bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-Molecular-Mass Surface Protein (Lsp) and Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B (MsrB) Contribute to the Ecological Performance of
Lactobacillus reuteri
in the Murine Gut
Authors: Walter Jens , Chagnaud Patrice , Tannock Gerald W. , Loach Diane M. , Dal Bello Fabio , Jenkinson Howard F. , Hammes Walter P. , Hertel Christian 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Members of the genus
Lactobacillus
are common inhabitants of the gut, yet little is known about the traits that contribute to their ecological performance in gastrointestinal ecosystems.
Lactobacillus reuteri
100-23 persists in the gut of the reconstituted
Lactobacillus
-free mouse after a single oral inoculation. Recently, three genes of this strain that were specifically induced (in vivo induced) in the murine gut were identified (38). We report here the detection of a gene of
L. reuteri
100-23 that encodes a high-molecular-mass surface protein (Lsp) that shows homology to proteins involved in the adherence of other bacteria to epithelial cells and in biofilm formation. The three in vivo-induced genes and
lsp
of
L. reuteri
100-23 were inactivated by insertional mutagenesis in order to study their biological importance in the murine gastrointestinal tract. Competition experiments showed that mutation of
lsp
and a gene encoding methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrB) reduced ecological performance. Mutation of
lsp
impaired the adherence of the bacteria to the epithelium of the mouse forestomach and altered colonization dynamics. Homologues of
lsp
and
msrB
are present in the genomes of several strains of
Lactobacillus
and may play an important role in the maintenance of these bacteria in gut ecosystems.
Assessment of Genotypic Diversity of Antibiotic-Producing
Pseudomonas
Species in the Rhizosphere by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Bergsma-Vlami M. , Prins M. E. , Staats M. , Raaijmakers J. M. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

The genotypic diversity of antibiotic-producing
Pseudomonas
spp. provides an enormous resource for identifying strains that are highly rhizosphere competent and superior for biological control of plant diseases. In this study, a simple and rapid method was developed to determine the presence and genotypic diversity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing
Pseudomonas
strains in rhizosphere samples. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 350-bp fragments of
phlD
, a key gene involved in DAPG biosynthesis, allowed discrimination between genotypically different
phlD
+
reference strains and indigenous isolates. DGGE analysis of the
phlD
fragments provided a level of discrimination between
phlD
+
genotypes that was higher than the level obtained by currently used techniques and enabled detection of specific
phlD
+
genotypes directly in rhizosphere samples with a detection limit of approximately 5 × 10
3
CFU/g of root. DGGE also allowed simultaneous detection of multiple
phlD
+
genotypes present in mixtures in rhizosphere samples. DGGE analysis of 184 indigenous
phlD
+
isolates obtained from the rhizospheres of wheat, sugar beet, and potato plants resulted in the identification of seven
phlD
+
genotypes, five of which were not described previously based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses. Subsequent bioassays demonstrated that eight genotypically different
phlD
+
genotypes differed substantially in the ability to colonize the rhizosphere of sugar beet seedlings. Collectively, these results demonstrated that DGGE analysis of the
phlD
gene allows identification of new genotypic groups of specific antibiotic-producing
Pseudomonas
with different abilities to colonize the rhizosphere of sugar beet seedlings.
Injury outcome indicators: the development of a validation tool: Table 1
Authors: Cryer C , Langley J D , Jarvis S N , Mackenzie S G , Stephenson S C R , Heywood P 
Published: February 2005

Background:Researchers have previously expressed concern about some national indicators of injury incidence and have argued that indicators should be validated before their introduction.Aims:To develop a tool to assess the validity of indicators of injury incidence and to carry out initial testing of the tool to explore consistency on application.Methods:Previously proposed criteria were shared for comment with members of the International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics (ICE) Injury Indicators Group over a period of six months. Immediately after, at a meeting of Injury ICE in Washington, DC in April 2001, revised criteria were agreed over two days of meetings. The criteria were applied, by three raters, to six non-fatal indicators that underpin the national road safety targets for Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Consistency of ratings were judged.Consensus outcome:The development process resulted in a validation tool that comprised criteria relating to: (1) case definition, (2) a focus on serious injury, (3) unbiased case ascertainment, (4) source data for the indicator being representative of the target population, (5) availability of data to generate the indicator, and (6) the existence of a full written specification for the indicator. On application of these criteria to the six road safety indicators, some problems of agreement between raters were identified.Conclusion:This paper has presented an early step in the development of a tool for validating injury indicators, as well as some directions that can be taken in its further development.
Effect of recall on estimation of non-fatal injury rates: a community based study in Tanzania
Authors: Moshiro C , Heuch I , Åstrøm A N , Setel P , Kvåle G 
Published: February 2005

Study objective:To investigate the effect of recall on estimation of non-fatal injury rates in Tanzania.Design:Retrospective population based survey.Setting:Eight branches in an urban area and six villages in a relatively prosperous rural area in Tanzania.Subjects:Individuals of all ages living in households selected by cluster sampling.Main outcome measures:Estimated non-fatal injury rates calculated at each of the 12 recall periods (one to 12 months before the interview).Results:Out of a population of 15 223 persons, 509 individuals reported 516 injuries during the preceding year. Of these 313 (61.5%) were males and 196 (38.5%) females. The data showed notable declining incidence rates from 72 per 1000 person-years when based on a one month recall period to 32.7 per 1000 person-years for a 12 month recall period (55% decline). The decline was found for injuries resulting in fewer than 30 days of disability whereas rates for severe injuries (disability of 30 days or more) did not show a consistent variation with recall period. Decline in injury rates by recall period was higher in rural than in urban areas. Age, sex, and education did not notably affect recall.Conclusions:Longer recall periods underestimate injury rates compared with shorter recall periods. For severe injuries, a recall period of up to 12 months does not affect the rate estimates. It is essential that a recall period of less than three months be used to calculate injury rates for less severe injuries.
Ability of parents to recall the injuries of their young children
Authors: Cummings P , Rivara F P , Thompson R S , Reid R J 
Published: February 2005

Objective:To estimate the ability of parents to recall the injuries of their children.Design:Comparison of parent recall with computerized medical records.Setting:A health maintenance organization in Washington State during 2003.Subjects:Parents of children younger than 6 years.Main outcome measures:The ratio of recalled injuries to injuries in computerized data.Results:Telephone interviews were completed with a parent of 1672 young children who had computerized medical data for at least one injury in the last year. Counting the three most recent treated injuries, the 1672 children had 1896 separate new injuries in the year before interview and parents recalled 1150 of these: recall ratio 0.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58 to 0.63). The recall ratio decreased from 0.82 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.85) for injuries one day before interview to 0.37 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.40) at 365 days before interview. For 341 major injuries the recall ratio was 0.80 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.84), for 202 minor injuries treated in an emergency department or hospital it was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.82), for 597 minor injuries treated in urgent care it was 0.70 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.73), and for 756 minor injuries treated in a clinic it was 0.43 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.47).Conclusions:Recall decreased with time. Recall was best for major injuries, intermediate for minor injuries treated in a hospital, emergency department, or urgent care center, and worst for minor injuries treated in a clinic.
A comparison of two surveillance systems for deaths related to violent injury
Authors: Comstock R D , Mallonee S , Jordan F 
Published: February 2005

Objective:To compare violent injury death reporting by the statewide Medical Examiner and Vital Statistics Office surveillance systems in Oklahoma.Methods:Using a standard study definition for violent injury death, the sensitivity and predictive value positive (PVP) of the Medical Examiner and Vital Statistics violent injury death reporting systems in Oklahoma in 2001 were evaluated.Results:Altogether 776 violent injury deaths were identified (violent injury death rate: 22.4 per 100 000 population) including 519 (66.9%) suicides, 248 (32.0%) homicides, and nine (1.2%) unintentional firearm deaths. The Medical Examiner system over-reported homicides and the Vital Statistics system under-reported homicides and suicides and over-reported unintentional firearm injury deaths. When compared with the standard, the Medical Examiner and Vital Statistics systems had sensitivities of 99.2% and 90.7% (respectively) and PVPs of 95.0% and 99.1% for homicide, sensitivities of 99.2% and 93.1% and PVPs of 100% and 99.0% for suicide, and sensitivities of 100% and 100% and PVPs of 100% and 31.0% for unintentional firearm deaths.Conclusions:Both the Vital Statistics and Medical Examiner systems contain valuable data and when combined can work synergistically to provide violent injury death information while also serving as quality control checks for each other. Preventable errors within both systems can be reduced by increasing training, addressing sources of human error, and expanding computer quality assurance programming. A standardized nationwide Medical Examiners’ coding system and a national violent death reporting system that merges multiple public health and criminal justice datasets would enhance violent injury surveillance and prevention efforts.
Phibun Songkhram And Thai Nationalism in the Fascist Era
Authors: Reynolds Bruce 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
During the late 1930s a political style, generally called 'fascist,' aimed at mobilising nations in the pursuit of expansionist aims had a profound impact around the world. Based on the apparent success of Germany, Italy, and Japan and the impending victory of Francisco Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War, by early 1939 many observers saw fascism as the wave of the future. Among the Asian political leaders strongly influenced by the success of the fascist states was Phibun Songkhram, the military strongman of Thailand, the lone independent nation in Southeast Asia. Phibun and his adviser Wichit Wathakan promoted a jingoistic version of Thai nationalism, sought to militarise the nation, and adopted an aggressive policy towards neighbouring French Indochina in the wake of France's defeat in June 1940. In the short term these actions gave momentum to Phibun's efforts to consolidate his power and his plans to transform Thai society. Phibun's involvement with Japan and the arrival of Japanese troops in Thailand in December 1941, however, would lead to his temporary political eclipse in 1944 and modification of the more extreme elements of his program.
Japanese Geopolitics And the Mongol Lands, 1915–1945
Authors: Narangoa Li 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The northernmost border of Japan's informal empire were the Mongol lands and Manchuria. For nearly a century this region lay on the borders between an expanding Russia and a retreating China and was a major area for Japanese ambitions on the Asian mainland. Japan's interest in the Mongol lands (including Manchuria) was spurred by general strategic, economic and ideological factors, and was justified by an academic discourse on geopolitics. Geo-political socialisation was carried out in respective areas and Mongol nationalism was drawn into these affairs. This paper examines the reasons for Japan's interest in these areas, and the arguments used to justify this expansionism.
Japan's Southward Advance and Colonial Taiwan
Authors: Kenichi Goto 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
In the mid 1930s, as southward advancement thought was on the rise in Japan, there was a rapidly emerging sense shared by the Taiwan Colonial Government, the military authorities, and Japanese residents in Taiwan that colonised Taiwan should play a more positive role in Japan's southward advance. This paper examines the background of the emergence of this advocacy of southward advance in Taiwan during the 1930s and its development during the ten years preceding the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War. In this examination, I draw attention not only to the predilections of the Taiwan Colonial Government, the Taiwan Army, and Japanese residents but also to the mechanism through which the colonised Taiwanese were integrated into the southward advance, and finally I compare the relationships of those three actors and the southern region (nanpo).
'The Modern Barbarian': Nguyen Van Vinh and the Complexity Of Colonial Modernity in Vietnam
Authors: Goscha Christopher 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This article studies the life and socio-cultural works of Nguyen Van Vinh in order to understand better the complexity of 'colonial modernity' in Vietnam. Vinh saw in an alliance with colonial France the chance to modernise Vietnam in Western ways. Thanks to his translations and his essays on Vietnamese society and culture, he helped open the way to a larger cultural revolution in the 1930s. It was a way of dealing with the humiliation of colonial domination and a way of putting Vietnam back on a civilisational par with the rest of the 'modern' world. At the same time, Nguyen Van Vinh served as a powerful propaganda tool for the colonial state in its attempts to cut off Vietnam from her Asian context and ally her closely with colonial France through the Vietnamese language. Indeed, Nguyen Van Vinh provides a revealing example of the colonial origins of the Francophonie policy in Vietnam that began long before French decolonisation.
Georges Pierre Des Clozets, Robert Boyle, the Alchemical Patriarch of Antioch, And the Reunion of Christendom: Further New Sources
Authors: Principe Lawrence 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn 1677, Georges Pierre des Clozets visited Robert Boyle and told him that he had been approved for membership in the Asterism, a secret international society of alchemical masters, headed by Pierre's patron Georges du Mesnillet, the Patriarch of Antioch. Extensive correspondence followed, replete with gifts and bizarre claims, until Pierre vanished in August 1678. This paper links several new documents—articles in the Mercure galant and the Gazette de France and a manuscript account by another convinced admirer of Pierre—to my previous study of him, particularly in regard to Pierre's claim to be working with the Patriarch to reunite Eastern and Western Churches. Dating from before and after Boyle's involvement, these sources add fresh details about Pierre and his other contacts, and show the consistency of Pierre's stories and the credibility he fashioned as he travelled around Europe convincing people of his claims alchemical and otherwise.
Dysregulation of Na+/K+ ATPase by amyloid in APP+PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Dickey Chad A , Gordon Marcia N , Wilcock Donna M , Herber Donna L , Freeman Melissa J , Morgan Dave 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is comprised of extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular tau tangles, dystrophic neurites and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms by which these various pathological features arise are under intense investigation. Here, expanding upon pilot gene expression studies, we have further analyzed the relationship between Na+/K+ ATPase and amyloid using APP+PS1 transgenic mice, a model that develops amyloid plaques and memory deficits in the absence of tangle formation and neuronal or synaptic loss.

Results
We report that in addition to decreased mRNA expression, there was decreased overall Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme activity in the amyloid-containing hippocampi of the APP+PS1 mice (although not in the amyloid-free cerebellum). In addition, dual immunolabeling revealed an absence of Na+/K+ ATPase staining in a zone surrounding congophilic plaques that was occupied by dystrophic neurites. We also demonstrate that cerebral Na+/K+ ATPase activity can be directly inhibited by high concentrations of soluble Aβ.

Conclusions
The data suggest that the reductions in Na+/K+ ATPase activity in Alzheimer tissue may not be purely secondary to neuronal loss, but may results from direct effects of amyloid on this enzyme. This disruption of ion homeostasis and osmotic balance may interfere with normal electrotonic properties of dendrites, blocking intraneuronal signal processing, and contribute to neuritic dystrophia. These results suggest that therapies aimed at enhancing Na+/K+ ATPase activity in AD may improve symptoms and/or delay disease progression.
Signalling crosstalk in FGF2-mediated protection of endothelial cells from HIV-gp120
Authors: Langford Dianne , Hurford Rosemary , Hashimoto Makoto , Digicaylioglu Murat , Masliah Eliezer 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the first line of defence of the central nervous system (CNS) against circulating pathogens, such as HIV. The cytotoxic HIV protein, gp120, damages endothelial cells of the BBB, thereby compromising its integrity, which may lead to migration of HIV-infected cells into the brain. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), produced primarily by astrocytes, promotes endothelial cell fitness and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with FGF2 would protect the cells from gp120-mediated toxicity via endothelial cell survival signalling.

Results
Exposure of HUVEC to gp120 resulted in dose- and time-dependent cell death; whereas, pre-treatment of endothelial cells with FGF2 protected cells from gp120 angiotoxicity. Treatment of HUVEC with FGF2 resulted in dose- and time-dependent activation of the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), with moderate effects on phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT, but no effects on glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) activity. Using pharmacological approaches, gene transfer and kinase activity assays, we show that FGF2-mediated angioprotection against gp120 toxicity is regulated by crosstalk among the ERK, PI3K-AKT and PKC signalling pathways.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggest that FGF2 may play a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the BBB during the progress of HIV associated cerebral endothelial cell damage.
Inactive enzymatic mutant proteins (phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase) as sugar binders for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration reactors
Authors: De Debojyoti , Dutta Debajyoti , Kundu Moloy , Mahato Sourav , Schiavone Marc T , Chaudhuri Surabhi , Giri Ashok , Gupta Vidya , Bhattacharya Sanjoy K 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
Carbon dioxide fixation bioprocess in reactors necessitates recycling of D-ribulose1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) for continuous operation. A radically new close loop of RuBP regenerating reactor design has been proposed that will harbor enzyme-complexes instead of purified enzymes. These reactors will need binders enabling selective capture and release of sugar and intermediate metabolites enabling specific conversions during regeneration. In the current manuscript we describe properties of proteins that will act as potential binders in RuBP regeneration reactors.

Results
We demonstrate specific binding of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (3PGAL) from sugar mixtures by inactive mutant of yeast enzymes phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase. The reversibility in binding with respect to pH and EDTA has also been shown. No chemical conversion of incubated sugars or sugar intermediate metabolites were found by the inactive enzymatic proteins. The dissociation constants for sugar metabolites are in the micromolar range, both proteins showed lower dissociation constant (Kd) for 3-phosphoglycerate (655–796 μM) compared to 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (822–966 μM) indicating higher affinity for 3PGA. The proteins did not show binding to glucose, sucrose or fructose within the sensitivity limits of detection. Phosphoglycerate mutase showed slightly lower stability on repeated use than enolase mutants.

Conclusions
The sugar and their intermediate metabolite binders may have a useful role in RuBP regeneration reactors. The reversibility of binding with respect to changes in physicochemical factors and stability when subjected to repeated changes in these conditions are expected to make the mutant proteins candidates for in-situ removal of sugar intermediate metabolites for forward driving of specific reactions in enzyme-complex reactors.
The role of glucocorticoid action in the pathophysiology of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Wang Minghan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGlucocorticoids are stress hormones that modulate a large number of physiological actions involved in metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular and behavioral processes. The molecular mechanisms and the physiological effects of glucocorticoids have been extensively studied. However, the involvement of glucocorticoid action in the etiology of the Metabolic Syndrome has not been well appreciated. Recently, accumulating clinical evidence and animal genetics studies have attracted growing interest in the role of glucocorticoid action in obesity and insulin resistance. This review will discuss the metabolic effects in the context of glucocorticoid metabolism and establish the association of glucocorticoid action with the features of the Metabolic Syndrome, especially obesity and insulin resistance. Special discussions will be focused on corticosteroid-binding globulin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, two proteins that mediate glucocorticoid action and have been implicated in the Metabolic Syndrome. Due to the complexities of the glucocorticoid biology and the Metabolic Syndrome and limited space, this review is only intended to provide a general link between the two areas with broad rather than in-depth discussions of clinical, pharmacological and genetic findings.