bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Parainfectious Optic Neuropathy: 3 Case Reports and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Gluckstein Jeffrey A. , Chwalisz Bart K. , Gilbert Aubrey L. , Bouffard Marc A. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Parainfectious optic neuritis is an inflammatory reaction that occurs shortly after an infection without direct invasion by a pathogen. The clinical profile depends on the infectious organism. Cases of SARS-CoV-2 parainfectious optic neuritis have been reported in the literature, but there are no reviews that have applied strict inclusion criteria to more definitively establish the clinical profile associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
We present 3 new cases of SARS-CoV-2 parainfectious optic neuritis. We also review the literature for definite cases by selecting only those with unambiguous clinical features and MRI findings of optic neuritis, positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction or serology, and the absence of myelin oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein or aquaporin-4 antibodies or other diseases associated with optic neuritis.

Results:
We report 2 cases of monophasic, unilateral SARS-CoV-2 parainfectious optic neuritis with optic disc edema and nadir visual acuities of finger counting. We report 1 case of mild SARS-CoV-2 parainfectious optic neuritis that featured cotton wool spots, peripapillary wrinkles and hemorrhages, and recurrence after an initial steroid taper. We identified 6 cases of unambiguous SARS-CoV-2 parainfectious optic neuritis from the literature. Combining our case series with the case reports in the literature, the average age was 42.8 years, 3/9 had bilateral disease, 6/8 had optic disc edema, 8/9 had nadir visual acuity of finger counting or worse, and all recovered visual acuity to 20/40 or better after therapy with steroids.

Conclusions:
SARS-CoV-2 parainfectious optic neuritis has a clinical profile that is atypical for idiopathic optic neuritis but fairly typical of parainfectious forms of optic neuritis with a severely reduced nadir visual acuity, high likelihood of bilaterality, high incidence of optic disc edema, and prompt and significant response to corticosteroids. Further study with long-term follow-up and epidemiologic investigation will be needed to further characterize this clinical entity.
Long-term cold selection leads to increased thermal plasticity of male body size and thermal canalization of fecundity inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Roy Rishav , Chattopadhyay Aradhya , Deb Sharma Sreebes , Mondal Aharna , Biswas Payel , Ghosh Shampa M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrom laboratory populations ofDrosophila melanogastermaintained at 25°C for many decades, new populations were derived and maintained at 17°C for over 60 generations. Fitness traits such as body size and fecundity of the cold and warm selected populations were quantified at both 17°C and 25°C. Flies from both selection regimes had similar body weight when grown at 25°C, but 17°C selected males had greater dry weight and less relative water content than 25°C selected males, when grown at 17°C. Cold selected males thus evolved greater thermal plasticity of body weight and density compared to controls. Fecundity data showed, 25°C selected females laid less eggs at 17°C compared to 25°C treatment, but 17°C selected females did not show significant difference in fecundity between 25°C and 17°C. Cold evolved flies thus showed thermal canalization of fecundity, possibly buffering the repressing effect of cold. Whether or not (i) greater body mass and density of cold evolved males, and (b) unrepressed fecundity of cold evolved females, both observed when reared at cold, are causally related, remain to be investigated. The study thus shows thermal selection can lead to evolution of greater thermal plasticity in a trait, while result in thermal canalization of another.
Examination of the effects of value creation, intellectual property and organizational creativity on artificial intelligence focused enterprises
Authors: Pinarbasi Fatih , Sonmez Cakir Fatma , Güner Gültekin Duygu , Yazici Merve , Adiguzel Zafer 
Published: November 2023

PurposeAritificial intelligence (AI)-focused enterprises purpose to provide value-creating and differentiated products and services using innovative technologies. For this reason, it is aimed to examine the effects of value creation, intellectual property and organizational creativity variables to make evaluations to increase the success of such enterprises.Design/methodology/approachRandom sampling method was used in the research. The population of the research consists of AI-oriented enterprises in technoparks. On the specified days, short-term visits and surveys were conducted face-to-face. Name and similar personal information was not taken in the research and participation was made on a voluntary basis. A sample size of 500 units is a sufficient size at the 0.05 significance level. SmartPLS (4.0.8.4) licensed software was used in the research.FindingsAs a result of the collected data, it has been supported by hypotheses that value creation, intellectual property and organizational creativity have positive effects so that artificial intelligence-oriented enterprises can be successful in performance criteria.Research limitations/implicationsSince the research was conducted by collecting data from artificial intelligence-oriented enterprises in technoparks in Istanbul, it would not be correct to evaluate the analysis results by making generalizations. For this reason, it is recommended that similar studies planned to be conducted in the future should contribute to the literature by developing the research model, taking into account the limited situation in the sample.Practical implicationsAccording to the results of the analysis of the effects of value creation, intellectual property and organizational creativity in artificial intelligence-oriented enterprises, in order to increase the success of such enterprises, they should offer more value to their customers, protect their technologies and increase their innovation capacity.Originality/valueValue creation, intellectual property, and organizational creativity in AI-focused enterprises are important topics in a rapidly growing industry such as AI-focused enterprises. Therefore, a research investigating these variables together offers a different perspective than previous studies.
Combatting the “great discontent”: the impact of employability culture and leadership empowerment on career growth, loyalty and satisfaction
Authors: LaGree Danielle , Olsen Katie , Tefertiller Alec , Vasquez Rosalynn 
Published: November 2023

PurposeMotivated by the organizational challenge coined the great discontent, employees are dissatisfied with their jobs, see minimal opportunities for growth and are actively searching for new roles. This research aims to take a novel approach to internal communication strategy by introducing employability culture and leadership empowerment as mechanisms for supporting employees' career growth and additional positive workplace outcomes.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was designed and administered in the United States. The final sample size includes 425 full-time employees working in a variety of roles, industries and work arrangements.FindingsFindings point to the inherent need for revised internal communication strategy that goes beyond managing and disseminating information. Organizations must develop cultures and their leaders in ways that empower employees and help them understand the meaning of their work. Employability culture, or an organization's support for developing employees' adaptive skills as work roles change, positively predicted employees' perceptions of their career growth opportunities at their current place of employment, employee loyalty and engagement, and job satisfaction. Leadership empowerment behaviors also positively predicted all previously listed workplace variables. These perceptions as influenced by work arrangement (onsite, hybrid, fully remote) and younger versus older generations were also analyzed.Originality/valueResearch findings offer new strategies for internal communications. Internal communication teams can partner alongside executive leadership to develop a culture that helps employees envision how their skills and expertise translates to different areas of the organization, empowering them to find meaning in their work, and be driven to support organizational growth.
Job satisfaction in Europe: a gender analysis
Authors: Nappo Nunzia , Lubrano Lavadera Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe main aim of this study was to examine gender differences in job satisfaction in Europe.Design/methodology/approachFor the empirical analysis, data from the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey were used. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition with a principal component analysis (PCA) aggregated variable, after unconditional quantile regressions in a multiple imputation background, was implemented.FindingsWomen report higher job satisfaction than men do. Women were significantly more satisfied than men for the middle levels of the job satisfaction distribution.Originality/valueThis study expands the evidence on the determinants of job satisfaction in the European labour market by applying a recent form of decomposition that invests in unconditional quantile regression (UQR). To the best of this study knowledge, this is the first time that the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition with a PCA aggregated variable after unconditional quantile regression has been employed to study gender-based differences in job satisfaction.
Pattern analysis of auto parts failures in the after-sales service network; an interconnected approach of association rules mining and Bayesian networks in the automotive industry
Authors: Ebrahimi Ahmad , Mojtahedi Sara 
Published: November 2023

PurposeWarranty-based big data analysis has attracted a great deal of attention because of its key capabilities and role in improving product quality while minimizing costs. Information and details about particular parts (components) repair and replacement during the warranty term, usually stored in the after-sales service database, can be used to solve problems in a variety of sectors. Due to the small number of studies related to the complete analysis of parts failure patterns in the automotive industry in the literature, this paper focuses on discovering and assessing the impact of lesser-studied factors on the failure of auto parts in the warranty period from the after-sales data of an automotive manufacturer.Design/methodology/approachThe interconnected method used in this study for analyzing failure patterns is formed by combining association rules (AR) mining and Bayesian networks (BNs).FindingsThis research utilized AR analysis to extract valuable information from warranty data, exploring the relationship between component failure, time and location. Additionally, BNs were employed to investigate other potential factors influencing component failure, which could not be identified using Association Rules alone. This approach provided a more comprehensive evaluation of the data and valuable insights for decision-making in relevant industries.Originality/valueThis study's findings are believed to be practical in achieving a better dissection and providing a comprehensive package that can be utilized to increase component quality and overcome cross-sectional solutions. The integration of these methods allowed for a wider exploration of potential factors influencing component failure, enhancing the validity and depth of the research findings.
Green intellectual capital and competitive advantage: the moderating role of corporate philanthropy during COVID-19
Authors: Naseem Muhammad Akram , Battisti Enrico , Salvi Antonio , Ahmad Muhammad Ishfaq 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between green intellectual capital (GIC) and competitive advantage (CA) and proposes the moderating role of corporate philanthropy types (cash, in-kind and both) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study investigates the types of corporate philanthropy, strengthening the link between GIC and CA for Chinese listed firms during a pandemic.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional data were collected from 248 chief executive officers (CEOs) of Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange through a structured questionnaire. Regression analysis was employed to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe findings reveal that all types of GIC positively influence a firm's CA. Furthermore, all three types of philanthropy – cash, in-kind and both – moderate the relationship between GIC and CA. However, the intensity of moderation was higher in the case of in-kind philanthropy than in the other two types.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study to examine the relationship between GIC (considering its three components: human, structural and relational capital) and CA in China. The study finds different types of philanthropy as moderating variables to better explain the relationship between GIC and CA. Further, it contributes to a new line of research that aims to study philanthropic aspects connected to the GIC debate.
A framework for the prioritization of industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing technologies based on network theory
Authors: Vargas Gabriel Bertholdo , Gomes Jefferson de Oliveira , Vargas Vallejos Rolando 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a practical data-based framework for the prioritization of investment in manufacturing technologies, methods and tools, and to demonstrate its applicability and practical relevance through two case studies of manufacturing firms of different industrial segments.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework is based on network theory applied on technology adoption. For this, the database of Industry 4.0 maturity assessments of SENAI was used to develop data visualization tools named “Technology Networks”. Thus, this study is descriptive research with correlational design. Besides, the framework was applied in two companies and semi-structured interviews were carried out with domain experts.FindingsThe technology networks highlight the technological adoption patterns of six industrial segments, by considering the answers of 863 Brazilian companies. In general, less sophisticated technologies were positioned in the center of the networks, which facilitates the visualization of adoption paths. Moreover, the networks presented a well-balanced adoption scenario of Industry 4.0 related technologies and lean manufacturing methods and tools.Research limitations/implicationsSince the database was not built under an experimental design, it is not expected to make statistical inferences about the variables. Furthermore, the decision to use an available database prevented the editing or inclusion of technologies. Besides, it is estimated that the technology networks given have few years for obsolescence due to the fast pace of technological development.Practical implicationsThe framework is a tool that may be used by practicing manufacturing managers and entrepreneurs for taking assertive decisions regarding the adoption of manufacturing technologies, methods and tools. The proposition of using network theory to support decision making on this topic may lead to further studies, developments and adaptations of the framework.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the topics of lean manufacturing and Industry 4.0 in an unprecedented way, by quantifying the adoption of its technologies, methods and tools and presenting it in network visualizations. The main value of this paper is the comprehensive framework that applies the technology networks for supporting decision making regarding technology adoption.
Spatial heterogeneity of nitrification contributes to tree–grass coexistence in West African savannas
Authors: Konaré Sarah , Koffi Kouamé Fulgence , Boudsocq Simon , Gignoux Jacques , Lata Jean‐Christophe , Raynaud Xavier , Barot Sébastien 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In savannas, the coexistence between trees and grasses is determined by complex mechanisms based on water partitioning and disturbances. But little is known about the contribution of other resources, such as soil nitrogen (N). In West African savannas, nitrification inhibition by grasses and nitrification stimulation by trees create spatial heterogeneity in nitrification fluxes and N stocks. Savanna trees can also extend part of their roots in the surrounding open area to absorb N.

To investigate the role of the spatial heterogeneity of nitrification in tree–grass coexistence, we used a two‐patch model that simulates N dynamics between an open patch (without trees) and a tree clump patch (trees with grasses under their canopy). The open patch was characterized by a low nitrification rate, while the tree clump patch was characterized by a high nitrification rate. Both patches were connected through horizontal fluxes due to soil horizontal exploration by tree roots. We tested coexistence for different spatial tree distributions, as they are known to strongly influence savanna dynamics.

Our results show that the spatial heterogeneity of nitrification induces spatial partitioning between ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) promoting tree–grass coexistence. As nitrification inhibition by grasses leads to high NH4+ availability in the open, the possibilities of coexistence are optimized when trees have different preferences in the open versus under their canopy. Thus, tree–grass coexistence is observed when grasses prefer NH4+, while trees prefer NH4+ in the open and NO3− under their canopy.

Contrary to random tree distribution, tree clumping enhances tree–grass coexistence. Intraspecific aggregation strengthens the effect of spatial heterogeneity, which decreases interspecific competition and favours tree–grass coexistence. On the contrary, increasing the surface explored by tree roots in the open tends to increase tree–grass competition. This enhances the competitive ability of trees for N acquisition and consequently favours tree invasion.

Synthesis. This study shows that this new coexistence mechanism based on mineral N partitioning into NH4+ and NO3− can be determinant in the functioning of West African humid savannas. This mechanism likely interacts with mechanisms based on disturbances, but such interactions should be studied using new models.
Microbial symbionts are shared between ants and their associated beetles
Authors: Valdivia Catalina , Newton Justin A. , von Beeren Christoph , O'Donnell Sean , Kronauer Daniel J. C. , Russell Jacob A. , Łukasik Piotr 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe transmission of microbial symbionts across animal species could strongly affect their biology and evolution, but our understanding of transmission patterns and dynamics is limited. Army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae) and their hundreds of closely associated insect guest species (myrmecophiles) can provide unique insights into interspecific microbial symbiont sharing. Here, we compared the microbiota of workers and larvae of the army ant Eciton burchellii with those of 13 myrmecophile beetle species using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that the previously characterized specialized bacterial symbionts of army ant workers were largely absent from ant larvae and myrmecophiles, whose microbial communities were usually dominated by Rickettsia, Wolbachia, Rickettsiella and/or Weissella. Strikingly, different species of myrmecophiles and ant larvae often shared identical 16S rRNA genotypes of these common bacteria. Protein‐coding gene sequences confirmed the close relationship of Weissella strains colonizing army ant larvae, some workers and several myrmecophile species. Unexpectedly, these strains were also similar to strains infecting dissimilar animals inhabiting very different habitats: trout and whales. Together, our data show that closely interacting species can share much of their microbiota, and some versatile microbial species can inhabit and possibly transmit across a diverse range of hosts and environments.
Survivals and the persistence of the past
Authors: Lucas Gavin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article explores the latent potential in the anthropological concept of survival, especially through Tylor's usage of the term. Once a core concept of anthropological theory in the late nineteenth century, the idea was critiqued and abandoned in the wake of the structural and functional anthropology of the early twentieth century. However, the concept implies many different things, and in clearing away some of the more problematic meanings, this article focuses on the core of the idea: namely the persistence of the past in the present. The intention is to examine the concept in terms of what it tells us about the relation between the past and the present and, by implication, the historical process itself. By drawing on the distinctions between survival and related terms of relics, persistent practices, and revivals, this article suggests a reappraisal of the concept and its relevance to contemporary anthropology and archaeology.
Development and validation of a scoring system to predict esophagogastroduodenoscopy necessity
Authors: Yang Jing , Yan Jing Shuang , Xiong Cen Xi , Zhang Xiao Mei , Shen Lei , Zhi Jun Li , Ma Shu Yun , Dong Hong Xia , Yang Yun Sheng 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a scoring system for predicting the need for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in clinical practice to enhance accuracy and reduce misapplications.MethodsFrom February 2021 to April 2022, outpatients scheduled for EGD at the Department of Gastroenterology in our hospital were recruited. Patients completed the system evaluation by providing clinical symptoms, relevant medical history, and endoscopic findings. Patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts (at 2:1 ratio). The optimal algorithm was selected from five alternatives including a parallel test. Six physicians participated in a human‐computer comparative validation. Sensitivity and negative likelihood ratio (−LR) were used as the primary indicators.ResultsAltogether 865 patients were enrolled, with 578 in the training cohort and 287 in the validation cohort. The scoring system comprised 21 variables, including age, 13 typical clinical symptoms, and seven medical history variables. The parallel test was selected as the final algorithm. Positive EGD findings were reported in 54.5% of the training cohort and 62.7% of the validation cohort. The scoring system demonstrated a sensitivity of 79.0% in the training cohort and 83.9% in the validation cohort, with −LR being 0.627 and 0.615, respectively. Compared to physicians, the scoring system exhibited higher sensitivity (84.0% vs 68.7%, P = 0.02) and a lower −LR (1.11 vs 2.41, P = 0.439).ConclusionsWe developed a scoring system to predict the necessity of EGD using a parallel test algorithm, which was user‐friendly and effective, as evidenced by single‐center validation.