bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A map of white matter tracts in a lesser ape, the lar gibbon
Authors: Bryant Katherine L. , Manger Paul R. , Bertelsen Mads F. , Khrapitchev Alexandre A. , Sallet Jérôme , Benn R. Austin , Mars Rogier B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe recent development of methods for constructing directly comparable white matter atlases in primate brains from diffusion MRI allows us to probe specializations unique to humans, great apes, and other primate taxa. Here, we constructed the first white matter atlas of a lesser ape using an ex vivo diffusion-weighted scan of a brain from a young adult (5.5 years) male lar gibbon. We find that white matter architecture of the gibbon temporal lobe suggests specializations that are reminiscent of those previously reported for great apes, specifically, the expansion of the arcuate fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus in the temporal lobe. Our findings suggest these white matter expansions into the temporal lobe were present in the last common ancestor to hominoids approximately 16 million years ago and were further modified in the great ape and human lineages. White matter atlases provide a useful resource for identifying neuroanatomical differences and similarities between humans and other primate species and provide insight into the evolutionary variation and stasis of brain organization.
Narratives of land abandonment in a biocultural landscape of Spain
Authors: Quintas-Soriano Cristina , Torralba Mario , García-Martín María , Plieninger Tobias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRural abandonment is a significant process in the Mediterranean region, posing sustainability challenges for rural and urban areas. Although there is an increase in studies focusing on the ecological implications and impacts of land abandonment and the role of rewilding, there is a knowledge gap in the study of the socio-cultural dimension of abandonment from the local perspective, even though it is crucial for land management decision. This study focuses on a case study in Western Spain, where a social survey was used to assess the perceptions of local communities regarding land abandonment and their implication on nature’s contributions to people and quality of life. A survey campaign was administered in the case study region during the summer of 2020, collecting 205 face-to-face surveys. The results show that local communities overall have a negative reaction toward rural abandonment. In addition, local respondents recognize how traditional agriculture is the main source for maintaining nature’s contributions to human well-being. Additionally, four groups of narratives toward rural abandonment were identified representing clusters of respondents with different motivations and interpretations of rural abandonment. This paper calls for understanding better the perceptions, values, and motivations toward rural abandonment and how their outcomes can be used as input for landscape management. Our results indicate that the local population perceives that the loss of rural livelihoods may entail serious environmental and societal problems, as locals are forced to abandon their rural-associated ways of life and migrate to urban areas.
Mercury in Neotropical birds: a synthesis and prospectus on 13 years of exposure data
Authors: Sayers Christopher J. , Evers David C. , Ruiz-Gutierrez Viviana , Adams Evan , Vega Claudia M. , Pisconte Jessica N. , Tejeda Vania , Regan Kevin , Lane Oksana P. , Ash Abidas A. , Cal Reynold , Reneau Stevan , Martínez Wilber , Welch Gilroy , Hartwell Kayla , Teul Mario , Tzul David , Arendt Wayne J. , Tórrez Marvin A. , Watsa Mrinalini , Erkenswick Gideon , Moore Caroline E. , Gerson Jacqueline , Sánchez Victor , Purizaca Raúl Pérez , Yurek Helen , Burton Mark E. H. , Shrum Peggy L. , Tabares-Segovia Sebastian , Vargas Korik , Fogarty Finola F. , Charette Mathieu R. , Martínez Ari E. , Bernhardt Emily S. , Taylor Robert J. , Tear Timothy H. , Fernandez Luis E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnvironmental mercury (Hg) contamination of the global tropics outpaces our understanding of its consequences for biodiversity. Knowledge gaps of pollution exposure could obscure conservation threats in the Neotropics: a region that supports over half of the world’s species, but faces ongoing land-use change and Hg emission via artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). Due to their global distribution and sensitivity to pollution, birds provide a valuable opportunity as bioindicators to assess how accelerating Hg emissions impact an ecosystem’s ability to support biodiversity, and ultimately, global health. We present the largest database on Neotropical bird Hg concentrations (n = 2316) and establish exposure baselines for 322 bird species spanning nine countries across Central America, South America, and the West Indies. Patterns of avian Hg exposure in the Neotropics broadly align with those in temperate regions: consistent bioaccumulation across functional groups and high spatiotemporal variation. Bird species occupying higher trophic positions and aquatic habitats exhibited elevated Hg concentrations that have been previously associated with reductions in reproductive success. Notably, bird Hg concentrations were over four times higher at sites impacted by ASGM activities and differed by season for certain trophic niches. We developed this synthesis via a collaborative research network, the Tropical Research for Avian Conservation and Ecotoxicology (TRACE) Initiative, which exemplifies inclusive, equitable, and international data-sharing. While our findings signal an urgent need to assess sampling biases, mechanisms, and consequences of Hg exposure to tropical avian communities, the TRACE Initiative provides a meaningful framework to achieve such goals. Ultimately, our collective efforts support and inform local, scientific, and government entities, including Parties of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury, as we continue working together to understand how Hg pollution impacts biodiversity conservation, ecosystem function, and public health in the tropics.
Constructing and meta-evaluating state-aware evaluation metrics for interactive search systems
Authors: Markwald Marco , Liu Jiqun , Yu Ran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEvaluation metrics such as precision, recall and normalized discounted cumulative gain have been widely applied in ad hoc retrieval experiments. They have facilitated the assessment of system performance in various topics over the past decade. However, the effectiveness of such metrics in capturing users’ in-situ search experience, especially in complex search tasks that trigger interactive search sessions, is limited. To address this challenge, it is necessary to adaptively adjust the evaluation strategies of search systems to better respond to users’ changing information needs and evaluation criteria. In this work, we adopt a taxonomy of search task states that a user goes through in different scenarios and moments of search sessions, and perform a meta-evaluation of existing metrics to better understand their effectiveness in measuring user satisfaction. We then built models for predicting task states behind queries based on in-session signals. Furthermore, we constructed and meta-evaluated new state-aware evaluation metrics. Our analysis and experimental evaluation are performed on two datasets collected from a field study and a laboratory study, respectively. Results demonstrate that the effectiveness of individual evaluation metrics varies across task states. Meanwhile, task states can be detected from in-session signals. Our new state-aware evaluation metrics could better reflect in-situ user satisfaction than an extensive list of the widely used measures we analyzed in this work in certain states. Findings of our research can inspire the design and meta-evaluation of user-centered adaptive evaluation metrics, and also shed light on the development of state-aware interactive search systems.
Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Generational Disparities in Physically Strenuous and Hazardous Work Conditions
Authors: Abarca Nava Gabino J. , Pebley Anne R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of work in adult life, research on the social determinants of health often ignores its effects. We examine race/ethnic, immigrant generational, and gender differentials in exposure to work conditions associated with poor health outcomes, using a nationally-representative sample of adults. On average, Latino 1st generation workers are more exposed to strenuous and hazardous work conditions than other workers, even after adjusting for sociodemographic differences. Exposure is lower for 2nd and 3rd generation Latinos. In contrast, Asian 1st generation men often have the lowest exposure levels of all groups and Asian 2nd and 3rd generation men have higher levels of exposure than the first generation, primarily due to intergenerational differences in education. Asian 1st generation women have higher exposures than those in the 2nd or 3rd generation. These results illustrate the importance of considering work conditions in research and policy related to the social determinants of health.
Connecting artificial intelligence to value creation in services: mechanism and implications
Authors: Kim Minjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is transforming services by providing personalized solutions, enhancing customer experience, and reducing operational costs. To tackle the challenges posed by the extensive and diverse literature on AI services, a comprehensive review was conducted using text mining techniques on journal articles. Twelve key research topics were identified, and the enabler–interface–business framework was developed. In addition, a value creation mechanism for AI services consisting of 6Cs (i.e., connection, collection, and computation, communication, control, and co-creation) was proposed. The study provides a complete overview of AI services, facilitating academic discussion and industrial transformation.
Ochre use at Olieboomspoort, South Africa: insights into specular hematite use and collection during the Middle Stone Age
Authors: Culey J. , Hodgskiss T. , Wurz S. , de la Peña P. , Val A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent excavations at Olieboomspoort (OBP) in the Waterberg Mountains of South Africa confirmed previous research at the site that highlighted an abundance of ochre in the Middle Stone Age (MSA) deposits. Here, we report on the results of an analysis of the ochre from the MSA deposits excavated in 2018–2019. Fossilised equid teeth from these deposits were recently dated to approximately 150 ka, an early date for such a sizeable ochre assemblage in southern Africa. Calcium carbonate concretions were removed from ochre pieces using hydrochloric acid. Macro- and microscopic analyses were undertaken to identify raw material types and to investigate utilisation strategies. There are 438 pieces in the assemblage and only 14 of them show definite use-traces. The predominant raw material is a micaceous, hard specular hematite, which is rare at MSA sites elsewhere in southern Africa. A preliminary investigation into the geological nature of the ochreous materials in the archaeological sample and those available in the area was performed using semi-quantitative portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), XRF, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Together with site formation processes, we suggest possible, primarily local sources of the ochre found in the deposits. The data do not support previous suggestions that OBP was used as an ochre caching site that may have formed part of an exchange network during the MSA. Instead, the local abundance of nodules of specular hematite within the Waterberg sandstone, the limited number of used pieces in the assemblage, and the stratigraphic context indicate a more natural, less anthropogenic explanation for the abundance of ochre at the site.
Deficiency of Healthcare Accessibility of Elderly People Exposed to Future Extreme Coastal Floods: A Case Study of Shanghai, China
Authors: Shan Xinmeng , Scussolini Paolo , Wang Jun , Li Mengya , Wen Jiahong , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSocioeconomic development, subsidence, and climate change have led to high flood risks in coastal cities, making the vulnerable, especially elderly people, more prone to floods. However, we mostly do not know how the accessibility of life-saving public resources for the elderly population will change under future scenarios. Using Shanghai as a case, this study introduced a new analytical framework to fill this gap. We integrated for the first time models of coastal flooding, local population growth, and medical resource supply-demand estimation. The results show that under an extreme scenario of coastal flooding in the year 2050, in the absence of adaptation, half of the elderly population may be exposed to floods, the supply of medical resources will be seriously insufficient compared to the demand, and the accessibility of emergency medical services will be impaired by flooding. Our methodology can be applied to gain insights for other vulnerable coastal cities, to assist robust decision making about emergency responses to flood risks for elderly populations in an uncertain future.
Instrumented Mouthguards in Elite-Level Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union: The Incidence and Propensity of Head Acceleration Events in Matches
Authors: Tooby James , Woodward James , Tucker Ross , Jones Ben , Falvey Éanna , Salmon Danielle , Bussey Melanie Dawn , Starling Lindsay , Tierney Gregory 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine head acceleration event (HAE) propensity and incidence during elite-level men’s and women’s rugby union matches.

Methods
Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) were fitted in 92 male and 72 female players from nine elite-level clubs and three international teams. Data were collected during 406 player matches (239 male, 167 female) using iMGs and video analysis. Incidence was calculated as the number of HAEs per player hour and propensity as the proportion of contact events resulting in an HAE at a range of linear and angular thresholds.

Results
HAE incidence above 10 g was 22.7 and 13.2 per hour in men’s forwards and backs and 11.8 and 7.2 per hour in women’s forwards and backs, respectively. Propensity varied by contact event, with 35.6% and 35.4% of men’s tackles and carries and 23.1% and 19.6% of women’s tackles and carries producing HAEs above 1.0 krad/s2. Tackles produced significantly more HAEs than carries, and incidence was greater in forwards compared with backs for both sexes and in men compared with women. Women's forwards were 1.6 times more likely to experience a medium-magnitude HAE from a carry than women's backs. Propensity was similar from tackles and carries, and between positional groups, while significantly higher in men than women. The initial collision stage of the tackle had a higher propensity than other stages.

Conclusion
This study quantifies HAE exposures in elite rugby union players using iMGs. Most contact events in rugby union resulted in lower-magnitude HAEs, while higher-magnitude HAEs were comparatively rare. An HAE above 40 g occurred once every 60–100 min in men and 200–300 min in women. Future research on mechanisms for HAEs may inform strategies aimed at reducing HAEs.
Splitting-type variational problems with asymmetrical growth conditions
Authors: Bildhauer Michael , Fuchs Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSplitting-type variational problems $$\begin{aligned} \int _{\Omega }\sum _{i=1}^n f_i(\partial _i w) \, \textrm{d}x\rightarrow \min \end{aligned}$$

∫
Ω

∑

i
=
1

n

f
i

(

∂
i

w
)

d
x
→
min

with superlinear growth conditions are studied by assuming $$\begin{aligned} h_i(t) \le f''_i(t) \le H_i(t) \qquad (*) \end{aligned}$$

h
i

(
t
)

≤

f
i

′
′

(
t
)

≤

H
i

(
t
)

(

∗
)

with suitable functions $$h_i$$

h
i

, $$H_i$$

H
i

: $$\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^+$$

R
→

R

+

, $$i=1$$

i
=
1

, ..., n, measuring the growth and ellipticity of the energy density. Here, as the main feature, we do not impose a symmetric behaviour like $$h_i(t)\approx h_i(-t)$$

h
i

(
t
)

≈

h
i

(
-
t
)

and $$H_i(t) \approx H_i(-t)$$

H
i

(
t
)

≈

H
i

(
-
t
)

for large |t|. Assuming quite weak hypotheses on the functions appearing in $$(*)$$

(

∗
)

, we establish higher integrability of $$|\nabla u|$$

|
∇
u
|

for local minimizers $$u\in L^\infty (\Omega )$$

u
∈

L
∞

(
Ω
)

by using a Caccioppoli-type inequality with some power weights of negative exponent.
Approaches for Assessing Circadian Rest-Activity Patterns Using Actigraphy in Cohort and Population-Based Studies
Authors: Gao Chenlu , Haghayegh Shahab , Wagner Max , Cai Ruixue , Hu Kun , Gao Lei , Li Peng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review methods for analyzing circadian rest-activity patterns using actigraphy and to discuss their applications in large cohort and population-based studies.

Recent Findings
We reviewed several widely used approaches, including parametric analysis (i.e., cosinor model and wavelet analysis), nonparametric analysis, data adaptive approach (i.e., empirical mode decomposition), and nonlinear dynamical approach (i.e., fractal analysis). We delved into the specifics of each approach and highlighted their advantages and disadvantages.

Summary
Various approaches have been developed to study circadian rest-activity rhythms using actigraphy. Features extracted from these approaches have been associated with population health outcomes. Limitations exist in prior research, including inconsistencies due to various available analytical approaches and lack of studies translating findings to the context of the circadian system. Potential future steps are proposed. The review ends with an introduction to an open-source software application—ezActi2—developed to facilitate scalable applications in analyzing circadian rest-activity rhythms.
Voices of young people in the Synod
Authors: McKinney Stephen J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe absence of young people in Catholic churches in many parts of the world, especially in the more economically advanced countries, is a cause for great anxiety within Catholic communities. This is expressed in relevant research literature and the three recent synodal syntheses of England and Wales, Ireland and Scotland. This article explores the key concept of synodality, some of the research on the religious affiliation (and disaffiliation) of Catholic young people and the voices and views of Catholic young people in the synodal process in the three syntheses. The views of the young people in the three syntheses are clustered under six themes: (1) absence from Church; (2) accusations of hypocrisy; (3) concerns about teaching on sexuality; (4) Catholic Social Teaching; (5) the importance of parents and (6) the ways in which young people can engage in the Church. Many of the comments of the young people in these three syntheses confirm some of the research findings and, crucially, the young people provide suggestions on the ways ahead in which they can be more active in the Church—‘being’ Church, rather than ‘doing’ Church.
Orbital Stability of Solitary Wave for Eckhaus–Kundu Equation
Authors: Guo Yuli , Zhang Weiguo , Hong Siyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the orbital stability of solitary wave for Eckhaus–Kundu equation is studied. Since the equation we studied is difficult to be expressed as a standard Hamiltonian system, the Grillakis–Shatah–Strauss theory about the orbital stability of soliton solutions for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems cannot be directly applied. By constructing three new conserved quantities and using special techniques and detailed spectral analysis, the above difficulty is overcome, then we obtain the conclusion that the solitary wave of Eckhaus–Kundu equation is orbitally stable.
Characterizing bed roughness on the Antarctic continental margin
Authors: Munevar Garcia Santiago , Miller Lauren Elizabeth , Falcini Francesca Anna Maria , Stearns Leigh Asher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Spatial variability in bed topography, characterized as bed roughness, impacts ice-sheet flow and organization and can be used to infer subglacial conditions and processes, yet is difficult to quantify due to sparse observations. Paleo-subglacial beds of formerly expanded glaciers found across the Antarctic continental shelf are well preserved, have relatively limited post-glacial sediment cover and contain glacial landforms that can be resolved at sub-meter vertical scales. We analyze high-resolution bathymetry offshore of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers in the Amundsen Sea to explore spatial variability of bed roughness where streamlined subglacial landforms allow for the determination of ice-flow direction. We quantify bed roughness using std dev. and Fast Fourier Transform methods, each employed at local (100 km) and regional (101–2 km) scales and in along- and across-flow orientations to determine roughness expressions across spatial scales. We find that the magnitude of roughness is impacted by the parameters selected – which are often not sufficiently reported in studies – to quantify roughness. Important spatial patterns can be discerned from high-resolution bathymetry, highlighting both its usefulness in identifying patterns of streaming ice flow and underscores the need for a standardized way of characterizing topographic variability.
Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced growth retardation, lipid accumulation and bile acid metabolism disorder in the liver of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Zheng Hua , Xu Yi-Chuang , Zhao Tao , Luo Zhi , Zhang Dian-Guang , Song Chang-Chun , Yu An-Gen , Tan Xiaoying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate whether dietary chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) could attenuate high-fat (HF) diet-induced growth retardation, lipid accumulation and bile acid (BA) metabolism disorder in the liver of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Yellow catfish (initial weight: 4·40 (sem 0·08) g) were fed four diets: the control (105·8 g/kg lipid), HF diet (HF group, 159·6 g/kg lipid), the control supplemented with 0·9 g/kg CDCA (CDCA group) and HF diet supplemented with 0·9 g/kg CDCA (HF + CDCA group). CDCA supplemented in the HF diet significantly improved growth performance and feed utilisation of yellow catfish (P < 0·05). CDCA alleviated HF-induced increment of hepatic lipid and cholesterol contents by down-regulating the expressions of lipogenesis-related genes and proteins and up-regulating the expressions of lipololysis-related genes and proteins. Compared with the control group, CDCA group significantly reduced cholesterol level (P < 0·05). CDCA significantly inhibited BA biosynthesis and changed BA profile by activating farnesoid X receptor (P < 0·05). The contents of CDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid were significantly increased with the supplementation of CDCA (P < 0·05). HF-induced elevation of cholic acid content was significantly attenuated by the supplementation of CDCA (P < 0·05). Supplementation of CDCA in the control and HF groups could improve the liver antioxidant capacity. This study proved that CDCA could improve growth retardation, lipid accumulation and BA metabolism disorder induced by HF diet, which provided new insight into understanding the physiological functions of BA in fish.