bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A common fixed point theorem for a sequence of fuzzy mappings
Authors: Rhoades B. E. 
Published: September 2002

We obtain a common fixed point theorem for a sequence of fuzzy mappings, satisfying
a contractive definition more general than that of Lee, Lee, Cho and Kim [2].Let (X, d) be a complete linear metric space. A fuzzy set A in X is a function from X into
[0, 1]. If x ∈ X, the function value A(x) is called the grade of membership of X in A. The α‐level
set of A, Aα : = {x : A(x) ≥ α,  if α ∈ (0, 1]}, and . W(X) denotes the
collection of all the fuzzy sets A in X such that Aα is compact and convex for each α ∈ [0, 1]
and supx∈XA(x) = 1. For A, B ∈ W(X), A ⊂ B means A(x) ≤ B(x) for each x ∈ X. For
A, B ∈ W(X), α ∈ [0, 1], define

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm465769:ijmm465769-math-0002

,
where dH is the Hausdorff metric induced by the metric d. We notc that Pα is a nondecrcasing
function of α and D is a metric on W(X).Let X be an arbitrary set, Y any linear metric space. F is called a fuzzy mapping if F is a
mapping from the set X into W(Y).In earlier papers the author and Bruce Watson, [3] and [4], proved some fixed point theorems
for some mappings satisfying a very general contractive condition. In this paper we prove a fixed
point theorem for a sequence of fuzzy mappings satisfying a special case of this general contractive
condition. We shall first prove the theorem, and then demonstrate that our definition is more
general than that appearing in [2].Let D denote the closure of the range of d. We shall be concerned with a function Q, defined
on d and satisfying the following conditions:

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm465769:ijmm465769-math-0003

LEMMA 1. [1] Let (X, d) be a complete linear metric space, F a fuzzy mapping from X
into W(X) and x0 ∈ X. Then there exists an x1 ∈ X such that {x1} ⊂ F(x0).
Collision risk for fixed offshore structures close to high-density shipping lanes
Authors: Pedersen P T 
Published: September 2002

Fixed offshore structures in the vicinity of intense ship traffic pose a potential collision hazard such as risk of loss of life, economic loss, environmental damage and other possible unwanted events. Therefore, one of the many performance goals in the design phase of such structures is to ensure that the risk of such major accidents and service disruptions is low enough to be acceptable to users, the public and those responsible for public safety. The present paper uses a risk analysis performed for a large suspension bridge with approach spans as an example of the key elements required in a rational risk analysis procedure for fixed offshore structures in shipping lanes with high traffic densities. It deals with the following items: the basic information and the navigational studies needed for a rational collision risk assessment, exemplification of target risk acceptance criteria for the bridge structure, an analysis procedure for ship collision frequencies as a function of the structural layout, elements in a calculation of the probabilistic distribution of collision forces on the fixed structure, given a collision has taken place, and finally it is shown how the consequences due to accidental ship collisions can be assessed, i.e. the risks that have to be compared to the target risk acceptance criteria. The main objective of the procedure is to provide the designers with the maximum flexibility to develop new cost effective offshore structures based on performance standards for the structural requirements and the requirements to the navigational arrangements, instead of basing the design on the more traditional prescriptive rules or codes. For the example bridge structure it is shown that fulfilment of the established risk criteria substantially influences the geometric requirements for the navigation clearance and the needed resistance to ship, impacts. In addition it was found necessary to establish a vessel traffic system (VTS).
Patterns of morphological discrimination in selected human tarsal elements
Authors: Kidd R.S. , Oxnard C.E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA suite of measurements was collected from the talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid of humans from Southern China, Victorian Britain, Roman Britain, and Zulu tribes people from the Republic of South Africa. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of dimensions of individual foot bones revealed subtle but distinct patterns of morphological discrimination on the basis of sex and size on the one hand, and geographical relationships on the other. These differences are largely expressed in the first three canonical variates of the multivariate analyses: the first axis expresses both sex and size differences, and the second and third, geographical group differences. Confirmation of morphological patterns obtained from individual multivariate analyses was provided by an integrated analysis of the four tarsal elements together. However, the integrated analysis also gave larger separations with discriminations along different axes. Thus the three geographical groups (Zulus, Southern Chinese, and the two British groups together) were separated by first and third variates. The discrimination of sex and size differences was found in the second axis, mirroring what was found in the first axes of the individual studies. This axis reversal implies that in examining all bones together, there is enough redundant information about sex and size in each individual bone that they are relegated to a second axis. It likewise implies that the data referring to geographic discriminations provided by each individual bone are not redundant; they sum in the integrated analysis, and therefore contribute to the overall analysis to a greater extent, with increased clarity. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:169–181, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a new type of adsorbent containing carboxyl and amidoxime groups by preirradiation grafting and its absorption of metal ions
Authors: Zhanhai Yao , Lei Rao , Jun Xu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new type of adsorbent containing amidoxime and carboxyl groups was synthesized by the preirradiation graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylic acid (AA) onto fibrous‐type poly(vinyl alcohol) followed by amidoximation with hydroxylamine. The radiation dose and ratio of AN and AA monomers influenced the degree of grafting, the content of the amidoxime group, and the adsorption capacity. The synthesis course, structure, and properties of the adsorbent were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. The adsorption property of the adsorbent for palladium(II) ions was also studied systematically. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1986–1992, 2002
Molecular pathology parameters in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Shi Wei , Pataki Istvan , MacMillan Christine , Pintilie M.Sc. M. , Payne David , O'Sullivan M.B. Brian , Cummings M.B. Ch.B. Bernard J. , Warde Padraig , Liu Fei‐Fei 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo derive a better understanding of the biologic behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the authors evaluated a number of molecular variables to address the hypothesis that p53 dysfunction in NPC is associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), increased tumor angiogenesis, lower likelihood of apoptosis, and poorer clinical outcome.MATERIALSThe biopsy samples from 87 NPC patients were obtained and sections were made to detect EBV, using in‐situ hybridization; the authors used immunohistochemistry to assess p53, p21WAF1/CIP1expression, and microvessel density count (MVD). In situ end labelling was used to evaluate apoptosis and necrosis. Analyses were conducted on the association between each of these variables as well as clinical outcome, including survival and local control.RESULTSThere was a highly significant association between EBV‐encoded RNA (EBER) positivity with p53 over‐expression in that only 1 out of 32 p53 over‐expressing tumors was EBER negative, as opposed to 19 out of 48 p53 negative tumors being EBER negative (P= 0.001). In addition, EBER positivity was highly associated with World Health Organization (WHO) type 3 NPC, Asian/Chinese ethnicity, a lower apoptotic index, and p21 over‐expression. p53 over‐expression was associated with a higher MVD count. Controlling for age and nodal status, EBER positivity was associated with both improved overall survival (P= 0.02), and disease‐free survival (P= 0.04). In contrast, the presence of tumor necrosis was associated with an inferior local control (P= 0.03).CONCLUSIONp53 protein was over‐expressed in approximately one third of NPC samples in the current study, and this correlated significantly with the presence of EBER. Epstein‐Barr virus status was also associated with WHO type 3 NPC, Asian/Chinese ethnicity, and induction of p21. The presence of EBV appeared to predict for improved survival, the mechanism of which remains to be elucidated in this biologically complex disease. Cancer 2002;94:1997–2006. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10440
Encouraging homework completion among older adults in therapy
Authors: Coon David W. , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA growing body of research suggests that homework assignments facilitate positive outcomes in psychotherapy. We describe a cognitive behavioral outpatient therapy that stresses the important role homework plays in psychotherapy outcomes and that is found to be successful for treating emotional distress in both older adults and family caregivers. Just as a number of barriers can make it difficult for older clients to commit to regular therapy appointments, a variety of factors can also influence their completion of homework. We also address key issues frequently encountered when fostering homework compliance among older adults and utilize case vignettes to illustrate successful approaches to address these barriers. We present basic tenets for effective homework completion regardless of age group as well as several methods to address homework challenges that we find to be particularly pertinent for therapists treating today's older adults. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 549–563, 2002.
Bracken Distribution in Great Britain: Strategies for its Control and the Sustainable Management of Marginal Land
Authors: Pakeman Robin J. , Le Duc Mike G. , Marrs Rob H. 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Bracken is often perceived as a widespread and increasing land management problem. The pollen record of a wide range of sites in Great Britain suggests that the current abundance of bracken is less than or, at worst, equivalent to maximum historical levels. Recently gathered data also suggest that bracken cover is declining. Results of risk assessments of land use change, and experimental and modelling investigations into the effects of climate change are synthesized. This synthesis suggests that there is the potential for increased bracken dominance in northern Britain, spread into new areas at high altitudes, and possible spread into areas with reduced grazing. However, this must be set against any changes in the extent of other vegetation types at the expense of bracken. There is now a long history of bracken control, both in Great Britain and globally. Conventional methods of control (cutting, asulam application) are well understood, but many control attempts do not result in long-term success, as control is often not followed by aftercare. Bracken control is just one part of the process to ensure a sustainable use of resources and to maintain biodiversity. A coherent strategy for bracken control is put forward, a necessary part of which includes the restoration of vegetation and subsequent land management which takes into account an understanding of bracken ecology.
On the structure and variability of atmospheric circulation regimes in coupled climate models
Authors: Weisheimer Antje , Handorf Dörthe , Dethloff Klaus 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn order to investigate whether climate models of different complexity have the potential to simulate natural atmospheric circulation regimes, 1000‐year‐long integrations with constant external forcing have been analysed. Significant non‐Gaussian uni‐, bi‐, and trimodal probability density functions have been found in 100‐year segments. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
Indication of shrinking atmosphere above Tromsø (69 °N, 19 °E)
Authors: Hall C. M. , Cannon P. S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAt Tromsø (69 °N; 19 °E), ionospheric data from 1952 onwards indicate that the mean altitude of the F2 layer is dropping by 4 km per decade on average. This effect is thought to be attributable to middle atmosphere cooling due to increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Effects of different terrain on velocity standard deviations
Authors: Al‐Jiboori M. H. , Xu Yumao , Qian Yongfu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe standard deviations of wind velocity components are calculated and compared based on the measurements of turbulence fluctuations over three underlying surfaces: uniform, inhomogeneous and urban. Statistical analysis shows that there are the differences between them which prove the influences of surfaces roughness on turbulence. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Ascribing potential causes of recent trends in free atmosphere temperatures
Authors: Thorne P. W. , Jones P. D. , Tett S. F. B. , Parker D. E. , Osborn T. J. , Davies T. D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe use globally gridded radiosonde temperature datasets in a simple climate change study. Two climate models, when run with historical and, particularly, anthropogenic forcings, exhibit a degree of agreement with radiosonde temperature observations for 1958–1998. Copyright © 2002 British Crown Copyright.
Failure of centromere separation leads to formation of diplochromosomes in next mitosis in okadaic acid treated HeLa cells.
Authors: Ghosh Sibdas , Paweletz Neidhard , Schroeter Dieter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHigh concentrations of okadaic acid, sufficient to inhibit phosphatase 1 and 2A activities, induces formation of diplochromosomes in HeLa cells. It has been shown that this is due to a failure of sister chromatid separation in earlier mitosis in the presence of okadaic acid in the medium and not due to bypassing of mitosis (endoreduplication). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the sister chromatid adherence does not depend on any under‐replicated chromatin segment shared by the sister chromatids which might happen in okadaic acid induced premature mitosis, but due to the failure of the centromeres to separate at metaphase ‐ anaphase transition. The role of phophatase 1 in sister chromatid separation has been discussed
Microtubules in dividing root cells of the conifer pinus radiata and the cycad zamia furfuracea
Authors: Fowke Larry C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMicrotubules in dividing root cells of the gymnosperms Pinus radiata (conifer) and Zamia furfuracea (cycad) were examined using immunofluorescence techniques. Root tip squashes were prepared to visualize the 3‐dimensional organization of microtubules in intact cells while sections of methacrylate embedded roots revealed microtubules in situ. Both species were characterized by well developed preprophase bands (PPB) of microtubules and highly focused spindle poles at prophase and anaphase. The metaphase spindle and telophase phragmoplast appeared typical of flowering plants.
Effect of TGF‐Alpha on growth of normal human breast epithelial cells in serum‐free primary culture using 3‐dimensional collagen gels.
Authors: Sakthivel Ramasamy , Hamdan Maha , Yang Jason , Guzman Raphael C. , Nandi Satyabrata 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe mitogenic effect of TGF‐alpha, acidic‐FGF, basic‐FGF and lithium on normal human breast epithelial cells was studied in a collagen gel culture system using a serum‐free 1:1 mixture of Ham's F12 and DME medium containing insulin, cholera toxin and bovine serum albumin. TGF‐alpha elicited a strong mitogenic response in a dose dependent manner. Addition of cortisol to TGF‐alpha stimulated growth over and above that achieved with TGF‐alpha alone. A consistent observation has been the effect of a combination of TGF‐alpha and cortisol on growth stimulation of normal human breast epithelial cells resulting in 3‐12 fold growth after 11‐13 days in culture. Acidic‐FGF, basic‐FGF and lithium were not growth promoting.
Developmental regulation of insulin like growth factor II expression in the horse.
Authors: Joujou‐Sisic Karina , Granérus Marika , Wetterling Hanna , Wikström Katarina , Engström Wilhelm , Jeffcott Leo , Schofield Paul N. , Welin Amanda 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe expression of the insulin like growth factor (IGF) II gene has been examined in the developing equine fetus. It was found that IGF II transcripts were present in abundant quantities in third trimester embryonic and extraembryonic tissues as for example the placenta. The expression of the IGF II gene was high in the fetal liver where two prominent transcripts — 4.6 and 4.1 — kB were produced. However, these transcripts could not be traced in the adult liver. Instead we found two different transcripts with the sizes of 4.0 and 2.9 kB in the adult liver. These findings taken together with the demonstration of heterologous IGF II cDNA hybridizing to equine DNA‐digests suggests that the IGF II gene is under developmental control in the horse, with the possible existence of different promoters.
Changes in erythrocyte membranes after fractioned hyperthermia
Authors: Koter Maria 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe structural changes in erythrocytes membranes were examined before and after the second heat shock of erythrocytes. Electrophoretic separation of protein erythrocyte membranes for cells incubated at 48.5°C was different from control i.e. from erythrocytes incubated at 37°C. No quantitative or qualitative changes were spotted in comparison with protein membranes isolated from the erythrocytes following single or double heat shock.Fluidity of erythrocytes membranes was determined by using spin labels, 5‐doxylstearic acid and 16‐doxylstearic acid. The membranes were more rigid in their hydrophobic regions after incubation of cells at 44°C. It can be suggested that erythrocyte membranes play some role in thermotolerance and heat damage of enuclate cells.
Hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes on gelatin gels
Authors: Evans Peter J. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTHypothermic preservation of hepatocytes on gelatin gels allows hepatocytes to be stored for at least 9 days. The procedure is easy, inexpensive and does not require specialised equipment. The cells retain their morphology and are released as separate spherical entities by dissolving the gelatin layer at 37°. The recovered cells have an intact plasma membrane as judged by lactate dehydrogenase activity, attachment efficiency and subsequent monolayer formation in culture. Functional tests show that the cells recover quickly from the storage conditions. Rates of protein synthesis are maintained over a 6 day period and remain at 62% of the initial level on day 9. The liver specific, hormonal induction of the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase is apparent throughout the culture period. In addition a phenotypic marker enzyme, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, remained at basal levels.
Neutrophil polarisation in plasma differs to that induced by endogenous chemoattractants with regard to frequency of uropod formation and requirement for divalent cations.
Authors: Harkin Damien G. , Bignold Leon P. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTHuman neutrophils suspended in Hanks' balanced salt solution (37° C, 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.2) produced extensions, elongated and developed a polarised morphology with both a pseudopod and uropod when exposed to C5a (10 nM), leukotriene B4 (10 nM), platelet activating factor (40 nM) or interleukin‐8 (12.5 nM). Responses to each mediator were generally enhanced or unaffected by chelators of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+. Neutrophils suspended in heparinised plasma (90‐10% v/v in Hanks' balanced salt solution) produced extensions, elongated and developed a pseudopod, but rarely developed a uropod unless additional Mg2+ ions (0.5‐5 mM) were added. These findings demonstrate that the polarisation of neutrophils in plasma is significantly different to that induced by endogenous chemoattractants with regard to the frequency of uropod formation and requirement for extracellular divalent cations.
Reproduction of nuclei in Pelomyxa palustris
Authors: Daniels Edward W. , Pappas George D. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTLight and electron micrographs were made of nuclei in Pelomyxa palustris, a unicellular, multinucleated giant amoeboid organism. We analyzed 1019 pelomyxae and classified their nuclei according to their location in the nuclear cycle. The majority of organisms (56.3%) had interphase nuclei, some of which contained spores of mostly 1‐3 μm in diameter. The nuclei had disintegrated in 1.3 % of organisms that appeared to have no nuclei. The remainder (42.4%) had nuclei in the form of spores (1 to 10 μm spheroids) that were in various stages of development and growth. Mitotic figures were seen in some of them, with several chromosome pairs per nucleus. Interchromosomal fibers were seen at anaphase, and newly formed "young" interphase nuclei were observed.
Retinoic acid induces changes in Xenopus embryo glycolipid pattern
Authors: Rizzo Angela M. , Gornati Rosalba , Rossi Federica , Bernardini Giovanni , Berra Bruno 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA), known for its important role in cellular differentiation, may cause a modification of glycolipid distribution characterized by a shift from globoserie towards latto‐ and ganglio‐series. In the present paper, we have investigated the modifications of the lipidic pattern after exogenous RA treatment of Xenopus embryos. We have noticed a decrease in neutral glycolipids with a parallel increase in gangliosides; the content of sulfatides does not seem to be modified. Beside the shift toward ganglio‐serie, we have also observed a redistribution inside this class of lipids. In particular, following RA treatment, the relative distribution of GD1b and GT1b increases while that of GM3 decreases.
Adipocyte morphology during hormone‐induced lipid deposition and mobilization: An ultrastructural investigation in the perfused cardiac fat
Authors: Zancanaro C. , Poltronieri R. , Sbarbati A. , Merigo F. , Cevese A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe rat pericoronary adipose tissue was perfused in the presence of either the liposynthetic hormone insulin or the lipolytic hormone noradrenaline. Insulin perfusion associated with a) larger adipocyte mean sectional diameter in comparison with noradrenaline perfusion; b) glycogen deposition; c) appearance of small fat globules at discrete sites at the periphery of the main lipid drop. The two latter phenomena were apparently dose‐dependent. Massive lipid deposition was induced by addition of triglycerides to the perfusion medium and this associated with appearance of prominent endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. In noradrenaline‐perfused adipose tissue many small lipid droplets surrounded the central lipid deposit and the endoplasmic reticulum was in the form of both thin long, dashed cisternae sometime surrounding lipid droplets and grouped, anastomosing tubular cisternae. The present work shows that the perfused white adipose tissue of the heart is a suitable model to study, in situ, the morphological effects of hormones in adipocytes.