bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-discharge nursing problems of spinal cord injured patients: on which ” elds can nurses contribute to rehabilitation?
Authors: Bloemen-Vrencken J H A , de Witte L P 
Published: January 2004

Objective: To identify nursing problems of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients after discharge from clinical rehabilitation and to identify gaps in the nursing care regarding the prevention of these problems. Design: The study had an exploratory character and was divided into three phases. Phase 1 had a qualitative nature. Eight patients were interviewed to obtain insight into experienced problems after discharge. In phase 2, a panel of experts regarding nursing care for SCI patients selected nursing problems out of all problems mentioned. Phase 3 consisted of a mailed questionnaire including the nursing problem areas identified in phase 2, which was sent to all patients that were discharged during the last 18 months before the study. Setting: Specialist rehabilitation centre, the Netherlands. Subjects: Eight patients participated in phase 1 (100% response rate), 35 nurses participated in phase 2 (87.5% response rate) and 35 patients participated in phase 3 (62.5% response rate). Results: The most important nursing problems in the response group appeared to be: limitations to activities of daily living, having difficulties in asking for help (assertiveness), pain, coping with the disability, dependency on personal help and problems with changed bladder regulation. The respondents made several suggestions for improving nursing care, involving both clinical care and care after discharge. Conclusions: SCI patients experience serious problems after discharge from clinical rehabilitation. Nurses can give input on a wide variety of these problems.
Skeletal Abnormalities in Pth-Null Mice Are Influenced by Dietary Calcium
Authors: Miao Dengshun , He Bin , Lanske Beate , Bai Xiu-Ying , Tong Xin-Kang , Hendy Geoffrey N. , Goltzman David , Karaplis Andrew C. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
We have examined the role of PTH in the postnatal state in a mouse model of PTH deficiency generated by targeting the Pth gene in embryonic stem cells. Mice homozygous for the ablated allele, when maintained on a normal calcium intake, developed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and low circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] levels consistent with primary hypoparathyroidism. Bone turnover was reduced, leading to increased trabecular and cortical bone volume in PTH-deficient mice. When mutant mice were placed on a low-calcium diet, renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-hydroxylase expression increased despite the absence of PTH, leading to a rise in circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, marked osteoclastogenesis, and profound bone resorption. These studies demonstrate the dependence of the skeletal phenotype in animals with genetically depleted PTH on the external environment as well as on internal hormonal and ionic circulatory factors. They also show that, although PTH action is the first defense against hypocalcemia, 1,25(OH)2D3 can be mobilized, even in the absence of PTH, to guard against extreme calcium deficiency.
Granulosa Cell-Specific Inactivation of Follistatin Causes Female Fertility Defects
Authors: Jorgez Carolina J. , Klysik Michal , Jamin Soazik P. , Behringer Richard R. , Matzuk Martin M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFollistatin plays an important role in female physiology by regulating FSH levels through blocking activin actions. Failure to regulate FSH has been implicated as a potential cause of premature ovarian failure. Premature ovarian failure is characterized by amenorrhea, infertility, and elevated gonadotropin levels in women under the age of 40. Because follistatin is essential for postnatal viability, we designed a cre/loxP conditional knockout system to render the follistatin gene null specifically in the granulosa cells of the postnatal ovary using Amhr2cre transgenic mice. The follistatin conditional knockout females develop fertility defects, including reduced litter number and litter sizes and, in the most severe case, infertility. Reduced numbers of ovarian follicles, ovulation and fertilization defects, elevated levels of serum FSH and LH, and reduced levels of testosterone were observed in these mice. These findings demonstrate that compromising granulosa cell follistatin function leads to findings similar to those characterized in premature ovarian failure. Follistatin conditional knockouts may therefore be a useful model with which to further study this human syndrome. These studies are the first report of a granulosa cell-specific deletion of a gene in the postnatal ovary and have important implications for future endeavors to generate ovary-specific knockout mouse models.
Unexpected Hydrolithiation of M=M′ Double Bond (M, M′ = Si, Ge) with tBuLi
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The reduction of 2- and 1-disilagermirenes 1 and 2 with tBuLi proceeded regio- and stereospecifically to produce germyllithium derivative 4—the product of the formal addition of LiH across the M=M′ bond (M, M′ = Si, Ge) through single electron transfer steps. Reduction of 1,2-disila-3-germacyclopenta-2,4-diene derivative 3 with tBuLi also proceeded specifically, but with an opposite regioselectivity to form silyllithium derivative 7.
Electroreduction of Oxygen by Myoglobin on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhao Guang-Chao , Wei Xian-Wen , Yang Zhou-Sheng 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Direct electrochemical response of myoglobin (Myb) on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was observed. Interestingly, Myb on the MWNT exhibited an elegant catalytic activity for electrochemical reduction of oxygen (O2), based on which an unmediated biosensor for O2 was developed.
Synthesis of Phenylene Bridged Mesoporous Silsesquioxanes with Spherical Morphology in Ammonia Solution
Authors: Kapoor Mahendra P , Inagaki Shinji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The morphologically controlled synthesis for monodispersed spherical phenylene bridged mesoporous silsesquioxanes with relative mesoporous regularity using ammonia as catalyst and the dilute surfactants solution is reported.
Highly Anomer- and Regio-selective Transesterification Catalyzed by Alkaline Protease from Bacillus subtilis in Organic Media
Authors: Wu Qi , Lu Deshui , Xiao Yongmei , Yao Shiping , Lin Xianfu 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Highly anomer-selective-6(6′)-acylation reactions from anomeric mixtures of several mono- and disaccharides with divinyl dicarboxylates ranging from 4 to 10 carbon atoms were catalyzed by an alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis in pyridine. A series of new pure α-anomeric polymerisable vinyl sugar esters of dibasic acids were synthesized in good selectivity and yields.
Solid-state Photopolymerization of Diacetylene-containing Carboxylates with Naphthylmethylammonium as the Countercation in a Two-dimensional Array
Authors: Matsumoto Akikazu , Matsumoto Akinori , Kunisue Takafumi , Tanaka Akira , Tohnai Norimitsu , Sada Kazuki , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Naphthylmethylammonium salts of a series of diacetylene-containing carboxylic acids with various sizes of alkyl chains were photopolymerized in the crystalline state. X-ray crystal structure analyses confirmed lamellar structures characterized with the two-dimensional hydrogen networks formed between carboxylate anion and countercation layers in the crystals. The absorption properties of the resulting polymers depended on the length of alkyl substituents.
Linear Time Dynamic-Programming Algorithms for New Classes of Restricted TSPs: A Computational Study
Authors: Balas Egon , Simonetti Neil 
Published: December 2003

Consider the following restricted (symmetric or asymmetric) traveling-salesman problem (TSP): given an initial ordering of the n cities and an integer k > 0, find a minimum-cost feasible tour, where a feasible tour is one in which city i precedes city j whenever j ≥ i + k in the initial ordering. Balas (1996) has proposed a dynamic-programming algorithm that solves this problem in time linear in n, though exponential in k. Some important real-world problems are amenable to this model or some of its close relatives. The algorithm of Balas (1996) constructs a layered network with a layer of nodes for each position in the tour, such that source-sink paths in this network are in one-to-one correspondence with tours that satisfy the postulated precedence constraints. In this paper we discuss an implementation of the dynamic-programming algorithm for the general case when the integer k is replaced with city-specific integers k(j), j = 1, . . ., n. We discuss applications to, and computational experience with, TSPs with time windows, a model frequently used in vehicle routing as well as in scheduling with setup, release and delivery times. We also introduce a new model, the TSP with target times, applicable to Just-in-Time scheduling problems. Finally for TSPs that have no precedence restrictions, we use the algorithm as a heuristic that finds in linear time a local optimum over an exponential-size neighborhood. For this case, we implement an iterated version of our procedure, based on contracting some arcs of the tour produced by a first application of the algorithm, then reapplying the algorithm to the shrunken graph with the same k.
The Path Restoration Version of the Spare Capacity Allocation Problem with Modularity Restrictions: Models, Algorithms, and an Empirical Analysis
Authors: Kennington Jeffery L. , Lewis Mark W. 
Published: December 2003

This investigation presents a strategy to construct a compact mathematical model of the path-restoration version of the spare capacity allocation problem. The strategy uses a node-arc formulation and combines constraints whenever multiple working paths affected by an edge failure have identical origins or destinations. Another unique feature of this model is the inclusion of modularity restrictions corresponding to the discrete capacities of the equipment used in telecommunication networks. The new model can be solved using a classical branch-and-bound algorithm with a linear-programming relaxation. A preprocessing module is developed, which generates a set of cuts that strengthens this linear programming relaxation. The overhead associated with the cuts is offset by the improved bounds produced. A new branch-and-bound algorithm is developed that exploits the modularity restrictions. In an extensive empirical analysis, a software implementation of this algorithm was found to be substantially faster than CPLEX 6.5.3. For a test suite of 50 problems, each having 50 nodes and 200 demands from a uniform distribution with a small variance, our new software obtained solutions guaranteed to be within 4% of optimality in five minutes of CPU time on a DEC AlphaStation.
Combining Column Generation and Lagrangean Relaxation to Solve a Single-Machine Common Due Date Problem
Authors: van den Akker Marjan , Hoogeveen Han , van de Velde Steef 
Published: December 2003

Column generation has proved to be an effective technique for solving the linear programming relaxation ofhuge set covering or set partitioning problems, and column generation approaches have led to state-of-the-art so-called branch-and-price algorithms for various archetypical combinatorial optimization problems. We use a combination of column generation and Lagrangean relaxation to tackle a single-machine common due date problem, where Lagrangean relaxation is exploited for early termination of the column generation algorithm and for speeding up the pricing algorithm. We show that the Lagrangean lower bound dominates the lower bound that can be derived from the column generation algorithm when applied to the standard linear programming formulation, but we also show how the linear programming formulation can be adapted such that the corresponding lower bound is equal to the Lagrangean lower bound. Our comprehensive computational study shows that the combined algorithm is by far superior to two existing purely column generation algorithms: it solves instances with up to 125 jobs to optimality, while a purely column generation algorithm can solve instances with up to only 60 jobs.
A Framework for the Evaluation of Session Reconstruction Heuristics in Web-Usage Analysis
Authors: Spiliopoulou Myra , Mobasher Bamshad , Berendt Bettina , Nakagawa Miki 
Published: December 2003

Web-usage mining has become the subject of intensive research, as its potential for personalized services, adaptive Web sites and customer profiling is recognized. However, the reliability of Web-usage mining results depends heavily on the proper preparation of the input datasets. In particular, errors in the reconstruction of sessions and incomplete tracing of users’ activities in a site can easily result in invalid patterns and wrong conclusions. In this study, we evaluate the performance of heuristics employed to reconstruct sessions from the server log data. Such heuristics are called to partition activities first by user and then by visit of the user in the site, where user identification mechanisms, such as cookies, may or may not be available. We propose a set of performance measures that are sensitive to two types of reconstruction errors and appropriate for different applications in knowledge discovery (KDD) applications. We have tested our framework on the Web server data of a frame-based Web site. The first experiment concerned a specific KDD application and has shown the sensitivity of the heuristics to particularities of the site's structure and traffic. The second experiment is not bound to a specific application but rather compares the performance of the heuristics for different measures and thus for different application types. Our results show that there is no single best heuristic, but our measures help the analyst in the selection of the heuristic best suited for the application at hand.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: December 2003

The range of books reviewed is wide, covering theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems (no software is reviewed). In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. Publishers who wish to have their books reviewed should send them to Professor Benjamin Lev. We list the books received; not all books received can be reviewed because space is limited. Those who would like to review books are urged to send me their names, addresses, and specific areas of expertise. We commission all reviews and do not accept unsolicited book reviews. Readers are encouraged to suggest books that might be reviewed or to ask publishers to send me copies of such books. The authors or editors of the books reviewed in this issue are Valerie Belton, Theodor J. Stewart, Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl, and Peter Winker.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: December 2003

The range of books reviewed is wide, covering theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems (no software is reviewed). In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. Publishers who wish to have their books reviewed should send them to Professor Benjamin Lev. We list the books received; not all books received can be reviewed because space is limited. Those who would like to review books are urged to send me their names, addresses, and specific areas of expertise. We commission all reviews and do not accept unsolicited book reviews. Readers are encouraged to suggest books that might be reviewed or to ask publishers to send me copies of such books. The authors or editors of the books reviewed in this issue are Yakov Ben-Haim, Saul I. Gass, Carl M. Harris, Nancy Hyer, and Urban Wemmerlöv.
Research Commentary: Transformational Issues in Researching IS and Net-Enabled Organizations
Authors: Straub Detmar W. , Watson Richard T. 
Published: December 2003

The conduct of net-enabled business, known variously as electronic commerce (EC) or e-Business, has changed the landscape and opportunities for IS research by shifting the focus from internal to customer/partnering systems. The article examines the two primary dyadic net-enabled relationships in the marketplace: B2C and B2B. It also considers issues that extend beyond these two relationships. B2C practice and research are analyzed from: (1) consumer, (2) service, and (3) risk perspectives. Three central issues of B2B or supply chain practice and research are next considered: (1) beyond simple efficiencies, (2) innovations in B2B technology, and (3) information visibility. Finally, four overarching research issues are examined: (1) strategy, (2) organizational design, (3) metrics, and (4) managing IS. Not all research on the net-enabled organization (NEO) is IS research, and it is critical that IS journals maintain their distinctive focus. Within the bounds of the net-enabled revolution, though, the IS field has an opportunity to shape the phenomenon with timely, theory-based work that will disseminate beyond the IS academic and practitioner communities.
Membership Size, Communication Activity, and Sustainability: A Resource-Based Model of Online Social Structures
Authors: Butler Brian S. 
Published: December 2003

As telecommunication networks become more common, there is an increasing interest in the factors underlying the development of online social structures. It has been proposed that these structures are new forms of organizing which are not subject to the same constraints as traditional social structures. However, from anecdotal evidence and case studies it is difficult to evaluate whether online social structures are subject to the same problems as traditional social structures. Drawing from prior studies of traditional social structures and empirical analyses of longitudinal data from a sample of Internet-based groups, this exploratory work considers the role of size and communication activity in sustainable online social structures.A resource-based theory of sustainable social structures is presented. Members contribute time, energy, and other resources, enabling a social structure to provide benefits for individuals. These benefits, which include information, influence, and social support, are the basis for a social structure's ability to attract and retain members. This model focuses on the system of opposing forces that link membership size as a component of resource availability and communication activity as an aspect of benefit provision to the sustainability of an online social structure. Analyses of data from a random sample of e-mail-based Internet social structures (listservs) indicate that communication activity and size have both positive and negative effects on a structure's sustainability. These results suggest that while the use of networked communication technologies may alter the form of communication, balancing the opposing impacts of membership size and communication activity in order to maintain resource availability and provide benefits for current members remains a fundamental problem underlying the development of sustainable online social structures.
Informational Influence in Organizations: An Integrated Approach to Knowledge Adoption
Authors: Sussman Stephanie Watts , Siegal Wendy Schneier 
Published: December 2003

This research investigates how knowledge workers are influenced to adopt the advice that they receive in mediated contexts. The research integrates the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis 1989) with dual-process models of informational influence (e.g., Petty and Cacioppo 1986, Chaiken and Eagly 1976) to build a theoretical model of information adoption. This model highlights the assessment of information usefulness as a mediator of the information adoption process. Importantly, the model draws on the dual-process models to make predictions about the antecedents of informational usefulness under different processing conditions. The model is investigated qualitatively first, using interviews of a sample of 40 consultants, and then quantitatively on another sample of 63 consultants from the same international consulting organization. Data reflect participants' perceptions of actual e-mails they received from colleagues consisting of advice or recommendations. Results support the model, suggesting that the process models used to understand information adoption can be generalized to the field of knowledge management, and that usefulness serves a mediating role between influence processes and information adoption. Organizational knowledge work is becoming increasingly global. This research offers a model for understanding knowledge transfer using computer-mediated communication.
The Social Construction of Meaning: An Alternative Perspective on Information Sharing
Authors: Miranda Shaila M. , Saunders Carol S. 
Published: December 2003

Research on information sharing has viewed this activity as essential for informing groups on content relevant to a decision. We propose and examine an alternate function of information sharing, i.e., the social construction of meaning. To accomplish this goal, we turn to social construction, social presence, and task closure theories. Drawing from these theories, we hypothesize relationships among the meeting environment, breadth and depth of information shared during a meeting, and decision quality. We explore these relationships in terms of the effects of both the media environment in which the group is situated and the medium that group members choose to utilize for their communication Our study of 32, 5- and 6-person groups supports our belief that interpretation underlies information sharing and is necessary for favorable decision outcomes. It also supports the proposed negative effect of low social presence media on interpretation in terms of depth of information sharing; a low social presence medium, however, promotes information sharing breadth. Finally, the findings indicate that when in multimedia environments and faced with a relatively complex task, choosing to utilize an electronic medium facilitates closure and, therefore, favorable outcomes.
The Influence of Business Managers' IT Competence on Championing IT
Authors: Bassellier Geneviève , Benbasat Izak , Reich Blaize Horner 
Published: January 2004

With the increased importance of IT in organizations, business managers are now expected to show stronger leadership in regard to its deployment of IT in organizations. This requires greater focus on their capability to understand and use IT resources effectively. This paper explores the concept of IT competence of business managers as a contributor to their intention to champion IT within their organizations. Based on the knowledge literature, IT competence is defined as “ the set of IT-related knowledge and experience that a business manager possesses.” The relationship between IT knowledge, IT experience, and championing IT is tested empirically using Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL. Four hundred and four business managers from two large insurance organizations were surveyed. Specific areas of IT knowledge and IT experience were first identified and the first half of the data set was utilized to assess the measurement properties of the instrument in a confirmatory analysis. The contribution of IT knowledge and IT experience to their intention to champion IT was assessed using the second half of the data set. The results show that IT knowledge and IT experience together explain 34% of the variance in managers' intentions to champion IT. Recommendations are given as to how organizations can enhance their business managers IT knowledge and experience to achieve stronger IT leadership from line people.