bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Russian war in Ukraine increased Ukrainian language use on social media
Authors: Racek Daniel , Davidson Brittany I. , Thurner Paul W. , Zhu Xiao Xiang , Kauermann Göran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of language is innately political, often a vehicle of cultural identity and the basis for nation building. Here, we examine language choice and tweeting activity of Ukrainian citizens based on 4,453,341 geo-tagged tweets from 62,712 users before and during the Russian war in Ukraine, from January 2020 to October 2022. Using statistical models, we disentangle sample effects, arising from the in- and outflux of users on Twitter (now X), from behavioural effects, arising from behavioural changes of the users. We observe a steady shift from the Russian language towards Ukrainian already before the war, which drastically speeds up with its outbreak. We attribute these shifts in large part to users’ behavioural changes. Notably, our analysis shows that more than half of the Russian-tweeting users switch towards Ukrainian with the Russian invasion. We interpret these findings as users’ conscious choice towards a more Ukrainian (online) identity and self-definition of being Ukrainian.
Destabilisation of T cell-dependent humoral immunity in sepsis
Authors: Davies Kate , McLaren James E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous condition defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. For some, sepsis presents as a predominantly suppressive disorder, whilst others experience a pro-inflammatory condition which can culminate in a ‘cytokine storm’. Frequently, patients experience signs of concurrent hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression, underpinning the difficulty in directing effective treatment. Although intensive care unit mortality rates have improved in recent years, one-third of discharged patients die within the following year. Half of post-sepsis deaths are due to exacerbation of pre-existing conditions, whilst half are due to complications arising from a deteriorated immune system. It has been suggested that the intense and dysregulated response to infection may induce irreversible metabolic reprogramming in immune cells. As a critical arm of immune protection in vertebrates, alterations to the adaptive immune system can have devastating repercussions. Indeed, a marked depletion of lymphocytes is observed in sepsis, correlating with increased rates of mortality. Such sepsis-induced lymphopenia has profound consequences on how T cells respond to infection but equally on the humoral immune response that is both elicited by B cells and supported by distinct CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cell subsets. The immunosuppressive state is further exacerbated by functional impairments to the remaining lymphocyte population, including the presence of cells expressing dysfunctional or exhausted phenotypes. This review will specifically focus on how sepsis destabilises the adaptive immune system, with a closer examination on how B cells and CD4+ TFH cells are affected by sepsis and the corresponding impact on humoral immunity.
Robust self‐adaptive fuzzy controller for load‐frequency control of islanded airport microgrids considering electric aircraft energy storage and demand response
Authors: Shayeghi Hossein , Davoudkhani Iraj Faraji , Bizon Nicu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rise of the renewable energy sources (RES) in microgrids has increased the impact of damping and low inertia on network stability. This gives rise to several issues in the power systems, including power fluctuations from variable RES, degradation of the frequency regulation, voltage surges, and oversupply from grid‐connected distributed generators. This paper presents a cascaded hybrid load‐frequency controller for an airport microgrid that addresses frequency fluctuations caused by load changes. It is combining a self‐adaptive fuzzy controller (SAF) and a classical two‐degree‐of‐freedom proportional integral derivative (PID) controller (2DOFPID) called CSAF‐2DOFPID. It is applied to the control section of a diesel generator, an electric aircraft energy storage system, and a demand response program. The controller parameters are optimized using a suggested hybrid differential artificial hummingbird algorithm (D‐AHA) to minimize frequency deviation. The proposed control framework is simulated on an airport microgrid comprising various components, and the impact of time delay on the controller's signals, system uncertainty is also examined. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed self‐adaptive cascaded fuzzy controller outperforms other controllers such as PID, CF‐PID, and CF‐2DOFPID in reducing frequency fluctuations, and the D‐AHA algorithm achieves favourable results compared to other algorithms in the optimal tuning controller parameters.
Three-body encounters in black hole discs around a supermassive black hole
Authors: Trani A. A. , Quaini S. , Colpi M. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Dynamical encounters of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in a disc of compact objects around a supermassive BH (SMBH) can accelerate the formation and coalescence of BH binaries. It has been proposed that binary–single encounters among BHs in such discs can lead to an excess of highly eccentric BH mergers. However, previous studies have neglected how the disc velocity dispersion and the SMBH’s tidal field affect the three-body dynamics.
Aims. We investigate the outcomes of binary–single encounters considering different values of the disc velocity dispersion, and examine the role of the SMBH’s tidal field. We then demonstrate how their inclusion affects the properties of merging BH binaries.
Methods. We performed simulations of four-body encounters (i.e. with the SMBH as the fourth particle) using the highly accurate, regularised code TSUNAMI, which includes post-Newtonian corrections up to order 3.5PN. To isolate the effect of the SMBH’s tidal field, we compared these simulations with those of three-body encounters in isolation.
Results. The disc velocity dispersion controls how orbits in the disc are aligned and circular, and determines the relative velocity of the binary–single pair before the encounter. As the velocity dispersion decreases, the eccentricity of post-encounter binaries transitions from thermal to superthermal, and binaries experience enhanced hardening. The transition between these two regimes happens at disc eccentricities and inclinations of order e ∼ i ∼ 10−4. These distinct regimes correspond to a disc dominated by random motions (e ∼ i ≳ 10−4) and one dominated by the Keplerian shear (e ∼ i ≲ 10−4). The effect of the SMBH’s tidal field depends on the velocity dispersion of the disc. When the velocity dispersion is low, the resulting binaries are less eccentric compared to isolated encounters. Conversely, binaries become less eccentric compared to isolated encounters at high velocity dispersion. This also affects the number of BH mergers.
Conclusions. The inclusion of the SMBH’s tidal field and the disc velocity dispersion can significantly affect the number of GW mergers, and especially the number of highly eccentric inspirals. These can be up to ∼2 times higher at low velocity dispersion, and ∼12 times lower at high velocity dispersions. The spin–orbit alignment is influenced by the tidal field exclusively at high velocity dispersions, effectively inhibiting the formation of anti-aligned binary BHs. Nonetheless, encounters in random-motion-dominated discs around a SMBH are still more effective in producing GW mergers compared to those occurring in spherically symmetric nuclear star clusters without an SMBH.
Robotische Pankreatoduodenektomie: Variationen der Pankreasanastomose in modifizierter Blumgart-Technik
Authors: Seeger Philipp , Distler Marius , Thomaschewski Michael , Zimmermann Markus , Heumann Asmus , Uzunoglu Faik Güntac , Grützmann Robert , Weber Georg F. , Brunner Maximilian , Kersting Stephan , Hackert Thilo , Keck Tobias , Nickel Felix 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie wichtigste Komplikation nach Pankreatoduodenektomie ist die klinisch relevante Pankreasfistel. Um die Rate an Komplikationen zu senken, ist eine routinierte und standardisierte Operationstechnik zur Anlage der Pankreatojejunostomie notwendig.Die Pankreatoduodenektomie ist im multimodalen Setting der Goldstandard zur Behandlung des lokal begrenzten Pankreaskopfkarzinoms und weiterer Pathologien. Das robotische Verfahren bietet als innovatives minimalinvasives Verfahren Vorteile bez. Morbidität und Ergonomie.Nach der Resektionsphase folgt die Rekonstruktion beginnend mit der Pankreatojejunostomie. Die aktuell meistverbreitete robotische Technik ist die Anastomose nach Blumgart: Dabei wird eine äußere Naht transpankreatisch zwischen Jejunalwand und dem gesamten Pankreasparenchym in ventrodorsaler Ausrichtung angelegt, die Spannungs- und Scherkräfte verteilt. Die innere Naht wird durch eine Duct-to-Mucosa-Naht des Pankreasganges mit einer kleinen Jejujunostomie erreicht. In diesem Manuskript werden verschiedene Varianten dieser Rekonstruktion in robotischer Technik gezeigt.Hinsichtlich der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz zeigt keine Anastomosenvariante einen Vorteil. Das Outcome ist abhängig von der Expertise des Operateurs, entsprechend sollte diejenige Anastomosentechnik angewendet werden, für die am meisten Erfahrung verfügbar ist. Die in diesem Beitrag gezeigten Variationen sollen für Anwender den Fokus auf wichtige Details legen sowie Tipps und Tricks zur Durchführung geben.
Außerklinische Beatmung: Lebensqualität und Lebensende
Authors: Stanzel Sarah Bettina , Schönhofer Bernd 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Erfassung der Health related quality of life (HRQL) hat in den letzten Jahren enorm an Bedeutung gewonnen. Für die respiratorische Insuffizienz stehen krankheitsspezifische Fragebögen zur Verfügung, die die Erhebung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität ermöglichen. Der „Severe Respiratory Insufficiency“ (SRI)-Fragebogen, der speziell für Patient*innen mit respiratorischer Insuffizienz entwickelt wurde, eignet sich hervorragend zur Quantifizierung der Lebensqualität bei Patient*innen mit COPD und außerklinischer Beatmung. Basierend auf Untersuchungen mit dem SRI-Fragebogen ergab sich, dass die körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit bei Patient*innen mit chronischen Lungenerkrankungen unterschiedlicher Genese deutlich eingeschränkt ist, nicht selten jedoch ohne nennenswerte Einschränkungen des Wohlbefindens bleibt. Auch müssen Erkrankungsschwere und Lebensqualität nicht in Korrelation zueinander stehen.Sowohl invasive als auch nichtinvasive Beatmung können zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität führen. Hierbei müssen Erkrankungsschwere und Lebensqualität nicht miteinander korrelieren.Komorbidität und v.a. fortgeschrittenes Alter haben den höchsten negativen prädiktiven Wert bzgl. Krankenhausmortalität und Weaning-Versagen und der Anteil der älter als 80-jährigen Patient*innen mit bleibender Abhängigkeit von außerklinischer invasiver Beatmung nach erfolglosem prolongiertem Weaning nimmt inzwischen deutlich zu. Hohe Abhängigkeit von invasiver außerklinischer Beatmung geht häufig mit Einbuße der Lebensqualität und Autonomie einher. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden ethische Aspekte von beatmeten Patient*innen am Lebensende zunehmend thematisiert.Nach erfolgloser Respiratorentwöhnung sollte die Indikation zur außerklinischen Beatmung angesichts der oft stark reduzierten Lebensqualität und schlechter Prognose sowie unter Berücksichtigung des Willens der Patient*innen kritisch geprüft werden.Sind im Verlauf einer invasiven außerklinischen Beatmung die zuvor konsentierten Therapieziele nicht mehr erreichbar, sollten Gespräche zur Therapiezieländerung im Behandlungsteam, mit den Patient*innen, deren Angehörigen und ggf. mit gesetzlichen Vertreter*innen (z.B. auch in Form einer Fall- oder Familienkonferenz) geführt werden.Um Übertherapie und unnötiges Leiden von Patient*innen in der invasiven außerklinischen Beatmung zu vermeiden, sollten eine vorausschauende Versorgungsplanung („Advanced Care Planning“) möglichst frühzeitig beginnen und ggf. durch palliativmedizinische Maßnahmen begleitet werden.
Tumour stage and overall survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schramm Christoph , Sapuk Ayaz , Hoyer Dieter , Radünz Sonia , Schmidt Hartmut 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) carry increased risks for malignancy, among which cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most frequent. We aimed to characterise a cohort of patients with PSC and intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) and to compare this cohort with CCA in different localisations.
Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of our medical database from 01.01.2007 to 30.06.2023 and differentiated CCA according to its localisation within the biliary tract into iCCA, perihilar CCA (pCCA), distal CCA (dCCA), and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).
Results We identified 8 (28%) patients with iCCA, 14 (48%) patients with pCCA, 6 (21%) patients with GBC, and 1 (3%) patient with dCCA without significant differences in gender distribution and mean age. Mean time between diagnosis of PSC and CCA was 158±84 months for iCCA, 93±94 months for pCCA, and 77±69 months for GBC (p=0.230). At the time of CCA diagnosis, advanced-stage disease was present in 6 (75%) patients with iCCA, 13 (93%) patients with pCCA, and 2 (40%) patients with GBC (p=0.050). Only 5 (63%) patients with iCCA received curatively intended surgery, of whom 4 (80%) patients developed recurrence after a mean time of 38±31 months. Mean survival time in patients with iCCA (35±33 months) lay between patients with pCCA (14±8 months) and patients with GBC (57±58 months), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.131).
Conclusion Patients with PSC and iCCA showed an advanced tumour stage at diagnosis and limited long-time survival, which was classified between pCCA with worse prognosis and GBC with better prognosis.
Toxins in Botanical Drugs and Plant-derived Food and Feed – from Science to Regulation: A Workshop Review
Authors: Schrenk Dieter , Allemang Ashley , Fahrer Jörg , Harms Henrik , Li Xilin , Lin Ge , Mahony Catherine , Mulder Patrick , Peijnenburg Ad , Pfuhler Stefan , Punt Ans , Sievers Hartwig , Troutman John , Widjaja Frances 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn September 2022, the 3rd International Workshop on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and related phytotoxins was held on-line, entitled ʼToxins in botanical drugs and plant-derived food and
feed – from science to regulationʼ. The workshop focused on new findings about the occurrence, exposure, toxicity, and risk assessment of PAs. In addition, new scientific results related to
the risk assessment of alkenylbenzenes, a distinct class of herbal constituents, were presented. The presence of PAs and alkenylbenzenes in plant-derived food, feed, and herbal medicines has
raised health concerns with respect to their acute and chronic toxicity but mainly related to the genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of several congeners. The compounds are natural
constituents of a variety of plant families and species widely used in medicinal, food, and feed products. Their individual occurrence, levels, and toxic properties, together with the broad
range of congeners present in nature, represent a striking challenge to modern toxicology. This review tries to provide an overview of the current knowledge on these compounds and indicates
needs and perspectives for future research.
Laparoscopic Living donor liver transplantation in irresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated liver cirrhosis
Authors: Bednarsch Jan , Lang Sven A. , Heise Daniel , Strnad Pavel , Neumann Ulf P. , Ulmer Tom F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor and usually associated with a poor oncological prognosis. The current gold standard is the surgical resection of the tumor with subsequent adjuvant therapy. However, in case of irresectability e.g. in case of liver cirrhosis, a palliative treatment regime is conducted.This report demonstrates the case of an irresectable iCCA in liver cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) treated by living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) facilitated by minimal invasive donor hepatectomy. No postoperative complications were observed in the donor and the donor was released on the 6th postoperative day. Further, after a follow-up of 1.5 years, no disease recurrence was detected in the recipient.According to the recent international literature, liver transplantation can be evaluated in case of small solitary iCCA (< 3 cm) in cirrhosis. Less evidence is provided for transplantation in advanced tumors which are surgically not resectable due to advanced liver disease or infiltration of major vessels, however some reports display adequate long-term survival after strict patient selection. The selection criteria comprise the absence of distant metastases and locoregional lymph node metastases as well as partial remission or stable disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Due to no established graft allocation for iCCA in Germany, LDLT is currently the best option to realize transplantation in these patients. Developments in the last decade indicate that LDLT should preferentially be performed in minimal invasive manner (laparoscopic or robotic) as this approach is associated with less overall complications and a shorter hospitalization. The presented case illustrates the possibilities of modern surgery and the introduction of transplant oncology in the modern therapy of patients combining systemic therapy, surgical resection and transplantation to achieve optimal long-term results in patients which were initially indicated for palliative treatment.
Plastische und dilatative Tracheostomie – Technik und Fallstricke
Authors: Hess Carolin , Le Uyen-Thao , Schmid Severin 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Anlage eines Tracheostomas ist meist aufgrund einer langfristigen maschinellen Beatmungspflichtigkeit oder eines komplizierten Weanings erforderlich. Weitere Indikationen sind u. a.
Schluckstörungen mit rezidivierenden Aspirationen bei neuromuskulären Erkrankungen und hochgradige subglottische Stenosen. Die Tracheostomie kann in Abhängigkeit von der Indikation und Anatomie
als dilatative oder plastische Tracheostomaanlage durchgeführt werden. Die Komplikationsrate ist hierbei gering, wobei intraoperative Komplikationen von postoperativen Früh- und
Spätkomplikationen unterschieden werden. In diesem Artikel sollen die Indikationen, Durchführung und Komplikationen sowohl der dilatativen als auch plastischen Tracheostomie vorgestellt und
insbesondere die Langzeitkomplikationen, wie die Trachealstenose und die Tracheomalazie, beleuchtet werden.
Impact of Psychiatric Symptoms on Nasal Perception in Septorhinoplasty Patients
Authors: Hohenberger Ralph , Baumann Ingo , Riedel Frank , Plinkert Peter K. , Bulut Olcay Cem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPsychological assessment plays a crucial role in the preoperative phase of septorhinoplasty (SRPL), exerting potential influence on both pre- and postoperative aspects of quality of life (QoL). In this prospective study, SRPL patients were systematically screened using two validated questionnaires for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and one each for anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder (SSD). Nasal perception was evaluated utilizing two disease-specific, self-report instruments: The Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) and the Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory-17 (FROI-17). A total of 95 patients were enrolled. Positive screening rates were 40.4 and 28.3% for BDD, 37.3% for elevated anxiety, 16.4% for depression, and 22.4% for SSD. Mean scores on the ROE and FROI indicated lower QoL in all positive screening groups. Statistically significant differences were observed for anxiety (FROI total score: 47.1 ± 14.6 to 37.8 ± 16.2; p = 0.021) and BDD (ROE: 43.7 ± 15.7 to 32.5 ± 15.5; p = 0.003 and FROI total score: 47.4 ± 15.3 to 37.8 ± 17.1; p = 0.014). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale exhibited a significant correlation with the preoperative FROI score (r = 0.34, p = 0.005). Patients with positive screenings for depression, anxiety, BDD, and SSD demonstrated compromised QoL during preoperative assessments compared with their negative counterparts, reflecting diminished nasal perception in both esthetic and functional dimensions. Surgeons must be cognizant of these psychological aspects during preoperative evaluations.
Pentacene to Octacene: The Limit of Fourfold TIPS-Ethynylation
Authors: Zeitter Nico , Hippchen Nikolai , Baur Philipp , Unterreiner Tamara V. , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: January 2024

Soluble acenes beyond hexacene are rare. Their sensitivity complicates isolation, purification and application in devices. To increase the stability of acenes, functionalization with trialkylsilylethynyl substituents prevents [4 + 4] dimerization and oxidation. At the same time, such acenes are soluble and processible. Here we present the modular synthesis of fourfold tri-iso-propylsilylethynyl-ethynylated pentacenes to octacenes and investigate their optical and redox properties, frontier orbital positions (CV, density functional theory calculations) as well as their stability in solution (UV/vis, NMR spectroscopy). We also investigated their magnetic properties as a function of acene length. Pentacene, hexacene and heptacene are sufficiently stable to serve as semiconductors in thin-film transistors – the octacene rapidly decays to its butterfly dimer evidence by time-dependent NMR spectroscopy and crystal structure analysis.
Iron-Catalyzed [2+1+2+1] Annulation of Amines and N,N-Dimethyl Enaminones using N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol as a One-Carbon Synthon for the Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Authors: Yuan Jianyong , Ma Wanqian , Kuang Qiulin , Li Suzhen , Guo Mengyi , Song Yibo , Cheng Luoteng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines from amines, N,N-dimethyl enaminone and N,N-dimethylaminoethanol in a four-component [2+1+2+1] annulation catalyzed by FeCl3 has been established, where N,N-dimethylaminoethanol was applied as a methine source. The procedure was executed smoothly, resulting in the synthesis of a wide range of 1,4-dihydropyridines with moderate to good yields. Additionally, these fluorophores exhibited good photophysical characteristics.