bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Of Good and Ill Repute’
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To be labeled “of ill repute” in medieval society implied that a person had committed a violation of accepted standards and had stepped beyond the bounds of permissible behavior. To have a reputation “of good repute”, however, was so powerful as to help a person accused of a crime be acquitted by his or her fellow peers. Labeling a person in medieval times was a complex matter. Often, unwritten codes of behavior determined who was of good repute and who was not. Members of the nobility committing a “fur-collar crime” might have considerable leeway to oppress their neighbors with violence and legal violations; however, a woman caught without appropriate attire and without the proper escort hazarded the label of a “woman of ill repute.” Gender, class, social statutes, wealth, connections, bribes, friends, and the community all played a role in how quickly or how permanently a person’s reputation was damaged. ‘Of Good and Ill Repute’ examines the complex social regulations and stigmatizations that medieval society used to arrive at its decisions about condemnation and exoneration. In eleven interrelated essays, including three previously unpublished works, Hanawalt explores how social control was maintained in Medieval England in the later Middle Ages. Focusing on gender, criminal behavior, law enforcement, arbitration, and cultural rituals of inclusion and exclusion, ‘Of Good and Ill Repute’ reflects the most current scholarship on medieval legal history, cultural history, and gender studies. It looks at the medieval sermons, advice books, manuals of penance, popular poetry, laws, legal treatises, court records, and city and guild ordinances that drew the lines between good and bad behavior. Written in a lively, accessible, and jargon-free style, this text is essential for upper level undergraduate history courses on medieval history and women’s history as well as for English courses on medieval literature.
Analysis Of Georeferenced Na1ural Resources Attribute Variables
Authors: Griffith Daniel A , Layne Larry J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perusing the Proceedings of the first and second international symposia on the spatial accuracy of natural resources and environmental sciences databases (Congalton 1994; Mowrer et al. 1996) reveals that one popular data analytic toolbox used by scientists working in this substantive area is geostatistics; geostatistical methodology for this applications area is summarized in Goovaerts (1997). Particularly within the context of geographic information systems (GISs), many natural resources data sets studied are sizeable and span the spectrum from acreage of forested land and bauxite reserves to zoological georeferenced data. Spatial autocorrelation materializes in these kinds of data mainly due to geographic processes: weather fronts move across regions, species invade a region as they reproduce and migrate, rainfall accumulates and then flows from one place to another, erosion forces tend to be similar in nearby locations, and certain chemicals and minerals percolate or leach through the ground and collect in geological substructure formations. Although a considerable amount of the data analytic work completed with such data has employed geostatistical techniques, this field of research also was the spawning ground for some of the first spatial autoregression model applications (Meade 1967).
Analysis Of Georeferenced Agricultural Yield Variables
Authors: Griffith Daniel A , Layne Larry J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of modem analytical statistics developed hand in hand with advances in agricultural science at the Rothamsted Experimental Station, near Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England, roughly 25 miles from London. This facility, which is the oldest agricultural research station in the world, was established in 1843 by Lawes, who had inherited it as an estate from his father in 1822. Lawes ensured the continuation of the Rothamsted Experimental Station by setting up the Lawes Agricultural Trust in 1889. In 1919, Fisher, who was hired to bring modem statistical methods to the task of analyzing data collected on the station’s Broadbalk field since 1844 (and recorded since 1852), went to Rothamsted, where he obtained much of his statistical inspiration (and data). There Fisher pioneered the applica tion of statistical procedures to the design of scientific experiments, seeking to provide more amounts of useful information with less investments of time, effort, and money, and in doing so devised the analysis of variance technique.
BartÓk’S REVISIONS TO THE OPERA, 1911-1917
Authors: Leafstedt Carl S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Almost a decade lapsed from the time Bluebeard was composed until it appeared in print from the Viennese firm Universal Edition in 1921. For Bart6k, having a major composition lie unperformed and unpublished over an extended period of time was not an altogether unfamiliar situation during the years around World War I, when the disruption of commerce and cultural life, together with the composer’s avowed lack of interest in maintaining a public profile as a musician in Budapest, combined to delay the appearance of works that, in some instances, were composed many years earlier.
The Bluebeard Story At The Turn Of The Century
Authors: Leafstedt Carl S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the subject of his first and only opera, Bart6k turned to a modern retelling of the age-old Bluebeard fairy tale, for centuries a familiar children’s story in France, Germany, and England and elsewhere in Europe. Originally one of the Mother Goose tales written by Charles Perrault, where it kept company with such beloved classics as Cinderella, Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, and Little Red Riding Hood, “Bluebeard “ was first published in story form in 1697, and it quickly became a fixture in the pantheon of world children’s literature. Adults from the eighteenth century onward encountered it in dozens of literary recastings, in operas, and in the theater, where the story of the cruel prince who murders his wives for disobeying him was brought to life with a rich variety of plots, settings, and characters.
Judith The Significance of a Name
Authors: Leafstedt Carl S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a drama imbued with symbolism at every turn, it can hardly be an accident that Balazs chose as the name of Bluebeard’s newest wife the name of the well-known biblical woman who kills a man to save her people. In the early twentieth century, at the time Bart6k and Balazs were writing BLue- 6earJ’.J C{l,jtle, the name Judith was strongly identified in artistic circles with the image of a fatally seductive woman. Like Salome, whose popularity as the subject of artistic representations far surpassed that of Judith’s, Judith was often depicted as a young woman of considerable sexual allure.
Face, Harmony, and Social Structure
Authors: Earley P Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Face, Harmony, and Social Structure continues author P. Christopher Earley's investigations of the differences among people within organizations in different cultures. In this study, Earley develops a mid-range theory of individual behaviour, self-concept, and interpersonal process in predicting cultural differences in organizational settings. This work represents a new theory of self-presentation and face within a cross-cultural context, integrating a cross-level approach ranging from the individual to the organization and to the societal levels of discussion.
In Nebel und Nacht: Hamburg to Berlin1809–1819
Authors: Todd R Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When bankers Joseph and Abraham Mendelssohn established Gebrüder Mendelssohn & Co. in 1805, Hamburg was a thriving center of commerce and shipbuilding with a population of some one hundred thou- sand. It had belonged to the old Hanseatic League and, as a “free city,” was relatively immune to the affairs of neighboring regions. A few de- cades before the brothers opened their firm, Salomon Heine was pursuing the same profession in Hamburg. At his death in 1844 he left a vast fortune of some forty-one million francs; his silver holdings prompted Heinrich Heine to cavil about “that magically powerful metal of which the uncle often has too much and the nephew too little.”
The Second Mozart 1821–1822
Authors: Todd R Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
&gt;At precisely 7:00 P.M. on June 18, 1821, a slightly lame, bespectacled man entered the hall of Schinkel’s Schauspielhaus on the Gendarmenmarkt and limped to the rostrum. This was the Dresden Kapellmeister Carl Maria von Weber, in Berlin to premiere his “romantic opera,” Der Freischütz. As a folksonglike melody wafted from four Waldhörner, the overture exuded a German flavor. The natural horn had been revived in the Arnim- Brentano folk anthology, Des Knaben Wunderhorn (The Youth’s Magic Horn, 1805), and Weber himself would receive the dedication of Wilhelm Müller’s Gedichte “from the Posthumous Papers of a Traveling Waldhorn Player” (1824). Müller’s poems inspired Schubert’s song cycles Die schöne Müllerin and Winterreise—replete with horn calls worked into the pi- ano parts. The male-dominated world of German romanticism centered on sylvan settings in which hunters wandered toward self-actualization; the Waldhorn was their instrument of choice. Among Weber’s audience were Felix and his parents, Dr. Casper, Heinrich Heine, E. T. A. Hoffmann, and scores of veterans of the War of Liberation, their chests emblazoned with Iron Crosses.
The Apostle’s Voice 1835–1837
Authors: Todd R Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Escorting his parents to Berlin, Felix issued guarded bulletins about Lea to his siblings. Hardly were Lea, Abraham, and Felix relaxing on the evening of August 1, 1835, in the familiar comfort of Leipzigerstrasse No. 3, before an uprising erupted against the government. When the authorities for- bade an unruly crowd to celebrate the king’s birthday by firing rockets, one hundred and fifty “young ruffians” provoked the military and vandalized property on August 3 and 4 near Unter den Linden. Felix watched as protests broke out as the military killed innocent bystanders. This disturbing scene turned his mind toward fleeing the “dreadful dump” (abscheulicher Nest). But the “model sick-nurse” stayed through most of the month, “preserved” Lea like an Egyptian mummy in the Berlin Museum, and composed pieces well removed from the social unrest: a festive
Musical Biedermeier 1837–1839
Authors: Todd R Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Palm Sunday 1837 (March 19) found Felix returning with Elisabeth and Cécile to Frankfurt, little more than a week before the wedding. In the expiring days of his bachelorhood, he nervously awaited the delivery of documents, including a certification he was “unusable” (unbrauchbar) for the Prussian military service. On the 23rd papers finally arrived from Konrad Schleinitz in Leipzig attesting Felix was neither a vagabond nor already married. Five days later, several flower-festooned barouches ar- rived at the French Reformed Church. Chains were drawn across the Allée to restrain curious onlookers. Inside the sanctuary, the Frankfurt elite witnessed Auguste Jeanrenaud’s successor, Pastor Paul Joseph Appia, perform the wedding ceremony in French at 11:00 A.M. and preach a sermon on Psalm 92: “It is a good thing to give thanks unto the Lord, and to sing praises unto thy name, O Most High; to show forth thy loving kind- ness in the morning, and thy faithfulness every night, upon an instrument of ten strings, and upon the psaltery; upon the harp with a solemn sound.”
Correctional Treatment
Authors: Gaes Gerald G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Proponents of rehabilitation are encouraged by the results of recent meta-analyses of the correctional treatment literature. This is because they believe that meta-analysis provides sufficient insight to enable the design of programs that maximize treatment effectiveness. To what extent is this renewed optimism warranted? There are promising signals that some interventions reduce recidivism. Yet there is much more research to be done to justify confidence in the effects of correctional interventions, and to understand the conditions under which these interventions work most effectively. The “nothing works” conclusion is unwarranted. However, the “some things work for some people” principle can be construed as trivial unless social scientists can demonstrate that “some things” refers to a well-defined set of interventions and “some people” refers to sizable and definable percentages of the treatment population.
Preparing for the Fall
Authors: Burgees John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While a host of complex political and economic factors brought about the fall of the East German regime in 1989, the role of religious institutions and ideals has special significance. First, in embodying democratic ideals in its own life and in its relations with the state, the Evangelische Kirche spoke to the hopes and aspirations of much of the general population. Second, the church provided the free space in which alternative groups, though small and seemingly powerless, were able to develop an alternative politics that eventually helped stimulate the emergence of a mass, public opposition. Third, and perhaps most important, religious symbols and themes offered the alternative groups a powerful language and vision for articulating the ultimate importance of democratization.
“Who Bridle Leviathan?”
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Washington is filled with darkies,”Whitman wrote his mother in the spring of 1867. “The men & children & wenches swarm in all directions-(! am not sure but the North is like the man that won the elephant in a raffle)” (Corr.,I, 323). Although he hailed the “absolute extirpation and erasure of slavery from the States” as “the greatest revolutionary step in the history of the United States, (perhaps the greatest of the world, our century),” in the post war period he no longer dreamed the egalitarian dream of “I Sing the Body Electric” (PW,II, 509). Like Lincoln and the majority of the American people, he was not fully prepared to integrate the black person into his vision of a free and equal America. With the exception of the “hardly human” black woman in “Ethiopia Saluting the Colors,” black people are absent from his poetry of the postwar years, and in his letters and journals of the time, blacks remain on the periphery of his vision as sources of dread and emblems of retribution. Whitman supported the principle of universal suffrage-”the widest possible opening of the doors”-but he subscribed to the popular prejudice against “Negro rule” (PW,II, 531). When several thousand black persons turned out in June 1868 to celebrate the election of Samuel B. Bowen as mayor of Washington, the procession seemed to him the very image of bedlam and riot: “The men were all armed with clubs and pistols,” he wrote to his mother.
The Poetics of Reconstruction
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reconstruction of the nation during and after the war years began for Whitman with the act of reconstructing his poems. In 1867, at the time the radical republicans in Congress were passing their series of reconstruction acts over the veto of President Andrew Johnson, Whitman brought out the fourth edition of Leaves of Grass.The volume included only six new poems, all minor (an inscription poem “Small the Theme of My Chant,” “The Runner,” “Tears,” “Aboard at a Ship’s Helm,” “When I Read the Book,” “The City Dead-House”). But Whitman extensively revised, reshaped, deleted, and added to the body of poems published in the 1860 Leaves.These revisions, most of which were made during the war in his own blue book copy of the 1860 Leaves,once again reflect the poet’s attempt to bind up the nation’s wounds.’ Although Whitman retained the controversial Children of Adamand Calamusgroupings, the Chants Democraticgrouping was, like the national union that was its theme, broken up and extensively revised. A copy of Whitman’s blue book Leaveswas found in his desk at the Department of the Interior, which led to his being fired from his position by Secretary James Harlan. But it is important to bear in mind that Whitman made the bulk of his revisions before his friend O’Connor published his inspired defence of the poet in 1866 and thus before he emerged in his more public role as “the good gray poet
The Utilitarians’ Position
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his opposition to pardon, Kant had an ally from an unexpected quarter. He was Jeremy Bentham, the great British reformer and utilitarian philosopher of the late eighteenth century. Writing from a moral point of view diametrically opposed to Kant’s, Bentham came down hard on pardon as it was then practiced, proving (if there was ever any doubt) that politics does indeed make strange bedfellows.
The Nineteenth Century: Pardon and the Right to Punishment
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There was one last furious philosophical blast at pardons in the nineteenth century, before the topic faded away for a hundred years as philosophers turned their attentions to other things. The argument against pardon was based on G. W. F. Hegel’s premise that criminals have a right to be punished. Meanwhile, the U.S. government was setting about the grim business of establishing institutions of punishment and refining a theory of pardon through the slow process of practice and precedent.
Justified Pardons: Adjustments to Sentences
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon, he defended his decision by telling the American people that they should take into account how much Nixon had already suffered as a result of his crimes. “I feel,” President Ford said, “that Richard Nixon and his loved ones have suffered enough and will continue to suffer no matter what I do, no matter what we, as a great and good nation, can do together.”
How to Abuse the Pardoning Power
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a person’s reputation is ruined, it is common to say, “His name is mud.” The expression comes from a story that began the night President Abraham Lincoln was shot. His assassin, John Wilkes Booth, made his escape by jumping from the President’s theater box to the stage, breaking his leg. In serious need of medical attention, Wilkes covered his famous face with a false beard, rode through the night to a country village, and knocked on the door of Dr. Samuel Mudd. Dr. Mudd set the stranger’s leg and thought no more about the night time call until he learned the next day of the President’s assassination.
God
Authors: Vailati Ezio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even a cursory reader of the correspondence between Clarke and Leibniz cannot fail to notice that theology was one of the areas in which the exchange was most lively and, at times, pointed. Prima facie, the eagerness that both correspondents displayed may appear rather surprising. Both were theists who believed in the integration of natural and revealed religion; both believed in a free, simple, omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent, omnipresent deity who created the world; both were convinced that they could prove its existence.
Introduction
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the field of ethics the integration between theory and its everyday applications has commonly been close, and all the great moral philosophers have proposed both normative standards for day-to-day conduct and theories of the foundations of ethics. This book is written in the belief that ethical theory should not be isolated, either from concrete questions about what is right or wrong or from other parts of philosophy. From the rise of positivism in the 1930s, however, and at least into the 1960s, moral philosophy was preoccupied not only with ethical theory but, for the most part, with a fairly narrow part of it: the logic of moral concepts and, correspondingly, the uses of moral language. By the 1970s the tide had turned, and at least in the Anglo-American world applied ethics burgeoned in and outside academia and began to occupy a large part of the ethics curriculum in most departments of philosophy. But applied ethics requires theories and principles to apply, and at least since the early 1980s ethical theory in the broadest sense has regained strength and wider interest in the general field of ethics and particularly in philosophy.
Internalism and Externalism in Moral Epistemology
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A major division has recently come to the fore in epistemology. On one side are internalist theories, on the other, externalist theories, most notably reliabilism. The distinction has proved fruitful in understanding justification and knowledge, but its bearing on moral philosophy has yet to be systematically explored. If internalist and externalist views can provide general accounts of justification or knowledge, they may be expected to apply to the justification of moral beliefs and to yield criteria for moral knowledge. There is reason to think, however, that internalism and externalism in epistemology have even wider implications, for they reflect broad assumptions about normative status and may thus apply not only to beliefs but to other propositional attitudes and to actions. If so, we should be able to formulate not only internalist and externalist accounts of justified moral belief but also parallel accounts of moral rightness, moral obligation, and other moral notions applicable to actions.
Skepticism in Theory and Practice
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Skepticism is possible for any normative domain. Wherever there are purported reasons, there can be skepticism about whether they justify, render rational, conduce to knowledge, establish—in short, whether they do what they are supposed to do. Skepticism about theoretical reason is well-known. There is, for instance, the skepticism of the Pyrrhonians, there is Cartesian skepticism, and there is Humean skepticism. In the practical sphere, however — that (roughly) of reasons for action as opposed to reasons for belief — it is much less clear what constitutes skepticism and how one might reply to it. The most widely discussed kind of skepticism about practical reason is ethical skepticism.
The Complexity of Consent in Legal Theory and Practice
Authors: Smith Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since before the time of Sir Henry Maine the notion of contract has fascinated philosophers and lawyers alike. As Maine pointed out, English lawyers realized early on that the idea of contract could be made to account for virtually every political and legal obligation. Contract came to be viewed as the foundation of all law, and even morality. So rich is the idea that philosophers since Hobbes have used it to justify state power and explain what constitutes legitimate authority. In recent years versions of the social contract idea have been used to explain the requirements of justice and moral responsibility as well as political obligation.
Consent and Role in Professional Obligation
Authors: Smith Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Besides family obligations, professional obligations or obligations of employment are the single largest and most nncontroversial source of affirmative obligation that human beings have. Family obligations and work obligations fill most people’s lives. Unlike family obligations, however, professional obligations are considered to be contractual and therefore ordinarily justified by appeal to consent. That is, it often seems to be assumed that professional obligations, being contractual, are binding because you agreed to them. A look at American law, however, shows us that it is more complicated than that.