bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile and Rapid Regeneration of Free Amino Acids from N‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐5‐oxazolidinones and from N‐Benzyloxycarbonylamino Derivatives by Treatment with BCl3 in Dichloromethane.
Authors: Allevi Pietro , Cribiu Riccardo , Anastasia Mario 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions: A Simple Entry to the 1‐Aza‐2‐oxo‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydroxybicyclo[3.3.0]octane Ring System.
Authors: Roy Ashim , Roy Biswajit G. , Achari Basudeb , Mandal Sukhendu B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzylidene Acetal Fragmentation Route to 6‐Deoxy Sugars: Direct Reductive Cleavage in the Presence of Ether Protecting Groups, Permitting the Efficient, Highly Stereocontrolled Synthesis of β‐D‐Rhamnosides from D‐Mannosyl Glycosyl Donors. Total Synthesis of α‐D‐Gal‐(1→3)‐α‐D‐Rha‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Rha‐ (1→4)‐β‐D‐Glu‐OMe, the Repeating Unit of the Antigenic Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia hermannii ATCC 33650 and 33652.
Authors: Crich David , Yao Qingjia 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A boundary layer theory for diffusively perturbed transport around a heteroclinic cycle
Authors: Sowers Richard B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe consider a two‐dimensional transport equation subject to small diffusive perturbations. The transport equation is given by a Hamiltonian flow near a compact and connected heteroclinic cycle. We investigate approximately harmonic functions corresponding to the generator of the perturbed transport equation. In particular, we investigate such functions in the boundary layer near the heteroclinic cycle; the space of these functions gives information about the likelihood of a particle moving a mesoscopic distance into one of the regions where the transport equation corresponds to periodic oscillations (i.e., a “well” of the Hamiltonian). We find that we can construct such approximately harmonic functions (which can be used as “corrector functions” in certain averaging questions) when certain macroscopic “gluing conditions” are satisfied. This provides a different perspective on some previous work of Freidlin and Wentzell on stochastic averaging of Hamiltonian systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global existence for three‐dimensional incompressible isotropic elastodynamics via the incompressible limit
Authors: Sideris Thomas C. , Thomases Becca 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe existence of global‐in‐time classical solutions to the Cauchy problem for incompressible nonlinear isotropic elastodynamics for small initial displacements is proved. Solutions are constructed via approximation by slightly compressible materials. The energy for the approximate solutions remains uniformly bounded on a time scale that goes to infinity as the material approaches incompressibility. A necessary component to the long‐time existence of the approximating solution is a null or linear degeneracy condition, inherent in the isotropic case, which limits the quadratic interaction of the shear waves. The proof combines energy and decay estimates based on commuting vector fields and a compactness argument. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of DNA mismatch repair in apoptotic responses to therapeutic agents
Authors: Meyers Mark , Hwang Arlene , Wagner Mark W. , Boothman David A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDeficiencies in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) have been found in both hereditary cancer (i.e., hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) and sporadic cancers of various tissues. In addition to its primary roles in the correction of DNA replication errors and suppression of recombination, research in the last 10 years has shown that MMR is involved in many other processes, such as interaction with other DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoint regulation, and apoptosis. Indeed, a cell's MMR status can influence its response to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents, such as temozolomide (and many other methylating agents), 6‐thioguanine, cisplatin, ionizing radiation, etoposide, and 5‐fluorouracil. For this reason, identification of a tumor's MMR deficiency (as indicated by the presence of microsatellite instability) is being utilized more and more as a prognostic indicator in the clinic. Here, we describe the basic mechanisms of MMR and apoptosis and investigate the literature examining the influence of MMR status on the apoptotic response following treatment with various therapeutic agents. Furthermore, using isogenic MMR‐deficient (HCT116) and MMR‐proficient (HCT116 3‐6) cells, we demonstrate that there is no enhanced apoptosis in MMR‐proficient cells following treatment with 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine. In fact, apoptosis accounts for only a small portion of the induced cell death response. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:249–264, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The feasibility and effectiveness of brief interventions to prevent depression in older subjects: a systematic review
Authors: Cole Martin G. , Dendukuri Nandini 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the feasibility and effectiveness of brief interventions to prevent depression in older subjects.MethodMEDLINE, PsycINFO and HealthStar were searched for potentially relevant articles published from January 1966 to June 2003, January 1974 to June 2003 and January 1975 to June 2003, respectively. The bibliographies of relevant articles were searched for additional references. Ten studies met the following five inclusion criteria: original research, subjects mean age 50 years or more, controlled trial of a brief ( < 12 weeks) intervention to prevent depression, determination of depression status 12 months or more after enrolment, use of an acceptable definition of depression. The validity of studies was assessed according to six criteria. To examine feasibility we tabulated study enrolment, completion and compliance rates. To examine effectiveness we tabulated differences in depression symptom outcome scores between intervention and control groups or, when possible, absolute (ARR) and relative (RRR) risk reductions for depression.ResultsOnly two of the ten trials met all of the validity criteria. Study enrolment rates were 21 to 100% (median 72.5%); study completion rates were 46% to 100% (median 85%); compliance rates were 29% to 100% (median 87%). Five of the ten trials had positive results: in two trials there were statistically significant differences in depression symptom outcome scores favoring the intervention group; in three trials ARRs were 2.3% to 45% (median 17%); RRRs were 45% to 71% (median 61%).ConclusionsSome types of brief interventions appear to have the potential to prevent depression in older subjects. Despite the methodologic limitations of the trials and this systematic review, these findings may guide efforts to develop and evaluate brief interventions to prevent depression in this population. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the effects of Snoezelen and reminiscence therapy on the agitated behaviour of patients with dementia
Authors: Baillon Sarah , Van Diepen Erik , Prettyman Richard , Redman Julie , Rooke Nan , Campbell Rowena 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural disturbance, such as agitation, is a common feature of dementia, and causes significant problems and distress for carers. Snoezelen is increasingly used with people who have dementia, but there is limited evidence of its efficacy.ObjectiveThis crossover randomised controlled study aimed to evaluate the effect of Snoezelen on the mood and behaviour of patients with dementia, in comparison to the effect of an established and accepted intervention, reminiscence therapy.MethodsTwenty patients with dementia and significant agitated behaviour, received three sessions each of Snoezelen and reminiscence. The effects were assessed using measures of observed agitated behaviour and heart rate over the course of the sessions, and mood and behaviour during the sessions.ResultsBoth interventions had a positive effect. Snoezelen was no more beneficial than reminiscence in terms of effecting a significant reduction in agitated behaviour or heart rate. There was considerable variation in the way individuals responded to each intervention. Snoezelen may have a more positive effect than reminiscence, but due to the observed differences between the interventions being small, and the small number of subjects, this advantage was not demonstrated statistically.ConclusionsFurther research, with larger numbers of subjects, and an appropriate control is required to establish the benefits of Snoezelen for people at different stages of dementia, and to identify any benefits additional to those derived from increased staff attention. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropsychological characteristics of mild vascular cognitive impairment and dementia after stroke
Authors: Stephens S. , Kenny R. A. , Rowan E. , Allan L. , Kalaria R. N. , Bradbury M. , Ballard C. G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundPost‐stroke cognitive impairment is frequent, with characteristic impairments of attentional and executive performance.ObjectiveThe study aims to determine whether the profile and severity of impairment in vascular Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (vascular CIND) is intermediate between that seen in stroke patients without significant cognitive impairment and patients with post‐stroke dementia and thus to establish if the potential value of vascular CIND is a useful concept for predicting further cognitive decline and dementia in stroke patients.MethodsStroke patients (n = 381) > 75 were recruited from representative hospital‐based stroke registers in Tyneside and Wearside, UK. Sixty six age matched controls were also recruited. A detailed battery of neuropsychological assessments was completed 3 months post stroke.ResultsDeficits of attention (z = 5.7; p < 0.0001) and executive function (z = 5.9; p < 0.0001) were seen even in stroke patients without vascular CIND, compared to controls. However, stroke patients with CIND were significantly more impaired again on tests of executive function (z = 10.3; p < 0.0001) compared to those not meeting CIND criteria; and also had greater impairments of memory (z = 10.4; p < 0.0001) and language expression (z = 10.1; p < 0.0001). A similar overall profile of deficits was evident in the CIND and the dementia group, but specific deficits were significantly more pronounced in those with dementia, particularly in orientation (z = 7.2; p < 0.0001) and memory (z = 5.8; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe current study indicates that attentional and executive impairments are frequent in stroke patients, but deficits of memory, orientation and language are more indicative of CIND and dementia. Further longitudinal studies are required to clarify the relationship between specific lesions and the progression of specific cognitive deficits in post‐stroke patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Executive functioning in psychogeriatric patients: scalability and construct validity of the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale (BDS)
Authors: Diesfeldt Han F. A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectivesItem response theory was used to test the scalability of the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale (BDS). The BDS assesses the control of voluntary movement, working memory and self‐monitoring. Construct validity of the BDS was examined with confirmatory factor analysis.MethodsThe BDS was administered to 693 consecutive, community‐dwelling visitors of a psychogeriatric day unit (424 women and 269 men between the ages of 50 and 94). Unidimensionality of the BDS was determined using Mokken's scalogram analysis. The BDS total score was correlated with other measures of executive function (Expanded Mental Control Test, category fluency, and alternating graphical sequences) and with episodic memory tests of orientation and delayed picture recognition in order to test a model of distinct latent constructs of executive functioning and episodic memory.ResultsLoevinger's scalability coefficient H was 0.58 for the complete item set of the BDS. Subjects can be ordered on the latent dimension of executive ability. The first eight items of the BDS (deleting the insight rating) satisfy the assumption of non‐intersecting item characteristic curves (double monotonicity) which means that they comprise a Guttman‐ordered scale (H = 0.60). The BDS and three independent measures of executive control strongly correlated with a latent construct of executive functioning (convergent validity). However, discriminant relations with a nonexecutive construct (recognition memory and orientation) could not be demonstrated.ConclusionsThe BDS satisfies criteria for scalability according to item response theory. Its construct validity as an executive‐specific measure is as yet unclear. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of the utility of self‐report alcohol screening instruments in the elderly
Authors: O'Connell Henry , Chin Ai‐Vyrn , Hamilton Fiona , Cunningham Conal , Walsh J. B. , Coakley Davis , Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundEffective screening instruments are needed for the detection of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in the elderly, in view of the significant physical, psychological and social problems associated with this phenomenon.MethodsThis paper provides details on the different self‐report alcohol screening instruments that have been studied in the elderly, describing both the instruments themselves and their effectiveness as screening instruments for AUDs in different elderly populations.ResultsThe vast majority of studies reviewed were carried out in the US, and a high proportion of these were carried out in Veterans Administrations institutions, thus limiting the generalizability of results. The CAGE was the most widely studied screening instrument, followed by the MAST or variations of the MAST, the AUDIT and variations of the AUDIT, and other screening instruments. Sensitivity and specificity of these instruments varied widely, depending on the prevalence of AUDs in the population being studied, the clinical characteristics of the population and the type of AUD being detected. The CAGE performed poorly in psychiatric populations but a newer instrument, the AUDIT‐5, has had promising results to date. No studies focussed on elderly people with cognitive impairment, and there is a need for research in this area.ConclusionsEase of use, patient acceptability, sensitivity and specificity must all be considered when selecting a self‐report alcohol screening instrument for use in the elderly. Furthermore, the prevalence of AUDs in the population and the clinical characteristics of that population must also be taken into account. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Older women's cognitive and affective response to moderate drinking
Authors: Zimmerman Teena , McDougall Graham J. , Becker Heather 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveIn this paper we investigated the question, how do older women who drink moderate amounts of alcohol differ from those who do not drink on measurements of cognitive function, memory, affect and health?MethodsThe nonprobability sample of female participants (n = 182) averaged 75 years of age and had a Mini Mental State Examination scores of 28. The participants were asked to indicate whether they drank alcohol or abstained (yes/no) and if they indicated that they did drink, to describe how many drinks they consumed in a given period of time (day/week/month).ResultsNone of the participants acknowledged drinking more than 2 drinks a day. Caucasian women had the largest number of moderate drinkers (53% vs 47%), while the majority of African–American and Hispanic women reported not drinking. The moderate drinkers reported less depression, had higher self‐reported health, performed better on instrumental everyday tasks, had stronger memory self‐efficacy, and used more strategies to improve memory performance. In addition, these women had higher performance on tests of executive function: attention, concentration, psychomotor skills, verbal‐associative capacities, and oral fluency.ConclusionsThe circumstances under which people drink are complex and were not evaluated in this study. Therefore, rather than endorsing drinking behavior, these findings suggest that future research might examine why elders make the decision to drink, the circumstances that predispose women to drink (alone/with others), and other qualities that characterize female drinkers over the age of 65. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular alignment by grafted adhesion peptide surface density gradients
Authors: Kang Catherine E. , Gemeinhart Ernest J. , Gemeinhart Richard A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe extracellular matrix and extracellular matrix‐associated proteins play a major role in growth and differentiation of tissues and organs. To date, few methods have been developed that allow researchers to examine the affect of surface density gradients of adhesion molecules in a controlled manner. Fibroblasts cultured on surfaces with a surface density gradient of RGD peptide aligned parallel to the gradient while fibroblasts on constant density RGD surfaces spread but did not align as has been shown in numerous earlier studies. Not only did fibroblasts align on the gradient surfaces, but they also showed significantly greater elongation than on constant density peptide surfaces or on control surfaces. This type of method is easy to replicate and can be used by laboratories interested in investigating alignment of various cell types without mechanical force or other stimulation, and without cell–cell interaction or for investigation of affects of surface density gradients of molecules on cellular biochemistry and biophysics. This method also has potential applications for developing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications where cellular alignment is necessary. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 403–411, 2004
Fibronectin adsorption on surface‐activated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and its effect on cellular function
Authors: Toworfe George K. , Composto Russell J. , Adams Christopher S. , Shapiro Irving M. , Ducheyne Paul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article reports that surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) influences fibronectin (Fn) adsorption and enhances cell attachment. Controlled adsorption of Fn on chemically activated polymer substrates is known to influence cellular function. Thin films of PDMS were spun cast on silicon wafers to obtain homogeneous and molecularly smooth surfaces. The films were made hydrophilic by exposure to ultraviolet ozone activation (PDMS*). The films then were characterized by contact angle goniometry, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Contact angle measurements indicated higher hydrophobicity of the nonactivated PDMS substrates than PDMS*. AFM scans of the substrates indicated higher surface roughness of PDMS* (Ra = 0.55 nm) than PDMS (Ra = 0.25 nm). Although Fn surface density (Γ) was slightly higher on PDMS than on PDMS*, due to hydrophobic interactions between substrate and Fn, cell function was greatly enhanced on the Fn‐coated PDMS* (PDMS*‐Fn) than on PDMS (PDMS‐Fn). Higher attachment of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells was observed on PDMS*‐Fn than on PDMS‐Fn. Moreover, cell spreading and cytoskeleton organization after 72 h was clearly favored on the Fn‐coated PDMS* surfaces. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 449–461, 2004
Effect of the hydrophilic nanofiller loading on the mechanical properties and the microtensile bond strength of an ethanol‐based one‐bottle dentin adhesive
Authors: Kim Jong‐Soon , Cho Byeong‐Hoon , Lee In‐Bog , Um Chung‐Moon , Lim Bum‐Soon , Oh Myung‐Hwan , Chang Chang‐Gok , Son Ho‐Hyun 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study evaluated the hypothesis that if hydrophilic nanofillers were dispersed evenly within the adhesive layer under moist conditions, adding them to a one‐bottle dentin adhesive might improve the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer, and accordingly increase the bond strength. The flexural strength (FS), the degree of conversion (DC), and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) to the dentin of four experimental ethanol‐based one‐bottle dentin adhesives containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 wt % of 12‐nm hydrophilic fumed silica were evaluated, and the distribution of the nanofillers were compared using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although the nanofiller content did not affect the DC, the FS tended to increase with increasing nanofiller content. The MTBS appeared to increase when up to 1.0 wt % of the nanofillers were added, but they were statistically not significant. However, when 3.0 wt % of the nanofillers were added, the MTBS decreased significantly comparing to the adhesive containing 0.5 wt % nanofillers (p < 0.05). The TEM image suggested that if the nanofillers within the adhesive were 3.0 wt % and applied to a wet dentin surface, they aggregated easily into large clusters and would decrease the MTBS. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 284–291, 2005
Constant pH molecular dynamics in generalized Born implicit solvent
Authors: Mongan John , Case David A. , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA new method is proposed for constant pH molecular dynamics (MD), employing generalized Born (GB) electrostatics. Protonation states are modeled with different charge sets, and titrating residues sample a Boltzmann distribution of protonation states as the simulation progresses, using Monte Carlo sampling based on GB‐derived energies. The method is applied to four different crystal structures of hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL). pKa predictions derived from the simulations have root‐mean‐square (RMS) error of 0.82 relative to experimental values. Similarity of results between the four crystal structures shows the method to be independent of starting crystal structure; this is in contrast to most electrostatics‐only models. A strong correlation between conformation and protonation state is noted and quantitatively analyzed, emphasizing the importance of sampling protonation states in conjunction with dynamics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 2038–2048, 2004