bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low versus high cell turnover in diffusely growing non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Spina Donatella , Leoncini Lorenzo , Del Vecchio Maria T. , Megha Tiziana , Minacci Chiara , Poggi Simonetta A. , Piler Stefano , Tosi Piero , Kraft Rainer , Laissue Jean A. , Cottier Hans 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCell loss, perhaps as important as cell production in determining the size of an expanding cell population, has not usually been registered in quantitative cellular kinetic analyses of neoplastic disorders. The present retrospective study on various types and subtypes of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs;n=170) was designed to test the usefulness of a novel additional parameter, the ‘turnover index’ (TI), which is the sum per case of the mitotic index and the apoptotic index. Results document that TIs clearly distinguished between categories and subtypes of NHLs according to the Kiel classification. Cluster analysis of TIs plotted against the percentage of Ki‐67‐positive cells per case revealed that about one‐third of the high‐grade malignancy lymphomas actually belonged to the low‐turnover lymphomas. Overall survival was longer in the low‐ than in the high‐turnover group of lymphomas. Assessment of TIs can, for practical diagnostic purposes, be replaced by counting mitotic figures and apoptotic cells in several high‐power fields. The TI concept may help to interpret the kinetics of NHLs in terms of accumulation vs. proliferation of cells.
Standard and variant CD44 isoforms are commonly expressed in lung cancer of the non‐small cell type but not of the small cell type
Authors: Ariza Aurelio , Mate José L. , Isamat Marc , López Dolores , Von Uexküll‐Güldeband Claudia , Rosell Rafael , Fernández‐Vasalo Angela , Navas‐Palacios José J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) encompasses a polymorphic family of cell membrane glycoproteins involved in the mechanism of tumour invasion and metastasis. Since non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) display very different rates of progression, a significant discrepancy in their CD44 expression profiles is to be expected. An immunohistochemical study was undertaken on the expression of standard CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoforms containing the domains encoded by variant exon 3 (CD44v3) or variant exon 6 (CD44v6) in paraffin‐embedded bronchial biopsy specimens from 32 NSCLC cases and 11 SCLC cases. An absolute lack of immunoreactivity for CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 was obtained in every case of SCLC, whereas 28 of the 32 NSCLC cases showed a positive immunoreaction for at least one of the three epitopes investigated. In conclusion, the occurrence of standard and variant CD44 isoforms in NSCLC and their absence in SCLC suggest the possibility that CD44 is in some way instrumental in conditioning the biological behaviour of NSCLC, but not of SCLC, whose metastatic cascade would be set in motion by the activation of hitherto unidentified, CD44‐independent pathways.
The increased expression of adhesion molecules ICAM‐3, E‐ and P‐selectins on breast cancer endothelium
Authors: Fox S. B. , Turner G. D. H. , Gatter K. C. , Harris A. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSequential interaction of neoplastic cells with the endothelium of tumour neovasculature is believed to be a significant step in tumour metastasis. Increasing evidence suggests that inducible endothelial adhesion molecules are intimately involved in this process. An immunohistochemical approach was used to examine the expression of adhesion molecules in 14 normal controls and a series of 64 invasive breast carcinomas. Endothelium in normal breast showed constitutive expression of PECAM (100 per cent), ICAM‐2 (100 per cent), and P‐selectin (64 per cent); variable and focal expression of ICAM‐1 (71 per cent); and only weak staining for E‐selectin (21 per cent). No ICAM‐3 or VCAM‐1 expression was observed. Similarly to normal breast endothelium, widespread and intense immunoreactivity on the endothelium of tumour‐associated vessels was seen for PECAM (100 per cent), ICAM‐1 (69 per cent), and ICAM‐2 (95 per cent). In contrast to normal tissues, E‐ and P‐selectins showed increased intensity of staining (52 and 67 per cent of cases, respectively) and expression of E‐ and P‐selectins was more prominent at the tumour periphery. ICAM‐3 expression was increased on tumour endothelium (15 per cent of cases), but in common with VCAM‐1 (10 per cent) expression was focal. A previously unreported finding was the immunoreactivity of the neoplastic epithelial cells for the non‐epithelial lineage markers ICAM‐1 (34 per cent), ICAM‐3 (10·9 per cent), PECAM (1·6 per cent), and E‐ and P‐selectins (7 and 37 per cent of cases, respectively). These findings show that tumour endothelium displays significant heterogeneity and can assume a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, probably as a result of cytokine stimulation. Upregulation of adhesion molecules might contribute to changes in invasive phenotype by promoting endothelial cell adhesion and angiogenesis, as well as forming a substratum for tumour cells to assemble and attract macrophages.
Identification of a low‐risk group of stage I breast cancer patients by cytometrically assessed DNA and nuclear texture parameters
Authors: Aubele M. , Auer G. , Falkmer U. , Voss A. , Rodenacker K. , Jütting U. , Höfler H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImage cytometrical measurements were performed on Feulgen‐stained cells from 329 stage I breast cancers (pT1pN0,M0,R0). For each patient, several DNA (ploidy, S‐phase fraction, exceeding rates, 2c deviation index, ploidy balance, entropy, and histogram typing), morphometric (area and radius of nuclei), and textural parameters (mainly co‐occurrence and run‐length) were calculated. The prognostic value of these parameters was investigated by multivariate Cox regression analysis, considering a distant recurrence‐free survival of 8 years as the prognostic criterion. In the multivariate analysis, one DNA parameter (histogram type) and two textural parameters (co‐occurrence and variation of the average heterochromatin area) were proven to have independent prognostic value. Using a linear combination of these variables, a prognostic factor was calculated for each individual patient. Patients were stratified using this factor into several groups according to their risk for distant recurrence. Thus, a low‐risk group of stage I patients was identified, remaining distant recurrence‐free for 8 years. In addition, a group of patients with a worse prognosis and an 8‐year recurrence rate of about 26 per cent was identified, compared with the average distant recurrence rate of all stage I patients of 13 per cent. A combination of DNA and textural parameters can provide powerful prognostic information in stage I breast carcinomas and may allow a better selection of patients for different therapy protocols.
Grading of precancerous laryngeal lesions by multiparameter image analysis at separate epithelial layers
Authors: Dreyer Thomas , Popella Christian , Hinrichs Bernd , Bohle Rainer M. , Pohlmann Ulrike , Schulz Andreas , Glanz Hiltrud 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn order to detect early precancerous changes which do not involve the whole thickness of the epithelium, we used a novel image analysing program based on an IBAS system (Kontron, Germany) to determine nuclear DNA content (NC) as well as average nuclear area (NA) and variation of nuclear area (VA), in the entire epithelium and in three sublayers, parabasal, intermediate, and superficial. DNA aneuploidy was found in only half of the cases classified as ‘high‐grade’ (HG) lesions, comprising carcinoma in situ (CIS) and severe epithelial dysplasias (EDIII), and was chiefly demonstrable in the parabasal third of the epithelium. The other lesions were DNA euploid. HG lesions showed highly significant increases of NA and VA at the lower levels of the epithelium when compared with ‘low‐grade’ (LG) lesions comprising moderate and mild epithelial dysplasias (EDII and EDI). Our data show that the combination of multiparameter image analysis with conventional morphology assists in the objective grading of precancerous lesions and permits the reliable detection of high‐grade lesions.
Distribution of CD1A‐positive langerhans cells and lymphocyte subsets in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. An immunohistological study on frozen sections
Authors: Ioachim‐Velogianni Elli , Stavropoulos Nickolaos E. , Kitsiou Evangelia , Stefanaki Stella , Agnantis Niki J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of CD1a‐positive Langerhans cells, CD4‐positive T‐helper cells, and CD8‐positive T‐suppressor cells in 36 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was studied immunohistochemically on frozen sections. Multiple tissue specimens from the tumour, the adjacent mucosa, and random bladder wall biopsies were examined. Langerhans cells were mainly interspersed among the tumour cells, whereas T‐helper cells were present in aggregates in the stroma. T‐suppressor cells were present both in aggregates in the stroma and among the tumour cells. There was a marginal relationship between the density of Langerhans cells and the density of T‐helper/inducer cells and a good relationship with CD8‐positive cells. There was no statistically significant difference in the population density of Langerhans cells associated with the various clinicopathological variables, including growth pattern, histological grade and stage, or patient's age and sex. On the contrary, a statistically significant difference was found in the CD1a/CD4 ratio among specimens of different grades. These results show that CD1a cell populations correlate with T‐cell populations in bladder cancer, suggesting that Langerhans cells take part in the immune response carried out by T lymphocytes, their task being apparently antigen presentation.
Pulmonary eosinophilia in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Baxendine Julia A. , Moore Isabella E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA recent immunohistochemical study found increased numbers of eosinophils, but no mast cells, in the pulmonary parenchyma of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The present study tested the hypothesis that this pulmonary eosinophilia could be IgE‐mediated. Histomorphometry was used to compare the numbers of eosinophils, mast cells, and IgG‐, IgA‐, IgM‐ and IgE‐expressing lymphoid cells in the lungs of two groups of infants. Twenty‐eight subjects aged less than 1 year were selected from post‐mortem records of infant deaths between 1989 and 1992. Fourteen were cases of SIDS and these infants were matched for age and gender to 14 controls who died of other non‐pulmonary conditions. Immunohistochemical stains were used and positive cells were counted on six peribronchial and six subpleural fields. The numbers of eosinophils in both peribronchial and subpleural regions were significantly higher in SIDS compared with controls (P=0·0071 and P=0·041, respectively). The numbers of IgA‐expressing lymphoid cells were also significantly increased in SIDS cases (P=0·042). There were no differences in IgG, IgM or IgE expression or in mast cell numbers. These results confirmed that pulmonary eosinophils are increased in SIDS, but not through an IgE‐mediated pathway.
Transmural changes in mast cell density in rat heart after infarct induction in vivo
Authors: Engels Wim , Reiters Pascalle H. C. M. , Daemen Mat J. A. P. , Smits Jos F. M. , Van Der Vusse Ger J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cardiac distribution of mast cells was investigated after the induction of acute myocardial infarction in the rat. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded by ligation in the infarct group, whereas in sham rats only a superficial ligature was placed beside the LAD. Rats of both groups were killed at 4, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 85 days following surgery. Hearts were excised and formalin‐fixed. Mast cell densities were monitored in subepicardial and subendocardial layers of the left ventricle (LV) in 6 μm thick toluidine blue‐stained cross‐sections. In control (non‐operated) animals, mast cell densities were comparable in the LV subepicardial and subendocardial layers (1·5–2·0 cells per mm2). Following infarction, the mast cell density at the subepicardial site of the infarction gradually increased, reaching a maximum of 25 cells per mm2 on day 21, while a non‐significant increase was observed at the subendocardial site. In the non‐infarcted regions, the mast cell density increased transiently to reach a maximum of 7 cells per mm2 on day 35 in the subepicardial layer. Again, changes in mast cell density in the subendocardial layer were non‐significant. In the sham group, a gradual increase to 9 cells per mm2 on day 21 and a subsequent decrease to 5 cells per mm2 on day 85 were observed in the subepicardial layers. These findings indicate a massive accumulation of mast cells in the subepicardial layers of the infarcted region and a small but significant effect of the surgical procedure on cardiac mast cell deposition, especially in the outer layers of the left ventricle.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition prevents polyploidization of cardiomyocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats with left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Panizo‐Santos A. , Sola J. J. , Pardo‐Mindán F. J. , Hernández M. , Cenarruzabeitia E. , Díez J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolyploidization of cardiomyocyte nuclei is a physiological phenomenon that increases in pathological conditions such as myocardial hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefit of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor quinapril in reversing the polyploidization of cardiomyocyte nuclei in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with established left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Sixteen week‐old male SHR were treated with oral quinapril (average dose 10 mg/kg per day) for 20 weeks. Sixteen‐ and 36‐week‐old untreated SHR and 16‐ and 36‐week‐old normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as controls. Nuclear polyploidization was determined by DNA flow cytometry of frozen tissues from the left ventricle, at least 20 000 nuclei being measured in each sample. The rates of tetraploidy in the 16‐ and 36‐week‐old SHR groups were 2·8 per cent (range 2·16‐3 per cent) and 5·4 per cent (range 4·9–5·9 per cent), respectively. Treated SHR had a similar rate of DNA tetraploidy to the 16‐ and 36‐week‐old WKY rat groups: 1·8 per cent (range 1·5–2·3 per cent), 1·55 per cent (range 1·5–1·6 per cent), and 1·5 per cent (range 1·4–1·6 per cent), respectively. The differences in the percentage of tetraploid cardiomyocytes between the SHR untreated groups and the SHR treated group were statistically significant (P<0·05). Regression of LVH and normalization of blood pressure were observed in treated rats. These results indicate that DNA tetraploidy in the myocardium of SHR increases with hypertrophy and decreases on quinapril treatment. It is suggested that ACE inhibition modifies nuclear processes involved in myocyte growth in arterial hypertension.
Structure and properties of PBO–PEO diblock copolymer modified epoxy
Authors: Wu Junxian , Thio Yonathan S , Bates Frank S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAmphiphilic poly(n‐butylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PBO–PEO) diblock copolymers of various compositions were synthesized and studied as modifiers for epoxy resins. In blends of PBO–PEO, epoxy resin, and curing agent, the copolymers formed well‐defined microstructures that persisted upon curing of the epoxy. The resulting morphologies were vesicles, worm‐like micelles, and spherical micelles (in order of increasing size of PEO block), as well as transitional morphologies. Addition of 5% by weight of these block copolymers improved the fracture toughness of the epoxy by as much as 19 times with relatively small reduction in the elastic modulus. The highest level of toughness was measured in a system containing branched worm‐like micelles. Close examination of the fracture surfaces of these compositions suggests that although all the dispersed morphologies played a similar role to inclusions in particle‐toughened thermosets, crack deflection toughening contributed to the significantly higher levels of toughness in the worm‐like micelle systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Chem 43: 1950–1965, 2005
Development of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 in cornflakes
Authors: Paepens C. , De Saeger S. , Van Poucke C. , Dumoulin F. , Van Calenbergh S. , Van Peteghem C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of fumonisin B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2) and B3 (FB3) in cornflakes is described. During method development, special attention was paid to the selection of a suitable internal standard (IS) in order to offer a good alternative for deuterated FB1. In this respect, the C12‐sphinganine analogue (2S,3R)‐2‐aminododecane‐1,3‐diol was chosen because of its structural similarity to the fumonisin backbone and its chromatographic elution between the target analytes. For the extraction of the fumonisins from the cornflakes matrix, MeOH/H2O (adjusted to pH 4 with 0.1 M HCl; 70:30, v/v), ACN/MeOH/H2O (25:25:50, v/v/v) and acidified ACN/MeOH/H2O (25:25:50, v/v/v; pH 4) were evaluated. Preference was given to acidified MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) with mean recoveries (n = 12) for FB1, FB2 and FB3 of, respectively, 84 ± 10, 78 ± 7 and 85 ± 9%. Cleanup was performed using immunoaffinity columns (FumoniTest®, VICAM). The chromatography was performed under isocratic conditions at a flow of 0.3 mL min−1 with a mobile phase consisting of ACN/H2O (60:40, v/v) containing 0.3% formic acid. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). An intralaboratory validation was conducted with fortified samples determining limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), precision, trueness, specificity and measurement uncertainty. The LOD concentrations for FB1, FB2 and FB3 were 20, 7.5 and 12.5 µg/kg. The LOQs were 40 µg/kg for FB1, 15 µg/kg for FB2 and 25 µg/kg for FB3. The coefficients of variation (CVs) under repeatability conditions varied from 11 to 13% for FB1, from 9 to 14% for FB2 and from 7 to 10% for FB3. Under within‐laboratory reproducibility conditions, the CVs ranged from 12 to 17% for FB1, from 9 to 16% for FB2 and from 7 to 13% for FB3. The percent bias for FB1 varied from −12 to −10%, while for FB2 and FB3 bias ranged, respectively, from −4 to −2% and from −12 to −5%. The expanded measurement uncertainties for FB1, FB2 and FB3 were, respectively, 19, 18 and 22%. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic behavior of random heaps
Authors: Hough J. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe consider a random walk Wn on the locally free group (or equivalently a signed random heap) with m generators subject to periodic boundary conditions. Let #T(Wn) denote the number of removable elements, which determines the heap's growth rate. We prove that limn→∞𝔼(#T(Wn))/m ≤ 0.32893 for m ≥ 4. This result disproves a conjecture (due to Vershik, Nechaev and Bikbov [Comm Math Phys 212 (2000), 469–501]) that the limit tends to 1/3 as m → ∞. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Simultaneous labeling of mast cell proteases and protease mRNAs at the bone–implant interface of aseptically loosened hip implants
Authors: Qiu J. , Beckman M. J. , Qian J. , Jiranek W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman mast cells (MC) exhibit two distinct phenotypes based on the protease content of their secretory granules. MCTC cells express tryptase, chymase, cathepsin G, and mast cell carboxypeptidase, while MCT cells express only tryptase. Both mast cell phenotypes were assessed near regions of osteolysis in uninfected failed joint implants by immunohistochemistry with antibodies to tryptase and chymase, and by in situ hybridization with anti‐sense RNA probes for the respective mRNA molecules. Specimens from the interface membrane of 32 aseptically loosened total hip implants were studied, 28 of which had mast cells of the MCTC type. Most of these mast cells were aligned along the bone–prosthesis interface adjacent to loosened implants, suggesting involvement in the chronic inflammatory response that leads to bone resorption. Further ultrastructural evidence of mast cells in tissues from failed joint interface membranes was shown by transmission electron microscopy, and detection by staining after magnetic activated cell sorting. The presence of MC at the periprosthetic interface of eroded bone suggests MC degranulation and activity are associated with osteolysis in failed joint prostheses. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Rab-E GTPase Mutant Acts Downstream of the Rab-D Subclass in Biosynthetic Membrane Traffic to the Plasma Membrane in Tobacco Leaf Epidermis
Authors: Zheng Huanquan , Camacho Luísa , Wee Edmund , Batoko Henri , Legen Julia , Leaver Christopher J. , Malhó Rui , Hussey Patrick J. , Moore Ian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe function of the Rab-E subclass of plant Rab GTPases in membrane traffic was investigated using a dominant-inhibitory mutant (RAB-E1d[NI]) of Arabidopsis thaliana RAB-E1d and in vivo imaging approaches that have been used to characterize similar mutants in the plant Rab-D2 and Rab-F2 subclasses. RAB-E1d[NI] inhibited the transport of a secreted green fluorescent protein marker, secGFP, but in contrast with dominant-inhibitory RAB-D2 or RAB-F2 mutants, it did not affect the transport of Golgi or vacuolar markers. Quantitative imaging revealed that RAB-E1d[NI] caused less intracellular secGFP accumulation than RAB-D2a[NI], a dominant-inhibitory mutant of a member of the Arabidopsis Rab-D2 subclass. Furthermore, whereas RAB-D2a[NI] caused secGFP to accumulate exclusively in the endoplasmic reticulum, RAB-E1d[NI] caused secGFP to accumulate additionally in the Golgi apparatus and a prevacuolar compartment that could be labeled by FM4-64 and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)–tagged Arabidopsis RAB-F2b. Using the vacuolar protease inhibitor E64-d, it was shown that some secGFP was transported to the vacuole in control cells and in the presence of RAB-E1d[NI]. Consistent with the hypothesis that secGFP carries a weak vacuolar-sorting determinant, it was shown that a secreted form of DsRed reaches the apoplast without appearing in the prevacuolar compartment. When fused to RAB-E1d, YFP was targeted specifically to the Golgi via a saturable nucleotide- and prenylation-dependent mechanism but was never observed on the prevacuolar compartment. We propose that RAB-E1d[NI] inhibits the secretory pathway at or after the Golgi, causing an accumulation of secGFP in the upstream compartments and an increase in the quantity of secGFP that enters the vacuolar pathway.