bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Andrographolide regulates H3 histone lactylation by interfering with p300 to alleviate aortic valve calcification
Authors: Wang Chunli , Wang Shunshun , Wang Zijun , Han Juanjuan , Jiang Nan , Qu Linghang , Xu Kang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeOur previous studies have found that andrographolide (AGP) alleviates calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study explores the molecular target and signal mechanisms of AGP in inhibiting CAVD.Experimental ApproachThe anti‐calcification effects of the aortic valve with AGP treatment were evaluated by alizarin red staining in vitro and ultrasound and histopathological assessment of a high‐fat (HF)‐fed ApoE−/− mouse valve calcification model. A correlation between the H3 histone lactylation (H3Kla) and calcification was detected. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments were further used to confirm p300 as a target for AGP. Overexpression (oe) and silencing (si) of p300 were used to verify the inhibitory effect of AGP targeting p300 on the H3Kla in vitro and ex vivo.Key ResultsAGP significantly inhibited calcium deposition in valve interstitial cells (VICs) and ameliorated aortic valve calcification. The multi‐omics analysis revealed the glycolysis pathway involved in CAVD, indicating that AGP interfered with lactate production by regulating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). In addition, lactylation, a new post‐translational modification, was shown to have a role in promoting aortic valve calcification. Furthermore, H3Kla and H3K9la site were shown to correlate with Runx2 expression inhibition by AGP treatment. Importantly, we found that p300 transferase was the molecular target of AGP in inhibiting H3Kla.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings, for the first time, demonstrated that AGP alleviates calcification by interfering with H3Kla via p300, which might be a powerful drug to prevent CAVD.
Functional oral status and oral health‐related quality of life in community‐dwelling older adults in Singapore
Authors: Chan Pei Yuan , Tan Zhi Hui Janice , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Soh Yu Jie , Teoh Khim Hean 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives were to investigate the association between oral functional status (defined by the number of functional teeth and functional occluding units [FOUs]) on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). It also aimed to determine if dentures could compensate for the loss of FOUs in terms of OHRQoL in community‐dwelling older adults in Singapore.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling older adults, aged 60 years and above, were recruited from a community‐based oral health functional screening programme from 1 May 2018 to 31 December 2019. During the screening, an Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire and oral examination were administered. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi‐square test, univariate logistic regression and multivariate predictive modelling.ResultsData from 1037 participants were analysed (52% female; mean age 71.5 (SD 7.15)). The mean OHIP‐14 score was 4.5 ± 7.2. The OHIP‐14 scores were significantly associated with the number of functional teeth and the number of FOUs (p < .001). Having at least 20 functional teeth or 10 FOUs was associated with a significantly lower OHIP‐14 score. Those with no FOUs had higher OHIP‐14 scores compared to those with at least 10 FOUs, even in the presence of a satisfactory denture.ConclusionMaintaining at least 20 functional teeth or 10 FOUs was associated with better OHRQoL among community‐dwelling older adults in Singapore. Dentures may have limited compensatory ability in terms of replacing natural functional occlusal units and maintaining OHRQoL.
Greedy‐based user selection for federated graph neural networks with limited communication resources
Authors: Huangfu Hancong , Zhang Zizhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted much attention in the field of machine learning due to their remarkable success in learning from graph‐structured data. However, implementing GNNs in practice faces a critical bottleneck from the high complexity of communication and computation, which arises from the frequent exchange of graphic data during model training, especially in limited communication scenarios. To address this issue, we propose a novel framework of federated graph neural networks, where multiple mobile users collaboratively train the global model of graph neural networks in a federated way. The utilization of federated learning into the training of graph neural networks can help reduce the communication overhead of the system and protect the data privacy of local users. In addition, the federated training can help reduce the system computational complexity significantly. We further introduce a greedy‐based user selection for the federated graph neural networks, where the wireless bandwidth is dynamically allocated among users to encourage more users to attend the federated training of neural networks. We perform the convergence analysis on the federated training of neural networks, in order to obtain some more insights on the impact of critical parameters on the system design. Finally, we perform the simulations on the coriolis ocean for reAnalysis (CORA) dataset and show the advantages of the proposed method in this paper.
Comparison of echocardiographic and clinical characteristics in embolic stroke and migraine patients with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Polat Fuat , Kaya Zeynettin , Yaylak Barış , Onuk Tolga 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis single‐center observational study aimed to compare the echocardiographic and clinical features in patients diagnosed with migraine and embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) who presented with a known patent foramen ovale (PFO).MethodsTwo‐dimensional and color Doppler images were obtained using various transthoracic echocardiography views for both migraine and ESUS patients. Suspected PFO cases underwent further assessment through contrast echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). High‐risk PFO characteristics were evaluated using TEE, and the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPe) score was calculated.ResultsThe study included 310 participants (age range: 18–60, 73.2% female), with 43.5% diagnosed with migraine and 56.5% with ESUS. Common comorbidities included diabetes (26.1%). High‐velocity shunting through the interatrial septum was observed in 35.5% of patients. ESUS patients were older, with higher rates of diabetes and hypertension, while active smoking was more prevalent among migraine patients. Basic echocardiographic parameters were mostly similar, except for elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure in ESUS. ESUS patients exhibited a greater occurrence of large microbubble passage through the interatrial septum and longer PFO lengths compared to migraine patients. However, the RoPe and High‐risk PFO scores were similar between the groups.ConclusionsESUS patients, characterized by older age and higher rates of diabetes and hypertension, demonstrated increased pulmonary artery pressure, more significant microbubble crossings, and longer PFO lengths. Conversely, migraine patients had a higher prevalence of active smoking. Despite differing clinical profiles, the risk scores for PFO‐related embolic events were comparable between the groups. These findings underscore potential distinctions between ESUS and migraine patients with PFO and their implications for management strategies.
Large language models for science and medicine
Authors: Telenti Amalio , Auli Michael , Hie Brian L. , Maher Cyrus , Saria Suchi , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are a type of machine learning model that learn statistical patterns over text, such as predicting the next words in a sequence of text. Both general purpose and task‐specific LLMs have demonstrated potential across diverse applications. Science and medicine have many data types that are highly suitable for LLMs, such as scientific texts (publications, patents and textbooks), electronic medical records, large databases of DNA and protein sequences and chemical compounds. Carefully validated systems that can understand and reason across all these modalities may maximize benefits. Despite the inevitable limitations and caveats of any new technology and some uncertainties specific to LLMs, LLMs have the potential to be transformative in science and medicine.
Assessment of dental students' knowledge of infection control and prevention during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Budak Lea , Negovetić Vranić Dubravka , Vranić Lara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSince the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, new guidelines for dental practice were published. This research aims to examine the knowledge of dental students and their attitudes towards current guidelines.Materials and methodsThe study involved 76 fourth‐year dental medicine students from three public universities in Croatia. A survey questionnaire was developed based on in‐depth interviews and a pilot pretesting. The online questionnaire consisting of 36 questions was published using Google Forms. The survey data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and presented with descriptive statistics.ResultsSurvey data showed the dental students' knowledge of the guidelines for dental practices is at an insufficient level (average score of 67% correct answers). Students who have come across the guidelines outside the faculty environment through assistantships have demonstrated lesser knowledge (65%) of the guidelines than the ones who do not (68%). A similar trend is observed with dental students who grew up in a family of doctors of dental medicine (61%) and ones who did not (68%). Students also independently assessed their knowledge of the guidelines as moderate (3.15 out of 5), while evaluating the application of current guidelines as very important (4.38 out of 5).ConclusionAwareness of dental students should be improved by adapting the curriculum of dental studies and increasing the availability of information on current guidelines. Dental students need to be motivated to independently inform themselves about the current guidelines for dental practices, thus improving their clinical work.
Brief exposure to enriched environment rapidly shapes the glutamate synapses in the rat brain: A metaplastic fingerprint
Authors: Pintori Nicholas , Piva Alessandro , Mottarlini Francesca , Díaz Fernando Castillo , Maggi Coralie , Caffino Lucia , Fumagalli Fabio , Chiamulera Cristiano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to produce beneficial effects in addiction disorders; however, due to its configurational complexity, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Recent evidence suggests that EE, acting as a metaplastic agent, may affect glutamatergic mechanisms underlying appetitive memory and, in turn, modulate reward‐seeking behaviours: here, we have investigated such a possibility following a brief EE exposure.Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to EE for 22 h and the expression of critical elements of the glutamate synapse was measured 2 h after the end of EE in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (Hipp) brain areas, which are critical for reward and memory. We focused our investigation on the expression of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits, their scaffolding proteins SAP102 and SAP97, vesicular and membrane glutamate transporters vGluT1 and GLT‐1, and critical structural components such as proteins involved in morphology and function of glutamatergic synapses, PSD95 and Arc/Arg3.1.Our findings demonstrate that a brief EE exposure induces metaplastic changes in glutamatergic mPFC, NAc and Hipp. Such changes are area‐specific and involve postsynaptic NMDA/AMPA receptor subunit composition, as well as changes in the expression of their main scaffolding proteins, thus influencing the retention of such receptors at synaptic sites.Our data indicate that brief EE exposure is sufficient to dynamically modulate the glutamatergic synapses in mPFC‐NAc‐Hipp circuits, which may modulate rewarding and memory processes.
Early history of the European Journal of Neurology. A mirror of the evolution of Europe after 1989
Authors: Boller François , Petrov Anne , Sørensen Per Soelberg 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper retraces the early history of the European Journal of Neurology (EJN), as it is about to enter its 30th year. It describes how our discipline organized itself during the latter part of the 20th century in Europe. In some ways, the creation and the evolution of the journal parallel the process of unification of Europe in its current form in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It started as a new journal with no impact factor and no indexation. It grew progressively thanks to the support of the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) and from the European scientific community The progressive merging of EFNS with the European Society of Neurology and the creation of the European Academy of Neurology were essential for reaching the current prominence of EJN within neurological publishing and for making it the widely heard official voice of European neurology.
Anastomotic techniques for small intestinal obstruction in horses. A scoping review
Authors: Giusto Gessica , Cerullo Anna , Gandini Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSmall bowel obstruction (SBO) is a significant cause of surgery in adult horses presenting with colic pain. SBOs often require resection and anastomosis. While various techniques for intestinal anastomoses have been developed, it remains uncertain if any fully meet our clinical needs.ObjectiveTo conduct a scoping review of publications on anastomosis techniques and outcomes for the treatment of SBO.Study designScoping review.MethodsA literature review was conducted using the CAB, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Peer‐reviewed scientific articles in English, published between 1992 and 2023, were included. A quality assessment was performed for potentially eligible articles. Experimental studies, case reports, and case series with less than five cases were excluded and relevant data on study methods and sample size were extracted and charted from remaining articles. Anastomosis type and outcome were reported for articles considered potentially eligible for meta‐analysis. Articles in which only overall outcome was reported or details on type of anastomosis were not reported were excluded for the final charting.ResultsOf 3024 articles, 210 underwent a quality assessment. The most common study designs were case reports and case series (64.3%), followed by experimental studies (17.1%). After further exclusions, 104 articles met the inclusion criteria. In only 42 articles detailed data on type of anastomosis and relative outcome were reported. A total of 23 anastomosis types were reported for the treatment of SBO, with 6 different outcomes evaluated. Both short‐ and long‐term survival rates consistently exceed 70% for all types of anastomosis (jejuno‐jejunal, jejuno‐ileal, and jejunocaecal).Main limitationNon‐English language studies and conference proceedings were excluded.ConclusionThe body of literature focused on surgical treatment for SBO exhibits low‐quality evidence. Several techniques of anastomosis were described for different pathologies. However, there is a lack of homogeneity in reporting outcome for each surgical technique. Furthermore, outcomes considered varied significantly among studies and were sometimes poorly reported, although success rates are generally high. Overall, there is a need for better‐structured studies on existing and commonly used techniques before comparing techniques and exploring other innovative approaches.
Backtranslate what you are saying and I will tell who you are
Authors: Siino Marco , Lomonaco Francesco , Rosso Paolo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith this work, we hypothesize that semantically enriching a user's text corpus using backtranslation and expansion modules can improve performance for author profiling tasks. To perform this textual enrichment, we translate an author's representative text. Translations are made from one language—the source language—into another—the target language—and then back to the original one. Finally, we expand an author's text by integrating the original version with the back‐translated one. Our framework includes these backtranslation and expansion modules followed by a SOTA classifier successfully employed for text classification. The framework is tested on three author profiling datasets from the last three years’ shared tasks on fake news, hate speech, irony and stereotypes detection hosted at the CLEF conference for the PAN Lab. This work is an extension of our previous one where we just presented our main idea. Here we improve our framework, and we also investigate more languages and more datasets. Finally, a qualitative analysis is provided. The results confirm that the backtranslation and expansion add‐on modules improve model performance on all three datasets evaluated.
Fish weight reduction in response to intra‐ and interspecies competition under climate change
Authors: Lin Zhen , Ito Shin‐ichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs described by the temperature–size rule paradigm, fish living in warmer temperatures grow faster but have a smaller mature body size. However, the changes in the body size of fish communities in the western North Pacific, which is one of the most active fishing grounds, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in the body size of fish assemblages in the western North Pacific and whether fish sizes were potentially driven by the temperature–size rule, bottom‐up effects and intra‐ and interspecies competition at a community scale. We evaluated the fish weight data of 6 stocks of 4 species from 1978 to 2018 and 17 stocks of 13 species from 1995/1997 to 2018. Weight reduction in the fish assemblage was observed in the 1980s and was associated with the biomass peak of the Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus), indicating the effect of intra‐ and interspecies competition. Another weight reduction was observed in the 2010s, which was associated with a moderate increase in the biomass of the Japanese sardine and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Our analyses indicate that stronger stratifications in the surface layers during the 2010s potentially reduced the nutrient supply from the subsurface to the surface layers. This limitation in food availability forced intra‐ and interspecies competition under a moderate increase in fish biomass. Our findings underscore the critical significance of integrating the impacts of species competition and climate change on fish sizes to improve fishery management at a community level.
Community assembly of organisms regulates soil microbial functional potential through dual mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Lingyue , Luan Lu , Chen Yan , Wang Xiaoyue , Zhou Shungui , Zou Wenxiu , Han Xiaori , Duan Yinghua , Zhu Bo , Li Yan , Liu Wenzhao , Zhou Jizhong , Zhang Jiabao , Jiang Yuji , Sun Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnraveling the influence of community assembly processes on soil ecosystem functioning presents a major challenge in the field of theoretical ecology, as it has received limited attention. Here, we used a series of long‐term experiments spanning over 25 years to explore the assembly processes of bacterial, fungal, protist, and nematode communities using high‐throughput sequencing. We characterized the soil microbial functional potential by the abundance of microbial genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling using GeoChip‐based functional gene profiling, and determined how the assembly processes of organism groups regulate soil microbial functional potential through community diversity and network stability. Our results indicated that balanced fertilization (NPK) treatment improved the stochastic assembly of bacterial, fungal, and protist communities compared to phosphorus‐deficient fertilization (NK) treatment. However, there was a nonsignificant increase in the normalized stochasticity ratio of the nematode community in response to fertilization across sites. Our findings emphasized that soil environmental factors influenced the assembly processes of the biotic community, which regulated soil microbial functional potential through dual mechanisms. One mechanism indicated that the high phosphorus levels and low soil nutrient stoichiometry may increase the stochasticity of bacterial, fungal, and protist communities and the determinism of the nematode community under NPK treatment, ultimately enhancing soil microbial functional potential by reinforcing the network stability of the biotic community. The other mechanism indicated that the low phosphorus levels and high soil nutrient stoichiometry may increase the stochastic process of the bacterial community and the determinism of the fungal, protist, and nematode communities under NK treatment, thereby enhancing soil microbial functional potential by improving the β‐diversity of the biotic community. Taken together, these results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the assembly processes of the biotic community that regulate ecosystem functioning.
Dentistry for patients with haemophilia: Trialling a safe and economical change in management
Authors: Sundaresan Pritam Daniel , Kruger Estie , Lim Mathew , McGeachie John , Tennant Marc 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile the dental management of patients with haemophilia has changed considerably in the last decade, haemophiliacs in Western Australia have continued to receive pre‐operative factor support for dentistry regardless of the type of dental procedure.AimTo review the efficacy and safety of established dental protocols that reduce factor use in the dental management of patients with haemophilia and to estimate cost savings.MethodsRecords of 11 patients with haemophilia that were seen in the pilot programme period were reviewed. These were cross‐referenced with previous dental and haematology notes that stated the amount and type of pre‐operative factor used. Cost savings were estimated using the Australian National Blood Authority's Product List.ResultsAll study participants were male, and included those with haemophilia A (n = 9), and B (n = 2). Mean age was 45 years (range 22–80). A variety of dental treatments were undertaken, and no pre‐operative factor was used. Patients on prophylaxis (n = 6) received dental treatment the same day as their regular factor administration. It was estimated AUD$26,314 was saved by not using pre‐operative factor. One patient had bleeding post‐extraction and was seen the following day to achieve haemostasis using local measures. The remaining patients had no complaints of post‐operative bleeding, and did not require any further haemostatic measures.ConclusionThis pilot programme supports data that haemophiliacs can safely receive a variety of dental treatments without the need for pre‐operative factor, and the significant cost savings of doing so. Further data is required to support this protocol for invasive dental procedures.