bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation characteristics of an antenna for a small radio terminal in vicinity of a human body
Authors: Saito Yutaka , Nagano Isamu , Yagitani Satoshi , Haruki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a design guideline is presented for an antenna for a small radio terminal placed in various locations on a human body. Typical installation conditions include wearing it on the chest and holding it by hand. The radiation patterns in the vertical plane of a λ/4 monopole antenna for a card‐type terminal attached to a human body are measured at 2 GHz. When it is worn on the chest, the efficiency changes significantly between 18 and 80% if the spacing between the antenna and the chest is 10 to 35 mm. Since the radiation in the vertical plane in front of the human body has a null in the horizontal plane as in free space, the pattern averaging gain (PAG) has a low value of less than −8 dBd. On the other hand, when it is operated in the hand, the efficiency is constant at about 60%. Unlike the case in free space, the radiation pattern in the vertical plane shows strong radiation in the horizontal direction so that the PAG is as high as about −4 dBd. Next, by means of the FDTD method, the effects of various human body parts on the radiation characteristics are analyzed. When it is worn on the chest, both the power absorption and the radiation pattern are dominantly influenced by the trunk of the body. Hence, in the analysis and measurement, only the trunk needs to be taken into account. When it is operated in the hand, the power absorption by the hand and arm and the reflection from the head and trunk are dominant. It is therefore necessary to take into account the entire upper body in the analysis and measurement. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(6): 1–10, 2002
ELF/VLF direction‐finding taking account of earth‐ionosphere waveguide effect
Authors: Sakai Tomoya , Shimakura Shin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEstimation of the transmission point in the ionosphere for ELF/VLF waves arriving at the ground after propagation in the magnetosphere is performed by MUSIC, an estimation method having high resolution. This paper not only constructs an estimation method based on the observation data model common to various direction‐finding methods, but also proposes a method of estimating the direction and polarization of the direct wave by using a model that expresses the propagation effects between the ground and the ionosphere in terms of superposition of multiply reflected waves. In the simulation assuming observation of three electromagnetic field components on the ground, the results of estimation by both methods are compared. It is confirmed that the estimated values are superior to those obtained by the conventional methods if more than 10 reflections are taken into account for estimation of a transmission point that is far away with a large angle of incidence at the observation point. Even when the wave is transmitted through the spread‐out region in the lower ionosphere, the direction of the center of the transmission region can be estimated by MUSIC taking account of multiply reflected waves. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(9): 21–30, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1122
Design of stress testing focused on resource
Authors: Nishi Yasuharu , Iizuka Yoshinori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA stress test is a vital element of software system testing. Although experiential methods have already been proposed, no systematic design method using models has been proposed. In this paper the authors first survey the viewpoint of experienced engineers, then clarify the importance of focusing on resources. Next they expand their concept of resources, then perform a causal analysis of problems using a resource state model. Based on these causes, the authors propose a design method and design process for stress test items. In addition, the authors provide an applied example of their proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(10): 51–68, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10044
Validity of a motion‐detection model characterized by cooperation between accommodation and motion‐detection mechanisms
Authors: Matsui Toshikazu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new motion‐detection model characterized by cooperation between its accommodation and motion‐detection mechanisms has been shown to be effective not only in detecting multiple motion velocities but also in theoretically reproducing perceptual responses to moving images. However, the validity of the model's cooperative operation is not necessarily demonstrated. This paper compares the model's motion‐detection characteristics with the actual ones including accommodation characteristics for multiple drifting sine waves to verify the cooperative operation. The experimental results support the model's underlying idea of a cooperation between the accommodation and motion‐detection mechanisms in human vision. Moreover, the model's cooperation characteristics agree well with the actual ones in the following three aspects: (1) different accommodative states were selected depending on which component wave's motion was the center of attention; (2) at each accommodative state, the attention‐getting wave's motion was detected correctly and stably; (3) the degree of the retinal image's blur increased as the attention‐getting wave's spatial frequency decreased. These results suggest that the cooperative motion‐detection model is valid as a model of the motion‐detection mechanism in human vision including the accommodation mechanism. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(5): 35–45, 2002
Neural network approximation to nonlinear dynamics by velocity error backpropagation
Authors: Ishii Hidenori , Aiyoshi Eitaro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a new type of recurrent neural network (RNN) and its learning algorithm for nonlinear dynamics, called “Velocity‐Error Backpropagation (VEBP).”In VEBP, learning is performed in two steps: (a) The velocity vector field of reference trajectories is approximated by a feedforward neural network (NN) with biconnection layers by backpropagating the velocity errors directly. (b) The RNN is constructed by adding integrators and output feedback loops to the trained feedforward NN.VEBP has some advantages over “backpropagation through time (BPTT),” the conventional learning method for RNNs. The effectiveness of the presented RNN and its learning algorithm is demonstrated by simulation results for some examples of nonlinear dynamics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 26–35, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10011
Nonlinear optical properties and morphologies of vanadyl‐phthalocyanine thin films prepared on polyethylene‐terephthalate film
Authors: Souma Takahiro , Furuhashi Hideo , Yoshikawa Toshio , Maeda Akinori , Uchida Yoshiyuki , Kojima Kenzo , Ohashi Asao , Ochiai Shizuyasu , Mizutani Teruyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) crystal thin films were prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film. The VOPc film prepared on PET substrate at 120 °C had Phase II. The third harmonic (TH) intensity of the VOPc film was measured by the marker fringe method. The third optical susceptibility (χ(3)) estimated from TH intensity is 3.5 × 10−9 esu. The transition from Phase I to Phase II of the VOPc film was enhanced with corona charging. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 36–43, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10022
Modeling of effective margin angle characteristics and AC voltage stability analysis of CCC
Authors: Funaki Tsuyoshi , Tsubota Shinji , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA capacitor commutated converter (CCC) has a simple circuit topology of a series capacitor placed between the valve and the converter transformer in each phase. The series capacitor mitigates the inverter operation of a CCC by assisting the commutation with the voltage charged in it. However, it does not guarantee complete commutation in any conditions, for a valve does not have self‐extinction ability. Therefore, precise analysis of the commutation process of a CCC is required to secure its operation. First, the formulation of the interrelation among the converter parameters—AC voltage, DC voltage, firing delay angle, overlap angle, and effective commutation margin angle—is presented. The firing delay angle at a given effective margin angle is calculated by using the obtained equations, which can be applied to constant extinction angle control. Next, we assess the AC voltage stability of an AC/DC link, when constant extinction angle control is applied to the inverter of CCC. The calculated voltage stability factor (VSF) shows that the commutation capacitor improves the AC voltage stability of constant extinction angle control at the inverter linked to a weak AC system, but it differs by the rectifier operation mode and compensation factor of the commutation capacitor. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(4): 38–47, 2001
Analysis model of leakage current in a long shield power cable in inverter‐fed AC drives
Authors: Funato Hirohito , Bandou Masashi , Kamiyama Kenzo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEach time switching occurs, a PWM inverter produces high‐frequency leakage currents flowing through stray capacitors. Since the inverter for a trash conveyance crane is installed far away from the motor, the shield power cables between them become long, and leakage currents pass through the stray capacitances of the shielded cables and flow to the ground. This paper proposes a model circuit for analyzing leakage currents which flow into the shields of the cables. The effectiveness of the proposed model circuit is verified by comparison of simulated leakage currents using the proposed method and measured leakage currents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 65–72, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.2002
Ambivalence, conflict, and decision making: attitudes and feelings in Germany towards NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo war
Authors: Hänze Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo hundred and thirty‐four persons were surveyed to assess personality aspects (action versus state orientation, need for cognition, faith in intuition) and emotional aspects of their attitudes towards the NATO military intervention in the Kosovo war in the spring of 1999. Additionally, in an imagined scenario they were asked to decide whether they would sign a petition addressed to the German government protesting against military intervention. Three ways of dealing with this decision were differentiated: (1) decisive action, (2) avoiding the decision conflict, and (3) elaborating the decision problem with the goal of building up feelings to guide action (amplification). Correlations between the variables were evaluated using path analysis in order to predict the decision strategy from personality dimensions and attitude variables (ambivalence, involvement). High action orientation caused low attitude ambivalence and high personal involvement in the topic. Strong ambivalence prevented swift action and supported a tendency towards elaboration and amplification of feelings. Involvement had a favorable effect on action readiness and a negative effect on conflict‐avoiding strategies. Moreover, it moderated the effects of ambivalence on the preference for conflict management strategies. The results confirm theoretical approaches that stress the importance of affect for acting and deciding. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a major aromatic DNA adduct detected in human breast tissues
Authors: Li Donghui , Wang Mianying , Firozi Pervez Firoz , Chang Ping , Zhang Weiqing , Baer‐Dubowska Wanda , Moorthy Bhagavatula , Vulimiri Suryanarayana V. , Goth‐Goldstein Regine , Weyand Eric H. , DiGiovanni John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA bulky DNA adduct (Spot 1) was previously detected in normal adjacent breast tissues of 41% (36/87) of women with breast cancer and in none (0/29) of the noncancer controls by 32P‐postlabeling. To characterize this adduct, it was chromatographically compared with DNA adduct profiles generated in several in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. First, MCF‐7 cells were exposed to a number of chemical carcinogens, that is, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 4‐OH‐B[a]P, 9‐OH‐B[a]P, 11‐OH‐B[a]P, B[a]P‐trans‐4,5‐dihydrodiol, 1‐nitropyrene, 6‐nitrochrysene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, 3‐methylcholanthrene, and 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine. Spot 1 was detected as a minor adduct in cells treated with B[a]P but not other compounds. Second, to determine whether Spot 1 is derived from lipid peroxidation products or estrogen metabolites, it was compared with adduct profiles of cells or DNAs exposed to 17β‐estradiol, 4‐hydroxy estradiol, 4‐hydroxynonenal, or oxidized oat oil. Spot 1 was not detectable in these samples. In addition, Spot 1 did not comigrate with the 1,N2‐ethenodeoxyguanosine adduct standard. Third, to explore the mechanism of Spot 1 formation, it was compared with adduct profiles detected in DNA or mononucleotides reacted with BPDE, 1‐OH‐7,8‐dihydrodiol of B[a]P, and 3‐OH‐7,8‐dihydrodiol of B[a]P as well as in rats orally treated with B[a]P. Spot 1 comigrated with a minor adduct in BPDE‐treated DNA during anion exchange rechromatography but these two adducts were separated by partition chromatography. Spot 1 also behaved in a manner that was very similar to that of the polar B[a]P adducts detected in rat liver, but the two adducts were separated by HPLC. Fourth, Spot 1 was compared with CD1 mice exposed to 7H‐benzo[c]fluorene (B[c]F). Spot 1 from some patients comigrated with a major adduct induced by B[c]F. Finally, we found that the presence of Spot 1 in human breast tissues was not related to smoking status but, rather, with CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism. The CYP1A1 mutant carriers had a significantly higher frequency of this adduct than did the wild‐type genotypes. Furthermore, individuals with Spot 1 had a significantly higher staining intensity for BPDE–PAH adducts in their tissue sections than those without it. These results demonstrate that this major bulky DNA adduct detected in human breast tissues is related to PAH exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:193–200, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effect of amifostine in idarubicin‐treated mice
Authors: de Campos Nebel Marcelo , Larripa Irene , González‐Cid Marcela 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study we evaluated the antigenotoxic and cytoprotective capabilities of WR‐2721 [S‐2‐(3‐aminopropylamino)‐ethylphosphorothioic acid (amifostine)] in different normal tissues of BALB/c mice treated with idarubicin [4‐demethoxydaunorubicin (IDA)]. The aminothiol WR‐2721 is a pro‐drug that requires dephosphorylation to its active metabolite WR‐1065, to produce selectively cytoprotective activity in normal tissues exposed to radio‐ and chemotherapeutic agents, without protecting malignant tissues. IDA is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against hematological diseases, but produces a broad spectrum of toxicity in nontumoral cells. Animals were injected intravenously with WR‐2721 (250 mg/kg) or IDA (6 mg/kg) and WR‐2721/IDA. Micronuclei frequency in bone marrow was measured 24 and 48 hr after initiation of the treatments. The IDA‐treated group showed increased levels of micronuclei. However, the WR‐2721‐ and WR‐2721/IDA‐treated groups did not show differences from the controls. Genetic damage was evaluated by alkaline single‐cell gel electrophoresis at 24‐hr posttreatments. Important DNA damage was observed in liver, spleen, and peripheral blood cells of mice treated with IDA. The presence of WR‐2721 diminished that damaging effect only in liver cells. The apoptotic index was measured in liver and spleen tissues by the TUNEL assay 14 and 24 hr after treatment. In liver we observed an increased percentage of apoptotic cells at 24 hr for the IDA‐treated group, whereas the WR‐2721 and WR‐2721/IDA groups remained at low levels. Splenic cells treated with IDA and WR‐2721/IDA showed increased DNA fragmentation levels at any time. In conclusion, WR‐2721 has a tissue‐specific antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effect in IDA‐treated mice using these experimental conditions. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:3–9, 2002 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity index estimation by adaptive sampling
Authors: Battista Tonio di 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of diversity indices is adopted in surveys on biological population to quantify species diversity. However, when the population is clustered and spread in a very wide area, usual sampling designs provide estimators with large variances. In this case, if the study area is partitioned into a frame of sub‐areas, a suitable design is constituted by adaptive sampling. The adaptive sampling ensures that the abundance vector estimator is unbiased and more accurate than that obtained with simple random sampling. However, the corresponding diversity index estimator, which can be viewed as a function of the abundance vector estimator, is biased for finite samples. Accordingly, we propose the jackknife procedure in order to reduce the bias. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐attentive exposure to the thin female beauty ideal does not affect women's mood, self‐esteem and eating behaviour
Authors: Jansen Anita , de Vries Maaike 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExposure to the thin beauty ideal has been found to decrease women's mood and self‐esteem as well as to increase self‐reported eating pathology. In the present study, it was tested whether the changes in mood, self‐esteem and eating behaviour could be activated outside of conscious attention by ultrashort exposure to either slides of thin media models, obese models or neutral slides. The subliminal exposure did not affect women's mood and self‐esteem in the expected way and the eating behaviour of restrained and unrestrained subjects was unaffected by the manipulation. It is concluded that pre‐attentive exposure to the thin beauty ideal had no devastating effect on the well‐being of women. Note that data from supraliminal studies may be seriously confounded by demand characteristics like answering in a socially desirable way. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Body mass index and its impact on the therapeutic alliance in the work with eating disorder patients
Authors: Toman Erika 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present study we examined the hypothesis that in bulimic patients the body mass index (BMI) has an important impact on the therapeutic relationship. For each of 18 patients with differing BMIs, two therapists were each interviewed separately about their experiences of working with the patient. Transcriptions of the interviews were rated by two independent raters on a catalogue of nine criteria concerning feelings and attitudes of therapists toward patients. Factor analysis showed two main components:‘close–protective’ and ‘distant–confrontative’. The heavier the patient, the higher was the probability of the emotional atmosphere being rated as ‘distant–confrontative’. With thinner patients the atmosphere was more often rated as ‘close–protective’. Age also had some influence on the characteristics of the therapeutic relationship: with older patients, the therapeutic relationship tended towards ‘distant‐confrontative’. Whether and in which way these differences have an impact on treatment and outcome has not been examined by the presented study and needs further investigations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evolutionary archeology: Current status and future prospects
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Lyman R. Lee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDarwinian evolution can be defined minimally as “any net directional change or any cumulative change in the characteristics of … populations over many generations—in other words, descent with modification”1 (p. 5). In archeology the population comprises artifacts, which are conceived of as phenotypic.2–4 Extension of the human phenotype to include ceramic vessels, projectile points, and the like is based on the notion that artifacts are material expressions of behavior, which itself is phenotypic. Archeology's unique claim within the natural sciences is its access to past phenotypic characters. Thus, historical questions are the most obvious ones archeologists can ask, although admittedly this is hardly a strong warrant for asking them. But if the issue is evolution, then historical questions must be asked. Posing and answering historical questions is the goal of evolutionary archeology.5.
Advances in modelling heat transfer through wood framed walls in fire
Authors: Clancy P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDescribed in this paper are advances made in modelling heat transfer through wood framed walls in fire. Previously unpublished experimental results are also given. This type of modelling is used for the determination of the performance of fire safety systems, such as wood framed wall barriers, in accordance with new performance‐based building regulations being introduced around the world. Advances include a discrete modelling method for radiative heat transfer in cavities with re‐entrant corners and gaps formed by the shrinkage of stud cross‐sections. It has been shown that the formation of the gaps can prevent temperatures rising in the fire side of studs by as much as 100–200°C. A simple means of modelling heat transfer by the movement of moisture and vapour, involving the modification of conductivity values has been developed. Sloughing of gypsum board sheets has been satisfactorily modelled assuming that a sheet sloughs when the temperature on the surface opposite the fire reaches the melting point of glass fibres in the gypsum board; that is, approximately 700°C. Recommendations on thermal properties obtained independently by other researchers are presented. Overall, the advances improve temperature predictions and broaden the range of walls that can be modelled including staggered stud walls as well as ordinary cavity walls. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.