bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Boosting Method for Mitigating Ethnicity and Age Group Unfairness
Authors: Colakovic Ivona , Karakatič Sašo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMachine learning algorithms make decisions in various fields, thus influencing people’s lives. However, despite their good quality, they can be unfair to certain demographic groups, perpetuating socially induced biases. Therefore, this paper deals with a common unfairness problem, unequal quality of service, that appears in classification when age and ethnicity groups are used. To tackle this issue, we propose an adaptive boosting algorithm that aims to mitigate the existing unfairness in data. The proposed method is based on the AdaBoost algorithm but incorporates fairness in the calculation of the instance’s weight with the goal of making the prediction as good as possible for all ages and ethnicities. The results show that the proposed method increases the fairness of age and ethnicity groups while maintaining good overall quality compared to traditional classification algorithms. The proposed method achieves the best accuracy in almost every sensitive feature group. Based on the extensive analysis of the results, we found that when it comes to ethnicity, interestingly, White people are likely to be incorrectly classified as not being heroin users, whereas other groups are likely to be incorrectly classified as heroin users.
Topology optimization of shell structures in architectural design
Authors: Ma Jiaming , Lu Hongjia , Lee Ting-Uei , Liu Yuanpeng , Bao Ding Wen , Xie Yi Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFree-form architectural design has gained significant interest in modern architectural practice. Due to their visually appealing nature and inherent structural efficiency, free-form shells have become increasingly popular in architectural applications. Recently, topology optimization has been extended to shell structures, aiming to generate shell designs with ultimate structural efficiency. However, despite the huge potential of topology optimization to facilitate new design for shells, its architectural applications remain limited due to complexity and lack of clear procedures. This paper presents four design strategies for optimizing free-form shells targeting architectural applications. First, we propose a topology-optimized ribbed shell system to generate free-form rib layouts possessing improved structure performance. A reusable and recyclable formwork system is developed for their effective and sustainable fabrication. Second, we demonstrate that topology optimization can be combined with funicular form-finding techniques to generate a rich variety of elegant designs, offering new design possibilities. Third, we offer cost-effective design solutions using modular components for free-form shells by combining surface planarization and periodic constraint. Finally, we integrate topology optimization with user-defined patterns on free-form shells to facilitate aesthetic expression, exemplified by the Voronoi pattern. The presented strategies can facilitate the usage of topology optimization in shell designs to achieve high-performance and innovative solutions for architectural applications.
‘Mutuality in mission’: studying the scholarly ideals and practices of Frans J. Verstraelen and Gerdien Verstraelen-Gilhuis (1942–89)
Authors: Kompier Sjoerd 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article sheds light on the scholarly ideal of mutuality in the work of the missiologist, Frans J. Verstraelen, and the historian, Gerdien Verstraelen-Gilhuis. The couple were active in Zambia in the 1970s and devoutly Christian. Stemming from the theology of mission, mutuality refers to mutual assistance between ‘localized’ churches relating to personnel, material resources and, importantly, ideas. The ideal was posited during mission conferences and the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) in an effort to alter the relationship between former colonial metropoles and churches in newly independent countries. By highlighting different types of sources from the Verstraelen Collection, an image emerges of how the ideal of mutuality manifested itself in scholarly practices of fieldwork and knowledge dissemination. This study was inspired by Larissa Schulte Nordholt’s recent doctoral research on the drafting process of UNESCO’s General History of Africa (1964–1998). In scholarly personae and ideals she identified a useful lens through which to explore how processes of knowledge production on the African continent changed along with political decolonization.
Africa and African languages in the SOAS Library’s Special Collections
Authors: Akhoun-Schwarb Dominique 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London) Library is one of only five National Research Libraries in the UK and one of the most important academic libraries for the study of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The African Language Collection at SOAS is unique in the UK and Europe in terms of its linguistic span and significance. The Library seeks to acquire material in and on all languages present on the African continent, not just those taught and researched at SOAS. The range of material within the Main Library collection and the history of the collection will be briefly evoked, before I bring the focus back to the items about African studies and/or from Africa that are held in the Special Collections of the Library. Those collections include archival collections, rare books collections (including discrete sub-collections of published material such as libraries from missionaries’ societies and/or academic scholars) and manuscripts in African languages. After briefly describing those collections, I point to ways of accessing them. I conclude this short overview by highlighting a few of the challenges of curating publications and manuscripts in African languages.
Chilembwe in Trafalgar Square – an appraisal
Authors: Stuart-Mogg David T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn September 2022 Samson Kambalu attracted international attention when his 5.5 metre statue of John Chilembwe, who led a brief, bloody and ultimately unsuccessful revolt against British colonial rule in Nyasaland in 1915, was displayed on the fourth plinth in London’s Trafalgar Square. This impressive statue towers above an accompanying statue of British missionary, the Rev. John Chorley, who was then Chilembwe’s only known white friend and confidant. The reason for their disparate heights is stated to be an indicator of their respective relevance and locus each to the other in Malawi’s rich history. The artistic merit of the statues is unquestioned. Unfortunately, an apparent lack of rigour in providing historical context to the statues may have unwittingly detracted from the already well known, powerful and compelling story of John Chilembwe. This article seeks to redress the balance in terms of historical accuracy and provide timely context to Chilembwe’s aspirations, tribulations and untimely death at the hands of African police.
A biblio-historiographical study of doctoral theses in history at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 1961–21
Authors: Amusa Saheed Balogun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDoctoral studies have remained the most advanced training for potential academics and scholars all over the world. Also, the research products of doctoral studies, that is, doctoral theses, are the flagships of original research efforts from universities and research institutes across the globe. Against this background, this paper examines the growth and development of doctoral training in the Department of History of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. It also provides bibliographic and historiographical analyses of the twenty-nine doctoral theses submitted to the Department in its sixty years of existence from 1961 to 2021. It shows that doctoral research outputs from the Department are based on oral, ethnographic and documentary evidence on major historical developments in the pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial Yorubaland, Nigeria, and neighbouring West African states like Benin Republic and the Gambia. The article concludes that doctoral training and theses at Ife have resulted in landmark historical publications and have produced renowned historians who are making scholarly waves within and outside Nigeria.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales incidence in the South-East Asia region: an observational study
Authors: Linn Kyaw Zaw , Sutjipto Stephanie , Ng Oon Tek , Teo Jeanette , Cherng Benjamin Pei Zhi , Tan Thean Yen , Pada Surinder Kaur , Ooi Say Tat , Smitasin Nares , Thoon Koh Cheng , Huan Xiaowei , De Partha Pratim , Chan Douglas , Tee Nancy Wen Sim , Ang Michelle , Hsu Li Yang , Lin Raymond Tzer Pin , Ng Tong Yong , Deepak Rama Narayana , Koh Tse Hsien , Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Venkatachalam Indumathi , Marimuthu Kalisvar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an initial increase in the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) from clinical cultures in South-East Asia hospitals, which was unsustained as the pandemic progressed. Conversely, there was a decrease in CRE incidence from surveillance cultures and overall combined incidence. Further studies are needed for future pandemic preparedness.
Engaging youth as citizen scientists to determine health needs of New Brunswick adults
Authors: Heinert Sara W. , Ciezak Joanne , Clifford Jeremiah , Cunningham Tamara , Aamir Affan , Penugonda Ananya , Hudson Shawna V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Community health needs assessments (CHNAs) are important tools to determine community health needs, however, populations that face inequities may not be represented in existing data. The use of mixed methods becomes essential to ensure the needs of underrepresented populations are included in the assessment. We created an in-school public health course where students acted as citizen scientists to determine health needs in New Brunswick, New Jersey adults. By engaging members of their own community, students reached more representative respondents and health needs of the local community than a CHNA completed by the academic hospital located in the same community as the school which relies on many key health statistics provided at a county level. New Brunswick adults reported significantly more discrimination, fewer healthy behaviors, more food insecurity, and more barriers to accessing healthcare than county-level participants. New Brunswick participants had significantly lower rates of health conditions but also had significantly lower rates of health screenings and higher rates of barriers to care. Hospitals should consider partnering with local schools to engage students to reach populations that face inequities, such as individuals who do not speak English, to obtain more representative CHNA data.
Paper Trails: Exposing Racism in the History of School Finance
Authors: Cyna Esther 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHow can we better situate resource inequities between schools in the longer history of racial oppression and discrimination in the United States? This article provides both a historiographical panorama of the field on a range of topics related to school finance and a roadmap of archival and research paths. It seeks to sketch out the contours of a burgeoning field to show that historians of school finance have the potential to make racial dispossession a central tenet of their analyses. First, I lay out a longer timeline for the periodization of school finance history than most of the previous scholarship has adopted to recast school funding inequality within the racialized context of land and capital dispossession. Second, I situate school finance more explicitly in US political history, showing how the study of school funding policies can illuminate major historiographical debates such as the history of tax revolts, federalism, local governance, and the development of US capitalism. Finally, I chart some of the directions historians can follow to study a wider array of school finance policies beyond the surface of state school funding formulae to make the role of policymakers at all levels of education policy more visible, and to further ground school finance developments in their racial contexts.
Paulus, der „Sklave Christi Jesu“ (Gal 1,10; Röm 1,1; Phil 1,1), im Lichte des römischen Rechts
Authors: Becker Eve-Marie , Babusiaux Ulrike 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn Gal 1:10, Rom 1:1, and Phil 1:1 Paul refers to himself as δοῦλος Χριστοῦ (Ἰησοῦ). This self-designation is open to interpretation. What is the function of this claim of roles, which is slightly varied syntagmatically in the three passages mentioned, i.e., tends to be linguistically flexible on Paul's part and thus adapted to the context in each case? The present contribution is intended to expand the interpretive framework with an aspect that has been rather neglected in previous Pauline research, when it invokes the interpretive context of Roman law. For it is Roman law that is of particular interest for the self-definition as a slave. In Roman legal discourse, which finds universal application through the ius gentium as the ‘law of all men' (Gaius 1.1), i.e. also application to non-Romans or the peregrinus, the scope of action for slaves in relation to their ‘masters' is also conceptually determined by taking into account the ‘human characteristic of the slave'. Within the interpretive framework of ancient Roman law, therefore, those lines of meaning in Pauline self-fashioning as δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ that reveal self-designation in subordination to Christ as enabling ambition, zeal, honour, and success are particularly revealing. These aspects include (1) the Pauline description of status and the legitimation and exposition of his (2) relationship to the “Lord”, the description of (3) his areas of work and responsibilities, and his (4) socio-economic living conditions and lifestyle. Thus, against the background of ancient Roman law, which primarily focused on its pragmatisation rather than problematising the socio-historical reality of slaves or the moral-philosophical attitude toward slavery, certain aspects of Paul's understanding of himself and his apostolate can be more sharply defined.
The Subscriptions to Mark's Gospel and History of Reception
Authors: Elmelund Conrad Thorup , Wasserman Tommy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article surveys the subscriptions to the Gospel of Mark in 157 Greek manuscripts, noting their gradual development from being identical to the title in the earliest phase to becoming more and more elaborate and significant for the history of interpretation. Early on, as reflected in the title, the Second Gospel was associated with Mark, known to be Peter's disciple and interpreter. In the fourth or fifth century, an editor added the information that it was written (or spoken) by Mark in Latin in Rome as reflected in the Peshitta and later Byzantine manuscripts. At some point between the seventh and ninth centuries, an unknown editor added dates for each of the four Gospels from a source which has been attributed to Hippolytus’ Chronicle, and in the process made a cascading error which resulted in too early dates for Mark, Luke and John. In the archetype of Family 13, these traditions were combined which suggests that the archetype of Family 13 is no earlier than the eighth century. A main factor behind this gradual growth of the subscriptions is authentication and authorisation – in the case of the Second Gospel, the association with Mark and Peter legitimates its claim of apostolicity and orthodoxy. Moreover, the situating of each Gospel in time and space through the subscriptions not only satisfies human curiosity but contributes to the construction of an ancient Christian ‘landscape of memory’, reflecting the collective memory of the early Christians, thus shaping and enhancing their identity.
Direct Copying in a Group of Gospel Manuscripts with Catenae
Authors: Patton Andrew J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFour of the witnesses selected for the Editio Critica Maior of Mark are witnesses to a unique combination of catena commentaries on the Gospels not found in any other manuscripts. An analysis of their text in the Gospel of Mark, using the tools of the Coherence-Based Genealogical Method, shows that they also feature an almost identical form of the biblical text that frequently diverges from both the Majority Text and all other Greek New Testament manuscripts. These four manuscripts, GA 238, GA 377, GA 807 and GA 1160, therefore, constitute a group within the textual tradition of the Gospels. This article provides the evidence that GA 377 is a direct copy of GA 807. No other instances of direct copying can be proven within the group, but their agreement raises the possibility that they are siblings. The format of the catenae may explain the high degree of homogeneity in this group of Gospels manuscripts.
Injection drug use and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: A retrospective cohort study at an HIV/AIDS referral hospital in Tokyo, 2013–2022
Authors: Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Saito Makoto , Adachi Eisuke , Koga Michiko , Okushin Kazuya , Tsutsumi Takeya , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use injection drugs (MSM-IDU) are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but the long-term incidence is unclear. We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study using the clinical records of non-haemophilia men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who visited the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT) Hospital, located in Tokyo, Japan, from 2013 to 2022. We analysed 575 patients including 62 heterosexual males and 513 MSM patients, of whom 6.8% (35/513) were injection drug use (IDU). Compared to non-IDU MSM, MSM-IDU had a higher incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) (44.8 vs 3.5 /1,000 person-years (PY); incidence rate ratio (IRR) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)], 12.8 [5.5–29.3], p < 0.001) and syphilis (113.8 vs 53.3 /1,000 PY; IRR, 2.1 [1.4–3.1], p < 0.001). The incidence of other symptomatic STIs (amoebiasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea infections) was <4/1,000 PY. In multivariable Poisson regression analysis, HCV incidence was associated with MSM (IRR, 1.8 × 106 [9.9 × 105–3.4 × 106], p < 0.001), IDU (IRR, 10.1 [4.0–25.6], p < 0.001), and syphilis infection during the study period (IRR, 25.0 [1.2–518.3]/time/year, p < 0.001). Among men with HIV, the prevalence of IDU in MSM and the long-term incidence of STIs in MSM-IDU were high. IDU and sexual contact are important modes of transmission of HCV among HIV-infected MSM in Tokyo.
Protected zones in context: Exploring the complexity of armed conflicts and their impacts on the protection of biodiversity
Authors: Hsiao Elaine (Lan Yin) , Garside Adrian , Weir Doug , Plumptre Andrew J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtected areas safeguard biodiversity of global ecological importance, even throughout armed conflicts. The International Law Commission's Principles on Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts propose that certain ecologically important areas could be designated as protected zones during armed conflicts. This article uses a geospatial analysis of armed conflicts and Key Biodiversity Areas and three case studies to inform recommendations on how the protection of ecologically important areas could be enhanced through visibility, local actors and international stakeholders as part of a broader interpretation of a protected zone.
Precipitation Oxygen Isotope Changes Over East Asia Driven by Sea Surface Conditions During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Lan Haimao , Yoshimura Kei , Liu Zhongfang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe seasonal changes in East Asian monsoon precipitation during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23,000–19,000 years B.P.) and its isotopic expression remain ambiguous. This study investigates changes in the seasonal precipitation δ18O (δ18Op) over East Asia during the LGM relative to the preindustrial (PI) and the underlying mechanisms using an isotope‐enabled atmospheric general circulation model. We show more depleted δ18Op in summer and a meridional tripolar δ18Op pattern in winter during the LGM compared to the PI. The depletion of summer δ18Op resulted from stronger upstream convective rainout due to the intensification of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In contrast, the mechanisms for winter δ18Op changes were more complicated. With a series of sensitivity tests, we demonstrate that sea surface temperature controlled δ18Op changes across the whole of East Asia in summer and in the southern part of East Asia in winter. The depletion of winter δ18Op in central China arose largely from the suppression of droplet evaporation due to higher snow fraction. Our work provides important insights into the aspect of seasonal isotope changes during the LGM and may help facilitate an improved level of paleoclimatic interpretation of speleothem δ18O records from East Asia.
STK11 loss leads to YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation in human KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Lenahan Sean M. , Sarausky Hailey M. , Deming Paula , Seward David J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSerine Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) loss of function (LoF) correlates with anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in patients with KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The molecular mechanisms governing this observation remain unclear and represent a critical outstanding question in the field of lung oncology. As an initial approach to understand this phenomenon, we knocked-out (KO) STK11 in multiple KRAS-driven, STK11-competent human LUAD cell lines and performed whole transcriptome analyses to identify STK11-loss-dependent differential gene expression. Subsequent pathway enrichment studies highlighted activation of the HIPPO/YAP1 signaling axis, along with the induction of numerous tumor-intrinsic cytokines. To validate that YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation occurs in response to STK11 loss, we pursued YAP1 perturbation as a strategy to restore an STK11-competent gene expression profile in STK11-KO LUAD cell lines. Together, our data link STK11 loss with YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation, including the upregulation of immune-evasion promoting cytokines IL-6, CXCL8 and CXCL2. Further, our results raise the intriguing possibility that YAP1 antagonism may represent a therapeutic approach to counter anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in STK11-null, KRAS-driven LUADs by modulating tumor-intrinsic gene expression to promote a “hot” tumor immune microenvironment.