bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding adherence to self-isolation in the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study
Authors: Robin Charlotte , Reynolds Rosy , Lambert Helen , Hickman Matthew , Rubin G. James , Smith Louise E. , Yardley Lucy , Cai Shenghan , Zhang Tingting , Mook Piers , McManus Oliver , Lasseter Gemma , Compston Polly , Denford Sarah , Zhang Juan , Amlôt Richard , Oliver Isabel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
During the early “containment” phase of the COVID-19 response in England (January-March 2020), contact tracing was managed by Public Health England (PHE). Adherence to self-isolation during this phase and how people were making those decisions has not previously been determined. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of decisions around adherence to self-isolation during the first phase of the COVID-19 response in England.

Methods
A mixed-methods cross sectional study was conducted, including an online survey and qualitative interviews. The overall pattern of adherence was described as never leaving home, leaving home for lower-contact reasons and leaving home for higher-contact reasons. Fisher’s exact test was used to test associations between adherence and potentially predictive binary factors. Factors showing evidence of association overall were then considered in relation to the three aspects of adherence individually. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Of 250 respondents who were advised to self-isolate, 63% reported not leaving home at all during their isolation period, 20% reported leaving only for lower-contact activities (dog walking or exercise) and 16% reported leaving for higher-contact, and therefore higher-risk, reasons. Factors associated with adherence to never going out included: the belief that following isolation advice would save lives, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, being advised to stay in their room, having help from outside and having regular contact by text message from PHE. Factors associated with non-adherence included being angry about the advice to isolate, being unable to get groceries delivered and concerns about losing touch with friends and family. Interviews highlighted that a sense of duty motivated people to adhere to isolation guidance and where people did leave their homes, these decisions were based on rational calculations of the risk of transmission – people would only leave their homes when they thought they were unlikely to come into contact with others.

Conclusions
Understanding adherence to isolation and associated reasoning during the early stages of the pandemic is essential to pandemic preparedness for future emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Individuals make complex decisions around adherence by calibrating transmission risks, therefore treating adherence as binary should be avoided.
Psychiatric disorders and interventions in patients sustaining facial fractures from interpersonal violence
Authors: Arpalahti Annamari , Haapanen Aleksi , Auro Kirsi , Abio Anne , Snäll Johanna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This retrospective study clarified patients´ psychiatric morbidity in IPV-related facial fractures; in particular, their additional psychiatric care. We hypothesized that patients in need of additional support can be identified, allowing overall care processes to be improved.

Methods
Patients’ age, sex, anamnestic psychiatric disorders, history of substance abuse, and psychiatric interventions were recorded, as well as the perpetrator, location, time of day, assault mechanism, fracture type, treatment, and associated injuries.

Results
In all, 807 adult patients were included in the study. Of these, 205 patients (25.4%) had anamnestic psychiatric disorders that were associated independently with female sex (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.12, 3.41; p = 0.019) or history of substance abuse (OR 5.82, 95% CI 4.01, 8.46; p < 0.001). Patients with anamnestic psychiatric disorder were more likely to be subjected to severe violence, with an increased risk for combination fractures (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.30, 4.83; p = 0.006). Of all patients, 61 (7.6%) received a psychiatric intervention within the first 12 months. The most common reasons for intervention were anxiety/fear and psychotic symptoms, surfacing within one month in 57% of patients. Anamnestic psychiatric disorders (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.04, 3.82; p = 0.036), severe mental illnesses (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.04, 5.77; p = 0.040), and use of an offensive weapon (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.11, 4.02; p = 0.023) were the strongest independent predictors of psychiatric intervention.

Conclusions
Our results emphasize the need for more structured treatment protocols for patients sustaining IPV injury. Special attention is recommended for patients with anamnestic psychiatric disorders, severe mental illnesses, and those assaulted with an offensive weapon.
Year-round efficacy of a single treatment of fluralaner injectable suspension (Bravecto Quantum™) against repeated infestations with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) and Ctenocephalides felis in dogs
Authors: Fisara Petr , Guerino Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Poor owner compliance with monthly control measures means that dogs in Australia can remain susceptible to infestations with fleas, present throughout the whole year, and brown dog ticks, which thrive in tropical and subtropical areas. A 150 mg/ml injectable fluralaner suspension (Bravecto Quantum™) was developed to help ensure year-round protection against these parasites. A study investigated the persistent efficacy of this formulation against repeated challenges with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) and Ctenocephalides felis throughout 12 months following a single subcutaneous treatment.

Methods
Twenty dogs were blocked by pre-treatment R. sanguineus s.l. counts and randomized to an untreated control group or to a group treated once, on day 0, with the fluralaner injection (15 mg/kg). Infestations of 50 mixed-sex, unfed adult R. sanguineus s.l. and up to 100 C. felis were done on days 7, 14, 35, 63, 91, 126, 154, 182, 210, 245, 273, 301, 336 and 365. Live flea and tick counts were completed 48 h post-infestation. Flea infestations were also done on day −1, with counts on day 2. Infestations were considered adequate if at each evaluation, at least six dogs in the control group retained at least 20% of tick challenges and 25% of flea challenges.

Results
The fluralaner injectable suspension was well tolerated. Efficacy against existing flea infestations was > 99% (arithmetic and geometric means) at 48 h post-treatment. At all subsequent assessments throughout the year following treatment, efficacy against fleas remained at 100%. Arithmetic mean tick count reductions relative to the control group ranged from 97.6% to 100% from day 7 through 11 months and was 92.6% at 12 months (geometric means 95.2% to 100% through 12 months).

Conclusion
The injectable fluralaner suspension was effective against fleas and brown dog ticks for 12 months following a single treatment. Compared with more frequently administered products where compliance may be suboptimal, the year-round efficacy of this veterinarian-administered fluralaner formulation has the potential to improve owner compliance for control of fleas and ticks. In turn, by reducing the detrimental effects of flea and tick infestations and risk of transmission of flea- and tick-borne pathogens, canine health can be enhanced.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical evaluation of marketed and non-marketed orthodontic products: are researchers now ahead of the times? A meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Alhussain Almaha , Cobourne Martyn T. , Pandis Nikolaos , Seehra Jadbinder 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe advertisement and adoption of untested orthodontic products is common. This study aimed to provide an update regarding the prevalence of clinical trials in orthodontics evaluating commercially marketed products. Associations between marketed/non-marketed products and study characteristics such as direction of effect, declaration of conflict of interest and industry sponsorship were evaluated. In addition, within the marketed products associations between direction of effect and study characteristics were explored.Material and methodsElectronic searching of a single database (Medline via PubMed) was undertaken to identify Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over a 5-year period (1st January 2017 to 31st December 2021). Descriptive statistics and associations between trial characteristics were explored.Results196 RCTs were analysed. RCTs were frequently published in Angle Orthodontist (18.4%), American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (14.8%) and European Journal of Orthodontics (13.3%). 65.3% (128/196) of trials assessed marketed products after their introduction. The majority of trials assessed interventions to improve treatment efficiency (33.7%). Growth modification appliances were typically analysed in non-marketed compared to marketed products. An association between the type of product (marketed vs non-marketed) and both the declaration of conflict of interest and industry sponsorship was detected. For individual RCTs assessing marketed products either a positive effect (45.3%) or equivalence between interventions or between intervention and untreated control (47.7%) was evident. In 27% of these trials either no conflict of interest or industry funding was not clearly declared. Within the marketed products, no association between the direction of the effect and conflict of interest or funding was detected.ConclusionsThe analysis of marketed orthodontic products after their introduction is still common practice. To reduce research waste, collaboration prior to the licensing and marketing of orthodontic products between researchers, industry and manufacturers is recommended.
Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing
Authors: Knoedler Samuel , Knoedler Leonard , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Rinkevich Yuval , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Harhaus Leila , Kneser Ulrich , Pomahac Bohdan , Orgill Dennis P. , Panayi Adriana C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs the body’s integumentary system, the skin is vulnerable to injuries. The subsequent wound healing processes aim to restore dermal and epidermal integrity and functionality. To this end, multiple tissue-resident cells and recruited immune cells cooperate to efficiently repair the injured tissue. Such temporally- and spatially-coordinated interplay necessitates tight regulation to prevent collateral damage such as overshooting immune responses and excessive inflammation. In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. A comprehensive understanding of Tregs’ multifaceted field of activity may help decipher wound pathologies and, ultimately, establish new treatment modalities. Herein, we review the role of Tregs in orchestrating the regeneration of skin adnexa and catalyzing healthy wound repair. Further, we discuss how Tregs operate during fibrosis, keloidosis, and scarring.
Surgery for multiple gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors and large esophageal diverticulum related to germline mutation of the KIT gene: a case report
Authors: Arita Asami , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Kurokawa Yukinori , Hirota Seiichi , Nishida Toshirou , Yamashita Kotaro , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Kawai Kunihiko , Motoyama Yuichi , Morii Eiichi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract caused by germline gain-of-function mutations in the KIT gene or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha gene (PDGFRA). These mutations cause not only multiple GISTs but also diffuse hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), which is related to esophageal motility disorder.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of anemia and dysphagia. Fifteen years earlier, he had undergone a laparoscopic partial gastrectomy for multiple gastric GISTs with a germline mutation in exon 17 of the KIT gene. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed that the patient had multiple gastric GISTs and a large esophageal diverticulum directly above the esophagogastric junction. The largest gastric tumor was 7 cm, with a delle that might cause bleeding. Because the patient presented with dysphagia, we performed video-assisted thoracic esophagectomy and laparoscopic-assisted proximal gastrectomy simultaneously. The patient had survived without metastasis for 4 years after surgery and dysphagia had improved.

Conclusions
This is the first report of successful laparoscopic–thoracoscopic surgery for a patient with familial gastric GISTs accompanied with a large esophageal diverticulum.
Distinct coral environments shape the dynamic of planktonic Vibrio spp.
Authors: Zhao Wenbin , Chen Xing , Liu Ronghua , Tian Peng , Niu Wentao , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Liu Jiwen , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Coral reefs are one of the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems, providing habitat for a vast of species. Reef-building scleractinian corals with a symbiotic microbiome, including bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microbes, are referred to coral holobionts. Among them, coral diseases, mainly caused by Vibrio spp., have significantly contributed to the loss of coral cover and diversity. Habitat filtering across the globe has led to a variety structure of marine bacterial communities. Coral species, quantity and characteristics are significant differences between the Xisha Islands and Daya Bay (Guangdong Province). Thus, the Vibrio communities may be distinct between coral rich and poor areas.

Results
Through comparison of Vibrio dynamics between coral-rich (Xisha Islands) and coral-poor (Daya Bay) locations, we uncovered differences in Vibrio abundance, diversity, community composition and assembly mechanisms associated with corals. The higher abundance of Vibrio in coral rich areas may indicate a strong interaction between vibrios and corals. V. campbellii, Paraphotobacterium marinum and V. caribbeanicus were widely distributed in both coral rich and poor areas, likely indicating weak species specificity in the coral-stimulated growth of Vibrio. Random-forest prediction revealed Vibrio species and Photobacterium species as potential microbial indicators in the coral rich and coral poor areas, respectively. Ecological drift rather than selection governed the Vibrio community assembly in the Xisha Islands. Comparatively, homogenizing selection was more important for the Daya Bay community, which may reflect a role of habitat filtration.

Conclusion
This study revealed the different distribution pattern and assembly mechanism of Vibrio spp. between coral rich and poor areas, providing the background data for the research of Vibrio community in coral reef areas and may help the protection of coral reef at the biological level. The main reasons for the difference were different number and species of corals, environmental (e.g., temperature) and spatial factors. It reflected the strong interaction between Vibrio and corals, and provided a new perspective for the investigation of Vibrio in coral reef ecosystem.
Surgical technique for removal of high-density silicone oil (Oxane HD)
Authors: De Oliveira Ramon Antunes , De Moraes Nilva Simeren Bueno , Fernandes Rodrigo Antonio Brant , Magalhães Octaviano , Maia Mauricio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe main drawback for the use of heavy silicone oil (HSO) Oxane HD is the difficulties it presents during removal. It differs from conventional silicone oil removal because it progressively concentrates in the posterior pole during the removal because of its heavier than water density. We describe a technique to facilitate proper HSO Oxane HD removal and minimize residual posterior bubbles and intraoperative complications. We describe our pearls for removing HSO to obtain the optimal results. A concern associated with HSO is the difficulty it presents when it is removed. However, this can be overcome by appropriate modification of surgical techniques during removal to limit intraoperative complications.
Policy translation in assemblage: networked actors mediating science teachers’ policy play
Authors: Bateman Kathryn M. , McDonald Scott 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEducational policies exist as part of complex systems of many policies, all of which science teachers must make sense before using in practice. Using Actor-Network Theory to view policy translation in assemblages, we examine how networked actors mediate teachers’ policy play. Drawing on ethnographic methods and post-structural analytic tools, we identified four mediating actors: espoused practices, learning events, administrator relationships, and communities of practice. These actors interact in the assemblage to mediate teachers’ policy dilemmas and policy responses, as they play with policies. Our findings indicate a need to look more closely at the interactions of policies with one another in teachers’ policy play, policy dilemmas as learning opportunities, the importance of social relationships with administrators in teachers’ policy play, and the dangers of lethal fidelity in adoption. We see these findings as tools to assist teacher educators in planning for future teacher learning around their role as translators and implementers of policy.
Novel PPP1R21 mutation in a family with autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder: results of genomics and molecular analysis
Authors: Ghazi-Nader Donya , Karimi Behnam , Alibakhshi Reza , Ganji Maziar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Neurodevelopmental diseases are a group of disorders affecting the development of the nervous system and brain function. In particular, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities is a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by biallelic PPP1R21 loss-of-function variants. This study aimed to investigate the molecular etiology of this neurodevelopmental disorder in an Iranian patient from a consanguineous marriage family.

Methods and results
After clinical examination and DNA sampling, whole exome sequencing was performed for the patient. The findings were confirmed and segregated via Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics approach in the patient and parents, respectively. We identified the novel loss-of-function mutation of c.1317_1318delAG p.(Asp440Tyrfs*6) in PPP1R21 gene in our patient suffering from severe developmental delays, mental retardation, facial deformities, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing and feeding, and vision impairment. Through Sanger sequencing, the homozygous and heterozygous statuses of this variant were observed in the patient and the parents, respectively. As well, the bioinformatics approach demonstrated the disease-causing effect and clinical pathogenicity of this mutation.

Conclusions
Such findings improve our knowledge of patients with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. In addition, these results can be particularly helpful for prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis and genetic counseling of families with a high risk of infantile intellectual disabilities.
Time Divide, Gender Divide: Gender, Work, and Family in South Korea
Authors: Cha Youngjoo , Kim Seung-kyung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
South Korea is celebrated for its rapid economic growth and development, but gender equity is far out of reach in the South Korean economy: women’s labor force participation remains among the lowest, and the gender gap in pay is among the largest among the advanced industrialized countries. What explains this pervasive and persistent gender disparity? In this introductory essay, the authors argue that the social organization of time—specifically, how time is used and valuated—is an important proximate mechanism that creates and reinforces gender inequality in South Korea. Following the logic of gender, which dictates what women and men should do at work and in the family and how hours spent on these domains are compensated economically and culturally, the time divide takes a deeply gendered form and creates unequal economic outcomes between women and men. The authors also argue that the time divide is more consequential in South Korea, relative to other countries, because two cultural forces—work culture emphasizing long work hours and parenting culture emphasizing gender essentialism—both operate at the highest level. At the end of this essay, the authors put forth ideas about how organizational and institutional policies might help to reform this deeply gendered system.
Ciemna strona tajgi. Relacje ludzi z ziemią w Tofalarii
Authors: Tikhonov Andrei 
Published: October 2023

Celem artykułu jest dokonanie wieloaspektowej antropologicznej analizy wybranych narracji, dotyczących sposobów doświadczania tajgi w kontekście lokalnych praktyk myśliwskich stosowanych przez przedstawicieli wspólnoty tofalarskiej. Tofalarzy są jedną z najmniejszych autochtonicznych grup etnicznych Rosji (ok. 800 osób), zamieszkują w trzech wsiach we wschodniej części pasma Sajanów w obwodzie irkuckim. Sposób życia Tofalarów jest związany z otaczającym ich środowiskiem, czyli górską tajgą. Z przeprowadzonych przeze mnie etnograficznych badań terenowych można wywnioskować, że mieszkańcy Tofalarii doświadczają tajgi w sposób, który trudno poddaje się opisowi podporządkowanemu zachodniej epistemologii opartej na perspe­ktywie antropocentrycznej. Analizując ten problem, korzystam z prac współczesnych antropologów podejmujących próby wypracowania nowej optyki antropologicznej, w której człowiek nie znajduje się w pozycji uprzywilejowanej (m.in. Tim Ingold, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Łukasz Smyrski). Drugim punktem odniesienia są dla mnie prace współczesnych filozofów związanych z nurtem realizmu spekulatywnego, których łączy krytyczny stosunek do antropocentryzmu oraz częste odwoływanie się do kategorii dark/ciemny (np. ciemna ekologia Timothy’ego Mortona, ciemny witalizm Bena Woodarda).
Join Up or Stay Away? Coalition Formation for Critical IT Infrastructure
Authors: Guo Hong , Liu Yipeng , Nault Barrie R. 
Published: October 2023

PRACTICE AND POLICY ABSTRACT We consider the formation of a coalition when districts invest in critical IT infrastructure that, if disrupted, can cause significant damage to security, the economy, public health, or safety. The benefits from these investments can spill over to other districts. Districts choose whether to participate in a coalition, and the coalition subsequently makes IT infrastructure investment decisions for those districts that join the coalition. These inside districts have superior interoperability in their spillovers relative to outside districts. We find that inside districts’ resource levels decrease with the size of the coalition, and this size depends on the coalition’s economies of scale and relative interoperability. Depending on these factors, any size coalition can be an equilibrium or socially optimal. In most cases, the socially optimal coalition size is larger than the equilibrium coalition. A subsidy or tax can incentivize the equilibrium coalition size and district investment levels to be socially optimal, providing a general solution to the provisioning of critical IT infrastructure. We use the European Union’s Digital COVID Certificate program providing vaccine status information and the U.S. Government’s Direct Project that supports the establishment of nationwide health information exchanges to illustrate elements of our model.