bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glauber phases in non-global LHC observables: resummation for gluon-initiated processes
Authors: Böer Philipp , Hager Patrick , Neubert Matthias , Stillger Michel , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The resummation of the “Glauber series” in non-global LHC observables is extended to processes with gluons in the initial state. This series simultaneously incorporates large double-logarithmic corrections, the so-called “super-leading logarithms”, together with higher-order exchanges of pairs of Glauber gluons associated with the large numerical factor (iπ)2. On a technical level, the main part of this work is devoted to the systematic reduction of the appearing color traces and construction of basis structures, which consist of thirteen elements for gg and eleven elements for qg scattering. Numerical estimates for wide-angle gap-between-jet cross sections at the parton level show that, in particular for gg scattering at relatively small vetoes Q0, the contribution involving four Glauber exchanges gives a sizeable correction and should not be neglected.
Squeezing, chaos and thermalization in periodically driven quantum systems: the case of bosonic preheating
Authors: Chakraborty Ayan , Maity Debaprasad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The phenomena of Squeezing and chaos have recently been studied in the context of inflation. We apply this formalism in the post-inflationary preheating phase. During this phase, the inflaton field undergoes quasi-periodic oscillation, which acts as a driving force for the resonant growth of quantum fluctuation or particle production. Furthermore, the quantum state of the fluctuations is known to have evolved into a squeezed state. In this submission, we explore the underlying connection between the resonant growth, squeezing, and chaos by computing the Out of Time Order Correlator (OTOC) of phase space variables and establishing a relation among the Lyapunov, Floquet exponents, and squeezing parameters. For our study, we consider observationally favored α-attractor E-model of inflaton coupled with the bosonic field. After the production, the system of produced bosonic fluctuations/particles from the inflaton is supposed to thermalize, and that is believed to have an intriguing connection to the nature of chaos of the system under perturbation. We conjecture a relation between the thermalization temperature ($$ {\overline{T}}_{\textrm{SS}} $$

T
¯

SS

) of the system and quantum squeezing, which is further shown to be consistent with the well-known Rayleigh-Jeans formula for the temperature symbolized as $$ {\overline{T}}_{\textrm{RJ}} $$

T
¯

RJ

, and that is $$ {\overline{T}}_{\textrm{SS}}\simeq {\overline{T}}_{\textrm{RJ}} $$

T
¯

SS

≃

T
¯

RJ

. Finally, we show that the system temperature is in accord with the well-known lower bound on the temperature of a chaotic system proposed by Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford (MSS).
Pseudo entropy under joining local quenches
Authors: Shinmyo Kotaro , Takayanagi Tadashi , Tasuki Kenya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We compute the pseudo entropy in two-dimensional holographic and free Dirac fermion CFTs for excited states under joining local quenches. Our analysis reveals two of its characteristic properties that are missing in the conventional entanglement entropy. One is that, under time evolution, the pseudo entropy exhibits a dip behavior as the excitations propagate from the joined point to the boundaries of the subsystem. The other is that the excess of pseudo entropy over entanglement entropy can be positive in holographic CFTs, whereas it is always non-positive in free Dirac fermion CFTs. We argue that the entropy excess can serve as a measure of multi-partite entanglement. Its positivity implies that the vacuum state in holographic CFTs possesses multi-partite entanglement, in contrast to free Dirac fermion CFTs.
Genome-wide association mapping for seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew in barley
Authors: Guo Jie , Zhao Chenchen , Gupta Sanjiv , Platz Greg , Snyman Lisle , Zhou Meixue 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Key message
Two new major QTL were identified for powdery mildew resistance. We confirmed that the QTL on 7HS contributed mainly to the adult-plant resistance, while another one on chromosome arm 1HS made a significant contribution to the seedling resistance.

Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria hordei, can occur at all post emergent stages of barley and constantly threatens crop production. To identify more genes for effective resistance to powdery mildew for use in breeding programs, 696 barley accessions collected from different regions of the world were evaluated for PM resistance at seedling and adult growth stages in three different states of Australia. These barley accessions were genotyped using DArTSeq with over 18,000 markers for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Using the FarmCPU model, 54 markers showed significant associations with PM resistance scored at the seedling and adult-plant stages in different states of Australia. Another 40 markers showed tentative associations (LOD > 4.0) with resistance. These markers are distributed across all seven barley chromosomes. Most of them were grouped into eleven QTL regions, coinciding with the locations of most of the reported resistance genes. Two major MTAs were identified on chromosome arms 3HS and 5HL, with one on 3HS contributing to adult plant resistance and the one on 5HL to both seedling and adult plant resistance. An MTA on 7HS contributed mainly to the adult-plant resistance, while another one on chromosome arm 1HS made a significant contribution to the seedling resistance.
Preparation of trivalent rare-earth element-substituted bioactive glass robocast scaffolds for osteosarcoma treatment: structural, morphological, mechanical, drug delivery, and biological properties
Authors: Deliormanlı Aylin M. , Ensoylu Mertcan , Atmaca Harika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, trivalent rare-earth ion (Eu3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+)-substituted silicate-based bioactive glass scaffolds were prepared by robocasting method using sol–gel-derived bioactive glass powders for tissue engineering applications and cancer therapy. The structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of the prepared scaffolds as well as their in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated in detail. In addition, an anticancer drug (5-FU) adsorption and release behavior of the scaffolds was studied as a function of time. In vitro, cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase activity were investigated using human skin fibroblast BJ and osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells. Results showed that using lanthanide ion-containing (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) sol–gel-derived bioactive glass powders it was possible to successfully fabricate periodic, mesh-like patterned robocast glass scaffolds. All of the scaffolds prepared in the study sintered at 675 °C showed an amorphous structure. The compressive strength of scaffolds was in the range of 8.8 MPa to 13.6 MPa and the highest strength values were obtained in the Yb3+-containing scaffolds. Hydroxyapatite formation was obtained for the scaffolds immersed in SBF for 28 days. The fluorouracil adsorption amount was calculated to be ~ 25% for all types of scaffolds and the cumulative drug release was in the range of 20–25% depending on the dopant concentration. Results of the in vitro cell culture experiments revealed that all of the scaffolds fabricated in the study were not cytotoxic to fibroblast and osteosarcoma cells for up to 7 days under in vitro conditions. An increase was obtained for the ALP activities for both types of cells as the incubation time was increased.
Environmental potential of recycling of plastic wastes in Australia based on life cycle assessment
Authors: Soenmez Can , Venkatachalam Venkateshwaran , Spierling Sebastian , Endres Hans-Josef , Barner Leonie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlastic consumption in Australia is steadily increasing and is estimated to reach 8.8 million tonnes by 2050. Alongside plastic consumption, plastic waste management (PWM) faces rising environmental challenges in Australia as most of them are currently landfilled. Therefore, the Australian government has published a policy to transition to a circular economy as well as a new strategy for PWM with higher recycling rates. To understand the implications of the policy changes and the environmental impacts of End-of-Life (EoL) options, life cycle thinking is necessary. This study evaluates and compares the environmental impacts of the Australian PWM for 2018–2019 to the policy envisaged for 2030 that includes higher recycling rates and waste export bans from a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. From the results, it can be seen that the current PWM is majorly linear (take, make, use and dispose) as most of the wastes gets landfilled and exported to other countries but the future PWM strategy for 2030 results in higher resource recovery and significant reduction in the environmental impacts. There is a reduction in Global Warming Potential (GWP) by a factor of almost 10, if the recycling rates increase from 13 to 70%. The state and the federal governments along with other stakeholders need to implement stringent measures to recover plastic wastes if a transition to a circular economy is to happen by 2030.
A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Sabbour Hani , Bhatt Deepak L. , Elhenawi Yaser , Aljaberi Asma , Bennani Layal , Fiad Tarek , Hasan Khwaja , Hashmani Shahrukh , Hijazi Rabih A. , Khan Zafar , Shantouf Ronney 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with hyperlipidemia treated with statins remain at a residual cardiovascular (CV) risk. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids hold the potential to mitigate the residual CV risk in statin-treated patients, with persistently elevated triglyceride (TG) levels.

Method
We reviewed the current evidence on the use of icosapent ethyl (IPE), an omega-3 fatty acid yielding a pure form of eicosapentaenoic acid.

Results
REDUCE-IT reported a significant 25% reduction in CV events, including the need for coronary revascularization, the risk of fatal/nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, and CV death in patients on IPE, unseen with other omega-3 fatty acids treatments. IPE was effective in all patients regardless of baseline CV risk enhancers (TG levels, type-2 diabetes status, weight status, prior revascularization, or renal function). Adverse events (atrial fibrillation/flutter) related to IPE have occurred mostly in patients with prior atrial fibrillation. Yet, the net clinical benefit largely exceeded potential risks. The combination with other omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular DHA, eliminated the effect of EPA alone, as reported in the STRENGTH and OMEMI trials. Adding IPE to statin treatment seems to be cost-effective, especially in the context of secondary prevention of CVD, decreasing CV event frequency and subsequently the use of healthcare resources.

Conclusion
Importantly, IPE has been endorsed by 20 international medical societies as a statin add-on treatment in patients with dyslipidemia and high CV risk. Robust medical evidence supports IPE as a pillar in the management of dyslipidemia.
Expression of CGRP in the Trigeminal Ganglion and Its Effect on the Polarization of Macrophages in Rats with Temporomandibular Arthritis
Authors: Tao Junli , Wang Xiaohui , Xu Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is synthesized and secreted by trigeminal ganglion neurons, and is a key neuropeptide involved in pain and immune regulation. This study investigates the expression of CGRP in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and its regulatory role in the polarization of macrophages in rats with temporomandibular arthritis. A rat model of temporomandibular arthritis was established using CFA. Pain behavior was then observed. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the TG were collected, and immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and RT-qPCR were used to examine the expression of CGRP and macrophage-related factors. To investigate the impact of CGRP on macrophage polarization, both CGRP and its antagonist, CGRP 8-37, were separately administered directly within the TG. Statistical analysis revealed that within 24 h of inducing temporomandibular arthritis using CFA, there was a significant surge in CD86 positive macrophages within the ganglion. These macrophages peaked on the 7th day before beginning their decline. In this context, it’s noteworthy that administering CGRP to the trigeminal ganglion can prompt these macrophages to adopt the M2 phenotype. Intriguingly, this study demonstrates that injecting the CGRP receptor antagonist (CGRP 8-37) to the ganglion counteracts this shift towards the M2 phenotype. Supporting these in vivo observations, we found that in vitro, CGRP indeed fosters the M2-type polarization of macrophages. CGRP can facilitate the conversion of macrophages into the M2 phenotype. The phenotypic alterations of macrophages within the TG could be instrumental in initiating and further driving the progression of TMJ disorders.
Scoring Six Detrending Methods on Timing, Lead-Lag Relations, and Cycle Periods: An Empirical Study of US and UK Recessions 1977–2020
Authors: Seip Knut Lehre , Zhang Dan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates six commonly used detrending methods and discuss how detrending may change the timing of events, the identification of lead-lag relations between GDP and employment, and the identification of cycle periods. The detrending methods examined includes linear detrending, polynomial detrending, the first-order differencing, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS), Hodrick–Prescott filter, and the Hamilton filter. We apply the detrending methods to the United States and United Kingdom gross domestic product (GDP) from 1977 to 2020. We find that for the GDP series the first-order differencing score best on all three criteria, however, it also shows more false recessions than the other detrending methods. A linear, a polynomial, and a LOESS trend all scored well. The three methods miss-specified the timing of the recessions with less than one quarter and all three gave results that would comply with stylized facts in macroeconomics. The Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter and Hamilton filter did not achieve high scores on one or two of the criteria and scored worst on average performance.
Plant species richness increase across crop field–dry grassland edges masks diverging patterns in generalists and specialists
Authors: Schöpke Benito , Wesche Karsten , Tschan Georg F. , Wulf Monika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
There is an urgent need to stop the biodiversity loss in European agricultural landscapes. These landscapes, due to their fragmentation, include a lot of edges, many of them between habitats of different quality in terms of biodiversity.

Objectives
Here, we ask how plant species richness is distributed from the interior of protected semi-natural grassland into the interior of adjacent crop fields, and which species groups determine the observed patterns.

Methods
At grassland–crop field interfaces in two German landscapes, we sampled the vegetation along transects extending 32 m into both habitats. Based on theory, we fitted different models to visualize the species richness curve along transects and selected the best model via AIC.

Results
The best fitting model for all species was monotone over the interface with a minimum in the field and a maximum in the grassland. This shape was driven by the generalists, showing the same pattern, while grassland specialists showed a sigmoid curve with an increase only in the grassland. Arable specialists had a peak at the field edge and decreased towards the grassland. Curves for Ellenberg indicator values for moisture, nutrients and light showed the same shape as the overall species curve, yet with an inverse pattern for light.

Conclusions
This is the first study revealing gradual responses of plant species richness at the grassland–crop field interface with a high spatial resolution. As these adjacent habitats influence each other far into their neighbourhood, attention should be given when conserving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, particularly in case of often small and scattered protected areas.
Testing for synergistic effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance on ecological communities at a landscape scale
Authors: Lloren Jed I. , McCune J. L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
Anthropogenic and natural disturbances may interact synergistically, magnifying their individual effects on biodiversity. However, few studies have measured responses of ecological communities to multiple stressors at landscape scales.

Objectives
We use a long-term dataset to test for synergistic effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbance on plant community diversity and composition in a large protected area.

Methods
We quantified changes in plant communities over two decades in 98 plots in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada. Fifty-three plots burned in a wildfire in the interim. We modeled the effects of wildfire, proximity to trails or roads, and their interaction on changes in species richness, community composition, relative abundance of disturbance-associated species, and colonization by exotic species.

Results
Interactions between wildfire and proximity to roads and trails affected all metrics except species richness. Only one interaction was synergistic: the relative abundance of disturbance-associated species following wildfire was magnified closer to recreational corridors. The other community metrics showed unexpected patterns. For example, plots with no exotic species in the baseline survey that burned in the wildfire were more likely to gain exotic species than unburned plots only when they were distant from recreational corridors.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates interactive effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance at landscape scales within a protected area. Plant community response to wildfire was influenced by proximity to recreational corridors, sometimes in surprising ways. As the frequency and severity of anthropogenic and natural disturbances both continue to rise, documenting the prevalence and magnitude of interactions between them is key to predicting long-term effects and designing mitigation strategies.
Automatic 3D-display-friendly scene extraction from video sequences and optimal focusing distance identification
Authors: Chlubna Tomáš , Milet Tomáš , Zemčík Pavel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for an automatic detection of 3D-display-friendly scenes from video sequences. Manual selection of such scenes by a human user would be extremely time consuming and would require additional evaluation of the result on 3D display. The input videos can be intentionally captured or taken from other sources, such as films. First, the input video is analyzed and the camera trajectory is estimated. The optimal frame sequence that follows defined rules, based on optical attributes of the display, is then extracted. This ensures the best visual quality and viewing comfort. The following identification of a correct focusing distance is an important step to produce a sharp and artifact-free result on a 3D display. Two novel and equally efficient focus metrics for 3D displays are proposed and evaluated. Further scene enhancements are proposed to correct the unsuitably captured video. Multiple image analysis approaches used in the proposal are compared in terms of both quality and time performance. The proposal is experimentally evaluated on a state-of-the-art 3D display by Looking Glass Factory and is suitable even for other multi-view devices. The problem of optimal scene detection, which includes the input frames extraction, resampling, and focusing, was not addressed in any previous research. Separate stages of the proposal were compared with existing methods, but the results show that the proposed scheme is optimal and cannot be replaced by other state-of-the-art approaches.
Performance Comparison of Different HTM-Spatial Pooler Algorithms Based on Information-Theoretic Measures
Authors: Sanati Shiva , Rouhani Modjtaba , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHierarchical temporal memory (HTM) is a promising unsupervised machine-learning algorithm that models key principles of neocortical computation. One of the main components of HTM is the spatial pooler (SP), which encodes binary input streams into sparse distributed representations (SDRs). In this paper, we propose an information-theoretic framework for the performance comparison of HTM-spatial pooler (SP) algorithms, specifically, for quantifying the similarities and differences between sparse distributed representations in SP algorithms. We evaluate SP's standalone performance, as well as HTM's overall performance. Our comparison of various SP algorithms using Renyi mutual information, Renyi divergence, and Henze–Penrose divergence measures reveals that the SP algorithm with learning and a logarithmic boosting function yields the most effective and useful data representation. Moreover, the most effective SP algorithm leads to superior HTM results. In addition, we utilize our proposed framework to compare HTM with other state-of-the-art sequential learning algorithms. We illustrate that HTM exhibits superior adaptability to pattern changes over time than long short term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU) and online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) algorithms. This superiority is evident from the lower Renyi divergence of HTM (0.23) compared to LSTM6000 (0.33), LSTM3000 (0.38), GRU (0.41), and OS-ELM (0.49). HTM also achieved the highest Renyi mutual information value of 0.79, outperforming LSTM6000 (0.73), LSTM3000 (0.71), GRU (0.68), and OS-ELM (0.62). These findings not only confirm the numerous advantages of HTM over other sequential learning algorithm, but also demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed information-theoretic approach as a powerful framework for comparing and evaluating various learning algorithms.