bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact lens induced keratitis associated with contact lens wear
Authors: Dejaco‐Ruhswurm Irene , Scholz Ursula , Hanselmayer Georg , Skorpik Christian 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To evaluate clinical characteristics, risk factors, management and outcome of contact lens induced keratitis (CLIK) associated with contact lens wear.Methods: The study comprised all consecutive patients presenting with contact lens related presumed microbial keratitis during a 12‐month period at our department. Detailed demographic data, type of contact lens, duration of lens wear, wearing schedule and lens hygiene were derived from a self‐administered questionnaire. Severity of ulcer, corneal scrapings, treatment and final outcome were evaluated.Results: 27 patients with CLIK, some of which may have been sterile peripheral infiltrates, due to contact lens wear were detected. In the majority of the cases patients had used disposable soft contact lenses (89%) and most of them had a daily wearing schedule (78%). 51.8% patients cleaned their lenses regularly. 6 (22%) applied no disinfection since their lenses were disposable on removal. In 3 of our cases with CLIK, penetrating keratoplasty had to be performed.Conclusion: Disposable contact lenses seem to have been a predisposing factor for contact lens induced keratitis also when used on a daily wear schedule. Insufficient contact lens care products and/or manufacturing characteristics may be responsible for CLIK, which is also observed in otherwise compliant contact lens users. In 3 of our patients with CLIK keratoplasty became necessary, indicating that contact lens induced keratitis may result in severe corneal complications.
The Swedish national survey of surgical excision for submacular choroidal neovascularization (CNV)
Authors: Berglin Lennart , Algvere Peep , Olivestedt Göran , Crafoord Sven , Stenkula Staffan , Hansson Lars‐Jörgen , Tomic Zoran , Kvanta Anders , Seregard Stefan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To compare the visual outcome after surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients younger and older than 50 years of age.Methods: Patient records from all Swedish centers performing submacular CNV surgery were reviewed and 90 patients treated between 1992–1999 with a follow‐up of 6 months or more were included. The results obtained in 49 patients aged 51–89 years (median=72 years) with neovascular disease caused by age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) were compared with the outcome of 41 patients aged 6–49 years (median=36 years) with CNV secondary to non‐AMD causes. The main outcome measure was the improvement or deterioration in visual acuity (standardized in logMAR units) at 6 months following surgery. Secondary endpoints were recurrent CNV and surgical complications.Results: The level of preoperative visual acuity was not significantly different between younger patients with CNV associated with non‐AMD and older patients with visual loss due to AMD (p=0.069). However, visual acuity at 6 months after surgery was better (p=0.0042) in younger patients (median improvement=0.19 logMAR) than in older patients (median improvement=0.0 log MAR). Marked visual improvement (>1 log MAR unit) was seen in 29% of non‐AMD patients <50 years compared to 0% in the AMD group >50 years.Conclusion: Surgical removal of submacular CNV does not appear to improve visual acuity in patients > 50 years of age. However, it may be beneficial for younger patients where a substantial improvement of visual acuity is seen in a subset of these patients. Further studies are required to assess the long‐term outcome.
Spontaneous remodelling of retinal veins accidentally severed during vitreous surgery
Authors: Koizumi Kan , Yasuhara Toru , Yamasaki Toshihide , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Background:  To report the spontaneous remodelling of retinal veins inadvertently severed during vitreous surgery.Methods:  Four diabetic patients who underwent vitrectomy during which retinal veins were damaged were followed for at least 6 months. Haemorrhages from severed veins were controlled by raising intraocular pressure and by endodiathermy of the distal ends of the veins. This was followed by fluid/gas exchange.Results:  Remodelling of venous channels in the damaged areas was observed in all eyes. In three of the four eyes we found evidence of collateral veins. In the other eye we noted the connection of two ends of an interrupted vein. No signs of retinal vein occlusion (e.g. superficial retinal haemorrhages and retinal oedema) were observed.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that a spontaneous remodelling mechanism to repair damaged venous channels may exist in retina.
An evolutionary analysis of the aetiology and pathogenesis of juvenile‐onset myopia
Authors: Cordain Loren , Eaton S. Boyd , Brand Miller Jennie , Lindeberg Staffan , Jensen Clark 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.The available evidence suggests that both genes and environment play a crucial role in the development of juvenile‐onset myopia. When the human visual system is examined from an evolutionary perspective, it becomes apparent that humans, living in the original environmental niche for which our species is genetically adapted (as hunter‐gatherers), are either slightly hypermetropic or emmetropic and rarely develop myopia. Myopia occurs when novel environmental conditions associated with modern civilization are introduced into the hunter‐gatherer lifestyle. The excessive near work of reading is most frequently cited as the main environmental stressor underlying the development of myopia. In this review we point out how a previously unrecognized diet‐related malady (chronic hyperinsulinaemia) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of juvenile‐onset myopia because of its interaction with hormonal regulation of vitreal chamber growth.
Dorzolamide and ocular blood flow in previously untreated glaucoma patients: a controlled double‐masked study
Authors: Bergstrand Ingar C. , Heijl Anders , Harris Alon 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to investigate the haemodynamic effects of topical dorzolamide treatment in eyes with newly detected and previously untreated glaucoma.Methods:  Forty‐seven patients with open angle glaucoma were consecutively randomized to dorzolamide versus placebo TID during a 6‐week double‐masked treatment trial. Ocular blood flow was investigated at baseline and on therapy using colour Doppler imaging of the retrobulbar vessels and scanning laser ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiograms of the retinal circulation.Results:  None of the flow parameters, retrobulbar or retinal, changed significantly on therapy when the results were analysed with the Bonferroni method. Analysis with non‐simultaneous tests also failed to reveal any significant changes either in retrobulbar flow velocities in the central retinal artery, ophthalmic artery or in the short posterior ciliary arteries, or in the retinal parameters (arm‐retina time, arteriovenous passage time, mean dye velocity or macular capillary velocity), while capillary velocities at the optic disc decreased significantly in the dorzolamide group (P = 0.03). Intraocular pressure reduction was significantly more pronounced in the dorzolamide group (P = 0.002), with − 4.8 ± 2.9 mmHg (P < 0.0001) versus−1.8 ± 3.0 mmHg in the placebo group (P = 0.006).Conclusions:  The present study indicated no measurable vascular effects from topical dorzolamide treatment in previously untreated glaucoma eyes.
Treatment of acute neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis: a comparison of fucidic acid to chloramphenicol eye drops
Authors: Normann Erik Kreyberg , Bakken Odd , Peltola Juha , Andréasson Bengt , Buhl Susanne , Sigg Peter , Nielsen Klaus 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To compare the clinical and bacteriological effects of fucidic acid (Fucithalmic®: 1.0%) and chloramphenicol (Minims®: 0.5%) eye drops in neonates with a clinical diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis of suspected bacterial origin.Methods: A total of 456 n ewborns with gestational age > 32 weeks with acute conjunctivitis of suspected bacterial origin acquired within the first 28 days of life were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to a 7‐day treatment with eye drops using either fucidic acid (1.0%) (Fucithalmic®) applied twice per day, or chloramphenicol (0.5%) (Minims® Chloramphenicol) applied six times per day. The subjects were followed up with two visits (on days 1 and 8) and by telephone 2 weeks after the end of treatment.Results:  Eighty‐nine per cent of the neonates treated with Fucithalmic® were cured, compared to 87.9% of those treated with Minims® Chloramphenicol (n.s). The drug was used as instructed in 90.7% of patients treated with Fucithalmic® and in 78.0% of those treated with Minims® Chloramphenicol (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Treating neonatal conjunctivitis with fucidic acid is easier than with chloramphenicol and is equally effective.
Retinal dysfunction and anterior segment deposits in a patient treated with rifabutin
Authors: Ponjavic V. , Gränse L. , Bengtsson Stigmar E. , Andréasson S. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To describe the clinical and electrophysiological findings in a young boy with decreased vision possibly due to retinal damage by rifabutin.Methods:  An 8‐year‐old boy with osteomyelitis was referred due to visual disturbance. During a period of 4 years, the boy was examined six times with electroretinography. Ophthalmological examination included testing of visual acuity, slit‐lamp inspection, fundus inspection, fundus photography and kinetic perimetry. Two electrophysiological methods were performed for objective evaluation of retinal function, namely full‐field electroretinography and multifocal electroretinography.Results:  We found a slightly reduced visual acuity, a slowly increasing amount of yellow‐white deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea and on the anterior part of the lens, a normal fundus appearance, and normal visual fields. However, the electroretinogram was abnormal on several occasions during therapy with rifabutin, but returned to normal 3 months after withdrawal of the medication. The multifocal electroretinogram returned to normal after the full‐field electroretinogram had done so. The anterior chamber deposits still remain.Conclusion:  Long‐term treatment with rifabutin may have a reversible and previously undescribed side‐effect on retinal function. The drug may also accumulate irreversibly on the posterior surface of the cornea and on the anterior surface of the lens. We suggest that objective evaluation of retinal function with electrophysiological methods should be performed in patients with visual disturbance during treatment with rifabutin.
Quality of life assessment in patients with implant‐supported and resin‐bonded fixed prosthesis for bounded edentulous spaces
Authors: Sonoyama Wataru , Kuboki Takuo , Okamoto Soichiro , Suzuki Hidenori , Arakawa Hikaru , Kanyama Manabu , Yatani Hirofumi , Yamashita Atsushi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Objectives: Dental implants have become increasingly popular in the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with bounded edentulous spaces. Oral condition‐related quality of life (QOL) levels have rarely been assessed in these patients. Material and methods: Two groups of subjects with bounded edentulous spaces were studied: an implant‐supported fixed prosthesis group (11 patients) and a resin‐bonded fixed prosthesis group (33 patients). The two groups were well matched in terms of sex, age, missing units and location of missing units. The patients were requested to answer a self‐administered QOL questionnaire with two major subscales − oral condition‐ and general condition‐related QOL scores. The test–retest reliability of each question was pre‐examined and found acceptable (mean Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.55 ± 0.16). Mean QOL score differences between the two groups were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Results: Mean oral condition‐related QOL scores of the implant‐supported and resin‐bonded fixed prosthesis groups were 87.8 ± 9.5 and 87.1 ± 12.3% (P = 0.85), and mean general condition‐related QOL scores were 73.8 ± 14.8 and 71.6 ± 15.2% (P = 0.95), respectively. No significant QOL differences between the two groups were observed in the two subscales. Conclusion: In patients with bounded edentulous spaces, multidimensional QOL levels of patients with an implant‐supported fixed prosthesis do not exceed those of patients with a resin‐bonded fixed prosthesis in a short follow‐up period.
Within‐subject comparisons of maxillary fixed and removable implant prostheses
Authors: Heydecke Guido , Boudrias Pierre , Awad Manal A. , De Albuquerque Rubens F. , Lund James P. , Feine Jocelyne S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Dental implants provide patients with restorative options for the edentulous maxilla. Both fixed and removable prostheses can be attached to the edentulous maxilla, but the efficacy of different designs has not been determined. In this two‐session within‐subject crossover trial we compared maxillary implant retained fixed prostheses with removable implant overdentures opposed by mandibular implant‐supported overdentures. Sixteen patients, who had previously received mandibular implants, entered the study and received four to six maxillary implants. After dropouts as a consequence of a lack of osseointegration and general health problems, 13 remained. Of these, five received the removable prosthesis first and eight the fixed prosthesis. After 2 months, the prostheses were exchanged and the second was also worn for 2 months. Psychometric measurements of general satisfaction with the prostheses as well as comfort, ability to speak, stability, esthetics, ease of cleaning and occlusion were obtained once each prosthesis had been worn for 2 months. Chewing ability was assessed for seven types of food. Removable long‐bar overdentures received significantly higher ratings of general satisfaction than fixed prostheses (P = 0.003). Patients also rated their ability to speak and ease of cleaning significantly better with the removable overdentures. Nine patients chose to keep the removable prosthesis and four preferred to keep the fixed prosthesis. The results suggest that maxillary removable overdentures on multiple implants may provide patients with better function than fixed prostheses.Heydecke G, Boudrias P, Awad MA, de Albuquerque Jr RF, Lund JP, Feine JS. Within subject comparisons of maxillary fixed and removable implant prostheses: Patient satisfaction and choice of prosthesis.
Exposure to tobacco smoking and periodontal health
Authors: Bergström Jan , Eliasson Sören , Dock Jan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The influence of smoking behavior on the periodontal health condition was clinically and radiographically studied in 257 dentally aware adults in the age range 20–69 years, including 50 current smokers, 61 former smokers and 133 non‐smokers.Aims:The clinical variables to be investigated were frequency of diseased sites ≥4 mm, frequency of gingival bleeding sites and plaque index. In addition, the periodontal bone height was radiographically assessed as a % of the dental root length.Methods: All variables were based on full‐mouth examinations including all teeth and periodontia.Results: The observations indicated an inferior periodontal health condition associated with smoking. This was evidenced by a significantly greater frequency of diseased sites and a significantly greater reduction of periodontal bone height in current smokers as compared to non‐smokers. The condition of former smokers was intermediate between current smokers and non‐smokers, suggesting that former smokers who have quit smoking have a better periodontal health condition than current smokers, although worse than that of non‐smokers. The finding that former smokers exhibited less disease than current smokers suggests that smoking cessation may be beneficial and mitigate the untoward effects inflicted by smoking, allowing a normalization towards non‐smoker conditions. Heavy exposure was consistently associated with more severe a condition than light exposure, suggesting that the relationship between smoking exposure and periodontal morbidity is dose‐dependent.Conclusions: Altogether, the present observations identify a negative impact from smoking on periodontal health and provide further evidence that tobacco smoking is an avoidable risk for periodontal disease.
Lack of antimicrobial effect on periodontopathic bacteria by ultrasonic and sonic scalers in vitro
Authors: Schenk Günther , Flemmig Thomas F. , Lob Sibylle , Ruckdeschel Gotthard , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to assess the antimicrobial effects of a sonic and ultrasonic scaler generally used for subgingival scaling on gram‐negative and gram‐positive periodontopathic bacteria.Method: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus, or Peptostreptococcus micros were suspended in Schaedler's broth medium and treated by a sonic or a magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler for 30 s and 150 s in vitro. Bacterial suspensions treated by an ultrasonic cell disruptor served as a positive control and untreated bacterial suspensions served as a negative control. Following sonication, samples were serially diluted, streaked on blood agar plates and incubated for 2–5 days at 37°C.Results: Treatment by the sonic or ultrasonic scaler for up to 150 s did not reduce the viability of any of the tested periodontal pathogens. Compared to untreated controls, the viability of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was significantly (p<0.05) reduced only following ultrasonication with the cell disruptor after 30 s (0.72 and 0.54 log CFU/ml, respectively) and of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, and P. micros after 150 s (1.98, 1.34, 1.95 and 1.98 log CFU/ml, respectively).Conclusion: The data of the study may indicate that the assessed sonic and ultrasonic scaler used for subgingival debridement do not result in killing of the tested periodontal pathogens.
Relationship of the substance P to indicators of host response in human gingival crevicular fluid
Authors: Hanioka Takashi , Takaya Keiko , Matsumori Yukiko , Matsuse Ryoichi , Shizukuishi Satoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgound: The substance P (SP) level in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was studied in relation to clinical periodontal variables and to various indicators of host response in the GCF.Methods: GCF was collected from periodontal sites with gingival inflammation and shallow or moderately deep pocket in 48 subjects. The total amount of SP and the substances based on host response factors in a 30‐s sample were determined by ELISA and enzymatic methods.Results: Significant correlation was found between SP and probing depth (r=0.637, p<0.001), while correlation was weak between SP and either gingival (r=0.177, p=0.23) or plaque index (r=0.008, p=0.96). SP also showed significant correlation with the indicators of host response: prostaglandin E2, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (r=0.434–0.867, p<0.01–0.001).Conclusion: These results indicate that neuropeptide SP in GCF may have a potential as an indicator of periodontal inflammation and the host response.
Healing following GTR treatment of intrabony defects distal to mandibular 2nd molars using resorbable and non‐resorbable barriers
Authors: Karapataki Sofia , Hugoson Anders , Falk Hanne , Laurell Lars , Kugelberg Carl F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAims: The objectives of the present, randomised clinical trial were (i) to evaluate the healing of periodontal intrabony defects at the distal aspect of mandibular 2nd molars using a resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) barrier and a non‐resorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (e‐PTFE) barrier and (ii) to compare the therapeutic effect of the bioresorbable versus the non‐resorbable barrier.Method: 19 patients with intrabony defects distal to mandibular 2nd molars 4 mm (on radiographs) were included in the study. The defects all remained 5 years after surgical removal of impacted 3rd molars. Following flap elevation and defect debridement, the defects were randomly covered with, either a resorbable PLA or a non‐resorbable e‐PTFE barrier. Flaps were repositioned and sutured to completely cover the barriers. Treatment was evaluated clinically after 1 year by measurements of probing depth (PD), probing attachment level (PAL), and probing bone level (PBL) and radiographically by measurements of bone levels on computer digitised images of radiographs taken immediately before and 1 year post‐surgery.Results: Both treatments resulted in significant PD reduction, PAL gain, and bone fill. The total PD reduction was 5.3±l.9 mm for the PLA treated sites and 3.7±l.7 mm for the e‐PTFE treated sites (p<0.05). The corresponding values for PAL gain were 4.7±0.7 mm and 3.6±1.7 mm (p<0.05) and for PBL gain 5.1±1.2 and 3.3±2.0 mm (p<0.05). Radiographic bone fill averaged 3.4±l.2 for the PLA and 2.0±1.6 mm for the e‐PTFE barriers (p<0.05). Radiographic bone level measurements were significantly smaller than the corresponding clinical measurements, indicating that radiographs tend to underestimate bone fill.Conclusions: GTR treatment of deep intrabony defects distal to mandibular second molars using resorbable PLA barriers resulted in significant PD reduction, PAL gain and bone fill at least equivalent to the results obtained using non‐resorbable e‐PTFE barriers.
Plasma lipid and blood glucose levels in patients with destructive periodontal disease
Authors: Lösche Wolfgang , Karapetow Frank , Pohl Andreas , Pohl Carmen , Kocher Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In recent years, some evidence has been presented that periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To further elucidate this association, we have studied standard blood chemistry variables known as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. We have measured levels of plasma lipids and fasting blood glucose in 39 subjects with moderate periodontal disease (age 50–60 years) and compared the results with those obtained in 40 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Both groups were systemically healthy according to their medical history. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in periodontally diseased subjects by about 8% (p<0.03), 13% (p<0.003) and 39% (p<0.001), respectively, when compared to controls. Although subjects with diabetes were excluded from the study, we found significantly higher blood glucose levels in the patient than in the control group (85±25 versus 73±17 mg/dl; p<0.02). There was also a significantly higher frequency of pathological plasma lipid profiles in the patient than in the control group. The results indicate that hyperlipaemia and pre‐diabetes may be associated with periodontal disease in systemically healthy subjects. These data do not allow us to decide, whether periodontal disease causes an increase in hyperlipaemia and in a prediabetic state or whether periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease share hyperlipidaemia and the prediabetic state as common risk factors.