bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal commodity taxation when households earn multiple incomes
Authors: Spiritus Kevin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
I characterize the optimal linear commodity taxes when households differ in multiple characteristics and earn multiple incomes, in presence of an optimal non-linear tax schedule on the taxpayers’ labour incomes. The government should tax a commodity more heavily if, conditional on labour income, more deserving taxpayers consume larger quantities of that commodity. Furthermore, the government wishes to tax commodities at different rates to the extent that doing so reduces the distortions caused by the labour income tax. This is the case when households with different incomes have different consumption preferences, or when households with different labour supplies also have different consumption patterns.
Investigating the role of spatial thinking in children’s design ideation through an open-ended design-by-analogy challenge
Authors: Zhu Caiwei , Klapwijk Remke , Silva-Ordaz Miroslava , Spandaw Jeroen , de Vries Marc J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpatial thinking is ubiquitous in design. Design education across all age groups encompasses a range of spatially challenging activities, such as forming and modifying mental representations of ideas, and visualizing the scenarios of design prototypes being used. While extensive research has examined the cognitive processes of spatial thinking and their relationships to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics learning, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the specific spatial thinking processes needed for open-ended problems, which may differ from those assessed in close-ended, analytical spatial tasks. To address this gap, we used educational design-based research to develop a nature-inspired, design-by-analogy project and investigate the spatial thinking processes of young, novice designers. 16 children from an international school in the Netherlands participated in this five-week design project. Multimodal evidence from classroom recordings and children’s design works were triangulated to offer insight into the key spatial thinking processes involved in their creation of nature-inspired, analogy-based design prototypes. Our results revealed spatial thinking processes that might not align with those assessed in conventional spatial tests and may be unique to design or open-ended problem-solving. These processes include abstracting spatial features to infer form-function relationships, retrieving a range of relevant visual information from memory, developing multiple possible analogical matches based on spatial features and relationships, elaborating and iterating on the design concepts and representations to make creative and suitable solutions for the design challenge, as well as visualizing design prototypes in practical usage scenarios. By highlighting the nuanced differences between spatial thinking in open-ended, divergent thinking tasks and conventional spatial tasks that demand single correct solutions, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of how children utilize spatial thinking in design and open-ended problem-solving contexts. Furthermore, this case study offers practical implications for scaffolding children's analogical reasoning and nurturing their spatial thinking in design education.
Motor Control Adherence to the Two-thirds Power Law Differs in Autistic Development
Authors: Fourie Emily , Lu Szu-Ching , Delafield-Butt Jonathan , Rivera Susan M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Autistic individuals often exhibit motor atypicalities, which may relate to difficulties in social communication. This study utilized a smart tablet activity to computationally characterize motor control by testing adherence to the two-thirds power law (2/3 PL), which captures a systematic covariation between velocity and curvature in motor execution and governs many forms of human movement. Children aged 4–8 years old participated in this study, including 24 autistic children and 33 typically developing children. Participants drew and traced ellipses on an iPad. We extracted data from finger movements on the screen, and computed adherence to the 2/3 PL and other kinematic metrics. Measures of cognitive and motor functioning were also collected. In comparison to the typically developing group, the autistic group demonstrated greater velocity modulation between curved and straight sections of movement, increased levels of acceleration and jerk, and greater intra- and inter-individual variability across several kinematic variables. Further, significant motor control development was observed in typically developing children, but not in those with autism. This study is the first to examine motor control adherence to the 2/3 PL in autistic children, revealing overall diminished motor control. Less smooth, more varied movement and an indication of developmental stasis in autistic children were observed. This study offers a novel tool for computational characterization of the autism motor signature in children’s development, demonstrating how smart tablet technology enables accessible assessment of children’s motor performance in an objective, quantifiable and scalable manner.
Multi agent reinforcement learning for online layout planning and scheduling in flexible assembly systems
Authors: Kaven Lea , Huke Philipp , Göppert Amon , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractManufacturing systems are undergoing systematic change facing the trade-off between the customer's needs and the economic and ecological pressure. Especially assembly systems must be more flexible due to many product generations or unpredictable material and demand fluctuations. As a solution line-less mobile assembly systems implement flexible job routes through movable multi-purpose resources and flexible transportation systems. Moreover, a completely reactive rearrangeable layout with mobile resources enables reconfigurations without interrupting production. A scheduling that can handle the complexity of dynamic events is necessary to plan job routes and control transportation in such an assembly system. Conventional approaches for this control task require exponentially rising computational capacities with increasing problem sizes. Therefore, the contribution of this work is an algorithm to dynamically solve the integrated problem of layout optimization and scheduling in line-less mobile assembly systems. The proposed multi agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm uses proximal policy optimization and consists of a decoder and encoder, allowing for various-sized system state descriptions. A simulation study shows that the proposed algorithm performs better in 78% of the scenarios compared to a random agent regarding the makespan optimization objective. This allows for adaptive optimization of line-less mobile assembly systems that can face global challenges.
Replica-Symmetry Breaking Transitions in the Large Deviations of the Ground-State of a Spherical Spin-Glass
Authors: Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine Bertrand , Fyodorov Yan V. , Le Doussal Pierre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe derive, within the replica formalism, a generalisation of the Crisanti–Sommers formula to describe the large deviation function (LDF) $$\mathcal{L}(e)$$

L
(
e
)

for the speed-N atypical fluctuations of the intensive ground-state energy e of a generic spherical spin-glass in the presence of a random external magnetic field of variance $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. We then analyse our exact formula for the LDF in much detail for the Replica symmetric, single step Replica Symmetry Breaking (1-RSB) and Full Replica Symmetry Breaking (FRSB) situations. Our main qualitative conclusion is that the level of RSB governing the LDF may be different from that for the typical ground-state. We find that while the deepest ground-states are always controlled by a LDF of replica symmetric form, beyond a finite threshold $$e\ge e_{t}$$

e
≥

e
t

a replica-symmetry breaking starts to be operative. These findings resolve the puzzling discrepancy between our earlier replica calculations for the $$p=2$$

p
=
2

spherical spin-glass (Fyodorov and Le Doussal in J Stat Phys 154:466, 2014) and the rigorous results by Dembo and Zeitouni (J Stat Phys 159:1306, 2015) which we are able to reproduce invoking an 1-RSB pattern. Finally at an even larger critical energy $$e_{c}\ge e_{t}$$

e
c

≥

e
t

, acting as a “wall”, the LDF diverges logarithmically, which we interpret as a change in the large deviation speed from N to a faster growth. In addition, we show that in the limit $$\Gamma \rightarrow 0$$

Γ
→
0

the LDF takes non-trivial scaling forms (i) $$\mathcal{L}(e) \sim G((e-e_c)/\Gamma )$$

L

(
e
)

∼
G
(

(
e
-

e
c

)

/
Γ
)

in the vicinity of the wall (ii) $$\mathcal{L}(e) \sim \Gamma ^{\eta \nu } F((e-e_{\textrm{typ}})/\Gamma ^{\nu })$$

L

(
e
)

∼

Γ

η
ν

F

(

(
e
-

e
typ

)

/

Γ
ν

)

in the vicinity of the typical energy, characterised by two new exponents $$\eta \ge 1$$

η
≥
1

and $$\nu $$
ν
characterising universality classes. Via matching the latter allows us to formulate several conjectures concerning the regime of typical fluctuations, identified as $$e-e_{\textrm{typ}} \sim N^{-1/\eta }$$

e
-

e
typ

∼

N

-
1
/
η

and $$\Gamma \sim N^{-1/(\eta \nu )}$$

Γ
∼

N

-
1
/
(
η
ν
)

.
Structural and thermoanalytical characterization of self-healing polymer: the effect of cross-linking density
Authors: Takács Tamás , Abdelghafour Mohamed M. , Sebők Dániel , Kukovecz Ákos , Janovák László 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effect of the gradually formed cross-linked structure on the thermal properties and swelling behaviour of modified poly(vinyl alcohol) was investigated. To this aim, the semi-crystalline polymer was functionalized with aldehyde and amino moieties to produce polymers with dynamic imine cross-links, and, thus, with self-healing or curing ability. With increasing degree of functionalization (0.89–7.12%), denser polymer networks cross-linked by dynamic imine bonds were formed, the samples systematically developed thermoset-like properties compared to the pristine, initially thermoplastic PVA. As a result, the introduction of new moieties into the initial PVA lowered the glass transition (from 65.3 to 35.0 °C) and melting temperatures (from 194 to 161 °C), however, a new peak (Tcrd) with growing enthalpy values appeared on the DSC curves, which indicates that more and more energy must be supplied in order to break the imine cross-links formed between the introduced aldehyde and amino groups. The significant impact of the degree of functionalization and cross-linking density on the polymer structure was also clearly demonstrated: the crystallinity decreased as the abundance of the introduced moieties increased and the formation of cross-links proceeded. At the same time, the water desorption enthalpies of the samples increased, suggesting a stronger, chemically cross-linked thermoset-like polymer network compared to the thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol).
Graphical abstract
A new hybrid mobile CNN approach for crosswalk recognition in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Doğan Gürkan , Ergen Burhan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile automobile transportation is increasing worldwide, it also negatively affects the safety of road users. Along with the neglect of traffic rules, pedestrians account for 22% of all highway traffic deaths. Millions of pedestrians suffer non-fatal injuries from these accidents. Most of these injuries and deaths occur at crosswalks, where the highway and pedestrians intersect. In this study, deep learning-based a new hybrid mobile CNN approaches are proposed to reduce injuries and deaths by automatically recognizing of crosswalks in autonomous vehicles. The first of these proposed approaches is the HMCNet approach, which is a hybrid model in which the MobileNetv3 and MNasNet CNN models are used together. This model achieves approximately 2% more accuracy than the peak performance of the lean used MobileNetv3 and MNasNet models. Another proposed approach is the FHMCNet approach, which increases the success of the HMCNet approach. In the FHMCNet approach, LSVC feature selection method and SVM classification method are used in addition to HMCNet. This approach increased the classification success of HMCNet by more than approximately 2%. Finally, the proposed FHMCNet offered approximately 3% more classification accuracy than state-of-the-art methods in the literature.
Haptic stimulation during the viewing of a film: an EEG-based study
Authors: Cerdán-Martínez Víctor , García-López Álvaro , Revuelta-Sanz Pablo , Ortiz Tomás , Vergaz Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent psychology and neuroscience studies have used tactile stimuli in patients, concluding after their experiments that touch is a sense tightly linked to emotions. In parallel, a new way of seeing films, 4D cinema, has added new stimuli to the traditional audiovisual via, including the tactile vibration. In this work, we have studied the brain activity of audience while viewing a scene filmed and directed by us and with an emotional content, under two different conditions: 1) image + sound, 2) image + sound + vibro-tactile stimulation. We have designed a glove where pulse trains are generated in coin motors at specific moments and recorded 35 viewers’ electroencephalograms (EEGs) to evaluate the impact of the vibro-tactile stimulation during the film projection. Hotelling’s T-squared results show higher brain intensity if the tactile stimulus is received during the viewing than if no tactile stimulus is injected. Condition 1 participants showed activation in left and right orbitofrontal areas, whereas Condition 2 they also showed activities in right superior frontal and right-medial frontal areas. We conclude that the addition of vibrotactile stimulus increases the brain activity in areas linked with attentional processes, while producing a higher intensity in those related to emotional processes.
A rolling bearing fault diagnosis technique based on fined-grained multi-scale symbolic entropy and whale optimization algorithm-MSVM
Authors: wang Bing , qiu Wentao , Hu Xiong , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a critical and fragile rotary supporting component in mechanical equipment, fault diagnosis of rolling bearing has been a hot issue. A rolling bearing fault diagnosis technique based on fined-grained multi-scale symbolic entropy and whale optimization algorithm-multiclass support vector machine (abbreviated as FGMSE-WOA-MSVM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the vibration signals are decomposed with fine-grained multi-scale decomposition, and the symbolic entropy of the sub-signals at different analysis scales are extracted and constructed as the multi-dimension fault feature vector. In order to address the problem of sensitive parameters for MSVM model, whale optimization algorithm (abbreviated as WOA) is introduced to optimize the penalty factor and kernel function parameters to construct the optimal WOA-MSVM model. Finally, Instance analysis is carried out with bearing fault dataset from Jiangnan University to verify the parameters influence and the effectiveness on the unbalanced sample set. The results show that compared with different feature vector inputs and learning models such as k-Nearest Neighbor (abbreviated as KNN), Decision Tree (abbreviated as DT), Random Forest (RF), etc., the proposed technique can achieve an accuracy rate of 99.33%, besides, the computation speed is fast and the diagnosis efficiency is high which means its potential value for engineering application.
Optical quantum conformable normalized and recursional model in Minkowski space
Authors: Körpinar Talat , Körpinar Zeliha , Özdemir Hatice 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we construct electromagnetic conformable timelike particles with Bishop model in Minkowski space. Also, we obtain conformable derivatives of $$\Gamma \left( {\textbf{t}}\right) $$

Γ

t

, $$\Gamma \left( {\textbf{m}}_{1}\right) $$

Γ

m
1

, $$\Gamma \left( {\textbf{m}}_{2}\right) $$

Γ

m
2

Lorentz forces. Then, we compute normalizing and recursion operators of magnetic vector fields according to Bishop model. Finally, we determine F–W conformable derivatives for normalizing and recursional operators.
Highly sensitive temperature sensor based on nematic liquid crystal channel waveguide on silicon
Authors: Abd-Elkader Ahmed El-Sayed , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya Salah S. A. , Younis B. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a highly sensitive hybrid plasmonic liquid crystal channel-based temperature sensor. The proposed structure has V-groove waveguide channel infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material of type E7 and coated by a gold (Au) layer to excite the surface plasmon resonance at the metal/dielectric interface. The NLC refractive indices depend on the temperature which affects the resonance wavelength where coupling occurs between the core and surface plasmon modes. The full vectorial finite element method is employed to evaluate the sensing performance of the reported sensor. The numerical results show that the suggested sensor can achieve an average temperature sensitivity of 24.5 nm/°C over a temperature range from 15 to 40 °C. The obtained wavelength sensitivity is higher than those of most similar temperature sensors based on silica-silicon or silicon-on-insulator technology in literature. In addition, the average amplitude sensitivity and figure of merit of the presented sensor are 0.135 °C− 1 and 0.43 °C− 1, respectively. Moreover, the introduced structure is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible with simple design and good fabrication tolerance of ± 5% where the temperature sensitivity is better than 23 nm/°C.
Spectroscopic, Hartree–Fock and DFT study of the molecular structure and electronic properties of functionalized chitosan and chitosan-graphene oxide for electronic applications
Authors: Elhaes Hanan , Ezzat Hend A. , Ibrahim Asmaa , Samir Mona , Refaat Ahmed , Ibrahim Medhat A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChitosan is a natural biopolymer that is classified among the most important biodegradable polysaccharides widely used in different environmental and industrial applications, such as tissue engineering, biomedical devices, electronics and supercapacitors, water filtration, and food packaging. Theoretical infrared spectra of chitosan were computed using both Hartree–Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods, with different basis sets, including 3-21g, 6-31g, 6-311g, LANL2DZ, and LANL2MB, to identify the ideal basis set that is closest to the experimental results. DFT:B3LYP/3-21g** was the best model for chitosan and was used to investigate its functionalization with various functional groups such as (OH, NH2, COOH, CH3, CHO, CN, SH) and graphene oxide (GO). Molecular electrostatic potential, total dipole moment, and HOMO–LUMO band gap (∆E) calculations indicated that Chitosan-GO is the most reactive and stable structure, with a ∆E of 0.3023 eV. Consequently, Chitosan–GO composite was prepared and analyzed using ATR–FTIR spectroscopy. The spectra revealed a new band at 1620 cm−1, which was attributed to the COOH group of GO and was red-shifted owing to the hydrogen bonding between the GO and NH2 of chitosan, confirming the synthesis of Chitosan–GO composite. The significant improvement in the electronic properties of Chitosan-GO based on the obtained results promotes it to be used in electronic applications such as the development of electrodes for supercapacitors.
Optical and physical characteristics of chitosan/silver vanadate nanocomposites
Authors: Ibrahim Hagar H. , Abdelghany A. M. , Gaber Mohamed H. , Ali Said A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChitosan/AgVO3 nanocomposite thin films were synthesized via solution casting method using water as solvent. Silver vanadate (AgVO3) nanoparticles were prepared separately using a chemical precipitation technique. The structure and properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling ratio tests, and antimicrobial assays. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between the amide I group of chitosan and AgVO3 nanoparticles. Increasing AgVO3 content resulted in decreased optical bandgap of the nanocomposite films. XRD patterns showed the amorphous nature of the nanocomposites. SEM images revealed evenly distributed AgVO3 nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix. The swelling ratio decreased with higher AgVO3 loading, suggesting improved hydrolytic stability. The nanocomposite films demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as Candida fungus. The tunable optical properties, swelling behavior, and antibacterial effects spotlight the potential of chitosan/AgVO3 nanocomposites for versatile biomedical applications.
Exact solutions of Shynaray-IIA equation (S-IIAE) using the improved modified Sardar sub-equation method
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ishfaq , Marwat Dil Nawaz Khan , Sabi’u Jamilu , Inc Mustafa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present an innovative approach to acquire the exact solutions of the Shynaray-IIA equations (S-IIAE), by using the improved modified Sardar sub-equation method (IMSSEM). The S-IIAE are nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations that arise in various fields of physics and engineering such as optical fibers and ferromagnetic materials. The IMSSEM is applied to S-IIAE; we successfully derived exact solutions that accurately described the wave propagation behavior of the system under consideration. The obtained solutions include rational, trigonometric, and trigonometric hyperbolic function solutions. The obtained solutions are concise and offer a deeper insight into the dynamics and characteristics of the S-IIAE. Moreover, some of the new solutions to S-IIAE are plotted in different dimensions through which bright, anti-kink and bright solitary wave structures are established. The results of the study also indicated that the proposed method is a valuable approach for achieving analytical solutions to a wide range of nonlinear partial differential equations.