bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penegakan Kejahatan Suap Pejabat Asing dengan Perspektif Perjanjian Ektradisi Indonesia
Authors: Adiba Ritika Sahzana , Widowati Bulan Atha , Rajabbi Kevin Vito , Husnyyatie Nur Azizah 
Published: February 2024

Indonesia merupakan negara kesatuan yang kaya akan segala potensi alam untuk menunjang perkembangan ekonomi dan kemakmuran negara. Kerjasama antar negara merupakan hal yang sangat erat terjadi untuk memajukan kualitas ekonomi dan bertukar bahan olahan yang menjadi unggulan daerah dan menjalin silaturahmi antar negara. Pemerintah yang menjadi nara hubung untuk mendapatkan izin ataupun melakukan kerjasama antar negara dalam bidang bisnis maupun kerjasama sangat dibutuhkan untuk melegalkan suatu bisnis tersebut dan mendapat perlindungan hukum bagi para pelaku usaha di negara tersebut. Hal ini sangat memungkinkan untuk para pelaku usaha tersebut untuk melakukan transaksi bisnis lintas batas yang sangat berpotensi untuk melakukan tindakan ilegal. Salah satu hal yang sangat berpotensi untuk dilakukan adalah tindak pidana korupsi, hal tersebut adalah penyuapan oleh para pelaku usaha kepada pihak pemerintah untuk memudahkan pembukaan usaha mereka. Perbuatan kriminal penyuapan kepada pejabat publik asing ataupun pejabat organisasi internasional diatur dalam pasal 16 UNCAC. Tindak pidana korupsi penyuapan kepada pejabat asing ataupun pejabat organisasi internasionl adalah perbuatan pemberian atau janji kepada pejabat publik asing atau pejabat publik organisasi internasional, secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung, dengan memperoleh segala bentuk keuntungan, baik untuk individu tersebut ataupun entitas lain supaya pejabat publik tersebut dapat melakukan/tidak melakukan suatu hal yang ada padakewenangannya, supaya mereka mendapat tujuannya mendapatkan atau menjaga transaksi bisnis dan perlakuan lainnya yang berkaitan dengan hubungan transaksi internasional tersebut.
Kontroversi Penerapan Hukuman Mati dalam Kasus Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Tantangan Terhadap Eksistensi Hak Asasi Manusia serta Ekstradisi di Indonesia
Authors: Syahputra Muhammad Ridho Wahyu , Sukmadewi Addilya , Hafidz Ahmad Musyafa' Nur , Pambudi Enggar Hayu 
Published: February 2024

Pembahasan mengenai tindak pidana korupsi seringkali berkesinambungan dengan sanksi yang dianggap masih jauh dari kata setuju bagi setiap kalangan, yaitu pidana mati. Pidana mati merupakan sanksi terakhir atau bisa dianggap sanksi tertinggi dari segala sanksi hukum yang ada. Sebagai negara berdaulat, Indonesia memiliki kekuasaan untuk mengatur bagaimana cara mengatasi masalah tindak pidana korupsi ini dengan berbagai kebijakan yang dibuat. Tindak pidana korupsi merupakan suatu tindakan yang merugikan banyak aspek, tidak hanya merugikan keuangan negara, tetapi juga merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat secara meluas, sehingga sanksi dari tindak pidana korupsi cenderung berat bahkan sampai kepada sanksi pidana mati. Sebenarnya pidana mati tidak selalu diakibatkan tindak pidana korupsi , namun seringkali yang terdengar adalah disebabkan oleh tindak pidana korupsi, sehingga tindak pidana korupsi bisa dianggap sebagai Extraordinary Crime. Selain itu akibat dari sanksi berat bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi sendiri tidak bertanggungjawab atas tindakannya sehingga seringkali melarikan diri ke luar negeri untuk menghindari sanksi berat dengan tujuan mengamankan aset hasil tindak pidana korupsinya. Akibat dari tindakan pelaku pidana korupsi tersebut juga berakibat adanya pemberlakuan ekstradisi bagi mereka dan seringkali pembelaan para pelaku ini mengarah kepada Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Maka dari itu artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana sebenarnya akibat dari tindak pidana korupsi yang seringkali meluas ke tindak pidana lain yang mengakibatkan kerugian negara. Adapun tujuan melakukan penelitian artikel ini melihat sejauh mana keadilan yang dapat ditegakkan oleh negara Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif serta pendekatan secara historis untuk mendalami kasus-kasus yang akan kita diskusikan dalam artikel ilmiah ini.
Peran Mutual Legal Assistance dalam Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Negara-Negara ASEAN: Perspektif Tantangan Kedepan
Authors: Ainiyyah Hartono Fatika Azzahra , Kaafah Ihdini Salimah , Hasibuan Martha , Lestari Yunita 
Published: February 2024

Kejahatan Korupsi yang semakin merebak kini tergolong dalam kejahatan transnasional yang terorganisir. Kejahatan Korupsi yang terstruktur dan cukup sistematis menjadikannya polemik serius. Kejahatan korupsi yang diimbangi kemajuan teknologi mampu melahirkan tindak pidana yang lain yaitu pencucian uang (Money Laundering). Pelaku korupsi melarikan diri ke luar negeri untuk menyamarkan hartanya supaya tidak terjangkit jeratan hukum. Fenomena sosial ini mendorong negara-negara di wilayah Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) untuk memberantas yang tidak mengenal batas-batas negara tersebut (Borderless Crime). Upaya khusus dalam menangani kejahatan korupsi tersebut diformulasikan dalam suatu perangkat yaitu Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (MLAT) atau dikenal sebagai Bantuan Timbal Balik dalam Masalah Pidana. Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance (MLAT) merupakan salah satu instrumen hukum berupa kerjasama regional yang tergolong cukup efektif dalam menangani pelaku korupsi terkait pencucian uang (Money Laundering). Pemberantasan kejahatan korupsi ini juga meliputi prospek pengembangan teknologi untuk masa depan baik, pembaharuan perjanjian Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance (MLAT) dan perjanjian eksekutif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran, hambatan dan prospek pengembangan Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance (MLAT) dalam ruang lingkup ASEAN. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hukum normatif dengan pendekatan doktrinal. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah meskipun Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance (MLAT) dikenal sebagai instrumen hukum yang efektif dalam menangani pencucian uang (Money Laundering) di ASEAN, akan tetapi masih ditemukan beberapa hambatan yang cukup kompleks dalam pengembalian aset (Asset Recovery) yaitu adanya perbedaan sistem hukum dan diberlakukannya asas non retroaktif. Meskipun demikian, terdapat beberapa penawaran dalam pengembangan Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance (MLAT) berbasis elektronik yang memberikan output berupa kemudahan bagi negara-negara di Kawasan ASEAN dalam mengakses data dan sistem pelacakan. Selain itu juga, aspek pengembangan tersebut juga meliputi pembahasan perjanjian dan ketentuan Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance (MLAT) supaya mampu menghadirkan instrumen yang lebih baik di masa depan.
Manifestasi Kaidah Politik Keadilan dan Kepastian Hukum Antar Negara ASEAN Dalam Pemberantasan Korupsi Pada Negara Malaysia dan Amerika Serikat
Authors: Antariksa Aiden Gumilang , Fajrin Dian Rahmawati , Ningtyas Inez Cahya Ayu , Supriyadi Jihan Paramita , Nugroho Fiska Maulidian 
Published: February 2024

Korupsi merupakan perbuatan yang merugikan negara dengan cara menyalahgunakan kekuasaan, jabatan atau pengaruhnya untuk keuntungan pribadi atau kolektif, baik secara finansial maupun non-finansial. Korupsi dapat menghancurkan ekonomi, menciptakan ketidakadilan sosial, dan merugikan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Pemberantasan korupsi menjadi sangat penting dimana korupsi bukan lagi menjadi persoalan nasional tetapi sudah menjadi persoalan global. Oleh karena itu, perlunya memastikan bahwa setiap negara di kawasan ASEAN memiliki kaidah-kaidah politik yang kuat dan efektif dalam upaya pemberantasan korupsi. Dalam rangka untuk memerangi korupsi secara efektif, manifestasi kaidah-kaidah politik antar negara ASEAN dalam pemberantasan korupsi pada negara-negara di ASEAN adalah sangat penting untuk menciptakan kerangka kerja yang konsisten dan memberikan pedoman yang jelas bagi negara-negara anggota ASEAN untuk melawan korupsi secara bersama-sama. Salah satu contoh kasus kerjasama internasional dalam pemberantasan korupsi yang menerapkan kaidah politik internasional adalah kerjasama antara Malaysia dan Amerika Serikat dalam penyelidikan dan penuntutan kasus korupsi yang melibatkan mantan Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Najib Razak. Kaidah-kaidah politik hukum pidana internasional tersebut menjadi acuan dan pedoman dalam melakukan penyelidikan dan penuntutan kasus korupsi yang melibatkan pelaku di berbagai negara khususnya antar negara ASEAN. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan penelitian dari data sekunder dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. Sehingga pada akhirnya penulis berkesimpulan bahwa penuntutan kasus korupsi yang melibatkan mantan Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Najib Razak dilakukan dengan memperhatikan kaidah politik Hukum Pidana Internasional yaitu prinsip keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Najib Razak diadili dan dijatuhi hukuman sesuai dengan bukti-bukti yang ada serta hak-haknya sebagai terdakwa dijamin selama proses persidangan.
Kata Kunci: Korupsi, Kaidah-Kaidah Politik, ASEAN
A New Approach for Station Location and Route Planning of Customized Bus: An Empirical Study in Beijing
Authors: Wu Zhuang , Chang Yi , Shang Huayan , Wu Zhewei , Yang Yanni 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As a new public transport service mode, customized bus (CB) can meet the diversified and personalized travel needs of residents. However, it is difficult for bus operators to make precise customizations. In this paper, considering the characteristic of variable CB stations and passenger demand, a mixed integer programming model is developed for the CB bus route design, and a two-stage heuristic with CW saving algorithm and variable neighborhood search is proposed. The proposed methodology is validated using a real-world transit network in Beijing. The results show that the occupancy rates of the most CB bus lines designed in this paper can reach 100%, and the average occupancy rate can reach 91.67%.
Sustainable water management in purpose-built student accommodation
Authors: Zang Jian , Kumar Manish , Werner David 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose-built student accommodation is a rapidly growing residence type in the United Kingdom with unique water management challenges that include high building occupancy, involvement of multiple stakeholders, and no direct linkage between occupants’ bills and their water use. We report on successful interventions to monitor and reduce significant baseflow that initially accounted for 42% of the annual water demand in three accommodation blocks housing 240 students at Newcastle University. Building-level water consumption monitoring and audits identified faulty, continuously running toilets as the main reason for such high baseflow. Each faulty toilet wasted between 4,800 to 12,000 litres per day of potable water, equivalent to the baseflow corrected water use of between 47 and 106 students, meaning that toilet faults are high impact events in terms of sustainable water management. Subsequent building management, maintenance team, and student occupant engagements reduced baseflows within three years by 46%, resulting in water bill savings five times higher than the monitoring costs. We conclude that rapid identification and repair of faulty toilets supported by smart metering has high water savings potential and low costs in comparison with alternative institutional water efficiency measures such as installing rainwater harvesting systems or ultralow water use appliances.
Synopsis: Monitoring and communication interventions cost-effectively reduce significant leakage from toilets in student accommodation.
Half Dose Alteplase or Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Pulmonary Embolism with Intermediate-High risk: Real life Study at Tertiary Hospital
Authors: UNAT Ömer Selim , KORKMAZ Pervin , CINKOOGLU Akin , CAN Ozge , SOYDAN Elton , BAYRAKTAROGLU Selen , COK Gursel , BACAKOGLU Feza , ERDINC Munevver , SAVAS Recep , AKARCA Funda KARBEK , NALBANTGİL Sanem , CINAR Celal , UYAR Mehmet , DEMIRAG Kubilay , YAGDI Tahir , ENGİN Cagatay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and Aim:
Using thrombolytics in intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients or not is a controversial issue. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and complications of half-dose alteplase and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administration in PE patients with intermediate-high risk.
Material and Methods: The patients diagnosed with intermediate-high risk PE at Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital between 01.01.2016 – 13.02.2023 were included in the study. The patients diagnosed with PE after the establishment of Ege Pulmonary Embolism Team (EGEPET) (2.10.2018) formed the prospective part with the thrombolytic group. The retrospective part-anticoagulation group- included the cases treated with LMWH before EGEPET. Two treatment groups were compared in terms of the one-month mortality and the one-year mortality as primary outcomes.
Results: No difference was found regarding the age, comorbidities and vital findings between thrombolytic group and anticoagulation group. Only, the pulse value was higher in the thrombolytic group (p=0,032). After the treatment, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased significantly, and the pulse rate decreased significantly in the thrombolytic group. Improvement was only seen in the pulse rate in the anticoagulation group. There was no major bleeding in both groups. One-month mortality in thrombolytic group was found in 4 patients (6.7%), while that was observed in 6 patients (15.8%) treated with LMWH (p=0,18). One-year mortality rates were 13.7% and 26.3% respectively (p=0,17).
Conclusion: PaO2/FiO2 ratio improved significantly and rapidly in patients treated with thrombolysis. Even one-month and one-year mortality rates were reduced in thrombolytic group, but this difference was not found statistically significant.
Maturing conditions as a new factor influencing synergistic effect of Au-Ag within luminescent bimetallic nanocomposites
Authors: Svačinová Veronika , Pluháček Tomáš , Petr Martin , Šišková Karolína 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gold-silver synergism has been well documented in many scientific works already. Frequently, the ratio of Au : Ag in synthetic mixtures was varied to influence the extent of Au-Ag synergism. However, in our approach, a new step, maturing (under differing conditions) of the luminescent bimetallic samples entrapped in a protein, has been introduced and applied for the very first time. The maturing conditions involved either prolonged time (2.5h vs. 0 min) and/or elevated temperature (50°C vs. room temperature). The prolonged time of samples maturing progressively influenced Au-Ag synergism (documented by fluorescent quantum yield increase); while elevated temperature during samples maturing led rather to changes of the protein secondary structure (determined by circular dichroism) and stagnation of Au-Ag synergism effect. Importantly, the selected maturing conditions led to significant increase of nanocluster sizes and broadening of particle size distribution as evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results unravel that Au-Ag synergism can be tuned by setting appropriate maturing conditions of bimetallic nanoclusters embedded in the protein scaffold. Maturing conditions thus represent a new factor in the viewpoint of Au-Ag synergism extent.
Predicting Lung Cancer Development using a Multimodal Longitudinal Feature Analysis Framework
Authors: Xiao Ning , Han Jiahao , Qiang Yan , Zhao Juanjuan , Geng Yan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The prediction of pulmonary nodules being canceration is of vital importance to the diagnosis and treatment of early lungadenocarcinoma. However, most traditional research paradigms only focus on image data at a single point in time, whichmakes it easy to ignore the correlation of lung computer tomography (CT) at multiple points in time. Based on the the correlationbetween longitudinal images and medical characteristics of patients with pulmonary nodules, a multimodal feature analysisframework is proposed in this paper.The multimodal analysis framework systematically evaluates the risk of cancer progressionin patients by incorporating diverse sources of information, including radiological features, depth features, and relevant riskfactors within lung cancer imaging. The experiment result show that the accuracy of nodule canceration prediction reached89.15%, which proved the effectiveness of the method proposed in this study. This comprehensive framework holds greatpromise in contributing to more precise diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies in the context of lung cancer.
The Impact of Delay From Diagnosis to Surgeryin Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zouzoulas Dimitrios , Tsolakidis Dimitrios , Karalis Tilemachos , Aristotelidis Michalis , Topalidou Maria , Grimbizis Grigorios 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
When oncological waiting lists are prolonged, gynecological-oncology units are forced to delay operations, especially for endometrial cancer (EC) due to its good prognosis among gynecological cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of delay in the oncological outcomes of these patients.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of all women with EC treated in our clinic, 2012–2019. Delay was calculated as the time interval between histological diagnosis of endometrial biopsy and definite surgery. The cut-off point was set at 8 weeks. Patients’ characteristics, treatment options and follow-up information were collected. Primary outcomes were the need of adjuvant treatment and survival rates.
Results
259 patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on the 8-week cutoff point patients were divided into two groups: 119 underwent surgery up to 8-weeks (group A) and 140 over 8-weeks (group B). There was no statistical difference in the FIGO stage or the pre-operative CA125 level between the two groups. However, patients in group A were younger, with lower BMI and less comorbidities. Furthermore, patients in group B had a significantly higher probability of receiving pelvic radiation with or without brachytherapy (p = 0.0053). Concerning survival rates, there was a statistically difference in disease-free (p = 0.0312), but no difference was found in overall survival (p = 0.146).
Conclusion
Delaying EC surgery over 8 weeks may not have an impact on the mortality of the patients, but increases the need of adjuvant pelvic radiation and worsens recurrence rates. As a result, patients experience more side effects which subsequently had negative impact on their quality of life.
Pathogenic Spectrum and Risk Factors of Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritonitis: A Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: You Linshuang , Zhang Baoguo , Zhang Fan , Wang Jianwen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The present study aimed to explore the pathogenic spectrum and risk factors of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) in Yongzhou, Hunan, China. The clinical and epidemiological data on regular peritoneal dialysis (PD) between January 2016 and December 2020 in Yongzhou were collected for retrospective analysis. The related factors of peritonitis were evaluated by single-factor analysis, while risk factors of refractory PDAP were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.172/331 172 (51.9%) patients developed peritonitis. The risk factors of PDAP in PD patients included high C-reactive protein (CRP), low albumin, low hemoglobin (Hb), low educational level (junior high school or lower), preference of spicy food, irregular diet, low annual household income, unfavorable fluid exchange conditions, unstable employment (including working as a farmer), and unfavorable humidity conditions (P < 0.05). 63/172 (36.6%) PDAP patients were intractable cases with a pathogenic bacteria positive rate of 74.60% in the peritoneal dialysate cultures, and 109/172 patients were non-intractable cases with a pathogenic bacteria positive rate of 53.21%. Gram-positive bacteria (G+) were detected in most of the dialysate cultures, with Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) as the most common type, while Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common Gram-negative bacteria (G-). G + bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, while G- bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and amikacin. Lifestyle, educational level, and environmental factors are the major contributors to PDAP in PD patients. Fungal and multi-bacterial infections are the major causes of death; PD is stopped for such patients.
Pressure Ulcers and associated factors among adult patients admitted to The Surgical Wards in the Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Of The Northwest Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Habtamu , Zemene Workie , Tesfaye Mrs.Eleny 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a serious concern in patients with prolonged bedtime and present with common complications following surgery. It is one of the key performance indicators of the quality of nursing care provided to patients. Several studies have reported the prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ethiopia. There is a lack of evidence regarding its prevalence and associated factors in the current study area. The main objective of this study was to assess pressure ulcers and their associated factors among adult patients admitted to the surgical ward of the Amhara Regional Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia in,2023.
Method: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15 to June 19, 2023, in Northwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 480 patients. Descriptive data are presented as absolute numbers with percentages, and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical associations between associated factors and pressure ulcers. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results: A total of 49 pressure ulcers were detected among 480 patients. a prevalence rate of 10.2%, 95% CI (7.7, 12.9). Participants who had smoked (95% CI: AOR 7.46 (2.64,21.06), were bedridden (95% CI: AOR 3.92 (1.28, 11.66), had length of hospital stay of 21 days (95% CI: AOR 3.01 (1.13, 8.02), had pain (95% CI: AOR 3.20 (1.06, 7.51), or had friction and shear (95% CI: AOR 5.71 (1.91, 17.08), were found to be significant factors associated with pressure ulcers.
Conclusion: This study showed that a high percentage of PUs among patients had pressure ulcers. Smoking status, pain, bedridden status, friction and shear problems, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with pressure ulcers. Healthcare providers should educate patients about smoking risks, pain management, mattress installation, and linen care.
Statistical Analysis for Rating Scale in Clinical Trials
Authors: Shi Mengyao , Chow Shein-Chung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In psychiatry clinical trials, an instrument or questionnaire with rating scale is often used to access safety and efficacy of a test treatment under investigation. Statistical analysis based on the collected rating scale is then performed a determine whether there is an improvement in endpoint change from baseline mean scale. This approach needs on absolute change, however, may not actually reflect the performance of the test treatment under study because the change, which may be considered of clinically importance, may fall within the same category in terms of disease severity such as mild, moderate, and severe. In this case, it is suggested, in addition to absolute change approach, a categorical shift analysis be considered to determine whether the endpoint change from baseline has resulted in an improvement in categorical shift, in terms of disease severity shift e.g., from severe to mild or moderate. In this article, we explore the relationship between absolute change approach and categorical shift analysis based on rating scales for assessment of test treatment under study.