bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor presenting as a neck mass: A case report
Authors: Mihok Nicole A. , Cha Imok 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn unusual case study of a desmoplastic small round cell tumor presenting as a 3.5‐cm, firm, supraclavicular neck mass and diagnosed by fine‐needle aspirate biopsy in a 16‐yr‐old male is reported. Clinical, cytologic, and immunocytochemical findings are described. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features are discussed. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors of any site; the importance of ancillary studies in arriving at the correct diagnosis is emphasized. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:68–72, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic potential of nucleotides in the eye
Authors: Pintor Jesús , Peral Assumpta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdenine mononucleotides present the ability to produce changes in the intraocular pressure in New Zealand rabbits. Two main groups of compounds were found in terms of their behaviour—on the one hand, those that increased intraocular pressure, and on the other hand, those that reduced it. The hypotensive compounds showed a concentration–response behaviour, and were blocked by the P2 receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonic acid. Moreover, the hypotensive compounds were unaffected by the pretreatment with sympathetic antagonists but were completely abolished by the parasympathetic antagonists. This fact suggests the possibility of these P2 receptors to be present at the cholinergic terminal that control intraocular pressure. Adenine mononucleotides also were assayed in their ability to increase tear secretion rate. This study showed that tear secretion is stimulated via P2Y2 receptors. Drug Dev. Res. 52:190–195, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotection by A2A receptor antagonists
Authors: Stone Trevor W. , Jones Paul A. , Smith Robert A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractActivation of A2A receptors has been shown to protect neurons in the hippocampus from damage caused by excitotoxins or from cerebral insults such as ischaemia. For example, the A2A agonist 2‐p‐(2‐carboxyethyl)phenethylamino‐5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS 21680) protects the hippocampus at concentrations which are only partially blocked by the centrally acting adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (CPX), suggesting that protection is mediated largely by the A2A receptor. However, selective antagonists at the A2A receptor, such as 4‐(2‐[7‐amino‐2‐{2‐furyl}{1,2,4}triazolo{2,3‐a}{1,3,5}triazin‐5‐yl‐amino]ethyl)phenol (ZM 241385), also show protection against neuronal death produced by ischaemia or excitotoxicity. In addition, A2A receptor antagonists can reduce damage produced by combinations of subthreshold doses of the endogenous excitotoxin quinolinic acid and free radicals. The TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method has revealed that, after systemic kainic acid administration, staining was apparent in the CA1 region of the hippocampus only, even though damage was present in both the CA1 and CA3a areas. In animals injected intrahippocampally, both apoptosis and damage were limited to the CA3 region. Intrahippocampal co‐injection of kainate together with ZM 241385 did not induce apoptosis even though damage was apparent. This suggests that the adenosine A2A receptor may play a role in the route by which cells die during excitotoxicity. Overall, A2A receptor antagonists appear to be promising candidates as new drugs for the prevention of neuronal damage and death in the central nervous system. Drug Dev. Res. 52:323–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The lesion methodology: Contrasting views from adult and child studies
Authors: Moses Pamela , Stiles Joan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA traditional approach for examining brain–behavior relations has been the lesion method. This method assumes a direct correspondence between the cognitive process compromised and the site of lesion. Historically, studies with adults have used this framework to map brain functions. In contrast, studies of children with early injury have addressed quite different issues. Developmental animal lesion studies and pediatric neuropsychology studies have focused on the level of plasticity exhibited following early injury. Resilency in behavioral development has suggested change in the underlying neural substrate. A new set of studies has applied converging, MRI‐based methods to examine anatomical and functional development in intact brain regions following early injury and compared these data with behavioral outcomes on the same children. The findings reveal an interaction between early injury and normal mechanisms of development, which manifest as atypical behavioral, structural, and functional development. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 266–277, 2002. DOI 10.1002/dev.10031
Attachment and sleep: A study of night waking in 12‐month‐old infants
Authors: Scher Anat 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSleep regulation was examined from a mother–child relational perspective. Although the link between sleep and attachment has been previously discussed, empirical support is rather limited. This report, which is a part of a longitudinal investigation of sleep in infancy, examines the association between the child's sleep pattern and mother–infant attachment in 94 mother–infant dyads. At 12 months each dyad participated in the Strange Situation procedure; 77% were securely attached. Mothers' description of the infant's fussiness was not found to predict the attachment pattern, but was associated with the sleep habits. It was found that 55% of the secure and 60% of the ambivalent children were described as night wakers. To a sub‐group of 37 infants, a sleep monitor (actigraph) was provided for two nights' recordings. The frequency of the objective awakenings was higher than what mothers reported but similar for the secure and insecure infants. The findings confirm that night waking at the end of the first year is a common developmental phenomenon. Among this group of non‐risk infants, sleep characteristics were only marginally associated with the quality of the child's attachment relationship. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 274–285, 2001
Adipose tissue: A vital in vivo role in mammary gland development but not differentiation
Authors: Couldrey Christine , Moitra Jaideep , Vinson Charles , Anver Miriam , Nagashima Kunio , Green Jeffrey 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDevelopment and differentiation of the mammary gland occurs by means of critical stromal‐epithelial interactions. Although many studies have attempted to understand these complex interactions, it has been difficult to demonstrate the essential role of adipose tissue in the development and function of the mammary gland. By using the A‐ZIP/F‐1 transgenic mice lacking in white adipose tissue (WAT), we have studied the role of adipocytes in mammary gland development and differentiation. In the absence of WAT, rudimentary mammary anlagen form but are unable to grow and branch normally, resulting in a few, short, severely distended ducts. However, during pregnancy, a tremendous amount of epithelial cell division and alveolar cell formation occurs even in the absence of adipocytes, illustrating that adipose tissue is not required for mammary gland differentiation. Mammary gland transplantation revealed that epithelial cells from these transgenic mice possess the potential for normal growth and differentiation when placed into a normal stromal environment. These experiments clearly demonstrate that the absence of adipocytes in the mammary gland results in disruption of stromal‐epithelial interactions that prevent normal mammary gland development. The rudimentary epithelial anlage, however, contain mammary stem cells, which are fully capable of alveolar differentiation. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induced effects on body sway by the synchronous presentation of a visual wide‐field stimulus with an auditory stimulus
Authors: Shimizu Toshihiro , Yano Sumio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses the induced effect on the body sway when an iteratively rotating visual wide‐field stimulus and an auditory stimulus with a moving sound image are presented simultaneously with synchronization. When the sound image is iteratively rotated in phase relative to the iteratively rotating visual stimulus, the induced effect on the body sway increases when the visual angle of the visual stimulus is increased, compared to the case in which the auditory stimulus is presented in the opposite phase. When the visual angle of the visual stimulus is reduced, on the other hand, there is no difference in the induced effects between the in‐phase and opposite‐phase conditions. These results suggest that when the visual and auditory stimuli are simultaneously presented, the induced effects of the visual and auditory stimuli on body sway are not simply added, but that there is an interaction between the two effects. It is suggested that the induced effect due to the interaction between the visual and auditory stimuli depends on the visual angle of the visual stimulus, and is enhanced by the wider field visual stimulus. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(10): 31–39, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1123
Point mutations induced by 1,2‐epoxy‐3‐butene N1 deoxyinosine adducts
Authors: Rodriguez David A. , Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Ward Jonathan B. , Harris Constance M. , Harris Thomas M. , Lloyd R. Stephen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe National Toxicology Program has recently classified 1,3‐butadiene (BD) as a human carcinogen. BD is metabolized to the intermediates 1,2‐epoxy‐3‐butene (EB), 1,2:3,4‐diepoxybutane (DEB), and 1,2‐dihydroxy‐3,4‐epoxybutane. All three metabolites have been implicated in producing specific types of DNA damage and as genotoxic agents in mice, rat, and human cells. This study has focused on EB‐induced N1 deoxyinosine lesions that are formed by deamination of deoxyadenosine following reaction of the epoxide at the N1 position. The R and S stereoisomers of this lesion were incorporated site‐specifically within the context of an 11‐mer oligodeoxynucleotide, incorporated into M13mp7L2 single‐stranded DNA, and transfected into E. coli. Both stereoisomers modestly reduced plaque‐forming ability, indicating that neither lesion presents a base modification that cannot be bypassed. The resulting plaques were assessed for point mutations using differential hybridization and DNA sequence analyses. The overall mutagenic spectrum revealed that the N1 adducts were highly mutagenic (∼90% per replication cycle), causing a predominance of A → G transitions. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:292–296, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells by estrogens and chemical carcinogens
Authors: Russo Jose , Tahin Quivo , Lareef M. Hasan , Hu Yun‐Fu , Russo Irma H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSporadic breast cancer, the most common cancer diagnosed in American and Northern European women, is gradually increasing in incidence in most Western countries. Prevention would be the most efficient way of eradicating this disease. This goal, however, cannot be accomplished until the specific agent(s) or mechanisms that initiate the neoplastic process are identified. Experimental studies have demonstrated that mammary cancer is a hormone‐dependent multistep process that can be induced by a variety of compounds and mechanisms, that is, hormones, chemicals, radiation, and viruses, in addition to or in combination with genetic factors. Although estrogens have been shown to play a central role in breast cancer development, their carcinogenicity on human breast epithelial cells (HBECs) has not yet been clearly demonstrated. Breast cancer initiates in the undifferentiated lobules type 1, which are composed of three cell types: highly proliferating cells that are estrogen‐receptor negative (ER−), nonproliferating cells that are ER positive (ER+), and very few (<1%) ER+ cells that proliferate. Interestingly, endogenous 17β‐estradiol (E2) is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme isoforms CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which also activate benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogen contained in cigarette smoke. We postulate that if estrogens are carcinogenic in HBECs, they should induce the same transformation phenotypes induced by chemical carcinogens and ultimately genomic changes observed in spontaneously developing primary breast cancers. To test this hypothesis we compared the transforming potential of E2 on the HBEC MCF‐10F with that of B[a]P. Both E2 and B[a]P induced anchorage‐independent growth, colony formation in agar methocel, and loss of ductulogenic capacity in collagen gel, all parameters indicative of cell transformation. In addition, the DNA of E2‐transformed cells expressed LOH in chromosome 11 at 11q23.3, 11q24.2–q25, and LOH at 13q12–q13. B[a]P‐induced cell transformation was also associated with LOH at 13q12–q13 and at 17p13.2. The relevance of these findings is highlighted by the observation that E2‐ and B[a]P‐induced genomic alterations in the same loci found in ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:254–263, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammary gland carcinogenesis by food‐derived heterocyclic amines: Metabolism and additional factors influencing carcinogenesis by 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP)
Authors: Snyderwine Elizabeth G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are a family of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds found in cooked meats. Several HCAs are mammary gland carcinogens in rats. Of these compounds, 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) is the major one present in the human diet. This report reviews the studies on rat mammary gland carcinogenesis by HCAs; discusses what is currently known regarding mechanisms of mammary gland carcinogenesis of PhIP, especially the significance of metabolic processing; and further highlights the evidence for the possible role of PhIP in human breast cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:165–170, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotoxic effects of carbon black particles, diesel exhaust particles, and urban air particulates and their extracts on a human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) and a human monocytic cell line (THP‐1)
Authors: Don Porto Carero A. , Hoet P.H.M. , Verschaeve L. , Schoeters G. , Nemery B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe possible genotoxicity of small particulate matter has been under investigation for the last 10 years. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are considered as “probably carcinogenic” (IARC group 2A) and a number of studies show genotoxic effects of urban particulate matter (UPM). Carbon black (CB) is carcinogenic in rats. In this study the cytotoxic and genotoxic potency of these three particle types was investigated by exposing human cells (A549 and THP‐1 cell lines) in vitro to CB, DEP (SRM 1650, NIST), and UPM (SRM 1648, NIST) for 48 hr. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the AlamarBlue assay, whereas genotoxicity was assessed using the single‐cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The particles were characterized with regard to their mean diameter in tissue culture medium (CB 100 nm, DEP 400 nm, UPM 2 μm), their total carbon content (CB 99%, DEP 85%, UPM 15%), and their acid‐soluble metal composition (UPM ≫ CB ∼ DEP). The concentrations ranged from 16 ng/ml to 16 μg/ml for cytotoxicity tests and from 16 ng/ml to 1.6 μg/ml for genotoxicity tests. In both assays, paraquat was used as a reference chemical. The CB, DEP, and UPM particles showed no significant cytotoxicity. However, all three particles were able to cause significant DNA damage, although to a different extent in the two cell lines. The genotoxicity of washed particles and dichloromethane extracts was also investigated. In THP‐1 cells CB washed particles and DEP extracts caused significant DNA damage. This difference in effect may be related to differences in size, structure, and composition of the particles. These results suggest that CB, DEP, and UPM are able to cause DNA damage and, therefore, may contribute to the causation of lung cancer. More detailed studies on influence of size, structure, and composition of the particles are needed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:155–163, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of earthquake ground motions on fragility curves of highway bridge piers based on numerical simulation
Authors: Karim Kazi R. , Yamazaki Fumio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFragility curves express the probability of structural damage due to earthquakes as a function of ground motion indices, e.g., PGA, PGV. Based on the actual damage data of highway bridges from the 1995 Hyogoken‐Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake, a set of empirical fragility curves was constructed. However, the type of structure, structural performance (static and dynamic) and variation of input ground motion were not considered to construct the empirical fragility curves. In this study, an analytical approach was adopted to construct fragility curves for highway bridge piers of specific bridges. A typical bridge structure was considered and its piers were designed according to the seismic design codes in Japan. Using the strong motion records from Japan and the United States, non‐linear dynamic response analyses were performed, and the damage indices for the bridge piers were obtained. Using the damage indices and ground motion indices, fragility curves for the bridge piers were constructed assuming a lognormal distribution. The analytical fragility curves were compared with the empirical ones. The proposed approach may be used in constructing the fragility curves for highway bridge structures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New observations on the geomorphology and origins of Mountain Lake, Virginia
Authors: Cawley Jon C. , Parker Bruce C. , Perren Lee J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMountain Lake is the only natural lake of significance in the unglaciated southern Appalachian Highlands. It is located near the summit of Salt Pond Mountain, Giles County Virginia, at an elevation of 1177 m. It is underlain by Ordovician and Silurian non‐calcareous shale and sandstone of the Martinsburg, Juniata and Clinch formations. Historical (250 years) and sediment (6000 years) records suggest that the size of the lake has varied periodically. In the 1930s lake origin was proposed as due to valley damming by a lateral landslide (Hutchinson and Pickford, 1932) or damming by scree (Sharp, 1933). A later theory modified the landslide hypothesis to the primarily vertical collapse of a canyon feature in the Clinch (Parker et al., 1975). Fracture trace analysis now reveals a regional lineation feature associated with the lake. This feature is present surficially both downgradient from the lake to the northwest, and upgradient to the southeast. Sonar bathymetry and diver reconnaissance show it expressed as a (relatively sediment‐free) narrow open crevice in the deepest (33 m) portion of the lake, probably a fault. Hydrologic observation and resistivity suggest preferential water movement along this fracture, as well as leakage directly from the lake. The present study suggests conduit erosion within this feature and periodic vertical downsettling of overlying Clinch material as the primary mechanism of lake origin and water‐level fluctuations through time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trapping of aeolian sediments and build‐up of the ice cover of a dry‐based Antarctic lake
Authors: Sleewaegen S. , Lorrain R. , Offer Z. , Azmon E. , Fitzsimons S. , Souchez R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAmong the perennially frozen lakes of the Dry Valleys of South Victoria Land (Antarctica), some are dry‐based, i.e. frozen to the bottom. One of these is studied here by a multiparametric investigation (isotopic composition in δD and δ18O, ions, gas and ice texture analyses). A sediment layer about 10 cm thick appearing at a depth of 3·5 m is also studied by grain size, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses. The information retrieved indicates that this ice‐block lake results from a build‐up in two steps and explains how aeolian sediments were included as a layer into the ice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition of leaf and flower essential oil of Lantana camara from India
Authors: Khan M. , Srivastava S. K. , Syamasundar K. V. , Singh M. , Naqvi A. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe chemical composition of leaves and flowers essential oils of Lantana camara from India were analysed by GC and GC–MS, which resulted in the identification of 71 and 64 constituents, representing 99.0% and 97.0% of the oils, respectively. The major constituents in the leaf oil were germacrene‐D (20.5%), γ‐elemene (10.3%), β‐caryophyllene (9.4%), β‐elemene (7.3%), α‐copaene (5.0%) and α‐cadinene (3.3%), while the major constituents in the flower oil were β‐elemene (14.5%), germacrene‐D (10.6%), α‐copaene (10.7%), α‐cadinene (7.2%), β‐caryophyllene (7.0%) and γ‐elemene (6.8%). A comparison with the chemical composition of L. camara oils of different origin showed that our oils were significantly different from others with respect to their major constituents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computing singular solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations with the Chebyshev‐collocation method
Authors: Botella O. , Peyret R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe solution of fluid flow problems exhibits a singular behaviour when the conditions imposed on the boundary display some discontinuities or change in type. A treatment of these singularities has to be considered in order to preserve the accuracy of high‐order methods, such as spectral methods. The present work concerns the computation of a singular solution of the Navier–Stokes equations using the Chebyshev‐collocation method. A singularity subtraction technique is employed, which amounts to computing a smooth solution thanks to the subtraction of the leading part of the singular solution. The latter is determined from an asymptotic expansion of the solution near the singular points. In the case of non‐homogeneous boundary conditions, where the leading terms of the expansion are completely determined by the local analysis, the high accuracy of the method is assessed on both steady and unsteady lid‐driven cavity flows. An extension of this technique suitable for homogenous boundary conditions is developed for the injection of fluid into a channel. The ability of the method to compute high‐Reynolds number flows is demonstrated on a piston‐driven two‐dimensional flow. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring and forecasting S&P 500 index‐futures volatility using high‐frequency data
Authors: Martens Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the 24‐hr foreign exchange market, Andersen and Bollerslev measure and forecast volatility using
intraday returns rather than daily returns. Trading in equity markets only occurs during part of the day, and
volatility during nontrading hours may differ from the volatility during trading hours. This paper compares
various measures and forecasts of volatility in equity markets. In the absence of overnight trading it is shown
that the daily volatility is best measured by the sum of intraday squared 5‐min returns,
excluding the overnight return. In the absence of overnight trading, the best daily forecast of
volatility is produced by modeling overnight volatility differently from intraday volatility. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:497–518, 2002