bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis model with dead-zone operators for a novel pouch-type actuator
Authors: Ma Zhuo , Wang Yingxue , Zheng Rencheng , Liu Haitao , Liu Jianbin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pouch-type actuators have recently garnered significant interest and are increasingly utilized in diverse fields, including soft wearable robotics and prosthetics. This is largely due to their lightweight, high output force, and low cost. However, the inherent hysteresis behavior markedly affects the stability and force control of pouch-type driven systems. This study proposes a modified generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii (MGPI) model, which includes generalized play operators, the tangent envelope function, and one-sided dead-zone operators, to describe the asymmetric and non-convex hysteresis characteristics of pouch-type actuators. Compared to a classical Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model incorporating one-sided dead-zone functions, the MGPI model exhibits smaller relative errors at six different air pressures, demonstrating its capability to accurately describe asymmetric and non-convex hysteresis curves. Subsequently, the MGPI hysteresis model is integrated with displacement sensing technology to establish a load compensation control system for maintaining human posture. Four healthy subjects are recruited to conduct a 1 kg load compensation test, achieving efficiencies of 85.84%, 84.92%, 83.63%, and 68.86%, respectively.
Trajectorial dynamics of English in Rwanda
Authors: Isingoma Bebwa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to uncover the dynamics of the evolution of English in Rwanda, using Schneider's (2007) Dynamic Model. Even though Rwanda has had no history of British colonial rule or that of any other Anglophone country, it currently presents a situation of a non-postcolonial environment where English plays a preponderant role on a par with many dimensions of the status of English in Outer Circle counties such as Uganda or Ghana. Despite the fact that the Dynamic Model was primarily meant to account for the evolution of English in postcolonial environments, its applicability (with a few caveats) to the current linguistic situation in Rwanda provides a robust articulation of the trajectorial development of English in this country.
Understanding the meanings of ambiguous noun-noun compounds
Authors: Hamada Megumi , Alharbi Faisal Hamad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated whether nonnative speakers of English would be able to identify the meanings of ambiguous English noun-noun compounds, focusing on semantic relation between the modifier and head. English noun-noun compounds with varying degrees of ambiguity were selected through an analysis of contexts from COCA. The participants were two groups of college students, who were natives peakers of Arabic (n = 20) and Chinese (n = 20). The participants thought-aloud the meanings (more common vs. less common) of the English noun-noun compounds shown in the contexts. The overall accuracy was comparable between the groups, but by-item accuracy showed some differences in the meanings the groups identified more accurately.
Cross-language interactions of phonetic and phonological processes
Authors: Coetzee Andries W. , Henriksen Nicholas , García-Amaya Lorenzo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores how long-term bilingualism affects the production of intervocalic plosive consonants (/p t k b d ɡ/) in the speech of Afrikaans–Spanish bilinguals from Patagonia, Argentina. We performed sociolinguistic interviews with three speaker groups: L1-Afrikaans/L2-Spanish bilinguals (14 speakers, interviewed separately in Spanish and Afrikaans), L1-Spanish comparison speakers from Patagonia (10 speakers), and L1-Afrikaans comparison speakers from South Africa (11 speakers). We analyzed the speech data using three acoustic measures (constriction duration, relative intensity, and percent voicing) to examine the degree of lenition of the target plosives. The results demonstrate a complex interplay of factors that bring about cross-language influence, which varies based on the target phoneme and phonetic measure. Notably, the findings suggest that phenomena that are gradient phonetic processes in both languages of bilingual speakers (such as the lenition of voiceless plosives in Spanish and Afrikaans) pattern differently than phenomena that are phonological in one language but phonetic in the other (such as lenition of voiced plosives in Spanish versus Afrikaans).
Assessing accent anxiety: A measure of foreign English speakers’ concerns about their accents
Authors: Xue Qingyao , Noels Kimberly 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Additional language speakers (ALSs) often experience anxiety due to challenges posed by their nonstandard pronunciation. Building on these insights, this paper introduces an instrument, the Accent Anxiety Scale (AAS), specifically designed to assess three sources of anxiety that are experienced by ALSs, including (a) apprehension about negative evaluations from other individuals due to their distinctive speech style, (b) concerns about rejection from the target language community because of their “foreign” pronunciation, and (c) anxieties over potential communication hurdles attributed to the intelligibility of their pronunciation. We evaluated the psychometric robustness of the AAS by analyzing data from a total of 474 immigrant and international student ALSs at a predominantly English-speaking Canadian university. Study 1 focused on immigrants (N = 203) and employed exploratory factor and correlational analyses to isolate a concise number of internally consistent and valid items for each subscale. Study 2 extended these analyses to international students (N = 153) and employed confirmatory factor and correlation analyses to further validate the AAS in this population. Study 3 examined international students (N = 118) at two time points to establish the AAS’s temporal stability. These studies yielded robust psychometric evidence for the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the AAS. The findings not only support the use of the AAS as a research instrument but also offer implications for pedagogical strategies aimed at alleviating ALSs’ accent anxiety.
The yield of tuberculosis contact investigation in São Paulo, Brazil: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: da Silva José Mário Nunes , Diaz-Quijano Fredi Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The strategy of tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation is essential for enhancing disease detection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the yield of contact investigation for new TB cases, estimate the prevalence of TB, and identify characteristics of index cases associated with infection among contacts of new cases notified between 2010 and 2020 in São Paulo, Brazil. Out of 186466 index TB cases, 131055 (70.3%) underwent contact investigation. A total of 652286 contacts were screened, of which 451704 (69.2%) were examined. Of these, 12243 were diagnosed with active TB (yield of 1.9%), resulting in a number needed to screen of 53 and a number needed to test of 37 to identify one new TB case. The weighted prevalence for the total contacts screened was 2.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7%–2.9%), suggesting underreporting of 6021 (95% CI: 5269–6673) cases. The likelihood of TB diagnosis was higher among contacts of cases identified through active case-finding, abnormal chest X-ray, pulmonary TB, or drug resistance, as well as among children, adults, women, individuals in socially vulnerable situations, and those with underlying clinical conditions. The study highlights significant TB underreporting among contacts, recommending strengthened contact investigation to promptly identify and treat new cases.
Systemic venous collaterals between Glenn and Fontan: prevalence, therapy, and impact on outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Cong Michelle Bao Hoa , Schaeffer Thibault , Osawa Takuya , Palm Jonas , Niedermaier Carolin , Piber Nicole , Matsubara Muneaki , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Georgiev Stanimir , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate veno-venous collaterals between bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and total cavopulmonary connection.

Methods:
Patients who underwent staged total cavopulmonary connection between 1995 and 2022 were reviewed. Veno-venous collaterals between bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and total cavopulmonary connection were depicted using angiograms. The prevalence of veno-venous collaterals, the risks for the development of veno-venous collaterals, and the impact of veno-venous collaterals on outcomes were analysed.

Results:
In total, 586 patients were included. Veno-venous collaterals were found in 72 (12.3%) patients. Majority of veno-venous collaterals originated from the superior caval vein and drained into the inferior caval vein. Before bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, mean pulmonary artery pressure (16.3 vs. 14.5 mmHg, p = 0.018), and trans-pulmonary gradient (9.5 vs. 8.0 mmHg, p = 0.030) were higher in patients with veno-venous collaterals compared to those without. Veno-venous collaterals intervention was performed in 32 (5.5%) patients, in a median of 29 (16–152) days after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. Before total cavopulmonary connection, pulmonary artery pressure (10.3 vs. 9.4 mmHg, p = 0.015) and ventricular end-diastolic pressure (8.4 vs. 7.6 mmHg, p = 0.035) were higher, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2, 80.6 vs. 82.6 %, p = 0.018) was lower in patients with veno-venous collaterals compared to those without. More palliations before total cavopulmonary connection (p < 0.001, odds ratio: 1.689) were an independent risk for the development of veno-venous collaterals. Veno-venous collaterals did not affect survival after total cavopulmonary connection (92.8 vs. 92.7% at 10 years, p = 0.600).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of veno-venous collaterals between bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and total cavopulmonary connection was 12%. Veno-venous collaterals may be induced by the elevated pulmonary artery pressure and trans-pulmonary gradient, and also by more previous palliations. However, they had no impact on clinical outcomes following total cavopulmonary connection.
PPA2-associated cardiac arrest survivor
Authors: McGinn Claire , Agouba Rihab , O’Sullivan Siobhan , Donnelly Deirdre , Casey Frank 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBiallelic pathogenic variants in the inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 (PPA2) gene are a rare but established cause of sudden infant death, which may be precipitated by a pyrexial or viral illness. It has also been associated with sudden death secondary to alcohol ingestion in young adults. We describe the case of a thirteen-month-old female who presented following out-of- hospital cardiac arrest and was subsequently diagnosed with compound, heterozygous pathogenic variants of PPA2. She survived this episode and made excellent neurological recovery despite her prolonged out-of-hospital resuscitation. This case describes her initial presentation, consideration of PPA2-related cardiac arrest in the differential diagnosis, and the subsequent secondary preventative strategies. These included insertion of an implantable cardiac defibrillator, avoidance of alcohol in her medication preparations and administration of childhood vaccinations in a hospital environment due to risk of pyrexia-induced arrhythmias.
Factors associated with caregiver responsive and non-responsive feeding styles in Clark County, Nevada
Authors: Castelo Saragosa Amanda , Moonie Sheniz , Johansen Christopher , Crittenden Alyssa N , Buccini Gabriela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Early childhood obesity (ECO) significantly increased in the USA. ECO interventions lack focus on the prevention of ECO for infants under 2. Caregiver’s feeding styles (CFS) have been shown to affect ECO development, but studies on CFS are limited. This study examined socio-ecological factors associated with CFS for infants under 2 in Nevada.

Design:
This cross-sectional study utilising a survey examined the five CFS constructs: responsive (RP), non-responsive (NRP) Laissez-Faire, NRP pressuring, NRP restrictive and NRP indulgent. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression following a hierarchical modelling approach were used to determine the associations between the CFS constructs and socio-ecological factors (e.g. household, maternal mental health and infant feeding).

Setting:
Clark County, Nevada.

Participants:
304 caregivers with infants under 2.

Results:
NRP-feeding styles were associated with low-income households (e.g. NRP restrictive (adjusted OR (AOR) = 2·60, 95 % CI (1·01, 6·71))), water insecurity (e.g. NRP pressuring (AOR = 2·46, 95 % CI (1·00, 6·06)), young mothers (e.g. NRP-Laissez-Faire (AOR = 2·39, 95 % CI (1·00, 5·84))), lower maternal education (e.g. RP (AOR = 0·58, 95 % CI (0·33, 1·00))), mild risk for depression (e.g. NRP restrictive (AOR = 0·50, 95 % CI (0·28, 0·90))) and a moderate to severe risk for anxiety (e.g. NRP pressuring (AOR = 0·32, 95 % CI (0·14, 0·74))). There were no associations between infant-feeding factors and RP feeding.

Conclusion:
Our study identified socio-ecological factors associated with dissimilarities in CFS in Nevada. These findings can be used to tailor educational approaches to address disparities in ECO.
Addressing Competitiveness Concerns of EU exporters with Industrial Policy: The Role of Innovation Support
Authors: Jakob Michael , Mehling Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the recent passage of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), the free allocation of emission permits under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) that currently acts as a safeguard against emissions leakage and industrial relocation will progressively be phased out. Because the CBAM only covers imports, however, European goods exported into global markets stand to become more vulnerable to emissions leakage. Different policy options have been discussed to counter such export-related leakage, but they variously face concerns regarding their environmental, political, and legal implications. We describe and evaluate the three most important policy options based on their potential to reduce export-related leakage, support the net-zero transformation in Europe as well as globally, ensure conformity with international trade law, secure administrative feasibility, and foster political acceptance by affected trade partners. While no single option outperforms its alternatives on all criteria, our analysis identifies targeted innovation support as a promising option because it minimizes legal and political risks while also offering climate benefits beyond leakage protection for European industry. We then discuss the sectors that are most likely to require innovation support, the policy instruments that could serve to operationalize such support, and potential funding sources. We conclude with guiding principles for technology support measures, reflecting on the implications of the current surge in industrial policy within Europe and beyond.
A Generalized Framework to Describe Unimodal and Bimodal Soil Hydraulic Properties Over Full Water Saturation Range
Authors: Wang Yunquan , Ma Rui , Vereecken Harry 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSoil hydraulic properties (SHPs) are impacted by various mechanisms such as soil structure, capillarity, and adsorption forces, often showing a bimodal shape. Developing soil hydraulic models (SHMs) that describe SHPs over the entire saturation range often involves balancing the representation of multiple processes while minimizing the number of free‐fitted parameters. Existing SHMs rarely capture bimodal SHPs across the full moisture range or introduce a higher number of free‐fitted parameters. In this study, we propose a novel framework to describe SHPs over the entire moisture range, accounting for the effects of soil structure, capillarity, adsorption forces, and vapor diffusion. In its four free‐fitted parameters form, the proposed models can capture unimodal soil water retention curves and bimodal hydraulic conductivity curves (HCC). This model is well‐suited for situations where small changes in water content near saturation are no longer detectable via measured SWRC, yet soil structure still causes a sharp decline in HCC near saturation. With one additional free‐fitted parameter, the proposed models can capture both bimodal SWRC and HCC. Testing with 355 and 52 soil samples from two public datasets demonstrated that the proposed models performed exceptionally well in describing SHPs across the entire moisture range. The reported lowest root‐mean‐square error values were 0.005 and 0.009 cm3 cm−3 for fitting SWRCs, and 0.465 and 0.666 for predicting HCCs, respectively. Due to the minimal introduction of free‐fitted parameters, the proposed framework showed significant application potential.
Advancing the genetic engineering toolbox by combining AsCas12a knock-in mice with ultra-compact screening
Authors: Jin Wei , Deng Yexuan , La Marca John E. , Lelliott Emily J. , Diepstraten Sarah T. , König Christina , Tai Lin , Snetkova Valentina , Dorighi Kristel M. , Hoberecht Luke , Hedditch Millicent G. , Whelan Lauren , Healey Geraldine , Fayle Dan , Lau Kieran , Potts Margaret A. , Chen Moore Z. , Johnston Angus P. R. , Liao Yang , Shi Wei , Kueh Andrew J. , Haley Benjamin , Fortin Jean-Philippe , Herold Marco J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cas12a is a next-generation gene editing tool that enables multiplexed gene targeting. Here, we present a mouse model that constitutively expresses enhanced Acidaminococcus sp. Cas12a (enAsCas12a) linked to an mCherry fluorescent reporter. We demonstrate efficient single and multiplexed gene editing in vitro, using primary and transformed cells from enAsCas12a mice. We further demonstrate successful in vivo gene editing, using normal and cancer-prone enAsCas12a stem cells to reconstitute the haematopoietic system of wild-type mice. We also present compact, genome-wide Cas12a knockout libraries, with four crRNAs per gene encoded across one (Scherzo) or two (Menuetto) vectors, and demonstrate the utility of these libraries across methodologies: in vitro enrichment and drop-out screening in lymphoma cells and immortalised fibroblasts, respectively, and in vivo screens to identify lymphoma-driving events. Finally, we demonstrate CRISPR multiplexing via simultaneous gene knockout (via Cas12a) and activation (via dCas9-SAM) using primary T cells and fibroblasts. Our enAsCas12a mouse and accompanying crRNA libraries enhance genome engineering capabilities and complement current CRISPR technologies.
Machine learning photodynamics decode multiple singlet fission channels in pentacene crystal
Authors: Li Zhendong , Hernández Federico J. , Salguero Christian , Lopez Steven A. , Crespo-Otero Rachel , Li Jingbai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Crystalline pentacene is a model solid-state light-harvesting material because its quantum efficiencies exceed 100% via ultrafast singlet fission. The singlet fission mechanism in pentacene crystals is disputed due to insufficient electronic information in time-resolved experiments and intractable quantum mechanical calculations for simulating realistic crystal dynamics. Here we combine a multiscale multiconfigurational approach and machine learning photodynamics to understand competing singlet fission mechanisms in crystalline pentacene. Our simulations reveal coexisting charge-transfer-mediated and coherent mechanisms via the competing channels in the herringbone and parallel dimers. The predicted singlet fission time constants (61 and 33 fs) are in excellent agreement with experiments (78 and 35 fs). The trajectories highlight the essential role of intermolecular stretching between monomers in generating the multi-exciton state and explain the anisotropic phenomenon. The machine-learning-photodynamics resolved the elusive interplay between electronic structure and vibrational relations, enabling fully atomistic excited-state dynamics with multiconfigurational quantum mechanical quality for crystalline pentacene.
Global water gaps under future warming levels
Authors: Rosa Lorenzo , Sangiorgio Matteo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the impacts of climate change on water resources is crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies. We quantify “water gaps”, or unsustainable water use – the shortfall where water demand exceeds supply, resulting in scarcity. We quantify baseline and future water gaps using a multi-model analysis that incorporates two plausible future warming scenarios. The baseline global water gap stands at 457.9 km3/yr, with projections indicating an increase of 26.5 km3/yr (+5.8%) and 67.4 km3/yr (+14.7%) under 1.5 °C and 3 °C warming scenarios, respectively. These projections highlight the uneven impact of warming levels on water gaps, emphasizing the need for continued climate change mitigation to alleviate stress on water resources. Our results also underscore the unequal adaptation needs across countries and basins, influenced by varying warming scenarios, with important regional differences and model variability complicating future projections. Robust water management strategies are needed to tackle the escalating water scarcity caused by global warming.
Downscaled gridded global dataset for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita PPP over 1990–2022
Authors: Kummu Matti , Kosonen Maria , Masoumzadeh Sayyar Sina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a comprehensive gridded GDP per capita dataset downscaled to the admin 2 level (43,501 units) covering 1990–2022. It updates existing outdated datasets, which use reported subnational data only up to 2010. Our dataset, which is based on reported subnational GDP per capita data from 89 countries and 2,708 administrative units, employs various novel methods for extrapolation and downscaling. Downscaling with machine learning algorithms showed high performance (R2 = 0.79 for cross-validation, R2 = 0.80 for the test dataset) and accuracy against reported datasets (Pearson R = 0.88). The dataset includes reported and downscaled annual data (1990–2022) for three administrative levels: 0 (national; reported data for 237 administrative units), 1 (provincial; reported data for 2,708 administrative units for 89 countries), and 2 (municipality; downscaled data for 43,501 administrative units). The dataset has a higher spatial resolution and wider temporal range than the existing data do and will thus contribute to global or regional spatial analyses such as socioenvironmental modelling and economic resilience evaluation. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10976733.