bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome among Moroccan Sahraoui adult Women
Authors: Rguibi Mohamed , Belahsen Rekia 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFactors related to metabolic syndrome were investigated in a sample of 249 Moroccan Sahraoui women, ages 15 years and older. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure were measured. The results indicate that central obesity was the most common comorbid factor (75%) followed by hypertension (28.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (22.4%), hyperglycemia (11.9%), and hypercholesterolemia (11.6%). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 16.3%, and it was more prevalent in obese, older, married, and women without education than nonobese, younger, single, and educated women. Also, the prevalence of all metabolic syndrome components decreased with physical activity. The results suggest that prevention of obesity, particularly central obesity, could be the most direct route to prevention of this syndrome and its complications. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:598–601, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of bipolar and tetrapolar impedance techniques for assessing fat mass
Authors: Dittmar Manuela 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWhole body fat mass (BF) can be predicted by different bioimpedance (BIA) techniques measuring the whole body (tetrapolar hand‐to‐foot technique, HF), lower body (bipolar foot‐to‐foot technique, FF), or upper body (bipolar hand‐to‐hand technique, HH). This study analyzed 146 healthy volunteers (age 18–84 years) for whether these three techniques differ in their estimates of BF, and whether sex and age of the subjects influence estimates of BF. Reproducibility of the techniques was tested by calculating the technical error (TE). Effects of BIA technique, sex, and age on predicted BF were analyzed with ANOVA for repeated measurements in a mixed effect design. Results showed high reproducibility for the three BIA techniques (TE = 0.01–0.03 kg). ANOVA indicated interactions between BIA technique and sex (P = 0.035), BIA technique and age (P < 0.001), as well as effects of sex (P = 0.004) and age (P = 0.001) on variation in BF. The HH technique gave the highest values for BF in males, but lowest values in females, whereas the reverse was found for the FF technique. The HH technique yielded the lowest values for BF in young adults, but highest values in older ones. The reverse was noted for the FF technique. The data suggest that the observed differences in the three BIA techniques in predicting BF reflect sex differences and age‐associated changes in body fat patterning. Therefore, the whole body impedance method is preferred over the HH and FF techniques due to the interactions with sex and age. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:593–597, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in Aegyptopithecus and early Miocene African catarrhines
Authors: Rossie James B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNeontological comparisons suggest that paranasal sinus anatomy is diagnostic of several catarrhine clades such as Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea, Homininae, and Ponginae. However, while the loss of sinuses in cercopithecoids is generally recognized as a derived condition, determining the polarity of character‐state changes within noncercopithecoid catarrhines requires knowledge of the primitive catarrhine condition. To address this problem, the paranasal sinus anatomy of Aegyptopithecus and several early Miocene catarrhines was investigated. Two partial facial skeletons of Aegyptopithecus were subjected to computed tomography in order to reveal their internal anatomy. These data were compared with facial and palatal specimens of Proconsul, Limnopithecus, Dendropithecus, Rangwapithecus, and Kalepithecus in the National Museums of Kenya in Nairobi, and to wet and dry specimens of living taxa. Results confirm that cercopithecoid paranasal anatomy is derived, and reveal that the sinus anatomy of stem catarrhines included a hominoid‐like maxillary sinus as well as an ethmofrontal system like that of hominines. Accordingly, these two features do not constitute evidence for the hominoid, hominid, or hominine status of any fossil species. Conversely, the absence of the ethmofrontal sinus system in Sivapithecus and Pongo is synapomorphic. In addition, features of the nasal cavity of Limnopithecus and Kalepithecus support previous suggestions that these taxa are stem catarrhines rather than hominoids. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of scientific Web publications: Preliminary data gathering and analysis
Authors: Jepsen Erik Thorlund , Seiden Piet , Ingwersen Peter , Björneborn Lennart , Borlund Pia 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBecause of the increasing presence of scientific publications on the Web, combined with the existing difficulties in easily verifying and retrieving these publications, research on techniques and methods for retrieval of scientific Web publications is called for. In this article, we report on the initial steps taken toward the construction of a test collection of scientific Web publications within the subject domain of plant biology. The steps reported are those of data gathering and data analysis aiming at identifying characteristics of scientific Web publications. The data used in this article were generated based on specifically selected domain topics that are searched for in three publicly accessible search engines (Google, AllTheWeb, and AltaVista). A sample of the retrieved hits was analyzed with regard to how various publication attributes correlated with the scientific quality of the content and whether this information could be employed to harvest, filter, and rank Web publications. The attributes analyzed were inlinks, outlinks, bibliographic references, file format, language, search engine overlap, structural position (according to site structure), and the occurrence of various types of metadata. As could be expected, the ranked output differs between the three search engines. Apparently, this is caused by differences in ranking algorithms rather than the databases themselves. In fact, because scientific Web content in this subject domain receives few inlinks, both AltaVista and AllTheWeb retrieved a higher degree of accessible scientific content than Google. Because of the search engine cutoffs of accessible URLs, the feasibility of using search engine output for Web content analysis is also discussed.
Lexical and semantic clustering by Web links
Authors: Menczer Filippo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRecent Web‐searching and ‐mining tools are combining text and link analysis to improve ranking and crawling algorithms. The central assumption behind such approaches is that there is a correlation between the graph structure of the Web and the text and meaning of pages. Here I formalize and empirically evaluate two general conjectures drawing connections from link information to lexical and semantic Web content. The link‐content conjecture states that a page is similar to the pages that link to it, and the link‐cluster conjecture that pages about the same topic are clustered together. These conjectures are often simply assumed to hold, and Web search tools are built on such assumptions. The present quantitative confirmation sheds light on the connection between the success of the latest Web‐mining techniques and the small world topology of the Web, with encouraging implications for the design of better crawling algorithms.
Trend detection through temporal link analysis
Authors: Amitay Einat , Carmel David , Herscovici Michael , Lempel Ronny , Soffer Aya 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAlthough time has been recognized as an important dimension in the co‐citation literature, to date it has not been incorporated into the analogous process of link analysis on the Web. In this paper, we discuss several aspects and uses of the time dimension in the context of Web information retrieval. We describe the ideal case—where search engines track and store temporal data for each of the pages in their repository, assigning timestamps to the hyperlinks embedded within the pages. We introduce several applications which benefit from the availability of such timestamps. To demonstrate our claims, we use a somewhat simplistic approach, which dates links by approximating the age of the page's content. We show that by using this crude measure alone it is possible to detect and expose significant events and trends. We predict that by using more robust methods for tracking modifications in the content of pages, search engines will be able to provide results that are more timely and better reflect current real‐life trends than those they provide today.
XRCC1 and glutathione‐S‐transferase gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to radiotherapy‐related malignancies in survivors of Hodgkin disease
Authors: Mertens Ann C. , Mitby Pauline A. , Radloff Gretchen , Jones Irene M. , Perentesis John , Kiffmeyer William R. , Neglia Joseph P. , Meadows Anna , Potter John D. , Friedman Debra , Yasui Yutaka , Robison Leslie L. , Davies Stella M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the most serious late effects of treatment for childhood cancer is the occurrence of subsequent malignancy. Survivors of Hodgkin disease (HD), in particular, have been shown to be at high risk of subsequent malignancy, the occurrence of which has been associated strongly with exposure to radiotherapy.METHODSIn the current study, the authors investigated the association between polymorphisms in 3 genes—glutathione‐S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione‐S‐transferase T1 (GSTT1), and XRCC1, with roles in protection from a variety of DNA‐damaging agents—and the risk of subsequent malignancy in 650 survivors of HD enrolled in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who had received radiotherapy.RESULTSIndividuals lacking GSTM1 but not GSTT1 were at increased risk of any subsequent malignancy (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–2.3), and for subsequent cancer within the radiation field (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9–2.1). A nonsignificant increased risk of thyroid carcinoma was observed in individuals lacking either GSTM1 (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 0.8–10.9) or GSTT1 (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 0.6–23.5). Individuals having the genotype of the arginine/glutamine polymorphism at codon 399 in the XRCC1 gene (R399) showed a nonsignificant increased risk of breast carcinoma compared with those without (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7–2.7), and a nonsignificant decreased risk against a subsequent thyroid carcinoma (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2–1.6). No differences in genotype frequencies were observed between survivors with basal cell carcinoma when compared with survivors without a subsequent cancer.CONCLUSIONSThese data illustrated the potential value of incorporating the collection of genomic DNA in longitudinal cohort studies of populations with well defined, potentially carcinogenic exposures. Evaluation of additional genetic polymorphisms in this cohort may help define genes that influence individual sensitivity to radiotherapy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Bladder neck invasion is an independent predictor of prostate‐specific antigen recurrence
Authors: Poulos Christopher K. , Koch Michael O. , Eble John N. , Daggy Joanne K. , Cheng Liang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe 1997 TNM staging system for prostatic carcinoma and the 2002 revision thereof classified prostatic carcinoma with bladder neck involvement classified as pT4 disease. This classification is based on the belief that tumors that invade surrounding structures are more aggressive and warrant higher staging than tumors that do not invade surrounding structures. Recent reports in the literature suggested that microscopic involvement of the bladder neck does not carry independent prognostic significance. Therefore, resection specimens with bladder neck involvement should not be classified as pT4. The current study prospectively examined the prognostic significance of bladder neck involvement by prostatic carcinoma.METHODSThe authors analyzed the totally embedded and whole‐mounted radical prostatectomy specimens from 364 consecutive patients. The mean patient age was 66 years (range, 41–77 years). The bladder neck, which had been coned from the specimen, was cut in a perpendicular fashion. Involvement of the bladder neck was defined as the presence of neoplastic cells within the smooth muscle bundles of the coned bladder neck. The data were prospectively collected. Bladder neck involvement was analyzed in relation to age, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate weight, Gleason score, final pathologic classification, tumor volume, surgical margin status, the presence of high‐grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasm, multifocality, seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension, perineural invasion, and PSA recurrence.RESULTSBladder neck involvement was found in 22 (6%) of 364 patients. Univariate results indicated that bladder neck involvement versus no bladder neck involvement was significantly associated with preoperative PSA (P < 0.001), higher pathologic classification (P < 0.001), larger tumor volume (P< 0.001), extraprostatic extension (P < 0.001), positive surgical margins (P < 0.001), and PSA recurrence (P = 0.003). In a multivariate logistic regression model controlling for pathologic classification, Gleason score, and surgical margin status, bladder neck involvement was an independent predictor of PSA recurrence (P = 0.04). The adjusted odds ratio for bladder neck involvement was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.04–10.03).CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, bladder neck involvement was an independent predictor of early PSA recurrence. The data demonstrated the importance of continued assessment of bladder neck invasion and supported the placement of tumors with bladder neck involvement in a stage that recognizes the prognostic implications of such involvement. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Cranial nerve deficits in patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma
Authors: McDermott Raymond S. , Anderson Penny R. , Greenberg Richard E. , Milestone Barton N. , Hudes Gary R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDCranial nerve lesions due to metastases from prostate carcinoma to the skull base are an uncommon yet clinically significant finding.METHODSThe authors report the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes for 15 patients who presented with cranial nerve palsies complicating metastatic prostate carcinoma. Patient charts identified from a Fox Chase Cancer Center treatment data base were reviewed.RESULTSAll patients had hormone‐refractory disease at the time of symptom onset. Twelve of 15 patients had received prior chemotherapy, and 13 of 15 patients had received prior radiation therapy to areas of bony pain. Symptoms varied from recognized clinical syndromes involving multiple cranial nerves to isolated cranial nerve lesions. All patients had lesions at the skull base that were visualized on computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance images. All patients were treated with palliative radiation therapy to either the whole brain or the skull base. Fourteen of 15 patients had a clinical (either partial or complete) response to radiation therapy. All responding patients subsequently died of prostate carcinoma without worsening of residual or development of new cranial nerve symptoms. Ten of 15 patients (67%) died within 3 months of developing symptoms, and the remaining 5 patients lived between 9 months and 31 months from onset of symptoms.CONCLUSIONSThe authors concluded that palliative radiation therapy should be considered in this heterogeneous group of patients given the potential for significant symptom improvement. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Cystic adrenal neoplasms
Authors: Erickson Lori A. , Lloyd Ricardo V. , Hartman Robert , Thompson Geoffrey 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDCystic lesions of the adrenal gland are uncommon and demonstrate a spectrum of histologic changes and may vary from pseudocysts to malignant cystic neoplasms.METHODSThe authors analyzed a series of primary cystic lesions of the adrenal gland to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and histologic spectrum and to determine features that are helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant cystic adrenal tumors.RESULTSA total of 41 cases of macroscopically cystic lesions among patients who underwent surgery at the Mayo Clinic were identified over a 25‐year period. Of these 41 cases, 32 were pseudocysts, 8 were endothelial cysts, and 1 was an epithelial cyst. Of the 32 pseudocysts, 6 were associated with adrenal neoplasms, including 2 adrenal cortical carcinomas, 2 adrenal cortical adenomas, and 2 pheochromocytomas. One pheochromocytoma case was identified in association with an endothelial cyst. Both patients with cystic adrenal cortical carcinomas died of disease.CONCLUSIONSAdrenal neoplasms, including adrenal cortical carcinomas, may be associated with benign‐appearing cysts. Extensive pathologic sampling of resected tissues is important to rule out malignancy in patients with cystic adrenal lesions. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in IL‐10‐deficient mice
Authors: Elliott David E. , Setiawan Tommy , Metwali Ahmed , Blum Arthur , Urban Joseph F. , Weinstock Joel V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is prevalent in industrialized countries, but rare in less‐developed countries. Helminths, common in less‐developed countries, may induce immunoregulatory circuits protective against IBD. IL‐10–/– mice given piroxicam develop severe and persistent colitis. Lamina propria mononuclear cells from colitic IL‐10–/– mice released IFN‐γ and IL‐12. The ongoing piroxicam‐induced colitis could be partially blocked with anti‐IL‐12 monoclonal antibody suggesting that the inflammation was at least partly IL‐12 dependent. Colonization of piroxicam‐treated colitic IL‐10–/– mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (an intestinal helminth) suppressed established inflammation and inhibited mucosal IL‐12 and IFN‐γ production. H. polygyrus augmented mucosal IL‐13, but not IL‐4 or IL‐5 production. Transfer of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cells from IL‐10–/– animals harboring H. polygyrus into colitic IL‐10–/– recipients inhibited colitis. MLN T cells from worm‐free mice did not. Foxp3 (scurfin) drives regulatory T cell function. H. polygyrus enhanced Foxp3 mRNA expression in MLN T cells that had regulatory activity. This suggests that H. polygyrus inhibits ongoing IL‐10–/– colitis in part through blocking mucosal Th1 cytokine production. Resolution of inflammation is associated with increased IL‐13 production and can be adoptively transferred by MLN T cells.
Oxidation of CH3NH2 and (CH3)2NH by NiIII(cyclam)(H2O)23+ in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Shamir Dror , Zilbermann Israel , Maimon Eric , Meyerstein Dan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNiII(1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane)2+, NiIIL2+, is a good electrocatalyst for the oxidation of CH3NH2 and (CH3)2NH but not of (CH3)3N. The oxidation kinetics of the amines by NiIIIL(H2O)23+ indicate that the amines are good axial ligands to the tervalent nickel complex. The complexes NiIIIL[N(CH3)iH3−i](H2O)3+ are stronger oxidants than the complexes NiIIIL[N(CH3)iH3−i]23+. The oxidation is base‐catalyzed and obeys a second‐order rate law in NiIIILX2. It is proposed that the key step is NiIII−L(H2O)[N(CH3)iH2−i]2+ + NiIIILX2 → LNiII−N(=CH2)(CH3)i−1H2−i + NiIIL2+ + H3O+ + 2 X. Naturally, N(CH3)3 is not oxidized by this mechanism. Of special interest is the observation that the axial ligands CH3NH2 and (CH3)2NH are oxidized by the central cation, while the cyclam ligand, which has four secondary amine groups bound to the nickel(III) ion, and axially bound pendant primary amine groups, which are covalently linked to the macrocyclic ligand, are relatively stable. This difference in the behavior of axially bound amine groups is attributed to the free rotation of the axially bound N(CH3)iH3−i ligands that is required for the oxidation to proceed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
From Discrete to Extended Guests: A Novel Supramolecular [Hg6As4](AgCl3)2 Assembly Featuring One‐Dimensional (AgCl3)2− Anions
Authors: Oleneva Olga S. , Olenev Andrei V. , Dikarev Evgeny V. , Shevelkov Andrei V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA novel supramolecular assembly [Hg6As4](AgCl3)2 has been prepared and its structure determined. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group I2/a (no. 15), with the unit‐cell dimensions a = 14.690(1), b = 9.1851(7), c = 20.285(1) Å, β = 93.17(1)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure comprises a three‐dimensional cationic host framework, [Hg6As4]4+, built of mercury and arsenic atoms and one‐dimensional ∞1(AgCl3)2− guest anions built of corner‐sharing [AgCl4] tetrahedra. The title compound is the first example of a perfectly ordered supramolecular architecture having an infinite chain anion as a guest moiety embedded into a mercury−pnicogen cationic framework. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis, X‐ray Structural Analysis and Spectroscopic Investigations (IR and 31P MAS NMR) of Mixed Barium/Strontium Fluoroapatites
Authors: Aissa Abdallah , Badraoui Béchir , Thouvenot René , Debbabi Mongi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractContinuous solid solutions of barium/strontium fluoroapatites Ba(10−x)Srx(PO4)6F2 (Ba(10−x)SrxFAp; 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 10) were obtained in an aqueous medium. They were investigated by Rietveld structure‐refinement methods using powder X‐ray diffraction patterns and by chemical analysis, IR spectroscopy and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. Replacement of barium by strontium induces a regular decrease of the lattice constants a and c according to Vegard’s law. The results of the powder‐fitting structure refinements indicate a clear preference of strontium for the S(1) site of the apatitic structure. A high‐wavenumber shift of the IR absorption bands characteristic of PO4 internal modes is also observed, in agreement with the diminution of the ionic character of the M−O bonds. For increasing strontium content, a regular δiso increase is shown in the 31P MAS NMR spectra, from δ = 0.91 ppm for Ba10FAp to δ = 3.06 ppm for Sr10FAp. For all mixed Ba/Sr fluoroapatites, the low intensities of the spinning bands reflect the weak 31P chemical‐shift anisotropy, in agreement with the low distortion of the PO4 tetrahedron, as shown by Rietveld refinement. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Asymmetry in the link between the yield spread and industrial production: threshold effects and forecasting
Authors: Paya Ivan , Venetis Ioannis A. , Peel David A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe analyse the nonlinear behaviour of the information content in the spread for future real economic activity. The spread linearly predicts one‐year‐ahead real growth in nine industrial production sectors of the USA and four of the UK over the last 40 years. However, recent investigations on the spread–real activity relation have questioned both its linear nature and its time‐invariant framework. Our in‐sample empirical evidence suggests that the spread–real activity relationship exhibits asymmetries that allow for different predictive power of the spread when past spread values were above or below some threshold value. We then measure the out‐of‐sample forecast performance of the nonlinear model using predictive accuracy tests. The results show that significant improvement in forecasting accuracy, at least for one‐step‐ahead forecasts, can be obtained over the linear model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.