bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of TmTak1 silencing on AMP production as an Imd pathway component in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Hwang Su Hyeon , Jang Ho Am , Kojour Maryam Ali Mohammadie , Yun Keunho , Lee Yong Seok , Han Yeon Soo , Jo Yong Hun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMealworms beetles, Tenebrio molitor, are the limelight next-generation food for humans due to their high nutrient contents. Since Tenebrio molitor is used as feed for pets and livestock in addition to their ability to decompose polystyrene and plastic waste, it is recognized as an insect with an industrial core value. Therefore, it is important to study the immune mechanism related to the development and infection of mealworms for mass breeding purposes. The immune deficiency (Imd) signaling is one of the main pathways with pivotal roles in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase (TAK1) is one of the Imd pathway components, forms a complex with TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) to ultimately help activate the transcription factor Relish and eventually induce host to produce AMPs. Relatively, little has been revealed about TAK1 in insect models, especially in the T. molitor. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the function of TmTak1 in T. molitor. Our results showed that the highest and lowest mRNA expression of TmTak1 were found in egg and young larvae respectively. The tissue-specific expression patterns were reported in the gut of T. molitor larvae and the fat bodies of adults. Systemic microbial challenge illustrated TmTak1 high expression following the fungal infection in all dissected tissues except for the whole body. However, silencing TmTak1 experiments showed that the survivability of T. molitor larvae affected significantly following Escherichia coli infection. Accordingly, AMP induction after TmTak1 knock down was mainly reported in the integument and the fat bodies.
Study of the effects of bio-silica nanoparticle additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from waste fat
Authors: Jayabal Ravikumar , Soundararajan Gopinath , Kumar R. Ashok , Choubey Gautam , Devarajan Yuvarajan , Raja T. , Kaliappan Nandagopal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNumerous countries are investigating alternative fuel sources in response to the escalating issue of energy inadequacy. Using environmentally sustainable biodiesel as a potential alternative to fossil fuels, particularly from waste sources, is a developing prospect. This study aims to examine the feasibility of utilizing industry leather waste as a diesel fuel substitute. Traditional transesterification was used to obtain methyl ester out of leather waste. After processing, 81.93% of methyl ester was produced. Bio-silica (Bio-Si) is used as a fuel additive to enhance combustion and decrease emissions. This work utilized a leather industry waste fat biodiesel (LIWFB), LIWFB blend (B50), LIWFB blend with Bio-Si nanoparticles (B50Bio-Si50, B50Bio-Si75, and B50Bio-Si100 ppm) to analyze the engine outcome parameters at standard operating conditions. Experimental results revealed that adding Bio-Si in the biodiesel blend increased thermal brake efficiency (BTE) but was lower in diesel fuel. The biodiesel blends reduced NOx emissions more than Bio-Si nanoparticle blends. Furthermore, the smoke opacity was reduced by 31.87%, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced by 34.14%, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were decreased by 43.97%, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were slightly increased by 4.45% for B50Bio-Si100 blend compared to neat diesel. This investigation determined that all the emissions remained lower for all combinations than neat diesel, with a small increase in NOx emissions. Therefore, the LIWFB blend with Bio-Si nanoparticles was a viable diesel fuel alternative in diesel engines.
Quiet point engineering for low-noise microwave generation with soliton microcombs
Authors: Triscari Andrea C. , Tusnin Aleksandr , Tikan Alexey , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow-noise microwave signals can be efficiently generated with microresonator-based dissipative Kerr solitons (microcombs). However, the phase noise level in integrated microcombs is presently several orders of magnitude above the limit imposed by fundamental thermorefractive noise, resulting from residual pump laser frequency noise transduction to the soliton repetition rate. This effect can be substantially reduced by accessing a quiet point (QP) in the parameter space, where the transduction is compensated by the dispersive wave (DW) recoil, which conventionally relies on accidental mode crossings. Here we present a method to deterministically engineer the QP, both in terms of spectral width and position, and we discover a continuum of possible QPs within the soliton existence region. Using two controlled mode crossings, we obtain regions where the QPs interact with each other, extending the noise suppression range. Our work demonstrates a promising way to reach the fundamental limit of low-noise microwave generation in integrated microcombs.
Hierarchical generative modelling for autonomous robots
Authors: Yuan Kai , Sajid Noor , Friston Karl , Li Zhibin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHumans generate intricate whole-body motions by planning, executing and combining individual limb movements. We investigated this fundamental aspect of motor control and approached the problem of autonomous task completion by hierarchical generative modelling with multi-level planning, emulating the deep temporal architecture of human motor control. We explored the temporal depth of nested timescales, where successive levels of a forward or generative model unfold, for example, object delivery requires both global planning and local coordination of limb movements. This separation of temporal scales suggests the advantage of hierarchically organizing the global planning and local control of individual limbs. We validated our proposed formulation extensively through physics simulation. Using a hierarchical generative model, we showcase that an embodied artificial intelligence system, a humanoid robot, can autonomously complete a complex task requiring a holistic use of locomotion, manipulation and grasping: the robot adeptly retrieves and transports a box, opens and walks through a door, kicks a football and exhibits robust performance even in the presence of body damage and ground irregularities. Our findings demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of human-inspired motor control for an embodied artificial intelligence robot, highlighting the viability of the formulized hierarchical architecture for achieving autonomous completion of challenging goal-directed tasks.
Fingerprinting construction sand-supply networks for traceable sourcing
Authors: Sickmann Zachary T. , Lammers Nicholas C. , Torres Aurora 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlobally increasing demand for construction sand needs to be met with transparent and responsible supply-networks. Currently, there are few scalable methods for tracing construction sand distribution without direct observation. He wee examined sand “fingerprinting” as a tool to trace construction sand supply-networks from “source to sink” in a case study from Texas, USA. Both natural bulk major element and optical petrography fingerprints are preserved through construction sand processing and transport such that sand can be tied back to its original mining source even at the final point of distribution. Additionally, we developed an image analysis model called sandID that is ~90% effective at determining the original mining source of sand in the study area. Our results demonstrate that sand fingerprinting, has untapped potential to support traceability and certification schemes and to support monitoring and enforcement in areas where there are concerns about illegal, illicit or simply unknown construction sand sourcing.
The building blocks of community participation in local climate meetings
Authors: Almeida Paul , González Luis Rubén , Flores Edward Orozco , Curry Venise , Padilla Ana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo make greater strides in reducing city-level greenhouse gas emissions, more collaboration between civil society and local governments is necessary. Participation in neighborhood and town meetings about climate change sets the stage for enduring community involvement in resiliency and mitigation planning. This study examines the correlates of individual interest in attending local climate meetings. The work is based on a random sample of 1950 registered voters in Fresno, California (the fifth-largest city in the state). The findings suggest that those individuals with ties to capacity-building organizations in the labor and community sectors were the most willing to attend meetings about climate change. The types of civic engagement activities encouraged by labor unions and community-based organizations (CBOs) were also associated with a greater willingness to participate in gatherings about global warming. Increasing public participation in local climate programs may be enhanced by investing in the types of civic organizations that specialize in mobilizing residents to engage in municipal initiatives.
Sound-meaning associations allow listeners to infer the meaning of foreign language words
Authors: Hayakawa Sayuri , Marian Viorica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn attribute of human language is the seemingly arbitrary association between a word’s form and meaning. We provide evidence that the meaning of foreign words can be partially deduced from phonological form. Monolingual English speakers listened to 45 antonym word pairs in nine foreign languages and judged which English words corresponded to these words’ respective meanings. Despite no proficiency in the foreign language tested, participants’ accuracy was higher than chance in each language. Words that shared meaning across languages were more likely to share phonological form. Accuracy in judging meaning from form was associated with participants’ verbal working memory and with how consistently phonological and semantic features of words covaried across unrelated languages. A follow-up study with native Spanish speakers replicated the results. We conclude that sound maps to meaning in natural languages with some regularity, and sensitivity to form-meaning mappings indexes broader cognitive functions.
Measure of Auditory Working Memory Span Using Monosyllabic Word Recognition Test in Young Adults With Normal Hearing: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Sungmin , Lee Soo Jung 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Measuring working memory at hearing clinics is important. This study attempted to develop a test protocol that measures auditory working memory using a standardized monosyllabic word list in Korean Speech Audiometry (KSA).

Method:
We included 25 young adults with normal hearing in this study. Participants conducted word recognition and word span tests concurrently using the KSA monosyllabic word lists. We designed four test conditions according to the presence or absence of background noise and word recall order: quiet-forward (QF), quiet-backward (QB), noise-forward, (NF), and noise-backward (NB). We implemented digit span tests in the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–IV (K-WAIS-IV) to determine the validity of the working memory outcomes.

Results:
Word recognition scores of QF and QB were significantly higher than those of NF and NB. The percentages of correctly recalled words and word recall span scores were highest in QF and lowest in NB. Overall, the Pearson correlation and multiple regression statistics showed that our word span test outcomes for QB and NF were highly associated with digit span scores on the K-WAIS-IV.

Conclusion:
Our proposed test protocol showed the possibility of measuring auditory working memory and monosyllabic word recognition simultaneously by validating the results with K-WAIS-IV outcomes.
Self-Reported Symptoms of Vertigo and Imbalance Are Prevalent Among Adults With Chronic Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Romero Daniel J. , Feller Jessica , Clough Sharice , Jacobson Gary , Roberts Richard A. , Duff Melissa 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Dizziness and imbalance are common symptoms during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is evidence to suggest that these symptoms persist into the chronic phase of injury. Few prospective studies have examined the frequency and type of dizziness and imbalance in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI. The aim of this preliminary analysis was to investigate the prevalence of these symptoms in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI.

Method:
Twenty-four adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI and a group of 19 age-, sex-, and education-matched noninjured comparison participants were recruited. Self-reported dizziness and imbalance were measured using a modified version of a standard case history form. Significant associations between group (TBI group or noninjured comparison [NC] participants) and self-reports of dizziness, imbalance, and related symptoms (endorsed “yes” or “no”) were explored.

Results:
The TBI group most reported lightheadedness (75%), vertigo (38%), and imbalance and/or falling (46%). The most common related symptom reported by the TBI group was headache (63%) and nausea (46%). Significant associations revealed that the TBI group responded “yes” in higher percentages than the NC group across all categories (dizziness, imbalance, and related symptoms). There were no statistically significant relationships among dizziness, imbalance, or headache symptoms within the TBI group.

Conclusions:
These preliminary findings suggest that dizziness and imbalance are prevalent in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI. Persistent vertiginous symptoms may point to an underlying vestibular impairment. However, further research is needed to characterize vestibular function in chronic moderate–severe TBI.
Systemtherapien bei metastasierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen – ein Update
Authors: Brandenburg Tim , Machlah Yara Maria , Führer-Sakel Dagmar 
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?
Radiojodrefraktäre differenzierte Schilddrüsenkarzinome Die Wirksamkeit der Multikinase-Inhibitoren Lenvatinib und Sorafenib kann anhand von „Real-world“-Anwendungsdaten verschiedener Krebszentren weltweit gezeigt werden. Zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen rrDTC (radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer) steht Cabozantinib als Zweitlinienpräparat nach Progress unter Lenvatinib und/oder Sorafenib zur Verfügung. Bislang zeigte sich weiter eine geringe Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine medikamentöse Vorbehandlung zu einer Redifferenzierung mit anschließender erfolgreicher Radiojodtherapie führt. Eine aktuelle französische Studie berichtet hingegen von erfolgreicher Redifferenzierung bei bis zu 95% (20/21) der Patienten mit rrDTC.
Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom Basierend auf einer erfolgten Beobachtungsstudie und einer Neubewertung der ZETA-Studie erfolgte eine Zulassungsänderung für Vandetanib. Die Indikation besteht seit Januar 2023 nur noch beim aggressiven, fortgeschrittenen medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom mit positivem RET-Mutationsnachweis. Der selektive RET-Kinase-Inhibitor Selpercatinib steht seit 09/2022 auch in Erstlinie zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen RET-mutierten medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms zur Verfügung. Weitere „Next-Generation-Inhibitoren“ (z.B. LOXO-260) werden bereits in Phase-I-Studien getestet.
Anaplastisches Schilddrüsenkarzinom Das anaplastische Schilddrüsenkarzinom besitzt unverändert eine schlechte Prognose, obwohl einige Fortschritte in der Therapie Zuversicht geben. Von entscheidender Bedeutung sind eine schnelle molekularpathologische Evaluation von Treibermutationen, die Möglichkeit der Durchführung von Immuntherapien sowie der Zugang zu klinischen Studien.
Pulmonale Hypertonie – Die neue ESC-Leitlinie
Authors: Held Matthias , Wilkens Heinrike 
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?
Anpassung der Definition sowie der Risikoeinschätzung Die aktuelle, sehr differenzierte Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der pulmonalen Hypertonie (PH) definiert PH ab einem mittleren pulmonal-arteriellen Druck (mPAP) von >20mmHg und einem pulmonalen Gefäßwiderstand (PVR) von >2WE (Wood-Einheiten). Der Diagnosealgorithmus beginnt in der hausärztlichen Versorgung 1.
Erkennen von Risikoerkrankungen und frühen Zeichen als Basis für die frühere Diagnosestellung Die Diagnostik beginnt in der Hausarztpraxis. Das Erkennen von frühen Anzeichen und die Kenntnis der Risikoerkrankungen ist bedeutsam für das weitere Vorgehen.
Therapiesteuerung je nach Komorbiditäten und Risikoeinschätzung Bei der pulmonal-arteriellen Hypertonie (PAH), die als Vaskulopathie unbehandelt eine schlechte Prognose hat, entscheidet das Vorhandensein kardialer und pulmonaler Komorbiditäten einerseits und die Risikoeinschätzung über die initiale Therapie.
Besondere Lebenssituationen bei PH Eine Schwangerschaft bei Frauen mit PAH ist weiterhin signifikant mit mütterlicher und neonataler Sterblichkeit verbunden. Eine generelle Empfehlung zur Art der Anästhesie kann bei anstehenden operativen Eingriffen nicht gegeben werden, es erfolgt eine individualisierte Entscheidung. PH-Patienten sollten Höhenlagen >1500m ohne zusätzlichen Sauerstoff vermeiden.
Besonderheiten bei PH der Gruppen 2 und 3 Patienten mit schwerer PH (PVR >5WE) sollten zum Studieneinschluss oder zur individuellen Therapie im PH-Zentrum vorgestellt werden.
Neueste Erkenntnisse zum myelodysplastischen Syndrom
Authors: Petzer Verena , Wolf Dominik 
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?
Neuerungen – Klassifikation und Prognose Die WHO-2016-Klassifikation wurde durch die ICC und die Klassifikation der WHO 2022 abgelöst. Die beiden Klassifikationen weisen viele Ähnlichkeiten auf; den größten Unterschied stellt der Blastengrenzwert dar. Seit 2022 steht der IPSS-M, der molekulare Aberrationen berücksichtigt, zur Verfügung und verbessert im Vergleich zum IPSS-R die Prognosegenauigkeit für das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben. Somit soll eine optimierte therapeutische Entscheidungsfindung ermöglicht werden.
Neuerungen – Therapie 2020 wurde Luspatercept für transfusionsabhängige Patient*innen mit Ringsideroblasten ± einer SF3B1-Mutation zugelassen. Rezent konnte die Überlegenheit von Luspatercept in der ersten Linie gegenüber EPO gezeigt werden. Mit Imetelstat können wir in Zukunft ggf. eine neue Zweitlinientherapie für LR-MDS-Patient*innen nach Versagen von EPO anbieten. Für High-Risk-Patient*innen ist die Therapie mit Azacitidin weiterhin der Therapiestandard – die Ergebnisse der Phase-III-Studien der Kombinationstherapien müssen abgewartet werden.
SGLT2-Inhibitoren für Herz und Niere
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?
Funktion von SGLT2-Inhibitoren und pathophysiologische Effekte Natrium-Glukose-Co-Transporter-2-Inhibitoren (SGLT2) können die Glukose-Reabsorption im proximalen Tubulus blockieren und spielen damit eine wichtige Rolle in der Zuckerkontrolle beim Diabetes mellitus.
Erweiterung des Einsatzgebietes von SGLT2 Zusätzlich zur glukosurischen Wirkung wurden eher überraschend sehr umfangreiche, weitere positive Effekte bei chronischen Nierenfunktionsstörungen beobachtet. Auch zeigte sich eine starke kardioprotektive Wirkung bei der Herzinsuffizienz. Mittlerweile wurden zahlreiche Mechanismen abseits der reinen zuckerbeeinflussenden Wirkung der SGLT2-Inhibitioren identifiziert, die sowohl das Herz als auch die Niere direkt positiv beeinflussen können.
Sprach- und Hörstörungen im Jugendalter
Authors: Hirschfelder Anke , Hahn Laura Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungKommunikative Einschränkungen im Jugendalter stellen eine gravierende Barriere zur Teilhabe und Identitätsbildung dar. Der Artikel fasst relevante Störungen der Sprache und des Hörens in dieser vulnerablen Lebensphase zusammen und zeigt an einem Fallbeispiel exemplarisch Herausforderungen und Potenziale in der Praxis mit jugendlichen Patient*innen auf.
Utility of the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator in a Low-Risk Population
Authors: Sonney Kelley M. , Tomasini Dakota , Aden James K. , Drumm Caitlin M. 
Published: November 2023

Objective To compare early-onset sepsis (EOS) risk estimation and recommendations for infectious evaluation and/or empiric antibiotics using a categorical risk assessment versus the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator in a low-risk population.
Study Design Retrospective chart review of late preterm (≥350/7–366/7 weeks' gestational age) and term infants born at the Brooke Army Medical Center between January 1, 2012 and August 29, 2019. We evaluated those born via cesarean section with rupture of membranes (ROM) < 10 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare recommendations from a categorical risk assessment versus the calculator.
Results We identified 1,187 infants who met inclusion criteria. A blood culture was obtained within 72 hours after birth from 234 (19.7%) infants and 170 (14.3%) received antibiotics per routine clinical practice, using categorical risk assessment. Respiratory distress was the most common indication for evaluation, occurring in 173 (14.6%) of patients. After applying the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator to this population, the recommendation was to obtain a blood culture on 166 (14%), to start or strongly consider starting empiric antibiotics on 164 (13.8%), and no culture or antibiotics on 1,021 (86%). Utilizing calculator recommendations would have led to a reduction in frequency of blood culture (19.7 vs. 14%, p < 0.0001) but no reduction in empiric antibiotics (14.3 vs. 13.8%, p = 0.53). There were no cases of culture-proven EOS.
Conclusion This population is low risk for development of EOS; however, 19.7% received an evaluation for infection and 14.3% received antibiotics. Utilization of the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator would have led to a significant reduction in the evaluation for EOS but no reduction in antibiotic exposure. Consideration of delivery mode and indication for delivery may be beneficial to include in risk assessments for EOS.
Key Points
Demonstrating the Value of Interventional Radiology
Authors: Fassia Mohammad-Kasim , Charalel Resmi , Talenfeld Adam D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile national healthcare expenditures per capita in the United States exceed those in all other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, measures of health outcomes in the United States lag behind those in peer nations. This combination of high healthcare spending and relatively poor health has led to attempts to identify high- and low-value healthcare services and to develop mechanisms to reimburse health care providers based on the value of the care delivered. This article investigates the meaning of value in healthcare and identifies specific services delivered by interventional radiologists that have accrued evidence that they meet criteria for high-value services. Recognizing the shift in reimbursement to high-value care, it is imperative that interventional radiology (IR) develop the evidence needed to articulate to all relevant stakeholders how IR contributes value to the system.