bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural changes in the oviductal wall during passage of unfertilized cumulus‐Oocyte complexes in mice
Authors: Sato Eimei , Ando Naoko , Takahashi Yuji , Miyamoto Hajime , Toyoda Yutaka 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Little information is available on the structural relationship of cumulus‐oocyte complexes and the oviductal Wall during the transport of cumulus‐oocyte complexes.Methods: To this end, morphological changes of the oviductal wall during the passage of unfertilized cumulus‐oocyte complexes were examined chronologically in ICR mice 25–27 days of age ijnected with PMSG and hCG. Mice were sacrificed at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 24 hr after the injection of hCG to remove oviducts, and the height of mucosal folds, muscle ayers, and epithelial cells waas measured in the serial sectios stained with hematoxylineosin or colloidal iron.Results: The height of the mucoal fold and muscle layer where cumulusoocyte complexes were located was less tan that of the adjacent portions. At 12–18 hr of hCG injection (∼2–8 hr after ovulation), the ova with surrounding cumulus cells lie free in a wide lumen, and the muscular tissue consists of only 2 or 3 layers of cells, arranged mostly longitudinally. However, a neighboring portion without cumulus‐oocyte complexes, where the folds meet in the middle, appreciably restricts the free space in the lumen. After 24 hr of hCG administration, structural changes in the oviductal wall, where cumulus‐oocyte complexes were located, were no longer aparent. The number of cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte decreased during the passage through the oviduct. AT 12–18 hr after hCG injetion, ∼140 cells were identified in the largest cros section of a cumulus‐oocyte complex, but after 24 hr of hCG administration (∼14 hr after ovuluation), an oocyte was surrounded with only (∼14 hr after ovulation), an oocyte was srrounded with only ∼25 cells.Conclusions: These results indicate that oocyte‐cumulus cell complexes influence the structure of the oviductal wall during the passage in the oviduct. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric analysis of the renal veins
Authors: Satyapal K. S. , Rambiritch V. , Pillai G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Although the vascularistion of the kidney has been the topic of repeated anatomical investgations, statistical analses, and descriptions, it is suprising of find that there is no unanimity in the literature reagarding its detailed morphometry. This information acquires special surgical significance, e.g., ub renal trnasplantation and “shunt” surgery. The purpose of this study was to detail the measurements of the left and rightrenal veins in morphologicallu normal kidneys.Method: This study detailed the measurments of the renal veins in 100 pairs of morphologically normal cadaveric kidneys. Resub casts of the venous system were prepared and various sagments of the renal veins were measured.Results: The length and diameters of the renal veins were;‐left:5.9±1.5cm and 1.2±0.2cm and right:2.4±0.7cm and 1.2±0.2cm, respectively. The left renal vein comprised a proximal segment (length:2.6cm;diameter:1.1cm)anda distal segment (length:3.2cm:diameter;1.2cm).Conclusions: This morphometric analysis of the renal veins, which coroboorates and augments and previous anatomical studies, has embryological and surgical significance. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial distribution of muscle fibers
Authors: Venema Henk W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe analysis of Gates and Betz (1993 Anat. Rec., 236:381–389) of the spatial distribution of two different populations of muscle fibers in the lumbrical muscle of the rat is discussed. The conclusion that muscle fibers belonging to a single motor unit are distributd at random in most muscles appears to need reconsideration. A new technique is applied to some examples to show that the amount of clustering of fiber types in a muscle cross section can be quantified. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of blood group‐related glycoconjugates in the junctional and other oral epithelia of rodents
Authors: Mackenzie Ian C. , Dabelsteen E. , Rittman G. , Junggren L. , Toh H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The junctional epithelium (JE) attaches the gingiva to the non‐vital tooth surface and has other unusual properties which protect the underlying periodontal tissues. The JE differs from other gingival and oral epithelia in its unusual expression of cytokeratins typical of both stratifying and of simple èpithelia, a phenotypic pattern possibly related to its specialized functions.Methods: The patterns of differentiation of rodent gingival and other epithelia were examined using monoclonal antibodies against various glycoconjugates which are expressed on epithelial cell surfaces and provide an alternative marker system for regionally‐differing patterns of cell maturation.Results: Markers that are typical of basal cells in other stratifying epithelia were expressed by all cell strata of JE. JE lacked differentiation markers typical of other stratifying oral epithelia but showed suprabasal expression of markers typically expressed by simple epithelia and specialized epithelia, such as taste buds.Conclusions: The phenotype of rodent JE differs from that of other oral epithelia and the pattern of differentiation assessed by its expression of glycoconjugates parallels that for other phenotypic markers, such as cytokeratins. Differentiation of rodent JE is similar to that of human JE. The functional significance of these patterns of expression is not yet clear but the markers characterizing this unusual epithelium in rodents may be associated with its behavior in periodontal disease and of value to experimental studies of its development.© 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural changes in the oviductal wall during the passage of unfertilized cumulus‐oocyte complexes in mice
Authors: Sato Eimei , Ando Naoki , Takahashi Yuji , Miyamoto Hajime , Toyoda Yutaka 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Little information is available on the structural relationship of cumulus‐oocyte complexes and the oviductal wall during the transport of cumulus‐oocyte complexes. Then, morphological changes of the oviductal wall during the passage of unfertilized cumulus‐oocyte complexes was examined chronologically in ICR mice 25–27 days of age injected with PMSG and hCG.Methods: Mice were sacrificed at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 24 hr after the injection of hCG to remove oviducts, and the height of mucosal folds, muscle layers, and epithelial cells were measured in the serial section stained with hematoxylin‐eosin or colloidal iron.Results: The height of the mucosal fold and muscle layer where cumulus‐oocyte complexes were located was less than that of the adjacent portions. At 12–18 hr of hCG injection (about 2–8 hr after ovulation), the ova with surrounding cumulus cells lie free in a wide lumen, and the muscular tissue consists of only 2 or 3 layers of cells, arranged mostly longitudinally. However, a neighboring portion without cumulus‐oocyte complexes, where the folds meet in the middle, appreciably restricts the free space in the lumen. After 24 hr of hCG administration, structural changes in the oviductal wall, where cumulus‐oocyte complexes were located, were no longer apparent. The number of cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte decreased during the passage through the oviduct. At 12–18 hr after hCG injection, about 140 cells were identified in the largest cross section of a cumulus‐oocyte complex, but, after 24 hr of hCG administration (about 14 hr after ovulation), an oocyte was surrounded with only about 25 cells.Conclusions: These results indicate that oocyte‐cumulus cell complexes influence the structure of the oviductal wall during the passage in the oviduct. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo morpho‐functional study of rat gastric mucus secretion
Authors: Sbarbati Andrea , Baldassarri Angela M. , Zancanaro Carlo , Boichelli Andrea , Osculati Francesco 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Morpho‐functional studies of gastric mucosa are hampered by the lack of a technique allowing direct in situ visualization of the mucus in small living laboratory animals.Methods: The material covering the gastric surface was studied in vivo in rats by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 4.7 Tesla, and modification of its secretion was evaluated after pharmacological treatment.Results: In unstimulated animals, the glandular portion of the stomach was lined by a layer of material emitting a signal of high intensity. Administration of 16,16‐dimethyl prostaglandin E2 caused an accumulation of this material within a maximum 30 min after the administration of the drug. At 45 min, gastric emptying occurred and at 60 min, the lumen was almost free of material emitting a signal of high intensity. An increase in the intensity of the signal emitted from the material filling the gastric lumen was found after pentagestrin injection. After 45 min, the intensity of the signal emitted from the material in the gastric lumen decreased. 1H localized spectroscopy showed that after injection of pentagastrin there was an increase in the water proton peak within the gastric lumen. About one hour after stimulation, the water proton peak returned to the basal value.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that MRI displays gastric mucus in living small rodents and represents a sensitive screening test for pharmacological action on this structure, enabling morpho‐functional studies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parathyroid morphology of the brush‐tail possum, Trichosurs vulpecula
Authors: Haynes Julie I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgound: Reviews of the comparitive antomy of the parathyroid glands contain very little or no information on this endocrine gland in marsupials. This paper is the initial report of a broader investigation of the parathyroid glands in marsupials and monotremes.Method: Nineteen possums Trishosurus vulpecula were used in the study of the anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands. Tissue sections were examined using routine light and electron microscopic techniques.Results: Parathyroid III is larger than parathyroid IV. The former occurs in the vicinity of the carotid bifurcation; the latter is found in the mediastinum, and in 67% of samples it was observed to be associated with thymic tissue. In parathyroid III specimens, 12.5% had follicles, 25% had cysts, and 16% contained thymic tissue. Ultrastructurally, the majority of specimens consisted of principal cells; no oxyphil cells were seen. Light and dark cells were only seen in glands that had been fixed by perfusion. Junctions between thymic and parathyroid tissues showed intervening epithelial reticular cells, but a basal lamina was not always apparent. In three specimens, cells that resembled water‐clear cells were present. It is proposed that these unusual cells may reflect a state of impaired health in these possums.Conclusions: Except for the presence of vacuolated cells labelled water‐clear cells, the histology of the parathyroid gland in the possum shows many similiarities to that in many eutherians. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spermatozoal ultrastructure in three species of parrots (Aves, psittaciformes) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Jamieson Barrie G. M. , Koehler Lawrence , Todd Bethwyn J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: DNA‐DNA hybridization studies suggest that Psittaciformes are highly, but not the most, derived nonpasserines. Multilocus protein electrophoresis indicates that cockatoos (Cacatuinae) form a monophyletic lineage distant from the other Australo‐Papuan psittacids (Psittacinae).Methods: Transmission electron microscope procedures are applied to the spermatozoa of three parrots, in the Cacatuninae and Psittacinae, to investigate these relationships.Results: Psittaciform sperm have the following characteristics: (1) conical acrosome vesicle; rodlike perforatorium; cylindrical, highly condensed nucleus; proximal and distal centriole embedded in dense material; elongate periaxonemal mitochondrial midpiece, (2) nine dense peripheral axonemal fibers (coarse fibers), (3) no fibrous sheath around the axoneme, (4) mitochondria with linear cristae, lacking intra‐ (or inter‐) mitochondrial dense bodies, (5) restriction of the endonuclear perforatorial canal to the anterior region of the nucleus, (6) a short distal centriole, and (7) nucleus abutting on but not penetrating the acrosome.Conclusions: (1) These features are tetrapod symplesiomorphies, (2) is an amniote synapomorphy; the fibers differ from those of reptiles in being uniform in size, (3) loss of the fibrous sheath is an apomorphy known elsewhere only in columbiforms, (4) are apomorphies relative to basal aminiotes (Chelonia, Sphenodon, and Crocodilia), (5) is an apomorphic condition shared with other nonpasserines (galliforms and the white‐naped crane) and crocodilians, (6) the latter taxa differ from parrots in a plesiomorphic elongation of the distal centriole, and (7) is a unique apomorphy of parrot sperm relative to other nonpasserines and reptiles. The short midpiece of N. hollandicus distinguishes this cacatuine from the two psittacines. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shape, F‐actin, and surface morphology changes during chemotactic peptide‐induced polarity in human neutrophils
Authors: Fernández‐Segura Eduardo , García José M. , Santos Juan L. , Campos Antonio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The exposure of human neutrophils to uniform concentrations of chemoattractants, such as N‐formyl peptides, induces morphological cell polarization. In this study we report the temporal sequence of changes in cell shape, F‐actin, and cell surface morphology during cellular polarization induced by N‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenyl‐alanine (fMLP) in human neutrophils in suspension.Methods: Neutrophil shape changes induced by 10−8 M fMLP were observed with DIC microscopy. Size and Cellular granularity were analyzed by flow cytometry measuring their forward and side scattered light. To visualize F‐actin distribution, neutrophils were labeled with the fluorescence probe FITC‐phalloidin, and were examined with fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell surface morphology was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: The stimulation of round‐smooth neutrophils with nanomolar concentrations (10−8 M) of fMLP in suspension induced a temporal sequence of morphological changes during cell polarization, characterized by 1) increase in size as determined by forward angle scattered light, 2) rapid redistribution of F‐actin from a diffuse cytoplasmic localization to the cell periphery, and 3) rapid reorganization of cell surface morphological features, with accumulation of plasma membrane in the front of polar cells. Four cell shapes were identified with SEM after stimulation of round‐smooth neutrophils: round‐ridged, round‐ruffled, nonpolar ruffled, and polar cells. These cell shapes were correlated with a cortical localization, focal aggregates, and multipolar distribution of F‐actin. In polar neutrophils, F‐actin became concentrated in the front of the cell.Conclusions: These findings show the relation between reorganization of the microfilamentous cytoskeleton and modifications in cell shape and surface features during cell polarization induced after fMLP activation in neutrophils. This approach offers a powerful tool for further analysis of receptor distribution in polarized, motile neutrophils. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoarchitecture of the substantia nigra pars lateralis in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana): A correlated light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Ma Terence P. , Hazlett James C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The substantia nigra has been divided into three subdivisions. However, the cytoarchitecture of one of these subdivisions, the pars lateralis (SNI), has not been previously examined in detail at the light and electron microscopic levels in any species. In the adult opossum, the three nigral subdivisions can be easily distinguished as distinct, rostrocaudally oriented cell groups separated by neuron‐free zones. Thus it was possible to determine the boundaries of the SNI unambiguously. This report covers the results of an examination of the morphology and organization of the SNI in the opossum.Methods: Material from 13 opossums was used for this study. Eight of the animals had been previously stained for Nissl substance (n=4) or impregnated by the Golgi technique (n=4). The remaining five animals were prepared for electron microscopic studies using standard procedures.Results: Two cell types were identified on the basis of morphological differences, small and medium‐large neurons. Small neurons (10–18 μm long axis) have large nuclei with moderate amounts of heterochromatin and a thin rim of cytoplasm. They have long (up to 500 μm), spine‐free dendrites. Medium‐large neurons (18–54 μm long axis) have rounded nuclei with electron‐lucent nucleoplasm. Few indentations of the nuclear envelope were observed. The surrounding cytoplasm has dense arrays of organelles. Nissl bodies are particularly prominent in the form of pyramids with their bases at juxtanuclear positions and their apices directed toward emerging dendrites. Dendrites of medium‐large neurons are long (some>1 mm in length), are primarily oriented in the frontal plane, and extend along the dorsal surface of or into the cerebral peduncle. Some cells have dendrites that are moderately spinous, whereas other neurons possess sparsely spinous dendrites. Relatively few synaptic profiles are observed to contact somata and proximal dendrites.Conclusion: This report provides added morphological support for the idea that the SNI is a distinct subdivision of the substantia nigra, a distinction previously made on the basis of the physiologically characterized relationship between the lateral substantia nigra and orienting behaviors and seizure‐related function. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subperiosteal lmplantation of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) stimulates both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the tibia, but only osteogenesis in the parietal bone of a rat
Authors: Sasano Yasuyuki , Kamakura Shinji , Nakamura Masanori , Suzuki Osamu , Mizoguchi Itaru , Akita Hirotoshi , Kagayama Manabu 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: It is not known whether long bones and calvaria have distinct biological characteristics. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP), which is a precursor phase of the hydroxyapatite, has been reported to stimulate bone formation if implanted in the subperiosteal region of mouse calvaria. The present study was designed to investigate how the long bone and the calvarium respond to OCP implantation and to compare their biological characteristics.Methods: The synthetic OCP was implanted into the subperiosteal region of rat tibiae and parietal bones being mixed with bovine type I collagen treated by pepsin (Atelocollagen). The biological response was examined histologically and immunohistochemically for collagen matrix phenotypes of types I and II to identify bone and cartilage formation.Results: Both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis were initiated in the tibia 1 week after implantation of OCP and most of the cartilage was replaced by bone at week 2. However, the parietal bone did not show osteogenesis responding to OCP implantation until week 3, and no cartilage formation was associated with the osteogenesis.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the distinct characteristics of biological response to OCP implantation between the long bone and the calvarium in terms of whether or not cartilage formation is involved in the stimulated osteogenesis by OCP, and in terms of timing of the stimulated chondrogenesis and/or osteogenesis, i.e., the parietal bone takes more time to respond to OCP implantation than the tibia. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular anatomy of the rabbit ureter
Authors: Douglas Glenn C. , Hossler Fred E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The success of kidney transplant surgery and ureteral reconstruction requires the preservation of the ureteral blood supply. Because of its potential vulnerability to surgical trauma during trans plant and reconstructive surgery, the ureteral vasculature merits a full anatomical description.Methods: The microvascular anatomy of the ureter was studied in male New Zealand white rabbits by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and alkali digested tissue.Results: The rabbit ureter is supplied predominantly by a branch of the renal artery proximally (cranial ureteral artery) and by a branch of the vesicular artery distally (caudal ureteral artery). Minor vascular continuities are also present between the capillary beds of the ureter and those of the renal pelvis cranially and the bladder wall caudally. There are no external vascular connections to the middle ureter with the exception of a single, small vein which drains into the inferior vena cava. A single group of longitudinal arteries and veins runs the full length of the ureter within the adventitia. Branches of these longitudinal vessels pass tangentially through the muscularis to supply a vascular complex within the lamina propria. This complex in turn supports a rich, mucosal capillary plexus located at the junction between the transitional epithelium and the lamina propria. In the fixed ureter the capillary plexus lies in grooves formed by displacement of the basal layers of the overlying transitional epithelium. The capillaries are continuous or fenestrated, are often invested with pericytes, and are distributed uniformly around the entire circumference of the ureter.Conclusions: The ureteral vasculature exhibits several unique features related to its function in urine conduction and its ability to accommodate expansion and contraction. The combination of techniques used provides a clear three‐dimensional view of this vasculature. Our findings also confirm that, because of its limited blood supply, the ureter may be very susceptible to injury during renal transplantation or other abdominal surgery. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origin of subepicardial cells in rat embryos
Authors: van den Eijnde Stefan Maarten , Wenink Arnold Christiaan Gerard , Vermeij‐Keers Christl 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The role of the villi and vesicles of the epicardium primordium in the formation of the epicardium has been extensively studied over the last decades. With regard to the cellular contents of the villi and vesicles of the epicardium primordium, in quail the presence of mesenchymal cells in the villi recently has been described. In the present study, we have determined whether the villi and vesicles of the epicardium primordium in rat embryos contain mesenchymal cells that originate from the transverse septum and if so, whether these cells will become part of the subepicardium.Methods: Mesenchymal cells in the transverse septum of rat embryos were labelled by a method consisting of in vitro whole embryo culture and labelling of the ectoderm and its daughter cells, using wheat germ agglutinin‐gold (WGA‐Au) as a marker.Results: In concordance with our observations in the standard noncultured rat embryos, labelled cells were present in the transverse septum, extending from the umbilical ring, i.e., the transition of amniotic epithelium to ectoderm, up to the villi, in the villi and vesicles, and subepicardially.Conclusions: These observations suggest that the epicardium primordium contains mesenchymal cells derived from the transverse septum. These cells reach the subepicardium, using the villi and vesicles of the epicardium primordium as their vehicle. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.