bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source efficiency of alpha-emitters applied to the skin surface
Authors: Kim E , Narita M , Takashima Y , Nakata A , Tani K , Kurihara O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Skin surface contamination by alpha-emitters is in itself not hazardous, but it would cause significant internal exposure in the case of injured skin as well as misjudgment in direct in vivo measurements (e.g. lung counting). The present study determined the source efficiency of alpha-emitters (241Am) applied to swine skin samples by analysing the observed alpha-particle energy spectra using advanced alpha-spectrometric simulation. Based on our results, the source efficiency was determined to be 0.365 (alpha-particle s−1 per Bq) on average (c.f. 0.5 in the case of no self-absorption in the source). The decrease in source efficiency would be attributed primarily to the radionuclide entering hair follicles or deep wrinkles. The degradation of the measured spectra from the skin samples indicates the penetration of some radionuclides into the upper layers of the stratum corneum. Although this study was limited to results obtained from swine skin samples, it suggests that irregularities in the skin surface may affect direct alpha measurements.
Comparison of cell casted and 3D-printed plastic scintillators for dosimetry applications
Authors: Kulig D , Kapłon Ł , Moskal G , Beddar S , Fiutowski T , Górska W , Hajduga J , Jurgielewicz P , Kabat D , Kalecińska K , Kopeć M , Koperny S , Mindur B , Moroń J , Niedźwiecki S , Silarski M , Sobczuk F , Szumlak T , Ruciński A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Currently, the most used methods of plastic scintillator (PS) manufacturing are cell casting and bulk polymerisation, extrusion, injection molding, whereas digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique has been recently introduced. For our research, we measured blue-emitting EJ-200, EJ-208, green-emitting EJ-260, EJ-262 cell cast and two types of blue-emitting DLP-printed PSs. The light output of the samples, with the same dimension of 10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, was compared. The light output of the samples, relative to the reference EJ-200 cell-cast scintillator, equals about 40–49 and 70–73% for two types of 3D-printed, and two green-emitting cell-casted PSs, respectively. Performance of the investigated scintillators is sufficient to use them in a plastic scintillation dosemeter operating in high fluence gamma radiation fields.
First microdosimetric measurements with a tissue-equivalent proportional counter at the MedAustron ion-beam therapy facility
Authors: Barna Sandra , Meouchi Cynthia , Magrin Giulio , Bianchi Anna , Conte Valeria , Selva Anna , Stock Markus , Resch Andreas Franz , Georg Dietmar , Palmans Hugo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to present the first microdosimetric spectra measured with a miniaturised tissue-equivalent proportional counter in the clinical environment of the MedAustron ion-beam therapy facility. These spectra were gathered with a 62.4-MeV proton beam and have been compared with microdosimetric spectra measured in the 62-MeV clinical proton beam of the CATANA beam line. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Geant4 toolkit GATE and a fully commissioned clinical beam line model. Finally, similarities and discrepancies of the measured data to simulations based on a simple and complex detector geometry are discussed.
Energy imparted and ionisation yield at the nanometre scale: results for extended beams
Authors: Selva Anna , Bolst David , Bianchi Anna , Guatelli Susanna , Conte Valeria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The metrological problem of interpreting ionisation-based micro- and nanodosimetric measurements in terms of quantities proportional to energy imparted becomes particularly relevant when the sensitive volume (SV) size is in the nanometre range. At these scales, a constant W-value cannot be assumed, and the stochastics of the energy transfer per single collision could play a more important role. This problem was recently analysed by our group by means of track-structure Monte Carlo simulations with the Geant4-DNA code, finding a strong correlation between the energy imparted and ionisation yield also for SV diameters of 1 nm. As the previous study was limited to primary beams of radius zero crossing the sensitive sphere along its diameter, it is the aim of the present work to extend the analysis to beams with a radius larger than the dimensions of the SV, to better assess the role played by secondary electrons.
Extended time-of-flight measurements down to 100 keV at the AMANDE facility with a stilbene scintillator
Authors: Petit Michael , Di Chicco Augusto , Sardet Alix , Babut Richard , Jacqmin Robert , Stout Brian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The time-of-flight (ToF) method with scintillators is routinely used for determining neutron energy. However, a technical difficulty related to the loss of scintillator efficiency below 1 MeV makes this technique difficult to implement for the energy decade [100 keV–1 MeV]. New crystal production techniques provide stilbene scintillators efficient in this low neutron energy region, making it possible to extend the ToF technique below 1 MeV. In this manner, measurements of secondary reactions (d,n) on carbon or oxygen nuclei in this range become feasible, which should lead to improved reference calibration conditions in neutron fields produced by a deuterium ion beam.
Effectiveness of simplified dose estimation equations for triage after criticality accident—a case study of dose assessment in the JCO criticality accident
Authors: Kowatari M , Kim E , Tani K , Naito M , Tamakuma Y , Kurihara O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The dosimetry for the triage of personnel encountering a criticality accident was investigated. The JCO criticality accident of 1999 was selected as a case study, and attention was paid to the identification and the segregation of severely exposed personnel. A series of Monte Carlo calculations revealed that simplified equations proposed by ANSI to estimate dose with respect to distance work well to determine the region of interest for triage.
Characterization of small radiophotoluminescence dosemeter in terms of H
P(0.07) for extremity dose monitoring of medical personnel
Authors: Kowatari M , Yoshitomi H , Nagamoto K , Nakagami K , Moritake T , Kunugita N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An additional extremity monitoring using a ring badge must be appropriately conducted for inhomogeneous exposure around radiation workers’ extremity. Commercially available glass dosemeters are characterized in terms of Hp(0.07) for the application of additional extremity monitoring. A series of experiments demonstrated that the response of the model GD-352M radiophotoluminescence dosemeter fully matched the IEC’s criteria for an extremity dosemeter for medical personnel. Although the model GD-302M has excellent angular dependence, the material and the shape of energy compensation filter still need to be optimized to improve its energy dependence in the range between 30 and 100 keV. The combine use of both types of glass dosemeters for ‘paired dosemeter’ together with introduction of a simple algorithm may be a promising method to improve the response in the energy range below 20 keV.
Internal dosimetric analyser to assist routine, confirmatory and special radiobioassays
Authors: Hunt John G , Capote-Cuellar Antonio , Suárez Rodolfo Cruz , Kenny Patrick , Lafranco Gábor , Hajek Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The IAEA Radiation Safety Technical Services Laboratory has developed and validated an Internal Dosimetric Analyser (IDA) software tool to facilitate access to dosimetric data and perform calculations related to individual monitoring for intakes of radionuclides and occupational radiation protection. IDA serves to correlate measurements from routine, confirmatory and special internal monitoring with data obtained from the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides series of recommendations published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The purpose of IDA is to keep the internal dosimetry data in the background and allow the dosimetrist to make the necessary calculations to be able to decide (1) whether the bioassay method and monitoring period are appropriate for routine, confirmatory or special monitoring; (2) whether the method and period will allow the recording level to be detected; (3) whether previous intakes are contributing to the current measurement; and (4) whether measurement uncertainties affect the dose assessment.
EURADOS project on the impact of the proposed ICRU operational dose quantities
Authors: Gilvin Phil , Caresana Marco , Bottollier-Depois Jean-Francois , Chumak Vadim , Clairand Isabelle , Eakins Jonathan , Ferrari Paolo , Hupe Oliver , Olko Pawel , Röttger A , Tanner Rick , Vanhavere Filip , Bakhanova Elena , Bandalo Vedran , Ekendahl Daniela , Hödlmoser Herbert , Matthiä Daniel , Reitz Günther , Latocha Marcin , Beck Peter , Thomas David , Behrens Rolf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Following the publication of the joint The International Commissions on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report on new operational quantities for radiation protection, the European Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) have carried out an initial evaluation. The EURADOS report analyses the impact that the new quantities will have on: radiation protection practice; calibration and reference fields; European and national regulation; international standards and, especially, dosemeter and instrument design. The task group included experienced scientists drawn from across the various EURADOS working groups.
Comparison of biological weighting functions to estimate the microdosimetric RBE in BNCT
Authors: Selva Anna , Bianchi Anna , Bellan Luca , Fagotti Enrico , Pisent Andrea , Conte Valeria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the framework of the MUNES project, a prototype accelerator-based thermal neutron source was developed and installed at the Legnaro National Laboratories of INFN. The microdosimetric characterization of this radiation field was performed with a Tissue-Equivalent Proportional Counter with interchangeable cathode walls, either doped with 100 ppm of 10B or without boron doping. A suitable subtraction procedure allowed to discriminate the gamma, neutron and BNC dose components (Selva et al., 2022, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 182, 110144). The measured microdosimetric spectra can be weighted with a biological weighting function to estimate the Relative Biological Effectiveness of the radiation field, for the purpose of intercomparison between different thermal neutron sources. This work compares, therefore, the biological doses resulting from four different weighting functions applied to the same initial microdosimetric spectrum, discussing strengths and limitations of each of them.
EURADOS whole-body dosemeters intercomparisons: lessons learnt from individual results
Authors: Romero Ana Maria , Figel Markus , Grimbergen Tom , McWhan Andrew , Stadtmann Hannes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Every 2 years since 2008, Eurados WG2 has organised a whole-body dosemeters intercomparison (IC) in photon and beta fields. This paper presents the information that individual participants can extract from their results. The irradiation plan of each IC was designed to allow participants check the performance of some important characteristics of their dosimetry systems, in particular: linearity, angular response, energy response and response to mixed fields. The analysis of anomalous responses indicates that many systems can reduce the number of outliers by improving their calibration procedures.
A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation of the neutron response of multi-element microdosimetric detectors based on THick Gas Electron Multiplier
Authors: Singh R , Byun S H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations for the neutron response of the multi-element microdosimetric detector based on THick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM). Simulations were carried out using the MCNP6.2 code to calculate the deposited energy spectrum in the gaseous sensitive volumes for three different configurations, 7 × 3, 19 × 5, 37 × 7 that occupy a cylindrical volume of 5-cm diameter by 5-cm length. The energy response was computed from 10 keV to 2 MeV. The response variation was investigated between sensitive volumes as well as between layers. The simulated energy response showed a good agreement against the evaluated fluence-to-kerma conversion coefficients in the energy region 10–100 keV, whereas discrepancies were observed in the region above 250 keV. The angular response simulations showed a variation of less than 10%.
Fast method of determining the ambient dose equivalent at a depth of 10 mm of gamma-neutron fields based on recombination methods
Authors: Kuć Michał 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The subject of the work is the presentation of a new measurement algorithm to be used in dosimetry, based on recombination chambers and methods. The algorithm enables fast measurements of the ambient dose equivalent rate H*(10) with a time resolution of several seconds. In addition to significantly reducing the measurement time, the method allows for the automation of the measurement with continuous evaluation of the results quality. Operating principles are based on frequent charge measurements with precise determination of the measurement moment. With well-known charge and measurement time, the ionisation current and therefore H*(10) can be easily calculated. The time constant of such a system is close to zero and allows to shorten the measurement time dozens of times while improving the quality of measurement by analysing the collected charge course.
Photon spectra in NPL standard monoenergetic neutron fields
Authors: Roberts N J , Bennett A , Cheema S S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector has been used to measure the photon spectra in the majority of monoenergetic neutron fields produced at NPL (0.144, 0.250, 0.565, 2.0, 5.0 and 16.5 MeV). The HPGe was characterised and then modelled to produce a response matrix. The measured pulse height spectra were then unfolded to produce photon fluence spectra. The new spectra were used to improve the photon to neutron dose equivalent ratios from some earlier work at NPL with Geiger–Muller tubes and electronic personal dosemeters.
Occupational radiation dose on the hand of assisting medical staff in diagnostic CT scans
Authors: Nagamoto Keisuke , Moritake Takashi , Kowatari Munehiko , Morota Koichi , Nakagami Koichi , Matsuzaki Satoru , Nihei Shun-ichi , Kamochi Masayuki , Kunugita Naoki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chronic radiation exposure increases the risk of skin damage of medical personnel engaged in radiology. However, hand dose measurements in computed tomography (CT) for diagnostic purposes have not been evaluated. The occupational radiation dose to the hands of CT assistants was herein investigated to evaluate its compliance with the equivalent dose limit for the hand (500 mSv/year). The occupational doses of nine CT assistants were measured in 89 cases (April 2017–May 2018) by installing radio-photoluminescence glass dosemeters (GD-302 M) (70-μm dose-equivalent conversion coefficient = 0.37) on the dorsal aspect of both hands. The occupational dose to the hand was the highest with head holding (right: 1.14 mSv/CT scan, left: 1.07 mSv/CT scan). Considering the results for annual work, even for head holding, the hand dose of the CT-assisting personnel was insignificant. However, CT assistants should be mindful of the possibility of locally higher doses to hands.
Further development of the LNMRI/IRD’s TNF2 thermal system for flexible dose rate irradiation
Authors: Astuto Achilles , Patrão Karla C S , Fonseca Evaldo S , Pereira Walsan W , Lopes Ricardo T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ‘Inverse Square Law’ (ISL)( 1) requires the existence of a point radiation source to be validated, but in some cases where there is more than one source, its use is possible as long as a point is determined where a virtual source can be positioned and from this point the points correspond to the ISL. Ambient dose equivalent rate values were obtained by simulation and measurements at various points along the LNMRI Thermal Neutron Flux 2 (TNF2) central axis front face, determining a function corresponding to the inverse square of the distance and the font position at the virtual point ‘y0’, so that the ISL is respected. This function will help in the neutron monitors calibration, previously estimating the ambient dose equivalent at a certain distance from the face.
Evaluation of the neutron spectrum at flight altitude with Geant4 using different parameterizations
Authors: Pazianotto Maurício T , Federico Claudio A , Gonçalez Odair L , Carlson Brett V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cosmic-ray-induced particles at flight altitude present an increasing concern because of the development of aircraft with high maximum cruising altitude (higher than 40 000 ft) and because of the miniaturisation of and increase in the amount of embedded electronic systems. There are different codes used to estimate the radiation field through the atmosphere, using different approaches and Monte Carlo methods. This work aims to evaluate the influence on the neutron spectra at ground and flight altitude of the parameterizations employed to describe spallation reactions and the density profile of the atmosphere. The results show that different versions of Geant4 and the data driven models used significantly change the neutron fluence rate and the ambient dose equivalent rate. The results show that the different atmospheric density profiles considered do not significantly change the neutron spectra. In this work, we also present comparisons with onboard and ground level measurements.
Single-cell DNA sequencing—a potential dosimetric tool
Authors: Mathew Felix , Manalad James , Yeo Jonathan , Galarneau Luc , Ybarra Norma , Wang Yu Chang , Tonin Patricia N , Ragoussis Ioannis , Kildea John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We hypothesised that single-cell whole-genome sequencing has the potential to detect mutational differences in the genomes of the cells that are irradiated with different doses of radiation and we set out to test our hypothesis using in silico and in vitro experiments. In this manuscript, we present our findings from a Monte Carlo single-cell irradiation simulation performed in TOPAS-nBio using a custom-built geometric nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) model, which predicts a significant dose dependence of the number of cluster damages per cell as a function of radiation dose. We also present preliminary experimental results, obtained from single-cell whole-genome DNA sequencing analysis performed on cells irradiated with different doses of radiation, showing promising agreement with the simulation results.
Experimental validation of energy dependences of YALO3:Mn TL detectors: irradiation to ISO radiation qualities
Authors: Chumak Vadim , Zhydachevskyy Yaroslav , Voloskyi Vitaliy , Bakhanova Elena , Stasiv Vasyl , Gieszczyk Wojciech , Ubizskii Sergii , Berkowski Marek , Suchocki Andrzej 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The effect of application of filters, made of different materials and various thickness, is studied by Monte Carlo calculations using MCNP6.2 code. The calculated data were validated by experimental studies (benchmark tests). Experimental results obtained for YAlO3:Mn high-Z TL detectors irradiated to different standard ISO radiation qualities (X-ray series N-40, N-60, N-80, N-100, N-120, N-150 and N-200 as well as isotopic series S-Cs) modified by various metal (copper and aluminum) filters of thickness of 0.5, 0.8 and 1 mm. The experimental results are compared with results of Monte Carlo simulations done for the same ‘radiation-attenuator-detector’ combinations and geometry. Obtained results show good consistence between the experimental and calculated data that testifies adequacy of the used calculations and their applicability to modeling of modification of an output from the high-Z detectors exposed to photons of various energies.
Numerical model of human head phantom to ensure dosimetry of dose components for boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Michaś Edyta , Tyminska Katarzyna , Gryzinski Michal A , Kocik Janusz , Barczynski Ryszard J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Extremely important aspects of the boron neutron capture therapy are, first of all, administering to the patient a boron compound that selectively reaches the neoplastic cells, and in the second step, the verification of the irradiation process. This paper focuses on the latter aspect, which is the detailed dosimetry of the processes occurring after the reaction of thermal neutrons with the boron-10 isotope. The results of computer simulations with the use of a new type of human head phantom filled with a polymer dosimetric gel will be presented in this article.
EURADOS intercomparison IC2020ph on whole body dosemeters for photons
Authors: Boziari Argiro , Stadtmann Hannes , Askounis Panagiotis , Grimbergen Tom , Romero Ana , McWhan Andrew , Figel Markus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The European Dosimetry Group has been organising international intercomparisons (ICs) for personal dosemeters on a regular basis. The IC announced in 2020 was postponed to the end of 2020 and the beginning of 2021 due to coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions. The irradiation plan consisted of nine irradiation setups with five different photon radiation qualities (S-Cs, S-Co, N-150, W-60, W-80) and two different angles of irradiation incidence (0o and 60o). A total of 112 monitoring services from 50 countries with 132 dosimetry systems participated. The present work describes and analyses the individual results for the personal dose equivalent quantities Hp(10) and, if submitted, Hp(0.07) for all participating systems. It also presents the organisational details and the difficulties arising from the COVID-19 crisis during the IC. The statistical results showed a satisfactory performance with the medians of all Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) response values very close to unity. However, there are few individual monitoring services with significant large variations.
Evaluation of calibration factors of digital survey meters in a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory
Authors: Azah Collins K , Deatanyah Philip , Appiah Prince M , Osei Samuel , Amoako Joseph K , Sam Frederick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The calibration of radiological survey meters is an important consideration in achieving standardisation of doses. This provides traceability for field instruments to an International System of Units. Seventy-one digital survey meters were calibrated by the substitution method in a 137Cs beam in a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory using a PTW spherical ionisation chamber coupled to a Physikalisch-Technische-Werkstaetten (PTW) UNIDOS Electrometer. The calibration factors determined ranged from 0.59 to 1.98. Thirty-six pieces of equipment have their calibration factors within 0.9–1.1. A total of 36% of the survey meters recorded calibration factors corresponding to a percentage deviation above 20% whilst 64% fell within 20% deviations from the true value. The best value of a calibration factor obtained in this work was 1.00 from two survey meters. The errors due to survey meters being out of calibration can usually be corrected by frequent recalibration.