bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of melon seed meal addition on some quality characteristics of chicken sausages
Authors: Abiola Samuel S , Kadiri Elizabeth I , Kareem Talubi T 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA study was conducted in which melon seed meal (MSM) replaced fat at levels of 0, 330, 660 and 1000 g kg−1 in four batches of chicken sausage. The chemical, storage and sensory properties of the sausages were determined in a meat processing laboratory. MSM increased both the ash and protein contents but decreased the ether extract content. The highest ether extract content (257.5 g kg−1) was obtained for batch 1 (control) while the lowest value (241.5 g kg−1) was recorded for batch 4. Differences of refrigeration weight loss were statistically significant (P < 0.05) while the results recorded for cooking weight loss did not show any particular trend. MSM decreased refrigeration weight loss and improved overall acceptability of the finished products. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular studies of pressure/temperature‐induced structural changes in bovine β‐lactoglobulin
Authors: Aouzelleg Amar , Bull Laura‐Anne , Price Nicholas C , Kelly Sharon M 
Published: March 2004

Abstractβ‐Lactoglobulin in 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer at pH 7 was subjected to combined pressure and temperature treatments using a central composite experimental design. Pressures up to 294 MPa, temperatures up to 62 °C and processing times up to 30 min were studied. The molecular structure at the secondary and tertiary levels was analysed post‐processing using far‐ and near‐UV circular dichroism. It was found that, although the pressures applied were moderate, the far‐UV circular dichroism spectra showed important changes corresponding to an increase in α‐helix content. The tertiary structure was almost completely lost for the highest processing intensities. This suggests a transition to the molten globule state. The percentage change in molar ellipticity at 293 nm (tertiary structure) was found to be linearly connected to the three independent variables, hence possibly allowing process optimisation for that response. Pressure was found to be the most important parameter to bring about the molecular changes at the two molecular levels investigated. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Flavour characteristics of Ilex paraguariensis infusion, a typical Argentine product, assessed by sensory evaluation and electronic nose
Authors: Grigioni Gabriela , Carduza Fernando , Irurueta Martín , Pensel Norma 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSensory evaluation and electronic nose (E‐nose) technology were applied to study two formulations of a new product intended to have organoleptic characteristics similar to those of Ilex paraguariensis (Saint Hilaire) infusions. Infusions prepared from I paraguariensis, called ‘yerba mate’ in South America, possess distinct sensory properties that were described by trained panellists using a lexicon of 17 terms. The two commercial products were formulated by combining various flavour components and processed as instant powders for infusion. Results from the sensory panel showed that it would be necessary to change the product formulation in order to achieve desirable yerba mate characteristics. Odour, mouthfeel and sweetness intensities would have to be improved. The E‐nose had an array of 32 sensors which were able to discriminate between infusions prepared from yerba mate and from the instant powders. Using stepwise discriminant analysis, the group of sensors that contributed to this classification was identified. The response of these sensors correlated (P < 0.05) with yerba mate odour, mouthfeel and sweetness attributes. Comparison of the results obtained by the two methodologies enabled the E‐nose procedure to be improved and showed that this methodology is suitable for food product development and is a good complement to sensory evaluation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of cultivar, storage and cooking on the mechanical properties of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima)
Authors: Ratnayake RM Sunil , Hurst Paul L , Melton Laurence D 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTexture profile analysis and rupture tests were carried out on raw and cooked tissues of ‘Delica’, ‘CF 2’ and ‘CF 4’ buttercup squash cultivars and ‘Red Warren’ pumpkin during storage. The raw tissues of ‘CF 2’ were the firmest, exhibiting high tissue strength (high failure force) combined with less rigidity, ie lower modulus of deformability (MOD) and higher compressibility (high strain and deformation at failure). ‘Red Warren’ had the least firm tissues combined with high rigidity and low compressibility. The firmness of ‘Delica’ and ‘CF 4’ tissues was intermediate. The texture parameters such as MOD, failure force, hardness, gumminess and chewiness measured on raw and cooked tissues of the four cultivars showed no significant differences up to 2 months of storage but then decreased (P < 0.05) between 2 and 3 months of storage. The size of the cells and thickness of the parenchyma cell walls among ‘Delica’, ‘CF 2’ and ‘CF 4’ were similar. The greater size of ‘Red Warren’ parenchyma cells, larger intercellular spaces and thinner cell walls appear to account for its lower tissue strength compared with the other cultivars. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
UV‐C irradiation reduces breakdown and chilling injury of peaches during cold storage
Authors: Gonzalez‐Aguilar Gustavo , Wang Chien Y , Buta George J 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPre‐storage exposure of peaches (Prunus persica cv Jefferson) with UV‐C irradiation for 3, 5 or 10 min significantly reduced chilling injury after 14 and 21 days of storage at 5 °C plus 7 days of shelf‐life at 20 °C. Similar reduction in fungal decay was also found by these treatments. Skin browning and UV damage were found to be moderate to severe in peaches after the 15 or 20 min of UV‐C treatments. The 20 min of exposure accelerated deterioration. Fruit treated with UV‐C for 3, 5 or 10 min remained firmer and softened more slowly than the control and those treated with longer durations of exposure. No differences were found in weight loss or respiration rates among the treatments. However, ethylene production was stimulated by all of the UV‐C treatments compared with the control. Putrescine levels increased initially after 3 or 5 min of exposure to UV‐C. A tendency toward higher accumulation of spermidine and spermine was found in peaches after UV exposure. These higher levels of polyamines apparently are a response to the UV‐C irradiation and might be beneficial in increasing the resistance of fruit tissue to deterioration and chilling injury. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of preharvest applied herbicides on breadmaking quality of hard red spring wheat
Authors: Manthey Frank A , Chakraborty Monisha , Peel Michael D , Pederson Jeremy D 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCertain herbicides can be applied prior to harvest for weed control in wheat. Research was conducted to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate, paraquat and metsulfuron + 2, 4‐D on grain, flour and the breadmaking quality of hard red spring wheat. Herbicides were applied at soft dough (SD), ∼500 g kg−1 kernel moisture and hard dough (HD), ∼350 g kg−1 kernel moisture stages of ‘Parshall’ hard red spring wheat. Test weight was reduced 1.3 and 2.3 kg hl−1, 1000 kernel weight was reduced 3.5 and 4.5 g, and large kernel content was reduced 230 and 280 g kg−1 by glyphosate and paraquat respectively when applied at SD. Metsulfuron + 2, 4‐D did not affect physical grain quality. Glyphosate and paraquat applied at SD and HD increased gluten index two to eight units. Metsulfuron + 2, 4‐D reduced the gluten index four units when applied at SD. Dough mixing stability was increased 1.7 min by glyphosate applied at SD or HD, and by paraquat applied at SD. Dough mixing time during bread making was 0.5 min longer with flour from wheat treated with glyphosate and was 0.4 min shorter with flour from wheat treated with Metsulfuron + 2, 4‐D at SD. Loaf volume, symmetry and crumb score were not affected by herbicide treatments. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Steeping‐induced physicochemical changes of milled waxy rice and their relation to the quality of yukwa (an oil‐puffed waxy rice snack)
Authors: Cho Sung Bin , Chang Hyun‐Joo , Kim Hye Young L , Kim Woo Jung , Chun Hyang Sook 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe influence of water‐steeping periods (0 to 15 days, 25 °C) on the physicochemical properties of raw waxy rice in relation to the yukwa quality was investigated. The moisture contents in waxy rice and reducing sugar in its steeping medium were increased, while contents of protein and minerals of raw waxy rice were decreased in proportion to the water‐steeping duration. With longer steeping periods, swelling power, solubility and peak viscosity were increased, while grain hardness was decreased with apparent kernel structural change. Depending on the water‐steeping duration of raw waxy rice, the hardness decreased from 26.0 to 1.8 g, and the expansion ratio of yukwa increased from 762 to 1539%. Correlations between the physicochemical properties and yukwa quality indicated that variables having the most positive influential on expansion ratio were reducing sugar (γ = 0.961, P < 0.01) and peak viscosity (γ = 0.897, P < 0.01), and those for hardness of yukwa were crude protein (γ = 0.875, P < 0.01) and hardness (γ = 0.887, P < 0.01) of the steeped waxy rice. It is suggested that steeping‐induced physicochemical changes of raw waxy rice had a significant influence on the final quality of yukwa in terms of hardness and expansion ratio. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Tuber components affecting acrylamide formation and colour in fried potato: variation by variety, year, storage temperature and storage time
Authors: Olsson Kerstin , Svensson Rita , Roslund Carl‐Axel 
Published: March 2004

AbstractVariation in asparagine and glucose contents, identified as precursors for acrylamide development in model experiments, has been studied in eight potato clones during long‐term storage at 3 and 10 °C. In addition, glutamine, fructose and sucrose contents were determined and the role of all five substances in colour formation in fried potato products was assessed. Large genotype differences were found in all characteristics, and the ranking order was almost the same for different years and storage times. Breeding for potatoes with low asparagine levels as well as low reducing sugar levels might be another way, in addition to altering processing parameters, to keep the acrylamide level low in fried products. Storage per se at low temperature did not result in higher asparagine levels. The risk that elevated reducing sugar levels during low‐temperature storage might lead to increased acrylamide levels needs further investigation. The determined tuber components accounted for only 11–60 per cent of the total variation in fry colour after storage at 3 °C. It is suggested that screening based on crisp colour in November, perhaps complemented with a few later controls on interesting clones, could be useful for sorting out clones with good crisping abilities during the rest of the low‐temperature storage season. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Preventive effect of adding antioxidants on mutagenic compound formation in fumes of cooking oil
Authors: Wu She‐Ching , Yen Gow‐Chin 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe preventive effect of various antioxidants on the formation of mutagenic compounds such as trans,trans‐2,4‐decadienal in degummed peanut oil (DPO) fumes was investigated. The mutagenicity of the DPO fumes was significantly reduced by antioxidants added before heating. The addition of antioxidants increased the smoke point and oxidative stability of DPO and decreased the yield of oil fumes and the amount of mutagens. Butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene were more effective than natural antioxidants in reducing the amount of four enal compounds in fumes from DPO. Thus edible cooking oil with a high smoke point, less fume and lower mutagenicity might be developed with an appropriate antioxidant. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Human genomic DNA analysis using a semi‐automated sample preparation, amplification, and electrophoresis separation platform
Authors: Raisi Fariba , Blizard Benjamin A. , Raissi Shabari Akbar , Ching Jesus , Kintz Gregory J. , Mitchell Jim , Lemoff Asuncion , Taylor Mike T. , Weir Fred , Western Linda , Wong Wendy , Joshi Rekha , Howland Pamela , Chauhan Avinash , Nguyen Peter , Petersen Kurt E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe growing importance of analyzing the human genome to detect hereditary and infectious diseases associated with specific DNA sequences has motivated us to develop automated devices to integrate sample preparation, real‐time PCR, and microchannel electrophoresis (MCE). In this report, we present results from an optimized compact system capable of processing a raw sample of blood, extracting the DNA, and performing a multiplexed PCR reaction. Finally, an innovative electrophoretic separation was performed on the post‐PCR products using a unique MCE system. The sample preparation system extracted and lysed white blood cells (WBC) from whole blood, producing DNA of sufficient quantity and quality for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Separation of multiple amplicons was achieved in a microfabricated channel 30 μm × 100 μm in cross section and 85 mm in length filled with a replaceable methyl cellulose matrix operated under denaturing conditions at 50°C. By incorporating fluorescent‐labeled primers in the PCR, the amplicons were identified by a two‐color (multiplexed) fluorescence detection system. Two base‐pair resolution of single‐stranded DNA (PCR products) was achieved. We believe that this integrated system provides a unique solution for DNA analysis.
An FPTAS for scheduling a two‐machine flowshop with one unavailability interval
Authors: Ng C.T. , Kovalyov Mikhail Y. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe study a deterministic two‐machine flowshop scheduling problem with an assumption that one of the two machines is not available in a specified time period. This period can be due to a breakdown, preventive maintenance, or processing unfinished jobs from a previous planning horizon. The problem is known to be NP‐hard. Pseudopolynomial dynamic programming algorithms and heuristics with worst case error bounds are given in the literature to solve the problem. They are different for the cases when the unavailability interval is for the first or second machine. The existence of a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) was formulated as an open conjecture in the literature. In this paper, we show that the two cases of the problem under study are equivalent to similar partition type problems. Then we derive a generic FPTAS for the latter problems with O(n5/ε4) time complexity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
A balancing problem for mixed model assembly lines with a paced moving conveyor
Authors: Zhao Xiaobo , Ohno Katsuhisa , Lau Hon‐Shiang 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe state a balancing problem for mixed model assembly lines with a paced moving conveyor as: Given the daily assembling sequence of the models, the tasks of each model, the precedence relations among the tasks, and the operations parameters of the assembly line, assign the tasks of the models to the workstations so as to minimize the total overload time. Several characteristics of the problem are investigated. A line‐balancing heuristic is proposed based on a lower bound of the total overload time. A practical procedure is provided for estimating the deviation of any given line‐balance solution from the theoretical optimum. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the methodology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Coordinating independent buyers with integer‐ratio time coordination and quantity discounts
Authors: Wang Qinan 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSupply chain members can gain substantial benefits by coordinating their activities. However, a remaining challenge is to create useful coordination mechanisms when channel members are independent. This paper develops a coordination strategy with which a supplier uses quantity discounts to entice independent buyers to comply with an integer‐ratio time coordination scheme. The problem is analyzed as a Stackelberg game in which the supplier acts as the leader by announcing its coordination policy in advance and buyers act as followers by deciding their ordering decisions with this information. The strategy is compared to a coordination mechanism with quantity discounts and power‐of‐two time coordination. While both strategies are able to produce substantial benefits over simple quantity discounts, integer‐ratio time coordination provides a better coordination mechanism for a decentralized supply chain. It is shown that power‐of‐two time coordination may not be able to provide a stable equilibrium coordination strategy when buyers act independently and opportunistically. Furthermore, if this is not the case, integer‐ratio time coordination is at least equally effective. Unlike a centralized solution, under which the improvement by integer‐ratio over power‐of‐two time coordination is limited to 2% of optimality, system cost reduction from a decentralized coordination strategy could be much more significant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Two‐dimensional failure modeling with minimal repair
Authors: Baik J. , Murthy D.N.P. , Jack N. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss two‐dimensional failure modeling for a system where degradation is due to age and usage. We extend the concept of minimal repair for the one‐dimensional case to the two‐dimensional case and characterize the failures over a two‐dimensional region under minimal repair. An application of this important result to a manufacturer's servicing costs for a two‐dimensional warranty policy is given and we compare the minimal repair strategy with the strategy of replacement of failure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Resource allocation with lumpy demand: To speed or not to speed?
Authors: Chen Bintong , Munson Charles L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn the classical EPQ model with continuous and constant demand, holding and setup costs are minimized when the production rate is no larger than the demand rate. However, the situation may change when demand is lumpy. We consider a firm that produces multiple products, each having a unique lumpy demand pattern. The decision involves determining both the lot size for each product and the allocation of resources for production rate improvements among the products. We find that each product's optimal production policy will take on only one of two forms: either continuous production or lot‐for‐lot production. The problem is then formulated as a nonlinear nonsmooth knapsack problem among products determined to be candidates for resource allocation. A heuristic procedure is developed to determine allocation amounts. The procedure decomposes the problem into a mixed integer program and a nonlinear convex resource allocation problem. Numerical tests suggest that the heuristic performs very well on average compared to the optimal solution. Both the model and the heuristic procedure can be extended to allow the company to simultaneously alter both the production rates and the incoming demand lot sizes through quantity discounts. Extensions can also be made to address the case where a single investment increases the production rate of multiple products. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Preservation of stochastic orders for random minima and maxima, with applications
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Zuo Ming J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIt is shown, in this note, that the right spread order and the increasing convex order are both preserved under the taking of random maxima, and the total time on test transform order and the increasing concave order are preserved under the taking of random minima. Some inequalities and preservation properties in reliability and economics are given as applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Crane scheduling with spatial constraints
Authors: Lim Andrew , Rodrigues Brian , Xiao Fei , Zhu Yi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this work, we examine port crane scheduling with spatial and separation constraints. Although common to most port operations, these constraints have not been previously studied. We assume that cranes cannot cross, there is a minimum distance between cranes and jobs cannot be done simultaneously. The objective is to find a crane‐to‐job matching which maximizes throughput under these constraints. We provide dynamic programming algorithms, a probabilistic tabu search, and a squeaky wheel optimization heuristic for solution. Experiments show the heuristics perform well compared with optimal solutions obtained by CPLEX for small scale instances where a squeaky wheel optimization with local search approach gives good results within short times. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Flow shop scheduling with earliness, tardiness, and intermediate inventory holding costs
Authors: Bülbül Kerem , Kaminsky Philip , Yano Candace 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe consider the problem of scheduling customer orders in a flow shop with the objective of minimizing the sum of tardiness, earliness (finished goods inventory holding), and intermediate (work‐in‐process) inventory holding costs. We formulate this problem as an integer program, and based on approximate solutions to two different, but closely related, Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulations, we develop heuristics to minimize the total cost. We exploit the duality between Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulation and Lagrangian relaxation to enhance our heuristics. This combined approach enables us to develop two different lower bounds on the optimal integer solution, together with intuitive approaches for obtaining near‐optimal feasible integer solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that applies column generation to a scheduling problem with different types of strongly 𝒩𝒫‐hard pricing problems which are solved heuristically. The computational study demonstrates that our algorithms have a significant speed advantage over alternate methods, yield good lower bounds, and generate near‐optimal feasible integer solutions for problem instances with many machines and a realistically large number of jobs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Aber lenken sie auch? (But do they also guide?)
Authors: Drescher Uwe 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOne of the most intriguing problems in developmental neurobiology is that of how growing axons find the correct way to their proper target cells. Often axonal connections are organized in topographic maps, where neighboring cells of the projecting area are connected to neighboring cells in the target area, thus allowing a faithful transfer of positionally stored information from one area to another. The retinotectal projection is the classical model system for studying topographic projections. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 3–7, 2004