bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a fixed‐bed column with cellulose/chitin beads to remove heavy‐metal ions
Authors: Zhou Dao , Zhang Lina , Zhou Jinping , Guo Shenlian 
Published: August 2004

AbstractEnvironmental friendly cellulose/chitin beads, having relatively high mechanical properties, were successfully prepared from a blend of cellulose and chitin in 6 wt % NaOH/5 wt % thiourea aqueous solution by coagulating with 5% H2SO4 aqueous solution. The ability of the beads to adsorb Pb2+ in an aqueous solution was measured with a fixed‐bed column. The effects of important parameters, to design an adsorption column of the cellulose/chitin beads for fixed‐bed columns, were investigated. The breakthrough curves for the adsorption behavior indicated that the column performance was improved with decreasing initial lead concentration, ionic strength, flow velocity or bead size, as well as increasing pH dependence and bed height. Column studies showed that constants, calculated from the experimental data, and the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model had a good correlation. The columns were easily regenerated by treating with 0.1 mol/L HCl aqueous solution after the adsorption of metals, providing a simple and economical method for removal and recovery of heavy metals. After four adsorption–desorption cycles, the efficiency of column for the removal of lead was not significantly reduced (not more than 5%). It is shown that heavy‐metal biosorption processes in fixed‐bed columns could give a broad range of potential industrial applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 684–691, 2004
Age‐Related mineralization heterogeneity changes in trabecular bone of the proximal femur
Authors: Bloebaum Roy D. , Lundeen Gregg A. , Shea Jill E. , Whitaker Erin L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAlthough there is extensive documentation in the literature regarding the importance of trabecular bone for proximal femoral integrity and fracture resistance, there remain gaps in our understanding of the basic mineral changes that may occur in trabecular bone attributable to aging. It is unclear what age‐related changes take place in the trabecular bone of the proximal femur, a common fracture site in the elderly. It has been suggested that some explanation for conflicting reports on cancellous bone may be found at a microscopic level. The goal of this study was to document age‐related changes in micromineralization in the proximal femur of Caucasian females using backscattered electron imaging technology. Proximal femurs were obtained from 11 young and 11 elderly females. Sections of bone from the superior and inferior neck and superior and inferior trochanter were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope using the backscatter technique to determine ash percent. Mean ash percent did not change with age in any of the four regions (P > 0.05). However, while the mean ash percent did not change, there was a dramatic increase in variability elderly age group and loss of mineral heterogeneity. This indicates that there are subpopulations with higher or lower ash percents than the mean in the elderly study group in this investigation. While variance changed dramatically, variance within individuals did not change significantly with age (P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that changes in micromineralization may occur within an individual, adding a possible new dimension to our understanding of fracture risk in the elderly. Future studies should examine a longer population base to confirm this observation. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new marker for osteoarthritis: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal approach
Authors: Reijman M. , Hazes J. M. W. , Bierma‐Zeinstra S. M. A. , Koes B. W. , Christgau S. , Christiansen C. , Uitterlinden A. G. , Pols H. A. P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between urinary concentrations of C‐telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (CTX‐II) and the prevalence and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip.MethodsThe study population consisted of a sample of 1,235 men and women ages ≥55 years who were enrolled in the Rotterdam Study (a population‐based cohort study) and who were followed up for a mean of 6.6 years. Prevalent radiographic OA was defined as a Kellgren/Lawrence score ≥2; progression of radiographic OA was defined as a decrease in joint space width.ResultsSubjects with a CTX‐II level in the highest quartile had a 4.2‐fold increased risk of having radiographic OA of the knee (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.5–7.0) and of the hip (95% CI 2.2–7.8) compared with subjects with a CTX‐II level in the lowest quartile. We observed a substantially stronger association between CTX‐II levels and radiographic OA for subjects with hip pain (odds ratio [OR] 20.4, 95% CI 2.3–185.2) than for those without hip pain (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5–6.0). Subjects with a CTX‐II level in the highest quartile had a 6.0‐fold increased risk for progression of radiographic OA at the knee (95% CI 1.2–30.8) and an 8.4‐fold increased risk for progression of radiographic OA at the hip (95% CI 1.0–72.9). All of these associations were found to be independent of known risk factors for OA, such as age, sex, and body mass index.ConclusionThis study shows that CTX‐II is associated with both the prevalence and the progression of radiographic OA at the knee and hip. Importantly, this association is independent of known clinical risk factors for OA and seems stronger in subjects with joint pain.
Induction of interleukin‐1 in articular cartilage by explantation and cutting
Authors: Gruber Johann , Vincent Tonia L. , Hermansson Monika , Bolton Mark , Wait Robin , Saklatvala Jeremy 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of explantation and fine cutting of articular cartilage upon intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways and expression of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1).MethodsCartilage from porcine metacarpophalangeal joints was cultured in serum‐free medium. Tissue extracts were examined for ERK activation by phosphorylated–Western blotting, for JNK and p38 MAPK activity by kinase assay, and for IκBα. IL‐1α and IL‐1β messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. IL‐1 activity was measured by the induction of serum amyloid A protein in cultured chondrocytes.ResultsAll 3 MAPKs (p38, JNK, and ERK) were rapidly activated upon dissection and explantation of the cartilage. IL‐1α and IL‐1β mRNA was also induced: the speed and magnitude of induction were increased if the explants had been finely cut. IL‐1 activity that could be inhibited by IL‐1 receptor antagonist or antibodies to IL‐1α was found in extracts of explants cultured for 20 hours or lysates of cells isolated from them. This activity was likely due to intracellular proIL‐1α that was not secreted. ProIL‐1β would not be detected because it is biologically inactive. The mechanism of inflammatory signaling pathway activation underlying the induction of IL‐1 is unknown.ConclusionExplantation and cutting of articular cartilage activates intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways and induces expression of mRNA for IL‐1α and IL‐1β. Biologically active IL‐1α protein was detectable in cartilage lysates and was probably intracellular proIL‐1α. We were unable to show that IL‐1 was secreted by chondrocytes.
The prototypic tissue pentraxin PTX3, in contrast to the short pentraxin serum amyloid P, inhibits phagocytosis of late apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages
Authors: van Rossum André P. , Fazzini Fausto , Limburg Pieter C. , Manfredi Angelo A. , Rovere‐Querini Patrizia , Mantovani Alberto , Kallenberg Cees G. M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectivePhagocytosis of apoptotic cells can be facilitated by complement components and short pentraxins, such as serum amyloid P (SAP). In contrast, the long pentraxin PTX3 was shown to inhibit phagocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat cells by dendritic cells and to bind late apoptotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Recently, levels of the pentraxin PTX3 were shown to parallel disease activity in small‐vessel vasculitis, which is often characterized by leukocytoclasia, a persistence of leukocyte remnants in the vessel wall. We undertook this study to test our hypothesis that PTX3 inhibits phagocytosis of late apoptotic PMNs by macrophages, thereby leading to their accumulation in the vessel wall.MethodsMacrophages were allowed to phagocytose late apoptotic or secondary necrotic PMNs that were incubated with or without PTX3 for 30 minutes prior to phagocytosis. Phagocytosis was allowed to occur in the presence of 30% normal human serum with or without SAP and with or without depletion of complement. To discriminate between an inhibitory effect of PTX3 on binding and the internalization of apoptotic PMNs into macrophages, internalization was blocked by cytochalasin B.ResultsSAP and complement were both necessary for effective in vitro phagocytosis. In contrast, PTX3 inhibited phagocytosis in a dose‐dependent manner, from 11% inhibition at 6.25 μg/ml to almost complete inhibition at 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, PTX3 partly affected binding of apoptotic PMNs to macrophages.ConclusionPTX3, in contrast to SAP and complement, inhibits phagocytosis of late apoptotic PMNs by monocyte‐derived macrophages in a dose‐dependent manner. Therefore, PTX3 can play a role in the development of leukocytoclasia by affecting the clearance of apoptotic PMNs, thereby inducing their accumulation in the vessel wall.
Shedding of mutant tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1A associated with tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome: Differences between cell types
Authors: Huggins Mary L. , Radford Paul M. , McIntosh Richard S. , Bainbridge Susan E. , Dickinson Peter , Draper‐Morgan Kelly‐Ann , Tighe Patrick J. , Powell Richard J. , Todd Ian 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of mutations in tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1A (TNFRSF1A) on the ability of the receptors to be cleaved from the cell surface upon stimulation. The mutations we studied are associated with clinically distinct forms of TNF receptor–associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). We also investigated different cell types within the same form of TRAPS.MethodsThe shedding of TNFRSF1A in response to stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate was assessed in leukocytes and dermal fibroblasts from patients with C33Y TRAPS, and in HEK 293 cell lines stably transfected with constructs containing wild‐type TNFRSF1A and/or TNFRSF1A mutants identified in TRAPS patients.ResultsThe shedding of TNFRSF1A differed between cell types within the same form of TRAPS. In particular, dermal fibroblasts, but not leukocytes, from C33Y TRAPS patients demonstrated reduced shedding of TNFRSF1A. Shedding of both wild‐type and mutant TNFRSF1A from the transfected HEK 293 cells showed minor differences, but was in all cases induced to a substantial extent.ConclusionDifferences in TNFRSF1A shedding are not purely a function of the TNFRSF1A structure, but are also influenced by other features of genetic makeup and/or cellular differentiation. It is unlikely that a defect in TNFRSF1A shedding per se can fully explain the clinical features that are common to TRAPS patients with different TNFRSF1A mutations.
Central role of complement membrane attack complex in monosodium urate crystal–induced neutrophilic rabbit knee synovitis
Authors: Tramontini Nicole , Huber Colleen , Liu‐Bryan Ru , Terkeltaub Robert A. , Kilgore Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveMonosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals promote gouty inflammation that is critically mediated by neutrophil recruitment and activation. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and closely related chemokines are major neutrophil chemotaxins in experimental gout. But MSU crystals also activate the classical and alternative pathways of complement, and MSU crystals directly cleave C5 on the crystal surface. Unlike IL‐8, the roles in acute gout of individual complement‐derived peptides and of the terminal C5b–9 complement components that comprise the membrane attack complex (MAC) are unclear. Hence, we studied rabbits deficient in the MAC component C6 to determine if MAC mediated urate crystal–induced arthritis.MethodsWe injected C6‐deficient and C6‐sufficient rabbit knee joints with 10 mg of pyrogen‐free urate crystals and analyzed IL‐8 levels, leukocyte influx, and joint inflammation 24 hours later.ResultsThere was a significant decrease (>60%) in swelling in MSU crystal–injected knees of C6‐deficient animals as compared with C6‐sufficient animals (P < 0.05). An attenuated rise in MSU crystal–induced joint effusion levels of IL‐8 also was observed, which was concordant with diminished numbers of neutrophils (P < 0.05) but not monocytes in MSU crystal–induced knee synovial fluid from C6‐deficient animals. Synovial tissue analysis confirmed mononuclear leukocyte infiltration in response to MSU crystal injection in all animals, but substantial neutrophil infiltration only in C6‐sufficient animals.ConclusionMAC activation appears to play a major role in intraarticular IL‐8 generation and in neutrophil recruitment in experimental acute gouty arthritis of the rabbit knee. C6 and MAC activation may represent novel therapeutic targets for suppression of neutrophil‐mediated joint inflammation in gout.
The rise and decline of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug–associated gastropathy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fries James F. , Murtagh Kirsten N. , Bennett Mihoko , Zatarain Ernesto , Lingala Bharathi , Bruce Bonnie 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)–associated gastropathy is a major cause of hospitalization and death. This study was undertaken to examine whether recent preventive approaches have been associated with a declining incidence of NSAID gastropathy, and, if so, what measures may have caused the decline.MethodsWe studied 5,598 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 31,262 patient‐years at 8 sites. We obtained standardized longitudinal information on the patients that had been previously used to establish the incidence of NSAID gastropathy, and also information on patient risk factors and differences in toxicity between NSAIDs. Consecutive patients were followed up with biannual Health Assessment Questionnaires and medical record audits between 1981 and 2000. The major outcome measure was the annual rate of hospitalization involving bleeding, obstruction, or perforation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and related conditions.ResultsRates of GI‐related hospitalizations rose from 0.6% in 1981 to 1.5% in 1992 (P < 0.001), and then declined to 0.5% in 2000 (P < 0.001). The fitted spline curve fit the data well (R2 = 0.70). The period of rise was mainly associated with increasing patient age and the GI risk propensity score. The period of decline was associated with lower doses of ibuprofen and aspirin, a decline in the use of “more toxic” NSAIDs from 52% to 42% of patients, a rise in the use of “safer” NSAIDs from 19% to 48% of patients, and increasing use of proton‐pump inhibitors, but not with change in age, NSAID exposure, or GI risk propensity score.ConclusionThe risk of serious NSAID gastropathy has declined by 67% in these cohorts since 1992. We estimate that 24% of this decline was the result of lower doses of NSAIDs, while 18% was associated with the use of proton‐pump inhibitors and 14% with the use of less toxic NSAIDs. These declines in the incidence of NSAID gastropathy are likely to continue.
Genetic association of cutaneous neonatal lupus with HLA class II and tumor necrosis factor α: Implications for pathogenesis
Authors: Clancy Robert M. , Backer Chelsea B. , Yin Xiaoming , Chang Mary Wu , Cohen Steven R. , Lee Lela A. , Buyon Jill P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveCutaneous neonatal lupus resembles subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), and photosensitivity is a common symptom. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) release by ultraviolet light–exposed keratinocytes may be exaggerated in SCLE patients who have the haplotype TNFα −308A;DRB1*03. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to seek genetic and histologic evidence for a role of TNFα in the pathogenesis of cutaneous neonatal lupus.MethodsDNA was isolated from 83 children (22 with rash, 35 with congenital heart block [CHB], 26 unaffected siblings) and 58 mothers from the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus.ResultsThe −308A allele (associated with higher TNFα production), HLA–DRQB1*02, and HLA–DRB1*03 were each present in the majority of children with rash (64%, 68%, and 64%, respectively). The frequency of all 3 6p alleles occurring together in 1 individual was greater in children with rash than in children who had either CHB or no manifestation of neonatal lupus (59% versus 30%; P = 0.02). This association with neonatal lupus rash was equivalent to published findings in a cohort of patients with SCLE, but significantly greater than the association in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. Prominent TNFα staining in the epidermis was observed in lesional skin from 3 children with rash, but not in skin from a healthy neonate.ConclusionTaken together, the finding of a genetic predisposition to generate increased levels of TNFα following tissue injury and the histologic demonstration of TNFα in the target organ support the notion that this inflammatory cytokine plays a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous neonatal lupus. Furthermore, the results of these studies provide evidence of a biologic link between neonatal lupus and the rash of SCLE.
Induction of remission of severe and refractory rheumatoid arthritis by allogeneic mixed chimerism
Authors: Burt Richard K. , Oyama Yu , Verda Larissa , Quigley Kathleen , Brush Mary , Yaung Kimberly , Statkute Laisvyde , Traynor Ann , Barr Walter G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis report describes the first allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) performed for the indication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We used nonmyeloablative allogeneic HSCT to treat a 52‐year‐old woman who had treatment‐refractory RA and a poor prognosis (24 swollen and 38 involved joints). She was treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, CAMPATH‐1H, and CD34‐selected HSCT (8 million CD34+ donor cells/kg); the donor was the patient's HLA‐matched, rheumatoid factor–negative sister. One year post‐HSCT, the patient has had no infection except dermatomal varicella‐zoster virus infection and no acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Her RA has remained in remission with no immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory medications. The patient is a mixed chimera, with 55% donor T (CD3+) cells and 70% donor myeloid (CD33+) cells. This is the first published report of allogeneic HSCT performed for the indication of RA. Mixed chimerism has resulted in marked amelioration of RA, without GVHD.
Measuring quality in arthritis care: The Arthritis Foundation's Quality Indicator set for osteoarthritis
Authors: Pencharz James N. , MacLean Catherine H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a comprehensive set of explicit process measures to assess the quality of health care for osteoarthritis and to describe the scientific evidence that supports each measure.MethodsThrough a comprehensive literature review, we developed potential quality measures and a summary of existing data to support or refute the relationship between the processes of care proposed in the indicators and relevant clinical outcomes. The proposed measures and literature summary were presented to a multidisciplinary panel of experts in arthritis and pain. The panel rated each proposed measure for its validity as a measure of health care quality.ResultsAmong 22 measures proposed for osteoarthritis, the expert panel rated 14 as valid measures of health care quality.ConclusionSufficient scientific evidence and expert consensus exist to support a comprehensive set of measures to assess the quality of heath care for osteoarthritis. These measures can be used to gain an understanding of the quality of care for patients with osteoarthritis.
Perceptions of, and willingness to consider, total joint arthroplasty in a population‐based cohort of individuals with disabling hip and knee arthritis
Authors: Hawker Gillian A. , Wright James G. , Badley Elizabeth M. , Coyte Peter C. ,   Toronto Arthroplasty Health Services Research Consortium
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine perceptions of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and how they relate to willingness to consider TJA.MethodsA population‐based survey in Oxford County, Ontario, Canada identified 1,735 subjects ≥55 years with disabling hip or knee arthritis; 435 English‐speaking respondents with no prior TJA and not on a TJA waiting list were invited to participate, and 379 (37.1%) agreed. We assessed demographics; comorbidity; evaluated and perceived arthritis severity; perceived risks, benefits, indications for, and knowledge of TJA; preferred decision‐making style; self efficacy; and willingness to consider TJA by questionnaire.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 67.6 years; 33.5% were willing (definitely or probably) to consider TJA as a treatment option. Willingness was independently associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] <75 versus ≥75 years 2.42, P = 0.01); worse perceived arthritis severity (OR per unit increase 1.30, P < 0.001); perceiving TJA as appropriate for moderate, controlled joint pain (OR 3.29, P = 0.004); walking limited to <1 block (OR 1.99, P = 0.015); the risk of revision as acceptable (OR 3.73, P < 0.001); and friends as an important health information source (OR 2.49, P = 0.01).ConclusionsParticipants overestimated the pain and disability needed to warrant TJA. These misperceptions were strongly associated with unwillingness to consider TJA and should be addressed at a population level.
Frequent mental distress status among adults with arthritis age 45 years and older, 2001
Authors: Strine Tara W. , Hootman Jennifer M. , Okoro Catherine A. , Balluz Lina , Moriarty David G. , Owens Michelle , Mokdad Ali 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo identify characteristics and behaviors among persons with arthritis through evaluation of self‐perceived mental health status.MethodsData were analyzed for adults with arthritis age 45 years or older from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state‐based, random‐digit‐dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults living in the United States.ResultsThe prevalence of frequent mental distress (FMD; ≥14 self‐reported mentally unhealthy days in the past 30 days) among persons with arthritis was 13.4%. Among persons with arthritis, those with FMD as compared with those without FMD were more likely to be underweight and obese than normal weight; they also were more likely to be insufficiently active or inactive than following recommended physical activity guidelines. In addition, those with arthritis and FMD were more likely to report disability and impaired physical and general health than were those with arthritis but without FMD.ConclusionPhysicians should encourage their patients with arthritis and mental distress to participate in educational and behavioral interventions shown to have both physical and psychological benefits.