bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO2 differentially attenuates beryllium‐induced oxidative stress in oat and alfalfa
Authors: Sheteiwy Mohamed S. , Basit Farwa , El‐Keblawy Ali , Jośko Izabela , Abbas Saghir , Yang Haishui , Korany Shereen Magdy , Alsherif Emad A. , Dawood Mona F. A. , AbdElgawad Hamada 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElevated CO2 (eCO2) is one of the climate changes that may benefit plant growth under emerging soil contaminants such as heavy metals. In this regard, the morpho‐physiological mechanisms underlying the mitigating impact of eCO2 on beryllium (Be) phytotoxicity are poorly known. Hence, we investigated eCO2 and Be interactive effects on the growth and metabolism of two species from different groups: cereal (oat) and legume (alfalfa). Be stress significantly reduced the growth and photosynthetic attributes in both species, but alfalfa was more susceptible to Be toxicity. Be stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by increasing photorespiration, subsequently resulting in increased lipid and protein oxidation. However, the growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by Be stress were mitigated by eCO2. This could be explained, at least partially, by the increase in organic acids (e.g., citric acid) released into the soil, which subsequently reduced Be uptake. Additionally, eCO2 reduced cellular oxidative damage by reducing photorespiration, which was more significant in alfalfa plants. Furthermore, eCO2 improved the redox status and detoxification processes, including phytochelatins, total glutathione and metallothioneins levels, and glutathione‐S‐transferase activity in both species, but to a greater extend in alfalfa. In this context, eCO2 also stimulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by accumulating its precursors (phenylalanine, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and naringenin) and key biosynthetic enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, cinnamate hydroxylase, and coumarate:CoA ligase) mainly in alfalfa plants. Overall, this study explored the mechanistic approach by which eCO2 alleviates the harmful effects of Be. Alfalfa was more sensitive to Be stress than oats; however, the alleviating impact of eCO2 on Be stress was more pronounced in alfalfa.
Family separation from military service and children's externalizing symptoms: Exploring moderation by non‐military spouse employment, family financial stress, marital quality, and the parenting alliance
Authors: Richardson Sabrina M. , Pflieger Jacqueline C. , Hisle‐Gorman Elizabeth , Briggs Ernestine C. , Fairbank John A. , Stander Valerie A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMilitary separation is a well‐documented vulnerability point for service members, yet little is known regarding how children fare across this transition. The current study examined 909 military‐connected children from the Millennium Cohort Family Study (Wave 1 Mage = 3.88 years, SD = .095) across a 3‐year period to explore whether separation predicted child externalizing symptoms over and above Wave 1 externalizing levels, by comparing separated versus not separated military families over time. We also explored if non‐military spouse employment, financial stress, marital quality, or parenting alliance moderated the relation of separation with child externalizing. Data were collected via a parent‐reported online questionnaire and administrative military records. Results showed that separation was unrelated to externalizing. However, moderation analyses suggested that for those who separated, non‐military spouses’ employment prior to separation was related to less externalizing, whereas the parenting alliance was related to less externalizing only for families who remained in the military. Recommendations include assistance with spouse employment prior to military separation and parenting support throughout military service.
Beekeeping, stewardship and multispecies care in rural contexts
Authors: Maderson Siobhan , Elsner‐Adams Emily 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRural society consists of both humans and other‐than‐human species, whose needs may appear to contradict each other. There is a growing awareness of the shared ecological fate of all members of this interspecies community and the importance of transitioning to more caring, sustainable relationships between species. Various rural activities, and relationships with other species, are considered to be avenues for promoting care and stewardship of other‐than‐human species. Using interviews, archives and ethnographic research, this article explores how beekeepers navigate multiple and interrelated challenges as they care for their bees and the implications of this care for other species. The beekeeping community is heterogeneous and experiencing dramatic changes. This article finds that beekeepers have different motivations underpinning their diverse practices, yet all share a sense of stewardship for their own bees and for the wider physical environment; this manifests in their understanding of and interactions with other members of rural society. We propose that interspecies understandings and caring relationships, as exemplified within beekeeping, can support efforts towards sustainable socio‐ecological transitions.
Investigation on the forage utilization of indica and japonica weedy rice with strong ratooning ability
Authors: Dong Chenfei , Xu Nengxiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere was few research on the utilization and development of weedy rice. Some weedy rice has remarkable good characteristics as forage in some soil which is difficult to plant crops and pastures. In this study, two weedy rice lines of japonica and indica subspecies with high ratooning ability (Xijing, japonica; Gaoxian, indica) were used to study the possibility of their forage utilization and related suitable cultivation methods. Three different stubble heights of first season were set in 2018 and 2019, and three cutting times of first season (heading stage, milk stage, and waxy ripening stage) were set in 2019. The ratoon grass was harvested 40 days after the first season harvest. For japonica weedy rice line Xijing, its grass yield was significantly lower than that of indica weedy rice line Gaoxian. The dry matter yield of first season grass plus ratoon grass of Gaoxian with the first season harvested at milk stage was the highest of all. The total digestible dry matter yield (first season grass plus ratoon grass) of Gaoxian with 15 cm cutting stubble of first season was higher than those of stubble 30 and 45 cm treatments (p < .05). In conclusions, indica weedy rice line Gaoxian, with high biomass of first season and good ratooning ability, had the good potential for forage development by harvesting first season at milk stage with 15 cm stubble height.
Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson: A new threat to agriculture in Europe and the Mediterranean region
Authors: Matzrafi Maor , Scarabel Laura , Milani Andrea , Iamonico Duilio , Torra Joel , Recasens Jordi , Montull José María , Llenes Josep Maria , Gazoulis Ioannis , Tataridas Alexandros , Rubin Baruch , Pardo Gabriel , Cirujeda Alicia , Marí Ana Isabel , Mennan Husrev , Kanatas Panagiotis , Dogan Mehmet Nedim , Beffa Roland , Travlos Ilias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmaranthus palmeri S. Watson is a dioecious broad‐leaved species characterised by rapid growth, high seed production, efficient resource use and adaptability to diverse environments and cropping systems. A. palmeri populations are spreading beyond their native range in south western United States, into the Mediterranean region and have been reported in several European and Mediterranean countries. First stands were located along roadsides, and later in nearby agricultural fields. Possible routes of introduction include contaminated animal feed and grain shipments for industrial processing. Some European A. palmeri populations appear to be already resistant to 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase and acetolactate synthase inhibitors when imported. Recent studies suggest that this trait may have evolved in the origin country before the introduction into southern Europe and the wider Mediterranean region. Effective, transboundary networks have to be established between farmers and researchers to raise agricultural community awareness and continuously monitor the invasiveness of A. palmeri in Europe. In this review, we first highlight botanical characteristics that allow accurate identification of A. palmeri from closely related Amaranthus species. Then, we summarise recent reports on the occurrence of A. palmeri in Europe and the Mediterranean region. We proceed to assess future invasion and spread across Europe according to climate and agricultural practices. In addition, we review measures to early detect A. palmeri and emphasised on feasible, chemical and non‐chemical weed control methods as components of integrated weed management to mitigate the impact of A. palmeri invasion on European agriculture.
A Method Proposed to Predict Particle Deposition Based on Critical Viscosity Model and Roughness Height Prediction in a Turbine Cascade
Authors: Wang Hong , He Peilin , Li Jialong , Lu Huawei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Particle deposition is a common phenomenon in a turbine cascade. It can change the surface condition, which influences the flow and heat transfer. It is very important to accurately predict particle deposition and surface condition changes. In this study, a combined particle deposition algorithm is proposed based on the critical viscosity deposition model and roughness height prediction. It couples the influence of surface roughness into the particle deposition. The combined model newly developed is employed for the particle deposition. Its effects in a turbine cascade with the combined model are discussed. The results show the deposition is mainly concentrated on the leading edge of the cascade and the pressure side. Small diameter particles are mainly deposited on the suction side and the large ones are mainly deposited on the pressure side due to inertial effect. The deposition number increases with the particle diameter. As time goes by, more particles deposit on the wall, which builds roughness height and shows a spreading characteristic. Heat transfer is enhanced by the surface roughness and flow characteristics including separation vortex and leakage vortex, in which flow pattern may dominate the effect. In addition, the separation vortex and leakage vortex have a significant effect on the deposition distribution, especially for small diameter particles.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Transitional and Turbulent Flows Over Multi-Scale Surface Roughness—Part I: Methodology and Challenges
Authors: Nardini Massimiliano , Kozul Melissa , Jelly Thomas O. , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High-fidelity simulation of transitional and turbulent flows over multi-scale surface roughness presents several challenges. For instance, the complex and irregular geometrical nature of surface roughness makes it impractical to employ conforming structured grids, commonly adopted in large-scale numerical simulations due to their high computational efficiency. One possible solution to overcome this problem is offered by immersed boundary methods, which allow wall boundary conditions to be enforced on grids that do not conform to the geometry of the solid boundary. To this end, a three-dimensional, second-order accurate boundary data immersion method (BDIM) is adopted. A novel mapping algorithm that can be applied to general three-dimensional surfaces is presented, together with a newly developed data-capturing methodology to extract and analyze on-surface flow quantities of interest. A rigorous procedure to compute gradient quantities such as the wall shear stress and the heat flux on complex non-conforming geometries is also introduced. The new framework is validated by performing a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of fully developed turbulent channel flow over sinusoidal egg-carton roughness in a minimal-span domain. For this canonical case, the averaged streamwise velocity profiles are compared against results from the literature obtained with a body-fitted grid. General guidelines on the BDIM resolution requirements for multi-scale roughness simulation are given. Momentum and energy balance methods are used to validate the calculation of the overall skin friction and heat transfer at the wall. The BDIM is then employed to investigate the effect of irregular homogeneous surface roughness on the performance of an LS-89 high-pressure turbine blade at engine-relevant conditions using DNS. This is the first application of the BDIM to realize multi-scale roughness for transitional flow in transonic conditions in the context of high-pressure turbines. The methodology adopted to generate the desired roughness distribution and to apply it to the reference blade geometry is introduced. The results are compared to the case of an equivalent smooth blade.
A multicomponent propane monooxygenase catalyzes the initial degradation of methyl
tert
-butyl ether in
Mycobacterium vaccae
JOB5
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Ren Hao , Kong Xiangyu , Wu Hao , Lu Zhenmei 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Methyl
tert
-butyl ether (MTBE) has been recognized as a groundwater contaminant due to its widespread distribution and potential threat to human health. The limited understanding of the enzymes catalyzing MTBE degradation restricts their application in MTBE bioremediation. In this study, an MTBE-degrading soluble di-iron monooxygenase that clusters phylogenetically with a known propane monooxygenase (PRM) encoded by the
prmABCD
gene cluster was identified and functionally characterized, revealing their role in MTBE metabolism by
Mycobacterium vaccae
JOB5. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of
prmABCD
was upregulated when JOB5 was induced by MTBE.
Escherichia coli
Rosetta heterologously expressing
prmABCD
from JOB5 could transform MTBE, indicating that the PRM of JOB5 is capable of the initial degradation of MTBE. The loss of the gene encoding the oxygenase α-subunit or β-subunit, the coupling protein, or the reductase disrupted MTBE transformation by the recombinant
E. coli
Rosetta. In addition, the catalytic capacity of PRM is likely affected by residue G95 in the active site pocket and residues I84, P165, A269, and V270 in the substrate tunnel structure. Mutation of amino acids in the active site and substrate tunnel resulted in inefficiency or inactivation of MTBE degradation, and the activity in 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) degradation was diminished less than that in MTBE degradation.

IMPORTANCE
Multicomponent monooxygenases catalyzing the initial hydroxylation of MTBE are important in MTBE biodegradation. Previous studies of MTBE degradation enzymes have focused on P450s, alkane monooxygenase and MTBE monooxygenase, but the vital role of soluble di-iron monooxygenases has rarely been reported. In this study, we deciphered the essential catalytic role of a PRM and revealed the key residues of the PRM in MTBE metabolism. Our findings provide new insight into the MTBE-degrading gene cluster and enzymes in bacteria. This characterization of the PRM associated with MTBE degradation expands our understanding of MTBE-degrading gene diversity and provides a novel candidate enzyme for the bioremediation of MTBE-contaminated sites.
Detailed β-(1→3)-D-glucan and mannan antigen kinetics in patients with candidemia
Authors: Träger Johannes , Dräger Sarah , Mihai Sidonia , Cipa Franziska , Busse Grawitz Andrea , Epting Thomas , Meyer Renate , Rappold Elfriede , Held Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Fungal antigens such as β-(1→3)-D-glucan (BDG) or mannan (Mn) are useful for detection of candidemia. However, detailed data on serum levels before diagnosis and during treatment are scarce. We conducted a prospective study at two German tertiary care centers for 36 months. Sera from adult patients with candidemia were tested for BDG (Fungitell assay) and Mn (Platelia
Candida
Ag-Plus assay). For each patient, the clinical course and biomarker kinetics were closely followed and compared. 1,243 sera from 131 candidemia episodes and 15 relapses were tested. In 35% of episodes, empirical therapy included an antifungal drug. Before blood culture sampling, BDG and Mn levels were elevated in 62.4% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. Sensitivity at blood culture sampling was 78.6% (BDG) and 35.1% (Mn). BDG levels of non-survivors were significantly higher than those of survivors. During follow-up, a therapeutic response was associated with decreasing BDG and Mn levels in 84.3% or 70.5% of episodes, respectively. A median increase of 513 pg BDG/mL and 390 pg Mn/mL indicated a relapse of candidemia with a sensitivity of 80% or 46.7%, respectively. In 72.9% and 46.8% of patients, increasing BDG or Mn levels were associated with a fatal outcome. Prior to discharge, BDG and Mn levels had dropped or normalized in 65.7% or 82.1% of patients, respectively. Summarising, in patients with candidemia, biomarker positivity usually precedes culture positivity. Relapses are mostly accompanied by secondary biomarker increases. Rising concentrations of BDG and Mn predict lethality, whereas decreasing levels suggest a favorable outcome in the majority of patients.
Aspergillus fumigatus
cytochrome c impacts conidial survival during sterilizing immunity
Authors: James Matthew R. , Aufiero Mariano A. , Vesely Elisa M. , Dhingra Sourabh , Liu Ko-Wei , Hohl Tobias M. , Cramer Robert A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening infection caused by species in the ubiquitous fungal genus
Aspergillus
. While leukocyte-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the clearance of fungal conidia from the lung and resistance to IPA, the processes that govern ROS-dependent fungal cell death remain poorly defined. Using a flow cytometric approach that monitors two independent cell death markers, an endogenous histone H2A:mRFP nuclear integrity reporter and SYTOX Blue (live/dead) stain, we observed that loss of
Aspergillus fumigatus
cytochrome c (
cycA
) results in reduced susceptibility to cell death from hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) treatment. Consistent with these observations
in vitro
, loss of
cycA
confers resistance to both NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent killing by host leukocytes. Fungal ROS resistance is partly mediated by Bir1, a homolog to survivin in humans, as Bir1 overexpression results in decreased ROS-induced conidial cell death and reduced killing by innate immune cells
in vivo
. We further report that overexpression of the Bir1 N-terminal BIR domain in
A. fumigatus
conidia results in altered expression of metabolic genes that functionally converge on mitochondrial function and cytochrome c (
cycA
) activity. Together, these studies demonstrate that
cycA
in
A. fumigatus
contributes to cell death responses that are induced by exogenous H
2
O
2
and by host leukocytes.

IMPORTANCE

Aspergillus fumigatus
can cause a life-threatening infection known as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which is marked by fungus-attributable mortality rates of 20%–30%. Individuals at risk for IPA harbor genetic mutations or incur pharmacologic defects that impair myeloid cell numbers and/or function, exemplified by bone marrow transplant recipients, patients that receive corticosteroid therapy, or patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). However, treatments for
Aspergillus
infections remain limited, and resistance to the few existing drug classes is emerging. Recently, the World Health Organization classified
A. fumigatus
as a critical priority fungal pathogen. Our cell death research identifies an important aspect of fungal biology that impacts susceptibility to leukocyte killing. Furthering our understanding of mechanisms that mediate the outcome of fungal-leukocyte interactions will increase our understanding of both the underlying fungal biology governing cell death and innate immune evasion strategies utilized during mammalian infection pathogenesis. Consequently, our studies are a critical step toward leveraging these mechanisms for novel therapeutic advances.
Capsular polysaccharide determines the serotyping of
Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Liu Yanling , Luo Shuxin , Yang Zhishuang , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Ou Xumin , Mao Sai , Gao Qun , Sun Di , Tian Bin , Cheng Anchun , Zhu Dekang 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Riemerella anatipestifer
(
R. anatipestifer
) is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the farming industry. The polysaccharides that determine serotype are well understood in other bacteria; they have not yet been fully characterized in
R. anatipestifer
. In this study, we unexpectedly discovered a strain, RCAD0392, that is capable of cross-agglutination. Whole genome sequencing revealed base mutations disrupting a gene on its capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene cluster. By constructing homologous gene deletion mutants in CH-2, we demonstrated that deletion of this gene leads to altered serological phenotypes. India ink and transmission electron microscopy experiments revealed the disappearance of capsule on the surface of the bacteria, indicating the association of the gene with capsule synthesis. In addition, agar-gel precipitin tests showed that lipopolysaccharide binds to antisera of multiple serotypes, while the capsular polysaccharide only binds to the corresponding antisera. This suggests that capsular polysaccharide is the specific antigen that determines the serotype of
R. anatipestifer
.

IMPORTANCE

Riemerella anatipestifer
(
R. anatipestifer
) is one of the most important veterinary pathogens with at least 21 serotypes. However, the exact polysaccharide(s) that determine
R. anatipestifer
serotype is still unknown. This study has provided a preliminary exploration of the relationship between capsular polysaccharides and serotyping in
R. anatipestifer
and suggests possible directions for further investigation of the genetic basis of serotypes in this bacterium.
Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate estimation equations based on serum creatinine in healthy Chinese children and adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Yan Ruohua , Zhang Chao , Wang Chen , Sun Zimo , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundSeveral equations for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation based on serum creatinine (SCr) have been proposed for children, but most were developed among patients with kidney disease. The association between SCr and GFR may be distorted by kidney dysfunction and thus not applicable to healthy children. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of existing SCr-based GFR estimation equations in healthy Chinese children.MethodsGFR estimation equations that developed in healthy children were mainly analysed, including the Flanders Metadata (FM), simple height-independent (Simple), full age spectrum (FAS) and FAS-height equations. The FM equation assumed that GFR is proportional to the ratio of height to SCr. The Simple, FAS and FAS-height equations assumed that the ratio of GFR to population mean is equal to the reciprocal ratio of SCr to population mean (denoted by Q). Estimated GFR were calculated using data of SCr, age, sex and height collected from 12 208 healthy Chinese children aged 3 months to <20 years. The performance of GFR estimation equations was evaluated by the sex and age distribution of the estimated GFR and the deviation from the measured GFR reported by other literatures.ResultsThe FM and Simple equations performed well in their applicable age of 1 month to 14 years, but presented undesirable sex difference after adolescence. The FAS and FAS-height equations showed reasonable development trend of estimated GFR throughout childhood, and the FAS equation had higher consistency than the FAS-height equation compared with measured GFR in healthy children. The GFR estimated by the FAS equation increased with age before 2 years, and reached the adult level thereafter without important sex difference.ConclusionsThe FAS equation is applicable to healthy Chinese children.