bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site‐specific familial aggregation of prostate cancer
Authors: Verhage Bas A.J. , Aben Katja K.H. , Witjes J. Alfred , Straatman Huub , Schalken Jack A. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractOver the last decade, epidemiologic evidence has accumulated in favor of a significant but heterogeneous hereditary component in prostate cancer (PC) susceptibility. In order to map and clone PC susceptibility genes, stratification of PC families into genetically homogeneous groups appears to be a key issue. Subset definition based on age at diagnosis, presumed mode of inheritance, number of affecteds per family and coaggregation of PC with other cancers has already proven successful in some studies. Previously, the finding of the coaggregation of malignancies of the central nervous system within PC families helped to link a prostate‐brain cancer susceptibility gene (CAPB) to chromosome 1p36. In this study, we evaluate the risk of PC and malignancies at other sites among first‐degree relatives of a large population‐based group of Dutch PC patients. A population‐based family case‐control study was initiated that included Caucasian PC patients newly diagnosed between July 1996 and December 1999. Information on 12,575 first‐degree relatives of 704 PC patients and 1,371 controls was collected through postal questionnaires and telephone interviews. All reported PC in first‐degree relatives was verified through medical records. In our population, PC has a strong familial component that is reflected by a 2.9‐fold increased risk (95% CI = 2.2–3.9) of PC for first‐degree relatives of PC patients. This familial risk was somewhat higher among brothers (hazard ratio = 3.9; 95% CI = 2.4–6.4) compared to fathers (hazard ratio = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.7–3.6). Cancers at other sites did not coaggregate with PC. Our data suggest that familial PC, at least in this Western European population, is site‐specific, not part of an inherited cancer syndrome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smoking, drinking and colorectal cancer in Hong Kong Chinese: A case‐control study
Authors: Ho Judy Wai‐Chu , Lam Tai‐Hing , Tse Chun‐Wah , Chiu Leo Kai‐Ming , Lam Hoi‐San , Leung Pik‐Fung , Ng Ka‐Chun , Ho Sai‐Yin , Woo Jean , Leung Sophie Suk‐Fong , Yuen Siu‐Tsan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractExpert opinions differ on the causal role of cigarettes and alcohol in colorectal cancer. This study investigates such associations in Hong Kong Chinese. A hospital‐based case‐control study was conducted from April 1998 to March 2000. Newly diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma and sex‐ and age‐matched inpatient controls without gastrointestinal and malignant conditions were included. Structured interviews were conducted using a validated questionnaire to study any association of smoking, drinking and the lifelong extent of such exposures with colorectal cancer risk. We successfully interviewed 822 cases and 926 controls. Current regular cigarette smokers had an increased rectal cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.001–2.06). Increasing tertiles of smoking duration in ever smokers was also associated with increased rectal cancer risk (p trend = 0.038). An increased risk of colorectal cancer was found in current drinkers (adjusted OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.09–1.85) and in those who drank ≥ 4 days (current and ex‐drinkers) or > 4 units (ever and ex‐drinkers) weekly. Moreover, colorectal cancer risk was found to decrease with increasing duration of drinking abstention (p trend = 0.006). This is the first report of a positive association between cigarette smoking and rectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Current drinkers and those who drank regularly and heavily had increased colorectal cancer risk. Moreover, this study is the first to show that drinking cessation could be effective in reversing such increased risk in a duration‐dependent manner. These new findings are important for cancer prevention and healthcare promotion. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of in vitro angiogenesis by 2‐methoxy‐ and 2‐ethyl‐estrogen sulfamates
Authors: Newman Simon P. , Leese Mathew P. , Purohit Atul , James David R.C. , Rennie Catherine E. , Potter Barry V.L. , Reed Michael J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSulfamoylation of 2‐methoxyestrone (2‐MeOE1) was shown previously to enhance its potency as an anti‐proliferative agent against breast cancer cells. We have examined the ability of a series of 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐MeOE2) and 2‐ethylestradiol (2‐EtE2) sulfamates to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. 2‐MeOE2 bis‐sulfamate and 2‐EtE2 sulfamate were potent inhibitors of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation with IC50 values of 0.05 μM and 0.01 μM, respectively. A novel co‐culture system, in which endothelial cells were cultured in a matrix of human dermal fibroblasts, was also used to assess the anti‐angiogenic potential of these drugs. In this system endothelial cells proliferate and migrate through the culture matrix to form tubule structures. Whereas 2‐MeOE2 (1.0 μM) caused a small reduction in tubule formation, both 2‐MeOE2 bis‐sulfamate (0.1 μM) and 2‐EtE2 sulfamate (0.1 μM) almost completely abolished tubule formation. 2‐MeOE2 bis‐sulfamate and 2‐EtE2 sulfamate both induced BCL‐2 phosphorylation, p53 protein expression and apoptosis in HUVECs. Microarray analysis of a limited number of genes known to be involved in the angiogenic process did not show any gross changes in cells treated with the 2‐substituted estrogens. The sulfamoylated derivatives of 2‐MeOE2 and 2‐EtE2 are potent inhibitors of in vitro angiogenesis and both compounds should have therapeutic potential. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotoxicity assessment of oxirane‐based dental monomers in mammalian cells
Authors: Kostoryz Elisabet L. , Wetmore Lori A. , Brockmann William G. , Yourtee David M. , Eick J. David 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe potential use of oxirane (epoxy) monomers in dental composite development raises the concern to test their genetic safety. Oxiranes can interact with DNA resulting in DNA damage, mutations, and possibly carcinogenesis. Our objective was to evaluate DNA damage and cell‐cycle disruption in mammalian cells after exposure to epoxy monomers. The experimental oxiranes were Araldite™ GY 281, Cyracure™ UVR 6105 and 1,3‐dioxane‐2,2′‐1,3‐dioxane‐5′,4′‐bicyclo[4.1.0] heptane (DECHE‐TOSU). L929 fibroblast cells were incubated with the monomer for 7 and 24 h at 37°C/5% CO2. After incubation, cells were subjected to DNA damage alkaline unwinding assay and flow cytometry cell‐cycle analysis. Lack of DNA damage and cell‐cycle effects were observed with DECHE‐TOSU. Exposure to subtoxic doses of Araldite™ GY 281 or Cyracure™ UVR 6105 caused DNA damage and cell cycle disruption. A significant (p < 0.01) effect for Araldite™ GY 281 was observed with cell populations in G1 and G2/M when compared to DMSO solvent control. Similar comparisons revealed significant differences in G2/M cell cycle population after 24‐h exposure to 100 μM Cyracure™ UVR 6105. For comparison, BISGMA was evaluated to produce DNA damage but without cell‐cycle effects suggesting DNA repair mechanisms were effective. Our findings with DECHE‐TOSU, Araldite™ GY 281 and Cyracure™ UVR 6105 indicated cell‐cycle disruption followed DNA damage. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 660–667, 2004
Effect of soft‐segment chemistry on polyurethane biostability during in vitro fatigue loading
Authors: Wiggins Michael J. , MacEwan Matt , Anderson James M. , Hiltner Anne 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe effect of soft‐segment chemistry on biostability of polyurethane elastomers was studied with a diaphragm‐type film specimen under conditions of static and dynamic loading. During testing, the films were exposed to an H2O2/CoCl2 solution, which simulated the oxidative component of the in vivo environment. Films treated for up to 24 days were evaluated by IR spectroscopy and by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Biostability of a poly(ether urethane) (PEU), which is known to undergo oxidative degradation, was compared with biostability of a poly(carbonate urethane) (PCU), which is thought to be more resistant to oxidation than PEU. Materials similar to PEU and PCU, in which the polyether or polycarbonate soft segment was partially replaced with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), were also tested with the expectation that PDMS would improve soft‐segment biostability. Oxidative degradation of the polyether soft segment of PEU was manifest chemically as chain scission and cross‐linking and physically as surface pitting. Biaxial fatigue accelerated chemical degradation of PEU and eventually caused brittle stress cracking. In comparison, the polycarbonate soft segment was more stable to oxidation; there was minimal chemical or physical degradation of PCU, even in biaxial fatigue. Partial substitution of the polyether soft segment with PDMS enhanced oxidative stability of PEU. Although both strategies for modifying soft‐segment chemistry improved the resistance to oxidative degradation, the outstanding mechanical properties of PEU were compromised to some extent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 668–683, 2004
Effect of water structure on blood compatibility— thermal analysis of water in poly(meth)acrylate
Authors: Tanaka Masaru , Mochizuki Akira 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to clarify the main factor causing excellent blood compatibility of poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate)(PMEA) by the comparison between PMEA and seven PMEA analogous polymers. The polymers have a typical functional group as ester side chains such as methoxyethyl, hydroxyethyl, phenoxyethyl, and alkyl groups. The properties of the polymers relating to water were investigated in terms of contact angle, equilibrium water content (EWC), and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry. The water in PMEA could be classified into three types: nonfreezing water, freezing bound water, and free water while the water in the analogous polymers was classified into just two types: free and nonfreezing waters, regardless of the chemical structure of the side chain. The surface property represented by the contact angle of water corresponded to the content of the bound water (nonfreezing water + freezing bound water). The platelet compatibility in vitro did not depend on the contents of these waters, or on the contact angle. On the basis of the results of this work and the previous work on the platelet compatibility of poly(MEA‐co‐HEMA) (Tanaka et al. Biomacromolecules 2002;3;36–41), the main factor causing the excellent compatibility of PMEA is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 684–695, 2004
Overestimating hybrid layer quality in polished adhesive/dentin interfaces
Authors: Wang Yong , Spencer Paulette 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe most popular techniques for determining the quality of the hybrid layer (HL) have relied on morphologic characterization of the polished adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfaces before and after acid‐bleach chemical treatment. Using these techniques, the existence of smooth, acid‐resistant layers has been consistently reported for most adhesive systems. The purpose of this study was to determine whether popular specimen preparation techniques that include polishing and acid‐bleach treatment modify the a/d interface, mask the complexity of the HL, and lead to inaccurate assessment of the quality of the HL. To understand the impact of specimen preparation techniques on the morphology of the resin–dentin interface, polished and unpolished specimens from the same tooth were closely compared after different acid‐bleach chemical treatment procedures. Two one‐bottle adhesives, that is, 3M Single Bond and Pulpdent UNO, exhibiting distinct differences in hydrophilic/hydrophobic composition, were used in this investigation. Using specimens from the same tooth, the effect of chemical treatments on the morphology of the resin–dentin interdiffusion zone and the differences in the morphology of polished and unpolished specimens after these same treatments were studied with scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that conventional specimen preparation techniques that include polishing and acid‐bleach treatment can adversely affect and even obscure the structural detail of the a/d interface in specimens that possess a porous HL. The results indicated that the Pulpdent UNO/dentin interface had better quality than the 3M Single Bond/dentin interface. The difference in the quality of HL can be attributed to factors such as compositional differences that impact the adhesive interaction with water, that is present within the substrate during wet bonding. The inability of the conventional acid‐bleach procedure to reveal the differences in the scanning electron microscopy interfacial morphology was overcome in this investigation by using a multistep technique. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 735–746, 2004
Comparison of bone graft matrices for human mesenchymal stem cell‐directed osteogenesis
Authors: Harris C. T. , Cooper L. F. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractScaffolds to support cell‐based tissue engineering are critical determinants of clinical efforts to regenerate and repair the body. Bone tissue engineering requires materials that are biocompatible, well vascularized, mechanically suited for bone function, integrated with the host skeleton, and support osteoinduction of the implanted cells that form new bone. The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of bone marrow‐derived, culture expanded human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adherent to different scaffolds composed of various calcium phosphates. Cells were loaded onto 2 × 2 mm cubes of coral calcium carbonate‐derived apatite, bovine bone‐derived apatite, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (60:40%), or synthetic HA/TCP (20:80%) and placed into the dorsum of SCID mice for 5 weeks. Subsequent histomorphometric analysis of bone formation within the cubes revealed the absence of bone formation within the coral‐derived apatite and the bovine bone‐derived apatite. Bone formation within synthetic HA/TCP scaffolds was measured to be 8.8% (±2.7%) and 13.8% (±3.6%) of the total tissue present for the 60:40% and 20:80% materials, respectively. Minimal resorption was observed at this early time point. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of loaded scaffolds indicates that cell loading was not a variable affecting the different bone formation outcomes in these four scaffolds. In this ectopic model, different apatite‐containing scaffolds of similar morphology and porosity demonstrated marked differences in their ability to support osteoinduction by implanted hMSCs. The necessary induction of hMSCs along the osteoblastic lineage may be dependent, in part, on the local microenvironment established by the scaffold chemistry and interactions with the host. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 747–755, 2004
The effect of superoxide dismutase deficiency on cadmium stress
Authors: Adamis Paula D. B. , Gomes Débora Silva , Pereira Marcos Dias , de Mesquita Joelma Freire , Pinto Maria Lucia Couto C. , Panek Anita D. , Eleutherio Elis C. A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains deficient in superoxide dismutase (Sod), an antioxidant enzyme, were used to analyze cadmium absorption and the oxidation produced by it. Cells lacking the cytosolic Sod1 removed twice as much cadmium as the control strain, while those deficient in the mitochondrial Sod2 exhibited poor metal absorption. Interestingly, the sod1 mutant did not become more oxidized after exposure to cadmium, as opposed to the control strain. We observed that the deficiency of Sod1 increases the expression of both Cup1 (a metallothionein) and Ycf1 (a vacuolar glutathione S‐conjugate pump), proteins involved with protection against cadmium. Furthermore, when sod1 cells were exposed to cadmium, the ratio glutathione oxidized/glutathione reduced did not increase as expected. We propose that a high level of metallothionein expression would relieve glutathione under cadmium stress, while an increased level of Ycf1 expression would favor compartmentalization of this metal into the vacuole. Both conditions would reduce the level of glutathione‐cadmium complex in cytosol, contributing to the high capacity of absorbing cadmium by the sod1 strain. Previous results showed that the glutathione‐cadmium complex regulates cadmium uptake. These results indicate that, even indirectly, metallothionein also regulates cadmium transport. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:12–17, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20000
Protein expression pattern of P–glycoprotein along the gastrointestinal tract of the yucatan micropig
Authors: Tang Huadong , Pak Yvonne , Mayersohn Michael 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to characterize the distribution pattern of P–gp protein levels along the entire GI tract in the Yucatan micropig, which is being developed as a model for human drug bioavailability. Small and large intestines were freshly obtained and divided into about 37 segments and 10 segments, respectively (ca., 1 foot/segment). Epithelial cells from the small intestine were obtained by an elution method; whereas, a scraping method was applied to the large intestine. Total cellular protein was isolated from the epithelial cells. Western blot analysis using P–gp antibody showed that the amount of P–gp protein increased distally from the duodenum to the ileum over approximately a 10–fold range. P–gp protein in the large intestine was present at a higher level in the central portion, but the absolute amount was much less than what was found in the small intestine. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:18–22, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20001
Organophosphorous and organochlorine pesticides affect human placental phosphoinositides metabolism and PI‐4 kinase activity
Authors: Souza María S. , de Potas Gladis Magnarelli , de D'Angelo Ana M. Pechén 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe objective of this work was to describe the effect of organophosphorous and organochlorine pesticides on phosphoinositides metabolism in human placenta. Pesticides concentration (10 μM) was used for in vitro incubations of cell‐free homogenates labelled with 32P orthophosphate. Heptachlor (HC) and dichloro‐diphenyl‐trichloroethane (o‐p′ DDT) increased phosphatidyl‐inositol, phosphatidylinositolphosphate, and phosphatidyl‐inositolbiphosphate phosphorylation while azinphosmethyl (AM) increased phosphatidylinositolbiphosphate labeling. Decreased 32P incorporation in phosphatidylinositol was found with phosmet (PM), AM, and chlorpyriphos (CHL).The effects of these xenobiotics on PI4‐kinase activity using different subcellular fractions were also examined. Both type of pesticides affected the postmembrane supernatant enzyme activity. A biphasic effect on membrane and nuclear PI4‐kinase activity was seen with HC. The strongest effect found was seen with o‐p′ DDT in nuclear kinase activity while substantial changes were also observed in membrane.These data demonstrate the sensitivity of human placental PI4‐kinase to pesticides currently found in human tissues and suggest deleterious consequences in different processes regulated by 4‐phosphoinositides. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:30–36, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20003
Differential oxidant potential of carcinogenic and weakly carcinogenic estrogens: Involvement of metabolic activation and cytochrome P450
Authors: Patel Molini M. , Bhat Hari K. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDifferent estrogens vary in their carcinogenic potential despite having similar hormonal potencies; however, mechanisms of estrogen‐induced carcinogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. It has been hypothesized that generation of reactive estrogen‐quinones and oxidative stress, both of which result from metabolic activation of estrogens, play an essential role in estrogen‐induced carcinogenesis. This hypothesis was tested using the estrogen‐receptor (ER)‐α‐positive hamster kidney tumor (H301) and the human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. Estrogens with differing carcinogenic potentials were compared in terms of their capacities to induce 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (8− iso‐PGF2α), a marker of oxidative stress. Tumor cells were treated with either 17β‐estradiol (E2), a carcinogenic estrogen or 17‐α‐ethinylestradiol (EE), a weakly‐carcinogenic estrogen. Tumor cells were also treated with α‐naphthoflavone, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, or a combination of α‐naphthoflavone and E2 to study the effect of metabolic activation of E2 on E2‐induced oxidative stress. H301 cells treated with E2 displayed time‐ and dose‐dependent increases in 8‐iso‐PGF2α, compared to controls; treatment with 10 nM E2 resulted in a maximal 4‐fold induction following 48 h of treatment. In contrast, H301 cells treated with EE did not display an increase in 8‐iso‐PGF2α compared with controls. In H301 cells cotreated with α‐naphthoflavone and E2, α‐naphthoflavone inhibited the E2‐induced increase in 8‐iso‐PGF2α. These data indicate that a carcinogenic estrogen shows strong oxidant potential, whereas a weakly‐carcinogenic estrogen shows poor oxidant potential. Furthermore, inhibiting metabolic activation of a carcinogenic estrogen blocks its oxidant potential. Our data support the hypothesis that metabolic activation and subsequent generation of oxidative stress may play critical roles in estrogen‐induced carcinogenesis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:37–42, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20005
Cost and performance management tactics used by learning organizations
Authors: Stenzel Catherine , Stenzel Joe 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn learning organizations, people continuously learn better ways to deliver a product or service; they then
immediately transfer their new learning insights into the process. It's a virtuous circle: Smarter people build
smarter processes that produce better products and services, and so on. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
Predictive accounting
Authors: Brimson Jim , Antos John 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAccounting is designed to meet fiduciary requirements rather than give transparency to operational
performance. This is a weakness that dooms the current accounting model to be largely irrelevant. If
Enron's off‐balance‐sheet investments had proved successful, we would never have heard of
Enron's accounting practices. Only during a performance crisis are accounting practices scrutinized. The
reason is simple: There is very little reason to bend accounting rules when performance is excellent, but there
are many reasons to take advantage of flexible accounting rules when performance degrades. © 2004
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why there are no longer valid excuses to avoid ABC
Authors: Barrett Richard 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA couple of years ago commissioning an activity‐based costing (ABC) project could have meant
armies of cost accountants locking themselves away in darkened rooms for months on end before any meaningful
results were generated, only to have them summarily dismissed by line managers as being out of date and
unreliable. Here we attempt to dispel this common misconception about ABC and reassess its value and exactly
what constitutes best practice today. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Achieving management success
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Godwin Joseph H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMarash, Stanley A. (with Paul Berman and Michael Flynn). 2003, Fusion Management: Harnessing
the Power of Six Sigma, Lean, ISO 9001:2000, Malcolm Baldrige, TQM and Other Quality Breakthroughs of the
Past Century (Fairfax, VA: QSU Publishing).Thull, Jeff. 2003, Mastering the Complex Sale: How to Compete and Win When the Stakes Are
High! (New York: John Wiley & Sons).