bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing hospital falls: feasibility of care workforce redesign to optimise patient falls education
Authors: Morris Meg E , Thwaites Claire , Lui Rosalie , McPhail Steven M , Haines Terry , Kiegaldie Debra , Heng Hazel , Shaw Louise , Hammond Susan , McKercher Jonathan P , Knight Matthew , Carey Leeanne M , Gray Richard , Shorr Ron , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine the feasibility of using allied health assistants to deliver patient falls prevention education within 48 h after hospital admission.

Design and setting
Feasibility study with hospital patients randomly allocated to usual care or usual care plus additional patient falls prevention education delivered by supervised allied health assistants using an evidence-based scripted conversation and educational pamphlet.

Participants
(i) allied health assistants and (ii) patients admitted to participating hospital wards over a 20-week period.

Outcomes
(i) feasibility of allied health assistant delivery of patient education; (ii) hospital falls per 1,000 bed days; (iii) injurious falls; (iv) number of falls requiring transfer to an acute medical facility.

Results
541 patients participated (median age 81 years); 270 control group and 271 experimental group. Allied health assistants (n = 12) delivered scripted education sessions to 254 patients in the experimental group, 97% within 24 h after admission. There were 32 falls in the control group and 22 in the experimental group. The falls rate was 8.07 falls per 1,000 bed days in the control group and 5.69 falls per 1,000 bed days for the experimental group (incidence rate ratio = 0.66 (95% CI 0.32, 1.36; P = 0.26)). There were 2.02 injurious falls per 1,000 bed days for the control group and 1.03 for the experimental group. Nine falls (7 control, 2 experimental) required transfer to an acute facility. No adverse events were attributable to the experimental group intervention.

Conclusions
It is feasible and of benefit to supplement usual care with patient education delivered by allied health assistants.
Interaction between plant-based dietary pattern and frailty on cognitive decline: a longitudinal analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey cohort
Authors: Gao Xia , Wu Qianrong , Long Yan , Hu Xiaotong , Yang Zongming , Huang Liang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Frailty is a risk factor for faster cognitive decline, while plant-based dietary patterns are associated with decreased risk of cognitive decline. We aimed to explore their interaction with cognitive function among older adults.

Methods
We used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey between 2008 and 2018. Frailty was evaluated based on the frailty index (FI), and the plant-based diet index (PDI) was calculated using food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Repeated measures of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were utilised to assess cognitive function. We used linear mixed models to estimate regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
We included 7,166 participants with a median follow-up of 5.8 years. Participants in pre-frail (β = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.24, −0.13) and frail (β = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.48, −0.30) groups experienced an accelerated decline in MMSE score compared with the robust group. The PDI modified the above association, with corresponding associations with frailty being much more pronounced among participants with a lower PDI (frail vs. robust β = −0.44, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.32), compared with those with a higher PDI (frail vs. robust β = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.40, −0.13). In addition, A combination of frailty and a low PDI was strongly associated with a faster decline in MMSE score (β = −0.52, 95% CI: −0.63, −0.41).

Conclusion
Adherence to plant-based dietary patterns attenuates the association between frailty and cognitive decline. If the observed association is causal, promoting plant-based dietary patterns may be a strategy to reduce the effects of frailty on neurological health.
DNA-methylation variability in normal mucosa: a field cancerization marker in patients with adenomatous polyps
Authors: Yates Josephine , Schaufelberger Helen , Steinacher Roland , Schär Primo , Truninger Kaspar , Boeva Valentina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The phenomenon of field cancerization reflects the transition of normal cells into those predisposed to cancer. Assessing the scope and intensity of this process in the colon may support risk prediction and colorectal cancer prevention.

Methods
The Swiss Epigenetic Colorectal Cancer Study (SWEPIC) study, encompassing 1111 participants for DNA methylation analysis and a subset of 84 for RNA sequencing, was employed to detect field cancerization in individuals with adenomatous polyps (AP). Methylation variations were evaluated for their discriminative capability, including in external cohorts, genomic localization, clinical correlations, and associated RNA expression patterns.

Results
Normal cecal tissue of individuals harboring an AP in the proximal colon manifested dysregulated DNA methylation compared to tissue from healthy individuals at 558 unique loci. Leveraging these adenoma-related differentially variable and methylated CpGs (aDVMCs), our classifier discerned between healthy and AP-adjacent tissues across SWEPIC datasets (cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [ROC AUC] = 0.63-0.81), including within age-stratified cohorts. This discriminative capacity was validated in 3 external sets, differentiating healthy from cancer-adjacent tissue (ROC AUC = 0.82-0.88). Notably, aDVMC dysregulation correlated with polyp multiplicity. More than 50% of aDVMCs were significantly associated with age. These aDVMCs were enriched in active regions of the genome (P &lt; .001), and associated genes exhibited altered expression in AP-adjacent tissues.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the early onset of field cancerization in the right colon during the neoplastic transformation process. A more extensive validation of aDVMC dysregulation as a stratification tool could pave the way for enhanced surveillance approaches, especially given its linkage to adenoma emergence.
Double polytetrafluoroethylene patch repair for diaphragmatic defect caused by diaphragmatic rupture following diaphragmatic resection with endostapler
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Furukawa Nao , Kinoshita Hirotaka , Okabe Kazunori 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 41-year-old man developed phrenic nerve palsy after the resection of anterior mediastinal tumor, who underwent diaphragmatic resection with an endostapler. After the surgery, the surgical stump ruptured, resulting in a large diaphragmatic defect with the liver prolapsing into the thoracic cavity. Then, the diaphragmatic defect was closed with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch. The diaphragm was reconstructed using a second PTFE patch overlaying the diaphragmatic defect that had been closed by the first PTFE patch, because solely patching the diaphragmatic defect had a risk of recurrence of diaphragmatic elevation due to remaining original diaphragm and the presence of phrenic nerve palsy. The second PTFE patch was fixed to the lower ribs by non-absorbable suture. The postoperative course was favorable. After 3 months, his symptoms and pulmonary function improved. We underwent double PTFE patch repair in a patient with both huge diaphragmatic defect and phrenic nerve palsy.
A 10-year-old male with chest wall Desmoid tumor – a rare tumor with unusual presentation
Authors: Abufara Arein A , Alsalah Qusai A , Jabari Anwar Yousef , Hammouri Ahmad G , Najajreh Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Desmoid fibromatosis (DF) is a connective tissue tumor that grows aggressively in musculoaponeurotic tissues. It has an annual incidence rate of 2–4/million and is commonly seen in individuals aged 15 to 60 years, with female predominance. While it can occur in any body part, it is commonly found in the extremities, abdominal wall, and abdominal mesentery. But it rarely develops in the chest wall. The cause of the tumor is unknown. However, trauma to the tumor site has been identified in 25% of known cases. The primary treatment is surgical resection. Local recurrence after surgical excision is common. Our study highlights the case of a 12-year-old male patient diagnosed with a desmoid tumor on the chest wall 2 years ago, at the age of 10 years, after mild trauma. The tumor was successfully managed with surgery without radiotherapy treatment and no recurrence was observed in the last 2 years.
Body-piercing associated appendicitis in the pregnant patient incidentally discovered during Caesarian section
Authors: Schadt Jennifer , Hungerford Andrew , Houser Molly , Zalamea Nia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Appendicitis is the most common general surgery condition encountered in pregnant patients. Its presentation and diagnosis can be confounded by physiological changes of pregnancy causing atypical symptoms and overlap between pregnancy symptoms and appendicitis. Diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnancy is important, as pregnant persons have a much higher rate of complication from appendicitis. In this case report, we describe a patient with a history of right lower quadrant pain thought to be related to round ligament pain. Her previously undiagnosed appendicitis was discovered during routine inspection during caesarian section. The patient’s final pathology revealed a metallic foreign body, one of the rarest causes of appendicitis.
The role and mechanism of RIPK1 in vascular endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Cheng , Chen Huimin , Su Hong , Sheng Qinghao , Lang Yating , Yu Qun , Lv Zhimei , Wang Rong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular events, but the mechanism is unclear. In our study, we found elevated levels of RIPK1 in patients with CKD and cardiovascular events through bioinformation analysis. Elevated RIPK1 levels were found in serum samples of CKD patients and were associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and renal function. We constructed the five of six nephrectomy of CKD mice model, finding that RIPK1 expressions were elevated in abdominal aorta endothelial cells. After RIPK1 inhibition and overexpression, it was found that RIPK1 could regulate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), and activation of inflammatory responses and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, uremic toxin induced abnormal expression of RIPK1 in vitro. We observed RIPK1‐mediating endothelial dysfunction and inflammation responses by ER stress pathways through gain and loss of function. In order to explore the specific mechanism, we conducted co‐immunoprecipitation and expression regulation of RIPK1 and IKK, finding that RIPK1 formed complex with IKK and regulated IKK expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that RIPK1 levels were closely associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with CKD. With uremic toxins, RIPK1 expression was elevated, which led to the activation of inflammation through the ER stress pathway, resulting in vascular endothelial injury. Besides, activation of RIPK1‐IKK‐NF‐κB axis was a key driver of endothelial dysfunction in CKD. Our study provides a new perspective for the study of cardiovascular events in CKD.
Association between silicosis and autoimmune disease
Authors: Fireman Elizabeth Miriam , Fireman Klein Einat 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
There is a well established association between silica inhalational exposure and autoimmune disease, particularly in the context of intense exposure. We will provide in this article an update overview of new sources of silica dust exposure, with evidences of mechanisms from human and animal studies for association between silica and autoimmune diseases, their early detection of silicosis and new options for treatment.

Recent findings
New industries such as jewelry polishing, denim jean production, fabrication of artificial stone benchtops, glass manufacturing and glassware has led to re-emergence of silicosis around the world. Silicosis with long term exposure to dust containing crystalline silica has been examined as a possible risk factor with respect to several autoimmune diseases as scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and some types of small vessel vasculitis with renal involvement. The dust may act to promote or accelerate disease development, requiring some other factors to break immune tolerance or initiate autoimmunity. Autophagy, apoptosis, or pyroptosis-related signaling pathways have also been suggested to contribute to the formation of those pathways with coordination of environmental co-exposure that can magnify autoimmune vulnerability.

Summary
Better understanding the mechanisms that involve silica -induced autoimmune diseases may contribute to early diagnosis.
Predictors and Significance of Readmission after Esophagogastric Surgery: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Evans Richard PT , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Evison Felicity , Zou Xiaoxu , Coupland Ben , Griffiths Ewen A 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for readmission after elective esophagogastric cancer surgery and characterize the impact of readmission on long-term survival. The study will also identify whether the location of readmission to either the hospital that performed the primary surgery (index hospital) or another institution (nonindex hospital) has an impact on postoperative mortality.

Background:
Over the past decade, the center-volume relationship has driven the centralization of major cancer surgery, which has led to improvements in perioperative mortality. However, the impact of readmission, especially to nonindex centers, on long-term mortality remains unclear.

Methods:
This was a national population-based cohort study using Hospital Episode Statistics of adult patients undergoing esophagectomy and gastrectomy in England between January 2008 and December 2019.

Results:
This study included 27,592 patients, of which overall readmission rates were 25.1% (index 15.3% and nonindex 9.8%). The primary cause of readmission to an index hospital was surgical in 45.2% and 23.7% in nonindex readmissions. Patients with no readmissions had significantly longer survival than those with readmissions (median: 4.5 vs 3.8 years; P < 0.001). Patients readmitted to their index hospital had significantly improved survival as compared to nonindex readmissions (median: 3.3 vs 4.7 years; P < 0.001). Minimally invasive surgery and surgery performed in high-volume centers had improved 90-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.75; P < 0.001; odds ratio, 0.60; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Patients requiring readmission to the hospital after surgery have an increased risk of mortality, which is worsened by readmission to a nonindex institution. Patients requiring readmission to the hospital should be assessed and admitted, if required, to their index institution.
Ten-Year Risk of Recall of Novel Spine Devices
Authors: Ansley Brant , Koreckij Theodore , Jin Abbey , Bouloussa Houssam , Cheng An-Lin , Dubin Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

Study Design.
Observational epidemiological study.

Objective.
This study’s primary objective was to examine the risk of recall for novel spine devices over time. Secondarily, we sought to analyze interbody fusion and vertebral body replacement (VBR) devices (corpectomy cages) as a risk factor for recall.

Background.
The recall risk of a novel spine device over time has not been reported. In addition, FDA regulations were lowered for interbody fusion devices to enter the market in 2007. As well, VBR implants were recently approved by the FDA for use in the cervical spine in 2015.

Materials and Methods.
Spine devices cleared between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018 were identified from the FDA’s 510(k) database. All recall data were collected from the database in January 2021 to provide a 2-year minimum follow-up for a recall to occur. Product labels were used to classify interbody fusion and VBR devices. Cumulative incidence function was conducted to compare the overall risk of recall for FDA-cleared spine devices, and the hazard ratio determined for VBR and all other devices versus interbody implants during the study period.

Results.
A total of 2384 spine devices were cleared through 510(k) in the study period. The hazard of recall at 5 years was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.4%–6.2%) and 6.5% (95% CI: 5.4%–7.7%) at 10 years. No significant difference in recall risk was identified for interbody fusion and VBR devices.

Conclusion.
The risk of recall at 5 and 10 years of a novel spine device is about half the 12% rate reported for orthopedic devices in general. Despite lowered FDA regulations for interbody fusion devices and recent approval for VBR device use in the cervical spine, no increased risk of recall was detected. Further research is necessary to explain the reason for the lower risk of recall with spine devices

Level of Evidence.
4.
Conversion of Failed J Pouch to Kock Pouch: Indications, Contraindications and Outcomes
Authors: Ahmed Ali Usama , Kiran Ravi P. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
The ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has been successful in restoring intestinal continuity and preserving continence in the majority of patients requiring a proctocolectomy. However, a subset of individuals experience significant complications that might result in pouch failure. The conversion of the J pouch to a continent ileostomy pouch represents a significant surgical procedure. In this article, we discuss the indications and contraindications, present the technical principles applied for the conversion, and describe the outcomes of such conversion in the literature.

OBJECTIVE:
The main objective during the conversion of the J pouch to a continent ileostomy is the creation of a sufficiently sized reservoir with a high-quality valve mechanism while preserving as much small bowel as possible.

CONCLUSIONS:
The conversion of the J pouch to a continent ileostomy represents a significant surgical procedure. When performed in centers of expertise, it can be a good option for patients who otherwise will require an end ileostomy. Indications for conversion include most cases of J pouch failure, with few important exceptions. See Video.
United States-Based Colorectal Cancer Surgical Trials Lack Representation and Adequate Reporting of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Participants: Systematic Review and Regression Analysis
Authors: Ore Ana Sofia , Arean-Sanz Rodrigo , Liu Betty , Arndt Kevin , Hernandez Angelica , Ponce Cristina , Bain Paul , Messaris Evangelos 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Despite the established National Institute of Health Revitalization Act, which aims to include ethnic and racial minority representation in surgical trials, racial and ethnic enrollment disparities persist.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the proportion of patients from minority races and ethnicities that are included in colorectal cancer surgical trials and reporting characteristics.

DATA SOURCES:
Search was performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central

STUDY SELECTION:
Inclusion criteria included (1) trials performed in the United States between January 1, 2000, and May 30, 2022; (2) patients with colorectal cancer diagnosis; and (3) surgical intervention, technique, or postoperative outcome. Trials evaluating chemotherapy, radiotherapy or other nonsurgical interventions were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS:
Pooled proportion and regression analysis was performed to identify proportion of patients by race and ethnicity included in surgical trials, and association of year of publication and funding source.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Proportion of trials reporting race and reporting ethnicity, and proportion of participants by race and ethnicity included in surgical trials.

RESULTS:
We screened 10,673 unique publications, of which 80 were examined in full-text. 15 studies met our inclusion criteria. 66.7% (10) of trials did not report race, three reported races as proportion of White participants only, and three reported 3 or more races. There was no description of ethnicity in 73.3% (11) of trials, with two describing “non-Caucasian” as ethnicity, and two describing only Hispanic ethnicity. Pooled proportion of White participants was 81.3%, 6.2% for Black participants, 3.6% for Asian and 3.5% for Hispanic participants.

LIMITATIONS:
A small number of studies where identified that reported racial or ethnic characteristics of their participants.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both race and ethnicity are severely underreported in colorectal cancer surgical trials. To improve outcomes and ensure the inclusion of vulnerable populations in innovative technologies and novel treatments, reporting must be closely monitored.
Efficient induction of pluripotent stem cells differentiated into mesenchymal stem cell lineages
Authors: Tseng Huan-Chin , Hsu Teh-Fu , Lin Yi-Ying , Lai Wei-Yi , Liu Yu-Hao , Yang Yi-Ping , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wang Chien-Ying 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in the field of cell-based therapy owing to their remarkable capabilities for differentiation and self-renewal. However, primary tissue-derived MSCs are plagued by various limitations, including constrained tissue sources, arduous and invasive retrieval procedures, heterogeneous cell populations, diminished purity, cellular senescence, and a decline in self-renewal and proliferative capacities after extended expansion. Addressing these challenges, our study focuses on establishing a robust differentiation platform to generate mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMSCs).

Methods:
To achieve this, we used a comprehensive methodology involving the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into MSCss. The process was meticulously designed to ensure the expression of key MSC positive markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105) at elevated levels, coupled with the minimal expression of negative markers (CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, and HLA-DR). Moreover, the stability of these characteristics was evaluated across 10th generations.

Results:
Our findings attest to the success of this endeavor. iMSCs exhibited robust expression of positive markers and limited expression of negative markers, confirming their MSC identity. Importantly, these characteristics remained stable even up to the 10th generation, signifying the potential for sustained use in therapeutic applications. Furthermore, our study demonstrated the successful differentiation of iMSCs into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, showcasing their multilineage potential.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the establishment of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) presents a significant advancement in overcoming the limitations associated with primary tissue-derived MSCs. The remarkable stability and multilineage differentiation potential exhibited by iMSCs offer a strong foundation for their application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This breakthrough paves the way for further research and development in harnessing the full therapeutic potential of iMSCs.