bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiologic effect of gallium arsenide laser on frog gastrocnemius muscle*
Authors: Comelekoglu Ulku , Bagis Selda , Buyukakilli Belgin , Sahin Gunsah , Erdogan Canan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn this study, the effect of low energy Gallium arsenide (GaAs) laser irradiation on the compound action potential of frog gastrocnemius muscle were investigated.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixty frogs were divided into different six dose groups: laser 1 (1 Hz), laser 2 ( 4 Hz), laser 3 (16 Hz), laser 4 (64 Hz), laser 5 (128 Hz), and laser 6 (1,000 Hz, DC, continue) (in each group n = 10). Low energy GaAs laser (wavelenght: 904 nm, pulsed duration: 220 nanoseconds, peak power per pulse: 27 W, total applied energy density: 0.001–25.7 J/cm2) was used for the experiment. Compound muscle action potentials were recorded before laser irradiation and these data were accepted as control group. After recording the control data, each muscle was irradiated by the laser. Action potentials were recorded at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes of irradiation time in each group by using standartized needle electromyography and nerve conduction study techniques. Distal motor latency, peak to peak amplitude, area, and total duration of action potential were measured. Repeated measures analysis of variance were used for the statistical evaluation.ResultsNo significant differences were detected between control and laser dose groups in muscle action potential parameters.ConclusionsThis study revealed that at the different repetition rate and exposure time, low energy GaAs laser does not have any significant effect on frog gastrocnemius action potential. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:221‐226, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Planned obsolescence and marketing strategy
Authors: Utaka Atsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy using a two‐period model of a durable goods monopolist, we investigate marketing activities that have an obsolescence effect on products already sold in the past period. We assume that the monopolist can stimulate consumer demand for second‐period products by marketing activities, and analyse not only the case where the level of marketing is determined in the second period, but also the case where it is determined in advance, namely, in the first period. It is shown that the equilibrium level of marketing becomes higher than the efficiency level not only in the former case, but also in the latter case if the obsolescence effect is not so large. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of periodic limb movements in sleep with selegiline HCl
Authors: Grewal Manavdeep , Hawa Raed , Shapiro Colin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThirty‐one patients undergoing treatment with selegiline HCl for periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) were examined with respect to specific sleep composition in a retrospective study. Pre‐ and post‐treatment overnight polysomnographs revealed a highly significant decrease in the number of PLMS per hour of total sleep time (P < 0.0005). The alerting effect associated with selegiline was not found to have significant effect on patients' sleep efficiency or sleep‐onset latency (P > 0.10). As controversy continues regarding the medicated treatment of PLMS, our findings with selegiline point to an alternative for clinicians to consider. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
CYP2D6 polymorphism in Parkinson's disease: The Rotterdam study
Authors: Harhangi B. Sanjay , Oostra Ben A. , Heutink Peter , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Hofman Albert , Breteler Monique M.B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe CYP2D6 polymorphism has been studied extensively in association with Parkinson's disease (PD), with no consistent results. Several explanations, such as differences in study design or bias in the selection of the control population, have been offered for these inconsistent results. We designed a case control study nested within a prospective population‐based cohort study in which cases and controls were sampled from the same source population. To assess the significance of the CYP2D6 gene in PD, we investigated two mutant alleles, CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4, associated with poor metabolism and the wild type allele in 80 patients with PD and 156 matched controls, frequency matched on age and gender. No differences between cases and controls were found for the poor metabolizer genotype. However, we found that in contrast to earlier reports, the CYP2D6*4 mutant allele frequency was lower in cases as compared to controls, albeit not statistically significant. Our result supports the hypothesis that the CYP2D6 gene is not a major gene responsible for PD. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Cervical dystonia severity scale reliability study
Authors: O'Brien Christopher , Brashear Allison , Cullis Paul , Truong Daniel , Molho Eric , Jenkins Stephen , Wojcieszek Joanne , O'Neil Thomas , Factor Stewart , Seeberger Lauren 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCervical dystonia (CD) is characterized by sustained contractions of the neck musculature, resulting in abnormal head postures. The Cervical Dystonia Severity Scale (CDSS) was developed to provide a reliable measure of treatment response in patients with CD. The CDSS uses a protractor and wall chart to rate the severity of the head's deviation from neutral in each of three planes of motion (rotation, laterocollis, anterocollis/retrocollis), which is then scored in 5 degree intervals (1 degree to 5 degrees deviation = 1; 86 degree to 90 degrees deviation = 18).To test the reliability of the CDSS, four centers, each with two independent examiners, evaluated 42 patients with CD. At each site, each of the two examiners used the CDSS to evaluate the head position of each patient twice, on the same day, for a total of four evaluations. The kappa value for intra‐examiner agreement was 0.94 (95% confidence limit of 0.900–0.972), indicating excellent intra‐examiner reliability. The kappa value for interexaminer reliability was 0.79 for the first evaluation and 0.86 for the second evaluation (95% confidence limits of 0.668–0.920 and 0.790–0.920) indicating excellent interexaminer reliability. Thus, the CDSS was highly reliable in both intra‐examiner and interexaminer scoring comparisons. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
A subcutaneous heterotopic limb transplantation model in the mouse for prolonged allograft survival
Authors: Tung Thomas H.H. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA heterotopic position of a limb allograft is advantageous in the fragile mouse model to reduce mortality but is prone to autotomy. The purpose of this study was to describe a new heterotopic limb transplantation model in the mouse for prolonged allograft survival. Eleven lower hindlimbs were transplanted in a heterotopic subcutaneous position in the groin of the recipient animal with the donor skin inset as a skin paddle for monitoring. Seven transplants were syngeneic (Balb/c) and four were allogeneic (C57Bl/6 donor). The overall success rate (acute survival < 7 days) was 73% (8/11) and the mortality rate was 18% (2/11). Five of seven syngeneic transplants survived for 60 days and were harvested for histology. Recipients of successful allogeneic transplants (n = 3) received no immunosuppression and rejected their allografts between 8 and 11 days postoperatively. Mixed lymphocyte culture and flow cytometry demonstrated secondary immune responses by pre‐sensitized animals, and histology showed lymphocytic infiltration and necrosis consistent with acute rejection. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:298–305 2001
Stabilization of infinite‐dimensional second‐order system by adaptive PI‐controllers
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper adaptive stabilization of infinite‐dimensional undamped second‐order systems is considered in the case where the input and output operators are collocated. The systems have an infinite number of poles and zeros on the imaginary axis. The adaptive stabilizer is constructed by an adaptive PI‐controller (proportional plus integral controller). An energy‐like function and a multiplier function are introduced and adaptive stabilization of the linear second‐order systems is analyzed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bounds for mixtures of an arbitrary number of materials
Authors: Barbarosie Cristian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of bounding the effective conductivity coefficients of mixtures made of several materials, in given proportions. Lower and upper bounds are obtained, and the optimality of these bounds is proven under certain hypotheses. Also, necessary and sufficient conditions for a mixture to attain the bounds are described. Some of the results were already known, but we give simpler proofs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FIR filter design problems of simultaneous approximation of magnitude and phase and magnitude and group delay
Authors: Reemtsen Rembert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo of the four central design problems for FIR filters in the frequency domain are the problems of simultaneous approximation of prescribed magnitude and phase responses and prescribed magnitude and group delay responses, respectively. In the past, these problems have almost always been approached in indirect and approximative ways only. Especially (approximate) solutions of the simpler frequency response approximation problem have served as substitutes for solutions of the magnitude‐phase problem. In this paper, at first a rigorous mathematical formulation of both problems is developed and then, for these problems, the existence of solutions and results on the convergence of the approximation errors are proved. (A method to solve both problems is simultaneously suggested in Görner et al. (Optimization and Engineering 2000; 1:123–154).) Also the improvement, obtained by use of a direct solution of the magnitude‐phase response problem instead of a solution of the frequency response problem, is quantified by computable bounds. In the study, the approximation errors are measured by an arbitrary Lp‐normresp. lp‐norm with 1⩽p⩽∞, and constraints on the filter coefficients are permitted. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the radiation properties of a planar antenna on a photonic crystal substrate
Authors: Ammari Habib , Béreux Natacha , Bonnetier Eric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the rigorous investigation of the radiation properties of a planar patch antenna on a photonic crystal substrate. Under the assumptions that the driving frequency of the antenna lies within the band gap of the photonic crystal substrate and that the crystal satisfies a symmetry condition, we prove that the power radiated into the substrate decays exponentially. To do this, we reduce the radiation problem to the study of the well‐posedness of a weakly singular integral equation on the patch antenna, and to the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the corresponding Green's function. We also provide a mathematical justification of the use of a photonic crystal substrate as a perfect mirror at any incidence angle. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic behaviour of global smooth solutionsto the multidimensional hydrodynamic model for semiconductors
Authors: Hsiao Ling , Wang Shu , Zhao Huijiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we study asymptotic behaviour of the global smooth solutions to the multidimensional hydrodynamic model for semiconductors. We prove that the solution of the problem converges to a stationary solution time asymptotically exponentially fast. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical monitoring system for wavelength‐routing networks employing array waveguide gratings
Authors: Capmany José , Pastor Daniel , Muñoz Pascual 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel passive scheme for the path monitoring of wavelength‐routed networks where optical nodes are implemented by means of arrayed waveguide routers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 319–322, 2001.
On the accuracy of the addition theorem for a scalar Green's function used in the FMM
Authors: Li Jian‐Ying , Li Le‐Wei , Ooi Ban‐Leong , Kooi Pang‐Shyan , Leong Mook‐Seng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe addition theorem for a free‐space scalar Green's function plays an important role in the fast multipole method (FMM). Therefore, both the accuracy and convergence are issues of concern in the code implementation of the FMM. In this paper, the addition theorem, when used in an unbounded Green's function, is numerically analyzed, and its accuracy is thus addressed and discussed. Specifically, the number of terms kept in the multipole expansion L is discussed in detail, and comparisons are made among the cases where difference parameters are used. A simple example applying the FMM to compute RCSs by a rectangular plate is given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 439–442, 2001.
Truncation of finite‐element mesh for modal analysis of dielectric waveguides
Authors: Selleri S. , Vincetti L. , Zoboli M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new approach for mesh truncation in the finite‐element vectorial modal analysis of dielectric waveguides is presented. It is based on layers with real anisotropic permittivity and permeability tensors. The approach does not require any iterative procedure, can directly calculate many modes at the same time, and is very accurate in providing both the vectorial field distribution and the propagation constant. The resulting matrices for the eigenvalue problem are still sparse and real, thus limiting the computational effort. Mode cutoff conditions can be easily studied with high precision. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 178–182, 2002.
A novel printed microstrip window antenna for size reduction and circuit embedding
Authors: Xue Quan , Shum Kam Man , Chan Chi Hou , Luk Kwai Man 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA printed microstrip window antenna is proposed in this paper. The window antenna is obtained by perforating a conventional microstrip patch antenna into a window‐like geometry. This perforation not only induces a size reduction of more than 50%, but also makes it possible for antenna and RF circuits to be integrated into a unified subsystem by embedding passive and active circuits into the windows of the antenna. The 10 dB return‐loss bandwidth of the window antenna is 1.7%, with a gain of 3.7 dBi. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 192–194, 2002.
Efficient capacitance extraction of MMIC passive components using MoM combined with discrete complex image method
Authors: Wang C. F. , Tan K. K. , Li L. W. , Kooi P. S. , Leong M. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the calculation of the capacitance of monolithic microwave integrated‐circuit (MMIC) passive components. The method of moments (MoM) is used to solve the integral equation for the electrostatic problem with the help of the spatial‐domain multilayered media Green's function that can be obtained using the discrete complex image method (DCIM). As an application, the capacitance of several MMIC passive components, including capacitors and interconnects, is calculated. The numerical experiments show the efficiency and accuracy of the present method. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 216–219, 2002.
Modeling of microwave devices with artificial neural networks using segmentation and finite elements
Authors: Cid Juan M. , García Jesús , Zapata Juan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe CAD of microwave devices involves extensively computing their electromagnetic response. Using segmentation and finite elements, a neural model for an arbitrary device is developed efficiently, even if the number of design parameters is high. This is made clear with an example of a transition between coaxial and rectangular waveguides. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 221–224, 2002.
Input impedance of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using artificial neural networks
Authors: Pattnaik Shyam S. , Panda Dhruba C. , Devi S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new method of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the calculation of the input impedance of rectangular microstrip patch antennas has been adopted in this paper. The results obtained using ANNs are compared with the experimental findings, theoretical values, and with the simulation results obtained using an IE3D package. The ANNs result are more in agreement with experimental findings. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 381–383, 2002.
Low‐sidelobe pattern synthesis of spherical arrays using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Chung You Chung , Haupt Randy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA genetic algorithm (GA) finds complex weights that yield low‐sidelobe levels for spherical arrays. The first example is a spherical–planar array with an initial high sidelobe of −13 dB, and which has an optimized pattern with a maximum sidelobe level of −27 dB. The second example is a spherical–circular array with an initial high sidelobe of −16 dB, and which has an optimized pattern with a maximum sidelobe level of −34 dB. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 412–414, 2002.
A broadband and thin circular microstrip antenna suitable for 1800 MHz band operation
Authors: Jan Jen‐Yea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel broadband design of a thin circular microstrip antenna suitable for 1800 MHz band operation is demonstrated. Due to the embedding of reactive loading and slots in the ground plane, a broadband operation with its two resonant modes centered at about 1800 MHz has been obtained. The proposed broadband design shows that an antenna bandwidth is ∼4.9 times that of a conventional circular microstrip antenna. Details of the antenna design and experimental results of the proposed antenna are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 434–435, 2002.
A variational calculation for higher order mode cutoff frequencies of a symmetrical strip line by conformal mapping
Authors: Yang Hyunkieu , Lee Sangseol 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cutoff frequencies of higher order modes in a symmetrical strip line are calculated using the variational finite‐element method combined with conformal mapping. Conformal mapping is used to improve the modeling of the infinite transverse extents of a strip line. Then the finite‐element method is employed to solve the variational equation in the transformed finite region. Comparisons with numerical results found in the literature validate the presented method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 449–452, 2002.
Multigrid analysis of scattering by large planar structures
Authors: Livne Oren E. , Brandt Achi , Boag Amir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFast iterative analysis of two‐dimensional scattering by a large but finite array of perfectly conducting strips requires efficient evaluation of the electric field. We present a novel multigrid algorithm that carries out this task in CN computer operations, where C depends logarithmically on the desired accuracy in the field, and N is the number of spatial grid points. Numerical results are presented, and extensions of the algorithm are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 454–458, 2002.
A unique lateral displacement of a Gaussian beam transmitted through a slab with negative permittivity and permeability
Authors: Kong Jin Au , Wu Bae‐Ian , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis Letter demonstrates a unique negative lateral shift of a Gaussian beam transmitted through a slab with both negative permittivity and permeability, which is distinctly different from a shift caused by a regular dielectric slab. The incident beam is modeled as a tapered wave with a Gaussian spectrum. The waves inside and outside the slab are solved analytically from Maxwell's equations by matching the boundary conditions at the interfaces. It is shown that the field values in all regions can be unambiguously determined. Numerical simulations are presented and the field values as well as the power densities are computed for all regions. A dramatic negative lateral shift is observed when both ε and μ are negative. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 136–139, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10255
On analytical absorbing boundary conditions in FDTD
Authors: Yu Jihui , Li Yongming , Tai Heng‐Ming 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this Letter a new algorithm to compute the corner‐point field components of a two‐dimensional (2‐D) Mur absorbing boundary condition (ABC) in the finite‐difference–time‐domain (FDTD) method is presented. It is shown that field value calculation at the corner points of the truncation domain affects the accuracy of the FDTD. The proposed scheme overcomes the drawbacks of reflection on the truncated boundary and computation divergence that may occur when the existing scheme is used. Numerical examples are illustrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 437–440, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10344
Analysis of a corrugated horn with the use of the BOR‐FDTD method
Authors: Johnson Christopher P. , Wahid Parveen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe derivation of the body‐of‐revolution finite‐difference–time‐domain (BOR‐FDTD) technique is presented and used to determine the return loss and radiation patterns of a corrugated horn. The perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions are used for the computation. The source excitation is a sine‐modulated Gaussian pulse, spatially weighted with the cylindrical TE11 mode fields. The results for the return loss and radiation patterns are compared with those obtained using a commercial package based on a mode‐ matching/method‐of‐moments technique. The results show excellent agreement. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 452–457, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10348
On reflection from a half‐space with negative real permittivity and permeability
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reflection of a normally incident wideband pulse by a half‐space whose permittivity and permeability obey the one‐resonance Lorentz model is calculated. The results are compared with those from frequency‐domain reflection analysis. In the spectral regime, wherein the real parts of the permittivity and the permeability are negative, as well as in small adjacent neighborhoods of that regime, the time‐domain analysis validates the conclusion that it is sufficient to ensure that the imaginary part of the refractive index is positive—regardless of the sign of the real part of the refractive index. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 465–467, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10352