bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordering Selves
Authors: Cavell Marcia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of the self as we think of it entered modern philosophy through Descartes and epistemology: self as mind, self as consciously thinking “I”sayer who in thinking knows for certain that he exists and knows also some of the contents of his own mind. Such knowledge is called self-reflexive: it is my knowledge that I exist that is certain; yet my knowing that Marcia Cavell exists is susceptible to doubt, for I might not after all be Marcia Cavell. And although my knowing that I am now thinking about self-knowledge is not indefeasible, it seems to enjoy a certain kind of authority.
Perspectives in Bartók Research
Authors: Antokoletz Elliott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extensive work by many Bartók scholars, especially in the last two decades, has led to new perspectives into a musical world created by a composer of keen intuition, broad knowledge, and unwavering artistic convictions. As scholars continue to gain significant—though often isolated—insights into the complexities of Bela Bartók’s musical language, aesthetics, compositional process, and historical sources, it becomes increasingly evident that a complete understanding of his life and thought depends on a concerted effort toward a more integrated approach to the Bartók disciplines.
Bartók on Southslavic Epic Songs
Authors: Erdely Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The appointment of Bela Bartók at Columbia University as visiting research associate in music, in 1941–42, enabled him to study Yugoslav heroic as well as lyric songs (so-called women’s songs) collected by Harvard professor Milman Parry in 1933–35. Bartók’s book Serbo-Croatian Folk Songs, with Albert Bates Lord as co-author, documents the results of his work. In the introductory chapters he summarizes his lifelong experiences in dealing with folk music, along with the methods of transcribing and organizing collected songs, and in the main body of the book he presents seventy-five lyric songs in meticulous transcription and with comparative notes, which are trademarks of his scholarship. Albert Lord’s contributions to the study are the transcriptions and translations of the folk song texts, comments on the songs, and an introductory essay.
Modal Transformation and Musical Symbolism in Bartók’s Cantata Projana
Authors: Antokoletz Elliott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the increasingly repressive political atmosphere of the 1930s, Bartók composed one of several planned cantatas to express his ideal concerning the brotherhood of neighboring nations—Romania, Slovakia, and Hungary. While the Cantata Profana (1930) represents the most explicit embodiment of his philosophy and symbolizes his personal commitment to the principles of national independence and personal freedom, the broad evolution of his musical aesthetics represents a more general symbolization of his humanistic philosophy. The conjoining of these social concerns with his lifelong musical endeavors to synthesize divergent Eastern folk music modalities and Western art music sources came to full fruition in the Cantata. In a letter to Octavian Beu, dated January 10, 1931, Bartók summarized his philosophical attitude concisely:
Bartók’s Concerto for Orchestra (1943) and Janáček’s Sinfonietta (1926): Conceptual and Motivic Parallels
Authors: Porter James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bartók’s life, work, and thought have often been measured against those of his contemporaries, especially those enculturated in Central or Eastern Europe in the later nineteenth century.1 One other major composer in Central Europe who bridged the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries found in folk music the inspiration for a series of masterpieces.
Bartók in North Africa: A Unique Fieldwork and Its Impact on His Music
Authors: Kárpati János 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is perhaps well known how Bartok eventually extended his trips to collect folk music in the territory of Greater Hungary, from the central Hungarian population to the Slovaks in the north and Romanians in the east.1 It is uncertain when he decided to extend his fieldwork to non-European regions. His intention to undertake a North African trip begins with his correspondence of 1911. On July 9, his letter to Mrs. Janos Bu itia from Munich states that he was en route to Paris, “in order to study Arab folk songs.”2 During his stay in Paris, July 11–23, he wrote to his wife, Marta, that he had already purchased an Arab-French dictionary and an Arabic grammar book but did not find any Arab folk song collections. In the same letter, he mentions the possibility of a journey to Africa: “It will be good for you to be carefully accustomed to the heat. Perhaps next summer we will go to such a place.”3
Bartók’s Notations in Composition and Transcription
Authors: Somfai László 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bela Bartók’s three major activities as composer, ethnomusicologist, and pianist, his habitual practice of revising the notation of his compositions and folk music transcriptions, and his goal of reaching ultimate perfection should have long ago made him a model case in studying the phenomenon of “perfect notation” in a broader context. Yet until now, mostly because of the limited availability of primary sources but also because Bartók research was not appropriately integrated into the mainstream of musicology, the study of the notation in his composed works and in the transcription of recorded folk songs and dances developed in more or less independent channels and produced modest results.
Correcting Printed Editions of Béla Bartók’s Viola Concerto and Other Compositions
Authors: Bartók Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1985—nearly forty years after my father’s death—the bulk of his manuscripts were turned over to me, following termination of a trust set up by his will. Having access to these manuscripts enabled the comparison of published editions of his works with the manuscript sources. I had been aware of my father’s remark, made in a casual conversation, lamenting the many errors that remained in his published music. Among my father’s papers are printed copies of some of his compositions with the note “Corrected copy” on the outside cover. He had once explained to me the procedure by which printed music could be made as free of errors as possible: engraving from the best manuscript source; correction of first proofs; verification and correction, if necessary of second proofs; “and then, when finally the work is printed, it still has some incorrect details.”
Degrees of Moral Rightness
Authors: Lockhart Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his article, “Subjectivization in Ethics,” James L. Hudson argues, convincingly in my view, that subjective moral theories are more satisfactory than objective theories as sources of guidance for our action choices. By “subjective theory,” Hudson means a moral theory that “guarantees the agent’s ability to use … [it] … to guide her actions.” An example of a subjective theory is subjective (act) utilitarianism, which tells us to maximize expected utility. An “objective theory,” by contrast. does not guarantee the agent’s ability to apply the theory. An example is objective (act) utilitarianism, which says simply. “Maximize utility.” The subjective theory is more useful. Hudson claims, because, although we often do not know which action(s) would actually maximize utility, we always know which action(s) we would expect to maximize utility if they were chosen.
A Decision-Theoretic Reconstruction of Roe v. Wade
Authors: Lockhart Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the preceding chapter, we saw how a disagreement between two ethicists about a case in medical ethics might be resolved by moving the discussion from questions about the moral rightness of the alternatives to questions about their expected moral rightness. The disagreement would be resolved for practical purposes in that the disputants would be able to agree about what the decision-maker should, in the final analysis, do. In this chapter, we shall consider another case of decision-making under normative uncertainty-the U. S. Supreme Court’s decision in the Roe v. Wade abortion case.
The Projection Error as a Source of Moral Relativism
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To see how easily one can slip into a relativistic view of morality, let us consider a case everyone is familiar with from popular discussions of relativism: the case of Eskimos leaving their old people to freeze to death. The argument, as we’ve all heard it, goes as follows: “People in our culture think this Eskimo practice cruel, and if one of us were to treat an aged parent like this, he would be prosecuted for murder. But the Eskimos see nothing wrong in leaving their old people to freeze to death. Even the old people themselves accept this practice. Obviously, then, they have a different morality from ours.”
What Is Morality?
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Relativists think of their doctrine as a radical departure from the traditional theories of moral absolutists. In fact, however, moral relativism and absolutism are no more than variations on a common theme: Both derive from the idea that morality consists of moral rules or principles, that these constitute the bedrock of moral thought and reasoning. If there is a fundamental flaw in the relativists’ doctrine, it is that they fail to be radical enough, that they share with absolutists this underlying picture of morality and differ from absolutists only after they have, hand in hand, taken the fatal plunge. In this chapter we will consider more carefully their common conception of morality.
Problems in the Philosophical Description of Morality
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conception of morality shared by relativists and absolutists contains a number of ideas that deserve scrutiny: (i) It represents morality as being concerned only (or at least primarily) with actions. (ii) It describes morality as consisting of moral principles. (iii) It treats the words right, wrong, good, bad, and ought as the primary moral terms. (iv) It represents our (alleged) moral principles-on which our familiar moral comments (judgments) about people’s actions are “based”-as being “external, non-personal in their origin,” which implies that one’s role in morality is limited to that of following rules (or applying principles) which one had no hand in fashioning.
Enculturative Conditioning
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How might someone get the idea that morality assigns to the individual a very minimal role, namely, that of following rules (or applying principles) which are imposed upon us from without? That is the question I should like to answer. It is disturbing to think that morality is nothing but the product of “enculturative conditioning” so that our capacity for moral thought is constrained by a cultural straightjacket. Yet there is something in this idea­ something I find difficult to describe-which makes me think it is not completely misguided.
Husserl: Subjectivity and Intentionality
Authors: Carr David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I begin our discussion of Husserl by asking the same question I asked about Kant: does his philosophy present us with a metaphysics of the subject? As with Kant, many interpreters-not just Heidegger would answer in the affirmative; indeed, the answer might be that if anything qualifies as a metaphysics of the subject, it is transcendental phenomenology. I want to argue against this interpretation and proposean alternative.
Animal Cloning: The Pet Paradigm
Authors: Klotzko Arlene Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two years after the birth of Dolly the sheep, and eight months after Dr. Richard Seed—the eccentric physicist and would-be cloner of humans for cash—took his brief turn on the world stage, cloning returned to the news. Not with a bang or even with a bleat. This time it was a bark. Scientists at Texas A&M University announced that they were poised to clone—for a $2.3 million reward—a pet dog named Missy, an 11 year old border collie/husky mix, adopted from the pound by an adoring and very rich American couple who have zealously guarded their anonymity.
Ethical Aspects of Genetic Modification of Animals: Opinion of the Group of Advisers on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology of the European Commission
Authors: Schroten Egbert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The opinion addresses the genetic modification of animals brought about by DNA technology, including transfer of genes (transgenesis) and the deletion of genes (“knock-out”).Genetic modification of animals is a developing technology which will add to rather than replace existing techniques.
Philosophy after Objectivity
Authors: Moser Paul K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers have traditionally sought objective knowledge: knowledge of things whose existence does not depend on one’s conceiving of them. Philosophy After Objectivity uses lessons from debates over objective knowledge to characterize the kinds of reasons pertinent to philosophical and other theoretical views. It argues that we cannot meet skeptics’ typical demands for non-question begging support for claims to objective truth, and that, therefore, we should not regard our supporting reasons as resistant to skeptical challenges.
Introduction: Objectivity and Relativity in Philosophy
Authors: Moser Paul K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers of all stripes have theories to offer, for better or worse. Sometimes the only theory offered is that philosophers cannot—or at least should not-propose theories. Even skeptics, of one ilk or another, occasionally offer theories. Skepticism is, at least for various skeptics, an epistemological theory, with many different theoretical manifestations. Theories in philosophy, whether good or bad, aim to explain something, to answer certain explanation-seeking questions. Why is there something rather than nothing? Why is there what does exist, instead of something else? Why is there experience, including our experience as it now is? What is being? What is thinking? What is knowledge? What are we? And so on, virtually without end. Rare is the philosopher with no theory whatever to offer. Such would be a philosopher without a philosophy, an obvious candidate for impossibility. Equally rare is the philosopher whose proposed theory meets with anything like widespread acceptance. Why is this? Even that question calls for a theory.
Reasons, Truth, and Relativism
Authors: Moser Paul K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers often pursue this issue: Where should we begin a philosophical effort to say what sorts of things actually exist or, more broadly, to say what in general is true rather than false? Part of this question’s difficulty comes from unclarity in its use of ‘should’ and ‘true’. We lack clear standards definitive of correct use of such terms, at least in many cases. If we specify the needed standards, we have done so from our conceptual standpoint—a standpoint that might not be shared by others. Our standards will seem, and perhaps even be, optional at best from certain other conceptual standpoints.
Inductive Confirmability and Physical Necessity
Authors: Lange Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppose we are predicting whether a given actual F, heretofore unexamined for its Gness, is G. We may be in a position to make a justified prediction on the basis of having already discovered that it is a law that all Fs are G. But it is often maintained that we cannot make a justified prediction on the basis of having already discovered that it is an accident that all Fs are G, because we cannot be justified in believing it to be an accident that all Fs are G in advance of justly believing that we have already examined every F for its Gness.
Laws, Regularities, and Provisos
Authors: Lange Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is typically taken for granted that laws are or are invariably associated with logically contingent regularities. (E.g., on a “Humean” account, laws just are regularities, whereas according to an account of laws as relations of “nomic necessitation” among universals, each law underwrites a regularity.) The key issue is then finding a way to distinguish the regularities associated with laws from the accidental regularities. But there is a prior issue: Is every law associated straightforwardly with a regularity? In section 2, I motivate this question by way of the “provisos” to various law-statements. These are clauses, often remaining implicit, that stipulate something like “ceteris paribus” or the absence of “disturbing factors.” It has proved difficult to see what provisos might mean, especially when we bear in mind that we are able to discover and to apply various laws—to recognize when there are no disturbing factors—even before we have ascertained all of the kinds of influences there are.
Introduction
Authors: Freedman Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every Day During My Fourteen Years in New Haven-six in graduate school, eight on the faculty-I trudged across a large thoroughfare on my way from breakfast at Naples Pizza to Linsly-Chittenden Hall, home of Yale’s famous English department. On Fridays, the corner was occupied-there is no other word-by a group of Lubavitcher Hasidim who sought out Jewish-looking folk like myself, walked up to us, and shouted in our ears, “Excuse me, sir, are you Jewish?” Needless to say, they presented me with so ething of a dilemma. Had I answered yes-I never did-they would have escorted me into the back of their mitzvah-mobile, taught me a prayer or two, and helped me on the path toward Jewish enlightenment. I had no interest in this, since my own Jewishness consists of a passionate belief in voting the straight Democratic ticket, fasting on Yorn Kippur, eating bagels and lox-and doing no more. Had I answered no, however, I would have been disavowing not only my own Jewishness but also that of my family who after all, certain Europeans had tried to stick in ovens a generation earlier and who had only escaped their fates by a series of flukes too fortuitous to be believable.
The Mania of the Middlebrow: Trilby, the Jew, and the Middlebrow Imaginary
Authors: Freedman Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN THE PRECEDING CHAPTER, I attempted to suggest that writers of the high Victorian period inflected the figure of the Jew so as to articulate their own tangled structure of affects about marketplace culture and to negotiate a new place for themselves in that culture-ironically enough, as a version of precisely that problematic figure, “the Jew.” But this argument raises in its wake another question: what about the audience-those readers Trollope confutes and confuses so vigorously at the end of The Way We Live Now and who responded to their own indictment with such startling indifference? There is no hard and fast way of answering the question. Despite the very fine efforts of critics like Norman Holland and Janice Radway, the empirical phenomenology of reader response-of what actually happens when people read and how their reading practices enter into their daily lives-remains conjectural and murky. Despite the excellent work of Richard Altick, Martha Vicinius, and Regenia Gagnier on the constitution of working- and middle-class readerships, the question of how readers of the past actually responded to texts on a quotidian basis remains murkier still.
“Illustrious Sienese Women Worthy Of Remembrance”
Authors: Reardon Colleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The science Female monastic tradition is reputed to have begun in 801, when Pepin, son of Charlemagne, ordered the construction of a conventt. I to honor the Roman martyrs Abbondio and Abbondanzio. Angelic intervention determined the very location of the nunnery. It is said that the laborers began to build in a valley near the Tressa river, but on returning to work the next day, they found that the entire foundation had been miraculously transported to a nearby hill. In subsequent centuries, the devout Benedictine nuns of “Santa Bonda” garnered many admirers, among them Blessed Giovanni Colombini (1304-67), the Sienese founder of the Gesuati, and his “companion in poverty,” Francesco Vincenti. Both men entrusted their daughters to the care of the nuns and left the convent substantial bequests in their wills. Colombini also specified his wish to be buried in the nuns’ cloister. In 1575, the apostolic visitor Francesco Bossi found only fifty-one women at SS. Abbondio e Abbondanzio, but seventy or so nuns are recorded by the turn of the seventeenth century, making it one of the city’s most populous convents1.
Veni, Veni Soror Nostra
Authors: Reardon Colleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus read the penultimate decree in the series of thirty-six that Francesco Bossi issued in the aftermath of his visit to Sienese convents in 1575. emonies: Bossi ordered that the expenses for food were not to exceed 10 scudi1. These decrees, so similar in content to those emanating from prelates in Rome, Bologna, Venice, and Piacenza, testify to the customs the ecclesiastical hierarchy wanted observed when a girl entered a nunnery or took her vows2. The family invited a large number of friends and relatives to accompany their daughter to the convent and to witness her performance in the solemn ceremonies that marked her admission to and acceptance of life in the cloister. Afterward, family, friends, and nuns were treated to a banquet. Since Bossi was critical of nuns’ theater-he issued another decree forbidding that practice-he was doubtless discomfited by the idea that the already dramatic religious rituals could be embellished in such a way that they played out on an even larger stage, with the participation of the public.
Alla Citta’Ritorna
Authors: Reardon Colleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Palazzo Pubblico is one of Siena’s most impressive buildings. It dominates the Campo, the lovely fan-shaped piazza that lies at the city’s heart. For centuries, Sienese leaders convened inside its walls to deliberate the governance of the city. After the fall of the republic in 1555, when the magistracies that met there had little power, the Public Palace came to be exploited for a new purpose: entertainment. In 1560, on the occasion of Cosimo I de’ Medici’s first visit to his newly acquired dominion, the Great Counsel Hall (“Sala grande del Consiglio”) was transformed into a theater by the construction of a stage for performers and of galleries for an audience1. Eighty years later, Prince Mattias de’ Medici, then governor of Siena and a great fan of the new genre of opera, ordered the theater in the Public Palace renovated, possibly along the lines of SS. Giovanni e Paolo in Venice. In 1647, the refurbished venue served as the site of the first operatic performance in Siena. Among the attendees were the English tourists John Raymond and Robert Bargrave, who were especially taken with the elaborate scenery and the machines2. Despite the apparent success of the work, over twenty years would pass before another opera was mounted in Siena.
Weeping and Rejoicing
Authors: Reardon Colleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1650, the Sienese composer Alessandro Della Ciaia allowed his second volume of music to be published under the title Sacred Lamentations and Motets for one voice with basso continuo 1. The use of the verb “allowed” is intentional here, for Della Ciaia appears to have left the painstaking work of seeing the compositions through the press to a certain Bastiano Arditi. It was Arditi who inscribed the volume to Giacomo Carissimi and signed the dedication.