bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer among Hispanic women in South Florida: An 18‐year assessment
Authors: Wilkinson James D. , Wohler‐Torres Bradley , Trapido Edward , Fleming Lora E. , MacKinnon Jill , Peace Steven 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Hispanic population now represents the majority of residents in Miami‐Dade County, Florida. The authors present cancer incidence and mortality data for South Florida's Hispanic women for the period 1990–1998 and compare these data to previously reported data from 1981–1989. Cancer incidence, risk, and mortality data should reflect current population distribution, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors so that cancer prevention and control activities are informed optimally.METHODSThe study population consisted of all women with malignant disease during 1981–1998 from Miami‐Dade County found in the Florida Cancer Data System data base; patients were divided into 2 9‐year periods for analysis. Age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates were computed for common disease sites; rates for Hispanic women were compared with the rates for non‐Hispanic white (NHW) women as standardized rate ratios (SRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Incidence and mortality trends were analyzed using linear regression.RESULTSOver 70,000 cancer incidents were analyzed. The overall decreased cancer risk for Hispanic women (SRR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.64–0.67), compared with NHW women, remained essentially constant over the two study periods. Cancer incidence increased similarly for the two racial‐ethnic groups. The incidence of lung carcinoma increased in both groups, becoming the second most common disease site for NHW women and the third most common disease site for Hispanic women.CONCLUSIONSThe decreased relative cancer risk for Hispanic women in South Florida has remained stable over the past 18 years. Lung carcinoma is increasing among women in both racial‐ethnic groups. Cancer 2002;95:1752–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10834
A lymph node metastatic mouse model reveals alterations of metastasis‐related gene expression in metastatic human oral carcinoma sublines selected from a poorly metastatic parental cell line
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Yanna , Gilcrease Michael Z. , Yuan Xiao H. , Clayman Gary L. , Adler‐Storthz Karen , Chen Zhuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDGreater than 40% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity have lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis and a 5‐year survival rate of less than 50%. Changes in gene expression that regulate metastasis of SCC to lymph nodes have not been identified.METHODSTo study metastasis of oral SCC, highly metastatic oral SCC cell lines from a poorly metastatic oral SCC cell line were established by in vivo selection using a lymph node metastatic mouse model. The metastatic potential of the cells was studied using Matrigel invasion and cell surface protein adhesion assays. mRNA and protein encoded from metastasis‐related genes in the metastatic derivatives and in their parental cells were examined using Northern blot analysis, immunoblotting, rapid analysis of gene expression, and a cDNA microarray technique.RESULTSThe in vivo selected metastatic cells showed much higher Matrigel invasion capability than the parental cells. They also showed alterations in their adhesion properties to three cell surface proteins. Comparison of metastatic and nonmetastatic cells revealed several significant alterations in the expression of metastasis‐related genes, including up‐regulation of the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor, integrin β1, membrane type 1‐matrix metalloproteinase, and down‐regulation of protease‐activated receptor‐1.CONCLUSONSTo the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to report on gene expression analysis using a lymph node metastatic mouse model of human oral SCC. The data suggest that certain alterations of metastasis‐related gene expression favor invasion of oral SCC and that cell surface proteins may play major roles in the metastasis of oral SCC to the lymph nodes. Cancer 2002;95:1663–72. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10837
Evaluation of HER‐2/neu expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sanchez Katya M. , Sweeney Christopher J. , Mass Robert , Koch Michael O. , Eckert George J. , Geary William A. , Baldridge Lee Ann , Zhang Shaobo , Eble John N. , Cheng Liang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome evidence suggests a role for HER‐2/neu overexpression in prostate carcinoma progression. Reported rates of HER‐2/neu overexpression in patients with prostate carcinoma vary greatly.METHODSThe authors studied radical prostatectomy specimens from 38 patients who had biochemical failure after undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry for HER‐2/neu overexpression using the HercepTest kit (Dako Corporation, Carpenteria, CA) was employed. Two different antigen‐retrieval techniques were used: 1) the standard U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved HercepTest assay and 2) a modified HercepTest, which employed an alkaline citrate buffer, pH 9.0, for antigen retrieval and a 1‐hour primary antibody incubation time. The level of HER‐2/neu expression was evaluated on a scale from 0 (no staining) to 3+ according to the published guidelines. Fluorescent in situ hybridization for gene amplification was performed on all specimens.RESULTSWith the standard technique, only one specimen had 2+ staining, and no specimens had 3+ staining. With the modified technique, 10 specimens (26%) had 2+ staining, and 9 specimens (24%) had 3+ staining. There was a significant association between the level of HER‐2/neu expression shown with the modified technique and tumor stage (P = 0.03) as well as Gleason grade (P = 0.01). None of the specimens had HER‐2/neu gene amplification.CONCLUSIONSThe authors report a simple modification of the HercepTest that resulted in an increased rate of HER‐2/neu expression, which was correlated with poor‐risk pathologic findings. The findings suggest that adenocarcinoma of the prostate should be evaluated for HER‐2/neu expression with a prostate specific immunohistochemical procedure that differs from the FDA‐approved standard procedure. Cancer 2002;95:1650–5. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10839
Peripheral glucose administration stimulates the translocation of GLUT8 glucose transporter to the endoplasmic reticulum in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Piroli Gerardo G. , Grillo Claudia A. , Hoskin Elena K. , Znamensky Vladimir , Katz Ellen B. , Milner Teresa A. , McEwen Bruce S. , Charron Maureen J. , Reagan Lawrence P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe expression and localization of glucose transporter isoforms play essential roles in the glucoregulatory activities of the hippocampus and ultimately contribute to cognitive status in physiological and pathophysiological settings. The recently identified glucose transporter GLUT8 is uniquely expressed in neuronal cell bodies in the rat hippocampus and therefore may contribute to hippocampal glucoregulatory activities. We show here that GLUT8 has a novel intracellular distribution in hippocampal neurons and is translocated to intracellular membranes following glucose challenge. Immunoblot analysis revealed that GLUT8 is expressed in high‐density microsomes (HDM), suggesting that GLUT8 is associated with intracellular organelles under basal conditions. Immunogold electron microscopic analysis confirmed this observation, in that GLUT8 immunogold particles were associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytoplasm. Peripheral glucose administration produced a rapid twofold increase in GLUT8 levels in the HDM fraction while decreasing GLUT8 levels in low‐density microsomes. Similarly, peripheral glucose administration significantly increased GLUT8 association with the rough ER in the hippocampus. Conversely, under hyperglycemic/insulinopenic conditions, namely, in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes, hippocampal GLUT8 protein levels were decreased in the HDM fraction. These results demonstrate that GLUT8 undergoes rapid translocation to the rough ER in the rat hippocampus following peripheral glucose administration, trafficking that is impaired in STZ diabetes, suggesting that insulin serves as a stimulus for GLUT8 translocation in hippocampal neurons. Because glucose is liberated from oligosaccharides during N‐linked glycosylation events in the rough ER, we propose that GLUT8 may serve to transport glucose out of the rough ER into the cytosol and in this manner contribute to glucose homeostasis in hippocampal neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:103–114, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoreactivity against choline acetyltransferase, γ‐aminobutyric acid, histamine, octopamine, and serotonin in the larval chemosensory system of Dosophila melanogaster
Authors: Python François , Stocker Reinhard F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have studied the distribution of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), histamine, octopamine and serotonin in the larval chemosensory system of Drosophila melanogaster. Colocalization at the confocal level with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or Tau‐GFP reporters, expressed in selected P[GAL4] enhancer trap lines, was used to identify the cells making up these neurotransmitters. As in the adult fly, larval olfactory afferents project into the (larval) antennal lobe (LAL), where they synapse onto local interneurons and projection neurons, whereas gustatory afferents terminate essentially in the tritocerebral‐subesophageal (TR‐SOG) region. We demonstrate that the neuropils of the LAL and the TR‐SOG are immunoreactive to ChAT and GABA. In addition, serotonin‐ and octopamine‐immunoreactive fibers are present in the LAL. ChAT immunostaining is localized in subsets of olfactory and gustatory afferents and in many of the projection neurons. In contrast, GABA is expressed in most, and perhaps all, of the local interneurons. Serotonin immunoreactivity in the LAL derives from a single neuron that is situated close to the LAL and projects to additional neuropil regions. Taken together, these findings resemble the situation in the adult fly. Hence, given the highly reduced numbers of odorant receptor neurons in the larva, as shown in a previous study (Python and Stocker [2002] J. Comp. Neurol. 445:374–387), the larval system may become an attractive model system for studying the roles of neurotransmitters in olfactory processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:157–167, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the spinal cord of turtles
Authors: Fernández Anabel , Radmilovich Milka , Trujillo‐Cenóz Omar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 5‐bromo‐3′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse administered to juvenile turtles resulted in cell labeling throughout the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the spinal cord. One and twenty‐four hours postinjection, larger densities of BrdU‐labeled nuclei (LN) occurred within the GM, with a density peak localized in the central region (CR). Seven days later, density differences between GM and WM disappeared, accompanying a more uniform distribution of LN in the GM (absence of the central peak). Multiple injection experiments also showed similar evolution in the distribution of LN. Morphometric studies revealed that the size of LN had undergone time‐related increments: Larger nuclei appeared at protracted fixation time points. Double‐labeling experiments indicated that BrdU‐labeled cells expressed neuroactive substances, such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), neuron‐specific nuclear protein (NeuN), and the cytoplasmic early postmitotic neuronal marker (TUC‐4). Other BrdU‐labeled cells expressed the glial‐specific protein (GFAP). GABA‐BrdU, TUC‐4‐BrdU, and GFAP‐BrdU double‐labeled cells were recognized 6 days after the first BrdU injection. NeuN‐BrdU double‐labeled cells were found at 50 days postinjection. Three‐dimensional transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of synapses and typical kinocilia in putative immature nerve cells. Kinocilia were also found in putative immature glial cells. In consideration of the scattered distribution pattern of BrdU‐labeled cells, in animals fixed 1 hour postinjection, the existence of a single proliferating center was discarded. The CR, including the ependymal epithelium, showed the highest density of LN. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:131–144, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early development of the hypothalamus of a wallaby (Macropus eugenii)
Authors: Cheng Gang , Marotte Lauren R. , Mai Jürgen K. , Ashwell Ken W.S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have studied the development of the hypothalamus of an Australian marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), to provide an initial anatomic framework for future research on the developing hypothalamus of diprotodontid metatheria. Cytoarchitectural (hematoxylin and eosin), immunohistochemical (CD15 and growth associated protein, GAP‐43), tritiated thymidine autoradiography, and carbocyanine dye tracing techniques were applied. Until 12 days after birth (P12), the developing hypothalamus consisted of mainly a ventricular germinal zone with a thin marginal layer, but by P25, most hypothalamic nuclei were well differentiated, indicating that the bulk of hypothalamic cytoarchitectural development occurs between P12 and P25. Strong CD15 immunoreactivity was found in radial glial fibers in the rostral hypothalamus during early developmental ages, separating individual hypothalamic compartments. Immunoreactivity for GAP‐43 was used to reveal developing fiber bundles. The medial forebrain bundle was apparent by P0, and the fornix appeared at P12. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography revealed lateral‐to‐medial and dorsal‐to‐ventral neurogenetic gradients similar to those seen in rodents. Dye tracing showed that projections to the posterior pituitary arose from the supraoptic nucleus at P5 and from the paraventricular nucleus at P10. Projections to the medulla were first found from the lateral hypothalamic area at P0 and paraventricular nucleus at P10. In conclusion, the pattern of development of the wallaby hypothalamus is broadly similar to that found in eutheria, with comparable neurogenetic compartments to those identified in rodents. Because most hypothalamic maturation takes place after birth, wallabies provide a useful model for experimentally manipulating the developing mammalian hypothalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:199–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular localization of cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 in the normal mouse, rat, and human retina
Authors: Ju Won‐Kyu , Neufeld Arthur H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProstaglandins, synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX), regulate diverse neurophysiological actions such as regulation of autonomic responses, transmission of pain, generation of fever, control of sleep‐wake cycle, synaptic signaling, and cross‐talk between neurons and glia in the central nervous system. Although prostaglandins have been widely studied in the anterior segment tissues of the eye, relatively little is known about prostaglandins in the neural retina. By using immunohistochemistry, we have compared the cellular expression and localization of COX‐1 and COX‐2 in the normal mouse, rat, and human retina. In the normal mouse retina, COX‐1 immunoreactivity is present in the outer segments of photoreceptor cells, horizontal cells, microglia, retinal ganglion cells, and displaced amacrine cells. In the normal rat retina, COX‐1 immunoreactivity is present in microglia, retinal ganglion cells, and displaced amacrine cells. In the normal human retina, COX‐1 immunoreactivity is present in microglia, astrocytes, retinal ganglion cells, and displaced amacrine cells. In the normal mouse and rat retina, COX‐2 immunoreactivity is present in processes of the outer plexiform layer and in certain amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells. In the normal human retina, COX‐2 immunoreactivity is only present in processes of the outer plexiform layer. These results suggest that prostaglandins, synthesized by COX‐1 or COX‐2, may contribute to normal physiological and homeostatic functions in the retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:392–399, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrahippocampal connections in the pigeon (Columba livia) as revealed by stimulation evoked field potentials
Authors: Hough Gerald E. , Pang Kevin C.H. , Bingman Verner P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe hippocampal formation (HF) of mammals and birds is crucial for spatial learning and memory. However, although the underlying synaptic organization and connectivity of the mammalian HF are well characterized, comparatively little is known about the avian HF. Localized regions of the homing pigeon HF were stimulated at 400–600 μA while evoked field potentials (EFPs) were recorded from adjacent and more distant HF areas relative to the stimulation site. The shortest discernible EFP latency was 12.2 msec. The emerging connectivity profile (using the location of peak EFP amplitude after stimulation and making no determination of the number of intervening synapses) was characterized by projections from the dorsolateral (DL) HF to the dorsomedial (DM) HF (15‐msec latency) at the same anterior/posterior (A/P) level, DM to ventrolateral (VL) and ventromedial (VM; 15 msec) HF across A/P levels, VM to VL (12 msec) and contralateral VM (15 msec) at the same A/P level, and VL to ventral DL (DLv; 15 msec) across A/P levels posterior to the stimulation site. Using these data as a first approximation, connectivity through the avian HF appears to be characterized by a discernible feed‐forward network starting with a projection from DL to DM, DM to VL, VM, and contralateral VM, VM to VL, and VL to posterior ventral DLv. Although still speculative, the results suggest that the internal connectivity of the avian HF is similar to that of the mammalian HF, despite the large evolutionary divergence between the two taxa. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:297–309, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organizational sticking points on NK Landscapes
Authors: Rivkin Jan W. , Siggelkow Nicolaj 
Published: October 2002

AbstractScholars studying human organizations have recently adopted the notion of fitness landscapes, a concept pioneered in the biological and physical sciences. Such scholars have generally assumed that organizations will migrate toward the local peaks of these landscapes, as biological and physical entities do. We use an agent‐based simulation to show, to the contrary, that a hierarchical human organization may very well come to rest at a “sticking point” that is not a local peak on the fitness landscape of the overall organization. Three pervasive features of human organizations create the distinction between sticking points and local peaks: the delegation of choices to separate decision makers, interdependencies between the domains of those decision makers, and differences between local incentives and global incentives. Our results illustrate both that it is valuable to use tools developed to study one type of complex adaptive system in order to examine another type and that researchers must adapt the tools with care as they attempt to do so. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acinic‐cell carcinoma, papillary‐cystic variant: A diagnostic dilemma in salivary gland aspiration
Authors: Ali Syed Z. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) plays a pivotal role as the initial diagnostic modality of choice when dealing with salivary gland (SG) lesions. Due to the heterogeneous nature of most SG neoplasms, cytologic interpretation on FNA can be quite challenging. This is particularly valid when dealing with rare tumor types, such as the papillary‐cystic variant of acinic‐cell carcinoma (ACC‐PCV), resulting in a high rate of false‐negative cytologic diagnoses. Seven cases of ACC‐PCV diagnosed on tissue resection with a prior FNA performed in cytology were studied. Material consisted of Diff‐Quik and Papanicolaou stained cytologic smears, as well as hematoxylin‐eosin stained cell block and histopathologic sections. In no case did the FNA performed prior to the surgical resection eventuate in a cytopathologic diagnosis of cancer. A retrospective morphologic review of the smears disclosed several characteristics common to all 7 cases, i.e., mostly tightly cohesive fragments of neoplastic epithelium seen as monolayered sheets or with a prominent papillary architecture, high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio ductal‐type epithelium, cystic material and degenerated cellular debris, histiocytes, cells with squamoid and metaplastic oncocytic changes, vacuolated and pigmented histiocyte‐like tumor cells, and lack of a predominant single‐cell component or naked neoplastic cell nuclei. ACC‐PCV represents a rare yet significant cause of false‐negative results for cancer on SG aspirations. An erroneous interpretation may occur due to lack of experience in dealing with this tumor type, the rarity of published literature on ACC‐PCV, and a predominantly cystic, somewhat variegated appearance of the tumor mimicking other benign and malignant SG lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:244–250. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: A report of five cases
Authors: Bayramoglu Hatice , Zekioglu Osman , Erhan Yildiz , Çiriş Metin , Özdemir Necmettin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInvasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon variant of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Observing its distinctive cytologic appearance and aggressive behavior is important for early diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). There are only a few reported cases in the literature.Five women presented with breast masses. FNAC showed malignant epithelial tumors, and mastectomy materials showed invasive micropapillary carcinoma for all of them. Three patients had axillary lymph node metastases.Invasive micropapillary carcinoma, with its angulated papillary clusters lacking a fibrovascular core, and irregular crowded nuclei, has a distinctive cytologic appearance which correlates with its histological features. A differential diagnosis from other primary or metastatic papillary lesions of the breast may be possible using immunohistochemistry and some cytologic features. The limited experience with invasive micropapillary carcinoma should not discourage others from undetaking further studies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:214–217. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.