bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Mechanisms
Authors: Kresin Vladimir Z , Morawitz Hans , Wolf Stuart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic idea that elementary excitations arising from magnetic degrees of freedom (magnons) may affect superconducting pairing between electrons predates the discovery of the superconducting cuprates by about two decades. It was considered in papers by Berk and Schrieffer [1] and Doniach and Engelsberg [2], who showed that incipient ferromagnetic order could suppress phonon-induced s-wave pairing. Pairing in 3He associated with nearly ferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the p-wave channel was proposed by Anderson and Brinkman [3]. For the heavy fermion materials, d-wave pairing due to nearly antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuations was proposed by Scalapino, Loh, and Hirsch [4, 6] and Miyake, Schmitt-Rink, and Varma [5].
High TcCuprates
Authors: Kresin Vladimir Z , Morawitz Hans , Wolf Stuart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we are going to focus on a description of the high-transition-temperature cuprate superconductors. Their discovery stimulated much of the theoretical development that is described in the previous chapters. At the present time there are a large number of compounds in this family but the original discovery by Bednorz and Mueller [1] was a LaBaCuO compound with a transition temperature of about 30 K. These compounds were studied earlier in detail by Raveau and his coworkers [2b] who demonstrated that they were metallic. A breakthrough with a transition temperature above liquid nitrogen temperature was achieved in the compound YBa2Cu307 -x [3]. Since then the number of unique materials has risen to over 50. Some compounds have transition temperatures in excess of 100 K: BiSrCaCuO [4] including SrCaCuO [4b] and TlBaCaCuO [5]. All cuprates have one feature in common, namely CuO planes which form a quasi-2D layered compound.
Franklin and Bache
Authors: Smith Jeffery A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the end of his seventy-year career as a journalist, Benjamin Franklin trained his grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache, in his profession. After his grandfather's death, Bache brought the republican and Enlightenment ideas he had been taught to the heated party controversies of the 1790s. He became the leading Jeffersonian journalist of the period and was boycotted, physically assaulted, and eventually charged with seditious libel shortly before his death in 1798. Jeffery Smith vividly illustrates the intense ideological conflict of the period through this original study of Bache's education and career.
“Bulldozers on the Old Plantation”
Authors: Schulman Bruce J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thomas Wallner was distressed. Surveying the South’s tumultuous mobilization for war in early 1942, the new president of the Southern States Industrial Council warned that “This war cannot possibly be won … for one fundamental reason and only one.” The national government, Wallner complained,”meaning primarily the President of the United States—still stubbornly persists in the attempt simultaneously to fight a foreign war and to wage an internal economic revolution.”
Persistent Whiggery: Federal Entitlements and Southern Politics
Authors: Schulman Bruce J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a celebrated remark of December 1943, President Roosevelt replaced “Dr. New Deal” with “Dr. Win-the-War.” Few observers, then or later, realized that the President had not retired the old medic, but had dispatched him below the Mason-Dixon line to reorganize the economy of the South. Wage policy shaped a new workforce. It raised labor standards and eradicated the sweatshop, but also eliminated the jobs that had furnished employment to countless workers. At the same time, the federal government constructed thousands of new factories in the South, catalyzing economic diversification and enhancing the region’s allure lo private industry. No effort, however, so pointedly revealed the continued vitality of reform after 1938 as the proliferation of federal entitlements in the South and the principle of equalization in the disbursement of federal funds.
Homelessness and Social Policy
Authors: Blau Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Only 8 percent of the population is self-employed. For the vast majority of people, then, there are only two ways of getting money from a private pension or salary working for somebody else, or from a government social program. When workers in private industry get a bigger salary, the extra money either comes out of potential increases in managerial salaries, or from the profits of owners and stockholders. Similarly, when the government raises the salaries of public sector employees or increases social benefits to recipients, taxpayers must pay more to finance the additional cost. In both instances, the money that poor people do not get is money that someone else can get or keep. In both instances, some people benefit because they receive a larger share of the society’s total income. The first premise in any analysis of U.S. social policy is, therefore, that for the well-to-do at least, poverty is quite useful. There is nothing very startling about this premise. It is merely intended to demonstrate that the existence of each poor person is not a random event. The alternative view of poverty as a random event is deeply embedded in the American ethos. It assumes that people are poor either because poverty is the hand that life dealt them, or because they badly misplayed the hand they got. Under no circumstances are they ever poor so that others can be rich.
Surface Imaging by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Chiang S , Wilson R J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The knowledge of the structure of a surface is extremely important to the fundamental understanding of the chemical reactions that occur there. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), atom diffraction, and ion channeling are some of the common experimental methods for studying surface structure. These methods are all indirect because calculations must be performed for model structures in order to fit the data. Periodic surface structures are also required in order to measure structures using some diffraction techniques. Other methods of measuring surface structure, such as photoemission and vibrational spectra, may be even less direct and more difficult to interpret. The measurement of the real-space image of a surface with atomic resolution is clearly very desirable for improved understanding of surface structure.
The Alphabet Enters Oral Greece
Authors: Robb Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of Greek literacy commences with some scraps of alphabetic writing that are securely dated to no earlier than the eighth century before Christ. It culminates, or at least reaches a significant plateau, in mid-fourth-century Athens when the city’s major cultural institutions, notably the courts and formal education, have grown dependent on alphabetic literacy for their daily functioning. At either end of the long chronological spectrum—a span of 400 years—the facts have now emerged into reasonably clear light. Something approaching scholarly consensus about them may be detected in recent publications from historians of Greek literacy.
Mimesis Banished
Authors: Robb Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reform passages1 of Books II and III of Plato’s Republic have assumed an unusual role in this work. They have become the primary—but far from exclusive—evidence that as late as the composition of this dialogue, which is traditionally placed early in the second quarter of the fourth century, Athenian paideia was still wedded to the practices of an entrenched oral tradition.2
Peshat And Derash
Authors: Halivni David Weiss 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers a new explanation for the willingness of the early Sages to attribute to scripture meanings nowhere suggested in the text itself. Halvini contends that the consciousness of what is meant by the meaning of a biblical text differs from period to period. He documents his thesis with detailed analysis of an extensive variety of passages from talmudic and medieval literature.
The Meaning and History of the Noun Peshat
Authors: Halivni David Weiss 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I suspect that the notions that exegesis is time bound and that rabbinic exegesis, though it generally did not prefer peshat over derash, did, however, move in the direction of less interference with the substantive meaning of the text, will encounter opposition from some quarters. It will be argued that despite the objections raised by some recent scholars against the traditional understanding of the noun peshat when it connotes a mode of interpretation, these scholars’ own interpretation of this noun leaves much to be desired. In the absence of a more satisfying substitute meaning, it may be argued, the accepted meaning remains regnant.
Introduction
Authors: Commins David Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A slice of the history of modem Islamic reform in Syria lies in the living room of a modest apartment in Damascus. Books, journals, manuscripts, and loose papers packed together on tall shelves line three walls. Hanging above the books on one wall are three portrait photographs that depict the heritage of a family central to the reform movement. On the left side is Mul;lammad Sa’1d al-QasimI, a bearded, whiteturbaned shaykh of some 50 years, pictured with a book open before him. In the middle stands his eldest son, Jamal al-Dm, another bearded shaykh wearing a robe and white turban, perhaps in his early 30s. On the right, Mul;lammad Sa’Id’s youngest son, Salal;l al-Dm, presents a different aspect: a young man with a thin mustache, dressed in European-style coat and trousers, starched white shirt, bow tie, and topped with a fez.
Salafi Interpretations of Islam: Reason and Unity in Qasim1
Authors: Commins David Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Controversial and commonplace ideas coexist in the salafis’ interpretations of Islam. For instance, all Muslim jurists would agree with the following statement by Jamal al-Dm al-QasimI: "Know that the basis of every religious ruling is the Book [the Quran] because it is the fundamental principle and source.... Every religious ruling must refer to it and issue from it, such that even the Prophetic Sunnah’s basis is the Book of God."1 However, QasimI’s arguments against adhering to the legal schools stirred violent opposition. The present discussion of salafism will concentrate on its distinctive, controversial features and on the salafis’ motives for espousing ideas that exposed them to persecution.
Salafi Interpretations of Islam: Society and Social Life in QasimI
Authors: Commins David Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In addition to redefining the qualifications and practices of the ulama, the salafis set out how ulama should relate to other social groups.1 Qasimi expressed his attitude toward the popular classes in his comments on innovations (bida’) in ritual, on Sufi orders, and on visits to saints’ tombs. He also partook in the debate that raged around 1900 in the Muslim world over the status of women. Apropos of the salafis’ program for a reunited Muslim community, we have seen how they opposed legal school prejudice. An examination of Qasimi’s attempts to bridge differences between Sunnis and Sh1’1s complements the discussion of legal schools and raises the question of whether he achieved a disinterested position on issues at the root of Sunni-Shi’I divisions or if he retained Sunni biases. We also consider how the salafis conceived of progress, their attitudes toward new inventions and imports from Europe, and the way they thought religion and progress buttressed each other.
The New Negro
Authors: Huggins Nathan Irvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The decade of the 1920s, with the Great War over, was one of general liberation; everything seemed in flux. America was self-conscious about a newness and change which had actually begun in the years before America’s entry into the European war. This had been the theme of Van Wyck Brooks’s America’s Coming of Age (1915). Brooks announced that American arts and letters were at last free from the fetters of provincialism and Puritanism. The bracing winds from Europe had propelled the becalmed American culture and set it loose to find its own course. Van Wyck Brooks and the young intellectuals who had engaged in the prewar rebellion went into the war convinced that the day of American art and letters was at hand.1 Despite the disillusionment that followed wartime idealism, the 1920s continued some of this spirit of emancipation, innovation, and newness. The aura of the postwar decade, epitomized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “younger generation” and the Jazz Age, was reflected among Negro intellectuals too. They created the “New Negro.”
Art: The Black Identity
Authors: Huggins Nathan Irvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been the fate of all Americans to struggle to accommodate the individual and his particular ethos to the broad general American culture. Black men and white men, immigrant and native, have been subject to crises of identity because the American Dream promises to include them all in a common culture which has not been realized. The problem is paradoxical. For the tradition of America is change, and the singular characteristic of its culture is vague indefiniteness. For the individual to define himself in terms of American experience has been therefore problematic. Identity could no more be taken for granted than could culture itself. The immigrant and his children tried to belong to the adopted culture: learn the language, drop old ways, adopt new styles and mannerisms. But, in time, the adopted mannerisms, life styles, language, and materialism became feeble substitutes for genuine culture. And third and fourth generations of immigrant families attempt to rediscover an ethnic tradition. The native American and his children have been no more secure. Constantly dislocated in the flux of an ever-changing society, they have tried to translate the uncertainties of newness into what has been understood as traditional. Foreign or native, one sooner or later would find comfort in ethnic identification.
Art: The Ethnic Province
Authors: Huggins Nathan Irvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The depression brought an abrupt end to the vogue of Harlem. Hard times made people concentrate on the immediate, the mundane, the essentials of living, rather than on cultural concerns. The end of prohibition deprived Harlem of some of its exclusive appeal: nightlife, cabarets, illicit amusements. That could be had anywhere if one had the purse and spirit. The demise of the vogue of the Negro also ended that promoted culture called the “Harlem Renaissance.,. Self-conscious culture had to struggle for relevancy at a time when physical survival was a notable achievement. The industrial apparatus, the capitalistic system, the white man’s machine, however much despised, had never been doubted as the agent of automatic progress-the promise of American life. Economic collapse was, thus, far more shocking than could have been imagined. The intellectual dispossessed-white or black-could not avoid the mixed feelings of horror and glee that the monster was fallible after all. But the shock destroyed the easy optimism that had been assumed even among social critics. The naivete that nurtured the belief that black poets and writers, painters and sculptors, would emerge from the pages of Crisis and Opportunity or from the Harmon Foundation competitions as the new and genuine American culture seemed pathetically innocent as bread lines lengthened. It appeared that the Harlem Renaissance had been a false labor. Of course, Negro artists and writers continued under different sponsorship and promotion-sometimes by the W.P.A. and sometimes the Communist party.
Issues of Quality
Authors: Logan Charles H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even if private prisons do prove to be less expensive, critics charge that this can come only at the cost of sacrifices in quality. Indeed, responsiveness to economic incentives, which proponents see as essential to competition on both cost and quality, is regarded by many opponents as the natural enemy of value. Achieving economy at the expense of quality is commonly referred to as “corner cutting.”Critics contend that corner cutting is an almost inevitable consequence of the pursuit of profits. “It’s impossible to make a profit and not cut those corners,”declares Stefan Presser, a Houston ACLU attorney.
The Return of the Native
Authors: Cornell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An incisive look at American Indian and Euro-American relations from the seventeenth century to the present, this book focuses on how such relations--and Indian responses to them--have shaped contemporary Indian political fortunes. Cornell shows how, in the early days of colonization, Indians were able to maintain their nationhood by playing off the competing European powers; and how the American Revolution and westward expansion eventually caused Native Americans to lose their land, social cohesion, and economic independence. The final part of the book recounts the slow, steady reemergence of American Indian political power and identity, evidenced by militant political activism in the 1960s and early 1970s. By paying particular attention to the evolution of Indian groups as collective actors and to changes over time in Indian political opportunities and their capacities to act on those opportunities, Cornell traces the Indian path from power to powerlessness and back to power again.
Toward a Supratribal Consciousness
Authors: Cornell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Christopher Columbus, sailing westward in 1492, concluded that he had struck the Indies and accordingly designated the peoples he encountered “los Indios,” he gave birth to a misnomer-”Indians” in English-that soon came to embrace all the native inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere. It was a label at odds not only with the geographical facts, but also, in its implied uniformity, with the subjective perceptions and sociological realities of the inhabitants themselves. As Hazel Hertzberg has pointed out, culturally the peoples of the Americas were more diverse than the Europeans.
Discovering Eve
Authors: Meyers Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The biblical image of Eve has powerfully influenced ideas about women for the past two millennia. Yet, as Carol Meyers argues in Discovering Eve, the image of the first of women as subservient and dependent does not represent some irreducible historical truth. Rather, it represents the androcentric constructions of a group of urban elite males (including, most notably, the Apostle Paul and Rabbi Yohannan) who had a decisive effect on the founding of Judaeo-Christian traditions. Meyers produces convincing evidence, archaeological, scriptural, and sociological, that ancient Israelite woman fulfilled a role very different from that of the biblical Eve. The real Eve, she demonstrates, was a figure of some social substance, a strong and important figure in the social and familial milieux.
Eve as the Symbol of Women: Understanding the Task
Authors: Meyers Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eve. We all think we know her and understand what she represents. Few come of age in the western world without having heard of Eden. It would be difficult to find anyone unfamiliar with the primeval couple, Eve and Adam. Nearly all of us have read, or have had read to us, the simple and powerful narrative of Genesis 2 and 3.
The Genesis Paradigms for Female Roles, Part II: Genesis 3:16
Authors: Meyers Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps no single verse of scripture is more troublesome, from a feminist perspective, than is the divine oracle to the woman in Genesis 3:16. Ever since the earliest translations of the Bible, which are contemporary with the oldest extant extrabiblical sources connecting Eve and Eden with sin and suffering, the verse has been rendered in a way that communicates two persistent beliefs about female existence: first, women are associated with severe pain in childbirth; second, they are portrayed in a relationship subordinate to men.
Organizational Expansion and Trans£ormation
Authors: Staggenborg Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The legalization of abortion in 1973 was a movement victory that fueled a growing countermovement and forced pro-choice organizations to defend abortion rights in new arenas. Had the anti-abortion movement failed to make any progress in the following years, it is doubtful that the pro-choice movement could have survived; threats to abortion rights proved to be critical to keeping the movement alive. But the countermovement won its first major victory in 1976 with Congressional passage of the Hyde Amendment banning federal funding of abortions. With this first important defeat, the pro-choice movement came to a second critical juncture. Paradoxically, the anti-abortion victory on government funding of abortions, together with other threatening events in the post-Hyde period (e.g., the election of anti-abortion President Ronald Reagan), was a boon to the prochoice movement.
The Reproductive Rights Movement
Authors: Staggenborg Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Feminists alarmed by threats to abortion rights in the late 1970s and early 1980s did not want to engage in reactive, single-issue politics. Nor did they want to create formalized movement organizations led by professional leaders. They wanted, instead, to reclaim the offensive and fight for reproductive rights in the tradition of the younger branch of the women’s movement.
Victory and Survival, 1983-1989
Authors: Staggenborg Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On June 15, 1983, the Supreme Court reaffirmed Roe v. Wade by striking down most state and local restrictions limiting access to abortions. And on June 28, the Senate rejected a constitutional amendment that would have allowed Congress and the state legislatures to restrict abortions (see New York Times, July 10, 1983). With these events, the years of heightened threat to abortion rights that began with the anti-abortion victory on the Hyde Amendment came to an end. The Supreme Court would later open the way for another period of intensive attacks on abortion rights with its Webster v. Reproductive Health Services ruling in 1989, but in 1983 the abortion conflict entered a new phase during which threats to abortion rights were much less visible than in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
General Framework of Quaternionic Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Adler Stephen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We proceed now to give the basic kinematic and dynamical framework of quaternionic quantum mechanics. In much of what follows there is a close analogy with the familiar framework of complex quantum mechanics, but there are a number of characteristic features of the quaternionic case that play a significant role in the sequel, and to which we alert the reader.
A Bit of Bolshevik Sociology: Workers Write About Their Jobs
Authors: Blumberg Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a book about the ingenious ways business cheats consumers in the marketplace. It is based on over 700 essays writ ten by workers in dozens of different kinds of enterprises who reveal the deceptions and tricks of the trade carried out at their place of work. The book was inspired in part by a footnote to twentieth century history. In the years following the Russian Revolution, the Bolshevik government, seeking to discredit capital ism and the former Czarist regime, encouraged workers to write their memoirs of life in Czarist factories, describing how their employers had cheated the public and exploited the workers, and contrasting their dreary lives in pre-revolutionary factories with their presumably brighter lives since the revolution.