bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Maté Down regulate Bcl2 Gene Expression to cause a Selective Death of Cancerous Cells through Apoptosis?
Authors: Nisbett Kenisha , Sadik Amina 
Published: November 2023

Ilex paraguariensis, Yerba Maté, is a subtropical plant native to South America where it is consumed several times daily in a form of a tea made with roasted leaves. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the beneficial effects of this beverage. A recent study has shown that saponins isolated from Yerba Maté extract induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells, while another study indicated that the consumption of Maté tea causes higher incidence of esophageal cancer. Our study looked into the effects Yerba Maté extract had on human breast cancer cells and non‐cancer cells from the same tissue. The findings showed a decrease in viable T47D breast cancer cells after treatment with crude Maté extract in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas the normal cells, MCF12A, seem to be equally affected by the extract and PBS. To elucidate the mechanism by which Maté extract causes breast cancer cells to die, and how the non‐cancerous cells die regardless of the media content, we quantified different markers of apoptosis. The expression of key‐genes in the process of apoptosis were quantified including Bcl‐2, caspase 3 and p53. The preliminary data shows decreased gene expression of Bcl‐2 (anti‐apoptotic gene) in cancer cells compared to normal without change in gene expression of caspase 3 and p53 compared to the normal cells. However, caspase 3‐AF 647 antibody and p53 FITC antibody intracellular assays using flow cytometry indicated an increase in both caspase 3 and p53 protein activity. Although these findings need to be confirmed using a different control cell line, they suggest that the treatment with Yerba Maté extract results in an up regulation of pro‐apoptotic markers in breast cancer cells. This up regulation results in decreasing cancer cells viability through apoptosis, which is a programed cell death mechanism whereas the non‐cancerous cells do not respond to Maté treatment in any particular manner. Consequently, Maté extracts seem to kill cancerous cells in a selective manner.Support or Funding InformationSupport from Touro University Nevada, Basic Sciences Department
Monthly variations in food intake and diet quality of women participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Authors: Sanjeevi Namrata , Freeland‐Graves Jeanne H 
Published: November 2023

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) plays a critical role in reducing food insecurity in the United States. The SNAP benefits are issued once every month, and households redeem over three‐quarters of their benefits within the first 2 weeks of receipt. Consequently, food shortages may occur towards the end of the month when benefits are exhausted. Low‐income women, in particular, are a vulnerable population to inadequate food supply as they may compromise their diets to provide for their families. In order to gain an accurate knowledge of dietary behaviors of female SNAP participants, we investigated their food intake and diet quality over 1 month. A total of 152 women in SNAP were recruited from the Partner Agencies of the Central Texas Food Bank. Subjects were administered a demographics questionnaire, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on a reference period of 1 week. The FFQ was completed four times, each with an interval of 1 week, so that it reflected diets of participants during weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the monthly cycle of benefit receipt. The Healthy Eating Index‐2010 was used to determine diet quality for each time point. A mixed linear model was conducted using time as the independent variable, and food intake and diet quality as the dependent variables. Pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjustment were carried out when significant main effects were detected. A significant decrease in daily intakes of fruits, vegetables, and dairy was observed over the month. In contrast, the consumption of refined grains was significantly greater in week 4. Diet quality score was significantly lower in week 4 (49) when compared to weeks 1 (56), 2 (54) and 3 (52). Furthermore, participants reported fewer home‐prepared meals and higher incidence of dining‐out at week 4. These results show that receipt of SNAP benefits in monthly intervals is related to lower diet quality and greater reliance on restaurants and fast food establishments towards the end of the month. The decrease in diet quality at the end of the month might be improved with bi‐monthly receipt of benefits to even out inconsistencies in the food supply.Support or Funding InformationThe Bess Heflin Centennial Professorship
Food Security Status is Associated with Diet Quality in Indiana Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program‐Education (SNAP‐Ed) Eligible Adults
Authors: Rivera Rebecca L , Maulding Melissa K , Abbott Angela R , Wang Qi , Eicher‐Miller Heather A 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFood security and socioeconomic status have been associated with diet quality. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program‐Education (SNAP‐Ed) aims to improve the diet quality of low resource populations; however, little is known about the association of food security status with diet quality in the SNAP‐Ed eligible population.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether food security status is associated with diet quality in a sample of Indiana SNAP‐Ed eligible adult participants.MethodsSNAP‐Ed eligible adults age ≥18 y (n = 261) from 31 Indiana counties were recruited to participate from August 2015 to May 2016. Baseline food security score was assigned for household adults using the 10‐item United States Household Food Security Survey Module and used to classify participants as food secure (0–2) or food insecure (3–10). Baseline Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI‐2010) score was assigned using dietary data collected from the National Cancer Institute Automated Self‐Administered 24‐Hour Recall Tool (2014 version with 1–2 days of recalls per participant). A generalized linear regression model was used to estimate the association between food security status and HEI‐2010 score for this cross‐sectional study.ResultsFood security status is significantly associated with total HEI‐2010 score (β = 4.7; p = 0.01) at baseline. The mean total HEI‐2010 score was 45.1 ± 14.0 (Mean ± SD) for food secure participants (n = 68) and 40.4 ± 12.1 (Mean ± SD) for food insecure participants (n = 139).ConclusionDiet quality is lower in food insecure SNAP‐Ed eligible Indiana adults compared with their food secure counterparts. There is a strong need for nutrition interventions to improve diet quality, particularly targeting food insecure audiences within in low‐resource populations.Support or Funding InformationThis activity was funded, by Purdue, as part of AgSEED Crossroads funding to support Indiana's Agriculture and Rural Development and the Purdue Health and Human Sciences Cooperative Extension Nutrition Education Program.
Nutrient Status of Clients of a Soup Kitchen
Authors: Freeland‐Graves Jean , Mousa Tamara 
Published: November 2023

Populations who go to soup kitchens in the United States represent the poorest of the poverty stricken, and are often shunned by society. The objective of the present research was to examine the nutrient status of clients utilizing a soup kitchen in central Texas. A sample of 110 individuals who ate meals at soup kitchens were recruited for a nutrition study. Subjects were administered a demographics survey, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (a FFQ), and a list to document the meal donation. Subjects ranged from 21–78 years old, and did not report any children or others living in their household. Only 16.4% of the subjects were employed and 75.5% had incomes less than $1,000 per year. In our sample 95.4% reported that they were homeless: living in cars, trailers, shelters (52.7%) or on the streets (42.7%). Exactly half had educations that terminated with junior high or high school. More than three‐fourths indicated that they were plagued by health problems. Results from the FFQ showed that their energy intakes were only 79.7% of their Dietary Recommended Intakes (DRIs). Of this, the one daily meal donation provided 39.5% of their total kcal for the day. For energy nutrients, the one daily meal donation contributed 44.4% energy of their protein, 38.4% for carbohydrates, and 45.2% for fat. This daily meal also added 63.7% of their fiber, 30.3% of calcium, 57.6% of magnesium and 35.9% of iron to their total dietary intake. The vitamin found in the least amount in their meal was vitamin C (8.1 mg/d), presumably due to the lack of citrus fruits and vegetables. Thus, the daily meal provided by the soup kitchen substantially improved the nutritional content of the diet of these individuals. Dietitians, nutritionists and their students should be encouraged to participate in these volunteer efforts and donate their expertise to help this vulnerable population of the poorest poor.Support or Funding InformationBess Heflin Centennial Professorship in Nutrition
Food Cost Concerns Affect Food Choice and Dietary Intake in a Population of Inner City Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ruff Eric , Mincer Shifra , Markell Mariana 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundWe have previously noted hypophosphatemia and low protein and phosphate intake as prevalent in our population of indigent inner‐city kidney transplant recipients (KTR's). Factors that influence food choice are not known in this predominantly ethnic minority population at high risk for diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.Methods23 randomly selected long term KTRs were recruited from the Transplant Clinic. Laboratory values were obtained from chart review. Demographics and factors influencing food choice and preparation were obtained from face to face interview. Patient concern regarding food cost and its influence on choice was assessed using a 5 point Likert scale. Dietary intake was estimated from 3‐day diet diary and 1 day diet recall. Nutrient values were extrapolated using the USDA Supertracker.ResultsThere were 18 (60%) men and 20 Black (67%) patients. 17 (80%) reported income <$20,000 and Medicaid as primary Insurance. 15 (72%) reported receiving disability payments and 7/10 (70%) reported using EBT coupons to buy food. Mean age was 44.7±10.1, BMI 27.9±5.6, months since transplant 87.7±59.4, sPO4 2.79±0.7, creatinine 0.88±0.1 mg/dl, albumin 4.23±0.1, Hgb 13.6±0.4, total cholesterol 184.9±7.8. 6(29%) pts reported that cost of food was very important for their food choices (FDCOST). By Mann‐Whitney U‐test, FDCOST pts ate fewer calories per day (1127±84.8 vs 1786±150.5, p <0.05), less PO4 (887.3±174 vs 1257±127.5, p=NS) and less protein (48.5±17.5 vs 85.8±8.2, p=NS) but had similar serum PO4, BMI and albumin values. In 10 second sit to stand test, 2 (30%) FDCOST pts were unable to complete the test. All of the pts who did not report concern with food cost completed the test successfully.ConclusionsIn our population of indigent inner‐City KTR's 1). Despite the availability of EBT coupons, 30% of patients felt that food cost was an important factor in their dietary choices. 2) Patients who reported concern with food cost ate fewer calories, and less protein and PO4 than those who made choices based on other factors. 3) Although laboratory tests and BMI were similar between the two groups, the relative weakness in 30% of the patients who reported food cost concerns should be explored further, as frailty has important prognostic significance in the post‐transplant patient.
Food Insecurity Among College Students at West Virginia University and Self‐Reported Health Status
Authors: Hagedorn Rebecca L , Barr Makenzie L , Famodu Oluremi A , Morris Allison M , Clark Rashel L , Olfert Melissa Diann 
Published: November 2023

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), in 2015 food insecurity effected roughly 17 percent of the population at some time during the year. Previous studies have shown food insecurity to be present in the college population on the west coast and pacific rim. However, evaluation in a more rural region, such as Appalachia, is limited. The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to measure the prevalence of food insecurity in students attending West Virginia University (WVU), in central Appalachia. Food security was classified using the USDA Household Food Security Module which separated individuals into 4 categories (high, marginal, low, and very low food security). A 56 question tool was developed by an Appalachian Multistate Collaborative to investigate food insecurity in college students attending an Appalachian Higher Education Institution. After Institutional Review Board, recruitment included sending emails to 1191 professors at WVU to reach students during Fall 2016 semester starting the first week of October through the end of November. A total of 639 undergraduate (n=505) and graduate (n=134) students responded to the survey with an average age of the individuals at 21 ± 4 years. Respondents were predominately single (94%), Caucasian (89%), females (71%), and of undergraduate status (77%). Of the total population, 35% of students (n=244) reported food insecurity (low or very low food security). Of 91 students reporting fair or poor health, 60% were classified as food insecure. Food insecure students had higher weight (161.1±39.8lb) compared to food secure students (155.8±35.4lb) that trended toward statistical significance by two‐tailed t‐test (p=0.09). These results suggest that food insecurity may attribute to poor self‐reported health status and increased weight gain. Further investigation is warranted to determine this relationship in young adults attending schools in the Appalachian Region.Support or Funding InformationApproval to use the data set was granted by the University of West Virginia University Institutional Review Board prior to study implementation.
Effects of collagen peptide on bone in mice with methionine restriction diet
Authors: Guo Haitao , Wang Yanan , Zhang Jiahong , Shi Yonghui , Le Guowei 
Published: November 2023

High‐fat diets produce many pernicious metabolic consequences including the adverse effects on bone. Methionine restriction (MR) and collagen peptide have already been proved to influence the overall growth of mice. Several studies reported that MR can alters bone morphology including reduced bone mass and collagen peptide can improve bone development. This study was to evaluate the rescue effects of collagen peptide on MR mice bone in male mice. We researched the effects of feeding a 20% fat diet (control), a 20% fat and Methionine restriction diet (MR), a combined MR with 1% collagen peptide (MR/P) for 12 weeks and 23 weeks on bone development in male C57BL/6 mice. MR elevated bone total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and GSH/GSSG, reduced MDA when compared with controls, while MR/P group was not different from MR group. At week 12, the femur length, femur diameter and BMC of MR mice significantly lower than control. However at week 23, the difference could not be observed between MR and control group. But the femur length, femur diameter and BMC of MR/P group were lower than MR group at week 12 and week 23. At week 23, the Distal femur cancelous BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th was lower in MR/P group and Tb.sp was higher compared with MR group. MR/P group also exhibited decreased expression levels of Runx2, Col1, Bglap2 and reduced bone osteocalcin compared with MR group. These results indicated that MR diet slow down the bone growth rate, but with age the bone development is better than control group and MR/P diet did not improved bone development, but even worsen cancellous bone with MR diet.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by program of “Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province”, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31571841), State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University in China (SKLF‐ZZB‐201609).
Upregulation of Glucose Production by Increased Dietary Protein in the Adult Cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Wester Timothy J. , Weidgraaf Karin , Hekman Margreet , Bequette Brian J. , Cave Nicholas J. , Tavendale Michael H. 
Published: November 2023

Domestic cats are strict carnivores with a high requirement for protein, from which they derive their energy and glucose needs. Shuttling of amino acid carbon through glucose may also increase utilization of amino acids that are normally oxidized as protein intake increases. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of dietary protein intake on endogenous glucose production in the cat. Eighteen cats from the colony at the Centre for Feline Nutrition at Massey University were fed one of three low carbohydrate diets containing 15, 45, or 65% of their metabolizable energy as crude protein. After 3 weeks, cats were administered a primed continuous infusion of [U‐13C] glucose for 5 hours and blood was sampled. Mass isotopomer distribution analysis of plasma glucose was used to determine glucose production. Endogenous glucose production from all sources was 1.2‐ and 1.3‐times greater in cats fed 45 and 65% crude protein compared to those fed 15% crude protein (P < 0.05). Contribution of the Cori cycle to gluconeogenesis was not different among diets and averaged 32.6 ± 1.41%, whereas non‐Cori cycle flux of endogenous glucose production (net gluconeogenesis) was greater in cats fed 45 and 65% (1.92 vs 2.29 and 2.47 g glucose × kg BW−1 × d−1, P < 0.05). Increased gluconeogenesis in cats fed high protein diets suggests that part of the increased rate of amino acid catabolism and oxidation in these cats is the result of increased amino acid carbon cycling through glucose.Support or Funding InformationResearch funding was provided by the Animals and Society Research Fund, BRCSRA.
Evaluation of the Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses Related to the Consumption of Enzymatically Reduced Glycemic Index Wheat Flour in Murine Model
Authors: Plazas Carolina G , Cabrera‐Chavez Francisco , Ochoa‐Acosta Alicia , Vergara‐Jimenez Marcela J 
Published: November 2023

Metabolic chronic diseases represent the major public health problem in the world and are mostly related to unhealthy diet and lifestyle. Food products made from cereals are our main source of starch and its digestibility and absorption rate influence the glycemic and insulinemic responses to the consumers. The structural modification of these starches by different techniques to turn them into slowly digestible and resistant starches could be and effective tool to reduce the glycemic index of food‐containing starch products and the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the glycemic and insulinemic responses related to the consumption of enzymatically reduced glycemic index wheat flour using a murine model. 30 healthy female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=6) with different diets: a rodent food commercialized diet (control), conventional wheat flour bread (CWFB), conventional wheat flour cookies (CWFC), modified wheat flour bread (MWFB) and modified wheat flour cookies (MWFC). Postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in all groups at different time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the meal. Glucose and insulin absorption kinetics and the under the curve area were plotted. The MWFC group had a significantly higher glycemic response compare to the CWFB, CWFC and MWFB groups. MWFB had significantly decrease insulin response compare to the CWFB and MWFC. MWFC significantly decrease insulin concentrations compared to the CWFB (P<0.05). These results suggest that, slowly digestible starches and resistant starches have a positive influence on glycemic and insulinemic control, and they could be used for the prevention and treatment of metabolic chronic diseases.Support or Funding InformationPROFAPI 2014 from Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa
Impact of Fiber‐Bound Polyphenols on Gut Microbiome Metabolism is Influenced by Background Diet
Authors: Jackson Matthew Irick , Jewell Dennis E 
Published: November 2023

Dietary fiber, source of numerous metabolites produced by commensal gut microbiota, is a diverse mixture of polysaccharides, and in less‐processed forms also contains plant secondary metabolites (e.g. polyphenols) bound in this matrix. Typically, some of the fibers and polyphenols are not bioavailable in the upper gastrointestinal tract of animals consuming these fibers. However, commensal gut microbiota can catabolize fiber to liberate fiber‐bound polyphenols, and enzymatically convert both to postbiotics with health benefits. We sought to gain insight into the degree to which background diets impacted the production of microbiota postbiotics in canines. Two Test diets were formulated to contain equal amounts of sources of fiber and bound‐polyphenols, but to differ in their background composition to be representative of a typical hydrolyzed (HDT) or grain‐rich (GRT) diet. Further, two Control diets were produced to serve as controls for the hydrolyzed (HDC) and grain‐rich (GRC) diets. In these control diets, the fiber sources were removed and replaced with the main source of starch otherwise present in the Test diets. A single group of dogs was used to perform subsequent trials with washout periods separating them. Each trial was a randomized, crossover design with every dog consuming both Test and Control diets. Differences in endpoints were compared between each Test and Control diet after 4 week feeding periods, and then comparisons drawn between effects of fiber on either diet type. Dogs were housed in pairs, provided daily group exercise in outdoor grassy runs and had access to natural light that varied with season. Health was monitored via clinical and physical indices. Blood and fecal collections were carried out under IACUC approved protocols. Endpoints included serum and fecal metabolome and targeted chemical analyses, clinical measures and fecal microbiome. In general, the inclusion of fiber‐bound polyphenols into both hydrolyzed and grain‐rich diets improved fecal stool quality, acidified feces, increased saccharolytic postbiotics while decreasing microbial putrefaction, and increased levels of microbial taxa associated with production of beneficial postbiotics. Fecal bile acids were altered by Test diets, with increased fecal tauro‐conjugates and urso‐forms of these metabolites in feces. Fecal polyamines were decreased by fiber‐bound polyphenols, in a manner that indicated potential for increased bacterial catabolism. There was also a general decrease in fecal indoles, although HDT consumption intriguingly increased fecal levels of the benefical indoles‐indolelactate, indolepropionate and indoleacetate. In total, there was a difference in the degree to which the fiber‐bound polyphenols could impact these endpoints, which varied by background diet; be it hydrolyzed or grain‐rich.Support or Funding InformationHill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Science and Technology Center, Topeka, KS 66601