bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary fat consumption in male students
Authors: Packman J. , Kirk S. F. L. 
Published: March 2003

Background This pilot study aimed to explore the nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary fat consumption in male students attending Leeds Metropolitan University.Methods A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine the fat intakes of subjects. This was incorporated into a questionnaire designed to measure nutritional knowledge and attitudes. Questions were also asked about the subject characteristics, such as weight, height and alcohol consumption.Results Eighty subjects were approached, from whom 56 questionnaires were returned completed. The results revealed few significant differences between subject characteristics according to fat intakes, with the exception of alcohol consumption, which was greater in the high fat consumers. The main findings of the study were that subjects with a high fat intake had significantly more negative attitudes towards reducing fat consumption compared with those who had a lower fat intake. However, there was no statistically significant difference between nutritional knowledge and fat consumption and no relationship was found between level of nutritional knowledge and attitudes.Conclusion It was concluded that negative attitudes towards reducing fat consumption might be more important barriers to dietary change than level of nutritional knowledge in male students. This constitutes an important target for health promoters in encouraging dietary change in men.
Diet‐related knowledge, beliefs and actions of health professionals compared with the general population: an investigation in a community Trust
Authors: Barratt J. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundDietary change is advocated for the prevention and treatment of a number of major diseases, and the implicit and explicit assumption is that health professionals have a major role in promoting diet change. Previous studies of doctors and nurses have shown their knowledge to be inadequate. Other health professionals have not been investigated.MethodsParts of a questionnaire used in a national study of the general public were administered to groups of health professionals from a variety of disciplines working in a community Trust. The results were compared with those from the study of the general public, for which the questionnaire had been devised.Results358 questionnaires were completed. There was little difference between the knowledge, beliefs and actions of health professionals and the general public.ConclusionIf health professionals are to continue to be expected to promote healthy eating messages there will need to be a more systematic approach to their training about nutrition.
Case study of the clinical usefulness of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in evaluating nutritional status
Authors: Barendregt K. , Cox‐Reijven P. L. M. , Hogen E. van den , Beijer S. , Geerlings P. , Soeters P. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) can be a valuable tool in assessing changes in body composition. Although the validity of BIS in healthy subjects is relatively good, in patients considerably larger measurement errors have been reported. In this article the clinical usefulness of BIS in assessing nutritional status of one case study will be discussed. Interpretation of the predictions of BIS in this unstable patient was difficult. This is in agreement with the consensus that BIS does not give accurate prediction of body composition in individual patients. It is recommended that validation studies of BIS should focus on clinical aspects which can influence BIS measurements.
Effect of participant motivation on rapid dietary changes in an intervention trial
Authors: Poore K. M. , Depper J. B. , Heilbrun L. K. , Lababidi S. , Covington C. , Djuric Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundDietary intervention research with free‐living subjects relies on the ability of study participants to meet their dietary goals within the study timeframe. Little is known about underlying factors affecting compliance.MethodHere, we examined whether motivation to enrol in a trial of low‐fat and/or energy‐reduced diets influenced the ability of healthy women to reach their dietary goals quickly.ResultsOf the women who had energy‐reduction goals (n=43), the 18 with an altruistic reason for participation had a much higher energy reduction success rate at 4 weeks (83%) than the 25 who gave self‐rewarding reasons (48%).ConclusionsEducation, body weight, family history of cancer and previous diet experience did not appreciably affect dietary outcomes. This observation suggests that the societal importance of the research should be stressed in strategies that seek to affect rapid reduction of energy intake in clinical trials.
Early play behaviour in children with 5p‐ (Cri‐du‐Chat) syndrome
Authors: Sarimski K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground 5p‐ (Cri‐du‐Chat) syndrome (5p‐S) is a well defined chromosomal condition. While the physical symptoms have frequently been documented, the developmental and behavioural aspects of the syndrome have not been explored adequately, especially in young children.Method Mental level, and complexity and style of play were analysed in 10 children who were homogeneously selected with respect to their chronological age (range = 2–7 years).Results A high rate of distractability and alow level of object‐directed behaviours were observed in the play sessions. The findings were compared to two comparison groups (subjects with Down's syndrome or Cornelia‐de‐Lange syndrome) matched for mental age in order to analyse the specificity of these behavioural features for young children with 5p‐S.Conclusions A low level of object‐directed behaviours may be an early precursor of hyperactivity, distractability and stereotypy, which have been reported to be the characteristic features of the behavioural phenotype of older individuals with 5p‐S.
Liposuction in Dercum's disease: impact on haemostatic factors associated with cardiovascular disease and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Berntorp  , Berntorp  , Brorson  , Frick  
Published: March 2003

Berntorp E, Berntorp K, Brorson H, Frick K (University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden). Liposuction in Dercum's disease: impact on haemostatic factors associated with cardiovascular disease and insulin sensitivity. J Intern Med 1998; 243: 197–201.ObjectiveTo study the impact of adipose tissue removal by liposuction on factors associated with increased risk of cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease within the coagulation and fibrinolytic system and glucose metabolism.Design, setting and subjectsLiposuction was performed in 53 patients with Dercum's disease. The levels of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity (PAI‐1) were measured preoperatively, and 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. In a subsample of 10 patients, insulin sensitivity was determined before and 2–4 weeks after surgery using the 2‐h euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique. The study was performed as a single‐centre study.Main outcome measureFibrinogen, PAI‐1 and VWF:Ag levels, and glucose uptake before and after removal of adipose tissue.ResultsWeight reduction was sustained throughout the follow‐up period with a mean decrease from 90.7 to 86.6 kg (P < 0.0001). There was a slight increase in levels of coagulation factors 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively, probably in reaction to the surgical trauma. After 3 months the values had returned to preoperative levels except for PAI‐1, which still showed a slight increase (P < 0.05). In the subsample of 10 patients, glucose uptake was improved (P < 0.05) from a short‐term perspective after surgery.ConclusionSurgical removal of adipose tissue, without change in lifestyle, does not seem to improve the levels of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors associated with cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease, whereas glucose takeup may be facilitated and insulin sensitivity increases from a short‐term perspective.
The importance of tubulointerstitial injury in the early phase of primary glomerular disease
Authors: Hruby  , Smolska  , Filipowski  , Rabczyn'ski  , Cies'lar  , Kopec'  
Published: March 2003

AbstractHruby Z, Smolska D, Filipowski H, Rabczyn'ski J, Cies'lar E, Kopec' W, Dulawa J. (University of Medicine, Wroczlaw; and Silesian Academy of Medicine, Katowice; Poland). The importance of tubulointerstitial injury in the early phase of primary glomerular disease. J Intern Med 1998; 243: 215–22.ObjectivesAs tubulointerstitial damage is regarded secondary to glomerular injury in primary glomerulopathies, we assessed lesions to renal tubulointerstitium in recently diagnosed primary glomerular diseases and evaluated their impact on progression of the disease during the first 2 years after diagnosis.DesignA nonrandomized prospective study assessing tubulointerstitial morphometry at diagnosis, markers of tubular function within the next 6 months and progression of the disease (creatinine clearance) during 24 months' follow‐up.SettingSingle tertiary referral centre.SubjectsForty‐six patients with primary glomerular disease, the diagnostic oligobiopsy performed within 2 months of the onset of clinical symptoms.InterventionsAll patients were subjected to anti‐inflammatory/immunosuppressive treatment.Main outcome measuresAlterations in results of tubulointerstitial morphometry and tubular function tests, correlations between these variables and parameters of nephrosis/renal function, selection of the most accurate predictor of disease progression within 24 months after diagnostic biopsy.ResultsFunction of proximal tubules, markedly deteriorated at the time of diagnosis, significantly improved 6 months later (urinary β2‐microglobulin: P < 0.0025), along with reduction in proteinuria (P < 0.00125). No appreciable alterations in function of distal tubules were noted. Morphometric indices revealing interstitial expansion and tubular atrophy significantly correlated with creatinine clearance at 6 months (P= 0.032) and were the best predictors of deteriorating renal function at 24 months. Excretion of β2‐microglobulin at the time of diagnosis was the best marker for impairment of glomerular filtration 6 months later.ConclusionsSignificant damage to cortical tubulointerstitium occurs concurrently with glomerular injury in primary glomerulopathies and may predict the clinical course of the disease already in its initial phase.
Cardiopathia fantastica exposed by rapid sequential serum creatine kinase analysis
Authors: Harvey  , Johnston  
Published: March 2003

Harvey CJ, Johnston JD (St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK). Cardiopathia fantastica exposed by rapid sequential serum creatine kinase analysis (Case Report). J Intern Med 1998; 243: 323–26.Rapid, sequential serum creatine kinase measurements may be used to exclude acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with acute chest pain. Two cases of cardiopathia fantastica (the cardiac variant of Munchausen's syndrome) are described. Both patients presented with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction and had electrocardiographic changes consistent with this diagnosis. Both patients also had a raised serum creatine kinase level at the time of presentation but were unable to mimic the rise in serum creatine kinase associated with acute myocardial infarction. Munchausen's syndrome was suspected when both patients responded poorly to news that their enzyme results excluded acute myocardial infarction.
Exercise‐induced aortic flow parameters in early postmenopausal women and middle‐aged men
Authors: Lev  , Pines  , Drory  , ROTMENScH  , Tenenbaum  , Fisman  
Published: March 2003

Lev EI, Pines A, Drory Y, Rotmensch HH, Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ (Tel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel‐Aviv University, Tel‐Aviv, Israel, and The Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Tel‐Hashomer, Israel). Exercise‐induced aortic flow parameters in early postmenopausal women and middle‐aged men. J Intern Med 1998; 243: 275–80.Objective.Exercise Doppler echocardiography has been recognised as an accurate method for the assessment of left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease. Gender differences in aortic flow parameters during exercise have not been well established. The aims of this study were to compare basal ejection Doppler indexes in healthy early postmenopausal women with those of men, and to assess the effects of both isometric and dynamic exercises on these parameters.DesignIntergroup comparison between early postmenopausal women and middle‐aged menSubjectsFifteen healthy women with a mean age of 55 (SD 5) years and 15 healthy men aged 52 (SD 4) were evaluated.Setting.Women were recruited from a menopause clinic and men from a primary cardiovascular prevention program at a cardiac rehabilitation institute.Interventions.Isometric exercise was performed with a 2‐hand bar dynamometer, and dynamic exercise with a supine ergometer. Echo Doppler examination was performed at rest and at peak isometric and dynamic exercise with a pulsed Doppler transducer.ResultsBoth types of exercise resulted in higher values of hemodynamic parameters in the women, with most figures reaching statistical significance. Most aortic flow parameters during rest and exercise were also significantly higher in the women.Conclusions.The unexpected higher values in hemodynamic and aortic flow parameters in early postmenopausal women as compared with middle aged men may shed light on a peculiar aspect of gender differences in cardiovascular function, perhaps specific to this age group and related to menopausal transition.
Polymyalgia rheumatica in a patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis due to Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Hisahara S. , Ohkoshi N. , Shoji S. , Muro K. , Yamaguchi N. , Kobayashi M. , Koyama A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.Hisahara Shin, Ohkoshi Norio, Shoji Shin'ichi, Muro Kaori, Yamaguchi Naoto, Kobayashi Masaki, Koyama Akio (University of Tsukuba, Japan). Polymyalgia rheumatica in a patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis due to Sjögren's syndrome (Case Report). J Intern Med 1998: 244: 83–6.A 68‐year‐old Japanese woman with polymyalgia rheumatica associated with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and subclinical Sjögren's syndrome is described. Gallium scintigraphy showed marked accumulation in both kidneys and the salivary glands. Renal biopsy revealed lymphocytic infiltration in the tubulointerstitium. She was treated with intravenous high‐dose methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. Her clinical symptoms improved. This is the first report of this particular association.
Effect of residual endogenous insulin secretion on the abnormal oxytocin response to hypoglycaemia in insulin‐dependent diabetics
Authors: Volpi  , Chiodera  , Capretti  , Caffarri  , Giuliani  , Caiazza  , Coiro  
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Volpi R, Chiodera P, Capretti L, Caffarri G, Giuliani N, Caiazza A, Coiro V (University of Parma, Hospital of Codogno, Hospital of Guastalla, Hospital of Fidenza, Italy). Effect of residual endogenous insulin secretion on the abnormal oxytocin response to hypoglycaemia in insulin‐dependent diabetics. J Intern Med 1998; 244: 43–8.ObjectivesArginine‐vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) secretions are abnormally stimulated by hypoglycaemia in patients with IDDM. Since previous studies showed that AVP secretion is influenced by the persistence of residual endogenous insulin secretion, we wondered whether this factor also regulates OT secretion.DesignCase‐control study: the OT response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia was measured in normal and diabetic patients with or without residual endogenous insulin secretion.SubjectsTen normal male subjects, 10 C‐peptide positive (CpP) and 11 C‐peptide negative (CpN) male diabetic patients.TestsPreliminary studies: plasma C‐peptide levels were measured after intravenous administration of 1 mg glucagon.Insulin tolerance test (ITT): diabetics were studied after optimization of their metabolic status by 3 days of treatment with constant subcutaneous insulin infusion. CpP and CpN diabetics and normal controls were tested with an intravenous administration of 0.15 IU per kg body weight insulin. Blood samples for OT assay were taken just before the rapid injection of insulin (time 0) and at time 15, 30, 45 and 60 min.ResultsThe basal concentrations of OT were similar in all groups. Insulin induced a similar hypoglycaemic nadir in all groups at 30 min, even though diabetic groups showed a delayed recovery in blood glucose levels. The glycaemic pattern was similar in all diabetic patients. Hypoglycaemia‐induced OT rise was significantly higher in the two diabetic groups than in the normal group. However, CpN patients showed significantly higher OT increments than CpP subjects.ConclusionsThese data indicate that a residual endogenous insulin secretion exerts a partial protective action against the hypothalamic‐pituitary disorder affecting the OT secretory system in IDDM.
Ischaemia monitoring with on‐line vectorcardiography during dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease
Authors: Lundin P. , Eriksson S. V. , AndrÉn B. , LindahL B. , Tornvall P. , Melcher A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Lundin P, Eriksson SV, Andrén B, Lindahl B, Tornvall P, Melcher A (Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, University Hospital, Uppsala, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Ischaemia monitoring with on‐line vectorcardiography during dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease. J Intern Med 1998; 244: 61–70.ObjectivesThis study investigated the ability of on‐line vectorcardiography (VCG) to detect myocardial ischaemia as assessed by dobutamine stress echocardiography after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease.DesignDobutamine stress test (incrementally infused doses of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μg kg−1 per minute) was performed during simultaneous VCG monitoring. QRS vector difference (QRS‐VD), ST vector magnitude (ST‐VM), ST change vector magnitude (STC‐VM) and T change vector magnitude (TC‐VM) were monitored. A new wall motion abnormality or worsening of abnormal wall motion was regarded as indicating a positive dobutamine stress test.SubjectsFifty‐five patients with unstable angina pectoris and 16 patients with an acute non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction were studied 5–8 days after admission.ResultsA positive dobutamine stress test was observed in 37 patients (52%). The sensitivity, specificity and total accuracy of identifying patients with a positive dobutamine stress test by VCG were: 38%, 91% and 63% for QRS‐VD; 59%, 88% and 73% for ST‐VM; 84%, 79% and 82% for STC‐VM; and 86%, 23% and 56% for TC‐VM. Patients with a positive dobutamine stress test showed higher maximum VCG values than patients with a negative dobutamine stress test (QRS‐VD, P < 0.01; ST‐VM, P < 0.001; STC‐VM, P < 0.001). The maximum VCG values were related to the number of segments showing new or worsening wall motion abnormality (QRS‐VD: r= 0.41, P < 0.001; ST‐VM: r= 0.44, P < 0.001; STC‐VM: r= 0.57, P < 0.001).ConclusionSTC‐VM and ST‐VM seem to be the best VCG variables for detection of myocardial ischaemia as assessed by dobutamine stress echocardiography.
Somatostatin receptor expression in multiple endocrine neoplasia and in von hippel–lindau disease
Authors: Lamberts  , Hofland  , Lely A. J. V. D. , De Herder  
Published: March 2003

Lamberts SWJ, Hofland LJ, Lely AJVD, de Herder WW (Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands). Somatostatin receptor expression in multiple endocrine neoplasia and in von hippel– lindau disease (Minisymposium: MEN & VHL). J Intern Med 1998; 243: 569–71.Somatostatin receptors are expressed on the majority of neuroendocrine tumours. The presence of these receptors is clinically useful. First, long‐term treatment with somatostatin analogues controls hormonal hypersecretion, which controls flushing attacks, watery diarrhoea, hypoglycaemia and electrolyte disorders in patients with carcinoids and islet cell tumours. Secondly, somatostatin receptor imaging is used to localize primary neuroendocrine tumours and to visualize the spread of the disease. Thirdly internalization of somatostatin receptors by primary neuroendocrine tumours opens the possibility of carrying out radio‐ and chemotherapy with somatostatin analogues coupled to beta‐emitting radionuclides and chemotherapeutic drugs. The presence and role of somatostatin receptors on the tumours which occur in multiple endocrine neoplasia and von Hippel–Lindau disease are discussed.
Antiplasmin correlates to arterial reactivity in a healthy population of 35‐year‐old men and women
Authors: Johansson J. , Jensen‐Urstad K. , Jensen‐Urstad M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.Objective. To study whether haemostasis function variables correlate with endothelial function and other vasomotion characteristics of the brachial artery in a randomly selected healthy population of 35‐year‐old men and women.Design. Endothelial function was measured as flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery during reactive hyperaemia and the nonendothelial dependent dilatation after sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) was administered. Haemostasis and fibrinolysis function were estimated by analysis of von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, antiplasmin and fibrinogen.Setting. A general medicine research centre and a university hospital.Subjects. Randomly chosen men (n = 53) and women (n = 56).Results. Univariate correlation analysis showed significant correlations between haemostasis factors, conventional risk factors for cardio‐ vascular disease and indices of vasomotion of the brachial artery. In multivariate analysis, with haemostasis variables and conventional risk factors included, antiplasmin was the strongest explanatory variable for FMD. When antiplasmin was removed from the analysis, ther‐value dropped from 0.46 to 0.35. Antiplasmin also correlated with NTG‐induced dilatation (positively) and brachial diameter at rest (negatively), albeit less consistently.Conclusions. Antiplasmin correlates significantly and independently to FMD, reflecting endothelial function, and also to brachial artery diameter at rest and nitroglycerin‐induced dilatation. In multivariate analysis these correlations of antiplasmin to arterial characteristics were stronger than for ‘conventional’ risk factors, such as smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol.