bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread detection of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. Streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds
Authors: Sandstrom Mark W. , Kolpin Dana W. , Thurman E. Michael , Zaugg Steven D. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
One of the most frequently detected organic chemicals in a nationwide study concerning the effects of wastewater on stream water quality conducted in the year 2000 was the widely used insect repellant N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). It was detected at levels of 0.02 μg/L or greater in 73% of the stream sites sampled, with the selection of sampling sites being biased toward streams thought to be subject to wastewater contamination (i.e., downstream from intense urbanization and livestock production). Although DEET frequently was detected at all sites, the median concentration was low (0.05 μg/L). The highest concentrations of DEET were found in streams from the urban areas (maximum concentration, 1.1 μg/L). The results of the present study suggest that the movement of DEET to streams through wastewater-treatment systems is an important mechanism that might lead to the exposure of aquatic organisms to this chemical.
Fish full life-cycle testing for 17β-estradiol on medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Seki Masanori , Yokota Hirofumi , Maeda Masanobu , Kobayashi Kunio 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
We studied the chronic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the reproductive status of medaka (Oryzias latipes) over two generations under continuous exposure to assess its hazard on this species. The exposure of parental (F0) medaka to E2 was begun on embryos within 12 h postfertilization and continued for up to 101 d; the assessment endpoints included embryological development, hatching, posthatch survival, growth, sexual differentiation, reproduction, and hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) levels under flow-through exposure to E2 at each mean measured concentration of 0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9, and 92.4 ng/L. Eggs (F1) spawned from the F0 fish at 98, 99, and 100 d posthatch were also examined for hatchability, survival after hatching, growth, sexual differentiation, and hepatic VTG level until 59 d posthatch. In the F0 medaka, no concentration-related effect of E2 was observed on hatching, posthatch mortality, and growth. However, we observed abnormal sex differentiation, induction of VTG, and reproductive impairment in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest-observed-effect concentration and no-observed-effect concentration of E2 for these effects were 8.66 and 2.86 ng/L, respectively. In the F1 medaka treated with E2 at ≤8.66 ng/L, however, dose-dependent effects were not observed in any parameter. The results indicate that E2 can have significant effects on reproductive potential of medaka at concentrations as low as 8.66 ng/L, suggesting that the ecological risk of E2 is higher than that of weak estrogens, such as nonylphenol and octylphenol.
Short-term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: Acute effects on fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids
Authors: Oakes Ken D. , Sibley Paul K. , Martin Jon W. , Maclean Dan D. , Solomon Keith R. , Mabury Scott A. , Van Der Kraak Glen J. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exposure to waterborne perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on oxidative stress and reproductive endpoints in fish. Exposures utilized species commonly used in toxicological testing, including the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as relatively insensitive taxa such as creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). In all fish species, short-term (14–28 d) exposure to PFOS produced only modest mortality at concentrations consistent with environmental spill scenarios. However, PFOS consistently increased hepatic fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity and increased oxidative damage, as quantified using the 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay. Plasma testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17β-estradiol titers were often elevated with PFOS exposure. Vitellogenin, the egg yolk precursor protein, was occasionally altered in the plasma with PFOS exposure, but responses varied with maturity. Oviposition frequency and egg deposition in fathead minnow were not significantly impaired with PFOS exposure, despite a trend toward progressive impairment with increasing exposure concentrations. Although short-term PFOS exposure produced significant impacts on biochemical and reproductive endpoints in fish at concentrations consistent with environmental spills, the impact of long-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOS is unclear.
Aquatic herbicide exposure increases salamander desiccation risk eight months later in a terrestrial environment
Authors: Rohr Jason R. , Palmer Brent D. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Contaminants and climate change may be factors in amphibian declines. However, few studies have explored their joint impacts on postmetamorphic amphibians, a life stage of great importance to amphibian population dynamics. Here, we examine the effects of premetamorphic exposure (mean exposure of 64 d) to ecologically relevant concentrations of the globally common herbicide atrazine (0, 4, 40, 400 μg/L) on the behavior and water retention of lone and grouped postmetamorphic, streamside salamanders, Ambystoma barbouri. Salamanders exposed to ≥40 μg/L of atrazine exhibited greater activity, fewer water-conserving behaviors, and accelerated water loss four and eight months after exposure compared to controls. No recovery from atrazine exposure was detected and its effects were independent of the presence of conspecifics. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that adverse climatic conditions and contaminants can interact to harm post-metamorphic amphibians; however, they suggest that these two stressors need not be experienced simultaneously to do so. These results emphasize the importance of considering both latent and cumulative effects of temporally linked stressors in ecotoxicology.
Solid-phase microextraction for predicting the bioavailability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its primary transformation products in sediment and water
Authors: Conder Jason M. , La Point Thomas W. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Disposable solid-phase microextraction fibers (SPMEs) were used to measure the availability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its two primary transformation products, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT). The SPMEs (85-μm polyacrylate) and sediment-dwelling oligochaetes (Tubifex tubifex) were exposed to TNT-spiked sediment, to TNT-spiked sediment amended with activated carbon, and to TNT-, 2ADNT-, and 4ADNT-spiked water. Sediment concentration was a poor predictor of bioavailability in unamended and carbon-amended sediments (r2 = 0.14–0.73) The activated carbon amendment reduced the bioavailability of compounds in carbon-amended sediment, causing the relationships between Tubifex concentrations and sediment concentrations to differ significantly between unamended and carbon-amended sediment for all compounds. In contrast, SPME TNT concentrations predicted Tubifex TNT concentrations (r2 = 0.54–0.79), and regression models did not differ significantly among the three TNT-spiked matrices. The SPME 2ADNT and 4ADNT concentrations also were predictive of Tubifex 2ADNT and 4ADNT concentrations (r2 = 0.44–0.90). Relationships between Tubifex concentrations and SPME concentrations were the same between unamended and carbon-amended TNT-spiked sediments for 2ADNT and 4ADNT; however, the relationship in sediment (pooled data) differed from the relationship found in 2ADNT- and 4-ADNT-spiked water. The SPMEs provided carbon amendment-independent measures of ADNT availability in sediment and matrix-independent measures of TNT availability among the three matrices. The SPMEs show promise for predicting bioavailable organic compounds in sediment and water.
Glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate waste fibers
Authors: Shukla S. R. , Harad Ajay M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGlycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate waste fibers was carried out using excess ethylene glycol in the presence of different simple chemicals, namely, glacial acetic acid, lithium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, and potassium sulfate. Good yields (> 60%) of the monomer bis(2‐hydroxyethylene terephthalate) were obtained using these chemicals as depolymerization catalysts. The purified monomer was characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, IR spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The qualitative and quantitative yields of the monomer obtained using these catalysts are most comparable with the conventionally used heavy metal catalysts such as zinc acetate and lead acetate. The chemicals used, being cheap and comparatively less harmful to the environment, offer further advantages in chemical recycling of polyester waste fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 513–517, 2005
Simultaneous COD, nitrogen, and phosphate removal by aerobic granular sludge
Authors: de Kreuk M.K. , Heijnen J.J. , van Loosdrecht M.C.M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAerobic granular sludge technology offers a possibility to design compact wastewater treatment plants based on simultaneous chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and phosphate removal in one sequencing batch reactor. In earlier studies, it was shown that aerobic granules, cultivated with an aerobic pulse‐feeding pattern, were not stable at low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Selection for slow‐growing organisms such as phosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAO) was shown to be a measure for improved granule stability, particularly at low oxygen concentrations. Moreover, this allows long feeding periods needed for economically feasible full‐scale applications. Simultaneous nutrient removal was possible, because of heterotrophic growth inside the granules (denitrifying PAO). At low oxygen saturation (20%) high removal efficiencies were obtained; 100% COD removal, 94% phosphate (P‐) removal and 94% total nitrogen (N‐) removal (with 100% ammonium removal). Experimental results strongly suggest that P‐removal occurs partly by (biologically induced) precipitation. Monitoring the laboratory scale reactors for a long period showed that N‐removal efficiency highly depends on the diameter of the granules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved yield of recombinant merozoite Surface protein 3 (MSP3) fromPichia pastorisusing chemically defined media
Authors: Wang Jin , Nguyen Vu , Glen Jacqueline , Henderson Brian , Saul Allan , Miller Louis H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPlasmodium falciparummerozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) is a leading blood‐stage malaria vaccine candidate. Vaccination withPichia pastorisderived recombinant MSP3 protectedAotus nacymaimonkeys from the parasite's lethal challenge and the post‐challenge antibody titer against MSP3 correlated with protection. In our preliminary attempts to produce this vaccine in fermentors, little or no expression of MSP3 was observed in chemically defined media, although the sameP. pastorisstrain produced MSP3 in complex media. Our goal is to develop a Phase I/II clinical manufacturing process in completely chemically defined media because of the concern of potential prion contamination in complex media containing animal derived products. Here, we report our investigations into various factors to improve the yield of MSP3 in defined media. We found that an induction pH (pHi) 6.8 yielded MSP3 at 434 mg/L whereas there was no product at pHi≤ 5, though cell growth was the same in all pHilevels examined. High levels of NHconsumed at pHi6.8 were directly correlated to the enhanced MSP3 production. Furthermore, an additional 3.5‐fold increase in the yield of MSP3 was obtained by addition of casamino acids at pHi6.8. No direct correlation was observed between protease activity in the culture supernatants and lack of MSP3 expression. Neither highP. pastorisbiomass generated at a high specific growth rate (0.04/h) nor low induction temperatures during induction improved yield. Nitrogen source was the most important factor affecting expression of MSP3 in defined media. Published 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase I and initial phase II results from a trial investigating weekly docetaxel and carboplatin given neoadjuvantly and then concurrently with concomitant boost radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Schwartz David L. , Montgomery R. Bruce , Yueh Bevan , Donahue Michael , Anzai Yoshimi , Canby Raylene , Buelna Raelene , Anderson Leslie , Boyd Charles , Hutson Janice , Keegan Kathryn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current Phase I/II study assessed induction docetaxel/carboplatin given weekly for 4 weeks, followed by weekly docetaxel/carboplatin and concomitant boost radiotherapy (CB‐XRT) for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.METHODSTwenty patients with Stage III or IV (M0) disease of the oropharynx, supraglottic larynx, or hypopharynx were enrolled. Patients initially received docetaxel 20 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 2 weekly × 4. Patients with stable (SD) or responding disease subsequently received dose‐escalated docetaxel (10–20 mg/m2 in sequential patient cohorts) and carboplatin AUC 1 weekly × 5 with CB‐XRT (1.8 gray [Gy] every day × 15 days, followed by 1.8/1.5 Gy twice per day × 13 days).RESULTSAll patients were evaluable, and 15 patients (5 patients with Stage III disease, 10 patients with Stage IV disease) completed all planned therapy. The target docetaxel dose level of 20 mg/m2 weekly with radiotherapy was achieved with no dose‐limiting toxicities. The most frequent maximum toxicities during chemoradiotherapy were Grade 3 mucositis, dysphagia, and/or pain. Primary site responses after induction included 4 patients with partial responses, 11 patients with SD, and 5 patients with disease progression. Fifteen patients (75%) continued to receive chemoradiotherapy, with 14 patients attaining a complete response (CR). Overall, a clinicopathologic neck CR after chemoradiotherapy was achieved in 9 of 10 patients. One patient had persistent primary disease and underwent salvage surgery, whereas another died of unrelated causes before neck assessment. Thirteen patients remain free of any disease event, with a median follow‐up of 15 months (range, 3–29 months).CONCLUSIONSThis regimen was feasible, safe, and particularly well tolerated. Early Phase II outcomes revealed promising activity in patients completing all treatment. Initial induction response results suggested that further investigation of this regimen with more aggressive induction therapy is warranted. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Tumor‐specific changes in mtDNA content in human cancer
Authors: Mambo Elizabeth , Chatterjee Aditi , Xing Mingzhao , Tallini Giovanni , Haugen Bryan R. , Yeung Sai‐Ching J. , Sukumar Saraswati , Sidransky David 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations are associated with various cancer types, suggesting that the mitochondrial genome may be a critical contributing factor in carcinogenesis. mtDNA alterations have been suggested as a potentially sensitive and specific biomarker for several cancer types. We examined mtDNA content in 25 pairs of normal and tumor breast tissue samples, 37 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 21 benign thyroid neoplasms and in 20 paired normal and PTC samples. Our results showed that mtDNA content was reduced in 80% of the breast tumors relative to their corresponding normal. mtDNA was increased in papillary thyroid carcinomas, however, when compared to the corresponding normal DNA taken from the same individual. Also, mtDNA content was increased in none‐paired PTC samples compared to the normal controls. Our findings indicate that changes in mtDNA content during carcinogenesis may be regulated in a tumor specific manner. Additionally, changes in mtDNA levels did not correlate with tumor grade and metastasis, suggesting that these alterations may occur in the early stages of tumorigenesis. Our findings suggest that mtDNA content can be used as a molecular diagnostic tool to help identify genetic abnormalities in human tumors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laminin 5 expression protects against anoikis at aerogenous spread and lepidic growth of human lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kodama Keiji , Ishii Gen'ichiro , Miyamoto Shin'ichi , Goya Masato , Zhang Shi‐chuan , Sangai Takafumi , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Hasebe Takahiro , Hitomi Yoshiaki , Izumi Keisuke , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAdenocarcinoma of the lung is characterized by frequent aerogenous spread (AE) and advancement along the alveolar wall (BAC growth). To elucidate the mechanism of AE metastasis and BAC growth in human lung adenocarcinoma, we established an in vivo orthotopic animal model and an in vitro culture. Investigation of expression levels of integrins, laminins and Type IV collagens, which are the major regulating molecules for cell attachment and anoikis was carried out and a clear correlation between the expression level of laminin 5 (LN5) and the BAC growth was observed using an orthotopic animal model. Introduction of LN5 cDNA to A549 cells increased anoikis resistance in an expression dependent manner. Cells with LN5 overexpression resisted with anoikis after treatment with PI3K‐Akt and ERK inhibitors. The amount of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was also higher in LN5 overexpressing cells. Major tyrosine residues of the EGF receptor at 1068, 1086 and 1173, except at 1148, remained phosphorylated only in the LN5 overexpressing cells even without EGF stimulation, that indicates the ligand independent activation of EGF receptor. BAC growth ratio and AE was confirmed to be significantly correlated with LN5 expression in surgically resected human lung adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the activation of the EGF receptor by overexpressing LN5‐integrin‐FAK signaling pathway may play a crucial role in BAC growth and AE metastasis in human lung adenocarcinoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Positivity and stability of delay equations with nonautonomous past
Authors: Nickel Gregor , Rhandi Abdelaziz 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn our paper we discuss the asymptotic behaviour of a linear delay equation with nonautonomous past. Using positivity and compactness assumptions we obtain a quite complete characterization of the asymptotic behaviour. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design of stochastic hitless‐prediction router by using the first exceed level theory
Authors: Kim Song‐Kyoo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with an enhanced hitless‐prediction router system that has the hitless‐restart capability with forecasting. Hitless‐restart means that the router can stay on the forwarding path and the network topology remains stable. But the major difficulty of the current hitless‐restart is that the router is always active to take the action, such as non‐stop forwarding (upgrade, maintenance and capacity expansion may be included as third party activities). Stochastic hitless‐prediction model gives the decision making factors that manage a router system more efficiently. An analogue of the first exceed level theory is applied for the restriction of the number of buffer size that is the router capacity. Analytically, tractable results are obtained by using a first exceed level process that enables us to determine the decision making factors such as recycle periods of the hitless‐prediction point to prevent a router shutdown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Amiel‐Tison neurological assessment at term: Conceptual and methodological continuity in the course of follow‐up
Authors: Gosselin Julie , Gahagan Sheila , Amiel‐Tison Claudine 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Amiel‐Tison Neurological Assessment at Term (ATNAT) is part of a set of three different instruments based on a neuro‐maturative framework. By sharing a same methodology and a similar scoring system, the use of these three assessments prevents any rupture in the course of high risk children follow‐up from 32 weeks post‐conception to 6 years of age. The ATNAT which takes 5 minutes to administer may be used in clinical setting as well as in research. Clustering of severe to mild neuro‐cranial signs in the neonatal period permits identification of children who could benefit from early intervention. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:34–51.
Dipole Moments, Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling, and the Bonding Orbitals in Group V—Trihalides
Authors: Kisliuk Paul 
Published: April 2005

By means of microwave spectral measurements the following molecular parameters have been determined: 1. The dipole moment of NF3 is 0.235±0.007 Debye. 2. The nuclear quadrupole coupling of arsenic in AsCl3 is —173±20 Mc. 3. The internuclear distance Sb–Cl and the bond angle Cl–Sb–Cl are 2.325±0.005A and 99.5±1.5°, respectively, in SbCl3.
The measured molecular parameters of the group V-trihalides are assembled and interpreted in terms of s—p hybridization, partial ionic, and partial multiple bond character. In particular, certain regularities in the dipole moments are pointed out which indicate that apparent anomalies in the dipole moments of these molecules can be understood in terms of s—p hybridization.
From the evidence of nuclear hyperfine structure, it appears that NF3 and AsH3, as was previously suggested for NH3, have an s—p hybridization which is not simply related to the bond angles. The quadrupole coupling per p-electron of N14, previously reported to have been established by the measurements on NF3, has been again thrown open to question.
Charge-Transfer-No-Bond Adsorption
Authors: Matsen F. A. , Makrides A. C. , Hackerman N. 
Published: April 2005

The theory of charge-transfer complex is applied to adsorption on metals and semiconductors. The heat of adsorption at zero coverage is given in terms of the ionization energy of the adsorbate, the electronic work function of the adsorbent, an image energy, and an interaction energy. For metals a linear relationship between heat (at zero coverage) and extent of adsorption is deduced from two of the simpler forms of theoretical isotherms. The functional dependence of the extent of adsorption on the ionization energy of the adsorbate is thus obtained.
The treatment for semiconductors is modified to take into account the space charge generated in the semiconductor on adsorption.
This treatment is shown to be consistent with reported experimental data for adsorption on iron powder of long chain nitriles, esters, alcohols, amines, and thiols.