bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Recognition of Concealed Fish Bones under Laryngoscopy: A Practical AI Model Based on YOLO‐V5
Authors: Tao Xiaoyao , Zhao Xu , Liu Hairui , Wang Jinqiao , Tian Chunhui , Liu Longsheng , Ding Yujie , Chen Xue , Liu Yehai 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFish bone impaction is one of the most common problems encountered in otolaryngology emergencies. Due to their small and transparent nature, as well as the complexity of pharyngeal anatomy, identifying fish bones efficiently under laryngoscopy requires substantial clinical experience. This study aims to create an AI model to assist clinicians in detecting pharyngeal fish bones more efficiently under laryngoscopy.MethodsTotally 3133 laryngoscopic images related to fish bones were collected for model training and validation. The images in the training dataset were trained using the YOLO‐V5 algorithm model. After training, the model was validated and its performance was evaluated using a test dataset. The model's predictions were compared to those of human experts. Seven laryngoscopic videos related to fish bone were used to validate real‐time target detection by the model.ResultsThe model trained in YOLO‐V5 demonstrated good generalization and performance, with an average precision of 0.857 when the intersection over union (IOU) threshold was set to 0.5. The precision, recall rate, and F1 scores of the model are 0.909, 0.818, and 0.87, respectively. The overall accuracy of the model in the validation set was 0.821, comparable to that of ENT specialists. The model processed each image in 0.012 s, significantly faster than human processing (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the model exhibited outstanding performance in video recognition.ConclusionOur AI model based on YOLO‐V5 effectively identifies and localizes fish bone foreign bodies in static laryngoscopic images and dynamic videos. It shows great potential for clinical application.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2162–2169, 2024
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Perioperative Laryngectomy Outcomes
Authors: Frenkel Catherine H. , Donahue Erin E. , Brickman Daniel , Hong Steven , Milas Zvonimir L. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePatients undergoing laryngectomy are particularly vulnerable to postoperative complications secondary to social and nutritional barriers, substance abuse, and prior cancer treatment. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs may mitigate this vulnerability and improve postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the postoperative complication rate and oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing laryngectomy before and after ERAS program implementation.MethodsA historic cohort of 50 patients who underwent laryngectomy at the Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina from 2014 to 2019 (pre‐ERAS) was compared to 33 patients who underwent laryngectomy after ERAS implementation from 2019 to 2020. The primary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), Clavien‐Dindo postoperative complications through 30 days following discharge, overall survival (OS), and recurrence‐free survival between pre‐ERAS and ERAS groups.ResultsDemographic characteristics between the two groups were similar. ERAS pathway implementation led to core care element consistency and improvement in the clinical perioperative course, including preoperative nutritional intervention (p = 0.009), postoperative ventilator independence (p = 0.0004), and refractory nausea/emesis (p = 0.18). Severe (≥ grade 3) complications (p = 0.49) and LOS (p = 0.68) were similar between groups. No significant difference in Cox proportional modeling of OS (p = 0.60) or recurrence‐free survival (p = 0.17) was noted.ConclusionsERAS did not improve LOS, major postoperative complications, or oncologic outcomes in this cohort of patients who underwent laryngectomy. However, ERAS positively influenced secondary endpoints within the laryngectomy perioperative course, conferring qualitative health care benefits.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2262–2268, 2024
Ellipse‐Like Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexed Holography and Efficient Decryption Utilizing a Composite Ellipse‐Like Lens
Authors: Xia Tian , Xie Zhenwei , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe utilization of orbital angular momentum (OAM) as an independent degree of freedom for information encryption has gained significant attention. Nevertheless, the multiplexing capacity of OAM is still constrained, and there is a lack of research on accelerated decryption techniques in OAM multiplexed holography. In this study, ellipse‐like orbital angular momentum (EL‐OAM) multiplexed holography is proposed and implemented. The ellipse‐like (EL) beam incorporates three modulatable parameters: topological charge, power index, and radial shift. To achieve efficient decryption, a composite ellipse‐like lens (CELL) is introduced that generates two EL beams carrying different OAMs at distinct axial positions, resulting in two reconstruction holographic images with approximately equal intensity. The mode selectivity of EL‐OAM based on the aforementioned parameters is investigated. Experimental verification demonstrates the feasibility of EL‐OAM multiplexed holography and its potential for fast decryption in various dimensions. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for practical information encryption and decryption systems.
Enhanced Terahertz Phonon Polariton in Lithium Niobate Chip
Authors: Zhang Baolong , Li Yifei , Wu Xiaojun , Xu Xitan , Lu Yao , Wu Qiang , Wang Xuan , Lei Hongyi , Ma Jinglong , Liao Guoqian , Li Yutong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTerahertz (THz) phonon polaritons, fundamental quasi‐particles that couple lattice vibrations with electromagnetic fields at THz frequencies, are found in a variety of materials that offer the potential for a wide range of THz optoelectronic devices and on‐chip integrated systems. However, these compact devices and on‐chip systems are hampered by the absence of on‐chip powerful THz phonon polariton sources. In this study, the efficient generation and amplification of THz phonon polaritons are proposed and directly visualized on a lithium niobate (LN) chip via a tilted pulsefront phase matching technique. By combining lateral pumping and phase matching schemes, two orders of magnitude are successfully attained in the interaction distance between the pump light and the LN chip, accompanied by a substantial amplification of generated THz phonon polariton. The results of this study may lead to abundant potential applications in chip scale THz photonic devices and systems based on LN materials and its integrated heterostructures.
Bacteriophage Engineering for Improved Copper Ion Binding
Authors: Korkmaz Nuriye , Himawan Sandiego , Usman Muhammed , Baik Seungyun , Kim Minyoung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, fd viruses are genetically modified to display seven cropped versions (H, HG, HGF, HGFA, HGFAN, HGFANV and HGFANVA) of the previously identified Cu(II) specific peptide (HGFANVA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging reveals the typical filamentous structures of recombinant phages with thicknesses of ≈2–5 nm in dry state. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging shows that HGFANVA viruses form larger elongated assemblies than H viruses that are deposited with a mineral layer after Cu(II) treatment. C and N peaks are detected for virus samples through Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirming the presence of phage organic material. Cu peak is only detected for engineered viruses after Cu(II) exposure. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses show the selective Cu(II) binding of engineered phages. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and zeta potential analyses reveal negative surface charges of engineered viral constructs. Positively charged Cytopore beads are coated with bacteriophages and used for Cu(II) ion sorption studies. ICP‐MS analyses clearly show the improved Cu(II) binding of engineered viruses with respect to wild‐type fd phages. Such bottom‐up constructed, genetically engineered virus‐based biomaterials may be applied in bioremediation studies targeting metal species from environmental samples.
A Novel Cu(II) Loaded Polypeptide SO2 Prodrug Nanoformulation Combining Chemodynamic and Gas Anticancer Therapies
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Yanfang , Ji Yingying , Wang Fang , He Pan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSulfur dioxide (SO2)‐based gas therapy and chemodynamic therapyare both reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated anticancer strategies, but there are few reports of their combined application. To this end, a novel graft‐type copolymeric SO2 prodrug, PLG‐g‐mPEG‐DNs, is designed and synthesized in this work. The amphiphilic polypeptides can self‐assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) and encapsulated Cu(II) ions by metal‐carboxyl coordination. In vitro release results showed that the obtained NPs‐Cu can respond to the acidic pH and high glutathione levels typical of a tumor microenvironment to release Cu(II) and SO2 simultaneously. Both a Cu(II)‐triggered Fenton‐like reaction and the SO2 gas would promote ROS production and upregulate the oxidative stress in tumor cells, leading to an enhanced killing effect towards 4T1 cancer cells compared to either Cu(II) or the NPs alone. Furthermore, the in vitro hemolysis of NPs‐Cu is less than 1.0% at a high concentration of 8 mg/mL, indicating good blood compatibility and the potential for in vivo tumor inhibition application.
Polymer Hydrogel Sheets with Perpendicular Cross‐Linking Gradient: Non‐Monotonic Actuation and Ion‐Specific Effects on the Actuation Kinetics
Authors: Puza Fatih , Thiel Marc Christopher , Wagner Yannic , Marx Michael , Motz Christian , Lienkamp Karen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon‐monotonous actuation, that is, different kinds of motion in response to a single stimulus, is observed in some natural materials but difficult to implement in synthetic systems. Herein, polymer hydrogel sheets made from polyacrylamide (PAAm) or poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA) with a cross‐linking gradient along the sheet thickness are reported. These are obtained by thermally initiated free radical polymerization using a specially designed Teflon mold with a glass lid. The resulting PAAm hydrogels undergo non‐monotonous actuation (rolling into a tube and re‐opening) when exposed to aqueous media as a single external stimulus. Their actuation kinetics is tuned with anions that have specific ion effects in their interaction with the surrounding solvent and the polymer itself: structure‐breaking chloride enhances the hydration of the polymer backbone, structure‐making sulfate decreases it, and is thus slowing down the actuation kinetics of the PAAm hydrogels. The PDMAA gel rolls up instantaneously in aqueous NaCl and only re‐opens after 24 h. PDMAA actuation in aqueous Na2SO4 is only moderate as the gel did not swell in that solvent. Bilayer hydrogels made from PAAm and PDMAA (without gradient) show monotonic actuation, closing in NaCl solution and re‐opening in Na2SO4.
Sulfur Free Crosslinking of EPDM Composites via Silane Grafting and Silica Incorporation
Authors: Chen Guowei , Vahidifar Ali , Yu Steven , Mekonnen Tizazu H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims at evaluating and developing an environmental‐friendly and sulfur‐free cured ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites. Silane grafted EPDM (SiEPDM) composites incorporated with silica is prepared via a solvent‐free, one‐step reactive mixing process. The silane grafting and silica filler bonding are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the developed composites are examined. The fracture morphology is observed using an environmental scanning electron microscopy. The rheology and thermomechanical properties are evaluated by using a rotational rheometer and dynamic mechanical analyzer. Notably, a robust bonding between silica and the grafted silane is established, yielding a crosslinking network within the composite structure. This phenomenon is substantiated by the observed gel efficiency and rheology behavior. Consequently, a pronounced augmentation of up to 75% in tensile strength and 29% in tear strength are observed in the optimized SiEPDM‐silica composites, distinguishing them from their EPDM‐silica counterparts. The introduction of paraffin oil contributes to enhanced processability; however, it is concomitant with a reduction in gel efficiency and associated mechanical properties. Furthermore, subsequent UV weathering test unveils that the SiEPDM‐silica composites exhibit the highest levels of residual tensile strength and modulus, indicative of their exceptional UV stability.
Efficiently building receive arrays with electromagnetic simulations and additive manufacturing: A two‐layer, 32‐channel prototype for 7T brain MRI
Authors: Gapais Paul‐François , Luong Michel , Nizery François , Maitre Gabriel , Giacomini Eric , Guillot Jules , Vignaud Alexandre , Berrahou Djamel , Dubois Marc , Abdeddaim Redha , Georget Elodie , Hosseinnezhadian Sajad , Amadon Alexis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeWe propose a comprehensive workflow to design and build fully customized dense receive arrays for MRI, providing prediction of SNR and g‐factor. Combined with additive manufacturing, this method allows an efficient implementation for any arbitrary loop configuration. To demonstrate the methodology, an innovative two‐layer, 32‐channel receive array is proposed.MethodsThe design workflow is based on numerical simulations using a commercial 3D electromagnetic software associated with circuit model co‐simulations to provide the most accurate results in an efficient time. A model to compute the noise covariance matrix from circuit model scattering parameters is proposed. A 32‐channel receive array at 7 T is simulated and fabricated with a two‐layer design made of non‐geometrically decoupled loops. Decoupling between loops is achieved using home‐built direct high‐impedance preamplifiers. The loops are 3D‐printed with a new additive manufacturing technique to speed up integration while preserving the detailed geometry as simulated. The SNR and parallel‐imaging performances of the proposed design are compared with a commercial coil, and in vivo images are acquired.ResultsThe comparison of SNR and g‐factors showed a good agreement between simulations and measurements. Experimental values are comparable with the ones measured on the commercial coil. Preliminary in vivo images also ensured the absence of any unexpected artifacts.ConclusionA new design and performance analysis workflow is proposed and tested with a non‐conventional 32‐channel prototype at 7 T. Additive manufacturing of dense arrays of loops for brain imaging at ultrahigh field is validated for clinical use.
Boosting food safety in Ghana: Exploring the future of nanotechnology
Authors: Lawal Mohammed , Payne Joseph , Onyeaka Helen , Alao AbdulKabir Mahmud , Okoampah Emmanuel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe issue of food fraud, safety and contaminants remains a topic of public concern, as it has been aligned to potential food scarcity. However, nanotechnology presents a promising opportunity for improving various industries, including food, agriculture, and health. This article aims to examine the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing food safety in Ghana, and its efficacy in addressing prevalent food safety challenges. Nano‐based approaches, such as nano‐packaging, nano‐sensing, nano‐additives, and other nano‐techniques, are discussed as effective methods for addressing major and emerging food safety issues in Ghana, such as food contaminants, antimicrobial resistance, food fraud and adulteration, and poor sanitary conditions. Additionally, the ethical and safety implications of these nano‐based approaches and particles are also deliberated.
Balancing graph Voronoi diagrams with one more vertex
Authors: Ducoffe Guillaume 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet be a graph with unit‐length edges and nonnegative costs assigned to its vertices. Given a list of pairwise different vertices , the prioritized Voronoi diagram of with respect to is the partition of in subsets so that, for every with , a vertex is in if and only if is a closest vertex to in and there is no closest vertex to in within the subset . For every with , the load of vertex equals the sum of the costs of all vertices in . The load of equals the maximum load of a vertex in . We study the problem of adding one more vertex at the end of in order to minimize the load. This problem occurs in the context of optimally locating a new service facility (e.g., a school or a hospital) while taking into account already existing facilities, and with the goal of minimizing the maximum congestion at a site. There is a brute‐force algorithm for solving this problem in time on ‐vertex ‐edge graphs. We prove a matching time lower bound–up to sub‐polynomial factors–for the special case where and , assuming the so called Hitting Set Conjecture of Abboud et al. On the positive side, we present simple linear‐time algorithms for this problem on cliques, paths and cycles, and almost linear‐time algorithms for trees, proper interval graphs and (assuming to be a constant) bounded‐treewidth graphs.
High‐frequency wide‐angle reflection and refraction method for structural engineering ground‐penetrating radar surveys
Authors: Campo Davide 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic wave velocity in ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) constant offset data can be estimated via the diffraction hyperbola fitting method. This method is applicable when radargrams contain diffraction events (hyperbolic patterns) caused by scatters in the host smaller or equal to the dominant wavelength. An alternative method for velocity estimation, if no intrusive information is available for a direct correlation, requires the collection of multi‐offset data. The method is quite common for broad geophysical applications; however, it seems not to be fully utilized for engineering applications, such as slabs/walls where thickness estimation and depth of the embedded features are critical requirements for structural assessments. This method would also overcome the limitations in velocity calibration in environments with no hyperbolic signal signatures. The aim of this study is to explore multi‐offset high‐frequency GPR applications, specifically the wide‐angle reflection and refraction method, for structural engineering, to understand whether it is feasible, possible limitations, and advantages. Numerical models reproducing reinforced concrete elements and a cavity wall were analysed to understand the wave behaviour and predict the response prior to testing on real cases. The main purpose is to explore how reinforcing bars can affect the velocity spectra derived from semblance analysis and what the response would be in a case of multi‐layered structure with increasing velocity with depth (cavity wall). The comparison with real cases showed that, despite some intrinsic limitations, high‐frequency multi‐offset approach could be part of standard workflow for all those surveys where no other velocity estimation method is feasible.
UV‐initiated preparation and absorption properties of pseudo‐polyrotaxane cyclodextrin‐based PVA/poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogel
Authors: Simayi Rena , Jiang Menghao , Sawut Amatjan , Song Huijun , Wang Junxiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recycling of dyes from dye wastewater is one of the most challenging problems in wastewater treatment. In this study, a pseudo‐polyrotaxane cyclodextrin based PVA/poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogel was prepared by UV‐initiated polymerization. The network structure of the hydrogel and the performance on the dye absorption were adjusted by controlling the content of cyclodextrin. The study was mainly focused on the absorption of methylene blue (MB) in different environments, selectivity of absorption in mixed solutions and the cyclic absorption behavior. At room temperature, the absorption efficiency of this hydrogel for MB and methylene green reached 91.37% and 94.23%, respectively. In addition, the hydrogel exhibited highly selective absorption towards MB in mixed dye solutions. In the absorption‐desorption cyclic experiments, a more cost‐effective and environmental friendly solvent, a mixture of ethanol and water, was used, and after ten cycles, the highest absorption efficiency was basically maintained. Hence, the hydrogel is expected to be a candidate for more efficient and economical absorbent material in dye wastewater treatment.
Ag/ZIF‐8/polyacrylonitrile flexible SERS substrate with high sensitivity for the surface corrosion analysis
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Zhou Sheng , Li Jiyuan , Chen Jiachang , Chen Junying , Huang Xia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of a novel and reliable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for the surface corrosion analysis of bronze relics is an attractive research topic in cultural relic protection. A high‐performance SERS substrate was developed in the current investigation using Ag/ZIF‐8/Polyacrylonitrile (Ag/ZIF‐8/PAN) nanofibers. Silver nanoparticles were grown in situ by zeolite imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles, and the substrate was examined in the surface corrosion analysis of bronze relics. In situ, growth of silver nanoparticles was ensured by the porous structure and active centers on ZIF‐8, coated on PAN nanofibers. Simultaneously, the adsorption of harmful rust‐alkaline copper chloride was enhanced on the surface of bronze relics. The extensive metal network was perturbed by the deposits, which substantially increased the intensity of the Raman characteristic peaks of the test objects. The signal strength of alkaline copper chloride at 118 cm−1 on the bronze surface increased from 1094 to 20,790. The exceptional SERS performance of silver nanoparticles with sharp edges demonstrates that the synergistic effect of ZIF‐8 nanoparticles and PAN nanofibers offers a considerable number of Raman‐enhanced hot spots. These results indicate that MOF‐based nanostructures offer a novel approach to enhancing the morphology of silver nanoparticles and expanding their potential applications in the field of cultural relic protection.