bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐traumatic Scedosporium inflatum endophthalmitis
Authors: Taylor Alexandra , Wiffen Steven J , Kennedy Christopher J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis is the first documented case of post‐traumatic Scedosporium
inflatum endophthalmitis and only the second of S. inflatum endophthalmitis
occurring in a non‐immuno­compromised individual, to the
authors’ knowledge. A case is reported of a 57‐year‐old
woman who, while chopping wood, had a wood chip hit her in the right
eye. This caused a penetrating corneal injury with uveal prolapse
and damage to the crystalline lens. There were also vitreous and
suprachoroidal haemorrhages. No detectable intraocular foreign material
was retained. The clinical manifestation of infection was delayed,
but once established, it was very destructive. The initially indolent
endophthalmitis eventually led to loss of all light perception and
panophthalmitis which required enucleation. The responsible strain
of S. inflatum was found to be resistant to all
antifungal medication in vitro.
Comparison of the Frequency Doubling Technology screening algorithm and the Humphrey 24‐2 SITA‐FAST in a large eye screening
Authors: Allen Christopher S , Sponsel William E , Trigo Yolanda , Dirks Monte S , Flynn William J 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: To compare the Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) C20‐1 screening algorithm and the Humphrey Field Analyser II (HFA) 24−2 SITA‐FAST in a large eye screening. Methods: In a non‐randomized, prospective, free eye screening, the FDT Screening Protocol (C20‐1 Screening Algorithm) was administered to 574 attendees (422 men and 152 women, average age 64, range 17−89 years) of the 1998 Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Convention in San Antonio, Texas. Individuals who failed the FDT (two or more misses out of 17 locations) immediately underwent white‐on‐white threshold visual field perimetry (HFA 24‐2, SITA‐FAST). Humphrey visual field analysis included STATPAC and masked evaluations by three glaucoma specialists. Results: Approximately one‐tenth of the VFW conference attendees
voluntarily presented themselves for screening. Among these 574
volunteers, 69 (12%) failed the FDT and underwent HFA analysis.
Eighty‐one per cent (56/69) of these FDT failures had abnormal
HFA Glaucoma Hemifield Tests. Eighty‐eight per cent (61/69)
were judged to have nerve fibre type visual field loss on HFA by
at least two of three masked examiners. A positive correlation existed between
the number of FDT locations missed and the HFA mean deviation (r = 0.5, P = 0.0001).
A similar association was observed when FDT and HFA results were
analysed by quadrant (r = 0.5, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: There was a low false positive rate and a good positive predictive value comparing the FDT screening algorithm to the HFA 24−2 SITA‐FAST in this study. This supports the potential use of FDT as an economical screening device.
Orbital lipomatous haemangiopericytoma: an unusual variant
Authors: Davies Peter EJ , Davis Garry J , Dodd Tom , Selva Dinesh 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHaemangiopericytoma (HPC) of the orbit is a rare tumour occurring in all age groups and presenting with slowly progressive proptosis, ocular motility impairment and visual loss. Although most are benign tumours that are resectable at diagnosis, one‐third of these tumours demonstrate malignant features and recur locally or metastasize, usually with a fatal outcome. In 1995, a morphologically unique variant, termed lipomatous haemangiopericytoma (L‐HPC), was described. Only one case has been reported previously arising in the orbit. In this paper, a case is reported of L‐HPC occurring in the orbit and consider the prognostic implications of this HPC variant.
ENDOSONOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL SUBMUCOSAL TUMORS
Authors: Hizawa Kazuoki , Kawasaki Masumi , Kouzuki Toshio , Suekane Hiroshi , Matsumoto Takayuki , Fujishima Masatoshi 
Published: March 2003

Aim: The aim of this study was to classify the endosonographic features of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors.Methods: The endosonographic and clinicopathologic findings of 302 submucosal elevated lesions from 295 patients were compared.Results: Endoscopic ultrasound was able to clearly demonstrate the anatomical layer origin of the lesions. The internal echo patterns of the submucosal tumors could be categorized into seven types consisting of simple cystic (I), multicystic (II), solid cystic (III), hyperechoic (IV), isoechoic (V), hypoechoic (VI), and mixed solid (VII). Cysts, lymphangioma, and lipoma were characterized as type I, II, and IV images, respectively. Brunner’s gland hamartoma and heterotopic gastric mucosa showed various patterns of cystic and solid echoes (I–VII). Inflammatory fibroid polyps, granular cell tumors, and carcinoid tumors often manifested type VI images. Malignant tumors, particularly leiomyosarcoma, tended to show VII images.Conclusions: The endosonographic classification is considered to be important in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal submucosal elevated lesions.
Size, location and patency of the minor duodenal papilla as determined by dye‐injection endoscopic retrograde pancreatography
Authors: Kamisawa Terumi , Tu Yuyang , Egawa Naoto , Sakaki Nobuhiro , Ishiwata Jun‐ichi , Okamoto Atsutake 
Published: March 2003

Background: The accessory pancreatic duct (APD) sometimes is developmentally obliterated near the duodenum. We evaluated patency of the minor duodenal papilla by dye‐injection endoscopic retrograde pancreatography to determine whether patency was related to papillary size and location.Methods: We injected 2–3 mL of contrast material containing indigocarmine into the main pancreatic duct via an endoscopic catheter in 104 patients. It was endoscopically observed whether dye was extruded from the minor papilla. Size of the minor papilla and distance from the orifice of the major duodenal papilla to the apex of the minor papilla were measured endoscopically with measuring forceps.Results: The APD was patent in 56 of 104 cases (54%). Size of the minor papilla varied considerably from 3 to 6 mm, but showed no correlation with patency. Half of the patients with chronic pancreatitis (6/13) had the minor papilla larger than 6 mm. In cases where the terminal APD had a cudgel or tapering‐off configuration, the minor papilla was larger than in cases where the duct had a stick shape. The minor papilla was patent in 9 out of 10 cases (90%) when it was near the major papilla (≤ 1.5 cm). Frequency of a patent minor papilla was 16 out of 33 (48%) when it existed 1.5 to 2.0 cm from the major papilla, and 31 out of 61 (51%) when the distance was more than 2.0 cm.Conclusions: The minor papilla was more frequently patent when it was close to the major papilla (P < 0.05).
Factors affecting the yield of percutaneous cholangioscopic biopsy in patients with bile duct cancer
Authors: Park Ju Sang , Seo Dong Wan , Lee Sung Koo , Joo Yeon‐Ho , Kim Myung Hwan , Min Young Il 
Published: March 2003

Background: This study analyzed the factors associated with the yield of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic biopsies in patients with bile duct cancer.Methods: One‐hundred‐and‐sixteen patients who had received percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy and who had been confirmed as having bile duct cancer were enrolled in this study. Multiple targeted biopsies were taken under direct cholangioscopic view.Results: When the location of the tumor was divided into intrahepatic duct (IHD), hilar duct and common bile duct (CBD), the biopsy yield was significantly higher in IHD cancer (93.7%) than in cases of hilar cancer (69.6%) (P < 0.05). After a bile duct cancer had been classified as a nodular type (n = 31), papillary type (n = 27) or infiltrative type (n = 58) cancer upon cholangioscopic findings, the biopsy yields from nodular (96.8%) or papillary types (96.3%) were significantly higher than from infiltrative types (58.6%; P < 0.01). The positive rate for malignant cells was not influenced by the presence of tumor vessels or the number of biopsy samples taken. However, the sensitivity of the combination of cholangioscopic biopsy and tumor vessel in overall bile duct cancer, especially in the infiltrative type, was significantly increased when it was compared with that of cholangioscopic biopsies (P < 0.01) or tumor vessels alone (P < 0.01).Conclusions: Cholangioscopic biopsy provides a high positive yield of malignant cells in those patients with IHD, nodular‐type and papillary‐type cancers. The cholangioscopic classification of bile duct tumors might thus provide important clues to predict biopsy yield.
Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Esophageal Varices after Esophageal Transection
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Onda Masahiko , Tajiri Takashi , Toba Masahito , Umehara Matsuomi , Mamada Yasuhiro , Taniai Nobuhiko , Yamashita Kiyohiko 
Published: March 2003

Background:  We examined the hemodynamic changes associated with recurrent esophageal varices after esophageal transection (ET) and evaluated the effectiveness of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) as the treatment for these varices.Methods:  Nineteen patients with recurrent esophageal varices after ET were treated by EIS. Endoscopic varicealography during injection sclerotherapy, following oral blockage of flow by a balloon, identified three patterns: (i) type 1: common type, continuous filling by the feeder vessel of the varix; (ii) type 2: retrograde‐disappearing type, confirmed hepatofugal flow; and (iii) type 3: immediate washout type, immediate washout of contrast medium.Results:  Angiography revealed that the hepatofugal feeder vessel was the right gastric vein in all cases. Fourteen patients (73.7%) were classified as type 1, 4 patients (21.1%) as type 2, and 1 patient (5.3%) as type 3. Fewer treatment sessions were required in type 1 than in type 2 (P < 0.005). Recurrent varices were completely eradicated in all patients except the patient with type 3 disease. Cumulative re‐recurrence rates at 5 and 10 years were similar for types 1 and 2 (28.6 and 71.4%vs 25 and 25%, respectively). The cumulative survival rates after EIS at 5 and 10 years were also similar for types 1 and 2 (77.1 and 66.1%vs 66.7 and 66.7%).Conclusion:  Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for recurrent esophageal varices after ET, except in type 3 disease. Our classification based on endoscopic varicealography during injection sclerotherapy provides knowledge of blood flow within the varices that helps to inform the treatment strategy.
EVALUATION OF ENDOSCOPIC HEMORRHOIDAL LIGATION IN 119 PATIENTS
Authors: Tomiki Yuichi , Higashiyama Akinori , Okada Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Tomoo , Sengoku Hironobu , Kamano Toshiki , Tsurumaru Masahiko , Hayashida Yasuo , Seki Eichiro , Sakurai Hideki , Fujii Yuji , Gonda Hirofumi 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Rubber‐band ligation of internal hemorrhoids is a well‐established office procedure. In addition, endoscopic rubber‐band ligation of esophageal varices has become widely accepted. Combining and modifying these techniques, we have conducted endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation (EHL) since 1993, and we feel that it is appropriate now to evaluate the procedure.Methods:  One hundred and nineteen patients who were subjected to EHL were followed and evaluated.Results:  Endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation was markedly effective in 67 cases (56.3%), effective in 41 cases (34.5%), and ineffective in 11 cases (9.2%). Out of the 11 ineffective cases, three of them received surgical hemorrhoidectomy and eight were treated by conservative measures with frequent or continuous use of suppositories. The most common complications after EHL were postoperative anal pain and slight bleeding. Out of 92 patients followed long‐term, the 5‐year non‐recurrence rate was 90.4%. Persistent therapeutic effects were observed in 62 patients (67.4%), whereas 22 patients (23.9%) had to be treated by suppositories and/or ointments as necessary, and eight patients (8.7%) had a relapse. Out of the eight relapsed cases, four received repeated EHL with symptomatic remission, two received hemorrhoidectomy, and two were treated conservatively.Conclusion:  Endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation is an effective method for treating internal hemorrhoids. However, indications for this treatment should be properly decided in each patient, using their history, and general and local conditions.
CHANGES IN MUCOSAL PHOSPHOLIPID‐RELATED PROTECTION IN SOME GASTRIC DISEASES
Authors: MATSUDA MIMIAN GRACIELA , MISUMI ATSUNOBU , MURAKAMI AKITOSHI , NAKAMURA CHIZUKO , SEMBA UMEKO , SHIBUYA YOKO , MIYAZAKI SEBASTIÃO MITSUJI , OKABE HIROAKI 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Phospholipids play an important role in gastric mucosal protection. The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in various phospholipids in the fundic and pyloric gland mucosae of patients with gastric mucosal disease.Methods:  One hundred and five patients with superficial gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer or gastric cancer were studied. Patients underwent endoscopy to obtain biopsy specimens from both the fundic and pyloric gland mucosae. The phospholipid contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.Results:  Total phospholipid level was significantly greater in the fundic gland mucosa than in the pyloric gland mucosa (P = 0.037), and the level in the fundic gland mucosa was high in all four gastric diseases studied. The difference was significant in patients with gastric ulcers (P = 0.0156). Total phospholipid levels were the highest in superficial gastritis, followed by duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. In all four gastric diseases, phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels were high, while phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin levels were low. The PE and PC levels were higher in the fundic gland mucosa than in the pyloric glandular mucosa, whereas the PS level was higher in the pyloric gland mucosa than in the fundic gland mucosa.Conclusions:  The fundic gland mucosa has stronger phospholipid‐related protection than the pyloric gland mucosa, based on the levels of mucosal phospholipids. The main phospholipids for gastric mucosal protection are PC and PE (in the fundic gland mucosa) and PS (in the pyloric gland mucosa). Phospholipid‐related protection is strong in superficial gastritis and duodenal ulcer, but is reduced in the pyloric gland mucosa in patients with gastric ulcers, and in both gastric gland mucosae in patients with gastric cancer.
Inhibitory effect of sulindac on the proliferation of HT‐29 colon adenocarcinoma cells: Effects on cell cycle and apoptosis
Authors: Zhengbing Yang , Qin Ouyang , Yuquan Wei , Xiaoqin Liu , Song Lei 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: To investigate: (i) the effect of sulindac on the proliferation of HT‐29 cells; and (ii) the antineoplastic mechanisms of sulindac. METHODS: The MTT colorimetric assay was used to examine the effect of sulindac on the proliferation of HT‐29 cells. Flow cytometry was used for examining the cell cycle distribution. Flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and DNA electrophoresis were used to determine whether sulindac induces cell apoptosis. RESULTS: Sulindac inhibited cell proliferation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. After treatment with 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mmol/L sulindac for 72 h, the inhibition rates reached 16, 38, 62.3 and 92.2%, respectively. After treatment with 1.2 mmol/L sulindac for 24, 48 and 72 h, the inhibition rates reached 32.4, 71.3 and 92.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). Sulindac increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the proportion of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. After treatment with 1.2 mmol/L sulindac for 48 h, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase increased from 32.5 to 70.5% and the S phase decreased from 43.1 to 11.3% compared with the control cells (P < 0.01). Flow cytometry, DNA electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy all demonstrated that sulindac could induce apoptosis of the HT‐29 cell line. After treatment with 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mmol/L sulindac for 48 h, the proportion of apoptotic cells reached 5.8, 7.6 and 11.7%, compared with 2.9% in the control group; after treatment for 72 h, the proportion of apoptotic cells increased to 12.5, 15.4% and 24.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). All effects were time and dose dependent. CONCLUSIONS: The colon adenocarcinoma HT‐29 cell line can be inhibited by sulindac and the antitumor mechanism may be related to changing cell cycle distribution and inducing cell apoptosis.
Role of signal transduction pathway of mitogen‐activated protein kinase on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by VEGF
Authors: Hua Mao , Aili Yuan , Minfang Zhao , Zuosheng Lai 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in angiogenesis, infiltration and metastasis in cancer. However, the associated signal transduction pathway remains unclear. The present study aimed to observe the effect of signal transduction induced by VEGF on p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) during metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: The membrane invasion culture system (MICS) and SB203580, a blocker of p38 MAPK were used to observe the inhibitory effect of VEGF on metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS: The numbers of cells in the lower compartment of the Boden chamber with or without SB203580 were 16 × 104 and 0.75 × 104/mL, respectively, after being cultured for 5 h with 5 ng/mL VEGF. These values were markedly higher than the number of cells (1.25 × 104/mL) in the control group (P < 0.01). Pretreatment with 5 μmol/L SB203580 was able to block metastatic potential by 95% in hepatic cancer, the hepatocarcinoma cell number cultured for 5 h with 1 ng/mL VEGF, 5 ng/mL VEGF, 10 ng/mL VEGF in amnia was 15, 42 and 28, respectively, as compared with the control (4 cells), these were highly significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). When compared with group of 1 ng/mL VEGF, and group 10 ng/mL VEGF, the carcinoma cell number of group of 5 ng/mL VEGF was also highly significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Via the p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway, VEGF is able to induce metastasis in hepatic carcinoma. However, when this particular pathway was blocked with SB203580, then metastasis was inhibited.
Histomorphological characteristics of liver tissue in patients with chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: ZENG Wen Jiao , ZHANG Nong , LIU Chen , XU Jie , ZHAO Zhong Hua , GUO Mu Yi 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: Chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HBC) or both constitute the majority of cases of liver diseases in China. Pathologists often need to differentiate between the morphological features of HBV and HCV. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in inflammatory activity, fibrosis and morphological characteristics in various types of chronic viral hepatitis. METHODS: Inflammatory activity and degree of fibrosis in liver biopsies
taken from 224 patients with chronic hepatitis were determined according to the Diagnostic
Criteria of Chronic Hepatitis, China, 1995. Each of hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and the hepatitis C virus nuclear core
protein (CP10) were detected on paraffin sections of the biopsies by using immunohistochemical methods. Patients were divided into HBV, HCV and HBV + HCV infection groups and the differences among these groups were assessed on the basis of histopathological characteristics including inflammatory activity, fibrosis, steatosis, intrahepatic cholestasis, Councilman bodies and ground‐glass hepatocytes. RESULTS: The HCV infection group had more severe inflammatory activity, fibrosis and intrahepatic cholestasis than did the HBV infection group. The degree of inflammatory activity and fibrosis in the HBV + HCV infection group was moderate, but the degree of intrahepatic cholestasis was the most severe of the three study groups. Ground‐glass hepatocytes were only noted in HBV‐infected specimens. There was no difference in the occurrences of steatosis and Councilman bodies among the three study groups. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of inflammatory activity and fibrosis induced by HCV in hepatocytes is more severe than that induced by HBV. The histological changes observed in liver infected by both HBV and HCV are no more severe than those observed in liver infected with either HBV or HCV. Intrahepatic cholestasis may play an important role in aggravating damage to hepatocytes.
Long‐term infection with Helicobacter pylori in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: YAO Yong Li , ZHANG Wan Dai , XU Bo , SONG Yu Gang , ZHANG Ya Li , ZHANG Zhen Shu 
Published: March 2003

Objective:  To investigate pathological changes occurring in the stomach of the Mongolian gerbil during long‐term Helicobacter pylori infection.Methods:  Four‐week‐old male Mongolian gerbils were used, which were free from specific pathogens. Eighty Mongolian gerbils were inoculated orally with a suspension of H. pylori NCTC 11637 (0.5 mL, 2 × 1010 CFU/L) in a Brucella broth. To act as controls, a further 30 gerbils were fed with a Brucella broth only. Infected gerbils were killed 10, 25, 45, 55 and 65 weeks after infection. Control gerbils were killed at 10, 45 and 65 weeks. The stomach of each gerbil was removed and opened. Stomach samples for histological examination were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analyzing histological changes, Giemsa stain for detecting H. pylori and Alcian blue (AB)/periodic acid−Schiff stain for examining intestinal metaplasia.Results:  The Mongolian gerbil model for studying long‐term H. pylori infection was successfully established. Helicobacter pylori induced a progression from normal gastric mucosa to chronic gastritis, glandular atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, although no adenocarcinomas were found in the experimental animals.Conclusions:  Helicobacter pylori
NCTC 11637 is able to easily colonize the glandular stomach mucosa of the Mongolian gerbil. This model is stable, and the histological changes observed in the stomach are similar to those that occur in humans with
H. pylori infection.