bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound of the Hepatobiliary‐pancreatic System
Authors: Benson Mark D. , Gandhi Mitesh R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUltrasound (US) remains an excellent first line investigation of the gallbladder and for indicating diagnoses and defining levels of extrahepatic biliary obstruction and screening for liver metastases. It is extremely useful in assisting interventional procedures and assessing the status of hepatic vessels. As a nonoperative procedure, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can accurately locate and locally stage pathology of the pancreas and periampullary region and even provide reliable biopsy evidence in experienced hands. A limitation, of course, is its field‐of‐view restriction, which prevents identification of distant metastatic disease. This restriction is not present with laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS), which apart from being an operative procedure, has all the other advantages of EUS and in addition can identify nodal, hepatic, and extrahepatic metastatic spread. Greater use of intraoperative biopsy should assist in identifying nodal disease but requires the readily available services of a pathologist. Local disease may be even more definable using the newer technology of intraductal ultrasound (IDUS). Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS), whether direct or via the laparoscope, is now an indispensable tool for all surgeons who want to perform hepatobiliary‐pancreatic surgery at the highest level.
Surgical Results in Patients with Hepatitis B‐related Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Positive Hepatitis B Early Antigen
Authors: Chen Jen‐Hao , Chau Gar‐Yang , Lui Wing‐Yiu , Tsay Shyh‐Haw , King Kuang‐Liang , Loong Che‐Chuan , Hsia Cheng‐Yuan , Wu Chew‐Wen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major risk factor in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients who are positive for hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg) have active liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible role of HBeAg in patients with resectable HCC. A series of 249 HCC patients with complete preoperative hepatitis marker who had undergone potentially curative resection were enrolled. Patients with hepatitis C virus infection were excluded. Of these patients, 27 were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBeAg (group I), 171 were positive for HBsAg and negative for HBeAg (group II), and 51 were negative for hepatitis B markers (group III). The clinicopathologic features and postoperative survivals were compared among the three groups. The prevalence of HBeAg was 10.8%. Group I patients were significantly younger and had worse liver function, smaller tumors, and a higher incidence of liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis than those in groups II and III. No increase in tumor invasiveness was noted in group I patients. The operative morbidity, mortality, and postresection survival were comparable among the three groups. Our findings indicated that HBeAg positivity is not a negative factor for resection in HCC patients and has no significant influence on postresection survival.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Fullerenol on the Ischemia‐reperfusion Intestine in Dogs
Authors: Lai Hong‐Shiee , Chen Wei‐Jao , Chiang Long‐Yong 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Fullerenol, a water‐soluble C60‐fullerene derivative, has been demonstrated to have the capability to scavenge free radicals in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fullerenol can scavenge the free radicals that are massively induced during ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury of the small intestine, either preventively or therapeutically. Clamping the superior mesenteric artery and vein for 60 minutes to induce I/R injury was performed on male mongrel dogs. Thirty dogs were divided into three groups (10 in each): The control (C) group received no medication; the preventive (P) group received fullerenol (1 mg/kg) intravenously 30 minutes before ischemia; the therapeutic (T) group received the same dose of fullerenol immediately after reperfusion. This study was an experimental randomized trial. Intestinal segments were obtained 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes after reperfusion; and blood samples and specimens of major organs were taken 60 minutes after reperfusion. Concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, including conjugated diene (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the level of glutathione (GSH) in intestinal tissue were determined. Serum indicators of liver and renal function were measured. Histologic examination of the small intestine and major organs were also performed. A significant increase in intestinal MDA and CD contents was detected at 30 and 60 minutes after reperfusion. The tissue GSH content, in contrast, was decreased 60 minutes after reperfusion. Administration of fullerenol diminished these changes both preventively and therapeutically. Liver and renal functions were within normal limits in all groups. Moreover no obvious histopathologic additional damage could be found in either the P or the T group. It is suggested that fullerenol can be considered a powerful scavenger for the free radicals induced by I/R injury of the small intestine.
Early Gastric Cancer: Unrecognized Indicator of Multiple Malignancies
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Bonfanti Giuliano , Mariani Luigi , Miceli Rosalba , Andreola Salvatore 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative outcome and occurrence of second primary malignancies in patients who underwent radical resection for early gastric cancer. Altogether 105 patients with early gastric cancer underwent radical resection and were followed up for a median period of 71 months. Overall lethality was analyzed with regard to mortality due to gastric cancer or other causes. Standardized mortality and morbidity ratios were calculated using data from the Tumor Registry of Lombardy. The 5‐year survival rate was 82.8% (operative mortality excluded), which was not different from that expected from an age‐ and sex‐matched Italian population. Ten second primary malignancies were identified, giving a standardized mortality ratio of 1.12 and a standardized morbidity ratio of 1.50. Patients undergoing surgery for early gastric cancer (especially the intestinal type) may have a circa 50% higher risk of a second tumor and should be periodically checked for other tumors, mainly in the supramesocolic area.
Esophageal Obstruction Caused by a Left Aortic Arch and an Anomalous Right Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Two German Shepherd Littermates
Authors: Holt David , Heldmann Eileen , Michel Kathryn , Buchanan James W. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To present details of surgical management of an unusual vascular ring anomaly in two German Shepherd littermates.Study Design—Clinical case report.Study Population—Three‐month‐old intact male and female German Shepherd littermates.Results—In each dog, the esophagus was obstructed by a vascular ring comprised of the left aortic arch, an anomalous patent right ductus arteriosus, and the pulmonary artery ventrally. Surgical treatment consisted of dividing and oversewing the patent right ductus arteriosus. Neither dog has clinical signs of esophageal disease one year after treatment.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—This vascular ring anomaly should be considered a possibility in any young dog with esophageal obstruction and a machinery murmur.
Arthrodesis of the Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Comparison of Two 7‐Hole 3.5‐mm Broad and Two 5‐hole 4.5‐mm Narrow Dynamic Compression Plates
Authors: Watt Bruce C. , Edwards Ryland B. , Markel Mark D. , McCabe Ron , Wilson David G. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To compare the biomechanical characteristics and mode of failure of two different dynamic compression plate (DCP) techniques for proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis in horses.Study Design—Randomized block‐design blocking on horse (1–5), method of fixation (two 7‐hole, 3.5‐mm broad DCP vs two 5‐hole, 4.5‐mm narrow DCP), side (left, right), and end (front, hind). Constructs were loaded to failure in 3‐point bending in a dorsal‐to‐palmar (plantar) direction.Sample Population—Ten paired limbs from 5 equine cadavers.Methods—Two 7‐hole, 3.5‐mm broad dynamic compression plates (bDCP) were used in 1 limb of a pair, and two 5‐hole 4.5‐mm narrow dynamic compression plates (nDCP) were used on the contralateral limb. Plates were positioned abaxially across the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspect of the PIPJ. Arthrodesis constructs were loaded (19 mm/s) in 3‐point bending in a dorsal‐to‐palmar (plantar) direction using a materials‐testing machine. Composite stiffness, yield point, and maximal bending moment at failure were obtained from bending moment—angular deformation curves. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, χ2analysis, and Fisher's exact tests; the power of the test was calculated when differences were not significant.Results—There were no significant differences in composite stiffness (P> .05; power = 0.8 @δ= 21.9%), yield point (P> .05; power = 0.8 @δ= 34.4%), or maximal bending moment (P> .05; power = 0.8 @δ= 17.8%) between the two fixation techniques. For bDCP constructs, 11% (15 of 140) of the 3.5‐mm screws were damaged; 7 of the screw heads pulled through plates where the plates bent, 1 screw head broke off, and 7 screws were bent or pulled out of the phalanx. For nDCP constructs, 8% (8 of 100) of the 4.5‐mm screws were damaged; 1 screw head pulled through a plate, 1 screw head broke off, and 6 screws were bent or pulled out of the phalanx.Conclusions—There were no biomechanical or failure differences between bDCP and nDCP fixation of the PIPJ in horses when evaluated in single‐cycle 3‐point bending to failure.Clinical Relevance—There is no biomechanical advantage to the use of two 7‐hole, 3.5‐mm bDCP in equine proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis compared with two 5‐hole, 4.5‐mm nDCP. Two 5‐hole, 4.5‐mm nDCP may be easier to place, whereas two 7‐hole, 3.5‐mm bDCP may provide more versatility in fracture repair.
Comparisons of memories for traumatic events and other experiences
Authors: Byrne Christina A. , Hyman Ira E. , Scott Kaia L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the similarities and differences between memory ratings for traumatic, negative, and positive life experiences. A sample of 113 female undergraduates completed a packet of questionnaires that included memory rating scales for all three types of experiences and measures of psychological functioning. Analyses revealed that traumatic experiences and negative experiences were less well‐recalled than positive experiences with regard to some sensory information and some aspects of the narrative structure of the event. In addition, there were no differences between some memory ratings for different types of life events. Additionally, no clear relationships emerged between memory ratings and measures of psychological functioning. Findings tend to support theoretical perspectives that emphasize more limited memory for traumatic experiences relative to memory for other experiences. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A brief look at the Tsypkin criterion: from analysis to design
Authors: Larsen Michael , Kokotović Petar V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTsypkin was among the first to recognize the importance of the Popov criterion and to extend it to discrete‐time systems in the form now known as the Tsypkin criterion. This paper briefly reviews the evolution of the Tsypkin criterion from its original use in absolute stability analysis to its current application as a design tool. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a better understanding of the cathodic disbondment performance of polyethylene coatings on steel
Authors: Roy D. , Simon G. P. , Forsyth M. , Mardel J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolyethylene is one of the most widely used corrosion‐protection thermoplastic coating materials that protects steel by providing a barrier to oxygen, water, and corrosive ions and performs very well. In order to further improve medium density polyethylene (MDPE) properties with regard to cathodic disbondment (CD), i.e., the loss of adhesion that takes place in the presence of cathodic protection (CP), various blends with functionalized polyethylenes containing polar functional groups such as maleic anhydride‐grafted‐polyethylene (MAH‐g‐PE) and other thermoplastic elastomers such as EPDM have been formulated to increase CD performance. Using compression molding and strew coating, the above modified polyethylenes have been applied on steel plate and pipe, respectively. The CD performance and 90° peel strength (dry and wet) of these formulations are investigated in this study. It is observed that dry bond strength does not correlate with CD performance. The improvement of CD performance for compression‐molded materials and strew‐coated samples is demonstrated. Also discussed, for comparison, is the performance of MDPE applied by a commercially relevant fluidized bed technique. Wet adhesion strength is shown to be an important parameter in assessing the CD performance of coatings. The disbondment mechanism of failed polymer surfaces has also been investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which allows us to monitor the mass transfer of the sodium cations along the crevice during CD. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 44–58, 2002; DOI 10.1002/adv.10010
Rh genotyping: Avoiding false‐negative and false‐positive results among individuals of African ancestry
Authors: Ekman G.C. , Billingsly R. , Hessner M.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh homology, variant alleles, and silent alleles have made the development of completely reliable genotyping assays for the RHD and RHC alleles difficult. An RHD pseudogene (RHDψ) possessing a 37‐bp insertion within exon 4 is common among serologically RhD‐negative individuals of African descent and generates false‐positive results in previously reported RhD genotyping assays. Genotyping RhC is problematic due to exon 2 homology between RHD and RHC; however, an RHC‐specific 109‐bp insertion within intron 2 has been reported useful for genotyping. Primers flanking the exon 4 insertion point were used for detection of RHD and RHDψ among a total of 231 serotyped individuals: 134 African American, 85 Caucasian, and 12 RhD serotype‐negative/genotype‐positive, D‐sensitized women. Primers flanking the RHC‐specific intron 2 insertion were used to genotype 282 serotyped individuals (128 African American, 154 Caucasian) and were compared to RHC genotyping using the exon 1 RhC‐specific nt48 cytosine polymorphism. Complete correlation was observed between genotyping with the RHDψ primer pair and serotyping among 219 individuals and 10/12 previous RHD false‐positive genotyping results were resolved. RHDψ was detected in 19% (n = 4/21) of RhD seronegative African Americans and 4.4% (n = 5/113) of RhD seropositive African Americans. When using the 109‐bp intron 2 insertion for genotyping of RHC, a 23.9% (n = 11/46) false‐negative rate was observed among African American RhCc serotyped heterozygotes. Utilization of the exon 1 nt48 cytosine for indirect genotyping of RHC yielded a 7.2% (n = 4/55) and 56.3% (n = 45/80) false‐positive rate among Rhcc Caucasians and African Americans, respectively. We conclude that these additional reactions, though not sufficient alone, can be useful supplements to existing Rh genotyping assays. Am. J. Hematol. 69:34‐40, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the TEL/EVI1 fusion transcript in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia with t(3;12)(q26;p13)
Authors: Nakamura Yuichi , Nakazato Hiroshi , Sato Yuko , Furusawa Shinpei , Mitani Kinuko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe t(3;12)(q26;p13) translocation is a recurrent chromosomal aberration observed in myeloid malignancies. It has been shown that the translocation results in the fusion of the TEL (ETV6) gene at 12p13 and the EV11 gene at 3q26. We report the first case with Philadelphia (Ph)‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) expressing the TEL/EVI1 fusion transcript. A 26‐year‐old man was initially diagnosed as having the chronic phase of Ph‐positive CML. The t(3;12)(q26;p13) emerged 16 months prior to the myeloid blastic crisis. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction detected the TEL/EVI1 transcript without the intervening 5′ non‐coding exon of EVI1, suggesting that inappropriate expression of the EVI1 protein driven by the TEL promotor could play a critical role in progression to the blast crisis of CML. Am. J. Hematol. 69:80‐82, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet activation and hypercoagulability following treatment with porcine factor VIII (HYATE:C)
Authors: Freedman J. , Mody M. , Lazarus A.H. , Dewar L. , Song S. , Blanchette V.S. , Garvey M.B. , Ofosu F.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractActivation of platelets and coagulation in vivo was studied in nine patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors to human Factor VIII, prior to and following treatment with porcine Factor VIII (PFVIII; HYATE:C). In addition, six hemophiliac patients were similarly studied after treatment with recombinant Factor VIII (rFVIII). Platelet activation was also examined in vitro using porcine von Willebrand factor (PvWF)‐enriched and PvWF‐depleted fractions obtained by fractionation of PFVIII. Coagulation was assessed by measuring the concentrations of plasma prothrombin fragment 1+2 concentrations (prothrombinase generation) and Factor Xa‐ATIII. Patients treated with PFVIII had significantly increased numbers of circulating platelets expressing CD62 and CD63 (markers of platelet activation) and annexin V (marker of platelet procoagulant activity) compared to patients treated with rFVIII; the former patients also demonstrated an increase in plasma coagulability after therapy. In in vitro experiments it was observed that the platelet‐activating and procoagulant capacity of PFVIII resided in the PvWF‐enriched fraction, and the same was true for the plasma hypercoagulability following exposure of platelets to PFVIII. These results support the hypothesis that PFVIII‐induced platelet activation provides a mechanism for enhancing hemostasis, separate from, and additional to, that due to increased circulating Factor VIII, and it is due to residual PvWF in the PFVIII preparation. Am. J. Hematol. 69:192–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction with the renin‐angiotensin system in African‐Americans
Authors: Hooper W. Craig , Dowling Nicole F. , Wenger Nanette K. , Dilley Anne , Ellingsen Dorothy , Evatt Bruce L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms/mutations associated with venous thrombosis have largely been confined to the genes that encode for proteins in either the coagulant or the anticoagulant pathway. Although genetic alterations in the renin–angiotensin system have been reported to have a role in myocardial infarction and hypertension, there is recent evidence to suggest that there may also be an association with venous thrombosis. To extend our earlier observation of an association between the ACE DD genotype in African‐American males and venous thrombosis, other genes in the renin–angiotensin pathway were investigated for possible disease association and were compared with African‐Americans with myocardial infarction. African‐American patients with a documented history of venous thrombosis or a history of myocardial infarction were eligible for participation as cases in the study. Control subjects were African‐American outpatients attending a clinical laboratory for routine blood tests who had comparable age and gender distributions to the cases. Persons with a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or thrombosis were excluded. Genes that were analyzed for known polymorphisms included angiotensinogen, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), and the angiotensin II type I receptor. Our results showed that the ACE DD genotype was also associated with MI in African‐American males but not in females. Racial/ethnic and sex differences were also found with respect to the genotype distribution of the ACE 4656(CT)2/3 poly‐ morphism. It was observed that the 2/2 genotype had a protective effective in males for myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. The data also demonstrated that the allele frequencies of the A1166C variant of the angiotensin II type I receptor were different in African‐Americans as compared to Caucasians. Am. J. Hematol. 70:1–8, 2002.
Immune thrombocytopenia: A rare presenting manifestation of tuberculosis
Authors: Ghobrial M.W. , Albornoz M.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the case of a 49 year‐old male who presented with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)‐induced epistaxis and generalized purpura. During the same hospitalization the patient was also found to have clinical, microbiological, histological, and roentgenographic evidence of disseminated mycobacterial tuberculosis (TB). The hematological and infectious abnormalities, which did not respond to high‐dose intravenous corticosteroids and immune globulin (IVIg), resolved after anti‐tuberculous treatment. Herein we review the characteristics of this rarely documented association. Am. J. Hematol. 67:139–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibody against platelet membrane glycoprotein VI in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Takahashi Hoyu , Moroi Masaaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPlatelet–collagen interaction is important in primary hemostasis and collagen receptors on the platelet surface include membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ia/IIa and VI. Platelets from a 47‐year‐old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a mild bleeding symptom showed a defective collagen‐induced aggregation and an impaired adhesion to collagen surface. The patient's platelets had a markedly decreased content of GPVI. The patient had an antibody against GPVI in serum and the patient's plasma induced aggregation and release reaction of normal platelets. These findings indicate that GPVI is an important receptor for collagen on the platelet surface, and that anti‐GPVI antibody activates the platelets, resulting in aggregation. This is the first documented case of SLE who acquired a platelet‐aggregating anti‐GPVI antibody. Am. J. Hematol. 67:262–267, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular pathogenesis and clinical variability of β‐thalassemia syndromes among Indians
Authors: Nadkarni Anita , Gorakshakar A.C. , Lu C.Y. , Krishnamoorthy R. , Ghosh K. , Colah Roshan , Mohanty Dipika 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSixty‐four homozygous β‐thalassemia patients comprising 40 patients with β‐thalassemia major and 24 patients with β‐thalassemia intermedia were investigated for the nature of their β‐thalassemia mutations, associated α‐thalassemia, and XmnI polymorphism in the gamma gene which are known to affect the clinical course of the disease. This study was undertaken to look for the contribution of these associated factors in reducing the clinical severity of homozygous β‐thalassemia from a severe disease to a β‐thalassemia intermedia phenotype. Clinical severity of these patients was assessed by the degree of transfusion dependency and the age at which the patient presented with symptoms. Globin chain synthetic ratio was taken as the biochemical pointer of severity of the disease. Eleven different β‐thalassemia mutations were encountered among 128 β‐thalassemia chromosomes. It was observed that the nature of the β‐thalassemia mutations was not very different between the β‐thalassemia major and β‐thalassemia intermedia groups in our patients, but co‐inheritance of one or more α‐globin gene deletions (−α3.7) and the presence of the XmnI polymorphism were associated with lesser severity of the disease in Indians. Am. J. Hematol. 68:75–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.