bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac imaging highlights from European Society of Cardiology 2024: the future is within our grasp!
Authors: Figliozzi Stefano , Hutt Erika , Gimelli Alessia , Jaber Wael A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The European Society of Cardiology has held its annual Congress in London, UK, from 30 August to 2 September 2024. With a total of 31 800 participants, 5400 faculty and presenters, and many National Cardiac Societies and industry partners, the Congress has taken an enormous step forward to present and discuss the latest advances in cardiovascular medicine. The sizable intercontinental reach was proved by the fact that 5 of the 10 top countries, in terms of submission of abstracts, were from outside Europe: China, the USA, Japan, Korea, and Australia. This brought a great impetus for international collaboration and exchange of views, learning from different perspectives. Specifically, the field of cardiovascular imaging has been in the spotlight, remarking its growing, central, and transversal role in modern cardiovascular medicine. In this communication, we offer a summary of some notable advances in research, either in terms of novelty or clinical applicability, within the realm of four imaging modalities: echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and nuclear imaging.
From Connections to Merit: Anti-Corruption Reform and Occupational Mobility in China's Civil Service
Authors: Ang Geer , Qin Yu , Tan Ya , Zhang Fan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In China, employment in civil service is perceived as a primary path to leadership roles in government. This paper examines the role of family background in shaping the choice to enter civil service and investigates the impact of the 2012 anti-corruption campaign on this process. We find that college graduates with cadre parents are more likely to work as a civil servant. However, using a difference-in-differences approach, we show an 18% decline in this occupational persistence post-campaign. Evidence suggests that reduced use of parental social networks may drive this change. Furthermore, the campaign appears to have improved civil servants’ quality.
Artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiogram to rule out acute myocardial infarction: the ROMIAE multicentre study
Authors: Lee Min Sung , Shin Tae Gun , Lee Youngjoo , Kim Dong Hoon , Choi Sung Hyuk , Cho Hanjin , Lee Mi Jin , Jeong Ki Young , Kim Won Young , Min Young Gi , Han Chul , Yoon Jae Chol , Jung Eujene , Kim Woo Jeong , Ahn Chiwon , Seo Jeong Yeol , Lim Tae Ho , Kim Jae Seong , Choi Jeff , Kwon Joon-myoung , Kim Kyuseok ,   ROMIAE study group, Park Jong Eun , Chung Heajin , Jeong Jin Hee , Park Sung-Jun , Ahn Sejoong , Jung Haewon , Ko Seok Hoon , Choi Han Sung , Kim June-sung , Rhee Bangshill , Kim Keon , Kim So Eun , Bu Ji Hwan , Kim Jae Hwan , Kim Dong Won , Cho Yongil , Lee Yonghee , Choi Kihwan , Choi Sangchun , Son Jeong Min , Kang Sora , Lee Hak Seung , Kim Min-yeong , Shin Nuri , Jang Jong-Hwan , Jo Yong-Yeon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Emerging evidence supports artificial intelligence–enhanced electrocardiogram (AI-ECG) for detecting acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but real-world validation is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of AI-ECG in detecting AMI in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
The Rule-Out acute Myocardial Infarction using Artificial intelligence Electrocardiogram analysis (ROMIAE) study is a prospective cohort study conducted in the Republic of Korea from March 2022 to October 2023, involving 18 university-level teaching hospitals. Adult patients presenting to the ED within 24 h of symptom onset concerning for AMI were assessed. Exposure included AI-ECG score, HEART score, GRACE 2.0 score, high-sensitivity troponin level, and Physician AMI score. The primary outcome was diagnosis of AMI during index admission, and the secondary outcome was 30 day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE).

Results
The study population comprised 8493 adults, of whom 1586 (18.6%) were diagnosed with AMI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AI-ECG was 0.878 (95% CI, 0.868–0.888), comparable with the HEART score (0.877; 95% CI, 0.869–0.886) and superior to the GRACE 2.0 score, high-sensitivity troponin level, and Physician AMI score. For predicting 30 day MACE, AI-ECG (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.866; 95% CI, 0.856–0.877) performed comparably with the HEART score (0.858; 95% CI, 0.848–0.868). The integration of the AI-ECG improved risk stratification and AMI discrimination, with a net reclassification improvement of 19.6% (95% CI, 17.38–21.89) and a C-index of 0.926 (95% CI, 0.919–0.933), compared with the HEART score alone.

Conclusions
In this multicentre prospective study, the AI-ECG demonstrated diagnostic accuracy and predictive power for AMI and 30 day MACE, which was similar to or better than that of traditional risk stratification methods and ED physicians.
Chaperone dysfunction in motor neuron disease: new insights from studies of the SMN complex
Authors: Matera A Gregory 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are devastating neurodegenerative diseases characterized by motor neuron loss. Although these 2 disorders have distinct genetic origins, recent studies suggest that they share common etiological mechanisms rooted in proteostatic dysfunction. At the heart of this emerging understanding is the survival motor neuron (SMN) complex.
Modeling the mechanical properties of rock at different pore and confining pressures using the grain-based stress corrosion model
Authors: Fu Teng-Fei , Zhu De-Fu , Li Ya-Tao 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A grain-based stress corrosion model is built from 3DEC-GBM (i.e. a 3-D discrete element grain-based model). The model employs the effective stress law and stress corrosion theory to study the time-dependent and time-independent deformation at the mesoscale of the sandstone with varying confining and pore pressures. The simulations adequately explain complex macroscopic time-independent behaviour in terms of the mesoscale interaction of grains, and tension cracks were the dominant crack propagation pattern in the simulation for different confining and pore pressures. The traditional creep behaviour observed in laboratory brittle creep experiments could also be accurately reproduced by the proposed model. The simulations show that the percentage of tension cracks in rock fractures decreases with increasing confining pressure and pore pressures. Increasing the applied differential stress and reducing the effective pressure can shorten time-to-failure and increase the creep strain rate, respectively. We conclude that the proposed model is an appropriate tool to analyse the deformation behaviour of sandstone under coupled hydromechanical loading in both the short and long term.
Outcomes of surgical management for Kommerell’s diverticulum associated with type B aortic dissection
Authors: Ahmad Nouman , Huang Lingjin , Chen Xuliang , Huang Yingjie , Li Jiawei , Xie Zhongshang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Kommerell’s diverticulum presents a distinctive challenge in clinical management due to its rarity and diverse clinical manifestations, particularly when concurrent with type B aortic dissection. However, a consensus on the optimal treatment strategy has yet to be established. This study presents our experience with an open surgical approach to treating Kommerell’s diverticulum associated with type B aortic dissection.

METHODS
This retrospective study evaluated 10 patients who underwent surgical repair for Kommerell’s diverticulum with concurrent type B aortic dissection. Through median sternotomy, under cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest + retrograde cerebral perfusion, a frozen elephant trunk stent graft was deployed in the descending thoracic aorta to address the type B aortic dissection and Kommerell’s diverticulum. Aberrant subclavian arteries were reconstructed by bypassing the distal portion into the native ascending aorta or carotid artery, accompanied by proximal ligation of the aberrant artery.

RESULTS
The median age of the patient was 49 years (interquartile range: 42.2–58.5). There were no in-hospital or 30-day postoperative deaths. All patients were discharged with a median hospital stay of 8.5 days (interquartile range: 7.75–10.5). No cases of stroke or spinal cord ischaemia were observed. Follow-up was completed for all patients, with a mean duration of 27.4 (standard deviation: 15.3) months, during which no adverse events occurred.

CONCLUSIONS
This surgical approach for managing Kommerell’s diverticulum with type B aortic dissection offers a safe and effective option, yielding favourable short-term outcomes. It may provide a durable alternative to traditional surgical methods and overcome limitations associated with endovascular surgeries.
Innovative balloon-inflatable venous cannula for enhanced cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Authors: Sazzad Faizus , Kim Ki Han , Moideen Irwan Shah Bin Mohd , El Gohary Abdulrahman , Stevens John C , Kofidis Theo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) struggles with effective caval isolation and cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We aimed to develop a novel MICS venous cannula, eliminating external manipulations. The goal of this study is to thoroughly evaluate both the safety and the efficacy of a newly developed venous cannula.

METHODS
The study presents the Aulus venous cannula for MICS, designed with internal balloons to block caval blood flow. Preclinical bench tests with a cardiac biosimulator and large animal studies per ISO10993-2016, evaluated performance and safety.

RESULTS
The heparin-coated Aulus cannula had a post-sterilization comparable density of ∼0.200 μg/cm2. In ex vivo tests, using porcine heart models, the cannula enabled full caval occlusion, with endoscopic views confirming precise positioning. The pressure drop remained below the haemolytic threshold of 100 mmHg, indicated lower values compared to BioMedicus. A non-Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) large animal study included eight ovine models, divided into short- and long-term follow-up groups. Clinical pathology values were consistent CPB procedures, and histopathology indicated favourable tolerance despite short-term vessel injuries and long-term stenosis with fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS
The Aulus cannula showed effective anticoagulant activity, strong integrity, and good tolerance in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its clinical potential.
Using Trade Provisions to Make Environmental Agreements More Dynamic
Authors: Morin Jean-Frédéric , Laurens Noémie , Brandi Clara , Schwab Jakob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the impact of trade provisions on treaty dynamism. It differentiates between static treaties, which remain unaltered, and dynamic treaties, which generate new commitments, either by bringing about additional rules or attracting new parties. We argue that incorporating trade provisions into multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) enhances their dynamism. Such provisions can empower interest groups to advocate for new international commitments and can prompt businesses in non-party states to pressure their governments to join the MEA. Analyzing a dataset of 647 MEAs, we find that provisions that restrict trade flows are associated with higher numbers of amendments and accessions. This insight is crucial for resolving the so-called “ambition/participation dilemma” and designing more adaptable treaties, particularly at a time when there is increasing enthusiasm for using trade measures to set up international climate clubs.
Small bowel diverticulum causing primary enterolithiasis: a rare diagnosis with definitive surgical intervention
Authors: Guan Angel , Vignaroli Kendall , Perez Kevin , Kim So Un , Cremat Danielle , Malkoc Aldin , Lam Jasmine , Van Nguyen Ngoc Patrick 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Primary enterolithiasis is characterized by the formation of stones within the small bowel. The prevalence is estimated to be ~0.3% to 10% in selected populations. Due to its rarity, diagnosis is often delayed. We present the case of a 77 year old male who presented with small bowel obstruction, which was initially thought to be due to intussusception seen on abdominal computed tomography scan. He underwent two diagnostic laparoscopies within 1 month because his small bowel obstruction did not resolve with the initial surgery. The primary enterolith was not discovered until the second surgery where a 5 cm primary enterolith was seen in the small bowel causing early mucosal necrosis. The stone was removed, and the enterotomy was closed. After the enterolith was removed, the patient’s upper gastrointestinal symptoms completely resolved.
Paracoccidioidomycosis-related hospitalization and mortality rates in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: A study using socioeconomic, demographic, and climatic predictors
Authors: Spinelli Isabela , de Macedo Leandro Roberto , Ferreira Gabriella Freitas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is endemic in impoverished communities in Latin America. This study aimed to understand the impact of sociodemographic, economic, and climatic factors on the number of hospitalizations and deaths due to PCM in São Paulo (SP) state, Brazil. Data on 645 municipalities were collected from government databases between 2006 and 2020. The Spearman’s correlations between sociodemographic variables (population density, Municipal Human Development Index, and number of public health facilities in the municipality) and PCM rates showed the strongest negative correlation coefficients among the other variables. Multiple regression models reinforced the influence of sociodemographic and climatic factors on PCM reports.
2D light distributions of dwarf galaxies – key tests of the implementation of physical processes in simulations
Authors: Watkins A E , Martin G , Kaviraj S , Collins C , Dubois Y , Kraljic K , Pichon C , Yi S K 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Cosmological simulations provide much of the theoretical framework within which we interpret extragalactic observations. However, even if a given simulation reproduces the integrated properties of galaxies well, it may not reproduce the detailed structures of individual galaxies. Comparisons between the 2D light distributions of simulated and observed galaxies – particularly in the dwarf regime, where key processes like tidal perturbations and baryonic feedback most strongly influence galaxy structure – thus provide an additional valuable test of the simulation’s efficacy. We compare scaling relations derived from mock observations of simulated galaxies, drawn from the two largest haloes in the high-resolution NewHorizon cosmological simulation, with galaxies in the Fornax Cluster. While Fornax is significantly more massive than either group, it is the lowest mass cluster in the local Universe and contains a well-studied population of spatially resolved dwarfs, hence serves as a useful benchmark. Per unit stellar mass, NewHorizon dwarfs are systematically larger in half-light radius, much fainter in surface brightness, and bluer in colour than their Fornax counterparts, albeit with similar light profile shapes. We discuss potential reasons for these discrepancies, including environmental effects, baryonic feedback, resolution, or couplings of these factors. As observations of dwarfs outside of the local Universe become more plentiful through ongoing or upcoming surveys such as Euclid and Legacy Survey of Space and Time, 2D comparisons such as these, where properties are measured in the same way across both simulations and observations, can place strong constraints on processes that alter the spatial distribution of baryons in galaxies.
An Inversion Polymorphism Under Balancing Selection, Involving Giant Mobile Elements, in an Invasive Fungal Pathogen
Authors: Hartmann Fanny E , Rodríguez de la Vega Ricardo C , Demené Arthur , Badet Thomas , Vernadet Jean-Philippe , Rougemont Quentin , Labat Amandine , Snirc Alodie , Stauber Lea , Croll Daniel , Prospero Simone , Dutech Cyril , Giraud Tatiana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recombination suppression can evolve in sex or mating-type chromosomes, or in autosomal supergenes, with different haplotypes being maintained by balancing selection. In the invasive chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, a genomic region was suggested to lack recombination and to be partially physically linked to the mating-type (MAT) locus based on segregation analyses. Using hundreds of available C. parasitica genomes and generating new high-quality genome assemblies, we show that a ca. 1.2 Mb genomic region proximal to the mating-type locus lacks recombination, with the segregation of two highly differentiated haplotypes in balanced proportions in invasive populations. High-quality genome assemblies further revealed an inversion in one of the haplotypes in the invaded range. The two haplotypes were estimated to have diverged 1.5 million years ago, and each harboured specific genes, some of which likely belonging to Starships. These are large transposable elements, mobilized by tyrosine recombinases, able to move accessory genes, and involved in adaptation in multiple fungi. The MAT-proximal region carried genes upregulated under virus infection or vegetative incompatibility reaction. In the native range, the MAT-proximal region also appeared to have a different evolutionary history than the rest of the genome. In all continents, the MAT-Proximal region was enriched in nonsynonymous substitutions, in gene presence/absence polymorphism, in tyrosine recombinases and in transposable elements. This study thus sheds light on a case of a large nonrecombining region partially linked to a mating compatibility locus, likely maintained by balancing selection on differentiated haplotypes, possibly involved in adaptation in a devastating tree pathogen.
Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs – a Five-Year Follow-up: “I´ve Seen the Needle and the Damage Done”
Authors: Halavaara Mika , Anttila Veli-Jukka , Järvinen Asko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been associated with better short-term outcome. Long-term outcome of PWID with IE is poorly known.

Methods
PWID with IE and non-PWID adults with community-acquired IE who were diagnosed and treated in Southern Finland between 2013-2017 and who survived the initial IE episode were included in this retrospective population-based study. All patients were followed for five years. Data on drug use, receipt of medications for opioid use therapy (MOUD), survival, and subsequent IE episode during follow-up were collected.

Results
Seventy-five PWID with IE and 98 patients with community-acquired IE were included. Buprenorphine and amphetamine (or other stimulant) were the most used substances amongst PWID. Sixteen PWID received MOUD before onset of IE and 33 received MOUD at the time of discharge. Most PWID (86%) received addiction specialist consultation during the hospitalization. Fifteen patients in PWID-IE group experienced a new IE episode in 5-year-follow-up and five patients in non-PWID-IE group (OR 4.65, P=0.003). One-year all-cause mortality in PWID-IE was 4.0% (n=3/75) and in non-PWID-IE 4.1% (n=4/98). Five-year all-cause mortality was 18.7% (n=14/75) in PWID-IE and 13.3% (n=13/98) in non-PWID-IE (P=0.399). In multivariate analysis of whole group, injection drug use (OR 12.2), female gender (OR 2.62) and higher age-adjusted comorbidity index were independent factors associated with death during five-year follow-up.

Conclusion
Long-term survival of PWID with IE is poor and they are at increased risk of a new IE episode compared to non-PWID with community-acquired IE. More efforts in the treatment of addiction are needed.
Rapid assessment of crisis response using a new semi-automatic iterative method—how national research systems address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Baaden Philipp , Hollmann Vanessa , Jovanović Miloš 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The corona pandemic has had a significant impact on society and posed multiple challenges for national research systems to provide guidance to policy makers in the face of the rapidly changing global crisis situation. However, existing methods generally do not allow for an early and reliable assessment of how national research systems have reacted to a global crisis situation. We show how an expert-based, iterative classification scheme enables the analysis of research trends and country-specific differences at an early stage of the corona pandemic. In doing so, we have extended our focus beyond published research to the actions of research and technology organizations. In the European countries surveyed, a largely consistent but differentiated research landscape can be observed, with the focus shifting over time from medical and prevention-related topics to topics related to the social, environmental and economic impact of the crisis. However, there are country-specific differences, especially in research on social and mental issues, virus detection and diagnostics, and pandemic prevention measures. Thus, our approach provides a valuable framework that is applicable beyond COVID-19 and helps both researchers and policy makers to tackle rapidly evolving crises at an early stage. Our study contributes to existing literature by offering a comprehensive framework that goes beyond traditional publication dynamics, providing insights into the rapid response of national research systems during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Electromagnetic exposure level of pure electric vehicle inverter to human body in different seating positions
Authors: Dong XuWei , Ren YuFei , Lu Mai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The market share of pure electric vehicle (PEV) as a green transportation steadily increases as the global demand for renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly mobility continues to increase. However, during PEV operation, the inverter system, as the key power conversion device, generates strong electromagnetic field in the local space. Long-term exposure to such electromagnetic environments may have potential effects on human body. In this study, the electromagnetic environment model of the PEV body, human body and simplified inverter is established. The finite element software, COMSOL Multiphysics, is used to calculate and analyse the variations in the induction field in different tissues of the driver and rear passenger, caused by the electromagnetic field generated by the inverter system operating at maximum power. The electromagnetic exposure level of the driver and rear passenger is assessed. Results show significant differences in the electromagnetic exposure levels of different seating positions in the vehicles. The electromagnetic exposure level in the driver’s body is higher than that of the rear passenger, but it does not exceed the exposure limits defined by the International Commission for Non-ionizing Radiation Protection. This finding effectively complements the study on evaluating the safety of the electromagnetic environment of PEV and improves public awareness.