bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of parenteral iron therapy compared to oral iron supplements in managing iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women
Authors: Saha Somen , Raval Devang , Shah Komal , Saxena Deepak 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study compared the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of parenteral iron, using intravenous iron sucrose (IVIS) therapy against the standard regimen of oral iron (OI) therapy for managing iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among pregnant women in a natural primary care setting in Gujarat.

Design
A prospective cost-effectiveness study was conducted in natural programme setting wherein 188 pregnant women in their 14 to 18 weeks with moderate and severe anemia women enrolled from two districts of Gujarat, and 142 were followed up until the post-partum phase. The intervention group comprised of 82 participants who were administered IVIS, while the comparison group comprised of 106 participants who were put on OI therapy. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured at periodic intervals, first during enrollment and then during each month of pregnancy period and finally on the 42nd day of the post-natal period.

Outcome measures
Change in mean Hb level from baseline was the primary outcome, while the incidence of morbidity and mortality was a secondary outcome measure.

Results
The intervention group showed a significant incremental mean change in Hb level from 8.2 g/dl to 11.45 g/dl at the fourth follow-up, while the control group's mean Hb level reduced from 9.99 g/dl to 9.55 g/dl. The discounted cost per beneficiary for IVIS was US$ 87, while that for OI was US$ 49. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was US$ 9.84, which is 0.049% of India's per capita GDP.

Conclusion
IVIS therapy was more clinically effective and cost-effective than OI therapy among pregnant women for management of moderate and severe anemia.
Forest management and former land use have no effect on soil fungal diversity in uneven-aged mountain high forests
Authors: Mollier Sylvain , Kunstler Georges , Dupouey Jean-Luc , Mulero Stephen , Bergès Laurent 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Key message
Metabarcoding analysis of soil fungal communities in French mountain forests revealed that harvesting intensity, time since last harvest and former land use had no effect on fungal community composition compared to key abiotic factors. Low-intensity management in these uneven-aged mountain forests therefore has limited effects on soil fungal community composition which is mainly driven by elevation and edaphic properties.

Context
Past and current human activities are known to affect forest biodiversity. However, the effects of former land use and forest management have been studied much more extensively on higher plants than on fungi.

Aims
Our objectives were to assess the effects of harvesting intensity, duration since last harvest and former land use on soil fungal communities in uneven-aged mountain high forests.

Methods
On the basis of historical land-use maps drawn between 1862 and 1864 and on historical forest management archives, we selected 62 sites in the French Alps with contrasting land-use histories (ancient forests, which were already forested on historical maps vs recent forests, which have recovered following abandonment of pastures) and different durations since last harvest (from 1 to over 50 years). We carried out soil sampling and assessed fungal diversity by metabarcoding analysis. We analysed soil fungal molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU) diversity as a whole and for the main lifestyle groups (such as wood saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal fungi) using multiple linear regressions on Shannon’s diversity index and fungal taxonomic composition using canonical correlation analysis.

Results
We found no significant effect of harvesting intensity, time since last harvest or land-use history on total fungal MOTU diversity, fungal lifestyle diversity or taxonomic composition. In contrast, we observed significant effects of elevation, pH, organic carbon and available phosphorus content on the taxonomic and functional composition of soil fungal communities.

Conclusions
The structure of soil fungal communities (i.e. diversity and species composition) was mainly determined by elevation and edaphic factors, indicating a high-context dependency, as previously found in similar studies. Our study in mountain forests shows that recent forests established on former pastures had no legacy effect on soil conditions and fungal communities, in contrast to previous results in lowland areas, where recent forests were mainly established on former cropland. Uneven-aged forest management had no effect on fungal diversity, in contrast to previous results observed in even-aged high forests.
An experimental study of neural estimators of the mutual information between random vectors modeling power spectrum features
Authors: Shin Donghoon , Kim Hyung Soon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMutual information (MI) quantifies the statistical dependency between a pair of random variables and plays a central role in signal processing and data analysis. Recent advances in machine learning have enabled the estimation of MI from a dataset using the expressive power of neural networks. In this study, we conducted a comparative experimental analysis of several existing neural estimators of MI between random vectors that model power spectrum features. We explored alternative models of power spectrum features by leveraging information-theoretic data processing inequality and bijective transformations. Empirical results demonstrated that each neural estimator of MI covered in this study has its limitations. In practical applications, we recommend the collective use of existing neural estimators in a complementary manner for the problem of estimating MI between power spectrum features.
A multi-task learning speech synthesis optimization method based on CWT: a case study of Tacotron2
Authors: Hu Guoqiang , Ruan Zhuofan , Guo Wenqiu , Quan Yujuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractText-to-speech synthesis plays an essential role in facilitating human-computer interaction. Currently, the predominant approach in Text-to-speech acoustic models selects only the Mel spectrum as an intermediate feature for converting text to speech. However, the Mel spectrograms obtained may exhibit ambiguity in some aspects owing to the limited capability of the Fourier transform to capture mutation signals during the acquisition of the Mel spectrograms. With the aim of improving the clarity of synthesized speech, this study proposes a multi-task learning optimization method and conducts experiments on the Tacotron2 speech synthesis system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method in the study introduces an additional task: wavelet spectrograms. The continuous wavelet transform has gained significant popularity in various applications, including speech enhancement and speech recognition, which is primarily attributed to its capability to adaptively vary the time-frequency resolution and its excellent performance in capturing non-stationary signals. This study highlights that the clarity of Tacotron2 synthesized speech can be improved by introducing Wavelet-spectrogram as an auxiliary task through theoretical and experimental analysis: a feature extraction network is added, and Wavelet-spectrogram features are extracted from the Mel spectrum output generated by the decoder. Experimental findings indicate that the Mean Opinion Score achieved for the speech synthesized by the model using multi-task learning is 0.17 higher compared to the baseline model. Furthermore, by analyzing the factors contributing to the success of the continuous wavelet transform-based multi-task learning method in the Tacotron2 model, as well as the effectiveness of multi-task learning, the study conjectures that the proposed method has the potential to enhance the performance of other acoustic models.
Neighbor-based joint spatial division and multiplexing in massive MIMO: user scheduling and dynamic beam allocation
Authors: Liang Huibin , Liu Chen , Song Yunchao , Gao Tianbao , Zou Yulong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo-stage precoding schemes have been developed to reduce the channel estimation overhead in FDD systems. By integrating user scheduling into these schemes, it becomes possible to meet the quality-of-service requirements of high-density wireless communication systems, despite the limitations on spatial resources and transmit power budget. In this paper, we propose a user scheduling and dynamic beam allocation method for neighbor-based joint spatial division multiplexing (N-JSDM) transmission. The user scheduling problem is formulated as a 0–1 quadratic programming problem to maximize effective spectral efficiency (ESE) using directional channel properties. To address the complexity issue, convex relaxation and linearization methods are employed to transform the problem into a 0–1 mixed integer linear programming, and a dimensionality reduction method is introduced. The proposed user scheduling-aided N-JSDM scheme reduces downlink training length and feedback of channel state information. Additionally, a dynamic configuration form is used for pre-beamforming matrix design based on user distribution, outperforming conventional approaches. Simulation results demonstrate higher ESE achieved by the proposed scheme compared to previous methods.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: IoT devices and data availability optimization by ANN and KNN
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Song Zhihua , Zhang Tao , Wei Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted to enhance the availability of IoT devices and data by focusing on the rapid prediction of instantaneous fault rates and temperatures. Temperature plays a crucial role in device availability as it significantly impacts equipment performance and lifespan. It serves as a vital indicator for predicting equipment failure and enables the improvement of availability and efficiency through effective temperature management. In the proposed optimization scheme for IoT device and data availability, the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and the K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithm are utilized to drive a neural network. The preliminary algorithm for availability optimization is chosen, and the target is divided into two parts: data optimization and equipment optimization. Suitable models are constructed for each part, and the KNN-driven neural network algorithm is employed to solve the proposed optimization model. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is clearly demonstrated by the verification results. When compared to the benchmark method, the availability forward fault-tolerant method, and the heuristic optimization algorithm, the maximum temperature was successfully reduced to 2.0750 °C. Moreover, significant enhancements in the average availability of IoT devices were achieved, with improvements of 27.03%, 15.76%, and 10.85% respectively compared to the aforementioned methods. The instantaneous failure rates were 100%, 87.89%, and 84.4% respectively for the three algorithms. This optimization algorithm proves highly efficient in eliminating fault signals and optimizing the prediction of time-limited satisfaction. Furthermore, it exhibits strategic foresight in the decision-making process.
Intravenous iron versus blood transfusion for postpartum anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Caljé E. , Groom K. M. , Dixon L. , Marriott J. , Foon R. , Oyston C. , Bloomfield F. H. , Jordan V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Intravenous iron (IV-iron) is used as an alternative to, or alongside, red blood cell transfusion (RBC-T) to treat more severe postpartum anemia (PPA), although optimal treatment options remain unclear. No previous systematic reviews have examined IV-iron and RBC-T, including patient-reported outcomes and hematological responses.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing IV-iron and RBC-T with each other, oral iron, no treatment, and placebo for the treatment of PPA. Key inclusion criteria were PPA (hemoglobin < 12 g/dL) and IV-iron or RBC-T as interventions. Key exclusion criteria were antenatal IV-iron or RBC-T. Fatigue was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations, and adverse events. From 27th August 2020 to 26th September 2022, databases, registries, and hand searches identified studies. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was undertaken using RevMan (5.4) software. The quality of the studies and the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias table, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. This review is registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020201115).

Results
Twenty studies and 4196 participants were included: 1834 assigned IV-iron, 1771 assigned oral iron, 330 assigned RBC-T, and 261 assigned non-intervention. Six studies reported the primary outcome of fatigue (1251 participants). Only studies of IV-iron vs. oral iron (15 studies) were available for meta-analysis. Of these, three reported on fatigue using different scales; two were available for meta-analysis. There was a significant reduction in fatigue with IV-iron compared to oral iron (standardized mean difference − 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.62, − 0.18, I2 = 0%). The direction of effect also favored IV-iron for hemoglobin (mean difference (MD) 0.54 g/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47, 0.61, I2 = 91%), ferritin, (MD 58.07 mcg/L, 95% CI 55.74, 60.41, I2 = 99%), and total adverse events (risk-ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.52, 0.77, I2 = 84%). The overall quality of the evidence was low-moderate.

Discussion
For all outcomes, the evidence for RBC-T, compared to IV-iron, non-intervention, or dose effects of RBC-T is very limited. Further research is needed to determine whether RBC-T or IV-iron for the treatment of PPA is superior for fatigue and hematological outcomes.
Publication bias in otorhinolaryngology meta-analyses in 2021
Authors: Mohammadian Fatemeh , Bastaninejad Shahin , Irani Shirin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
One concern in meta-analyses is the presence of publication bias (PB) which leads to the dissemination of inflated results. In this study, we assessed how much the meta-analyses in the field of otorhinolaryngology in 2021 evaluated the presence of PB.

Methods
Six of the most influential journals in the field were selected. A search was conducted, and data were extracted from the included studies. In cases where PB was not assessed by the authors, we evaluated the risk of its presence by designing funnel plots and performing statistical tests.

Results
Seventy-five systematic reviews were included. Fifty-one percent of them used at least one method for assessing the risk of PB, with the visual inspection of a funnel plot being the most frequent method used. Twenty-nine percent of the studies reported a high risk of PB presence. We replicated the results of 11 meta-analyses that did not assess the risk of PB and found that 63.6% were at high risk. We also found that a considerable proportion of the systematic reviews that found a high risk of PB did not take it into consideration when making conclusions and discussing their results.

Discussion
Our results indicate that systematic reviews published in some of the most influential journals in the field do not implement enough measures in their search strategies to reduce the risk of PB, nor do they assess the risk of its presence or take the risk of its presence into consideration when inferring their results.
Respiratory function in healthy long-term meditators: a systematic review
Authors: Karunarathne L. J. U. , Amarasiri W. A. D. L. , Fernando A. D. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of data on effects of long-term meditation on respiration. This systematic review summarized selected respiratory function parameters in healthy long-term meditators (LTMs) at rest, during meditation and their associations with meditation practice variables.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), Scopus, Proquest Dissertation and Thesis Global databases, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar was performed from year 1950 to August 15th, 2023. Keywords “meditation,” “long-term meditation,” and respiratory/pulmonary/lung function and spirometry were used. Controlled-trials and observational studies exploring respiratory parameters in healthy LTMs published in English were included. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the evidence. The Joanna-Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools and the Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions Statement were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Effect estimates of some outcomes were synthesized using alternative methods and data for other outcomes synthesized narratively as a meta-analysis was not possible.

Results
Nine studies comprising 3 case–control, 3 cross-sectional, and 3 single-subject study designs, involving 433 participants that met the eligibility criteria, were included. Two studies reported slower resting RR among LTMs compared to controls [SMD = − 2.98, 95% CI (− 4.48 to − 1.47), overall-effect (z-score) = 3.88 (p < 0.001), I2 = 69%] with similar trend reported in the third study (MD = − 1.6, p = 0.053). Three studies reported slower RR in LTMs during meditation compared to baseline. Slower resting RR and mean RR change during meditation compared to baseline significantly negatively associated with meditation experience. PEFR was significantly higher in LTMs than controls [MD = 1.67, 95% CI (0.19–3.15), z-score = 2.21 (p = 0.03)]. No significant difference was observed in tidal volume [SDM = 0.93, 95% CI (− 1.13 to 2.99), z-score = 0.89 (p = 0.37), I2 = 96%] and vital capacity [SDM = 1.25, 95% CI (− 0.45 to 2.95), z-score = 1.44 (p = 0.15), I2 = 94%] of LTMs compared to controls.

Conclusions
Long-term meditation appears to be associated with slower baseline RR, and immediate reduction in RR during meditation, where greater practice amplifies the effects. Evidence on spirometry parameters in LTMs with ≥ 3 years of practice was limited.
Evaluation of the design and structure of electronic medication labels to improve patient health knowledge and safety: a systematic review
Authors: Saif Sara , Bui Tien Thi Thuy , Srivastava Gyana , Quintana Yuri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Patient misunderstanding of instructions on medication labels is a common cause of medication errors and can result in ineffective treatment. One way to better improve patient comprehension of medication labels is by optimizing the content and display of the information.

Objectives
To review comparative studies that have evaluated the design of a medication label to improve patient knowledge or safety.

Methods
Studies were selected from systematic computerized literature searches performed in PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Central (EBSCO), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature-CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters). Eligible studies included comparative studies that evaluated the design of a medication label to improve patient knowledge or safety.

Results
Of the 246 articles identified in the primary literature search, 14 studies were selected for data abstraction. Thirteen of these studies significantly impacted the patient understanding of medication labels. Three studies included a measure of patient safety in terms of medication adherence and dosing errors. The utilization of patient-centered language, pictograms/graphics, color/white space, or font optimization was seen to have the most impact on patient comprehension.

Conclusion
It is essential to present medication information in an optimal manner for patients. This can be done by standardizing the content, display, and format of medication labels to improve understanding and medication usage. Evidence-based design principles can, therefore, be used to facilitate the standardization of the structure of label content for both print and electronic devices. However, more research needs to be done on validating the implications of label content display to measure its impact on patient safety.

Systemic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42022347510 (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
The impact of DNA methylation as a factor of Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes (APBOs): a systematic review protocol
Authors: Moagi Innocent , Mabasa Lawrence , Maputle Sonto Maria , Ndwandwe Duduzile , Raliphaswa Ndidzulafhi Selina , Netshikweta Lizzy Mutshinyalo , Malwela Thivhulawi , Samie Amidou 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation is one of the epigenetic modifications that has gained a lot of interest as a factor influencing fetal programming and as a biomarker for adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (APBOs). Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation can result in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (APBOs) including miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW), sepsis, and preterm birth (PTB), which may later result in diseases in adulthood. However, the mechanism by which DNA methylation influences these APBOs remains unclear. The systematic review will assess the association between global and gene-specific DNA methylation with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Method
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist will be followed when conducting this systematic review. To develop the search strategy the PI(E)COS (population, intervention/exposure, comparator/control, outcome, and study designs) framework will be followed. Thus far, the research team has retrieved 4721 from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and MEDLINE. Out of these, 584 studies have been screened for eligibility, and approximately 124 studies meet the inclusion criteria. Pending the search results identified from the grey literature. For identification of unpublished studies in journals indexed in electronic databases, Google Scholar will be used. I.M and A.S will separately extract data from the articles and screen them, if there are any disagreements between I.M and A.S, then the L.M will resolve them. The methodological quality and bias risk of the included studies will be evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme CASP) checklist. $${I}^{2}$$

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alpha = 0.10 statistic will be used for assessing statistical heterogeneity between studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess and grade the overall quality of extracted data.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required. The systematic review will assess available literature on possible associations between DNA methylation with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (APBOs) including LBW, IUGR, miscarriage, sepsis, and PTB. The findings could help guide future research assessing DNA methylation and other APBOs.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRCRD42022370647.