bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Anxiety Assessment through the Drawings of Children and Influence of Art Therapy
Authors: Patil Amol. N. , Hambire Chaitali U. , Hambire Umesh V. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Assessment of dental anxiety in children is difficult because of their immature cognitive and emotional development. Drawings are well well-established emotion assessment tool. These can be used as nonverbal methods of communication for expressing the children's anxiety and emotions. Art therapy utilizes creative therapy interventions to deal with children suffering from emotional problems.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study is (1) To assess the drawings of children for the presence of dental anxiety. (2) To study the effectiveness of art therapy on dental anxiety in children.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty children within the age group of 6–12 years were part of this study. The pretest assessment of dental anxiety was done using Frankl and Five facial anxiety scales. All the participants received local anesthesia during their first treatment session. At the end of the treatment session, all the participants were asked to draw a picture of their experience. The drawn figures were assessed by a psychologist. The children were allotted randomly into the study group (n = 60) and control group (n = 60). Art therapy was given to 60 children in the study group for three consecutive appointments. The posttest assessment of dental anxiety was done using Frankl and Five facial anxiety scales after completion of the entire dental treatment.

Results:
The pretest scores revealed very high level of dental anxiety in 33 (55%) children in study group and 34 (56.67%) children in control group. The posttest scores of study group, who received the art therapy, revealed that 24 (40%) children had little anxiety and 32 (53.33%) children had some anxiety. Whereas in the control group, the posttest scores showed 20 (33.33%) children had high anxiety and 39 (65%) children had very high anxiety scores. There was a significant correlation between the objective score of dental anxiety and the subjective scores of CD: H.

Conclusion:
Drawings can be used as an assessment tool for the detection of dental anxiety and art therapy effectively reduces the anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment.
Outcome of manual small incision cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Desinayak Naresh , Mannem Navya , Panda Amita , Kanungo Gayatri , Mishra Sukhada , Mohapatra Santosh Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The study aimed to analyze the surgical outcome of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and compare them with those of controls.

Settings and Design:
This prospective, observational, and comparative study included 150 cases of PXF with cataracts, 150 cases of PXG with cataracts, and 200 cases of cataracts without PXF as controls.

Methods:
MSICS was performed in all cases under peribulbar anesthesia. Intraoperative complications, if any, were noted. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and postoperative complications were recorded at follow-up on day 1, day 7, and after 1 month.

Statistical Analysis Used:
IBM SPSS 24.0 statistics, SPSS South Asia Pvt Ltd.

Results:
Lines of improvement in BCVA were significantly better in the control group (8.7 ± 1.7) than that in the PXF (7.5 ± 2.1) and PXG groups (6.4 ± 2.7). IOP significantly decreased from baseline to 1 month postoperatively in the PXG group than in the PXF and control groups (mean difference: 3.8 ± 7.5 mm Hg). Intraoperative iridodialysis and zonular dialysis were significantly high in the PXG group with a proportion of 4 and 20%, respectively. Postoperative choroidal detachment and hyphema, six cases each, were found significantly high in the PXG group.

Conclusion:
Although the BCVA improvement was less and the complications were high in patients with pseudoexfoliation, especially those with PXG, the reduction in IOP was significant. MSICS can be considered favorably in patients with PXF and PXG, with adequate precautions to manage anticipated complications.
Trabeculectomy with concurrent intravitreal bevacizumab in neovascular glaucoma
Authors: Khan Sardar M , Rao Aparna 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of concurrent intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection with trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC) in neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Methods:
Patients with NVG who underwent trabeculectomy with concurrent IVB (group 1) and those who underwent IVB sequentially, followed by trabeculectomy with MMC (group 2) in 1–2 weeks between January 2021 and August 2022, were included in this retrospective hospital-based study. The need for medications for intraocular pressure (IOP) control at 6 months in the two groups was the primary outcome measured and compared between the groups. The association of the need for medications postoperatively with clinical variables was assessed using stepwise multivariate regression statistics.

Results:
We finally included 40 patients (n = 12 in group 1, n = 28 in group 2) with no significant differences in presenting age between groups. The IOP at 1 day and 1 week were not significantly different between groups though the IOP at 1, 3, and 6 months. IOP was lower in group 1 eyes with the 6-month IOP, being significantly lower in group 1, P = 0.05. Three eyes in group 1 and 11 eyes in group 2 required anti-glaucoma medications in the postoperative period. Multivariate regression identified preoperative IVB >3 (β =0.7, P < 0.001) and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (β = 0.7, P = 0.004) as prognostic factors (R
2 = 40.6%) determining the need for anti-glaucoma medication (AGM) postoperatively in both groups.

Conclusion:
Concurrent IVB with trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C is a feasible alternative in patients with NVG with refractory high-presenting IOP. This may serve to address raised IOP as well as retinal ischemia, thereby improving surgical success rates in the most challenging NVG cases.
Evaluation of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in the diagnosis of pre-perimetric glaucoma and comparison to retinal nerve fiber layers
Authors: Yadav Vineet K , Rana Jagriti , Singh Arti , Singh Kamal J , Kumar Santosh , Singh Shivangi 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Evaluation of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in the diagnosis of pre-perimetric glaucoma (PPG) and comparison to retinal nerve fiber layers.

Methods:
This study was a prospective hospital-based study. A total of 30 PPG and control patients were studied for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (GC-IPL) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. PPG was defined as eyes with a normal visual field and one or more localized RNFL defects that were associated with a typical glaucomatous disc appearance. Diagnostic abilities of GC-IPL, optic nerve head (ONH), and RNFL parameters were computed using area under receiver-operating curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity.

Results:
GC-IPL parameters showed significant changes in PPG cases as compared to normal subjects in each region (P value < 0.001). RNFL parameters also differed significantly from normal subjects in all quadrants (P value 0.003 to < 0.001). Within GC-IPL parameters, the superotemporal region had the maximum area under the curve (AUC), followed by inferior, superior, and inferotemporal regions. Within RNFL parameters, the inferior quadrant had the maximum AUC, followed by superior and nasal quadrants. the GC-IPL parameters in PPG showed that the AUC of the GC-IPL parameters was much higher than those of the ONH and RNFL values.

Conclusion:
Although both the parameters RNFL and GC-IPL showed significant changes in PPG patients compared to healthy subjects, a higher AUC of GC-IPL points toward the higher sensitivity of GC-IPL than RNFL for detecting glaucoma in early stages.
The psychosocial burden of androgenetic alopecia in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Almashali Mohammed A. , Alotaibi Manar A. , Alkhanani Alanoud H. , Al Dera Norah M. , Alwadany Muhannad M. , Almousa Abdulelah S. , Shadid Asem M. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The most prevalent cause of hair loss is androgenetic alopecia. Improved therapeutic modalities may result from knowing how stress affects hair growth, incorporating stress-coping methods into the treatment of hair loss disorders, and developing new pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This study aimed to examine the psychosocial burden of androgenetic alopecia in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey study was conducted among patients with androgenetic alopecia in Saudi Arabia in February 2023. A previously developed questionnaire was adapted from a previously published tool and used in this study. This association between patients' characteristics and the level of psychosocial disease was identified using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results:
This study included 1230 patients. The majority of the patients (78.0%) reported that they felt embarrassed by their androgenetic alopecia. The median score of the psychosocial impact of androgenetic alopecia on the patients was 1.00 (0.00–2.00), which is equal to 10.0%, reflecting a low level of psychosocial burden on the patients by their condition. Binary logistic regression analysis identified that patients without a family history of androgenetic alopecia were 36.0% less likely to be affected psychosocially by their condition (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
A low-level psychosocial effect was seen in our study among individuals with androgenetic alopecia. Further research should be done to determine how the type of alopecia affects patients' psychological results, as well as the influence of the disease's duration on those outcomes. Dermatologists are recommended to raise patients' knowledge of their disease and lessen stigmatization in the meantime.
Prospective assessment of mental and physical health of maternal near-miss women: A low-middle-income country's experience
Authors: Punj Pankhuri , Arora Aashima , Shah Ruchita , Patil Amol N. , Sikka Pooja , Jain Vanita , Suri Vanita , Saini Shiv Sajan 
Published: December 2023

Background:Traumatic birth experience is an unaddressed arena, especially in Asian women, with several societal stigmas lingering around.Aim:A study was undertaken to simultaneously assess the post-partum mental and physical health follow-up of maternal near-miss (MNM) women and compare it with women of uneventful deliveries.Materials and Methods:The prospective cohort study enrolled 88 MNM women (case cohort) and 80 women with an uneventful peri-partum period (control cohort) at the same time. The participants were followed up with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS), PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (PLC-C), and a 36-item short-form-survey form over 6 months after the delivery.Results:The case group had higher mean EPDS and PLC-C scores, with poor quality of life (QOL) performance, compared to the control group at 6 weeks and 3 months, and 6 months follow-up (P< 0.05). At the sixth-week follow-up visit, the study observed that 28 (31.8%) women from the case group required a psychiatry consultation compared to the control group with only two (2.5%) participants (P< 0.001). At 3 months, an evident difference was noted on various QOL parameters, such as limitations due to physical health and emotional problems, energy fatigue, general health, and health change parameters between the two groups (P< 0.05). The difference persisted at 6-month follow-up as well for limitations due to physical health, energy fatigue, and general health parameters only (P< 0.05).Conclusion:There is an urgent need for a multi-departmental collaborative approach at the hospital level and policy-making decisions at higher levels for the mental health of Asian women facing MNM events.
Profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending family medicine clinic in a rural tribal locality in India
Authors: Kumar Sumit 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
Diabetes prevalence has been predicted to reach 578 million worldwide in 2030 and is estimated to increase by 51% (700 million) in 2045. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with various cardiovascular (CV) risk factors secondary to associated dyslipidemias and good glycemic control is key for the prevention of long-term CV complications; this study was conducted to assess present glycemic status and lipid profile of the population residing in a rural tribal locality of Jharkhand (India).

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted as a project for Fellowship in diabetes course by the Department of Endocrinology, DEDU, CMC Vellore. Whole blood and sera were analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TGs), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C). A correlation test of HbA1c with lipid ratios and individual lipid indexes was done.

Results:
The mean Hb1Ac level was uncontrolled as 7.24 ± 1.80 and, interestingly, was marginally higher [7.31 ± 1.92 Vs 6.92 ± 1.16] in patients with T2DM <5 years as compared to those with T2DM >5 years. Mixed dyslipidemias were common with abnormal TG, LDL, VLDL, HDL, and total CH values. Hb1Ac levels showed a significant positive correlation with serum CH, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels, while a significant negative correlation with HDL levels in the study.

Conclusion:
Apart from being a reliable indicator of long-term glycemic control, HbA1c can also be used as a surrogate marker of dyslipidemia, and thus early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia can prevent life-threatening cardiovascular complications that can be particularly useful in resource-poor rural tribal locality settings.
Comparison of psychological well-being, hope, and health concern in leukemia patients before and after receiving stem cells
Authors: Yavari Tahereh , Zahedi Amiryousef , Movahednia Nima , Hajhamidiasl Negin , Gheisvandi Fariba , Sheyni Fatemeh 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare psychological well-being, hope, and health concerns in leukemia patients before and after receiving stem cells.

Methods:
The statistical population of the present study consisted of leukemia patients in Tehran, and the research sample was among the patients referred to the Bone Marrow Transplant Center of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, and they were placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group), which were selected by purposive sampling method.

Results:
To collect the data for the research, three psychological well-being questionnaires were used by Riff (2002), Schneider's Hope Scale (SHS), and Schneider's (1991) Health Concern Questionnaire (HCQ). To analyze the data in this research, according to the “pre-test-post-test design with the control group,” covariance analysis was used.

Conclusion:
Based on the research findings, it was concluded that receiving stem cells increases hope and psychological well-being in leukemia patients and significantly reduces health concerns.
Liver function tests at admission as marker of severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients – A retrospective analysis
Authors: Himral Pratibha , Bhawani Rajesh , Bhardwaj Manisha , Sharma Nikhil 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
With evolving pandemic, a substantial proportion of patients are presenting with liver dysfunction as an extra-pulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 illness. We planned this study to evaluate the incidence of liver dysfunction in COVID-19 pneumonia and find an association between abnormal liver function and the severity of the disease.

Method:
We retrospectively analysed the hospital records of 344 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 illness admitted to a Dedicated COVID Hospital in North India.

Results:
Out of 344 patients included in the study, 59.9% were males. The abnormal liver functions were present in 78.49% of patients at admission. Mean age of the patient with liver dysfunction was 53.41 ± 15.71 years. The incidence of elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hypoalbuminemia was 82.96%, 74.91%, and 69.7%, respectively, in patients with COVID-19 at admission. A positive correlation was found between the levels of AST, ALT and hypoalbuminemia with severity of disease. Mortality was 33% in patients with liver dysfunction in comparison to 18.9% in patients with normal liver functions.

Conclusion:
More than 75% of the patient had abnormal liver functions at admission, and mortality was also high in this group. Mortality can be effectively reduced if laboratory parameters such as elevated AST and ALT and hypoalbuminemia are closely monitored at admission and during hospital stay in patients with risk factors like male, age <55 years and HTN.
Comparing the occurrence rate of gestational hypertension during pregnancy with frozen embryo transfer and natural pregnancy
Authors: Moramezi Farideh , Nikbakht Roshan , Saadati Najimeh , Farhadi Elham , Raad Negin 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:Recent researches have indicated that pregnancies with frozen embryo transfer are associated with the increment of risk of maternal and neonatal complications, especially hypertension during pregnancy. The present study aimed to compare the occurrence rate of gestational hypertension in pregnancy with frozen embryo transfer and normal pregnancy.Materials and Methods:This research, as a retrospective cross-sectional study, was performed on pregnant women with frozen embryo transfer (n= 97) and women with normal pregnancies (n= 164) referring to medical centers under the supervision of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Women aged 18–35 were included in the study after week 20thof pregnancy. Maternal and neonatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia), preterm birth (before the week 37th), low birth weight (lower than 2500 g), neonatal asphyxia (Apgar score >7 in minute 5th), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy were evaluated. The association between frozen embryo transfer and pregnancy outcomes was evaluated using multiple logistic regressions.Results:The findings of this study indicated that pregnancy hypertension was observed in 23 people (23.7%) from the frozen embryo transfer group vs. 18 people (11.0%) from the normal pregnancy group (P= 0.006). Frozen embryo transfer pregnancy has a higher risk of gestational hypertension (OR = 2.521, 95% CI: 1.281-4.962;P= 0.007), preterm birth (OR = 2.264, 95% CI: 1.335-3.840;P= 0.002), and low birth weight (OR = 2.017, 95% CI: 1.178-3.455;P= 0.011). However, the incidence of birth asphyxia (P= 0.850), intrauterine growth restriction (P= 0.068), first-trimester bleeding (P= 0.809), and placenta accreta (P= 0.143) did not show a significant difference between two types of normal pregnancy and frozen embryo transfer pregnancy.Conclusion:Frozen embryo transfer pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of maternal and neonatal complications, hypertension, preterm birth, and low birth weight compared to natural and spontaneous pregnancies.
Evaluation of changes in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning following an interprofessional intervention for malaria and its control among the Bedia tribe, a particularly vulnerable tribal group, in rural Eastern India
Authors: Paul Uttam Kumar , Paul Pritama 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The “Bedia” tribal people are found all over India; they are poor, illiterate, and confined culturally. In many parts of India, malaria, a disease caused by mosquitoes, is becoming more common. Raising awareness and educating people about it is the best method to stop disease and maintain good health.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the perception, attitudes, and practices of a particularly vulnerable tribal group—the “Bedia”—in the rural region of eastern India.

Methods:
A questionnaire with 19 structured questions has been created. The Bedia participants received the questionnaire from us. They had already responded. The intervention took the form of several health education workshops that were created in response to the deficiencies identified in the pre-test assessment's replies. The identical questionnaire used for the pre-test evaluation was given to each participant for the post-test who attended the training sessions.

Results:
The current study found that while the first cognitive domain question on malaria transmission was not statistically significant, changes in malaria breeding grounds, regions with higher mosquito numbers, and the source of information about malaria are. Their knowledge of the treatment for malaria and the agent used to treat it is statistically significant in the current study, but the fifth question on the most common symptom of malaria was not statistically significant. The answers to the questions about “What you will do if you see someone suffering from malaria,” “How much time was spent in the malaria control program,” “Malaria detection,” and “Regular usage of bed-nets” in the affective and psychomotor domains all had statistical significance.

Conclusions:
Our research on interventions to raise awareness of malaria in this tribal region of northern West Bengal, eastern India, bordering Bangladesh, was published for the first time to our knowledge. In the majority of the items from the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning domains, we have seen significant changes.
Impact of Remdesivir on inflammatory and prognostic markers of COVID-19: Findings of an event-monitoring study
Authors: Singh Shruti , Sinha Nishi , Lohani Pallavi , Agarwal Neha , Singh Pratibha , Singh CM 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Remdesivir is currently approved for treating hospitalised patients with COVID-19. However, it is a priority to monitor its safety and effectiveness in various clinical settings. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of remdesivir on inflammatory and prognostic markers of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study was conducted over two months comprising event monitoring of COVID-19 patients administered remdesivir as per standard guidelines. The demographic details, risk factors and all baseline parameters were collected. The patients were followed up for the appearance of any adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after the start of remdesivir therapy from Day 1 to discharge or death every day. Repeat Lab tests were done on days 2, 4, 6 and 10 days to assess the impact of remdesivir on inflammatory and prognostic markers of COVID-19 over time. Significant predictors of survival in the cohort were also assessed.

Results:
A total of 60 COVID-19 patients were administered remdesivir. The mean age of the patients was 59.2 (+13.7) years. There was a significant improvement in the serum creatinine (decreased from 0.9 to 0.7 mg/dL), lymphocyte count {decreased from 9.2 to 7.3 (109 cells/L)} and serum sodium (increased from 134.6 to 137.4) of the patients over six days after the administration of remdesivir. The significant survival predictors were multiple organ failure (P 0.046) and WBC count on Day 10 (P 0.001).

Conclusion:
Remdesivir administration improved the prognostic biomarker profile in COVID-19 patients.