bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconvolution of narrow boron SIMS depth profiles in Si and SiGe
Authors: Herzel Frank , Ehwald Karl‐Ernst , Heinemann Bernd , Krüger Dietmar , Kurps Rainer , Röpke Wilfried , Zeindl Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe present results on deconvolution of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown boron profiles in Si and SiGe that are of crucial importance for Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). They are based on the assumptions of linearity and homogeneity of the measurement. We determine experimentally the physical limits of these assumptions by investigating sequences of boron spikes in Si and SiGe. The deconvolution is performed by Fourier transformation into the k‐domain, preceded by a physically motivated least‐squares fitting of the measurement data. In this way, the high‐frequency noise contributions are eliminated to a great extent without producing a systematic broadening. The numerical evaluation of the SIMS profiles is extremely fast in comparison to forward techniques and the numerical error is shown to be small. We discuss the deconvoluted SIMS profiles of MBE‐grown boron spikes in Si and SiGe after annealing. Our method is suited to give information about the dopant outdiffusion from th SiGe layer in the case of HBTs.
Adhesion of ceramics to Inconel 600 under various chemical conditions
Authors: Alstrup N. C. , Langvad N. , Chorkendorff I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo types of catalytic ceramic coating for steam reforming were adhered to the surface of an Ni‐based alloy, Inconel 600, by sintering at high temperatures (1000°C) in atmospheric air. The interfaces were subsequently investiagated with AES, SAM and depth profiling after being submitted to a direct‐pull test to obtain a measure of the adhesion strength. It was found that the adhesion of the Mg‐rich coating was caused mainly by diffusion of Mg from the ceramic into the Cr2O3 scale of the metal substrate. After reduction in H2 (activation of the Ni catalyst), a substantial drop in the adhesion strength was found. This was caused by metallization of Ni‐rich islands in the interface zone formed on the metal during sintering. These findings suggest that firing temperature with lower oxygen partial pressure (during sintering) will lead to a more stable adhesion strength. The other, Al‐rich coating had a much weaker adhesion strength compared to the Mg‐rich coating.
Angular distribution of elastically backscattered electrons
Authors: Sjöstrand N. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe angular distribution of electrons that are elastically backscattered from a surface has been studied by a method similar to the Sn method in reactor physics. The electrons were assumed to have a normal incidence on the plane surface of a semi‐infinite medium. Calculations were performed on aluminium, copper and gold at 1 keV electron energy. The differential cross‐sections were taken in analytical form from the literature. It was found that at least 48 directional cosines are needed for good accuracy. The results for the albedo and the reflected angular distribution were compared to Monte Carlo calculations with very good agreement. The albedo as a function of λi/λtr for gold has also been calculated.
Extraction of the true Auger lineshape of graphite and diamond from experimental data using fast Fourier transformation
Authors: Steiner A. , Falke U. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn order to obtain reliable information from measured Auger peaks concerning the chemical state, it is necessary to extract the true lineshape from experimental data. To achieve this, a method involving a background correction using the Bethe formula followed by a correction of the Auger electron inelastic interactions using fast Fourier transformation is described. With this procedure one obtains the true Auger lineshape on a flat background, enabling normalization of the peaks to the same area and a correction of different intensities due to diverse primary beam currents, the channeltron response or physical influences of the sample. The described method has been applied to spectra obtained from three different forms of carbon.
The effect of thermal stabilizers on the UV stability of PVC pipe formulations
Authors: Fletcher Charles W. , Dieckmann Dale 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTests of effects of various stabilizers on UV stability of polyvinyl chloride pipe, using both accelerated and long‐term outdoor exposures, found: organotins, antimonies, ester tins, and mixed metal tins perform similarly and acceptably; at increased stabilizer use levels the organotins, ester tins, and mixed metal tins were acceptable; accelerated UV testing is generally useful for determining the relative performance of PVC additives; and addition of titanium dioxide improved weatherability.
Fatigue testing of PVC pipe fittings
Authors: Edwards D. B. , Lehman B. , Cohen R. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe fatigue resistance of 6 inch Schedule 40 PVC solvent‐bonded pipe fittings was investigated. It has often been assumed that the performance of PVC fittings is comparable to that of the corresponding pipe. The results of this study indicate that the fatigue performance of PVC fittings is much lower than that of the pipe. Several fittings were exposed to a repetitive surge cycle of 90 to 180 psig at a rate of 0.111 hertz. Failures of several tees occurred between 13,000 and 16,000 cycles, much sooner than the predicted lifetime of pipe under these conditions.
Injection blow molding PVC containers
Authors: Abramo Ralph J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses product design, tool design, tooling, processing parameters, and machine and tool maintenance for injection blowmolding PVC containers. Product design details geometric shapes, engraving, and sharp area definition. Tool design offers pros and cons of temperature control core rods vs. conventional core rods. Tooling defines types of steel to inhibit rust. Processing parameters detail times, pressures, and temperatures to inhibit polymer breakdown that causes material burning. Machine and tool maintenance defines preventative maintenance for both, for longevity.
Formulating technology for rigid cellular PVC sheet
Authors: Szamborski Gene , Pfennig Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRigid vinyl can be considered as a highly versatile thermoplastic, finding its way into many different applications. Vinyl's capacity for innovation is virtually limitless, thanks in part to advances in formulation additives, which have enlarged vinyl's processing and end‐use performance capabilities. The importance of formulating is particularly evident in rigid cellular PVC, which can be extruded into a variety of shapes, such as profile, pipe, and sheet, all made with less PVC than their solid counterparts. The sheet application can be especially challenging, and it has been made the subject of this paper. The various types of extrusion processes, formulations, and uses for rigid cellular PVC sheet that are found in North America and Europe are compared. The effect of certain types of formulation ingredients on sheet density, surface, and impact strength is described. Reference is made to coextrusion of solid/cellular PVC layers as an economically feasible approach to handling industrial regrind PVC.
An element‐specific X‐ray fluorescence scanner for thin‐layer chromatograms
Authors: Houpt P. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn instrument is described which permits thin‐layer chromatograms to be scanned in a commercial X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer. The detection of phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine and iodine has been investigated, but the application of the instrument is not restricted to these elements, for which lower limits of detection of about 2 μg were found.
X‐ray emission intensities of radioisotopes produced by neutron activation
Authors: Negi B. S. , Sadasivan S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe emission intensities of K X‐rays from a number of activation products have been calculated from the known absolute γ intensities, K capture data and internal conversion coefficients of the radionuclides and the fluorescence yields of the daughter products. The calculated X‐ray intensities of a few isotopes are compared with those experimentally reported. The X‐ray spectrometry of activation products could usefully supplement the γ‐ray spectrometry in the instrumental neutron activation analysis and in such cases the data presented here will be of value.
Structure of electrodeposited films of cobalt and nickel: Fourier analysis of the EXAFS of the x‐ray K‐absorption edges
Authors: Sinha Benu , Nigam Amar Nath 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUsing a 30‐cm bent crystal transmission spectrograph in Canchois geometry, the x‐ray K‐absorption edges of cobalt and nickel were recorded using both pure metal foils and electrodeposited films on a copper foil substrate. For nickel, electrodeposition was also done in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field of 52 G in order to obtain a magnetized film. This film revealed only a slightly different EXAFS spectrum. A chemically plated amorphous film of nickel containing 8% phosphorus was also studied. All the EXAFS were subjected to Fourier transform analysis, which revealed how the nearest neighbouring atom distances change in different films compared with those in pure metal foils.
Electron backscattering coefficient for the ‘film‐substrate’ solid system
Authors: Kazakov S. V. , Konnikov S. G. , Tretyakov V. V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe analytical expression for the total backscattering coefficient of a double‐layer solid system was obtained by the Niedrig combined model. Calculated results are given for the backscattering of a bulk target, free film and film on substrate at normal incidence, and also for a double‐layer structure at oblique incidence. These results are compared with experimental data and Monte Carlo calculations taken from the literature.
X‐ray depth distribution function, ϕ(ρz), for thin spheres
Authors: Zreiba Nuri A. , Kelly Thomas F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSub‐micron spheres of pure materials prepared by electrohydrodynamic atomization were used to determine experimentally the x‐ray distribution function, ϕ(ρz), for spheres using a dedicated HB501 scanning transmission electron microscope at 100 keV. The materials chosen were W, Pd, Ni, V and Al thin spheres. ϕ(ρz) was measured experimentally using a tracer technique. The thin film tracers used were Ir, Ag, Cr, Cu and SiO2, respectively. ϕ(ρz) for the above materials was also calculated using a Monte Carlo trajectory simulation modeled for the tracer technique. The experimental tracer ϕ(ρz) results show a pronounced scatter, especially for large‐diameter spheres. Local variations in the tracer film thicknesses appear to be the reason for such scatter. The trends in the experimental and Monte Carlo results, however, are simple and show a strong dependence on the atomic number of the target material. A general expression for ϕ(ρz) for thin spheres is presented which fits the experimental tracer results. The Monte Carlo results agree well with the fitted data for elements of low atomic number and/or small‐size spheres. For elements of higher atomic number (Pd and W), however, the Monte Carlo ϕ(ρz) curves peak too early with mass thickness. This problem may be due to inadequacies of the scattering cross‐section models used in the analysis.
Quantitative x‐ray fluorescence analysis of Fe—Al and Cu—Fe binary alloys using selective excitation
Authors: Ladisich W. , Wobrauschek P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree excitation modes for Fe—Al binary alloys were compared using an energy‐dispersive spectrometer system. A set‐up with an appropriate secondary target to achieve selective excitation of aluminium proved to be a good solution for the determination of aluminium with a precision of ±0.2 at.% Al for concentrations between 40 and 60 at.% and an extrapolated lower limit of detection (LLD) of 0.04 wt.% (0.08 at.%) for Al in Fe. Experimental data were compared with theoretical calculations and showed good agreement. The geometry of the irradiation chamber improved the peak‐to‐background ratio due to polarization effects. The method was also applied for the analysis of Cu—Fe binary alloys with low Fe concentrations (1 at.%) with similarly good results, and an extrapolated LLD in the ppm range for Fe in Cu. A non‐destructive analysis was required as the samples were needed for Mössbauer spectrometric experiments in later investigations.
Influence of in‐sample scattering of fluorescent radiation on line shapes of Si(Li) detectors in XRF studies
Authors: Kis‐Varga M. , Végh J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe line‐shape degradation due to Compton scattering of fluorescent radiation was studied in thick, low‐atomic‐number samples. The Compton shelf/photopeak area ratios for elements from Y to I were determined from leastsquares fits. Compton contributions are given as a function of sample thickness for annular‐shaped Am‐241 isotope excitation in the usual XRF geometry. Measurements were also performed with collimated point source and tube excitation. The measured Compton shelves of fluorescent lines were compared with the values obtained from simulation by the SHAPE program package of Fernández and Sumini.
A new type of methylamine oxidase: The sole oxidase produced during growth of Sporobolomyces albo‐rubescens on primary alkylamines
Authors: Sherlock Lesley A. , Large Peter J. , Whitaker Richard G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUnder conditions known to separate methylamine oxidase from benzylamine oxidase in other yeast strains, only a single oxidase could be detected in Sporobolomyces albo‐rubescens. This occurred irrespective of whether methylamine or n‐butylamine was the nitrogen source for growth. The oxidase did not attack benzylamine. It was concluded that this organism can only produce a methylamine oxidase. The enzyme was purified to 90% homogeneity and found to have properties significantly a methylamine oxidases previously characterised. It lost only 40% of its activity in 30 min at 45°C, whereas methylamine oxidase previously described had half‐lives of from 2 to 9 min at 45°C. It showed also a lower activity with short chain 1‐aminoalkanes and a higher activity with longer chain 1‐aminoalkanes than other methylamine oxidases, and had a significantly smaller subunit molecular weight (57 000 compared with 80 000).
Synergistic effects of weak‐acid preservatives and pH on the growth of Zygosaccharomyces bailii
Authors: Cole M. B. , Keenan M. H. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn completely randomised factorial experiments, individual and synergistic effects of pH, benzoic acid and sorbic acid on the growth rate of the yeast Zygosaccharomyes bailii were determined, and expressed in polynomial equations. Synergism between benzoic and sorbic acid was pH dependent. A distinct effect of the anionic form of benzoic acid on doubling time was demonstrated by experiments in which concentrations of benzoic acid and benzoate were varied. The resultant polynomial equation showed that both species act synergistically.
Alcoholic fermentation by ‘non‐fermentative’ yeasts
Authors: Van Dijken Johannes P. , Van Den Bosch Eduard , Hermans John J. , De Miranda Lennart Rodrigues , Scheffers W. Alexander 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAll type strains of ‘non‐fermentative’ yeasts, available in the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, were reinvestigated for their capacity to ferment glucose in the classical Durham tube test. Although visible gas production was absent, nearly all strains produced significant amounts of ethanol under the test conditions. Under conditions of oxygen‐limited growth, even strong alcoholic fermentation may occur in a number of yeasts hitherto considered as non‐fermentative. Thus, shake‐flask cultures of Hansenula nonfermentans and Candida silvae fermented more than half of the available sugar to ethanol. It is concluded that the taxonomic test for fermentation capacity, which relies on detection of gas formation in Durham tubes, is not reliable for a physiological classification of yeasts as fermentative and non‐fermentative species.
Cloning and sequencing of the PHO80 gene and CEN15 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Toh‐E Akio , Shimauchi Toshitsugu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe PHO80 gene, which is one of the regulatory genes exerting negative control in the pho system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was cloned. The 1·8 kb DNA fragment carrying the PHO80 gene was sequenced and one open reading frame large enough to encode 293 amino acids was found in the sequence. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+‐RNA isolated from cells grown under repressed and derepressed conditions revealed that (i) the size of the PHO80 message was around 1·4 kb, (ii) the expression of the PHO80 gene was not affected by the presence or absence or absence of inorganic phosphate in the medium, and (iii) the expression of the PHO80 gene was not affected by pho2, pho4, pho81, or by pho80 itself. a centromere sequence was found downstream of the PHO80 coding region.
Sequence of a 7·8 kb segment on the left arm of yeast chromosome XI reveals four open reading frames, including the CAP1 gene, an intron‐containing gene and a gene encoding a homolog to the mammalian UOG‐1 gene
Authors: Boyer Jeanne , Pascolo Steve , Richard Guy‐Franck , Dujon Bernard 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report here the DNA sequence of a segment of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extending over 7·8 kb. The segment contains four long open reading frames, YKL150, YKL153, YKL155 and YKL156, YKL155 corresponds to the CAP1 gene. YKL153 contains an intron and shows an extremely biased codon usage suggestive of a highly expressed protein. YKL156 is a homolog to UOG‐1, an open reading frame associated with the cDNA clone of the mammalian growth/differentiation factor 1. YKL150 reveals common motifs to both the RNA polymerase II elongation factor of Drosophila melanogaster and to the yeast PPR2 gene product.
Molecular cloning of the GTP‐cyclohydrolase structural gene RIB1 of Pichia guilliermondii involved in riboflavin biosynthesis
Authors: Liauta‐Teglivets O. , Hasslacher M. , Boretskii Iu. R. , Kohlwein S. D. , Shavlovskii G. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe structural gene of GTP‐cyclohydrolase, involved in riboflavin biosynthesis, was cloned from a Pichia guilliermondii genomic library. A 1855 bp genomic DNA fragment complementing the riboflavin auxotrophies of an Escherichia coli ribA mutant, defective in GTP‐cyclohydrolase II, and a P. guilliermondii rib1 mutant was isolated and sequenced. An open reading frame with the potential to encode a protein of 344 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 38 711 Da was detected. The P. guilliermondii enzyme shows a high degree of homology to GTP‐cyclohydrolases type II from E. coli and Baccillus subtilis and to GTP‐cyclohydrolase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functional GTP‐cyclohydrolase from P. guilliermondii may consist of four identical subunits. The sequence of the RIB1 gene of P. guilliermondii was submitted to the EMBL sequence database and is accessible under Accession Number Z49093.
IV. Yeast sequencing reports. New open reading frames, one of which is similar to the nifV gene of Azotobacter vinelandii, Found on a 12·5 kbp fragment of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Verhasselt Peter , Voet Marleen , Volckaert Guido 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe nucleotide sequence of a 12·5 kbp segment of the left arm of chromosome IV is described. Five open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids were detected, all of which are completely confined to the 12·5 kbp region. Two ORFs (D1271 and D1286) correspond to previously sequenced genes (PPH22 and VMA1 or TFP1, respectively). ORF D1298 shows the characteristics of α‐isopropylmalate and homocitrate synthase genes and is similar to the nifV gene of Azotobacter vinelandii. Two more ORFs have no apparent homologue in the data libraries. Conversely, two smaller ORFs of 25 and 85 amino acids encoding the ribosomal protein YL41A and an ATPase inhibitor, respectively, were detected. Although a substantial part of the 12·5 kbp fragment apparently lacks protein‐coding characteristics, no other elements, such as tRNA genes or transposons, were found.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the Accession Number X83276.
XV. Yeast sequencing reports. A 29·425 kb segment on the left arm of yeast chromosome XV contains more than twice as many unknown as known open reading frames
Authors: Zumstein Emmanuelle , Pearson Bruce M. , Kalogeropoulos Angelos , Schweizer Michael 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe nucleotide sequence of a 29·425 kb fragment localized on the left arm of chromosome XV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. The sequence contains 13 open reading frames (ORFs) of which four encode the known genes ADH1, COQ3, MSH2 and RCF4. Predictions are made concerning the functions of the unknown ORFs. Some of the ORFs contain sequences similar to expressed sequences tags (EST) found in the database made available by TIGR. In particular, the highly expressed ADH1 gene is represented in this database by no less than 20 EST sequences. Two ARS sequences and a putative functional GCN4 motif have also been detected. One ORF (O0953) containing nine putative transmembrane segments is similar to a hypothetical membrane protein of Arabidopsis thaliana. Characteristic features of the other ORFs include ATP/GTP binding sites, a fungal Zn(2)‐Cys(6) binuclear centre, an endoplasmic reticulum targeting sequence, a β‐transducin repeat signature and in two instances, good similarity to the prokaryotic lipoprotein signal peptide motif. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X83121.
[Hg2(μ‐bpe)(μ‐OAc)2(μ‐SCN)2]n, a New Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer Involving Three Simultaneously Bridging Ligands: 1,2‐Bis(4‐pyridyle)ethene, Acetate, and Thiocyanate
Authors: Morsali Ali , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Kazak Canan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new mercury(II) complex of 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyle)ethene (bpe) with anionic acetate and thiocyanate ligands has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The single crystal X‐ray analysis shows that the complex is a two‐dimensional polymer with simultaneously bridging 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyle)ethane, acetate and thiocyanate ligands and basic repeating dimeric [Hg2(μ‐bpe)(μ‐OAc)2(μ‐SCN)2] units. The two‐dimensional system forms a three‐dimensional network by packing via π‐π stacking interactions.
A Coordination Polymer from HAMTTO with Silver(I) (HAMTTO = 4‐Amino‐6‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazine‐3‐thione‐5‐one)
Authors: Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Adhami Forough , Taeb Abas , Heravi Majid M. , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe reaction of 4‐amino‐6‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazine‐3‐thione‐5‐one, HAMTTO, with silver (I) nitrate in methanol led under deprotonation to the polymeric compound [(AMTTO)Ag]n. The coordination polymer {[Ag(HAMTTO)]ClO4}n (1) is synthesized from the reaction of the latter polymeric compound with perchloric acid. Both compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on compound 1 showed that HAMTTO acts as a bidentate ligand and chelates the silver atom via its hydrazine nitrogen atom and its sulfur atom. Crystal data for 1 at −90 °C: space group P21, Z = 2, a = 629.3(1), b = 748.7(1), c = 1071.7(1) pm, β = 98.28(1)°, R1 = 0.0533.