bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficiency of Antiosteoporosis Medicine after Intertrochanteric Fracture Surgery: A Retrospective Study of Refracture Rate, Function Recovery, Complications, and Mortality in the Chinese Elderly Population
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Chen Shengbao , Tang Chao , Zhang Changqing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective This research aimed to discern the effects of antiosteoporosis medication on postoperative functional recovery, refracture incidence, complications, and mortality in geriatric patients with intertrochanteric fractures.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 250 patients aged 65 years and above who underwent surgery for intertrochanteric fractures between January 2013 and December 2014. Intertrochanteric fracture is diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code (S72.101) and classified by the Evans–Jensen system. Collected data encompassed demographic details, pre- and postoperative histories of antiosteoporotic medication, functional outcomes (measured using Harris hip score, Parker Mobility Score, and EuroQol-5 Dimension [EQ-5D] scores), refracture incidences, complications, and survival rates. The antiosteoporotic regimen was categorized into essential (calcium, vitamin D) and advanced medications (bisphosphonate, calcitonin, etc.). Outcomes between patients on antiosteoporosis treatment (AO group) and those without (control group) were compared.
Results The cohort comprised 250 patients, with a gender distribution of 85 males (34%) and 165 females (66%), and a mean age of 79.8 ± 7.0 years. The median follow-up period was 15.82 months (maximum 31.13 months). Postoperatively, 126 (50.4%) patients were administered antiosteoporotic treatment. The refracture incidence in the AO group (2.4%, n = 3) was notably lower than the control group (8.9%, n = 11), manifesting a substantial risk reduction (odds ratio 0.251, 95% confidence interval 0.068–0.920, p = 0.024). While no marked differences in functional outcomes between the AO and control groups were observed (Harris score [96.17 ± 7.77 vs. 97.29 ± 6.74, p = 0.074), Parker score [8.54 ± 1.26 vs. 8.62 ± 1.18, p = 0.411], EQ-5D [0.83 ± 0.05 vs. 0.82 ± 0.06, p = 0.186]), patients administered a combination of essential and advanced drugs showcased significantly improved Harris and EQ-5D scores compared to those on essential drugs alone (Harris score [77.93 ± 2.04 vs. 84.94 ± 2.73, p = 0.015], EQ-5D [0.65 ± 0.03 vs. 0.75 ± 0.04, p = 0.015]).
Conclusion Postoperative antiosteoporosis treatment acts as a deterrent against refracture following intertrochanteric fracture surgeries, evidenced by a decline in refracture rates. However, the treatment's impact on functional recovery, quality of life, complications, and mortality remains indistinct. Interestingly, the combined administration of essential and advanced antiosteoporotic drugs seems to foster enhanced functional outcomes, warranting further exploration in future studies.
The Drucker indexes and profitability: a first look
Authors: Ratigan David , Zaleski Peter A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Drucker Institute has computed metrics regarding customer satisfaction, employee engagement and development, innovation, social responsibility, and financial strength. They currently track 902 firms, and the Wall Street Journal annually publishes the Drucker 250—the top 250 firms based on an overall effectiveness measure. This paper offers the first analysis of whether these indexes can explain differences in the economic performance of business firms. The two main conclusions of our analysis are first, the individual aspects of the Drucker indexes do not always positively impact profit, and second, the impacts differ across industries. Our analysis concludes with possible reasons for the poor results and suggestions for future research.
Exploring the appeal of villainous characters in film-induced tourism: perceived charismatic leadership and justice sensitivity
Authors: Yao Rui , Yang Jian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFilm-induced tourism is considered a valuable marketing tool, especially crucial for the recovery of post-pandemic tourism. The rapid growth of digital streaming platforms has enabled film and television works to reach global audiences and impact viewers on a broader scale. Scholars and tourism operators increasingly recognise film characters’ pivotal role in global film-induced tourism. While film-induced tourism is generally believed to impact the image of tourist destinations positively, existing research has predominantly focused on the decent characters portrayed in films. However, the allure of captivating audiences is not confined solely to decent characters. According to narrative studies in film and television, villainous characters with extraordinary skills often have a stronger appeal to viewers than decent ones. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore a rarely discussed topic: how villainous characters enhance the attractiveness of tourist destinations. This interdisciplinary research principally integrates character arc theory and reception aesthetics from film studies, emotion contagion theory from marketing research, and place attachment theory from tourism studies. Accordingly, this study examines the perceived charismatic leadership of villainous characters and its impact on film tourists’ emotion contagion, place attachment and visit intention. The study distributed questionnaires to 532 audiences who watched the Chinese police and crime drama titled, The Knockdown (狂飙), and who acquainted themselves with the villainous character Gao Qiqiang (高启强). Structured equation modelling showed that villainous characters with charismatic leadership can significantly impact the intention of film tourists. Specifically, perceived charismatic leadership directly influenced emotions of pleasure, arousal and admiration. Place attachment existed as a whole or partial mediator of the three emotions and visit intention. Moreover, the audience’s justice sensitivity negatively moderated the positive relationship between perceived charismatic leadership and emotions. Finally, the study provides insights and suggestions for film tourism marketers and screenwriters.
A contingent value of bricolage strategy on SMEs’ organizational resilience: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Park Ji-Hoon , Seo Ribin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have adopted various crisis management techniques, including bricolage-coping strategies, to strengthen their organizational resilience. However, the specific impact of bricolage on SMEs’ resilience and the factors influencing this relationship are not fully understood. Our study explores a theoretical framework that suggests the effectiveness of the bricolage–resilience relationship is contingent on government support and business process innovation during crises. An analysis of responses from the Korean Innovation Survey 2021 shows that SMEs utilizing bricolage strategies exhibit greater resilience than those relying solely on conventional crisis responses. Interestingly, the resilience implication of bricolage diminishes when firms receive government financial aid or engage in business process innovations. This suggests that government financial support might reduce the necessity for self-reliant resilience strategies in firms practicing bricolage, while business process innovation may create challenges in productive resource orchestration between firm survival and growth.
High-pressure minerals and new lunar mineral changesite-(Y) in Chang’e-5 regolith
Authors: Yang Jing , Du Wei 
Published: February 2024

Forty-five years after the Apollo and Luna missions, China’s Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission collected ∼1.73 kg of new lunar materials from one of the youngest basalt units on the Moon. The CE-5 lunar samples provide opportunities to address some key scientific questions related to the Moon, including the discovery of high-pressure silica polymorphs (seifertite and stishovite) and a new lunar mineral, changesite-(Y). Seifertite was found to be coexist with stishovite in a silica fragment from CE-5 lunar regolith. This is the first confirmed seifertite in returned lunar samples. Seifertite has two space group symmetries (Pnc2 and Pbcn) and formed from an α-cristobalite-like phase during “cold” compression during a shock event. The aftershock heating process changes some seifertite to stishovite. Thus, this silica fragment records different stages of an impact process, and the peak shock pressure is estimated to be ∼11 to 40 GPa, which is much lower than the pressure condition for coexistence of seifertite and stishovite on the phase diagram. Changesite-(Y), with ideal formula (Ca8Y)□Fe2+(PO4)7 (where □ denotes a vacancy) is the first new lunar mineral to be discovered in CE-5 regolith samples. This newly identified phosphate mineral is in the form of columnar crystals and was found in CE-5 basalt fragments. It contains high concentrations of Y and rare earth elements (REE), reaching up to ∼14 wt. % (Y,REE)2O3. The occurrence of changesite-(Y) marks the late-stage fractional crystallization processes of CE-5 basalts combined with silicate liquid immiscibility. These new findings demonstrate the significance of studies on high-pressure minerals in lunar materials and the special nature of lunar magmatic evolution.
Gradual weakening down to complete disappearance of the velocity correlated cluster emission effect in keV collisions of C60 with light metallic targets: Microscopic insights via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bernstein V. , Bekkerman A. , Kolodney E. 
Published: February 2024

The so-called velocity correlated cluster emission (VCCE) effect is the recently reported emission of large clusters with nearly the same velocity from an atomically heavy target (such as coinage metals) following a single C60− impact at the keV kinetic energy range. The effect was observed to get weaker for a meaningfully lighter target (Al) down to its complete disappearance for C60–Be impact. Microscopic insight into the subpicosecond evolution and thermalization of the impact induced energy spike (driving the effect) is achieved using molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the weakening of the VCCE effect for aluminum (toward its complete disappearance for Be) is due to ultrafast decay of the atomic number density within the spike nanovolume, thus not enabling the buildup of sufficient subsurface pressure as required for driving the correlated emission. For the Be target, an extremely rapid decay of nearly 90% of the initial density within 200 fs from impact is observed. This finding provides further support for the conclusion that the emission of the velocity correlated clusters as observed for the heavier targets takes place within an ultra-short time window of only a few hundreds of femtoseconds, roughly extending from 200 to 500 fs from impact. The lower bound is dictated by the requirement for a relatively slow rate of decay of number density, enabling the buildup of a sufficiently intense pressure spike. The upper bound is dictated by the cooling rate of the spike (still maintaining an extremely high temperature of kT ≥ 1 eV, as experimentally observed) and the onset of the evolution of the impact crater.
Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density
Authors: Cikhardt J. , Gyrdymov M. , Zähter S. , Tavana P. , Günther M. M. , Bukharskii N. , Borisenko N. , Jacoby J. , Shen X. F. , Pukhov A. , Andreev N. E. , Rosmej O. N. 
Published: February 2024

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativistic laser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In an experiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 1019 W/cm2 laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-rays in the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0° and 10° to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 1013 photons/sr with energies &gt;5 keV measured at 0° to the laser axis and a brilliance of 1021 photons s−1 mm−2 mrad−2 (0.1%BW)−1. The angular distribution of the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emission time, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laser facilities.
Improved filters for angular filter refractometry
Authors: Heuer P. V. , Haberberger D. , Ivancic S. T. , Dorrer C. , Walsh C. A. , Davies J. R. 
Published: February 2024

Angular filter refractometry is an optical diagnostic that measures the absolute contours of a line-integrated density gradient by placing a filter with alternating opaque and transparent zones in the focal plane of a probe beam, which produce corresponding alternating light and dark regions in the image plane. Identifying transitions between these regions with specific zones on the angular filter (AF) allows the line-integrated density to be determined, but the sign of the density gradient at each transition is degenerate and must be broken using other information about the object plasma. Additional features from diffraction in the filter plane often complicate data analysis. In this paper, we present an improved AF design that uses a stochastic pixel pattern with a sinusoidal radial profile to minimize unwanted diffraction effects in the image caused by the sharp edges of the filter bands. We also present a technique in which a pair of AFs with different patterns on two branches of the same probe beam can be used to break the density gradient degeneracy. Both techniques are demonstrated using a synthetic diagnostic and data collected on the OMEGA EP (extended performance) laser.
Li-doping-modulated gelatin electrolyte for biodegradable electric-double-layer synaptic transistors
Authors: Chen Zhengquan , He Gang , Yang Bing , Zhu Minmin , Jiang Shanshan 
Published: February 2024

Recent advances in the fabrication of neuromorphic electronic devices using biomaterials have received increasing attention for their prospect in biologically compatible and “green” electronic devices. Here, we proposed a novel electric-double-layer (EDL) synaptic transistor gated with Li-doped natural gelatin membranes, demonstrating larger capacitance at low frequency and extremely strong electrostatic modulation behavior. Experimental results have shown that a concentration of 2 wt. % Li-doping can obtain better electrical performance of EDL synaptic transistor. Ion/Ioff of 4.86 × 105 and threshold voltage of 0.68 V were obtained. Meanwhile, some important synaptic functions such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and high-pass filtering characteristic have been successfully implemented. As a result, it can be inferred that the proposed gelatin-based natural polymer EDL electrolyte has demonstrated potential applications in “green” neuromorphic platforms.
Terahertz quantum cascade laser frequency combs with engineered operation frequency around 4.0 THz
Authors: Wu Shumin , Zhou Kang , Li Ziping , Ma Xuhong , Wang Chenjie , Liu Binbin , Wan Wenjian , Zhang Zhenzhen , Li Hua 
Published: February 2024

Freely engineering the operation frequency of frequency comb sources is crucial for various applications, e.g., high-precision spectroscopy, ranging, communications, and so on. Here, by employing band structure simulations, group velocity dispersion (GVD) analysis, and experimental verifications, we demonstrate that the operation frequency of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser frequency combs can be engineered from 4.2 to 4.0 THz. First of all, from the viewpoint of the band structure engineering, we shift the frequency corresponding to the optical transitions in the active region from 4.2 to 4.0 THz by slightly altering the thicknesses of quantum wells. Meanwhile, a GVD analysis is applied to evaluate the potential comb performance. Finally, experimental characterizations, e.g., emission spectra, inter-mode beatnote, dual-comb operation, are performed to validate the exceptional comb operation at 4.0 THz. The advancement in simulations and experimental results present a comprehensive method to customize the desired THz radiative frequency for comb generation, which facilitates the practical development of broadband, high-precision THz comb sources.
Polymeric liquids in mesoporous photonic structures: From precursor film spreading to imbibition dynamics at the nanoscale
Authors: Dittrich Guido , Cencha Luisa G. , Steinhart Martin , Wehrspohn Ralf B. , Berli Claudio L. A. , Urteaga Raul , Huber Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Polymers are known to wet nanopores with high surface energy through an atomically thin precursor film followed by slower capillary filling. We present here light interference spectroscopy using a mesoporous membrane-based chip that allows us to observe the dynamics of these phenomena in situ down to the sub-nanometer scale at milli- to microsecond temporal resolution. The device consists of a mesoporous silicon film (average pore size 6 nm) with an integrated photonic crystal, which permits to simultaneously measure the phase shift of thin film interference and the resonance of the photonic crystal upon imbibition. For a styrene dimer, we find a flat fluid front without a precursor film, while the pentamer forms an expanding molecular thin film moving in front of the menisci of the capillary filling. These different behaviors are attributed to a significantly faster pore-surface diffusion compared to the imbibition dynamics for the pentamer and vice versa for the dimer. In addition, both oligomers exhibit anomalously slow imbibition dynamics, which could be explained by apparent viscosities of six and eleven times the bulk value, respectively. However, a more consistent description of the dynamics is achieved by a constriction model that emphasizes the increasing importance of local undulations in the pore radius with the molecular size and includes a sub-nanometer hydrodynamic dead, immobile zone at the pore wall but otherwise uses bulk fluid parameters. Overall, our study illustrates that interferometric, opto-fluidic experiments with mesoporous media allow for a remarkably detailed exploration of the nano-rheology of polymeric liquids.
Characterization of microbubble aggregation in a double-T microfluidic chip
Authors: Sun Lixia , Huang Zhijie , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Qijiu , Ning Hongyang , Wang Qin 
Published: February 2024

The coalescence phenomenon of air bubbles affects the flow field, bubble morphology, bubble velocity, and mass transfer efficiency in bioreactors, air bubble generators, and other devices. This article combines the level set method with COMSOL to simulate the formation process of two-phase fluid bubbles in microfluidic chips. The result shows that when the contact angle exceeds 90°, significant agglomeration occurs and the size of bubbles decreases with the increase in liquid flow velocity. However, as the gas velocity increases, agglomeration does not occur at liquid flow rates below 0.1 m/s. In addition, the agglomeration phenomenon occurs above the threshold, and when the gas flow rate is less than 0.02 m/s, there is no agglomeration phenomenon. The numerical simulation results exhibit an error rate of less than 10% compared to the experimental values, indicating that microfluidic chips can accurately predict the process of bubble coalescence.
Strategies for hardening purity metallic materials by high pressure and high temperature quenching method
Authors: Zhao Xingbin , Jiang Hao , Bao Kuo , Huang Yanping , Ma Shuailing , Zhu Pinwen , Tao Qiang , Cui Tian 
Published: February 2024

Purity metallic materials are increasingly demanded in modern manufacturing industries, but their applications are limited owing to their poor wear resistance and mechanical properties. Therefore, exploring an efficient hardening method to significantly enhance the hardness of pure metals is emergent in materials science. In this work, a series of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) quenching experiments were carried out on several pure metals, with a maximum hardening factor exceeding 10. The results indicated that pressure has an unusual effect on refining grains and increasing the Hall–Petch coefficient ky. The ky value of pure Fe is 49.5 GPa*μm1/2 with a quenching pressure of 5 GPa, which is two orders higher than that of the untreated polycrystalline sample (0.2 GPa*μm1/2). In addition, we report an extreme hardness of 8.34 GPa in pure Ti induced by HPHT quenching, and the unprecedented hardening comes from the formation of the twin and lath martensitic substructures. The hardening mechanism of the HPHT quenching method is a combination of Hall–Petch hardening and work-hardening. Our results provide a practical route to achieve attractive mechanical properties in pure metals and shine a light on the hardening mechanism of metallic materials.
Magnetic field-induced narrow first-order and metamagnetic phase transitions of Nd5Ge3
Authors: Samatham S. Shanmukharao , Yenugonda Venkateswara , Babbadi Gowrinaidu , Patwari Muralikrishna , Pathak Arjun K. , Manuel P. , Khalyavin D. , Cottrell Stephen , Hillier A. D. , Suresh K. G. 
Published: February 2024

We report on the magnetic behaviour of Nd5Ge3 by investigating through magnetization, neutron diffraction and muon spin relaxation measurements. Temperature dependent-magnetization, muon depolarization rate (λ), initial asymmetry (A0) and the stretched exponent (β) show a clear anomaly at the Néel temperature TN ∼ 54 K. However, the short-range correlated ferromagnetic interactions below TN are inferred from the diffuse scattering mechanism as revealed by zero-field neutron diffraction data. Narrow first order phase transition is due to the competing interaction of a high temperature weak-antiferromagnetic and low temperature glassy states. Magnetic field-induced reentrant spin glass state from a magnetic glass state is observed, before it transforms to a ferromagnetic state.
Design considerations for magnetic field generators for future switching applications
Authors: Bouda N. Robert , Gaunkar N. Prabhu , Theh W. Shen , Mina M. 
Published: February 2024

Widespread adoption of Magnetic Field Generators (MFG) will require most electro-optical systems to incorporate high current devices, thereby demanding decreased power consumption due to loss reduction. Recent progress in magnetic field generator typologies has shown ways of reducing form factor while meeting better performance in terms of max current and magnetic field level based on selected transistor technologies. However, developments in the standardization of MFGs need to be considered for optoelectronic industrial-scale applications. This work describes a strategy for identifying the optimum condition for a high magnetic field, form factors contributing to power consumption, and the feasibility of such magneto optical.