bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of renal Ca2+ transport protein genes by dietary Ca2+ and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 in 25hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐hydroxylase knockout mice
Authors: HOENDEROP JOOST G. J. , DARDENNE OLIVIER , VAN ABEL MONIQUE , VAN DER KEMP ANNEMIETE W. C. M. , VAN OS CAREL H. , ST.‐ARNAUD RENÉ , BINDELS RENEJ. M. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTPseudovitamin D‐deficiency rickets (PDDR) is an autosomal disease characterized by hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and undetectable levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Mice in which the 25hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐hydroxylase (1α‐OHase) gene was inactivated presented the same clinical phenotype as patients with PDDR and were used to study renal expression of the epithelial Ca2+ channel (ECaC1), the calbindins, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), and Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA1b). Serum Ca2+ (1.20±0.05 mM) and mRNA/ protein expression of ECaC1 (41±3%), calbindin‐D28K (31±2%), calbindin‐D9K (58±7%), NCX1 (10±2%), PMCA1b (96±4%) were decreased in 1α‐OHase−/−mice compared with 1α‐OHase+/‐littermates. Feeding these miceaCa2+‐enriched diet normalized serum Ca2+ levels and expression of Ca2+ proteins except for calbindin‐D9K expression. 1,25(OH)2D3 repletion resulted in increased expression of Ca2+ transport proteins and normalization of serum Ca2+ levels. Localization of Ca2+ transport proteins was clearly polarized in which ECaC1 was localized along the apical membrane, calbindin‐D28K in the cytoplasm, and calbindin‐D9K along the apical and basolateral membranes, resulting in a comprehensive mechanism facilitating renal transcellular Ca2+ transport. This study demonstrated that high dietary Ca2+ intake is an important regulator of the renal Ca2+ transport proteins in 1,25(OH)2D3‐deficient status and thus contributes to the normalization of blood Ca2+ levels.—Hoenderop, J. G. J., Dardenne, O., van Abel, M., van der Kemp, A. W. C. M., van Os, C. H., St.—Arnaud, R., Bindels, R. J. M. Modulation of renal Ca2+ transport protein genes by dietary Ca2+ and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 in 25 hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐hydroxylase knockout mice. FASEB J. 16, 1398–1406 (2002)
The fetal origins of atherosclerosis: maternal hypercholesterolemia, and cholesterol‐lowering or antioxidant treatment during pregnancy influence in utero programming and postnatal susceptibility to atherogenesis
Authors: PALINSKI WULF , NAPOLI CLAUDIO 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTIt has long been postulated that pathogenic events during fetal development influence atherosclerosis‐related diseases later in life, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. This review focuses on the evidence indicating that maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy is responsible for one cascade of pathogenic events. Maternal hypercholesterolemia is associated with greatly increased fatty streak formation in human fetal arteries and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis during childhood. Recent experiments in genetically more homogeneous rabbits established that temporary diet‐induced maternal hypercholesterolemia is sufficient to enhance fetal lesion formation. More important, maternal hypercholesterolemia or ensuing pathogenic events in the fetus increase postnatal atherogenesis in response to hypercholesterolemia. Maternal treatment with cholesterol‐lowering agents or antioxidants greatly reduces fetal and postnatal atherogenesis, indicating a pathogenic role of lipid peroxidation and a potential involvement of oxidation‐sensitive signaling pathways. Experiments in a murine model showed that differences in arterial gene expression between offspring of normo‐and hypercholesterolemic mothers persist long after birth, supporting the assumption that fetal lesion formation is associated with genetic programming, which may in turn affect postnatal atherogenesis. A better understanding of pathogenic programming events in utero may lead to the identification of genes determining the susceptibility to atherosclerosis and define novel preventive approaches.—Palinski, W., Napoli, C. The fetal origins of atherosclerosis: maternal hypercholesterolemia, and cholesterol‐lowering or antioxidant treatment during pregnancy influence in utero programming and postnatal susceptibility to atherogenesis. FASEB J. 16, 1348–1360 (2002)
The Regulation of Actin Organization by Actin-Depolymerizing Factor in Elongating Pollen Tubes[W]
Authors: Chen Christine Y. , Wong Eric I. , Vidali Luis , Estavillo Athena , Hepler Peter K. , Wu Hen-ming , Cheung Alice Y. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPollen tube elongation is a polarized cell growth process that transports the male gametes from the stigma to the ovary for fertilization inside the ovules. Actomyosin-driven intracellular trafficking and active actin remodeling in the apical and subapical regions of pollen tubes are both important aspects of this rapid tip growth process. Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin are actin binding proteins that enhance the depolymerization of microfilaments at their minus, or slow-growing, ends. A pollen-specific ADF from tobacco, NtADF1, was used to dissect the role of ADF in pollen tube growth. Overexpression of NtADF1 resulted in the reduction of fine, axially oriented actin cables in transformed pollen tubes and in the inhibition of pollen tube growth in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the proper regulation of actin turnover by NtADF1 is critical for pollen tube growth. When expressed at a moderate level in pollen tubes elongating in in vitro cultures, green fluorescent protein (GFP)–tagged NtADF1 (GFP-NtADF1) associated predominantly with a subapical actin mesh composed of short actin filaments and with long actin cables in the shank. Similar labeling patterns were observed for GFP-NtADF1–expressing pollen tubes elongating within the pistil. A Ser-6-to-Asp conversion abolished the interaction between NtADF1 and F-actin in elongating pollen tubes and reduced its inhibitory effect on pollen tube growth significantly, suggesting that phosphorylation at Ser-6 may be a prominent regulatory mechanism for this pollen ADF. As with some ADF/cofilin, the in vitro actin-depolymerizing activity of recombinant NtADF1 was enhanced by slightly alkaline conditions. Because a pH gradient is known to exist in the apical region of elongating pollen tubes, it seems plausible that the in vivo actin-depolymerizing activity of NtADF1, and thus its contribution to actin dynamics, may be regulated spatially by differential H+ concentrations in the apical region of elongating pollen tubes.
A Cysteine-Rich Extracellular Protein, LAT52, Interacts with the Extracellular Domain of the Pollen Receptor Kinase LePRK2[W]
Authors: Tang Weihua , Ezcurra Inés , Muschietti Jorge , McCormick Sheila 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPollen germination and pollen tube growth are thought to require extracellular cues, but how these cues are perceived and transduced remains largely unknown. Pollen receptor kinases are plausible candidates for this role; they might bind extracellular ligands and thereby mediate cytoplasmic events required for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. To search for pollen-expressed ligands for pollen receptor kinases, we used the extracellular domains of three pollen-specific receptor kinases of tomato (LePRK1, LePRK2, and LePRK3) as baits in a yeast two-hybrid screen. We identified numerous secreted or plasma membrane–bound candidate ligands. One of these, the Cys-rich protein LAT52, was known to be essential during pollen hydration and pollen tube growth. We used in vivo coimmunoprecipitation to demonstrate that LAT52 was capable of forming a complex with LePRK2 in pollen and to show that the extracellular domain of LePRK2 was sufficient for the interaction. Soluble LAT52 can exist in differently sized forms, but only the larger form can interact with LePRK2. We propose that LAT52 might be a ligand for LePRK2.
Comparison of In-House and Commercial Slides for Detection by Immunofluorescence of Immunoglobulins G and M againstBartonella henselaeandBartonella quintana
Authors: Maurin M. , Rolain J. M. , Raoult D. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTWe compared the sensitivities and specificities of indirect fluorescent antibody tests developed in our laboratory and commercially available from Focus Technologies (FT; formerly MRL Diagnostic) for detection of serum antibodies toBartonellaspp. Serum samples tested were from patients with culture- or PCR-confirmedBartonella quintanaorB. henselaeinfections causing cat scratch disease (CSD), chronic bacteremia, or endocarditis. At a cutoff titer of 64, the FT test had higher sensitivity than our in-house test in detecting anti-B. henselaeimmunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in CSD patients (91.2 versus 52.9%;P< 0.001). The specificity in serum samples from 85 control patients was, however, lower with the FT test (87%) than with the in-house test (98.8%) (P= 0.002). A cutoff titer of 128 improves the specificity for the FT test but lowers the sensitivity to 85%. For patients infected withB. henselae, our in-house test, but not the FT test, enabled endocarditis to be detected more reliably. With the in-house test, titers of IgG againstB. henselaeof ≥1,024 were found only in endocarditis patients and not in CSD patients. With the FT test, 19.1% of CSD patients had titers of IgG againstB. henselaeof ≥1,024 (P< 0.001). Our in-house technique also improved detection of anti-B. quintanaantibodies in homeless patients with endocarditis. IgG titers of ≥1,024 were present in 75% of serum samples, but only in 16.7% of serum samples with the FT test (P= 0.004). Since each test has advantages over the other, the serological diagnosis ofBartonellainfections would benefit if both tests were used concurrently.
Antibody Responses of Cattle with Respiratory Coronavirus Infections during Pathogenesis of Shipping Fever Pneumonia Are Lower with Antigens of Enteric Strains than with Those of a Respiratory Strain
Authors: Lin Xiao-Qing , O'Reilly Kathy L. , Storz Johannes 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT

The serum antibody responses of cattle with respiratory coronavirus infections during the pathogenesis of shipping fever pneumonia were analyzed with different bovine coronavirus antigens, including those from a wild-type respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) strain (97TXSF-Lu 15-2) directly isolated from lung tissue from a fatally infected bovine, a wild-type enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus (EBCV) strain (Ly 138-3), and the highly cell culture-adapted, enteric prototype strain (EBCV L9-81). Infectivity-neutralizing (IN) and hemagglutinin-inhibiting (HAI) activities were tested. Sequential serum samples, collected during the onset of the respiratory coronavirus infection and at weekly intervals for 5 weeks thereafter, had significantly higher IN and HAI titers for antigens of RBCV strain 97TXSF-Lu15-2 than for the wild-type and the highly cell culture-adapted EBCV strains, with
P
values ranging from <0.0001 to 0.0483. The IN and HAI antibody responses against the two EBCV strains did not differ significantly, but the lowest titers were detected with EBCV strain L9-81.
Serodiagnosis of Mice Minute Virus and Mouse Parvovirus Infections in Mice by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Baculovirus-Expressed Recombinant VP2 Proteins
Authors: Livingston Robert S. , Besselsen David G. , Steffen Earl K. , Besch-Williford Cynthia L. , Franklin Craig L. , Riley Lela K. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTMice minute virus (MMV) and mouse parvovirus (MPV) type 1 are the two parvoviruses known to naturally infect laboratory mice and are among the most prevalent infectious agents found in contemporary laboratory mouse colonies. Serologic assays are commonly used to diagnose MMV and MPV infections in laboratory mice; however, highly accurate, high-throughput serologic assays for the detection of MMV- and MPV-infected mice are needed. To this end, the major capsid viral protein (VP2) genes of MMV and MPV were cloned and MMV recombinant VP2 (rVP2) and MPV rVP2 proteins were expressed by using a baculovirus system. MMV rVP2 and MPV rVP2 spontaneously formed virus-like particles that were morphologically similar to empty parvovirus capsids. These proteins were used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect anti-MMV or anti-MPV antibodies in the sera of infected mice. Sera from mice experimentally infected with MMV (n= 43) or MPV (n= 35) and sera from uninfected mice (n= 30) were used to evaluate the ELISAs. The MMV ELISA was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting MMV-infected mice, and the MPV ELISA was 100% sensitive and 98.6% specific in detecting MPV-infected mice. Both assays outperformed a parvovirus ELISA that uses a recombinant nonstructural protein (NS1) of MMV as antigen. The MMV rVP2 and MPV rVP2 proteins provide a ready source of easily produced antigen, and the ELISAs developed provide highly accurate, high-throughput assays for the serodiagnosis of MMV and MPV infections in laboratory mice.
In Vitro Whole-Blood Analysis of Cellular Immunity in Patients with Active Coccidioidomycosis by Using the Antigen Preparation T27K
Authors: Ampel Neil M. , Kramer Larissa A. , Li Lijin , Carroll Deborah S. , Kerekes Kathleen M. , Johnson Suzanne M. , Pappagianis Demosthenes 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT

Measurement of cellular immunity in human coccidioidomycosis has important diagnostic and prognostic implications. The coccidioidin skin test has been the standard for the measurement of this, but it is not available in the United States. We examined the utility of measuring surface expression of CD69 on T lymphocytes in whole blood incubated with the coccidioidal antigen preparation T27K as an alternative to the skin test. Seventy donors with active coccidioidomycosis were studied. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD69 expression on CD3 lymphocytes in response to T27K was 28.61 ± 1.77, significantly greater than the control response of 11.45 ± 0.78 (
P
< 0.001). The MFI CD69 response to T27K above that for the control (MFI CD69 above control) was 6.35 ± 2.18 for seven subjects with disseminated coccidioidomycosis who were studied within 5 months of diagnosis. This was significantly below the value of 20.17 ± 3.17 for 18 subjects with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis studied within 5 months of diagnosis and the value of 19.58 ± 2.91 for 27 subjects with disseminated coccidioidomycosis studied after 5 months of diagnosis (for both,
P
< 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between coccidioidal clinical score and MFI CD69 above control for all 34 subjects with disseminated coccidioidomycosis (
r
= 0.362;
P
= 0.036) but not for the 36 subjects with pulmonary disease (
r
< 0.001;
P
= 0.993). Among 30 subjects for whom data were available, there was a highly significant association between the MFI CD69 above control and the supernatant concentrations of gamma interferon, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (for all,
P
< 0.001), but not for IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10. These data indicate that in vitro assessment of CD69 expression on T lymphocytes by using T27K may be a useful measure of cellular immune response among subjects with active coccidioidomycosis.
Immunoglobulin G Antibody against
Helicobacter pylori
: Clinical Implications of Levels Found in Serum
Authors: Chen Tseng-Shing , Li Fen-Yau , Chang Full-Young , Lee Shou-Dong 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT

The clinical significance of high levels of antibody against
Helicobacter pylori
is still unclear. We sought to evaluate whether the serum antibody levels could predict the presence of macroscopic gastroduodenal disease, to identify factors that correlate with antibody levels in a multivariate context, and to determine the predictive value of antibody levels for diagnosing
H. pylori
infection. The grades of gastritis and density of
H. pylori
colonization were scored separately using the updated Sydney system for antral and body mucosa. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative detection in serum of IgG antibodies to
H. pylori
was performed. Of the 170 dyspeptic patients, 105 (62%) had
H. pylori
infection. There was no difference in antibody levels among endoscopic findings of normal mucosa, chronic gastritis, and duodenal ulcer. On multivariate linear regression analysis, the status of
H. pylori
infection, mononuclear cell infiltration of body mucosa, and age correlated with antibody levels. The negative predictive value for antibody levels of <30 U/ml is 94%, and the positive predictive value of antibody levels of >70 U/ml is 98%. We conclude that serum antibody levels do not predict the severity of gastroduodenal diseases or the density of
H. pylori
colonization in
H. pylori
-infected dyspeptic patients. Higher levels are associated with the presence of
H. pylori
infection, the chronic gastritis score of the corpus, and older age. Setting a gray zone is necessary for ELISA, since the accuracy in this zone does not allow a precise determination of
H. pylori
status.
Spontaneous Cytokine Production and Its Effect on Induced Production
Authors: Walker Derrick , Jason Janine , Wallace Kelly , Slaughter Justin , Whatley Virginia , Han Alison , Nwanyanwu Okey C. , Kazembe Peter N. , Dobbie Hamish , Archibald Lennox , Jarvis William R. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT

Cytokines regulate cellular immune activity and are produced by a variety of cells, especially lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Multiparameter flow cytometry is often used to examine cell-specific cytokine production after in vitro phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin induction, with brefeldin A or other agents added to inhibit protein secretion. Spontaneous ex vivo production reportedly rarely occurs. We examined the spontaneous production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) by peripheral-blood B lymphocytes, T cells, CD8
−
T cells, CD8
+
T cells, CD3
−
CD16/56
+
lymphocytes (natural killer [NK] cells), CD3
+
CD16/56
+
lymphocytes (natural T [NT] cells), and/or monocytes of 316 acutely ill hospitalized persons and 62 healthy adults in Malawi, Africa. We also evaluated the relationship between spontaneous and induced cytokine production. In patients, spontaneous TNF-α production occurred most frequently, followed in descending order by IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-2. Various cells of 60 patients spontaneously produced TNF-α; for 12 of these patients, TNF-α was the only cytokine produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was most frequent in the immunoregulatory cells, NK and NT. For IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, spontaneous cytokine production was associated with greater induced production. For TNF-α and IFN-γ, the relationships varied by cell type. For healthy adults, IL-6 was the cytokine most often produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was not unusual in these acutely ill and healthy persons living in an area where human immunodeficiency virus, mycobacterial, malaria, and assorted parasitic infections are endemic. In such populations, spontaneous, as well as induced, cell-specific cytokine production should be measured and evaluated in relation to various disease states.
Use of Egg Yolk-Derived Immunoglobulin as an Alternative to Antibiotic Treatment for Control of
Helicobacter pylori
Infection
Authors: Shin Ji-Hyun , Yang Mierha , Nam Seung Woo , Kim Jung Taik , Myung Na Hye , Bang Won-Gi , Roe Im Hwan 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated the potential use of immunoglobulin prepared from the egg yolk of hens immunized with
Helicobacter pylori
(immunoglobulin Y [IgY]-Hp) in the treatment of
H. pylori
infections. The purity of our purified IgY-Hp was 91.3%, with a yield of 9.4 mg of IgY per ml of egg yolk. The titer for IgY-Hp was 16 times higher than that for IgY in egg yolk from nonimmunized hens, and IgY-Hp significantly inhibited the growth and urease activity of
H. pylori
in vitro. Bacterial adhesion on AGS cells was definitely reduced by preincubation of both
H. pylori
(10
8
CFU/ml) and 10 mg of IgY-Hp/ml. In Mongolian gerbil models, IgY-Hp decreased
H. pylori
-induced gastric mucosal injury as determined by the degree of lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration. Therefore, in this experimental model,
H. pylori
-associated gastritis could be successfully treated by orally administered IgY-Hp. The immunological activity of IgY-Hp stayed active at 60°C for 10 min, suggesting that pasteurization can be applied to sterilize the product. Fortification of food products with this immunoglobulin would significantly decrease the
H. pylori
infection. In conclusion, the IgY-Hp obtained from hens immunized by
H. pylori
could provide a novel alternative approach to treatment of
H. pylori
infection.
Immunoglobulin G Antibody Response to Infection with Coccoid Forms of
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Figueroa G. , Faúndez G. , Troncoso M. , Navarrete P. , Toledo M. S. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of studies support a potential role for coccoid forms in
Helicobacter pylori
infection. Evidence for this was obtained through scanning microscopy, genetic analysis for virulence traits, examination of the presence and activity of key enzymes, and other methods. We studied the serum immunoglobulin G responses to coccoid
H. pylori
forms by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting and compared them with those of bacillary cells. Sera from a total of 295 infected individuals were studied; these included sera from 100 patients with duodenal ulcers, 98 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, 11 patients with gastroduodenal cancer, and 86 asymptomatic individuals. Initially, we characterized and selected coccoid and bacillary antigenic preparations by one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Data showed that coccoid and bacillary preparations with comparable protein contents have similar patterns in 1-D and 2-D electrophoresis gels and antigenic recognition at blotting. These results revealed that coccoid and spiral antigens in ELISA can equally recognize specific antibodies to
H. pylori
in sera from infected individuals. The analysis of the spiral and coccoid preparations by Western blotting showed no major differences in antigen recognition. No specific bands or profiles associated with a single gastric condition were identified.
Clinical and Epidemiological Relevance of Quantitating Hepatitis E Virus-Specific Immunoglobulin M
Authors: Seriwatana Jitvimol , Shrestha Mrigendra P. , Scott Robert M. , Tsarev Sergei A. , Vaughn David W. , Myint Khin Saw Aye , Innis Bruce L. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of acute hepatitis E by detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an established procedure. We investigated whether quantitation of HEV IgM and its ratio to HEV total Ig furnished more information than conventional IgM tests that are interpreted as positive or negative. A previously described indirect immunoassay for total Ig against a baculovirus-expressed HEV capsid protein was modified to quantitate HEV-specific IgM in Walter Reed (WR) antibody units by using a reference antiserum and the four-parameter logistic model. A receiver-operating characteristics curve derived from 197 true-positive specimens and 449 true-negative specimens identified 30 WR units/ml as an optimum cut point. The median HEV IgM level in 36 patients with acute hepatitis E fell from 3,000 to 100 WR units/ml over 6 months, suggesting that 100 WR units/ml would be a more appropriate cut point for distinguishing recent from remote IgM responses. Among three hepatitis E case series, determination of the HEV IgM-to-total-Ig ratio in acute-phase serum revealed that most patients had high ratios consistent with primary infections whereas a few had low ratios, suggesting that they had sustained reinfections that elicited anamnestic antibody responses. The diagnostic utility of the new IgM test was similar to that of a commercially available test that uses different HEV antigens. In conclusion, we found that HEV IgM can be detected specifically in >95% of acute hepatitis E cases defined by detection of the virus genome in serum and that quantitation of HEV IgM and its ratio to total Ig provides insight into infection timing and prior immunity.