bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, characterization and biological activity of betulinic acid and ursolic acid from Vitex negundo L.
Authors: Chandramu C. , Manohar Rao D. , Krupadanam David G. L. , Dashavantha Reddy V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTwo pentacyclic triterpenoids, betulinic acid (3β‐hydroxylup‐20‐(29)‐en‐28‐oic acid) (3), and ursolic acid (2β‐hydroxyurs‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid) (4), were isolated for the first time from leaves of Vitex negundo L. along with three other compounds; an aliphatic alcohol n‐hentriacontanol (1), β‐sitosterol (2) and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (5). Their antifeedant activity against the larvae of an agricultural pest, the castor semilooper (Achoea janata), in a no‐choice laboratory assay and their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, by the paper disc method, were tested. Ursolic acid (4) showed more effective antifeedant activity than the betulinic acid (3). However, both these compounds have shown a very mild antibacterial activity. The other three compounds; n‐hentriacontanol (1), β‐sitosterol (2) and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (5) have shown a little antifeedant activity against the larvae and did not show any antibacterial activity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of intraduodenal application of peppermint oil (WS® 1340) and caraway oil (WS® 1520) on gastroduodenal motility in healthy volunteers
Authors: Micklefield George , Jung Oliver , Greving Irmgard , May Burkard 
Published: February 2003

AbstractEnteric‐coated preparations containing a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination (e.g. Enteroplant®) are widely used in patients with functional dyspepsia. The effect of a separate intraduodenal application of the active ingredients of Enteroplant® (90 mg peppermint oil (WS® 1340), 50 mg caraway oil (WS® 1520) per capsule) and of a hydrophobic phase galenic auxiliary material contained in the Enteroplant® formulation (dose as contained per capsule) on gastroduodenal motility were studied with stationary manometry in healthy volunteers. The carrier demanded by the experimental setup also served as a control. The results showed that: (1) during phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC) the frequency and duration of contractions showed a significant decrease in the duodenum for WS® 1340; (2) WS® 1520 significantly reduced the contraction amplitudes in the duodenum during phase I and II of the MMC; (3) trends for decreased values were seen for WS® 1340 in the gastric corpus and duodenum and for WS® 1520 in the gastric antrum; (4) in the gastric corpus the duration of contractions was significantly reduced after application of WS® 1340 during phases I and II of the MMC; (5) WS® 1520 significantly reduced the contraction amplitudes and the duration of contractions in the gastric corpus during phase III of the MMC; (6) for the hydrophobic phase a moderate but significant decrease of duration of contractions in the duodenum and of frequency of contractions in the gastric corpus was seen. No adverse events were observed during the study. In conclusion, it could be shown that both WS® 1340 and WS® 1520 contribute to the efficacy of Enteroplant®. They act locally in the stomach and duodenum to produce smooth‐muscle relaxation. The effects of the active ingredients WS® 1340 and WS® 1520 substantially exceed the effects observed with the galenic auxiliary material and the carrier, respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oral administration ofHypericum perforatum extract (St. John's Wort) on skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB, UVA, visible light and solar simulated radiation
Authors: Schempp Christoph M. , Winghofer Barbara , Müller Knut , Schulte‐Mönting Jürgen , Mannel Marcus , Schöpf Erwin , Simon Jan C. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractHypericin from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a photosensitizing agent that may cause a severe photodermatitis when higher amounts of St John's wort are ingested by animals. Although Hypericum extracts are widely used in the treatment of depressive disorders, only a little information on the photosensitizing capacity of St John's wort in humans is available. In the present prospective randomized study we investigated the effect of the Hypericum extract LI 160 on skin sensitivity to ultraviolet B (UVB), ultraviolet A (UVA), visible light (VIS) and solar simulated radiation (SIM). Seventy two volunteers of skin types II and III were included and were divided into six groups, each consisting of 12 volunteers. In the single‐dose study the volunteers (n = 48) received 6 or 12 coated tablets (5400 or 10 800 μg hypericin). In the steady‐state study the volunteers (n = 24) received an initial dose of 6 tablets (5400 μg hypericin), and subsequently 3 × 1 tablets (2700 μg hypericin) per day for 7 days. Phototesting was performed on the volar forearms prior to medication and 6 h after the last administration of Hypericum extract. The erythema‐index and melanin‐index were evaluated photometrically using a mexameter. After both single‐dose and steady‐state administration, no significant influence on the erythema‐index or melanin‐index could be detected, with the exception of a marginal influence on UVB induced pigmentation (p = 0.0471) in the single‐dose study. The results do not provide evidence for a phototoxic potential of the Hypericum extract LI 160 in humans when administered orally in typical clinical doses up to 1800 mg daily. This is in accordance with previous pharmacokinetic studies that found hypericin serum and skin levels after oral ingestion of Hypericum extract always to be lower than the assumed phototoxic hypericin threshold level of 1000 ng/mL. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of Oren‐Gedoku‐To (Huanglian‐Jie‐Du‐Tang) on free radical‐induced lysis of human red blood cells
Authors: Sekiya Nobuyasu , Shibahara Naotoshi , Sakakibara Iwao , Hattori Naoko , Goto Hirozo , Terasawa Katsutoshi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractOren‐gedoku‐to (Huanglian‐Jie‐Du‐Tang, OGT) has been used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, gastritis and liver disease in Japan. The present study was to test our hypothesis that ingestion of Oren‐gedoku‐to extract (TJ‐15) would protect red blood cell (RBC) membrane from free radical‐induced oxidation if antioxidants in OGT could be absorbed and circulated in blood. When incubated with RBC suspension, OGT and its four constituting herbs provided strong protection for RBC membrane to hemolysis induced by 2,2‐azo‐bis (2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), an azo free radical initiator. The inhibitory effect was in a dose‐dependent manner at concentrations of 5 μg/ml to 500 μg/ml. Furthermore, the ingestion of 7.5 g of OGT (daily dose) was associated with a significant decrease in susceptibility of RBC to hemolysis in humans. The direct protection of RBC membrane from free‐radical attack as observed in the present study could provide an important pathophysiological basis for making use of the favorable hemorheological effect of OGT. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.)
Authors: Couladis M. , Chinou I. B. , Tzakou O. , Petrakis P. V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe composition and the antimicrobial activity of the aerial parts of Hypericum rumeliacum are reported. Analysis was carried out by GC/MS. The major constituents were α‐pinene (43.80%), β‐pinene (9.82%), dehydro‐aromadendrene (6.81%) and α‐copaene (5.41%). The essential oil showed a moderate in vitro activity against the six Gram negative and positive bacteria and a stronger one against the three‐tested pathogenic activity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxic Activity of Chalcones Isolated from Lonchocarpus Sericeus (Pocr.) Kunth
Authors: Cunha Geanne M. de Andrade , Fontenele Juvenia Bezerra , Nobre Júnior Hélio V. , de Sousa Francisco C. M. , Silveira Edilberto R. , Nogueira Nádia A. P. , de Moraes Manoel Odorico , Viana Glauce S. B. , Costa‐Lotufo Letícia V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn the present study, it was demonstrated that the hexanic extract obtained from the roots of Lonchocarpus sericeus and one of its major components, derricin, but not lonchocarpin, show cytotoxic activity to fertilized sea urchin eggs. Both inhibited the first cleavage of sea urchin eggs in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC50 of 30.4 (26.2–35.3) μg/mL for the crude extract and 51.2 (42.1–62.3) μg/mL for derricin (n = 6, in both cases). Furthermore, the hexanic extract of L. sericeus, and the isolated compounds, derricin and lonchocarpin showed cytotoxicity against CEM leukaemic cell line (IC50 = 17.6 (13.7–22.6), 13.0 (12.0–14.0) and 10.4 (5.6–19.1) μg/ml (n = 6), respectively). When these substances (6.25 to 125 μg/25 μL) were examined for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, none of them were found to be active. Neither the hexanic extract, nor the isolated compounds derricin and lonchocarpin (0.5 to 250 μg/mL) presented hemolytic activity. These results indicated a possible antimitotic activity of L. sericeus crude extract and their major constituents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of triterpenes isolated from Hoelen on free radical‐induced lysis of red blood cells
Authors: Sekiya Nobuyasu , Goto Hirozo , Shimada Yutaka , Endo Yuichi , Sakakibara Iwao , Terasawa Katsutoshi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractHoelen, sclederma of Poria cocos Wolf, has long been used as a sedative and diuretic in traditional medicine. Formerly, we demonstrated that Hoelen in vitro protects red blood cells from AAPH‐induced hemolysis. In this study, tests were carried out to identify the main ingredient of Hoelen that has the scavenging effect on free‐radicals. Triterpene carboxylic acids isolated from the methanol extract of Hoelen, i.e. pachymic acid, polyporenic acid, 3‐epidehydrotumulosic acid, 3β‐hydroxylanosta‐7,9(11), 24‐trien‐21‐oic acid and 3‐o‐acetyl‐16 α ‐hydroxytrametenolic acid, were found to have inhibitory activities against AAPH‐induced lysis of red blood cells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds
Authors: Khan M. A. U. , Ashfaq M. K. , Zuberi H. S. , Mahmood M. S. , Gilani A. H. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe effect of an aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds was studied on candidiasis in mice. An intravenous inoculum of Candida albicans produced colonies of the organism in the liver, spleen and kidneys. Treatment of mice with the plant extract (6.6 mL/kg equivalent to 5 mg of estimated protein, once daily for 3 days) 24 h after the inoculation caused a considerable inhibitory effect on the growth of the organism in all organs studied. A 5‐fold decrease in Candida in kidneys, 8‐fold in liver and 11‐fold in spleen was observed in the groups of animals post‐treated with the plant extract. Histopathological examination of the respective organs confirmed these findings. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds exhibits inhibitory effect against candidiasis and this study validates the traditional use of the plant in fungal infections. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Spatholobi caulis on tumour cell aggregation and migration
Authors: Kang In‐Cheol , Kim Seung‐Ae , Song Gyu Yong , Baek Nam‐In , Park Young‐Doo , Ryu Shi Yong , Saiki Ikuo , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe ethyl acetate (EA) fraction obtained from a methanol extract of Spatholobi caulis (Leguminosae) has been investigated for anti‐metastatic activities in vitro. The EA fraction of Spatholobi caulis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by B16BL6 melanoma cells with an IC50 of 50 μg/mL. The EA fraction significantly inhibited HT1080 cancer cell invasion through a matrigel‐coated filter with an IC50 of 25 μg/mL. Messenger RNA expression of uPA was effectively decreased in HT1080 cells by the EA fraction of Spatholobi caulis with an IC50 of 30 μg/mL, but the expressions of MMP‐2 (matrix metalloproteinase) and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) were not changed. These findings indicated that the EA fraction suppressed tumour cell invasion by downregulation of uPA (urokinase‐type plasminogen activator). Taken together, these results suggest that the EA fraction of Spatholobi caulis may have anti‐metastatic activities by blocking tumour cell‐induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) and tumour cell invasion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelium‐dependent contraction of rat thoracic aorta induced by gallic acid
Authors: Sanae Fujiko , Miyaichi Yukinori , Hayashi Hisao 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe vascular effect of a component of hydrolysable tannins, gallic acid, was examined in isolated rat thoracic aorta. Gallic acid exerted a contractile effect on the phenylephrine‐ or prostaglandin F2/α‐precontracted endothelium‐intact arteries. In endothelium‐denuded arteries, the contractile response to­gallic acid was absent. Pretreatment with NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (30 μM) abolished the gallic acid‐induced contraction. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 μM) or BQ610 (100 nM) had no observed effect. Pretreatment with gallic acid (1–10 μM) significantly attenuated the relaxation induced by acetylcholine, and that with 10 μM gallic acid also reduced the potency of sodium nitroprusside in the relaxation, without a reduction in efficacy, in endothelium‐denuded arteries. These findings indicate that gallic acid induced endothelium‐dependent contraction and strongly inhibited the endothelium‐dependent relaxation rather than the endothelium‐independent relaxation, probably through inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production. Since NO plays an important role in vasodilative regulation and inflammatory disorders, these findings may also indicate that gallic acid interferes with the inflammatory responses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurothamnus maximus and Vicoa pentanema
Authors: Muhammad Ilias , Takamatsu Satoshi , Mossa Jaber S. , El‐Feraly Farouk S. , Walker Larry A. , Clark Alice M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe aerial parts of Centaurothamnus maximus yielded three cytotoxic guaianolides, chlorojanerin (1), cynaropicrin (2) and janerin (3). The structure elucidation of 1–3 was based on 1H and 13C NMR data, mainly 2D‐NMR 1H‐1H COSY and 1H‐13C HETCOR experiments. Compounds 1–3 showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines of malignant melanoma (SK‐MEL), epidermoid (KB), ductal (BT‐549) and ovarian (SK‐OV‐3) carcinomas with IC50 values of 2–6 μg/mL. In addition, 12 sesquiterpene lactones (4–15), isolated previously from the aerial parts of Vicoa pentanema, were evaluated for cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. 2α‐ Acetoxy‐3β‐hydroxyalantolactone (10) and 8β‐hydroxyparthenolide (14) were found to be the main cytotoxic agents (IC50 values of 2–6 μg/mL against SK‐MEL, BT‐549 and SK‐OV‐3), while lactones 4, 5, 11 and 15 selectively inhibited the growth of human malignant melonoma (IC50 value of 3.6–7.3 μg/mL). Cell aggregation and cell adhesion assays, using HL‐60 and HeLa cell lines, evaluated the effect of cytotoxic constituents 1–3, 10 and 14 on immune response and inflammation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antifungal, antioxidant and larvicidal activities of compounds isolated from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei
Authors: Tiew P. , Ioset J.‐R. , Kokpol U. , Chavasiri W. , Hostettmann K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractEleven compounds isolated from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei were tested for their antifungal activities against Cladosporium cucumerinum and Candida albicans, as well as for their larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti and radical scavenging properties in a DPPH assay. Mansonone C (4) was found to be the most interesting compound with antifungal activities against Cladosporium cucumerinum and Candida albicans as well as for its larvicidal properties against Aedes aegypti. Mansonone E (5) was active against Cladosporium cucumerinum and Candida albicans. Two coumarin derivatives, mansorin A (1) and mansorin B (2) were also found to be active against Cladosporium cucumerinum, while mansonone N (9) was the only isolated product to show radical scavenging properties. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of some Greek aromatic plants for antioxidant activity
Authors: Couladis Maria , Tzakou Olga , Verykokidou Evmorfia , Harvala Catherine 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe role of antioxidants in preventing oxygen radical and hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity and tissue damage in various human diseases is increasingly recognized. In this study the in vitro antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts obtained from 21 aromatic plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family was investigated. Of the extracts tested, those of Salvia ringens, Salvia pomifera, Stachys spruneri, Origanum dictamnus, Phlomis lanata, Ballota pseudodictamnus, Ballota acetabulosa, Teucrium polium, Calamintha glandulosa and Micromeria graeca exhibited the same activity as α‐tocopherol. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) effects on fibrinogen and lipid plasma level in rats fed on a high‐fat diet
Authors: Cicero A. F. G. , Vitale G. , Savino G. , Arletti R. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that notoginsenoides improve diastolic function in hypertensive subjects, induce the fibrinolytic system in in vitro models and act as antiproliferative agents on vessel leiomyocytes. Our aim was to evaluate their effect on fibrinogen and lipid plasma levels compared with a well‐known HMGCoA reductase inhibitor. Seventy Wistar male adult rats on a fat‐enriched diet were treated orally with P. notoginseng pulverized root (43 mg/kg/day or 86 mg/kg/day; 20 animals per group), fluvastatin (3 mg/kg/day; 20 animals) or physiological saline (5 mL/kg/day; 10 animals). The ten rats on a normocaloric diet were also treated with 5 mL/kg/day of physiological saline. After a 28‐day treatment, the rats were killed and their blood analysed with standard procedures. Treatment with 43 mg/kg/day of P. notoginseng or 3 mg/kg/day of fluvastatin showed similar activity in decreasing total cholesterol (−23.70%, −19.29%, respectively) and triglycerides (−21.59%, −18.55%). The most evident effect of P. notoginseng was the reduction of fibrinogenaemia in treated rats compared with the control values (−38.10%; p < 0.001), no dose‐relationship being shown in this effect. Moreover, no significant variation in HDL cholesterol and glucose levels was observed nor did relevant behavioural changes occur in association with the root intake. Besides a moderate, non dose‐related decrease in the plasma lipid levels, P. notoginseng appeared to induce a significant reduction in the rat fibrinogenaemia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Garlic as an antioxidant: the good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: Banerjee S. K. , Mukherjee Pulok K. , Maulik S. K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractGarlic has played an important dietary and medicinal role throughout the history of mankind. In some Western countries, the sale of garlic preparations ranks with those of leading prescription drugs. The therapeutic efficacy of garlic encompasses a wide variety of ailments, including cardiovascular, cancer, hepatic and microbial infections to name but a few. However, the elucidation of its mechanism for therapeutic action has proved to be more elusive and a unifying theory, which could account for its reported multifarious activities, is yet to emerge. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to be at the core of many disease processes and it is an attractive and convenient hypothesis that garlic might exert its activities through modulatory effects on ROS. A literature search on garlic and its antioxidant potential churned up a surprisingly large amount of data, some of it good, some bad and some of its definitely ugly.Various preparations of garlic, mainly aged garlic extract (AGE), have been shown to have promising antioxidant potential. However, the presence of more than one compounds in garlic, with apparently opposite biological effects, has added to the complexity of the subject. Raw garlic homogenate has been reported to exert antioxidant potential but higher doses have been shown to be toxic to the heart, liver and kidney.So where do we stand today on this issue of garlic? Is garlic always good for health? How safe is it? Is it necessary to isolate the antioxidant compounds for its medicinal use in a more effective way? These issues are addressed in this review. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of Vietnamese medicinal plants on tube‐like formation of human umbilical venous cells
Authors: Nam Nguyen‐Hai , Kim Hwan‐Mook , Bae Ki‐Hwan , Ahn Byung‐Zun 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSeven of 58 plant materials from Vietnamese medicinal plants showed strong to moderate inhibitory activity on the tube‐like formation induced by human umbilical venous endothelial cells in the in vitro angiogenesis assay. These plant materials include the herb of Ephedra sinica, leaves and stem of Ceiba pentandra, seed of Coix lachryma‐jobi, rhizome of Drynaria fortunei, fruits and stem of Illicium verum and stem of Bombax ceiba. Of these, the methanol extracts of the herb of Ephedra sinica and stem of ­Ceiba pentandra exhibited the strongest activities with inhibition percentages of 89.3% and 87.5% at 30 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packaging throughout the value chain in the customer perspective marketing mix
Authors: Olsson Annika , Györei Micael 
Published: February 2003

AbstractLauterborn has suggested that McCarthy's 4 P marketing mix classification be viewed by suppliers as the customers' four Cs, i.e. customer value, cost to satisfy, convenience and communication (the 4C perspective).1 This paper seeks to illustrate the impacts of the four Cs on packaging value in the area of fast‐moving consumer goods throughout the whole value chain from the packaging producer to the end‐user, the consumer. Findings from two separate studies regarding trade‐offs in package values between different actors in the value chain, created through development of value‐adding package solutions, are presented and elaborated on. The positive effects of brand advertising can be acknowledged, but they cannot compensate for less efficient packaging. The market need will easily be affected and turned into a higher demand chain pull when creating packaging solutions that will attract retail business. Dynamics in values and trade‐offs were identified, even though requirements from the whole value chain were considered. The packaging solutions created gave the majority of stakeholders in the value chain great advantages, but the lack of dynamism in available infrastructure demanded adaptation that diminished value addition for all actors in the value chain. The contribution of this article is to theorize the 4C concept in the process of package design, taking value chain actor needs and value optimisation into consideration. Furthermore, a suggestion of an evaluation model from the 4C perspective on all value chain actors is presented and elaborated on. Copyright­© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.