bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting tea tree pests in complex backgrounds using a hybrid architecture guided by transformers and multi‐scale attention mechanism
Authors: Hu Xianming , Li Xinliang , Huang Ziyan , Chen Qibin , Lin Shouying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTea pests pose a significant threat to tea leaf yield and quality, necessitating fast and accurate detection methods to improve pest control efficiency and reduce economic losses for tea farmers. However, in real tea gardens, some tea pests are small in size and easily camouflaged by complex backgrounds, making it challenging for farmers to promptly and accurately identify them.ResultsTo address this issue, we propose a real‐time detection method based on TP‐YOLOX for monitoring tea pests in complex backgrounds. Our approach incorporates the CSBLayer module, which combines convolution and multi‐head self‐attention mechanisms, to capture global contextual information from images and expand the network's perception field. Additionally, we integrate an efficient multi‐scale attention module to enhance the model's ability to perceive fine details in small targets. To expedite model convergence and improve the precision of target localization, we employ the SIOU loss function as the bounding box regression function. Experimental results demonstrate that TP‐YOLOX achieves a significant performance improvement with a relatively small additional computational cost (0.98 floating‐point operations), resulting in a 4.50% increase in mean average precision (mAP) compared to the original YOLOX‐s. When compared with existing object detection algorithms, TP‐YOLOX outperforms them in terms of mAP performance. Moreover, the proposed method achieves a frame rate of 82.66 frames per second, meeting real‐time requirements.ConclusionTP‐YOLOX emerges as a proficient solution, capable of accurately and swiftly identifying tea pests amidst the complex backgrounds of tea gardens. This contribution not only offers valuable insights for tea pest monitoring but also serves as a reference for achieving precise pest control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Finite element modeling to predict the influence of anatomic variation and implant placement on performance of biological intervertebral disc implants
Authors: Koga Maho , Kim Byumsu , Lintz Marianne , Kirnaz Sertaç , Goldberg Jacob L. , Hussain Ibrahim , Medary Branden , Meyers Kathleen N. , Maher Suzanne A. , Härtl Roger , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTissue‐engineered intervertebral disc (TE‐IVD) constructs are an attractive therapy for treating degenerative disc disease and have previously been investigated in vivo in both large and small animal models. The mechanical environment of the spine is notably challenging, in part due to its complex anatomy, and implants may require additional mechanical support to avoid failure in the early stages of implantation. As such, the design of suitable support implants requires rigorous validation.MethodsWe created a FE model to simulate the behavior of the IVD cages under compression specific to the anatomy of the porcine cervical spine, validated the FE model using an animal model, and predicted the effects of implant location and vertebral angle of the motion segment on implant behavior. Specifically, we tested anatomical positioning of the superior vertebra and placement of the implant. We analyzed corresponding stress and strain distributions.ResultsResults demonstrated that the anatomical geometry of the porcine cervical spine led to concentrated stress and strain on the posterior side of the cage. This stress concentration was associated with the location of failure of the cages reported in vivo, despite superior mechanical properties of the implant. Furthermore, placement of the cage was found to have profound effects on migration, while the angle of the superior vertebra affected stress concentration of the cage.ConclusionsThis model can be utilized both to inform surgical procedures and provide insight on future cage designs and can be adopted to models without the use of in vivo animal models.
Hairy tongue associated with the use of baricitinib therapy for ophiasis pattern alopecia areata
Authors: Gaspari Anthony A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report a case of hairy tongue that developed in a young Caucasian woman during systemic baricitinib therapy for severe alopecia areata. Because she experienced good clinical regrowth of her hair during treatment, she did not want to interrupt therapy. We recommended she use a toothbrush to debride her tongue on a daily basis, which was successful. Hairy tongue most commonly occurs in elderly, debilitated males with poor oral hygiene. It is thought to occur because of overgrowth of chromogenic bacteria and/or yeast on the tongue. This unusual side effect during baricitinib therapy suggests that immune suppression may play a role. Clinicians should be aware of hairy tongue development during baracitinib therapy.
Extended quasicontinuum methodology for highly heterogeneous discrete systems
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Zeman Jan , Rokoš Ondřej 
Published: December 2023

SummaryLattice networks are indispensable to study heterogeneous materials such as concrete or rock as well as textiles and woven fabrics. Due to the discrete character of lattices, they quickly become computationally intensive. The QuasiContinuum (QC) Method resolves this challenge by interpolating the displacement of the underlying lattice with a coarser finite element mesh and sampling strategies to accelerate the assembly of the resulting system of governing equations. In lattices with complex heterogeneous microstructures with a high number of randomly shaped inclusions the QC leads to an almost fully‐resolved system due to the many interfaces. In the present study the QC Method is expanded with enrichment strategies from the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) to resolve material interfaces using nonconforming meshes. The goal of this contribution is to bridge this gap and improve the computational efficiency of the method. To this end, four different enrichment strategies are compared in terms of their accuracy and convergence behavior. These include the Heaviside, absolute value, modified absolute value and the corrected XFEM enrichment. It is shown that the Heaviside enrichment is the most accurate and straightforward to implement. A first‐order interaction based summation rule is applied and adapted for the extended QC for elements intersected by a material interface to complement the Heaviside enrichment. The developed methodology is demonstrated by three numerical examples in comparison with the standard QC and the full solution. The extended QC is also able to predict the results with 5% error compared to the full solution, while employing almost one order of magnitude fewer degrees of freedom than the standard QC and even more compared to the fully‐resolved system.
Maternal stressors and maternal bonding among immigrant and Refugee Arab Americans resettled in the United States
Authors: Khalil Dalia , George Zinah , Dannawey Eman , Hijawi Jenna , ElFishawy Shirley , Jenuwine Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMaternal bonding with the infant and child is essential for the growth and development of the child, and for establishing the relationship between them. The effect of maternal acculturative stress, trauma, and depressive symptoms on maternal bonding has been established in nonimmigrant populations, but not in immigrant and refugee populations. In this study, we aimed to (1) examine the relationships among maternal psychosocial stress (acculturative stress, posttraumatic stress), depressive symptoms, and maternal bonding, and (2) examine whether maternal depression is a mediator of the relationship between maternal psychosocial stress and maternal bonding among a sample of Arab American immigrant and refugee mothers. Using a cross‐sectional design, we recruited 78 immigrant and refugee Arab American mothers. Acculturative stress was correlated with posttraumatic stress (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.001), and bonding impairment (ρ = 0.39, p < 0.001). Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms were also correlated with maternal bonding impairment (ρ = 0.39, and 0.52, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). The effect of maternal psychosocial stress on maternal bonding was mediated by depressive symptoms. We concluded that higher levels of acculturative stress and posttraumatic stress were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and impairment of maternal bonding. Additionally, maternal depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between maternal stress and bonding. Assessing the stressors and depressive symptoms of immigrant and refugee mothers is key to avoiding negative effects on child outcomes.
The impact of a novel musculoskeletal consult service in an inpatient rehabilitation facility: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Lu Michael , Wieber Megan , Rho Monica , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal (MSK) pathologies significantly affect the rehabilitation course for patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF). The impact of a specialized inpatient MSK consult service has not been previously evaluated.ObjectiveTo assess the demographics, pathologies, and impact on pain scores of patients who were evaluated by a specialized MSK consult service.DesignRetrospective descriptive analysis of patients at an IRF who were evaluated by the MSK consult service.SettingAcademic IRF.Participants230 patients evaluated by the MSK consult service over 4.5 years.InterventionsMSK consult service composed of sports medicine fellowship‐trained physiatrists who use history, physical examination, point‐of‐care ultrasound, and specialized MSK knowledge to assess and address MSK barriers to functional improvement.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary rehabilitation diagnosis, length of stay, discharge destination, reason for consult, MSK diagnosis, need for injection, change in Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) pain scores, change in Functional Independence Measures (FIM).ResultsA total of 230 consults met inclusion criteria for analysis. The most common symptoms were shoulder pain (47%), knee pain (30%), and hip/groin pain (10.4%). The MSK consult service made 82 different musculoskeletal and neuromuscular diagnoses. The most common primary rehabilitation diagnosis was stroke (28.3%). Injections were performed in 44.3% of consults, with an average reduction in NPRS pain score of 2.3 (SD 1.9) and a statistically significant reduction in average NPRS pain scores in patients who underwent injections compared to those who did not (p < .001).ConclusionsThis study is the first to examine the use of an innovative inpatient MSK physiatry consult service in an IRF. This promising consult service can play a pivotal role in patient care by reducing functionally limiting MSK pain to allow for better toleration of therapies and to optimize functional gains.
An intrinsic flame‐retardant and heat‐resistant vinyl ester resin by crosslinking with diisocyanate, styrene and phosphorus‐containing hydroxyl compound
Authors: Zhang Yuguo , Wang Jun , Chen Xi , Yang Shuang , Wang Jingsheng , Chen Kaiwen , Gan Xianghui , Zhu Lu , Xu Lin , Huo Siqi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, 2‐(6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenz<c,e><1,2>oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)‐methanol (ODOPM) was synthesized, and covalently introduced into vinyl ester resin (VER) by combining with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The influences of ODOPM and MDI on the thermal properties, flame retardancy, and flame‐retardant mode‐of‐action of the resin were investigated. When the phosphorus addition reaches 1.3 wt%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of VER/ODOPM‐1.3 boosts to 30.3% and vertical burning (UL‐94) rating increases to V‐0. Compared with the virgin VER, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of VER/ODOPM‐1.3 are significantly reduced by 64.2% and 35.1%, respectively. The introduction of ODOPM and MDI significantly enhances the flame retardancy of VER. ODOPM and MDI are chemically linked to the polymer network of VER, which increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) and rigidity. This work offers a facile method for improving both thermal and flame‐retardant properties of vinyl ester resin.
Dimerization of the CNNM extracellular domain
Authors: Shahsavan Ashkan , Lee Emma L. , Illes Katalin , Kozlov Guennadi , Gehring Kalle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCystathionine‐‐synthase (CBS)‐pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of magnesium transporters. They mediate magnesium homeostasis directly by transport of Mg2+ ions and indirectly by regulation of the transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). Here, we report the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of tapeworm CNNM4. The domain forms a dimer of immunoglobulin‐like (Ig‐like) folds with electron density observed for three glycosylation sites. Analytical ultracentrifugation confirms that mutations in the extracellular domain of human CNNM4 prevent its dimerization. An analogous mutation in mouse CNNM2 impairs its activity in a cellular assay of Mg2+ transport.
A descriptive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of ceftazidime‐avibactam in a case series of critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance
Authors: Xu Ying , Tang Jian , Yuan Binbin , Luo Xuemei , Liang Pei , Liu Ning , Dong Danjiang , Jin Lu , Ge Weihong , Gu Qin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo describe the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of a 2 h infusion of ceftazidime‐avibactam (CAZ‐AVI) in critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance (ARC). A retrospective review of all critically ill patients with ARC who were treated with CAZ‐AVI between August 2020 and May 2023 was conducted. Patients whose 12‐h creatinine clearance prior to CAZ‐AVI treatment and steady‐state concentration (Css) of CAZ‐AVI were both monitored were enrolled. The free fraction (fCss) of CAZ‐AVI was calculated from Css. The joint PK/PD targets of CAZ‐AVI were considered optimal when a Css/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio for CAZ ≥4 (equivalent to 100% fT > 4 MIC) and a Css/CT ratio of AVI >1 (equivalent to 100% fT > CT 4.0 mg/L) were reached simultaneously, quasioptimal when only one of the two targets was reached, and suboptimal when neither target was reached. The relationship between PK/PD goal achievement, microbial eradication and the clinical efficacy of CAZ‐AVI was evaluated. Four patients were included. Only one patient achieved optimal joint PK/PD targets, while the other three reached suboptimal targets. The patient with optimal PK/PD targets achieved microbiological eradication, while the other three patients did not, but all four patients achieved good clinical efficacy. Standard dosages may not enable most critically ill patients with ARC to reach the optimal joint PK/PD targets of CAZ‐AVI. Optimal drug dose adjustment of CAZ‐AVI in ARC patients requires dynamic drug concentration monitoring.
Command filter‐based adaptive event‐triggered control for switched nonlinear systems with full state constraints
Authors: Zhang Tianping , Feng Caijun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn adaptive event‐triggered control issue based on command filter and dynamic surface control is studied for switched nonlinear systems with full state time‐varying constraints in this article. To handle state constraints, the nonlinear mapping conversion technique is used. Radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are utilized to approximate unknown nonlinear continuous functions. Adaptive control algorithm is designed based on command filtered backstepping technology. Novel even triggered control is constructed for two different cases in the switching interval. Furthermore, all signals in the switched system are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimate bounded (SGUUB) by the aid of dynamic surface control method under arbitrary switching. Meanwhile, all states do not violate the preset constraints and Zeno phenomenon is avoided. The validity of the presented approach is confirmed through a numerical simulation result.
Understanding K‐3 Teachers' Literacy Instructional Practices During thePandemic‐Impacted2020–2021 School Year
Authors: Wright Tanya S. , Bruner Lori , Cummings Amy , Strunk Katharine O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis instrumental case study is focused on understanding more about literacy instruction in K‐3 classrooms during the pandemic‐impacted 2020–2021 school year. The study aims to examine (a) how teachers described their literacy instruction before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic; (b) the types of literacy instructional practices teachers implemented across in‐person, virtual, and hybrid modalities; and (c) how teachers' implementation of these practices aligns with research on early grades literacy instruction. Data included classroom video of 25 teachers' literacy instruction, 162 classroom artifacts (e.g., student work samples), and statewide survey responses from 7110 teachers in spring 2020 and 5811 teachers in spring 2021. Teachers reported spending an average of 1 h less per week on literacy instruction in 2020–2021 as compared to a typical pre‐pandemic school year. Despite these reported declines in instructional time, teachers in all modalities were observed implementing literacy instructional practices at comparable rates as they reported prior to the pandemic. However, teachers' implementations of these practices varied widely, with some teachers providing research‐aligned literacy instruction while others did not. This range in quality was evident across modalities, including within the group of teachers providing in‐person instruction. Results from this study challenge existing theories about instructional time and modality that have been posed to explain the pandemic's negative impacts on elementary students' literacy outcomes.
Bioconjugation and Reaction‐Induced Tumor Therapy via Alkynamide‐Based Thiol‐Yne Click Reaction
Authors: Wang Bingnan , Li Chunyang , He Dong , Ding Keke , Tian Qi , Feng Guangxue , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases, which is the result of an imbalance in cellular metabolism and oxidation−reduction balance. Therefore, it is an effective therapeutic strategy that simultaneously regulating the intracellular oxidation−reduction system. Herein, a click reaction of alkynylamide with thiol groups in the presence of amine or in PBS (pH = 7.4) is developed, which can react efficiently with thiol substances, such as cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Notably, MBTB‐PA, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer with an alkynylamide unit, is synthesized and its intracellular behavior is visualized in situ by fluorescence imaging, demonstrating its excellent ability to target the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, MBTB‐PA reacted with proteins in tumor cells, consumed reducing substances, and triggered intracellular oxidative stress, resulting in cell death. Based on this reaction therapy strategy, click reaction is combined with photodynamic therapy to achieve effective killing of tumor cells by simultaneously raising the intracellular oxidative state and reducing the reductive state. This work not only develops an application of click reaction of alkynamide with thiol in bioconjugation and anti‐tumor therapy, but also provides feasible ideas for organic reactions in the exploration of organisms.
In situ Construction of Multistage Core‐Shell Nanostructure as Bifunctional Catalyst for Ultrastable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Lu Tiantian , Sun Quanhu , He Jianjiang , Li Ru , Huang Changshui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany efforts have been devoted to obtaining excellent cathode catalysts for Zinc air batteries (ZABs), but the inevitable use of binder will damage the catalytic activity and weaken long‐term stability, inefficient mass transfer of oxygen is also chargable for the limited activity. Herein, in situ grown hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (HGDY) on carbon paper has been prepared and used as cathode catalyst layer in ZABs. Multiple catalytic sites are firmly combined and end with the boosted bifunctional catalytic activity of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution. Moreover, the specific surface area, sufficient active sites, multilevel pore nanostructure and robust conductivity are fully exposed to establish efficient catalytic interface and skeleton. Cu/Co nanoparticles are uniformly distributed and warped by HGDY network, which can stably exist during the catalytic process. As a result, a current density of 18.75 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 61.06 mV dec−1 for oxygen reduction and a ultralong operation for more than 2300 h in aqueous ZAB have been achieved, which is beyond many reported bifunctional catalysts in ZAB system.
Skin‐Integrated Electrodes Based on Room‐Temperature Curable, Highly Conductive Silver/Polydimethylsiloxane Composites
Authors: Zhao Jun , Feng Jiuqing , Jiang Yizhou , Wang Zekai , Zhang Jialong , Mei Shuxing , Yang Guoqing , Gu Zongquan , Tan Cehui , Qin Yajie , Li Zhuo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe quality of electrophysiological (EP) signals heavily relies on the electrode's contact with the skin. However, motion or exposure to water can easily destabilize this connection. In contrast to traditional methods of attaching electrodes to the skin surface, this study introduces a skin‐integration strategy inspired by the skin's intergrown structure. A highly conductive and room‐temperature curable composite composed of silver microflakes and polydimethylsiloxane (Ag/PDMS) is applied to the skin. Before curing, the PDMS oil partially diffuse into the stratum corneum (SC) layer of the skin. Upon curing, the composite solidifies into an electrode that seamlessly integrated with the skin, resembling a natural extension. This skin‐integration strategy offers several advantages. It minimizes motion artifacts resulting from relative electrode‐skin displacement, significantly reduces interface impedance (67% of commercial Ag/AgCl gel electrodes at 100 Hz) and withstands water flushes due to its hydrophobic nature. These advantages pave the way for promising advancements in EP signal recording, particularly during motion and underwater conditions.
Ferroelectricity and Thermochromism in a 2D Dion‐Jacobson Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Qiao Wen‐Cheng , Qiao Hongwei , Wang Xue Lu , Xu Haojie , Xu Fanchen , Sun Zhihua , Gao Hongchang , Yao Ye‐Feng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have become one of the hottest research topics due to their excellent environmental stability and unique optoelectronic properties. Recently, the ferroelectricity and thermochromism of 2D OIHPs have attracted increasing interests. Integrating ferroelectricity and thermochromism into perovskites can significantly promote the development of multichannel intelligent devices. Here, a novel 2D Dion‐Jacobson OIHP of the formula (3AMP)PbI4 (where 3AMP is 3‐(aminomethyl)pyridinium) is reported, which has a remarkable spontaneous polarization value (Ps) of 15.6 µC cm−2 and interesting thermochromism. As far it is known, such a large Ps value is the highest for 2D OIHPs recorded so far. These findings will inspire further exploration and application of multifunctional perovskites.