bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Levels of Viral Replication Contrast with Only Transient Changes in CD4+and CD8+Cell Numbers during the Early Phase of Experimental Infection with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmnd-1 inMandrillus sphinx
Authors: Onanga Richard , Kornfeld Christopher , Pandrea Ivona , Estaquier Jerome , Souquière Sandrine , Rouquet Pierre , Mavoungou Virginie Poaty , Bourry Olivier , M'Boup Souleymane , Barré-Sinoussi Françoise , Simon François , Apetrei Cristian , Roques Pierre , Müller-Trutwin Michaela C. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTEarly events during human immunodeficiency virus infections are considered to reflect the capacity of the host to control infection. We have studied early virus and host parameters during the early phase of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmnd-1 nonpathogenic infection in its natural host,Mandrillus sphinx. Four mandrills were experimentally infected with a primary SIVmnd-1 strain derived from a naturally infected mandrill. Two noninfected control animals were monitored in parallel. Blood and lymph nodes were collected at three time points before infection, twice a week during the first month, and at days 60, 180, and 360 postinfection (p.i.). Anti-SIVmnd-1 antibodies were detected starting from days 28 to 32 p.i. Neither elevated temperature nor increased lymph node size were observed. The viral load in plasma peaked between days 7 to 10 p.i. (2 × 106to 2 × 108RNA equivalents/ml). Viremia then decreased 10- to 1,000-fold, reaching the viral set point between days 30 to 60 p.i. The levels during the chronic phase of infection were similar to that in the naturally infected donor mandrill (2 × 105RNA equivalents/ml). The CD4+cell numbers and percentages in blood and lymph nodes decreased slightly (<10%) during primary infection, and CD8+cell numbers increased transiently. All values returned to preinfection infection levels by day 30 p.i. CD8+cell numbers or percentages, in peripheral blood and lymph nodes, did not increase during the 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, SIVmnd-1 has the capacity for rapid and extensive replication in mandrills. Despite high levels of viremia, CD4+and CD8+cell numbers remained stable in the post-acute phase of infection, raising questions regarding the susceptibility of mandrill T cells to activation and/or cell death in response to SIVmnd-1 infection in vivo.
Sequential Localization of Two Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Proteins to Punctate Nuclear Dots Adjacent to ICP0 Domains
Authors: Hutchinson Ian , Whiteley Alison , Browne Helena , Elliott Gillian 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
The subcellular localization of herpes simplex virus tegument proteins during infection is varied and complex. By using viruses expressing tegument proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins, we previously demonstrated that the major tegument protein VP22 exhibits a cytoplasmic localization, whereas the major tegument protein VP13/14 localizes to nuclear replication compartments and punctate domains. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a second minor population of VP22 in nuclear dots similar in appearance to those formed by VP13/14. We have constructed the first-described doubly fluorescence-tagged virus expressing VP22 and VP13/14 as fusion proteins with cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein, respectively. Visualization of both proteins within the same live infected cells has indicated that these two tegument proteins localize to the same nuclear dots but that VP22 appears there earlier than VP13/14. Further studies have shown that these tegument-specific dots are detectable as phase-dense bodies as early as 2 h after infection and that they are different from the previously described nuclear domains that contain capsid proteins. They are also different from the ICP0 domains formed at cellular nuclear domain 10 sites early in infection but, in almost all cases, are located in juxtaposition to these ICP0 domains. Hence, these tegument proteins join a growing number of proteins that are targeted to discrete nuclear domains in the herpesvirus-infected cell nucleus.
BCL-2 and BAX Protect Adult Mice from Lethal Sindbis Virus Infection but Do Not Protect Spinal Cord Motor Neurons or Prevent Paralysis
Authors: Kerr Douglas A. , Larsen Thomas , Cook Susan H. , Fannjiang Yih-Ru , Choi Eunkyung , Griffin Diane E. , Hardwick J. Marie , Irani David N. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
Cellular proteins that regulate apoptotic cell death can modulate the outcome of Sindbis virus (SV) encephalitis in mice. Both endogenous and overexpressed BCL-2 and BAX proteins protect newborn mice from fatal SV infection by blocking apoptosis in infected neurons. To determine the effects of these cellular factors on the course of infection in older animals, a more neurovirulent SV vector (dsNSV) was constructed from a viral strain that causes both prominent spinal cord infection with hind-limb paralysis and death in weanling mice. This vector has allowed assessment of the effects of BCL-2 and BAX on both mortality and paralysis in these hosts. Similar to newborn hosts, weanling mice infected with dsNSV encoding BCL-2 or BAX survived better than animals infected with control viruses. This finding indicates that BCL-2 and BAX both protect neurons that mediate host survival. Neither cellular factor, however, could suppress the development of hind-limb paralysis or prevent the degeneration of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord. Infection of BAX knockout mice with dsNSV demonstrated that endogenous BAX also enhances the survival of animals but has no effect on paralysis. These findings for the spinal cord are consistent with earlier data showing that dying lumbar motor neurons do not exhibit an apoptotic morphology. Thus, divergent cell death pathways are activated in different target populations of neurons during neurovirulent SV infection of weanling mice.
HARMONIC MORPHISMS WITH ONE-DIMENSIONAL FIBRES
Authors: PANTILIE RADU 
Published: September 2002

We study harmonic morphisms by placing them into the context of conformal foliations. Most of the results we obtain hold for fibres of dimension one and codomains of dimension not equal to two. We consider foliations which produce harmonic morphisms on both compact and noncompact Riemannian manifolds. By using integral formulae, we prove an extension to one-dimensional foliations which produce harmonic morphisms of the well-known result of S. Bochner concerning Killing fields on compact Riemannian manifolds with nonpositive Ricci curvature. From the noncompact case, we improve a result of R. L. Bryant[9] regarding harmonic morphisms with one-dimensional fibres defined on Riemannian manifolds of dimension at least four with constant sectional curvature. Our method gives an entirely new and geometrical proof of Bryant's result. The concept of homothetic foliation (or, more generally, homothetic distribution) which we introduce, appears as a useful tool both in proofs and in providing new examples of harmonic morphisms, with fibres of any dimension.
Population-Based Trends in Complexity of Hospital Inpatients
Authors: Naik Hiten , Murray Tyler M. , Khan Mayesha , Daly-Grafstein Daniel , Liu Guiping , Kassen Barry O. , Onrot Jake , Sutherland Jason M. , Staples John A. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceClinical experience suggests that hospital inpatients have become more complex over time, but few studies have evaluated this impression.ObjectiveTo assess whether there has been an increase in measures of hospital inpatient complexity over a 15-year period.Design, Setting and ParticipantsThis cohort study used population-based administrative health data from nonelective hospitalizations from April 1, 2002, to January 31, 2017, to describe trends in the complexity of inpatients in British Columbia, Canada. Hospitalizations were included for individuals 18 years and older and for which the most responsible diagnosis did not correspond to pregnancy, childbirth, the puerperal period, or the perinatal period. Data analysis was performed from July to November 2023.ExposureThe passage of time (15-year study interval).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMeasures of complexity included patient characteristics at the time of admission (eg, advanced age, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, recent hospitalization), features of the index hospitalization (eg, admission via the emergency department, multiple acute medical problems, use of intensive care, prolonged length of stay, in-hospital adverse events, in-hospital death), and 30-day outcomes after hospital discharge (eg, unplanned readmission, all-cause mortality). Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative change in each measure of complexity over the entire 15-year study interval.ResultsThe final study cohort included 3 367 463 nonelective acute care hospital admissions occurring among 1 272 444 unique individuals (median [IQR] age, 66 [48-79] years; 49.1% female and 50.8% male individuals). Relative to the beginning of the study interval, inpatients at the end of the study interval were more likely to have been admitted via the emergency department (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% CI, 2.71-2.77), to have multimorbidity (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.47-1.53) and polypharmacy (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.78-1.85) at presentation, to receive treatment for 5 or more acute medical issues (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 2.02-2.09), and to experience an in-hospital adverse event (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.19-1.22). The likelihood of an intensive care unit stay and of in-hospital death declined over the study interval (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.97, and OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.80-0.83, respectively), but the risks of unplanned readmission and death in the 30 days after discharge increased (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12-1.16, and OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.25-1.31, respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceBy most measures, hospital inpatients have become more complex over time. Health system planning should account for these trends.
Publication of Results of Registered Trials With Published Study Protocols, 2011-2022
Authors: Vorland Colby J. , Brown Andrew W. , Kilicoglu Halil , Ying Xiangji , Mayo-Wilson Evan 
Published: January 2024

ImportancePublishing study protocols might reduce research waste because of unclear methods or incomplete reporting; on the other hand, there might be few additional benefits of publishing protocols for registered trials that are never completed or published. No study has investigated the proportion of published protocols associated with published results.ObjectiveTo estimate the proportion of published trial protocols for which there are not associated published results.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used stratified random sampling to identify registered clinical trials with protocols published between January 2011 and August 2022 and indexed in PubMed Central. Ongoing studies and those within 1 year of the primary completion date on ClinicalTrials.gov were excluded. Published results were sought from August 2022 to March 2023 by searching ClinicalTrials.gov, emailing authors, and using an automated tool, as well as through incidental discovery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a weighted estimate of the proportion of registered trials with published protocols that also had published main results. The proportion of trials with unpublished results was estimated using a weighted mean.ResultsFrom 1500 citations that were screened, 308 clinical trial protocols were included, and it was found that 87 trials had not published their main results. Most included trials were investigator-initiated evaluations of nonregulated products. When published, results appeared a mean (SD) of 3.4 (2.0) years after protocol publications. With the use of a weighted mean, an estimated 4754 (95% CI, 4296-5226) eligible clinical trial protocols were published and indexed in PubMed Central between 2011 and 2022. In the weighted analysis, 1708 of those protocols (36%; 95% CI, 31%-41%) were not associated with publication of main results. In a sensitivity analysis excluding protocols published after 2019, an estimated 25% (95% CI, 20%-30%) of 3670 (95% CI, 3310-4032) protocol publications were not associated with publication of main results.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of clinical trial protocols published on PubMed Central between 2011 and 2022 suggests that many protocols were not associated with subsequent publication of results. The overall benefits of publishing study protocols might outweigh the research waste caused by unnecessary protocol publications.
Sibling Death in Childhood and Early Adulthood and Risk of Early-Onset Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Huang Chen , Peng Jiahuan , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Wang Ce , Wei Kecheng , Liang Minhong , Qin Guoyou , Yu Yongfu , Li Jiong 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceSibling death is a highly traumatic event, but empirical evidence on the association of sibling death in childhood and early adulthood with subsequent risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between sibling death in the early decades of life and subsequent risk of incident early-onset CVD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study included 2 098 659 individuals born in Denmark from 1978 to 2018. Follow-up started at age 1 year or the date of the first sibling’s birth, whichever occurred later, and it ended at the first diagnosis of CVD, the date of death, emigration, or December 31, 2018, whichever came first. Data analyses were conducted from November 1, 2021, through January 10, 2022.ExposuresThe death of a sibling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome was early-onset CVD. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsThis study included 2 098 659 individuals (1 076 669 [51.30%] male; median [IQR] age at death of sibling, 11.48 [4.68-21.32] years). During the median (IQR) follow-up of 17.52 (8.85-26.05) years, 1286 and 76 862 individuals in the bereaved and nonbereaved groups, respectively, were diagnosed with CVD. Sibling death in childhood and early adulthood was associated with a 17% increased risk of overall CVD (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.23; cumulative incidence in bereaved individuals, 1.96% [1.61%-2.34%]; cumulative incidence in nonbereaved individuals at age 41 years, 1.35% [1.34%-1.37%]; cumulative incidence difference: 0.61% [95% CI, 0.24%-0.98%]). Increased risks were also observed for most type-specific CVDs, in particular for myocardial infarction (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.12-2.46), ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22-1.90), and heart failure (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.00-2.26). The association was observed whether the sibling died due to CVD (HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 2.04-3.17) or non-CVD (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19) causes. The increased risk of CVD was more pronounced for individuals who lost a twin or younger sibling (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.36) than an elder sibling (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.20).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of the Danish population, sibling death in childhood and early adulthood was associated with increased risks of overall and most type-specific early-onset CVDs, with the strength of associations varying by cause of death and age difference between sibling pairs. The findings highlight the need for extra attention and support to the bereaved siblings to reduce CVD risk later in life.
A Conformable Holographic Sensing Bandage for Wound Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Hu Yubing , Montelongo Yunuen , Hsu Mintin , Blyth Jeff , Jiang Nan , Yetisen Ali K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChronic wound monitoring can provide personalized pathophysiological information for wound management and treatment. Continuously monitoring the wound milieu via the holographic pH sensor can reflect the wound healing processes. However, the integration with wearable devices is hindered by its inherently restricted interrogation angle dependency within 5°. Herein, a ball bearing‐based double photopolymerization method is developed to fabricate holographic pH sensors with a broader interrogation angle range of 15°–60° in wound exudates. The fabricated holographic pH sensor is then integrated with the flexible ultrathin polyurethane substrate, which replays a total Bragg peak shift of approximately 150 nm with physiological pH changes from 7.00 to 8.75. The conformable holographic pH sensing bandages demonstrate the ability to quantify the pH value under various bending manipulations, simulating the mounting on the body surface. The reversibility in artificial wound exudate demonstrates the durability and capability of real‐time pH monitoring in the wound milieu with minimal effect on the replay wavelength. The addition of electrolytes, albumin, urea, uric acid, lactate, and glucose does not interfere with the readout over the physiological pH range of wound exudates. The obtained conformable holographic sensing bandage benefits the wound healing process monitoring through colorimetric interrogation at point‐of‐care (POC) settings.
Porous Composite‐Mediated Bimetallic Cluster POMs/Zr‐MOF for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Han Yi‐Wen , Ye Lei , Gong Tian‐Jun , Lu Xue‐Bin , Fu Yao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSynergistic catalytic effects and metal node modulation are pivotal to the performance of multifunctional catalysts.We present a versatile strategy for constructing bimetallic M1M2 cluster catalysts (polyoxometalates (POMs)/Zr‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Zr‐MOF); M1 = Zr; M2 = W, V, Mo) by a microwave‐assisted in‐situ precoordination‐postmodification approach, which consisted of the grafting of POM single clusters onto Zr–O clusters of hierarchical porous composites (defective Zr‐MOF (HUiO‐66x)) and the modulation of metal nodes in Zr‐MOF. Hierarchical porosity and double active centers in the POMs/Zr‐MOF result in greater accessibility to catalytic sites and adjustable acid–base properties, thus providing opportunities for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass‐derived aldehydes/ketones. The synergistic acid–base couple sites (W6+–O2−–Zr4+) not only bridge hydrogen donors into the reaction system but also promote the dissociation of α‐C(sp3)‐H from isopropanol and subsequent hydrogen transfer to the activated carbonyl in furfural. Enhanced substrate adsorption and decreased activation barrier of the rate‐determining step are keys for the direct hydrogen transfer from carbonyl compounds to near‐quantitative corresponding alcohols via an eight‐membered‐ring transition state to achieving unprecedented low‐temperature catalytic performance over bimetallic Zr–W clusters. The proposed general method of bimetallic cluster catalysts reveals the roles of accessible metal modulation and synergistic catalytic centers toward specific catalysis.
Pre‐Embedded Multisite Chiral Molecules Realize Bottom‐Up Multilayer Manipulation toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Qian , Liu Baibai , Chen Yu , Ma Danqing , Han Xiao , He Dongmei , Zhang Zhengfu , Yang Hua , Ding Liming , Feng Jing , Yi Jianhong , Chen Cong , Chen Jiangzhao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe defects from functional layers and interface, the agglomeration of SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs), and poor perovskite crystallization are the main barrier to further heightening the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of regular perovskite solar cells. Here, a bottom‐up multilayer manipulation strategy by pre‐embedding multisite racemic DL‐cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (DLCH) into the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) is reported. The positively and negatively charged defects from ETL, perovskite layer and their interface can be passivated through the synergistic effect of the ─SH, ─COOH, ─NH3+, and Cl− groups in DLCH. The synergy of multiple functional groups and multiple chemical bonds enables bottom‐up cross‐layer passivation, which minimizes bulk and interfacial nonradiative recombination losses. Furthermore, the multifunctional DLCH plays a role in inhibiting the agglomeration of SnO2 NPs, managing photons, relieving interfacial tensile stress, and manipulating perovskite crystallization. Benefiting from the above advantages, the DLCH‐incorporating device delivers a PCE of 24.01%, which is much higher than the 21.61% of the control device. Moreover, the DLCH‐modified devices demonstrate inviting thermal and ambient stabilities by maintaining 93% of the initial efficiency after aging at 65 °C for 1800 h and 95% of the original PCE after aging under a relative humidity of 20–25% for 2000 h.
Highly Ordered Eutectic Mesostructures via Template‐Directed Solidification within Thermally Engineered Templates
Authors: Kang Sung Bum , Huang Guanglong , Singhal Gaurav , Xie Dajie , Hsieh Daniel H. , Lee Youngmun , Kulkarni Ashish A. , Smith John W. , Chen Qian , Thornton Katsuyo , Sinha Sanjiv , Braun Paul V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTemplate‐directed self‐assembly of solidifying eutectics results in emergence of unique microstructures due to diffusion constraints and thermal gradients imposed by the template. Here, the importance of selecting the template material based on its conductivity to control heat transfer between the template and the solidifying eutectic, and thus the thermal gradients near the solidification front, is demonstrated. Simulations elucidate the relationship between the thermal properties of the eutectic and template and the resultant microstructure. The overarching finding is that templates with low thermal conductivities are generally advantageous for forming highly organized microstructures. When electrochemically porosified silicon pillars (thermal conductivity < 0.3 Wm−1K−1) are used as the template into which an AgCl‐KCl eutectic is solidified, 99% of the unit cells in the solidified structure exhibit the same pattern. In contrast, when higher thermal conductivity crystalline silicon pillars (≈100 Wm−1K−1) are utilized, the expected pattern is only present in 50% of the unit cells. The thermally engineered template results in mesostructures with tunable optical properties and reflectances nearly identical to the simulated reflectances of perfect structures, indicating highly ordered patterns are formed over large areas. This work highlights the importance of controlling heat flows in template‐directed self‐assembly of eutectics.
Ultraclean Interface of Metal Chalcogenides with Metal through Confined Interfacial Chalcogenization
Authors: Yoo Min Seok , Byun Kyung‐Eun , Lee Hyangsook , Lee Min‐Hyun , Kwon Junyoung , Kim Sang Won , Jeong Unyong , Seol Minsu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcquisition of defect‐free transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) channels with clean heterojunctions is a critical issue in the production of TMD‐based functional electronic devices. Conventional approaches have transferred TMD onto a target substrate, and then apply the typical device fabrication processes. Unfortunately, those processes cause physical and chemical defects in the TMD channels. Here, a novel synthetic process of TMD thin films, named confined interfacial chalcogenization (CIC) is proposed. In the proposed synthesis, a uniform TMDlayer is created at the Au/transition metal (TM) interface by diffusion of chalcogen through the upper Au layer and the reaction of chalcogen with the underlying TM. CIC allows for ultraclean heterojunctions with the metals, synthesis of various homo‐ and hetero‐structured TMDs, and in situ TMD channel formation in the last stage of device fabrication. The mechanism of TMD growth is revealed by the TM‐accelerated chalcogen diffusion, epitaxial growth of TMD on Au(111). We demonstrated a wafer‐scale TMD‐based vertical memristors which exhibit excellent statistical concordance in device performance enabled by the ultraclean heterojunctions and superior uniformity in thickness. CIC proposed in this study represents a breakthrough in in TMD‐based electronic device fabrication and marking a substantial step toward practical next‐generation integrated electronics.