bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 2 Retentive Systems for Implant‐Supported Overdentures: Soft Tissue Management and Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Karabuda Cuneyt , Tosun Tosun , Ermis Evren , Ozdemir Tayfun 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the peri‐implant soft tissue health status of implants supporting overdentures with bar attachments or ball attachments in the mandible, as well as patient satisfaction with these attachment types.Methods: The study included a Dolder bar group with 18 cases (43 implants) and a ball attachment group with 18 cases (51 implants). The mean function period in the Dolder bar group was 49 months (range: 12 to 72 months) and in the ball attachment group, the mean was 23 months (range: 12 to 40 months). Implants were clinically evaluated by using a modified plaque index (mPI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and probing depths. Patient satisfaction with the treatment was recorded using a questionnaire.Results: mPI, probing depth, and mSBI did not statistically differ between groups (Mann‐Whitney U test, P >0.05). Patient satisfaction was similar with both retentive systems.Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, we concluded that there was no significant difference between the 2 attachment types used for implant‐supported overdentures with respect to the soft tissue health status or patient satisfaction. J Periodontol 2002;73:1067‐1070.
The Applicability of Half‐Mouth Examination to Periodontal Disease Assessment in Untreated Adult Populations
Authors: Dowsett Sherie A. , Eckert George J. , Kowolik Michael J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Data from whole‐mouth examinations are the gold standard for accurate assessment of periodontal disease. Since periodontal destruction exhibits left‐right symmetry, however, it is hypothesized that a half‐mouth exam provides an appropriate alternative to whole‐mouth assessment, with considerable advantage over a more limited partial‐mouth assessment of index teeth.Methods: Data from 2 untreated populations were utilized in the analyses. Half‐mouth (random diagonal quadrants) and Ramfjord teeth assessment was compared with whole‐mouth assessment as follows. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for mean plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) and for percentage of sites with PD ≥4, 5, or 6 mm; CAL ≥3, 4, 5, or 6 mm; and recession ≥3 mm to determine the agreement between the whole‐ and partial‐mouth assessment. Disease prevalence was also determined for both whole‐ and partialmouth assessments.Results: For mean PI, GI, PD, and CAL, both half‐mouth and Ramfjord teeth assessment provided an acceptable alternative to whole‐mouth assessment (ICCs >0.92). For percentage of sites above a specified threshold, ICCs were generally greater than 0.90 in all age cohorts for half‐mouth assessment, but consistently lower for Ramfjord teeth assessment. Ramfjord teeth assessment also considerably underestimated disease prevalence compared with half‐mouth assessment.Conclusions: These results support the use of a half‐mouth examination procedure, to conserve time, limit cost, and reduce patient and examiner fatigue while providing maximal clinical information. Ramfjord teeth assessment was not as suitable for evaluation of either disease extent or prevalence. J Periodontol 2002;73:975‐981.
The Role of Cigarette Smoking in the Association Between Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Hyman Jeffrey J. , Winn Deborah M. , Reid Britt C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for both coronary heart disease and periodontal disease. The goal of this study was to better understand the role of smoking in the relationship between periodontal disease and heart attack history.Methods: The study population consisted of 5,285 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 1988‐1994 and who were age 40 years or older when examined. The data analysis employed logistic regression models and accounted for the complex sampling design used in NHANES.Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, we only found significant associations between periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) and heart attack history for smokers, with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.64 (1.48 to 4.71), 3.84 (1.22 to 12.10) and 5.87 (1.91 to 18.00) for those with 2.0 to 2.99, 3.0 to 3.99, and 4 mm or more mean LOA, respectively. When the analysis was stratified by smoking status and tertile of age at heart attack, the statistically significant associations were limited to smokers who had a heart attack between the ages of 25 and 50 years, with odds ratios and 95% CI associated with increasing mean LOA for this group of 3.29 (1.35 to 8.04), 7.32 (1.60 to 33.51), and 8.04 (1.91 to 18.00), respectively.Conclusions: These results suggest that cigarette smoking is a necessary cofactor in the relationship between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease, and the increase in risk appears to be age dependent. However, the key role played by smoking in the etiology of both periodontal and heart diseases makes it difficult to determine how much of the observed association resulted from periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:988‐994.
Defect‐Determined Regenerative Options for Treating Periodontal Intrabony Defects in Baboons
Authors: Blumenthal Neil M. , Alves Mario E.A.F. , Al‐Huwais Salah , Hofbauer Ann Marie , Koperski Rebecca D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: In an effort to regenerate periodontal intrabony defects, the healing potential of the defect should determine what therapeutic modalities and materials are employed. The purpose of this study was to compare regenerative outcomes in baboon intrabony defects that were contained versus non‐contained, using various regenerative therapies.Methods: Nine adult baboons (Papio anubis) in good health were treated. Eighty‐six interproximal, intrabony defects were surgically created: 43 contained by 3 walls of bone; 43 non‐contained with a missing buccal wall. Chronicity and plaque accumulation were encouraged with wire ligature placement for 8 weeks. After ligature removal, scaling, and a 2‐ to 4‐week healing period, the defects were treated with the following therapies: collagen membrane (GTR), human demineralized freeze‐dried bone (DFDB) grafting (BG), combined therapy (GTR + BG) and a DFDB‐glycoprotein sponge matrix (MAT). Clinical healing responses were evaluated in 58 sites by changes in soft tissue (recession, probing, clinical attachment) and hard tissue (resorption, defect fill) parameters 6 months post‐treatment. Histologic evaluation (defect regeneration, connective tissue attachment, epithelial migration) was done on 26 sites.Results: For contained defects, no real significant clinical (ANOVA) or histologic differences existed among treatments. However, for noncontained defects, combined therapy (GTR + BG) demonstrated clinically significant (P ≤0.05, ANOVA) and histologically superior healing results over the other therapies tested.Conclusion: These results confirm a defect morphology directed rationale for periodontal intrabony therapy. J Periodontol 2003;74:10‐24.
Characterization of Biologically Active Cell Surface Components of a Periodontal Pathogen. The Roles of Major and Minor Fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Umemoto Toshio , Hamada Nobushiro 
Published: February 2005

Background: We previously reported that the presence of 2 different types of fimbriae expressed on the cell surface of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277. The initial event in most infectious diseases involves adhesion of pathogens to host tissues and subsequent invasion by the pathogens. To define the role of fimbriae in Porphyromonas gingivalis adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells, we have constructed fimbrial mutants. The involvement of P. gingivalis fimbriae in the invasion process and alveolar bone resorption in rats was examined.Methods: Inactivated mutants of 41‐K fimbrillin gene (fimA) and/or the 67‐K fimbrillin gene (mfa1) were constructed by a homologous recombination technique and compared among fimA mutant (MPG1), mfa1 mutant (MPG67), and double knockout mutant (MPG4167). Adherence and invasion of P. gingivalis was assessed in human oral epithelial KB cells. We used a rat model to examine the role of each type of fimbriae in alveolar bone loss by oral infection.Results: The adherence and invasion levels of the mutants were lower than the wild‐type strain. The bone loss of rats infected with the MPG1 was higher than that of those infected with MPG67. Moreover, the bone loss of rats infected with the double knockout mutant was significantly decreased compared to that of rats infected with the wild‐type strain.Conclusions: Data from this study suggest that not only the 41‐K fimbrial protein, but also the 67‐K fimbrial protein, play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2003;74:119‐122.
Long‐Term Results of Guided Tissue Regeneration Therapy in the Treatment of Class II Furcation Defects: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cury P.R. , Sallum E.A , Nociti F.H. , Sallum A.W. , Jeffcoat M.K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results after guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a bioabsorbable membrane in Class II furcation defects in mandibular molars over a 24‐month period.Methods: Nine patients with 2 comparable Class II furcation defects were included. The defects in each patient were randomly assigned to either test (GTR) or control (open flap debridement) group. Clinical measurements and standardized radiographs were taken at baseline, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The radiographs were analyzed by subtraction radiography.Results: There were significant probing depth reductions for both test and control groups (P <0.007, P <0.0005, respectively); however the differences between groups were not significant at any examination. The intra‐group and inter‐group differences in the vertical clinical attachment level gain were not significant (P >0.05). Over 24 months, a significant horizontal clinical attachment level gain was observed in the test group compared to control (P <0.03). In the test group, 2 sites showed complete closure, one was converted to Class I, and one tooth was lost due to root resorption. In the control group, 2 defects progressed to Class III over 24 months. At 6 months, the test group showed 0.14 mm of bone loss while the control group showed 0.86 mm of bone gain (P = 0.035). The inter‐group differences were not significant at 12, 18, and 24 months. A significant bone height gain was observed in the test group at 24 months when compared to the values obtained after 6 months (P = 0.015).Conclusion: GTR may provide a greater horizontal clinical attachment level gain with the possibility of complete closure of some defects and stability over time. J Periodontol 2003;74:3‐9.
Cyclosporin A‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Afonso Mônica , Bello Vilber de Oliveira , Shibli Jamil Awad , Sposto Maria Regina 
Published: February 2005

Background: The incidence of gingival overgrowth (GO) associated with the use of cyclosporin A (CsA) is controversial. In the present study, we determined the incidence of GO in Brazilian renal transplant patients treated with CsA and the possible associations between periodontal and pharmacological variables.Methods: The test group consisted of 20 renal transplant patients, and the control group included 20 non‐transplant patients. Periodontal conditions were evaluated based on the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and the rate of gingival overgrowth, together with pharmacological variables (daily CsA dose and duration of treatment).Results: A significant difference in PI (P<0.0001) and PD P<0.0001) was observed between groups, while GI (P = 0.15) did not differ significantly. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, a significant correlation was observed not only between GI (P<0.001; = 0.8141) and GO, but also for PD (P<0.001; r = 0.866) and GO. The other correlations were not statistically significant.Conclusions: We conclude that GO induced by CsA may vary according to the individual sensitivity of each patient and may or may not be correlated with other local factors (periodontal variables). J Periodontol 2003;74:51‐56.
Effects of Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibition on Gingival Tissue Levels of Prostaglandin E2 and Prostaglandin F2α and Clinical Parameters of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Vardar Saynur , Baylas Haluk , Huseyinov Afig 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a relatively selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor (nimesulide) and non‐selective COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibitor (naproxen) used as an adjunct to non‐surgical (scaling and root planing [SRP]) periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients on the gingival tissue (GT) levels of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2α.Methods: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis were divided into 3 groups of 10 each. One group received 100 mg of nimesulide; one received 275 mg of naproxen sodium; and the third group received placebo tablets in a 2 × 1 regimen for 10 days as an adjunct to SRP. GT samples were obtained before drug intake and on day 10. Plaque index (PI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) scores were recorded at baseline, day 10, and at 3 months; probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and at 3 months. The levels of PGE2 were detected using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the levels of PGF2α were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Differences among and within the groups were assessed using non‐parametric statistical analysis. Ten periodontally healthy individuals served as controls.Results: All 3 groups showed statistically significant reductions in PBI and PI on day 10 and at 3 months (P<0.02), and in PD and CAL at 3 months (P<0.02, P<0.05, respectively). In the naproxen group, GT PGE2 levels exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.05). However, the decrease of GT PGE2 levels in the nimesulide group was insignificant (P>0.05), while a significant increase was observed in the placebo group (P<0.05) on day 10. Both the nimesulide and naproxen groups showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in PGF2α level, while the placebo group showed a significant increase (P<0.05).Conclusions: Nimesulides, relatively selective COX‐2 inhibitors, may have additional inhibitory effects on GT PGF2α levels in the first week following non‐surgical periodontal treatment. However, nimesulide has an insignificant effect on reducing PGE2 levels in gingival tissue. The determination of GT levels of COX‐1 and COX‐2 enzymes as well as PGE2 and PGF2α in long‐term studies may provide further support for the adjunctive use of selective COX‐2 inhibitors in treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2003;74:57‐63.
Interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis with Host Cells: Implications for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Kuramitsu Howard K. , Kang In‐Chol , Qi Minshan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a contribution of periodontitis in atherosclerotic diseases. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain such a connection involving general inflammatory responses and/or specific effects of periodontal bacteria on host tissues.Methods: The role of the periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential contributor to atherosclerosis has been investigated in model systems using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and murine J774 macrophage cell cultures.Results: P. gingivalis 381 was demonstrated to induce foam cell formation in J774 macrophage cell cultures in the presence of low‐density lipoproteins. The active bacterial component involved in this process appears to be lipopolysaccharide. This effect was not limited to these organisms as several other Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative oral bacteria exhibited the same property. In addition, in a more specific manner, P. gingivalis induced monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 secretion in HUVEC cultures.Conclusions: The fimbriae of strain 381 are important, but are not required, for this inductive effect. Taken together, these results suggest a potential role for P. gingivalis in several steps involved in atherosclerotic lesion formation. J Periodontol 2003; 74:85‐89.
Nicotine Stimulates Osteoclast Resorption in a Porcine Marrow Cell Model
Authors: Henemyre Claudia L. , K. Scales Donald , Hokett Steven D. , Cuenin Michael F. , Peacock Mark E. , Parker M. Harry , Brewer Phyllis D. , Chuang Augustine H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Combustible tobacco use is generally linked with accelerated periodontal bone loss and diminished post‐surgical wound healing; however, the pathogenesis of this process at the cellular level remains unclear. Nicotine is known to affect human gingival fibroblast orientation, attachment, and β1 integrin expression, yet little is known about its effects on osteoclasts, the cells most responsible for bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of physiologically relevant nicotine levels on porcine osteoclast function as measured by resorption of calcium phosphate.Methods: Pure nicotine was diluted in medium to the following concentrations: 0.03 µM, 0.15 µM, 0.30 µM, 0.60 µM, and 1.50 µM. Porcine osteoclasts were seeded onto calcium phosphate multi‐test slides and incubated at 37°C with half media changes every 24 hours. Cells received 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, and 1.50 µM nicotine, or 25 nM parathyroid hormone (PTH). Osteoclast resorption was quantified by measuring the resorbed surface area of the calcium phosphate substrate.Results: Osteoclast cultures resorbed bone slices and calcium phosphate substrate. All nicotine concentrations and PTH resulted in statistically significantly greater mean percent resorptions than the control group (P <0.05). However, no statistical difference was found between the various nicotine doses or PTH. The number of osteoclasts increased in a linear relationship to the increasing nicotine concentrations; however, no correlation was found between osteoclast number and the amount of resorption.Conclusions: Nicotine is non‐toxic to osteoclasts at the clinically relevant levels tested. Nicotine appears to stimulate osteoclast differentiation and resorption of calcium phosphate, the major component of bone. Nicotine‐modulated osteoclast stimulation may, in part, explain the increased rapidity of periodontal bone loss and refractory disease incidence in smokers. J Periodontol 2003;74:1440‐1446.
Cross‐Talk Between Interleukin‐6 and Transforming Growth Factor‐β3 Regulates Extracellular Matrix Production by Human Fibroblasts from Subjects with Non‐Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Baroni Tiziano , Carinci Paolo , Bellucci Catia , Lilli Cinzia , Becchetti Ennio , Carinci Francesco , Stabellini Giordano , Pezzetti Furio , Caramelli Elisabetta , Tognon Mauro , Bodo Maria 
Published: February 2005

Background: Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) interference with interleukin 6 (IL‐6) activity and the role of the latter in early human embryonic development prompted us to examine the effects IL‐6 on matrix synthesis and the effects of TGF‐β3 on IL‐6 expression human cleft lip and palate (CLP) fibroblasts.Methods: Collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis were determined by radiolabeled precursors and biglycan expression by Northern blotting before and after adding IL‐6. The effects of TGF‐β3 on IL‐6 production were assayed by evaluating IL‐6 transcript by Northern blotting and IL‐6 protein secretion by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The results showed that IL‐6 elicited an inhibitory effect on collagen and GAG levels in CLP fibroblasts by lowering hyaluronan and dermatan sulfate secretion. IL‐6 up‐regulated biglycan expression, but less strongly than TGF‐β3. TGF‐β3 significantly down‐regulated IL‐6 transcript and secretion in CLP fibroblasts.Conclusions: These data suggest the increase in matrix components that characterize the CLP fibroblast phenotype might be due to a concerted TGF‐β3‐IL‐6 action. We hypothesize changes in cross‐talk between TGF‐β3 and IL‐6 signal transduction pathways are involved in the induction of cleft palate. J Periodontol 2003;74:1447‐1453.
Prevalence of Periodontopathic Bacteria in Aggressive Periodontitis Patients in a Japanese Population
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuo , Umeda Makoto , Ishizuka Motoko , Huang Yi , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered a major etiologic agent of aggressive periodontitis. Other periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis are also suspected of participating in aggressive periodontitis, although the evidence is controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and to clarify the microbiological features of aggressive periodontitis in Japanese patients.Methods: Subgingival plaque was collected from 50 aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients (localized 10, generalized 40). Samples from 35 generalized chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and 18 healthy subjects were examined as controls. Plaque samples were examined using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.Results: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was relatively low in the localized (20%) and generalized (17.5%) AgP patients, with no significant difference observed in detection frequencies between AgP and the control groups (CP 8.6%, healthy 0%). On the other hand, Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus),Campylobacter rectus, P. gingivalis, and Treponema denticola were frequently detected in localized as well as generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. The prevalence and proportion of P. gingivalis correlated with severity of clinical attachment loss in both localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis.Conclusions:T. forsythensis, C. rectus, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola were the predominant periodontopathic bacteria of aggressive periodontitis patients in Japan. Although A. actinomycetem‐ comitans was also detected in AgP patients, the prevalence of this bacterium was much lower than that of P. gingivalis. J Periodontol 2003;74:1460‐1469.
Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Neutrophil Activity Following Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Persson Lena , Bergström Jan , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: February 2005

Background: Tobacco smoking has considerable negative effects on the outcome of periodontal treatment. The reason for the inferior therapeutical effect might be related to an altered neutrophil activity in terms of elastase and/or matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), as well as in the protease inhibitor alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (α‐1‐AT) and alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (α‐2‐MG) activities. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to elucidate the effect of tobacco smoking on gingival crevicular fluid GCF) levels of these substances following surgical treatment.Methods: The study population included 15 smoking and 15 non‐smoking patients with moderate to severe periodontitis receiving surgical treatment. Clinical examinations and collection of GCF were done prior to surgery and 1 and 5 weeks following treatment. The elastase activity was measured with a chromogenic low‐molecular substrate and the levels of α‐1‐AT, α‐2‐MG, and MMP‐8 with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The results showed unaltered levels of α‐1‐AT, α‐2‐MG, and MMP‐8 in smokers following surgery. In non‐smokers, the levels of α‐1‐AT and α‐2‐MG increased, whereas MMP‐8 levels decreased. The levels of elastase remained unaltered in both smokers and non‐smokers.Conclusions: These results indicate that in the presence of smoking, the levels of α‐1‐AT, α‐2‐MG, and MMP‐8 remained unaltered during the recovery period following surgical treatment. This is interpreted as a possible interference of smoking with the treatment response and may, in part, explain the clinical evidence of an inferior treatment outcome in smokers. J Periodontol 2003;74:1475‐1482.