bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sub‐Grid Turbulent Orographic Form Drag on the Summer Monsoon Precipitation Simulation Over China
Authors: Gu Chunlei , Huang Anning , Li Xin , Yang Ben , Zhou Xu , Wu Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTerrain has multi‐scale dynamic impacts on the climate. The Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) has simulation uncertainty partly due to insufficient description of sub‐grid orographic drag (SOD). In this study, the sub‐grid turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD) scheme has been adopted into the RegCM4 to better describe SOD. Results show that the overestimated near surface wind over rugged areas leads to non‐negligible biases of the summer monsoon precipitation simulation over China in the original RegCM4, whose skill in simulating the summer precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China can be remarkably improved by adopting the sub‐grid TOFD scheme. Compared to the original RegCM4, the Taylor scores (root mean square error) of the precipitation simulated by the RegCM4 with the sub‐grid TOFD scheme are increased (decreased) by 4%, 13%, 11%, and 7% (8%, 5%, 30%, and 16%) over the southeastern China, the mid‐lower Yangtze River Basin, the Huang‐Huai Basin, and the northeastern China, respectively. The improved precipitation simulation mainly comes from the atmospheric circulation simulation improved by adopting the sub‐grid TOFD scheme, which leads to cyclonic (anti‐cyclonic) wind differences over the southeastern (northeastern) China from the boundary layer to the mid‐troposphere and thereafter vertical motion differences in the middle troposphere, further resulting in the variation of the simulated precipitation intensity (heavy to torrential) and the convective precipitation and consequential improvement of summer monsoon precipitation simulation. This study indicates that the dynamic impact of micro‐scale terrain plays an important role in the summer monsoon precipitation simulation.
Sulfuric Acid Nucleation Potential Model Applied to Complex Reacting Systems in the Atmosphere
Authors: Johnson J. S. , Jen C. N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtmospheric aerosol particles impact Earth's radiation balance by acting as seeds for cloud droplet formation. Over half of global cloud seed particles are formed by nucleation, a process where gas‐phase compounds react to form stable particles. Reactions of sulfuric acid (SA) with a wide variety of atmospheric compounds have been previously shown to drive nucleation in the lower troposphere. However, global climate models poorly predict particle nucleation rates since current nucleation models do not describe nucleation for systems containing tens to hundreds of precursor compounds. The nucleation potential model (NPM) was recently developed to model SA nucleation of complex mixtures by measuring an effective base concentration using a 1‐nm condensation particle counter. This technique for estimating particle nucleation rates can be deployed at a much higher spatial and temporal resolution than current methods which require detailed knowledge of all nucleation reactions and measurements, typically using a mass spectrometer, of all nucleation precursor gases. This work expands NPM by showing that this model can capture enhancement and suppression of SA nucleation rates within a complex mixture of organic and inorganic acids, ambient air, and across a range of atmospherically relevant relative humidities. In addition, an expression for calculating atmospheric nucleation rates was also derived from the NPM. Ultimately, NPM provides a simple way to measure and model the extent compounds in a complex mixture enhance SA nucleation rates using a condensation particle counter.
Idasanutlin and navitoclax induce synergistic apoptotic cell death in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Johansson Kimberly B. , Zimmerman Megan S. , Dmytrenko Iryna V. , Gao Feng , Link Daniel C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy in which activating mutations in the Notch pathway are thought to contribute to transformation, in part, by activating c-Myc. Increased c-Myc expression induces oncogenic stress that can trigger apoptosis through the MDM2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Since the great majority of T-ALL cases carry inactivating mutations upstream in this pathway but maintain wildtype MDM2 and TP53, we hypothesized that T-ALL would be selectively sensitive to MDM2 inhibition. Treatment with idasanutlin, an MDM2 inhibitor, induced only modest apoptosis in T-ALL cells but upregulated the pro-apoptotic BH3 domain genes BAX and BBC3, prompting us to evaluate the combination of idasanutlin with BH3 mimetics. Combination treatment with idasanutlin and navitoclax, a potent Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, induces more consistent and potent synergistic killing of T-ALL PDX lines in vitro than venetoclax, a Bcl-2 specific inhibitor. Moreover, a marked synergic response to combination treatment with idasanutlin and navitoclax was seen in vivo in all four T-ALL xenografts tested, with a significant increase in overall survival in the combination treatment group. Collectively, these preclinical data show that the combination of idasanutlin and navitoclax is highly active in T-ALL and may merit consideration in the clinical setting.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of a new transgenic t(8;21) preleukemia mouse model reveals regulatory networks promoting leukemic transformation
Authors: Yan Ming , Liu Mengdan , Davis Amanda G. , Stoner Samuel A. , Zhang Dong-Er 
Published: October 2023

AbstractT(8;21)(q22;q22), which generates the AML1-ETO fusion oncoprotein, is a common chromosomal abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Despite having favorable prognosis, 40% of patients will relapse, highlighting the need for innovative models and application of the newest technologies to study t(8;21) leukemogenesis. Currently, available AML1-ETO mouse models have limited utility for studying the pre-leukemic stage because AML1-ETO produces mild hematopoietic phenotypes and no leukemic transformation. Conversely, overexpression of a truncated variant, AML1-ETO9a (AE9a), promotes fully penetrant leukemia and is too potent for studying pre-leukemic changes. To overcome these limitations, we devised a germline-transmitted Rosa26 locus AE9a knock-in mouse model that moderately overexpressed AE9a and developed leukemia with long latency and low penetrance. We observed pre-leukemic alterations in AE9a mice, including skewing of progenitors towards granulocyte/monocyte lineages and replating of stem and progenitor cells. Next, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to identify specific cell populations that contribute to these pre-leukemic phenotypes. We discovered a subset of common myeloid progenitors that have heightened granulocyte/monocyte bias in AE9a mice. We also observed dysregulation of key hematopoietic transcription factor target gene networks, blocking cellular differentiation. Finally, we identified Sox4 activation as a potential contributor to stem cell self-renewal during the pre-leukemic stage.
Soil bacterium manipulates antifungal weapons by sensing intracellular type IVA secretion system effectors of a competitor
Authors: Wang Bingxin , Zhang Zeyu , Xu Fugui , Yang Zixiang , Li Zihan , Shen Danyu , Wang Limin , Wu Huijun , Li Tao , Yan Qing , Wei Qi , Shao Xiaolong , Qian Guoliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Soil beneficial bacteria can effectively inhibit bacterial pathogens by assembling contact-dependent killing weapons, such as the type IVA secretion system (T4ASS). It’s not clear whether these antibacterial weapons are involved in biotrophic microbial interactions in soil. Here we showed that an antifungal antibiotic 2,4-DAPG production of the soil bacterium, Pseudomonas protegens can be triggered by another soil bacterium, Lysobacter enzymogenes, via T4ASS by co-culturing on agar plates to mimic cell-to-cell contact. We demonstrated that the induced 2,4-DAPG production of P. protegens is achieved by intracellular detection of the T4ASS effector protein Le1519 translocated from L. enzymogenes. We defined Le1519 as LtaE (LysobacterT4E triggering antifungal effects), which specifically stimulates the expression of 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis genes in P. protegens, thereby protecting soybean seedlings from infection by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. We further found that LtaE directly bound to PhlF, a pathway-specific transcriptional repressor of the 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis, then activated the 2,4-DAPG production. Our results highlight a novel pattern of microbial interspecies and interkingdom interactions, providing a unique case for expanding the diversity of soil microbial interactions.
Abl depletion via autophagy mediates the beneficial effects of quercetin against Alzheimer pathology across species
Authors: Schiavi Alfonso , Cirotti Claudia , Gerber Lora-Sophie , Di Lauro Giulia , Maglioni Silvia , Shibao Priscila Yumi Tanaka , Montresor Sabrina , Kirstein Janine , Petzsch Patrick , Köhrer Karl , Schins Roel P. F. , Wahle Tina , Barilà Daniela , Ventura Natascia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is the most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder and the most frequent form of dementia in our society. Aging is a complex biological process concurrently shaped by genetic, dietary and environmental factors and natural compounds are emerging for their beneficial effects against age-related disorders. Besides their antioxidant activity often described in simple model organisms, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of different dietary compounds remain however largely unknown. In the present study, we exploit the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a widely established model for aging studies, to test the effects of different natural compounds in vivo and focused on mechanistic aspects of one of them, quercetin, using complementary systems and assays. We show that quercetin has evolutionarily conserved beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology: it prevents Amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced detrimental effects in different C. elegans AD models and it reduces Aβ-secretion in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, we found that the beneficial effects of quercetin are mediated by autophagy-dependent reduced expression of Abl tyrosine kinase. In turn, autophagy is required upon Abl suppression to mediate quercetin’s protective effects against Aβ toxicity. Our data support the power of C. elegans as an in vivo model to investigate therapeutic options for AD.
Benchmarking strategies for cross-species integration of single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Song Yuyao , Miao Zhichao , Brazma Alvis , Papatheodorou Irene 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe growing number of available single-cell gene expression datasets from different species creates opportunities to explore evolutionary relationships between cell types across species. Cross-species integration of single-cell RNA-sequencing data has been particularly informative in this context. However, in order to do so robustly it is essential to have rigorous benchmarking and appropriate guidelines to ensure that integration results truly reflect biology. Here, we benchmark 28 combinations of gene homology mapping methods and data integration algorithms in a variety of biological settings. We examine the capability of each strategy to perform species-mixing of known homologous cell types and to preserve biological heterogeneity using 9 established metrics. We also develop a new biology conservation metric to address the maintenance of cell type distinguishability. Overall, scANVI, scVI and SeuratV4 methods achieve a balance between species-mixing and biology conservation. For evolutionarily distant species, including in-paralogs is beneficial. SAMap outperforms when integrating whole-body atlases between species with challenging gene homology annotation. We provide our freely available cross-species integration and assessment pipeline to help analyse new data and develop new algorithms.
Enhancing operational stability of OLEDs based on subatomic modified thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds
Authors: Jung Sinyeong , Cheung Wai-Lung , Li Si-jie , Wang Min , Li Wansi , Wang Cangyu , Song Xiaoge , Wei Guodan , Song Qinghua , Chen Season Si , Cai Wanqing , Ng Maggie , Tang Wai Kit , Tang Man-Chung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe realization of operationally stable blue organic light-emitting diodes is a challenging issue across the field. While device optimization has been a focus to effectively prolong device lifetime, strategies based on molecular engineering of chemical structures, particularly at the subatomic level, remains little. Herein, we explore the effect of targeted deuteration on donor and/or acceptor units of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and investigate the structure-property relationship between intrinsic molecular stability, based on isotopic effect, and device operational stability. We show that the deuteration of the acceptor unit is critical to enhance the photostability of thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds and hence device lifetime in addition to that of the donor units, which is commonly neglected due to the limited availability and synthetic complexity of deuterated acceptors. Based on these isotopic analogues, we observe a gradual increase in the device operational stability and achieve the long-lifetime time to 90% of the initial luminance of 23.4 h at the luminance of 1000 cd m−2 for thermally activated delayed fluorescence-sensitized organic light-emitting diodes. We anticipate our strategic deuteration approach provides insights and demonstrates the importance on structural modification materials at a subatomic level towards prolonging the device operational stability.
Achieving health-oriented air pollution control requires integrating unequal toxicities of industrial particles
Authors: Wu Di , Zheng Haotian , Li Qing , Wang Shuxiao , Zhao Bin , Jin Ling , Lyu Rui , Li Shengyue , Liu Yuzhe , Chen Xiu , Zhang Fenfen , Wu Qingru , Liu Tonghao , Jiang Jingkun , Wang Lin , Li Xiangdong , Chen Jianmin , Hao Jiming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProtecting human health from fine particulate matter (PM) pollution is the ambitious goal of clean air actions, but current control strategies largely ignore the role of source-specific PM toxicity. Here, we proposed health-oriented control strategies by integrating the unequal toxic potencies of the most polluting industrial PMs. Iron and steel industry (ISI)-emitted PM2.5 exhibit about one order of magnitude higher toxic potency than those of cement and power industries. Compared with the current mass-based control strategy (prioritizing implementation of ultralow emission standards in the power sector), the proposed health-oriented control strategy (priority control of the ISI sector) could generate 5.4 times higher reduction in population-weighted toxic potency-adjusted PM2.5 exposure among polluting industries in China. Furthermore, the marginal abatement cost per unit of toxic potency-adjusted mass of ISI-emitted PM2.5 is only a quarter of that of the other two sectors under ultralow emission scenarios. We highlight that a health-oriented air pollution control strategy is urgently required to achieve cost-effective reductions in particulate exposure risks.
Global diversity and biogeography of potential phytopathogenic fungi in a changing world
Authors: Li Pengfa , Tedersoo Leho , Crowther Thomas W. , Wang Baozhan , Shi Yu , Kuang Lu , Li Ting , Wu Meng , Liu Ming , Luan Lu , Liu Jia , Li Dongzhen , Li Yongxia , Wang Songhan , Saleem Muhammad , Dumbrell Alex J. , Li Zhongpei , Jiang Jiandong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhytopathogenic fungi threaten global food security but the ecological drivers of their global diversity and biogeography remain unknown. Here, we construct and analyse a global atlas of potential phytopathogenic fungi from 20,312 samples across all continents and major oceanic island regions, eleven land cover types, and twelve habitat types. We show a peak in the diversity of phytopathogenic fungi in mid-latitude regions, in contrast to the latitudinal diversity gradients observed in aboveground organisms. Our study identifies climate as an important driver of the global distribution of phytopathogenic fungi, and our models suggest that their diversity and invasion potential will increase globally by 2100. Importantly, phytopathogen diversity will increase largely in forest (37.27-79.12%) and cropland (34.93-82.51%) ecosystems, and this becomes more pronounced under fossil-fuelled industry dependent future scenarios. Thus, we recommend improved biomonitoring in forests and croplands, and optimised sustainable development approaches to reduce potential threats from phytopathogenic fungi.
Fast and versatile electrostatic disc microprinting for piezoelectric elements
Authors: Li Xuemu , Zhang Zhuomin , Peng Zehua , Yan Xiaodong , Hong Ying , Liu Shiyuan , Lin Weikang , Shan Yao , Wang Yuanyi , Yang Zhengbao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanoparticles, films, and patterns are three critical piezoelectric elements with widespread applications in sensing, actuations, catalysis and energy harvesting. High productivity and large-area fabrication of these functional elements is still a significant challenge, let alone the control of their structures and feature sizes on various substrates. Here, we report a fast and versatile electrostatic disc microprinting, enabled by triggering the instability of liquid-air interface of inks. The printing process allows for fabricating lead zirconate titanate free-standing nanoparticles, films, and micro-patterns. The as-fabricated lead zirconate titanate films exhibit a high piezoelectric strain constant of 560 pm V−1, one to two times higher than the state-of-the-art. The multiplexed tip jetting mode and the large layer-by-layer depositing area can translate into depositing speeds up to 109 μm3 s−1, one order of magnitude faster than current techniques. Printing diversified functional materials, ranging from suspensions of dielectric ceramic and metal nanoparticles, to insulating polymers, to solutions of biological molecules, demonstrates the great potential of the electrostatic disc microprinting in electronics, biotechnology and beyond.
Wireless magneto-ionics: voltage control of magnetism by bipolar electrochemistry
Authors: Ma Zheng , Fuentes-Rodriguez Laura , Tan Zhengwei , Pellicer Eva , Abad Llibertat , Herrero-Martín Javier , Menéndez Enric , Casañ-Pastor Nieves , Sort Jordi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractModulation of magnetic properties through voltage-driven ion motion and redox processes, i.e., magneto-ionics, is a unique approach to control magnetism with electric field for low-power memory and spintronic applications. So far, magneto-ionics has been achieved through direct electrical connections to the actuated material. Here we evidence that an alternative way to reach such control exists in a wireless manner. Induced polarization in the conducting material immersed in the electrolyte, without direct wire contact, promotes wireless bipolar electrochemistry, an alternative pathway to achieve voltage-driven control of magnetism based on the same electrochemical processes involved in direct-contact magneto-ionics. A significant tunability of magnetization is accomplished for cobalt nitride thin films, including transitions between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states. Such effects can be either volatile or non-volatile depending on the electrochemical cell configuration. These results represent a fundamental breakthrough that may inspire future device designs for applications in bioelectronics, catalysis, neuromorphic computing, or wireless communications.
Automated imaging and identification of proteoforms directly from ovarian cancer tissue
Authors: McGee John P. , Su Pei , Durbin Kenneth R. , Hollas Michael A. R. , Bateman Nicholas W. , Maxwell G. Larry , Conrads Thomas P. , Fellers Ryan T. , Melani Rafael D. , Camarillo Jeannie M. , Kafader Jared O. , Kelleher Neil L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe molecular identification of tissue proteoforms by top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) is significantly limited by throughput and dynamic range. We introduce AutoPiMS, a single-ion MS based multiplexed workflow for top-down tandem MS (MS2) directly from tissue microenvironments in a semi-automated manner. AutoPiMS directly off human ovarian cancer sections allowed for MS2identification of 73 proteoforms up to 54 kDa at a rate of <1 min per proteoform. AutoPiMS is directly interfaced with multifaceted proteoform imaging MS data modalities for the identification of proteoform signatures in tumor and stromal regions in ovarian cancer biopsies. From a total of ~1000 proteoforms detected by region-of-interest label-free quantitation, we discover 303 differential proteoforms in stroma versus tumor from the same patient. 14 of the top proteoform signatures are corroborated by MSI at 20 micron resolution including the differential localization of methylated forms of CRIP1, indicating the importance of proteoform-enabled spatial biology in ovarian cancer.
Grasping extreme aerodynamics on a low-dimensional manifold
Authors: Fukami Kai , Taira Kunihiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractModern air vehicles perform a wide range of operations, including transportation, defense, surveillance, and rescue. These aircraft can fly in calm conditions but avoid operations in gusty environments, encountered in urban canyons, over mountainous terrains, and in ship wakes. With extreme weather becoming ever more frequent due to global warming, it is anticipated that aircraft, especially those that are smaller in size, will encounter sizeable atmospheric disturbances and still be expected to achieve stable flight. However, there exists virtually no theoretical fluid-dynamic foundation to describe the influence of extreme vortical gusts on wings. To compound this difficulty, there is a large parameter space for gust-wing interactions. While such interactions are seemingly complex and different for each combination of gust parameters, we show that the fundamental physics behind extreme aerodynamics is far simpler and lower-rank than traditionally expected. We reveal that the nonlinear vortical flow field over time and parameter space can be compressed to only three variables with a lift-augmented autoencoder while holding the essence of the original high-dimensional physics. Extreme aerodynamic flows can be compressed through machine learning into a low-dimensional manifold, which can enable real-time sparse reconstruction, dynamical modeling, and control of extremely unsteady gusty flows. The present findings offer support for the stable flight of next-generation small air vehicles in atmosphere conditions traditionally considered unflyable.
Vertical structures of marine heatwaves
Authors: Zhang Ying , Du Yan , Feng Ming , Hobday Alistair J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA marine heatwave (MHW) is typically defined as an anomalous warm event in the surface ocean, with wide-ranging impacts on marine and socio-economic systems. The surface warming associated with MHWs can penetrate into the deep ocean; however, the vertical structure of MHWs is poorly known in the global ocean. Here, we identify four main types of MHWs with different vertical structures using Argo profiles: shallow, subsurface-reversed, subsurface-intensified, and deep MHWs. These MHW types are characterized by different spatial distributions with hotspots of subsurface-reversed and subsurface-intensified MHWs at low latitudes and shallow and deep MHWs at middle-high latitudes. These vertical structures are influenced by ocean dynamical processes, including oceanic planetary waves, boundary currents, eddies, and mixing. The area and depth of all types of MHWs exhibit significant increasing trends over the past two decades. These results contribute to a better understanding of the physical drivers and ecological impacts of MHWs in a warming climate.