bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence in bovine eosinophils and neutrophils: Differential increase of intracellular and extracellular chemiluminescence induced by soluble stimulants
Authors: Freiburghaus Jürg , Jörg Andreas , Müller Thomas 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLuminol chemiluminescence was used to detect activation of the respiratory burst oxidase in bovine eosinophils and neutrophils. Extracellular and intracellular chemiluminescence were measured by supplementing the medium with horseradish peroxidase and catalase, respectively. Pure bovine eosinophils (> 90%), maximally stimulated with 1 nmol/l phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) showed ten times more extracellular luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence (CL) than maximally stimulated pure bovine neutrophils (> 96%). Extracellular CL from eosinophils was preferably induced over intracellular CL by both PMA (27‐fold difference) and platelet‐activating factor (PAF) at 2 μmol/l (9‐fold difference), but not by calcium ionophore A23187 (15 μmol/l).Time course information was used in the following experiments to distinguish between the mode of action of various stimulants. A progressively longer lag period was observed in eosinophil suspensions treated with decreasing doses of PMA, whereas platelet‐activating factor induced a dose‐dependent increase in the maximum response with no change in time to peak CL. The time course of extracellular CL was almost identical to intracellular CL for all stimulants tested, providing no evidence to suggest that extracellular CL stems from a different enzyme system than intracellular CL.Eosinophils generated most extracellular CL when stimulated with PMA, whereas neutrophils were most efficiently stimulated with A23187, which induced intracellular CL in eosinophils as well as in neutrophils. This accords with the greater tendency of neutrophils to ingest and kill microorganisms, whereas eosinophils are armed to destroy large extracellular targets.
Bilirubin chemiluminescence induced by the attack of active oxygen species
Authors: Watanabe Haruo , Nagoshi Toshiyuki , Agatsuma Shinichi , Kobayashi Masaki , Inaba Humio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUltraweak chemiluminescence (CL) from bilirubin occurs in the presence of triplet oxygen and is stimulated by the addition of aldehydes. Active oxygen species also enhance bilirubin CL, in the absence of aldehydes. An inhibitory effect of active oxygen scavengers on the CL indicated that active oxygens generated from the decomposition of added hydrogen peroxide or from the xanthine‐xanthine oxidase reaction contributed to the CL from bilirubin molecules. However, the contribution of singlet oxygen to the CL disappeared in the presence of formaldehyde. This suggested that the scission of tetrapyrrole bonds via a dioxetane intermediate or the production of triplet carbonyls from the oxidation of aldehydes by singlet oxygen was not involved in the CL, at least in the presence of formaldehyde. The spectrum of CL induced by the generation of active oxygen was the same as that from the aldehyde‐enhanced CL reaction. We propose that the formation of a hydroperoxide (and/or hydroxide) bilirubin intermediate, but not a dioxetane, may be involved in the excitation of bilirubin molecules for CL.
Effect of antioxidants on chemiluminescence produced by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Pascual Carlos , Romay Cheyla 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLuminol chemiluminescence was used to evaluate the scavenging of superoxide, hydroxyl and alkoxy radicals by four antioxidants: dipyridamole, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, (+)catechin, and ascorbic acid. Different concentrations of these compounds were compared with well‐known oxygen radical scavengers in their capacity to inhibit the chemiluminescence produced in the reaction between luminol and specific oxygen radicals.Hydroxyl radicals were generated using the Fenton reaction and these produced chemiluminescence which was inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate. Alkoxy radicals were generated using the reaction of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and ferrous ion and produced chemiluminescence which was inhibited equally by all of the compounds tested. For the determination of superoxide scavengers we describe a new, simple, economic, and rapid chemiluminescence method consisting of the reaction between luminol and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). With this method it was found that 40 nmol/l dipyridamole, 0.18 μmol/l ascorbic acid, 0.23 μmol/l (+)catechin, and 3 μmol/l diethyldithiocarbamic acid are equivalent to 3.9 ng/ml superoxide dismutase (specific scavenger of superoxide) in causing the same degree of chemiluminescence inhibition.These results not only indicated that the antioxidative properties of these compounds showed different degrees of effectiveness against a particular radical but also that they may exert their action against more than one radical.
Comparison of properties of commercially available crystalline native and recombinant firefly luciferases
Authors: Ford Sharon R. , Hall Marliese S. , Leach Franklin R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCommercially available crystalline native and recombinant firefly luciferases were compared. The two types of luciferase had indistinguishable responses to variation in ATP and luciferin concentrations and to omission of reaction components. The time courses of light production, the responses to nucleotide analogues, and the stability of the enzymes under several storage conditions were identical. The native enzyme had a slightly greater specific activity and was more sensitive to trypsin degradation. These differeces are probably attributable to differences in conformation.
Mechanism for iron control of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence system: Involvement of cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor protein and modulation of DNA level
Authors: Dunlap Paul V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIron controls luminescence in Vibrio fischeri by an indirect but undefined mechanism. To gain insight into that mechanism, the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and of modulation of DNA levels in iron control of luminescence were examined in V. fischeri and in Escherichia coli containing the cloned V. fischeri lux genes on plasmids. For V. fischeri and E. coli adenylate cyclase (cya) and CRP (crp) mutants containing intact lux genes (luxR luxlCDABEG), presence of the iron chelator ethylenediamine‐di (o‐hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) (EDDHA) increased expression of the luminescence system like in the parent strains only in the cya mutants in the presence of added cAMP. In the E. coli strains containing a plasmid with a Mu dl(lacZ) fusion in luxR, levels of β‐galactosidase activity (expression from the luxR promoter) and luciferase activity (expression from the lux operon promoter) were both 2‐3‐fold higher in the presence of EDDHA in the parent strain, and for the mutants this response to EDDHA was observed only in the cya mutant in the presence of added cAMP. Therefore, cAMP and CRP are required for the iron restriction effect on luminescence, and their involvement in iron control apparently is distinct from the known differential control of transcription from the luxR and luxlCDABEG promoters by cAMP‐CRP. Furthermore, plasmid and chromosomal DNA levels were higher in E. coli and V. fischeri in the presence of EDDHA. The higher DNA levels correlated with an increase in expression of chromosomally encoded β‐galactosidase in E. coli and with a higher level of autoinducer in cultures of V. fischeri. These results implicate cAMPCRP and modulation of DNA levels in the mechanism of iron control of the V. fischeri luminescence system.
Mechanoluminescence: An assay for lymphocyte analysis in neoplasia
Authors: Orel Valeri E. , Alekseyev Sergei B. , Grinevich Yuri A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have studied the mechano‐electrochemical activation of optical emission (mechanoluminescence, ML) from the surface of lymphocytes. In C57BL/6 mice with B16 melanoma at the terminal stage of tumour growth and after immunotherapy with thymic agents, there is a correlation between light emission and the value of lymphocyte surface charge and titres of thymic serum factor (FTS).
Luminescence from the yeast Candida utilis and comparisons across three genera
Authors: Tilbury R. N. , Quickenden T. I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWeak luminescence was detected from oxygenated liquid cultures of the yeast Candida utilis during two stages of its growth cycle. The first period of emission occurred during the exponential phase of growth and comprised an ultraviolet band (270‐390 nm; ca 19 photons s− 1 cm−2 of culture surface) and a visible band (450‐620 nm; ca 68 photons s− 1 cm− 2). The second period of emission occurred late in the stationary phase of growth and was comprised almost entirely of a visible region band (450‐620 nm; 6.8 × 102 photons s− 1 cm− 2). No luminescence was observed when the yeast was grown anaerobically. These observations are compared with those previously obtained for two other yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The ratios of the intensities of blue/red emissions in the stationary phase luminescences correlated with the ratio of the saturated/unsaturated lipid content for the three yeasts. This result provided further support for the claim that the stationary phase luminescence arises from the reactions associated with lipid peroxidation. A number of previously suggested sources of the exponential phase luminescence are discussed and rejected. Oxidative side reactions accompanying protein synthesis remain a possible source of that emission.
Separation of pH, dilution, lonic strength and chemical matrix effects for biological monitoring of urines with the Microtox® test using nicotine, cotinine and reference urines
Authors: Chou Chin C. , Hee Shane S. Que 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the factors influencing light emission from Photobacterium phosphoreum in the Microtox® test to interpret bioassay results for urine. Four reference urines were assessed as reference materials for the bioassay. Nicotine and cotinine were investigated as urinary markers for tobacco exposure. The optimum luminescence conditions were: 1.85%–3.25% NaCl, 0.33–0.58 mol/L ionic strength, and pH 5.8–6.7. Low pH values and high concentration of toxic trace metals were important factors in this study. Unexpacted toxicity for a Standard Reference Material was attributed to zinc contamination. Nicotine and cotinine together exhibited antagonistic effects in 2% saline but this could not be observed in the urines because of substantial urine toxicity. Thus practical urinary biological monitoring with the Microtox® test necessitates excretion of metabolites and compounds that are much more toxic than the urine components. Also, separation of the effects of physical factors like pH, ionic strength and dilution is essential before chemical toxicity effects can be assigned. This is the first report of Microtox® EC50 values for nicotine and cotinine. The results have application to environmental samples since analyses are often uncontrolled relative to pH, ionic strength and dilution.
A survey of some commercially available kits and reagents which include bioluminescence or chemiluminescence for their operation: Including immunoassays, hybridization, labels, probes, blots and ATP‐based rapid microbiology. Products from more than forty companies
Authors: Stanley Philip E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis survey was compiled between January and November 1992 from public domain information requested by the author from companies specializing in these products. It includes individual sections giving the name and address of each company together with brief details of their (a) kits used for assay of certain analytes in the routine laboratory and (b) reagents used mainly as research tools. This survey is a companion to a previous survey about 90 commercially available luminometers (Stanley PE. J Biolumin Chemilum 1992; 7: 77–108 and 157–69).
Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for alpha‐fetoprotein using β‐D‐galactosidase as label and 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside as substrate
Authors: Arakawa H. , Ikegami T. , Maeda M. , Tsuji A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe developed a sensitive chemiluminescent sandwich‐type enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) using b̃‐D‐galactosidase (b̃‐gal) as a label and 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl‐b̃‐D‐galactopyranoside as a substrate. The CL‐EIA for AFP was performed using two monoclonal antibodies, one antibody is labelled with b̃‐gal, the other is coated onto the inside surface of a polystyrene tube. The detection limit for AFP was 0.5 ng/mL, equivalent to 10 pg/assay tube. The coefficient of variation for within and between assay imprecision were 2.0%−4.9% (n = 10) and 4.4%−9.8% (n = 5), respectively. AFP values in serum determined by this method correlated well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay (n = 26, r = 0.99). This sensitive AFP assay can be performed within 4 h and can be used as a routine assay in clinical diagnosis.
Effect of adherence to plastic on peripheral blood monocyte and alveolar macrophage chemiluminescence
Authors: de Sole P. , Fresu R. , Frigieri L. , Pagliari G. , de Simone C. , Guerriero C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe chemiluminescence of peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages was determined in the presence of luminol and lucigenin, either before or after the cell adherence to the luminometer curvettes. In the case of monocytes, cell adherence induces an increase of luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence and has almost no effect on the lucigenin‐dependent chemiluminescence. However, it shows a strong inhibition of the lucigenin‐dependent chemiluminescence and almost no effect on luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence, in the case of alveolar macrophages. These results show that adhesion to plastic alters the metabolic burst of both monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Although the mechanisms are poorly understood, they seem to be related to the modifications that take place during the differentiation of peripheral monocytes to alveolar macrophages.
Structure and non‐enzymatic light emission of two luciferin precursors isolated from the luminous mushroom Panellus stipticus
Authors: Shimomura Osamu , Satoh Shigeki , Kishi Yoshito 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe chemical structure of two luciferin precursors PS‐A and PS‐B, isolated from the luminous mushroom Panellus stipticus, were determined as 1‐O‐decanoylpanal (2) and 1‐O‐dodecanoylpanal (3), respectively. Both PS‐A and PS‐B were converted into chemiluminescent luciferins by treatment with 50 mmol/l methylamine in a pH 3.5 buffer solution containing an anionic surfactant Tergitol 4 at 25–35ºC. The luciferins emitted chemiluminescence in a pH 7–8 buffer solution containing a cationic surfactant in the presence of O2 and O.
Commercially available luminometers and imaging devices for low‐light measurements and kits and reagents utilizing bioluminescence or chemiluminescence: Survey update I
Authors: Stanley Philip E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis survey update was compiled in June 1993 and includes products not covered in the luminometer survey (Jan 1992; Stanley, PE. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1992; 7:77–108 and 7:157–69) and kit and reagent survey (Nov 1992; Stanley, PE. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1993; 8:51–63). Some products are new whilst for others details have only recently become available to the author. Technical details are provided together with company address and contact information.
Effect of salmeterol on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) chemiluminescence In Vitro
Authors: Ramage Lynn , Blair Andrea L. , Cree Lan A. , Dhillon D. Paul 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAlthough beta‐agonists remain an important aspect of the treatment of asthma, their role has recently been questioned. Salmeterol has recently been developed as a betaagonist with prolonged bronchodilator action. Using lucigenin‐enhanced chemiluminescence, we have shown that salmeterol inhibits this aspect of phagocyte function in vitro in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, salmeterol differs from classical beta2‐agonists in that at concentrations between 10−5 and 10−3 mol/L, its effects on phagocytes cannot be completely reversed by washing the cells or by propanolol. The effects on phagocytes may not therefore be explicable on the basis of betaadrenergic mechanisms alone.
Enhancers of the non‐peroxidative metal porphyrin chemiluminescence reaction
Authors: Motsenbocker M. A. , Oda K. , Ichimori Y. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMetal porphyrins catalyse luminol chemiluminescence at pH 13 without added peroxide. The effects of 22 different surface active compounds on this reaction were studied using six metal porphyrins and one metal porphyrin conjugate. The most active catalyst was Mn‐meso‐tetra(4‐sulphonatophenyl)porphine. Tween‐20 enhanced the activity of this catalyst best at a Tween‐20 to luminol ratio of 74:1. However, lauryl sulphate enhanced best at an optimum lauryl sulphate to luminol ratio of over 1000:1 and both detergents enhanced the reaction when present below their critical micelle concentrations. Negatively charged aliphatic compounds such as fatty acids enhanced the reaction but positive‐charged aliphatic compounds inhibited it. Small differences in enhancer structure resulted in differing enhancement. For example, linoleic acid enhanced Mn‐meso‐tetraphenyl porphine more than 10‐fold, yet linolenic acid inhibited this catalyst. Conjugation of a metal porphyrin to antibody did not influence its enhancement by detergents. The results indicate that the enhancement mechanism does not require formation of pure detergent micelles but that direct association between enhancer and catalyst may be important.
Extra‐weak chemiluminescence of drugs XV. Method for determining stability of Toki‐shakuyaku‐san extract granules
Authors: Sato Hideaki , Hirayama Hideki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Lchio Yoshimasa , Ishizawa Fumiaki , Mizugaki Michinao 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of Toki‐shakuyaku‐san extract granules (TJ‐23) using chemiluminescence (CL). A linear relationship was obtained between the log value of the CL of TJ‐23 and the reaction temperature. An excellent correlation (r= 0.999) was found between the slope of this curve (ΔA) and the colour intensity due to the browning reaction occurring at the early stage of the Maillard reaction.
Low‐light imaging technology in the life sciences
Authors: Hooper C. E. , Ansorge R. E. , Rushbrooke J. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPhoton imaging is an increasingly important technique for the measurement and analysis of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence. New high‐performance low‐light level imaging systems have recently become available for the life science. These systems use advances in camera design and digital image processing and are now being used for a wide range of luminescence applications. They offer good sensitivity for photon detection and large dynamic range, and are suitable for quantitative analysis. This is achieved using a range of software techniques including image arithmetic, histogramming or summing regions of interest, feature extraction and multiple image processing for kinetics or assay screening. Improvements in imageprocessing hardware and software have increased the usefulness of these systems in the biosciences.Low‐light imaging is a rapid and non‐invasive method for the sensitive detection and analysis of luminescent assays. As such it offers a powerful and sensitive tool for investigating processes, both at the cellular level (luc and lux reporter genes, intracellular signalling) and for measurement of macro samples (immunoassays, gels and blots, tissue sections).
Monitoring of polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions in diabetes mellitus— a comparative study of conventional radiometric function tests and low‐light imaging systems
Authors: Marhoffer Wilhelm , Stein Michael , Schleinkofer Ludwig , Federlin Konrad 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this study neutrophil (PMN) phagocytic capacity was investigated using a conventional radiometric ingestion assay (IN) in comparison with PMN respiratory burst activity assessed by luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) in response to phorbolesters and LCL induction during phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococous aureus (STLCL) in diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. PMN ingestion was measured with 3H‐thymidine‐labelled S. aureus in a kinetic radiometric assay. LCL and STLCL were assessed in a parallel detecting microtitre‐plate luminometer (MTP‐Reader). PMN of diabetic subjects showed a highly significant reduction of peak LCL in response to PMA as well as during phagocytosis of S. aureus (STLCL) compared to non‐diabetic controls (p<0.001 respectively). PMN ingestion in diabetic patients (51.8±4.6%) was significantly reduced compared to controls (78.3±6.2%) (p<0.01). The in vitro data displayed impaired PMN oxidative burst activity at glucose concentrations ⩾ 13.8mmol/L, whereas PMN IN was significantly reduced at glucose levels ⩾27.75mmol/L. The control group showed a positive correlation of peak LCL response and IN (p<0.05) but not of STCL and IN; in diabetic patients this was also true, but did not reach statistical significance. The data obtained in this study clearly demonstrated impaired PMN respiratory burst activity and markedly reduced phagocytic PMN functions in diabetic patients ex vivo and in vitro as measured by LCL and by ingestion of 3H‐thymidine‐labelled S. aureus suggesting inhibitory effects of elevated glucose concentrations on various PMN‐functions, which might be of clinical importance concerning altered host defence.
Image analysis in quantitative PCR. An application for the measurement of c‐erbB‐2 oncogene amplification in DNA from human tumours
Authors: Orlando C. , Sestini R. , Zentilin L. , Gelmini S. , Pinzani P. , Giacca M. , Pazzagli M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe present an application of image analysis for the direct quantification of PCR products after gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining of DNA. This procedure has been applied to the development of an assay based on competitive PCR for the measurement of the degree of amplification of c‐erbB‐2 oncogene in DNA from human tumours. In this method two DNA species (genomic and competitor) compete for PCR amplification. Since results are calculated from the final competitor/genomic ratio any variable affecting the rate of PCR amplification has no effect on the accuracy of the ratio measurement. Results are reported which show that even large variations in the experimental conditions (number of PCR cycles, sample volumes and extracted DNA quality) did not interfere with the precision of the measurement of the competitor/genomic ratio.
Bioluminescent determination of 0.1 picomole amounts of guanine nucleotides
Authors: Ford Sharon R , Vaden Valerie R. , Booth John L. , Hall Marliese S. , Webster Joann J. , Leach Franklin R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA bioluminescence procedure for the determination of the guanylates has been optimized to allow measurement of 0.1 pmol amounts. Modifications of the Karl procedure include the use of purified firefly luciferase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase instead of a crude extract of firefly tails, the use of Tricine buffer instead of the inhibitory arsenate buffer, and optimization of the amounts of reagents and incubation times for each of the partial reactions. In the determination of GMP, background values varied widely with different lots of bovine guanylate kinase. Careful selection of a suitable lot of bovine brain guanylates. This establishes that selection of guanylate kinase must be based on experimental determination and not reported adenylate kinase activity. The wide variation in background was not eliminated by the inclusion of adenylate kinase inhibitors.