bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel enzyme-fermentation process for bioconversion of restaurant food waste into isomaltooligosaccharide-and L-lactic acid-enriched animal feed
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Niu Dandan , Wang Zhengxiang 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionConsidering the valuable organic fraction contained, restaurant food waste (RFW) has attracted more attention as an alternative substrate for animal feed production. In this work, a new enzyme-fermentation process (EFP) for diverting RFW into synbiotic animal feed was developed, and its economic and environmental benefits were evaluated.MethodsThe process initiated with enzymatic hydrolysis of RFWs, intending to convert starch into isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) via simultaneous saccharification and transglycosylation (SST). Subsequently, the hydrolysate underwent fermentation with engineered Pichia pastoris GSL to form L-lactic acid (L-LA) from the free glucose and to biologically enhance the nutritional value.Results and discussionThe results indicated that employing the EFP yielded the highest IMOs levels, ranging from 17.10–38.00 g/L. Simultaneously, the process achieved the maximum L-LA concentration (20.75–27.16 g/L), with a conversion efficiency of 0.64–0.78 g/g. Additionally, 5.0–8.5 g/L of yeast biomass was generated. Economic estimates elucidated that the cost of RFW-derived animal feed through EFP was about $0.16/kg, signifying a substantial cost reduction (≥ 70%) compared to traditional feeds. Achieving complete conversion of RFW into animal feed while eliminating residual waste highlights the significant environmental benefits and the compatibility of the present technology with the zero-waste concept.
How Public Health Organizational Structure Affected the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Berman Peter , Cheng Michael , Bridget Elvira , Brubacher Laura Jane , Ruck Candice 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study sought to examine how public health organizational structures affected decision-making and provides recommendations to strengthen future public health crisis preparedness.Methods: The Institutions-Politics-Organizations-Governance (IPOG) framework and an organizational lens was applied to the analysis of COVID-19 governance within British Columbia (BC). Organizational charts detailing the structure of public health systems were compiled using available data and supplemented with data collected through key informant interviews.Results: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, BC initiated several changes in its public health organization. BC’s COVID-19 response attempted to utilize a centralized command structure within a decentralized health system. Four key themes were identified pertaining to the 1) locus of decision-making and action; 2) role of emergency structures; 3) challenges in organizational structure; and 4) balance between authority and participation in decision-making.Conclusion: The organizational adaptations enabled a substantively effective response. However, our findings also illustrate deficiencies in organizational structure in the current public health system. Two recommendations for consideration are: 1) a more formal vertical organizational structure; and 2) developing new mechanisms to link health and general emergency response structures.
Proteomic Investigation of Cape Cobra (Naja nivea) Venom Reveals First Evidence of Quaternary Protein Structures
Authors: McFarlane Lewis O. , Pukala Tara L. 
Published: January 2024

Naja nivea (N. nivea) is classed as a category one snake by the World Health Organization since its envenomation causes high levels of mortality and disability annually. Despite this, there has been little research into the venom composition of N. nivea, with only one full venom proteome published to date. Our current study separated N. nivea venom using size exclusion chromatography before utilizing a traditional bottom-up proteomics approach to unravel the composition of the venom proteome. As expected by its clinical presentation, N. nivea venom was found to consist mainly of neurotoxins, with three-finger toxins (3FTx), making up 76.01% of the total venom proteome. Additionally, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), vespryns (VESPs), cobra venom factors (CVFs), 5′-nucleotidases (5′NUCs), nerve growth factors (NGFs), phospholipase A2s (PLA2), acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (KUN), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), hydrolases (HYDs), snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), and snake venom serine protease (SVSP) toxins were also identified in decreasing order of abundance. Interestingly, contrary to previous reports, we find PLA2 toxins in N. nivea venom. This highlights the importance of repeatedly profiling the venom of the same species to account for intra-species variation. Additionally, we report the first evidence of covalent protein complexes in N. nivea venom, which likely contribute to the potency of this venom.
The Saudi Public Dealings with False News, Published on Social Media
Authors: Mohamed Hisham Abd Alla Alhag 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to find out the awareness of the Saudi public about the seriousness of false news published through social networking sites, and how they deal with this news.
Methods: The study relied on the descriptive methodology, where the questionnaire tool was used to collect information from the sample members, which were chosen by random probability from the Saudi public. The questionnaire was distributed to groups on Twitter and WhatsApp, and (124) individuals responded. One of the most important questions asked were the true role played by social networking sites in spreading false news, and what are the most important ways in which the public deals with this news.
Results: The study found that the majority of respondents agree with a very high degree that social networking sites have increased the speed of spread and circulation of false news. The study concluded that confronting false news with correct facts, data, and information from relevant authorities and jurisdiction helps limit its spread.
Conclusions: The study recommended the need to investigate news, and rely on reliable sources to obtain news from social networking sites and not repeat it and re-publish it, only after verifying its authenticity. The need to enact deterrent laws to punish publishers and promoters of false news, benefit from the experiences of other countries at the regional and international levels in the field of combating false news and prevent its dangers.
The Impact of Foreign Intervention in the Yemeni Crisis (2015-2020)
Authors: Alhuniti Rashed Ahmad Rashed 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The research reviews the complications and effects of regional and international external interventions on the Yemeni crisis and determines its role in the crisis.
Methods: For this purpose, the study relied on collecting data in a detailed manner through interviews with influential figures in the Yemeni issue, which helped to have a comprehensive understanding of the research questions and answer them in a scientific, objective, and accurate manner. Furthermore, the study outlined all factors influencing the conflict in Yemen, detailing their roles in shaping the situation.
Results: The results indicated that the Saudi leadership showed greater resolve towards the Yemeni issue, while the Russian policy towards the Yemeni crisis was neutral. The UAE was the most active party in the Yemeni crisis, as it supported the loyal factions, and strongly supported the military formations it established. The study highlighted the danger of Iranian intervention in Yemen's internal affairs and its impact on the stability and security of the region's countries. The study highlighted the Saudi leadership's more decisive role in addressing the Yemeni issue compared to other critical foreign policy matters like those in Syria and Iraq.
Conclusions: The study found that the objectives of Saudi Arabia's military intervention in its southern neighbor, Yemen, remain unclear. Despite initially announced goals of altering the emergency, supporting President Hadi, and consolidating control, there seems to be a shift toward fostering a loosely unified state that accommodates various factions, including temporary support for separatists in the south without complete appeasement.
التناصّ والأمثال في رسائل بديع الزمان الهمذانيّ (ت398هـ)
Authors: موسى علاء الدين زكي علي , السعودي نزار جبريل إبراهيم , الشريف علي كامل علي 
Published: January 2024

الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى رصد التناصّ والأمثال في رسائل بديع الزمان الهمذانيّ، لإظهار الأبعاد الدلاليّة والجماليّة الماثلة فيها؛ لأنّ هذه الرسائل لم تحظ بالعناية النقديّة اللائقة بها، الكاشفة عن براعة بديع الزمان البيانيّة والأسلوبيّة، مقابل تلك العناية الفائقة بمقاماته.
المنهجيّة: سار هذا البحث وفق منهج تحليليّ استقرائيّ، شمل جميع الأمثال التي ضمّنها بديع الزمان نصوصه الترسّليّة. فعمد إلى تحليل هذه الأمثال لغويًّا وبلاغيًّا ودلاليًّا، وفق سياقاتها، وتفكيكها إلى أبعادها ومضامينها الحضاريّة، ثمّ بناء مشهد نقديّ جامع لكلّ الأبعاد والمضامين. وجرى توظيف أدوات الإحصاء والموازنة والمقارنة لكتب الأمثال تارة، ولرسائل بديع الزمان تارة أخرى.
النتائج: نتج عن هذا البحث بيانُ تجلّي التناصّ في رسائل بديع الزمان بأنواعه كافّة: التناصّ المباشر (تناصّ التجلّي)، والتناصّ غير المباشر (تناصّ التحوير)، وتناصّ التشرّب والامتصاص (تناصّ الخفاء). كما نتج بيانُ تجلّي آليّات التناصّ المتعدّدة: التمطيط، والتكثيف، والتقليص، وما يتفرّع عنها من أشكال: كالأناكرام، والباراكرام، والتلميح. وأظهر البحث دور هذه الأنواع والآليّات التناصّيّة في نقل النصّ الترسّليّ من حدوده الضيّقة، إلى حركيّة القراءة، واتّساع الآفاق.
الخلاصة: خلص هذا البحث إلى أنّ التناصّ والأمثال في مدوّنة رسائل بديع الزمان، يكشف لنا عن عمق التجربة الفنّيّة لدى بديع الزمان، ونضجها. ويؤكّد ذلك تحقّق مختلف تجلّيات التناصّ في رسائله، ممّا ينبئ عن وعيه التامّ بالتراث الأدبيّ عامّة، والأمثال خاصّة، وقدرته على إحيائها من جديد.
LA GEOMATIQUE POUR AIDER DANS LE SUIVI ET L’ANALYSE DES PROJETS URBANISTIQUES ET LEURS IMPACTS SUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT, APPLICATION SUR LE BASSIN VERSANT D’IGHIL EMDA (ALGERIE)
Authors: HAMDANI Aziz , ABADA  ARZOUR Rofia 
Published: January 2024

L’avènement et l’essor de la géomatique ou le SIG, comme outil d’aide à la décision, ont promu considérablement et rendu plus pertinente la conception des projets urbanistiques mais aussi ont rendu plus cohérent le processus conceptuel et décisionnel. C’est grâce à la possibilité offerte par la géomatique, appliquée à toutes les géosciences et les sciences géographique, qu’il est devenu facile de réunir simultanément et pratiquement de façon intégrée, tous les éléments se rapportant à un territoire géographique. Les nouvelles techniques se proposent au moment où les territoires sont confrontés à
des problèmes majeurs notamment d’ordres environnementaux et économiques, mais aussi d’ordres sociétaux.
Dans le présent article, nous avons présenté les aspects avantageux de la mise en œuvre du SIG dans les études des projets d’urbanisme et leurs impacts environnementaux, d’autre part, nous avons montré dans quel stade du processus conceptuel et décisionnel il est sollicité. Il est clairement conclu que le SIG s’affirme de plus en en plus comme solution incontournable pour la réussite d’un projet d’aménagement du territoire dans son intégrité et en urbanisme particulièrement.
Un exemple illustratif est présenté dans ce travail montrant les possibilités de la géomatique, il porte sur un bassin versant qui fait, aujourd’hui, l’une des meilleures illustrations d’un territoire affecté par une urbanisation non maîtrisée de tout le territoire d’Algérie, il s’agit du bassin versant de Oued Agrioun dans la région de Kherrata (Algérie tellienne).
SELF-PRODUCED NEIGHBOURHOODS IN TUNISIA: FROM VULNERABILITY TO RESILIENCE, WHAT ARE THE RESILIENCE VARIABLES?
Authors: SOUISSI Hazar , Ali Abdelmonem ZRIBI 
Published: January 2024

The self-produced housing phenomenon emerged all over Tunisian cities at the beginning of the twentieth century under the impetus of the rural exodus, under the pressure of exclusion mechanisms linked to economic policies and housing policies. Thus, this form of housing has unfortunately become a real sector of popular housing production evolving explosively in the world. It reflects actual forms of precariousness and social exclusion challenging the established urban order. Nowadays, this form of production increasingly attracts the attention of all stakeholders in the city. It combines several limits both at the spatial organization level and at the economic and social level. The requalification attempts have relatively improved living conditions in many neighbourhoods. The built environment which undergoes major transformations is largely neglected. In this paper, we will firstly present the situation of these self-produced neighbourhoods and then: State interventions. From concrete examples in Tunisia, we will question the future of self-produced forms of habitat and how to intervene in a context of resilience to ensure their sustainability. Several issues have to be discussed related to the way of inhabiting these spaces, the architecture produced, the consensus town planning, and the participation of residents. We will try, using an analysis grid, to outline the resilience variables. The resilience variables allow us to overcome these self-produced quarters' urban and social marginalisation.
référence aux médinas dans les projets d’habitat à Tunis à l’épreuve de l’intégration sociale et urbaine
Authors: Ben Medien Olfa 
Published: January 2024

L’architecture médinale est une thématique souvent abordée par le prisme de l’histoire et du patrimoine, pourtant le paysage urbain actuel des villes arabes est de plus en plus marqué par de nouvelles œuvres architecturales fortement inspirées de ce patrimoine. La ville de Tunis connaît un retour à une esthétique éclectique alliant la référence à l’architecture médinale aux signes de la modernité. Un style que nous retrouvons essentiellement dans les bâtiments officiels ou touristiques comme une forme de confirmation de l’identité arabo-musulmane du pays. D’un côté, la référence médinale dans la conception des logements et projets d’habitat émane d’un choix délibéré des maîtres d’ouvrages et maîtres d’œuvre sans être imposée par un contexte politique ou de marketing. C’est cette donnée qui est à l’origine de notre choix des projets immobiliers résidentiels comme support de cette étude.
Nous proposons d’aborder la question de la référence médinale à travers l’étude de projets d’habitat produits à Tunis par des promoteurs privés et publics. Nous avons choisi de traiter la question de la référence médinale dans les projets d’habitation à travers le prisme de l’intégration urbaine, architecturale, et sociale. Ce travail est appuyé par une analyse des manières d’interprétations de la référence médinale et des dimensions formelles et valorielles auxquelles elles renvoient.
La recherche se base sur un travail d’enquête avec les concepteurs et les habitants, une lecture des notes de présentation des projets et une observation architecturale et urbaine.
Apport de la matrice de confusion dans l’évaluation du changement du paysage et de l’occupation du sol : cas de la zone du grand Sfax
Authors: CHAABANE Balkis , BEL FEKIH BOUSSEMA Safa , KHEBOUR ALLOUCHE Faiza 
Published: January 2024

L’étude de la dynamique de l’occupation du sol est d’une importance primordiale pour le suivie et la gestion d’un territoire. C’est dans ce contexte que cette étude a été menée dans le but d’évaluer l’impact de l’évolution de l’urbain sur la diversité de l’occupation du sol dans le grand Sfax au centre-est de la Tunisie. Pour cela trois images satellitaires Landsat datant de 1990, 2003 et 2015 ont été utilisées. Ces données sont traitées par la classification supervisée pour la production des cartes multi-dates illustrant la dynamique spatio-temporelle de huit classes à savoir : l’urbain, les champs d’olivier, les jardins, les parcelles irriguées, les marais saumâtres saisonniers (sebkha), les salines et le phosphogypse. La précision de classification a été évalué quantitativement à l’aide de l’indice de kappa (>0,7) à travers la matrice de confusion. L’analyse du résultat a permis de mettre en évidence la croissance de l’urbanisme par 18% contre la régression de 20 de terres agricoles.
Experience design: A tool for the valorization of the archaeological site of Sbeitla - Tunisia
Authors: BEN ALI Fouad , Marouani Abir , Chikh Rouhou Morched 
Published: January 2024

This article presents a research path interesting the valorization of the archaeological site of Sbeïtla (Tunisai) by the tool of experience design. The objective of this research is to contribute to the creation of a specific experience to visitors. To carry out this work, we have adopted an analytical approach. Using experience design, we have conducted a site observation followed by a survey whose purpose is to analyze the visit of a group of experiencers in order to assess the level of their satisfaction.
Based on the results obtained, this research proposes the use of the new technology, specifically the augmented reality, as a catalyst to amplify the level of satisfaction of experiencers. It is through experience design and through the integration of new non-destructive technology that the archaeological site of Sbeïtla can be both valorised and preserved.
BIM, as a digital process for sustainable Architecture
Authors: NAJJAR MANSOUR ONS , GZARA Raja 
Published: January 2024

The Building Information Modeling (BIM), has become an important issue for the development of construction sector all over the world. States are implementing policies to accelerate the spread of uses and practices. The BIM is identified as a digital process, used to perform the collaboration during the life cycle of a project. According to BIM Fundamentals the 6D dimension is recognized as the sustainable process with an impact on environment and economics study.[1]
The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of introducing the digital tool for architecture design at multiple levels to offer a better way to manage projects.
Nowadays, BIM offers the opportunity for all construction’s professionals: Architects, Engineers and Constructors, to use it and develop the ability to work more efficiently and effectively.
The question is how can we enlarge and generalize the use of BIM in order to have a sustainable architecture?
Should we only focus on introducing the process at the university level? Or should we consider also the importance of policies and implementation strategy?
Analyzing case studies from all over the world and in particular the leading country in using BIM such as UK, Netherland, France and others, will direct us to understand the best way to implement BIM. The comparison with arid and semi-Arid[2] states can show us the best way to adopt it in this context.
The university seems to be a part of the triad that should include also the mandatory of using BIM for public projects, and the need to state employee training.
Internalisasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama di SD Negeri 1 Sidorejo Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Hikmah Nurul , Fitriah Fitriah , Sholeh Makherus 
Published: January 2024

<p>SD Negeri 1 Sidorejo Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat merupakan Sekolah Dasar yang warga sekolahnya terdiri dari berbagai agama dan suku. Maka untuk menjaga kerukunan dan dapat hidup rukun berdampingan perlu untuk menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai moderasi Beragama di lingkungan sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis internalisasi nilai-nilai moderasi beragama di SD Negeri 1 Sidorejo Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa internalisasi nilai-nilai moderasi beragama dilakukan melalui kegiatan jum’at beramal, Apel Senin, internalisasi nilai-nilai moderasi beragama pada saat pembelajaran di kelas dan membiasakan budaya 5S (senyum, salam, sapa, sopan dan santun). Nilai moderasi yang diinternalisasikan dalam kegiatan Jum’at beramal adalah nilai tasamuh, I’tidal dan Musawah. Nilai Musawah adalah nilai moderasi yang diinternalisasikan dalam budaya 5S. Nilai moderasi yang diinternalisasikan pada saat apel senin adalah nilai tasamuh, i’tidal, musawah dan syura (musyawarah). Nilai-nilai moderasi beragama yang diinternalisasikan pada saat pembelajaran PAI di kelas adalah nilai tawazun (berkeseimbangan), tasamuh, I’tidal Musawah dan Syura (musyawarah).</p>
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Artemisia monosperma and Salvia officinalis L. plants
Authors: Raghad A. Aziz  , Enas J. Hasan  , Zainab G. Hussein  
Published: January 2024

This study was aimed to estimeated at chemical composition and evaluating the effectivenes of the extract of Artemisia monosperma and Salvia officinalis L. against four species of illness bacteria that causing and food spoileg. The result were refer to found a number of effective compounds in plant extract like Glycosides , Flavonoids , Resins, Alkaloids, Phenols and Trace elements (Co, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd and Cu). The results of Microbiological tests were showed some difference between the effect of this plants on the declining of the bacterical species growth. Inhibition zone against bacteria was (11-23.5)mm and the (MIC) were 10 - 30 mg/ml for alcoholic extracts against becterial species tested.
Least square method for Solving Linear Fredholm and Volterra Integro – Differential Equations of the Second Kind Using Bernstein Polynomial
Authors: Lahib Ibrahim Zaidan  
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of this paper lies briefly in submitting least square method for solving linear Fredholm and Volterra integro differential equations of the second kind with the aid of Bernstein polynomials as basic functions to compute the approximated solutions of Fredholm and Volterra integro differential equations .Two examples are given for determining the accuracy of the proposed results method.