bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law Enforcement Officer Knowledge of, Attitudes Toward, and Willingness to Use Extreme Risk Protection Orders
Authors: Pear Veronica A. , De Biasi Alaina , Charbonneau Amanda 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceUnderstanding knowledge of, attitudes toward, and willingness to use extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws among law enforcement officers (LEOs) can inform efforts to improve implementation of this underused firearm violence prevention strategy.ObjectiveTo characterize LEOs’ knowledge of, attitudes toward, and willingness to use ERPOs across a range of scenarios.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional online survey, fielded from April 5 to August 30, 2021, was conducted in all 19 states and the District of Columbia with an ERPO law in 2021. A nonprobability sample of active-duty LEOs was used.ExposureBeing a LEO in a state with an ERPO law.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurvey participants answered questions about their familiarity with and opinions on ERPO laws, as well as whether they would agree with using an ERPO in a variety of specific case scenarios. The analysis included an exploration of whether within-scenario differences, such as ERPO respondent race or gender, affected agreement by randomly assigning survey participants to 1 of 2 versions of each scenario.ResultsA total of 600 eligible individuals started the survey, and 283 survey participants were included in the analysis. The analytic sample consisted mostly of cisgender men (85.2%) and non-Hispanic White (71.4%) LEOs. Participants represented 14 states and the District of Columbia, with 53.7% living in California. Most participants (81.3%) were very or somewhat familiar with ERPO laws and 56.2% had received ERPO training. Opinions about ERPO laws were generally favorable but varied by self-identified political ideology. Across all scenarios, most participants supported using an ERPO; however, support was highest in cases involving intimate partner violence (71.4%-78.6%) and lowest in cases involving suicidality (54.2%-73.3%). Across all scenarios, LEOs with ERPO training or experience were substantially more likely to agree with using ERPOs than those without. None of the randomly assigned within-scenario differences were associated with differences in ERPO support.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of LEOs in states with ERPO laws, many officers had not received training on their use. Additionally, while conservative political ideology was associated with less favorable views of ERPOs, training and experience with ERPOs was associated with greater support for their use across a range of scenarios. These findings suggest that LEO training on ERPOs may promote their uptake and improve implementation.
Barriers and Facilitators to Clinical Practice Development in Men and Women Surgeons
Authors: Finn Caitlin B. , Syvyk Solomiya , Bakillah Emna , Brown Danielle E. , Mesiti Andrea M. , Highet Alexandra , Bergmark Regan W. , Yeo Heather L. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Shea Judy A. , Kelz Rachel R. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceMany early-career surgeons struggle to develop their clinical practices, leading to high rates of burnout and attrition. Furthermore, women in surgery receive fewer, less complex, and less remunerative referrals compared with men. An enhanced understanding of the social and structural barriers to optimal growth and equity in clinical practice development is fundamental to guiding interventions to support academic surgeons.ObjectiveTo identify the barriers and facilitators to clinical practice development with attention to differences related to surgeon gender.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multi-institutional qualitative descriptive study was performed using semistructured interviews analyzed with a grounded theory approach. Interviews were conducted at 5 academic medical centers in the US between July 12, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Surgeons with at least 1 year of independent practice experience were selected using purposeful sampling to obtain a representative sample by gender, specialty, academic rank, and years of experience.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurgeon perspectives on external barriers and facilitators of clinical practice development and strategies to support practice development for new academic surgeons.ResultsA total of 45 surgeons were interviewed (23 women [51%], 18 with ≤5 years of experience [40%], and 20 with ≥10 years of experience [44%]). Surgeons reported barriers and facilitators related to their colleagues, department, institution, and environment. Dominant themes for both genders were related to competition, case distribution among partners, resource allocation, and geographic market saturation. Women surgeons reported additional challenges related to gender-based discrimination (exclusion, questioning of expertise, role misidentification, salary disparities, and unequal resource allocation) and additional demands (related to appearance, self-advocacy, and nonoperative patient care). Gender concordance with patients and referring physicians was a facilitator of practice development for women. Surgeons suggested several strategies for their colleagues, department, and institution to improve practice development by amplifying facilitators and promoting objectivity and transparency in resource allocation and referrals.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this qualitative study suggest that a surgeon’s external context has a substantial influence on their practice development. Academic institutions and departments of surgery may consider the influence of their structures and policies on early career surgeons to accelerate practice development and workplace equity.
Phrasal Affixation
Authors: Göksel Aslı , Bagriacik Metin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLanguages have morphemes that elude the well‐known distinctions between the morphological categories ‘affix’ and ‘clitic’. These unusual morphemes are affix‐like in that they preserve the property of selecting lexemes as bases, but they are clitic‐like as they can also attach to phrases, thus have bases that are formed in syntax. Some of these morphemes are also displaced and appear on items that they are not associated with. This entry surveys the emergence and development of the term ‘phrasal affix’, used for referring to such morphemes, and its appearance in the inflectional and derivational domains in various languages across different language families. It focuses on works that have analysed phrasal affixation within various theoretical frameworks and discusses the categories of the phrases that such affixes take as bases.
A test of age bias in children and adults in prospective person memory
Authors: Moore Kara N. , Hanan Raevan L. , Gaona Kassandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildren are disproportionately represented amongst missing people in the United States. Search campaigns target adults to search for missing children, but age biases in face recognition may affect adults' efficacy at sighting missing children. We hypothesized that own‐age biases in children (7–9 years; N = 105) and adults (18–30 years; N = 108) would affect their ability to sight children and adults. Participants completed a prospective person memory task with a simultaneous ongoing task to simulate multi‐tasking while searching for missing people. Both child and adult participants were more accurate at sighting missing adults than missing children. Adults exhibited an own‐age bias. Adult participants were more accurate at sightings than child participants. In conclusion, adults were better suited to search for missing people of all ages than children, and this pattern of results may be impacted by experience with faces.
Reducing Gases Triggered Cathode Surface Reconstruction for Stable Cathode–Electrolyte Interface in Practical All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Bingkai , He Zhiwei , Liu Tiefeng , Li Zeheng , Zhang Shaojian , Zhao Wenguang , Yin Zu‐Wei , Zhuo Zengqing , Zhang Mingjian , Pan Feng , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan , Lu Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interfacial compatibility between cathodes and sulfide solid‐electrolytes (SEs) is a critical limiting factor of electrochemical performance in all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLBs). This work presents a gas–solid interface reduction reaction (GSIRR), aiming to mitigate the reactivity of surface oxygen by inducing a surface reconstruction layer (SRL) . The application of a SRL, CoO/Li2CO3, onto LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode results in impressive outcomes, including high capacity (149.7 mAh g−1), remarkable cyclability (retention of 84.63% over 400 cycles at 0.2 C), outstanding rate capability (86.1 mAh g−1 at 2 C), and exceptional stability in high‐loading cathode (28.97 and 23.45 mg cm−2) within ASSLBs. Furthermore, the SRL CoO/Li2CO3 enhances the interfacial stability between LCO and Li10GeP2S12 as well as Li3PS4 SEs. Significantly, the experiments suggest that the GSIRR mechanism can be broadly applied, not only to LCO cathodes but also to LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes and other reducing gases such as H2S and CO, indicating its practical universality. This study highlights the significant influence of the surface chemistry of the oxide cathode on interfacial compatibility, and introduces a surface reconstruction strategy based on the GSIRR process as a promising avenue for designing enhanced ASSLBs.
Mesostructured Materials with Controllable Long‐Range Orientational Ordering and Anisotropic Properties
Authors: Jahnke Justin P. , Kim Donghun , Wildemuth Douglas J. , Nolla Jordi , Berkow Maxwell W. , Gwak Hosu , Neyshtadt Shany , Segal‐Peretz Tamar , Frey Gitti L. , Chmelka Bradley F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInorganic–organic mesophase materials provide a wide range of tunable properties, which are often highly dependent on their nano‐, micro‐, or meso‐scale compositions and structures. Among these are macroscopic orientational order and corresponding anisotropic material properties, the adjustability of which are difficult to achieve. This is due to the complicated transient and coupled transport, chemical reaction, and surface processes that occur during material syntheses. By understanding such processes, general criteria are established and used to prepare diverse mesostructured materials with highly aligned channels with uniform nanometer dimensions and controllable directionalities over macroscopic dimensions and thicknesses. This is achieved by using a micropatterned semipermeable poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp to manage the rates, directions, and surfaces at which self‐assembling phases nucleate and the directions that they grow. This enables mesostructured surfactant‐directed silica and titania composites, including with functional guest species, and mesoporous carbons to be prepared with high degrees of hexagonal order, as well as controllable orthogonal macroscopic orientational order. The resulting materials exhibit novel anisotropic properties, as demonstrated by the example of direction‐dependent photocurrent generation, and are promising for enhancing the functionality of inorganic–organic nanocomposite materials in separations, catalysis, and energy conversion applications.
Influence of Shell Thickness on the Photophysical Properties of Core—Shell Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Xuanyu , Zhang Chengxi , Chen Baian , Li Junzi , Wang Zhaojin , Wang Kai , He Tingchao , Yang Xuyong , Chen Rui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCore–shell perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications due to their unique properties and stability. Although much research has been conducted on the shell growth mechanism and properties of the core–shell NCs, little is known about the role of shell thickness in determining their optical properties. Herein, a heteroepitaxial method is employed to prepare a series of core–shell FAPbBr3/CsPbBr3 NCs with different shell thicknesses. Through temperature‐dependent photoluminescence measurement, it is found that the electronic structure of core–shell FAPbBr3/CsPbBr3 NCs evolves from quasi‐type‐II to type‐I with the increase in shell thickness. This abnormal transition can be attributed to the thickened gradient alloy layer FA1‐xCsxPbBr3, which effectively relieves the lattice mismatch and releases strain in the NCs, resulting in variations in the bandgap between the core and the shell. Furthermore, the biexciton Auger lifetimes in these samples exhibit a non‐monotonic dependence on shell thickness, indicating the electronic structure transition. These results provide valuable insights into the relationship between shell thickness, electronic structure, and optical properties in core–shell perovskite NCs, which may offer guidance for the design of high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Assembly of Phospha‐Xanthenes from Functionalized Organophosphines and Arynes through a Formal (4+2) Annulation‐Inspired Cascade
Authors: Gu Lijie , Zhang Congcong , Bu Zhanwei , Wang Qilin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, we report an approach to phospha‐xanthenes from ortho‐chalcone based organophosphines and arynes. These reactions proceeded through a sequential process consisting of a formal [4+2] cycloaddition, arylation, P−OH formation and P−C bond cleavage. A gram‐scale preparation and a chemical conversion were performed to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this method. Also, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the control experiments.
Multi‐Bioinspired MOF Delivery Systems from Microfluidics for Tumor Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Qingfei , Kuang Gaizhen , Wang Hanbing , Zhao Yuanjin , Wei Jia , Shang Luoran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF)‐based drug delivery systems have demonstrated values in oncotherapy. Current research endeavors are centralized on the functionality enrichment of featured MOF materials with designed versatility for synergistic multimodal treatments. Here, inspired by the multifarious biological functions including ferroptosis pattern, porphyrins, and cancer cell membrane (CCM) camouflage technique, novel multi‐biomimetic MOF nanocarriers from microfluidics are prepared. The Fe3+, meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphine and oxaliplatin prodrug are incorporated into one MOF nano‐system (named FeTPt), which is further cloaked by CCM to obtain a “Trojan Horse”‐like vehicle (FeTPt@CCM). Owing to the functionalization with CCM, FeTPt@CCM can target and accumulate at the tumor site via homologous binding. After being internalized by cancer cells, FeTPt@CCM can be activated by a Fenton‐like reaction as well as a redox reaction between Fe3+ and glutathione and hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radical and oxygen. Thus, the nano‐platform effectively initiates ferroptosis and improves photodynamic therapy performance. Along with the Pt‐drug chemotherapy, the nano‐platform exhibits synergistic multimodal actions for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in vitro and suppressing tumor growth in vivo. These features indicate that such a versatile biomimetic MOF delivery system from microfluidics has great potential for synergistic cancer treatment.
Einzelkettennanopartikel in der Katalyse
Authors: Mundsinger Kai , Izuagbe Aidan , Tuten Bryan T. , Roesky Peter W. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn den letzten sechs Jahrzehnten haben sich gefaltete Polymerketten, sogenannte Einzelketten‐Nanopartikel (EKNPs), von dem bloßen Konzept intramolekular vernetzter Polymerketten zu maßgeschneiderten Nanoreaktoren entwickelt. Diese Entwicklung wurde durch eine Vielzahl von Techniken und chemischen Verfahren zur Anpassung und Analyse ihrer Morphologie und Funktion unterstützt. Diese monomolekularen Polymere bieten in einer breiten Palette von Anwendungen ein vielversprechendes Potenzial. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die faszinierenden Fortschritte, die in den letzten Jahren im Bereich der katalytisch aktiven EKNPs erzielt wurden.
Wie Acyl‐Carrier‐Proteine (ACPs) die Biosynthese von Fettsäuren und Polyketiden steuern
Authors: Buyachuihan Lynn , Stegemann Franziska , Grininger Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMegasynthasen wie die Typ I Fettsäuresynthasen (engl. fatty acid synthases, FASs) und Polyketidsynthasen (PKSs) sind Multienzymkomplexe, die für die Produktion von primären Metaboliten und komplexen Naturstoffen verantwortlich sind. Fettsäuren (engl. fatty acids, FAs) und Polyketide (PKs) werden durch das schrittweise Zusammenfügen und Modifizieren kleiner Acyleinheiten aufgebaut. Ein zentraler Aspekt der FA‐ und PK‐Biosynthese besteht in dem Transport der Substrate zwischen den Multienzymkomplex‐bildenden Domänen. Dieser essenzielle Prozess wird von kleinen Acyl‐Carrier‐Proteinen (ACPs) übernommen. Die ACPs müssen die katalytischen Domänen in einer bestimmten Sequenz ansteuern, um zu gewährleisten, dass die Biosyntheseschritte stets in derselben Reihenfolge erfolgen. Die genauen Mechanismen, die dem ACP‐vermittelten Substrattransport zugrunde liegen, insbesondere die Faktoren, die zur Programmierung der ACP‐Bewegung beitragen, müssen jedoch noch vollständig entschlüsselt werden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel veranschaulicht das aktuelle Verständnis des ACP‐vermittelten Substrattransports und bietet Konzepte zur Kontrolle der ACP‐Bewegung auf Basis der konformationellen Variabilität des Multienzymkomplexes und der Spezifitäten der involvierten Domänen und schlägt als Resultat eine eingeschränkte Bewegung der ACP‐Domänen innerhalb von Typ I Megasynthasen vor.
Regulation of Multiple Resonance Delayed Fluorescence via Through‐Space Charge Transfer Excited State towards High‐Efficiency and Stable Narrowband Electroluminescence
Authors: Luo Sai , Wang Junjie , Li Nengquan , Song Xiu‐Fang , Wan Xintong , Li Kai , Yang Chuluo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractB‐ and N‐embedded multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters usually suffer from slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and aggregation‐caused emission quenching. Here, we report the design of a sandwich structure by placing the B−N MR core between two electron‐donating moieties, inducing through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) states. The proper adjusting of the energy levels brings about a 10‐fold higher RISC rate in comparison with the parent B−N molecule. In the meantime, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 91 % and a good color purity were maintained. Organic light‐emitting diodes based on the new MR emitter achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.7 % and small roll‐offs at high brightness. High device efficiencies were also obtained for a wide range of doping concentrations of up to 20 wt % thanks to the steric shielding of the B−N core. A good operational stability with LT95 of 85.2 h has also been revealed. The dual steric and electronic effects resulting from the introduction of a TSCT state offer an effective molecular design to address the critical challenges of MR‐TADF emitters.
Effects of maleic anhydride on the moisture crosslinking of EVM‐GMA grafted with amino silane
Authors: Su Yupeng , Han Kehui , Hoch Martin , Mao Jie , Shi Xinyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMoisture crosslinking would be a good substitution to cure ethylene‐vinyl acetate‐glycidyl methacrylate rubber (EVM‐GMA) due to the characteristics of low cost and environmental friendliness. Our previous study found amino silane grafted onto EVM‐GMA with low degree due to the low epoxy group content in rubber matrix. Consequently, the moisture crosslinking density of rubber compound is low. So, it is necessary to find an effective method to improve the moisture crosslinking density of EVM‐GMA. In this paper, EVM‐GMA grafted with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and maleic anhydride (EVM‐GMA‐g‐APTES/MAH) composites were prepared by melt blending, and then the moisture crosslinking of composites was achieved in a 90°C water bath with the aid of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL). The grafting of MAH onto the EVM‐GMA molecular chain and its reaction with amino silane were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Furthermore, the moisture crosslinking density of the samples before and after grafting MAH was compared. The results indicated that the moisture crosslinking density of the grafted MAH was higher than that of the unmodified rubber, thus achieving better overall mechanical properties. Therefore, grafting MAH was a feasible way to improve the moisture crosslinking density of EVM‐GMA with the existence of silane.
Variation in the cranial osteology of the amphisbaenian genus Zygaspis based on high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Meza Antonio , Bell Christopher J. , Daza Juan D. , Thies Monte L. , Lewis Patrick J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmphisbaenians are a specialized fossorial group of reptiles, having developed head‐first burrowing, a specialized skull architecture, and an elongated body. This group is generally small‐bodied, with some species possessing skulls only a few millimeters long. In this study, we used high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography to compare the skulls of 15 specimens from seven of the eight species in the amphisbaenian genus Zygaspis (Zygaspis dolichomenta, Zygaspis ferox, Zygaspis quadrifrons, Zygaspis kafuensis, Zygaspis nigra, Zygaspis vandami, and Zygaspis violacea). Both interspecific and intraspecific variation, including asymmetry, is observed among the cranial bones of the specimens. There are unique morphological features on some cranial bones, including the premaxilla and ectopterygoid of Z. quadrifrons, the pterygoid and vomer of Z. kafuensis, and the extracolumella of Z. nigra. Sexual dimorphism has been previously reported for the species Z. quadrifrons and is observed here as well.
Anwendungsfallbezogene Nutzwertanalyse für Erfassungstechnologien im Brückenbau
Authors: Tschickardt Thomas , Lermen Hanna , Glock Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie BIM‐basierte Projektabwicklung befindet sich aktuell im Infrastruktur‐ und Ingenieurbau, insbesondere im Brückenbau, noch in der Entwicklung. Besonders in der Ausführungsphase ist bislang wenig erforscht, wie Informationen am Bauwerk automatisiert digital erfasst werden können, obgleich dies die Aufnahme von relevanten Daten und Informationen erheblich erleichtern kann. Durch eine automatisierte Datenerfassung kann die Sicherheit des Baustellenpersonals erhöht und dieses effizienter eingesetzt, Arbeitsaufwände verringert sowie eine kurzyklische Informationsbereitstellung sichergestellt und somit auch Kosten optimiert werden. Grundsätzlich sollte jede Datenerfassung einem bestimmten Anwendungsfall (AWF) dienen und gemäß der Lean‐Philosophie und dem Pull‐Prinzip ausgelöst werden. Bislang existiert jedoch kein Standard und auch keine Empfehlung für den Entscheidungsprozess, welche Technologie für welchen AWF eingesetzt werden soll, um den größten Nutzen zu generieren. In diesem Beitrag wird eine AWF‐basierte Nutzwertanalyse für Technologien im Brückenbau vorgestellt. Lücken bisheriger Forschungen werden beleuchtet, um einen strukturierten und transparenten Entscheidungsprozess sicherzustellen.
Evaluation of Sn0.9Fe0.1O2‐δ as Potential Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lenzer Anja , Birrozzi Adele , Wirsching Anna‐Lena , Li Yueliang , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Asenbauer Jakob , Bresser Dominic 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Dr. Dominic Bresser at Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU). The cover picture shows the potential anode material Sn0.9Fe0.1O2−δ‐C for sodium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202300281.
Wasserstoffüberspannung und Wasserstoffdiffusion durch Eisenkathoden
Authors: Fischer H. , Heiling H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnedler werden des Potentials an der nicht polarisierten Innenseite einer Becherkathode aus Eisen bei kathodischer Abscheidung von Wasserstoff an der Außenseite der Becherkathode. Vergleich der Außen‐ und Innenpotentiale und ihrer Abhängigkeit von der Stromdichte. Änderung der Außen‐und Innenpotentiale in Gegenwart organischer Inhibitoren. Bedeutung der Erscheinungen für die Theorie der Wasserstoffüberspannung.