bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apportionment in property valuation: should we separate the inseparable?
Authors: Hendriks Dave 
Published: September 2005

PurposeProperty valuers are often asked to allocate portions of the market value of a property to parts of the subject property. This paper aims to illustrate that the market value of a property cannot be divided into a market value for the land and a market value for the improvement.Design/methodology/approachApportionment methods that exist in practice are briefly addressed and shortcomings are identified. Also theory that was developed for valuation and apportionment purposes is discussed and evaluated. From a combination of theory and practice conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.FindingsThe combination of theory and practice show that the existing apportionment methods are unreliable tools for property analysis. Some suggestions are made concerning tools that might replace apportionment in property analysis.Practical implicationsApportionment plays an important role in property investment and finance decisions. Due to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) apportionment will have a strong role to play in financial reporting and through this it will influence management and investment decisions indirectly. This paper shows that apportionment methods are not reliable and that important decisions should not be based on results from apportionment methods. Valuers should no longer supply these apportionments unless the client fully understands the shortcomings of the method used. On the other hand, clients, their advisors and auditors should no longer ask for value apportionments, as there are far more reliable alternatives.Originality/valueThe property profession has been struggling with apportionment theory for years. At this time IFRS introduces a strong need for value apportionment. Therefore, this is the time for the property profession to thoroughly investigate the shortcomings of existing apportionment methods and to come up with alternatives. This paper is an attempt to do just that.
The role of proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of heartburn during pregnancy
Authors: Christopher Leslie A. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo review the problem of heartburn in gravid women, discuss the present treatment options, and examine the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as one of the treatment options for moderate to severe heartburn.Data sourcesExtensive review of worldwide scientific literature on the use and safety of PPIs during pregnancy and heartburn during pregnancy.ConclusionsPreliminary information indicates that use of PPIs during pregnancy is safe for both the fetus and the woman and that obstetrical practitioners are using them more frequently. Randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the efficacy of PPIs to treat heartburn during pregnancy, especially as they are compared to histamine2 receptor antagonists.Implications for practiceHeartburn during pregnancy is at risk for being undertreated, given that delivery is the cure. As PPIs are more widely used by women, questions will arise regarding their use in the first trimester as well as throughout pregnancy. This article brings nurse practitioners up to date on the safety of PPIs through the literature review and suggests various treatment options that can be discussed with the patient.
Development and psychometric testing of the EverCare Nurse Practitioner Role and Activity Scale (ENPRAS)
Authors: Abdallah Lisa , Fawcett Jacqueline , Kane Robert L. , Dick Karen , Chen Jie 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo develop and test an instrument measuring the frequency of the performance of role activities by EverCare nurse practitioners (NPs), who provide primary care to nursing home residents.Data sourcesOne hundred thirty‐one EverCare Nurse Practitioner Role and Activity Scale (ENPRAS) activities were identified through telephone interviews (n= 11), participant observation (n= 5), and a focus group (n= 4).ConclusionsTwo content validity tests (n= 11; n= 15) (Content Validity Index ≥ .78 for all retained items) and internal consistency reliability testing (n= 127; Cronbach's alpha = .78–.96) yielded 99 activities arranged in six role subscales—Collaborator, Clinician, Care Manager/Coordinator, Counselor, Communicator/Cheerleader, and Coach/Educator.Implications for practiceThe ENPRAS can be used to measure similarities and differences in NP practice activities performed by EverCare NPs working at different EverCare program sites and to compare practice activities performed by EverCare NPs and other NPs. The EverCare program is sponsored by United Health Care, which leads the field in collaborative NP/MD primary care in nursing homes. Future studies should be directed toward testing the generalizability of the ENPRAS with NPs working in other collaborative models, as well as NPs in noncollaborative models of care delivery in the long‐term care setting.
How does information about sleeping arrangements contribute to nurse practitioners’ assessment of development?
Authors: Middlemiss Wendy 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo explore how information about children's sleeping arrangements contributes to nurse practitioners’ (NPs) assessment of children's developmental progress at toddlerhood.Data sourcesSelected research articles and a survey of NPs’ assessments of development for toddlers engaged in solitary and shared sleeping arrangements.ConclusionsResearch does not provide definitive information regarding the connection between children's engagement in different sleeping arrangements and children's development. In this study, information about how sleeping arrangements played a role in NPs’ ratings of toddlers’ current and predicted social development and autonomy, but not toddlers’ language skills, is presented. NPs’ ratings of the development of boys who engaged in shared sleeping arrangements suggested that NPs’ viewed this sleeping arrangement as a risk factor for both social development and autonomy. Shared sleeping arrangements for girls were not identified as a risk factor, with some analyses suggesting that shared sleep may have a positive impact on girls’ social development.Implications for practiceAssessing children's developmental progress is one task completed by Family and Pediatric NPs. NPs gather information across many sources in making these developmental assessments. Type of sleeping arrangement can be one of these sources as it has been connected to children's developmental progress. However, information available in the literature is inconclusive and often contradictory in regard to how sleeping arrangements impact development. To help clarify how NPs currently use information concerning sleeping arrangements to assess developmental progress, this report describes how sleeping arrangements influenced ratings of 18‐month‐old toddlers’ current and later predicted levels of development. This information can help NPs develop strategies for assessing development in light of information regarding sleep arrangements.
Gastric cancer screening of a high‐risk population in Japan using serum pepsinogen and barium digital radiography
Authors: Ohata Hiroshi , Oka Masashi , Yanaoka Kimihiko , Shimizu Yasuhito , Mukoubayashi Chizu , Mugitani Kouichi , Iwane Masataka , Nakamura Hideya , Tamai Hideyuki , Arii Kenji , Nakata Hiroya , Yoshimura Noriko , Takeshita Tetsuya , Miki Kazumasa , Mohara Osamu , Ichinose Masao 
Published: September 2005

With the aim of developing more efficient gastric cancer screening programs for use in Japan, we studied a new screening program that combines serum pepsinogen (PG) testing and barium digital radiography (DR). A total of 17 647 middle‐aged male subjects underwent workplace screening over a 7‐year period using a combination of PG testing and DR. This program's effectiveness, as well as other characteristics of the program, was analyzed. Forty‐nine cases of gastric cancer were detected (comprising 88% early cancer cases). The detection rate was 0.28%, and the positive predictive value was 0.85%. The PG test detected 63.3% of cases, DR detected 69.4% of cases, and both tests were positive in 32.7% of cancer cases. The two methods were almost equally effective, and were considerably more effective than conventional screening using photofluorography. Each screening method detected a distinct gastric cancer subgroup; the PG test efficiently detected asymptomatic small early cancer with intestinal type histology, while DR was efficient at detecting cancers with depressed or ulcerated morphology and diffuse type histology. The cost for the detection of a single cancer was much less than that for conventional screening. In fact, it is possible to further reduce the cost of detecting a single cancer to a cost comparable to that of surgically resecting a single gastric cancer. Thus, it is probable that a highly efficient gastric cancer screening system can be implemented by combining the two screening methods. Such a screening program would be beneficial in a population at high risk for gastric cancer. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 713 – 720)
Acupressure for prevention of pre‐operative anxiety: a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study
Authors: Agarwal A. , Ranjan R. , Dhiraaj S. , Lakra A. , Kumar M. , Singh U. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryPre‐operative anxiety is associated with many unwanted effects such as increased analgesic and anaesthetic requirement, postoperative pain and prolonged hospital stay. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acupressure on pre‐operative anxiety and bispectral index (BIS) values. Seventy‐six adults, ASA grade I and II, undergoing elective surgery, were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group 1 (control) received acupressure at an inappropriate site and group 2 (acupressure) received acupressure at extra 1 point. The study was conducted during the pre‐operative period and the duration of the study was 40 min (acupressure was applied for 10 min and thereafter patients were observed for another 30 min). Anxiety was recorded on a visual stress scale (VSS) at the start of the study and thereafter at 10 and 40 min. BIS was recorded at 0, 2, 5, 10, 12, 15, 30 and 40 min. The VSS decreased in both groups following pressure application for 10 min: median VSS (interquartile range) were 5 (1) vs. 8 (1) in the acupressure and 7 (0) vs. 8 (1) in the control groups (p < 0.001). Both pre‐operative anxiety and BIS decreased significantly during acupressure application at extra 1 point (p < 0.001). Acupressure is effective in decreasing both pre‐operative anxiety and BIS; however, these effects are not sustained 30 min following release of acupressure. Further studies are needed to elucidate the duration for which acupressure is effective.
Influence of Mediterranean sea‐level changes on the Dacic Basin (Eastern Paratethys) during the late Neogene: the Mediterranean Lago Mare facies deciphered
Authors: Clauzon Georges , Suc Jean‐Pierre , Popescu Speranta‐Maria , Marunteanu Mariana , Rubino Jean‐Loup , Marinescu Florian , Melinte Mihaela Carmen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA recently published scenario viewing the Messinian salinity crisis as two evaporitic steps rather than one has led to a search for new indices of the crisis in the Eastern Paratethys. Fluvial processes characterized the southwestern Dacic Basin (Southern Romania, i.e. the Carpathian foredeep) whereas brackish sediments were continuously deposited in its northern part. This is consistent with previously evidenced responses of the Black Sea to the Messinian salinity crisis. High sea‐level exchanges between the Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Paratethys are considered to have occurred just before and just after desiccation of the Mediterranean. This accounts for two successive Mediterranean nannoplankton‐dinocyst influxes into the Eastern Paratethys that, respectively, belong to zones NN 11 and NN 12. Meanwhile, two separate events that gave rise to Lago Mare facies (with Paratethyan Congeria, ostracods and/or dinoflagellate cysts) arose in the Mediterranean Basin in response to these high sea‐level exchanges and located 5.52 and 5.33 Ma (isotopic stages TG 11 and TG 5, respectively), i.e. just before and just after the almost complete desiccation of the Mediterranean). These Lago Mare facies formed independently of lakes with ostracods of the Cyprideis group that developed in the central basins during the final stages of desiccation. The gateway faciliting these water exchanges is not completely identified. A proto‐Bosphorus strait seems unlikely. A plausible alternative route extends from the northern part of the Thessaloniki region up to the Dacic Basin and through Macedonia and the Sofia Basin. The expression ‘Lago Mare’ is chronostratigraphically ambiguous and should be discontinued for this purpose, although it might remain useful as a palaeoenvironmental term.
Migration pathways in the Central North Slope foreland basin, Alaska USA: solute and thermal constraints on fluid flow simulations
Authors: Nunn Jeffrey A. , Hanor Jeffrey S. , Lee Youngmin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe North Slope foreland basin, Alaska, USA is an east–west asymmetrical trough‐shaped basin adjacent to the Brooks Range fold‐thrust mountain belt. Lower Cretaceous age rocks make up much of the sediment fill, including flysch‐like marine turbidites and shales of the Torok and Fortress Mountain formations and marine and sandstones, shales and conglomerates of the overlying Nanushuk group. Lower Cretaceous age rocks were deposited on top of a Palaeozoic and Mesozoic age passive margin sequence. We have conducted numerical simulations of fluid flow driven by topographic recharge in the Central North Slope foreland basin. These simulations are constrained by salinity estimates from well logs, location of oil and gas fields, vitrinite reflectance and heat flow measurements. Our model results indicate that there are two south to north pathways for fluid migration. The primary pathway for fluid movement is downward through the Fortress Mountain formation, then upwards along the interface between the Fortress Mountain and Torok Formation and finally northward through the permeable Nanushuk group. A smaller mass of groundwater moves along sands below the Torok formation and into offshore sediments north of Alaska. Very little meteoric water enters the underlying Palaeozoic rocks in our simulations, which could explain the presence of deep saline pore waters. Our results also show that permafrost is a primary control on the pathway and rate of fluid flow by controlling the distribution of surface recharge and discharge. For example, areas of high heat flow and low saline waters along the arctic coast may represent upward groundwater discharge because of the absence of permafrost. As surface temperatures were warmer in the Miocene, the absence of permafrost would produce a more local fluid circulation pattern and less transfer of heat energy from south to north.
Dynamic modelling of passive margin salt tectonics: effects of water loading, sediment properties and sedimentation patterns
Authors: Gemmer Lykke , Beaumont Christopher , Ings Steven J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe investigate the evolution of passive continental margin sedimentary basins that contain salt through two‐dimensional (2D) analytical failure analysis and plane‐strain finite‐element modelling. We expand an earlier analytical failure analysis of a sedimentary basin/salt system at a passive continental margin to include the effects of submarine water loading and pore fluid pressure. Seaward thinning sediments above a weak salt layer produce a pressure gradient that induces Poiseuille flow in the viscous salt. We determine the circumstances under which failure at the head and toe of the frictional–plastic sediment wedge occurs, resulting in translation of the wedge, landward extension and seaward contraction, accompanied by Couette flow in the underlying salt. The effects of water: (i) increase solid and fluid pressures in the sediments; (ii) reduce the head to toe differential pressure in the salt and (iii) act as a buttress to oppose failure and translation of the sediment wedge. The magnitude of the translation velocity upon failure is reduced by the effects of water.The subsequent deformation is investigated using a 2D finite‐element model that includes the effects of the submarine setting and hydrostatic pore pressures. The model quantitatively simulates a 2D approximation of the evolution of natural sedimentary basins on continental margins that are formed above salt. Sediment progradation above a viscous salt layer results in formation of landward extensional basins and listric normal growth faults as well as seaward contraction. At a later stage, an allochthonous salt nappe overthrusts the autochthonous limit of the salt. The nature and distribution of major structures depends on the sediment properties and the sedimentation pattern. Strain weakening of sediment favours landward listric growth faults with formation of asymmetric extensional depocentres. Episodes of low sediment influx, with partial infill of depocentres, produce local pressure gradients in the salt that result in diapirism. Diapirs grow passively during sediment aggradation.
Co‐stimulatory pathways in lymphocyte regulation: the immunoglobulin superfamily
Authors: Peggs Karl S. , Allison James P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe controlled orchestration of immune responses is a vital feature of cellular immunity in a system that must be able to reliably distinguish self from non‐self. Contrary to early beliefs, peptide recognition by T cells exhibits a relatively high level of promiscuity. The requirement for a second signalling event to be present in addition to that provided by T cell receptor ligation for T cell activation to proceed helps to prevent inappropriately directed responses. An expanding array of co‐stimulatory or inhibitory signalling receptors and ligands are now recognised to be involved in the control of the crucial decisions made determining the activation, expansion, and effector functions of responding cells, and ultimately the final targeting and execution of these functions. Tight regulation of the temporal and spatial organisation of receptor/ligand expression, combined with both forward and reverse signalling, endows an extraordinary elegance to these co‐stimulatory pathways. The immunoglobulin superfamily occupies a central importance in this coordination of immune responses. The understanding of its relevance in a variety of physio‐pathological circumstances is now yielding a number of potential targets for therapeutic manipulation, and such immunological molecular adjuvants are beginning to enter clinical trials.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of adults with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Breems Dimitri A. , Löwenberg Bob 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMost adult patients under 60 years with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who achieve a complete remission after induction chemotherapy will relapse if they do not receive further therapy. Consolidation treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) is one option that has been studied extensively. High‐dose cytotoxic therapy followed by autologous SCT or intensive cycles of chemotherapy furnish overall approximately similar probabilities of survival when applied in first remission. Here, we present a concise update regarding the place of autologous SCT in the treatment of AML. Particular issues discussed are the value of autologous SCT in different prognostic subsets of AML and the value of autologous mobilised peripheral blood stem cell transplants, which offer a much faster haematopoietic recovery.
Sir John Dacie MD, FRS, FRCP, FRCPath
Authors: Lewis Mitchell 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProf. Sir John Dacie was one of the most distinguished haematologists of the 20th century. He died on 12 February 2005 at the age of 92. This annotation is intended to give an impression of his career, and his role in the development of haematology in the UK and beyond. It describes his approach to haematological practise, taking account of both clinical and laboratory aspects, and reviews his published works over a range of haematological topics.
Selective apoptosis of natural killer‐cell tumours by l‐asparaginase
Authors: Ando Miki , Sugimoto Koichi , Kitoh Toshiyuki , Sasaki Makoto , Mukai Kouichi , Ando Jun , Egashira Motoki , Schuster Sheldon M. , Oshimi Kazuo 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe examined the effectiveness of various anti‐tumour agents to natural killer (NK)‐cell tumour cell lines and samples, which are generally resistant to chemotherapy, using flow cytometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end‐labelling (TUNEL) assay. Although NK‐YS and NK‐92 were highly resistant to various anti‐tumour agents, l‐asparaginase induced apoptosis in these two NK‐cell lines. NK‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) samples were selectively sensitive to l‐asparaginase and to doxorubicin (DXR) respectively. Samples of chronic NK lymphocytosis, an NK‐cell disorder with an indolent clinical course, were resistant to both drugs. Our study clearly separated two major categories of NK‐cell disorders and ALL according to the sensitivity to DXR and l‐asparaginase. We examined asparagine synthetase levels by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR) and immunostaining in these samples. At least in nasal‐type NK‐cell lymphoma, there was a good correlation among asparagine synthetase expression, in vitro sensitivity and clinical response to l‐asparaginase. In aggressive NK‐cell leukaemia, although asparagine synthetase expression was high at both mRNA and protein levels, l‐asparaginase induced considerable apoptosis. Furthermore, samples of each disease entity occupied a distinct area in two‐dimensional plotting with asparagine synthetase mRNA level (RQ‐PCR) and in vitrol‐asparaginase sensitivity (TUNEL assay). We confirmed rather specific anti‐tumour activity of l‐asparaginase against NK‐cell tumours in vitro, which provides an experimental background to the clinical use of l‐asparaginase for NK‐cell tumours.
Accelerated lymphangiogenesis in malignant lymphoma: possible role of VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C
Authors: Kadowaki Ikuko , Ichinohasama Ryo , Harigae Hideo , Ishizawa Kenichi , Okitsu Yoko , Kameoka Junichi , Sasaki Takeshi 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThere is little information regarding the lymphangiogenesis of malignant lymphoma. In this study, we evaluated the lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in 44 lymph nodes of 39 malignant lymphomas and five non‐reactive normal lymph nodes, based on the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvessel density (MVD) calculated by the computer‐assisted assessment of vessel density. The LVD of malignant lymphomas was significantly higher than that of non‐reactive normal lymph nodes, irrespective of subtypes (P = 0·00077). On the contrary, there was no difference in MVD between malignant lymphomas and non‐reactive normal lymph nodes, except for diffuse large B cell lymphomas, which had a significantly low value of MVD, in comparison with non‐reactive normal lymph nodes (P = 0·009). We further examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C and VEGF‐A, which function on lymphangiogenesis in lymph node samples. VEGF‐C was expressed in 36 of 39 malignant lymphomas. All 39 of the malignant lymphoma samples expressed VEGF‐A. Furthermore, the level of LVD and VEGF‐A or VEGF‐C was positively correlated. These findings suggest that lymphangiogenesis is actively developed in lymph nodes of malignant lymphomas and it may be induced by both VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C secreted from lymphoma cells.