bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tornadic environments and their trends and projected changes in Japan
Authors: Kawazoe Sho , Inatsu Masaru , Fujita Mikiko , Sugimoto Shiori , Okada Yasuko , Watanabe Shingo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTornadoes are responsible for several high-impact weather disasters in Japan. However, little is known about how these events have changed over the last several decades or how they may change in future climates. This study examines environmental conditions associated with tornados in Japan using pseudo-soundings from the high-resolution fifth-generation ECMWF reanalysis. We first determine appropriate discriminators of F2+ tornadoes using thermodynamic (convective available potential energy, convective inhibition, lifting condensation level, and the K-index), kinematic (bulk wind difference and storm-relative helicity), and multivariate tornado parameters (energy helicity index, K-helicity index, and the significant tornado parameter), and confirm that F2+ tornadoes occur in environments with higher instability and helicity, but are better distinguished using multivariate parameters. Recent trends indicate that F2+ environments have increased significantly in some regions over the last four decades. We also examined future changes for each parameter using a large ensemble 2-K warming experiment. Robust increases in strong tornado environments are depicted in many regions in Japan, particularly on the Sea of Japan side and the Kanto region. This indicates that despite projected decreases in bulk wind difference and higher convective inhibition, significant increases in atmospheric instability compensate, leading to more days with F2+ tornado potential.
Polphylipoprotein-induced autophagy mechanism with high performance in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Taninaka Atsushi , Kurokawa Hiromi , Kamiyanagi Mayuka , Ochiai Takahiro , Arashida Yusuke , Takeuchi Osamu , Matsui Hirofumi , Shigekawa Hidemi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolphylipoprotein (PLP) is a recently developed nanoparticle with high biocompatibility and tumor selectivity, and which has demonstrated unprecedentedly high performance photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic diagnosis. On the basis of these discoveries, PLP is anticipated to have a very high potential for PDT. However, the mechanism by which PLP kills cancer cells effectively has not been sufficiently clarified. To comprehensively understand the PLP-induced PDT processes, we conduct multifaceted experiments using both normal cells and cancer cells originating from the same sources, namely, RGM1, a rat gastric epithelial cell line, and RGK1, a rat gastric mucosa-derived cancer-like mutant. We reveal that PLP enables highly effective cancer treatment through PDT by employing a unique mechanism that utilizes the process of autophagy. The dynamics of PLP-accumulated phagosomes immediately after light irradiation are found to be completely different between normal cells and cancer cells, and it becomes clear that this difference results in the manifestation of the characteristic effect of PDT when using PLP. Since PLP is originally developed as a drug delivery agent, this study also suggests the potential for intracellular drug delivery processes through PLP-induced autophagy.
Facile preparation of polycyclic halogen-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles by using intramolecular Huisgen cycloaddition
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuki , Kasakura Nozomi , Kikukawa Seiya , Matsumoto Shota , Karasawa Satoru , Hata Takeshi 
Published: November 2023

1-(ω-Azidoalkyl)-2-(2,2-dihalovinyl)arenes afforded tricyclic 5-halo-1,2,3-triazoles via intramolecular Huisgen cycloaddition. Based on the remaining bromo groups, carbon elongation gave polycyclic compounds and a pentacyclic fluorescent compound.
Clinical Observations in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes and Self-Reported Ototoxicity Symptoms
Authors: Nichols Nicole , Rubenstein Ronald C. , Kelly Andrea , Vachhani Jay J. , Echaluse Ma Vida , Garinis Angela Constance 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) are at high risk for ototoxicity due to the routine use of intravenous aminoglycoside (IV-AG) antibiotics in respiratory infection management. Additionally, factors that contribute to ototoxicity-related symptom development and severity in PwCF are unknown. Given the increased risk of ototoxicity in people with diabetes, we explored the association between cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) and self-reported ototoxicity symptoms (tinnitus and vestibular problems) in PwCF treated with aminoglycosides.

Method:

PwCF (
N
= 39; 25 females, 14 males;
M
age
= 30.1 years,
SD
= 10.3) were recruited from the Cystic Fibrosis Care Center at Oregon Health & Science University. Patients completed the validated questionnaires to ascertain their experiences with ototoxicity-related symptoms of tinnitus and balance function. The diagnosis of CFRD, including oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), insulin treatment, hemoglobin A1c, and cumulative IV-AG treatment history, was obtained through a medical chart review. Participants were classified into three groups based on their medical diagnoses via OGTT: normal glucose tolerance (NGT; control;
n
= 16), abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT;
n
= 9), and CFRD (
n
= 14). Participants in each group were further classified based on survey outcomes for ototoxicity-related symptoms.

Results:

There was a trend toward a higher proportion of patients with CFRD reporting tinnitus compared to the AGT and NGT groups, but did not meet statistical significance (
X
2
= 2.24,
p
= .13). Approximately, 43% of patients with CFRD reported experiencing clinically significant tinnitus lasting > 3 min compared to 11% in the AGT group and 13% in the NGT group (
X
2
= 3.751,
p
= .05). Cumulative IV-AG exposure tended to be higher in CFRD compared to other groups. High balance function was generally reported in all groups.

Conclusions:
Patients with CFRD have greater ototoxicity-related symptoms. Further investigation of the relationship between CF-related comorbidities and the risk of developing ototoxicity-related symptoms is warranted to improve the detection and management of ototoxicity in PwCF.
Single image dehazing via decomposition and enhancement
Authors: Gu Bo , Yao Haohan , Sun Yanjun , Duan Zhonghang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHazy images suffer from two problems. The low contrast can be enhanced by estimating a transmission layer, and the colour cast can be restored by estimating an airlight. These two variables, together with the albedo layer, are the constitutive elements of a hazy image. The resulting quality of dehazed images is inextricably linked to the accurate estimation of these components. However, it is ill‐posed to decompose these variables from a single image. As such, this paper presents an innovative algorithm intended to facilitate the optimal decomposition of a hazy image. Using the Markov random field model, an optimal framework is established that allows the simultaneous estimation of the three components across the three‐colour channels. To improve the visual quality, three improvements are proposed in the variational solution for the optimal components. The dehazed result is recomposed from the components with the transmission enhanced to circumvent any potential artefacts or information loss. Extensive experiments on natural images corroborate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state‐of‐the‐art dehazing methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Study of the decoupling magnetic integrated high‐frequency transformer for DC/DC converter
Authors: Chen Dezhi , Zhang Shichong , Bai Baodong , Zhang Zhixiang , Yang Zhaoning 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe isolated DC/DC converter plays an irreplaceable role in the development of the DC microgrid. However, the multiple discrete high‐frequency transformers occupy considerable volume in power converters due to the connection of multiple isolated converters. In order to reduce the number of discrete transformers and increase the power density as well as the reliability of the power converter, a three‐port isolated DC/DC converter with a decoupling magnetic integrated high‐frequency transformer (DMIHFT) is proposed for the DC microgrid in this paper. The semiconductor count of the proposed converter is reduced by combining one DAB converter and two LLC converters. Three discrete transformers are integrated into a single common core, and magnetic decoupling is achieved among each transformer by rational design at the same time. In addition, the magnetic circuit model derivation process of the proposed DMIHFT and the operation principles of the converter are described in detail. The design guidance of the proposed DMIHFT is present. And then, a 15 kW/20 kHz DMIHFT is designed based on the design guideline, and the simulation is carried out. Finally, a 15 kW/20 kHz DMIHFT prototype is fabricated, and the effectiveness of the proposed DMIHFT is verified by experimental results.
Evaluation of radiation dose and establishment of local DRLs for adult during abdominopelvic CT scan imaging for university hospital centers, Morocco
Authors: Semghouli S. , El Hamidi L. , Aabid M. , Amaoui B. 
Published: November 2023

Objective: In this study, we have planned to establish the local Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) for the five University Hospital Centers in Morocco and to propose a national DRL for abdominopelvic CT examinations for adult patients.
Materials and methods: Data were collected using a specially designed form, which included patient demographics, exposure parameters and dosimetric indicators such as dose-length product (DLP) and CT volume dose index (CTDIvol). The establishment of local and national DRL in terms of CTDIvol and DLP was carried out in accordance with the methodology described in Report 135 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The effective dose was assessed using the DLP and the dose conversion factor appropriate for this location.
Results: A total of 300 patients undergoing abdominopelvic examinations at the five Moroccan university hospitals were collected for this study. Patients' mean age, weight and BMI were (50.97 ± 15.05) years (67.94 ± 11.41) Kg and (25.71 ± 3.03) Kg/m2 respectively. The local DRL, in terms of DLP were 551.56, 2293.33, 709.02, 843.52 and 1059.62 mGy-cm and in terms of CTDIvol were 11,05, 46,40, 13,14, 12,01, 9,88 mGy respectively for UHC-1, UHC-2, UHC-3, UHC-4 and UHC-5 hospitals. The proposed National DRL, defined as a single value for the 75th percentile on the aggregation of data from the five centers, for abdominopelvic scan CT was 773.20 mGy.cm and 12.05 mGy for DLP and CTDIvol, respectively.
Conclusion: The Moroccan DRL was comparable to those of other countries, ranking 10th among 21 countries. However, we are still seeking to reduce and optimize radiation dose while maintaining good image quality for reliable diagnosis, and this can be achieved by enhancing radiographers' and radiologists' knowledge of radiation protection, protocol justification, and optimization through rigorous hospital radiation audits at national level.
Role of Serum Procalcitonin in Prediction of Severity in Patients with Acute Cholangitis
Authors: Bilal Mir , Shaheena Parveen , Chauhan Ashish , Syed Mushfiq , Tahir Majeed , Mir Nadeem , Najar Rameez , Acharya Kalpana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Cholangitis is one of the commonest emergencies encountered by gastroenterologists that may warrant drainage of biliary system. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is an important biomarker of cholangitis with a potential to guide early therapeutic decision.
Materials and Methods We did a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data of patients admitted in the hospital from March 2018 to September 2020 with a diagnosis of acute cholangitis based on Tokyo 18 guidelines (TG-18). All the demographic parameters, biochemical and hematological parameters, and the result were recorded.
Results One-hundred two patients were admitted to our hospital with a mean age of 51.07 ± 7.99 years, among which 58.5% (59/102) were females with most common etiology being choledocholithiasis (64%). Fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain were seen in 78% (80/102), 73.3% (74/102), and 76.9% (78/102) of patients, respectively. Organ failure was seen in 29.3% (29/102) of patients with most common organ failure being acute kidney injury. Mild, moderate, and severe cholangitis as per TG-13 was seen in 43.9, 26.8, and 29.3% of patients, respectively. Elevated PCT levels were associated with severe disease (76.7 vs. 26.5%, p < 0.05). Forty-three percent (44/102) patients were managed with delayed biliary drainage, while the majority of remaining specifically with raised PCT levels needed early endoscopic intervention.
Conclusion In this retrospective analysis, we showed that most common etiology of cholangitis in was choledocholithiasis. Raised serum PCT levels were significantly associated with increased severity of cholangitis.
Early is Better: Report of a Cowden Syndrome
Authors: Di Nora A. , Pellino G. , Di Mari A. , Scarlata F. , Greco F. , Pavone P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the clinical practice, it is not common for pediatricians to visit children with overgrowth phenotype. When it happens, it is important to focus on the age of manifestations and research the pathogenic causes using appropriate genetic test. Cowden syndrome is one of these rare causes; it is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by multiple hamartomas of ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal origin. It is caused by loss of function mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene located on chromosome 10q23.1 Loss of function of the PTEN gene contributes to overgrowth and risk for a variety of cancers including breast, thyroid, endometrium, skin, kidneys, and colon. The early diagnosis of Cowden disease allows a careful monitoring of the patients who are facing the risk of cancer transformation, which is the principal complication of the condition.
Does the Belt and Road Initiative promote international innovation cooperation?
Authors: Xiao Weiwei , Xue Qihang , Yi Xing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInternational innovation cooperation is crucial to the enhancement of national technological innovation capabilities in the context of globalization. Does the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as a major international initiative, promote innovation cooperation between China and BRI partner countries? Taking the top 80 global countries in innovation capability as the research sample, this paper uses the DID method to answer this question. The empirical results show that the BRI indeed promoted innovation cooperation between them to a certain extent. Specifically, it significantly increased the proportion of their cooperative patents in China’s total patents, and the promotion effect was more obvious for countries with better economic foundations. Furthermore, the mechanism tests indicate that shortening the institutional distance, strengthening the exchange of scientific and technological talents, and stimulating cultural differences were important mechanisms promoting their innovation cooperation. Although the BRI did not significantly increase the proportion of cooperative patents in BRI partner countries’ total patents, it effectively improved their innovation foundations and capabilities.
On the design of low phase noise and flat spectrum optical parametric frequency comb
Authors: Cai Yijia , Sohanpal Ronit , Luo Yuan , Heidt Alexander M. , Liu Zhixin 
Published: November 2023

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) have become increasingly pervasive in recent years, with their advantageous frequency coherence properties enabling significant developments in numerous fields, such as optical communications, spectroscopy, and microwave signal processing. Recent interest in OFC development emphasizes minimizing and mitigating phase noise of individual comb lines for high-quality signal generation, processing, and detection. Cavity-less electro-optic combs and parametric combs are attractive sources for these applications in that they permit flat spectra, tunable tone spacing, and robustness to temperature variations. Although previous research has demonstrated broadband parametric OFC generation, the scaling of the phase noise has not been systematically investigated. Here, we demonstrate a 25 GHz-spacing cavity-less parametric OFC generator and investigate the interaction between electronic and optical noise sources that affect its phase noise and linewidth. In addition, we study the optimal design of a nonlinear amplified loop mirror based pulse shaper with a focus on the impact of pump power on the signal-to-pedestal power ratio, which ultimately influences the spectral flatness and the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) after the parametric expansion. Notably, we design the OFC using all polarization-maintaining (PM) components, demonstrating the performance of PM highly nonlinear fibers in parametric comb generation. This results in a PM cavity-less comb with &lt;9 dB power variation over 110 nm, &gt;0 dBm power per tone, &lt;10 kHz linewidth, and &gt;23 dB OSNR. These characteristics make it highly desirable for application in communication and signal processing.
DMA controller design based on SHA-1 dual channel improvement algorithm
Authors: Wang Wei , He Cong , Shi Jia Qi 
Published: November 2023

In order to make direct memory access (DMA) high-speed transmission while ensuring the security and integrity of data, the traditional Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is improved from the algorithm model and hardware architecture level by adopting the methods of data synchronization preprocessing and multi-block multi-output, and a dual-channel design with instant data comparison and data error correction functions adapted to high-speed DMA is achieved. The simulation results show that the maximum clock frequency of the DMA controller is 120 MHz and the throughput rate is up to 3.8 Gbps. The improved comparison channel can output the message summary at an interval of 0.56 μs, whereas the traditional algorithm needs to wait five times as long as the data handling time. The error correction channel also implements multi-block output and error block indexing. The results show that the improved dual-channel design based on the SHA algorithm can be highly adapted to DMA controllers and has good application prospects.
Deletion of Vβ3
+
CD4
+
T cells by endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus 3 prevents type 1 diabetes induction by autoreactive CD8
+
T cells
Authors: Ye Cheng , Clements Sadie A. , Gu Weihong , Geurts Aron M. , Mathews Clayton E. , Serreze David. V. , Chen Yi-Guang , Driver John P. 
Published: November 2023

In both humans and NOD mice, type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells by T cells. Interactions between both helper CD4
+
and cytotoxic CD8
+
T cells are essential for T1D development in NOD mice. Previous work has indicated that pathogenic T cells arise from deleterious interactions between relatively common genes which regulate aspects of T cell activation/effector function (
Ctla4, Tnfrsf9,
Il2/Il21
), peptide presentation (

H2-A
g7

,
B2m
), and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling (
Ptpn22
). Here, we used a combination of subcongenic mapping and a CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify the NOD-encoded mammary tumor virus (
Mtv
)3 provirus as a genetic element affecting CD4
+
/CD8
+
T cell interactions through an additional mechanism, altering the TCR repertoire.
Mtv3
encodes a superantigen (SAg) that deletes the majority of Vβ3
+
thymocytes in NOD mice. Ablating
Mtv3
and restoring Vβ3
+
T cells has no effect on spontaneous T1D development in NOD mice. However, transferring
Mtv3
to C57BL/6 (B6) mice congenic for the NOD

H2
g7

MHC haplotype (B6.

H2
g7

) completely blocks their normal susceptibility to T1D mediated by transferred CD8
+
T cells transgenically expressing AI4 or NY8.3 TCRs. The entire genetic effect is manifested by Vβ3
+
CD4
+
T cells, which unless deleted by
Mtv3
, accumulate in insulitic lesions triggering in B6 background mice the pathogenic activation of diabetogenic CD8
+
T cells. Our findings provide evidence that endogenous
Mtv
SAgs can influence autoimmune responses. Furthermore, since most common mouse strains have gaps in their TCR Vβ repertoire due to
Mtvs
, it raises questions about the role of
Mtvs
in other mouse models designed to reflect human immune disorders.
Register differences and intra-register variation of elicited texts
Authors: Cvrček Václav , Laubeová Zuzana , Lukeš David , Poukarová Petra , Řehořková Anna , Zasina Adrian Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study examines functional differences between texts elicited under different scenarios (both between- and intra-register variation). Text elicitation is used (in linguistics and other disciplines) to control for the conditions of production and in the hopes of observing different reactions to scenarios emulating real-life situations. However, it entails a series of questions: How well does the collected data correspond to real-world situations? How to design scenarios to be meaningfully distinct in terms of the language they elicit? In order to examine the linguistic variability of scenarios and to assess their ecological validity, the present study maps Czech elicited texts onto a previously established general-purpose multi-dimensional model of register variability. One of the takeaways is that scenarios mimicking informal situations are particularly conducive to obtaining responses with high intra-register variation, which makes them more likely than formal ones to reflect variability induced by for example different psychological characteristics of participants.