bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐State Cholesteric Liquid Crystals as an Emerging Platform for the Development of Optical Photonic Sensors
Authors: Hussain Saddam , Zourob Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, solid‐state cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCsolid) have emerged as a promising photonic material, heralding new opportunities for the advancement of optical photonic biosensors and actuators. The periodic helical structure of CLCsolids gives rise to their distinctive capability of selectively reflecting incident radiation, rendering them highly promising contenders for a wide spectrum of photonic applications. Extensive research is conducted on utilizing CLCsolid’s optical characteristics to create optical sensors for bioassays, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. This review provides an overview of emerging technologies in the field of interpenetrating polymeric network‐CLCsolid (IPN) and CLCsolid‐based optical sensors, including their structural designs, processing, essential materials, working principles, and fabrication methodologies. The review concludes with a forward‐looking perspective, addressing current challenges and potential trajectories for future research.
Composition‐Property Relations for GAxFAyMA1‐x‐yPbI3 Perovskites
Authors: Minussi Fernando Brondani , Silva Rogério Marcos , Araújo Eudes Borges 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHalide perovskites are materials for diverse optoelectronic applications owing to a combination of factors, including their compositional flexibility. A major source of this diversity of compositions comes from the use of mixed organic cations in the A‐site of such compounds to form solid solutions. Many organic cations are possible for this purpose. Although significant progress is made over years of intensive research, the determination of systematic relationships between the compositions and properties of halide perovskites is not exploited accordingly. Using the MAPbI3 prototype, a wide range of compositions substituted by formamidinium (FA+) and guanidinium (GA+) cations are studied. From a detailed collection of experimental data and results reported in the literature, heat maps correlating the composition of GAxFAyMA1‐x‐yPbI3 solid solutions with phase transition temperatures, dielectric permittivity, and activation energies are constructed. Considering the characteristics of organic cations, namely their sizes, dipole moments, and the number of N─H bonds, it is possible to interpret the heat maps as consequences of these characteristics. This work brings a systematization of how obtaining specific properties of halide perovskites might be possible by customizing the characteristics of the A‐site organic cations.
Gustation‐Inspired Dual‐Responsive Hydrogels for Taste Sensing Enabled by Machine Learning
Authors: Miao Ziyue , Tan Hongwei , Gustavsson Lotta , Zhou Yang , Xu Quan , Ikkala Olli , Peng Bo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman gustatory system recognizes salty/sour or sweet tastants based on their different ionic or nonionic natures using two different signaling pathways. This suggests that evolution has selected this detection dualism favorably. Analogically, this work constructs herein bioinspired stimulus‐responsive hydrogels to recognize model salty/sour or sweet tastes based on two different responses, that is, electrical and volumetric responsivities. Different compositions of zwitter‐ionic sulfobetainic N‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐N‐(methacryloxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethylammonium betaine (DMAPS) and nonionic 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are co‐polymerized to explore conditions for gelation. The hydrogel responses upon adding model tastant molecules are explored using electrical and visual de‐swelling observations. Beyond challenging electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, naive multimeter electrical characterizations are performed, toward facile applicability. Ionic model molecules, for example, sodium chloride and acetic acid, interact electrostatically with DMAPS groups, whereas nonionic molecules, for example, D(‐)fructose, interact by hydrogen bonding with HEMA. The model tastants induce complex combinations of electrical and volumetric responses, which are then introduced as inputs for machine learning algorithms. The fidelity of such a trained dual response approach is tested for a more general taste identification. This work envisages that the facile dual electric/volumetric hydrogel responses combined with machine learning proposes a generic bioinspired avenue for future bionic designs of artificial taste recognition, amply needed in applications.
Wafer‐Scale Transferrable GaN Enabled by Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Flexible Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Wang Lulu , Yang Shenyuan , Zhou Fan , Gao Yaqi , Duo Yiwei , Chen Renfeng , Yang Jiankun , Yan Jianchang , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Zhang Yanfeng , Wei Tongbo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEpitaxy growth and mechanical transfer of high‐quality III‐nitrides using 2D materials, weakly bonded by van der Waals force, becomes an important technology for semiconductor industry. In this work, wafer‐scale transferrable GaN epilayer with low dislocation density is successfully achieved through AlN/h‐BN composite buffer layer and its application in flexible InGaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is demonstrated. Guided by first‐principles calculations, the nucleation and bonding mechanism of GaN and AlN on h‐BN is presented, and it is confirmed that the adsorption energy of Al atoms on O2‐plasma‐treated h‐BN is over 1 eV larger than that of Ga atoms. It is found that the introduced high‐temperature AlN buffer layer induces sufficient tensile strain during rapid coalescence to compensate the compressive strain generated by the heteromismatch, and a strain‐relaxation model for III‐nitrides on h‐BN is proposed. Eventually, the mechanical exfoliation of single‐crystalline GaN film and LED through weak interaction between multilayer h‐BN is realized. The flexible free‐standing thin‐film LED exhibits ≈66% luminescence enhancement with good reliability compared to that before transfer. This work proposes a new approach for the development of flexible semiconductor devices.
Self‐Driven Electric Field Control of Orbital Electrons in AuPd Alloy Nanoparticles for Cancer Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Yao Shuncheng , Wu Qingyuan , Wang Shaobo , Zhao Yunchao , Wang Zhuo , Hu Quanhong , Li Linlin , Liu Huiyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe free radical generation efficiency of nanozymes in cancer therapy is crucial, but current methods fall short. Alloy nanoparticles (ANs) hold promise for improving catalytic performance due to their inherent electronic effect, but there are limited ways to modulate this effect. Here, a self‐driven electric field (E) system utilizing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and AuPd ANs with glucose oxidase (GOx)‐like, catalase (CAT)‐like, and peroxidase (POD)‐like activities is presented to enhance the treatment of 4T1 breast cancer in mice. The E stimulation from TENG enhances the orbital electrons of AuPd ANs, resulting in increased CAT‐like, GOx‐like, and POD‐like activities. Meanwhile, the catalytic cascade reaction of AuPd ANs is further amplified after catalyzing the production of H2O2 from the GOx‐like activities. This leads to 89.5% tumor inhibition after treatment. The self‐driven E strategy offers a new way to enhance electronic effects and improve cascade catalytic therapeutic performance of AuPd ANs in cancer therapy.
Real Time Observation of Halide Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Woo Sanguk , Kim Ye won , Jung Hyein , Yun Yeonghun , Choi Hangyeol , Lee Sangwook , Yoon Yohan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, a novel real‐time current‐voltage (J–V) absorbance spectroscopy (RTJAS) setup is introduced for directly observing halide segregation in mixed halide perovskite solar cells under broadband light illumination, simulating solar exposure. The setup incorporates a broadband light source calibrated to one sun irradiation and a CMOS camera for simultaneous capture of all diffracted wavelengths. J–V measurements are performed concurrently with absorbance spectra collection, enabling in situ analysis of light‐induced degradation due to halide segregation, including bandgap shifts and cell performance data. Comparison of photoluminescence measurements with RTJAS data reveals differing rates of bandgap decrease, underscoring the advantages of real‐time measurement techniques. The work highlights the importance of accounting for experimental conditions, such as humidity and voltage injection, which can accelerate halide segregation, ultimately emphasizing the need for careful consideration of experimental conditions to accurately characterize perovskite solar cell behavior under realistic conditions.
Photolithographic Rugged Electrode for High‐Density Low‐Contact‐Resistance Coplanar Organic Transistors
Authors: Xian Da , Zhao Xiaoli , Liu Jiayi , Wang Bin , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe realization of high‐performance photolithographic coplanar organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is fundamental to boost cosmically commercial applications of organic electronics. However, photolithographic coplanar OTFTs generally suffer from poor charge injection and therefore poor filed‐effect performance. Here, a simple and effective strategy is developed to fabricate photolithographic rugged electrodes, and successfully achieve high‐density low‐contact‐resistance photolithographic coplanar OTFTs. Based on this versatile electrode, the wafer‐scale photolithographic rugged electrode can be easily achieved, and the device density of the coplanar OTFTs is as high as 28000 cm−2. The device shows excellent electrical properties with mobility up to 2.01 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Rc as low as 7.8 kΩ cm, which is superior to all the reported Ag‐electrode coplanar OTFTs. This work shows a reliable strategy to reduce the contact resistance of photolithographic coplanar OTFTs and elucidates the effect of injection resistance (Rinj) and access resistance (Racc) on coplanar OTFTs.
Customizable Metal Micromesh Electrode Enabling Flexible Transparent Zn‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with High Energy Density
Authors: Zhang Guanhua , Liu Xiuxue , Liu Huaizhi , Wang Xiaohu , Duan Fuqing , Yu Huihuang , Nie Zeqi , Wei Donghai , Zhang Yapeng , Pan Huihuang , Duan Huigao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEmerging flexible and wearable electronic products are placing a compelling demand on lightweight transparent energy storage devices. Owing to their distinguishing features of safety, high specific energy, cycling stability, and rapid charge/discharge advantages, Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors are a current topic of discussion. However, the trade‐off for optical transmittance and energy density remains a great challenge. Here, a high‐performance Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitor based on the customizable ultrathin (5 µm), ultralight (0.45 mg cm−2), and ultra‐transparent (87.6%) Ni micromesh based cathode and Zn micromesh anode with the highest figure of merit (84 843) is proposed. The developed flexible transparent Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors reveal excellent cycle stability (no decline after 20 000 cycles), high areal energy density (31.69 µWh cm−2), and high power density (512 µW cm−2). In addition, the assembled solid flexible and transparent Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitor with polyacrylamide gel electrolyte shows extraordinary mechanical properties even under extreme bending and twisting operation. Furthermore, the full device displays a high optical transmittance over 55.04% and can be conformally integrated with diverse devices as a flexible transparent power supply. The fabrication technology offers seamless compatibility with industrial manufacturing, making it an ideal model for the advancement of portable and wearable devices.
An Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Containing Resveratrol and Dexamethasone‐Loaded Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Microspheres for the Regeneration of Osteoporotic Bone Defects
Authors: Li Jianan , Li Lang , Wu Tingkui , Shi Kun , Bei Zhongwu , Wang Meng , Chu Bingyang , Xu Keqi , Pan Meng , Li Yicong , Hu Xulin , Zhang Linghong , Qu Ying , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBone defects in osteoporosis usually present excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), abnormal inflammation levels, irregular shapes and impaired bone regeneration ability; therefore, osteoporotic bone defects are difficult to repair. In this study, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel poly (D, L‐lactide)‐poly (ethylene glycol)‐ poly (D, L‐lactide) (PLEL) system containing resveratrol (Res) and dexamethasone (DEX) is designed to create a microenvironment conducive to osteogenesis in osteoporotic bone defects. This PLEL hydrogel is injected and filled irregular defect areas and achieving a rapid sol‐gel transition in situ. Res has a strong anti‐inflammatory effects that can effectively remove excess free radicals at the damaged site, guide macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype, and regulate immune responses. Additionally, DEX can promote osteogenic differentiation. In vitro experiments showed that the hydrogel effectively promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, removed excess intracellular ROS, and regulated macrophage polarization to reduce inflammatory responses. In vivo experiments showed that the hydrogel promoted osteoporotic bone defect regeneration and modulated immune responses. Overall, this study confirmed that the hydrogel can treat osteoporotic bone defects by synergistically modulating bone damage microenvironment, alleviating inflammatory responses, and promoting osteogenesis; thus, it represents a promising drug delivery strategy to repair osteoporotic bone defects.
Dynamic Homogenization of Internal Strain in Multi‐Principal Element Alloy via High‐Concentration Doping of Oxygen with Large Mobility
Authors: Song Yajing , Zhang Bozhao , Li Tianxin , Fu Xiaoqian , Zou Jiawei , Chen Yujie , Fang Yan , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Lu Yiping , Yang Guang , Liu Suya , Wang Haifeng , Ding Jun , Yu Qian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInternal strain and its distribution within the crystal lattice play crucial roles in modulating dislocation activities, thereby affecting mechanical properties of materials. Through the synergistic application of integrated differential phase contrast, in situ transmission electron microscopy characterizations, and computational simulations, a method is unveiled for homogenizing dislocation pinning in NiCoCr multi‐principal element alloy (MPEA) through the introduction of a high concentration of oxygen atoms with high diffusion mobility. The doping of massive oxygen atoms creates a high density of strong local pinning points for dislocation motion. Notably, oxygen interstitials exhibit remarkable diffusion and mobility across different octahedral and tetrahedral sites within the distorted crystal lattice of NiCoCrO alloy, even at room temperature. The capability allows for the release of severe stress concentrations arising from dislocation entanglement and the establishment of new strong local pinning points at alternative locations in a uniform way, enabling the material with high strength and outstanding deformability. These findings suggest that interstitial atoms can exhibit significant mobility, even at ambient temperature, in complex MPEAs with spreading lattice distortion, opening new possibilities for dislocation engineering.
Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by High‐Performance Serum Metabolic Fingerprints: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Yida , Yang Haijun , Li Junkuo , Wang Fuqiang , Liu Wanshan , Liu Yiwen , Wang Ruimin , Duan Lijuan , Wu Jiao , Gao Zhaowei , Cao Jing , Bian Fang , Zhang Juxiang , Zhao Fang , Yang Shouzhi , Cao Shasha , Yang Aihua , Wang Xueliang , Geng Mingfei , Hao Anlin , Li Jian , Cao Jianwei , Li Chaowei , Zhang Zheyuan , Zhang Ning , Huang Yanlin , Zhang Yaowen , Qian Kun , Zhou Fuyou 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy, and timely diagnosis of ESCC contributes to an increased cancer survival rate. However, current detection methods for ESCC mainly rely on endoscopic examination, limited by a relatively low participation rate. Herein, ferric‐particle‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (FPELDI MS) is utilized to record the serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) from a retrospective cohort (523 non‐ESCC participants and 462 ESCC patients) to build diagnostic models toward ESCC. The PFELDI MS achieved high speed (≈30 s per sample), desirable reproducibility (coefficients of variation < 15%), and high throughput (985 samples with ≈124 200 data points for each spectrum). Desirable diagnostic performance with area‐under‐the‐curves (AUCs) of 0.925–0.966 is obtained through machine learning of SMFs. Further, a metabolic biomarker panel is constructed, exhibiting superior diagnostic sensitivity (72.2–79.4%, p < 0.05) as compared with clinical protein biomarker tests (4.3–22.9%). Notably, the biomarker panel afforded an AUC of 0.844 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.806–0.880) toward early ESCC diagnosis. This work highlighted the potential of metabolic analysis for accurate screening and early detection of ESCC and offered insights into the metabolic characterization of diseases including but not limited to ESCC.
Coupling wind LiDAR fixed and volumetric scans for enhanced characterization of wind turbulence and flow three‐dimensionality
Authors: Puccioni Matteo , Moss Coleman , Iungo Giacomo Valerio 
Published: October 2023

SummaryOver the last decades, pulsed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) anemometry has gained growing attention in probing the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) due to its ease of use combined with compelling spatio‐temporal resolution. Among several scanning strategies, fixed scans represent the most prominent choice when high‐frequency resolution is required; however, no information is provided about the spatial heterogeneity of the wind field. On the other hand, volumetric scans allow for the characterization of the spatial variability of the wind field with much lower temporal resolution than fixed scans. In this work, the recently developed “LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis” (LiSBOA) algorithm for the optimal design of LiDAR scans and retrieval of wind velocity statistics is tailored for applications in the MABL. The LiDAR data, collected during a recent experimental campaign over Lake Lavon in Texas, show a good consistency of mean velocity profiles between fixed and LiSBOA‐interpolated volumetric data, thus further encouraging the use of coupled fixed and volumetric scans for simultaneous characterizations of wind turbulence statistics along the vertical direction and volumetric heterogeneity of the wind field.
Quantum decoherence and relaxation in long-baseline neutrino data
Authors: Gomes A. L. G. , Gomes R. A. , Peres O. L. G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the effect of quantum decoherence and relaxation in neutrino oscillations using MINOS and T2K data. The formalism of open quantum systems is used to describe the interaction of a neutrino system with the environment, where the strength of the interaction is regulated by a decoherence parameter Γ. We assume an energy dependence parameterized by Γ = γ0(E/GeV)n, with n = −2, 0, +2, and consider three different scenarios, allowing the investigation of the effect of relaxation and of constraining the solar and atmospheric sectors to the same decoherence parameter. The MINOS and T2K data present a complementary behavior, with regard to our theoretical model, resulting in a better sensitivity for n = +2 and n = −2, respectively. We perform a combined analyses of both experimental data, which also include a reactor constraint on sin2θ13, and observe an independence of the results to the scenarios we investigate. Our analyses obtain limits on γ0 based on long-baseline data for scenarios allowing or not relaxation. We improve some previous bounds on γ0 and outline which data (solar, reactor, atmospheric, long-baseline) determine the more stringent constraints for different scenarios and energy dependencies.
Beyond islands: a free probabilistic approach
Authors: Wang Jinzhao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We give a free probabilistic proposal to compute the fine-grained radiation entropy for an arbitrary bulk radiation state, in the context of the Penington-Shenker-Stanford-Yang (PSSY) model where the gravitational path integral can be implemented with full control. We observe that the replica trick gravitational path integral is combinatorially matching the free multiplicative convolution between the spectra of the gravitational sector and the matter sector respectively. The convolution formula computes the radiation entropy accurately even in cases when the island formula fails to apply. It also helps to justify this gravitational replica trick as a soluble Hausdorff moment problem. We then work out how the free convolution formula can be evaluated using free harmonic analysis, which also gives a new free probabilistic treatment of resolving the separable sample covariance matrix spectrum.The free convolution formula suggests that the quantum information encoded in competing quantum extremal surfaces can be modelled as free random variables in a finite von Neumann algebra. Using the close tie between free probability and random matrix theory, we show that the PSSY model can be described as a random matrix model that is essentially a generalization of Page’s model. It is then manifest that the island formula is only applicable when the convolution factorizes in regimes characterized by the one-shot entropies. We further show that the convolution formula can be reorganized to a generalized entropy formula in terms of the relative entropy.
The phenomenology of quadratically coupled ultra light dark matter
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Perez Gilad , Safronova Marianna , Savoray Inbar , Shalit Aviv 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We discuss models of ultralight scalar Dark Matter (DM) with linear and quadratic couplings to the Standard Model (SM). In addition to studying the phenomenology of linear and quadratic interactions separately, we examine their interplay. We review the different experiments that can probe such interactions and present the current and expected future bounds on the parameter space. In particular, we discuss the scalar field solution presented in [A. Hees, O. Minazzoli, E. Savalle, Y. V. Stadnik and P. Wolf, Phys.Rev.D 98 (2018) 6, 064051], and extend it to theories that capture both the linear and the quadratic couplings of the Dark Matter (DM) field to the Standard Model (SM). Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical aspects and the corresponding challenges for natural models in which the quadratic interactions are of phenomenological importance.
D-type minimal conformal matter: quantum curves, elliptic Garnier systems, and the 5d descendants
Authors: Chen Jin , Lü Yongchao , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the quantization of the 6d Seiberg-Witten curve for D-type minimal conformal matter theories compactified on a two-torus. The quantized 6d curve turns out to be a difference equation established via introducing codimension two and four surface defects. We show that, in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit, the 6d partition function with insertions of codimension two and four defects serve as the eigenfunction and eigenvalues of the difference equation, respectively. We further identify the quantum curve of D-type minimal conformal matters with an elliptic Garnier system recently studied in the integrability community. At last, as a concrete consequence of our elliptic quantum curve, we study its RG flows to obtain various quantum curves of 5d Sp(N) + Nf F, Nf ≤ 2N + 5 theories.