bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Item development for a patient‐reported measure of compassionate healthcare in action
Authors: Chatburn Eleanor , Marks Elizabeth , Maddox Lucy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCompassionate care is a fundamental component of healthcare today; yet, many measures of compassionate care are subjective in focus and lack clarity around what compassionate care looks like in practice. Measures mostly relate to physical healthcare settings, neglecting mental healthcare. They also lack significant involvement of people with lived experience (PLE) of healthcare delivery in their development. This study aimed to begin the process of developing a new patient‐reported measure, one that captures the observable actions of compassionate care delivery or ‘compassionate healthcare in action’ by any healthcare professional working in any care setting. The study involves PLE of healthcare delivery, both patients and staff, throughout.MethodsA multistage mixed‐methods scale development process was followed. First, items were derived inductively from reflexive thematic analysis of patient and clinician interviews about what compassionate care meant to them (n = 8), with additional items derived deductively from a literature review of existing measures. Next, a panel of patient, clinician and researcher experts in compassionate care was recruited (Round 1: n = 33, Round 2: n = 29), who refined these items in a two‐round modified online Delphi process.ResultsConsensus was reached on 21 items of compassionate care in action relating to six facets: understanding, communication, attention, action, emotional sensitivity and connection. These items will form the basis for further scale development.ConclusionsThis item development work has laid the foundation of a potential new tool to systematically measure what compassionate healthcare in action looks like to patients. Further research is underway to produce a valid and reliable version of this proposed new measure. We have outlined these initial stages in detail in the hope of encouraging greater transparency and replicability in measure development, as well as emphasising the value of involving PLE throughout the process.Patient or Public ContributionThis study involved PLE of both physical and mental healthcare (as staff, patients and service users) throughout the development of the new measure, including initial project conceptualisation and participation in item generation and refinement stages.
Public participation in healthcare students' education: An umbrella review
Authors: Nowell Lorelli , Keogh Bryn , Laios Eleftheria , Mckendrick‐Calder Lisa , Lucas Molitor Whitney , Wilbur Kerry 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn often‐hidden element in healthcare students' education is the pedagogy of public involvement, yet public participation can result in deep learning for students with positive impacts on the public who participate.ObjectiveThis article aimed to synthesize published literature reviews that described the impact of public participation in healthcare students' education.Search StrategyWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, PsychINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the PROSPERO register for literature reviews on public participation in healthcare students' education.Inclusion CriteriaReviews published in the last 10 years were included if they described patient or public participation in healthcare students' education and reported the impacts on students, the public, curricula or healthcare systems.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted using a predesigned data extraction form and narratively synthesized.Main ResultsTwenty reviews met our inclusion criteria reporting on outcomes related to students, the public, curriculum and future professional practice.Discussion and ConclusionOur findings raise awareness of the benefits and challenges of public participation in healthcare students' education and may inform future research exploring how public participation can best be utilized in higher education.Patient or Public ContributionThis review was inspired by conversations with public healthcare consumers who saw value in public participation in healthcare students' education. Studies included involved public participants, providing a deeper understanding of the impacts of public participation in healthcare students' education.
Parole decisions about perpetrators of domestic violence in England and Wales
Authors: Dyke Chris , Rivas Carol , Schucan Bird Karen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study, the first to examine parole decisions for perpetrators of domestic violence in England and Wales, examines how parole boards reach decisions through a thematic analysis of interviews with 20 Parole Board members, alongside logistic regressions of all 137 parole decisions about perpetrators in an 18‐month period. In this sample, recommendations of professionals, especially psychologists, were by far the strongest predictor of a release decision. The nature of offending was also significant in predicting release. Size and composition of the panel may also affect decisions. More panel members, and longitudinal feedback, may encourage more reflective, considered decision making.
A video‐based decision aid improved knowledge and decreased decisional conflict for asymptomatic persistent endodontic lesions
Authors: Wei Mingrun , Tan Shaoyong , Yu Peter Tsao Pan , Kvist Thomas , Yu Victoria Soo Hoon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThis prospective cohort study aimed to (i) evaluate patients' treatment decisions, decisional conflict and knowledge levels before and after use of a video‐based decision aid (DA) on asymptomatic persistent endodontic lesions (APEL) and to (ii) elicit important decision factors for patients in the decision‐making process.MethodologyA video DA modelled after the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) was designed. The video was pilot‐tested, revised and used on 50 patients referred to the graduate endodontic clinic and presenting with an incidental finding of APEL detected on radiographs, with informed consent (DSRB 2020/00133). Recruitment was conducted from June 2020 to November 2021. Patients' treatment decisions and decision‐making process were studied. Patients also completed a questionnaire on knowledge gain, decisional conflict and confidence levels.ResultsForty‐three patients (48 teeth) out of 50 patients chose long‐term monitoring of APEL while 7 patients (7 teeth) decided on endodontic intervention. Median knowledge scores increased from 58.3 (IQR: 41.7, 75.0) to 87.5 (IQR: 75.0, 100.0) (p < .001); median decisional conflict scale (DCS) scores decreased from 25.0 (IQR: 12.5, 34.4) to 3.1 (IQR: 0, 23.8) (p < .001), and 44 (88%) patients were confident or very confident with their treatment decisions. Statistical analyses showed that asymptomatic condition of tooth was the sole decision factor with statistical significance while socioeconomic factors (age, gender, race, education and income levels) showed no significant trend.ConclusionsThe majority of patients presenting with APEL in this study chose long‐term monitoring over immediate intervention. Using the video‐based DA in the decision‐making process significantly improved patients' knowledge and decreased their decisional conflict levels.
Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin for rosacea with positive impact on quality of life and self‐esteem
Authors: Takahashi Katia H. , Utiyama Thais O. , Bagatin Edileia , Picosse Fabíola R. , Almeida Fernando A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease with a multifactorial pathophysiology. It compromises several skin structures, including the proliferation and dilation of dermal blood vessels, primarily in the central areas of the face, accompanied by significant psychosocial impairment, leading to reduced quality of life (QoL) and self‐esteem. There are consensus guidelines for its treatment, but few options for the erythema. This study hypothesizes that treating rosacea skin lesions with botulinum toxin (BTX) could improve signs and symptoms, resulting in enhanced QoL and self‐esteem.MethodsThis interventional, open, uncontrolled, and prospective study, conducted at a single center, included 33 individuals diagnosed with rosacea, treated with standard therapeutic options according to the rosacea subtype plus superficial injections of BTX, and followed up for 90 days. Botulinum toxin injections were applied on Days 1 and 14. Clinical features and side effects were assessed at each visit; QoL, self‐esteem, and medication adherence questionnaires were administered on Days 1 and 90.ResultsTreatment with BTX yielded improvement in the clinical signs of rosacea, registered by the investigators, and reported by 94% of the participants. Improved QoL scores (P < 0.05) and a notable increase in self‐esteem scores (P < 0.001) were demonstrated. Rare adverse events were observed.ConclusionsThe utilization of BTX superficial injections in patients with rosacea was safe and effective, improving the clinical appearance of the lesions. Despite some limitations, to our knowledge, this is the first study that showed the positive impact of this treatment modality on both QoL and self‐esteem.
A system for developing reasonable adjustments to the application of the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards for adult patients with intellectual disability in Australian hospital settings
Authors: Wallace Robyn A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Australian Commission of Safety and Quality in Health Care mandates the application of the eight National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards to minimise high‐risk adverse events in hospital settings for all Australian patients. It acknowledges that adults with intellectual disability require reasonable adjustments to the application of the standards to optimise the impact of the quality and safety measures for this group. The paper proposes a system whereby reasonable adjustments can be developed for this population. First, particular criteria, items or actions of a standard are selected for the formulation of reasonable adjustments. Second, the adjustments are broken down into categories of alterations to usual knowledge, process, content and organisation involved in compliance with the chosen aspect of the standard. Third, the categories of reasonable adjustments are simultaneously influenced and shaped by aspects of living with intellectual disability, disability supports and a health‐disability sectoral interface.
Chimerism of avian IgY‐scFv and truncated IgG‐Fc: A novel strategy in cross‐species antibody generation and enhancement
Authors: Ge Shikun , Dias Alberto Carlos Pires , Zhang Xiaoying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChicken single‐chain fragment variable (IgY‐scFv) is a functional fragment and an emerging development in genetically engineered antibodies with a wide range of biomedical applications. However, scFvs have considerably shorter serum half‐life due to the absence of antibody Fc region compared with the full‐length antibody, and usually requires continuous intravenous administration for efficacy. A promising approach to overcome this limitation is to fuse scFv with immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc region, for better recognition and mediation by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the host. In this study, engineered mammalian ΔFc domains (CH2, CH3, and intact Fc region) were fused with anti‐canine parvovirus‐like particles avian IgY‐scFv to produce chimeric antibodies and expressed in the HEK293 cell expression system. The obtained scFv‐CH2, scFv‐CH3, and scFv‐Fc can bind with antigen specifically and dose‐dependently. Surface plasmon resonance investigation confirmed that scFv‐CH2, scFv‐CH3, and scFv‐Fc had different degrees of binding to FcRn, with scFv‐Fc showing the highest affinity. scFv‐Fc had a significantly longer half‐life in mice compared with the unfused scFv. The identified ΔFcs are promising for the development of engineered Fc‐based therapeutic antibodies and proteins with longer half‐lives. The avian IgY‐scFv‐mammalian IgG Fc region opens up new avenues for antibody engineering, and it is a novel strategy to enhance the rapid development and screening of functional antibodies in veterinary and human medicine.
Interdiffusion suppression at the cathode‐electrolyte interface of all‐solid‐state‐batteries by Li3PO4 conformal coating
Authors: Kim Jongheon , Ku Miju , Kim Sunmin , Yang Hwichul , Lee Daye , Lee Hansam , Kim Young‐Beom 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are promising energy‐storage devices with high energy density and safety. However, the discharge capacity of ASSLBs that use sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) and Ni‐rich cathode active materials (CAMs) deteriorates significantly during electrochemical cycling. Interfacial coatings between CAM and sulfide SEs are known to effectively alleviate capacity deterioration. Among the various coating materials, lithium phosphate (LPO) was selected and synthesized via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The crystal phase of the LPO thin film irreversibly changed, and the Li‐ion conductivity deteriorated after heat treatment. Additionally, particle ALD (P‐ALD) of LPO was successfully performed to completely passivate the CAM particles. Torque cells with the LPO‐coated CAMs showed excellent capacity retention, whereas the cells without the LPO coating showed a significantly deteriorated discharge capacity with increased internal resistances. The passivation effect of the LPO coating was confirmed by the cross‐sectional images from a FIB and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) dual system. We believe that the study will help us investigate the effects of side reactions between sulfide SEs and CAMs on the performance and stability of P‐ALD.
The EU's Autonomous Sanctions Against Russia in 2014 Versus 2022: How Does the Bureaucratic Politics Model Bring in the Institutional ‘Balance of Power’ Within the EU?
Authors: Sanus Ekin , Akgül‐Açıkmeşe Sinem , Karaoguz H. Emrah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has been more incensed over Russian aggression towards Ukraine in 2022, when compared to Russia's invasion of Crimea in 2014. This article questions this shift by looking at the EU's sanctions towards Russia. It argues that the relative unwillingness of the European Commission, and accordingly the imbalance or lopsided distribution of power within and amongst the relevant EU institutions, was one of the factors internal to the EU that prevented an effective response in 2014. Although external and contextual factors have been crucial, the EU has adopted harsher sanctions against Russia since 2022 because the Commission is not unwilling to act as it was in 2014, and dissenting members have found it difficult to obstruct the process in the Council of the EU. This article also extends the analytical repertoire of the bureaucratic politics model by demonstrating that it retains explanatory power even when the traditional parameters remain constant over time.
Between‐ and within‐child level associations between externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in a nationally representative sample of US elementary school children
Authors: Oh Yoonkyung , Morgan Paul L. , Greenberg Mark T. , Zucker Tricia A. , Landry Susan H. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundBoth transactional and common etiological models have been proposed as explanations of why externalizing behavior problems (EBP) and internalizing behavior problems (IBP) co‐occur in children. Yet little research has empirically evaluated these competing theoretical explanations. We examined whether EBP and IBP are transactionally related at the within‐child level while also identifying antecedents commonly associated with between‐child differences in underlying stability of both EBP and IBP across elementary school.MethodsWe analyzed a nationally representative and longitudinal sample of US schoolchildren (N = 7,326; 51% male) using random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel modeling (RI‐CLPM). We used teacher ratings of EBP and IBP as annually assessed from the spring of kindergarten (Mage = 6.12 years) through the spring of 5th grade (Mage = 11.09 years). Early childhood antecedents included child internal (i.e. inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and language/literacy) and external factors (i.e. parental warmth, harsh parenting, parenting stress, and maternal depressive symptoms).ResultsWe found little evidence for within‐child, transactional relations between EBP and IBP. Both types of behavior problems instead were substantially associated at the between‐child level. Inhibitory control was the strongest common antecedent that explained this longitudinal overlap. Cognitive flexibility, working memory, language/literacy skills, and maternal depression contributed specifically to the stability of IBP. Measures of parenting were specific to the stability of EBP.ConclusionsCommon etiological factors rather than transactional relations better explain the co‐occurrence of EBP and IBP during elementary school. Inhibitory control is a promising target of early intervention efforts for schoolchildren at risk of displaying both EBP and IBP.
The prevalence of prescription opioid use and misuse among emergency department patients in The Netherlands
Authors: Holkenborg Joris , Frenken Bernice A. , Bon Brigitte van de Kerkhof‐Van , Vroegop Maurice P. , Van Meggelen Mariska G. M. , Kramers Cees , Schellekens Arnt F. A. , Kraaijvanger Nicole 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRationalePrescription opioid use and misuse have increased rapidly in many Western countries in the past decade. Patients (mis)using opioids are at risk of presenting to the emergency department (ED) with opioid‐related problems. European data concerning prescription opioid (mis)use among the ED population is lacking.Aims and ObjectivesThis study aims to determine prevalence of prescription opioid use, misuse, and opioid use disorder (OUD) among Dutch ED patients. Secondary objectives were to explore factors associated with prescription opioid misuse and the number of patients discharged with a new opioid prescription.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional multicenter study at three hospitals in the Netherlands, adult ED patients were screened for current prescription opioid use. Opioid users filled out questionnaires regarding opioid (mis)use, and underwent a structured interview to assess OUD criteria. The primary outcomes were prevalence rates of (1) current prescription opioid use, (2) prescription opioid misuse (based on a Current Opioid Misuse Measure [COMM] score > 8), (3) OUD, based on DSM‐5 criteria. Independent T‐tests, Pearson χ2 and Fisher's Exact tests were used to analyse differences in characteristics between groups.ResultsA total of 997 patients were screened, of which 15% (n = 150) used prescription opioids. Out of 93 patients assessed, 22.6% (n = 21) showed signs of prescription opioid misuse, and 9.8% (n = 9, 95% CI: 4.5–17.8) fulfilled criteria for OUD. A medical history of psychiatric disorder was significantly more common in patients with prescription opioid misuse and OUD.ConclusionThis study shows that prescription opioid use is relatively common in ED patients in the Netherlands, compared to the overall population. Over one fifth of these patients shows signs of opioid misuse or OUD. Awareness among ED personnel about the high prevalence of prescription opioid (mis)use in their population is critical for signalling opioid‐related problems.
One‐day versus three‐day low‐residue diet bowel preparation regimens before colonoscopy: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Fan , Huang Xinxin , Wang Zhijie , Yan Ziwei , Wang Shuling , Pan Peng , Li Zhaoshen , Bai Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough studies have shown that the quality of bowel preparation with low‐residue diet (LRD) is as effective as that of clear fluid diet (CLD), there is currently no consensus on how long an LRD should last. The aim of this study was to compare a 1‐day versus 3‐day LRD on bowel preparation before colonoscopy.MethodsA systematic review search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane database from inception to April 2023. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared 1‐day with 3‐day LRD bowel cleansing regiments for patients undergoing colonoscopy. The rate of adequate bowel preparation, polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, tolerability, willingness to repeat preparation, and adverse events were estimated using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We also performed meta‐analysis to identify risk factors and predictors of inadequate preparation.ResultsFour studies published between 2019 and 2023 with 1927 participants were included. The present meta‐analysis suggested that 1‐day LRD was comparable with 3‐day LRD for adequate bowel preparation (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.65–1.21; P = 0.45; I2 = 0%; P = 0.52). The polyp detection rate (OR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77–1.14; P = 0.52; I2 = 23%; P = 0.27) and adenoma detection rate (OR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71–1.08; P = 0.21; I2 = 0%; P = 0.52) were similar between the groups. There were significantly higher odds of tolerability in patients consuming 1‐day LRD compared with 3‐day LRD (OR 1.64; 95% CI, 1.13–2.39; P < 0.01; I2 = 47%; P = 0.15). In addition, constipation was identified as the independent predictor of inadequate preparation (OR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.27–3.11; P < 0.01; I2 = 0%; P = 0.46).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that a 1‐day LRD was as effective as a 3‐day CLD in the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy and significantly improved tolerability of patients. In addition, constipation is an independent risk factor of poor bowel preparation, and the duration of LRD in patients with constipation still needs further clinical trials.
A systematic critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines of antithrombotic agents in gastrointestinal endoscopy using the AGREE II tool
Authors: Dayto Denisse Camille , Blonski Wojciech , Reljic Tea , Klocksieben Farina , Gill Jeffrey , Gomez‐Esquivel Rene D. , Patel Brijesh , Taunk Pushpak , Sephien Andrew , Thelin Camille , Kumar Ambuj 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of antithrombotic agents in patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has not been systematically appraised. The goal of this study was to evaluate the methodological quality of CPGs for the management of antithrombotic agents in periendoscopic period published within last 6 years.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify eligible CPGs published between January 1, 2016, and April 14, 2022, addressing the management of antithrombotic agents in the periendoscopic period. The quality of the CPG was independently assessed by six reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Domain scores were considered of sufficient quality when > 60% and of good quality when > 80%.ResultsThe search yielded 343 citations, of which seven CPGs published by the gastroenterology associations in Asia (n = 3), Europe (n = 2), and North America (n = 2) were included for the critical appraisal. The overall median score for the AGREE II domains was 93% (interquartile range [IQR] 11%) for scope and purpose, 79% (IQR 61%) for stakeholder involvement, 79% (IQR 36%) for rigor of development, 100% (IQR 14%) for clarity of presentation, 32% (IQR 36%) for applicability, 93% (IQR 29%) for editorial independence, and 86% (IQR 29%) for overall assessment.ConclusionsThe findings show that the overall methodological quality of the CPGs for the management of antithrombotic agents in the periendoscopic period varies across the domains. There is significant scope for improvement in the methodological rigor and applicability of CPGs.