bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone stress response of leaf BVOC emission and photosynthesis in mountain birch (Betula pubescens spp. czerepanovii) depends on leaf age
Authors: Jaakkola Erica , Hellén Heidi , Olin Stefan , Pleijel Håkan , Tykkä Toni , Holst Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOxidative stress from ozone (O3) causes plants to alter their emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) and their photosynthetic rate. Stress reactions from O3 on birch trees can result in prohibited plant growth and lead to increased BVOC emission rates as well as changes in their compound blend to emit more monoterpenes (MT) and sesquiterpenes (SQT). BVOCs take part in atmospheric reactions such as enhancing the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). As the compound blend and emission rate change with O3 stress, this can influence the atmospheric conditions by affecting the production of SOA. Studying the stress responses of plants provides important information on how these reactions might change, which is vital to making better predictions of the future climate. In this study, measurements were taken to find out how the leaves of mature mountain birch trees (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) respond to different levels of elevated O3 exposure in situ depending on leaf age. We found that leaves from both early and late summers responded with induced SQT emission after exposure to 120 ppb O3. Early leaves were, however, more sensitive to increased O3 concentrations, with enhanced emission of green leaf volatiles (GLV) and tendencies of both induced leaf senescence as well as poor recovery in the photosynthetic rate between exposures. Late leaves had more stable photosynthetic rates throughout the experiment and responded less to exposure at different O3 levels.
Computational convection analysis of second grade MHD nanofluid flow through porous medium across a stretching surface
Authors: Farooq Umer , Irfan Muhammad , Khalid Shaheer , Jan Ahmed , Hussain Muzamil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanofluids significantly influence modern life due to their vast usages in the modern era. Transport analysis of non‐Newtonian fluids with nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes) over a stretching surface is the primary focus of the present investigation. Effects of viscous dissipation, porous medium, magnetic field, and heat source factors are also examined. Boundary layers approximation is used to simulate the underlying collection of partial differential equations (PDEs) that regulate the system. Using non‐similarity transformation, the basic PDEs of the model are converted into dimensionless nonlinear PDEs. Up to the second level of truncation PDEs that can be treated as ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are generated from dimensionless PDEs utilizing local non‐similarity approach. The resultant nonlinear differential equations are computationally solved using bvp4c code of MATLAB technique. In this study, we compile and compare the obtained findings with previous research. Graphs demonstrate how the velocity and temperature profiles depend entirely on a wide range of physical parameters. A rise in the second‐grade fluid parameter upsurges the velocity distribution, while an increment in porosity and magnetic parameter declines the velocity distribution. As magnetic values, Eckert number, porosity parameter, and heat source increase, so does the temperature profile of the nanofluid.
Molecular and Physiological Responses to Exogenously Applied Melatonin in Spinach Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions
Authors: Seymen Musa , Yavuz Duran , Can Hasan , Kıymacı Gülbanu , Türkmen Önder , Paksoy Mustafa , Yavuz Nurcan , Kayak Necibe , Kurtar Ertan Sait 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMelatonin, an important phytochemical, encourages plants to redirect growth in response to environmental stresses. The study aims to investigate the changes in the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular properties of spinach subjected to the exogenous application of melatonin (MEL) at different doses under different water stress. The following four irrigation levels were applied: I100 (complete irrigation), I80 (20% water deficit), I60 (40% water deficit), and I40 (60% water deficit). MEL was applied through a spray on the leaves in three doses—0, 50, and 100 µM. In the present study, the application of MEL50 exhibited no significant decrease in water use efficiency (WUE) at the I80 irrigation level compared to the I100 irrigation level, while a significant decrease in the WUE was observed beyond this point. The application of MEL contributed to influencing the morphological parameters while also positively affecting the photosynthesis activity and, contribution to the antioxidant defense system. It was observed that the genes involved in the carbon metabolism of photosynthesis), the antioxidant mechanism, and the continuity of photosynthesis, all of which affect the expression of melatonin, facilitated water stress reduction in spinach. Therefore, it was inferred that the application of MEL50I80 could serve as an important irrigation strategy in semi-arid regions with limited water resources.
Determination of flow velocities using fiber-optic temperature measurements
Authors: Rautenberg David , Renner Tom , Trick Thomas , Kriegseis Jochen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new flow measuring technique is introduced to measure liquid flow velocities under harsh circumstances in environments with dirt, high pressures and elevated temperatures as in boreholes within the earth’s crust. A glass fiber embedded in a cable with heating wires measures the temperature within the heated cable with fiber-optic temperature sensing. Similar to hot-wire anemometry (HWA), the velocity dependence of convective heat transfer is exploited to measure the velocity around the cable as a cylinder in crossflow. In the first experiment, a borehole-mimicking test rig and a realistic prototype of a borehole probe were built and the flow along the borehole axis was investigated. The concept of this new measurement technique was proven, since the expected Nusselt-Reynolds characteristic of a cylinder in crossflow has been successfully measured. Furthermore, a temperature profile model across the cables cross section has been developed to account for the unexpectedly low ranges of Nusselt number. The model accuracy has been addressed with a second experiment, where a straight segment of a custom-built heated cylinder was placed in a water channel perpendicular to the flow direction. The upstream flow speed during this set of measurements was recorded using particle image velocimetry (PIV), while multiple temperature sensors in the channel, on the probe’s sheath and within the probe delivered the information for the heat transfer model.
On the scalability of helium-filled soap bubbles for volumetric PIV
Authors: Grille Guerra Adrian , Scarano Fulvio , Sciacchitano Andrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe scalability of experiments using PIV relies upon several parameters, namely illumination power, camera sensor and primarily the tracers light scattering capability. Given their larger cross section, helium-filled soap bubbles (HFSB) allow measurements in air flows over a significantly large domain compared to traditional oil or fog droplets. Controlling their diameter translates into scalability of the experiment. This work presents a technique to extend the control of HFSB diameter by geometrical variations of the generator. The latter expands the more limited range allowed by varying the relative helium-air mass flow rates. A theoretical model predicts the bubble size and production rate, which is verified experimentally by high-speed shadow visualization. The overall range of HFSB produced in a stable (bubbling) regime varies from 0.16 to 2.7 mm. Imaging by light scattering of such tracers is also investigated, in view of controversies in the literature on whether diffraction or geometrical imaging dominate the imaging regime. The light scattered by scaled HFSB tracers is imaged with a high-speed camera orthogonal to the illumination. Both the total energy collected on the sensor for a single tracer, as well as its peak intensity, are found to preserve scaling with the square of the diameter at object magnification of 10–1 or below, typical of PIV experiments. For large-scale volumetric applications, it is shown that varying the bubble diameter allows increasing both the measurement domain as well as the working distance of the imagers at 10 m and beyond. A scaling rule is proposed for the latter.
Graphical abstract
Return rate following a live birth obtained with ART: frequency and determinants
Authors: Limena Alessia , Reschini Marco , Invernici Dalila , Parazzini Fabio , Li Piani Letizia , Viganò Paola , Somigliana Edgardo , Basili Ludovica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To understand how often couples return to ART centres for a second child.

Methods
Retrospective monocentric cohort study including women who had a first live birth with IVF. The primary objective was to assess the rate of those returning for a second child within five years of the previous pregnancy. The secondary aim was to disentangle the determinants of this rate.

Results
A total of 374 patients were included, of whom 188 returned (50%, 95% CI 45–55%). Among those who did not return (n = 186), four (2%) referred to another ART Center and 24 were unreachable. Of the 158 contacted subjects that did not refer for ART, 53 (34%, 95% CI 27–41%) conceived naturally, 57 (36%, 95% CI 29–44%) abandoned their intent of parenthood, and 48 (30%, 95% CI 24–38%) unsuccessfully attempted natural conception. These 48 women (13%) who expressed interest in a second child but did not undergo ART were compared to those seeking a second pregnancy through ART. Baseline characteristics were similar except for an older age (Median 36, IQR: 34–38 vs 34, IQR: 32–36, p = 0.001). Additionally, in terms of IVF cycle characteristics, women who did not return were more likely to achieve their first pregnancy with a fresh transfer rather than a frozen transfer (75% vs 59%, p = 0.05). They also had a higher number of retrieved oocytes (Median 10, IQR: 7–13 vs 9, IQR: 5–12) and less frequently cryopreserved embryos (27% vs 52%, p = 0.003).

Conclusion
The proportion of couples who have conceived with ART and who are interested in having a second child is high. Our results underline the importance of paying more attention to the number of intended children, as this information could influence clinical management.
Expression of the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) as a potential independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer
Authors: Stein Johannes , Krappe Eliana , Kremer Anika , Cronauer Marcus V. , Essler Markus , Cox Alexander , Klümper Niklas , Krausewitz Philipp , Ellinger Jörg , Ritter Manuel , Kristiansen Glen , Majores Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Investigation of Microtubuli-associated Protein 2 (MAP2) expression and its clinical relevance in prostate cancer.

Material and Methods
MAP2 expression was immunohistochemically analysed on radical prostatectomy specimens using whole block sections (n = 107) and tissue microarrays (TMA; n = 310). The staining intensity was evaluated for carcinoma, benign tissue and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Expression data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and biochemical recurrence-free survival. Additionally, MAP2 protein expression was quantitatively analysed in the serum of histologically confirmed prostate carcinoma patients and the control group using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
MAP2 staining was significantly stronger in neoplastic tissue than in non-neoplastic prostatic glands, both in whole block sections (p < 0.01) and in TMA sections (p < 0.05). TMA data revealed significantly stronger MAP2 staining in high-grade tumors. Survival analysis showed a significant correlation between strong MAP2 staining in carcinoma and shortened biochemical recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed MAP2 as an independent predictor for an unfavourable course. Mean MAP2 serum levels for non-PCA vs. PCA patients differed significantly (non-PCA = 164.7 pg/ml vs. PCA = 242.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The present data support MAP2 as a novel biomarker in PCA specimens. MAP2 is correlated with tumor grade and MAP2 high-expressing PCA is associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Future studies are necessary to evaluate MAP2 as a valuable immunohistochemical biomarker in preoperative PCA diagnostic procedures, in particular with regard to treatment modalities.
MVIndEmo: a dataset for micro video public-induced emotion prediction on social media
Authors: Guo Zhenhua , Jia Qi , Fan Baoyu , Wang Di , Xu Cong , Wang Yanwei , Zhao Yaqian , Li Rengang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDistinct from the realm of perceived emotion research, induced emotion pertains to the emotional responses engendered within content consumers. This facet has garnered considerable attention and finds extensive application in the analysis of public social media. However, the advent of micro videos presents unique challenges when attempting to discern the induced emotional patterns exhibited by content consumers, owing to their free-style representation and other factors. Consequently, we have put forth two novel tasks concerning the recognition of public-induced emotion on micro videos: emotion polarity and emotion classification. Additionally, we have introduced a accessible dataset specifically tailored for the analysis of public-induced emotion on micro videos. The data corpus has been meticulously collected from Tiktok, a burgeoning social media platform renowned for its trendsetting content. To construct the dataset, we have selected eight captivating topics that elicit vibrant social discussions. In devising our label generation strategy, we have employed an automated approach characterized by the fusion of multiple expert models. This strategy incorporates a confidence measure method that relies on three distinct models for effectively aggregating user comments. To accommodate adaptable benchmark configurations, we provide both binary classification labels and probability distribution labels. The dataset encompasses a vast collection of 7,153 labeled micro videos. We have undertaken an extensive statistical analysis of the dataset to provide a comprehensive overview composition. It is our earnest aspiration that this dataset will serve as a catalyst for pioneering research avenues in the analysis of emotional patterns and the understanding of multi-modal information.
Population-level responses of aphids to pulsed drought stress
Authors: Saska Pavel , Skuhrovec Jiří , Platková Hana , Kosová Klára , Tuan Shu-Jen , Vítámvás Pavel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe first aim of this study was to test the pulsed stress hypothesis on a system consisting of young spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the rose-grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) by following the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. This hypothesis predicts that fluid-feeding insects benefit from feeding on plants intermittently stressed by drought due to the increased nutrient availability and restored cell turgor. Our second aim was to illustrate the risk of drawing different conclusions if based on a single or a small subset of parameters or if the entire lifespan of a generation is not covered compared to if the study was conducted at the population level. We applied periods of drought stress (soil water capacity, SWC = 40%) on four occasions relative to the population development of the aphids and compared those treatments with well-watered (SWC = 70%) and continuous stress conditions (SWC = 40%). The timing of the stresses appeared to be important in determining the effect on aphid performance. Although we found some improvement in fecundity when the stress occurred before the aphids were placed on the plants, the overall effect of the early-timed pulsed stress treatments on the rate of increase was negative compared to the well-watered control, which was mainly due to prolonged nymph development. The drought pulse that was timed late (the second week of aphid reproduction) did not show any effect relative to the well-watered control. This study therefore provides no clear support for the validity of the pulsed stress hypothesis.
Greenhouse melon crop protection and production through the compatible use of a parasitoid with endophytic entomopathogenic ascomycetes
Authors: García-Espinoza Fabián , Yousef-Yousef Meelad , García del Rosal María José , Cuenca-Medina María , Quesada-Moraga Enrique 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the compatible use of a parasitoid with multifunctional endophytic Entomopathogenic Ascomycetes (EA) in IPM under greenhouse conditions. The parasitoid Hyposoter didymator was evaluated against Spodoptera littoralis in a multitrophic system with melon plants that were endophytically colonized by one of three EA strains (Metarhizium brunneum [one] or Beauveria bassiana [two]). In the first scenario, plants were inoculated by three different methods, and after infestation with noctuid larvae, the parasitoid was released at a 1:20 ratio. Microbiological and molecular techniques allowed the identification of progressive colonization throughout the whole plant life cycle, and for B. bassiana, approximately 20% of seeds from new fruits were colonized. The parasitoid was shown to be compatible with all strains and application methods, with total mortality rates ranging from 11.1 to 77.8%. Significant lethal and sublethal effects, a decrease in pupal weight and mortality of pupae showing abnormalities and an extension of the immature developmental times were observed for different strain–application method combinations. Additionally, the fungal treatments improved crop growth, as revealed by the significant gains in plant weight. In a second scenario (by inoculating plants with the fungi only by leaf spraying), and after infestation with noctuid larvae, the parasitoid was released at a 1:10 ratio, which revealed the remote fungal effect from the inoculation point and confirmed the compatibility of the parasitoid-EA-based strategy. These findings underscore the compatible use of a parasitoid with endophytic EA for S. littoralis control that can additionally exploit their multifunctionality for sustainable crop production.
Breakthrough analysis of the CO2/CH4 separation on electrospun carbon nanofibers
Authors: Selmert Victor , Kretzschmar Ansgar , Kungl Hans , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger-A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe removal of the main impurity CO2 is a crucial step in biogas upgrading. In this work, the separation of CO2 from CH4 on electrospun polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is investigated using breakthrough experiments. The CNFs are prepared at various carbonization temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 °C and feature a tailorable pore size that decreases at higher carbonization temperatures. The adsorption properties of the different CNFs are studied measuring pure component isotherms as well as column breakthrough experiments. Adsorption kinetics are discussed using a linear driving force approach to model the breakthrough experiment and obtain the adsorption rate constant. Moreover, different approaches to determine the selectivity of the competitive CO2/CH4 adsorption are applied and discussed in detail. The results clearly prove that a size exclusion effect governs the adsorption selectivity on the CNFs. While CH4 cannot adsorb in the pores of CNFs prepared at 800 °C or above, the smaller CO2 is only excluded from the pores of CNFs prepared at 900 °C. For CNFs carbonized in the range from 600 to 750 °C, values of the CO2/CH4 selectivity of 11–14 are obtained. On the CNFs prepared at 800 °C the CH4 adsorption is severely hindered, leading to a reduced adsorbed amount of CH4 and consequently to an improved CO2/CH4 selectivity of 40. Furthermore, owing to the shrinking pores, the adsorption rates of CH4 and CO2 decrease with higher carbonization temperature.
Screening old and modern wheat varieties for shading tolerance within a specialized poplar plantation for agroforestry farming systems implementation
Authors: dos Santos Neto Alvaro , Panozzo Anna , Piotto Simone , Mezzalira Giustino , Furlan Lorenzo , Vamerali Teofilo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sustainability of silvoarable agroforestry systems largely depends on the choice of suitable crop species and varieties for minimizing competitive interactions in the interaction zone with trees. Up to date crop intraspecific variability has been poorly investigated, and mainly in pot trials under artificial shading. Given this framework, a trial was conducted in field conditions in NE Italy to study the response of 10 common wheat varieties cultivated in the 6-m narrow inter-row of a specialized 4-year old poplar plantation (AF, agroforestry) vs. full sun conditions (C, controls). Here it was demonstrated that large genetic variability exists in wheat, as grain yield reductions under shading ranged between 31 and 75% (average − 57%) depending on variety choice. Better tolerance was highlighted in old varieties (− 44% of yield in AF vs. C), that was associated to greater plasticity in delaying leaf senescence, and increased both leaf area index and SPAD (index of chlorophyll content), while achieving the highest grain protein contents (> 17.3% DW). However, under shading modern wheat varieties still remained the highest yielding, particularly in bread-making varieties (469 g m−2 on average), thanks to larger improvement of the leaf-to-culm biomass ratio and better harvest index. We conclude that there is large scope for identifying wheat varieties suitable for agroforestry systems, while breeding programs can select for specific morpho-physiological adaptation traits to low irradiance.
Optimal water tariffs for domestic, agricultural and industrial use
Authors: Caravaggio Andrea , De Cesare Luigi , Di Liddo Andrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsider a water supplier who determines sales rates with the goals of maximizing profits, protecting consumer welfare, and ensuring adequate future water supplies. Buyers are differentiated and can use the water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. We propose a leader-follower finite-horizon differential game. The leader (the water supplier) determines the selling price and the followers (consumers) react by requesting their optimal amount of water. We calculate a feedback Stackelberg equilibrium assuming that all user demand is satisfied (interior equilibrium). We compare two different tariff schemes: linear tariffs (the price paid is a multiple of the volume of water purchased), and increasing block tariffs (the unit price is lower for quantities of water that do not exceed a fixed threshold). We show that block pricing is never optimal and linear pricing is always preferred.