bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive divergence of seasonal heart plasticity between Canadian and Spanish pumpkinseed sunfish populations
Authors: Procopio S. M. , Studden B. M. , Axelrod C. J. , Laberge F. , Robinson B. W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLaboratory experiments suggest that reversible changes in the heart ventricle phenotype of fish accompany acclimation to temperature change to maintain cardiac function, but related work in fish living in natural conditions is scant. We investigated seasonal variation in heart ventricular mass and collagen content in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) living in outdoor ponds where they experienced high seasonality conditions. Additionally, we compared populations adapted to high and low seasonality to evaluate potential divergence in seasonal heart plasticity. Heart ventricular mass decreased in the summer compared to colder seasons only in populations adapted to high seasonality. The absence of seasonal variation in ventricular mass in sunfish adapted to low seasonality was not due to changes in foraging activity, suggesting a loss of ventricle size plasticity due to either costs of plasticity or relaxed selection. Seasonal variation in ventricle collagen content also occurred, with the highest collagen content in summer regardless of population adaptation to high or low seasonality. Only the proportion of thick collagen fibres changed across seasons. We conclude that natural seasonal cues induce plastic responses in some functional heart traits and propose that these responses can rapidly diverge among populations under different seasonal regimes.
Commercial policies, unilateral versus bilateral foreign ownership, and welfare
Authors: Chang Yang‐Ming , Dong Quan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how cross‐border ownership and restrictions affect commercial policies optimally chosen by the government of an importing country. Focusing on import competition in an oligopoly market served by two local producers and a foreign firm, we study and compare two partial ownership arrangements without corporate control: unilateral ownership by the foreign firm over a local producer and bilateral ownership between the two entities. The main findings are as follows: (i) When foreign ownership is unilateral, the optimal trade and industrial policies are an import tariff and a production subsidy, respectively. (ii) When foreign ownership is bilateral, the trade policy can be an import subsidy, and the industrial policy is a production subsidy. These results differ from the benchmark equilibrium without ownership, under which the optimal policy mix consists of an import tariff and a production subsidy. (iii) Unilateral foreign ownership always reduces domestic welfare. However, bilateral foreign ownership can increase domestic welfare when local producers' cost disadvantages are substantially high. (iv) Considering the usual lump‐sum transfer for a balanced budget, bilateral ownership entails a lower public burden than two other scenarios for the government to finance its strategic use of trade and industrial policies.
Can professional nursing value claims be refused? Might nursing values be accepted provisionally and tentatively?
Authors: Lipscomb Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractValue–act relationships are less secure than is commonly supposed and this insecurity is leveraged to address two questions. First, can nurses refuse professional value claims (e.g., claims regarding care and compassion)? Second, even when value claims are accepted, might values be held provisionally and tentatively? These questions may seem absurd. Nurses deliver care and nursing is, we are told, a profession the members of which hold and share values. However, focusing attention on the problematic nature of professional value claims qua claims permits a more conciliatory and realistic stance to be taken towards nurses holding alternative values and value interpretations. This could prove beneficial.
Effect of clarithromycin in a case of infantile bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Ghaoui Nohra , Hamie Lamiaa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough rare, cases of infantile or childhood bullous pemphigoid are increasingly being reported in the literature. Treatment challenges, which are amplified in infancy, necessitate balancing efficacy and avoiding long‐term risks. In this report, clarithromycin was successfully used to establish and maintain disease remission, offering insights into its immunomodulatory effects, making it a compelling steroid‐sparing choice with a favorable side effect profile.
Analyzing secretory proteins in human dermal fibroblast‐conditioned medium for angiogenesis: A bioinformatic approach
Authors: Suh Sang Bum , Suh Ji Youn , Cho Sung Bin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe conditioned medium from human dermal fibroblasts (dermal fibroblast‐conditioned medium; DFCM) contains a diverse array of secretory proteins, including growth factors and wound repair‐promoting proteins. Angiogenesis, a crucial process that facilitates the infiltration of inflammatory cells during wound repair, is induced by a hypoxic environment and inflammatory cytokines.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of 337 proteins identified through proteomics analysis of DFCM. We specifically focused on 64 DFCM proteins with potential involvement in angiogenesis. These proteins were further classified based on their characteristics, and we conducted a detailed analysis of their protein–protein interactions.ResultsGene Ontology protein classification categorized these 64 DFCM proteins into various classes, including metabolite interconversion enzymes (N = 11), protein modifying enzymes (N = 10), protein‐binding activity modulators (N = 9), cell adhesion molecules (N = 6), extracellular matrix proteins (N = 6), transfer/carrier proteins (N = 3), calcium‐binding proteins (N = 2), chaperones (N = 2), cytoskeletal proteins (N = 2), RNA metabolism proteins (N = 1), intercellular signal molecules (N = 1), transporters (N = 1), scaffold/adaptor proteins (N = 1), and unclassified proteins (N = 9). Furthermore, our protein–protein interaction network analysis of DFCM proteins revealed two distinct networks: one with medium confidence level interaction scores, consisting of 60 proteins with significant connections, and another at a high confidence level, comprising 52 proteins with significant interactions.ConclusionsOur bioinformatic analysis highlights the presence of a multitude of secretory proteins in DFCM that form significant protein–protein interaction networks crucial for regulating angiogenesis. These findings underscore the critical roles played by DFCM proteins in various stages of angiogenesis during the wound repair process.
The MdCBF1/2‐MdTST1/2 module regulates sugar accumulation in response to low temperature in apple
Authors: Li Baiyun , Qu Shengtao , Kang Jiayi , Peng Yunjing , Yang Nanxiang , Ma Baiquan , Ruan Yong‐Ling , Ma Fengwang , Li Mingjun , Zhu Lingcheng 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYSoluble sugar content is a key component in controlling fruit flavor, and its accumulation in fruit is largely determined by sugar metabolism and transportation. When the diurnal temperature range is greater, the fleshy fruits accumulated more soluble sugars and become more sweeter. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this response remains largely unknown. In this study, we verified that low‐temperature treatment promoted soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruit and found that this was due to the upregulation of the Tonoplast Sugar Transporter genes MdTST1/2. A combined strategy using assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin (ATAC) sequencing and gene expression and cis‐acting elements analyses, we identified two C‐repeat Binding Factors, MdCBF1 and MdCBF2, that were induced by low temperature and that might be upstream transcription factors of MdTST1/2. Further studies established that MdCBF1/2 could bind to the promoters of MdTST1/2 and activate their expression. Overexpression of MdCBF1 or MdCBF2 in apple calli and fruit significantly upregulated MdTST1/2 expression and increased the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Suppression of MdTST1 and/or MdTST2 in an MdCBF1/2‐overexpression background abolished the positive effect of MdCBF1/2 on sugar accumulation. In addition, simultaneous silencing of MdCBF1/2 downregulated MdTST1/2 expression and apple fruits failed to accumulate more sugars under low‐temperature conditions, indicating that MdCBF1/2‐mediated sugar accumulation was dependent on MdTST1/2 expression. Hence, we concluded that the MdCBF1/2‐MdTST1/2 module is crucial for sugar accumulation in apples in response to low temperatures. Our findings provide mechanistic components coordinating the relationship between low temperature and sugar accumulation as well as new avenues to improve fruit quality.
The degradation of a nonylphenol isomer in water and soil of typical sewage irrigation area in China
Authors: Liu Min , Zhao Liangyuan , Deng Wei , Zhang Caixiang , Liao Xiaoping , Huang Huawei , Han Cheng , Hu Yuan , Wu Mengmeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNonylphenols (NPs), one of the known endocrine disrupting organic pollutants, had received full attention for their estrogenic potency and ubiquitous distribution in the environment. Due to its chemical properties and compositions of technical nonylphenols (tNPs), which was persistent and soil environments for a long time and affect the ecosystem vigorously, degradation behaviour of a nonylphenol isomer (NP38) and the para‐substituded nonylphenols (4‐NPs) in water and soil was compared in this study. The results showed that the 4‐NPs and NP38 could be degraded under the mercury lamp in ultrapure water, 90% of 4‐NPs and NP38 were photodegradated in 2 h, but the removal rate of the 4‐NPs was slightly faster than the NP38. The NP38 was almost completely decay under the UV in 120 min. The active species (NO3− and Fe3+) were benefit for the photogradation of NP38 and presented higher efficiency under the higher concentration. The biodegradable curves of the 4‐NPs and NP38 in the SS (The soil from sewage irrigation area) were similar, 84% of the NP38 was removed after 20 days later in SS, the 62.25% of the NP38 was remained after 60 days later in CS (the soil was from the groundwater irrigation area), but the removal rate of the NP38 was nearly two times to the 4‐NPs in the CS, and the structure of the nonylphenol isomers with α‐quaternary had influenced on its degradation in soils. The study was helpful for better understanding the migration and transformation behaviour of NPs and provided scientific basis for accurate assessment of environmental risk of NPs from the sewage irrigation area.
In vitro
activity of manogepix and comparators against infrequently encountered yeast and mold isolates from the SENTRY Surveillance Program (2017–2022)
Authors: Pfaller Michael , Huband Michael , Bien Paul A. , Carvalhaes Cecilia G. , Klauer Abby , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Manogepix is a potent new antifungal agent targeting the fungal Gwt1 enzyme. Manogepix has previously demonstrated potent
in vitro
activity against clinical isolates of both
Candida
(except
Candida krusei
) and
Aspergillus
species. This study determined the
in vitro
activity of manogepix and comparators against a large collection of infrequently encountered yeast and molds. Manogepix demonstrated potent
in vitro
activity against infrequently encountered yeasts exhibiting elevated MIC values to other drug classes, including
Candida
spp. (MIC
50/90
, 0.008/0.12 mg/L),
Saprochaete clavata
(
Magnusiomyces clavatus
) (MIC
50/90
, 0.03/0.06 mg/L),
Magnusiomyces capitatus
(MIC
range
, 0.016-0.06 mg/L),
Rhodotorula minuta
(MIC, 0.016 mg/L), and
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
(MIC
50/90
, 0.03/0.12 mg/L). Similarly, manogepix was active against infrequently encountered mold isolates and strains exhibiting elevated MIC/MEC values to echinocandins, azoles, and amphotericin B, including
Coprinopsis cinerea
(MEC, 0.004 mg/L),
Fusarium
spp. (MEC
50/90
, 0.016/0.06 mg/L),
Fusarium
(
Gibberella
)
fujikuroi
species complex (MEC
50/90
, 0.016/0.03 mg/L),
Lomentospora prolificans
(MEC
50/90
, 0.03/0.06 mg/L),
Microascus cirrosus
(MEC, 0.008 mg/L),
Paecilomyces
spp. (MEC
50/90
, ≤0.008/0.016 mg/L),
Pleurostomophora richardsiae
(MEC, 0.06 mg/L),
Sarocladium kiliense
(MEC range, 0.016–0.12 mg/L), and
Scedosporium
spp. (MEC
50/90
, 0.03/0.06 mg/L). Manogepix demonstrated potent activity against a majority of the infrequently encountered yeast and mold isolates tested including strains with elevated MIC/MEC values to other drug classes. Additional clinical development of manogepix (fosmanogepix) in difficult-to-treat, resistant fungal infections is warranted.
Syntrophic microbes involved in the oxidation of short-chain fatty acids in continuous-flow anaerobic digesters treating waste activated sludge with hydrochar
Authors: Shi Zhijian , Zhang Chen , Tan Xuejun , Xie Li , Luo Gang 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The rapid degradation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is an essential issue of anaerobic digestion (AD), in which SCFA oxidizers could generally metabolize in syntrophy with methanogens. The dynamic responses of active metagenome-assembled genomes to low concentrations of propionate and acetate were analyzed to identify specific syntrophic SCFA oxidizers and their metabolic characteristics in continuous-flow AD systems treating waste activated sludge with and without hydrochar. In this study, hydrochar increased methane production by 19%, possibly due to hydrochar enhancing acidification and methanogenesis processes. A putative syntrophic propionate oxidizer and two acetate oxidizers contributed substantially to the syntrophic degradation of SCFAs, and hydrochar positively regulated their functional gene expressions. A significant relationship was established between the replication rate of SCFA oxidizers and their stimulation-related transcriptional activity. Acetate was degraded in the hydrochar group, which might be mainly through the syntrophic acetate oxidizer from the genus
Desulfallas
and methanogens from the genus
Methanosarcina
.

IMPORTANCE
Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) degradation is an important process in the methanogenic ecosystem. However, current knowledge of this microbial mechanism is mainly based on studies on a few model organisms incubated as mono- or co-cultures or in enrichments, which cannot provide appropriate evidence in complex environments. Here, this study revealed the microbial mechanism of a hydrochar-mediated anaerobic digestion (AD) system promoting SCFA degradation at the species level and identified key SCFA oxidizing bacteria. Our analysis provided new insights into the SCFA oxidizers involved in the AD of waste activated sludge facilitated by hydrochar.
Nutrition of
Escherichia coli
within the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Doranga Sudhir , Krogfelt Karen A. , Cohen Paul S. , Conway Tyrrell 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

In this chapter, we update our 2004 review of “The Life of Commensal
Escherichia coli
in the Mammalian Intestine” (
https://doi.org/10.1128/ecosalplus.8.3.1.2
), with a change of title that reflects the current focus on “Nutrition of
E. coli
within the Intestinal Microbiome.” The earlier part of the previous two decades saw incremental improvements in understanding the carbon and energy sources that
E. coli
and
Salmonella
use to support intestinal colonization. Along with these investigations of electron donors came a better understanding of the electron acceptors that support the respiration of these facultative anaerobes in the gastrointestinal tract. Hundreds of recent papers add to what was known about the nutrition of commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria. The fact that each biotype or pathotype grows on a different subset of the available nutrients suggested a mechanism for succession of commensal colonizers and invasion by enteric pathogens. Competition for nutrients in the intestine has also come to be recognized as one basis for colonization resistance, in which colonized strain(s) prevent colonization by a challenger. In the past decade, detailed investigations of fiber- and mucin-degrading anaerobes added greatly to our understanding of how complex polysaccharides support the hundreds of intestinal microbiome species. It is now clear that facultative anaerobes, which usually cannot degrade complex polysaccharides, live in symbiosis with the anaerobic degraders. This concept led to the “restaurant hypothesis,” which emphasizes that facultative bacteria, such as
E. coli
, colonize the intestine as members of mixed biofilms and obtain the sugars they need for growth locally through cross-feeding from polysaccharide-degrading anaerobes. Each restaurant represents an intestinal niche. Competition for those niches determines whether or not invaders are able to overcome colonization resistance and become established. Topics centered on the nutritional basis of intestinal colonization and gastrointestinal health are explored here in detail.
Aerobic glycolysis of bronchial epithelial cells rewires
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia and promotes bacterial elimination
Authors: He Jun , Xiu Feichen , Chen Yiwen , Yang Yan , Liu Hongwei , Xi Yixuan , Liu Lu , Li Xinru , Wu Yueyue , Luo Haodang , Chen Liesong , Ding Nan , Hu Jun , Chen En , You Xiaoxing 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The immune response to
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
infection plays a key role in clinical symptoms. Previous investigations focused on the pro-inflammatory effects of leukocytes and the pivotal role of epithelial cell metabolic status in finely modulating the inflammatory response have been neglected. Herein, we examined how glycolysis in airway epithelial cells is affected by
M. pneumoniae
infection in an
in vitro
model. Additionally, we investigated the contribution of ATP to pulmonary inflammation. Metabolic analysis revealed a marked metabolic shift in bronchial epithelial cells during
M. pneumoniae
infection, characterized by increased glucose uptake, enhanced aerobic glycolysis, and augmented ATP synthesis. Notably, these metabolic alterations are orchestrated by adaptor proteins, MyD88 and TRAM. The resulting synthesized ATP is released into the extracellular milieu via vesicular exocytosis and pannexin protein channels, leading to a substantial increase in extracellular ATP levels. The conditioned medium supernatant from
M. pneumoniae
-infected epithelial cells enhances the secretion of both interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, partially mediated by the P2X7 purine receptor (P2X7R).
In vivo
experiments confirm that addition of a conditioned medium exacerbates pulmonary inflammation, which can be attenuated by pre-treatment with a P2X7R inhibitor. Collectively, these findings highlight the significance of airway epithelial aerobic glycolysis in enhancing the pulmonary inflammatory response and aiding pathogen clearance.
Increased privatization of a public resource leads to spread of cooperation in a microbial population
Authors: Raj Namratha , Saini Supreet 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The phenomenon of cooperation is prevalent at all levels of life. In one such manifestation of cooperation in microbial communities, some cells produce costly extracellular resources that are freely available to others. These resources are referred to as public goods.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
secretes invertase (public good) in the periplasm to hydrolyze sucrose into glucose and fructose, which are then imported by the cells. After hydrolysis of sucrose, a cooperator retains only 1% of the monosaccharides, while 99% of the monosaccharides diffuse into the environment and can be utilized by any cell. The non-producers of invertase (cheaters) exploit the invertase-producing cells (cooperators) by utilizing the monosaccharides and not paying the metabolic cost of producing the invertase. In this work, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of this cheater-cooperator system. In a co-culture, if cheaters are selected for their higher fitness, the population will collapse. On the other hand, for cooperators to survive in the population, a strategy to increase fitness would likely be required. To understand the adaptation of cooperators in sucrose, we performed a coevolution experiment in sucrose. Our results show that cooperators increase in fitness as the experiment progresses. This phenomenon was not observed in environments which involved a non-public good system. Genome sequencing reveals duplication of several
HXT
transporters in the evolved cooperators. Based on these results, we hypothesize that increased privatization of the monosaccharides is the most likely explanation of spread of cooperators in the population.

IMPORTANCE
How is cooperation, as a trait, maintained in a population? In order to answer this question, we perform a coevolution experiment between two strains of yeast—one which produces a public good to release glucose and fructose in the media, thus generating a public resource, and the other which does not produce public resource and merely benefits from the presence of the cooperator strain. What is the outcome of this coevolution experiment? We demonstrate that after ~200 generations of coevolution, cooperators increase in frequency in the co-culture. Remarkably, in all parallel lines of our experiment, this is obtained via duplication of regions which likely allow greater privatization of glucose and fructose. Thus, increased privatization, which is intuitively thought to be a strategy against cooperation, enables spread of cooperation.