bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of soil cracking and the effect on surface runoff in a Texas Blackland Prairie watershed
Authors: Arnold J. G. , Potter K. N. , King K. W. , Allen P. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSeasonal cracking of the soil matrix results in poor estimates of runoff and infiltration by simulation models due to the changing soil storage conditions. In this study, soil surface elevation changes were measured every two weeks and soil crack volume was calculated for a two‐year period at the USDA‐Agricultural Research Service, Riesel Y‐2 watershed in central Texas. Soil anchors were placed in triplicate at depths of 0·15, 0·45, 0·90, 1·50 and 2·5 m and relative movement from a monument at 4·5 m was measured. Soil movement was translated into crack volume assuming isotrophic shrinkage. A crack flow model was developed for this study that computes crack volume from crack potential, soil depth and soil moisture. Simulated crack volume followed the seasonal trends found in the measured crack volume and was in general agreement with a regression R2 = 0·84. The crack model was incorporated into SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a comprehensive hydrologic model. Regression analysis was performed on measured and simulated daily surface runoff with an R2 = 0·87 indicating good agreement. The model was able to simulate surface runoff accurately in winter months when cracks were swelled closed and in the fall recharge events of 1998 when crack volume went from 70 to 10 mm. The relationships between measured crack volume and hydrologic variables simulated by the model were also examined and discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application and evaluation of ESWAT on the Dender basin and the Wister Lake basin
Authors: Van Griensven A. , Bauwens W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA computer program (ESWAT) was developed to perform integrated water quality modelling for river basins in order to assist water quality management planning and decision‐making. To describe the variabilities in water quality due to the climate, seasonalities and sub‐daily fluctuations, such a model should be able to generate long‐time output series on a sub‐daily basis. This is established by extending the existing program codes of SWAT. While SWAT enables long‐time simulations of agricultural pollution on a daily time step, ESWAT uses a time step of a user‐defined fraction of an hour and an hourly time step to calculate the rainfall/runoff and the in‐stream river routing processes, respectively. The hydrology part was further improved by including a convolution module and modifications of the evapotranspiration module of SWAT. A new module based on the QUAL2E concept was included to simulate the in‐stream water quality processes.Also, an autocalibration module has been incorporated for the optimization of the process parameters. The method is based on a new approach for multi‐objective calibration and incorporates the shuffled complex evolution (SCE) alogrithm. The optimization uses a global optimization criterion, whereby several output variables can be taken into account simultaneously. A new statistical method enables the aggregation of the objective functions for individual variables, hereby avoiding the weighting problem.ESWAT is applied on the Dender basin and the Wister Lake basin in Oklahoma, USA. These basins have different characteristics regarding pollution sources, hydrometeorology and scale, and thus provide a wide evaluation of the performance of ESWAT. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of SWAT in the evaluation of salmon habitat remediation policy
Authors: Whittaker Gerald 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAgricultural non‐point source water pollutants such as sediment, pesticides and nutrients have been identified as contributing to the environmental distress of salmon runs in the Pacific Northwest. Policies to control non‐point pollution from agricultural production can be classified as command and control or economic incentive policies. In application of a command and control policy, a regulator (usually a government agency) mandates a reduction in emissions or limits an agricultural production activity. Examples are a mandated reduction in nutrient application, or a reduction in emission of a nutrient to streams. Economic incentive policies are designed to achieve the same level of pollution control, while allowing some flexibility in maximizing profit.A tax on inputs is one frequently cited incentive measure. In this study, alternative policies to reduce non‐point emissions from agriculture on the Columbia Plateau of Washington, Oregon and Idaho are evaluated. The environmental efficiency and effects on profits by reduction of nitrogen from fertilizer under command and control regulation and tax incentives are compared. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Considering spatial distribution and deposition of sediment in lumped and semi‐distributed models
Authors: Lenhart Thomas , Van Rompaey Anton , Steegen An , Fohrer Nicola , Frede Hans‐Georg , Govers Gerard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to test a new semi‐lumped sediment delivery concept to consider deposition. With this method, the distance between sediment source and river channel is taken into account. It is based on the assumption that sediment delivery rates (SDR‐values) are related to the length of the flow path of the sediment from source area to channel. For each subwatershed an average weighted distance to the river channel can be calculated whereby cells with little or no soil erosion have a high weight.The procedure was implemented in SWAT‐G (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and calibrated and validated for two watersheds in Belgium and Germany. The results point out that the proposed method is a significant improvement of the sediment routine compared to existing lumped equations such as the MUSLE. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the water balance with SWAT as part of the land use impact evaluation in a life cycle study of CO2 emission reduction scenarios
Authors: Heuvelmans Griet , Garcia‐Qujano Juan F. , Muys Bart , Feyen Jan , Coppin Pol 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is an ISO standardized method designed to evaluate the impact of human activities on the environment using objective and measurable indicators. To be effective an LCA analysis should be cost‐efficient in data gathering and the methods used for calculating the impact categories ought to be universally applicable. The land use impact category of an LCA deals with impacts of land occupation and land use change on water balance, soil and vegetation. This paper proposes to use a modelling approach to generate indicators for the land use impact of CO2 emission reduction projects on the ecosystem water balance. The rate variables of the water balance selected to describe the land use impacts are evapotranspiration, surface runoff, discharge, groundwater recharge and soil loss through water erosion. They are simulated making use of the SWAT model.The paper describes the application of the proposed methodology for two locations with different site characteristics and land use patterns. Special attention was paid to aspects of data availability and reliability. Comparison of the simulation results with literature data revealed that SWAT provides reasonable results, which can be used for assessing the land use impact in LCA. The sensitivity analysis indicated low dependency of the model output to minor and moderate changes in model input, with the exception of changes in precipitation and leaf area index (LAI). The study also indicated that the land use library in SWAT needs further development to become universally applicable for LCA purposes. A scenario analysis allowed us to predict the impact of land occupation on the hydrology and erosion of both study areas. Finally, the LCA indicators giving the impact on the water balance per functional unit were calculated by expressing the SWAT outputs per kilogram of CO2 emission reduction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling streamflow from two small South African experimental catchments using the SWAT model
Authors: Govender M. , Everson C. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIncreasing demand for timber products results in the expansion of commercial afforestation in South Africa. The conversion of indigenous seasonally dormant grassland to evergreen forests results in increased transpiration and ultimately a reduction in catchment runoff, creating a negative impact on the country's scarce water supplies. In order to assist managers in the decision‐making processes it is important to be able to accurately assess and predict hydrological processes, and the impact that land use change will have on water resources. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) provides a means of performing these assessments. One of the key strengths of the SWAT model lies in its ability to model the relative impacts of changes in management practices, climate and vegetation on water quantity and quality.The aim of this study was to determine if the SWAT model could reasonably simulate hydrological processes in daily time steps from two small South African catchments. To verify the SWAT model a grassland (C VIgrass) and Pinus patula afforested catchment (C IIpine) were selected from the Cathedral Peak hydrological research station in the KwaZulu Natal Drakensberg mountains. These catchments were chosen because of the availability of detailed hydrological records and suitable land use.Observed and simulated streamflow for C VIgrass and C IIpine were compared. When model fits of observed and simulated streamflow for C VIgrass were acceptable, this parameter set was then used in the configuration of C IIpine. Results show that the model performs well for C VIgrass with reasonable agreement between modelled and observed data (R2 = 0·68). Comparisons for C IIpine show a total oversimulation of streamflow for the period 1950 to 1965, with deviations between observed and modelled data increasing from 1959 to 1965, due to the model not accounting for the increase in ET brought about by the maturing pine plantation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in the application of the SWAT model for water resources management
Authors: Jayakrishnan R. , Srinivasan R. , Santhi C. , Arnold J. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDevelopments in computer technology have revolutionized the study of hydrologic systems and water resources management. Several computer‐based hydrologic/water quality models have been developed for applications in hydrologic modelling and water resources studies. Distributed parameter models, necessary for basin‐scale studies, have large input data requirements. Geographic information systems (GIS) and model–GIS interfaces aid the efficient creation of input data files required by such models. One such model available for the water resources professional is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a distributed parameter model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. This paper describes some recent advances made in the application of SWAT and the SWAT–GIS interface for water resources management. Four case studies are presented. The Hydrologic Unit Model for the United States (HUMUS) project used SWAT to conduct a national‐scale analysis of the effect of management scenarios on water quantity and quality. Integration of the SWAT model with rainfall data available from the WSR‐88D radar network helps us to incorporate the spatial variability of rainfall into the modelling process. This study demonstrates the usefulness of radar rainfall data in distributed hydrologic studies and the potential of SWAT for application in flood analysis and prediction. A hydrologic modelling study of the Sondu river basin in Kenya using SWAT indicates the potential for application of the model in African watersheds and points to the need for development of better model input data sets in Africa, which are critical for detailed water resources studies. The application of SWAT for water quality analysis in the Bosque river basin, Texas demonstrates the strength of the model for analysing different management scenarios to minimize point and non‐point pollution, and its potential for application in total maximum daily load (TMDL) studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transactivation of hsp70‐1/2 in geldanamycin‐treated human non‐small cell lung cancer H460 cells: Involvement of intracellular calcium and protein kinase C
Authors: Shu Chih‐Wen , Cheng Nai‐Lin , Chang Whei‐meih , Tseng Tzu‐Ling , Lai Yiu‐Kay 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGeldanamycin is an antitumor drug that binds HSP90 and induces a wide range of heat shock proteins, including HSP70s. In this study we report that the induction of HSP70s is dose‐dependent in geldanamycin‐treated human non‐small cell lung cancer H460 cells. Analysis of the induction of HSP70s specific isoform using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis and Northern blotting showed that HSP70‐1/2 are the major inducible forms under geldanamycin treatment. Transactivation of hsp70‐1/2 was determined by electrophoretic mobility‐shift assay using heat shock element (HSE) as a probe. The signaling pathway mediators involved in hsp70‐1/2 transactivation were screened by the kinase inhibitor scanning technique. Pretreatment with serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors H7 or H8 blocked geldanamycin‐induced HSP70‐1/2, whereas protein kinase A inhibitor HA1004, protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823, and myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML‐7 had no effect. Furthermore, the protein kinase C (PKC)‐specific inhibitor Ro‐31‐8425 and the Ca2+‐dependent PKC inhibitor Gö‐6976 diminished geldanamycin‐induced HSP70‐1/2, suggesting an involvement of the PKC in the process. In addition, geldanamycin treatment causes a transient increase of intracellular Ca2+. Chelating intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA‐AM or depletion of intracellular Ca2+ store with A23187 or thapsigargin significantly decreased geldanamycin‐transactivated HSP70‐1/2 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that geldanamycin‐induced specific HSP70‐1/2 isoforms expression in H460 cells through signaling pathway mediated by Ca2+ and PKC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replication‐coupled modulation of early replicating chromatin domains detected by anti‐actin antibody
Authors: Fidlerová Helena , Mašata Martin , Malínský Jan , Fialová Markéta , Cvac̆ková Zuzana , Louz̆ecká Alena , Koberna Karel , Berezney Ronald , Ras̆ka Ivan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEvidence is presented for the reversible, cold‐dependent immunofluorescence detection of the epitope (hereafter referred to as epiC), recognized by a monoclonal anti‐actin antibody in diploid human fibroblast cell nuclei and mitotic chromosomes. The nuclear/chromosomal epiC was detected in a cell cycle window beginning in early S phase and extending through S phase, G2 phase, mitosis until early G1 phase of the subsequent daughter cells. A small but significant level of co‐localization was measured between the nuclear epiC and active sites of DNA replication in early S phase. The level of co‐localization was strikingly enhanced beginning approximately 1 h after the initial labeling of early S phase replicating chromatin domains. In contrast, epiC did not co‐localize with late S phase replicated chromatin either during DNA replication or at any other time in the cell cycle. We propose a replication‐coupled modulation of early S phase replicated chromatin domains that is detected by the chromatin epiC positivity, persists on the chromatin domains from early S until early G1 of the next cell generation, and may be involved in the regulation and/or coordination of replicational and transcriptional processes during the cell cycle. Further studies will be required to resolve the possible role of nuclear actin in this modulation process. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 899–916, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates steroid sulphatase activity in HL60 and NB4 acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines by different receptor‐mediated mechanisms
Authors: Hughes Philip J. , Steinmeyer Andreas , Chandraratna Roshantha A.S. , Brown Geoffrey 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSteroid sulphatase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of bioactive estrogens and androgens from highly abundant inactive circulating sulphated steroid precursors. Little is known about how the expression/activity of this enzyme is regulated. In this article, we show that of 1α,25(OH)2D3 stimulates an increase steroid sulphatase activity in the HL60 myeloid leukaemic cell line that is inhibited by a specific nuclear VDR (VDRnuc) antagonist and unaffected by plasma membrane‐associated vitamin D receptor (VDRmem) agonists and antagonists. 1α,25(OH)2D3‐mediated up‐regulation of steroid sulphatase activity in HL60 cells was augmented by RXR agonists, blocked by RXR‐specific antagonists, and RAR specific agonists and antagonists had no effect. In contrast, the 1α,25(OH)2D3‐mediated up‐regulation of steroid sulphatase activity in the NB4 myeloid leukaemic cell line was unaffected by the specific VDRnuc and RXR antagonists, but was blocked by a VDRmem‐specific antagonist and was increased by VDRmem‐specific agonists. The findings reveal that VDRnuc‐RXR‐heterodimers play a key role in the 1α,25(OH)2D3‐mediated up‐regulation of steroid sulphatase activity in HL60 cells. However, in NB4 cells, VDRnuc‐derived signals do not play an obligatory role, and non‐genomic VDRmem‐derived signals are important. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylated osteopontin promotes migration of human choriocarcinoma cells via a p70 S6 kinase‐dependent pathway
Authors: Al‐Shami Rania , Sorensen Esben S. , Ek‐Rylander Barbro , Andersson Göran , Carson Daniel D. , Farach‐Carson Mary C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study examined the role of osteopontin (OPN), a phosphorylated secreted glycoprotein, in the promotion of trophoblastic cell migration, an early event in the embryo implantation process. Three human choriocarcinoma cell lines, namely JAR, BeWo, and JEG‐3, were treated with variants of OPN differing in the extent of phosphorylation following sequential dephosphorylation with tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and their migratory response was measured. The highly phosphorylated human milk form of OPN (OPN‐1) strongly triggered migration in all three cell lines, whereas the less phosphorylated variants, OPN‐2a and OPN‐2b, failed to stimulate migration. JAR cell migration in response to OPN‐1 was accompanied by a rapid rearrangement of actin filaments to the cellular membrane. Using broad spectrum protein kinase profiling, we identified p70 S6 kinase as a major signal transduction pathway activated by OPN‐1 during the migratory response in JAR cells. Activation was blocked completely by rapamycin and LY294002, thus demonstrating that OPN‐1‐stimulated migration occurs through mTOR and PI3K pathways, respectively. Conversely, PD98059 did not affect the activation of p70 S6 kinase by OPN‐1, therefore, this response does not involve the Ras/ MAPK signaling cascade. Together, these data show that the highly phosphorylated human OPN‐1 can stimulate trophoblastic cell migration and provides evidence for the involvement of the PI3K/mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway in the JAR cells response. Because both OPN and TRAP are expressed in the uterus during early pregnancy, it is conceivable that extracellular phosphatases such as TRAP may modify OPN charge state and thus modulate cell migration. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C‐terminal region of Bfl‐1 induces cell death that accompanies caspase activation when fused with GFP
Authors: Yang Wan Seok , Ko Jae‐Kyun , Park Sue‐O , Choi Hye‐Young , Kim Yong‐Nyun , Kim Chul‐Woo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPreviously, we reported that anti‐apoptotic Bfl‐1 is converted to a pro‐apoptotic protein following fusion at its N‐terminus with green fluorescent protein (GFP) (GFP‐Bfl‐1). In this study, we performed a Bfl‐1 deletion study in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of GFP‐Bfl‐1‐induced cell death. We found that the Bcl‐2 homology (BH) domains in Bfl‐1 are dispensable with respect to cell death and that GFP fusion with the 29 amino acids of the C‐terminal region of Bfl‐1 (GFP‐BC) is sufficient to induce cell death. Moreover, when BC was fused with other tagging partners like GST or MBP, little cell death was observed, implying that the GFP region is as important as the BC region for GFP‐BC‐induced cell death. Further deletion analysis defined a region of GFP as a determinant of GFP‐BC‐induced cell death. Confocal microscopic analysis showed that GFP‐chimeras containing the BC region of Bfl‐1 are located mainly in mitochondria. The GFP‐BC‐induced cell death accompanied cellular caspase activation, and treatment with the pan‐caspase inhibitor, Boc‐D‐FMK, partially inhibited GFP‐BC‐induced cell death. However, the over‐expression of anti‐apoptotic molecules, such as Bcl‐xL and CrmA, did not block GFP‐BC‐induced cell death. In summary, GFP‐BC induces cell death with caspase activation through mitochondria dependent process. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of prolidase activity by nickel causes decreased growth of proline auxotrophic CHO cells
Authors: Miltyk Wojciech , Surazynski Arkadiusz , Kasprzak Kazimierz S. , Fivash Matthew J. , Buzard Gregory S. , Phang James M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOccupational exposure to nickel has been epidemiologically linked to increased cancer risk in the respiratory tract. Nickel‐induced cell transformation is associated with both genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms that are poorly understood. Prolidase [E.C.3.4.13.9] is a cytosolic Mn(II)‐activated metalloproteinase that specifically hydrolyzes imidodipeptides with C‐terminal proline or hydroxyproline and plays an important role in the recycling of proline for protein synthesis and cell growth. Prolidase also provides free proline as substrate for proline oxidase, whose gene is activated by p53 during apoptosis. The inhibition of prolidase activity by nickel has not yet been studied. We first showed that Ni(II) chloride specifically inhibited prolidase activity in CHO‐K1 cells in situ. This interpretation was possible because CHO‐K1 cells are proline auxotrophs requiring added free proline or proline released from added Gly‐Pro by prolidase. In a dose‐dependent fashion, Ni(II) inhibited growth on Gly‐Pro but did not inhibit growth on proline, thereby showing inhibition of prolidase in situ in the absence of nonspecific toxicity. Studies using cell‐free extracts showed that Ni(II) inhibited prolidase activity when present during prolidase activation with Mn(II) or during incubation with Gly‐Pro. In kinetic studies, we found that Ni(II) inhibition of prolidase varied with respect to Mn(II) concentration. Analysis of these data suggested that increasing concentrations of Mn(II) stabilized the enzyme protein against Ni(II) inhibition. Because prolidase is an important enzyme in collagen metabolism, inhibition of the enzyme activity by nickel could alter the metabolism of collagen and other matrix proteins, and thereby alter cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions involved in gene expression, genomic stability, cellular differentiation, and cell proliferation. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.