bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reality and standards for fire evacuation routes in buildings – case study
Authors: Balić Lamija , El Sayed Ahmed , Džidić Sanin , Novalić Adnan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Any building, at any time could experience a fire. Because of that, occupants need a fire evacuation path that is designed according to the design standards as they are unable to be entirely prepared for fire emergency scenarios. However, the majority of these standards were developed using empirical judgments. The aim of the paper is to determine whether the fire escape exit route design takes into account the demands and behaviour of building occupants or if it only considers the recommendations and regulations already in place. One university building has been chosen for qualitative research, and as a result, students and teachers are the primary target population. The following factors are taken into consideration throughout the research: the number of students and professors, the movement speed of building occupants and persons with special needs, the plan, the number of floors, the width and length of corridors, the location and type of stairways, as well as type, position and geometry of doors. The findings of this case study indicated that younger occupants can safely exit the building, however older occupants and students with disabilities, as well as teaching personnel need more time for evacuation across the same evacuation paths in fire situation. In this regard, the findings of this research paper offer conclusions that might be useful in design and organization of such and similar buildings and environments.
First-principles study of stability and electronic structural properties of Ag/Au/M (Cu, Ni) interface
Authors: Hu Jie-Qiong , Ma Chao , Xie Ming , Fang Ji-Heng , Chen Yong-Tai , Yang You-Cai , Zhang Qiao , Bi Ya-Nan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the interface energy, work of adhesion, and electronic structural properties at the Ag/Au/M(Cu,Ni) interface, employing the first-principles method based on density functional theory. First, the structures of various binary and ternary interfaces were optimized. Subsequently, the total density of states (TDOS), partial density of states (PDOS), charge distribution, and bonding characteristics of these interfaces were investigated. Additionally, the interface energy and work of adhesion of these interfaces were calculated. The results indicated that the Ag/Au/Ni interface exhibited higher stability and bonding strength compared to the Ag/Au/Cu interface. The contribution of the PDOS of atoms at the Ag/Au/M(Cu,Ni) interface to the TDOS can be primarily attributed to d-orbital electrons, while s- and p-orbit electrons had minimal influence on PDOS.Notably, d-d orbital hybridization emerged between the d-orbit electrons in Cu and Ni atoms and those in Ag and Au atoms, enhancing structural stability. Two distinct peaks in the TDOS of Ag/Ni, Au/Ni, and Ag/Au/Ni interfaces appeared near the Fermi level, corresponding to d-d orbital hybridization involving Ni, Ag, and Au atoms. At the Ag/Au/Cu and Ag/Au/Ni interfaces, resonance peaks corresponding to the s and p orbits of Ag and the s and p orbits of Au, as well as the d orbits of Ag and Au, indicated the presence of a relatively strong metallic bond between Ag and Au atoms. Furthermore, the Ag/Ni and Au/Ni systems exhibited greater average electron transfer compared to the Ag/Cu and Au/Cu systems. Moreover, atomic bond lengths at the Ag/Au/Ni interface were significantly less than those at the Ag/Au/Cu interface, indicating higher stability of the Ag/Au/Ni interface compared to the Ag/Au/Cu interface.
The Hinge of History Hypothesis: Reply to MacAskill
Authors: Mogensen Andreas L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Some believe that the current era is uniquely important with respect to how well the rest of human history goes. Following Parfit, call this the Hinge of History Hypothesis. Recently, MacAskill has argued that our era is actually very unlikely to be especially influential in the way asserted by the Hinge of History Hypothesis. I respond to MacAskill, pointing to important unresolved ambiguities in his proposed definition of what it means for a time to be influential and criticizing the two arguments used to cast doubt on the claim that the current era is a uniquely important moment in human history.
A Sketch Framework for Fast, Accurate and Fine-Grained Analysis of Application Traffic
Authors: Hou Changsheng , Jia Chunbo , Hou Bingnan , Zhou Tongqing , Chen Yingwen , Cai Zhiping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, with the continuous increase in internet traffic, the demand for real-time and high-speed traffic analysis has grown significantly. However, existing traffic analysis technologies are either limited by specific applications or data, unable to expand for widespread implementation, or in offline mode are unable to keep up with dynamic adjustments required in certain network management scenarios. A promising approach is to utilize sketch technology to enhance real-time traffic analysis. Unfortunately, existing technologies suffer from defects, such as overly coarse-grained statistics that cannot perform precise application-level traffic analysis, and irreversibility, which cannot support real-time queries in a friendly way. To achieve real-time fine-grained application traffic analysis in general scenarios, we propose AppSketch, a real-time network traffic measurement tool. AppSketch adopts a one-pass approach to classify and label the application information of each packet in the network flows. It then hashes the flow, identified with the application tag, into a carefully designed multiple-key sketch, for gathering application-specific statistics. We conducted extensive experiments using a real-world network traffic dataset collected on a university campus. The results showed that AppSketch achieved high accuracy while requiring less update time than other alternatives. Moreover, AppSketch occupies limited memory ($ {\leq }$64KB), making it suitable for online network devices.
Gender representation among speaking and leader roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings
Authors: Galeone Antonella , Bernabei Annalisa , Cleuziou Julie , Menezes Vanessa , Park Samina , Kluin Jolanda , Pompili Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to evaluate gender representation among session leaders and abstract presenters at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings.

METHODS
We did a descriptive study of the gender distribution among session leaders and abstract presenters at 2 European cardio-thoracic international meetings from 2017 to 2022. Data from publicly available programmes were used to generate a list of session leaders and abstract presenters. The primary outcome was to evaluate the proportion of female sessions leaders at the annual meetings. Descriptive analyses were performed including the Cochran-Armitage trend test for linear trend of proportions.

RESULTS
A total of 1025 sessions of 11 annual meetings of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons were examined. A total of 397 (13.2%) out of 3007 total session leaders and 955 (15.2%) out of 6251 abstract presenters were female. From 2017 to 2022, the proportions of both female session leaders and abstract presenters trended significantly [10.4% to 21.9% (P &lt; 0.001) and 13.7% to 18.3% (P &lt; 0.001), respectively]. The EACTS female members and female meeting attendees significantly increased from 2017 to 2022 [11.1% to 15.9% (P &lt; 0.001) and 23.7% to 26.9% (P &lt; 0.001)], respectively. Most of the women attendees at the EACTS and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons meetings who were session leaders and speakers came from Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States.

CONCLUSIONS
Women are under-represented compared to men in leadership and speaking roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings. In the past few years, an encouraging positive trend over time for female leadership roles has been noted; as a result, the proportion of female society members is represented at the annual meetings. However, a substantial gender gap still exists in leading roles of meeting attendees
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERGENERATIONAL AND AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY: APPLICATION OF THE SOCIAL CAPITAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Lee Youjung , McGinley Jacqueline 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In intergenerational programs, people from multiple generations share their talents, build healthy social relationships, and experience improved well-being and social presence and identity (Lee et al., 2021). As a part of age-friendly community initiative in a small city in the Northeast, an intergenerational engagement community project, named “Senior to Senior”, involved a multi-year partnership among community agencies, including the local Office for Aging, a university, a high school, a senior center, and a church. As part of this partnership, a community dance was held in May of 2022, where local high school students and older adults participated in a variety of intergenerational activities. This study explored how the principles of social capital are incorporated into the development of intergenerational and age-friendly communities. Using focus groups with community partners (n=6) and surveys with older adult participants (n=29), the research team sought to describe how community agencies collaborate on the development of intergenerational and age-friendly communities. Carpiano’s framework of social capital (2008) guided the data analysis and the development of following themes: (a) importance of social capital identification; (b) development of social cohesion among multiple generations; (c) assessment of social antecedent for the development of intergenerational and age-friendly community; and, (d) outcomes of the community events on diverse stakeholders. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the contextual factors of each community and the agencies within, while also elucidating the necessity of stakeholder buy-in for the sustainable development of intergenerational and age-friendly communities.
SELF CARE TRAININGS FOR NCD MANAGEMENT IN OLD AGE IN INDIA
Authors: Tyagi Prakash 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With over 100 million older people, India has the second largest elderly population in the world. Older people in many parts of India, especially in the rural settings live in vulnerable conditions with limited facilities and with an overall poor health status. GRAVIS has been working actively in the Thar Desert of India to address older people’s health. It has multi-layered health intervention combining medical services, public health activities and research component. Self-care training is integral part of our work with older people. With help of locally designed contents, GRAVIS team trains older people on healthy ageing. The curriculum includes 10 modules focusing on basics of human body and biology of ageing, Common diseases in old age, prevention of common diseases, management of common diseases and useful information on Government health programmes. Older people in groups of 12-15 attend trainings once in 15 days. To provide service to older people and to take self care education further, GRAVIS also works with a cadre of Village based Health Workers (VHWs). The impact of our self-care training interventions has been quite positive. The trainings are well received within the community. Over 1,500 older people have been trained and over 85% report a significant increase in their knowledge levels. GRAVIS has been able to draw the attention of local health authorities and hopes that the trainings could be scaled up further. Self care and improved health knowledge are critically important for older people to stay healthy, particularly in remote and resource scarce settings.
ACCESS TO PREFERRED POSTACUTE CARE PATHWAYS FOR PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIAS
Authors: Bucy Taylor , McHugh John , Cross Dori 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hospital-to-skilled nursing facility (SNF) transitions are fraught with coordination challenges, motivating selective investments by hospitals to improve transitional care practices with “preferred” (e.g. high-volume) SNF partners. Because these partners have some agency in which patients they admit, it is unclear whether Medicare beneficiaries with social or clinical complexities, such as individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) have equitable access to these preferred SNFs. To answer this question, we use a linear probability choice model to test the differential effect of a SNF’s “preferredness” on patient placement for ADRD vs non-ADRD beneficiaries. We use a 1:1 matched sample of ADRD and non-ADRD fee-for-service beneficiaries (N=76,762) to account for other primary factors affecting placement (i.e. discharging hospital, beneficiaries’ home address). After controlling for SNF characteristics, the estimated effect of a SNF being “preferred” on likelihood of placement was 12.7% lower for patients with ADRD (0.092 vs 0.103 for non-ADRD; p&lt; 0.001). Simulation results suggest that, as a preferred SNF is assumed to have an increasing percentage of a hospital’s discharges, the likelihood of a patient being discharged there grows much faster for non-ADRD patients compared to those with ADRD. Our findings show that ADRD patients may have unequal access to SNFs that are receiving the most investments from hospitals in the form of transitional care improvements. Policymakers should consider systemic investments that benefit all SNF partners, not just the most preferred based on shared discharges, while also weighing the costs of dispersing these investments too broadly.
RECRUITING THE MINORITIZED: AFRICAN AMERICAN BEREAVED DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: Frazier Robbin , Millenbah Ashley , Fairbanks Sheryl , Wolfe Warren , Baker Zachary 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Central to this project was recruiting and learning from African American people, who are underrepresented in Bereaved Dementia Caregiver research. Initially this project was conceptualized with the intent of recruiting a wide range of people of African or Caribbean descent, given the geographic presence of large contingents of African Immigrants in the Twin Cities of Minnesota. In talking to our community partners prior to launch, we elected to restrict participation to those who identified as, or identified as serving, African Americans specifically. Our recruitment strategies were largely informed by deep community engagement built through academic, personal, and non-profit partnerships over several years. We also sought to synergize recruitment efforts for this project with another effort targeting augmentations of dementia friendliness in local African American churches. In discussing recruitment strategies we also sought to hear from those who may not be those traditionally heard from. For instance, to include younger individuals, we recruited contacts through our local Alzheimer’s Association chapter’s Young Champions group. Likewise, because churches are often a major source of African American participant recruitment, we contacted individuals at the Volunteers of America to recruit. Finally, we intentionally broke our recruitment plan into stages (recruiting a handful of individuals at a time) to ensure that participants could nominate those they thought might be most important to hear from within their own communities. This intellectual humility was essential to doing this work properly and maximizing the potential of our results to help African American Bereaved Dementia Caregivers.
STATE VARIATION IN CANNABIS REGULATIONS CONCERNING OLDER AMERICANS
Authors: Martinos Fadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As of 2022, 21 states have fully legalized cannabis, 23 legalize for medical use only, and 6 states prohibit cannabis use entirely. While previous research has associated discrete aspects of state cannabis regulation with individual outcomes, little is known about the administrative rules most relevant to older persons. We previously have observed how the progressive approach to legalization across the United States, which includes flexible regulation on legal access, medical program eligibility and qualifying conditions, potency limits, care giver autonomy and others has corresponded with increased accessibility and use of cannabis among Americans over 65 years old. In this study, we source data on seven distinct state regulations pertaining to older persons and measured each on a scale reflecting permissiveness relevant to access and use. We used individual item measures to construct aggregated scores of state policies and charted changes within and among these seven state policies from 2016 to 2022. This research advances scientific understanding by capturing finite distinctions among state regulatory approaches most likely to impact older persons and offering reliable time-varying measures to be included in multi-level model formulations.
ADVANCE CARE PLANNING IN PRIMARY CARE: ENGAGING ACCOMPANIED OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Wolff Jennifer , Echavarria Diane , Gitlin Laura 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) are among the most profoundly disabling and costly of all health conditions, and persons living with dementia are at heightened risk for high utilization of burdensome and costly end-of-life care. Family caregivers are at the forefront of managing ADRD, however, they are not routinely engaged in primary care discussions about prognosis and the healthcare preferences of the people for whom they care. Advance care planning (ACP) is a longitudinal communication process that supports adults at any age or stage of health in understanding and sharing their personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future medical care. Early initiation of ACP, communication with the primary care team, and the inclusion of associated caregivers is imperative in ADRD care due to progressive and devastating effects on decision-making capacity connected with the disease. SHARE, a multicomponent communication intervention, engaged 273 patient-family caregiver dyads in a randomized-controlled trial collecting baseline and six-month survey data related to experiences in the primary care setting. 145 patient-caregiver dyads assigned to the intervention received an offer for a facilitated advance care planning conversation. This symposium will highlight 6-month outcomes from caregiver-reported surveys. Attendees will gain a perspective on ACP considerations in a cognitively impaired population including ethical considerations and the factors influencing preparedness for medical decision making for involved family caregivers. Additional attention concerning the quality and content of ACP conversations with patient-caregiver dyads and the development of a fidelity tool for usage with audio-recorded ACP conversations will be presented.
THE INFLUENCE OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC FACTORS ON LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS OF CAREGIVER NETWORK
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Svec Joseph , Cone Nicholas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Care networks are defined as the collection of individuals who provide support for older adults with health challenges. Although many older adults receive care from multiple caregivers, with varying intensities of caregiving, little is known about the structure of their care networks and whether or to what extent it changes over time. This study aims to examine the stability of care networks and the predictive effects of static and dynamic factors on patterns of caregiving networks. Using data from the National Health Aging Trends (NHAT) and National Study of Caregiving (NSOC), we examine the static and dynamic intrapersonal structures of care arrangements with regard to systematic continuity across 7 years. We utilize both Latent Profile Analysis and Latent Transition Analysis to identify different types of caregiving arrangements and patterns of transitions over time. Moreover, we use logistic regressions to examine how individual and time-varying factors affect those arrangements and transitions. The results show three groups of caregiving arrangements: 1) intense care with one caregiver, 2) moderate-level care with multiple caregivers, and 3) low-level care with multiple caregivers. Among the groups, moderate-level care with multiple caregivers is the most stable group. Moreover, static factors, such as gender and race, and dynamic factors, such as psychological resilience of care recipients, significantly impacts the probability of transitioning from low-level care to intense care over time. The findings highlight the utility of Latent Transition Analysis in caregiving networks, suggesting that patterns of caregiving outcomes should be understood as process as well as a condition.
THIS IS THE YEAR THAT WAS: THE BEST OF THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Duque Gustavo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Journal of Gerontology Biological Sciences (JGBS) is one of the Gerontological Society of America publications. It publishes articles on the biological aspects of aging in areas such as translational gerontology, biomarkers of aging, biochemistry, biodemography, cellular and molecular biology, and geroscience. Biological insights are also published in studies from invertebrates, vertebrates, and mammalian species, including humans. With an impact factor of 6.59, this journal is one of the leading journals in the field. Overall, and although the journal is highly valued by biomedical researchers worldwide, the authors of our top and most impactful papers do not usually have the opportunity to answer the questions from their peers constructively and interactively. In addition, there is a significant number of biomedical researchers that, although members of the Society, do not submit their best results to the journal. This symposium, chaired by the Editor-in-Chief of the JGBS, will comprise six presentations by the authors of the most influential papers of the year (June 2022 to June 2023). The papers will be selected based on their impact via citations and/or social media. Presenters will be chosen following diversity, equity, and inclusion principles. Various topics going from cells to animal models will be covered while highlighting the translational potential of those discoveries. Ten minutes presentation will be followed by 5 minutes of Q&A with ample opportunity to interact.
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION AND LONELINESS AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN HONG KONG
Authors: Tang Vivien Foong Yee , Chou Kee Lee 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Given that poverty as a risk factor on loneliness is understudied, this study examined the relationship between material deprivation and loneliness of older adults in Hong Kong, the mediation effects of social support and social network, and the moderation effects of social support and social engagement. A two-wave data were collected from 1,696 Chinese older adults between 2015 (T1) and 2017 (T2). All Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above, with 53.9% female. Older adults were asked about their level of loneliness, how material deprived they were, social support, social network, social engagement, demographic information, and self-rated health status. The result indicated that older adults who are more materially deprived reported a significantly higher level of loneliness at T2 when controlling for demographic variables and loneliness at baseline. Furthermore, we found that social support and the number of close children were full mediator. A significant moderator was found in neighbourhood collective efficacy and community participation specifically engagement in cultural activities. Hence, our results suggest the need to strengthen the anti-poverty policy measures for materially deprived, develop interventions focusing on improving social support and social network and enhance existing social engagement programmes that promote community participation and neighbour collective efficacy for older adults in Hong Kong.