bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in breast cancer subtypes.
Authors: Andryszak Natalia , Kurzawa Paweł , Krzyżaniak Monika , Ruchała Marek , Nowicki Michał , Iżycki Dariusz , Czepczyński Rafał 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a major health concern, and its accurate diagnosis and management depend on identifying its histological type and biological subtype. Semaphorin-3A (SEMA3A) is a membrane protein with diverse roles in cellular processes, including cancer progression and angiogenesis regulation. However, its role in breast cancer remains poorly understood.
Methods: This study aimed to evaluate SEMA3A expression in breast cancer and investigate its distribution across breast cancer subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed on 98 breast cancer patients' tumor specimens, and SEMA3A expression was assessed in tumor cells and vessels. The study included the analysis of the Ki67 proliferation index, estrogen receptor (ER) expression, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, and HER2 status in conjunction with SEMA3A expression.
Results: Analysis indicated positive expression of SEMA3A in breast cancer cells in 60 out of 98 cases. SEMA3A expression correlated positively with Ki67 levels in tumor cells (p=0.0005, R Spearman 0.338). Notably, a negative correlation was found between SEMA3A expression and ER and PR levels in tumor cells (p=0.04, Spearman's R = -0.21 and p=0.016, Spearman's R = -0,25 respectively). HER2 status did not significantly influence SEMA3A expression. The study demonstrated positive SEMA3A expression in tumor vessels across all subtypes in 91 out of 98 cases, suggesting its involvement in endothelial cell function. However, no significant differences in SEMA3A expression were observed between breast cancer subtypes either in vessels or tumor cells.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that elevated SEMA3A expression may be associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer, especially in ER- and PR-negative tumors. Further investigations are warranted to fully comprehend the role of SEMA3A in breast cancer biology, which may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.
Conserving large mammals on small islands: a case study on one of the world’s most understudied pigs, the Togean Islands babirusa
Authors: Jati Agus Sudibyo , Broto Bayu Wisnu , Dri Gabriela Franzoi , Latifiana Kurnia , Fraver Shawn , Rej Ikeu Sri , Bustang FNU , Mortelliti Alessio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conserving large mammals on small islands poses a great challenge, given their high resource demand within the limited space available. The endangered Togean Islands babirusa (Babyrousa togeanensis) is one of these species, with a distribution range limited to four small islands in the Togean Archipelago, Indonesia. Despite being listed as endangered, very little information is available on the distribution and ecology of this species. To address this critical knowledge gap, we here report the first field-based ecological study of the Togean Islands babirusa across its entire distribution range. Following a stratified random sampling procedure, we distributed camera traps at 103 stations across four islands to collect data on the species distribution from July-October 2022. We performed an occupancy modeling analysis to assess the species' habitat use, with various habitat features estimated through remote sensing and field measurements as covariates. We found that forest and mangrove availability over a large area positively influenced babirusa habitat selection. Babirusas only made use of agricultural areas when large forest areas were available nearby. Our results highlight the benefits of redesigning the national park area to accommodate babirusa habitat requirements, specifically by reassigning the non-forested park areas (about 30% of the park area) to non-protected forests currently outside the park boundary (about 50% of total forested area). Our case study exemplifies key challenges associated with conserving large mammals on small islands and highlights the importance of following an adaptive management approach, which in this case implies shifting 30% of the current protected area.
Household Air Pollution and Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Katoto Patrick D.M.C. , Bihehe Dieudonné , Brand Amanda , Mushi Raymond , Kusinza Aline , Alwood Brian W. , Zyl-Smit Richard N. van , Tamuzi Jacques L. , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Yotebieng Marcel , Metcalfe John , Theron Grant , Pollitt Krystal J. Godri , Lesosky Maia , Vanoirbeek Jeroen , Mortimer Kevin , Nawrot Tim , Nemery Benoit , Nachega Jean B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In developing countries, millions of deaths occur annually from household air pollution (HAP), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and HIV-infection. However, it is unknown whether HAP influences PTB risk among people living with HIV-infection.
Methods
We conducted a case-control study among 1,277 HIV-infected adults in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (February 2018 – March 2019). Cases had current or recent (<5y) PTB (positive sputum smear or Xpert MTB/RIF), controls had no PTB. Daily and lifetime HAP exposure were assessed by questionnaire and, in a random sub-sample (n=270), by 24-hour measurements of personal carbon monoxide (CO) at home. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between HAP and PTB.
Results
We recruited 435 cases and 842 controls (median age 41 years, [IQR] 33-50; 76% female). Cases were more likely to be female than male (63% vs 37%). Participants reporting cooking for >3h/day and ≥2 times/day and ≥5 days/weekwere more likely to have PTB (aOR 1·36; 95%CI 1·06-1·75) than those spending less time in the kitchen. Time-weighted average 24h personal CO exposure was related dose-dependently with the likelihood of having PTB, with aOR 4·64 (95%CI 1·1-20·7) for the highest quintile [12·3-76·2 ppm] compared to the lowest quintile [0·1-1·9 ppm].
Conclusion
Time spent cooking and personal CO exposure were independently associated with increased risk of PTB among people living with HIV. Considering the high burden of TB-HIV coinfection in the region, effective interventions are required to decrease HAP exposure caused by cooking with biomass among people living with HIV, especially women.
A spray-on environmentally friendly degradable mulch material and its weed suppressing effect in greenhouse experiments
Authors: Kirchinger Michael , Holzknecht Elias , Redl Markus , Steinkellner Siegrid , Emberger Peter , Remmele Edgar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study describes a novel spray-on mulch material as an alternative to currently used weed control methods. The mulch material is based on renewable raw materials, mainly rapeseed oil, starch and sodium alginate. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the mulch material's heat and water resistance as well as any mold growth. Furthermore, the aerobic degradability of the mulch material was recorded using the DIN EN ISO 17556 method. In addition, the mulch material was spread on an experimental field and its durability was tested under natural conditions over the vegetation period. The weed suppressing effect of the mulch material was investigated in greenhouse experiments. The formulation of the mulch material was optimized for heat and water stability. Mould resistance was improved by adding sodium benzoate. In the laboratory experiment, the CO2 decomposition rate was about 30% after seven weeks. In the field, the mulch material maintained its function for six months. In the greenhouse, it was found that the mulch material showed a high efficiency in controlling aboveground biomass of Elymus repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Setaria viridis. In addition, the biomass of the roots of Amaranthus retroflexus and Elymus repens was reduced. Further studies are on the way to elucidate field suitability and the weed suppressive effect under different environmental conditions.
Stability and dispersion mechanism of Copper powders
Authors: Han Fei , Cao Mei , Lin Jiali , Liu Ting , Zhu Xiaoyun , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The stability and dispersion of Copper (Cu) powders in an aqueous medium impacts their performances. Thus the Cu powders suspensions were prepared by adding different stabilizers -sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and the stability and dispersion was studied to find suitable stabilizer. The study systematically examined the effect of the stability of suspensions via sedimentation analysis, such as solid-liquid ratio, the concentration of stabilizer and dispersion time. The particle size, the stability of suspensions, phase composition, and microstructure of Cu powders were characterized by laser particle size analyzer, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the addition of PVP increased the stability of the suspension because of steric hindrance of PVP, and the formation of a thick hydration layer retards the growth and agglomeration of particles with the optimizing concentrations, dispersion time, and solid-liquid ratio 10 g/L, 30 min, and 1:25, respectively.
Pupil size regulated by ambient light levels affects visual acuity on the Snellen eye chart
Authors: Chin Hsin-Hua , Tai Ying-Hsuan , Yep Rachel , Wang Chin-An 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
(200) Pupil size changes in response to ambient light levels to regulate the amount of light entering the retina. This fundamental mechanism is believed to optimize the balance between visual acuity and sensitivity for effective visual processing. While prior studies have shown that larger pupil sizes can enhance target detection performance, research on the relationship between pupil size and visual acuity is less conclusive. The effects of pupil size on visual discrimination performance appear to be variable and task-dependent. By manipulating peripheral background luminance levels and target contrast, here we examine how absolute pupil size impacts visual acuity on the most common assessment of visual acuity, the Snellen eye chart. We found that higher background luminance levels were associated with improved target discrimination and faster correct reaction times. Moreover, using linear mixed models, we demonstrated a trial-by-trial intra-individual correlation between absolute pupil size and reaction times, with smaller pupil sizes correlating with better discrimination performance. In contrast, we did not observe inter-individual correlations between absolute pupil size and discrimination performance. Together, our results demonstrate that absolute pupil size, regulated by global luminance level, plays a functional role in enhancing visual acuity on the Snellen eye chart for effective foveal visual processing.
Bearing capacity of circular footing on sand: A critical state approach
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There has been extensive research into the bearing capacity of circular footing under vertical centric load. Although the scatter values for the bearing capacity factor Nγ that have been suggested by different methods, the classical solution is still being widely used in the design codes. Sand particle morphology, footing diameter D, mean effective stress level pˊ, and sand relative density Dr, are some of the variables influencing the surface footing bearing capacity in sandy soil. Different sands may have various mobilization friction angles and, thus, various stress-strain responses, although they may have the same relative densities Dr and mean effective stresses pˊ. Therefore, it is possible that estimating bearing capacity factors based on peak friction angle may not accurately reflect the actual bearing capacity. In the current study, a three-dimensional finite element model (3D-FEM) was utilized. Hypoplastic sand model has been used to simulate sand behavior. It can effectively simulate the compression and shear behavior of sands over a broad confining pressure and density range. The model has been validated using experimental centrifuge and one element tests available in literature. Critical friction angle ϕcr has been considered as a shear strength parameter that is independent on pˊ and Dr. Further research is done using parametric analysis. The main objective is to assess the expected bearing capacity factor Nγ of various sand characteristics and to offer a solution that can be valid for a wide range of sand properties.
Estimation of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation using sentinel surveillance in South Africa, a test-negative case-control study
Authors: Chiwandire Nicola , Walaza Sibongile , von Gottberg Anne , Wolter Nicole , du Plessis Mignon , Moosa Fahima , Groome Michelle J. , Nel Jeremy , Variava Ebrahim , Dawood Halima , Makhasi Mvuyo , Feldstein Leora R. , Marcenac Perrine , Lafond Kathryn E. , Samuels Aaron M. , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies leveraging systematic surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We aimed to assess BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S VE against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation in South African individuals aged ≥ 18 years.
Methods
We conducted a test-negative case-control study to estimate VE against hospitalisation in individuals enrolled in pneumonia surveillance in South Africa. Inpatients with physician-diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection or suspected COVID-19, testing SARS-CoV-2 positive or negative from May 2021‒March 2022 were cases or controls, respectively. Receiving one Ad26.COV2.S dose or two BNT162b2 doses ≥ 14 days before enrolment was considered fully vaccinated. VE was estimated using multivariable logistic regression for the Delta- and Omicron BA.1/BA.2-predominant periods; stratified by age and HIV-status.
Results
A total of 985 cases and 1,963 controls were included. Thirty-eight (3.9%) cases and 186 (9.5%) controls were fully vaccinated with BNT162b2; 30 (3.0%) cases and 94 (4.8%) controls were fully vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S. BNT162b2 VE against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 77% (95% CI: 26%;93%) and 38% (-9%;64%), respectively. Ad26.COV2.S VE against hospitalisation over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 47% (-57%;82%), and − 19% (-128%;37%), respectively. BNT162b2 VE against hospitalisation over Delta period was 84% (37%;96%) and 76% (21%;93%) among adults aged ≥ 60 years and HIV-uninfected, respectively.
Conclusions
BNT162b2 vaccine was effective against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation during the Delta period for adults aged ≥ 18 years, those aged ≥ 60 years, and HIV-uninfected adults. VE for Ad26.COV2.S was non-significant potentially due to limited sample size or residual confounding. These findings highlight the utility of sentinel surveillance for estimating VE.
Прогностическая роль генетических аберраций при лимфоме из клеток мантии: обзор литературы и собственные данные
Authors: Клеина Елизавета Вячеславовна , Волошин С. В. , Вокуева Ю. С. , Петухова О. Д. , Мотыко Е. В. , Бакай М. П. , Кустова Д. В. , Кириенко А. Н. , Линников С. Ю. , Карягина Е. В. , Успенская О. С. , Зюзгин И. С. , Сидоркевич С. В. , Мартынкевич И. С. 
Published: October 2023

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of peripheral B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma characterized by constitutive cyclin D1 overexpression leading to cell-cycle dysregulation and disruption of DNA damage repair. Apart from the typical translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) and more rare variants, such as t(2;11)(p11;q13) and t(11;22)(q13;q11), a considerable number of patients quite often show secondary molecular and chromosomal aberrations underlying heterogeneity of the clinical course of MCL. Among a wide range of molecular genetic abnormalities, particular attention during the last years has been concentrated on studying the so-called double-hit MCL within a subgroup of patients with translocations involving CCND1 and MYC genes. Double-hit MCL is distinguished with rapid progression and tumor generalization at the time of diagnosis. Poor prognosis and low survival rates in most MCL patients call for the fastest possible diagnosis. Morphological and immunohistochemical as well as genetic methods (standard cytogenetic technique and fluorescence in situ hybridization) contribute to improving the quality of evidence-based diagnosis. The results of comprehensive diagnostic studies optimize prognosis assessment and treatment decision making in clinic.
Investigation of reusability of effluents from an organized industrial zone wastewater treatment plant using a pressure-driven membrane process
Authors: Ocal Zehra Betül , Karagunduz Ahmet , Keskinler Bulent , Dizge Nadir , Ashqar Huthaifa I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The quantity of wastewater being discharged into the environment due to the rise in industrial activities is progressively growing over time. Aside from large environmental risk posed by untreated wastewater discharge, the reuse of treated water prevents wastage of large amounts of water. For this reason, in this study, the reuse potential of an organized industrial zone wastewater was investigated by membrane processes. The appropriate membrane type and rejection performance were determined for various pollutant parameters including conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), chloride, and sulfate. Laboratory-scale batch membrane filtration experiments were performed by using three different membrane types (BW30, XLE, and X20). The experiments were conducted at 15 and 20 bar pressures and flux data were collected during the operations. The results showed that BW30 and X20 membranes could be operated comfortably with 80% recovery for the wastewater containing low and high sulfate concentrations. For the wastewater with low sulfate concentration, the fluxes of BW30 and X20 at 20 bar were 19.7 and 16.4 L/m2/h, respectively, at 80% recovery. On the other hand, for the wastewater with higher sulfate concentration, the fluxes of BW30 and X20 at 20 bar were 8.6 and 11.5 L/m2/h, respectively.
Penyelesaian Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem menggunakan metode saving matrix pendistribusian raskin
Authors: Wati Erna , Wustqa Dhoriva Urwatul 
Published: October 2023

Perusahaan Umum Badan Urusan Logistik atau disingkat Perum BULOG adalah perusahaan umum milik negara yang bergerak di bidang logistik pangan mengemban tugas publik dari pemerintah menyalurkan beras untuk orang miskin (Raskin). Kasus pendistribusian raskin di kecamatan Temon & Panjatan termasuk kedalam masalah Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP).Metode alternatif pemecahan masalah CVRP yang lebih mudah adalah saving matrix. Saving matrix dilakukan dengan membuat suatu matrik yang disebut matrik penghematan selanjutnya membentuk urutan titik distribusi menggunakan metode nearest neighbour yang memberikan jarak terpendek. Tujuan pada penelitian ini yaitu penyelesaian rute optimum pendistribusian Raskin di Kecamatan Temon & Panjatan Kabupaten Kulon Progo dengan metode saving matrix.Hasil penelitian di Kecamatan Temon diperoleh 4 rute dari 15 rute saat ini dan total jarak tempuh truk sejauh 63,85 km dari 159 km dengan total raskin yang di alokasikan sebanyak 23.920 kg. Di Kecamatan Panjatan diperoleh 6 rute dari 11 rute saat ini dan total jarak tempuh truk sejauh 89,3 km dari 173,4 km dengan total raskin yang di alokasikan sebanyak 37.860 kg. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penyelesaian rute terpendek pendistribusian Raskin di Kecamatan Temon dan Panjatan menggunakan metode saving matrix lebih optimal jika dibandingkan dengan rute yang digunakan saat ini.
Pengaruh penggunaan metode 3 IN 1 pada pembelajaran matematika SMK
Authors: Chrisdiyanto Endar , Pangestu Aji 
Published: October 2023

Di dalam dunia pendidikan seorang tenaga pendidik (guru) memiliki peranan yang penting dalam menentukan pendidikan. Demi tercapainya sebuah tujuan dari sistem pendidikan di Indonesia maka perlu diciptakannya guru-guru profesional, yaitu seorang guru yang memiliki beberapa kompetensi profesionalitas seperti: sifat kepribadian yang luhur, penguasaan bidang studi, menguasai metode pengajaran, memiliki keterampilan mengajar dan keterampilan lain di bidang pendidikan. Untuk mencapai tujuan dari pembelajaran, seorang guru harus menguasai metode dalam pembelajaran dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mencapai tujuan dari pembelajaran, untuk membuat pembelajaran menyenangkan dan meningkatkan tingkat kepahaman siswa terhadap materi yang diiajarakan oleh guru. Metode yang dikembangkan disini yaitu metode pembelajran 3 in 1. Metode ini terbagi dalam tiga tahapan yaitu ceramah/penjelasan, diskusi kelompok dan game. Metode ini sesuai dengan karakter siswa kelas x dimana siswa pada masa ini merupakan masa perubahan pola berpikir siswa dari konkrit ke abstrak. Metode ini digunakan karena sesuai dengan karakter siswa kelas x dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA N 1 Jogonalan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Research and Development. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode pembelajaran dan untuk obyeknya adalah siswa kelas X. Hasil dari penggunaan metode ini dilihat dari hasil ulangan mata pelajaran matematika yang mengalami penigkatan yang cukup baik dari sebelumnya. Selain itu juga dengan metode ini membuat pembelajaran menyenangkan, sesuai karakter siswa dan sesuai dengan kemajuan perkembangan anak jaman sekarang.
Bentuk polinom gelombang transversal dengan pembuktian deret taylor dengan sisa
Authors: Handika Fahmi , Fatahillah Daisyah Alfian 
Published: October 2023

Gelombang Transversal adalah suatu gelombang yang arah rambatannya tegak lurus dengan arah getarannya. Adanya suatu gelombang transversal ditentukan dengan persamaan A sin (wt-kx) = A sin (2πf/v-2π/λ)x yang memiliki bentuk polinom dan tidak dapat diketahui bentuk polinomnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pembuktian bentuk polinom gelombang transversal berdasarkan penggunaan persamaan gelombang transversal A sin (wt-kx) = A sin (2πf/v-2π/λ)x agar konvergen ke persamaan gelombang transversal tersebut menggunakan deret Maclaurin dengan pembuktian deret Taylor dengan sisa. Pembuktian bentuk polinom gelombang transversal dapat ditentukan dengan kekonvergenan suatu deret. Suatu gelombang transversal ditentukan kekonvergenannya yaitu melalui deret Maclaurin dengan deret Taylor dengan sisa.. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan deret Maclaurin dengan pembuktian deret Taylor dengan sisa yang memiliki persamaan f(x) = Sin x dapat diperoleh kekonvergenannya dan bentuk polinom dari gelombang transversal dapat ditentukan yaitu memperoleh deret dalam bentuk polinom yang konvergen ke A sin (2πf/v-2π/λ)x. Dengan demikian, penggunaan deret Maclaurin dengan deret Taylor dengan sisa dalam pembuktian bentuk polinom gelombang transversal dapat ditentukan secara jelas.