bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPPS of protected peptidyl aminoalkyl amides
Authors: Karavoltsos Manolis , Mourtas Spyros , Gatos Dimitrios , Barlos Kleomenis 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMonophthaloyl diamines derived from naturally occurring amino acids were attached through their free amino functions to resins of the trityl type. The phthaloyl groups were removed by hydrazinolysis, and peptide chains were assembled using Fmoc/tBu‐amino acids on the liberated amino functions. The peptidyl aminoalkyl amides obtained were cleaved from the resins by mild acidolysis, with the tBu‐side chain protection remaining intact. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR studies on Ni(II) induced cyclization of a histidine‐tagged peptide
Authors: Spiga Ottavia , Bernini Andrea , Scarselli Maria , Ciutti Arianna , Giovannoni Leonardo , Laschi Franco , Bracci Luisa , Niccolai Neri 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA linear decapeptide, HGASYQDLGH, was synthesized and used as a model to evaluate the effect of nickel addition upon non‐covalent backbone cyclization. The NMR data, obtained for the peptide in the presence of the metal ion, support the existence of predominant folded structures in solution, where the two His residues are maintained close to each other. These results suggest that insertion of even a single His residue at each peptide terminus can be used efficiently to reduce peptide flexibility without any backbone modification. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Class of Transpose Jacobian‐based NPID Regulators for Robot Manipulators with an Uncertain Kinematics
Authors: Huang C. Q. , Wang X. G. , Wang Z. G. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTranspose Jacobian‐based controllers present an attractive approach to
robot set‐point control in Cartesian space that derive the end‐effector posture
to a specified desired position and orientation with neither solving the inverse
kinematics nor computing the inverse Jacobian. By a Lyapunov function with
virtual artificial potential energy, a class of complete transpose Jacobian‐based
Nonlinear proportional‐integral‐derivative regulators is proposed in this
paper for robot manipulators with uncertain kinematics on the basis of the
set of all continuous differentiable increasing functions. It shows globally
asymptotic stability for the result closed‐loop system on the condition of
suitable feedback gains and suitable parameter selection for the corresponding
function set as well as artificial potential function, and only upper bound
on Jacobian matrix error and Cartesian dynamics parameters are needed. The
existing linear PID (LPID) regulators are the special cases of it. Nevertheless,
in the case of LPID regulators, only locally asymptotic stability is guaranteed
if the corresponding conditions are satisfied. Simulations demonstrate the
result and robustness of transpose Jacobian‐based NPID regulators. ©
2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Properties of Inertia Matrix and Gravity Vector of Dynamics of Rigid Manipulators
Authors: Ignacy  
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn this paper, with the use of Euler‐Lagrange formalism, it has been proven
which joint variables can influence entries of the inertia matrix and the
gravity vector of dynamics of a manipulator relative to the kinematic structure
of the manipulator. Some formulas, alternative to well‐known ones, are presented
that allow us to compute the inertia matrix and the gravity vector without
using a trace operator. These formulas are computationally inexpensive and
provide an inspiration for interesting interpretations. Complexity indices
are defined that are able to evaluate the complexity of dynamics of manipulators
based on their kinematics. A key role of the accumulated pseudoinertia matrix
of the manipulator has been shown. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CAT4 (Cable Actuated Truss—4 Degrees of Freedom): A Novel 4 DOF Cable Actuated Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Kossowski Craig , Notash Leila 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe CAT4 (Cable Actuated Truss—4 degrees of freedom) robot is a novel,
passively jointed, parallel robot utilizing six control cables for actuation.
The architecture has been under development at the Queen's University
Robotics Laboratory. The robot utilizes a passive jointed linkage with 18
revolute joints to constrain the end effector motion and provide the desired
structural stability, restricting the end effector to 3 translational degrees
of freedom (DOF) and 1 DOF for end effector pitch. This central mechanism
together with winched cable actuation gives a number of important benefits
for applications where the advantages of a parallel robot are required in
conjunction with light weight. Six electric motor driven winches control the
length of the cable actuators that extend from the top frame to points on
the end effector raft and jointed linkage to create a stiff, but lightweight,
actuated robot. Simulation work on the robot is presented giving the kinematics,
including a computational estimate of the workspace for a specific configuration.
Results of computational simulation of the motion of the manipulator and a
discussion of the advantages and potential difficulties are also presented.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing membership in parenthesis languages
Authors: Parnas Michal , Ron Dana , Rubinfeld Ronitt 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe continue the investigation of properties defined by formal languages. This study was initiated by Alon et al. [1], who described an algorithm for testing properties defined by regular languages. Alon et al. also considered several context free languages, and in particular Dyck languages, which contain strings of properly balanced parentheses. They showed that the first Dyck language, which contains strings over a single type of pairs of parentheses, is testable in time independent of n, where n is the length of the input string. However, the second Dyck language, defined over two types of parentheses, requires Ω (log n) queries. Here we describe a sublinear‐time algorithm for testing all Dyck languages. Specifically, the running time of our algorithm is Õ(n2/3/ϵ3), where ϵ is the given distance parameter. Furthermore, we improve the lower bound for testing Dyck languages to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\tilde{\Omega}$\end{document}(n1/11) for constant ϵ. We also describe a testing algorithm for the context free language LREV = {uurvvr : u, v ∈ Σ*}, where Σ is a fixed alphabet. The running time of our algorithm is
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath}\pagestyle{empty} \begin{document}$\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n/\epsilon}$ \end{document},
which almost matches the lower bound given by Alon et al. [1]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 22: 98–138, 2003
How many random edges make a dense graph hamiltonian?
Authors: Bohman Tom , Frieze Alan , Martin Ryan 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the number of random edges required to add to an arbitrary dense graph in order to make the resulting graph hamiltonian with high probability. Adding Θ(n) random edges is both necessary and sufficient to ensure this for all such dense graphs. If, however, the original graph contains no large independent set, then many fewer random edges are required. We prove a similar result for directed graphs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 22: 33–42, 2003
Note on Heath-Brown’s estimate for Heilbronn’s exponential sum
Authors: Yu Hong 
Published: November 2002

We show that

S
h

(
a
)
=

∑

n
=
1

p

e
(

a

n

h
p

p
2

)
≪
(
h
,
p
−
1
)

p

11

/

12

S_h(a)=\sum ^p_{n=1}e(\frac {an^{hp}}{p^2})\ll (h,p-1)p^{11/12}

, which generalizes Heath-Brown’s estimate for Heilbronn’s exponential sum

S
1

(
a
)

S_1(a)

. We also give a simple proof of a crucial lemma in Heath-Brown’s work.
Effect of follow‐up time on risk estimates: A longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort
Authors: Silver S.R. , Rinsky R.A. , Cooper S.P. , Hornung R.W. , Lai D. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundChoice of follow‐up time for an occupational cohort can influence risk estimates. We examined the effects of follow‐up time on relative risk estimates for leukemia and multiple myeloma in a cohort of 1,845 rubber hydrochloride workers.Materials and MethodsWe generated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for yearly follow‐ups, beginning each study in 1940 and increasing study end dates from 1950 through 1996. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the effects of follow‐up time on the exposure–response relationship.ResultsThe SMR for leukemia rose to 13.55 in 1961 and fell nearly monotonically to 2.47 by 1996. Cox modeling suggested interaction between cumulative exposure and time since exposure. A longer time to peak risk was seen for multiple myeloma.ConclusionsBecause summary risk estimates change with follow‐up time, exposure limits set using these estimates may not adequately protect workers. Consideration of appropriate follow‐up time and use of more complex temporal models are critical to the risk assessment process. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:481–489, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical stability and error analysis for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Prudhomme S. , Oden J. T. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a strategy to control errors in finite element approximations of the time‐dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The approach involves estimating the errors due to the discretization in space, using information from the residuals in the momentum and continuity equations. Following a numerical stability analysis of channel flows past a cylinder, it is concluded that the errors due to the residual in the continuity equation should be carefully controlled since it appears to be the source of unphysical perturbations artificially created by the spatial discretization. The performance of the adaptive strategy is then tested for lid‐driven oblique cavity flows. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method of fundamental solutions: singular value decomposition analysis
Authors: Ramachandran P. A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe method of fundamental solutions (also known as the singularity or the source method) is a useful technique for solving linear partial differential equations such as the Laplace or the Helmholtz equation. The procedure involves only boundary collocation or boundary fitting and hence is a very fast procedure for the solution of these classes of problems. The resulting coefficient matrix, is however ill‐conditioned and hence the solution accuracy is sensitive to the location of the source points. In this paper, an alternative solution procedure based on the singular value decomposition of the coefficient matrix is suggested and it is shown that the numerical results are extremely accurate (often within machine precision) and relatively independent of the location of the source points. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of essential oil constituents by cultured cells of Carum copticum L.
Authors: Lockwood G. B. , Asghari G. , Hakimi B. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCallus cultures of Carum copticum were established from cotyledons and healthy suspensions grown using Murashige and Skoog medium. The dichloromethane extract of cell suspension culture of Carum copticum was analysed by GC and GC–MS; 41 components were identified, of which the major constituents were found to be elemol (11.5%), α‐cadinol (10.6%), δ‐cadinene (7.8%), caryophyllene (6.2%), muurolol (4.9%), β‐eudesmol (3.1%), β‐elemene (3.9%), α‐muurolene (2.6%), limonene (2.4%) and α‐humulene (2.0%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical and biological studies of Ocotea comoriensis bark essential oil
Authors: Menut C. , Bessière J. M. , Said Hassani M. , Buchbauer G. , Schopper B. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe essential oil of Ocotea comoriensis Kostermans (Lauraceae) was obtained from bark by hydrodistillation of plant material collected in the Comoros Islands. Analysis by GC and GC–MS indicates a terpenic chemical composition, with camphene, α‐pinene and bornyl acetate as the major components. The volatile extract did not reveal important antioxidant, larvicide or antimalarial properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragrances: are they safe?
Authors: Cadby Peter A. , Troy William R. , Middleton John D. , Vey Matthias G. H. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn recent years it has become fashionable to criticize the use of fragrances in our society, suggesting that this use is associated with a variety of negative effects. We review the key areas of criticism, which have suggested adverse safety and environmental effects, with an emphasis on the science, rather than speculation, regarding these issues. In conclusion, an adequate review and testing mechanism exists to assure the safety of fragrance materials, and their combination in mixtures, for the consumers of fragranced products. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient synthesis and crystal structure of novel 1‐oxo‐2‐propyl‐4‐(substituted)phenylimino‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro[1,4,3]thiazaphosphorino[4,3‐a][1,3,2]benzodiazaphosphorine 3‐oxides
Authors: Huang Junmin , Chen Hui , Chen Ruyu 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA series of 1‐oxo‐2‐propyl‐4‐(substituted)phenylimino‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro‐[1,4,3]thiazaphosphorino[4,3‐a][1,3,2]benzodiazaphosphorine 3‐oxides (5a–g) has been synthesized in excellent yields via the reaction of 1‐(2‐bromoethyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐propyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphorin‐4(1H)‐one 2‐oxide with (substituted) phenyl isothiocyanates, which contain the proximate imino and phosphoryl groups in the fused heterocycle. The structures of all of the new compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods and microanalyses. The results from X‐ray crystallography analysis of 5a showed that the proximate imino and phosphoryl groups are not coplanar due to their being jointly located in the fused heterocycle, thus having ring tension, and this then destroys the conjugation between the CN and the PO moieties. As a result, the length of the PC bond, measured as 1.8285(18) Å, is just the same as that of a PC bond not involved in conjugation (1.80–1.85 Å). Also, the C(1), C(2), S(1), C(3), P(1), and N(2) atoms of the [1,4,3]thiazaphosphorino moiety exist preferably in the boat conformation. The coplanar C(1), N(2), C(3), and S(1) atoms, within an average deviation of 0.0564 Å, form the ground floor of the boat conformation, whereas, the P(1) and C(2) atoms are on the same side of the coplanar structure with the distance of 0.7729 Å and 0.7621 Å, respectively. On the other hand, around the CN double bond, the P(1)C(3) bond and the N(1)C(11) bond are in a trans relationship because of the repulsive action of the n‐propyl group in the 2‐position of the title compound. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:599–610, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10041
Interactions of a new 2‐styrylchromone with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Peixoto Francisco , Barros Ana I. R. N. A. , Silva Artur M. S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMany chromones, especially those having 2‐substituents, manifest a remarkable variety of biological activities, such as the important cytotoxicity against human leukaemia cells, antiallergic, anticancer activities; unfortunately chromones normally disturb mitochondrial bioenergetics. A new 2‐styrylchromone has been synthesized by the Baker–Venkataraman method and a classical approach has been used to assess the effects of 2‐styrylchromone (3′‐allyl‐4′,5,7‐trimethoxy‐2‐styrylchromone) on rat liver mitochondrial bioenergetic. Mitochondrial respiratory rate and transmembrane potential were measured polarographically using a Clark oxygen electrode and with a selective electrode, respectively. All the disturbance induced by 2‐styrylchromone on the enzymatic activities (succinate dehydrogenase, succinate cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase) and in the mitochondrial osmotic volume were determined spectrophotometrically. State 4, state 3, and uncoupled (presence of carbonylcyanide p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) respiration rates were decreased by 2‐styrylchromone in a concentration‐dependent manner. Depression of respiratory activity promoted by 2‐styrylchromone is essentially mediated through partial inhibition of succinate cytochrome c reductase. Phosphorylation capacity was strongly depressed as a result of an inhibition on the enzymatic complex (F0F1‐ATPase) and also because of a deleterious effect on the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, which uncoupled the respiration‐generated proton gradient with the proton‐driven phosphorylation. The structural integrity of the outside membrane is severely affected since cytochrome c can be released. 2‐Styrylchromone uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by an inhibitory action on the redox chain and ATP synthase activity. Additionally, it can release cytochrome c. Cell death can probably result due to the induction of procaspase‐9 and other procaspases and by a strong decrease of the available ATP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:220–226, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10042
Improved antisense oligonucleotide induced exon skipping in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Mann Christopher J. , Honeyman Kaite , McClorey Graham , Fletcher Sue , Wilton Stephen D. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disorder caused by dystrophin gene mutations that preclude synthesis of a functional protein. One potential treatment of the disorder has utilised antisense oligoribonucleotides (AOs) to induce removal of disease‐associated exons during pre‐mRNA processing. Induced in‐frame mRNA transcripts encode a shorter but functional dystrophin. We have investigated and improved the design of AOs capable of removing exon 23, and thus the disease‐causing nonsense mutation, from mRNA in the mdx mouse model of DMD.MethodsH−2Kb‐tsA58 mdx cultures were transfected with complexes of Lipofectin and AOs. Exon skipping was detected by RT‐PCR and subsequent protein production was demonstrated by Western blotting. AOs were delivered at a range of doses in order to compare relative efficiencies.ResultsWe describe effective and reproducible exon 23 skipping with several AOs, including one as small as 17 nucleotides. Furthermore, the location of a sensitive exon 23 target site has been refined, whilst minimum effective doses have been estimated in vitro. These doses are significantly lower than previously reported and were associated with the synthesis of dystrophin protein in vitro.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the increasing feasibility of an AO‐based therapy for treatment of DMD. By refining AO design we have been able to reduce the size and the effective dose of the AOs and have dramatically improved the efficiency of the technique. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Listeria monocytogenes mediated CFTR transgene transfer to mammalian cells
Authors: Krusch Stefan , Domann Eugen , Frings Monika , Zelmer Andrea , Diener Martin , Chakraborty Trinad , Weiss Siegfried 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundSeveral approaches for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis using viral and non‐viral vectors are currently being undertaken. Nevertheless, the present data suggest that vectors currently being used will either have to be further modified or, alternatively, novel vector systems need to be developed. Recently, bacteria have been proven as suitable vehicles for DNA transfer to a wide variety of eukaryotic cells. In this study, we assessed the ability of the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to deliver a cDNA encoding the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to CHO‐K1 cells, since these cells have been extensively used for heterologous CFTR expression.MethodsAn established in vitro gene transfer system based on antibiotic‐mediated lysis of intracellular L. monocytogenes was exploited to transfer eukaryotic expression plasmids. Transient as well as stable CFTR transgene expression was analyzed by microscopical and biochemical methods; functionality was tested by whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings.ResultsL. monocytogenes mediated gene transfer to CHO‐K1 cells was facilitated by an improved transfection protocol. In addition, the use of the isogenic mutant L. monocytogenes hlyW491A, engineered to produce a hemolysin variant with low toxigenic activity, greatly enhanced the efficiency of gene transfer. This strain allowed the transfer of functional CFTR to CHO‐K1 cells.ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration of L. monoyctogenes mediated CFTR transgene transfer. The successful in vitro transfer suggests that L. monocytogenes might be a potential vector for cystic fibrosis gene therapy or alternative applications and deserves further investigation in vitro as well as in vivo. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A trace formula for Hankel operators
Authors: Gheondea Aurelian , Ober Raimund 
Published: November 2002

We show that if

G
G

is an operator valued analytic function in the open right half plane such that the Hankel operator

H
G

H_G

with symbol

G
G

is of trace-class, then

G
G

has continuous extension to the imaginary axis,
\[

G
(
∞
)
:=

lim

r
→
∞

r
∈

R

G
(
r
)

G(\infty ):=\lim \limits _{r \rightarrow \infty \atop r \in \mathcal {R}} G(r)

\]
exists in the trace-class norm, and

t
r

(

H
G

)
=

1
2

t
r

(
G
(
0
)
−
G
(
∞
)
)

\mathrm {tr}(H_G)={1\over 2}\, \mathrm {tr}(G(0)-G(\infty ))

.
The Wiener transform on the Besicovitch spaces
Authors: Heil Christopher 
Published: November 2002

In his fundamental research on generalized harmonic analysis, Wiener proved that the integrated Fourier transform defined by

W
f
(
γ
)
=
∫
f
(
t
)

(

e

−
2
π
i
γ
t

−

χ

[
−
1
,
1
]

(
t
)
)

/

(
−
2
π
i
t
)

d
t

Wf(\gamma ) = \int f(t) \, (e^{-2\pi i \gamma t} - \chi _{[-1,1]}(t))/(-2\pi i t) \, dt

is an isometry from a nonlinear space of functions of bounded average quadratic power into a nonlinear space of functions of bounded quadratic variation. We consider this Wiener transform on the larger, linear, Besicovitch spaces

B

p
,
q

(

R

)

{\mathcal {B}}_{p,q}({\mathbf {R}})

defined by the norm

‖
f

‖

B

p
,
q

=

(

∫

0

∞

(

1

2
T

∫

−
T

T

|

f
(
t
)

|

p

d
t

)

q

/

p

d
T

T

)

1

/

q

\|f \|_{{\mathcal {B}}_{p,q}} = \bigl (\int _{0}^{\infty }\bigl (\frac {1}{2T} \int _{-T}^{T} |f(t)|^{p} \, dt\bigr )^{q/p} \frac {dT}{T}\bigr )^{1/q}

. We prove that

W
W

maps

B

p
,
q

(

R

)

{\mathcal {B}}_{p,q}({\mathbf {R}})

continuously into the homogeneous Besov space

B
˙

p
′

,
q

1

/

p
′

(

R

)

{\dot {B}}^{1/p’}_{p’,q}({\mathbf {R}})

for

1
>
p
≤
2

1 > p \le 2

and

1
>
q
≤
∞

1 > q \le \infty

, and is a topological isomorphism when

p
=
2

p=2

.
Del(1)(q23) in a patient with Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria
Authors: Delgado Luengo Wilmer , Rojas Martínez Augusto , Ortíz López Rocío , Martínez Basalo Caridad , Rojas‐Atencio Alicia , Quintero Maribel , Borjas Lisbeth , Morales‐Machín Alisandra , González Ferrer Sandra , Pineda Bernal Lennie , Cañizalez‐Tarazona Jenny , Peña Joaquín , Delgado Luengo Juana , Chacín Hernández José , Chong Chang José 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA 9‐year‐old patient with the classical clinical picture of Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria (HGP) is described. The karyotype shows a 46,XY,del(1)(q23) constitution. Our findings suggest that the interval 1q23 may play a roll in the etiology of HGP. A perturbation in glycosylation in connective tissue has been demonstrated in patients with this condition. This abnormality may be due to a defect in the UDP‐galactose:β‐N‐acetylglucosamina‐β‐1,4‐galactosyltransferase 3 (B4GALT3) gene that has been mapped in the interval 1q21‐23. The cytogenetical analyses of this patient suggest that the B4GALT3 gene could be involved in the pathogenesis of HGP. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.