bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of metered dose inhalation technique in patients with chronic lung disease at a tertiary health care center
Authors: Dongol Deveshree , Acharya Samita , Amatya Yogendra 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Poor inhalation technique among patients using Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) is one of the most common causes of increased acute exacerbations and hospital visits and leads to poor health outcome. Hence, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the correctness of inhalation steps in patients using MDI visiting Patan Hospital.
Method: A total of 128 patients participated in the research. The study involved collection of basic sociodemographic information and visual observation of the inhalation technique of the patients using a standard checklist. Any mistakes made during the procedure were recorded. They were also asked to say each step as they performed it so that all of the steps could be clearly observed.
Result: Out of 128 participants, only 3(2.34%) of the participants were able to perform all the eight steps correctly. Holding breath for five second was the most commonly made mistake 80(62.7%) followed by failure to exhale to residual volume 74(57.7%). Majority of participants were able to perform five steps correctly 29(22.6%). There seemed to be no association of inhalation technique with age, sex and educational status of the patient.
Conclusion: Majority of the patients were unable to perform the inhalation steps correctly indicating the need for regular training programs to improve the inhalation technique and improve health outcome.
Concept of freedom in terms of Amartya Sen
Authors: Vaniya Bipinkumar M. 
Published: November 2023

Freedom is an important concept of political philosophy and ethics. In this article, an attempt has been made to know the concept of freedom given by Amarty Sen. How his concept of freedom is different from prevailing other definitions of freedom and why we should accept it, is shown here in this article. Sen put emphasis on basic two aspect of freedom: Opportunity and Functioning. Sen tries to explain in detail the concept of opportunity. Sen considers opportunity as the freedom to get what we want to get. It has its intrinsic value, according to Sen. Sen explains freedom in the light of his theory of capability and considers capability as Freedom. Sen draw our attention towards the role of freedom which are Constitutive Freedom and Instrumental Freedom. According to Sen, Constitutive Freedom is the first and foremost aim of development and Instrumental Freedom as a means to achieve that aim. He describes five forms of instrumental form freedom. Through this article, we will understand a very new and unique concept and role of freedom.
Abstract in Gujarati Language:
સ્વતંત્રતા એ એક રાજનીતિક તત્ત્વજ્ઞાન અને નીતિશાસ્ત્રની મહત્ત્વની સંકલ્પના છે. પ્રસ્તુત લેખમાં અમર્ત્ય સેનની સ્વતંત્રતા અંગેની વિભાવના જણાવવાનો પ્રયાસ કર્યો છે. તેઓની સ્વતંત્રતા અંગેની વિભાવના અન્ય પ્રચલિત વિભાવના કરતાં કઈ રીતે અલગ છે અને આપણે શા માટે તેને સ્વીકારવી જોઈએ તેની મુખ્યત્વે વાત આ લેખમાં કરેલ છે. સેન સ્વતંત્રતાના બે મુખ્ય પાસા એક 'તક' અને બીજું 'પ્રક્રિયા' પર ભાર મુકે છે. સેન 'તક'ને વધારે વિસ્તૃત અર્થમાં સમજાવવાનો પ્રયાસ કરે છે. તકને સેન જે મેળવવા માંગીયે છીયે તે મેળવવા માટેની સ્વતંત્રતા તરીકે લેખાવે છે. તેઓ તકની સ્વતંત્રતાને સ્વતંત્રતાનું આંતરીક મુલ્ય માને છે. સેન સ્વતંત્રતાને પોતાના ક્ષમતા અભિગમને આધારે સમજાવે છે તથા ક્ષમતાને સ્વતંત્રતાનું જ એક પાસું ગણાવે છે. સેન સ્વતંત્રતાની ભુમિકાઓ તરફ આપણું ધ્યાન ખેંચે છે, જે છે મૂળભૂત સ્વતંત્રતા (Constitutive Freedom) અને સાધન સ્વરૂપ ભૂમિકા (Instrumental freedom). મૂળભૂત સ્વતંત્રતાને સેન વિકાસનું પ્રાથમિક ધ્યેય માને છે જ્યારે સાધન સ્વરૂપ સ્વતંત્રતાને વિકાસનું મુખ્ય સાધન માને છે. સાધન સ્વરૂપ સ્વતંત્રતાના સેન પાંચ સ્વરૂપોનું આપણી સામે વર્ણન કરે છે. આ લેખથી આપણે સ્વતંત્રતાની એક નવી જ અને અનોખી ભૂમિકાને સમજવા સક્ષમ બનીશું.
Keywords: સ્વતંત્રતા, ક્ષમતા, તક, પ્રક્રિયા, પસંદગી. નિષ્પન્ન પરિણામ, વાસ્તવિક સ્વતંત્રતા, હકદારી, સુવિધાઓ
History of Physical Culture and Sports» as a factor of patriotic education of higher education students
Authors: Vnukova O. 
Published: November 2023

In this article, the focus is on the deliberate and organized pedagogical process of instilling patriotism in future professionals of physical education and sports, with the aim of preserving and passing on national values and traditions. Specifically, this pertains to the field of physical education and sports, fostering loyalty and love for one's homeland, readiness to defend it, and the promotion of patriotic education among Ukrainian youth.
The author has developed a theoretical model for a system of patriotic education among students through the study of the history of physical education and sports. The primary goal of this model is to nurture patriotism, encompassing knowledge of the domestic history of physical education and sports within the context of global events, reverence for Ukrainian traditions in physical education and sports, pride in the achievements of Ukrainian athletes, a sense of the need to honor one's ancestors, the desire to pass on Ukrainian traditions to the younger generation, and a readiness to defend the homeland.
The possibilities of the educational component "History of Physical Education and Sports" as a means of patriotic education for students are explored. The proposed content of this component intertwines topics from both global and domestic history, providing a comprehensive understanding of events in Ukraine as an integral part of global and European processes.
The article also highlights the pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the system of patriotic education through the "History of Physical Education and Sports," which include the demonstration of patriotism and pedagogical skill by the instructor, the examination of the history of physical education and sports in Ukraine within the context of world history, the inheritance of the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people, and the observance of academic integrity.
Wireless handheld ultrasound for internal jugular vein assessment in pediatric patients
Authors: Greiner Barbara , Kaiser Ulrich , Maurer Katharina , Stroszczynski Christian , Jung Ernst Michael 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Rapid evolution of ultrasound technology has allowed widespread use of handheld ultrasound devices (HHUDs) for many possible applications. Along with the adult population, the use of HHUDs for Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in pediatric medicine has been increasing over the last few years. However, pediatric-specific literature is still scarce on mobile vascular ultrasound. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic capabilities of Vscan Air™ in comparison with high-end ultrasound for the assessment of the internal jugular vein in children and adolescents. METHODS: 42 Internal Jugular Veins (IJVs) of 21 pediatric patients were scanned by an experienced examiner using a WLAN-supported handheld ultrasound device (Vscan Air™) and high-end cart-based ultrasound (LOGIQ E9) as reference. B-Mode and Color-coded Doppler (CCDS) were performed and compared. Image quality was assessed using a score of 0 to 5 and statistically analyzed. Results were interpreted independently by two readers in consensus. RESULTS: 21 patients (2–17 years; mean 11,00±4,5 years; female n = 11, male n = 10) were examined. The rating score never dropped below 3 for both devices. The median score evaluation of B-Mode and CCDS for the high-end device was 5.00, of Vscan Air™ 5.00 for B-Mode and 4.00 for CCDS. A significant difference was shown between the two devices in the evaluation of CCDS. CONCLUSIONS: Vscan Air™ ultrasound device allows sufficient assessability of the IJV in pediatric patients, opening up new possibilities for fast and mobile POCUS of cervical veins and potential guidance of central venous catheter placement.
Changes of tRNA-Derived Fragments by Alzheimer’s Disease in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Serum
Authors: Wu Wenzhe , Shen Audrey , Lee Inhan , Miranda-Morales Ernesto G. , Spratt Heidi , Pappolla Miguel A. , Fang Xiang , Bao Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2023

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting individuals over 65. AD is also a multifactorial disease, with disease mechanisms incompletely characterized, and disease-modifying therapies are marginally effective. Biomarker signatures may shed light on the diagnosis, disease mechanisms, and the development of therapeutic targets. tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), a family of recently discovered small non-coding RNAs, have been found to be significantly enhanced in human AD hippocampus tissues. However, whether tRFs change in body fluids is unknown. Objective: To investigate whether tRFs in body fluids are impacted by AD. Methods: We first used T4 polynucleotide kinase-RNA-seq, a modified next-generation sequencing technique, to identify detectable tRFs in human cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples. The detectable tRFs were then compared in these fluids from control, AD, and mild cognitive impairment patients using tRF qRT-PCR. The stability of tRFs in serum was also investigated by checking the change in tRFs in response to protein digestion or exosome lysis. Results: Among various tRFs, tRF5-ProAGG seemed to be impacted by AD in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum. AD-impacted serum tRF5-ProAGG showed a correlation with the AD stage. Putative targets of tRF5-ProAGG in the hippocampus were also predicted by a computational algorithm, with some targets being validated experimentally and one of them being in a negative correlation with tRF5-ProAGG even using a small size of samples. Conclusions: tRF5-ProAGG showed the potential as an AD biomarker and may play a role in disease progression.
Assessment and Comparison of Nonlinear Measures in Resting-State Magnetoencephalograms in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Azami Hamed , Daftarifard Elham , Humeau-Heurtier Anne , Fernandez Alberto , Abasolo Daniel , Rajji Tarek K. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Nonlinear dynamical measures, such as fractal dimension (FD), entropy, and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC), have been extensively investigated individually for detecting information content in magnetoencephalograms (MEGs) from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To compare systematically the performance of twenty conventional and recently introduced nonlinear dynamical measures in studying AD versus mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy control (HC) subjects using MEG. Methods: We compared twenty nonlinear measures to distinguish MEG recordings from 36 AD (mean age = 74.06±6.95 years), 18 MCI (mean age = 74.89±5.57 years), and 26 HC subjects (mean age = 71.77±6.38 years) in different brain regions and also evaluated the effect of the length of MEG epochs on their performance. We also studied the correlation between these measures and cognitive performance based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: The results obtained by LZC, zero-crossing rate (ZCR), FD, and dispersion entropy (DispEn) measures showed significant differences among the three groups. There was no significant difference between HC and MCI. The highest Hedge’s g effect sizes for HC versus AD and MCI versus AD were respectively obtained by Higuchi’s FD (HFD) and fuzzy DispEn (FuzDispEn) in the whole brain and was most prominent in left lateral. The results obtained by HFD and FuzDispEn had a significant correlation with the MMSE scores. DispEn-based techniques, LZC, and ZCR, compared with HFD, were less sensitive to epoch length in distinguishing HC form AD. Conclusions: FuzDispEn was the most consistent technique to distinguish MEG dynamical patterns in AD compared with HC and MCI.
Quantifying Variability in Motor Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: UK Centiles for the NorthStar Ambulatory Assessment, 10 m Walk Run Velocity and Rise from Floor Velocity in GC Treated Boys
Authors: Stimpson Georgia , Ridout Deborah , Wolfe Amy , Milev Evelin , O’Reilly Emer , Manzur Adnan , Sarkozy Anna , Muntoni Francesco , Cole Tim J. , Baranello Giovanni ,   on behalf of the NorthStar Network
Published: November 2023

Background Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) display heterogeneous motor function trajectory in clinics, which represents a significant obstacle to monitoring. Objective: In this paper, we present the UK centiles for the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), the 10 m walk/run time (10MWR) and velocity (10MWRV), and the rise from floor time (RFF) and velocity (RFFV) created from a cohort of glucocorticoid treated DMD boys between the age of 5 and 16 years. Methods: Participants were included from the UK NorthStar registry if they had initiated steroids (primarily deflazacorts/prednisolone, intermittent/daily) and were not enrolled in an interventional trial. Assessments were included if the participant had a complete NSAA, the timed tests had been completed or the corresponding items were 0, or the participant was recorded as non-ambulant, in which case the NSAA was assumed 0. Results: We analysed 3987 assessments of the NSAA collected from 826 participants. Of these, 1080, 1849 and 1199 were imputed as 0 for the NSAA, RFFV and 10MWRV respectively. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th centiles were presented. The NSAA centiles showed a peak score of 14, 20, 26, 30 and 32 respectively, with loss of ambulation at 10.7, 12.2 and 14.3 years for the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles, respectively. The centiles showed loss of rise from floor at 8.6, 10.1 and 11.9 years and a loss of 10MWR of 0 at 8.9, 10.3 and 13.8 years for the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles, respectively. The centiles were pairwise less correlated than the raw scores, suggesting an increased ability to detect variability in the DMD cohort. Conclusions: The NSAA, 10MWR and RFF centiles may provide insights for clinical monitoring of DMD boys, particularly in late ambulatory participants who are uniformly declining. Future work will validate the centiles in national and international natural history cohorts.
Early onset neonatal thrombocytopenia is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bezirganoglu H. , Sari F.N. , Cetinkaya A.K. , Dizdar E.A. , Buyuktiryaki M. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: The role of platelet function in the development of intraventricular hemorrhage is still a subject of debate. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is an association between platelet indices in the first week of life and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preterm infants born < 30 weeks of gestation in our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Platelet parameters, including platelet counts, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet mass were retrieved at two different time points: the initial value on the first day of life and the value closest to the end of the first week of life. The infants were categorized according to the findings of cranial ultrasonography as; no intraventricular hemorrhage, mild or severe intraventricular hemorrhage. RESULTS: Totally, 1051 infants were evaluated. The mean gestational age and birth weight for the entire cohort were 27.9±1.6 weeks and 1058±247 g, respectively. Infants in the severe intraventricular hemorrhage group had significantly lower gestational age ( p < 0.001) and birthweight ( p < 0.001) compared to other two groups. Furthermore, there were significant differences in platelet count and platelet mass between the groups at two time intervals. However, logistic regression analysis revealed that only platelet count of < 100×109/L on the first postnatal day was independently associated with the severity of intraventricular hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: There is an association between platelet count of < 100×109/L on the first postnatal day and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants.
A deep learning and radiomics based Alberta stroke program early CT score method on CTA to evaluate acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Fang Ting , Liu Naijia , Nie Shengdong , Jia Shouqiang , Ye Xiaodan 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) is a semi-quantitative evaluation method used to evaluate early ischemic changes in patients with acute ischemic stroke, which can guide physicians in treatment decisions and prognostic judgments. OBJECTIVE: We propose a method combining deep learning and radiomics to alleviate the problem of large inter-observer variance in ASPECTS faced by physicians and assist them to improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the ASPECTS. METHODS: Our study used a brain region segmentation method based on an improved encoding-decoding network. Through the deep convolutional neural network, 10 regions defined for ASPECTS will be obtained. Then, we used Pyradiomics to extract features associated with cerebral infarction and select those significantly associated with stroke to train machine learning classifiers to determine the presence of cerebral infarction in each scored brain region. RESULTS: The experimental results show that the Dice coefficient for brain region segmentation reaches 0.79. Three radioactive features are selected to identify cerebral infarction in brain regions, and the 5-fold cross-validation experiment proves that these 3 features are reliable. The classifier trained based on 3 features reaches prediction performance of AUC = 0.95. Moreover, the intraclass correlation coefficient of ASPECTS between those obtained by the automated ASPECTS method and physicians is 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates advantages of using a deep learning network to replace the traditional template registration for brain region segmentation, which can determine the shape and location of each brain region more precisely. In addition, a new brain region classifier based on radiomics features has potential to assist physicians in clinical stroke detection and improve the consistency of ASPECTS.
Professional examination programme in english on the speciality 014.021 secondary education (language and foreign literature (English language and literature))
Authors: Melnyk Alla , Rybakova Kateryna , Tron Tetiana 
Published: November 2023

Adhering to the structural and organisational continuity for the entrance examination on the basis of a bachelor’s degree, which provided for the verification of theoretical and practical preparation of applicants to study at Kyiv National Linguistic University at the second (Master’s) level of higher education, it has been found that the Professional Examination Programme on the speciality 014 Secondary Education, the major 014.021 English Language and Literature, the educational curriculum Teaching European Languages on the basis of combined technologies (English and another Western European language) (Melnyk, 2022) requires certain changes and new vision in order to optimally combine all aspects of assessing the overall level of English proficiency and, accordingly, with the objective results obtained, will ensure the successful process of obtaining a master’s degree. The paper outlines the Professional Examination Programme in English for applicants for the Master’s degree on the speciality 014.021 Secondary Education (Language and Foreign Literature (English Language and Literature). The eximination provides for the verification of theoretical and practical training of applicants, defines the required amount and content of knowledge in theoretical and practical English courses, and, accordingly, contains a list of literature on the practice of oral and written communication, lexicology, stylistics. The article covers the following components of the Professional Examination Programme: requirements for applicants; structure and content of the programme; criteria for assessing the results of applicants’ academic achievements; indicative topics; recommended literature.
Empirical Study on the Relationship between Users’ Mental Model and Purchase Intention of VIP Subscription: Evidence from Image Processing App in China
Authors: Gao Yuguo 
Published: November 2023

With the Internet entering the inventory stage, subscription services have become a major trend in the industry. As a technology company driven by artificial intelligence and with beauty as core, Meitu has launched VIP subscription services in several image processing applications. By December 2022, the number of VIP members grew to about 5.6 million, becoming a new engine for the company to open up more business space. At present, there is few research in academia on the VIP subscription intention of image processing APP. Combining the characteristics and usage experience of image processing APP, this thesis constructed the research model by introducing the concept of user’s mental model in the technology acceptance model. Using the structural equation modeling method, the hypothetical model and the relationship between critical variables was validated. With SPSS28.0 and AMOS24.0 software, the confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was conducted. The results indicate that both quality of system interface and quality of subscription service positively influence user’s mental model; mind model of users influences purchase intention through the direct path. At the same time, it also influences purchase intention through perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and the chain mediating path between them. Based on the findings, this thesis claims that Meitu should increase the investment in scientific research; it should not only focus on the optimization of system interface design, pay attention to the professionalism and personalized upgrade of subscription services, but also dig deeper into users’ needs and occupy their minds. At the same time, Meitu App should promote the subscription model with precise positioning and tiered payment, so as to increase users’ intention of subscription.
Recommendations for Validation of Automated Viable Cell Counting Methods (Review)
Authors: Vodyakova M. A. , Pokrovsky N. S. , Melnikova E. V. , Merkulov V. A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The quality of viable cell-based products (such as biomedical cell products and advanced therapy medicinal products) must be maintained during the full production cycle to ensure their safety and efficacy for patients. The minimum required number of viable cells is one of the quality control criteria in the final product release specifications. This study looks into the process of validation of automated viable cell counting methods.Text. The study reviewed the latest data on specific validation characteristics for automated cell counters as compared to manual counting methods. We identified the main problems with the validation methods. Based on the review of scientific and regulatory literature, we identified the key validation parameters, methods of their evaluation and measurement, and reporting of results. We described the validation algorithm for an automated cell counter, including such steps as the selection of reference standards, selection of the number of experimental points, experimental design, mathematical evaluation of the obtained results, and determination of the acceptance criteria.Conclusion. Based on the data reviewed, the authors developed recommendations for the validation of automated viable cell counting procedures.