bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in learning entrepreneurship and their implications for web‐based instruction in e‐business and e‐commerce
Authors: Foster Jonathan , Lin Angela 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper reports on outcomes from a White Rose Centre for Enterprise funded project Managing Innovation in the Digital Economy. This project aims to incorporate learning for enterprise into undergraduate and postgraduate curricula in information management and information systems. The paper presents results from a survey distributed to postgraduate information management and information systems students following completion of a module in E‐Business and E‐Commerce delivered by the Department of Information Studies at the University of Sheffield. The findings suggest that differences in levels of prior knowledge of business studies and in cultural background can impact on students’ acquisition of domain knowledge and intellectual and information research skills during collaborative development of a business plan. Implications of the results for web‐based instruction are addressed, by identifying teaching and learning strategies that support differential treatment of learners in terms of content and process. It is concluded that empirical investigation of individual differences within a student body can inform more effective methods for information systems and information management graduates to learn about and for entrepreneurship.
Academic offences and e‐learning: individual propensities in cheating
Authors: Underwood Jean , Szabo Attila 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIt has been argued that the use of Information and Communications Technologies has made academic dishonesty easier but this does not necessarily mean that it is more prevalent. The study presented here investigated the attitudes to, and extent of, self‐reported involvement in Internet supported dishonest academic practices. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that Internet experience, acceptability of cheating and assessment of risk predicted an individual student's acceptance of acts such as plagiarism as a legitimate way to achieve academic goals. There was a complex interrelationship among gender, frequency of Internet usage, and maturity of students. Academic offences tended to be more acceptable to males, but also to active Internet users, who were often female: that is females who joined the Internet culture were more prone to plagiarise than their non‐active peers. New undergraduates were more likely to err than students in later years of their degree. These results show that there are a number of interrelated factors impacting on individuals’ willingness to commit academic offences. The final discussion of this paper both recognises that Internet supported academic offences occur and briefly outlines some technical and non‐technical responses that should be considered by faculty to ameliorate this problem.
Individual differences in navigation between sharable content objects—an evaluation study of a learning module prototype
Authors: Gauss Boris , Urbas Leon 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this article, we report the design and evaluation of a prototype for learning modules compliant to the SCORM standard. This prototype is especially developed for the subject matter of process systems engineering and features a novel process control display for the navigation between Sharable Content Objects. In a controlled field study, N=18 undergraduate students interacted with the module for a period of 40 minutes. The relations between individual differences in learner characteristics, navigation, and learning outcome were considered. Interaction with the module had a strong positive effect on learning outcome. Individual differences in learning outcome were significantly affected by individual differences in intrinsic motivation, computer experience and navigation behaviour.
Reviews: 6
Authors: Deeson Eric 
Published: August 2003

Lewis, Roger & Whitlock, Quentin (2003) How to plan and manage an e‐learning programme Gower (Aldershot UK & Burlington VT) ISBN 0‐566‐08424‐4 185 pp £49.50 http://www.gowerpub.com

info@gowerpub.com
Sustaining a Sacramental Commons
Authors: Hart John 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAugustine described sacraments as visible signs of invisible grace, indications of the presence of the Creator in creation. Although the Christian churches later limited “sacrament” to mean only seven or two religious rituals, usually administered by a member of the clergy, U.S. Catholic bishops in 1991 described a “sacramental universe,” recalling Augustine's understanding. The “sacramental universe” is localized as the “sacramental commons”; people are called to care for it responsibly. The gospel account of Jesus' encounter with the Rich Young Man provides insights about human responsibility to share the goods of the commons as common goods, thereby sustaining the well‐being of the sacramental commons.
Transcription Activation at
Escherichia coli
FNR-Dependent Promoters by the Gonococcal FNR Protein: Effects of a Novel S18F Substitution and Comparisons with the Corresponding Substitution in
E. coli
FNR
Authors: Overton Tim , Reid Eleanor G. F. , Foxall Robin , Smith Harry , Busby Stephen J. W. , Cole Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

The
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
genome encodes a homologue of the
Escherichia coli
FNR protein (the fumarate and nitrate reductase regulator). Despite its similarity to
E. coli
FNR, the gonococcal FNR only partially complemented an
E. coli fnr
mutation. After error-prone PCR mutagenesis of the gonococcal
fnr
gene, we identified four mutant
fnr
derivatives carrying the same S18F substitution, and we showed that the mutant FNR could activate transcription from a range of class I and class II FNR-dependent promoters in
E. coli
. Prompted by the similarities between gonococcal and
E. coli
FNR, we made changes in gonococcal
fnr
that created substitutions that are equivalent to previously characterized substitutions in
E. coli
FNR. First, our experiments showed that cysteine, C116, in the gonococcal FNR, equivalent to C122 in
E. coli
FNR, is essential, presumably because, as in
E. coli
FNR, it binds to an iron-sulfur center. Second, the L22H and D148A substitutions in gonococcal FNR were made. These changes are equivalent to the L28H and D154A changes in
E. coli
FNR, which had been shown to increase FNR activity in the presence of oxygen. We show that the effects of these substitutions in gonococcal FNR are distinct from those of the S18F substitution. Similarly, substitutions in the putative activating regions of gonococcal FNR were made. We show that the activity of gonococcal FNR in
E. coli
can be increased by transplanting certain activating regions from
E. coli
FNR. The effects of these substitutions are additive to those due to S18F. From these data, we conclude that the effects of the S18F substitution in gonococcal FNR are distinct from the effects of the other substitutions. S18 is immediately adjacent to one of three N-terminal cysteine residues that coordinate the iron-sulfur center, and thus the S18F substitution is most likely to stabilize this center. Support for this came from complementary experiments in which we created the S24F substitution in
E. coli
FNR, which is equivalent to the S18F substitution in gonococcal FNR. Our results show that the S24F substitution changes the activity of
E. coli
FNR and that the changes are distinct from those due to previously characterized substitutions.
Regulation of the
Bacillus subtilis
Extracytoplasmic Function Protein σ
Y
and Its Target Promoters
Authors: Cao Min , Salzberg Letal , Tsai Ching Sung , Mascher Thorsten , Bonilla Carla , Wang Tao , Ye Rick W. , Márquez-Magaña Leticia , Helmann John D. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

The
Bacillus subtilis
extracytoplasmic function sigma factor σ
Y
is of unknown function. We demonstrate that the
sigY
operon is expressed from an autoregulatory promoter site, P
Y
. We selected for transposon-induced mutations that upregulate P
Y
transcription in an attempt to identify genes involved in σ
Y
regulation. The resulting insertions disrupted
yxlC
, the gene immediately downstream of
sigY
. However, the phenotype of the
yxlC
::Tn
10
insertion was due to polarity on the downstream genes of the
sigY
operon; a nonpolar insertion in
yxlC
did not lead to derepression of P
Y
. Further analyses revealed that both
yxlD
and
yxlE
encoded proteins important for the negative regulation of σ
Y
activity. A comparison of the transcriptomes of wild-type and
yxlC
::Tn
10
mutant strains revealed elevated expression of several operons. However, only one additional gene,
ybgB
, was unambiguously identified as a direct target for σ
Y
. This was supported by analysis of direct targets for σ
Y
transcription with whole-genome runoff transcription followed by macroarray analysis.
Identification of CpxR as a Positive Regulator of
icm
and
dot
Virulence Genes of
Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Gal-Mor Ohad , Segal Gil 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

To date, 24
Legionella pneumophila
genes (
icm
and
dot
genes) have been shown to be required for intercellular growth and host cell killing. A previous report indicated that the regulation of these genes is complicated and probably involves several regulatory proteins. In this study, a genetic screen performed in
Escherichia coli
identified the CpxR response regulator as an activator of the
L. pneumophila icmR
gene. Construction of an
L. pneumophila cpxR
insertion mutant showed that the expression of
icmR
is regulated by CpxR. In addition, a conserved CpxR binding site (GTAAA) was identified in the
icmR
regulatory region and
L. pneumophila
His-tagged CpxR protein was shown to bind to the
icmR
regulatory region using a mobility shift assay. Besides its dramatic effect on the
icmR
level of expression, the CpxR regulator was also found to affect the expression of the
icmV-dotA
and
icmW-icmX
operons, but to a lesser extent. The role of CpxA, the cognate sensor kinase of CpxR, was also examined and its effect on the
icmR
level of expression was found to be less pronounced than the effect of CpxR. The RpoE sigma factor, which was shown to coregulate genes together with CpxR, was examined as well, but it did not influence
icm
and
dot
gene expression. In addition, when the
cpxR
mutant strain, in which the expression of the
icmR
gene was dramatically reduced, and the
cpxA
and
rpoE
mutant strains were examined for their ability to grow inside
Acanthamoeba castellanii
and HL-60-derived human macrophages, no intracellular growth defect was observed. This study presents the first evidence for a direct regulator (CpxR) of an
icm-dot
virulence gene (
icmR
). The CpxR regulator together with other regulatory factors probably concerts with the expression of
icm
and
dot
genes to result in successful infection.
Conformation of a Bactericidal Domain of Puroindoline a: Structure and Mechanism of Action of a 13-Residue Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: Jing Weiguo , Demcoe Alistair R. , Vogel Hans J. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Puroindoline a, a wheat endosperm-specific protein containing a tryptophan-rich domain, was reported to have antimicrobial activities. We found that a 13-residue fragment of puroindoline a (FPVTWRWWKWWKG-NH
2
) (puroA) exhibits activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This suggests that puroA may be a bactericidal domain of puroindoline a. PuroA interacted strongly with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles and induced efficient dye release from these vesicles, suggesting that the microbicidal effect of puroA may be due to interactions with bacterial membranes. A variety of biophysical and biochemical methods, including fluorescence spectroscopy and microcalorimetry, were used to examine the mode of action of puroA. These studies showed that puroA is located at the membrane interface, probably due to its high content of Trp residues that have a high propensity to partition into the membrane interface. The penetration of these Trp residues in negatively charged phospholipid vesicles resembling bacterial membranes was more extensive than the penetration in neutral vesicles mimicking eukaryotic membranes. Peptide binding had a significant influence on the phase behavior of the former vesicles. The three-dimensional structure of micelle-bound puroA determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that all the positively charged residues are oriented close to the face of Trp indole rings, forming energetically favorable cation-π interactions. This characteristic, along with its well-defined amphipathic structure upon binding to membrane mimetic systems, allows puroA to insert more deeply into bacterial membranes and disrupt the regular membrane bilayer structure.
Clozapine associated dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tanner M A , Culling W 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A 31 year old white man was referred for investigation of a persistent sinus tachycardia. His only significant past medical history was of chronic schizophrenia for which he had been taking clozapine for six years. An electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia, voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy, and a prolonged QTc. Echocardiographic findings were consistent with a dilated cardiomyopathy. Serious cardiac complications of clozapine use are rare but have been reported previously. It is important to note that sinus tachycardia may be the only obvious clinical sign, and that complications can manifest months or even years (as in this case) after starting the drug. Patients on clozapine should be informed of potential cardiac symptoms and doctors should maintain a high degree of clinical suspicion throughout the duration of treatment.
Malignant potential in a Brunner’s gland hamartoma
Authors: Brookes M J , Manjunatha S , Allen C A , Cox M 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Brunner’s gland hamartomas are rare tumours of the duodenum. These lesions have previously been described as being benign, with no malignant potential. A case report is presented of a Brunner’s gland hamartoma, whose histology revealed a focus of well marked epithelial dysplasia. This case suggests a dysplastic stage in the natural history of Brunner’s gland hamartoma, and questions the malignant potential of these lesions.
Fast structural interpretation with structure‐oriented filtering
Authors: Fehmers Gijs C. , Höcker Christian F. W. 
Published: August 2003

We present a new approach to structural interpretation of 3D seismic data with the objectives of simplifying the task and reducing the interpretation time. The essential element is the stepwise removal of noise, and eventually of small‐scale stratigraphic and structural features, to derive more and more simple representations of structural shape. Without noise and small‐scale structure, both man and machine (autotrackers) can arrive at a structural interpretation faster. If the interpreters so wish, they can refine such an initial crude structural interpretation in selected target areas. We discuss a class of filters that removes noise and, if desired, simplifies structural information in 3D seismic data. The gist of these filters is a smoothing operation parallel to the seismic reflections that does not operate beyond reflection terminations (faults). These filters therefore have three ingredients: (1) orientation analysis, (2) edge detection, and (3) edge‐preserving oriented smoothing. We discuss one particular implementation of this principle in some detail: a simulated anisotropic diffusion process (low‐pass filter) that diffuses the seismic amplitude while the diffusion tensor is computed from the local image structure (so that the diffusion is parallel to the reflections). Examples show the remarkable effects of this operation.
Assertive outreach teams in London: Patient characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Priebe Stefan , Fakhoury Walid , Watts Joanna , Bebbington Paul , Burns Tom , Johnson Sonia , Muijen Matt , Ryrie Iain , White Ian , Wright Christine 
Published: August 2003

BackgroundAlthough the model of assertive outreach has been widely adopted, it is unclear who receives assertive outreach in practice and what outcomes can be expected under routine conditions.AimsTo assess patient characteristics and outcome in routine assertive outreach services in the UK.MethodPatients (n=580) were sampled from 24 assertive outreach teams in London. Outcomes – days spent in hospital and compulsory hospitalisation – were assessed over a 9-month follow-up.ResultsThe 6-month prevalence rate of substance misuse was 29%, and 35% of patients had been physically violent in the past 2 years. During follow-up, 39% were hospitalised and 25% compulsorily admitted. Outcome varied significantly between team types. These differences did not hold true when baseline differences in patient characteristics were controlled for.ConclusionsRoutine assertive outreach serves a wide range of patients with significant rates of substance misuse and violent behaviour. Over a 9-month period an average of 25% of assertive outreach patients can be expected to be hospitalised compulsorily. Differences in outcome between team types can be explained by differences in patient characteristics.
Efficient Communication: Assessment‐oriented Oral Case Presentation
Authors: Maddow Charles L. , Shah Manish N. , Olsen Jon , Cook Sandy , Howes David S. 
Published: August 2003

Abstract Objective: To introduce and assess the time savings from and effectiveness of assessment‐oriented (AO) oral case presentation as a model of interphysician communication. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional study of all 10 on‐site faculty and 36 residents in a postgraduate year 1 to 3 format emergency medicine residency training program. Residents were requested to perform all oral case presentations in either the traditional or AO formats. Presentations were timed, and residents and faculty rated essential measures of oral case presentation effectiveness: data content, expression of decision making, organization, and overall satisfaction. Results: A total of 199 oral case presentations were sampled—112 traditional and 87 AO. Mean length of presentation for traditional presentations was 117 seconds versus 71 seconds for AO presentations (p < 0.001), a clinically significant difference, without significant differences in the essential measures of case presentation effectiveness. Conclusions: AO oral case presentation may provide a means for emergency medicine residents to “get to the point” and to communicate effectively and efficiently.
A new approach to real‐time training of dynamic neural networks
Authors: Chowdhury Fahmida N. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA fast, efficient and new way of real‐time training of dynamic neural networks is presented in this paper. The proposed method would be suitable for training neural networks for real‐time input–output modelling of uncertain dynamic systems. The training method proposed in this paper is unique in the sense that only the outer layer weights are updated; the hidden layer weights are chosen randomly at the beginning of the process, and left unchanged. The outer layer weights are estimated with an ordinary Kalman filter. This provides a learning rate which is an optimally time‐varying vector. Results of computer simulation experiments, including a comparison with conventional backpropagation, are presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent control using multiple neural networks
Authors: Chen Lingji , Narendra Kumpati S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this paper a framework for intelligent control is established to adaptively control a class of non‐linear discrete‐time dynamical systems while assuring boundedness of signals. A linear robust adaptive controller and multiple non‐linear neural network based adaptive controllers are used, and a switching law is suitably defined to switch between them, based upon their performances in predicting the plant output. Boundedness of signals is established with minimum requirements on the parameter adjustment mechanisms of the neural network controllers, and thus the latter can be used in novel ways to better detect changes in the system being controlled, and to initiate fast adaptation. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Median and musculocutaneous nerves: Variant formation and distribution
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Rufai Amin A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAn unusual formation of the median and musculocutaneous nerves was observed during routine dissection of the left upper limb of a 60‐year‐old Caucasian male cadaver. The median nerve was formed by the fusion of three roots, two from the lateral and one from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. The variant lateral root of the median nerve followed an anomalous course, crossing anterior to the distal part of the axillary artery. Moreover, in the distal half of the arm, the median nerve contributed a communicating branch to the musculocutaneous nerve. Injury to such a variant median nerve in the proximal arm may lead to paresthesia along the preaxial border of the forearm, weakness of elbow flexion, in addition to other manifestations of median nerve injury. The developmental and clinical significance of this anomaly is discussed. Clin. Anat. 16:453–457, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Avulsion fracture of the pelvis: Separation of the secondary ossification center in the superior margin of the acetabulum
Authors: Nan̆ka O. , Havránek P. , Pes̆l T. , Dutka J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA 13‐year‐old female sustained a rare avulsion fracture of the secondary ossification center in the superior margin of the acetabulum as the result of contraction of the reflected head of the rectus femoris muscle. Diagnosis was made from plain films and CT scans with 3D image reconstruction. The patient was treated non‐operatively by bed rest with semiflexion of the hip and knee, and appropriate analgesia. Clin. Anat. 16:458–460, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of tarsal coalitions and tarsal joint variants in a recent cadaver sample and its possible significance
Authors: Rühli F.J. , Solomon L.B. , Henneberg M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractTarsal coalitions (TC) are defined as fibrous (beyond normal ligaments), cartilaginous, or osseous unions of at least two tarsal bones. Most of the clinical studies report the prevalence of TC as <1%, but they disregard the asymptomatic coalitions. Because TC have been associated with pathologic conditions, including degenerative arthritic changes, knowledge of their prevalence has clinical importance. The aim of our study was to establish the prevalence of TC and tarsal joint variants. A total of 114 feet from 62 cadavers (average age = 78 years) without obvious foot pathologies were dissected at the Department of Anatomical Sciences, The University of Adelaide. Ten non‐osseous TC in eight subjects were identified: two talocalcaneal and eight calcaneonavicular (occurred twice bilaterally). Variant calcaneonavicular and cuboideonavicular joints were found in 8% and 31% of feet, respectively. Other joint variants included a variable number of talocalcaneal joint surfaces and sesamoid bones. No secondary TC (due to trauma, infections, or neoplasm) were found. Our study demonstrated that the overall prevalence of TC is higher (13%) than previously thought; tarsal joint variations (39%) and sesamoid bones (42%) were common as well. The supposed secular increase in the prevalence of TC as well as the high number of anatomical variants could reflect a short‐term response to altered life‐style or a microevolutionary trend due to relaxed selection. Clin. Anat. 16:411–415, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.