bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talking Conflict
Authors: Wittmann Anna M. 
Published: December 2023

In today's information era, the use of specific words and language can serve as powerful tools that incite violence—or sanitize and conceal the ugliness of war. This book examines the complex, "twisted" language of conflict.
Why is the term "collateral damage" used when military strikes kill civilians? What is a "catastrophic success"? What is the difference between a privileged and unprivileged enemy belligerent? How does deterrence differ from detente? What does "hybrid warfare" mean, and how is it different from "asymmetric warfare"? How is shell shock different from battle fatigue and PTSD? These are only a few of the questions that Talking Conflict: The Loaded Language of Genocide, Political Violence, Terrorism, and Warfare answers in its exploration of euphemisms, "warspeak," "doublespeak," and propagandistic terms.
This handbook of alphabetically listed entries is prefaced by an introductory overview that provides background information about how language is used to obfuscate or minimize descriptions of armed conflict or genocide and presents examples of the major rhetorical devices used in this subject matter. The book focuses on the "loaded" language of conflict, with many of the entries demonstrating the function of given terms as euphemisms, propaganda, or circumlocutions. Each entry is accompanied by a list of cross references and "Further Reading" suggestions that point readers to pertinent sources for further research. This book is ideal for students—especially those studying political science, international relations, and genocide—as well as general readers.
The Triumph of Reality TV
Authors: Edwards Leigh H. 
Published: December 2023

This book provides an up-to-date account of how reality TV has developed, why it has become the most popular genre on television today, and how the explosion in reality TV signals new developments in American media culture.
The reasons behind reality TV's continued popularity go beyond the sensationalism and low production cost of these programs: there is much more to the genre's continued success than just escapism or “guilty pleasure” TV. The Triumph of Reality TV: The Revolution in American Television identifies and explores five key media trends reality TV has used to continually draw in viewers and ensure success. These media trends include innovations in storytelling, making emotional appeals to viewers, and applying content from television to other media such as films, music albums, webisodes, online games, and smart phone apps.
Author Leigh H. Edwards also analyzes how reality TV shows target themes of social conflict, such as changing ideas of the American family, and address common anxieties and tensions in American society such as gender, race, class, and economic struggle. A wide variety of reality shows—including American Idol, Celebrity Rehab, Jackass, Run's House, Survivor, and The Hills—are profiled. An appealing read for students, scholars, and general readers alike, this book provides fascinating insights into the complexities of a seemingly simplistic form of mass entertainment.
The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business
Authors: Skrabec   Jr. Quentin R. 
Published: December 2023

This reference book details the top 100 groundbreaking events in the history of American business, featuring case studies of successful companies who challenged traditional operating paradigms, historical perspectives on labor laws, management practices, and economic climates, and an examination of the impact of these influences on today's business practices.
Throughout history, important commercial developments in the United States have made it possible for American companies to leverage tough economic conditions to survive—even thrive in a volatile marketplace. This reference book examines the top 100 groundbreaking events in the history of American business and illustrates their influence on the labor laws, business practices, and management methodologies of corporate America today.
The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business: An Encyclopedia depicts the chronological order of events contributing to the evolution of American business, with an emphasis on the commercial innovations of each period. The book explores the origins of successful brands, including Apple, Wal-Mart, and Heinz; demonstrates the successful collaboration between public and private sectors illustrated by the Erie Canal, Hoover Dam, and the interstate highway system; and depicts the commercial impact of major economic events from the Panic of 1857 to the Great Recession of 2010.
American Gangsters, Then and Now
Authors: Hendley Nate 
Published: December 2023

A detailed compendium of American gangsters and gangs from the end of the Civil War to the present day.
American Gangsters, Then and Now: An Encyclopedia ranges from Western outlaws revered as Robin Hoods to the Depression's flamboyant bootleggers and bank robbers to the late 20th century's drug kingpins and "Dapper Dons." It is the first comprehensive resource on the gangster's historical evolution and unshakable grip on the American imagination.
American Gangsters, Then and Now tells the stories of a number of famous gangsters and gangs—Jesse James and Billy the Kid, the Black Hand, Al Capone, Sonny Barger and the Hell's Angels, the Mafia, Crips and Bloods, and more. Avoiding sensationalism, the straightforward entries include biographical portraits and historical background for each subject, as well as accounts of infamous robberies, killings, and other events, all well documented with both archival newspapers and extensive research into the files of the FBI. Readers will understand the families, the places, and the times that produced these monumental criminals, as well as the public mindset that often found them sympathetic and heroic.
A Battlefield of Values
Authors: Burgard Stephen D. , Hubbard Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2023

Differing moral views are dividing the country and polarizing the left and the right more than ever before. This book offers unique solutions to improve communication and understanding between the two factions to fix our fractured political system.
Morality is at the heart of political contention in American society. Unfortunately, our polarized belief systems severely inhibit the achievement of bipartisan compromises. A Battlefield of Values: America’s Left, Right, and Endangered Center provides a candid but nonjudgmental examination of what people think and believe—and how this informs our divisions over core values. By addressing how individuals believe rather than how they vote, the book illuminates why 21st-century America is so conflicted politically and religiously; exposes what matters most to those on the right and left of the political, religious, and cultural spectrum; explains why the members of the endangered center in American life—the moderates—are struggling to make sense of the great divide between conflicting ideologies; and predicts how a degree of reconciliation and detente might be possible in the future.
Authors Stephen Burgard and Benjamin J. Hubbard build a powerful case for how authentic communication between political factions is integral to bettering our society as a whole. Along the way, they illustrate the impact of religion and media on American belief systems and also explore the inability of news media to serve as mediators of this dilemma. This work will fascinate lay readers seeking perspective on our current political stalemate as well as serve college students taking courses in political science, communications, journalism, anthropology, or religious studies.
Beyond Sand and Oil
Authors: Caravelli Jack 
Published: December 2023

This text provides an up-to-date overview of nuclear weapons in the politically fragile Middle East, discussing the evolution and future of national programs, as well as the current challenge posed by Iran.
Shortly after World War II, the Middle East became a locus for nations seeking to acquire nuclear missiles and the means to deliver them to their enemies. Israel was the first; Libya and Iraq followed suit. Pakistan now possesses a substantial number of nuclear weapons, to which longtime rival India will no doubt respond. The implications of the political and security dynamics of the Middle East for the United States and other nations are truly profound and sobering.
Beyond Sand and Oil provides a nation-by-nation overview of the evolution of nuclear weapons programs in what is likely the world's most politically unstable region. A detailed assessment of Iran's prospects for becoming a nuclear weapons state—and how Israel, the Arab world, and the international community will respond to that outcome—is also included.
Beyond Stereotypes in Black and White
Authors: Treadwell Henrie M. 
Published: December 2023

This book spotlights the plight of African American boys and men, examining multiple systems beyond education, incarceration, and employment to assess their impact on the mental and physical health of African American boys and men—and challenges everyday citizens to help start a social transformation.
Beyond Stereotypes in Black and White: How Everyday Leaders Can Build Healthier Opportunities for African American Boys and Men exposes the daily plight of African American boys and men, identifying the social and policy infrastructure that ensnares them in a downward spiral that worsens with each exposure to our system that offers unemployment, low-wage work, marginalization, and incarceration.
The book examines why African American boys and men are more sickly and die younger than any other racial group in the United States, have very few health coverage options, and are consistently incarcerated at rates that are wildly disproportionate to their representation of the U.S. population; and it documents how this tremendous injustice comes with a cost that burdens all groups in American society, not just African Americans. Additionally, the author challenges readers to see that all of us must act individually and collectively to right this social wrong.
Books on Early American History and Culture, 2001–2005
Authors: Irwin Raymond D. 
Published: December 2023

This volume offers a complete listing and description of books published on early America between 2001 and 2005.
An extraordinary research tool, Books on Early American History and Culture, 2001-2005: An Annotated Bibliography is part of a series listing materials on the history of North America and the Caribbean from 1492 to 1815. This volume includes monographs, reference works, exhibition catalogs, and essay collections published between 2001 and 2005.
Each entry provides the name of the work, its author(s) or editor(s), publisher, date of publication, ISBN and/or OCLC number(s), and the Library of Congress call number. Following each detailed citation, there is a brief summary of the work and a list of journals in which it has been reviewed. Organized thematically, the book covers, among many other topics, exploration and colonization; maritime history; environment; Native Americans; race, gender, and ethnicity; migration; labor and class; business; families; religion; material culture; science; education; politics; and military affairs.
A Concise History of Economists' Assumptions about Markets
Authors: Mitchell Robert Edward 
Published: December 2023

This open-minded, multidisciplinary approach challenges existing world views on the endogenous and exogenous forces that drive markets and economies.
Nine narrative chapters and a conclusion provide an accessible history of key premises and assumptions in the mental models proposed by several major economists since the 1776 publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations and show how—and why—those models and their underlying assumptions have changed over time. The book addresses the legacies of major economists, describes their historical and analytical influence, documents the interaction among various schools of thought as well as how they differ, and the implications that this history has for economics and the policy sciences in the decades ahead.
The author focuses on the mental maps economists have created in an attempt to understand the forces that destroyed "order," explaining how these maps incorporate a non-mathematical presentation of evolving dictionaries, novel analytical perspectives, new evidence, and a reliance on value assumptions. He traces the underlying assumptions, continuities, and differences among major economists including Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, Alfred Marshall, John Maynard Keynes, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, and Joseph Schumpeter. Readers will grasp how the classic theories still influence economists' mental models today and come away with a basic economic literacy that puts this important social science in historical context. This is essential reading for all the social and policy sciences.
Death Orders
Authors: Geifman Anna 
Published: December 2023

This fascinating study shows how terrorism as developed and practiced in Romanov Russia has, over the past century, manifested itself as the template for modern and postmodern terrorism as a universal sociocultural, psychological, and existential experience, irrespective of particular political causes, ethnic distinctions, and ideological boundaries.
Arguing that Russia is the birthplace of modern terrorism, Death Orders: The Vanguard of Modern Terrorism in Revolutionary Russia uses the nation as a case study of psycho-historical patterns of worldwide terrorist activity during the past century. Key features of early-20th century Russian political extremism serve as models for terrorist experiences in other periods and regions as author Anna Geifman builds a typology of a universal phenomenon.
The book shows how, in Russia and elsewhere, terrorists' objectives have degenerated from punishment of individual adversaries and attempts to intimidate political elites to indiscriminate acts of political violence. It shifts attention from ideology to practices that had been previously hidden, ignored, or rationalized, demonstrating that what terrorists say about their motives may not be what actually drives them to brutality. By looking closely at Russian precedents for the general experience of modern political violence, the book helps illuminate many obscure aspects of terrorism today.
Disarming States
Authors: Rutherford Kenneth R. 
Published: December 2023

This book provides a detailed history of the global movement to ban anti-personnel landmines (APL), marking the first case of a successful worldwide civil society movement to end the use of an entire category of weapons.
In March 1995, Belgium became the first state to pass a domestic anti-personnel landmine ban. In December 1997, 122 states joined Belgium in signing the comprehensive Mine Ban Treaty, also known as the Ottawa Treaty. The movement to ban landmines became a turning point in global politics that continues to influence policy and strategy decisions regarding weapon use today.
Disarming States: The International Movement to Ban Landmines describes how non-government organizations (NGOs) brought the landmine issue to international attention by forming the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL). The author presents new information gleaned from interviews and intensive research conducted around the world. The critical role of mid-size states—such as Austria, Canada, and Switzerland—recruited to back the movement's goals is examined. The book concludes by examining how NGOs affect the international political agenda, especially in seeking legal prohibitions on weapons and changes in states' behaviors.
Global Security Watch—Venezuela
Authors: Hellinger Daniel Charles 
Published: December 2023

This in-depth study provides a timely assessment of how the foreign, military, and security policies of Venezuela shape relations with the United States in the Chavez era.
The growing importance of Venezuela in the global oil market along with the controversial nature of its leadership provoke concern among some world powers—especially the United States, whose international policies have been heavily criticized by Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez. This critical look at American/Venezuelan relations presents perceptions held by each government of the other and examines the sources of tensions—and points of confluence—between the two countries.
Global Security Watch—Venezuela traces the political relations between the United States and Venezuela from the early roots based in Pan Americanism to the domestic and foreign policies of the Chavez regime, including petro-diplomacy. This book provides a serious examination of the allegations about Venezuelan involvement in the drug trade, terrorism, and intervention; the view that the unilateralism of the United States threatens world peace; and the future of relations between the two countries.
Places of the Underground Railroad
Authors: Calarco Tom , Vogel Cynthia , Grover Kathryn , Hallstrom Rae , Pope Sharron L. , Thibodeaux Melissa Waddy- 
Published: December 2023

This up-to-date compilation details the most significant stops along the Underground Railroad.
Places of the Underground Railroad: A Geographical Guide presents an overview of the various sites that comprised this unique road to freedom, with entries chosen to represent all regions of the United States and Canada. Where most works on the Underground Railroad focus on the people involved, this unique guide explores the intricacies of travel that allowed the "conductors" to carry out the tasks entrusted to them. It presents an accurate picture of just where the Underground Railroad was and how it operated, including routes and itineraries and connections between the various Railroad locations.
Through information about these locations, the book takes readers from the beginnings of organized aid to fugitive slaves during the period following the American Revolution up to the Civil War. It delineates the possible routes fugitive slaves may have taken by identifying the rivers, canals, and railroads that were sometimes used. And it shows that a network, though decentralized and variable over time and place, truly was established among Underground Railroad participants.
VAI TRÒ CỦA CÁC CHỈ SỐ SỐC TRONG TIÊN LƯỢNG BỆNH NHÂN BỎNG NẶNG
Authors: Nguyễn Như Lâm , Trần Đình Hùng 
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá vai trò của các chỉ số sốc
trong tiên lượng bệnh nhân người lớn bỏng nặng. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu trên 173 bệnh nhân (BN) bỏng người lớn nhập viện trong vòng 6 giờ sau bỏng tại Khoa hồi sức cấp cứu, Bệnh viện Bỏng Quốc gia từ 1/1/2021 - 31/10/2022, có diện tích bỏng từ 30% diện tích cơ thể (DTCT) trở lên. BN được chia làm hai nhóm cứu sống và tử vong, được so sánh về đặc điểm bệnh nhân, đặc điểm tổn thương bỏng và các chỉ số sốc. Dùng ROC test phân tích giá trị tiên lượng tử vong của các yếu tố. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ tử vong là 29,48%. Các bệnh nhân có SI tăng chiếm đa số (72,83%). So với nhóm sống sót, nhóm tử vong có chỉ số sốc, chỉ số sốc sửa đổi và chỉ số sốc theo tuổi lớn hơn có ý nghĩa (p < 0=0,0001). Ngược lại, chỉ số sốc đảo ngược ở nhóm tử vong thấp hơn nhóm sống sót, sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê (p = 0,0001). Khi phân tích đa biến cho tử vong, chỉ số sốc theo tuổi cùng với diện tích bỏng sâu và bỏng hô hấp có mối liên quan độc lập với tử vong. Phối hợp 3 chỉ số diện tích bỏng sâu, bỏng hô hấp và chỉ số sốc theo tuổi thì giá trị tiên lượng tử vong rất tốt (AUC = 0,95; độ nhạy: 88,16%; độ đặc hiệu: 90,15%), cao hơn có ý nghĩa so với đơn lẻ từng yếu tố (p < 0,001). Kết luận: Chỉ số sốc theo tuổi cùng với diện tích bỏng sâu và bỏng hô hấp là những yếu tố tiên lượng độc lập tử vong ở bệnh nhân bỏng. Giá trị tiên lượng tử vong của chỉ số sốc theo tuổi kết hợp với diện tích bỏng sâu và bỏng hô hấp là rất tốt (AUC = 0,95).
TÓM TẮT34 XÂY DỰNG QUY TRÌNH K-4CARE KHẢO SÁT TOÀN DIỆN CÁC CHỈ DẤU PHÂN TỬ BỘ GEN CỦA KHỐI U
Authors: Nguyễn Hoàng Thiên Phúc , Nguyễn Tiến Anh , Trần Huỳnh Bảo Nam , Nguyễn Hoàng Vân Anh , Nguyễn Anh Tuấn , Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Tú , Đỗ Thị Thanh Thủy , Nguyễn Hoài Nghĩa , Giang Hoa , Nguyễn Duy Sinh , Từ Ngọc Ly Lan 
Published: December 2023

Giới thiệu: Những năm gần đây, các xét nghiệm
khảo sát gen toàn diện dần được chấp nhận sử dụng trong lâm sàng nhằm tăng cường cá thể hóa trong lĩnh vực ung thư. Một xét nghiệm duy nhất cung cấp đầy đủ thông tin về những biến đổi của bộ gen trong khối u sẽ giúp các bác sĩ có thể chẩn đoán, tiên lượng bệnh và lựa chọn phác đồ điều trị phù hợp. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi thực hiện đánh giá K-4CARE, một xét nghiệm di truyền toàn diện cho các chỉ dấu phân tử bộ gen của khối u. Phương pháp: Xét nghiệm này gồm 473 gen đặc trưng cho ung thư với tổng kích thước vùng khảo sát là 1.7 Mb. Xét nghiệm được đánh giá trên các nhóm mẫu chuẩn với nhiều chỉ số gồm: giới hạn phát hiện (LOD), độ tương đồng, độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu và độ chính xác. Những biến đổi di truyền được khảo sát gồm: biến thể đơn nucleotide (SNVs), thêm hay mất đoạn ngắn (Indels), sự thay đổi số lượng bản sao (CNAs), và các dung hợp gen. Trong khi đó, việc xác định sự bất ổn định của các vùng vi vệ tinh (MSI) và tải lượng đột biến khối u (TMB) được đánh giá đồng thời trên cả mẫu chuẩn và 83 mẫu lâm sàng từ 10 loại ung thư khác nhau. Kết quả: Tại ngưỡng LOD là 5% cho cả SNVs và Indels, xét nghiệm cho độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu lần lượt là 99,96% và 100%. Các biến đổi do dung hợp gen hay tăng số lượng bản sao đều cho độ đặc hiệu là 100%, với độ nhạy tương ứng là 94% và 100%. Các biến thể dòng mầm, bao gồm cả SNVs và Indels, đều cho độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu là 100%. Giá trị TMB trên mẫu chuẩn cho độ tương đồng là 100%, và đạt độ tương quan là 97% khi so sánh giữa K-4CARE với phương pháp giải toàn bộ exon trên nhóm mẫu lâm sàng. MSI xác định từ xét
độ đặc hiệu 100%. Kết luận: Xét nghiệm K-4CARE có thể cung cấp một cách toàn diện và đáng tin cậy các dấu ấn phân tử được sử dụng cho điều trị đích và điều trị miễn dịch ở bệnh nhân ung thư.
NGHIÊN CỨU TÌNH TRẠNG TỔN THƯƠNG GAN DO THUỐC TẠI TRUNG TÂM TIÊU HÓA GAN MẬT - BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Phương Nga , Nguyễn Công Long 
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và khảo sát thuốc gây tổn thương gan ở bệnh nhân tổn thương gan do thuốc tại Trung tâm tiêu hóa- Gan mật, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang 50 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán tổn thương gan do thuốc điều trị nội trú tại Trung tâm Tiêu hóa gan mật- Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 8 năm 2022 đến tháng hết tháng 7 năm 2023. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ nam/nữ: 44/56 (%), Tuổi trung bình: 56.1±13.1. Lí do vào viện nhiều nhất là vàng da (60%) và mệt mỏi (22%). Triệu chứng lâm sàng hay gặp là mệt mỏi (96%) và hoàng đảm (78%). AST/ALT trung bình: 624 ± 619/870 ± 830 (UI/ml), Bilirubin toàn phần trung bình:196.6
±146.9 µmol/l, bệnh nhân có chỉ số PT< 70 %: 30%, bệnh nhân có INR ≥ 1.5: 20%. Thể bệnh: hoại tử/ứ mật/hỗn hợp: 70/16/14 (%). Mức độ bệnh: nhẹ/trung bình/nặng/suy gan cấp/nguy kịch: 18/8/60/12/2 (%). Nguyên nhân DILI: thuốc y học cổ truyền/thuốc tây y/thực phẩm chức năng là: 50/44/6 (%). Các loại thuốc/nhóm thuốc tây y gây DILI: Paracetamol/chống viêm tác dụng kéo dài hoặc điều hòa miễn dịch/ chống lao/rối loạn chuyển hóa lipid máu/kháng nấm/chế phẩm sinh học/ Amoxicilin-clavunic, kết hợp Paracetamol, Esomeprazole/ NSAID+Paracetamol/ Thyrozole là: 4/4/3/3/2/2/2/1/1.