bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology and economics of electric vehicle power transfer: insights for the automotive industry
Authors: Ghatikar Girish , Alam Mohammad S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBattery-based electric vehicles (BEVs) in the United States (U.S.) set a new sales record in 2022, driven by technology, policy, environmental, and economic objectives. However, the rapid deployment of BEVs and charging infrastructure without a careful review of their integration with the electric grid can have negative economic impacts on reliable and resilient electricity supply. Bi-directional power transfer (Bi-Di) vehicle-grid integration technologies and services such as vehicle-to-home or building (V2H/B) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) can potentially lower local and system peak demand, improve economics for grid operators, and benefit BEV customers. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the automotive industry are exploring technologies and economics (techno-economics) for Bi-Di services. The study conducted a literature review of eleven case studies in the U.S. and Europe that featured Bi-Di demonstrations from 2005 to 2022 to highlight insights and techno-economic opportunities and challenges for OEMs. The findings should motivate the OEMs to prioritize technology innovation and business models to increase BEV sales and gain continuous revenue from Bi-Di services, which can potentially transition "car makers" to "technology solution" companies.
Curriculum content mapping of the Chinese National Biology Curriculum Standards for middle school: an analysis from the OECD Education 2030 perspective
Authors: Lin Shan , Wang Jian , Li Xiaorong , Tang Xingdong , Sun Chang , Tan Mingxia , Luo Tian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurriculum standards are a critical component of a nation’s educational system and directly impact talent development and overall national development. Most studies on curriculum standards focus on a single competency. This study aims to understand the extent to which the competencies outlined in the OECD 2030-oriented learning framework are reflected in China’s compulsory education biology curriculum as a whole and within individual content subjects. In this study, we conducted a content analysis of China’s National Biology Curriculum Standards (Grades 7–9). The result shows that the standards cover 20 of the 28 competencies, focusing on foundational literacies, transformative competencies and competency development. We found that certain competencies, such as Action, Literacy, and Problem-solving, were emphasized across content subjects, while other competencies were uniquely emphasized within specific content subjects. This study provides a comprehensive view of China’s National Biology Curriculum Standards (Grades 7–9) from the perspective of future literacy development and can inform efforts to reform the curriculum.
Aloperine targets lysosomes to inhibit late autophagy and induces cell death through apoptosis and paraptosis in glioblastoma
Authors: Tang Ting , Liang Hui , Wei Wuting , Han Yanling , Cao Liang , Cong Zixiang , Luo Shiqiao , Wang Handong , Zhou Meng-Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive intracranial tumour, and current chemotherapy regimens have limited efficacy. Aloperine (ALO), a natural alkaline compound, has shown potential as an antitumor agent. However, the effect of ALO against GBM remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of ALO in treating GBM. U87, A172, and GL261 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments, and GL261 was also used to establish in vivo models. The results showed that ALO inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagy was found to play a critical role, suggested by observation of autophagosomes under the transmission electron microscopy. It was discovered for the first time that ALO targeted lysosomes directly in glioma cells, tested by fluo-rescence-labelled ALO and organelle-localizing probes. In addition, ALO inhibited late autophagy and induced paraptosis in GBM, verified by classical gene expression changes in qPCR and western blotting. Also, ALO inhibited tumour growth and acted synergistically with temozolomide in intracranial glioma mice models in vivo. Our findings suggest that ALO targets lysosomes to inhibit late autophagy in GBM, inducing cell cycle arrest, paraptosis, and apoptosis. ALO may therefore be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of GBM.
Decomposition of Differentials in Health Expectancies From Multistate Life Tables: A Research Note
Authors: Shen Tianyu , Riffe Tim , Payne Collin F. , Canudas-Romo Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Multistate modeling is a commonly used method to compute healthy life expectancy. However, there is currently no analytical method to decompose the components of differentials in summary measures calculated from multistate models. In this research note, we propose a derivative-based method to decompose the differentials in population-based health expectancies estimated via a multistate model into two main components: the proportion resulting from differences in initial health structure and the proportion resulting from differences in health transitions. We illustrate the method using data on activities of daily living from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study to decompose the sex differential in disability-free life expectancy (HLE) among older Americans. Our results suggest that the sex gap in HLE results primarily from differences in transition rates between disability states rather than from the initial health distribution of female and male populations. The methods introduced here will enable researchers, including those working in fields other than health, to decompose the relative contribution of initial population structure and transition probabilities to differences in state-specific life expectancies from multistate models.
Hemimegalencephaly: A Systematic Comparison of Functional and Anatomic Hemispherectomy for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Goel Keshav , Ghadiyaram Ashwin , Krishnakumar Asha , Morden Frances T. C. , Higashihara Tate J. , Harris William B. , Shlobin Nathan A. , Wang Andrew , Karunungan Krystal , Dubey Anwesha , Phillips H. Westley , Weil Alexander G. , Fallah Aria 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare diffuse malformation of cortical development characterized by unihemispheric hypertrophy, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), hemiparesis, and developmental delay. Definitive treatment for HME-related DRE is hemispheric surgery through either anatomic (AH) or functional hemispherectomy (FH). This individual patient data meta-analysis assessed seizure outcomes of AH and FH for HME with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, predictors of Engel I, and efficacy of different FH approaches.

METHODS:
PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched from inception to Jan 13th, 2023, for primary literature reporting seizure outcomes in >3 patients with HME receiving AH or FH. Demographics, neurophysiology findings, and Engel outcome at the last follow-up were extracted. Postsurgical seizure outcomes were compared through 2-tailed t-test and Fisher exact test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of Engel I outcome.

RESULTS:
Data from 145 patients were extracted from 26 studies, of which 89 underwent FH (22 vertical, 33 lateral), 47 underwent AH, and 9 received an unspecified hemispherectomy with a median last follow-up of 44.0 months (FH cohort) and 45.0 months (AH cohort). Cohorts were similar in preoperative characteristics and at the last follow-up; 77% (n = 66) of the FH cohort and 81% (n = 38) and of the AH cohort were Engel I. On multivariate analysis, only the presence of bilateral ictal electroencephalography abnormalities (hazard ratio = 11.5; P = .002) was significantly associated with faster time-to-seizure recurrence. A number-needed-to-treat analysis to prevent 1 additional case of posthemispherectomy hydrocephalus reveals that FH, compared with AH, was 3. There was no statistical significance for any differences in time-to-seizure recurrence between lateral and vertical FH approaches (hazard ratio = 2.59; P = .101).

CONCLUSION:
We show that hemispheric surgery is a highly effective treatment for HME-related DRE. Unilateral ictal electroencephalography changes and using the FH approach as initial surgical management may result in better outcomes due to significantly lower posthemispherectomy hydrocephalus probability. However, larger HME registries are needed to further delineate the predictors of seizure outcomes.
Utility of Decremental Triggered Electromyogram for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring to Identify Midline in Posterior Myelotomy for Spinal Cord Intramedullary Lesions: Technical Note of a Novel Method
Authors: Motiei-Langroudi Rouzbeh , Ekanem Uduak-Obong 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Intramedullary spinal cord lesions are eloquent lesions that are surgically resected via posterior midline myelotomy (PMM). This treatment method carries the risk of postoperative neurological deficits. Various intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques have been used to address this concern. Our study aimed to highlight a newly developed monitoring technique (decremental-triggered electromyogram [dtEMG]) as a novel method to identify the spinal cord midline during PMM.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
Seven patients in prone position underwent PMM for an intramedullary lesion using dtEMG for neuromonitoring. dtEMG was used to determine the threshold amplitude (ie, the lowest amplitude to elicit an EMG response) as well as a silent zone, which was determined to be the midline. The age range was 26–73 years. dtEMG detected a silent zone in 6/7 patients. The only patient in whom dtEMG was not useful was a patient with complete paraplegia and sensory loss before surgery. There were no motor evoked or somatosensory evoked potential changes related to PMM in these patients.

DISCUSSION:
Although the commonly used neuromonitoring techniques, including motor and sensory evoked potentials and free-run electromyograms are of utmost importance in spinal cord surgery, they lack the potential to identify midline in such cases. The currently available tools, including dorsal column mapping, are more cumbersome to use.

CONCLUSION:
The newly proposed dtEMG technique can safely and efficiently identify the midline when used as an intraoperative neuromonitoring technique in PMM for spinal cord intramedullary lesion resection.
Anatomic Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Infratemporal Fossa Approach to the Jugular Foramen
Authors: Dornhoffer James R. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Peris-Celda Maria , Leonel Luciano C. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a complex region bounded by the temporal bone, maxilla, sphenoid, pterygoid plates, and mandibular ramus. Containing a high density of neurovascular and musculoskeletal structures, the ITF can house a number of pathologies, and access is challenging. The ITF approach and its variations can be challenging due to complex anatomy and unfamiliarity by many surgeons. The objective of this study was to present a step-by-step 3-dimensional anatomic dissection for the classic Fisch Type A and modified ITF approach from the surgeon's perspective.

METHODS:
Six sides of 3 formalin-fixed latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification (JRD and AMN). Standard Fisch Type A and modified ITF approaches were performed on contralateral sides of each specimen. Representative high-quality 3-dimensional photography was performed for each key step.

RESULTS:
The ITF approach affords excellent access to the posterior ITF and jugular foramen. Modifications to this approach include preservation of the ear canal and limiting facial nerve transposition, thus limiting morbidity while generally still providing sufficient access to key anatomic structures.

CONCLUSION:
The ITF approach provides access to the lateral skull base for jugular foramen paraganglioma and other lesions. Modifications of the classic Fisch Type A technique can be used to access pathologies in this region without sacrificing conductive hearing or facial nerve function. Three dimensional operatively oriented neuroanatomy dissections provide surgeons with a valuable resource for learning this complex surgical approach.
Surgical Characteristics of Intracranial Biopsy Using a Frameless Stereotactic Robotic Platform: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Kreatsoulas Daniel C , Vignolles-Jeong Joshua , Ambreen Yamenah , Damante Mark , Akhter Asad , Lonser Russell R. , Elder J. Bradley 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Cranial robotics are a burgeoning field of neurosurgery. To date, all cranial robotic systems described have been computerized, arm-based instruments that take up significant space in the operating room. The Medtronic Stealth Autoguide robot has a smaller operating room footprint and offers multiaxial, frame-based surgical targeting. The authors set out to define the surgical characteristics of a novel robotic platform for brain biopsy in a large patient cohort.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy using the Stealth Autoguide cranial robotic platform from July 2020 to March 2023 were included in this study. Clinical, surgical, and histological data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS:
Ninety-six consecutive patients (50 female, 46 male) were included. The mean age at biopsy was 53.7 ± 18.0 years. The mean target depth was 68.2 ± 15.3 mm. The biopsy diagnostic tissue acquisition rate was 100%. The mean time from incision to biopsy tissue acquisition was 15.4 ± 9.9 minutes. Target lesions were located throughout the brain: in the frontal lobe (n = 32, 33.3%), parietal lobe (n = 21, 21.9%), temporal lobe (n = 22, 22.9%), deep brain nuclei/thalamus (n = 13, 13.5%), cerebellum (n = 7, 7.3%), and brainstem (n = 1, 1.0%). Most cases were gliomas (n = 75, 78.2%). Patients were discharged home on postoperative day 0 or 1 in 62.5% of cases. A total of 7 patients developed postoperative complications (7.2%).

CONCLUSION:
This cranial robotic platform can be used for efficient, safe, and accurate cranial biopsies that allow for reliable diagnosis of intracranial pathology in a minimally invasive setting.
Startup Acquisitions as a Hiring Strategy: Turnover Differences Between Acquired and Regular Hires
Authors: Kim J. Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Prior studies suggest that acquisitions can increase employee turnover. However, acquired workers are technically new hires, who are generally prone to turnover. Therefore, it is important to benchmark acquired workers against other new hires in the organization. One view suggests that compared with regular hires who select their employer based on a mutual vetting process, acquired workers can experience a poor fit with their new employer (e.g., culture clash), resulting in elevated rates of turnover. Meanwhile, as acquisitions represent a bundle of assets, acquired workers can possess complementarities accumulated with the target firm that reinforce worker–employer fit and thus their retention prospects. Using population-level data from the United States, I find empirical support for both perspectives. Acquired workers from startups exhibit significantly higher turnover rates than regular hires. Moreover, in conditions under which acquired workers’ complementarities are more likely to be preserved—specifically, individuals with longer prior tenure, teams in which the founders remain intact, and target organizations that are structurally separated rather than integrated into the acquirer—I find reduced turnover differences for acquired workers relative to regular hires. Together, these results elucidate whether and when firms can harness human capital through startup acquisitions (“acqui-hiring”). Funding: This research was funded in part by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0026 .
A STUDY OF POST-OP HEMIARTHROPLASTY DISLOCATIONS AT A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Raghu Aashish , Kapilan Monisha , Sahae Ishita , Tai Stephen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground1. 63,284 patients presented with neck of femur fractures in England in 2020 (NHFD report 2021)2. To maximise theatre efficiency during the first wave of COVID-19, NHSE guidance recommended the use of HA for most patients requiring arthroplasty.3. The literature reports an incidence of Hemiarthroplasty dislocations of 1–15%.Aims1. To study the number and possible causes of dislocations in patients with Primary hemiarthroplasty for fracture neck of femur2. To compare our data with national and international data in terms of dislocation and revision rates for Hemiarthroplasty.MethodsRetrospective study Duration- 1st April 2021–31st March 20223. Inclusion criteria- Patients with neck of femur fracture treated with Hemiarthroplasty. Exclusion criteria- Patients treated with other surgical options for neck of femur fracturesResults1. No. of neck of femur patients- 4442. No. of patients treated with Hemiarthroplasty- 2143. No. of dislocations- 44. 75% were female, 75% had AMTS>7, 50% were operated within 36 hours of trauma, 75% dislocated within a month of surgery, 75% of the dislocations were revised. 5. One dislocation was due to >72 hour delay to surgery, second dislocation was due to smaller offset and shortening, third was due to acetabular dysplasia, fourth was due to larger head used. Discussion-1. Our 1.86% dislocation rate matches that in the literature of 1–6%2. 75% dislocated within a month of surgery matches that in the literature that maximum dislocations occur within one month. 3. Closed reduction as definitive method of management of dislocation 25% matches that in the literature of 22–25%4. 75% dislocations revised similar to literature of 75–80% revision rate.ConclusionPre-operative templating can reduce surgical error involving limb length discrepancy and shortening to prevent dislocationsDeclaration of Interest(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
QUANTIFICATION OF ERROR IN THE MANUAL SEGMENTATION OF ANKLE CT SCANS
Authors: Youssef Abdallah , Pegg Elise , Gulati Aashish , Mangwani Jitendra , Brockett Claire , Mondal Subrata 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe fidelity of a 3D model created using image segmentation must be precisely quantified and evaluated for the model to be trusted for use in subsequent biomechanical studies such as finite element analysis. The bones within the ankle joint vary significantly in size and shape. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the accuracy and reliability of a segmented bone geometry is independent of the particular bone being measured.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) scan data (slice thickness 1 mm, pixel size 808±7 µm) from three anonymous patients was used for the development of the ankle geometries (consisting of the tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones) using Simpleware Scan IP software (Synopsys, Exeter, UK). Each CT scan was segmented 4 times by an inexperienced undergraduate, resulting in a total of 12 geometry assemblies. An experienced researcher segmented each scan once, and this was used as the ‘gold standard’ to quantify the accuracy. The solid bone geometries were imported into CAD software (Inventor 2023, Autodesk, CA, USA) for measurement of the surface area and volume of each bone, and the distances between bones (tibia to talus, talus to navicular, talus to calcaneus, and tibia to fibula) were carried out. The intra-class coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intra-observer reliability. Bland Altman plots were employed as a statistical measure for criteria validity (accuracy) [1].ResultsThe average ICC score was 0.93, which is regarded as a high reliability score for an inexperienced user. The talus to navicular and talus to tibia separations, which had the smallest distances, showed a slight decrease in reliability and this was observed for all separations shorter than 2 mm. According to the Bland-Altman plots, more than 95% of the data points were inside the borders of agreement, which is an excellent indication of accuracy. The bias percentage (average error percentage) varied between 1% and 4% and was constant across all parameters, with the proportion rising for short distance separations.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that an inexperienced undergraduate, with access to software manuals, can segment an ankle CT scan with excellent reliability. The present study also concluded that all five bones were segmented with high levels of accuracy, and this was not influenced by bone volume or type. The only factor found to influence the reliability was the magnitude of distance between bones, where if this was smaller than 2 mm it reduced the reliability, indicating the influence of CT scan resolution on the segmentation reliability.Declaration of Interest(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.