bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of food fortification on dietary folate intake and adequacy in a representative sample of urban Costa Rican population: results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)
Authors: Gomez Georgina , Ramírez Andrea , Sheik Amed , Chinnock Anne , Monge Rafael 
Published: November 2023

ObjectThe study aimed to evaluate the impact of mandatory and voluntary fortification on folate intake adequacy in urban Costa Rican population.MethodsELANS is a multicenter cross‐sectional study including a representative sample of urban population from eight LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). In Costa Rica, 798 participants (15–65 years old) provided two 24‐h dietary recalls. Nutritional data was entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS‐R) after a harmonization process between local foods and NDS‐R database, and adjusting for mandatory folic acid fortification of rice, wheat flour and corn flour. Total folate intake was expressed as dietary folate equivalents (DFE) = mg food folate + (mg dietary folic acid × 1.7). The prevalence of inadequate folate intake was calculated using Estimate Average Requirement of 330μg DEF/day for adolescents and 320μg DFE/day for men and women. The Mann‐Whitney test was used to analyze the differences between age groups and gender, and Chi‐square tests to analyzed differences of folate inadequacy between groups, considering p<0.05 as statistical significant.ResultsSample comprised 49.4% men and 50.6% women and included 15%, 38%, 28% and 19% in the age groups 15–19y, 20–34y, 35–49y and 50–65y, respectively. Usual median DFE intake was 566mg/d, higher in men (639mg/d) than in women (486mg/d) (p<0.05). The older group (50–65y) showed the lowest intakes of DFE (497mg/d) (p<0.05). The overall prevalence of DFE inadequacy was 5.3% of the urban Costa Rican population, and higher in women than in men in all age groups (p<0.05). Women aged 15–19y and 50–65 showed the highest prevalence of inadequacy (11% and 10% respectively). Synthetic folate from fortified foods (mainly from rice, bread, pasta and milk) contributed 30% total folate intakes. In this study, folic acid intakes exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (1000 mg DFE/d) from food only was observed in 1.6% of the population (n=13).ConclusionThe probability of folate intake being inadequate for the urban Costa Rican population is higher among women in the youngest and oldest age groups. This data should be taken into account to evaluate future policy decisions regarding food fortification and public health programs to educate in better food choices to increase folate intake mainly among women of childbearing‐age.Support or Funding InformationThe Coca‐Cola Company
Consumers Of Frozen Fruits And Vegetables Eat More Fruits And Vegetables Overall
Authors: Storey Maureen , Anderson Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Emphasis on fresh fruits and vegetables (FV) as the preferred form of FV may convey that other forms, such as frozen FV, are less desirable or nutritious. Yet, research shows that frozen and fresh FV have few differences in nutrient content. This analysis used appropriate survey weights to estimate energy intake, BMI and consumption of total and frozen FV across age, gender and income groups using day one dietary data from NHANES 2011–12. On average, all consumers 2–99 y of frozen vegetables (V) and frozen fruit (F) consumed 0.4 and 0.5 cup equivalents per day (CE/d), respectively, and they consumed more total V and F than did non‐consumers (1.6 vs. 1.4 CE/d V and 1.4 vs. 0.9 CE/d of F, respectively). Individuals with low‐income (poverty‐to‐income ratio [PIR] <131%) consumed less frozen FV than those with higher income >131% PIR. On average, energy intake tended to be higher among consumers 2–18 y of frozen FV than non‐consumers (1983 kcal/d vs. 1927 kcal/d, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant. Using BMI‐for‐age categories, about 29% of frozen FV consumers 2–18 y were overweight, whereas 33% of non‐consumers were overweight, but the difference was not significant. Among adults 19–99 y, mean energy intake was similar among consumers and non‐consumers of frozen FV (2199 and 2203 kcal/d, respectively); average BMI of frozen FV consumers and non‐consumers were not significantly different (28.2 and 28.7 kg/m2, respectively). These results suggest that when frozen FV are not consumed, other forms, such as fresh, canned or dried, do not fill the FV gap. Government food programs and health professionals should encourage frozen FV as a way to increase FV consumption.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Frozen Food Foundation
Evaluating the global epidemic of non‐communicable disease through a nutritional perspective by income levels
Authors: Kang Sooyoung , Lim Hyunjung 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundNon‐communicable diseases (NCDs) were defined as one of the major challenges for sustainable development. NCDs are the leading causes of death worldwide especially among lower and middle income countries. Although NCDs and diet/nutrition are closely connected, the diet‐related health burdens due to NCDs by country income levels is still unclear.AimWe investigated the relationship between dietary factors and NCDs by income levels.MethodThe most recent data which indicate the prevalence of NCDs, nutrition and socioeconomic factors of countries are obtained from World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization and World bank, respectively. Data were weighted by total population size. 151 countries included for analysis. The trends between factors were assessed by variance‐weighted least squares linear regression analysis. To visualize spatial relationships, ArcGIS was used (ArcGIS 10.4.1, Esri, Berkeley, CA, USA).ResultThe deaths caused by NCDs were 367, 567, 675 and 586 per 100,000 population in high, upper‐middle, lower‐middle and low income countries, respectively. There is an inverse association between country income level and the deaths caused by NCDs (P‐trend<0.001). Proportions of calories driven from carbohydrates were 51.0 % to 73.2% by income levels. When countries had lower income, the proportions of carbohydrate intakes were likely to increase after adjusting for covariates (P‐trend<0.001). Daily intake of sugar and sweetener from high income countries was 415.4 kcal/capita/day. In low income countries, it decreased to 98.7 kcal/capita/day. Sugar and sweetener intakes might be related to income level of countries (P‐trend<0.001). Cereals intakes of high income countries was 934.5 kcal/capita/day. The highest cereal intake was 1,406.5 kcal/capita/day from lower‐middle income countries. Higher income countries tended to intake less cereals (P‐trend<0.001).ConclusionsPattern and prevalence of NCDs through a nutritional perspective may be different according to income levels of countries. More strong research are needed to identify major nutrition‐related factors that lead to increased prevalence of NCDs (e.g., coronary heart disease) in different income level countries.
Dietary Behaviors Characteristic for the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nakao Motoyuki , Ishihara Yoko 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and borderline diabetes is increasing. The social and economic burden and the shortening of healthy life expectancy due to diabetes mellitus and its complications were concerned worldwide. Dietary instruction to the patients for the prevention of exacerbation emphasized the restriction of calorie intake hitherto. Aside from calorie intake, various dietary behavior and lifestyles are involved in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Therefore, in this study, we investigated that the dietary pattern and other factors of the general population to identify the factors contributing Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsSubjects were recruited at the healthcare center in Kyushu, Japan. 1,058 subjects were involved in this study. The male‐to‐female ratio was 7:3. Administration of the self‐completed questionnaire including the question regarding dietary behavior and medical examination were performed in Japanese subjects aged 40–79 years. The dependent variable of logistic regression was physician‐diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, physician‐diagnosed hypertension and eight scales of dietary behavior.ResultsAmong the participants, approximately 10% of subjects were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus and 35% was physician‐diagnosed hypertension. More than 5% of the subjects were suffered by both diseases. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, male, higher body mass index, physician‐diagnosed hypertension, frequent eating‐out, and lack of consideration of calorie intake at eating‐out showed significantly high ORs. These ORs maintained significance after adjustment. Additionally, OR of current smoking status became significant by adjustment. These results suggest that the subjects with diabetes mellitus tend to preserve unhealthy lifestyle than those without diabetes. In contrast, increased snack intake and sweetened beverage intake showed significantly lower ORs, and the OR of snack intake lost significance after adjustment. This result suggests that the patients with diabetes mellitus abstained snack and sweetened beverage intake probably due to the physician's instruction. There was no significance in the scores representing salt intake including frequent intake of salted food, seasoning usage, and soup intake (e.g., soup with noodles).ConclusionsThe results illustrate that obese, hypertensive, and older male who is a current smoker is suggested to be a typical patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan. Although the patients with diabetes mellitus abstained sugar intake, the results showed that they dine out more frequent than those without diabetes mellitus, and do not consider calorie intake at the restaurant. Therefore, the instruction and intervention relating to eating out behavior was required for the patients with diabetes mellitus in Japan.
The Association Between Eating Frequency and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial
Authors: Clowry Catherine M , Beatty Sarah J , Thomson Cynthia A , Wertheim Betsy C , Neuhouser Marian L 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe relationship between eating frequency (EF) and health is uncertain. We investigated the association between EF and incident diabetes in postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial (WHI‐DM). The WHI‐DM was a low‐fat dietary intervention trial; 24‐hour dietary recalls were administered in year 3 of the trial as part of trial adherence activities. For this analysis, the recall data were used to examine the relationship between number of daily eating occasions and risk for diabetes. Outcomes data were collected by annual self‐report.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 2,159 post‐menopausal women aged 50 to 79 y, of diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds and represented a subset of WHI‐DM participants. Participants were categorized into groups according to their reported meal frequency: 1–3 meals per day, 4 meals per day, and ≥5 meals per day. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the relationship of eating frequency with risk of Type 2 diabetes. All models were adjusted for socio‐economic status, race/ethnicity, BMI, waist circumference, energy intake from the recall, time between study enrollment and recall administration and clinical trial arm assignment. Further analyses were stratified by baseline BMI, race/ethnicity, and age.ResultsMost women reported intake of 1–3 meals or 4 meals (n=795 and 713, respectively); only 86 women reported EF >5 servings/day. Eating frequency was inversely associated with age and positively associated with income, BMI and energy intake. Multivariate models indicated that eating 4 meals per day was associated with an increased risk for incident diabetes (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.79) as compared to eating 1–3 meals per day. No significant association was observed between the highest (5+ meals/day) and lowest (1–3 meals/day) groups. The increased risk observed for the group eating 4 meals per day did not differ across BMI groups or by race/ethnicity; however associations were stronger in those > 60 y.ConclusionThis study showed that women eating 4 versus 1–3 meals per day experienced a greater risk for diabetes. Potential underlying mechanisms include increased number of glucose and insulin excursions with more frequent meal consumption. Since diabetes is one of the most common and serious chronic diseases facing postmenopausal women, identification of strategies for prevention is an important public health goal. Additional large‐scale studies are warranted to confirm these associations.Support or Funding InformationThe WHI Dietary Modification Trial was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health.
Association between circulating magnesium levels and risk of coronary heart diseases, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Xun Pengcheng , Wu Jiang , Tang Qingya , Cai Wei , He Ka 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo examine circulating magnesium (Mg) levels in relation to incidence of coronary heart diseases (CHD), hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).DesignMeta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies.Data sourcesStudies published before September 2016 were searched through PubMed, EmBase, and Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies that reported relative risk (RR), hazard ratio, or odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval (CI) between baseline serum or plasma Mg levels and incidences of the outcomes of interest.ResultsTen studies were identified. Of them, 5 reported results on CHD (38,808 individuals [4,437 cases] with a 10.5‐year follow‐up), 3 on hypertension (14,876 participants [3,149 cases] with an average 6.7‐year follow‐up), and 3 on T2DM (22,729 participants [1,874 cases] with a 9.7‐year follow‐up). Comparing the highest to the lowest category of circulating Mg concentrations, the pooled RRs (95% CIs) were 0.86 (0.74, 0.996), 0.91 (0.80, 1.02), and 0.66 (0.49, 0.90) for incidence of CHD, hypertension, and T2DM, respectively. Every 0.1 mmol/L increment in circulating Mg levels was associated with 4% [RR: 0.96 (0.94, 0.99)] reduction in hypertension incidence. No significant linear association was found between circulating Mg levels and incidence of CHD [0.89 (0.77, 1.03)] and T2DM [0.92 (0.81, 1.04)].ConclusionsFindings from this meta‐analysis suggest that circulating Mg levels are inversely associated with incidence of CHD, hypertension, and T2DM. Further studies are warranted to establish a causal‐relationship and to identify the optimal range of circulating Mg concentration with respect to the primary prevention of CHD, hypertension, and T2DM.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by one grant from Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (14DZ2272400, to W.C.) and one grant from the National Institute of Health (R01ES021735, to K.H.).
Associations of Whole and Refined Grain Intakes with Adiposity‐Related Cancer Risk in the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1991–2013)
Authors: Makarem Nour , Bandera Elisa V. , Lin Yong , McKeown Nicola , Parekh Niyati 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate associations between whole and refined grains and their food sources in relation to risk of adiposity‐related cancers combined and three of the most commonly diagnosed site‐specific cancers in the US: breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.MethodsParticipants were adults from the Framingham Offspring cohort (N=3,184). Dietary intakes were measured using a food frequency questionnaire at clinical exam 5 (1991–1995). Medical and lifestyle data was also available at this exam. Between 1991 and 2013, 565 adiposity‐related cancers (124 breast, 157 prostate, and 68 colorectal) were ascertained using medical and pathology reports. Cox‐ proportional hazards models were used to estimate age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between whole grains, refined grains and their major food sources in relation to cancer.ResultsThere were no significant associations between whole and refined grain intakes and incidence of adiposity‐related cancers combined (HR:0.94; 95%CI:0.71–1.23 and 0.98; 95%CI:0.70–1.38, respectively). When assessed separately for cancer sites, null results were also observed for prostate and colorectal cancers. However, higher whole grain intakes were associated with a 39% reduction in risk for breast cancer in multivariable‐adjusted models (HR: 0.61;95%CI:0.38–0.98). When consumption of whole and refined grain food sources was examined, higher consumption of whole grain food sources, collectively, was associated with 47% lower breast cancer risk (HR:0.53;95%CI:0.33–0.86). Among individual whole grain foods, consumption of popcorn was associated with 25% higher risk of adiposity‐related cancers (HR:1.25;95%CI: 1.01–1.26)(p‐trend=0.033). No associations were observed for the other examined cancers.ConclusionsHigher consumption of whole grains may protect against breast cancer, but associations are less clear for other cancer sites. Further research is warranted for cancers at specific anatomical sites and in other ethnic groups for which associations between nutritional factors and cancer risk may vary.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant (#RSG‐12‐005‐01‐CNE)
The Impact of Diabetes on Typical Manifestation of Tuberculosis and the Nutritional Status
Authors: Wang Qiuzhen , Ma Aiguo , Zhao Shanliang , Cai Jing , Zhang Yu , Han Xiaohong , Kou Tingyan , Du Baoli , Song Jiaqi 
Published: November 2023

It has been reported that pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in diabetic patients (DM) presents an atypical radiographic pattern, together with an aggravated clinical manifestation. However, the results vary substantially between studies. We investigated the lung damage of the TB patients with and without DM detected by computer tompgraphic (CT) in a chest hospital from January, 2014 to June, 2015. Totally, 278 TB patients with DM (TB‐DM) and 348 TB patients without DM were recruited. The results showed that TB‐DM had a significantly higher prevalence of lung cavity and infiltrate than TB (59.0% vs 43.0%, p<0.001; 80.1% vs 69.4%, p<0.01, respectively) and more lower‐lobe lesion was observed in TB‐DM (p<0.05). TB‐DM patients had a higher incidence of haemoptysis, sputum positive, especially >10 bacilli per oil immersion field (all p<0.05). There existed sever kind of malnutrition in TB‐DM patients. Nearly 70% patients had lymphocyte reduction, nearly 30% hadanemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Also, there exsited hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia in the subjects. In conclusion, TB‐DM patients showed more severe lung damage and more frequent lower‐lobe lesion, which indicates that it is of great importance to distinguish the disease from community‐acquired pneumonia since most of the later reports are based on the results of radiographs of lower‐lobe manifestation. And malnutrition may be associated with the prevalence of TB‐DM.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NSFC‐81472983
Resveratrol inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth through epigenetic regulation of Wnt antogonist SFRP5
Authors: Liu Chin‐yu , Yen Hsing‐yu , Tsao Chih‐Wei , Su Her‐Young , Lin Ya‐Wen 
Published: November 2023

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. OC is the top ten of cancer in females in Taiwan and all over the world. Cancer metastasis follows with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is associated with EMT. The secreted frizzled‐related proteins (SFRPs) act as antagonists of the Wnt ligands and inhibit the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. In the past research indicated the resveratrol has the capacity for anti‐ inflammatory, anti‐ oxidant and anti‐cancer effects as well as involve in the DNA methylation regulation. It is helpful for inhibiting the tumor suppressor gene methylated and re‐expression. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of resveratrol on DNA methylation modification in ovarian cancer cell (SKOV3). Cell was treated with DMSO, 10 μM 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (DAC), 5 μM DAC, 45 μM resveratrol, and resveratrol combined with 5 μM DAC in 96 hours, extracting the DNA and protein for further analyze, respectively. The data show that resveratrol may inhibit total DNMT activity, DNMT3a protein expression, regulate tumor suppressor gene SFRP5 expression by combined with 5 μM DAC and regulate Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, as a result, it can attenuate or inhibit the ovarian cancer development.Support or Funding InformationMOST 105‐2314‐B‐030‐003, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate sensitizes multidrug‐resistant oral squamous carcinoma cells to vincristine sulfate involving angiogenesis inhibition via down‐regulating VEGF in vivo
Authors: Hu Ye , Chen Li , Zhang Guo , Li Li , Liang Gang 
Published: November 2023

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a formidable obstacle to effective chemotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Recently, emerging evidences have demonstrated that (−)‐Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, may be a promising candidate in the quest for overcoming MDR in human cancer cells, yet, its detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on multidrug‐resistant human OSCC and the underlying mechanisms. Firstly, KBV200 cells‐inoculated nude mice xenograft, a presentative MDR OSCC model, was established and then treated with different compounds. Compared to vincristine sulfate (VCR) treated group, EGCG and VCR combined treatment caused a dramatically tumor growth inhibition in a dose‐dependent manner, while EGCG alone could not inhibit growth of KBV200 xenograft. Consistently, by counting the micro‐vessel density (MVD) via immunohistochemistry, EGCG together with VCR exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, the synergistic anti‐angiogenesis role by EGCG and VCR was found to be related to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these models. The VEGF mRNA and protein levels were much lower in KBV200 xenograft treated with combined regime than VCR alone. Taken together, the current study indicated that EGCG sensitizes therapeutic efficacy of VCR on multidrug‐resistant OSCC probably in part by inhibiting angiogenesis via down‐regulation of VEGF.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NSFC Grants 881172260, 30630145, 81360077 and GXNSFC Grants 2015GXNSFDA139022 to Guo Zhang