bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α‐Smooth muscle actin is expressed by fibroblastic cells of the ovine anterior cruciate ligament and its free tendon graft during remodeling
Authors: Weiler Andreas , Unterhauser Frank N. , Bail Hermann‐J. , Hüning Martin , Haas Norbert P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractContractile fibroblastic cells expressing the α‐smooth muscle actin isoform, so‐called myofibroblasts, have been identified to play a possible role during the healing of the medial collateral ligament by means of restoring the tissues in situ strain via extracellular matrix contraction. Recently, these cells have also been identified to be a normal part of the human anterior cruciate ligament. It has been hypothesized that myofibroblasts play a role in the wrinkling of the extracellular matrix. The goal of the present study was to identify myofibroblasts in the intact ovine anterior cruciate ligament and a free autologous tendon graft during remodeling after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In 36 mature merino sheep the anterior cruciate ligament was replaced with an ipsilateral Achilles tendon split graft. Midsubstance tissue samples were immunostained for α‐smooth muscle actin at 6, 9, 12, 24, 52, and 104 weeks. Myofibroblasts were identified in the intact ovine anterior cruciate ligament as well as in the Achilles tendon graft prior to implantation. During remodeling the first myofibroblasts were found at six weeks within newly formed fiber bundles. At 24, 52, and 104 weeks myofibroblast distribution and cell density were similar to those of the intact ovine anterior cruciate ligament. These findings indicate that α‐smooth muscle actin containing fibroblastic cells are a regular part of the intact as well as the remodeled anterior cruciate ligament. There is evidence that myofibroblasts may be involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the mature ligament e.g., by means of crimp formation. The presence of these cells during the early remodeling may further indicate that α‐smooth muscle actin containing fibroblastic cells are involved in the earliest stages of fiber bundle formation. The role and function of this special cell type for the anterior cruciate ligament needs to be further clarified. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Human atrophic fracture non‐unions are not avascular
Authors: Reed A. A. C. , Joyner C. J. , Brownlow H. C. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA small proportion of fractures progress to non‐union. Non‐unions are routinely classified into two groups either hypertrophic or atrophic according to their radiological appearance. It is a common preconception that non‐unions with a hypertrophic appearance on X‐ray are biologically active and vascular with potential to heal given the correct stable environment. Atrophic non‐unions are considered to be avascular and inert and will not heal even under the correct stable environment. Non‐unions are either infected or aseptic. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that aseptic atrophic non‐unions are less vascular than aseptic hypertrophic non‐unions and healing fractures. Biopsies were taken from the fracture gap of patients with healing fractures, hypertrophic non‐unions and atrophic non‐unions. A dual labelling technique was used with antibodies against CD31 (JC70) and Collagen IV. Blood vessels were quantified using a Chalkley point eyepiece graticule. There was no statistically significant difference in the median vessel count between the three fracture groups. These findings do not support the hypothesis that established atrophic fracture non‐union are less vascular than hypertrophic non‐unions or healing fractures. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Titanium particles induce the immediate early stress responsive chemokines IL‐8 and MCP‐1 in osteoblasts
Authors: Fritz Elizabeth A. , Glant Tibor T. , Vermes Csaba , Jacobs Joshua J. , Roebuck Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExposure of human osteoblasts to ultrafine titanium (Ti) particles has been shown to alter osteoblast gene expression. We previously reported that Ti particles can increase IL‐6 release and suppress the gene expression of procollagens α1[I] and α1[III] in human osteoblasts. In this study, we now demonstrate that Ti particles can rapidly induce the chemotactic cytokines interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), two immediate early stress responsive chemokines important for the activation and chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages, respectively. In MG‐63 osteosarcoma cells and bone marrow derived primary osteoblasts Ti particles selectively increased the steady state levels of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 mRNA in a time and concentration dependent manner. The increased chemokine mRNA correlated with increased secretion of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 protein. Actinomycin D, a potent RNA polymerase II inhibitor, blocked the Ti particle induction of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 mRNA expression, whereas cycloheximide, which inhibits protein synthesis, failed to inhibit chemokine gene expression suggesting Ti particles directly target activation of chemokine gene transcription. Consistent with a transcriptional mechanism not involving new protein synthesis, we demonstrate that Ti particles induce the binding of the p65 and p50 subunits of the latent transcription factor NF‐κB to the IL‐8 gene promoter. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Ti particles can activate transcription of the stress responsive chemokine genes IL‐8 and MCP‐1 in human osteoblasts. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell outgrowth from the human ACL in vitro: regional variation and response to TGF‐β1
Authors: Murray Martha Meaney , Bennett Rebecca , Zhang Xiuying , Spector Myron 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOne of the new methods being developed to stimulate healing of the human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) after rupture is the implantation of a biodegradable scaffold which the host cells invade, populate and remodel. One of the cellular behaviors critical to the success of this method is cell outgrowth from the ligament remnants onto an adjacent scaffold. As morphological differences have been previously reported in the proximal and distal human ACL, the primary aim of this study was to determine if the cells from the proximal and distal ACL had different outgrowth behaviors as well. A second aim was to determine whether TGF‐β1, reported to be a mitogen for fibroblasts, would affect the outgrowth behaviors from the proximal and distal ACL. To achieve these aims, explants from both the proximal and distal human ACL were placed into culture under various conditions and outgrowth measured for 42 days. In explants cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum (high serum group) the explants from the proximal ACL had an earlier start of outgrowth than the distal explants (p < 0.015), and outgrowth rates were similar in the two groups. In explants cultured with 2% fetal bovine serum (low serum group), the explants from the proximal ACL had an earlier start to outgrowth (p < 0.003) as well as a faster rate of outgrowth (p < 0.004) than the distal explants. The addition of TGF‐β1 to the low serum cultures significantly slowed the rate of outgrowth from both groups of ACL explants (p < 0.025). These results suggest that outgrowth behaviors are different in the proximal and distal human ACL, and that TGB‐β1 has an inhibitory effect on cell outgrowth from ACL explants. However, this study is only a first step, and additional experiments are needed to further optimize tissue engineering parameters for enhancement of the repair of the ACL. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Intratendinous strain fields of the intact supraspinatus tendon: the effect of glenohumeral joint position and tendon region
Authors: Bey Michael J. , Song Hee Kwon , Wehrli Felix W. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRotator cuff tears are a common shoulder pathology and are hypothesized to relate to excessive tissue deformation. Few data exist, however, describing deformation of the rotator cuff as an intact, functional unit. Our purpose was to determine regional variations of intratendinous rotator cuff strain over a range of clinically relevant joint positions. A novel, MRI‐based technique was utilized to quantify intratendinous strains in cadaveric shoulder specimens at 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° of glenohumeral abduction in the scapular plane. The strain data were grouped into superior, middle, and inferior locations across the region where most rotator cuff tears occur clinically. A repeated measures ANOVA assessed the effects of joint position and tendon region on intratendinous strain. Few differences in intratendinous strain existed across tendon regions, but joint position had a pronounced effect. Specifically, intratendinous strain increased with increasing joint angle, and the 60° strain was significantly greater than the 15° strain across all tendon regions. These data suggest that joint position plays a larger role in rotator cuff mechanics than previously believed. Future studies will utilize this technique for quantifying intratendinous strain to assess the effects of partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Progressive surgical dissection for tendon transposition affects length‐force characteristics of rat flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Authors: Smeulders Mark J. C. , Kreulen Michiel , Joris Hage J. , Baan Guus C. , Huijing Peter A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExtramuscular connective tissue and muscular fascia have been suggested to form a myo‐fascial pathway for transmission of forces over a joint that is additional to the generally accepted myo‐tendinous pathway. The consequences of myo‐fascial force transmission for the outcome of conventional muscle tendon transfer surgery has not been studied as yet. To test the hypothesis that surgical dissection of a muscle will affect its length‐force characteristics, a study was undertaken in adult male Wistar rats. During progressive dissection of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, isometric length‐force characteristics were measured using maximal electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve. After fasciotomy, muscle active force decreased by approximately 20%. Further dissection resulted in additional decline of muscle active force by another 40% at maximal dissection. The muscle length at which the muscle produced maximum active force increased by approximately 0.7 mm (i.e. 14% of the measured length range) after dissection. It is concluded that, in rats, the fascia surrounding the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle is a major determinant of muscle length‐force characteristics. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Heart failure in frail elderly patients: diagnostic difficulties, co‐morbidities, polypharmacy and treatment dilemmas
Authors: Lien Christopher T.C. , Gillespie Neil D. , Struthers Allan D. , McMurdo Marion E.T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground:Heart failure (HF) is difficult to diagnose and treat in older patients. Symptoms may be non‐specific and the presence of co‐morbidities and polypharmacy complicate treatment strategies. There are, however, few data to quantify the extent of these problems in the very elderly.Methods:A retrospective study of 116 patients (median age 86; range 65–98) with an established diagnosis of HF during their hospital admission. Main outcome measures: the accuracy of diagnosis of heart failure according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) definition. The aetiology and frequency of associated co‐morbidities and the nature of drug treatment.Results:The specificities of clinical signs, chest X‐rays and abnormal ECGs for heart failure (ESC definition) were 50%, 20% and 9%, respectively. Only 28% of patients were admitted for worsening symptoms which could be attributed to HF. None of the patients had HF as their only medical problem. Co‐morbidities included chest disease (30%), incontinence (29%), cerebrovascular disease (26%), musculoskeletal problems (41%). Barthel (activities of daily living) score was ≤16/20 in 35%. Mental state questionnaire (MSQ) score was ≤7/10 in 38%. Ninety percent were taking four or more different medications. Thirty‐nine percent were on psychotropic drugs. On discharge, a total of 88% of patients returned home to live independently and 35% were monitored by regular day hospital attendance.Conclusion:Heart failure in frail elderly patients is often compounded by other major illnesses and polypharmacy which have a profound impact on their functional status. This has implications for the most effective targeting of evidence based treatment.
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a cardiac transplant recipient treated with carvedilol
Authors: Gardner Roy S. , McGowan James , McDonagh Theresa A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 49‐year‐old cardiac transplant recipient with idiopathic left ventricular systolic dysfunction was treated with carvedilol. After 8 months, his ejection fraction, measured by radionuclide ventriculography, had increased from 14 to 30% with an associated improvement in symptoms.
Is the elevated slope relating ventilation to carbon dioxide production in chronic heart failure a consequence of slow metabolic gas kinetics?
Authors: Witte Klaus K.A. , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivePatients with heart failure have slow metabolic gas exchange kinetics, which may contribute to the elevated slope of the relationship between ventilation and carbon dioxide production (Ve/Vco2 slope).SettingA tertiary referral centre for cardiology.SubjectsEleven patients with stable chronic heart failure and 11 age‐matched controls.DesignEach subject underwent maximal bicycle‐based peak exercise testing with metabolic gas exchange analysis and three further repeated tests at 15%, 25% and 50% of the load achieved at peak exercise. The ventilation and carbon dioxide production from each of these steady‐state tests was used to re‐calculate the Ve/Vco2 slope and compared with the Ve/Vco2 slope derived from the maximal test.ResultsPeak oxygen consumption [mean (S.D.)] was lower in heart failure patients [18.2 (4.0) vs. 31.2 (6.3) ml/kg per min; P<0.001] than in controls. The Ve/Vco2 slope was steeper in patients than controls [32.7 (8.3) vs. 27.1 (1.6); P<0.05]. There was no difference between the Ve/Vco2 slope reconstructed from the three steady state tests and resting data and that gained from the maximal test [35.3 (7.8) vs. 25.9 (3.2); P‐0.43].ConclusionsThe elevated slope of the relationship between ventilation and carbon dioxide production is not a consequence of the short stages of a standard incremental exercise test combined with delayed metabolic gas kinetics in heart failure patients.
Cutaneous electrical stimulation may enhance sensorimotor recovery in chronic stroke
Authors: Peurala S H , Pitkänen K , Sivenius J , Tarkka I M 
Published: October 2002

Objective: To investigate whether cutaneous electrical stimulation has a role in the enhancement of sensorimotor function in chronic stroke. Subjects and setting: Fifty-nine patients with chronic stroke received cutaneous stimulation during their three-week-long inpatient rehabilitation. Thirty-two received active treatment in the paretic hand and eight received no-current placebo treatment in the paretic hand. Nineteen patients received active stimulation of the paretic foot. None received stimulation in both upper and lower limbs. Intervention: Cutaneous stimulation was delivered twice daily via a special glove/sock electrode. Main outcome measures: Modified Motor Assessment Scale, 10-metre walking test, paretic limb function, limb skin sensation and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were performed before and after the treatment. Results: Modified Motor Assessment Scale ( p < 0.001), 10-metre walking test ( p < 0.05), paretic hand function ( p < 0.01), upper limb skin sensation ( p < 0.01) and SEP normality classification of paretic upper limb ( p < 0.01) and paretic lower limb ( p < 0.5) improved significantly in the treatment group ( n = 51) after three weeks of stimulation. When active hand treatment and placebo hand treatment were compared, a significant improvement in the sensory and motor function was observed only in the actively treated group. Conclusions: Cutaneous stimulation had positive effects in the motor performance, limb sensation and the configuration of SEP of the paretic limb in chronic stroke patients.
Enzyme recovery during gas/liquid two‐phase flow microfiltration of enzyme/yeast mixtures
Authors: Mercier‐Bonin Muriel , Fonade Christian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of a gas/liquid two‐phase flow on the recovery of an enzyme was evaluated and compared with standard crossflow operation when confronted with the microfiltration of a high‐fouling yeast suspension. Ceramic tubular and flat sheet membranes were used. At constant feed concentration (permeate recycling) and transmembrane pressure, the results obtained with the tubular membrane were dependent on the two‐phase flow pattern. In comparison with single‐phase flow performances at the same liquid velocity, the enzyme transmission was maintained at a high level with a bubble flow pattern but it decreased by 70% with a slug flow, whatever the flow rate ratio. Identical results were obtained with flat sheet membranes: for the highest flow rate ratio, the enzyme transmission was reduced by 70% even though the permeate flux was improved by 240%. During diafiltration experiments with the tubular membrane, it was found that a bubble flow pattern led to a 13% higher enzyme recovery compared to single‐phase flow conditions, whereas with a slug flow the enzyme recovery was strongly reduced. With bubble flow conditions, energy consumption was minimal, confirming that this flow pattern was the most suitable for enzyme recovery. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 610–621, 2002.
Rapid HPLC measurement of buflomedil in plasma in poisoning cases
Authors: Forfar‐Bares I. , Pehourcq F. , Jarry C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA rapid high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of buflomedil in human plasma is described. It requires a single liquid–liquid extraction step from 1 mL of plasma with diethyl ether followed by chromatography on a Nova Pak C18 reversed‐phase column and detection by ultaviolet light. Metoclopramide was used as internal standard. The method is sensitive with a quantification limit at 500 ng/mL. It was used for the determination of buflomedil in biological fluids in poisoning cases. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of special loading conditions by means of non‐linear constraints imposed through Lagrange multipliers
Authors: Gutiérrez M. A. , Askes H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses the necessity and handling of non‐linear constraint equations to describe the behaviour of properties of the loading system such as, e.g. smooth free‐rotating loading platens. An exact, non‐linear formulation for a smooth loading platen is derived and its incorporation into the equilibrium equations is presented. For this purpose, the Lagrange multiplier method is used. The solution of the equilibrium equations by means of a Newton–Raphson algorithm is also outlined. The proposed approach is validated on a patch of two finite elements and applied to a compression‐bending test on a pre‐notched specimen. It is observed that use of a linearized approximation of the boundary constraint can lead to errors in the description of the motion of the constrained nodes. Thus, the non‐linear formulation is preferable. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Problems associated with the use of Cayley transform and tangent scaling for conserving energy and momenta in the Reissner–Simo beam theory
Authors: Jelenić Gordan , Crisfield Michael A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractConservation of the total energy and the total momenta in time‐stepping schemes for non‐linear 3D beams of the Reissner–Simo type is achieved via a particular treatment of large 3D rotations, which involves a rotational update using Cayley transformation, an interpolation of incremental tangent‐scaled rotations and a non‐linear update formula for angular velocities. In this note we investigate the side‐effects of this procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regeneration of phenol‐saturated activated carbon in an electrochemical reactor
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Ye Liyi , Zhong Hui 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe regeneration of phenol‐saturated activated carbon in an electrochemical reactor was investigated in order to develop a novel regeneration method of activated carbon. The regeneration of spent activated carbon saturated with phenol was conducted in a stirred electrochemical reactor under different operating conditions. The influences of operating parameters, such as regeneration current intensity and time, on regeneration efficiency were systematically investigated. The regeneration efficiency can reach over 80% under continuous stirring in the reactor, and it only decreases by less than 5% after four regeneration cycles. Electrochemical regeneration in the stirred electrochemical reactor is shown to be an effective method for the regeneration of phenol‐saturated activated carbon with a much higher regeneration efficiency compared with a process using NaOH solution.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Fast and robust Delaunay tessellation in periodic domains
Authors: Thompson Karsten E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn algorithm is presented for constructing three‐dimensional Delaunay tessellations in periodic domains. Applications include mesh generation for periodic transport problems and geometric decomposition for modelling particulate structures. The algorithm is a point insertion technique, and although the general framework is similar to point insertion in a convex hull, a number of new issues are introduced by periodicity. These issues are discussed in detail in the context of the computational algorithm. Examples are given for the tessellation of random points and random sphere packings. Performance data for the algorithm are also presented. These data show an empirical scaling of the computation time with size of O(N1.11) and tessellation rates of 7000–14000 tetrahedrons per second for the problems studied (up to 105 points). A breakdown of the performance is given, which shows the computational load is shared most heavily by two specific parts of the point‐insertion procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current Awareness in prenatal diagnosis
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of prenatal diagnosis. Each bibliography is divided into 17 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General Interest; 3 Normal Fetal Development; 4 Gametogenesis and Pre‐implantation Diagnosis; 5 First Trimester Diagnosis; 6 Second Trimester Diagnosis; 7 Fetal Diagnosis by Ultrasound and Other Imaging; 8 Maternal Screening; 9 Screening for Carriers of Genetic Abnormality; 10 Technological Developments; 11 Confined Placental Mosaicism and Uniparental Disomy; 12 Molecular Cytogenetics; 13 Fetal Cells in Maternal Circulation; 14 Fetal Therapy; 15 Psychosocial Aspects; 16 Epidemiology and Environmental Factors; 17 Developmental Pathology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted