bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Mesozoic Exhumation of the Huangling Massif: Constraints on the Evolution of the Middle Yangtze River
Authors: SU Jianchao , LIN Xu , LI Chang'an , MARC Jolivet , WU Lin , CHENG Feng , DENG Bin , WU Zhonghai , CHEN Xiaokang , HU Chengwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlate subduction leads to complex exhumation processes on continents. The Huangling Massif lies at the northern margin of the South China Block. Whether the Huangling Massif was exhumed as a watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo‐Yangtze River during the Mesozoic remains under debate. We examined the exhumation history of the Huangling Massif based on six granite bedrock samples, using apatite fission track (AFT) and apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He (AHe and ZHe) thermochronology. These samples yielded ages of 157–132 Ma (ZHe), 119–106 Ma (AFT), and 114–72 Ma (AHe), respectively. Thermal modeling revealed that three phases of rapid cooling occurred during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, late Early Cretaceous, and Late Cretaceous. These exhumation processes led to the high topographic relief responsible for the emergence of the Huangling Massif. The integrated of our new data with published sedimentological records suggests that the Huangling Massif might have been the watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo‐Yangtze River since the Cretaceous. At that time, the rivers flowed westward into the Sichuan Basin and eastward into the Jianghan Basin. The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Asian continent in the Mesozoic deeply influenced the geomorphic evolution of the South China Block.
Prediction markets as meta‐episteme: Artificial intelligence, forecasting tournaments, prediction markets, and economic growth
Authors: Murphy Ryan H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a speculative framework suggesting that prediction markets (or its epistemic cousins such as artificial intelligence or forecasting tournaments) may constitute a break in the expansion of human knowledge in a manner similar to the impact of the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions. Just as the scientific understanding of the natural world facilitated the development of useful technologies to move far faster than what is allowed by blind evolution and tinkering, tools such as prediction markets allow for scientific knowledge to move faster than its current evolutionary process. The intellectual bases for these tools, such as the interpretation of probabilities as bets, are relatively recent additions to human knowledge, which may have significant implications for how we evaluate past thinkers, versus what is now possible or may be possible in the future.
Preservation of pulsatility with universal ventricular assist device: In vitro assessment for biventricular support
Authors: Kuroda Taiyo , Miyagi Chihiro , Polakowski Anthony R. , Flick Christine R. , Kuban Barry D. , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Karimov Jamshid H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the pulsatility preservation capability of the universal ventricular assist device (UVAD) when used as a biventricular assist device (BVAD). This evaluation was conducted through an in vitro experiment, utilizing a pulsatile biventricular circulatory mock loop.MethodsTwo UVAD pumps were tested in a dual setup (BVAD) in the circulatory model with the simulated conditions of left heart failure (HF), right HF, and moderate/severe biventricular HF (BHF). The total flow, aortic pulse pressure, the pulse augmentation factor (PAF), the energy‐equivalent pressure (EEP), and the surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) were observed at various pump speeds to evaluate the pulsatility.ResultsThe aortic pulse pressure increased from the baseline (without pump) in all simulated hemodynamic conditions. The PAF ranged from 17%–35% in healthy, left HF, right HF, and mild BHF conditions, with the highest PAF of 90% being observed in the severe BHF condition. The EEP correlated with LVAD flow in all groups (R2 = 0.87–0.97) and increased from the baseline in all cases. The SHE peaked at approximately 5–6 L/min of LVAD support and was likely to decrease at higher LVAD pump flow. The largest decrease in SHE from the baseline, 53%, was observed in the mild BHF conditions with the highest LVAD and RVAD support.ConclusionsThe UVAD successfully demonstrated the ability to preserve pulsatility in vitro, and to optimize the cardiac output, as an isolated circulatory support device option (RVAD or LVAD) and when used for BVAD support.
Comparison of disease severity in glaucoma patients identified by screening in the 1990s and in routine clinical care in the 2010s in Sweden
Authors: Bengtsson B. , Villalba C. , Peters D. , Aspberg J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn a previous study comparing the amount of visual field damage at presentation in patients having open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) identified through screening and in patients diagnosed in routine clinical practice in the 1990s, the damage was considerably worse in the clinically diagnosed patients. In the present study we compare visual field damage at presentation in the same 402 screened patients with that seen in 281 newly detected previously untreated patients clinically diagnosed in the 2010s.MethodsThe perimetric visual field index mean deviation (MD) was compared in the two groups of patients.ResultsIn the clinical patients diagnosed with bilateral visual field damage the median MD was −5.1 dB in the better eye and −13.0 dB in the worse eye. In the screened patients the median MD in the better eye was −6.5 dB and −11.5 dB in the worse eye. The differences between the clinical and screened patients were non‐significant, p = 0.28 and p = 0.67 respectively. More clinical patients had severe visual field loss, defined as MD less than −20 dB, in the worse eye than in the screened patients, 18.5% versus 12.7% respectively, p = 0.037.ConclusionThe visual field damage at presentation in clinically diagnosed OAG patients has improved in the past 20 years, but the proportion of patients with severe visual field loss in at least one eye, almost 20%, is still unacceptably high considering that severe visual field damage at presentation is the most important risk factor for later development of glaucoma blindness.
Creative music therapy for long‐term neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants: Results of a feasibility trial
Authors: Haslbeck Friederike B. , Adams Mark , Schmidli Lars , Bassler Dirk , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Natalucci Giancarlo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimWe tested the feasibility of a future randomised clinical trial (RCT) in which Creative Music Therapy (CMT), a family‐integrating individualised approach in neonatal care, could improve neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants (EPTs).MethodsIn this feasibility trial, 12 EPTs received CMT, while the remaining 19 received standard neonatal care. Socio‐demographic data and perinatal complications were compared between groups as risk factors. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at 2‐year follow‐up (FU2) and KABC‐II‐Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children at 5‐year follow‐up (FU5) were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U‐tests.ResultsTwenty‐seven (87.1%) and 18 (58.1%) EPTs attended the FU2 and FU5 examination, respectively. The rate of neurodevelopmental risk factors at birth of the two groups was quite similar. While there was no difference in the FU2 outcomes between groups, there were higher values in the CMT group's Fluid‐Crystallised Index of the KABC‐II.ConclusionOur results indicate neither a beneficial nor a detrimental effect of CMT on neurodevelopment at 2 years but a trend of improved cognitive outcomes at 5 years more similar to cognitive scores of term‐born infants than of standard treatment EPTs. The findings favour an RCT but must be interpreted cautiously due to the reduced sample size and non‐randomised design.
24‐Hour movement behaviors and executive functions in preschoolers: A compositional and isotemporal reallocation analysis
Authors: Lau Patrick W. C. , Song Huiqi , Song Di , Wang Jing‐Jing , Zhen Shanshan , Shi Lei , Yu Rongjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study explored the relationship between 24‐hour movement behaviors and executive function (EF) in preschool children. A total of 426 Han Chinese preschoolers (231 males; 3.8 ± 0.6 years old) from Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China were selected from October 2021 to December 2021. Accelerometers were used to measure physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), while sleep duration was obtained via a parent‐report questionnaire. Components of EF (cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory) were assessed using computerized behavioral tasks. The daily composition was significantly associated with inhibitory control and working memory. Inhibitory control improvements were linked to the addition of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at the expense of SB and sleep. The reallocation between MVPA, SB, sleep, and light physical activity yielded a significant association with working memory.
Auxiliary Features‐Guided Super Resolution for Monte Carlo Rendering
Authors: Hou Qiqi , Liu Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates super‐resolution to reduce the number of pixels to render and thus speed up Monte Carlo rendering algorithms. While great progress has been made to super‐resolution technologies, it is essentially an ill‐posed problem and cannot recover high‐frequency details in renderings. To address this problem, we exploit high‐resolution auxiliary features to guide super‐resolution of low‐resolution renderings. These high‐resolution auxiliary features can be quickly rendered by a rendering engine and at the same time provide valuable high‐frequency details to assist super‐resolution. To this end, we develop a cross‐modality transformer network that consists of an auxiliary feature branch and a low‐resolution rendering branch. These two branches are designed to fuse high‐resolution auxiliary features with the corresponding low‐resolution rendering. Furthermore, we design Residual Densely Connected Swin Transformer groups to learn to extract representative features to enable high‐quality super‐resolution. Our experiments show that our auxiliary features‐guided super‐resolution method outperforms both super‐resolution methods and Monte Carlo denoising methods in producing high‐quality renderings.
The effect of triangular cross‐section neck design on crestal bone stability in the anterior mandible: A retrospective study with a 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Tokuc Berkay , Kan Bahadır 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study, which included a 5‐year follow‐up, was to compare peri‐implant soft tissue health, crestal bone loss (CBL), and buccal bone thickness (BBT) around triangular cross‐section neck (TN) or round neck (RN) implants, using cone‐beam computed tomography.Materials and MethodsThis study was initially designed as a prospective 1‐year randomized controlled study and then extended with a 5‐year retrospective evaluation of clinical and radiographic records. In the initial 1‐year study, a total of 20edentulous patients receiving 40 implants with similar diameters were randomly assigned to the RN or TN groups using a split‐mouth design. Pocket probing depths (PPD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at postoperative month 12. CBL and BBT at three levels (0, −2, and −4 mm) were evaluated 1 year after insertion. Five years after insertion, PPD, PI, GI, CBL, and BBT were recorded as patients were recalled for clinical and radiographic monitoring.ResultsNineteen patients completed the study. After 5 years, no significant differences in PPD, PI, and GI scores and BBT values between the two groups (p > .05). The mean ± SD CBL values at the final follow‐up visit were −0.71 ± 0.69 mm for TN and −1.03 ± 0.86 mm for RN (p < .01).ConclusionsThese results suggest better crestal bone preservation using implants with TN when compared to RN after a 5‐year follow‐up. However, TN showed similar results to RN regarding peri‐implant soft tissue health and BBT.
The cost‐effectiveness of primary care referral to a UK commercial weight loss programme
Authors: Meads D. M. , Hulme C. T. , Hall P. , Hill A. J. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryPrimary care referral to commercial weight loss programmes that follow best practice is included in current UK guidance on the management of adult obesity. This study investigated whether such a programme was cost‐effective compared with usual care. A decision‐analytical Markov model was developed to estimate the lifetime costs and benefits of the referral programme compared with usual care and enable a cost‐utility analysis. The model cohort transited between body mass index classifications and type 2 diabetes, stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) with risk, cost and effect parameter values taken from published literature. The cost per incremental quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) was calculated. Extensive deterministic and scenario sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were conducted. At 12 months, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was £6906, indicating that programme referral was cost‐effective. Over a lifetime, referral to the commercial programme was dominant as it led to a cost saving of £924 and conferred incremental benefit (0.22 QALY) over usual care. Model simulations estimated lower lifetime rates of type 2 diabetes, stroke and MI as a result of the weight loss achieved. The results were robust to extensive sensitivity analyses. The PSA indicated that programme referral had a 68% chance of being cost‐effective at a willingness to pay per incremental QALY threshold of £20 000. Referral to the programme dominated usual care, being both cheaper and more effective. These results compare favourably with economic evaluations of other obesity interventions and add to a growing evidence base on the cost‐effectiveness of commercial weight loss providers and practices.
Dual Sec62/Ki67 immunocytochemistry of liquid‐based cytological preparations represents a highly valid biomarker for non‐invasive detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Kühn Jan Philipp , Speicher Stefanie , Linxweiler Barbara , Körner Sandrina , Rimbach Hugo , Wagner Mathias , Solomayer Erich Franz , Schick Bernhard , Linxweiler Maximilian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are frequently diagnosed in advanced stages, which limits therapeutic options and results in persistently poor patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to use liquid‐based swab cytology (LBC) in combination with dual immunocytochemical detection of migration and proliferation markers Sec62 and Ki67 in order to allow non‐invasive early detection of HNSCC as well as to analyse the diagnostic validity of this method for predicting the malignancy of suspicious oral lesions.Methods104 HNSCC patients and 28 control patients, including healthy patients (n = 17), papilloma (n = 1) and leukoplakia patients (n = 10), were included in this study. For all patients, an LBC swab followed by simultaneous immunocytochemical detection of Sec62 and Ki67 was performed. Immunocytochemical as well as cytopathological results were correlated with histological diagnoses and clinical findings.ResultsAll HNSCC patients (100%) showed dual Sec62/Ki67 positivity, and all control patients except for the papilloma patient were negative for Sec62/Ki67 (96.4%), resulting in a 100% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity of Sec62/Ki67 dual stain for non‐invasive detection of HNSCC. The positive predictive value was 99% and the negative predictive value was 100%. Sec62 expression levels showed a positive correlation with tumour de‐differentiation (p = 0.0489).ConclusionSimultaneous immunocytochemical detection of Sec62/Ki67 using LBC represents a promising non‐invasive and easy‐to‐apply tool for the early detection of HNSCC in routine clinical practice. This novel technique can help to avoid incisional biopsies and reduce the frequency with which general anaesthesia is used in diagnostic procedures in patients with suspicious oral lesions.
Designing for the Base of the Pyramid By Patrick Whitney and Anjeli Kelkar
Authors: Nussbaum Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Designing for complex systems is at the pioneering edge of the design field. Designing for the complex systems of the slums of India or Africa takes us even further. This piece by Patrick Whitney, dean of the Institute of Design (ID) at the Illinois Institute of Technology, and Anjali Kelkar, who was at that time a research associate at ID and now works for Steelcase, highlights how far we have come in creating methodologies of understanding for the field of design itself.One of the most important issues of design is social complexity. Products and services exist within deep cultural and social norms and networks. Designing without taking this context into account usually dooms the designer and the design. For over a decade now, Whitney has been leading an effort to create a systematic methodology of discovery and measurement of need and fulfillment, especially at The Base of the Pyramid. The framework is able to sift through the myriad of forces helping people poor to focus on one or two factors that can be improved and through their improvement, leverage the betterment of peoples' lives.In this article, we get a look at ID's research in India. It shows that lack of access to clean water and financial credit are two of the most important factors in keeping people poor. ID goes further and designs a new clean water delivery business model. It could service a critical need, as well as employ local people. ID has also designed a business model to provide credit to poor people at the bottom of the pyramid.Of course, this approach to design should be applied to the entire pyramid—bottom, middle, and top. The power of design needs to be applied throughout society in all societies.
The Design Challenge By Tom Peters
Authors: Solomon Ellen J. 
Published: October 2023

Though it has been more than 25 years since Tom Peters wrote about “the notion that design should be considered a valuable corporate asset,” that imperative is even more compelling today. Given both globalization and the rapid advance of technology, a major way that businesses can gain a competitive advantage is through disruptive innovation.To achieve such disruptive innovation, organizations need inspiring leaders who embrace transformational change; who hire and reward creative thinkers and risk‐takers; who create and cultivate a compelling vision that obsesses on customer‐satisfaction; who nurture a culture in which they create, reinforce, and model values in an environment that enables creativity, experimentation, prototyping, and collaboration.What Peters pointed out then is still true today: Design managers and leaders must make the business case for the strategic value of design upfront and throughout the organization so that the kind of thinking that is based on observation and other data‐gathering methods, ideation, and implementation keeps the customers front and center and contributes to the business strategy. For when both business and design leaders understand and share the mindset that design drives business value, then we can move forward with effective human‐centered solutions to complex customer, organizational, and societal issues.When Tom Peters makes the case for design as a business resource, he delivers his message with wit, clarity, and a wealth of down‐to‐earth examples. In the arena of products, he hails perception as “all there is,” and notes how design shapes perception. With respect to being close to customers—be they employees, suppliers, or consumers—design is cited as a bridge to these constituencies. And in the realm of organizational management, design is celebrated as responsive leadership, as loving change, and as being passionate about quality and detail.
Design in Business Education: A Square Peg in a Round World? By Thomas Lockwood
Authors: Nixon Natalie 
Published: October 2023

I was pleased to re‐read Tom's 2002 article for two reasons: First, because I am impressed by how spot‐on his assessment was at the time; and second, because it is no longer (completely) true. What a relief!In today's United States, programs such as the Strategic Design MBA at Philadelphia University, as well as the design MBA degrees at the California College of Art in San Francisco, the Institute of Design in Chicago, and MICA/Johns Hopkins in Baltimore are resounding proof of integrative approaches in an MBA context. Design thinking and systems thinking are interwoven into the ways these programs teach leadership, operations, marketing, and finance. Additionally, business schools such as Rotman at the University of Toronto and Darden at the University of Virginia have robust business design studios and design thinking modules. Other traditional MBA programs are at least now offering one course in design thinking, if not integrating it throughout their program; and their students, if not the faculty at large, have formed “innovation clubs”—code for “This is a safe space for creativity and design thinking.”It is no longer the rule that graduate business education draws a deep demarcation between creativity and strategy. That is a false dichotomy and, as Tom wrote, there is a “rising importance of corporate creativity.” Of course, relative to the UK, Europe, and Asia, the democratization of design in business‐school curricula is still novel. But the “gridlock of curriculum tradition” and accreditation metrics that impeded innovation in graduate business education are melting away and becoming more fluid. This is mainly because the gaps that Tom so rightly identified between design practitioners and business managers, and between industry's embrace of design thinking and academia's reluctant gaze, has been bridged by academic upstarts who are responding to the market's demand to “give us more than a SWOT analysis!”Tom concluded that it could take 10 years before business educators embraced the value of design. He was pretty close. Although it is still true that academia lags behind the current of industry, it is encouraging that there are an increasing number of tributaries in business education forging ahead.
The Miracle of Han River: Korean Government Policy and Design Management in the Motor Industry By Kyung‐Won Chung
Authors: Bencuya Sue 
Published: October 2023

If you are currently studying design or business, you surely should be learning about all the places in which they intersect. And there are a lot of people who might say that the physical intersection of design and business is currently located in Seoul, South Korea. Just read Euny Hong's bookThe Birth of Korean Cool, and you'll see what I mean.As chair of industrial design at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Kyung‐Won Chung has been a friend of DMI since its earliest days—1981, in fact, when he met Peter Lawrence, DMI's first director, at a design forum—and he has served on DMI's advisory board for 11 years. Not only is he the Seoul Metropolitan Government's chief design officer, but he is also its deputy mayor. In 2010, he oversaw Seoul's status as a World Design Capital. He also established the Korea Institute of Design Management (KIDM).I had the great pleasure of working with Dr. Chung (and his colleague Dr. Yu‐Jin Kim) on a DMI/KIDM case study of Hyundai Motor that is now available from Harvard Business School Press. DMI's case study program began in the mid‐1980s, when then‐president Earl Powell (in collaboration with Harvard Business School) commissioned more than a dozen case studies in a program directed by the late Karen Freeze, then director of research at DMI. It is safe to say that for many, many business students, these case studies provided an introduction to design and design management.“The Miracle of Han River” was written in 1993, but it still remains an excellent overview of the past (and speculation on the future) of the Korean auto industry. Read on to the end for some recently‐added commentary from Dr. Chung.