bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for symptoms of eating disorders: Reliability of the SCOFF screening tool with written compared to oral delivery
Authors: Perry Lin , Morgan John , Reid Fiona , Brunton Joan , O'Brien Aileen , Luck Amy , Lacey Hubert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe validity of the SCOFF delivered orally as a screening tool for eating disorders has previously been established, but clinical screening for eating disorders also occurs via written format, for example, in occupational health settings. The objective was to compare responses to the SCOFF between verbal and written administration.MethodIn a volunteer group of nursing and midwifery students at a South London University SCOFF was delivered orally at interview and via written questionnaire. Order was allocated randomly with repeat administration interrupted by distraction questions.ResultsThere were 185 students who participated, providing 178 fully completed responses. Twenty subjects were male. There was overall agreement in the scores of 157 subjects (88.2%), providing a kappa coefficient of 0.811, with agreement in prediction of eating disorder for 167 (93.8%) and a kappa value of 0.824 (both p < 0.001). For 82 subjects administered the SCOFF verbally first followed by the written version, the kappa statistic was 0.752 (p < 0.001). For 96 subjects with SCOFF administered in reverse order (written form first), kappa was 0.862 (p < 0.001).DiscussionResults demonstrated overall good replicability of the SCOFF administered as a written questionnaire compared to oral interview. Two trends were noted. The first was towards higher scores with written versus oral delivery irrespective of order, possibly indicating enhanced disclosure via written format. The second was of less consistency where verbal preceded written responses. Altogether findings support use of the SCOFF where a concise, valid and reliable screening for eating disorders is required in written form. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 466–472, 2002.
Specialized mucous glands and their possible adaptive role in the males of some species of rana (amphibia, anura)
Authors: Brizzi Rossana , Delfino Giovanni , Pellegrini Roberta 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA structural and ultrastructural study was carried out on the cutaneous glands in some species of Rana (R. dalmatina, R. iberica, R. italica, R. “esculenta,” and R. perezi), giving particular attention to the mucous secretory units. Two different types of mucous glands occur in R. dalmatina, R. iberica, and R. italica. Besides the ordinary mucous units, which are randomly distributed over the body surface in both males and females, a further population of mucous glands was observed on the male dorsal skin. The latter is recognizable by the peculiar morphology of the epithelial cells and some characteristics of the secretory product. Specialized mucous glands are absent in both sexes of R. “esculenta” and R. perezi. The possible adaptive role of the specialized mucous glands is discussed in light of the absence of vocal sacs in males of R. dalmatina, R. iberica, and R. italica. Chemosignals released by sexually dimorphic mucous units may replace vocal communication during the breeding season and so play an important role in female attraction and/or territorial announcement. The morphology and possible function of the specialized mucous glands in the three species of Rana are compared with the breeding glands of other frogs and with the hedonic glands of some urodeles (Salamandridae and Plethodontidae), which are known to produce pheromonal substances during courtship. J. Morphol. 254:328–341, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular control of lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Baldwin Megan E. , Stacker Steven A. , Achen Marc G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe lymphatic vasculature plays a critical role in the regulation of body fluid volume and immune function. Extensive research into the molecular mechanisms that control blood vessel growth has led to identification of molecules that also regulate development and growth of the lymphatic vessels. This is generating a great deal of interest in the molecular control of the lymphatics in the context of embryogenesis, lymphatic disorders and tumor metastasis. Studies in animal models carried out over the past three years have shown that the soluble protein growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C and VEGF‐D, and their cognate receptor tyrosine kinase, VEGF receptor‐3 (VEGFR‐3), are critical regulators of lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, disfunction of VEGFR‐3 has recently been shown to cause lymphedema. The capacity to induce lymphangiogenesis by manipulation of the VEGF‐C/VEGF‐D/VEGFR‐3 signaling pathway offers new opportunities to understand the function of the lymphatic system and to develop novel treatments for lymphatic disorders. BioEssays 24:1030–1040, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
Sex ratio and rheumatic disease: excerpts from an Institute of Medicine report
Authors: Lockshin Md 
Published: October 2002

Some autoimmune diseases have high female/male (F/M) ratios. Definitions and classi”cations of autoimmune diseases differ, as do the F/M ratios themselves. The sex ratio of lupus is the single most prominent, little explored clinical fact that may lead to understanding of how lupus and other autoimmune diseases occur. The objective of this study was to evaluate evidence for causes of high F/M ratios of autoimmune and non-immunologic diseases. This was done by a literature review. Some thyroid, rheumatic and hepatic diseases consistently have high F/M ratios; other autoimmune diseases have low ratios. Because F/M ratios reflect disease incidence, not disease severity, an intrinsic biologic cause for the F/M ratios (such as estrogen) would be likely to act through a threshold or permissive mechanism rather than through quantitative immunomodulation. Sex differences related to environmental exposure, X-inactivation, imprinting, X or Y chromosome genes and intrauterine influences are other possible explanations for sex differences of incidence. The epidemiology of the sex discrepant autoimmune diseases, young, female, suggests that an explanation for sex discrepancy lies in differential exposure, vulnerable periods or thresholds, rather than in quantitative aspects of immunomodulation.
Mechanisms of monocrotophos resistance in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Authors: Ren Xiaoxia , Han Zhaojun , Wang Yinchang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInsensitive acetylcholinesterase was identified as a resistance mechanism by comparing biochemical analysis with a laboratory selected monocrotophos resistant cotton bollworm (RR: 200) and the susceptible strain. The cDNA encoding AChE was cloned by the method of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The complete AChE gene deduced from the cDNA consisted of a putative signal peptide of 32 amino acid residues, a mature protein of 615 residues, 5′ untranslated regions (UTR) of 315 bp and 3′ UTR of 324 bp. The coding sequence had a high degree of homology to the AChE from other insect species reported in the GenBank. After comparing analysis of the entire AChE gene sequence from 5 resistant and 6 susceptible cotton bollworm individuals, nine mutations were identified. One of them, the Ala/Thr mutation, is likely to be responsible for the AChE insensitivity to monocrotophos. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 51:103–110, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An enhanced role model for alleviating the role‐binding anomaly
Authors: Lee Joon‐Sang , Bae Doo‐Hwan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRoles and role models have received much attention as useful concepts for developing highly reusable and dynamically evolvable systems. Role models belong to the category of collaboration‐based development techniques, but most of the existing approaches to role models do not explicitly incorporate the core principle of collaboration‐based developments as an essential property of their primary design goals. Consequently, the existing approaches still suffer from a problematic phenomenon that the structural and behavioral constraints defined in a role system can be violated during the role‐binding stage. We call such a problematic phenomenon the role‐binding anomaly. In order to alleviate the role‐binding anomaly, we propose an enhanced role model, in which all role instances and core objects can exist by themselves, namely, they can be developed, executed, and tested independently. Roles and core classes can be bound to each other at the instance level. In addition, the role system describes and encapsulates the behavior for dynamic reconfigurations among role instances. The enhanced role model is designed so as to be meaningful with respect to software engineering principles, rather than dynamic evolution. It also facilitates role model implementation using general programming languages (i.e. not supporting dynamic specialization) such as Java. To illustrate how the proposed role model makes such benefits, we develop a set of Java classes necessary for implementing the enhanced role model in the form of a Java package role, and present a simplified automatic teller machine system as an example application. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a Lisp‐based preprocessor for TEX documents
Authors: Iwasaki Hideya 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTEX allows users to define a macro that abstracts a sequence of typesetting commands. However, defining macros is not easy for most users, because the mechanism of macro expansion in TEX is complicated. As a remedy for this situation, a new system that enables users to define macros for TEX documents as Lisp programs has been developed. The system acts as a preprocessor for TEX; given a document that contains Lisp programs as S‐expressions, the system expands each S‐expression on the basis of Lisp's evaluation rules, thus generating an ordinary TEX document. The system is very flexible and easy‐to‐use, thanks to the underlying language's general‐purpose data structure, i.e. the S‐expression, applicative order evaluation, and rich set of predefined functions. This paper also demonstrates that the proposed system is really effective for practical use by giving some concrete examples of Lisp macros, some of which are difficult to define in terms of TEX commands. The system is currently implemented on the Emacs Lisp, and a user‐friendly environment is thus available in the Emacs text editor. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identity processes and the positive youth development of African Americans: An explanatory framework
Authors: Swanson Dena Phillips , Spencer Margaret Beale , dell'Angelo Tabitha , Harpalani Vinay , Spencer Tirzah R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis chapter presents Spencer's phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory, or PVEST (1995), as a conceptual framework for examining positive youth development. Contextual factors affecting racial and gender identity of African American youth are discussed, with the focus on the influence of schools and religious institutions.
Cloning, expression, and regulation by androgens of a putative member of the oxytocinase family of proteins in the rat prostate
Authors: Arenas María Isabel , Pérez‐Márquez Julio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDProteases are relevant in the physiology of the prostate, and its expression is regulated by androgens.METHODSIsolation of a novel cDNA from the rat prostate was done by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. By Northern blot, we analyzed the RNA expression in different tissues and in the prostate after orchidectomy and androgen treatment. By using in situ hybridization, we studied the cellular localization of the RNA.RESULTSThe cDNA codes a putative novel form of the vp‐165 aminopeptidase family of proteins that we named short‐vp. The short‐vp probe labels one mRNA of 1.3 kb in the prostate, brain, testis, heart, and kidney. In the prostate, the levels of short‐vp mRNA decrease after orchidectomy and increase with testosterone treatment. The short‐vp mRNA is expressed by the prostatic epithelial cells.CONCLUSIONWe isolated one putative member of the oxytocinase family of proteins that is expressed in various tissues and by the epithelial cells of the prostate. The expression of short‐vp mRNA in the prostate depends on androgen levels. Prostate 53: 218–224, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In Vitro Assessment of Protamine Toxicity with Neural Cells, Its Therapeutic Potential to Counter Chondroitin Sulfate Mediated Neuron Inhibition, and Its Effects on Reactive Astrocytes
Authors: Nelson Derek W. , Funnell Jessica L. , Cheung Conrad H. , Quinones Geraldine B. , Mendoza Christina S. , Bentley Marvin , Gilbert Ryan J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultiple therapies have been studied to ameliorate the neuroinhibitory cues present after traumatic injury to the central nervous system. Two previous in vitro studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the Food and Drug Administration‐approved cardiovascular therapeutic, protamine (PRM), to overcome neuroinhibitory cues presented by chondroitin sulfates; however, the effect of a wide range of PRM concentrations on neuronal and glial cells has not been evaluated. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of PRM with primary cortical neurons, hippocampal neurons, mixed glial cultures, and astrocytes. The threshold for PRM toxicity is shown to be at or above 10 µg mL−1 depending on the cell population, that 10 µg mL−1 PRM enables neurons to overcome the inhibitory cues presented by chondroitin sulfate type A, and that soluble PRM allows neurons to more effectively overcome inhibition compared to a PRM coating. Changes in gene expression of reactive astrocytes is also assessed with soluble PRM and it is determined that PRM does not increase their neurotoxic phenotype and that PRM may reduce brevican and serpin transcription in cortical and spinal cord astrocytes. This is the first study to thoroughly assess the toxicity threshold of PRM with neural cells and study astrocyte response after acute exposure to PRM in vitro.
Treatment preferences among Japanese patients and physicians for epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hata Akito , Fifer Simon , Hasegawa Kazuo , Ando Emiko , Kasahara‐Kiritani Mami , Takahashi Michiko , Ordman Robyn , Toh Lili , Inoue Akira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionEvidence is limited on preferences of Japanese patients and physicians in treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several oral or intravenous novel agents for EGFR exon 20 insertions are under development. The aim of our study was to investigate which attributes of novel treatments influenced selection of oral or intravenous agents among treated patients and treating physicians in Japan.MethodsThe study was designed by board‐certified oncologists, patient representatives, and analytics specialists. Eligible participants completed an online survey with a discrete choice experiment presenting two treatment profiles described by attributes: mode of administration (oral or intravenous); frequency of administration; overall response rate (ORR); average progression‐free survival (PFS); chance of experiencing severe side effects (SEs); mild–moderate gastrointestinal SEs; mild–moderate skin‐related SEs; and patient out‐of‐pocket costs.ResultsFifty‐four patients (all self‐reported EGFR‐mutant) and 74 physicians participated from December 2021 to August 2022. All attributes being equal, there was greater preference for oral administration. However, there was greater preference for intravenous over oral, when ORR and PFS improved by 10% and 1 month, and severe SEs reduced by 10%. Physicians exhibited greater preference for PFS compared to patients (p < 0.01). Ranked order of attribute importance was as follows: (1) PFS; (2) ORR; (3) severe SEs, expressed by patients and physicians alike.ConclusionsOur study revealed Japanese physician and patient preferences in treatment options for EGFR‐mutant NSCLC. Compared to the strong preference for a more efficacious drug, the preference of oral versus intravenous revealed a smaller impact.
Clinical Study on the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori by Vonoprazan Combined with Amoxicillin for 10‐Day Dual Therapy
Authors: Yan Kunfeng , Dai Xiaorong , Li Zhenxing , Rong Weiwei , Chen Lei , Diao Xinxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVonoprazan holds significant research promise for Helicobacter pylori eradication, with the goal of determining the most effective drug regimen. In this study, H. pylori patients (426) were enrolled and randomized into 3 groups: an EA14 group (20 mg of esomeprazole qid and 1000 mg of amoxicillin tid for 14 days), a VA14 group (20 mg of vonoprazan bid and 750 mg of amoxicillin qid for 14 days), and a VA10 group (20 mg of vonoprazan bid and 1000 mg of amoxicillin tid for 10 days). Key outcomes encompassed the H. pylori eradication rate, patient adverse effects, and compliance. In the EA14, VA14, and VA10 groups, H. pylori eradication rates were 89.4%, 90.1%, and 88.7% in intention‐to‐treat analysis, and 94.2%, 94.4%, and 94.6% in per‐protocol analysis, respectively. Adverse events incidences were 14.8%, 12.7%, and 5.6%, while compliance rates were 88.7%, 90.9%, and 95.8%, respectively. Notably, the VA10 regimen demonstrated comparable H. pylori eradication rates, adverse effect incidences, and compliance levels to the EA14 and VA14 regimens.
Quantifying the Ground‐State Hydrogen‐Bond Formation of a Super‐Photoacid by Inspecting Its Excited‐State Dynamics.
Authors: Choi Ye‐Jin , Nho Hak‐Won , Kim Ye‐Jin , Kwon Oh‐Hoon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Front Cover image is provided by Ye‐Jin Choi, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (Republic of Korea). The image shows the excited‐state proton transfer and proposed influence of medium polarity on the hydrogen‐bond formation between a cationic photoacid and a base in the ground state. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202300164.
Influence of different codes on the performance of SAC‐OCDMA over FSO link
Authors: Das Nabamita , Islam Md. Jahedul 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis paper evaluates the performance of a spectral‐amplitude‐coding optical code division multiple access (SAC‐OCDMA) system over a free space optical (FSO) communication link under various weather conditions such as fog, snow, and rain. The system uses different code families, including modified quadrature congruence (MQC), random diagonal (RD), and diagonal eigenvalue unity (DEU), to address user codes and reduce the effects of multiple access interference (MAI). The system's bit error rate (BER) performance has been analyzed taking into account receiver noises and MAI, and calculates the required optical power for a BER value of 10−9 under different weather conditions. The results show that fog has the most significant impact on the system's performance, while rainy conditions require the lowest optical power. The performance of the system also declines with increasing transmission length and concurrent user count. Finally, the paper compares the performance of different code families under unfavorable weather conditions and concludes that DEU performs better than MQC and RD in bad weather.
Metallocarbenes as Substituents in 8‐Electron Electrocyclizations
Authors: Cao Yumeng , Kong Wang‐Yeuk , DeSnoo William , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDensity functional theory was used to elucidate the mechanism and the pericyclicity of chromium‐catalyzed bicyclization reactions that purportedly involve 8‐electron electrocyclization steps. Our computational results indicate that these reactions do indeed proceed via 8‐electron electrocyclization rather than an alternative pathway involving 4‐electron electrocyclization followed by Cope rearrangement. The role of C=[M] groups on the electrocyclization, specifically its pericyclicity, was examined in detail using modern theoretical tools.
Moving forward in the world: Outcomes and communication for effective reform
Authors: Salvatore Leonardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent years have given rise to an overwhelming number of challenges, thus complicating the prioritization of desirable outcomes in education. Clarity of purpose is difficult to generate when competing forces rage simultaneously. Yet, success in education reform depends on clear objectives. To encourage clarity in thought and action, this short essay discusses three salient notions: essential outcomes, communication pathways between micro, meso, and macro levels, and the practical ramifications of limited conceptions of “world.” In the inquisitive and explorative spirit of CIES, and in line with the queries that prompted this response, I offer a series of related reflections for each notion, which I hope will spark conversation and embolden our commitment to critical deliberations and thoughtful initiative.
Supercharging metabolic health with Lycium barbarum L.: A review of the therapeutic potential of this functional food for managing metabolic syndrome
Authors: Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Quetglas‐Llabrés Maria Magdalena , Sureda Antoni , Mardones Lorena , Villagran Marcelo , Sönmez Gürer Eda , Živković Jelena , Ezzat Shahira M. , Zayed Ahmed , Gümüşok Safa , Sibel Kılıç Ceyda , Fasipe Babatunde , Laher Ismail , Martorell Miquel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder involving a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and atherogenic profile. MetS is characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and a chronic proinflammatory state, which are directly related to the development and progression of this pathology. It has been seen how a healthy lifestyle and good dietary practices are key to improving the different metabolic parameters and, therefore, play a fundamental role in reducing the risk of developing diabetes. The present review focuses on the research evidence related to the therapeutic properties of Lycium barbarum L. in MetS gathered in the last years. Several preclinical studies suggest that L. barbarum extracts are a good dietary supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people with MetS. This compound has been used for years in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of atrophic gastritis, problems related to the lungs, kidneys, and liver, and as a supplement for eye health. In addition, different in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out that support the properties attributed to metabolites derived from L. barbarum, such as polysaccharides that have been shown diverse biological activities. In conclusion, L. barbarum extracts have multiple benefits to increase general well‐being and immune function. However, there are a limited number of studies related to effect of L. barbarum in MetS, but they demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, and prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2 complication.