bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From electrospray ionization to cold‐spray ionization: How to evaluate the cooling effect on the gaseous ions?
Authors: Bertrand Emilie , Rondeau David , Delhaye Thomas , Castel Xavier , Himdi Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo methods of survival yields (SY) measurement treatment of thermometer ions whose fragmentation is activated by in‐source collision induced dissociation have been investigated for evaluating the mean internal (<Eint>) and thermal (<Etherm>) energies of gaseous ions produced by electrospray ionization and cold‐spray ionization (CSI). One of the methods is based on the use of the internal energy distributions (P (Eint)) as sigmoid derivatives connecting the experimental survival yields of different substituted benzylpyridinium cations. The <Eint> values are therefore converted in a thermal‐like parameter called vibrational temperature (Tvib) then obtained at each value of the voltage of the desolvation area. The second method is based on the modelling of ion behavior by the MassKinetics software where the value of the characteristic temperature parameter (Tchar) is used for fitting theoretical survival yields (SYtheo) with experimental data (SYexp) calculated at several activation energy. A linear correlation is evidenced between the values of internal or thermal energy and the voltage of the orifice 1 at the origin of the ion activation in the desolvation area. The extrapolation at zero voltage of the thermal‐like parameters (Tvib and Tchar) indicates that, in agreement with the literature data, the ions are relatively hot in ESI (~650 K). But the use of a CSI source lowers this temperature down to ~300 K. In addition, with cold‐spray ionization, this cooling effect is more important when methanol is used instead of acetonitrile although these two solvents have no influence on the gaseous ion temperature in electrospray ionization.
Interactions of CyMe4‐BTBP ligand with lanthanides and actinides: Insights from ESI‐MS and DFT calculations
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Qi , Liu Yang , Tan Shu‐Ping , Chen Yan , Gao Jie , Liang Xin‐Yue , Shi Wei‐Qun , Zhao Yong‐Gang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS) technique and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined to study the formation of the complexes of lanthanides (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb) and actinides (UO22+, Th4+) with CyMe4‐BTBP (6,6′‐bis(5,5,8,8‐tetramethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐benzo‐[1,2,4‐]triazin‐3‐yl)‐[2,2′]bipyridine) to understand the mechanisms during the extraction process. Mass spectrometry titrations showed the formation of the complexation in acetonitrile. For lanthanides, only 1:2 complexes ([Ln(L)2]3+, [Ln(L)2(CH3CN)]3+), [Ln(L)2(NO3)]2+) were found at low [Ln]/[L] concentration ratios, whereas the 1:1 complexes ([Ln(L)(NO3)2]+) were observed when the [Ln]/[L] concentration ratio reached 1.0. For uranyl complexes, 1:1 complex ([UO2L(NO3)]+) was the only species within the measuring range. Th4+ complexes had two compositions: 1:1 and 1:2, in which 1:2 species was the dominant complex. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was employed to characterize the fragmentation process. The fragmentation process was unfolded sequentially on both sides of CyMe4‐BTBP ligand with the loss of alkyl groups and cleavage of triazinyl rings. The CID results of CyMe4‐BTBP complexes revealed a slight difference depending on the metal center. The DFT calculations showed that the stable complexes formed in acetonitrile solution were consistent with the ESI‐MS results.
Soil structure shifts with earthworms under different organic fertilization in salt‐affected soils
Authors: Kou Xinchang , Chen Jie , Tao Yan , Tao Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarthworm incubation combined with organic fertilization is promoted as an amended measure to improve soil properties in the ecological restoration of various degraded soils. However, the impacts of earthworms on the soil aggregate size under different organic fertilization in salt‐affected soils have not yet been fully revealed. This hinders our ability to develop policies by which to alleviate soil salinization. In this study, under mesocosm experiments, we investigate the effects of earthworm (Aporrectodea trapezoides) and organic fertilization on the soil aggregate size after 16 weeks of incubation. The soil treated with clover residues showed lower earthworm survival rates and biomass compared to that treated with sheep manure. However, the soil macropores and large macroaggregate were higher in the soils treated with clover residue when earthworms were present. In addition, earthworm burrowing activities form pathways toward food patches improve the characteristics of soil macropores, and the properties of the residue itself play a decisive role. Moreover, whether earthworms are present or not significantly influences the soil macroporosity, macropore number, and soil electrical conductivity. This demonstrates that earthworms exhibit a key feature of soil physical functioning in salt‐affected soil. In conclusion, we propose that the application of earthworms with organic residues in salt‐affected soils is a priority in producing and maintaining favorable soil structure.
Explaining the urban–rural gradient in later fertility in Europe
Authors: Riederer Bernhard , Beaujouan Éva 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDemographic research shows that, in Europe, fertility takes place later and is lower in cities than in rural areas. One might expect fertility to be delayed in urban areas because of longer periods in education and enhanced career opportunities. We, therefore, examine how prevalent later fertility (35+ and 40+) is along the urban–rural axis, and whether differences can be explained by economic, cultural and compositional factors. We estimate multilevel random coefficient models, employing aggregated Eurostat data of 1328 Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques (NUTS) 3 and 270 NUTS 2 regions from 28 European countries. The urban–rural gradient in later fertility considerably diminishes once factors describing the economic environment, family and gender norms as well as population composition are accounted for. The higher prevalence of later fertility in cities is particularly associated with higher female education, greater wealth and a higher share of employment in high‐technology sectors.
Primary benign intratracheal schwannoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rafieian Shahab , Ershadi Reza , Amini Hesam , Samimiat Alireza , Gholinataj Jelodar Mohsen , Vahedi Matin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShwannomas are rare benign tumours especially in tracheal. A 16‐year‐old male presented with a chronic cough, and a thoracic CT scan revealed a pedunculated tumour measuring approximately 11 × 13 mm in size, located 22 mm away from the main carina. Tissue sample was obtained via rigid bronchoscopy and cryobiopsy, and the pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a benign nerve sheath tumour consistent with schwannoma. The patient subsequently underwent resection of the tumour and tracheal anastomosis. Schwannomas are uncommon pulmonary tumours that typically occur in adults, with a higher incidence among females. The presenting symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the tumour. Treatment options include therapeutic bronchoscopy or surgical resection, with the choice of approach based on tumour characteristics (pedunculated or sessile), preoperative surgical risk, and risk of recurrence. The prognosis is generally favourable, with a low risk of recurrence and excellent outcomes.
The programed death‐1/programed death ligand‐1 axis and its potential as a therapeutic target for virus‐associated tumours
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Yan , Luo Bing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs an important and serious condition impacting human health, the diagnosis, and treatment of tumours is clinically vital because tumour cell immune escape sustains tumour development. Programed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) on tumour cell surfaces binds to the programed death‐1 (PD‐1), inhibits T cell activation, and induces apoptosis, and incapacitates cells. This allows tumour cells to evade recognition and clearance by the immune system, thereby permitting tumour occurrence, and development and poor prognosis outcomes in patients with tumours. Currently, anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy has become pivotal in tumour treatment. Pathogens, especially viruses, are important factors which induce many tumours. In this article, we examine associations between Epstein‐Barr virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1‐related tumours and PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis.
Assessing plant trait diversity as an indicators of species α‐ and β‐diversity in a subalpine grassland of the Italian Alps
Authors: Imran Hafiz Ali , Sakowska Karolina , Gianelle Damiano , Rocchini Duccio , Dalponte Michele , Scotton Michele , Vescovo Loris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs the need for ecosystem biodiversity assessment increases within the climate crisis framework, more and more studies using spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) are proposed to assess biodiversity at various scales. The SVH implies optical diversity (also called spectral diversity) is driven by light absorption dynamics associated with plant traits (PTs) variability (which is an indicator of functional diversity) which is, in turn, determined by biodiversity. In this study, we examined the relationship between PTs variability, optical diversity and α‐ and β‐diversity at different taxonomic ranks at the Monte Bondone grasslands, Trentino province, Italy. The results of the study showed that the PTs variability, at the α scale, was not correlated with biodiversity. On the other hand, the results observed at the community scale (β‐diversity) showed that the variation of some of the investigated biochemical and biophysical PTs was associated with the β‐diversity. We used the Mantel test to analyse the relationship between the PTs variability and species β‐diversity. The results showed a correlation coefficient of up to 0.50 between PTs variability and species β‐diversity. For higher taxonomic ranks such as family and functional groups, a slightly higher Spearman's correlation coefficient of up to 0.64 and 0.61 was observed, respectively. The SVH approach was also tested to estimate β‐diversity and we found that spectral diversity calculated by Spectral Angle Mapper showed to be a better proxy of biodiversity in the same ecosystem where the spectral diversity approach failed to estimate α‐diversity. These findings suggest that optical and PTs diversity approaches can be used to predict species diversity in the grasslands ecosystem where the species turnover is high.
Dual‐Anion Regulation for Reversible and Energetic Aqueous Zn–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Herui , Aslam Muhammad Kashif , Nie Zhihao , Yang Kang , Li Xinran , Chen Sheng , Li Qiang , Chao Dongliang , Duan Jingjing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAqueous Zn–CO2 batteries can not only convert CO2 into high‐value chemicals but also store/output electric energy for external use. However, their performance is limited by sluggish and complicated CO2 electroreduction at the cathode. Herein, a dual‐anion regulated Bi electrocatalyst is developed to selectively reduce CO2 to formate with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 97% at a large current density of 250 mA cm−2. With O and/or F, the rate‐determine step of CO2 electroreduction has been manipulated (from the first hydrogenation to *HCOOH desorption step) with a reduced energy barrier. Significantly, the fabricated Zn–CO2 battery exhibits a high discharge voltage of 1.2 V, optimal power density of 4.51 mW cm−2, remarkable energy density of 802 Wh kg−1, and energy‐conversion efficiency of 70.74%, stability up to 200 cycles and 68 h. This study provides possible strategies to fabricate reversible and energetic aqueous Zn–CO2 batteries by addressing cathodic problems.
Evaluation of transpiration in different almond production systems with two-source energy balance models from UAV thermal and multispectral imagery
Authors: Quintanilla-Albornoz Manuel , Miarnau Xavier , Pelechá Ana , Casadesús Jaume , García-Tejera Omar , Bellvert Joaquim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A growing number of intensive irrigated production systems of the almond crop have been established in recent years. However, there is little information regarding the crop water requirements. Remote sensing-based models such as the two-source energy balance (TSEB) have proven to be reliable ways to accurately estimate actual crop evapotranspiration. However, few efforts have been made to validate the transpiration with sap flow measurements in woody row crops with different production systems and water status. In this study, the TSEB Priestley-Taylor (TSEB-PT) and contextual approach (TSEB-2T) models were assessed to estimate canopy transpiration. In addition, the effect of applying a basic clumping index for heterogeneous randomly placed clumped canopies and a rectangular hedgerow clumping index on the TSEB transpiration estimation was assessed. The TSEB inputs were obtained from high resolution multispectral and thermal imagery using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The leaf area index (LAI), stem water potential (Ψstem) and fractional intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (fIPAR) were also measured. Significant differences were observed in transpiration between production systems and irrigation treatments. The combined use of the TSEB-2T with the C&N-R transmittance model gave the best transpiration estimations for all production systems and irrigation treatments. The use of in situ PAR transmittance in the TSEB-2T model significantly improved the root mean squared error. Thus, the better agreement observed with the TSEB when using the C&N-R model and in situ PAR transmittance highlights the importance of improving radiative transfer models for shortwave canopy transmittance, especially in woody row crops.
Properties of dispersions and films made of copolymers obtained from acrylic, methacrylic and vinyl monomers
Authors: Makarewicz Edwin , Tworek Magdalena , Zalewska Anna , Tomaszewska Jolanta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe following paper presents a study of water dispersion obtained by emulsion co-polymerization of acrylic, methacrylic and vinyl monomers with the use of surfactants. Water dispersions of copolymers used in the production of paints intended for painting surfaces of steel metals and aluminum and its alloys were selected. They were synthesized by ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid amide, 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and 1-ethyl-1-ethylpropylcarbamate (VeoVa 10). The investigated dispersion properties were considered in three groups. It turned out that the dispersions in which the copolymer had the lowest crystallinity temperature and were built of units having hydroxyl, carboxyl or amide groups were characterized by the most favorable properties. The hardness and weight of the membranes changed the least in the case of copolymers consisting of many units with functional groups.
Graphical abstract
Synchronous observation of information loss generating among ions in a long-range Paul trap chain
Authors: Homid A. H. , Mohamed A.-B. A. , Abdel-Aty M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA one-dimensional chain of long-range vibrational trapped ions at low phonon temperatures is employed to simulate the arising and robustness of the information of nonlocal correlations among correlated and uncorrelated sites. We demonstrate that the direction of the acting global magnetic field in Paul’s trap controls the dynamics of correlations and entanglement between ions. Also, we analyze the robustness of the nonlocal correlations in the trap under the impact of ions vibrating and the interaction strength of ions by considering the distance between them. The criteria of concurrence entanglement, Bell inequality, and uncertainty-induced nonlocality are studied to detect the nonlocal correlations among ions that decide the fundamental resources of information in the chain. Furthermore, the analytical solution describing the decoherence equation under the ionic vibration in Paul’s trap is found to track encoded information in the chain.
Serum uric acid predicts therapeutic response to midodrine hydrochloride in children with vasovagal syncope: a pilot study
Authors: Du Xiaojuan , Li Xueying , Zhang Chunyu , Liu Ping , Wang Yuli , Zhang Qingyou , Du Junbao , Liao Ying , Jin Hongfang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Serum uric acid (UA) level has been proven to be related to several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In the present study, we examined if baseline serum UA level could predict the therapeutic efficacy of midodrine hydrochloride on vasovagal syncope (VVS) in children. The pediatric VVS patients who received midodrine hydrochloride from November 2008 to October 2022 were enrolled. After a median treatment duration of 3 months, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. According to the patients’ responses to midodrine hydrochloride, which was determined by the recurrence of syncope, they were divided into effective and ineffective groups. The baseline variables were explored using univariable and multivariate logistic analysis. The predictive efficacy was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), precision-recall curve (PR), Hosmer–Lemeshow test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Totally, 53 participants were included in the study. Among the 51 patients who were successfully followed up, 29 (56.9%) responded to midodrine hydrochloride (effective group), and the other 22 (43.1%) failed to respond to midodrine hydrochloride (ineffective group). The participants in effective group had lower baseline serum UA level than those in ineffective group (276.5 ± 73 μmol/L vs. 332.7 ± 56 μmol/L, p = 0.004). Multivariable logistic analysis showed that serum UA was associated with the therapeutic response (odds ratio (OR): 0.985, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.974–0.997, p = 0.01). ROC analysis indicated that using baseline serum UA < 299 μmol/L as a threshold value yielded a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 79.3% in predicting the treatment response to midodrine hydrochloride. The area under the PR curve was 0.833. Hosmer–Lemeshow test yielded a p value of 0.58, and calibration plot indicated that the model was well-fitted. DCA demonstrated that treatment decision depending on the baseline serum UA level resulted in a favorable net benefit.
Conclusion: This pilot study suggested that the baseline serum UA level could be taken as a predictor of therapeutic effect of midodrine hydrochloride on VVS in children.

What is Known:• Empirical and unselected use of midodrine hydrochloride has an unfavorable therapeutic effect on VVS in children. Serum uric acid (UA) is closely linked to cardiovascular events.

What is New:• A low baseline serum UA level successfully predicts the therapeutic effectiveness of midodrine hydrochloride on VVS in children.
ESD with elastic ring traction is more effective and safer than conventional ESD in large proximal colon neoplastic lesions: a retrospective cohort study (with video)
Authors: Yinhe Sikong , Yang Jiao , Aijun Zhang , Ruyuan Li 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal resection (ESD), especially ESD in proximal colon, has always been challenging. We invented a novel elastic ring as a traction method to facilitate ESD. Our study aims to compare the safety and effectiveness of ESD with in vivo traction and conventional ESD without traction in the treatment of large proximal colon neoplastic lesions.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with large (≥ 20 mm in their maximal diameter) proximal colon neoplastic lesions who underwent ESD with in vivo elastic ring traction or conventional ESD without traction in our endoscopy center between June 2018 and April 2022 by one experienced endoscopist.

Results
The ESD with traction group has lower overall complication rate and lower perforation rate than those in the conventional ESD group (0% vs 14.71%, P = 0.021; 0% vs 11.76%, P = 0.048, respectively), and the differences are statistically significant. Although there are no significant differences in the rates of en bloc resection and R0 resection and bleeding rate, ESD with traction group still had higher en bloc resection and R0 resection rates and lower bleeding rate than conventional ESD group without traction (100% vs 94.12%, P = 0.226; 94.59% vs 85.29%, P = 0.189, 8.82% vs 2.70%, P = 0.276, respectively).

Conclusion
ESD with elastic ring traction is potentially more effective and safer than conventional ESD in the treatment of large proximal colon neoplastic lesions. Further large, prospective controlled studies are needed to fully evaluate this novel method.
A systematic comparison of different machine learning models for the spatial estimation of air pollution
Authors: Cerezuela-Escudero Elena , Montes-Sanchez Juan Manuel , Dominguez-Morales Juan Pedro , Duran-Lopez Lourdes , Jimenez-Moreno Gabriel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Air pollutants harm human health and the environment. Nowadays, deploying an air pollution monitoring network in many urban areas could provide real-time air quality assessment. However, these networks are usually sparsely distributed and the sensor calibration problems that may appear over time lead to missing and wrong measurements. There is an increasing interest in developing air quality modelling methods to minimize measurement errors, predict spatial and temporal air quality, and support more spatially-resolved health effect analysis. This research aims to evaluate the ability of three feed-forward neural network architectures for the spatial prediction of air pollutant concentrations using the measures of an air quality monitoring network. In addition to these architectures, Support Vector Machines and geostatistical methods (Inverse Distance Weighting and Ordinary Kriging) were also implemented to compare the performance of neural network models. The evaluation of the methods was performed using the historical values of seven air pollutants (Nitrogen monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Ozone, and particulate matters with size less than or equal to 2.5 $$\upmu $$
μ
m and to 10 $$\upmu $$
μ
m) from an urban air quality monitoring network located at the metropolitan area of Madrid (Spain). To assess and compare the predictive ability of the models, three estimation accuracy indicators were calculated: the Root Mean Squared Error, the Mean Absolute Error, and the coefficient of determination. FFNN-based models are superior to geostatistical methods and slightly better than Support Vector Machines for fitting the spatial correlation of air pollutant measurements.

Graphical abstract