bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Technique for Auricular Helical Rim Reconstruction in Adult Patients with Subtotal Helical Rim Defects
Authors: Lashin Riham , Elshahat Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Background:
In adults, the volume of costal cartilage is enough for reconstruction, but floating cartilage is hard, brittle, and easily broken due to calcification, in addition to being short, making it unsuitable for helical rim reconstruction in such age groups.

Aim of Study:
This study describes a novel technique in which adult patients underwent 2-stage helical rim reconstruction using the syncytium of sixth and seventh costal cartilage.

Material and Methods:
A single-arm clinical trial involves 35 adults with total and subtotal helical rim defects, either congenital, post-traumatic, postburn, or postvascular malformation excision. Twenty-nine unilateral and 6 bilateral cases. The age of patients ranged between 19 and 40 years. In the period between April 2021 and April 2023. Follow-up was 6 months.

Results:
There were no technique-related complications, such as broken helix. In most cases, scars were invisible, with the normal contour of helical rim. Among the 35 patients, 19 were graded as excellent, 13 as good, and 3 as fair. In objective photographic evaluation, all patients were evaluated with high (3 or 4) ratings; the score was 3 in 19 patients and 4 in 16 patients. All patients were satisfied with the size, contour, position and details of the new helix.

Conclusion:
Using the syncytium of the sixth and seventh costal cartilage to fabricate the helical rim in adult patients gives a suitable volume of cartilage graft as regards the length and width, which suits the reconstruction of the helical rim, and shows a good configuration with satisfactory surgical results.
A Novel Oligonucleotide mRNA Mimic Attenuates Hemorrhage-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Hu Zhijian , Li Jingsong , Zhang Fangming , Jacob Asha , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHemorrhagic shock (HS) is accompanied by a pronounced activation of the inflammatory response in which acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most frequent consequences. Among the pivotal orchestrators of this inflammatory cascade, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) emerges as a noteworthy focal point, rendering it as a promising target for the management of inflammation and tissue injury. Recently, we have reported that oligonucleotide poly(A) mRNA mimic termed A12selectively binds to the RNA binding region of eCIRP and inhibits eCIRP binding to its receptor TLR4. Furthermore, in vivo administration of eCIRP induces lung injury in healthy mice and that mouse deficient in CIRP showed protection from inflammation associated lung injury. We hypothesize that A12inhibits systemic inflammation and acute lung injury in hemorrhagic shock. To test the impacts of A12on systemic and lung inflammation, extent of inflammatory cellular infiltration and resultant lung damage were evaluated in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock. Male mice were subjected to controlled hemorrhage with a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg for 90 min and then resuscitated with Ringer’s Lactate solution containing phosphate buffered saline (Vehicle) or A12at a dose of 4 nmol/g body weight (treatment). The infusion volume was twice that of the shed blood. At 4 h after resuscitation, mice were euthanized, blood and lung tissues were harvested. Blood and tissue markers of inflammation and injury were evaluated. Serum markers of injury (LDH, ALT and BUN) and inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6) were increased after HS and A12treatment significantly decreased their levels. A12treatment also decreased lung levels of TNF-α, MIP-2 and KC mRNA expressions. Lung histological injury score, neutrophil infiltration (Ly6G staining and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity), and lung apoptosis were significantly attenuated after A12treatment. Our study suggests the capacity of A12in attenuating HS-induced ALI and may provide novel perspectives in developing efficacious pharmaceutics for improving hemorrhage prognosis.
The Carer Assessment of MedicaTion Management GuidanCe for People With Dementia at Hospital Discharge (CATCH) Tool
Authors: Sawan Mouna , Clough Alexander , Mirzaei Ardalan , Widjaja Gabrielle J. , Schneider Carl , Jeon Yun-Hee , Chen Timothy , Hilmer Sarah N. , Gnjidic Danijela 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
The Carer Assessment of medicaTion management guidanCe for people with dementia at Hospital discharge (CATCH) tool was developed to examine the carer’s experiences of medication management guidance delivery at discharge. This study explored its factor structure, characterized carers’ experiences at discharge, and identified predictors of carer preparedness to manage medications at discharge.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of carers across Australia was distributed. Survey responses were analyzed descriptively, and exploratory factor and regression analyses were performed.

Results:
A total of 185 survey responses were completed. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 2 factors in the CATCH tool: (1) shared and supported decision-making in medication management (16 items loading 0.47 to 0.93); 2) provision of medication management guidance that is easy to understand (4 items loading (0.48 to 0.82). Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach alpha >0.8). Almost 18% of participants stated that they were not included in decisions about medications for people with dementia. The carer reported that the measure of how guidance is provided was positively related to their confidence in the management of medications postdischarge and satisfaction (P< 0.05 for both).

Conclusions:
The CATCH tool can give the patient and carer an opportunity to provide feedback on key elements of medication management guidance delivered at discharge.
Differentiating Pathologic from Physiologic Fibrinolysis: Not as Simple as Conventional Thrombelastography
Authors: Moore Hunter B , Barrett Christopher D , Moore Ernest E , Pieracci Fredric M , Sauaia Angela 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:Conventional rapid thrombelastography (rTEG) cannot differentiate fibrinolysis shutdown from hypofibrinolysis, as both of these patient populations have low fibrinolytic activity. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) TEG can identify depletion of fibrinolytic inhibitors, and its use in combination with rTEG has the potential to differentiate all 3 pathologic fibrinolytic phenotypes after trauma. We hypothesize tPA-TEG and rTEG in combination can further stratify fibrinolysis phenotypes postinjury to better stratify risk for mortality.STUDY DESIGN:Adult trauma patients (981) with both rTEG and tPA-TEG performed less than 2 hours postinjury were included. rTEG lysis at 30 minutes after maximum amplitude (LY30) was used to initially define fibrinolysis phenotypes (hyperfibrinolysis >3%, physiologic 0.9% to 3%, and shutdown <0.9%), with Youden Index then used to define pathologic extremes of tPA-TEG LY30 (tPA sensitive [depletion of fibrinolytic inhibitors] vs resistant) resulting in 9 groups that were assessed for risk of death.RESULTS:The median New Injury Severity Score was 22, 21% were female, 45% had penetrating injury, and overall mortality was 13%. The tPA-TEG LY30 inflection point for increased mortality was >35.5% (tPA sensitive, odds ratio mortality 9.2, p < 0.001) and <0.3% (tPA resistance, odds ratio mortality 6.3, p = 0.04). Of the 9 potential fibrinolytic phenotypes, 5 were associated with increased mortality. Overall, the 9 phenotypes provided a significantly better prediction of mortality than rTEG or tPA-TEG alone (areas under the operating characteristics curves = 0.80 vs 0.63 and 0.75, respectively, p < 0.0001). These could be condensed to 3 pathologic phenotypes (true hyperfibrinolysis, early fibrinolysis shutdown, and hypofibrinolysis).CONCLUSIONS:The combination of rTEG and tPA-TEG increases the ability to predict mortality and suggests patient-specific strategies for improved outcomes.
Highly accurate discovery of terpene synthases powered by machine learning reveals functional terpene cyclization in Archaea
Authors: Samusevich Raman , Hebra Téo , Bushuiev Roman , Bushuiev Anton , Čalounová Tereza , Smrčková Helena , Chatpatanasiri Ratthachat , Kulhánek Jonáš , Perković Milana , Engst Martin , Tajovská Adéla , Sivic Josef , Pluskal Tomáš 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTerpene synthases (TPSs) generate the scaffolds of the largest class of natural products, including several first-line medicines. The amount of available protein sequences is increasing exponentially, and accurate computational characterization of their function remains an unsolved challenge. We assembled a curated dataset of one thousand characterized TPS reactions and developed a method to devise highly accurate machine-learning models for functional annotation in a low-data regime. Our models significantly outperform existing methods for TPS detection and substrate prediction. By applying the models to large protein sequence databases, we discovered seven TPS enzymes previously undetected by state-of-the-art protein signatures and experimentally confirmed their activity, including the first reported TPSs in the major domain of life Archaea. Furthermore, we discovered a new TPS structural domain and distinct subtypes of previously known domains. This work demonstrates the potential of machine learning to speed up the discovery and characterization of novel TPSs.
Structured Expert Judgement Approach of the Health Impact of Various Chemicals and Classes of Chemicals
Authors: Marti Deniz , Hanrahan David , Sanchez-Triana Ernesto , Wells Mona , Corra Lilian , Hu Howard , Breysse Patrick N. , Laborde Amalia , Caravanos Jack , Bertollini Roberto , Porterfield Kate , Fuller Richard 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionChemical contamination and pollution are an ongoing threat to human health and the environment. The concern over the consequences of chemical exposures at the global level continues to grow. Because resources are constrained, there is a need to prioritize interventions focused on the greatest health impact. Data, especially related to chemical exposures, are rarely available for most substances of concern, and alternate methods to evaluate their impact are needed.Structured Expert Judgment (SEJ) ProcessA Structured Expert Judgment3process was performed to provide plausible estimates of health impacts for 16 commonly found pollutants: asbestos, arsenic, benzene, chromium, cadmium, dioxins, fluoride, highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs), lead, mercury, polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAs), phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and brominated flame retardants (BRFs). This process, undertaken by sector experts, weighed individual estimations of the probable global health scale health impacts of each pollutant using objective estimates of the expert opinions’ statistical accuracy and informativeness.Main FindingsThe foremost substances, in terms of mean projected annual total deaths, were lead, asbestos, arsenic, and HHPs. Lead surpasses the others by a large margin, with an estimated median value of 1.7 million deaths annually. The three other substances averaged between 136,000 and 274,000 deaths per year. Of the 12 other chemicals evaluated, none reached an estimated annual death count exceeding 100,000. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing available resources on reducing and remediating the impacts of these key pollutants.Range of Health ImpactsBased on the evidence available, experts concluded some of the more notorious chemical pollutants, such as PCBs and dioxin, do not result in high levels of human health impact from a global scale perspective. However, the chemical toxicity of some compounds released in recent decades, such as Endocrine Disrupters and PFAs, cannot be ignored, even if current impacts are limited. Moreover, the impact of some chemicals may be disproportionately large in some geographic areas. Continued research and monitoring are essential; and a preventative approach is needed for chemicals.Future DirectionsThese results, and potential similar analyses of other chemicals, are provided as inputs to ongoing discussions about priority setting for global chemicals and pollution management. Furthermore, we suggest that this SEJ process be repeated periodically as new information becomes available.
Computational basis of hierarchical and counterfactual information processing
Authors: Ramadan Mahdi , Tang Cheng , Watters Nicholas , Jazayeri Mehrdad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCognitive theories attribute humans’ unparalleled capacity in solving complex multistage decision problems to distinctive hierarchical and counterfactual reasoning strategies. Here, we used a combination of human psychophysics and behaviorally-constrained neural network modeling to understand the computational basis of these cognitive strategies. We first developed a multi-stage decision-making task that humans solve using a combination of hierarchical and counterfactual processing. We then used a series of hypothesis-driven behavioral experiments to systematically dissect the potential computational constraints that underlie these strategies. One experiment revealed that humans have limited capacity for parallel processing. Another indicated that counterfactuals do not fully compensate for this limitation because of working memory limits. A third experiment revealed that the degree to which humans use counterfactuals depends on the fidelity of their working memory. Next, we asked whether the strategies humans adopt are computationally rational; i.e., optimal under these constraints. To do so, we analyzed the behavior of a battery of task-optimized recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that were subjected to one or more of these constraints. Remarkably, only RNNs that were subjected to all these constraints behaved similarly to humans. Further analysis of the RNNs revealed that what cognitive theories posit as distinctive strategies such as hierarchical and counterfactual are subdivisions in a continuum of computationally rational solutions that includes optimal, counterfactual, postdictive, and hierarchical.
SRP19and the protein secretion machinery is a targetable vulnerability in cancers withAPCloss
Authors: Xi Xinqi , Liu Ling , Tuano Natasha , Tailhades Julien , Mouradov Dmitri , Sieber Oliver , Cryle Max , Segelov Eva , Rosenbluh Joseph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is a tumour suppressor that is frequently lost in colorectal and other cancers. A common mechanism forAPCloss includes heterozygousAPCdeletion. Here, we show thatSRP19, is located nearAPCand is often co-deleted in these tumours. HeterozygousAPC/SRP19loss leads to lower levels ofSRP19mRNA and protein. Consequently, cells withAPC/SRP19loss are vulnerable to partial suppression ofSRP19. We show thatSRP19loss is a unique vulnerability sinceSRP19is rate limiting for the formation of the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP), a complex that mediates translocation of proteins to the ER. Consistent with these observations, partialSRP19knock-down or low dose Arsenic Trioxide treatment induces ER stress and inhibits proliferation inAPC/SRP19loss cancers. Our work identifies a new strategy to treat cancers withAPC/SRP19heterozygous deletions and provides a framework for identifying vulnerabilities associated with loss of a tumour suppressor.
Association between human blood metabolome and the risk of coronary heart disease: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Jia , Xia Xiaojun , Jiang Haodong , Wang Congying , Jin Yunpeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) to elucidate the causal relationships between specific blood metabolites and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). By analyzing data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and the FinnGen database, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis focusing on 40 metabolites and 6 metabolite ratios linked to CHD risk. Our findings highlight a group of metabolites significantly influencing CHD risk, either augmenting or mitigating it. Rigorous sensitivity checks, including MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO, negated the influence of horizontal pleiotropy and reinforced the robustness of our results. Furthermore, reverse MR analysis unveiled a bidirectional influence between certain metabolites and CHD, suggesting a complex mutual interaction. This study not only unravels intricate connections between metabolites and CHD, but also paves the way for potential biomarkers instrumental in CHD prevention and therapy. However, it acknowledges certain limitations, such as the modest sample size and a primary focus on European genetic data, underscoring the need for further investigations in more diverse population cohorts.
Functionally distinct dopamine domains in the hippocampus
Authors: Mehra Muneshwar , Molina Gerardo , Islam Md Tarikul , Dhanerawala Zahra M. , Bano Eleonora , Han Edward B. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryNumerous studies have identified dopamine signaling in the hippocampus as necessary for certain types of learning and memory. Since dopamine in the striatum is strongly tied to rewards, dopamine in the hippocampus is thought to reinforce reward learning. Despite the critical influence of dopamine on hippocampal function, little is known about dopamine release in the hippocampus or the specific ways dopamine can influence hippocampal function. Based on the functional complexity of hippocampal circuitry, we hypothesized the existence of multiple dopamine signaling domains. Using optical dopamine sensors, two-photon imaging, and head-fixed behaviors, we identified two functionally and spatially distinct dopamine domains in the hippocampus. The “superficial” domain (cell somata and apical dendrites) showed reward-related dopamine transients early in Pavlovian conditioning but were replaced by “deep” domain transients (basal dendritic layer) with experience. These two domains also play distinct roles in a hippocampal-dependent, goal-directed virtual reality task where mice use exploratory licks to discover the location of a hidden reward zone. Here, positive dopamine ramps appeared in the superficial domain as mice approached the reward zone, similar to those seen in the striatum. At the same time, the deep domain showed strong reward-related transients. These results reveal small-scale, anatomically segregated, dopamine domains in the hippocampus. Furthermore dopamine domain activity had temporal-specificity for different phases of behavior. Finally, the subcellular scale of dopamine domains suggests specialized postsynaptic pathways for processing and integrating functionally distinct dopaminergic influences.
WITHDRAWN: Sex-dependent effects ofSetd1ahaploinsufficiency on development and adult behaviour
Authors: Bosworth Matthew L. , Isles Anthony R. , Wilkinson Lawrence S. , Humby Trevor 
Published: February 2024

Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript due to a duplicate posting of manuscript number BIORXIV/2021/471949. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author. The correct preprint can be found at doi: 10.1101/2021.12.10.471949.
Exploring the drivers of AI-seeking intention among AI community canteen customers
Authors: Wu Hung-Che , Chen Sharleen X. , Xu Haonan 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the present research is to address the issue by conceptualizing artificial intelligence (AI) experience quality and its dimensions, and furthermore, to empirically test the relationships among AI experience quality, positive affective reactions, AI experience satisfaction and AI-seeking intention.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from an AI community canteen in Shanghai. They were also analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsFour primary dimensions and 15 sub-dimensions of AI experience quality for community canteens were identified. The hypothesized paths between the higher-order constructs – AI experience quality, positive affective reactions, AI experience satisfaction and AI-seeking intention – were confirmed as well.Originality/valueThis is the first study to synthesize AI experience quality, positive affective reactions, AI experience satisfaction and AI-seeking intention in an AI restaurant setting.
Does work meaningfulness hold the key? Exploring the power of meaningful work in attenuating burnout
Authors: Chakravorty Arjun , Kumar Vibhash , Singh Pankaj , Baburaj Sharath 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe paper aims to focus on underpinning the moderating role of work meaningfulness in alleviating the impact of general job demands on burnout directly and via work–family conflict by drawing on the conservation of resources theory.Design/methodology/approachSurvey methodology was used for this study, using standardized instruments to assess general job demands, meaningfulness, work–family conflict and burnout. The survey was administered to school teachers (n= 800), and the data set was analyzed through SmartPLS 4.0.FindingsThis study ascertained that work meaningfulness moderated the relationship between general job demands and burnout. This study also found that general job demands under conditions of low work meaningfulness positively affected burnout through work–family conflict, thereby validating the moderated mediation model.Originality/valueWhile several studies have established the relationship between general job demands, work–family conflict and burnout, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examined the moderating role of work meaningfulness in the relationship, where work meaningfulness has emerged as a suitable moderator in lowering the impact of job demands on burnout via a work–family conflict. This study contributes to the extant literature on work meaningfulness and adds utility to practice.