bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of plant density on the survival rate of cabbage pests
Authors: Yamamura K. , Yano Eizi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe population density of herbivores depends on the spatial scale as well as the temporal scale. In a small‐scale, short‐term experiment, the number of individuals entering from the surrounding area will be most influential in determining the herbivore density. In large‐scale, long‐term experiments, however, the density of herbivores will rather be influenced by the survival rate of individuals inside the field because most of the herbivorous population derives from the parents that developed inside the field. If we want to predict the large‐scale long‐term density of herbivores, therefore, emphasis should be placed on the estimation of survival rate. To elucidate the effects of plant density on the large‐scale long‐term abundance of cabbage pests, we examined the survival rates of three lepidopterous pests, the small white butterfly Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval (Pieridae), the beet semi‐looper Autographa nigrisigna (Walker) (Noctuidae), and the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Yponomeutidae) under two levels of plant spacing (sparse plot, 2 m × 2 m interval; dense plot, 0.5 m × 0.5 m interval). The experiment with four blocks was repeated in two seasons. The number of eggs per plant was larger in the sparse plots than in the dense plots for all species. The survival rate of eggs and larvae, on the contrary, was lower in the sparse plots than in the dense plots. The lower survival rate of eggs in the sparse plots was mainly caused by the density dependency, while the lower survival rate of larvae in the sparse plots was mainly caused by the direct effects of plant density. It was thus suggested that the density of herbivores may become lower in the sparsely planted field in the long run because of the higher mortality of larvae.
At what age are children most likely to be bullied at school?
Authors: Eslea Mike , Rees Josette 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCross‐sectional questionnaire surveys of school bullying reliably find that the frequency of incidents falls with age. However, it is not clear how much of this decline is due to a real change in behaviour, and how much to children’s changing definitions of what bullying is. This paper presents the results of two retrospective studies in an attempt to assess at what ages bullying is really most likely to occur. Male and female adults aged 18–55 years (n1 = 205 and n2 = 200) completed questionnaires about their memories of being bullied at school. Results showed that bullying was most frequently remembered from around 11–13 years of age, with incidents from earlier and later childhood being reported comparatively rarely. There were no differences between the reports of younger (18–21 years) and older (22–55 years) participants or between those of males and females. Bullying memories were also compared with memories for other aspects of childhood to assess the accuracy of these memories. It is concluded that the most memorable (and therefore perhaps the most severe) bullying is that which occurs in middle childhood. Aggr. Behav. 27:419–429, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children involved in bullying
Authors: Kumpulainen Kirsti , Räsänen Eila , Puura Kaija 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study had two aims: to evaluate the relationship between bullying and psychiatric disorders and to study the probability of using mental health services among children involved in bully/victim problems. The data consisted of interviews with 423 parents and 420 children. Diagnostic measures were based on the Isle of Wight Interview. Children involved in bullying as bullies, bully‐victims, and victims were compared with other children. Children involved in bully/victim problems were more prone to have psychiatric disorders than noninvolved children. The probability of being disturbed was highest among male bullies, followed by male bully‐victims and female victims (9.5‐fold, 7.9‐fold, and 4.3‐fold, respectively) compared with noninvolved same‐sex children. The most common diagnoses among children involved in bully/victim problems were attention deficit disorder, oppositional/conduct disorder, and depression. Furthermore, children involved in bully/victim problems were more likely to have used mental health services at some time during their lives and also during the previous 3 months. Special attention should be paid to children’s mental health when dealing with bullying problems at school. Referral pathways to mental health services and factors affecting the referral processes among children should be further studied. Aggr. Behav. 27:102–110, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency of anti‐heparin‐platelet factor 4 antibodies in hemodialysis patients and correlation with recurrent vascular access thrombosis
Authors: O'Shea Susan I. , Sands Jeffrey J. , Nudo Sybil A. , Ortel Thomas L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), characterized by the formation of antibodies to a complex of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin, is a well‐recognized risk factor for thromboembolic complications. The frequency of antibody development varies among patient populations. Hemodialysis patients have repeated heparin exposure and should be at risk of developing HIT. This might, contribute to the development of vascular access thrombosis. We prospectively evaluated 88 hemodialysis patients for the presence of anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies. Eighteen patients (20%) had a prior history of 1 or more prior access thrombosis. One patient (1.14%), without a history of graft thrombosis, tested positive for anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies. In our study, the presence of anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies was rare and was not increased in patients with a history of vascular access thrombosis. Am. J. Hematol. 69:72‐73, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase p21WAF1 and induce apoptosis of human myeloma cell lines independent of decreased IL‐6 receptor expression
Authors: Lavelle Donald , Chen Yi‐Hsiang , Hankewych Maria , DeSimone Joseph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors cause growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells by both p21‐dependent and independent mechanisms. Decreased expression of growth factor receptors may be a key factor in the p21‐independent mechanism, although this has not been directly tested. We have tested the effects of sodium butyrate and trichostatin A on human myeloma cell lines and have observed G1 arrest and apoptosis associated with increased expression of p21WAF1, Bax, Rb dephosphorylation, and decreased IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) expression. Experiments to determine the role of disruption of IL‐6 signaling as a result of decreased IL‐6 receptor expression in mediating these effects were conducted using a stable transfectant of the OPM‐2 line which constitutively expressed the IL‐6 receptor. Our results indicated that decreased IL‐6R expression was not required for induction of p21WAF1 or apoptosis. Thus, HDAC inhibitors appear to activate multiple cellular pathways, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis, and their use in the treatment of myeloma, particularly in combination with other agents, warrants further investigation. Am. J. Hematol. 68:170–178, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential workloads of boys and girls in rural Nepal and their association with growth
Authors: Yamanaka Miki , Ashworth Ann 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn developing countries, heavy workloads of women adversely affect their nutritional status and that of their children. Little is known, however, about the effect of children's heavy workloads on their own well‐being. In Nepal, girls are expected to help their mothers in time‐consuming and energy‐demanding tasks from an early age. The aim of this study was to compare work patterns and anthropometric status of boys and girls age 6–17 years in western rural Nepal. It was hypothesized that girls would work longer and harder than boys and would have poorer growth status. It was also anticipated that children's work patterns might differ between highland and lowland areas. Two study sites were therefore chosen: one in the hills and the other in the lowland terai. A time allocation study was conducted for 237 children. They were observed continuously from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM to determine the time spent in light, moderate, and heavy activities. Body weights and heights were also measured. On average, girls worked twice as long as boys (5.8 vs. 2.8 h/day, P < 0.001) and undertook more heavy work (1.5 vs. 0.7 h/day, (P < 0.001), but they did not have poorer anthropometric status. Children in the hills worked longer hours and did heavier work than those in the terai and were more stunted in growth. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:356–363, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposures associated with serum organochlorine levels among postmenopausal women from Western New York state
Authors: Moysich Kirsten B. , Ambrosone Christine B. , Mendola Pauline , Kostyniak Paul J. , Greizerstein Hebe B. , Vena John E. , Menezes Ravi J. , Swede Helen , Shields Peter G. , Freudenheim Jo. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundOrganochlorines, such as 2,2‐bis (4‐chlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dichloroethylene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are lipophilic compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment and may cause adverse health effects in humans.MethodsWe examined the correlation between epidemiological exposure variables and serum DDE, PCB, and HCB levels in a sample of 192 healthy, female postmenopausal western New York residents; a subset of the control group from a case–control study on breast cancer risk. Usual diet, reproductive and medical histories, and other lifestyle information were obtained by an extensive in person interview. Serum levels (ng/g) of DDE, HCB, and 69 PCB congeners were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Statistical analyses included computations of crude and age and lipid adjusted correlation coefficients, as well as multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsResults indicated that the strongest predictors for serum DDE levels were age, serum lipids, parity, and fruit and dairy consumption. Statistically significant predictors of PCB levels included age, serum lipids, parity, and fish consumption. Serum HCB levels were related to age, serum lipids, and fruit and red meat consumption.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with previous investigations that reported strong associations between organochlorine levels and age and serum lipids. The absence of other data showing an association between fruit intake and organochlorine levels make the importance of this finding unclear. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:102–110, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational stress and work‐related upper extremity disorders: Concepts and models*
Authors: Huang Grant D. , Feuerstein Michael , Sauter Steven L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWhile research has suggested that interventions targeted at occupational stress (job stress) factors may improve clinical and work outcomes related to work‐related musculoskeletal disorders, the emerging hypotheses relating occupational stress to work‐related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs) are not particularly well known among occupational health providers and researchers.MethodsGeneric job stress and health models and multivariable models of WRUEDs were described and evaluated.ResultsModels on occupational stress and health/WRUEDs offer unique perspectives on the role of occupational stressors on WRUEDs. However, the limited support for the structure and proposed mechanisms of these models suggest that investigations examining and validating proposed biobehavioral pathways are still needed.DiscussionDifficulties in conceptualizing occupational stress have, in the past, hindered its systematic incorporation into occupational health research and prevention/intervention strategies. The present paper provides a common basis for researchers and practitioners with diverse backgrounds to understand job stress and its relation to WRUEDs in order to enhance future efforts. Given the present limitations in the field and the need for comprehensive approaches to WRUEDs, there is great potential for occupational health researchers and clinicians to advance knowledge in this area. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:298–314, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teratogenesis of holoprosencephaly
Authors: Cohen M. Michael , Shiota Kohei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTeratogenic causes of holoprosencephaly are critically assessed. A brief general review of holoprosencephaly is followed by four tables summarizing etiologic factors. Subjects evaluated here include: 1) maternal diabetes; 2) ethyl alcohol; 3) retinoic acid; 4) mutated genes and teratogens involving the sonic hedgehog signaling network and cholesterol biosynthesis; and 5) cholesterol trafficking, sterol adducts, target tissue response, and sterol sensing domain. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of existence of a new syndrome: LAPS syndrome
Authors: Lindor Noralane M. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Hoffman Alan D. , Parisi Joseph E. , Wang Hongwei , Warman Matthew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn l998, Hopkin et al. described a new disorder characterized by progressive laryngotracheal stenosis, short stature, and arthropathy. We provide extensive clinical information on two additional unrelated patients with this distinctive disorder and propose the name LAPS syndrome, to reflect the most consistently recognized features, namely, Laryngotracheal stenosis, Arthropathy, Prognathism, and Short stature. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTEN mutation in a family with Cowden syndrome and autism
Authors: Goffin Aleide , Hoefsloot Lies H. , Bosgoed Ermanno , Swillen Ann , Fryns Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a mother and son with Cowden syndrome and a PTEN mutation. The boy also exhibits autistic behavior and mental retardation, while his mother has a normal intelligence and social interaction pattern. We review the scanty literature data on the association of Cowden syndrome and autism and emphasize that the association of progressive macrocephaly and pervasive developmental disorder seems to be an indication for screening for PTEN mutations. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome 1q12–q22 linkage results in eastern Québec families affected by schizophrenia
Authors: Maziade Michel , Fournier Alain , Phaneuf Daniel , Cliche Denis , Fournier Jean‐Pierre , Roy Marc‐André , Mérette Chantal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn impressive LOD score of 6.5 has recently been reported for schizophrenia on chromosome 1q21–22 in large families from eastern Canada [Brzustowicz et al.,2000: Science 288:678–682]. We did not reproduce such a finding in large pedigrees of eastern Québec based on seven markers spanning the 1p13–1q22 region and using both the models and phenotypes of Brzustowicz et al. and those used in our ongoing genome scan in 21 large French Canadian families. There was no significant total LOD scores in that chromosomal region (a maximum of 0.57) either for schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, nor any signal in individual large pedigrees. However, the samples of Brzustowicz et al. and ours differed in terms of their origins, the latter being of French ancestry and the former of Celtic and German descent. Population difference, genetic heterogeneity, and differences in ascertainment might explain the lack of replication. The result reported by Brzustowicz et al. cannot be discarded and should probably be considered as a susceptibility locus for a subset of the schizophrenic population. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
McLeod neuroacanthocytosis: Genotype and phenotype
Authors: Danek Adrian , Rubio Justin P. , Rampoldi Luca , Ho Mengfatt , Dobson‐Stone Carol , Tison François , Symmans William A. , Oechsner Matthias , Kalckreuth Wolfgang , Watt Julie M. , Corbett Alastair J. , Hamdalla Hisham H. M. , Marshall Andrew G. , Sutton Ian , Dotti Maria Teresa , Malandrini Alessandro , Walker Ruth H. , Daniels Geoff , Monaco Anthony P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMcLeod syndrome is caused by mutations of XK, an X‐chromosomal gene of unknown function. Originally defined as a peculiar Kell blood group variant, the disease affects multiple organs, including the nervous system, but is certainly underdiagnosed. We analyzed the mutations and clinical findings of 22 affected men, aged 27 to 72 years. Fifteen different XK mutations were found, nine of which were novel, including the one of the eponymous case McLeod. Their common result is predicted absence or truncation of the XK protein. All patients showed elevated levels of muscle creatine phosphokinase, but clinical myopathy was less common. A peripheral neuropathy with areflexia was found in all but 2 patients. The central nervous system was affected in 15 patients, as obvious from the occurrence of seizures, cognitive impairment, psychopathology, and choreatic movements. Neuroimaging emphasized the particular involvement of the basal ganglia, which was also detected in 1 asymptomatic young patient. Most features develop with age, mainly after the fourth decade. The resemblance of McLeod syndrome with Huntington's disease and with autosomal recessive chorea‐acanthocytosis suggests that the corresponding proteins—XK, huntingtin, and chorein—might belong to a common pathway, the dysfunction of which causes degeneration of the basal ganglia.
Accelerated hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease with apolipoprotein E ε4 allele
Authors: Mori Etsuro , Lee KangUk , Yasuda Minoru , Hashimoto Mamoru , Kazui Hiroaki , Hirono Nobutsugu , Matsui Mieko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough apolipoprotein E ε4 is an established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, its effect on the rate of progression of Alzheimer's disease remains unknown. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to elucidate whether the rate of hippocampal atrophy is a function of the apolipoprotein E genotypes and severity of disease. Fifty‐five patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were the subjects. The annual rate of hippocampal atrophy was determined by using magnetic resonance imaging repeated at a 1‐year interval. On a two‐way analysis of variance, the effect of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele on hippocampal atrophy was significant, but neither the effect of severity nor the interaction term was significant. In further analysis with one‐way analysis of variance, the mean annual rate of hippocampal atrophy was significantly different between the groups of patients with (9.76 ± 4.27%) and without the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (6.99 ± 4.24%). Apolipoprotein E ε4 dose was significantly correlated with the rate of hippocampal atrophy (rs = 0.277, Spearman rank correlation coefficient), suggesting a gene dose effect. The involvement of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in the progression of hippocampal atrophy has implications for therapeutic approaches in Alzheimer's disease and should be taken into consideration in longitudinal studies including clinical drug trials.
Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines from the international panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: McDonald W. Ian , Compston Alistair , Edan Gilles , Goodkin Donald , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Lublin Fred D. , McFarland Henry F. , Paty Donald W. , Polman Chris H. , Reingold Stephen C. , Sandberg‐Wollheim Magnhild , Sibley William , Thompson Alan , Van Den Noort Stanley , Weinshenker Brian Y. , Wolinsky Jerry S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe International Panel on MS Diagnosis presents revised diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS). The focus remains on the objective demonstration of dissemination of lesions in both time and space. Magnetic resonance imaging is integrated with clinical and other paraclinical diagnostic methods. The revised criteria facilitate the diagnosis of MS in patients with a variety of presentations, including “monosymptomatic” disease suggestive of MS, disease with a typical relapsing‐remitting course, and disease with insidious progression, without clear attacks and remissions. Previously used terms such as “clinically definite” and “probable MS” are no longer recommended. The outcome of a diagnostic evaluation is either MS, “possible MS” (for those at risk for MS, but for whom diagnostic evaluation is equivocal), or “not MS.”
Long‐term hyperexcitability in the hippocampus after experimental head trauma
Authors: Santhakumar Vijayalakshmi , Ratzliff Anna D. H. , Jeng Jade , Toth Zsolt , Soltesz Ivan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHead injury is a causative factor in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. However, whether a single episode of concussive head trauma causes a persistent increase in neuronal excitability in the limbic system has not been unequivocally determined. This study used the rodent fluid percussion injury (FPI) model, in combination with electrophysiological and histochemical techniques, to investigate the early (1 week) and long‐term (1 month or longer) changes in the hippocampus after head trauma. Low‐frequency, single‐shock stimulation of the perforant path revealed an early granule cell hyperexcitability in head‐injured animals that returned to control levels by 1 month. However, there was a persistent decrease in threshold to induction of seizure‐like electrical activity in response to high‐frequency tetanic stimulation in the hippocampus after head injury. Timm staining revealed both early‐ and long‐term mossy fiber sprouting at low to moderate levels in the dentate gyrus of animals that experienced FPI. There was a long‐lasting increase in the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dentate granule cells after FPI, and ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists selectively decreased the spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency in the head‐injured animals. These results demonstrate that a single episode of experimental closed head trauma induces long‐lasting alterations in the hippocampus. These persistent structural and functional alterations in inhibitory and excitatory circuits are likely to influence the development of hyperexcitable foci in posttraumatic limbic circuits.
Synthesis and characterization of epoxy‐acrylate composite latex
Authors: Pan Guirong , Wu Limin , Zhang Zhuqing , Li Dan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA waterborne epoxy‐acrylate composite latex was synthesized. The effects of the concentration of the initiator, surfactant, and epoxy resin on the particle size, molecular weight, and grafting ratios of the composite latex were investigated. The increase of the concentration of the initiator and epoxy resin led to the decrease of the weight‐average molecular weight. The graft ratios increased with an increase in the initiator level and a decrease in the epoxy resin concentration whereas the variation of the concentration of the surfactant did not have much influence on the graft ratios. The increase in the initiator level caused the aggrandizement of the particle size, and the increase of the concentration of the surfactant and epoxy resin caused a decrease in the latex particle size. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance indicated that the epoxy resin molecules were enriched in the mold‐facing surface in the film from the composite latex. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and Instron test showed that the polymer films cast by the composite latex had lower tensile strength and glass transition than those by the blend latex. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1736–1743, 2002