bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial oxygen supply and demand imbalance predicts mortality in older nursing home residents: The PARTAGE study
Authors: Salvi Paolo , Grillo Andrea , Gautier Sylvie , Labat Carlos , Salvi Lucia , Valbusa Filippo , Baldi Corrado , Rovina Matteo , Simon Giulia , Gao Lan , Tan Isabella , Fabris Bruno , Carretta Renzo , Avolio Alberto P. , Parati Gianfranco , Benetos Athanase 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundA mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand is the most common cause of ischemic myocardial injury in older persons. The subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) can usefully estimate the degree of myocardial perfusion relative to left‐ventricular workload. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of SEVR to predict long‐term mortality in the older population. Additionally, we aimed to identify the SEVR cutoff value best predicting total mortality.MethodsThis is a multicenter, longitudinal study involving a large population of individuals older than 80 years living in nursing homes. Patients with cancer, severe dementia, and very low level of autonomy were excluded from the study. Participants were monitored for 10 years. Adverse outcomes were recorded every 3 months from inclusion to the end of the study. SEVR reflects the balance between subendocardial oxygen supply and demand, and was estimated non‐invasively by analyzing the carotid pressure waveform recorded by applanation arterial tonometry.ResultsA total of 828 people were enrolled (mean age: 87.7 ± 4.7 years, 78% female). 735 patients died within 10 years and 24 were lost to follow‐up. SEVR was inversely associated with mortality at univariate Cox‐regression model (risk ratio, 0.683 per unit increase in SEVR; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.502–0.930], p = 0.015) and in a model including age, sex, body mass index, Activity of Daily Living index and Mini‐Mental State Examination score (risk ratio, 0.647; 95% CI [0.472–0.930]). The lowest tertile of SEVR was associated with higher 10‐years total mortality than the middle (p < 0.001) and the highest (p < 0.004) tertile. A SEVR cutoff value of 83% was identified as the best predictor of total mortality.ConclusionsSEVR may be considered as a marker of “cardiovascular frailty.” An accurate non‐invasive estimation of SEVR could be a useful and independent parameter to assess survival probability in very old adults.Trial RegistrationNCT00901355, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov website.
Unequal loss: Disparities in relational closeness to a COVID‐19 death among U.S. older adults
Authors: Riley Alicia R. , Hawkley Louise C. , Piedra Lissette M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 mortality occurred unevenly across U.S. demographic subgroups, leaving some communities harder hit than others. Black and Hispanic/Latino older adults are among those disproportionately affected by COVID‐19 mortality, and in turn, COVID‐19 bereavement. Because disparities in COVID‐19 mortality may extend to COVID‐19 bereavement, it is important to understand the incidence of COVID‐19 bereavement among older adults at various degrees of relational closeness (e.g., spouse vs. household member vs. friend).MethodsWe used the National Social Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) COVID Study to evaluate disparities in loss of a social network member to COVID‐19 among U.S. older adults by race/ethnicity, language, and relational closeness. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of experiencing a COVID‐19 death in one's social network.ResultsNone of the English‐speaking, non‐Hispanic White respondents reported the loss of a household member or spouse to COVID‐19. English‐speaking, non‐Hispanic Black and English‐speaking, Hispanic older adults were overrepresented in reporting a death at every degree of relational closeness. However, close COVID‐19 bereavement was most prevalent among Spanish‐speaking older adults of any race. Although Spanish speakers comprised only 4.8% of the sample, half of the respondents who lost a spouse to COVID‐19 were Spanish speakers. Language and ethnoracial group disparities persisted after controlling for age, sex, marital status, and education.ConclusionsKnown ethnoracial disparities in COVID‐19 mortality extend to COVID‐19 bereavement among older adults. Because bereavement impacts health, Black, Latino, and Spanish‐speaking communities need greater protection and investment to prevent disparities in bereavement from exacerbating disparities in later‐life mental and physical health.
Rare deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy and puerperium 3 case series; upper extremities vein thrombosis, ovarian vein thrombosis, portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis
Authors: Na Eun Duc , Kim Ji Yoon , Lee Ji Yeon , Jung Sang Hee , Kim Young Ran , Jang Ji Hyon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state, elevating thrombosis risk by 5–6 times compared to non‐pregnant conditions. Predominantly affecting the left lower extremity due to anatomical and hematological factors, deep vein thrombosis can escalate into pulmonary embolism, impacting mortality. The authors aim to report rare incidents of thrombosis beyond the norm, including upper extremity vein thrombosis, right ovarian vein thrombosis, and portal vein and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, highlighting their significance. Obstetricians should be mindful that thrombosis can occur not only in the lower extremities but also in other areas. Especially when symptoms such as fever unresponsive to antibiotics, atypical pain, and an abnormally high C‐reactive protein level are present. Considering the possibility of a rare thrombosis is crucial. Understanding these less common thrombotic events during pregnancy and the postpartum period can contribute to the improvement of timely diagnosis and management strategies.
Surfing the OCEAN: The machine learning psycholexical approach 2.0 to detect personality traits in texts
Authors: Giannini Federico , Marelli Marco , Stella Fabio , Monzani Dario , Pancani Luca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to develop a machine learning model to infer OCEAN traits from text.BackgroundThe psycholexical approach allows retrieving information about personality traits from human language. However, it has rarely been applied because of methodological and practical issues that current computational advancements could overcome.MethodClassical taxonomies and a large Yelp corpus were leveraged to learn an embedding for each personality trait. These embeddings were used to train a feedforward neural network for predicting trait values. Their generalization performances have been evaluated through two external validation studies involving experts (N = 11) and laypeople (N = 100) in a discrimination task about the best markers of each trait and polarity.ResultsIntrinsic validation of the model yielded excellent results, with R2 values greater than 0.78. The validation studies showed a high proportion of matches between participants' choices and model predictions, confirming its efficacy in identifying new terms related to the OCEAN traits. The best performance was observed for agreeableness and extraversion, especially for their positive polarities. The model was less efficient in identifying the negative polarity of openness and conscientiousness.ConclusionsThis innovative methodology can be considered a “psycholexical approach 2.0,” contributing to research in personality and its practical applications in many fields.
Clinical and imaging findings in dogs with nerve root signature associated with cervical intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Schachar Jordan , Bocage Alan , Nelson Nathan C. , Early Peter J. , Mariani Christopher L. , Olby Natasha J. , Muñana Karen R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is the most common spinal cord disease in dogs. Little information is available regarding the clinical presentation of nerve root signature (NRS) associated with cervical IVDH.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo detail the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with NRS associated with cervical IVDH.AnimalsForty‐seven client‐owned dogs presenting with thoracic limb NRS and MRI confirmed IVDH.MethodsMedical records from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that met inclusion criteria. Imaging studies were evaluated by 2 individuals to characterize location and severity of neural tissue compression.ResultsChondrodystrophoid dogs comprised the majority of the study cohort, with dachshund the most common breed (n = 10). Three‐quarters of dogs were ≥7 years of age. Interobserver agreement was moderate or good for all of the imaging variables evaluated. The C6‐C7 intervertebral disc space was significantly overrepresented (P = .01), comprising 32% (15/47) of the affected discs. However, 42% (20/47) of cases involved C2‐C3 though C4‐C5 disc sites. Disc material was more frequently located laterally compared to medially within the vertebral canal (P = .0005), and to be associated with compression of the nerve root at the level of the intervertebral foramen (P = .012).Conclusion/Clinical ImportanceNRS is most commonly associated with lateralized or foraminal cervical disc herniations. It is most prevalent with C6‐C7 intervertebral disc involvement, suggesting that there might be unique anatomic factors that contribute to development of NRS at this site, but can be a clinical manifestation of IVDH occurring anywhere along the cervical spine.
Bigfoot: If it's there, could it be a bear?
Authors: Foxon Floe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt has been suggested that the American black bear (Ursus americanus) may be responsible for a significant number of purported sightings of an alleged unknown species of hominid in North America. Previous analyses have identified a correlation between ‘sasquatch’ or ‘bigfoot’ sightings and black bear populations in the Pacific Northwest using ecological niche models and simple models of expected animal sightings. The present study expands the analysis to the entire US and Canada by modelling sasquatch sightings and bear populations in each state/province while adjusting for human population and forest area in a generalized linear model. Sasquatch sightings were statistically significantly associated with bear populations such that, on the average, every bear increase in the bear population is associated with a ( CI: –) increase in sasquatch sightings. Thus, as black bear populations increase, sasquatch sightings are expected to increase. On average, across all states and provinces in 2006, after controlling for human population and forest area, there were approximately bears per sasquatch sighting. Based on statistical considerations, it is likely that many supposed sasquatch are really misidentified known forms. If bigfoot is there, it could be a bear.
The integrated stress response‐related expression of CHOP due to mitochondrial toxicity is a warning sign for DILI liability
Authors: Vlasveld Matthijs , Callegaro Giulia , Fisher Ciarán , Eakins Julie , Walker Paul , Lok Samantha , van Oost Siddh , de Jong Brechtje , Pellegrino‐Coppola Damiano , Burger Gerhard , Wink Steven , van de Water Bob 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most frequent reasons for failure of drugs in clinical trials or market withdrawal. Early assessment of DILI risk remains a major challenge during drug development. Here, we present a mechanism‐based weight‐of‐evidence approach able to identify certain candidate compounds with DILI liabilities due to mitochondrial toxicity.MethodsA total of 1587 FDA‐approved drugs and 378 kinase inhibitors were screened for cellular stress response activation associated with DILI using an imaging‐based HepG2 BAC‐GFP reporter platform including the integrated stress response (CHOP), DNA damage response (P21) and oxidative stress response (SRXN1).ResultsIn total 389, 219 and 104 drugs were able to induce CHOP‐GFP, P21‐GFP and SRXN1‐GFP expression at 50 μM respectively. Concentration response analysis identified 154 FDA‐approved drugs as critical CHOP‐GFP inducers. Based on predicted and observed (pre‐)clinical DILI liabilities of these drugs, nine antimycotic drugs (e.g. butoconazole, miconazole, tioconazole) and 13 central nervous system (CNS) agents (e.g. duloxetine, fluoxetine) were selected for transcriptomic evaluation using whole‐genome RNA‐sequencing of primary human hepatocytes. Gene network analysis uncovered mitochondrial processes, NRF2 signalling and xenobiotic metabolism as most affected by the antimycotic drugs and CNS agents. Both the selected antimycotics and CNS agents caused impairment of mitochondrial oxygen consumption in both HepG2 and primary human hepatocytes.ConclusionsTogether, the results suggest that early pre‐clinical screening for CHOP expression could indicate liability of mitochondrial toxicity in the context of DILI, and, therefore, could serve as an important warning signal to consider during decision‐making in drug development.
On‐eye centration of soft contact lenses
Authors: Walther Grace , Meyer Dawn , Richards Josh , Rickert Martin , Kollbaum Pete 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the relative positions of modern soft contact lenses (SCLs) relative to the limbus/cornea and the pupil.MethodsSixty images of the anterior eyes of 101 subjects were acquired over 10 s while participants fixated the centre of the camera lens located 33 cm in front of the eye in a well‐lit (300 lux) clinic. Custom validated image analysis software was used to locate the boundaries of the contact lenses, pupils and corneas (limbus). Horizontal and vertical relative positions of the contact lens, pupil and limbus were calculated from the fitted boundaries.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) pupil and corneal diameters for all subjects were 3.84 mm, (0.83) and 11.97 mm (0.48), respectively. The mean [95% confidence interval] pupil centre was located 0.28 mm [0.26, 0.30] nasally and 0.07 mm [0.05, 0.10] superiorly to the corneal centre. Consistent with clinical observations, the contact lenses centred accurately relative to the corneal centre both nasally 0.04 mm [0.01, 0.07] and inferiorly −0.01 mm [−0.06, 0.03]. However, regardless of the eye, the contact lens was significantly (p < 0.001) decentred relative to the pupil centre both temporally −0.23 mm [−0.26, −0.20] and inferiorly −0.08 mm [−0.12, −0.04]. Decentration magnitudes were significantly correlated between the right and left eyes.ConclusionsSpherical SCLs centred well on the cornea but temporally and inferiorly from the primary line of sight (pupil centre), due to the differences in the location of the pupil and corneal centres. Contrary to some previous reports, there was no evidence that lens optics or material affected lens centration significantly.
Ignoring by complying: How public officials handle hybridity to pursue the goals of new public governance
Authors: Nielsen Mathias H. , Andersen Niklas A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe article draws on insights from the literature on street‐level bureaucracy to analyze how public officials experience and deal with challenges arising from hybrid governance. Empirically, we focus on managerial staff and front‐line workers employed in Danish employment service delivery organizations, respectively. We develop the term “ignoring by complying” to describe how informants pursue ideals associated with new public governance (NPG) in settings dominated by more than one governance logic. They comply with the minimum standards associated with the logics of public administration (PA) and new public management (NPM) in order to ignore such logics most of the time. The article thereby contributes to the growing bodies of literature on cross‐pressures in public bureaucracies, particularly by putting recent street‐level bureaucracy research in touch with literature on hybrid governance.
Assessment of genetic diversity of latent bacteria in coconut leaves associated with lethal yellowing disease symptoms in Kenya
Authors: Omar Fatma , Neondo Johnstone , Mweu Cecilia , Muli Joshua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCoconut (Cocos nucifera) is an economically important palm tree with diverse applications. However, limited scientific research exists on coconut diseases in the Kenyan coastal region. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of latent bacteria associated with yellowing symptoms in coconut plants along the Kenyan coast. Sixty‐two samples with symptoms were collected and their bacterial diversity assessed using culture‐independent methods. DNA was extracted from controls and symptomatic samples using the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Next‐generation sequencing with Illumina MiSeq was used to profile the bacterial communities using amplicons of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences (V4 region). Sequence data were analysed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2) pipeline. A total of 113,330 reads were obtained, which clustered into 285 Operational Taxonomic Units. Bacterial diversity was highest in Kilifi, followed by Kwale and Lamu, while control samples exhibited low bacterial diversity. Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum across all counties, and Streptomyces was the most abundant genus. Kilifi and Kwale counties were more affected than Lamu. This is a pioneer study that provides insight into the bacterial diversity associated with yellowing disease symptoms in coconut plants in Kenya and will help with future elucidation of the agents causing or exacerbating coconut disease symptoms.
Sleep quality impacts the link between reactivity to uncertain threat and anxiety and alcohol use in youth
Authors: Jenkins Kathryn C. , Difatta Jordan , Jones Emily E. , Kreutzer Kayla A. , Way Baldwin M. , Phan K. Luan , Gorka Stephanie M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndividual differences in reactivity to unpredictable threat (U‐threat) have repeatedly been linked to symptoms of anxiety and drinking behavior. An emerging theory is that individuals who are hyper‐reactive to U‐threat experience chronic anticipatory anxiety, hyperarousal, and are vulnerable to excessive alcohol use via negative reinforcement processes. Notably, anxiety and alcohol use commonly relate to disruptions in sleep behavior and recent findings suggest that sleep quality may impact the link between reactivity to U‐threat and psychiatric symptoms and behaviors. The aim of the current study was to examine the unique and interactive effects of reactivity to U‐threat and sleep quality on anxiety symptoms and drinking behavior in a cohort of youth, ages 16–19 years. Participants (N = 112) completed a well‐validated threat‐of‐shock task designed to probe individual differences in reactivity to U‐threat and predictable threat (P‐threat). Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded during the task as an index of aversive reactivity. Participants also completed well‐validated self‐report measures of anxiety and depression symptoms, lifetime alcohol use, and current sleep quality. Results revealed significant startle reactivity to U‐threat by sleep quality interactions on anxiety symptoms and lifetime drinking behavior. At high levels of sleep disturbance (only), greater reactivity to U‐threat was associated with greater anxiety symptoms and total number of lifetime alcoholic beverages. These results suggest that sensitivity to uncertainty and chronic hyperarousal increases anxiety symptoms and alcohol use behavior, particularly in the context of poor sleep quality.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on rating of perceived exertion: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Baharlouei Hamzeh , Goosheh Meysam , Moore Maha , Ramezani Ahmadi Amir Hossein , Yassin Marzieh , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a widely used method for monitoring the load during training, as it provides insight into the subjective intensity of effort experienced during exercises. Considering the role of brain in monitoring and perception of the effort, several studies explored the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on RPE in different populations. The aim of current study is to review the studies that investigated the effect of tDCS on RPE in three groups including healthy untrained people, physically active persons, and athletes. Nine databases were searched for papers assessing the effect of tDCS on RPE. The data from the included studies were extracted and methodological quality was examined using the risk of bias 2 (ROB2) tool. Thirty‐three studies met the inclusion criteria. According to the meta‐analysis, active a‐tDCS significantly decreased the RPE compared to the sham stimulation. The a‐tDCS could decrease the RPE when it was applied over M1 or DLPF. Regarding the measurement tool, Borg's scale 6–20 and OMNI scale could show an improvement in RPE scale. A‐tDCS is a promising technique that can decrease the RPE. M1 and DLPFC are suggested as the target area of stimulation. From the tools that measure the RPE, Borg's RPE 6–20 and OMNI scale could better show the effect of a‐tDCS.
Evaluation of the effects of long‐term maize–peanut intercropping on soil aggregate stability based on different methods
Authors: Ma Rentian , Yu Ning , Zhao Shiwei , Wang Chunli , Jiao Nianyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntercropping is an effective measure to increase crop yield and improve soil structure. The soil aggregate is the basic unit of soil structure, and its stability is affected by intercropping system. To study the effects of intercropping system on soil aggregate stability, the particle size distribution and stability characteristics of soil aggregates under three planting patterns of maize only (SM), peanut only (SP) and maize intercropped with peanut (M‐P) were evaluated by dry sieving (mainly used to determine the mechanical stability of soil aggregates), wet sieving (mainly used to determine the water stability of soil aggregates) and Le Bissonnais (mainly used to distinguish different decomposition mechanisms of soil aggregates) (including slow wetting (SW), wet stirring (WS) and fast wetting (FW) tests) methods. The results showed that the particle size distribution of soil aggregates was mainly the >2 mm fraction in the dry sieving test, the 1–0.5 mm and <0.053 mm fractions in the wet sieving test, the >2 mm fraction in the SW test, the >2 mm and 2–1 mm fractions in the WS test and the 1–0.5 mm and 0.5–0.25 mm fractions in the FW test. The mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and R0.25 of soil aggregates in the three determination methods were all ranked as SP < SM < M‐P, indicating that intercropping could increase the proportion of large aggregates and improve the stability of soil aggregates. In the three tests using the Le Bissonnais method, the MWD order was FW < WS < SW, indicating that the soil aggregates in this area were the most sensitive to slaking effects and the least sensitive to mechanical breakdown, and intercropping could reduce the sensitivity of soil aggregates to slaking effects and mechanical breakdown. In addition, the MWD of dry sieving was significantly positively correlated with the MWD of SW and WS, and the MWD of wet sieving was significantly positively correlated with the MWD of FW. The results of this study could provide a reference for better understanding of farmland soil structure and aggregate stability under intercropping system in the North China Plain.