bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Pharmacokinetic Model for Anti-TNFα Clearance in Infants Exposed to Anti-TNFα During Pregnancy
Authors: Wieringa Jantien W , Kruizinga Matthijs D , Driessen Gertjan J A , van der Woude C Janneke , Julsgaard Mette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The ECCO guideline recommends postponing live attenuated vaccines in infants exposed to anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [anti-TNFα] in utero until drug clearance. The aim was to validate the predictive performance of the anti-TNFα clearance model.

Methods
Newborns and data for anti-TNFα concentrations from the prospective PETIT cohort were included. The anti-TNFα clearance model was used to predict all measured concentrations in the PETIT cohort, based on the measured cord blood concentration and the mean population clearance described in the model. Bayesian maximum a posteriori optimization was used to estimate the use of drug monitoring. Predictive capability and drug monitoring were assessed through mean absolute error [MAE], root mean squared prediction error, and limits of agreement according to Bland and Altman.

Results
Observed drug concentrations after birth were within the 80% prediction interval in 94% of adalimumab samples and 93% of infliximab samples. The anti-TNFα clearance model accurately predicted the concentration at 6 months after birth with an MAE of 0.03 µg/mL [SD 0.03] for adalimumab and 0.11 µg/mL [SD 0.18] for infliximab based on cord blood concentrations. Addition of an additional sample between 1 and 4 months after birth improved the predictive accuracy for infliximab (MAE 0.05 [SD 0.09]) but not for adalimumab. Guidance for use in clinical practice was formulated.

Conclusions
The validity of the anti-TNFα clearance model is high, and hence can be used to guide clinicians regarding the timing of live vaccines in infants exposed to adalimumab or infliximab in utero.
Non-fatal injuries among police officers during use-of-force encounters
Authors: Maguire E R , Paoline E A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Occupational injuries are common in police work due to routine exposure to conflict, violence, accidents, and other hazards. However, little is known about the factors associated with non-fatal job-related injuries among police officers.

Aims
To study the factors associated with non-fatal job-related injuries among Tucson, AZ, police officers during encounters involving the use of force.

Methods
Data were analysed on all use-of-force cases involving Tucson police officers from January 2018 through June 2020. Logistic regression models were used to assess the factors that influence the likelihood of officer injuries.

Results
Overall, about 11% of officers involved in a use-of-force encounter were injured. Multivariate analyses reveal that defensive physical resistance by the suspect increases injury risk among officers. When suspects assault officers or others during the encounter, the risk of officer injury also increases significantly. Certain types of force used by police, such as hands-on tactics and TASER use are also associated with increased risk of injury among officers. The age and race of the suspect are not associated with the likelihood of injury among officers.

Conclusions
Certain suspect behaviours and use-of-force modalities increase the risk of injury among officers. Understanding these risk factors can help employers put in place appropriate measures to reduce the risk of occupational injuries among police officers.
Experimental and Monte Carlo study of energy response of BEO-based OSL detectors within photon energy range up to 15 MeV
Authors: Chumak Vadim , Bakhanova Elena , Altunal Volkan , Lawrence Yaacov , Dubinski Sergey , Yu Yan , Liao Lydia , Yegingil Zehra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Response of personal dosemeters to high energy photon radiation is of great interest nowadays due to a spread of new radiation technologies and the expansion of occupational exposure domains. ICRU95 publication has expanded the range of relevant photon energies upwards, setting new horizons for individual monitoring. Beryllium oxide (BeO) material is increasingly popular due to its excellent optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties, simple readout and reasonable energy response in the low energy (below 100 keV) range. The study considers energy dependence of OSL response at higher photon energies. Energy deposition of monoenergetic photons with energy up to 15 MeV in the BeO chips of various thickness was modeled with Monte Carlo MCNP 6.2 code. Benchmark experiments were conducted at LINAC with high voltage of 6, 10 and 15 MV resulting in respective incident photon spectra. The findings of this study add knowledge regarding behavior of BeO personal dosemeters in the photon fields within the energy range above 3 MeV.
Investigation of 252Cf sources with a Ge gamma-ray detector
Authors: Becker Frank B E , Dagan Ron , Marquardt Christian M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of combining high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with the simulation capabilities of the Nucleonica Nuclear Science Portal with the aim to determine the properties of Cf sources. In this contribution, we present the results for a 20-month-old and a 49-year-old Cf source. In particular, the question arises whether the neutron emission rate can be determined using gamma-ray spectroscopy.
Environmental airborne tritium monitoring system based on absorption of tritiated water on calcium chloride
Authors: Tsroya Shimon , Kravchik Tuvia , Dolgin Bella 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Environmental monitoring of tritium around nuclear facilities is conducted in order to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements on the protection of members of the public. Multiple techniques are used to monitor its concentration in air, soil and flora. A new monitoring system was developed, which is based on the absorption of tritiated water on Calcium Chloride grains. Calcium Chloride has an improved capability to absorb water vapor, compared with other absorbents/adsorbents: it can absorb water vapor as much as three times its own weight. The Calcium Chloride is inserted inside a plastic bag where it interacts with environmental vapor through a membrane filter “window”. The tritium absorption rate is then controlled by adjusting the free area of the membrane filter. After the determination of the tritium activity absorbed in the calcium chloride using a liquid scintillation system, a model is used to estimate its airborne concentration, considering the environmental conditions.
sTREM2 is a plasma biomarker for human NASH and promotes hepatocyte lipid accumulation
Authors: Kothari Vishal , Savard Christopher , Tang Jingjing , Lee Sum P. , Subramanian Savitha , Wang Shari , den Hartigh Laura J. , Bornfeldt Karin E. , Ioannou George N. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Pathogenetic mechanisms of the progression of NAFL to advanced NASH coupled with potential noninvasive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets are active areas of investigation. The recent finding that increased plasma levels of a protein shed by myeloid cells —soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) —may be a biomarker for NASH has received much interest. We aimed to test sTREM2 as a biomarker for human NASH and investigate the role of sTREM2 in the pathogenesis of NASH.

Methods:
We conducted studies in both humans (comparing patients with NASH vs. NAFL) and in mice (comparing different mouse models of NASH) involving measurements of TREM2 gene and protein expression levels in the liver as well as circulating sTREM2 levels in plasma. We investigated the pathogenetic role of sTREM2 in hepatic steatosis using primary hepatocytes and bone marrow derived macrophages.

Results:
RNA sequencing analysis of livers from patients with NASH or NAFL as well as livers from 2 mouse models of NASH revealed elevated TREM2 expression in patients/mice with NASH as compared with NAFL. Plasma levels of sTREM2 were significantly higher in a well-characterized cohort of patients with biopsy-proven NASH versus NAFL (area under receiver-operating curve 0.807). Mechanistic studies revealed that cocultures of primary hepatocytes and macrophages with an impaired ability to shed sTREM2 resulted in reduced hepatocyte lipid droplet formation on palmitate stimulation, an effect that was counteracted by the addition of exogenous sTREM2 chimeric protein. Conversely, exogenous sTREM2 chimeric protein increased lipid droplet formation, triglyceride content, and expression of the lipid transporter CD36 in hepatocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of CD36 markedly attenuated sTREM2-induced lipid droplet formation in mouse primary hepatocytes.

Conclusions:
Elevated levels of sTREM2 due to TREM2 shedding may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD by promoting hepatocyte lipid accumulation, as well as serving as a biomarker for distinguishing patients with NASH versus NAFL. Further investigation of sTREM2 as a clinically useful diagnostic biomarker and of the therapeutic effects of targeting sTREM2 in NASH is warranted.
Incidence and Predictors of Pregnancy in Women Enrolled in Large Multinational HIV Treatment Trials of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group
Authors: Omoz-Oarhe Ayotunde E. , Hughes Michael D. , Yajing Bao , Short William R. , Mngqibisa Rosie , Cohn Susan E. , Weinberg Adriana , La Rosa Alberto , Collier Ann , Samaneka Wadzanai , Morroni Chelsea , Lockman Shahin 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
Women are under-represented in clinical trials and must often commit to using contraception to enroll. We sought to determine the incidence and predictors of pregnancy in women participating in HIV treatment trials.

Design:
Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Methods:
We included data from multicountry HIV treatment trials conducted during the period 2005–2019 by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group that included females with HIV who were of reproductive potential, did not intend to become pregnant, and agreed to use effective contraception during study treatment. We extracted data from all female participants of age 18–55 years, including occurrence and dates of pregnancy on-study; however, only a few incident pregnancy predictor variables were available for analysis.

Results:
One thousand six hundred twenty-six women from 4 trials were included. Over a median of 28 months (6461 person-years) of follow-up, 143 (9%) women became pregnant, for an overall incidence of 2.2 pregnancies/100 person-years (range 0.5–3/100 person-years, by study). In multivariable analysis including baseline age, type of regimen, and country as predictor variables, younger age remained the strongest predictor of incident pregnancy (P < 0.0001 adjusted for country and antiretroviral treatment regimen). CD4 and HIV-1 RNA were not associated with pregnancy incidence.

Conclusions:
Pregnancy incidence was 2.2/100 person-years in female participants of HIV treatment trials. Rather than leading to exclusion of young women from trials, this finding should prompt appropriate adaptations in study design and analysis for earlier generation of pregnancy safety information for drugs.
Elective Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hernia Repair leads to an Increase in Life-Expectancy over Watchful Waiting in Asymptomatic Patients
Authors: DeMeester Steven R. , Bernard Lisa , Schoppmann Sebastian F. , Kloosterman Robert , Roth J. Scott 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to perform an updated Markov analysis to determine the optimal management strategy for patients with an asymptomatic paraesophageal hernia (PEH): elective laparoscopic hernia repair (ELHR) versus watchful waiting (WW).

Summary background data:
Currently it is recommended that patients with an asymptomatic PEH not undergo repair based on a 20-year-old Markov analysis. The current recommendation might lead to preventable hospitalizations for acute PEH-related complications and compromised survival.

Methods:
A Markov model with updated variables was used to compare life-years (LYs) gained with ELHR versus WW in patients with a PEH. One-way sensitivity analyses evaluated the robustness of the analysis to alternative data inputs, while probabilistic sensitivity analysis quantified the level of confidence in the results in relation to the uncertainty across all model inputs.

Results:
At age 40-90 ELHR led to greater life expectancy than WW, particularly in women. The gain in L-Ys (2.6) was greatest in a 40-year-old woman and diminished with increasing age. Sensitivity analysis showed that alternative values resulted in modest changes in the difference in L-Ys, but ELHR remained the preferred strategy. Probabilistic analysis showed that ELHR was the preferred strategy in 100% of 10,000 simulations for age 65, 98% for age 80, 90% for age 85 and 59% of simulations in 90-year-old women.

Conclusions:
This updated analysis showed that ELHR leads to an increase in L-Ys over WW in healthy patients aged 40-90 years with an asymptomatic PEH. In this new paradigm all patients with a PEH, regardless of symptoms, should be referred for consideration of elective repair to maximize their life expectancy.
Face masks to control the source of respiratory infections: A systematic review of the scientific literature before and after COVID-19
Authors: Brown Elissa , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the scientific literature on mask-use as source control to protect others from respiratory infections before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe examined primary research on mask usage as a means of source control to protect others by reducing the spread of respiratory diseases and contrasted the literature published before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with that published afterward. Articles were obtained through a search of PubMed and a review of article references. March 1, 2020 was selected as the cutoff date to distinguish between the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods.Results195 articles met our inclusion criteria. The sample included 55 articles on source control published before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 140 articles published after the pandemic began, representing a 154.5% increase. The percentage of randomized control trials (RCT) and cluster RCTs declined by 94.9% (p<0.001), representing only 1.4% of the post-pandemic literature. The percentage of studies conducted on human subjects declined by 48.8% (p<0.001), and the percentage of studies in healthcare facilities declined by 64.5% (p=0.019). One in 5 post-pandemic studies (21.4%) were conducted in “real world” settings; 1 in 10 post-pandemic studies (10.0%) were done with computer modeling. Study authors were significantly more supportive of masks as source control in the post-pandemic literature.ConclusionsThe quality of evidence in the published literature on masks as source control is lower after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with notable shifts in methodologies, research subjects, setting, and author tone.
Tongue swab testing on two automated tuberculosis diagnostic platforms, Cepheid Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra and Molbio Truenat® MTB Ultima
Authors: Wood Rachel C. , Luabeya Angelique K. , Dragovich Rane B. , Olson Alaina M. , Lochner Katherine A. , Weigel Kris M. , Codsi Renée , Mulenga Humphrey , de Vos Margaretha , Kohli Mikashmi , Penn-Nicholson Adam , Hatherill Mark , Cangelosi Gerard A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTTongue dorsum swabbing is a potential alternative to sputum collection for tuberculosis (TB) testing. Previous studies showed that Cepheid Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) can detectMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) DNA in tongue swabs stored in buffer, with 72% sensitivity and 100% specificity relative to a sputum microbiological reference standard (sputum MRS). The present study evaluated a more convenient sample collection protocol (dry swab storage), combined with streamlined sample processing protocols, for side-by-side analysis using two commercial TB diagnostic tests: Xpert Ultra and Molbio Truenat® MTB Ultima (MTB Ultima). Copan FLOQSwabs were self-collected, or collected by study workers, from 321 participants in Western Cape, South Africa. All participants had symptoms suggestive of TB, and 245 of them had sputum MRS-confirmed TB (by sputum culture and/or Xpert Ultra). One tongue swab per participant was tested on Xpert Ultra and another tongue swab was tested with MTB Ultima. Xpert Ultra was 75.4% sensitive and 100% specific, and MTB Ultima was 71.6% sensitive and 96.9% specific, relative to sputum MRS. When sample lysates that were false-negative by MTB Ultima were frozen, thawed, and re-tested, MTB Ultima sensitivity rose to 79.1%. Both tests were more sensitive with swabs from participants with higher sputum Xpert semi-quantitative results. The protocol for Xpert Ultra enabled fast and easy testing of dry-stored swabs with no loss of accuracy relative to previous methods. MTB Ultima testing of dry-stored swabs exhibited comparable performance to Xpert Ultra. These results further support tongue swabs as easy-to-collect samples for high-throughput TB testing.
Site-specific arrangement and structure determination of minor groove binding molecules in self-assembled three-dimensional DNA crystals
Authors: Simmons Chad R. , Buchberger Alex , Henry Skylar J.W. , Novacek Alexandra , Fahmi Nour Eddine , MacCulloch Tara , Stephanopoulos Nicholas , Yan Hao 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe structural analysis of guest molecules in rationally designed and self-assembling DNA crystals has proven elusive since its conception. Oligonucleotide frameworks provide an especially attractive route towards studying DNA-binding molecules by using three-dimensional lattices with defined sequence and structure. In this work, we site-specifically position a suite of minor groove binding molecules, and solve their structures via x-ray crystallography, as a proof-of-principle towards scaffolding larger guest species. Two crystal motifs were used to precisely immobilize the molecules DAPI, Hoechst, and netropsin at defined positions in the lattice, allowing us to control occupancy within the crystal. We also solved the structure of a three-ring imidazole-pyrrole-pyrrole polyamide molecule, which sequence-specifically packs in an anti-parallel dimeric arrangement within the minor groove. Finally, we engineered a crystal designed to position both netropsin and the polyamide at two distinct locations within the same lattice. Our work elucidates the design principles for the spatial arrangement of functional guests within lattices and opens new potential opportunities for the use of DNA crystals to display and structurally characterize small molecules, peptides, and ultimately proteins of unknown structure.
Self-goal setting as a way to career sustainability: exploring the roles of career crafting and perceived organizational goal clarity
Authors: Ge Xiaolin , Yu Haibo , Zhang Qing , Song Shanghao , Liu Siyuan 
Published: October 2023

PurposeAs an increasingly important variable in the career field, career sustainability has received particular attention, yet few empirical studies have been conducted to examine its antecedents. The authors propose a moderated mediation model based on the goal-setting theory and the wise proactivity perspective for exploring when and how self-goal setting can influence career sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a time-lagged design and collect three waves of data from 1,260 teachers in basic education schools in China. The authors test the proposed hypotheses with SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3.FindingsThe results show that self-goal setting positively relates to career sustainability and that career crafting plays a mediating role in this relationship. This relationship is strengthened when perceived organizational goal clarity is high.Originality/valueThe authors extend the application scenarios of the goal-setting theory to the field of career research and find out that self-goal setting is also a self-initiated and wise antecedent of career sustainability. From a wise proactivity perspective, the authors examine the mediating mechanism of career crafting to make positive career outcomes. Furthermore, the authors consider the impact of perceived organizational goal clarity as a boundary condition and broaden the understanding of “when to wise proactivity” from the goal-setting theory.
Fast solution of reliability-based robust design optimization by reducing the evaluation number for the performance functions
Authors: Lai Xiongming , Chen Yuxin , Zhang Yong , Wang Cheng 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe paper proposed a fast procedure for solving the reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) by modifying the RBRDO formulation and transforming it into a series of RBRDO subproblems. Then for each subproblem, the objective function, constraint function and reliability index are approximated using Taylor series expansion, and their approximate forms depend on the deterministic design vector rather than the random vector and the uncertain estimation in the inner loop of RBRDO can be avoided. In this way, it can greatly reduce the evaluation number of performance function. Lastly, the trust region method is used to manage the above sequential RBRDO subproblems for convergence.Design/methodology/approachAs is known, RBRDO is nested optimization, where the outer loop updates the design vector and the inner loop estimate the uncertainties. When solving the RBRDO, a large evaluation number of performance functions are needed. Aiming at this issue, the paper proposed a fast integrated procedure for solving the RBRDO by reducing the evaluation number for the performance functions. First, it transforms the original RBRDO problem into a series of RBRDO subproblems. In each subproblem, the objective function, constraint function and reliability index caused are approximated using simple explicit functions that solely depend on the deterministic design vector rather than the random vector. In this way, the need for extensive sampling simulation in the inner loop is greatly reduced. As a result, the evaluation number for performance functions is significantly reduced, leading to a substantial reduction in computation cost. The trust region method is then employed to handle the sequential RBRDO subproblems, ensuring convergence to the optimal solutions. Finally, the engineering test and the application are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.FindingsThe paper proposes a fast procedure of solving the RBRDO can greatly reduce the evaluation number of performance function within the RBRDO and the computation cost can be saved greatly, which makes it suitable for engineering applications.Originality/valueThe standard deviation of the original objective function of the RBRDO is replaced by the mean and the reliability index of the original objective function, which are further approximated by using Taylor series expansion and their approximate forms depend on the deterministic design vector rather than the random vector. Moreover, the constraint functions are also approximated by using Taylor series expansion. In this way, the uncertainty estimation of the performance functions (i.e. the mean of the objective function, the constraint functions) and the reliability index of the objective function are avoided within the inner loop of the RBRDO.