bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excited‐State Behavior and Photoionization of 1,8‐Acridinedione Dyes in Micelles—Comparison with NADH Oxidation
Authors: Selvaraju Chellappan , Ramamurthy Perumal 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe photophysics and photochemistry of 1,8‐acridinedione dyes, which are analogues of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), are studied in anionic and cationic micelles. Acridinedione dyes (ADDs) are solubilized in micelles at the micelle–water interface and are in equilibrium between the aqueous and micellar phase. The binding of the ADDs with micelles is attributed to hydrophobic interactions and the binding constants are determined with steady‐state and time‐resolved techniques. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis studies are carried out in aqueous, anionic, and cationic micellar solutions. The ADD undergoes photoionization in the excited state to give a solvated electron. The solvated electron reacts with the ADD to give an anion radical. In anionic micelles, the yield of the solvated electron increases because of the efficient separation of the cation radical and the electron. Cation radicals derived from the photooxidation of ADDs are involved in keto–enol tautomerization. Under acidic conditions, an enol radical cation of the acridinedione dye is formed from the keto form of the cation radical by intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer. In cationic micelles, due to electrostatic attraction, the electron cannot escape from the micelle and recombination of the cation radical and the electron results in the formation of a triplet state. For the first time, a solvated electron is observed in the laser flash photolysis of ADDs in anionic micelles. The photoionization of ADDs depends on the excitation wavelength and is biphotonic at 355 nm and monophotonic at 248 nm. From the results with this NADH model compound, the sequential electron–proton–electron transfer oxidation of NADH is confirmed and the nature of the intermediates involved in the oxidation is unraveled; these intermediates are found to depend on the pH value of the medium.
Fat bloom in chocolate and compound coatings
Authors: Lonchampt Pierre , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough bloom in chocolates and compound coatings has been studied for many decades, the specific mechanisms of fat bloom still remain largely unknown. Furthermore, it is generally considered that the mechanisms for fat bloom formation in chocolate are different than those for compound coatings.After a brief review of chocolates and compound coatings, we summarize past studies on fat bloom formation in both products. A comparison of the effects of various parameters on bloom formation, either as accelerators or inhibitors, provides insight into the similarities and differences in these phenomena.Based on this analysis, a global view of the mechanisms of bloom formation in both chocolates and compound coatings is suggested.
α2β1 integrin‐specific collagen‐mimetic surfaces supporting osteoblastic differentiation
Authors: Reyes Catherine D. , García Andrés J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe interactions of osteoblasts with their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for skeletal development, homeostasis, and maintenance of the mature osteoblastic phenotype. Integrins are the principal transducers of ECM signals that regulate this process of osteoblast commitment and differentiation. Several studies indicate that the α2β1 integrin interaction with type I collagen is a crucial signal for the induction of osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Integrin α2β1 recognizes the Gly‐Phe‐Hyp‐Gly‐Glu‐Arg (GFOGER) motif in residues 502–507 of the α1[I] chain of type I collagen. This study demonstrates that an α2β1 integrin‐specific GFOGER peptide triggers the activation of focal adhesion kinase and alkaline phosphatase in MC3T3‐E1 murine immature osteoblast‐like cells, two events that have been implicated in the osteoblastic differentiation pathway. These GFOGER‐peptide surfaces also support the expression of multiple osteoblast‐specific genes, including osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein, and induce matrix mineralization in a manner similar to type I collagen. This triple‐helical peptide represents a promising surface modification strategy for the design of collagen‐mimetic bioadhesive surfaces that support osteoblastic differentiation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 591–600, 2004
Stage‐dependent modulation of limb regeneration by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)—immunocytochemical evidence of a CAPE‐evoked delay in mesenchyme formation and limb regeneration
Authors: Brudzynski Katrina , Carlone Robert 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural compound of bee propolis, selectively inhibits proliferation of transformed cells in several cancer models in vitro. To examine in vivo CAPE function, we used the newt regeneration blastema as a model system wherein the processes of de‐differentiation and subsequent proliferation of undifferentiated cells mimic changes associated with oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. We have shown that a single dose of CAPE significantly increased cell proliferation at the stages of blastema growth and re‐differentiation. At the de‐differentiation stage, CAPE significantly stimulated proliferation of wound epidermis keratinocytes, but decreased proliferation in the blastema mesenchyme. Immunohistochemistry with a mesenchymal cell marker, vimentin, revealed a highly significant reduction of vimentin staining in the mesenchyme of CAPE‐treated regenerates (p<0.001). These results, together with morphological observations indicate that, at the de‐differentiation stage, CAPE stimulated wound re‐epithelization, increased keratinocyte proliferation and increased thickness of the wound epidermis. However, CAPE inhibited mesenchyme formation and proliferation. The functional consequence of the CAPE inhibitory action was a delay in limb regeneration. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:389–400, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and expression of Furin mRNA in the ovary of the medaka, Oryzias latipes
Authors: Ogiwara Katsueki , Shinohara Masakazu , Takahashi Takayuki 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA cDNA for furin was cloned from the ovary of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, by a combination of cDNA library screening, 5';–rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and 3'– RACE. The cDNA sequence codes for a protein of 814 amino acid residues highly homologous to other vertebrate furins, Ca2+‐dependent serine proteases belonging to the subtilysin‐like proprotein convertase family. The medaka preprofurin consists of a leader sequence, a propeptide with autoactivation sites, a Kex2–like catalytic domain, a P domain, a cysteine‐rich domain, a putative transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The catalytic triad residues (Asp–164, His–205, and Ser–379) were all conserved. Furin mRNA was expressed in many tissues of this, including the ovary. In the ovary, the greatest expression of furin mRNA occurred in oocytes of small growing follicles, as demonstrated by Northern blotting, RT‐PCR, and in situ hybridization analysis. Temporary and spatial expression patterns of the medaka fish furin were similar to those of stromelysin–3 and MT5–MMP during oocyte growth and postnatal development. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:449–459, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uptake of MnCl2 and mangafodipir trisodium in the myocardium: A magnetic resonance imaging study in pigs
Authors: Eriksson Rolf , Johansson Lars , Bjerner Tomas , Briley Saebo Karen , Ahlström Håkan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo examine the changes in the longitudinal relaxation times (ΔR1) induced in pig myocardium and blood following injections of 5, 10, and 15 μmol mangafodipir trisodium (Mn‐DPDP) or MnCl2/kg of body weight (b.w.).Materials and MethodsTwelve pigs were divided into two groups, one group receiving MnCl2 and the other receiving Mn‐DPDP. Three consecutive doses of contrast agent (5, 10, and 15 μmol/kg of b.w.) were injected in each animal with a 40‐minute time interval between each dose. Measurements of T1 in blood and myocardium were made 5, 15, 25, and 35 minutes after each injection. Additionally, relaxivity measurements in blood samples were performed.ResultsAn increase in myocardial R1 was observed for both contrast agents at all concentration levels tested. This increase peaked 5 minutes after injection and then declined. An increase could still be detected 35 minutes after injection. The effect was larger when using MnCl2 than when using Mn‐DPDP.ConclusionThe dissociation kinetics of Mn2+ from the DPDP ligand limits the relaxation increase of Mn‐DPDP relative to that of MnCl2. On the other hand, the toxicity of MnCl2 may exclude it from clinical use. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:564–569. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival analysis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Predictive value of choline‐to‐n‐acetylaspartate index, apparent diffusion coefficient, and relative cerebral blood volume
Authors: Oh Joonmi , Henry Roland G. , Pirzkall Andrea , Lu Ying , Li Xiaojuan , Catalaa Isabelle , Chang Susan , Dillon William P. , Nelson Sarah J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential value of pre‐external‐beam radiation therapy (XRT) choline‐to‐NAA (N‐acetylaspartate) index (CNI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) for predicting survival in newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with GBM were studied using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) and diffusion‐ and perfusion‐weighted imaging after surgery but prior to XRT. Patients were categorized on the basis of their volumes of morphologic and metabolic abnormalities (volume of CNI ≥ 2 and CNI values), normalized ADC (nADC), or rCBV values within the T1 contrast‐enhancing and T2 regions. The median survival time was compared.ResultsA significantly shorter median survival time was observed for patients with a large volume of metabolic abnormality than for those with a small abnormality (12.0 and 17.1 months, respectively, P = 0.002). A similar pattern was observed for patients with a low mean nADC value compared to those with high mean nADC value within the T2 region (11.2 and 21.7 months, respectively, P = 0.004). A shorter median survival time was also observed for patients with contrast‐enhancing residual disease than for those without the presence of contrast enhancement with marginal significance.ConclusionThe pre‐XRT volume of the metabolic abnormality and the nADC value within the T2 region may be valuable in predicting outcome for patients with GBM. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:546–554. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature and SAR calculations for a human head within volume and surface coils at 64 and 300 MHz
Authors: Collins Christopher M. , Liu Wanzhan , Wang Jinghua , Gruetter Rolf , Vaughan J. Thomas , Ugurbil Kamil , Smith Michael B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo examine relationships between specific energy absorption rate (SAR) and temperature distributions in the human head during radio frequency energy deposition in MRI.Materials and MethodsA multi‐tissue numerical model of the head was developed that considered thermal conductivity, heat capacity, perfusion, heat of metabolism, electrical properties, and density. Calculations of SAR and the resulting temperature increase were performed for different coils at different frequencies.ResultsBecause of tissue‐dependant perfusion rates and thermal conduction, there is not a good overall spatial correlation between SAR and temperature increase. When a volume coil is driven to induce a head average SAR level of either 3.0 or 3.2 W/kg, it is unlikely that a significant temperature increase in the brain will occur due to its high rate of perfusion, although limits on SAR in any 1 g of tissue in the head may be exceeded.ConclusionAttempts to ensure RF safety in MRI often rely on assumptions about local temperature from local SAR levels. The relationship between local SAR and local temperature is not, however, straightforward. In cases where high SAR levels are required due to pulse sequence demands, calculations of temperature may be preferable to calculations of SAR because of the more direct relationship between temperature and safety. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:650–656. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diaphragmatic motion in the sitting and supine positions: Healthy subject study using a vertically open magnetic resonance system
Authors: Takazakura Ryutaro , Takahashi Masashi , Nitta Norihisa , Murata Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine the postural difference of diaphragmatic motion between the sitting and supine positions.Materials and MethodsA total of 10 healthy men were examined using a vertically open 0.5‐T magnetic resonance (MR) system. A total of 40 sequential MR images were obtained in both the sitting and supine positions during two to five respiratory cycles. The diaphragmatic excursions (DEs) were measured on three diaphragmatic points of six sagittal planes for both positions. The differences in DEs between the anterior and posterior parts of the diaphragm were also determined.ResultsDEs in the supine position were significantly greater than those in the sitting position at 15 of the 18 points. In five of the six sagittal planes, the difference of DE between posterior and anterior points was significantly larger in the supine position than in the sitting position.ConclusionDiaphragmatic movement in the supine position is greater than that in the sitting position, especially in the posterior part of the diaphragm. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:605–609. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emotional intelligence and competitive advantage: examining the relationship from a resource‐based view
Authors: Voola Ranjit , Carlson Jamie , West Andrew 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBe the change that you want to see in the worldMahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)

Leaders have an essential role in facilitating strategic change within organizations. As resistance to change is primarily an emotional reaction to change, the study of emotions and the emotional intelligence of the leader is of growing interest in modern organizations.
From a strategic perspective, the process of how the emotional intelligence of a leader contributes to competitive advantage for an organization is unclear.
Based on the resource‐based view of the firm, this paper introduces a framework that links emotional intelligence to competitive advantage. Essentially, it is argued that emotional intelligence leads indirectly to competitive advantage by influencing the leadership capability necessary for implementing effective strategic change.
In the current volatile business environment, it is argued that organizations possessing emotionally intelligent leaders will be more likely to obtain competitive advantage. Suggestions for organizations are discussed and directions for future research are also presented.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin
Authors: Newlin Heather E. , Zlotecki Robert A. , Morris Christopher G. , Hochwald Steven N. , Riggs Charles E. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo define the optimal treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the anal margin.MethodsNineteen patients treated with curative intent by radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (CTX) between 1979 and June 2000 were analyzed. The pertinent literature was reviewed and discussed as it related to our experience.ResultsLocal control after RT or RT and CTX was observed in all 19 patients (100%). One T1 patient developed inguinal lymph node metastases and subsequently died secondary to regional and distant disease. This patient did not receive elective inguinal node RT; the lymph nodes of the other 18 patients in this analysis were irradiated. Four patients died of intercurrent disease at 25, 29, 37, and 113 months after RT, respectively. The remaining 14 patients were alive and disease‐free from 52 to 143 months after treatment. No patient suffered a severe complication or required a diverting colostomy or an abdominoperineal resection (APR) after treatment. Review of the literature reveals that the probability of cure is similar after RT alone or combined with CTX compared with surgery. Therefore, the choice of treatment depends on the anticipated functional result.ConclusionsPatients with SCCA of the anal margin have a high likelihood of cure with sphincter preservation after RT or RT and CTX. Patients with well to moderately differentiated T1 tumors may undergo excision if it can be accomplished without compromising the sphincter. The remainder are treated with RT. Adjuvant CTX is indicated for those with T3–T4 tumors and/or involved regional nodes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:55–62. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3. Acetate manufacturing, process and technology 3.1 Chemistry of cellulose acetylation
Authors: Steinmeier Hans 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNowadays Celluloseacetate is mainly produced with the acetic acid process. After an activation with acetic acid and sulfuric acid the acetylation of the cellulose starts by adding acetic anhydride. The temperature and the catalyst concentration play an important role for the reaction. Beneath acetylation also degradation of the cellulose chains occurs. In the first step of the process cellulosetriacetate is formed. In a second step, the hydrolysis, several acetyl groups are removed to achieve an average degree of substitution of 2,5. The water content in this step influences the acetyl distribution.
5.4 Properties and applications of cellulose triacetate film
Authors: Sata Hiroaki , Murayama Masahiko , Shimamoto Shu 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe CTA film can be characterized by e.g. its relatively high moisture regain, significantly low birefringence, and moderate mechanical strength. Having been commercialized more than fifty years ago, it has been widely used as photographic film, protective film for polarizing plate, and optical compensation film for liquid crystal display (LCD). The photographic film application exploits the optical isotropy and unique physical properties of the CTA film. In the application of the CTA film to protective film for polarizing plate, its low in‐plane birefringence is of particular importance. In the optical compensation to enhance the viewing angle of LCD, the CTA film, because of its moderate retardation in thickness direction (Rth), serves as an element of compensator as well as a base film. Considering the growth of the LCD market, the demand for CTA film is believed to be further expanding.
Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson's disease: Subjective improvement of motor symptoms
Authors: Venderová Kateřina , Růžička Evžen , Voříšek Viktor , Višňovský Peter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn anonymous questionnaire sent to all patients attending the Prague Movement Disorder Centre revealed that 25% of 339 respondents had taken cannabis and 45.9% of these described some form of benefit. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Falls and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: A review of two interconnected, episodic phenomena
Authors: Bloem Bastiaan R. , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Visser Jasper E. , Giladi Nir 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFalls and freezing of gait are two “episodic” phenomena that are common in Parkinson's disease. Both symptoms are often incapacitating for affected patients, as the associated physical and psychosocial consequences have a great impact on the patients' quality of life, and survival is diminished. Furthermore, the resultant loss of independence and the treatment costs of injuries add substantially to the health care expenditures associated with Parkinson's disease. In this clinically oriented review, we summarise recent insights into falls and freezing of gait and highlight their similarities, differences, and links. Topics covered include the clinical presentation, recent ideas about the underlying pathophysiology, and the possibilities for treatment. A review of the literature and the current state‐of‐the‐art suggests that clinicians should not feel deterred by the complex nature of falls and freezing of gait; a careful clinical approach may lead to an individually tailored treatment, which can offer at least partial relief for many affected patients. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
CSF B‐cell expansion in opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome: A biomarker of disease activity
Authors: Pranzatelli Michael R. , Travelstead Anna L. , Tate Elizabeth D. , Allison Tyler J. , Verhulst Steven J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLack of a biomarker of disease activity has hindered the therapy of childhood opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome (OMS), which is purported to be mediated humorally. To determine if the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) B lymphocyte, which may traffic into the central nervous system (CNS) to produce antibody locally, is one such biomarker, B lymphocytes were immunophenotyped in the CSF and blood of 56 children with OMS and 26 pediatric controls by dual‐laser flow cytometry. Neurological severity was rated blindly from videotapes using a validated 12‐item motor evaluation scale. Children with OMS manifested a 4‐ to 7‐fold higher percentage of total B‐cells in CSF (P < 0.0001), including CD5+ (P = 0.001) and CD5− (P = 0.0004) B‐cell subsets, compared with controls, in whom the percentages were negligible and unchanging with age. CSF expansion of both B‐cell subsets increased with disease severity and decreased with disease duration (P ≤ 0.0001, ANOVA). Previous treatment with conventional immunotherapies, chemotherapy, or tumor resection had not normalized B‐cell percentages in those with lingering symptoms. These studies reveal that CSF B‐cell expansion in OMS is characteristic and often persistent. Presence of the autoreactive CD5+ B‐cell subset and correlations with neurological severity and disease duration suggest CSF B‐cell expansion is a biomarker of disease activity and possible target for B‐cell–specific therapy. Immunophenotyping of CSF lymphocytes by flow cytometry yields valuable clinical information missed by routine studies and allows crucial treatment decisions to be made rapidly. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Molecular characterization of the 32 kDa boar sperm protease
Authors: Pyoung Ilsun , Yi Lee S.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purified 32 kDa boar sperm protease, known as the 32 kDa sperminogen, was identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Northern blot analysis following its partial peptide sequencing. The 32 kDa boar sperm protease was purified from the acid extracts of boar spermatozoa and subjected to CNBr‐digestion. The most prominently digested 30 kDa product was purified by HPLC and its peptide sequence was analyzed. NCBI Blast search of the analyzed 21 amino acid sequence revealed that the sequence matched 91% with that of proacrosin. DNA primer was deduced from the analyzed peptide sequence and the 32 kDa protease was further identified by RT‐PCR. Upon RT‐PCR, 1 Kbp DNA fragment was amplified, which is the expected length if the product was amplified from the proacrosin mRNA, implying that there is no separate mRNA for the 32 kDa sperminogen. To confirm these results, Northern blot analysis was performed. Four DNA probes generated from the exons of proacrosin genomic DNA sequence all detected a single species of mRNA, suggesting that there is no separate mRNA for the 32 kDa sperminogen which might be produced either from the potential separate 32 kDa sperminogen gene or by differential splicing from proacrosin mRNA. These results strongly suggest that the 32 kDa protease is part of the proacrosin/acrosin system, and that the 32 kDa sperminogen might be formed from post‐translational processing of proacrosin. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 354–358, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.