bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to justice in Canada: A noteworthy experience
Authors: Fuley T. 
Published: October 2023

The article examines the Canadian experience regarding access to justice, i.e., the activities of the commissions of inquiry and the initiation of the nationwide dialog on rethinking the concept of access to justice.
It is indicated that access to justice is considered in Canada as one of the national priorities. Among the wide range of contributing factors, it is distinguished the activities of commissions of inquiry and the impact of their reports, a nationwide public debate, the legal problem surveys and researches, analysis of their data, the use of indicators to measure progress, etc.
It is noted that the independent commissions of inquiry can be understood as an established and effective mechanism used not only to investigate disasters or accusations of public figures (fact-finding inquiries), but also to comprehensively and impartially inquire into issues of public concern, make recommendations for the development of public policy and advise the government (policy-based inquiries); therefore, the reports of such commissions have a de facto significant impact on society and contribute to reforms; the best examples regarding access to justice are the Macdonald Report and the Abella Report. The contribution of judges to the commissions of inquiry is emphasized, given judge’ professional skills of independent and impartial consideration, assessing evidence, running a procedurally fair process, following procedural requirements, etc. The influence of the reports of the commissions of inquiry on the public discussion of the issue of access to justice is characterized.
It was analyzed that the public debate in Canada regarding access to justice was initiated at the end of 1990s. both at the provincial level and at the federal (nationwide) level, and was primarily concerned with rethinking the attitude to the concept of “access to justice”. It was emphasized that the Ukrainian translation of the term «access to justice» does not reflect all the nuances of the original. Since the concept of “access to justice” arose and developed in the English-speaking environment, where fairness (“equity”) and the system of laws in a country thatjudges and punishes people are denoted by the same word “justice”, therefore, “access to justice” refers primarily to fairness and not just to a court as a state institution. It is emphasized that although the concept of “people-centered justice” did not yet exist at that time, Canada put consideration of the individual and his or her legal problems at the heart of justice responses.
Democracy as an institute of people’s government: national and international experience
Authors: Bakun V.I. 
Published: October 2023

The sovereign people exercise political power through their elected representatives. Democracy places the origin of political power in the collective will of citizens and is based on respect for their freedom and equality. It is clear that the exercise of political sovereignty in a democratic society requires that the people really consist of citizens. Democracy, as a political regime, requires that the people concerned consist of educated, autonomous, and free citizens, and that society be organized in a liberal way that allows for political pluralism through the possibility of free and open information and the existence of checks and balances. In a democratic society, citizenship is also a source of social ties.
This term is used today to refer to any political system in which the people are sovereign. Democracy can also describe a form of society, a way of governing itself adopted by an organization or a system of values.
Publicity consists in the fulfillment by the individual of his duties to the community in society. It implies devotion to public affairs, due to which everyone, claiming autonomy and freedom, believes that he should integrate into the national community and cooperate in public life. In a democratic society, power should be exercised for the people, that is, in their interests, in the common interests of the entire people, and not in the interests of dynasties, oligarchies or influential groups. On the basis of these foundations, democracy is carried out through the delegation of power to representatives of the people, elected by universal suffrage. Electoral right is a privileged instrument of exercising power by citizens. Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as «the government of the people by the people and for the people.» Thus, the governed are simultaneously rulers. The question is how, having delegated power to their representatives, can the people retain control?
Certain aspects of constitutional regulation of the right to entrepreneurial activity in Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary and Ukraine
Authors: Parkhomenko N.M. 
Published: October 2023

The article contains a comparative analysis of constitutional regulation of the right to entrepreneurial activity in Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary in part of general enshrinement of this right and foundations of state protection of competition within entrepreneurial activities, determination of common trends of such regulation and its comparison with Ukrainian one.
The comparative analysis indicates that in all the examined foreign countries (Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Hungary) the right to entrepreneurial activity is directly constitutionalized. Although the ways of its enshrinement differ, there is similar prevailing approach of establishing the freedom of entrepreneurial activity and regulating its exercise subject to conditions/restrictions set by law. Similar approach towards general enshrinement of the right to entrepreneurial activity is also applied in Article 42(1) of the Constitution of Ukraine.
Another feature of the examined EU member states is the elevation of protection of competition within entrepreneurial activities to the constitutional level. This trend is common to all the examined countries. The level of detail inherent to provisions regarding protection of competition in the constitutions of Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Hungary varies, however, their overall direction is similar. It comprises taking responsibilities on protection of competition by the state, followed by determination of specific ways of such protection. A specific feature of the Constitution of Poland is that it contains a provision that any monopoly shall be established by means of statute. Similar provision is in place in Article 42(3) of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that types and boundaries of monopoly shall be determined by law.
Based on the research results, it is concluded that, overall, trends and tendencies in regulating entrepreneurial activity in part of general enshrinement of the right to such activity and state protection of competition during its conduct, which are inherent in the constitutions of the examined EU member states, have been implemented in the Constitution of Ukraine.
The issue of determining the child’s place of residence after the parents’ divorce during martial law
Authors: Melnyk O.O. 
Published: October 2023

Marriage is a family union of a woman and a man, registered in the state registry of civil status acts. Persons who have reached marriageable age have the right to marry. Marriage is based on the free consent of a woman and a man.
A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution by a joint application of the spouses or one of them. A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution by a joint application of the spouses on the basis of a court decision. A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution at the request of one of the spouses on the basis of a court decision in accordance with the Family Code of Ukraine.
A lawsuit for divorce can be filed by one of the spouses.
A couple with children has the right to file a divorce petition with the court together with a written agreement about which of them the children will live with, what participation in ensuring their living conditions will be taken by the parent who will live separately, as well as about the conditions for his exercise of the right to personal upbringing of children.
Termination of marital relations is a difficult process, which is greatly complicated if the spouses have joint minor children. The best option is when determining the child’s place of residence after the divorce takes place peacefully. That is, the mother and father agree among themselves who will live with the offspring. At the same time, the other parent takes a direct part in raising and caring for the son or daughter.
However, more often there are situations when the partners are unable to agree to sign a settlement agreement, according to Art. 160 of the Family Code. The time is coming for the worst option — solving the issue in court.
With the beginning of the full-scale invasion in Ukraine, the number of family disputes regarding the determination of the child’s place of residence increased significantly.
The forced migration of the population, which is one of the consequences of the war, and the stress experienced are destroying families. There are situations when parents cannot agree on the child’s place of residence.
Cases when one parent chooses a child are not unique. In this regard, the Human Rights Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine calls on parents to act primarily in the interests of children, taking into account the equal rights and responsibilities of the mother and father in relation to the child, and to resolve the issue of the child’s residence in accordance with the norms of current legislation.
Modern trends in the process of individualization in the social and labor sphere
Authors: Kuchma O. 
Published: October 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the processes of individualization in the social and labor sphere, which are an important aspect of the fair determination of the peculiarities of the legal status of a person. The article analyzes the modern transformational processes that are progressing and changes the accounting of the economy and society, the theoretical aspects of the essence, the consequences of the formation and development of the modern trend towards the formation of an individualized society in which social priority belongs to individualized individuals are considered.
Conducting a scientific study, the author found that during the spread of individualization processes, the dependence of a person on the social environment, social groups and rigid social circumstances is weakened. Social life is filled with opportunities for self-affirmation and self-realization, confirmation of the priority of individual interests. Individualized personality becomes more and more independent, original in behavior, thinking, priorities, values and way of life.
Covering more and more representatives of society, these processes affect all components of both the socio-economic sphere and the sphere of work. Under their influence, the content, structure and nature of social and labor relations changes: the flexibility of the labor market increases; there is a transformation of the sphere of employment, a change in its basic forms, types and content, new progressive technologies, primarily information and communication, are being intensively implemented; new models of working time organization are being formed at enterprises, institutions and organizations; the importance of the intellectual and creative component of work increases.
The conducted research convinces that the deployment of individualization processes in the social and labor sphere is an objective factor that, in order to achieve high standards of the quality of working life, must take into account not only the technological, economic, organizational, but also the social nature of work.
As a result of the study, it was concluded that the social and labor sphere, under the conditions of individualization of labor relations, faces problems and challenges that require updating and improving the legal framework for regulating the latest changes in the sphere of employment and working conditions, as well as finding mechanisms for ensuring social protection of workers employed in non-standard forms of work and whose work regimes are flexible.
Information on waste generated as a result of war: the issue of legal protection
Authors: Gafurova O.V. , Novak T.S. 
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of legal provision of access to information about waste generated as a result of war, the identification of problematic aspects in this area and the development of proposals for overcoming them.
The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop a legal field that would take into account a new phenomenon for Ukraine - the treatment of waste generated as a result of war and allow to ensure the implementation of the constitutional right of everyone to access information about such waste in the context of access to environmental information as effectively as possible.
The work analyzes the amendments to the legislation on environmental information. A conclusion was made about the expediency of the existing changes in terms of clarifying the meaningful content of the term «environmental information», including by supplementing it with «waste information» and its compliance with international acts. The updated legislation on waste management was studied. A conclusion was made about the beginning of the formation of special secondary legislation on the management of waste generated as a result of war.
It was determined that even under martial law, environmental information, including waste information, cannot be restricted. Access to it may be difficult for objective reasons (due to technical reasons, in temporarily occupied territories, etc.). Public access to environmental information is one of the factors in the effective development of reconstruction plans (especially at the local level), ensuring proper control over the implementation of measures, preserving people’s lives and health.
It is proposed to speed up the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the State System of Environmental Monitoring, Information on the State of the Environment (Environmental Information) and Information Support for Management in the Field of the Environment» without reference to the end of martial law as such, which will serve quality update of legislation on access to environmental information. The need to define and establish at the level of the Law of Ukraine «On Waste Management» the concept of «waste generated as a result of war», as well as the provision of this category in the National List of Waste, is substantiated. Inconsistency of the Regulation on data sets to be made public in the form of open data of the Law of Ukraine «On Waste Management» in the part of the list of such data on waste was established. The need to eliminate this shortcoming is argued.
Legal ideology as the ideological and theoretical basis of the activities of public organizations in Ukraine
Authors: Zhuravskyi R. 
Published: October 2023

The article outlines the conceptual features of legal ideology as an ideological and theoretical basis for the activity of public organizations in Ukraine. It has been proven that public organizations have a significant perspective to join the formation of legal ideology in Ukrainian society. After all, they, first of all, become guarantors of the inviolability, implementation and protection of personal rights of a person and a citizen; secondly, it is a means of self-organization of society members and realization of their interests; thirdly, they act as an effective institution of democratic control over the functioning of state power and the degree of state intervention in social relations; fourth, give citizens the opportunity to directly participate in the process of making important decisions for society. Therefore, public organizations act as a determining factor in the formation of legal ideology, and therefore a means of change in modern society, an effective tool for the realization and protection of common interests guaranteed and protected by the Constitution of Ukraine.
It is noted that in view of the challenges of globalization, public organizations must change the form and methods of work, which means their use of new civilizational approaches to the formation of legal ideology in society. In recent years, public organizations have managed to obtain new rights and forms for the formation of legal ideology in our country, namely the possibility of: legislative initiative, consulting and expert assistance, informational support for their own actions and the actions of power structures, social support and control.
The role of Kyrylo Trylovskyi in the organization of the activities of the «Norodna Volya» society in Halychyna
Authors: Korolova V.V. 
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the reasons and prerequisites for the creation of the «Narodna Volya» society, which carried out social and political enlightenment of all strata of Ukrainian society, defending their rights in state institutions. It is noted that the organizers of the association in Galicia were representatives of the Russian-Ukrainian radical party, which in its activities focused on protecting the rights of the Ukrainian population of the region and fighting for Galicians to have equal rights with representatives of other peoples of Austria-Hungary.
The Charter of «Narodna Volya» is characterized, in particular, the purpose of the company’s activities, ways of implementing the statutory tasks, as well as forms of interaction with the population of the region are indicated. The organizational and legal principles of the society’s functioning have been considered, in particular, every adult citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire of Ukrainian nationality can be a member of the society; new members are approved by the main branch of the society by a majority of votes; the authority is terminated at the member’s own
will, or by the decision of the Division; a person who is expelled has the right to renew his membership at the next general meeting.
The role of Kyrylo Trylovskyi in organizing the work of «Narodna Volya» was analyzed. It is emphasized that the lawyer, along with S. Danylovych, M. Pavlyk, I. Sanduliak and others, took a direct part in the development of the company’s Charter. It is indicated that during the first meeting of the society (July 30, 1893, Kolomyia) K. Trylovskyi was elected to the leadership of the people’s meeting. It is noted that on December 12, 1897, during regular meetings in the city of Kolomyia, the chairman of the society was appointed K. Trilovskyi, deputy P Lavruk, secretary P Terpelyuk, cashier L. Bachynskyi.
It is noted that Kyrylo Trilovskyi was always an active organizer of meetings and meetings, as well as a speaker who brought up for discussion the most important issues for the common people. The participation of K. Trylovskyi at various events of the society was analyzed and the resolutions aimed at improving various spheres of life of the population of Galicia were revealed.
It is indicated that the local administration very rarely gave permits for holding public events initiated by the «Narodna Volya» society. This was due to the fact that the issues discussed during the meetings of the society touched on the most urgent and important problems of the local population, thus encouraging the spread of national ideas and causing discontent among ordinary Galicians.
Mengukur Dampak Pengangguran, Tingkat Pendidikan, Upah Minimum, dan Pengeluaran Per Kapita terhadap Kemiskinan di Kota Makassar
Authors: Ningtias Eka Nurcitra Ayu , Anwar Andi Faisal 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to see whether there is an effect of unemployment, education level, minimum wage, and capita expenditure on poverty in Makassar City. This research is a type of quantitative research. The data used are secondary data with the type of annual time series data in the 2008-2018 (10 years) period obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 21, this model shows how much influence occurs between the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that the unemployment variable, the education level, the minimum wage, and the per capita expenditure have a positive and significant effect on poverty in Makassar City. The implication of this research requires efforts from various parties to improve the performance of education in increasing the standard of living of the community, especially for the poor. Especially the government must improve and optimize access to education for the vulnerable to the poor. In addition, a better minimum wage increase, and comprehensive collaboration among stakeholders for poverty alleviation.Keywords: Unemployment, Education Level, Minimum Wage, PovertyPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh pengangguran, tingkat pendidikan, upah minimum, dan pengeluaran per kapita terhadap kemiskinan di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Adapun data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dengan jenis data deret waktu tahunan dalam periode 2008-2018 (10 tahun) yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 21, dari model ini menunjukkan berapa besar pengaruh yang terjadi antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengangguran, tingkat pendidikan, upah minimum, dan pengeluaran per kapita berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Kota Makassar. Implikasi dari penelitian ini yakni diperlukan upaya dari berbagai pihak untuk meningkatkan performa pendidikan dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat, terutama bagi golongan miskin. Terkhusus pemerintah harus meningkatkan dan mengoptimalkan akses pendidkan sampai ke kaum rentan miskin. Selain itu peningkatan upah minimum yang lebih baik, dan kolaborasi yang menyeluruh antar stakeholder untuk pengentasan kemiskinan.Kata kunci: Pengangguran, Tingkat Pendidikan, Upah Minimum, Kemiskinan