bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A widespread picornavirus affects the hemocytes of the noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis), leading to its immunosuppression
Authors: Carella Francesca , Prado Patricia , De Vico Gionata , Palić Dušan , Villari Grazia , García-March José Rafael , Tena-Medialdea José , Cortés Melendreras Emilio , Giménez-Casalduero Francisca , Sigovini Marco , Aceto Serena 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe widespread mass mortality of the noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) has occurred in several Mediterranean countries in the past 7 years. Single-stranded RNA viruses affecting immune cells and leading to immune dysfunction have been widely reported in human and animal species. Here, we present data linking P. nobilis mass mortality events (MMEs) to hemocyte picornavirus (PV) infection. This study was performed on specimens from wild and captive populations.MethodsWe sampled P. nobilis from two regions of Spain [Catalonia (24 animals) and Murcia (four animals)] and one region in Italy [Venice (6 animals)]. Each of them were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to describe the morphology and self-assembly of virions. Illumina sequencing coupled to qPCR was performed to describe the identified virus and part of its genome.Results and discussionIn 100% of our samples, ultrastructure revealed the presence of a virus (20 nm diameter) capable of replicating within granulocytes and hyalinocytes, leading to the accumulation of complex vesicles of different dimensions within the cytoplasm. As the PV infection progressed, dead hemocytes, infectious exosomes, and budding of extracellular vesicles were visible, along with endocytic vesicles entering other cells. The THC (total hemocyte count) values observed in both captive (eight animals) (3.5 × 104–1.60 × 105 ml−1 cells) and wild animals (14 samples) (1.90–2.42 × 105 ml−1 cells) were lower than those reported before MMEs. Sequencing of P. nobilis (six animals) hemocyte cDNA libraries revealed the presence of two main sequences of Picornavirales, family Marnaviridae. The highest number of reads belonged to animals that exhibited active replication phases and abundant viral particles from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. These sequences correspond to the genus Sogarnavirus—a picornavirus identified in the marine diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus (named C. tenuissimus RNA virus type II). Real-time PCR performed on the two most abundant RNA viruses previously identified by in silico analysis revealed positive results only for sequences similar to the C. tenuissimus RNA virus. These results may not conclusively identify picornavirus in noble pen shell hemocytes; therefore, further study is required. Our findings suggest that picornavirus infection likely causes immunosuppression, making individuals prone to opportunistic infections, which is a potential cause for the MMEs observed in the Mediterranean.
Functional identification of PGM1 in the regulating development and depositing of inosine monophosphate specific for myoblasts
Authors: Zhao Wei , Cai Zhengyun , Wei Chuanhao , Ma Xiaoping , Yu Baojun , Fu Xi , Zhang Tong , Gu Yaling , Zhang Juan 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundInosine monophosphate (IMP) is naturally present in poultry muscle and plays a key role in improving meat flavour. However, IMP deposition is regulated by numerous genes and complex molecular networks. In order to excavate key candidate genes that may regulate IMP synthesis, we performed proteome and metabolome analyses on the leg muscle, compared to the breast muscle control of 180-day-old Jingyuan chickens (hens), which had different IMP content. The key candidate genes identified by a differential analysis were verified to be associated with regulation of IMP-specific deposition.ResultsThe results showed that the differentially expressed (DE) proteins and metabolites jointly involve 14 metabolic pathways, among which the purine metabolic pathway closely related to IMP synthesis and metabolism is enriched with four DE proteins downregulated (with higher expression in breast muscles than in leg muscles), including adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1), pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) and phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), six DE metabolites, Hypoxanthine, Guanosine, L-Glutamine, AICAR, AMP and Adenylsuccinic acid. Analysis of PGM1 gene showed that the high expression of PGM1 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and inhibited the apoptosis of myoblasts. ELISA tests have shown that PGM1 reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and IMP and uric acid (UA), while enhancing the biosynthesis of hypoxanthine (HX). In addition, up-regulation of PGM1 inhibited the expression of purine metabolism pathway related genes, and promoted the IMP de novo and salvage synthesis pathways.ConclusionThis study preliminarily explored the mechanism of action of PGM1 in regulating the growth and development of myoblasts and specific IMP deposition in Jingyuan chickens, which provided certain theoretical basis for the development and utilization of excellent traits in Jingyuan chickens.
Diffusion tensor-based analysis of white matter in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Beckmann Katrin M. , Wang-Leandro Adriano , Steffen Frank , Richter Henning , Dennler Matthias , Bektas Rima , Carrera Ines , Haller Sven 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe understanding of epileptic seizure pathogenesis has evolved over time, and it is now generally accepted that not only are cortical and subcortical areas involved but also the connection of these regions in the white matter (WM). Recent human neuroimaging studies confirmed the involvement of the WM in several epilepsy syndromes. Neuroimaging studies investigating WM integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in canine idiopathic epilepsy are lacking. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that WM diffusion changes can be found in dogs affected by idiopathic epilepsy.MethodTwenty-six dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (15 Border Collies and 11 Greater Swiss Mountain dogs) and 24 healthy controls (11 Beagle dogs, 5 Border Collies, and 8 Greater Swiss Mountain dogs) were prospectively enrolled. Most dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (17/26) were enrolled within 3 months after seizure onset. Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain with 32 diffusion directions (low b value = 0 s/mm2; maximal b value = 800 s/mm2) was performed in a 3 Tesla scanner. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), a voxel-based approach, was used to investigate changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the idiopathic epilepsy group compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, FA and MD were investigated in the region of corpus callosum and cingulate white matter in both groups.ResultsWe observed subtle changes in WM DTI between the idiopathic epilepsy group and the healthy control group limited to cingulate WM, with a significantly lower FA in the idiopathic epilepsy group compared to the healthy control group in the region of interest (ROI) approach (p = 0.027). No significant changes were found between the idiopathic epilepsy group and the healthy control group in the TBSS analysis and in the corpus callosum in the ROI approach.ConclusionThis study supports the cingulate area as a target structure in canine epilepsy. The subtle changes only might be explained by the short duration of epilepsy, small sample sizes, and the higher variability in canine brain anatomy. Furthermore, all included dogs showed generalized tonic-clonic seizures, possibly affected by generalized epilepsy syndrome, which are also associated with less pronounced DTI changes in humans than focal epilepsy syndromes.
On the Scanlon Plan and Servant-Leadership
Authors: Davis Paul W. , Spears Larry C. 
Published: December 2023

For 75 years, Joe Scanlon, the Scanlon Plan, and Scanlon-led companies had a robust run in the world of business, aided by the Scanlon Leadership Network. Over time, the number of Scanlon companies declined, and in 2013 the Scanlon Leadership Network, Foundation, and Consultancy ceased to exist. And for the past 53 years, servant-leadership has been growing in practice and influence around the world. This article in The International Journal of Servant-Leadership is adapted from a book that we created and published in 2008 titled, Scanlon EPIC Leadership, published by the Scanlon Foundation. Sections of the paper include an overview of Scanlon thought, as well as servant-leadership; reflections on the significance of Scanlon by twenty leadership and business authors; commentary on Joe Scanlon by Warren Bennis; an analysis of the history of Scanlon practices by organizations, written by Paul W. Davis and Larry C. Spears; an Afterword by Max DePree; and, closing thoughts on the end of Scanlon companies after 75 years of practice.
Joe Scanlon, the originator of what came to be called the Scanlon Plan, and Robert K. Greenleaf who coined the term “servant-leader” have each had a profound influence on leadership and management practices. What was once radical ideas have entered the mainstream. The following essay will delve into the ongoing impact of Scanlon thought through employee involvement, teams, labor-management cooperation, gainsharing, goal-sharing, profit-sharing, suggestion systems, open-book management, lean techniques, and Theory Y management; and also, how servant-leadership continues to shape our understanding of what it means to serve first, and then to lead.
Infectious surgically induced necrotising scleritis presenting 10 years post-pterygium excision: a case report
Authors: Teoh Ru Jian Jonathan , Siti Aeisyah Binti Ayob , Lai Yin Peng , Rohanah Alias 
Published: December 2023

Background: Surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) is a rare sequela that may occur after ocular surgery. We report a case of infectious SINS as a complication of pterygium excision.
Case presentation: A 75-year-old man had undergone pterygium excision in the right eye and developed infectious SINS 10 years post-surgery. The sclera adjacent to the previous site of pterygium excision showed significant thinning with uveal show, complicated with signs of infection including purulent discharge, necrotic sclera, and hypopyon. Conjunctival swab culture yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Blood investigations demonstrated positive rheumatoid factor. The patient was successfully treated with a 2-week course of systemic and topical antibiotics with topical steroid.
Conclusion: SINS may develop post-pterygium excision. Early diagnosis and intervention prevent progression and further complications.
Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal Satgas COVID-19 dalam Menghadapi Stigma Negatif Pasien COVID-19 di RW 01 Kelurahan Kaliabang Tengah, Bekasi Utara
Authors: Widiantoro Aditya , Endah Nursyamsi Sari , Imaddudin Imaddudin 
Published: December 2023

Peningkatan jumlah kasus stigma dan prasangka meningkat di Indonesia sejak pertama kali kasus COVID-19 ini dilaporkan masuk Indonesia. Stigma negatif yang terjadi di RW 01 Kaliabang Tengah ini hingga ada warga yang ingin pindah atau mengungsi dari rumahnya karena rumahnya dekat dengan warga positif COVID-19 yang sedangmelakukan isolasi mandiri kemudian anggota keluarga yang negatif juga dikucilkan dari masyarakat. Stigma negatifmasyarakat terhadap COVID-19 ini tentunya memberikan hambatan atau gangguan komunikasi bagi warga yang sedang menjalankan isolasi mandiri, maka dari itu satgas penanganan COVID-19 mengedukasi masyarakat dengankomunikasi agar stigma negatif berkurang bahkan hilang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunikasi interpersonal Satgas penanganan COVID-19 RW 01 Kelurahan Kaliabang Tengah dalam menghadapi stigma masyarakat bagi pasien COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal yang digunakan Satgas yakni komunikasi linear, komunikasi interaksional, dan komunikasi transaksional, namun pola komunikasi yang lebih baik untuk dilakukan Satgas RW 01Kelurahan Kaliabang Tengah ini, yakni pola komunikasi interaksional berupa penyampaian pesan nasihat kepadamasyarakat dengan contoh pengalaman Satgas menangani warga positif yang telah negatif. Dapat dikatakan demikian karena komunikasi interaksional yang terjadi secara terus-menerus mendapatkan (feedback) umpan balik yang positif untuk menghadapi stigma negatif warga terhadap COVID-19 dan warga yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19
Trade Policy of the «Nowgorodfahrer» from Lübeck in the Late 15th Century
Authors: Ushakov Artem 
Published: December 2023

The article presents an analysis of Hanseatic documentation to define specifics of the trading strategy of the «Nowgorodfahrer» from Lübeck guild in the late 15th century. The traditional Hanseatic-Russian exchange of merchandise where the
Lübeck people trading with the Russians exclusively being brokered by of the Livonians, during the period in question finally became incompatible with growing interests of Lübeck corporation, and this is the reason why the «Nowgorodfather» made an attempt to change it by reducing the privileges of Livonian merchants and received active countermeasures of the town council of Reval (Tallinn) in return for. At the same time,
the guild’s impact on the Hanseatic branch in Brügge increased, which makes it possible to draw conclusion that the representtives of «Nowgorodfather» were poised to take control of the Brügge-Novgorod merchandise transit. It was essential to recall that the considered events took place in the period of weakening of the Hanseatic-Russian trade. Contrary to established opinion in historiography, the author reasons that in the late 15th century, the trade with Novgorod was not overtaken by events either for the Lübeck people or for the Livonians. This position is also confirmed by the amount of costs of the «Nowgorodfather» for embassies to Moscow and other costs connected with actions focused on the resume of Hanseatic-Russian trade.
The Image of a Woman in White in Oral Narratives about the Great Patriotic War: Motives, Plots, Functions
Authors: Litsareva Alexandra 
Published: December 2023

The subject of the study in the article is the image of a woman in white and its modifications. The material was actually oral narratives about the Great Patriotic War, as well as their transformation in artistic and journalistic articles. The
relevance is due to the fact that, despite the frequent appeal of scientists to this image, it is not fully described. The purpose of the analysis is to systematize views on the genesis and interpretation of this character (from the personification of
diseases, death, war to the appearance of the saint or the Virgin), highlighting the main functions, images, motives and plots. Also, this work describes the characteristic features of a woman in white (appearance, actions and their consequences). The question of the origin of this character continues to be debatable,
in connection with which various interpretations are given. In addition, the analysis of the woman in white as a character of modern urban folklore (primarily among young people) is given, some parallels are drawn with similar characters
in other cultures (Yuki-onna, banshee), which can become an interesting perspective for the development of the topic, especially in the perspective of comparison with the plots of traditional folklore.
Subjective Word Formation in Smolensk Dialect: Word-formation Type with the Suffix -k(a)
Authors: Lunkova Ekaterina 
Published: December 2023

The subject of the study in the article is the word-formation type of subjective dialect nouns that have a specific subject meaning and are formed with the suffix -k(a). The word-formation type includes words recorded on the territory of the Smolensk region from the end of the XIX century to the present. The type under
consideration as an independent word-formation unit is of particular interest in the field of dialect word-formation, since the nouns included in it were formed using the suffix -k(a), which is widely used in the Russian language, while dialect
adjectives clearly show all the specifics of dialect word formation proper: filling the type with nouns belonging to a variety of semantic groups; wide involvement of not only typical Russian, but also dialect words as generating bases; the special
role of derived words with a complicated word-formation structure within the type. The significance of the conducted research is emphasized by a large number of derived nouns formed from adjectives and words used in Smolensk dialects as
adjectives (passive participles), with one or more suffixes, i.e. located at different stages of the derivation process; this circumstance indicates the complex structure of the dialect word-formation system of Smolensk dialects
The German Threat and Discussions about European Unions:
Features of the Liberal Political and Ideological Continuity
of the Leaders of the Liberal Party from W. Gladstone to G. Asquith
in the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries
Authors: Boyko Oleg 
Published: December 2023

The subject of the research is the foreign policy of Great Britain in the late 19th – early 20th centuries and the continuity of the foreign policy course of liberal political figures. The purpose of the analysis is the views and activities of significant British liberal politicians on foreign policy issues against the background of the transformation of the philosophy of liberalism and unprecedented
competition in colonial expansion among major European powers. A number of trends in the development of the political and ideological course of the Liberal Party of Great Britain are demonstrated - a quick rejection of the policy of
«Splendid Isolation» to the search for friendly powers on the European continent and the direct influence of liberal-imperialist circles on changing the foreign policy strategy. The study of sources confirms that as part of the evolution of the philosophy of liberalism at the end of the 19th century, the idea of the foreign
policy of Great Britain in the circles of liberal politicians of the country also changed. The author comes to the conclusion that after W. Gladstone left power, the liberals hastened to move away from the policy of «Splendid Isolation». A. Rosebery tried to maintain a balance of power, but, as an adherent of liberal
imperialism, he actively used military force, not striving to be the first to establish friendship with anyone in Europe. During the period of opposition 1896-1905 not only liberal-imperialists such as E. Grey, H. Asquith, R. Haldane, but also pacifists such as H. Campbell-Bannerman came to the conclusion that a world conflict was inevitable against the backdrop of growing disagreements with Germany and the need to choose an ally in Europe.
Attributive Structure of the Lyrical Cycles «Angel of Armenia»
by Sergei Gorodetskyand «Armenia» by Osip Mandelstam
Authors: Andreev Sergey 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the attributive structure of two poetic collections of well-known authors – «The Angel of Armenia» by Sergei Gorodetsky and «Armenia» by Osip Mandelstam. These poems occupy an important place among the works of Russian poets about Armenia, making it possible to form the perception of the history and culture of Armenia, its artistic representation in Russian poetry.
The article sets the task of a quantitative analysis of the distribution and nature of the use of attributes of various types. Attribute types are determined by the part-of-speech filling of the syntactic position of the definition and by its position relative to the word being defined.
In the course of the study, various statistical methods were used, which include the chi-square test, correlation coefficients, variance, Euclidean distance.
As a result of the analysis, data were obtained that characterize the authors' approaches to the description, similarities and differences in the distribution of various types of attributes, the degree of intensity of the description, the level of inversion of attributive structures.
Nitrogen-displacement-related recombination centers generated by electron beam irradiation in n-type and p-type homoepitaxial GaN layers
Authors: Endo Meguru , Horita Masahiro , Suda Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recombination centers originating from point defects generated by the displacement of N atoms in n-type and p-type GaN were investigated by analyzing Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination currents in homoepitaxial GaN p–n junctions. These defects were intentionally generated by electron beam (EB) irradiation at 137 keV. The net doping concentrations in p+–n junction diodes were not changed following irradiation although the levels in p–n+ junction diodes decreased as the EB fluence was increased. The SRH recombination current also increased with increases in the fluence. This work additionally evaluated the relationship between recombination lifetimes and trap concentrations obtained by deep level transient spectroscopy.
Pulsed sputtering selective epitaxial formation of highly degenerate n-type GaN ohmic contacts for GaN HEMT applications
Authors: Maeda Ryota , Ueno Kohei , Fujioka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study describes the selective formation process of highly degenerate n-type GaN (d-GaN) ohmic contacts for the source and drain regions of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) using pulsed sputtering deposition (PSD). The selective formation process using SiO2 masks and PSD epitaxial growth enabled the uniform formation of d-GaN in micron-meter size. The optimally formed d-GaN exhibited a minimum resistivity as low as 0.16 mΩ·cm, an electron concentration of 3.6 × 1020 cm−3, and a mobility of 108 cm2 V−1 s−1. Transmission-line-method measurements demonstrated that the contact resistance of GaN HEMTs with d-GaN regrowth contacts was remarkably low at 0.28 Ω·mm, leading to the reasonable DC output characteristics with an on-resistance of 2.8 Ω·mm and a maximum current density of 850 mA mm−1. These findings suggest that PSD epitaxial regrowth of d-GaN is a promising approach for the high-throughput formation of low-resistivity ohmic contacts on large-area GaN HEMT wafers.
Housing with care: queer geographies and the right to the city of LGBTQ+ urban communities. The Co-housing Queerinale/Agapanto project (Rome)
Authors: Marocco Anna 
Published: December 2023

Feminist geography and epistemologies, since their beginnings, have encouraged us to start again from our bodies as situated geographies, from their experiences and embodied knowledge, to expose the power relations produced by the capitalist heteropatriarchal order and imprinted in the surrounding spaces. The body represents both the privileged dimension from which dynamics of violence, oppression and exploitation are experienced, and the place where new counter-hegemonic practices and forms of embodied knowledge may be produced. Starting with the notion of Wasteocene (2021) – an era marked by the continuous production of cast-off people, communities and places – by the landscape historian Marco Armiero, I will cross some toxic narratives typical of our society, all dear to neoliberal carelessness that inexorably produce waste and marginality. Opposed to these toxic discursive relations and constructions are the commoning practices, as those collective practices that simultaneously generate common goods and communities oriented towards care and inclusion. Along this path, I will present the Queerinale project promoted by the Agapanto Association for the conversion of a disused public building into a collaborative housing for LGBTQ+ elderly in the city of Rome, to re-signify our housing models and suggest new orientations for public policies.