bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative administration of chlormadinone acetate reduces blood loss associated with transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Ukimura Osamu , Kawauchi Akihiro , Kanazawa Motohiro , Miyashita Hiroaki , Yoneda Kimihiko , Kojima Munekado , Nakanouchi Tsuneyuki , Miki Tsuneharu ,   for the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Study Group of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVESTo assess the effects of giving chlormadinone acetate (CMA) before surgery on blood loss associated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), in a prospective randomized controlled study.PATIENTS AND METHODSCandidates for TURP among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized to either treatment with CMA (CMA+) or not (CMA−). In principle, CMA was started at least 28 days before TURP and continued until just before surgery.RESULTSIn all, 33 patients in the CMA+ (median duration of treatment 34.5 days) and 38 in the CMA− group were evaluable. The mean blood loss during TURP was less in the CMA+ (237.3 mL) than in the CMA− group (263.1 mL), but the difference was not significant. There was significantly less blood loss per gram of resected prostate tissue in the CMA+ (9.6 mL/g) than in the CMA− group (13.3 mL/g) (P < 0.05). Haematuria on the day of and the day after TURP was also significantly less severe in the CMA+ than in the CMA− group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The mean microvessel density of resected prostate tissue was significantly less after CMA treatment (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSCMA given for 1 month before TURP could reduce blood loss to some extent during and after TURP, and this may be related to a decrease in microvessel density.
Expression of Ki‐67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Berdjis Navid , Meye Axel , Nippgen Johannes , Dittert Dag , Hakenberg Oliver , Baretton Gustavo B. , Wirth Manfred P. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate the Ki‐67 labelling index (LI) as a prognostic factor for the outcome of penile carcinoma, as in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx the expression of this marker correlates with histological features indicative of prognosis.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively analysed the records of 44 patients in whom primary SCC of the penis was treated with amputation and bilateral lymphadenectomy (pT1, in 24, pT2 in 20, pN+ in 10; G1 in 12, G2 in 28 and G3 in four). During a mean follow‐up of 35.6 months, four patients had disease progression. Tumour tissue was stained immunohistochemically using the streptavidin‐biotin method. The mean Ki‐67 LI was defined as the percentage of total tumour cells that were Ki‐67‐positive. The results were compared with pathological tumour stage, grade, nodal status and clinical disease progression.RESULTSThe mean (range) Ki‐67 LI was 40.5 (6.4–93.0)%; a high mean Ki‐67 LI was significantly inversely correlated with tumour differentiation (P < 0.005) and there was a tendency for a high Ki‐67 LI to be associated with advanced local tumour stage, nodal metastasis and clinical disease progression, but these correlations were not statistically significant (P = 0.07, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe Ki‐67 LI is correlated with tumour grade in penile cancer, and may indicate a greater risk of nodal metastasis.
In vivo and in vitro response of corpus cavernosum to phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition in the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit
Authors: Firoozi Farzeen , Longhurst Penelope A. , White Mark D. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hypercholesterolaemia (HC) on rabbit corpus cavernosa in vivo and in vitro, and evaluate the efficacy of vardenafil and sildenafil in normal and HC rabbits, as the phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE‐5) inhibitors vardenafil and sildenafil are widely used for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) and most organic causes of ED are associated with vascular risk factors like HC.MATERIALS AND METHODSMale New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups; 11 HC rabbits were fed a 2% cholesterol diet, and 12 age‐matched control rabbits received a regular diet. After 12–14 weeks, erectile responses to intravenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and PDE‐5 inhibitors were evaluated for 2 h in conscious rabbits. Penile length was measured and the area under the curve calculated. Relaxant responses of corpus cavernosal strips to electrical‐field stimulation (EFS) were measured before and after exposure to PDE‐5 inhibitors and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N′‐nitro‐ l‐arginine methyl ester.RESULTSHC rabbits had a lower erectile response to SNP than controls; in both control and HC rabbits there was a greater erectile response after simultaneous exposure to SNP and vardenafil, or SNP and sildenafil. However, the responses of the HC rabbits were still significantly less than those of the controls. Corpora from control rabbits responded to EFS with greater relaxations at all frequencies, except 1 Hz. Corpora from both HC and control rabbits had greater responses to EFS after exposure to vardenafil and sildenafil; N′‐nitro‐ l‐arginine methyl ester diminished the response to EFS.CONCLUSIONSThere was a significantly lower in vivo and in vitro erectile response in HC rabbits than in controls; erectile function measured in conscious rabbits can be used to assess quantitatively the efficacy of different agents, e.g. sildenafil and vardenafil, in pathological animals. In addition, both agents improve in vitro responses of erectile tissue from HC rabbits to EFS.
Vascular Endothelium Has a Local Anti-Adenovirus Vector System and Glucocorticoid Optimizes Its Gene Transduction
Authors: Murata Takahisa , Hori Masatoshi , Lee Sheng , Nakamura Akio , Kohama Kazuhiro , Karaki Hideaki , Ozaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2005

Objective—Although adenovirus is a powerful tool for vascular research and therapy, endothelial impairment after infection has been reported. We investigated the mechanisms of this impairment and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on gene transfer into the vascular endothelial cells.Methods and Results—β-Galactosidase gene encoding adenovirus vector (β-gal-Ad) (7.5×108plaque-forming units/mL) transduced β-gal into the rabbit organ–cultured pulmonary endothelium, followed by an apoptosis and an impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). Endothelial cell infected by β-gal-Ad expressed proinflammatory genes mRNAs and suppressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA. Treatment with DEX dramatically increased β-gal protein expression in the endothelium, attenuated β-gal-Ad–induced apoptosis, and prevented the impairment of EDR. DEX also suppressed the mRNAs expressions of proinflammatory genes and recovered eNOS mRNA expression in organ-cultured vascular endothelium. In addition, we confirmed the DEX’s beneficial effects in an endothelial cell line (in vitro) and rat femoral artery (in vivo) experiments.Conclusion—These results suggest that adenovirus vector induces host-immune responses and apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. DEX is found to be a useful and potent tool to prevent the Ad-induced impairments of the endothelium and to optimize gene expression efficiency by adenovirus vector at the protein translation level in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Impact of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection on Outcome in Children and Adolescents With Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Claviez Alexander , Tiemann Markus , Lüders Heike , Krams Matthias , Parwaresch Reza , Schellong Günther , Dörffel Wolfgang 
Published: June 2005

Purpose The prognostic significance of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is debated controversially. Especially in the pediatric age group, no conclusive data are available. Patients and Methods Eight hundred forty-two children and adolescents (median age, 13.7 years) from pediatric multicenter treatment studies HD-90 and HD-95 were studied for latent EBV infection in Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells by immunostaining against latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1). Results were compared with established risk factors. Results Two hundred sixty-three patients (31%) were LMP positive. EBV infection correlated with sex (39% male v 23% female; P < .001), histologic subtype (69% mixed cellularity v 22% nodular sclerosis v 6% lymphocyte predominance; P < .001) and young age. With a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 820 patients (97%) are alive. Probability of overall survival at 10 years (± standard deviation) for EBV-negative and -positive patients was 98.1% ± 0.6% and 95.1% ± 1.4%, respectively (P = .017 by log-rank test). A negative effect of EBV infection became evident for patients with nodular sclerosis subtype Bennett II (P = .02), and those treated for advanced stages (P = .003). In multivariate analysis, LMP positivity was an independent factor for adverse outcome (RR = 3.08). Probability of failure-free survival (FFS) in LMP positive and negative patients was 89.1% ± 2.3% and 84.1% ± 3.9%, respectively (P = .86). Conclusion With effective combined treatment modalities in pediatric HL, latent EBV infection has no influence on FFS but is associated with an inferior overall survival in crucial subgroups.
Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer During Pregnancy: An 18-Year Experience From Five London Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Ring Alistair E. , Smith Ian E. , Jones Alison , Shannon Catherine , Galani Eleni , Ellis Paul A. 
Published: June 2005

Purpose The rare association between breast cancer and pregnancy means that few oncologists gain an expertise in this area. In particular, there are few published data concerning the use of chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy. In this retrospective case series, we describe the experiences of five hospitals in London, United Kingdom, and how they manage this condition. Patients and Methods Retrospective searches were performed at five London hospitals in order to identify women who received chemotherapy for breast cancer while pregnant. Results Twenty-eight women were identified who had received chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy. Twenty-four women received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer, and four women received palliative chemotherapy for metastatic disease. A total of 116 cycles of chemotherapy were administered during pregnancy. Sixteen women were treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy and 12 received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. All but one of the women were treated after the first trimester. One spontaneous abortion occurred in the woman treated during her first trimester; otherwise, there were no serious adverse consequences for the mothers or neonates. Conclusion These data provide evidence that in terms of peripartum complications and immediate fetal outcome, chemotherapy can be safely administered to women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Trials of Adjuvant Epirubicin for Early Breast Cancer: Correlation With Doses of Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Praga Claudio , Bergh Jonas , Bliss Judith , Bonneterre Jacques , Cesana Bruno , Coombes R. Charles , Fargeot Pierre , Folin Annika , Fumoleau Pierre , Giuliani Rosa , Kerbrat Pierre , Hery Michel , Nilsson Jonas , Onida Francesco , Piccart Martine , Shepherd Lois , Therasse Patrick , Wils Jacques , Rogers David 
Published: June 2005

Purpose We reviewed follow-up of patients treated in 19 randomized trials of adjuvant epirubicin in early breast cancer to determine incidence, risk, and risk factors for subsequent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients and Methods The patients (N = 9,796) were observed from the start of adjuvant treatment (53,080 patient-years). Cases of AML or MDS (AML/MDS) were reported, with disease characteristics. Incidence and cumulative risk were compared for possible risk factors, for assigned regimens, and for administered cumulative doses of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Results In 7,110 patients treated with epirubicin-containing regimens (92% of whom also received cyclophosphamide), 8-year cumulative probability of AML/MDS was 0.55% (95% CI, 0.33% to 0.78%). The risk of developing AML/MDS increased in relation to planned epirubicin dose per cycle, planned epirubicin dose-intensity, and administered cumulative doses of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Patients with administered cumulative doses of both epirubicin and cyclophosphamide not exceeding those used in standard regimens (≤ 720 mg/m2 and ≤ 6,300 mg/m2, respectively) had an 8-year cumulative probability of developing AML/MDS of 0.37% (95% CI, 0.13% to 0.61%) compared with 4.97% (95% CI, 2.06% to 7.87%) for patients administered higher cumulative doses of both epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Conclusion Patients treated with standard cumulative doses of adjuvant epirubicin (≤ 720 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (≤ 6,300 mg/m2) for early breast cancer have a lower probability of secondary leukemia than patients treated with higher cumulative doses. Increased risk of secondary leukemia must be considered when assessing the potential benefit to risk ratio of higher than standard doses.
Differential Increase in Forebrain and Caudal Neurosecretory System Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Urotensin I Gene Expression Associated with Seawater Transfer in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Craig Paul M. , Al-Timimi Haider , Bernier Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTransfer to seawater (SW) in rainbow trout elicits an increase in plasma cortisol and a bout of anorexia. Although the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has known hypophysiotropic and anorexigenic properties, it is not known whether CRF-related peptides originating from either the forebrain or the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) play a role during SW acclimation. Therefore, we examined the effects of SW transfer on food intake, plasma osmolality, hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis activity, and the expression of CRF and urotensin I (UI) in the forebrain and the CNSS. While SW transfer chronically suppressed food intake over a 2-wk period, it transiently increased plasma osmolality, ACTH, and cortisol. Similarly, 24 h after SW transfer, hypothalamic and preoptic area CRF mRNA levels were significantly increased but recovered to pretransfer levels within 7 d. Conversely, SW transfer elicited a delayed increase in hypothalamic UI mRNA levels and had no effect on preoptic area UI expression. In the CNSS, SW exposure was associated with parallel increases in CRF and UI mRNA levels from 24 h post transfer through 7 d. Finally, in situ hybridization demonstrated an extensive and overlapping pattern of CNSS CRF and UI expression. These results differentially implicate specific neuronal populations of the CRF system in the acute and chronic responses to a hyperosmotic stress and suggest that forebrain and CNSS CRF-related peptides have different roles in the coordinated response to fluid balance disturbances.
Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome in trisomy 13: How does the mix work?
Authors: Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Picker Jonathan , Irons Mira B. , Kimonis Virginia E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrisomy 13 and Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS) are both well‐recognized multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndromes.CASEIn this report we describe a male newborn with trisomy 13 who also has features of SLOS, such as 2/3 toe syndactyly and a shawl‐like scrotum. Biochemical analysis was consistent with SLOS, and limited molecular analysis revealed 1 mutation in the DHCR7 gene.CONCLUSIONSThe challenges in establishing the diagnosis of SLOS in this patient are presented and the unique coexistence of the 2 major malformation syndromes is discussed. Given the overlapping phenotype of the 2 syndromes, our report should encourage further research on cholesterol biosynthesis in patients with trisomy 13. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of heat‐shock protein 70 during limb development and regeneration in the axolotl
Authors: Lévesque Mathieu , Guimond Jean‐Charles , Pilote Mireille , Leclerc Séverine , Moldovan Florina , Roy Stéphane 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUrodele amphibians (e.g., axolotls) have the unique ability, among vertebrates, to regenerate perfectly many parts of their body after amputation. The limb has been the most widely studied regenerating structure in these organisms and provides an ideal model in which to understand how vertebrates can regenerate complex tissues. The present study focuses on Hsp‐70, a member of the stress‐related heat‐shock protein family. This protein is normally induced after a stress or trauma such as heat‐shock, ultraviolet irradiation, or wounding. Thus, studying its expression during axolotl limb regeneration, a response to an important traumatic event (amputation), is of great interest to further understand how the regenerative process is mediated. Using molecular biology and biochemical techniques, we have characterized both the spatiotemporal and quantitative expression patterns of Hsp‐70 in axolotl development and regeneration. Our results show that Hsp‐70 is expressed and regulated during axolotl development as in other vertebrates. Our data also demonstrate an up‐regulation of the RNA transcript for Hsp‐70 during limb regeneration as early as 24 hr after amputation that is maintained up to early differentiation. We also demonstrate a similar pattern of expression for the protein during regeneration. Finally, we show that axolotl Hsp‐70 is induced threefold after heat‐shock as observed in other vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 233:1525–1534, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iodide‐Selective Electrodes Based on Bis[N(2‐methyl‐phenyl) 4‐Nitro‐thiobenzamidato]mercury(II) and Bis[N‐phenyl 3,5‐Dinitro‐thiobenzamidato]mercury(II) Carriers
Authors: Ghaedi Mehrorang , Shojaie Abdolah Falah , Montazerozohori Morteza , Karami Bahador , Gharaghani Shiva 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHighly selective poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrodes based on recently synthesized mercury complexes including Hg(Nmpntb)2 and Hg(Npdntb)2 as new carriers for iodide‐selective electrodes by incorporating the membrane ingredients on the surface of graphite electrodes are reported. The effect of various parameters including the membrane composition, pH and possible interfering anions were investigated on the response properties of the electrodes. Both sensors exhibited Nernstian responses toward iodide over a wide concentration range of 7×10−7 to 0.1 M and 1×10−6 to 0.1 M, with slopes of 59.6±0.8 and 58.9±0.9 mV per decade of iodide concentration and detection limit of 3×10−7  M and 7×10−7 for Hg(Npdntb)2 and Hg(Nmpntb)2, respectively, over a wide pH range of 3–11. The sensors have response times of ≤5 s and can be used for at least 2 months without any considerable divergence in their potential response. The proposed electrodes show good ability to discriminate iodide over several inorganic and organic anions. The electrodes were successfully applied to direct determination of iodide in synthetic mixture, waste water and drinking water and as indicator electrodes in precipitation titrations.
Modelling Mobile Species Dynamics within Electroactive Films under Mixed Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control
Authors: Hillman A. Robert , Mohamoud Mohamoud A. , Bruckenstein Stanley 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mobile species (ion and solvent) content of permselective electroactive films can be represented in 3D compositional space, where the three components are potential (E), charge (Q) and solvent population (ΓS). Having introduced this concept for films undergoing redox switching under thermodynamic control with ideal solvation characteristics, it was previously shown how one could introduce the additional complexity of non‐ideal solvation characteristics, or slow charge (electron/ion) transfer kinetics, or slow solvent transfer kinetics. Here, the facility is developed to incorporate any combination of these complexities, providing a more realistic model for “typical” electroactive films. Additionally, the possibility of “asymmetry” in the entry and exit rates of mobile species is considered. A range of specific kinetic and thermodynamic scenarios is explored for a cyclic voltammetric potential control function and represented in (E,Q, ΓS)‐space and through solvent:ion flux ratios. These integral and differential compositional representations are directly applicable to experimental data from a wide range of in situ techniques and allow simple visualization and qualitative recognition of specific behavioral types. The responses vary significantly with potential scan rate, underscoring the value of varying experimental timescale in order to highlight specific phenomena and thereby evaluate the relevant thermodynamic or kinetic parameters.
Effect of Silicotungstic Acid (STA) on the Performance of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Based on Nafion® Cast in Dimethylformamide
Authors: Tian H. , Savadogo O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA casting process for composite Nafion®/STA membranes was achieved. The membrane casting was based on the evaporation of 5% Nafion® solution in N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) with and without silicotungstic acid (STA) as an additive. Optimized parameters for the casting process were determined. The water uptake and the ionic conductivity of the cast membranes were measured. The variation of the volume of Nafion® and the STA concentrations on the water uptake and conductivity of the cast membranes were investigated under various conditions. The sulphuric acid uptake was also determined. The effect of the membrane soaking conditions, on water uptake and conductivity, were determined. The contribution of the (‐SO3H) groups, the STA species, and/or the sulphuric acid to the membrane properties was discussed. The performance of hydrogen/oxygen (H2/O2) PEM Fuel Cells based on the membranes cast with STA was compared to those based on membranes cast without STA. It was shown that the water uptake of the cast membrane increased from 18% to 50% when the STA concentration used in the casting bath increased from 0 to 5 × 10–3�M. For the membrane fabricated without STA, the water uptake and the conductivity do not change with membrane thickness, whereas for the membranes cast with STA, the water uptake and the conductivity increase with membrane thickness. A performance improvement of 0.3 A cm–2 at 0.6 V was obtained with the H2/O2 PEM fuel cell based on membranes cast with STA, compared to the performance of the cell based on membranes cast without STA. On the other hand, this performance improvement, for the cells based on the membranes cast in DMF (0.3 A cm–2 at 0.6 V), is higher than that for the cells based on membranes cast in aqueous electrolyte (0.15 A cm–2 at 0.6 V).It was anticipated that soaking the membranes in sulphuric acid might improve their performance for H2/O2 PEMFC applications.