bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of assessments of children's eating‐disordered behaviors by interview and questionnaire
Authors: Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Morgan Christina M. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Marmarosh Cheri , Wilfley Denise E. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveIn adults, interview methods may detect eating‐disordered behaviors more accurately than self‐report methods. However, no studies have investigated the relationships between interview and self‐report assessments in children. We compared results from the Eating Disorder Examination adapted for Children (ChEDE) with the Adolescent version of the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP‐A) and with the Children's Eating Attitude Test (ChEAT) in a nontreatment sample of overweight and normal weight children.MethodThe ChEDE, QEWP‐A, and ChEAT were administered to 46 overweight (body mass index [BMI] at or above the 85th percentile) and 42 normal weight (BMI at the 15th–85th percentile) children, 10 ± 1.8 years, recruited from the community.ResultsThe ChEDE and QEWP‐A were not concordant for the number or type of eating episodes that occurred in the past month. Compared with the ChEDE, the QEWP‐A was reasonably specific, but it was not sensitive for the presence of objective (17 % sensitivity, 91% specificity) or subjective bulimic episodes (0 % sensitivity, 89 % specificity) during the past month. ChEDE and ChEAT global scores were significantly related (Kendall's tau = 0.286, p < .001), but specific items assessing guilt in relation to eating and preoccupation with food were not.DiscussionAlthough self‐report methods of eating disorder assessment in children may provide some general information regarding eating psychopathology in non‐treatment‐seeking children, they do not accurately reflect the results of a structured interview. Published 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.† Int J Eat Disord 33: 213–224, 2003.
Frequency‐domain active noise control system using optimal step sizes
Authors: Kajikawa Yoshinobu , Ashitaka Katsumi , Nomura Yasuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a new frequency‐domain active noise control (ANC) system is proposed in which an optimal step size is used for updating at each frequency. The proposed system achieves convergence faster than in the case of the conventional ANC system with the Filtered‐x LMS method updated with the step size converging at the fastest speed. This is because the step size with the fastest convergence can be adapted at each frequency in the proposed system. In the conventional system, convergence is not possible unless the phase error of the secondary path model satisfies the stability condition. In the proposed system, on the other hand, excellent silencing characteristics without divergence can be obtained by letting the step size become 0 at frequencies not satisfying the stability condition, because a different step size at each frequency can be used. In this paper, the theoretical equation for the optimal step size is derived by using only the information obtainable during system operation. Next, a configuration of the ANC system that can make use of the optimal step size derived from this theoretical equation is explained. Further, the method for identifying the frequency causing instability and its control method are explained. Finally, by computer simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(7): 51–61, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10000
Group‐IV Metal Complexes as Hydroamination Catalysts
Authors: Bytschkov Igor , Doye Sven 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring the last 50 years, group‐IV metal complexes have been used extensively as catalysts in organic chemistry. However, a new and rapidly growing field for group‐IV metal catalysis evolved in the 1990s when the groups of Bergman, Livinghouse and Doye found that zirconium and titanium complexes catalyze the inter‐ and intramolecular hydroamination of alkynes and allenes. Starting from early results obtained with zirconocene bis(amides), this review deals mostly with hydroamination reactions based on titanium catalysts. In this context, studies directed towards catalyst development are presented as well as applications of corresponding processes for the synthesis of biologically interesting compounds. However, the Microreview covers group‐IV metal complex catalyzed hydroamination reactions of alkynes and allenes that appeared in the literature before July 31, 2002. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A Good Bargain: An Inexpensive, Air‐Stable Ruthenium Metathesis Catalyst Derived from α‐Asarone
Authors: Grela Karol , Kim Mikhail 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe one‐step synthesis of ruthenium carbene precatalyst 7 from inexpensive α‐asarone [(E)‐6] is described. This recyclable and easy to obtain complex can be used successfully in various types of metathesis (RCM, CM, enyne) as a cheaper and more potent substitute of the Hoveyda‐type precatalyst 2b. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of Chiral Imidazole Derivatives as Purine Precursors
Authors: Suwiński Jerzy , Szczepankiewicz Wojciech , Świerczek Krzysztof , Walczak Krzysztof 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFrom commercially available chiral building blocks, we have developed methods for the syntheses of imidazole derivatives that contain a chiral alkyl substituent at ring atom. These compounds are suitable for further transformation into Nalkyl purine derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Perceiving ingroup members who use stereotypes: implicit conformity and similarity
Authors: Castelli Luigi , Arcuri Luciano , Zogmaister Cristina 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that people subtly conform more to ingroup members who use stereotype‐consistent rather than stereotype‐inconsistent information when describing an outgroup member (Castelli, Vanzetto, Sherman, & Arcuri, 2001). In the present article, we will address two important issues. First, we will examine whether this subtle conformity toward stereotypers is related to individuals' prejudice level (Study 1). Second, we will examine one of the processes that underlie the perception of ingroup members who use stereotype‐consistent information, hypothesizing that individuals implicitly feel more similar to such sources than to ingroup members who use stereotype‐inconsistent information (Study 2). Both hypotheses were confirmed and results are discussed in terms of the distinction between implicit and explicit attitudes and their implications in the maintenance of social stereotypes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preferences for changing power positions and power distances: a social value orientations approach
Authors: Poppe Matthijs 
Published: March 2003

AbstractParticipants were asked to put themselves in the position of one of three persons who differed in the amount of power they had in a small work unit. Subsequently, they could allocate points on a power scale to themselves and the two others, and thus, change the power positions and the power distances between the positions. The least powerful individuals had the strongest tendency to increase their power. They wanted to reduce the power distance to the person in the higher position more than the power distance to the person in the middle position. The most powerful wanted to increase the power distance to the person in the middle position but not the power distance to the least powerful. Most results were consistent with social comparison theory and contrary to power distance theory. Because the dependent measures were derived from the social value orientations model, the scope of this model has been expanded. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereotype threat: the effect of expectancy on performance
Authors: Cadinu Mara , Maass Anne , Frigerio Sara , Impagliazzo Lisa , Latinotti Samira 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate to role of expectancy as a potential mediator of performance deficits under stereotype threat. In Experiment 1, female students were assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which they were told that women perform worse (Negative information), equally (Control) or better (Positive information) than men in logical–mathematical tests. Later, they were given a difficult math test and asked to estimate their performance prior to taking the test. Consistent with predictions, participants who considered logical–mathematical abilities important and received negative information regarding the ingroup showed lower levels of expectations and a sharp decrease in performance compared to women in the positive and control conditions. Moreover, expectancy was found to partially mediate the effect of stereotype threat on performance. In Experiment 2, we tested the generalizability of these results to non‐stigmatized groups. A group of Black Americans living in Italy were provided with favorable or unfavorable information about either their minority (Blacks) or their majority (Americans) ingroup. Consistent with predictions, participants both in the minority and in the majority condition had lower expectations and under‐performed after negative information about the ingroup. However, the level of expectancy was found to mediate the decrease in performance for participants in the Black but not in the American condition. In the discussion of these results it is suggested that, although comparable performance deficits are found for minority and majority members, the underlying processes may be different. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput screening of kinase inhibitors by multiplex capillary electrophoresis with UV absorption detection
Authors: He Yan , Yeung Edward S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractProtein kinases play a major role in the transformation of cells and are often used as molecular targets for the new generation of anticancer drugs. We present a novel technique for high‐throughput screening of inhibitors of protein kinases. The technique involves the use of multiplexed capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the rapid separation of the peptides, phosphopeptides, and various inhibitors. By means of UV detection, diversified peptides with native amino acid sequences and their phosphorylated counterparts can be directly analyzed without the need for radioactive or fluorescence labeling. The effects of different inhibitors and their IC50 value were determined using three different situations involving the use of a single purified kinase, two purified kinases, and crude cell extracts, respectively. The results suggest that multiplexed CE/UV may prove to be a straightforward and general approach for high‐throughput screening of compound libraries to find potent and selective inhibitors of the various protein kinases.
Characterization of acridone dyes for use in four‐decay detection in DNA sequencing
Authors: Mihindukulasuriya Samila H. , Morcone Tara K. , McGown Linda B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFour acridone dyes and dye‐labeled primers were characterized for use in four‐decay DNA sequencing. In the four‐decay scheme, fluorescence lifetime replaces spectral (“color”) selectivity for distinguishing between four base‐specific labels in a single‐lane capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of the DNA fragments. Prior to the introduction of the acridone dyes, a major obstacle to four‐decay detection was the lack of four suitable dyes with resolvable lifetimes. The four acridone dyes, whether free in solution or tethered to DNA primer, exhibit significant differences among their lifetimes and are well‐suited to use together in four‐decay sequencing. The lifetimes of the four dye‐labeled DNA primers that were sequentially injected and detected on‐the‐fly in a 2% POP6 sequencing gel were 4, 6, 11 and 14 ns. A 405 nm violet laser diode provides optimal excitation of the four dyes.
Spot overlapping in two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis maps: Relevance to proteomics
Authors: Pietrogrande Maria Chiara , Marchetti Nicola , Dondi Francesco , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractProteomics requires a large‐scale, simultaneous separation of proteins from a mixture, assessment of the relative abundance of these molecules, and identification and characterization of each component. In 2‐D PAGE separations, the best method of choice for protein analysis, separation of all the proteins present in the sample is still far to be achieved and comigrating proteins in the same spot are in general present. A statistical estimation of the degree of spot overlapping present in a 2‐D PAGE separation is here described: for different conditions of spot overcrowding in the map, the degree of overlapping can be quantified in terms of purity degree of each spot or percentage of proteins that will appear in the map as a single spot. A computer simulation approach is described: it is based on the protein separation pattern present in the experimental maps. The results thus obtained are compared to a theoretical model (statistical degree of peak overlapping model) based on random spot position. The described procedures were applied to an experimental reference map of human plasma. The severity of spot overlapping in 2‐D PAGE maps is estimated and the influence of different experimental conditions (strip dimension, detector system performance, pI range) is discussed. These informations are useful to quantitatively estimate the degree of error associated with identification and quantitation of each protein and to set‐up experimental conditions which will increase resolution and greatly decrease the probability of spot overlapping.
Direct identification of all oncogenic mutants in KRAS exon 1 by cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Bjørheim Jens , Gaudernack Gustav , Giercksky Karl‐Erik , Ekstrøm Per O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOver the past few decades, advances in genetics and molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of cancer initiation and progression. Molecular progression models outlining genetic events have been developed for many solid tumors, including colon cancer. Previous reports in the literature have shown a relationship between different KRAS mutations and prognosis and response to medical treatment in colon cancer patients. Furthermore, the presence of a mutated KRAS has been correlated with different clinicopathological variables including age and gender of patients and tumor location. To our knowledge, few institutions screen for KRAS mutations on regular basis in colon cancer patients despite such evidence that knowledge of KRAS exon 1 status is informative. Here, we report on a mutation analysis method adapted to a 96‐capillary electrophoresis instrument that allows identification of all 12 oncogenic mutations in KRAS exon 1 under denaturing conditions. To determine the optimal parameters, a series of DNA constructs generated by site‐directed mutagenesis was analyzed and the migration times of all mutant peaks were measured. A classification tree was then made based on the differences in migration time between the mutants and an internal standard. A randomized series of 500 samples constructed with mutagenesis as well as 60 blind samples from sporadic colon carcinomas was analyzed to test the method. No wild‐type samples were scored as mutants and all mutants were correctly identified. Post polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis time of 96 samples was performed within 40 min.
On‐column derivatization of the antibiotics teicoplanin and ristocetin coupled to affinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Silverio Catherine F. , Azad Maryam , Gomez Frank A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBinding constants between the glycopeptides teicoplanin (Teic) and ristocetin (Rist) and their derivatives to D‐Ala‐D‐Ala terminus peptides were determined by on‐column receptor synthesis coupled to partial‐filling affinity capillary electrophoresis (PFACE) or affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). In these techniques, the column is first partially filled with increasing concentrations of D‐Ala‐D‐Ala terminus peptides. This is followed by plugs of buffer, antibiotic and two noninteracting standards, and acetic and/or succinic anhydride (and buffer in the case of ACE). The order of the reagent plugs containing the antibiotic and anhydride varies with the charge of the glycopeptide. Upon electrophoresis, the antibiotic reacts with the anhydride yielding a derivative of Teic or Rist. Continued electrophoresis results in the overlap of the derivatized antibiotic and the plug of D‐Ala‐D‐Ala peptide. Analysis of the change in the relative migration time ratio (RMTR) of the new glycopeptide relative to the standards, as a function of the concentration of the D‐Ala‐D‐Ala ligand yields a value for the binding constant Kb. The techniques described here can be used to assess how the derivatization of drugs alters their affinities for target molecules.
Separation of anti‐tumor peptides by capillary electrophoresis in organic solvent containing background electrolytes
Authors: Idei Miklós , Kiss Éva , Dobos Zsófia , Hallgas Balázs , Mészáros György , Hollósy Ferenc , Kéri György 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConnections between the calculated and measured electrophoretic mobilities (νep) determined by capillary electrophoresis as well as connections between the measured and calculated diffusion coefficients of anti‐tumor peptides have been investigated in background electrolytes (BGEs) containing different organic solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol). Comparison of the electrophoretic mobility (νep) values revealed discrepancies between the measured and calculated values. However, no change in the migration order or selectivity could be expected from the calculated νep values, variation of both properties was observed applying organic solvents as BGE modifiers. Experimental determination of the diffusion coefficient suggested that the effect of the organic solvents is not restricted to the change of the BGE viscosity. The reason for the discrepancy between the measured and calculated mobility values might be the possible conformation and/or solvation changes of the peptide caused by the different organic solvents.
Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry of peptides from enzymatic protein hydrolysis: Simulation and optimization
Authors: Simó Carolina , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo important limitations still exist for the characterization of protein digests by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS): (i) the buffer choice (i.e., the buffer must provide an adequate CE separation without ruining the MS signal), and (ii) the frequent generation of “unexpected” peptidic fragments during the enzymatic protein hydrolysis. In this work, a new approach is used to solve these difficulties, namely a theoretical model that relates the electrophoretic behavior of peptides to their sequence. The effectiveness of this procedure is demonstrated by the fast attainment of good CE‐MS conditions for analyzing the peptides obtained from an enzymatic protein hydrolysate in a single run. This strategy can provide useful information for helping to characterize “unexpected” fragments from protein digests.
Genotoxicity of a polluted river system measured using the alkaline comet assay on fish and earthworm tissues
Authors: Rajaguru P. , Suba S. , Palanivel M. , Kalaiselvi K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMonitoring genotoxicity in the environment by using endemic organisms as sentinels requires sensitive assays. In this study the genotoxic properties of water and sediment collected from the Noyyal River, which is polluted with industrial effluent and sewage, was determined in fish (Cyprinus carpio) and earthworms (Eisenia foetida) using the alkaline comet assay. Upon electrophoresis, extensive DNA damage, measured as the DNA length:width ratio of the DNA mass, was observed in erythrocytes, liver, and kidney cells of fish exposed to polluted water samples and the amount of damage increased with the duration of exposure. Similarly, the mean DNA length:width ratio was significantly higher in the coelomocytes of earthworms placed in sediment samples. The highest levels of DNA damage were obtained with samples taken at and immediately downstream of urban centers. The results of this study indicate that the Noyyal River system is contaminated with substances that are genotoxic to fish and earthworms and that the comet assay has sufficient sensitivity to detect the genotoxicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:85–91, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations induced by (−)‐anti‐11R,12S‐dihydrodiol 13S,14R‐epoxide of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in the coding region of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene in Chinese hamster V79 cells
Authors: Mahadevan Brinda , Dashwood Wan‐Mohaiza , Luch Andreas , Pecaj Arta , Doehmer Johannes , Seidel Albrecht , Pereira Cliff , Baird William M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) is an exceptionally potent carcinogen. Its direct DNA‐reactive metabolite, the fjord region (−)‐anti‐11R,12S‐dihydrodiol 13S,14R‐epoxide [(−)‐anti‐DB[a,l]PDE], was used to investigate induction of mutations in the coding region of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Cells exposed to 1–10 nM (−)‐anti‐DB[a,l]PDE exhibited a close dose‐responsive increase in the frequency of mutant clones resistant to 6‐thioguanine. RNA was isolated from mutant clones and cDNAs were prepared by reverse transcription. The coding region of the cDNA of the Hprt gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Analysis of the DNA base sequence changes induced by (−)‐anti‐DB[a,l]PDE indicated that base substitutions were the most prevalent mutations, followed by exon deletions. Among the groups of V79 cells treated with low concentrations of (−)‐anti‐DB[a,l]PDE, most displayed high selectivity for both A:T→T:A transversions and A:T→G:C transitions, while cells exposed to a higher dose (10 nM) formed predominantly G:C→T:A transversions. Also, the number of base substitutions per mutant clone increased with dose. In general, the mutation profiles induced by (−)‐anti‐DB[a,l]PDE exhibited a wide spectrum; in addition to base substitutions, deletions, insertions, frameshift mutations, as well as tandem mutations were detected. Analysis of the DNA adduct levels induced by (−)‐anti‐DB[a,l]PDE revealed that a concentration‐dependent increase in the level of adduct formation preceded the concentration‐dependent increase in mutational events in these cells and that an increasing proportion of DNA adducts at deoxyadenosine were formed with dose. The results of this study demonstrate a correspondence between the concentration and types of DNA adducts and the frequency and types of mutations induced by (−)‐anti‐DB[a,l]PDE in V79 cells. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:131–139, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a microplate assay for the detection of single plaque‐forming units of bacteriophage ΦX174 in crude lysates
Authors: Slattery Scott D. , Valentine Carrie R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMice containing the ΦX174 am3 transgene can be used for measuring in vivo mutation; however, the single burst analysis method used for distinguishing in vivo mutations from mutations generated during sample processing is labor‐intensive. A liquid microplate assay was developed that detects a single mutant plaque‐forming unit (PFU) of ΦX174 bacterial virus in the presence of excess nonmutant virus. The assay is based on inhibiting reduction of the tetrazolium dye, MTS, by bacterial cells selective for mutant virus. The assay is performed with crude lysates of infected bacteria and is as accurate as scoring viral plaques on a bacterial lawn. This microplate assay may have application in increasing throughput of the single burst analysis of ΦX174 in transgenic mouse mutation assays. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:121–125, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.