bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Nerve Considerations for the Deep Plane Facelift and Neck Lift
Authors: Azizzadeh Babak , Lu Richard J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe surgical approach to facial rejuvenation has evolved significantly over the last century. As surgeons have deepened their understanding of facial anatomy over the last half century, so have their surgical approaches to the rhytidectomy, with increasingly extensive manipulation of the underlying soft tissue in the face. While these procedures have become more comprehensive and natural in their approach, the risk of temporary facial palsy also appears to be on the rise. In this text, we review the technique for deep plane facelifts and neck contouring with an emphasis on the facial nerve anatomy and methods to preserve the intricate facial nerve network during tissue dissection and modification. Careful execution of the surgical steps involved, including deep neck contouring, SMAS (superficial musculoaponeurotic system) suspension, and skin management, is essential to achieve the authentic aesthetic outcomes that patients desire while ensuring patient safety.
Imaging of Soft-Tissue Pseudotumors: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Chaudhary Priya , Satija Bhawna , Solanki RS , Lal Romesh , Agarwal Kiran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoft-tissue pseudotumors are a myriad group of clinically palpable masses that mimic soft-tissue tumors. These mimickers may be misinterpreted as malignant sarcomas despite appropriate clinical and radiological evaluation, resulting in unwarranted interventions and a diagnosis of a pseudotumors is achieved only after histopathological evaluation. A systematic approach is needed to achieve a definitive diagnosis or to limit the differential diagnosis by using imaging in conjunction with clinical history, physical examination, and anatomical location. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the imaging features of some of the most common soft-tissue pseudotumors. Recognition of these pseudotumors is of paramount importance as no further investigation or intervention may be required in majority of the cases.
Coming in from the Cold: Promoting Community and Self-Identity through Women-Only Wild Swimming Retreats in North Wales, UK
Authors: Corry Sheena , Richards Dr Vicky , Matthews Dr Nic 
Published: January 2024

Summary

This case study explores the experience of well-being, life transitions and self-discovery of women tourists participating in wild swimming retreats operated by a sustainability conscientious glamping business,
The Forge
in Corwen North Wales, UK. Their thoughts and feelings were sought as part of
The Forge’s
visitor evaluation activities. The women were all middle-aged and all going through a transition in their lives. Through consideration of their perspectives, the case study explores the potential value of glamping and wild swimming as a liminal space for older women. The pillars central to visitor experience – play, experiential and atmosphere – are reflected in the women’s recounting of their time immersing themselves in all the retreats offered. This case study focuses on the liminal hotspots of glamping and wild swimming, environments that allow freedom, temporarily, from norms and cynicisms, positing that it can provide a transformative moment in the lives of older women and by extension engender communitas and self-identity.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Adaptive chessboard-like high-frequency projection method for three-dimensional measurement of shiny surfaces
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Yu Tiancheng , Kang Lianpeng , Shen Huarong , He Zaixing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Shiny surface is challenging for the structured light fringe projection three-dimensional measurement technique, since the image saturation caused by highlight results in incorrect intensities in captured images of fringe patterns, and leads to serious phase errors and measurement errors. To address the issue, an adaptive chessboard-like high-frequency projection intensity adjustment technique is proposed. The proposed method alleviates image saturation by adaptively adjusting the intensity of the high-frequency chessboard-like projection pattern. And the complementary patterns are projected to suppress reflections and enhance the robustness of decoding. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieve high measurement accuracy for shiny surfaces.
UMC-PET: a fast and flexible Monte Carlo PET simulator
Authors: Galve Pablo , Arias-Valcayo Fernando , Villa-Abaunza Amaia , Ibáñez Paula , Udías José Manuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. The GPU-based Ultra-fast Monte Carlo positron emission tomography simulator (UMC-PET) incorporates the physics of the emission, transport and detection of radiation in PET scanners. It includes positron range, non-colinearity, scatter and attenuation, as well as detector response. The objective of this work is to present and validate UMC-PET as a a multi-purpose, accurate, fast and flexible PET simulator. Approach. We compared UMC-PET against PeneloPET, a well-validated MC PET simulator, both in preclinical and clinical scenarios. Different phantoms for scatter fraction (SF) assessment following NEMA protocols were simulated in a 6R-SuperArgus and a Biograph mMR scanner, comparing energy histograms, NEMA SF, and sensitivity for different energy windows. A comparison with real data reported in the literature on the Biograph scanner is also shown. Main results. NEMA SF and sensitivity estimated by UMC-PET where within few percent of PeneloPET predictions. The discrepancies can be attributed to small differences in the physics modeling. Running in a 11 GB GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPU, UMC-PET is ∼1500 to ∼2000 times faster than PeneloPET executing in a single core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU W-2155 @ 3.30 GHz. Significance. UMC-PET employs a voxelized scheme for the scanner, patient adjacent objects (such as shieldings or the patient bed), and the activity distribution. This makes UMC-PET extremely flexible. Its high simulation speed allows applications such as MC scatter correction, faster SRM estimation for complex scanners, or even MC iterative image reconstruction.
Transformer CycleGAN with uncertainty estimation for CBCT based synthetic CT in adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Rusanov Branimir , Hassan Ghulam Mubashar , Reynolds Mark , Sabet Mahsheed , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Bucknell Nicholas , Gill Suki , Dass Joshua , Ebert Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Clinical implementation of synthetic CT (sCT) from cone-beam CT (CBCT) for adaptive radiotherapy necessitates a high degree of anatomical integrity, Hounsfield unit (HU) accuracy, and image quality. To achieve these goals, a vision-transformer and anatomically sensitive loss functions are described. Better quantification of image quality is achieved using the alignment-invariant Fréchet inception distance (FID), and uncertainty estimation for sCT risk prediction is implemented in a scalable plug-and-play manner. Approach. Baseline U-Net, generative adversarial network (GAN), and CycleGAN models were trained to identify shortcomings in each approach. The proposed CycleGAN-Best model was empirically optimized based on a large ablation study and evaluated using classical image quality metrics, FID, gamma index, and a segmentation analysis. Two uncertainty estimation methods, Monte-Carlo Dropout (MCD) and test-time augmentation (TTA), were introduced to model epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. Main results. FID was correlated to blind observer image quality scores with a Correlation Coefficient of −0.83, validating the metric as an accurate quantifier of perceived image quality. The FID and mean absolute error (MAE) of CycleGAN-Best was 42.11 ± 5.99 and 25.00 ± 1.97 HU, compared to 63.42 ± 15.45 and 31.80 HU for CycleGAN-Baseline, and 144.32 ± 20.91 and 68.00 ± 5.06 HU for the CBCT, respectively. Gamma 1%/1 mm pass rates were 98.66 ± 0.54% for CycleGAN-Best, compared to 86.72 ± 2.55% for the CBCT. TTA and MCD-based uncertainty maps were well spatially correlated with poor synthesis outputs. Significance. Anatomical accuracy was achieved by suppressing CycleGAN-related artefacts. FID better discriminated image quality, where alignment-based metrics such as MAE erroneously suggest poorer outputs perform better. Uncertainty estimation for sCT was shown to correlate with poor outputs and has clinical relevancy toward model risk assessment and quality assurance. The proposed model and accompanying evaluation and risk assessment tools are necessary additions to achieve clinically robust sCT generation models.
Eleven competing phases in the Heisenberg-Gamma (
JΓ
) ladder
Authors: Avakian Sebastien J , Sørensen Erik S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The spin-orbit generated Γ interaction is known to induce strong frustration and to be significant in realistic models of materials. To gain an understanding of the possible phases that can arise from this interaction, it is of considerable interest to focus on a limited part of parameter space in a quasi one-dimensional model where high precision numerical results can be obtained. Here we study the Heisenberg–Gamma (

J
Γ

) ladder, determining the complete zero temperature phase diagram by analyzing the entanglement spectrum (ES) and energy susceptibility. A total of 11 different phases can be identified, among them the well known rung-singlet (RS) phase and 5 other phases, FM, FM-Z, FM-XY, AF and AF-Z, with conventional long-range magnetic order. The 3 ferromagnetic phases, FM, FM-Z and FM-XY simultaneously have non-zero scalar chirality. Two other phases, the antiferromagnetic Gamma (AΓ) and ferromagnetic Gamma (FΓ) phases, have previously been observed in the Kitaev–Gamma ladder, demonstrating that the AΓ-phase is a symmetry protected topological phase (SPT) protected by TR

×

R

b

symmetry, the product of time-reversal (TR) and π rotation around the b-axis (

R

b

), while the FΓ-phase is related to the RS phase through a local unitary transformation. The 3 remaining phases, ϒ, Ω and δ show no conventional order, a doubling of the ES and for the ϒ and Ω-phases a gap is clearly present. The δ-phase has a significantly smaller gap and displays incommensurate correlations, with a peak in the static structure factor, S(k) continuously shifting from

k

/

π
=
2

/

3

to

k
=
π

. In the Ω-phase we find pronounced edge-states consistent with a SPT phase protected by the same TR

×

R

b

symmetry as the AΓ-phase. The precise nature of the ϒ and δ-phases is less clear.
Detailed analysis of the 6Li breakup in the field of the 209Bi nucleus
Authors: Morzabayev A , Amangeldi N , Ibraheem Awad A , Soldatkhan D , Yergaliuly G , Mauyey B , Hamada Sh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
At energies between 24 and 50 MeV, the angular distributions of 6Li + 209Bi elastic scattering are reanalyzed phenomenologically as well as microscopically. The performed analysis adds to previous studies and aims to further explore the cluster nature of the 6Li nucleus by examining the associated breakup effects on the elastic scattering channel, in addition to probing the consistency of the different implemented potentials in reproducing the considered data. The strong coupling to the breakup channel has a strong influence on elastic data and reproduces a repulsive dynamical polarization potential (DPP), which dramatically reduces the real potential strengths. Such an observed effect was simulated by introducing a semi-microscopic repulsive DPP as well as by applying the continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) method. The analysis was extended to check the effect of direct deuteron stripping 209Bi(6Li,d)211Po on the elastic 6Li + 209Bi channel.
Phase diagram and physical properties of pyrocarbonate CaC2O5: first-principles calculations
Authors: Guo Yuan , Qi Jian-Hong , Liu Zi-Jiang , Jin Neng‑Zhi , Sun Xiao-Wei , Zhang Cai-Rong , Xue Si-Min , Li Yun-Xia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the physical properties of Ca-carbonate at high pressure is crucial for comprehending the carbon cycle in the Earth’s interior. Recently, a new pyrocarbonate, CaC2O5, has been discovered. In this work, we update the phase diagram of CaC2O5. The structure, elastic, and seismic properties of CaC2O5 polymorphs under lower mantle pressure are studied using first-principles calculations, and compared with those of orthocarbonate Ca2CO4. Our findings reveal that CaC2O5 may have four stable phases under lower mantle temperature and pressure conditions, namely the

I

4

̅

2
d
,

Fdd2, Pc, and C2 phases. The carbon may be stored in the new pyrocarbonate CaC2O5 polymorphs. The thermodynamic properties of CaC2O5-

I

4

̅

2
d

are obtained by quasi-harmonic approximation. This work contributes to our understanding of the behavior of Ca-carbonate in the Earth’s lower mantle conditions.
Generalized Gibbons-Werner method for stationary spacetimes
Authors: Huang Yang , Cao Zhoujian , Lu Zhenyan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Gibbons-Werner (GW) method is a powerful approach in studying the gravitational deflection of particles moving in curved spacetimes. The application of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT) to integral regions constructed in a two-dimensional manifold enables the deflection angle to be expressed and calculated from the perspective of geometry. However, different techniques are required for different scenarios in the practical implementation which leads to different GW methods. For the GW method for stationary axially symmetric (SAS) spacetimes, we identify two problems: (a) the integral region is generally infinite, which is ill-defined for some asymptotically nonflat spacetimes whose metric possesses singular behavior, and (b) the intricate double and single integrals bring about complicated calculation, especially for highly accurate results and complex spacetimes. To address these issues, a generalized GW method is proposed in which the infinite region is replaced by a flexible region to avoid the singularity, and a simplified formula involving only a single integral of a simple integrand is derived by discovering a significant relationship between the integrals in conventional methods. Our method provides a comprehensive framework for describing the GW method for various scenarios. Additionally, the generalized GW method and simplified calculation formula are applied to three different kinds of spacetimes — Kerr spacetime, Kerr-like black hole in bumblebee gravity, and rotating solution in conformal Weyl gravity. The first two cases have been previously computed by other researchers, affirming the effectiveness and superiority of our approach. Remarkably, the third case is newly examined, yielding a innovative result for the first time.
Supersymmetric U(1)
B-L
flat direction and NANOGrav 15 year data
Authors: Maji Rinku , Park Wan-il 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We show that, when connected with monopoles, the flat D-flat direction breaking the local U(1)
B-L
symmetry as an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model can be responsible for the signal of a stochastic gravitational wave background recently reported by NANOGrav collaborations, while naturally satisfying constraints at high frequency band.
Thanks to the flatness of the direction, a phase of thermal inflation arises naturally.
The reheating temperature is quite low, and suppresses signals at frequencies higher than the characteristic frequency set by the reheating temperature.
Notably, forthcoming spaced based experiments such as LISA can probe the cutoff frequency, providing an indirect clue of the scale of soft SUSY-breaking mass parameter.
Interaction of photons with silver and indium nuclei at energies up to 20 MeV*
Authors: Khushvaktov J. H. , Demichev M. A. , Demin D. L. , Evseev S. A. , Gostkin M. I. , Kobets V. V. , Rasulova F. A. , Rozov S. V. , Ruziev E. T. , Solnyshkin A. A. , Tran T. N. , Yakushev E. A. , Yuldashev B. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The yields of photonuclear reactions in the 107Ag, 113In, and 115In nuclei were measured. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Geant4 code, and the results were compared with the experimental values. The isomeric ratios of the yields in the reactions 107Ag(γ, n)106m,g
Ag and 113In(γ, n)112m,g
In were determined, and the cross sections for the reactions 107Ag(γ, n)106g
Ag and 107Ag(γ, 2n)105Ag at an energy of 20 MeV were calculated based on the experimental data.
GRB 200612A: An Ultralong Gamma-Ray Burst Powered by Magnetar Spinning Down
Authors: Chen 陈 Liang-Jun 良军 , Wang 王 Xiang-Gao 祥高 , Yang 杨 De-Long 德龙 , Liang 梁 En-Wei 恩维 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
GRB 200612A could be classified as an ultralong gamma-ray burst due to its prompt emission lasting up to ∼1020 s and the true timescale of the central engine activity t
burst ≥ 4 × 104 s. The late X-ray light curve with a decay index of α = 7.53 is steeper than the steepest possible decay from an external shock model. We propose that this X-ray afterglow can be driven by dipolar radiation from the magnetar spindown during its early stage, while the magnetar collapsed into the black hole before its spindown, resulting in a very steep decay of the late X-ray light curve. The optical data show that the light curve is still rising after 1.1 ks, suggesting a late onset. We show that GRB 200612A’s optical afterglow light curve is fitted with the forward shock model by Gaussian structured off-axis jet. This is a special case among GRBs, as it may be an ultralong gamma-ray burst powered by a magnetar in an off-axis observation scenario.
3D radiated power analysis of JET SPI discharges using the Emis3D forward modeling tool
Authors: Stein-Lubrano B. , Sweeney R. , Bonfiglio D. , Lovell J. , Carvalho P. , Baylor L. , Granetz R.S. , Jachmich S. , Joffrin E. , Kong M. , Lehnen M. , Maggi C. , Marmar E. , Nardon E. , Puglia P. , Sheikh U. , Shiraki D. , Silburn S. ,   JET Contributors
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Precise values for radiated energy in tokamak disruption experiments are needed to validate disruption mitigation techniques for burning plasma tokamaks like ITER and SPARC. Control room analysis of radiated power (P
rad) on JET assumes axisymmetry, since fitting 3D radiation structures with limited bolometry coverage is an under-determined problem. In mitigated disruptions, radiation is toroidally asymmetric and 3D, due to fast-growing 3D MHD modes and localized impurity sources. To address this problem, Emis3D adopts a physics motivated forward modeling (‘guess and check’) approach, comparing experimental bolometry data to synthetic data from user-defined radiation structures. Synthetic structures are observed with the Cherab modeling framework and a best fit chosen using a reduced χ
2 statistic. 2D tomographic inversion models are tested, as well as helical flux tubes and 3D MHD simulated structures from JOREK. Two nominally identical pure neon shattered pellet injection (SPI) mitigated discharges in JET are analyzed. 2D tomographic inversions with added toroidal freedom are the best fits in the thermal quench (TQ) and current quench (CQ). In the pre-TQ, 2D reconstructions are statistically the best fits, but are likely over-optimized and do not capture the 3D radiation structure seen in fast camera images. The next-best pre-TQ fits are helical structures that extend towards the high-field side, consistent with an impurity flow under the magnetic nozzle effect also observed in JOREK simulations. Whole-disruption radiated fractions of

0.98
+
0.03

/

−
0.29

and

1.01
+
0.02

/

−
0.17

are found, suggesting that the stored energy may have been fully mitigated by each SPI, although mitigation efficiencies well below ITER and SPARC requirements for high energy pulses are still within the large uncertainties. Emis3D is also used to validate JOREK SPI simulations, and confirms improvements in matching experiment from changes to impurity modeling. Time-dependent toroidal peaking factors are calculated and discussed.
Impact of gas injection location and divertor surface material on ITER fusion power operation phase divertor performance assessed with SOLPS-ITER
*
Authors: Park Jae-Sun , Bonnin Xavier , Pitts Richard , Lore Jeremy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The ITER divertor design and performance assessment, primarily based on the SOLPS-4.3 burning plasma database (Pitts R. et al 2019 Nucl. Mater. Energy 20 100696), assumes the use of beryllium (Be) as the divertor surface material and the injection of gas from the main chamber top. However, the current ITER baseline favors gas injection from the more toroidally symmetric sub-divertor region. This paper evaluates the implications of these assumptions for divertor performance in the ITER fusion power operation phase. The impact of the divertor surface material and the gas injection location on the main ions mirrors the hydrogen only low power phase scenario shown in Park J.-S.et al (2020 Nucl. Fusion 61 016021). However, during burning plasma operation, extrinsic impurity seeding will be required. In the case of neon (Ne), studied here, impurity retention is influenced by both the divertor surface material and the fueling location. Neon leakage increases due to more energetic reflection from tungsten than beryllium, but equivalent divertor performance can be achieved by adjusting the neon seeding rate. While the impurity seeding location does not affect the distributions of impurity or radiation, the fueling location does. Top fueling provides local ionization sources mainly in the mid-SOL under detached conditions, enhancing divergences of the flux there (source-driven flow), bringing stagnation points close to the fueling location, and equilibrating flows towards both targets. In contrast, the global flow pattern (in the absence of fluid drifts) in the case of sub-divertor fueling is biased towards the inner target. Impurity flows, driven by force balance, largely mirror those of the main ion flow, including the stagnation point. The case with top fueling enhances Ne retention and corresponding radiation in the outer divertor, effectively reducing the total and peak target heat fluxes by 20%–40%, compared to the case with divertor fueling. Meanwhile, the case with outer target fueling also achieves similar reductions by enhancing plasma-neutral interactions. These results suggest the possibility that the selection of the fueling location and throughput can be used as an actuator to control impurity divertor retention and divertor radiation asymmetry.
Study on yield limit of steel containment under external pressure considering initial defects
Authors: Zhang Chenming , Li Huapeng , Ying Yuchen , Zhang Meng , Liu Hongbing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The main objective of floating nuclear power plants (FNPP) is an emerging technology product formed by applying land small-scale nuclear power plant technology to the marine field. The containment structure studied in this article plays a great role in protecting the safety of FNPP’s nuclear power system. When exploring the safety performance of the containment structure under accident conditions, it is necessary to analyze and study the external pressure yield limit of the containment. This study provides a reference basis for the static buckling limit calculation of spherical shell structures similar to steel safety shells. The article adopts a geometric initial defect analysis method based on buckling mode to consider the initial defects of the model and explores the external pressure yield limit of the safety shell through the arc length method. The research results analyzed that the external pressure yield limit of the containment vessel decreased by about 30% under the influence of initial defects and pointed out the weak structural parts of the containment vessel in the buckling analysis.