bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Structural Equation Modeling Reveals Latent Phenotypes in the Human Cortex with Distinct Genetic Architecture
Authors: Morey Rajendra , Zheng Yuanchao , Sun Delin , Garrett Melanie , Gasperi Marianna , Maihofer Adam , Baird C. Lexi , Grasby Katrina , Huggins Ashley , Haswell Courtney , Thompson Paul , Medland Sarah , Gustavson Daniel , Panizzon Matthew , Kremen William , Nievergelt Caroline , Ashley-Koch Allison , Logue Logue 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Genetic contributions to human cortical structure manifest pervasive pleiotropy. This pleiotropy may be harnessed to identify unique genetically-informed parcellations of the cortex that are neurobiologically distinct from functional, cytoarchitectural, or other cortical parcellation schemes. We investigated genetic pleiotropy by applying genomic structural equation modeling (SEM) to map the genetic architecture of cortical surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) for the 34 brain regions recently reported in the ENIGMA cortical GWAS. Genomic SEM uses the empirical genetic covariance estimated from GWAS summary statistics with LD score regression (LDSC) to discover factors underlying genetic covariance, which we are denoting genetically informed brain networks (GIBNs). Genomic SEM can fit a multivariate GWAS from summary statistics for each of the GIBNs, which can subsequently be used for LD score regression (LDSC). We found the best-fitting model of cortical SA identified 6 GIBNs and CT identified 4 GIBNs. The multivariate GWASs of these GIBNs identified 74 genome-wide significant (GWS) loci (p<5×10-8), including many previously implicated in neuroimaging phenotypes, behavioral traits, and psychiatric conditions. LDSC of GIBN GWASs found that SA-derived GIBNs had a positive genetic correlation with bipolar disorder (BPD), and cannabis use disorder, indicating genetic predisposition to a larger SA in the specific GIBN is associated with greater genetic risk of these disorders. A negative genetic correlation was observed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and insomnia, indicating genetic predisposition to a larger SA in the specific GIBN is associated with lower genetic risk of these disorders. CT GIBNs displayed a negative genetic correlation with alcohol dependence. Jointly modeling the genetic architecture of complex traits and investigating multivariate genetic links across phenotypes offers a new vantage point for mapping the cortex into genetically informed networks.
Unveilling the Hidden Skillset: Exploring Non-Technical Skills in Surgical Education Across Spanish Medical Universities
Authors: Oves-Suarez Beatriz , García-Marín Jose Andres , Aguayo-Albasini Jose Luis , Soria-Aledo Victoriano 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Non-Technical Skills (NTS) are cognitive, social, and personal resource skills that are crucial in complex and high-risk environments. The aims of our research are to determine the prevalence and content of NTS in the surgical rotation teaching guides of the Medicine Degree programs in Spanish Universities, to identify the most prevalent types and subtypes of NTS, and to analyze factors associated with the prevalence of surgical NTS in Medical Schools in Spain.
Methods: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study involving the identification and collection of competencies outlined in the surgical rotation teaching guides of Spanish Medical Schools. Information regarding university performance was obtained from the Foundation for Knowledge and Development Ranking webpage. The "Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons" (NOTSS) system was used to classify each competency in the teaching guides as NTS (categories and elements) and technical skills. Disagreements were resolved through group consensus.
Results: A total of 1,846 competencies were analyzed in surgical rotations of the Medicine Degree programs across 40 Spanish Universities, with 99 competencies identified as surgical NTS, accounting for 5% of the total. The most frequently identified surgical NTS were "Decision Making" (46%), "Communication & Teamwork" (25%), and "Leadership" (19%). Additionally, several NOTSS were not identified in any institution. Public universities and those including a greater number of competencies had a higher rate of surgical NTS competencies, and we did not find a correlation between surgical NTS competencies and quality indices of University Centers.
Conclusions: There is a limited presence of surgical NTS in the educational plans of Spanish Universities.
The emergence of citizen collectives for care: the role of social cohesion
Authors: Wittenberg Kevin , Corten Rense , Lippe Tanja van der , de Moor Tine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Ageing populations and the ability to cure an increasing number of ailments put pressure on the health care sector. Meanwhile, care institutions retreat from rural areas and some governments emphasizes the need for citizens to find informal care primarily in their own social network. In The Netherlands, citizens increasingly respond by coming together to organize (in)formal care among themselves in ‘care collectives’. However, little is known about the conditions that need to be met for such collective action to develop, and explanations that go beyond an individualist perspective are particularly lacking. In this study, we aim to fill this gap, and specifically argue for the potential role of social cohesion to facilitate collective action among citizens through fostering a social identity, and through the prevalence of social relations that facilitate reciprocity and mutual trust among citizens. We further test whether these relations vary between municipalities, and whether they depend on the necessity for care services.
Methods
We obtain data on the location of care collectives from an extensive Dutch inventory and match it to register data from Statistics Netherlands from 2020. We create measures for neighborhood attachment and contact using the ‘ecometric approach’. We test our hypotheses with multilevel logistic regression models and multilevel event history analysis for a subset of the data that can be analyzed longitudinally.
Results
We find evidence for a positive association between neighborhood attachment and the emergence of a care collective, which is stronger if the necessity for care is higher. We do not find a relation between neighborhood contact and care collectives, nor do we find evidence that these relations vary between municipalities. We cannot replicate our positive associations in the longitudinal model, and thus remain reserved about their causal interpretation.
Conclusions
There is considerable variability in the extent to which neighborhoods organize care services collectively. Partly, this may be attributable to differences in the prevalence of neighborhood identity, which would imply that an increasing reliance on citizen collectives may increase inequality in access to healthcare. Further research should emphasize combing community-level information with data on individual participation in care collectives to delve deeper into the dynamics of invitation, representation and embeddedness than current data allows.
Inflammation and Redox Homeostasis Induces Type 3 Deiodinase and Impacts Brain Endoplasmic Reticulum–Mitochondria Crosstalk Both in Local and Systemic Disease Models
Authors: Marschner Rafael Aguiar , Oliveira Thaliane Carvalho , Dreher Milla Paim , Correa Julia Maria , Ribeiro Rafael Teixeira , Dias Vitor Gayger , Silva Vanessa Fernanda , Freitas Laura , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto , Alvares-da-Silva Mario Reis , Wajner Simone Magagnin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thyroid hormone is the leading regulator of cell energy production in most tissues, mainly the brain. While the activation process of T4 into T3 depends on D1 and D2 deiodinases, type 3 is the main enzyme that inactivates T3. Several mechanisms, among them oxidative stress, led by disease, imbalances and induces D3, diminishing T3 levels. The response of D3 in the brain in the context of different disease models has yet to be studied. Here we evaluated D3 induction in the brain in two animal disease models, one systemic and the other local. Methodology: To the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease model Male/adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 20) were assigned to control group (standard diet–2.93kcal/g) or high-fat-diet group (CDHF–4.3kcal/g). In the streptozotocin-induced (STZ) Alzheimer's model Adult Wistar rats (n = 16) were allocated to the control group (5uL of citrate) or 5uL of streptozotocin. Sham animals were used as controls. D3 expression, oxidative stress parameters, endoplasmic stress and mitochondrial amount measured in the brain. Levels of D3 increased in the brain (~ 30% in each group, P < 0.0001) in both MASLD and STZ groups. Cerebral tissue from both groups had augmented carbonyl levels (P < 0.001) and reduced sulfhydryl (P < 0.001). Glutathione was diminished. Antioxidant defenses were altered with endoplasmic reticulum stress and altered mitochondrial concentration (P = 0.001). The augmented T3 inactivation by D3 dysfunction in brain due to oxidative stress disrupts ER-mitochondrial contact interaction, changing the function of both organelles in the brain.
A theoretical modeling of NaBr(H2)n clusters as a unique approach in hydrogen gas storage
Authors: Pour Mohsen Mohammadi , Zabardasti Abedien , de Oliveira Boaz Galdino , Greer Alexander 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Adsorption of H2 molecules on a bed of NaBr unit for the formation of NaBr(H2)n (n = 1-8) aggregates is reported here theoretically. Second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation calculations were carried out using the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level for predictions of adsorption energies and Gibbs free energy changes for these aggregates. The NaBr(H2)n aggregates are predicted to steadily increase in H2 saving capacity and energy efficiency as n increases from 1 to 8, relative to free H2 molecules under identical conditions. The low activation energies for H2 desorption from the NaBr(H2)n adducts resulting in high amounts of H2 molecules desorbed at low temperatures. The Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) calculations were used to investigate the nature of interactions in NaBrH2(n) complexes. Furthermore, cooperativite effects were investigated for optimized complexes. Results are dealing with diminutive interactions in the NaBr(H2)n complexes. Finally, electronic properties of the NaBr(H2)n clusters were obtained by the Density Of States (DOS) calcalcuation.
Assessing the continuum of care in sub-Saharan African hospitals performing surgery for breast cancer
Authors: GNANGNON Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue , LAWANI Ismaïl , KNIGHT Stephen , PARENTÉ Alexis , DOSSOU Francis Moïse , TOTAH Terrence , HOUINATO Dismand Stephan , Blanquet Véronique , PREUX Pierre-Marie , HARRISON Ewen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

While breast cancer incidence rates in SSA are among the lowest worldwide, mortality rates remain among the highest, reflecting particularly poor survival. Only a few studies in SSA have investigated the capabilities of treatment services to adequately provide a continuum of care for breast cancer. Our aim was to assess the availability of diagnostic facilities and adjuvant therapies in hospitals performing breast cancer surgery in SSA. We performed a secondary analysis of GlobalSurg3 study data collected in the SSA region. A total of 47 hospitals from 15 SSA countries and 43 cities were included between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019.
One-third of hospitals covered a population greater than two million (n=17; 36.2%). Ultrasound was available in all hospitals; however, it was not consistently functional in 11 hospitals (23.4%). Only half of theparticipating hospitals (n=26, 55.3%) had access to a full-time pathologist, while the multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach was not found in 42.4% of hospitals. Equipment for radiotherapy was only available in nine hospitals (19.1%). Only half of the hospitals (n=25, 53.1%) had chemotherapy drugs available on site. In nine hospitals (19.1%), patients had to travel more than 50 kilometers to access chemotherapy drugs. In conclusion, the outcome of breast cancer patients in SSA cannot be improved without significant investments in pathology, surgical and oncological treatment pathways to provide timely diagnostic and effective treatment.
Impact of weaning procedures on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) circulation in the nursery section
Authors: Heiselberg Pia R. , Kristensen Charlotte Sonne , Kvisgaard Lise Kirstine , Larsen Lars Erik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The impact of different weaning strategies on the downstream circulation of PRRSV has not been widely described. It is, however, believed that mixing pigs of different age groups is increasing the risk of PRRSV circulation in the nursery section. In this study, pigs were sampled in three herds that performed “mixed at weaning (MIX)” and three herds that performed “all in/all out at weaning (AIAO)”. MIX included holding underweighted piglets back in containers for two weeks and then move them to nursery facilities with newly weaned piglets from subsequent batches. Oral fluid samples were collected from four batches of pigs in each herd, three times from weaning until 30kg for each batch, and tested for PRRSV and PRRSV antibodies. Herds that performed MIX at weaning had an eightfold increase in risk of detecting PRRSV in oral fluids compared to herds with AIAO. In total, 41 oral fluid samples from eight batches in MIX herds and five oral fluid samples from two batches in AIAO herds tested positive for PRRSV. The titer of PRRSV-antibodies in oral fluid samples from weaners decreased in most of the batches in the AIAO herds and increased in most MIX herds. In addition to oral fluids, tongue tip samples were collected from dead pigs and tested for PRRSV. In 17 of 23 batches the results of the tongue tip samples correlated with the results of the oral fluid samples (κ = 0.44) indicating a good agreement between the two materials for sampling. Overall, the results of the study confirmed that the weaning strategy had a significant impact on the circulation of PRRSV post weaning.
Bacterial single cell RNA-seq unveils cyclic-di-GMP controlled toxin activity critical for drug tolerance in chronic infections
Authors: Pu Yingying , Liao Hebin , Yan Xiaodan , Wang Chenyi , Huang Chun , Zhang Wei , Xiao Leyi , Guo Chunming , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Biofilms are heterogeneous bacterial communities featured by a high persister prevalence, responsible for antibiotic tolerance and chronic infections. However, the mechanisms underlying persister formation within biofilms remained unclear. Here, by developing and utilizing a ribosomal RNA depleted bacterial single-cell RNA-seq method, RiboD-PETRI, we resolved biofilm heterogeneity and discovered pdeI as a distinctive marker for persister subpopulation. Remarkably, we elucidated that PdeI upregulates cellular levels of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP), which controls both the expression and toxicity of HipH (YjjJ). Specifically, HipH localizes on nucleoid and functions as a potent deoxyribonuclease, inducing cells into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. c-di-GMP counteracts the genotoxic impact of HipH through a physical interaction, thereby facilitating the transition of cells into a persister state that concurrently fosters drug tolerance. Moreover, by targeting this toxin-antitoxin system, we inhibited drug tolerance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections, offering promising therapeutic strategies against chronic and relapsing infections.
Investigation and Prevention of Intraosseous Temperature Rise in Guided Implant Surgery: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Uçkun Gözde Gökçe , Saygılı Sina , Arınkan Berk , Erdem Mehmet Ali , Çankaya Abdulkadir Burak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In this study; the temperature changes in the implant preparation sites using a surgical guide and using the traditional method on sheep iliac crest bones imitating D3 density in in-vitro conditions were compared. In addition, the effects of the temperature of the solution used while cooling with the irrigation solution during the preparation of the implant site and the effects of performing osteotomy at low speed without cooling on the temperature formed in the bone were also evaluated in the study.
Methods
A surgical guide was prepared using stereolithographic technology. Temperature changes were measured using a K-type thermocouple. On 40 sheep iliac bone specimen; using a surgical guide, four implant sites with dimensions of 2.9 mm x 8.5 mm, 2.9 mm x 13 mm, 3.8 mm x 8.5 mm, 3.8 mm x 13 mm were prapared as experimental groups; and a 3.5 mm x 10 mm implant site was prepared as a control group with the traditional method.
Results
A statistically significant rise was observed in the temperature as the bur diameter increased in all groups. Temperature rise in the implant sites prepared using surgical guide at high speed under irrigation was statistically significantly higher than the traditional method. The temperature rise in the group irrigated with solution cooled to 10°C was found to be significantly lower than in the group irrigated with solution at 24°C and in the group in which the implant sites were prepared at low speed without cooling.
Conclusions
The use of a surgical guide causes an increase in intraosseous temperature by preventing the coolant from reaching the surgical area but the intraosseous temperature can be kept within safe limits with external irrigation, which is applied effectively in accordance with the patient-specific conditions.
Chemokine-derived oncolytic peptide induces immunogenic cancer cell death and significantly suppresses tumor growth
Authors: Furukawa Natsuki , Yang Wendy , Chao Alex , Patil Akash , Mirando Adam , Pandey Niranjan , Popel Aleksander 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chemokinostatin-1 (CKS1) is a 24-mer peptide originally discovered as an anti-angiogenic peptide derived from the CXCL1 chemokine. Here, we demonstrate that CKS1 acts not only as an anti-angiogenic peptide but also as an oncolytic peptide due to its structural and physical properties. CKS1 induced both necrotic and apoptotic cell death specifically in cancer cells while showing minimal toxicity in non-cancerous cells. Mechanistically, CKS1 disrupted the cell membrane of cancer cells quickly after treatment and activated the apoptotic pathway at later time points. Furthermore, immunogenic molecules were released from CKS1 treated cells, indicating that CKS1 induces immunogenic cell death. CKS1 effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CKS1 is a unique peptide that functions both as an anti-angiogenic peptide and as an oncolytic peptide and has a therapeutic potential to treat cancer.
Axial de-scanning using remote focusing in the detection arm of light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Chakraborty Tonmoy , DIBAJI HASSAN , SHOTORBAN Ali KAZEMI NASABAN , HABIBI MAHSA , GRATTAN RACHEL , LUCERO SHAYNA , SCHODT DAVID , Lidke Keith A. , PETRUCCELLI JONATHAN , LIDKE DIANE , LIU SHENG 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The ability to image at high speeds is necessary in biological imaging to capture fast-moving or transient events or to efficiently image large samples. However, due to the lack of rigidity of biological specimens, carrying out fast, high-resolution volumetric imaging without moving and agitating the sample has been a challenging problem. Pupil-matched remote focusing has been promising for high NA imaging systems with their low aberrations and wavelength independence, making it suitable for multicolor imaging. However, owing to the incoherent and unpolarized nature of the fluorescence signal, manipulating this emission light through remote focusing is challenging. Therefore, remote focusing has been primarily limited to the illumination arm, using polarized laser light for facilitating coupling in and out of the remote focusing optics. Here we introduce a novel optical design that can de-scan the axial focus movement in the detection arm of a microscope. Our method splits the fluorescence signal into S and P-polarized light and lets them pass through the remote focusing module separately and combines them with the camera. This allows us to use only one focusing element to perform aberration-free, multi-color, volumetric imaging without (a) compromising the fluorescent signal and (b) needing to perform sample/detection-objective translation. We demonstrate the capabilities of this scheme by acquiring fast dual-color 4D (3D space + time) image stacks, with an axial range of 70 μm and camera limited acquisition speed. Owing to its general nature, we believe this technique will find its application to many other microscopy techniques that currently use an adjustable Z-stage to carry out volumetric imaging such as confocal, 2-photon, and light sheet variants.
Microbial Signatures in COVID-19: Distinguishing Mild and Severe Disease via Gut Microbiota
Authors: Galeeva Julia S. , Fedorov Dmitry E. , Starikova Elizaveta V. , Manolov Alexander I. , Pavlenko Alexander V. , Selezneva Oksana V. , Klimina Ksenia M. , Veselovsky Vladimir A. , Morozov Maxim D. , Yanushevich Oleg O. , Krikheli Natella I. , Levchenko Oleg V. , Andreev Dmitry N. , Sokolov Filipp S. , Fomenko Aleksey K. , Devkota Mikhail K. , Andreev Nikolai G. , Zaborovsky Andrey V. , Bely Petr A. , Tsaregorodtsev Sergei V. , Evdokimov Vladimir V. , Maev Igor V. , Govorun Vadim M. , Ilina Elena N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The global healthcare landscape has changed dramatically as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. In addition to focusing on treatments and vaccines, it is crucial to investigate the effects of the virus on infected individuals. Recent studies have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the gut, affecting the gut microbiota and revealing a new aspect of the virus. This study examined the differences in gut microbiota composition between COVID-19 patients with severe and mild conditions.
Methods
In this study, we utilized 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to examine the fecal samples obtained from 49 patients with mild and 43 patients with severe cases of COVID-19 upon their admission to the hospital.
Results
Differential abundance analysis with respect to comorbidities on the 313 most abundant ASVs suggested an association of Enterococcus faecium, Rothia mucilaginosa, Akkermansia muciniphila, Schaalia odontolytica, Eubacterium limosum, and Slackia isoflavoniconvertens species with a severe condition, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcoides bili, Turicibacter sanguinis, Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides stercoris, Lachnospiraceae bacterium sunii NSJ-8, Blautia faecis, and Anaerostipes hadrus with a milder course of the disease. Network analysis using SPIEC-EASI revealed keystone taxa and structural differences between the mild and severe groups, suggesting an increased level of bacterial connectivity disruption within the severe group.
Conclusion
Our study highlights the diverse impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the gut microbiome among both mild and severe COVID-19 patients, showcasing a spectrum of microbial responses to the virus. Importantly, these findings align, to some extent, with observations from other studies on COVID-19 gut microbiomes, despite variations in methodologies.