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are only two examples of global problems requiring help from STEM professionals. However, there exists a shortage in the STEM workforce(1) and less than 25% of youth show interest in pursuing STEM careers.(2) Researchers and educators alike acknowledge the need to get more students interested in STEM. One response is to showcase real-world issues with tangible solutions. In many schools, students complete labs on topics such as chemical reactions or animal dissection. Although these topics are necessary in addressing real-world issues, they may not always help students recognize issues they can immediately take part in solving.(3)
Opinion: Do universities help or hurt innovation?
Authors: Webster Thomas J 
Published: January 2024

Opinion: Do universities help or hurt innovation?
Do Universities help or hurt innovation? Find out in this 25-year academic entrepreneur’s anecdotal perspective of starting companies and developing implants. Thomas J. Webster shares his opinion here. Top research U.S. Universities and others worldwide, sometimes along with respective government funding agencies (like the NSF and the NIH in the U.S.), have spent billions of dollars trying to translate their faculty’s research to industry to develop real commercial products. Whether establishing University technology transfer offices (whose objective is to foster faculty research translation), paying IP lawyer fees for patents, establishing incubator spaces for University faculty spin-out companies, or issuing grants aimed at research primed for industry adoption, it is clear that U.S. Universities are in the high stakes and high funding game of entrepreneurship, and have been so for the last several decades.
Decarbonising the steel industry: Reasons to be cheerful
Authors: Johnsson Filip , Göransson Lisa , Toktarova Alla 
Published: January 2024

Decarbonising the steel industry: Reasons to be cheerful
Filip Johnsson, Lisa Göransson and Alla Toktarova, explain why decarbonising the steel industry gives us reasons to be cheerful. In Europe, the steel, cement, chemical, and petrochemical industries, which are vital elements in many strategic value chains in the EU industry, are responsible for around 70% of industrial CO2 emissions (de Bruyn et al., 2020). 11% of industrial CO2 emissions in the UK come from steel production (Make UK, 2022). In 2021, the European Commission presented the ‘Fit for 55’ package intending to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 55% by 2030, as compared with 1990, and to reach net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. In March 2023, the European Commission proposed the Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA), seeking to promote investments in the production capacity of products crucial to meet the EU’s climate neutrality goals.