bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two mountain gorilla habitats in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda
Authors: Nkurunungi John Bosco , Ganas Jessica , Robbins Martha M. , Stanford Craig B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, is a small protected area (331 km2) within which there is large climatic and altitudinal variation. Therefore we compared habitat types and forest composition between two locations to investigate differences that may influence ecological conditions for large mammals, including endangered mountain gorillas. We demonstrate that there is considerable intersite variation in habitat types and spatial and temporal availability of vegetation resources of which the most apparent are the differences in species composition of plants and fruit availability. Buhoma (the lower altitude site) has a greater diversity of plant species and higher tree and shrub densities, yet has a much lower density of herbaceous vegetation eaten by gorillas compared with Ruhija. Fruit availability is significantly higher throughout the year in Buhoma compared with Ruhija. Both sites exhibit seasonal variation in fruit availability although they do not follow the same seasonal pattern, perhaps because of inherent asynchronous phenological differences amongst individual tree species. The results of this study are important because distribution and abundance of both terrestrial herbaceous vegetation and fruit resources are believed to influence aspects of feeding ecology for large mammals.
Habitat selection by the Cape clawless otter (Aonyx capensis) in rivers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Somers Michael J. , Nel Jan A. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe radio‐tracked seven Cape clawless otters (Aonyx capensis) (Schinz, 1821) in two rivers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, providing data on their habitat selection. Habitat type was investigated at a scale that enabled us to separate the effects of types of riparian vegetation, geomorphology and anthropogenic influences. Otters selected areas with boulders and/or reed beds, which provided high crab density and shelter. Direct observations showed that they used two foraging modes depending on the habitat selected. Otters could select open water within c. 8 m of the shore, dive and surface with or without prey. Otherwise hunting involved them moving into shallow water (c. 0.2 m deep), and walking along the substrate feeling for prey with their forefeet. Disturbed possible prey items were then caught with the forefeet.
The effect of γ‐ray irradiation on the drying characteristics and final quality of dried potato slices
Authors: Wang Jun , Du Yaoshun 
Published: January 2005

Summaryγ irradiation is known to be effective when used to reduce post‐harvest losses and control micro‐organisms and insects in stored products. It has been commonly used for processing dehydrated vegetables and fruits. However, few studies have been reported on the use of a γ irradiation treatment combined with a drying process. This study focuses on improving current technology as well as introducing a new technology by which bioproducts, dried by hot‐air, are pretreated with γ irradiation. Experiments were done to study the influence of irradiation dose air temperature and slice thickness on the dehydration rate and internal temperature of irradiated potato. These three factors were found to affect the dehydration rate and internal temperature of the potato, with an increase in irradiation dose, increasing the rate of dehydration and the internal temperature. The greater the dose, the lower the vitamin C content and the lower the rehydration ratio. The L‐colour values of the dried‐product under low dose irradiation were greater than for non‐irradiation, and at >6 kGy, the higher the dose, the lower the L‐value.
High pressure processing of meat batters with added walnuts
Authors: Ayo Josune , Carballo José , Solas Maria Teresa , Jiménez‐Colmenero Francisco 
Published: January 2005

SummaryVarious model systems were designed in order to analyse the way in which addition of different levels of walnut (0, 10, 20%) and processing by high pressure (HPP) (400 MPa for 10 min at 10 °C) influenced the physico‐chemical properties of cooked (70 °C for 30 min) meat batters. The addition of walnut increased the fat level and decreased the moisture content in the meat batters. All of the meat batters exhibited good water and fat binding properties. The hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness of cooked products were reduced by addition of walnut but were unaffected by HPP. Incorporation of nuts in meat products can potentially be used to confer cardiac health benefits.
Phenolic compounds and plant extracts protect paprika against UV‐induced discoloration
Authors: Cuvelier Marie‐Elisabeth , Berset Claudette 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe efficiency of phenolic antioxidants in protecting paprika carotenoids against discoloration was studied in a model gel system that was exposed to radiation of 274 nm at 20 °C. The fading of the colour of the gel was followed over a 6‐h period. Fifty percent of the colour faded from the control after 70 min of radiation. The ability of each antioxidant to prevent discoloration was assessed by using several different concentrations. Antioxidant compounds can be ranked according to their protective effect on colour: BHT > α‐tocopherol > epigallocatechin gallate > quercetin > rosmarinic acid ≥ caffeic acid and ferulic acid > coumaric acid > catechin. The ability of rosemary and tea extracts to prevent discoloration was comparable to pure compounds and this could be explained by their polyphenol content. Mixtures of α‐tocopherol with rosemary extract revealed strong synergistic effects.
Determination of the quality of frozen hake using its microwave dielectric properties
Authors: Kent Michael , Knöchel Reinhard , Daschner Frank , Schimmer Ove , Tejada Margarita , Huidobro Almudena , Nunes Leonor , Batista Irineu , Martins Andreia 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe work reported here examines the changes in microwave dielectric properties of south Atlantic hake (Merluccius capensis) during long‐term frozen storage. Variables related to the dielectric properties of individual fish were measured in the microwave region using an open‐ended coaxial sensor and time domain reflectometer. The multivariate data so obtained were subjected to principal component analysis both to eliminate colinearity of the data and to reduce the number of variables. The principal components (PCs) obtained were then used in multiple regressions to produce calibration equations for the prediction of a number of variables of interest e.g. time and temperature of storage and sensory attributes. Other data such as water holding capacity, texture (shear strength), apparent viscosity of homogenates and concentration of free formaldehyde were also used along with the dielectric data to improve the prediction of these variables. In addition, using the PCs as descriptors in discriminant analysis, the fish were sorted into defined groups, e.g. season of catching, quality. Discrimination was generally achieved with high success rates, the success rate of assigning Atlantic fish to the correct season of catching being higher than 92%.
Hot water and curing treatments reduce chilling injury and maintain post‐harvest quality of ‘Valencia’ oranges
Authors: Erkan Mustafa , Pekmezci Mustafa , Wang Chien Y. 
Published: January 2005

Summary‘Valencia’ oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were harvested at optimal maturity and either dipped in hot water at 53 °C for 3 or 6 min or at 48 °C for 12 min or cured at 53 °C for 1 or 6 h or at 48 °C for 12 h. The fruits were not degreened, waxed or treated with any post‐harvest fungicides. All fruit samples were stored at 4 °C for 6 months following the treatments. Both hot water dip and curing treatments reduced chilling injury and decay when compared with the untreated control. The most effective treatments were curing of fruit at 53 °C for 6 h and at 48 °C for 12 h. Weight loss and juice yield were higher in cured fruits than those from other treatments, but the heat treatments had no consistent effects on titratable acid, soluble solids, ascorbic acid and peel colour. It was concluded that a pre‐storage hot water dip and curing at high temperatures might be beneficial in preventing chilling injury and decay of ‘Valencia’ oranges for 6 months of storage at 4 °C.
Effects of a relaxation breathing exercise on fatigue in haemopoietic stem cell transplantation patients
Authors: Kim Sang‐Dol , Kim Hee‐Seung 
Published: January 2005

Aim.  Our purpose was to investigate the effect of a relaxation breathing exercise on fatigue in allogenic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.Background.  Exercise is a promising approach in ameliorating the fatigue associated with cancer and its treatment.Design.  A randomized design with control, experimental groups being assessed pre‐ and postintervention.Methods.  Thirty‐five patients were randomly selected, with 18 assigned to an exercise group and 17 to a control group. The exercise intervention lasted for 30 minutes every day for six weeks. It consisted of physical exercise combined with relaxation breathing exercise. Fatigue was measured by the revised version of the Piper Fatigue Scale.Results.  The exercise group had a greater decrease in fatigue than the control group.Conclusion.  These findings indicate that a relaxation breathing exercise would improve fatigue in allogenic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  A relaxation breathing exercise by a nurse can improve fatigue in allogenic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.
Patient participation in nursing care: an interpretation by Swedish Registered Nurses
Authors: Sahlsten Monika JM , Larsson Inga E , Lindencrona Catharina SC , Plos Kaety AE 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to clarify Registered Nurses’ understanding of patient participation in nursing care. Objectives were to investigate ward nurses’ interpretation of the elements of patient participation and its implementation.Background.  One goal of health care is patient participation. Registered Nurses must encourage the participation of their patients in nursing care situations. A right for patients to make their own informed choices is laid down in Swedish laws and national and local directives. The concept of patient participation can be interpreted differently and is thus difficult to implement and evaluate. Current nursing literature provides little clarity of the elements and processes of patient participation and conceptual definitions differ.Design and methods.  A qualitative approach was applied and the Grounded Theory method used. Thirty‐one Registered Swedish Nurses described the meaning of patient participation and its implementation in nursing care. Seven focus group interviews with nurses providing inpatient somatic care were carried out in five hospitals in west Sweden.Results.  Four properties, describing nurses’ approaches and procedures, constitute patient participation. The properties are: interpersonal procedure, therapeutic approach, focus on resources, opportunities for influence. These properties were considered crucial for patient participation in a nursing care context.Conclusions and relevance to clinical practice.  The results clarify the concept of patient participation from a nursing perspective. A comprehensive description of important factors for patient participation could be made on the basis of nursing experience. This comprehensive description can be used in nursing care practice and its evaluation. The developed categories can be used in nursing care documentation of how patient participation is realized.
Telling tales: a qualitative exploration of how children's nurses interpret work with unaccompanied hospitalized children
Authors: Livesley Joan 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  To explore how qualified children's nurses define, interpret and give meaning to their work with unaccompanied children in hospital.Background.  Unaccompanied children are amongst the most vulnerable of the hospital population yet there is little insight into the strategies nurses use to work with them.Design.  A qualitative study.Methods.  Tape recorded unstructured interviews with four qualified children's nurses. The interviews focused on stories from the participants’ experiences of working with unaccompanied hospitalized children. Transcribed interviews were analyzed for narrative structure to expose how the participants interpreted and gave meaning to their experiences.Findings.  The participants’ interpretations of the child ‘alone’ advance previous understandings. The stories unfold into interpreted meanings that shed light on the participant's experiences of sadness and distress.Relevance to clinical practice.  The strategy of differentiating between being a nurse and being a parent emerges as an important strategy in interpreting professional boundaries. The conventional meaning of ‘emotional distancing’ is further advanced by the participants’ resiliency at remaining emotionally available to the children and parents in their stories. Further research into the emotional aspects of working with children in hospital is warranted.
Work satisfaction and dissatisfaction – caregivers’ experiences after a two‐year intervention in a newly opened nursing home
Authors: Häggström Elisabeth , Skovdahl Kirsti , Fläckman Birgitta , Kihlgren Annika L , Kihlgren Mona 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate, from the narratives of nine enrolled nurses and one nurses’ aide directly involved in patient care, the deeper meaning of work satisfaction and dissatisfaction when working with the older people.Background. Both nationally and internationally, there is little research documented regarding the working situation of the enrolled nurses and nurses’ aides who make up the majority of care for older people today. With this in mind, it is important to focus on how these occupational groups experience their work with the older residents in municipal care, following a two‐year intervention.Design. The study is part of a larger longitudinal study, with a quasi‐experimental design within the municipal system of care for older people in Sweden. The investigation was carried out following a two‐year intervention, which included: education, support and clinical supervision.Method. The interviews were performed 12 and 24 months after start of the intervention and were analysed with a phenomenological–hermeneutic method inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy.Results. The findings from these narratives illustrated a change compared with the findings from the first interviews, when the nursing home had just opened. There was a shift from a dominance of dissatisfaction with work, to a dominance of work satisfaction and this was expressed in the following themes: experience of a changed perspective, experience of open doors, and experience of closed doors. Each theme emerged from several different subthemes and each subtheme that had been expressed in the caregivers’ narratives was interpreted.Conclusions. The study shows that the caregivers’ experience of work satisfaction in the workplace exceeded their experience of dissatisfaction and that the intervention, consisting of: education, support, and supervision might have facilitated this positive development where the older residents were prioritized. It also shows that communication and understanding between management and staff had increased as the nursing home had opened.Relevance to clinical practice. The findings can be used to help to prevent work dissatisfaction, and thereby increase work satisfaction for caregivers working in nursing homes.
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome): reflective practice of a nurse manager
Authors: Lau Pui Yi , Chan Carmen WH 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  This paper describes the reflective practice of a nurse manager in Hong Kong in supporting frontline nurses to overcome the crisis of SARS.Background.  SARS infection was a crisis for everyone in endemic areas because of its threat to physical and emotional health. Hong Kong was the second leading endemic area in the world. Inadequate supplies of protective devices and the death of a nurse infected with SARS triggered nurses’ negative emotions.Methods.  A model of structured reflection was adopted to examine one's practice. A problem‐solving model for crisis intervention was integrated into the reflective stage of structured reflection.Results.  Promotion of nurses’ safety and emotional stability were the major goals in handling the crisis. Strategies were employed including self‐awareness, empowerment and team building, information sharing, provision of personal protective equipment and emotional support for frontline nurses.Conclusions.  SARS infection threatens the physical and emotional health of nurses. From a positive perspective, such a crisis created an opportunity to learn and grow in terms of ethical, personal and aesthetic arenas.Relevance to clinical practice.  SARS epidemic raised worldwide attention and challenged the Hong Kong's health care system. Reflective practice is useful to guide and examine nurses’ professional action during the crisis, and to put the experience into a learning perspective.
Sleep quality in hospitalized patients
Authors: Doǧan Orhan , Ertekin Şükran , Doǧan Selma 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare sleep quality of the hospitalized patients and matched healthy controls.Background.  Although the functions of sleep are not clearly understood, it is generally accepted that it is necessary for the maintenance of good health. Hospitalized patients’ sleep may not be refreshing or restorative. The reasons for this can be categorized into three groups: environmental, physiological and psychological.Design and methods.  This research was conducted at the Cumhuriyet University Hospital in Turkey. One hundred and fifty hospitalized patients (psychiatry = 50; orthopaedic + general surgery + cardiovascular surgery + urology = 50; internal medicine + chest diseases + infectious diseases + physical therapy and rehabilitation = 50) and 50 healthy controls constituted the sample. The researchers administered to the patient and control groups Sociodemographic Information Form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. We compared sociodemographic and illness variables with sleep characteristics. The following statistical analyses were used in order to evaluate the data: variance analysis, Tukey HSD test, Student's t‐test, Kruskall–Wallis test.Results.  We found that patients in psychiatric ward experienced worse sleep quality than the other patients, worse in female patients than male patients, and worse sleep characteristics in patients than controls.Conclusions.  Health professionals must be educated about sleep and must provide intervention when needed.Relevance to clinical practice.  The enhancing of sleep quality accelerates to the recovery from illness.
Health promoting hospitals: the role and function of nursing
Authors: Whitehead Dean 
Published: January 2005

Background.  In 1986, the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion sought to create a framework that conveyed the notion of capacity building, related to specific settings, and a structured process for health promotion action. It provided the platform from which the health promoting hospital movement was later launched. Nearly two decades on, the health promoting hospital (HPH) movement has grown considerably and continues to expand, against the backdrop of having to adapt to the changing needs and demands of clients and the evolving social context of their communities. Many nurses, it is argued here, are often unaware of health promoting hospitals concepts or, when they are, do little to contribute to them.Method.  A critical review of the available health promoting hospital and related literature has been conducted for discussion.Findings.  The literature revealed that hospitals are being urged to reject practices based purely on health‐limiting and limited biomedical frameworks, in favour of moving towards models based on health promoting hospitals and public health‐orientated hospitals. This requires radical reform that focuses on the social and health policy context of organizations, the socio‐political empowerment of its employers and clients, and the personal/collective positive health and welfare of its employers and clients. Many health service agencies are beginning to emphasize population health within communities as part of a concerted move away from an original primary focus on acute inpatient hospital‐based service provision.Conclusion.  Hospitals need to adapt and expand their efforts to focus on health promotion activities, in collaboration with the ever‐widening community networks of health and social agencies. This requires the commitment of all health care professional groups. Nurses who practice in the hospital setting should be aiming to initiate and promote radical health promotion reform as set out in the health promoting hospital movement.This paper argues that nursing per se could be making much larger inroads and efforts to affect and implement wide‐ranging health promotion activities in hospital organizations. Nurses should view the HPH movement as another opportunity truly to embrace evolving broad‐based health promotion concepts, as a means to forge and own their own health agenda, and also as a means to move beyond the traditional reliance of a limited health education role.Relevance to clinical practice.  Hospitals and their employees must be seen to advocate, support and implement wide‐reaching social and community‐based reform, as part of a necessary commitment to ‘seamless’ health care provision. The health promoting hospital movement represents a collective vehicle for enabling such activities. If nurses wish to be at the forefront of current health service strategies they must be seen to embrace the radical health promotion reforms that are emerging from the current literature and put forward in this article.
Hospitalized elders and family caregivers: a typology of family worry
Authors: Li Hong 
Published: January 2005

Objective.  This qualitative study explored the kinds of worry that family caregivers experience when their older relatives are hospitalized.Background.  Little is known about what kinds of worries family caregivers may have in association with the hospitalizations of older relatives. An understanding of the different patterns of family worry may help health care teams intervene more effectively to meet family caregiver's needs by reducing their anxiety.Design.  A qualitative descriptive design with Loftland and Loftland (1984) approach for the study of a phenomenon occurring in a social setting was used.Method.  A purposeful sample of 10 participants was obtained that included six family caregivers and four nurses. Participants were recruited from two hospitals in the northwest US. Intensive interviews and participant observations were used for data collection, and Loftland and Loftland's (1984) qualitative approach was used for data analysis.Results.  Family worry was defined as family caregivers’ felt difficulty in fulfilling their roles because of worry. Four categories of family worry were identified as a result of this study: (i) worry about the patient's condition; (ii) worry about the patient's care received from the health care team; (iii) worry about future care for the patient provided by the family caregiver; and (iv) worry about finances.Conclusions.  The findings of this pilot study provide nurses with the initial knowledge of the typology of family worry associated with elderly relatives’ hospitalizations.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings of this study may sensitize the nurses to more precisely evaluate family caregivers’ worry about their hospitalized elders and provide more effective nursing interventions to improve outcomes of both patients and their family caregivers.