bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐agent‐based negotiation support system for distributed transmission cost allocation
Authors: Yan Yonghe , Yen Jerome , Bui Tung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have developed a multi‐agent system (MAS), based on the network flow model and KQML, called MASCAN, to support negotiations in the cost allocation of network transmission. This is very important to industries that have different entities connected with lines or pipes, such as the Internet and telecommunications. Such an approach is especially useful to the utility industries, such as electricity and gas, and the transportation industry. In the system, each agent represents a node in a network, for example supplier or consumer. Agents do not receive any centralized controls or information from centralized sources to guarantee autonomy–a key requirement for the agent. In this all decisions are made locally based on the rules or knowledge that each agent has or captured to communicate or coordinate with other agents for the cheapest path under fair‐play requirements. We also assume that each agent is rational, that is, one of the goals or objectives of agent decisions or movements is to minimize costs or increase profits. The solution to cost allocation is to search for the equilibrium point of a non‐cooperative game subject to the given constraints, for example network capacity. We applied MASCAN to model and support the negotiation of cost allocation in power transmission, and the results and how this approach supported the process of negotiation are perceived to be closer to the real‐world negotiation and the outcomes were accepted more easily by the participants. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical control data on urinary and renal tissue biomarkers in naive male Wistar rats
Authors: Trevisan A. , Giraldo M. , Borella M. , Maso S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTotal proteins, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase, glutamine transaminase K and glutamine synthetase were determined in urine collected overnight (14 h: 6:00 p.m.–8:00 a.m.) from naive male Wistar rats; glutamine transaminase K and glutamine synthetase in the kidney 10 000 g supernatant and p‐aminohippurate uptake in renal cortical slices also were measured. Urinary parameters were related both to urinary creatinine concentration and urinary flow rate; kidney parameters were related to protein concentration (enzymes) or slice/medium (S/M) ratio (p‐aminohippurate uptake). The following reference ranges (1.0 and 99.0 percentiles) were obtained: urine: total urinary proteins (195 samples) 0.03–0.29 g mmol−1 creatinine and 0.13–1.77 mg h−1; angiotensin‐converting enzyme (115 samples) 8.9–63.7 µmol mmol−1 creatinine and 59.4–282.7 nmol h−1; glutamine transaminase K (115 samples) 0–1.7 µmol mmol−1 creatinine and 0–8.5 nmol h−1; N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (72 samples) 0.7–5.0 µmol mmol−1 creatinine and 4.9–28.4 nmol h−1 (naive male rats did not excrete glutamine synthetase); kidney: glutamine transaminase K (36 samples) 14.5–32.8 nmol mg−1 protein; glutamine synthetase (22 samples) 13.9–48.6 nmol mg−1 protein and p‐aminohippurate (54 samples) 4.77–17.89 S/M. Urinary creatinine (r = −0.780), total urinary proteins (r = −0.521), angiotensin‐converting enzyme (r = −0.650) and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (r = −0.796) but not glutamine transaminase K were well correlated with diuresis. In addition, the same parameters, but not glutamine transaminase K, were well correlated with creatinine (r = 0.604,0.701 and 0.747, respectively). Significant correlation also was observed between urinary indices adjusted to creatinine or urinary flow rate (total urinary proteins: r = 0.813; angiotensin‐converting enzyme: r = 0.677; glutamine transaminase K: r = 0.939; N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase: r = 0.657). Finally, a low but significant correlation was found between total urinary proteins and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (r = 0.293) and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (r = 0.471). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of intravenous L‐lactic acid in anaesthetized minipigs under normoxic/normocapnic/normohydrogenaemic conditions
Authors: Petroianu G. , Kern N. , Kaercher B. , Rüfer R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA mild and transitory increase in L‐lactic acid (LAC) levels can be achieved by LAC infusion under normoxic/normocapnic/normohydrogenaemic conditions. This increase is probably sufficient to confer some protection to cholinesterases from inhibition by organophosphates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple radioactive assay for the estimation of DNA breaks
Authors: Sreekumaran Nair R. , Paulmurugan R. , Ranjit Singh A. J. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe intactness of DNA is an important part of the normal cellular structure. Any change to the DNA in the form of breaks leads to a change in the integrity, which in turn leads to abnormality in the cellular activity. Many discrepancies have been reported among the various methods of detecting DNA damage. Here, a simple, sensitive and reproducible method has been developed for the detection of DNA breaks by radioactive labelling of 5′ broken ends. The method was evaluated by studying chemically induced DNA damage by using both organochloride (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and lindane) and organophosphorus (sevin and phosphamidon) compounds at different concentrations. Phosphamidon, one of the organophosphorus compounds studied, showed complete degradation of the DNA after treatment. Radioactive analysis of phosphamidon showed higher counts at the lowest concentration (20 µg) of the chemical when compared with the control (2752 scintillation counts per minute, scm). Studies on the chemically induced DNA breaks by radiolabelling revealed that the cumulative effect of the organophosphorus and organochloride compounds showed maximum counts in all the samples (the highest being 2904 scm) when compared with the organophosphorus and organochloride compounds studied separately (the highest being 1881 and 2260 scm, respectively). Radiolabelling studies on the blood samples of 23 pesticide workers by the newly developed assay showed a significant positive correlation (0.893) between the number of years of exposure and the scintillation counts. A maximum of 11 702 scm (for 18 years of exposure) and a minimum of 1682 scm (for 4 years of exposure) were recorded compared with 1253 scm for the negative control. This method can be used effectively for estimation of the DNA breaks, irrespective of its nature. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of calcium phosphate coating crystallinity and implant surface roughness on differentiation of rat bone marrow cells
Authors: ter Brugge P. J. , Wolke J. G. C. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effect of calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) coating crystallinity and of surface roughness on growth and differentiation of osteogenic cells. Grit‐blasted titanium substrates were provided with Ca‐P coatings of different crystallinities. Rat bone marrow (RBM) cells were cultured on these substrates and on noncoated rough and smooth titanium substrates. After specific culture times, expression of osteogenic markers by the cells was studied. Cells cultured on crystalline coatings and on titanium substrates proliferate, express alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin (OC), and show mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Rough titanium substrates only express low OC levels. Significantly higher OC levels were expressed on smooth titanium, and even higher levels on the crystalline Ca‐P coating. No difference was found in calcification between smooth and rough titanium. The crystalline coating showed more calcification than the titanium substrates. When substrates without cells were incubated in medium, precipitation of calcium was found. On the titanium substrates, this precipitate disappeared after prolonged incubation. The precipitate on the crystalline coating was stable and increased with longer incubation times. On the amorphous coatings, no proliferation and differentiation of RBM cells were found. After longer culture periods, substrates showed extensive dissolution. Cells on the amorphous coatings did express high levels of prostaglandin E2. In contrast, prostaglandin E2 expression was low for the other substrates. We conclude that crystalline Ca‐P coatings stimulate differentiation of RBM cells, to a higher extent than titanium substrates. Surface roughness only has a limited effect on phenotype expression of the cells. In contrast, thin amorphous coatings show negative effects on the growth and differentiation of cultured RBM cells. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 70–78, 2002
A comparative evaluation of the tissue responses associated with polymeric implants in the rat and mouse
Authors: Kidd Kameha R. , Dal Ponte Donny B. , Kellar Robert S. , Williams Stuart K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnd product application is an important consideration when evaluating a material in an in vivo setting (Didisheim, Cardiovasc Pathol 1993;2:1S–2S). Small animal models allow high through‐put evaluation of biocompatability. Previous preclinical evaluations have often used a rat subcutaneous model for the characterization of material‐tissue interaction. Recent advances in genetic manipulation have provided mouse models with selective expression of a wide range of critical proteins. The rat model does not have many of the resources (i.e., knockouts, SCID, nude) that are present in mouse strains. The availability of these mice provides a resource to delineate the mechanisms regulating the healing associated with implants. However, before the mouse models can be used, they must be validated with respect to their ability to accurately assess tissue reponses to materials. In this study the tissue responses after the implantation of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) were compared between rat and mouse. Discs of ePTFE (30‐μm internodal distance) were implanted in subcutaneous and epididymal fat tissue of rats (Sprague‐Dawley) and mice (129‐SVJ). After 5 weeks the samples were removed and evaluated for vascular density, inflammation, and fibrous encapsulation. No difference in the vessel density was observed within the peri‐implant subcutaneous and adipose tissue or within the porous material. However, a significant difference was found in the number of activated macrophages and giant cells between these two species. Implants in the rat exhibited greater numbers of activated inflammatory cells in the peri‐implant tissue. The data indicate that the mouse and rat provide a comparable model for evaluating angiogenesis and neovascularization associated with synthetic porous implants. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 682–689, 2002
Shear stress and material surface effects on adherent human monocyte apoptosis
Authors: Shive Matthew S. , Brodbeck William G. , Colton Erica , Anderson James M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMonocytes play a critical role as both phagocytes and mediators of inflammatory responses in the prevention of cardiovascular device‐related infections. However, persistent infection of these devices still occurs and may be attributed to deleterious cellular alterations resulting from monocyte interactions with a foreign material in an environment of dynamic flow. Thus, the effects of both shear stress and adhesion to material surfaces on human monocyte apoptosis were investigated. A rotating disk system generated physiologically relevant shear stress levels (0–14 dyn/cm2), and shear‐related apoptosis occurring in adherent monocytes was characterized. Using annexin V analysis, apoptosis of polyurethane‐adherent monocytes under shear for 4 h increased to levels >70% with increasing shear in a near‐linear fashion (r2 = 0.713). It was qualitatively confirmed using confocal microscopy that filamentous (F)‐actin distribution was altered, that DNA fragmentation occurred, and that activated caspases were involved in shear‐induced apoptosis. Static studies determined that spontaneous apoptosis was material‐dependent over 72 h by demonstrating marked differences between apoptosis of monocytes adherent to a polyurethane compared to an alkyl‐modified glass. Treatment with TNF‐α augmented this material dependency in a dose‐dependent fashion over time. F‐actin content of TNF‐α‐treated cells decreased to <62% of untreated cells. We conclude that concomitant effects from both material surfaces and dynamic flow mediate human monocyte apoptosis and may have serious implications in the context of implanted cardiovascular device infection. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 148–158, 2002
Platelet adhesion to polystyrene‐based surfaces preadsorbed with plasmas selectively depleted in fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, or von Willebrand's factor
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Bor , Grunkemeier John M. , McFarland Clive D. , Horbett Thomas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour plasma proteins have been shown to be able to mediate platelet adhesion to synthetic materials when they are adsorbed as purified proteins: fibrinogen (Fg), fibronectin (Fn), vitronectin (Vn), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Among them, Fg is thought to play a leading role in mediating platelet adhesion to plasma‐preadsorbed biomaterials, but this has been established for only three types of materials so far in our laboratory. Furthermore, the role of Fn, Vn, and vWF in mediating platelet adhesion to plasma‐preadsorbed surfaces is still unclear. The aim of the current study was to assess the importance of Fg, Fn, Vn, and vWF in mediating platelet adhesion to a series of polystyrene‐based surfaces. The strategy applied in the present investigation was to compare platelet adhesion to surfaces preadsorbed with normal plasma, plasma selectively depleted in Fn or Vn or both Fn and Vn, plasma from donors who were genetically deficient in vWF, and serum. Few platelets adhered to the surfaces preadsorbed with serum, whereas depletion of Fn, Vn, or vWF from plasma did not decrease platelet adhesion significantly. Replenishment of exogenous Fg to serum before protein adsorption restored platelet adhesion to the surfaces, suggesting that Fg was the major plasma protein that mediated platelet adhesion. Also, we found that a surface density of adsorbed Fg far below the amount that usually adsorbs to synthetic surfaces was sufficient to support full‐scale platelet adhesion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 348–359, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10048
A scanning electron microscopy study of human osteoblast morphology on five orthopedic metals
Authors: Schmidt Carla , Kaspar Daniela , Sarkar Michael R. , Claes Lutz E. , Ignatius Anita A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDespite the long‐standing use of metals as orthopedic implants there still are unsolved problems with these materials and open questions about their behavior in a biological environment. Cell‐culture studies provide a useful tool for investigations. In addition to the determination of biochemical or molecular biological parameters, the morphology of adhering cells reflects their interaction with the substrata. This article describes an investigation of the morphology of human osteoblasts on stainless steel, cobalt chromium alloy, commercially pure titanium, Ti‐6Al‐4V, and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb with surface designs similar to those used as clinical implants. A cell culture plastic surface was used as a control material. The materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy at different points of time. The cells spread, proliferated, and formed nodules on all test substrates in a time‐dependent manner, without signs of a disturbing influence from any of the materials. On the smooth surfaces the cells showed a flattened fibroblast‐like morphology and only slight differences could be detected. Therefore, the cellular morphology seems not to be markedly affected by the different chemical material compositions. In contrast, the titanium alloy with a rough, sandblasted surface induced a three‐dimensional growth. This three‐dimensional cellular network could be the basis for the known earlier differentiation of osteoblasts on rough surfaces in vitro and a better osseointegration in vivo. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 252–261, 2002
The wear pattern in metal‐on‐metal hip prostheses
Authors: Anissian H. Lucas , Stark André , Good Victoria , Dahlstrand Henrik , Clarke Ian C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe accumulated data suggest that there is a strong correlation between polyethylene wear and osteolysis, which ultimately leads to prosthetic loosening. Second‐generation metal‐on‐metal prostheses have been introduced, with an eye toward resolving this wear‐induced osteolysis problem. The metal particles and ions are biologically active and can affect the cell homeostasis. Thus, defining the wear pattern and ratio of a given metal‐on‐metal prosthesis system is desirable. An early high‐wear or run‐in phase followed by a low‐wear phase or steady state has been suggested for metal‐on‐metal hip prostheses. The aim of this study was to define the wear pattern of metal‐on‐metal bearings. The prosthesis systems were tested in a joint simulator. An early accelerated wear phase transformed to a slower wear phase after 700,000 cycles. The run‐in and steady‐state wear rates for combined head and liner averaged 2.22 mm3/Mc and 1.0 mm3/ million cycles, respectively. The metal‐on‐metal prosthesis featured a biphasic wear trend with the wear ratio in run in being more than twofold higher than the steady‐state phase. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 673–678, 2001
Sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate increases bone mass in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Sun Jui‐Sheng , Huang Yi‐Chau , Tsuang Yang‐Hwei , Chen Li‐Ting , Lin Feng‐Huei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBisphosphonates are synthetic pyrophosphate analogs that can be used for the treatment of osteoporosis. Sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate, as a pyrophosphate analog, may be useful in the clinical setting for osteoporosis. In this study, an ovariectomized rat model is used to evaluate the effects of orally administered sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate on bone mass. Thirty‐six female rats were used in this study. They randomly were divided into six groups: a negative normal control group, a positive osteoporosis control group, and ovariectomized groups treated either with alendronate sodium (one group) or sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate (three groups, each at a different level). The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks after treatment. For all the rats, whole blood samples were obtained for the biochemical study. Bone ashes of long bones were measured and studied and histologic studies of cancellous bone were carried out. The ingestion of either alendronate or sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate did not have any deleterious effect on the major visceral organs. Ingestion of alendronate or sintered pyrophosphate decreased the bony porosity and increased bone mineral contents in the long bones of ovariectomized rats. Thus sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate can increase bone mass in the ovariectomized rat. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 246–253, 2002
Accelerated development of uroporphyria in mice heterozygous for a deletion at the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase locus
Authors: Franklin Michael R. , Phillips John D. , Kushner James P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree weeks after a single dose of irondextran and Aroclor 1254, mice maintained continuously on δ‐aminolevulinic acid supplemented drinking water showed significantly elevated levels of hepatic uroporphyrin and depressed (25% of normal) uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO‐D) activity. Depressed URO‐D activity was paralleled by the ability of heat denatured cytosol to inhibit rhURO‐D activity. Mice heterozygous for a targeted disruption at the URO‐D locus (URO‐D+/−) exhibited half the URO‐D activity of homozygous controls prior to treatment. After treatment, these animals showed URO‐D activity and rhURO‐D inhibitory activity comparable to similarly treated wild type (URO‐D+/+) mice but with significantly greater uroporphyrin accumulation. With only 10 days of treatment, URO‐D+/− but not URO‐D+/+ mice showed changes similar in magnitude to those seen after 21 days. Prior to treatment, URO‐D genotype did not influence overall hepatic P450 concentration in either sex and there was no significant difference between sexes. The treatment regimen significantly elevated P450 in animals of either URO‐D genotype and in both sexes, although the induction response at the 10‐day point was attenuated in URO‐D+/− mice. From differences in the CO absorbance maximum, and by P450 activity analysis, this attenuated induction response resulted from an attenuation of the CYP2B not the CYP1A induction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:287–293, 2001
Extracorporeal immunoadsorption with protein A: Technical aspects and clinical results
Authors: Samuelsson G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for removal of large molecular‐weight substances form patients' circulation is limited by the method's non‐selectivity and non‐specificity. In order to remove the target amount of pathogenic substance, usually amounting to less than 1 g per liter of plasma, one will also remove 60‐80 g of proteins, some of which are essential. A further disadvantage of the method is the need for substitution fluids, which at least in some countries are expensive and of limited availability. Furthermore, there is a (low) risk of disease transmission.To overcome these limitations, the principle of affinity chromatography used in biochemistry was applied in medicine to develop the Excorim Extracorporeal Immunoadsorption System in the beginning of the 1980s [1].
Therapeutic plasma exchange: A paired comparison of Fresenius AS104 vs. COBE Spectra
Authors: Burgstaler E.A. , Pineda A.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), continuous flow separators are known to be efficient as exemplified by Fresenius AS104 and COBE Spectra. The AS104 uses an interface monitoring system in the centrifuge during TPE, whereas Spectra uses computer algorithms to establish the plasma‐cell interface. To determine the plasma collection efficiency (PLCE), anticoagulant (AC) volumes used, and platelets (PLT) lost of the AS104 and the Spectra, we performed a prospective paired comparison of 20 TPE (each machine). The study included 17 patients, 1.3 plasma volume exchanges (without AC), equal inlet rates, and AC ratio of 13:1. Processing times did not include reinfuse mode. Platelet loss was determined by sampling the collection bags. Inlet rates were between 60–110 ml/min. Diagnosis included peripheral neuropathies, TTP and cryoglobulinemia. The AS104 had significantly (P<0.0001) lower average whole blood processed (F:6,601 vs. S:8,584 ml), AC volume (F:532 vs. S:719 ml), and processing time (F:80 vs. S:102 minutes) than Spectra. The AS104 had significantly (P<0.0001) higher average plasma flow rates (F:53 vs. S:44 ml/minute), plasma collection efficiency (F:90 vs. S:69%), and platelet loss (F:2.0 vs. S:0.14 × 1011 plt) than Spectra. Platelet loss correlated with inlet flow rate with the AS104 but not with the Spectra. The AS104 has a significantly higher collection efficiency than Spectra allowing it to remove the same amount of plasma in significantly less time, by processing significantly less blood, using significantly less AC, but removing significantly more platelets than Spectra. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:61–66, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.