bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why National Economies Succeed
Authors: Kay John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although most of this book is concerned with the implications of my analysis for business policy, in this chapter I consider the relationship between business and public policy. What are the connections between competitive advantage in the firm and competitive advantage in the national economy? The free-market system succeeds when the pursuit of the former secures the latter, but there is no necessary equivalence between the two. I begin by looking at the reasons that markets may fail to produce efficient outcomes. I identify these as inequality of information, externalities, and the existence of natural or strategic monopoly. When these conditions exist, firms may add value for themselves, but this added value may represent an appropriation of existing value rather than an increment to national wealth. I go on to explore some implications for business ethics, suggesting that modern corporations have both classical and relational contracts between themselves and the communities in which they operate and that business behavior is governed by the terms of both types of contracts.
Suffixaufnahme in Hurrian and Urartian
Authors: Wilhelm Gernot 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hurrian is an Ancient Near Eastern language written in syllabic Babylonian cuneiform and to a lesser extent also in Ugaritic alphabetic script. It was widely spoken in the northern parts of the Fertile Crescent at least from the last quarter of the third millennium BCE on until the end of the second millennium BCE. For another half millennium it survived in small pockets in Kurdistan, whence the language originally came. Together with Sumerian, Akkadian, and Hittite, Hurrian was one of the most important written languages of the Ancient Near East. Among the Hurrian texts so far discovered are letters, myths, incantations, prayers, offering rituals, omens, examples of wisdom literature, and scribal tools such as word-lists and god-lists.
Suffixaufnahme and Apparent Ellipsis in Martuthunira
Authors: Dench Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This has certainly been something of a perceived tradition in the description of Australian languages, as Plank notes. But the defining away of Suffixaufnahme by recourse to the “genitive is an adjective” ploy crucially depends on there being a clear distinction between noun and adjective, and then on the principled assignment of genitive constructions to the adjective class. Of course, if there is no clear distinction between adjective and noun, then the ploy fails, in a trivial fashion.
Binder-Anaphors and the Diachrony of Case Displacement
Authors: Aristar Anthony Rodrigues 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In certain languages case marking that properly belongs to the head noun of an NP and defines the case relation which that head noun has in a higher phrase or clause appears affixed to the modifying noun or NP. In the majority of relevant languages (Moravcsik, this volume), case markers appear not merely on the dependent noun, but on the head noun as well.
Policy Crisis and Environmental Degradation
Authors: Southgate Douglas , Whitaker Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Does mounting derived demand for land, water, and other resource inputs to the rural economy imply that environmental degradation must accelerate? Certainly not. Indeed, the opposite result is entirely conceivable. That is, people might use and manage resources more, not less, carefully as scarcity values rise. Unfortunately, this response is unlikely under the policy regime applied in many Latin American nations, including Ecuador. By suppressing economic activity in the countryside, distorted macroeconomic and sectoral policies have probably caused some renewable resources to sit idle. But at the same time, those policies have weakened conservation incentives and have discouraged the use of human-made substitutes for environmental inputs.
Guidelines For Good Health: The Do’s And Don’ts
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the “Dietary Guidelines for Americans”-a joint venture of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the American Heart Association-our total dietary fat intake should not exceed 30 percent of our daily calories. This translates into 90 grams for active men and teenage boys (where the daily intake of calories is 2800 calories), 70 grams for children, active women, and most men (in a 2200-calories-per-day diet), and 50 grams for many women and older adults (in a 1600-calories per-day diet).
Diet And Disorders Of The Pancreas
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pancreas is an important gland in the digestive process and pours its external secretions, the pancreatic juice, into the upper duodenum. The enzymes of this fluid digest fat, protein, and starch into smaller units, a vital step in the digestion and absorption of our foodstuffs and a crucial one in the digestion of fats. The pancreas works in conjunction with the bile salts of the liver, which, as we learned in the previous chapter, are stored in the gallbladder and liberated into the duodenum at just the right time to meet up with pancreatic lipase-the fat splitting enzyme.
Malabsorption: Starvation In The Midst Of Plenty
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most dramatic form of malabsorption is celiac disease, often called celiac sprue or nontropical sprue, and more recently, gluten enteropathy. First appearing in young children, this disease can flare up in adulthood or even appear later in life. The clinical picture is a dramatic one-weakness, weight loss, diarrhea and bloating, distention and cramping, muscle wasting, fatigue, and loss of energy. These symptoms can all be explained by the failure of the intestine to absorb calories, especially fat calories, and minerals such as iron and calcium, which is associated with a slow protein leak in the intestine from the blood.
The Curse Of Ham A Case of Rabbinic Racism?
Authors: Goldenberg David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Who can deny that in the descendants of the Jews there persists and endures the evil inclination of their ancient ingratitude and lack of understanding, just as in the Negroes [there persists} the inseparable quality of their blackness.1 His linking of Jew and Black was not unusual. Indeed, the explicit and implicit comparison of these two peoples is found throughout western literature over many centuries. Leslie Fiedler may have been right when he said, “Surely the Negro cannot relish ... this improbable and unwanted yoking any more than the Jew.” Nevertheless, yoked they are, at least in the minds of the rest of the world. At various times and in various places, both peoples were said to be genetically diseased, physically and intellectually inferior, cursed by God, oversexed, more animal than human, ugly, smelly, and, of course, associated with the devil. From Jerome and Augustine, who saw biblical Ham as typologically the Jew while bio logically the Black, to the 1930s American graffito “A nigger is a Jew turned inside out,” these two peoples have been typecast as reflections of one another, and as substitutes for one another in society ‘s categorization of the Other. Voltaire put it succinctly: “One regards the Jews the same way as one regards the Negroes, as a species of inferior humanity.”
Negotiating Coalition: Black and Jewish Civil Rights Agencies in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Greenberg Cheryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American and Jewish American communities have long sought to organize for their own advancement through a variety of institutions, from mass to elite, from nationalist to integrationist, from conservative to radical. During the middle-twentieth century agencies advocating liberalism, coalition building, and integration into the political, economic, and social mainstream have been the most prominent. Examining the relationships between these organizations in the Black and Jewish communities, therefore, offers a profitable approach to Black-Jewish relations during the period of the modern civil rights movement. Such a study avoids the dangers of generalizing from the actions of a few (the “but Goodman and Schwerner were Jewish” argument) and has the added advantage of allowing us to trace developments over time, as organizational decisions and tactics changed. Budgets and staff allocation reveal the priorities of these groups, and are thus invaluable in understanding the extent to which Black Jewish collaboration went beyond rhetoric or good intentions. Furthermore, these agencies may in fact be the clearest representation of their communities that can be identified. Organizations that were economically supported by their community and claimed to speak for it constantly monitored their community ‘s feelings because moving too far ahead or behind group sentiment spelled financial and political disaster. Tracing the positions and priorities of successful ethnic organizations not only reveals the level of commitment the organized community felt toward civil rights questions, but almost as reliably also uncovers broader com munity views.
African Americans and Jews in Hollywood: Antagonistic Allies
Authors: Cripps Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethnic groups in America have enjoyed such a close association in the popular mind as have African Americans and Jews. And yet their shared affinities have often been clouded by ambiguities. From the earliest days of the alliance-such as in the heavily Jewish founding of the NAACP in 1909 or in the origins of Black-oriented Jewish foundations such as the Rosenwald Fund-lack of mutual trust has often blurred the shared goals of their common cause: the struggle to end racial and ethnic discrimination. Among Blacks in particular the alliance has been strained by a lingering sense that however philanthropic Jews had been, they also possessed the power to push buttons that allowed them to dictate the terms of the alliance. In such cases, stereotypes regain their ability to define diverse groups as one dimensional demons-Jewish conspirators or moneygrubbers as against Black wastrels and criminals.
Separate Paths: Blacks and Jews zn the Twentieth-Century South
Authors: Moore Deborah Dash 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Third of the population of the South is of the Negro race. No enterprise seeking the material, civil, or moral welfare of this section can disregard this element of our population and reach the highest success.” With these words Booker T. Washington began his Atlanta Exposition Address in 1895, a speech that catapulted him from a position as an innovative educator and builder of the Tuskegee Institute to the forefront of African American leadership. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Washington was widely acclaimed as America’s preeminent Black man, with more influence than any of his peers. His views on questions of race and relations of whites and Blacks gained him access to the White House as well as to the homes of wealthy white men. As for immigrants, Washington did not see them as integral to the South. “To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South,” he observed in the same address, “were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race, ‘Cast down your bucket where you are. ‘ Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know....” Washington concluded the paragraph with a metaphor that would become as famous as his call to cast down your bucket: “In all things purely social,” he assured his listeners, “we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.”
“Nation Time!”: Black Nationalism, The Third World, and Jews
Authors: Hartin Waldo E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early December 1968, a few weeks before SNCC’s flamboyant Stokely Carmichael left for a fourteen-month sojourn in Africa, he spoke to an enthusiastic and overflow audience of mostly Black college students at the historically Black A&T State University in Greensboro, North Carolina. Carmichael argued forcefully that a crucial element of the accelerating Black Power phase of the Black liberation struggle was the need for Blacks to define themselves more accurately as a people. He contended that they had to see themselves more geopolitically. This call for a diasporic and Pan-African sense of group awareness was pointed and clear. “We are Africans,” he intoned.
African Americans and Israel
Authors: Rubin Gary E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1993, the prominent Jewish writer Cynthia Ozick reviewed the course of African American-Jewish relations in the twenty years since the publication of her essay, “Literary Blacks and Jews.” She claimed that “uninformed assaults on Israel by black Americans (who are certainly not alone in this), and a willed misunderstanding of Middle Eastern events since 1967, have done more to destroy Jewish confidence in black goodwill and fairness than any number of homegrown ‘Hymietown ‘ quips.” Ozick there made a claim found frequently in recent Jewish analyses of Black-Jewish relations since the heyday of the civil rights movement in the mid-1960s. Several writers have argued that hostile African American attitudes toward Israel were a major factor in increasing tensions between Blacks and Jews in the late 1960s and remain a serious impediment to coalition today.
Structural Opacity
Authors: Ravid Dorit Diskin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discussion of the central role of structural opacity in processes of language change focuses on five constructions in Modern Hebrew that most clearly demonstrate different causes, manifestations, and results of opacity: Weak Syllables, Stop ! Spirant Alternation, Hif’il e/a Alternation, Case-Marked Pronouns and Junction. Each represents a distinct instance of current instability in morphological structure, deriving from both diachronic sources and from the unique position of spoken Modern Hebrew as a revived language. And all five alike highlight the initiation of change in a linguistic community (Baron 1977).
Principles and Strategies in Language Acquisition and Language Processing
Authors: Ravid Dorit Diskin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In discussing the task-specific tactical measures in Chapter 4 above we saw that children used such ad-hoc strategies differently from adults, and that there were certain similarities between the measures of children and of low SES adults. Young children typically used context-dependent strategies, relying on semantic and pragmatic cues rather than on structural ones. These findings are compatible with early strategies demonstrated by various researchers (e.g. Clark 1973a, Cromer 1976, Wilcox & Palermo 1974/5), as based on broad cognitive principles that are not necessarily linguistic in nature, e.g. the Probable Event Strategy (Strohmer & Nelson 1974) or the Appropriate/Inappropriate Contexts Strategy (Dewart 1975).
Null Subject Phenomena
Authors: Franks Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys the range of problems associated with the analysis of null subjects in the Slavic languages.1 In it are explored some of the ramifications of recent proposals within GB theory about the factors motivating case assignment to subject position. Section 7.1 introduces the issue of null subjects in general and presents a range of related Slavic problems. Section 7.2 treats null theta-marked subjects, and section 7.3 treats null expletive subjects. It is argued that case plays a crucial role in both morphological visibility at the level of Phonetic Form and semantic visibility at the level of Logical Form. The issue of which null and overt subjects are assigned case is addressed, and it is concluded that whereas all overt nominals require case, only those null nominals that must be semantically visible do. The implications of this model are then applied to the Slavic languages in section 7.4, where the problem of whether null expletives receive case is examined in detail.
Summary and Conclusions
Authors: Franks Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book, I have surveyed a comprehensive range of major aspects of Slavic syntax from the general perspective of Principles and Parameters theory. I would like in this final chapter briefly to summarize the results of this survey. The core topics covered the case-theoretic properties of numeral phrases, secondary predication, null subjects, and voice. Treatment of these problems led inevitably to discussion of a host of related issues and phenomena, as well as to the proposal of diverse mechanisms for expressing the differences among Slavic languages. The specific areas were of course selective and are by no means meant to provide an exhaustive account of Slavic syntax. My intent instead has been to demonstrate that by reconsidering familiar puzzles from the parametric perspective one can arrive at novel insights. In investigating, cataloguing, and analyzing related syntactic constructions across the Slavic languages, I have come to understand that on the one hand fundamental differences often lie beneath superficially similar constructions, and on the other that simple oppositions often tum out to explain a host of superficially umelated phenomena. The areas studied are representative of the kinds of problems that can be addressed and the solutions Government and Binding has to offer.
What Do the Police Do?
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The radio call came to the patrol officer late on a warm spring afternoon, directing him to investigate an automobile accident in a suburban residential neighborhood. At the scene he found a tow truck and its disgruntled operator gazing at the remains of an accident. According to the tow-truck driver, the driver of a 20-year-old Plymouth sedan had lost control of the vehicle at the intersection, crashed into a street sign, knocked over two newspaper vending machines, and careened through a bush onto the front lawn of a house. Muddy car tracks could be seen, and the broken vending machines were lying on the lawn. The driver of the car, who was drunk and abusive, had refused to wait for the police after the tow truck arrived. He and his car disappeared down the street and around a comer. The tow-truck operator supplied the license plate number and a full description of the car and driver. Checking by radio with radio dispatch, the police officer confirmed what he had suspected: The driver lived only a few blocks away.
The View from Inside
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic resource of the police is its people. If police are to be more successful in preventing crime, then police personnel will have to operate in new ways. This is easy to say but difficult to achieve. Large organizations develop customary ways of organizing activities, making decisions, and managing people. These habits constitute what is called the organizational culture of an institution. Organizational culture is like the water that fish swim in-it affects all that police do even though they are not aware of it. The organizational culture of the police is distinctive in four ways that powerfully shape what they are capable of doing. These are (1) the privileges of detectives, (2) the character of management, (3) the ethos of the occupation, and (4) the status of the police officer.
Agendas for Change
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Police are in a bind. They are costly without being clearly effective. The usefulness of their core strategies-mobile patrolling, visible presence, and deterrent criminal investigations-is doubtful. Understandably, therefore, during the 1980s, as crime and the costs of policing both rose inexorably, the police came urider acute political pressure to demonstrate that they were giving value for money. Their legitimacy was no longer guaranteed by their mission and their authority under law. The question naturally arises, then, What should the police be held responsible for doing? Both the public and the police seem to agree in general terms. The performance of the police should be judged in terms of three criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, and rectitude.
Taking Crime Prevention Seriously
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The police are supposed to prevent crime, but they are not demonstrably doing so. This is not because they think crime prevention is not their mission. Police do judge themselves by the standards of crime containment and crime reduction. The problem is that their strategies-deterrence through a visible patrol presence and through prompt apprehension and punishment of criminals-are not working. During the 1980s police began to recognize the limitations of these strategies. The result was an intensive, widespread effort to devise more effective approaches.
Options for Policing
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most critical decision modern societies must make concerning the police is whether they should be held responsible for preventing crime. For most people the answer is obvious: of course, what else? But the issue is not as simple as it seems. There are two reasons why making crime prevention central to the mission of the police may not be a good idea. First, the police may not be able to prevent crime. This is a matter of capability. Is it reasonable to expect that crime can be prevented by the actions of a single government agency whose main activity, at least until now, has been law enforcement? The answer depends on what is required to prevent crime. Furthermore, even if crime could be prevented through the focused effort of the police, can the police, as police departments are currently constituted, adapt enough to do it? The customary practices of the police have great institutional momentum, which will not be easy to change. Like aircraft carriers, police organizations may be capable of only wide and slow turns.
The Structure of Particle Constructions
Authors: Dikken Marcel den 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Particle constructions are an important probe into the structure of various secondary predicative constructions, as I shall try to show in what follows. Chapter 3 argues that the properties of particle constructions shed light on the analysis of triadic constructions. Before proceeding to this discussion, however, we should first of all establish the structure of particle constructions in general. To this end, I shall present in the pages to follow an in-depth investigation of the structure of COMPLEX PARTICLE CONSTRUCTIONS in English. The central claim to be defended is that, in any event in complex particle constructions, the particle is an ergativesmall clause (SC) head, selecting another SC as its complement. Towards the end of this chapter, the results of our case study of English complex particle constructions will be considered against the back ground of similar constructions in Dutch, and simplex particle constructions in both languages.