bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow‐resistive loading and diaphragmatic muscle function in term and preterm infants
Authors: Dassios Theodore , Vervenioti Aggeliki , Tsintoni Asimina , Fouzas Sotirios , Karatza Ageliki A. , Dimitriou Gabriel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to assess diaphragmatic function in term and preterm infants with and without history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), before and after the application of inspiratory flow resistive loading.MethodsForty infants of a median (range) gestational age of 34 (25–40) weeks were studied. BPD was defined as supplemental oxygen requirement for >28 days of life. Seventeen infants were term, 17 preterm without history of BPD, and six preterm with a history of BPD. The diaphragmatic pressure–time index (PTIdi) was calculated as the mean to maximum trans‐diaphragmatic pressure ratio times the inspiratory duty cycle. The PTIdi was calculated before and after the application of an inspiratory‐flow resistance for 120 s. Airflow was measured by a pneumotachograph and the transdiaphragmatic pressure by a dual pressure catheter.ResultsThe median (interquartile range [IQR]) pre‐resistance PTIdi was higher in preterm infants without BPD (0.064 [0.050–0.077]) compared with term infants (0.052 [0.044–0.062], p = .029) and was higher in preterm infants with BPD (0.119 [0.086–0.132]) compared with a subgroup of preterm infants without BPD (0.062 [0.056–0.072], p = .004). The median (IQR) postresistance PTIdi was higher in preterm infants without BPD (0.101 [0.084–0.132]) compared with term infants (0.067 [0.055–0.083], p < .001) and was higher in preterm infants with BPD [0.201(0.172‐0.272)] compared with the preterm subgroup without BPD (0.091 [0.081–0.108],p = .004). The median (IQR) percentage change of the PTIdi after the application of the resistance was higher in preterm infants without BPD (65 [51–92] %) compared with term infants (34 [20–39] %, p < .001).ConclusionsPreterm infants, especially those recovering from BPD, are at increased risk of diaphragmatic muscle fatigue under conditions of increased inspiratory loading.
Monitoring of physiologic features and treatment aspects of children on home invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Chawla Jasneek , Tan Hui‐leng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPediatric home invasive mechanical ventilation patients are a small but resource‐intensive cohort, requiring close monitoring and multidisciplinary care. Patients are often dependent on their ventilator for life support, with any significant complications such as equipment failure, tracheostomy blockage, or accidental decannulation becoming potentially life‐threatening if not identified quickly. This review discusses the indications and variations in practice worldwide, in terms of models of care, including home care provision, choice of equipment, and monitoring. With advances in technology, optimal monitoring strategies for home, continue to be debated: In‐built ventilator alarms are often inadequately sensitive for pediatric patients, necessitating additional external monitoring devices to minimize risk. Pulse oximetry has been the preferred monitoring modality at home, though in some special circumstances such as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, home carbon dioxide monitoring may be important to consider. Children should be under regular follow‐up at specialist respiratory centers where clinical evaluation, nocturnal oximetry, and capnography monitoring and/or poly(somno)graphy and analysis of ventilator download data can be performed regularly to monitor progress. Recent exciting advances in technology, particularly in telemonitoring, which have potential to hugely benefit this complex group of patients are also discussed.
Improvement in quality of life with continuous positive airway pressure outweighs the treatment burden in children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Nisbet Lauren C. , Ellis Kirsten , Mihai Rebecca , Croft Emma , Davey Margot J. , Nixon Gillian M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may pose a significant burden on families. We assessed the impact of CPAP for children on quality of life (QOL) and caregiver treatment burden.MethodsProspective cohort study of children commencing outpatient CPAP in a specialist sleep centre 2020−2022. Questionnaires regarding sleep‐related symptoms (PROMIS Pediatric Sleep Disturbance and Sleep‐Related Impairment), QOL (OSA‐18, QI‐Disability), caregiver burden (Caregiver Strain Questionnaire) and overall health impact (Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory) were completed by caregivers at CPAP commencement and 6 weeks later.ResultsTwenty‐six patients completed follow‐up (7 female; median age 11.4 year, baseline obstructive apnea hypopnea index 10.3/h; 77% overweight or obese, 73% comorbidity other than obesity). OSA‐related QOL (OSA‐18) significantly improved at follow‐up (p < 0.01), as did child general QOL (p < 0.001), sleep disturbance (p < 0.01) and sleep‐related impairment (p < 0.001). Caregivers mostly rated CPAP as beneficial to their child's health but 19% rated CPAP as harmful or having no effect. Caregiver strain reduced at follow‐up (p < 0.001) and benefit outweighed inconvenience (p < 0.0001) in 81%. CPAP adherence was correlated with overall health impact (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) but not with caregiver rating of inconvenience.ConclusionsCPAP resulted in improvements in QOL and sleep‐related symptoms, and reduced caregiver strain. Perceived benefits outweighed the burden of treatment for most but not all families. CPAP adherence was moderately correlated with family‐reported measures of benefit but not related to perceived inconvenience. This study provides reassuring evidence regarding the benefits and impacts of CPAP for children, many of whom already have complex health care needs.
Epidemiological shifts in bronchiolitis patterns and impact of the COVID‐19: A two‐season comparative study
Authors: Presti Santiago , Manti Sara , Gammeri Carmela , Parisi Giuseppe F. , Papale Maria , Leonardi Salvatore 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) affecting infants and young children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has historically been the primary causative agent, but other viruses also contribute to the LRTI epidemiology. Recent changes in epidemiology and clinical patterns due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have raised concerns. This study aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on bronchiolitis epidemiology and severity.MethodsTwo consecutive bronchiolitis seasons (October 2021 to March 2022 and October 2022 to March 2023) were compared. Data on viral agents, hospitalization duration, clinical severity, and respiratory support requirements were collected from pediatric patients at San Marco Hospital, University of Catania.ResultsIn the 2021–2022 season, RSV was the predominant virus (40%), followed by other viruses, with mild clinical outcomes. In the 2022–2023 season, RSV remained prevalent (58.7%), but other viruses, including rhinovirus (RV) and influenza, showed a significant increase (p < .05) in bronchiolitis cases and severity. Notably, RSV‐related bronchiolitis did not exhibit greater severity compared to non‐RSV cases in the 2022–2023 season, contrary to the previous year.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic appears to have shifted the epidemiological landscape of bronchiolitis, with a peak incidence in November instead of January/February. Non‐RSV viruses (RV, influenza A and B, as well as metapneumovirus) have gained prominence, possibly due to viral competition and reduced pandemic‐related restrictions. Traditionally, RSV has been the primary pathogen responsible for most bronchiolitis cases. Nonetheless, the findings of this study indicate a shifting landscape in bronchiolitis etiology, with RSV gradually diminishing in its role. Contrary to the previous year, RSV‐related bronchiolitis did not exhibit greater severity compared to non‐RSV cases in the 2022–2023 season.
Are the ladybugs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) candidate predators of Toumeyella parvicornis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)?
Authors: Di Sora Nicolò , Rossini Luca , Contarini Mario , Virla Eduardo Gabriel , Speranza Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundToumeyella parvicornis is an alien pest of recent introduction in Italy that infests stone pines (Pinus pinea L.), its main host plant in Europe. Infestations are currently controlled through endotherapic treatments, but the high costs and the long‐term inefficacy highlight the need for alternative control strategies applicable in natural systems as well. An analysis of the effectiveness of autochthonous and naturalized predators is the first step to achieve this goal. This work focused on two candidate predators, Exochomus quadripustulatus and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), that may potentially control T. parvicornis. The analysis was carried out under laboratory‐controlled and semi‐field conditions.ResultsLaboratory tests were carried out to assess: (i) the predation rate of the ladybugs over different densities of pest preimaginal stages, and (ii) the effect of the presence of heterospecific and conspecific predators on the attractiveness of prey colonies. Semi‐field experimentations were carried out by wrapping infested stone pine twigs with net sleeves and applying one of three treatments: (i) Exochomus quadripustulatus, (ii) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, and (iii) control containing only the pest population. Both the ladybugs were attracted by T. parvicornis, offered as prey. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more attracted to conspecific and heterospecific ladybugs than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and responded to prey more quickly.ConclusionsThe results obtained could be useful for planning further experimentations to explore the potential use of these predators in biological control programs that may be applied in infested areas. Besides the use in an urban context, where pesticide use is strongly limited, the release of natural enemies may help safeguard stone pine forests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Structural color‐based physical unclonable function
Authors: Lin Xiaofeng , Shi Daxiang , Yi Guobin , Yu Dingshan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommodity fraud poses significant economic and public health risks while jeopardizing market stability. A promising avenue for addressing this issue involves the incorporation of physical unclonable function (PUF) in anti‐counterfeiting labels for commodity authentication purposes. PUFs are a large number of unbreakable security labels generated through a random process, which exhibit unique physical pattern responses that are impervious to replication. In particular, a novel kind of a PUF model, called structural color‐based PUFs, combing the structural color characteristics of angle‐dependent stability and brightness with unclonable property, offers unassailable encryption capabilities and serves as a formidable safeguard against forgery. This review undertakes a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in PUF technology leveraging structural color materials. Moreover, it provides a systematic description of the recognition and authentication technology employed in optical structural color PUFs. Finally, a prospective summary and outlook is proposed to explain existing challenges, and highlight potential developments in anti‐counterfeiting technology incorporating structural color PUF labels.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of BiOBr/Kaolinite Composite
Authors: Tian Yunhui , Li Shilin , Zhang Guangxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoflowers were anchored onto kaolinite nanosheets via a calcination method. Assisted by characterization methods including XRD, SEM, and XPS, the microstructures of photocatalysts were comparatively investigated. The findings revealed a close integration of BiOBr nanoflowers with kaolinite, resulting in a gradual phase transition and augmented surface oxygen. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance was assessed by investigating the degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation. Notably, the experimental results demonstrated that the degradation efficiencies of BiOBr/kaolinite composites were higher than that of pure BiOBr. The ⋅O2− was proven to be the major active radical in the photocatalytic process. This study presents a straightforward approach for fabricating BiOBr‐based photocatalysts, showcasing their enhanced performance in organic dye degradation under visible light.
Investigating Baxdrostat and Its Derivatives as Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors for Resistant Hypertension: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Labiba Atiqa , Al Abbad Sanaa S. , Rahman Shofiur , Alodhayb Abdullah , Poirier Raymond A. , Uddin Kabir M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResistant hypertension, a severe condition affecting about 10 % of people with high blood pressure, significantly increases the risk of heart, brain, and kidney issues. This study investigates the potential of baxdrostat and its derivatives (1–22) as aldosterone synthase inhibitors for resistant hypertension using in silico methods. The study employed various computational methods, including molecular dynamics simulation (MD), molecular docking, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, and global chemical descriptors, to evaluate the interactions between the compounds and the target proteins. The docking results showed that compounds 2, 5, 7, and baxdrostat had binding affinities of −7.8 kcal/mol, −10.9 kcal/mol, −10.6 kcal/mol, and −9.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ligands 2, 5, and baxdrostat formed the most stable protein‐ligand complexes with aldosterone synthase. The complex of the 4FDH‐baxdrostat remained highly stable across all tested temperatures (300 K, 305 K, 310 K, and 320 K), consistently displaying low RMSD values, with the minimum observed at 305 K. Baxdrostat emerges as the most promising candidate among the compounds examined, showcasing notable potential when considering a combination of in vitro, in vivo, and now in silico data. While baxdrostat remains the primary candidate based on comprehensive in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies, further analysis using FMO theory suggests that ligands 2 and 5 have promising potential due to their smaller Egap. To validate these findings, further clinical investigations are warranted.
Sonochemical‐Promoted Multicomponent Synthesis of a New Amidoalkyl Naphthol Derivative Catalyzed by [(Msim)Cl] Ionic Liquid and Assessment of Its Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Muala Dhumad Adil , Hassan Qusay M. A. , Jassem Ahmed Majeed , Sultan H. A. , Jasim Ibrahim Majeed , Emshary C. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sonochemical‐assisted multicomponent reaction catalyzed by ionic liquid, solvent‐free synthesis, improving chemical structure, computational calculations, and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) assessment of a new amidoalkyl naphthol derivative 4, that is, [N‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)(4‐nitrophenyl)methyl)‐2‐phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (C24H20N4O3S), are introduced. The corrected structure of the synthesized derivative 4 is confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques viz., (1H and 13C) NMR, Infrared radiation (IR), Mass spectra, and UV‐vis. spectra. To obtain geometrical structure and confirm the experimental findings, DFT‐assisted B3LYP/6‐31G* method is used. The NLO properties of the synthesized derivative are studied using two visible laser beams where its nonlinear refraction index (NLRI) at 473 nm cw laser beam is obtained using diffraction patterns (DPs) and the Z‐scan techniques. As high as 5.312×10−11 m2/W of NLRI is obtained. The all‐optical switching (AOS) which is usually carried out utilizing two laser beams, the controlling and controlled, is generalized by the use of three laser beams, controlling, 473 nm beam and two controlled 532 nm and 635 nm beams.
Amplifying Sensing Capabilities: Combining Plasmonic Resonances and Fresnel Reflections through Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Etxebarria‐Elezgarai Jaione , Bergamini Luca , Lopez Eneko , Morant‐Miñana Maria Carmen , Adam Jost , Zabala Nerea , Aizpurua Javier , Seifert Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMultivariate analysis applied in biosensing greatly improves analytical performance by extracting relevant information or bypassing confounding factors such as nonlinear responses or experimental errors and noise. Plasmonic sensors based on various light coupling mechanisms have shown impressive performance in biosensing by detecting dielectric changes with high sensitivity. In this study, gold nanodiscs are used as metasurface in a Kretschmann setup, and a variety of features from the reflectance curve are used by machine learning to improve sensing performance. The nanostructures of the metasurface generate new plasmonic features, apart from the typical resonance that occurs in the classical Kretschmann mode of a gold thin film, related to the evanescent field beyond total internal reflection. When the engineered metasurface is integrated into a microfluidic chamber, the device provides additional spectral features generated by Fresnel reflections at all dielectric interfaces. The increased number of features results in greatly improved detection. Here, multivariate analysis enhances analytical sensitivity and sensor resolution by 200% and more than 20%, respectively, and reduces prediction errors by almost 40% compared to a standard plasmonic sensor. The combination of plasmonic metasurfaces and Fresnel reflections thus offers the possibility of improving sensing capabilities even in commonly available setups.
Whipsawed by Woori and Washington: South Korea's growing challenges in handling Middle Eastern affairs
Authors: Azad Shirzad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe history of the past two decades has proved that top Korean leaders can make a real difference in terms of their previous experiences and personal engagement in securing the Republic of Korea's (ROK) vested interests in the Middle East. For decades, South Korea had handed over its day‐to‐day interactions with Middle Eastern countries to the Korean bureaucracy led by the relevant departments and subaltern officials at the foreign ministry and other state institutions. This approach, however, seems rather dysfunctional today, requiring key Korean officials, especially the president, to get involved personally in the ROK's increasingly multifaceted relationships with Middle Eastern nations. This article reappraises the new Korean orientation by highlighting some of the major developments involving both sides during the past several years. The main argument is that the ROK is facing increasingly serious difficulties in sorting out its policy behaviors toward Middle Eastern countries as Korea is striving to strike a delicate balance between its own expanding commercial interests in the region and what the United States expects from South Korea with regard to the topsy‐turvy world of politics in the Middle East.
Efficacy of remote sensing technologies for burrow count estimates of a rare kangaroo rat
Authors: Stuhler John D. , Portillo‐Quintero Carlos , Goetze Jim R. , Stevens Richard D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEffective management of rare species requires an understanding of spatial variation in abundance, which is challenging to estimate. We tested the efficacy of high‐resolution imagery to detect burrows of the Texas kangaroo rat (TKR; Dipodomys elator) as a means of estimating abundance across its geographic range. Specifically, we estimated burrow counts using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) to collect data from very high‐resolution Red–Green–Blue (RGB) imagery and estimate digital elevation (2.5‐mm pixel resolution) over active and inactive burrows located on mesquite mounds and anthropogenic features (roadsides, fences, etc.). In 2018, we identified 26 burrow locations on a private ranch in Wichita County, Texas, USA, and characterized burrows based on topography and vegetation density. We found that TKR burrows can only be identified with data of <5 cm pixel resolution, thus eliminating the possibility of using high‐resolution imagery data currently available for Texas. Alternatively, we propose that the use of National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery at 0.5‐ and 0.6‐m pixel resolution, in combination with resampled digital elevation data, can provide an effective means for identifying potential TKR burrow locations at the county level. We present 3 different approaches at the county and local scale that combine topographic and vegetation fractional cover information using a weighted overlay approach. The modeling approaches have strong predictive capabilities and can be integrated with UAS data for visual confirmation of active and inactive burrows. We concluded that very high‐resolution imagery and topographic information at pixel resolutions <5 cm collected by airborne systems can effectively help locate active TKR burrows. However, to remain cost effective, upscaling to the county level will require reducing the sampling area to the most suitable habitat. Modeling approaches, such as those proposed in this study, can help effectively locate these sampling areas.
Uncertainty Regulation in High-Risk Organizations: Harnessing the Benefits of Flexible Rules
Authors: Grote Gudela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere is increasing awareness that uncertainty cannot be “managed away” to ensure safety. However, how uncertainties can be handled more effectively is still a debated question. In this chapter, I offer a new approach to uncertainty regulation in organizations, which includes opening and closing behaviors aimed at reducing and increasing uncertainty respectively in an attempt to align stability and flexibility requirements for effective and safe performance. I then apply this approach to decisions on rules and operating standards as one of the most fundamental tasks of risk and safety management. By proposing the use of flexible rules and participatory processes for writing, implementing, and monitoring rules, I aim to answer two fundamental questions that have plagued effective rule management: How can rules successfully guide behavior even if substantial amounts of uncertainty about the right course of action in any given situation remain? How can rules instigate autonomous motivation for rule compliance? I close by suggesting steps that organizations can take to explore and implement the proposed new approach to uncertainty.
Non-local computation and the black hole interior
Authors: May Alex , Xu Michelle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In a two sided black hole, systems falling in from opposite asymptotic regions can meet inside the black hole and interact. This is the case even while the two CFTs describing each asymptotic region are non-interacting. Here, we relate these behind the horizon interactions to non-local quantum computations. This gives a quantum circuit perspective on these interactions, which applies whenever the interaction occurs in the past of a certain extremal surface that sits inside the black hole and in arbitrary dimension. Whenever our perspective applies, we obtain a boundary signature for these interior collisions which is stated in terms of the mutual information. We further revisit the connection discussed earlier between bulk interactions in one sided AdS geometries and non-local computation, and recycle some of our techniques to offer a new perspective on making that connection precise.