bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophy And The Possibility Of Religious Orthodoxy
Authors: Donagan Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Titles of philosophical lectures, like those of sermons, are apt to mislead. I hope mine has not misled you. I propose to examine whether the kind of position that is referred to as ‘‘orthodoxy’’ in certain religions is compatible with commitment to philosophy as an intellectual enterprise. The question, of course, is an old one. In the form ‘‘Quid Athenae Hierosolymis?’’ it was a weapon with which the Christians of the late Roman Empire attacked philosophy. The boot is on the other leg now. Philosophy, or perhaps I should say what is widely taken to be its legitimate—and better—successor, natural science, is accepted by the vast majority of the educated as the sole legitimate source of respectable intellectual opinion about the origin, nature, and destiny of man; and the old religious orthodoxies, which are correctly perceived to deny that claim, are therefore dismissed as superstitious survivals.
The Scholastic Theory Of Moral Law In The Modern World
Authors: Donagan Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although no more than one religion can be true, it is now generally accepted that there may be honest mistakes about whether a given religion is the true one. Yet neither scholastic philosophers nor most plain men have yet been brought to agree that there may be honest fundamental mistakes about morality. Differences about morality are socially divisive, because many plain men consider that the state ought to enforce morality by legislation, if it can do so without infringing its citizens’ moral rights. I remember that the church in which I was brought up as a child in Australia provoked great hostility by supporting legislation to close all liquor bars, in order to make it difficult to commit the sin of drinking alcohol. Since there are more drinkers than would-be divorcers, that hostility was much greater than that aroused toward the Catholic Church in New York by the opposition of some Catholics to changes in the divorce laws. Such examples remind us that the question I propose to discuss: ‘‘How can what belongs to common morality be distinguished from what belongs to the way of life of a particular religion?’’ is, if nothing else, a timely one.
Teleology And Consistency In Theories Of Morality As Natural Law
Authors: Donagan Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper resembles a carnival monster: a great papier-mache head, in which controversial conclusions about the teleological foundation of the conception of morality as natural law are drawn from confessedly indirect evidence, supported by a ridiculously unimpressive body and legs in which those conclusions are tested by investigating how any theory of natural law can meet the fashionable contemporary charge that it cannot be consistent. Still, however grotesque my monster, its topic is timely.
Alasdair Maclntyre’s After Virtue
Authors: Donagan Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alasdair MacIntyre’s After Virtue has been rightly recognized as a contribution to philosophical ethics of the first importance. It is also of the first importance to members of our society, who are concerned with philosophical ethics not only for its own sake, but also with its implications for the Christian community. Since MacIntyre has followed Keats’s advice to Shelley, to ‘‘load every rift with ore,’’ the simplifications necessary for commenting on it are more than usually likely to result in blunders. It is therefore particularly gracious of him to have consented to preside over our meeting and-I hope-to put right any blunders with which we, the invited speakers, may unintentionally darken counsel. If a religious community Christian or other-goes seriously wrong about philosophical ethics, it is likely to go wrong in matters of religious faith also.
Reduction: Ontological and Linguistic Facets
Authors: Hempel Carl G , Fetzer James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the many issues in the logic and methodology of science to whose clarification Ernest Nagel has contributed by his thorough and illuminating analyses, the subject of theoretical reduction holds a place of special philosophical interest. Reduction affords an important mode of scientific explanation; it raises intriguing questions concerning the relation between the concepts of the reducing and of the reduced theory; it is a procedure that reaches across the boundary lines of scientific disciplines; and its potential scope encompasses all the major branches of empirical science, since problems of reducibility arise in fields as diverse as physics and chemistry, biology, psychology, and the social and historical disciplines. All these aspects lend philosophical interest and importance to the topic of reduction.
On the “Standard Conception” of Scientific Theories
Authors: Hempel Carl G , Fetzer James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Theories, it is generally agreed, are the keys to the scientific understanding of empirical phenomena: to claim that a given kind of phenomenon is scientifically understood is tantamount to saying that science can offer a satisfactory theoretical account of it. Theories are normally constructed only when prior research in a given field has yielded a body of knowledge that includes empirical generalizations or putative laws concerning the phenomena under study. A theory then aims at providing a deeper understanding by construing those phenomena as manifestations of certain underlying processes governed by laws which account for the uniformities previously studied, and which, as a rule, yield corrections and refinements of the putative laws by means of which those uniformities had been previously characterized.
“I Love the Way Janie Crawford Left Her Husbands” Zora Neale Hurston’s Emergent Female Hero
Authors: Washington Mary Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the past few years of teaching Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God,1 I have become increasingly disturbed by this text, particularly by two problematic relationships I see in the novel: women’s rela-tionship to the community and women’s relationship to language. Their Eyes has often been described as a novel about a woman in a folk community, but it might be more accurately described as a novel about a woman outside of the folk community.
The Politics of Fiction, Anthropology, and the Folk Zora Neale Hurston
Authors: Carby Hazel V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The work of Zora Neale Hurston, in particular the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, has been the object of more than a decade of critical attention. But, in addition to the critical consideration of Hurston’s writings, her work has received the level of institutional support necessary for Hurston to enter the American literary mainstream. Two examples of this support would be the special Hurston seminar held at the Modern Language Association annual conference in 1975 and the award of two grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities to Robert Hemenway to write Hurston’s biography.
Coercion
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you want to understand the nature and consequences of coercion, don’t expect much help from a dictionary. A typical definition of the verb coerce is as follows: “tr.v. To force to act or think in a given manner; to compel by pressure or threat.” The emphasis on force satisfies the lawyers, who apparently use the word in no other way. For emotional people, lay or lawyerish, the word coercion has, as the political scientist William Ophuls admits, “a nasty fascist ring to it.” But Ophuls is not satisfied with this condemnation. Some qualification is needed, because (he says) “political coercion in some form is inevitable,” and the act “is an inextricable part of politics, and the problem is how best to tame it and bend it to the common interest.” Yet probably not one person in a hundred has realized that coercion is inescapable.
The Dream of One World
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No discussion of the future of the human population is complete without a careful description and evaluation of the dream of One World. The hope that humanity might someday be united into a single world sovereignty was broached injudeo literature as early as the 5th century B.C. Castigating unholy priests, Malachi (chapter 2, verse 10) asked: “Have we not all one father? Hath not one God created us? ” Malachi undoubtedly meant “all of us”; he hoped to extend the family feeling at least to an entire village, the members of which are apt to be relatives anyway.
Ambivalent Value of Growth
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A short generation after writing his celebrated Essay, Malthus once more tried to get a drowsy world to understand the fantastic potential of exponential growth. In his 1820 textbook of economics he wrote: ... [I]f any person will take the trouble to make the calculation, he will see that if the necessaries of life could be obtained and distributed without limit, and the number of people could be doubled every twenty-five years, the population which might have been produced from a single pair since the Christian era, would have been sufficient, not only to fill the earth quite full of people, so that four should stand in every square yard, but to fill all the planets of our solar system in the same way, and not only them, but all the planets revolving round the stars which are visible to the naked eye, supposing each of them to be a sun, and to have as many planets belonging to it as our sun has.
Making Music at the Piano
Authors: Maris Barbara English 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beginners can make music at the piano and play musically even during the earliest phases of piano study, and this books shows how. Written for beginning adult students of any age, the book enables students to play gratifying music right away while continuing to develop their skills steadily, whether they are studying on their own or with an instructor. Throughout, the book features numerous Concepts to Consider (focusing on conceptual learning) and Activities to Explore (which build on the Concepts and emphasize ways to strengthen the kinesthetic aspects of learning). The author discusses nearly every aspect encountered by the beginner, from appropriate goals and good playing habits to the basics of how people learn and how the piano works. She provides a hands-on explanation of the characteristics of music playing and suggests specific strategies for using practice time effectively and for developing rhythmic security and technical control of sound. For students who to play as well as practice, this book is the ideal guide.
Moving Efficiently at the Piano
Authors: Maris Barbara English 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When I was a little girl, one of my first piano books was John Thompson’s Modern Course for the Piano: Teaching Little Fingers to Play.1 Later I learned that we do not really play the piano with our fingers. Instead, our hands and arms, as extensions of our bodies, deliver our fingers to the keys that function as levers in sending energy to the piano mechanism. The secret to effective piano technique is not in isolating fingers or building muscular strength but in learning how to coordinate and synchronize the parts of the body. Interdependence of muscles enables the stronger ones to help weaker ones. Constant adjustment of the body eliminates rigidity in the muscles and joints.
Looking Ahead
Authors: Maris Barbara English 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of this book, I shared my assumptions that you are capable of working independently but currently are studying with a piano teacher. Although I did not say so in that introductory section, throughout this book I also have assumed that eventually your formal piano classes or lessons will come to closure. Seasons and semesters and centuries do end. Even if you are taking lessons outside a school situation, it will be appropriate periodically to reassess your priorities. If you decide to stop directed piano study, for whatever reasons, your continued participation in musical activities will depend on the habits you have developed—including your ability to work independently.
1972–1973
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Walking around the Theatre District during the 1972–1973 season, one was accosted by symbols of Broadway’s darkest hour. Several theatre marquees advertised shows long closed. Porn movie houses were proliferating beyond 42nd Street and Eighth Avenue, some opening next door to legitimate theatres. Additional policemen on duty at certain time only emphasized New York’s rising crime rate, something that was affecting boxoffice figures. Not visible, but well known, was the dwindling number of new plays, especially off Broadway. More plays were coming from London and regional theatres. Box-office receipts were down, and Playbill was losing so much money it announced that it might have to start charging for its theatre programs.
1985–1986
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the new Marquis Theatre, which opened this season in the high-rise Marriott Marquis Hotel, replacing the beloved Helen Hayes, Bijou, and Morosco theatres, Broadway was shrinking. In August, three Broadway theatres (the Neil Simon, Ambassador, and Virginia) were declared designated landmarks, and it seemed that the threat of similarly destructive ventures had passed.
1988–1989
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With only eleven new plays (three of them British), six musicals, and seven specialty items, the Broadway total of twenty-four productions hit a new low. Off Broadway, a total of thirty-five new plays included six foreign works. But revivals both on and off the Street turned New York into a museum of past theatre glories rather than a showcase for new plays. Eight Shakespearean plays were mounted (six as part of the continuing Shakespeare Marathon at the Public Theatre), joined by remountings of Eugene O’Neill, Tennessee Williams, Thornton Wilder, and other native playwrights’ work. Samuel Beckett, Luigi Pirandello, Sean O’Casey, George Bernard Shaw, and Joe Orton were also represented.
Guam, 1968-1969
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The radio crackled to life in Joe Campbell’s Marianas Diver Shop. “The water is clear, calm, everything looks O.K.” The dive was on! By 10:30 A.M., on Sunday, December 15, 1968, forty—seven divers, U.S. Navy professionals, U.S. Air Force sport divers, and civilian sport divers began the hour long boat trip along the northwestern shore of Guam to Twin Reefs. It was the site chosen for the first of many battles to open “the new Pacific war.” An island—wide “seastar tournament” was organized by the University of Guam’s Department of Marine Studies. Navy men submerged with two 90—cubic—foot tanks, the sport divers carried an array of equipment including hamburger tongs, forks, and special spears for picking up the venomous creatures.
The War of the Worlds
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Martian invasion of Earth described by H. G.Wells in The War of the Worlds (1898) is a prototype for science fiction dealing with the threat of invasion.1 Like all good science—fiction writers, Wells had a solid scientific education and kept the company of, and even collaborated with, some of the leading scientists of his day. And like all good science fiction, The War of the Worlds incorporated contemporary science and social issues. The plot of the book emerged out of discussions with his brother Frank about their doubts that civilization had the ability to meet crises bravely and intelligently—this book was to deal with that problem.2 Written at a time when the British empire was threatened, the opponents, largely Bismarck’s Germany, lurked just across the channel. Their invasion of London was a more likely possibility in the minds of readers than the possibility of inhabitants on Mars. But what the Martians looked like, how they behaved, and whether the citizens of Earth would conquer them, appealed to popular imagination.
Under Capricorn
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In May 1970, Chesher traveled to Hawaii, Guam, and Australia to discuss developments in Acanthaster control and research.1 A mini—conference was arranged at the University of Hawaii, which had set up an Acanthaster research program. It was intended to embrace many aspects: population dynamics of adult and larval populations, analysis of larval development and survival in the plankton, analysis of metamorphosis, settlement of post—larval stages, predation of juveniles and adults, feeding preferences and rate, symbiotic relationships, the ecological impact of Acanthaster predation, as well as the feasibility of stimulating reef community recovery.2 Joseph Branham and four or five colleagues at the University of Hawaii had been studying a population of about 20,000 starfish on Molokai. At the same time, the Hawaiian Fish and Game Division surveyed the Molokai population and carried out experiments using ammonium hydroxide to kill the starfish.
A tree fell in the forest…
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early 1970s saw many new reports of large herds of crown—of—thorns starfish and devastation of coral—reefs in widespread localities, from the Indian Ocean to Fiji, Tahiti, New Guinea, the Philippines, the Ryukyu Is lands in Japan, as well as the Great Barrier Reef and Micronesia. The re ports came from amateur and professional divers, local fisherman, fishery departments, and museum and university workers. And they were scattered in various scientific journals, local government and conservation journals, as well as newspapers. Indeed, widespread concern about the crown—of—thorns paralleled a growing interest in submarine life as scuba began to be widely used by amateur divers and marine scientists.
Remote Control
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion that the starfish outbreaks might be natural and relatively harmless found new scientific support in the early 1970s. Special funds for crown—of—thorns research were made available in Australia. Following the recommendation of the joint government Committee of Inquiry, a crown—of—thorns Advisory Committee was established to recommend grants—in—aid. Four of its members had been on the Committee of In quiry. Advertisements inviting applications were placed in all major Australian newspapers and posters were displayed at all Australian universities and other research institutions. From 1971 to 1975, the Committee awarded over $A440,000 to projects on reef ecology, starfish larval development, coral formation, as well as monitoring and control measures. Public seminars were held in Brisbane in 1972 and again in 1974 to en able grantees to meet and discuss their research. Interested members of the public were invited to attend and participate in discussions.
Coral Bleaching and Global Warming
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the 1990s, international conservation agencies and governments of many countries came to recognize the dangers facing coral reefs. A survey conducted on behalf of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1984—89 indicated that people had significantly damaged or destroyed reefs in ninety—three countries.1 Coral reefs covered some 600,000 km2 throughout the tropical world, and there were estimates that about 10% of them were degraded beyond recovery, with another 30% likely to decline within the next two decades. Reefs identified as being at greatest risk are in South and Southeast Asia, East Africa, and the Caribbean.2 Some of the most serious problems are over—fishing and destructive fishing methods, including the use of dynamite and sodium cyanide; sedimentation and pollution; rapid population growth in tropical developing nations; and tourist—related activities and associated impacts.3 To some, the degradation of reef ecosystems seemed practically irreversible because it appeared impossible in practice to put an end to the human impact.
Cassandra and the Seastar
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coral—reef environmental science has come a long way since the days of “Save the Barrier Reef” bumper stickers in Australia, and the Westinghouse survey in Guam. The International Coral Reef Initiative would encourage and help governments and international organizations to strengthen their commitment to conserving, restoring, and promoting sustainable use of coral reefs and associated environments. Networks of laboratories, sharing and comparing data, would help resolve complex problems of distinguishing between human—induced impacts and long—term natural oscillations.
A History of Sight-Singing Instruction in the United States
Authors: Demorest Steven M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of sight-singing instruction in the United States is composed of many different movements and methods, often occurring simultaneously, that waxed and waned depending on the personalities of their advocates or on prevailing educational philosophy. Since the importance of singing ‘‘by note” or ‘‘by rule” was first suggested to early colonists, a continual debate has raged over whether everyone needs to learn to read music and, if so, what method will best achieve that goal.
Integrating Sight-Singing into the Choral Rehearsal
Authors: Demorest Steven M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lesson models in chapter 4 demonstrate how sight-singing can be presented systematically to choirs at beginning and advanced levels to build essential skills. The lesson models are all designed to be presented as a separate part of the rehearsal, distinct from work on the performance literature, though the lesson material can be based on music taken from choral literature. However, it is important that a teacher’s commitment to sightsinging not end at the moment that the rehearsal of the literature begins. When a IO-minute sight-singing lesson is followed by a rehearsal in which parts are pounded out on the piano, sight-singing becomes an academic exercise rather than a useful skill. However, we must acknowledge that our students’ voices and musicality are often developed well beyond their musicianship skills and that there is often a wide range of reading abilities within a single ensemble. To provide literature that keeps students challenged as performers, teachers often choose music that is beyond the choir’s ability to sight-read successfully. How do we deal with the challenge of incorporating reading into the rehearsal without compromising the quality of the literature we perform? Solutions to this challenge may be found in the organization of the choir program itself, the choice of literature, and the teaching approaches utilized in the rehearsal.
The Reign of Galba ( June 68 to January 69)
Authors: Morgan Gwyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The moment Galba was recognized as emperor, people began dusting off stories to prove that he had long been destined for the principate. Suetonius has several examples, among them claims—liberally sprinkled with circumstantial detail—that Augustus and Tiberius had each foreseen this outcome. The reality was more prosaic, but Servius Sulpicius Galba was justly proud of his ancestry. The Sulpicii, a patrician clan, had held office in Rome since the early republic, and as Suetonius observes, to give a detailed account would be a long and tedious business. The branch that bore the surname Galba came to the fore during the Hannibalic War, and was the dominant line thereafter. Its members were some of them heroes and some of them scoundrels, some of them gifted and some of them mediocrities—like Galba’s father, Gaius.