bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How growth without siblings affects adult brain and behavior
Authors: Yu Chunshui , Tang Jie , Zhang Jing , Li Wei , Wang Meiyun , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Bing , Zhu Wenzhen , Qiu Shijun , Cui Guangbin , Yu Yongqiang , Liao Weihua , Zhang Hui , Gao Bo , Xu Xiaojun , Yang Yunjun , Han Tong , Yao Zhenwei , Zhang Quan , Qin Wen , Liu Feng , Liang Meng , Wang Sijia , Xu Qiang , Xu Jiayuan , Fu Jilian , Ji Yuan , Liu Nana , Zhang Peng , Shi Dapeng , Wang Caihong , Lui Su , Yan Zhihan , Chen Feng , Shen Wen , Miao Yanwei , Wang Dawei , Xian Junfang , Zhang Xiaochu , Xu Kai , Zuo Xi-Nian , Zhang Long Jiang , Ye Zhaoxiang , Geng Zuojun , Gao Jia-Hong , Consortium The CHIMGEN 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the worldwide increase of only-child families, it is crucial to understand the influence of growth without siblings (GWS) on human health, but there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of GWS on human brain. Besides, existing studies have reported paradoxical associations between GWS and mental health, most likely due to mismatched confounders and overlooked growth environments. Here, using 2,305 pairs of individuals with and without siblings well matched in confounders, we comprehensively examined the impact of GWS on changes in adult brain structure, function, and behaviors, as well as pathways from GWS, growth environments to brain and behaviors. Our findings uncovered novel associations, including GWS being linked to higher language-fiber integrity, lower motor-fiber integrity, larger regional cerebellum volume, and lower frontotemporal spontaneous brain activity. Contrary to stereotypical associations between GWS and problem behaviors, we found positive correlations of GWS with neurocognition and mental health. Despite direct effects, GWS affects most adult brain and behavioral outcomes through modifiable environments, such as socioeconomic status, maternal care, and family support, suggesting targets for interventions to enhance children’s healthy growth.
Succession from acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic microbial community during sewage sludge anaerobic digestion for bioenergy production
Authors: rocha Mariana Erthal , Mangiavacchi Norberto , Marques Marcia , Teixeira Lia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

To evaluate microbial profiling during the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge (SWS) from a municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), a Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) assay operating at 37°C mono-digestion was performed. The results from 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, utilizing the Illumina MiSeq platform, revealed a core bacterial community in the solid material, dominated by variations in the profiles. The relative abundance in the SWS (before AD) was as following: Proteobacteria > Bacteroidota > Actinobacteriota. After AD, the relative abundance shifted to Firmicutes > Synergistota > Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Sporanaerobacter and Clostridium were dominant. The methanogenic community presented a shift in metabolic pathway from acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic in the lab-scale reactors. The dominance of methanogenic groups at the genus level was represented by Methanosaeta > Methanolinea > Methanofastidiosum. After AD, the dominance shifted to Methanobacterium > Methanosaeta > Methanospirillum. This shift in the metabolic pathway could be related to the increase in Firmicutes, especially the population of Clostridia, which contains acetate-oxidizing bacteria that convert acetate to hydrogen.
The Role of Policy and Module Manufacturing Learning in Industrial Decarbonization by Small Modular Reactors
Authors: Vanatta Max , Stewart William , Craig Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Small nuclear modular reactors (SMRs) offer a unique solution to the challenge of decarbonizing mid- and high-temperature industrial processes. We develop deployment pathways for four SMR designs serving industrial heat processes at 925 facilities across the United States under diverse policy and factory and onsite learning conditions. We find that widespread SMR deployment in industry requires natural gas prices above $6/MMBtu or aggressive carbon taxes. At natural gas prices of $6 to $10/MMBtu, 5 to 51 GWt of SMRs could be economically deployed by 2050, reducing annual emissions by up to 59 million mt CO2e. Large, lower temperature SMRs are deployed at lower natural gas prices, while microreactors and higher temperature designs become dominant at higher prices. Policy levers like subsidies are not effective at incentivizing sustainable deployment, but aggressive carbon taxes and investment tax credits provide effective support for SMR success. Large-scale SMR deployment hinges on factory, not onsite, learning.
Laboratory realization of relativistic pair-plasma beams
Authors: Arrowsmith Charles , Simon Pascal , Bilbao Pablo , Bott Archie , Burger Stephane , Chen Hui , Cruz Filipe , Davenne Tristan , Efthymiopoulos Ilias , Froula Dustin , Goillot Alice Marie , Gudmundsson Jon Tomas , Haberberger Dan , Halliday Jonathan , Hodge Tom , Huffman Brian , Iaquinta Sam , Miniati Francesco , Reville Brian , Sarkar Subir , Schekochihin Alexander , Silva Luis , Simpson  , Stergiou Vasiliki , Trines Raoul , Vieu Thibault , Charitonidis Nikolaos , Bingham Robert , Gregori Gianluca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Relativistic electron-positron (e±)plasmas are ubiquitous in extreme astrophysical environments such as black holes and neutron star magnetospheres, where accretion-powered jets and pulsar winds are expected to be enriched with such pair plasmas. Their behaviour is quite different from typical electron-ion plasmas due to the matter-antimatter symmetry of the charged components and their role in the dynamics of such compact objects is believed to be fundamental. So far, our experimental inability to produce large yields of positrons in quasi-neutral beams has restricted the understanding of electron-positron pair plasmas to simple numerical and analytical studies which are rather limited. We present first experimental results confirming the generation of high-density, quasi-neutral, relativistic electron-positron pair beams using the 440 GeV/c beam at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. The produced pair beams have a volume that fills multiple Debye spheres and are thus able to sustain collective plasma oscillations. Our work opens up the possibility of directly probing the microphysics of pair plasmas beyond quasi-linear evolution into regimes that are challenging to simulate or measure via astronomical observations.
Kdm4a is an activity downregulated barrier to generate new engram for memory separation
Authors: Guan Ji-Song , Guo Xiuxian , Hong Pengfei , Xiong Songhai , Yan Yuze , Xie Hong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Memory engrams are a subset of learning activated neurons critical for memory recall, consolidation, extinction and separation. While the transcriptional profile of engrams after learning suggests profound neural changes underlying plasticity and memory formation, little is known about how memory engrams are selected and allocated. As epigenetic factors suppress memory formation, we developed a CRISPR screening in the hippocampus to search for factors controlling engram formation. We identified histone lysine-specific demethylase 4a (Kdm4a) as a novel regulator for engram formation. Kdm4a is downregulated after neural activation and controls the volume of mossy fiber boutons. Mechanistically, Kdm4a anchors to the exonic region of Trpm7 gene loci, causing the stalling of nascent RNAs and allowing burst transcription of Trpm7 upon the dismissal of Kdm4a. Furthermore, the YTH domain containing protein 2 (Ythdc2) recruits Kdm4a to the Trpm7 gene and stabilizes nascent RNAs. Reducing the expression of Kdm4a in the hippocampus via genetic manipulation or artificial neural activation facilitated the ability of pattern separation in rodents. Our work indicates that Kdm4a is a negative regulator of engram formation and suggests a priming state to generate a separate memory.
Structures of the essential efflux pump EfpA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal the mechanisms of substrate transport and small-molecule inhibition
Authors: Wang Shuhui , Wang Kun , Song Kangkang , Li Pengfei , Li Dongying , Sun Yajie , Mei Ye , Xu Chen , Liao Maofu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

As the first identified multidrug efflux pump in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), EfpA is an essential protein and promising drug target. However, the functional and inhibitory mechanisms of EfpA are poorly understood. Herein we report cryo-EM structures of EfpA in outward-open conformation, either bound to three endogenous lipids or the inhibitor BRD-8000.3. Three lipids inside EfpA span from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the membrane. BRD-8000.3 occupies one lipid site at the level of inner membrane leaflet, competitively inhibiting lipid binding. EfpA resembles the related lysophospholipid transporter MFSD2A in both overall structure and lipid binding sites, and may function as a lipid flippase. Combining AlphaFold-predicted EfpA structure, which is inward-open, we propose a complete conformational transition cycle for EfpA. Together, our results provide a structural and mechanistic foundation to comprehend EfpA function and develop EfpA-targeting anti-TB drugs.
Effect of the social environment on olfaction and social skills in WT and a mouse model of autism
Authors: Pellissier Lucie , Gora Caroline , Dudas Ana , Court Lucas , Annamneedi Anil , Lefort Gaëlle , Nakahara Thiago , Azzopardi Nicolas , Acquistapace Adrien , Laine Anne-Lyse , Trouillet Anne-Charlotte , Drobecq Lucile , Pecnard Emmanuel , Piégu Benoît , Crepieux Pascale , Chamero Pablo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex, polygenic and heterogenous neurodevelopmental conditions, imposing a substantial economic burden. ASD genetics is influenced by the environment, specifically the social experience during the critical neurodevelopmental period. Despite the efficacy of early behavioral interventions targeting specific behaviors in some autistic children, there is currently no sustainable treatment for the two core symptoms: deficits in social interaction and communication, and stereotyped or restrained behaviors or interests. In this study, we investigated the impact of the social environment on both wild-type and Shank3 knockout mice, a mouse model that reproduces core autism-like symptoms. Our findings revealed that wild-type mice raised in an enriched social environment maintained social interest towards new conspecifics across multiple trials. Additionally, we observed that 2 hours of social isolation induced social deficits, while chronic social isolation enhanced social interaction and olfactory neuron responses in wild-type animals. Notably, chronic social isolation restored both social novelty and olfactory deficits and normalized self-grooming behavior in Shank3 knockout mice. These results provide novel insights for the implementation of behavioral interventions and inclusive classroom programs for children with ASD.
Maintenance hemodialysis exacerbate aluminum and arsenic toxicity in chronic kidney disease patients Running title: Aluminum and Arsenic toxicity in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Absalan Abdorrahim , Momeni Hamid , Salehi Ashraf , Karimi Mohsen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is the most effective interventional therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to investigate the serum levels of aluminum (Al) and arsenic (As) in CKD patients.
Methods
A total of 29 CKD patients receiving MHD were surveyed for selected biochemical, and dialysis quality indices. Serum Al and As levels were measured before and after MHD. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney, Kaplan-Meier, Pearson, or Spearman's rho correlations.
Results
All patients (n = 29; 100%) had detectable levels of arsenicosis (cut-off = 1µg/L) both before hemodialysis (BFH) (mean ± SD = 7.58 ± 1.99µg/L) and after hemodialysis (AFH) (mean ± SD = 8.61 ± 1.82µg/L). Al toxicity was detected (cut-off = 10µg/L) in 24 (82.8%) individuals BFH (mean ± SD = 25.6 ± 15.61µg/L) and in 28 (96.6%) patients AFH (mean ± SD = 30.08 ± 15.18µg/L). The mean age of the patients was 60.41 ± 15.30 years (11 females and 18 males). Al BFH was positively correlated with its AFH level (R = 0.765; p = 0.000), but this was not true for As (R = 0.296; p = 0.167). Serum phosphate was negatively correlated with Al BFH (R=-0.547; p = 0.008). MHD was not efficient in eliminating Al and As from blood circulation when we compared their concentrations in inlet and outlet dialysis apparatus samples.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that CKD patients undergoing MHD are at risk for overt Al and As toxicity, which highlights the importance of regularly monitoring toxic elements in these patients. Treatment with chelators and redefinition of cut-off points for Al and As blood levels in hemodialysis patients may be necessary.
Microfluidic QCM enables ultrahigh Q-factor: a new paradigm for in-liquid gravimetric sensing
Authors: Zauscher Stefan , ZHAO YICHENG , Parlak Zehra , Yu Wenjun , French Daniel , Aquino Wilkins 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Acoustic gravimetric biosensors attract attention due to their simplicity, robustness, and low cost. However, a prevailing challenge in these sensors is dissipation which manifests in a low quality factor (Q-factor), which limits their sensitivity and accuracy. To mitigate dissipation of acoustic sensors in liquid environments we introduce an innovative approach in which we combine microfluidic channels with gravimetric sensors. To implement this novel paradigm we chose the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as our model system, owing to its wide applicability in biosensing and the relevance of its operating principles to other types of acoustic sensors. We postulate that the crucial determinant for enhancing performance lies in the ratio between the wavelength of the pressure wave generated by the oscillating channel side walls (driven by the QCM), and the width of the microfluidic channels. Our hypothesis is supported by finite element analysis (FEA) and dimensional studies, which revealed two key factors that affect device performance: 1) the ratio of the pressure wavelength to the channel width (𝜆𝑝/𝑊) and 2) the ratio of the shear evanescent wavelength to the channel height (𝜆𝑠/𝐻). To validate our hypothesis, we fabricated a microfluidic QCM (μ-QCM) and demonstrate a remarkable 10-fold improvement in its dissipation when compared to conventional QCM. The novel microfluidic approach offers several additional advantages, such as direct data interpretation, reduced volume requirement for sample liquids, and simplified temperature control, augmenting the sensor's overall performance. By fostering increased sensitivity, accuracy, and ease of operation, our novel paradigm unlocks new possibilities for advancing gravimetric biosensing technologies.
Firefighters and police search dog handlers’ experiences working closely with paramedics in urban search and rescue incidents – a qualitative focus group study from Oslo
Authors: Westnes Erik , Hjortdahl Magnus 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background In Norway, rescue operations are defined as situations where patients are difficult to access or that more resources are needed than the health services alone possess and can put in operation (1). Although rescue operations after large incidents may include civil protection, military forces, non-governmental organizations and other resources, the initial rescue effort must be performed by the emergency services as time often is of essence. The central area of an accident where special training and personal protection equipment is necessary or mandatory is the Hot Zone. This study examines Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) firefighters and police officers reported experience of ambulance personnel’s contribution in the Hot Zone.Methods We conducted five focus group interviews with USAR-trained firefighters and police officers. The interviewees were those on duty on the agreed dates. The interviews were taped, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis as described by Braun & Clarke.Results Three themes were identified; Feeling safe during missions, Building USAR capacity, and Trust-building within USAR-teams. The firefighters and police officers reported their and the patients’ safety are best managed by EMS-personnel, whose presence strongly contributes to their own feeling of safety in a dangerous area. When EMS handles victims and injured emergency workers, firefighters and police officers can focus on their own primary tasks. Indeed, interviewees reported that building a USAR capacity depends on having USAR-trained EMS-personnel in the Hot Zone. The interviewees have clear and consistent opinions on how to establish an interagency USAR capacity effectively. Trust is paramount to the interviewees, and they express a high degree of trust within USAR Oslo.Conclusions Firefighters and police officers regard USAR-trained EMS-personnel as a natural and integrated part in urban search and rescue teams. EMS-personnel in the dangerous area deliver safety and medical professional assistance to both rescue workers and patients. Informants in this study had clear opinions on how to establish and maintain such a service.
Artificial Intelligence to derive aligned strain in cine CMR to detect patients with myocardial fibrosis: an open and scrutinizable approach
Authors: Koehler Sven , Kuhm Julian , Huffaker Tyler , Young Daniel , Tandon Animesh , Andre Florian , Frey Norbert , Greil Gerald , Hussain Tarique , Engelhardt Sandy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cine Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for cardiac function evaluation, incorporating ejection fraction (EF) and strain as vital indicators of abnormal deformation. Rare pathologies like Duchenne muscular dystrophies (DMD) are monitored with repeated late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) CMR for identification of myocardial fibrosis. However, it is judicious to reduce repeated gadolinium exposure and rather employ strain analysis from cine CMR. This solution is limited so far since full strain curves are not comparable between individual cardiac cycles and current practice mainly neglects diastolic deformation patterns. Our novel Deep Learning-based approach derives strain values aligned by key frames throughout the cardiac cycle. In a reproducibility scenario (57+82 patients), our results reveal five times more significant differences (22 vs. 4) between patients with scar and without, enhancing scar detection by +30%, improving detection of patients with preserved EF by +61%, with an overall sensitivity/specificity of 82/81%.
Mixed messages? Information about cardiovascular health and alcohol use: a cross-sectional study of patients in cardiology care
Authors: Welfordsson Paul , Danielsson Anna-Karin , Björck Caroline , Grzymala-Lubanski Bartosz , Lidin Matthias , Löfman Ida Haugen , Finn Sara Wallhed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Hazardous alcohol use is a leading risk factor for disability and death, yet observational studies have also reported reduced cardiovascular disease mortality among regular, low-level drinkers. Such findings are refuted by more recent research, yet have received significant media coverage. We aimed to explore: 1) how patients with cardiovascular diseases access health information about moderate drinking and cardiovascular health; 2) the perceived messages these sources convey, and 3) associations with own level of alcohol use.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients in cardiology services at three hospitals in Sweden. The study outcome was hazardous alcohol use, assessed using the AUDIT-C questionnaire and defined as ≥ 3 in women and ≥ 4 in men. The exposure was accessing information sources suggesting that moderate alcohol consumption can be good for the heart, as opposed to accessing information that alcohol is bad for the heart. Health information sources were described using descriptive statistics. Gender, age and education were adjusted for in multiple logistic regression analyses.
Results
From 1230 eligible patients, 83% responded to relevant survey questions. Of these, 48.6% had heard that drinking moderately can affect the heart (mean age 70.5 years, 65% males). A total of 330 (62.3%) patients who had heard that drinking moderately can affect the heart described being exposed to reports that moderate alcohol use can be good for the heart, and 108 (21.7%) met criteria for hazardous alcohol use. Health information sources included newspapers (32.9%), television (29.2%), healthcare staff (13.4%), friends/family (11.8%), social media (8.9%) and websites (3.7%). Participants indicated that most reports (77.9%) conveyed mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of moderate drinking. Exposure to reports of healthy heart effects was associated with increased odds of hazardous alcohol use (OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.02–2.74).
Conclusions
This study suggests that many patients in cardiology care access health information about alcohol from media sources, which convey mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of alcohol. Exposure to reports suggesting that moderate drinking has protective cardiovascular effects was associated with increased odds of hazardous alcohol use. Findings highlight a need for clear and consistent messages about the health effects of alcohol.
Does a novel 3D printed individualized guiding template based on cutaneous fiducial markers contribute to accurate percutaneous insertion of pelvic screws? A preliminary phantom and cadaver study
Authors: Tao Xingguang , Lyu Fei , Sugand Kapil , Zhou Kaihua , Wang Huixiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Most 3D-printed guiding templates require dissection of soft tissues to match the corresponding surfaces of the guiding templates. This study sought to explore the accuracy and acceptability of the novel 3D printed individualized guiding templates based on cutaneous fiducial markers in minimally invasive screw placement for pelvic fractures.
Methods
The printed template was tested on five high-fidelity biomimetic phantom models of the bony pelvis and its surrounding soft tissues as well as on two fresh frozen cadavers. Four cutaneous fiducial markers were transfixed on each phantom model prior to performing CT scans to reconstruct their 3D models. Personalized templates for guiding screw insertion were designed based on the positions of the fiducial markers and virtually planned target screw channels after scanning, followed by 3D printing of the guide. Phase 1 consisted of five expert surgeons inserting one anterograde supra-pubic screw and one sacroiliac screw percutaneously into each phantom model using the 3D-printed guide. The deviation of screw positions between the pre-operative planned and post-operative actual ones was measured after registering their 3D modelling. A Likert scale questionnaire was completed by the expert surgeons to assess their satisfaction and acceptability with the guiding template. Phase 2 consisted of repeating the same procedures on the fresh frozen cadavers in order to demonstrate face, content and concurrent validity.
Results
In Phase 1, all ten screws were successfully implanted with the assistance of the guiding template. Postoperative CT scans confirmed that all screws were safely positioned within the bony pelvic channels without breaching the far cortex. The mean longitudinal deviation at the bony entry point and screw tip between the pre-operative planned and post-operative actual screw paths were 2.83 ± 0.60 mm and 3.12 ± 0.81 mm respectively, with a mean angular deviation of 1.25 ± 0.41°. Results from the Likert questionnaire indicated a high level of satisfaction for using the guiding template among surgeons. In Phase 2, results were similar to those in Phase 1.
Conclusions
The 3D-printed guiding template based on cutaneous fiducial markers shows potential for assisting in the accurate insertion of percutaneous screws in the pelvis.