bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Superheat on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-7Si-2Fe Alloy
Authors: Mathew James , Williams Mark A , Srirangam Prakash 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecycling of aluminum (Al) alloys is critical to meet the demands of global net zero emission targets. The major challenge in the recycling of Al alloys is the presence of a higher content of iron as an impurity in Al alloy scraps, which deteriorates the mechanical properties of recycled alloys. In the present work, Al-7%Si alloys and Al-7%Si-2Fe alloys were cast at three different superheat temperatures to study the effect of superheat on the formation of iron intermetallic particles in these alloys. Microstructure–mechanical properties correlations were carried out using SEM-EDS and tensile testing of the alloys. 3D x-ray computed tomography (XCT) results show that the β-phase intermetallic particles were observed to be large and platelet-shaped in the Al-7Si-2Fe alloy cast at 700°C, while these particles appeared to be finer and uniformly distributed throughout the sample in the alloy cast at 900°C. XCT results show the presence of large shrinkage porosity in the Al-7Si-2Fe alloy cast at 700°C, due to the presence of large intermetallic particles which hinder the flow of molten metal during solidification of the alloys. Tensile test results show that the addition of 2% iron resulted in a significant reduction in the elongation of the alloy at all superheat temperatures.
Kinetic modeling of phenolic compounds extraction from nutshells: influence of particle size, temperature and solvent ratio
Authors: Dulo Benson , De Somer Tobias , Moyo Mqondisi , Nakyese Eva , Githaiga John , Raes Katleen , De Meester Steven 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of particle size, temperature and ethanol–water solvent ratio on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from peanut, coconut, and macadamia nutshells. Using an I-optimal design, the maximum TPC extraction obtained from the shells ranged from 63.5 ± 1.6 to 76.2 ± 3.1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g dry weight (dw) of nutshell. Next, a response surface model (RSM) was developed to describe the relationship between the process parameters and the extracted TPC concentration, in order to predict the optimal extraction conditions. For all of the examined biomasses, the optimal conditions for extraction were predicted at a particle size of 1 mm, temperature of 75 °C and ethanol/water mixture of 54, 53 and 65% ethanol, for peanut, coconut and macadamia nutshells respectively. Particle size seems to be the most important parameter, while temperature appears to be of lesser importance. Besides, the extraction kinetics were assessed by fitting kinetic models on the experimental data. The combined second-order diffusional model provided the best goodness of fit. This model revealed that, at the boundary layer, the effect of washing mechanism of extraction is more important than extraction due to diffusion kinetics. This study provides an understanding of the mass transfer mechanism involved in the TPC extraction process from nutshells, which yields valuable insights that could facilitate the industrial biorefinery of nutshells.
Graphical Abstract
Intergenerational Transmission of Trust in Criminal Justice Authorities Among Late Adolescents in the Netherlands
Authors: Nivette Amy , de Weegh Amina op , Jaspers Eva 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRelationships with parents, teachers, and peers can expose youth to different types of authority and legal orientations. In particular, parents are expected to play a key role in shaping youth’s perceptions of authority, as they are considered the primary agents of socialization throughout childhood and adolescence. However, few have directly assessed the intergenerational transmission of trust in authorities from parent to child and the mechanisms by which transmission is more or less effective. The current study assesses to what extent parental trust in criminal justice authorities (i.e., police and judges) is associated with trust in criminal justice authorities among a diverse sample of young adults in the Netherlands. Drawing from research on socialization and youth development, we also evaluate to what extent the quality of relationship with the parent conditions the degree of intergenerational transmission of trust in criminal justice authorities. Overall, we found that parental trust in criminal justice authorities measured when the youth were aged 19–20 was positively related to youth trust 1 year later. The quality of the relationship between parents and children was not directly related to youths’ trust in authorities, and for the most part did not moderate the effect of parent trust on youth trust.
The influence of discipline abstractness on student satisfaction in the ICT field: a study of chinese universities’ inter-disciplinary construal levels
Authors: Malik Tariq H. , Sun Chenxi , Zhang Gao-Yuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInformation and communication technology (ICT) has witnessed a surge in student enrolment and publications, reflecting its increasing demand and supply. However, the literature has largely overlooked the wellbeing and satisfaction of students pursuing ICT education. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining students’ satisfaction levels in response to abstract and concrete disciplines within the ICT field across Chinese universities. Drawing upon a sample of 893 universities based on 31 disciplines and spanning 31 provinces, the authors employ a multilevel mixed-method approach. With a dataset of 3,507 observations, self-reported surveys were conducted to gauge student satisfaction. The findings of this study reveal that abstract disciplines in the ICT field contribute to higher levels of student satisfaction compared to concrete disciplines across Chinese universities. These results highlight the importance of considering the abstract-concrete dimension in shaping students’ educational experiences and overall satisfaction within the ICT field. This study provides valuable insights for educational institutions, policymakers, and stakeholders in the ICT education domain to enhance students’ wellbeing and satisfaction. By recognising the impact of discipline abstractness on student satisfaction, universities can tailor their programs and curricula to meet students’ evolving needs and preferences, ultimately fostering a more positive and fulfilling educational environment in the ICT field across Chinese universities.
The Role of Glacier Erosion in Riverine Particulate Organic Carbon Export
Authors: Behnke Megan I. , Fellman Jason B. , Nagorski Sonia , Spencer Robert G. M. , Hood Eran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiospheric particulate organic carbon (POCbio) burial and rock petrogenic particulate organic carbon (POCpetro) oxidation are opposing long‐term controls on the global carbon cycle, sequestering and releasing carbon, respectively. Here, we examine how watershed glacierization impacts the POC source by assessing the concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C and Δ14C) of POC exported from four watersheds with 0%–49% glacier coverage across a melt season in Southeast Alaska. We used two mixing models (age‐weight percent and dual carbon isotope) to calculate concentrations of POCbio and POCpetro within the bulk POC pool. The fraction POCpetro contribution was highest in the heavily glacierized watershed (age‐weight percent: 0.39 ± 0.05; dual isotope: 0.42 (0.37–0.47)), demonstrating a glacial source of POCpetro to fjords. POCpetro was mobilized via glacier melt and subglacial flow, while POCbio was largely flushed from the non‐glacierized landscape by rain. Flow normalized POCbio concentrations exceeded POCpetro concentrations for all streams, but surprisingly were highest in the heavily glacierized watershed (mean: 0.70 mgL−1; range 0.16–1.41 mgL−1), suggesting that glacier rivers can contribute substantial POCbio to coastal waters. Further, the most heavily glacierized watershed had the highest sediment concentration (207 mgL−1; 7–708 mgL−1), and thus may facilitate long‐term POCbio protection via sediment burial in glacier‐dominated fjords. Our results suggest that continuing glacial retreat will decrease POC concentrations and increase POCbio:POCpetro exported from currently glacierized watersheds. Glacier retreat may thus decrease carbon storage in marine sediments and provide a positive feedback mechanism to climate change that is sensitive to future changes in POCpetro oxidation.
Global ULF Waves Excited by Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Impulses: 2. The Spatial Distribution Asymmetry
Authors: Xie Zi‐Kang , Zong Q. G. , Ren Jie , Yue Chao , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Hu Ze‐Jun , Li Xing‐Yu , Yan Yun , Yin Ze‐Fan , Li Li , Gjerloev J. W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAsymmetry is a prevalent characteristic in numerous space physics phenomena. In this study, we investigate the statistical properties and spatial variations of ultra‐low frequency power globally after positive dynamic pressure pulses, utilizing high‐resolution magnetic field data from SuperMAG between 2012 and 2019. Specifically, we focus on the dawn‐dusk and north‐south asymmetries of Pc2‐5 fluctuations. Our analysis reveals that the power enhancement in the Pc2 band at approximately 30° magnetic latitude (MLAT) in the southern hemisphere is attributable to the South Atlantic Anomaly region. At MLAT ≈ 15°, the power of Pc3‐5 waves in both hemispheres exhibits a local minimum, which is associated with the strong coupling of compressional and Alfvén waves. Moreover, around MLAT = 60°, the dawnside Pc5 wave power exceeds that on the duskside when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is westward, and the result is reversed when the IMF is eastward. Notably, Pc3‐5 wave power from MLAT = 30° to MLAT = 75° in the northern hemisphere is generally higher than that in the southern hemisphere. In regions with MLAT > 75°, which corresponds to the polar cap between 0 and 15 magnetic local time, the power of Pc3 pulsations is higher during summer in the northern hemisphere and higher during winter in the southern hemisphere. These findings underscore the significant role of the solar wind and the IMF in controlling geomagnetic pulsations and further deepen our understanding of the coupling between fluctuations in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere.
HMGB1 induces hepcidin upregulation in astrocytes and causes an acute iron surge and subsequent ferroptosis in the postischemic brain
Authors: Davaanyam Dashdulam , Lee Hahnbi , Seol Song-I , Oh Sang-A , Kim Seung-Woo , Lee Ja-Kyeong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDysregulation of brain iron levels causes functional disturbances and damages neurons. Hepcidin (a peptide hormone) plays a principal role in regulating intracellular iron levels by modulating ferroportin (FPN, the only known iron exporter) through triggering its internalization and lysosomal degradation. We observed a significant and rapid iron surge in the cortices of ischemic hemispheres at 3 h after cerebral ischemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) that was maintained until 4 d post-MCAO. We showed upregulation of hepcidin expression in the brain as early as 3 h post-MCAO, mainly in astrocytes, and significant hepcidin accumulation in serum from 6 h post-MCAO, and these inductions were maintained for 1 day and 7 days, respectively. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a prototypic danger-associated molecular pattern, accumulates markedly after transient MCAO and plays critical roles in damage aggravation via its proinflammatory effects. Here, we demonstrated that treatment with recombinant HMGB1 stimulated astrocytes to induce hepcidin expression in a TLR4- and CXCR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, hepcidin-mediated intracellular iron accumulation in neurons was confirmed by an experiment using N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-conditioned medium-treated primary astrocytes and fresh primary cortical neurons treated with hepcidin-containing astrocyte-conditioned medium. Moreover, HMGB1-mediated local hepcidin upregulation and subsequent local iron surge were found to cause ferroptosis in the postischemic brain, which was suppressed by the functional blocking of HMGB1 using intranasally administered HMGB1 A box or anti-HMGB1 antibody. These findings show that HMGB1 serves as a ferroptosis inducer by upregulating hepcidin in astrocytes and thus aggravates acute damage in the postischemic brain.
D-mannose is a rapid inducer of ACSS2 to trigger rapid and long-lasting antidepressant responses through augmenting BDNF and TPH2 levels
Authors: Chen Nuo , Zhao Ming , Guo Yaxin , Wu Nan , Cao Baihui , Zhan Bing , Zhou Tian , Li Yubin , Zhu Faliang , Chen WanJun , Li Yan , Zhang Lining 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe potentiation of synaptic plasticity and serotonin generation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is well characterized to facilitate rapid and long-lasting antidepressant actions. Therefore, the identification of the key protein that simultaneously controls both BDNF and TPH2 is important for the treatment of depression. We show here that a lack of acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) causes impairments in BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2)-mediated serotonin generation, thereby contributing to spontaneous and chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Conversely, D-mannose is identified as a rapid ACSS2 inducer and thus mediates rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects. Mechanistically, acute and chronic D-mannose administration inhibits the phosphorylation of EF2 to increase BDNF levels and reverse the reduction of TPH2 histone acetylation and transcription. We reveal that ACSS2 promotes TPH2 histone acetylation and transcription with the requirement of AMPK activation. To elevate nuclear ACSS2 levels, D-mannose can rapidly and persistently activate AMPK via Ca2+-CAMKK2 and the lysosomal AXIN-LKB1 pathway to facilitate its fast-acting and persistent antidepressant responses. Taken together, the results presented here reveal that ACSS2 functions as a novel target to link rapid and persistent antidepressant actions and further suggest that D-mannose is a potential therapeutic agent to resist depression through its augmentation of the ACSS2 dependent BDNF and TPH2 pathways.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts actively compress cancer cells and modulate mechanotransduction
Authors: Barbazan Jorge , Pérez-González Carlos , Gómez-González Manuel , Dedenon Mathieu , Richon Sophie , Latorre Ernest , Serra Marco , Mariani Pascale , Descroix Stéphanie , Sens Pierre , Trepat Xavier , Vignjevic Danijela Matic 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring tumor progression, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) accumulate in tumors and produce an excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), forming a capsule that enwraps cancer cells. This capsule acts as a barrier that restricts tumor growth leading to the buildup of intratumoral pressure. Combining genetic and physical manipulations in vivo with microfabrication and force measurements in vitro, we found that the CAFs capsule is not a passive barrier but instead actively compresses cancer cells using actomyosin contractility. Abrogation of CAFs contractility in vivo leads to the dissipation of compressive forces and impairment of capsule formation. By mapping CAF force patterns in 3D, we show that compression is a CAF-intrinsic property independent of cancer cell growth. Supracellular coordination of CAFs is achieved through fibronectin cables that serve as scaffolds allowing force transmission. Cancer cells mechanosense CAF compression, resulting in an altered localization of the transcriptional regulator YAP and a decrease in proliferation. Our study unveils that the contractile capsule actively compresses cancer cells, modulates their mechanical signaling, and reorganizes tumor morphology.
Recognition and reprogramming of E3 ubiquitin ligase surfaces by α-helical peptides
Authors: Tokareva Olena S. , Li Kunhua , Travaline Tara L. , Thomson Ty M. , Swiecicki Jean-Marie , Moussa Mahmoud , Ramirez Jessica D. , Litchman Sean , Verdine Gregory L. , McGee John H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMolecules that induce novel interactions between proteins hold great promise for the study of biological systems and the development of therapeutics, but their discovery has been limited by the complexities of rationally designing interactions between three components, and because known binders to each protein are typically required to inform initial designs. Here, we report a general and rapid method for discovering α-helically constrained (Helicon) polypeptides that cooperatively induce the interaction between two target proteins without relying on previously known binders or an intrinsic affinity between the proteins. We show that Helicons are capable of binding every major class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are of great biological and therapeutic interest but remain largely intractable to targeting by small molecules. We then describe a phage-based screening method for discovering “trimerizer” Helicons, and apply it to reprogram E3s to cooperatively bind an enzyme (PPIA), a transcription factor (TEAD4), and a transcriptional coactivator (β-catenin).
Charge-altering releasable transporters enhance mRNA delivery in vitro and exhibit in vivo tropism
Authors: Li Zhijian , Amaya Laura , Pi Ruoxi , Wang Sean K. , Ranjan Alok , Waymouth Robert M. , Blish Catherine A. , Chang Howard Y. , Wender Paul A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe introduction of more effective and selective mRNA delivery systems is required for the advancement of many emerging biomedical technologies including the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, immunotherapies for cancer and strategies for genome editing. While polymers and oligomers have served as promising mRNA delivery systems, their efficacy in hard-to-transfect cells such as primary T lymphocytes is often limited as is their cell and organ tropism. To address these problems, considerable attention has been placed on structural screening of various lipid and cation components of mRNA delivery systems. Here, we disclose a class of charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) that differ from previous CARTs based on their beta-amido carbonate backbone (bAC) and side chain spacing. These bAC-CARTs exhibit enhanced mRNA transfection in primary T lymphocytes in vitro and enhanced protein expression in vivo with highly selective spleen tropism, supporting their broader therapeutic use as effective polyanionic delivery systems.
Regulation of symbiotic interactions and primitive lichen differentiation by UMP1 MAP kinase in Umbilicaria muhlenbergii
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Li Rong , Wang Diwen , Qian Ben , Bian Zhuyun , Wei Jiangchun , Wei Xinli , Xu Jin-Rong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLichens are of great ecological importance but mechanisms regulating lichen symbiosis are not clear. Umbilicaria muhlenbergii is a lichen-forming fungus amenable to molecular manipulations and dimorphic. Here, we established conditions conducive to symbiotic interactions and lichen differentiation and showed the importance of UMP1 MAP kinase in lichen development. In the initial biofilm-like symbiotic complexes, algal cells were interwoven with pseudohyphae covered with extracellular matrix. After longer incubation, fungal-algal complexes further differentiated into primitive lichen thalli with a melanized cortex-like and pseudoparenchyma-like tissues containing photoactive algal cells. Mutants deleted of UMP1 were blocked in pseudohyphal growth and development of biofilm-like complexes and primitive lichens. Invasion of dividing mother cells that contributes to algal layer organization in lichens was not observed in the ump1 mutant. Overall, these results showed regulatory roles of UMP1 in symbiotic interactions and lichen development and suitability of U. muhlenbergii as a model for studying lichen symbiosis.
Deep temporal networks for EEG-based motor imagery recognition
Authors: Sharma Neha , Upadhyay Avinash , Sharma Manoj , Singhal Amit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electroencephalogram (EEG) based motor imagery (MI) signal classification, also known as motion recognition, is a highly popular area of research due to its applications in robotics, gaming, and medical fields. However, the problem is ill-posed as these signals are non-stationary and noisy. Recently, a lot of efforts have been made to improve MI signal classification using a combination of signal decomposition and machine learning techniques but they fail to perform adequately on large multi-class datasets. Previously, researchers have implemented long short-term memory (LSTM), which is capable of learning the time-series information, on the MI-EEG dataset for motion recognition. However, it can not model very long-term dependencies present in the motion recognition data. With the advent of transformer networks in natural language processing (NLP), the long-term dependency issue has been widely addressed. Motivated by the success of transformer algorithms, in this article, we propose a transformer-based deep learning neural network architecture that performs motion recognition on the raw BCI competition III IVa and IV 2a datasets. The validation results show that the proposed method achieves superior performance than the existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method produces classification accuracy of 99.7% and 84% on the binary class and the multi-class datasets, respectively. Further, the performance of the proposed transformer-based model is also compared with LSTM.
Comparing P53 expression and genome-wide transcriptome profiling to Comet assay in lymphocytes from melanoma patients and healthy controls
Authors: Najafzadeh Mojgan , Naeem Parisa , Ghaderi Nader , Jafarinejad Shohreh , Karimi Zahra , Ghaderi Mehran , Akhbari Pouria , Ghaderi Rojan , Farsi Pedram , Wright Andrew , Anderson Diana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study compared the expression of TP53 in lymphocytes from malignant melanoma (MM) patients with positive sentinel nodes to healthy controls (HCs) following exposure to various doses of UVA radiation. The Lymphocyte Genome Sensitivity (LGS) assay indicated significant differences in DNA damage in lymphocytes between MM patients and HCs. qPCR data demonstrated an overall 3.4-fold increase in TP53 expression in lymphocytes from MM patients compared to healthy controls, following treatment with 0.5 mW/cm2 UVA radiation. Western blotting confirmed that p53 expression was increased in MM lymphocytes following UVA exposure compared to healthy individuals. Genome transcriptome profiling data displayed differences in gene expression between UVA-treated lymphocytes from MM patients and HCs. Peripheral lymphocytes from MM patients are more susceptible to the genotoxic effects of UVA compared to healthy individuals. Our previous studies showed that UVA exposure of various intensities caused significant differences in the levels of DNA damage between lymphocytes from cancer patients compared to HCs through the LGS assay. The present study’s results provide further credibility to the LGS assay as a screening test for cancer detection. Peripheral lymphocytes could be a promising blood biopsy biomarker for staging of carcinomas and prevention of carcinoma progression at early stages.