bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Adacolumn ® cytapheresis in healthy subjects
Authors: Ramlow Wolfgang , Emmrich Jorg , Ahrenholz Peter , Sparmann Gisela , Kashiwagi Nobuhito , Franz Marita , Yokoyama Takashi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAdacolumn® is a medical device for adsorptive cytapheresis. It has been developed for selective adsorption of granulocytes and monocytes from peripheral blood of patients with immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases. A double blind sham‐controlled crossover study design was used in order to evaluate in vivo biological responses of leukocytes as well as biocompatibility during and after Adacolumn® cytapheresis in healthy volunteers. In addition, experiments were undertaken to further evaluate leukocyte reactions to Adacolumn® carrier (G‐1: cellulose diacetate) beads in vitro. Six healthy volunteers, 4 males and 2 females, with a mean age of 26.7 years were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment arms in a crossover fashion. Three subjects received a single Adacolumn® treatment, followed by a single sham treatment at an interval of 7 days. The other three subjects received the two treatments in reverse order. All subjects were followed up 7 days after the last treatment. Additionally, in vitro investigations were carried out using blood from the healthy donors to examine the effect of G‐1 beads on granulocyte functions. In vitro exposure of human peripheral blood to G‐1 beads caused downregulation of L‐selectin expression and upregulation of Mac‐1 expression on granulocytes, leading to a marked reduction of adhesive capacity of granulocytes to endothelial cells. The exposure also led to decreased granulocyte chemotactic activity to IL‐8. The number of granulocytes and monocytes clearly decreased during Adacolumn® cytapheresis. Granulocytes showed marked phenotypic changes of L‐selectinLow and Mac‐1Hi after passing through Adacolumn® in vivo. Expression of TNF‐α and chemokine receptors was downregulated. In addition, TNF‐α and IL‐1β producing capacity of peripheral blood leukocytes was decreased after Adacolumn® cytapheresis and these changes lasted even one week after the cytapheresis. The level of complement fragments, C3a and C5a, increased, while bradykinin concentration did not change during Adacolumn® cytapheresis. Exposure of human peripheral blood to G‐1 beads, both in vitro and in vivo, caused a significant reduction of adhesive capacity and proinflammatory cytokine producing capacity of peripheral blood leukocytes. Such changes were not observed after sham apheresis. Despite complement activation, tolerability of Adacolum® cytapheresis was not influenced. These findings may at least partly explain the beneficial effect of Adacolumn® cytapheresis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. J. Clin. Apheresis © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality systems in automated plateletpheresis in hospital‐based blood transfusion service in north India
Authors: Chaudhary Rajendra , Sekhar Das Sudipta , Agarwal Prashant , Shanker Shukla Jai 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe issues of providing quality blood products and maintaining donor safety are primary aims of blood transfusion services. A comprehensive quality system should be in place to fulfill these aims, which can be attained through strict adherence to the established standard operating procedures (SOPs). The Drugs and Cosmetics Act of India, which controls the licensing of blood transfusion services, does not provide clear guidelines regarding plateletpheresis procedure. We, therefore, established our own SOP and operational flow chart for plateletpheresis that can be easily followed by other centers in India. A total of 100 plateletpheresis procedures performed using two cell separators (CS3000 Baxter Healthcare, Round Lake, IL; MCS3p, Haemonetics Corporation, Braintree, MA) were evaluated following our established SOP. The mean platelet yield in CS3000 was 2.9 ± 0.84 × 1011 and in MCS3p it was 2.88 ± 0.75 × 1011per unit. However, only 4–7% of SDPs showed WBC levels <5 × 106 due to lack of appropriate methods to quantitate residual WBC counts. Six of 100 donors complained of hypocalcemic symptoms. The operational flow chart designed in this study was found to be simple and easy to adapt by blood transfusion services in this country. J. Clin. Apheresis © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HER‐2: A biomarker at the crossroads of breast cancer immunotherapy and molecular medicine
Authors: Pupa Serenella M. , Tagliabue Elda , Ménard Sylvie , Anichini Andrea 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe oncoprotein encoded by the HER‐2 oncogene is a member of the HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases and is actually the first successfully exploited target molecule in new biomolecular therapies of solid tumors. The association of HER‐2 overexpression with human tumors, its extracellular accessibility, as well as its involvement in tumor aggressiveness are all factors that make this receptor an appropriate target for tumor‐specific therapy. In addition, HER‐2 overexpression fosters its immunogenicity, as shown by the frequency of B and T cell‐mediated responses against this oncoprotein in cancer patients, and it is being investigated as a promising molecule for either passive and active immunotherapy strategies. This review summarizes a number of immune intervention approaches that target HER‐2 in breast cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arachidonic acid mediates non‐capacitative calcium entry evoked by CB1‐cannabinoid receptor activation in DDT1 MF‐2 smooth muscle cells
Authors: Demuth Dirk G. , Gkoumassi Effimia , Dröge Melloney J. , Dekkers Bart G.J. , Esselink Henk J. , van Ree Rutger M. , Parsons Mike E. , Zaagsma Johan , Molleman Areles , Nelemans S. Ad 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCannabinoid CB1‐receptor stimulation in DDT1 MF‐2 smooth muscle cells induces a rise in [Ca2+]i, which is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and modulated by thapsigargin‐sensitive stores, suggesting capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE), and by MAP kinase. Non‐capacitative Ca2+ entry (NCCE) stimulated by arachidonic acid (AA) partly mediates histamine H1‐receptor‐evoked increases in [Ca2+]i in DDT1 MF‐2 cells. In the current study, both Ca2+ entry mechanisms and a possible link between MAP kinase activation and increasing [Ca2+]i were investigated. In the whole‐cell patch clamp configuration, the CB‐receptor agonist CP 55, 940 evoked a transient, Ca2+‐dependent K+ current, which was not blocked by the inhibitors of CCE, 2‐APB, and SKF 96365. AA, but not its metabolites, evoked a transient outward current and inhibited the response to CP 55,940 in a concentration‐dependent manner. CP 55,940 induced a concentration‐dependent release of AA, which was inhibited by the CB1 antagonist SR 141716. The non‐selective Ca2+ channel blockers La3+ and Gd3+ inhibited the CP 55,940‐induced current at concentrations that had no effect on thapsigargin‐evoked CCE. La3+ also inhibited the AA‐induced current. CP 55,940‐induced AA release was abolished by Gd3+ and by phospholipase A2 inhibition using quinacrine; this compound also inhibited the outward current. The CP 55,940‐induced AA release was strongly reduced by the MAP kinase inhibitor PD 98059. The data suggest that in DDT1 MF‐2 cells, AA is an integral component of the CB1 receptor signaling pathway, upstream of NCCE and, via PLA2, downstream of MAP kinase. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutrient removal performance of an anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic process as a function of influent C/P ratio
Authors: Ma Yong , Peng Yong‐zhen , Wang Xiao‐lian , Wang Shu‐ying 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe laboratory scale anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic (A2O) process fed with synthetic brewage wastewater was designed to investigate the effects of changing feed C/P ratio on the performance of biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. In the experiment, the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was kept at approximately 300 mg L−1 while the total phosphorus concentration was varied to obtain the desired C/P ratio. Results showed that when the C/P ratio was lower than 32, phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/P ratio increased linearly, while when the C/P ratio was higher than 32, the P removal efficiency was maintained at 90–98%, and effluent P concentration was lower than 0.5 mg L−1. However, regardless of the C/P ratio, excellent COD removal (90% or higher) and good total nitrogen removal (75–84%) were maintained throughout the experiments. It was also found that very good linear correlation was obtained between COD uptake per unit P released in the anaerobic zone and C/P ratio. In addition, the P content in the wasted activated sludge increased with the decrease in the C/P ratio. Based on the results, it was recommended that the wastewater C/P ratio and its effects be incorporated into BNR design and operational procedures, appropriate C/P ratios were used to achieve the effluent treatment goals. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol and phenol removal in methanogenic and partially‐aerated methanogenic conditions in a fluidized bed bioreactor
Authors: Garibay‐Orijel Claudio , Ríos‐Leal Elvira , García‐Mena Jaime , Poggi‐Varaldo Héctor Mario 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) was operated for more than 575 days to remove 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) and phenol (Phe) from a synthetic toxic wastewater containing 80 mg L−1 of TCP and 20 mg L−1 of Phe under two regimes: Methanogenic (M) and Partially‐Aerated Methanogenic (PAM). The mesophilic, laboratory‐scale FBBR consisted of a glass column (3 L capacity) loaded with 1 L of 1 mm diameter granular activated carbon colonized by an anaerobic consortium. Sucrose (1 g COD L−1) was used as co‐substrate in the two conditions. The hydraulic residence time was kept constant at 1 day. Both conditions showed similar TCP and Phe removal (99.9 + %); nevertheless, in the Methanogenic regime, the accumulation of 4‐chlorophenol (4CP) up to 16 mg L−1 and phenol up to 4 mg L−1 was observed, whereas in PAM conditions 4CP and other intermediates were not detected. The specific methanogenic activity of biomass decreased from 1.01 ± 0.14 in M conditions to 0.19 ± 0.06 mmolCH4 h−1 gTKN−1 in PAM conditions whereas the specific oxygen uptake rate increased from 0.039 ± 0.008 in M conditions to 0.054 ± 0.012 mmolO2 h−1 gTKN−1, which suggested the co‐existence of both methanogenic archaea and aerobic bacteria in the undefined consortium. The advantage of the PAM condition over the M regime is that it provides for the thorough removal of less‐substituted chlorophenols produced by the reductive dehalogenation of TCP rather than the removal of the parent compound itself. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Tritiation of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR144528 involving lithium aluminum tritide reduction; assessment of the kinetic isotope effect by 3H‐NMR
Authors: Seltzman Herbert H. , Foster Matthew C. , Wyrick Christopher D. , Burgess Jason P. , Ivy Carroll F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR144528 was synthesized by an approach that enabled the incorporation of high specific activity tritium label while circumventing the lability of the target compound to catalytic hydrogenation. Lithium aluminum tritide of less than maximum specific activity was employed to introduce tritium, resulting in an H/T incorporation indicative of no kinetic isotope effect for the hydride/tritide reduction of a methyl benzoate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of pulmonary surfactant disaturated‐phosphatidylcholine synthesis in human infants using deuterium incorporation from body water
Authors: Cogo Paola E. , Gucciardi Antonina , Traldi Umberto , Hilkert Andreas W. , Verlato Giovanna , Carnielli Virgilio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine surfactant palmitate disaturated‐phosphatidylcholine (DSPC‐PA) synthesis in vivo in humans by the incorporation of deuterium from total body water into DSPC‐PA under steady state condition. We studied three newborns and one infant (body weight (BW) 4.6 ± 2.9 kg, gestational age 37.5 ± 2 weeks, age 9 ± 9 days) and four preterm newborns (BW 1.3 ± 0.6 kg, gestational age 30.3 ± 2.5 weeks, postnatal age 8.8 ± 9.2 h). All infants were mechanically ventilated during the study and the four preterm infants received exogenous surfactant at the start of the study.We administered 0.44 g 2H2O/kg BW as a bolus intravenously, followed by 0.0125 g 2H2O/kg BW every 6 h to maintain deuterium enrichment at plateau over 2 days. Urine samples and tracheal aspirates (TA) were obtained prior to dosing and every 6 h thereafter. Isotopic enrichment curves of DSPC‐PA from sequential TA and urine deuterium enrichments were analyzed by Gas Chromatography‐Isotope Ratio—Mass Spectrometry (GC‐IRMS) and normalized for Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water. Enrichment data were used to measure DSPC‐PA fractional synthesis rate (FSR) from the linear portion of the DSPC‐PA enrichment rise over time, relative to plateau enrichment of urine deuterium. Secretion time (ST) was defined as the time lag between the start of the study and the appearance of DSPC‐PA deuterium enrichment in TA. Data were given as mean ± SD.All study infants reached deuterium‐steady state in urine. DSPC‐PA FSR was 6.5 ± 2.8%/day (range 2.6–10.2). FSR for infants who did not receive exogenous surfactant was 5.7 ± 3.5%/day (range 2.6–9.9%/day) and 7.3 ± 2.1%/day (range 5.1–10.2%/day) in the preterms, whereas DSPC‐PA ST was 10 ± 10 h and 31 ± 10 h respectively.Surfactant DSPC‐PA synthesis can be measured in humans by the incorporation of deuterium from body water. This study is a simpler and less invasive method compared to previously published methods on surfactant kinetics by means of stable isotopes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation of aplidine metabolites formed in vitro by human liver microsomes using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Brandon Esther F. A. , van Ooijen Ronald D. , Sparidans Rolf W. , Lázaro Luis López , Heck Albert J. R. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe cyclic depsipeptide aplidine is a new anti‐cancer drug of marine origin. Four metabolites of this compound were found after incubation with pooled human microsomes using gradient high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. After chromatographic isolation, the metabolites have been identified using nano‐electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. A highly specific sodium‐ion interaction with the cyclic structure opens the depsipeptide ring, and cleavage of the amino acid residues gives sequence information when activated by collision‐induced dissociation in the second quadrupole. The aplidine molecule could undergo the following metabolic reactions: hydroxylation at the isopropyl group (metabolites apli‐h 1 and apli‐h 2); C‐dealkylation at the N(Me)‐leucine group (metabolite apli‐da); hydroxylation at the isopropyl group and C‐dealkylation at the N(Me)‐leucine group (metabolite apli‐da/h), and C‐demethylation at the threonine group (metabolite apli‐dm). The identification of these metabolites formed in vitro may greatly aid the elucidation of the metabolic pathways of aplidine in humans. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of bile acid CoA esters by high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS)
Authors: Gan‐Schreier H. , Okun J. G. , Kohlmueller D. , Langhans C.‐D. , Peters V. , ten Brink H. J. , Verhoeven N. M. , Jakobs C. , Voelkl A. , Hoffmann G. F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe novel and rapid assay presented here combines high‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) to directly measure and quantify the CoA esters of 3α,7α,12α‐trihydroxy‐ and 3α,7α‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholestan‐26‐oic acid (THCA and DHCA). The latter are converted inside peroxisomes to the primary bile acids, cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, respectively. Prior to MS/MS, esters were separated by reversed‐phase HPLC on a C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase (acetonitrile/water/2‐propanol) and subsequently detected by multiple reaction monitoring. For quantification, the CoA ester of deuterium‐labelled 3α,7α,12α‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid (d4‐CA) was used as internal standard. To complete an assay took less than 8 min.To verify the validity of the assay, the effect of peroxisomal proteins on the efficacy of extraction of the CoA esters was tested. To this end, variable amounts of the CoA esters were spiked with a fixed amount of either intact peroxisomes or peroxisomal matrix proteins and then extracted using a solid‐phase extraction system. The CoA esters could be reproducibly recovered in the range of 0.1–4 µmol l−1 (linear correlation coefficient R2 > 0.99), with a detection limit of 0.1 µmol l−1.In summary, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry combined with HPLC as described here proved to be a rapid and versatile technique for the determination of bile acid CoA esters in a mixture with peroxisomal proteins. This suggests this technique to become a valuable tool in studies dealing with the multi‐step biosynthesis of bile acids and its disturbances in disorders like the Zellweger syndrome. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new adaptive multi‐biasS‐parameter measurement algorithm for transistor characterization
Authors: van Niekerk Cornell , Schreurs Dominique 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new adaptive measurement algorithm is described for the control of an automatedS‐parameter measurement set‐up used to characterize transistors for non‐linear modelling. The procedure differs from previous algorithms in that is uses both the device DC‐ andS‐parameter data to identify DC bias regions where the device characteristics are changing rapidly. By placing more bias points in these areas and less data points in regions where the device response stays constant, the non‐linear behaviour of the device can be characterized more accurately while keeping the total volume of the experimental data and hence the measurement time to an acceptable level. Experimental results are presented that illustrates the operation of the adaptive algorithm as well as the influence that the selection procedure has on non‐linear modelling results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational Changes of the Amyloid β‐Peptide (1–40) Adsorbed on Solid Surfaces
Authors: Giacomelli Carla E. , Norde Willem 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: The conformational change of the 39–43 residues of the amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) toward a β‐sheet enriched state promotes self‐aggregation of the peptide molecules and constitutes the major peptide component of the amyloid plaques in Alzheimer patients. The crucial question behind the self‐aggregation of Aβ is related to the different pathways the peptide may take after cleavage from the amyloid precursor proteins at cellular membranes. This work is aiming at determining the conformation of the Aβ (1–40) adsorbed on hydrophobic Teflon and hydrophilic silica particles, as model sorbent surfaces mimicking the apolar transmembrane environment and the polar, charged membrane surface, respectively. The mechanism by which the Aβ interacts with solid surfaces strongly depends on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of the particles. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions contribute differently in each case, causing a completely different conformational change of the adsorbed molecules on the two surfaces. When hydrophobic interactions between the peptide and the sorbent prevail, the adsorbed Aβ (1–40) mainly adopts an α‐helix conformation due to H‐bonding in the apolar part of the peptide that is oriented towards the surface. On the other hand, when the peptide adsorbs by electrostatic interactions β‐sheet formation is promoted due to intermolecular association between the apolar parts of the adsorbed peptide. Irrespective of the characteristics of the solid sorbent, crowding the surface results in intermolecular association between adsorbed molecules leading to a strong aggregation tendency of the Aβ (1–40).CD spectra of Aβ (1–40) at pH 7: A) in solution ([Aβ] = 0.2 mg · ml−1) freshly prepared (line) and after overnight incubation (symbols); B) on Teflon (Γ = 0.5 mg · m−2).magnified imageCD spectra of Aβ (1–40) at pH 7: A) in solution ([Aβ] = 0.2 mg · ml−1) freshly prepared (line) and after overnight incubation (symbols); B) on Teflon (Γ = 0.5 mg · m−2).
Recent advances in mycotoxin determination in food and feed by hyphenated chromatographic techniques/mass spectrometry
Authors: Sforza Stefano , Dall'Asta Chiara , Marchelli Rosangela 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMycotoxins are fungal toxins produced by molds, which occur universally in food and feed derivatives, and are produced under certain environmental conditions in the field before harvest, post‐harvest, during storage, processing, and feeding. Mycotoxin contamination is one of the most relevant and worrisome problem concerning food and feed safety because it can cause a variety of toxic acute and chronic effects in human and animals. In this review we report the use of mass spectrometry in connection with chromatographic techniques for mycotoxin determination by considering separately the most diffuse class of mycotoxins: patulin, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, trichothecenes, and fumonisins. Although the selectivity of mass spectrometry is unchallenged if compared to common GC and LC detection methods, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity may be extremely variable concerning the different mycotoxins, matrices, and instruments. The sensitivity issue may be a real problem in the case of LC/MS, where the response can be very different for the different ionization techniques (ESI, APCI, APPI). Therefore, when other detection methods (such as fluorescence or UV absorbance) can be used for the quantitative determination, LC/MS appears to be only an outstanding confirmatory technique. In contrast, when the toxins are not volatile and do not bear suitable chromophores or fluorophores, LC/MS appears to be the unique method to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses without requiring any derivatization procedure. The problem of exact quantitative determination in GC/MS and LC/MS methods is particularly important for mycotoxin determination in food, given the high variability of the matrices, and can be solved only by the use of isotopically labeled internal standards or by the use of ionization interfaces able to lower matrix effects and ion suppressions. When the problems linked to inconstant ionization and matrix effects will be solved, only MS detectors will allow to simplify more and more the sample preparation procedures and to avoid clean‐up procedures, making feasible low‐cost, high‐throughput determination of mycotoxins in many different food matrices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical and experimental NMR study of protopine hydrochloride isomers
Authors: Toušek Jaromír , Maliňáková Kateřina , Dostál Jiří , Marek Radek 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of cis‐ and trans‐protopinium salts were measured and calculated. The calculations of the chemical shifts consisted of conformational analysis, geometry optimization (RHF/6–31G** method) and shielding constants calculations (B3LYP/6–31G** method). Based on the results of the quantum chemical calculations, two sets of experimental chemical shifts were assigned to the particular isomers. According to the experimental results, the trans‐isomer is more stable and its population is ∼68%. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.