bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of unknown shear force in transverse dynamic force microscopy from measured final data
Authors: Baysal Onur , Hasanov Alemdar , Kumarasamy Sakthivel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new methodology, based on the inverse problem approach, for the determination of an unknown shear force acting on the inaccessible tip of the microcantilever, which is a key component of transverse dynamic force microscopy (TDFM). The mathematical modelling of this phenomenon leads to the inverse problem of determining the shear force

g
⁢

(
t
)

{g(t)}

acting on the inaccessible boundary

x
=
ℓ

{x=\ell}

in a system governed by the variable coefficient Euler–Bernoulli equation

ρ
A

⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

t
⁢
t

+

μ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u
t

+

(

r
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x

+

κ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x
⁢
t

)

x
⁢
x

=
0

,

(
x
,
t
)

∈

(
0
,
ℓ
)

×

(
0
,
T
)

,

\rho_{A}(x)u_{tt}+\mu(x)u_{t}+(r(x)u_{xx}+\kappa(x)u_{xxt})_{xx}=0,\quad(x,t)%
\in(0,\ell)\times(0,T),

subject to the homogeneous initial conditions and the boundary conditions

u
⁢

(
0
,
t
)

=

u
0

⁢

(
t
)

,

u
x

⁢

(
0
,
t
)

=
0

,

(

u

x
⁢
x

⁢

(
x
,
t
)

+

κ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x
⁢
t

)

x
=
ℓ

=
0

,

(

-

(

r
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x

+

κ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x
⁢
t

)

x

)

x
=
ℓ

=

g
⁢

(
t
)

,

u(0,t)=u_{0}(t),\quad u_{x}(0,t)=0,\quad(u_{xx}(x,t)+\kappa(x)u_{xxt})_{x=\ell%
}=0,\quad\bigl{(}-(r(x)u_{xx}+\kappa(x)u_{xxt})_{x}\bigr{)}_{x=\ell}=g(t),

from the final time measured output (displacement)

u
T

⁢

(
x
)

:=

u
⁢

(
x
,
T
)

{u_{T}(x):=u(x,T)}

. We introduce the input-output map

(

Φ
⁢
g

)

⁢

(
x
)

:=

u
⁢

(
x
,
T
;
g
)

{(\Phi g)(x):=u(x,T;g)}

,

g
∈
𝒢

{g\in\mathcal{G}}

, and prove that it is a compact and Lipschitz continuous linear operator. Then we introduce the Tikhonov functional

J
⁢

(
F
)

=

1
2

⁢

∥

Φ
⁢
g

-

u
T

∥

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
ℓ
)

2

J(F)=\frac{1}{2}\lVert\Phi g-u_{T}\rVert_{L^{2}(0,\ell)}^{2}

and prove the existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse problem. We derive a gradient formula for the Fréchet gradient of the Tikhonov functional through the corresponding adjoint problem solution and prove that it is a Lipschitz continuous functional. The results of the numerical experiments clearly illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Transcendental entire solutions of several complex product-type nonlinear partial differential equations in ℂ2
Authors: Xu Yi Hui , Li Yan Fang , Liu Xiao Lan , Xu Hong Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our purpose in this article is to describe the solutions of several product-type nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs)

(

a

1

u
+

b

1

u

z

1

+

c

1

u

z

2

)

(

a

2

u
+

b

2

u

z

1

+

c

2

u

z

2

)

=
1
,

\left({a}_{1}u+{b}_{1}{u}_{{z}_{1}}+{c}_{1}{u}_{{z}_{2}})\left({a}_{2}u+{b}_{2}{u}_{{z}_{1}}+{c}_{2}{u}_{{z}_{2}})=1,

and

(

a

1

u
+

b

1

u

z

1

+

c

1

u

z

2

)

(

a

2

u
+

b

2

u

z

1

+

c

2

u

z

2

)

=

e

g

,

\left({a}_{1}u+{b}_{1}{u}_{{z}_{1}}+{c}_{1}{u}_{{z}_{2}})\left({a}_{2}u+{b}_{2}{u}_{{z}_{1}}+{c}_{2}{u}_{{z}_{2}})={e}^{g},

where

g

(

z

)

g\left(z)

is a nonconstant polynomial and

a

j

,

b

j

{a}_{j},{b}_{j}

, and

c

j

(

j
=
1
,
2

)

{c}_{j}\left(j=1,2)

are constants in

C

{\mathbb{C}}

. The finite-order transcendental entire solution

u

u

of the first equation is of the following forms:

u

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

=
±

1

a

1

a

2

+

η

0

e

1

D

[

(

a

2

c

1

−

a

1

c

2

)

z

1

+

(

a

1

b

2

−

a

2

b

1

)

z

2

]

,

u\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})=\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{{a}_{1}{a}_{2}}}+{\eta }_{0}{e}^{\tfrac{1}{D}{[}\left({a}_{2}{c}_{1}-{a}_{1}{c}_{2}){z}_{1}+\left({a}_{1}{b}_{2}-{a}_{2}{b}_{1}){z}_{2}]},

or

u

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

=

1

2

a

1

e

Q

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

+

1

2

a

2

e

−
Q

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

+

η

0

e

1

D

[

(

a

2

c

1

−

a

1

c

2

)

z

1

+

(

a

1

b

2

−

a

2

b

1

)

z

2

]

,

u\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})=\frac{1}{2{a}_{1}}{e}^{Q\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})}+\frac{1}{2{a}_{2}}{e}^{-Q\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})}+{\eta }_{0}{e}^{\tfrac{1}{D}{[}\left({a}_{2}{c}_{1}-{a}_{1}{c}_{2}){z}_{1}+\left({a}_{1}{b}_{2}-{a}_{2}{b}_{1}){z}_{2}]},

where

D
=

b

1

c

2

−

b

2

c

1

D={b}_{1}{c}_{2}-{b}_{2}{c}_{1}

,

η

0

∈
C
−

{

0

}

{\eta }_{0}\in {\mathbb{C}}-\left\{0\right\}

, and

Q

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

=
−

1

D

[

(

a

1

c

2

+

a

2

c

1

)

z

1

−

(

a

1

b

2

+

a

2

b

1

)

z

2

]

+

η

1

,

η

1

∈
C
.

Q\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})=-\frac{1}{D}\left[\left({a}_{1}{c}_{2}+{a}_{2}{c}_{1}){z}_{1}-\left({a}_{1}{b}_{2}+{a}_{2}{b}_{1}){z}_{2}]+{\eta }_{1},\hspace{1em}{\eta }_{1}\in {\mathbb{C}}.

The description of the forms of the solutions for these PDEs demonstrates that our results are some improvements of the previous results given by Liu, Cao, and Xu [L. Xu and T. B. Cao, Solutions of complex Fermat-type partial difference and differential-difference equations, Mediterr. J. Math. 15 (2018), 227], and [K. Liu and T. B. Cao, Entire solutions of Fermat type difference differential equations, Electron. J. Diff. Equ. 2013 (2013), No. 59, 1–10.]. Meantime, we list some examples to explain that the forms of solutions of our theorems are precise to some extent.
Latin verbal morphology and the diachronic development of its thematic and athematic constructions
Authors: Calabrese Andrea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the verbal morphology of Latin in terms of the theoretical framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). In addition to providing a synchronic analysis of the verbal system of Latin, this paper discusses the development of the thematic vowel system and of athematic perfect forms in this language from their reconstructed Proto-Indo-European (PIE) antecedents and demonstrates the role of morpho-syntactic structure in constraining the historic analyses, and specifically the role that morpho-syntactic locality played in this historical development. It will be shown that despite radical changes in the exponence, the morpho-syntax and the semantics, of the verbal forms, the (local) structural relation between roots as the repositories of idiosyncratic morphological information and aspectual morphemes displaying special (irregular) exponents was consistently preserved across the millennia.
A perspective on data-driven screening and discovery of polymer membranes for gas separation, from the molecular structure to the industrial performance
Authors: Ricci Eleonora , De Angelis Maria Grazia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the portfolio of technologies available for net zero-enabling solutions, such as carbon capture and low-carbon production of hydrogen, membrane-based gas separation is a sustainable alternative to energy-intensive processes, such as solvent-based absorption or cryogenic distillation. Detailed knowledge of membrane materials performance in wide operative ranges is a necessary prerequisite for the design of efficient membrane processes. With the increasing popularization of data-driven methods in natural sciences and engineering, the investigation of their potential to support materials and process design for gas separation with membranes has received increasing attention, as it can help compact the lab-to-market cycle. In this work we review several machine learning (ML) strategies for the estimation of the gas separation performance of polymer membranes. New hybrid modelling strategies, in which ML complements physics-based models and simulation methods, are also discussed. Such strategies can enable the fast screening of large databases of existing materials for a specific separation, as well as assist in de-novo materials design. We conclude by highlighting the challenges and future directions envisioned for the ML-assisted design and optimization of membrane materials and processes for traditional, as well as new, membrane separations.
Prediction of LDL in hypertriglyceridemic subjects using an innovative ensemble machine learning technique
Authors: Demirci Ferhat , Emec Murat , Gursoy Doruk Ozlem , Ormen Murat , Akan Pınar , Hilal Ozcanhan Mehmet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Determining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a costly and time-consuming operation, but triglyceride value above 400 (TG>400) always requires LDL measurement. Obtaining a fast LDL forecast by accurate prediction can be valuable to experts. However, if a high error margin exists, LDL prediction can be critical and unusable. Our objective is LDL value and level prediction with an error less than low total acceptable error rate (% TEa).

Methods
Our present work used 6392 lab records to predict the patient LDL value using state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence methods. The designed model, p-LDL-M, predicts LDL value and class with an overall average test score of 98.70 %, using custom, hyper-parameter-tuned Ensemble Machine Learning algorithm.

Results
The results show that using our innovative p-LDL-M is advisable for subjects with critical TG>400. Analysis proved that our model is positively affected by the Hopkins and Friedewald equations normally used for (TG≤400). The conclusion follows that the test score performance of p-LDL-M using only (TG>400) is 7.72 % inferior to the same p-LDL-M, using Hopkins and Friedewald supported data. In addition, the test score performance of the NIH-Equ-2 for (TG>400) is much inferior to p-LDL-M prediction results.

Conclusions
In conclusion, obtaining an accurate and fast LDL value and level forecast for people with (TG>400) using our innovative p-LDL-M is highly recommendable.
Unternehmen werden durch dasselbe EU-Recht in den Mitgliedstaaten sehr unterschiedlich belastet – hier am Beispiel des Transparenzregisters
Authors: Kirchdörfer Rainer , Meister-Scheufelen Gisela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing, the European Union has issued the so-called Anti-Money Laundering Directive, on the basis of which a transparency register has been set up in every EU member state. This register is identifying the beneficial owners of legal entities. This article is looking into the costs and bureaucratic burdens associated with registration for company requirements in France, Italy, Austria and Germany and the reasons for the sometimes considerable differences.
New-onset primary adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy associated with a unilateral adrenal infarction: a case report
Authors: Menon Lakshmi , Edem Dinesh , Maradana Jhansi , Sharma Pranjali , Tamhane Shrikant 
Published: November 2023

Summary
New-onset primary adrenal insufficiency is rare in pregnancy. The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness may be attributed to the pregnancy itself, which can lead to a delay in the diagnosis. The presence of hypotension, hypoglycemia or hyperkalemia should raise the suspicion for adrenal insufficiency. We report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with tachycardia, left flank pain and vomiting at 36 weeks’ gestation. She was found to have primary adrenal insufficiency and started on hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone with resolution of the vomiting and tachycardia. MRI of the abdomen revealed an acute nonhemorrhagic infarct of the left adrenal gland. The contralateral adrenal gland was normal. Autoimmune and infectious etiologies of primary adrenal insufficiency were ruled out and the adrenal insufficiency was attributed to the unilateral adrenal infarction. Adrenal insufficiency persisted after delivery and then resolved at approximately 16 months post partum. This case highlights the need to test women with unilateral adrenal infarction in pregnancy for the presence of primary adrenal insufficiency.

Learning points

Adrenal insufficiency should be considered when a pregnant woman develops nausea, vomiting and dizziness in association with hypotension or hypoglycemia. Hypovolemic hyponatremia related to vomiting can occur in pregnancy, but the failure to correct hyponatremia despite adequate IV hydration should raise the suspicion for adrenal insufficiency.

Adrenal infarction should be in the differential diagnosis for unilateral flank pain in pregnancy. Other common etiologies for flank pain in pregnancy include nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis and acute cholecystitis.

Unilateral adrenal infarction in pregnancy can lead to the development of primary adrenal insufficiency. Following delivery, these patients need to be monitored for the resolution of the adrenal insufficiency.
Statistical Analysis of COD and BOD Removal from Dairy Waste Water
Authors: Mishra Suman , Bindhani Santosh Kumar , Jena Haramohan 
Published: November 2023

One of most water polluted industry is Dairy industry. It produces various milk products like milk powder, butter milk, curd, cheese, pasteurized milk etc. More amount of fresh water is used for different purposes i.e., cooling/heating, sanitary, processing, utilities and service section during milk processing and production of different milk products. It is observed from a report that for processing 1L of milk, the Dairy industries produce 2.5 to 10L of waste water. Major pollutants found in dairy waste water are Organic components like dissolved sugars, carbohydrates, proteins and fat are found as the major pollutants in the Dairy waste water. Apart from organic compound some inorganic compounds like Sulfur, Phosphorous and Nitrogen are also found. Hence, the dairy wastewater is having large amount of organic matter that can be measured in term of BOD and COD. As it is having pungent odor and is responsible for fly generation, it should be treated properly before disposal. In this present work, the synthetic dairy waste water was prepared and was treated with activated carbon prepared from coconut shell collected from temple side. The activated carbon prepared from Coconut shell CGAC could be able to remove COD and BOD of the used water up to satisfactory level at different bed height and contact time. This paper shows the statistical analysis of COD and BOD using the activated carbon. In the experiment, the standard deviation of maximum removal efficiency of COD and BOD from the dairy wastewater was found as 0.59 and 0.49, respectively.
Heterotopic Ossification in the Abdomen of an Elderly Patient, as an Incidental Finding During Elective Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Bozhinovska-Beaka Gordana , Prgova Veljanova Biljana , Troik Tatjan , Stojanovski Ivica , Kalamaras Patricija , Bozhinovska-Dimova Nadica 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a rare diverse pathologic process, with broad spectrum. Case report. This is a case report of a 73 years old patient who had ventral hernia at the medial line on the anterior abdominal wall, and underwent a routine surgery. During the surgery an incidental finding of HO was discovered. Discussion. HO is well documented to occur at increased frequency with certain predisposing conditions, including orthopedic surgery, most commonly hip arthroplasty. Non-genetic HO can occur nearly anywhere in the body, but is often designated by the tissue type it involves, such as myositis ossificans when involving skeletal muscle, or fasciitis ossificans when involving fascia.
Naujojo konstruktyvizmo erdvė: nauja konstruktyvizmo teorija, ar seniai pamirštų klasikinio konstruktyvizmo prieigų rinkinys?elations theory. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2022.
Authors: Pilitauskas Ovidijus 
Published: November 2023

McCourt, David M. The New Constructivism in International Relations Theory. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2022
The musical heritage of Sárospatak in the 17th–18th centuries
Authors: Kelemen Judit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOriginally a small market town in Northern Hungary, Sárospatak (Patak) deserves attention for more than just the role it played in a series of historical events that were to define the future of this country throughout the 17th–18th centuries. The cultural, educational and musical legacy of the period is also outstanding, and the functioning of the Patak College (Pataki Kollégium), which soon gained considerable prestige, played a key part in this. The aim of this paper is to present the musical aspects of this most valuable set of interconnected cultural assets.
The voice of the child and the implementation of the child's right to be heard in parental responsibility matters and cases
Authors: Szeibert Orsolya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe article deals with a very up-to-date issue, the ‘voice of the child’, i.e. the implementation of the child's right to be heard in parental responsibility matters and cases. My aim is to find an answer to the question of how the Hungarian codification, judiciary and academic legal literature have changed over the last decade and how they have adapted to the modern child-focused standards. The significance of the topic emerges from the fact that both the exercise and the rendering of parental responsibilities is somehow problematic in many families and this difficulty is burdened by the requirements of child-friendly justice. The issues dealt with in this paper concern the significance of the child's right to be heard, the necessity of the child's hearing, the connection between the child's protection and child's hearing, the difficulty of determination whether the child is capable of forming his or her own views, the direct and indirect hearing of the child and the difference between the child's hearing and the child's voice.
The value of formally undefined norms in the national legislation approximation to EU labour standards: The case of Ukraine
Authors: Rym Olena , Kosovych Vitaliy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to show the importance of a correct understanding of formally undefined EU labour law norms for the successful European integration of Ukraine. The analysis focuses on legal acts of the European Union. The drawbacks of the inequality of approaches to determining the content of norms with evaluative concepts are highlighted, as is the need to use doctrinal recommendations for the application of evaluative provisions with the purpose of preventing the misconception that evaluative concepts can be interpreted as, and to whom, it pleases. This article thus demonstrates the necessity of the analysis of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU, which is rich in the interpretation of evaluative concepts and is considered to help clarify the meaning of many terms of labour law, which, due to their undefined formulation, may cause difficulties in implementing them in the legal system of Ukraine.
Altered stakes: Identifying gaps in the informed consent process for psychedelic-assisted therapy trials
Authors: Harrison Tahlia R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsPsychedelic-assisted therapy (P-AT) has been shown to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms, and is likely to be approved in the United States (US) in the coming years. However, concerns about participant safety in these early trials have surfaced, including allegations of sexual misconduct. This paper aims to illuminate how potential risks have been communicated to P-AT participants via informed consent documents and to suggest how existing policy might be modified given the unique risks involved in P-AT trials.MethodsPublicly available informed consent forms (ICFs) were gathered by searching clinicaltrials.gov. Queries were applied to filter trials involving the use of a classical psychedelic (psilocybin, LSD) or psychedelic-adjacent substance (MDMA, ketamine) in tandem with psychotherapeutic intervention and those with a status of “completed,” “recruiting,” or “active.”ResultsNineteen ICFs met inclusion criteria and were reviewed to determine what risks, benefits, and safety protocols were communicated to participants in their respective trials. The primary finding from this review of ICFs from P-AT trials revealed that studies were in compliance with federal regulation. However, there were missing elements related to the vulnerability experienced while under the effects of psychedelics that warrant inclusion in future ICFs in P-AT trials.ConclusionAlthough the ICFs for P-AT trials examined in this study covered several important areas related to risk, benefits, safety, and accountability as required by federal regulations in the US, future research should consider ways to expand this content in order to assure that consent is truly informed prior to enrolling subjects.
Necrotizing fasciitis: sebuah tinjauan pustaka
Authors: Mahariski Pande Agung , Karna Ni Luh Putu Ratih Vibriyanti , Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Aditya Permana  , Nukana Ratih Purnamasari , Pande Tiara Maharani  
Published: November 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infection of the skin to subcutaneous tissue characterized by necrosis of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous tissue. The typical clinical signs and symptoms of NF begin with pain, followed by an inflammatory response. Necrotizing fasciitis is generally caused by infection with immune disorders, old age, peripheral vascular disease, and obesity have been reported to be associated with the incidence of NF. Cases of NF have symptoms similar to those of cellulitis or abscesses. Surgery is currently the gold standard of therapy if NF is suspected or diagnosed. Surgical exploration and debridement of the affected tissue should be performed immediately. Improving knowledge of NF and immediate treatment are needed due to serious, life-threatening infections with a mortality rate exceeding 30%.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) infeksi pada kulit hingga jaringan dibawah kulit dengan karakteristik adanya nekrosis pada fasia otot dan jaringan subkutan. Gejala dan tanda klinis khas dari NF diawali dengan nyeri kemudian diikuti respons inflamasi. Necrotizing fasciitis umumnya disebabkan oleh adanya infeksi dengan gangguan kekebalan, usia tua, penyakit pembuluh darah perifer, dan obesitas telah dilaporkan berkaitan dengan kejadian NF. Kasus-kasus NF memiliki gejala yang mirip dengan selulitis atau abses. Saat ini pembedahan merupakan terapi gold standard ketika dicurigai atau didiagnosis dengan NF. Pada Eksplorasi bedah dan debridemen jaringan yang terkena harus segera dilakukan. Diperlukan peningkatan pemahaman NF dan penanganan segera karena NF merupakan infeksi serius yang mengancam jiwa dengan angka kematian melebihi 30%.
Diagnosis dan tatalaksana massa di mediastinum anterior
Authors: Damayanti Ni Made Ayu , Dini Merlynda Ayu Rara 
Published: November 2023

The mediastinum is an anatomical space between the lungs that houses the thymus, heart, great vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and parts of the esophagus and trachea. One of the biggest problems of the mediastinal cavity is mediastinal tumors. Mediastinal tumors have a wide variety of clinical conditions. Difficulties in diagnosing masses in the anterior mediastinal caused by non-specific symptoms and various etiologies can make it difficult to determine the best management for patients. Some masses in the anterior mediastinum that need to be known are thymoma, lipoma, lymphangioma, carcinoma and adenoma. This article aims to describe the various etiologies of masses in the anterior mediastinum along with the management that can be done so that clinicians can provide better treatment.

Mediastinum merupakan sebuah ruang anatomi antara paru-paru yang menampung timus, jantung, pembuluh darah besar, kelenjar getah bening, saraf, dan bagian kerongkongan dan trakea. Salah satu masalah terbesar dari rongga mediastinum yaitu tumor mediastinum. Tumor mediastinum memiliki keragaman yang luas dari kondisi klinis penyakit. Kesulitan dalam mendiagnosis massa pada mediastinal anterior disebabkan oleh gejala yang tidak spesifik dan etiologi yang beragam dapat menjadi penyulit dalam menentukan tatalaksana terbaik bagi pasien. Beberapa massa di mediastinum anterior yang perlu diketahui ialah timoma, lipoma, limfangioma karsinoma dan adenoma. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan berbagai etiologi dari massa di mediastinum anterior disertai tatalaksana yang dapat dilakukan sehingga klinisi dapat memberikan penanganan yang lebih baik.