bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of reaction temperatures in a very high pressure shock tube using chemical thermometers
Authors: Tranter R. S. , Sivaramakrishnan R. , Srinivasan N. , Brezinsky K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo chemical thermometers, 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane and cyclohexene, have been used to calibrate the temperatures behind reflected shock waves, T5real, in a unique high‐pressure, single‐pulse shock tube. Experiments with 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane were performed at nominal postshock pressures of 5000 psi and 9000 psi, and T5real was calculated from the extent of the reaction and literature values for k∞. Both parent molecule decomposition and product formation were used to calculate the extent of reaction. At each pressure the two methods of calculating T5real are in excellent agreement. The values for T5real obtained from the cyclohexene experiments are in good agreement with those from 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane. The range of the temprature calibration is 1050–1350 K. No discernable pressure dependence between the two sets of experiments was observed for the calculated values of T5real. The effect of a 10% rise in pressure during the residence time on the calculated temperatures was also examined and is found to give rise to only small errors in T5real. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 722–731, 2001
‘There's something else missing here’: BPR and the requirements process
Authors: Crabtree Andy , Rouncefield Mark , Tolmie Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBusiness Process Reengineering (BPR) offers one potential and increasingly influential solution to the requirements problem in software engineering by focusing on core processes. In considering an ethnographic study of process modelling, we suggest that BPR approaches “miss something” of fundamental importance in generating requirements – namely the situated work‐practices whereby processes are produced. BPR overlooks the actual work that systems must support if they are to resonate with, and at the same time transform, practical circumstances of use. We outline a strategy for explicating work‐practice for purposes of system design which complements the effort to “reengineer the corporation”. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of simulated CO2 and GaAlAs laser surface decontamination on temperature changes in Ti‐plasma sprayed dental implants
Authors: Kreisler Matthias , Al Haj Haitham , Götz Hermann , Duschner Heinz , d'Hoedt Bernd 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo investigate and compare temperature elevations at the implant‐bone interface during simulated implant surface decontamination with a CO2 and a GaAlAs laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsStepped cylinder implants (Frialit 2® Friadent GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with a Titanium plasma sprayed surface were inserted into bone blocks cut from pig femurs. An artificial periimplant bone defect provided access for laser irradiation in the coronal third. Both lasers were operated at 1.0–2.5 W in the cw‐mode. The bone block was placed into a 37°C water bath in order to simulate in vivo thermal conductivity and diffusitivity of heat. K‐type thermocouples connected to a digital meter were used to register temperature changes at the periimplant bone.ResultsIn mean, the critical threshold of 47°C was exceeded after 8 seconds at a power output of 2.5 W, 13 seconds at 2.0 W, 18 seconds at 1.5 W, and 42 seconds at 1.0 W with the GaAlAs laser and 15 seconds (2.5 W), 23 seconds (2.0 W), 35 seconds (1.5 W), and 56 seconds (1.0 W) with the CO2 laser. At equal energy fluence, GaAlAs laser irradiation induced significantly higher temperature elevations than CO2 laser irradiation.ConclusionsIn an energy dependent manner implant surface decontamination with both laser types must be limited in time to allow the implant and bone to cool down. Clinical guidelines are presented to avoid tissue damage. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:233‐239, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrashort pulse laser ossicular ablation and stapedotomy in cadaveric bone*†
Authors: Armstrong William B. , Neev Joseph A. , Da Silva Luiz B. , Rubenchik Alexander M. , C. Stuart Brent 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the ablation of ossicular tissue using a 1,053 nm Ti:Sapphire chirped pulse amplifier laser system configured to deliver ultrashort pulses of 350 femtoseconds (fs) (3.5 × 10−13 seconds) in cadaver temporal bone.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAblation of the formalin‐fixed incus and stapes was performed using an ultrashort pulse laser (USPL) (0.4 mm beam diameter, pulse fluence of 2.0 J/cm2, and pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz). The ablation rate was measured using optical micrometry, and crater surface morphology examined using scanning electron microscopy.ResultsThe laser produced precise bone ablation at a rate of 1.26 μm/pulse, with almost no evidence of thermal damage, and very little evidence of photomechanical injury.ConclusionsUltrashort pulse lasers may provide a useful clinical tool for otologic and skull base surgery, where precise hard tissue ablation is required adjacent to critical structures. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:216‐220, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cryogen spray cooling: Effects of droplet size and spray density on heat removal
Authors: Pikkula Brian M. , Torres Jorge H. , Tunnell James W. , Anvari Bahman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCryogen spray cooling (CSC) is an effective method to reduce or eliminate non‐specific injury to the epidermis during laser treatment of various dermatological disorders. In previous CSC investigations, fuel injectors have been used to deliver the cryogen onto the skin surface. The objective of this study was to examine cryogen atomization and heat removal characteristics of various cryogen delivery devices.Study Design/Materials and MethodsVarious cryogen delivery device types including fuel injectors, atomizers, and a device currently used in clinical settings were investigated. Cryogen mass was measured at the delivery device output orifice. Cryogen droplet size profiling for various cryogen delivery devices was estimated by optically imaging the droplets in flight. Heat removal for various cryogen delivery devices was estimated over a range of spraying distances by temperature measurements in an skin phantom used in conjunction with an inverse heat conduction model.ResultsA substantial range of mass outputs were measured for the cryogen delivery devices while heat removal varied by less than a factor of two. Droplet profiling demonstrated differences in droplet size and spray density.ConclusionsResults of this study show that variation in heat removal by different cryogen delivery devices is modest despite the relatively large difference in cryogen mass output and droplet size. A non‐linear relationship between heat removal by various devices and droplet size and spray density was observed. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:103–112, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding voluntary simplifiers
Authors: Craig‐Lees Margaret , Hill Constance 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost of the literature on the voluntary simplicity (VS) lifestyle has come from the popular press and environmental activists, who tend to take a rather philosophical and moralistic stance. Although several academics have discussed the concept, it has had little mention in the marketing literature. Recently, a detailed commentary has considered the VS lifestyle from a social‐science perspective. Although this lifestyle type has been gaining attention, the literature reveals there is no clear understanding of this way of life. Different authors have different opinions about what should be at the essence of what constitutes VS lifestyle behavior. Our research seeks to address this problem by gaining a fuller understanding of voluntary simplifiers in relation to nonvoluntary simplifiers. Thus, this article reports on a study of 53 one‐hour interviews that contrasts and compares these two groups. From the findings, it was revealed that there are indeed certain differences across groups that could be of particular interest to marketers and academics. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new full‐nest classification approach
Authors: Schaninger Charles M. , Lee Dong Hwan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study conceptually and empirically develops an improved approach for classifying full‐nest households. Unlike existing life‐cycle models, this study separates traditional full‐nest couples who marry and have children at a young age from those who delay marriage and childbearing until their 30s. Nontraditional delayed full‐nest spouses held nontraditional sex role norms and values and experienced greater work and time pressures. They also consumed more healthy foods and beverages, avoided convenience and junk foods, but consumed more meals prepared away from home, as well as alcoholic beverages, than their traditional counterparts. While extant life‐cycle approaches use age of head of household to separate school‐age and older full‐nest families, this study uses the transitions of the youngest child to school age, and then to teenage years. This distinction more effectively captures life‐style and consumption differences than does the traditional life‐cycle approach. Overall, this new full‐nest classification scheme outperforms existing life‐cycle approaches in identifying unique sex‐role norms and values profiles as well as household food and beverage consumption patterns. It also captures meaningful and significant differences, in dollar values of home entertainment devices and furniture and of major durable assets not uncovered by previous research. Based on these findings, it is recommended that this full‐nest classification approach be incorporated into extant life‐cycle models. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DNA methyltransferase and demethylase in human prostate cancer
Authors: Patra Samir K. , Patra Aditi , Zhao Hong , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent studies have shown that cytosine‐5 methylation at CpG islands in the regulatory sequence of a gene is one of the key mechanisms of inactivation. The enzymes responsible for CpG methylation are DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, and the enzyme responsible for demethylation is DNA demethylase (MBD2). Studies on methylation‐demethylation enzymes are lacking in human prostate cancer. We hypothesize that MBD2 enzyme activity is repressed and that DNMT1 enzyme activity is elevated in human prostate cancer. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed enzyme activities, mRNA, and protein levels of MBD2 and DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b in human prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. The enzyme activities of DNMTs and MBD2 were analyzed by biochemical assay. The mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and by Northern blotting. The protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. The results of these experiments demonstrated that (1) the activity of DNMTs was twofold to threefold higher in cancer cell lines and cancer tissues, as compared with a benign prostate epithelium cell line (BPH‐1) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues; (2) MBD2 activity was lacking in prostate cancer cell lines but present in BPH‐1 cells; (3) immunohistochemical analyses exhibited higher expression of DNMT1 in all prostate cancer cell lines and cancer tissues, as compared with BPH‐1 cell lines and BPH tissues; (4) MBD2 protein expression was significantly higher in BPH‐1 cells and lacking in prostate cancer cell lines and, in BPH tissues, MBD2 protein expression was poorly observed, as compared with no expression in prostate cancer tissues; and (5) mRNA expression for DNMT1 was upregulated in prostate cancer, as compared with BPH‐1, and mRNA expression for MBD2 was found to be significantly expressed in all cases. The results of these studies clearly demonstrate that DNMT1 activity is upregulated, whereas MBD2 is repressed at the level of translation in human prostate cancer. These results may demonstrate molecular mechanisms of CpG hypermethylation of various genes in prostate cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robustness in the Pareto‐solutions for the multi‐criteria minisum location problem
Authors: Fernández F.R. , Nickel S. , Puerto J. , Rodríguez‐Chía A.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a new trend is introduced into the field of multi‐criteria location problems. We combine the robustness approach using the minmax regret criterion together with Pareto‐optimality. We consider the multi‐criteria squared Euclidean minisum location problem which consists of simultaneously minimizing a number of weighted sum‐distance functions and the set of Pareto‐optimal locations as its solution concept. The Pareto‐optimal solutions for the set of robust locations with respect to the original weighted sum‐distance functions is completely characterized. These Pareto‐optimal solutions have both the properties of stability and non‐domination which are required in robust and multi‐criteria programming. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monodisperse polymer‐based stationary phase for carbohydrate analysis by reduced‐diameter column anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detector
Authors: Ohkubo Aya , Shirota Osamu , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kimura Tomohiko , Ohtsu Yutaka , Hosoya Ken , Tanaka Nobuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA monodisperse polymer‐based anion exchanger was synthesized through a two‐step swelling and polymerization method for the analysis of unmodified carbohydrates by reduced‐diameter column liquid chromatography with a pulsed amperometric detector. Separation characteristics were studied for several different classes of carbohydrates, including sugar phosphates. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 8–12, 2001
Pyrolysis GC/MS, present and future (recent past and present needs)*
Authors: Moldoveanu S. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article examines several recent advances in pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS). Selected aspects in the field are exemplified using original results. Only the pyrolysis component of Py‐GC/MS is discussed, the GC/MS component being beyond the purposes of this article. New techniques used in Py‐GC/MS are reviewed in the first part. The results obtained using an original technique, pyrolysis‐SPME‐GC/MS, are presented for cellulose. Also, the use of an internal standard in analytical pyrolysis is discussed. Regarding theoretical aspects of analytical pyrolysis, it is shown that the heating rate of most commercially available pyrolyzers is high enough for performing isothermal pyrolysis of polymers. One other aspect exemplified with original results is the preservation of certain stereochemical features from the parent compound to the pyrolytic fragments. Only one area regarding recent applications of Py‐GC/MS is discussed in more detail, namely the analysis in pyrolysates of trace components related to health and environmental issues. The subject is exemplified with original work in analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines in pyrolysates. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 102–125, 2001
Efficiency in pre‐merger and post‐merger non‐bank financial institutions
Authors: Worthington Andrew C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA two‐part process is employed to analyse the role of efficiency in merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in Australian credit unions during the period 1993–1997. The measures of efficiency are derived using the non‐parametric technique of data envelopment analysis. The first part uses panel data in the probit model to relate pure technical efficiency, along with other managerial, regulatory and financial factors, to the probability of merger activity, either as an acquiring or acquired entity. The results indicate that loan portfolio diversification, management ability, earnings and asset size are a significant influence on the probability of acquisition, though the primary determinant of being acquired is smaller asset size. The second part uses a tobit model adapted to a panel framework to analyse post‐merger efficiency. Mergers appear to have improved both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in the credit union industry. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tardive dyskinesia model in the common marmoset
Authors: Klintenberg Rebecka , Gunne Lars , Andrén Per E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThirteen adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were given once‐monthly injections of haloperidol decanoate (5–15 mg/kg i.m.) for one year. Thereafter, drug‐free and treatment periods alternated at 3‐month intervals. After 2.5 to 14 months, 12 monkeys showed symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (TD), such as periocular and perioral twitchings, tongue protrusions, masticatory movements, and choreic movements in arms and legs. When TD symptoms were evident, the periodic treatment was interrupted and symptoms persisted for at least 5 months after the last haloperidol dose, worsened by injection of the anticholinergic drug biperiden. An injection of nondepot haloperidol (0.12 or 0.25 mg/kg) produced a reduction of TD symptoms. At the end of the study, nondepot haloperidol was injected once a week at two doses (0.12 and 0.25 mg/kg i.m.). A syndrome of excitation with peculiar behavior, interpreted as acute dystonia, was precipitated in all animals. The animals showed sustained retrocollis, climbing upside down, biting the perch, repetitive turnings, and frequent backward movements. The dystonic movements lasted approximately 6 hours and were reduced but not completely extinguished by biperiden (0.1 mg/kg). The TD syndrome registered in marmosets may provide a useful model for screening new antipsychotics for their propensity to induce TD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Caspase‐3 activation in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐treated mice
Authors: Turmel Hélène , Hartmann Andreas , Parain Karine , Douhou Aicha , Srinivasan Anu , Agid Yves , Hirsch Etienne C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) models of Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic (DA) neurons have been shown to die by apoptosis. Moreover, recent postmortem and in vitro results have indicated that apoptotic cell death induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) may be mediated by caspase‐3. To establish whether caspase‐3 activation may indeed play a role in an in vivo model of PD, we studied caspase‐3 activation in C57Bl/6 mice subchronically intoxicated with MPTP. We show that caspase‐3 activation peaks early, at days 1 and 2 after the end of MPTP intoxication. In contrast, pycnotic neurons persist until day 7 postintoxication, indicating that caspase‐3 activation is an early and transient phenomenon in apoptotic death of DA neurons. We further demonstrate that loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in this model is indeed due to cell loss rather than to loss of TH protein expression. We conclude that mice subchronically intoxicated with MPTP represent a valid PD model to study and manipulate caspase activation in vivo. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Bilateral pallidal stimulation for idiopathic segmental axial dystonia advanced from meige syndrome refractory to bilateral thalamotomy
Authors: Muta Daisuke , Goto Satoshi , Nishikawa Shigeyuki , Hamasaki Tadashi , Ushio Yukitaka , Inoue Nobuhiro , Mita Shuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMeige syndrome is an adult‐onset dystonic movement disorder that predominantly involves facial muscles, while some patients with this syndrome develop spasmodic dysphonia and dystonia of the neck, trunk, arms, and legs. We report that all dystonic symptoms that had been refractory to both pharmacotherapy and bilateral thalamotomy were markedly alleviated by bilateral pallidal stimulation in a patient with segmental axial dystonia advanced from Meige syndrome. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma in the SMA presenting as rapidly progressive parkinsonism
Authors: Haussermann P. , Wilhelm Th. , Keinath S. , Stölzle C. , Conrad B. , Ceballos‐Baumann A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a 56‐year‐old man who developed a rapidly progressive parkinsonism and apraxia over 2 months due to biopsy confirmed cerebral non‐Hodgkin lymphoma primarily involving the SMA and parts of the superior frontal gyrus bilaterally. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Gastric emptying time and gastric motility in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hardoff Ruth , Sula Michael , Tamir Ada , Soil Adrian , Front Avi , Badarna Samich , Honigman Silvia , Giladi Nir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, and bloating are frequent complaints of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been postulated that impaired gastrointestinal function may contribute to the development of motor fluctuations such as delay on and no on in patients with PD. Gastrointestinal impaired function and symptoms may be associated with the disease itself or secondary to levodopa treatment. Thus, we assessed gastric emptying (GE) and gastric motility in PD patients to examine the association between clinical status and gastric function. GE and antral contraction (frequency and amplitude) were evaluated by scintigraphy in 29 patients with mild PD (Hoehn and Yahr [H&Y] stage 1.0–2.0); 22 patients with moderate PD (H&Y stage 2.5–3.0); and 22 healthy volunteers, following the ingestion of a labeled standard meal. Gastric emptying (mean ± SD of T1/2) and antral contraction were not significantly different between patients with mild PD (63.4 ± 28.8 minutes) and moderate PD (54.7 ± 25.5 minutes). In the control group, GE was 43.4 ± 10.8 minutes (range 29.0 – 61.0 minutes). The prevalence of delayed emptying (>61 minutes) was not significantly different in patients with mild disease (48.3%) as compared with patients with moderate disease (36.4%). Antral contraction, both frequency and amplitude, were not significantly different between patients with mild and moderate PD throughout the entire 100 minutes of the study. Untreated patients (n = 28) had mean GE T1/2 of 59 ± 30.6 minutes. Patients with smooth response to levodopa showed slower GE (n = 10; 73.6 ± 25.3 minutes), while treated patients with motor response fluctuations when tested at the on state (n = 13), had much faster GE (49.3 ± 16.2 minutes). This shortened GE in the on state was similar to the GE of normal volunteers. We conclude that gastric emptying time in patients with PD was delayed compared with control volunteers. It was even slower in patients treated with levodopa. This effect of levodopa treatment was reversed to pseudonormalization (normal GE) at the advanced stages of the disease, when patients developed motor response fluctuation. Other clinical features of PD were not associated with delayed gastric emptying. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.