bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYOMETRIAL RESPONSE TO A LONG‐ACTING VASOPRESSIN ANALOGUE IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: ÅKerlund M. , Laudańaski T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntrauterine pressure was recorded for 4 to 6 hours in 21 healthy women having a therapeutic abortion at 6 to 9 weeks gestation. Fourteen of the women received an intravenous injection of 300 pg of N‐a‐triglycyl‐(8‐lysine)‐vasopressin (TGLVP) and seven were used as controls. Uterine tone and the amplitude and duration of uterine contractions increased in all women receiving the drug, uterine tone usually rising first, with a change in contractions as a secondary effect which lasted for the rest of the observation period. Uterine activity did not change in the controls. These results suggest that TGLVP might be used for the induction of abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.
PATTERNS OF FETAL HEART RATE DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Wheeler T. , Murrills A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNinety‐seven recordings of the fetal heart rate, lasting for one hour, were made from 59 normal patients between 21 and 41 weeks of gestation. The heart rate was measured from beat to beat using the R‐wave of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) as the indicator of each heart cycle. The recordings showed a significant decrease in the baseline heart rate as gestation advanced. Significant departures from the baseline took the form of short episodes of bradycardia in the earlier recordings and short episodes of tachycardia in the later recordings. The undulatory pattern of variability was most common (46 per cent of the recording time); the proportion of narrowed undulatory variability decreased significantly and the proportion of saltatory variability increased significantly as gestation advanced. From 34 weeks of gestation, long‐term changes in the pattern of the fetal heart rate, related to periods of fetal rest and activity, were observed in the recordings. The periods of rest lasted for an average of 15 minutes and were characterized by a reduction in heart rate variability to the narrowed undulatory and silent types. Analysis of the cardiac beat‐to‐beat variation showed an arrhythmia, not previously described in the human fetus, that may be related to fetal breathing.
PLATELET LIFESPAN IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AS DETERMINED BY A NONRADIOISOTOPIC TECHNIQUE
Authors: Wallenburg H. C. S. , Van Kessel P. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA nonradioisotopic technique for determination of platelet lifespan was applied to 19 healthy women whose gestational ages were between 32 and 40 weeks. Nine non‐pregnant women and five men were also studied. Platelet counts were performed in all subjects. No significant difference was demonstrated between platelet lifespan in pregnant women (9·2 days), in non‐pregnant women (9·7 days) and in men (9·2 days). There was no significant difference between platelet counts in men and in non‐pregnant women, but the mean number of platelets in pregnant women was significantly lower. It is concluded that no significant changes in platelet behaviour appear to occur in normal pregnancy.We are grateful to Mrs P. Rotmans and Mr E. Haddeman for their advice and technical help.
COMPONENTS OF THE HAEMOSTATIC MECHANISM IN TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Condie R. , Campbell Doris 
Published: August 2005

SummaryComponents of the haemostatic mechanism were measured at intervals throughout pregnancy in 11 patients with twins and compared with a group of 21 patients with singleton pregnancies. Mean plasma fibrinogen levels were consistently (but not significantly) elevated in the mothers of twins while other parameters showed no differences.
SERUM LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN DETECTING LIVER DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Shukla P. K. , Sharma D. , Mandal R. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAssessment of liver damage by estimation of serum enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its hepatic fraction, LDH5, was made in 60 normal pregnant women, 20 patients with pre‐eclampsia and 10 with eclampsia. Definite evidence of damage was found in patients with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia and was related to the severity of the disease.
WATER RELATIONS OF THE OVARIAN CYCLE
Authors: Good W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis study reports the likely pattern of change in serum osmolality during the normal ovarian cycle, together with that which occurs during ovulation‐induction by gonadotrophin. The variation in serum osmolality is attributed to the action of oestrogen on venous distensibility, and the effect of that response on the osmotic equilibrium between intra‐ and extravascular fluid. Although the action of gonadotrophin is mediated by the products of follicular theca and granulosa cells, the physiological response is ultimately affected by water. Both ovulation and menstruation may therefore depend on achieving a critical water content of follicular fluid and endometrial tissue.
THE EFFECT OF PRETERM DELIVERY ON PERINATAL MORTALITY
Authors: Rush R. W. , Davey D. A. , Segall M. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA detailed retrospective analysis was made of 2329 preterm infants who accounted for 11 per cent of all births during 1974 and 1975 in the Peninsula Maternity Services, Cape Town. Whereas preterm delivery did not contribute to perinatal mortality in terms of stillbirth (more than 90 per cent occurred before labour), it exceeded all other causes in terms of early neonatal death. Preterm birth was responsible for 81 per cent of early neonatal mortality not attributable to lethal deformities. Early neonatal mortality rates were closely linked to both gestational age and birth weight and to the reason for preterm birth. The rate was high (109.8 per 1000) when preterm labour was spontaneous and without obvious maternal or fetal disease, but relatively low (56.5 per 1000) when preterm delivery was elective. Growth retardation, particularly, was associated with a relatively low neonatal mortality. It is suggested that more emphasis should be placed on the assessment of surface active phospholipids in amniotic fluid in the management of preterm labour. And since most early neonatal deaths were linked to spontaneous preterm delivery of uncertain aetiology, the pathophysiology of premature labour is in urgent need of further investigation.
A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS IN HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Van Assche F. A. , Aerts L. , Prins F. De 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring human pregnancy an enlargement of the islets of Langerhans and hyper‐plasia of the β cells is present. These morphological changes indicate that the endocrine pancreas is able to adapt to the metabolic changes of pregnancy.
EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF BETASYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS ON PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Lammintausta R. , Erkkola R. , Katainen P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in 26 pregnant patients before and during ritodrine infusion (10 patients), during isoxsuprine infusion (12 patients), and during glucose infusion (4 control patients). All patients were in the third trimester of pregnancy, not in labour and not hypertensive. A low dose of ritodrine, a beta, adrenergic agent, caused a rise of PRA but no simultaneous rise in heart rate; this suggests that beta, activity is involved in renin release. Normal doses of ritodrine and isoxsuprine increased the maternal heart rate to 110 to 120 beats/minute and also doubled the PRA level. Two hours after the end of the ritodrine infusion the PRA level was still above that before the infusion. The results suggest high reserves of renin during pregnancy.
PLASMA PREGNANCY‐SPECIFIC β‐GLYCOPROTEIN IN COMPLICATIONS OF EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Jandial V. , Towler C. M. , Horne C. H. W. , Abramovich D. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe prognostic value of a single plasma pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein estimation was assessed in 64 patients admitted with a history of vaginal bleeding between 7 and 19 weeks gestation. A correct prognosis was obtained in a high percentage of cases with either continuing pregnancies or with non‐viable pregnancies. In very early pregnancy with a gestation less than 10 weeks, a correct prognosis was obtained in about 75 per cent of cases but serial estimations in this group might improve the prognostic value of the test. The assay proved to be infallible where there was doubt as to whether the subject was pregnant. In the present study, single HPL estimations proved to be less useful in evaluating the outcome of complications of early pregnancy.
MENOPAUSAL HOT FLUSHES : A DOUBLE BLIND COMPARISON OF PLACEBO, ETHINYL OESTRADIOL AND NORGESTREL
Authors: Dennerstein Lorraine , Burrows G. D. , Hyman G. , Wood C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double blind crossover study was planned in order to compare the effects of oestrogen, progestogen and placebo on hot flushes. The 49 women studied had previously undergone hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. The drug regimen consisted of three months each of ethinyl oestradiol 50 μg/day, d norgestrel 250 μg/day, a combination of these two substances (‘ordiol’) and a placebo. The predominant reason for requesting a change of medication was intolerable hot flushes associated with placebo use. All hormonal preparations were found to be significantly more effective than placebo in reducing hot flush frequency and intensity. Oestrogen containing medications were more effective than the progestogen (norgestrel).
MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Wald N. J. , Cuckle H. , Boreham Jillian , Stirrat G. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal Serum Alpha‐Fetoprotein (Afp) Levels Were Measured From 12 To 24 Weeks Gestation In 27 Singleton Pregnancies In Women With Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus And 90 Controls Without Diabetes Who Were Matched For Gestational Age. The Geometric Mean Afp Level Among The Diabetic Pregnancies Was 60 Per Cent Of That In The Controls, A Difference Which Was Statistically Significant (P <0.01). The Difference In Afp Level Between Diabetic Patients And Controls Was Most Marked In Sera Taken Before 21 Weeks Gestation.
UNSTRESSED ANTEPARTUM CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FETUS SUSPECTED OF GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Flynn Anna M. , Kelly J. , O'Conor M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA detailed analysis of the antenatal cardiotocographs (ctgs) in 57 patients with suspected fetal growth retardation is presented. four traces were normal and 53 were ‘non‐reactive. non‐reactive’ traces can be sub‐divided into three categories, which, in order of severity are, ‘;suspect’, ‘flat’ and ‘ominous’. when compared with the ‘suspect’ group, perinatal mortality was significantly increased and the apgar scores at one and five minutes significantly decreased in the‘flat’ and‘ominous’ groups. the presence of fetal distress in labour was significantly higher in the‘flat’ group as compared with the 'suspect’ group. intrauterine deaths occurred only in the‘ominous’ group. with experience, ten patients later in the series with‘ominous’ patterns were delivered within 24 hours of the detection of such and nine infants survived. at follow‐up between 6 and 34 months after birth, psychomotor development was normal in 47 of the 49 surviving infants.
A STUDY OF BIRTH WEIGHT, PLACENTAL WEIGHT AND MORTALITY OF TWINS AS COMPARED TO SINGLETONS
Authors: Bleker O. P. , Breur W. , Huidekoper B. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study was made of 1655 sets of twins born between 1931 and 1975 in two clinical centres. Compared to singletons, twins were born three weeks earlier, weighed less at birth from 33 weeks to term and had smaller placentae from 21 to 22 weeks to term. The influence on birth weight of sex was smaller in twins, the influence of parity greater. Because, compared to singletons, lower placental indices were found in twins up to 37 to 38 weeks, the conclusion is drawn that the retardation of growth in twins is to some extent due to the placenta itself. When singletons and twins of the same gestational age were compared, the mortality was found to be similar, somewhat lower in twins up to 37 to 38 weeks and higher afterwards. Monochorial twins were found to be born earlier, weigh less at birth and have a higher mortality than dichorial twins. Placental weights were not different and the conclusion is drawn that the retardation of growth in monochorial twins is to some extent due to the higher incidence of marginal and velamentous insertions of the umbilical cord associated with lower birth weights.
THE EFFECT OF OXYTOCIN IN INDUCED LABOUR ON NEONATAL JAUNDICE
Authors: D'Souza S. W. , Black Patricia , Macfarlane T. , Rrichards B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective study in 180 mothers and babies examined the effects of oxytocin in induced labour on plasma bilirubin levels in cord blood, as well as on the incidence of neonatal jaundice. Raised plasma bilirubin levels in cord blood, probably enhanced by breakdown of fetal red cells, appeared to be a dose dependent effect of oxytocin. Commensurate with this was the finding that a larger proportion of babies in the induced group manifested a greater severity of jaundice.
FURTHER CLINICAL EXPERIENCEIN THE TREATMENT OF HIRSUTISM WITH CYPROTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Underhill Rosemary , Dewhurst John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFurther experience in the treatment of female hirsutism with the anti‐androgen cyproterone acetate is reported. Two‐thirds of treated patients have shown improvement but relapse occurred within two or three months of stopping treatment. Acne also healed in two patients.
CLINICAL DILEMMAS ARISING FROM THE ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
Authors: Stirrat G. M. , Turnbull A.C. , Bennett M. J. , Wald N. J. , Bobrow M. , Lindenbaum R.H. , Cuckle H.S 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEight case histories are presented which demonstrate clinical problems associated with the antenatal screening for and diagnosis of neural tube defects. It is suggested how some of these problems might be avoided in future.
COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF FETAL HEART RATE VARIATION DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Wheeler T. , Cooke E. , Murrills A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNinety‐seven one‐hour recordings of the abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) were made from 59 normal patients between 21 and 41 weeks of gestation. The heart intervals, measured between successive R‐waves, were analysed by computer. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of the fetal ECG limited the precision of the interval measurements to approximately one millisecond. The characteristics of the baseline heart rate changed significantly as gestation advanced, the mean R‐R interval, the standard deviation of the intervals and the standard deviation of the interval differences all increasing with gestation (p <0.001). In later gestation the baseline heart rate during periods of fetal rest differed significantly from that during periods of fetal activity; during rest the mean R‐R interval was greater (p <0.001) and the standard deviations of the intervals and interval differences were smaller (p <0.001). Examination of the coefficient of variation of the heart intervals gave a result which contradicted the significance of this measurement as an index of fetal welfare as proposed by Curran and MacGregor (1970).
THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN THE SYSTEM IN THE NEWBORN HYPERFUNCTION OF THE RENIN‐ANGIOTENSIN‐ALDOSTERONE
Authors: Sulyok E. , Németh M. , Tényi I. , Csaba I. F. , Thurzó V. , Hadnagy J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were measured by radioimmunoassay in eight newborn infants born vaginally to mothers on indomethacin treatment. Measurements were made in venous cord blood at birth and on the sixth day of life. The results were compared to those obtained in eight healthy control newborn infants of similar gestational age and birth weight. Maternal treatment with indomethacin was associated with a decrease of plasma renin activity (mean±SD) from 16.71±2.76 ng/ml/hour in the control group to 9.60±3.84 ng/ml/hour in the treated group. Plasma aldosterone concentration was lower in the cord blood of the treated group and a similar trend was demonstrated in the sixth day samples. It is suggested that the increased endogenous prostaglandin production during labour may be one of the factors responsible for the development of hyperactivity of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in the newborn.
ACUTE MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION ASSOCIATED WITH CLOMIPHENE THERAPY: TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: Lenton Elizabeth A. , Burton R. M. , Cooke I. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients presenting with anovulation and secondary infertility were treated with clomiphene citrate. Intermittent blood samples were obtained for the first three months of therapy in each case. One patient failed either to ovulate or menstruate in response to clomiphene and the other patient had only two episodes of cyclical bleeding before she too became amenorrhoeic. Hormonal analyses revealed that both women had undergone a rapid and precocious menopausal transition which has persisted throughout the subsequent three years.
PLASMA HCG LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH BLEEDING IN THE FIRST AND SECOND TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Jouppila P. , Tapanainen J. , Huhtaniemi I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe prognostic value of maternal plasma human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) determinations, measured by a specific β‐subunit radioimmunoassay, was studied in 188 patients with bleeding between 6 and 20 weeks gestation. The patients were arranged into different subgroups according to ultrasound findings as well as clinical and histopathological evidence. In threatened abortion with successful outcome (50 per cent of all patients studied), the weekly mean hCG values were normal or even slightly elevated. In patients with a blighted ovum, the first hCG level measured was in the normal range in 34 per cent of the patients. In patients who aborted embryo with former life signs, hCG values were generally normal before the abortion. The hCG levels were usually low in patients with incomplete abortion and ectopic pregnancy. An initially subnormal level of hCG was associated with a poor outcome of pregnancy in 92 per cent of patients. If the first hCG level was within the normal range the outcome of pregnancy was favourable in 79 percent of patients.
SERUM FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE LEVELS IN HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Khattab T. Y. , Jequier Anne M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe describe a specific radioimmunoassay for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the finding of immunoreactive FSH in human pregnancy sera. A total of 394 serum samples was taken from 204 normal pregnant women at different stages of gestation. The FSH levels remained constant throughout pregnancy and no rise was associated with the late first trimester elevation of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).
TREATMENT OF PRURITUS VULVAE BY MULTIPLE INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS OF ALCOHOL. A DOUBLE‐BLIND STUDY
Authors: Sutherst J. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double blind study is described in which 17 patients with intractable pruritus vulvae were treated by multiple intradermal injections of absolute alcohol. In each patient half the vulva was treated with alcohol whilst the other half was injected with water. Treatment with alcohol was significantly better than treatment with water (p < 0.001).
IN VITRO STUDY OF THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF THE INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE TAIL IN ASCENDING INFECTION OF THE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: Purrier B. G. A. , Sparks R. A. , Watt P. J. , Elstein M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPotentially pathogenic bacteria colonized the mucus coating the tails of both monofilamentous and multifilamentous intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) in 72 (55 per cent) out of 132 in vitro tests. This suggests that the IUCD tail may be responsible for the passage of vaginal bacteria into the uterus.
A DOUBLE‐BLJND CROSS‐OVER STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DOXYCYCLINE ON MYCOPLASMA INFECTION AND INFERTILITY
Authors: Inton R. A. , Egdell L. M. , Andrews B. E. , Clarke S. K. R. , Richmond S. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryForty‐two couples in an infertility clinic were examined for genital infection with Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum (T strains). In 21 couples one or other partner was found to be infected; no chlamydiae, trichomonads, or gonococci were isolated from any of these couples. All patients were then included in a double‐blind crossover doxycycline/placebo study lasting 8 months. Pregnancy was achieved in one of the 21 couples who were free of infection. Of the 21 couples who were infected, one achieved a pregnancy while still infected, and 19 lost their infection on doxycycline, of whom four achieved a pregnancy. These four pregnancies all occurred among the 10 couples who received doxycycline first. One further pregnancy occurred after the trial was over. Since 5 of the 7 pregnancies occurred in the first 4 months of the trial, they were probably due to the psychological effect of treatment rather than the effect of the drug on infection.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN DENMARK BY FROZEN DONOR SEMEN SUPPLIED FROM A CENTRAL BANK
Authors: Hansen K. Brogaard , Nielsen N. C. , Rebbe H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA central semen bank in Denmark supplied deep‐frozen semen. Selection of donors, freezing technique, and practical details about transport of specimens are described. In one of the gynaecological departments supplied with frozen semen, 22 out of 30 patients who had artificial insemination became pregnant. The advantages and disadvantages of using frozen semen are discussed.
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND URINARY INCONTINENCE
Authors: Sutherst J. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and three female patients attending an incontinence clinic gave information about their marital lives and sexual habits. Forty‐eight women (46 percent) maintained that their urinary disorder had adversely affected sexual relations. Women with bladder instability had a significantly higher incidence of sexual dysfunction than women with genuine stress incontinence.
NORMAL PATTERNS OF FETAL ACTIVITY IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER
Authors: Roberts A. B. , Little D. , Cooper D. , Campbell S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence and frequency of fetal respiratory movements (FRM) and fetal trunk movements (FTM) were measured in 21 normal pregnancies between 28 and 39 weeks gestation. Fetal activity was assessed with a real‐time ultrasound scanner and all observed movements were punched directly onto computer tape. Recordings were made for one hour in three over a 24 hour period, providing a total of 168 hours for analysis. The overall mean percentage incidence of FRM was 31 per cent at a mean breathing rate of 43 breaths/minute. The mean percentage incidence of FRM during the day (0800–1759 hours) was 37 per cent. The overall mean percentage incidence of FTM was 18 per cent with a mean of 29 moves per 30 minute observation period. The mean percentage incidence of FTM during the day (0800–1759 hours) was 16 per cent. There was a well‐defined circadian variation in fetal activity with FRM peaking between 1900 and 2200 hours, and FTM between 2200 and 0100 hours. There was considerable variation in the amount of FRM and FTM recorded from hour to hour. Total fetal activity rarely fell below 10 per cent in any one recording period and this measurement may be a more useful clinical test of fetal well‐being than FRM or FTM alone.
THE EFFECT OF CERVICAL ENCERCLAGE ON PLASMA PROSTAGLANDIN CONCENTRATIONS DURING EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Bibby J. G. , Brunt Jane , Mitchell M. D. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn women having either cervical encerclage under general anaesthesia or a vaginal examination in the early second trimester of pregnancy, peripheral plasma levels of 13,14‐dihydro‐l5‐keto prostaglandin F (PGFM) were measured before and after each procedure. A significant rise in circulating levels of PGFM was found within minutes of completing cervical encerclage but not after vaginal examination or induction of general anaesthesia.