bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blade Construction Processes
Authors: Fitzwilliams O L L 
Published: October 2023

This short talk describes the manufacture of the metal rotor blades now going into quantity production for the S 51 and S 55 Helicopters at the Westland Aircraft Works These blades are a Sikorsky development so that there are many details both of design and construction which I am not at liberty to discuss On the other hand I hope to give a general indication of the way in which they are made, and of the scale of facilities which are available They are the first all metal helicopter main rotor blades to go into quantity production outside the United StatesThe backbone of the blade is an extruded light alloy spar which begins life as a billet in the extrusion presses at Messrs Birmetals Since the blades of the S 55 Helicopter use the same type of extrusion as the smaller S 51 blades, in future all extrusions will be delivered to us in the longer length and will be cut down for the manufacture of S 51 spars Each extrusion contains two shear webs inside the main contour and these run the entire length of the spars
Helicopter Operating Experiences
Authors: Vernieuwe A V J 
Published: October 2023

Mr NORMAN HILL briefly outlined the proceedings and drew the attention of the meeting to the presence of Mr E MENSFORTH, C B E, M A, M I Mech E, F R Ae S, the new President of the Association, this being his first attendance as President Mr MASEFIELD was then called on to open the meetingMr President, Ladies and Gentlemen This really has been quite a remarkable week in Aviation, and I think perhaps this evening is a fitting climax During this week we have seen some excellent new aeroplanes, both the old fashioned fixed wing types (even if they do have jet engines) and, of course, the “shape of wings to come”—a number of new helicopters I personally feel after seeing the Bristol 173 in the air that no one can now doubt that one important trend of the future of air transport—and, indeed, of transport as a whole—is in the direction of the helicopter We seem to have got out of the “gold fish bowl” stage at last with helicopters to something which looks like a real vehicle
British Helicopter Developments
Authors: McClements A 
Published: October 2023

When asked to prepare this paper it seemed that two courses were open, namely —(a)the detailed consideration of a few aspects of British helicopter developments, and(b)a more general survey of the British helicopter development field with references from which details of much of our work could be obtainedThe latter course was chosen because it was felt to be the more useful as a work of reference and more likely to convey an accurate impression of British activities as a wholeTo assist in understanding the British helicopter development situation, and because it may be of interest to some not familiar with past events in the United Kingdom, I propose to start this paper by briefly mentioning some important aspects of British developments and activities before and during the war years
Some thoughts on the operational future of the Transport Helicopter
Authors: Masefield Peter G 
Published: October 2023

It is the custom of the Association for the Chairman to introduce to you formally all its lecturers In the case of our lecturer this evening, there is no such necessity to do so, for we all know full well the name PETER MASEFIELD and the work that he has done and is doing in all branches of commercial and other aviation and doubtless some of us would wish to know something more of his background than is already availableIn 1945, Peter Masefield was appointed by the Minister of Civil Aviation to be the first British Civil Air Attache at the British Embassy in Washington In 1946 he was appointed Director General of Long Term Planning and Projects at the British Ministry of Civil Aviation in London He led the British delegation to the South Pacific Air Defence Council in 1948 in Wellington, New Zealand In January, 1949, he joined British European Airways and was appointed Chief Executive and member of the Board in October, 1949, Lord Douglas of Kirtleside having been appointed Chairman a short while previously
The Simulation of Helicopter Flight Loads in Ground Tests
Authors: Brennan M J 
Published: October 2023

You are all aware of the problems associated with the title of this lecture and, m order to avoid overlapping with Mr Hafner, I shall limit my part to the work that has been carried out on the SkeeterIn many respects the helicopter resembles an aircraft engine unit, and it therefore suggests itself that the routine method of testing engines should be applied to the helicopter Indeed at the beginning of 1951, a draft proposal to this effect was put forward, and is as follows(1) The aircraft should be tested for functioning on the ground followed by the strain gauging of its transmission, control and rotor systems During the strain gauging a complete range of flight control should be covered(2) Records made of these tests should be examined for any undue stress levels and stress oscillations
The Noise of a Pulse Jet
Authors: Powell Alan 
Published: October 2023

SummarySome measurements of the noise of a pulse jet working in the open have been made Octave analyses show that the bulk of the noise energy is contained in the fundamental, the source approximating to the classical simple acoustic source This results in a relation for the mean noise level in decibels,where ρo is the ambient air density, c the velocity of sound and V that of the jet of exit area S and pulsation frequency f, r being the distance from the source (The units are c g s for which ρoc = 42) This gives a good approximation to the mean noise level, in practice the level decreasing as the angle from the jet stream is increased, and the character of the noise also becoming rather less unpleasant to the ear Although noise due to the intake of air past the valves, and the valves themselves, is undoubtedly present, it has not been considered separately, since there is no indication suggesting that it is appreciable in comparison with that of the pulsating exhaust Its existence, however, should not be overlookedSince the generator of the acoustic energy can be likened to a simple source, the “efficiency” of the process is high, about 1% compared with a simple jet where a quadrupole field is more appropriate For a thrust of about 18 lbs, measurements indicate acoustic energy of the order of 400 wattsA second flatter and lower peak is also present in the spectra, being attributed to aerodynamic noise of the jet Although swamped by the other noise, its level is higher than that of a steady “cold” jet producing the same thrust by 25 or 30 dbSince the pulsating flow is an essential characteristic of this form of prime mover, the problem of noise reduction at source is severe A certain amount of cancellation by the mutual interference of two units might be achieved if it is possible for two units to run in close proximity to each other at a definite frequency
Helicopters and the Whaling Industry
Authors: Bristow A E 
Published: October 2023

Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen I have been in some dilemma about the type of paper to read before such a technical body I would like very much to include a brief history of whaling, the zoology of whales, and the economics of whaling I would like to describe rounding Cape Horn in a full gale, and to tell you in an informal way of experiences during a hurricane in latitude 68 South last season, of terrible accidents and suicides, of personal sacrifice, of brilliant seamanship, of bitter disappointment, and of super-human efforts I would also like to recall some amusing, some sad and some frightening personal experiences that I had during two whaling seasonsInstead, I shall describe the structure of a whaling expedition and summarise last season’s work, trying to make a comparison between present whaling methods and new techniques offered to the whaling industry by the use of helicopters I shall conclude with a summary of the advantages to be gained by the use of helicopters for whaling
Helicopters in Malaya
Authors: Fry K 
Published: October 2023

Casualty Evacuation Flight was formed in May, 1950, at Royal Air Force Station, Changi, and was disbanded on the 31st January, 1953, and its aircraft and personnel were absorbed into No 194 Squadron, on formation, at R N A S, SembawaryThe helicopters, Westland Dragonfly II (S 51 with fabric blades) were assembled and test-flown at Seletar in April, 1950 When the unit based at Changi trials were carried out to deduce the aircrafts performance using as many combinations of individual pilot and aircraft as possible at various times throughout the day to obtain varying humidity and temperature variations and their effects on performance
Materials and the Fatigue Aspect
Authors: Cooper W. E. 
Published: October 2023

It will be appreciated that, in this short paper, only brief reference can be made to various aspects of importance to the design and performance of rotary wing aircraft. Nevertheless, it is suggested that these references will serve as a basis for discussion, as well as to emphasise the necessity for more investigational work.Because of the rapid development in the “science” of rotary wing aircraft, the subject of materials of construction will become increasingly important and most probably difficult as the designers’ demands and desires increase. Today, therefore, any discussion on materials can only be based on current design knowledge and requirements, with indications to the materials which may be considered most suitable for future projects.Bearing in mind such limitations in scope, together with the fact that a certain amount of choice of material is left to the designer, it is proposed to refer to various aspects of materials and their selection which, in the opinion of the author, warrant the attention of those concerned with the responsibility of design development and research.
Tectono‐Magmatic Evolution of Asymmetric Coronae on Venus: Topographic Classification and 3D Thermo‐Mechanical Modeling
Authors: Gülcher Anna J. P. , Yu Ting‐Ying , Gerya Taras V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVenus is the only other Earth‐sized planet in the Solar System but it does not exhibit evidence of plate tectonics that dominates geological processes on Earth. Surface deformation on Venus is mainly driven by mantle convection and plume‐lithosphere interactions, likely represented by the widespread development of the circular volcano‐tectonic features known as coronae. Here, we present a joint study of mission data analysis and 3D modeling of asymmetric coronae on Venus. We systematically analyze 155 of the largest coronae on Venus in terms of surface topography and morphology. We establish that 75% of those coronae are radially asymmetric, and further sub‐categorize them based on their adjacent topography. This analysis reveals that many asymmetric coronae are positioned at a topographic transition between a lowland and plateau (termed topographic margin). With state‐of‐the‐art 3D numerical models, we investigate the physical processes behind plume‐margin interactions on Venus. We find that several tectonic styles may be responsible for asymmetric coronae at topographic margins, including lowland‐sided subduction, plateau‐sided lithospheric dripping, and an embedded plume. The gradient in lithospheric strength across the topographic margin controls these tectonic styles, and larger gradients enhance lithospheric resurfacing and the lifetime of the coronae. We also find that the density increase associated with the basalt‐to‐eclogite phase change provides the extra negative gravitational force required for downgoing crust to be recycled into the mantle. The models presented in this study reproduce a wide set of asymmetrical corona features found on Venus and suggest that they are generally more long‐lived than symmetric coronae.
Gut microbiota impacts bone via Bacteroides vulgatus-valeric acid-related pathways
Authors: Lin Xu , Xiao Hong-Mei , Liu Hui-Min , Lv Wan-Qiang , Greenbaum Jonathan , Gong Rui , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yuan-Cheng , Peng Cheng , Xu Xue-Juan , Pan Dao-Yan , Chen Zhi , Li Zhang-Fang , Zhou Rou , Wang Xia-Fang , Lu Jun-Min , Ao Zeng-Xin , Song Yu-Qian , Zhang Yin-Hua , Su Kuan-Jui , Meng Xiang-He , Ge Chang-Li , Lv Feng-Ye , Luo Zhe , Shi Xing-Ming , Zhao Qi , Guo Bo-Yi , Yi Neng-Jun , Shen Hui , Papasian Christopher J. , Shen Jie , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough the gut microbiota has been reported to influence osteoporosis risk, the individual species involved, and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unknown. We performed integrative analyses in a Chinese cohort of peri-/post-menopausal women with metagenomics/targeted metabolomics/whole-genome sequencing to identify novel microbiome-related biomarkers for bone health. Bacteroides vulgatus was found to be negatively associated with bone mineral density (BMD), which was validated in US white people. Serum valeric acid (VA), a microbiota derived metabolite, was positively associated with BMD and causally downregulated by B. vulgatus. Ovariectomized mice fed B. vulgatus demonstrated increased bone resorption and poorer bone micro-structure, while those fed VA demonstrated reduced bone resorption and better bone micro-structure. VA suppressed RELA protein production (pro-inflammatory), and enhanced IL10 mRNA expression (anti-inflammatory), leading to suppressed maturation of osteoclast-like cells and enhanced maturation of osteoblasts in vitro. The findings suggest that B. vulgatus and VA may represent promising targets for osteoporosis prevention/treatment.
Lactate biosensors for spectrally and spatially multiplexed fluorescence imaging
Authors: Nasu Yusuke , Aggarwal Abhi , Le Giang N. T. , Vo Camilla Trang , Kambe Yuki , Wang Xinxing , Beinlich Felix R. M. , Lee Ashley Bomin , Ram Tina R. , Wang Fangying , Gorzo Kelsea A. , Kamijo Yuki , Boisvert Marc , Nishinami Suguru , Kawamura Genki , Ozawa Takeaki , Toda Hirofumi , Gordon Grant R. , Ge Shaoyu , Hirase Hajime , Nedergaard Maiken , Paquet Marie-Eve , Drobizhev Mikhail , Podgorski Kaspar , Campbell Robert E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstractl-Lactate is increasingly appreciated as a key metabolite and signaling molecule in mammals. However, investigations of the inter- and intra-cellular dynamics of l-lactate are currently hampered by the limited selection and performance of l-lactate-specific genetically encoded biosensors. Here we now report a spectrally and functionally orthogonal pair of high-performance genetically encoded biosensors: a green fluorescent extracellular l-lactate biosensor, designated eLACCO2.1, and a red fluorescent intracellular l-lactate biosensor, designated R-iLACCO1. eLACCO2.1 exhibits excellent membrane localization and robust fluorescence response. To the best of our knowledge, R-iLACCO1 and its affinity variants exhibit larger fluorescence responses than any previously reported intracellular l-lactate biosensor. We demonstrate spectrally and spatially multiplexed imaging of l-lactate dynamics by coexpression of eLACCO2.1 and R-iLACCO1 in cultured cells, and in vivo imaging of extracellular and intracellular l-lactate dynamics in mice.
Neuronal connected burst cascades bridge macroscale adaptive signatures across arousal states
Authors: Munn Brandon R. , Müller Eli J. , Medel Vicente , Naismith Sharon L. , Lizier Joseph T. , Sanders Robert D. , Shine James M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe human brain displays a rich repertoire of states that emerge from the microscopic interactions of cortical and subcortical neurons. Difficulties inherent within large-scale simultaneous neuronal recording limit our ability to link biophysical processes at the microscale to emergent macroscopic brain states. Here we introduce a microscale biophysical network model of layer-5 pyramidal neurons that display graded coarse-sampled dynamics matching those observed in macroscale electrophysiological recordings from macaques and humans. We invert our model to identify the neuronal spike and burst dynamics that differentiate unconscious, dreaming, and awake arousal states and provide insights into their functional signatures. We further show that neuromodulatory arousal can mediate different modes of neuronal dynamics around a low-dimensional energy landscape, which in turn changes the response of the model to external stimuli. Our results highlight the promise of multiscale modelling to bridge theories of consciousness across spatiotemporal scales.
Systematic analysis of paralogous regions in 41,755 exomes uncovers clinically relevant variation
Authors: Steyaert Wouter , Haer-Wigman Lonneke , Pfundt Rolph , Hellebrekers Debby , Steehouwer Marloes , Hampstead Juliet , de Boer Elke , Stegmann Alexander , Yntema Helger , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Brunner Han , Hoischen Alexander , Gilissen Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe short lengths of short-read sequencing reads challenge the analysis of paralogous genomic regions in exome and genome sequencing data. Most genetic variants within these homologous regions therefore remain unidentified in standard analyses. Here, we present a method (Chameleolyser) that accurately identifies single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions (SNVs/Indels), copy number variants and ectopic gene conversion events in duplicated genomic regions using whole-exome sequencing data. Application to a cohort of 41,755 exome samples yields 20,432 rare homozygous deletions and 2,529,791 rare SNVs/Indels, of which we show that 338,084 are due to gene conversion events. None of the SNVs/Indels are detectable using regular analysis techniques. Validation by high-fidelity long-read sequencing in 20 samples confirms >88% of called variants. Focusing on variation in known disease genes leads to a direct molecular diagnosis in 25 previously undiagnosed patients. Our method can readily be applied to existing exome data.
Rheological engineering of perovskite suspension toward high-resolution X-ray flat-panel detector
Authors: Song Zihao , Du Xinyuan , He Xin , Wang Hanqi , Liu Zhiqiang , Wu Haodi , Luo Hongde , Jin Libo , Xu Ling , Zheng Zhiping , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolution-processed polycrystalline perovskite film is promising for the next generation X-ray imaging. However, the spatial resolution of current perovskite X-ray panel detectors is far lower than the theoretical limit. Herein we find that the pixel level non-uniformity, also known as fixed pattern noise, is the chief culprit affecting the signal-to-noise ratio and reducing the resolution of perovskite detectors. We report a synergistic strategy of rheological engineering the perovskite suspensions to achieve X-ray flat panel detectors with pixel-level high uniformity and near-to-limit spatial resolution. Our approach includes the addition of methylammonium iodide and polyacrylonitrile to the perovskite suspension, to synergistically enhance the flowability and particle stability of the oversaturated solution. The obtained suspension perfectly suits for the blade-coating process, avoiding the uneven distribution of solutes and particles within perovskite films. The assembled perovskite panel detector exhibits greatly improved fixed pattern noise value (1.39%), high sensitivity (2.24 × 104 μC Gyair−1 cm−2), low detection limit (28.57 nGyair·s−1) as well as good working stability, close to the performance of single crystal detectors. Moreover, the detector achieves a near-to-limit resolution of 0.51 lp/pix.
Dynamic interactions between E-cadherin and Ankyrin-G mediate epithelial cell polarity maintenance
Authors: Kong Chao , Qu Xiaozhan , Liu Mingming , Xu Weiya , Chen Da , Zhang Yanshen , Zhang Shan , Zhu Feng , Liu Zhenbang , Li Jianchao , Huang Chengdong , Wang Chao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractE-cadherin is an essential cell‒cell adhesion protein that mediates canonical cadherin-catenin complex formation in epithelial lateral membranes. Ankyrin-G (AnkG), a scaffold protein linking membrane proteins to the spectrin-based cytoskeleton, coordinates with E-cadherin to maintain epithelial cell polarity. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this complex formation and its relationships with the cadherin-catenin complex remain elusive. Here, we report that AnkG employs a promiscuous manner to encapsulate three discrete sites of E-cadherin by the same region, a dynamic mechanism that is distinct from the canonical 1:1 molar ratio previously described for other AnkG or E-cadherin-mediated complexes. Moreover, we demonstrate that AnkG-binding-deficient E-cadherin exhibited defective accumulation at the lateral membranes and show that disruption of interactions resulted in cell polarity malfunction. Finally, we demonstrate that E-cadherin is capable of simultaneously anchoring to AnkG and β-catenin, providing mechanistic insights into the functional orchestration of the ankyrin-spectrin complex with the cadherin-catenin complex. Collectively, our results show that complex formation between E-cadherin and AnkG is dynamic, which enables the maintenance of epithelial cell polarity by ensuring faithful targeting of the adhesion molecule-scaffold protein complex, thus providing molecular mechanisms for essential E-cadherin-mediated complex assembly at cell‒cell junctions.
Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes the transition of precursor to terminally exhausted T cells through HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic reprogramming
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhao Xiufeng , Hochrein Sophia M. , Eckstein Miriam , Gubert Gabriela F. , Knöpper Konrad , Mansilla Ana Maria , Öner Arman , Doucet-Ladevèze Remi , Schmitz Werner , Ghesquière Bart , Theurich Sebastian , Dudek Jan , Gasteiger Georg , Zernecke Alma , Kobold Sebastian , Kastenmüller Wolfgang , Vaeth Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractT cell exhaustion is a hallmark of cancer and persistent infections, marked by inhibitory receptor upregulation, diminished cytokine secretion, and impaired cytolytic activity. Terminally exhausted T cells are steadily replenished by a precursor population (Tpex), but the metabolic principles governing Tpex maintenance and the regulatory circuits that control their exhaustion remain incompletely understood. Using a combination of gene-deficient mice, single-cell transcriptomics, and metabolomic analyses, we show that mitochondrial insufficiency is a cell-intrinsic trigger that initiates the functional exhaustion of T cells. At the molecular level, we find that mitochondrial dysfunction causes redox stress, which inhibits the proteasomal degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and promotes the transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming of Tpex cells into terminally exhausted T cells. Our findings also bear clinical significance, as metabolic engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is a promising strategy to enhance the stemness and functionality of Tpex cells for cancer immunotherapy.