bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrimidine salvage inToxoplasma gondiias a target for new treatment
Authors: Elati Hamza A. A. , Goerner Amber L. , Di Genova Bruno Martorelli , Sheiner Lilach , de Koning Harry P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a common protozoan infection that can have severe outcomes in the immunocompromised and during pregnancy, but treatment options are limited. Recently, nucleotide metabolism has received much attention as a target for new antiprotozoal agents and here we focus on pyrimidine salvage byToxoplasma gondiias a drug target. Whereas uptake of [3H]-cytidine and particularly [3H]-thymidine was at most marginal, [3H]-uracil and [3H]-uridine were readily taken up. Kinetic analysis of uridine uptake was consistent with a single transporter with a Kmof 3.3 ± 0.8 µM, which was inhibited by uracil with high affinity (Ki= 1.15 ± 0.07 µM) but not by thymidine or 5-methyluridine, showing that the 5-Me group is incompatible with uptake byT. gondii. Conversely, [3H]-uracil transport displayed a Kmof 2.05 ± 0.40 µM, not significantly different from the uracil Kion uridine transport, and was inhibited by uridine with a Ki2.44 ± 0.59 µM, also not significantly different from the experimental uridine Km. The reciprocal, complete inhibition, displaying Hill slopes of approximately ∼1, strongly suggest that uridine and uracil share a single transporter with similarly high affinity for both, and we designate it uridine/uracil transporter 1 (TgUUT1). While TgUUT1 excludes 5-methyl substitutions, the smaller 5F substitution was tolerated as 5F-uracil inhibited uptake of [3H]-uracil with a Kiof 6.80 ± 2.12 µM (P> 0.05 compared to uracil Km). Indeed, we found that 5F-Uridine, 5F-uracil and 5F,2’-deoxyuridine were all potent antimetabolites againstT. gondiiwith EC50values well below that of the current first line treatment, sulfadiazine.In vivoevaluation also showed that 5F-uracil and 5F,2’-deoxyuridine were similarly effective as sulfadiazine against acute toxoplasmosis. Our preliminary conclusion is that TgUUT1 mediates potential new anti-toxoplasmosis drugs with activity superior to the current treatment.
My host’s enemy is my enemy: plasmids carrying CRISPR-Cas as a defence against phages
Authors: Siedentop Berit , Rüegg Dario , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , Chabas Hélène 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBacteria are infected by mobile genetic elements like plasmids and virulent phages, and those infections significantly impact bacterial ecology and evolution. Recent discoveries reveal that some plasmids carry anti-phage immune systems like CRISPR-Cas, suggesting that plasmids may participate in the coevolutionary arms-race between virulent phages and bacteria. Intuitively, this seems reasonable as virulent phages kill the plasmid’s obligate host. However, the efficiency of CRISPR-Cas systems carried by plasmids can be expected to be lower than those carried by the chromosome due to continuous segregation loss, creating susceptible cells for phage amplification. To evaluate the anti-phage protection efficiency of CRISPR-Cas on plasmids, we develop a stochastic model describing the dynamics of a virulent phage infection against which a conjugative plasmid defends using CRISPR-Cas. We show that CRISPR-Cas on plasmids provides robust protection, except in limited parameter-sets. In these cases, high segregation favours phage outbreaks by generating a population of defenceless cells on which the phage can evolve and escape CRISPR-Cas immunity. We show that the phage’s ability to exploit segregation loss depends strongly on the evolvability of both CRISPR-Cas and the phage itself.
The DEAD-box ATPase Dbp10/DDX54 initiates peptidyl transferase center formation during 60S ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Cruz Victor E. , Weirich Christine S. , Peddada Nagesh , Erzberger Jan P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDEAD-box ATPases play crucial roles in guiding rRNA restructuring events during the biogenesis of large (60S) ribosomal subunits, but their precise molecular functions are currently unknown. In this study, we present cryo-EM reconstructions of nucleolar pre-60S intermediates that reveal an unexpected, alternate secondary structure within the nascent peptidyl-transferase-center (PTC). Our analysis of three sequential nucleolar pre-60S intermediates reveals that the DEAD-box ATPase Dbp10/DDX54 remodels this alternate base pairing and enables the formation of the rRNA junction that anchors the mature form of the universally conserved PTC A-loop. Post-catalysis, Dbp10 captures rRNA helix H61, initiating the concerted exchange of biogenesis factors during late nucleolar 60S maturation. Our findings show that Dbp10 activity is essential for the formation of the ribosome active site and reveal how this function is integrated with subsequent assembly steps to drive the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit.
Determinants of an effective digital transformation in construction organisations: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Zulu Sambo Lyson , Saad Ali , Ajayi Saheed , Unuigbe Maria 
Published: November 2023

PurposeDigital uptake amongst construction organisations is described as slow and ineffective, undermining a fundamental transformation and limiting construction firms from exploiting the digital benefits. In this space, meaningful research that utilises a qualitative approach in pursuit for employees' insights towards digital transformation is lacking. Such limited focus from previous efforts presents an opportunity to illuminate the determinants of an effective digital transformation that are, arguably, responsible for the status quo of low digital uptake in the construction sector. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned idea.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative approach to address the literature's digital discreetness in construction. The qualitative approach captures employees' perspectives through its unbounded characteristic of encouraging illustration and discussion.FindingsThis paper captures 35 digital transformation determinants under three clusters, namely, organisation related, i.e. hierarchy, size and management, people related, i.e. team orientation, training and knowledge and leadership related, i.e. awareness, attitude, approach and leaders' characteristics. Findings suggest a new set of arguments in relation to understudied factors and their influence on the digital uptake in construction organisations.Originality/valueThis paper offers empirical indication of the determinants believed to influence an effective digital transformation in construction organisations. Such conceptualisation is crucial and is depicted as perceived by construction employees and practitioners, which is a less biased approach than that of comparable studies that argue the viewpoints of industry leaders in isolation of other members of the hierarchy.
How technology, organization and environment affected open government data during COVID-19: the moderating role of pandemic severity
Authors: Ma Xubu , Xiang Yafan , Qin Chunxiu , Liang Huigang , Liu Dongsu 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
With the worldwide open government data (OGD) movement and frequent public health emergencies in recent years, academic research on OGD for public health emergencies has been growing. However, it is not fully understood how to promote OGD on public health emergencies. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the factors that influence OGD on public health emergencies.

Design/methodology/approach
The technology–organization–environment framework is applied to explore factors that influence OGD during COVID-19. It is argued that the effects of four key factors – technical capacity, organizational readiness, social attention and top-down pressure – are contingent on the severity of the pandemic. A unique data set was created by combining multiple data sources which include archival government data, a survey of 1,034 Chinese respondents during the COVID-19 outbreak and official COVID-19 reports.

Findings
The data analysis indicates that the four factors positively affect OGD, and pandemic severity strengthens the effects of technical capacity, organizational readiness and social attention on OGD.

Originality/value
This study provides theoretical insights regarding how to improve OGD during public health emergencies, which can guide government efforts in sharing data with the public when dealing with outbreak in the future.
Sowing the seeds of change: educating emerging textile and apparel professionals on sustainability from cotton industry perspective
Authors: Jaiswal Geetika , Hopfer Elizabeth Newcomb , Dixon Devona L. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This study aims to promote sustainability-based education in fashion design and merchandising program to enhance students’ knowledge, skills and attitude about sustainability development, organizational responsibility and personal responsibility from the cotton industry perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
To conduct this study, three learning components were considered: learning from experts, learning by doing and outreach activity. Sustainability-related topics were strategically incorporated in different courses for one year; project-based learning approach was adopted; and pre–posttest survey was conducted to study the impact of sustainability-based education on student learning outcome. Rand’s principles-attributes matrix was applied to analyze the impact of sustainable education on student learning outcomes.

Findings
The results of course projects indicated enhanced student’s abilities on using use different types of cotton materials in product development, creative use of cotton in visual merchandising and development of business plans focused on sustainability. The two-group mean comparisons showed a significant positive impact on students’ knowledge in cotton and sustainability, followed by students’ skills and attitudes.

Originality/value
In response to the lack of systematic approach to incorporate sustainability-related topics in textile and apparel design discipline, this study offered an opportunity to involve approximately 110 students in various sustainability-based teaching and learning projects.
Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of structural concrete containing RCA treated with sodium metasilicate
Authors: Bansal Shubham , Choudhary Lokesh , Kalra Megha , Dave Niragi , Sharma Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
One of the most contested and anticipated research issues is the acceptability of using recycled aggregates instead of fresh aggregates. This study aims to look at the possibility of replacing fresh aggregates with 15%, 30%, 60% and 100% recycled aggregates.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is divided into two stages. The compressive, split tensile, flexural and bond strength of the various mixes were examined in the first phase using untreated recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). The second phase entails chemically treating RCA with a 10% 0.1 M sodium metasilicate solution to evaluate differences in strength, indicating the success of the treatment performed. Microstructural experiments such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were also conducted to evaluate the formation of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in treated and untreated RCA specimens.

Findings
The observed findings reveal a decrease in concrete strength with increasing RCA concentration; however, when treated RCA was used, the strengths increased significantly when compared to untreated samples. The findings also include curves indicating the correlation between compressive strength and other mechanical strength parameters for an optimum mix of concrete prepared with 30% RCA replacement.

Originality/value
The study through its novel approach, demonstrates the effect of pretreatment of RCA in the absence of any standardized chemical treatment methodology and presents significant potential in minimizing reliance on fresh aggregates used in concrete, lowering building costs and promoting the use of waste materials in construction.
Analysis of the effect of assets structure, earning volatility and financial flexibility on capital structure in consumer goods industry sector companies on the Indonesia stock exchange
Authors: Putri Rumanintya Lisaria , Willim Andre Prasetya 
Published: November 2023

PurposeCapital structure is an important factor for the company because it will be directly related to the financial condition of the company. This study aims to determine the effect of asset structure, earning volatility, and financial flexibility on capital structure.Design/methodology/approachThe population in this study was 52 companies in the consumer goods industry sector on the Indonesia stock exchange (IDX) and a sample of 39 companies obtained by purposive sampling method. The research method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using Eviews software.FindingsThe test results in the study show that asset structure and financial flexibility have a positive effect on capital structure, while earning volatility does not affect capital structure in companies in the consumer goods industry sector on the IDX.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this research can contribute to the addition of knowledge in the field of accounting, especially regarding the capital structure. Company management can use the results of this research as a reference and consideration to find out the factors that affect the capital structure so that company management can still maintain the company's survival and improve company performance.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can contribute to the addition of knowledge in the field of accounting, especially regarding capital structure. Company management can use the results of this research as a reference and consideration to determine the factors that affect the capital structure so that company management can still maintain the survival of the company and improve company performance.Social implicationsThis study only uses the variables of asset structure, financial flexibility and earning volatility as independent variables. Further research is recommended to consider the use of other variables that can affect capital structure and if using the same variable is expected to use research objects that have stable or increasing asset and income values, so that asset structure variables and profit volatility can show significant results and influences.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies that examines how the effect of asset structure, profit volatility and financial flexibility on capital structure in companies in the consumer goods industry sector on the IDX. Company management must pay attention to the composition of the capital structure as well as possible and make careful planning and the right decisions so as to produce a capital structure that can provide profits.
Self‐reported oral health status, edentulism and all‐cause mortality risk in 12 809 Australian older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Khan S , Chen Y , Crocombe L , Ivey E , Owen AJ , McNeil JJ , Woods RL , Wolfe R , Freak‐Poli R , Britt C , Gasevic D 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between oral health status and all‐cause mortality in older adults using prospective cohort study design.Setting and participantsIn total, 12 809 adults aged ≥70 years (54.3% females) were participants of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP).MethodsParticipants self‐reported the presence of natural teeth and oral health status. The association of self‐reported oral health, edentulism and the integrative measure of the two with all‐cause mortality were explored using the Cox‐regression models adjusted for age, gender, socio‐economic status, health‐related behaviours, weight status, aspirin and polypharmacy. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsIn total, 22.2% of participants reported edentulism and 13.8% had fair/poor oral health. After adjustment for confounders, risk of all‐cause mortality was higher among those with edentulism (vs. no edentulism) HR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.18, 1.73); and those with edentulism and reporting poor/fair oral health HR (95% CI) 1.69 (1.02, 2.82), or with no edentulism but reporting poor/fair oral health HR (95% CI) 1.46 (1.19–1.80) vs. no edentulism and reporting good/very good/excellent oral health. No association was observed between self‐reported oral health alone and all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe risk of all‐cause mortality was 69% higher among older adults reporting both edentulism and poor/fair oral health compared with those with teeth and more favourable self‐reported oral health. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
Does ethical climate overcome the effect of supervisor narcissism on employee creativity?
Authors: Jahanzeb Sadia , Raja Usman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing the tenets of learned helplessness theory, we propose and test a model suggesting how the perception of supervisor narcissism impacts acquiescent silence and employee creativity. We further suggest acquiescent silence as a mediator, and law and code ethical climate as a moderator, in the link between supervisor narcissism and creativity. We found good support for the proposed hypotheses using multi‐wave data collected from 258 employees of service‐oriented companies in North America. Results show that supervisor narcissism prompts employees to exhibit acquiescent silence, which also mediates the link between supervisor narcissism and employee creativity. The law and code ethical climate moderates the effect of supervisor narcissism on acquiescent silence and that of silence on creativity. Therefore, this study identifies a key factor, acquiescent silence, through which supervisor narcissism impedes employee creativity, and it also reveals how this process might be buffered by the law and code ethical climate. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Changing trends in maxillofacial injuries among paediatric, adult and elderly populations: A 22‐year statistical analysis of 3424 patients in a tertiary care centre in Northwest Italy
Authors: Gugliotta Ylenia , Roccia Fabio , Sobrero Federica , Ramieri Guglielmo , Volpe Fabio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study analysed the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma over 22 years to assess whether there have been significant changes in the causes and characteristics of fractures in paediatric, adult and elderly populations.Materials and MethodsThe following data were collected: age, sex, injury cause and mechanism, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale, associated injuries, time of injury, type of treatment and length of hospital stay. The patients were analysed by age group (children [≤16 years], adults [17–60 years] and elderly [>60 years]) and divided into two time groups (group 1: 2001–2011; group 2: 2012–2022) that were compared to each other. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.ResultsBetween 01 January 2001 and 31 December 2022, 3535 patients (2690 males and 845 females, mean age 39.3 years) were admitted for facial fractures. The comparison of the two temporal periods showed a decrease in the prevalence of males (p = .02), in road traffic injuries (p < .001), and in fractures of the lower third of the face (p = .005); there were significant increases in the mean age (p < .001), prevalence of the elderly (p = .006) and in fall‐ and assault‐related injuries (p < .001 and p = .03, respectively). Assault injuries increased only in the 17–60 age group (p = .02) while RTA‐related fractures decreased in all age groups (p < .05 for all comparisons). Bicycle accidents increased significantly, with a parallel decrease in motor vehicle accidents (both p < .001). Fall‐related fractures increased only in 17–60 and >60 age groups (p < .001 and p = .02, respectively).ConclusionsThis study shows significant changing trends in the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma. While road traffic policies have been effective in the last years, preventive measures for falls in the elderly population and new legislative measures to prevent interpersonal violence should be advocated.
Impact and experiences of vestibular disorders and psychological distress: Qualitative findings from patients, family members and healthcare professionals
Authors: Smith Laura J. , Pyke Wesley , Fowler Rosanna , Matthes Britta , de Goederen Emma , Surenthiran Shanmuga 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeople with vestibular disorders frequently experience reduced quality of life and challenges with activities of daily living. Anxiety, depression and cognitive problems often co‐present with vestibular disorders and can aggravate symptoms and prolong clinical recovery. We aimed to gain in‐depth insights into the impact of vestibular disorders and the contribution of psychological factors by exploring multistakeholder perspectives.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted between October 2021 and March 2022 with 47 participants in the United Kingdom including: 20 patients (age M = 50.45 ± 13.75; 15 females), nine family members (age M = 61.0 ± 14.10; four females), and 18 healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using framework analysis.ResultsVestibular disorders impact diverse aspects of patients' lives including work, household chores, socialising, and relationships with family and friends. Being unable to engage in valued activities or fulfil social roles contributes to feelings of grief and frustration, affecting identity, confidence, and autonomy. Anxiety and low mood contribute to negative thought processes, avoidance, and social withdrawal, which can impede clinical recovery through reduced activity levels, and end engagement with treatment. Coping strategies were thought to help empower patients to self‐manage their symptoms and regain a sense of control, but these require oversight from healthcare providers.ConclusionsDaily activity limitations, social participation restrictions, and psychological distress can interact to impact quality of life, sense of self, and clinical recovery amongst people with vestibular disorders. Information and resources could aid societal awareness of the impact of vestibular disorders and help patients and families feel understood. An individualised and comprehensive approach that concurrently addresses mental, physical, social, and occupational needs is likely to be beneficial.Patient or Public ContributionTwo group meetings were held at the beginning and end of the study with a patient and public involvement network formed of people with vestibular disorders and family members. These individuals commented on the study aims, interview schedule, participant recruitment practices, and interpretation of the themes identified. Two core patient members were involved at all stages of the research. These individuals contributed to the formulation of the interview schedule, development and application of the coding scheme, development and interpretation of themes, and preparation of the final manuscript.
Diet‐induced carotenodermia: a literature review
Authors: Kapsetaki Marianna E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarotenodermia is a yellow to orange skin discoloration due to epidermal deposition of carotene. This can be due to an abnormality in the conversion of β‐carotene to vitamin A, hyperlipidemia, or high dietary carotene intake. Here, I review approximately 100 previous cases of carotenodermia in humans due to high β‐carotene intake. This literature review revealed that in carotenodermia associated with high β‐carotene intake the discoloration tends to be widespread, mainly in thick areas of the skin (e.g., the palm of the hand), and can last from 14 days to 4.5 years. This review provides a detailed overview of the characteristics of diet‐induced carotenodermia.