bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on multipotent carcinogenic agent, N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), its major risk assessment, and precautions
Authors: Janmeda Pracheta , Jain Divya , Chaudhary Priya , Meena Mukesh , Singh Devendra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) as a possible carcinogen and mutagenic substances, placing it in category 2A of compounds that are probably harmful to humans. It is found in nature and tobacco smoke, along with its precursors, and is also synthesized endogenously in the human body. The oral or parenteral administration of a minimal quantity of NDEA results in severe liver and kidney organ damage. The NDEA required bioactivation by CYP450 enzyme to form DNA adduct in the alkylation mechanism. Thus, this bioactivation directs oxidative stress and injury to cells due to the higher formation of reactive oxygen species and alters antioxidant system in tissues, whereas free radical scavengers guard the membranes from NDEA‐directed injury in many enzymes. This might be one of the reasons in the etiology of cancer that is not limited to a certain target organ but can affect various organs and organ systems. Although there are various possible approaches for the treatment of NDEA‐induced cancer, their therapeutic outcomes are still very dismal. However, several precautions were considered to be taken during handling or working with NDEA, as it considered being the best way to lower down the occurrence of NDEA‐directed cancers. The present review was designed to enlighten the general guidelines for working with NDEA, possible mechanism, to alter the antioxidant line to cause malignancy in different parts of animal body along with its protective agents. Thus, revelation to constant, unpredictable stress situations even in common life may remarkably augment the toxic potential through the rise in the oxidative stress and damage of DNA.
How does work affect fathers' daily interaction with adolescents? An expanded self‐regulation perspective
Authors: French Kimberly A. , Liu Songqi , Ohannessian Christine M. , Tennen Howard 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe management of the daily rhythm of work and childrearing, two central responsibilities of working fathers, has received limited research attention. Drawing from an expanded self‐regulation perspective, this study seeks to understand the within‐person depletion and compensation mechanisms that explain how fathers' daily work experiences spillover to influence their next‐day parenting interactions. We also posit that actual childrearing support by mothers and its unavailability may shape fathers' day‐to‐day caregiving rhythm by injecting resources and/or cuing demands for father parenting involvement. Using daily triadic data (N = 631 within‐person observations) from 96 fathers, mothers and their adolescent children in the United States, we found that the lagged relationship between fathers' negative work events and next‐day father–adolescent conflict was mediated by fathers' psychological distress. In addition, we found that negative work events were associated with increased father–adolescent routine activities the next day via time‐based work–family conflict, but only when mothers worked the next day. We further found that negative work events were associated with decreased father–adolescent interactive activities the next day via psychological distress, but only when mothers provided less routine care than normal the next day. Our study portrays fathers juggling work and parenting as a sequenced balancing act. Importantly, incorporating mothers' daily work status and routine parent–adolescent interactions enriches our understanding of fathers' daily work‐to‐parenting spillover process.
Circulation patterns in the middle and upper troposphere and their relationships with summer precipitation in the Jianghuai River Basin
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Wang Lijuan , Liu Danling , Han Tongxin , Bao Ruijuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe upper and lower‐level circulations can be divided into four distinct modes based on ERA5 daily reanalysis data. The impact of these patterns on the summer persistent precipitation (SPP) in the Jianghuai River Basin (JRB) is investigated, with the ‘−SR (Silk Road)/+EAP (East Asia‐Pacific)’ mode identified as the most favourable for triggering SPP. The main manifestations are as follows: (1) From 1981 to 2020, 29.4% (30.7%) of extreme precipitation days (the frequencies of persistent extreme precipitation) are related to the ‘−SR/+EAP’ mode, indicating the importance of the ‘−SR/+EAP’ mode to the SPP in the JRB. (2) The ‘−SR’ pattern accelerates the westerly jet, leading to strong divergence over the JRB. Concurrently, the eastward movement of the South Asia High and westward shift of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) create conditions favourable for SPP in the JRB. (3) Abundant water vapour, facilitated by strong moisture convergence and upward motion, significantly contributes to SPP in the JRB.
Diagnosis change in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Duarte Harold , Stolfi Adrienne , McCall Courtney , Saeed Shehzad , Sandberg Kelly 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to characterize pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who change diagnosis and describe the characteristics of that change.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on pediatric IBD patients from the ImproveCareNow (ICN) multicenter international cohort from 2007 to January 2019. Primary outcome was change in diagnosis after the first four visits. Other variables included demographics, diagnostics, disease characteristics, and timing.Results6.1% of 18,055 patients aged 1–20 years changed diagnosis. Median time between the baseline visit and first diagnosis change was 0.9 years. Change in diagnosis occurred in 257/12,178 (2.1%) patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 347/4758 (7.3%) patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 495/1119 (44.2%) patients with IBD‐Unclassified (IBD‐U). In multivariable analysis, initial diagnosis of IBD‐U and longer follow‐up times were associated with greater odds of a diagnosis change.ConclusionIBD‐U initial diagnosis and longer follow‐up were associated with increased diagnosis change risk. The most common change was reclassification to CD. Disease activity, moderate malnutrition, and presence of EIMs were not associated with change in diagnosis.
A Multicenter Validity Study of Four Smartphone Hearing Test Apps in Optimized and Home Environments
Authors: Swords Chloe , Twumasi Emmanuel , Fitzgerald Maisie , Fitzsimons‐West Erin , Luo Michael , Dunne Henry , Lim Kim Hui , Jones Oliver , Law Sarah , Myuran Tharsika , Smith Gareth , Tailor Bhavesh V. , Wakelam Oliver , de Cates Catherine , Borsetto Daniele , Tysome James , Donnelly Neil , Axon Patrick , Bance Manohar , Smith Matthew E. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivePure tone audiometry (PTA) is the gold standard for hearing assessment. However, it requires access to specialized equipment. Smartphone audiometry applications (apps) have been developed to perform automated threshold audiometry and could allow patients to perform self‐administered screening or monitoring. This study aimed to assess the validity and feasibility of patients using apps to self‐assess hearing thresholds at home, with comparison to PTA.MethodsA multi‐center, prospective randomized study was conducted amongst patients undergoing PTA in clinics. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four publicly‐available apps designed to measure pure tone thresholds. Participants used an app once in optimal sound‐treated conditions and a further three times at home. Ear‐specific frequency‐specific thresholds and pure tone average were compared using Pearson correlation coefficient. The percentage of app hearing tests with results within ±10 dB of PTA was calculated. Patient acceptability was assessed via an online survey.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐nine participants submitted data. The results of two at‐home automated smartphone apps correlated strongly/very strongly with PTA average and their frequency‐specific median was within ±10 dB accuracy. Smartphone audiometry performed in sound‐treated and home conditions were very strongly correlated. The apps were rated as easy/very easy to use by 90% of participants and 90% would be happy/very happy to use an app to monitor their hearing.ConclusionJudicious use of self‐performed smartphone audiometry was both valid and feasible for two of four apps. It could provide frequency‐specific threshold estimates at home, potentially allowing assessments of patients remotely or monitoring of fluctuating hearing loss.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:2864–2870, 2024
Children's Visual Perception of Facial Scarring and Cleft Lip Deformity Using Eye Tracking Data
Authors: Roby Brianne B. , Ebert Bridget , Zavala Hanan , Chinnadurai Siva , Scott Andrew R. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine children's perception of secondary cleft lip deformity (SCLD) using objective eye tracking technology and subjective responses on a survey to understand pediatric perceptions of facial scarring.DesignCross‐sectional study of participants aged 5–17 years old.MethodsParticipants viewed images of children's faces with an eye tracking device. Sixteen images were displayed, 12 with unilateral SCLD and four with no facial scarring. Eye tracking data were obtained. Gaze samples were analyzed for areas of interest (AOIs). Immediately after viewing each image, participants answered two survey questions relating to facial asymmetry attitude toward the child pictured. For analysis, participants were divided into age groups.ResultsA total of 259 participants were enrolled (42.5% female). Mean age was 10.5 years and 78% identified as White. In all age groups, total fixation time was greater for SCLD compared to control images. Early elementary age children spent significantly less time assessing the nose AOI compared to other groups, and also spent the least total fixation time and had the lowest visit count on all AOIs. Subjective survey questions showed similar trends with elementary age not noticing facial asymmetry compared to older age groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the successful use of eye tracking technology in children as young as 5 years old. This study suggests that SCLD is perceived as less noticeable in elementary age children and becomes more noticeable to older groups. Understanding peer perception on SCLD from this study may impact decision on revision surgery for SCLD.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 134:2726–2733, 2024
A triangular patch array for wireless power transfer
Authors: Sahandabadi Sahereh , Attaran Ali , Alirezaee Shahpour 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the radiative near‐field method has been employed to transfer power through a triangular patch microstrip array that had not been used for this application previously. Additionally, the FR4 substrate is utilized to further reduce the system cost. The system comprises two identical array antennas functioning as both transmitter and receiver. Each array consists of four triangular patches with a side length of 38.5 mm and operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The distance between the two arrays is 50 mm, placing the system in the radiative near‐field category of wireless power transfer. This two‐array system enables the evaluation of power transfer efficiency. The system's performance is improved compared to that of a single triangular patch, and it is also studied in terms of changes in distance. As expected, reducing the distance enhances the system's performance. Subsequently, the structure is fabricated, and the measurements validate the simulation results. The simulation and measurement results exhibit good agreement.
Experimental synthesis and characterization of PVA‐fumaric acid cross‐linked biodegradable films: Implications as a sustainable matrix for composites
Authors: Sharma Pragya , Agrawal Pawan Kumar , Singh V. K. , Bhaskar Jitendra , Verma Akarsh , Chauhan Sakshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a widely used polymer that is biocompatible, nontoxic, and water‐soluble due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in its domain. This study aims to investigate the effects of fumaric acid (FA) cross‐linking and thermal cross‐linking (TC) on the PVA's mechanical and thermal properties. When the FA is mixed with PVA, it was found in the chemical reaction that the OH groups of PVA are condensing with the carboxylic acid units of FA to yield new ester linkages and water as a by‐product, which further results in the reduction of the water absorption capacity. Quantitatively, the addition of 8 (wt. /wt. %) FA resulted in a minimum of 65% water absorption rate, as compared with 117% for pure PVA. The mechanical and thermal properties of PVA also enhanced with the addition of 2% to 8% FA by weight. For the TC case, the % increase in ultimate tensile strength was 30.9% and 42.5% with and without TC, respectively. As the wt. % of FA increased from 2 to 10%, the % elongation value decreased for both with and without TC films relative to pure PVA. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed the change in degradation temperature of FA‐PVA blended film in comparison with pure PVA. Dynamic mechanical analysis was utilized to analyze the viscoelastic nature and temperature variation at the glass transition temperature. The current fabricated film is a potential candidate for the food packaging films application; moreover, the results reported in this investigation will accelerate the industrial applications of biodegradable PVA.Highlights
Increasing the weight percentage of fumaric acid leads to an enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties of the film.
Esterification is the usual reaction between fumaric acid and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), in which ester linkages are formed when the carboxyl groups (‐COOH) of fumaric acid and the hydroxyl groups (‐OH) of PVA combine.
Water absorption characteristics of the film reduces as the wt. % of fumaric acid increases.
Thermal cross‐linking of the film leads to further improvements in mechanical and thermal properties.
The overall effect of increasing the wt. % of fumaric acid is negative on the glass transition temperature of the film.
The developed film is a potential candidate for the food packaging films application.
Application of hypothetical strategies in acute pain
Authors: Zhong Jinglin , Petullo David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince the publication of ICH E9 (R1), “Addendum to statistical principles for clinical trials: on choosing appropriate estimands and defining sensitivity analyses in clinical trials,” there has been a lot of debate about the hypothetical strategy for handling intercurrent events. Arguments against the hypothetical strategy are twofold: (1) the clinical question has limited clinical/regulatory interest; (2) the estimation may need strong statistical assumptions. In this article, we provide an example of a hypothetical strategy handling use of rescue medications in the acute pain setting. We argue that the treatment effect of a drug that is attributable to the treatment alone is the clinical question of interest and is important to regulators. The hypothetical strategy is important when developing non‐opioid treatment as it estimates the treatment effect due to treatment during the pre‐specified evaluation period whereas the treatment policy strategy does not. Two widely acceptable and non‐controversial clinical inputs are required to construct a reasonable estimator. More importantly, this estimator does not rely on additional strong statistical assumptions and is considered reasonable for regulatory decision making. In this article, we point out examples where estimators for a hypothetical strategy can be constructed without any strong additional statistical assumptions besides acceptable clinical inputs. We also showcase a new way to obtain estimation based on disease specific clinical knowledge instead of strong statistical assumptions. In the example presented, we clearly demonstrate the advantages of the hypothetical strategy compared to alternative strategies including the treatment policy strategy and a composite variable strategy.
Origin of semiconductor and half‐metallic behaviors in the perovskite materials RbXF3 (X = Co, Mn, Fe or V): A GGA + U approach
Authors: Idrissi Samira , Jabar Abderrahim , Bahmad Lahoucine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study and discuss the structural, and electronic properties of the RbXF3 (X = Co, Mn, V or Fe) Perovskite Materials using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). Also, the origin of both semi‐conductor (SM) and half‐metallic (HM) characters have been outlined. The density functional theory (DFT) has been applied to illustrate the physical properties of the RbXF3 (X = Co, Mn, Fe or V) perovskite materials. The generalized gradient approximation introduced by Perdew–Burke and Ernzerhof (GGA‐PBE) with Hubbard correction has been used for modeling the physical properties of the RbXF3 (X = Co, Mn, V or Fe) perovskite compounds. The total and partial densities of states of each solar perovskite RbVF3 (X = Co, Mn, Fe or V) material have been illustrated and discussed. In addition, the contribution of the different elements: Rb, Co, Mn, Fe, V and F, has been investigated revealing the most contributing ones in the valance and conduction bands. The magnetic behavior of the studied solar perovskites RbVF3 (X = Co, Mn, Fe or V) materials, has been outlined. It is found that the perovskites RbCoF3 and RbFeF3 are half‐metallic, while the materials RbMnF3 and RbVF3 exhibit a semi‐conductor behavior.
Geometric approach to vertex‐degree‐based topological indices–Elliptic Sombor index, theory and application
Authors: Gutman Ivan , Furtula Boris , Oz Mert Sinan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel geometric method is proposed for constructing vertex‐degree‐based molecular structure descriptors (topological indices). The model is based on an ellipse whose focal points represent the degrees of a pair of adjacent vertices. This approach enables a geometric interpretation of several previously known topological indices, and lead to design of a few new. The area of the ellipse induces a vertex‐degree‐based topological index of remarkable simplicity, which we call elliptic Sombor index(). The main mathematical properties of are established, especially its relations to other, earlier known, indices. Then the applicative potential of is analyzed.
Performance and microbial response to nitrate nitrogen removal from simulated groundwater by electrode biofilm reactor with Ti/CNT/Cu5‐Pd5 catalytic cathode
Authors: Gao Yan , Shen Jianing , Yinzhang Hongyu , Yang Liuyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo enhance the removal of nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) in groundwater with a low C/N ratio, electrocatalytic reduction of NO3−‐N has received extensive attention since its electrons can be directly produced in situ while simultaneously providing a clean electronic donor of hydrogen for denitrifying bacteria. In this study, Ti/CNT/CuPd bimetallic catalytic electrodes with different copper‐palladium (CuPd) ratios were prepared by electrodeposition onto carbon nanotube (CNT) using titanium (Ti) plates. The results showed that the NO3−‐N conversion rate by Ti/CNT/Cu5‐Pd5 electrode was the highest (53.60%) compared with other CuPd electrode ratios because of the combined role of the copper's high NO3−‐N catalytic activity and the palladium's high N2 selectivity. A new type of electrode biofilm reactor (EBR) with Ti/CNT/Cu5‐Pd5 cathode, biochar substrate was constructed to explore the removal ability of NO3−‐N in simulated low C/N groundwater. When the influent NO3−‐N concentration was 30 mg/L, under the condition of a 30 mA electronic current and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h, the removal rate of NO3−‐N could reach as high as 78.1 ± 1.2%, and the N2 conversion rate was 99.7%. The horizontal distribution of microbial communities in EBR showed that the denitrification capacity was significantly improved through the electrochemical catalytic reduction of the Ti/CNT/Cu5‐Pd5 cathode and the supply of the hydrogen electron donor to autotrophic denitrogenerating microbes such as Anaerobacillus, Thauera, and Hydrophaga. This study provides a new bimetallic catalytic cathode to enhance the removal of NO3−‐N in groundwater with a low C/N ratio.Practitioner Points
The Cu5Pd5/CNTs/Ti electrode is beneficial to the adsorption and reduction of NO3−‐N to N2.
The production of hydrogen electron donors by cathode promoted nitrogen degradation.
Activated electrodes together with denitrifying microorganisms contributed to the improved N removal rate.
Can we explain cosmic birefringence without a new light field beyond Standard Model?
Authors: Nakai Yuichiro , Namba Ryo , Obata Ippei , Qiu Yu-Cheng , Saito Ryo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The recent analysis of the Planck 2018 polarization data shows a nonzero isotropic cosmic birefringence (ICB) that is not explained within the ΛCDM paradigm. We then explore the question of whether the nonzero ICB is interpreted by the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), or at the energy scales of the cosmic microwave background, the low-energy EFT (LEFT) whose dynamical degrees of freedom are five SM quarks and all neutral and charged leptons. Our systematic study reveals that any operator in the EFT on a cosmological background would not give the reported ICB angle, which is observationally consistent with frequency independence. In particular, we estimate the size of the ICB angle generated by the effect that the cosmic microwave background photons travel through the medium of the cosmic neutrino background with parity-violating neutrino-photon interactions and find that it would be too small to explain the data. If the reported ICB angle should be confirmed, then our result would indicate the existence of a new particle that is lighter than the electroweak scale and feebly interacting with the SM particles.
Sequestered string models imply split supersymmetry
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Cotellucci Alessandro , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sequestering is a promising mechanism in 4D string models to reconcile high-scale inflation with low-energy supersymmetry. In this scenario the MSSM lives on branes at singularities and it is sequestered from the sources of supersymmetry breaking in the bulk. The soft-terms are suppressed with respect to the gravitino mass so that all moduli are heavy enough to avoid any cosmological moduli problem. In this paper we study stability bounds and flavour constraints on sequestered string models, finding that they can be satisfied if the soft-terms give rise to a mass spectrum typical of split supersymmetry with TeV-scale gauginos and sfermions around 107 GeV. When instead scalar and gaugino masses are of the same order of magnitude, large flavour changing neutral currents can be avoided only by pushing the soft-terms above 106 GeV. However this scenario is in tension with stability bounds due to the presence of charge and colour breaking vacua which could be populated in the early universe, and the possible emergence of directions along which the potential is unbounded from below.