bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D. H. Lawrence: Women in Love, Men in Madness
Authors: Trotter David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the two major works in which Lawrence exercised his new metaphysic, The Rainbow (19I5) and Women in Love (1920), it is the latter which could be said to engage most fully with the abstractive Modernisms I have been investigating in this book. Women in LotJe is crammed with self-consciously Modernist artefacts and aspirations. Gerald Crich is strnck by the pictures ‘in the Futurist manner’ in Halliday’s London flat, Rupert Birkin by the reproductions from Picasso Will Brangwen has hanging in his house in Beldover. The Picassos are the idea of his daughter Gudrun, who has lived the bohemian life in Chelsea, and whose ultra-Modernist ambition is to live and study in Rome, Munich, Vienna, St Petersburg, or Moscow. The guests at Breadalby have in a sense already gone to Moscow, as they demonstrate when they attempt a ‘little ballet’ in the style of Pavlova and Nijinsky.
The Rule of Medieval Imagination
Authors: Simpson James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Certain historical periods champion one function of the psyche over others: the eighteenth century’s own estimation of itself as an Age of Reason, for example, gave way to the Romantic elevation of imagination as the supreme faculty of the soul. These psychological promotions are almost always described by theorists of the psyche in political metaphors, whereby one psychological power properly dominates and organizes others. Such new orders within the psyche have many effects, but in the present chapter I investigate this phenomenon: that changes in the political order of the psyche also provoke redrawings of the historical map, since past ages are praised or demonized under the terms of the new psycho logical order.
Writing and the ‘Poetics of Spectacle’: Political Epiphanies in The Arrivall of Edward IV and Some Contemporary Lancastrian and Yorkist Texts
Authors: Scase Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Possibilities for understanding the ‘poetics of spectacle’ in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries have been considerably widened by the publication of Gordon Kipling’s study of medieval civic triumphs, Enter the King. Semi-dramatic civic receptions of medieval kings and queens have generally been considered as little more than resourceful assemblages of pageantry, symbols, and images. Kipling’s researches invite us to recognize the medieval royal entry as every bit as unified aesthetically as the court spectacles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Far from being ad hoc assemblages of materials from other dramatic modes, royal entries were shows choreographed always according to a single organizing idea: their purpose was to inaugurate the reign of the king by enacting ritually the recognition of the monarch as the Lord’s anointed.
Ezra Pound: Anti-Semitism, Segregationism, and the ‘Arsenal of Live houghf
Authors: Houen Alex 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
is greasy and acid.... it entangles the clean, it entangles them be cause of their inconsequential]ity, their incapacity to see the connection between one thing and another.’1 Ezra Pound, broadcasting for the Italian Fascists on Radio Roma in 1943 to Britain and the USA, is waging war against a ‘new II ITERNATIONAL empire’, the cause of cultural disintegration in general. The culprit, he says, is Jew usury’. World War II, in truth, has its origins in 1696 with the founding of the Bank of England, ‘v. Rheon the virus of death, the invisible silent virus, more deadly than syphilis, was shot into the English people. Bank of England, making’ money from the VACUUM.’’.2 The real danger of this foe is its capacity to become an entire system of exchange: ‘The ENEMY is Das Leihkapital.’3 Production of interest accruing from borrowed capital, and the proliferation of Jewishness are posited, by Pound, as being two sides of the same coin. This alien event threatens facticity itself. ‘It’ no longer even depends on material existence; instead, it reproduces itself spectrally, transmogrifying values, constantly extending its limits, paying obeisance to no national borders.
Walter Abish: Plotting Everyday Terror
Authors: Houen Alex 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his introduction to the 1984 edition of Valtrex Amish’s collection of short stories, In the Future Perfect (first published in 1975), Malcolm Bradbury dearest the author to be ‘quite the most important w1iter to have emerged in the United States over the past ten years, and the one whose serious inquiry is most surely still continuing.’! V linner of the 1981 PEN/Faulkner award for How Guzman 1’i It (1980), his novel on terrorism and the lingering effects of Nazism in Germany, Abash has indeed been repeatedly cast by critics as one of the foremost ex opponents of contemporary, American, postmodernist fiction. For Bradbury, however, the affinity between Amish’s prose and the post modern is ‘misleading’, although he does assert that they ‘share’ one ‘tendency’: ‘a refusal to name what we call reality as real, a sense that the language which authenticates this or that as history, geography or biography is a language of human invention’ (JT}P, x). Given that Abash wrote How Gambian less It without ever having visited Germany, Bradbury’s comment seems apposite. And certainly there is an ongoing fascination in Amish’s fiction with what the writer has termed ‘de familiarization’-which is no doubt partly attributable to his having lived in a number of countries from a young age.
The Years Of Peace
Authors: Davies J D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite their importance, the two Anglo-Dutch wars occupied less than five of the twenty-eight years during which Charles II and James II ruled England. Eor the country and the navy, peace at home was the normal state of affairs for most of the period, and as the largest spending department of the state, the navy in peacetime was an obvious target for those who sought to retrench government expenditure.
Gladstone 1809-1898
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gladstone 1875-1898 is the culmination of Colin Matthew's acclaimed study of one of Britain's greatest statesmen. William Ewart Gladstone retired from politics in 1875, but returned for a further twenty years at the forefront of British politics. Gladstone 1809-1874 told the story of Gladstone's first political career; his second is examined in this volume. The book tells the story of Gladstone’s last three premierships and his dramatic political campaigns as he pursued his often controversial aims, particularly his mission to bring Irish Home Rule to Ireland. Political reform, Egypt, Gordon in the Sudan, and the ̒Scramble for Africa̓ are other major themes. The treatment of Gladstone’s political career is balanced by Colin Matthew’s acute discussion of his full and active private life, including his enormous correspondence and prodigiously wide reading. The book ends with a moving account of Gladstone’s death and state funeral, the last great set-piece of Victorian Liberalism. Colin Matthew’s writings on Gladstone are generally acknowledged to have transformed understanding of the ̒Grand Old Man̓ of British politics and his age. Appearing first as Introductions to his definitive edition of The Gladstone Diaries, they have been revised and made available in this volume and its predecessor.
Gladstonian Conservatism: from Oxford to Westminster
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gladstone left Oxford University after dramatically carrying in the Union an amendment stiffening a motion opposing the Reform Bill. In the manner of his time, he then made an extended visit to the Continent, travelling widely in France and Italy. While he was abroad, the Duke of Newcastle, father of his Christ Church acquaintance Lord Lincoln-and at the latter’s instigation, for he was much struck by Gladstone’s anti-Reform speech-approached John Gladstone with the proposal that William should sit for Newark, a town in which the Duke had influence, though not an exclusive influence. It was a good example of that ‘representation of mind, for the political training of youth upwards, of the most capable material of the country’ through the pocket borough system, a system which for that reason Gladstone always defended.
Travel, Family, and Affairs in the 1860s
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a politician Gladstone was well known, even notorious, for hard work. His diary shows, however, that even a life lived at full stretch by the standards of the day left a considerable time for relaxation and activities not directly political—writing, holidaying, and weekending. By the 1860s the weekend had become an established form of relaxation, combining comfort in the great houses of England with the development of political relationships. Gladstone’s weekends were spent almost entirely at Whig houses, particularly with the Sutherland family and their relations the Argylls, at their great houses of Chiswick and Cliveden; during the holidays he also visited Trentham, Dunrobin, and Inveraray.
Retirement, Religious Nationality, and the Eastern Question
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 14 January 1875 William Ewart Gladstone met most of the members of the Liberal Cabinet defeated at the general election in February 1874 and told them of his resignation of the Liberal leadership. His announcement was immediately made public in an exchange of letters with Lord Granville being Liberal leader in the House of Lords and Lord Hartington being Liberal leader in the House of Commons. The party of progress was thus led by a peer in each House. This was an awkward basis for its leadership, and one made more awkward by the fact that Gladstone did not resign his Greenwich seat, though he did sell his London house, 11 Carlton House Terrace, in March 1875.
Gladstone at 70: a Review and a Retrospect
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let me look a little backward, & around. My position [in December 1883] is a strange one. A strong man in me wrestles for retirement: a stronger one stands at the gate of exit, and forbids. Forbids, I hope only for a time. There is a bar to the continuance of my political life fixed as I hope by the life of the present Parliament, and there is good hope that it may not last so long. But for this, I do not know how my poor flesh & blood, or my poor soul and spirit, could face the prolongations of cares & burdens so much beyond my strength at any age, and at this age so cruelly exclusive of the great work of penitential recollection, and lifting of the heart which has lingered so long.
Behind the Scenes
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gladstone rather haphazardly protected himself from the consequences of old age and overstrain and was in his turn rather more systematically protected by the Gladstonian circle, by the 1880s a well-defined body. First, his relaxation. Gladstone read prolifically. Though he kept very well up to date with the questions of the day, as a glance at the diary will show, his reading is, taken as a whole, less policy-orientated in his second and third governments than in his first.
An Energetic Octogenarian
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The seventh decade of Gladstone’s public life was dominated, as had been most of the others, by Ireland. In the age of industrialism, the British had expected that class—whether the middle or the working class—would disrupt the political system. But it was the national question, not the class question, which the British political establishment failed to solve. In 1886, Gladstone had offered a bold answer, an answer which recognized national distinctiveness and at the same time pacified it within the Union. His answer was rejected by the Commons in 1886—a decision on the whole confirmed by the electorate later that year—and by the Lords in 1893. None the less, it was an answer so compelling that it was eventually adopted by the Unionists—too little, too late—in 1920, and it provided the framework within which all subsequent legislative attempts at modification of the constitution of the United Kingdom at the parliamentary level have been made.
Epilogue
Authors: Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is not difficult to see the latter part of Gladstone’s public life as a failure, and his sense of imperfectibility encouraged him to do so also: religion on the wane, the free-trade order of the mid-century giving way to militarism and protectionism which the Concert of Europe was powerless to prevent, Britain bloated by imperial expansions, Home Rule unachieved, the Liberal party divided. And in certain moods Gladstone certainly felt himself to be ‘a dead man, one fundamentally a Peel-Cobden man’ whose time had passed.
German History 1770-1866
Authors: Sheehan James J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now available in paperback, this is a uniquely authoritative study of Germany from the mid-eighteenth century to the formation of the Bismarckian Reich. James J. Sheehan gives an extensive account of social and cultural, as well as political developments, and shows that the creation of a Prussian-led nation-state should not be seen as natural’ or inevitable. He shows how German history in this period was shaped by three separable yet closely linked developments: the rise of sovereign territorial states, the expansion of economic activity and social mobility, and the emergence of a literary culture.
Eighteenth-century Society
Authors: Sheehan James J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN 1765, when Goethe went from Frankfurt to Leipzig to begin studying law, his clothes, speech, and manners marked him as a foreigner; some female companions told him, none too gently, that he looked as if he had ‘dropped down out of another world’. Karl Heinrich Lang had a similar experience when he and his family moved from one Swabian village to another in the 1770s; although their journey lasted no more than four hours, the Langs found themselves in an ‘island of different customs, dialects, and manners’. The same sort of thing struck Georg Forster when he travelled through the Rhineland in 1791. Even in neighbouring towns such as Boppard and Andernach, Forster discovered that people spoke and behaved quite differently. Nowhere else,-wrote Freiherr von Knigge, is it harder to know how to act than in Germany, since ‘nowhere else can one find such a great multiplicity of conversational tones, educational methods, opinions on religion and other matters, and such a great diversity of conditions which claim the attention of various social groups in the different provinces’.
Language
Authors: Posner Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To write of the legacy of Rome and of its language, Latin, bequeathed to the modern languages of Europe, appears both excessively parochial and yet wildly ambitious. Some European languages are spoken more outside Europe than within—English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French—while inside Europe there are languages that have fallen more within the sphere of influence of Greek than of Latin. It is in western Europe, and in the lands colonized therefrom, that the Latin language has left the greatest legacy and it is on these areas that I shall concentrate.
Gustav Stresemann
Authors: Wright Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gustav Stresemann was the exceptional political figure of his time. His early death in 1929 has long been viewed as the beginning of the end for the Weimar Republic and the opening through which Hitler was able to come to power. His career was marked by many contradictions but also a pervading loyalty to the values of liberalism and nationalism. This enabled him in time both to adjust to defeat and revolution and to recognize in the Republic the only basis on which Germans could unite, and in European cooperation the only way to avoid a new war. His attempt to build a stable Germany as an equal power in a stable Europe throws an important light on German history in a critical time. Hitler was the beneficiary of his failure but, so long as he was alive, Stresemann offered Germans a clear alternative to the Nazis. Jonathan Wright's fascinating new study is the first modern biography of Stresemann to appear in English or German.
Introduction
Authors: Sheehan James J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
JULES MICHELET began his lectures on British history by reminding his audience that ‘l’Angleterre est uneile’. We can begin this book on German history from 1770 to 1866 by stating the equally obvious and no less significant fact that ‘Germany’ did not exist. In the second half of the eighteenth century, as in the second half of the twentieth, there is no clear and readily acceptable answer to the question of Germany’s political, social, and cultural identity. To suppose otherwise is to miss the essential character of the German past and the German present: its diversity and discontinuity, richness and fragmentation, fecundity and fluidity. Our history, therefore, cannot be the single story of a fixed entity, a state or a clearly designated landscape. We must instead try to follow the many different histories that coexisted within German-speaking central Europe, histories that led Germans towards and away from one another, at once encouraging them to act together and making such common action virtually impossible. The problem of German identity begins with the land itself. Nowhere on the Continent is there greater variety than in German¬ speaking central Europe, which stretches from the sandy soil and pine forests of the northern coast to the hidden valleys and snow¬ capped peaks of the southern mountains, from the sheer gorges cut by the river through the Rhine massif to the seemingly endless flatlands of the east.
Eighteenth-century Society
Authors: Sheehan James J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
N 1765, when Goethe went from Frankfurt to Leipzig to begin studying law, his clothes, speech, and manners marked him as a foreigner; some female companions told him, none too gently, that he looked as if he had ‘dropped down out of another world’. Karl Heinrich Lang had a similar experience when he and his family moved from one Swabian village to another in the 1770s; although their journey lasted no more than four hours, the Langs found themselves in an ‘island of different customs, dialects, and manners’. The same sort of thing struck Georg Forster when he travelled through the Rhineland in 1791. Even in neighbouring towns such as Boppard and Andernach, Forster discovered that people spoke and behaved quite differently. Nowhere else,-wrote Freiherr von Knigge, is it harder to know how to act than in Germany, since ‘nowhere else can one find such a great multiplicity of conversational tones, educational methods, opinions on religion and other matters, and such a great diversity of conditions which claim the attention of various social groups in the different provinces’. This fragmentation of social experience reflected and was reinforced by the backwardness of the communications system throughout central Europe. Goethe’s trip from Frankfurt to Leipzig, for instance, was filled with delays and discomforts; even so, he was more fortunate than Casanova, who once had to spend three long days trying to traverse eighteen short leagues. Under the best of circumstances, it took nine days to go from Berlin to Frankfurt, two from Augsburg to Munich.
Growth and Stagnation in German Society
Authors: Sheehan James J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
FRIEDRICH ENGELS (1820-95) was born and reared in Barmen, a fast-growing industrial city on the Wupper River, a few miles east of Dilsseldorf. The Engels family had lived in the region since the sixteenth century, first as farmers, then as successful textile manufacturers. Like many of their neighbours, they were pious Calvinists, who combined commercial acuity with intense religiosity. But the Engels were also part of an economic network that extended far beyond the Wuppertal; their search for raw materials, markets, and capital led them to the Low Countries, Britain, and overseas. In 1837 Engels’s father opened a spinning mill in Manchester, the epicentre of the new industrial order. Here young Friedrich, after several false starts on a career closer to home, took a position in 1842. His observations of Manchester and its labour force were the basis for an influential book, The Condition of the Working Class in England, first published in 1845, and for his own life-long commitment to improving the conditions of working people. Viewed from the perspective of industrial Britain, Engels found German social and economic life depressingly backward. In an essay on the ‘German status quo’, which he wrote in the spring of 1847, he lamented the fact that in all the German states ‘the countryside dominates the towns, agriculture dominates trade and industry’. Every indicator that we have confirms Engels’s percep¬ tion of German backwardness.
Ireland In The Age Of Imperialism And Revolution 1760-1801
Authors: Mcdowell R B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The eighteenth century, so far as western Europe was concerned, possessed a distinctive flavour, preserved for posterity in its architecture and in its prose. It was a self-assured era, balanced, energetic and elegant, precise and restrained, confident that its standards of reference were soundly selected and consciously civilized. These qualities strike an observer with such force and clarity that for a moment other aspects of the age may be obscured. Outward assurance could mask uncertainties and doubts; and beneath the polished surface of a well-mannered and ordered life there was discontent and ugly violence. An Irish magazine could in the same issue print neatly turned verses about nymphs and swains and grim reports of assaults and affrays. During the last decade of the century revolution starkly revealed many of the tensions in European society and brought home to the established world how frail were the foundations on which its civilization rested.
The French revolution and Ireland
Authors: Mcdowell R B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of May 1789 a few weeks before the Irish parliamentary session, which began with the regency crisis, closed, the States General met at Versailles. During the parliamentary recess the ancient regime in France collapsed and the National assembly set to work to manufacture a constitution and institutions adapted to a modern, liberal community. The French revolution was not only momentous in its immediate effects and implications, it was also highly spectacular. The stage was a great country, lying at the centre of European civilization: the participants spoke and acted as men and women conscious they were making history before the eyes of their contemporaries. Publicists and journalists strove hard to convey to the public what they thought was happening in France.
The radical revival
Authors: Mcdowell R B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The French revolution had a most invigorating effect on British and Irish radicalism. It may not have added significantly to the radicals’ stock of ideas. Advanced liberals in both Great Britain and Ireland were already committed to constitutional changes which were bound to change the whole social tone of the community, and they accepted that a progressing society must be ready to undertake a drastic reorganization of many of its institutions on rational lines. But events in France inspired the advocates of change in all parts of the British Isles with verve, with a sense of being participants in a great European drive against tyranny and anachronistic privilege and the assurance that their cause would soon triumph. From the beginning of the nineties, Irish radicals, convinced that in the near future they would be in a position to intervene decisively in Irish politics, were active in proclaiming their principles, systematizing their ideas and disseminating their opinions.