bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged screen time is associated with increased severity of tic symptoms in children with tic disorders
Authors: Mohamed Zakaria Ahmed , Dong Hanyu , Xue Yang , Bai Miaoshui , Ouyang Yuling , Jia Feiyong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have emphasized the association between prolonged screen exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders, though its correlation with tic disorders (TDs) remains ambiguous. We thus conducted this study to investigate the association between screen time (ST) and the severity of tic symptoms in children diagnosed with TDs.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective case-control study with 342 cases of TDs and 270 controls, collecting data from March 2021 to December 2023. The main exposure variable was daily ST for each child, and tic severity, evaluated using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), was the outcome variable. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis to examine the relationship between screen time and tic severity, and multivariate regression analysis to evaluate the predictive power of screen time for tic symptoms.

Results
Our findings revealed that children with TDs had significantly longer ST compared to the control group, averaging 116.06 ± 147.9 min/day versus 43.23 ± 37.5 min/day, p < 0.001. We also noted a positive correlation between ST and TDs( r = 0.461, p < 0.01). Daily ST was a significant predictor of overall YGTSS scores (t = 9.58, p < 0.001), suggesting that increased ST is associated with heightened tic symptoms. However, age of first exposure to screens was not significantly correlated with tic severity (p > 0.05). Though we observed a negative correlation between ST and vitamin D levels, the results were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Children with TDs had longer ST compared to their control’s counterparts, and prolonged ST was significantly associated with heightened tic severity, which highlights the critical need for careful monitoring and regulation of screen time in children with TDs.
No easy way out: towards a framework concept of long-term governance
Authors: Scheer Dirk , Venghaus Sandra , Sardo Stefania , Stark Sascha , Kuppler Sophie , Schmidt Michael W. , Hoyer-Klick Carsten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Problems such as climate change, environmental pollution, nuclear disposal and unsustainable production and consumption share a common feature: they pose long-term challenges because of their complex nature, potentially severe consequences, and the demanding problem-solving paths. These challenges may have long-lasting impacts on both present and future generations and, therefore, require to be addressed through a long-term governance perspective, i.e., coherent and consistent policy-making across sectors, institutions, and temporal scales. Dealing with these challenges is a core task of policy-making in modern societies, which requires problem-solving skills and capabilities. In this context, we identify long-term governance traces in the literature, illustrate the case of energy transition towards renewable energy systems as a long-term governance case, and elaborate on the scope and definition of long-term governance and its research.

Main text
We elaborate an analytical framework for long-term governance (LTG), based on five building blocks: the ‘environment’, which details the policy-making arena; the ‘policy issues’, which elaborates on the problems to be dealt with by LTG; the ‘key challenges and driving force’, revealing LTG mechanisms; the ‘key strategies’, in which promising approaches for LTG are identified; and the ‘policy cycle’, where governance impacts on different policy phases are discussed. In essence, we understand long-term governance at its core as a reflexive policy-making process to address significant enduring and persistent problems within a strategy-based decision-making arena to best prepare for, navigate through, and experiment with a changing environment.

Conclusions
The framework does not describe specific processes or individual cases in detail. Instead, it should be understood as an illustration of long-term governance characteristics at a more general level. Such a framework may help to structure the field of long-term policy-making, guide future research on conceptual, comparative, and empirical in-depth studies, and may provide orientation and action knowledge for making our governance system sustainable. Stimulating and broadening research on long-term issues seems indispensable, given the existence of several ‘grand challenges’ that require successful long-term governance.
Research motivation as a mediating variable between system intelligence, academic grit, and academic achievement among postgraduate students, faculty of education, Zagazig University
Authors: Hamdy Helal Marwa , Abohashem Hassan ElSayed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Recent years have witnessed a revolutionary transformation in information technology, characterized by the proliferation of electronic information platforms, with the Egyptian Knowledge Bank being a notable example. Understanding how to effectively navigate these complex systems requires investigation into key factors, particularly system intelligence.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the mediating role of research motivation in the relationship between system intelligence, Academic Grit, and Academic Achievement.

Method
Using a correlational design, the study surveyed 600 post-graduate students aged 25–55 years (M = 33.22, SD = 8.09) through online snowball sampling. Data were collected using the Research Motivation Scale, System Intelligence Scale, Academic Grit Scale, and Grade Point Average (GPA). Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM Amos, Spss 23.

Results
Path analysis revealed that system intelligence had an indirect effect on Academic Grit through research motivation. Additionally, direct effects were observed from system intelligence to research motivation, system intelligence to Academic Grit, and Academic Grit to Academic Achievement.

Conclusions
This study highlights research motivation as a crucial mediator in the relationship between system intelligence, academic grit, and academic achievement. The findings suggest potential interventions to enhance academic achievement by fostering system intelligence and academic grit through the development of research motivation.
Noninvasive in vivo imaging of macrophages: understanding tumor microenvironments and delivery of therapeutics
Authors: Gangadaran Prakash , Onkar Akanksha , Rajendran Ramya Lakshmi , Goenka Anshika , Oh Ji Min , Khan Fatima , Nagarajan ArulJothi Kandasamy , Muthu Sathish , Krishnan Anand , Hong Chae Moon , Ahn Byeong-Cheol 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Macrophages are pivotal in the body’s defense and response to inflammation. They are present in significant numbers and are widely implicated in various diseases, including cancer. While molecular and histological techniques have advanced our understanding of macrophage biology, their precise function within the cancerous microenvironments remains underexplored. Enhancing our knowledge of macrophages and the dynamics of their extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer development can potentially improve therapeutic management. Notably, macrophages have also been harnessed to deliver drugs. Noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging of macrophages is crucial for investigating intricate cellular processes, comprehending the underlying mechanisms of diseases, tracking cells and EVs’ migration, and devising macrophage-dependent drug-delivery systems in living organisms. Thus, in vivo imaging of macrophages has become an indispensable tool in biomedical research. The integration of multimodal imaging approaches and the continued development of novel contrast agents hold promise for overcoming current limitations and expanding the applications of macrophage imaging. This study comprehensively reviews several methods for labeling macrophages and various imaging modalities, assessing the merits and drawbacks of each approach. The review concludes by offering insights into the applicability of molecular imaging techniques for real time monitoring of macrophages in preclinical and clinical scenarios.
Assessing water status in rice plants in water-deficient environments using thermal imaging
Authors: Yang Chin-Ying , Zhang Yan-Ci , Hou Ya-Ling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Rice is a staple food for the global population. However, extreme weather events threaten the stability of the water supply for agriculture, posing a critical challenge to the stability of the food supply. The use of technology to assess the water status of rice plants enables the precise management of agricultural water resources.

Results
The results of this study reveal that rice-producing regions with more severe drought have higher ion leakage rates, lower Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meter values, and reduced total chlorophyll content in plants. Although no significant differences were observed in red-green-blue (RGB) images, physiological parameters and canopy temperature differed significantly from conventional farming when infrared thermography was used to capture rice plants in the early stages of drought. The Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI), calculated from canopy temperature and atmospheric temperature, indicated a high correlation between access to water for rice plants and their physiological parameters. Regression analysis using CWSI and plant water status yielded a corrected coefficient of determination of 0.86.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrate that infrared thermography can effectively detect early signs of water stress in rice, aiding farmers in irrigation planning and enabling precise management and optimal utilization of water resources.
Count-rate management in 131I SPECT/CT calibration
Authors: Svärd Staffan Jacobsson , Hindorf Cecilia , Nilsson Joachim N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
System calibration is essential for accurate SPECT/CT dosimetry. However, count losses due to dead time and pulse pileup may cause calibration errors, in particular for 131I, where high count rates may be encountered. Calibration at low count rates should also be avoided to minimise detrimental effects from e.g. background counts and statistical fluctuations. This paper aims to present experimental data illustrating count-rate dependencies and to propose practical routines to mitigate errors in the 131I calibration procedure without needing advanced analysis tools.

Results
The sensitivities of two General Electric (GE) Discovery 670 Pro systems were assessed using two Jaszczak phantom geometries. SPECT/CT data were collected over two months, starting with an initial 131I content of > 2 GBq, decaying to approximately 20 MBq. This allowed for a detailed analysis of count losses due to dead time and pulse pileup. From the sensitivity analysis, it was shown that robust calibration was obtained for 131I phantom activities ranging between 250 and 1500 MBq.

Conclusions
The results show that adequate corrections for dead-time and pulse-pileup counting losses are essential for accurate calibration. It is argued that loss corrections should be based on total spectrum count rates in projections and not only on the 364.5 keV energy window data. The measurement campaigns presented in this paper, using basic tools and equipment, may serve as a model for establishing routines for count-loss corrections as well as for system calibration and regular control of system sensitivity. The data suggest that analysis of source and count concentration in a homogeneous Jaszczak phantom offers robust calibration, whereas analysis of source strength and counts in a delineated phantom insert offers a practical and robust method for regular quality control.
Carbon monoxide-oxidising Pseudomonadota on volcanic deposits
Authors: Dawson Robin A. , Fantom Nicola , Martin-Pozas Tamara , Aguila Patricia , King Gary M. , Hernández Marcela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) oxidising microorganisms are present in volcanic deposits throughout succession, with levels of vegetation and soil influencing the communities present. Carboxydovores are a subset of CO oxidisers that use CO as an energy source, which raises questions about the physiological and metabolic features that make them more competitive in harsh volcanic ecosystems. To address these questions, samples were taken from volcanic strata formed by eruptions from Calbuco Volcano (Chile) in 2015 (tephra) and 1917 (soil). Two carboxydovore members of the Burkholderiaceae family were isolated for further study to elucidate the benefits of carboxydovory for the survival of these strains in extreme volcanic ecosystems. The isolates were identified as Paraburkholderia terrae COX (isolated from the 2015 tephra) and Cupriavidus str. CV2 (isolated from the 1917 soil). 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that within the family Burkholderiacea, the genus Paraburkholderia dominated the 2015 volcanic deposit with an average relative abundance of 73.81%, whereas in the 1917 volcanic deposit, Cupriavidus accounted for 33.64% (average relative abundance). Both strains oxidise CO across a broad range of concentrations (< 100 ppmv – 10,000 ppmv), and genome sequence analysis revealed a candidate form-I carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), which is likely to catalyse this process. Each strain oxidised CO specifically at stationary phase but the conditions for induction of CODH expression were distinct. Cupriavidus strain CV2 expressed CODH only when CO was added to cultures (100 ppm), while Pb. terrae COX expressed CODH regardless of supplementary CO addition. Based on comparative metabolic and phylogenetic analyses, Cupriavidus strain CV2 is proposed as a novel species within the genus Cupriavidus with the name Cupriavidus ulmosensis sp. nov. for the type strain CV2T (= NCIMB 15506 T, = CECT 30956 T). This study provides valuable insights into the physiology and metabolism of carboxydovores which colonise volcanic ecosystems.
An association study of polymorphisms in the P2RX7 gene in an Iranian population with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Noori Homa , Rajabian Majid , Majidpour Mahdi , Sabeti Akbar-Abad Mahboobeh , Saravani Ramin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed a broad etiology that both environmental and genetic factors play a role in its predisposition. Purinergic receptors have been hypothesized to be included in the pathogenicity of T2DM. The current study evaluated the association of two variants through the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7) gene with the incidence of T2DM in the population of Iran.

Materials and methods
We study includes 600 subjects as case and healthy groups clinically diagnosed with T2DM by clinicians referred to the diabetic clinic of Bu-Ali Hospital, Zahedan. DNA extraction followed by tetra amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR) as a genotyping method.

Results
Regarding rs1718119, the codominant heterozygous (TC vs. TT), Dominant (TC + CC vs. TT), Over dominant (TC vs. TT + CC) and Allelic (C vs. T) inheritance models increased T2DM risk by 2.81, 2.94, 1.62, and 2.20 folds, respectively. Similarly, in the variant rs17525809 in the same models, the analysis showed that increased T2DM risk by 3.31, 2.56, 3.25, and 2.02 folds, respectively. Based on haplotype analysis, Crs1718119Crs17525809, Crs1718119Trs17525809 and Trs1718119Crs17525809 haplotypes significantly enhance T2DM risk by 3.97, 1.36 and 1.82 folds, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction analysis indicated that TCrs1718119/TCrs17525809, TCrs1718119/TTrs17525809 and TTrs1718119/TCrs17525809 genotype combinations strongly correlated with high T2DM risks by 7.80, 1.75 and 2.92 folds, respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that both rs1718119T > C and rs17525809T > C increased the risk of T2DM in the Iranian population.

Graphical abstract
Characterization of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with conformational epitopes against porcine deltacoronavirus
Authors: Lu Wan , Cao Hongtao , Yang Yongle , Sun Yangyang , Yang Dong , Gerber Priscilla F. , Li Xiangdong , Huang Yaowei , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a globally distributed swine enteropathogenic virus that emerged in the last decade. A recent report of PDCoV infection in Haitian children also highlights potential public health implications. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 1C2 and 5H5, were generated and showed high specificity for the PDCoV S protein. Both mAbs displayed high-titer neutralizing capabilities, suggesting their potential for passive immunotherapy. Epitope mapping revealed that the mAbs likely recognized conformational epitopes in the S1 subunit domains A and B of the native S protein, thereby blocking the interaction between the S1 receptor-binding domain and the cellular receptor, which could inhibit viral entry into host cells. This study offers new biological tools for PDCoV detection and lays the groundwork for the future development of porcine-specific antibodies for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV in piglets.
Enterprise risk management manufacturing industry quality determinants
Authors: Dhewi Ratna Marta , Martunus Hendrian , Hidayah Nurul , Setiany Erna 
Published: January 2025

Goal: Large manufacturing companies face significant risks due to importing raw materials and exposure to fluctuating exchange rates. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is vital in this sector to manage its distinctive risks. This study finds ERM factors in Indonesia and Malaysia that affect company value and empirically evaluates risk management in their organizations.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The factors that influence the quality of a company's ERM examined in this study include auditor quality, ownership concentration, board monitoring, gender on the board of commissioners, gender on the board of directors, and human capital. This study's population is 2018-2020; 300 Indonesian and 252 Malaysian manufacturing companies contributed 552 research observations.
Results: This study shows that a qualified auditor, board monitoring, gender ratio on the board of commissioners, and human capital may uncover ERM implementation issues. On the other hand, higher share ownership does not affect ERM. Implications for practitioners and suggestions for future researchers are also described.
Limitations of investigation: The crucial role of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in mitigating these unique industry risks, this study underscores the limitations inherent in factors such as auditor quality, ownership concentration, board monitoring, and gender diversity within corporate leadership.
Practical implication: The necessity for manufacturing companies to prioritize specific aspects of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in their organizational strategies.
Originality / Value: This research illuminates the nuanced interplay of factors shaping Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) efficacy within the dynamic context of the manufacturing industry.
The concept of the ancient homeland of the Fenno-Ugric-speaking peoples in light of complex research
Authors: Vigh József 
Published: January 2025

Extended, completed review of the theses of the PhD dissertation completed under the supervision of László Klima and submitted to the Uralic Linguistics and Languages Programme, Doctoral School of Linguistics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, in 2023.
The dissertation’s primary objective was to investigate, applying an interdisciplinary approach, the prehistory and location of the ancient homeland of the Uralic-speaking peoples. This study was needed due to the decreasing tendency in research in Hungary on the Uralic prehistory compared to Finland. In the past three decades, some attempts have been made to integrate new results, but the old theory of the Uralic homeland being in Western Siberia could not be challenged. The research presented in the dissertation is based on reassessing previous results of linguistic palaeontology, archaeology, and archaeogenetics.
Des vides et des pleins
Authors: Seguedy Marie , Péan Stéphane , Patou-Mathis Marylène , Mester Zsolt 
Published: January 2025

Le Bassin des Carpates se situe dans la partie sud-est de l’Europe centrale et est centré principalement sur la Hongrie. Par sa position, il représente un possible carrefour migratoire pour les populations humaines préhistoriques entre l’Europe occidentale, orientale et les Balkans et est au cœur des enjeux de peuplement de la Préhistoire. Et pourtant, les dynamiques d’occupation au Pléistocène supérieur ne sont que partiellement connues. Nous faisons ici le point sur les données archéologiques disponibles pour le Paléolithique moyen et supérieur dans le bassin des Carpates entre 130 et 10 ka BP avec l’aide d’une base de données. Les biais qui participent à cacher, tronquer ou détruire des données sont décrits et les différents niveaux d’information disponibles sur les sites sont ordonnés à l’aide de filtres. L’étude montre que l’absence d’occupations en plaines ou à certaines périodes peut être expliquée en partie par des phénomènes géomorphologiques et par des biais de recherche. La chronologie est les industries du Paléolithique moyen et de la période de transition entre le Paléolithique moyen et supérieur sont encore mal définies. Les nouvelles recherches confirment dans plusieurs sites la présence tardive de Néandertal. Le nombre d’occupations aurignaciennes pourrait avoir été surestimé. En dehors des biais, le bassin semble bien avoir été déserté au Gravettien ancien, pour des raisons encore mal comprises, et à la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, ce qui pourrait être corrélé à la disparition de la mégafaune pléistocène. Enfin, à toute époque, les piémonts et étage collineux apparaissent comme des espaces privilégiés d’installation mais l’investissement des plaines s’observe avec certitude à deux occasions : à l’Aurignacien et à l’Epigravettien ancien, peut-être dû pour ce dernier aux conditions climatiques particulières du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire.
Evaluating constructive alignment: An analysis of learning outcomes, learning experiences, and assessment techniques at a public university
Authors: Munikwa Simbarashe 
Published: January 2025

This study examines the implementation of constructive alignment in academic programs at a public university in Zimbabwe, a critical approach aligning intended learning outcomes, teaching activities, and assessments to enhance student learning. Despite its proven benefits, limited research has explored its application in Zimbabwean higher education, leaving a gap in understanding its effectiveness and challenges within this context. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, the study analyzed 28 module outlines selected through random sampling and conducted structured interviews with 20 purposively selected respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. The findings show that constructive alignment facilitated more coherent and integrated learning experiences by enabling instructors to define learning outcomes and align teaching and assessments effectively, fostering deeper student understanding. However, challenges such as insufficient institutional support, limited professional development, and the need for continuous curriculum refinement were identified. The study highlights the importance of addressing these challenges to optimize constructive alignment’s benefits. Recommendations are provided for improving alignment strategies to enhance academic performance and student engagement. These findings contribute to broader discussions on improving the quality and effectiveness of higher education in Zimbabwe and similar contexts.
Keywords: constructive alignment, approach, teaching/learning; outcome-based; quality enhancement.