bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Approximation of Generalized Schrödinger Operators via Approximation of Subwords
Authors: Gabel Fabian , Gallaun Dennis , Grossmann Julian , Lindner Marko , Ukena Riko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe prove criteria, purely based on finite subwords of the potential, for spectral inclusion as well as Hausdorff approximation of pseudospectra or even spectra of generalized Schrödinger operators on the discrete line or half-line. In fact, our results are neither limited to Schrödinger or self-adjoint operators, nor to Hilbert space or 1D: By employing localized lower norms, we strongly generalize known results from the self-adjoint case to much more general and non-normal situations, including various configurations of Hamiltonians and further non-self-adjoint models with aperiodic or pseudoergodic potentials, even models with multiple varying diagonals and entries in a Banach space.
Office islands: exploring the uncharted waters of workplace loneliness, social media addiction, and the fear of missing out
Authors: Tang Tseng-Chung , Chi Li-Chiu , Tang Eugene 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith adults feeling more isolated and socially disconnected than ever, the association between loneliness and other pathological behaviors has garnered increased attention. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating how loneliness exacerbates maladaptive behaviors like social media addiction (SMA) and the fear of missing out (FoMO), the mechanisms underpinning these relationships, especially in the workplace context, remain elusive. To bridge this knowledge gap, our study incorporates a sample of 381 Taiwanese employees to explore two key areas. First, we investigate the mediating role of workplace ostracism in the relationship between workplace loneliness and both SMA and FoMO. Secondly, we examine the potential moderating role of resilience in the direct and indirect correlations between workplace loneliness and both SMA and FoMO. Our mediation analysis reveals that workplace ostracism operates as a partial mediator in the relationship between workplace loneliness and both SMA and FoMO. Contrary to our expectations given the risk-buffering model, we discovered a positive moderating effect of resilience between (1) workplace loneliness and ostracism, (2) workplace ostracism with both SMA and FoMO, and (3) workplace loneliness with SMA, but not with FoMO. Collectively, these insights can guide the development of more targeted interventions and strategies to mitigate loneliness and related challenges in professional settings.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Qualität von Experimentalpraktika und der Entwicklung der professionellen Kompetenz angehender Physiklehrkräfte
Authors: Sorge Stefan , Hansen Christian , Andersen Jasmin , Schiering Dustin , Neumann Knut 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Studie analysieren wir den Beitrag von Experimentalpraktika zur Entwicklung der professionellen Kompetenz angehender Lehrkräfte des Faches Physik. Experimentalpraktika verfolgen verschiedene Ziele, die sowohl das fachliche Lernen als auch die Entwicklung positiver motivationaler Orientierungen adressieren. Beide Aspekte sind zentrale Facetten der professionellen Handlungskompetenz von Lehrkräften. Während in einzelnen Laborstudien die Wirksamkeit von lehramtsspezifischen Praktika gezeigt werden konnte, ist der Beitrag dieses Lehrveranstaltungsformat für die Entwicklung der angehenden Lehrkräfte im Feld noch weitgehend unklar. Zur Untersuchung der Qualität von Experimentalpraktika wurden daher N = 105 Qualitätseinschätzungen Physiklehramtsstudierenden analysiert und gleichsam deren Bedeutung für die Entwicklung im Fachwissen, Interesse und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen im Laufe eines Studienjahres untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehramtsstudierende der Physik die Qualität von Experimentalpraktika als relativ hoch bewerten. Mit Hilfe von linearen Regressionsgleichungen konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass ein Zuwachs im Bereich der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen beim Planen und Durchführen von Experimenten für den Physikunterricht nach Besuch eines qualitativ hochwertigen Experimentalpraktikums erfolgt. Demgegenüber konnte kein signifikanter Einfluss auf den Fachwissenserwerb und die Interessensentwicklung gefunden werden.
Adjusting to Your Surroundings: An Inquiry-Based Learning Module to Teach Principles of Mechanobiology for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Panebianco Christopher J. , Nijsure Madhura P. , Berlew Erin E. , Jeong Annie L. , Boerckel Joel D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMechanobiology is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand how physical forces impact biological systems. Enhancing our knowledge of mechanobiology has become increasingly important for understanding human disease and developing novel therapeutics. There is a societal need to teach diverse students principles of mechanobiology so that we may collectively expand our knowledge of this subject and apply new principles to improving human health. Toward this goal, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a hands-on, inquiry-based learning (IBL) module to teach students principles of cell–biomaterial interactions. This module was designed to be hosted in two 3-h sessions, over two consecutive days. During this time, students learned how to synthesize and mechanically test biomaterials, culture bacteria cells, and assess effects of matrix stiffness on bacteria cell proliferation. Among the 73 students who registered to participate in our IBL mechanobiology module, 40 students completed both days and participated in this study. A vast majority of the participants were considered underrepresented minority (URM) students based on race/ethnicity. Using pre/post-tests, we found that students experienced significant learning gains of 33 percentage points from completing our IBL mechanobiology module. In addition to gaining knowledge of mechanobiology, validated pre/post-surveys showed that students also experienced significant improvements in scientific literacy. Instructors may use this module as described, increase the complexity for an undergraduate classroom assignment, or make the module less complex for K-12 outreach. As presented, this IBL mechanobiology module effectively teaches diverse students principles of mechanobiology and scientific inquiry. Deploying this module, and similar IBL modules, may help advance the next generation of mechanobiologists.
Positive impact of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim prophylaxis on prevention of severe infections in a patient with glycogen storage disease type Ib
Authors: Khalil Marina-Antoinette , Fata Anthony , Diab Ernest , Raad Elie , Wehbe Amine , Megarbane Andre 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveGlycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib) is a very rare disease complicated by neutropenia with consequent recurrent bacterial infections. Treatment with Filgrastim is not always effective.The low CD4 count observed in our patient is likely the underlying cause of this treatment failure. This low value was previously examined in a small-scale study. Therefore, adding sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) might be a good strategy.MethodsWe present the case of a male patient with GSD-Ib. He has severe neutropenia (380/mm3) with recurrent infections. Despite neutrophil improvement with Filgrastim, he developed three severe infections requiring hospitalization. Lymphocyte phenotyping showed a deficit in T CD4 + cells (280/mm3) which led us to HIV testing returning negative. Based on this finding we initiated prophylaxis with SMX-TMP.ResultsSince the start of SMX-TMP along with Filgrastim, the patient was not admitted to the hospital for any bacterial infection.ConclusionTo date, no study has examined the significance of incorporating antibiotic prophylaxis for neutropenic patients with GSD-Ib based on CD4 count, akin to the approach of adding SMX-TMP to antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients. Cotrimoxazole is empirically prescribed without assessing the CD4 count or conducting a comparative analysis of the advantages of its addition to Filgrastim. Such practices could potentially exert a significant influence on the disease’s presentation and severity.
Exploring the duality of disruptive innovation: a technology-utility model analysis of market encroachment
Authors: Zeng Yongchao , Shi Yingying , Wei Zixiang , Zafar Muhammad Wasif 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explores and explains how duality enables disruptive innovation to encroach on the market and redefine its boundaries under constraints of consumer preferences, purchasing power, technological performance, and complementary technologies. The findings indicate (1) disruptive innovation introduces a new value dimension into the market and enhances the heterogeneity of consumers’ demand, which creates prerequisites for its market encroachment while avoiding competing directly with incumbent enterprises; (2) when considering purchasing power constraints, the disadvantage of disruptive innovation in the preexisting value dimension becomes a price advantage of encroaching on the low-end market; (3) under the constraint of complementary technologies, disruptive innovation can open up new markets that incumbent enterprises have not yet touched by virtue of its advantages in the new value dimension; (4) disruptive innovation does not rely on technological performance to encroach on the market, indicating technological performance is not a necessity for identifying disruptive innovations.
Tuberculosis in Ukrainian War Refugees and Migrants in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: A Molecular Epidemiological Study
Authors: Dohál Matúš , Dvořáková Věra , Šperková Miluše , Pinková Martina , Ghodousi Arash , Omrani Maryam , Porvazník Igor , Rasmussen Erik Michael , Škereňová Mária , Krivošová Michaela , Wallenfels Jiří , Konstantynovska Olha , Walker Timothy M. , Nikolayevskyy Vladyslav , Cirillo Daniela Maria , Solovič Ivan , Mokrý Juraj 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The war in Ukraine has led to significant migration to neighboring countries, raising public health concerns. Notable tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in Ukraine emphasize the immediate requirement to prioritize approaches that interrupt the spread and prevent new infections.

Methods
We conducted a prospective genomic surveillance study to assess migration's impact on TB epidemiology in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Ukrainian war refugees and migrants, collected from September 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed alongside 1574 isolates obtained from Ukraine, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

Results
Our study revealed alarming results, with historically the highest number of Ukrainian tuberculosis patients detected in the host countries. The increasing number of cases of multidrug-resistant TB, significantly linked with Beijing lineage 2.2.1 (p < 0.0001), also presents substantial obstacles to control endeavors. The genomic analysis identified the three highly related genomic clusters, indicating the recent TB transmission among migrant populations. The largest clusters comprised war refugees diagnosed in the Czech Republic, TB patients from various regions of Ukraine, and incarcerated individuals diagnosed with pulmonary TB specialized facility in the Kharkiv region, Ukraine, pointing to a national transmission sequence that has persisted for over 14 years.

Conclusions
The data showed that most infections were likely the result of reactivation of latent disease or exposure to TB before migration rather than recent transmission occurring within the host country. However, close monitoring, appropriate treatment, careful surveillance, and social support are crucial in mitigating future risks, though there is currently no evidence of local transmission in EU countries.
A mathematical model for efficient extraction of key locations from point-cloud data in track area
Authors: Chen Shuyue , Wu Jiaolv , Lu Jian , Wang Xizhao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring the construction of a metro system, it is inevitable that deviations will occur between the excavated tunnel and the original designed scheme. As such, it is necessary to adjust the designed scheme to accommodate these discrepancies. Specifically, the adjustment of the designed scheme involves a rigorous process of repeatedly selecting and verifying the feasibility of the proposed modifications using point-cloud data obtained from the tunnel. However, this process can be considerably time-consuming due to the large-scale and potentially redundant nature of the point-cloud data. This paper proposes a mathematical model for point-cloud data acquired in measuring a mined tunnel, which may deviate from the originally designed one. The modeling, which mainly includes determining its normal plane, and building the equation of tunnel point-cloud data, is to quickly extract several key locations in the tunnel surface for modifying the original design in order to achieve a minimum error between the modified design and the mined tunnel. In comparison with the conventional processing of extracting several key locations directly from point-cloud data, our model shows a significant promotion of extraction efficiency under an acceptable error bound. The model is tested in a real tunnel point-cloud data and the testing results confirm the increase of fitting accuracy and the decrease of computational load.
Bio-management of Fusarium wilt of tomato (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) with multifacial Trichoderma species
Authors: Haque Ziaul , Pandey Kartikey , Zamir Seemab 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL), the incitant of the Fusarium wilt of tomato, is a highly damaging and prevalent disease in the majority of tomato growing areas. Keeping into consideration of high disease occurrence and incidence of FOL in tomato crop, the present investigation was undertaken to develop an effective bio-management approach to combat this disease. Initially, the studies were conducted to evaluate six multi-facial biocontrol isolates of Trichoderma species viz., Trichoderma harzianum AMUTH-1, T. harzianum AMUTH-2, T. harzianum AMUTH-3, T. asperellum (= T. viride) AMUTV-1, T. asperellum AMUTV-3 and T. virens (= Gliocladium virens) AMUTS-1 against FOL in vitro. Among these antagonists, T. harzianum AMUTH-1 and T. asperellum AMUTV-3 exhibited the maximum inhibitory effect while T. virens AMUTS-1 was recorded as the least effective Trichoderma isolate against FOL in vitro. Interestingly, T. harzianum AMUTH-1 and T. asperellum AMUTV-3 were found to produce indole acetic acid, siderophore and possess high enzymatic activities (cellulase, chitinase, ligninase and protease) in vitro. Further, pot trials were conducted and the chemical fungicide, carbendazim was used to compare the effectiveness of Trichoderma isolates. Pot trials also verified the efficacy of T. harzianum AMUTH-1 with 9–28% enhancement in the plant-growth parameters and 15–21% biomass production, and 88% decrease in the soil population of FOL. The effect of T. harzianum AMUTH-1 was also at par with fungicides, carbendazim.
Predictive methods for initiation of delamination and intra-laminar damage in carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates subject to impact
Authors: Raza H. , Rodera O. , Carpenter K. , Pärnänen T. , Jokinen J. , Kanerva M. , Bayandor J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA comparison of the modelling methodologies to capture the damage onset and delamination initiation in Abaqus and LS-Dyna is presented. A quasi-isotropic carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminate is modelled under a low-energy impact scenario. Hashin, Puck and Cuntze criteria are implemented for assessing intra-laminar damage in Abaqus in the linear elastic regime without damage evolution, with Virtual Crack Closure Technique being used for inter-laminar failure. In LS-Dyna, the Chang-Chang criterion is used for the intra-lamina failure with damage evolution, whereas delamination is captured using cohesive zone model and the tiebreak contact algorithm. The implementations carried out by both finite element software result in a modelling work well set to analyse and predict the impact response at the initial stages of delamination and damage within the plies. The composite damage criteria used in both finite element codes overall predict stiffer results when compared with the experimental data, however, remain in close agreement with each other.
Critical globalisation: Productive capacity and capital productivity in the United States, 1945–2020
Authors: Pérez-Montiel José A. , Manera Carles , Navinés Ferran , Franconetti Javier 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the dynamics of the profit rate of United States (US) non-financial resident firms between 1945 and 2020. The 1970s entailed the abandonment of industrial policy and the liberalisation and globalisation of markets. This left the US-resident productive sector at the mercy of an unstoppable growth of imports. These imports helped to contain inflation but cornered the US domestic market, which negatively affected the profit rate of non-financial resident firms. The increasing foreign competition forced US-resident firms to invest and increase their productive capacity. Such increasing productive capacity demanded higher market shares; however, US-resident firms continued to lose domestic and foreign markets. This explains the fall in the degree of productive capacity utilisation, capital productivity, and ultimately, the rate of profit since the 1980s.
Categorical and K-theoretic Donaldson–Thomas theory of (part II)
Authors: Pădurariu Tudor , Toda Yukinobu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuasi-BPS categories appear as summands in semiorthogonal decompositions of DT categories for Hilbert schemes of points in the three-dimensional affine space and in the categorical Hall algebra of the two-dimensional affine space. In this paper, we prove several properties of quasi-BPS categories analogous to BPS sheaves in cohomological DT theory.We first prove a categorical analogue of Davison’s support lemma, namely that complexes in the quasi-BPS categories for coprime length and weight are supported over the small diagonal in the symmetric product of the three-dimensional affine space. The categorical support lemma is used to determine the torsion-free generator of the torus equivariant K-theory of the quasi-BPS category of coprime length and weight.We next construct a bialgebra structure on the torsion free equivariant K-theory of quasi-BPS categories for a fixed ratio of length and weight. We define the K-theoretic BPS space as the space of primitive elements with respect to the coproduct. We show that all localized equivariant K-theoretic BPS spaces are one-dimensional, which is a K-theoretic analogue of the computation of (numerical) BPS invariants of the three-dimensional affine space.
The Bureaucratic Politics of Urban Land Rights: (Non)Programmatic Distribution in São Paulo’s Land Regularization Policy
Authors: Alonso Ferreira Marcela 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTHow do bureaucrats implement public policy when faced with political intermediation? This article examines this issue in the distribution of land rights to informal settlements in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. Land regularization is a policy established over three decades, where politicians’ requests for land titles to their constituencies play a relevant role. Based on interviews and documents, this study finds that bureaucrats adopt a twofold approach to regulate distribution: they document informal settlements, enacting eligibility criteria; then, they manage and prioritize beneficiaries, accommodating qualifying political demands. In this process, they enforce eligibility rules consistently across cases, constraining political intermediation to a rational scheme. Therefore, bureaucrats reconcile nonprogrammatic politics and policy rules by separating eligibility assessment from beneficiary selection. This paper bridges urban distributive politics and street-level bureaucracy literature by revealing that policy implementers may use technical expertise to curb political influence and negotiate conflicting interests and constraints.
Morphological trends across the Norian/Rhaetian boundary within Late Triassic conodonts in western Canada: implications for protracted paleoenvironmental disturbance preceding the end-Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Lei Jerry Z. X. , Golding Martyn L. , Husson Jon M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Late Triassic conodont species Mockina ex gr. carinata and Mockina ex gr. englandi were exceptionally prevalent among the marine fauna of the Panthalassan realm from the middle Norian through to the Rhaetian. Leading into the complete extinction of conodonts near the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, a significant turnover event occurred in conodont fauna across the Norian/Rhaetian boundary (NRB), with the pectiniform elements of common Rhaetian genera from Tethys exhibiting minimal or absent platforms. This intergeneric trend of platform reduction is not as evident in Panthalassa, where these genera are very rare, but morphometric analyses of M. ex gr. carinata and M. ex gr. englandi specimens from across the Canadian Cordillera demonstrate that comparable shifts in morphology occurred intraspecifically in Panthalassa across the NRB, confirming the global extent of these trends. Pectiniform elements of M. ex gr. carinata display a sequential reduction of platform width from the middle Norian to late Norian to Rhaetian, whereas pectiniform elements of M. ex gr. englandi display a reduction of platform width only from the late Norian to Rhaetian. Specimens of both species that have a mid-platform length to breadth ratio greater than 3:1 are restricted to the Rhaetian. Specimens from the Kennecott Point section on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, demonstrate that this morphological shift occurred somewhat later than other biostratigraphic proxies for the NRB. The global trend of platform width reduction in many conodont pectiniform elements may reflect a change in primary diet away from hard food sources, perhaps suggesting some degree of carbonate biomineralization suppression beginning around the NRB. This interpretation would support CO2 outgassing as the causal mechanism of the environmental disturbance at the NRB and identify the NRB as a significant turning point for Late Triassic ecosystems, marking the beginning of a protracted, multiphase end-Triassic mass extinction.
Religion, Sexuality Politics, and the Transformation of Latin American Electorates
Authors: Smith Amy Erica , Boas Taylor C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRight-wing candidates have rallied against same-sex marriage, abortion, and ‘gender ideology’ in several recent Latin American elections, attracting socially conservative voters. Yet, these issues are largely irrelevant to voting decisions in other parts of the region. Drawing on theories explaining partisan shifts in the US and Europe, we argue that elite and social movement debates on sexuality politics create conditions for electoral realignment. When politicians take polarized positions on newly salient ‘culture war’ issues, the masses’ voting behaviour shifts. Using region-wide multilevel analysis of the AmericasBarometer and Latinobarómetro and a conjoint experiment in Brazil, Chile, and Peru, we demonstrate that the rising salience of sexuality politics creates new electoral cleavages, magnifying the electoral impact of religion and sexuality politics attitudes and shrinking the impact of economic views. Whereas scholarship on advanced democracies posits the centrality of partisanship, our findings indicate that sexuality politics prompts realignments even in weak party systems.