bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ethnicity and gender on first‐contact rates for schizophrenia‐like psychosis in Bangladeshi, Black and White elders in Tower Hamlets, London
Authors: Mitter Pamina R. , Krishnan Sarada , Bell Peter , Stewart Robert , Howard Robert J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundA recent study of very‐late onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis (SLP) in South London showed an increase in first contact rates amongst African‐ and Caribbean‐born elders compared to British‐born ones. This study investigates incident first contact rates in an area of East London with a high Bangladeshi population, to investigate if Bangladeshi‐born elders also have an increased referral rate for SLP.MethodRetrospective case note review of first contacts to the old age psychiatry service from 1997 to 2002 identifying cases of schizophrenia‐like psychosis. In addition, a one‐year review of first contacts for all diagnostic categories was completed. Gender, ethnicity and place of birth were established from the case notes.ResultsAmong the African‐ and Caribbean‐born, but not the Bangladeshi‐born, the odds ratio (OR) of being referred with SLP was significantly higher than for the British‐born population. We observed a loss of the reported effect of female gender. For Whites the odds ratio for female gender and psychosis was 2.5 (1.0–6.1) and for non‐Whites 0.8 (0.3–2.7) which was a trend away from the expected male to female ratio. In the one‐year review there was a higher rate of referrals for organic disease in Bangladeshi men compared to Bangladeshi women and British‐born men and women.ConclusionsBangladeshi elderly migrants do not have an increased rate of SLP compared to indigenous elders. The usual female preponderance of SLP is not apparent in this elderly migrant population. Old age psychiatry services in the UK should take into account the increasing needs of Bangladeshi elders with dementia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Runoff modelling at two field slopes: use of in situ measurements of air permeability to characterize spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Iversen Bo V. , Moldrup Per , Loll Per 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe time required at a field site to obtain a few measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) will allow for many measurements of soil air permeability (ka). This study investigates if ka measured in situ (ka, in situ) can be a substitute for measurement of Ks in relation to infiltration and surface runoff modelling. Measurements of ka, in situ were carried out in two small agricultural catchments. A spatial correlation of the log‐transformed values existed having a range of approximately 100 m. A predictive relationship between Ks and ka measured on 100‐cm3 soil samples in the laboratory was derived for one of the field slopes and showed good agreement with an earlier suggested predictive Ks–ka relationship. In situ measurements of Ks and ka suggested that the predictive relationships also could be used at larger scale. The Ks–ka relationships together with the ka, in situ data were applied in a distributed surface runoff (DSR) model, simulating a high‐intensity rainfall event. The DSR simulation results were highly dependent on whether the geometric average of ka, in situ or kriged values of ka, in situ was used as model input. When increasing the resolution of Ks in the DSR model, a limit of 30–40 m was found for both field slopes. Below this limit, the simulated runoff and hydrograph peaks were independent of resolution scale. If only a few randomly chosen values of Ks were used to represent the spatial variation within the field slope, very large deviations in repeated DSR simulation results were obtained, both with respect to peak height and hydrograph shape. In contrast, when using many predicted Ks values based on a Ks–ka relationship and measured ka, in situ data, the DSR model generally captured the correct hydrograph shape although simulations were sensitive to the chosen Ks–ka relationship. As massive measurement efforts normally will be required to obtain a satisfactory representation of the spatial variability in Ks, the use of ka, in situ to assess spatial variability in Ks appears a promising alternative. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
National identifications and attitudes to national ingroups and outgroups amongst children living in the Basque country
Authors: Reizábal Luixa , Valencia Jose , Barrett Martyn 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the development of national identification in children growing up in the Basque Country. The sample consisted of 246 children aged 6, 9, 12 and 15 years old who belonged to three linguistic subgroups: children who spoke only Basque with their parents in their home, children who spoke only Spanish in their home, and children who spoke both Basque and Spanish in their home. It was found that national identifications differed in the three linguistic subgroups. Furthermore, the three subgroups exhibited different evaluations of, and feelings towards, the national ingroup and a number of national outgroups. The positive and affective distinctiveness ascribed to the Basque and Spanish national groups was correlated with the strength of identification with the Basque and Spanish groups, respectively. The attitudes towards national outgroups which were exhibited by these children did not show any changes as a function of age. It is argued that the cognitive‐developmental account of the development of national attitudes is unable to explain the patterns of findings which were obtained, but that social identity theory can explain the correlation between the strength of national identification and the positive and affective distinctiveness which was ascribed to the ingroup. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to child care, parenting style and attachment security
Authors: Caldera Yvonne M. , Hart Sybil 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe present study addressed whether security of attachment is differentiated by quality of parenting and quantity of exposure to child care. Sixty mothers participated with their 14‐month‐old infants, who by the age of 12‐months had received either exclusive maternal care, or varying degrees of exposure to child care. Levels of attachment security were assessed through maternal completion of the Attachment Q‐Set(AQS); parenting quality was assessed through observations of mother–infant interactions during structured tasks. The scores that less sensitive mothers assign their toddlers is higher when their children are in child care for more hours per week; whereas the scores that more sensitive mothers assign their toddlers is lower when their children are in child care for more hours per week. These contrasting patterns suggest that the effects of parenting style on attachment security are moderated by quantity of exposure to child care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mother versus stranger: a triadic situation of imitation at the end of the first year of life
Authors: Devouche Emmanuel 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study presents two experiments investigating 8‐ and 12‐month‐old infants' imitative behaviour. Seventy‐two 8‐month‐olds and seventy‐two 12‐month‐olds were observed in a triadic situation which included their mother and a stranger. Depending on the condition, either the mother or the stranger acted as the demonstrator and either stayed close or withdrew after the demonstration, during the response period. In addition to imitative acts, visual exploration and smiles addressed, respectively, to each partner were computed. Results showed that at both ages, neither the familiarity nor the position of the partner has an effect on the number of target gestures that are imitated. At 12 months, infants looked and smiled more at the stranger when he demonstrated target actions but no difference was found when the mother acted as demonstrator. Moreover, 12‐month‐old infants looked more at the demonstrating partner immediately after their first imitation. At 8 months, infants paid more attention to the stranger in all conditions except when the mother performed the target actions and moved away, a pattern that suggests a referencing to the mother. Results from the gaze and smile variables suggest that with age different motivations (social contact, exploration of objects) induce imitation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visuo‐spatial play experience: forerunner of visuo‐spatial achievement in preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls?
Authors: Robert Michèle , Héroux Gisèle 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study explored whether participation, from early childhood, in play involving different cognitive abilities predicts visuo‐spatial achievement at ages 9, 12, and 15. Based on parental assessment, prior and present practice of spatial manipulation play was found to be consistently more frequent in boys than in girls; the reverse held true for verbal expression play. Whereas boys did not significantly outperform girls in three visuo‐spatial tasks, girls were superior on a contrastive vocabulary task. In general, with IQ statistically controlled, regression analyses showed that estimated past and present spatial manipulation play predicted both genders' proficiency in the water‐level task and Embedded Figures Test, as did mothers' socioeconomic status for Block Design performance. Contrastingly, a negative relation was established between spatial manipulation play and vocabulary scores. Similar to the activity‐ability association often identified among adults, the relation established here between spatial play experience and visuo‐spatial ability was only modest. Further research should aim at more definitive conclusions through augmenting both diversity in the visuo‐spatial skills measured and sophistication in play behaviour appraisal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Swedish parents' self‐reported use of discipline in response to continued misconduct by their pre‐school children
Authors: Palmérus Kerstin , Jutengren Göran 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study examined the effects that re‐occurring episodes of child transgression have on Swedish parents' use of discipline strategies. Mothers and fathers from 84 two‐parent families were interviewed about their responses to first‐ and second‐time episodes of hypothetical transgressions committed by their 3‐6‐year‐olds. The results showed that when their children did not respond to initial discipline, parents exchanged their use of verbal control for the strategies of coercion and behaviour modification and thereby increased the pressure on their children to comply. However, this finding was valid only for serious transgressions. For mild transgressions, parents' behaviour was consistent across first‐ and second‐time episodes. The conclusion that is drawn is that parents appear to be willing to follow up initial disciplining attempts. The Swedish corporal punishment ban, which has been in force since 1979, therefore appears not to have influenced parents to become permissive in their attitudes toward their children's misconduct. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A: Mechanisms
Authors: Knaapen Ad M. , Borm Paul J.A. , Albrecht Catrin , Schins Roel P.F. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBoth occupational and environmental exposure to particles is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Particles are thought to impact on genotoxicity as well as on cell proliferation via their ability to generate oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). For mechanistic purposes, one should discriminate between a) the oxidant‐generating properties of particles themselves (i.e., acellular), which are mostly determined by the physicochemical characteristics of the particle surface, and b) the ability of particles to stimulate cellular oxidant generation. Cellular ROS/RNS can be generated by various mechanisms, including particle‐related mitochondrial activation or NAD(P)H‐oxidase enzymes. In addition, since particles can induce an inflammatory response, a further subdivision needs to be made between primary (i.e., particle‐driven) and secondary (i.e., inflammation‐driven) formation of oxidants. Particles may also affect genotoxicity by their ability to carry surface‐adsorbed carcinogenic components into the lung. Each of these pathways can impact on genotoxicity and proliferation, as well as on feedback mechanisms involving DNA repair or apoptosis. Although abundant evidence suggests that ROS/RNS mediate particle‐induced genotoxicity and mutagenesis, little information is available towards the subsequent steps leading to neoplastic changes. Additionally, since most of the proposed molecular mechanisms underlying particle‐related carcinogenesis have been derived from in vitro studies, there is a need for future studies that evaluate the implication of these mechanisms for in vivo lung cancer development. In this respect, transgenic and gene knockout animal models may provide a useful tool. Such studies should also include further assessment of the relative contributions of primary (inflammation‐independent) and secondary (inflammation‐driven) pathways. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression, regulation and function of autotaxin in thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Kehlen Astrid , Englert Nadine , Seifert Anja , Klonisch Thomas , Dralle Henning , Langner Jürgen , Hoang‐Vu Cuong 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAutotaxin (ATX/NPP2) is a tumor cell motility‐stimulating factor that displays both a nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase activity and a recently described lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity. The precise function of ATX in tumor cells and the role of ATX in thyroid carcinoma remains unclear. We have quantified ATX mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma cell lines and in tissues of patients with thyroid carcinomas. ATX gene activity was significantly higher in undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines (UTC) and tumor tissues as compared to follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) cell lines, FTC tissues or goiter tissues that were used as a control. In the thyroid carcinoma cell line 1736, EGF and bFGF stimulated ATX mRNA expression, whereas the cytokines IL‐4, IL‐1β and TGF‐β reduced ATX transcriptional levels. FTC‐133 cells, stably transfected with an expression vector for ATX, showed a higher lysoPLD activity, a higher proliferation rate and an increased migratory behavior. In addition, ATX also displayed a paracrine stimulatory effect on the motility of different thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Overexpression of ATX in the stably transfected FTC‐133 resulted in down‐regulation of CD54/ intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) gene expression and augmented gene activity of the pro‐angiogenic chemokine IL‐8. We conclude that ATX may be regarded as a new tissue marker for undifferentiated human thyroid carcinoma cells. ATX increases the proliferation and migration of thyroid carcinoma cell lines and may also affect the angiogenic potential of thyroid carcinoma cells. Further studies are needed to provide insight into the role of ATX in the normal and neoplastic thyroid gland. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of serum deprivation on constitutive production of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor in lung cancer cells
Authors: Uemura Yoshiki , Kobayashi Makoto , Nakata Hideshi , Harada Ryoji , Kubota Tetsuya , Taguchi Hirokuni 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe previously established 2 lung cancer cell lines, OKa‐C‐1 and MI‐4, which constitutively produce an abundant dose of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Many other cases with G‐CSF or GM‐CSF producing tumors have been reported up to the present. However, the biological properties of the overproduction of G‐CSF and GM‐CSF by tumor cells have not been well known. Several reports demonstrated the presence of an autocrine growth loop for G‐CSF and GM‐CSF in nonhematopoietic tumor cells. We showed that exogenous G‐CSF and GM‐CSF stimulated cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner in OKa‐C‐1 and MI‐4 cells. We could detect the presence of G‐CSF and GM‐CSF receptors in both cell lines by RT‐PCR analysis. We have previously shown that inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β enhance the expression of G‐CSF and GM‐CSF in the cell lines. However, the factors that regulate constitutive production of G‐CSF or GM‐CSF by tumor cells are still unknown well. In our study, we first reported that serum deprivation stimulated constitutive production of G‐CSF and GM‐CSF by lung tumor cells through activation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling. We suggest that G‐CSF and GM‐CSF constitutively produced by tumor cells could grow tumor itself and rescue tumor cells from the cytotoxicity of serum deprivation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying progression‐associated genes in adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma by using oligonucleotide microarrays
Authors: Tsukasaki Kunihiro , Tanosaki Sakae , DeVos Sven , Hofmann Wolf K. , Wachsman William , Gombart Adrian F. , Krebs Johannes , Jauch Anna , Bartram Claus R. , Nagai Kazuhiro , Tomonaga Masao , Said Jonathan W. , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is associated with human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1). To understand the changes in expression that occur in the progression of chronic phase of ATL to acute crisis, the gene expression profiles of fresh ATL cells were compared in 4 pairs of samples (progression of chronic to acute phase in 3 patients, as well as 1 typical chronic phase sample vs. 1 typical acute phase sample) using high‐density oligonucleotide DNA arrays. We identified 203 genes that were commonly upregulated in acute vs. chronic phase samples including ribosomal proteins, proteosome subunits, eukaryotic translation factors, immunophilins, heat shock proteins and genes important for DNA replication. Additionally, we identified 91 commonly downregulated genes including immune molecules related to MHC and a phosphatase. Several of the genes were previously identified to be associated with the Tax protein of HTLV‐1. Some of the upregulated genes were located in amplified regions identified by comparative genomic hybridization in the corresponding chronic/acute ATL sample. Using real‐time quantitative PCR, we confirmed the array‐results in those specimens analyzed by microarray. These results demonstrated that distinct sets of genes that are known to be critical in cellular transformation and/or activation are up‐ or down‐regulated during the transition to the acute phase of ATL. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beta‐glucan enhanced killing of renal cell carcinoma micrometastases by monoclonal antibody G250 directed complement activation
Authors: Sier Cornelis F.M. , Gelderman Kyra A. , Prins Frans A. , Gorter Arko 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMetastases from renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy but are relatively immunogenic. We have investigated the possibility to eliminate human RCC micrometastases using MAb G250. G250 penetrates human micrometastases completely in a spheroid model and induces complement deposition rapidly on the outmost cell layers. However, complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was barely detected using either51chromium release assays or confocal microscopy, due to relatively low expression of the G250 antigen and the effect of membrane bound complement regulatory proteins. Addition of blocking anti‐CD59 MAbs enhanced formation of C5b‐9 and consequently complement mediated lysis (13%). Complement assisted cellular cytotoxicity (CACC) was not detectable, although the iC3b ligand and CR3 receptor were present on respectively target and effector cells. Addition of soluble β‐glucan induced the killing of MAb and iC3b opsonized spheroids by effector cells (6–21%). Despite a lower affinity for G250 antigen, a bispecific anti‐G250*anti‐CD55 MAb enhanced cell killing in spheroids comparable to the parental G250 MAb. Our results suggest that complement‐activating G250 in combination with anti‐mCRP MAbs is able to kill human RCC cells in micrometastasisin vitro. For CACC the presence of CR3‐priming β‐glucan seems to be obligatory.In vivo, bi‐MAb may be more effective as therapeutic agent due to its increased C5a generating properties. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of MUC1 expression by indole‐3‐carbinol
Authors: Lee Insong J. , Han Feng , Baek Jin , Hisatsune Akinori , Kim Kwang Chul 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed by a majority of carcinomas. High expression of MUC1 is associated with aggressive tumors, and MUC1 antigen is used as a marker to monitor disease progression in breast cancer patients. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that the overexpression of MUC1 contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. In this report, we demonstrate that the naturally occurring cancer preventative, indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), inhibits the expression of MUC1 in breast cancer cells. I3C inhibited both MUC1 mRNA and protein levels in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. This inhibition was seen in the estrogen responsive MCF‐7 cells as well as unresponsive MDA‐MB‐468 cells, indicating that the inhibitory pathway is independent of estrogen receptor. Gene expression studies using the human MUC1 gene promoter connected to a luciferase reporter demonstrated that I3C inhibits the transcription of the MUC1 gene. Promoter deletion studies indicate that the region containing up to 600 bp upstream (−600) of the initiation site is sufficient for inhibition by I3C. Furthermore, I3C represses the activation of transcription mediated by the region between −600 and −450 bp. A putative xenobiotic response element was located within this region but the binding of AhR/Arnt heterodimer to this site was undetectable by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Our results may point to the existence of a novel pathway of transcriptional inhibition by I3C in cancer cells as well as a new mechanism of MUC1 gene inhibition. Our findings might have implications in the use of I3C as a preventative as well as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ABCG2 overexpression in colon cancer cells resistant to SN38 and in irinotecan‐treated metastases
Authors: Candeil Laurent , Gourdier Isabelle , Peyron Delphine , Vezzio Nadia , Copois Virginie , Bibeau Frederic , Orsetti Beatrice , Scheffer George L. , Ychou Marc , Khan Qasim A. , Pommier Yves , Pau Bernard , Martineau Pierre , Del Rio Maguy 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOvercoming drug resistance has become an important issue in cancer chemotherapy. Among all known mechanisms that confer resistance, active efflux of chemotherapeutic agents by proteins from the ATP‐binding cassette family has been extensively reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the involvement of ABCG2 in resistance to SN38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan) in colorectal cancer. By progressive exposure to increasing concentrations of SN38, we isolated 2 resistant clones from the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116. These clones were 6‐ and 53‐fold more resistant to SN38 than the HCT116‐derived sensitive clone. Topoisomerase I expression was unchanged in our resistant variants. The highest resistance level correlated with an ABCG2 amplification. This overexpression was associated with a marked decrease in the intracellular accumulation of SN38. The inhibition of ABCG2 function by Ko143 demonstrated that enhanced drug efflux from resistant cells was mediated by the activity of ABCG2 protein and confirmed that ABCG2 is directly involved in acquired resistance to SN38. Furthermore, we show, for the first time in clinical samples, that the ABCG2 mRNA content in hepatic metastases is higher after an irinotecan‐based chemotherapy than in irinotecan‐naive metastases. In conclusion, this study supports the potential involvement of ABCG2 in the development of irinotecan resistance in vivo. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.