bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial pressure, conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, and cerebral blood flow in patients with benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)
Authors: Gjerris F. , Sørensen P. Soelberg , Vorstrup S. , Paulson O. B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIntracranial pressure, conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, and cerebral blood flow were investigated in 14 patients with benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri). Intracranial pressure was increased in 9 patients (20 to 30 mm Hg), borderline in 4 patients (15 to 18 mm Hg), and normal in 1 patient (8 mm Hg). Six patients had plateau waves, and all had B waves in more than 50% of the monitored time. Conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, measured by a lumbo‐lumbar perfusion method, was significantly reduced: 0.042 ml·mm Hg−1·min−1 (± 0.004 {SEM}; normal more than 0.080 ml·mm Hg−1·min−1). Cerebral blood flow was measured by xenon 133 inhalation and single photon emission computer tomography. Mean hemispheric flow was normal in all cases, averaging 59 ± 9 ml·100 gm−1·min−1. Only 2 patients showed focal low‐flow areas. Thus, a disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation seems to be of pathogenetic significance in benign intracranial hypertension.
The role of plasma lipids in carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis
Authors: Ford C. Stephen , Crouse John R. , Howard George , Toole James F. , Ball Marshall R. , Frye Janice 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis correlates with increased plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and triglycerides and with decreased plasma concentrations of high‐density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL‐C). The role of plasma lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of cerebral atherosclerosis, however, is less clear. Several investigators report that lipoprotein abnormlities correlate inversely with the incidence of cerebral infarction. We analyzed risk factors for carotid bifurcation atheroscerosis in 121 consecutive patients who underwent cerebral angiography. This analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the plasma TC/HDL‐C ratio and the extent of carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis (p = 0.01). The extent of atherosclerosis correlated inversely with plasma concentrations of HDL‐C (p = 0.02). Triglyceride concentration correlated positively with the extent of atherosclerosis with marginal significance (p = 0.07). LDL‐C and TC concentrations did not correlate with bifurcation atherosclerosis (p > 0.1). Only 4% of the variation in the extent of bifurcation atherosclerosis was explicable on the basis of plasma lipoprotien concentrations.
Mesulergine (CU32‐085) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pfeifer Ronald F. , Wilken Kathleen , Glaeske Carolyn 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTwenty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with the 8‐α‐ergoline derivative mesulergine. Participants were divided into two groups, and over a nine‐week period, mesulergine dosage was increased to amaximum of either 10 or 20 mg daily. During this time levodopa‐carbidopa (LD‐CD) dosage was reduced and treatement was discontinued if possible. The dosage of LD‐CD was reduced 75% in the 10 mg group and 74% in the 20 mg group. Patients in the low dose group maintained in each of the cardinal signs of parkinsonism. Adverse effects were generally mild and infrequent. Many adverse effects induced by LD‐CD diminished or resolved. Our results suggest that mesulergine can be valuable in the management of Parkinson's disease, particularly in those individuals experiencing dose‐limiting adverse effects from LD‐CD.
Central neurogenic hyperventilation in a conscious patient with primary cerebral lymphoma
Authors: Bateman D. E. , Gibson G. J. , Hudgson P. , Tomlison B. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe clinical and neuropathological findings of a patient with central neurogenic hyperventilation are described. The patient had extensive primary central nervous system lymphoma but no lesions below the level of the superior colliculus. The possible mechanism of central neurogenic hyperventilation is discussed with reference to the present case and those previously described.
Early‐onset Alzheimer's disease: An analysis of CT findings
Authors: Drayer Burton P. , Heyman Albert , Wilkinson William , Barrett Lynn , Weinberg Tina 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBrain computed tomographic scan of 60 patients with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (mean age, 60.7 years) were compared awith those of age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Computed tomographic analysis included standard ventricular measurements as well as subjectice ratings of ventriculat sulcal size. These indiceswere correlated with the results of a battery of neuropsychological tests and electroencephalographic findings.Linear measurements of ventricular size were significantly greater in the patients with Alzheimer's disease than in the age‐matched control group (p<0.0005). Using subjective appraisal of ventricular and sulcal size, the neuroradiologist noted anmormalities significantly more often in patients than in controls (p<0.0005). Linear measurements of ventricular size correlated significantly (p<0.05) with the severity of aphasia and dementia and the presence of electroemcephalographic abnormalities. There was, however, no correlation between the subjective judgement of cortical atrophy and degree impairment as measured byneuropsychological tests. The fidings in this study demonstrate the usefulness of computed tomographic imaging Alzheimer's disease of early onset.
Late‐onset Wilson's disease with neurological involvement in the absence of Kayser‐Fleischer rings
Authors: Ross M. Elizabeth , Jacobson Ira M. , Dienstag Jules L. , Martin Joseph B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report a patient with Wilson's disease whose case is unusual in two respects. First, the patient was 58 years of age when the diagnosis was made based on urinary, serum, and hepatic copper studies, as well as liver histological investigation. Second, despite the patient's neurological impairment, Kyser‐Fleischer rings had not developed. We conclude that in patients with chronic, degenerative neurological disease, particularly when associated with hepatic dysfunction, the diagnosis of Wilson's disease should be considered regardless of age at onset or the absence of Kyser‐Fleischer rings on slit lamp examination.
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy presenting in infancy with facial diplegia and sensorineural deafness
Authors: Korf Bruce R. , Bresnan Michael J , Shapiro Frederic , Sotrel Anna , Abroms Isreal F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSix patients are described in whom facial diplegia occured in the first year of life, with subsequent development of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. All had severe proggressive disability prior to adolescence. Facial involvement did not include extraucular muscles. All six patients had a sensorineural hearing loss. Evidence of a mildly affected parent was found in three families. Progressive and severe facioscapulohumeral dystrophy accompanied by facial diplegia and sensorineural hearing loss may represent a separate genetic form of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.
The influence of preexiting oscillations on the binoculars optokinetic response
Authors: Abadi R. V. , Dickinson C. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFull‐field optokinetic were examined in patients with congenital nystagmus. If the stimulus moved in the same plane as the congenital nystagmus, a gaze‐modulated response was recorded for both idiopathic and albino observers. When the congenital nystagmus was almost totally suppressed, neither a gaze‐evoked nor a sawtooth response was see. For stimulus movements in a plane orthogonal to the congenital nystagmus, normal sawtooth optokinetic responses were exhinited by both groups. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the optokinetic response in the meridian of the spontaneous oscillation has been adapted.
Balo's concentric sclerosis: New observations on lesion development
Authors: Moore G. R. Wayne , Neumann Paul E. , Suzuki Kinuko , Lijtmaer Hugo N. , Traugott Ute , Raine Cedric S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 54‐year‐old woman with a four‐month history of progressive neurological illness was found at postmortem examination to have lesions of Balo's concentric sclerosis. Balo lesions were found in several areas scattered widely throughout the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, a previously unreported location, and were studied histological and ultrastructural methods. Balo lesions consisted bands of intact myelin alternating with zones of demyelination. These lesions were centered on a perivascular cuff of inflammatory cells. The center of the lesion was the oldest area with the concentric rings of demyelination decreasing in age with increasing distance from the center. The bands of intact myelin comprised mainly remyelinated fibers, were similiar to those seen at the edges of chronic active multiple sclerosis plaques, and may have represented the repaired margins of preceding episodes. The occurrence of small foci of acute demyelination centered on perivascular cuffs and other changes typical of both acute and chronic active multiple sclerosis may indicate that the lesion of Balo's concentric sclerosis represents an intermediate stage in the development of an established multiple sclerosis lesion.
Decreased sympathetic neuronal uptake in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Polinsky Ronald J. , Goldstein David S. , Brown Robert T. , Keiser Harry R. , Kopin Irwin J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe disappearance rates from plasma of intravenously administered levo‐norepinephrine (1‐NE), dextro‐norepinephrine (d‐NE), and isoproterenol (ISO) were measured in normal subjects and in patients with either multiple‐system atrophy (MSA) or idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH). The two isomers, 1‐NE and d‐NE, were removed at similar rates in all groups. In normal subjects, the d and 1 isomers of norepinephrine were cleared more rapidly than ISO. In patients with IOH, the initial rates of disappearance of the NE isomers from plasma were slower than normal and similar to the rate for ISO disappearance. Plasma NE levels, NE clearance, and the apparent release rate of NE into plasma from sympathetic neurons were significantly lower in patients with IOH than in normal subjects. Only the apparent NE secretion rate was related to the baseline plasma NE level. Sympathetic neuronal dysfunction in IOH is attended by a reduction in the clearance of NE. The very low plasma NE levels, in association with the striking reduction in NE clearance, suggest that in IOH there is a marked decrease in NE release. NE clearance and apparent NE secretion rate are normal in MSA, consistent with a central nervous system dysfunction in regulating the sympathetic nervous system. Neuronal uptake of NE in humans does not appear to be stereoselective.
Hip flexion–abduction to elicit asterixis in unresponsive patients
Authors: Noda Shosaku , Ito Hiroaki , Umezaki Hirotoshi , Minato Seiichiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAsterixis at the hip joints can be elicited by a simple diagnostic maneuver in which the hips are passively flexed and abducted about 60 to 90 degrees between the thighs. The test evoked asterixis in 8 of 10 patients who were stuporous or semicomatose because of hepatic encephalopathy. The asterixis seems to be provoked by the involuntary contraction of hip adductors against gravity.
The clinical spectrum of necrotizing angiopathy of the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Kissel John T. , Slivka Andrew P. , Warmolts John R. , Mendell Jerry R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe peripheral neuropathy seen with necrotizing angiopathy is said to begin classically as a mononeuritis multiplex, usually associated with polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Our experience, however, suggests that a large number of these patients do not have a well‐defined collagen vascular disease or the typical clinical pattern. In 350 consecutive nerve biopsies (sural or superficial radial), 16 patients showed a necrotizing angiopathy in the epineurial blood vessels. Six of these 16 patients had a distal symmetrical sensorimotor poly‐neuropathy. The remaining 10 had a mononeuritis multiplex, although in 8 overlapping nerve involvement somewhat obscured the picture of mononeuritis. In 12 patients, no specific underlying collagen vascular disease could be diagnosed by accepted criteria despite extensive clinical, radiological, and serological evaluations. The peripheral neuropathy was the only objective evidence of vasculitis in 7 of these 12 patients. Our findings suggest that patients with a peripheral neuropathy secondary to necrotizing angiopathy often do not have a definable collagen vascular disease. In fact, peripheral neuropathy may be the sole manifestation of vasculitis. Furthermore, the neuropathy was found to be a distal symmetrical sensorimotor neuropathy in a higher proportion of cases than has been documented previously.
Chronic idiopathic anhidrosis
Authors: Low P. A. , Fealey R. D. , Sheps S. G. , Su W. P. D. , Trautmann J. C. , Kuntz N. L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe the cases of eight patients with chronic idiopathic anhidrosis. These patients were heat intolerant and became hot, flushed, dizzy, dyspneic, and weak but did not sweat when the ambient temperature was high or when they exercised. Four patients had preganglionic sudomotor lesions and in the remaining 4 the lesion appeared to be postganglionic. The patients did not have orthostatic hypotension, other evidence of generalized autonomic failure, or symptomatic somatic neuropathy. One patient regained thermoregulatory sweat function and no patient's condition progressed to generalized autonomic failure. Chronic idiopathic anhidrosis appears to be distinctly different from other autonomic neuropathies that tend to carry much poorer prognoses.
Buccofacial apraxia without aphasia due to a right parietal lesion
Authors: Kramer Joel H. , Delis Dean C. , Nakada Tsutomu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBuccofaciai praxis in right‐handers is thought to be mediated by the left hemisphere. We present the case of a right‐handed man without family history of sinistrality who exhibited a buccofacial apraxia following a unilateral right parietal infarction. Other findings such as intact language, visuospatial impairment, and hemi‐inattention are more characteristic of right posterior lesions.
Influenza B virus model of Reye's syndrome in mice: The effect of aspirin
Authors: Davis Larry E. , Green Carl L. , Wallace Judith M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAspirin is a possible cofactor with influenza B virus in Reye's syndrome. In an attempt to determine whether single or multiple doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) alter mortality in an influenza B virus mouse model of Reye's syndrome, either ASA (300 to 667 mg/kg) or saline was given intraperitoneally to 3‐week‐old Balb/c mice. Two hours later, one median lethal dose (LD50) of influenza B/Lee virus was given intravenously. Mortality was not significantly increased by the single ASA dose. Blood ASA levels rose as high as 68 mg/dl. The average ASA blood levels in mice 12 hours after receiving the virus plus 667 mg/kg ASA was 22.6 mg/dl, which was significantly higher than the 3.4 mg/dl for mice who received saline plus ASA. No significant increase in mortality occurred in mice given 67 mg/kg ASA twice daily for 7 days and one LD50 dose of virus on day 4. We conclude that a single dose of ASA at up to half the median lethal dose or multiple doses of ASA do not significantly increase mortality in this influenza virus model of Reye's syndrome. However, influenza B virus infection appears to interfere with ASA metabolism.
Alternative single anticonvulsant drug therapy for refractory epilepsy
Authors: Schmidt Dieter , Richter Klaus 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFifty‐nine patients with chronic generalized toniclonic or partial seizures refractory to the maximally tolerated daily dosage of single‐drup therapy with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or primidone subsequently received single‐drug therapy with another one of these primary anticonvulsant drugs. Alternative single‐drug therapy resulted in complete seizure control or more than 75% seizure reduction for 18 patients (31%). Side effects disappeared in 16 patients (27%). Patients with a good therapeutic response often had epilepsy of recent onset. Alternative single‐drug therapy is beneficial for chronic refractory epilepsy and should be considered before a second drug is permanently added.
Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic–ischemic brain damage
Authors: Rothman Steven M. , Olney John W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInformation obtained over the past 25 years indicates that the amino acid glutamate functions as a fast excitatory transmitter in the mammalian brain. Studies completed during the last 15 years have also demonstrated that glutamate is a powerful neurotoxin, capable of killing neurons in the central nervous system when its extracellular concentration is sufficiently high. Recent experiments in a variety of preparations have shown that either blockade of synaptic transmission or the specific antagonism of postsynaptic glutamate receptors greatly diminishes the sensitivity of central neurons to hypoxia and ischemia. These experiments suggest that glutamate plays a key role in ischemic brain damage, and that drugs which decrease the accumulation of glutamate or block its postsynaptic effects may be a rational therapy for stroke.
Phenytoin neuropathy: Structural changes in the sural nerve
Authors: Ramirez José A. , Mendell Jerry R. , Warmolts John R. , Griggs Robert C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPhenytoin has been implicated as a causative agent in peripheral neuropathy, although structural changes in nerve have not been characterized. A 47‐year‐old man was seen with clinical and electrophysiological signs of peripheral neuropathy after 30 years of phenytoin administration. Despite a modest dose of phenytoin (300 mg/day) blood levels were 31 to 38 μg/ml. A sural nerve biopsy showed a loss of large myelinated nerve fibers and a nonrandom clustered distribution of segmental demyelination and remyelination. The latter findings were accompanied by axonal shrinkage. Sixteen months after phenytoin was stopped, the patient's clinical and electrophysiological findings reflected improvement. These data indicate that long‐term phenytoin administration can cause a reversible neuropathy characterized by axonal shrinkage and secondary demyelination.
Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Clinical and neuropathological findings in 27 patients
Authors: Navia Bradford A. , Petito Carol K. , Gold Jonathan W. M. , Cho Eun‐Sook , Jordan Barry D. , Price Richard W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe reviewed the clinical, neuroradiological, and serological findings in 27 patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, 19 of whom were also analyzed neuropathologically. The clinical manifestations of this disorder varied, ranging from headache and fever to coma. However, the characteristic presentation included focal neurological symptoms and signs, usually of subacute onset. In addition, two‐thirds of the patients exhibited more generalized cerebral dysfunction with confusion and lethargy. The computed tomographic (CT) scan most commonly revealed ring contrast enhancement, which appeared to correlate best with the histological presence of vascular proliferation and inflammation surrounding the abscesses. However, in 5 patients the CT scan revealed either homogeneous enhancement or no enhancement, and in 3 patients the scans were negative. In general, CT scans underrepresented the number of lesions eventually documented pathologically. Double‐dose contrast administration and preliminary experience with magnetic resonance imaging suggested that these techniques were superior to standard CT scanning in detecting Toxoplasma lesions. All patients were seropositive for IgG antibody against Toxoplasma gondii in blood, both before the onset of illness and at the time of presentation, although titers in some patients were as low as 1:8 and most patients did not exhibit rising titers. Prompt therapy resulted in rapid clinical improvement, documented by CT scan, associated with the development of an organizing tissue response in the host and elimination of free organisms. Response to treatment was sufficiently rapid in most patients to allow a trial of therapy as the favored approach to diagnosis.
Regional distribution of amino acid transmitters in postmortem brains of presenile and senile dementia of Alzheimer type
Authors: Sasaki Hidenao , Muramoto Osamu , Kanazawa Ichiro , Arai Heii , Kosaka Kenji , Iizuka Reiji 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe measured the concentrations of glutamate, asparate, and γ‐aminobutyrate (GABA) in cortical and subcortical areas by an enzymatic fluorometric method in 9 patients with histologically verified Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT), and in 10 age‐matched normal control subjects. When compared with controls, the concentration of glutamate in cortical and subcortical areas of AD/SDAT brains was significantly reduced. The concentrations of aspartate and GABA were also reduced in several areas, but the magnitude of reduction was less than that of glutamate. This apparent reduction of glutamate in postmortem brains might have a bearing on pathophysiological mechanisms in AD/SDAT.
Effect of thymectomy on blood T‐cell subsets in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Cox Adele , Lisak Robert P. , Skolnik Paul , Zweiman Burton 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe studied peripheral blood mononuclear T‐cell subsets in 23 patients with myasthenia gravis who had undergone thymectomy at least one year before study. An increase in the T4+/T8+ (helper‐inducer/suppressor‐cytotoxic cell) ratio was seen, similar to that previously reported in nonthymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis. Six patients were studied before and after thymectomy and no consistent alteration in the pattern of T‐cell subsets was detected. We were not able to demonstrate a quantitative effect of thymectomy on peripheral blood mononuclear T‐cell subsets in patients with myasthenia gravis.
Somatosympathetic reflex unilateral sweating and pupillary dilatation in a paraplegic man
Authors: Saper Clifford B. , DeMarchena Octavio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSympathetic spinal reflex responses to painful stimuli have been studied in experimental animals, but have rarely been demonstrated in human beings. We report the case of a paraplegic man with a high thoracic sensory level to pain, who developed unilateral pupillodilatation and sweating from the head to the midthoracic region as a response to rib fractures below the sensory level. This regional sympathetic reflex response was similar in many ways to that seen in spinally transected animals. Regional sympathetic reflex responses may provide a clinically useful sign of a painful and perhaps dangerous condition which is located below the analgesic level in spinal cord–injured patients.