bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptide Models of Immunological Recognition: Paratope Dissection by Multiple Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Laune Daniel , Pau Bernard , Granier Claude 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
New approaches to obtain
information about the residues of the antibody paratope involved in the
interaction with antigen would be very useful to help perform rational
mutagenesis of antibodies for improving sensitivity or selectivity in
immunoassays. We have evaluated the possibility of dissecting the antibody
paratope into large sets of short (12 residues) overlapping peptides to
determine the contribution of each peptide to antigen binding. Our results show
that the systematic analysis of the antigen-binding properties of heavy chain
variable segment and light chain variable segment derived peptides of HyHEL-5, a
model anti-lysozyme antibody, can be an experimental approach to the selection
of paratope-derived peptides with antigen-binding activity. Detailed analysis of
the contribution of each residue from each binding peptide permitted the
identification of residues contributing to antigen binding. Of the 38 residues
we identified, 22 corresponded to residues that had been shown by X-ray
crystallography to be at the interface between HyHEL-5 and lysozyme. The peptide
analysis we have developed is thus a way to map the subset of residues from the
antibody paratope involved in antigen recognition. The same peptide approach was
used to map the idiotope that an anti-idiotypic antibody recognized in the
paratope of its cognate antibody.
Remodeling of Glycoprotein and Carbohydrate Antigens
Authors: Ronin Catherine 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Glycosylation is the most extensive of all
post-translational modifications in proteins. It has important functions in
their secretion, antigenicity and metabolic clearance through structural
polymorphism. In recent years, advances in recombinant DNA technology allowed
the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins, among which glycosylated
proteins displayed differences compared to their native counterparts, including
antigenic carbohydrates. In this review, we discuss the potential use of cloned
glycosyltransferases in remodeling recombinant glycoprotein antigens as well as
in synthesizing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens.
Strongly Enhanced Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) after Poly-trauma and Burn
Authors: Grad Sibylle , Ertel Wolfgang , Keel Marius , Infanger Manfred , Vonderschmitt Dieter J. , Maly Friedrich E. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key component
of the repair mechanisms triggered by tissue injury. Vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) is an important mediator of angiogenesis, as it acts directly and
specifically on endothelial cells. VEGF produced locally in regenerating tissue
may spill over into the systemic circulation, and measuring levels of
circulating VEGF may allow monitoring of angiogenesis. To determine whether
circulating VEGF is increased after severe injury, we measured concentrations of
VEGF in serial serum samples of 23 mechanical burn patients, 55 patients with
multiple trauma and 56 healthy normal controls, using a newly established ELISA
assay. In burn patients, serum VEGF was increased on day 1 (369.4 ± 88.0 pg/ml)
and on day 3 (452.0 ± 65.3 pg/ml), reached highest levels on day 14 (1809.5 ±
239.7 pg/ml) and was still elevated on day 21 post-burn (1339.8 ± 208.7 pg/ml)
(mean ± SEM, p<0.01), when compared with healthy controls (82.2 ± 10.8 pg/ml
(mean ± SEM)). Likewise, in trauma patients, serum VEGF showed a trend towards
elevated values on the day of admission (186.9 ± 43.9 pg/ml) and on day 3 after
injury (193.2 ± 62.1 pg/ml). Thereafter, serum VEGF increased further (day 7,
507.0 ± 114.7 pg/ml), peaked on day 14 (742.4 ± 151.8 pg/ml) and was still
elevated on day 21 after injury (693.1 ± 218.6 pg/ml (mean ± SEM, p<0.01)).
No significant correlation was observed between peak serum VEGF and initial
severity of mechanical (Injury Severity Score) or burn injury (percentage of
body surface burned). However, in both burn and trauma patients, the subgroup of
patients with uncomplicated healing showed significantly higher increases of
serum VEGF than the subgroup who developed severe complications during the
post-traumatic course, such as sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome or
multiple organ failure (p<0.05). Thus, markedly enhanced levels of serum VEGF
are present one to three weeks after trauma or burn injury. Further, occurrence
of severe complications during the post-traumatic period is associated with
lesser increases of serum VEGF.
Decrease in High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Levels Following Gemfibrozil Therapy
Authors: Lacko Andras G. , Kudchodkar Bhalchandra J. , Loney Wayne W. , Clearfield Michael B. , Weis Stephen 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
This report represents the
continuation of our studies on the effects of gemfibrozil therapy on high
density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Previously, we reported that despite an
impressive mean increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (20 %), the
response to 12 weeks of gemfibrozil therapy was highly variable. Accordingly,
out of the 27 subjects studied, five actually had lower high density lipoprotein
cholesterol at the conclusion of therapy compared to baseline values. The
changes observed in plasma lipids, combined with correlational relationships
suggest that the conversion of triglyceride rich lipoprotein components into
high density lipoprotein may be impaired in those subjects that respond poorly
or negatively to gemfibrozil therapy.
Reference Intervals for Serum Cystatin C and Serum Creatinine in Adults
Authors: Erlandsen Erland J. , Randers Else , Kristensen Jens H. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The aim of this study was to
establish reference intervals for cerum cystatin C and serum creatinine in
adults. Blood samples were collected from 270 healthy blood donors (135 men and
135 women between 20 and 65 years old with 15 men and 15 women in each
five-year-interval). Serum cystatin C was analyzed using an automated
particle-enhanced immunoassay (DAKO Cystatin C PET kit) on the Cobas Mira S
analyzer. Serum creatinine was analyzed using the Vitros Creatinine Slide, an
enzymatic method on the Vitros 950 chemistry analyzer. The calculated reference
intervals for serum cystatin C were 0.62–1.15 mg/l in women (median 0.84 mg/l,
range 0.56–1.29 mg/l) and 0.51–1.25 mg/l in men (median 0.87 mg/l, range
0.42–1.39 mg/l). The Mann-Whithey U-test revealed no gender-related difference
for cystatin C (p = 0.48). A common reference interval in women and men was
calculated to be 0.54–1.21 mg/l (median 0.85 mg/l, range 0.42–1.39 mg/l). The
non-parametric reference interval for serum creatinine was 57–95 μmol/l in women
(median 72 μmol/l, range 44–105 μmol/l) and 69–111 μmol/l in men (median
89μmol/l, range 58–123 μmol/l).
Concepts for a Model of Good Medical Laboratory Services
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Böhm Manfred , Capel Peter J. A. , Høiby Niels , Jansen Rob T. P. , Kallner Anders , Kelly Anne , Kruse-Jarres Jürgen D. , Küffer Hans , Libeer Jean Claude 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Several international standards
and corresponding interpretation documents for quality management systems have
been published. Although these standards are found useful to some extent, they
are considered to be insufficient in several areas important for medical
laboratories particularly in the pre- and post-examinational phases. The
normative document for accreditation of laboratories (ISO/IEC Guide 25) is
presently being revised and a document for medical laboratories (ISO/TC 212, CD
15189) is at draft stage. Both aim to include aspects of total quality
management.
The concept of total quality
management is rather vague. Generally, its goal has been defined as "business
excellence". This term, however, needs some explanation if applied to medical
laboratories.
Therefore, a project group of the
European Confederation of Laboratory Medicine (ECLM) has developed a model for
total quality management, which is based on a comprehensive management concept
issued by the European Foundation for Quality Management. In the case of a
medical laboratory, the term "business excellence" should be replaced by "good
medical laboratory services". The proposed model could serve as a basis for
future developments of total quality management standards in laboratory
medicine. The goal of the "journey" should be clarified before it starts. To the
best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a model of a good
medical laboratory.
An ℋ︁∞algorithm for the windsurfer approach to adaptive robust control
Authors: Dehghani Arvin , Lanzon Alexander , Anderson Brian D. O. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe windsurfing approach to iterative control requires a series of controller designs with the gradual expanding of the closed‐loop bandwidth, and in the end in order to stop the algorithm, some validation tests are carried out. In this paper, an ℋ︁∞design algorithm is introduced in order to remove the empirical aspect from the stopping criteria and to make the procedure more systematic, hence facilitating the design. Moreover, some restrictive assumptions on the plant model are lifted and some issues with the controller design step are tackled by the introduction of a new design method. This enables us to address a wider class of practical problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gradient approximations in iterative feedback tuning for multivariable processes
Authors: Jansson Henrik , Hjalmarsson Håkan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIterative feedback tuning (IFT) is a model free control tuning method using closed‐loop experiments. For single‐input single‐output (SISO) systems only 2 or 3, depending on the controller structure, closed‐loop experiments are required. However for multivariable systems the number of experiments increases to be proportional to the dimension of the controller. In this contribution several methods are proposed to reduce the experimental time by approximating the gradient of the cost function. One of these methods uses the same technique of shifting operators as is used in IFT for SISO systems. This method is further analysed and sufficient conditions for local convergence are derived. It is shown that even if there are commutation errors due to the approximation method, the numerical optimization may still converge to the true optimum. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusivities of macromolecules in composite hydrogels
Authors: Kosto Kimberly B. , Deen William M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDiffusivities of fluorescein‐labeled macromolecules were measured in dilute aqueous solution (D∞), agarose gels (Da), and agarose–dextran composite gels (D) using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Macromolecules with Stokes–Einstein radii (rs) ranging from 2.7 to 5.9 nm were used, including two globular proteins (ovalbumin and BSA) and three narrow fractions of Ficoll, a spherical polysaccharide. Gels with agarose volume fractions of 0.040 and 0.080 were studied with dextran volume fractions ranging from 0 to 0.0076 and 0 to 0.011, respectively. For both agarose concentrations, the Darcy permeability (κ) decreased by an order of magnitude as the dextran concentration in the gel was increased from zero to its maximum value. For a given gel composition, the relative diffusivity (D/D∞) decreased as rs increased, a hallmark of hindered diffusion. For a given test molecule, D/D∞ was lowest in the most concentrated gels, as expected. As the dextran concentration was increased to its maximum value, two‐ to threefold decreases in relative diffusivity resulted for both agarose gel concentrations. The reductions in macromolecular diffusivities caused by incorporating various amounts of dextran into agarose gels could be predicted fairly accurately from the measured decreases in κ, using an effective medium model. This suggests that one might be able to predict diffusivity variations in complex, multicomponent hydrogels (such as those in body tissue) in the same manner, provided that values of κ can be obtained. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2648–2658, 2004
Structuring under flow of suspensions in a gel
Authors: Jossic Laurent , Magnin Albert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLaminar flow of a suspension of spheres in a gelled fluid through a sudden expansion causes the suspended matter to become organized. Segregation and migration phenomena of mono and bi‐disperse suspensions have been highlighted. If different sizes of spheres and bimodal suspensions are used, this phenomenon can be used to form structured materials. Flow conditions are such that gravity effects and inertia are negligible. At rest, the spheres are stable in the gel. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was used to reveal the distribution of matter within the suspension downstream of the expansion. The interest of such structures for industrial applications is discussed. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2691–2696, 2004
Partial trisomy of chromosome 10(q22–q24) due to maternal insertional translocation (15;10)
Authors: Han J.Y. , Kim K.H. , Jun H.J. , Je G.H. , Glotzbach C.D. , Shaffer L.G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInterchromosomal insertional translocations are rare chromosome rearrangements with an incidence of about 1:80,000 live births. We report on the clinical and cytogenetic findings of a newborn baby with partial trisomy 10q22–10q24 due to a maternal insertional translocation 15;10. Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 10 is a distinctive chromosome aberration characterized by prenatal‐onset growth retardation and craniofacial, skeletal, and other somatic anomalies. Most cases are unbalanced products from reciprocal chromosome translocations, and insertional translocations are rarely involved. The proband was initially referred because of severe intrauterine growth retardation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using painting probes confirmed the maternal balanced (15;10) insertion. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human body mass estimation: A comparison of “morphometric” and “mechanical” methods
Authors: Auerbach Benjamin M. , Ruff Christopher B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn the past, body mass was reconstructed from hominin skeletal remains using both “mechanical” methods which rely on the support of body mass by weight‐bearing skeletal elements, and “morphometric” methods which reconstruct body mass through direct assessment of body size and shape. A previous comparison of two such techniques, using femoral head breadth (mechanical) and stature and bi‐iliac breadth (morphometric), indicated a good general correspondence between them (Ruff et al. [1997] Nature 387:173–176). However, the two techniques were never systematically compared across a large group of modern humans of diverse body form. This study incorporates skeletal measures taken from 1,173 Holocene adult individuals, representing diverse geographic origins, body sizes, and body shapes. Femoral head breadth, bi‐iliac breadth (after pelvic rearticulation), and long bone lengths were measured on each individual. Statures were estimated from long bone lengths using appropriate reference samples. Body masses were calculated using three available femoral head breadth (FH) formulae and the stature/bi‐iliac breadth (STBIB) formula, and compared. All methods yielded similar results. Correlations between FH estimates and STBIB estimates are 0.74–0.81. Slight differences in results between the three FH estimates can be attributed to sampling differences in the original reference samples, and in particular, the body‐size ranges included in those samples. There is no evidence for systematic differences in results due to differences in body proportions. Since the STBIB method was validated on other samples, and the FH methods produced similar estimates, this argues that either may be applied to skeletal remains with some confidence. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal and infant head circumference sexual dimorphism in primates
Authors: Joffe Tracey H. , Tarantal Alice F. , Rice Karen , Leland Michelle , Oerke Ann‐Kathrin , Rodeck Charles , Geary Michael , Hindmarsh Peter , Wells Jonathan C.K. , Aiello Leslie C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractStudies have shown that after controlling for the effects of body size on brain size, the brains of adult humans, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees differ in relative size, where males have a greater volume of cerebral tissue than females. We assess whether head circumference sexual dimorphism is present during early development by evaluating sex differences in relative head circumference in living fetuses and infants within the first year of life. Head circumference is used as a proxy for brain size in the fetus and infant. Femur length is used as a proxy for body length in the fetus. Ultrasonography was used to obtain fetal measures, and anthropometry was used to obtain postnatal measures in humans, rhesus monkeys, baboons, and common marmosets. We show that statistically significant but low levels of head circumference sexual dimorphism are present in humans, rhesus monkeys, and baboons in early life. On average, males have head circumferences about 2% larger than females of comparable femur/body length in humans, rhesus monkeys, and baboons. No evidence for head circumference sexual dimorphism in the common marmoset was found. Dimorphism was present across all body size ranges. We suggest that head circumference sexual dimorphism emerges largely postnatally and increases throughout maturation, particularly in humans who reach adult dimorphism values greater than the monkeys. We suggest that brain dimorphism is not likely to impose an additional energetic burden to the gestating or lactating mother. Finally, some of the problems with ascribing functional significance to brain size sexual dimorphism are discussed, and the energetic implications for brain size sexual dimorphism in infancy are assessed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategien zur Erforschung neuer Reaktionen
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDieser Aufsatz beschreibt anhand konkreter Beispiele die grundlegenden Konzepte, die sich in unserer Arbeitsgruppe über viele Jahre auf der Suche nach neuen chemischen Reaktionen bewährt haben. Unsere Strategie ist es, drei oder vier Themen gleichzeitig aufzugreifen, da wir es für wichtig erachten, möglichst viele Ergebnisse zu sammeln. Diese können zunächst ohne Bezug zueinander sein, sich aber später zu einer umfassenden Hypothese vereinigen. Drei Fallbeispiele aus unserer Forschung seien genannt: die 1960 entwickelte “oxidativ‐reduktive Kondensation”, die 40 Jahre später zum Einsatz von Verbindungen vom Typ Ph2POR als Reduktionsmittel führte; die “Aldolreaktion mit TiCl4” von 1973, aus der die heutige basenvermittelte Aldolreaktion entwickelt wurde; die “Glycosylierung durch Fluorzucker” von 1984, die seit kurzem für stereokontrollierte Glycosylierungen genutzt wird. Wie wir erkennen werden, vermittelt der kritische Rückblick auf geleistete Forschungen oft die Entwicklung neuer Ideen.
Explorations into New Reaction Chemistry
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis Review describes the basic concepts that have guided our exploration of new chemical reactions by giving examples of results from my research group. Our strategy of carrying out research is to investigate three to four different topics at a time so we can gather as many results as possible. These may at first appear unrelated to each other but may have the potential to be united into a greater hypothesis after repeated feedback. Three scenarios from our research are presented: the “oxidative–reductive condensation reaction” devised in 1960, which after an interval of nearly 40 years brought forth the new concept of using compounds of structure Ph2POR as reducing reagents; the “TiCl4‐aldol reaction” of 1973 that eventually led to the present “base‐promoted aldol reaction” through a chain of ideas; and the “glycosylation reaction using fluorosugars” from 1984 which recently bloomed into “stereocontrolled glycosylation”. Thus, it can be said that by reviewing what we had done before, we were able to expand on it to achieve new outcomes.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles: contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lawaczeck Rüdiger , Menzel Michael , Pietsch Hubertus 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe mainstream magnetic iron oxide particles used as contrast media for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are composed of a magnetic iron oxide core surrounded by a dextran or carboxydextran coat. The core size ranges from 2 nm to less than 10 nm, and the hydrodynamic diameter ranges from 20 nm to about 120 nm. The coat prevents aggregation and sedimentation of the particles in aqueous solutions, achieves high biological tolerance, and prevents toxic side effects.Two kinds of particles are considered: (i) large particles (>30 nm), called superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) for liver imaging; (ii) smaller particles (<30 nm hydrodynamic diameter), called ultrasmall SPIOs (USPIOs), e.g. for MR angiography.To characterize the particles, Mössbauer spectra are presented for the two particle ensembles. These spectra allow insight into the magnetic coupling, the valency of the iron ions and a rough estimate of the core size to be deduced. On the basis of the concentration dependence of the MR signal intensities, two applications are discussed together with two representative clinical examples.Future indications for MR diagnostics, e.g. the labeling and tracking of stem cells during stem‐cell therapy control, are outlined. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The microstructure of ferrofluids and their rheological properties
Authors: Pop L. M. , Hilljegerdes J. , Odenbach S. , Wiedenmann A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOne of the most important features of ferrofluids is the possibility to change their physical properties, especially their viscosity, by means of moderate magnetic fields. This capability makes ferrofluids very useful in the fields of engineering, medicine and fundamental research. Rheological experimental results, as well as theoretical studies, correlate the change of the viscosity of a sheared ferrofluid under the influence of a magnetic field, the so‐called magnetoviscous effect, to the internal structure formation under certain external conditions. To obtain information about the microstructure of ferrofluids, experiments using the small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique have been carried out. Three magnetite‐based ferrofluids with different particle–particle interactions, and thus various magnitudes of the magnetoviscous effect, were investigated. Using a specially designed rheometer, SANS experiments were performed for different shear rates and magnetic field strengths in order to observe the modification of the microstructure in ferrofluids and to associate the SANS information with their macroscopical behaviour. The scattering patterns obtained show a good agreement with the qualitative model that explains the magnetoviscous effect. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiments with a ferrofluid‐supported linear electric motor
Authors: Engelmann Steffen , Nethe Arnim , Scholz Thomas , Stahlmann Hanns‐Dietrich 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInserting ferrofluids in the gap between the acting magnets of electrical machines will enlarge the forces or torques by reducing the magnetic resistance of the gap. Based on this effect, the efficiency of linear and rotating electric drives can be improved. The experimental setup to measure this force amplification in the case of a linear electric drive and the results are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.