bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peter The Great’s Mysterious Jars: Bow To Pickle A Human Head and Other Great Achievements The Scientific Revolution
Authors: Asma Stephen T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Few Weeks Later I was on the trail again. I had learned a tremendous amount about the techniques, the history, and the philosophy behind taxidermy, but I had not yet gained an understanding of “wet” specimen preparation. I now understood the basics of a dry preparation such as Fama, but my mind returned to Peter the Great’s disturbing jars. Recall the czar’s strange display of the decapitated lovers. It turns out that Peter’s pickling of his paramour’s pate was a very early application of some new preserving technology.
This time my curiosity had brought me from Chicago to London. My wife, Heidi, and I took the tube from our hotel in South Kensington to the Holborn stop, and we made our way down Kingsway on a brilliant June morning. We eventually found ourselves in the lush greenery of Lincoln’s Inn Fields.
The park, entered through a large mock Tudor archway, was quite calm compared to the bustle of Kingsway’s business district. Wigged barristers hurried to and from their offices, lawyers arrived to play tennis during their lunch break, and homeless men slept off hangovers on nearby benches. Strangely enough, this bucolic park was employed as a public execution site in the seventeenth century.
Drama In The Diorama: The Confederation & Art and Science
Authors: Asma Stephen T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Museums That We’ve Studied throughout this journey reveal the tremendous diversity of goals and motives for collecting and displaying elements of the natural world. Yet underneath all these various constructions of nature, there has been a continuous dialogue between image-making activities and knowledge-producing activities. Unlike texts, natural history museums are inherently aesthetic representations of science in particular and conceptual ideas in general. The fact that a roulette wheel at the Field could touch the central nerves of our deep metaphysical convictions is an indication of a museum’s epistemic potential. After spending long stretches in many natural history museums, one begins to see that a display’s potential for education and transformation is largely a function of its artistic, nondiscursive character. Three-dimensional representations of nature (dioramas), two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of concepts (such as the roulette wheel), and visual images generally are not just candy coatings on the real educational process of textual information transmission. This chapter explores how and why visual communication works on museum visitors. And this requires an examination of the more general issue of how images themselves can be pedagogical, an issue that extends from da Vinci’s anatomy drawings to the latest video edutainment technology. These issues lead to a survey of some of the most recent trends in museology, followed by some reflections on the museum at the millennium.
The Facts About Rheumatoid Arthrits (Ra)
Authors: Koehn Cheryl , Palmer Taysha , Esdaile John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The PLAN TO WIN begins with arming yourself with knowledge about RA. Understanding what a diagnosis of RA means, recognizing symptoms, knowing how they affect your joints and internal organs, and exploring the causes of RA, all provide you with the information you need to make sense of what is happening in your body. Knowing these facts will enable you to have informed discussions with your rheumatologist (a physician specializing in arthritis detection and treatment) and other members of your health care team, and help you make sound decisions about all aspects of your treatment plan. By learning as much as possible about RA, you can gain a sense of control over the disease, and ultimately, achieve optimal health. It may take several readings of this chapter
Your Health Care Team
Authors: Koehn Cheryl , Palmer Taysha , Esdaile John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
That doesn't mean, of course, you must face this fight alone. There are all kinds of experienced and dedicated health care professionals ready to help you on your quest for achieving wellness. Ultimately, however, you are in the best position to decide who is on your health care team, and the goals of your treatment plan. After all, only you know what factors are most important to your own health and happiness. Perhaps, for example, you consider pain relief to be your most important goal in the short term, but in the long term, it's important to you to be able to play sports again, or work full-time in a particular occupation. Or maybe your short-term goal is to be able to do daily tasks without having to ask for help, while in the long term, you hope to have a baby. Whatever your individual desires, becoming clear about them will help you decide what help you need and who should provide it.
Medications
Authors: Koehn Cheryl , Palmer Taysha , Esdaile John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today, there is unanimity amongst rheumatologists worldwide that for persons with even mild RA, medication therapy forms an essential part of their treatment plan. However, for you—the person with RA—making the decision to include medication therapy can be difficult. Arming yourself with information on available medications will help you to make informed decisions about which one (or which combination) you should include in your treatment plan. Knowing what medications are commonly used; how they work; what their potential benefits and possible side effects are; how they are taken; and what they cost—all are factors to consider before making your decision
Relationships and Sexuality
Authors: Koehn Cheryl , Palmer Taysha , Esdaile John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Being in relationships is a basic part of being human—so much so, that we often take them completely for granted. Whether we're single or married, work at home or at an outside job, are highly social or more inwardly focused, we all depend on others to help us make sense of our lives, share companionship and laughter, and give and receive much-needed love and support during times of struggle. Relationships have cycles and a rhythm of their own, ups and downs brought on by events in our own lives or those of others. These events can be internal (such as coping with depression, or dealing with the onset of RA), or external (job changes, moving, childbirth, loss of a loved one). These stressors affect many aspects of our day-to-day lives, including the way we interact with others—and, often, the way others interact with us. We might become irritable, for instance, or seem to suddenly look at the world through new eyes and emerge with a whole different set of priorities— and this can cause reactions in others. As you may have discovered already, the onset of RA can be just such a life event.
Surgery
Authors: Koehn Cheryl , Palmer Taysha , Esdaile John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since surgery is far from being a certainty for people with RA, it seemed appropriate to reserve this chapter in the PLAN TO WIN as one of the last. In fact, if your disease is well controlled by the other components of your treatment plan (medication, exercise, physical and occupational therapy, mind-body work, among others), you may never need surgery to help manage the consequences of RA. However, for those with long-standing moderate to severe disease dealing with the hardship of daily pain or loss of joint use and disability in their life, surgery could be a saving grace.
Taking Leave and Opening Our Hearts
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bryan was nine when his best friend, Larry, died suddenly and unexpectedly. Larry’s parents had him cremated immediately and without ceremony. Bryan, naturally, was hurt terribly by the death of his friend. His own parents, Fran and Bob, comforted him as best they could. Bryan was distressed about not knowing where Larry was. He wanted a place to go to be with him. He asked his parents to assure him that if he were to die, they would bury him where other kids could find him. They said they expected he would live to old age. But they also promised to do what he asked. Bryan thought it would be great to have a large stone that kids could climb on. Fran and Bob agreed that, if they had to, they would make his grave a place that would be fun for kids to visit. In the months that followed, Fran noticed that Bryan made many drawings of two boys riding on a roller coaster. She asked if they were Bryan and Larry. He smiled and said they were. She saw in the drawings how much Bryan missed Larry. At the same time, he remembered the good times they had together. The drawings seemed like Bryan’s way of making his own memorial for Larry.
Frozen Scenes
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When someone we love dies, we can easily feel as if our world and our very selves are falling apart. An event beyond our control shakes us to the core. So much of what we have taken for granted is no longer possible. Our daily life is in pieces. Our hopes and dreams are shattered and we feel disconnected from others and no longer at home in the world. Our pain cuts deeply. We sense that we can never be the same persons we were. It can seem as if our hearts are broken. A profound change in our world calls for profound changes in us. The death undermines our sense of security. The enormity of the event and the challenges it presents make us fearful and anxious. The death clarifies how tenuous our hold is on the world and what we care most about in it. How vulnerable we feel! We long for safety and stability in the midst of chaos. We want security and order in our lives. A temporary retreat from our new world can provide stabilizing refuge-a time and place to feel and express our grief and be comforted. It offers an opportunity to take stock and ready ourselves to shape, and move into, a new order in our lives.
Conflicts about Ceremonies
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Olaf, Inge’s husband, died when he was seventy jour. Before he died, he often spoke with her and their children about what his funeral would be like. He knew there would be crying, but he hoped not much. He knew that someone would talk about him, and he hoped they would at least be fair. And he said that he didn’t want any women soloists. He knew Inge loved sopranos, but he couldn’t resist adding, “I’m afraid I might hear the screeching and not be able to get up and walk out.” When Olef died, Inge made the funeral arrangements herself. She asked her pastor to invite a soprano from the church choir to sing one of her favorite hymns. She was sure Olaf had been joking just to tease her and that he would neither hear nor be distressed. The soloist’s beautiful singing comforted Inge. But Lars, Inge’s oldest son, resented his mother’s decision. When he spoke with me he said, “I can’t understand how she could do such a thing when Dad was so clear about what he wanted. How could she be so selfish? I’ll never forgive her.”
Holding Them in Memory
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The direct simplicity of a children’s story can touch adult hearts as few things can. Sue Alexander’s Nadia the Willful is a perfect example. It charms and moves me whenever I read it. I ask those in my audiences to close their eyes and listen as I recite the engaging, full text aloud to them. Nadia was a Bedouin girl who lived in the desert with her father, the sheik Tarik, her mother, and six brothers. They called her Nadia the Willful because she was stubborn and had a fiery temper. The oldest brother, Hamed, was her father’s favorite son. Only he could tame Nadia’s temper and bring her to laughter. She followed him wherever he went. One day, Hamed mounted his father’s stallion and rode &lt;if[ in search of grazing land for the sheep. He never returned. After extensive searching, Tarik realized that Hamed was dead, claimed by the drifting sands. He told Nadia. She screamed and wept, crying repeatedly, “Not even Allah will take Hamed from me!” until Tarik insisted she be silent. Both were inconsolable .
Incomplete and Partial Memories
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1985 I gave a talk on “Grief, Love, and Separation” in Jerusalem. I took exception to prevailing theory at the time and urged that lasting love was both possible and desirable. When I .finished, an Israeli woman entered the discussion. She thanked me for being the first to reassure her about her efforts in the time since her son had died. When I asked her to elaborate, she told a remarkable story that helped me realize I was on the right track in understanding mourners. Her son left home in the city when he was a young man and went to live in a Kibbutz on Israel’s northern border. He lived there for several years and made a life and friends. I do not recall whether there had been many visits between them during those years, only that his mother found the separation difficult and wished he lived closer. One day, tragically, a mortar shell flew across the border from the north and killed her son. In the year since his death, she had missed him terribly. She said she had cried often and at times bitterly. She had no tears that day when she spoke to us.
The Dance Continues In Memory
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the concluding chapter of How We Grieve I tell the story of Kathryn. Her husband Mark died from an inoperable brain tumor when he was thirty-eight. His legacy to her included their two children Josh and Sarah, both under five when he died. Mark expressed concern that Josh and Sarah, being as young as they were, might forget him. He longed to be part of their lives after he was gone. Anticipating his death before the holidays, Kathryn wrote all on their Christmas list, explained that Mark was dying, and asked them to send remembrances of his life. Nearly a hundred responses came from family and friends all across the country, including photographs, extensive memories, stories that Kathryn had not heard, and expressions of affection and gratitude. She gathered them together in scrapbooks and shared them with Mark and the children on several evenings before he died. Together they provide a vivid and permanent record of the meanings that those who loved him found in Mark’s life. Mark told Kathryn it was the most wonderful gift he had ever received.
They Are with Us in Our Practical Lives
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Max and Gabe were lifelong friends. When they left the army, Max went to work for a large corporation based in their home city. Gabe joined his father in an antique business. Max and Gabe took turns as best man in the other’s wedding. They became godparents to each other’s children. Their families visited, played, and celebrated together. Max and Gabe continued to fish and hunt in season. Max drew Gabe into golf Gabe persuaded Max to join his Monday night men’s chorus. Both men provided well for their families, and talked often about their work. Max envied Gabe’s ability to work with his Dad and interact daily with his customers. Gabe repeatedly tried to persuade Max to join him and his father in the antique business. But each time, Max declined. Max wondered what he would have to offer. Although he loved old things, he knew little about buying and selling for a profit. He worried that if things did not go well, he could complicate Gabe’s relationship with his father or even spoil their own friendship.
Making Their Cares and Interests Our Own
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Max took over Gabe’s antique business. But he also took up fishing and singing in a chorus because of him. Their families visited, played, and celebrated together. Carla followed Marti in her devotion to her twin sisters. Kim followed Sandy into volleyball and softball. Dean became interested in animals, household repair, gardening, baseball, and keeping a journal because of his grandfather Nathan. Like them, we often follow those we love in other ways besides in the work we do. We make their cares and interests our own. We introduce one another to activities and experiences all the time. Sometimes we decide to try new things together. Often we find comparable satisfaction and meaning, though we may do and experience them in different ways. We don’t replicate the life patterns of our family members or friends, but we weave common threads of care and interest into them. Those we love influence our leisure lives. Particular family members or friends may attend movies or the theater. Participate in local productions. Delight in music.
Meeting Them in Familiar Places
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I returned to my parents’ home on Cross Street and my hometown many times in the years after Dad died. Mom changed the arrangements she had made at home to care for Dad while he was ill. She sorted through and disposed of most of his clothing and other personal items. She otherwise kept the house very much as it was before he died. Over the years she bought some furniture or carpet when old items wore out and rearranged things in ways that suited her. It seemed very much the same place to me nearly twenty-five years later when she left it for a retirement home. Men I visited, I easily remembered Dad in the various rooms of the house or out in the yard. I saw him napping after a hard day’s work, sitting before the television watching the Mite Sox or Cubs, eating at the kitchen or dining room table, sitting and listening while company chattered away or I played the piano, or joking with my friends. Occasionally, I told my children something about the grandfather they never met when we returned there together or as I remembered incidents in particular places.
Loss and Spiritual Pain
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early in the movie Shadowlands, C. S. Lewis speaks with Oxford students about the ideal of courtly love, a love that is pure, peifect, and, above all, unattainable. “The most intense joy lies not in the having, but in the desire.” Lewis, author of a scholarly book on this ideal of love in English literature, knows love of a woman only from what he has read. He is a confirmed bachelor in his midfifties. Later we glimpse Lewis in his public life as a well-known author of popular works on suffering and other spiritual and religious themes, science-fiction novels, and children’s books. He concludes a lecture about suffering and wonders aloud about an accident where a bus has killed twentyjour cadets. Could a good God allow such a thing? Does God want us to suffer? He confidently affirms that God “wants us to love and be loved.” He intimates that suffering may somehow be a gift from God that helps us to do these things. He is smooth and engaging. But he speaks again as if he has not known suffering personally. His answers to his difficult questions seem too abstract, intellectual, removed.
Afterword: Grief is a Journey of the Heart
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When those we love die, we embark on a journey of the heart. We begin in bereavement. The experience of loss deprives us of a living presence, a loved one. Our daily lives are thrown in disarray. Our life stories careen off their expected courses. Our connections with the larger contexts within which we find meaning are strained. We feel devastated and helpless in the face of forces and events we could not control. We experience heartbreak and miss those we love terribly. We meet their absence everywhere. We long for their return. We feel uprooted and homesick. We feel joyless, hopeless, and as if life is drained of its meaning. We wonder whether we have the heart to live on without them. The courage and motivation to face the challenges of relearning the world we experience. The will to reshape our shattered lives, to redirect our life stories. The faith and hope to sustain us on the journey. We do not want to stop loving them. We rightly resist those who say we must. We know in our hearts that it matters too much to us and to those who died .
What a Thing Is (Called)
Authors: Cavell Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I said that the use I wished to make of the term “criterion” in discussing Austin’s views is not fully analogous to its use in Wittgenstein’s investigations. The point of the analogy turned on the fact that neither sort of criterion serves as a mark of existence or reality but of identification or recognition, and that (hence) both are related to a knowledge of what a thing is (conventionally) called. The point of difference is this. In Austin’s cases, directed toward specific objects, there is a natural question about what, and whether you know what, the thing is called.
The Quest of Traditional Epistemology: Closing
Authors: Cavell Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The position we have arrived at is this. Having taken the force of the traditional investigations of our claims to know that the world exists to depend upon their proceeding in terms of our ordinary investigations of claims to knowledge; or: having interpreted Descartes’s claim for the “rea sonableness” of his grounds for doubt to be explicated as a claim that those doubts “arise naturally”, where that, in turn, means that any competent speaker of the language will know that they are relevant and know what their implications are; I arrived at a point at which I said that the basis offered by the philosopher as the basis of a claim to know that an object exists was not entered fully naturally.
Rules and Reasons
Authors: Cavell Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In its apotheosis of expediency, the moral philosophy of Utilitarianism has seemed to many philosophers to be at odds with two very elementary moral principles: that it is not an acceptable reason for breaking a promise that it is best on the whole not to keep it; and that an innocent person may not be treated as though he or she were guilty. In what is, to my mind, some of the most illuminating writing in ethical theory to appear in recent years, a number of philosophers have defended Utilitarianism against these standing objections by suggesting that its critics (perhaps even its authors) have mistaken the point of applicability of the Principle of Utility.
The Origin of Universal Scaling Laws in Biology
Authors: West Geoffrey B , Brown James H , Enquist Brian J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Life is the most complex physical system in the universe. One of its most salient features is its amazing diversity spanning more than 21 orders of magnitude in size. In spite of this variation, organisms from microbes to whales obey a host of remarkably simple and systematic empirical scaling laws that dictate how biological features change with size [2, 22, 27, 29]. These scaling laws apply to such fundamental quantities as metabolic rate (the rate at which energy must be supplied in order to sustain an organism), time scales (such as life span and heart rate), and sizes and shapes of component parts (such as length of the aorta or height of a tree). It is a remarkable fact that all of these can be expressed as power-law relationships with body-mass exponents that are simple multiples of 1/4 (e.g., 1/4, 3/4, 3/8). They appear to be valid for almost all forms of life, including mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, various groups of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine invertebrates, vascular plants, and unicellular algae and protists. Clearly the universal character of these “laws” is telling us something important about the way life is organized and the constraints under which it has evolved.