bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMBIVALENT AGEISM IN THE WORKPLACE AND ITS IMPACT: EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS OF OLDER WORKERS
Authors: Lagacé Martine , Tasyurek Ezgi , Rodrigue-Rouleau Philippe , Bergeron Caroline , Levasseur Melanie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Several countries are currently facing significant labour shortages in different work sectors. One of the solutions being considered to deal with such shortages is the retention of older workers. However, to do so, ageist attitudes and discrimination in the workplace must be countered as well as their negative impacts on older workers’ well-being. While previous studies have focused on assessing the impact of hostile ageism in the workplace, less research has been conducted on ambivalent ageism (i.e., stereotypes of fragility and incompetence) in the workplace. This study examines if and to what extent older workers perceive to be the target of ambivalent ageism and how such perceptions impact their well-being, in terms of psychological disengagement, self-esteem, perceived employability as well as intentions to leave their organization. An online, bilingual (French / English) questionnaire was completed by 951 Canadian older workers aged 50 years or more. Preliminary data analysis suggests that ambivalent ageism is negatively associated with perceived employability and self-esteem and positively associated with psychological disengagement and intentions to leave. Further, stratified data analysis by age group suggests that workers aged 62 or older perceive less ambivalent ageism, are less disengaged and have significantly higher self-esteem than workers of younger age groups. Such findings call for the implementation of workplace policies that are age-based inclusive and that account for differential experiences of ageism in the workplace.
CIVIL MONETARY PENALTIES GOVERNING ASSISTED LIVING: VARIATION ACROSS AND WITHIN STATES
Authors: Weems Jacy , Smith Lindsey , Hua Cassandra , Thomas Kali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
State survey agencies are responsible for developing minimum requirements for assisted living (AL) communities, including penalties for noncompliance. Civil monetary penalties are a common measure state enforcement agencies use to incentivize regulatory compliance. We searched state statutes and regulations governing licensed AL communities in August 2022 to identify enforceable civil monetary penalties and used descriptive statistics and content analysis to describe regulatory differences within and between states according to license type. Our findings indicate that 48 of 51 states may enforce financial penalties for noncompliance against assisted living communities, though four of these states have one or more license types without applicable monetary penalties. 13 states had differing policies and possible enforceable amounts by license type, so some AL communities are possibly being charged more than others for the same offense within the same state. We found that states took three different approaches to calculating fees, sometimes using multiple approaches depending on the citation and license type. One or more license types in 36 states imposed per-instance fines, per-day fines in 32 states, and per-resident-per-day fines in 3 states. We describe the current landscape of financial penalty enforcement policies for US assisted living communities as well as its implications for state agencies and providers.
CONTEXTUALIZING THE RANGE OF MEDICATION-RELATED REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN ASSISTED LIVING
Authors: Dys Sarah , Smith Lindsey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Prior research has investigated the severity and scope of medication-related deficiency citations; less is known about the specificity of regulatory requirements governing medication-related practices in assisted living (AL). We examine the variation of regulatory specificity for two common policies: medication record review and administration. We coded state requirements for 196 AL licenses linked to 33,246 ALs in the U.S for the presence of specific requirements, weighted for increasing precision (1-4), summed and divided by the maximum value to produce a score ranging from no specificity (0) to maximum specificity (1). Medication record review specificity includes: regularly scheduled review of resident medications generally (1), by AL staff (2), or by a licensed healthcare professional (3). Specificity of staff who administer oral medication includes: direct care staff permitted (1), certified nursing assistant or medication aide required (2), licensed practical/vocational nurse required (3), registered nurse required (4). Most facilities operate under licenses that only require general review of residents’ medications (62%) and 32% required medication review by a licensed healthcare provider. Most facilities’ licensure requirements permit direct care workers to administer medications (63%) and 16% require a licensed nurse to administer. One in six facilities have requirements that do not address who is permitted or required to administer oral medications. Overall, 36% of facilities operated under regulations that had an overall specificity score ( management and administration) of 0.5 or higher. While most ALs are licensed with low medication policy specificity, understanding regulatory expectations can contextualize and inform medication practices within these settings.
AUTONOMIC ACTIVITY AND THE AGING BRAIN
Authors: Mather Mara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aging affects both autonomic activity and the brain regions that help modulate autonomic activity. In this symposium, we present new findings on how the relationships between autonomic activity and the brain change in aging. In addition, we demonstrate that modulating autonomic activity can affect the aging brain and emotional and cognitive functions controlled by the brain. Kathy Liu will present research from over 600 participants showing that, unlike younger adults who show the expected positive relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and brain and behavioral indicators of emotion regulation, older adults showed a negative relationship between HRV and emotion regulation. Julian Thayer will present findings on how blood pressure and total peripheral resistance relate to brain structure. Richard Song will present functional MRI data revealing that the older brain shows less blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to physiological fluctuations than younger brains. Jungwon Min will present findings that random assignment to daily biofeedback to either increase or decrease heart rate oscillations had a large effect on plasma amyloid-β. Mara Mather will present a new theoretical model positing that older brains attempt to compensate for hyperactive peripheral sympathetic activity, and that this ventromedial prefrontal compensatory activity leads to the biases in attention and memory known as the age-related positivity effect. Together, the empirical findings and theoretical perspectives presented in this symposium indicate that the autonomic system exerts important influences over the aging brain and that this provides a significant opportunity for intervening to improve brain health.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY BIOFEEDBACK MODULATES PHYSIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON THE BOLD SIGNAL IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Song Richard , Wang Shiyu , Min Jungwon , Goodale Sarah , Yang Ruoqi , Mather Mara , Chang Catie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Physiological processes, such as heart rate and breathing, impact the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI signal. While often regarded as noise, BOLD signal fluctuations related to physiological activity may contain valuable information about age-related brain vasculature changes including cerebrovascular arterial stiffening. This study investigates how the dynamics of BOLD responses to physiological activity change with age and in response to heart-rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training, an intervention that affects brain networks implicated in autonomic control. We used the resting-state fMRI and physiological data from the Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training and Emotional Regulation Dataset (n = 193). Data were split into younger (18-31 years) and older (54-80 years) age groups. Using least squares projection, we fitted physiological impulse functions to model how variation in end-tidal CO2 and heart rate propagate into BOLD signals. After permutation testing, the physiological component of BOLD signal fluctuations was significantly higher in regions including anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, and white matter regions in younger adults compared to older adults. Following a 5-week HRV biofeedback training aimed to increase heart rate oscillations, areas where the physiological influence on BOLD signals increased in older adults included the prefrontal cortex and thalamus; these effects were primarily driven by greater covariance between BOLD and heart rate. In contrast, physiological effects on BOLD did not significantly change in older adults following HRV biofeedback aimed to decrease heart rate oscillations. Overall, these findings highlight how increasing HRV may improve cerebrovascular health in older adults.
COHORT DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDLESSNESS AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN OLD AGE
Authors: Sauter Julia , Aartsen Marja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the progressive institutionalization of Western societies during the first half of the 20th century, socially standardized life trajectories were established, in which certain transitions were expected to be made by a majority of society. These normative transitions, experienced by most individuals at different ages of life, have a temporality implying potential social sanctions for those who carry them out too early, too late or not at all. In earlier born cohorts compared to later born cohorts, the transition to parenthood was an event that was highly valued both socially and institutionally, but a part of society remained childless. This study investigates whether childless people born between 1920 and 1935 were more socially excluded when aged between 60 and 80 than people from the same cohort who transitioned to parenthood. We further examined whether a later life difference in social exclusion between childless people and people with children became smaller in later born cohorts (1940-1955). Gender stratified analyses (N=6441, 54% women) on data from the European Social Survey suggest that, in later life, childless women in the earlier born cohort had less trust in other people and felt less socially included than women who had at least one child. Childless men in the earlier born cohort feel less socially included in later life than childless men in the later-born cohort. This difference persisted for women over the years but became slightly smaller for men suggesting a diminishing importance of children for social inclusion in later life for men, not women.
COGNITION MEASURES AND FINDINGS IN THE NATIONAL SOCIAL LIFE, HEALTH, AND AGING PROJECT
Authors: Waite Linda , Carr Dawn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Good cognitive function is an important component of health at any age. Certain domains of cognition tend to decline with age and rates of change vary dramatically across individuals and across social groups. This Symposium examines a commonly-used clinical measure of cognition, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, adapted for survey use (MoCA-SA) and administered in two rounds of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (2010 and 2015). It focuses especially identifying and evaluating differential functioning of the MoCA-SA across racial and ethnic groups, across modes of administration of the measure, within intimate dyads and as linked to sensory function. Iveniuk and colleagues examine race difference and find that 7 measures, out of the 18 used in NSHAP’s MoCA, formed a scale that was more robust to racial bias and suggest use of this modified measure to compare racial groups. Piedra and coauthors construct an abbreviated MoCA-SA (Spanish version) that compared favorably with the long form MoCA across the different grouping and showed predicative validity with consequential outcomes associated with cognitive decline. Pudelek and colleagues examine mode of assessment. web, phone, and PAPI or in-person interviews and describe an analytic strategy for obtaining a measure comparable across modes. Meiyi Li and Yiang Li find that women’s cognitive impairment adversely affects their partner’s social connectedness but husband’s impairment does not. Zhong et al find that odor identification was associated with some domains of cognition with differences in that association by age, gender, or race, but not by education.
RACE/ETHNICITY AND THE MEASUREMENT OF COGNITION IN NSHAP: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ROBUSTNESS
Authors: Iveniuk James , Lee Haena , Zhong Selena , Wilder Jocelyn , Marshall Gillian , Patricia Boyle , Piedra Lissette , Riley Alicia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, we interrogate measurement of cognition by race, in order to move towards a less-biased and more-inclusive set of measures for capturing cognitive change and decline in older adulthood. We use data from Round 2 (N=3377) and Round 3 (N=4777) of the National Social Life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), and examine the study’s version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We employ exploratory factor analyses to explore configural invariance by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, All else), and then log-likelihood tests of scalar and metric invariance. Using modification indexes we identify items that seem robust to bias by race. We test the predictive validity of the full (18-item) and short (7-item) scales using self-reported dementia diagnosis, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), proxy reports of dementia death, and National Death Index (NDI) reports of dementia death. We found that 7 measures, out of the 18 used in NSHAP’s MoCA, formed a scale that was more robust to racial bias. The shortened form predicted consequential outcomes equally well, compared to NSHAP’s full MoCA. The short form was also highly correlated with the full form, and displayed lower test-retest correlation between Round 2 and 3. Although sophisticated structural equation modeling techniques could be useful for assuaging measurement invariance by race in NSHAP, the shortened form provides a quick way for researchers to carry out robustness checks – to see if the disparities and associations they document are ‘real’ or the product of artifactual bias.
MEASURING COGNITION IN NSHAP USING MULTIMODE DATA COLLECTION
Authors: Pudelek Kelly , Scussiatto Henrique Ochoa , Schumm L Philip , Wroblewski Kristen , Zhong Selena , Li Meiyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) is a U.S. nationally representative, omnibus study of social relationships and health among home-dwelling older adults. Cognitive function is a key focus, both as an outcome and also because it is implicated in mechanisms by which social relationships affect and are affected by health trajectories. Data collection started in 2005, and respondents have been re-interviewed in 2010, 2015, and 2022–3. Starting in 2010, NSHAP administers a survey-adapted version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA). While Rounds 1–3 were conducted in the home, Round 4 utilized three remote modes (web, phone and PAPI, in that order) in addition to in-home interviews. Respondents were assigned to remote data collection initially if they were judged to be likely to respond based on prior information, otherwise they were assigned to in-home; a random subset of 400 initially assigned to remote were shifted to the in-home group to facilitate examination of possible mode effects on response. Each mode necessarily utilized a slightly different subset of the MoCA-SA items based on feasibility; these were augmented by items from the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center’s (RADC) cognition battery that could be administered via the web or PAPI. This presentation will describe our analytic strategy for harmonizing across modes and generating an overall measure of cognitive function, as well as preliminary results for Round 4. Our approach utilizes a bi-factor item response model calibrated to each mode, and is applicable to data from other studies.
KINDNESS INTERVENTION AND SELF-PERCEPTION OF AGING: AN INTERGENERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Tse Dwight , Cahill Ewan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Performing acts of kindness can enhance benefactors’ well-being. However, few studies have examined its impact on older benefactors. This study aimed at evaluating this intervention among older adults and exploring “side benefits” beyond well-being. Specifically, given the negative stereotype on older adults as unproductive and incompetent, we hypothesized that acts of kindness could combat against older adults’ internalized negative self-perceptions and enhance their self-concept. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment with 45 participants in the United Kingdom aged 61-80 (73% female). In the experimental condition, for 14 consecutive days, participants recalled up to three acts of kindness they did for others on that day and planned up to three acts of kindness on the next day, as opposed to listing up to three places they were at in the control condition. Surprisingly, our pre-test post-test comparison revealed no significant difference in well-being improvement between the two conditions. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed an improvement in attitudes toward own aging, especially for their age-related cognitions in the gain (vs. loss) domain. Beneficiaries were mostly family members (34%), followed by community members (25%) and friends/colleagues (21%). For intergenerational acts of kindness, participants reported similar frequencies of younger and older beneficiaries (compared to their age) and provided predominantly emotional (vs. instrumental) support. Taken together, performing acts of kindness may help older adults counteract negative aging stereotypes and see themselves in a more positive lens as productive and competent members of society.
A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE ON INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SECOND HALF OF LIFE
Authors: Ayalon Liat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Life satisfaction is defined as the perception of individuals concerning the level of meaning, fulfillment, and satisfaction in their life. It has shown to be an important indicator of older persons’ perceived ability to pursue their life goals. The present study evaluated the relationship between older mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of their relationship with their children and their life satisfaction four years afterwards. We relied on the Health and Retirement Study, which is a representative sample of US citizens at the age of 50 and over. In total 1071 continuously married couples participated in both 2006 and 2010 waves and completed the leave behind questionnaire. Relying on path analysis, our findings show that fathers’ life satisfaction in 2010 is associated with perceived support from their children in 2006. Mothers’ life satisfaction in 2010 on the other hand, is associated with perceived support from their children as well as with lower levels of perceived strain in the relationship with their children in 2006. Results are discussed in relation to gender roles in the second half of life as manifested in intergenerational relationships.
FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS, LIVING ARRANGEMENT, DAILY SOCIAL CONTACTS, AND LONELINESS IN LATE LIFE
Authors: Zhang Shiyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Older adults with functional limitations are at a greater risk of social isolation and loneliness, largely due to difficulties in mobility and compromised social contacts. Lack of social contact throughout the day may contribute to loneliness among older adults with functional limitations, and these associations may differ by living arrangements. This study examined associations between functional limitations, living alone, daily social contacts, and loneliness throughout the day. Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 + (N = 310, Mage = 73.96) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study completed a measure of functional limitations in a baseline interview. Then, in ecological momentary assessments (EMA), they reported social contacts and loneliness every 3 hours for 5 to 6 days. Multilevel models revealed a significant interaction between functional limitations and social contacts on loneliness, such that people with higher levels of functional limitations felt less lonely if they had more social contacts in the prior 3 hours, but not for those with lower levels of functional limitations. The three-way interaction between functional limitations, living alone, and loneliness revealed that more social contacts were associated with reduced loneliness only among individuals with functional limitations and who lived with others. Individuals with functional limitations who lived alone had higher levels of loneliness than those with functional limitations who lived with others. The findings emphasize the vulnerability in social isolation of older adults with functional limitations, especially those who live alone. Yet this vulnerable group may also benefit more from adequate daily social contacts.
ASSESSING USABILITY OF A MEDICATION ADHERENCE SYSTEM FOR PERSONS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Azevedo Renato Ferreira Leitao , Hale Timothy , Warren Teresa , Baby Eliza , Lee Jeannie , Insel Kathleen , Rogers Wendy , Mudar Raksha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Persons with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI) are at risk of medication nonadherence due to prospective memory deficits. Over time, they are likely to experience accelerated deterioration in cognitive functions and may develop dementia when comorbid treatable health conditions, such as hypertension, are not well managed. A digital therapeutic system called Medication Education, Decision Support, Reminding, and Monitoring (MEDSReM©) has been designed for cognitively normal older adults to support hypertension medication adherence and is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. MEDSReM has the potential to support PwMCI with hypertension medication adherence, but it must be optimized specifically for this population. We conducted a cognitive walkthrough to identify usability issues and inform the redesign and optimization of the system for PwMCI. This usability technique is used to evaluate a system from a user’s perspective and is typically conducted by subject matter experts. We had 12 individuals with interdisciplinary expertise in cognitive aging, cognitive impairment, hypertension management, nursing, human factors, and health technology participate in the cognitive walkthrough. Usability issues related to figure-ground contrast, text complexity, and flexibility related to decision making were identified. Overall, recommendations included (1) simplifying the user interface (e.g., color contrast/textual cues), (2) eliminating options related to medication taking actions (e.g., snooze, take later) to mitigate memory-related errors, and (3) providing more direct, prescriptive instructions to minimize decision-making demands. Based on these recommendations, MEDSReM is currently being redesigned for testing with PwMCI. Our approach can inform the design of other mobile health tools.