bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success and failure in establishing national physician databases: a comparison between Canada and Israel
Authors: Levi Baruch , Davidovitch Nadav , Allin Sara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Physician databases constitute an essential component of health workforce planning. However, while some countries have established functioning national physician databases, others have failed to do so. We compared the healthcare systems of two technologically and economically developed countries, Canada and Israel, which represent cases of respective success and failure in establishing physician databases. A comparative analysis was conducted using a historical-institutionalist approach to examine contemporary health policy outcomes. White papers, studies on healthcare human resources, and reports by professional committees were examined to explore the aims, interests, positions, and actions of stakeholders. In Canada, state–medical profession cooperation, deep-rooted in a longstanding regulatory bargain between the two parties, has facilitated the creation and management of physician databases, albeit limited and in need of urgent improvement, on national and jurisdictional levels. The lack of such regulatory arrangement coupled with enduring conflicted relations between stakeholders due to particular historical developments have hindered the development of an Israeli equivalent database so far. Finally, health policy outcomes may be explained against the backdrop of broader political, governance, and organisational contexts. How medical organisations respond to governmental healthcare initiatives is heavily influenced by their institutional position vis-à-vis the state, shaped by historical processes and regulatory arrangements.
A compact ultrawide bandpass filter along notch characteristics with rectangular resonator through a machine learning approach
Authors: Rai Jayant Kumar , Choudhary Dilip Kumar , Ranjan Pinku , Chowdhury Rakesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents an ultrawide bandpass filter structure developed along a notch band using a small rectangular impedance resonator. The proposed filter structure consists of a coupled rectangular resonator (CRR), open stub, and composited split ring resonator (CSRR) at the bottom of the structure. In-band and out-of-band properties are improved by the CRR and open stub. The notch band is obtained by placing CSRR below the rectangular resonator. A filter with a compact size of 0.15 × 0.10 λg is obtained at a lowered cutoff frequency of 3.0 GHz, where λg is the corresponding guided wavelength. The proposed structure has been constructed on 5880 Rogers substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. Additionally, equivalent lumped parameters were obtained, and a lumped equivalent circuit was created to explain how the suggested filter operated. The Electromagnetic (EM)-simulated results are in good agreement with the circuit-simulated and measured result. The various machine learning approaches such as artificial neural network, K-nearest neighbour, decision tree, random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting algorithms are applied to optimize the design, in which RF algorithms achieve more than 90% accuracy for predicting the S parameters of the ultrawideband filter.
Effects of 2,4-D with and without wiper-applied glyphosate on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) shoot, shoot regrowth, and root biomass
Authors: Jones Eric A. L. , Alms Jill K. , Vos David A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pot studies outdoors under natural environmental conditions were conducted to determine leafy spurge biomass reduction resulting from broadcast application of 2,4-D (2,244 g ae ha-1) with and without wiper-applied glyphosate. Glyphosate (575 g ae L-1) was applied at 0, 33, 50, and 75% diluted concentrate with a wiper 24 hrs after 2,4-D was broadcast applied. Injury estimates and shoot biomass did not differ between plants treated with 2,4-D-only or the addition of wiper-applied glyphosate 21 days after treatment. Shoot regrowth biomass of plants treated with 2,4-D-only was approximately 560% greater compared to nontreated plants three months after treatment. Plants treated with wiper-applied glyphosate had shoot regrowth biomass of less than 10% compared to the nontreated plants 3 months after treatment. Root biomass of 2,4-D-only treated plants (160% of nontreated plants) followed a similar pattern of shoot regrowth biomass. Root biomass of plants treated with wiper-applied glyphosate exhibited approximately 50% reductions compared to nontreated plants. The concentrations of glyphosate tested reduced all vegetative metrics equally; therefore, all labeled concentrations should be effective. The results of the experiment show that broadcast-applied 2,4-D is more effective at reducing leafy spurge biomass with the addition of wiper-applied glyphosate.
Impact of Cover Crops on Furrow-Irrigated Rice and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Emergence
Authors: King Tanner A. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Barber L. Tom , Drescher Gerson L. , Fernandes Samuel B. , Avent Tristen H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As mid-southern U.S. rice producers continue to adopt furrow-irrigated rice (FIR) production practices, supplementary management efforts will be vital in combating Palmer amaranth due to the extended germination period provided by the lack of a continual flood. Previous research has revealed the ability of cover crops to suppress Palmer amaranth emergence in corn, cotton, and soybean production systems; however, research on cover crop weed control efficacy in rice production is scarce. Therefore, trials were initiated in Arkansas in 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the effect of cover crops across five site years on rice emergence, groundcover, grain yield, and total Palmer amaranth emergence. The cover crops evaluated were cereal rye, winter wheat, Austrian winterpea, and hairy vetch. Cover crop biomass accumulation varied by site year, ranging from 430 to 3,440 kg ha-1, with cereal rye generally being the most consistent producer of high-quantity biomass across site years. Rice growth and development were generally unaffected by cover crop establishment; however, all cover crops reduced rice emergence by up to 30% in one site year. Rice groundcover was reduced by 13% from cereal rye in one site year two weeks before heading but cover crops did not impact rough rice grain yield in any of the site years. Palmer amaranth emergence was reduced by 19 and 35% with cereal rye relative to the absence of a cover crop when rice was planted in April in Marianna and May in Fayetteville, respectively. In most trials, Palmer amaranth emergence was not reduced by a cereal cover crop. In most instances, legume cover crops resulted in less Palmer amaranth emergence than without a cover crop. Based on these results, legume cover crops appear to provide some suppression of Palmer amaranth emergence in FIR while having a minimal effect on rice establishment and yield.
A New Evaluation of Observed Changes in Diurnal Temperature Range
Authors: Xu Qiya , Wei Sihao , Li Zichen , Li Qingxiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to spatial heterogeneity, the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) change trends vary across data sets. By updating the C‐LSAT data set to version 2.1, this study systematically evaluates long‐term DTR trends at global and continental scales since 1900. The results indicate that improvements in temporal and spatial data coverage, particularly after 2014, along with data homogenization, have significantly enhanced the reliability of global and regional DTR assessments. Since 1900, the global mean DTR has declined at a rate of −0.025°C per decade, with the most pronounced decreases observed from the 1950s to the 1980s, especially in Asia and Africa. However, in recent decades, DTR trends have reversed, with the global DTR increasing at a rate of 0.136°C per decade since 1998, particularly in Europe, North America, and the Southern Hemisphere. These findings confirm previous studies on DTR trends and their causes, providing updated, reliable estimates of global and regional changes.
A Numerical Investigation of Equatorial Electrojet During the Total Solar Eclipse on 29 March 2006
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Lei Jiuhou , Dang Tong , Song Huimin , Xia Hao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to the relative location of the Sun, Earth, and Moon, a common and special phenomenon occurs, termed a solar eclipse. During the solar eclipse, the solar radiation is greatly obscured, therefore, a series of disturbances could be imposed into the ionosphere. Using electron density observations from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite, the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) measurements from the ground station, and simulations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model, this work explored the behaviors of EEJ during the total solar eclipse on 29 March 2006. The path of this solar eclipse goes across the dip equator, providing an opportunity for us to explore the perturbations of EEJ. It is found that the observed EEJ at the MBO station is reduced, with a maximum and average percentage of 38.85% and 19.43%, respectively. The perturbations of EEJ are not only established that are directly affected by the solar eclipse but also after the solar eclipse ends. Local Cowling conductivity associated with E‐region electron density is greatly decreased when the solar eclipse occurs. The zonal electric field established by the E‐region wind might play a key role in the regulation of EEJ in both eclipse and post‐eclipse phases.
Local Generation of Mirror Modes by Pickup Protons at Mars
Authors: Simon Wedlund C. , Mazelle C. , Meziane K. , Bertucci C. , Volwerk M. , Preisser L. , Schmid D. , Halekas J. , McFadden J. , Mitchell D. , Espley J. , Henri P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMirror mode structures are born from a plasma instability driven by a large temperature anisotropy and appear downstream of planetary and interplanetary shocks, in their magnetosheath. As so‐called “magnetic bottles” imprisoning dense and hot plasma, they are usually observed downstream of their region of formation, where the anisotropy is large and free energy is available, implying that they are advected with the plasma flow to the detection region. At Earth and other planets, the quasi‐perpendicular shock provides the plasma with the necessary heating along the perpendicular direction to the local magnetic field. At Mars, which boasts an extended exosphere, an additional source of temperature anisotropy exists, through unstable ring‐beam velocity distributions, that is, through ions locally ionized and subsequently picked up by the local electric fields. We report here for the first time an example of near locally‐generated mirror mode structures due to pickup protons at Mars using the full plasma instrument suite on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. We present events with mirror modes in quasi‐perpendicular and quasi‐parallel shock conditions, discuss the locality of their generation and show that, in addition to the classic quasi‐perpendicular source of anisotropy, another source exists, that is, unstable pickup protons. The existence at Mars of this extra ion anisotropy‐generating mechanism is reminiscent of comets.
Fe‐FeH Eutectic Melting Curve and the Estimates of Earth's Core Temperature and Composition
Authors: Mita Shuhei , Tagawa Shoh , Hirose Kei , Ikuta Nagi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFe and FeH form a binary eutectic system above ∼40 GPa. Here we performed melting experiments in a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell and obtained the Fe‐FeH eutectic melting curve between 52 and 175 GPa. Its extrapolation shows the eutectic temperature to be 4,350 K at the inner core boundary (ICB), which is lower than that in Fe‐FeSi but is higher than those in the Fe‐S, Fe‐O, and Fe‐C systems. In addition, its dT/dP slope is comparable to those of the melting curves of Fe and FeH endmembers, suggesting that the eutectic liquid composition changes little with increasing pressure and is about FeH0.6 at the ICB pressure. We also estimated the effect of each light element on depressing the liquidus temperature at 330 GPa based on a combination of binary eutectic temperature and composition and found that the effect is large for C and S and small for H, O, and Si when considering the amount of each element that reduces a certain percentage of a liquid iron density. Furthermore, we searched for a set of possible outer core liquid composition and ICB temperature (the liquidus temperature of the former at 330 GPa should match the latter), which explains the outer core density deficit that depends on core temperature. The results demonstrate that relatively low core temperatures, lower than the solidus temperature of a pyrolitic lowermost mantle at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB), are possible.
Crustal Structure of the Hikurangi Subduction Zone Revealed by Four Decades of Onshore‐Offshore Seismic Data: Implications for the Dimensions and Slip Behavior of the Seismogenic Zone
Authors: Bassett Dan , Henrys Stuart , Tozer Brook , van Avendonk Harm , Gase Andrew , Bangs Nathan , Kodaira Shuichi , Okaya David , Jacobs Katie , Sutherland Rupert , Seebeck Hannu , Barker Dan , Fujie Gou , Arai Ryuta , Seaward Anya , Mochizuki Kimi , Savage Martha , Stern Tim , Luckie Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFour decades of seismic reflection, onshore‐offshore and ocean‐bottom seismic data are integrated to constrain a high‐resolution 3‐D P‐wave velocity model of the Hikurangi subduction zone. Our model shows wavespeeds in the offshore forearc to be 0.5–1 km/s higher in south Hikurangi than in the central and northern segments (VP ≤ 4.5 km/s). Correlation with onshore geology and seismic reflection data sets suggest wavespeed variability in the overthrusting plate reflects the spatial distribution of Late Jurassic basement terranes. The crustal backstop is 25–35 km from the deformation front in south Hikurangi, but this distance abruptly increases to ∼105 km near Cape Turnagain. This change in backstop position coincides with the southern extent of shallow slow‐slip, most of which occurs updip of the backstop along the central and northern margin. These relationships suggest the crustal backstop may impact the down‐dip extent of shallow conditional stability on the megathrust and imply a high likelihood of near/trench‐breaching rupture in south Hikurangi. North of Cape Turnagain, the more landward position of the backstop, in conjunction with a possible reduction in the depth of the brittle ductile transition, reduces the down‐dip width of frictional locking between the southern (∼100 km) and central Hikurangi margin by up‐to 50%. Abrupt transitions in overthrusting plate structure are resolved near Cook Strait, Gisborne and across the northern Raukumara Peninsula, and appear related to tectonic inheritance and the evolution of the Hikurangi margin. Extremely low forearc wavespeeds resolved north of Gisborne played a key role in producing long durations of long‐period earthquake ground motions.
Microphysical Evolution of Heavy Rainfall During a Bow Echo Event in South China: Characteristics and the Mesovortex‐Related Impacts
Authors: Liu Qiqing , Zhou Ang , Zhao Kun , Xu Xin , Huang Hao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA heavy rainfall (HR) event caused by a bow echo struck South China on 11 April 2019. Two extremely HR periods were identified within this event, and the second rainfall period led to severe flooding in Shenzhen city, resulting in 11 fatalities. The first rainfall period was dominated by warm‐rain processes, while the development of the second period was closely related to the intensification of ice‐phase processes. The contribution of raindrops from the melting process played a crucial role in the formation of extreme rainfall, which achieved a high rain rate (RR) exceeding 120 mm hr−1. The enhancement of the ice‐phase processes during the second rainfall period was found to be closely associated with the development of a low‐level mesoscale vortex (MV). Due to the complementary non‐linear dynamical accelerations induced by the MV, the vertical velocity within the convective system rapidly intensified, leading to a more upright and deeper convective organization. As a result, more water vapor and supercooled water were lifted above the freezing level, which increased the presence of ice‐phase particles with the potential to melt, subsequently contributing to the extreme high RR. This study investigates the microphysical characteristics of two periods of HR that occurred during and after the development of a MV within a bow echo event, and examines the key microphysical processes affected by the MV, which partially contributed to the second HR period.
Rock Glacier Velocity: An Essential Climate Variable Quantity for Permafrost
Authors: Hu Yan , Arenson Lukas U. , Barboux Chloé , Bodin Xavier , Cicoira Alessandro , Delaloye Reynald , Gärtner‐Roer Isabelle , Kääb Andreas , Kellerer‐Pirklbauer Andreas , Lambiel Christophe , Liu Lin , Pellet Cécile , Rouyet Line , Schoeneich Philippe , Seier Gernot , Strozzi Tazio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRock glaciers are distinctive debris landforms found worldwide in cold mountainous regions. They express the long‐term movement of perennially frozen ground. Rock Glacier Velocity (RGV), defined as the time series of the annualized surface velocity of a rock glacier unit or a part of it, has been accepted as an Essential Climate Variable Permafrost Quantity in 2022. This review aims to highlight the relationship between rock glacier velocity and climatic factors, emphasizing the scientific relevance of interannual rock glacier velocity in generating RGV products within the context of observed rock glacier kinematics. Under global warming, rock glacier velocity exhibits widespread (multi‐)decennial acceleration. This acceleration varies regionally in onset timing (from the 1950s to the 2010s) and magnitude (up to a factor of 10), and has been observed in regions such as the European Alps, High Mountain Asia, and the Andes. Despite different local conditions, a synchronous interannual velocity pattern prevails in the European Alps since the 2000s, highlighting the primary influence of climate. A common pattern is the seasonal velocity rhythm, which peaks in late summer to autumn and declines in spring. RGV assesses permafrost evolution via (multi‐)decennial and interannual changes in rock glacier velocity, influenced by air temperature shifts with varying time lags and snow cover effects. Although not integrated into the RGV products, seasonal variations should be examined. This rhythmic behavior is attributed to alterations in pore water pressure influenced by air temperature, snow cover, and ground water conditions.
A low-cost printed circuit board-based centrifugal microfluidic platform for dielectrophoresis
Authors: Rondot Nicklas , Yan Songyuan , Mager Dario , Kulinsky Lawrence 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent decades, electrokinetic handling of microparticles and biological cells found many applications ranging from biomedical diagnostics to microscale assembly. The integration of electrokinetic handling such as dielectrophoresis (DEP) greatly benefits microfluidic point-of-care systems as many modern assays require cell handling. Compared to traditional pump-driven microfluidics, typically used for DEP applications, centrifugal CD microfluidics provides the ability to consolidate various liquid handling tasks in self-contained discs under the control of a single motor. Therefore, it has significant advantages in terms of cost and reliability. However, to integrate DEP on a spinning disc, a major obstacle is transferring power to the electrodes that generate DEP forces. Existing solutions for power transfer lack portability and availability or introduce excessive complexity for DEP settings. We present a concept that leverages the compatibility of DEP and inductive power transfer to bring DEP onto a rotating disc without much circuitry. Our solution leverages the ongoing advances in the printed circuit board market to make low-cost cartridges (<$1) that can employ DEP, which was validated using yeast cells. The resulting DEPDisc platform solves the challenge that existing printed circuit board electrodes are reliant on expensive high-voltage function generators by boosting the voltage using resonant inductive power transfer. This work includes a device costing less than $100 and easily replicable with the information provided in the Supplementary material. Consequently, with DEPDisc we present the first DEP-based low-cost platform for cell handling where both the device and the cartridges are truly inexpensive.
Design of functional and stable adhesion systems using reversible and movable crosslinked materials
Authors: Qian Yunpeng , Kosaba Sho , Ikura Ryohei , Yamaoka Kenji , Takashima Yoshinori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stable, tough, and functional adhesion systems are urgently needed for a sustainable society. As a resolution, supramolecular scientists have introduced reversible and movable crosslinked materials into adhesion systems. Reversible crosslinks can repeatedly associate and dissociate. Therefore, reversible crosslinked materials show self-healing and stimuli-responsive properties. Moreover, movable crosslinks are topological crosslinks in which the polymer chains penetrate the cavities of cyclic molecules. The sliding of the movable crosslinks with deformation enabled the achievement of materials showing high toughness and self-relaxation. Adhesion systems with reversible and movable crosslinks have improved adhesion and cohesion, stability, and functionality. This novel concept for the design of adhesion systems is expected to increase the lifetime of adhesives and ameliorate environmental problems.
Tensegrity-inspired polymer films: progressive bending stiffness through multipolymeric patterning
Authors: Kuwada Rikima , Ito Shuto , Shimoda Yuta , Fukunishi Haruka , Ohnishi Ryota , Ishii Daisuke , Hayashi Mikihiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Materials with J-shaped stress-strain behavior under uniaxial stretching have been developed using various designs; in these materials, the strength increases as the deformation progresses. On the other hand, polymer materials that progressively stiffen under bending are far less explored, and a systematic approach to achieving this behavior has not yet been developed. To address this gap, membrane tensegrity structures, which achieve structural stability by balancing compressive forces in rods and tensile forces in membranes, were examined. Notably, some of these structures exhibit increased stiffness under bending. Using a multipolymer patterning technique, we developed a functional polymer film exhibiting membrane tensegrity-like properties that stiffened under bending. This effect resulted from the membrane tension generated by rod protrusions and a likely increase in the second moment of area at regions with maximum curvature.