bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Hornblower Simon , Morgan Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
About five hundred years ago, there was a heavy snowfall one winter in Florence. Piero de’ Medici, heir to the great Lorenzo, made Michelangelo build what was surely the best snowman the world has ever seen. This story is told by Vasari in his Lives of the Artists. In some ways, much ancient Greek epinikian poetry may seem to resemble Michelangelo’s snowman: great art, but ephemeral. It is inconceivable that the only praise poems composed for victors in the games in the sixth and fifth centuries BC were the forty-four by Pindar and the dozen of so by Bacchylides which happen to survive.
Fame, Memorial, and Choral Poetry: The Origins of Epinikian Poetry—an Historical Study
Authors: Thomas Rosalind 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
His odes also tend to portray the victor in a generalized—and so all the more powerful and seductive—aura of blessedness and happiness, a felicity which is often quite explicitly linked by the poet to the victor’s ancestors and a hereditary excellence born from past heroes. This is a central aristocratic ideal, and the epinikian odes do much to elevate these victors, even while they mention the victor’s toil. Most victors must have hailed from the very wealthiest echelons of Greek society.
Epinikian Eidography
Authors: Lowe N J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What we do not know about epinikian poetry would fill many unwritten volumes. Even if we leave aside the issues of commissioning and performance that dominate discussion, it is uncomfortable to reflect how many still more basic questions about the epinikian genre remain unanswered: how much of this poetry there originally was; who composed it, and what proportion of their output (and living) it represented; to what extent, and on what criteria, it was recognized as a distinct category in the fifth century; and how, whence, and on what principles it was collected and categorized by the Alexandrian editors, not all of them firmly identifiable, to whom we owe the survival of such texts as we have.
Elite Mobility in the West
Authors: Antonaccio Carla M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pindar’s patrons were located all over the Greek world, from Thessaly and Macedon to Cyrene, from Sicily and Italy to Ionia. He was particularly favoured, however, by patrons in the west. Of forty-five poems in four books of Pindaric epinikian, seventeen were commissioned for victors from what is customarily called ‘Western Greece’ or Magna Graecia (Fig. 54). Most of the epinikia for these so-called western Greeks, moreover, were composed for Sicilians—only two celebrated south Italian victories, both of Hagesidamos of Epizephyrian Lokroi (Olympian 10 and 11), a victor in boys’ boxing in 476.
Minoritarian sensibilities
Authors: Patke Rajeev S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poetry that speaks of and for the experience of islanders, aboriginal inhabitants, and recently migrated ethnic minorities in settler countries shares two features: it shows how the struggle for equality of rights and opportunities at once both motivates and delimits writing; it also shows how ‘postcolonial’ both applies to, and needs qualification in respect to, certain communities and their predicaments. In a broad sense, all postcolonial writing addresses predicaments of accumulated cultural and literary disadvantage. Islanders add a specific nuance to this broad commonality. Either they feel dominated by a mainland culture that happens to be in close proximity, or they are distant from any kind of mainland culture, in which case poets end up feeling isolated from any kind of tradition they can call their own. Aboriginal inhabitants find themselves marginalized within the region where their race has been displaced by later settlers and colonists. Finally, those who migrated to settler regions well after the establishment of societies and cultures of European derivation, find themselves writing from the position of an ethnic minority struggling to find representation and recognition in a cultural environment that discriminates directly or indirectly against them. In each case, poetry addresses a form of contemporary colonization that persists in the wake of Empire.
After the ‘post-’
Authors: Patke Rajeev S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has been written under the premise that the currency of ‘postcolonial’ will meet with a natural datedness when societies shed postcolonial dependency and move closer to their dream of cultural autonomy. For the time being, ‘postcolonial’ retains contingent utility. It has been used in this book to refer to a dual recognition: as a shifting temporal marker, and as referring to a variety of situations that represent the literary, cultural, and socio-political consequences of colonialism. This dual sense constitutes a provisional field of literary production in which poetry can be analysed for how it shows the development of new creative possibilities and traditions from the demise of Empire.
Workplace-researcher relationship: early research strategy and avoiding the ‘data dearth’
Authors: Amick III Benjamin C , Bigelow Phil , Cole Donald C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Designing and implementing sound evaluations of occupational health and safety (OHS) interventions is a challenge. Employers are generally uninterested in allowing workers to take time off work to participate in evaluations and many wince at randomization, where some workers receive an intervention and others do not. If it is the intent of researchers also to collect cost, productivity and other data, the challenges become even more daunting: not only must they convince workplace parties (management and labour) to participate, but they must also identify interested employers who have adequate data on health, productivity outcomes, and costs, or who are able and willing to collect it.
Suggestions for a reference case
Authors: Tompa Emile , Culyer Anthony J , Dolinschi Roman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A key feature of both Gold et al (1996) and NICE (2004) is their provision of methodological guidance and best practice in the form of a reference case. The purpose of a reference case is to ensure that methods are based on sound economics and to help ensure that these soundly-based principles are consistently applied in economic evaluations, regardless of the intervention or the sector in which the evaluation is undertaken. The primary benefit of standardization is that it makes the results from different studies more readily comparable. Having a reference case does not preclude analysts undertaking other types of analysis or supplementing the guidance embodied in the reference case in other ways. However, departures from the reference case should be justified on the basis of potential shortcomings of the reference case for a specific context. In this chapter we synthesize the summaries, conclusions, challenges, and recommendations from the preceding chapters to formulate a reference case for economic evaluations in occupational health and safety (OHS). We think it is worth trying to build such a professional scientific consensus, and our prescriptions are intended to serve as a starting point. Our proposed reference case provides a minimal set of criteria for planning, assembling, and reporting economic evaluations of OHS interventions.
Parasites and behaviour
Authors: Perrot-Minnot Marie-Jeanne , Cézilly Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The occurrence of parasitic species in the environment is a major evolutionary constraint for a whole range of living organisms. From this viewpoint any form of behaviour may potentially contribute to reducing or increasing the risk and/or consequences of infection. Each individual is regularly exposed to parasites during its life cycle, be it when feeding, breeding, interacting with its fellows, or even right from the time it develops as an embryo. Likewise, the fate of parasites, through their survival, development, or dispersion in the environment is more often than not tied to the behaviour of their hosts.
Happiness, Well-Being, and the Good Life: A Primer
Authors: Haybron Daniel M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There may be a philosophical topic more in need of clarification than happiness, but nothing comes to mind. So star-crossed is this territory that you will be hard-pressed to publish even an article on the subject without dedicating several pages to explaining what you are talking about. Whereupon you can count on a fair proportion of your audience to assume, nevertheless, that you are talking about something else. The trouble, we will see, is that the word has multiple meanings that are not easily distinguished, and which express closely related, and difficult, concepts. Thinking clearly about happiness requires mastering a number of subtle distinctions that frequently confound even professional philosophers. This chapter will lay out the conceptual and theoretical landscape, while the next explains the methods that will be needed to guide our inquiry into the nature and significance of happiness.
Needle guidance techniques
Authors: Marhofer Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have seen, there are two different needle guidance techniques used for ultrasound-guided nerve blocks: out-of-plane (OOP) and in-plane (IP). These techniques describe the position of the needle relative to the ultrasound probe. In principle, both techniques can be used for most blocks, but anatomical implications require that each specific block technique should be preferentially performed with IP or OOP.
Who’s afraid of the transcendental subject?
Authors: Berthoz Alain , Petit Jean-Luc , Macann Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From now on we shall be comparing two problems, a classical philosophical problem and a problem in the cognitive sciences of today. The classical philosophical problem is the problem of knowledge, of how we gain access to an object that does not belong to the subject, an external object. We are going to try and compare this philosophical problem with a problem in the cognitive sciences, which is that of determining how a brain, with its own anatomy, can develop within itself the mechanisms needed for objective knowledge.
The constitution of the own body
Authors: Berthoz Alain , Petit Jean-Luc , Macann Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we shall first explain why we have to ask the reader to consider in depth the problem of the body and more specifically our ‘own body’.
A major difficulty for the working out of a theory of action consists of the fact that an essential part of the mechanism of control for movement and perception is completely inaccessible to consciousness. This is what explains, in part, the fact that one continues to recognize only five senses—vision, touch, smell, hearing, and taste—overlooking muscular and articular proprioception and the vestibulary system, which figure among the fundamental kinaesthetic senses; that is, that ‘sense’, or that ‘knowledge’, the body has of its own activity.
Reign of the Snow Queen
Authors: Brasier Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schiehallion is a mountain like no other. Over two hundred years ago, this ‘Fay hill of the Caledonians’ which rises volcano-like from the flanks of Loch Tay, was used to weigh the Earth, and hence the Sun and planets, for the very first time. Soon after, it became the first to be mapped with contours. Just to make sure, that geological genius John Playfair mapped it and weighed it yet again. This place has a gravity all of its own.
Foraging Economics
Authors: Goulson Dave , Osborne Jullet L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Insect foraging behaviour is an area in which knowledge has advanced rapidly in recent years, and much of this research has focussed on bumblebees. There are a number of reasons why bumblebees are excellent organisms for studies of foraging behaviour: they are abundant in the northern hemisphere where most researchers are based; they are conspicuous, docile and easily observed without causing interference; and they forage ceaselessly, even under cool, cloudy conditions when other insects are inactive (a particular advantage if you happen to live in Scotland!). Furthermore, studies of pollinator behaviour are of particular interest because the majority of flowering plants rely on insects to mediate pollen transfer.
Choice of Flower Species
Authors: Goulson Dave 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although current plant-pollinator mutualisms represent the result of approximately 100 million years of co-evolution, extreme specialization is unusual (reviewed in Waser et al. 1996). There are a small number of plant species which depend on a single or very few pollinator species throughout their range; examples include the Yucca (Yucca sp.) (Bogler et al. 1995), Figs (Ficus sp.) (e.g. Wiebes 1979), various orchids such as Ophrys speculum (Orchidaceae) (Nilsson 1992), and a guild of red-flowered plants found in the Fynbos of South Africa which are pollinated by the butterfly Aeropetes tulbaghia (Marloth 1895; Johnson and Bond 1992). Examples in which an insect depends exclusively on one plant species for all of its nectar or pollen requirements appear to be even more scarce (Waser et al. 1996), and at present include a handful of species of bee (Westrich 1989). Interestingly, three bumblebee species are known that are each almost entirely dependent on one species or genera of flowers, at least in some populations or parts of their range; B. consobrinus on Aconitum septentrionale , B. gerstaeckeri on Aconitum spp. and B. brodmannicus on Cerinthe spp. (Løken 1973; Rasmont 1988; Konovalova 2007). All three are alpine species with short colony duration, which presumably allows them to specialize.
Bumblebees as Pollinators
Authors: Goulson Dave 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Darwin was fascinated by pollination and by bees, and particularly by bumblebees (or humble-bees, as he knew them). His prodigious correspondence is littered with descriptions of his observations on the interactions between bees and flowers; the quote above follows his inaccurate prediction that nectar-robbing honeybees on clover might have shorter tongues than those visiting the flowers legitimately. A great deal of what we know today about pollination is based on Darwin’s somewhat obsessive studies of the plants and insects in his garden in Kent.
Conservation
Authors: Goulson Dave , Darvill Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1996; Buchmann and Nabhan 1996; Westrich 1996; Westrich et al. 1998; Sarospataki et al. 2005; Goulson et al. 2008a). Unfortunately, detailed information on the abundance and distribution of most species is not available, and so it is difficult to accurately estimate the extent of this decline. The most comprehensive records available are from the United Kingdom, where detailed surveys of the distribution of bumblebee species have been carried out under the Bumblebee Distribution Maps Scheme (Alford 1980). Between 1970 and 1974, data were collected on the bumblebee fauna of 2,317 10-km grid squares, comprising most of the British Isles. This can be compared with a considerable body of ‘pre 1960’ records (see Williams 1982). This comparison, which is already 30 years out of date, revealed a dramatic decline in the distributions of many bumblebee species (Williams 1982). More recent data, albeit for a restricted group of species, are available from the studies of the Bumblebee Working Group (see Edwards 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001) and the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society (BWARs). These data suggest that the declines documented by Williams (1982) have continued.
Introduction
Authors: Shawcross Teresa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Never did Alexander or Charlemagne or King Louis lead such a gloriousexpedition, nor could the valiant lord Aimeri or Roland with his warriors winby might, in such noble fashion, such a powerful empire as we have wonߣ (vv.73–9).Writing in Greece in the summer of 1205, the troubadour Raimbautde Vaqueiras celebrated the Fourth Crusade by comparing its achievements with the greatest deeds known to history or legend. Another poet also gloried in the exploits performed by himself and his companions, and marvelled at the fabulous wealth that had subsequently fallen into their hands. ߢ Once we had succeeded in vanquishing our enemiesߣ , Hugues de Berzeߣ recalled, ߢ we were raised from poverty and surrounded by riches—emeralds and rubies, silks and purple, lands, gardens, and handsome marble palaces’ (vv.454–62).
The Versions
Authors: Shawcross Teresa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the Book of the Conquest of Constantinople, the Empire of Romania, and the Land of the Principality of Morea that was found in a book formerly belonging to the noble baron, Sir Bartolomeo Ghisi, the Grand Constable; which book he had in his castle of Thebes.’ These words, which form the title of the sole manuscript of the French version of the Chronicle of Morea (Brussels, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, 15702), have been characterized as containing the ‘only real information’ available to us regarding the early history of the Chronicle. The ‘castle of Thebes’ (‘chastel d’Estives’) referred to should be identified with the Frankish castle of Saint-Omer-les-Thèbes, an especially important stronghold situated within the Duchy of Athens, and one that changed hands on a number of occasions. These transfers of ownership of Saint-Omer-les-Thèbes, together with the dates when they occurred, are of significance in determining the precise period by which a text of the Chronicle had come into being. Probably built by a close kinsman of the Dukes of Athens, Nicolas II de Saint-Omer, using the fabulous wealth derived from his first wife, Marie d’Antioche, the castle had been the seat of the Saint-Omer family until the Catalan Company’s destructive arrival on the scene in the early fourteenth century. This Company, a powerful group of mercenaries hired by the Duke of Athens, Gautier V de Brienne, in order to protect his interests, had quickly grown dissatisfied with the conditions of its employment, and consequently, in 1311, rebelled and took up arms, not only killing the Duke himself and many of his vassals in a battle fought at the mouth of the Almyros river, but seizing the lands of the vanquished for its own.
Chantry, Chronicle, Cockpit
Authors: Walsh Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In representing the reigns of English monarchs from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries on the late-sixteenth-century stage, Shakespeare helped to define the past as ‘other’ from the present. While Shakespeare’s history plays do not aim toward periodization in our sense of the term, his so-called first and second tetralogies do isolate a span of time characterized within the plays through a range of representational strategies, as distinct from the performative present of the 1590s. Henry V, the play that caps Shakespeare’s exploration of the pre-Tudor English monarchy, stands out in this regard, and is thus the most inviting site in his canon to examine Shakespeare as a historical thinker. The play, particularly through its Chorus figure, is famous for explicitly commenting on the practice of historical representation, and is the basis here for my investigation of how Shakespeare represented the relation between his Elizabethan present and what has come to be called the medieval past.
‘For They Are Englishmen’
Authors: Perry Curtis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though most scholars agree that fully fledged nationalism is a modern phenomenon, it is often seen to have important roots in sixteenth-century England. Liah Greenfeld, in her well-known comparative study of the emergence of modern nationalist sentiment, finds its first intimation in the England of Henry VIII, and several influential recent studies have discussed the role played by literature in a distinctively early modern cultural program that Richard Helgerson has named ‘the Elizabethan writing of England’. There have been a number of interesting recent discussions of nationalisms in medieval England, too, and these have vigorously challenged the idea that the nation is an exclusively modern phenomenon. But even if one can find striking examples of nation-conjuring in medieval documents, surely the extent of the early modern fascination with the ‘imagined community’ of England, to borrow Benedict Anderson’s ubiquitous phrase, is unprecedented.
King Lear and the Summons of Death
Authors: O’Connell Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among playwrights contemporary with him, Shakespeare’s interest in what we call medieval drama is striking and in many ways unique. He wouldn’t have known it as ‘medieval’—for him it was theater that had endured and continued into his own lifetime—but he recognizes its character as belonging to an earlier and aesthetically distinct period. Significantly, he is fascinated by what it accomplished and the ways in which he can transmute it in his own theater. While he appears sometimes to judge its traditions as naive, he at the same time accords it a certain power and attraction that allow his allusions to it to ground or shade his own art. While I want to develop an argument about King Lear and its relation to the morality tradition, I shall first advance a suggestion why Shakespeare was more affected than other contemporary playwrights by what we identify as medieval drama. Because of his generational and geographic positioning, he bears among those contemporaries a unique and particular relation to the tradition of mystery plays. John Lyly, born around 1554; Robert Greene, Thomas Kyd, and George Peele, all born in 1558; and Christopher Marlowe, born the same year as Shakespeare, 1564, were old enough, as boys and adolescents, to have experienced the final performances of the great cycles of fifteenth-century Corpus Christi and Whitsuntide plays.
Round and rectangular in the Romano–British Iron Age
Authors: Harding D W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It would be easy to assume that the transition from pre-Roman to Roman Iron Age in southern Britain marked the change from predominantly circular building plans to rectangular ones, and that this architectural change marked a signiWcant shift in the social ordering of domestic space. Both inferences need to be examined critically, since both could prove to be simplistic if not simply wrong.
Experimental reconstruction: a case study of Wessex round-houses
Authors: Harding D W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A popular perception of experimental archaeology invariably involves people dressed in what passes for period costume re-enacting aspects of life in the prehistoric past, whether hauling stones from South Wales to Stonehenge to prove how labour-intensive it must have been, or ‘living in the Iron Age’ for television to demonstrate the squalor of life without modern amenities. Such exercises contribute very little to scientiWc experimental archaeology, though the programme of experimental archaeology that was launched at Butser Hill in Hampshire by the late Dr Peter Reynolds more than thirty years ago showed that genuine archaeological research and public presentation were not incompatible. The basic objectives of scientiWc experimental archaeology are, Wrst, to test archaeological interpretations by empirical experiment and replication and, second, to conduct such tests in a way that permits feedback into excavation practice, data retrieval, and analysis.