bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐layer microstrip antennas on quartz substrates: Technological considerations and performances at 60 GHz
Authors: Coquet Ph. , Sauleau R. , Shinohara K. , Lhermite H. , Matsui T. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the thin‐film fabrication process and the performance of 60‐GHz aperture‐coupled microstrip patch antennas printed on fused quartz substrates. It is shown that their characteristics (input impedance, axial ratio) are strongly modified by residual air gaps located between the two substrates of the antenna. In particular, FDTD simulations demonstrate that these parasitic effects can be minimized by using two ground/reflecting planes and by keeping the thickness of the air layer thinner than λ0/250, where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength. To face this technological problem, two intermediate metal and adhesive (low‐temperature) wafer bonding techniques, respectively based on indium and polymer layers, have been developed and validated experimentally for linear and circular polarization patch antennas and arrays. The lift‐off fabrication process is also described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 41–47, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11281
Spatial and temporal fading correlations of a uniform circular array smart antenna in urban vehicular propagation
Authors: Kavak Adnan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFor smart antenna systems, the space‐time correlation of received signals at an antenna array is a crucial parameter in most adaptive beamforming techniques. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the variation of spatial and temporal fading correlations and the eigenspread of a space–time correlation matrix for a seven‐element uniform circular array (UCA) under the line‐of‐sight (LOS) and the non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) urban propagation conditions. A space‐time fading correlation model for the UCA, which depends on angular distribution of multipaths, array geometry, Doppler shift, and time offset, is also proposed. The results show that spatial correlations between any pair of antenna elements in the NLOS propagation are less than those in the LOS propagation, and temporal correlations are approximately the same for both propagation conditions. The NLOS propagation causes larger eigenspread for the space‐time correlation matrix, as compared to the NLOS propagation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 61–65, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11285
Linking fluorescence induction curve and biomass in herbicide screening
Authors: Christensen Martin G , Teicher Harald B , Streibig Jens C 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA suite of dose–response bioassays with white mustard (Sinapis alba L) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) in the greenhouse and with three herbicides was used to analyse how the fluorescence induction curves (Kautsky curves) were affected by the herbicides. Bentazone, a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor, completely blocked the normal fluorescence decay after the P‐step. In contrast, fluorescence decay was still obvious for flurochloridone, a PDS inhibitor, and glyphosate, an EPSP inhibitor, which indicated that PSII inhibition was incomplete. From the numerous parameters that can be derived from OJIP‐steps of the Kautsky curve the relative changes at the J‐step [Fvj = (Fm − Fj)/Fm] was selected to be a common response parameter for the herbicides and yielded consistent dose–response relationships. Four hours after treatment, the response Fvj on the doses of bentazone and flurochloridone could be measured. For glyphosate, the changes of the Kautsky curve could similarly be detected 4 h after treatment in sugar beet, but only after 24 hs in S alba. The best prediction of biomass in relation to Fvj was found for bentazone. The experiments were conducted between May and August 2002 and showed that the ambient temperature and solar radiation in the greenhouse could affect dose–response relationships. If the Kautsky curve parameters should be used to predict the outcome of herbicide screening experiments in the greenhouse, where ambient radiation and temperature can only partly be controlled, it is imperative that the chosen fluorescence parameters can be used to predict accurately the resulting biomass used in classical bioassays. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Partial characterization and insecticidal properties of Ricinus communis L foliage flavonoids
Authors: Upasani Shripad M , Kotkar Hemlata M , Mendki Prashant S , Maheshwari Vijay L 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAqueous leaf extract of Ricinus communis L (Euphorbiaceae), a cultivated plant in tropical countries, showed excellent insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus chinensis L (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). We have isolated and tested flavonoids as insecticidal and antimicrobial agents. The isolated flavonoids showed potential insecticidal, ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities against C chinensis L. However, antimicrobial activity against the common microbial infestants of stored pulses, of which C chinensis is a major pest, was found to be insignificant. Two bands having Rf 0.63 and 0.69 were seen on HPTLC plates using mobile phase benzene + ethyl acetate + methanol + formic acid (12 + 4.5 + 2 + 1.5 by volume) as eluant. The Rf values and scanning of the spectrum in the ultraviolet region, showed identity with the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol. This was further confirmed using HPLC and IR and UV spectrometry. HPLC and HPTLC chromatograms also suggested quercetin to be the major flavonoid present in the hydrolyzed aqueous leaf extract of R communis. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The Development of Price Formation Theory and Subjectivism about Ultimate Values
Authors: Walsh Adrian , Lynch Tony 
Published: November 2003

abstract  One sometimes finds leading economic thinkers expounding the metaphysical thesis that the ultimate ethical value of an object reflects nothing about the properties of the object in itself and instead reflects the subjective tastes of the valuer. Could anything in economics qua economics provide a warrant for such ethical subjectivism? And what might tempt economists to speak on such broadly meta‐ethical issues? In this paper we argue that a partial explanation for the subjectivist cast‐of‐mind of much economic theory is to be found in the recent history of price formation theory. (We focus in particular on the so‐called ‘Marginalist’ and ‘Ordinalist’ Revolutions in price theory.) We argue that although such price formation theory provides no warrant for drawing ethical subjectivist conclusions, it does provide an explanation as to why such conclusions might be drawn. Thus we explore how the particular history of the development of what is called ‘value theory’ might well lead one (albeit unwarrantedly) towards ethical subjectivism.
Citrus fruit flavor and aroma biosynthesis: isolation, functional characterization, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a key gene in the production of the sesquiterpene aroma compound valencene
Authors: Sharon‐Asa Liat , Shalit Moshe , Frydman Ahuva , Bar Einat , Holland Doron , Or Etti , Lavi Uri , Lewinsohn Efraim , Eyal Yoram 
Published: November 2003

SummaryCitrus fruits possess unique aromas rarely found in other fruit species. While fruit flavor is composed of complex combinations of soluble and volatile compounds, several low‐abundance sesquiterpenes, such as valencene, nootkatone, alpha‐sinensal, and beta‐sinensal, stand out in citrus as important flavor and aroma compounds. The profile of terpenoid volatiles in various citrus species and their importance as aroma compounds have been studied in detail, but much is still lacking in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and genetic regulation of their production. Here, we report on the isolation, functional expression, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a sesquiterpene synthase‐encoding gene, involved in citrus aroma formation. The recombinant enzyme encoded by Cstps1 was shown to convert farnesyl diphosphate to a single sesquiterpene product identified as valencene by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Phylogenetic analysis of plant terpene synthase genes localized Cstps1 to the group of angiosperm sesquiterpene synthases. Within this group, Cstps1 belongs to a subgroup of citrus sesquiterpene synthases. Cstps1 was found to be developmentally regulated: transcript was found to accumulate only towards fruit maturation, corresponding well with the timing of valencene accumulation in fruit. Although citrus fruits are non‐climacteric, valencene accumulation and Cstps1 expression were found to be responsive to ethylene, providing further evidence for the role of ethylene in the final stages of citrus fruit ripening. Isolation of the gene encoding valencene synthase provides a tool for an in‐depth study of the regulation of aroma compound biosynthesis in citrus and for metabolic engineering for fruit flavor characteristics.
Potentiation of evoked calcitonin gene‐related peptide release from oral mucosa: a potential basis for the pro‐inflammatory effects of nicotine
Authors: Dussor Gregory O. , Leong Anthony S. , Gracia Nicholas B. , Kilo Sonja , Price Theodore J. , Hargreaves Kenneth M. , Flores Christopher M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInflammation of the buccal mucosa, gingiva and periodontal tissues is a significant problem in users of nicotine‐containing tobacco products; however, the potential role of nicotine in the development of this inflammation is unclear. In many tissues, nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), has been shown to increase the release of the pro‐inflammatory mediator calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) thereby potentially contributing to neurogenic inflammation. The purpose of the present studies was to determine the effects of nicotine and other nAChR agonists on capsaicin‐evoked immunoreactive CGRP (iCGRP) release from rat buccal mucosa and to identify a potential cellular basis for these effects. Using a previously validated model of in vitro superfusion, we show that the nAChR agonists nicotine (EC50 557 µm), epibatidine (EC50 317 pm) and cytisine (EC50 4.83 nm) potentiated capsaicin‐evoked iCGRP release in a concentration‐dependent manner by 123, 70 and 76%, respectively. The expression and distribution patterns of the mRNA transcripts encoding the α3, α4 and α6 nAChR subunits and their colocalization with CGRP and the capsaicin receptor VR1 were examined in rat trigeminal ganglion using combined in situ hybridization and immunohistofluorescence. Of all trigeminal neurons counted, mRNA encoding the α3, α4 and α6 subunits was found, respectively, in 14.45, 9.2 and 19.21% of neurons. The cell body diameter of most neurons containing any nAChR subunit was in the 30–40 µm range with slightly fewer in the 20–30 µm range. Co‐localization of these α subunit transcripts with either CGRP or VR1 immunoreactivity ranged from approximately 5 to 7% for α4 and over 8% for α3 to 18% for α6. These data support the hypothesis that nicotinic agents, acting at nAChRs contained on primary sensory neurons, are capable of directly modulating the stimulated release of iCGRP. In the case of users of nicotine‐containing tobacco products, this modulation could contribute to inflammatory processes within the oral cavity.
Productivity, Public Capital and Convergence: A Study of the Spanish Regions
Authors: Canaleta Carlos Gil , Arzoz Pedro Pascual , Gárate Manuel Rapún 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between convergence in GDP per worker and the evolution of total factor productivity (TFP). Specifically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate TFP in the Spanish regions between 1964–91. As original contributions, public capital is included as a productive input, and different price indices are applied for each region, thus isolating any possible effect of price evolution on regional efficiency and convergence. Finally, the TFP indices are introduced into a neoclassical convergence equation. The findings show, in constrast to other studies, that convergence has taken place in TFP, though this process may have now run its course. It is also concluded that the convergence to be observed in labour productivity across the Spanish regions may be much more closely linked tocatch‐upin total factor productivity than to diminishing returns to productive factors, and that public capital has a relevant role as a production factor.
Niche Markets, Regional Diversification and the Reinvention of Western Australia's Sandalwood Industry
Authors: Tonts Matthew , Selwood John 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTDiversification and niche marketing have become very important economic strategies for many rural small businesses, farmers and communities. As part of these strategies, new opportunities often emerge for traditional products and industries. In the case of Western Australia, this has contributed to the revitalisation of the sandalwood industry. While sandalwood has been exported from Western Australia for more than 150 years, for much of the second half of the twentieth century it was of little economic significance. In recent years, however, the industry has become increasingly entrepreneurial, successfully marketing its products into niche markets in the global economy. For farmers and communities in rural areas, the revitalisation of the sandalwood industry has also provided opportunities for economic diversification and a profitable way of tackling land degradation.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF PAINTS AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS FROM THE SHIPWRECKS FOUND AT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF THE ETRUSCAN AND ROMAN HARBOUR OF PISA (ITALY)*
Authors: Colombini M. P. , Giachi G. , Modugno F. , Pallecchi P. , Ribechini E. 
Published: November 2003

This work presents the results of a diagnostic survey on the shipwrecks from the archaeological site of the ancient harbour of San Rossore (Pisa, Italy). The original waterproofing, caulking and painting materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS), energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The major constituents of the waterproofing and caulking materials detected on the planks were tricyclic abietanes showing a high degree of aromatization. These compounds are indicative of a pitch obtained from the wood of trees of the Pinaceae family. The analysis of the organic components of the paint samples revealed diterpenoid acids characteristic of Pinaceae resins together with linear long‐chain alcohols and fatty acids, highlighting the presence of beeswax. Noticeably, the characteristic odd carbon number alkanes that are normally present in beeswax were not detected. The EDX and XRD analyses showed that hematite, calcite, cerussite and kaolinite were employed as pigments to paint the ships’ hulls.
Oral health promotion among adults with diabetes in Finland
Authors: Karikoski Aija , Ilanne‐Parikka Pirjo , Murtomaa Heikki 
Published: November 2003

Abstract –Objectives: In the present community trial, changes in oral health among adults with diabetes in Finland were assessed in three differing intervention groups and in a control group. The goal of intervention was to promote periodontal health.Methods: The study population comprised of 120 adults with diabetes, who were regular patients at the Salo Regional Hospital Diabetes Clinic in Salo, Finland. All underwent periodontal examination in 1999 and 2001. The percentage of dropouts was 4%. Outcome measures were visible plaque, presence of calculus, and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) index calculated for each tooth separately. Oral‐health‐related factors were determined by a questionnaire. Intervention based on the recommended treatment interval was carried out in the following groups: diabetes nurse‐letter‐reminder group (n = 26), diabetes nurse‐reminder group (n = 31), letter‐reminder group (n = 30), and a control group (n = 28).Results: A significant decrease occurred in the visible plaque index between 1999 and 2001 in all groups, and in calculus index in the diabetes‐nurse‐reminder group and in the letter‐reminder group. During the study period, only in the control group, the CPITN index codes 3 and 4, calculated for each tooth separately, increased.Conclusion: These positive results emphasize the potential of existing health‐care actions for promoting periodontal health. With minimal recourse demands, it was possible to increase oral health behaviors and periodontal health among patients with diabetes.
Social relations as determinants of oral health among persons over the age of 80 years
Authors: Avlund Kirsten , Holm‐Pedersen Poul , Morse Douglas E. , Viitanen Matti , Winblad Bengt 
Published: November 2003

Abstract  – Objective: To analyze whether social relations during a 7‐year follow‐up influence oral health among generally healthy, community‐dwelling persons over the age of 80 years.Method: The present investigation is based on a subsample of 129 dentate community‐dwelling individuals from The Kungsholmen Elders Oral Health Study (KEOHS), which included data from interviews and oral examinations. Social relations were measured in terms of marital status, living alone, frequency of contacts, number of confidants, and satisfaction with social contacts and with the frequency of contacts. Oral health was measured in terms of coronal caries and root caries.Results: The primary findings of the adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis were that persons who lived alone or who became alone during the 7 years prior to the dental examination had greater odds of having coronal caries (odds ratio (OR): 2.4, 95% CI: 1.0–5.7) than those who continually lived with others, and that persons who were continuously dissatisfied with the frequency of their social contacts were more likely to have root caries than those who reported a sustained satisfaction with the frequency of their social contacts (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2–7.2).Conclusion: This study suggests that social relations are related to the oral health status of old‐old individuals. From a psychosocial perspective, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the background of oral health status in older adults.
Sensitivity to Ketamine, Alone or in Combination With Ethanol, Is Altered in Mice Selectively Bred for Sensitivity to Ethanol's Locomotor Effects
Authors: Meyer Paul J. , Phillips Tamara J. 
Published: November 2003

Background: Sensitivity to erthanol's locomotor activating and reinforcing effects may be influenced by some common neural mechanisms. Mice selectively bred in replicate for increased (FAST‐1 and FAST‐2) and decreased (SLOW‐1 and SLOW‐2) sensitivity to ethanol's locomotor stimulant effects are useful for investigating the neural substrates of ethanol's effects. Previous studies have suggested that differences in N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors may underlie differences in ethanol‐induced locomotion in these mice. This study examined the responses of FAST and SLOW mice to ketamine, a fast‐acting NMDA antagonist. In addition, reverse‐selected lines (r‐FAST‐1, r‐FAST‐2, r‐SLOW‐1, and r‐SLOW‐2) were tested as a means of verifying correlations detected in the forward‐selected lines. Two initial studies characterized ketamine‐induced locomotion in DBA/2J (D2) mice, an inbred strain chosen for its high sensitivity to ethanol‐induced locomotion.Methods: After a 2‐ to 3‐day period of habituation to test procedures, mice were given intraperitoneal injections of ketamine alone (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 mg/kg) or in combination with 1 or 2 g/kg ethanol. Locomotor activity was measured for 20 to 30 min in automated activity monitors.Results: When administered alone, ketamine dose‐dependently stimulated the locomotor activity of D2 mice and also reduced the amount of ethanol‐induced stimulation. Ketamine stimulated locomotion more in FAST mice than in SLOW mice. Reverse selection abolished these differences, because r‐FAST and r‐SLOW mice did not differ in their responses to ketamine. Ketamine potentiated ethanol's locomotor effects within FAST mice and potentiated ethanol's locomotor depressant effect within one replicate of SLOW mice.Conclusions: We propose that sensitivities to ethanol‐ and ketamine‐induced locomotion are genetically correlated and that the combined effects of ethanol and ketamine in FAST mice reflect a leftward shift in ethanol's biphasic dose‐response curve.
Do College Students Drink More Than They Think? Use of a Free‐Pour Paradigm to Determine How College Students Define Standard Drinks
Authors: White Aaron M. , Kraus Courtney L. , McCracken Lindsey A. , Swartzwelder H. Scott 
Published: November 2003

Rationale: Much of what is known about college drinking comes from self‐report survey data. Such surveys typically ask students to indicate how many drinks they consume within a given period of time. It is currently unclear whether college students and researchers use similar operational definitions of a single drink. This information is critical given the widespread reliance on survey data for assessing the correlates and consequences of college drinking.Objectives: This study investigated whether college students define standard drink volumes in a way that is consistent with the operational definitions commonly used by researchers.Methods: Students (n= 106) were administered an alcohol survey and then asked to perform three tasks. The tasks involved free‐pouring fluid into empty cups of different sizes and estimating the volume of a single beer, a shot of liquor, or the amount of liquor in a mixed drink. The volumes poured by students then were compared with standards used in a well‐known nationwide survey (i.e., 12 oz of beer and 1.25 oz of liquor in a shot or mixed drink).Results: In every cup size of every task, students overestimated how much fluid they should pour to create a standard drink. In all three tasks, the magnitude of the discrepancy increased with cup size. Collapsed across cup sizes, students overpoured shots by 26%, mixed drinks by 80%, and beer by 25%. When a more liberal serving size of liquor (1.5 oz) was used as the standard, the results of the mixed drink task remained unchanged. However, the volumes poured by students during the shot free‐pour task differed from the standard in only one cup size.Conclusions: The data suggest that college students drink more alcohol than indicated by their survey responses, raising questions about the validity of widely used alcohol surveys. Efforts to educate students about the alcohol content of standard drinks should be enhanced.
Silent nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zabaleta-Lanz M , Vargas-Arenas R E , Tápanes F , Daboin I , Pinto J Atahualpa , Bianco N E 
Published: November 2003

Silent lupus nephritis (SLN) was investigated in 42 renal asymptomatic patients and compared with 49 untreated patients with overt lupus nephropathy (OLN). Urinary sediment, quantitative proteinuria, creatinine clearance, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), complement, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and renal biopsies were evaluated in all of the patients. Forty-one out of the 42 (97.6%) patients had SLN according to histopathological findings. Results showed that the mean age, female=male ratio and the clinical activity index (SLEDAI) were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The prevalence of ANA, anti-ds DNA, anti-ENA autoantibodies and C4 serum levels showed no statistical differencesbetween the two groups (P > 0.05). Conversely, in the OLN group, elevated CIC and diminished CH50 and C3 serum levels were significantly different (P < 0.01). WHO class II was the predominant renal lesion in the group with SLN (P < 0.0001), whereas class IV was in the OLN patients (P < 0.0001). We conclude that, in our series, SLN was highly prevalent in renal asymptomatic patients with otherwise systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, abnormal levels of CIC, CH50 and C3 associated with WHO class II suggest a moderate but ongoing activation of immune-mediated renal injury mechanisms.