bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allele-Specific Amplification for the Diagnosis of Autosomal Recessive Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Ravard-Goulvestre Claire , Boucly Catherine , Mathieu Bertille , Van Amerongen Geneviève , Viollet Louis , Estournet Brigitte , Barois Annie , de Mazancourt Philippe 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The SMN1 gene is homozygously deleted for at least exon 7, interrupted or converted to a non-functional telomeric copy in most cases of proximal spinal muscular atrophies. The presence of a pseudogene hampers direct detection of the exon 7 deletion. We describe a method for the detection of the of exon 7 deletion, based on the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), in a multiplex PCR with fluorescent-labelled primers. The gene and pseudogene amplification products differ in the dye bound and in their size, which allows distinction of both products on electrophoresis. The pseudogene is used as an internal control, and this method gives a clear and specific pattern for the patients. Amplification is achieved with 30 cycles, and specificity is retained up to 40 cycles.
Screening School Children for Albuminuria, Proteinuria and Occult Blood with Dipsticks
Authors: Pugia Michael J. , Lott John A. , Kajima Junko , Saambe Takaaki , Sasaki Miyuki , Kuromoto Kooichi , Nakamura Reiko , Fusegawa Hisae , Ohta Yoshihide 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Beginning in 1974, the Japanese Ministry of Health Welfare directed the screening of schoolchildren for proteinuria. We studied their procedure and methods in 6197 school children and also evaluated a new urine dipstick that measures albumin concentrations down to about 10 mg/l and creatinine down to about 300 mg/l. We used specimens from adult in- and outpatients to test the accuracy of the dipsticks. Based on the quantitative results, we set as cutoffs < 150 mg/l for protein and < 30 mg/l for albumin as the concentrations representing “low risk.” The quantitative values were assumed to be correct, and the dipstick results were judged accordingly, i.e., a dipstick protein of ≥ “150” mg/l or an albumin of | “30” mg/l indicated increased risk of developing or having a genitourinary disorder. The sensitivity/specificity of the protein dipstick was 95.1%/95.5%, and the same for the albumin dipstick was 83.8%/93.8%. The cut-off for the albumin dipsticks probably should be set somewhat lower to reduce the number of false negatives and increase the sensitivity of the dipstick. When we compared the quantitative albumin to the protein dipsticks with the above cut-offs, we found the sensitivity/specificity to be 79.3%/94.4%, i.e., much like the albumin dipstick results. The many reports on the association of albuminuria and risk of renal disease recommend that screening should be done for albumin rather than protein. Based on the data from the school children, we estimate that a dipstick albumin of “30” mg/l is borderline increased risk, and that a protein dipstick of “150” mg/l is the same. If we call the dipstick “10” mg/l albumin, “30” mg/l albumin and the “150” mg/l protein results “low risk,” then we estimate the prevalence of albuminuria in the school children to be about 2.1% and proteinuria to be about 4.3%. Children with these values should have a quantitative test for albumin and protein. We also tested a dipstick for creatinine and found increasing values with increasing age in both genders; the older boys had significantly higher creatinine values than the older girls and younger boys. For the albumin/creatinine ratio, we found 6028 children with a ratio of < 30 mg/g indicating low risk and 159 children with a ratio of ≥30 mg/g indicating increased risk. The ratio may be more useful owing to the likely reduction of the number of false negatives and false positives.
Note: 1 mg/l albumin = 8.85 μmol/l
.
A Potential Role of an Intracellular Signaling Defect in Neutrophil Functional Abnormalities and Promotion of Tissue Damage in Patients with Localized Juvenile Periodontitis
Authors: Leino Lasse , Hurttia Helena 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLocalized juvenile periodontitis is a destructive form of periodontal inflammatory disease which has its onset at puberty. The etiopathology of the disease is still unclear but neutrophils have been suggested to play a major role both in the production and development of the disorder. About 70 % of the patients with localized juvenile periodontitis exhibit neutrophil functional abnormalities, such as decreased chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Interestingly, it has been frequently reported that the same hypoactive cells show an enhanced respiratory burst response and increased adhesion. Several possible mechanisms explaining neutrophil anomalies in localized juvenile periodontitis have been proposed. These include the presence of soluble serum factors capable of modulating neutrophil function, altered cell-surface receptor expression and/or function, and a change in the post-receptor signaling events. Recently, a growing evidence has accumulated showing that the diacylglycerol metabolism could be altered in neutrophils from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. This change, which may be due to a defect in a major diacylglycerol metabolizing enzyme, diacylglycerol kinase, results in enhanced accumulation of diacylglycerol in activated cells. Because diacylglycerol is an endogenous activator of protein kinase C, the increased and prolonged generation of diacylglycerol could lead to abnormal pattern of protein kinase C-regulated neutrophil functions, explaining the parallel hypo- and hyperactivities.
Polymorphonuclear Oxidative Burst after Helicobacter pylori Water Extract Stimulation Is not Influenced by the Cytotoxic Genotype but Indicates Infection and Gastritis Grade
Authors: Basso Daniela , Stefani Annalisa , Gallo Nicoletta , Brigato Luca , Navaglia Filippo , Toma Andrea , Zancanaro Francesca , Di Mario Francesco , De Franchis Giuseppe , Plebani Mario 
Published: October 2004

Abstract

H. pylori-associated gastric mucosal inflammation is
characterized by the presence of polymorphonuclear
(PMN) leukocyte infiltrate, which is more severe when
the infecting strain is cagA positive. After appropriate
stimuli, such as bacterial products, PMN release large
amounts of oxygen derived free radicals and proteases,
to kill the bacterium. H. pylori seems to be particularly
resistant to the oxidative machinery of PMN,
which can in turn damage the host gastric mucosa.
We evaluated peripheral PMN oxidative burst response
after stimulation with water extracts from
cagA positive (WEcagA+) or negative (WEcagA−) H.
pylori strains in infected (n=31) and non-infected patients
(n=32) in comparison with healthy controls
(n=16); the influence of gastric mucosal inflammatory
infiltrate and activity grade on PMN oxidative burst
were also assessed. PMN oxidative burst was measured
by FACS analysis. H. pylori water extracts were
obtained from bacterial culture. H. pylori genotype
was determined by means of the polymerase chain reaction.
The PMN oxidative burst in H. pylori infected
patients was significantly higher than that in H. pylori
negative or healthy controls, no differences being
found when the results following WEcagA+ and WEcagA-stimulation were compared. The difference in
PMN oxidative burst obtained after WEcagA− and E.
coli (standard stimulus for PMN oxidative burst) stimulation
discriminated H. pylori infected from non-infected
patients with a sensitivity of 90 % and a specificity
of 97 %. The grade of PMN oxidative burst
correlated with PMN infiltration grade of the gastric
mucosa. Our findings allow to conclude that PMN oxidative
burst activation by H. pylori WE is species-but
not strain-correlated. PMN priming, probably consequent
to the action of soluble mediators released by
mononuclear cells, makes PMN hyper-responsive to
H. pylori products, thus favoring the release in the
gastric mucosa of infected patients of large amounts
of oxygen-derived free radicals, which are not enough
to eliminate the infection, but may contribute to damaging
the gastric mucosa itself. Peripheral PMN oxidative
burst response to H. pylori WE might furthermore
be of help in diagnosing H. pylori infection.
Flow Cytometry of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Lymphocytes: Alterations of Blood/CSF Ratios of Lymphocyte Subsets in Inflammation Disorders of Human Central Nervous System (CNS)
Authors: Kleine Tilmann O. , Albrecht Joachim , Zöfel Peter 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFlow cytometry was adapted to measure lymphocytes in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method was sufficiently precise, reproducible and accurate despite low cell counts. In lumbar CSF of controls with 500 to 3500 (103/l) leukocytes, lymphocyte counts correlated with those in corresponding venous blood: blood/CSF ratios of ≈ 2000 : 1 were found for total T cells (CD3+) and CD3+HLA-DR−, CD3+4+, CD3+8+subsets, ratios were increased for the lymphocyte subsets CD3+HLA-DR+≤ CD3+16+56+< CD16+56+3−< CD8+3−<< CD19+; CD8+4+ratio was half of CD3+ratio. Data indicate selective barriers (blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers) to blood lymphocyte subsets which favor the transfer of T subsets. Correlation of the subset ratios to the CD3+ratio indicates distinct barrier properties which changed differently with acute and subacute inflammations and neuroimmunological diseases of central nervous system (CNS) in lumbar or ventricular CSF, but not with simple protein barrier disturbance. HLA DR+T ratios were higher than HLA DR−T ratios only with controls and some neuroimmunological diseases. Lymphocyte barrier characteristics were related to protein leakage situated at the same barriers, indicating for the lymphocyte subsets selective transfer routes in control subjects and non-selective routes in patients with CNS inflammation where altered ratios revealed a mixture of routes.
Alterations of Endothelial Nucleotide Levels by Mycophenolic Acid Result in Changes of Membrane Glycosylation and E-Selectin Expression
Authors: Bertalanffy Peter , Dubsky Peter , Wolner Ernst , Weigel Guenter 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The effect of the inhibitor of inosine-5′-monophosphate
dehydrogenase (IMPDH), mycophenolic acid, on
intracellular nucleotides and the synthesis of cellular
glycoproteins was evaluated in human umbilical vein
endothelial cells. A clinically attainable concentration
(10 μmol/l) of mycophenolic acid decreased guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) levels significantly and led
to a strong elevation of uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP),
whereas intracellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)
pools remained unaffected. The staining of the endothelial
cell membranes with lectins specific for fucose
and mannose (Ulex europaeus- and Galanthus nivalis
agglutinin, respectively) was reduced, reflecting an
inhibition of fucose and mannose incorporation into
endothelial glycoproteins. The surface expression of
E-selectin, an important determinant for leuko-endothelial
interactions decreased significantly. Guanine
and guanosine prevented the actions of mycophenolic
acid and reversed the drug-induced decrease in GTP
and its associated effects. The findings that mycophenolic
acid produces alterations in the formation of glycoproteins
and in the membrane architecture are indicative
of metabolic lesions induced by an agent that
depresses guanine nucleotide synthesis through inhibtion
of IMPDH. The pronounced reduction of E-selectin
surface expression on endothelial cells accompanied
by changes of endothelial cell fucosylation, a
prerequisite for the contact with lymphocytic L-selectin,
indicates an inhibitory effect of mycophenolic acid
in the rolling phase of leukocyte recruitment and
strongly implies a new and additional immunosuppressive
mechanism of this agent.
Differentiation and Assessment of Cell Death
Authors: Koester Steven K. , Bolton Wade E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThree documented cell death pathways, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncosis will be discussed. The end result of each pathway is cell death; however, the path by which death is achieved and the morphological and physiological traits of each may be strikingly distinct. Now that well characterized models have been established for particularly apoptosis, the induction pathway(s) has received much attention and the pathway pathology is beginning to be understood. Three model systems were investigated: APO-1/Fas, hypoxia, and oncosis. Cell death was induced, and during a time course sampling, a variety of methodologies, including DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis, DNA staining, flow cytometric light scatter, transmission electron microscopy, anti-tubulin, Trypan blue, annexin V, and anti-APO2.7 were employed to monitor the cell death progress. The apoptotic pathway in the CD95-induced Jurkat cell model was further investigated using caspase inhibitor peptides and analyzed for APO2.7 antigen expression and DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry. Time course sampling characterized the cell death pathway and helped to differentiate the capabilities of the methods. The time to response and duration of the response were dependent upon cell type and method of induction. The CD95-induced Jurkat cell model showed a classical apoptotic response; however the MDA-MB-175-VII hypoxia model and the anti-5A9 induced oncosis model were not as clear. Each methodology shows advantages and disadvantages that allow the investigator to select several methods to identify, monitor, and enumerate cells with respect to cell death progression using time course studies.
Apheresis of Plasma Compounds as a Therapeutic Principle in Severe Sepsis and Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Stegmayr Bernd 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
During sepsis there is an increase in the plasma content
of several compounds, e.g., bacterial toxins, cytokines,
cell debris, free hemoglobin and myoglobin. In
blood, these compounds activate various cascade
systems, which in large amounts or in more vulnerable
patients lead to a disseminated intra-vascular coagulopathy
(DIC) with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome
(MODS) and death, despite conventional intensive
care unit therapy. Therapeutic attempts to reverse
these conditions have so far been of limited benefit.
These effects have mainly been focused on lowering
the blood concentration of single substances such as
tumor necrosis factor.
By the use of low-and high-flux hemodialysis filters,
usually only small amounts of these substances are removed.
By the use of plasmapheresis or plasma exchange,
the extent of removal is considerably increased.
The efficacy varies between the techniques
(centrifugation vs. filtration or adsorption) and has
also different influences on e.g. the complement
system. This report describes these techniques and
the therapeutical possibilities given by them. In small
trials, blood or plasma exchange has been used as rescue
therapy in critically ill patients with a progressive
MODS and DIC. A survival of about 80 % of the patients
has been reported in these studies and the use of combined
therapy will be discussed. Controlled trials are
required in this field.
Supportive Therapy of the Sepsis Syndrome
Authors: Meier-Hellmann Andreas , Sakka Samir , Reinhart Konrad 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Adequate volume loading may be the most important
step in the treatment of patients with septic shock.
Techniques allowing us to achieve and tightly control
volume loading and regional perfusion are considered
to be helpful. An elevated oxygen delivery may be beneficial
in some patients but the increase of oxygen delivery
should be guided by the measurement of parameters
assessing global and regional oxygenation. Forcing
an increase in oxygen delivery by the use of very high
dosages of catecholamines can be harmful. Vasopressors
should be used for achieving an adequate perfusion
pressure. For norepinephrine, no negative effects
on regional perfusion have been demonstrated. Epinephrine
and dopamine should be avoided because
they seem to redistribute blood flow away from the
splanchnic region. There are no convincing data yet to
support the routine use of low dose dopamine or dopexamine
in patients with sepsis. Neither low dose
dopamine nor dopexamine has been proven to prevent
renal failure in septic patients. Furthermore, there is evidence
that low dose dopamine may reduce mucosal
perfusion in the gut in some patients. There is some
suggestion that dopexamine can improve splanchnic
perfusion but since these effects remain somewhat
controversial, there is no reason for a general recommendation
for dopexamine in septic patients.
Endotoxin Adsorbant Based on Immobilized Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Zimmermann Michael , Busch Karin , Kuhn Stefan , Zeppezauer Michael 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Extracorporeal apheresis of endotoxins and pro-inflammatory
cytokines is still a therapeutic option in
the early hyper-inflammatory phase of gram-negative
sepsis. There is therefore ongoing interest in adsorber
materials suitable for that kind of clinical application.
Here we describe lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine
adsorption characteristics of a new adsorbent
based on purified human serum albumin (HSA) covalently
linked to macroporous polymer beads (iHSA).
Multipoint attachment of HSA to acrylic beads via
carboxyl groups of the protein resulted in an increased
affinity to LPS. In adsorption experiments (adsorbent/plasma ratio 1:3) a 70–80 % reduction of limulus amoebocyte
lysate (LAL) activity from 8.59 ± 2.07 EU/ml
(mean ± SD) to 1.82 ± 0.77 EU/ml (S. abortus equi; n = 40) (p < 0.001) and from 115.13 ± 53.76 EU/ml to 17.70 ±
11.68 EU/ml (E. coli F583; n = 6) (p < 0.01) was achieved.
iHSA-purified plasma samples showed a decreased capability
of inducing cytokine release from peripheral
monocytes. Direct haemoperfusion of LPS pre-stimulated
whole blood over iHSA resulted in decreased
tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) concentrations
(30–40 % reduction) whereas induced levels of interleukin
(IL)-β and IL-6 were not affected.
Depending on the means of immobilization, iHSA
shows higher affinity for LPS than native albumin
present in plasma. We demonstrated an efficient removal
of LPS from plasma in vitro. Adsorption over immobilized
HSA appears to be a simple and effective
means of removing LPS and perhaps pro-inflammatory
cytokines from the circulation.
Preparation of Sr2CeO4 Blue Phosphor Particles and Rare Earth (Eu, Ho, Tm, or Er)‐Doped Sr2CeO4 Phosphor Particles, Using an Emulsion Liquid Membrane System.
Authors: Hirai Takayuki , Kawamura Yusuke 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Mg2+ Doping on the Structural, Thermal, and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.8Co0.16Mg0.04O2.
Authors: D'Epifanio A. , Croce F. , Ronci F. , Albertini V. Rossi , Traversa E. , Scrosati B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Room‐Temperature Reaction Between Laser Chemical Vapor Deposited Selenium and Some Metals.
Authors: Ouchi Akihiko , Bastl Zdenek , Bohacek Jaroslav , Orita Hideo , Miyazaki Koji , Miyashita Setsuo , Bezdicka Petr , Pola Josef 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Strontium Polysulfides, SrS3, and Sr2(OH)2S4×10H2O, Obtained by the High‐Pressure Treatment of a Sr—S Mixture.
Authors: Fukuoka Hiroshi , Suga Rimiko , Komaguchi Kenji , Yamanaka Shoji , Shiotani Masaru 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cobalt(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Nitriles: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Atropoisomers of 2‐Arylpyridines.
Authors: Gutnov Andrey , Heller Barbara , Fischer Christine , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Spannenberg Anke , Sundermann Bernd , Sundermann Corinna 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
γ‐Selective Allylic Substitution Reaction with Grignard Reagents Catalyzed by Copper N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Its Application to Enantioselective Synthesis.
Authors: Tominaga Satoshi , Oi Yukinao , Kato Toshio , An Duk Keun , Okamoto Sentaro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Malononitrile as a Carbonyl Synthon: A One‐Pot Preparation of Heteroaryl Amide via a SNAr‐Oxidation—Displacement Strategy.
Authors: Zhu Juliang , Wong Henry , Zhang Zhongxing , Yin Zhiwei , Kadow John F. , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hybrid Reagent of Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride and Scandium Triflate: Highly Efficient Catalyst for Ring‐Opening Fluorination of 2,3‐Epoxyalcohols.
Authors: Itoh Yoshimitsu , Jang Sejin , Ohba Siho , Mikami Koichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active 2‐N‐Boc (or Cbz)‐amino‐1‐arylethanols as Key Intermediates for Synthesis of Chiral Drugs via Asymmetric Reduction.
Authors: Cho Byung Tae , Shin Sung Hye 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Diethyl Diazomalonate with Thietanes: A Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydrothiophene Derivatives via Sulfonium Ylides.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Nair Smitha M. , Mathai Sindhu , Liebscher Juergen , Ziemer Burkhard , Narsimulu K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd—Cu Catalyzed Heterocyclization During Sonogashira Coupling: Synthesis of 3‐Benzylthiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Keivanloo Ali , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Bakavoli Mehdi , Ghassemzadeh Mitra 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Acidic Properties of Some New Potential Biologically Active 4‐Acylamino‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Yueksek Haydar , Alkan Muzaffer , Ocak Zafer , Bahceci Sule , Ocak Mirac , Oezdemir Mustafa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Consecutive Isomerization and Cyclization of 3‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols Leading to 2‐Arylquinolines in the Presence of Potassium Hydroxide.
Authors: Cho Chan Sik , Lee Na Young , Kim Tae‐Jeong , Shim Sang Chul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Methods for Preparation of Thiazolopyridine and Tetrahydrothiazolopyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Haginoya Noriyasu , Komoriya Satoshi , Osanai Ken , Yoshino Toshiharu , Nagata Tsutomu , Nagamochi Masatoshi , Muto Ryo , Yamaguchi Mitsuhiro , Nagahara Takayasu , Kanno Hideyuki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tandem Michael‐Addition/Cyclization Synthesis and EGFR Kinase Inhibition Activity of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(8H)‐ones.
Authors: Boros Eric E. , Wood Edgar R. , McDonald O. Bradley , Spitzer Timothy D. , Sefler Andrea M. , Reep Bryan R. , Thompson James B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Transformations of 2‐R‐5‐Aryl‐5,6‐dihydro‐7H‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[5,1‐b]‐[1,3]thiazin‐7‐ones.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Esipenko A. N. , Kudryavtsev A. A. , Lozinskii M. O. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxazepines and Thiazepines. Part 41. Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐styryl‐1,5‐benzothiazepines by the Reaction of (E,E)‐Cinnamylideneacetophenones with 2‐Aminothiophenol and Their Conversion into 2,2‐Disubstituted 3‐Acetyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzothiazoles.
Authors: Levai Albert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of 6‐Substituted‐2,4,8,10‐tetra‐t‐butyl Dibenzo[d,g][1,3,6,2]dioxathiaphosphocin 6‐Oxides.
Authors: Kasthuraiah M. , Kumar K. Ananda , Reddy C. Suresh 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis of Metal‐Free Phthalocyanines from Phthalonitriles with Hexamethyldisilazane.
Authors: Uchida Hitoshi , Yoshiyama Hideyuki , Reddy Paidi Yella , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.