bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulus control of habits: Evidence for both stimulus specificity and devaluation insensitivity in a dual‐response task
Authors: Turner K. M. , Balleine B. W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGoal‐directed and habitual actions are clearly defined by their associative relations. Whereas goal‐directed control can be confirmed via tests of outcome devaluation and contingency‐degradation sensitivity, a comparable criterion for positively detecting habits has not been established. To confirm habitual responding, a test of control by the stimulus–response association is required while also ruling out goal‐directed control. Here we describe an approach to developing such a test in rats using two discriminative stimuli that set the occasion for two different responses that then earn the same outcome. Performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation and showed stimulus–response specificity, indicative of stimulus‐controlled behavior. The reliance of stimulus–response associations was further supported by a lack of sensitivity during the single extinction test session used here. These results demonstrate that two concurrently trained responses can come under habitual control when they share a common outcome. By reducing the ability of one stimulus to signal its corresponding response–outcome association, we found evidence for goal‐directed control that can be dissociated from habits. Overall, these experiments provide evidence that tests assessing specific stimulus–response associations can be used to investigate habits.
BRD4 as a potential target for human papillomaviruses associated cancer
Authors: Rani Abdul Qawee , Bonam Srinivasa Reddy , Zhou Jia , Li Jenny , Hu Haitao , Liu Xuefeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAround 99% of cervical cancer and 5%–10% of human cancer are associated with human papillomaviruses (HPV). Notably, the life‐cycle of HPV begins by low‐level infection of the basal cells of the stratified epithelium, where the viral genomes are replicated and passed on to the daughter proliferating basal cells. The production of new viral particles remains restricted to eventually differentiated cells. HPVs support their persistent infectious cycle by hijacking pivotal pathways and cellular processes. Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) is one of the essential cellular factors involved in multiple stages of viral transcription and replication. In this review, we demonstrate the role of BRD4 in the multiple stages of HPV infectious cycle. Also, we provide an overview of the intense research about the cellular functions of BRD4, the mechanism of action of bromodomain and extra terminal inhibitors, and how it could lead to the development of antiviral/anticancer therapies.
Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence‐Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study
Authors: Boitor Radu , Varma Sandeep , Sharma Ashish , Elsheikh Somaia , Kulkarni Kusum , Eldib Karim , Jerrom Richard , Odedra Sunita , Patel Anand , Koloydenko Alexey , Williams Hywel , Notingher Ioan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutofluorescence (AF)‐Raman spectroscopy is a technology that can detect tumour tissue in surgically excised skin specimens. The technique does not require tissue fixation, staining, labelling or sectioning, and provides quantitative diagnosis maps within 30 min.ObjectivesTo explore the clinical application of AF‐Raman microscopy to detect residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) positive margins in ex vivo skin specimens excised during real‐time Mohs surgery. To investigate the ability to analyse skin specimens from different parts of the head‐and‐neck areas and detect nodular, infiltrative and superficial BCC.MethodsFifty Mohs tissue layers (50 patients) were investigated: 27 split samples (two halves) and 23 full‐face samples. The AF‐Raman results were compared to frozen section histology, carried out intraoperatively by the Mohs surgeon and postoperatively by dermatopathologists. The latter was used as the standard of reference.ResultsThe AF‐Raman analysis was completed within the target time of 30 min and was able to detect all subtypes of BCC. For the split specimens, the AF‐Raman analysis covered 97% of the specimen surface area and detected eight out of nine BCC positive layers (similar to Mohs surgeons). For the full‐face specimens, poorer contact between tissue and cassette coverslip led to lower coverage of the specimen surface area (92%), decreasing the detection rate (four out of six positives for BCC).ConclusionsThese preliminary results, in particular for the split specimens, demonstrate the feasibility of AF‐Raman microscopy for rapid assessment of Mohs layers for BCC presence. However, for full‐face specimens, further work is required to improve the contact between the tissue and the coverslip to increase sensitivity.
Magnetic‐based photosensitizer to improve the efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against mature dental caries‐related biofilms
Authors: Balhaddad Abdulrahman A. , Mokeem Lamia , Alsahafi Rashed , Weir Michael D. , Xu Hockin H. K. , Melo Mary Anne S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) shows promise in eliminating oral pathogens without inducing microbial resistance. Yet, it faces limited biofilm penetration by the photosensitizer, which hinders its efficacy against mature, thick biofilms. This study assesses the effectiveness of the MagTBO (magnetic nanoparticles and toluidine‐blue ortho) nanoplatform against mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms associated with dental caries. The study employs constant‐depth film fermenter (CDFF) models, known as “artificial mouth,” to replicate caries processes and allow biofilm growth over teeth. This method enables the evaluation of biofilm‐induced mineral loss under cariogenic challenge over 5 and 10 days. The study shows that MagTBO improves aPDT's effectiveness against highly mature and complex biofilms over 5 and 10 days. However, the biofilm reduction unaffected the mineral content in the underlying dentin. This presents a promising approach for clinical aPDT protocols. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that these findings are based on in vitro studies and may necessitate further clinical confirmation. In summary, our data indicate that magnetic‐based photosensitizers enhance the modulation of pathogenic oral biofilms by aPDT, offering potential advancements in clinical aPDT protocols.
Resilience and functional redundancy of methanogenic digestion microbiome safeguard recovery of methanogenesis activity under the stress induced by microplastics
Authors: Liu Jinting , Xu Guofang , Zhao Siyan , He Jianzhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicroplastics and nanoplastics are emerging pollutants that substantially influence biological element cycling in natural ecosystems. Plastics are also prevalent in sewage, and they accumulate in waste‐activated sludge (WAS). However, the impacts of plastics on the methanogenic digestion of WAS and the underpinning microbiome remain underexplored, particularly during long‐term operation. In this study, we found that short‐term exposure to individual microplastics and nanoplastics (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polylactic acid) at a low concentration (10 particles/g sludge) slightly enhanced methanogenesis by 2.1%−9.0%, whereas higher levels (30−200 particles/g sludge) suppressed methanogenesis by 15.2%−30.1%. Notably, the coexistence of multiple plastics, particularly at low concentrations, showed synergistic suppression of methanogenesis. Unexpectedly, methanogenesis activity completely recovered after long‐term exposure to plastics, despite obvious suppression of methanogenesis by initial plastic exposure. The inhibition of methanogenesis by plastics could be attributed to the stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species. The stress induced by plastics dramatically decreased the relative abundance of methanogens but showed marginal influence on putative hydrolytic and fermentation populations. Nonetheless, the digestion sludge microbiome exhibited resilience and functional redundancy, contributing to the recovery of methanogenesis during the long‐term operation of digesters. Plastics also increased the complexity, modularity, and negative interaction ratios of digestion sludge microbiome networks, but their influence on community assembly varied. Interestingly, a unique plastisphere was observed, the networks and assembly of which were distinct from the sludge microbiome. Collectively, the comprehensive evaluation of the influence of microplastics and nanoplastics on methanogenic digestion, together with the novel ecological insights, contribute to better understanding and manipulating this engineered ecosystem in the face of increasing plastic pollution.
Cellular senescence: A potential mode of circular RNAs regulating prostate cancer
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Fan Aoyu , Zhang Yunyan , Guo Ziyi , Meng Wei , Pan Wei , Ma Zhongliang , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCellular senescence is a state characterized by permanent cell cycle stoppage, which has long been viewed as a protective mechanism against neoplasia. However, accumulating evidence reveal that cellular senescence variously stimulates tumorigenesis and malignant progression in certain contexts. Senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a crucial feature of senescent cells and the main way they function. Prostate cancer (PCa) is apparently an age‐related tumor with a high prevalence in the elderly. With the aggravation of population aging the morbidity of PCa continues to rise. And with the progress of the disease, most patients eventually develop castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC) or drug resistance, which poses a challenge for the treatment of PCa and aggravates the burden on patients and society. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs formed by back‐splicing of pre‐mRNAs. Characterized by special covalently closed circular structure, they play important regulatory roles in various tumors. Numerous studies have revealed that circRNAs can regulate PCa and cellular senescence in diverse ways. This review explores a potential mode that circRNAs regulate PCa, reveales a significant mechanism of tumorigenesis and progression for PCa, suggesting a new strategy for PCa research.
Antiparasitic effects of peracetic acid on Striped Bass infested with Trichodina spp.
Authors: Farmer Bradley D. , Straus David L. , Deshotel Michael B. , Fuller S. Adam , Reading Benjamin J. , Meinelt Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
The antiparasitic effect of peracetic acid (PAA) was evaluated against an infestation of the protozoan Trichodina spp. in naturally infected juvenile domestic seventh-generation (F7) Striped Bass Morone saxatilis.

Methods
Replicated treatments (n = 3) consisted of 1 and 2 mg/L PAA and a control; treatments were applied every other day for three treatments (30-min static exposure). Infestation intensity was enumerated 20–24 h after each treatment by counting the number of Trichodina present in a wet mount of excised gill tissue.

Result
Neither treatment rate was able to completely eradicate the parasite; however, 2 mg/L PAA resulted in a statistically significant reduction, which equated to 75% reduction of observed parasites.

Conclusion
The 2-mg/L PAA treatment regimen in the present study is proposed as a safe, environmentally friendly, and effective method for reducing the intensity of Trichodina infestations in Striped Bass.
Assessing nutrition status, sarcopenia, and frailty in adult transplant recipients
Authors: Ruiz‐Margáin Astrid , Macías‐Rodríguez Ricardo U. , Flores‐García Nayelli C. , Román Calleja Berenice M. , Fierro‐Angulo Oscar M. , González‐Regueiro José A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe assessment of nutrition status, sarcopenia, and frailty holds significant relevance in the context of adult transplantation, as these factors are associated with an unfavorable prognosis; thus, transplant candidates must undergo a full nutrition assessment. Screening tools may be used to prioritize patients, this can be done using the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 or Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool. Subsequently, a thorough nutrition‐focused physical examination should be conducted to evaluate clinical signs of nutrition deficiencies, fat and muscle loss, and fluid overload; dietary history and current intake must also be assessed. Apart from physical examination, specific testing for sarcopenia and frailty are recommended. For sarcopenia assessment, specifically for muscle quantification, the gold standard is the cross‐sectional measurement of the muscle at L3 obtained from a computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging; dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry is also a good tool especially when appendicular skeletal muscle index is calculated. Other more readily available options include phase angle from bioelectrical impedance or bioimpedance spectroscopy. In the sarcopenia assessment, muscle function evaluation is required, handgrip strength stands as the primary test for this purpose; this test is also part of the subjective global assessment and is included in some frailty scores. Finally, for frailty assessment, the Short Physical Performance Battery is useful for evaluating physical frailty, and for a multidimensional evaluation, the Fried frailty phenotype can be used. Specifically for liver transplant candidates, the use of Liver Frailty Index is recommended.
Barriers to effective clinical supervision from the perspective of nurses: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Atashi Vajihe , Movahedi Najafabadi Maryam , Afshari Atefeh , Ghafari Somayeh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to explain the barriers to effective clinical supervision from the perspective of nurses.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsThe present study enrolled 21 nurses selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews, which were digitally recorded and immediately transcribed verbatim, and analysed using content analysis method.ResultsFrom the nurses' perspective, the influential barriers included poor academic, ethical, communicational, professional competencies at the passive management level, defects in supervision prerequisites, conventional beliefs, ineffective organization, shortage of workforce at the level of inappropriate context, lack of motivation and poor accountability at inadequate professional maturity level.Public ContributionThe following items affect how clinical supervision is implemented: Motivation, accountability at the personal level, sufficient workforce, conducive conditions, effective organization of resources, and preparing the individual for supervision at the organizational level to implement effective clinical supervision.
Prevalence and risk factors of exposure keratopathy among critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Yulu , He Jing , Wu Qiuping , Pu Shi , Song Caiping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of exposure keratopathy (EK) among critically ill patients.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 Statement.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Weipu Database (VIP) and WanFang Database were systematically searched from inception to June 2022. Observational studies that reported EK among paediatric and adult critically ill patients were screened and included original articles based on the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and quality assessments. Subgroup analysis investigated potential causes of heterogeneity.ResultsOf the 4508 studies identified, 23 studies involving 3519 subjects were included. The pooled prevalence of EK was 34.0%, and the pooled incidence rate of EK was 23.0%. Risk factors associated with EK in critically ill patients included lagophthalmos, chemosis, eye blinks <5 times per minute, mechanical ventilation, sedation, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score.ConclusionThis review shows that EK rates are high in critically ill patients and are influenced by multiple factors. Medical staff should pay more attention to EK in critically ill patients, conduct professional evaluations and implement targeted eye care protocols to reduce its occurrence.Implications for PracticeThis study shows the frequency of and multiple risk factors for EK in critically ill patients, which provides evidence‐based guidance for nurses to evaluate the risk of EK in critically ill patients and take appropriate precautions to reduce the risk.Protocol RegistrationThe protocol was registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) (CRD42022346964).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Tensile, impact, and the damping performance of woven flax‐carbon hybrid polyamide biocomposites
Authors: Bahrami Mohsen , Butenegro Jose Antonio , Mehdikhani Mahoor , Swolfs Yentl , Abenojar Juana , Martinez Miguel Angel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFiber hybridization is suggested to enhance the properties of fiber‐reinforced composites. Regarding the matrix, thermoplastic alternatives to conventional thermosets are needed to balance mechanical performance and sustainability. We combined woven flax and carbon fibers with a polyamide 11 matrix into a hybrid biocomposite and studied its manufacturing process as well as its impact, tensile, and damping properties. Mechanical damage was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography. Hybridization significantly improved the tensile properties: 233% higher modulus and 432% higher strength than pure flax composites and 19% higher failure strain than pure carbon composites. Additionally, the hybrid composites exhibited a positive hybrid effect with respect to the impact resistance, characterized by higher displacement at maximum impact force and occurrence of combined damage mechanisms. Although the damping behavior of the hybrid composites remained inferior to that of pure flax composites, their damping factor was 20% higher than that of pure carbon composites. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanical performance of carbon‐flax hybrid composites.Highlights
Enhanced mechanical performance and impact resistance in woven flax‐carbon/PA11 hybrid biocomposite compared to nonhybrid reference composites.
Superior tensile modulus and strength of hybrid biocomposite than pure flax fiber composite, and greater failure strain than pure carbon fiber composite.
A positive hybridization effect in impact properties with a greater displacement at maximum force and higher dissipated impact energy, indicating enhanced ductility and fracture toughness.
Improved damping behavior in hybrid biocomposite compared to the pure carbon composite.
A review on antibacterial potential of poly‐ionic liquid‐based biomaterials
Authors: Panda Itishree , Samal Sangram Keshari , Pradhan Sanghamitra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, bacterial infection has become one of the significant clinical challenges. The overuse or misuse of antibiotics increases the number of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial pathogens and causes enormous medical burdens with high morbidity and mortality. Several strategies have been adopted to tackle this; poly‐ionic liquids (PILs), a class of ionic liquids (ILs) systems demonstrating a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, have been widely used in biomedical applications. During polymerization, the charge density of the cations, molecular weight, and hydrophobic behavior can be regulated to accomplish more potent antibacterial efficacy with low cytotoxicity. However, inadequate literature is available highlighting the application of PIL‐based materials in biomedical applications. Keeping this in mind, the recent advances in PIL‐based biomaterials formed by conjugating PIL with natural and synthetic polymers as effective antimicrobial agents have been the focus area of this review.
Transitions towards green productivity in Africa: Do sovereign debt vulnerability, eco‐entrepreneurship, and institutional quality matter?
Authors: Amowine Nelson , Balezentis Tomas , Zhou Zhixiang , Streimikiene Dalia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImproving green productivity (GP) is critical for achieving global sustainable green development. Yet, past efficiency studies on the African continent have ignored Africa's GP, estimation, and driving factors. Specifically, the role of sovereign debt vulnerability, environmental entrepreneurship, and institutional quality in ensuring Africa's green productivity development is lacking. Therefore, this study built a meta‐frontier biennial weighted modified data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate green productivity across resource‐intensive and non‐resource‐intensive African countries from 2010 to 2019. Further, the study adopted the global Malmquist‐Luenberger productivity index (GML) to investigate the dynamic changes in African green productivity growth. The results suggest that only a few African countries are efficient, implying more room for improvement for the other countries. The heterogeneity of green productivity across the resource's classification exhibits significant disparity. The technology gap also prevails among the two resource classifications of African countries. The GML index indicates that Africa's green productivity is mainly explained by technical change instead of efficiency change. The bootstrap truncation regression suggests an inverted U‐shaped nexus between growth and green productivity in Africa and resource‐intensive countries (RIC). Green environmental entrepreneurship positively affects green productivity in Africa. On the components of institutional quality, we observed that the rule of law positively influences green productivity in non‐resource‐intensive countries (NRIC) and the whole of Africa. In contrast, political stability, government effectiveness, voice and corruption negatively affected green productivity in NRIC. Also, foreign direct investment (FDI) and sovereign debt vulnerability negatively correlate to green productivity in Africa as a whole and NRIC, respectively. The findings of this study aid in raising awareness of green productivity in developing countries, which is crucial in boosting global green development.