bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of immunity and general condition in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in relation to origin and gender
Authors: OTS Indrek , FREITAK Dalial , VANATOA Alo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn immunoecological studies, experimental effects usually explain a relatively small proportion of total variation observed in immune parameters, while the large amount of variation remains unexplained. It is crucial to be aware of such natural variation of immune parameters, which may overshadow the effects of the experiment. We examined factors responsible for variation in cellular immunity (estimated as hemocyte concentration) and general condition (estimated as fresh weight) in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, originating from two neighboring potato fields, in a common garden experiment. Progeny of beetles collected from the “New” field, where potato was cultured for the first year, had significantly higher hemocyte concentration and fresh weight compared to individuals originating from the “Old” field, where potato had been cultured for several years. Furthermore, hemocyte concentration varied with respect to gender only in beetles originating from the New field, where males had a higher hemocyte concentration than females. No such sex differences were found in beetles originating from the Old field, suggesting that immune traits and general condition of insects originating from geographically close locations/populations may express different sources of variation. Therefore, generalization of immunity–life‐history trade‐offs based on one population/location should be treated with caution.
Taxonomy and biogeography of Australian species of the Ropalidia stigma group and R. variegata group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: SAITO Fuki , KOJIMA Jun‐ichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Australian species of two Ropalidia species groups, the R. stigma group and R. variegata group, is revised and their distribution patterns are discussed. Two species in the R. stigma group (R. darwini and R. elegantula), and four species in the R. variegata group (R. flavinoda, R. gregaria, R. mutabilis and R. revolutionalis) are recognized in Australia, with a new synonymy of R. mutabilis torresiana Richards, 1978, under R. gregaria (de Saussure, 1854). Icaria torrida Smith, 1863, from Seram Island is synonymized with R. unicolor (Smith, 1859).
Revision of the subgenus Ceranthia Robineau‐Desvoidy of the genus Siphona Meigen of Japan (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: TACHI Takuji , SHIMA Hiroshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractJapanese species of the subgenus Ceranthia Robineau‐Desvoidy are revised. Five species are recognized in Japan, three of which are described as new to science: Siphona (Ceranthia) angusta, S. (C.) nigra and S. (C.) setigera. A key to Japanese species is provided and male terminalia are illustrated. Monophyly of this group is discussed.
Correlates of parasite load in bumblebees in an Alpine habitat
Authors: KORNER Pius , SCHMID‐HEMPEL Paul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEssentially, all animals face parasites, but little data are available on the rate of parasitism in wild animals, particularly in insects. Here, we report observations of more than 400 bumblebee workers collected at an Alpine site, including the parasites observed (Crithidia bombi, Nosema bombi, conopid parasitoid fly larvae and tracheal mites), as well as date of collection, bumblebee species and body variables (size, fat content, egg development and antibacterial activity). Among the 14 bumblebee species collected, C. bombi and tracheal mites reached a prevalence of approximately 10 and 6%, respectively, while conopids and N. bombi were almost absent. Correlations among the measured parameters suggest that larger workers are more likely to develop eggs and contain more tracheal mites. Across the season, we found a decrease in fat content but an increase in C. bombi and mite prevalence. Mites’ fitness was higher in fatter bees and lower in bees with more tracheal mites. Antibacterial activity was found in approximately 10% of the workers, suggesting at least sporadic infection with bacteria.
Effects of saline intake on spermatophore and sperm ejaculation in the male swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: WATANABE Mamoru , KAMIKUBO Mari 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlthough sodium ions induce puddling behavior in males of some butterfly species, the role of sodium ions in male life history is unclear. Newly emerged laboratory‐reared males of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus were allocated to five adult diets: water (as a control) and 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mol/L saline solution. Males preferred to take 0.1 mol/L saline solution. We attempted to hand‐pair males after two days of intake. Males on all diets, except those taking 1 mol/L saline solution, were likely to couple. Males taking 0.01 mol/L saline solution produced the largest spermatophore, although there were no significant differences in the number of eupyrene sperm bundles and apyrene spermatozoa between saline‐taking males and control males. Salt accumulation in the male body also had little effect on the number of both types of spermatozoon in the spermatophore.
Diel and seasonal patterns of foraging activity in the arboreal antCrematogaster matsumuraiForel
Authors: HARADA Yutaka 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe foraging habits of the arboreal antCrematogaster matsumuraiForel were studied in natural and captive colonies in southern Kyushu, Japan. The nests ofC. matsumuraiare made mainly in the trunks of living trees. In the natural environment, the species mainly lives in decayed parts of relatively tall trees, such asAcer palmatum,Prunus jamasakuraandPrunus yedoensis. Observation over a 24 h period showed thatC. matsumuraiforaged actively at night as well as during the day. The foraging of the workers out of the nest was seen from early spring to late autumn, both on the tree and on the ground. As protein sources, aphids were mainly collected by foragers from the tree, while small parts of dead insects or other arthropods were mainly collected from the ground surface. The foraging activity of workers is assumed to be influenced by the quantity and quality of food rather than seasonality.
Macrochelid mite fauna in the eastern part of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with description of two new species
Authors: HARTINI Sri , TAKAKU Gen , KOJIMA Jun‐ichi , KATAKURA Haruo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThirteen species in four genera of mites of the family Macrochelidae phoretic on dung beetles were collected in the eastern part of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, providing the first record of the family for that area. Of these, two species, Macrocheles entetiensis Hartini and Takaku, sp. nov. and Macrocheles sumbaensis Hartini and Takaku, sp. nov., are new to science. The remaining 11 species are Glyptholaspis fimicola, Holostaspella bifoliata, Macrocheles baliensis, Macrocheles sp. aff. glaber, M. hallidayi, M. kraepelini, M. krantzi, M. limue, M. merdarius, M. oigru and Neopodocinum sinicum.
Differentiation in life cycle of sympatric populations of two forms of Hyphantria moth in central Missouri
Authors: TAKEDA Makio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWing patterns of Hyphantria adult male moths collected in central Missouri were examined throughout the breeding season. Three major peaks of adult flight were observed: the first peak consisted mainly of adults with spotted wings, while the second and third peaks consisted of immaculate adults. Black‐headed larvae appeared in the field following the first major peak of moth flight, and red‐headed larvae appeared in the field following the second peak. Sympatric red‐headed and black‐headed forms were collected in the field and subsequently reared on an artificial diet under conditions of 16 h light : 8 h dark (LD 16:8) at 25°C. The larval period of the black‐headed form was shorter than the red‐headed, whereas the pupal period of the black‐headed form was longer than the red‐headed. Pupal development is retarded in some individuals at high temperatures in the black‐headed form. Photoperiodic response curves for pupal diapause were different between the two forms. The critical photoperiod for pupal diapause was 15 h 10 min in the red‐headed form, which was longer than that for the black‐headed form (14 h 40 min). The two forms responded to shifts in photoperiod differently. These developmental responses temporally separate the two forms in the field; the red‐headed and black‐headed forms represent a set of adaptations favoring univoltinism and bivoltinism, respectively. Red‐headed larvae fed mainly at night, while the black‐headed larvae fed without a clear day–night rhythm. Nocturnal feeding in the red‐headed form is adaptive to protection against predation, but fails to fully utilize heat units and thus to produce a second generation.
A Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics Model to Estimate Hemolysis in a Rotary Blood Pump
Authors: Arvand Arash , Hormes Marcus , Reul Helmut 
Published: June 2005

Abstract:  A major part of developing rotary blood pumps requires the optimization of hemolytic properties of the entire pump. Application of a suited computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based hemolysis model allows approximation of blood damage in an early phase of the design process. Thus, a drastic reduction of time‐ and cost‐ intensive  hemolysis  experiments  can  be  achieved. For the MicroDiagonal Pump (MDP), still under development at Helmholtz‐Institute in Aachen, Germany, different pump configurations have been analyzed, both numerically and experimentally. The CFD model of the pump has been successfully validated based on the comparison of the pressure head curves (H‐Q curves), as discussed in a prior publication. In the present study, the authors focus on the development of a semiempiric blood damage model using the CFD and in vitro hemolysis data. On the one hand, mean key characteristics (shear stress and exposure time) and other characteristics affecting blood damage have been calculated based on numerical data. On the other hand, in vitro hemolysis tests have been accomplished in order to determine the hemolytic curves of two different pump configurations (with the same impeller but different tip clearances). Finally, a new function based on a general power law has been defined by means of the mean key characteristics. The unknown constants of the function have been determined by multidimensional regression analysis using the hemolytic curves. For the final validation of this new blood damage model, the calculated and the in vitro obtained hemolysis indices at the specific VAD operating point have been compared for all pump configurations. The comparison showed an excellent agreement, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
MINOR LEAGUE BASEBALL: RISKS AND POTENTIAL BENEFITS FOR COMMUNITIES LARGE AND SMALL
Authors: JOHNSON T. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTCommunities of all sizes are investing in minor league stadiums to attract or retain a minor league baseball team. The promise of economic development benefits is often put forward to justify these multimillion dollar investments. Local officials should be aware of the risks that accompany hosting professional sports teams and understand that minor league teams will not be economic growth engines. The decision to invest in a minor league stadium is a public policy decision and can be “worth it” if accompanied by a development logic. This article identifies three approaches that have been successful in making stadiums a community asset.
NAFTA, NEW INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS AND “INFORMALITY:”
Authors: Alonso Jose A. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTIn the world system, a primary interest of the U.S. has been to extend its dominance in Latin America. This article's objective is to center attention on the most recent phase of the relationship between the core and the capitalistic periphery from the viewpoint of Mexico since 1982. We emphasize the preoccupation of the American elites toward the Latin American informal sector, and, more concretely, on the unexpected theoretical foundation of such interest.
DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN MEXICO:
Authors: Lawson Chappell 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThis article presents a cross‐sectional analysis of the relationship between democracy and development in thirty‐two Mexican provinces (thirty‐one states plus the Federal District). The analysis suggests that socioeconomic modernization – whether measured by income, indices of material well‐being, education, industrialization, urbanization, or some combination – exerts a powerful, positive influence on democratization across states. However, the political effects of modernization vary across regions of Mexico. Areas ‐whose economies have traditionally been based on commerce and industry (including Mexico's northern belt) appear to follow a familiar pattern, democratizing as they develop economically. By contrast, development has less politically powerful consequences on states with a long history oflabor‐ suppressive agriculture and mineral extraction (including most of Mexico's south). In short, different regions of Mexico appear to be following separate political trajectories.
REALIST REVOLUTIONS: FREE TRADE, OPEN ECONOMIES, PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY AND THEIR IMPACT ON LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS
Authors: Brown Timothy 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTIn the industrialized democracies, free elections, the lowering of trade barriers and the opening of national economies to foreign competition are natural progressions within open systems. But in the Latin American context, where rule by oligarchy and inbred political‐social‐economic systems have been the norm, participatory democracy, one‐man‐one‐vote elections, the opening of economies, and free trade are revolutionary processes subversive of the established order. To join the ranks of the industrialized democracies fundamental changes to Latin American social structures are necessary.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LEGAL INTEGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA
Authors: Buscaglia Edgardo , Long Clarisa 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThis article presents a legal and economic analysis of Latin American integration and concludes that legal integration can be explained by the degree of overlap found in the economic structures of the countries in a trade agreement. More specifically, it argues that larger proportions of bilateral intrasectoral trade stimulate the private sector's demand to harmonize trade‐related laws. It also demonstrates that countries with emerging high‐growth sectors will tend to harmonize their laws with those of countries experiencing the same changes in their economic structure, whereas traditional agrarian economies do not have an incentive to enter harmonization agreements that benefit high‐growth sectors. In this respect, countries with similar complexity in their legal systems will seek to harmonize their laws.
PROPOSITION 187:
Authors: Lennon Tara M. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTOn November 8, 1994, California voters approved Proposition 187 through a statewide initiative. The proposition denied certain public benefits and services to illegal aliens and required that all agencies related to these services report anyone suspected to be illegal to state agencies and the Immigration and Naturalization Service. This initiative provides a case study that crosses the disciplinary boundaries of race theory, nationalism, American politics, and liberal democratic theory. The nationalism found in the Prop. 187 context is one which tries to neutralize racial identification in favor of a national identification. In reality, it fails to be racially neutral. The initiative process of Prop. 187 appeals to a “populist” brand of nationalism because it embodies a liberal democratic ideal of political participation and so gains a sense of legitimacy.
TABASCO AND NAFTA EXPANSION IN CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: López‐Villicañá Román 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe processes of globalization and integration have contributed to Mexican integration in NAFTA. It is well known that a free trade agreement with Central America has limited possibilities in the American Congress. However, through Mexico, Central America has a good chance to begin with the first step: formalization. In this process, the Mexican State of Tabasco will be important because of its natural resources, especially oil and wood. Tabasco has unique opportunities to the American and Canadian markets.
BANANA POLICY‐MAKING IN THE ERA OF DEMOCRATIZATION
Authors: Rich Paul , Reyes Guillermo De Los 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTWith the end of the Cold War, the focus of policy studies about Latin America have begun to change. Latin American banana politics are a good example. The history of the banana trade supports the general observations of policy mavens developed over the years about the internationalization of monopolies, the manipulation of markets, and the restriction of competition.
INTERORGANIZATIONAL COOPERATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WELFARE REFORM:
Authors: Jennings Edward T. , Krane Dale 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThis analysis of the Community Work Experience (CWEP) component of the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills program under the Family Support Act of 1988 examines the service delivery framework and management challenges of welfare policy reform. We focus on the interagency relationships that must be built and maintained to provide work experience to welfare recipients. In particular, we examine three questions: Why do agencies that provide placement sites participate? What problems are encountered and how are they resolved? How does the management of the program affect the experience of the placement site agency? Answers to these questions are vital to the success of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 that transformed the American welfare system by establishing time limits on welfare benefits and creating work requirements for recipients. The analysis is based on a set of interviews with state and local JOBS managers and managers of CWEP placement sites in eight states.
THE DEATH OF AN AGENCY:
Authors: Btmber Bruce 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe pluralistic logic of American government facilitates the creation of new agencies while posing obstacles to their elimination, making the outright closure of an agency an unusual event. The Republican majority elected to Congress in 1994 announced a priority of attempting that feat. This article examines the first of its few successes, the termination of the Office of Technology Assessment, and it considers whether this case is an exception to the rule of agency resiliency. I show that Congress targeted this agency because of its tiny budget, low political visibility, and absent constituency. This event was an exercise in budget symbolism, and is consistent with what one would predict of a legislature seeking to position itself as fiscally responsible yet restrained from making serious changes to the bureaucracy by powerful constituency interests.
POLICY FEASIBILITY AND IMMIGRANT ABSORBTION IN A MASS IMMIGRATION CONTEXT:
Authors: Geva‐May Iris 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe issue of‐whether, and to what extent, immigrants should be assisted in the integration process by government‐initiated programs has been a long‐standing policy concern in countries exposed to waves of immigration. In Israel, where the raison d'tre of the state is to be a homeland for any person of the Jewish tradition who wishes to join Israeli society, issues of assistance to immigrants are ascribed particular importance. This study evaluated the re‐training policy of the Israeli government for Soviet immigrant scientists as an immediately available employment and integration solution. The policy was initiated following the mass immigration from the former USSR during 1989–1991. The scientists were re‐trained to teach science in high‐schools. The investigation focuses on the impact of this policy as an immediate absorption solution, the impact of retraining offered by universities on employment and professional performance, and the benefit to the host educational system. Technical feasibility and its role in decision making will be discussed.The degree of feasibility of this policy and the re‐training models identified in this study may point to a valid policy approach in countries where major social changes, such as immigration or recession, occur. Thus the study and its findings are important to other immigration contexts in that it allows for policy transfer, borrowing and adaptation based on proof of policy feasibility.
Ideology in Policy Debates: Congress and the S&Ls in the 1980s
Authors: Musolf Lloyd 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIs a national value such as free enterprise relevant to congressional debates of important economic policy bills? This question was examined using debates of three reform bills that dealt with savings and loan industry problems in the 1980s. To employ free enterprise concepts in justifying policy stands challenged legislators because industry problems contrasted sharply in the early 1980s (overregulation) and later (excesses under deregulation). Research demonstrated, however, that free enterprise concepts dominated the earlier discussions and, intriguingly, were at the center of the 1989 debate about bailing out the industry and reforming it. The conclusion elaborates free enterprise's role and speculates about the influence of another national value on the S & L discussions.Enactment of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery Enforcement Act of 19891 capped a decade of congressional struggle with the question of how to treat the problems of federal savings and loan institutions. Popularly known as “thrifts” or “S & Ls,” their status became a matter of increasing concern to Congress as the 1980s unfolded and public indignation over a prospective government bailout of unprecedented proportions mounted.This article focuses on an aspect of this struggle that has a larger significance, namely, the place of national values2 in the genesis of important economic policy statutes. Given the predilections of American society, the value that tends to loom largest in major economic policy debates is popularly know as “free enterprise” or “the market economy.” One may reasonably object that U.S. capitalism operates under a “mixed economy” whose features include enterprises owned or sponsored by the federal government as well as government subsidies and regulation of private businesses. The short answer to this objection is that the term free enterprise is used here in a mythic sense and “myths are an essential starting place for insights into how values shape policy…” (de Neufville and Barton, 1987).In essence, this article examines the following questions: (1) Did congressional debates on proposed statutes relate provisions of the 1980, 1982, and 1989 bills to free enterprise concepts? (2) If so, what adjustments were made in these concepts for the sharply contrasting circumstances encountered by S & Ls in the course of the decade? and (3) How was the peculiar relationship of government deposit insurance of S & L accounts to free enterprise treated in the bills? Two background sections introduce the discussion.