bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of noise on parameter recovery from Raman spectrograms
Authors: Dawlaty Jahan Mansoor , Ulness Darin J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNoisy light‐based Raman spectrograms are simulated to model a single Raman‐active mode with known spectroscopic parameters. Gaussian white noise is added to the spectrograms to mimic experimental data. Two‐dimensional slices of the χ2 surface for the simulated noisy spectrograms are calculated. From the minima of a number of these surfaces, the precision of the recovered spectroscopic parameters from simulated experimental data is obtained. Three different studies dealing with various aspects of the effects of noise on the recovered parameters are presented. The advantage of noisy light‐based Raman spectrograms in yielding exquisite precision, as suggested by previous work, is verified. Furthermore, the advantage of Raman spectrograms in yielding good precision even for poor signal‐to‐noise levels is quantified. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman scattering studies of the ZnSe/GaAs interface
Authors: Zhang X. B. , Tsoi H. L. , Ha K. L. , Hark S. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was used to study the band bending at the interface of ZnSe/GaAs hetero‐structures. A series of samples, which contained a ZnSe buffer layer, 0–35 nm thick, grown at a lower temperature than the much thicker ZnSe epilayer, by metal–organic chemical vapor phase deposition, were investigated. Compared with that of the GaAs substrate, an enhancement of the intensity of the LOGaAs phonon was found in samples grown without and with a thick (≥28 nm) buffer layer, but not in a sample grown with a 4 nm thick buffer layer. The enhancement is attributed to the electric field induced Raman scattering, resulted from a strong band bending on the GaAs side of the hetero‐structure. The results suggest that the direction of the interfacial electric field on the GaAs side will reverse with increasing buffer layer thickness. Between this reversal, a near flat band condition can be achieved, as was found in a sample grown with a 4 nm buffer layer. This suggestion is consistent with the concomitant improvement of the structure of the epilayer and of the interfacial quality of the hetero‐junction, which unpins the Fermi level and affects the band bending. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of mono‐oxo and polyoxo and of monomeric and polymeric vanadate, molybdate and tungstate species in metal oxide catalysts by IR and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Busca Guido 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe expected and experimental features of vanadate, molybdate and tungstate species observed in inorganic compounds of different structures are discussed. In particular, fourfold coordinated species (truly tetrahedral and distorted tetrahedral), isolated and polymeric mono‐oxo and dioxo metallyl species are discussed. On these bases, some of the data concerning surface species in oxide‐supported oxides are also considered. The need to perform both IR and Raman experiments and, if possible, 18O/16O exchange experiments is also emphasized. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brave new (paradoxical) world: structure and improvisation in virtual teams
Authors: da Cunha João Vieira , e Cunha Miguel Pina 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Global virtual teams require a different approach to management that brings together apparent opposites.
This approach is based on three principles that are more like a recipe than a blueprint.
Principle 1: Plan to remain flexible.
Principle 2: Rely on structure to promote initiative.
Principle 3: Use pressure to boost creativity.
These three principles have a broader implication. Most paradoxes in management can be integrated into syntheses.
Tumor p16M is a possible marker of advanced stage in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ng Calvin S.H. , Zhang Jun , Wan Song , Lee Tak Wai , Arifi Ahmed A. , Mok Tony , Lo Dennis Y.M. , Yim Anthony P.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene p16 by methylation (p16M) has been recognized recently as an important process in the oncogenesis for a variety of carcinomas. There have been few reports of its use in lung cancer. We investigate p16M in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methodsp16M in tumor, plasma, and pleural lavage fluid from patients with resectable NSCLC were investigated by using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOf the 33 patients studied, 14 (42%) had p16M tumors. There was a significant association between p16M tumors and advanced TNM staging (stage III or IV, P = 0.047, Fisher exact test). Circulating p16M was identified in 2 of the 14 patients with p16M tumor and was also associated with advanced TNM staging (P = 0.049). The presence of plasma p16M in NSCLC patients and in p16M tumor patients was associated with poor survival and shorter disease‐free survival (P = 0.0028, P = 0.0039, Kaplan‐Meier log rank). In addition, p16M was present in three preresectional and four postresectional lavage samples. Preresectional p16M was associated with poor survival and shorter disease‐free survival (P = 0.0085). p16M tumor involving the visceral pleura was significantly associated with positive p16M postresectional lavage.ConclusionsPositive tumor and plasma p16M indicate advanced staging in NSCLC. Patients with plasma and preresection pleural lavage p16M have shorter survival. Further research in this direction is warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:101–106. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy in predicting nodal status in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Sabel Michael S. , Zhang Paul , Barnwell John M. , Winston Janet S. , Hurd Thelma C. , Edge Stephen B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhile sentinel lymph node biopsy is considered by many to have replaced axillary node dissection in the management of breast cancer, concerns remain regarding false‐negative results.MethodsTo investigate the accuracy of sentinel node biopsy, we reexamined all sentinel and nonsentinel nodes with multilevel sectioning and immunohistochemical staining in 42 consecutive cases of breast cancer in which sentinel node biopsy was performed and followed by axillary dissection.ResultsBy routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, 34% of patients were found to be node positive, with no cases of false‐negative sentinel node biopsy. Reevaluation of 775 negative sentinel and nonsentinel nodes with an additional two levels and immunohistochemistry identified three “node‐negative” patients who had micrometastases in the sentinel node, increasing detection in 8% of cases. More important, is the fact however, that there were no cases where additional sections and immunohistochemistry identified metastases in nonsentinel nodes that had bypassed the sentinel node. The accuracy of the sentinel node in predicting the nodal status was 100%.ConclusionsCytokeratin immunohistochemistry will identify more patients with nodal micrometastases; however, it was unable to identify any cases where micrometastases were present in nonsentinel nodes when the sentinel node was negative. The status of the sentinel node accurately identifies the status of the axillary basin. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;77:243–246. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endovascular photodynamic therapy using mono‐L‐aspartyl‐chlorin e6 to inhibit Intimal hyperplasia in balloon‐injured rabbit arteries
Authors: Nagae Tsuneyuki , Aizawa Katsuo , Uchimura Norio , Tani Daisuke , Abe Mitsuhiro , Fujishima Kazuyuki , Wilson Samuel E. , Ishimaru Shin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIntimal hyperplasia (IH) leading to restenosis is a major complication of arterial revascularization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using mono‐L‐aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6) as a photosensitizer and intraluminal radial irradiation for inhibition of IH experimentally.Study Design/Materials and MethodsStudy of laser transmission through the blood indicated that exclusion of blood is a prerequisite for intraluminal PDT. For homogeneous radial laser irradiation to the vessel wall, we used a newly developed cylindrical diffusing balloon laser fiber. Injuries were induced by pulling a balloon catheter through the right iliac artery of rabbits. One and 6 hours after the NPe6 injection (5mg/kg i.v.), drug distribution was examined by fluorescence microscopy. Nineteen rabbits received NPe6 at the time of injuries and PDT was performed with 664‐nm laser at 30 and 10 J/cm2 (20, 30, 40 mW/cm2) 1 hour after the injuries. The arteries were harvested at 2 days. In a second group of rabbits, PDT was given at 30 mW/cm2 (30 J/cm2). Two weeks after treatment, the arteries were removed and examined histologically.ResultsNPe6 was found to be distributed selectively in the injured media. Endovascular NPe6‐PDT showed complete depletion of smooth muscle cells even with 10 J/cm2 at 2 days. IH was significantly inhibited at 14 days after PDT.ConclusionsEndovascular PDT of injured artery using NPe6 can prevent IH in this model of arterial wall injury and may become clinically useful for the prophylaxis of IH. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:381–388, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentrated autologous plasma protein: A biochemically neutral solder for tissue welding
Authors: Stewart Robert B. , Bleustein Clifford B. , Petratos Peter B. , Chin Katherine C. , Poppas Dix P. , Kung Robert T.V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveXenographic or allographic serum protein solders used for laser welding may have immunologic and/or pathogenic complications. The objective of these studies was to develop a safe, autologous solder.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFive methods of preparing concentrated autologous plasma protein solder (CAPPS) were evaluated. Next, the CAPPS was evaluated via (1) thermal denaturation studies using differential scanning calorimetry, (2) tissue welding studies to characterize both acute and healing properties.ResultsThe optimal concentration method to produce CAPPS rapidly was a dialysis method using chemical (osmotic) forces. The CAPPS showed similar denaturation profiles to serum albumin (SA) solders. Acutely, CAPPS provided comparable breaking strengths to SA solders. At 7 days, there was no significant difference in breaking strength or histology between 50% human SA solder and CAPPS (using a porcine skin model).ConclusionsThese studies demonstrate that the CAPPS system provides acceptable acute and chronic properties for laser welding. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:336–342, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A guide map to the terrain of gift value
Authors: Larsen Derek , Watson John J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article integrates a broad range of gift‐giving literature into a conceptual framework that puts the all too often overlooked construct of personal value at its core. Although there have been substantial contributions from the fields of anthropology, sociology, economics, and consumer behavior, efforts to model gift giving have failed to put the value of the gift‐giving experience at the center of the exchange. Within this article, a model of the gift‐giving experience that overcomes this critical shortcoming is proposed. The model establishes clear categories for breaking the giving process into easily examinable elements, and it is argued that although the concept of value is not a simple one, it should be central to any examination of the gift‐giving phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wingless‐type frizzled protein receptor signaling and its putative role in human colon cancer
Authors: Uthoff Sonja M. S. , Eichenberger M. Robert , McAuliffe Tracy L. , Hamilton Crystal J. , Galandiuk Susan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe wish to identify new candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of human colon cancer to better understand the diversity of phenotype presentation that varies from individual to individual. Our working hypothesis is that genetic polymorphism of genes in the Wingless‐type (Wnt) frizzled protein receptor pathway is associated with the susceptibility to develop colon cancer. The putative role of the Wnt pathway in sporadic human malignancy of the colon suggests involvement in inherited cancer as well. β‐catenin is the crucial messenger in frizzled receptor signaling, transmitting Wnt‐ligand signals such as signals from secreted apoptosis‐related proteins to the nucleus. It functions as a genome denunciator by initiating amplification of oncogenes. The net effect of β‐catenin depends on the magnitude of its accumulation in the cytoplasm and, therefore, upon expression profiles of genes in the Wnt pathway. We propose that variations in allelic frequencies of genes involved in the β‐catenin cascade may either promote or impede malignant transformation of the colon. If certain polymorphisms in Wnt signaling through β‐catenin predispose to colon cancer, this might manifest as decreased binding affinity of proteins such as axin or the adenomatous polyposis coli protein to β‐catenin. Association studies are proposed to test the hypothesis, which could serve as an initial step toward understanding the complexity of tumor biology. The clinical rationale in unraveling the genetic susceptibility to cancer lies in identification of a subgroup of individuals who may benefit from β‐catenin targeting agents, which could potentially overcome this genetic instability. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of munitions residues in sediment samples
Authors: Onuska Francis I. , El‐Shaarawi A. H. , Terry K. , Vieira Eny M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAccelerated solvent extraction (ASE) has been compared with a Soxhlet extraction for extracting and estimating the concentration of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐s‐triazine (RDX) and octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) in sediment samples. Extraction of RDX and HMX was studied in terms of process kinetics and recovery. A three factor, 16 run triplicate experimental design was used to generate data on each of two extraction solvents, acetonitrile and a mixture of acetone–methanol (1:1). Response surface methods were used to model the dependence of the concentration on the experimental conditions and to establish the optimum extraction conditions. The results were complex in that several interactions were found among analyte, method, and solvent. Acetonitrile was superior to acetone–methanol for RDX and HMX from the perspectives of kinetics and recovery, due in part to a much higher solubility. The accelerated solvent extraction generally recovered more than the Soxhlet. In terms of sample throughput, the accelerated solvent extraction offers advantages over the Soxhlet. A spike recovery study using fortified sediment yielded complete recoveries of HMX and RDX. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 54–61, 2001
Hemichorea, moya‐moya, and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Shanahan P. , Hutchinson M. , Bohan A. , O' Donoghue D. , Sheahan K. , Owens A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is a case report linking chorea, colitis, and moya‐moya. The clear involvement in the vasculopathy of the basal ganglia offers an obvious substrate for the movement disorder.
Non‐standard Stokes and Navier–Stokes problems: existence and regularity in stationary case
Authors: Bernard J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper is devoted to Stokes and Navier–Stokes problems with non‐standard boundary conditions: we consider, in particular, the case where the pressure is given on a part of the boundary. These problems were studied by Bégue, Conca, Murat and Pironneau. They proved the existence of variational solutions, indicating that these were solutions of the initial non‐standard problems, if they are regular enough, but without specifying the conditions on the data which would imply this regularity. In this paper, first we show that the variational solutions, on supposing pressure on the boundary Γ2 of regularity H1/2 instead of H−1/2, have their Laplacians in L2 and, therefore, are solutions of non‐standard Stokes problem. Next, we give a result of regularity H2, which we generalize, obtaining regularities Wm, r, m∈ℕ, m⩾2, r⩾2. Finally, by a fixed‐point argument, we prove analogous results for the Navier–Stokes problem, in the case where the viscosity νis large compared to the data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modelling of drug resistant malaria parasites and vector populations
Authors: Aneke S. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the phenomenon of drug resistant malaria infection in a hyperendemic region by a system of ordinary differential equations models. Different situations on both vectors and humans are described. The first presentations deal with single population each for both humans and vectors (with the human population fixed). These models are without resistant strains. The second group of models deal with both resistant and sensitive strains. Our focus in analysing the models is on establishing a unique positive asymptotic equilibrium for each of them. It is shown that (under suitable conditions in most cases) the equilibrium points are (locally) asymptotically stable. The biological significance of each of these points emerges as a by‐product. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐turn contrawound toroidal helix antenna
Authors: Hansen R. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe two‐turn CWTHA is analyzed from a small diameter that allows constant current, through the third resonance. Around the third resonance, and around the first resonance and below, the bandwidth is much less than 1%. The very low (or very high) values of resistance make matching difficult and lossy. At the second resonance the resistance is modest, but the rapid change of reactance limits the bandwidth to a few percent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 251–252, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10289
On the computing algorithms of the hybrid FEM/MLFMA
Authors: Sheng Xin‐Qing , Yung Edward Kai‐Ning 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral computing algorithms of the hybrid FEM/MLFMA, the conventional algorithm (CA), the direct–iterative decomposition algorithm (DIDA), and a new one, the iterative–iterative decomposition algorithm (IIDA), are described in this Letter. The required computing resources of these three algorithms are compared analytically and numerically. Several important numerical features of these algorithms are pointed out and confirmed. Criteria are given for the choice of computing algorithms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 265–268, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10293
Simultaneous suppression of IMD2 and IMD3 in analog electroabsorption modulation
Authors: Sohn Sung‐Il , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA linearized optical modulation scheme using a dual parallel electroabsorption modulator (EAM) and an RF 180° hybrid junction is proposed. The IMD2 generated by each EAM is suppressed by controlling the dc bias voltage of the EAM, and the IMD3 is suppressed by having a proper input optical power split ratio and an RF 180° hybrid junction. Reductions of both the IMD2 and the IMD3 at the same operation voltage were achieved, and a subsequent SFDR enhancement of 29 dB was obtained. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 373–376, 2001.
Explicit formulas for obtaining the radiation characteristics of an antenna based on a three‐dimensional metallic photonic bandgap structure
Authors: He Sailing , Popov Mikhail , Qiu Min , Liao Zhigang , Simovski Constantin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn antenna based on a three‐dimensional metallic photonic bandgap (MPBG) structure consisting of many parallel metallic short wires is considered. An explicit method is introduced to calculate the radiation pattern for such an antenna system. The explicit method is verified numerically by comparing the results obtained by the finite‐difference time‐domain method. The present method improves the computation speed significantly. A genetic algorithm is used to make an optimal design for such a 3‐D MPBG structure‐based antenna. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 376–381, 2001.
Infrared microstrip dipole antennas—FDTD predictions versus experiment
Authors: Codreanu Iulian , Boreman Glenn D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on the successful use of niobium microbolometers coupled to microstrip dipole antennas for the detection of midinfrared radiation. Measurements of the detector response versus antenna length performed at the 10.6 μm wavelength allowed us to identify the first three current‐wave resonances along the antenna arms. The detector response was also measured as a function of the radiation wavelength in the 9–11 μm spectral domain. Excellent agreement between the experimental results and finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) predictions was obtained. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 381–383, 2001.
Metastatic Ewing sarcoma/PNET of bone at diagnosis: Prognostic factors—a report from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jenkin R. Derek , Al‐Fawaz Ibrahim , Al‐Shabanah Mohammed O. , Allam Ayman , Ayas Mouhab , Memon Muhammad , Rifai Samira , Schultz Henrik P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate outcome and prognostic factors in Saudi Arabian patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma and PNET of bone (PMES) at diagnosis.ProcedureNinety‐nine of 304 (33%) consecutive patients with Ewing sarcoma and PNET of bone registered at our centre from 1975 to 1998, had metastatic disease at registration and 93 were available for analysis. The maximum x‐axis diameter of the primary tumor was used as the measure of primary tumor size. Usually a trial of systemic treatment was undertaken before a decision was made on local treatment. Standard chemotherapy regimens were used in all treated patients. Forty‐one (44%) patients did not receive radical local treatment due to an inadequate response to chemotherapy, or a decision not to undertake more than palliative treatment. Radical treatment of the primary site was radiation alone 41 (79%), resection alone 7 (13%), and resection and radiation 4 (8%).ResultsThe 5‐year survival rates were 9% for all 93 evaluable patients, 16% for 52 patients who received chemotherapy and radical local treatment, 0% for 41 patients who received lesser treatment, 19% for 43 patients with lung metastases alone, and 0% (P = 0.002) for 50 patients with other sites involved. For 60 patients with imaging data, 5‐year survivals were 34 and 0% when the maximum transverse diameter of the primary tumor was < 10 cm (N = 20) and ≥ 10 cm (N = 40), respectively.ConclusionsSmall primary tumor size and the presence of lung metastases alone were the only significant favorable prognostic factors. Earlier diagnosis will be the basis for better results. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:383–389. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1H and 13C NMR study of 2‐hydroxyglutaric acid and its lactone
Authors: Bal Dominika , Gryff‐Keller Adam 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDetermination of the level and absolute configuration of 2‐hydroxyglutaric acid in a patient's urine is a method of diagnosing two metabolic diseases. Such a determination can be done with the aid of NMR spectroscopic methods. In this paper the careful interpretation of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of this metabolite and its lactone measured under conditions used in biomedical assays is reported. The 1H chemical shifts and spin–spin coupling constants were derived using the total lineshape analysis method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.