bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Impact of impurities on Yttrium‐90 glass microsphere activity quantitation
Authors: Beattie Bradley J. , Kirov Assen S. , Kesner Adam L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlass 90Y microspheres are produced with known radionuclide impurities. These impurities are not independently monitored. Clinical instruments, including ionization chamber dose calibrators and positron emmission tomography (PET) cameras, can be much more sensitive in detecting signals from these impurities than to signals from 90Y itself.PurposeThe “typical” levels of 90Y impurities have been studied to assess their impact on dosimetry during internal implantation, and for the management of waste. However, unaccounted‐for decay spectra of impurities can also have an impact on dose calibrator and PET readings. Thus, even what might be considered negligibly small impurity fractions, can in principle cause substantial overestimates of the amount of 90Y activity present in a sample. To our knowledge, quantitative effects of radionuclide impurities in glass microspheres on activity measurements have not been documented in the field. As activity quantitation for dosimetry and its correlations with outcome becomes more prevalent, the effects of impurities on measurements may remain unaccounted for in dosimetry studies.MethodsIn this letter, we review theoretical and physical considerations that will result in asymmetric errors in quantitation from 90Y impurities and estimate their typical and potential impact on clinical utilization. Among the common impurities 88Y is of particular concern for its impact on 90Y dose measurements because of its decay characteristics, along with other isotopes 91Y and 46Sc which can also impact measurements.ResultsThe typical level of 88Y impurities reported by the manufacturer should only cause small errors in dose calibrator and PET measurements made within the 12‐day label‐specified use‐by period, up to 2.0% and 1.6%, respectively. However, the product specification max allowable impurity levels, specified by the manufacturer, leave open the potential for much greater bias from within the 12‐day use‐by period, potentially as high as 13.2% for dose calibrator measurements and 10.6% for PET from the 88Y impurities.ConclusionsWhile typical levels of impurities appear to have acceptable impact on patient absorbed dose, it should be noted that they can have adverse effects on 90Y radioactivity measurements. Furthermore, there is currently minimal independent verification and/or monitoring of impurity levels within the field.
The relation between biodiversity in literature and social and spatial situation of authors: Reflections on the nature–culture entanglement
Authors: Langer Lars , Burghardt Manuel , Borgards Roland , Richter Ronny , Wirth Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Understanding the nature–culture entanglement by combining the methods of natural sciences and humanities is little approached in neither of the fields. With a specific combination of methods from both digital humanities and ecology, we aimed at identifying several of people's life circumstances that relate to their individual sensitivity towards biodiversity. The circumstances with a strong correlation could be considered and targeted by decision‐makers, for example by developing specific education programmes for making people more eco‐conscious or adjusting relevant regulations.

We applied machine learning techniques onto a database including information about the frequency of biodiversity mentioned in creative literature (BiL) from 1705 to 1969 as response variable related to metadata about the corresponding works and their authors as predictors, including localisation, age, gender and literature genre. The algorithm determined the response's dependency on each predictor, which can be interpreted as the intensity of this particular sensitivity parameter for biodiversity, and which we also related to time.

We recognised that gender, age, region and settlement size are predictors significantly correlated to BiL. Statistically, these predictors can be viewed as starting points of the eventual individual level of awareness for biodiversity. For example, authors from villages exhibit a higher BiL than those from cities, which we interpret as a signal for the dependence of awareness for biodiversity on spatial distance from nature, which in turn can be addressed in urban development.

Our conclusion is that applying a machine learning technique on literary data yields meaningful results, thereby showing potential for further similar investigations and the combination of methods from natural sciences and humanities to achieve so far unattainable insights. With our study, these insights could contribute to ecologically based decision‐making processes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Psychological distress and mental health care utilization among Hispanic/Latino survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer
Authors: Choi Eunju , Berkman Amy M. , Cheung Christabel K. , Betts Andrea C. , Salsman John M. , Andersen Clark R. , Ochoa‐Dominguez Carol Yesenia , Miller Kimberly , Milam Joel , Shah Ashna , Peterson Susan K. , Lu Qian , Livingston J. Andrew , Hildebrandt Michelle A. T. , Parsons Susan K. , Freyer David , Roth Michael E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeSurvivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer experience psychological distress and insufficient access to mental health care. Few studies have investigated racial/ethnic disparities in psychological health outcomes in this population. This study compared psychological distress, mental health care use, and inability to afford mental health care between Hispanic/Latino survivors of AYA cancer and Hispanic/Latino controls.MethodsThe National Health Interview Survey data (2010–2018) were analyzed to identify Hispanic/Latino survivors of AYA cancer and Hispanic/Latino age‐ and sex‐matched non‐cancer controls. Sociodemographic, chronic health, modifiable factors, and psychological outcomes were compared using chi‐square tests. Logistic regression models with survey weights were used to assess the log‐odds of psychological distress in relation to covariates, along with the cancer group. Interactions were evaluated between each variable and cancer group.ResultsThe study included 370 Hispanic/Latino survivors of AYA cancer (mean time since diagnosis = 12.34 years) and 3700 Hispanic/Latino controls. Compared to controls, survivors were more likely to report moderate/severe distress (OR = 2.23, p < 0.001), use of mental health care (OR = 2.11, p < 0.001) and inability to afford mental health care (OR = 3.05, p < 0.001). Forty‐one percent of survivors reported moderate/severe distress and only 16% utilized mental health care. Among survivors, having more than two chronic health conditions and public insurance (compared to private insurance) were associated with the presence of moderate/severe distress. Among survivors experiencing moderate/severe distress, lack of insurance was associated with decreased utilization of mental health care.ConclusionsHaving cancer as an AYA may exacerbate disparities in psychological health within the Hispanic/Latino population.
Aluminum particle agglomeration characteristics and suppression method during the combustion of aluminum‐based solid propellants: A review
Authors: Liao Xueqin , Pei Jiangfeng , Xie Peini , Hu Yiwen , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAluminum is widely used in solid rocket propellants to improve the energy performance of the propellant. However, during propellant combustion, aluminum particles may agglomerate, resulting in slag deposition, incomplete combustion of metal particles, increased two‐phase flow losses, and reduced motor specific impulse. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance and engineering value to understand the agglomeration mechanism of aluminum particles and to explore the method of agglomeration suppression. Based on this, this paper firstly briefly introduced the agglomeration process of aluminum particles during propellant combustion. Subsequently, factors influencing the agglomeration of aluminium particles were analysed. The influencing factors can be roughly divided into two aspects: propellant‘s own formulation and external environment. Immediately afterwards, the existing agglomeration suppression methods were emphasized and summarized and analyzed. Presently, agglomeration suppression methods can be broadly classified into four categories, namely, conventional formulation optimization, use of aluminum nanoparticles, and modification of aluminum particles using fluorine‐containing compounds or alloy particles. Finally, several directions that need to be focused on in the future are proposed to address the problems in the study of aluminum particle agglomeration suppression methods.
The coordination chemistry of nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide
Authors: de Bolster M.W.G. , Groeneveld W.L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA number of new solvates and adducts containing nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide are reported. The solvates have the general formula M{[(CH3)2N]2‐P(O)N(CH3)P(O)[N(CH3)2]2}n2+(BF4)22−, in which M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd, n = 3, except for the Cu(II) compound, in which n = 2. The adducts have the general formula M(anion)2{[(CH3)2N]2P(O)N(CH3)P(O)[N(CH3)2]2}m, in which M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni. Cu, Zn and Cd, m= 1 − 3, and the anions are CI−, Br−, I−. NO3− and NCS−.The compounds are characterized and identified by chemical analysis and physical measurements.Infrared spectra in the 4000‐200 cm−1 region have been investigated. A tentative assignment is proposed and the shifts of some ligand bands upon complexing are discussed. It is concluded that coordination takes place via the oxygen atoms.Ligand‐field spectra for the complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(Il) and Cu(II) have been investigated. Values for Dq and B are reported.X‐ray powder patterns were used in combination with ligand‐field and anionvibrational spectra to deduce the coordination around the metal ions.It is concluded that, in spite of the low position of nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide in the spectrochemical and nephelauxetic series, the complexes are very stable, owing to a chelation effect.The tendency of this ligand to form octahedrally solvated cations is reflected in the behaviour of the magnesium and nickel compounds, in which the moiety M(ligand)32+ is frequently found.
Uroprotective effects of berberine and curcumin in cyclophosphamide‐induced interstitial cystitis
Authors: Demir Murat , Altındağ Fikret 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of berberine (BER) and curcumin (CUR) in the experimental model of cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). A total of 36 Wistar‐Albino female rats were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Normal control group, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, CYP group (75 mg/kg), CYP + BER (75 mg/kg CYP and 50 mg/kg BER), CYP + CUR group (75 mg/kg CYP and 50 mg/kg CUR), CYP + BER + CUR group (75 mg/kg CYP and 50 mg/kg BER and 50 mg/kg CUR). Severe edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, necrosis, and thinning of the epithelial layer were observed in the CYP group. BER and CUR treatment significantly reduced these pathologies. Masson‐Trichrome staining was severe in the CYP group and moderate in the CYP + BER, CYP + CUR, and CYP + BER + CUR groups. In the CYP group, there was a severe expression of caspase‐3, TNF‐α and IL‐6, and mild expression of IL‐10. BER and CUR treatment decreased the expression of caspase‐3, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 and increased the expression of IL‐10. The findings of the study reveal that BER and CUR treatments may reduce CYP‐induced bladder damage by reducing apoptosis and inflammation and ameliorating histopathological changes.
Mechanisms underlying the combination effect of arsenite and high‐fat diet on aggravating liver injury in mice
Authors: Ye Zijun , Xiong Haiyan , Huang Liping , Zhao Qianyu , Xiong Zhu , Zhang Hongguo , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArsenic (As) is a highly toxic metalloid that can be found in insufficiently purified drinking water and exerts adverse effects on the physiology of living organisms that can negatively affect human health after subchronic exposure, causing several diseases, such as liver damage. A high‐fat diet, which is increasing in frequency worldwide, can aggravate hepatic pathology. However, the mechanisms behind liver injury caused by the combinatory effects of As exposure and a high‐fat diet remain unclear. In this study, we investigated such underlying mechanisms by focusing on three different aspects: As biotransformation, pathological liver damage, and differential expression of signaling pathway components. We employed mice that were fed a regular diet or a high‐fat diet and exposed them to a range of arsenite concentrations (As(III), 0.05–50 mg/L) for 12 weeks. Our results showed that a high‐fat diet increased the absorption of As into the liver and enhanced liver toxicity, which became progressively more severe as the As concentration increased. Co‐exposure to a high‐fat diet and As(III) activated PI3K/AKT and PPAR signaling as well as fatty acid metabolism pathways. In addition, the expression of proteins related to lipid cell function, lipid metabolism, and the regulation of body weight was also affected. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms that contribute to liver injury from subchronic combinatory exposure to As and a high‐fat diet and showcases the importance of a healthy lifestyle, which may be of particular benefit to people living in areas with high As(III) concentrations, as a means to reduce or prevent aggravated liver damage.
Anaesthetic mortality in dogs: A worldwide analysis and risk assessment
Authors: Redondo José I. , Otero Pablo E. , Martínez‐Taboada Fernando , Doménech Luis , Hernández‐Magaña Eva Zoe , Viscasillas Jaime 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnsuring patient safety during small animal anaesthesia is crucial. This study aimed to assess anaesthetic‐related deaths in dogs globally, identify risks and protective factors and inform clinical practice.MethodsThis prospective cohort multicentric study involved 55,022 dogs from 405 veterinary centres across various countries. Data on anaesthesia‐related deaths from premedication to 48 hours post‐extubation were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyse patient demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, procedure type and anaesthetic drugs used.ResultsAnaesthetic‐related mortality was 0.69%. Most deaths occurred postoperatively (81%). Age, obesity and a higher ASA classification score were associated with increased mortality. Urgent procedures, non‐urgent but unscheduled anaesthesias and short procedures also had higher mortality. Some sedatives, systemic analgesics, hypnotics and the use of locoregional anaesthesia were linked to a decrease in mortality.LimitationsThe limitations of the study include the non‐randomised sample, potential selection bias, lack of response rate quantification, variable data quality control, subjectivity in classifying causes of death and limited analysis of variables.ConclusionCareful patient evaluation, drug selection and monitoring can be associated with reduced mortality. These findings can be used to develop guidelines and strategies to improve patient safety and outcomes. Further research is needed to refine protocols, enhance data quality systems and explore additional risk mitigation measures.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the new zinc borate Zn6.1B6O19H7.8
Authors: Ziegler Raimund , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe new zinc borate Zn6.1B6O19H7.8 was synthesized via a high‐pressure/high‐temperature multianvil approach at 10 GPa and 1573 K. The structure of the non‐centrosymmetric compound was investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements, exhibiting (BO4), (ZnO5), and (ZnO6) units including a distinct disorder on a part of the zinc and boron sites. The IR spectroscopic data on the bulk material confirm the presence of hydroxyl groups in this new borate.
The Bread Wheat Reference Genome Sequence
Authors: Rogers Jane ,   International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2018, the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium published a reference genome sequence for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The landmark achievement was the culmination of a thirteen-year international effort focused on the production of a genome sequence linked to genotypic and phenotypic maps to advance understanding of traits and accelerate improvements in wheat breeding. In this chapter, we describe the challenges of the project, the strategies employed, how the project adapted over time to incorporate technological improvements in genome sequencing and the project outcomes.
Rapid Cloning of Disease Resistance Genes in Wheat
Authors: Running Katherine L. D. , Faris Justin D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWheat is challenged by rapidly evolving pathogen populations, resulting in yield losses. Plants use innate immune systems involving the recognition of pathogen effectors and subsequent activation of defense responses to respond to pathogen infections. Understanding the genes, genetic networks, and mechanisms governing plant-pathogen interactions is key to the development of varieties with robust resistance whether through conventional breeding techniques coupled with marker selection, gene editing, or other novel strategies. With regards to plant-pathogen interactions, the most useful targets for crop improvement are the plant genes responsible for pathogen effector recognition, referred to as resistance (R) or susceptibility (S) genes, because they govern the plant’s defense response. Historically, the molecular identification of R/S genes in wheat has been extremely difficult due to the large and repetitive nature of the wheat genome. However, recent advances in gene cloning methods that exploit reduced representation sequencing methods to reduce genome complexity have greatly expedited R/S gene cloning in wheat. Such rapid cloning methods referred to as MutRenSeq, AgRenSeq, k-mer GWAS, and MutChromSeq allow the identification of candidate genes without the development and screening of high-resolution mapping populations, which is a highly laborious step often required in traditional positional cloning methods. These new cloning methods can now be coupled with a wide range of wheat genome assemblies, additional genomic resources such as TILLING populations, and advances in bioinformatics and data analysis, to revolutionize the gene cloning landscape for wheat. Today, 58 R/S genes have been identified with 42 of them having been identified in the past six years alone. Thus, wheat researchers now have the means to enhance global food security through the discovery of R/S genes, paving the way for rapid R gene deployment or S gene elimination, manipulation through gene editing, and understanding wheat-pathogen interactions at the molecular level to guard against crop losses due to pathogens.
Haplotype Mapping Coupled Speed Breeding in Globally Diverse Wheat Germplasm for Genomics-Assisted Breeding
Authors: Roychowdhury Rajib , Ullah Naimat , Ozturk-Gokce Z. Neslihan , Budak Hikmet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis century is facing huge challenges such as climate change, water shortage, malnutrition, and food safety and security across the world. These challenges can only be addressed by (i) the deliberate application and utilization of cutting-edge technologies and (ii) combining/using interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and even transdisciplinary tools and methods. For scientists to respond to these challenges in a timely manner, it is required the adoption of new tools and technologies and then transforming the technological outcomes into “knowledge”. It is highly unlikely that we could maintain or meet the demands in year 2050 unless we use scientific and technological resources effectively and efficiently. Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches combined with all available tools are integral for academic and industry programs. This chapter summarizes wheat breeding and genetics coupled with genomics and speed breeding tools to assist with crop development and improvement.
Wheat Chromosomal Resources and Their Role in Wheat Research
Authors: Šimková Hana , Cápal Petr , Doležel Jaroslav 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on more area of land than any other crop, and its global significance is challenged only by rice. Despite the socioeconomic importance, the wheat genome research was lagging behind other crops for a long time. It was mainly a high complexity of the genome, polyploidy and a high content of repetitive elements that were laying obstacles to a thorough genome analysis, gene cloning and genome sequencing. Solution to these problems came in the beginning of the new millennium with the emergence of chromosome genomics—a new approach to studying complex genomes after dissecting them into smaller parts—single chromosomes or their arms. This lossless complexity reduction, enabled by flow-cytometric chromosome sorting, reduced the time and cost of the experiment and simplified downstream analyses. Since the approach overcomes difficulties due to sequence redundancy and the presence of homoeologous subgenomes, the chromosomal genomics was adopted by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) as the major strategy to sequence bread wheat genome. The dissection of the wheat genome into single chromosomes enabled the generation of chromosome survey sequences and stimulated international collaboration on producing a reference-quality assembly by the clone-by-clone approach. In parallel, the chromosomal resources were used for marker development, targeted mapping and gene cloning. The most comprehensive approaches to gene cloning, such as MutChromSeq and assembly via long-range linkage, found their use even in the post-sequencing era. The chapter provides a two-decade retrospective of chromosome genomics applied in bread wheat and its relatives and reports on the chromosomal resources generated and their applications.
Genome-Informed Discovery of Genes and Framework of Functional Genes in Wheat
Authors: Rasheed Awais , Qayyum Humaira , Appels Rudi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe complete reference genome of wheat was released in 2018 (IWGSC in Science 361:eaar7191, 2018), and since then many wheats genomic resources have been developed in a short period of time. These resources include resequencing of several hundred wheat varieties, exome capture from thousands of wheat germplasm lines, large-scale RNAseq studies, and complete genome sequences with de novo assemblies of 17 important cultivars. These genomic resources provide impetus for accelerated gene discovery and manipulation of genes for genetic improvement in wheat. The groundwork for this prospect includes the discovery of more than 200 genes using classical gene mapping techniques and comparative genomics approaches to explain moderate to major phenotypic variations in wheat. Similarly, QTL repositories are available in wheat which are frequently used by wheat genetics researchers and breeding communities for reference. The current wheat genome annotation is currently lagging in pinpointing the already discovered genes and QTL, and annotation of such information on the wheat genome sequence can significantly improve its value as a reference document to be used in wheat breeding. We aligned the currently discovered genes to the reference genome, provide their position and TraesIDs, and present a framework to annotate such genes in future.