bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comités d'éthique et normalisation de la recherche médicale : contribution à une sociologie de l'institution
Authors: Gagnon Éric 
Published: December 2023

Résumé Avec les comités d'éthique assistons -nous à un réinvestissement éthique de la recherche médicale, au développement et à l'élargissement de questions jusque-là ignorées ou limitées concernant la valeur et la finalité de cette recherche ? Une étude de comités au Canada montre qu ils favorisent le respect des normes et des usages déjà en vigueur, en décourageant tout écart à la moyenne. Reposant sur une confusion entre ce qui est et ce qui doit être, le travail de normalisation ainsi engagé produit une convergence des pratiques de recherche sans que les normes soient clairement discutées et assumées.
Analyse de contenu et analyse de discours : à propos du prénom
Authors: Varro Gabrielle 
Published: December 2023

Résumé Les discours sur le prénom sont schématiquement de deux sortes : quand une personne parle du prénom de son enfant, elle parle en « donneur » ; quand elle parle de son propre prénom, elle parle en «porteur». Jusqu'ici, l'intérêt des chercheurs en sciences sociales a surtout porté sur la dation des noms ; peu d'études existent sur le point de vue des porteurs. Par ailleurs, manque, le plus souvent, une interrogation sur le lien entre la méthode adoptée et les interprétations qui sont avancées. La présentation de deux entretiens enregistrés dans lesquels les membres d'un couple parlent séparément de leur prénom sera l 'occasion de comparer les mérites respectifs de l 'analyse de contenu et de l 'analyse de discours.
Le mémorial de l'holocauste de Berlin
Authors: Kruse Irène 
Published: December 2023

Résumé Au centre de Berlin, nouvelle capitale de l'Allemagne réunifiée, se dressera peut-être un jour un Mémorial de l'Holocauste projeté par l'architecte américain Peter Eisenmann. Ainsi du moins en a décidé le Bundestag lors de sa session d'été 1999. Pour en arriver là, il fallut dix ans de discussions dont les enjeux étaient politiques et esthétiques : comment commémorer les victimes du génocide au niveau national ? Et comment tirer parti de la nouvelle culture du monument commémoratif qui vit le jour dans le dernier quart du siècle, pour éviter de représenter l'irreprésentable tout en trouvant une solution formelle capable de susciter chez le visiteur une méditation personnelle ?
La résistance Polonaise en débat
Authors: Jerzy W. 
Published: December 2023

Résumé La notion de résistance en Europe varie selon les pays. Ainsi, dans de nombreux cas, maquis et résistance ne furent pas synonymes. C'est en Yougoslavie et en Pologne que la résistance fut la plus forte. L'histoire de la lutte des nations yougoslaves contre l'occupant et de la guerre civile yougoslave est relativement bien connue en Europe ; en revanche, la connaissance de l'État clandestin polonais est très limitée en dehors de la Pologne. On confond fréquemment l'insurrection du ghetto de Varsovie (avril 1943) avec celle de toute la ville qui dura du 1er août 1944 jusqu'au début octobre 1944. Les historiens polonais de la dernière décennie éprouvent souvent quelque réserve pour le terme de « résistance », utilisé abusivement à l'époque de la Pologne populaire. Ils lui préfèrent celui d'« État polonais clandestin », notion plus large que la résistance au sens strict et qui englobe la résistance, le maquis, l'administration civile clandestine soumise au gouvernement légal en exil à Londres, le système éducatif clandestin (secondaire et supérieur) qui concernaient des centaines de milliers de personnes même si deux importantes organisations résistantes - l'extrême droite et la gauche communiste - demeurèrent à l'écart. En 1944, un second État clandestin commença à s'édifier en opposition au gouvernement lié aux autorités anglaises. Ce second État, tout d'abord beaucoup plus faible, finit par prendre le pouvoir en 1945, en s'appuyant sur les baïonnettes de l'Armée rouge.
Gaston Bruneton et l'encadrement des travaileurs français en Allemagne (1942-1945)
Authors: Arnaud Patrice 
Published: December 2023

Résumé Patrice Arnaud dit l'importance, plus symptomatique qu'efficace, d'une organisation encore à peu près inconnue : la Délégation officielle française auprès de la Deutsche Arbeitsfront qui, sous prétexte d'assistance sociale, d'animation culturelle et surtout d'encadrement des Français travaillant en Allemagne, devint non seulement un maillon de la politique collaborationniste entre Vichy et Hitler mais aussi un rouage de l'administration nazie. Il décrit également le parcours d'un comparse, son chef si pieux, si bienfaisant et si « européen », Gaston Bruneton, qui ne vit jusqu'au bout dans l'hitlérisme qu'une utopie sociale et unitaire.
Athletic Training Students’ Preparation and Perception of Resources Available to Them Following a Critical Incident
Authors: Wonch Julie A. , Mansell Jamie L. , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Neil Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2023

Context
Although catastrophic injuries are rare, athletic trainers must be ready for emergencies. It is unknown how athletic training students (ATSs) are prepared for postcritical incident management.

Objective
To explore the perceived availability and helpfulness of resources available to ATSs after critical incidents.

Design
Qualitative.

Setting
Individual interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
Eleven current ATSs and/or recent graduates (5 women, 4 men, and 2 prefer to not share; age = 24 ± 4 years) who experienced a critical incident during clinical education.

Data Collection and Analysis
We used criterion sampling for recruiting participants in multiple modes until data saturation was achieved. Participants completed demographic surveys and participated in semistructured interviews regarding their involvement, resources available after the incident, and perceived helpfulness of the resources. All transcripts were deidentified and coded by a 3-person team following the consensual qualitative research tradition. Member checking, triangulation, external auditing, and peer discussion among researchers established credibility and trustworthiness for the analysis.

Results

Three domains emerged
strategies acquired before the incident, management during the incident, and postincident regulation of a review of the resources that had been available. In strategies acquired before the incident, participants described that program preparation, previous personal/clinical experiences, and self-regulating mental health strategies all assisted in managing emotions after the incident. During the incident and the time immediately after, participants discussed managing emotions with formal debriefing, sound policies and procedures, and communication with athletic training faculty and peers. After the incident, some noted that they had an abundance of resources available to them during the critical incident, whereas others noted feeling isolated.

Conclusions
ATSs have resources available to them and an awareness of the impact critical incidents have on mental well-being. They relied on convenient coping mechanisms (eg, peers, preceptors, or faculty debrief) rather than formal counseling. Athletic training programs should provide students with resources and support before and after incidents.
Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of a bioactive material enhanced by phytosynthesized nanoparticles: An in vitro study
Authors: Patri Gaurav , Lath Harshita , Pradhan Prasanti Kumari , Agrawal Pratik , Patri Vijeta 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of ACTIVA Bioactive base/liner (ABBL) enhanced with phytosynthesized titanium dioxide nano-particles (nTiO2) and nano-curcumin (nCur).

Methods:
nTiO2 (3%) was phytosynthesized from moringa leaves extract and characterized. nCur (7%) was synthesized from Curcumin taken in dichloromethane and sprayed into boiling water. Metal molds with a diameter of 5 mm were placed on a glass slab and filled with ABBL (Group 1) and cured. For Group 2 (ABBL + nTiO2), 3% phytosynthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) was added to ABBL and cured. For Group 3 (ABBL + nCur), ABBL discs were fabricated and 7% nCur was surface-coated on these discs and cured. Seven samples for each group with a total sample size of 42 specimens were assessed for anti-biofilm efficacy against Streptococcus mutans at the end of 1 day and 7 days and expressed in colony forming units. Intergroup and intragroup comparison of colony counts was assessed using the one-way analysis of variance and paired t-test, respectively. Level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results:
Intergroup comparison on day 1 and 7 showed significant difference (P = 0.016/P = 0.002) amongst the test groups, where Groups 3 and 1 showed maximum increase in bacterial colonies, respectively, and Group 2 showed minimum. On intragroup comparison, all groups showed an increase in mean colony counts from day 1 to 7, with significant difference only in Group 1 (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
ABBL + 3% TiO2 showed superior results. The antibacterial activity of ABBL decreased with time whereas, ABBL + 7% nCur showed sustained release during the tested time.
Effect of white tea extract incorporated calcium silicate cements on flexural strength and collagen degradation of dentin
Authors: Manakunathu Varun Mathew , Madhubala Manavalan Madhana , Sanjeev Kavitha , Mahalaxmi Sekar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the effect of white tea extract-incorporated mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine (BD) on collagen degradation and flexural strength of coronal dentin.

Methods:
Two hundred and fifty dentin beams (10 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were obtained from the mid-coronal portion of caries-free human 3rd molars. They were randomly assigned to five experimental groups (n = 50). Group 1-control group (No experimental materials placed); Group 2-MTA; Group 3-MTA with 10% white tea extract (WMTA); Group 4-BD; and Group 5-BD with 10% white tea extract (WBD). All experimental materials were mixed and then spread onto the prepared dentin beams. Each group was further divided into five subgroups with each 10 samples according to aging periods of 24 h, 1, 3, 6 months, and 1 year as A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. The dentin beams were placed in contact with a set calcium silicate cement block in silicone molds, with only one side of each beam exposed to the cement at 37°C in a 100% relative humidity chamber. At each designated time period, the beams were copiously rinsed with deionized water and tested for flexural strength and collagen degradation using a universal testing machine and Fourier Transform-Raman spectrometer, respectively. Flexural strength results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc adjustment with Tukey’s test for pair-wise comparisons with P < 0.05.

Results:
Collagen degradation was more in Group 2, followed by 4, 3, and 5. All the groups showed a gradual reduction in flexural strength over 1 year. Group 2 showed the highest reduction in flexural strength over 1 year. Group 5 showed the least reduction in flexural strength.

Conclusion:
BD and white tea-incorporated BD showed less collagen degradation and better flexural strength than MTA and white tea-incorporated MTA, respectively.
Polymicrobial biofilm disinfection in maxillary and mandibular molars with varying access designs: A microbiological study
Authors: Ahuja Rohit , Nikhil Vineeta , Pandey Anita , Chaturvedi Priyanka 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the effect of access cavity designs on the polymicrobial biofilm disinfection of root canal system.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty molar teeth were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 30) on the basis of access cavity design: traditional access cavity (TEC), contracted access cavity (CAC), truss access cavity (TAC), and caries-driven access cavity (CDAC). After access preparation, the samples were contaminated for 2 weeks to grow polymicrobial mature biofilm. Microbial sampling from the root canals was performed with sterile paper points before and after instrumentation to determine the bacterial load. The bacterial reduction was counted as CFU/ml and analyzed statistically.

Results:
Both maxillary and mandibular molars with different cavity designs showed significant decreased in the number of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans postinstrumentation. TEC group showed significantly higher microbial reduction for all tested microorganisms than TAC and CDAC groups (P < 0.05). However, insignificant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between TEC and CAC and TAC and CDAC.

Conclusion:
In both maxillary and mandibular molars, complete elimination of microbes (E. faecalis, C. albicans, and S. aureus) could not be achieved with any access cavity design. Highest microbial reduction was achieved with TEC and lowest in CDAC. Both TEC and CAC resulted in equal microbial reduction and were superior to TAC and CDAC.
ChatGPT in Diabetes Care: An Overview of the Evolution and Potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence Model Like ChatGPT in Augmenting Clinical and Patient Outcomes in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Dey Amit Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has brought a new era in health care, offering innovative solutions for various medical disciplines, including diabetes care. This viewpoint article aimed to elucidate the transformative potential of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a large language model (LLM), in augmenting diabetes care. We traverse through the historical evolution of AI, delineating its trajectory from conceptual origins to contemporary advancements. Central to our discussion is the exploration of ChatGPT’s capabilities in fostering enhanced patient engagement, personalized medical guidance, and streamlined health-care workflows. Through a comprehensive review, we underscore ChatGPT as a pivotal technology, focused to revolutionize traditional paradigms in diabetes management and patient care.
A scoping review on chordee correction in boys with ventral congenital penile curvature and hypospadias
Authors: Yadav Priyank , Bobrowski Adam , Ahmad Ihtisham , Kim Jin Kyu , Chancy Margarita , Alshammari Dheidan , Rickard Mandy , Lorenzo Armando J. , Bagli Darius , Chua Michael E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Congenital penile curvature (PC), often concomitant with hypospadias, poses challenges in urology. Surgical correction techniques, including plication and corporotomy, lack standardized guidelines. This study aims to address the paucity of high-level evidence by comprehensively reviewing the outcomes of PC correction procedures in patients with and without hypospadias. This will inform clinical decision-making and provide insights for future research and meta-analyses.

Methods:
We conducted this scoping review in accordance with the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. An extensive literature search was performed and comparative studies published in English up to June 2023 were included. The studies were divided into three categories: PC without hypospadias, PC with hypospadias, and studies comparing two or more materials for covering the ventral corporotomy. Data extraction comprised author details, patient characteristics, study design, interventions, outcomes, and complications. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results:
Forty-two studies were included in the review, which collectively comprised 3180 patients. Thirteen comparative studies reported the outcomes of surgery for congenital PC without hypospadias, 22 studies compared different techniques of PC correction in patients with hypospadias and 7 studies compared the type of materials for coverage following ventral corporotomy. In cases of PC without hypospadias, the most commonly reported surgery was the Nesbit’s plication. For PC with hypospadias correction, the results of ventral corporotomy were superior to that of dorsal plication in most of the studies. The two-stage repair had better results when compared to the one-stage repair for patients with perineo-scrotal hypospadias. In studies comparing materials for coverage of ventral corporotomy, the tunica vaginalis flap or graft was utilized most commonly. The majority of the studies reported a success rate ranging from 85% to 100%. The methodological quality was high in all but four studies.

Conclusion:
Plication procedures are generally preferred for PC without hypospadias, but they result in penile shortening. For those with hypospadias, corporotomy is associated with superior outcomes than plication, especially for those with severe curvature and redo procedures. For ventral corporotomy coverage, the tunica vaginalis flap or graft is the most commonly reported tissue in the literature.
A single-stage dorsal inlay buccal mucosal graft placement through subcoronal vertical sagittal ventral urethrotomy without glansplasty for reconstruction of meatal stenosis, fossa navicularis, and distal penile urethral stricture: Our initial experience
Authors: Srivastava Swadeep Kumar , Sarkar Debansu , Pal Dilip Kumar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Reconstruction of fossa navicularis stricture (FNS) poses a challenge in providing acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes. We describe our novel surgical technique and its short-term results.

Methods:
This urethroplasty technique is a single-stage dorsal inlay buccal mucosal graft placement with subcoronal vertical sagittal ventral urethrotomy without glansplasty. Twenty-one operated patients were followed up at 2 months and 6 months postoperatively. We studied the functional outcome of the International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life (QoL) score, maximum flow rate, postvoid residual (PVR) urine, and reconstructed urethral luminal caliber. Sexual function was studied via a brief male sexual function inventory. Hypospadias objective score evaluation (HOSE) was used to assess the cosmesis. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the global response assessment score (GRA).

Results:
FNS is seen commonly associated with lichen sclerosus (n = 12). Nine patients had stricture that extended into the distal penile urethra. The mean stricture length was 2.76 cm. At the end of the study, a significant improvement in mean IPPS (18.81), mean QoL score (2.25), mean Qmax (20.94 mL/s), mean PVR (103.05 mL), and mean urethral caliber (16.06 Fr) were noted. No difference in sexual drive and erectile function but significant improvement in ejaculation was noted. All patients had single-stream urine, reconstructed urethral caliber ≥16Fr, HOSE ≥14, and GRA ≥2 at 6 months. Except for two patients, all had vertical slit-like meatus.

Conclusion:
This technique is feasible, with good cosmetic, functional, and subjective outcomes with marked patient’ satisfaction.
Urodynamic assessment of detrusor function in the very acute phase of traumatic spinal cord injury: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Vasudeva Pawan , Kumar Vinod , Yadav Siddharth , Prasad Vishnu , Kumar Niraj , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Amitabh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The bladder is believed to be acontractile due to the phase of spinal shock and there is a lack of data on the detrusor function within the first few days after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study intended to assess the detrusor function with invasive urodynamics (UDS) during the first 15 days of SCI.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was carried out from January 2020 to June 2021 and consecutive stable patients older than 18 years of age who had a history of traumatic SCI within the past 15 days were screened for inclusion. For each patient, the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI Worksheet was filled. All patients underwent bedside invasive UDS within 15 days of injury.

Results:
There were a total of 41 patients with a mean age of 35 years. The thoracic cord was most commonly involved (46.3%) with Type A AISA grade being the most common (68.2%). The mean duration of injury at the time of UDS was 6 days. Abnormality in the filling phase could be identified in six patients. Three patients had neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), with one having a high-pressure phasic NDO and one having a sustained NDO. Two patients had poor compliance and one had borderline poor compliance. None of the patients generated any detrusor pressure during voiding cystometry.

Conclusions:
In patients with SCI, 14.5% of the patients had abnormal findings during the filling phase on the UDS performed within 15 days of the injury. These findings are in stark contrast to the traditional understanding that the detrusor is acontractile during the early phase of the SCI and merit further evaluation.
Sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea among male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: A prospective observational study
Authors: Mittal Ankur , Singh Gurpremjit , Ghorai Rudra Prasad , Panwar Vikas Kumar , Sharma Gaurav Saurabh , Gupta Ravi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Apart from nocturia, few reports have been published on the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sleep disturbances in patients visiting urology outpatient clinics. This study assessed the association between our population’s LUTS and sleep disturbances.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study. A total of 123 male patients with a history of LUTS aged more than 40 years were recruited from urology outpatient clinic. International Prostate Symptom Score was utilized to assess LUTS. To determine the quality of sleep, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. Berlin questionnaire (BQ) was used for screening obstructive sleep apnea.

Results:
A total of 123 participants were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the participants was 61 ± 11.1 years. Nocturia >3 episodes were significantly more in patients with PSQI >5 (P < 0.05). There was a greater prevalence of severe LUTS in patients with PSQI >5 (P < 0.05). The association between LUTS and BQ score showed an increased prevalence of severe symptoms in patients with high BQ. Patients with PSQI >5 had more severe LUTS (53% of patients) compared to patients with PSQI ≤5 (5% of patients) (P = 0.000). Patients with PSQI >5 had overall poorer quality of life (QOL) scores, with QOL being 5 and 6 in 18% and 4.8% of the patients, respectively.

Conclusions:
There is a significant association between the prevalence of nocturia, moderate-to-severe LUTS, and the existence of sleep disorders. Therefore, screening for sleep disturbances may be performed on male patients who present with LUTS.