bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PST-Radiomics: a PET/CT lymphoma classification method based on pseudo spatial-temporal radiomic features and structured atrous recurrent convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Meng , Jiang Huiyan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Existing radiomic methods tend to treat each isolated tumor as an inseparable whole, when extracting radiomic features. However, they may discard the critical intra-tumor metabolic heterogeneity (ITMH) information, that contributes to triggering tumor subtypes. To improve lymphoma classification performance, we propose a pseudo spatial-temporal radiomic method (PST-Radiomics) based on positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT). Approach. Specifically, to enable exploitation of ITMH, we first present a multi-threshold gross tumor volume sequence (GTVS). Next, we extract 1D radiomic features based on PET images and each volume in GTVS and create a pseudo spatial-temporal feature sequence (PSTFS) tightly interwoven with ITMH. Then, we reshape PSTFS to create 2D pseudo spatial-temporal feature maps (PSTFM), of which the columns are elements of PSTFS. Finally, to learn from PSTFM in an end-to-end manner, we build a light-weighted pseudo spatial-temporal radiomic network (PSTR-Net), in which a structured atrous recurrent convolutional neural network serves as a PET branch to better exploit the strong local dependencies in PSTFM, and a residual convolutional neural network is used as a CT branch to exploit conventional radiomic features extracted from CT volumes. Main results. We validate PST-Radiomics based on a PET/CT lymphoma subtype classification task. Experimental results quantitatively demonstrate the superiority of PST-Radiomics, when compared to existing radiomic methods. Significance. Feature map visualization of our method shows that it performs complex feature selection while extracting hierarchical feature maps, which qualitatively demonstrates its superiority.
Assessing variation in faecal glucocorticoid concentrations in gray whales exposed to anthropogenic stressors
Authors: Pirotta Enrico , Fernandez Ajó Alejandro , Bierlich K C , Bird Clara N , Buck C Loren , Haver Samara M , Haxel Joseph H , Hildebrand Lisa , Hunt Kathleen E , Lemos Leila S , New Leslie , Torres Leigh G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding how individual animals respond to stressors behaviourally and physiologically is a critical step towards quantifying long-term population consequences and informing management efforts. Glucocorticoid (GC) metabolite accumulation in various matrices provides an integrated measure of adrenal activation in baleen whales and could thus be used to investigate physiological changes following exposure to stressors. In this study, we measured GC concentrations in faecal samples of Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) collected over seven consecutive years to assess the association between GC content and metrics of exposure to sound levels and vessel traffic at different temporal scales, while controlling for contextual variables such as sex, reproductive status, age, body condition, year, time of year and location. We develop a Bayesian Generalized Additive Modelling approach that accommodates the many complexities of these data, including non-linear variation in hormone concentrations, missing covariate values, repeated samples, sampling variability and some hormone concentrations below the limit of detection. Estimated relationships showed large variability, but emerging patterns indicate a strong context-dependency of physiological variation, depending on sex, body condition and proximity to a port. Our results highlight the need to control for baseline hormone variation related to context, which otherwise can obscure the functional relationship between faecal GCs and stressor exposure. Therefore, extensive data collection to determine sources of baseline variation in well-studied populations, such as PCFG gray whales, could shed light on cetacean stress physiology and be used to extend applicability to less-well-studied taxa. GC analyses may offer greatest utility when employed as part of a suite of markers that, in aggregate, provide a multivariate measure of physiological status, better informing estimates of individuals’ health and ultimately the consequences of anthropogenic stressors on populations.
Discovery of potential plasma protein biomarkers for ventricular fibrillation due to first ST-elevation myocardial infarction via proteomics
Authors: Stampe N K , Ottenheijm M E , Drici L , Wewer Albrechtsen N J , Nielsen A B , Christoffersen C , Warming P E , Engstroem T , Winkel B G , Jabbari R , Tfelt-Hansen J , Glinge C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Although most sudden cardiac deaths are a consequence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) subsequent to myocardial infarction, the underlying biological mechanisms of VF in the setting of ischemia are largely unknown. We used an unbiased mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approach to improve our understanding of the molecular VF mechanisms.

Purpose
We aimed to identify and characterize proteins that are associated with VF during first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods
We included 230 participants from a Danish ongoing case-control study on patients with first STEMI with VF (case, n=110) and without VF (control, n=120) before guided catheter insertion for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Using MS-based proteomics on plasma samples collected within 24h of symptom onset, we investigated the plasma proteome. After quality control, one patient was excluded and the difference in the quantitative proteome composition between cases and controls were analysed using t-tests, and further corrected for multiple comparison using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (q-value). Cardiac enzymes and anterior infarct location were used in a subset as a proxy for large myocardial damage.

Results
In 229 STEMI patients (72% men, median age 62 years (interquartile range (IQR): 54-70)), a total of 401 unique proteins were identified with a median of 257 proteins (IQR: 244-281) quantified per patient. A total of 26 proteins were associated with VF, these proteins were involved in several biological processes. The most frequent processes were blood coagulation, hemostasis and immunity. After correcting for multiple testing, two up-regulated proteins remained significantly associated with VF, actin beta-like 2 (ACTBL2, FC 2.25, p&lt;0.001, q=0.023) and coagulation factor XIII-A (F13A1, FC 1.48, p&lt;0.001, q=0.023). The most up-regulated protein was ACTBL2, and the second most up-regulated protein was actin alpha 2 (ACTA2, FC 1.72, p=0.001, q=0.073). None of the three proteins were correlated with cardiac enzymes or anterior infarct location.

Conclusion
VF due to first STEMI was significantly associated with two up-regulated proteins (ACTBL2 and F13A1). None of these proteins were correlated with infarct size which could reflect novel underlying molecular VF mechanisms.
Prevalence of subclinical coronary artery atherosclerosis in the general population- apollo subclinical coronary atherosclerosis project (ASCAP)
Authors: Narra L , Oomman A , Showkathali R , Mao R , Immaneni S , Gunasekaran S , Yalamanchi R , Reddy Y V C , Dondapati S , Subban V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in our country. CAD affects Indian population at least a decade earlier than the people of European ancestry, often impacting the most productive years of an individual’s life. CAD is often silent or may strike without warning, underscoring the importance of prevention. We used computerized tomography (CT) coronary angiography (CT-CAG) to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of CAD and its association with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores in general population.

Purpose
Detection of coronary atherosclerosis using CT-CAG, in addition to CAC score, may help in early preventive strategies. In doing so, we can identify population at risk at an early stage and manage them accordingly either by lifestyle modifications, medications or if needed further intervention.

Methods
This study included 451 individuals aged 40 years and above with no known CAD (no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CT-CAG. Non-contrast images were used for calculating CAC score. CT-CAG was reported per segment, defined as- no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis (insignificant atherosclerosis), or ≥50% stenosis (significant atherosclerosis).

Results
Out of the 451 individuals, 72% were men and 27.9% were women. Any CT-CAG detected atherosclerosis was found in 60%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 27.7%; no stenosis in 39.9% and any noncalcified plaque &lt;50% in 32.3% of this population. (Table 1) Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Prevalence of CT-CAG detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score &gt;400, all the individuals had atherosclerosis and 95.8% had significant stenosis. In those with zero CAC score, 59.4% had no atherosclerosis and 7.5% had significant stenosis. (Table 2)

Conclusion
Using CT-CAG in a large sample of the general population without CAD, has shown that silent coronary atherosclerosis is more common than expected. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and zero CAC score does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
Effects of once-weekly semaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and polyvascular disease: a post hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN 6 trial
Authors: Kobo O , Cavender M A , Hinsch Gylvin S , Kuhlman A B , Rasmussen S , Verma S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The presence of polyvascular disease (defined as atherosclerosis involving ≥2 distinct vascular territories) is a strong, independent predictor of subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the SUSTAIN 6 trial, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist once-weekly (OW) subcutaneous semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite of death from CV causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke) in patients with T2D at high CV risk.

Purpose
This analysis of SUSTAIN 6 assessed the effect of OW semaglutide on MACE in patients with T2D, stratified by the number of atherosclerotic vascular territories at baseline.

Methods
Patients in SUSTAIN 6 were randomised to receive 0.5 or 1.0 mg OW subcutaneous semaglutide or placebo. The median follow-up was 2.1 years. In this post hoc analysis, the SUSTAIN 6 population was stratified according to documented atherosclerosis: polyvascular disease (≥2 vascular territories), single vascular disease (1 vascular territory) or no atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Time to first MACE was analysed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model, with pooled treatment by vascular risk group as fixed factors.

Results
In SUSTAIN 6, 640 patients (19.4%) had polyvascular disease, 1821 patients (55.2%) had vascular disease in one arterial bed and 836 patients (25.4%) had no ASCVD at baseline. Demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline are presented in the Table. In the total population, the presence of polyvascular disease and single vascular disease was associated with a greater risk of MACE, compared with no ASCVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.25 [95% confidence interval – CI: 1.47;3.52] and HR: 1.64 [95% CI: 1.11;2.48], respectively). In the SUSTAIN 6 trial, OW semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of MACE vs placebo (HR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.58;0.95]). In this analysis, the risk of MACE was consistently lower with OW semaglutide vs placebo across those with polyvascular disease, single vascular disease and no ASCVD (pinteraction=0.98) (Figure). The absolute risk reductions for OW semaglutide vs placebo at 2 years were 3.37% [95% CI: –1.28;8.02] (number needed to treat [NNT] 30) in patients with polyvascular disease, 2.02% [95% CI: –0.30;4.34] (NNT 50) in patients with single vascular disease and 0.78% [95% CI: –1.96;3.52] (NNT 128) in patients with no ASCVD.

Conclusion
Patients with polyvascular disease in the SUSTAIN 6 trial population are at over two times greater risk of MACE than those without ASCVD. The MACE risk reduction with OW semaglutide vs placebo is consistent across people with T2D and polyvascular disease, single vascular disease or no ASCVD. However, patients with T2D and polyvascular disease may derive greater absolute benefit from semaglutide treatment owing to their higher risk.
Can Insurgents Capture Aid through Credit Claiming? Evidence from Afghanistan
Authors: Breslawski Jori 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The provision of development aid has become a favored counterinsurgency strategy, with governments reasoning that the delivery of needed services will improve civilians’ perceptions of the government, and consequently decrease civilian collaboration with insurgents. However, this reasoning relies on the critical assumption that civilians attribute projects to the government, and not to the very insurgents that the government seeks to defeat. In information poor environments like civil wars, it may be relatively easy for armed groups to capture the reputational benefits of aid by engaging in credit claiming. Drawing upon on a survey experiment in Afghanistan, I find that civilians who are told that the Taliban allowed a project in their village to occur are more likely to identify the Taliban as a facilitator of development projects, in spite of their own, real-life, experiences. While the effect size is modest, the finding points to the ability of armed groups to capture the reputational benefits of aid through purely rhetorical strategies, with implications for the viability of development aid as a counterinsurgency strategy.
An error of punishment defences in the context of schooling
Authors: McKee DaN 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whenever justification of classroom punishment has been attempted it has usually been on grounds that punishment acts either appropriately pedagogically, teaching students how to behave morally, or is a necessary evil that enables the practical running of the school so that it may carry out its educational business. By itself the first justification leaves punishment in schools as only an extension of wider social attitudes about the virtue of punishing perceived moral wrongdoing, rather than providing any distinct argument for punishment specific to the special circumstances of the school. By highlighting an entanglement between the moral and the conventional, and between discipline and punishment, within the context of the school, I shall argue that the essentially contested nature of education and its purpose, and the related question of the school’s suitability as a venue for it, means that the school’s most promising defence of its use of punishment—that punishment of students might somehow be necessary for enabling the important educative business of the school—becomes undone. Schooling and education are not necessarily synonymous, and as schools provide only one vision of education—and this vision is contestable—then upholding the business of any one school in order for it to achieve its particular unsettled and disputed purpose is not a morally sufficient reason to coerce a student’s compliance through regimes of ‘harm intended as harm’.
Adhesive capsulitis following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed , Alsalman Mohammed , Alsebayel Firas M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) has been frequently reported adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination. Multiple studies have reported various injuries including subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff tears, nerve injury, and most commonly, adhesive capsulitis. Adhesive capsulitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of the joint capsule characterized by pain and stiffness. Herein, we present a case of a 38-year-old female, known to have uncontrolled diabetes mellites and asthma, presented to upper extremity orthopedic clinic complaining of 6 months history of left shoulder pain and limited range of motion following COVID-19 vaccination administration. Clinical examination and radiological studies were consistent with adhesive capsulitis, the patient was then referred for intensive rehabilitation program that provided adequate response. In conclusion, the main etiology of SIRVA has been attributed to suboptimal injection technique, a standardized definition, implementation of safe vaccines injection protocols, and further education and awareness of SIRVA is needed to healthcare practitioners to allow better understanding and prevention.
Winners and losers from occupational segregation across Europe: the role of gender and migration status
Authors: Palencia-Esteban Amaia , del Río Coral 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using measures rooted in welfare economics, this article quantifies the economic consequences arising from occupational segregation by gender and migration status in twelve European countries. We also identify the most inclusive European labor markets by building counterfactual distributions. In particular, we remove cross-country differences in immigrants’ origin, years of residence, and education, thus determining the contribution that these variables make to the geographical disparities. Our results reveal that the economic consequences of segregation are negative for most foreign workers, especially for immigrant women in Italy, Spain, Germany, and Slovenia. Portugal emerges as a reference point because immigrant workers have a better position compared to other countries, which does not seem to arise from their basic individual characteristics. Our analysis highlights the importance of policy actions aimed at improving the occupational sorting of immigrant workers, such as investing in skills development, avoiding occupational downgrading, and incorporating a gender perspective.
Standardizing Evidence-Based Practice Review Processes Across the Defense Health Agency Enterprise
Authors: Newnam Rachel , Migliore Laurie , Ransom Jeffrey C 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The Defense Health Agency (DHA) Campaign Plan identifies Ready Reliable Care (RRC) as one of the eight strategic initiatives. A critical aspect of RRC is standardizing evidence-based practice (EBP) across Military Health System to include training, technology, equipment, and processes. The TriService Nursing Research Program hosted an EBP Summit to address this expectation.

Methods
The EBP Summit evaluated capabilities and gaps critical for implementing EBP into the DHA. This article summarizes the capabilities and gaps associated with administrative processes and infrastructure standardization, specifically EBP review and approval support processes, as well as utilization of the electronic Institution Review Board (eIRB) software platform.

Results
The environmental scan across services revealed consistency in procuring Exempt Determination Official reviews and garnering formal determination letters before the start of EBP initiatives. The Army and Navy Nursing Centers for Clinical Inquiry report variability in the utilization of eIRB, although the Air Force centers consistently utilize eIRB to submit proposed EBP. However, there is variability across all services in how the proposal is categorized (EBP, process improvement, and quality assurance) and in the availability of mentoring support for the submission.

Conclusion
Strategic recommendations to address the identified gaps are establishing a TriService Clinical Inquiry Working Group for process and product standardization, identifying EBP champions for each DHA market to educate and facilitate EBP review and submission processes, and establishing EBP review forums led by EBP subject matter experts. The authors suggest funding for program development and evaluation.
Clinical Inquiry in Nursing Readiness Fellowship: Increasing Air Force Nurse Corps Evidence-Based Practice Leadership Infrastructure
Authors: Migliore Laurie , Jumpp Savannah , Fox Amanda , Huffman Sarah , Holko Holly , Wiese Carla , Grant Dawn , Bedford Theresa , Hicks Enesha , Killian Jacqueline 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Increasing demands to generate, translate, and implement evidence into practice in manpower and budget-constrained environments triggered innovative support for the nursing scientific community. The Clinical Inquiry in Nursing Readiness (CINR) fellowship is a solution to integrate readiness into clinical inquiry priorities and develop future experts in the field.

Methods
This article describes the fellowship program structure, implementation, and contributions to nursing science, readiness, and professional development. We share specific recommendations based on our experiences to enhance and sustain this valuable fellowship program.

Results
Six fellows have completed the CINR fellowship since its launch in July 2019. Fellows garnered $40,000 in grant funds for five evidence-based practices, two research studies, and six clinical inquiry initiatives. So far, the fellows have produced 20 knowledge products: Three published manuscripts, three evidence-based resource toolkits, nine professional conference presentations (one international), five professional certifications, a variety of organization-wide leadership briefings, and two military decorations specific to the pandemic response.

Conclusions
Establishing a fellowship program to develop a pipeline of readiness-focused nurse scientists and evidence-based practice experts builds future capacity for the enterprise while professionally developing individual nurses for advanced degrees and clinical inquiry leadership roles. Individuals and organizations aspiring to promote a culture of nursing inquiry may benefit from fellowships such as the CINR program.