bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The futile creatine cycle and the synthesis of fatty acids in inguinal white adipose tissue from growing rats, submitted to a hypoprotein‐hyperglycidic diet for 15 days
Authors: Allebrandt Neto Edgar Willibaldo , Rondon e Silva Jadyellen , Santos Stephanie Figueiredo , de França Lemes Suélem Aparecida , Kawashita Nair Honda , Peron Pereira Mayara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe low‐protein, high‐carbohydrate (LPHC) diet administered to growing rats soon after weaning, for 15 days, promoted an increase in energy expenditure by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in interscapular brown adipose tissue, and also due to the occurrence of the browning process in the perirenal white adipose tissue (periWAT). However, we believe that inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT) may also contribute to energy expenditure through other mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the presence of the futile creatine cycle, and the origin of lipids in ingWAT, since that tissue showed an increase in the lipids content in rats submitted to the LPHC diet for 15 days. We observed increases in creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activity in ingWAT, of the LPHC animals. The mitochondrial Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized ratio is lower in ingWAT of LPHC animals. In the LPHC animals treated with β‐guanidinopropionic acid, the extracellular uptake of creatine in ingWAT was lower, as was the rectal temperature. Regarding lipid metabolism, we observed that in ingWAT, lipolysis in vitro when stimulated with noradrenaline is lower, and there were no changes in baseline levels. In addition, increases in the activity of enzymes were also observed: malic, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and ATP‐citrate lyase, in addition to an increase in the PPARγ content. The results show the occurrence of the futile creatine cycle in ingWAT, and that the increase in the relative mass may be due to an increase in de novo fatty acid synthesis.
Development of BDNF/NGF/IKVAV Peptide Modified and Gold Nanoparticle Conductive PCL/PLGA Nerve Guidance Conduit for Regeneration of the Rat Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ozcicek Ilyas , Aysit Nese , Balcikanli Zeynep , Ayturk Nilufer Ulas , Aydeger Asel , Baydas Gulsena , Aydin Mehmet Serif , Altintas Esra , Erim Umit Can 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injuries are very common worldwide, leading to permanent nerve function loss with devastating effects in the affected patients. The challenges and inadequate results in the current clinical treatments are leading scientists to innovative neural regenerative research. Advances in nanoscience and neural tissue engineering have opened new avenues for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. In order for designed nerve guidance conduit (NGC) to be functionally useful, it must have ideal scaffold properties and topographic features that promote the linear orientation of damaged axons. In this study, it is aimed to develop channeled polycaprolactone (PCL)/Poly‐D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) hybrid film scaffolds, modify their surfaces by IKVAV pentapeptide/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or polypyrrole (PPy) and investigate the behavior of motor neurons on the designed scaffold surfaces in vitro under static/bioreactor conditions. Their potential to promote neural regeneration after implantation into the rat SCI by shaping the film scaffolds modified with neural factors into a tubular form is also examined. It is shown that channeled groups decorated with AuNPs highly promote neurite orientation under bioreactor conditions and also the developed optimal NGC (PCL/PLGA G1‐IKVAV/BDNF/NGF‐AuNP50) highly regenerates SCI. The results indicate that the designed scaffold can be an ideal candidate for spinal cord regeneration.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization‐Derived Poly(dicyclopentadiene)/Fiber Composites Using Latent Pre‐Catalysts
Authors: Kordes Benjamin R. , Mourgas Georgios , Steinmann Mark , Schneck Tanja , Elser Iris , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe preparation of basalt and S‐glass fiber‐reinforced poly(dicyclopentadiene) via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization using a thermally latent pre‐catalyst, that is, Mo(N‐3,5‐Me2‐C6H3)(= CH‐(2‐MeO‐C6H4))(IMes)(OTf)2 (1, IMes = 1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene; OTf = SO3CF3) is reported. Complementarily, the non‐latent first‐generation Grubbs initiator RuCl2(PPh3)2(CHPh) (2) is used. 2 can be rendered latent by the addition of ppm amounts of triphenylphosphine (PPh3). Both 1 and 2/PPh3 allow the realization of thermally latent single‐component systems with sufficient pot life that do not require pre‐mixing of the individual components shortly before use. The prepared fiber matrix composites are characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability.
The FOXO1/G6PC axis promotes gastric cancer progression and mediates 5‐fluorouracil resistance by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Han Anna , Liu Taorui , Du Pan , Wang Mengying , Liu Jiajing , Chen Liyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive system. Distant metastasis and chemotherapy resistance are the crucial obstacles to prognosis in GC. Recent research has discovered that the glucose‐6‐phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) plays an important role in tumor malignant development. However, little evidence has highlighted its role in GC. Herein, through a comprehensive analysis including profiling of tissue samples and functional validation in vivo and in vitro, we identify G6PC as a crucial factor in GC tumorigenesis. Importantly, we found that the FOXO1/G6PC axis could accelerate GC cell proliferation, metastasis, and 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistance by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, implicating that as a prospective therapeutic approach in GC.
Solid‐phase peptide synthesis in 384‐well plates
Authors: Schüttel Mischa , Will Edward , Sangouard Gontran , Zarda Anne , Habeshian Sevan , Nielsen Alexander L. , Heinis Christian 
Published: January 2024

Newer solid‐phase peptide synthesis and release strategies enable the production of short peptides with high purity, allowing direct screening for desired bioactivity without prior chromatographic purification. However, the maximum number of peptides that can currently be synthesized per microplate reactor is 96, allowing the parallel synthesis of 384 peptides in modern devices that have space for 4 microplate reactors. To synthesize larger numbers of peptides, we modified a commercially available peptide synthesizer to enable the production of peptides in 384‐well plates, which allows the synthesis of 1,536 peptides in one run (4 × 384 peptides). We report new hardware components and customized software that allowed for the synthesis of 1,536 short peptides in good quantity (average > 0.5 μmol), at high concentration (average > 10 mM), and decent purity without purification (average > 80%). The high‐throughput peptide synthesis, which we developed with peptide drug development in mind, may be widely used for peptide library synthesis and screening, antibody epitope scanning, epitope mimetic development, or protease/kinase substrate screening.
Lifestyle choices among women with breast cancer in the United States
Authors: Michel Chloé , Sovinsky Michelle , Stern Steven 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer is a common form of cancer for women. The goal of this research was to estimate how a breast cancer diagnosis affects a woman's decisions about smoking, alcohol use, and exercise.MethodsUsing data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics on breast cancer diagnosis and lifestyle choices, we estimated how being diagnosed influences smoking, drinking, and exercising habits for more than 8000 women over the period 1999–2011.ResultsControlling for unobserved heterogeneity, persistence in behaviors, and correlation across behaviors, we found that the impact of a diagnosis had a different effect on smoking, drinking, and exercising behaviors. Furthermore, the impact depended upon the recency of the diagnosis. Recently diagnosed women exercised and smoked less—an average woman in our sample reduced exercise by 19% and smoking by 1%. However, women with breast cancer did not change their drinking habits relative to healthy women.ConclusionsA diagnosis of breast cancer impacts lifestyle choices. Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer in the last 5 years exercised and smoked less but did not change their alcohol consumption after a breast cancer diagnosis regardless of when the diagnosis was made. Our approach provides insight into what extent women who are faced with negative information about life expectancy take this into consideration when deciding to engage in risky behaviors that might further affect their survival. Whether to engage in physical activity, drink alcohol, or smoke are choices associated with how to live.
Toward Ultrahigh‐Rate Energy Storage of 3000 mV s−1 in Hollow Carbon: From Methodology to Surface‐to‐Bulk Synergy Insights
Authors: Sun Mingming , Guo Wei , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite great efforts on economical and functionalized carbon materials, their scalable applications are still restricted by the unsatisfying energy storage capability under high‐rate conditions. Herein, theoretical and methodological insights for surface‐to‐bulk engineering of multi‐heteroatom‐doped hollow porous carbon (HDPC), with subtly designed Zn(OH)F nanoarrays as the template are presented. This fine‐tuned HDPC delivers an ultrahigh‐rate energy storage capability even at a scan rate of 3000 mV s−1 (fully charged within 0.34 s). It preserves a superior capacitance of 234 F g−1 at a super‐large current density of 100 A g−1 and showcases an ultralong cycling life without capacitance decay after 50 000 cycles. Through dynamic and theoretical analysis, the key role of in situ surface‐modified heteroatoms and defects in decreasing the K+‐adsorption/diffusion energy barrier is clarified, which cooperates with the porous conductive highways toward enhanced surface‐to‐bulk activity and kinetics. In situ Raman aids in visualizing the reversibly dynamic adsorption/releasing of the electrolyte ions on the tailored carbon structure during the charge/discharge process. The potential of the design concept is further evidenced by the enhanced performances in water‐in‐salt electrolytes. This surface‐to‐bulk nanotechnology opens the path for developing high‐performance energy materials to better meet the practical requirements in the future.
Multi-objective optimization of FSW variables on joint properties of AA5754 aluminum alloy using Taguchi approach and grey relational analysis
Authors: Abdelhady Saleh S. , Elbadawi Rehab E. , Zoalfakar Said H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFriction stir welding (FSW) processing of the joint is a technique to improve the quality of the weld. The present research employed the friction stir welding technique to butt-weld AA5754 plates, whereby the joints of every weld case were identified based on their tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness. The plates were joined by varying the rotational speeds, welding speeds, and tool tilt angles. A multi-objective optimization Taguchi’s design of experiments approach and grey relational analysis (GRA) were used in this study to assess the combined effects of the process variables. The developed models are evaluated for sufficiency, and then the most significant parameters are determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the ANOVA showed that the rotational speed has a maximum contribution of 55.24%, 59%, and 46.27% in obtaining the optimal values of tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness, respectively. It was found that formability and mechanical behaviors increased with increasing tilt angle for the tilt angle range examined in the current study. The two methods provide the same results, and the optimal conditions are a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a welding speed of 60 mm/min, and a tilt angle of 2.5°. The optimal values for tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness, respectively, were found to be 136 MPa, 85.25 HV, and 13 J. Significant implications for the welding industry may arise from the highly favorable outcomes in terms of microstructure and mechanical attributes.
Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their pathogen hosts in duck farm environments in south-east coastal China
Authors: Liu Kaidi , Wang Minge , Zhang Yin , Fang Chang , Zhang Rongmin , Fang Liangxing , Sun Jian , Liu Yahong , Liao Xiaoping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Livestock farms are major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that are discharged into the environment. However, the abundance, diversity, and transmission of ARGs in duck farms and its impact on surrounding environments remain to be further explored. Therefore, the characteristics of ARGs and their bacterial hosts from duck farms and surrounding environment were investigated by using metagenomic sequencing. Eighteen ARG types which consist of 823 subtypes were identified and the majority conferred resistance to multidrug, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicols, MLS, and sulfonamides. The floR gene was the most abundant subtype, followed by sul1, tetM, sul2, and tetL. ARG abundance in fecal sample was significantly higher than soil and water sample. Our results also lead to a hypothesis that Shandong province have been the most contaminated by ARGs from duck farm compared with other four provinces. PcoA results showed that the composition of ARG subtypes in water and soil samples was similar, but there were significant differences between water and feces samples. However, the composition of ARG subtypes were similar between samples from five provinces. Bacterial hosts of ARG subtypes were taxonomically assigned to eight phyla that were dominated by the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. In addition, some human bacterial pathogens could be enriched in duck feces, including Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, and even serve as the carrier of ARGs. The combined results indicate that a comprehensive overview of the diversity and abundance of ARGs, and strong association between ARGs and bacterial community shift proposed, and benefit effective measures to improve safety of antibiotics use in livestock and poultry farming.

Key points
• ARG distribution was widespread in the duck farms and surroundings environment
• ARG abundance on the duck farms was significantly higher than in soil and water
• Human bacterial pathogens may serve as the vectors for ARGs
Positive selection and functional diversification of transcription factor Cmr1 homologs in Alternaria
Authors: Qiu Chaodong , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transcription factor Cmr1 (Colletotrichum melanin regulation 1) and its homologs in several plant fungal pathogens are the regulators of the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis pathway and have evolved functional diversification in morphology and pathogenicity. The fungal genus Alternaria comprises the group of “black fungi” that are rich in DHN-melanin in the primary cell wall and septa of the conidia. Some Alternaria species cause many economically important plant diseases worldwide. However, the evolution and function of Cmr1 homologs in Alternaria remain poorly understood. Here, we identified a total of forty-two Cmr1 homologs from forty-two Alternaria spp. and all contained one additional diverse fungal specific transcription factor motif. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the division of these homologs into five major clades and three branches. Dated phylogeny showed the A and D clades diverged latest and earliest, respectively. Molecular evolutionary analyses revealed that three amino acid sites of Cmr1 homologs in Alternaria were the targets of positive selection. Asmr1, the homolog of Cmr1 in the potato early blight pathogen, Alternaria solani was amplified and displayed the sequence conservation at the amino acid level in different A. solani isolates. Asmr1 was further confirmed to have the transcriptional activation activity and was upregulated during the early stage of potato infection. Deletion of asmr1 led to the decreased melanin content and pathogenicity, deformed conidial morphology, and responses to cell wall and fungicide stresses in A. solani. These results suggest positive selection and functional divergence have played a role in the evolution of Cmr1 homologs in Alternaria.

Key points
• Cmr1 homologs were under positive selection in Alternaria species
• Asmr1 is a functional transcription factor, involved in spore development, melanin biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and responses to cell wall and fungicide stresses in A. solani
• Cmr1 might be used as a potential taxonomic marker of the genus Alternaria
Spirituelle Interventionen in der multimodalen Schmerztherapie
Authors: Kieselbach Kristin , Frede Ursula 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungVerstehen wir chronischen Schmerz nicht nur als Krankheit, sondern zugleich als existenzielle Krise, erscheint eine Berücksichtigung spiritueller Aspekte im Behandlungsprozess als ebenso folgerichtig wie sinnvoll. Spiritualität wird als Oberbegriff für alle Aktivitäten und Erfahrungen verstanden, die dem Leben des Menschen Sinn und Bedeutung verleihen – unabhängig von seiner religiösen Zugehörigkeit. Bislang wurden spirituelle Aspekte therapeutisch hauptsächlich im palliativen Kontext berücksichtigt. Aktuellen umfragebasierten Erhebungen bei Schmerzerkrankten zufolge führt die Einbeziehung der spirituellen Thematik in die Therapie zu einer Verbesserung von Lebensqualität und Schmerztoleranz und wird überdies von den Betroffenen explizit gewünscht. Eine konsequente Erweiterung multimodaler Behandlungsansätze im Sinne eines biopsychosozial-spirituellen Konzepts wurde bislang noch nicht umgesetzt. Relevant für die praktische Umsetzung sind v. a. folgende Grundhaltungen und Verhaltensweisen: Offenheit für spirituelle Themen und Authentizität, Erhebung der spirituellen Anamnese, Zuhören, Standhalten, Aktivierung von Werten, Rückgriff auf Motive aus Religion, Mythologie und Kunst. Die fachliche Zuständigkeit betrifft generell alle Behandler, kann aber auch qualifizierte Fachpersonen für einen spezialisierten Beistand erfordern. Die Integration einer authentischen spirituellen Begleitung in die multimodale Schmerztherapie soll über eine Ressourcenaktivierung und die Identifikation belastender spiritueller Überzeugungen dazu beitragen, Selbstwert- und Identitätserleben der Betroffenen zu stabilisieren. Die detaillierte Integration und die Untersuchung der Effizienz spiritueller Interventionen in der multimodalen Schmerztherapie bedürfen weiterer Untersuchungen.
Multimodal Fusion of Brain Imaging Data: Methods and Applications
Authors: Luo Na , Shi Weiyang , Yang Zhengyi , Song Ming , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeuroimaging data typically include multiple modalities, such as structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and positron emission tomography, which provide multiple views for observing and analyzing the brain. To leverage the complementary representations of different modalities, multimodal fusion is consequently needed to dig out both inter-modality and intra-modality information. With the exploited rich information, it is becoming popular to combine multiple modality data to explore the structural and functional characteristics of the brain in both health and disease status. In this paper, we first review a wide spectrum of advanced machine learning methodologies for fusing multimodal brain imaging data, broadly categorized into unsupervised and supervised learning strategies. Followed by this, some representative applications are discussed, including how they help to understand the brain arealization, how they improve the prediction of behavioral phenotypes and brain aging, and how they accelerate the biomarker exploration of brain diseases. Finally, we discuss some exciting emerging trends and important future directions. Collectively, we intend to offer a comprehensive overview of brain imaging fusion methods and their successful applications, along with the challenges imposed by multi-scale and big data, which arises an urgent demand on developing new models and platforms.
Development of a Diffusion Bonding Route for Joining Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened (ODS) Steels for Nuclear Applications
Authors: Leo José Rodolpho de Oliveira , Fitzpatrick Michael E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels are candidate materials for components in current and future nuclear power plants. One of the issues with using ODS steels is the difficulty of joining them without loss of mechanical performance. In this study, austenitic ODS 316L stainless steel was diffusion-bonded to Inconel 718 superalloy. Having optimized the bonding conditions, a number of samples were made at 1200 °C with a bonding time of 1 hour and pressure of 10 MPa. Preliminary mechanical and microstructural analyses indicated the formation of a sound joint interface, despite slight grain growth in the ODS 316L. A post-bonding thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) was conducted to refine and restore the microstructure of the ODS 316L. Comparative TEM investigations of the parent ODS alloy and the bonded samples (with and without TMT) along with statistical analyses showed that the Y–Ti–O oxide size distribution remains unaffected by the bonding and complementary TMT cycles, indicating stability of such particles even at very high temperatures and suitability of the devised route for joining the ODS 316L steel.
Theoretical Investigation of Spherical Bubble Dynamics in High Mach Number Regimes
Authors: Han Lingxi , Yan Shuai , Li Shuai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe compressibility of fluids has a profound influence on oscillating bubble dynamics, as characterized by the Mach number. However, current theoretical frameworks for bubbles, whether at the first or second order of the Mach number, are primarily confined to scenarios characterized by weak compressibility. Thus, a critical need to elucidate the precise range of applicability for both first- and second-order bubble theories arises. Herein, we investigate the suitability and constraints of bubble theories with different orders through a comparative analysis involving experimental data and numerical simulations. The focal point of our investigation encompasses theories such as the Rayleigh–Plesset, Keller, Herring, and second-order bubble equations. Furthermore, the impact of parameters inherent in the second-order equations is examined. For spherical oscillating bubble dynamics in a free field, our findings reveal that the first- and second-order bubble theories are applicable when Ma⩽0.3 and 0.4, respectively. For a single sonoluminescence bubble, we define an instantaneous Mach number, Mai. The second-order theory shows abnormal sensibility when Mai is high, which is negligible when Mai⩽0.4. The results of this study can serve as a valuable reference for studying compressible bubble dynamics.