bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voice-activated personal assistants and privacy concerns: a Twitter analysis
Authors: Alzate Miriam , Arce Urriza Marta , Cortiñas Monica 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study aims to understand the extent of privacy concerns regarding voice-activated personal assistants (VAPAs) on Twitter. It investigates three key areas: (1) the effect of privacy-related press coverage on public sentiment and discussion volume; (2) the comparative negativity of privacy-focused conversations versus general conversations; and (3) the specific privacy-related topics that arise most frequently and their impact on sentiment and discussion volume.Design/methodology/approachA dataset of 441,427 tweets mentioning Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021 were collected. Privacy-related press coverage has also been monitored. Sentiment analysis was conducted using the dictionary-based software LIWC and VADER, whereas text mining packages in R were used to identify privacy-related issues.FindingsNegative privacy-related news significantly increases both negativity and volume in Twitter conversations, whereas positive news only boosts volume. Privacy-related tweets were notably more negative than general tweets. Specific keywords were found to either increase or decrease the sentiment and discussion volume. Additionally, a temporal evolution in sentiment, with general attitudes toward VAPAs becoming more positive, but privacy-specific discussions becoming more negative was observed.Originality/valueThis research augments the existing online privacy literature by employing text mining methodologies to gauge consumer sentiments regarding privacy concerns linked to VAPAs, a topic currently underexplored. Furthermore, this research uniquely integrates established theories from privacy calculus and social contract theory to deepen our analysis.
Establishing outcome‐driven vital signs ranges for children in the prehospital setting
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Horvat Christopher M. , Macy Michelle L. , Cash Rebecca E. , Sepanski Robert J. , Martin‐Gill Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundVital signs are frequently used in pediatric prehospital assessments and guide protocol utilization. Common pediatric vital sign classification criteria identify >80% of children in the prehospital setting as having abnormal vital signs, though few receive lifesaving interventions (LSIs). We sought to identify data‐driven thresholds for abnormal vital signs by evaluating their association with prehospital LSIs.MethodsWe evaluated prehospital care records for children (<18 years) transported to the hospital during 2022 from a large, national repository of emergency medical services (EMS) patient encounters. Predictors of interest were heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulse oximetry. HR, RR, and SBP were converted to Z‐scores using age‐based distributional models. Our outcome was potential LSIs, defined as performance of selected respiratory procedures, resuscitative interventions, or medication administrations. Using cut point analysis, we identified higher specificity (maximal specificity with a minimum of 25% sensitivity) and higher sensitivity (maximal sensitivity with a minimum of 25% specificity) ranges for each vital sign and evaluated measures of diagnostic accuracy.ResultsWe included 987,515 children (median age 10 years, IQR 2–15 years). An LSI occurred in 4.3% (2.1% with respiratory procedures, 1.2% with resuscitative interventions, and 2.0% with medication administration). HR, RR, and SBP demonstrated a U‐shaped association with LSIs. Specificities ranged from 84.1% to 93.7% for higher specificity criteria, with RR demonstrating the best performance (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 27.0%). Sensitivities ranged from 62.3% to 84.4% for higher sensitivity criteria.ConclusionsCut points for pediatric vital signs were associated with LSIs. Specific age‐adjusted ranges can identify children at higher and lower risk for receipt of LSI. These ranges may be combined with other objective measures to improve the assessment of children in the prehospital setting, assist in optimizing protocol utilization, improve transport decision making, and guide destination selection.
Development and validation of Join Clinical Trial Questionnaire (JoinCT)
Authors: Tan Shirin Hui , King Teck Long , Tan Shirley Siang Ning , Lai Wei Hong , Bujang Mohamad Adam , Voon Pei Jye 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimParticipant recruitment has always been a major challenge in clinical trials. This study aimed to develop and validate the Join Clinical Trial Questionnaire (JoinCT), exploring the willingness to join a clinical trial and associated factors in patients.MethodsThis questionnaire development study involved four phases: (i) exploring and understanding the subject matter, (ii) questionnaire development, (iii) content validity testing, and lastly, (iv) field‐testing of the questionnaire. For the field‐testing phase, a cross‐sectional self‐administered survey of JoinCT was conducted among cancer patients with various socio‐demographic backgrounds and medical conditions. Besides content validity, Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency of domains, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the model fit of the JoinCT framework.ResultsA total of 389 respondents participated in the survey. Based on the results obtained from a field data collection phase, JoinCT consisted of four independent variables domains, namely “knowledge”, “perception of benefits”, “perception of risks”, and “confidence”. The only dependent variable was the willingness to participate in a clinical trial. The minimum Cronbach's alpha was 0.937, and the model fit for the overall framework of JoinCT is also excellent with Comparative Fit Index (> 0.90), root mean square error approximation (< 0.08), and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (< 0.08).ConclusionsThe Join Clinical Trial Questionnaire (JoinCT) was successfully validated with excellent reliability and validity, and a good model fit. The main factors that contribute to willingness to participate in clinical trials are knowledge, perception of benefits, perception of risks, and confidence.
Methotrexate therapy for adult and paediatric moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: A PRISMA‐compliant meta‐analysis of data from daily practice
Authors: Wang Qiaohong , Chen Liheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOf the 15 eligible studies identified via electronic searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL in November 2022 for methotrexate therapy of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis, 12 were non‐randomized controlled trial (non‐RCT) studies with data from 437 patients (235 adults and 202 children). The response rates for short‐term therapy were 77% [95% CI 55‐99] (four studies; adults) – comparable to 81% [54‐100] of RCTs (two studies; adults) (p = 0.63) – and 61% [43‐79] (two studies; children), and for medium/long‐term therapy were 88.9% [74.3‐100.0] (four studies; adults) and 77.7% [61.5–94.0] (three studies; children). Children had a markedly lower rate of treatment discontinuation due to side effects [2.0% (five studies; children) vs. 14.9% (six studies; adults)], but were more likely to experience gastrointestinal disorders {relative risk (RR) 2.0 [1.44‐2.71]}, fatigue (RR 2.3 [1.35‐3.72]), headache (RR 2.8 [1.23‐5.61]), and infections (RR 2.9 [2.18‐3.58]). Other adverse events (children vs. adults) included hepatic disorders (32/176 vs. 35/305) and blood and lymphatic system/bone marrow disorders (25/148 vs. 19/184). Four serious adverse events were reported (children). Evidence from daily practice was limited by bias in the selection of participants in the study.
Attitudes and values towards decisions at the margin of viability among expectant mothers at risk for preterm birth
Authors: Arnold Christine , Inthorn Julia , Roth Benjamin , Matheisl Daniel , Tippmann Susanne , Mildenberger Eva , Kidszun André 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore how expectant mothers at risk for preterm birth would like to be involved in decision‐making at the margin of viability and what they would base their decisions on.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study included a mixed‐methods post‐hoc analysis alongside a previously reported randomised clinical trial. Expectant mothers between 280/7 and 366/7 weeks' gestation who were hospitalised for risk of preterm birth responded to written case vignettes of an impending preterm birth at the margin of viability. Participants responded to closed and open‐ended questions that were theoretically coded for attitudes and values towards shared decision‐making.ResultsSixty‐four expectant mothers were included in the analysis, 36 provided written perspectives. Decision‐making was perceived as an enormous burden and a potential source of guilt and regret. Weighing personal values in terms of ‘fighting for the baby’ and ‘quality of life’ were used to inform the decision‐making process. Explicitly stating that any decision is a good decision, empowerment through co‐constructing shared decisions rather than simply presenting choices, sharing the clinicians' personal views, and honest, and empathetic counselling were perceived as supportive.ConclusionMothers at risk for preterm birth provided specific insights into their decision‐making patterns that may be helpful to clinicians.
Sperm retrieval rate and patient factors in azoospermia factor c microdeletion azoospermia: a systematic review
Authors: Jiao Zhong‐Yu , Li Mao‐Ran , Zhuo Lin , Fang Yang‐Yi , Pan Jia‐Yuan , Hong Kai 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo reveal the overall sperm retrieval rate (SRR) and range in patients with azoospermia factor c (AZFc) microdeletion azoospermia by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) and discuss the differences of preoperative patient factors among studies with various SRRs.Patients and MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase until February 2023. All studies reporting SRRs by mTESE and required parameters of patients with AZFc microdeletions were included. The primary outcome was the SRR and, if available, the pregnancy rate (PR) and live‐birth rate (LBR) after intracytoplasmic sperm injection were also investigated as secondary outcomes.ResultsEventually 11 cohort studies were included in this review. A total number of 441 patients underwent mTESE and in 275 of them sperm was obtained, reaching an overall SRR of 62.4%. The SRRs among studies had a wide range from 25.0% to 85.7%. The studies reporting higher SRRs generally had older mean ages, and higher follicle‐stimulating hormone and testosterone levels. Only four studies provided practical data on pregnancies and live‐born children of patients with AZFc microdeletions, so the overall PR and LBR were unavailable.ConclusionsThe overall SRR of patients with AZFc microdeletion azoospermia was 62.4%. The effect of patient factors in SR needs further evidence in future work.
Magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy in biopsy‐naïve patients and the risk of overtreatment in prostate cancer: a grading issue
Authors: Jabbour Teddy , Peltier Alexandre , Rocq Laureen , Sirtaine Nicolas , Lefebvre Yolène , Bourgeno Henri , Baudewyns Arthur , Roumeguère Thierry , Diamand Romain 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of applying the 2014 and 2019 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) recommendations on grade group distribution and concordance with radical prostatectomy (RP).Materials and MethodsOverall, 655 biopsy‐naïve patients diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeted and systematic biopsies for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score ≥3 lesions were identified from a prospectively maintained database from 2016 and 2022. Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 249 patients, of whom 69 underwent RP. Wilcoxon signed rank and McNemar's tests were used to compare the ISUP grade group distribution and concordance with RP after applying the 2014 (i.e., highest grade) and 2019 (i.e., global grade) ISUP recommendations, respectively.ResultsCompared to the 2014 ISUP recommendations, the 2019 ISUP recommendations were associated with a significant decrease in ISUP Grade Group 4 (range of difference from −13% to −5%) and an increase in ISUP Grade Group 2 (range of difference from +6% to +11%) in MRI targeted biopsy only, MRI targeted with perilesional biopsies, and MRI targeted with systematic biopsies (all P < 0.01). In patients who underwent RP, a significant decrease in downgrading was observed with all biopsy strategies (range of difference from −19% to −12%; P ≤ 0.008), along with an increase in concordance with RP specimen (range of difference from +12% to +13%; P ≤ 0.02). The use of the 2019 ISUP recommendation was associated with RP specimen a lower treatment burden.ConclusionsThe use of the 2019 ISUP recommendations mitigates the grade migration induced by MRI targeted biopsy and improves the concordance with the final RP specimen.
What is the value of biotic seed dispersal in post‐fire forest regeneration?
Authors: Benedicto‐Royuela José , Costa José Miguel , Heleno Ruben , Silva Joaquim S. , Freitas Helena , Lopes Pedro , Mendes Sara Beatriz , Timóteo Sérgio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWorld forests face many threats, including wildfires, with tremendous ecological, social, and economic implications. Mediterranean ecosystems have evolved in the presence of fire, but changes to fire regimes associated with other global changes pose new challenges to postfire community regeneration. Forest regeneration largely depends on plant adaptations to survive wildfires or on the recolonization of burnt areas through seed dispersal. However, the value of the service provided by wild animals to postfire forest regeneration remains unevaluated. Here, we estimate the economic value of the biotic seed dispersal service in postfire restoration in Portugal. We combine budgeted costs of governmental Emergency Stabilisation Reports with network analysis that estimates the dependency of the Portuguese flora on biotic seed dispersal and on alternative fire regeneration strategies. Replacing the services provided by seed dispersers during postfire regeneration of Portuguese forests would cost 23,061,621€/year, highlighting the need for integrative policies that promote resilient forests.
An evaluation of the license to save lives program to promote organ, eye, and tissue donation among teenagers
Authors: Quick Brian L. , Morrow Ethan , Bigman Cabral A. , Reynolds‐Tylus Tobias , Williamson Lillie D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs the number of designated organ donors continues to lag behind the number of waiting list patients, teenagers remain a promising demographic of potential organ donors. The current study enlisted Michigan and Ohio driver education students to participate in an online digital learning intervention, License to Save Lives (LTSL). Students were randomly assigned to either an interactive or noninteractive LTSL intervention. Across both states, the pretest‐posttest design revealed greater knowledge among students following exposure to either the interactive or noninteractive LTSL program. No attitudinal or behavioral differences emerged between the interactive and noninteractive conditions. Michigan (39.82%) and Ohio (58.10%) students registered to be organ donors at a respectable rate. The results are discussed with an emphasis on feasibility and sustainability as well as the promise for digital games to promote organ donation knowledge, attitude, and registration among teenagers.
Preparation of wear‐resistant ceramic coating by dynamically controlling the resistance during MAO
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Guangshen , Jia Endong , Zhao Ziyue , Wang Zezhen , Lu Hailin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicro arc oxidation (MAO) is a surface treatment technology that typically involves immersing the valve metal in an electrolyte to generate a ceramic coating for improved surface characteristics. This paper proposes a novel MAO g48 the need for electrolyte immersion. The MAO power supply's positive electrode is connected to the valve metal as the anode, while the negative electrode is connected to a stainless‐steel wire in the electrolyte circulation system. The distance between the cathode and anode is dynamically adjusted using a mechanical arm. Through advanced techniques like X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, successful ceramic coatings comprising α‐Al2O3 and γ‐Al2O3 phases on aluminum substrates were achieved. Tribological experiments demonstrated that coatings prepared with a cathode‐anode distance of 1.0 cm exhibited a scratch width of approximately 286.160 μm, while a distance of 3.0 cm resulted in approximately 1736.80 μm. This highlights the significant impact of the cathode‐anode distance on the wear resistance of the plasma electrolytic oxidation ceramic coating, with optimal performance observed at 1.0 cm. Utilizing a robotic arm to control the cathode movement enables effective surface treatment of large workpieces and targeted regions, addressing practical challenges in MAO applications.
Die ersten Beutefanghandlungen junger Blaufelchen (Coregonus wartmanni Bloch) und Hechte (Esox lucius L.)1
Authors: Braum Erich 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung1. Blaufeichenlarven schwimmen gleich nach dem Schlüpfen mit Schlängelbewegungen. Hechtlarven sind während der Dottersackperiode nahezu unbeweglich und hängen am Substrat.2. Nach Aufzehren des Dottersacks fangen Blaufelchen und Hechte zum erstenmal Beute, vorwiegend Copepoden.3. Hechte füllen ihre Schwimmblasen vor der ersten Nahrungsaufnahme; Blaufelchen haben zu dieser Zeit noch keine funktionsfähige Schwimmblase.4. Der erste Beutefang wird mit Hilfe von Filmaufnahmen analysiert. Die Bewegungs‐ und Orientierungshandlungen, bestehend aus binokularem Fixieren, Anschwimmen und Zustoßen mit Schnappen sind angeboren und setzen gleichzeitig ein.5. Hechte beachten die Bewegung der Beute quer zu ihrer Visierlinie und wählen danach ihre Ausgangsstellung vor dem Zustoßen, das selbst nicht mehr korrigiert werden kann. Der Kopf weicht zwangsläufig beim Vorschnellen nach einer Seite ab, die durch die vom Hecht gewählte Ausgangsstellung bestimmt ist und immer mit der Bewegungsrichtung der Beute übereinstimmt. Das Verhalten ist angeboren.6. Bei Blaufelchen und Hechten steigt der Erfolgsprozentsatz beim Schnappen mit zunehmender Erfahrung.Summary1. Larvae of Coregonus begin swimming immediately after hatching by undulations of the body. Larvae of pike adhering to a substrate spend time of yolk‐sac absorption nearly immovable.2. After yolk‐sac absorption Coregonus and pike catch prey for the first time, larvae especially Copepoda.3. Pikes fill their swimbladder before first feeding while Coregonus larvae have no swimbladder at this time.4. The first prey capture was analysed by films. It consists of innate components such as binocular fixation of prey objects, approaching, pushing forward and snapping.5. Pikes notice movement of the prey transverse to the longitudinal of their own body. Their posture before pushing forward depends on the movement direction of prey objects. While pushing forward the pikes' head deviates obligatory to one side determined by the choosed starting‐posture. The deviation is identical with the movement direction of the prey. The reactions of the fish are innate.6. Caused by acquisition of skill Coregonus and pike snap with increasing success.
Aspects of Aggressive Behaviour in Polecats
Authors: Poole Trevor B. 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung

Das Verhalten von Iltissen und Frettchen in einer 16‐m2‐Arena gegen Artgenossen wird beschrieben.
Außerhalb der Fortpflanzungszeit werden Fremde belästigt (hier „ritual aggression” genannt), aber nicht besiegt.
Während der Fortpflanzungszeit (März bis Juli) kämpfen ♂♂ mit Fremden: sie ergreifen den Eindringling im Nacken, halten ihn fest, versuchen ihn zu schütteln und schleppen ihn umher. Der Gepackte rollt sich über den Boden, bis der andre loslassen muß, und versucht, seinerseits ebenso zuzupacken.
Ein unterlegener Iltis droht abwehrend mit gekrümmtem Rücken und hochgehaltenem Kopf, öffnet das Maul und weist dem Gegner unter Pfauchen oder Kreischen die Zähne. Der Sieger dreht den Kopf zur Seite und geht breitseits vor.
♀♀ sind weniger angriffslustig als ♂♂; sie kämpfen gelegentlich, aber kurz und ohne den Gegner zu unterwerfen. „Ritual aggression” zeigen sie nur gegen fremde ♀♀.
Begegnungen zwischen ♂ und ♀♀ in der Paarungszeit sind beschrieben. Ist das ♀ bereit, so kommt es zur Kopula; sonst versucht das ♂ zu kopulieren, das ♀ aber dreht sich auf den Rücken und schnappt sanft nach Genick und Schnauze des ♂. Läßt sich das ♂ nicht abweisen, so kann es zum Kampf kommen: das ♂ schleppt das ♀ am Genick umher und schüttelt es, das ♀ droht, quiekt und schnappt nach dem ♂. Das ♀ wird nicht besiegt. Auch das ♂ kann einen Kampf beginnen, vor allem, wenn es paarungsbereit ist und das ♂ nicht mitmacht. Das ♀ geht dann in Abwehrstellung und droht.
Im Januar–März werden die Hoden der Iltis‐♂♂ größer und diese angriffslustiger: sie beißen öfter einen Partner ins Genick und halten ihn länger fest. Aber auch in heftigen Kämpfen wird der Gegner nicht unterworfen. Es kommt zu Pseudokopulationen mit ihm, wahrscheinlich ausgelöst durch seine Bewegungslosigkeit.
Im Iltiskampf fehlt das Drohen vor einem Angriff, entsprechend fehlt jedes Vorspiel vor dem Aufreiten und den Kopulationsversuchen.
Die Beziehungen zwischen Angriffs‐, Sexual‐ und Spielverhalten sind erortert.
The Behaviour of Red Kangaroos (Megaleia rufa) on Hot Summer Days
Authors: Russell Eleanor M. , Harrop C. J. F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo investigate the functional significance of the behaviour of large mammals in hot, arid conditions, field observations were made of the behaviour of red kangaroos. The behaviour of individual animals was recorded in detail during hot summer days and measurements of the prevailing temperature and radiation environment were made. Changes in the postures adopted by animals during the day are described in relation to environmental conditions; and the occurrence of certain postures and behaviours at periods of greatest heat stress is reported.
Züchterische Modellversuche mit Drosophila virilis: zur Erzeugung bestimmter neuer homozygoter Kombinationen aus den Erbanlagen zweier verschiedener homozygoter Elternformen
Authors: Lauprecht E. , Zimmermann W. 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der eingangs erwähnten Arbeit von DÖRING und LAUPRECHT waren die maximal erreichbaren Häufigkeiten bestimmter Neukombinationen der Erbanlagen von zwei verschiedenen Elterntypen berechnet. Außerdem wurde von ihnen abgeleitet, auf welchem Wege lediglich durch das Zuchtverfahren die gesuchten Neukombinationen am schnellsten und mit der geringsten Anzahl von Individuen erhalten werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung hatte die Aufgabe, im Tierversuch mit Drosophila virilis diese theoretischen Voraussagen an einigen Beispielen zu prüfen, weil in der praktischen Züchtung erfahrungsgemäß nicht von vornherein immer mit dem genauen Eintreffen der theoretischen Voraussagen zu rechnen ist. Zu diesem Zweck wurden 10 240 Paare zur Zucht angesetzt, von denen 224 515 Nachkommen untersucht wurden. Dabei ergab sich eine verhältnismäßig gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Beobachtung und Erwartung. Drosophila virilis hat sich infolge ihrer schnellen Generationsfolge, ihrer großen Nachkommenanzahl, ihres geringen Raumbedarfes, ihrer einfachen Haltung und Ernährung sowie ihrer Unabhängigkeit von Jahreszeit und Witterung für diesen Zweck in einem großrahmig angelegten Modellversuch sehr bewährt. Dadurch hat sich dieses Tier als ein wertvolles Objekt für die Durchführung grundlegender züchterischer Untersuchungen und bestimmter Modellversuche erwiesen.