bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS LUMBAR EPIDURAL ANALGESIA ON THE ACID‐BASE STATUS OF MATERNAL ARTERIAL BLOOD DURING THE FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR
Authors: Pearson James F. , Davies Paul 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe maternal arterial acid‐base status and arterial lactate concentrations were measured in parturient women before the onset of clinically detectable labour, at the beginning of the active phase of labour and at full dilatation of the cervix. Of the patients studied, 43 were provided with continuous lumbar epidural analgesia, and 30 were managed conventionally. Epidural analgesia was associated with less alteration in acid‐base status during the first stage of labour than was seen in suitable controls. The possible cause of this finding is discussed briefly.
THE EFFECT OF VAGINAL BLEEDING IN EARLY PREGNANCY ON THE INFANT BORN AFTER THE 28TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY
Authors: South Joanna , Naldrett Janet 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study has been made of 7824 mothers with singleton pregnancies. Of these 1226 had some vaginal bleeding before the 28th week of pregnancy. The mean birthweight of the babies was considerably reduced following bleeding in early pregnancy. The risk of premature labour and congenital abnormalities was greater in the women who bled between the 16th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. There was a significant rise in the proportions of light‐for‐dates babies born to mothers who bled before 28 weeks. The high perinatal mortality rate is discussed.
A STUDY OF PLACENTAL SIZE AND CHORIO‐AMNIONITIS IN A CONSECUTIVE SERIES OF HOSPITAL DELIVERIES
Authors: Pryse‐Davies J. , Beazley J. M. , Leach G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlacental size and the incidence of chorio‐amnionitis was estimated in a consecutive series of 243 livebirths. Placental size did not vary significantly with the sex of the baby. Trimmed placental weight correlated with birthweight as did placental area and volume. The mean placental weight and standard deviation near term (38 to 43 weeks) was 489±97 g. and the mean ratio of placental weight to birthweight (the P/F ratio) was 14.6±2.3 per cent. The incidence of chorio‐amnionitis was 28 per cent and significantly related to prolongation of labour and the duration of ruptured membranes.
INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF YEAST SPECIES AND OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS IN THE VAGINA OF PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Hurley Rosalinde , Leask Barbara G. S. , Faktor J. A. , Ivy de Fonseka C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis paper reports the distribution of yeast‐like fungi in 1538 of 6629 vaginal swabs sent for diagnosis of vulvovaginitis over a five‐year period, and compares it with the distribution obtaining in two groups of 1031 and 1085 women studied prospectively. C. albicans was isolated from approximately 95 per cent of yeast‐containing swabs taken from patients with symptoms or signs of vulvovaginitis and from 75 to 80 per cent of yeast‐containing swabs taken from patients being screened in an antenatal booking clinic. Torulopsis glabrata was isolated next most frequently. Only C. albicansandT. glabrata were associated with pruritus. The possible role of T. glabrata in the pathogenesis of mycotic vulvovaginitis is discussed.Six per cent of 1031 women were found to harbour Trichomonas vaginalisand the Trichomonas : yeast ratio was 1:3. Trichomonas infection occurred more frequently in winter than in spring. The incidence of simultaneous infection with yeasts and trichomonads was 0.8 per cent.
KARYOTYPIC PROFILES OF WOMEN AFTER CLOMIPHENE CITRATE THERAPY
Authors: Charles D. , Turner J. H. , Redmond C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCytogenetic studies were made before and after clomiphene therapy on endometrial tissue obtained from seven patients with anovulation. In a further six subjects, endometrial karyotypic patterns were studied before drug administration. Statistical analysis of a large number of cells revealed that after treatment there was an increase in heteroploidy as well as in chromatid lesions and aberrations. The biological significance of these findings remains uncertain. They may reflect the action of the compound at the cellular level and could thus explain the occurrence of persistent infertility despite the successful induction of ovulation.
SERUM HEAT STABLE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVELS IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PREGNANCIES
Authors: Merrettand J. D. , Hunter R. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA regression equation has been derived to predict the serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) levels of women with “normal” pregnancies from their period of gestation. In many instances, an HSAP level significantly above that predicted from the regression equation has been observed before the onset of preeclampsia. Furthermore, the analyses strongly suggest that raised HSAP levels are associated with low birthweight infants. Abnormally high HSAP levels may also be associated with a history of unexplained stillbirth, accidental haemorrhage, second trimester threatened abortion and rhesus iso‐immunization of severe degree.
RENAL EXCRETION OF WATER AND SOLUTES DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Parboosingh J. , Doig A. , Michie E. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMean urine flow and the urinary excretion of total solute, sodium, potassium and urea were measured continuously throughout one menstrual cycle in nine healthy women on an unrestricted diet. The results obtained in the first and second halves of the cycle were compared in respect of 24 hour, day and night periods. The greatest differences occurred between the ovulatory and the early luteal phases, there being a significant increase after ovulation in mean 24 hour urine flow and the excretion of total solute, sodium and urea; mean night sodium excretion was disproportionately increased and was associated with an increase in night potassium excretion.
OVARIAN TUMOURS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Rome Robert M. , Laverty Colin R. , Brown James B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐eight postmenopausal women with ovarian tumours were studied by urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol analyses before operation and the results were compared with evidence of hormone activity provided by the history of bleeding, by vaginal cytology and by histology of the endometrium. The tumour, the ovary containing the tumour and the contralateral ovary were examined for stromal changes. Biochemical evidence of hormone production was found in 14 of the 30 patients with tumours of the surface epithelium, in the two patients with tumours which had metastasized from other sites and in four of the five patients with tumours of the sex‐cord mesenchyme. The one patient with a germ cell tumour had normal oestrogen values. The oestrogen and pregnanediol values correlated poorly with the history of bleeding and only partially with the histology of the endometrium. There was a significant correlation with the evidence of hormonal activity provided by vaginal cytology. The best correlation was obtained with the presence or absence of stromal changes in the tumour or ovary.
THE USE OF DOXAPRAM IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Gupta P. K. , Moore J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInfants born to mothers who have received narcotic analgesics or general anaesthetics often show respiratory depression. By serial analysis of arterialized capillary blood samples it was observed that the maximal effects in terms of pH, Pco2 and base excess values occurred at 10 minutes after birth in a group of babies who had only normal routine resuscitation. In another similar group of babies, in addition to the routine resuscitation measures, 0.5 to 3.0 mg./kg. of doxapram hydrochloride was injected into the umbilical vein immediately after the first sample of blood was taken. It was seen that doxapram–treated infants had less fall of pH and no rise of Pco2 at 10 minutes after birth. The pHand Pco2 values, however, returned to normal physiological limits by 4 to 24 hours in both groups, though the doxapram–treated group had a faster recovery. Further analysis of the data showed that the optimum dose of doxapram was 2 to 3 mg./kg.
SERUM TRANSFERRIN IN CORD BLOOD AND MATERNAL BLOOD
Authors: Chang L. L. , Sivasamboo R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentration of transferrin was measured in the blood of mothers during parturition and in the cord blood of their infants at delivery. The mean serum transferrin level in maternal blood was 361 mg./100 ml. (±71), that in cord blood was 179 mg./l00ml. (±32). There was a highly significant correlation between the level of serum transferrin in mother and infant (r = 0.427, p<0.001). The mean serum transferrin concentration of mothers who produced infants of low birth‐weight was found to be lower than that in other mothers.
APPLICATION OF THE POTENTIATING EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN E2 AND OXYTOCIN TO INDUCED SECOND TRIMESTER ABORTION
Authors: Alderman Brian , Thelwall‐Jones Hugh 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTermination of pregnancy was performed in 28 patients who were 11 to 22 weeks pregnant by the simultaneous administration of intravenous oxytocin and intrauterine (extra–amniotic) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Abortion occurred in a mean time of 10.1 hours (range 5.5 to 18.3 hours). In seven additional patients PGE2 alone was inserted into the extra–amniotic space. Abortion occurred in each patient and the mean induction–abortion interval was 21.3 hours (range 13 to 33 hours). There were no troublesome side effects in this series.
INDUCTION OF ABORTION BY THE EXTRA–AMNIOTIC ADMINISTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN GELS
Authors: Lippert T. H. , Modly T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBy the extra–amniotic administration of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α gels, abortion was successfully induced in 20 patients in the second trimester of pregnancy. The mean induction to abortion intervals for the fourteen patients treated with prostaglandin E2 gel and for the six patients treated with prostaglandin F2α gel were respectively 11.5 and 17.6 hours.
HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) LEVELS IN ABNORMAL PREGNANCIES
Authors: Lindberg Bo S. , Nilsson Bo A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman placental lactogen (HPL) levels in plasma were measured by a rapid radioimmunoassay in patients with pre–eclampsia, rhesus isoimmunization, diabetes and retarded intrauterine fetal growth. Patients with pre–eclampsia had lower mean plasma HPL levels than patients with normal pregnancies. In the patients with severe pre–eclampsia the mean values were usually lower than in those with mild pre–eclampsia. No intrauterine fetal deaths occurred in pre–eclamptic patients with plasma HPL values higher than 4 μg./ml. Infants of mothers with pre–eclampsia and plasma HPL values below 4.0 μMg./ml. had a high perinatal mortality, and a high incidence of low birthweights and low Apgar scores. All mothers with intrauterine fetal growth retardation had low plasma HPL values. In diabetes and rhesus isoimmunization the mean plasma HPL levels were the same as those in normal pregnancies. However, in patients who had a stillbirth due to severe rhesus isoimmunization a very sharp rise in plasma HPL values occurred before death of the fetus.
INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION DURING PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: Hyde Elisabeth , Joyce David , Gurewich Victor , Flute Peter T. , Barrera Samuel 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe presence of activated coagulation and fibrinolysis during pregnancy and the early puerperium was detected by measurement of fibrin monomer, fibrin degradation products (f.d.p.) and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) in 285 women during normal pregnancy, 57 women with a previous history of miscarriage, 35 women with pre–eclampsia, 253 women during the first week post partum and 15 women with postpartum complications including thromboembolic disease, infection and haemorrhage. The effects of age, parity, smoking, bacteriuria, ABO blood group, type of delivery, and postpartum administration of oestrogen for suppression of lactation were analyzed. Our findings indicated that activated coagulation and fibrinolysis are common occurrences during pregnancy and the puerperium. Primigravidae and women with pre–eclampsia, postpartum complications and a history of miscarriage had a significantly higher incidence and level of these fibrinogen derivatives than women with uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries.
PLASMA VOLUME AND GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN PREGNANCY AND THEIR RELATION TO DIFFERENCES IN FETAL GROWTH
Authors: Gibson Helen M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma volume and glomerular filtration rate were measured serially during pregnancy and again three months after delivery in nine healthy multigravidae with normal past obstetric histories, and in eleven multigravidae who had a history of reproductive failure (“poor reproducers”).The increase of plasma volume was less in the “poor reproducers” than in the normal women, largely but not entirely associated with babies of lower birthweight. As a reflection of the association there was a marked negative correlation between the birthweight of the baby and the lowest haemoglobin concentration reached by the mother.The rise in glomerular filtration rate was also less in the “poor reproducers” than in the normal women and in pregnancies where the baby was small the rate tended to fall from its peak value during the second half of pregnancy.
SEX STEROID HORMONE LEVELS IN PLASMA FOLLOWING INTRA–AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF UREA AND PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Craft I. L. , Fergusson I. L. C. , Smith B. , Youssefnejadian E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma progesterone, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol were determined before and after the intra‐amniotic injection of urea and prostaglandin E2 for mid‐trimester abortion. A general decline in hormone levels resulted following the injection and preceding abortion. The decreases in plasma progesterone and oestriol were most marked, a significant fall resulting one hour after injection.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENCES OF BIRTH TIMES UPON FETAL CONDITION IN NORMAL DELIVERIES
Authors: Wood Carl , Hing Ng Keng , Hounslow Dianne , Benning Hella 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe influence of differences of birth time upon umbilical cord acid‐base and blood gas status was studied in 46 women. Fetal umbilical vein/?H was significantly lower when either on view to end of delivery times or distending the perineum to end of delivery times were prolonged.
EFFECT OF RHESUS HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE UPON BIRTHWEIGHT
Authors: Binks A. S. , Lind T. , McNay R. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study of 3541 infants affected by rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn has shown that such babies are of lower birthweight for gestation than unaffected babies and that the degree to which birthweight is affected is related to the severity of the disease.
FETAL GROWTH AND PLACENTAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PLACENTA PRAEVIA
Authors: Varma Thankam R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFetal growth was assessed by serial ultrasound cephalometry in 150 patients with uncomplicated placenta praevia and certain menstrual dates who were treated expectantly. Placental function was assessed by serial 24‐hour total maternal urinary oestrogen assays. There were 24 (16 per cent) small‐for‐dates infants, more accurately predicted by serial cephalometry than by serial maternal urinary oestrogen assays. There was good correlation between fetal growth and the number of episodes of bleeding in pregnancy.
PREDICTION OF DELIVERY DATE BY ULTRASOUND CEPHALOMETRY
Authors: Varma Thankam R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe date of delivery was assessed by ultrasound cephalometry in 350 patients whose duration of pregnancy was uncertain. Because of retarded fetal growth 30 patients were excluded from the study three weeks after the first examination. Of the remaining 320 patients 274 went into spontaneous labour and of these 250 (91.2 per cent) did so within nine days of the estimated date of delivery as determined by ultrasound cephalometry.
THE REVERSIBILITY OF THE EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA ON HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE (HSD) ACTIVITY IN PLACENTAL VILLI MAINTAINED IN ORGAN CULTURE
Authors: Sharp Frank , Carty Matthew J. , Young Hamish 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA placental organ culture system was designed to establish, using hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) histochemical techniques whether, by re‐oxygenation, changes in placental villi induced by an antecedent period of hypoxia could be reversed. Forty‐three cultures were studied. Using 17β‐HSD substrates, reversal was achieved, but was time‐limited. No reversal was achieved using a 3β‐HSD substrate. Possible underlying subcellular mechanisms are discussed.
TOTAL WATER CONTENT AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION IN EMBRYO, PLACENTA AND DECIDUA IN THE COURSE OF EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: GELLEN J. , Pinter S. , Falkay Gy. , Kovacs L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTotal water content and chloride concentration were measured in embryo, placenta and decidua from 90 early human pregnancies. The total water content of the embryo and placenta is greater than that of the decidua, and decreases with increasing gestational age. The chloride content of the decidua, placenta and embryo, and by implication the extracellular fluid space, does not change between the fortieth and ninetieth days of pregnancy.
AMNIOTIC FLUID CREATININE LEVELS IN THE NORMOTENSIVE AND PRE‐ECLAMPTIC PATIENT
Authors: Harrison Robert F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid creatinine levels were determined in 111 patients of certain maturity. A value of 2.0 mg. per 100 ml. indicated a pregnancy of at least 38 weeks’ gestation. There was no statistical difference between mean levels in normotensive and preeclamptic patients. There was no correlation between maternal serum and amniotic fluid creatinine levels in either group.
ETHANOL‐COMBINED GALACTOSE TOLERANCE TESTS IN HEALTHY PREGNANT WOMEN AND THE EFFECT OF A HIGH‐PROTEIN DIET
Authors: Kesaniemi Y. A. , Kurppa K. O. , Husman K. R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGalactose tolerance tests after an oral load of galactose with and without a prior dose of ethanol were performed on 57 healthy pregnant and 18 healthy non‐pregnant women. In the pregnant women the capacity of the liver to remove galactose in the absence of ethanol was accelerated, and the inhibitory effect of ethanol on galactose disappearance was greatly reduced. Eight pregnant women in whom the inhibitory effect of ethanol on galactose disappearance was diminished were given a high‐protein preparation for four weeks and two other groups of eight pregnant women served as controls with no supplement to their diet. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on galactose disappearance increased slightly in the group treated with the high‐protein diet, but decreased in both control groups with no dietary supplement.It is concluded that in many healthy pregnant women ethanol only weakly inhibits removal of galactose from the blood, as in chronic alcoholics with a history of poor dietary regimen. The reason for this change in liver metabolism during pregnancy remains to be elucidated.
THE EFFECT OF ORAL NORETHISTERONE ON SERUM LIPID LEVELS TN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: GOWLAND E. , JONES R. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum cholesterol and lipoprotein‐triglyceride were measured in 38 women before and during treatment with the progestogen, norethisterone, as part of a trial of the agent for use as an oral contraceptive. Levels of cholesterol and lipoprotein‐triglyceride were found to fall during treatment. Before starting treatment with norethisterone some of the subjects had been taking either combined oestrogenl progestogen preparations or chlormadinone acetate as oral contraceptives. The fall in cholesterol levels appeared to be more marked in these women than in those not previously treated. The fall in lipoprotein‐triglyceride was of a similar degree in those not pretreated and those previously taking combined oestrogen/progestogen contraceptives.
ABDOMINAL REPAIR OF HIGH RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA
Authors: Bentley R. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHigh rectovaginal fistulae following obstructed labour may be impossible to repair by a vaginal operation. An abdominal operation is described in which the rectum is mobilized to the pelvic floor, separated from the vagina, repaired and a pedicle graft of greater omentum interposed between the rectum and vagina. This operation has been successful in five consecutive patients.
CROHN'S DISEASE OF THE VULVA*
Authors: Ansell I. D. , Hogbin B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCutaneous ulceration has only recently been recognized as a complication of Crohn's disease. It usually occurs in the perineum in continuity with Crohn's disease of the anus. A case is presented of metastatic ulceration of the anterior vulva in a patient with Crohn's disease.
THIOCYANATE AND SMOKING IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Andrews Joan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThiocyanate was measured in maternal and cord blood at the time of delivery. The amount of thiocyanate present was significantly greater if the mother smoked during pregnancy. It is suggested that the cyanide and thiocyanate present in tobacco are of importance in the aetiology of the increased incidence of light‐for‐dates babies and the decrease in hypertension in pregnancy associated with maternal smoking.
AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON MATERNAL OESTRIOL EXCRETION DURING PREGNANCY AND ON FETAL OUTCOME
Authors: Targett Christopher S. , Gunesee Harichchha , McBride Frances , Beischer Norman A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 1000 consecutive patients with singleton pregnancies 38.7 per cent were smokers and 13.7 per cent had subnormal oestriol excretion. There was a significant correlation between low oestriol excretion and both intrauterine fetal growth retardation and perinatal mortality (P<0.001). Smoking had a significant correlation with intrauterine growth retardation (P<0.001), but not with perinatal mortality (P<0.05). The incidence of low oestriol excretion in smokers (15.5 per cent) was not significantly different from that in non‐smokers (12.6 per cent) (P<0.25). Further study is required to evaluate the effects of heavy smoking on feto‐placental function. Hypoxia is probably not the important influence causing fetal growth retardation in smokers.
VIABILITY OF HUMAN TROPHOBLAST IN VITRO
Authors: Taylor Pamela V. , Hancock Karl W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman placental monolayer cultures contain three main cell types: epithelioid, giant multinucleated and fibroblastic cells. Only epithelioid and giant multinucleated cells are of trophoblastic origin. The viability and relative abundance of the three cell types were investigated using four methods of assessment: trypan blue exclusion, phase‐contrast microscopy, mitotic indices and synthesis of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Between days 1 and 8, epithelioid and giant multinucleated cells were dominant. The mitotic index gradually declined during this period but cell viability as assessed by dye exclusion and phase‐contrast microscopy was high and active synthesis of chorionic gonadotrophin occurred. Fibroblastic cells dominated the culture from approximately day 9. Experiments with trophoblast in vitro should therefore be performed during the first eight days of culture.
THE LEMBERT SUTURE IN THE PREVENTION OF VAGINAL VAULT GRANULATION AFTER TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY
Authors: Fairlie E. J. , Al‐Hassani S. S. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA continuous Lembert suture was used for closing the vaginal vault in a consecutive series of 230 patients having a total abdominal hysterectomy. The incidence of vault granulation eight weeks after operation was seven per cent and less than half of the patients with granulations had associated symptoms. When chromic catgut was used for the vaginal vault and linen thread for the main pedicles granulations occurred in 10.8 per cent of patients, but when Dexon was used for both the vaginal vault and for the main pedicles the incidence was only 2 · 7 per cent.