bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Explanatory Role of Introspective Access
Authors: Spener Maja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
How does introspection as a mental capacity fit into our common sense and scientific pictures of the mind? This chapter asks about the shared ordinary understanding of introspection that is typically presupposed by psychologists and philosophers alike. It argues that the main source of our ordinary conception of introspective access is the explanatory role such access plays vis-à-vis our agency. The explanatory role of introspective access is also the key to (i) solving the calibration problem for the different modes of introspective access, and (ii) to providing an account of the ordinary and scientific kinds that answer our different introspective classifications. This account is a composite pluralism about introspective access. Modes of introspective access pick out distinct scientific kinds, but this does eliminate the ordinary notion of introspective access, which picks out an ordinary kind.
The Epistemology of Privacy
Authors: Véliz Carissa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Privacy studies have much to benefit from epistemology; losing privacy is an epistemic event, and better understanding knowledge and other epistemic states can help us establish when and to what degree privacy has been lost. But epistemology can also benefit from privacy studies. Not only can privacy practices lead to increased knowledge; thinking about privacy also informs our understanding of why knowledge matters, and how pragmatic concerns might affect how we think about what counts as knowledge. Privacy is a relational epistemic state. That is, for me to lose privacy, I must stand in an epistemic relation to someone else. Knowledge seems to be a sufficient condition for a loss of privacy. But is knowledge necessary for a loss of privacy? What about justified but false beliefs and unjustified but true beliefs? This chapter tackles these questions. Although access accounts of privacy are quite common, remarkably little has been written about what counts as access. The epistemology of privacy, in essence, is an exploration of what counts as an epistemic access that can lead to a loss of privacy. First, the chapter explores the relationship between knowledge and privacy. Second, the chapter explores the relationship between privacy, truth, belief, and justification. Section 3 considers whether epistemic states that amount to having less than knowledge can lead to privacy losses, and will argue that full and weak knowledge (true beliefs), as well as access to someone’s personal space, can lead to privacy losses. Section 4 explores perception and privacy.
Privacy Duties
Authors: Véliz Carissa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The interests we have in privacy, along with the cases, distinctions, and arguments explored in this book suggest that there is not only a right to privacy, but also certain duties to protect one’s privacy and that of others (e.g., duties to refrain from surveillance). First, this chapter offers some reflections on the relationship between rights and duties. Section 2 argues that the duty to respect other people’s right to privacy is composed of a duty of ignorance (partly composed of a duty of inattention and restraint), and a duty of silence. Section 3 argues for a duty of reticence when it comes to protecting one’s own privacy, and for privacy as a civic duty. Section 4 argues that privacy duties don’t only attach to individuals, but also to institutions.
Privacy in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Véliz Carissa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The twenty-first century has not been kind to privacy. Section 1 will offer a brief snapshot of the state of privacy in the digital age. Section 2 will argue that to digitize is to surveil, and that increasing surveillance comes with the territory of transforming the analogue into the digital. Section 3 will go through each of the goods that we saw in Chapter 7 that privacy protects and assess how they’re being affected in the digital age. The section ends up concluding that, if we want to preserve these goods, we ought to scale back surveillance. Section 4 responds to three objections: that we are not losing privacy because algorithms (not human beings) are doing most of the collection of personal data, that the digital age presents us with an opportunity to have a radically transparent society in which privacy isn’t necessary anymore, and that surveillance in the digital age is unproblematic because it’s done with the consent of the population. Section 5 offers some practical suggestions of how to better protect privacy in the twenty-first century: data minimization, setting limits on the storage of personal data, and banning the trade in personal data. Section 6 concludes the chapter with some final thoughts about consent and control.
Cotard Syndrome
Authors: Gerrans Philip 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an alternative to two-factor explanations of Cotard syndrome that treat it as either (i) a metacognitive response to the experience of depersonalization caused by abnormal activity in the insula cortex or (ii) the result of global affective flattening. On the view presented here the primary cause of Cotard syndrome is pervasive bodily dysregulation and the primary cause of depersonalization is dissociative “deaffectualization”. These malfunctions affect a “self-model” in different ways. The self-model framework is developed against the background of active inference theory and also provides an explanation of the role of the insula in self-representation. It also provides a way of characterizing the role of affective experience in these disorders.
Collegiality in the Making
Authors: Patrin Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how Commission actors apply collegiality practices in their daily work. The methodological premise of this actor-centric approach is that the law of collegiality can only be fully understood within the institutional and political practices in which it is embedded. These practices are in turn shaped by the actors that animate them. The chapter identifies the main loci of collegiality, at the level of both the college and the administrative services. These are the college of commissioners, the commissioners’ cabinets, the Secretariat-General, and the Legal Service. Furthermore, the chapter unveils the practices that emerge from the actor’s interpretation of collegiality, focusing for instance on the college organization implemented by the Juncker and Von der Leyen Commissions and on the exceptional case of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who belongs to two different institutions.
Internal Decision-Making and Functional Fragmentation
Authors: Patrin Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the heterogeneity and fragmentation that affects the Commission’s activities from a functional perspective. This heterogeneity is at odds with collegiality as a principle of unity and cohesion. In other words, the Commission’s legislative, executive, enforcement, and surveillance functions respond to diverging logics, thus challenging the institutional coherence safeguarded by collegiality. How to reconcile the tension between collegiality and functional fragmentation? The first part of the chapter presents the Commission’s functions, unveiling a high degree of functional diversification. The second part retraces the internal procedures for the adoption of acts. Beyond the multi-functional character of the activities, and independently from the functions it fulfils, the internal Commission’s decision-making must preserve the cohesion of the collegial output. The degree of collegiality, however, varies for each Commission’s function, as it will be empirically illustrated in the case studies presented in the other chapters of Part II.
Executive Rule-Making
Authors: Patrin Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Delegated and implementing decisions are the result of highly complex coordination procedures. Contrary to legislative acts, however, executive rule-making does not require any co-decision procedure following the adoption by the college. Member State involvement mostly happens ex ante, at the stage of the formulation of the measure, through a system of expert committees accompanying the work of the Commission’s services. As a result, however, once the measure has been agreed with Member State representatives, it becomes very difficult to overturn it. The college is left with little discretion to amend the act. The case study on the approval of glyphosate demonstrates that the tension between expert consultation and collegiality can put the Commission’s collegial system under stress, especially when the decision becomes politicized. It thus highlights several shortcomings in the collegial decision-making process for the adoption of implementing acts.
The Symbolic Resonances of Rome’s Cityscape
Authors: de Beer Susanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 introduces the cityscape of Rome as a contested battleground on which almost all strategies of claiming “Rome” can be projected. This chapter shows how the remains of the ancient city, by evoking past glory, provided the humanist poets with material for both the image of the “City of Magnificence” and the counter-image of the “City of Ruins,” supporting both “insider” narratives focused on restoration and “outsider” narratives focused on decline and decay. The chapter then examines poems that reflect emotional responses of wonder at and mourning of the Roman remains, demonstrating instances in which the goals of humanist poets and their patrons diverged, before moving over to the strategies by which the humanist poets use the monuments of Rome, and the literary representations thereof, as sites of memory, to frame themselves as the ultimate guides to Rome’s legacy. By so doing, this chapter introduces another dimension of the battle, in which the humanists also fight on their own behalf—instead of providing weapons and functioning as spin doctors in the “battle for Rome” on behalf of others. This chapter engages with the growing body of literature concerning the cultural meaning of “ruins” and the “Fall of Rome.”
The Humanist Poets as “New Romans”
Authors: de Beer Susanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses squarely on the humanist project of reviving Rome’s literary legacy and on the revival of ancient Rome through literature. While this literary revival also lends prestige to the authorities who support it, this chapter shifts the focus to the way the humanists define themselves in and through their poetry as “New Romans” by adopting “Rome” as a metaphor for Latin literature. It enters into discussion with scholarship on the nature and definition of Renaissance humanism by showing how the humanist identity is intricately connected with “Rome” and equally open to both narrow and wide definitions. This chapter ultimately suggests that the renewed dominance of Latin literature as propagated by the humanists also sparked a second—artistic—battle for Rome and discusses the implications of this battle on the Questione della linguà (debate concerning the use of Latin or vernacular) and the Paragone delle arti (“comparison of the arts”).
Introduction
Authors: Sax William S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the question, “How is radical alterity best understood?” and answers it by discussing “three problematic terms” in anthropology: culture, ontology, and ritual. It criticizes the so-called “ontological turn” in anthropology for failing to take seriously the idea of “multiple worlds” and, following the philosophers Mol and Hacking, the ethnosociologist Marriott, and the work of several anthropologists of Latin America, it argues that these can be theoretically grasped only when sufficient attention is given to practice. This is, however, not the case in many discussions of “ontology,” which remain stuck at the level of representation. Further, the chapter argues that a nuanced/revised notion of “culture” can comprehend the existence of multiple worlds, and suggests a conceptual framework for doing so. This framework requires us to identify the necessary preconditions for “real-izing” a world.
Divine Kingdoms in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Sax William S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes and compares systems of “divine kingship” throughout South and Southeast Asia, from ancient times until the present. It begins with a critique of the anthropologist Louis Dumont, who argued in an influential essay that “religion” and “politics” were separated at an early period in Indian history. This chapter argue however that, on the contrary, and until the modern period, what we now call “religion” and “politics” were not sharply distinguished in the Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms of South and Southeast Asia. (And nor, for that matter, are they sharply distinguished in the 21st century.) The kings of these polities were always made to be divine or semi-divine by means of public enactments, and these enactments are some of the most effective ways of real-izing a world.
The Ballad of Jariyan
Authors: Sax William S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 responds to the widespread devaluation of folklore by academics, arguing that it is, on the contrary, an extremely valuable resource for the scholar, a form of collective memory that provides deep insight into shared values and forms of thought. It also discusses certain ethical questions faced by folklorists. Specifically, I translate a local ballad that graphically describes the heroic and violent pre-colonial world of Rawain. This world was characterized by feuds lasting for decades, along with headhunting and other acts of bloody revenge. The ballad eloquently evokes the emotions associated with such brutal violence, and the warriors’ ethic that sustained it.
The Enemy
Authors: Sax William S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The upper reaches of the Supin River are ruled by a divine king whose identity is disputed. Some say that he is Duryodhana, arch-villain of the Mahabharata. Others say that he is Someshvara, a form of Shiva. Whoever he is, his cult is associated with certain controversial and sometimes brutal customs that some his followers would like to do away with: for example, animal sacrifice, overtaxing of his subjects, and livestock rustling. This chapter examines the god’s myth of origin and his recent history, and documents villagers’ efforts to change their world by transforming the very being of their fierce and cruel divine king.
Moral Fictionalism
Authors: Moberger Victor , Olson Jonas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The central challenges for moral fictionalism are twofold: first, to explain how its recommendation that we abandon moral belief and assertion can be reconciled with its rationale of preserving the motivational efficacy of moral thought and discourse; second, to explain what the point is of replacing moral belief and assertion to begin with. This chapter clarifies these challenges and argues that Richard Joyce’s recent “metaphorist” version of fictionalism fares no better with respect to them than his earlier “narrationist” version. Just like its narrationist predecessor, metaphorist fictionalism fails to secure the motivational efficacy of moral thought and talk. The authors also find faults with yet more recent attempts at answering the above challenges for moral fictionalism, leaving the conservationist recommendation a more attractive alternative. This conclusion could be overturned if the conservationist proposal were sufficiently problematic in other respects, but the authors argue that it isn’t.
Should Moral Fictionalists be Religious Fictionalists (or Vice Versa)?
Authors: Le Poidevin Robin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
“Both God and moral values are useful fictions.” This combination of religious fictionalism and moral fictionalism is a natural one. But are there reasons to suppose that alternative combinations are somehow unstable or in other respects unsatisfactory? This chapter considers two such combinations: realism about God with fictionalism about moral values, and realism about moral values with fictionalism about God, respectively. Both face challenges—versions of the argument from queerness and the Euthyphro dilemma surface at points—but there are also potential related issues over combining moral and theistic fictionalism. The results of the discussion lead to a positive proposal for the most promising kind of moral fictionalism, one which tells a theistic story about the ground of moral value.
UK’s EU Referendum
Authors: Whitten Lisa Claire 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out the impact of the UK’s EU referendum on the four components of the Northern Ireland constitution: the principle of consent, devolved government, North–South relations/institutions, and East–West relations/institutions. Findings can be summarised as follows: (1) the potential relevance of the principle of consent was not widely considered; (2) Northern Ireland was ‘placed apart’ in constructions of British identity and ‘a place apart’ in the politics of the referendum campaign; and (3) while Strand Two and Strand Three institutions were not engaged by the referendum, the campaign marked the beginning of a shift away from an established consensus-based approach on the part of the UK government and Irish government on issues pertaining to Northern Ireland.
Northern Ireland’s Brexit Problem
Authors: Whitten Lisa Claire 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The long-term political, economic, and societal impacts of Brexit in and for Northern Ireland are still unfolding. Analysis in the preceding chapters, however, has provided an original and substantive assessment of the immediate constitutional implications of the unprecedented scenario of European disintegration on the part of the United Kingdom most exposed to its effects. Written from the vantage point of January 2023, this chapter concludes the analysis with a descriptive account of relevant events in the two years after unique arrangements for post-Brexit governance of Northern Ireland—set out in the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland—entered into force. From here, the chapter provides a retrospective assessment of the twelve key findings from this research (see 8.6) and considers their likely and potential longer-term repercussions for those both within and beyond the (recently notorious) borders of Northern Ireland.
The Windsor Framework
Authors: Whitten Lisa Claire 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
On 27 February 2023, the Prime Minister of the UK and President of the European Commission appeared together to announce that an agreement had been reached on revised arrangements for implementing the Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland – thereafter to be known as the Windsor Framework. At the time of writing – March 2023 – the changes due to be made to the Protocol have neither been legally ratified nor practically operationalised. Provided the arrangements laid down in the Framework take effect they will alter aspects of Brexit’s overall impact in/on Northern Ireland going forward. In view of their importance, this short addendum reviews the contents of the Framework and considers them against the conclusions of the analysis set out in preceding chapters. Subject to its confirmation and implementation it is argued that the Windsor Framework stands to mitigate some of the negative impacts of Brexit on Northern Ireland while creating and/or exacerbating others.
The Application of the Gravity Criterion for Admissibility in Article 17(1)(d) of the Rome Statute
Authors: Urs Priya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter scrutinizes the application at the International Criminal Court of the criterion of the sufficient gravity of a case in Article 17(1)(d) of the Rome Statute. Drawing a distinction between the application of the criterion as part of the Prosecutor’s decision whether to initiate an investigation into a ‘situation’ under Articles 53(1) and 15(3)–(4) and as part of the assessment of the admissibility of a ‘case’ under Articles 53(2) and 19(1)–(3), it identifies the indicators of gravity articulated in each context in the policy of the Office of the Prosecutor and in the decisions of the Chambers of the Court. By identifying relevant indicators of gravity and balancing the desire for consistency in the application of Article 17(1)(d) with the competing need for discretion in the allocation of limited resources, the chapter clarifies whether the application of the provision, in particular in the context of the Prosecutor’s decisions whether to investigate and prosecute respectively, calls for an objective or subjective assessment.
Pre-Trial Chamber Review and Pre-Trial or Trial Chamber Determination of the Admissibility of ‘Cases’
Authors: Urs Priya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter clarifies the role of the Pre-Trial Chamber vis-à-vis the Prosecutor in the context of the decision whether to prosecute a case. First, it identifies review for abuse of discretion as the appropriate standard of Pre-Trial Chamber oversight, under Article 53(3)(a) of the Rome Statute, of a prosecutorial decision as to the inadmissibility of a case. In the absence of sufficient practice to date, it finds the balance between prosecutorial independence and prosecutorial accountability in this context by accounting for all relevant considerations, including the discretionary nature of the gravity assessment. Second, the chapter defines the role of the Pre-Trial Chamber under Article 19(1)–(3) in assessing the admissibility of a case with which the Prosecutor has decided to proceed. In this context, the relevant question is whether the assessment of gravity may be made before the issuance by the Pre-Trial Chamber of a warrant for the suspect’s arrest or a summons for the suspect to appear, which the chapter argues is impermissible in all but the most exceptional circumstances.
The Function of the Gravity Criterion for Admissibility in Article 17(1)(d) of the Rome Statute
Authors: Urs Priya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recapitulating the application of Article 17(1)(d) of the Rome Statute proposed in Chapters 2, 3, and 4, this chapter argues that the function of the gravity criterion in the context of the Prosecutor’s decisions whether to investigate and whether to prosecute is not the exclusion of cases of marginal gravity only, as is the suggestion of the Appeals Chamber. The function of the gravity criterion in this context is the allocation of investigative and prosecutorial resources. Examining the suggestions in the existing scholarship as to how to justify the selectivity of investigations and prosecutions at the Court, the chapter finds unpersuasive both the proposal to include an additional policy criterion of ‘relative gravity’ over and above the admissibility requirement of sufficient gravity in Article 17(1)(d) and the suggestion that the ‘interests of justice’ criterion better facilitates the allocation of resources. It concludes with recommendations for the practice of the Court and for the use of a criterion of gravity to the same end at other international or national criminal courts.