bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns and drivers of spatial autocorrelation in plant communities in protected areas
Authors: Peng Yu , Xin Jiaxun , Peng Nanyi , Li Yanyi , Huang Jijiao , Zhang Ruiqiang , Li Chen , Wu Yimeng , Gong Bingzhang , Wang Ronghui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimStochastic and deterministic (biotic factors such as intraspecies competition or abiotic factors) processes affect the spatial patterns of ecological communities. These processes can be quantitatively assessed based on spatial autocorrelation (SAC) parameters. However, the global patterns of SAC and their differences across vegetation types remain unknown. We aimed to (1) quantitatively assess the SAC global pattern in plant communities and their variation from 1990 to 2020 and (2) identify the key drivers of SAC in plant communities in protected areas (PAs).LocationGlobal.Time Period1990–2020.Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsUsing normalized difference vegetation index data extracted from remote sensing datasets, we calculated the SAC parameters, including the Nugget, Partial Sill (PSill), and Sill, in 147 samples from 49 PAs in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The random forest model was employed to identify the drivers among 10 annual and 120 monthly climatic variables.ResultsThe SAC patterns of plant communities in global PAs differed across vegetation types. It reached the highest in grasslands and evergreen needleleaved forests, mainly explained by annual energy metrics, and the lowest in tropical evergreen rain forests around equator and boreal coniferous forests near the Arctic Circle. From 1990 to 2020, the Nugget, PSill, and Sill decreased by 92.36%, 58.36%, and 60.61%, respectively, indicating biological homogeneity. Monthly climatic variables explain SAC variations better than annual ones.Main ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2020, the SAC parameters decreased sharply across vegetation types, indicating an obvious biologically homogenous trend that was mainly driven by monthly climatic variation, vary across sites and vegetation types. Our results highlight the need to assess the SAC in different vegetation types separately to understand the shifts of global plant communities under climate change.
Effects of CB1R inverse agonist, INV‐202, in patients with features of metabolic syndrome. A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind phase 1b study
Authors: Crater Glenn D. , Lalonde Karine , Ravenelle François , Harvey Michael , Després Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the clinical safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the novel cannabinoid receptor‐1 (CB1R) inverse agonist, INV‐202, in adults with features of metabolic syndrome.Materials and MethodsThis was a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 28‐day repeat‐dose (INV‐202 [25 mg] or placebo, once‐daily oral tablet), parallel‐group study in 37 participants aged 18 to 65 years (46% female, mean age 55 years, glycated haemoglobin 5.7% [39 mmol/mol], body mass index [BMI] 38.1 kg/m2) with features of metabolic syndrome and glucose intolerance. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline and at the end of the study. Lipid profiles, weight, waist circumference and biomarkers were assessed weekly. Statistical comparisons were performed post hoc.ResultsINV‐202 was well tolerated with no serious or severe treatment‐emergent adverse events; the most common events related to known effects of CB1R blockade in the gastrointestinal tract. INV‐202 produced a significant mean weight loss of 3.5 kg (3.3% compared with placebo participants who gained a mean 0.6 kg [0.5%]). INV‐202 also exhibited significant reductions in waist circumference and BMI (P ≤ 0.03). There was no significant difference in OGTT 0‐ to 3‐hour area under the curve for INV‐202 versus placebo: least squares mean 29.38 versus 30.25 h*mmol/L, with an INV‐202: placebo ratio of 97.1% (95% confidence interval 90.2, 105.6; P = 0.43).ConclusionsINV‐202 was well tolerated, producing a signal for rapid weight loss with improvements in other metabolic syndrome markers in this population. These findings support further exploration and long‐term assessment of cardiometabolic effects.
Review of intra‐articular local anaesthetic administration in horses: Clinical indications, cytotoxicity, and outcomes
Authors: Webster Aaron , Pezzanite Lynn , Hendrickson Dean , Griffenhagen Gregg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEquine practitioners frequently inject local anaesthetics (LA) intra‐articularly in both diagnosis of lameness and for pain management intra‐ or post‐operatively with synovial endoscopy. Recent reviews of the human and veterinary literature support the concept that chondrotoxicity of LA on joint tissues depends on the type of drug, dose administered, and duration of exposure. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current literature describing intra‐articular local anaesthetic use, including both in vitro and in vivo studies, and to draw some comparisons to literature from other species where potential toxicity and duration of effect have been evaluated with the goal of advancing the field's understanding of intra‐articular local anaesthetic use in horses, and indicating future directions for the field. The aggregate data available from all species, while generally sparse for horses, indicate that LA are rapidly cleared from the synovial fluid after injection, often within 30 min. In vitro data strongly suggest that lidocaine and bupivacaine are likely more chondrotoxic than other LA, although to what extent is still unknown, and cytotoxicity of LA may be mitigated through concurrent injection with HA, PRP, and drug combinations including nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories and opioids. The current body of in vitro research is not reflective of the in vivo environment, and further in vitro work, if performed, should focus on mimicking the native joint environment, utilising PK data and joint/injection volumes to replicate the native environment more accurately within the joint and the expected exposures to LA.
Fatigue delamination propagation: Various effects on results
Authors: Singh Anuwedita , Aizen Snir , Mega Mor , Rifkind Shira , Banks‐Sills Leslie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this investigation, three subjects are considered. First, the effect of the human factor is examined. In carrying out analyses of fatigue delamination propagation tests on laminate composites, the delamination length must be measured. The human effect on measurement of the delamination length
by different investigators is discussed. A limited influence of the human factor on the measurement of the delamination length
, as well as on delamination propagation rate
, is observed in this study. Secondly, the paper proceeds to discuss the influence of the
ratio on the fatigue delamination growth rate. It is found that a higher rate of crack/delamination propagation is associated with lower
ratios which appears to contradict conventional wisdom. This behavior is confirmed in tests. Thirdly, a comparison between the fatigue propagation rates of two material systems is considered. It is concluded that the energy release rate used to assess these materials should not be normalized.
Effect of shot peening on fatigue behavior and microstructure of additively manufactured Co‐Cr‐Mo alloy
Authors: Polat Erdogan , Saklakoglu Ibrahim Etem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis investigation delved into the impact of shot peening on the fatigue properties of Co‐Cr‐Mo samples manufactured through laser powder bed fusion. Two primary groups were established, one subjected to stress relief heat treatment. Each group underwent further division, with one subgroup undergoing shot peening. Comprehensive microstructural, fractographic analyses and fatigue tests were conducted. Statistical analysis of fatigue results demonstrated a noteworthy difference (p < 0.05) between machined and shot‐peened samples across stress levels of 700–70, 600–60, and 500–50 MPa. A statistical significance was observed between machined and heat‐treated, then machined samples within 700–70 and 600–60 MPa stress levels. Fatigue analysis of heat‐treated, then machined samples revealed a shorter life comparing with machined samples at low cycle fatigue (<105), but superior performance at high cycle fatigue (>105). Fracture surface examinations indicated a planar structure with a distinctive quasi‐cleavage texture, affirming that shot peening enhances fatigue behavior by refining mechanical properties.
Aridity creates global thresholds in soil nitrogen retention and availability
Authors: Elrys Ahmed S. , Abo El‐Maati Mohamed F. , Dan Xiaoqian , Wen YuHong , Mou Jinxia , Abdelghany Ahmed Elsayed , Uwiragiye Yves , Shuirong Tang , Yanzheng Wu , Meng Lei , Zhang JinBo , Müller Christoph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentifying tipping points in the relationship between aridity and gross nitrogen (N) cycling rates could show critical vulnerabilities of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Yet, the global pattern of gross N cycling response to aridity across terrestrial ecosystems remains unknown. Here, we collected 14,144 observations from 451 15N‐labeled studies and used segmented regression to identify the global threshold responses of soil gross N cycling rates and soil process‐related variables to aridity index (AI), which decreases as aridity increases. We found on a global scale that increasing aridity reduced soil gross nitrate consumption but increased soil nitrification capacity, mainly due to reduced soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and N (MBN) and increased soil pH. Threshold response of gross N production and retention to aridity was observed across terrestrial ecosystems. In croplands, gross nitrification and extractable nitrate were inhibited with increasing aridity below the threshold AI ~0.8–0.9 due to inhibited ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and bacteria, while the opposite was favored above this threshold. In grasslands, gross N mineralization and immobilization decreased with increasing aridity below the threshold AI ~0.5 due to decreased MBN, but the opposite was true above this threshold. In forests, increased aridity stimulated nitrate immobilization below the threshold AI ~1.0 due to increased soil C/N ratio, but inhibited ammonium immobilization above the threshold AI ~1.3 due to decreased soil total N and increased MBC/MBN ratio. Soil dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium decreased with increasing aridity globally and in forests when the threshold AI ~1.4 was passed. Overall, we suggest that any projected increase in aridity in response to climate change is likely to reduce plant N availability in arid regions while enhancing it in humid regions, affecting the provision of ecosystem services and functions.
The importance of oxygen for explaining rapid shifts in a marine fish
Authors: Bandara Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Wajra Jeewantha , Curchitser Enrique , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale shifts in marine species biogeography have been a notable impact of climate change. An effective explanation of what drives these species shifts, as well as accurate predictions of where they might move, is crucial to effectively managing these natural resources and conserving biodiversity. While temperature has been implicated as a major driver of these shifts, physiological processes suggest that oxygen, prey, and other factors should also play important roles. We expanded upon previous temperature‐based distribution models by testing whether oxygen, food web productivity, salinity, and scope for metabolic activity (the Metabolic Index) better explained the changing biogeography of Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata) in the Northeast US. This species has been expanding further north over the past 15 years. We found that oxygen improved model performance beyond a simple consideration of temperature (ΔAIC = 799, ΔTSS = 0.015), with additional contributions from prey and salinity. However, the Metabolic Index did not substantially increase model performance relative to temperature and oxygen (ΔAIC = 0.63, ΔTSS = 0.0002). Marine species are sensitive to oxygen, and we encourage researchers to use ocean biogeochemical hindcast and forecast products to better understand marine biogeographic changes.
Operationalizing the principles of patient engagement through a Patient Advisory Council: Lessons and recommendations
Authors: Nielssen Ingrid , Santana Maria , Pokharel Surakshya , Strain Kimberly , Kiryanova Veronika , Zelinsky Sandra , Khawaja Zoha , Khanna Prachi , Rychtera Anni , Ambasta Anshula 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundInclusiveness, Support, Mutual Respect and Co‐Build are the four pillars of patient engagement according to the Strategy for Patient‐Oriented Research (SPOR). The aim of this manuscript is to describe the operationalization of these principles through the creation of a Patient Advisory Council (PAC) for the research study titled ‘Re‐Purposing the Ordering of Routine laboratory Tests (RePORT)’.MethodsResearchers collaborated with the Alberta SPOR SUPPORT Unit (AbSPORU) Patient Engagement Team to create a diverse PAC. Recruitment was intentional and included multiple perspectives and experiences. PAC meetings were held monthly, and patient research partners received support to function as co‐chairs of the PAC. Patient research partners were offered training, support and tailored modalities of compensation to actively engage with the PAC. Regular member check‐ins occurred through reflexivity and a formal evaluation of PAC member engagement.ResultsThe PAC included between 9 and 11 patient research partners, principal investigator, research study coordinator, improvement scientist, resident physician and support members from the AbSPORU team. Twelve monthly PAC meetings were held during the first phase of the project. The PAC made course‐changing contributions to study design including study objectives, recruitment poster, interview guide and development of codes for thematic analysis. Patient research partners largely felt that their opinions were valued. Diversity in the PAC membership enhanced access to diverse patient participants. Furthermore, support for co‐chairs and patient research partner members enabled active engagement in research. In addition, a culture of mutual respect facilitated patient partner engagement, and co‐design approaches yielded rich research outputs.ConclusionsCollaboration between research teams and Patient Engagement Teams can promote effective patient engagement through a PAC. Deliberate and flexible strategies are needed to manage the PAC to create an ecology of Inclusiveness, Support, Mutual Respect, and Co‐Build for meaningful patient engagement.Patient or Public ContributionPatient research partners were involved in the decision to write this manuscript and collaborated equitably in the conception and development of this manuscript, including providing critical feedback. Patient research partners were active members of the PAC and informed the research project design, participant recruitment strategies, data collection and analysis, and will be involved in the implementation and dissemination of results. They are currently involved in the co‐development of a patient engagement strategy using a Human‐Centered Design process.
Effect of alkyl‐chain unsaturation on the antioxidant potential of chlorogenic acid derivatives in food and biological systems
Authors: Wang Yuzhuo , Xu Yan , Luo Hailing , Yang Dong , Ren Fazheng , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2023

SummaryChlorogenic acid (CGA) was modified using acyl chlorides with different levels of unsaturation (C18:0–C18:3) to enhance the lipophilicity and promote its application. The antioxidant activity of CGA derivatives in food and biological models was evaluated. All CGA derivatives had significantly greater antioxidative activity than CGA in fish oil and β‐carotene/linoleic acid emulsions (P < 0.05), but there was no linear relationship between antioxidative activity and unsaturation. The effectiveness of CGA‐C18:0 was significantly greater than that of CGA in scavenging H2O2 and reducing copper‐induced human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the H2O2 scavenging activity, inhibitions of copper‐induced human LDL oxidation and hydroxyl or peroxyl radical‐induced DNA oxidation were all linearly related to the unsaturation of the alkyl chains, mainly with the free radical chain reactions of the unsaturated bonds. Our findings showed that CGA derivatives could potentially be used as antioxidants in food and biological systems.
Ethnicity disparities in job control in the United Kingdom
Authors: Williams Mark , Wang Senhu , Koumenta Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite widely‐reported ethnicity disparities in pay and occupational attainment, little is known about how different ethnic groups fare in job control—a crucial component of job quality with significant implications for well‐being and health. Drawing on two large‐scale representative datasets in the United Kingdom (1992–2022), we find that workers from all Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups conditionally report significantly lower job control than their White British counterparts, although heterogeneity exists depending on the BAME group in question. Ethnicity penalties are also most pronounced for foreign‐born workers. Despite a slow trend towards convergence, ethnicity disparities have remained significant over the last three decades. We further show that disparities are largely unexplained by compositional factors such as pay and occupation, demonstrating ethnicity penalties in job control. By linking ethnicity to job control, this study contributes to the growing research on BAME workers in the labour market, as well as the literatures on job quality and multisegmented labour markets.
Vergleichende Verhaltensstudien an Grundfischen
Authors: Filek Werner v. 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Schmerle (Noemacheilus barbatula) ruht tagsüber in einem Versteck und geht in der Dämmerung auf Nahrungssuche. Sie zeigt kein Revierver‐halten. Im Boden versteckte Beute spürt sie wohl mit der Nase auf und erbeutet sie durch Gründeln und Wühlen. Sichtbare Beute sieht sie und zielt sie, wie auch den Schatten derselben, optisch an, besonders gierig, wenn chemische Reize sie alarmieren.Zum Kampfverhalten gehören das Drohen, sich senkrecht zur Breitseite des Gegners Stellen und das Rammen. Der Unterlegene zeigt eine Demutstellung, die in allem das Gegenstück der Drohgebärden ist.Das Sichscheuern wird beschrieben. Die Paarungszeit währt von April bis Juni.
Hybrid low‐temperature sintering processes of electro‐ceramics
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Fu Changli , Xu Weichen , Zhao Xuetong , Xu Wan , Wang Fuliang , Guo Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCold sintering process (CSP) developed recently has attracted much attention due to the ultralow sintering temperatures and high efficiencies with the assist of transient liquid phase (TLP). Based on CSP, we have further established a protocol for low‐temperature sintering processes by combining TLP with other sintering technologies, including hybrid sintering process with microwave and TLP (MW‐TLP), and hybrid sintering process with spark plasma sintering and TLP (SPS‐TLP). Three typical electro‐ceramics (TiO2, CaWO4, and ZnO) are selected, which are highly densified (>97%) with excellent electrical properties at reduced sintering temperatures, applied pressures or holding times, demonstrating the feasibility of MW‐TLP and SPS‐TLP in fabricating electro‐ceramics. Especially, the Q × f value of TiO2 ceramics (38,020 GHz) prepared by MW‐TLP at 1000°C is 46.2% and 23.4% higher than that of microwave and spark plasma sintered samples, respectively, and comparable to traditional thermal sintered (TTS) samples at 1300–1400°C. The dielectric properties of MW‐TLP CaWO4 ceramics sintered at 900°C for 2 h are comparable to TTS samples sintered at 1000–1300°C for 2–5 h. ZnO ceramics can be highly densified (∼98%) by SPS‐TLP with mild sintering conditions (200–300°C and 3.8–50 MPa) compared to SPS (>500°C) and CSP (>100 MPa). The frameworks of fundamental mechanisms are outlined together with the experimental data. It is expected that this work will provide promising sintering methods to fabricate electro‐ceramics and offer inspirations on sintering combinations to develop low‐temperature sintering processes with high efficiencies.
The effect of ferroelastic domains and ultrahigh‐density dislocations on fracture toughness of high entropy niobates
Authors: Wang Panpan , Cai Huangyue , Li Muzhi , Luo Lirong , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the fracture toughness and toughening mechanism of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)NbO4, a high entropy material characterized by a high thermal expansion coefficient and low thermal conductivity. Our finding demonstrates a noteworthy 50% increase in fracture toughness for (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)NbO4 (∼3.09 MPa m0.5) compared to YNbO4 (∼2.11 MPa m0.5). The superior fracture toughness for (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)NbO4 can be attributed to the two key factors: relatively easy ferroelastic domain switching and the presence of ultrahigh‐density dislocations (∼7 × 108 mm−2). The enhanced ferroelastic toughening in (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)NbO4 is associated with its distinct characteristics, large atomic radius (RA), significant tetragonality (c/a ratio), and low monoclinic β angle. These factors contribute to larger spontaneous strain, larger coercive strain, and lower transformation strain, respectively. These properties facilitate the formation and switching of the ferroelastic domains. In addition, the interactions between the large strain field surrounding the dislocations and the cracks facilitate crack deflection and bridging. The combined effect of ferroelastic toughening and ultrahigh‐density dislocations ultimately leads to the significant improvement in the fracture toughness of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)NbO4.
Impact of pulsed field ablation on intraluminal esophageal temperature
Authors: Kirstein Bettina , Heeger Christian‐H. , Vogler Julia , Eitel Charlotte , Feher Marcel , Phan Huong‐Lan , Mushfiq Ilias , Traub Anna , Hatahet Sascha , Samara Omar , Subin Behnam , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Tilz Roland R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAtrio‐esophageal fistula after esophageal thermal injury (ETI) is one of the most devastating complications of available energy sources for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) uses electroporation as a new energy source for catheter ablation with promising periprocedural safety advantages over existing methods due to its unique myocardial tissue sensitivity. In preclinical animal studies, a dose‐dependent esophageal temperature rise has been reported. In the TESO‐PFA registry intraluminal esophageal temperature (TESO) changes in a clinical setting are evaluated.MethodsConsecutive symptomatic AF patients (62 years, 67% male, 61% paroxysmal AF, CHA2DS2Vasc Score 2) underwent first‐time PFA and were prospectively enrolled into our registry. Eight pulse trains (2 kV/2.5 s, bipolar, biphasic, x4 basket/flower configuration each) were delivered to each pulmonary vein (PV). Two extra pulse trains per PV in flower configuration were added for wide antral circumferential ablation. Continuous intraluminal esophageal temperature (TESO) was monitored with a 12‐pole temperature probe.ResultsMedian TESO change was statistically significant and increased by 0.8 ± 0.6°C, p < .001. A TESO increase ≥ 1°C was observed in 10/43 (23%) patients. The highest TESO measured was 40.3°C. The largest TESO difference (∆TESO) was 3.7°C. All patients remained asymptomatic considering possible ETI. No atrio‐esophageal fistula was reported on follow‐up.ConclusionA small but significant intraluminal esophageal temperature rise can be observed in most patients during PFA. TESO rise over 40°C is rare. The clinical implications of the observed findings need to be further evaluated.