bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual Stresses in a Wire and Arc-Directed Energy-Deposited Al–6Cu–Mn (ER2319) Alloy Determined by Energy-Dispersive High-Energy X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Klein T. , Spoerk-Erdely P. , Schneider-Broeskamp C. , Oliveira J. P. , Abreu Faria G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to enable and promote the adoption of novel material processing technologies, a comprehensive understanding of the residual stresses present in structural components is required. The intrinsically high energy input and complex thermal cycle during arc-based additive manufacturing typically translate into non-negligible residual stresses. This study focuses on the quantitative evaluation of residual stresses in an Al–6Cu–Mn alloy fabricated by wire and arc-directed energy deposition. Thin, single-track aluminum specimens that differ in their respective height are investigated by means of energy-dispersive high-energy X-ray diffraction. The aim is to assess the build-up of stresses upon consecutive layer deposition. Stresses are evaluated along the specimen build direction as well as with respect to the lateral position within the component. The residual stress evolution suggests that the most critical region of the specimen is close to the substrate, where high tensile stresses close to the material’s yield strength prevail. The presence of these stresses is due to the most pronounced thermal gradients and mechanical constraints in this region.
The Diagnostic Potential of the L Score for ABO Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Yike , Deng Jun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the L score, a novel scoring system, in distinguishing between ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN) and non-hemolytic disease of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (NHDNH).

Methods
A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the L score in distinguishing between ABO-HDN (n = 118) and NHDNH (n = 213). Blood routine examination results were collected, and relevant statistical analyses were performed to identify clinically significant parameters. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between the L score and the development of these conditions, considering relevant variables.

Results
Our study identified the red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width—coefficient of variation, and red blood cell distribution width—standard deviation as independent risk factors for distinguishing ABO-HDN from other high bilirubinemia conditions (P < 0.001). The L score demonstrated superior predictive performance for ABO-HDN, exhibiting an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.746, with an optimal cutoff value of − 3.0816. The RBC-L score exhibited superior predictive performance (z: 5.596, P < 0.0001) compared to the single-factor RBC indicator, indicating its efficacy in accurately identifying the desired outcome.

Conclusion
The L score represents a valuable tool for predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and hemolytic disease, facilitating differentiation, and guiding early intervention for improved outcomes. Further research is warranted to validate and expand the applicability of the L score in clinical practice.
Moral Identity, Moral Integration, and Autobiographical Narrative
Authors: Vanello Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMoral identity theorists argue that moral action is explained by the centrality of moral values to a person’s identity. Moral identity theorists refer to moral integration as both the process by which moral values become central to a person’s identity and the state an individual is in when a given moral value is central to their identity. While moral identity theorists appeal to autobiographical narratives to determine the state of moral integration in an individual, they have little to say about the role of autobiographical narratives in articulating the process of moral integration. The aim of this paper is to argue that appealing to autobiographical narratives supports the view that moral integration is a learning process the outcome of which is the acquisition of an understanding of moral concepts that is exercised in moral deliberation. Since moral identity theorists argue that moral integration is empirically correlated to a sustained commitment to moral action, the upshot of the argument of this paper is an account that elucidates the relationship between moral identity, moral action and moral deliberation.
Chromatinopathies: insight in clinical aspects and underlying epigenetic changes
Authors: Bukowska-Olech Ewelina , Majchrzak-Celińska Aleksandra , Przyborska Marta , Jamsheer Aleksander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChromatinopathies (CPs), a group of rare inborn defects characterized by chromatin state imbalance, have evolved from initially resembling Cornelia de Lange syndrome to encompass a wide array of genetic diseases with diverse clinical presentations. The CPs classification now includes human developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in epigenes, genes that regulate the epigenome. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the association of 154 epigenes with CPs, revealing distinctive DNA methylation patterns known as episignatures.It has been shown that episignatures are unique for a particular CP or share similarities among specific CP subgroup. Consequently, these episignatures have emerged as promising biomarkers for diagnosing and treating CPs, differentiating subtypes, evaluating variants of unknown significance, and facilitating targeted therapies tailored to the underlying epigenetic dysregulation.The following review was conducted to collect, summarize, and analyze data regarding CPs in such aspects as clinical evaluation encompassing long-term patient care, underlying epigenetic changes, and innovative molecular and bioinformatic methodologies that have been devised for the assessment of CPs. We have also shed light on promising novel treatment options that have surfaced in recent research and presented a synthesis of ongoing clinical trials, contributing to the current understanding of the dynamic and evolving nature of CPs investigation.
First Clinical Experiences Using Preconditioning Approaches to Improve MSC-Based Therapies
Authors: Le Bryan , Cressman Amin , Morales David , Fierro Fernando A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Describe the rationale for preconditioning MSCs prior to use as therapy and the state-of-the-art of using preconditioning of MSCs in clinical settings.

Recent Findings
Mounting preclinical data supports preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Most research has focused on cytokine priming and hypoxic preconditioning, while other approaches, such as glycoengineering, remain relatively understudied. Despite strong preclinical data, clinical evidence supporting preconditioning strategies are limited to six Phase I clinical trials (most of them in progress).

Summary
Here, we succinctly discuss the rationale for preconditioning using cytokines, hypoxia, and glycoengineering, while elaborating on the respective clinical experiences. Overall, we note that preconditioning is highly dependent on the desired application, and therefore requires elucidating the mechanism of action of the MSCs used for therapy. Preconditioning may also help mitigate heterogeneity of MSC lots. Based on the remarkable safety profile of MSCs, even when used in allogeneic settings, the role of preconditioning prior to their final formulation might be the key to reach expected therapeutic outcomes.
Influence of Cooling Rate and Alloying by “Cr, V, and Ni” on Microstructure and High-Temperature Wear Behavior of SiMo Ductile Iron
Authors: Abdelrahim Dawlat M. , Ateia Ebtesam E. , Youssef Mervat , Nofal Adel A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSiMo ductile irons, typical heat-resistant materials, are subjected to varied wear environments during operation in high-temperature applications. SiMo ductile iron castings of different thicknesses were cast in investment and greensand molds, achieving a wide range of cooling rates. The present work aims to investigate the effect of the cooling rate and alloying elements (Cr, V, and Ni) on the microstructure and the abrasive wear behavior of these grades of SiMo ductile iron at high-temperature 700 °C under different loads. Thermodynamic calculations were used to propose the phase diagrams, critical transformation temperatures, and phase volume fractions in all SiMo alloys by using the Thermo-Calc software then verified by and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The microstructure of unalloyed SiMo ductile cast iron consists of graphite nodules and carbides embedded in the precipitates at the grain boundary regions in a ferrite matrix. The alloyed SiMo microstructure contains nodular graphite and the carbides promoted by the alloying elements (Cr and V). The alloyed SiMo alloys exhibit higher wear resistance than unalloyed ones. These wear results support that the microstructure plays a chief role in wear loss. The combination of M6C, VC, and M7C3 carbides embedded in a ferrite-pearlite matrix (alloyed SiMo) seems to be more resistant to wear than the ferritic matrix with lamellar pearlite and eutectic M6C carbides (unalloyed SiMo).
Cultural expertise in Sami land rights litigation: Epistemic strategies in the Girjas and Fosen cases
Authors: Johansson Peter , Schaffer Johan Karlsson , Johansson Lopez Sara , Palm Sofie , Parguel Camille , Sandin Ina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow do parties mobilise cultural expertise in Indigenous rights litigation in Scandinavia? Recently, Sami groups have litigated to claim Indigenous rights to land and natural resources, winning some remarkable victories in the Supreme Courts of Norway and Sweden. In this paper, we draw on socio-legal mobilisation theory to analyse the epistemic strategies of Sami litigants and their adversaries in two recent landmark Supreme Court cases on Indigenous rights to usage of land: the 2020 Girjas case in Sweden and the 2021 Fosen case in Norway. Conceptualising cultural expertise as a strategic framing contest, we analyse how the parties struggled over the epistemic basis of the respective case by legitimating their claims to cultural knowledge, drawing on academic research, and discrediting their opponents’ epistemic claims. Our findings suggest that in both cases, Sami claimants successfully established an epistemic basis where their traditional, experiential knowledge combined with independent academic expertise effectively challenged the knowledge claims of their adversaries. Yet, both cases also demonstrate how the linkage between Sami Indigeneity and reindeer husbandry in the national law of both countries excludes non-reindeer herding Sami persons from the Indigenous rights affirmed by the courts.
Powdery mildew of ash trees caused by the non-native Erysiphe salmonii in Hungary
Authors: Pintye Alexandra , Molnár Orsolya , Soós Anita Z. , Seress Diána , Ágoston János , Németh Márk Z. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFraxinus ornus and F. excelsior are naturally occurring woodland trees and widely cultivated ornamental plants in Hungary. Leaves with powdery mildew symptoms observed unusually on adaxial side of leaves of F. ornus and F. excelsior were collected from two locations in Hungary. We identified the causing fungi based on their morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Numerous chasmothecia were found on a part of the samples, which were spherical, 83–120 µm in diameter, and the apices of the appendages uncinated or spirally curved. Anamorphs were characterized by conidiophores developing conidia singly, and by hyphae with lobed appressoria, characteristic of Erysiphe spp. The internal transcribed spacer region of the nrDNA was amplified, and the BLAST searches showed 100% similarity with Erysiphe salmonii sequences in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis the sequences of the Hungarian samples grouped in one clade with the sequences of other E. salmonii specimens collected in Central and Eastern Europe and Asia. This is the first report of the non-native E. salmonii causing powdery mildew on Fraxinus sp. in Hungary.
Actively Learning to Learn Causal Relationships
Authors: Jiang Chentian , Lucas Christopher G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow do people actively learn to learn? That is, how and when do people choose actions that facilitate long-term learning and choosing future actions that are more informative? We explore these questions in the domain of active causal learning. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian model that goes beyond past models by predicting that people pursue information not only about the causal relationship at hand but also about causal overhypotheses—abstract beliefs about causal relationships that span multiple situations and constrain how we learn the specifics in each situation. In two active “blicket detector” experiments with 14 between-subjects manipulations, our model was supported by both qualitative patterns in participant behavior and an individual differences-based model comparison. Our results suggest when there are abstract similarities across active causal learning problems, people readily learn and transfer overhypotheses reflecting these similarities. Moreover, people exploit these overhypotheses to facilitate long-term active learning.
How a Daily Regimen of Operant Conditioning Might Explain the Power of the Search Engine Manipulation Effect (SEME)
Authors: Epstein Robert , Lothringer Michael , Zankich Vanessa R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that biased search results can produce substantial shifts in the opinions and voting preferences of undecided voters – a phenomenon called the “search engine manipulation effect” (SEME), one of the most powerful list effects ever discovered. We believe this is so because, unlike other list effects, SEME is supported by a daily regimen of operant conditioning. When people conduct searches for simple facts (86% of searches), the correct answer invariably turns up in the top position, which teaches users to attend to and click on high-ranking search results. As a result, when people are undecided, they tend to formulate opinions based on web pages linked to top search results. We tested this hypothesis in a controlled experiment with 551 US voters. Participants in our High-Trust group conducted routine searches in which the correct answer always appeared in the first search result. In our Low-Trust group, the correct answer could appear in any search position other than the first two. In all, participants had to answer five questions during this pre-training, and we focused our analysis on people who answered all the questions correctly (n = 355) – in other words, on people who were maximally impacted by the pre-training contingencies. A difference consistent with our hypothesis emerged between the groups when they were subsequently asked to search for information on political candidates. Voting preferences in the High-Trust group shifted toward the favored candidate at a higher rate (34.6%) than voting preferences in the Low-Trust group (17.1%, p = 0.001).
Resveratrol Improves Mechanical Allodynia and Inflammation: Focus on Sex Differences in Rats
Authors: Bautista-Carro Mario Alberto , Galindo-Paredes Gumaro , Iannitti Tommaso , Morales-Medina Julio César 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInflammatory pain is a complex phenomenon arising from various etiological factors, resulting in diverse symptoms that can lead to persistent debilitations. The management of chronic inflammatory pain predominantly involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, despite their association with adverse cardiovascular and gastrointestinal effects. Consequently, the pursuit of innovative therapeutic avenues for pain intervention is of paramount importance. Resveratrol, renowned for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative attributes, emerges as a promising candidate in this regard. In this work, we assessed the potential of resveratrol to elicit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in two distinct models of peripheral inflammation: carrageenan and complete Freund’s adjuvant, conducted in male and female rats. In rats treated with carrageen, resveratrol administration yielded an elevation in mechanical thresholds in both sexes, concurrently inducing a reduction in paw diameter specifically among male rats. Furthermore, the administration of resveratrol in complete Freund’s adjuvant–treated rats led to an analogous increase of mechanical thresholds, a response observed in both male and female subjects. These compelling outcomes underscore the analgesic and anti-inflammatory attributes inherent to resveratrol, thereby offering a fresh insight into the intricate realm of sex-related variances in two well-characterized pharmacodynamics models of inflammatory pain.
Graphical Abstract
A Nomogram Model to Predict Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk After Surgery in Patients with Hip Fractures
Authors: Bo Ruting , Chen Xiaoyu , Zheng Xiuwei , Yang Yang , Dai Bing , Yuan Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aims
This study aimed to establish a nomogram model for predicting the probability of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk in patients with hip fractures.

Methods
504 patients were randomly assigned to the training set and validation set, and then divided into a DVT group and a non-DVT group. The study analysed the risk factors for DVT using univariate and multivariate analyses. Based on these parameters, a nomogram model was constructed and validated. The predicting performance of nomogram was evaluated by discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.

Results
The predictors contained in the nomogram model included age, surgical approach, 1-day postoperative D-dimer value and admission ultrasound diagnosis of the lower limb vein. Furthermore, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the specific DVT risk-stratification nomogram model (0.815; 95% CI 0.746–0.884) was significantly higher than the current model (Caprini) (0.659; 95% CI 0.572–0.746, P < 0.05). According to the calibration plots, the prediction and actual observation were in good agreement. In the range of threshold probabilities of 0.2–0.8, the predictive performance of the model on DVT risk could be maximized.

Conclusions
The current predictive model could serve as a reliable tool to quantify the possibility of postoperative DVT in hip fractures patients.
Concerning the ignition of a C12A7 electride plasma-based cathode
Authors: Drobny Christian , Tajmar Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHollow cathodes are crucial components for many electric propulsion systems used for space applications. However, they also represent a challenging and sometimes even limiting element for the propulsion systems. Particularly in recent times when alternative propellants are under evaluation for the thruster, and the design and the limits of the cathodes are being pushed. Consequently, significant improvement in the technology is desired. This publication tests a heaterless cathode using the emitter material C12A7 electride, particularly reviewing its ignition behavior and performance during an ignition cycling campaign. Stable heaterless ignition has been reliantly achieved in only a few milliseconds at an ignition potential of less than 400 V and 20 sccm Kr flow rate. Furthermore, two ignition cycling campaigns at different flow rates are presented, one reaching 3300 ignitions, the other igniting at only 6 sccm Kr flow rate. The degradation of the emitter materials and the influence on the ignition performance is discussed.
Intersectional Advocacy
Authors: Perez Brower Margaret 
Published: January 2024

What happens to those living at the margins of US politics and policy – trapped between multiple struggles: gender-based violence, poverty, homelessness, unaffordable healthcare, mass incarceration and immigration? In this book, Margaret Perez Brower offers the concept of 'intersectional advocacy' to reveal how select organizations addressing gender-based violence are closing policy gaps that perpetuate inequalities by gender, race, ethnicity, and class. Intersectional advocacy is a roadmap for rethinking public policy. The book captures how advocacy groups strategically contest, reimagine, and reconfigure policy institutions using comprehensive new strategies that connect issues together. As these groups challenge traditional ways of addressing the most pressing social issues in the US, they uncover deep inequities that are housed within these institutions. Ultimately, organizations practicing intersectional advocacy illuminate how to redraw the boundaries of policies in ways that transform US democracy to be more representative, equitable, and just.
Ophthalmic and Neuroimaging Associations In Optic Nerve Hypoplasia/Septo-Optic-Pituitary Dysplasia
Authors: Salman Michael S. , Hossain Shakhawat , Carson Elizabeth , Clark Ian H. , Rozovsky Katya 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT:Background:Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (SOD) are neurodevelopmental disorders associated with congenital visual impairment. Our aim was to investigate associations between several ophthalmic and neuroimaging features in patients with ONH/SOD.Methods:A retrospective chart and neuroimaging review was performed in patients with ONH/SOD. Ophthalmic signs (e.g., monocular best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA], nystagmus, and strabismus) and neuroimaging data were extracted and their associations were investigated.Results:There were 128 patients (70 males) with ONH/SOD who had neuroimaging. Their mean age at the end of the study was 13.2 (SD: 7.5) years. Ophthalmic data were available on 102 patients (58 males). BCVA varied from normal to no light perception. There were statistically significant associations between: (A) Reduced optic nerve or chiasm size on neuroimaging and more severely impaired BCVA and (B) laterality of the reduced optic nerve or chiasm size on neuroimaging and laterality of: (1) The eye with reduced BCVA, (2) small optic disc size, and (3) RAPD, if present (p ≤ 0.0002 each). The presence of symmetrically small optic nerves on MRI was significantly more common in patients with nystagmus than when nystagmus was absent (N = 96, 75% vs. 38.6%, p < 0.0001). The presence of neuronal migration disorders, their type and laterality were not associated with BCVA and laterality of the reduced BCVA.Conclusion:The functional and structural associations in ONH are consistent with the impaired visual function that results from the hypoplastic anterior visual pathways. However, these associations were not perfectly concordant making prediction of adult BCVA challenging in these patients.
Chern classes in equivariant bordism
Authors: Schwede Stefan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We introduce Chern classes in

$U(m)$

-equivariant homotopical bordism that refine the Conner–Floyd–Chern classes in the

$\mathbf {MU}$

-cohomology of

$B U(m)$

. For products of unitary groups, our Chern classes form regular sequences that generate the augmentation ideal of the equivariant bordism rings. Consequently, the Greenlees–May local homology spectral sequence collapses for products of unitary groups. We use the Chern classes to reprove the

$\mathbf {MU}$

-completion theorem of Greenlees–May and La Vecchia.