bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants in prenatal antidepressant use and continuation: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Marr Ketevan , Maguet Charlotte , Scarlett Honor , Dray‐Spira Rosemary , Dubertret Caroline , Gressier Florence , Sutter‐Dallay Anne‐Laure , Melchior Maria , van der Waerden Judith 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionDepression is one of the most common co‐morbidities during pregnancy; with severe symptoms, antidepressants are sometimes recommended. Social determinants are often linked with antidepressant use in the general population, and it is not known if this is the case for pregnant populations. Our objective was to determine if social determinants are associated with prenatal antidepressant intake via a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic search of five databases was conducted to identify publications from inception to October 2022 that reported associations with prenatal antidepressant intake (use/continuation) and one or more social determinants: education, race, immigration status, relationship, income, or employment. Eligible studies were included in random effects meta‐analyses.ResultsA total of 23 articles describing 22 studies were included. Education was significantly and positively associated with prenatal antidepressant continuation and heterogeneity was moderate. (Odds ratio = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.89; p < 0.00001; I2 = 53%). Meta‐analyses of antidepressant use and education, race, and relationship status, and antidepressant continuation and income were not significant with high levels of heterogeneity.DiscussionWhile most social determinants in this review were not linked with prenatal antidepressant intake, lower maternal education level does seem to be associated with lower rates of prenatal antidepressant continuation.ConclusionsEducation appears to be linked with prenatal antidepressant intake. The low number of included studies precludes conclusive evidence for other social determinants.
Quantifying the benefits of early sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet initiation in children
Authors: Hamelmann Eckard , Hammerby Eva , Scharling Katrine Skaarup , Pedersen Mikkel , Okkels Anna , Schmitt Jochen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airway, which progresses into allergic asthma (AA) in up to 45% of children. This analysis aimed to investigate clinical and economic benefits of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT tablets) initiated early in childhood for the treatment of AR by quantifying the long‐term reduction in new cases of AA.MethodsA Markov model was developed to estimate the long‐term effects of SLIT tablets on the risk of developing asthma. Key parameters were primarily based on data from the GRAZAX® Asthma Prevention trial and included the age‐ and treatment‐dependent risk of developing AA as well as annual probabilities of progression/remission in AR severity. Healthcare costs were estimated using data from the REACT study.ResultsIn a modelled cohort of children with moderate‐to‐severe seasonal AR initiated on SLIT tablets at ages 7 and 12, 24% and 29%, respectively, develop AA during a 20‐year period. In comparison, when initiated at age 5, 19% develop AA. Additionally, initiation of SLIT tablets at age 5 is associated with a total healthcare cost of EUR 20,429 per patient, whereas initiation at ages 7 and 12 is associated with, respectively, EUR 21,050 and EUR 22,379 per patient 20 years after AR diagnosis.ConclusionInitiation of SLIT tablets in early childhood is associated with a clinically meaningful and permanent reduction in new cases of AA and lower healthcare costs among children with AR. This finding supports the clinical relevance of initiating SLIT tablets early for children with AR to obtain long‐term clinical benefits.
Numerical methods for hemolysis and thrombus evaluation in the percutaneous ventricular assist device
Authors: Xu Ke‐Wei , Liu Xing‐Li , He Bo , Gao Qi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundA percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) is an effective method to treat heart failure, but its complications, mainly hemolysis and thrombus formation, cannot be ignored. Accurate evaluation of hemolysis and thrombus formation in pVAD is essential to guide the development of pVAD and reduce the incidence of complications.MethodsThis study optimized the numerical model to predict hemolysis and thrombus formation in pVAD. The hemolysis model is based on the power law function, and the multi‐component thrombus prediction model is improved by introducing the von Willebrand factor.ResultsThe error between the numerical simulation and the hydraulic performance experiment is within 5%. The numerical results of hemolysis are in good agreement with those of in vitro experiments. Meanwhile, the thrombus location predicted by the numerical model is the same as that found in the in vivo experiment.ConclusionThe numerical model suggested in this study may therefore accurately assess the possible hemolytic and thrombotic dangers in pVAD, making it an effective tool to support the development of pVAD.
Experimental validation of the power law hemolysis model using a Couette shearing device
Authors: Froese Vera , Goubergrits Leonid , Kertzscher Ulrich , Lommel Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe study of blood trauma, such as hemolysis in blood‐carrying devices, is crucial due to the high incidence of adverse events like alteration of blood function, bleeding, and multi‐organ failure. The extent of flow‐induced hemolysis, predominantly influenced by stress duration and intensity, is described by established model parameters based on the power law approach. In recent years, various parameters were determined using different Couette shearing devices and donor species. However, they have not been validated due to limited experimental data.MethodsThis study provides hemolysis measurements in a Couette shearing device and evaluates the suitability of different power law parameters. The revised Couette shearing device generates well‐defined dynamic stress loads that are repeatedly applied to blood samples at a defined temperature. Human blood samples with an adjusted hematocrit of 30%, were tested with varying repetitions (20 to 80 times). The half‐sinusoidal stress loads had amplitudes of 73 to 140 Pa and exposure times of 24 msec per repetition. The parameters of five common power law hemolysis approaches were then compared with the experimental data.ResultsThe prediction with the power law model parameters C = 3.458 × 10−6, α = 0.2777 and β = 2.0639 showed a good agreement with the experimental results.ConclusionThe effect of multiple short‐time stresses on hemolysis was investigated to validate the power law hemolysis model with the Couette shearing device of this study.
Long‐term effects of pollen allergoid tyrosine‐adsorbed subcutaneous immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Vogelberg Christian , Klimek Ludger , Kruppert Silvia , Becker Sven 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) may have a long‐term disease‐modifying effect. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the long‐term effects of pollen allergoid tyrosine‐adsorbed subcutaneous AIT on allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AA) in clinical practice.MethodsThis retrospective study, funded by an AIT manufacturer, analysed the impact of AIT on AR progression and onset of need for AA medication, using a German database covering ~35% of national prescriptions during 2008–2020. Anonymized prescription data of AR patients aged 5–65 years treated with grass or tree pollen AIT between 2009 and 2013 and followed for at least 2 years after AIT cessation were compared with matched control patients with seasonal AR.Results181,496 patients received AIT prescriptions. 5959 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median AIT treatment duration was 1092 days and the follow‐up duration was 6.4 years. Less patients treated with AIT received prescriptions for symptomatic AR medication in the follow‐up versus controls (AIT: OR: 0.37; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.34, 0.40; p < .001, tyrosine‐adsorbed AIT: OR: 0.27; 95% CI 0.20, 0.35 p < .001). Less asthmatic patients under AIT received prescriptions for AA medications versus controls (AIT: OR: 0.48; 95% CI 0.41, 0.55; p < .001, tyrosine‐adsorbed AIT: OR: 0.48; 95% CI 0.29, 0.79; p = .004). AR and AA medication prescriptions for AIT patients were reduced in the follow‐up versus baseline and controls (AIT: AR: 20.0%; 1.5 vs. 0.2 prescriptions; AA: 29.1%; 2.0 vs. 0.6 prescriptions, p < .001; tyrosine‐adsorbed AIT: AR: 24.2%, 1.4 vs. 0.2 prescriptions; AA: 35.6%, 2.1 vs. 0.6 prescriptions, p < .001). The probability of AA medication onset in non‐asthmatic patients during follow‐up was reduced for AIT patients compared to controls (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.66, 0.90; p = .001). All endpoints were significant for children/adolescents and adults in stratified analyses.ConclusionsWe found evidence for long‐term effects up to 9.5 years for tyrosine‐adsorbed AIT.
Lipids from ocular meibum and tears may serve as biomarkers for depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gary Ashlyn A. , Prislovsky Amanda , Tovar Arianna , Locatelli Elyana , Felix Elizabeth R. , Stephenson Daniel , Chalfant Charles E. , Lai James , Kim Colin , Mandal Nawajes , Galor Anat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to develop biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of treatment responses in depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsCross‐sectional study examining correlations between tear inflammatory proteins, meibum and tear sphingolipids, and symptoms of depression and PTSD‐associated anxiety. Ninety individuals filled depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9, PHQ‐9) and PTSD‐associated anxiety (PTSD Checklist‐Military Version, PCL‐M) questionnaires. In 40 patients, a multiplex assay system was used to quantify 23 inflammatory proteins in tears. In a separate group of 50 individuals, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was performed on meibum and tears to quantify 34 species of sphingolipids, encompassing ceramides, monohexosyl ceramides and sphingomyelins.ResultsThe mean age of the population was 59.4 ± 11.0 years; 89.0% self‐identified as male, 34.4% as White, 64.4% as Black, and 16.7% as Hispanic. The mean PHQ‐9 score was 11.1 ± 7.6, and the mean PCL‐M score was 44.3 ± 19.1. Symptoms of depression and PTSD‐associated anxiety were highly correlated (ρ =0.75, p < 0.001). Both PHQ9 and PCL‐M scores negatively correlated with multiple sphingolipid species in meibum and tears. In multivariable models, meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 26:0 (pmol), tear Ceramide 16:0 (mol%), meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 16:0 (mol%), and tear Ceramide 26:1 (mol%) remained associated with depression and meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 16:0 (mol%), meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 26:0 (pmol), tear Sphingomyelin 20:0 (mol%), and tear Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate (mol%) remained associated with PTSD‐associated anxiety.ConclusionsCertain meibum and tear sphingolipid species were related to mental health indices. These interactions present opportunities for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for mental health disorders.
Consistency and Variation in Reasoning About Physical Assembly
Authors: McCarthy William P. , Kirsh David , Fan Judith E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ability to reason about how things were made is a pervasive aspect of how humans make sense of physical objects. Such reasoning is useful for a range of everyday tasks, from assembling a piece of furniture to making a sandwich and knitting a sweater. What enables people to reason in this way even about novel objects, and how do people draw upon prior experience with an object to continually refine their understanding of how to create it? To explore these questions, we developed a virtual task environment to investigate how people come up with step‐by‐step procedures for recreating block towers whose composition was not readily apparent, and analyzed how the procedures they used to build them changed across repeated attempts. Specifically, participants (N = 105) viewed 2D silhouettes of eight unique block towers in a virtual environment simulating rigid‐body physics, and aimed to reconstruct each one in less than 60 s. We found that people built each tower more accurately and quickly across repeated attempts, and that this improvement reflected both group‐level convergence upon a tiny fraction of all possible viable procedures, as well as error‐dependent updating across successive attempts by the same individual. Taken together, our study presents a scalable approach to measuring consistency and variation in how people infer solutions to physical assembly problems.
Artificial intelligence control for trust‐based detection of attackers in 5G social networks
Authors: Kaur Davinder , Uslu Suleyman , Durresi Mimoza , Durresi Arjan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study introduces a comprehensive framework designed for detecting and mitigating fake and potentially threatening user communities within 5G social networks. Leveraging geo‐location data, community trust dynamics, and AI‐driven community detection algorithms, this framework aims to pinpoint users posing potential harm. Including an artificial control model facilitates the selection of suitable community detection algorithms, coupled with a trust‐based strategy to effectively identify and filter potential attackers. A distinctive feature of this framework lies in its ability to consider attributes that prove challenging for malicious users to emulate, such as the established trust within the community, geographical location, and adaptability to diverse attack scenarios. To validate its efficacy, we illustrate the framework using synthetic social network data, demonstrating its ability to distinguish potential malicious users from trustworthy ones.
A pragmatic approach for integrating molecular tools into biodiversity conservation
Authors: Bertola Laura D. , Brüniche‐Olsen Anna , Kershaw Francine , Russo Isa‐Rita M. , MacDonald Anna J. , Sunnucks Paul , Bruford Michael W. , Cadena Carlos Daniel , Ewart Kyle M. , de Bruyn Mark , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Frankham Richard , Guayasamin Juan M. , Grueber Catherine E. , Hoareau Thierry B. , Hoban Sean , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Hunter Margaret E. , Kotze Antoinette , Kuja Josiah , Lacy Robert C. , Laikre Linda , Lo Nathan , Meek Mariah H. , Mergeay Joachim , Mittan‐Moreau Cinnamon , Neaves Linda E. , O'Brien David , Ochieng Joel W. , Ogden Rob , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo , Páez‐Vacas Mónica , Pierson Jennifer , Ralls Katherine , Shaw Robyn E. , Sogbohossou Etotépé A. , Stow Adam , Steeves Tammy , Vernesi Cristiano , Watsa Mrinalini , Segelbacher Gernot 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMolecular tools are increasingly applied for assessing and monitoring biodiversity and informing conservation action. While recent developments in genetic and genomic methods provide greater sensitivity in analysis and the capacity to address new questions, they are not equally available to all practitioners: There is considerable bias across institutions and countries in access to technologies, funding, and training. Consequently, in many cases, more accessible traditional genetic data (e.g., microsatellites) are still utilized for making conservation decisions. Conservation approaches need to be pragmatic by tackling clearly defined management questions and using the most appropriate methods available, while maximizing the use of limited resources. Here we present some key questions to consider when applying the molecular toolbox for accessible and actionable conservation management. Finally, we highlight a number of important steps to be addressed in a collaborative way, which can facilitate the broad integration of molecular data into conservation.
Understanding the multiple architectural modernities in colonial and postindependence Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemo Adekunle , Amole Bayo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the multiple architectural modernities in colonial and postindependence Nigeria. After examining the theoretical basis for multiple modernities and the use of architecture as a vehicle to study modernity, it identifies the colonial, tropical, and postcolonial modern as multiple architectural modernities that existed in colonial and postcolonial Nigeria. The criteria with which the multiple modernities were delineated were historical settings, key participants, distinguishing features, and meanings. This provides a plausible framework to understand modernities in other contexts beyond architecture and opens the possibility of elucidating various modernities and enriching the repository of modern heritage. Devising such broad definitions of modern heritage responds to the call of the Cape Town Document on Modern Heritage for expanded definitions of what constitutes the modern, while enabling the accounting for and stratification of multiple memories and narratives, and the inclusion of many types of modern architecture in conservation conversations.
Decolonizing African (hi)stories through visual arts: African contemporary art as a way of looking back and moving ahead
Authors: Barry Alyssa K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConsidered for a long time by the art world as “primitive,” African art has always been used by Africans as a way of telling the story of their time, of establishing a connection between the visible and the invisible, the here and the hereafter. With colonization and then Independence, the notion and forms of African art have evolved through complex and diverse encounters with modernity to a contemporary art form that reflects the multiple identities of the continent and its diasporas. While the notion of modern art was initially strongly influenced by the West, as evidenced by the first schools of arts established on the continent, it gradually asserted its place and identity as both universal and specific to the continent and its history. This (r)evolution is taking place through two parallel movements, both within and outside Africa, supported by the organization of major international and regional events and the establishment of dedicated art spaces in Africa and globally.
Vaccine Hesitancy among Informal Workers: Gendered Geographies of Informality in Lahore
Authors: Mohmand Shandana , Boogaard Vanessa van den , Gallien Max , Javed Umair 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTWhat is the relationship between trust in the state and vaccine hesitancy among a marginalized sub‐population? This article explores attitudes towards COVID‐19 vaccination programmes of informal workers in the context of Lahore, Pakistan, and draws on in‐depth conversations with informal workers across four sectors in 2021. It finds a surprising disconnect between vaccine scepticism and actual decisions to have the vaccination. Those that were vaccinated did not necessarily believe in its effectiveness, while trust in the state did not critically shape health‐seeking behaviour. The article observes striking sectoral variation in perceptions of the pandemic and willingness to get vaccinated, with greater scepticism and hesitancy among male‐dominated street vendors and transport workers relative to females working as home‐based sub‐contractors and domestic workers. It argues that this is driven by workers’ heterogeneous access to and interaction with work and public space, which shaped how they experienced lockdowns, interacted with the state and other actors during the pandemic and perceived the risks of the pandemic. The article's findings highlight heterogeneous dynamics within the informal economy, which it refers to as the gendered geographies of work and movement, and how these can play a critical role in shaping responses to public health measures beyond the context of the informal economy.
Drivers and mechanisms that contribute to microbial β‐diversity patterns and range sizes in mountains across a climatic variability gradient
Authors: Zhang Yazhou , Aaron Hogan J. , Crowther Thomas W. , Xu Shijia , Zhao Rensheng , Song Pengfei , Cui Mufeng , Song Xiaoyang , Cao Min , Yang Jie 
Published: December 2023

Microbial communities are highly diverse, yet the mechanisms underlying microbial community assembly are not well understood. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis proposed that climatic barriers and dispersal limitation shape communities to a greater extent in mountains with lower climatic variability and overlap, permitting higher levels of species coexistence. Here, we investigate changes in microbial community dissimilarities, distributional range sizes and ecological processes along elevational gradients in three montane ecosystems representing a climatic variability gradient. We found that climate, climatic variability and spatial distance play dominating roles in affecting microbial β‐diversity patterns and range sizes along elevational gradients. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis can be applied to microbial community assembly: mountains with lower climatic variability and higher climatic difference between elevations exhibited higher β‐diversity, higher endemism, lower range sizes and steeper distance–decay trends. However, microbial communities experience clear climate‐driven limited range sizes and dispersal processes, and show typical endemic patterns, in all mountain ecosystems. Our results emphasize the importance of dispersal and climatic niche processes in shaping montane biodiversity. As a result, changes in climate may significantly impact soil biodiversity in montane ecosystems by altering the effects of dispersal limitation and climatic variability on bacterial and fungal community composition along elevational gradients.Keywords: community assembly, dispersal limitation, β‐diversity, montane biodiversity, microbial community
Adaptation, Activism, and the Looming Climate Disaster†
Authors: Warnick Bryan R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is likely that the process of global climate change will continue to accelerate. There is a lack of political will to confront the problem and the consequences for humanity — including widespread suffering and institutional destabilization — will be disastrous. How should educators respond to a catastrophic future? Here, Bryan Warnick argues that two criteria should guide the educational response. The response should not (1) undermine efforts to find an “unprecedented solution” to climate change, or (2) leave students unprepared to adapt to a global catastrophe. Using these criteria, he analyzes several possible ways to help students adapt to disaster, including teaching survivalism, encouraging forms of emotional resilience (like the Stoic apatheia), and helping students to appreciate the current moment. These adaptive responses seem to violate the first criterion. At the same time, an educational response focused entirely on climate activism seems to violate the second criterion. Warnick ends by exploring ways to accommodate the need for both adaptation and social engagement, finding promise in the idea of a tragic activism.
The Child as the Medium of Education
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInquiries into the medium of education take up a question that has so far usually been answered teleologically or psychologically. The coherence of educational endeavors has been illustrated by their objective, and this again has been illustrated by the changes in the state of the educatees. The difficulty of such an approach is that no educator is able to know the inner state of the educatee, i.e., that which the latter really experiences, remembers, and expects during the process of education. Moreover, the drawback of all teleology is that it does not provide a concept for understanding the frequent failure of these efforts. Here, Niklas Luhmann demonstrates that this kind of teleological theory can be replaced by the distinction between medium and form.