bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient Decay in the Boltzmann Theory of Non-isothermal Boundary
Authors: Chen Hongxu , Kim Chanwoo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider the Boltzmann equation in a convex domain with a non-isothermal boundary of diffuse reflection. For both unsteady/steady problems, we construct solutions belonging to $$W^{1,p}_x$$

W
x

1
,
p

for any $$p<3$$

p
<
3

. We prove that the unsteady solution converges to the steady solution in the same Sobolev space exponentially quickly as $$t \rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

.
Zeta functions in higher Teichmüller theory
Authors: Pollicott Mark , Sharp Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this note we introduce zeta functions and L-functions for discrete and faithful representations of surface groups in $$\textrm{PSL}(d, \mathbb R)$$

PSL
(
d
,
R
)

, for $$d \ge 3$$

d
≥
3

. These are natural generalizations of the well known classical Selberg zeta function and L-function for Fuchsian groups, corresponding to the case $$d=2$$

d
=
2

. We show that these complex functions have meromorphic extensions to the entire complex plane $$\mathbb C$$
C
.
The therapeutic value of Myrtus communis L.: an updated review
Authors: Al-Snafi Ali Esmail , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Shaheen Hazem M. , Akinfe Opeyemi Abigail , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Emieseimokumo Numonde , Elfiky Mohamed M. , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Garbeeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Mahana Hitham Alaa Mohammed , Younes Ahmed Maher , Elbanna Osama Ashraf , Qasem Abd-elrahman Ali Radwan , Shahin Ibrahim Yasser Ibrahim , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMyrtus communis L. (Family: Myrtaceae) is naturally found in the western part of Asia, Southern Europe, and North Africa. It has been reportedly applied in pharmaceutical industry, traditional medicine, cosmetics, spices, and food. Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were utilized to seek out relevant content concerning the therapeutic potential of M. communis. Subsequently, we conducted a review to identity noteworthy updates pertaining to M. communis. Myrtle berries, leaves, seeds, and essential oils are natural sources of several nutrients and bioactive compounds with marked health effects. The chemical analysis showed that M. communis contained oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, coumarins, saponosides, tannins, quinines, and anthraquinones. A pharmacological investigation revealed that M. communis possessed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, dermatological, cardiovascular, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal protective effects, among numerous other biological effects. This current review focused on the biochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic effects, and various biological activities of different parts of M. communis. It signifies that M. communis is a therapeutic plant with numerous applications in medicine and could be used as a drug isolate based on its safety and effectiveness.
Black-and-white pelage as visually protective coloration in colobus monkeys
Authors: Nokelainen Ossi , Winters Sandra , Rowe Zeke , Campos Fernando A. , Wikberg Eva C. , Howell Natasha , Caro Tim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Conspicuous coloration is often seen as the evolutionary consequence of either sexual selection or warning predators visually about prey defences, although not all conspicuous species fit this paradigm. Exceptions include several species of colobus monkeys whose black-and-white coloration, characteristic of larger colobines, has never been explained. Here, using photographs of black-and-white colobus (Colobus vellerosus) taken in the wild, quantitative image analysis, and vision modelling (acuity-corrected feline, chimpanzee, and raptor vision), we provide evidence that their coloration provides distance-dependent camouflage in natural forest environments. At all viewing distances, black-and-white colobus monkeys blend into their environment because of their high chromatic overlap with the background when viewed by ecologically relevant predator vision models which have low visual acuities. Additionally, for chimpanzee and felid vision, there was evidence of edge disruption at longer viewing distances. Our comparative analyses of different species of colobines do not support an association between black-and-white coloration and larger body mass or group size, but this may simply be due to the limited number of species within the family. We reason that black-and-white colobines gain visually protective coloration through background matching against felids, and also benefit through disruptive coloration against felids and chimpanzees but rely on these protective coloration mechanisms less against raptors.

Significance statement
Conspicuous black-and-white coloration in colobus monkeys has long eluded an evolutionary explanation. Our research, employing photographs of colobus monkeys, image analysis, and vision modelling, unveils a novel approach to this coloration. We show that in their natural forest habitats, black-and-white colobus monkeys employ distance-dependent camouflage against ecologically relevant predators with low visual acuity, blending in with the background at increasing viewing distances. In summary, the evolution of black-and-white colobus coloration appears to be related to background matching against felids, with added benefits of disruptive camouflage against felids and chimpanzees, less so to raptors, offering fresh insights into the complex interplay of coloration and survival strategies in mammals.
Effect of no-till followed by crop diversification on the soil microbiome in a boreal short cereal rotation
Authors: Fritze Hannu , Tuomivirta Tero , Orrù Luigi , Canfora Loredana , Cuartero Jessica , Ros Margarita , Pascual Jose Antonio , Zornosa Raúl , Egea-Cortines Marcos , Lång Kristiina , Kaseva Janne , Peltoniemi Krista 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiversification of agricultural practices, including changes in crop rotation, intercropping or cover cropping, influence the soil microbiome. Here the impact of tillage and crop diversification on the soil microbiome is reported, being one of the few boreal studies. The field experiment consisted of four treatments with four replications all having a short cereal rotation practice namely an oat (Avena sativa) – spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation for the past 10 years until spring 2018. During that period two of the treatments were conventionally tilled with moldboard ploughing whereas the other two were no-tillage treatments. From the growing season 2018 until fall 2020 the main crop in all treatments was spring barley. The first conventional tillage treatment was diversified with English ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as an undersown cover crop for the next three growing seasons. The first no-tillage treatment continued with spring barley only. The second conventional tillage and no-tillage treatment had winter rapeseed in rotation in 2019. Bulk soils were sampled in May 2018 before diversification and then in October 2018, 2019, and 2020. The results showed a clear effect of tillage on the beta-diversity of the soil microbiome and an increase in fungal richness. Barley monoculture interrupted with winter rapeseed resulted in a minor change of the fungal and bacterial community composition. Other fungal and bacterial alpha diversity measures did not react to tillage or diversification nor did the gene copy abundances involved in the N cycle. In conclusion tillage had a profound effect on the soil microbiome hindering impact of the diversification.
Transmembrane protein 97 is a potential synaptic amyloid beta receptor in human Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Colom-Cadena Martí , Toombs Jamie , Simzer Elizabeth , Holt Kristjan , McGeachan Robert , Tulloch Jane , Jackson Rosemary J. , Catterson James H. , Spires-Jones Maxwell P. , Rose Jamie , Waybright Lora , Caggiano Anthony O. , King Declan , Gobbo Francesco , Davies Caitlin , Hooley Monique , Dunnett Sophie , Tempelaar Robert , Meftah Soraya , Tzioras Makis , Hamby Mary E. , Izzo Nicholas J. , Catalano Susan M. , Durrant Claire S. , Smith Colin , Dando Owen , Spires-Jones Tara L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSynapse loss correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) is implicated in synaptic dysfunction and loss. An important knowledge gap is the lack of understanding of how Aβ leads to synapse degeneration. In particular, there has been difficulty in determining whether there is a synaptic receptor that binds Aβ and mediates toxicity. While many candidates have been observed in model systems, their relevance to human AD brain remains unknown. This is in part due to methodological limitations preventing visualization of Aβ binding at individual synapses. To overcome this limitation, we combined two high resolution microscopy techniques: array tomography and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to image over 1 million individual synaptic terminals in temporal cortex from AD (n = 11) and control cases (n = 9). Within presynapses and post-synaptic densities, oligomeric Aβ generates a FRET signal with transmembrane protein 97. Further, Aβ generates a FRET signal with cellular prion protein, and post-synaptic density 95 within post synapses. Transmembrane protein 97 is also present in a higher proportion of post synapses in Alzheimer’s brain compared to controls. We inhibited Aβ/transmembrane protein 97 interaction in a mouse model of amyloidopathy by treating with the allosteric modulator CT1812. CT1812 drug concentration correlated negatively with synaptic FRET signal between transmembrane protein 97 and Aβ. In human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons, transmembrane protein 97 is present in synapses and colocalizes with Aβ when neurons are challenged with human Alzheimer’s brain homogenate. Transcriptional changes are induced by Aβ including changes in genes involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. CT1812 treatment of these neurons caused changes in gene sets involved in synaptic function. These data support a role for transmembrane protein 97 in the synaptic binding of Aβ in human Alzheimer’s disease brain where it may mediate synaptotoxicity.
Assessment of immunoprecipitation with subsequent immunoassays for the blood-based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Morgado Barbara , Klafki Hans-Wolfgang , Bauer Chris , Waniek Katharina , Esselmann Hermann , Wirths Oliver , Hansen Niels , Lachmann Ingolf , Osterloh Dirk , Schuchhardt Johannes , Wiltfang Jens 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Aβ42/40 ratio and the concentration of phosphorylated Tau181 in blood plasma represent attractive biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. As a means for reducing potential matrix effects, which may interfere with plasma immunoassays, we have previously developed a pre-analytical sample workup by semi-automated immunoprecipitation. Here we test the compatibility of pre-analytical immunoprecipitations with automated Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated Tau181 immunoassays on the Lumipulse platform and compare the diagnostic performance of the respective immunoprecipitation immunoassay approaches with direct plasma measurements. 71 participants were dichotomized according to their Aβ42/40 ratios in cerebrospinal fluid into the diagnostic groups amyloid-positive (n = 32) and amyloid-negative (n = 39). The plasma Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio and phosphorylated Tau181 levels were determined on the Lumipulse G600II platform (Fujirebio) by direct measurements in EDTA–plasma or after Aβ- or Tau-immunoprecipitation, respectively. Pre-analytical immunoprecipitation of Aβ turned out to be compatible with the Lumipulse Aβ assays and resulted in a numerical, yet statistically not significant increase in the area under the ROC curve for plasma Aβ1-42/1-40. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the standardised effect size (Cohen’s D). Pre-analytical immunoprecipitation of Tau resulted in increased differences between the diagnostic groups in terms of median and mean phosphorylated Tau 181 levels. Furthermore, we observed a greater Cohen’s d (p < 0.001) and a larger area under the ROC curve (p = 0.038) after Tau-IP. Our preliminary findings in a small, preselected sample indicate that pre-analytical immunoprecipitation may have the potential to improve the diagnostic performance of plasma biomarker immunoassays for Aβ1-42/1-40 and phosphorylated Tau181 to predict brain amyloid deposition.
Molecular pathological classification of colorectal cancer—an update
Authors: Dunne Philip D. , Arends Mark J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) has a broad range of molecular alterations with two major mechanisms of genomic instability (chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability) and has been subclassified into 4 consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) based on bulk RNA sequence data. Here, we update the molecular pathological classification of CRC with an overview of more recent bulk and single-cell RNA data analysis for development of transcriptional classifiers and risk stratification methods, taking into account the marked inter-tumoural and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of CRC. The importance of the stromal and immune components or tumour microenvironment (TME) to prognosis has emerged from these analyses. Attempts to remove the contribution of the tumour microenvironment and reveal neoplastic-specific transcriptional traits involved identification of the CRC intrinsic subtypes (CRIS). The use of immunohistochemistry and digital pathology to implement classification systems are evolving fields. Conventional adenoma versus serrated polyp pathway transcriptomic analysis and characterisation of canonical LGR5+ crypt base columnar stem cell versus ANXA1+ regenerative stem cell phenotypes emerged as key properties for improved understanding of transcriptional signals involved in molecular subclassification of colorectal cancers. Recently, classification by three pathway-derived subtypes (PDS1-3) has been developed, revealing a continuum of intrinsic biology associated with biological, stem cell, histopathological, and clinical attributes.
Approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Wang Fang , You Zhiyu , Deng Dongyang , He Jiangyan , Yan Wentao , Quan Jian , Wang Jing , Yan Shujuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA meta-analysis was performed to assess the benefits and safety profile of approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Eligible studies were searched from Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases based on a well-established strategy. Following the exclusion of ineligible studies, 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with control group, immune checkpoint inhibitors were associated with improved ORR (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.26–4.05, P < 0.00001), SD (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.95, P = 0.02), OS (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.83, P < 0.00001), and PFS (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.87, P < 0.0003). However, no significant differences were observed in DCR (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.97–1.81, P = 0.07), PD (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.67–1.21, P = 0.48), and all caused any-grade adverse events (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.62–2.39, P = 0. 57), all caused ≥ grade 3 adverse events (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.97–1.25, P = 0.14), treatment-related any-grade adverse events (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.55–2.32, P = 0.73), and treatment-related ≥ grade 3 events (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.34–1.97, P = 0.65) between the two groups. After subgroup analysis conducted, patients in the immune checkpoint inhibitor group compared with targeted drug group showed significant improvements in OS (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.66–0.84, P < 0.00001) and PFS (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.91, P = 0.004). Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated peculiar benefits in the treatment of HCC with an acceptable safety profile. Compared to targeted drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors still offer advantages in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is still considerable room for further improvement.
Evaluierung der Unterschiede zwischen sequenzieller chemischer und elektrolytischer Extraktion anhand von Seltene Erden (SE)-haltigen Einschlüssen
Authors: Schickbichler M. , Thiele K. , Michelic S. K. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIn metallurgischen Anwendungen nimmt der Einsatz von Seltenen Erden (SE) eine zunehmend größere Rolle ein. Diese werden in modernen Herstellungsprozessen nicht nur als Kornfeinungsmittel eingesetzt, sondern auch zur Markierung von Desoxidationsprodukten. Durch das Tracen der Einschlüsse (NME) ist es möglich, die Modifikation von beispielsweise Aluminiumoxiden über den Prozess zu verfolgen und zu erforschen. Aufgrund der teilweisen Reduktion der bestehenden NME kommt es zur Veränderung dieser hinsichtlich der chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften, sowie ihrer Morphologie.Die Modifikation der Einschlüsse mittels SE kann ebenfalls ihre Löslichkeit in verschiedenen Chemikalien beeinflussen. Daher liegt ein Fokus der durchgeführten Studie darauf, die Stabilität der gebildeten komplexen mehrphasigen SE-Al-Oxide mithilfe häufig angewandter Extraktionsmethoden zu untersuchen.Dabei kommt es zur Evaluierung der Anwendbarkeit von elektrolytischer und sequenzieller chemischer Extraktionstechnik für SE-haltige Einschlüsse. Bei den Proben für diese Studie handelt es sich um Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC)-Stähle, die durch Ce modifizierte Aluminiumoxide beinhalten. Ziel ist es, zusätzlich zur Überprüfung der Stabilität dieser mehrphasigen Einschlüsse bei verschiedenen Extraktionsmethoden auch die Anzahl an Einschlüssen pro Volumen zu prognostizieren. Dazu findet eine Berechnung der NME-Konzentration mittels des Modells nach Woodhead statt und anschließend werden die Ergebnisse dieser Modellrechnung mit der gemessenen Anzahl an NME pro Volumen verglichen.
A systematic review on the qualitative experiences of people living with lung cancer in rural areas
Authors: Ali Nabilah , Nelson David , McInnerney Daisy , Quaife Samantha L. , Laparidou Despina , Selby Peter , Kane Ros , Civello Sarah , Skinner Dawn , Pogson Zara , Peake Michael D. , Harding-Bell Ava , Cooke Samuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To synthesize the qualitative literature exploring the experiences of people living with lung cancer in rural areas.

Methods
Searches were performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Articles were screened independently by two reviewers against pre-determined eligibility criteria. Data were synthesized using Thomas and Harden’s framework for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research. The CASP qualitative checklist was used for quality assessment and the review was reported in accordance with the ENTREQ and PRISMA checklists.

Results
Nine articles were included, from which five themes were identified: (1) diagnosis and treatment pathways, (2) travel and financial burden, (3) communication and information, (4) experiences of interacting with healthcare professionals, (5) symptoms and health-seeking behaviors. Lung cancer diagnosis was unexpected for some with several reporting treatment delays and long wait times regarding diagnosis and treatment. Accessing treatment was perceived as challenging and time-consuming due to distance and financial stress. Inadequate communication of information from healthcare professionals was a common concern expressed by rural people living with lung cancer who also conveyed dissatisfaction with their healthcare professionals. Some were reluctant to seek help due to geographical distance and sociocultural factors whilst others found it challenging to identify symptoms due to comorbidities.

Conclusions
This review provides a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by people with lung cancer in rural settings, through which future researchers can begin to develop tailored support to address the existing disparities that affect this population.
Solving the SAT problem with the string multiset rewriting calculus
Authors: Battyányi Péter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we develop computing machinery within the framework of the String Multiset Rewriting calculus (SMSR), as defined by Barbuti et al. [4], to solve the SAT problem in linear time regarding the number of variables of a given conjunctive normal form. This shows that SMSR can be considered a computational model capable of significantly reducing the time requirement of classical decision problems.
Parental Expressed Emotion and Behavioural Outcomes in Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marshall Corinne , Hoshi Rosa , Gregory James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGrowing interest in the links between parent–child relationships and child behavioural presentations in families of autistic children has led to an increased use of the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) measure of parental expressed emotion (EE) in autism research. This review focuses on studies exploring the relationships between parental EE and behavioural outcomes in autistic children. Electronic searches of six databases and grey literature wielded eight studies that met eligibility criteria. Study designs were a mixture of cross-sectional and longitudinal and quality of studies was variable. Parental criticism was largely positively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Warmth was mostly negatively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Preliminary evidence from one study showed paternal warmth to be significantly related to child behaviours, whilst child behaviours were also significantly related to paternal warmth, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Analysis of additional EE components produced variable results, however parental stress and depressive symptoms were consistently related to child behaviour, and preliminary evidence suggests a possible role of maternal education level and family cohesion. Outcomes were variable across FMSS coding systems and greater consistency in their application is needed in future research. The current findings suggest that parental EE has an important relationship with child behaviour and future intervention efforts may benefit from aiming to reduced EE in order to improve child outcomes.
Enhancing Semi Supervised Semantic Segmentation Through Cycle-Consistent Label Propagation in Video
Authors: Addanki Veerababu , Yerramreddy Dhanvanth Reddy , Durgapu Sathvik , Boddu Sasi Sai Nadh , Durgapu Vyshnav 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo perform semantic image segmentation using deep learning models, a significant quantity of data and meticulous manual annotation is necessary (Mani in: Research anthology on improving medical imaging techniques for analysis and intervention. IGI Global, pp. 107–125, 2023), and the process consumes a lot of resources, including time and money. To resolve such issues, we introduce a unique label propagation method (Qin et al. in IEEE/CAA J Autom Sinica 10(5):1192–1208, 2023) that utilizes cycle consistency across time to propagate labels over longer time horizons with higher accuracy. Additionally, we acknowledge that dense pixel annotation is a noisy process (Das et al. in: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision, pp. 5978–5987, 2023), whether performed manually or automatically. To address this, we present a principled approach that accounts for label uncertainty when training with labels from multiple noisy labeling processes. We introduce two new approaches; Warp-Refine Propagation and Uncertainty-Aware Training, for improving label propagation and handling noisy labels, respectively, and support the process with quantitative and qualitative evaluations and theoretical justification. Our contributions are validated on the Cityscapes and ApolloScape datasets, where we achieve encouraging results. In later endeavors, the aim should be to expand such approaches to include other noisy augmentation processes like image-based rendering methods (Laraqui et al. in Int J Comput Aid Eng Technol 18(5):141–151, 2023), thanks to the noisy label learning approach.