bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro milling of different workpiece materials with all-ceramic Y-TZP and cemented carbide micro end mills
Authors: Mayer Tobias , Kieren-Ehses Sonja , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicro milling is a very flexible micro cutting process widely deployed to manufacture miniaturized parts. However, size effects occur when downscaling the cutting processes. They lead to higher mechanical loads on the tools and therefore increased tool wear. Micro milling tools are usually made of cemented carbides due to their mechanical strength and fine grain structure. Technical ceramics as alternative tool materials offer very good mechanical properties as well, with grain sizes well below 1 $$\upmu$$
μ
m. In conventional machining, they have proven to be able to reduce tool wear. To transfer these wear improvements to the micro scale, we manufactured all-ceramic micro end mills in previous studies ($$\varnothing$$
∅
50 and $$\varnothing$$
∅
100 $$\upmu$$
μ
m). Tools made from zirconia (Y-TZP) showed the sharpest cutting edges, and were the best performing in micro milling trials amongst the substrates tested. However, the advantages of the ceramic substrate could not be utilized for the brass and titanium materials tested in those studies. Therefore, in this study the capabilities of all-ceramic micro end mills ($$\varnothing$$
∅
50 $$\upmu$$
μ
m) in different workpiece materials (1.4404, 1.7225, 3.1325 and PMMA GS) were researched. For the two steels and the aluminum alloy, the ceramic tools did not offer an improvement over the cemented carbide tools used as reference. For the thermoplastic PMMA however, significant improvements could be achieved by utilizing the Y-TZP ceramic tools: Less tool wear, less and more stable cutting forces, and higher surface qualities.
Flow curve approximation of high-strength aluminium alloys in heat-assisted forming processes
Authors: Schmiedt M. , Schneider R. , Jung J. , Rimkus W. , De Silva A. K. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPredicting the flow behaviour at high strain values beyond uniform elongation is a critical factor in sheet metal forming, especially in the context of heat-assisted forming processes of lightweight materials. Based on uniaxial tensile tests conducted at the temperature profiles of the Hotforming, W-Temper, and Warmforming process routes this study presents the determination of the flow curve for EN AW-7021 sheet material using five commonly used empirical approximation models. A support point obtained from layer compression tests was introduced to analyse the accuracy of the extrapolation models at higher strain values. All models considered were found to be in good agreement with the experimental tensile test data in the area of uniform elongation. However, the empirical approximation models show significant differences in strain hardening behaviour when higher strain values and varying temperature profiles are considered. For the Hotforming and W-Temper process routes, the Hockett-Sherby model estimates the flow behaviour with the highest accuracy. When using the Warmforming process, all approximation models considered seem to estimate the flow behaviour with reasonable accuracy, however the Ludwik-Hollomon modified equation shows the best correlation with the experimental data.
In-process approach for editing the subsurface properties during single-lip deep hole drilling using a sensor-integrated tool
Authors: Wegert Robert , Guski Vinzenz , Schmauder Siegfried , Möhring Hans-Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSingle-lip deep-hole drilling (SLD) is characterized by high surface quality and compressive residual stress in the subsurface of the drill hole. These properties depend significantly on the thermomechanical conditions in the machining process. The desired subsurface properties can be adjusted in-process via process monitoring near the cutting zone with a sensor-integrated tool and closed loop control when the thermomechanical conditions are maintained in the optimum range. In this paper, a method is presented to control the thermomechanical conditions to adjust the properties in the subsurface. The process model integrated in the controller is implemented as a soft sensor and takes into account the residual stresses, the roughness, the hardness and the grain size in the surface as well as in the subsurface depending on the process control variables, such as the feed rate and cutting speed. The correlation between the process variables, the thermomechanical conditions of the cutting process and the subsurface properties are investigated both experimentally and by finite element (FE) simulations. Within a justified process parameter range, characteristic fields for the soft sensor were established for each property. In addition, the procedure of controller design and the employed hardware and interfaces are presented.
Material Sense: Perceptual Experience in Stone and Mineral Selection for Tool-Making
Authors: Efrati Bar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnactivism advocates for the dynamic character of human perception, regarding it as a multidirectional network comprising human presence and self-awareness within the world (eg., with materials, with objects, with and within locations). Thus, perception is not created by mental representations alone but by human presence and sensorimotor action and interaction in the world. This study emphasizes the vital role of perception and perceptual experience as enactive in human ontological perspectives concerning choosing and collecting stones and minerals. It will also suggest that the enactive perceptual experience of the environment occurs in its absence through memory and material relationships.
“The Response Hasn’t Been a Human-to-Human Response, but a System-to-Human Response”: Health Care Perspectives of Police Responses to Persons with Mental Illness in Crisis
Authors: Morgan Matthew M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPersons with mental illness (PWMI) and other marginalised groups in society are especially receptive to procedurally fair treatment by police, especially given its potential to therapeutically de-escalate a mental health crisis. Yet PWMI often report feeling criminalised and dehumanised during police encounters whilst suffering mental health crises. Since health care workers are often present when police respond to PWMI in crisis, their perceptions regarding how police should (and do) respond to PWMI provides important knowledge for procedural justice scholarship. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with health care workers, this research applies a procedural justice lens to explore the ways in which police interact with PWMI in crisis. The findings from the study argue that whilst police often interact with PWMI using procedurally just techniques, several challenges and limitations often hinder the procedurally just treatment of PWMI by police. This paper argues that the police need to further solidify formal and informal collaborative working relationships with health care workers to harness just and appropriate responses to PWMI in crisis.
Are they functional hypogonadal men? Testosterone serum levels unravel male idiopathic infertility subgroups
Authors: Spaggiari Giorgia , Costantino Francesco , Dalla Valentina Leonardo , Romeo Marilina , Furini Chiara , Roli Laura , De Santis Maria Cristina , Canu Giulia , Trenti Tommaso , Granata Antonio R. M. , Simoni Manuela , Santi Daniele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate total testosterone distribution in male idiopathic infertility.

Methods
A retrospective, real-world case-control clinical study was conducted. Cases consisted of men evaluated for couple infertility, specifically those with alterations in semen parameters and normal gonadotropin levels, and after excluding all known causes of male infertility. Controls were male subjects who underwent semen analysis for screening purposes, without any abnormality detected. The total testosterone distribution was evaluated in cases and controls. Further analyses were performed subgrouping cases according to total testosterone reference threshold suggested by scientific societies (i.e., 3.5 ng/mL).

Results
Cases included 214 idiopathic infertile men (mean age 38.2 ± 6.2 years) and controls 224 subjects with normozoospermia (mean age 33.7 ± 7.5 years). Total testosterone was not-normally distributed in both cases and controls, with positive asymmetric distribution slightly shifted on the left in cases. The rate of subjects with testosterone lower than 3.5 ng/mL was higher in cases (23.8%) than controls (4.5%) (p < 0.001). In cases with testosterone lower than 3.5 ng/mL, a significant direct correlation between testosterone and the percentage of normal morphology sperms was highlighted, also applying multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis (R = 0.430, standard error = 0.3, p = 0.020).

Conclusion
Although idiopathic infertile men show by definition altered semen analysis and gonadotropins within reference ranges, testosterone serum levels are widely variable in this population. Approximately a quarter of these patients present some sort of functional hypogonadism. Our data support the need to better classify idiopathic male infertility and total testosterone serum levels could be a supportive parameter in tracing the patient’s therapeutic profile.
OpenEOcubes: an open-source and lightweight R-based RESTful web service for analyzing earth observation data cubes
Authors: Pondi Brian , Appel Marius , Pebesma Edzer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, Earth Observation (EO) systems have seen remarkable technological advancements, leading to a surge in Earth-orbiting satellites capturing EO data. Cloud-based storage solutions have been adopted to manage the increasing data volume. Although numerous EO data management and analysis platforms have emerged to accommodate this growth, many suffer from limitations like closed-source software, leading to platform lock-in and restricted functionalities, restricting the scientific community from conducting open and reproducible research. To tackle these issues, we present OpenEOcubes, a lightweight EO data cubes analysis service that embraces open-source tools, standardized APIs, and containerized deployment, we demonstrate the service’s capabilities in two user scenarios: performing vegetation analysis in Amazonia, Brazil for one year, and detecting changes in a forested area in Brandenburg, Germany based on five years of EO data.OpenEOcubes is an easy-to-deploy service that empowers the scientific community to reproduce small and medium-sized EO scientific analysis while aggregating over a potentially huge amount of data. It enables the extension of functionalities and validation of analysis carried out on different EO data processing platforms.
@llegra: a chatbot for Vallader
Authors: Bendel Oliver , Jabou Dalil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtinct and endangered languages have been preserved primarily through audio conservation and the collection and digitization of scripts and have been promoted through targeted language acquisition efforts. Another possibility would be to build conversational agents like chatbots or voice assistants that can master these languages. This would provide an artificial, active conversational partner which has knowledge of the vocabulary and grammar and allows one to learn with it in a different way. The chatbot, @llegra, with which one can communicate in the Rhaeto-Romanic idiom Vallader was developed in 2023 based on GPT-4. It can process and output text and has voice output. It was additionally equipped with a manually created knowledge base. After laying the conceptual groundwork, this paper presents the preparation and implementation of the project. In addition, it summarizes the tests that native speakers conducted with the chatbot. A critical discussion elaborates advantages and disadvantages. @llegra could be a new tool for teaching and learning Vallader in a memorable and entertaining way through dialog. It not only masters the idiom, but also has extensive knowledge about the Lower Engadine, that is, the area where Vallader is spoken. In conclusion, it is argued that conversational agents are an innovative approach to promoting and preserving languages.
Adapting to Climate Risk? Local Population Dynamics in the United States
Authors: Indaco Agustín , Ortega Francesc 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing a new composite climate-risk index, we show that population in high-risk counties has grown disproportionately over the last few decades, even relative to the corresponding commuting zone. We also find that the agglomeration is largely driven by increases in the (white) working-age population. In addition, we show that high-risk tracts have typically grown more than low-risk tracts within the same county, suggesting the presence of highly localized amenities. We also document heterogeneous population dynamics by degree of urbanization, region and type of natural hazard. Specifically, population has been retreating from high-risk, low-urbanization locations, but continues to grow in high-risk areas with high residential capital. Net migration flows have contributed to the higher growth of high-risk counties in the South and Northeast of the country, but the opposite has happened in the West and Midwest. Last, we provide evidence of microretreat in the case of coastal flooding: tracts with high levels of this risk have grown significantly less than other tracts in the same county, suggesting that residents are willing to relocate within short distances to avoid predictably risky locations.
Efficacy of the traditional and nano-forms of thiocyclam and chlorantraniliprole against Spodoptera littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon and analysis of their residues in tomato fruits
Authors: Moustafa Moataz A. M. , EL-Gammal Hassan A. , Alfuhaid Nawal Abdulaziz , Fonagy Adrien , Ibrahim EL-Desoky S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor effective pest control, nano-insecticides have recently been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional ones. Thus, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of the traditional and nano-forms of thiocyclam (a natural toxin-based insecticide) and chlorantraniliprole (a diamide insecticide) against two major insect pests, the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), and the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel). The residue levels of the two insecticides in tomato fruits were also assessed. The results showed that chlorantraniliprole was more effective against both insects than thiocyclam, and the nano-forms were more effective than the traditional ones. This higher insecticidal activity of chlorantraniliprole could be attributed to its novel action by binding tightly to ryanodine receptors in insects. The study also optimized and validated an analytical method for residue determination of thiocyclam and chlorantraniliprole in tomato fruits using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS. Percentage recovery ranged from 70 to 104%, with good precision and expanded uncertainty of up to ± 23%. The half-life times of thiocyclam and its nano-form in tomatoes were 0.38 and 0.57 days, respectively, compared to 0.7 and 0.38 days for chlorantraniliprole and its nano-form. On the other hand, the calculated pre-harvest intervals for thiocyclam and its nano-form, using the EU maximum residue limit, were 7 and 3 days, respectively, compared to 1 day for both forms of chlorantraniliprole.
Characterization of carotenoids, proximal analysis, phenolic compounds, anthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity of an underutilized tuber (Tropaeolum tuberosum) from Bolivia
Authors: Castañeta Grover , Miranda-Flores Daniela , Bascopé Marcelo , Peñarrieta J. Mauricio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe tubers of Tropaeolum tuberosum, locally known as Isaño and native to the Andean region of South America, have been known since ancient times for their multiple uses in the Bolivian population. They are used both as food in various preparations and in traditional medicine. In this investigation, we report the study of three Isaño cultivars currently consumed in Bolivia. We determined their proximal composition, characterized carotenoids, determined antioxidant capacity, measured total phenols and total flavonoids, and quantified the major polyphenols. The results show that, apart from being a source of important nutrients such as proteins, Bolivian Isaño is a source of antioxidants and has a higher concentration of flavonoids and anthocyanidins, particularly in the purple cultivar. Additionally, we identified the presence of three carotenoids in this food for the first time: Lutein, Neoxanthin, and β-carotene. Through these types of studies, we aim to revalue this food, which is little known both in Bolivia and outside the Andean region of South America. Considering its nutritional properties, we seek to increase its consumption.
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Panic Disorder among Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aljadani Ahmed , Alshammari Khalid , Alshammari Mossa , Alshammari Sulaiman , Alhuwaydi Ahmed , AbouZed Mohamed , Shabaan Islam , Elzahab Nasr , Altuhayni Abdullah , Alghasab Naif 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPanic disorder (PD) is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks that cause intense distress. Despite the high prevalence of panic disorder and its significant impact on life, limited research has been conducted on its prevalence and their associated factors in Saudi Arabia. This study seeks to contribute to the understanding of PD among adults in Saudi Arabia by examining its prevalence and associated factors, using an online survey method. A validated questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted targeting 1276 Saudi adults. Data were collected electronically via Google Forms from the eligible participants. The questionnaire comprised three sections: sociodemographic information, medical history, and a validated diagnostic tool for PD. The prevalence of PD among Saudi adults was 13.1%. Most individuals with PD experienced their first panic attack before the age of 18. Only 38.3% individuals with PD sought medical attention, and approximately one-third of those who sought help did not receive a diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors for PD included being female; having chronic health problems, a comorbid psychiatric disorder, a high body mass index; and experiencing suicidal ideation (P < 0.05). The highest risk was associated with chronic diseases (adjusted odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.1–4.6). This study demonstrates that PD is a prevalent and debilitating mental health condition among Saudi Arabian adults. Non-mental health physicians should be aware of PD, as many cases remain undiagnosed.
The influence of spirituality, religiosity, and self-care on well-being among Thai infection preventionists during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Greene M. Todd , Collier Kristin M. , Kasatpibal Nongyao , Fowler Karen E. , Saint Sanjay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In a national survey of lead infection preventionists in Thai hospitals, spiritual and religious importance were associated with increased odds of career satisfaction. Cultivating environments for spiritual, religious, and self-care practices within the clinical setting may help facilitate emotional well-being—and prevent burnout—among Thai healthcare workers.
Excess Mortality During 2020 in Spain: The Most Affected Population, Age, and Educational Group by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pulido José , Barrio Gregorio , Donat Marta , Politi Julieta , Moreno Almudena , Cea-Soriano Lucía , Guerras Juan Miguel , Huertas Lidia , Mateo-Urdiales Alberto , Ronda Elena , Martínez David , Lostao Lourdes , Belza María José , Regidor Enrique 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective:The objective of this work was to study mortality increase in Spain during the first and second academic semesters of 2020, coinciding with the first 2 waves of the Covid-19 pandemic; by sex, age, and education.Methods:An observational study was carried out, using linked populations and deaths’ data from 2017 to 2020. The mortality rates from all causes and leading causes other than Covid-19 during each semester of 2020, compared to the 2017–2019 averages for the same semester, was also estimated. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) and differences were used for comparison.Results:All-cause mortality rates increased in 2020 compared to pre-covid, except among working-age, (25–64 years) highly-educated women. Such increases were larger in lower-educated people between the working age range, in both 2020 semesters, but not at other ages. In the elderly, the MMR in the first semester in women and men were respectively, 1.14, and 1.25 among lower-educated people, and 1.28 and 1.23 among highly-educated people. In the second semester, the MMR were 1.12 in both sexes among lower-educated people and 1.13 in women and 1.16 in men among highly-educated people.Conclusion:Lower-educated people within working age and highly-educated people at older ages showed the greatest increase in all-cause mortality in 2020, compared to the pre-pandemic period.
Emergency Department Volumes After State-Wide Lockdown Orders Across the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: COVID-19 lockdown and emergency volume
Authors: Lau Nicole , Patterson Stephen , Kim Steven , Kim Tommy Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to describe changes in emergency department volumes after statewide lockdown in a network of hospitals across the United States during the COVID-19 global pandemic.Methods:A retrospective study was performed utilizing data on daily volumes across multiple emergency departments from a centralized data warehouse from a private for-profit hospital system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean daily volumes of 148 emergency departments were evaluated across 16 states in relation to each state’s governmental statewide lockdown orders. Comparisons of the same period in the prior year were evaluated for percent changes in volumes. We also compared pre-lockdown to post-lockdown volumes. A separate analysis was made for the pediatric ED volumes.Results:The 2020 post-lockdown volumes compared to the same 2019 dates revealed a mean percent change of −43.09%. The overall post-lockdown volumes compared to the pre-lockdown volumes had a mean percent change of −45.00%. The pediatric data revealed a greater mean percentage change in volumes of −71.52% (post-lockdown compared to 2019) and −69.03% (post-lockdown compared to pre-lockdown).Conclusions:This study found an overall decrease in volumes among 148 emergency departments across 16 states when compared to the comparable period pre-global pandemic.
How Elites Mobilize the Vernacular: A Case Study of Australian Prime Ministers' Use of ‘Fair Go’ Rhetoric
Authors: Petter Pandanus H. , Howard Cosmo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrime ministers often use vernacularisms in their political rhetoric, but we know little about how they deploy these forms of speech and the consequences for politics and policy. This article extends work on the ‘rhetorical PM’ by focusing on how leaders deploy idiomatic expressions in their oratory. The article presents a thematic analysis of four successive Australian prime ministers' use of the country's distinctive ‘fair go’ expression in speeches and media interviews between 1972 and 1996. Australian PMs increasingly invoked the ‘fair go’ expression throughout this period for multiple rhetorical purposes, including to make national identity claims, engage in partisan competition and justify policy reforms with strong neoliberal elements. While prevailing scholarship sees ‘vernacular politics’ as a tool of grassroots actors opposing discourses of globalization and elite-driven reform, this research shows the vernacular is a versatile rhetorical tool mobilized by elites for multiple purposes, including to justify radical policy change.