bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extremal surfaces in glue-on AdS/$$ T\overline{T} $$ holography
Authors: Apolo Luis , Hao Peng-Xiang , Lai Wen-Xin , Song Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
$$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed CFTs with positive deformation parameter have been proposed to be holographically dual to Einstein gravity in a glue-on AdS3 spacetime [1]. The latter is constructed from AdS3 by gluing a patch of an auxiliary $$ {\textrm{AdS}}_3^{\ast } $$

AdS
3
∗

spacetime to its asymptotic boundary. In this work, we propose a glue-on version of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, which is given by the signed area of an extremal surface. The extremal surface is anchored at the endpoints of an interval on a cutoff surface in the glue-on geometry. It consists of an RT surface lying in the AdS3 part of the spacetime and its extension to the $$ {\textrm{AdS}}_3^{\ast } $$

AdS
3
∗

region. The signed area is the length of the RT surface minus the length of the segments in $$ {\textrm{AdS}}_3^{\ast } $$

AdS
3
∗

. We find that the Ryu-Takayanagi formula with the signed area reproduces the entanglement entropy of a half interval for $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed CFTs on the sphere. We then study the properties of extremal surfaces on various glue-on geometries, including Poincaré AdS3, global AdS3, and the BTZ black hole. When anchored on multiple intervals at the boundary, the signed area of the minimal surfaces undergoes phase transitions with novel properties. In all of these examples, we find that the glue-on extremal surfaces exhibit a minimum length related to the deformation parameter of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed CFTs.
B-RNS-GSS type II superstring in Ramond-Ramond backgrounds
Authors: Chandia Osvaldo , Gomide João 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The B-RNS-GSS formalism containing both RNS and GS worldsheet variables is extended for the description of the Type II superstring in curved backgrounds. The BRST charge of the theory is expressed in terms of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) superconformal generators $$ \left(T,G;\hat{T},\hat{G}\right) $$

T
G

T
̂

G
̂

, and the classical anticommutation relations {G, G} = −2T and $$ \left\{\hat{G},\hat{G}\right\}=-2\hat{T} $$

G
̂

G
̂

=
−
2

T
̂

are shown to imply the Type II supergravity equations of motion. The particular case of the Type IIB superstring in an AdS5 × S5 background is discussed and shown to be classically integrable.
Inhibition of autocrine HGF maturation overcomes cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jones Vivian Truong , Graves-Deal Ramona , Cao Zheng , Bogatcheva Galina , Ramirez Marisol A. , Harmych Sarah J. , Higginbotham James N. , Sharma Vineeta , Damalanka Vishnu C. , Wahoski Claudia C. , Joshi Neeraj , Irudayam Maria Johnson , Roland Joseph T. , Ayers Gregory D. , Liu Qi , Coffey Robert J. , Janetka James W. , Singh Bhuminder 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough amplifications and mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) act as bona fide oncogenes, in most cancers, RTKs maintain moderate expression and remain wild-type. Consequently, cognate ligands control many facets of tumorigenesis, including resistance to anti-RTK therapies. Herein, we show that the ligands for the RTKs MET and RON, HGF and HGFL, respectively, are synthesized as inactive precursors that are activated by cellular proteases. Our newly generated HGF/HGFL protease inhibitors could overcome both de novo and acquired cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Conversely, HGF overexpression was necessary and sufficient to induce cetuximab resistance and loss of polarity. Moreover, HGF-induced cetuximab resistance could be overcome by the downstream MET inhibitor, crizotinib, and upstream protease inhibitors. Additionally, HAI-1, an endogenous inhibitor of HGF proteases, (i) was downregulated in CRC, (ii) exhibited increased genomic methylation that correlated with poor prognosis, (iii) HAI-1 expression correlated with cetuximab response in a panel of cancer cell lines, and (iv) exogenous addition of recombinant HAI-1 overcame cetuximab resistance in CC-HGF cells. Thus, we describe a targetable, autocrine HAI-1/Protease/HGF/MET axis in cetuximab resistance in CRC.
Packing a Tetrahedron by Similar Tetrahedra
Authors: Januszewski Janusz , Zielonka Łukasz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAny collection of homothetic copies of some tetrahedron $$T_r$$

T
r

, whose total volume does not exceed one quarter of the volume of $$T_r$$

T
r

, can be packed into $$T_r$$

T
r

.
Aufbau des neuen „Forschungsdatenzentrums Gesundheit“ zur Datenbereitstellung für die Wissenschaft
Authors: Ludwig Melanie , Schneider Katharina , Heß Steffen , Broich Karl 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Analyse von Real-world-Daten (RWD) hat in der Gesundheitsforschung der vergangenen Jahre eine immer größere Bedeutung gewonnen. Mit dem im Aufbau befindlichen Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit („FDZ Gesundheit“) werden Forschende künftig Zugang zu Routinedaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen von rund 74 Mio. Menschen in Deutschland erhalten können. Auch Daten aus den elektronischen Patientenakten können hier mit der Zeit für die Forschung bereitgestellt werden. Dabei gewährleistet das FDZ Gesundheit höchste Datenschutz- und IT-Sicherheitsstandards. Der digitale Antragsprozess, die Datenbereitstellungen in sicheren virtuellen Analyseräumen sowie die Features zur Unterstützung der Auswertungen, wie Kataloge von Kodiersystemen, ein Point-and-Click-Analysetool und vordefinierte Standardauswertungen, erhöhen die Nutzungsfreundlichkeit für die Forschenden. Durch die Analysen der umfangreichen im FDZ verfügbaren Gesundheitsdaten ergeben sich zukünftig vielfältige Möglichkeiten, das Gesundheitssystem und die Versorgungsqualität zu verbessern.In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst die Vorteile des FDZ Gesundheit beleuchtet und die sich durch das FDZ ergebenden Möglichkeiten für die Forschung in der Versorgung und für die Bevölkerung exemplarisch skizziert. Danach werden die Struktur und die zentralen Aspekte des FDZ Gesundheit erläutert. Ein Ausblick auf die Chancen der Verknüpfung verschiedener Daten wird gegeben. Wie die Antrags- und Datennutzungsprozesse am FDZ aussehen werden, wird dabei am Beispiel von fiktiven Möglichkeiten zur Analyse von Long COVID anhand der künftig verfügbaren Abrechnungsdaten dargestellt.
Sentience, Vulcans, and zombies: the value of phenomenal consciousness
Authors: Shepherd Joshua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany think that a specific aspect of phenomenal consciousness—valenced or affective experience—is essential to consciousness’s moral significance (valence sentientism). They hold that valenced experience is necessary for well-being, or moral status, or psychological intrinsic value (or all three). Some think that phenomenal consciousness generally is necessary for non-derivative moral significance (broad sentientism). Few think that consciousness is unnecessary for moral significance (non-necessitarianism). In this paper, I consider the prospects for these views. I first consider the prospects for valence sentientism in light of Vulcans, beings who are conscious but without affect or valence of any sort. I think Vulcans pressure us to accept broad sentientism. But I argue that a consideration of explanations for broad sentientism opens up possible explanations for non-necessitarianism about the moral significance of consciousness. That is, once one leans away from valence sentientism because of Vulcans, one should feel pressure to accept a view on which consciousness is not necessary for well-being, moral status, or psychological intrinsic value.
Long chain capsaicin analogues synthetized by CALB-CLEAs show cytotoxicity on glioblastoma cell lines
Authors: Diaz-Vidal Tania , Armenta-Pérez Vicente Paúl , Rosales-Rivera Luis Carlos , Basulto-Padilla Georgina Cristina , Martínez-Pérez Raúl Balam , Mateos-Díaz Juan Carlos , Gutiérrez-Mercado Yanet K. , Canales-Aguirre Alejandro A. , Rodríguez Jorge A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal tumors, displaying striking cellular heterogeneity and drug resistance. The prognosis of patients suffering from glioblastoma after 5 years is only 5%. In the present work, capsaicin analogues bearing modifications on the acyl chain with long-chain fatty acids showed promising anti-tumoral activity by its cytotoxicity on U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma multiforme cells. The capsaicin analogues were enzymatically synthetized with cross-linked enzyme aggregates of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The catalytic performance of recombinant CALB-CLEAs was compared to their immobilized form on a hydrophobic support. After 72 h of reaction, the synthesis of capsaicin analogues from linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and punicic acid achieved a maximum conversion of 69.7, 8.3 and 30.3% with CALB-CLEAs, respectively. Similar values were obtained with commercial CALB, with conversion yields of 58.3, 24.2 and 22% for capsaicin analogues from linoleic acid, DHA and punicic acid, respectively. Olvanil and dohevanil had a significant cytotoxic effect on both U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma cells. Irrespective of the immobilization form, CALB is an efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of anti-tumoral capsaicin derivatives.

Key points
• This is the first report concerning the enzymatic synthesis of capsaicin analogues from docosahexaenoic acid and punicic acid with CALB-CLEAs.
• The viability U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma cells was significantly affected after incubation with olvanil and dohevanil.
• Capsaicin analogues from fatty acids obtained by CALB-CLEAs are promising candidates for therapeutic use as cytotoxic agents in glioblastoma cancer cells.
Valgus stress radiographs have a minor additional value in detecting lateral cartilage wear when selecting patients for medial partial knee replacement
Authors: van Langeveld Stephan J. , Janssen Stein J. , Oost Iris Koenraadt-van , Terra Maaike P. , van Geenen Rutger C. I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
A valgus stress radiograph, in addition to the weight-bearing fixed flexion posteroanterior radiograph (e.g., Rosenberg), is deemed useful to assess lateral cartilage wear by measuring lateral joint space width (JSW) in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to assess: (1) the difference in measured lateral JSW between the Rosenberg and the valgus stress radiograph, and (2) the ability of the valgus stress radiograph to detect lateral cartilage wear (indicated by joint space narrowing) in patients where the Rosenberg radiograph showed full thickness cartilage (i.e., the additional value).

Materials and methods
The Rosenberg and valgus stress radiographs, obtained between January 1st 2018 and December 31st 2018, of 137 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis prior to total or partial knee replacement were retrospectively collected. The lateral JSW was measured at its midpoint (midJSW) and minimum (minJSW). The differences were tested with a paired-sample t test. The valgus stress radiograph was considered to have an additional value if: (1) JSW ≥ 5 mm on the Rosenberg radiograph, (2) JSW < 5 mm on valgus stress radiograph, and (3) > 2 mm less JSW on the valgus stress than on the Rosenberg radiograph.

Results
The mean differences in lateral JSW between the Rosenberg and valgus stress radiographs were 0.53 mm (SD = 1.0 mm, p < 0.001) for midJSW and 0.66 mm (SD = 1.1 mm, p < 0.001) for minJSW with both values being lower on the valgus stress radiograph. The valgus stress radiograph was of additional value in 4–6% of the patients.

Conclusions
Although the valgus stress radiograph shows more lateral JSW narrowing compared to Rosenberg radiograph, it only has an additional value in 1 out of 17–25 patients with medial osteoarthritis. We, therefore, recommend a Rosenberg radiograph as routine radiographic assessment and only use an additional valgus stress radiograph in case of discrepancy between clinical and radiological findings.
pH-regulated single cell migration
Authors: Stock Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the last two decades, extra- and intracellular pH have emerged as fundamental regulators of cell motility. Fundamental physiological and pathological processes relying on appropriate cell migration, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and a proper immune defense on the one hand, and autoimmune diseases, metastatic cancer, and the progression of certain parasitic diseases on the other, depend on surrounding pH. In addition, migrating single cells create their own localized pH nanodomains at their surface and in the cytosol. By this means, the migrating cells locally modulate their adhesion to, and the re-arrangement and digestion of, the extracellular matrix. At the same time, the cytosolic nanodomains tune cytoskeletal dynamics along the direction of movement resulting in concerted lamellipodia protrusion and rear end retraction. Extracellular pH gradients as found in wounds, inflamed tissues, or the periphery of tumors stimulate directed cell migration, and long-term exposure to acidic conditions can engender a more migratory and invasive phenotype persisting for hours up to several generations of cells after they have left the acidic milieu. In the present review, the different variants of pH-dependent single cell migration are described. The underlying pH-dependent molecular mechanisms such as conformational changes of adhesion molecules, matrix protease activity, actin (de-)polymerization, and signaling events are explained, and molecular pH sensors stimulated by H+ signaling are presented.
Predicting wait time for pediatric kidney transplant: a novel index
Authors: Alvarez Alexandra , Montgomery Ashley , Galván Nhu Thao Nguyen , Brewer Eileen D. , Rana Abbas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Over one thousand pediatric kidney transplant candidates are added to the waitlist annually, yet the prospective time spent waiting is unknown for many. Our study fills this gap by identifying variables that impact waitlist time and by creating an index to predict the likelihood of a pediatric candidate receiving a transplant within 1 year of listing. This index could be used to guide patient management by giving clinicians a potential timeline for each candidate’s listing based on a unique combination of risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 3757 pediatric kidney transplant candidates from the 2014 to 2020 OPTN/UNOS database was performed. The data was randomly divided into a training set, comprising two-thirds of the data, and a testing set, comprising one-third of the data. From the training set, univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify significant predictive factors affecting wait times. A predictive index was created using variables significant in the multivariable analysis. The index’s ability to predict likelihood of transplantation within 1 year of listing was validated using ROC analysis on the training set. Validation of the index using ROC analysis was repeated on the testing set.

Results
A total of 10 variables were found to be significant. The five most significant variables include the following: blood group, B (OR 0.65); dialysis status (OR 3.67); kidney disease etiology, SLE (OR 0.38); and OPTN region, 5 (OR 0.54) and 6 (OR 0.46). ROC analysis of the index on the training set yielded a c-statistic of 0.71. ROC analysis of the index on the testing set yielded a c-statistic of 0.68.

Conclusions
This index is a modest prognostic model to assess time to pediatric kidney transplantation. It is intended as a supplementary tool to guide patient management by providing clinicians with an individualized prospective timeline for each candidate. Early identification of candidates with potential for prolonged waiting times may help encourage more living donation including paired donation chains.

Graphical Abstract
Insights into the relationship between hydraulic safety, hydraulic efficiency and tree structural complexity from terrestrial laser scanning and fractal analysis
Authors: Dorji Yonten , Isasa Emilie , Pierick Kerstin , Cabral Juliano Sarmento , Tobgay Tashi , Annighöfer Peter , Schuldt Bernhard , Seidel Dominik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Key message
This research focused on the interplay between tree structural complexity and drought tolerance, unraveling the crucial role of Db as an indicator of hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability in several tree species.

Abstract
The potential of trees to adapt to drier and hotter climates will determine the future state of forests in the wake of a changing climate. Attributes connected to the hydraulic network are likely to determine a tree’s ability to endure drought. However, how a tree’s architectural attributes related to drought tolerance remains understudied. To fill this gap, we compared the structural complexity of 71 trees of 18 species obtained from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) with key hydraulic thresholds. We used three measures of xylem safety, i.e., the water potential at 12%, 50%, and 88% loss of hydraulic conductance (P12, P50, P88) and specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to assess the trees’ drought tolerance. TLS data were used to generate 3D attributes of each tree and to construct quantitative structure models (QSMs) to characterize the branching patterns. Fractal analysis (box-dimension approach) was used to evaluate the overall structural complexity of the trees (Db) by integrating horizontal and vertical extent as well as internal branching patterns. Our findings revealed a significant relationship between the structural complexity (Db) and the three measures of xylem safety along with Ks. Tree species with low structural complexity developed embolism-resistant xylem at the cost of hydraulic efficiency. Our findings also revealed that the Db had a stronger and more significant relationship with branch hydraulic safety and efficiency compared to other structural attributes examined. We conclude that Db seems to be a robust descriptor of tree architecture that relates to important branch hydraulic properties of a tree.
Hydration of $$p-$$aminobenzoic acid: structures and non-covalent bondings of aminobenzoic acid-water clusters
Authors: Anni Diane , Amika Mbema Jean Claude , Malloum Alhadji , Conradie Jeanet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context

Micro-hydration of the aminobenzoic acid is essential to understand its interaction with surrounding water molecules. Understanding the micro-hydration of the aminobenzoic acid is also essential to study its remediation from wastewater. Therefore, we explored the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the para-aminobenzoic acid-water clusters, $$\text {ABW}_{n}$$

ABW
n

, $$n=1-10$$

n
=
1
-
10

, to study the microsolvation of the aminobenzoic acid in water. In addition, we performed a quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis to identify the nature of non-covalent bondings in the aminobenzoic acid-water clusters. Furthermore, temperature effects on the stability of the located isomers have been examined. The located structures have been used to calculate the hydration free energy and the hydration enthalpy of the aminobenzoic acid using the cluster continuum solvation model. The hydration free energy and the hydration enthalpy of the aminobenzoic acid at room temperature are evaluated to be −7.0 kcal/mol and −18.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The hydration enthalpy is in perfect agreement with a previous experimental estimate. Besides, temperature effects on the calculated hydration enthalpy and free energy are reported. Finally, we calculated the gas phase binding energies of the most stable structures of the $$\text {ABW}_{n}$$

ABW
n

clusters using twelve functionals of density functional theory (DFT), including empirical dispersion. The DFT functionals are benchmarked against the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS. We have found that the three most suitable DFT functionals are classified in the following order: PW6B95D3 > MN15 > $$\omega $$
ω
B97XD. Therefore, the PW6B95D3 functional is recommended for further study of the aminobenzoic acid-water clusters and similar systems.

Methods

The exploration started with classical molecular dynamics simulations followed by complete optimization at the PW6B95D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. Optimizations are performed using Gaussian 16 suite of codes. QTAIM analysis is performed using the AIMAll program.
Photobiomodulation increases brain metabolic activity through a combination of 810 and 660 wavelengths: a comparative study in male and female rats
Authors: Zorzo Candela , Rodríguez-Fernández Lucía , Martínez Juan A. , Arias Jorge L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM), an emerging and non-invasive intervention, has been shown to benefit the nervous system by modifying the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase (CCO) enzyme, which has red (620–680 nm) or infrared (760–825 nm) spectral absorption peaks. The effect of a single 810-nm wavelength with a combination of 810 nm and 660 nm lights in the brain metabolic activity of male and female rats was compared. PBM, with a wavelength of 810 nm and a combination of 810 nm and 660 nm, was applied for 5 days on the prefrontal cortex. Then, brain metabolic activity in the prefrontal area, hippocampus, retrosplenial, and parietal cortex was explored. Sex differences were found in cortical and subcortical regions, indicating higher male brain oxidative metabolism, regardless of treatment. CCO activity in the cingulate and prelimbic area, dentate gyrus, retrosplenial and parietal cortex was enhanced in both treatments (810 + 660 nm and 810 nm). Moreover, using the combination of waves, CCO increased in the infralimbic area, and in CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. Thus, employment of a single NIR treatment or a combination of red to NIR treatment led to slight differences in CCO activity across the limbic system, suggesting that a combination of lights of the spectrum may be relevant.
Comparison of the removal of intracanal medicaments used in regenerative endodontics from root canal system using needle, ultrasonic, sonic, and laser-activated irrigation systems
Authors: Usta Sıla Nur , Erdem Berat Akın , Gündoğar Mustafa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the syringe-needle irrigation (SNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EDDY, and shock wave–enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) techniques regarding calcium hydroxide and double antibiotic paste removal from the root canal in regenerative endodontic treatments. Eighty single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and enlarged up to #100 to stimulate the immature tooth model. Root canals were irrigated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by saline solution according to the regenerative endodontic treatment protocol. Dressed teeth were divided into 2 main groups regarding the used intracanal medicaments. Calcium hydroxide and double antibiotic paste were introduced to the canals, and teeth were stored for 3 weeks. Each medicament group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the activation techniques. Medicaments were removed using a 17% EDTA solution. Teeth were split longitudinally into two parts. The remaining medicaments were evaluated under a stereo microscope with a scoring system. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Regardless of the used irrigation activation systems, there was no statistically significant difference between the removal of the CH and DAP from the root canal (P>0.05). While SWEEPS had the highest ability regarding the removal of intracanal medicaments, syringe-needle irrigation had the lowest (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between PUI and EDDY (P>0.05). Complete removal of intracanal medicaments could not be achieved with any techniques. SWEEPS technology was more effective in removing intracanal medicaments in regenerative endodontic treatments compared to the sonic and ultrasonic irrigation activation systems.