bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with COVID‐19 and neurological symptoms
Authors: Taxiarchis Apostolos , Bellander Bo‐Michael , Antovic Jovan , Soutari Nida , Virhammar Johan , Kumlien Eva , Karakoyun Can , Rostami Elham , Antovic Aleksandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionIncreased levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are associated with haemostatic disturbances in various clinical settings. However, their role in COVID‐19 patients is still not fully clear. In the present study we investigated EVs in plasma from patients with COVID‐19 and neurological symptoms in relation to the activation of coagulation.MethodsNineteen COVID‐19 patients with neurological symptoms and twenty‐three aged‐matched healthy individuals were included. Global coagulation assays were performed and levels of EVs were determined by flow‐cytometry in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).ResultsA procoagulant state characterized by significantly increased overall coagulation‐ (OCP) and overall haemostatic potential (OHP), diminished overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP) together with a denser fibrin structure was found in patients with COVID‐19. Flow cytometry revealed elevated levels of plasma circulating EVs derived from neutrophils (MPO+) and platelets (CD61+), as well as EVs expressing phosphatidylserine (PS+) and complement component C5b‐9 (TCC+) in patients with COVID‐19 compared with controls. The concentrations of PS+, CD61+ and TCC+ EVs were positively correlated with OCP and OHP in COVID‐19 patients. Moreover, we identified CD61+, MPO+ and endothelial cell‐derived EVs, as well as EVs exposing PS and TCC in the CSF of patients suffering from neurological symptoms during COVID‐19.ConclusionThe unique finding in this study was the presence of EVs in the CSF of COVID‐19 patients with neurologic manifestations as well as higher expression of complement protein on circulating plasma EVs. EVs may indicate blood–brain barrier damage during SARS‐COV‐2 infection.
Different Group A Streptococcus pili lead to varying proinflammatory cytokine responses and virulence
Authors: Takahashi Risa , J‐Khemlani Adrina Hema , Loh Jacelyn Mei San , Radcliff Fiona Jane , Proft Thomas , Tsai Catherine Jia‐Yun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Streptococcus (GAS), is associated with a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections to invasive diseases and immune sequelae such as rheumatic heart disease. We have recently reported that one of the virulence factors of this pathogen, the pilus, has inflammatory properties and strongly stimulates the innate immune system. Here we used a range of nonpathogenic Lactococcus lactis gain‐of‐function mutants, each expressing one of the major pilus types of GAS, to compare the immune responses generated by various types of fully assembled pili. In vitro assays indicated variability in the inflammatory response induced by different pili, with the fibronectin‐binding, collagen‐binding, T antigen (FCT)‐1‐type pilus from GAS serotype M6/T6 inducing significantly stronger cytokine secretion than other pili. Furthermore, we established that the same trend of pili‐mediated immune response could be modeled in Galleria mellonella larvae, which possess a similar innate immune system to vertebrates. Counterintuitively, across the panel of pili types examined in this study, we observed a negative correlation between the intensity of the immune response demonstrated in our experiments and the disease severity observed clinically in the GAS strains associated with each pilus type. This observation suggests that pili‐mediated inflammation is more likely to promote bacterial clearance instead of causing disruptive damages that intensify pathogenesis. This also indicates that pili may not be the main contributor to the inflammatory symptoms seen in GAS diseases. Rather, the immune‐potentiating properties of the pilus components could potentially be exploited as a vaccine adjuvant.
What accounts for turnover intention in the Australian public mental health workforce?
Authors: Haywood Darren , Crocker Kaitlyn M. , Gnatt Inge , Jenkins Zoe , Bhat Ravi , Lalitha Anoop Raveendran Nair , Butterfield Ingrid , Castle David J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh staff turnover is common within the Australian public mental health workforce, contributing to workforce shortages and ultimately impacting the ability to provide stable efficient, effective, and ongoing optimal care to the community. In this study, we aimed to (a) establish the most pertinent factors associated with increased turnover intention in the public mental health workforce in Australia, and (b) establish whether such factors differ between metropolitan and rural services. We used a cross‐sectional, correlational design using an online survey method. In total, 235 mental health service staff of various disciplines and levels, from four public hospitals in Victoria, Australia participated in the study. We used three feed‐forward multiple regression analyses to assess the study aims. We found that job satisfaction, occupational burnout, and understaffing may be the most pertinent factors to consider regarding turnover intention. Job satisfaction and occupational burnout were factors endorsed across the entire sample, as well as specifically within both the metropolitan and rural services, while understaffing was a pertinent factor regarding turnover intention across the entire sample and for rural services, but not metropolitan services. Our findings regarding the pertinence of job satisfaction, occupational burnout, and understaffing in turnover intention provide key information that may be used to inform interventional targets aimed at reducing attrition from the public mental health workforce in Australia.
RETRACTED: Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on diabetic foot ulcers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Imam Mohamed S. , Almutairi Ahmed Khalid , Alhajri Abdullah Mutrik , Alharby Mishary Mosleh , Alanazi Mohammed H. , Alotaibi Ahmad G. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe meta‐analysis aimed to assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on diabetic foot ulcers. Using dichotomous or contentious random or fixed effect models, the outcomes of this meta‐analysis were examined and the odds ratio (OR) and the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. 17 examinations from 1992 to 2022 were enrolled for the present meta‐analysis, including 7219 people with diabetic foot ulcers. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment had a significantly higher healed ulcer (OR, 14.39; 95% CI, 4.02–51.52, p < 0.001), higher adverse event (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.11–4.11, p = 0.02), lower mortality (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07–0.71, p = 0.01) and higher ulcer area reduction (MD, 23.39; 95% CI, 11.79–34.99, p < 0.001) compared to standard treatment in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. However, hyperbaric oxygen treatment and standard treatment had no significant difference in amputation (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.22–1.75, p = 0.37), major amputation (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.18–1.92, p = 0.38), minor amputation (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.15–2.66, p = 0.54) and healing time (MD, −0.001; 95% CI, −0.76 to 0.75, p = 0.99) in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The examined data revealed that hyperbaric oxygen treatment had a significantly higher healed ulcer, adverse event, and ulcer area reduction and lower mortality, however, there was no significant difference in amputation and healing time compared to standard treatment in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Yet, attention should be paid to its values since most of the selected examinations had a low sample size and some of the comparisons had a low number of selected studies.
Transition to adulthood of adolescents with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: Content validation of the SGU‐PIMD to support families
Authors: Luitwieler Nicole , Luijkx Jorien , van der Stege Heleen A. , Grootoonk Anneke , van der Schans Cees P. , van der Putten Annette A. J. , Waninge Aly 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor families with adolescent children, the transition to adulthood is usually challenging. This period may be extra demanding for families with a child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities due to the child's strong and persistent support needs. To support these families during this phase and to facilitate the transition process of these adolescents, we adapted the Canadian skills for growing up (SGU) into the skills for growing up‐profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (SGU‐PIMD). The aim of this study is to determine its content validity.MethodA Delphi study with family members and healthcare professionals was conducted.ResultsResults showed good content validity. However, the Delphi panel suggested minor adjustments to improve relevance, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness.ConclusionsThe current SGU‐PIMD can be used in practice for supporting adolescents with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. However, there are also recommendations for research into the feasibility and acceptability of the instrument.
Do exchange traded funds affect corporate cash holdings?
Authors: Lin Beiqi , Mei Shunji , Tan Kelvin Jui Keng , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examine the effects of equity ownership by exchange traded funds (ETFs) on corporate cash holdings. We find that firms increase their cash holdings in response to higher anticipated risks generated by ETFs. To establish a causal interpretation, we use the Russell 1000/2000 index reconstitution as an instrument for ETF ownership. We further show that shareholders place a higher value on the additional cash held by firms with higher ETF ownership. These findings are more pronounced among financially constrained firms. Overall, our results suggest that firms hold more precautionary cash to mitigate future funding needs due to higher ETF‐induced risks.
European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Kos‐Kudła Beata , Castaño Justo P. , Denecke Timm , Grande Enrique , Kjaer Andreas , Koumarianou Anna , de Mestier Louis , Partelli Stefano , Perren Aurel , Stättner Stefan , Valle Juan W. , Fazio Nicola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis ENETS guidance paper for well‐differentiated nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF‐Pan‐NET) has been developed by a multidisciplinary working group, and provides up‐to‐date and practical advice on the management of these tumours. Using the extensive experience of centres treating patients with NF‐Pan‐NEN, the authors of this guidance paper discuss 10 troublesome questions in everyday clinical practice. Our many years of experience in this field are still being verified in the light of the results of new clinical, which set new ways of proceeding in NEN. The treatment of NF‐Pan‐NEN still requires a decision of a multidisciplinary team of specialists in the field of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Lateral gene transfer generates accessory genes that accumulate at different rates within a grass lineage
Authors: Raimondeau Pauline , Bianconi Matheus E. , Pereira Lara , Parisod Christian , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Dunning Luke T. 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of DNA between organisms without sexual reproduction. The acquired genes represent genetic novelties that have independently evolved in the donor's genome. Phylogenetic methods have shown that LGT is widespread across the entire grass family, although we know little about the underlying dynamics.

We identify laterally acquired genes in five de novo reference genomes from the same grass genus (four Alloteropsis semialata and one Alloteropsis angusta). Using additional resequencing data for a further 40 Alloteropsis individuals, we place the acquisition of each gene onto a phylogeny using stochastic character mapping, and then infer rates of gains and losses.

We detect 168 laterally acquired genes in the five reference genomes (32–100 per genome). Exponential decay models indicate that the rate of LGT acquisitions (6–28 per Ma) and subsequent losses (11–24% per Ma) varied significantly among lineages. Laterally acquired genes were lost at a higher rate than vertically inherited loci (0.02–0.8% per Ma).

This high turnover creates intraspecific gene content variation, with a preponderance of them occurring as accessory genes in the Alloteropsis pangenome. This rapid turnover generates standing variation that can ultimately fuel local adaptation.
The GRAS protein OsDLA involves in brassinosteroid signalling and positively regulates blast resistance by forming a module with GSK2 and OsWRKY53 in rice
Authors: Meng Fanwei , Zheng Xunmei , Wang Jia , Qiu Tiancheng , Yang Qingya , Fang Kexing , Bhadauria Vijai , Peng You‐Liang , Zhao Wensheng 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBrassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in shaping the architecture of rice (Oryza sativa) plants. However, the regulatory mechanism of BR signalling in rice immunity remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a rice mutant dla, which exhibits decreased leaf angles and is insensitive to 24‐epiBL (a highly active synthetic BR), resembling the BR‐deficient phenotype. The dla mutation caused by a T‐DNA insertion in the OsDLA gene leads to downregulation of the causative gene. The OsDLA knockout plants display reduced leaf angles and less sensitivity to 24‐epiBL. In addition, both dla mutant and OsDLA knockout plants are more susceptible to rice blast compared to the wild type. OsDLA is a GRAS transcription factor and interacts with the BR signalling core negative regulator, GSK2. GSK2 phosphorylates OsDLA for degradation via the 26S proteasome. The GSK2 RNAi line exhibits enhanced rice blast resistance, while the overexpression lines thereof show susceptibility to rice blast. Furthermore, we show that OsDLA interacts with and stabilizes the WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY53, which has been demonstrated to positively regulate BR signalling and blast resistance. OsWRKY53 directly binds the promoter of PBZ1 and activates its expression, and this activation can be enhanced by OsDLA. Together, our findings unravel a novel mechanism whereby the GSK2‐OsDLA‐OsWRKY53 module coordinates blast resistance and plant architecture via BR signalling in rice.
Clinical application of 675 nm laser therapy for dorsal hand skin hyperpigmentation
Authors: Alter Ido , Fusco Irene , Madeddu Francesca , Zingoni Tiziano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive skin rejuvenation treatment is growing in recognition to aesthetic medicine.AimThe objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and the safety of the 675‐nm laser source treatment of photodamaged hands.Materials and methodsThe study included 21 patients (6 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 63 (± 9) years. Patients were treated with —two to three sessions of the 675‐nm laser with a 1‐month interval between sessions. Photos of each patient were collected at baseline, and 3 months after the last laser session. The 5‐point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was recorded with their final assessment session (3 months).ResultsThe total GAIS scores showed satisfactory results: 15 patients (71%) experienced 4 score (excellent improvement) changes and 6 patients (29%) experienced 3 score (good improvement) changes. Clinical images showed good efficacy and visible aesthetic results for the management of photodamaged skin. No serious adverse effects were recorded.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of for the aesthetic improvement of skin pigmentation and texture for photodamaged hands.
Root numbers and parity phenomena
Authors: Kellock Lilybelle Cowland , Dokchitser Vladimir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe parity conjecture has a long and distinguished history. It gives a way of predicting the existence of points of infinite order on elliptic curves without having to construct them, and is responsible for a wide range of unexplained arithmetic phenomena. It is one of the main consequences of the Birch and Swinnerton‐Dyer conjecture and lets one calculate the parity of the rank of an elliptic curve using root numbers. In this handbook, we explain how to use local root numbers of elliptic curves to realise some of these phenomena, with an emphasis on explicit calculations. The text is aimed at a ‘user’ and, as such, we will not be concerned with the proofs of known cases of the parity conjecture, but instead, we will demonstrate the use of the theory by means of examples.
Deciphering the “Art” in Modeling and Simulation of the Knee Joint: Assessing Model Calibration Workflows and Outcomes
Authors: Andreassen Thor E. , Laz Peter J. , Erdemir Ahmet , Besier Thor F. , Halloran Jason P. , Imhauser Carl W. , Chokhandre Snehal , Schwartz Ariel , Nohouji Neda Abdollahi , Rooks Nynke B. , Schneider Marco T. Y. , Elmasry Shady , Zaylor William , Hume Donald R. , Shelburne Kevin B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Model reproducibility is a point of emphasis for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and in science, broadly. As the use of computational modeling in biomechanics and orthopedics grows, so does the need to assess the reproducibility of modeling workflows and simulation predictions. The long-term goal of the KneeHub project is to understand the influence of potentially subjective decisions, thus the modeler's “art”, on the reproducibility and predictive uncertainty of computational knee joint models. In this paper, we report on the model calibration phase of this project, during which five teams calibrated computational knee joint models of the same specimens from the same specimen-specific joint mechanics dataset. We investigated model calibration approaches and decisions, and compared calibration workflows and model outcomes among the teams. The selection of the calibration targets used in the calibration workflow differed greatly between the teams and was influenced by modeling decisions related to the representation of structures, and considerations for computational cost and implementation of optimization. While calibration improved model performance, differences in the postcalibration ligament properties and predicted kinematics were quantified and discussed in the context of modeling decisions. Even for teams with demonstrated expertise, model calibration is difficult to foresee and plan in detail, and the results of this study underscore the importance of identification and standardization of best practices for data sharing and calibration.
Membrane-enclosed
Pseudomonas
quinolone signal attenuates bacterial virulence by interfering with quorum sensing
Authors: Li Xia , Wang Gerun , Guo Quan , Cui Binbin , Wang Mingfang , Song Shihao , Yang Liang , Deng Yinyue 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-delivered
Pseudomonas
quinolone signal (PQS) plays a critical role in cell–cell communication in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. However, the functions and mechanisms of membrane-enclosed PQS in interspecies communication in microbial communities are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that PQS delivered by both OMVs from
P. aeruginosa
and liposome reduces the competitiveness of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
, which usually shares the same niche in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, by interfering with quorum sensing (QS) in
B. cenocepacia
through the LysR-type regulator ShvR. Intriguingly, we found that ShvR regulates the production of the QS signals cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF) and N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) by directly binding to the promoters of signal synthase-encoding genes. Perception of PQS influences the regulatory activity of ShvR and thus ultimately reduces QS signal production and virulence in
B. cenocepacia
. Our findings provide insights into the interspecies communication mediated by the membrane-enclosed QS signal among bacterial species residing in the same microbial community.

IMPORTANCE

Quorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell-to-cell communication mechanism. Previous studies showed that
Burkholderia cenocepacia
mainly employs cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF) and N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) QS systems to regulate biological functions and virulence. Here, we demonstrate that
Pseudomonas
quinolone signal (PQS) delivered by outer membrane vesicles from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
or liposome attenuates
B. cenocepacia
virulence by targeting the LysR-type regulator ShvR, which regulates the production of the QS signals BDSF and AHL in
B. cenocepaci
a. Our results not only suggest the important roles of membrane-enclosed PQS in interspecies and interkingdom communications but also provide a new perspective on the use of functional nanocarriers loaded with QS inhibitors for treating pathogen infections.
Exploration of the novel fluoroquinolones with high inhibitory effect against quinolone-resistant DNA gyrase of
Salmonella
Typhimurium
Authors: Toyting Jirachaya , Miura Nami , Utrarachkij Fuangfa , Tanomsridachchai Wimonrat , Belotindos Lawrence P. , Suwanthada Pondpan , Kapalamula Thoko Flav , Kongsoi Siriporn , Koide Kentaro , Kim Hyun , Thapa Jeewan , Nakajima Chie , Suzuki Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Quinolone-resistant nontyphoidal
Salmonella
, one of the prominent pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis, has become a public health concern globally. The World Health Organization has ranked fluoroquinolone-resistant
Salmonella
as a high-priority pathogen for researching and developing new antibiotics. WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 are relatively new synthetic fluoroquinolones with distinctive structures. WQ-3034 has 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl at R
1
, 3-hydroxyazetidinyl at R
7
, and the addition of chlorine atom at R
8
. WQ-3154 has a similar basic pharmacophore to WQ-3034 except for the modification at R
8
with a methyl group. In this study, the inhibitory effect and DNA cleavage effect against wild-type (WT) and mutant
Salmonella
Typhimurium DNA gyrases of WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 were examined along with WQ-3810 and ciprofloxacin by measuring the drug concentration that inhibits half of the enzyme activity (IC
50
) and the drug concentration that induces 25% of maximum DNA cleavage (CC
25
). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds was assessed against
Salmonella
Typhimurium and
Salmonella
Enteritidis. Among four compounds, WQ-3034 demonstrated the highest inhibitory effect against both WT and mutant
Salmonella
Typhimurium DNA gyrases with amino acid substitution at codon 83 and/or 87, while ciprofloxacin showed the lowest inhibitory effect. Remarkably, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 exhibited a significantly higher inhibitory effect than ciprofloxacin against
Salmonella
Typhimurium DNA gyrase with double amino acid substitution, Ser83Phe-Asp87Asn. Similarly, CC
25
of WQ-3034 against mutant
Salmonella
Typhimurium DNA gyrase was lower than ciprofloxacin. Notably, MICs of WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 were higher than ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, this study revealed that WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 could potentially be effective therapeutic agents against quinolone-resistant nontyphoidal
Salmonella
.

IMPORTANCE

Quinolone-resistant nontyphoidal
Salmonella
is a pressing public health concern, demanding the exploration of novel treatments. In this study, we focused on two innovative synthetic fluoroquinolones, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154. Our findings revealed that these new compounds demonstrate potent inhibitory effects, even against mutant strains that cause resistance to existing quinolones. Hence, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 could potentially be effective therapeutic agents against quinolone-resistant
Salmonella
Typhimurium. Furthermore, the data obtained in this study will be baseline information for antimicrobial drug development.