bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to preoperative chemoradiation increases the use of sphincter‐preserving surgery in patients with locally advanced low rectal carcinoma
Authors: Crane Christopher H. , Skibber John M. , Feig Barry W. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Thames Howard D. , Curley Steve A. , Rodriguez‐Bigas Miguel A. , Wolff Robert A. , Ellis Lee M. , Delclos Marc E. , Lin Edward H. , Janjan Nora A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough controversial, some believe that preoperative chemoradiation increases the use of sphincter‐preserving surgery in low rectal carcinoma patients. This article investigates the relationship between objective tumor response and sphincter preservation in low rectal carcinoma patients.METHODSThe authors reviewed the records of 238 patients with T3 or T4 low rectal carcinoma (≤ 6 cm from the anal verge) who underwent preoperative pelvic chemoradiation (45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks, n = 182 or 52.5 Gy/30 fractions/5 weeks, n = 56 with continuous infusion 5‐fluorouracil at 300 mg/m2, Monday to Friday) followed by mesorectal (n = 223) or local excision (n = 15). A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of objective tumor response (defined as complete clinical response) and other prognostic factors on sphincter preservation. Because degrees of partial response could not be objectively defined retrospectively, the influence of partial response on sphincter preservation could not be evaluated.RESULTSOverall, 49% of patients (117 of 238) had sphincter‐preserving surgery. The clinical complete response rate was 47%. Independent predictors of sphincter preservation included the year of surgery, tumor distance from the anal verge, circumferential tumor involvement, and response to chemoradiation. The sphincter preservation rate increased over the period of the study (from 28% [December 1989 to December 1992] to 44% [January 1993 to December 1996] to 67% [January 1997 to December 2000]). The difference in the rates of sphincter preservation according to response was most striking among patients with tumors 3 cm or less from the anal verge (44% vs. 22%, P = 0.01). The pelvic disease recurrence rate among patients undergoing sphincter‐preserving surgery has been less than 10% since January 1993 and was not statistically different between the groups treated from January 1993 to December 1996 and from January 1997 to December 2000.CONCLUSIONSThere has been an increase in the use of sphincter‐preserving surgery without an increase in pelvic disease recurrence over the past decade. Although not necessary for sphincter preservation, clinical response to preoperative chemoradiation independently contributed to sphincter‐preserving surgery, particularly in patients with low rectal tumors. Cancer 2003;97:517–24. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11075
The influence of anatomic location on outcome in patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Gerrand Craig H. , Bell Robert S. , Wunder Jay S. , Kandel Rita A. , O'Sullivan Brian , Catton Charles N. , Griffin Anthony M. , Davis Aileen M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe anatomic location of an extremity soft tissue sarcoma may influence the patient's presentation, management, and local and systemic recurrence rates. The objective of this study was to compare the presentation, management, and outcome of patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the upper extremity and the lower extremity.METHODSProspectively collected data from patients who underwent limb‐sparing surgery for extremity soft tissue sarcoma between January, 1986 and April, 1997 were analyzed. Local recurrence free rates and metastasis free rates were calculated using the method of Kaplan and Meier. Univariate and multivariate analyses of potential predictive factors were evaluated with the log‐rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSOf 480 eligible patients, 48 patients (10.0%) had a local recurrence, and 131 patients (27.3%) developed distant metastasis. The median follow‐up of survivors was 4.8 years (range, 0.1–12.9 years). Patients with upper extremity tumors had smaller lesions (6.0 cm vs. 9.3 cm; P < 0.001), more often underwent unplanned excision before referral (89 patients [64.0%] vs. 160 patients [46.9%]; P < 0.001), and less often received radiotherapy (98 patients [70.5%] vs. 289 patients [84.8%]; P < 0.001). The 5‐year local recurrence free rate was 82% for patients with sarcomas of the upper extremity and 93% for patients with sarcomas of the lower extremity (P = 0.002). The 5‐year metastasis free rate was 82% for patients with sarcomas of the upper extremity and 69% for patients with sarcomas of the lower extremity (P = 0.013).CONCLUSIONSLocal recurrence was more frequent in patients who had sarcomas of the upper extremity compared with patients who had sarcomas of the lower extremity. Factors that contributed to this difference included histologic type, the use of radiotherapy, and local anatomy. Metastasis was more frequent among patients with sarcomas of the lower extremity, because those tumors tended to be large and deeper compared with upper extremity tumors. Cancer 2003;97:485–92. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11076
Sentinel lymph node versus axillary lymph node dissection for early‐stage breast carcinoma
Authors: Jani Ashesh B. , Basu Anirban , Heimann Ruth , Hellman Samuel 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to compare the value of sentinel lymph node dissection (SND) and axillary lymph node dissection (AND) in improving the utility‐adjusted survival for early‐stage breast carcinoma patients.METHODSA number needed to treat (NNT) analysis was used to compare SND with AND. In the NNT equation, 1/(SSND − SAND), S is the 5‐year utility‐adjusted survival. A literature review was performed to estimate 1) the prevalence of axillary lymph node disease for early‐stage breast carcinoma, 2) the sensitivity and specificity of SND and AND, 3) the 5‐year overall survival as a function of axillary lymph node involvement, 4) the risk of arm lymphedema as a function of the intervention performed, and 5) the utility correction (Uc; impairment of quality of life) for arm lymphedema.RESULTSThe NNT method of analysis favored SND over nearly the entire range of parameters with a sign change to a negative value occurring only as Uc becomes very close to unity. This suggests the superiority of the SND approach. Only when there is minimal loss of utility does AND become favored and then only minimally.CONCLUSIONSCompared with AND, SND improves the utility‐adjusted survival in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma. This finding is quite robust and was found to remain constant over a range of values for utility and lymph node prevalence. Cancer 2003;97:359–66. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11081
Liposomal amphotericin B versus the combination of fluconazole and itraconazole as prophylaxis for invasive fungal infections during induction
Authors: Mattiuzzi Gloria N. , Estey Elihu , Raad Issam , Giles Francis , Cortes Jorge , Shen Yu , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios , Koller Charles , Munsell Mark , Beran Miloslav , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The authors evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB) compared with a combination of fluconazole plus itraconazole (F+I) as prophylaxis in this setting.METHODSPatients with newly diagnosed AML or high‐risk MDS who were undergoing initial induction chemotherapy were randomized to receive either F+I (fluconazole 200 mg orally every 12 hours plus itraconazole tablets 200 mg orally every 12 hours) or L‐AmB (3 mg/kg intravenously 3 times per week) in this prospective, open‐label study.RESULTSSeventy‐two L‐AmB‐treated patients and 67 F+I‐treated patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 47% of patients completed antifungal prophylaxis without a change in therapy for proven or suspected fungal infection. Three patients in each arm developed a proven fungal infection. Twenty‐three percent of the L‐AmB‐treated patients and 24% of the F+I‐treated patients were changed to alternative antifungal therapy because of persistent fever (P value not significant). Nine percent of the L‐AmB‐treated patients developed pneumonia of unknown etiology compared with 16% of the F+I‐treated patients (P value not significant). Increases in serum creatinine levels to > 2 mg/dL (20% for the L‐AmB arm vs. 6% for the F+I arm; P = 0.012) and increases in serum bilirubin levels to > 2 mg/dL (43% vs. 22%, respectively; P = 0.021) were more common with L‐AmB. Infusion‐related reactions were noted in five L‐AmB‐treated patients. Responses to chemotherapy and induction mortality rates were similar for the two arms.CONCLUSIONSL‐AmB and F+I appear similar in their efficacy as antifungal prophylaxis during induction chemotherapy for patients with AML and MDS. L‐AmB was associated with higher rates of increased serum bilirubin and creatinine levels. Cancer 2003;97:450–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11094
An adaptive path routing scheme for satellite IP networks
Authors: Chen Jing , Jamalipour Abbas 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMobile satellites can be considered as the promising solution to the global IP network. In order to provide quality of service (QoS) in future networks, mobile satellite can be integrated with the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) to switch IP datagrams in the space. For such a network, new and sophisticated routing and handoff algorithms are essential. In this paper, a new scheme called adaptive path routing scheme (APRS) is proposed. It is shown that the APRS can provide superior performance for routing and handoff in mobile satellite networks compared with conventional schemes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WTCP: an efficient mechanism for improving wireless access to TCP services
Authors: Ratnam Karunaharan , Matta Ibrahim 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe transmission control protocol (TCP) has been mainly designed assuming a relatively reliable wireline network. It is known to perform poorly in the presence of wireless links because of its basic assumption that any loss of a data segment is due to congestion and consequently it invokes congestion control measures. However, on wireless access links, a large number of segment losses will occur more often because of wireless link errors or host mobility. For this reason, many proposals have recently appeared to improve TCP performance in such environment. They usually rely on the wireless access points (base stations) to locally retransmit the data in order to hide wireless losses from TCP. In this paper, we present Wireless‐TCP (WTCP), a new mechanism for improving wireless access to TCP services. We use extensive simulations to evaluate TCP performance in the presence of congestion and wireless losses when the base station employs WTCP, and the well‐known Snoop proposal (A comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance in wireless networks. In ACM SIGCOMM Symposium on Communication, Architectures and Protocols, August 1996). Our results show that WTCP significantly improves the throughput of TCP connections due to its unique feature of hiding the time spent by the base station to locally recover from wireless link errors so that TCPs round trip time estimation at the source is not affected. This proved to be critical since otherwise the ability of the source to effectively detect congestion in the fixed wireline network is hindered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximizing single connection TCP goodput by trading bandwidth for BER
Authors: Celandroni Nedo , Potortì Francesco 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAll other conditions being equal, the end‐to‐end throughput of a TCP connection depends on the packet loss rate at the IP level. This is an issue when IP runs on a wireless link, where the bit error rate is variable and typically much higher than it is on fixed links. Especially on physical links where the bandwidth delay product is high, TCP performance is significantly impaired by apparently low values of the bit error rate. Generally speaking, on a wireless link bandwidth can be traded for information quality (error rate), the simplest method being to change the type or parameters of forward error correction. On this basis, we show a general method of taking advantage of this trade‐off in order to maximize the throughput of a TCP connection. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of tree initiation by analysis of discharge magnitude and discharge luminescence at each phase angle section
Authors: Ehara Yoshiyasu , Fukawa Yosuke , Kishida Haruo , Ito Tairo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPartial discharge is one of the causes of deterioration of insulating polymer materials subjected to high voltages. In this case, the deterioration that is caused by partial discharges in gaps, such as voids inside an insulator, is of particular importance. In this study, the prediction of tree initiation due to partial discharge occurring in voids is considered. New tree initiation diagnostic methods are proposed by measuring discharge magnitude and discharge luminescence in each phase angle section of the applied voltage. It is noted that some samples revealed different time dependence of partial discharge patterns even under the same measurement condition. These patterns were the case of occurrence of swarming pulsive micro discharges (SPMDs) before tree initiation and the case of no occurrence of SPMDs. The prediction of tree initiation by using moving average of the discharge magnitude is discussed. We propose the parameters to reflect a pre‐tree initiation mode and also evaluate their usefulness for the prediction of tree initiation by using moving average analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(2): 22–29, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10076
On the kinetics of the autoxidation of fats: substrates with conjugated double bonds
Authors: Brimberg Ulla I. , Kamal‐Eldin Afaf 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper provides a kinetic evaluation of rate data on the oxidation of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters published by Kern et al. almost 50 years ago. The results of the kinetic analysis suggest that the oxidation of pure substrates with conjugated double bonds in bulk starts with carbon‐oxygen cross‐linking causing oligomerization (degree of polymerization ≈3). The reaction then proceeds with simultaneous oligomerization and formation of monomeric cyclic peroxides. The oligomerization was described by the empirical equation used previously for oleate and linoleate, which was modified by adding a power term. In contrast to the case of linoleate, hydroperoxides are only minor products in the oxidation of methyl‐conjugated linoleate suggesting that micelle formation does not play a significant role in this oxidation.
Eating behaviour: social influences in open community nuns
Authors: Guisado Macías Juan A. , Vaz Leal Francisco J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis article analysed the eating behaviour and the psychological discomfort in a sample of 44 religious women living in open communities. The Eating Attitudes Test‐40 items, the Interview for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, and the revised Symptom Checklist‐90 were used in order to assess the sample, and a factor analysis was performed. Three basic dimensions in the mental state were obtained: (1) Psychological discomfort, (2) Anorexic behaviour, and (3) Bulimic behaviour. Our results support the idea that people living in open communities share the social values regarding weight and body size, and show elevated levels of psychological discomfort strongly associated with symptoms of eating disturbances. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Understanding the experience of drop‐out from treatment for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Eivors Alison , Button Eric , Warner Sam , Turner Keith 
Published: February 2003

AbstractResearch suggests that approximately 50 per cent of patients drop out prematurely from services for anorexia nervosa. This research set out to investigate the possible reasons for this high drop‐out rate. The experiences of eight women were explored through written accounts and semi‐structured interviews. The information was analysed using a social constructionist revision of grounded theory. A central theme of control emerged which was affected by interactions with the wider social system. The cumulative battle for control between the anorectic and others appeared to result in the act of dropping out as the treatment approach, timing and context recreated the setting conditions of lost control. The organizational and clinical implications of this model are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Experiences of pregnancy‐related body shape changes and of breast‐feeding in women with a history of eating disorders
Authors: Larsson Gunilla , Andersson‐Ellström Agneta 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn spite of the growing problems of eating disorders in society, no publications have reported the cumulative prevalence of eating disorders among childbearing women. The condition may constitute a risk during pregnancy and the childbirth period. This study examined the frequency of self‐reported eating disorder histories in women who had been delivered 3–7 months earlier as well as their experiences of body shape changes and breast feeding and the length of the breast‐feeding periods. Five hundred and sixteen women were invited to participate, of whom 454 responded to a questionnaire (88 per cent). A history of an eating disorder was reported by 11.5 per cent of the respondents, with a predominance of younger women. Significantly fewer women among those reporting an eating disorder breast‐fed their 3‐month‐old baby. However, no difference was seen regarding feelings related to the transformed body shape. Almost all women described such feelings as positive. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Meister Proper oder die Lyrik im Supermarkt
Authors: Platen Christoph 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTempo, Tesa und Nivea — Markennamen sind in aller Munde. Was hinter den schillernden Produktnamen unserer modernen Waren‐ und Konsumwelt steckt, ist nicht nur für den Sprachwissenschaftler aufschlussreich
Das Blau aus den Tiefen der Erde
Authors: Drüppel Kirsten , Okrusch Martin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIm Norden Namibias wird seit den sechziger Jahren ein beliebter tiefblauer Naturstein abgebaut — der „Namibia‐Blue”︁. Neue mineralogische Untersuchungen vermitteln nicht nur Einblicke in die Herkunft dieses Gesteins, sondern geben Auskunft über folgenreiche Prozesse der Erdgeschichte
Im Cockpit der Fliege
Authors: Egelhaaf Martin , Kern Roland , Kurtz Rafael , Warzecha Anne‐Kathrin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractKleine Gehirne können große Gehirne an Leistung bei weitem übertreffen. So hat sich die Fliege als hervorragendes Modellsystem für die Bildverarbeitung im Gehirn erwiesen
Von Krautköpfen und Froschfressern
Authors: Mohrmann Ruth‐E. , Meyer Silke 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMit den Augen eines Engländers unterwegs im Europa des 18. Jahrhunderts: Historische Karikaturen und Illustrationen geben unerwartete Einblicke in damalige und heutige Klischees und deren Kontext
HSP27 is markedly induced in Schwann cell columns and associated regenerating axons
Authors: Hirata Kazuho , He Jianwen , Hirakawa Yasuhiro , Liu Wenting , Wang Songyan , Kawabuchi Masaru 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIt is well known that regenerating axons enter Schwann cell (SC) columns, within which they grow to reinnervate the appropriate targets. The current study detected a marked induction of a 27‐kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) in the SC columns of crush‐injured rat sciatic nerves. Immunohistochemical studies showed the first appearance of strong HSP27‐immunoreactive linear structures in the proximal stump near an injury site 7 h after an operation. The HSP27‐immunoreactive linear structures crossed the injury site to the distal stump 2 days after the operation. They then extended in a more proximal and more distal direction and were found to have propagated through the entire length of the nerve 1 week after the operation. This pattern of expression was maintained until 3 weeks after the operation. Double‐immunofluorescent labeling and confocal laser microscopy confirmed that the linear structures consisted of SC columns and associated multiple axons. The HSP27‐immunoreactive SC columns expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not S‐100 protein. Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that reactive Schwann cells (SCs) and the associated axons with an outgrowing profile exhibited a strong immunoreactivity to HSP27, with the former containing a greater number of bundles of intermediate filaments. It is suggested that HSP27 may play an essential role in axonal outgrowth, especially by contributing to cytoskeletal dynamics in SCs. GLIA 42:1–11, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lentiviral vectors for gene delivery to normal and demyelinated white matter
Authors: Zhao Chao , Strappe Padraig M. , Lever Andrew M.L. , Franklin Robin J.M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractLentiviral vectors are increasingly used for gene delivery to neurons and in experimental models of neurodegeneration. Their use in gene delivery to white matter and their potential value in preventing or repairing CNS demyelination has received less attention. Here we show using a VSV‐G–pseudotyped HIV‐derived vector expressing the marker gene LacZ that lentiviral vectors transduce the major macroglial cell types present in normal white matter (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitors). Injection of lentiviral vectors causes an inflammatory response at the injection site characterized by OX42+ and ED1+ macrophages, but only a few CD8+ and no CD4+ lymphocytes, and mild demyelination. Injection of lentiviral vectors into areas of toxin‐induced demyelination resulted in significant numbers of cells expressing the marker gene and was a more effective means of gene delivery than was a LacZ‐expressing murine retroviral vector. GLIA 42:59–67, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.