bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple mechanisms of rhabdom shedding in the lateral eye of Limulus polyphemus
Authors: Sacunas Robert B. , Papuga M. Owen , Malone Michael A. , Pearson Anthony C. , Marjanovic Milos , Stroope Darrell G. , Weiner William W. , Chamberlain Steven C. , Battelle Barbara‐Anne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRhabdom shedding in horseshoe crab lateral eye photoreceptors was studied with anti‐opsin and anti‐arrestin immunocytochemistry. Two, possibly three, distinct shedding mechanisms were revealed in animals maintained in natural lighting. Transient rhabdom shedding, triggered by dawn, is a brief, synchronous event that removes up to 10% of the rhabdom membrane. Whorls of rhabdomeral membrane break into vesicles and form compact multivesicular bodies. These debris particles are immunoreactive for opsin and are of a relatively uniform size, averaging approximately 2 μm2 in area. Transient shedding requires that input from circadian efferent fibers to the retina precedes the light trigger, and cutting the optic nerve blocks efferent input and transient shedding. Light‐driven rhabdom shedding is a progressive process. Rhabdomeral membrane is removed by coated vesicles that accumulate into loosely packed multivesicular bodies. These debris particles label with antibodies directed against opsin, arrestin, and adaptin, and they have a large distribution of sizes, averaging almost 6 μm2 in area and ranging up to 25 μm2 or more. The amount of rhabdomeral membrane removed by light‐driven shedding has seasonal variation and depends on latitude. Light‐driven shedding does not require circadian efferent input. A possible third shedding mechanism, light‐independent shedding, is observed when transient shedding is blocked either by 48 hours of darkness or by cutting the optic nerve. Small particles, averaging 1.8 μm2 in area, exhibiting opsin but not arrestin immunoreactivity can then be found in the cytoplasm surrounding the rhabdom. The nature of light‐independent shedding is not yet clear. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:26–42, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine and nitric oxide control both flickering and steady‐light–induced cone contraction and horizontal cell spinule formation in the teleost (carp) retina: Serial interaction of dopamine and nitric oxide
Authors: Haamedi Sakineh N. , Djamgoz Mustafa B.A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdaptation to ambient light, which is an important characteristic of the vertebrate visual system, involves cellular and subcellular (synaptic) plasticity of the retina. The present study investigated dopamine (DA) and nitric oxide (NO) as possible neurochemical modulators controlling cone photomechanical movements (PMMs) and horizontal cell (HC) spinules in relation to steady and flickering light adaptation in the carp retina. Haloperidol (HAL; a nonspecific DA receptor blocker) or cPTIO (a NO scavenger) largely inhibited the cone PMMs and HC spinule formation induced by either steady or flickering light. These results suggested that both DA and NO could be involved in the light‐adaptation changes induced by either pattern of input and that DA and NO effects may not be completely independent. The possibility that NO and DA interact serially was evaluated pharmacologically by cross‐antagonist application (i.e., DA + cPTIO or NO + HAL). When a NO donor was coapplied with HAL to dark‐adapted eyecups, normal light‐adaptive cone PMMs and HC spinules occurred. In contrast, when DA was applied in the presence of cPTIO, the dark‐adapted state persisted. It was concluded 1) that DA and NO are both light‐adaptive neurochemicals, released in the retina during either steady or flickering light; 2) that the effects of DA and NO on light‐adaptive cone PMMs and HC spinules do not occur in parallel; and 3) that NO and DA act mainly in series, specifically as follows: Light → DA → NO → Cone PMMs + HC spinules. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:120–128, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of intraglomerular dendritic tufts of mitral cells and their contacts with olfactory nerve terminals and calbindin‐immunoreactive type 2 periglomerular neurons
Authors: Kosaka Katsuko , Aika Yusuke , Toida Kazunori , Kosaka Toshio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntraglomerular dendritic tufts of Golgi‐impregnated and biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)‐labeled mitral cells in the rat main olfactory bulb were analyzed in detail. In particular, the relationships of BDA‐labeled tufts with olfactory nerve (ON) terminals and processes of calbindin D‐28K‐immunoreactive (CB‐IR) cells were investigated with confocal laser‐scanning light microscopic (CLSM) and electron microscopic (EM) analyses. CB‐IR cells were type 2 periglomerular cells that restricted their processes in the ON‐free (non‐ON) zone of the glomerulus and received few synapses from ON terminals. The mitral tufts varied in complexity, but individual branches were rather simple, smooth processes that bore some branchlets and spines and extended more or less in a straight line or a gentle curve rather than winding tortuously within glomeruli as though they did not consider the compartmental organization, which consisted of ON and non‐ON zones that interdigitated in a complex manner with one another. Conventional EM analysis revealed that both thin and thick, presumed proximal branches of mitral/tufted cell dendritic tufts received asymmetrical synapses from ON terminals. Correlated CLSM‐EM analysis confirmed direct contacts between the BDA‐ and CB‐labeled processes detected in the CLSM examinations, and synapses were recognized at some of those sites. Furthermore, ON terminals and CB‐IR processes were distributed on both proximal and distal dendritic branches in a more or less mosaic pattern. These findings revealed that, on the mitral dendritic tufts, ON terminals and processes of type 2 periglomerular neurons were not clearly segregated proximodistally but, rather, were arranged in a mosaic pattern, which may be important in fine tuning the output from individual glomeruli. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:219–235, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innervation of the heart and aorta of Manduca sexta
Authors: Davis Norman T. , Dulcis Davide , Hildebrand John G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInnervation of the heart and aorta of Manduca sexta was studied by using anatomic, neuronal tracing and immunocytochemical techniques. The study was undertaken to provide a foundation for investigating the neural mechanisms controlling cardiac reversal in adults. Lateral cardiac nerves were not found in the larval or adult heart. The larval heart and aorta seem to lack innervation, but a neurohemal system for the release of a cardioactive peptide is associated with the larval alary muscles. At adult metamorphosis, this neurohemal system regresses, and, at the same time, processes grow onto the anterior aorta. These processes seem to be neurohemal and originate from two pairs of neurosecretory cells located in the subesophageal ganglion. This system is immunoreactive to cardioactive peptides and may function, therefore, in hormonal modulation of the activity of the adult heart. Also during metamorphosis, synaptic innervation develops on the terminal heart chamber, and this innervation is from axons extending through the seventh and eighth dorsal nerves of the terminal abdominal ganglion. These axons originate from cells that have been identified as serial homologs of motor neuron‐1 of other abdominal ganglia. These neurons are immunoreactive to a cardioactive peptide, and this peptide probably modulates the synaptic innervation of the terminal heart chamber. During metamorphosis, the target of the motor neurons‐1 of the seventh and eighth segments becomes respecified from larval skeletal muscles to the terminal chamber of the adult heart. J. Comp. Neurol. 4406:245–260, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An example of facade colour design of mass housing
Authors: Ünver Rengin , Dokuzer Öztürk Leyla 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe colours and architectural characteristics of building facades are the major factors affecting the general appearance of cities. When cities are examined from various perspectives, first impressions are obtained from the geometrical forms and facade colours of buildings. The facade colour arrangements should reflect the features of the region and buildings. In this context various features of natural and artificial environments such as plant life, water elements, climate, and historical texture should be examined, and a facade colour arrangement should be designed according to the examination results. In addition, the other factors effective in determining the colour and style of a building, such as social‐cultural background of the society and traditional and natural building materials, should not be forgotten because in some regions traditional buildings with special construction styles, materials, and colours create a specific identity for the settlements and cities. The aims of this article are to elucidate the colour contrast, colour arrangement, and colour design stages of mass housing and to explain the colour design of Bizimkent Mass Housing, which was constructed in a new dwelling zone in Istanbul, Turkey, as an example of such an arrangement. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 291–299, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10068
Parallel visualization of gigabyte datasets in GeoFEM
Authors: Fujishiro Issei , Chen Li , Takeshima Yuriko , Nakamura Hiroko , Suzuki Yasuko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn initial overview of parallel visualization in the GeoFEM software system is provided. Our visualization subsystem offers many kinds of parallel visualization methods for the users to visualize their huge finite‐element analysis datasets for scalar, vector and/or tensor fields at a reasonable cost. A polygonal simplification scheme is developed to make the transmission and rendition of output graphic primitives more efficient. A salient feature of the subsystem lies in its capability in the automatic setting of visualization parameter values based on the analysis of scalar/flow field topology and volumetric coherence, to improve the quality of visualization results with a minimized number of batch re‐executions. Representative experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of our subsystem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel iterative solvers for unstructured grids using a directive/MPI hybrid programming model for the GeoFEM platform on SMP cluster architectures
Authors: Nakajima Kengo , Okuda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient parallel iterative method for unstructured grids developed by the authors for shared memory symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) cluster architectures on the GeoFEM platform is presented. The method is based on a three‐level hybrid parallel programming model, including message passing for inter‐SMP node communication, loop directives for intra‐SMP node parallelization and vectorization for each processing element (PE). Simple 3D elastic linear problems with more than $10^8$ degrees of freedom have been solved by $3\times3$ block ICCG(0) with additive Schwarz domain decomposition and PDJDS/CM‐RCM reordering on 16 SMP nodes of a Hitachi SR8000 parallel computer, achieving a performance of 20 Gflops. The PDJDS/CM‐RCM reordering method provides excellent vector and parallel performance in SMP nodes, and is essential for parallelization of forward/backward substitution in IC/ILU factorization with global data dependency. The method developed was also tested on an NEC SX‐4 and attained 969 Mflops (48.5% of peak performance) using a single processor. The additive Schwarz domain decomposition method provides robustness for the GeoFEM parallel iterative solvers with localized preconditioning. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confidence in psychodiagnosis: what makes us so sure?
Authors: Smith J. David , Dumont Frank 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWhen psychologists are asked to estimate the probability that their clinical judgments are correct, they often reveal an overconfidence effect. In an effort to identify sources of unwarranted confidence in clinical judgment, this study examined the relationship between four different inferential biases (dispositionism, confirmationism, data‐search truncation, and narrow problem construal) and diagnostic confidence in the context of a psychological assessment task. Thirty‐six clinicians were individually presented a written client case‐file to read and clinically interpret aloud. Analyses of participants' verbal protocols revealed that dispositionism alone accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in psychodiagnostic confidence scores. These results indicate that dispositionally‐driven assessments tend to be expressed with the highest levels of confidence. The roles that professional psychology and psychology in general play in propagating this bias are considered. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytomorphologic features of papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the parotid
Authors: Kapila Kusum , Verma Kusum 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fine‐needle aspiration cytology findings in four cases of recently classified cystadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland are reported. In three cases a recurrent tumor was aspirated. Smear preparations in all four cases were cellular, with numerous papillary projections, single cells, and sheets of cells in varying proportion in a proteinaceous to mucoid background. The background mucin was in varying proportions. The cells were cuboidal to tall columnar with basal nuclei and mild pleomorphism. The cytoplasm was dense in three cases with variable amounts of mucin. In one case (Case 4) the epithelial cells resembled mucin‐secreting goblet cells, while in another case (Case 1) the cytoplasm showed multiple vacuolations. Mitosis was rare. Lymphoid tissue was seen in one case while macrophages and giant cells were seen in two cases. Epidermoid differentiation was absent in all four cases. Pathologic evaluation of the resected tumor confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. Clinical and radiologic evaluation failed to reveal any other potential primary site. Papillary cystadenocarcinomas of the parotid are rare but can be accurately diagnosed on FNAC. However, they need to be differentiated from mucoepidermoid and papillary acinic cell tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:392–397. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunolocalization of glucose transporter 1 and 3 in the placenta: Application to cytodiagnosis of Papanicolaou smear
Authors: Sato Misako , Nakamura Yasushi , Sogawa Tukumi , Yang Qifeng , Taniguchi Takeshi , Taniguchi Emiko , Kagiya Tomoko , Nakamura Misa , Mori Ichiro , Kakudo Kennichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA positive immunostaining for glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was exclusively localized in microvilli on the free surface of syncytiotrophoblasts in the placenta. An enhanced immunoreaction for glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) was elicited in the cell membrane of intermediate trophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts. Neither GLUT1 nor GLUT3 was positive in decidual cells and epithelial components from cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Cervicovaginal smears from six pregnant women containing atypical cells of unknown origin were subjected to immunocytochemical testing with antibodies against GLUT1 and GLUT3. Atypical cells in smears from two pregnant women were found to be positive for GLUT3 while no specific immunoreaction for GLUT1 was elicited, indicating their origin from either intermediate trophoblasts or cytotrophoblasts. Through the use of antibodies against vimentin and cytokeratin 17, GLUT3‐negative atypical cells were further sorted into decidual cells and epithelial components from cervical dysplasia, respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:373–379. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of recurrent granulosa cell tumor: Case report with differential diagnosis and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Ylagan Lourdes R. , Middleton William D. , Dehner Louis P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a case of an adult‐type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary which was diagnosed in a 20‐yr‐old woman. After a 21‐yr disease‐free interval, she developed a pelvic recurrence, followed by a splenic metastasis and, more recently, omental masses. This report is concerned with the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of the granulosa cell tumor in the latter site and corroboration of the interpretation by immunocytochemistry. Only one previous case is similar to the present one documenting the role of immunocytochemistry in the evaluation of suspected metastatic granulosa cell tumor. The cytopathologic features of metastatic granular cell tumor have been described in a limited number of previous reports. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:38–41. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses, calcium channel agonist‐antagonist modulation effects, and nitric oxide release studies of [3‐(Benzenesulfonyl)furoxan‐4‐yloxy]alkyl 1,4‐Dihydro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐5‐nitro‐4‐(2‐trifluoromethylphenyl, benzofurazan‐4‐yl, 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐pyridyl)‐3‐pyridinecarboxylates
Authors: Vo Dean , Nguyen Jeffrey‐Tri , McEwen Carol‐Anne , Shan Rudong , Knaus Edward E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA group of racemic 1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐5‐nitro‐3‐pyridinecarboxylates possessing either a C‐4 2‐trifluoromethylphenyl (22–24), benzofurazan‐4‐yl (42–44), 2‐pyridyl (45–47), 3‐pyridyl (48–50), or 4‐pyridyl (51–53), substituent in conjunction with a nitric oxide donor C‐3 ester [3‐(benzenesulfonyl)furoxan‐4‐yloxy]alkyl substituent were synthesized using modified Hantzsch reactions. Compounds 45–53 having a C‐4 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐pyridyl substituent exhibited more potent in vitro calcium channel antagonist activity (IC50's in the 0.46 to 5.23 μM range) on guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle (GPILSM) than related analogs having a C‐4 2‐trilfuoromethylphenyl (22–24) or benzofurazan‐4‐yl (42, 44) substituent (IC50 ≥ 29.91 mM). The point of attachment of the pyridyl ring (2‐, 3‐, or 4‐), and the length of the C‐3 ester alkyl spacer [‐CH2(CH2)n, n=1–3], were not determinants of smooth muscle calcium channel antagonist activity. Replacement of the C‐3 ester methyl substituent of Bay K 8644, or the ester isopropyl substituent of the 4‐(pyridyl) isomers 4a‐c by a [3‐(benzensulfonyl)furoxan‐4‐yloxy]alkyl moiety retained the desired calcium channel agonist (positive inotropic) effect on guinea pig left atrium (GPLA). Compounds having C‐4 3‐pyridyl (48–50), or 4‐pyridyl (51–53), substituents were the most potent cardiac positive inotropes (EC50's in the 3.02 to 19.74 μM range) relative to the reference drug Bay K 8644 IC50=0.77 μM). The % nitric oxide released in vitro in the presence of L‐cysteine for this group of compounds was higher (36–74% range) than for the reference drug glycerol trinitrate (20%). A quantitative structure‐activity analysis showed an inverse correlation between a molecular weight (MW) descriptor and % nitric oxide released. Model hybrid (calcium channel modulation, nitric oxide donor) compounds that show dual cardioselective agonist (positive inotropic)/smooth muscle selective antagonist activities constitute a novel type of 1,4‐dihydropyridine calcium channel modulator that provides a potential drug design concept targeted toward the treatment of congestive heart failure, and is a useful probe to study the structure‐function relationship of calcium channels. Drug. Dev. Res. 56:1–16, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EEG asymmetry, power, and temperament in children
Authors: McManis Mark H. , Kagan Jerome , Snidman Nancy C. , Woodward Sue A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMeasures of EEG spectral power, lateral asymmetry in the frontal and parietal areas, and social behavior with an examiner were analyzed on 166 children, 10 to 12 years old, who were participating in a longitudinal study of the temperamental contributions to social behavior. Loss of 8‐ to 13‐Hz power (alpha band) on the right, compared with the left, frontal area (right frontal active) was most prevalent among children who were classified as high reactive at 4 months and were highly fearful at 14 and 21 months. Second, greater frontal power in the 14‐ to 30‐Hz band (beta) at rest was correlated with the tendency to be right frontal active. Finally, spontaneous talkativeness with an unfamiliar examiner was associated with right frontal activation and high alpha power for boys, but with right frontal activation and high beta power for girls. Right frontal activation is most characteristic of children who begin life with a temperamental bias favoring high reactivity and who develop a fearful reaction to unfamiliar events in the second year of life. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 41: 169–177, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10053
Expression, gene regulation, and roles of Fisp12/CTGF in developing tooth germs
Authors: Shimo Tsuyoshi , Wu Changshan , Billings Paul C. , Piddington Ronald , Rosenbloom Joel , Pacifici Maurizio , Koyama Eiki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOdontogenesis involves multiple events, including tissue–tissue interactions, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms of regulation are far from clear. Because Fisp12/CTGF is a signaling protein involved in similar events in other systems, we asked whether it is expressed in developing tooth germs and what roles it may have. Indeed, Fisp12/CTGF transcripts were first expressed by dental laminas, invaginating epithelium, and condensing mesenchyme at the bud stage, and then became abundant in enamel knot and preameloblasts. Fisp12/CTGF was present not only in inner dental epithelium but also in stratum intermedium and underlying dental mesenchyme. Fisp12/CTGF expression decreased markedly in secreting ameloblasts. Tissue reconstitution experiments showed that Fisp12/CTGF expression in dental epithelium required interaction with mesenchyme but was maintained by treatment of epithelium with transforming growth factor‐1, a factor regulating Fisp12/CTGF expression in other systems, or with bone morphogenetic protein‐2. Loss‐of‐function studies using CTGF neutralizing antibodies revealed that interference with endogenous factor action in tooth germ explants led to a severe inhibition of proliferation in both epithelium and mesenchyme and a marked delay in cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Treatment of dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells in culture with recombinant CTGF stimulated cell proliferation, whereas treatment with neutralizing antibodies inhibited it. The data demonstrate for the first time that Fisp12/CTGF is expressed during odontogenesis. Expression is confined to specific sites and times, is regulated by epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and critical soluble factors, and appears to be needed for proliferation and differentiation along both ameloblast and odontoblast cell lineages. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac looping in experimental conditions: Effects of extraembryonic forces
Authors: Voronov Dmitry A. , Taber Larry A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe chick embryo is a popular experimental model used to study the mechanisms of cardiac looping. To facilitate oxygen transport, researchers typically culture the embryo on the surface of the medium. Such preparations, however, expose the embryo and the heart to surface tension that is not present in ovo. This study investigates the influence that surface and extraembryonic membrane tensions have on looping morphology. To eliminate surface tension, we developed a technique in which the embryo is cultured under a thin layer of fluid. To eliminate membrane tension, the membrane was removed. Our results show that both tensions can affect looping, with surface tension potentially having a much greater effect. Moreover, we show that surface tension can alter results in one classic looping experiment. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.