bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dominance, Status Signals and Coloration in Male Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)
Authors: Setchell Joanna M. , Jean Wickings E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWhere individuals contest access to a resource, escalated physical fighting presents a risk to all involved. The requirement for mechanisms of conflict management has led to the evolution of a variety of decision rules and signals that act to reduce the frequency of aggression during competitive encounters. We examined strategies of conflict management in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) living in two semi‐free‐ranging groups in Gabon. Adult male mandrills are large (31 kg), with long canines, making the costs of conflict potentially very high. We found that males formed dominance hierarchies, but that male–male relationships were characterized by avoidance, appeasement and ignoring. Fights were rare, but could result in death. Examination of the relationship between dominance and signaling showed that males use facial and gestural signals to communicate dominance and subordinance, avoiding escalated conflict. Male mandrills also possess rank‐dependent red coloration on the face, rump and genitalia, and we examined the hypothesis that this coloration acts as a ‘badge of status’, communicating male fighting ability to other males. If this is the case, then similarity in color should lead to higher dyadic rates of aggression, while males that differ markedly should resolve encounters quickly, with the paler individual retreating. Indeed, appeasement (the ‘grin’ display), threats, fights and tense ‘stand‐off’ encounters were significantly more frequent between similarly colored males, while clear submission was more frequent where color differences were large. We conclude that male mandrills employ both formal behavioral indicators of dominance and of subordination, and may also use relative brightness of red coloration to facilitate the assessment of individual differences in fighting ability, thereby regulating the degree of costly, escalated conflict between well‐armed males.
Effect of dietary vitamin E and partial replacement of poly‐ with monounsaturated fat on fatty acid patterns of backfat and intramuscular fat in heavy pigs (Iberian × Duroc)
Authors: Daza A. , Rey A. I. , Isabel B. , Lopez‐Bote C. J. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe effects of partial replacement of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) on fatty acid profiles of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat and rheological properties of fat were studied in heavy pigs. No effect of dietary fat was observed on total saturated fatty acids proportion in outer and inner backfat layers or intramuscular neutral and polar lipids. The partial substitution of dietary PUFA by MUFA produced a rise in MUFA of intramuscular polar lipids (p < 0.01) but neutral lipids were not affected. Moreover, it also decreased (p < 0.01) the n‐6 proportion of outer and inner backfat layers and intramuscular polar lipids, but no effect was observed for the n‐6 in the intramuscular neutral lipids. No significant effect of dietary fat treatment was observed on n‐3 fatty acids in outer and inner backfat layers, but the partial substitution of PUFA by MUFA increased (p < 0.01) the n‐3 proportion of intramuscular lipid fractions and the consequent decreased in the n‐6/n‐3 ratio in all lipid location. Significant effects of dietary vitamin E were observed on springiness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of backfat inner layer. However, consistency was not affected by dietary fat. Further research is needed to establish the effects of different ranges of dietary oil combination in the feeding of heavy pigs.
Growth performance and body composition of goat kids fed milk replacers with increasing levels of linoleic acid
Authors: Yeom K.‐H. , Schonewille J. Th. , Everts H. , Lee K.‐W. , Van Trierum G. , Beynen A. C. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryTwenty, 1–2‐day‐old goat kids were used in a feeding trial to investigate the effect of linoleic acid (LA) (C18:2n‐6) intake on weight gain and carcass composition. Eight animals were selected randomly and killed at the start of the trial to determine initial body composition. The other animals were assigned to the three dietary treatments and were fed milk replacers with varying LA concentrations (low: 5.5%; medium: 11.2% and high: 17.1% LA of total fatty acids) for 5 weeks. There was no systematic effect of LA intake on body composition. The average retentions of fat, protein, ash and energy were 46.3%, 61.2%, 42.2% and 37.4% respectively. Increased intakes of LA caused a significant increase in LA content of the carcass and of the weight gain, whereas there was a simultaneous decrease in fatty acids with 16 carbon atoms or less. The incorporation of LA into carcass was directly related to intake, but the percentage retention of LA remained constant. The data indicate that in goat kids the intake of extra LA raises the amount of LA in carcass but does not affect the total fat content.
Nitric oxide influences the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes cultured in hypoxanthine‐supplemented medium
Authors: Tao J.Y. , Fu Z. , Zhang M.L. , Xia G. , Lei L. , Wu Z.L. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryNitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in many pathological processes. The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the effects of NO at high level on porcine oocyte meiotic development. Cumulus‐enclosed oocytes (CEOs) and denuded oocytes (DOs) were obtained from the follicles (2–6 mm diameter). Exogenous NO was provided with sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Control (0 mm), 0.1 mm, 1 mmor 10 mmSNP was introduced to the medium. Meanwhile, 0.1 mm, 1 mmand 10 mmpreincubated SNP was also added to the medium respectively. The cumulus expansion, cumulus cells DNA fragmentation, oocyte meiotic maturation and degeneration were determined 44 h after incubation. SNP inhibited cumulus expansion and cumulus cells DNA fragmentation in a dose‐dependent manner. Significantly fewer CEOs treated by any level of SNP resumed meiosis than control (p < 0.05) and more CEOs exposed to 0.1 mmor 1 mmSNP were arrested at GV stage. Moreover, SNP increased the percentage of CEOs at metaphase I (MI) stage but decreased the percentage of CEOs at metaphase II (MII) stage. 0.1 mmor 1 mmSNP showed no influence on the proportion of germinal vesicle breakdown of DOs and only 10 mmSNP reduced the proportion. SNP accelerated degeneration of both CEOs and DOs, especially at higher concentrations. DOs were more sensitive to SNP toxicity. Preincubated SNP showed no effect on cumulus expansion, cumulus cells DNA fragmentation, oocyte meiotic maturation or degeneration at lower concentration, but higher concentrations had effect, especially on the viability of porcine oocytes. Taken together, high level of NO inhibits porcine oocyte meiotic maturation, especially the transition from MI to MII, by mediating the functions of cumulus cells.
Effect of linseed oil supplementation on concentrations of (n‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver phospholipids of rats fed diets containing either an oil rich in conjugated linoleic acids, sunflower oil or high‐oleic acid sunflower oil
Authors: Eder K. , Slomma N. , Becker K. , Brandsch C. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThis study investigated the metabolism of α‐linolenic acid and the formation of eicosanoids in rats fed diets with three different dietary fats (30 g/kg diet): either a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) preparation with a high concentration of cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA (32.2 g/100 g) and trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA (33.3 g/100 g) and a low concentration of linoleic acid (0.5 g/100 g), sunflower oil (SFO) with a high concentration of linoleic acid or high‐oleic acid sunflower oil (HO‐SFO) with a high concentration of oleic acid. Basal diets with those oils were fed for 4 weeks. In the fifth week, the same diets supplemented with 50 g of linseed oil/kg as a source of α‐linolenic acid were fed. To study the effect of the oils on the metabolism of α‐linolenic acid, the amounts of individual (n‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in liver phospholipids (phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine) were determined; to study the effect on eicosanoid formation, the concentrations of various two‐series eicosanoids in liver and plasma, the activity of the secretory phospholipase A2 and the relative mRNA concentrations of cyclooxygenases‐1 and 2 in the liver were measured. Rats fed the CLA diets had the highest concentrations of long chain (n‐3) PUFA deriving from Δ6, Δ5 and Δ4‐desaturation of α‐linolenic acid in liver phospholipids; rats fed the SFO diet had the lowest concentrations of those fatty acids. The concentration of arachidonic acid in liver phospholipids and the concentrations of eicosanoids in liver and plasma were lowest in rats fed the CLA diet and highest in the rats fed the SFO diet. Moreover, rats fed the CLA diet had a higher gene expression of Δ6‐desaturase in the liver than the other two groups of rats. The results show that feeding the CLA oil reduced the formation of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids but enhanced the formation of long chain (n‐3) PUFA and their incorporation into tissue lipids when compared with feeding SFO or HO‐SFO.
Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in Australia and New Zealand, 1992–2001: progress report from the Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry
Authors: Nivison‐Smith I. , Bradstock K. F. , Dodds A. J. , Hawkins P. A. , Szer J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground:  Bone marrow and blood stem cell transplantation is now used as curative therapy for a range of haematological malignancies and other conditions. The Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry (ABMTRR) has recorded transplant activity in Australia since 1992; transplant centres in New Zealand have corresponded with the Registry since 1998.Aim:  To describe allogeneic and autologous bone marrow and blood stem cell transplantation activity and outcomes in Australia and New Zealand from 1992 to 2001.Methods:  Each haemopoietic stem cell transplant centre in Australia and New Zealand contributes information to the Registry via a single information form compiled when a transplant is performed. An annual follow‐up request is then sent from the Registry to the contributing centre at the anniversary of each individual transplant.Results:  Haemopoietic stem cell transplants in Australia have increased in number from 478 in 1992 to 937 in 2001, whereas in New Zealand the number has grown from 91 in 1998 to 105 in 2001, mainly as a result of an increase in autologous blood stem cell transplants. The number of hospitals contributing to the ABMTRR has grown from 20 in 1992 to 37 in 2001. The most common indication for autologous transplantation in 2001 was non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, whereas for allogeneic transplants it was acute myeloid leukaemia. The 9‐year actuarial disease‐free survival probability for patients aged 16 and above between 1992 and 2000 was 37% for autologous, 39% for allogeneic related donor and 30% for allogeneic unrelated donor transplants. Recurrence of the underlying disease was the main cause of death post‐transplant after both allogeneic (26.3% of deaths in the first year and 68.0% of deaths in the second year) and autologous transplants (59.0% and 86.2%). Treatment‐related mortality was 16.9% after allogeneic transplantation and 2.1% after autologous transplantation in 2000.Conclusions:  The ABMTRR provides a comprehensive source of information on the use of bone marrow transplant, and allows for continuing analysis of changes in the application of this high‐cost technology and the outcome of patients undergoing these procedures. Registry data provide a means for directing future clinical research into perceived areas of priority for improvement of outcome, such as the reduction in the risk of disease recurrence post‐transplant. (Intern Med J 2005; 35: 18–27)
Prospective audit of short‐term concurrent ketamine, opioid and anti‐inflammatory (‘triple‐agent’) therapy for episodes of acute on chronic pain
Authors: Good P. , Tullio F. , Jackson K. , Goodchild C. , Ashby M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim:  This prospective audit was undertaken in order to document the analgesic response and adverse effects of concurrent short‐term (‘burst’) triple‐agent analgesic (ketamine, an opioid and an anti‐inflammatory agent – either steroidal or non‐steroidal) administration, for episodes of acute on chronic pain. The clinical hypothesis in this study is that better pain control may be obtained by simultaneous multiple target receptor blockade.Method:  The response of 18 patients is reported. The pain and analgesic requirement data for the 24 h before starting triple‐agent therapy were compared with the last 24 h on the triple‐agent therapy. Patients were then classified as responders or non‐responders.Results : According to stringent clinical criteria, 12 out of the 18 patients were classified as responders. The response rate was highest for somatic pain (7/9) and appeared to decrease with duration of prior uncontrolled pain. Only four out of the 18 patients reported adverse effects and all of these were minor.Conclusions : The results suggest that this ‘burst’ triple‐agent approach is safe and effective in an inpatient palliative care population during episodes of poorly controlled acute on chronic pain, and warrants further investigation to ascertain whether it gives superior results compared to the ‘gold‐standard’ WHO ladder approach. (Intern Med J 2005; 35: 39–44)
Scleroderma in Australian Aborigines
Authors: Zurauskas J. , Beroukas D. , Walker J. G. , Smith M. D. , Ahern M. J. , Roberts‐Thomson P. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractScleroderma (systemic sclerosis) has not been reported before in Australian Aborigines. We describe in detail a community middle‐aged Aboriginal woman whose diffuse scleroderma terminated fatally with a renal crisis. Moreover, we have identified a further five Aboriginal patients on the South Australian Scleroderma Register (two with diffuse, two with limited and one with overlap scleroderma), a number consistent with that expected from the 2001 census data for our state. However, an analysis of all antinuclear antibody (ANA) requests from the Top End of Australia over a 6‐year period revealed only two Aborigines with low titre anticentromere antibody (despite frequent occurrence of ANA with other specificities). Neither of these Aborigines had features of scleroderma. In conclusion, scleroderma does occur in indigenous Australians but further studies are needed to confirm the apparent infrequency of centromere‐associated limited scleroderma (which is the commonest form of scleroderma in our Caucasian population). (Intern Med J 2005; 35: 60–62)
Radiocontrast anaphylaxis with failure of premedication
Authors: Worthley D. L. , Gillis D. , Kette F. , Smith W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRadiocontrast media (RCM) is used commonly in clinical practice, and can be associated with significant adverse effects. We report a patient who experienced severe anaphylaxis after being given multiple drugs. Challenge testing established allergy to both RCM and ceftriaxone. Premedication did not prevent recurrence of anaphylaxis on repeat challenge with RCM. The haemodynamic and serum tryptase consequences of the challenges are discussed, and a summary of RCM allergy is provided. (Intern Med J 2005; 35: 58−60)
Accuracy of fetal heart‐rate variability interpretation by obstetricians using the criteria of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development compared with computer‐aided interpretation
Authors: Tongsong Theera , Iamthongin Arunsri , Wanapirak Chanane , Piyamongkol Wirawit , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Boonyanurak Pongrak , Tatiyapornkul Teerapong , Neelasri Chanthawat 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim: To evaluate the accuracy of fetal heart rate variability interpretation by obstetricians using the criteria of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), compared with computer‐aided analysis as a gold standard.Methods: One hundred and fourteen panels of fetal heart‐rate tracings derived from electrocardiogram via scalp electrodes obtained from women with high‐risk pregnancies during the intrapartum period. The tracings were interpreted using computer analysis and recorded as a gold standard. The same tracings were distributed to six observers: three residents in the third year of training and three faculty members. All observers blindly interpreted the fetal heart‐rate variability without the knowledge of the computer analysis. The main outcome measures were: (i) the accuracy of fetal heart‐rate variability interpretation by obstetricians using the NICHD criteria compared with computer‐aided analysis was presented as a percentage value; and (ii) the agreement of fetal heart‐rate variability interpretation between the obstetricians and the computer analysis using the NICHD criteria was presented as a κ‐value.Result: When using the computer analysis as a gold standard, the accuracy of fetal heart‐rate variability interpretation in the residents group was 81.58%, 86.84% and 82.46%, respectively, with a mean of 83.62%, whereas the accuracy of the faculty members was 79.82%, 67.54% and 79.82%, respectively, with a mean of 75.73%. κ‐values, representing the agreement of interpretation, were 0.70, 0.78 and 0.72, with a mean of 0.73 ± 0.04 among the residents, and 0.67, 0.50 and 0.68, with a mean of 0.62 ± 0.10 among the faculty members. Agreements in the two groups were not significantly different (Student's t‐test, P = 0.14).Conclusion: Using the NICHD criteria, the accuracy and agreement of fetal heart‐rate variability interpretation in the third‐year residents and faculty members are substantial. There was no difference between the groups with regard to the agreement of fetal heart‐rate variability interpretation.
Cervical Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization might be associated with increased incidence of preterm delivery in pregnant women without prophlogistic microorganisms on routine examination
Authors: Mitsunari Masahiro , Yoshida Souichi , Deura Imari , Horie Sayako , Tsukihara Satoru , Harada Tasuku , Irie Takashi , Terakawa Naoki 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim: We examined whether the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum DNA in the cervix is associated with preterm labor and delivery.Methods: Eighty‐two women (23 preterm labor cases and 59 controls) with no evidence of prophlogistic microorganisms on routine microbiologic examination were enrolled for this study. U. urealyticum colonization was examined using polymerase chain reaction of cervical swabs.Results: The positivity rate of U. urealyticum DNA in preterm labor cases was significantly higher than that in the controls (87.0%vs 45.8%, P = 0.0007). Women in the U. urealyticum‐positive group more frequently delivered preterm compared with those in the negative group (36.2%vs 11.4%, P = 0.0111). In five cases that delivered preterm with histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis, U. urealyticum DNA was detected in the placenta.Conclusions: Cervical U. urealyticum colonization might be associated with preterm labor and delivery.
The relationship between oscillatory activity and motor reaction time in the parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Williams David , Kühn Andrea , Kupsch Andreas , Tijssen Marina , Van Bruggen Gerard , Speelman Hans , Hotton Gary , Loukas Constantinos , Brown Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAveraging techniques have demonstrated that movement preparatory cues and movement itself are associated with marked reductions in the oscillatory synchrony of local neuronal populations in the area of the human parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus (STN), as indexed by 8–30 Hz local field potential (LFP) activity. In order to examine the detailed nature and strength of the relationship between reductions in oscillatory activity and movement we examined single‐trial LFP activity recorded from the STN area of parkinsonian subjects engaged in a choice reaction task. In this task an initial warning cue was either fully predictive or non‐predictive of the hand required to make a later motor response. This motor response was elicited by a second go cue to which data were aligned. We observed a significant linear relationship between the onset time of oscillation reduction after go cues and subsequent motor response time across single trials within subjects. Consistent with this observation we also found a positive correlation of power with response time following go cues. In addition, we observed shorter durations of suppression in fully predictive trials where selection of the response could precede go cue presentation. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that reductions in 8–30 Hz population synchrony in the STN area are related to the processing required for motor preparation, particularly response selection.
Motor cortex plasticity induced by extensive training revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation in human
Authors: Tyč F. , Boyadjian A. , Devanne H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study examines the effect of high‐level skilled behaviour on motor cortex representations of upper extremity muscles of ten sportswomen. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to map proximal medial deltoid and distal extensor carpi radialis muscle representations on both hemispheres during low‐level voluntary contraction. We compared cortical representation areas between two groups of subjects and between hemispheres within subjects. The first group comprised five elite volleyball attackers and the second group five runners. Four stimuli were delivered on multiple scalp sites (1.5 cm apart) to induce motor‐evoked potentials recorded by surface EMG. Maps were described in terms of excitable scalp positions and of motor‐evoked potentials. We observed differences in map areas between the two groups. Volleyball players had larger cortical representations of the proximal medial deltoid muscle than runners. Furthermore, the volleyball players had larger map areas for dominant muscles compared with non‐dominant muscles. There was no difference, however, in map area for either muscle between the dominant and non‐dominant arm in the runner group. Our results show that heavy training in a specific skill induces an expansion of proximal muscle representation in the contralateral primary motor cortex. This enlarged map area for proximal muscle is accompanied by an increase in the overlapping of proximal and distal muscle representations. This could reflect the fact that motor learning of co‐ordinated movement involves a common control of both muscles. This reorganization supports the hypothesis of a cortical plasticity driven by activity.