bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatase: Differential behavior of SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 towards signal regulation protein SIRPα1
Authors: Mishra Ashwini K. , Zhang Aihua , Niu Tianqi , Yang Jian , Liang Xiaoshan , Zhao Zhizhuang Joe , Zhou G. Wayne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe substrate specificity of catalytic domains and the activation of full length protein tyrosine phosphatases, SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 have been investigated using synthetic phosphotyrosyl peptides derived from SIPRα1. We found that the catalytic domains of SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 exhibit different substrate specificity towards a longer trideca‐peptide pY469+3 (−7RPEDTLTpYADLDM+5) and not to the shorter decapeptide pY469 (−5EDTLTpYADLD+4), the former being the substrate of SHP‐2 only. Furthermore, the activation of full‐length SHP‐1 and not the SHP‐2 by the deca/trideca‐peptides suggested SIRPα 1 to be possibly acting as both an upstream activator and a substrate for SHP‐1, and merely as the downstream substrate for SHP‐2 in signaling events. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 840–846, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin stimulates human osteoblastic cell proliferation, de novo collagen synthesis, and mineralization: Impact on differentiation markers, apoptosis, and osteoclastic signaling
Authors: Gordeladze Jan O. , Drevon Christian A. , Syversen Unni , Reseland Janne E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnabolic hormones, mechanical loading, and the obese protein leptin play separate roles in maintaining bone mass. We have previously shown that leptin, as well as its receptor, are expressed by normal human osteoblasts. Consequently, we have investigated how leptin affects proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of human osteoblasts. Iliac crest osteoblasts, incubated with either leptin (100 ng/ml), calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3; 10−9 M) or 1–84 human parathyroid hormone (PTH; 10−8 M), were cultured for 35 consecutive days and assayed for expression of various differentiation‐related marker genes (as estimated by RT‐PCR), de novo collagen synthesis, proliferation, in vitro mineralization, and osteoclast signaling. The effects of leptin on protection against retinoic acid (RA; 10−7 M) induced apoptosis, as well as transition into preosteocytes, were also tested. Leptin exposure enhanced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis over both control condition and PTH exposure. Leptin inhibited in vitro calcified nodule production after 1–2 weeks in culture, however, subsequent to 4–5 weeks, leptin significantly stimulated mineralization. The mineralization profile throughout the entire incubation period was almost undistinguishable from the one induced by PTH. In comparison, 1,25(OH)2D3 generally reduced proliferation and collagen production rates, whereas mineralization was markedly enhanced. Leptin exposure (at 2 and 5 weeks) significantly enhanced the expression of TGFβ, IGF‐I, collagen‐Iα, ALP, and osteocalcin mRNA. Leptin also protected against RA‐induced apoptosis, as estimated by soluble DNA fractions and DNA laddering patterns subsequent to 10 days of culture. The expression profiles of Bax‐α and Bcl‐2 mRNAs indicated that leptin per se significantly protected against apoptosis throughout the entire incubation period. Furthermore, the osteoblast marker OSF‐2 was diminished, whereas the CD44 osteocyte marker gene expression was stimulated, indicating a transition into preosteocytes. In terms of osteoclastic signaling, leptin significantly augmented the mRNA levels of both interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). In summary, continuous leptin exposure of iliac crest osteoblasts, promotes collagen synthesis, cell differentiation and in vitro mineralization, as well as cell survival and transition into preosteocytes. Leptin may also facilitate osteoblastic signaling to the osteoclast. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is involved in DNA–nuclear matrix anchoring
Authors: VanderWaal Robert P. , Spitz Douglas R. , Griffith Cara L. , Higashikubo Ryuji , Roti Roti Joseph L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDNA–nuclear matrix (NM) anchoring plays a critical role in the organization of DNA within the nucleus and in functional access to DNA for transcription, replication, and DNA repair. The cellular response to oxidative stress involves both gene expression and DNA repair. We, therefore, determined if changes in the oxidative–reductive environment can affect DNA–NM anchoring. The present study used two approaches to study the effect of the reducing agent DTT on DNA–NM anchoring. First, the relative stringency of the DNA–NM attachment was determined by measuring the ability of NM attached DNA loops to undergo supercoiling changes. Second, the effects of DTT on the association of nuclear proteins with DNA were determined by cisplatin crosslinking. When nucleoids (nuclear matrices with attached DNA loops) were prepared from HeLa cells with 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), supercoiled DNA loops unwound more efficiently compared with control in the presence of increasing propidium iodide (PI) concentrations. In addition, the rewinding of DNA supercoils in nucleoids treated with DTT was inhibited. Both effects on DNA supercoiling ability were reversed by diamide suggesting that they are dependent on the oxidation state of the protein thiols. When DTT treated nucleoids were isolated from γ‐irradiated cells, the inhibition of DNA supercoil rewinding was equal to the sum of the inhibition due to DTT and γ‐rays alone. Nucleoids isolated from heat‐shocked cells with DTT, showed no inhibition of DNA rewinding, except a small inhibition at high PI concentrations. Nuclear DNA in DTT‐treated nuclei was digested faster by DNase I than in untreated nuclei. These results suggest that DTT is altering DNA–NM anchoring by affecting the protein component(s) of the anchoring complex. Extracting NM with increasing concentrations of DTT did not solubilize any protein to a significant extent until measurable NM disintegration occurred. Therefore, we determined if 1 mM DTT affected the ability of 1 mM cisplatin to crosslink proteins to DNA. Isolated nuclei were treated with 1 mM DTT for 30 min or left untreated prior to crosslinking with 1 mM cisplatin for 2 h at 4°C. The ability of capsulation to crosslink DNA to proteins per se, did not appear to be affected by 1 mM DTT because relative amounts of at least four proteins, 69, 60, 40, and 35 kDa, were crosslinked to DNA to the same extent in DTT‐treated and untreated nuclei. However, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) crosslinked to DNA in untreated nuclei, but did not crosslink DNA in nuclei that were treated with 1 mM DTT; 1 mM DTT did not affect the intranuclear localization of PDI. Thus, DTT appears to alter the conformation of PDI, as suggested by the DTT‐induced change in DNA association, but not its NM association. These results also imply that DNA–NM anchoring involves the redox state of protein sulfhydryl groups. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 689–702, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative efficiencies of C‐terminal signals of native glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proproteins in conferring GPI‐anchoring
Authors: Chen Rui , Knez Jansen J. , Merrick William C. , Medof M. Edward 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEvery protein fated to receive the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor post‐translational modification has a C‐terminal GPI‐anchor attachment signal sequence. This signal peptide varies with respect to length, content, and hydrophobicity. With the exception of predictions based on an upstream amino acid triplet termed ω→ω + 2 which designates the site of GPI uptake, there is no information on how the efficiencies of different native signal sequences compare in the transamidation reaction that catalyzes the substitution of the GPI anchor for the C‐terminal peptide. In this study we utilized the placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) minigene, miniPLAP, and replaced its native 3′ end‐sequence encoding ω‐2 to the C‐terminus with the corresponding C‐terminal sequences of nine other human GPI‐anchored proteins. The resulting chimeras then were fed into an in vitro processing microsomal system where the cleavages leading to mature product from the nascent preproprotein could be followed by resolution on an SDS–PAGE system after immunoprecipitation. The results showed that the native signal of each protein differed markedly with respect to transamidation efficiency, with the signals of three proteins out‐performing the others in GPI‐anchor addition and those of two proteins being poorer substrates for the GPI transamidase. The data additionally indicated that the hierarchical order of efficiency of transamidation did not depend solely on the combination of permissible residues at ω→ω + 2. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 68–83, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Dirac equation in quantum chemistry: Strategies to overcome the current computational problems
Authors: Visscher Lucas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA perspective on the use of the relativistic Dirac equation in quantum chemistry is given. It is demonstrated that many of the computational problems that plague the current implementations of the different electronic structure methods can be overcome by utilizing the locality of the small component wave function and density. Possible applications of such new and more efficient formulations are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 759–766, 2002
Influence of the presence of small gas molecules in the structure of comblike polyacrylates: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: León Salvador , Zanuy David , Alemán Carlos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA theoretical strategy has been developed to study the motion of small molecules through ordered polymeric systems. The strategy, which has been incorporated into a computer program denoted MCDP/2, is especially useful to study comblike polymers organized in biphasic arrangements. This is because it is based on a configurational bias Monte Carlo algorithm, which is more efficient than conventional methods to study dense systems. The MCDP/2 program has been used to investigate the influence of CH4 and CO2 gas molecules in the structure of isotactic poly(octadecyl acrylate), a typical comblike polymer. For this purpose, the pure polymer and different molecular systems constituted by several gas molecules dissolved in the polymer matrix have been simulated. Results indicated that the structural relaxation of the polymer is not coupled to the motion of gas molecules. The importance of these results in the field of molecular modeling of transport properties in comblike polymers is discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 685–696, 2002
Theoretical study of endohedral metallofullerenes: Sc3−nLanN@C80 (n=0–3)
Authors: Kobayashi Kaoru , Sano Yuko , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo provide theoretical insight into the structures and properties of Sc3N@C80, which has been isolated in high yield and purity as a new stable endohedral metallofullerene, density functional calculations are carried out for the Sc3−nLanN@C80 (n=0–3) series. Because of electron transfer from Sc3N to C80, the electronic structure of Sc3N@C80 is formally described as (Sc3N)6+C\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{80}^{6-}$\end{document}. The encapsulated Sc3N cluster takes a planar structure with long Sc–Sc distances and is highly stabilized inside the Ih cage of C80, which rotates rapidly. As the number of La atoms increases, the Sc3−nLanN cluster is forced to maintain a pyramidal structure in Sc3−nLanN@C80. In addition, the C80 cage takes an open‐shell electronic structure due to an increase in the number of electrons transferring from Sc3−nLanN. These make the endohedral structure less stable and more reactive. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1353–1358, 2001
The dependent patient in a psychiatric inpatient setting: Relationship of interpersonal dependency to consultation and medication frequencies
Authors: O'Neill Richard M. , Bornstein Robert F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo examine the relationship between interpersonal dependency and medical service use in a hospital setting, the number of medical consultations and psychotropic medication prescriptions were compared in matched, mixed‐sex samples of 40 dependent and 40 nondependent psychiatric inpatients. Results indicated that dependent patients received more medical consultations and a greater number of medications than did nondependent patients with similar demographic and diagnostic profiles. Implications of these results for theoretical models of interpersonal dependency and for previous research on the dependency–help‐seeking relationship are discussed. Practical implications of these findings for work with dependent patients are summarized. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 289–298, 2001.
Sakai et al. is not an adequate demonstration of TFT effectiveness
Authors: Lohr Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSakai et al. (2001) report an uncontrolled case series of TFT treatments applied to a wide range of psychological complaints in a large health maintenance facility. They analyze verbal report measures of symptom severity and conclude that the specific treatment is effective for a wide range of psychological problems. A review of the theory and research on TFT efficacy indicates that the theoretical basis for the specific treatment is unfounded and that adequately controlled efficacy research has yet to be conducted. The authors' conclusions about effectiveness and applicability are not supported by either theory, prior research, or the findings of their clincial application. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1229–1235, 2001.
Comparison of two treatments for traumatic stress: A community‐based study of EMDR and prolonged exposure
Authors: Ironson G. , Freund B. , Strauss J.L. , Williams J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis pilot study compared the efficacy of two treatments for postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Prolonged Exposure (PE). Data were analyzed for 22 patients from a university‐based clinic serving the outside community (predominantly rape and crime victims) who completed at least one active session of treatment after three preparatory sessions. Results showed both approaches produced a significant reduction in PTSD and depression symptoms, which were maintained at three‐month follow‐up. Successful treatment was faster with EMDR as a larger number of people (7 of 10) had a 70% reduction in PTSD symptoms after three active sessions compared to 2 of 12 with PE. EMDR appeared to be better tolerated as the dropout rate was significantly lower in those randomized to EMDR versus PE (0 of 10 vs. 3 of 10). However all patients who remained in treatment with PE had a reduction in PTSD scores. Finally, Subjective Units of Distress (SUDS) ratings decreased significantly during the initial session of EMDR, but changed little during PE. Postsession SUDS were significantly lower for EMDR than for PE. Suggestions for future research are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 113–128, 2002.
Considering a multisite study? How to take the leap and have a soft landing
Authors: Dewa Carolyn S. , Durbin Janet , Wasylenki Donald , Ochocka Joanna , Eastabrook Shirley , Boydell Katherine M. , Goering Paula 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough most policymakers agree that a fundamental goal of the mental health system is to provide integrated community‐based services, there is little empirical evidence with which to plan such a system. Studies in the community mental health literature have not used a standard set of evaluation methods. One way of addressing this gap is through a multisite program evaluation in which multiple sites and programs evaluate the same outcomes using the same instruments and time frame. The proposition of introducing the same study design in different settings and programs is deceptively straightforward. The difficulty is not in the conceptualization but in the implementation. This article examines the factors that act as implementation barriers, how are they magnified in a multisite study design, and how they can be successfully addressed. In discussing the issue of study design, this article considers processes used to address six major types of barriers to conducting collaborative studies identified by Lancaster or Lancaster's six Cs—contribution, communication, compatibility, consensus, credit, and commitment. A case study approach is used to examine implementation of a multisite community mental health evaluation of services and supports (case management, self‐help initiatives, crisis interventions) represented by six independent evaluations of 15 community health programs. A principal finding was that one of the main vehicles to a successful multisite project is participation. It is only through participation that Lancaster's six Cs can be addressed. Key factors in large, geographically dispersed, and diverse groups include the use of advisory committees, explicit criteria and opportunities for participation, reliance on all modes of communication, and valuing informal interactions. The article concludes that whereas modern technology has assisted in making complicated research designs feasible, the operationalization of timeless virtues such as mutual respect and trust, flexibility, and commitment make them successful. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Homeobox genes in normal and malignant cells
Authors: Cillo Clemente , Cantile Monica , Faiella Antonio , Boncinelli Edoardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHomeobox genes are transcription factors primarily involved in embryonic development. Several homeobox gene families have so far been identified: Hox, EMX, PAX, MSX as well as many isolated divergent homeobox genes. Among these, Hox genes are most intriguing for having a regulatory network structure organization. Recent indications suggest the involvement of homeobox genes in (i) crucial adult eukariotic cell functions and (ii) human diseases, spanning from diabetes to cancer. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms through which homeobox genes act, and will propose a model for the function of the Hox gene network as decoding system for achieving specific genetic programs. New technologies for whole‐genome RNA expression will be crucial to evaluate the clinical relevance of homeobox genes in structural and metabolic diseases. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of nitrogen on the degradation of toluene in a compost‐based biofilter
Authors: Delhoménie Marie‐Caroline , Bibeau Louise , Roy Sébastien , Brzezinski Ryszard , Heitz Michèle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo identical laboratory‐scale bioreactors were operated simultaneously, each treating an input air flow rate of 1 m3 h−1. The biofilters consisted of multi‐stage columns, each stage packed with a compost‐based filtering material, which was not previously inoculated. The toluene inlet concentration was fixed at 1.5 g m−3 of air. Apart from the necessary carbon, the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and other micro‐elements are also essential for microbial metabolism. These were distributed throughout the filter bed material by periodic ‘irrigations’ with various test nutrient solutions. The performance of each biofilter was quantified by determining its toluene removal efficiency, and elimination capacity. Nutrient solution nitrogen levels were varied from 0 to 6.0 g dm−3, which led to elimination capacities of up to 50 g m−3 h−1 being obtained for a toluene inlet load of 80 g m−3 h−1. A theoretical analysis also confirmed that the optimum nitrogen solution concentration lays in the range 4.0–6.0 g dm−3. Validation of the irrigation mode was achieved by watering each biofilter stage individually. Vertical stage‐by‐stage stratification of the biofilter performance was not detected, ie each filter bed section removed the same amount of pollutant, the elimination capacity per stage being about 16 g m−3 h−1 per section of column.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation
Authors: Zoellner Hans , Chapple Cheryl C. , Hunter Neil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGingivitis occurring when bacterial plaque accumulates in the gingival crevice provides a convenient and interesting model for chronic inflammation in humans. In some patients, gingivitis progresses to the destructive lesion of periodontitis, involving the formation of periodontal pockets. The basis for pocket formation and progression is not as yet clear, although neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) appear to play a protective role. Vascular changes appear to either facilitate or inhibit PMN function with the effect of either protecting from, or stimulating, periodontitis. Contrary to most circumstances, high endothelial cells in periodontitis are involved with PMN rather than lymphocyte emigration. Expansion of the microvasculature through increased vascular diameter and tortuosity as well as the development of high endothelial cells appears to protect from periodontitis by increasing the supply of both plasma defense factors and PMN to the tissues. Vascular changes that may oppose this and promote periodontitis are the formation of perivascular hyaline material and accumulation of basement membrane rests. The inadequate tissue turnover that accumulation of these vascular products represents can be argued as a vascular response to a chronic inflammation that has failed to eliminate the irritant. It is suggested that these vascular changes may account for the highly localized and burst‐like pattern of pocket formation in periodontitis. Finally, it is possible that the recent observation that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for systemic vascular disease may reflect stimulation of acute phase protein synthesis by cytokines released by periodontal high endothelial cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:15–31, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of metals in cells of pterygote insects
Authors: Ballan‐Dufrançais Christiane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInsects maintain the equilibrium of their internal milieu by diffusion mechanisms, but more frequently by a substantial storage of metals in the cells of numerous organs: digestive tract, Malpighian tubules, fat body, integument, and genital organs. This storage implies the precipitation, of numerous cations (Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu) in a structure called the spherocrystal, which originates from the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi complex: elements precipitate on a glycosaminoglycan nucleus in thin peripheral strata. Some spherocrystals contain exclusively mineral compounds, frequently phosphates, whereas others may contain organic compounds such as urates. In some species mineralized lysosomes store Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu. When fed additional metals found in the environment, insects such as cockroach and ant are able to stay alive and to trap the metals (Cd or Pb, for example) in the peripheral strata of spherocrystals; the cytoplasm is not altered. It seems that these insects are able to resist exposures to high levels of toxic metals. The lysosomes are able to retain toxic heavy metals (Cd or Hg, for example) within metallothionein‐like proteins. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:403–420, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.