bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining Musical Experience
Authors: Boghossian Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I start with the observation that we often respond to a musical performance with emotion— even if it is just the performance of a piece of absolute music, unaccompanied by text, title or program. We can be exhilarated after a Rossini overture brought off with subtlety and panache; sombre and melancholy after Furtwangler’s performance of the slow movement of the “Eroica”. And so forth. These emotions feel like the real thing to me— or anyway very close to the real thing. When one experiences them, it takes time for them to wear off, and one gets irritated with the companion who, because not similarly moved, wants immediately to start discussing where to go for dinner.
Introduction
Authors: Elsheikh Mohgah , Murphy Caroline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder to affect women. It can reduce fertility and it can affect appearance by causing acne, excess facial and body hair growth, or scalp hair thinning. Consequently the symptoms associated with PCOS can affect self-esteem, and some women may even suffer from depression because of the severity of these symptoms. This book aims to help you understand PCOS, gives you practical advice on how to control the symptoms, and aims to help you lead a more satisfying life. The book also provides an in-depth guide to all available medical and natural treatments so that you are well informed when you go to your doctor or therapist. Many of you with PCOS have problems with weight gain and difficulty losing weight. Symptoms also tend to be more severe if you are overweight. Furthermore, PCOS can increase your risk of developing diabetes and possibly heart disease, particularly if you are overweight or obese. Research has shown that through weight loss and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, your symptoms can be improved and your health risks minimized. This book therefore has a large section dedicated to weight management, primarily by incorporating the low glycaemic index (GI) principles to diet. The treatment chapters also contain personal success stories from women who were treated at the PCOS clinic in Berkshire using the methods recommended by the book. The final section in the book aims to be a reference source for women with PCOS and includes GI and calorie tables, and a list of useful websites. We hope that this book will be an invaluable resource for you, will empower you with the know- ledge to take control of your health, and will provide you with strategies to cope with the effects of living with PCOS.
Third Person Marking in Menominee
Authors: Trommer Jochen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent models in feature theory (Harley and Ritter 2002; Bejar 2003) suggest highly articulated systems of cp-features which both substantially restrict possible person and number categories in human language and predict cross linguistically observed asymmetries between features. A core assumption in this line of research is that what is descriptively called third person is not characterized by any specific features, but by the lack of features characteristic for first and second person. It follows that under structural competition, first and second person always win over third person since they are more specific. While this is the correct prediction for many phenomena, third person agreement in Menominee provides strong evidence against both claims: an adequate analysis of third person marking implies the assumption of an explicit feature characteristic for third person, and of higher prominence of third over non third person. To solve this problem, I propose to capture person asymmetries not by feature structure, but by ranked violable constraints (Trammer 2003b,e, 2006), which allows us to relate the unusual preference of Menominee third person marking to the specific characteristics of its affixal inventory.
Mind–Body Causation and Explanatory Practice
Authors: Burge Tyler 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years a number of philosophers have worried about whether we can reasonably believe that mental properties are causally efficacious. They are concerned whether the intentional ‘aspects’ or qualitative ‘aspects’ of mental events are epiphenomenal—that is, lacking in causal power and irrelevant to causal transactions. They typically assume that mental events themselves are causes. But this is supposed to be ensured by the prior assumption that mental events are physical events. Individual mental events are assumed to be instantiations or tokens of physical event-kinds.
Preparing yourself
Authors: Tulloh Bruce , Lee David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In making the transition from medical student or Foundation doctor to dedicated surgical trainee, you are changing from being an interested observer to an active participant in the operation. This carries with it not only a change in philosophy, but also significant responsibilities in two separate domains. The first is as part of the surgical team where you share the responsibility for looking after the patient, while the second is as a trainee where you have a responsibility to learn from your experiences. Within each domain, responsibilities can be divided in to pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative phases.
Knots
Authors: Tulloh Bruce , Lee David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Being able to tie knots is one of the first tricks of the trade that early surgical trainees aspire to learn. However, don’t expect to be trained in the technique of knot tying while being taken through an operation—you should practise before you come into theatre until you can tie knots fluently. You may already know how to make the two basic throws, but these are fundamental, only the beginning. You should rehearse until you can tie them with both hands and also with instruments. Then you will be ready for this chapter, which takes you beyond the basics and explains how to put those two throws together correctly, and in a variety of situations.
Approximating tissues
Authors: Tulloh Bruce , Lee David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tissue approximation in general, and surgical wound closure in particular, has two main aims. The first is to ensure that the tissues heal securely and the other is to ensure a neat result. The wound is a surgeon’s signature, and the way it heals is often how patients will judge their surgeon’s skill. Although optimizing the patient’s general condition (e.g. nutritional status, cardiac function, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, level of immune competence, etc.) is vital to the healing process, local factors such as the provision of neat wound edges, a good local blood supply and minimal distracting forces are also important.
Drains and dressings
Authors: Tulloh Bruce , Lee David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whether or not to use a drain at the end of an operation is often a matter of personal preference. While there may be widespread agreement that a chest drain is indicated after a thoracotomy, there is little evidence to support routine drainage in many other situations such as after thyroidectomy, cholecystectomy or bowel resection. It is sensible to make a considered decision in each case.
Coreference and Binding
Authors: Culicover Peter W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relation in which two NPs refer to the same thing or things is coreference. In this chapter we look at the syntactic factors that determine whether two NPs may, must, or must not be coreferential. Recall that we assign a referential index to every referring expression (see Chapter 5). Suppose that we have two expressions in a sentence that are intended to refer to the same thing. If we use the same name or description in the sentence twice, then the representation of coreference is more or less straightforward. As an example we use the sentence Mary’s mother kissed Mary. We will take the CS representation of mother to be MOTHER(X). In this case MARY fills the argument slot X, as shown in (1).
Field on Revenge
Authors: Rayo Agustín , Welch P D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a series of recent papers, Hartry Field has proposed a novel class of solutions to the semantic paradoxes, and argued that the new solutions are ‘revenge-immune’. He has argued, in particular, that by building on a sufficiently expressive language one can get a language which is able to express its own semantic theory, including its own truth predicates and any intelligible determinacy predicates. The purpose of this note is to argue that the plausibility of Field’s revenge-immunity claim depends crucially on the status of higher-order languages. We show that by availing oneself of higher-order resources one can give an explicit characterization of the key semantic notion underlying Field’s proposal, and note that inconsistency would ensue if the languages under discussion were expressive enough to capture this notion.
Epistemic Conservatism: Theft or Honest Toil?
Authors: Fumerton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps epistemic externalism’s strongest sales pitch has always been that it alone can avoid radical skepticism. In recent years some epistemic internalists have been striking back with variations of a view sometimes known as epistemic conservatism. In its crudest form, epistemic conservatism takes the fact that a person believes a given proposition to be at least a prima facie epistemic reason in support of the proposition believed. In this paper I will distinguish a number of different versions of epistemic conservatism and examine the question of whether their desire to avoid skepticism is leading some internalists to favor theft over honest toil.
Particularism, Promises, And Persons In Cicero’ S De Officiis
Authors: Woolf Raphael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Could Cicero have been an ethical particularist? Could he, that is, have believed that ethics should proceed without rules or principles? The answer, at first blush, looks like an obvious no. After all, Cicero’s main work on practical ethics, the De officiis, seems precisely aimed at setting out ethical principles.
Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy
Authors: Sedley David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discussing a range of issues, from the meaning of Socratic Intellectualism to Aristotle on the fantastic abilities of animals in De Anima, this important volume of Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy (which will no be published twice annually) includes fascinating original articles on various aspects of ancient philosophy. The second volume of the new millennium, it features contributors Michael Wedin and Dominic Scott and highlights, among other things, critical notices of major books.
Platonic Ethics : A critical notice of julia annas, platonic ethics old and new’
Authors: Long A A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Julia Annas’s magnum opus, The Morality of Happiness (Oxford, 1993), the author apologized for excluding ‘systematic discussion’ of Plato (18-20). She defended her decision by indicating why Plato is ‘problematic’ for that book’s subject-the examination of ‘explicit ethical theory’. Few would quarrel with her enumeration of the salient difficulties. They include the dialogue form, Plato’s anonymity, the treatment within single dialogues of issues that go beyond ethics, the ‘immensely different positions occupied by Socrates in different dialogues’, the ‘perennial "Socratic problem"‘, the ‘increasing questioning’ of Platonic chronology, and ‘the status of Plato’s arguments’.
Why is Sequence of Tense Obligatory?
Authors: Higginbotham James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The tenses of human languages are indexical expressions in the sense of Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1954), in that repetitions of the same sentence may differ in truth value simply because of tense. They are not indexical, however, in the sense of the context-dependent temporal adverbials now, yesterday, and others. These are always interpreted with respect to the speaker’s current temporal position. The interpretation of the tenses is not so fixed. In particular, a relative clause or complement clause tense may be interpreted as if the speaker had used it at a position in time different from the one she actually occupies.
The Predicate View of Proper Names
Authors: Elugardo Reinaldo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I will defend a modest claim: that the Predicate View of proper names, which is the view that ‘proper names play the logical role of a predicate’ (Burge, 1973), deserves another hearing. With the exception of Tyler Burge’s early papers in which he defends the theory (Burge, 1973, 1974), and some published reactions (Bach, 1987; Boer, 1972; Cohen, 1980; Higginbotham, 1988; Hornsby, 1976), scant attention has been paid to the Predicate View-and for good reason: it conflicts with the widely accepted view that names are singular, unstructured, referring terms. Still, the Predicate View has strong evidential support that cannot be ignored or explained away. Some philosophers have tried to do the latter by arguing that predicative uses of proper names are just special uses. I will try to show, however, that they are mistaken by arguing that predicative uses of proper names are not parasitic on their referential roles, as some philosophers hold.
Speaking up for Plato’S Interlocutors: A Discussion of J. Beversulis Cross-examining Socrates
Authors: Gill Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a book with a mission. The title tells it &lt;1!!. Beversluis ’s case is that, throughout the early Platonic dialogues, Socrates argues in a way that is systematically unfair to his interlocutors. Rather than acknowledging this fact, Platonic scholars, especially in recent Anglo-American scholarship, have condoned this maltreatment, belittling the interlocutors and finding excuses for Socrates. Beversluis aims to put the record straight. Ile restates the interlocutors’ positions, showing that they have credible and substantive points to make. He examines Socrates’ arguments and brings out the way that they fail to acknowledge, or to engage with, the interlocutors’ real positions. Instead, Socrates uses his logical expertise to win the argument anJ dear the ground for this own ideas. Socrates’ claims to urnkrtakc a shared search with his respon&lt;l&lt;“nts and to help them to care for their souls are shown up as specious m the light of his actual practice.
From Causation to Explanation and Back
Authors: Cartwright Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dominant topics in general philosophy of science during the second half of the twentieth century were surely the nature of scientific theory, realism, and explanation. The discussion of the nature of theory today is still very much in the same terms as that of fifty years ago although the central paradigm has changed. The standard view, to which I will return below, used to be that a theory is a deductive system formulated in a formal language. Nowadays it is probably the “semantic view” that dominates: theory is a set of models and any language will do for describing exactly what the models are like.3
Science, Knowledge, and Animal Minds
Authors: Jamieson Dale 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
David Hume is remembered by many philosophers as the great sceptic who called into question causality, necessity, and even the existence of the self. It is striking, then, that Hume writes that “no truth appears to me more evident, than that beasts are endow’d with thought and reason as well as men”. He goes on to ascribe to animals such idea-mediated indirect passions as pride and love as well as such direct passions as desire, contentment, and fear. Hume also attributes anger, grief, and courage to animals and writes that “‘Tis evident, that sympathy, or the communication of passions, takes place among animals, no less than among men”. Since Hume writes that the object of love must be a person and that animals can love their conspecifics, he goes so far as to imply that animals are persons.
The Evidence of our Senses
Authors: Hyman John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The modern causal theory of perception-the theory defended by Grice and Strawson-differs from the classical theory advanced by Descartes and Locke in two ways. First, the modern theory is an exercise in conceptual analysis. Secondly, it is a version of what is sometimes called direct realism. I shall comment on these points in turn.
In Defence of Folk Psychology
Authors: Jackson Frank , Pettit Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It turned out that there was no phlogiston, no caloric fluid, and no luminiferous ether. Might it turn out that there are no beliefs and desires? Patricia and Paul Churchland say yes.1 We say no. In section 1 we give our positive argument for the existence of beliefs and desires, and in part two we offer a diagnosis of what has misled the Churchlands into holding that it might very well turn out that there are no beliefs and desires.
Rules over Words
Authors: Yang Charles D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The acquisition of English past tense has generated much interest and controversy in cognitive science, often pitched as a clash between generative linguistics and connectionism (Rumelhart & McClelland 1986), or even between rationalism and empiricism (Pinker 1999). This is irregular: the problem of past tense, particularly in English, notorious for its impoverished phonology, is a marginal problem in linguistics, and placing it at the center of attention does no justice to the intricacy of the study of language; see e.g. Halle (2000), Yang (2000), and Embick & Marantz (in press). Yet this is not to say the problem of English past tense is trivial or uninteresting. As we shall see, despite the enthusiasm and efforts on both sides of the debate, there remain many important patterns in the published sources still unknown and unexplained. We show that the variational learning model, instantiated here as competition among phonological rules (rather than grammars/parameters, as in the case of syntactic acquisition), provides a new understanding of how phonology is organized and learned.
The Dynamics of Language Change
Authors: Yang Charles D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Language is not a random object, but is governed by UG principles and constraints that are ultimately grounded in human biology. If our (linguistic) ancestors had brains like ours, then UG, as we understand it through our languages, would have governed their languages as well. And if UG defines the intrinsic space of language variations—past, present, and future—then the historical process of language change cannot step out of these boundaries. Thus, UG must be placed at a central position in the explanation of language change.
Il perfetto indoeuropeo tra endomorfismo ed esomorfismo
Authors: Giovine Paolo Di 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nel campo degli studi di linguistica storica si sono raggiunti importanti risultati per quanto riguarda la ricostruzione morfologica in riferimento alla fase indoeuropea preistorica da un lato, e alla storia dei diversi gruppi linguistici dall’altro. In questo senso, l’illustrazione di categorie flessionali come il presente (nelle sue diverse forme atematiche e tematiche, dal presente radicale a quelli con infissi e suffssi), l’aoristo (radicale, sigmatico, raddoppiato), il causativo, il perfetto, ecc., ha consentito di tracciare un quadro organico, pur se in vari punti controverso, della morfologia verbale indoeuropea comune; contributi di analogo interesse sono venuti nel campo della morfologia nominale.
Names in -e and -e-u in Mycenaean Greek
Authors: Killenp John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is clear that Mycenaean Greek, like its later Classical counterpart, contains a large number of compound personal names in -ē:s: a-pi-me-de, /Amphimēdēs/, e-u-me-ne, /E(h)umenēs/ ,etc. Many more of the ē s names in Mycenaean, however, are more or less certainly of non-Greek origin: names in -ederived from the pre-Hellenic language(s) of Crete and the Greek mainland which have been assimilated into Greek declensional patterns by being treated as s-stems.
Two Mycenaean Problems
Authors: ßner Torsten Mei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the remarkable features of Mycenaean is the fact that on a number of occasions identical lexical items or comparable morphological formations are found in two different written forms. Often these can be explained on the basis of our knowledge of the writing system, such as the alternation between ke-se-ne-wi-jo, ke-se-ni-wi-jo, and ke-se-nu-wi-jo, all rendering/ksenwijos/, showing varying syllabification and the use of a ‘dead’ vowel respectively. re-ke-(e)-to-ro-te-ri-jo
Die hispanische Heerschau des Silius Italicus
Authors: Untermann Jürgen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Die Nachahmung des Schi•skatalogs im zweiten Gesang von Homers Ilias ist wie kaum eine andere Passage der homerischen Gedichte zur Pflichtu• bung in spa•teren epischen Werken geworden: sie gab deren Verfassern, wie seinerzeit Homer selbst, die Gelegenheit zum einen die Akteure der bevorstehenden Ereignisse vorzustellen, zum anderen, ihre eigenen prosopographischen und geographischen Kenntnisse in ein gutes Licht zu ru• cken, und damit werden alle diese Exkurse zu beachtenswerten Quellen fu• r die jeweils beschriebene geschichtliche Phase und fu• r die Personenund Ortsnamen, die darin angeblich oder wirklich eine Bedeutung gehabt haben.
Relational Grammar
Authors: Farrell Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Relational Grammar (RG) (Perlmutter 1983, Perlmutter and Rosen 1984, Blake 1990, Postal and Joseph 1990) is a theory of syntax that is built on the idea that grammatical relations such as subject, direct object, and indirect object are primitive (i.e. basic and indefinable) concepts in terms of which clause structure in all languages is organized. Its use of multiple levels of clause structure, whereby an NP with the patient role, for example, can be the direct object at an initial or “ logical” level and the subject at the final level, make it well-suited to describing the voice and relational-alternation constructions that are so pivotal to an understanding of the syntactic phenomena in most languages, as discussed in Section 2.2, as well as such ubiquitous phenomena as raising to subject, possessor raising, causativization, noun incorporation, quantifier float, and control of adverbial phrases and complement clauses, which are generally constrained in terms of relational categories such as subject and direct object. Coupled with its general userfriendliness, that is its relative lack of obscure and complex formalism, its cross-linguistic adaptability has made it particularly popular among fieldworkers, who have produced accessible and theoretically-informed descriptive work of enduring interest on a wide array of typologically and genetically diverse languages.
Realization and mental causation
Authors: Shoemaker Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problem of mental causation is at the heart of the mind-body problem. And for physicalist or materialist views of mind, the key to solving the problem of mental causation is getting a satisfactory understanding of how the mental is realized in the physical. Recent discussions of physicalism have focused on the notion of supervenience; but I think that the focus should instead be on the notion of realization. Supervenience comes in a variety of forms - and the form we need to understand, in order to understand mental causation, is that in which the properties in the supervenience base can be said to realize the properties that supervene on them. Any physicalist theory, whether or not it is a functionalist theory, needs to maintain that the mental is realized in the physical, and so needs an account of realization. But my main focus will be on the realization of functional properties.