bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Battery Concepts Based on Semi-Solid Electrodes: The Injectable Battery
Authors: Muñoz-Torrero Castaño David , Borlaf Mario , Pérez-Antolín Daniel , Ventosa Edgar 
Published: February 2024

Energy storage systems are present in our day-to-day life in portable devices or electric vehicles amongst others, being Li-ion batteries the technology that dominates the market due to its high energy and power densities. However, the increasing battery demanding requirements together with the concerns related to the availability of materials such as Co or Li, have brought much attention towards innovative battery concepts such as redox flow batteries or batteries based on semi-solid electrodes (SSEs). In particular, SSEs, which are dense slurries that are made of active and conductive materials and electrolyte in the absence of binder, offer some advantages in comparison to conventional electrodes. SSEs can reach higher mass loading than conventional electrodes increasing the battery areal capacity.[1] Their properties can be easily tuned by changing the ratio between active material, electrolyte and conductive material. In addition, the lack of binder confers to SSEs flowability and plasticity. These features make SSEs a promising type of electrodes for a wide range of battery application.
This contribution will focus on the properties of SSEs and their application in batteries. In the first part of this contribution, recent progress on two innovative battery concepts based on SSEs will be presented: the easily-recyclable injectable battery (Figure 1a) and the shape-conformable injectable batteries (Figure 1b). The former concept is based on the fabrication of a cell leaving cavities to be filled with SSEs in a subsequent step. Once the end-of-life is reached, SSEs are dejected, having the entire cell ready to be injected with fresh SSE. In the latter concept, 3D printed injectable batteries are fabricated with complex shapes by combining additive manufacturing and SSEs. In the second part of the contribution, essential developments of analytical techniques for the study of intrinsic properties of SSEs will be discussed. It should be noted that the special features of SSEs, which can be easily tuned by adjusting their formulation, require specific tools to study their properties. Several specially designed cells for investigating various properties of SSEs will be disclosed.

Acknowledgments

This work has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and NextGenerationEU (TED2021-131651B-C21). This work was also supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU / PRTR

References

[1] D. Muñoz-Torrero, J. Palma, R. Marcilla, E. Ventosa, Al-Ion Battery Based on Semisolid Electrodes for Higher Specific Energy and Lower Cost, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3 (2020).

Figure 1
Modified Solid Electrolyte Interphases with Alkali Chloride Additives for Aluminum-Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Cyclability
Authors: Xu Cheng , Liu Xu , Passerini Stefano 
Published: February 2024

Al-S batteries are promising energy storage devices, employing high-capacity and low-cost Al (2980 mA h g-1, 8050 mAh cm-3) and sulfur (1672 mAh g-1) as the anode and cathode, respectively. However, Al-S batteries suffer from the notorious shuttle effect of polysulfides as other intensively investigated metal-sulfur batteries. Up to now, several strategies have been proposed to improve the poor reversibility and lifespan of Al-S batteries. At the cathode side, materials that can adsorb polysulfides have been employed as the host material of sulfur to reduce the dissolution of polysulfides,1,2 e.g., heteroatom-functionalized and/or hierarchical porous carbonaceous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), boron nitrides, and Mxenes.3,4 Nonetheless, AMAs, which also play an important role in the shuttle process, have received little attention up to now. Suitable engineering of electrolytes enabling an electronically insulating solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on AMAs may suppress the deposition of low-solubility Al2S3 and/or short-chain polysulfides further promoting the cell cycling performance.
Herein, alkali chlorides are, for the first time, proposed as electrolyte additives to modify the SEI on AMAs and suppress the polysulfide shuttle in Al-S batteries.5 It is demonstrated that adding NaCl to the conventional [AlCl3]1.3[EmimCl]1 electrolyte can enhance the cyclability of Al-S batteries by forming a thicker, NaxAlyO2-containing SEI layer on AMAs. In addition to NaCl, LiCl and KCl as electrolyte additives also lead to improvement of Al-S batteries’ lifespan. These findings provide a new path to suppress the detrimental polysulfides shuttle effect in Al-S batteries, resulting in their improved cycle performance.

References

(1) Smajic, J.; Wee, S.; Simoes, F. R. F.; Hedhili, M. N.; Wehbe, N.; Abou-Hamad, E.; Costa, P. M. F. J. Capacity Retention Analysis in Aluminum-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater.
2020, 3 (7), 6805–6814.
(2) Zhang, Y.; Ma, L.; Tang, R.; Zheng, X.; Wang, X.; Dong, Y.; Kong, G.; Zhao, F.; Wei, L. The Host Hollow Carbon Nanospheres as Cathode Material for Nonaqueous Room-Temperature Al–S Batteries. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
2021, 46 (7), 4936–4946.
(3) Guo, Y.; Jin, H.; Qi, Z.; Hu, Z.; Ji, H.; Wan, L. J. Carbonized-MOF as a Sulfur Host for Aluminum–Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Capacity and Cycling Life. Adv. Funct. Mater.
2019, 29 (7), 1–6.
(4) Wang, Z.; Zheng, X.; Chen, A.; Han, Y.; Wei, L.; Li, J. Unraveling the Anchoring Effect of MXene-Supported Single Atoms as Cathodes for Aluminum−Sulfur Batteries. ACS Mater. Lett.
2022, 4, 8, 1436-1445.
(5) Xu, C.; Diemant, T.; Liu, X.; Passerini, S. Modified Solid Electrolyte Interphases with Alkali Chloride Additives for Aluminum–Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Cyclability. Adv. Funct. Mater.
2023. 2214405.
Inkjet Printed Ti3C2 Electrodes for Anode-Free Zinc-Ion Battery
Authors: Gibertini Eugenio , Montanelli Vittorio , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Magagnin Luca 
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing techniques are coming to the fore in many technological fields as cheaper and more versatile manufacturing routes alternative to the physical deposition methods. In particular, when miniaturized, thin-film or patterned structures are needed, Inkjet printing (IJP) has been widely demonstrated as suitable techniques to fabricate coated electrodes and microdevices for many applications including energy storage 1. In this regard, Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are a promising alternative to the traditional lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of zinc. In ZIBs, a metallic Zn chips is usually employed as the anode and a variety of materials, such as metal oxides or polymers, as the cathode. Zinc-ion batteries have the potential for high energy density and long cycle life, however they suffer of the well-known issue of Zn dendritic growth and poor efficiency of the plating-dissolution process 2. Ti3C2 MXene have been recently demonstrated as a high-performance “zincophilic” substrate for smooth and efficient zinc with high reversibility 3,4.
In this work, we investigate inkjet-printed Ti3C2 MXene thin coatings as an ideal substrate for anode-free ZIBs. Stable aqueous Ti3C2 MXene inks were formulated and successfully inkjet printed on different substrates. The zinc metal nucleation phenomena on MXene 2D sheets were investigated by electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization techniques as well as galvanostatic ones, comparing them to a zinc metallic foil. Ex-situ electron scanning microscopy (SEM) analyses were employed to observe the plated Zn morphology after cycling at both low and high current density. Taking advantage of the smooth inkjet-printed Ti3C2 MXene coatings, electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) was used for the first time to perform in-operando investigation of the Zn plating process, allowing to reveal the early stage Zn plating mechanism on the as-printed

Bibliography

C. Li, F. Bu, Q. Wang, and X. Liu, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9, 2201051 (2022).

K. Wang, ACS Omega, 5, 10225–10227 (2020).

J. M. Park et al., Journal of Energy Chemistry, 76, 187–194 (2023).

Z. Gong et al., Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 625, 700–710 (2022).
Improved Iron Flow Battery Designs for Low-Cost Grid Storage
Authors: Jayathilake Buddhinie Srimali , Ivanovskaya Anna N. , Overland Alexandra E. L. , Chandrasekaran Swetha 
Published: February 2024

To achieve grid-scale energy security through widespread deployment of flow batteries we need to rapidly advance low-cost, scalable, and durable technologies. Even though, earth-abundant iron-based technologies offer low-cost storage solutions projecting levelized cost for storage >$0.05/kWh, durability is yet a major issue hindering the commercialization.Hybrid nature of the system is also another barrier to achieve energy-dense scalable systems compared to all soluble flow batteries. Our present study focuses on understanding the factors affecting long-term durability of the full-cell device and overcoming them by improving electrolyte properties, key reactor components including membrane separators and electrode structures and the kinetics of metal deposition/ dissolution process.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Funding was provided by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Grant 22-DR-014. IM release number: LLNL-ABS-847140.
Impact of Power Electronic Converter Ripples on Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Dutta Oindrilla , Wittman Reed M , Mueller Jacob 
Published: February 2024

The worldwide effort to decarbonize the electricity grid has made battery energy storage system (BESS) an essential technology. A promising technology for long duration storage on the grid is Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs), which can support the grid by regulating peak load, reducing intermittency of large-scale renewables, and as emergency power supply. There are two primary methods of integrating a BESS to the grid. Frist, the BESS is directly connected to the DC-link of a DC-AC converter that interfaces with the grid. Second, the BESS is connected to a DC-DC converter that in turn interfaces with the DC-link of a DC-AC converter. These converters all have a characteristic ripple voltage and current during operation. The magnitude and frequency of the ripples depend on topology and switching frequency of a converter, controller design and protocol, type of connection to the grid, voltage magnitude and load characteristics. Currently, studies on the impact of ripples have been limited to Lithium-ion and Lead-Acid batteries. The impact of ripple current and voltage has not been studied in VRFBs. In a VRFB, potential impact includes excessive gassing of hydrogen and carbon corrosion of the bipolar plate and porous electrode and cell heating. To better integrate and operate VRFBs to the electricity grid, the impact of ripples needs to be studied in detail.
Using a novel experimental platform, where both magnitude and frequency of ripples will be incorporated, we will emulate the performance of different power electronic converter configurations. It will comprise standard 5cm2 VRFB cells with a carbon felt electrode and Nafion ion exchange membrane. The various converter ripples in an electricity grid setting will be emulated by superimposing the signals from a potentiostat (constant current) and a high frequency transformer (modulated ripples), which will be connected to the cathode of the cells.
The experimental testbed will be used to cycle the VRFB cells at various states of charge with ripples that emulate the performance of power electronic converters during grid operations and disturbances. Varied parameters will include ripple amplitude, ripple frequency, electrolyte flow rate, applied current density and state of charge. Measurement data from monitoring voltage of each electrode, cell voltage and current, gas generation, electrolyte crossover and electrolyte loss will be analyzed to determine the impact of ripples on VRFB cells. Finally, the cells will be monitored for signs of gas generation and postmortem signs of carbon corrosion.
Our analysis will determine the impact of various ripple magnitude and frequencies on VRFBs in a simulated grid integration environment. This work will facilitate the development of design standards for power electronic converters that are intended for battery applications, while also informing future efforts to optimize VRFB cell and stack performance.
Techno-Economic Optimization of Flow Batteries Using the Optimization Potential to Prioritize Different Optimization Possibilities for the Development of Industrial Scale Applications
Authors: Gerlach Daniel , Noack Jens , Dev Rabin Siva , Davaasuren Ganzorig , Roznyatovskaya Nataliya , Trupp Sabine , Pinkwart Karsten 
Published: February 2024

The challenges of climate change are becoming more and more relevant to society. This also increases the need for a wider use of renewable energies, which, due to their fluctuating availability, also increases the need for the possibility of intermediate storage in other forms of energy. Flow batteries (FB) have the advantage that they store electrical energy chemically in electrolytes and are scalable in terms of power and energy. To achieve a successful broad market entry of FBs, not only the technical performance but also the economic efficiency of the system is important. Known FBs must therefore be optimized techno-economically for specific applications. In this regard, not every technically possible improvement has the same positive impact on the economically relevant performance or the energy-related specific costs.
Therefore, an existing techno-economic model [1] based on a 10 kW / 120 kWh Vanadium FB (VFB) was further developed and a standardized laboratory scale FB was defined for further research which only differs in the used electrolyte. Based on extensive validation measurements using standardized test cycles, VFBs and organic FBs (MV/TEMPOL and AQDS/BQDS) in different molarities were analyzed and compared with this model.
The component-wise sensitivity analyses of that model show battery-specific optimization potentials. With those techno-economically appropriate optimizations can be planned.
The additionally developed stand-alone software, into which the model was transferred, can simulate various aqueous flow batteries, which offers versatile application possibilities. Additional areas relevant to the evaluation, such as infrastructure and financing costs, can also be included. Upscaling of simulated FBs to industrial application is also possible. In this talk, some results of this techno-economic approach will be presented.
[1] J. Noack, L. Wietschel, N. Roznyatovskaya, K. Pinkwart, and J. Tübke, Energies, 9, 627 (2016).

Figure 1
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Copper in Humid Bentonite Powder
Authors: Fujimoto Shinji , Miyabe Sayaka , Tsuchiya Hiroaki 
Published: February 2024

Copper is one of the candidate materials for over pack of nuclear waste geological disposal. Overpack would be exposed to hot oxygenated humid atmosphere in the initial stage of disposal, because air introduced during burying operation. In the present work, the authors examined the corrosion behavior of copper, which is contact with bentonite powder in humid environment.
Specimens were prepared from oxygen-free pure copper sheets. The surface was ground
with SiC papers up to #2000 and then mirror-finished with alumina suspensions. Bentonite powder (Kunigel VI; Kunimine Ind., Co., Ltd.) was exposed to an air of 63, 75 and 80 % relative humidity at 60 ℃. Th bentonite power absorbs water, but is still keeping powder fluidity.
The cupper specimens was buried in the humid bentonite power to observe behavior of corrosion, and also the Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) was performed in the humid bentonite powder.
Cathodic stripping voltammetry of specimens immersed in the humid bentonite power showed
two peaks derived from copper oxide and copper sulfide to reveal thickness of corrosion products. Tarnish rupture type SCC of cupper was also confirmed by SSRT in the humid bentonite powder. In this presentation, correlation between properties of corrosion products and SCC susceptibility will be discussed.
(Invited) Earth-Abundant Cathode Active Materials: Research and Development on Mn-Rich Oxides
Authors: Croy Jason R. , Gutierrez Arturo , Chen Jiajun , Mallick Subhadip , Kwok Chun Yuen , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Vu Anh , Lee Eungje , Shi Boyu , Tewari Deepti , Srinivasan Venkat , Gim Jihyeon , Thackeray Michael M 
Published: February 2024

The United States Department of Energy (DoE) has recently released its vision for the future of batteries in the United States, titled The National Blueprint for Lithium Batteries. This document outlines the key areas of investment most critical to enabling a more secure and independent ecosystem around lithium-based batteries for the U.S. and is heavily influenced by the ideas of sustainable technological development. In this regard, earth-abundant cathode active materials are particularly attractive.
Although Ni is considered an earth-abundant element and it plays a critical role in high-performance vehicle applications, concerns over Ni demand and the stability of supply chains have already surfaced and the cost-effectiveness of high-Ni cathodes could remain an issue. In addition, the environmental impact of increased Ni processing to meet demand, specifically of low-grade ores, should be addressed.
Mn is substantially more abundant in the earth’s crust than Ni or Co and significantly less expensive. In addition, Mn has a rich history and still promising future in energy storage applications.1

This presentation will explore research and development efforts within the DoE’s Vehicle Technologies Office ‘Deep Dive’ program, Earth-abundant Cathode Active Materials (EaCAM), led by Argonne National Laboratory. This seven-lab consortium is focused on enabling new designs in high Mn, low Ni, Co-free cathodes towards diversifying the portfolio of viable materials for commercial applications.
1. A. Gutierrez, D. Tewari, J. Chen, V. Srinivasan, M. Balasubramanian, and Jason R. Croy, Earth-Abundant, Mn-Rich Cathodes for Vehicle Applications and Beyond: Overview of Critical Barriers, 2023 J. Electrochem. Soc.
170030509DOI 10.1149/1945-7111/acbee4
(Invited) Effect of Carbonaceous Materials on the Performance of Supercapacitors
Authors: Singhal Rahul 
Published: February 2024

Carbonaceous materials such as carbon blacks, activated carbons, multi walled/single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and biochar are found to be useful for energy storage applications because of their large specific surface area, high conductivity, high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, and low cost.
In order to optimize the concentration of MWCNT in MnO2/MWCNT nanocomposite, we have synthesized MnO2/MWCNT nanocomposite with varying concentration of MWCNT such as pure MnO2, 1mg/ml, 4 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml MWCNT in reaction mixture. The samples were identified as MnO2, M-CNT 100, M-CNT 400, and M-CNT 1000. From cyclic voltammetric studies at various scan rate, we plotted a graph between peak current () versus the scanning rate () and found that the slope of anodic (cathodic) peak for MnO2, M-CNT 100, M-CNT 400, and M-CNT 1000 were found to be 0.48 (0.42), 0.70 (0.61), 0.60 (0.54), and 0.52 (0.47), respectively. We also found that at a current density of 0.5 A/g, pure MnO2 has a specific capacitance of 124 F/g. The addition of MWCNT initially increases the specific capacitance to 145 F/g for M-CNT 100 nanocomposite; however, at the 400-mg and 1000-mg concentrations the specific capacitance decreases to 135 F/g and 102 F/g, respectively.
Besides this, we have also studied the effect of binder on capacitive performance of MnO2/CuS/rGO samples and found that the specific capacitance of the composite materials increased upon decreasing the binder. The detailed results of our recent investigations on carbonaceous materials for supercapacitor applications will be presented at 244th ECS meeting.
Optimization of Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for High Voltage Micro-Supercapacitors
Authors: Zaccagnini Pietro , Reina Marco , Arcoraci Davide , Baudino Luisa , Serrapede Mara , Pedico Alessandro , Molino Davide , Martellone Simone , Bianco Stefano , Lamberti Andrea 
Published: February 2024

With the development of grid-based distributed sensing with low-power electronics, the need for delocalized power supplies, Energy Storage Devices (ESDs) are moving toward miniaturized scales. Among ESDs, micro-supercapacitors (µSC) are currently under development as an alternative or complementary power supply/backup to batteries. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is an emerging technology based on the laser conversion of polymers into graphene-based conductive materials. Polyimide (PI) is the most investigated polymer, moreover, it finds several applications in the electronics field. Laser scribing of polymers fastens the device processing reducing the number of wet chemistry steps carried out to fabricate micro-devices.
PI Kapton foils of 125 µm thickness were used as substrate materials to produce LIG samples. A CO2 laser was exploited to convert polymeric samples and to pattern hard masks to print devices of optimized geometry and material properties. Further, electrodeposition processes can be used to increase the material capacity by depositing transition metal oxides with pseudocapacitive features. Among them, maganese oxide can be electrodeposited anodically without recurring to any thermal step. Tuning the LIG storage mechanism, and combining them, allows several degrees of freedom to design devices able to work in organic electrolyte environments in voltage windows ranging from 2.5 V up to 4.5 V. Moreover, optimization of electrode charges allows for improving the overall device lifetime and energetic efficiency.