bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital management of chest injuries in severely injured patients—a systematic review and clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Waydhas Christian , Prediger Barbara , Kamp Oliver , Kleber Christian , Nohl André , Schulz-Drost Stefan , Schreyer Christof , Schwab Robert , Struck Manuel Florian , Breuing Jessica , Trentzsch Heiko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim was to review and update the existing evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the management of chest injuries in patients with multiple and/or severe injuries in the prehospital setting. This guideline topic is part of the 2022 update of the German Guideline on the Treatment of Patients with Multiple and/or Severe Injuries.

Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched to May 2021. Further literature reports were obtained from clinical experts. Randomised controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and comparative registry studies were included if they compared interventions for the detection and management of chest injuries in severely injured patients in the prehospital setting. We considered patient-relevant clinical outcomes such as mortality and diagnostic test accuracy. Risk of bias was assessed using NICE 2012 checklists. The evidence was synthesised narratively, and expert consensus was used to develop recommendations and determine their strength.

Results
Two new studies were identified, both investigating the accuracy of in-flight ultrasound in the detection of pneumothorax. Two new recommendations were developed, one recommendation was modified. One of the two new recommendations and the modified recommendation address the use of ultrasound for detecting traumatic pneumothorax. One new good (clinical) practice point (GPP) recommends the use of an appropriate vented dressing in the management of open pneumothorax. Eleven recommendations were confirmed as unchanged because no new high-level evidence was found to support a change.

Conclusion
Some evidence suggests that ultrasound should be considered to identify pneumothorax in the prehospital setting. Otherwise, the recommendations from 2016 remained unchanged.
Precise colocalization of sorghum’s major chilling tolerance locus with Tannin1 due to tight linkage drag rather than antagonistic pleiotropy
Authors: Schuh Anthony , Felderhoff Terry J. , Marla Sandeep , Morris Geoffrey P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChilling tolerance in crops can increase resilience through longer growing seasons, drought escape, and nitrogen use efficiency. In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), breeding for chilling tolerance has been stymied by coinheritance of the largest-effect chilling tolerance locus, qSbCT04.62, with the major gene underlying undesirable grain proanthocyanidins, WD40 transcriptional regulator Tannin1. To test if this coinheritance is due to antagonistic pleiotropy of Tannin1, we developed and studied near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying chilling tolerant haplotypes at qCT04.62. Whole-genome sequencing of the NILs revealed introgressions spanning part of the qCT04.62 confidence interval, including the Tannin1 gene and an ortholog of Arabidopsis cold regulator CBF/DREB1G. Segregation pattern of grain tannin in NILs confirmed the presence of wildtype Tannin1 and the reconstitution of a functional MYB-bHLH-WD40 regulatory complex. Low-temperature germination did not differ between NILs, suggesting that Tannin1 does not modulate this component of chilling tolerance. Similarly, NILs did not differ in seedling growth rate under either of two contrasting controlled environment chilling scenarios. Finally, while the chilling tolerant parent line had notably different photosynthetic responses from the susceptible parent line – including greater non-photochemical quenching before, during, and after chilling – the NIL responses match the susceptible parent. Thus, our findings suggest that tight linkage drag, not pleiotropy, underlies the precise colocalization of Tan1 with qCT04.62 and the qCT04.62 quantitative trait nucleotide lies outside the NIL introgressions. Breaking linkage at this locus should advance chilling tolerance breeding in sorghum and the identification of a novel chilling tolerance regulator.
Existence of conformal symplectic foliations on closed manifolds
Authors: Gironella Fabio , Toussaint Lauran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the existence of symplectic and conformal symplectic (codimension-1) foliations on closed manifolds of dimension $$\ge 5$$

≥
5

. Our main theorem, based on a recent result by Bertelson–Meigniez, states that in dimension at least 7 any almost contact structure is homotopic to a conformal symplectic foliation. In dimension 5 we construct explicit conformal symplectic foliations on every closed, simply-connected, almost contact manifold, as well as honest symplectic foliations on a large subset of them. Lastly, via round-connected sums, we obtain, on closed manifolds, examples of conformal symplectic foliations which admit a linear deformation to contact structures.
Subthalamic high-frequency deep brain stimulation reduces addiction-like alcohol use and the possible negative influence of a peer presence
Authors: Vignal Lucie , Vielle Cassandre , Williams Maya , Maurice Nicolas , Degoulet Mickael , Baunez Christelle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rationale
The immediate social context significantly influences alcohol consumption in humans. Recent studies have revealed that peer presence could modulate drugs use in rats. The most efficient condition to reduce cocaine intake is the presence of a stranger peer, naive to drugs. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN), which was shown to have beneficial effects on addiction to cocaine or alcohol, also modulates the protective influence of peer’s presence on cocaine use.

Objectives
This study aimed to: 1) explore how the presence of an alcohol-naive stranger peer affects recreational and escalated alcohol intake, and 2) assess the involvement of STN on alcohol use and in the modulation induced by the presence of an alcohol-naïve stranger peer.

Methods
Rats with STN DBS and control animals self-administered 10% (v/v) ethanol in presence, or absence, of an alcohol-naive stranger peer, before and after escalation of ethanol intake (observed after intermittent alcohol (20% (v/v) ethanol) access).

Results
Neither STN DBS nor the presence of an alcohol-naive stranger peer modulated significantly recreational alcohol intake. After the escalation procedure, STN DBS reduced ethanol consumption. The presence of an alcohol-naive stranger peer increased consumption only in low drinkers, which effect was suppressed by STN DBS.

Conclusions
These results highlight the influence of a peer’s presence on escalated alcohol intake, and confirm the role of STN in addiction-like alcohol intake and in the social influence on drug consumption.
Value of radiological depth of invasion in non-pT4 Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: implication for preoperative MR T-staging
Authors: Huang Wenjie , Zhang Yu , Fu Gui , Huang Manqian , Luo Guangfeng , Xie Hui , Liang Zhiying , Cao Di , Li Shuqi , Luo Chao , Li Haojiang , Gao Jiexin , Nie Rongcheng , Ruan Guangying , Li Hao , Liu Lizhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
The prognostic stratification for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is heavily based on postoperative pathological depth of invasion (pDOI). This study aims to propose a preoperative MR T-staging system based on tumor size for non-pT4 OTSCC.

Methods
Retrospectively, 280 patients with biopsy-confirmed, non-metastatic, pT1-3 OTSCC, treated between January 2010 and December 2017, were evaluated. Multiple MR sequences, including axial T2-weighted imaging (WI), unenhanced T1WI, and axial, fat-suppressed coronal, and sagittal contrast-enhanced (CE) T1WI, were utilized to measure radiological depth of invasion (rDOI), tumor thickness, and largest diameter. Intra-class correlation (ICC) and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate measurement reproducibility, and factors’ significance, respectively. Cutoff values were established using an exhaustive method.

Results
Intra-observer (ICC = 0.81–0.94) and inter-observer (ICC = 0.79–0.90) reliability were excellent for rDOI measurements, and all measurements were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (all p < .001). Measuring the rDOI on axial CE-T1WI with cutoffs of 8 mm and 12 mm yielded an optimal MR T-staging system for rT1-3 disease (5-year OS of rT1 vs rT2 vs rT3: 94.0% vs 72.8% vs 57.5%). Using multivariate analyses, the proposed T-staging exhibited increasingly worse OS (hazard ratio of rT2 and rT3 versus rT1, 3.56 [1.35–9.6], p = .011; 4.33 [1.59–11.74], p = .004; respectively), which outperformed pathological T-staging based on nonoverlapping Kaplan–Meier curves and improved C-index (0.682 vs. 0.639, p < .001).

Conclusions
rDOI is a critical predictor of OTSCC mortality and facilitates preoperative prognostic stratification, which should be considered in future oral subsite MR T-staging.

Clinical relevance statement
Utilizing axial CE-T1WI, an MR T-staging system for non-pT4 OTSCC was developed by employing rDOI measurement with optimal thresholds of 8 mm and 12 mm, which is comparable with pathological staging and merits consideration in future preoperative oral subsite planning.

Key Points
• Tumor morphology, measuring sequences, and observers could impact MR-derived measurements and compromise the consistency with histology.
• MR-derived measurements, including radiological depth of invasion (rDOI), tumor thickness, and largest diameter, have a prognostic impact on OS (all p < .001).
• rDOI with cutoffs of 8 mm and 12 mm on axial CE-T1WI is an optimal predictor of OS and could facilitate risk stratification in non-pT4 OTSCC disease.
Validation of key Arctic energy and water budget components in CMIP6
Authors: Winkelbauer Susanna , Mayer Michael , Haimberger Leopold 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe investigate historical simulations of relevant components of the Arctic energy and water budgets for 39 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models and validate them against observation-based estimates. We look at simulated seasonal cycles, long-term averages and trends of lateral transports and storage rates in atmosphere and ocean as well as vertical fluxes at top-of-atmosphere and the surface. We find large inter-model spreads and systematic biases in the representation of annual cycles and long-term averages. Surface freshwater fluxes associated with precipitation and evaporation as well as runoff from Arctic lands tend to be overestimated by most CMIP6 models and about two thirds of the analysed models feature an early timing bias of one month in the runoff cycle phase, related to an early snow melt bias and the lack of realistic river routing schemes. Further, large biases are found for oceanic volume transports, partly because data required for accurate oceanic transport computations has not been archived. Biases are also present in the simulated energy budget components. The net vertical energy flux out of the ocean at the Arctic surface as well as poleward oceanic heat transports are systematically underestimated by all models. We find strong anti-correlation between average oceanic heat transports and mean sea ice cover, atmospheric heat transports, and also the long-term ocean warming rate. The latter strongly suggests that accurate depiction of the mean state is a prerequisite for realistic projections of future warming of the Arctic. Our diagnostics also provide useful process-based metrics for model selection to constrain projections.
Cryptic exon inclusion is a molecular signature of LATE-NC in aging brains
Authors: Chung Mingee , Carter E. Kathleen , Veire Austin M. , Dammer Eric B. , Chang Jianjun , Duong Duc M. , Raj Nisha , Bassell Gary J. , Glass Jonathan D. , Gendron Tania F. , Nelson Peter T. , Levey Allan I. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , McEachin Zachary T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aggregation, mislocalization, and phosphorylation of TDP-43 are pathologic hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases and provide a defining criterion for the neuropathologic diagnosis of Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy (LATE). LATE neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC) are often comorbid with other neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC). We examined whether TDP-43 regulated cryptic exons accumulate in the hippocampus of neuropathologically confirmed LATE-NC cases. We found that several cryptic RNAs are robustly expressed in LATE-NC cases with or without comorbid ADNC and correlate with pTDP-43 abundance; however, the accumulation of cryptic RNAs is more robust in LATE-NC with comorbid ADNC. Additionally, cryptic RNAs can robustly distinguish LATE-NC from healthy controls and AD cases. These findings expand our current understanding and provide novel potential biomarkers for LATE pathogenesis.
Comparison between the open and the laparoscopic approach in the primary ventral hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martins Márcia Regina , Santos-Sousa Hugo , do Vale Miguel Alves , Bouça-Machado Raquel , Barbosa Elisabete , Sousa-Pinto Bernardo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Ventral hernia repair underwent various developments in the previous decade. Laparoscopic primary ventral hernia repair may be an alternative to open repair since it prevents large abdominal incisions. However, whether laparoscopy improves clinical outcomes has not been systematically assessed.

Objectives
The aim is to compare the clinical outcomes of the laparoscopic versus open approach of primary ventral hernias.

Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted in February 2023. All randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopy with the open approach in patients with a primary ventral hernia were included. A fixed-effects meta-analysis of risk ratios was performed for hernia recurrence, local infection, wound dehiscence, and local seroma. Meta-analysis for weighted mean differences was performed for postoperative pain, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and time until return to work.

Results
Nine studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall hernia recurrence was twice less likely to occur in laparoscopy (RR = 0.49; 95%CI = 0.32–0.74; p < 0.001; I
2 = 29%). Local infection (RR = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.19–0.49; p < 0.001; I
2 = 0%), wound dehiscence (RR = 0.08; 95%CI = 0.02–0.32; p < 0.001; I
2 = 0%), and local seroma (RR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.19–0.59; p < 0.001; I
2 = 14%) were also significantly less likely in patients undergoing laparoscopy. Severe heterogeneity was obtained when pooling data on postoperative pain, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and time until return to work.

Conclusion
The results of available studies are controversial and have a high risk of bias, small sample sizes, and no well-defined protocols. However, the laparoscopic approach seems associated with a lower frequency of hernia recurrence, local infection, wound dehiscence, and local seroma.
Exploring reciprocal causation: bidirectional mendelian randomization study of gut microbiota composition and thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhou Jiating , Zhang Xuan , Xie Zilan , Li Zhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
While an association between gut microbiota composition and thyroid cancer (TC) has been observed, the directionality and causality of this relationship remain unclear.

Methods
We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effect between gut microbiota composition and TC. Gut microbiota data were derived from a diverse population encompassing various ethnicities (n = 18,340 samples), while TC data were sourced from an European population (n = 218,792 samples). Instrumental variables, represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were employed to assess the causal relationship using multiple MR methods, including inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, and simple mode. F-statistics and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the findings.

Results
Our investigation identified a comprehensive set of 2934 instrumental variables significantly linked to gut microbiota composition (p < 1 × 10-5). The analysis illuminated notable candidates within the phylum Euryarchaeota, including families Christensenellaceae and Victivallaceae, and genera Methanobrevibacter, Ruminococcus2, and Subdoligranulum, which emerged as potential risk factors for TC. On the other hand, a protective influence against TC was attributed to class Betaproteobacteria, family FamilyXI, and genera Anaerofilum, Odoribacter, and Sutterella, alongside order Burkholderiales. Further enhancing our insights, the integration of 7 instrumental variables from TC data (p < 1 × 10-5) disclosed the regulatory potential of one family and five genera. Notably, the genus Coprobacter innocuum group (p = 0.012, OR = 0.944) exhibited the highest probability of regulation. Our meticulous analyses remained free from significant bias, heterogeneity, or horizontal pleiotropy concerns.

Conclusion
Through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, we elucidated a potential bidirectional causal relationship between gut microbiota composition and TC. Specific microbial taxa were associated with an increased risk or conferred protection against TC. These findings advance our understanding of the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and TC pathogenesis, offering new insights into the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota for managing TC.
On the Parameterized Intractability of Determinant Maximization
Authors: Ohsaka Naoto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the Determinant Maximization problem, given an $$n \times n$$

n
×
n

positive semi-definite matrix $${\textbf {A}} $$
A
in $$\mathbb {Q}^{n \times n}$$

Q

n
×
n

and an integer k, we are required to find a $$k \times k$$

k
×
k

principal submatrix of $${\textbf {A}} $$
A
having the maximum determinant. This problem is known to be -hard and further proven to be [1]-hard with respect to k by Koutis (Inf Process Lett 100:8–13, 2006); i.e., a $$f(k)n^{{{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {O}}\,}}(1)}$$

f

(
k
)

n

O

(
1
)

-time algorithm is unlikely to exist for any computable function f. However, there is still room to explore its parameterized complexity in the restricted case, in the hope of overcoming the general-case parameterized intractability. In this study, we rule out the fixed-parameter tractability of Determinant Maximization even if an input matrix is extremely sparse or low rank, or an approximate solution is acceptable. We first prove that Determinant Maximization is -hard and [1]-hard even if an input matrix is an arrowhead matrix; i.e., the underlying graph formed by nonzero entries is a star, implying that the structural sparsity is not helpful. By contrast, Determinant Maximization is known to be solvable in polynomial time on tridiagonal matrices (Al-Thani and Lee, in: LAGOS, 2021). Thereafter, we demonstrate the [1]-hardness with respect to the rankr of an input matrix. Our result is stronger than Koutis’ result in the sense that any $$k \times k$$

k
×
k

principal submatrix is singular whenever $$k > r$$

k
>
r

. We finally give evidence that it is [1]-hard to approximate Determinant Maximization parameterized by k within a factor of $$2^{-c\sqrt{k}}$$

2

-
c

k

for some universal constant $$c > 0$$

c
>
0

. Our hardness result is conditional on the Parameterized Inapproximability Hypothesis posed by Lokshtanov et al. (in: SODA, 2020), which asserts that a gap version of Binary Constraint Satisfaction Problem is [1]-hard. To complement this result, we develop an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-additive approximation algorithm that runs in $$\varepsilon ^{-r^2} \cdot r^{{{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {O}}\,}}(r^3)} \cdot n^{{{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {O}}\,}}(1)}$$

ε

-

r
2

·

r

O

(

r
3

)

·

n

O

(
1
)

time for the rank r of an input matrix, provided that the diagonal entries are bounded.
d-Amino acids differentially trigger an inflammatory environment in vitro
Authors: Yap Siew Hwei , Lee Cheng Siang , Zulkifli Nur Diyana , Suresh Darshinie , Hamase Kenji , Das Kumitaa Theva , Rajasuriar Reena , Leong Kok Hoong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudies in vivo have demonstrated that the accumulation of d-amino acids (d-AAs) is associated with age-related diseases and increased immune activation. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of these observations are not well defined. The metabolism of d-AAs by d-amino oxidase (DAO) produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species involved in several physiological processes including immune response, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Excessive levels of H2O2 contribute to oxidative stress and eventual cell death, a characteristic of age-related pathology. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms of d-serine (d-Ser) and d-alanine (d-Ala) in human liver cancer cells, HepG2, with a focus on the production of H2O2 the downstream secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine, and subsequent cell death. In HepG2 cells, we demonstrated that d-Ser decreased H2O2 production and induced concentration-dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This was associated with the upregulation of activated NF-кB, pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and chemokine, IL-8 secretion, and subsequent apoptosis. Conversely, d-Ala-treated cells induced H2O2 production, and were also accompanied by the upregulation of activated NF-кB, TNF-α, and IL-8, but did not cause significant apoptosis. The present study confirms the role of both d-Ser and d-Ala in inducing inflammatory responses, but each via unique activation pathways. This response was associated with apoptotic cell death only with d-Ser. Further research is required to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying d-AA-induced inflammation and its downstream consequences, especially in the context of aging given the wide detection of these entities in systemic circulation.
Are midwives trained to recognise perinatal depression symptoms? Results of MAMA (MAternal Mood Assessment) cross-sectional survey in Italy
Authors: Ravaldi Claudia , Mosconi Laura , Crescioli Giada , Lombardo Giulia , Russo Ilenia , Morese Angelo , Ricca Valdo , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the knowledge, clinical experience, and attitudes of Italian midwives toward perinatal depression (PND) and to explore how these factors impact the quality of care.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among 152 midwives employed in public hospitals across Italy. The questionnaire covered a range of topics, including demographic data, professional experience, knowledge of PND symptoms, risk factors, and clinical management, as well as communication skills and personal experiences with PND cases.

Results
A concerning 76.3% of midwives displayed inadequate knowledge of PND based on current scientific literature. Those with a more comprehensive understanding were notably more confident in their practice, expressing significantly fewer apprehensions about communicating with mothers (25.8% vs 74.2%) and lesser concerns about the mothers’ future well-being (38.9% vs 62.95%). The survey results also emphasised the midwives’ call for specialised guidelines and formal training in PND management and underscored the value of communication skills, continuity of care, and family engagement in supporting affected mothers.

Conclusion
This inaugural study sheds light on the current state of knowledge and attitudes among Italian midwives regarding PND. It pinpoints crucial areas for educational enhancement and practice improvement, suggesting that elevated levels of midwife expertise in PND could significantly elevate the standard of care and expedite early diagnosis and treatment.