bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of, and interactions between, calcium and heavy metals in wood and bark of Picea abies
Authors: Österås Ann Helén , Greger Maria 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSpreading of wood ashes from the pulp and paper industry will change the content and proportions of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in forest soils and thus also in the forest trees. The accumulation and distributions of, and interaction between, Ca and heavy metals in wood and bark of two‐year‐old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were investigated in this study. The treatment was carried out for 3 months in nutrient solutions, and there was a low or a high addition of Ca, Cd, Cu or Zn. The metal accumulation in, and distribution between, the bark, the wood formed during the treatment period (new wood), and the wood formed before the treatment period (old wood) was analyzed with AAS. The contents of the metals in the stems (i.e., bark, new wood, old wood) increased with elevated addition of the metal in question, also at the low addition of Ca, Cu, and Zn. Interactions between Ca and the heavy metals were found. Elevated Ca additions decreased the Cd content of the bark and the Zn content of the old wood, and tended to decrease the Cu content of the bark and the Cd content of the old wood. The Ca content decreased in both, wood and bark after Cu addition and the high Cd addition. Thus, even small changes in metal availability and proportions in forest soil, such as after spreading of wood ashes in the forest, will be reflected in the content of the metals in the wood and bark of forest trees.
Approximate cross‐validatory predictive checks in disease mapping models
Authors: Marshall E. C. , Spiegelhalter D. J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWhen fitting complex hierarchical disease mapping models, it can be important to identify regions that diverge from the assumed model. Since full leave‐one‐out cross‐validatory assessment is extremely time‐consuming when using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation methods, Stern and Cressie consider an importance sampling approximation. We show that this can be improved upon through replication of both random effects and data. Our approach is simple to apply, entirely generic, and may aid the criticism of any Bayesian hierarchical model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulations of time‐coincident, co‐located measurements from ENVISAT‐1 instruments for the characterization of tropospheric aerosols: a sensitivity study including cloud contamination effects
Authors: Torricella Francesca , Cattani Elsa , Cervino Marco , Levizzani Vincenzo , João Costa Maria 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA sensitivity test of the aerosol properties retrieval is conducted using nadir viewing instruments on board the ENVISAT‐1 platform trying to reproduce the natural variability of the aerosol field. The analysis highlights problems arising in the retrieval when aerosol loading, relative humidity, and cloud coverage are simultaneously varied. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
Impaired and enhanced attentional function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: KOSCHACK J. , KUNERT H. J. , DERICHS G. , WENIGER G. , IRLE E. 
Published: April 2003

Background. The symptom domain of inattention in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests that there are neuropsychological fields of attention in which subjects with ADHD express deficits. However, studies using differentiated neuropsychological attentional tests in ADHD are lacking.Method. A consecutive series of 35 subjects with ADHD aged 9–12 years were assessed on a computer-driven neuropsychological test battery for attentional functions. Their performance was classified according to the data of a normative sample of 187 healthy subjects aged 9–12 years, and compared with the performance of 35 matched healthy control subjects.Results. According to normative data, most ADHD subjects performed on all attentional measures within the normal range. Comparisons with the control group revealed that ADHD subjects reacted faster on all attentional tests, yielding statistical significance for the Go/No go test and the Divided Attention test. They also performed with significantly fewer errors on the Divided Attention test. On the Go/No go test, Visual Scanning test and Attentional Shift test ADHD subjects committed significantly more errors than control subjects.Conclusions. Our results suggest a differential pattern rather than a deficit pattern of attentional functions in ADHD. It is suggested that the more rapid response style of ADHD subjects leads to a more erroneous performance in self-paced attentional tasks and to a better performance in externally paced attentional tasks. However, neuropsychological tests of attention do not contribute to the clinical diagnosis of ADHD.
Distinct involvement of cAMP-response element-dependent transcriptions in functional and morphological maturation during retinoid-mediated human myeloid differentiation
Authors: Saeki Kumiko , Saeki Koichi , Yuo Akira 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
We evaluated the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element (CRE)-dependent transcriptions in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced myeloid differentiation using human monoblastic U937 cells. ATRA treatment caused an increment in the CRE-dependent transcription activity and induced a wide variety of differentiation phenotypes including functional and morphological maturation. Indeed, ATRA treatment induced the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a CRE-dependent transcription factor important in monocytic differentiation, and the inhibition of CRE-enhancer activity by the expression of a dominant-negative CRE-binding protein (dn-CREB) abolished the induction of C/EBPβ. Functional maturation, such as the enhancement of cell adhesion and respiratory burst activity, was dramatically suppressed by the expression of dn-CREB. In addition, the differentiation-dependent induction of an adhesion molecule (CD11b), the phagocyte oxidase required for respiratory burst, and the transcription factor PU.1 responsible for phagocyte oxidase induction were all abolished by dn-CREB. Surprisingly, morphological maturation, including nuclear convolution and ctoplasmic vacuolar formation, was augmented by dn-CREB. Under the same conditions, the differentiation-associated cell-growth arrest was not affected by the expression of dn-CREB. Our results clearly indicate that CRE-driven transcription plays at least three distinct roles during myeloid differentiation: It stimulates functional maturation but suppresses morphological maturation and has no effects on cell-growth arrest.
Homelessness: integrating international perspectives
Authors: Christian Julie 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article, the issue introduction, discusses the background issues effecting the conceptualization and debate surrounding research on homelessness in the US and Europe, focussing largely on the UK. It considers the themes to be developed in this special issue, and examines how psychology together with other disciplines such as sociology, geography and policy studies can be complementary in meeting the challenges of researching, evaluating and understanding the issues. This article also begins to discuss how these divergent approaches can strengthen both the evidence bases on homelessness, and explore some of the lessons that can be learned from different perspectives, a theme raised throughout this issue. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paget‐Schroëtter syndrome: What to do?
Authors: Sevestre Marie‐Antoinette , Kalka Christoph , Irwin William T. , Ahari Heideh K. , Schainfeld Robert M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPaget‐Schroëtter syndrome, or primary thrombotic occlusion of the axillary‐subclavian vein, is diagnosed in a 42‐year‐old man subsequently treated with thrombolysis and anticoagulation. Treatment strategies, including early and delayed surgical options, are discussed to determine the best risk/benefit ratio. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:71–76. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Synthesis of Fused Ring Systems Utilising the Intramolecular Addition of Alkenyl Radicals to Furans
Authors: Demircan Aydin , Parsons Philip J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractStudies on the intramolecular addition of alkenyl radicals to furans are reported. The alkenyl radicals undergo a 5‐exo‐trig addition to furans and the resulting spirocyclic intermediate can fragment to give substituted cyclopentene rings. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Stratified cost‐effectiveness analysis: a framework for establishing efficient limited use criteria
Authors: Coyle Douglas , Buxton Martin J. , O'Brien Bernie J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe cost‐effectiveness of new health care technologies is conditional upon who receives what therapy and under what circumstances. Understanding this heterogeneity in cost‐effectiveness, health care payers often limit reimbursement of therapies to a more restrictive sub‐group of patients than that indicated in a product's licensing. Such limits may be based upon clinical or demographic criteria that are prognostic of costs, outcomes or both. However, there is little guidance on how to estimate and interpret stratified cost‐effectiveness analysis. In this paper we present a framework for estimating the benefits from stratification that permits consideration of both the opportunity cost resulting from a lack of adherence with criteria and the efficiency loss associated with incorporating equity concerns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the transferability of hydration‐parametrized continuum electrostatics models to solvated binding calculations
Authors: Rankin Kathryn N. , Sulea Traian , Purisima Enrico O. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractUsing molecular mechanics force field partial atomic charges, we show the nonuniqueness of the parametrization of continuum electrostatics models with respect to solute atomic radii and interior dielectric constant based on hydration (vacuum‐to‐water transfer) free energy data available for small molecules. Moreover, parameter sets that are optimal and equivalent for hydration free energy calculations lead to large variations of calculated absolute and relative electrostatic binding free energies. Hence, parametrization of solvation effects based on hydration data, although a necessary condition, is not sufficient to guarantee its transferability to the calculation of binding free energies in solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 954–962, 2003
The impact of spatial resolution and respiratory motion on MR imaging of atherosclerotic plaque
Authors: Schär Michael , Kim Won Yong , Stuber Matthias , Boesiger Peter , Manning Warren J. , Botnar René M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPurposeTo examine the impact of spatial resolution and respiratory motion on the ability to accurately measure atherosclerotic plaque burden and to visually identify atherosclerotic plaque composition.Materials and MethodsNumerical simulations of the Bloch equations and vessel wall phantom studies were performed for different spatial resolutions by incrementally increasing the field of view. In addition, respiratory motion was simulated based on a measured physiologic breathing pattern.ResultsWhile a spatial resolution of ≥ 6 pixels across the wall does not result in significant errors, a resolution of ≤ 4 pixels across the wall leads to an overestimation of > 20%. Using a double‐inversion T2‐weighted turbo spin echo sequence, a resolution of 1 pixel across equally thick tissue layers (fibrous cap, lipid, smooth muscle) and a respiratory motion correction precision (gating window) of three times the thickness of the tissue layer allow for characterization of the different coronary wall components.ConclusionsWe found that measurements in low‐resolution black blood images tend to overestimate vessel wall area and underestimate lumen area. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:538–544. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in pediatric patients using sensitivity encoding
Authors: Muthupillai Raja , Vick Giles W. , Flamm Scott D. , Chung Taylor 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the role of time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) using sensitivity encoding in imaging the thoraco‐abdominal vessels in pediatric patients.Materials and MethodsThoraco‐abdominal vessels of 22 pediatric patients (median age = 5 years) were evaluated with a 3D CE‐MRA technique in combination with SENSE following a 0.2 mmol/kg injection of Gd‐chelate. The acquisition parameters were as follows: TR/TE = 5/1.1 msec; flip angle = 40°; in‐plane phase encoding steps were reduced by a factor of 2 using sensitivity encoding (SENSE); 3D volume acquisition was repeated four to eight times consecutively during free breathing (four to eight dynamics) with a mean temporal resolution of 6.8 seconds/dynamic; and mean acquired voxel size = 1.4 × 1.7 × 3.1 mm (reconstructed as 1.4 × 1.4 × 1.55 mm). Arterial‐to‐venous signal intensity ratios (AVRs) were computed for each dynamic.ResultsAll images were successfully reconstructed and were of diagnostic quality. The AVRs of prepeak, peak, and postpeak arterial volumes were 1.0 ± 0.5, 6.1 ± 3.3, and 1.3 ±0.9, respectively, indicating good arterial‐to‐venous separation. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the peak arterial volume was 41 ± 26.ConclusionOur results suggest that it is feasible to apply SENSE to a conventional 3D CE‐MRA technique in a time‐resolved fashion for imaging the thoraco‐abdominal vessels in pediatric patients during free breathing. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:559–564. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pair of resonant fiducial markers for localization of endovascular catheters at all catheter orientations
Authors: Kuehne Titus , Fahrig Rebecca , Butts Kim 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPurposeTo test wireless resonance circuits (RC) to be used as fiducial marker of endovascular catheters during MR‐guided interventions. Current markers loose their signal enhancement for certain catheter orientations. The purpose of this study was to test a marker setup which overcomes this orientation problem.Materials and MethodsThe markers were constructed from a pair of two RCs. The RCs were individually tuned and the coil axes were oriented perpendicular to each other in order to decouple the two RCs. The markers were mounted on the tip of endovascular catheters and tested in vitro and in one porcine in vivo experiment.ResultsAn intense MR signal at similar signal levels was noted at all catheter orientations. In the in vivo experiment the markers allowed for fast and reliable MR guidance of the catheters.ConclusionA pair of two individually tuned and decoupled RCs is well suited for MR guidance of endovascular catheters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:620–624. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrically Activated Poly(propylene)/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Do Hoon , Park Jun Uk , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Lee Seung Jong 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA novel approach to fabricate poly(propylene)/clay nanocomposites under an electric field without adding any compatibilizer was proposed. The electrically activated poly(propylene)/clay nanocomposites show enhanced rheological properties with the disappearance of the characteristic peak in X‐ray diffraction. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the microstructural changes of the nanocomposites. Electric field was found to facilitate destruction of the layer‐stacking and separation of the silicate layers.Time sweep results of poly(propylene)/clay composites before and after applying an electric field at 180 °C.magnified imageTime sweep results of poly(propylene)/clay composites before and after applying an electric field at 180 °C.
Studies of Adsorption of Diblock Copolymers from Non‐Selective Solvent by Scheutjens‐Fleer Theory and Monte Carlo Simulation, 1
Authors: Chen Ting , Guo Lian , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThorough investigations on the adsorption of diblock copolymers from a non‐selective solvent on solid surface have been performed by using Scheutjens‐Fleer mean‐field lattice theory. One main objective of this work is to make an in‐depth comparison between the Scheutjens‐Fleer theory (SF) and our previous simulation work. Although our study shows that there are some systematic deviations between theory and simulation, we still find that the calculations are in qualitative agreement with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results. The theory can reproduce main features of diblock copolymer's adsorption as compared to the simulation. For instance, both theory and simulation correctly predict the appearance of a maximum in adsorption amount as a function of the adsorbing segment fraction in a chain when the total chain length is fixed. When the adsorption of diblock copolymer is relatively weak, the predictions made by the theory agree better with the simulation results. Being the first paper of a series, this article will focus on studying the adsorption information like segment density profiles, adsorption amount and isotherms, and adsorption layer thickness. The influence of adsorption energy, chain composition and bulk concentration on these adsorption properties was inspected by self‐consistent‐field theory and were further compared to MC simulation results. Also discussed are some other theoretical, simulation, and experimental results in the literature and their relationships with the conclusions derived from this work.Adsorption amount versus chain composition f, M = 150, r = 50, box size is 50 × 50 × 50. $\bar \varepsilon _{{\rm Aa}} = 0.5$ (▵), 0.8 (⋄), 1.0 (•), 1.2 (○): MC results; line a, b, c, d: corresponding SF results.magnified imageAdsorption amount versus chain composition f, M = 150, r = 50, box size is 50 × 50 × 50. $\bar \varepsilon _{{\rm Aa}} = 0.5$ (▵), 0.8 (⋄), 1.0 (•), 1.2 (○): MC results; line a, b, c, d: corresponding SF results.
Molecular mechanisms of G0/G1 cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by terfenadine in human cancer cells
Authors: Liu Jean‐Dean , Wang Ying‐Jan , Chen Chien‐Ho , Yu Cheng‐Fei , Chen Li‐Ching , Lin Jen‐Kun , Liang Yu‐Chih , Lin Shyr‐Yi , Ho Yuan‐Soon 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTerfenadine (TF), a highly potent histamine H1 receptor antagonist, has been shown to exert no significant central nervous system side effects in clinically effective doses. In this study, we demonstrated that TF induced significant growth inhibition of human cancer cells, including Hep G2, HT 29, and COLO 205 cells, through induction of G0/G1 phase cell‐cycle arrest. The minimal dose of TF induced significant G0/G1 arrest in these cells was 1–3 μM. The protein levels of p53, p21/Cip1, and p27/Kip1 were significantly elevated, whereas the kinase activities of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK4 were inhibited simultaneously in the TF‐treated cells. On the other hand, significant apoptosis, but not G0/G1 arrest, was induced in the HL 60 (p53‐null) or Hep 3B (with deleted p53) cells when treated with TF (3–5 μM). To clarify the roles of p21/Cip1 and p27/Kip1 protein expression, which was involved in G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis induced by TF in human cancer cells, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) specific to p21/Cip1 and p27/Kip1 were used, and the expression of the p21/Cip1 and p27/Kip1 were monitored by immunoblotting analysis. Our data demonstrated that the percentage of the apoptotic cells detected by annexin V/PI analysis in the TF‐treated group was clearly attenuated by pretreatment with p27/Kip1–specific ODNs. These results indicated that p27/Kip1 (but not p21/Cip1) protein indeed played a critical role in the TF‐induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that the TF‐induced G0/G1 cell‐cycle arrest effect was not reversed by TF removal, and this growth inhibition lasted for at least 7 d. Importantly, the occurrence of apoptosis and cell growth arrest was not observed in the TF‐treated normal human fibroblast, even at a dose as high as 25 μM. Our study showed the molecular mechanisms for TF‐induced cell growth inhibition and the occurrence of apoptosis in human cancer cells. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isomer differentiation by combining gas chromatography, selective self‐ion/molecule reactions and tandem mass spectrometry in an ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Wu Hui‐Fen , Chuan Yu‐Jie 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis study presents a novel, simple and rapid procedure for isomer differentiation by combining gas chromatography (GC), a selective self‐ion/molecule reaction (SSIMR) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). SSIMR product ions were produced from four isomers. For aniline, SSIMR induces the formation of the molecular ion, [M+H]+, [M+CH]+, adduct ions of fragments ([M+F]+, where F represents fragment ions) and [2MH]+. 2 and 3‐Picoline produce [M+H]+, [2MH]+ and [M+F]+, while 5‐hexynenitrile produces [M+H]+, [M+F]+ and [2M+H]+ ions. The proposed method provides a relatively easy, rapid and efficient means of isomer differentiation via a SSIMR in the ITMS. Typically, isomer differentiation can be achieved within several minutes. The superiority of the SSIMR technique for isomer differentiation over electronic ionization (EI) is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of the Asian summer monsoon in five European general circulation models
Authors: Martin G. M. , Arpe K. , Chauvin F. , Ferranti L. , Maynard K. , Polcher J. , Stephenson D. B. , Tschuck P. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA comparison is made of the mean monsoon climatology in five different general circulation models (GCMs) which have been used by the participants of a project, funded by the European Union, entitled Studies of the Influence, Hydrology and Variability of the Asian summer monsoon (SHIVA). The models differ considerably, in horizontal and vertical resolution, numerical schemes and physical parametrizations, so that it is impossible to isolate the cause of differences in their monsoon simulations. Instead, the purpose of this comparison is to document and compare the representation of the mean monsoon in models which are being used to investigate the characteristics of the monsoon, its variability and its response to different boundary forcings. All of the models produce a reasonable representation of the monsoon circulation, although there are regional variations in the magnitude and pattern of the flow at both 850 hPa and 200 hPa. Considerable differences between the models are seen in the amount and distribution of precipitation. The models all reproduce the basic monsoon seasonal variation, although the timing of the onset and retreat, and the maxima in the winds and precipitation during the established phase, differ between them. There are corresponding differences in the evolution of the atmospheric structure between the pre‐monsoon season and its established phase. It is hoped that this study will set in context the investigations of the monsoon system and its impacts carried out using these models, both during SHIVA and in the future. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society.