bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How pervasive is joint attention? Mother‐child dyads from a Wichi community reveal a different form of “togetherness”
Authors: Taverna Andrea , Padilla Migdalia , Waxman Sandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTheories of early development have emphasized the power of caregivers as active agents in infant socialization and learning. However, there is variability, across communities, in the tendency of caregivers to engage with their infants directly. This raises the possibility that infants and children in some communities spend more time engaged in solitary activities than in dyadic or triadic interactions. Here, we focus on one such community (indigenous Wichi living in Argentina's Chaco Forest) to test this possibility. We examine naturally occurring attentional activity involving the mother and child among the Wichi and among Eurodescendant Spanish‐speaking families living in Argentina. We engaged 16 families—8 Wichi and 8 Eurodescendant—in an observational study of interactions between caregivers and their 1‐ to 2‐year‐olds. A mixed‐analytic approach revealed no differences between communities in the proportion of time infants spent alone, or in mother‐child interaction. What does differ, however, is how mothers engage in these interactions: Wichi mothers spend a greater proportion of their time observing their infants than do Eurodescendant mothers. Moreover, when infants in both groups are alone, they focus their ‘solitary’ activities differently: Wichi infants engaged primarily in observation alone, whereas Eurodescendant infants were more focused on the object. Finally, all mother‐child pairs engaged in dyadic and triadic (object‐infant‐caregiver) patterns of attention, but the triadic patterns differed considerably between cultures: Among Wichi, mothers actively “watched” infants as they engaged with objects, whereas Eurodescendant mothers actively engaged with their infants in joint attentional episodes. This work illustrates how attention and socialization, key mechanisms of early development, are culturally organized. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwsOCLXubKQ.Research Highlights
Longitudinal, observational investigation of mother‐infant interaction in two distinct Argentine cultural groups (Wichi and Eurodescendants) reveals both commonalities and clear community‐based differences in interactions between mothers and their 1‐ to 2‐year‐olds.
Wichi mother‐infant dyads engaged primarily in visual observation of one another, but their Eurodescendant counterparts tended to engage in more verbal or physical interaction.
We identify a new form of triadic interaction—lateral joint attention—among the Wichi dyads.
This work underscores that attention and socialization, key mechanisms of early development, are culturally organized.
Hammersmith婴儿神经学检查在高危儿发育随访中的应用研究
Authors: 巍 田巍. , 科 赵晓. , 红 徐. , 金 孙耀. , 敏 朱. 
Published: January 2024

摘要目的探讨影响高危儿生命早期Hammersmith婴儿神经学检查(HINE)总分的独立影响因素，并为早期有效筛查和评估干预疗效提供证据。方法我们对258名高危儿进行了前瞻性队列研究，分别在矫正3、6、9 和12月龄时接受了 HINE和Gesell发育诊断表的评估。一个多元线性回归模型被建立以探究矫正3月龄时HINE总分的独立影响因素。通过计算不同年龄段的区分效度、同时效度和预测效度，分析HINE 总分的准确性。结果高危儿HINE总分在矫正3月龄时有9个独立影响因素。在矫正2月龄时，HINE总分对粗大运动发育迟缓的区分效度、同时效度和预测效度均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结果不同的新生儿临床状况与其生命早期HINE总分有关。在典型的中国临床环境中，HINE可用于纵向监测高危儿出生后第一年的神经系统发育情况，而且四个年龄段的筛查结果都与矫正12月龄时的神经运动发育结果有关。
Evaluation of lethal and sublethal effects of laminarin on the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae, under extended laboratory conditions
Authors: Lanzoni Alberto , Staiano Antonino , Masetti Antonio , Burgio Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent studies have opened the way for using elicitor‐induced resistance in plants as a method to control arthropod pests. In this study, 1,3‐β‐glucan laminarin, an elicitor of disease resistance in plants, was tested on the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on peach [Prunus persica(L.) Batsch, Rosaceae] plantlets and evaluated its effects on short‐term mortality and population growth. Laminarin exposure did not affect aphid survival in the short term; however, laminarin‐treated peach plants sustained fewer nymphs and adults in comparison with the control. Aphid populations on plants treated with laminarin declined significantly over the sampling period compared to the control. Moreover, the demographic parameters net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ), and intrinsic rate of increase (rm), all showed decreasing trends in aphid populations reared on laminarin‐treated plants. The decline in aphid populations exposed to laminarin seemed to mainly be linked to reduced adult survival, slower nymph development, and lower nymph survival and only marginally to changes in reproduction outcome. Changes in gene expression causing the final production of defence chemicals by peach plants may contribute to explaining the results. However, potential direct effects of laminarin onM. persicaefeeding activity and probing behaviour cannot be ruled out. This study provides evidence that, although laminarin did not display insecticidal activity in the short term, this elicitor caused sublethal effects, significantly reducing aphid populations.
The missing links: Bee and non‐bee alpine visitor observation networks differ to pollen transport networks
Authors: Encinas‐Viso Francisco , Goodwin Emma , Saunders Manu E. , Florez Jaime , Lumbers James , Rader Romina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A majority of the world's flowering plants benefit from insect pollination. Bees in particular are known to carry large amounts of pollen, and the pollen load transported is often highly conspecific. However, there is limited knowledge about the transfer of pollen by other non‐bee flower‐visiting insect taxa.
We observed and collected insects visiting flowers in an Australian alpine plant community. We identified insect body pollen loads to evaluate the relative differences among taxa using visitation and pollen transport networks. We sampled a diverse pollinator community from 39 insect families that visited 31 plant species (n = 488 individual insects).
Pollen abundance and richness on insect bodies varied significantly among Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera both among individuals and across insect families.
Bees carried more pollen overall than the other three insect orders surveyed, yet dipterans were the most frequent flower visitors overall, with six dipteran families observed visiting flowers more frequently than the most frequent hymenopteran visitor (Apis mellifera L.). Apidae was also the only family in this study to carry consistently large quantities of pollen.
At the order level, Diptera carried the second highest quantity of pollen but greater diversity of pollen than other insect orders. Importantly, visitation networks revealed visits to plant taxa that were not identified in pollen transport networks and vice versa.
Given the missing links in both visitor observation and pollen transfer networks, we advocate combining both types of networks to provide a more accurate estimate of the full range of plant–pollinator interactions occurring within and across taxa at the community level. Understanding the variation in plant–pollinator interactions as a result of differences among taxa and between networks of flower visitors, pollen transfer is important to evaluate the level of generalisation/specialisation among plants and their pollinator partners.
Ten tips for effective use and quality assurance of multiple‐choice questions in knowledge‐based assessments
Authors: Ali Kamran , Zahra Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultiple‐choice questions (MCQs) are the most popular type of items used in knowledge‐based assessments in undergraduate and postgraduate healthcare education. MCQs allow assessment of candidates’ knowledge on a broad range of knowledge‐based learning outcomes in a single assessment. Single‐best‐answer (SBA) MCQs are the most versatile and commonly used format. Although writing MCQs may seem straight‐forward, producing decent‐quality MCQs is challenging and warrants a range of quality checks before an item is deemed suitable for inclusion in an assessment. Like all assessments, MCQ‐based examinations must be aligned with the learning outcomes and learning opportunities provided to the students. This paper provides evidence‐based guidance on the effective use of MCQs in student assessments, not only to make decisions regarding student progression but also to build an academic environment that promotes assessment as a driver for learning. Practical tips are provided to the readers to produce authentic MCQ items, along with appropriate pre‐ and post‐assessment reviews, the use of standard setting and psychometric evaluation of assessments based on MCQs. Institutions need to develop an academic culture that fosters transparency, openness, equality and inclusivity. In line with contemporary educational principles, teamwork amongst teaching faculty, administrators and students is essential to establish effective learning and assessment practices.
COVID‐19 stress, marital conflict, social capital, and parenting of preschoolers
Authors: Lee Woon Kyung , Joo Young Sun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine associations between mothers' COVID‐19 stress, marital conflict, and parenting, focusing on mothers raising children ages 3–5. Specifically, we examined the potentially protective role of mothers' social capital for parenting behaviors.BackgroundDespite numerous studies reporting the negative impacts of mothers' stress on marital relationships and parenting behaviors, little is known about how mothers' stress due to COVID‐19 is associated with marital conflict and parenting behaviors.MethodWe collected data from 306 mothers in South Korea in 2021 during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsWe found that marital conflict significantly mediated the relationship between mothers' COVID‐19 stress and positive parenting behaviors. The moderating effect of social capital was not significant in the negative relationship between COVID‐19 stress and positive parenting behaviors but was significant in the negative relationship between marital conflict and positive parenting behaviors. Further analysis showed a significant negative relationship between marital conflict and positive parenting only when the level of social capital was equal to the mean value or higher, and the relationship was stronger with higher levels of social capital.ConclusionThe findings show that mothers' stress due to COVID‐19 can be associated with increased marital conflict and decreased parental functioning.ImplicationsThe significant moderating effect of social capital in the relationship between marital conflict and positive parenting behaviors highlights the need to examine social capital's role in the COVID‐19 pandemic.
An estimation method of normalized nonlinear output frequency response functions for fatigue damage detection using stochastic response signal
Authors: Tang Weili , Mao Hanling , Li Xinxin , Huang Zhenfeng , Mao Hanying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs) and its modified version, normalized NOFRFs (norm‐NOFRFs), are composed of multiple spectra, which can sensitively indicate the occurrence of fatigue damage in machinery. However, their application is restricted to a certain extent. Currently, neither NOFRFs nor norm‐NOFRFs can be estimated with only a single response signal. Aimed at this problem, the nonlinear auto‐regressive (NAR) model was introduced, and an estimation method of norm‐NOFRFs is proposed in this paper. Only one stochastic response signal is required in the proposed method, which removes the restrictions on the number and intensity of signals to identify norm‐NOFRFs, and expands the range of scenarios for using norm‐NOFRFs in damage detection. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed method are verified by the nonlinear model in numerical simulation. The effectiveness of revealing and quantifying the fatigue damage is verified by experimental study for three kinds of mechanical parts.
The global‐scale impacts of metallic nanoparticles on soil carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: He Gang , Lu Mingzhu , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Yang Yuyi , Ma Lin , Li Siyue , Liu Wenzhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems are increasingly being exposed to metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). However, the global‐scale impact of MNPs on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission remains unknown, limiting our understanding of the role of MNPs in global carbon cycle. We compiled a dataset comprising 1764 pairs of experimental observations to investigate the effects of MNPs exposure on soil respiration parameters, including respiration rates, related enzyme activities, and microbial variables. We found that MNPs could stimulate or suppress soil basal respiration rates across global environments, depending largely on the type of MNPs. We further showed that, although the inhibition of MNPs on most enzyme activities peaked in short‐term exposure (≤28 days), prolonged exposure to MNPs still inhibited soil organic carbon degradation. Finally, we determined that environmental conditions (e.g., soil pH and presence/absence of plants) were also important regulators of the influence of MNPs on soil respiration parameters. Our findings underline that the effects of MNPs on soil CO2 emission depended on MNPs type, exposure design, and environmental factors, which is critical for predicting the role of MNPs in influencing the global carbon cycle and climate change.
A preliminary study on the development of care staff's Final‐Stage Decision‐Making Support Scale for older adults with dementia
Authors: Suzuki Mizue , Asai Yatami , Sato Masako , Kanamori Takuya , Inagaki Keigo , Kanamori Masao 
Published: January 2024

AimThis preliminary study aimed to develop a care staff Final Life‐Stage Decision‐Making Support Scale (FS‐DM) for older adults with dementia (OwDs) in geriatric facilities.MethodsThe FS‐DM items were developed from focus group interviews with care staff and reviewed through discussions with several experts in dementia care. A questionnaire survey was conducted among care staff in geriatric facilities from February to March 2021.ResultsIn total, 138 carers (110 [79.7%] women and 28 [20.3%] men, mean age: 41.5 ± 2.3 years) participated. Among them, 91 (65.9%) were professional caregivers, and 36 (26.1%) were nurses. The FS‐DM was developed using a factor analysis, which resulted in 11 items grouped into three factors’, as it is the three factors: (1) support for the realization of the wills of OwDs in their final life‐stages through collaboration with families and multiple professionals; (2) consideration of communication regarding the formation and expression of the wills of OwDs in their final life‐stages; and (3) support for eliciting the wills of OwDs during their final life‐stages according to their decision‐making ability and values. The factor loadings ranged from 0.385 to 0.827, and the accumulated contribution ratio was 61.03%. The reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach's α of 0.740–0.855. The first and second factors of the FS‐DM were significantly correlated with the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire item “Nurses' attitudes towards support for decision‐making.”ConclusionOur results suggest that the FS‐DM could provide supportive care for OwDs to formulate, express, and realize their will, and that it has a degree of reliability and validity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 130–134.
Closed doors: Domestic space, household labor, and the reproduction of gender inequality in the pandemic lockdown
Authors: Cera Michelle , Klinenberg Eric 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe pandemic offered a unique opportunity to shift gendered expectations and create a more equal division of domestic labor in the home. As an organizational unit, the home represents a significant domain to investigate gendered power relations and transformations. Change was especially possible for couples where employed fathers, who typically left for work, began to spend far more time at home. Surveys show that the opposite happened, and the share of domestic work done by women increased. This article explores the social dynamics that drove these trends. We draw on in‐depth interviews with 20 couples (for a total of 40 parents). We leverage the variation between the accounts of each partner in a couple to explore how gender contributed to inequality in the home during the pandemic. We show that the physical and symbolic division of domestic space contributed to heightened gender inequalities during the pandemic. We divide our sample into three groups: cases where paternal income exceeds maternal income, cases where maternal income exceeds paternal income, and cases with comparable income levels for both parents. We demonstrate how the division of space, both physically and symbolically, contributes to the ongoing gender inequality experienced by all three groups. Our results expand on quantitative studies which show that gender inequality deepened during the pandemic by revealing the mechanisms and lived experinces behind the trend.
A post hoc comparative real‐world analysis of HEAD‐US score for joint health assessment of patients with severe haemophilia A and B in Spain
Authors: Álvarez‐Román María Teresa , Jiménez‐Yuste Víctor , Martín‐Salces Mónica , De la Corte‐Rodríguez Hortensia , Bonanad Santiago , Núñez Ramiro , Fernández‐Mosteirín Nuria , García‐Frade Luis Javier , Martinoli Carlo , Kim Hae Kyung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimJoint damage due to haemarthrosis can be effectively monitored with point‐of care ultrasound using the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with US (HEAD‐US) scoring system. A post hoc comparative analysis of the joint status of patients with severe haemophilia A (HA) or B (HB) was performed.MethodsThe databases of two observational, cross‐sectional studies that recruited patients with HA or HB from 12 Spanish centres were analysed to compare the status of the elbows, knees and ankles in patients with severe disease according to treatment modality. The HEAD‐US score was calculated in both studies by the same trained operators.ResultsOverall, 95 HA and 41 HB severe patients were included, with a mean age of 35.2 ± 11.8 and 32.7 ± 14.2 years, respectively. The percentage of patients who received prophylaxis, over on‐demand (OD) treatment, was much higher in HA (91.6%) than in HB (65.8%) patients. With a similar number of target joints, the HEAD‐US score was zero in 6.3% HA and 22.0% HB patients (p < .01), respectively. The HA population showed significantly worse HEAD‐US scores. Whilst osteochondral damage occurred more frequently in patients OD or tertiary prophylaxis, our data suggest that articular damage is less prominent in primary/secondary prophylaxis, regardless of the type of haemophilia. These latter treatment modalities were also associated with a lower prevalence of synovial hypertrophy, particularly in HB patients.ConclusionThis post hoc analysis indicates that joint status seems to be significantly influenced by haemophilia type (HA or HB) and treatment modality in these severe Spanish populations with severe disease. Continuing HEAD‐US monitoring for the early detection and management of intra‐articular abnormalities, as well as more efficiently tailored therapies should be warranted.
Daith piercing: Revisited from the perspective of auricular acupuncture systems. A narrative review
Authors: Pradhan Saroj K. , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Li Yiming , Shaban Hamdy , Lyu Xiaoying , Sevik Ahmet , Furian Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDaith piercing is a special ear‐piercing method that punctures the crus of the helix. The penetrated site at the ear's innermost point is assumed to stimulate a pressure point associated with the vagus nerve. It has been reported that the pierced spot relieves migraine and tension‐type headaches by activating vagal afferents, leading to the inhibition of neurons in the caudal trigeminal nucleus via the nucleus tractus solitarii.ObjectiveThe objective of this narrative literature review is to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning daith piercing for the treatment of migraine and tension‐type headaches from the perspectives of the Chinese and Western auricular systems.MethodsPubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched using the keywords “daith piercing,” “auricular points,” “headache,” and “acupuncture” from database inception to September 1, 2023. Only studies on humans were eligible; otherwise, no further restrictions were applied to the study designs, type of headache, or patient population of the identified articles. Bibliographies of all eligible studies were screened for further eligible studies. The main outcome of interest was a quantitative measure of pain relief by daith piercing. Secondary outcomes were relapse time of headache and further outcomes related to daith piercing, if available.ResultsFrom a total of 186 identified articles, one retrospective study and three case reports fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No clinical trial was identified. The obtained studies describe patients experiencing chronic headaches undergoing daith piercing without changing or reducing their usual medication. In all case studies and the retrospective study, patients reported substantial reductions in pain immediately after daith piercing; however, headache symptoms recurred several weeks to months thereafter. From the perspective of the Chinese and Western auricular systems, no sufficient explanation for the described treatment effect of daith piercing was found.ConclusionThe available literature, combined with the reported recurrence of pain as well as the associated side effects of daith piercing, indicate that current evidence does not support daith piercing for the treatment of migraine, tension‐type headaches, or other headache disorders.Plain Language SummaryThis paper summarizes what we know about Daith piercing (DP) for chronic migraine and tension‐type headache and discusses how DP might work. Current evidence does not support DP as an effective treatment of chronic migraine and tension‐type headache. These findings might assist clinicians in discussing this subject with patients as well as guide future research.
Influence of drying conditions and plasticizer‐to‐binder ratio on the water‐based tape casting of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ
Authors: Javan Kimia Y. , Sglavo Vincenzo M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTape casting is a flexible technique for manufacturing scalable ceramic sheets. This study fabricated La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF6428) tapes using water‐based tape casting. A high molecular weight plasticizer, polyethylene glycol 4000, was chosen to balance flexibility and mechanical strength. Adjusting the plasticizer‐to‐binder ratio (R‐value) and increasing relative humidity during drying led to crack‐free and flawless green tapes of 330 µm. The uniform polymer matrix improved homogeneity and consistency as well. An applicable suspension formulation was developed for the water‐based fabrication of LSCF tapes for continuous production.