bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A nationwide population‐based study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsai Hou‐Ren , Lin Yu‐Jie , Yeh Jih‐I , Huang Yu‐Chi , Liu Peter Pin‐Sung , Peng Carol Chiung‐Hui , Hsu Jin‐Yi , Lee Yuan‐Chieh , Loh Ching‐Hui , Lin Shu‐Man , Huang Huei‐Kai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) have off‐target effects on haemoconcentration and anti‐inflammation. The impact of SGLT‐2i on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of newly diagnosed VTE in patients with DM using SGLT‐2i in comparison to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i) or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA).Materials and MethodsIn this nationwide retrospective cohort study, we used data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with diabetes aged 20 years or older who received SGLT‐2i, DPP‐4i, or GLP‐1RA between 1 May 2016, and 31 December 2020, were included. The risks of VTE in SGLT‐2i users were compared with those of DPP‐4i and GLP‐1RA users. A Cox regression model with stabilised inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) for VTE risk. Additionally, a meta‐analysis of relevant articles published before 23 May 2023, was conducted.ResultsData from 136,530 SGLT‐2i, 598,280 DPP‐4i, and 5760 GLP‐1RA users were analysed. SGLT‐2i use was associated with a lower risk of VTE than DPP‐4i (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59–0.84; p < 0·001), but not with GLP‐1RA (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.32–5.94; p = 0.66). Our meta‐analysis further supported these findings (SGLT‐2i vs. DPP‐4i: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62–0.82; p < 0·001; SGLT‐2i vs. GLP‐1RA: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73–1.15; p = 0.43), suggesting the robustness of our retrospective analysis.ConclusionsIn patients with DM, SGLT‐2i was associated with a lower risk of VTE compared to DPP‐4i, but not GLP‐1RA.
Latitudinal and meridional patterns of picophytoplankton variability are contrastingly associated with Ekman pumping and the warm pool in the tropical western Pacific
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Feng , He Xuebao , Wang Weibo , Chang Lin , Kang Jianhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMarine picophytoplankton plays a major role in marine cycling and energy conversion, and its effects on the carbon cycle and global climate change have been well documented. In this study, we investigated the response of picophytoplankton across a broad range of physicochemical conditions in two distinct regions of the tropical western Pacific. Our analysis considered the abundance, carbon biomass, size fraction, distribution, and regulatory factors of the picophytoplankton community, which included the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, and small eukaryotic phytoplankton (picoeukaryotes). The first region was a latitudinal transect along the equator (142–163° E, 0° N), characterized by stratified oligotrophic conditions. The second region was a meridional transect (143° E, 0–22° N) known for its high‐nutrient and low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) conditions. Results showed that picophytoplankton contributed >80% of the chlorophyll a (Chl a), and was mainly distributed above 100 m. Prochlorococcus was the dominant organism in terms of cell abundance and estimated carbon biomass in both latitudinal and meridional transects, followed by Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes. In the warm pool, Prochlorococcus was primarily distributed below the isothermal layer, with the maximum subsurface abundance forming below it. The maximum Synechococcus abundance was restricted to the west‐warm pool, due to the high temperature, and the second‐highest Synechococcus abundance was associated with frontal interaction between the east‐warm pool and the westward advance of Middle East Pacific water. In contrast, picoeukaryotes formed a maximum subsurface abundance corresponding to the subsurface Chl a maximum. In the mixed HNLC waters, the cell abundance and biomass of the three picophytoplankton groups were slightly lower than those in the warm pool. Due to a cyclonic eddy, the contours of the maximum subsurface Prochlorococcus abundance were uplifted, evidently with a lower value than the surrounding water. Synechococcus abundance varied greatly in patches, forming a weakly high subsurface peak when the isothermal layer rose to the near‐surface (<50 m). The subsurface maximum picoeukaryote abundance was also highly consistent with that of the subsurface Chl a maximum. Correlation analysis and generalized additive models of environmental factors showed that nutrient availability had a two‐faceted role in regulating the spatial patterns of picophytoplankton in diverse latitudinal and meridional environments. We concluded through regression that temperature and light irradiance were the key determinants of picophytoplankton variability in the tropical western Pacific. This study provides insights into the changing picophytoplankton community structure with potential future changing hydroclimatic force.
Holistic monitoring of freshwater and terrestrial vertebrates by camera trapping and environmental DNA
Authors: Holm Anne Marie Rubæk , Knudsen Steen Wilhelm , Månsson Malene , Pedersen Ditte Elmgreen , Nordfoss Pauli Holm , Johansson Daniel Klingberg , Gramsbergen Marthe , Havmøller Rasmus Worsøe , Sigsgaard Eva Egelyng , Thomsen Philip Francis , Olsen Morten Tange , Møller Peter Rask 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe anthropogenic impact on the world's ecosystems is severe and the need for non‐invasive, cost‐effective tools for monitoring and understanding those impacts are therefore urgent. Here, we combine two such methods in a comprehensive multi‐year study; camera trapping (CT) and analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA), in river marginal zones of a temperate, wetland Nature Park in Denmark. CT was performed from 2015 to 2019 for a total of 8778 camera trap days and yielded 24,376 animal observations. The CT observations covered 87 taxa, of which 78 were identified to species level, and 73 were wild native species. For eDNA metabarcoding, a total of 114 freshwater samples were collected from eight sites in all four seasons from 2017 to 2018. The eDNA results yielded a total detection of 80 taxa, of which 74 were identified to species level, and 65 were wild native species. While the number of taxa detected with the two methods were comparable, the species overlap was only 20%. In combination, CT and eDNA monitoring thus yielded a total of 115 wild species (20 fishes, 4 amphibians, one snake, 23 mammals, and 67 birds), representing half of the species found via conventional surveys over the last ca. 20 years (83% of fishes, 68% of mammals, 67% of amphibians, 41% of birds, and 20% of reptiles). Our study demonstrates that a holistic approach combining two non‐invasive methods, CT, and eDNA metabarcoding, has great potential as a cost‐effective biomonitoring tool for vertebrates.
Isolation of a New Silepin with an Imine Ligand Based on Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene
Authors: Liu Jin Yu , Eisner Teresa , Inoue Shigeyoshi , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo date, there are solely a handful of silacycloheptatriene structures (silepins) based on acyclic silylenes described in the literature. The unique property of such compounds is the interconversion between their silepin and silylene forms, which has raised great interest due to their potential catalytic applications. Herein, we want to report a new silyl substituted silepin with an implemented Cy‐cAAC moiety, presumably enhancing the stability of the respective low‐valent species. In this work, we will demonstrate the synthesis and facile purification of a newly isolated silepin with an imine ligand based on a cyclic alkyl amino carbene as well as its typical silylene‐like behavior towards small molecules.
Gracilaria edulis seaweed derived nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur self‐doped biocarbon materials for supercapacitor applications: An investigation on the impact of acid washing and activation
Authors: Priyadharshini Dhileepan , Vivekanandhan Singaravelu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeaweed biomass of Gracilaria edulis was effectively converted into biocarbon materials at 800°C for 1 hour under nitrogen gas flow atmosphere. The effect of HCl acid washing and ZnCl2‐assisted chemical activation process on the physicochemical and capacitive performances was investigated and the obtained results were compared with their pristine counterpart. The formation of N, O, and S self‐doped biocarbon materials from G. edulis biomass was confirmed by carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses. Further, the specific surface area of acid‐washed and activated biocarbon materials were respectively found to be 1100 and 774 m2 g−1, which are much greater than their pristine counterpart (111 m2 g−1). The obtained pristine (GE‐PC), acid‐washed (GE‐AWC), and activated (GE‐AC) biocarbon materials were effectively explored as the electrode material for symmetric supercapacitor and showed the specific capacitance value of 33.9 (GE‐PC), 58.3 (GE‐AWC) and 76.5 (GE‐AC) F g−1 at 1 A g−1 using 1 M KOH electrolyte.
Personality Affects Zebrafish Response to Sertraline
Authors: Al Shuraiqi Asma , Abed Raeid M. M. , Al-Habsi Aziz , Barry Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sertraline is widely prescribed to treat anxiety and depression. Sertraline acts by blocking serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters systems and has been detected in surface waters globally, where it may impact fish behavior. We classified zebrafish personality on three behavioral axes, boldness, anxiety, and sociability, assigning fish as either high or low in each category. The fish were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 5, 50, 500, or 5000 ng/L sertraline (measured concentrations: &lt;10, 21.3, 370, and 2200 ng/L, respectively) to assess changes in boldness, anxiety, and sociability after 7 and 28 days. We also measured shoaling behavior and response to an alarm cue, and determined the gut microbiome of a subset of fish. After 7 days there was no overall effect of sertraline on boldness, but there was an interaction between initial personality and sex, with a stronger impact on females classified as low-boldness personality. Sertraline reduced sociability in all treatments compared with the control, but there was again an interaction between sertraline and initial personality. Fish that were classified as low-sociability responded more strongly to sertraline. After 7 days, fish exposed to a nominal concentration of 5000 ng/L (2200 ng/L measured) showed higher anxiety than controls, with the overall pattern of initial behavior retained. After 28 days, similar patterns were observed, but with higher variation. There was only a weak association between the gut microbiome and personality. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering initial behavior, which can affect response to pollutants. Our results may also be applicable to human studies and provide a mechanism to explain why different individuals respond differently to the drug. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:132–146. © 2023 SETAC.
Remyelinating effect driven by transferrin‐loaded extracellular vesicles
Authors: Mattera Vanesa , Occhiuzzi Federico , Correale Jorge , Pasquini Juana M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in diverse cellular functions, playing a significant role in cell‐to‐cell communication in both physiological conditions and pathological scenarios. Therefore, EVs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating glial cells developed from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and damaged in chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Glycoprotein transferrin (Tf) plays a critical role in iron homeostasis and has pro‐differentiating effects on OLs in vivo and in vitro. In the current work, we evaluated the use of EVs as transporters of Tf to the central nervous system (CNS) through the intranasal (IN) route. For the in vitro mechanistic studies, we used rat plasma EVs. Our results show that EVTf enter OPCs through clathrin‐caveolae and cholesterol‐rich lipid raft endocytic pathways, releasing the cargo and exerting a pro‐maturation effect on OPCs. These effects were also observed in vivo using the animal model of demyelination induced by cuprizone (CPZ). In this model, IN administered Tf‐loaded EVs isolated from mouse plasma reached the brain parenchyma, internalizing into OPCs, promoting their differentiation, and accelerating remyelination. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs protected the Tf cargo and significantly reduced the amount of Tf required to induce remyelination as compared to soluble Tf. Collectively, these findings unveil EVs as functional nanocarriers of Tf to induce remyelination.
Combining Landsat TIR‐imagery data and ERA5 reanalysis information with different calibration strategies to improve simulations of streamflow and river temperature in the Canadian Subarctic
Authors: Rincón Eisinhower , St‐hilaire André , Bergeron Normand E. , Dugdale Stephen J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArctic and Subarctic environments are among the most vulnerable regions to climate change. Increases in liquid precipitation and changes in snowmelt onset are cited as the main drivers of change in streamflow and water temperature patterns in some of the largest rivers of the Canadian Arctic. However, in spite of this evidence, there is still a lack of research on water temperature, particularly in the eastern Canadian Arctic. In this paper, we use the CEQUEAU hydrological‐water temperature model to derive consistent long‐term daily flow and stream temperature time series in Aux Mélèzes River, a non‐regulated basin (41 297 km2) in the eastern Canadian subarctic. The model was forced using reanalysis data from the fifth‐generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses (ERA5) from 1979 to 2020. We used water temperature derived from thermal infrared (TIR) images as reference data to calibrate CEQUEAU's water temperature model, with calibration performed using single‐site, multi‐site, and upscaling factors approaches. Our results indicate that the CEQUEAU model can simulate streamflow patterns in the river and shows excellent spatiotemporal performance with Kling‐Gupta Efficiency (KGE) metric >0.8. Using the best‐performing flow simulation as one of the inputs allowed us to produce synthetic daily water temperature time series throughout the basin, with the multi‐site calibration approach being the most accurate with root mean square errors (RMSE) <2.0°C. The validation of the water temperature simulations with a three‐year in situ data logger dataset yielded an RMSE = 1.38°C for the summer temperatures, highlighting the robustness of the calibrated parameters and the chosen calibration strategy. This research demonstrates the reliability of TIR imagery and ERA5 as sources of model calibration data in data‐sparse environments and underlines the CEQUEAU model as an assessment tool, opening the door to its use to assess climate change impact on the arctic regions of Canada.
Predictions of photophysical properties of phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes based on ensemble machine learning approach
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yam ChiYung , Chen Shuguang , Hu LiHong , Li Liping , Hung Faan‐Fung , Fan Jiaqi , Che Chi‐Ming , Chen GuanHua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCyclometalated Pt(II) complexes are popular phosphorescent emitters with color‐tunable emissions. To render their practical applications as organic light‐emitting diodes emitters, it is required to develop Pt(II) complexes with high radiative decay rate constant and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. Here, a general protocol is developed for accurate predictions of emission wavelength, radiative decay rate constant, and PL quantum yield based on the combination of first‐principles quantum mechanical method, machine learning, and experimental calibration. A new dataset concerning phosphorescent Pt(II) emitters is constructed, with more than 200 samples collected from the literature. Features containing pertinent electronic properties of the complexes are chosen and ensemble learning models combined with stacking‐based approaches exhibit the best performance, where the values of squared correlation coefficients are 0.96, 0.81, and 0.67 for the predictions of emission wavelength, PL quantum yield and radiative decay rate constant, respectively. The accuracy of the protocol is further confirmed using 24 recently reported Pt(II) complexes, which demonstrates its reliability for a broad palette of Pt(II) emitters.
Dentists of tomorrow 2023: An analysis of the results of the ADEA 2023 survey of U.S. Dental School Seniors
Authors: Istrate Emilia C. , Cooper Betsy L. , Singh Pradeep , Gül Gülsün , West Karen P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThis study examines the journey of U.S. dental schools’ predoctoral senior class of 2023, from the influences on and their motivations to pursue careers in dentistry, the aspects of their dental school experiences, plans upon graduation, and the investment in their careers.MethodsThis study is an analysis of the results of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) survey of Dental School Seniors, 2023 Graduating Class. Forty‐eight percent of senior students from 65 accredited U.S. dental schools in the 2022–2023 academic year responded to the ADEA survey. Whenever feasible, the class of 2023 survey respondents’ answers were compared with those of their 2018 counterparts and with the responses of 2023 predoctoral senior students of historically underrepresented race and ethnicity (HURE) groups.ResultsThe analysis revealed that 47% of the 2023 respondents decided to become a dentist before going to undergraduate college, more than the proportion of their 2018 colleagues (44%). When it comes to preparedness to practice dentistry, the responses indicated a high level of readiness to go into the profession. Ninety percent of respondents agreed and strongly agreed with the preparedness to practice statements indicated in the 2023 ADEA survey. Between 2018 and 2023, the share of survey respondents who planned to join a private practice immediately after graduation increased from 48% to 53%. More than one‐third (34%) of the 2023 respondents and 40% of HURE participants who planned to go into private practice immediately upon graduation intended to join a dental service organization (DSO). When accounting for inflation, the average education debt for students graduating with debt who responded to ADEA 2023 survey was 12% lower than what the 2018 respondents reported.ConclusionsThis study finds that some preferences changed between the 2018 and 2023 cohorts, the latter being more likely to decide to go to dental school before college and join a DSO private practice upon graduation. Senior students responding to the ADEA 2023 survey stated a high level of preparedness to practice dentistry.
Human papillomaviruses: Knowns, mysteries, and unchartered territories
Authors: Gelbard Maya K. , Munger Karl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere has been an explosion in the number of papillomaviruses that have been identified and fully sequenced. Yet only a minute fraction of these has been studied in any detail. Most of our molecular research efforts have focused on the E6 and E7 proteins of “high‐risk,” cancer‐associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Interactions of the high‐risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins with their respective cellular targets, the p53 and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressors, have been investigated in minute detail. Some have thus questioned if research on papillomaviruses remains an exciting and worthwhile area of investigation. However, fundamentally new insights on the biological activities and cellular targets of the high‐risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins have been discovered and previously unstudied HPVs have been newly associated with human diseases. HPV infections continue to be an important cause of human morbidity and mortality and since there are no antivirals to combat HPV infections, research on HPVs should remain attractive to new investigators and biomedical funding agencies, alike.
A SNAr‐Active External Initiator that Enables Heterobifunctional Clickable Polythiophenes
Authors: Lotocki Victor , Grignon Eloi , Mills Harrison A. , Ye Shuyang , Lough Alan J. , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a well‐studied conjugated polymer; however, the end‐group functionalization of these polymers is limited by fundamental synthetic challenges. Generally, end‐capping agents are used to terminate the Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation (KCTP) to install functional end‐groups at the propagating chain end. In this work, it is shown that P3HT can be prepared with a novel SNAr‐active external initiator, followed by end capping to afford heterobifunctional end‐groups that exhibit orthogonal chemical reactivity. This orthogonal chemistry can be leveraged in sequential “click”‐type reactions to ultimately achieve the synthesis of triblock copolymers. More specifically, it is shown that the synthesis of a new pentafluorophenyl initiator allows one to append this readily functionalized group at the initiating end during P3HT synthesis. After reaching the desired degree of polymerization, an ethynyl group is incorporated at the polymer terminus using an end‐capping Grignard reagent. Critically, this heterobifunctional P3HT allows for both orthogonal para‐fluoro thiol reactions, a subset of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), and copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloadditions (CuAAC). The efficacy of this heterobifunctional polymer design is demonstrated by assessing sequential “click” reactions with different nonconjugated polymer blocks to either end of the P3HT polymer block.
Aging Mechanism and Lifetime Prediction of Glass Fiber Reinforced Liquid Crystal Polymer Composite under Thermal and Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Liu Peijiang , Li Yinle , Xu Huanxiang , Tian Wanchun , Zhao Zhenbo , Liu Yao , Zhao Hao , Sun Zhaoning , Wu Jianyu , Xu Liguo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDevelopment of fifth‐generation technology leads to a growing demand for materials with exceptional thermal property, mechanical strength, and low dielectric loss. However, ensuring the broad application of such materials by comprehensively investigating their aging mechanisms and service lifetimes remains a challenge. In this work, we have developed a glass fiber (GF) reinforced liquid crystal polymer composite (GF/LCP) and conducted a thorough exploration of its aging mechanism, behavior, and service lifetime under thermal and oxidative conditions. On the basis of the general Arrhenius model, the composite maintains a high level of functionality for a remarkable 18 years at 150 °C and 1.5 years at 200 °C. Despite the extremely high thermal resistance of GF/LCP composite, the LCP matrix exhibits localized brittle fracture, and the main chains still undergo gradual degradation to generate phenolic groups, which ultimately leads to severe pulverization and mass loss. However, a high degree of connection maintenance between GF and LCP components is still reserved. This work provides a valuable reference for the reliable application of 5G materials under thermal and oxidative conditions.