bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of Cu-Doped ZnO nanostructures for UV sensing application
Authors: Al-heuseen K. , Aljameel A. I. , Hussein R. K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, Fabrication, and characterization of Cu-doped ZnO thin films deposited on porous silicon (PSi) substrates have been reported using electrochemical deposition (ECD) technique. The influence of Cu-doping concentrations on morphology, structure, and electrical characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were presented. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) has been used to characterize the lattice constants, average size, in-plane (along a-axis) and out of plane (along c-axis) strains for the Cu–ZnO crystals. The effects of Cu-doping concentration on crystal parameters were also investigated from the XRD analysis. The samples were used for UV-sensing applications. In addition, Cu-doped ZnO and pure ZnO metal–semiconductor-metal photodetector, with Cu as electrode contacts were successfully produced for ultraviolet (UV) detection. TheI-V(current–voltage) characteristics were used to study the sensing enhancement. Finally, the UV photodetector based on Cu-doped ZnO films was successfully fabricated and shows a five times enhancement in the sensitivity to UV light compared to that of pure ZnO photodetector.
Iron oxide nanoparticles coated with Glucose and conjugated with Safranal (Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal NPs) inducing apoptosis in liver cancer cell line (HepG2)
Authors: Mikaeili Ghezeljeh Somayeh , Salehzadeh Ali , Ataei-e Jaliseh Somayeh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles can be considered a reliable tool for targeted drug delivery to cancer tissues. Based on this, in this study, the anticancer effect of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with glucose and conjugated with Safranal (Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal NPs) on a liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was investigated. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, VSM, EDS-mapping, SEM and TEM imaging, zeta potential, and DLS analyses. MTT test was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of nanoparticles on cancer and normal cell lines. Also, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, the population of apoptotic cells, and cell cycle analysis were evaluated in control and nanoparticle-treated cells. The synthesized particles were spherical, in a size range of 17–49 nm, without impurities, with a surface charge of − 13 mV and hydrodynamic size of 129 nm, and with magnetic saturation of 22.5 emu/g. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Safranal, Fe3O4, Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal and Cisplatin drug on liver cancer cells were 474, 1546, 305 and 135 µg/mL, respectively. While, the IC50 of Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal for normal cell line was 680 µg/mL. Treating liver cancer cells with nanoparticles significantly increased the population of apoptotic cells from 2.5% to 34.7%. Furthermore, the population of the cells arrested at the G2/M phase increased in nanoparticle-treated cells. Due to the biocompatibility of the constituent compounds of these nanoparticles, their magnetic properties, and their inhibitory effects on cancer cells, Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal NPs can be further considered as a promising anticancer compound.
Investigation on storage level data integrity strategies in cloud computing: classification, security obstructions, challenges and vulnerability
Authors: Goswami Paromita , Faujdar Neetu , Debnath Somen , Khan Ajoy Kumar , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCloud computing provides outsourcing of computing services at a lower cost, making it a popular choice for many businesses. In recent years, cloud data storage has gained significant success, thanks to its advantages in maintenance, performance, support, cost, and reliability compared to traditional storage methods. However, despite the benefits of disaster recovery, scalability, and resource backup, some organizations still prefer traditional data storage over cloud storage due to concerns about data correctness and security. Data integrity is a critical issue in cloud computing, as data owners need to rely on third-party cloud storage providers to handle their data. To address this, researchers have been developing new algorithms for data integrity strategies in cloud storage to enhance security and ensure the accuracy of outsourced data. This article aims to highlight the security issues and possible attacks on cloud storage, as well as discussing the phases, characteristics, and classification of data integrity strategies. A comparative analysis of these strategies in the context of cloud storage is also presented. Furthermore, the overhead parameters of auditing system models in cloud computing are examined, considering the desired design goals. By understanding and addressing these factors, organizations can make informed decisions about their cloud storage solutions, taking into account both security and performance considerations.
On the onset and dispersal of a major MDR TB clone among HIV-negative patients, Tunisia
Authors: Dekhil Naira , Mardassi Helmi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
To carry out a whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based investigation on the emergence and spread of the largest multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) outbreak that has been thriving among HIV-negative patients, Tunisia, since the early 2000s.

Methods
We performed phylogeographic analyses and molecular dating based on a WGS dataset representing 68 unique Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, covering almost the entire MDR TB outbreak for the time period 2001–2016.

Results
The data indicate that the ancestor of the MDR TB outbreak emerged in the region of Bizerte, as early as 1974 (95% CI 1951–1985), from where it spread to other regions by 1992 (95% CI 1980–1996). Analysis of a minimum spanning tree based on core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) uncovered the early spill-over of the fitness-compensated MDR TB strain from the prison into the general population. Indeed, cases with history of incarceration were found to be directly or indirectly linked to up to 22 new outbreak cases (32.35%) among the non-imprisoned population. By around 2008, the MDR TB outbreak strain had acquired additional resistance, leading to an XDR phenotype.

Conclusions
WGS allowed refining our understanding of the emergence and evolution of the largest MDR TB outbreak in Tunisia, whose causative strain has been circulating silently for almost 26 years before. Our study lends further support to the critical role of prisons-related cases in the early spread of the outbreak among the general population. The shift to an XDR phenotype of such an epidemic clone prompts an urgent need to undertake drastic control measures.
Pragmatic competence in people with dual diagnosis: down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Escudero Sara Cortés , Sepúlveda Esther Moraleda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Pragmatics is an area that can be affected in a wide variety of disorders. In this sense, Syndromic Autism is defined as a disorder in which a causal link is established between an associated syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Likewise, Down Syndrome (DS) is one of the main genetically based syndromes in which ASD is described as one of its possible manifestations. In this direction, people with DS are described as social beings whereas in ASD there seems to be a specific alteration of this domain.

Methods
In this study, pragmatic performance was analysed in a sample of 72 participants, where comparisons were made between the scores obtained by children with ASD (n = 24), with DS (n = 24) and with DS + ASD (n = 24).

Results
The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), the Block Objective and Criterial Language Battery (BLOC-SR) and the Neuropsychology subtest (NEPSY-II) aimed at Theory of Mind (ToM) identified significant differences between the groups. However, two-to-two comparisons reported no significant differences between DS and DS + ASD.

Conclusions
Although several studies report differences between the three proposed groups, our data seem to suggest that ASD symptomatology in DS is associated with Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD). However, the lack of solid scientific evidence regarding comorbid diagnosis makes further research along these lines indispensable.

Trial registration
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Social Research at UCLM with reference CEIS-704,511-L8M4.
Allometric scaling for left ventricular mass and geometry in male and female athletes of mixed and endurance sports
Authors: Oxborough David , McDerment Danielle , George Keith P. , Johnson Christopher , Morrison Barbara , Parry-Williams Gemma , Papatheodorou Efstathios , Sharma Sanjay , Cooper Robert 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The athlete’s heart (AH) defines the phenotypical changes that occur in response to chronic exercise training. Echocardiographic assessment of the AH is used to calculate LV mass (LVM) and determine chamber geometry. This is, however, interpreted using standard linear (ratiometric) scaling to body surface area (BSA) whereas allometric scaling is now widely recommended. This study (1) determined whether ratiometric scaling of LVM to BSA (LVMiratio) provides a size-independent index in young and veteran athletes of mixed and endurance sports (MES), and (2) calculated size-independent beta exponents for allometrically derived (LVMiallo) to BSA and (3) describes the physiological range of LVMiallo and the classifications of LV geometry.

Methods
1373 MES athletes consisting of young (< 35 years old) (males n = 699 and females n = 127) and veteran (> 35 years old) (males n = 327 and females n = 220) were included in the study. LVMiratio was calculated as per standard scaling and sex-specific LVMiallo were derived from the population. Cut-offs were defined and geometry was classified according to the new exponents and relative wall thickness.

Results
LVMiratio did not produce a size independent index. When tested across the age range the following indexes LVMi/BSA0.7663 and LVMi/BSA0.52, for males and females respectively, were size independent (r = 0.012; P = 0.7 and r = 0.003; P = 0.920). Physiological cut-offs for LVMiallo were 135 g/(m2)0.7663 in male athletes and 121 g/(m2)0.52 in female athletes. Concentric remodelling / hypertrophy was present in 3% and 0% of young male and female athletes and 24% and 17% of veteran male and female athletes, respectively. Eccentric hypertrophy was observed in 8% and 6% of young male and female athletes and 9% and 11% of veteran male and female athletes, respectively.

Conclusion
In a large cohort of young and veteran male and female MES athletes, LVMiratio to BSA is not size independent. Sex-specific LVMiallo to BSA with LVMi/BSA0.77 and LVMi/BSA0.52 for male and female athletes respectively can be applied across the age-range. Population-based cut-offs of LVMiallo provided a physiological range demonstrating a predominance for normal geometry in all athlete groups with a greater percentage of concentric remodelling/hypertrophy occurring in veteran male and female athletes.
Increase in physical activity is associated with an increase in sleep efficiency, but not with improvement in symptoms of PTSD: analysis of longitudinal data in trauma-affected refugees
Authors: Sandahl Hinuga , Korshøj Mette , Mortensen Ole Steen , Carlsson Jessica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In trauma-affected refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), research on physical activity is scarce. Knowing more about the relation between physical activity and PTSD symptoms may provide insight into physical activity as a possible target in the treatment of PTSD. The aim of the present study was to examine whether baseline and change in level of physical activity from baseline to end of treatment were related to, respectively, baseline and change in PTSD symptoms, quality of life, sleep quality, and sleep efficiency in trauma-affected refugees.

Methods
Longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial were analysed with multiple linear regression. Level of physical activity and sleep efficiency were measured with actigraphy and symptoms of PTSD, sleep quality, and quality of life were measured with self-report questionnaires.

Results
A higher level of physical activity was significantly associated with better baseline sleep quality, borderline associated with quality of life, but not with symptoms of PTSD, or sleep efficiency. Furthermore, an increase in level of physical activity was significantly associated with improvement in sleep efficiency. Change in level of physical activity was not significantly associated with improvement in PTSD symptoms, quality of life, or sleep quality.

Conclusion
The novelty of the current study lies in the finding of no relation between a change in level of physical activity and a change in symptoms of PTSD. The results point to a complex relation between sleep, physical activity and PTSD and point towards a need for studies on these relations to provide effective interventions in trauma-affected refugees.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID (NCT02761161), April 27, 2016.
Reducing the Environmental Impact of Health Care Conferences: A Study of Emissions and Practical Solutions
Authors: Lichter Katie E. , Sabbagh Ali , Demeulenaere Sasha , Drew Taylor , Conway Alexandra , Nogueira Leticia , Suneja Gita , Kirkwood Kelsey , Hampshire Karly , Gundling Katherine , Teherani Arianne , Thottathil Sapna E. , Mohamad Osama 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE We aimed to examine the impact of different conference formats (in-person, virtual, and hybrid) of the ASCO conference on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to recommend sustainable options for future conferences. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used data on the number of attendees, their departure locations, and the type of attendance (in-person v virtual) provided by ASCO between 2019 and 2022. The GHG emissions resulting from air and ground travel, remote connectivity, conference space utilization, hotel stays, distributed conference materials, and electricity use were estimated for each year. Emissions were stratified by attendee country of origin, type of attendance, and year. Simulations were conducted to evaluate how changes in conference size, location, and format impact emissions, as well as estimate the resulting mitigations from adopting the proposed changes. RESULTS The highest estimated GHG emissions, calculated in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), were associated with the 2019 in-person conference (37,251 metric tons of CO2e). Although international attendees had the largest contribution to emissions in all years (>50%), location optimization models, which selected conference locations that most minimized GHG emissions, yielded only minimal reductions (approximately 3%). Simulations examining changes to the conference format, location, and attendance percentage suggested that hub-and-spoke, where multiple conference locations are selected by global region, or hybrid models, with both in-person and virtual components, are likely to cause the largest drops in emissions (up to 86%). CONCLUSION Using historical conference data, this study identifies key aspects that can be modified to reduce emissions and consequently promote more sustainable and equitable conference attendance. Hybrid conferences may be the best solution to maintain the networking opportunities provided by conferences while balancing out their environmental footprint.
Role of Patient Characteristics and Insurance Type in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Care Disparities
Authors: Gasoyan Hamlet , Anwer Faiz , Casacchia Nicholas J. , Kovach Jeffrey D. , Valent Jason , Wang Ming , Halpern Michael T. , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Little is known about the role of social determinants of health (SDOH) in the utilization of novel treatments among patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). METHODS This retrospective cohort study used Taussig Cancer Center's Myeloma Patient Registry to identify adults with NDMM between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Electronic health records data captured treatment with (1) triplet or quadruplet regimen and (2) lenalidomide during the first year after NDMM, and (3) stem-cell transplant (SCT) through December 31, 2022. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations of demographic/clinical characteristics and SDOH with care patterns. RESULTS We identified 569 patients with median age at diagnosis of 66 years (IQR, 59-73); 55% were male, 76% White, 23% Black, 1.1% other races, insured by Medicare (51%), private payer (38%), Medicaid (8.3%), and self-pay/other (1.8%). In the multivariable models, self-pay/other payers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.15 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.54]) was associated with lower odds of triplet or quadruplet regimen, compared with Medicare. Private insurance (AOR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86]) and self-pay/other payers (AOR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.04 to 0.74]) had lower odds of lenalidomide. Black patients ( v White; AOR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.85]) and patients treated at regional hospitals ( v Taussig Cancer Center; AOR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.57]) had lower odds of SCT. The odds of receiving triplet or quadruplet regimen, lenalidomide, and SCT also varied by the year of NDMM. CONCLUSION Care for NDMM varied based on race, insurance type, year of diagnosis, and treatment facility. It may be useful to examine the impact of insurance-related characteristics and recent policy initiatives on care disparities.
Accessing the Divine: Indigenous Medical Specialists, Catholic Priests, and Nonorthodox Methods of Healing in Colonial Mexico
Authors: Hagler Anderson 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study examines forty-six colonial records spanning over two centuries (ca. 1581–1802), the majority of which consist of Mexican Inquisition and criminal trials. The article illuminates how Indigenous medical specialists, alternatively labeled ritual specialists, maintained communal solidarity by accessing the divine using sacred rituals. From New Spain’s southern extremity in Chiapas to its northern frontier in Santa Fe, devout commoners made votive offerings to combat disease and recalibrate the cosmos. Indigenous medical specialists such as curanderos and midwives remained influential locally because commoners perceived their ceremonies to be efficacious. Ritual specialists used their advanced knowledge of medicine and spirituality to alleviate illnesses like dysentery, fever, and typhoid. Concern for ailing family members prompted Natives to take an inclusive approach to the treatment of disease, which could conflict with church doctrine. Case testimony reveals that diverse, nonorthodox methods of healing persisted in the face of Spanish colonization. Faith in the efficacy of Indigenous cosmologies helped the infirm to envisage a better life, instilling hope. The study’s focus on the spiritual and material illuminates how ancestral knowledge produced political and social ramifications centuries after inception, demonstrating how the past reverberates into the present.
Stem cell modeling of nervous system tumors
Authors: Furnari Frank B. , Anastasaki Corina , Bian Shan , Fine Howard A. , Koga Tomoyuki , Le Lu Q. , Rodriguez Fausto J. , Gutmann David H. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Nervous system tumors, particularly brain tumors, represent the most common tumors in children and one of the most lethal tumors in adults. Despite decades of research, there are few effective therapies for these cancers. Although human nervous system tumor cells and genetically engineered mouse models have served as excellent platforms for drug discovery and preclinical testing, they have limitations with respect to accurately recapitulating important aspects of the pathobiology of spontaneously arising human tumors. For this reason, attention has turned to the deployment of human stem cell engineering involving human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, in which genetic alterations associated with nervous system cancers can be introduced. These stem cells can be used to create self-assembling three-dimensional cerebral organoids that preserve key features of the developing human brain. Moreover, stem cell-engineered lines are amenable to xenotransplantation into mice as a platform to investigate the tumor cell of origin, discover cancer evolutionary trajectories and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. In this article, we review the current state of human stem cell models of nervous system tumors, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and provide consensus recommendations for future research.
THE LEGAL BASIS OF THE STATE ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION
Authors: Gusengadzhiev Rasul A. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. Studies in different regions of the Russian Federation confirm that corruption affects all spheres of society. The education system has not been left out. This negative phenomenon is also characteristic of this department, which, in turn, should become a standard of honesty and fairness, given its main activity – education and socialization of the younger generation. Therefore, corruption in the field of education has irreparable omissions and serious consequences.
Anticipating these consequences, an anti-corruption policy is being implemented at the state level aimed at forming a personality with sustainable anti-corruption behavior. This policy is based on a legal system with a long history. The paper analyzes the regulatory and legal aspects related to anti-corruption policy. The preventive activity of subjects of prevention of corruption offenses is summarized.
Purpose and methods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of regulatory legal acts related to anti-corruption policy in the field of education. To achieve this goal, the research uses the comparative legal method, generalization and analysis of normative legal acts, the method of expert assessments, content analysis, and sociological methods.
Results. The state anti-corruption policy aimed at forming a personality with sustainable anti-corruption behavior is of paramount importance in the system of countering a dangerous phenomenon. In contrast to forceful methods, anti-corruption policy, which has a strong legal basis, conducted at the state level, has good prospects. Intolerance to corrupt behavior is formed among young people from school, and anti-corruption “immunity” is developed.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of regional anti-corruption programs in the field of education.