bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 𝐿^{𝑝} Dirichlet problem and nondivergence harmonic measure
Authors: Rios Cristian 
Published: July 2005

We consider the Dirichlet problem
\[

{

L

u

a
m
p
;
=
0

a
m
p
;

a
m
p
;

in

D

,

u

a
m
p
;
=
g

a
m
p
;

a
m
p
;

on

∂
D

\left \{ \begin {aligned} \mathcal {L} u & = 0 &&\text {in $D$},\\ u &= g &&\text {on $\partial D$} \end {aligned} \right .

\]
for two second-order elliptic operators

L

k

u
=

∑

i
,
j
=
1

n

a
k

i
,
j

(
x
)

∂

i
j

u
(
x
)

\mathcal {L}_k u=\sum _{i,j=1}^na_k^{i,j}(x)\,\partial _{ij} u(x)

,

k
=
0
,
1

k=0,1

, in a bounded Lipschitz domain

D
⊂

R

n

D\subset \mathbb {R}^n

. The coefficients

a
k

i
,
j

a_k^{i,j}

belong to the space of bounded mean oscillation BMO with a suitable small BMO modulus. We assume that

L

0

{\mathcal {L}}_0

is regular in

L
p

(
∂
D
,
d
σ
)

L^p(\partial D, d\sigma )

for some

p
p

,

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

, that is,

‖
N
u

‖

L
p

≤
C

‖
g

‖

L
p

\|Nu\|_{L^p}\le C\,\|g\|_{L^p}

for all continuous boundary data

g
g

. Here

σ
\sigma

is the surface measure on

∂
D

\partial D

and

N
u

Nu

is the nontangential maximal operator. The aim of this paper is to establish sufficient conditions on the difference of the coefficients

ε

i
,
j

(
x
)
=

a
1

i
,
j

(
x
)
−

a
0

i
,
j

(
x
)

\varepsilon ^{i,j}(x)=a^{i,j}_1(x)-a^{i,j}_0(x)

that will assure the perturbed operator

L

1

\mathcal {L}_1

to be regular in

L
q

(
∂
D
,
d
σ
)

L^q(\partial D,d\sigma )

for some

q
q

,

1
>
q
>
∞

1>q>\infty

.
Analytic models for commuting operator tuples on bounded symmetric domains
Authors: Arazy Jonathan , Engliš Miroslav 
Published: July 2005

For a domainΩ\OmegainCd\mathbb {C}^{d}and a Hilbert spaceH\mathcal {H}of analytic functions onΩ\Omegawhich satisfies certain conditions, we characterize the commutingdd-tuplesT=(T1,…,Td)T=(T_{1},\dots ,T_{d})of operators on a separable Hilbert space HHsuch thatT∗T^{*}is unitarily equivalent to the restriction ofM∗M^{*}to an invariant subspace, whereMMis the operatordd-tupleZ⊗IZ\otimes Ion the Hilbert space tensor product H⊗H\mathcal {H} \otimes H. ForΩ\Omegathe unit disc andH\mathcal {H}the Hardy space H2H^{2}, this reduces to a well-known theorem of Sz.-Nagy and Foias; forH\mathcal {H}a reproducing kernel Hilbert space onΩ⊂Cd\Omega \subset \mathbb {C} ^{d}such that the reciprocal1/K(x,y¯)1/K(x,\overline {y})of its reproducing kernel is a polynomial inxxand y¯\overline y, this is a recent result of Ambrozie, Müller and the second author. In this paper, we extend the latter result by treating spacesH\mathcal {H}for which1/K1/Kceases to be a polynomial, or even has a pole: namely, the standard weighted Bergman spaces (or, rather, their analytic continuation)H=Hν\mathcal {H} =\mathcal {H} _{\nu }on a Cartan domain corresponding to the parameterν\nuin the continuous Wallach set, and reproducing kernel Hilbert spacesH\mathcal {H}for which1/K1/Kis a rational function. Further, we treat also the more general problem when the operatorMMis replaced by M⊕WM\oplus W,WW being a certain generalization of a unitary operator tuple. For the case of the spacesHν\mathcal {H} _{\nu }on Cartan domains, our results are based on an analysis of the homogeneous multiplication operators onΩ\Omega, which seems to be of an independent interest.
Test ideals and base change problems in tight closure theory
Authors: Aberbach Ian , Enescu Florian 
Published: July 2005

Test ideals are an important concept in tight closure theory and their behavior via flat base change can be very difficult to understand. Our paper presents results regarding this behavior under flat maps with reasonably nice (but far from smooth) fibers. This involves analyzing, in depth, a special type of ideal of test elements, called the CS test ideal. Besides providing new results, the paper also contains extensions of a theorem by G. Lyubeznik and K. E. Smith on the completely stable test ideal and of theorems by F. Enescu and, independently, M. Hashimoto on the behavior of

F
F

-rationality under flat base change.
Exhaustive determination of (1023, 511, 255)-cyclic difference sets
Authors: Gaal Peter , Golomb Solomon 
Published: July 2005

An exhaustive search for (1023, 511, 255)-cyclic difference sets has been conducted. A total of 10 non-equivalent (1023, 511, 255)-cyclic difference sets have been found, all of which are members of previously known or conjectured infinite families. A fast and effective autocorrelation test method was utilized that can also facilitate the testing of longer sequences.
Testing multivariate uniformity and its applications
Authors: Liang Jia-Juan , Fang Kai-Tai , Hickernell Fred , Li Runze 
Published: July 2005

Some new statistics are proposed to test the uniformity of random samples in the multidimensional unit cube[0,1]d (d≥2).[0,1]^d\ (d\ge 2).These statistics are derived from number-theoretic or quasi-Monte Carlo methods for measuring the discrepancy of points in[0,1]d[0,1]^d. Under the null hypothesis that the samples are independent and identically distributed with a uniform distribution in[0,1]d[0,1]^d, we obtain some asymptotic properties of the new statistics. By Monte Carlo simulation, it is found that the finite-sample distributions of the new statistics are well approximated by the standard normal distribution,N(0,1)N(0,1), or the chi-squared distribution,χ2(2)\chi ^2(2). A power study is performed, and possible applications of the new statistics to testing general multivariate goodness-of-fit problems are discussed.
Convergence of numerical schemes for the solution of parabolic stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Davie A. , Gaines J. 
Published: July 2005

We consider the numerical solution of the stochastic partial differential equation

∂
u

/

∂
t

=

∂
2

u

/

∂

x
2

+
σ
(
u
)

W
˙

(
x
,
t
)

{\partial u}/{\partial t}={\partial ^2u}/{\partial x^2}+\sigma (u)\dot {W}(x,t)

, where

W
˙

\dot {W}

is space-time white noise, using finite differences. For this equation Gyöngy has obtained an estimate of the rate of convergence for a simple scheme, based on integrals of

W
˙

\dot {W}

over a rectangular grid. We investigate the extent to which this order of convergence can be improved, and find that better approximations are possible for the case of additive noise (

σ
(
u
)
=
1

\sigma (u)=1

) if we wish to estimate space averages of the solution rather than pointwise estimates, or if we are permitted to generate other functionals of the noise. But for multiplicative noise (

σ
(
u
)
=
u

\sigma (u)=u

) we show that no such improvements are possible.
Human locomotion on snow: determinants of economy and speed of skiing across the ages
Authors: Formenti Federico , Ardigò Luca P , Minetti Alberto E 
Published: July 2005

We explore here the evolution of skiing locomotion in the last few thousand years by investigating how humans adapted to move effectively in lands where a cover of snow, for several months every year, prevented them from travelling as on dry ground. Following historical research, we identified the sets of skis corresponding to the ‘milestones’ of skiing evolution in terms of ingenuity and technology, built replicas of them and measured the metabolic energy associated to their use in a climate-controlled ski tunnel.
Six sets of skis were tested, covering a span from 542 AD to date. Our results show that: (i) the history of skiing is associated with a progressive decrease in the metabolic cost of transport, (ii) it is possible today to travel at twice the speed of ancient times using the same amount of metabolic power and (iii) the cost of transport is speed-independent for each ski model, as during running. By combining this finding with the relationship between time of exhaustion and the sustainable fraction of metabolic power, a prediction of the maximum skiing speed according to the distance travelled is provided for all past epochs, including two legendary historical journeys (1206 and 1520 AD) on snow. Our research shows that the performances in races originating from them (Birkebeiner and Vasaloppet) and those of other modern competitions (skating versus classical techniques) are well predicted by the evolution of skiing economy. Mechanical determinants of the measured progression in economy are also discussed in the paper.
Systematic Spatial Analysis of Gene Expression during Wheat Caryopsis Development
Authors: Drea Sinéad , Leader David J. , Arnold Ben C. , Shaw Peter , Dolan Liam , Doonan John H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe cereal caryopsis is a complex tissue in which maternal and endosperm tissues follow distinct but coordinated developmental programs. Because of the hexaploid genome in wheat (Triticum aestivum), the identification of genes involved in key developmental processes by genetic approaches has been difficult. To bypass this limitation, we surveyed 888 genes that are expressed during caryopsis development using a novel high-throughput mRNA in situ hybridization method. This survey revealed novel distinct spatial expression patterns that either reflected the ontogeny of the developing caryopsis or indicated specialized cellular functions. We have identified both known and novel genes whose expression is cell cycle–dependent. We have identified the crease region as important in setting up the developmental patterning, because the transition from proliferation to differentiation spreads from this region to the rest of the endosperm. A comparison of this set of genes with the rice (Oryza sativa) genome shows that approximately two-thirds have rice counterparts but also suggests considerable divergence with regard to proteins involved in grain filling. We found that the wheat genes had significant homology with 350 Arabidopsis thaliana genes. At least 25 of these are already known to be essential for seed development in Arabidopsis, but many others remain to be characterized.
Phase Relations in the System La‐Rh‐O and Thermodynamic Properties of LaRhO3
Authors: Jacob K. Thomas , Waseda Yoshio 
Published: July 2005

Phase relations in the system La‐Rh‐O at 1223 K have been determined by examination of equilibrated samples by optical and scanning electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy‐dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDAX). Only one ternary oxide, LaRhO3, with distorted orthorhombic perovskite structure (Pbnm, a = 0.5525, b= 0.5680, and c= 0.7901 nm) was identified. The alloys and intermetallics along the La‐Rh binary are in equilibrium with La2O3. The thermodynamic properties of LaRhO3 were determined in the temperature range 890 to 1310 K, using a solid‐state cell incorporating yttria‐stabilized zirconia as the electrolyte. A new four‐compartment design of the emf cell was used to enhance the accuracy of measurement. For the reaction

image
The compound decomposes on heating to a mixture of La2O3, Rh and O2. The calculated decomposition temperatures are 1843 (± 5) K in pure O2 and 1728 (± 5) K in air at a pressure of 1.01 × 105 Pa. The phase diagrams for the system La‐Rh‐O at different partial pressures of oxygen are calculated from the thermodynamic information.
Scratching and Grinding of a Machinable Glass‐Ceramic with Weak Interfaces and Rising T‐Curve
Authors: Xu Hockin H. K. , Jahanmir Said 
Published: July 2005

The scratching and grinding response of a machinable mica‐containing glass‐ceramic is examined relative to the base glass. The influence of weak interfaces and a rising toughness curve (T‐curve) on machinability and damage modes is investigated. A profound manifestation of these characteristics is a change in the nature of subsurface damage from macroscopic fracture in the base glass to distributed microfracture in the glass‐ceramic. As a result, the mechanism of material removal changes from extension of macrocracks in the base glass to microfracture and dis‐lodgement of the mica grains in the glass‐ceramic. High removal rates in scratching compare with low forces in grinding of the glass‐ceramic. The removal rates and the grinding forces are found to correlate with the short‐crack toughness instead of the conventional long‐crack toughness.Abrasive machining of ceramics possessing weak grain boundaries and interfaces and associated rising T‐ curve behavior is discussed in light of these results.
Gibbs Energy of Formation of CuGd2O4 and Phase Relations in the Cu‐Gd‐O System
Authors: Kale G. M. , Fray D. J. 
Published: July 2005

Oxygen potentials for the coexistence of Cu2O + Gd2O3+ CuGd2O4, Cu2O + CuO + CuGd2O4, and Cu + Cu2O + Gd2O3 three‐phase equilibrium have been measured by employing the solid‐state galvanic cells
image

between 960 and 1290 K, respectively. The results obtained in this study indicate that the ternary phase, CuGd2O4, is nearly stoichiometric. The measured oxygen potentials for the coexistence of various three‐phase assemblages are given by the expressions
image

between 960 and 1290 K, respectively. Combining the oxygen potentials for the coexistence of Cu2O + Gd2O3+ CuGd2O4 with that of Cu2O + CuO gives for the reaction
image

The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that the formation of CuGd2O4 from component oxides is slightly endothermic and the phase CuGd2O4 is an entropystabilized compound. The enthalpy and entropy of formation of CuGd2O4 from component oxides obtained in this study are in excellent agreement with the recent calorimetric data. Phase relations and oxygen‐potential diagram for the Cu‐Gd‐O ternary system have been constructed at 1273 K by combining the results obtained in this study and the auxiliary thermodynamic data available in the literature.
Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition Temperatures of Y‐Mg‐Si‐Al‐O‐N Glasses
Authors: Peterson Irene M. , Tien Tseng‐Ying 
Published: July 2005

The thermal expansion coefficients and glass transition temperatures of Y‐Mg‐Si‐Al‐O‐N glasses were measured using dilatometry. The thermal expansion coefficients of these glasses could be calculated on the basis of composition, using experimentally determined thermal expansion prefactors.
The proof of the pudding: What difference does multi‐agency working make to families with disabled children with complex health care needs?
Authors: Abbott David , Watson Debby , Townsley Ruth 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTMore than 20 years of research with disabled children, young people and their families has highlighted the need for the different professionals and services that support them to work more closely together. The British policy and legal framework for ‘joined up working’ has never been stronger. However, there has been an assumption that multi‐ or inter‐agency working will inevitably be a ‘good thing’ for families. This paper discusses findings from a 3‐year research project which looked at both the process and impact of multi‐agency working on families with a disabled child with complex health care needs. Interviews with 25 parents and 18 children and young people who used six developed, multi‐agency services were carried out. Findings suggested that the services had made a big difference to the health care needs of disabled children but were less able to meet the wider needs of the child and the family – particularly in relation to social and emotional needs. Multi‐agency working appeared to make some positive, but not significant, differences to the lives of families.
Collaboration between service users and professionals: Legitimate decisions in child protection – a Norwegian model
Authors: Willumsen Elisabeth , Skivenes Marit 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to examine the conditions for achieving free and open communication in collaboration. The context is child protection where ‘the best interest of the child’ is at stake. First, a theoretical standard based on free and open communication and equal partnership (deliberation) is presented. Secondly, an explorative analysis is undertaken of the collaboration process between professionals and service users in two review groups regarding two young people, Jane and Tom, both of whom appear to have psychosocial  problems  living  in  residential  care.  Thirdly,  on  the  basis  of this analysis, recommendations on how to improve collaboration in review groups are made. The findings show that collaboration has several functions: formal decision‐making, legitimate decision‐making and learning. There is a need to clarify the purpose of collaboration and strengthen structural arrangements as well as develop guidelines for handling challenges at different levels.
Practice challenges at the intersection of child protection and mental health
Authors: Darlington Yvonne , Feeney Judith A. , Rixon Kylie 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the complexity of collaboration between child protection and mental health services, where a parent has a mental illness and there are protection concerns for children. The paper reports on data from focused in‐depth interviews with 36 child protection workers, adult mental health workers and child and youth mental health workers. Data were analysed thematically, using NVivo to facilitate data management and analysis. Two dimensions were identified. The first, the process of collaboration, relates to four factors that assisted the collaborative process: communication, knowledge, role clarity and resources. The second dimension considers the challenges presented to collaborative work when a parent has a mental illness and a child is in need of protection, and identifies issues that are inherent in cases of this kind. Two types of challenge were identified. The first related to characteristics of mental illness, and included the episodic and/or unpredictable nature of mental illness, incorporating information from psychiatric and parenting capacity assessments, and the provision of ongoing support. The second type of challenge concerned the tension between the conflicting needs of parents and their children, and how this was viewed from both the adult mental health and the child protection perspective. Implications for policy and practice are identified in relation to the need for service models that provide ongoing, flexible support that can be intensified or held back as needed.
The SESS multisite collaborative research initiative: establishing common ground
Authors: Iida Elizabeth E. , Springer J. Fred , Pecora Peter J. , Bandstra Emmalee S. , Edwards Mark C. , Basen Michele M. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTMultidisciplinary intervention approaches are needed for meeting service needs for families in which substance abuse and mental health disorders may be interfering with child‐rearing. Experiences from the Starting Early Starting Smart (SESS) initiative, a 12‐site national collaborative investigation of integrating behavioural health services in early childhood and primary health care service settings for children aged 0–5 years and their families and caregivers, are described. This 4‐year applied research initiative was co‐funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services and Casey Family Programs, a private operating foundation. SESS, which was developed and implemented in 12 geographically and culturally diverse cities in the USA during 1997–2001, encouraged federal, state, and local public/private partnerships. Opportunities and challenges in using an inclusive, consensus‐based, stakeholder model to maximize study relevance and utility for researchers, practitioners, and fiscal sponsors are discussed, and lessons for multidisciplinary, multisite research collaborations are identified.
A study of the rheological properties of endodontic sealers
Authors: Lacey S. , Pitt Ford T. R. , Watson T. F. , Sherriff M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAim  To test the hypothesis that there would be no statistically significant difference in viscosity‐related measures of endodontic sealers or change in these with strain rate, internal diameter or powder : liquid ratio in a capillary system.Methodology  Materials used were Apexit, Tubliseal EWT, Grossman's sealer and Ketac‐endo. Viscosity‐related measures were tested in a two‐plate test, and in a capillary rheometer. The mean values (n = 12) for thickness and diameter of material formed between two glass plates were tested with one‐way analysis of variance. Pressure was applied to a capillary rheometer at strain rates 5 and 10 mm min−1 in tubes of internal diameter 0.6 and 1.2 mm.Results  Tubliseal EWT had a thinner film thickness than the other sealers (α = 0.05). The difference in diameter between Tubliseal EWT and the other sealers was significant apart from Apexit. Increased strain rate gave a significant increase (α = 0.05) in the flow of all sealers. Narrower tubes produced increased velocity, which was significant for all sealers, and reduced volumetric flow, which was significant for all sealers except Grossman's 2 : 1 (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Reduction in powder : liquid ratio of Grossman's significantly increased flow in narrow tubes and at higher strain rate (Mann–Whitney test).Conclusion  There was a significant difference between the flow of Tubliseal EWT and the other sealers tested in the two‐plate test; capillary flow was affected by sealer, internal diameter, strain rate and powder : liquid ratio. The null hypotheses were rejected.
Cytotoxicity of substances leached or dissolved from pulp capping materials
Authors: Cavalcanti B. N. , Rode S. M. , Marques M. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAim  To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of substances leached or dissolved from pulp capping materials on human pulp fibroblasts.Methodology  The substances were applied to cell cultures in conditioned media. The experimental groups were: GI (control; n = 24) – cultures treated with fresh medium; GII (n = 24) – cultures treated with calcium hydroxide cement; GIII (n = 24) – cultures treated with adhesive resin and GIV (n = 24) – cultures treated with 37% orthophosphoric acid. The media were conditioned by placing the crude materials in contact with fresh culture medium for 1 h. The cytotoxicity analysis was performed using the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay at times of 0, 6, 12 and 24 h for cell viability assay, and at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days for survival assay. Data were treated by anova (P < 0.05) and Tukey's test (P < 0.05).Results  GI and II presented similar cell viability and cell growth. GIII and IV exhibited statistically significant lower percentages of cell viability: GIV only at the 0 h experimental time, whereas in GIII this viability markedly diminished reaching values of 10% by 12 h. Cell growth was impaired only in cultures of GIII.Conclusions  Substances dissolved from the adhesive system tested were cytotoxic for human dental pulp fibroblasts in culture, whilst substances leached from calcium hydroxide were biocompatible.