bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral gene expression profiles in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Xiang Wei , Windl Otto , Westner Ingo M. , Neumann Manuela , Zerr Inga , Lederer Rosa M. , Kretzschmar Hans A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe pathomechanism of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) in the central nervous system is insufficiently understood. The aims of this study were to identify differentially regulated genes in the frontal cortex of sCJD and to profile the gene expression patterns in sCJD by using Affymetrix HGU133A microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The microarray data were generated by dChip and analyzed by Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) software. A comparison between control and sCJD samples identified 79 upregulated and 275 downregulated genes, which showed at least 1.5‐ and 2‐fold changes, respectively, in sCJD frontal cortex, with an estimated false discovery rate of 5% or less. The major alterations in sCJD brains included upregulation of the genes encoding immune and stress‐response factors and elements involved in cell death and cell cycle, as well as prominent downregulation of genes encoding synaptic proteins. A comparison of the molecular subtypes of sCJD showed various expression patterns associated with particular subtypes. The range of the upregulated genes and the degree of the increased expression appeared to be correlated with the degree of the neuropathological alterations in particular subtypes. Conspicuously, sCJD brains showed a great similarity with ageing human brains, both in the global expression patterns and in the identified differentially expressed genes. Ann Neurol 2005;58:242–257
Manganese porphyrin given at symptom onset markedly extends survival of ALS mice
Authors: Crow John P. , Calingasan Noel Y. , Chen Junyu , Hill Julie Lynch , Beal M. Flint 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMice that overexpress the human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase‐1 mutant G93A develop a delayed and progressive motor neuron disease similar to human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Most current studies of therapeutics in these mice to date have involved administration of agents long before onset of symptoms, which cannot currently be accomplished in human ALS patients. We examined the effects of the manganese porphyrin AEOL 10150 (manganese [III] tetrakis[N‐N′‐diethylimidazolium‐2‐yl]porphyrin) given at symptom onset and found, in three separate studies, that it extended the survival after onset up to 3.0‐fold. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord for SMI‐32, an abundant protein in motor neurons, indicated better preservation of motor neuron architecture, less astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and markedly less nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde in porphyrin‐treated spinal cords relative to vehicle‐treated mice. These results show that the catalytic antioxidant AEOL 10150 provides a pronounced therapeutic benefit with onset administration and is, therefore, a promising agent for the treatment of ALS. Ann Neurol 2005;58:258–265
Adult‐onset ataxia and polyneuropathy caused by mitochondrial 8993T→C mutation
Authors: Rantamäki Maria T. , Soini Heidi K. , Finnilä Saara M. , Majamaa Kari , Udd Bjarne 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe 8993T→C mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described previously to be associated with infantile‐ or childhood‐onset phenotypes, ranging from Leigh's syndrome to neurogenic weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa syndrome. We report a kindred with adult‐onset slowly progressive ataxia and polyneuropathy and with the heteroplasmic 8993T→C mutation. Our findings suggest that the 8993T→C mtDNA mutation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nondominant adult‐onset ataxia and axonal neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2005;58:337–340
Sickle cell disease: Ischemia and seizures
Authors: Prengler Mara , Pavlakis Steven G. , Boyd Stewart , Connelly Alan , Calamante Fernando , Chong W. K. , Saunders Dawn , Cox Timothy , Bynevelt Michael , Lane Roderick , Laverty Aidan , Kirkham Fenella J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAlthough the prevalence of seizures in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is 10 times that of the general population, there are few prospectively collected data on mechanism. With transcranial Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography, we evaluated 76 patients with sickle cell disease, 29 asymptomatic and 47 with neurological complications (seizures, stroke, transient ischemic attack, learning difficulty, headaches, or abnormal transcranial Doppler), who also underwent bolus‐tracking perfusion MRI. The six patients with recent seizures also had electroencephalography. Group comparisons (seizure, nonseizure, and asymptomatic) indicated that abnormal transcranial Doppler was more common in the seizure (4/6; 67%) and nonseizure (26/41; 63%) groups than in the asymptomatic (10/29; 34%) group (χ2;p= 0.045), but abnormal structural MRI (χ2;p= 0.7) or magnetic resonance angiography (χ2;p= 0.2) were not.Relativedecreased cerebral perfusion was found in all seizure patients and in 16 of 32 of the remaining patients with successful perfusion MRI (p= 0.03). In the seizure patients, the perfusion abnormalities in five were ipsilateral to electroencephalographic abnormalities; one had normal electroencephalogram results. These findings suggest that vasculopathy and focal hypoperfusion may be factors in the development of sickle cell disease–associated seizures. Ann Neurol 2005;58:290–302
Noisy vestibular stimulation improves autonomic and motor responsiveness in central neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiharu , Struzik Zbigniew R. , Soma Rika , Ohashi Kyoko , Kwak Shin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe vestibular nerves are known to influence neuronal circuits in the medullary cardiovascular areas and, through the cerebellar vermis, the basal ganglia and the limbic system. By means of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), it might be possible to ameliorate blunted responsiveness of degenerated neuronal circuits of patients with multi system atrophy or Parkinson's disease, or both. We evaluated the effect of 24‐hour noisy GVS on long‐term heart rate dynamics in 7 patients with multi system atrophy and on daytime trunk activity dynamics in 12 patients with either levodopa‐responsive Parkinson's disease or levodopa‐unresponsive parkinsonism. Six of the latter patients were also examined for cognitive performance by means of a continuous performance test. Short‐range or high‐frequency fluctuations of heart rate were significantly increased by the noisy GVS compared with sham stimulation, suggestive of improved autonomic, especially parasympathetic, responsiveness. Long‐range antipersistency of trunk activity patterns probed by an autocorrelation measure was significantly increased by the noisy GVS, suggestive of quickening of bradykinesic rest‐to‐active transitions. The mean reaction time of the continuous performance test was also significantly decreased by the noisy GVS, without significant changes in either the omission or commission error ratios, which is suggestive of improved motor execution during the cognitive task. In conclusion, the noisy GVS is effective in boosting the neurodegenerative brains of patients with multi system atrophy or Parkinson's disease, or both, including those unresponsive to standard levodopa therapy; it is also effective in improving these patients' autonomic and motor responsiveness. Ann Neurol 2005;58:175–181
Antibacterial activity of chitosan–alginate sponges incorporating silver sulfadiazine: Effect of ladder‐loop transition of interpolyelectrolyte complex and ionic crosslinking on the antibiotic release
Authors: Yu Shu‐Huei , Mi Fwu‐Long , Wu Yu‐Bey , Peng Chih‐Kang , Shyu Shin‐Shing , Huang Rong‐Nan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHydrogel membranes prepared from polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) have been used for repair of wounds and controlled antibacterial release. A simple method, based on homogenizing interpolyelectrolyte complex, has been developed to prepare a chitosan–alginate sponge with high stability. The spongelike chitosan–alginate hydrogel can be used as a wound dressing for the sustained release of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) in a controlled way. In this study, we evaluated the effect of electrolyteic properties of chitosan and alginate on the characteristics of the prepared chitosan–alginate PEC. All types of the spongelike chitosan–alginate hydrogels exhibited superabsorbent properties. However, only the chitosan–alginate hydrogel prepared by the interpolyelectrolyte complex of alginate with low pH of chitosan, and that prepared by the interpolyelectrolyte complex of chitosan with high pH of alginate, can keep their stability after swelling in PBS solution. FTIR analysis suggests that the protonated amino groups on chitosan and the ionized carboxylic groups on alginate should be responsible for the formation of a stable ladder‐type of chitosan–alginate PEC. Ionic crosslinking is helpful to increase the stability of the loop‐type of chitosan–alginate PEC. The release of AgSD from chitosan–alginate PEC sponges could be controlled by the variation of ladder‐loop structural transition of chitosan–alginate PEC and the ionic crosslinking of the chitosan–alginate complex. The antibacterial ability of AgSD‐incorporated PEC sponges was examined in agar plate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The result suggests that the PEC sponges containing antimicrobial agents should effectively suppress bacterial proliferation to protect the wound from bacterial invasion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 538–549, 2005
Physics and kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CDPET) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)–modified CDPET polymers: Effects of dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt/PEG content and the number‐average molecular weight of the PEG
Authors: Hsiao Kai‐Jen , Kuo Jen‐Liang , Tang Jing‐Wen , Chen Lien‐Tai 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis study investigated the physics and kinetics of three cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CDPET) and four polyethylene glycol (PEG)–modified cationic dyeable PET (PEG‐modified CDPET) polymers using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, the density gradient method, gel permeation chromatography, a rheometer, and statistical regression analysis. The molar ratios of dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (SIPM) for three CDPET polymers were 2, 6, and 10%, respectively. For four PEG‐modified CDPET polymers, with molar ratios of SIPM of 2%, the PEG content and the number‐average molecular weights (Mn) of PEG were 3/6 (wt %) and 400/2000 (g/mol), respectively. Experimental results revealed that the crystallinities of CDPET and PEG‐modified CDPET polymers declined as the SIPM and PEG contents increased. The crystallinity of the PEG400–CDPET polymer exceeded that of the PEG2000–CDPET polymer with the same SIPM and PEG contents. The SIPM and PEG segments did not change the original PET unit cell. The SO3Na functional group and the PEG molecules gathered only on the crystal surface and in the amorphous regions. In the kinetic equation of the alkaline hydrolysis of PET, CDPET, and PEG‐modified CDPET polymers, β equals 1. Furthermore, the R2 of the kinetic equation for α from 1.09 to 1.25 was better than that of α = 1. The rate constants of alkaline hydrolysis were in the order CDPET‐10 > CDPET‐6 > PEG2000‐6‐CDPET‐2 > PEG2000‐3‐CDPET‐2 > PEG400‐6‐CDPET‐2 > PEG400‐3‐CDPET‐2 > CDPET‐2 > PET. Clearly, the rate constant of the alkaline hydrolysis of CDPET and PEG‐modified CDPET polymers increased with SIPM/PEG content and the Mn of the PEG increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 550–556, 2005
Comparison and evaluation of the thermooxidative stability of medical natural rubber latex products prepared with a sulfur vulcanization system and a peroxide vulcanization system
Authors: Chen Mei , Ao Ning‐Jian , Zhang Bei‐Long , Den Chun‐Mei , Qian Hong‐Lian , Zhou Hui‐Ling 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis article deals with our study of the thermooxidative degradation of medical natural rubber latex tubes prepared with sulfur‐prevulcanized latex (sample I) and peroxide‐prevulcanized latex (sample II) in a dynamic air atmosphere by the use of the thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry method as well as the evaluation of the thermooxidative stability of these two samples. The test results showed that an oxygen‐absorption mass‐gain process occurred after a slight mass loss; the mass‐gain rate decreased with an increase in the temperature rising rate (β), and this was more prominent in sample II than in sample I. The maximum mass‐gain rate of sample II was 1.43% when β was 5°C/min, which was 5.02 times that of sample I; the thermooxidative stability of sample II was also lower than that of sample I. Because the oxygen absorption of sample II clearly caused serious oxidation, the balanced initial temperature, the temperature of the balanced degradation peak, and the balanced final temperature of sample II in the first reaction stage were obviously lower than those of sample I. The apparent activation energy (Eo = 143.6 kJ/mol) of sample I was significantly higher than that of sample II, and the stability of sample I was also higher than that of sample II. The temperature of the balanced degradation peak of sample II in the second reaction stage was higher than that of sample I, and Eo (154.0 kJ/mol) of sample II was significantly higher than that of sample I; the stability of sample II was also higher. Thermogravimetry curves of the two samples at various β values intercrossed each other, and the temperature at the crosspoint and the degradation rate increased linearly as β increased. On the temperature segment from the initial temperature to the crosspoint, the degradation rate of sample II was higher than that of sample I when the temperature of the two samples was the same, but on the segment from the crosspoint to the final temperature, the degradation rate of sample II was lower than that of sample I when the temperature of the two samples was the same. The degradation rate of the samples at 600°C was 99.2–99.5%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 591–597, 2005
Binding of chlorpheniramine maleate to pharmacologically important alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, κ‐carageenan, and ι‐carrageenan as studied by diafiltration
Authors: Moreno‐Villoslada Ignacio , Oyarzún Felipe , Miranda Víctor , Hess Susan , Rivas Bernabé L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe binding of cationic chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) to the anionic water‐soluble polymers (WSPs) alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, κ‐carageenan, and ι‐carageenan was evaluated by diafiltration at pH 7.5 and in the absence and presence of 0.13M NaCl. CPM interacted with all of the WSPs when no NaCl was present in the solution, with charge‐related formation constants of around 700 M−1 for all of the polymers, whereas the interactions were cleaved in the presence of 0.13M NaCl, indicating interactions of an electrostatic nature screened by the single electrolyte. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 598–602, 2005
Short beam three point bend tests in syntactic foams. Part I: Microscopic characterization of the failure zones
Authors: Kishore  , Shankar Ravi , Sankaran S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractScanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies were carried out on the failure surface of syntactic foam material tested in a short beam three point bend test (SBT) by employing 21 × 15 × 3 mm3 dimension bearing specimens. The syntactic foams were fabricated using glass microballoons in epoxy binder. The failure of the tensile, compression, and shear dominated regions were studied by SEM at different magnifications. The tensile region had characteristic features, such as partial debonding of the microballoons from the matrix and cracking of glass microballoons, apart from matrix cracking and some river pattern features. The compression side was characterized by crushing and collapsing of microballoons, resulting in accumulation of debris with no apparent river pattern for matrix‐rich regions. The midway positions of the SBT failed surface comprised of deformation bands in the matrix and occasional debonding of microballoons. The morphology recorded in the tensile and compression regions corroborated well with the results obtained on these foam samples in those specimens that were subjected to pure uniaxial tension and compression, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 673–679, 2005
Short‐beam three‐point bend tests in syntactic foams. Part II: Effect of microballoons content on shear strength
Authors: Kishore  , Shankar Ravi , Sankaran S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEpoxy binders containing microballoons ranging from 38.5 to 57.7% by volume were cast in a mold and cured, and the resulting slabs were sectioned to yield short‐beam test coupons. The strength changes with microballoons content were noted. These reveal an increase from 3.87 to 5.79 MPa for a decrease in microballoons content from 57.7 to 38.5%. Mechanical data were correlated with fractographic features employing scanning electron microscope. The failure features involving the microballoons and interface regions are highlighted in this article. The works show the existence of a dependence of strength parameters on the inter‐microballoon distances. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 680–686, 2005
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the selective costimulation modulator abatacept: Twelve‐month results of a phase iib, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Kremer Joel M. , Dougados Maxime , Emery Paul , Durez Patrick , Sibilia Jean , Shergy William , Steinfeld Serge , Tindall Elizabeth , Becker Jean‐Claude , Li Tracy , Nuamah Isaac F. , Aranda Richard , Moreland Larry W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the clinical efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of abatacept (CTLA‐4Ig), a selective costimulation modulator, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that has remained active despite methotrexate (MTX) therapy.MethodsThis was a 12‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. A total of 339 patients with active RA despite MTX therapy were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg/kg abatacept (n = 115), 2 mg/kg abatacept (n = 105), or placebo (n = 119). This report focuses on the results observed at month 12 of a phase IIb trial.ResultsA significantly greater percentage of patients treated with 10 mg/kg abatacept met the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (achieved an ACR20 response) at 1 year compared with patients who received placebo (62.6% versus 36.1%; P < 0.001). Greater percentages of patients treated with 10 mg/kg abatacept also achieved ACR50 responses (41.7% versus 20.2%; P < 0.001) and ACR70 responses (20.9% versus 7.6%; P = 0.003) compared with patients who received placebo. For patients treated with 10 mg/kg abatacept, there were also statistically significant and clinically important improvements in modified Health Assessment Questionnaire scores compared with patients who received placebo (49.6% versus 27.7%; P < 0.001). Abatacept at a dosage of 10 mg/kg elicited an increase in rates of remission (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints of <2.6) compared with placebo at 1 year (34.8% versus 10.1%; P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the groups, and no significant formation of neutralizing antibodies was noted.ConclusionAbatacept was associated with significant reductions in disease activity and improvements in physical function that were maintained over the course of 12 months in patients with RA that had remained active despite MTX treatment. Abatacept was found to be well tolerated and safe over the course of 1 year. Abatacept in combination with MTX has the potential to play an important role in future RA therapy.
The smallest detectable difference and sensitivity to change of magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic scoring of structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis finger, wrist, and toe joints: A comparison of the omeract rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score applied to different joint combinations and the sharp/van der heijde radiographic score
Authors: Ejbjerg Bo Jannik , Vestergaard Aage , Jacobsen Søren , Thomsen Henrik S. , ØStergaard Mikkel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches and radiographic evaluation according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method with respect to sensitivity to change in joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThirty‐five RA patients and 9 healthy controls underwent MRI and radiography on 2 occasions 1 year apart. Conventional radiographs of the hands, wrists, and forefeet were evaluated according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method. MRIs of unilateral wrist and second through fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (“few‐joints approach”) and of bilateral wrist and MCP joints plus unilateral metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints (“many‐joints approach”) were assessed for bone erosions according to the scoring system recommended by the OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials) group. The smallest detectable differences (SDDs) of the radiography and MRI scores were computed based on reevaluation of one‐third of the study population.ResultsProgressive joint destruction, i.e., an increase in score after the followup period, was observed more frequently with the MRI “many‐joints approach” (30 subjects) and “few‐joints approach” (25 subjects) than with the Sharp/van der Heijde radiographic method (9 subjects) (P < 0.001 by chi‐square analysis). No significant difference between the MRI approaches was observed. When only subjects with a change greater than the SDD were considered, progression was revealed with the MRI “many‐joints approach,” the MRI “few‐joints approach,” and radiography in 15, 13, and 5 RA subjects, respectively. With both MRI approaches, significantly more subjects with progression were detected than were detected by radiography (P < 0.05).ConclusionMRI, regardless of whether it covers unilateral wrist and MCP joints or bilateral wrist and MCP joints plus unilateral MTP joints, is significantly superior to radiography of the hands, wrists, and forefeet with respect to detection of progressive joint destruction in RA.