bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of automated insulin delivery over one‐year follow‐up in real life for youths and adults with type 1 diabetes irrespective of patient characteristics
Authors: Henry Zoé , Villar Fimbel Sylvie , Bendelac Nathalie , Perge Kevin , Thivolet Charles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate glycaemic outcomes in youths and adults with type 1 diabetes with either MiniMed™ 780G or Tandem t:slim X2™ control‐IQ automated insulin delivery (AID) systems and to evaluate clinical factors that migrate, mitigate the achievement of therapeutic goals.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective, real‐world, observational study was conducted in a specialized university type 1 diabetes centre with patients observed for 3‐12 months post‐initiation of an AID system. Primary outcomes were the percentage time in the target glucose range [TIR70‐180 mg/dl (3.9‐10 mmol/L)] as measured by continuous glucose monitoring, mean glucose management indicator (GMI) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.ResultsOur study cohort consisted of 48 adolescents and 183 adults (55% females) aged 10‐77 years. The mean (95% confidence interval) TIR70‐180 mg/dl after 30 days was higher than baseline and by 14% points after 360 days with 71.33% (69.4‐73.2) (n = 123, p < .001). HbA1c levels decreased by 0.7% and GMI by 0.6% after 360 days. The proportion of time spent <70 mg/dl (3.9 mmol/L) was not significantly different from baseline. During follow‐up, 780G users had better continuous glucose monitoring results than control‐IQ users but similar HbA1c levels, and an increased risk of weight gain. Age at onset influenced TIR70‐180 mg/dl in univariate analysis but there was no significant relationship after adjusting on explanatory variables. Baseline body mass index did not influence the performance of AID systems.ConclusionsThis analysis showed the beneficial effects of two AID systems for people with type 1 diabetes across a broad spectrum of participant characteristics. Only half of the participants achieved international recommendations for glucose control with TIR70‐180 mg/dl >70%, HbA1c levels or GMI <7%, which outlines the need to maintain strong educational and individual strategies.
Cross‐scale assessments of the impacts and resilience of subtropical montane cloud forests to chronic seasonal droughts and episodic typhoons
Authors: Wang Hsueh‐Ching , Huang Cho‐ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMontane cloud forests (MCFs) are ecosystems frequently immersed in fog and are vital for the terrestrial hydrological cycle and biodiversity hotspots. However, the potential impacts of climate change, particularly intensified droughts and typhoons, on the persistence of ecosystems remain unclear. Our study conducted cross‐scale assessments using 6‐year (2016–2021) ground litterfall and 21‐year (2001–2021) satellite greenness data (the Enhanced Vegetation Index [EVI] and the EVI anomaly change [ΔEVI%]), gross primary productivity anomaly change (ΔGPP%), and meteorological variables (the standardized precipitation index [SPI] and wind speed). We found a positive correlation between summer EVI and ΔGPP% with the SPI‐3 (3‐month time scale), while winter litterfall showed a negative correlation. Maximum typhoon daily wind speed was negatively correlated with summer and the monthly ΔEVI% and ΔGPP%. These findings suggest vegetation damage and productivity loss were related to drought and typhoon intensities. Furthermore, our analysis highlighted that chronic seasonal droughts had more pronounced impacts on MCFs than severe typhoons, implying that high precipitation and frequent fog immersion do not necessarily mitigate the ramifications of water deficit on MCFs but might render MCFs more sensitive and vulnerable to drought. A significant negative correlation between the summer and winter ΔEVI% and ΔGPP% of the same year, suggesting disturbance severity during summer may facilitate vegetation regrowth and carbon accumulation in the subsequent winter. This finding may be attributed to the ecological resilience of MCFs, which enables them to recover from the previous summer. In the long‐term, our results indicated an increase in vegetation resilience over two decades in MCFs, likely driven by rising temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide levels. However, the enhancement of resilience might be overshadowed by the potential intensified droughts and typhoons in the future, potentially causing severe damage and insufficient recovery times for MCFs, thus raising concerns about uncertainties regarding their sustained resilience.
Negotiating autonomy in the public sector and nonprofits “collaborations” in politically contested fields
Authors: Caló Francesca , Numerato Dino , Bontenbal Ilona , Kourachanis Nikos , Scognamiglio Fulvio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNonprofits are increasingly involved in cross‐sectoral collaborations with the public sector. However, we know little about the dynamics behind these collaborations and what happens to them in politically contested fields where actors may have divergent positions. In this article, a multi‐country comparison of data gathered from semi‐structured interviews (n = 68) with representatives of nonprofits involved in the labor market inclusion of newcomers is presented. Our findings indicate that, in politically contested fields, the possibility of participating in cross‐sectoral collaborations (political autonomy) is influenced by nonprofits' financial and ideological autonomy. Welfare models and migration regimes play a fundamental role in shaping the inclusion of these organizations in collaborations, and in most cases, the collaborations are based on latent conflicts. Our article discusses that if the costs of autonomy associated with cross‐sectoral collaborations are not offset, the collaboration in a politically contested field becomes a liability for nonprofits (and their beneficiaries).
PD‐1 expression on tumour‐infiltrating cells is a prognostic factor for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wada Fumiya , Kamijo Kimimori , Shimomura Yoshimitsu , Yamashita Daisuke , Hara Shigeo , Ishikawa Takayuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe tumour microenvironment (TME), which is modulated after immune‐chemotherapy, is involved in tumour growth and metastasis. Programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) expressed on tumour‐infiltrating non‐malignant cells plays an important role in the TME through the PD‐1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) signalling pathway. However, its impact in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using tissue samples at relapse for patients with R/R DLBCL (n = 45) and evaluated the clinical impact of PD‐1 expression on tumour‐infiltrating non‐malignant cells (microenvironmental PD‐1, mPD‐1). In addition, corresponding 27 samples at diagnosis were analysed to evaluate the changes in PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression in the TME after chemotherapy.ResultsPatients with mPD‐1+ DLBCL showed significantly better overall survival compared with patients with mPD‐1− DLBCL (hazard ratio, 0.30, p = 0.03). Among patients with mPD‐1− DLBCL, those positive for neoplastic or microenvironmental PD‐L1 (nPD‐L1+ or mPD‐L1+) showed significantly worse outcomes. Microenvironmental PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression has high correlation at relapse, although none was found at diagnosis.ConclusionWe determined the clinical impact of microenvironmental PD‐1 expression and its relationship with neoplastic or microenvironmental expression of PD‐L1 in patients with R/R DLBCL. The expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 in the TME dramatically changes during the chemotherapy. Therefore, evaluating TME at relapse, not at diagnosis is useful to predict the outcomes of R/R DLBCL patients.
Differences in the perception of the role of instructors among Western and Chinese students in online teaching practices
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Zhou Chunmiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe global introduction of complex measures directed at the containment of the COVID‐19 spread has spurred a massive shift to distance learning among educational institutions. As far as such a learning mode is rather forced and, probably, only a few establishments faced no difficulties with it, the matter of assuring teaching activities' effectiveness in the practice of e‐learning is relevant.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this article was to assess the efficiency of online‐based tools and technologies in the context of distance education and develop a set of recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of online teaching.MethodsThe research methodology was based on an empirical approach presupposing an exploratory questionnaire survey addressed to university students. As for the e‐learning platform used, the focus was set on Microsoft Teams.Results and ConclusionsIn general, the conducted investigation unveiled that the perception of the role of the instructor differs among Western and Chinese students in terms of willingness to accept psychological help and the feeling of safety during online lessons. Given this, it is reasonable to pay more attention to the psychological well‐being of international students. The comprehensive analysis of survey outcomes allowed the development of a set of recommendations able to enhance the effectiveness of teaching in online settings. These encompass, for example, giving preference to small student group formations, setting greater emphasis on means increasing students' motivation to learn, involvement of instructors in the development and delivery of video lectures, the introduction of automated student assessment, use of multimedia information, and informing students about possible ways of interaction.
A prospective study of the association of cognitive and motor function with odds of life space constriction in older adults
Authors: Zammit Andrea R. , Yu Lei , Buchman Aron S. , Lange‐Maia Brittney S. , Bennett David A. , Grodstein Francine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany studies indicate that smaller life space is related to worse cognitive and motor function. It is plausible that cognitive and motor function also predict life space constriction, thus long‐term, prospective studies are needed of cognitive and motor function as predictors of life space.MethodsA total of 1246 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project, who reported initial maximal life space and at least one follow‐up assessment were included in this prospective study, with up to 19 years follow‐up. The outcome of interest was the Modified version of the Life Space Questionnaire; which we categorized into large (beyond community), medium (neighborhood/community), and small (home/yard) life space. Participants also had detailed composite measures of global cognition and motor function as predictors and available at the first life space assessment. Life space transitions over one‐year periods were modeled using multistate Markov modeling, including confounders and both predictors simultaneously.ResultsBetter cognitive and motor function were broadly associated with lower odds of life space constriction (Cognitive: Large ➔ medium: OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.00; Large ➔ small: OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.97; Medium ➔ small: OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.82–1.22. Motor: large ➔ medium: OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.83; large ➔ small: OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.51–0.67; medium ➔ small: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.57–0.87).ConclusionsCombined with previous literature that life space predicts function, these results support the notion of complex inter‐relations of cognitive function, motor function, and life space.
Contraception and Abortion Care for People Living With HIV: A Clinical Guide for Reproductive Health Practitioners
Authors: Yang Lanbo , Allen Rebecca H. , Cambou Mary Catherine , Nielsen‐Saines Karin , Brown Benjamin P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeople capable of pregnancy are disproportionately affected by HIV. Family planning needs and services are often unmet in this population, and clinical care guidelines regarding contraceptive options and abortion care are not well elucidated. Individuals living with HIV often face unique barriers in accessing contraception and abortion services due to internalized stigma, medically complex care (eg, drug–drug interactions, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy), and distrust of health care providers. There is also a lack of clarity among reproductive health, primary, and infectious disease care providers on best‐practice contraceptive counseling and contraceptive care for individuals living with HIV, given limited opportunities to enhance expertise in reproductive infectious disease. In this review, we summarize existing and updated evidence and clinical considerations regarding contraceptive counseling and abortion care in this population.
Risk of incident chronic kidney disease in metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy normal weight: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Iqbal Junaid , Wu Hui‐Xuan , Nawaz Muhammad Asad , Jiang Hong‐Li , Xu Shi‐Na , Huang Bi‐Ling , Li Long , Cai Jun‐Min , Zhou Hou‐De 
Published: October 2023

SummaryStudies have reported inconsistent results about the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We designed this systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the risk of developing CKD in people with MHO and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW). We used a predefined search strategy to retrieve eligible studies from multiple databases up to June 20, 2022. Random‐effects model meta‐analyses were implied to estimate the overall hazard ratio (HR) of incident CKD in obesity phenotypes. Eight prospective cohort studies, including approximately 5 million participants with a median follow‐up ranging between 3 and 14 years, were included in this meta‐analysis. Compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), the mean differences in cardiometabolic and renal risk factors in MHO, MUNW, and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) were evaluated with overall HR of 1.42, 1.49, and 1.84, respectively. Compared to MHNW, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly lower, and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), blood pressure, blood glucose, and triglycerides were higher in MHO and MUNW. In conclusion, MHO and MUNW are not benign conditions and pose a higher risk for incident CKD. Obesity, whether in the presence or absence of metabolic health, is a risk factor for CKD.
Microbiota do not restrict rotavirus infection of colon
Authors: Hellysaz Arash , Nordgren Johan , Neijd Magdalena , Martí Magalí , Svensson Lennart , Hagbom Marie 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus is associated with extensive infection of the small intestine, whereas colon is considered to be uninfected. Considering that almost all bacteria in the gut colonize the colon, we hypothesized that the microbiota may act as a physical barrier preventing rotavirus infection in the colon
in vivo
. To address this hypothesis, we used human and mice colonoids, and biopsies of different intestinal segments of untreated and antibiotic-treated adult and infant mice. Rotavirus quantification was performed by qPCR and volumetric 3D imaging of intestinal segments. By 3D imaging, we observed infection in all the small intestinal segments, most extensively in the ileum, with most limited number of infected cells in colon. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment yielded no significant change in infection in either ileum or colon of adults and mice pups, although there is a substantial decrease in microbial load. We also show that rotavirus can successfully infect and replicate in colonoids from both mice and humans. Collectively, our data, including novel 3D imaging of the gut, mouse, and human colonoids, conclude that microbiota does not affect rotavirus infection in colon.

IMPORTANCE
Alterations of the gut microbiome can have significant effects on gastrointestinal homeostasis leading to various diseases and symptoms. Increased understanding of rotavirus infection in relation to the microbiota can provide better understanding on how microbiota can be used for clinical prevention as well as treatment strategies. Our volumetric 3D imaging data show that antibiotic treatment and its consequent reduction of the microbial load does not alter the extent of rotavirus infection of enterocytes in the small intestine and that restriction factors other than bacteria limit the infection of colonocytes.
Autophagy gene-dependent intracellular immunity triggered by interferon-γ
Authors: McAllaster Michael R. , Bhushan Jaya , Balce Dale R. , Orvedahl Anthony , Park Arnold , Hwang Seungmin , Sullender Meagan E. , Sibley L. David , Virgin Herbert W. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Genes required for the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy play key roles in topologically distinct and physiologically important cellular processes. Some functions of
ATG
genes are independent of their role in degradative autophagy. One of the first described of these
ATG
gene-dependent, but degradative autophagy independent, processes is the requirement for a subset of
ATG
genes in interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced inhibition of norovirus and
Toxoplasma gondii
replication. Herein, we identified additional genes that are required for, or that negatively regulate, this innate immune effector pathway. Enzymes in the UFMylation pathway negatively regulated IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication via effects of
Ern1
. IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication required
Gate-16
(also termed
GabarapL2
),
Wipi2b
,
Atg9a
,
Cul3
, and
Klhl9
but not
Becn1
(encoding Beclin 1),
Atg14
,
Uvrag
, or
Sqstm1
. The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and ATG16L1-binding domains of WIPI2B, as well as the ATG5-binding domain of ATG16L1, were required for IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication. Other members of the
Cul3
,
Atg8
, and
Wipi2
gene families were not required, demonstrating exquisite specificity within these gene families for participation in IFNγ action. The generality of some aspects of this mechanism was demonstrated by a role for GATE-16 and WIPI2 in IFNγ-induced control of
Toxoplasma gondii
infection in human cells. These studies further delineate the genes and mechanisms of an
ATG
gene-dependent programmable form of cytokine-induced innate intracellular immunity.

IMPORTANCE

Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a critical mediator of cell-intrinsic immunity to intracellular pathogens. Understanding the complex cellular mechanisms supporting robust interferon-γ-induced host defenses could aid in developing new therapeutics to treat infections. Here, we examined the impact of autophagy genes in the interferon-γ-induced host response. We demonstrate that genes within the autophagy pathway including
Wipi2
,
Atg9
, and
Gate-16
, as well as ubiquitin ligase complex genes
Cul3
and
Klhl9
are required for IFNγ-induced inhibition of murine norovirus (norovirus hereinafter) replication in mouse cells.
WIPI2
and
GATE-16
were also required for IFNγ-mediated restriction of parasite growth within the
Toxoplasma gondii
parasitophorous vacuole in human cells. Furthermore, we found that perturbation of UFMylation pathway components led to more robust IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus via regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Enhancing or inhibiting these dynamic cellular components could serve as a strategy to control intracellular pathogens and maintain an effective immune response.
Construction and functional verification of size-reduced plasmids based on TMP resistance gene
dfrB10
Authors: Li Chun-cao , Hu Rui , Hua Xiu-min , Ni Yi-xuan , Ge Lu , Zhang Lu , Yu Wen , Hao Ni-xin , Xia Hui , Fang Qiang , Tao Zhi-yong 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance screening is crucial in the construction of recombinant plasmids. The
dfrB10
gene, a short-size trimethoprim (TMP)-resistance type B dihydrofolate reductase gene, is a promising antibiotic drug screening marker for plasmid construction in molecular genetic research. Currently, available plasmid backbones (without the resistance gene) were amplified using PCR, and then we ligated these products with
dfrB10
gene fragments via homologous recombination to construct new plasmid vectors with TMP resistance. The cloning, expression, and gene editing functions of the new plasmids based on their different purposes were verified. By successfully replacing the original resistance genes of pUC19, pET28a, pcDNA3.1, and pX330 plasmids with
dfrB10
, we constructed a series of plasmids with TMP resistance. The change of the resistance selection marker to TMP did not affect the function of the plasmids compared to the original ones. Furthermore, a short (988 bp) TMP-resistant miniature tool plasmid, pTMi, was constructed based on the pUC19 plasmid. With the use of the
dfrB10
gene as a resistance marker under TMP drug screening, various size-reduced tool plasmids can be routinely constructed. These plasmids have similar functions to the original ones and can be used for research applications in molecular genetics.

IMPORTANCE

Plasmid size is one of the factors affecting transfection efficacy in most of the molecular genetic research studies. One effective approach for reducing plasmid size is to replace relatively large, conventional antibiotic resistance genes with the short-size
dfrB10
gene. The successful construct of a series of
dfrB10-
based tool plasmids and their functional validation, via comparison with original plasmids, suggest that
dfrB10
is a potent drug resistance selection marker. The antibiotic trimethoprim offers convenient usage comparable to that of ampicillin or kanamycin. Additionally, fluorescence analysis has demonstrated the compatibility of TMP with protein expression in various host cells. Based on these findings, TMP-
dfrB10
could be an alternative choice for future use in molecular genetic research studies that require miniature plasmids to achieve optimal results.
Use of healthcare services before diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based matched case-control study
Authors: Prasad Vibhore , Rezel-Potts Emma , White Patrick , Downs Johnny , Boddy Nicholas , Sayal Kapil , Sonuga-Barke Edmund 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo compare use of healthcare services and reasons for attendance by children and young people (CYP) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus non-ADHD controls.DesignPopulation-based matched case-control study.SettingEnglish primary care electronic health records with linked hospital records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 1998–2015.Participants8127 CYP with an ADHD diagnosis aged 4–17 years at the time of diagnosis and 40 136 non-ADHD controls matched by age, sex and general practitioner (GP) practice.Main outcome measuresMedical diagnoses, prescriptions, hospital admissions and hospital procedures in the 2 years before diagnosis (or the index date for controls).ResultsCYP with ADHD attended healthcare services twice as often as controls (rate ratios: GP: 2.0, 95% CI=2.0, 2.1; hospital 1.8, 95% CI=1.8, 1.9). CYP with ADHD attended their GP, received prescriptions and were admitted to hospital for a wide range of reasons. The strongest association for GP attendances, comparing CYP with versus without ADHD, was for ‘mental and behavioural disorders’ (OR=25.2, 95% CI=23.3, 27.2). Common reasons for GP attendance included eye, ear, nose, throat, oral (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.4, 1.5) and conditions such as asthma (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.3, 1.4) or eczema (OR=1.2, 95% CI=1.0, 1.3).ConclusionsTwo years before diagnosis, CYP with ADHD attended healthcare services twice as often as CYP without. CYP with ADHD had increased rates of physical conditions, such as asthma and eczema. These contacts may be an opportunity for earlier recognition and diagnosis of ADHD.