bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors and treatment outcome in childhood hodgkin disease
Authors: Oguz Aynur , Karadeniz Ceyda , Okur F. Visal , Cıtak E. Caglar , Pınarlı F. Guçlu , Bora Huseyin , Akyurek Nalan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe goals of this study included: (1) Identification of factors prognostic for event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), and (2) Definition of risk groups for risk adapted therapy in children with Hodgkin disease (HD).ProcedureFrom 1991 to 2003, 69 children with newly diagnosed, untreated biopsy‐proven stage I–IV HD were treated with chemotherapy (CT) and low‐dose involved field radiotherapy (LD‐IFRT). The relationship of pretreatment factors to EFS and OS was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe 5‐year EFS and OS for all patients were 90.77% and 96.22%, respectively with a median follow‐up of 73 months (3–137 months). Male to female ratio was 3:1 and 21 children (32.3%) were less than 7 years of age. Mixed cellularity was the predominant histologic subtype (38.5%). Factors associated with inferior EFS by univariate analysis were extranodal disease, hemoglobin level <11 g/dl, number of involved lymph node regions and stage. By multivariate analysis only stage IV disease was significant.ConclusionOur study confirms that excellent results are achievable with combined modality therapy in childhood HD. In order to use risk‐adapted therapy in children with HD, clinical prognostic factors should be validated with large, multicentered prospective clinical studies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pelger–Huët anomaly in a child with 1q42.3‐44 deletion
Authors: Kalfa Theodosia A. , Zimmerman Sherri A. , Goodman Barbara K. , McDonald Marie T. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCongenital Pelger–Huët anomaly (PHA) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypolobulated neutrophils with coarse clumping of the nuclear chromatin. PHA has been recently linked to the gene encoding the lamin B receptor, located at chromosome 1q41‐43. The authors report a case of PHA in a child with interstitial deletion of the 1q subtelomeric region (1q42.3‐44), providing supportive evidence to this linkage. All neutrophils in the peripheral blood smear had the characteristic unsegmented or bilobed appearance. Additional features in this child included failure to thrive, developmental delay, cleft palate, seizure disorder, and dysmorphic facial features. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermomechanical behaviour of poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(methyl acrylate)] fibres oxidatively treated at temperatures up to 180 °C
Authors: Soulis Spyridon , Simitzis Johannis 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPAN fibres, consisting of poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(methyl acrylate)], were oxidatively heat treated at low temperatures (up to 180 °C), during which the basic macromolecular backbone was not cyclized. The change of length of the fibres was determined under various treatment conditions (ie temperature, time, stress applied). Prolonged heat treatment resulted in lower tensile strength of the fibres. The pristine and treated fibres were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), NMR and UV‐visible spectroscopy and by TGA, and the results were used for representing the different regions according to chemical aspects in a plot of temperature versus time; this is very important for the whole treatment process. A shrinkage model was proposed, having both scientific and technical importance. The change in activation volume of shrinkage of fibres with temperature, calculated from this model, is indicative of the physical transitions taking place at the molecular scale. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic identification of differentially‐expressed genes in human gastric carcinomas
Authors: Nishigaki Ryuichi , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Hiratsuka Masaharu , Toda Tosifusa , Murakami Kaori , Jeang Kuan‐Teh , Ito Hisao , Inoue Toshiaki , Oshimura Mitsuo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAlthough genetic alterations in proto‐oncogenes, tumor‐suppressor genes, cell cycle regulators, and cell growth factors have been implicated in the process of human gastric carcinogenesis, the principle carcinogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to search for genes that may be involved in gastric carcinogenesis and that might serve as diagnostic markers. We identified nine proteins with increased expression and 13 proteins with decreased expression in gastric carcinomas. The two most notable groups included proteins involved in mitotic checkpoint (MAD1L1 and EB1) and mitochondrial functions (CLPP, COX5A, and ECH1). This suggested that there are links between dysfunctions in these processes and gastric carcinogenesis. We also observed the differential expression of HSP27 and CYR61 proteins in gastric carcinoma, whose expression is known to be altered in other types of tumors. Furthermore, the study identified proteins whose function in gastric carcinomas was previously unsuspected and that may serve as new molecular markers for gastric carcinomas. Importantly, immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the levels of expression of MAD1L1, HSP27, and CYR61 were altered in gastric carcinoma tissues. Therefore, our study suggested not only that the proteins identified in this study can be useful diagnostic markers but also that a proteomics‐based approach is useful for developing a more complete picture of the pathogenesis and function of gastric carcinomas.
Spatial variability in14C‐herbicide degradation in surface and subsurface soils
Authors: Charnay Marie‐Paule , Tuis Sébastien , Coquet Yves , Barriuso Enrique 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe spatial variability in mineralization of atrazine, isoproturon and metamitron in soil and subsoil samples taken from a 135‐ha catchment in north France was studied. Fifty‐one samples from the top layer were taken to represent exhaustively the 31 agricultural fields and 21 soil types of the catchment. Sixteen additional samples were collected between depths of 0.7 and 10 m to represent the major geological materials encountered in the vadose zone of the catchment. All these samples were incubated with14C‐labelled atrazine under laboratory conditions at 28 °C. Fourteen selected surface samples which exhibited distinctly different behaviour for atrazine dissipation (including sorption and mineralization) were incubated with14C‐isoproturon and14C‐metamitron. Overall soil microbial activity and specific herbicide degradation activities were monitored during the incubations through measurements of total carbon dioxide and14C‐carbon dioxide respectively. At the end of the incubations, extractable and non‐extractable (bound) residues remaining in soils were measured. Variability of herbicide dissipation half‐life in soil surface samples was lower for atrazine and metamitron (CV < 12%) than for isoproturon (CV = 46%). The main contributor to the isoproturon dissipation variability was the variability of the extractable residues. For the other herbicides, spatial variability was mainly related to the variability of their mineralization. In all cases, herbicide mineralization half‐lives showed higher variability than those of dissipation. Sorption or physicochemical soil properties could not explain atrazine and isoproturon degradation, whose main factors were probably directly related to the dynamics of the specific microbial degradation activity. In contrast, variability of metamitron degradation was significantly correlated to sorption coefficient (Kd) through correlation with the sorptive soil components, organic matter and clay. Herbicide degradation decreased with depth as did the overall microbial activity. Atrazine mineralization activity was found down to a depth of 2.5 m; beyond that, it was negligible. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation of simazine by microorganisms isolated from soils of Spanish olive fields
Authors: Santiago‐Mora Raquel , Martin‐Laurent Fabrice , de Prado Rafael , Franco Antonio R 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe capability of the microbial flora isolated from an olive field soil from Andalusia to mineralize simazine has been analyzed. From this soil, a group of bacteria capable of degrading 60 mg simazine litre−1 in less than a week has been isolated. These microorganisms showed a low capacity for degrading this herbicide to carbon dioxide. When total DNA was isolated from this group of bacteria, we were able to detect by PCR the presence of only the atzC and the trzN genes. Some components of this bacterial population have been identified by sequencing of specific fragments from bacterial 16S rDNA, including Variovorax sp, Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana Thierry et al, Acidovorax sp and Methylopila capsulata Doronina et al. These data suggest that this consortium of bacteria performs an incomplete degradation of the simazine Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperature behavior of piezoelectric gadolinium calcium oxoborate GdCa4O(BO3)3 crystal
Authors: Markiewicz E. , Pawlaczyk C. , Kłos A. , Hofman W. , Pajączkowska A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTemperature characteristics of the piezoelectric resonance frequencies of gadolinium calcium oxoborate (GdCOB) were studied for the following crystal cuts and vibration modes: (XYt)ϕ (ϕ = 0°, 22.5°, 67.5°) bars vibrating in longitudinal mode, (XYt)45° bar vibrating in face‐shear mode and (ZXt)0° bar vibrating in longitudinal mode and the temperature/frequency coefficients were estimated. GdCOB crystal of the orientation (XYt)45° exhibited properties most suitable for the application in temperature measuring devices in a wide temperature range (70–450 K). GdCOB crystal of the orientation (ZXt)0° exhibited zero temperature/frequency coefficient with the turning point set in the temperature range 180–210 K depending on the width‐to‐length ratio of the bar. It was found that the temperature behavior of the crystal is very similar to that of the other well known piezoelectric crystals. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polariton squeezing in microcavities
Authors: Quattropani Antonio , Schwendimann Paolo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSqueezed states may be found in solids when considering solid state excitations like polaritons, which are mixed states of radiation and excitons or phonons. Squeezing may be observed through the polariton radiation field component, whose statistics reproduces the statistics of the polaritons. The squeezing of polaritons in different semiconductor systems and excitations regimes is discussed. For a sufficiently low density of excitation, an intrinsic but very small squeezing is found for bulk as well as for quantum well and microcavity polaritons. When the density of excitation becomes larger, a large amount of squeezing of microcavity polaritons induced by polariton–polariton scattering is demonstrated both in theory and in experiment. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chance Correlation in Variable Subset Regression: Influence of the Objective Function, the Selection Mechanism, and Ensemble Averaging
Authors: Baumann Knut 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCross‐validation is often used to guide variable selection algorithms. While cross‐validation almost unbiasedly estimates the prediction error when no model selection (such as variable selection) is involved, it is heavily biased when a large amount of model selection is applied (i.e. sifting through thousands of models). In the latter case, the internal figures of merit such asR$ {_{{ CV}}^{2}}$orRMSEPCVcan be deceptively overoptimistic. The extent of this inflation (overoptimism) and the influence factors for the degree of inflation are studied here. It turns out, that the extent of inflation is extremely large for small data sets. The main influence factors for the degree of inflation are data set size, the size of the variable pool, the allowed object variable ratio, the objective function for guiding an stepwise selection technique, and the correlation structure of the data matrix. Moreover, changing the selection mechanism from the commonly applied stepwise procedures to the more stable shrinking and selection technique LASSO eliminates the inflation largely. No inflation is observed when ensemble averaging is used to estimate the prediction error. The latter property combined with the potential of ensemble averaging to improve the predictivity and the possibility to use the information of the single models of the ensemble for validation tasks, renders ensemble averaging an attractive tool if prediction is the primary goal of the analysis.
Pseudo cluster randomization: a treatment allocation method to minimize contamination and selection bias
Authors: Borm George F. , Melis René J. F. , Teerenstra Steven , Peer Petronella G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn some clinical trials, treatment allocation on a patient level is not feasible, and whole groups or clusters of patients are allocated to the same treatment. If, for example, a clinical trial is investigating the efficacy of various patient coaching methods and randomization is done on a patient level, then patients who are receiving different methods may come into contact with each other and influence each other. This would create contamination of the treatment effects. Such bias might be prevented by randomization on the coaches level. The patients of a coach constitute a cluster and all the subjects in that cluster receive the same treatment. Disadvantages of this approach may be reduced statistical efficiency and recruitment bias, as the treatment that a subject will receive is known in advance. Pseudo cluster randomization avoids this, because in pseudo cluster randomization, not everybody in a certain cluster receives the same treatment, just the majority. There are two groups of clusters: in one group the majority of subjects receive treatment A, while a limited number receive treatment B. In the other group of clusters the proportions are reversed. The statistical properties of this method are described. When contamination is present, the method appears to be more efficient than randomization on a patient level or on a cluster level. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and morphological supertree of stony corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) using matrix representation parsimony
Authors: Kerr Alexander M. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThe supertree algorithm matrix representation with parsimony was used to combine existing hypotheses of coral relationships and provide the most comprehensive species‐level estimate of scleractinian phylogeny, comprised of 353 species (27% of extant species), 141 genera (63%) and 23 families (92%) from all seven suborders. The resulting supertree offers a guide for future studies in coral systematics by highlighting regions of concordance and conflict in existing source phylogenies. It should also prove useful in formal comparative studies of character evolution. Phylogenetic effort within Scleractinia has been taxonomically uneven, with a third of studies focussing on the Acroporidae or its most diverse genera. Sampling has also been geographically non‐uniform, as tropical, reef‐forming taxa have been considered twice as often as non‐reef species. The supertree indicated that source trees concur on numerous aspects of coral relationships, such as the division between robust versus complex corals and the distant relationship between families in Archaeocoeniina. The supertree also supported the existence of a large, taxonomically diverse and monophyletic group of corals with many Atlantic representatives having exsert corallites. Another large, unanticipated clade consisted entirely of solitary deep‐water species from three families. Important areas of ambiguity include the relationship of Astrocoeniidae to Pocilloporidae and the relative positions of several, mostly deep‐water genera of Caryophylliidae. Conservative grafting of species at the base of congeneric groups with uncontroversial monophyletic status resulted in a more comprehensive, though less resolved tree of 1016 taxa.
The role of eyespots as anti‐predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera
Authors: Stevens Martin 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTEyespots are found in a variety of animals, in particular lepidopterans. The role of eyespots as antipredator mechanisms has been discussed since the 19th Century, with two main hypotheses invoked to explain their occurrence. The first is that large, centrally located eyespots intimidate predators by resembling the eyes of the predators’ own enemies; the second, though not necessarily conflicting, hypothesis is that small, peripherally located eyespots function as markers to deflect the attacks of predators to non‐vital regions of the body. A third possibility is also proposed; that eyespots intimidate predators merely because they are novel or rarely encountered salient features. These hypotheses are reviewed, with special reference given to avian predators, since these are likely to be the principal visually hunting predators of the lepidopterans considered. Also highlighted is the necessity to consider the potential influence of sexual selection on lepidopteran wing patterns, and the genetics and development of eyespot formation.
THE DETERMINANTS OF FIRM PERFORMANCE: UNIONS, WORKS COUNCILS, AND EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT/HIGH‐PERFORMANCE WORK PRACTICES
Authors: Addison John T. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDrawing on evidence from the United States and Germany, this paper offers a survey of the effects of worker representation (in unions and works councils) and innovative work practices on firm performance. The focus is on the growing links between these two historically separate literatures. The interaction between worker representation and high‐performance work practices provides a practical means of peering inside the black box of collective voice, even if there is as yet no well‐determined hierarchy for productivity performance and certainly no blueprint for the future of unions.
HIGH‐INVOLVEMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, TRADE UNION REPRESENTATION AND WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE IN BRITAIN
Authors: Bryson Alex , Forth John , Kirby Simon 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDebates about Britain's productivity performance have often drawn attention to the roles played by working practices and employment relations. In the 1980s and 1990s, trade unions were a prime focus; more recently, attention has turned to high‐involvement management (HIM) practices (also referred to as ‘high‐performance work systems’). We combine the two to investigate the relationships between work organisation, trade union representation and workplace performance. We find that HIM has a positive impact on labour productivity. However, this effect is restricted to unionised workplaces, and seems more readily explained by concessionary wage bargaining than ‘mutual gains’, given the absence of any association with financial performance. These findings raise questions about the universal applicability of HIM as a route to improved workplace performance.
SACRED GROVES FOR FOREST CONSERVATION IN GHANA'S COASTAL SAVANNAS: ASSESSING ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
Authors: Campbell Michael O'Neal 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTDespite recent interest in sacred (fetish) groves as remnant forests, few studies have investigated their sustainability and conservation role in West Africa. This article employs a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis of time series images (1960‐98), comprehensive social surveys and ecological field methods to evaluate four sacred groves and eight unprotected tree stands in the coastal savanna of Ghana and compare these with vegetation in the distant forested hinterland. There were strong similarities and substantial differences in tree species between different sacred groves, and between these and the unprotected stands and proximate deciduous forests. In addition, far fewer tree losses were documented in the sacred groves than in the local unprotected stands. Although these sacred groves were on average only partially representative of deciduous forest vegetation, their stronger sustainability compared with unprotected tree stands may be important to consider in detail for conservation.
GEOPOLITICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: UNPACKING AUSTRALIA'S BURMA1
Authors: McGregor Andrew 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper adopts ideas from critical geopolitics to explore how Western human rights discourses have been enabled and used to construct Myanmar by Australian governments and nongovernmental aid organisations. Three distinct human rights scripts are observed that position donors as either punishers, saviours or partners. It is argued that the scripts are enabled by factors external to the actual abuses themselves, including the traditional scripting of Burma within Australian geopolitical memories; the feminine Burmese identity and the networks embodied by the opposition leader, Daw Suu Kyi; and Australia's shifting geopolitical interests in the Southeast Asia region. The case study is used to argue for a broader geography of human rights that recognises their spatiality. Such geographies can improve and broaden human rights politics and debates beyond state‐based campaigning, ensuring that campaigns are in the interests of the most marginalised, rather than the most vocal.
Recruitment potential from asexual and sexual reproduction in Polymeria longifolia
Authors: JOHNSON S B , SINDEL B M 
Published: July 2005

SummarySexual and asexual reproduction in the perennial Australian weed Polymeria longifolia (polymeria take‐all), was assessed using glasshouse and field studies. These studies aimed at elucidating the contribution that each reproductive mechanism makes to the success of the species as a weed in cotton in Australia. Asexual reproduction, including vegetative fragment movement because of cultivation and regeneration from in situ rhizome material, was the predominant means of dispersal and recruitment of the species. Sexual reproduction had a relatively minor but significant role in the reproductive biology of P. longifolia. Seedling establishment was <5% from buried seed in both the glasshouse and field. In the field, seedlings comprised <1% of the total number of new shoots recruited at the start of two consecutive seasons, with <3% of these reaching reproductive maturity. Vegetative fragments were more likely to survive and lead to subsequent shoot production when they were large and intact. Intensive cultivation, where plants of P. longifolia are cut into small fragments, may reduce the survival of fragments moved by cultivation and reduce recruitment from existing populations. Long‐term management strategies should focus on reducing the large vegetative flushes of this weed, as well as controlling the small number of seedlings recruited.
The potential distribution of Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) in relation to climate
Authors: KRITICOS D J , YONOW T , McFADYEN R E 
Published: July 2005

SummaryA climate model of the estimated potential distribution of Chromolaena odorata has been revised. The new model fits the known distribution better, eliminates several internal inconsistencies, and employs more biologically appropriate cold‐stress mechanisms. The revised model reduces the estimated potential distribution of C. odorata, particularly in terms of the poleward and inland extents of suitable climates. Mediterranean, semi‐arid and temperate climates are now predicted to be unsuitable. However, the revised model supports the previous conclusions that much of tropical Africa, the north‐eastern coast of Australia and most Pacific islands are at risk of invasion. The distribution of C. odorata in South Africa extends further south than predicted by the model based on Asian and American distribution records. This anomaly supports the contention that the South African variety of C. odorata has different climatic requirements to the varieties commonly found elsewhere.