bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteome analysis of butyrate‐treated human colon cancer cells (HT‐29)
Authors: Tan Sandra , Seow Teck Keong , Liang Rosa Cynthia M.Y. , Koh Shiuan , Lee Christine P.C. , Chung Maxey C.M. , Hooi Shing Chuan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractButyrate, a 4‐carbon fatty acid, has been shown to cause growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The signaling pathways leading to changes in cell growth are unclear. We used a functional proteomics approach to delineate the pathways and mediators involved in butyrate action in HT‐29 cells at 24 hr posttreatment. Using 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, we showed that butyrate treatment resulted in alterations in the proteome of HT‐29 cells. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify butyrate‐regulated spots. First, our results revealed that the expression of various components of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system was altered with butyrate treatment. This suggests that, in addition to the regulation of gene expression through the histone deacetylase pathway, proteolysis could be a means by which butyrate may regulate the expression of key proteins in the control of cell cycle, apoptosis and differentiation. Second, we found that both proapoptotic proteins (capase‐4 and cathepsin D) and antiapoptotic proteins (hsp27, antioxidant protein‐2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1) were simultaneously upregulated in butyrate‐treated cells. Western blotting was carried out to confirm butyrate regulation of the spots. Both cathepsin D and hsp27 showed a time‐dependent increase in expression with butyrate treatment in HT‐29 cells. However, in HCT‐116 cells, which were 5‐fold more sensitive to butyrate‐induced apoptosis, the upregulation of cathepsin D with time was not accompanied by a similar increase in hsp27 levels. Thus, the simultaneous upregulation of both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins in HT‐29 cells may account for their relative resistance to butyrate‐induced apoptosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monoclonal and polyclonal humoral immune response to EC HER‐2/NEUpeptides with low similarity to the host's proteome
Authors: Mittelman Abraham , Lucchese Alberta , Sinha Animesh A. , Kanduc Darja 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe are studying peptide immunogenicity as a function of the similarity level to the host's proteome. By using as a model the breast/prostate cancer‐associated HER‐2/neuantigen, we analyzed the monoclonal and polyclonal humoral immune responses against HER‐2/neupeptide motifs not shared with the host proteome. We show here that(i)a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against the extracellular domain (EC) of human HER‐2/neu oncoprotein recognized a linear peptide motif endowed with low similarity level to the mouse proteome;(ii)likewise, human sera from breast/prostate cancer patients preferentially recognized peptide fragments from the EC of the HER‐2/neuoncoprotein having sequences that are not present in the human proteome. Together with previous results obtained in other disease models (cervical cancer‐associated HPV16 E7 oncoprotein andPemphigus vulgarisauto‐antigen desmoglein‐3), the present data suggest that a low level of sequence similarity to the host's proteome might be an important factor in shaping the pool of B cell epitopes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of p53/BAX in primary colorectal carcinoma: Low BAX protein expression is a negative prognostic factor in UICC stage III tumors
Authors: Schelwies Katharina , Sturm Isrid , Grabowski Patricia , Scherübl Hans , Schindler Isabell , Hermann Sandra , Stein Harald , Buhr Heinz‐Johannes , Riecken Ernst O. , Zeitz Martin , Dörken Bernd , Daniel Peter T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeregulation of cell death pathways contributes to tumor development and to the clinical course of cancer disease. In patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer, we have previously shown that an intact p53/BAX apoptotic pathway is a positive prognostic factor. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the prognostic value of BAX protein expression and the mutational status of its upstream regulator p53 in primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. To this end, we analyzed retrospectively tumor samples of 116 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma and had a follow‐up for a minimum of 5 years or until death (UICC Stage III: 59 patients, UICC Stage IV: 57 patients). Tumors were screened for p53 mutations and investigated for BAX protein expression. Overall median survival was 17 months. As expected, patients with UICC III tumors survived longer than patients with UICC IV tumors: 69 months vs. 8 months (p < 0.0001). UICC III tumors with high BAX expression were associated with a significantly better prognosis (p = 0.009) than BAX low expressing tumors. The combined p53/BAX pathway analysis for the UICC Stage III group revealed the worst outcome for patients with a disrupted p53/BAX pathway (i.e., BAX low/p53 mutated; p = 0.004). In contrast, no significant effect of the p53/BAX status on survival was found in UICC IV tumors. Our study in primary adenocarcinoma of the colorectum shows for the first time that a disrupted p53/BAX pathway is associated with a poor clinical outcome in UICC III tumors. These data also confirm our previous report on the relevance of an intact p53/BAX pathway in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, we were not able to confirm this finding in the heterogenous subgroup of UICC IV tumors of the colorectum. Our study therefore provides the basis for the analysis of defects in p53/BAX (and additional genes) in a prospective trial that is the logical basis for future risk‐adapted therapies. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of transforming growth factor β1 as a new tumor marker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Narai Shin , Watanabe Masahiko , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Nishibori Hideki , Endo Takashi , Kubota Tetsuro , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) is thought to be involved in cancer growth and progression. TGF‐β1 changes to its active form after being secreted in its latent form. Our aim was to clarify the significance of plasma concentrations of active and total TGF‐β1 of patients with colorectal cancer. Plasma concentrations of active and total TGF‐β1 in 45 patients with colorectal cancer and 23 healthy volunteers were measured using ELISA and the activation rate (ratio of active to total TGF‐β1) was determined. Plasma concentrations of active TGF‐β1 (21.9 ± 12.8 pg/ml) were significantly higher in patients with colorectal cancer than in healthy volunteers (9.9 ± 5.9 pg/ml; p < 0.001, Welch's t‐test). Concentration of total TGF‐β1 was also significantly higher for patients with colorectal cancer (18.0 ± 13.0 ng/ml vs. 11.1 ± 6.4 ng/ml; p < 0.01, Welch's t‐test). However, there was no significant difference in the TGF‐β1 activation rate between the 2 groups. There was a correlation between Dukes' stage and plasma concentration of active or total TGF‐β1 (p < 0.01, Spearman's rank correlation test) and on day 7 the active TGF‐β1 levels for patients recovering from curative resection were similar to those of the control group of healthy volunteers. These results suggest that active TGF‐β1 might be used as a tumor marker for colorectal cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volatility of changes in G‐5 exchange rates and its market transmission mechanism
Authors: Huang Bwo‐Nung , Yang Chin Wei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the transmission mechanism of G‐5 exchange rate changes within each market and across the three major markets: London, New York and Tokyo. It is found that the volatility in both the London and New York markets leads that of Tokyo. In addition, the New York market slightly leads the London market in its volatility. After the Euro monetary system crisis, the frequencies of both the volatility spillover effect from London to New York and mutual feedback phenomena have increased. Furthermore, the volatility spillover effects from both London and New York to Tokyo have been on the rise after the Asian financial debacle. Within the framework of the causality model, we find better forecasting performance in predicting G‐5 exchange rates across the three markets. It outperforms the traditional ARMA model in terms of both in‐ and out‐sample forecasting. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaporation model of Lake Qaroun as influenced by lake salinity1
Authors: Ali H. , Madramootoo C.A. , Abdel Gwad S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA model for estimating monthly and annual evaporation of Lake Qaroun was developed using the energy budget concept. The evaporation is estimated from the amount of solar radiation, atmospheric long‐wave radiation, back radiation and evaporative energy. A modification is made to the energy equation to allow the calculation of evaporation from saline lakes by analyzing data from four evaporation pans with different salinities.The model simulations were checked against evaporation rates measured by Mankarous WF (1979. Hydrology of Lake Qaroun. MSc thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt). The monthly comparison shows that the model gives an acceptable accuracy with a relative error ranging from −12.4 to +12.9%. The model produces reliable results in terms of annual prediction with a maximum percent error of 3% and the minimum of −2.7%. The standard deviation of differences indicates that there is a good probability of obtaining simulated values within 0.8 mm (in May) to within 22.2 mm (in December) of measured values. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lining old irrigation canals: thoughts and trials1
Authors: Snell Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany irrigation systems contain unlined canals which are losing water by seepage, resulting not only in reduced water for crops but also in waterlogging near the canals. In many cases, scheme operators wish to give these old canals waterproof linings. This paper discusses ideas for lining such existing canals, and some field trials that were conducted on mature sand‐bed canals in Pakistan between 1994 and 1999. It describes 9 basic lining types and some of the 20 variants that were tested, and assesses their merits in terms of ease of construction, watertightness, durability and cost. It also assesses further ideas that were developed but not tested. No single lining type could be recommended for all conditions. The use of geomembranes was found to be usually justified, and various ways of protecting them from people, traffic and animals were tested. Ways of avoiding the need for temporary diversions by lining a canal quickly, including the use of precast concrete, were included. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the uncertainty about the half‐life of deviations from PPP
Authors: Kilian Lutz , Zha Tao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a Bayesian framework in which the uncertainty about the half‐life of deviations from purchasing power parity can be quantified. Based on the responses to a survey study, we propose a prior probability distribution for the half‐life under the recent float intended to capture widely held views among economists. We derive the posterior probability distribution of the half‐life under this consensus prior and confirm the presence of substantial uncertainty about the half‐life. We provide for the first time a comprehensive formal evaluation of several nonnested hypotheses of economic interest, including Rogoff's (1996) claim that the half‐life is contained in the range of 3 to 5 years. We find that no hypothesis receives strong support from the data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using R to teach econometrics
Authors: Racine Jeff , Hyndman Rob 
Published: August 2002

AbstractR, an open‐source programming environment for data analysis and graphics, has in only a decade grown to become a de‐facto standard for statistical analysis against which many popular commercial programs may be measured. The use of R for the teaching of econometric methods is appealing. It provides cutting‐edge statistical methods which are, by R's open‐source nature, available immediately. The software is stable, available at no cost, and exists for a number of platforms, including various flavours of Unix and Linux, Windows (9x/NT/2000), and the MacOS. Manuals are also available for download at no cost, and there is extensive on‐line information for the novice user. This review focuses on using R for teaching econometrics. Since R is an extremely powerful environment, this review should also be of interest to researchers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MMA/MPEOMA/VSA copolymer as a novel blood‐compatible material: Effect of PEO and negatively charged side chains on protein adsorption and platelet adhesion
Authors: Lee Jin Ho , Oh Se Heang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and negatively charged side chains on blood compatibility. For this, novel copolymers (MMA/MPEOMA/VSA copolymers) with both PEO and negatively chargeable side chains were synthesized by random copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), methoxy PEO monomethacrylate (MPEOMA; PEO mol wt 1000), and vinyl sulfonic acid sodium salt (VSA) monomers of different compositions. MMA/MPEOMA copolymer (with PEO side chains) and MMA/VSA copolymer (with negatively chargeable side groups) also were synthesized for purposes of comparison. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. They were coated onto polyurethane (PU) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films by spin coating. The surface properties of MMA/MPEOMA/VSA copolymers were compared by water contact angle and zeta potential with those of MMA/MPEOMA and MMA/VSA copolymers of similar MPEOMA or VSA composition. Using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, the behaviors of the adsorption of blood proteins (albumin, γ‐globulin, fibrinogen, and plasma proteins) and the adhesion of platelets on the copolymer‐coated surfaces also were compared. Among the copolymers, the MMA/MPEOMA/VSA copolymer with a monomer molar ratio 8:1:1 was observed to be particularly effective in preventing both protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on the surfaces, probably owing to the combined effects of highly mobile, hydrophilic PEO side chains and negatively charged side groups in aqueous solution. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 44–52, 2002
Novel synthesis and characterization of an AB‐type carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite
Authors: Gibson Iain R. , Bonfield William 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel synthesis route has been developed to produce a high‐purity mixed AB‐type carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) with a carbonate content that is comparable to the type and level observed in bone mineral. This method involves the aqueous precipitation in the presence of carbonate ions in solution of a calcium phosphate apatite with a Ca/P molar ratio greater than the stoichiometric value of 1.67 for hydroxyapatite (HA). The resulting calcium‐rich carbonate–apatite is sintered/heat‐treated in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to produce a single‐phase, crystalline carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite. In contrast to previous methods for producing B‐ or AB‐type carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatites, no sodium or ammonium ions, which would be present in the reaction mixture from the sodium or ammonium carbonates commonly used as a source of carbonate ions, were present in the final product. The chemical and phase compositions of the carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction, respectively, and the level and nature of the carbonate substitution were studied using C‐H‐N analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The carbonate substitution improves the densification of hydroxyapatite and reduces the sintering temperature required to achieve near‐full density by approximately 200°C compared to stoichiometric HA. Initial studies have shown that these carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatites have improved mechanical and biologic properties compared to stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 697–708, 2002
Mechanical and morphological study of biostable polyurethane heart valve leaflets explanted from sheep
Authors: Bernacca Gillian M. , Straub Ian , Wheatley David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo novel biostable polyurethanes, designated EV3.34 and EV3.35, were used to manufacture a flexible trileaflet heart valve. The valves were implanted in the mitral position in young adult (18 month) sheep. Six valves were electively explanted at 6 months and the remaining six valves at 9 months follow‐up. The leaflet material was examined by surface Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR/FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The leaflet material was also subjected to cyclic mechanical testing and, compared with unimplanted control material, to demonstrate any change in mechanical properties during implantation. There was no degradation of functional groups detected by ATR/FTIR, although there was a slight surface enrichment of siloxane soft segment. Surface morphology of the explanted leaflet material was similar to unimplanted control material. EV3.34 demonstrated similar inelastic energy loss behavior, with no significant change in residual strain in explanted compared with control material. EV3.35 demonstrated a reduction in inelastic energy and residual strain in explanted compared with control material. There is no evidence of biodegradation of these siloxane‐based polyurethanes, in functional valves up to 9 months implantation in sheep. The FTIR and SEM findings are supported by the retention of mechanical properties of the materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 138–145, 2002
Effects of isoeugenol on oxidative stress pathways in normal and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Rauscher Frederick M. , Sanders Ruth A. , Watkins John B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBecause some complications of diabetes mellitus may result from oxidative damage, we investigated the effects of subacute treatment (10mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal [ip], for 14 days) with the antioxidant isoeugenol on the oxidant defense system in normal and 30‐day streptozotocin‐induced diabetic Sprague‐Dawley rats. Liver, kidney, brain, and heart were assayed for degree of lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione content, and activities of the free radical–detoxifying enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. All tissues from diabetic animals exhibited disturbances in antioxidant defense when compared with normal controls. Treatment with isoeugenol reversed diabetic effects on hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity and on oxidized glutathione concentration in brain. Treatment with the lipophilic compound isoeugenol also decreased lipid peroxidation in both liver and heart of normal animals and decreased hepatic oxidized glutathione content in both normal and diabetic rats. Some effects of isoeugenol treatment, such as decreased activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in diabetic rats, were unrelated to the oxidative effects of diabetes. In heart of diabetic animals, isoeugenol treatment resulted in an exacerbation of already elevated activities of catalase. These results indicate that isoeugenol therapy may not reverse diabetic oxidative stress in an overall sense. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:159–164, 2001
Relative effects of VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C on endothelial cell proliferation, migration and PAF synthesis: Role of neuropilin‐1
Authors: Bernatchez Pascal N. , Rollin Simon , Soker Shay , Sirois Martin G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A) is an inducer of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, and synthesis of inflammatory agents such as platelet‐activating factor (PAF). Recently, neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1) has been described as a coreceptor of KDR which potentiates VEGF‐A activity. However, the role of NRP‐1 in numerous VEGF‐A activities remains unclear. To assess the contribution of NRP‐1 to VEGF‐A mediated EC proliferation, migration, and PAF synthesis, we used porcine aortic EC (PAEC) recombinantly expressing Flt‐1, NRP‐1, KDR or KDR and NRP‐1. Cells were stimulated with VEGF‐A, which binds to Flt‐1, KDR and NRP‐1, and VEGF‐C, which binds to KDR only. VEGF‐A was 12.4‐fold more potent than VEGF‐C in inducing KDR phosphorylation in PAEC‐KDR. VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C showed similar potency to mediate PAEC‐KDR proliferation, migration, and PAF synthesis. On PAEC‐KDR/NRP‐1, VEGF‐A was 28.6‐fold more potent than VEGF‐C in inducing KDR phosphorylation and PAEC‐KDR/NRP‐1 proliferation (1.3‐fold), migration (1.7‐fold), and PAF synthesis (4.6‐fold). These results suggest that cooperative binding of VEGF‐A to KDR and NRP‐1 enhances KDR phosphorylation and its biological activities. Similar results were obtained with bovine aortic EC that endogenously express both KDR and NRP‐1 receptors. In contrast, stimulation of PAEC‐Flt‐1 and PAEC‐NRP‐1 with VEGF‐A or VEGF‐C did not induce proliferation, migration, or PAF synthesis. In conclusion, the presence of NRP‐1 on EC preferentially increases KDR activation by VEGF‐A as well as KDR‐mediated biological activities, and may elicit novel intracellular events. On the other hand, VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C have equipotent biological activities on EC in absence of NRP‐1. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 629–639, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specificity of SAF‐A and lamin B binding in vitro correlates with the satellite DNA bending state
Authors: Lobov Ivan B. , Tsutsui Ken , Mitchell Arthur R. , Podgornaya Olga I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is evidence that Matrix Attachment Region (MAR)‐binding proteins also bind satellite DNA (satDNA). The aim of the current work was to determine whether the major nuclear matrix (NM) MAR‐binding proteins are able to recognize satDNAs of different locations and what DNA structural features are important for the recognition. In nuclei and NM, a number of the same polypeptides were recognized on a southwestern blot when MAR of immunoglobulin κ gene (Ig κ MAR) and pericentromeric (periCEN) satDNA fragments were used. However, the binding decreased dramatically when human and mouse CEN satDNA were used for the probes. After an NM extract was subjected to ion exchange chromatography, the main DNA‐binding proteins were identified as SAF‐A (scaffold attachment factor A) and lamin B. It was not possible to test the binding of lamin B by gel mobility shift assay (GMSA), but SAF‐A showed an ability to distinguish CEN and periCEN satDNA fragments in GMSA. While periCEN fragments have an abnormally slow mobility on electrophoresis, which is a hallmark of bent DNA, CEN satDNA fragments have a normal mobility. A computer analysis was done using the wedge model (Ulanovsky and Trifonov [1987] Nature 326:720–722), which describes how the curved state depends on particular nucleotide sequences. The curved states of the fragments predicted by the model are in good agreement with their ability to be recognized by NM proteins. Thus SAF‐A and lamin B are able to recognize conserved structural features of satDNA in the same way that MAR‐binding proteins recognize MARs in spite of a lack of a consensus sequence. CEN and periCEN satDNAs are distinguished by proteins in correlation with the helical curvature of these fragments. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 218–229, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.