bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic behavior of a combined cycle power plant in the presence of a frequency drop
Authors: Baba Kazuhiro , Kakimoto Naoto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA combined cycle power plant which combines a gas turbine and a steam turbine can achieve high energy efficiency. Many combined cycle plants have been installed worldwide. However, a large‐scale blackout due to combined cycle chain trip‐out occurred in Malaysia in 1996. The cause of this chain trip was considered to be a large drop of system frequency. Thus, there is a need to investigate the stability of the combined cycle power plant for the frequency drop. Several dynamic models of a combined cycle plant have been proposed. In our analysis, we use some of them and build a model for a single‐shaft combined cycle plant. We execute numerical simulations to see how the combined cycle plant behaves when the system frequency drops. The cause and the countermeasure of the combined cycle plant trip‐out are explained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(3): 9–19, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10117
Automatic generation of system descriptions for plant supervisory control systems
Authors: Nakata Hideo , Harauchi Satoshi , Kojima Taizo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the automatic generation of system descriptions for SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems. The proposed method produces various types of data and programs for SCADA systems from equipment definitions using conversion rules. First, it makes directed graphs, which represent connections between the equipment, from equipment definitions. System descriptions are generated using the conversion rules, by analyzing these directed graphs, and finding groups of equipment that involve similar operations. This method can be used with various SCADA systems, and provides visual tools for editing conversion rules. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(3): 29–37, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10149
“Pulsed field losses and coupling current loop in a large‐current superconductor”, Electrical Engineering in Japan Volume 142, Number 4, 2003, pages 27–33
Authors: Shimamoto Susumu , Murase Satoru , Nishii Kenji , Naitou Fuminobu , Matsui Kunihiro , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Tsuji Hiroshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Electrical Engineering in Japan, Volume 142, Number 4, 2003, pages 27–33An error appeared in the above article. The affiliations are correct as here. We apologize for any inconvenience this error may have caused.
The role of armadillos in the movement of archaeological materials: An experimental approach
Authors: Araujo Astolfo G. Mello , Marcelino José Carlos 
Published: March 2003

AbstractArmadillos are medium‐sized animals whose burrowing behavior can be significant in archaeological settings ranging from South America to the central United States. Although archaeologists are well aware that these animals can move archaeological materials across stratigraphic layers, few data are available about the magnitude of mixing, number of burrows per individual, dimension of burrows, and their impact on archaeological sites. This paper addresses the problem from an experimental perspective. Specifically, we monitored the action of the yellow armadillo (Euphractus sexcintus) in translocating cultural materials. Our results suggest that: (1) the vertical movement of artifacts has no preferential direction; (2) cultural horizons at least 20 cm apart can be mixed; (3) the animal's activity leaves some distinct traces that can be recognized during an excavation; and (4) there is no significant correlation between size, shape, or weight of artifacts and amount of displacement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Public funding for residential and nursing home care: projection of the potential impact of proposals to change the residential allowance in services for older people
Authors: Clarkson Paul , Hughes Jane , Challis David 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundThis paper investigates the potential effects of a policy change in the funding of UK residential care. The White Paper Modernising Social Services (Cm 4169, 1998) outlined plans to change the distribution of the Residential Allowance (RA), payable in support of residents in independent residential or nursing home care, from a component of income support paid direct to establishments to a grant to local authorities. This change was intended to remove the perverse incentive in accessing independent residential care more favourably than local authority care. A further objective was to encourage local authorities to use the grant to support home‐based alternatives to residential care. The policy rests on a model in which price signals dictate the choice of care for an older person. By, in effect, raising the price of independent residential and nursing home care, the policy provides an incentive for authorities to seek alternatives to institutional care.MethodsManagers from 16 UK social services departments attended a focus group discussion, completed questionnaires and provided information to assist in calculating the potential diversionary effect of the policy.ResultsManagerial estimates indicated a small diversionary effect of the policy; A potential effect of 0.26 and 0.19 per 1000 older people diverted from residential and nursing care respectively.ConclusionsThe study indicated that wider organisational factors other than price are likely to play a greater role in deciding whether an older person is admitted to care. Changes in public funding alone do not reflect the complexities involved in decision‐making concerning the residential placement of older people. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cost implications of the changing population and characteristics of care homes
Authors: Darton Robin , Netten Ann , Forder Julien 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundRecent increases in care home closures suggest that homes may not be able to balance pressures to reduce costs against pressures to increase standards. Commissioning requires an understanding of the factors affecting costs and how they change over time.MethodsA survey of care homes for older people was conducted in 21 local authorities in England in 1996. A complete response was obtained for 618 homes (75%) and 11,900 residents. Findings were compared with surveys conducted in 1986 and 1988.ResultsDependency was significantly related to prices, primarily due to the differential payments to nursing and residential homes. Home characteristics were also related to price, the proportion of single rooms having the largest impact. However, prices were most sensitive to local wage rates, particularly in residential homes. Compared with previous surveys levels of dependency had increased, particularly in voluntary residential homes and nursing homes. Independent homes were more likely to be purpose built, and a higher proportion of beds were in single rooms, although only 30% of private residential, dual registered and nursing homes achieved the proposed level of 80% of beds in single rooms. Staffing ratios appeared to have increased, but price rises were modest, particularly for nursing homes.ConclusionsStandards of provision have improved over time, although prices appear to have been kept below those expected from increases in costs. Continuing pressures on costs and prices are likely to lead to further closures and a restriction of choice for older people. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the specialist physician in nursing homes: the Netherlands' experience
Authors: Frank Hoek J. , Ribbe Miel W. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M , van der Vleuten Cees P. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundDutch nursing homes employ physicians who have completed a two year specialist training programme to become a qualified nursing home physician. This paper describes the origin of the profession of nursing home medicine in the context of Dutch nursing homes.MethodReview of the history and development of the need for specialist physicians in care of residents in nursing homes. Examination of the competencies required and training available for physicians and the benefits of this arrangement in improving quality of care.ResultsRelevant skills and competencies of the specialist physician in nursing homes are discussed. The role and tasks, and the nursing home physician's method of working and providing care are explained, as well as the benefits and disadvantages of organizing medical care in this way.ConclusionsThe benefits of a specialist physician are considered greater than the disadvantages. Specialist training for this role is considered to be highly desirable. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International experiments in integrated care for the elderly: a synthesis of the evidence
Authors: Johri Mira , Beland Francois , Bergman Howard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe OECD countries have recently promoted policies of deinstitutionalisation and community‐based care for the elderly. These policies respond to common cost pressures associated with population aging, and the challenge of providing improved care for the elderly. They aim to substitute less costly services for institutional ones, to improve patient satisfaction and decrease expenses. However, views concerning their success are mixed. We took a comparative cross‐national approach to examine the evidence, to identify common features of an effective system of integrated care, and to examine the potential of such models to positively affect care of the elderly, and public finances.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of recent demonstration projects testing innovative models of care for the elderly in OECD countries. Projects included aimed to create comprehensive integration of acute and long‐term care services, and were evaluated using a comparison group.ResultsFor each project, we report available results on rates of hospitalisation, long term care institutionalisation, utilisation and costs, impact on process of care, and health outcomes. In addition, the following common features of an effective integrated system of care were identified: a single entry point system; case management, geriatric assessment and a multidisciplinary team; and use of financial incentives to promote downward substitution.ConclusionsCommunity‐based care can impact favourably on rates of institutionalisation and costs. Comprehensive approaches to program restructuring are necessary, as cost‐effectiveness depends on characteristics of the system of care. Expansion of successful programmes to achieve widespread use remains a critical challenge. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving nursing home quality of care through outcomes data: the MDS quality indicators
Authors: Zimmerman David R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of care provided to nursing home residents is a continuing source of concern throughout the world. In the United States, the Health Care Financing Administration mandated the use of a standardised resident assessment instrument, called the Minimum Data Set (MDS) which facilitated the development of a set of nursing home quality of care indicators.MethodsThe MDS Quality Indicators were developed by a team of researchers at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison and covered 12 domains, as well as associated risk factors. This initial set of indicators then went through an iterative process of review by national clinical panels, further empirical analysis, validation studies, and pilot tests, to confirm whether they were accurate, reliable and useful tools for identifying quality problems.ResultsThe final set of MDS Quality Indicators includes 24 variables that include both processes and outcomes of care and prevalence and incidence measures. They are defined at both the resident and facility level. Four of the indicators are risk‐adjusted.ConclusionThe indicators have several possible applications: a source of consumer information; to help guide policy makers; and to assist providers in conducting quality improvement initiatives and to evaluate the impact of these efforts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking and quality in residential and nursing homes: lessons from the US
Authors: Mor Vincent , Angelelli J. , Gifford D. , Morris J. , Moore T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundPerformance measurement and benchmarking are common concerns in the delivery of long term care. It is common to measure the performance of providers and to publicly report these data. This paper examines selected technical challenges facing those who design, implement and disseminate health care quality performance measures.MethodReview of the application of measures of performance in the US nursing home sector.ResultsUsing examples drawn from the skilled nursing home arena, problems ranging from data reliability and validity, the multi‐dimensional nature of quality measures and selection bias as well as differential measurement abilities are discussed.ConclusionsBenchmarking of performance is an inherently complex issue. However, to ensure that such comparisons are both fair and valid requires measures to be more technically sophisticated and sensitive to real changes attributable to changes in care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of transitional objects in young children in Tokyo and New York
Authors: Hobara Mieko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study compared the prevalence of children's transitional object attachment in the two groups of young children in Tokyo and New York. The subjects (mothers of a child who was between two and four years of age) were 50 Caucasian women who resided in New York and 50 Japanese women who resided in Tokyo. Families of all subjects were within middle and upper socioeconomic status. There was a higher prevalence of transitional object attachment in American children (62%) than in Japanese children (38%). Japanese children more often slept in the same bed or same room with mothers than American children. The two groups did not differ regarding the hours of mother's availability. The results lend support to Gaddini and Gaddini's suggestion that children whose mothers are continuously available, especially at night, are not likely to develop attachment to transitional objects. The results from this survey research were discussed in terms of significance of transitional object attachment on child development. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Clinical Interview for high‐risk Parents of premature infants (CLIP) as a predictor of early disruptions in the mother–infant relationship at the nursery
Authors: Keren Miri , Feldman Ruth , Eidelman Arthur I. , Sirota Leah , Lester Barry 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe relations between mothers' narrative regarding the infant and the premature birth and the quality of mother–infant interaction were examined in mothers of 47 very low birth weight (<1650 g) premature singletons prior to discharge. Maternal representations were assessed with the Clinical Interview for high‐risk Parents of premature babies (CLIP), a semistructured interview that explores mothers' experiences of the pregnancy, delivery, hospitalization period, thoughts and feelings about the infant, and impending discharge. Ten minutes of mother–infant interaction were videotaped, and global and microanalytic codes were used to define three interactive variables: maternal adaptation, maternal touch, and infant withdrawal. Factor analysis of the CLIP items identified two factors with eigen values of 2.00 and above, termed Readiness for Motherhood and Maternal Rejection. Regression analyses were used to predict the three interactive variables by the infant's medical condition, maternal anxiety and depression, and the CLIP factors. Maternal adaptation to the infant's signal and maternal positive touch were each uniquely predicted by the mother's readiness for the maternal role, and were each negatively related to maternal depression. The infant's interactive withdrawal was independently predicted by maternal rejection. The clinical implications of the findings and the potential use of the CLIP for routine detection of early disruptions in the mother–infant relationship are discussed. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Parenting after trauma: Supporting parents and caregivers in the treatment of children impacted by violence
Authors: Appleyard Karen , Osofsky Joy D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe deleterious impact of trauma on parents and their capacity to parent their children seems well recognized in the clinical community, although not sufficiently studied empirically. The purposes of this article are to present an overview of current knowledge about trauma and parenting, to provide an illustrative clinical case study, and to offer recommendations for systemic treatment modalities, multidisciplinary program design, and empirical evaluation. The preponderance of evidence from both the available literature and clinical observations indicates the crucial need for caregiver support in families who have experienced violence. The case study provides an exemplar of the overlapping and interrelated clinical needs of families experiencing trauma. The authors conclude that future empirical study should focus on delineating the processes through which parent functioning following trauma affects children, as well as establishing the effectiveness of treatment and the links between improvement in parent mental health and subsequent enhanced functioning in children. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Preparation and animal biodistribution of 166Ho labeled DOTA for possible use in intravascular radiation therapy (IVRT)
Authors: Das Tapas , Chakraborty Sudipta , Banerjee Sharmila , Samuel Grace , Sarma H. D. , Venkatesh Meera , Pillai M. R. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOwing to its favorable decay characteristics (T1/2=27 h, Eβ(max)=1.85 MeV, Eγ=81 keV) and its availability with a specific activity of 3.7–4.4 GBq/mg from a moderate flux reactor, 166Ho can be considered as a potential radionuclide for intravascular radiation therapy (IVRT) using liquid‐filled balloons. In the present work, studies on the use of 166Ho labeled 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) as a possible agent for IVRT for the prevention of restenosis has been initiated. 166Ho was obtained by irradiating natural Ho2O3 powder and DOTA was synthesized by a multistep procedure. The optimum protocol of radiolabeling of DOTA with 166Ho was achieved by varying different reaction parameters. The complex was found to retain its stability for 7 days at room temperature. Bioevaluation studies carried out in Wistar rats showed that >95% of the injected activity was excreted within 3 h p.i. with almost no retention in any major organ. Both radiochemical and biological studies showed that 166Ho labeled DOTA can be further explored as a potential agent for IVRT. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiochemical stability of 14C‐compounds on storage: benefits of thioethers
Authors: Fredenhagen Andreas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStorage of radiochemicals is a significant practical problem. Storage as a solution in various solvents was compared to the storage as a neat oil or solid over an extended period of time. Dichloromethane, a solvent previously not recommended for storage, was found to be a good choice in certain solvent mixtures. Addition of methylsulfide or 2‐methyl‐2‐butene was shown to reduce the radiochemical decomposition by a factor of 1.7–3.2 in ethanol‐free solvents. General points to consider for storage of radiochemicals are discussed. Radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of tritium‐labelled BIIL 260 of high specific radioactivity
Authors: Shevchenko V.P. , Nagaev I.Yu. , Myasoedov N.F. , Susan A.B. , Anderskewitz R. , Birke F.W. , Switek K‐H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractVarious approaches to the synthesis of tritium‐labelled BIIL 260 with high specific radioactivity were investigated. Attempts to incorporate tritium directly into BIIL 260 were made by solid‐phase isotope exchange with tritium gas and by isotope exchange with tritiated water which yielded a final product with specific activities ranging from 2 to 7 Ci/mmol. However, the solid‐phase and liquid‐phase dehalogenations of an appropriate synthon fragment of BIIL 260 followed by its subsequent conversion to the final product via chemical synthesis yielded the desired tritium‐labelled BIIL 260 with specific activities of 25 or 71 Ci/mmol, depending upon the precursors and methods used in the dehalogenation step. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of labelled 2‐methoxy‐3‐alkylpyrazines: synthesis and characterization of deuterated 2‐methoxy‐3‐isopropylyrazine and 2‐methoxy‐3‐isobutylpyrazine
Authors: Gerritsma David A. , Brindle Ian D. , Jones Timothy R.B. , Capretta Alfredo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEfficient synthetic routes for a number of deuterated analogues of 2‐methoxy‐3‐isopropylpyrazines and 2‐methoxy‐3‐isobutylpyrazines have been developed involving the condensation of glyoxal with an α‐amino acid amide followed by methylation with iodomethane. In this way [2H3]2‐methoxy‐3‐isopropylpyrazine, 2‐methoxy‐3‐isopropyl‐[2H2]pyrazine, [2H3]2‐methoxy‐3‐isopropyl‐[2H2]pyrazine, [2H3]2‐methoxy‐3‐isobutylpyrazine; 2‐methoxy‐3‐isobutyl‐[2H2]pyrazine and [2H3]2‐methoxy‐3‐isobutyl‐[2H2]pyrazine were prepared and characterized by NMR and MS. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylation of the thiophene ring using Carbon‐11‐labelled methyl iodide: formation of 3‐[11C]methylthiophene
Authors: Karramkam M. , Demphel S. , Hinnen F. , Trognon C. , Dollé F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the radiosynthesis of 3‐[11C]methylthiophene, chosen as a model reaction for the preparation of heteroaromatic methylthienyl compounds. Labelling was performed from the corresponding lithiothiophene derivative and [11C]methyl iodide as the alkylating agent in THF at −78°C. The conditions used were the following: (1) trapping for 2–3 min at −78°C of the [11C]methyl iodide in the THF solution containing the freshly prepared 3‐lithiothiophene; (2) Hydrolysis of the reaction mixture by adding 0.5 ml of the HPLC mobile phase and (3) HPLC purification. 3‐[11C]Methylthiophene ([11C]‐1) was collected in high yield as the unique peak of the HPLC radiochromatogram. Non‐reacted [11C]methyl iodide was not present. Typically, 50–60 mCi (1.85–2.22 GBq) of 3‐[11C]methylthiophene ([11C]‐1) were obtained within 20 min of radiosynthesis (including HPLC purification) with specific radioactivities ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 Ci/μmol (22.2–37.0 GBq/μmol) starting from 180 to 200 mCi (6.66–7.40 GBq) of [11C]CO2 (10 μA, 10 min (6000 μC) irradiation). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.