bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenetic differences between Caucasian women with and those without silicone implants in whom myositis develops
Authors: O'Hanlon Terrance , Koneru Bhanu , Bayat Elham , Love Lori , Targoff Ira , Malley James , Malley Karen , Miller Frederick ,   Environmental Myositis Study Group
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether patients in whom myositis develops after they receive silicone breast implants have distinct clinical, serologic, and/or immunogenetic features compared with patients with myositis who do not have silicone implants.MethodsA preliminary case series study was followed by a larger, independent, matched case–control study to evaluate women in whom myositis developed after they received silicone implants (MASI patients) compared with healthy women with silicone implants and women with myositis but without silicone implants (idiopathic inflammatory myopathy; IIM patients).ResultsIn a preliminary study, 11 MASI patients differed from 76 IIM patients in having an increased frequency of HLA–DQA1*0102 (odds ratio [OR] 9.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.77–96.79) and decreased frequencies of the myositis‐associated risk factor DRB1*0301 (OR 0.1 [95% CI 0.002–0.63]) and its linked allele DQA1*0501 (OR 0.2 [95% CI 0.02–0.87]). A subsequent independent, matched case–control study revealed that although clinical features and autoantibodies did not differ significantly between the MASI and IIM groups, MASI patients again had decreased frequencies of DRB1*0301 (OR 0.2 [95% CI 0.07–0.72]) and DQA1*0501 (OR 0.2 [95% CI 0.08–0.84]) compared with IIM patients. Additional comparisons between MASI patients from both studies combined (n = 37) and a larger population of IIM patients (n = 453) suggested that HLA–DQA1*0102 may be uniquely associated with MASI (OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.25–5.46]).ConclusionWomen in whom inflammatory myopathy develops after they receive silicone implants constitute an immunogenetically distinct group of patients with myositis. These and other data suggest that autoimmune diseases as now defined may consist of multiple distinct entities, each of which is characterized by different genes and environmental exposures.
Particular HLA–DRB1 shared epitope genotypes are strongly associated with rheumatoid vasculitis
Authors: Gorman Jennifer D. , David‐Vaudey Eve , Pai Madhukar , Lum Raymond F. , Criswell Lindsey A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship of the HLA–DRB1 shared epitope (SE) to rheumatoid vasculitis, using individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analytic methods.MethodsPublished studies that enrolled adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified by searches of Medline and Embase, and by manual searches of medical journals. All authors were contacted for IPD. Meta‐analyses were performed to assess the association of SE presence, dose, and genotype with rheumatoid vasculitis.ResultsA total of 14 studies and 1,568 patients (129 with vasculitis) were included in the analysis. RA patients with vasculitis were significantly more likely to have rheumatoid nodules (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.5–3.9], but there was no significant association with male sex, rheumatoid factor positivity, or erosive disease. No significant association was observed between the presence of the SE (i.e., 1 or 2 alleles versus 0 alleles) and rheumatoid vasculitis (summary OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.7–2.7). Analysis by SE genotype, however, demonstrated a striking relationship of vasculitis to 3 genotypes containing a double dose of the SE, specifically HLA–DRB1*0401/*0401 (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.01–37.9), *0401/*0404 (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1–16.2), and *0101/*0401 (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4–11.6).ConclusionThe HLA–DRB1 SE genotypes *0401/*0401, *0401/*0404, and *0101/*0401 may be of particular importance to rheumatoid vasculitis. It is hoped that additional investigation of these and other SE genotypes will lead to improved insight into the mechanisms influencing the clinical expression of RA.
Clonal B cell populations in the blood and liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Vallat Laurent , Benhamou Yves , Gutierrez Maya , Ghillani Pascale , Hercher Christel , Thibault Vincent , Charlotte Frédéric , Piette Jean‐Charles , Poynard Thierry , Merle‐Béral Hélène , Davi Frédéric , Cacoub Patrice 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia is well established, but the role of HCV in B cell lymphoma remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of circulating and liver‐infiltrating monoclonal B cells in patients with HCV infection.MethodsOne hundred sixty patients were studied prospectively, including 115 HCV‐positive patients and 45 HCV‐negative patients with other nonimmune chronic liver disease(s). B cell clonality was determined by DNA amplification of the IgH rearrangements, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.ResultsA clonal B cell population was detected in the blood of 21 (26%) of 81 HCV‐positive patients whose cryoglobulin status was known, including 12 of 25 patients with type II cryoglobulinemia, 2 of 12 patients with type III cryoglobulinemia, and 7 of 44 patients without cryoglobulins. A clonal IgH rearrangement was detected in 26 (32%) of 81 liver biopsy specimens from HCV‐ infected patients, including 16 patients with a circulating clonal population. A clonal B cell population was not observed in the blood of 40 patients with non‐HCV liver diseases and was present in only 1 (3%) of 30 liver biopsy specimens. Logistic regression analysis showed that HCV‐infected patients with clonal B cell proliferation in both the blood and liver were older (P = 0.004) and had longer duration of HCV infection (P = 0.009), higher serum cryoglobulin levels (P = 0.001) that were more frequently symptomatic (P < 0.03), and liver disease that was more severe than that in patients without a clonal B cell population in the blood or liver (P = 0.05). In 4 of 16 patients with a clonal B cell population in both the blood and liver, a definite B cell malignancy was finally diagnosed.ConclusionClonal B lymphocytes are frequently detected in the blood and liver of patients with chronic HCV infection, in the absence of overt B cell malignancy. These clones are usually, but not always, associated with the presence of type II cryoglobulins. A high percentage of patients with B cell clonality in both the blood and liver were finally diagnosed as having a definite B cell malignancy.
Minocycline‐induced hyperpigmentation masquerading as alkaptonuria in individuals with joint pain
Authors: Suwannarat Pim , Phornphutkul Chanika , Bernardini Isa , Turner Maria , Gahl William A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAlkaptonuria, a rare autosomal‐recessive disorder caused by mutations in the HGD gene and a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase, is characterized by accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA), ochronosis, and destruction of connective tissue resulting in joint disease. Certain medications have been reported to cause cutaneous hyperpigmentation resembling that of alkaptonuria. We present 5 such cases. Eighty‐eight patients with a possible diagnosis of alkaptonuria were examined at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center between June 2000 and March 2004. The diagnosis of alkaptonuria was confirmed or ruled out by measurement of HGA in the urine. Five patients with findings consistent with ochronosis, including pigmentary changes of the ear and mild degenerative disease of the spine and large joints, were diagnosed clinically as having alkaptonuria, but the diagnosis was withdrawn based on normal urine HGA levels. All 5 patients were women who had taken minocycline for dermatologic or rheumatologic disorders for extended periods. Minocycline‐induced hyperpigmentation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ochronosis. This could be of increased significance now that minocycline and other tetracyclines have been proposed as therapeutic options for rheumatoid arthritis, bringing a new population of patients with ochronosis and arthritis to medical attention with the potential, but incorrect, diagnosis of alkaptonuria.
The combination of SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 (the SOX trio) provides signals sufficient for induction of permanent cartilage
Authors: Ikeda Toshiyuki , Kamekura Satoru , Mabuchi Akihiko , Kou Ikuyo , Seki Shoji , Takato Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Kozo , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Ikegawa Shiro , Chung Ung‐il 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo regenerate permanent cartilage, it is crucial to know not only the necessary conditions for chondrogenesis, but also the sufficient conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the signal sufficient for chondrogenesis.MethodsEmbryonic stem cells that had been engineered to fluoresce upon chondrocyte differentiation were treated with combinations of factors necessary for chondrogenesis, and chondrocyte differentiation was detected as fluorescence. We screened for the combination that could induce fluorescence within 3 days. Then, primary mesenchymal stem cells, nonchondrogenic immortalized cell lines, and primary dermal fibroblasts were treated with the combination, and the induction of chondrocyte differentiation was assessed by detecting the expression of the cartilage marker genes and the accumulation of proteoglycan‐rich matrix. The effects of monolayer, spheroid, and 3‐dimensional culture systems on induction by combinations of transcription factors were compared. The effects of the combination on hypertrophic and osteoblastic differentiation were evaluated by detecting the expression of the characteristic marker genes.ResultsNo single factor induced fluorescence. Among various combinations examined, only the SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 combination (the SOX trio) induced fluorescence within 3 days. The SOX trio successfully induced chondrocyte differentiation in all cell types tested, including nonchondrogenic types, and the induction occurred regardless of the culture system used. Contrary to the conventional chondrogenic techniques, the SOX trio suppressed hypertrophic and osteogenic differentiation at the same time.ConclusionThese data strongly suggest that the SOX trio provides signals sufficient for the induction of permanent cartilage.
Erythropoietin production rate in phlebotomy‐induced acute anemia
Authors: Al‐Huniti N.H. , Widness J.A. , Schmidt R.L. , Veng‐Pedersen P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective. To estimate the rate of erythropoietin (EPO) production under physiological, conditions and to examine the regulatory mechanism of EPO production in response to acute phlebotomy‐induced anemia.Methods. Six sheep each underwent two phlebotomies in which the hemoglobin (Hb) was reduced to 3–4 g/dl over 4–5 h. The EPO plasma level, reticulocytes, Hb and EPO clearance were followed by frequent blood sampling. The EPO production rate was determined by a semi‐parametric method based on a disposition decomposition analysis that accounts for the nonlinear disposition kinetics of EPO and corrects for time‐dependent changes in the clearance.Results. The controlled drop in hemoglobin resulted in an abrupt increase in the plasma EPO concentration (peak level 812 ± 40 mU/ml, mean ± CV%) that was followed by a rapid drop 2–4 days after the phlebotomy at a time when the sheep were still anemic (Hb = 4.3 ± 16 g/dl). The EPO production rate at baseline was 43 ± 52 U/day/kg and the amounts of EPO produced over an 8 day period resulting from the first and second phlebotomy were 2927 ± 40 U/kg and 3012 ± 31 U/kg, respectively.Conclusions. The rapid reduction in the EPO plasma level observed 2–4 days following the phlebotomy cannot be explained solely by the increase in EPO clearance but also by a reduction in EPO production. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einflüsse auf die Betoneigenschaften durch den Einsatz von PP‐Fasern zur Erhöhung der Brandbeständigkeit von WDI‐Innenschalen
Authors: Pichler Walter , Wagner Oliver K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDurch die Zugabe von 2 kg/m3 PP‐Fasern kann ein Abplatzen von Innenschalenbeton auch unter den extremen Bedingungen eines Brandes im Tunnel zuverlässig verhindert werden. Durch die Fasern werden die Betoneigenschaften verändert. Insbesondere bei bewehrten Innenschalen werden die Einbaueigenschaften negativ beeinflußt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die diesbezüglichen Erkenntnisse aus Laborversuchen erläutert, welche nach der baupraktischen Erprobung bereits erfolgreich auf einer Baustelle in Wien eingesetzt werden konnten. Des weiteren werden Hinweise auf zu beachtende Einflußfaktoren gegeben.
Generating favorable nano‐environments for thermal and solvent stabilization of immobilized β‐galactosidase
Authors: Irazoqui Gabriela , Villarino Andrea , Batista‐Viera Francisco , Brena Beatriz M. 
Published: November 2004

Abstractβ‐Galactosidase (Escherichia coli) was immobilized through its thiol groups on thiolsulfinate‐agarose gel. After enzyme immobilization, different nano‐environments were generated by reacting the excess of gel‐bound thiolsulfinate moieties with 2‐mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (S‐gel), glutathione (G‐gel), cysteamine (C‐gel), and mercaptoethanol (M‐gel). Concerning thermal stability at 50°C, the G‐gel and the M‐gel derivatives were the most stable with residual activity values of 67% and 45%, respectively. The stability in several solvent systems was studied: ethyl acetate (1.6% vol/vol), ethylene glycol (50% vol/vol), and 2‐propanol (50% vol/vol). In ethyl acetate, both the M‐gel and S‐gel were highly stabilized; the time required for activity to decay to 80% of the initial activity was increased 29‐fold for the M‐gel and 20‐fold for the S‐gel with respect to the soluble enzyme. The G‐gel was the least stable of all the derivatives. The different behaviors of the derivatives in thermal and solvent stability studies suggest that each nano‐environment contributes differently to the enzyme stability, depending on the denaturing conditions. Therefore, it may be possible to tailor the matrix surface to maximize enzyme stability in particular applications. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 430–434, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10109
Continuous protein recovery from whey using liquid‐solid circulating fluidized bed ion‐exchange extraction
Authors: Lan Qingdao , Bassi Amarjeet , Zhu Jing‐Xu (Jesse) , Margaritis Argyrios 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA liquid‐solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) continuous ion‐exchange extraction system has been investigated for total protein recovery from whey solutions under various operating conditions. The effectiveness of a dynamic seal was evaluated between the riser and the downcomer, and the best conditions for the establishment of this seal were established. Start‐up studies indicated that the system is robust and stable. Under optimal conditions, a productivity of 8.2 g of total protein removed per hour per kilogram of resin was achieved with a protein removal efficiency of 78.4%. However, higher overall protein recovery of up to 90% was also achieved under other conditions, with lower protein concentration in the effluent and a lower overall productivity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 157–163, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10171
Production of galacto‐oligosaccharides from lactose by Aspergillus oryzae β‐galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth
Authors: Albayrak Nedim , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe production of galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose by A. oryzae β‐galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth was studied. The total amounts and types of GOS produced were mainly affected by the initial lactose concentration in the reaction media. In general, more and larger GOS can be produced with higher initial lactose concentrations. A maximum GOS production of 27% (w/w) of initial lactose was achieved at 50% lactose conversion with 500 g/L of initial lactose concentration. Tri‐saccharides were the major types of GOS formed, accounting for more than 70% of the total GOS produced in the reactions. Temperature and pH affected the reaction rate, but did not result in any changes in GOS formation. The presence of galactose and glucose at the concentrations encountered near maximum GOS greatly inhibited the reactions and reduced GOS yield by as much as 15%. The cotton cloth as the support matrix for enzyme immobilization did not affect the GOS formation characteristics of the enzyme, suggesting no diffusion limitation in the enzyme carrier. The thermal stability of the enzyme increased ∼25‐fold upon immobilization on cotton cloth. The half‐life for the immobilized enzyme on cotton cloth was more than 1 year at 40°C and 48 days at 50°C. Stable, continuous operation in a plugflow reactor was demonstrated for 2 weeks without any apparent problem. A maximum GOS production of 21 and 26% (w/w) of total sugars was attained with a feed solution containing 200 and 400 g/L of lactose, respectively, at pH 4.5 and 40°C. The corresponding reactor productivities were 80 and 106 g/L/h, respectively, which are at least several‐fold higher than those previously reported. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 8–19, 2002.
Process development for a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line utilizing a metal induced and amplified metallothionein expression system
Authors: Huang Edwin P. , Marquis Christopher P. , Gray Peter P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe suspension Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, 13‐10‐302, utilizing the metallothionein (MT) expression system producing recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) was studied in a serum‐free and cadmium‐free medium at different fermentation scales and modes of operation. Initial experiments were carried out to optimize the concentration of metal addition to induce the MT promoter. Subsequently, the cultivation of the 13‐10‐302 cell line was scaled up from spinner flasks into bioreactors, and the cultivation duration was extended with fed‐batch and perfusion strategies utilizing 180 μM zinc to induce the promoter controlling expression of recombinant hGH. It was shown that a fed‐batch process could increase the maximum cell numbers twofold, from 3.3 to 6.3 × 106 cell/mL, over those obtained in normal batch fermentations, and this coupled with extended fermentation times resulted in a fourfold increase in final hGH titer, from 135 ± 15 to 670 ± 70 mg/L at a specific productivity qhGH value of 12 pg cell−1d−1. The addition of sodium butyrate increased the specific productivity of hGH in cells to a value of approximately 48 pg cell−1d−1, resulting in a final hGH titer of over a gram per liter during fed‐batch runs. A BioSep acoustic cell recycler was used to retain the cells in the bioreactor during perfusion operation. It was necessary to maintain the specific feeding rates (SFR) above a value of 0.2 vvd/(106 cell/mL) to maintain the viability and productivity of the 13‐10‐302 cells; under these conditions the viable cell number increased to over 107 cell/mL and resulted in a volumetric productivity of over 120 mg(hGH) L−1d−1. Process development described in this work demonstrates cultivation at various scales and sustained high levels of productivity under cadmium free condition in a CHO cell line utilizing an inducible metallothionein expression system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous cell partitioning using an aqueous two‐phase flow system in microfluidic devices
Authors: Yamada Masumi , Kasim Vivi , Nakashima Megumi , Edahiro Jun'ichi , Seki Minoru 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present a novel microfluidic system in which an aqueous two‐phase laminar flow is stably formed, and the continuous partitioning of relatively large cells can be performed, eliminating the influence of gravity. In this study, plant cell aggregates whose diameters were 37–96 μm were used as model particles. We first performed cell partitioning using a simple straight microchannel having two inlets and two outlets and examined the effects of the flow rate and the phase width on partitioning efficiency. Second, by using a microchannel with a pinched segment, the partitioning efficiency was successfully improved. This microscale aqueous two‐phase flow system can further be incorporated into micro total analysis systems (μTAS) or lab‐on‐a‐chip technology, owing to its simplicity, applicability, and biocompatibility. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of lignin peroxidase in organic media by reversed micelles
Authors: Kimura Masayuki , Michizoe Junji , Oakazaki Shin‐ya , Furusaki Shintaro , Goto Masahiro , Tanaka Hiroo , Wariishi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractActivation of lignin peroxidase (LIP) in an organic solvent by reversed micelles was investigated. Bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) was used as a surfactant to form a reversed micelle. Lyophilized LIP from an optimized aqueous solution exhibited no enzymatic activity in any organic solvents examined in this study; however, LIP was catalytically active by being entrapped in the AOT reversed micellar solution. LIP activity in the reversed micelle was enhanced by optimizing either the preparation or the operation conditions, such as water content and pH in water pools of the reversed micelle and the reaction temperature. Stable activity was obtained in isooctane because of the stability of the reversed micelle. The optimal pH was 5 in the reversed micellar system, which shifted from pH 3 in the aqueous solution. The degradation reaction of several environmental pollutants was attempted using LIP hosted in the AOT reversed micelle. Degradation achieved after a 1‐h reaction reached 81%, 50%, and 22% for p‐nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and 2,4‐dichlorophenol, respectively. This is the first report on the utilization of LIP in organic media. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathological determinants of survival in node-negative oesophageal cancer
Authors: Khan O A , Alexiou C , Soomro I , Duffy J P , Morgan W E , Beggs F D 
Published: November 2004

Abstract

Background
Many studies have analysed prognostic factors following oesophagectomy, but few have examined survival determinants in node-negative (N0) oesophageal cancer. The prognostic significance of a number of histological variables following surgical resection of N0 oesophageal cancer was studied.

Methods
The case notes of 219 patients undergoing potentially curative oesophagectomy for N0 squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus were reviewed. Details of the patient's sex, age at operation, histological type, longitudinal tumour length, tumour (T) stage, circumferential resection margin involvement, tumour grade, presence of vascular invasion, perineural invasion, Barrett's metaplasia, and survival were noted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.

Results
Univariate analysis revealed three factors that correlated with poor prognosis: T stage (P = 0·024), adenocarcinoma (P = 0·033) and degree of differentiation (P = 0·001). Multivariate analysis revealed that all three were significant independent adverse prognostic indicators.

Conclusion
Surgical resection of node-negative oesophageal cancer is associated with diverse long-term outcomes. This diversity of outcome is not reflected in the tumour node metastasis (TNM)-based staging system. The utility of the TNM system in predicting prognosis after surgical resection is open to question.