bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What judges and lawyers think about the testimony of mental health experts: a survey of the courts and bar
Authors: Redding Richard E. , Floyd Marnita Y. , Hawk Gary L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe testimony of mental health experts is often important evidence considered by criminal courts in determining issues arising throughout the adjudicative process, but not all evidence provided by experts is equally valid or probative. Using a hypothetical insanity defense case, we compared the preferences of Virginia judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys for different types of forensic mental health evidence, including descriptive and diagnostic testimony, testimony about relevant research and actuarial data, and ultimate issue testimony. In addition, we determined their preferences for different types of mental health professionals. Four key findings emerged. First, many participants preferred that psychiatrists, rather than psychologists or other mental health professionals, conduct forensic evaluations for the court. Second, while participants were interested in most types of mental health evidence, they were primarily interested in clinical diagnosis, followed by an analysis of whether the condition met the relevant legal threshold, and an ultimate opinion on the legal issue. Third, participants were less interested in research or actuarial evidence. Fourth, participants differed in their evidentiary preferences in ways that reflect their respective roles in the adversary system. The findings suggest that while courts and attorneys find traditional clinical testimony useful in criminal cases, they also favor ultimate issue testimony, and view research data or statistically based information as less helpful. Mental health professionals should consider how to educate the courts and bar about the dangers inherent in over‐reliance on the conclusory legal testimony of mental health experts, the utility of scientific data as such information becomes more routinely introduced as evidence at trial, and the expertise available from various mental health professionals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Death row inmate characteristics, adjustment, and confinement: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Cunningham Mark D. , Vigen Mark P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article reviews and summarizes research on death row inmates. The contributions and weaknesses of death row demographic data, clinical studies, and research based on institutional records are critiqued. Our analysis shows that death row inmates are overwhelmingly male and disproportionately Southern. Racial representation remains controversial. Frequently death row inmates are intellectually limited and academically deficient. Histories of significant neurological insult are common, as are developmental histories of trauma, family disruption, and substance abuse. Rates of psychological disorder among death row inmates are high, with conditions of confinement appearing to precipitate or aggravate these disorders. Contrary to expectation, the extant research indicates that the majority of death row inmates do not exhibit violence in prison even in more open institutional settings. These findings have implications for forensic mental health sentencing evaluations, competent attorney representation, provision of mental health services, racial disparity in death sentences, death row security and confinement policies, and moral culpability considerations. Future research directions on death row populations are suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serratus posterior muscles: Anatomy, clinical relevance, and function
Authors: Vilensky Joel A. , Baltes Marsha , Weikel Laura , Fortin Joseph D. , Fourie Louis J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles are generally considered clinically insignificant muscles that, based on attachments, probably function in respiration. Interestingly, however, there is no evidence supporting a respiratory role for these muscles. In fact, some electromyographic data refute a respiratory function for these muscles. We suggest that the serratus posterior muscles function primarily in proprioception. Further, these muscles, especially the superior, have been implicated in myofascial pain syndromes and therefore may have greater clinical relevance than commonly attributed to them. Clin. Anat. 14:237–241, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a web‐based integrated manufacturing laboratory
Authors: Huang Samuel H. , Su Qi , Samant Nilesh , Khan Irfan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe internet is dramatically changing the ways we learn and teach, as well as the way we interact as a society. The “same time, same place, only some people” traditional instructional method is giving way to “anytime, anyplace, anybody” educational models. This paper deals with the development of a Web‐based integrated manufacturing laboratory (WIML), which represents a virtual mini‐manufacturing corporation, whose aim is to support core manufacturing curriculum and to provide students with hands‐on experience on various manufacturing functions and effective use of manufacturing software tools. Key components of the WIML include a manufacturing tutor, a data repository, message boards, customization pages, and links to the world‐wide web. The WIML not only can stimulate students' interest in related manufacturing courses but also allow them to strengthen their computer skills and develop ability to work as a team. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 228–237, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10006
Novel technique for stent delivery in tortuous coronary arteries: Report of three cases
Authors: Fernandes Valerian , Kałuża Grzegorz L. , Godlewski Boguslaw , Li George , Raizner Albert E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a novel technique for stent delivery across tortuous lesions. Gentle forward pressure was applied on the stent balloon while the balloon was inflated to 2–3 atm. This resulted in the balloon and stent crossing the impeding segment and settling in the target site where it was deployed with excellent angiographic outcome. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:485–490. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous transluminal therapeutic ultrasound for high‐risk thrombus‐containing lesions in native coronary arteries
Authors: Brosh David , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Cribier Alain , Mesa Juan , Calderon Luis , Martyn Thomas , Amann Franz , Sampaolesi Alberto , Desmet Walter , Fajadet Jean , Rosenschein Uri 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe assessed the short‐term outcome of percutaneous coronary ultrasound thrombolysis (CUT) for high‐risk thrombus‐containing lesions in native coronaries in the setting of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Data were prospectively collected in a multicenter (n = 32) registry of consecutive ACS patients. The study population (n = 126) had mostly (84%) totally occluded vessels. The mean age of clot was 5.7 ± 9.5 days (range, 0–60 days). CUT (41 kHz, 18 W) led to device success in 112 (89%) patients, with a residual stenosis of 69% ± 20%. Adjunct PTCA or stenting was used in 97% of the patients. Procedural success was achieved in 124 (98%) patients, with a final residual stenosis of 6% ± 10%. There were no major adverse clinical events during hospitalization. Ultrasound thrombolysis is a feasible procedure that offers a safe and probably effective adjuvant device solution for the treatment of high‐risk, thrombus‐containing lesions in the native coronary arteries. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:43–49. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supramolecular assemblies of carotenoids
Authors: Zsila Ferenc , Deli József , Bikádi Zsolt , Simonyi Miklós 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCarotenoid self‐assemblies were formed by aqueous dilution of ethanolic solutions. The four 3′,6′‐epimers of capsanthol ((all‐E,3R,5′R)‐3,3′,6′‐trihydroxy‐β,κ‐carotene) give rise to right‐ and left‐handed card‐pack and head‐to‐tail types of self‐assemblies detected by exciton couplets appearing in the CD spectra. Slow kinetics of formation followed for some of the aggregates indicate the complexity of the process. The exciton signals do not appear from equimolar mixtures of related compounds that produce identical type of aggregates of opposite sense on their own. Transformation of self‐assembly may reflect the population of κ‐ring rotamers. Chirality 13:739–744, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of S‐mosher acid as a chiral solvating agent for enantiomeric analysis of some trans‐4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐substituted‐1‐methylpiperidines by means of NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Navrátilová Hana 
Published: August 2002

AbstractS‐Mosher acid 1 induced chemical‐shift differences (Δδ) in NMR spectra of chiral trans‐4‐fluorophenyl‐3‐substituted‐1‐methylpiperidines. The magnitude of Δδ in 1H and 19F NMR spectra varied with the substituent at position 3 of the piperidine ring. The magnitudes of Δδ observed for certain protons and for the fluorine in the 4‐fluorophenyl group were sufficiently large to allow determination of enantiomeric composition. Chirality 13:731–735, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of elongation factor 1α from Zea mays (ZmEF‐1α) with F‐actin and interplay with the maize actin severing protein, ZmADF3
Authors: Gungabissoon Ravine A. , Khan Safina , Hussey Patrick J. , Maciver Sutherland K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEF‐1α is an abundant eukaryotic protein whose principle function appears to be to bind aminoacyl‐tRNA to the ribosome. However, it is also known that EF‐1α from other sources binds both microtubules and microfilaments. We report the expression of Zea mays EF‐1α (ZmEF‐1α) in bacteria and that this protein has similar actin‐binding properties as other EF‐1α members. ZmEF‐1α bundles actin filaments at low pH (6.5) and inhibits the addition of monomer at both filament ends, possibly as a consequence. ZmEF‐1α binds actin filaments at all pH values tested (pH 6.0–8.0), indicating that one actin binding site is not pH sensitive. One of the actin‐binding sites was determined to reside within domain I (1–223) of ZmEF‐1α, but this domain did not affect the kinetics of polymerisation. We show that the bundling activity of ZmEF‐1α is modulated by ZmADF3 a (a Zea mays ADF/cofilin), an actin filament severing protein, in vitro. Bundling of actin filaments caused by ZmEF‐1α was enhanced in the presence of ZmADF3. The pH‐dependent activities of both proteins in vitro suggests that they may work together to respond to temporal and spatial intracellular pH changes to regulate the pattern of the growth of plant cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:104–111, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Male breast carcinoma in Israel
Authors: Brenner Baruch , Fried Georgeta , Levitzki Pavel , Rakowsky Erica , Lurie Hedwig , Idelevich Efraim , Neuman Avivit , Kaufman Bella , Sulkes Jaqueline , Sulkes Aaron 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle information is available regarding male breast carcinoma. However, cumulative data have suggested a propensity for the disease among Ashkenazi Jews. Because Ashkenazi Jews comprise one of the major ethnic groups in Israel, the authors conducted a local study to shed more light on the features of this rare disease.METHODSFrom 1960 to 2000, 131 men with breast carcinoma were treated at the Rabin Medical Center or the Rambam Medical Center, and, from 1980 to 1997, 470 patients with this diagnosis were recorded in the Israel Cancer Registry. These two data bases were used to analyze the epidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics of male breast carcinoma in Israel.RESULTSSeventy‐eight percent of the 131 Jewish patients were Ashkenazi. Most of their clinical characteristics were similar to those of their Sephardic counterparts. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the pattern of comorbidity between these groups (P= 0.000), and there was a trend toward a younger age at onset and more advanced tumor stage at the time of diagnosis for the Sephardim. It also was found that Sephardic origin was associated with poorer outcome (P= 0.03). Analysis of the Cancer Registry data base revealed an 80% increase in the risk of the disease for Ashkenazi Jews compared with Sephardic Jews (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–2.3;P= 0.001). Survival analysis from this source suggested a poorer outcome for Sephardic Jews compared with Ashkenazi Jews (62% vs. 64.3% estimated 5‐year survival rates, respectively;P= 0.08).CONCLUSIONSAnalyses of two independent data bases, patient charts, and a cancer registry indicate that breast carcinoma seems to be more prevalent among Ashkenazi Jewish men. At the same time, affected Ashkenazi patients may have a more favorable outcome than their Sephardic counterparts. Cancer 2002;94:2128–33. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10449
Ethnicity related differences in the survival of young breast carcinoma patients
Authors: Newman Lisa A. , Bunner Scott , Carolin Kathryn , Bouwman David , Kosir Mary Ann , White Michael , Schwartz Ann 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfrican‐American women face an increased risk of early‐onset breast carcinoma compared to white American women, and breast carcinoma has been reported to be particularly aggressive in premenopausal women.METHODSSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data were analyzed for 507 African‐American and 1378 white patients from Detroit diagnosed with breast carcinoma under the age of 40 between 1990 and 1999.RESULTSThe proportion of in situ disease detected in African‐American patients between 1995 and 1999 nearly doubled compared to the 1990‐1994 interval (11.3% compared to 6.4%) but was consistently lower than the proportion of in situ disease seen in white patients for the same intervals (15.7% and 16.4% respectively). Evaluation of patients with invasive disease revealed that African‐American patients had larger mean tumor size (3.4 cm versus 2.6 cm;P< 0.001), lower rates of localized disease (42.4% versus 52.1%;P< 0.001), higher rates of estrogen receptor negativity (61.9% versus 44.4%;P< 0.001), and higher proportions of medullary tumors (5.8% versus 3.3%;P= 0.021). Cox proportional hazards survival analysis adjusted for age, tumor size, nodal status, hormone receptor status, and histology showed higher mortality rates for African‐American patients at all disease stages. Relative risk of death for African‐American patients was 1.94 in patients with localized disease (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–3.05), 1.58 for regional disease (95% CI = 1.18–2.11), and 2.32 for distant disease (95% CI = 1.15–4.69).CONCLUSIONSThese findings show that young African‐American breast carcinoma patients face an increased mortality risk. Additional studies evaluating risk and treatment response in this subset of patients are warranted. Cancer 2002;95:21–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10639
Fas/Fas ligand system and apoptosis induction in testicular carcinoma
Authors: Schmelz Hans U. , Abend Michael , Kraft Klaus , Hauck Ekkehard W. , Weidner Wolfgang , van Beuningen Dirk , Sparwasser Christoph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTumor‐infiltrating, Fas ligand (FasL)‐expressing lymphocytes are able to eliminate Fas‐bearing tumor cells by apoptosis induction. Activated cytotoxic T‐cells that express Fas may enter apoptosis in the presence of FasL tumor cells. To date, no studies of patients with testicular carcinoma have correlated the differential expression of Fas and FasL in both cell types with the corresponding apoptotic index (AI).METHODSFas and FasL were investigated immunohistochemically in paraffin embedded tissue sections from 25 patients with nonseminomatous testicular tumors. The percentages of positive cells and the ratios of Fas cells to FasL cells were correlated with the AI of tumor cells and lymphocytes, respectively, using Spearman correlations.RESULTSNo association was found between the rate of FasL positive cells and AI of the other cell type or between the rate of Fas positive cells and the AI of the same cell type. Ratios between Fas positive cells and FasL positive cells were not correlated with the AI; however, a significant positive correlation was found between the AI of tumor cells and the AI of lymphocytes.CONCLUSIONSIt seems unlikely that the Fas/FasL system is responsible for immune escape of the tumor in testicular carcinoma. Rather, the significant positive correlation between the AIs of tumor cells and lymphocytes implicate a previously unknown mechanism of apoptosis induction in both cell types. Cancer 2002;95:73–81. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10649
Immunohistochemical localization of candidates for vesicular glutamate transporters in the rat brain
Authors: Kaneko Takeshi , Fujiyama Fumino , Hioki Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) is one of the best markers for glutamatergic neurons, because it accumulates transmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles. Differentiation‐associated Na+‐dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter (DNPI) shows 82% amino acid identity to VGluT1, and is another candidate for vesicular glutamate transporters. Here, we report the immunocytochemical localization of DNPI and compare it with that of VGluT1 in the adult rat brain. Both DNPI and VGluT1 immunoreactivities were found mostly in neuropil, presumably in axon terminals, throughout the brain. In the telencephalic regions, intense DNPI immunoreactivity was observed in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, layer IV of the neocortex, granular layer of the dentate gyrus, presubiculum, and postsubiculum. In contrast, VGluT1 immunoreactivity was intense in the olfactory tubercle, layers I‐III of the neocortex, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and subiculum. In the thalamic nuclei, DNPI‐immunoreactive terminal‐like profiles were much larger than VGluT1‐immunoreactive ones, suggesting that DNPI immunoreactivity was subcortical in origin. DNPI immunoreactivity was much more intense than VGluT1 immunoreactivity in many brainstem and spinal cord regions, except the pontine nuclei, interpeduncular nucleus, cochlear nuclei, and external cuneate nucleus. In the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, climbing‐like fibers showed intense DNPI immunoreactivity, whereas neuropil contained dense VGluT1‐immnoreactive deposits. Both DNPI and VGluT1 immunoreactivities were observed as mossy fiber terminal‐like profiles in the cerebellar granular layer. DNPI and VGluT1 immunoreactivities appeared associated with synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals forming asymmetric synapses in several regions examined electron microscopically. The present results indicate that DNPI and VGluT1 are used by different neural components in most, if not all, brain regions, suggesting the complementary functions of DNPI and VGluT1. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:39–62, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal and prefrontal cortical inputs monosynaptically converge with individual projection neurons of the nucleus accumbens
Authors: French Sarah J. , Totterdell Susan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAfferents to the nucleus accumbens from different sources innervate specific areas of the central “core” and peripheral “shell” and are related to each other, at the light microscopical level, in an intricate overlapping and nonoverlapping way. This lack of homogeneity suggests that this region consists of circuits involving emsembles of neurons modulated by specific sets of convergent afferent inputs and abnormal regulation of such ensembles has been implicated in mental disorders. Early extracellular studies suggested that individual Acb neurons might respond to activation of afferents from more than one excitatory input: More recent studies of hippocampal and amygdalar or prefrontal cortical afferents suggest that hippocampal afferentsgatethe input from the prefrontal cortex or amygdala. Electrophysiological evidence for convergence of excitatory afferents in the Acb is strong and suggests that these pathways are monosynaptic. Nevertheless, this convergence has proved difficult to demonstrate anatomically as a result of the spatial distribution of the afferent inputs on the dendritic tree of the target neurons. To establish whether individual accumbens neurons receive monosynaptic input from pairs of afferents, one projection was labelled anterogradely withPhaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin and the second with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) with Vector slate grey and 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride as the chromagens. Accumbens neurons possibly postsynaptic to these afferents, labelled by an in vivo focal injection of BDA, were examined using correlated light and electron microscopy to establish the proximal–distal distribution of labelled afferent synaptic inputs on their dendritic arbours. Individual cells were shown to receive monosynaptic afferent input from both ventral subiculum and prefrontal cortex, providing an anatomical framework for the hippocampal gating of other limbic inputs to the accumbens. J. Comp. Neurol. 446:151–165, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bladder contractility‐related neurons in barrington's nucleus: Axonal projections to the spinal cord in the cat
Authors: Sasaki Mitsuyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBarrington's nucleus projects directly to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether neurons in Barrington's nucleus that increase their firing during bladder contractions project to the spinal cord and, if so, to which level(s) the axon reaches. Single units were recorded in Barrington's nucleus of cat with glass microelectrodes, and the termination level of descending axons was determined by antidromic stimulation of the spinal cord. Thirty‐nine neurons projecting to the spinal cord were located in rostral parts of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum, medial and ventral to the mesencephalic trigeminal tract. This finding is consistent with previous neuronal tracing studies. All neurons increased their firing rates during contraction associated with micturition. In 19 examined neurons, the most caudal level of the descending axon distributed between the L7 and the S3 level. Stimulation of the axon at this most caudal level resulted in antidromic spike latencies ranging between 19.5 msec and 45.0 msec. These antidromic latencies were much smaller than previously reported orthodromic conduction times between neurons in Barrington's nucleus and sacral preganglionic neurons innervating the bladder. The mean conduction velocity of the descending axon from the cell body to the border between Th13 and the L1 ranged between 7.2 m/sec and 27.7 m/sec. The decrease of the mean conduction velocity was observed at the lumbar as well as at the sacral segments, suggesting that axons issue collaterals to the lumbar level as well as to the sacral level. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:355–363, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.