bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of a positive tau PET scan with a negative amyloid PET scan
Authors: Robinson Carling G. , Lee Jeyeon , Min Paul H. , Przybelski Scott A. , Josephs Keith A. , Jones David T. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Boeve Bradley F. , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Machulda Mary M. , Fields Julie A. , Lowe Val J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe implications of positive tau positron emission tomography (T) with negative beta amyloid positron emission tomography (A) are not well understood. We investigated cognitive performance in participants who were T+ but A‐.METHODSWe evaluated 98 participants from the Mayo Clinic who were T+ and A‐. Participants were matched 2:1 to A‐ and T‐ cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls. Cognitive test scores were compared between different groups.RESULTSThe A‐T+ group demonstrated lower performance than the A‐T‐ group on the Mini‐Mental Status Exam (MMSE) (p < 0.001), Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised Logical Memory I (p < 0.001) and Logical Memory II (p < 0.001), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) delayed recall (p = 0.004), category fluency (animals p = 0.005; vegetables p = 0.021), Trail Making Test A and B (p < 0.001), and others. There were no significant differences in demographic features or apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 genotype between CU A‐T+ and CI A‐T+.DISCUSSIONA‐T+ participants show an association with lower cognitive performance.
Demographic profiles and risk factors for mortality in acute meningitis: A nationwide population‐based observational study
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Tarasawa Kunio , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yaegashi Nobuo , Aoki Masashi , Fujimori Kenji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimAcute meningitis encompasses bacterial, viral (aseptic), fungal, tuberculous, and carcinomatous meningitis. The rate and risks of mortality in each type remain uncertain. This study aimed to elucidate these aspects in each type of meningitis.MethodsThis study utilized Japan's nationwide administrative Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database. Patients with acute meningitis, treated at 1132 DPC‐covered hospitals from 2016 to 2022, were enrolled.ResultsAmong 47,366,222 cumulative hospitalized patients, 48,758 (0.10%) were hospitalized with acute meningitis. The types of meningitis were as follows: 10,338 with bacterial, 29,486 with viral/aseptic, 965 with fungal, 678 with tuberculous, and 3790 with carcinomatous meningitis. Bacterial and viral meningitis exhibited bimodal age distributions, with the first peak occurring at 0–9 years. The median onset age was below 50 years only in viral meningitis. The mortality rate was the highest in carcinomatous meningitis (39%), followed by fungal meningitis (21%), and the lowest in viral meningitis (0.61%). Mortality rates increased with age across all meningitis types, but this trend was less prominent in carcinomatous meningitis. The duration from admission to mortality was longer in fungal and tuberculous meningitis compared with other types. Staphylococcus aureus in bacterial meningitis (adjusted odds ratio 1.71; p = 0.0016) and herpes simplex virus in viral meningitis (adjusted odds ratio 1.53; p = 0.0467) exhibited elevated mortality rates.ConclusionDistinct demographic profiles and mortality rates were observed among different meningitis types. The high mortality rates in less common types of meningitis emphasize the necessity to further optimize the required diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Enabling Polymer Single Crystals to Be High‐Performance Dielectric
Authors: Chen Min , Ong Wee‐Liat , Peng Boyu , Guo Xuyun , Ren Jie , Zhu Ye , Li Hanying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSemicrystalline polymer dielectrics (SPDs) are highly sought‐after state‐of‐the‐art dielectric materials. As the disorder in SPDs degrades their electrical properties, homogeneously ordered SPDs are desired. However, complex crystallization behaviors of polymers make such homogeneity elusive. Polymer lamellar single crystals (PLSCs), the most regularly‐ordered form of SPDs possible under mild crystallizing conditions, are ideal platforms for understanding and developing high‐performance dielectric materials. Here, a typical and widely used SPD, polyethylene (PE) is selected as the model material. We successfully obtained, large, uniform, and high‐quality PE PLSCs and devised a non‐destructive strategy to construct PE PLSC‐based vertical capacitors. These nanometer‐thick capacitors exhibit exceptional dielectric properties, with a high breakdown strength of 6.95 MV/cm and a low dielectric constant of 2.14±0.07, that outperform the properties of any existing neat PE. This work provides novel insights into exploring the performance possibility of ordered SPDs and reveals the PLSCs as potential high‐performance dielectric materials.
A relational understanding of the needs of siblings of children who have been sexually abused
Authors: Dwan Maeve 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis participatory research project highlighted the views and experiences of young people who are the brothers and sisters of children and young people who have experienced child sexual abuse. By working with young people who had experienced sexual abuse and their siblings, this practitioner research sought to give these young people a voice. The research involved a group process with young people who have experienced sexual abuse and have siblings, and one‐to‐one online consultations with the brothers and sisters of young people who have experienced abuse. All the young people spoke of their sibling and family relationships as unique and requiring unique responses to these relationships by services and health‐care professionals. Siblings’ needs in the aftermath of a child sexual abuse discovery are often overlooked. This research describes how just as children who have experienced sexual abuse may feel anger, fear, guilt, shame, anxiety, and confusion, so do their siblings. Brothers and sisters of young people who have experienced sexual abuse describe significant relational trauma with intense emotional experiences of isolation, confusion, sadness, and anger. There is a real need to support young people and families to find words and develop capacities to talk about child sexual abuse ‐‐ a need to find supportive ways to speak about what has occurred and understand its impact on all. The study clearly demonstrated the significant level of need and impact on brothers and sisters of young people who have experienced sexual abuse.
LDPE/Bi2O3 nanocomposites: Enhanced mechanical, dielectric, and optical properties
Authors: Şahin Nazlıcan , Beyazay Emre , Karabul Yaşar , Kılıç Mehmet , Esmer Kadir , Güven Özdemir Zeynep 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study is focused on investigating the role of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles to improve structural, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). For this purpose, Bi2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by using the solvothermal method and examined by transmission electron microscopes (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) light absorption methods. LDPE‐based nanocomposites were prepared by changing the nanoparticle additive ratio in the composite from 0% to 2% by weight. The composites were analyzed in the context of their FTIR spectra, atomic force microscope (AFM) images, UV–Vis light absorption spectra, stress–strain curves, and energy storage abilities. While the AFM findings indicate a smoother surface for the composites, the optical band gap analysis reveals a slightly decreased direct optical band gap energy. The analyses based on dielectric spectroscopy also highlight the LDPE/0.5% n‐Bi2O3 composite in terms of the best energy storage capability. Additionally, the highest Young's modulus, toughness, stress at break, and percentage of strain at break were also recorded for the LDPE/0.5% n‐Bi2O3 composite. In this context, the LDPE/0.5% n‐Bi2O3 composite with improved dielectric and mechanical properties can be suggested as a new promising LDPE‐based nanocomposite with better properties for industrial purposes.
Radiosynthesis and whole‐body distribution in mice of a 18F‐labeled azepino[4,3‐b]indole‐1‐one derivative with multimodal activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lee Sang Hee , Purgatorio Rosa , Samarelli Francesco , Catto Marco , Denora Nunzio , Morgese Maria Grazia , Tucci Paolo , Trabace Luigia , Kim Hye Won , Park Hyun Soo , Kim Sang Eun , Lee Byung Chul , de Candia Modesto , Altomare Cosimo D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, the azepino[4,3‐b]indole‐1‐one derivative 1 showed in vitro nanomolar inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the ChE isoform that plays a role in the progression and pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and protects against N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartate‐induced neuronal toxicity. Three 9‐R‐substituted (R = F, Br, OMe) congeners were investigated. The 9‐F derivative (2a) was found more potent as BChE inhibitors (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration value = 21 nM) than 2b (9‐Br) and 2c (9‐OMe), achieving a residence time (38 s), assessed by surface plasmon resonance, threefold higher than that of 1. To progress in featuring the in vivo pharmacological characterization of 2a, herein the 18F‐labeled congener 2a was synthesized, by applying the aromatic 18F‐fluorination method, and its whole‐body distribution in healthy mice, including brain penetration, was evaluated through positron emission tomography imaging. [18F]2a exhibited a rapid and high brain uptake (3.35 ± 0.26% ID g−1 at 0.95 ± 0.15 min after injection), followed by a rapid clearance (t1/2 = 6.50 ± 0.93 min), showing good blood–brain barrier crossing. After a transient liver accumulation of [18F]2a, the intestinal and urinary excretion was quantified. Finally, ex vivo pharmacological experiments in mice showed that the unlabeled 2a affects the transmitters' neurochemistry, which might be favorable to reverse cognition impairment in mild‐to‐moderate AD‐related dementias.
Artificial intelligence in the information ecosystem: Affordances for everyday information seeking
Authors: Hirvonen Noora , Jylhä Ville , Lao Yucong , Larsson Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this conceptual article, we argue that artificial intelligence (AI) systems are contributing to the generation of an environment of affordances for everyday information practices through which they exert influence on people and the planet in ways that often are left unrecognized. We illustrate our insights by focusing on the practices of information seeking in everyday life, suggesting that the affordances of AI systems integrated into search engines, social media platforms, streaming services, and media generation, shape such practices in ways that may, paradoxically, result both in the increase and reduction of diversity of and access to information. We discuss the potential implications of these developments in terms of the sustainability of information ecosystems and suggest solutions for addressing them through regulation and education. Drawing from the fields of library and information science and science and technology studies and research on affordances, everyday information practices, and sustainability, the article seeks to respond to the need for more nuanced theoretical insights on the impact and implications of AI on information practices and to develop conceptual tools with which to examine the co‐evolution of humans and information systems from a systemic perspective.
Evaluation of gadolinium‐based contrast agents in juvenile CD‐1 mice including behavioral evaluations
Authors: Lewis Elise M. , Jones Paul , Clemens Guenther , Fretellier Nathalie , Bussi Simona , Hirani Ella , Czupalla Oliver , Tedoldi Fabio , Bourrinet Phillipe , Hoberman Alan M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionSeven gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs), four linear and three macrocyclic, were evaluated for potential effects on development, including behavior of juvenile CD‐1 mice.MethodsThe GBCAs were administered via intravenous injection once daily on postnatal day (PND) 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 (PND 1 was the day of delivery) at doses up to twice the human equivalent clinical dose (i.e., 0.63 mmol Gd/kg for gadoxetate disodium and 2.5 mmol Gd/kg for the other GBCAs). Mice were bled for evaluation of exposure (plasma) to gadolinium (Gd) on PND 9, 12, and 70. At scheduled euthanasia, the liver, spleen, brain, skin (dorsal surface), bone (left femur), and kidneys were excised from up to six mice/sex/group on PND 10, 22, or 70 for the determination of Gd levels and histopathological analysis. All mice were monitored for toxicity, growth and survival, sexual maturation, and behavior.ConclusionGd was quantifiable in the brain tissues with levels declining over time. There was no long‐term effect on the growth and development for mice exposed to any of the GBCAs. There was no impact on neurodevelopment as assessed by brain histology and validated neurobehavioral tests, including a functional observational battery, motor activity, and learning and memory as evaluated in the Morris water maze. For all GBCAs, the highest dose tested represented the no‐observable‐adverse‐effect level in juvenile mice.
Use of surgical grafting as a part of multidisciplinary treatment for a patient treated with fixed orthodontic therapy to improve treatment outcomes
Authors: Viet Hoang , Phuoc Tran Hong , Tuyen Hoang Ming , Marya Anand 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical AbstractMultidisciplinary treatment options can help provide good clinical outcomes if these are appropriately sequenced and carried out correctly. This case exemplifies interdisciplinary involvement to ensure the patient received an improved esthetic outcome.AbstractThe presence of anterior diastemas may compromise the esthetics of a patient's smile, causing mental, and social trauma in many patients. After careful evaluation Periodontal, surgical, and prosthodontic treatments are sometimes required to ensure successful treatment outcomes using a multidisciplinary staged treatment approach. These approaches must be carefully planned to ensure timely treatment progress. Surgical intervention must be planned at the right point in treatment to ensure adequate healing before placement of esthetic restorations.
Bioheterojunction‐Engineered System: A New Mechanism of BP/MoS2 Photothermal‐Photocatalytic Dual‐Power Synergistic Sterilization under NIR
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Pan Yueqi , Chen Yihan , Yang Zhiwei , He Dongcai , Feng Nan , Wang Weijie , Li Yunfeng , Chen Danna , Chen Xianchun , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this research, a high‐efficiency nano‐fungicide with synergistic effect was obtained by combining polycrystalline MoS2 with layered nano‐BP to form heterojunction, which had a new photothermal‐photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism to Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative and drug‐resistance bacteria under NIR. BP/MoS2 whose lethality of bacteria could reach nearly 100 % at 400 μg/L, exhibited the highest photothermal lysis efficiency against E. coli, B. pumilus and A. baumannii. It was found that the heterojunction could be heated up to 51.8 °C within 5 minutes by photothermal conversion, and it also had an excellent performance of photothermal cycle. High temperature and stability of the material endowed it with an outstanding and long‐lasting bactericidal effect. In addition, a series of in vitro free radical experiments was designed, the existence of ⋅O2− and 1O2 in BP/MoS2‐NIR system was verified. And the Way of ROS production and the mechanism of action were discussed by EPR test. Subsequently, two mechanisms of synergistic antibacterial action were summarized, that is, abundant ROS and high temperature could destroy cell wall damage and lysis of bacteria effectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the synergistic antibacterial action of NIR photothermal and photocatalysis of BP system.
Binding of Acetylated Lysine by Using a Water Soluble Aryl Extended Calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Orlandini Martina , Pedrini Alessandro , Marchetti Danilo , Li Yifan , Aragay Gemma , Dalcanale Enrico , Ballester Pablo , Pinalli Roberta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPost‐translational modifications of lysine in histones, as methylation and acetylation, have well established functions in epigenetics and are emerging as important actors in broader biological regulation. Currently, the detection of acetylated lysine (Kac) in water solution as free amino acid or protein residue remains challenging. Acetylated lysine is a neutral amino acid, and the lack of ion–dipole interactions causes the decrease in binding affinity displayed by synthetic molecular receptors with respect to the other lysine modifications. Here, we report molecular modeling calculations and 1H NMR experiments to investigate the binding properties of two different calix[4]pyrrole receptors towards Kac. Computational analyses reveal that tetra‐aryl‐extended calix[4]pyrrole (1) preferentially binds the cis‐Kac conformer over the trans one due to steric considerations and more favorable interactions. Experimental 1H NMR titration experiments confirm the formation of a 1 : 1 complex between receptor 1 and cis‐Kac, with a Ka exceeding 103 M−1. Conversely, the super‐aryl‐extended calix[4]pyrrole 2 is less efficient in binding Kac, due to unfavorable solvation/desolvation effects, as proven by 1H NMR experiments. Moreover, receptor 1 showed a higher affinity for Kac over other lysine modifications, such as methylated lysines.
A distributed reliable collusion‐free algorithm for selecting multiple coordinators in IOTA using fog computing
Authors: Alavizadeh Alavieh Sadat , Erfani Seyed Hossein , Mirabi Meghdad , Sahafi Amir 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIOTA is a distributed ledger technology with a new structure called Tangle, which offers high scalability, no fees, and near‐instant transfers for the internet‐of‐things (IoT) networks. The most important issue of IOTA is consensus achievement, which is handled by a single node acting as a coordinator. A single and default coordinator node exposes IOTA to the single point of failure and incomplete distribution issues. In this paper, a novel algorithm for selecting multiple coordinators to participate in the consensus process at milestones is proposed (i.e., MCS algorithm) to overcome the problem of a single coordinator in IOTA network. The MCS algorithm is applied in a two‐layered architecture including IoT devices (i.e., Layer 1) and fog nodes (i.e., Layer 2). We define and formulate four different properties as metrics to select multiple coordinators in this architecture. Moreover, a collusion list is defined to decrease the risk of collusion between fog nodes in the network. Experimental results show that using multiple fog nodes as coordinators in IOTA network can improve the average response time and average throughput while does not considerably sacrifice the total cost and system utilization in comparison with the use of a single default coordinator in IOTA network.
Minimal light requirements and performance under reduced photosynthetic photon flux of GA2ox‐transformed and conventional Kentucky bluegrass
Authors: Reed C. , Harriman R. , Koch M. , Baldwin C. , Gardner D. , Chang B. , Wherley B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShade stress is a common problem encountered in turfgrass management situations worldwide. Shade reduces photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), alters light quality, reduces air movement, and may introduce tree root competition. As a species, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) possesses relatively poor shade tolerance, which limits its use in reduced light environments. However, genetic alteration of the gibberellic acid enzyme pathway has shown promise in some plant species for improving growth in shade. The objective of this 2‐year field study was to determine the comparative performance under reduced PPF and determine minimal daily light integral (DLIm) requirements for acceptable quality of a conventional (CONV) Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) blend and gibberellic acid 2‐oxidase (GA2ox) transformed “ProVista” (PV) KBG. A 2‐year field study was conducted under neutral density shade treatments producing monthly daily light integrals averaging from ∼5.8 (90% shade) to 48 mol m−2 day−1 (full sun) for mid‐June through October study periods. Based on nonlinear regression of mean monthly DLI during the study period versus turfgrass quality (TQ) at the end of each study period, DLIm was found to range from 7.5 to 10 mol m−2 day−1 for PV and from 22.5 to 26.2 mol m−2 day−1 for CONV KBG. Improved TQ of PV under low light intensities may be associated with reduced rates of leaf elongation, greater stand density, higher chlorophyll concentrations, and darker green color compared to CONV KBG. Although shade duration did not exceed 4 months, the results suggest that GA2ox‐transformed PV KBG possesses improved tolerance to reduced PPF compared to CONV KBG.
Living the American Dream: Playlist GTA in the Third World Country
Authors: Dhara Animesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research critically examines the nexus between video games, specifically the Grand Theft Auto (GTA) series, and the nuanced perceptions of the American Dream among teenagers in developing nations, primarily focusing on India. Situated within the broader exploration of the American Dream across academic disciplines, my qualitative research employs semi‐structured interviews and online surveys. Targeting participants aged 13 to 22 with extensive GTA exposure, my purposive sampling strategy ensures diverse perspectives. Thematic analysis of game content, encompassing narratives, characters, and themes, serves as the methodological core. Adopting a case study approach, this study aims to investigate the influence of the GTA game series on teenagers from developing nations, particularly India, and how it shapes their perception of the American Dream.
Cluster‐based context‐aware route service management for smart intelligent autonomous vehicles with industrial transport system
Authors: Nagappan G. , Maheswari K. G. , Siva C. , Shobana M. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIndustrial transport system refers to the movement of goods, raw materials, and finished products within and between industrial facilities such as factories, warehouses, and distribution centers. It includes a variety of modes of transport such as trucks, forklifts, conveyor belts, and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). Context‐aware route service management refers to system that can dynamically manage and optimize the routes taken by vehicles in transportation system based on contextual information. Our proposed framework for industrial transport systems and smart intelligent autonomous vehicles utilizes cluster‐based context‐aware routing (CCAR), which includes several significant contributions. Firstly, modified elephant herding optimization (MEHO) algorithm is used to efficiently group autonomous vehicles for routing. Secondly, an improved gravitational search (IGS) algorithm is used for cluster head (CH) selection responsible for transferring context information between vehicles (V2V). Thirdly, a deep hybrid multi‐graph neural network (DHMG‐NN) is designed for optimal neighboring roadside unit (RSU) node selection through different design constraints to ensure data dissemination between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I). Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our CCAR framework using various simulation scenarios. Our framework achieves a reduction of up to 78% in computation time and an improvement of up to 25% in customer satisfaction ratio and 15% higher than the overall performance ratio compared to the existing frameworks.