bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhaled nitric oxide corresponds with office evaluation of asthma control
Authors: Meyts Isabelle , Proesmans Marijke , De Boeck Kris 
Published: August 2003

AbstractExhaled NO (ENO) has been studied as a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation, and has been shown to be elevated in asthma patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ENO measurements differ significantly between groups of asthmatic children with different disease control and to compare ENO measurements with the clinical assessment of asthma control. Seventy‐three children between 5–18 years old with a diagnosis of asthma were recruited. ENO was measured online during a slow vital capacity maneuver. The mean of three plateau NO levels was used for analysis. Baseline and postbronchodilator spirometry were performed. The assessment of disease control was based on the frequency of use of beta2‐agonists, occurrence of day‐ and nighttime asthma symptoms, and spirometry results. Twenty‐one children (group 1) had good asthma control. In 31 patients (group 2), asthma control was acceptable. In 21 patients (group 3), asthma was insufficiently controlled. ENO levels were (median (quartiles)): group 1, 11 ppb (9–21); group 2, 15 ppb (11–26); and group 3, 28 ppb (19–33). Measurements were significantly different between all three groups (P = 0.009, Kruskal‐Wallis), between groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.01, Mann‐Whitney U test), and between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.01, Mann‐Whitney‐U test). The same was true for reversibility testing. We found significantly different ENO levels between a group of pediatric asthma patients with insufficient and good/sufficient control, as defined by clinical assessment. These results suggest that ENO measurements may be useful for monitoring asthma patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:283–289. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adherence to montelukast versus inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma
Authors: Carter Edward R. , Ananthakrishnan Madhu 
Published: August 2003

AbstractOur objective was to compare adherence to montelukast with adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children with persistent asthma. In this retrospective study, we obtained data from a computerized hospital pharmacy database and medical records on 14l patients, 3–18 years of age, who received care for asthma at a military medical center. For each patient, we collected fill/refill data from a consecutive 6‐month period and calculated an adherence rate, i.e., (# doses filled/# doses prescribed) × 100. We then determined whether the patient had “good adherence” (adherence rate, ≥70%) or “very poor adherence” (adherence rate, <50%). Eighty‐one children were prescribed montelukast, and 104 took ICS; 44 of these children took both. The majority of patients had mild or moderate persistent asthma. There was no significant difference between mean adherence rates: 71% (95% CI, 65–77%) for montelukast vs. 67% (95% CI, 61–73%) for ICS. Fifty‐one percent of patients taking montelukast had good adherence, compared to 41% in the ICS group (P = 0.27). Nineteen percent of the montelukast group and 26% of the ICS group had very poor adherence (P = 0.31). Using pharmacy refill data, we found that children with asthma were no more likely to take montelukast than inhaled corticosteroids. Adherence to both medications was suboptimal, even in a system that provides free and easy access to medications. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:.301–304. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination anti‐inflammatory and antiviral therapy of influenza in a cotton rat model
Authors: Ottolini Martin , Blanco Jorge , Porter David , Peterson Lisa , Curtis Spencer , Prince Gregory 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe cotton rat was evaluated as a model for anti‐inflammatory and antiviral influenza therapy. Beginning 3 days after intranasal infection with 107 tissue culture infectious doses—50% (TCID)50 of an H3N2 human influenza, animals were treated topically via intranasal lavage with a range of doses of triamcinolone acetonide (1, 4, or 16 mg/kg), alone or in combination with a neuraminidase inhibitor or anti‐influenza convalescent serum. Pulmonary histopathologic changes were dramatically decreased in animals treated with 4 or 16 mg/kg of triamcinolone, with little additional benefit from addition of a neuraminidase inhibitor or topical serum, agents which were much less effective when used alone. A high degree of suppression of IFN‐γ levels was observed in all combinations where 4 or 16 mg/kg of triamcinolone were used. Viral replication was not prolonged by corticosteroid therapy. Tissue damage during influenza infection may be greatly reduced by combination antiviral and anti‐inflammatory therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:290–294. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapidly progressing case of Mounier‐Kuhn Syndrome in early childhood
Authors: Hubbard Melissa , Masters I. Brent , Chang Anne B. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractReports of Mounier‐Kuhn Syndrome in childhood are extremely rare, as it usually presents in the third or fourth decades. In the only other report of a case diagnosed in early childhood, the child was well at the time of publication. We report on a 15‐month‐old boy who presented with his first respiratory illness at age 3 months. His disease course was more severe than previously reported. Diagnosis was characteristically delayed until acute respiratory failure complicated a respiratory tract infection at 13 months, prompting high‐resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest. He gradually deteriorated, eventually requiring ventilatory support; death occurred at age 15 months. This report illustrates the clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome. We review the theories about etiology and the recognized clinical findings in adults. Incidence may be higher than previously estimated, and tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) should be considered as a cause of respiratory failure and recurrent pneumonia in children where other investigations, including chest X‐ray (CXR), are normal. A chest HRCT (cHRCT) scan and bronchoscopy are usually diagnostic. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:353–356. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing correlations between spirometry and Shwachman‐Kulczycki score in children and adolescents
Authors: Assis I. , Camargos P.A.M. , Reis F.J.C. , Sulmonett N. , Carneiro A.P.S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA retrospective observational study was carried out to analyze the correlations between formal pulmonary function tests and the Shwachman‐Kulczycki (SK) score. Forty‐six Brazilian cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, clinically stable, aged 7–19 years, were included. Clinical and radiological findings of the SK score system and spirometry variables were assessed by independent observers in a blinded manner. The strongest correlation (r = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.85; P < 0.001) was found for forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Despite some peculiarities of our patients, the results are in agreement with studies undertaken in industrialized countries, showing good correlation between FEV1 and SK score and its usefulness in managing CF. Accordingly, in countries where pulmonary function testing is not available, the SK score remains a valuable parameter on which to base treatment results. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:305–309. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracorporeal life support in pertussis
Authors: Pooboni Suneel , Roberts Neil , Westrope Claire , Jenkins David R. , Killer Hilliary , Pandya Hitesh C. , Firmin Richard K. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSevere B. pertussis infection in infants is characterized by severe respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, leukocytosis, and death. This retrospective case analysis highlights the course and outcome of severe B. pertussis infection treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at a single center. Over the last decade, out of a total caseload of nearly 800 infants and children, 12 infants with severe B. pertussis have been referred for ECMO therapy to our center. All infants with pertussis infection who received ECMO therapy were less than 3 months of age at presentation and unvaccinated. There was a high mortality rate (7 of 12 infants died), which was associated with an elevated neutrophil count at presentation and multiorgan dysfunction characterized by intractable pulmonary hypertension, persistent systemic hypotension, renal insufficiency, and fits. ECMO should be offered to children with pertussis infection and respiratory failure refractory to mechanical ventilation. However, further research is required to determine the optimal management for infants receiving ECMO therapy with this disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:310–315. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia cannot be detected by PCR in the breath condensate of patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Vogelberg Christian , Hirsch Thomas , Rösen‐Wolff Angela , Kerkmann Marie‐Louise , Leupold Wolfgang 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe collection of sputum for microbiological examination in young cystic fibrosis patients can be very difficult. However, a knowledge of bacterial flora colonizing the patient's airways is of paramount importance for proper antimicrobial therapy. It is also known that cystic fibrosis patients colonized by Pseudomonas species have a poorer prognosis than Pseudomonas‐negative patients. Noninvasive ways of diagnosing airway inflammation that require only minimal cooperation of the patient might yield new possibilities for early detection of airway colonisation. The breath condensate method as a noninvasive diagnostic technique seems especially appropriate for use in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the breath condensate method could be used for detection of Pseudomonas species in children with cystic fibrosis. In total, 32 breath condensate and seven sputum samples were obtained from 13 cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐ or Burkholderia cepacia‐positive sputum culture (20 samples were obtained during forced expiration). PCR for combined detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Burkholderia cepacia was performed. PCR results of all breath condensate samples were negative for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, or Burkholderia cepacia, while all sputum sample results were positive. A minimum DNA quantity of 10 fg could be detected in dilution series of the positive control group. We conclude that the breath condensate method cannot be used as a tool for detection of Pseudomonas species. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:348–352. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An alternative to lung transplantation
Authors: Cohen Gordon , Saglani Sejal , Dinwiddie Robert , Webb Michael , Jaffé Adam 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been used increasingly in adults for treatment of breathlessness caused by severe emphysema.1 It is of particular benefit to patients with a heterogenous anatomic distribution of emphysema, with obvious target areas for resection,2 as it allows an improved chance of reclaiming function from surrounding compressed lung.3 We report on an 8‐year‐old male with obliterative bronchiolitis in whom LVRS has been used as a measure to significantly improve quality of life and avoid the immediate need for lung transplantation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:357–358. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral airway function in childhood asthma, assessed by single‐breath He and SF6 washout
Authors: Ljungberg Henrik K. , Gustafsson Per M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractTo assess whether the peripheral airways are involved in pediatric asthma, 10 asthmatic children (aged 8–15 years), hyperresponsive to dry‐air hyperventilation challenge (DACh), performed spirometry and a vital capacity He/SF6 single‐breath washout test at rest, after DACh, and after beta2‐therapy. The normalized phase III slopes (SnIII) of the expired He and SF6 concentrations served as measures of overall ventilation inhomogeneity, and the (SF6 − He) SnIII difference served to indicate where along the peripheral airways obstruction occurs. While a greater increase in the He vs. SF6 slope indicates that obstruction has occurred in the vicinity of the acinar entrance, the reverse suggests obstruction deeper in the intraacinar airways. The mean (SD) fall in FEV1 after DACh was 35 (14)%. Both He and SF6 SnIII increased significantly (P < 0.05) after the challenge, and were restituted after beta2‐therapy (P < 0.05). After DACh, SnIII increased more for He than for SF6, resulting in a negative (SF6 − He) SnIII difference (P < 0.01), which was restituted after beta2‐therapy (P < 0.05). Even though there was no correlation between baseline FEV1 and the magnitude of the subsequent fall in this parameter after DACh (r2 = 0.04; n.s.), a strong correlation was found between the (SF6 − He) SnIII difference at rest and its change after DACh (r2 = 0.81; P < 0.001). We conclude that airways close to the acinar entrance participate in the airway response to DACh in asthmatic children. The magnitude of this peripheral airway response is related to the severity of resting peripheral airway dysfunction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:339–347. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severity of acid gastroesophageal reflux assessed by pH metry: Is it associated with respiratory disease?
Authors: Gorenstein Arkadi , Levine Arie , Boaz Mona , Mandelberg Avigdor , Serour Francis 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAbout 50% of children with chronic respiratory diseases (RD) have “silent” gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Our purpose was to evaluate the possibility that RD in patients with GER reflects the presence of more severe acid reflux. We compared the severity of parameters from pH studies in children with chronic RD and “silent” GER, to children with signs of symptomatic gastrointestinal (GI) GER with and without RD. This study included 236 children (aged 1 month to 15 years) with abnormal 24‐hr pH monitoring among 718 patients studied for suspected diagnosis of GER. Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of children with chronic RD but without any GI symptoms of GER. Group 2 was comprised of children with symptomatic GI presentation of GER such as regurgitation, vomiting, heartburn, and failure to thrive, but without any signs or symptoms of RD. Group 3 included children with prevalent RD and concomitant signs of symptomatic GER. Patients with predominant GI manifestations (group 2) had a significantly higher fraction of time with pH <4 (P < 0.01), total time value of pH <4 (P < 0.05), and longest episode with pH <4 (P < 0.05). Esophageal clearance was significantly longer in group 1 patients than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Patients with mixed disease (group 3) were similar to patients in group 2. Patients with GI symptoms had significantly worse scores for all parameters evaluated except esophageal clearance score, compared to patients without GI symptoms. Longer esophageal clearance was the only parameter associated with respiratory signs in patients with respiratory symptoms compared to those without. In conclusion, the presence of RD in pediatric patients with silent GER is related to longer esophageal clearance, but is not related to severity of reflux. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:330–334. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for recurrent wheezing following acute bronchiolitis: A 12‐month follow‐Up
Authors: Cifuentes Lorena , Caussade Solange , Villagrán Claudia , Darrigrande Paula , Bedregal Paula , Valdivia Gonzalo , Sánchez Ignacio 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify wheezing recurrences and related risk factors in two groups of infants with bronchiolitis: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (+) and RSV (−) as determined by RSV enzyme immunoassay. A 1‐year prospective cohort study was conducted with infants younger than 2 years old. Follow‐up was made monthly, by a clinical visit and/or by telephone, checking the number of wheezing episodes per month and possible related risk factors. There were 96 subjects enrolled, of whom 77 reached complete follow‐up: 36 were RSV (+) (46.8%), and 41 were RSV (−) (53.2%). In the RSV (+) group, there were 17 males (47%), vs. RSV (−) with 30 males (73%) (P < 0.05); 22 RSV (+) (61%) were admitted to hospital, vs.14 RSV (−) (34%) (P < 0.05). Mean age was not significantly different in both groups. The mean number of recurrences was 3.36 episodes/infant/year in the RSV (+) and 2.34 in the RSV (−) group (P = 0.06). Crude relative risk (RR) for a new recurrence of an obstructive episode was 1.33 (95% CI, 0.99–1.79). After adjustment for several potential confounders, the RR was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.03–1.93). Hospitalization stay was longer in the RSV (+) than the RSV (−) group (P < 0.05). In the RSV (+) group, patients who had been hospitalized showed more recurrences (4.18) than those with outpatient treatment (2.07) (P < 0.05); this difference did not exist in the RSV (−) group. The related risk factors for recurrent wheeze in the RSV (−) group were male gender, number of siblings, and daycare attendance (P < 0.05). In the RSV (+) group, the risk of recurrent wheeze was only increased by admission to hospital during the acute bronchiolitis episode (P < 0.05). We speculate that there may be a higher rate of increased airway reactivity and/or preexisting diminished lung function in RSV (+) infants requiring hospitalization for their initial illness. In conclusion, RSV‐proven bronchiolitis, particularly in those infants who are hospitalized, is associated with a higher recurrence of wheezing episodes in the subsequent 12 months. Other factors appear to account for recurrent wheeze in the RSV (−) group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:316–321. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome in children
Authors: Wong Gary W.K. , Li Albert M. , Ng P.C. , Fok Tai F. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly described and highly contagious respiratory infection. Many adult patients will develop progressive hypoxia, and a large proportion will develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), possibly related to massive and uncontrolled activation of the immune system. The mortality has been reported to be quite high, especially in the elderly with comorbid conditions. The causative agent has been identified as a novel coronavirus, and children appear to acquire the infection by close‐contact household exposure to an infected adult. However, the severity is much milder and the clinical progression much less aggressive in young children. The exact pathophysiology of SARS is still unclear, and the medical treatment of SARS remains controversial. The main treatment regime used in Hong Kong is a combination of ribavirin and steroid. To date, there have been no reported case fatalities in children with this disease. The success of reducing the burden of this infection in children will depend on proper isolation of infected adults early in the course of illness. Strict public health policy and quarantine measures are the key in controlling the infection in the community. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:261–266. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perfluorocarbons attenuate oxidative lung damage
Authors: Dani C. , Costantino M.L. , Martelli E. , Corno C. , Fiore G.B. , Buonocore G. , Longini M. , Di Filippo A. , Tozzini S. , Rubaltelli F.F. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tidal liquid ventilation (TLV) compared to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) on oxidative lung damage in the setting of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). After repeated lung lavages, 10 minipigs were treated with CMV or TLV for 4 hr before the animals were sacrificed. Samples for blood gas analysis and bronchial aspirate samples were withdrawn before the induction of lung injury, and at 10 min, 2 hr, and 4 hr after the beginning of ventilatory support. To assess lung oxidative damage, total hydroperoxide (TH) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) concentrations were measured in bronchial aspirate samples. After 2 and 4 hr of ventilatory support, partial oxygen tension (PaO2) and base excess (BE) were significantly higher in the TLV group than in the CMV group, while PaCO2 was slightly higher, but with no statistical significance. In the CMV group, the AOPP level was significantly higher at 4 hr than at baseline. TH and AOPP bronchial aspirate concentrations were higher in the CMV group than in the TLV group at 2 and 4 hr of ventilation. We conclude that animals treated with TLV showed lower oxidative lung damage compared to animals treated with CMV. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:322–329. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Structure, Molecular Orbital and Valence Bond Calculations for Tetrazole Azide, CHN7
Authors: Hammerl Anton , Klapötke Thomas M. , Nöth Heinrich , Warchhold Markus , Holl Gerhard 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe synthesis, NMR spectroscopic characterization and structure determination of highly explosive tetrazole azide, a very nitrogen‐rich material (88.3% N) is reported. Tetrazole azide was prepared in high yield from the diazotation reaction of aminotetrazole, followed by treatment of the formed diazonium salt with sodium azide. Synthesis in diethylether/methanol and recrystallization from diethylether afforded colorless cubes: CHN7 (1): monoclinic, P1 21/n1, a=1346.6(5), b=499.6(2), c=1360.9(5) pm, β=105.14(1)0, V=0.884(2) nm3, Z=8, ϱ=1.670 g cm−3. The observed structural parameters (X‐ray) are in good accordance with the results from molecular orbital (MO) calculations. The computed electrostatic potential (B3LYP) suggests a pronounced shock and friction sensitivity which was confirmed experimentally. Quantitative valence bond (VB) calculations were performed for the most important 21 VB structures in order to obtain the structural weights and to obtain an assessment for the importance of the various individual VB structures considered.
Energetic, Low‐Melting Salts of Simple Heterocycles
Authors: Drake Gregory , Hawkins Tommy , Brand Adam , Hall Leslie , Mckay Milton , Vij Ashwani , Ismail Ismail 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe synthesis of three new families of heterocyclic‐based salts was undertaken and accomplished. Three triazole systems, 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole, 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole, and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole, were used as proton bases with nitric (HNO3), perchloric (HClO4), and dinitramidic (HN(NO2)2) acid systems. In all cases, stable salts were recovered and fully characterized by vibrational spectra (IR, Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, material balance, density measurements, and elemental analyses, as well as DSC, TGA and initial safety testing (impact). Many of these salts have melting points well below 100 °C, yet high decomposition onsets, defining them as new, highly energetic members of the well known class of materials identified as ionic liquids. Additionally, the single crystal X‐ray diffraction study of 1,2,4‐triazolium perchlorate was investigated, revealing the expected structure.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Behaviour of Guanidinium‐5‐aminotetrazolate (GA) – A New Nitrogen‐Rich Compound
Authors: Neutz Jochen , Grosshardt Otto , Schäufele Stephan , Schuppler Heike , Schweikert Wenka 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis and the thermoanalytical characterization of guanidinium‐5‐aminotetrazolate (GA). GA is a new nitrogen‐rich energetic material. It is not mentioned in the chemical literature so far. The molecular structure of the compound has been determined by IR, 1H‐, 13C‐ and 15N‐NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties, the decomposition pathways and its volatile products were investigated by thermal analysis and are discussed.