bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mejoradores de suelos calcareos y fertilizacion fosfatada en el cultivo de la papa
Authors: Narro Farías Eduardo A. 
Published: January 2024

El cultivo de la papa, en suelos calcáreos de textura pesada y pH alcali-no, presenta una problemática muy especial en cuanto a la eficiencia en el uso de los fertilizantes fosfatados y problemas asociados con las propiedades físicas del suelo, lo cual acarrea un requerimiento alto de fertilizantes y menores rendimientos del cultivo.
Los mejoradores de suelo son materiales que, al ser aplicados, ayudan al suelo a desempeñar más eficientemente las funciones que realiza en beneficio de las plantas. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de diferentes dosis de minerales expandidos (vermiculita y perlita), estiércoles (bovino, capri-no, porcino, gallinaza y guano de murciélago), materiales vegetales (ceba-da verde, paja de trigo y tamo de dátil) y acidificante (azufre agrícola) sobre propiedades selectas de varios suelos calcáreos, y se encontró que todos los mejoradores producían cambios benéficos en los suelos.
En la segunda parte del estudio se establecieron 3 experimentos para evaluar el efecto de la mezcla de diferentes dosis de mejoradores, con dosis o fuentes de fertilizante fosfatado en el cultivo de la papa; se observó que el uso de los mejoradores elevó los rendimientos y, en ocasiones, la calidad del tubérculo, Mediante el uso de mejoradores fue posible establecer que la dosis óptima económica de fertilizante fosfatado, para el cultivo de la papa en los suelos mencionados, fue de 450 kg P2 Os / ha.
El mejorador más sobresaliente, estudiado en el cultivo de la papa, es la vermiculita; sin embargo, por su elevado costo se le debe considerar con reservas.
Tratamientos para romper latencia en semilla de dos especies de Atriplex bajo condiciones de laboratorio e invernadero
Authors: Valdés-Oyervides Antonio , Ceballos-Rios Ignacio , Torres-Tapia María Alejandra , Facio Parra Federico , Arce-García Leopoldo 
Published: January 2024

Las semillas de plantas del género Atriplex recién cosechadas presentan un estado de latencia, lo cual es una desventaja tanto para su uso inmediato como para la evaluación de su calidad. Existen diferentes métodos para eliminar esta condición. Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de tratamientos físicos y químicos para eliminar la latencia y aumentar la germinación en semillas de dos especies de halofitas del género Atriplex: A. canescens (costilla de vaca) y A. nummularia (zampa australiana) bajo condiciones de laboratorio e invernadero. Los tratamientos fueron: escarificación, remojo en agua durante 48 h, remojo en agua a 60 °C durante 10 min, remojo en solución de KNO3 al 0.2 % durante 10 min, y remojo en solución de H2SO4 a 140 µg ml-1. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las semillas se sembraron en cajas Petri en laboratorio y en charolas germinadoras de poliestireno en invernadero. Las variables evaluadas fueron: porcentaje de germinación, índice de velocidad de emergencia, longitud media de plúmula y longitud media de radícula. Los resultados indicaron que, en A. nummularia, se obtuvo un alto porcentaje de germinación con la escarificación de la semilla tanto en laboratorio como en invernadero; mientras que para la especie A. canescens el porcentaje de germinación fue muy bajo, incluyendo la escarificación en ambos ambientes.
La temperatura de los ambientes tanto de laboratorio como invernadero interfieren en el porcentaje de germinación y en el índice de velocidad de emergencia, mientras que la longitud media de plúmula y de radícula no fue afectada por los ambientes en las dos especies estudiadas.
Unaccompanied Minors according to Case Law of the European Committee of Social Rights
Authors: Jasudowicz Tadeusz 
Published: January 2024

The European Social Charter in both its versions - the original from 1961 and the revised one from 1996, attaches great importance to the protection of children's rights. It sees the fate of unaccompanied minor foreigners in the territories of states - parties to the Charter as a special problem. Three complaints directly address this issue: two by Defense for Children International against the Netherlands in 2008 and against Belgium in 2011, and one by EUROCEF against France in 2015. They were settled by the European Committee of Social Rights in 2009, 2012, and 2018, respectively. The rulings adopted by the Committee provide an important framework for the response of public authorities in Europe to the increasing number of children arriving from other continents. The adopted directions of thinking indicate the need for great sensitivity in applying the applicable legal standards to this category of foreigners. The article indicates the essential elements that should be taken into account when deciding on the legal situation of minor foreigners coming to Europe.
In-vitro pathogenicity of Akanthomyces lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae against the aphid Aphis craccivora
Authors: Isma’il Safiya , Deba Fatima Ali , Ladan Muhammad Auwal , Yakubu Mohammed Nuru , Haruna Usman Sa’id , Ladan Muhammad Auwal , Aliyu Habiba Usman , Abdulhameed Ahmad , Tahir Fatima 
Published: January 2024

Aphis craccivora es una plaga mundial grave de la alubia ojo de perdiz y responsable del bajo rendimiento del cultivo. Los hongos entomopatógenos ofrecen alternativas ambientalmente respetuosas a pesticidas sintéticos convencionales. Se evaluó el potencial de Akanthomyces lecanii y Metarhizium anisopliae contra el pulgón negro de las leguminosas en laboratorio. Estos hongos se utilizaron en bioensayos de laboratorio: Se rociaron discos de papel con diferentes concentraciones de esporas de cada aislado, con hojas de judía como alimento para los insectos. Se observó y registró la mortalidad de los pulgones durante 10 días. La concentración de 1x10^8 conidios/ml fue suficientemente alta para causar mortalidad en todos los ensayos, mientras que en el control fue del 10%. Este estudio confirma el potencial de hongos autóctonos como agentes de control biológico contra estos pulgones, incluso a bajas concentraciones.
Aphis craccivora is a serious pest of cowpea worldwide and responsible for low crop yields. Entomopathogenic fungi offer environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional synthetic pesticides. In the present study, the biological control potential of Akanthomyces lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae against cowpea aphid was evaluated under laboratory conditions. These fungi were used in the laboratory bioassays: Conidial suspensions with different concentrations of spores of each isolate were sprayed on filterpaper discs on which bean leaves were placed as food for the insects. Aphid mortality was observed and recorded for 10 days. The concentration of 1x10^8 conidia/ml was high enough to cause insect mortality in all the isolates tested while the control mortality was 10%. This study confirms the potential of using the indigenous fungi as biological control agents against the cowpea aphids even at low concentrations.
Sistem Informasi Geografis Peta Interaktif Pariwisata Kabupaten Pati berbasis Sistem
Authors: Moh Ferdio Arifianto Saputro  , Bambang Agus Herlambang  , Ahmad Khoirul Anam  
Published: January 2024

The development of information technology, especially Geographic Information Systems (GIS), has made a significant contribution to improving tourism services in various regions. This research aims to analyze the level of user satisfaction with the GIS-based Pati Regency Tourism Interactive Map Application. The research method was carried out through collecting survey data from application users which involved respondents from various levels of society.
This application is designed to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding tourism destinations, facilities and travel routes in Pati Regency. Users can take advantage of interactive features to plan tourist trips more efficiently. Using questionnaires and interviews, this research evaluates user satisfaction with the user interface, information availability, data accuracy, and ease of use of the application.
Plant height variation and genetic diversity between Prunus ledebouriana (Schlecht.) YY Yao and Prunus tenella Batsch based on using SSR markers in East Kazakhstan
Authors: Orazov Aidyn , Yermagambetova Moldir , Myrzagaliyeva Anar , Mukhitdinov Nashtay , Tustubayeva Shynar , Turuspekov Yerlan , Almerekova Shyryn 
Published: January 2024

Background
Genetic differences between isolated endemic populations of plant species and those with widely known twin species are relevant for conserving the biological diversity of our planet’s flora. Prunus ledebouriana (Schlecht.) YY Yao is an endangered and endemic species of shrub almond from central Asia. Few studies have explored this species, which is closely related and morphologically similar to the well-known Prunus tenella Batsch. In this article, we present a comparative analysis of studies of three P. ledebouriana populations and one close population of P. tenella in Eastern Kazakhstan in order to determine the particular geographic mutual replacement of the two species.

Methods
The populations were collected from different ecological niches, including one steppe population near Ust-Kamenogorsk (P. tenella) and three populations (P. ledebouriana) in the mountainous area. Estimation of plant height using a t-test suggested a statistically significant difference between the populations and the two species (P < 0.0001). DNA simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied to study the two species’ genetic diversity and population structure.

Results
A total of 19 polymorphic SSR loci were analyzed, and the results showed that the population collected in mountainous areas had a lower variation level than steppe populations. The highest level of Nei’s genetic diversity index was demonstrated in the 4-UK population (0.622) of P. tenella. The lowest was recorded in population 3-KA (0.461) of P. ledebouriana, collected at the highest altitude of the four populations (2,086 meters above sea level). The total genetic variation of P. ledebouriana was distributed 73% within populations and 27% between populations. STRUCTURE results showed that two morphologically similar species diverged starting at step K = 3, with limited population mixing. The results confirmed the morphological and genetic differences between P. tenella and P. ledebouriana and described the level of genetic variation for P. ledebouriana. The study’s results proved that the steppe zone and mountain altitude factor between P. tenella and isolated mountain samples of P. ledebouriana.
Exploring the Dynamics of Student Perception of Administrative and Support Services in Higher Education
Authors: Emmanuel Samuel Hayatu 
Published: January 2024

This research provides a comprehensive understanding of international students' experiences in Philippine HEIs, offering valuable insights for institutions to enhance administrative services and support mechanisms for this diverse demographic. This mixed-methods study delved into the dynamics of international students' experiences in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines, with focus on visa application, admission, enrolment, instructional delivery, awareness of support services, satisfaction levels, and coping mechanisms. Drawing insights from 234 international students across two universities in Baguio City, the findings underscore the positive perceptions of students in critical areas. Notably, the visa application, admission, enrolment efficiency, and instructional delivery all received strong agreement, indicating a high level of satisfaction among the international student population. A nuanced awareness pattern emerges, with a notable discrepancy between traditional support services (such as library materials and medical services) and online services (including networking events and free campus internet). While the overall satisfaction with support services is evident, the dissatisfaction with free campus internet services stands out as a specific concern. The findings indicate a diversity of strategies, from self-care and positive reframing to engagement with social media and seeking guidance from teachers and school counsellors used as coping strategies utilized by students. However, the prevalence of entertainment-focused coping mechanisms, such as watching movies and television, signals the importance of a holistic approach to student well-being beyond academic support. Institutions are recommended to focus on refining communication strategies for online services and addressing specific concerns raised by students. Additionally, fostering a supportive environment that recognizes and accommodates the diverse needs of international students is crucial.
Effects of Climate Change and Phenological Monitoring of the Indigenous Godello Variety in a Territory of Heroic Viticulture and Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Fernandez-Conde Mª Eva , Bisarya Dipti , Taglinao Liwayway Perlado , Cortiñas J. Antonio 
Published: January 2024

In the year 2023, the phenological behaviour of the indigenous Godello variety of vineyard was evaluated at Souto Chao, located in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula, which is a wine-growing region and considered as the place of Designation of Origin (Ribeira Sacra DO). In 2017 and 2018, a similar study was carried out on the same plants of Godello variety, but this latest study aimed to ascertain the nature and extent of changes in the crop’s phenology within the timeframe between the initial two years analysed (2017 and 2018) and the present year, 2023. The scale used for study was the one proposed by the BBCH of Lorenz. The average length of the vegetative cycle in the initial two years was 167 days (161 and 174 days in 2017 and 2018, respectively), while in 2023 it was 164 days. The results obtained show a longer vegetative cycle in 2018, with significant differences between the beginning and end of the different phenological phases. Of the three years analysed, 2018 stands out showing a significant deviation from the average. Moreover, there is a close relationship between the phenological behaviour of the Godello variety and certain climatic parameters. Temperature is the most decisive factor, specifically the average annual minimum temperature, which was lower in 2018. In addition, the highest thermal requirements were observed in that same year, with figures slightly above 5200 GDD. As for the historical harvest dates, there are only two recorded years in which the grape harvest took place in August, namely in 2017 and 2023. In this geographical region, the grape harvest, with the exception of the two years mentioned above, usually takes place in September, as was the case in 2018. The vulnerability of viticulture to climate change depends on the magnitude of the impacts. Global warming is the great challenge for the wine business and will force changes in vineyard management to curb its most damaging effects. Its most obvious effects, such as the rise in average global temperature or the decrease and redistribution of rainfall, increasingly in the form of occasional and intense storms, have gone from perception to certainty.
Graded styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Ikeda Yuko 
Published: November 2002

AbstractStyrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates with graded network chain densities were prepared by a conventional method of rubber science and technology. The characteristics of the gradient and gradient direction of the network chain density were examined from the perspective of the mechanical properties of the graded SBR vulcanizates. In the matrix of the graded SBR vulcanizates, silica particles were generated in situ, and the tensile properties were investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polm Sci 87:61–67, 2003
Correlation of renal tubular epithelial cell–derived interleukin‐18 up‐regulation with disease activity in MRL‐Faslpr mice with autoimmune lupus nephritis
Authors: Faust Justus , Menke Julia , Kriegsmann Jörg , Kelley Vicki Rubin , Mayet Werner J. , Galle Peter R. , Schwarting Andreas 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveMRL‐Faslpr mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease that mimics systemic lupus erythematosus in humans. Infiltrating T cells expressing interferon‐γ (IFNγ) are responsible for the autoimmune kidney destruction in MRL‐Faslpr mice, and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) released by mononuclear phagocytes stimulates T cells to produce the IFNγ. Since MRL‐Faslpr T cells are characterized by an overexpression of the IL‐18 receptor accessory chain, we sought to determine the impact of IL‐18 on the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL‐Faslpr mice.MethodsIL‐18 expression in sera and kidney tissues from MRL‐Faslpr mice was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. IL‐18 production by primary cultured tubular epithelial cells (TECs) from MRL‐Faslpr and BALB/c mice were examined by RT‐PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. The interactions of TEC‐derived IL‐18 and MRL‐Faslpr T cells were studied in coculture assays. IL‐18–related effects on TEC viability and adhesion molecule expression were determined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and cell proliferation assays.ResultsUp‐regulation of mature IL‐18 was restricted to nephritic MRL‐Faslpr kidneys and increased in parallel with the severity of lupus nephritis. IL‐18 expression was not confined to infiltrating monocytes but was primarily detected in TECs. Similarly, interleukin‐1β–converting enzyme expression, which is required for the processing of precursor IL‐18, was localized in TECs. De novo synthesis of IL‐18 by MRL‐Faslpr TECs was confirmed by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Functional assays revealed that activated TECs induced IFNγ production in MRL‐Faslpr T cells through IL‐18. IL‐18, in turn, increased apoptotic TEC death and up‐regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.ConclusionTaken together, our findings suggest that IL‐18–producing TECs may directly be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Spinal adenosine receptor activation inhibits inflammation and joint destruction in rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis
Authors: Boyle David L. , Moore James , Yang Li , Sorkin Linda S. , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of spinal cord adenosine (Ado) receptor stimulation on rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA).MethodsLong‐term intrathecal (IT) catheters were implanted into rats to provide spinal access for drug delivery. Animals were immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant at the tail base. Eight days later and every other day thereafter until day 20, rats were treated IT with the selective Ado A1 receptor agonist cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) or vehicle. In some experiments, animals received an additional daily intraperitoneal injection of the nonselective Ado antagonist theophylline. Paw swelling was measured by water displacement plethysmometry. The effect of IT CHA on the activation of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) was determined by electromobility shift assay. Spinal cord c‐Fos expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsSpinal CHA significantly inhibited inflammation in AIA, with a mean ± SEM 20.9 ± 16.9% increase in paw swelling in the IT CHA group compared with 81.3 ± 10.6% in the saline group. The antiinflammatory effect of CHA was mediated through Ado receptors since the effect was reversed by coadministration of systemic theophylline. In addition, radiographs showed significantly less bone and cartilage destruction in the CHA‐treated animals. Synovial expression of AP‐1, which is a key regulator of metalloproteinase expression, was lower in IT CHA–treated animals. C‐Fos expression was localized to spinal laminae I–VI, with a modest decrease observed in the superficial laminae in IT CHA–treated rats.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that the spinal cord can regulate peripheral inflammation. Therapeutic strategies that target the central nervous system might be useful in arthritis.
Association of baseline levels of markers of bone and cartilage degradation with long‐term progression of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Garnero Patrick , Landewé Robert , Boers Maarten , Verhoeven Arco , Van Der Linden Sjef , Christgau Stephan , Van Der Heijde Désirée , Boonen Annelies , Geusens Piet 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe known risk factors for radiologic progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not optimally discriminative in patients with early disease who do not have evidence of radiologic damage. We sought to determine whether urinary C‐terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I (CTX‐I) and type II (CTX‐II) collagen (markers of bone and cartilage destruction, respectively) are associated with long‐term radiologic progression in patients with early RA.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 110 patients with early RA who were participating in the COBRA (Combinatietherapie Bij Reumatoïde Artritis) clinical trial and followup study, a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of oral pulse prednisolone, methotrexate, plus sulfasalazine with sulfasalazine alone. We investigated the relationship between baseline levels of urinary CTX‐I and CTX‐II and the mean annual progression of joint destruction over a median of 4 years, as measured by changes in the modified Sharp score (average of 2 independent readers).ResultsIn multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline urinary CTX‐I and CTX‐II levels in the highest tertile were the strongest predictors of radiologic progression (Sharp score increase >2 units/year; odds ratio 7.9 and 11.2, respectively), independently of treatment group, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, rheumatoid factor (RF), and baseline joint damage (Sharp score). The likelihood ratios for a positive test were 3.8 and 8.0 for CTX‐I and CTX‐II, respectively, which compared favorably with the likelihood ratios for the ESR (3.0), baseline joint damage (1.6), and RF (1.8). When patients were grouped according to the presence (Sharp score ≥4, n = 49) and absence (Sharp score <4, n = 61) of joint damage at baseline, CTX‐I and CTX‐II levels were predictive only in those without baseline joint damage (odds ratio 14.9 and 25.7, respectively).ConclusionHigh baseline levels of urinary CTX‐I and CTX‐II independently predict an increased risk of radiologic progression over 4 years in patients with early RA, especially those without radiologic joint damage. Urinary CTX‐I and CTX‐II may be useful for identifying individual RA patients at high risk of progression very early in the disease, before erosions can be detected radiographically. Such patients may be in special need of treatments that inhibit bone and cartilage degradation.
Total assignment of NMR spectral lines of synthesized mono‐ and diacyl derivatives of diosgenyl saponins
Authors: Li M. , Han X. W. , Liu X. M. , Yu B. , Xing G. W. , Hui Y. Z. , Bao X. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIdentification was made of a series of synthesized mono‐ and diacyl derivatives of diosgenyl saponins at various positions of the sugars. The complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectral lines were achieved by careful analysis of their homo‐ and heteronuclear two‐dimensional NMR spectra. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.