bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Iranian Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum on the Basis of RAPD Analysis, Virulence and Vegetative Compatibility
Authors: Zamani M. R. , Motallebi M. , Rostamian A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFusarium yellow disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), caused by the vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, is a major production constraint in chickpea‐growing regions of Iran. Fifteen isolates of F. oxysporum were classified on the basis of vegetative compatibility (the ability to form heterokaryons). Vegetative compatibility was assessed by pairing nit mutants. The isolates were assigned to three vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs): VCG1, VCG2, and VCG3 with 5, 3, and 7 members, respectively. These isolates were also characterized by virulence assay. On the basis of disease severity on chickpea seedlings, they were divided into three groups: highly virulent (HV), moderately virulent (MV) and weakly virulent (WV). Twelve arbitrary decamer primers were tested on the fungal isolates by polymerase chain reaction. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis indicated considerable genetic variation among these isolates. Comparison of the results of VCG tests and the virulence assay indicated that all seven HV isolates belong to a single vegetative compatibility group (VCG3), and all three WV isolates are placed in VCG1. There was no relationship between RAPD groups and the other two characteristics of Iranian F. oxysporum isolates.
Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis by Wettable Powder Formulations of the two Strains of Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Bora T. , Özaktan H. , Göre E. , Aslan E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTalc‐based formulations of the two strains of Pseudomonas putida were tested separately and together for their ability to suppress the development of Fusarial wilt of muskmelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, under in vivo conditions in 2 consecutive years. In field trials conducted in 2001 and 2002, control efficacy achieved by seed treatment by the formulations of P. putida strain 30 was 63% and 46–50% for strain 180 at 90 days after transplanting. Seed treatment by the mixture of P. putida strains did not achieve as much effectiveness as biocontrol agents applied separately. Benomyl, used as reference chemical in both years, was less effective in reduction of the wilt severity of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis than the bioformulation treatments.
Variability in Pathogenicity among Phytophthora spp. Isolated from Citrus in Corsica
Authors: Vernière C. , Cohen S. , Raffanel B. , Dubois A. , Venard P. , Panabières F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGummosis, caused by several Phytophthora species, is one of the most serious constraints to citrus production in Corsica. The current Phytophthora population on citrus trees is mainly composed of P. citrophthora divided into two major groups, namely G1 and G2, with two additional minor groups. Following changes in cultural practices, favourable climatic conditions, and introduction of new hosts, repeated gummosis outbreaks have been observed. The pathogenicity of several Phytophthora isolates of each group collected in citrus groves was assessed for gummosis disease on 20 citrus scion and rootstock cultivars. All isolates tested proved virulent on citrus but extensive pathogenicity differences were observed among and within Phytophthora groups. The data indicate that G1 isolates of P. citrophthora are pathogenic to resistant rootstocks such as Poncirus trifoliata or Carrizo citrange, and moderately aggressive towards scions. In contrast, isolates of the group G2 tend to display a greater aggressiveness to a number of scion cultivars, but are not virulent to P. trifoliata and its hybrids. Implications of these data on disease management are discussed.
Induction of Resistance in Melon Seedlings Against Soil‐borne Fungal Pathogens by Gaseous Treatments with Methyl Jasmonate and Ethylene
Authors: Buzi A. , Chilosi G. , Magro P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe plant signalling molecules methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene, alone and in combination, were tested by seed gaseous treatment for their ability to induce resistance in melon seedlings against gummy stem blight, white mould disease and fusarium wilt caused by the soil‐borne fungal pathogens, Didymella bryoniae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, respectively. MeJA and ethylene treatments significantly enhanced the resistance level against the tested fungi, whereas when applied simultaneously their protective effect was less pronounced. Treatments with MeJA and ethylene were also tested in terms of biochemical responses by the measurement of variations of chitinase and peroxidase activities. MeJA treatment increased exochitinase activity in melon seedlings, whereas ethylene induced both exochitinase and peroxidase activities. Conversely, when combined, MeJA and ethylene consistently enhanced the activity of both exo‐ and endochitinase as well as peroxidase activity. The augmented level of chitinase and peroxidase activity was accompanied by the differential induction of an acidic chitinase isoenzyme and of both basic and acidic peroxidase isoenzymes. Results indicate that some inducible defences and associated resistance are independently enhanced in melon seedlings by the action of MeJA or ethylene, suggesting the coexistence of different resistance mechanisms.
Studies to Determine the Causal Agents of Soil‐borne Fungal Diseases of Strawberries in Aydin and to Control them by Soil Disinfestation
Authors: Benli̇oğlu S. , Yildiz A. , Döken T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study was aimed to determine the causal agents of soil‐borne fungal diseases that pose a threat to the strawberry production in Aydin, Turkey and to investigate the potential effects of solarization and three fumigants (metam sodium, dazomet and methyl bromide) on these diseases. As the agents of the diseases, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) J. Schröt., Verticillium dahliae Kleb. were detected. Trials to determine the effects of solarization and the fumigants were conducted in two successive cropping seasons of strawberries. Soil temperatures at 0, 10 and 20 cm depth of solarized and unsolarized plots were measured. In 1998–99, soil solarization gave significantly better control of the diseases than fumigants and the highest yield of 59 tons/ha was obtained from the solarized plots. This is followed by dazomet (50 g/m2) treated plots with the yield of 34.4 tons/ha, while non‐treated control plots yielded 22.4 tons/ha. In 1999–2000, all treatments gave higher yields than non‐treated control plots (26.1 tons/ha), but there were no difference (P < 0.05) among the treated plots where the yields varied between 33.3 and 36.1 tons/ha.
Biological Control of Heterodera cruciferae (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) Franklin 1945 with Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.
Authors: Aksoy H. M. , Mennan S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study was conducted to access the ability of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. to suppress cyst nematode Heterodera cruciferae, which was caused by reproduction. The yield loss of cruciferous plants in infested soil with H. cruciferae was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments. For this purpose, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was isolated from infested soil with cyst nematode H. cruciferae and a selected strain of fluorescent Pseudomonas [Fluorescent Pseudomonas strain no. 6 (FPs6)] used on cyst, females and eggs of H. cruciferae to study the biological control. In the in vitro study, eggs of H. cruciferae were infected by FPs6 on King's B Agar and consequently the growth and hatching of eggs were inhibited. Furthermore, J1 and J2 being grown in diseased eggs as they were infected by FPs6. In the in vivo study, plant lengths, leaf areas, wet weights, dry weights and root lengths of seedlings were investigated. There were no considerable differences among FPs6, FsP6 + Cyst and Control groups on plant length and root length (P > 0.05). But there were considerable differences between Cyst and Control groups on plant length and root length (P > 0.05).
Yield Responses of Barley to Leaf Stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) under Experimental Conditions in Southern Syria
Authors: Arabi M. I. E. , Jawhar M. , Al‐Safadi B. , Mirali N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe seed‐borne pathogen, Pyrenophora graminea is the causal agent of barley leaf stripe disease. Field trials were undertaken to investigate the impact of leaf stripe on barley yield in two growing seasons in Southern Syria, by comparing plots with and without artificial inoculation. Ten barley cultivars originating from widely dispersed areas were used. The overall response to leaf stripe differed with the differences in susceptibility levels of the cultivars. Grain yield, the number of tillers, kernel weight and plant biomass decreased as disease severity increased. Diseased plants had fewer tillers, and as a consequence a reduced grain yield per plant. High yield losses resulted from leaf stripe in susceptible cultivars in Arrivate, Furat 1, WI2291 and Arabi Abiad with 44%, 50%, 73% and 92%, respectively. The cultivar Banteng had the best level of resistance to the disease, and is a candidate donor for resistance in future breeding programmes. As leaf stripe can dramatically reduce barley yields under favourable conditions, the disease should be considered by crop improvement programmes in Mediterranean and similar environments.
Growth, maturation and photosynthesis of the brackish water alga Rhizoclonium sp. (Cladophoraceae, Chlorophyta) in relation to salinity
Authors: MatsuyamaSerisawa Kazuyo , Serisawa Yukihiko , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: September 2004

SUMMARYThe effects of salinity on growth, maturation and photosynthesis were examined in the filamentous alga Rhizoclonium sp. (Cladophoraceae, Chlorophyta) growing in a brackish water habitat in a canal draining into Tokyo Bay, Japan. In this habitat Rhizoclonium sp. was exposed to a wide salinity range, both daily, 5–23‰ during November 1996, and hourly, 6–24‰ during the spring tide day. From the results of culture experiments, growth and maturation of Rhizoclonium sp. occurred in the wide salinity range of 10–40‰ at 20 μmol photons m‐2s‐1 at 20°C, but did not occur at salinity of 0‰. Light saturation on the photosynthesis‐irradiance curve at 20°C at 20‰ was reached at 100 μmol photons m‐2s‐1, which is characteristic for shade‐adapted algae. On the photosynthesis‐salinity curve at 20°C at saturated irradiance (160 μmol photons m‐2s‐1), the net photosynthetic rate increased with increasing salinity up to 30‰ but decreased at 40‰. On the photosynthesis–salinity curve at 20°C at 20 μmol photons m‐2s‐1 (at near in situ irradiance), the photosynthetic rates were almost the same in the salinity range from 0 to 40‰. Therefore, this species is able to grow, reproduce and photosynthesize with a relative efficiency in a wide salinity range, which shows that it is well adapted to a brackish water environment.
Renal trauma in Australian Rules Football: an institutional experience
Authors: Lee Steven , Thavaseelan Jeff , Low Vincent 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Australian rules football is the most popular team sport in Australia. Literature on severe abdominal injuries in this sport is limited. The present study aims to review cases of renal trauma in Australian football at our institution.Methods:  A retrospective study was performed. All men admitted to our institution with renal trauma or haematuria associated with Australian football from July 1995 to July 2001 were analysed.Results:  There were 13 cases of renal trauma; two were grade V injuries requiring nephrectomy.Conclusion:  Renal injury will be intermittently encountered owing to the popularity of Australian football. Renal injuries are often difficult to assess and early recognition, management and referral to a district hospital is crucial.
Development of a parathyroid database in Melbourne and review of the last 50 cases
Authors: Yeung Meei J. , Serpell Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is only possible if preoperative localization studies accurately identify the abnormal parathyroid tissue. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the accuracy of these studies in our geographical region and the consequences on MIP.Methods:  A Filemaker Pro database was designed and a retrospective analysis was carried out on the last 50 parathyroidectomies.Results:  There were a total of 49 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy; with one patient having two operations. Forty‐nine preoperative ultrasound localization studies were performed. Ultrasound sensitivity of correct localization of abnormal parathyroids was 41% with a false positive rate of 25%. Twenty‐two sestamibi scans identified 14 abnormal parathyroids. Sestamibi scanning had a sensitivity of 32% for correct localization and a false positive rate of 32%. There were 16 different radiologists or nuclear medicine physicians involved with the nuclear medicine scans, and 22 different radiologists involved in the preoperative ultrasound scans. Forty‐seven patients were cured of hyperparathyroidism after a primary operation, with a total of 48 patients in all being cured following re‐exploration. One patient was lost to follow up. The success of primary exploration was therefore 96% and following re‐exploration this increased to 98%.Conclusion:  We found preoperative localization studies to have low sensitivities and high false positive rates. To move successfully towards MIP, we need to identify a radiologist with a special interest in localization studies to achieve greater accuracy.
Skin protection beneath the tourniquet a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Din Robert , Geddes Tony 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Complications have been reported as a consequence of tourniquet application. These include skin abrasions, blisters and, breaks. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the difference in clinical outcome using tourniquets with and without skin protection.Methods:  A prospective randomized trial was performed on consecutive patients undergoing elective total knee replacement or knee arthroscopy. The patients were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: group 1, tourniquet without skin protection; group 2, tourniquet with Soffban skin protection (BSN Medical, Melbourne, Australia); and group 3, tourniquet with the Atlantech skin protection drape (Atlantech Medical Devices, Harrogate, UK). All patients had identical tourniquets, tourniquet pressure and skin sterilization method. At the conclusion of the case, the tourniquet was removed and the skin beneath the tourniquet was inspected and recorded into one of four categories: skin normal, skin abrasions, skin blisters and skin break.Results:  One hundred and fifty consecutive eligible patients having a total knee replacement or arthroscopy were included in the present study. There were 82 total knee replacements and 68 knee arthroscopies There were 89 women and 61 men, the mean age was 51 years. No significant difference in patient demographics were found between the groups. The overall skin complication rate was lower in the tourniquet skin protected groups. Total skin complication rate in the non‐skin tourniquet protected group was 12 patients out of 50. In the skin protected tourniquet groups, the number of skin complications was six out of 100. This was statistically significant P = 0.0034 (χ2‐test).Conclusion:  We recommend that lower limb tourniquets should be used with skin protection beneath them.
Synovial sarcoma − towards a simplified approach to prognosis
Authors: Campbell Catherine , Gallagher John , Dickinson Ian 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Synovial sarcoma is a high grade sarcoma that usually occurs in adults. Numerous studies have attempted to identify prognostic factors that might allow more effective treatment for particular subgroups of patients.Methods:  We studied 25 histologically confirmed cases of synovial sarcoma in an attempt to identify particular patient, tumour or treatment characteristics that might have a prognostic significance using Cox proportional hazards regression modelling to identify differences in survival rates. All patients received their definitive surgical treatment from a single orthopaedic surgeon reducing the likelihood of bias related to variations in surgical technique.Results:  Statistically significant higher survival rates were seen in female patients (P = 0.040) and in patients aged <50 years (P = 0.028). There was also a tendency towards higher survival rates in those cases with upper limb tumours, tumours less than 50 mm in size, and tumours that histologically showed low grade tumour nuclei. Differences in survival were not seen with the percentage of epithelioid, spindled or poorly differentiated areas present, the number of mitoses, or the presence of necrosis. No treatment characteristics were associated with differences in survival.Conclusions:  The present study has confirmed that male sex and older age are unfavourable prognostic features in synovial sarcoma. Additionally, the histological grade of synovial sarcomas might be more accurately and simply determined based on an assessment of nuclear grade alone.
Novel imaging strategy for the detection of fat embolism after arthroplasty
Authors: Bruce Warwick , Van der Wall Hans , Peters Matthew , Morgan Lucy , Hian Liaw Yong , Storey Geoffrey 
Published: September 2004

Introduction:  Respiratory complications are common after arthroplasty with fat emboli and thromboembolic disease (PTE) being the most serious. As fat embolism from bone marrow should contain reticuloendothelial cells, we hypothesized that these cells take up colloid in the lung. A prospective tomographic study of 99m Tc phytate and perfusion was performed within 24 h after arthroplasty.Methods:   Tomographic lung studies were acquired after 99m Tc phytate and 99m Tc MAA injection. Pre‐ and postoperative arterial blood gases (ABG), radiography/computed tomography were obtained. ABG were analysed as the difference in alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradients, pre‐ and postoperatively (DA‐a).Results:  Forty patients were studied, 16 with hip and 24 with knee arthroplasties. Lung uptake of 99m Tc phytate was present in 35% of cases. PTE was detected in 25 of 38 (67%) patients evaluated. DA‐a was significantly different between patients with PTE/fat embolism and without either entity (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  A simple test is available for the detection of fat embolism in the lungs. It can specifically differentiate this common cause of hypoxia from PTE.
Paediatric constipation for adult surgeons − article 1: targeting the cause
Authors: Sutcliffe Jonathan R. , King Sebastian K. , Southwell Bridget R. , M Hutson John 
Published: September 2004

Constipation is very common in all age groups and can be resistant to standard therapies, producing chronic morbidity. Childhood onset constipation frequently produces symptoms that persist into adulthood. Recent advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood constipation that could have application in adult practice.In the first part of the present review, the methods of differentiation of patients with a disorder of colonic motility from those with an anorectal hold‐up are discussed. Slow transit constipation, with distinct features on colonic manometry and scintigraphy, has only recently been recognized in children. This diagnosis, together with a novel method of placement of a manometric catheter, is described. While the cause of slow transit constipation remains unclear, clinical features that differ between children and adults may provide an insight into the aetiology.The diagnosis of intestinal neuronal dysplasia is explained and the controversy surrounding the diagnosis outlined. We propose that the traditional histological criteria exclude many other clinically significant forms of dysplasia of the enteric nervous system and should be extended.
A safe technique for the insertion of the Hasson cannula
Authors: Gett Rohan M. , Joseph Mark G. 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Most techniques of Hasson cannula insertion still involve a significant risk of visceral or vascular damage. This is true even for the modified open techniques of cannulation.Methods:  A technique of sequential clipping and elevation of abdominal wall layers is described, which permits safer Hasson cannulation at the umbilicus or at other sites on the abdomen even in the presence of underlying adhesions.Results:  Eight hundred and seventy‐six patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy using this technique of Hasson cannulation. Forty‐two of these patients had the cannula placed at other sites other than the umbilicus because of previous surgery and suspected adhesions. Using this technique there were no major complications. Specifically, this technique did not incur any cases of visceral or vascular damage.Conclusions:  The technique of sequential clipping and elevation of all layers of the abdominal wall during the insertion of the Hasson cannula allows for safer entry into the peritoneal cavity.
In‐use efficacy of a chlorhexidine in alcohol surgical rub: a comparative study
Authors: Grabsch Elizabeth A. , Mitchell David J. , Hooper Jonathan , Turnidge John D. 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Although full surgical scrubs are performed prior to each case on an operating list, optimum regimens for hand cleaning have yet to be determined, and in‐use efficacy evaluations are very limited.Methods:  A crossover study was undertaken comparing a chlorhexidine in detergent/alcohol regimen with povidine‐iodine detergent scrub, within an orthopaedic operating environment. Depending on the skin asepsis regimen used, five surgical team members scrubbed or rubbed prior to each case for a complete operating list. Bactericidal efficacy was measured using the ‘glove‐juice’ technique before and after hand asepsis, and at the completion of each case.Results:  The chlorhexidine regimen caused substantial and sustained reductions in hand bacterial counts (>50‐fold prior to case 1) during surgical cases. Application of alcoholic chlorhexidine prior to each subsequent case reduced bacterial counts to the same level as the original scrub. In contrast, the povidine‐iodine scrub reduced counts <3‐fold prior to the first case and <2‐fold in subsequent cases. The chlorhexidine regimen also resulted in persistent bactericidal effects between cases, as counts prior to application of cases 2 and higher were significantly lower than prior to case 1 (>7‐fold for case 2 vs case 1).Conclusions:  The chlorhexidine regimen demonstrated excellent bactericidal efficacy throughout an operating list, and was superior to povidine‐iodine scrubbing in all aspects. The alcoholic chlorhexidine regimen is simpler and should have wide surgical application.