bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional communication skills training to improve medical students’ and nursing trainees’ error communication - quasi-experimental pilot study
Authors: Heier Lina , Schellenberger Barbara , Schippers Anna , Nies Sebastian , Geiser Franziska , Ernstmann Nicole 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Interprofessional communication is of extraordinary importance for patient safety. To improve interprofessional communication, joint training of the different healthcare professions is required in order to achieve the goal of effective teamwork and interprofessional care. The aim of this pilot study was to develop and evaluate a joint training concept for nursing trainees and medical students in Germany to improve medication error communication.

Methods
We used a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental study with a pre-post design and two study arms. This study compares medical students (3rd year) and nursing trainees (2nd year) who received an interprofessional communication skills training with simulation persons (intervention group, IG) with a control group (CG). Both cohorts completed identical pre- and post-training surveys using the German Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (G-IPAS) and a self-developed interprofessional error communication scale. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney-U-test and Wilcoxon-test were performed to explore changes in interprofessional error communication.

Results
A total of 154 were medical students, and 67 were nursing trainees (IG: 66 medical students, 28 nursing trainees / CG: 88 medical students, 39 nursing trainees). After training, there were significant improvements observed in the “interprofessional error communication” scale (p < .001) and the “teamwork, roles, and responsibilities” subscale (p = .012). Median scores of the subscale “patient-centeredness” were similar in both groups and remained unchanged after training (median = 4.0 in IG and CG).

Conclusions
Future studies are needed to find out whether the training sustainably improves interprofessional teamwork regarding error communication in acute care.
How nursing practice environments limit implicit rationing of care and nurse-assessed adverse events: the role of flow at work
Authors: El-Gazar Heba E. , Abousoliman Ali D , Shawer Mona , Coelho Paulo , Zoromba Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The nursing practice environment is beneficial in curbing implicit rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events. However, the underlying mechanisms of these relationships remain unexplored.

Aim
To test whether flow at work mediates the relationship between the nursing practice environment, implicit rationing of nursing care, and nurse-assessed adverse patient events.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 231 nurses from five hospitals in Port Said, Egypt. The participants completed Arabic-translated versions of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Work-Related Flow Inventory, the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care instrument, and the Adverse Patient Events scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothetical model.

Results
The favorable nursing practice environment positively predicted nurses’ flow at work (β = 0.64, p < 0.001), while inversely predicting implicit rationing of nursing care (β = -0.23, p = 0.014) and adverse patient events (β = -0.35, p < 0.001). Nurses’ flow at work inversely predicted implicit rationing of nursing care (β = -0.30, p = 0.002) and adverse patient events (β = -0.29, p = 0.002). Moreover, nurses’ flow at work acted as a mediator, linking the nursing practice environment to the rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events, with 500 bootstrap results for the indirect effects (β = -0.24, p = 0.001, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.09; and β = -0.44, p = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.16, respectively).

Conclusion
Nurses working in a favorable nursing practice environment are more likely to experience flow at work, limiting implicit rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events.

Implications for nursing management
Nursing administrators should strive to create a healthy nursing practice environment to foster nurses’ flow and thereby reduce the frequency of implicit rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events.
Rural and regional maternity managers’ and educators’ views of the Maternity and Newborn Emergencies (MANE) education program in Victoria, Australia: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Zugna Stefanie A , McLachlan Helen L , Cullinane Meabh , Newton Michelle , Forster Della A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Australia has one of the lowest perinatal morbidity and mortality rates in the world, however a cluster of perinatal deaths at a regional health service in the state of Victoria in 2015 led to state-wide reforms, including the introduction of the Maternity and Newborn Emergencies (MANE) program. MANE was a 2-day interprofessional maternity education program delivered by external expert facilitators to rural and regional Victorian maternity service providers. An independent evaluation found that the MANE program improved the confidence and knowledge of clinicians in managing obstetric emergencies and resulted in changes to clinical practice. While there is a large volume of evidence that supports the use of interprofessional education in improving clinicians’ clinical practice, the impact of these programs on the overall safety culture of a health service has been less studied. Managers and educators have an important role in promoting the safety culture and clinical governance of the heath service. The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore Victorian rural and regional maternity managers’ and educators’ views and experiences of the MANE program.

Methods
Maternity managers and educators from the 17 regional and rural health services across Victoria that received the MANE program during 2018 and 2019 were invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews using mostly open-ended questions (and with a small number of fixed response questions) were undertaken. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data.

Results
Twenty-one maternity managers and educators from the 17 health services participated in the interviews. Overall, participants viewed the MANE program positively. Four themes were identified: the value of external facilitation in providing obstetric emergency training; improved awareness and understanding of clinical governance; improved clinical practice; and the importance of maintaining the program. Participants agreed that MANE had improved the confidence (94%) and skills (94%) of clinicians in managing obstetric emergencies, as well as confidence to escalate concerns (94%), and most agreed that it had improved clinical practice (70%) and teamwork among attendees (82%).

Conclusion
Maternity managers and educators were positive about MANE; they considered that it contributed to improving factors that impact the safety culture of health services, with delivery by external experts considered to be particularly important. Given the crucial role of maternity managers and educators on safety culture in health services, as well in program facilitation, these findings are important for future planning of maternity education programs across the state.

Trial registration
Trial registration was not required for this study.
Qualitative realist evaluation of an occupational therapy intervention programme (ABLE), addressing ability to perform activities of daily living among persons with chronic conditions
Authors: Hagelskjær Vita , Wæhrens Eva Ejlersen , von Bülow Cecilie , Nielsen Kristina Tomra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic conditions are associated with problems related to performance of activities of daily living (ADL) stressing a need to develop and evaluate intervention programmes addressing such problems. Hence, the ABLE programme was developed, and its feasibility evaluated. Implementing intervention programmes in community-based rehabilitation settings requires understanding of how the programme works in various contexts. Applying a realist evaluation approach, the aim of this study was to identify and evaluate interactions between contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes in the ABLE 2.0, to confirm, refine, or reject aspects of the initial programme theory.

Methods
Realist evaluation using qualitative data collected in the ABLE 2.0 randomised controlled trial (n = 78). Based on the ABLE 2.0 initial programme theory, qualitative realist interviews were conducted among receivers (n = 8) and deliverers (n = 3) of the ABLE 2.0 in a Danish municipality. Transcripts were coded, and context-mechanism-outcome configurations were extracted and grouped into contiguous themes. Results were then held up against the initial programme theory.

Results
Four contiguous themes were identified including a total of n = 28 context-mechanism-outcome configurations: building a foundation for the entire intervention; establishing the focus for further intervention; identifying and implementing relevant compensatory solutions; and re-evaluating ADL ability to finalise intervention. Overall, the ABLE 2.0 initial programme theory was confirmed. The evaluation added information on core facilitating mechanisms including active involvement of the client in the problem-solving process, a collaborative working relationship, mutual confidence, and a consultative occupation-based process using compensatory solutions. Several contextual factors were required to activate the desired mechanisms in terms of supportive management, referral procedures encouraging the problem-solving process, delivery in the client’s home, skilled occupational therapists, and clients feeling ready for making changes.

Conclusions
The ABLE 2.0 represents a coherent problem-solving occupational therapy process, applicable across sex, age, and diagnoses with the potential to enhance ADL ability among persons with chronic conditions, when delivered as part of community-based rehabilitation services. Knowledge about the interactions between contextual factors, mechanisms, and outcomes in the ABLE 2.0 is central in case of future implementation of the programme in community-based rehabilitation settings.

Trial registration
The trial was prospectively registered on www.ClinicalTrials.gov (registration date: 05/03/2020; identifier: NCT04295837) prior to data collection that occurred between August 2020 and October 2021.
Abomasitis associated with halofuginone intoxication in pre-weaned calves
Authors: van Mol Wouter , Chantillon Laurens , Geerinckx Lise , Coppens Jolien , Clinquart Justine , Pas Mathilde , Bokma Jade , Pardon Bart 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In this case series abomasitis as a consequence of halofuginone intoxication is suspected.

Case presentation
Seven Belgian-Blue calves with complaints of anorexia and weight loss were presented to an university clinic. Ultrasonography showed thickening and edema of the abomasal wall in all cases, suggesting abomasitis. Abomasitis was confirmed on necropsy in three cases. Retrospective analysis clarified the uptake of an overdose of halofuginone lactate (348–421 µg/kg/day). Four animals fully recovered after removal of halofuginone lactate administration, therapy for comorbidities (pneumonia, diarrhoea) and supportive therapy.

Conclusion
To the authors’ knowledge, this case series is the first report associating halofuginone lactate use with abomasitis. This was suspected after clinical improvement of four of the presented animals after terminating the administration of a high dose of halofuginone lactate, and exclusion of other possible causes. Underlying mechanisms are still unclear.
Addition of low concentration of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) has a positive effect on cryopreserved canine spermatozoa evaluated by andrological and biophysical methods
Authors: Ligocka Zuzanna , Partyka Agnieszka , Bonarska-Kujawa Dorota , Mucha Anna , Niżański Wojciech 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This study was conducted to find the best concentration of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) which has a positive impact on canine post thaw semen quality. Three different concentrations of CLC (0.83 mg/ml; 1.66 mg/ml; 3.32 mg/ml) and 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HBCD) (1.66 mg/ml) were used in addition to cryopreservation extender and compared with the control after thawing. Samples were assessed using computer-assisted semen analyzer (CASA), flow cytometry, fluorimeter by measuring the fluorescence anisotropy (ANISO) and determining the generalized membrane polarization (GP).

Results
An addition of 0.83 mg/ml CLC significantly increased the percentage of progressive motile (PROG) and rapid spermatozoa (RAP) (P < 0.05). 1.66 mg/ml HBCD decreased progressive motility of spermatozoa and population with rapid movement relative to the control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the groups with an addition of 1.66 mg/ml and 3.32 mg/ml of CLC, as well as the group with only cyclodextrin, increased percentage of dead spermatozoa without lipid peroxidation and decreased percentage of viable spermatozoa without LPO which was lower in these groups than in the control (P < 0.05). Other sperm parameters assessed on flow cytometer were not significantly different. The addition of CLC at 0.83 mg/ml and 3.32 mg/ml concentrations and 1.66 mg/ml of HBCD caused an increase in ANISO measured at 23 ºC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
In conclusion, the results suggest that increasing cholesterol in the plasma membrane of canine spermatozoa can improve their freezability. However, only low concentrations of CLC may improve semen quality after thawing without adversely affecting other parameters.
Detection and molecular analysis of Pseudorabies virus from free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) in Italy - a case report
Authors: Moreno Ana , Musto Carmela , Gobbi Marco , Maioli Giulia , Menchetti Marika , Trogu Tiziana , Paniccià Marta , Lavazza Antonio , Delogu Mauro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The only natural hosts of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) are members of the family Suidae (Sus scrofa scrofa). In mammals, the infection is usually fatal and typically causes serious neurologic disease. This study describes four Aujeszky’s disease cases in free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus). In Italy, the wolf is a strictly protected species and is in demographic expansion.

Case presentation
Three wolves (Wolf A, B, and C) were found in a regional park in Northern Italy, and one (Wolf D) was found in Central Italy. Wolf A and D were alive at the time of the finding and exhibited a fatal infection with epileptic seizures and dyspnoea, dying after a few hours. Wolf B presented scratching lesions under the chin and a detachment of the right earlobe, whilst Wolf C was partially eaten.
The wolves showed hepatic congestion, diffuse enteritis, moderate pericardial effusion, severe bilateral pneumonia, and diffuse hyperaemia in the brain. The diagnostic examinations included virological analyses and detection of toxic molecules able to cause serious neurological signs.
All four wolves tested positive for pseudorabies virus (PrV). The analysed sequences were placed in Italian clade 1, which is divided into two subclades, “a” and “b”. The sequences of Wolf A, B, and C were closely related to other Italian sequences in the subclade b, originally obtained from wild boars and hunting dogs. The sequence from Wolf D was located within the same clade and was closely related to the French hunting dog sequences belonging to group 4.

Conclusion
Results showed the presence of PrV strains currently circulating in wild boars and free-ranging Italian wolves. The genetic characterisation of the PrV UL44 sequences from the four wolves confirmed the close relationship with the sequences from wild boars and hunting dogs. This fact supports a possible epidemiological link with the high PrV presence in wild boars and the possibility of infection in wolves through consumption of infected wild boar carcasses or indirect transmission. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first detection of Pseudorabies virus in free-ranging Italian wolves in northern and central Italy.
Using time-series chest radiographs and laboratory data by machine learning for identifying pulmonary infection and colonization of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Zeng Zhaodong , Wu Jiefang , Qin Genggeng , Yu Dong , He Zilong , Zeng Weixiong , Zhou Hao , Lin Jiongbin , Liu Laiyu , Qi Chunxia , Chen Weiguo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Accurately distinguishing between pulmonary infection and colonization in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii is of utmost importance to optimize treatment and prevent antibiotic abuse or inadequate therapy. An efficient automated sorting tool could prompt individualized interventions and enhance overall patient outcomes. This study aims to develop a robust machine learning classification model using a combination of time-series chest radiographs and laboratory data to accurately classify pulmonary status caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.

Methods
We proposed nested logistic regression models based on different time-series data to automatically classify the pulmonary status of patients with Acinetobacter baumannii. Advanced features were extracted from the time-series data of hospitalized patients, encompassing dynamic pneumonia indicators observed on chest radiographs and laboratory indicator values recorded at three specific time points.

Results
Data of 152 patients with Acinetobacter baumannii cultured from sputum or alveolar lavage fluid were retrospectively analyzed. Our model with multiple time-series data demonstrated a higher performance of AUC (0.850, with a 95% confidence interval of [0.638–0.873]), an accuracy of 0.761, a sensitivity of 0.833. The model, which only incorporated a single time point feature, achieved an AUC of 0.741. The influential model variables included difference in the chest radiograph pneumonia score.

Conclusion
Dynamic assessment of time-series chest radiographs and laboratory data using machine learning allowed for accurate classification of colonization and infection with Acinetobacter baumannii. This demonstrates the potential to help clinicians provide individualized treatment through early detection.
Biochemical and transcriptomic evaluation of a 3D lung organoid platform for pre-clinical testing of active substances targeting senescence
Authors: Brand Michelle , Ritzmann Felix , Kattler Kathrin , Milasius Deivydas , Yao Yiwen , Herr Christian , Kirsch Susanne H. , Müller Rolf , Yildiz Daniela , Bals Robert , Beisswenger Christoph 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis are incurable. Epithelial senescence, a state of dysfunctional cell cycle arrest, contributes to the progression of such diseases. Therefore, lung epithelial cells are a valuable target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we present a 3D airway lung organoid platform for the preclinical testing of active substances with regard to senescence, toxicity, and inflammation under standardized conditions in a 96 well format. Senescence was induced with doxorubicin and measured by activity of senescence associated galactosidase. Pharmaceutical compounds such as quercetin antagonized doxorubicin-induced senescence without compromising organoid integrity. Using single cell sequencing, we identified a subset of cells expressing senescence markers which was decreased by quercetin. Doxorubicin induced the expression of detoxification factors specifically in goblet cells independent of quercetin. In conclusion, our platform enables for the analysis of senescence-related processes and will allow the pre-selection of a wide range of compounds (e.g. natural products) in preclinical studies, thus reducing the need for animal testing.
Association of long-term triglyceride-glucose index patterns with the incidence of chronic kidney disease among non-diabetic population: evidence from a functional community cohort
Authors: Chen Ning , Ma Lin-Lin , Zhang Yu , Chu Xi , Dong Jing , Yan Yu-Xiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance and previous studies have confirmed the association of TyG index with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the impact of longitudinal patterns of TyG index on CKD risk among non-diabetic population is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of longitudinal patterns of TyG index with incident CKD among non-diabetic population.

Methods
A total of 5484 non-diabetic participants who underwent one health examination per year from 2015 to 2017 were included in this prospective study. TyG index variability and cumulative TyG index were calculated to assess the longitudinal patterns of TyG index. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to estimate the association of TyG index variability or cumulative TyG index with incident CKD.

Results
During a median of 3.82 years follow-up, 879 participants developed CKD. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident CKD were 1.772 (95% CI: 1.453, 2.162) for the highest TyG index variability quartile and 2.091 (95% CI: 1.646, 2.655) for the highest cumulative TyG index quartile in the fully adjusted models. The best discrimination and reclassification improvement were observed after adding baseline TyG, TyG index variability and cumulative TyG index to the clinical risk model for CKD.

Conclusions
Both TyG index variability and cumulative TyG index can independently predict incident CKD among non-diabetic population. Monitoring longitudinal patterns of TyG index may assist with prediction and prevention of incident CKD.
Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Zhen , Xiong Min , Tian Jiaqi , Song Dandan , Duan Shuyin , Zhang Lin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Engineered exosomes generated through genetic modification of parent cells show promise as drug delivery vehicles, and they have been demonstrated to have great therapeutic potential for treating cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and immune diseases, but systematic knowledge is lacking regarding optimization of drug loading and assessment of delivery efficacy. This review summarizes current approaches for engineering exosomes and evaluating their drug delivery effects, and current techniques for assessing exosome drug loading and release kinetics, cell targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic outcomes are critically examined. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest applications of exosome engineering and drug delivery in clinical translation. The knowledge compiled in this review provides a framework for the rational design and rigorous assessment of exosomes as therapeutics. Continued advancement of robust characterization methods and reporting standards will accelerate the development of exosome engineering technologies and pave the way for clinical studies.
Graphical Abstract