bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved role of spike S2 domain N-glycosylation across betacoronaviruses
Authors: Yang Qi , Kelkar Anju , Manicassamy Balaji , Neelamegham Sriram 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Besides acting as an immunological shield, the N-glycans of SARS-CoV-2 are also critical for viral life cycle. As the S2 subunit of spike is highly conserved across betacoronaviruses, we determined the functional significance of the five ‘stem N-glycans’ located in S2 between N1098-N1194. Studies were performed with 31 Asn-to-Gln mutants, betacoronavirus virus-like particles and single-cycle viral replicons. Deletions of stem N-glycans enhanced S1 shedding from trimeric spike, reduced ACE2 binding and abolished syncytia formation. When three or more N-glycans were deleted, spike expression on cell surface and incorporation into virions was both reduced. Viral entry function was progressively lost upon deleting the N1098 glycan in combination with additional glycosite modifications. In addition to SARS-CoV-2, deleting stem N-glycans in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV spike also prevented viral entry into target cells. These data suggest multiple functional roles for the stem N-glycans, and evolutionarily conserved properties for these complex carbohydrates across human betacoronaviruses.
Retrieval-augmented generation for generative artificial intelligence in health care
Authors: Yang Rui , Ning Yilin , Keppo Emilia , Liu Mingxuan , Hong Chuan , Bitterman Danielle S. , Ong Jasmine Chiat Ling , Ting Daniel Shu Wei , Liu Nan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence has brought disruptive innovations in health care but faces certain challenges. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables models to generate more reliable content by leveraging the retrieval of external knowledge. In this perspective, we analyze the possible contributions that RAG could bring to health care in equity, reliability, and personalization. Additionally, we discuss the current limitations and challenges of implementing RAG in medical scenarios.
Surgical video workflow analysis via visual-language learning
Authors: Li Pengpeng , Shu Xiangbo , Feng Chun-Mei , Feng Yifei , Zuo Wangmeng , Tang Jinhui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surgical video workflow analysis has made intensive development in computer-assisted surgery by combining deep learning models, aiming to enhance surgical scene analysis and decision-making. However, previous research has primarily focused on coarse-grained analysis of surgical videos, e.g., phase recognition, instrument recognition, and triplet recognition that only considers relationships within surgical triplets. In order to provide a more comprehensive fine-grained analysis of surgical videos, this work focuses on accurately identifying triplets <instrument, verb, target> from surgical videos. Specifically, we propose a vision-language deep learning framework that incorporates intra- and inter- triplet modeling, termed I2TM, to explore the relationships among triplets and leverage the model understanding of the entire surgical process, thereby enhancing the accuracy and robustness of recognition. Besides, we also develop a new surgical triplet semantic enhancer (TSE) to establish semantic relationships, both intra- and inter-triplets, across visual and textual modalities. Extensive experimental results on surgical video benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach can capture finer semantics, achieve effective surgical video understanding and analysis, with potential for widespread medical applications.
Sparse representation for restoring images by exploiting topological structure of graph of patches
Authors: Gao Yaxian , Cai Zhaoyuan , Xie Xianghua , Deng Jingjing , Dou Zengfa , Ma Xiaoke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImage restoration poses a significant challenge, aiming to accurately recover damaged images by delving into their inherent characteristics. Various models and algorithms have been explored by researchers to address different types of image distortions, including sparse representation, grouped sparse representation, and low‐rank self‐representation. The grouped sparse representation algorithm leverages the prior knowledge of non‐local self‐similarity and imposes sparsity constraints to maintain texture information within images. To further exploit the intrinsic properties of images, this study proposes a novel low‐rank representation‐guided grouped sparse representation image restoration algorithm. This algorithm integrates self‐representation models and trace optimization techniques to effectively preserve the original image structure, thereby enhancing image restoration performance while retaining the original texture and structural information. The proposed method was evaluated on image denoising and deblocking tasks across several datasets, demonstrating promising results.
Dual‐band single‐layer substrate‐integrated waveguide filtering antennas with independently controllable bands
Authors: Gong Ke , Liu Jia , Fan Chunfeng , Hu Xuehui , Sun Jintu , Liu Yan , Chen Shuang , Liu Qing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA novel design method of dual‐band single‐layer substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering antennas with independently controllable bands is proposed in this paper. The basic two‐pole dual‐band filtering antenna is proposed by a dual‐mode rectangular SIW cavity coupled to two single‐mode SIW cavities with respective radiating slots. Single cavity multi‐mode is realised by etching dumbbell‐shaped slots and metallised vias to achieve the purpose of broadening bandwidth and miniaturisation. The dual‐mode SIW cavity acting as a common structure is fed by a coaxial feeder. The two orthogonal modes are coupled to two single‐mode cavities by coupling windows to produce two two‐pole passband filtering responses, respectively. Metallised vias in radiating SIW cavities are employed to realise good impedance matchings in radiating pass‐bands. The two filtering radiation bands can be controlled independently, which is analysed in detail. Based on the basic two‐pole dual‐band filtering antenna, three‐ and four‐pole dual‐band filtering antennas are further proposed and analysed. For demonstration, two‐, three‐ and four‐pole dual‐band filtering antennas with two centre frequencies of 10 and 11.7 GHz are designed, fabricated, and measured. The good agreement between the simulated and measured results verifies the proposed design methodology of single‐layer SIW dual‐band filtering antennas.
Endoscopic resection of early esophageal neoplasia in patients with esophageal varices: a systematic review
Authors: Frederiks Charlotte N. , Boer Laura S. , Gloudemans Bas , Alvarez Herrero Lorenza , Bergman Jacques J.G.H.M. , Pouw Roos E. , Weusten Bas L.A.M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlthough endoscopic resection (ER) is recommended as first-choice treatment for early esophageal neoplasia, patients with esophageal varices are considered a high-risk group owing to an increased risk of bleeding. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ER in this specific patient category.We searched for studies reporting on clinical outcomes of ER in the presence of esophageal varices, irrespective of study design or follow-up time. End points included the incidence of prophylactic measures to reduce the risk of variceal hemorrhage, radical and curative resection rates, and adverse events.After screening 2371 studies, 42 studies (including our own unpublished cohort) with a total of 186 patients were included in this systematic review. Endoscopic band ligation (72/186; 39%) and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (22/186; 12%) were the prophylactic measures most widely adopted to eradicate varices prior to ER. Other frequently described prophylactic measures included direct varix coagulation during ER (18/186; 10%) and the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt prior to ER (9/186; 5%). While the radical and curative resection rates were high (86% and 72%, respectively), the periprocedural and delayed bleeding risks were reported to be relatively low (6% and 3%, respectively). In all studies, no procedure-related mortality was observed.ER appeared to be a safe and effective treatment option in selected patients with concurrent early esophageal neoplasia and esophageal varices, provided that a tailored approach of adequate prophylactic measures to prevent bleeding is applied.
Rectal Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease
Authors: Zakavi Seyed S. , Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad , Mansur Arian , Habibollahi Peiman , Nezami Nariman , Camacho Juan C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe term “hemorrhoid” is commonly invoked to characterize the pathologic process of symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease instead of the normal anatomic structure. While often treated with conservative measures, rectal artery embolization offers a minimally invasive alternative for patients with persistent or severe symptoms. This technique involves blocking the blood supply to the hemorrhoids using embolic agents, reducing blood flow, and alleviating symptoms. This review explores the clinical evaluation, techniques, and outcomes associated with rectal artery embolization for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. A discussion of the pathophysiology of hemorrhoids, the anatomy of rectal arteries, and the embolization procedure is provided in detail. Additionally, the safety and efficacy of the technique, including potential complications and outcomes, are reviewed.
Percutaneous Jejunostomy
Authors: Jacobs Adam P. , Little Nancy Ann B. , Raja Junaid , Brown Stephen R. , Gunn Andrew J. , Huang Junjian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDirect percutaneous jejunostomy placement is an often underutilized procedure that can allow for supplemental enteral nutrition in a certain subset of patients, in which percutaneous gastrostomy is not technically feasible, or in patients who require post-pyloric feeding. Percutaneous jejunostomy catheter placement was first described in the 1980s; since that time there have been minimal case series on the procedural technique and outcomes. At our institution, we perform percutaneous jejunostomy placement as a planned two-stage procedure. During the initial stage, direct jejunostomy is performed under a combination of fluoroscopic and ultrasound guidance, after distending the jejunum through a nasojejunal tube. After confirming intraluminal access, at least one Cope suture anchor is deployed, and guidewire access is maintained. Subsequently, the track is serially dilated, and a 14-Fr pigtail catheter is placed into the jejunum. Approximately 4 to 6 weeks later, the patient returns for conversion of the pigtail drain into a formal jejunostomy catheter with retention balloon, under fluoroscopic guidance. Several of the prior larger studies on the technique have noted major complications to occur in 12% of patients and minor complications to occur in 9.8% of patients. While percutaneous jejunostomy placement is not a frequently performed procedure, technical success and complication rates are comparable to that of surgical jejunostomy.
Optimizing Care for Complex Biliary Patients through Team Development and Multidisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Reiland Allison , Stiff Kristine , Riaz Ahsun , Husnain Ali 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThere has been a rise in complex gallbladder and biliary procedures performed in interventional radiology (IR) at the Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH) with the introduction of new equipment and techniques. These procedures often call for thoughtful decision-making and multidisciplinary collaboration. The integration of various healthcare disciplines—including transplant surgery, hepatology, gastroenterology, IR, and nursing—is vital to cutting-edge innovations and improved patient outcomes. Due to the large volume of cases that can be seen, particularly at academic institutions, obstacles exist to management, chief among them being poor clinical follow-up. Thus, a dedicated IR hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) clinic and service line has been instated with the goal of improved clinical practice and patient management. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of multidisciplinary collaboration, discuss the rationale of a dedicated HPB service line as well as describe the structure and activities of the HPB clinic with the goal of improving the management of biliary and gallbladder patients.
The Effect of Topical Heparin Gel on Reducing Hand–Foot Syndrome Symptoms in Cancer Patients Treated with Capecitabine
Authors: Mirjalili Maede , Salehinajafabadi Yaser , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi , Masumi Rohollah 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims Hand–foot syndrome (HFS) is a distinct and relatively frequent toxic skin reaction associated with certain chemotherapy agents, particularly capecitabine. Given the complications of this syndrome and the critical importance of timely and accurate treatment, the present study aims to investigate the efficacy of topical heparin gel in alleviating HFS in cancer patients undergoing treatment with capecitabine.
Methods A total of 40 patients with grade ⩽ 1 HFS associated with capecitabine were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received heparin sulfate gel four times a day (21 days) along with capecitabine treatment, while the control group received only capecitabine and placebo gel. The changes in the severity of HFS and clinical manifestations, including erythema, swelling, blisters, hyperkeratosis, and bleeding, at baseline and 3 weeks posttreatment were evaluated. The data were subsequently validated by Fisher's or Chi-square tests.
Results At the beginning of the study, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding disease manifestations. However, after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of erythema and swelling (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in other manifestations, such as blisters, bleeding, and scaling (p = 0.99). Comparison of the degree of HFS in the intervention group showed that 11 patients experienced improvement after the intervention, while all patients in the control group remained at the same degree of syndrome as before the intervention.
Conclusion The management of HFS in cancer treatment includes a combination of prevention, patient education, symptom improvement, and dose-intensity management. According to the results, it can be said that due to the positive effect of topical heparin gel in improving HFS caused by capecitabine and due to the absence of side effects, the use of topical heparin gel is recommended.
Key Points
Central American panethnic identities and the politics of solidarity in Los Angeles
Authors: Zimmerman Arely M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pan-ethnic groups are political-cultural collectivities made up of groups from different national origins, but which are nevertheless perceived as homogeneous. The pan-ethnic label Central American is often used to identify peoples from the isthmus despite their deep ethnic, racial, linguistic, regional, national, and cultural differences. This article examines the social construction of pan-ethnicity among Central Americans as they campaign for Little Central America, a renaming project in the heart of Los Angeles. I draw on twenty-one interviews with longtime community leaders, and participant observation with prominent Central American coalitions, to examine how they construct pan-ethnic group boundaries while negotiating group differences. Despite their vast differences, leaders draw on histories of resistance and political struggle, transnationalism, and shared experiences of invisibility and marginalization within dominant constructions of US Latinidad to call for pan-ethnic unity, while negotiating differences in gender and political ideologies, as well as racial differences. By examining these negotiations within the context of the Little Central America campaign, I show how community leaders manage the construction of group boundaries to mobilize claims for representation.
Israeli foreign policy towards Turkey since 2011: from adverse asymmetry to equivalence?
Authors: Aran Amnon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Turkey was the first Muslim-majority country to recognise Israel de facto in 1949. Since then, Israeli foreign policy towards Turkey has generated stimulating academic debate, converging around the assumption that Israeli foreign policy towards Turkey is defined by an adverse asymmetry (Bengio in The Turkish–Israeli relationship: Changing ties of Middle Eastern outsiders, 2004 and in Insight Turkey 11(2):43–55, 2009; Inbar in Israel Affairs 11(4):591–607, 2005) that favours Turkey. Israel, it has been argued, has always been in the position of courting Turkey, the senior partner in the relationship. This article challenges this contention. It proposes a new analytical framework that encompasses foreign policy friction, discord and alignment and an integrative approach to examine the strategic, economic, military and energy aspects of Israeli foreign policy towards Turkey. The within-case study methodology employed shows that the confluence among the policies pursued by Israel since 2011—amid regional trends and a shift from a unipolar to a multipolar global order—has prompted a shift in Israeli foreign policy from an adverse asymmetry to an equivalence-based engagement with Turkey.
Untapping the potential of Indigenous water jurisdiction: perspectives from Whanganui and Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Macpherson Elizabeth , Turoa Hayden 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Indigenous peoples have maintained sustainable, longstanding relationships with water and have valuable knowledge to contribute to water management. Still, legal and policy frameworks routinely include only tokenistic acknowledgements of Indigenous water ‘values’, while ongoing injustices related to the allocation and governance of water resources remain unresolved. Those concerned about the recognition of Indigenous water rights and relationships often point to the case of Aotearoa New Zealand, and specifically the Treaty of Waitangi settlement legislation recognising the Whanganui River as a ‘legal person’, as a replicable model for improved water governance and Indigenous water rights. In this article we use a sociolegal method to draw out globally relevant lessons from the groundbreaking Whanganui River model about the potential for Western or settler-state law to support and uphold Indigenous rights and relationships in water. Our analysis confirms that enabling Indigenous water jurisdiction could hold the key to more sustainable and equitable futures, but it requires a long-term commitment from states and local communities to relationship brokering, power sharing, and trust building with Indigenous peoples.
Experimental studies of the low-field nonlinear susceptibility of YBCO epitaxial films loaded by transport current
Authors: Khokhlov V. A. , Drobot’ko V. F. 
Published: January 2025

Preliminary results of experimental investigations of the temperature dependences of the susceptibility components χ′(T) and χ″(T) and the modulus ∣χ3∣ of its third harmonic are reported for a YBCO coarse-grain epitaxial film loaded by a direct transport current. The film contains weak bonds in grains (small-angle bonds) as well as between the grains (large-angle bonds). Transport current leads to a shift in the onset of a diamagnetic response towards lower temperatures, to an increase in the steepness of the high-temperature front of the χ′(T) and χ″(T) curves, and to an increase in the maximum values of χm″(T) and χ3 and |χ3|. The derivative dχm″/dItr is smaller that d∣χ3∣/dItr by approximately a factor of 2.5. Possible reasons behind the observed effect are considered.
Preface
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. 
Published: January 2025

This issue (as well as issues 6 and 11 of the current volume) contains papers selected and reviewed by the Program Committee of the International Conference on Physical Aspects of Superconductivity held in Kharkov (Ukraine) on September 25–28, 1995. The conference was organized to sum up the results obtained under the long-term grants program (1994–5) in one of the branches of the section “Physics-II” of the G. Soros International Science Foundation.
The conference covered the following aspects of superconductor physics: mechanisms of superconductivity and electronic structure of superconductors;acoustic, mechanical, and thermal properties of superconductors;crystallographic and structural properties of superconductors;vortices and magnetic-flux dynamics in superconductors;transport and tunneling properties of superconductors;high-frequency and optical properties of superconductors;magnetic structure of superconductors.
Adamot
Authors: Shelleg Assaf 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 launches an extended discussion on the key variables of Hebrew culture (or Hebrewism) and the way their functions and synergy had gradually dissolved. Titled adamot, this chapter shows how compositions that gave voice to different and incongruent lands (adamot) signaled the afterness of Hebrew culture, which has steadily become a non-reference in composers’ works. The ecosystem breeding such formulations was the Tel Aviv University Music Academy. Its composition faculty included older composers like Abel Ehrlich and Mordecai Seter, who had grown painfully disillusioned with Zionism, yet it took the arrival of Leon Schidlowsky, who immigrated from Chile in 1969, after having gained firsthand experience with post–World War II avant-garde, to produce new actors in this space. Discussing Schidlowsky’s music in Chile and Israel alongside the early works of young composers at the Tel Aviv University Music Academy—Betty Olivero, Ron Weidberg, Dan Yuhas, and Arik Shapira—Chapter 1 displays the manners by which they grappled with the separation of Jewish ethnography from art and Western aesthetic criteria. Whereas Schidlowsky’s minority consciousness never ceased to steer his writing, his Israeli students were distrustful of the nationalization of religion while they nevertheless abided by the separation of art from ethnography. In the early 1980s Betty Olivero undid this separation during her graduate studies in the United States (with Jacob Druckman and Luciano Berio), drawing on Judeo-Spanish songs, while Arik Shapira’s violent oppositionality to Hebrew culture at the same time was caught in an indoctrinating ideological apparatus he could only disrupt from within.