bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Breach and the CISG
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the concept of fundamental breach. In brief, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) offers two different approaches to a breach of contract. If the breach is ‘minor’, the aggrieved party simply concludes the contract and asks for damages. If the breach is ‘major’, the contract can be avoided, or terminated, and remedies for breach of contract can be sought. Damages are among the most important remedies any legal system can award to restore financial equilibrium. However, in certain circumstances damages are not the remedy that is envisaged or practical. It should be noted that a breach of a contract gives rise to secondary rights and obligations. Fundamental breach is one of the secondary rights and must be read within the remedial framework of the CISG.
The UNIDROIT Principles and the CISG
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the interplay between the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UNIDROIT Principles). The UNIDROIT Principles are a valuable tool in the interpretation of the CISG and can serve as terms in a contract. The optimum use of these international instruments would be to include the UNIDROIT Principles as terms into a contract, and the CISG would be the substantive law supplementing the contract. However, this would be asking the near-impossible, as far too many legal advisors still prefer to take shelter in domestic laws than to utilize international uniform laws. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the UNIDROIT Principles are already used in arbitral proceedings to resolve substantive issues.
Estimating the evolution and the content fractions of baryonic gas for Luminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Al Najm M N , Abdullah Ahmed H , Rashed Y E 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) play a crucial role in understanding of galaxy evolution. The present study examined 82 LIRGs, using data taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), and HyperLEDA to explore their gas fractions and optical properties. The analysis of data highlights the relationship between molecular-to-atomic mass of hydrogen gas ratio $M_{\text{H}_2}/M_{\rm{H {}{\small I}}}$ and morphological types, gas mass fractions, and galaxy characteristics such as color and luminosity. The results showed that the regressions between $M_{\text{dust}} - M^{*,V}$ and $M_{\text{dust}} - \text{SFR}$ are not quite flat (when correlation coefficient &gt; 0.5), which indicates a decrease in the dust-to-stellar content ratio as the gas is consumed and transformed into stars, and also a relatively flat trend for $M_{\text{dust}} - M^{*,V}$ and $f_{\text{dust,bar}} - M^{*,V}$. Moreover, as the star’s mass declines, the total gas mass fraction ($f_{\text{gas}}$) increases quickly, with a high negative correlation coefficient of –0.7 and a regression of –0.85. Therefore, it can be inferred that galaxies with a high gas fraction ($f_{\text{gas}}$) are either accreting gas at a rate sufficient to meet their energy requirements for star formation or converting gas into stars less effectively. According to the findings, the gas exhaustion time in these galaxies quickly reduces as the stellar mass increases, with a significant negative correlation coefficient of –0.7 and a regression that is a nearly linear regression of –0.9. On the other hand, when the baryonic gas mass fraction grows, which makes up the majority of the baryonic gas, grows, the gas depletion time increases quickly.
Understanding the Mechanisms Behind the Distribution of Galactic Metals
Authors: Zhang Chuhan , Li Zefeng , Hu Zipeng , Krumholz Mark R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The evolution and distribution of metals within galaxies are critical for understanding galactic evolution and star formation processes, but the mechanisms responsible for shaping this distribution remain uncertain. In this study we carry out high-resolution simulations of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy, including a star-by-star treatment of both feedback and element injection. We include seven key isotopes of observational and physical interest, and which are distributed across different nucleosynthetic channels—primarily AGB stars (N, Ba, Ce), supernovae (O, Mg, S), and Wolf-Rayet stars (C)show measurably different correlation statistics in space and time and their fluctuations. This difference arises from the distinct ejection mechanisms associated with each nucleosynthetic process. The large-scale properties ensure that different elements, despite having different nucleosynthetic origins, are highly correlated with one another (&gt;0.85 for all, &gt;0.99 for same origins), and their spatial correlations vary together in time. However small-scale variations naturally break elements into distinct nucleosynthetic familiars, with elements originating from the same channels correlating better with each other than with elements from different origins. Our findings suggest both challenges and opportunities for ongoing efforts to use chemical measurements of gas and stars to unravel the history and physics of galaxy assembly.
Timing and spectral analysis of GK Persei during the 2010 dwarf nova outburst
Authors: Pei Songpeng , Zhang Xiaowan , Li Qiang , Ou Ziwei , Yang Taozhi , Cai Yongzhi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
GK Persei, an old nova and intermediate polar, exhibited a dwarf nova outburst in 2010. This outburst was extensively observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, beginning 1.95 d after the eruption and continuing until 13.9 d before the maximum of the outburst in the optical. In this paper, we present timing and spectral analyses, comparing the results with those of other outbursts. We confirm the spin modulation in the 2–10 keV X-ray range with a period of $P_{\rm WD} = 351.325(9)$ s. Additionally, we detected spin modulation in the 0.3–2 keV band during the second half of the observations, a feature not seen in the 2015 and 2018 outbursts. This finding suggests that the soft X-ray emission in GK Persei may originate partly near the magnetic poles and partly from a wind or circumstellar material.
Chromatin remodeler CHD4 establishes chromatin states required for ovarian reserve formation, maintenance and male germ cell survival
Authors: Munakata Yasuhisa , Hu Mengwen , Kitamura Yuka , Dani Raissa G , Bynder Adam L , Fritz Amelia S , Schultz Richard M , Namekawa Satoshi H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ovarian reserve defines female reproductive lifespan, which in humans spans decades due to the maintenance of meiotic arrest in non-growing oocytes (NGOs) residing in primordial follicles. Unknown is how the chromatin state of NGOs is established to enable long-term maintenance of the ovarian reserve. Here, we show that a chromatin remodeler, CHD4, a member of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, establishes chromatin states required for formation and maintenance of the ovarian reserve. Conditional loss of CHD4 in perinatal mouse oocytes results in acute death of NGOs and depletion of the ovarian reserve. CHD4 establishes closed chromatin at regulatory elements of pro-apoptotic genes to prevent cell death and at specific genes required for meiotic prophase I to facilitate the transition from meiotic prophase I oocytes to meiotically-arrested NGOs. In male germ cells, CHD4 establishes closed chromatin at the regulatory elements of pro-apoptotic genes, allowing germ cell survival. These results demonstrate a role for CHD4 in defining a chromatin state that ensures germ cell survival, thereby enabling the long-term maintenance of both female and male germ cells.
zol and fai: large-scale targeted detection and evolutionary investigation of gene clusters
Authors: Salamzade Rauf , Tran Patricia Q , Martin Cody , Manson Abigail L , Gilmore Michael S , Earl Ashlee M , Anantharaman Karthik , Kalan Lindsay R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many universally and conditionally important genes are genomically aggregated within clusters. Here, we introduce fai and zol, which together enable large-scale comparative analysis of different types of gene clusters and mobile-genetic elements, such as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) or viruses. Fundamentally, they overcome a current bottleneck to reliably perform comprehensive orthology inference at large scale across broad taxonomic contexts and thousands of genomes. First, fai allows the identification of orthologous instances of a query gene cluster of interest amongst a database of target genomes. Subsequently, zol enables reliable, context-specific inference of ortholog groups for individual protein-encoding genes across gene cluster instances. In addition, zol performs functional annotation and computes a variety of evolutionary statistics for each inferred ortholog group. Importantly, in comparison to tools for visual exploration of homologous relationships between gene clusters, zol can scale to handle thousands of gene cluster instances and produce detailed reports that are easy to digest. To showcase fai and zol, we apply them for: (i) longitudinal tracking of a virus in metagenomes, (ii) performing population genetic investigations of BGCs for a fungal species, and (iii) uncovering evolutionary trends for a virulence-associated gene cluster across thousands of genomes from a diverse bacterial genus.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of methotrexate injection and methotrexate tablets in active RA
Authors: Qiao Lin , Hu Jiankang , Ou Daming , Liu Mixia , Shi Xiaofei , Li Xiaomei , Wu Rui , Zhang Liyun , Liu Yuan , Xiao Changhong , Fu Zili , Lin Jin , Wang Rongsheng , Zhou Dongmei , Yu Jing , Jin JingChun , Song Shulin , Tang Lin , Sun Hongsheng , Yin Yuanyuan , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous MTX (SC MTX) and oral MTX (OR MTX) in treating Chinese patients with active RA.

Methods
This study included patients with active RA in China. All patients were randomly assigned to receive SC MTX or OR MTX. The primary end point was Disease Activity Score-28 for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) after 12 weeks of treatment.

Results
DAS28-ESR scores of the SC MTX and OR MTX groups significantly decreased compared with baseline at week 12. The least squares mean (±S.E.) of the change in DAS28-ESR scores were −1.972 ± 0.1448 and −1.800 ± 0.1438 in the SC MTX and OR MTX groups. The intergroup difference was −0.173 ± 0.2041, indicating that the SC MTX group was not inferior to the OR MTX group. With respect to the secondary endpoints of ACR20/50/70, DAS28-CRP and the proportion of patients in disease remission by DAS28(CRP) but not with DAS28(ESR), SC MTX was numerically better than OR MTX during the first 8 weeks but not all by week 12. The safety profile of SC MTX is similar to that of OR MTX in general, and the incidence, occurrences and preferred term types of drug-related TEAE of gastrointestinal system disorders were lower.

Conclusions
SC MTX had similar overall therapeutic effects compared with OR MTX and was generally well tolerated. Some efficacy results showed greater improvement during the first 8 weeks of SC MTX vs OR MTX but not by week 12.

Trial registration
https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200066425.
Real-time digital dermatitis detection in dairy cows on Android and iOS apps using computer vision techniques
Authors: Dwivedi Agam , Henige Marlee , Anklam Kelly , Döpfer Dörte 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aim of the study was to deploy computer vision models for real-time detection of digital dermatitis (DD) lesions in cows using Android or iOS mobile applications. Early detection of DD lesions in dairy cows is crucial for prompt treatment and animal welfare. Android and iOS apps could facilitate routine and early DD detection in cows’ feet on dairy and beef farms. Upon detecting signs of DD, dairy farmers could implement preventive and treatment methods, including foot baths, topical treatment, hoof trimming, or quarantining cows affected by DD to prevent its spread. We applied transfer-learning to DD image data for 5 lesion classes, M0, M4H, M2, M2P, and M4P, on pretrained YOLOv5 model architecture using COCO-128 pretrained weights. The combination of localization loss, classification loss, and objectness loss was used for the optimization of prediction performance. The custom DD detection model was trained on 363 images of size 416 × 416 pixels and tested on 46 images. During model training, data were augmented to increase model robustness in different environments. The model was converted into TFLite format for Android devices and CoreML format for iOS devices. Techniques such as quantization were implemented to improve inference speed in real-world settings. The DD models achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.95 on the test dataset. When tested in real-time, iOS devices resulted in Cohen’s kappa value of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.49 to 0.65) averaged across the 5 lesion classes denoting the moderate agreement of the model detection with human investigators. The Android device resulted in a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.29 to 0.47) denoting fair agreement between model and investigator. Combining M2 and M2P classes and M4H and M4P classes resulted in a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.76) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.57), for Android and iOS devices, respectively. For the 2-class model (lesion vs. non-lesion), a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.85) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.78) was achieved for iOS and Android devices, respectively. iOS achieved a good inference time of 20 ms, compared to 57 ms on Android. Additionally, we deployed models on Ultralytics iOS and Android apps giving kappa scores of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.64) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.55), respectively. Our custom iOS app surpassed the Ultralytics apps in terms of kappa score and confidence score.
Chronic benzene exposure impairs the self-renewal capacity of HSPCs in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Jin , Zhao Jianxin , Cheng Xiurong , Xing Caihong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic benzene exposure on the self-renewal capacity of C57BL/6 bone marrow HSPCs. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the benzene-exposed group. Mice in the benzene-exposed group inhaled 1,000 mg/m3 (308 ppm; conversion factor: 20 °C, 101 kPa, 1 ppm = 3.25 mg/m3) benzene for 32 weeks and the control group mice inhaled clean air. The peripheral blood hematological alterations were monitored every two weeks. Competitive bone marrow transplantation was performed to assess the self-renewal capacity of bone marrow HSPCs and the donor cell chimerism was quantified through flow cytometry. By the fourth week of benzene exposure, significant reductions in leukocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin levels (P &lt; 0.05) were observed, suggesting the development of benzene poisoning in mice. In the B6.SJL recipient mice, the chimerism ratio of bone marrow cells from C57BL/6 donors exposed to benzene for 20 weeks significantly decreased after transplantation (16 weeks post-transplant: 52.58% ± 17.38% in controls vs. 3.89% ± 1.96% in the benzene group, P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the chimerism ratio in recipients of 32-week benzene-exposed donors approached zero by week 84 post-transplant, suggesting a loss of self-renewal capacity in bone marrow HSPCs due to benzene exposure. The study concludes that bone marrow suppression and the diminished self-renewal ability of C57BL/6 bone marrow HSPCs may lead to bone marrow failure in mice, contributing to the potential occurrence of MDS.
Comparative methods to predict redosing of bupivacaine and ropivacaine in truncal catheters
Authors: Bungart Brittani , Joudeh Lana , Schwenk Eric S. , Chiang Christopher , Fettiplace Michael R. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Despite the frequent use of ropivacaine and bupivacaine, there is limited guidance on redosing of these medications following an initial bolus. Intermittent redosing is a clinical practice in the setting of nerve catheters, often utilizing large doses. Comparatively, theoretical elimination rates are available from pharmacokinetic studies, providing estimates on total body content of these drugs. We hypothesized that published redosing of bupivacaine and ropivacaine in clinical literature comported with safe elimination of the drugs based on pharmacokinetic studies.

Methods:
Clinical redosing of bupivacaine and ropivacaine were identified from previously published manuscripts that used intermittent bolus dosing into the transversus abdominis plane and paravertebral space. The dosing data were fit to an exponential curve using least squares regression and 1/Y2 weighting with the equation : Y = YM
- (YM - Y0)* e-k*x
where Y

M
is the maximal dose (175 mg for bupivacaine, 210 mg for ropivacaine), Y

0
is the dose at time zero, k is the elimination constant and x is time. Both minimal (i.e. slowest) and average pharmacokinetic elimination constants for ropivacaine and bupivacaine were identified in the published literature. Clinical redosing was compared with pharmacokinetic elimination.

Results:
The maximal pharmacokinetic half-lives of bupivacaine and ropivacaine were 603 minutes (range 154 – 2970 minutes, N=49) and 528 minutes (range 204 – 3276 minutes, N=39) respectively. Clinically reported redosing of bupivacaine fit to an exponential curve with kbupi(clinical) = 0.077 hrs-1 , representing the 53.5 th percentile of extracted pharmacokinetic minimal elimination constants. Clinically reported redosing of ropivacaine fit to a curve with kropi(clinical) = 0.083 hrs-1 consistent with the 52nd percentile of minimal pharmacokinetic elimination constants.

Conclusions:
Clinically reported redosing of bupivacaine and ropivacaine in the published literature reflect the slowest pharmacokinetic elimination based on human studies. The combined data without evidence of toxicity permit us to make practical recommendations about safe redosing of these agents.
Autoantibodies in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Seefried Sabine , Barcic Anastasia , Grijalva Yepez Maria Fernanda , Reinhardt Lena , Appeltshauser Luise , Doppler Kathrin , Üçeyler Nurcan , Sommer Claudia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of IgG autoantibodies in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), to characterize their binding to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and glial cells, and to assess whether specific DRG binding patterns correlate with clinical symptoms. Sera of a cohort of 184 patients with FMS and 55 control sera were used to test binding of patient IgG on rat DRG sections. ELISA, Western blot, and preadsorption tests were used to search for potential target antigens. We found binding to DRGs in 68 of 184 FMS sera and in none of the control sera. We could identify 9 binding clusters including binding to neurons and to cells labelled with the satellite glial cell marker fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7). Current pain intensity correlated positively with IgG binding to FABP7 immunoreactive structures, and burning pain was associated with binding to transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 immunoreactive neurons. Specific antibody detection revealed 13 of 68 sera positive for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, 9 of 68 positive for SOX1 antibodies, 7 of 68 positive for antibodies against the serotonin receptor 5HT1AR, and 3 of 68 positive for fibroblast growth factor 3 antibodies. Our findings support the notion of an immune activation in a subgroup of patients with FMS.
Clinical Validation of an AI System for Pneumoconiosis Detection Using Chest X-rays
Authors: Ruiz Eduardo R. , Arellano Carolina A. , Archila Carmen A. , Llobet Carolina , Carrasco Gonzalo , Pinochet Francisca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective: To develop and evaluate "eTóraxLaboral," an intelligent platform for detecting signs of pneumoconiosis in chest radiographs, and to assess its predictive capacity. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2300 randomly selected chest radiographs was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, false positive/negative rates, predictive values, likelihood ratios, efficiency, error rate, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were evaluated. A Fagan nomogram and ROC curve analysis were included. Results: "eTóraxLaboral" demonstrated high sensitivity to signs of pneumoconiosis (LR+ 23, LR- 0.2). A slight tendency toward a higher number of false positives was observed, possibly due to the superposition of anatomical elements and increased lung markings. False negatives were less common, often misinterpreting pneumoconiotic opacities as consolidation-type findings. Conclusions: "eTóraxLaboral" facilitates early pneumoconiosis detection, providing crucial diagnostic support for healthcare workers in Chile and other developed or developing nations.
Employment productivity and cancer-related psychological symptoms among adult cancer dyads
Authors: Warner Echo L. , Sikorskii Alla , Cunicelli Nathan , Badger Terry , Segrin Chris , Morrill Kristin E. , Rainbow Jessica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To explore cancer survivors’ and caregivers' presenteeism (work performance) and absenteeism (missed work), and associations with work performance in the prior year and psychological symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms, symptom severity).

Methods
Cross-sectional baseline data of a larger trial were analyzed to explore associations between absenteeism and presenteeism with prior work performance and psychological symptoms.

Results
Among survivors (N = 309) and caregivers (N = 306), increased depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with decreased work performance; survivors’ anxiety was associated with absenteeism. Prior work performance was associated with better current work performance among survivors and caregivers. In survivors only, prior work performance was associated with reduced current absenteeism.

Conclusions
Experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms may decrease survivors’ and caregivers’ work performance. Addressing these symptoms may help survivors and caregivers improve work performance.