bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwurf linearer Deskriptorsysteme durch Polvorgabe (Pole Assignment in Linear Descriptor Systems)
Authors: Konigorski Ulrich 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Der Beitrag beschreibt einen neuen Zugang zum Entwurf linearer Deskriptorsysteme durch Polvorgabe. Bei R-steuerbaren Deskriptorsystemen ermöglicht das vorgestellte Verfahren neben der Vorgabe sämtlicher endlicher Eigenwerte auch die gezielte Verschiebung der unendlichen Eigenwerte. Die resultierende Zustandsregelung liefert daher nicht nur eine vollständige Lösung des Polvorgabeproblems bei linearen Deskriptorsystemen, sondern ermöglicht gleichzeitig auch eine stabile Indexreduktion. Nach einer geeigneten Transformation werden dazu einige der Deskriptorvariablen als zusätzliche fiktive Eingangsgrößen interpretiert, die zusammen mit den realen Stellgrößen für den Entwurf einer konstanten Zustandsrückführung herangezogen werden können. Diese Rückführung wird in Anlehnung an den Entwurf einer Verkopplungsregelung anhand eines reduzierten expliziten Zustandsraummodells entworfen, wobei die Berücksichtigung der zusätzlichen algebraischen Nebenbedingungen problemlos möglich ist.
Fission fragment angular momentum in the spontaneous fission of 244Cm
Authors: Naik H. , Singh R. J. , Iyer R. H. 
Published: February 2004

Summary
Independent isomeric yield ratios (IYR) of 128Sb, 130Sb, 132Sb, 131Te, 133Te, 132I, 134I, 135Xe and 138Cs have been determined in the spontaneous fission of 244Cm using off-line gamma ray spectrometric technique. From the IYR, fragment angular momenta (J
rms) have been deduced using spin dependent statistical model analysis. It was observed that: (i) J
rms of fragments having spherical 82n shell and even-Z products are lower than the fragments away from spherical neutron shell and odd-Z products which indicates the effect of nuclear structure. (ii) The yield-weighted average angular momentum shows an inverse correlation with the elemental yield which indicate coupling between collective and intrinsic degrees of freedom. (iii) Comparison of the present data in 244Cm(SF) with similar data for 245Cm(n
th, f) shows comparable odd-even effect on fragment angular momentum in both fissioning systems inspite of higher odd-even effect on elemental yield in the former compared to latter. This may be due to the linear correlation of J
rms with deformation parameter and thus with deformation energy unlike the exponential dependence of the proton odd-even effect on intrinsic excitation energy.
Studies on the equilibrium and mechanism of Th(IV) extraction by CYANEX 272 in kerosene from nitrate medium
Authors: El-Dessouky S. I. , El-Hefny N. E. , Daoud Jacqueline A. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryThe extraction behavior of Th(IV) from aqueous nitrate medium by the commercial bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid extractant, (CYANEX 272) in kerosene has been studied. Batch extraction investigation was firstly carried out to elucidate the stoichiometry of the extracted Th(IV) species and deduce the suitable conditions to be applied in the kinetic studies using Lewis cell technique. The extracted species was found to be [Th(OH)3A(HA)3] on the basis of slope analysis method. The different parameters affecting the extraction rate of Th(IV) as well as temperature were separately investigated, and a rate equation was deduced. The experimental results indicate that the rate of Th(IV) extraction is first order dependent on CYANEX 272 concentration, first order dependent on hydrogen ion concentration and inversely first order dependent on thorium concentration. The proposed mechanism for the extraction process is controlled by chemical reaction in the bulk phase rather than at the interface.
Strontium and cesium sorption to Snake River Plain, Idaho soil
Authors: Mincher Bruce J. , Fox Robert V. , Riddle Catherine L. , Cooper D. Graig , Groenewold Gary S. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryThe behavior of strontium and cesium on soil from the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), located on the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho, USA, was investigated using sequential aqueous extractions and batch sorption methods over six orders of magnitude in aqueous ion concentration. Sequential extractions revealed that most Sr is retained in the operationally-defined ion exchangeable and carbonate fractions, while Cs is predominantly found in the residual fraction. Strontium sorption was reversible, while Cs was not, except at the lowest concentrations. Freundlich isotherms can describe sorption of both metals at low aqueous concentrations, but Langmuir isotherms were needed to describe Cs and Sr sorption over the entire range used in this study. Slightly higher sorption was observed for both when experiments were repeated on soil that was treated to remove carbonates.
Crystal and molecular structures of new enantiopure quinuclidines
Authors: Kania Iwona , Stadnicka Katarzyna , Oleksyn Barbara J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractX‐ray crystal structure analysis was performed on single crystals of two diastereomeric enantiopure quinuclidines, (3R,8R)‐3‐vinyl‐8‐hydroxymethyl‐quinuclidine (quincoridine, QCD) and (3R,8S)‐3‐vinyl‐8‐hydroxymethyl‐quinuclidine (quincorine, QCI) as their salts with tartaric and p‐toluenesulphonate anions, respectively. The molecules of these quinuclidine derivatives are considered here as fragments of the Cinchona alkaloids, quinidine and quinine. A comparison of the conformational features of QCD, QCI, and Cinchona alkaloids in the crystalline state shows that the molecular geometry of the title compounds is similar to that of threo‐alkaloids (e.g., R,R isomer of epicinchonine) rather than to quinidine and quinine. The packing of the molecules in both structures is dominated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Chirality 16:180–189, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trans‐diaryl epoxides: Asymmetric synthesis, ring‐opening, and absolute configuration
Authors: Solladié‐Cavallo A. , Roje M. , Giraud‐Roux M. , Chen Y. , Berova N. , Sunjic V. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAnthryl‐phenyl, phenanthryl‐phenyl, and naphthyl‐phenyl trans‐epoxides (1, 2, and 3, respectively) having enantiomeric purities of 95%, 99%, and 96% were synthesized from a diastereo and enantiopure sulfonium salt derived from Eliel's oxathiane. The determination of their (1R,2R) absolute configurations was achieved by application of the CD exciton chirality method using a Zn‐porphyrin tweezer on the corresponding alcohols obtained after opening of these epoxides with LiAlH4. The R‐configuration at C2 of these epoxides, (–)‐1, (+)‐2, and (–)‐3, is consistent with our previous results concerning asymmetric synthesis of monoaryl epoxides, cyclopropanes, and aziridines. The (1S,2R)‐configuration of the cis isomer (when present) was also confirmed. Moreover, the agreement between the negative exciton chirality for conjugates of (S)‐configuration predicted by molecular modeling and the observed CD spectra helps to clarify the relative steric size of phenyl and CH2‐aryl (phenanthryl or anthryl), which is critical when the tweezer method is applied for absolute configurational assignment (phenyl = medium group; anthacenyl CH2 and phenanthryl CH2 = large group). Chirality 16:196–203, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral recognition based on enantioselective interactions of propranolol enantiomers with cyclosophoraoses isolated from Rhizobium meliloti
Authors: Lee Sanghoo , Choi Youngjin , Lee Sangsan , Jeong Karpjoo , Jung Seunho 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCyclosophoraoses isolated from Rhizobium meliloti, as an NMR chiral shift agent, were used to discriminate propranolol enantiomers. Continuous variation plot made from the complex of cyclosophoraoses with propranolol showed that the diastereomeric complex had predominantly 1:1 stoichiometry through UV spectroscopic analysis. The chiral recognition of propranolol enantiomers by cyclosophoraoses was investigated through the determination of binding constant based on the 13C NMR chemical shift changes. The averaged Kobs values from the plots were 55.7 M−1 for (R)‐(+)‐propranolol and 36.6 M−1 for (S)‐(–)‐propranolol, respectively. Enantioselectivity (α = KR(+)/KS(–)) of 1.52 was then obtained. Computational calculation also revealed that (R)‐(+) propranolol was more tightly bound with cyclosophoraose than (S)‐(–)‐propranolol due to the enhanced van der Waals interaction. Chirality 16:204–210, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Children, cancer, and nutrition—A dynamic triangle in review
Authors: Sala Alessandra , Pencharz Paul , Barr Ronald D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe overall cure rate for cancer in childhood now exceeds 70% and is projected to reach 85% by the year 2010 in industrialized countries. Therefore, major attention is being placed on reducing the side effects of therapy. However, 85% of the world's children live in developing countries, where access to adequate care often is limited and health status frequently is influenced adversely by prevalent infectious diseases and malnutrition. Despite several confounding factors (different definitions of nutritional status, the wide variety of measures used for its assessment, the selection biases by disease and stage, treatment protocols of variable dose intensity and efficacy, small sample sizes of the studies conducted in the last 20 years), it is accepted that the prevalence of malnutrition at diagnosis averages 50% in children with cancer in developing countries; whereas, in industrialized countries, it is related to the type of tumor and the extent of the disease, ranging from < 10% in patients with standard‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia to 50% in patients with advanced neuroblastoma. The importance of nutritional status in children with cancer is related to its possible influence on the course of the disease and survival. Some authors have described decreased tolerance of chemotherapy associated with altered metabolism of antineoplastic drugs, increased infection rates, and poor clinical outcome in malnourished children. In this article, the authors review methods of nutritional assessment and the pathogenesis of nutritional morbidity in children with cancer as well as correlations of nutritional status with diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Cancer 2004;100:677–87. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Fertility after testicular cancer treatments
Authors: Huyghe Eric , Matsuda Tomohiro , Daudin Myriam , Chevreau Christine , Bachaud Jean‐Marc , Plante Pierre , Bujan Louis , Thonneau Patrick 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with testicular cancer have an excellent survival rate, and fertility is one of the main concerns of survivors. The authors investigated fertility status after treatment for testis cancer in long‐term survivors.METHODSFour hundred fifty‐one consecutive patients with testicular cancer (1979–1999) from health facilities in the French Midi‐Pyrenees region were enrolled. Testis tumors were classified according to the Royal Marsden Hospital Classification. Fertility status was assessed by means of a mailed, standardized questionnaire focused on reproductive events that occurred before and after treatment. Of 451 patients with germ‐cell tumors, information concerning fertility was obtained in 446 patients (98.9%). The follow‐up was at least 3 years.RESULTSBefore they were diagnosed with testicular cancer, 91.2% of patients who had tried to get their partners pregnant had succeeded, compared with 67.1% of patients after treatment. Radiotherapy had a much more deleterious effect on fertility compared with chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, cumulative conception rates (log‐rank test) for patients who received radiotherapy were significantly lower compared with the rates for patients who received chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSThe outcome of this study, which included the largest series reported to date, showed that fertility in patients with testicular cancer decreased by 30% after treatments and that radiotherapy seemed to have the most deleterious effect on fertility. Cancer 2004;100:732–7. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Results of a prospective study for the treatment of retinoblastoma
Authors: Chantada Guillermo , Fandiño Adriana , Dávila María T. G. , Manzitti Julio , Raslawski Elsa , Casak Sandra , Schvartzman Enrique 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this prospective study were to avoid adjuvant treatment for patients with intraocular disease and patients with postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PL‐ONI) without full choroidal or scleral invasion. Adjuvant chemotherapy (Regimen 1) was given to patients with scleral invasion, PL‐ONI without cut section, and full choroidal and/or scleral invasion. A more intensive regimen of higher dose intravenous chemotherapy (Regimen 2) and local radiotherapy was given to patients with PL‐ONI and compromise at the cut end and to patients with overt extraocular disease.METHODSSix‐month intravenous chemotherapy included carboplatin plus etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide plus vincristine (Regimen 1) and the same drugs at higher dosage plus idarubicin (Regimen 2). Chemoreduction with carboplatin and vincristine with or without etoposide was given to selected patients (n = 39 patients).RESULTSFrom 1994 to 2001, 169 patients were evaluable at the Hospital Garrahan (Buenos Aires, Argentina). One hundred eighteen patients with intraocular disease had a 5‐year disease free survival (DFS) rate of 0.98, including 54 patients with choroidal invasion. None of 22 patients with isolated PL‐ONI developed recurrent disease, whereas 2 of 8 patients with concomitant risk factors had tumor recurrences and died. Three of 5 patients with scleral invasion survived, and 7 of 10 patients with cut‐end ONI survived. The only patient with metastatic disease that survived (n = 6) had only lymph node invasion.CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant therapy can be avoided in patients with intraocular and isolated PL‐ONI. Patients with PL‐ONI who also had other risk factors required intensive adjuvant therapy, such as patients with cut‐end and overt extraocular disease. Metastatic disease was not found to be curable with this approach. Cancer 2004;100:834–42. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Reduced folate carrier mutations are not the mechanism underlying methotrexate resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kaufman Yotam , Drori Stavit , Cole Peter D. , Kamen Barton A. , Sirota Jenny , Ifergan Ilan , Arush Myriam Weyl Ben , Elhasid Ronit , Sahar Dvora , Kaspers Gert Jan L. , Jansen Gerrit , Matherly Larry H. , Rechavi Gideon , Toren Amos , Assaraf Yehuda G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the majority of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are cured with combination chemotherapy containing methotrexate (MTX), drug resistance contributes to treatment failure for a substantial fraction of patients. The primary transporter for folates and MTX is the reduced folate carrier (RFC). Impaired drug transport is a documented mechanism of MTX resistance in patients with ALL; however, to the authors' knowledge it is not known whether inactivating RFC mutations are a contributing factor.METHODSThe authors devised a genomic polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformational polymorphism assay followed by sequencing and screened the entire RFC coding region for sequence alterations in DNA from 246 leukemia specimens from patients with diverse ethnic variation, 24 at the time of recurrence and the rest at the time of diagnosis. This cohort was comprised of 203 B‐precursor ALL specimens (82.5%), 32 T‐lineage ALL specimens (13%), and 11 acute myeloblastic leukemia specimens (4.5%).RESULTSOf 246 DNA samples, only 3 diagnosis B‐precursor ALL specimens (1.2%) were found to harbor alterations in the RFC gene, including heterozygous single nucleotide changes resulting in D56H and D522N substitutions in the first extracellular loop and the C‐terminus of this transporter, respectively. The third sample had a sequence alteration in exon 3 that could not be identified because of the lack of availability of DNA.CONCLUSIONSWhereas inactivating RFC mutations are a frequent mechanism of MTX resistance in human leukemia cell lines and in patients with osteosarcoma, they are not common and do not appear to play any significant role in intrinsic or acquired resistance to MTX in childhood leukemia. This is the first study of RFC mutations in multiple pediatric leukemia specimens. Cancer 2004;100:773–82. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of the synergistic effect of insulin resistance and insulin‐like growth factors on the risk of breast carcinoma
Authors: Malin Alecia , Dai Qi , Yu Herbert , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Jin Fan , Gao Yu‐Tang , Zheng Wei 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between insulin resistance (which was measured using fasting blood C‐peptide) and its joint association with insulin‐like growth factors (IGF‐1, IGF‐2, and IGF binding protein‐3 [IGFBP‐3]) on the risk of breast carcinoma.METHODSIncluded in the current study were 400 case–control pairs from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Pretreatment biospecimens and interview data were collected from all breast carcinoma cases and their individually matched controls.RESULTSBreast carcinoma risk was found to be statistically significantly increased when higher blood levels of C‐peptide and IGFs were noted in a dose‐response manner. There was a statistically significant twofold to threefold increased risk of breast carcinoma for women in the highest quartile of C‐peptide, IGF‐1, or IGFBP‐3 compared with women in the lowest quartiles. Women with high levels of both C‐peptide and IGF‐1 or IGFBP‐3 also were found to have a substantially higher risk of breast carcinoma than those women with a high level of only one of these molecules. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 3.79 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.03–7.08) for those with a higher level of both C‐peptide and IGF‐1 and 4.03 (95% CI, 2.06–7.86) for those with a higher level of both C‐peptide and IGFBP‐3.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest that insulin resistance and IGFs may synergistically increase the risk of breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004;100:694–700. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Symptomatic hypogonadism in male survivors of cancer with chronic exposure to opioids
Authors: Rajagopal Arun , Vassilopoulou‐Sellin Rena , Palmer J. Lynn , Kaur Guddi , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDProfound hypogonadism has been noted in patients receiving intrathecal opioids. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether chronic consumption of oral opioids by male survivors of cancer also would lead to central hypogonadism and whether this hypogonadism was associated with symptoms of sexual dysfunction, fatigue, anxiety, and depression.METHODSA case–control study was conducted at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX), in which 20 patients who were chronically consuming opioids were compared with 20 matched controls. Patients completed the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy with general and fatigue subscales (FACT‐G/FACIT‐F), and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) questionnaires. Serum samples were collected for testosterone, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).RESULTSComparing the opioid group with the control group, 18 of the 20 patients (90%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 65–98%) exhibited hypogonadism, compared with 8 of the 20 control patients (40%; 95% CI, 19–64%). The median testosterone level was 145 ng/dL versus 399.5 ng/dL (5.0 nmol/L vs. 13.9 nmol/L; P < 0.0001), the median FSH level was 2.85 milli–International Units (mIU)/mL versus 5.3 mIU/mL (P = 0.08), the median LH level was 1.8 mIU/mL versus 4.2 mIU/mL (P = 0.0014), the median SDI‐dyadic score was 18.5 versus 40 (P = 0.01), the median SDI‐solitary score was 0 versus 5 (P = 0.007), the HADS (anxiety) score was 8.5 versus 5.5 (P = 0.053), the HADS (depression) score was 7.5 versus 1.5 (P = 0.0002), the FACT‐G score was 64 versus 96.3 (P = 0.0001), and the FACIT‐F score was 24 versus 46 (P = 0.0003).CONCLUSIONSSurvivors of cancer who chronically consumed opioids experienced symptomatic hypogonadism with significantly higher levels of depression, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. With the increasing use of opioids among patients with cancer, further research in improving quality‐of‐life outcomes is warranted. Cancer 2004;100:851–8. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Access to multidisciplinary cancer care
Authors: Baldwin Laura‐Mae , Taplin Stephen H. , Friedman Harvey , Moe Roger 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDBreast‐conserving surgery (BCS) with radiation (BCSR) requires a multidisciplinary care approach between surgeons and radiation oncologists.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study examined the use of preoperative radiation oncology consultation and whether use of or distance to this care was associated with treatment choice among 1188 women age ≥ 65 years who were diagnosed with local or regional breast carcinoma in Washington State in 1994 and 1995. Study outcomes included rates of BCSR; BCS alone; and mastectomy; and radiation therapy among women who underwent BCS.RESULTSOnly 29% of patients in the current study consulted with a radiation oncologist preoperatively, and less than half of the patients (46.6%) consulted with either a medical oncologist or a radiation oncologist. Among women who underwent either BCSR or mastectomy, the odds of undergoing BCSR among women who had a preoperative radiation oncology consultation were 6.7 times the odds of women who did not have the consultation (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, the odds of receiving radiation therapy among women who underwent BCS and had a preoperative radiation oncology consultation were 5 times the odds of women who did not have the consultation (P < 0.001). The 3.4% of women who lived > 50 miles from the radiation therapy center had the lowest BCSR rate (15.8%) and had the lowest radiation therapy rate among women who underwent BCS (54.5%), although these findings were not statistically significant in adjusted analyses.CONCLUSIONSA preoperative visit with a radiation oncologist was associated strongly with BCSR use. More should be done to evaluate the role of multidisciplinary consultation in the decision to use BCSR. Cancer 2004;100:701–9. © 2004 American Cancer Society.