bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoropolymer‐Single Crystal Nanocomposite Based Transducer Fabrication for Bio‐Imaging
Authors: Singh Nagendra , Biswas S K 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFluoropolymer alone, as an alternative to lead‐based piezoelectric materials, has shown multiple challenges to develop useful sensors for solving real‐world problems such as photoacoustic, ultrasound pulse echo, and other non‐destructive testing. This work demonstrates the fabrication of high frequency and wide bandwidth transducers with fluoropolymer and highly polarizing cubic single crystal Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramic composite for high resolution in‐vivo photo‐acoustic and ultrasound imaging. For transducer fabrication, a customized bio‐compatible nanocomposite sensor film of PVDF‐TrFE (Polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene)/BaTiO3 (BTO) is synthesized by drop and dry in heating‐cum‐electro‐poling system for advancing polarization, crystallinity, and higher charge generation. The ratio of nanofiller cubic single crystal BTO and PVDF‐TrFE is optimized using characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD and electrometer. Thereafter, SEM and TGA analyses are performed to study the surface morphology and thermal stability of the sensing film. Transducers with central frequencies varying from 17 to 42MHz are fabricated and tested for both pulse‐echo mode and receiving photoacoustic signals. These transducers are used for sensing photoacoustic signals generated from hemoglobin and eumelanin and further for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. The imaging results are compared with the results obtained using a commercial ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging device. To the best of the knowledge and available literature, for the first time, the fabrication of ultrasound/photoacoustic transducers with cubic single‐crystal nanofiller and fluoropolymer nanocomposite is showed. The detailed transducer fabrication method, characterization results, and imaging of biological tissue using photoacoustic and ultrasound are presented.
Engineered Cell Membrane‐Coated Keratin Nanoparticles Attenuated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Remodeling the Disc Microenvironment
Authors: Xing Hongyuan , Li Run , Huang Zizhan , Gao Zhongyang , Mao Qijiang , Shen Yifan , Huang Guanrui , Chu Guangyu , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCharacterized by a cascade of profound changes in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and biomechanics, intervertebral disc degeneration is a common multifactorial condition that may lead to various degenerative lumbar disorders. Therapeutic strategies targeting a single factor have shown limited efficacy in treating disc degeneration, and approaches that address multiple pathological ingredients are barely reported. In this study, engineered cell membrane‐encapsulated keratin nanoparticles are developed to simultaneously alleviate NP cell senescence and promote ECM remodeling. To achieve this, salivary acid glycoengineered adipose mesenchymal stem cell membranes are used to coat keratin, a core protein for structural support and cellular protection. The synthesized cell membrane‐coated keratin nanoparticles (MKNs) effectively protected mitochondrial integrity in NP cells from oxidative stress‐induced damage. Moreover, MKNs modulate mitochondrial metabolism and attenuate NP cell senescence. In addition, MKNs activate integrins at the cell membrane and enhance the interactions between NP cells and ECM, resulting in increased ECM anabolism and decreased catabolism. The proposed multi‐targeted strategy to block the degenerative cycle inside the disc is efficacious for treating disc degeneration and may have the potential for clinical application.
Rheological Tunable Solid–Liquid Two‐Phased Binary Metals Enable Thermoplastic and Electronic Conductive Composites for Conductive Adhesives and Conductive Wires
Authors: Xin Yumeng , Cheng Yi , Zhou Biao , Ren Haidong , Yang Bingfu , Lou Yang , Zhou Jiancheng , Tao Chuanzhou 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThermoplastic conductive composites are significant materials in modern electronic technologies due to their universal fabrication conditions, phenomenal electrical conductivity, and remarkable mechanical properties. However, due to the heavy phase separation occurs during thermo‐processing between conductive inorganic fillers and polymer matrixes. Conventional thermoplastic conductive composites exhibit low electrical conductivity, and undesirable mechanical properties, which significantly restrict their applications. This work successfully arrives at the solution for the phase segregation by combining gallium‐stannum binary metal (Ga/Sn BM) and commercial ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer to successfully realize thermoplastic conductive composites. The thermoplastic conductive Ga/Sn BM‐EVA composites which exhibit remarkable thermal processability, ultrahigh electrical conductivity, and considerable mechanical performance. Rheological tunable solid‐liquid two‐phased Ga/Sn BM with tunable viscosities is the key to achieve excellent miscibility between fillers and polymers. The rheological measurement results demonstrate the critical viscosity matching between Ga/Sn BM and EVA copolymer for the successful fabrication of thermoplastic conductive composites. More importantly, the Ga/Sn BM‐EVA composites are adapted with classic polymer melt‐processing, which indicates the scalable production. The thermoplastic conductive Ga/Sn BM‐EVA composites emerge as an exciting substitute for electronic conductive hot melt adhesives and conductive wires in intelligent electronic technologies.
Top–Down Strategy Enabling Elastic Wood Nanocarbon Sponges with Wrinkled Multilayer Structure and High Compressive Strength for High‐Performance Compressible Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Song , Wan Caichao , Li Xingong , Jia Shanshan , Chen Ruwei , He Guanjie , Wu Yiqiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract3D porous carbon electrodes have attracted significant attention for advancing compressible supercapacitors (SCs) in flexible electronics. The micro‐ and nanoscale architecture critically influences the mechanical and electrochemical performance of these electrodes. However, achieving a balance between high compressive strength, electrochemical stability, and cost‐effective sustainable production remains challenging. Here, a superelastic wood nanocarbon sponge (WNCS) with a wrinkled multilayer structure is developed via a facile “top–down” design on natural wood. These unique wrinkled nanolayers effectively alleviate stress concentration through elastic deformation, resulting in a high compressive strength of 580.6 kPa at 70% reversible strain. The significantly increased specific surface area, coupled with abundant micro‐mesopores and highly graphitized nanocarbon, promotes rapid ion/electron transport, enabling the WNCS to achieve an ultrahigh capacitance of 4.21 F cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, along with excellent cyclic stability and rate capability. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) using a WNCS anode and a NiCo‐layered double hydroxide cathode retains 71.8% of its initial capacitance after 1000 compression cycles and withstands stress up to 1.03 MPa without capacitance degradation. This sustainable, cost‐effective WNCS shows great promise for flexible, compressible, and wearable electrochemical energy systems.
Regional brain iron correlates with transcriptional and cellular signatures in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yang Aocai , Luan Jixin , Xu Manxi , Du Lei , Lv Kuan , Hu Pianpian , Shu Ni , Yuan Zhen , Shmuel Amir , Ma Guolin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe link between overload brain iron and transcriptional/cellular signatures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive.METHODSIron deposition in 41 cortical and subcortical regions of 30 AD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs) was measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). The expression of 15,633 genes was estimated in the same regions using transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA). Partial least square (PLS) regression was used to identify the association between the healthy brain gene transcription and aberrant regional QSM signal in AD. The biological processes and cell types associated with the linked genes were evaluated.RESULTSGene ontological analyses showed that the first PLS component (PLS1) genes were enriched for biological processes relating to the “protein phosphorylation” and “metal ion transport”. Additionally, these genes were expressed in microglia (MG) and glutamatergic neurons (GLUs).DISCUSSIONOur findings provide mechanistic insights from transcriptional and cellular signatures into regional iron accumulation measured by QSM in AD.Highlights
Spatial patterns of iron deposition changes in AD correlate with cortical spatial expression genes in healthy subjects.
The identified gene transcription profile underlies aberrant iron accumulation in AD was enriched for biological processes relating to “protein phosphorylation” and “metal ion transport”.
The related genes were predominantly expressed in MG and GLUs.
Cross‐cultural validation of plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau181 as precision biomarkers for amyloid PET positivity: An East Asian study in Taiwan and Korea
Authors: Lin Yung‐Shuan , Kwon Hyuk Sung , Lee Wei‐Ju , Hwang Mina , Jeong Jee Hyang , Koh Seong‐Ho , Choi Seong Hye , Fuh Jong‐Ling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPlasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) biomarkers have improved Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but data from diverse Asian populations are limited. This study evaluated plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau181 levels in Korean and Taiwanese populations.METHODSAll participants (n = 270) underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and blood tests. Plasma p‐tau model‐derived probabilities of amyloid PET positivity (amyloid beta [Aβ]+) classified participants into low‐, intermediate‐, or high‐risk groups.RESULTSIn both cohorts, plasma p‐tau217 outperformed p‐tau181, especially in cognitively unimpaired participants (area under the curve = 0.921 [p‐tau217] vs. 0.769 [p‐tau181], Pdifference = 0.022). Including apolipoprotein E status and glial fibrillary acidic protein improved model fit. The negative predictive value of the low‐risk group and positive predictive value of the high‐risk group were 97.5% and 86.0%, respectively.DISCUSSIONPlasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau181 effectively predict Aβ+ among culturally different Asian populations. P‐tau217 performed better, especially in the early stages of AD. Plasma p‐tau217–based models reduced intermediate‐risk classifications, suggesting fewer amyloid PET scans needed to confirm the diagnosis.Highlights
The efficacy of plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 and p‐tau181 was analyzed in two Asian populations.
Plasma p‐tau217 performs better in predicting amyloid positron emission tomography positivity, especially in cognitively unimpaired subjects.
Adding apolipoprotein E and glial fibrillary acidic protein to p‐tau improved model accuracy.
The models from each cohort were confirmed in the other cohort.
Plasma p‐tau–based risk stratification may reduce the need for confirmatory tests.
Radical Homopolymerization of Arylsulfonylated α‐Olefins to Synthesize Polysulfones – a “SO2‐free” Approach
Authors: An Bang , Sun Lixing , Sun Tingting , Li Yifan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraditionally, α‐olefins have been regarded as non‐homopolymerizable substrates in textbook examples. However, they have the ability to copolymerize with sulfur dioxide, leading to the creation of alternating copolymers. These commodity poly(olefin sulfone)s exhibit a wide array of applications. Nevertheless, the synthesis process involving sulfur dioxide pose considerable hazards and practical difficulties. In this study, we report on the “SO2‐free” radical homopolymerization of sulfonyl α‐olefin monomers, resulting in the production of ABC sequence‐controlled poly(vinylbenzothiazole‐olefin‐sulfone)s. This unique radical polymerization process is enhanced by 1,4/1,5‐aryl migration, facilitated by the sulfonyl radicals involved in propagation. This demonstrated aryl group migration radical polymerization opens up new possibilities for synthesizing polysulfones with unprecedented main chain sequences and structures, which hold great promise as candidates for innovative polymeric materials.
Die Elektrochemische Iodierung von Elektronenarmen Aromaten
Authors: Torabi Sara , Jamshidi Mahdi , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDie direkte Iodierung von elektronenarmen Aromaten und Heteroaromaten ist ein seit langer Zeit ungelöstes Problem in der Organischen Synthese. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir die elektrochemische Iodierung in Nitromethan mit Bu4NI als Iodid‐Quelle und Leitsalz unter Lewis‐Säure freien Bedingungen in Anwesenheit von katalytischen Mengen von Chlorid‐Ionen. Das elektrochemisch generierte Reagenz konnte für die direkte Iodierung von halogenierten Aromaten, aromatischen Aldehyden, Säuren, Estern, Ketonen sowie von Nitroaromaten genutzt werden, um die gewünschten Produkte in guten bis exzellenten Ausbeuten zu erzeugen.
Ultrasound‐Enhanced Spleen‐Targeted mRNA Delivery via Fluorinated PEGylated Lipid Nanoparticles for Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Minglong , Cen Jie , Shi Qiangqiang , Shao Bing , Tan Jiajia , Ye Xianjun , He Zhihua , Liu Yang , Zhang Guoying , Hu Jinming , Bao Jianqiang , Liu Shiyong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) based messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics hold immense promise for treating a wide array of diseases, while their nonhepatic organs targeting and insufficient endosomal escape efficiency remain challenges. For LNPs, polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids have a crucial role in stabilizing them in aqueous medium, but they severely hinder cellular uptake and reduce transfection efficiency. In this study, we designed ultrasound (US)‐assisted fluorinated PEGylated LNPs (F‐LNPs) to enhance spleen‐targeted mRNA delivery and transfection. Through liquid‐to‐gas phase transition, we enabled the controlled shedding of fluorinated PEG lipids from F‐LNPs, facilitating cellular uptake, membrane fusion, and mRNA release. In vivo results demonstrated that US‐assisted F‐LNPs increased mRNA transfection approximately 4.0‐fold in the spleen following intravenous administration. Notably, the F‐LNPs achieved effective mRNA delivery to antigen‐presenting cell subsets, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. The targeted delivery of full‐length ovalbumin‐encoding mRNA vaccine induced significant CD8+ T cell response and exhibited excellent therapeutic effect against the ovalbumin‐transduced B16F10 tumor model. These findings establish a novel strategy for spleen‐specific mRNA delivery through the combination of fluorinated PEG lipids and US treatment, which holds substantial promise for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy, potentially broadening the scope of clinical applications for mRNA‐based therapy.
Multiple Protophilic Redox‐Active Sites in Reticular Organic Skeletons for Superior Proton Storage
Authors: Zhang Yehui , Song Ziyang , Huang Qi , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProtons (H+) with the smallest size and fastest redox kinetics are regarded as competitive charge carriers in the booming Zn‐organic batteries (ZOBs). Developing new H+‐storage organic cathode materials with multiple ultralow‐energy‐barrier protophilic sites and super electron delocalization routes to propel superior ZOBs is crucial but still challenging. Here we design multiple protophilic redox‐active reticular organic skeletons (ROSs) for activating better proton storage, triggered by intermolecular H‐bonding and π–π stacking interactions between 2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone and 2,4,6‐triformylphloroglucinol nanofibrous polymer. ROSs expose reticular electron delocalization geometries to fully access build‐in protophilic carbonyl sites and promote ultrarapid H+ migration with an ultralow activation energy (0.13 vs. 0.29 eV of Zn2+ ions), thus delivering high capacity (359 mAh g−1) and large‐current survivability (100 A g−1). Moreover, the extended interconnected reticular structures strengthen the anti‐dissolution of ROSs in aqueous electrolytes, affording long‐lasting proton‐storage activity in ZOBs to a superior level (60,000 cycles at 20 A g−1). Systematic studies identify the source of excellent charge storage as high‐kinetics H+‐coupled five‐electron redox process of carbonyl motifs in superstable ROSs. These findings can be of importance for evoking superior proton activity in multiple redox organics to build advanced Zn‐organic batteries.
Putting Charge Transfer Degree as a Bridge Connecting Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Junjie , Li Mengyuan , Wang Xinmeng , Liu Hongye , Jiang Wenji , Zhao Bing , Song Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo date, few systematic approach has been established for predicting catalytic performance by analyzing the spectral information of molecules adsorbed on photocatalyst surfaces. Effective charge transfer (CT) between the semiconductor photocatalysts and surface‐absorbed molecules is essential for enhancing catalytic activity and optimizing light energy utilization. This study aimed to validate the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on the CT enhancement mechanism in investigating the CT process during semiconductor photocatalytic C−C coupling model reactions. A copper ion doping strategy was employed to simultaneously enhance the SERS effect and catalytic activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) derived from metal‐organic framework (MOF). By analyzing molecular fingerprint SERS spectra, we calculated the degree of CT (ρCT), revealing that SERS enhancement is attributed to the CT mechanism. In situ SERS spectra confirmed a high correlation between the catalytic activity and ρCT of ZnO with varying copper ion doping levels. A range of photoelectric and spectroscopic tests validated the effectiveness of SERS in linking CT to photocatalytic performance, consistent with first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations. This finding is also validated in other semiconductor materials and catalytic reactions, demonstrating the broad applicability of ρCT for predicting and evaluating SERS and catalytic activity.
Fine‐Tuning NIR‐Absorbing BODIPYs for Photoacoustic Detection of Hypochlorous Ion (OCl−)
Authors: Isar Prosenjit , Mukherjee Tarushyam , Ji Tengfei , Nellessen Alexander , Merkes Jean Michel , Kiessling Fabian , Rueping Magnus , Banala Srinivas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHighly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) play crucial roles in various pathological conditions. Among them, hypochlorous ion (OCl−), a potent ROS, is associated in numerous oxidative stress‐related disorders. Elevated levels of OCl− are thus recognized as a biomarker for diagnosing inflammatory conditions. To enable selective detection of OCl− via photoacoustic (PA) imaging, we present development of a near infrared(NIR)‐absorbing BODIPY‐based acoustogenic probe. Four regioisomers of methoxyphenols‐conjugated BODIPYs were synthesized to investigate the positional influence on OCl− selectivity over other ROS/RNS. Our study reveals that only one isomer, 4‐methoxy phenol conjugation, exhibited exceptional selectivity for OCl− without any competitive reactions, making it suitable for PA imaging. This study highlights the importance of regioisomers characterization in achieving intricate selectivity among competing reactive species. The fine‐tuning and development of a suitable dye now enable the optimization of physicochemical properties for in vivo OCl− detection using PA imaging.
Near‐surface permafrost extent and active layer thickness characterized by reanalysis/assimilation data
Authors: Liu Zequn , Guo Donglin , Hua Wei , Chen Yihui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhilst permafrost change is widely concerned in the context of global warming, lack of observations becomes one of major limitations for conducting large‐scale and long‐term permafrost change research. Reanalysis/assimilation data in theory can make up for the lack of observations, but how they characterize permafrost extent and active layer thickness remains unclear. Here, we investigate the near‐surface permafrost extent and active layer thickness characterized by seven reanalysis/assimilation datasets (CFSR, MERRA‐2, ERA5, ERA5‐Land, GLDAS‐CLSMv20, GLDAS‐CLSMv21, and GLDAS‐Noah). Results indicate that most of reanalysis/assimilation data have limited abilities in characterizing near‐surface permafrost extent and active layer thickness. GLDAS‐CLSMv20 is overall optimal in terms of comprehensive performance in characterizing both present‐day near‐surface permafrost extent and active layer thickness change. The GLDAS‐CLSMv20 indicates that near‐surface permafrost extent decreases by −0.69 × 106 km2 decade−1 and active layer deepens by 0.06 m decade−1 from 1979 to 2014. Change in active layer is significantly correlated to air temperature, precipitation, and downward longwave radiation in summer, but the correlations show regional differences. Our study implies an imperative to advance reanalysis/assimilation data's abilities to reproduce permafrost, especially for reanalysis data.
JWST Imaging of the Closest Globular Clusters—V. The White Dwarfs Cooling Sequence of M4
Authors: Bedin Luigi R. , Libralato Mattia , Salaris Maurizio , Nardiello Domenico , Scalco Michele , Griggio Massimo , Anderson Jay , Bergeron Pierre , Bellini Andrea , Gerasimov Roman , Burgasser Adam J. , Apai Daniel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe combine infrared (IR) observations collected by the James Webb Space Telescope with optical deep images by the Hubble Space Telescope taken ~20 years earlier to compute proper‐motion membership for the globular cluster (GC) M4 (NGC 6121) along its entire white dwarf (WD) cooling sequence (CS). These new IR observations allow us, for only the second time in a GC, to compare WD models with observations over a wide range of wavelengths, constraining fundamental astrophysical properties of WDs. Furthermore, we investigate the presence of WDs with IR excess along the WD CS of M4, similar to the recent study conducted on the GC NGC 6397. We also determine the age difference between M4 and NGC 6397 by comparing the absolute F150W2 magnitudes of the luminosity function peak at the bottom of the observed WD CS and find that M4 is slightly younger, by 0.8 ± 0.5 Gyr.
The B±‐Meson Production in High Energy pp Collisions in the Color Dipole Transverse Momentum Representation
Authors: dos Santos G. Sampaio , da Silveira G. Gil , Machado Magno V. T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe color dipole formalism in the transverse momentum framework together with the unintegrated gluon distributions is considered to obtain the differential cross sections in collisions. The theoretical predictions for the B±‐meson production assume the center‐of‐mass energy of the Large Hadron Collider and the rapidities available at the LHCb experiment. The results are compared with the corresponding measurements in terms of the meson transverse momentum.