bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and guidance cues for regenerating axons: Where have they gone?
Authors: Koeberle Paulo D. , Bähr Mathias 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBoth attractive and repellent cues are required to guide developing axons to their targets in the central nervous system. Critical guidance molecules in the developing brain include the semaphorins, netrins, slits, and ephrins. Current research indicates that many of these molecules and their receptors are expressed in the adult central nervous system (CNS), and that injury can alter the levels of these ligands/receptors. Recent studies have begun the process of elucidating the functions of these receptors in adult mammals, and the effects that they have on the regeneration of adult neurons. This review addresses our current knowledge with respect to the response of adult CNS neurons to axonal injury, interventions for enhancing the survival and regeneration of injured neurons, and the expression of developmental axon guidance cues in the injured mature CNS, with specific focus on the retino‐tectal projection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 162–180, 2004
Of lasers, mutants, and see‐through brains: Functional neuroanatomy in zebrafish
Authors: Gahtan Ethan , Baier Herwig 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBehavioral functions are carried out by localized circuits in the brain. Although this modular principle is clearly established, the boundaries of modules, and sometimes even their existence, are still debated. Zebrafish might offer distinct advantages in localizing behaviors to discrete brain regions because of the ability to visualize, record from, and lesion precisely identified populations of neurons in the brain. In addition, genetic screens in zebrafish enable the isolation of mutations that disrupt neural pathways and/or behaviors, as an alternative lesioning technique with complementary strengths to laser ablations. For example, the Mauthner cell, a large identified neuron in the hindbrain, has been postulated to be both necessary and sufficient for the execution of escapes. We discuss in this review how experiments, using laser ablations, calcium imaging, and mutants have eroded this notion. Even in a simple behavior, such as escape, many parallel pathways appear to be involved with no single one being absolutely necessary. Lesion studies and the analysis of behavioral mutants are now also beginning to elucidate the functional architecture of the zebrafish visual system. Although still in an embryonic stage, the neuroanatomy of behaviors in zebrafish has a bright future. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 147–161, 2004
The fully Sinc‐Galerkin method for time‐dependent boundary conditions
Authors: Koonprasert Sanoe , Bowers Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe fully Sinc‐Galerkin method is developed for a family of complex‐valued partial differential equations with time‐dependent boundary conditions. The Sinc‐Galerkin discrete system is formulated and represented by a Kronecker product form of those equations. The numerical solution is efficiently calculated and the method exhibits an exponential convergence rate. Several examples, some with a real‐valued solution and some with a complex‐valued solution, are used to demonstrate the performance of this method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004
On the numerical approach of the enthalpy method for the Stefan problem
Authors: Omrani Khaled 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this article an error bound is derived for a piecewise linear finite element approximation of an enthalpy formulation of the Stefan problem; we have analyzed a semidiscrete Galerkin approximation and completely discrete scheme based on the backward Euler method and a linearized scheme is given and its convergence is also proved. A second‐order error estimates are derived for the Crank‐Nicolson Galerkin method. In the second part, a new class of finite difference schemes is proposed. Our approach is to introduce a new variable and transform the given equation into an equivalent system of equations. Then, we prove that the difference scheme is second order convergent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004
Exercise echocardiography reflects cumulative anthracycline exposure during childhood
Authors: Smibert Elizabeth , Carlin John B. , Vidmar Suzanna , Wilkinson Lynette C. , Newton Melissa , Weintraub Robert G. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundLow and moderate dose anthracycline therapy used in current treatment protocols, may be associated with subclinical abnormalities of cardiac function and late presentation with congestive heart failure. Exercise echocardiography is a useful and non‐invasive means of uncovering latent cardiac dysfunction in other settings. The purpose of this study is to determine whether exercise echocardiography has the potential to detect subclinical abnormalities of cardiac function in children treated with anthracyclines.ProcedureOne hundred ten children previously treated with anthracycline, in remission and off treatment for >12 months were assessed, together with 31 control subjects. Each subject had a resting ECG and echocardiogram performed, and following exercise on a treadmill according to the Bruce protocol, a repeat echocardiogram was performed.ResultsCumulative anthracycline dose was the only patient variable related to any of the outcome measures. Resting fractional shortening was normal in the majority of treated patients but was inversely related to cumulative anthracycline dose (rate of decline 1.2%/100 mg/m2). Following peak exercise, the inverse relationship between fractional shortening and anthracycline dose was more pronounced (rate 2.7%/100 mg/m2).ConclusionsHigher anthracycline doses are associated with a greater difference in peak fractional shortening between treated subjects and controls. Exercise echocardiography is a simple, relatively inexpensive tool that may enhance the detection of latent cardiac dysfunction after anthracycline administration during childhood. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Addressing the shortage of school psychologists: Introduction
Authors: McIntosh David E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the special issue of Psychology in the Schools that addresses the shortage of school psychologists. A historical perspective is provided that sets the stage for exploring the current and future issues related to the shortage. Projections regarding the specific number of openings, where the shortages may occur, and implications for the future practice of school psychology also are provided. The issues surrounding respecialization are explored. Specific articles in the special issue addressing the disproportionately low number of minorities, the shortage of academic school psychologists, and the need for increasing the Board Certified School Psychologists also are discussed. Generally, all of the authors focus on the continued need to provide quality mental health services to children within the school setting while addressing growing personnel shortages in the coming years. School psychology as a profession must act quickly if it is to continue to provide high‐quality mental health services within the school setting. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 411–413, 2004.
The status of school psychology: Implications of a major personnel shortage
Authors: Curtis Michael J. , Hunley Sawyer A. , Grier Elizabeth Chesno 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe findings of earlier studies are reviewed and results of analyses of recent data are reported in presenting an overview of the current and possible future status of school psychology in the United States. Recognizing that legislation could have major, but as yet unclear, implications for the field, projections suggest that school psychology is likely to face a severe personnel shortage over the next 10 years. Projections also indicate that serious, although less severe, shortages are likely to continue through at least 2020. Shortages are predicted to vary markedly by geographical region of the country and type of school setting. Potential implications of the shortage are examined for the public schools. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 431–442, 2004.
Academic school psychologists: Addressing the shortage
Authors: Little Steven G. , Akin‐Little K. Angeleque 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe following article attempts to address the current shortage in school psychology faculty. Although little empirical evidence exists, the authors conclude that such a shortage exists. Possible explanations for the shortage and barriers to overcoming it are discussed. Preliminary data from a survey, which attempted to identify programs with a consistent track record in preparing students who enter academia, are presented. The article concludes with an examination of suggestions for improving the current situation. These suggestions are culled from two directors of successful school psychology programs and the authors' own experiences as trainers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 451–459, 2004.
An APA‐informed perspective on the shortage of school psychologists: Welcome licensed psychologists into the schools (and did we mention xeriscape gardening together?)
Authors: Tharinger Deborah J. , Palomares Ronald S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe authors were asked to respond to the shortage of school psychologists from the perspective of the Division of School Psychology of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Association (APA), and also chose to address the larger issue of the shortage and lack of accessibility of mental health services for children in the schools. We have recommended that licensed psychologists who want to provide psychological services in the schools have two options: (a) obtain the school psychology credential required by their state and work under the title of School Psychologist, and/or (b) obtain school practice competence and seek and create opportunities to practice psychology in the schools under their license as licensed psychologists. The joint document being developed in collaboration between the Division of School Psychology of the APA and the National Association of School Psychologists is one major step forward in addressing these recommendations. Further work is needed to delineate principles of “school practice competency.” We further foresee that by promoting and adopting a xeriscape model of schools, licensed psychologists and credentialed school psychologists can work together to expand the provision of educational, psychological, and mental health services in the schools to all children, guided by a model that stresses using scarce and precious resources wisely. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 461–472, 2004.
Study of two‐dimensional electron gas in AlN/GaN heterostructure by a self‐consistent method
Authors: Kong Y. C. , Zheng Y. D. , Zhou C. H. , Deng Y. Z. , Gu S. L. , Shen B. , Zhang R. , Jiang R. L. , Shi Y. , Han P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractProperties of a two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in an AlN/GaN heterostructure have been studied by solving the coupled Schrödinger and Poisson equations self‐consistently. The results show that the 2DEG concentration and sheet density are 2.54 × 1020 cm−3 and 4.24 × 1013 cm−2 in the AlN/GaN structure, which are much higher than the corresponding values of 3.77 × 1019 cm−3 and 1.04 × 1013 cm−2 in an Al0.2Ga0.8N/GaN structure due to the larger band offset and the stronger piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization effects. It is also shown that the electron distribution is narrower and the subband occupation of carriers is higher in the AlN/GaN structure than in the Al0.2Ga0.8N/GaN structure. These findings make the AlN/GaN structure very attractive for use in high‐power and high‐frequency operations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of nonlinear optical parameters of copper‐ and silver‐doped silica glasses at λ = 1064 nm
Authors: Ganeev R. A. , Ryasnyansky A. I. , Stepanov A. L. , Usmanov T. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractInvestigations of nonlinear optical characteristics (nonlinear refractive indices, nonlinear absorption coefficients and third‐order nonlinear susceptibilities) of copper and silver nanoparticles implanted in glasses are presented using picosecond Nd:YAG laser radiation (λ = 1064 nm) and the Z‐scan technique. The variations of the sign of the nonlinear refractive indices depending on matrix properties are analyzed. It is shown that the nonlinear absorption in copper‐doped glasses is due to the two‐photon effect. The optical limiting properties of these materials are discussed in the framework of two‐photon absorption. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Covalent bridges – an induced modification of the conduction band in layered crystals
Authors: Bercha D. M. , Kharkhalis L. Yu. , Sznajder M. , Glukhov K. E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA cross‐rearrangement of the conduction band of a layered crystal intercalated with dopant atoms which create covalent bridges is discussed. The dispersion laws (including analytical ones) of splitted subbands of the conduction band and the following rearrangement parameters have been found: characteristic concentration, width of the gap between subbands, and the energy value of the shift of the lower subband with respect to the initial position of the conduction band. The energy position of the resonant level versus parameters of the chosen model has been obtained and the conditions for this level to arise as well as its concentrational broadening were analysed. Changes of the anisotropy of the effective masses in extrema of the created subbands have been revealed. The results of investigations are in a good agreement with experimental data concerning layered In4Se3 crystals doped by copper. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear absorption of PbS nanocrystals in silicate glass
Authors: Dementjev A. , Gulbinas V. , Valkunas L. , Raaben H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractNonlinear transient absorption of glasses doped with PbS nanocrystals was investigated by means of picosecond pump–probe absorption spectroscopy. The entire lowest energy absorption band was bleached on glass excitation at any spectral position inside this band, indicating that homogeneous broadening determines the bandwidth. Three different induced absorption mechanisms taking place at different incident light intensities were distinguished: absorption to the two‐electron–hole pair states limits absorption bleaching to about 50% of the steady‐state value at moderate excitation intensity; short‐lived absorption from the two‐electron–hole pair states appears at higher intensity when these states are populated; and two‐photon absorption occurs at very high light intensities. The two‐photon absorption populates high‐energy exciton states which relax bypassing the lowest energy exciton state. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of the size distribution on the giant magnetoresistance in magnetic granular films
Authors: Wang Changzheng , Guo Zhenghong , Rong Yonghua , Hsu T. Y. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn the present paper, assuming that there is a size distribution described by the log‐normal function for the spherical granules in granular films, we take respectively the critical sizes D1(T) and D2(T) as phenomenological parameters at different temperatures distinguishing single‐domain ferromagnetic granules from superparamagnetic granules and from multi‐domain granules. Accordingly, magnetic granules can be divided into three categories: superparamagnetic, single‐domain ferromagnetic and multi‐domain ferromagnetic granules. In view of various contributions to the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, the three kinds of granules are separated into two categories: first ferromagnetic granules (F1, consisting of single‐domain ferromagnetic granules), which play a key role in the GMR effect; and second ferromagnetic granules (F2, including superparamagnetic and multi‐domain granules), which play a secondary role in the GMR effect. We combine the effective medium theory with the two‐channel conducting model to study the GMR effect of granular films in detail. As a result, our calculated results are qualitatively in agreement with experimental data, showing that the theoretical method is essentially applicable for magnetic granular composites. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical studies of the angular correlation of positron annihilation in Al1− xInxN
Authors: Bousahla Z. , Abbar B. , Bouhafs B. , Tadjer A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAngular correlation of positron annihilation radiation (ACPAR) along the (001)–(110) directions in Al1−xInxN are calculated. We observe that the momentum density distribution for different concentrations increases rapidly with increasing indium content. The computational technique used here is based on the independent particle model (IPM) coupled with the use of the electron pseudo‐wavefunction and the virtual crystal approximation (VCA), which incorporates compositional disorder as an effective potential. The variation of the positron lifetime in these alloys is also presented. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of doping on carriers of conducting polymers with degenerate ground states
Authors: Jiang F. , Li L. , George T. F. , Sun X. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractExisting theory in the literature states that, in conjugated polymers with degenerate ground states, the energy of a polaron is larger than that of a soliton but smaller than that of a soliton‐antisoliton pair. However, in real polymers, doping not only provides charge transfer but also affects hopping near a dopant. Our study shows that when the hopping effect is included, the energy of a s–$ \bar {s} $ pair can be lower than that of single polaron. This effect is able to account for the experimental results observed for polymers with low concentration doping. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anisotropic susceptibilities of thin ferromagnetic films within many‐body Green's function theory
Authors: Fröbrich P. , Kuntz P. J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTransverse and parallel static susceptibilities of in‐plane uniaxial anisotropic ferromagnetic films are calculated using a Heisenberg model within the framework of many‐body Green's function theory. The importance of collective magnetic excitations, in particular in the paramagnetic regime, is demonstrated by comparing with mean field calculations. The paper extends the work of Jensen et al. [1] on the monolayer with spin 1/2 to the multilayer case with arbitrary spin. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Suppression of superconductivity and normal state electrical transport in Y1−xPrxBaSrCu3O7−δ and Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ systems
Authors: Gupta Anurag , Sedky A. , Narlikar A. V. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe structure, normal state electrical transport and superconducting critical temperatures (Tc) of Y1−xPrxBaSrCu3O7−δ (i.e., Y(Pr)‐1113) and Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ (i.e., Y(Pr)‐123) systems, with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.00 and 6.93 ≤ 7 − δ ≤ 6.95, have been investigated. Residual resistivity (ρ0) and resistivity slope ((dρ/dT)cc) corresponding to the linear ρ‐T region are determined from the normal state resistivity measurements. It is found that an increase in ρ0 and (dρ/dT)cc correlates with a decrease and enhancement of Tc(x), respectively. Interestingly, in both the systems, the destruction of superconductivity seems to occur at the same value of x where (dρ/dT)cc tends to zero. The observed correlations suggest a possible mechanism of superconductivity in these systems, which is discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comment on ‘Moving screw dislocation in a piezoelectric bimaterial’ [phys. stat. sol. (b) 238, No. 1, 120–126 (2003)]
Authors: Liu Jin‐xi , Fang Dai‐ning 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe original article to which this Comment refers was published in phys. stat. sol. (b) 238, No.1, 120‐126 (2003)
.A reply to this comment is published in phys. stat. sol. (b) 241, No.4, 965 (2004).In this comment, it is pointed out that the explicit expressions of the stress and electric displacement derived by Wu et al. [phys. stat. sol. (b) 238, 120 (2003)] are incorrect. The reason for producing the erroneous results is discussed. According to Ting's work on anisotropic elastic bimaterial [Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 45, 119 (1992)], the correct results are given. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reply to “Comment on ‘Moving screw dislocation in a piezoelectric bimaterial’” [phys. stat. sol. (b) 241, No. 4, 962 (2004)]
Authors: Wu Xiang‐Fa , Dzenis Yuris A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe original article to which this Reply refers was published in phys. stat. sol. (b) 238, No.1, 120‐126 (2003)
.The Comment referred to is published in phys. stat. sol. (b) 241, No.4, 962‐964 (2004)
.In their comment, Liu and Fang pointed out two errors in our recent paper [phys. stat. sol. (b) 238, 120 (2003)]. Here we give the corrected solution, based on Suo's superposition scheme and, as can be shown, equivalent to the one given by Liu and Fang. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoemission study of Eu valency in EuF3 ultrathin buried layers and single crystals
Authors: Burian W. , Szade J. , O’Keevan T. , Celiński Z. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractX‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was used to investigate Eu valence in the following EuF3 samples: single crystal, buried MBE layers (Au/EuF3/Fe/GaAs and Au/EuF3/Fe/Ag/GaAs) and amorphous thin films. Evidence was found for a surface divalent Eu state present on single crystal and amorphous films, while the MBE ultra thin buried layers only exhibited a trivalent Eu state. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The surface band structure of W(112)
Authors: Losovyj Ya. B. , Yakovkin I. N. , Jeong Hae‐Kyung , Dowben P. A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe cover picture of this issue is a scanning tunneling microscopy image of the furrowed W(112) surface. A number of unusual phase transitions can be observed in adlayers on such surfaces, mediated by the surface electronic structure. The electronic structure of the corrugated surface of W(112) is detailed in [1].
Modelling of the effects of continual shock loads in the transport process
Authors: Xiang Ming , Eschke R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn the transport process, continual shock loads are typical stresses for packaged products. The studies of the effects of continual shock loads were performed on test specimens in the laboratory. The findings of these studies were used to deduce the relationship between acceleration amplitude and the number of continual shocks to failure, and a corresponding mathematical model was developed. On the basis of the individual mathematical models for the products tested, two further models were proposed for all products. This makes it possible to arrive at a better assessment of the fragility of different product types when exposed to continual shock loads. These models are capable of producing substantial cost reductions in the design of packages, as they allow the cushioning to be tailored more precisely to the fragility of the products. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.