bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide expression and action in the reproductive system of the starfish Asterias rubens
Authors: Piñon Gonzalez Victor M. , Feng Yuling , Egertová Michaela , Elphick Maurice R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReproductive processes are regulated by a variety of neuropeptides in vertebrates and invertebrates. In starfish (phylum Echinodermata), relaxin‐like gonad‐stimulating peptide triggers oocyte maturation and spawning. However, little is known about other neuropeptides as potential regulators of reproduction in starfish. To address this issue, here, we used histology and immunohistochemistry to analyze the reproductive system of the starfish Asterias rubens at four stages of the seasonal reproductive cycle in male and female animals, investigating the expression of eight neuropeptides: the corticotropin‐releasing hormone‐type neuropeptide ArCRH, the calcitonin‐type neuropeptide ArCT, the pedal peptide‐type neuropeptides ArPPLN1b and ArPPLN2h, the vasopressin/ocytocin‐type neuropeptide asterotocin, the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐type neuropeptide ArGnRH, and the somatostatin/allatostatin‐C‐type neuropeptides ArSS1 and ArSS2. The expression of five neuropeptides, ArCRH, ArCT, ArPPLN1b, ArPPLN2h, and asterotocin, was detected in the gonoducts and/or gonads. For example, extensive ArPPLN2h expression was revealed in the coelomic epithelial layer of the gonads throughout the seasonal reproductive cycle in both males and females. However, seasonal and/or sexual differences in the patterns of neuropeptide expression were also observed. Informed by these findings, the in vitro pharmacological effects of neuropeptides on gonad preparations from male and female starfish were investigated. This revealed that ArSS1 causes gonadal contraction and that ArPPLN2h causes gonadal relaxation, with both neuropeptides being more effective on ovaries than testes. Collectively, these findings indicate that multiple neuropeptide signaling systems are involved in the regulation of reproductive function in starfish, with some neuropeptides exerting excitatory or inhibitory effects on gonad contractility that may be physiologically relevant when gametes are expelled during spawning.
Comparative analyses of the Smith−Magenis syndrome protein RAI1 in mice and common marmoset monkeys
Authors: Chang Ya‐Ting , Lee Yu‐Ju , Haque Minza , Chang Hao‐Cheng , Javed Sehrish , Lin Yu Cheng , Cho Yoobin , Abramovitz Joseph , Chin Gabriella , Khamis Asma , Raja Reesha , Murai Keith K. , Huang Wei‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRetinoic acid‐induced 1 (RAI1) encodes a transcriptional regulator critical for brain development and function. RAI1 haploinsufficiency in humans causes a syndromic autism spectrum disorder known as Smith−Magenis syndrome (SMS). The neuroanatomical distribution of RAI1 has not been quantitatively analyzed during the development of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region critical for cognitive function and social behaviors and commonly implicated in autism spectrum disorders, including SMS. Here, we performed comparative analyses to uncover the evolutionarily convergent and divergent expression profiles of RAI1 in major cell types during prefrontal cortex maturation in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) and mice (Mus musculus). We found that while RAI1 in both species is enriched in neurons, the percentage of excitatory neurons that express RAI1 is higher in newborn mice than in newborn marmosets. By contrast, RAI1 shows similar neural distribution in adult marmosets and adult mice. In marmosets, RAI1 is expressed in several primate‐specific cell types, including intralaminar astrocytes and MEIS2‐expressing prefrontal GABAergic neurons. At the molecular level, we discovered that RAI1 forms a protein complex with transcription factor 20 (TCF20), PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14), and high mobility group 20A (HMG20A) in the marmoset brain. In vitro assays in human cells revealed that TCF20 regulates RAI1 protein abundance. This work demonstrates that RAI1 expression and protein interactions are largely conserved but with some unique expression in primate‐specific cells. The results also suggest that altered RAI1 abundance could contribute to disease features in disorders caused by TCF20 dosage imbalance.
Tuning (Anti)Aromaticity: Variations on the [8]‐Circulene Framework
Authors: Fowler Patrick W , Anstöter Cate S 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic properties of organic molecules are underpinned by delocalisation and delocalisability of π‐electrons. These properties are sensitive to small changes in electron count, whether achieved by heteroatom substitution or redox chemistry. One measure of the delocalisability of π‐electrons is the current induced by an external magnetic field, which is diagnostic of (anti)aromaticity. The ab initio ipsocentric method is used here to model diverse ring‐current patterns in the family of [8]‐circulenes based on tetracyclopenta[def,jkl,pqr,vwx]tetraphenylene (TCPTP), in different charge states, with disjoint hetero‐atom substitution, and with CC units systematically replaced by BN pairs. Maps calculated at the CHF/CTOCD‐DZ2/6‐31G** level reveal that these modifications of the TCPTP framework access the full range of possibilities for current from concentric global circulations (typically counter rotating) to full (non‐aromatic) localisation. In the ipsocentric approach, induced current density is partitioned into robust orbital contributions that obey selection rules based on orbital symmetry, energy and nodal character. The selection rules are applied here to interpret current‐density and exploit insights gained from simpler models to suggest design strategies for fine‐tuning of π‐delocalisability (aromaticity and antiaromaticity) in macrocyclic frameworks.
Local Structure in Disordered Melilite Revealed by Ultrahigh Field 71Ga and 139La Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Corti Lucia , Hung Ivan , Venkatesh Amrit , Gor'kov Peter L. , Gan Zhehong , Claridge John B. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. , Blanc Frédéric 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultinuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei at ultrahigh magnetic field provides compelling insight into the short‐range structure in a family of fast oxide ion electrolytes with La1+xSr1‐xGa3O7+0.5x melilite structure. The striking resolution enhancement in the solid‐state 71Ga NMR spectra measured with the world's unique series connected hybrid magnet operating at 35.2 T distinctly resolves Ga sites in four‐ and five‐fold coordination environments. Detection of five‐coordinate Ga centers in the site‐disordered La1.54Sr0.46Ga3O7.27 melilite is critical given that the GaO5 unit accommodates interstitial oxide ions and provides excellent transport properties. This work highlights the importance of ultrahigh magnetic fields for the detection of otherwise broad spectral features in systems containing quadrupolar nuclei and the potential of ensemble‐based computational approaches for the interpretation of NMR data acquired for site‐disordered materials.
Paving the road towards automated homogeneous catalyst design
Authors: Kalikadien Adarsh V. , Mirza Adrian , Hossaini Aydin Najl , Sreenithya Avadakkam , Pidko Evgeny A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, computational tools have become integral to catalyst design. They continue to offer significant support to experimental organic synthesis and catalysis researchers aiming for optimal reaction outcomes. More recently, data‐driven approaches utilizing machine learning have garnered considerable attention for their expansive capabilities. This Perspective provides an overview of diverse initiatives in the realm of computational catalyst design and introduces our automated tools tailored for high‐throughput in silico exploration of the chemical space. While valuable insights are gained through methods for high‐throughput in silico exploration and analysis of chemical space, their degree of automation and modularity are key. We argue that the integration of data‐driven, automated and modular workflows is key to enhancing homogeneous catalyst design on an unprecedented scale, contributing to the advancement of catalysis research.
Cultivation and Genomic DNA Extraction of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Pariseau Drew A. , Ring Brooke E. , Khadka Saroj , Mike Laura A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped bacterium of medical significance. It typically exists as part of the normal flora of the human intestine but can cause severe infections in the healthcare setting due to its rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Cultivating and extracting genomic DNA from this bacterium is crucial for downstream characterization and comparative analyses. To provide a standardized approach for growing K. pneumoniae in the laboratory setting, this collection of protocols provides step‐by‐step procedures for routine culturing, generating growth curves, storing bacteria, and extracting genomic DNA. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Reviving K. pneumoniae from frozen stocksBasic Protocol 2: Cultivating K. pneumoniae in rich growth mediumAlternate Protocol: Cultivating in minimal liquid growth mediumBasic Protocol 3: Enumerating K. pneumoniae colony forming unitsBasic Protocol 4: Growth curvesBasic Protocol 5: Genomic DNA extractionBasic Protocol 6: Characterizing K. pneumoniae strains based on genomic sequenceBasic Protocol 7: Storage of K. pneumoniae frozen stocks in glycerolBasic Protocol 8: Storage of K. pneumoniae in agar stabs
Organic‐inorganic hybrid material for hole transport in inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tingare Yogesh S. , Su Chaochin , Hsu Ya‐Chun , Lai Ning‐Wei , Wang Wan‐Chun , Lin Xiang‐Ching , Lai Penh‐Wen , Yang Hsuan‐Yu , Lew Xin‐Rui , Li Wen‐Ren 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHole mobility is critical to the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Organic small‐molecule hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) have attracted considerable interest in PSCs due to their structural flexibility and operational durability, but they suffer from modest hole mobility. On the other hand, inorganic HTMs with good hole mobility are inflexible in structural variation and exhibit unsatisfactory cell efficiency. In this study, a ligand BT28 and its zinc‐based coordination complex BTZ30 were synthesized, characterized, and investigated as HTMs for PSC applications. The mixed‐halide perovskites can be grown uniformly with large crystalline grains on both HTMs, which exhibit similar optical and electrochemical properties. However, it was discovered that the BTZ30‐based solar cell exhibited an open‐circuit voltage of 1.0817 V and a high short‐circuit current density of 23.1392 mA cm−2 with a champion power conversion efficiency of close to 20 %. The performance difference between the two HTMs can be attributed to the difference in their hole mobilities, which is 63.31 % higher for BTZ30 than BT28. The comparison of non‐metal and metal HTMs revealed the importance of considering hybrid structures to overcome some shortcomings associated with organic and inorganic HTMs and achieve high‐performance PSCs.
Chloromethylation of Lignin as a Route to Functional Material with Catalytic Properties in Cross‐Coupling and Click Reactions
Authors: Mohan Mahendra K. , Silenko Oleg , Krasnou Illia , Volobujeva Olga , Kulp Maria , Ošeka Maksim , Lukk Tiit , Karpichev Yevgen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a novel, greener chloromethylation procedure for organosolv aspen lignin under mild reaction conditions without Lewis acid as a catalyst and in acetic acid as a solvent. This synthetic protocol provides a reliable approach to chloromethylated lignin (CML) and means to obtain valuable lignin derivatives. The resulted CML was subsequently transformed into 1‐methylimidazolium lignin (ImL), which effectively serves as a stabilizing agent for Pd/CuO nanoparticles (Pd/CuO−NPs). To evaluate the versatility of developed lignin‐based catalyst, we investigate its performance in a series of carbon‐carbon bond formation reactions, including Suzuki‐Miyaura, Sonogashira, Heck reactions, and azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (click) reaction. Remarkably, this catalyst exhibited a high degree of catalytic efficiency, resulting in reactions with yields ranging from average to excellent. The heterogeneous catalyst demonstrated outstanding recyclability, enabling its reuse for at least 10 consecutive reaction cycles, with yields consistently falling within the range of 42 % to 84 %. A continuous flow reactor cartridge prototype employing Lignin@Pd/CuO−NPs was developed, yielding results comparable to those achieved in batch reactions. The utilization of Lignin@Pd/CuO−NPs as a catalyst showcases its potential to facilitate diverse carbon‐carbon bond formation reactions and underscores its promising recyclability, aligning with the green chemistry metrics and principles of sustainability in chemical processes.
Robustness of GaN on SiC low‐noise amplifiers in common source and cascode configurations for X‐band applications
Authors: Imran Nawaz Muhammad , Zafar Salahuddin , Gurdal Armagan , Cankaya Akoglu Busra , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: January 2024

SummaryCascode HEMTs exhibit high gain and broadband performance. Promising reverse transmission makes matching networks simpler and insensitive to impedance on either side of the HEMT. On the other hand, common source (CS) HEMTs with intentional small inductance at the source provide simultaneous match for optimum noise and input impedance. This paper provides a performance comparison of
μm cascode HEMTs‐based low‐noise amplifier and
μm CS HEMTs‐based low‐noise amplifiers with specific emphasis on robustness, including survivability and reverse recovery time (RRT). Cascode LNA survives an input power of 33 dBm while CS LNA handles 30 dBm power, each having a 1 k
passive limiting resistor on the gate bias line. RRT of cascode LNA is also better. Better survivability and RRT for cascode LNA are attributed to its HEMT's stacked configuration. The designs of LNAs are described, along with their small‐signal, noise, and large‐signal characteristics in the X‐band. Cascode LNA has a better input match, while CS LNA has a better output match. Gains are comparable, while CS LNA has better P1dB at higher band edge frequency. The noise figure for both LNAs is less than 1.9 dB, with CS LNA having a slight edge over cascode. This study benefits RF designers in choosing appropriate HEMT topology as per application for designing robust low‐noise amplifiers.
Targeting one‐carbon metabolism for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Ren Xinxin , Wang Xiang , Zheng Guowan , Wang Shanshan , Wang Qiyue , Yuan Mengnan , Xu Tong , Xu Jiajie , Huang Ping , Ge Minghua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne‐carbon (1C) metabolism is a metabolic network that plays essential roles in biological reactions. In 1C metabolism, a series of nutrients are used to fuel metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cellular redox defence and epigenetic maintenance. At present, 1C metabolism is considered the hallmark of cancer. The 1C units obtained from the metabolic pathways increase the proliferation rate of cancer cells. In addition, anticancer drugs, such as methotrexate, which target 1C metabolism, have long been used in the clinic. In terms of immunotherapy, 1C metabolism has been used to explore biomarkers connected with immunotherapy response and immune‐related adverse events in patients.MethodsWe collected numerous literatures to explain the roles of one‐carbon metabolism in cancer immunotherapy.ResultsIn this review, we focus on the important pathways in 1C metabolism and the function of 1C metabolism enzymes in cancer immunotherapy. Then, we summarise the inhibitors acting on 1C metabolism and their potential application on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we provide a viewpoint and conclusion regarding the opportunities and challenges of targeting 1C metabolism for cancer immunotherapy in clinical practicability in the future.ConclusionTargeting one‐carbon metabolism is useful for cancer immunotherapy.
Mapping the landscape of HPV integration and characterising virus and host genome interactions in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Shengming , Shi Chaoji , Zhou Rong , Han Yong , Li NianNian , Qu Chuxiang , Xia Ronghui , Zhang Chunye , Hu Yuhua , Tian Zhen , Liu Shuli , Wang Lizhen , Li Jiang , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) integration into the host genome is an important factor in HPV(+)OPSCC carcinogenesis, in conjunction with HPV oncoproteins E6/E7. However, a well‐studied investigation about virus–host interaction still needs to be completed. Our objective is to characterise HPV integration to investigate potential mechanisms of tumourigenesis independent of E6/E7 oncoproteins.Materials and methodsHigh‐throughput viral integration detection was performed on 109 HPV(+)OPSCC tumours with relevant clinicopathological information. Of these tumours, 38 tumours underwent targeted gene sequencing, 29 underwent whole exome sequencing and 26 underwent RNA sequencing.ResultsHPV integration was detected in 94% of tumours (with a mean integration count of 337). Tumours occurring at the tonsil/oropharyngeal wall that exhibit higher PD‐L1 expression demonstrated increased integration sites (p = .024). HPV exhibited a propensity for integration at genomic sites located within specific fragile sites (FRA19A) or genes associated with functional roles such as cell proliferation and differentiation (PTEN, AR), immune evasion (CD274) and glycoprotein biosynthesis process (FUT8). The viral oncogenes E2, E4, E6 and E7 tended to remain intact. HPV fragments displayed enrichment within host copy number variation (CNV) regions. However, insertions into genes related to altered homologous recombination repair were infrequent. Genes with integration had distinct expression levels. Fifty‐nine genes whose expression level was affected by viral integration were identified, for example, EPHB1, which was reported to be involved in cellular protein metabolic process.ConclusionsHPV can promote oncogenesis through recurrent integration into functional host genome regions, leading to subsequent genomic aberrations and gene expression disruption. This study characterises viral integrations and virus–host interactions, enhancing our understanding of HPV‐related carcinogenesis mechanisms.
SP1‐activated USP27X‐AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via USP7‐mediated AKT stabilisation
Authors: Su Chen , Zhang Haoquan , Mo Jie , Liao Zhibin , Zhang Bixiang , Zhu Peng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to pose a significant threat to patient survival. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal involvement of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the cancer process. Nevertheless, our understanding of the roles and processes of lncRNAs in HCC remains limited.MethodsThe expression level of USP27X‐AS1 was assessed in an HCC patient cohort through a combination of bioinformatics analysis and qRT‐PCR. Subsequent biological experiments were conducted to delve into the functional aspects of USP27X‐AS1. Additional molecular biology techniques, including RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), were employed to elucidate the potential mechanisms involving USP27X‐AS1 in HCC. Finally, CUT–RUN assay and other investigations were carried out to determine the factors contributing to the heightened expression of USP27X‐AS1 in HCC.ResultsHigh expression of the novel oncogene USP27X‐AS1 predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. Further investigation confirmed that USP27X‐AS1 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of HCC by enabling USP7 to interact with AKT, which reduced level of AKT poly‐ubiquitylation and enhanced AKT protein stability, which improves protein stabilisation of AKT and promotes the progression of HCC. Moreover, we also revealed that SP1 binds to USP27X‐AS1 promoter to activate its transcription.ConclusionsNovel oncogenic lncRNA USP27X‐AS1 promoted HCC progression via recruiting USP7 to deubiquitinate AKT. SP1 transcriptionally activated USP27X‐AS1 expression. These findings shed light on HCC and pointed to USP27X‐AS1 as a potential predictive biomarker and treatment target for the malignancy.
2‐Thioxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidine and thiourea endowed with sulfonamide moieties as dual EGFRT790M and VEGFR‐2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, docking, and anticancer evaluations
Authors: El‐Gaby Mohamed S. A. , Abdel Reheim Mohamed A. M. , Akrim Zuhir S. M. , Naguib Bassem H. , Saleh Nashwa M. , El‐Adasy Abu Bakr A. A. M. , El‐Adl Khaled , Mohamady Samy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of a new series of thiopyrimidine and thiourea containing sulfonamides moieties was tested on HCT‐116, MCF‐7, HepG2, and A549. HepG2 cell line was the one that all the new derivatives affected the most. The greatest potent compounds against the four HepG2, HCT116, MCF‐7, and A549 cell lines were 8f and 8g with IC50 = 4.13, 6.64, 5.74, 6.85 µM and 4.09, 4.36, 4.22, 7.25 µM correspondingly. Compound 8g exhibited higher activity than sorafenib against HCT116 and MCF‐7 but exhibited lower activity against HepG2 and A549. Moreover, compounds 8f and 8g exhibited higher activities than erlotinib on HepG2, HCT116, and MCF‐7 but demonstrated lower activity on A549. The most potent cytotoxic derivatives 6f, 6g, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, and 8g were examined on normal VERO cell lines. Our derivatives have low toxicity on VERO cells with IC50 values ranging from 32.05 to 53.15 μM. Additionally, all compounds were assessed for dual VEGFR‐2 and EGFRT790M inhibition effects. Compounds 8f and 8g were the most potent derivatives inhibited VEGFR‐2 at IC50 value of 0.88 and 0.90 µM, correspondingly. As well, derivatives 8f and 8g could inhibit EGFRT790M demonstrating strongest effects with IC50 = 0.32 and 0.33 µM sequentially. Additionally, the greatest active derivatives ADMET profile was evaluated in relationship with sorafenib and erlotinib as reference agents. The data attained from docking were greatly related to that achieved from the biological testing.
Endoscopic management of gastric ectopic pancreas with repeated ulcerations and bleeding: A case report
Authors: Kimura Tomoya , Minato Yohei , Banjoya Susumu , Iida Toshifumi , Furuta Koichi , Nagae Shinya , Ito Yohei , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Takeuchi Nao , Takayanagi Shunya , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Kano Yuki , Sakuno Takashi , Ono Kohei , Miura Sakiko , Morikawa Teppei , Ohata Ken 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA 25‐year‐old man was referred to our center for investigation of a gastric submucosal tumor and an ulcer that had developed on its oral side. Endoscopic ultrasonography findings suggested the presence of an ectopic pancreas, and treatment with an oral proton pump inhibitor was planned for the ulcer. Over the subsequent 3 years, the patient endured recurring epigastric pain and episodes of passing black stools. Emergency endoscopy revealed that the morphology of the gastric submucosal tumor had transformed into a pedunculated polyp‐like morphology with a bleeding ulcer at the apex of the lesion. Endoscopic hemostasis using hemostatic forceps was performed. However, the patient continued to pass black stools. In light of the persistent symptoms and unique morphology of the lesion, endoscopic resection was attempted as a curative approach. The lesion was excised by hot snare polypectomy. Post‐treatment, the patient exhibited no signs of recurrence, marking a successful resolution. Three months later, a gastroduodenal endoscopy showed that the excised site had undergone scar formation without recurrence of the lesion. This case holds significant clinical value as it demonstrates the efficacy of a minimally invasive treatment strategy in managing repeated bleeding ulcerations of an ectopic pancreas, ultimately achieving a complete cure.