bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence spectroscopy of epithelial tissue throughout the dysplasia‐carcinoma sequence in an animal model: Spectroscopic changes precede morphologic changes
Authors: Coghlan Lezlee , Utzinger Urs , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca , Brookner Carrie , Zuluaga Andres , Gimenez‐Conti Irma , Follen Michele 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis model, using chronic treatments of dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) was used as a model system to investigate changes in epithelial tissue autofluorescence throughout the dysplasia‐carcinoma sequence.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFluorescence emission spectra were measured weekly from 42 DMBA‐treated animals and 20 control animals at 337, 380, and 460 nm excitation. A subset of data in which histopathology was available was used to develop diagnostic algorithms to separate neoplastic and non‐neoplastic tissue. The change in fluorescence intensity over time was examined in all samples at excitation‐emission wavelength pairs identified as diagnostically useful.ResultsAlgorithms based on autofluorescence can separate neoplastic and non‐neoplastic tissue with 95% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Greatest contributions to diagnostic algorithms are obtained at 380 nm excitation, and 430, 470, and 600 nm emission. Changes in fluorescence intensity are apparent as early as 3 weeks after initial treatment with DMBA, whereas morphologic changes associated with dysplasia occur on average at 7.5–12.5 weeks after initial treatment.ConclusionsFluorescence spectroscopy provides a potential tool to identify biochemical changes associated with dysplasia and hyperplasia, which precede morphologic changes observed in histologically stained sections. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:1–10, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Near‐infrared photo‐excited emission from tissues treated at different temperature levels
Authors: Tang Jing , Zhang Gang , Zeng Fanan , Ho Ping Pei , Alfano R. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere is a lack of methods to evaluate the extent of thermal treatment of biological tissue. The intensity of the near‐infrared (NIR) emission photo‐excitation was investigated from tissue undergoing different levels of heat treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsChicken muscle was heated in an oven at different temperature levels ranging from 40°C until burn‐off. The spectral emission intensity from these heat‐treated tissues was measured with a CCD camera and the intensity was calculated.ResultsThe emission intensity increased proportionally with respect to the extent of treatment temperature until burning. Linear relationships between treatment temperature and the emission intensity from tissue samples were found in three temperature ranges: from 40 to 160°C, from 165 to 220°C, and from 225 to 250°C.ConclusionsThe change in tissue damage after heat treatment could be detected by measuring the NIR emission intensity from the thermally damaged tissues. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:18–22, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using UV‐excited fluorescence and diffuse‐reflectance tissue spectroscopy
Authors: Nordstrom Robert J. , Burke Louis , Niloff Jonathan M. , Myrtle James F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objective:The diagnostic potentials of ultraviolet‐excitation fluorescence spectroscopy and diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy of tissue are assessed in a study to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in vivo. A multivariate algorithm is used to classify tissue into normal tissues, CIN I, and CIN II/III categories, based on spectral characteristics of biopsied tissue sites.Study Design/Materials and Methods:An optical instrument with the capability of measuring fluorescence and diffuse‐reflectance spectra from 120 locations uniformly distributed over the surface of the cervix is described. Using this device, these optical spectra of the cervix were measured on women referred for colposcopy due to an abnormal Pap smear.Results:UV fluorescence differentiates CIN II/III lesions from normal squamous tissue with a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 93%, respectively. CIN I is distinguished from normal tissue with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 87%.Conclusion:Optical spectroscopy shows promise for the detection of pre‐cancerous cervical lesions in vivo. The fluorescence and reflectance methods are complementary in their ability to differentiate different tissue types, making the use of the two techniques together more diagnostic than the use of either method separately. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:118–127, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of the mapping of a 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate promotion susceptibility locus, Psl1, to distal mouse chromosome 9
Authors: Angel Joe M. , Caballero Manuel , DiGiovanni John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSusceptibility to two‐stage skin carcinogenesis in the mouse is affected by several genes. In addition, studies suggest that genes that modify the response of mice to skin tumor promotion by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) also may influence histologic changes in the skin as the result of TPA treatment. One TPA susceptibility locus, Psl1, previously was mapped to distal chromosome 9. The mapping of this locus was confirmed by marker‐based genotypic selection. Furthermore, Psl1 or a gene closely linked to Psl1 influenced epidermal hyperplasia and epidermal labeling index of mice treated with TPA. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome 3p tumor‐suppressor gene alterations in cervical carcinomas
Authors: Herzog Christopher R. , Crist Keith A. , Sabourin Carol L. K. , Kelloff Gary J. , Boone Charles W. , Stoner Gary D. , You Ming 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3p is a common event in cervical cancer and typically occurs in a dispersed pattern involving several loci. This implies that more than one resident tumor‐suppressor gene is involved in the genesis of these tumors; however, specific targets remain to be identified. The region of 3p14.2‐pter encompasses a region of frequent loss and contains at least three tumor‐suppressor genes: fragile histidine triad (FHIT), transforming growth factor‐β receptor II (TβR‐II), and Von Hippel–Lindau. To identify those loci within 3p14.2‐pter that are important in cervical cancer, invasive tumors were first subjected to high‐density LOH analysis. With 25 microsatellite markers, LOH was detected in seven of 15 cervical carcinomas (47%). Losses always included markers mapping to 3p22, and markers at this location were exclusively lost in two tumors, implicating this as a site of a cervical tumor‐suppressor gene. Because it is a known tumor‐suppressor gene located at 3p22 and thus a potential target for inactivation in these tumors, the TβR‐II gene was subsequently screened for mutation and altered expression levels. Whereas no tumor‐derived mutations were detected in any of the tumors, six of ten tumors showed TβR‐II transcript levels reduced by ≥ 50% when compared with normal cervical epithelium. Nine of 15 (60%) tumors exhibited LOH at 3p22 or reduced expression of TβR‐II, suggesting that reduced TβR‐II levels contribute to cervical tumorigenesis. Two cases exhibited silent germline polymorphisms of TβR‐II: one corresponding to a C1167T transversion and the other to an A1266G transition. The FHIT gene, which is located at 3p14.2, also frequently incurred LOH and abnormal transcription in these tumors. LOH of FHIT was observed in five of the 15 tumors analyzed. Neither mutations nor homozygous deletions of FHIT were detected in the tumors. However, aberrantly short transcripts of the FHIT gene were evident in six of nine (67%) tumors. Only one of these also displayed LOH, indicating that this gene was altered in at least 10 of 15 (67%) tumors. These results provide evidence that the inactivation of two known tumor‐suppressor genes, TβR‐II and FHIT, on chromosome 3p is involved in cervical carcinogenesis. Mol. Carcinog. 30:159–168, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence and effects of Ha‐ras codon 12 G→A transition mutations in preneoplastic lesions induced by N‐nitrosomethylbenzylamine in the rat esophagus
Authors: Liston Beth W. , Gupta Ashok , Nines Ronald , Carlton Peter S. , Kresty Laura A. , Harris Gabriel K. , Stoner Gary D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractN‐nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)–induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis is an important model for squamous cell carcinoma of the human esophagus. In this model, previous studies have shown that the GGA→GAA Ha‐ras codon 12 mutation is present in the majority of papillomas. No other Ha‐ras mutation has been identified. Studies using other models of chemical carcinogenesis suggest that Ha‐ras activation has a critical role during tumor initiation. We have used laser‐capture microdissection and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to study the role of codon 12 Ha‐ras mutation at various stages of tumor development in the rat esophagus. Our results indicate that Ha‐ras mutation was present infrequently (4.3%) in premalignant lesions. The incidence of Ha‐ras mutation was high in papillomas (57.1%), however, and 50% of papillomas expressed mutant Ha‐ras RNA message. Additionally, there was a linear trend correlating increased incidence of Ha‐ras mutation with later papilloma stage. These data suggest the role of ras activation later in neoplastic development. To evaluate the potential mechanism of action by which Ha‐ras contributes to promotion and progression in this model, we compared mRNA expression of cyclin D1 and p27 in Ha‐ras mutant and Ha‐ras normal papillomas. We found no differences in mRNA expression of either cyclin D1 or p27 between these two papilloma populations. Our data suggest an important paradigm shift for the role of ras mutations in this model of chemical carcinogenesis, indicating a functional role of Ha‐ras activation in promotion/progression and not in the initiation phase of NMBA‐induced papillomagenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MCDM methods in strategic planning of forestry on state‐owned lands in Finland: applications and experiences
Authors: Kangas Jyrki , Kangas Annika , Leskinen Pekka , Pykäläinen Jouni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe forests in Finland have been under intensive planning for decades. Currently, mathematical programming is widely used in planning of wood production. Today's multi‐functional forestry, however, calls for more flexible decision support methods. MCDM tools have been used in responding to fresh planning challenges. For example, the Finnish Forest and Park Service, entrusted with the care of the vast majority of state‐owned natural resources in Finland, endeavours to produce large‐scale natural resource plans satisfying the needs of both economic, social, and ecological sustainability. Participatory approach is applied in the process.Several forestry applications of MCDM methods, particularly those making use of the AHP or the HIPRE program, have been presented. Also, the outranking methods ELECTRE and PROMETHEE have been tested. Due to the nature of forestry applications, statistical techniques for analysing uncertainties in pairwise comparisons and for utilizing interval judgement data have been developed to improve the usability of the AHP. Recently, a hybrid method called A'WOT, making use of the AHP and SWOT, was also introduced into strategic forest planning.This paper summarizes the experiences gained in applying a MAVT and two outranking methods in connection with a participatory natural resource planning process in Finland. In addition, some results of the method development work related to application needs are briefly presented. The details of the planning cases reviewed here have previously been presented in forestry journals. The purpose of this paper is not only to show how MCDM methods have been applied in forestry, but also to discuss the usability and usefulness of MCDM methods from the viewpoint of supporting forestry decision making—and how they might further be improved. Also, some perspectives for the future development work of MCDM applications in the field of natural resource management are focused on. As a conclusion, the use of more than just one MCDM method in a single planning process is seen usually recommendable. In addition, developing hybrid MCDM methods is regarded as a potential direction for future research. Also, closer co‐operation between method developers and appliers is called for to produce more useful applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships for modeling the performance of rectangular gas chromatographic columns
Authors: Spangler Glenn E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGolay's theory for open tubular GC columns was recently revised for application to rectangular GC columns. The HETP was found to be the same as for open tubular columns provided the average linear velocity,ū, and the resistance‐to‐mass‐transfer‐in‐the‐gas‐phase,CM, are redefined. In this paper, a simplified expression for the average linear velocity is derived and used to fit a variety of exit flow data collected on microfabricated rectangular GC columns. Also the resistance‐to‐mass‐transfer‐in‐the‐gas‐phase is studied and the results compared to earlier relationships derived by Giddings, Chang, Myers, Davis and Caldwell, and by Golay. The three theories agree, with the present theory predicting a slightly higher value forCMfor large retention indices. The slightly higher value forCMis attributed to the geometry for the rectangular column that is better modeled with the present theory than the former theories. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 285–292, 2001
Development for the analysis of reactive oxygen species using capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Yu Eunah , Ban Eunmi , In Mun Kyo , Yoo Young Sook 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as important chemical mediators that regulate signal transduction pathways. Today, the importance of ROS in pathological events has become increasingly apparent. To monitor the ROS in biological systems, various techniques such as cytochrome c peroxidase assay and malonaldialdehyde detection were developed and used clinically. However, these methods are very laborious and time‐consuming. Therefore, in this study, we developed a capillary electrophoresis (CE)‐based ROS monitoring technique using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR‐123). DHR‐123 is a nonfluorescent compound, and can be oxidized irreversibly and rapidly by ROS to rhodamine 123 (Rho‐123), which is a fluorescent dye. Upon detecting the amount of the fluorescence from Rho‐123, we could indirectly quantify the amount of ROS generation in biological systems. Determination of Rho‐123 was performed in an uncoated silica capillary (27 cm×75 μm i.d.) using a CE system with laser‐induced fluorescence detection. Optimum conditions for the Rho‐123 detection were 50 mM borate buffer (pH 10.0), running at 20°C, and 5 s injection. This method allowed the detection of Rho‐123 with a detection limit around 50 pM. We also applied this developed method to the analysis of intracellular ROS level in methamphetamine (MA) treated PC12 cells. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 327–331, 2001
Mobility and ionization constant of basic drugs in methanol. Application of nonaqueous background electrolytes for capillary zone electrophoresis based on a conventional pH scale
Authors: Porras Simo P. , Jyske Pentti , Riekkola Marja‐Liisa , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ionization constants of nine basic drugs (ethylmorphine, thebaine, codeine, levorphanol, dihydrocodeine, cocaine, alprenolol, propranolol and methamphetamine) in methanol were determined from the dependence of their mobilities on the pH* of the background electrolyte (BGE), based on a conventional pH* scale. Mobilities in the BGEs with acetate as counter ion were seemingly too low, an effect that was related to ion pair formation of the cationic analytes with acetate. After numerical correction of this effect the application of the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation enabled the calculation of the pKa* values, which were found to be between 9.3 and 11.2. These pKa* values are only 1 to 2.5 pK units higher than in pure water, which is in marked contrast to the changes observable for neutral acids. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 149–155, 2001
Identification of CS‐derived compounds formed during heat‐dispersion of CS riot control agent*†
Authors: Kluchinsky Timothy A. , Savage Paul B. , Sheely Michael V. , Thomas Richard J. , Smith Philip A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh temperatures are frequently used to disperse 2‐chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) riot control agent. We examined airborne CS degradation products heat‐dispersed together with CS from canisters of a type used by law enforcement personnel for crowd and riot control. Air contaminants derived from CS were trapped using a polytetraflouroethylene filter. Analysis was by open tubular gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Compounds observed in addition to CS included 2‐chlorobenzaldehyde, 2‐chlorobenzonitrile, quinoline, 2‐chlorobenzylcyanide, 1,2‐dicyanobenzene, 3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)propynenitrile,cisandtransisomers of 2‐chlorocinnamonitrile, 2,2‐dicyano‐3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)oxirane, 2‐chlorodihydrocinnamonitrile, benzylidenemalononitrile,cisandtransisomers of 2‐cyanocinnamonitrile, 2‐chlorobenzylmalononitrile, 3‐quinoline carbonitrile, and 3‐isoquinoline carbonitrile. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 186–190, 2001
Rent extraction, principal–agent relationships, and pricing strategies: vendor licensing during the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta
Authors: Allen Ralph C. , Stone Jack H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo‐part pricing, price‐discrimination, rent creation and extraction, principal–agent theory, and public choice perspectives on public bureaucracies are used to interpret a vendor‐license marketing arrangement and controversy arising out of the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, GA. Containing features predicted by principal–agency theory, Atlanta's arrangement with its marketing agent was a response to the behavior of public bureaucracies and a low cost method of converting visitors' consumer surplus to rent, which could be extracted by the marketing agent and then by Atlanta. Atlanta's incentive to enforce vendor property rights was influenced by the nature of the game between Atlanta and prospective vendors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of vascularized nerve graft: Evaluation of nerve regeneration using choline acetyltransferase activity
Authors: Iwai Makoto , Tamai Susumu , Yajima Hiroshi , Kawanishi Kohichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA comparative study of nerve regeneration was performed on vascularized nerve graft (VNG) and free nerve graft (FNG) in Fischer strain rats. A segment of the sciatic nerve with vascular pedicle of the femoral artery and vein was harvested from syngeneic donor rat for the VNG group and the sciatic nerve in the same length without vascular pedicle was harvested for the FNG group. They were transplanted to a nerve defect in the sciatic nerve of syngeneic recipient rats. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after operation, the sciatic nerves were biopsied and processed for evaluation of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity, histological studies, and measurement of wet weight of the muscle innervated by the sciatic nerve. Electrophysiological evaluation of the grafted nerve was also performed before sacrifice. The average CAT activity in the distal to the distal suture site was 383 cpm in VNG and 361 cpm in FNG at 2 weeks; 6,189 cpm in VNG and 2,264 cpm in FNG at 4 weeks; and 11,299 cpm in VNG and 9,424 cpm in FNG at 6 weeks postoperatively. The value of the VNG group was statistically higher than that of the FNG group at 4 weeks postoperatively. Electrophysiological and histological findings also suggested that nerve regeneration in the VNG group was superior to that in the FNG group during the same period. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups after 6 weeks postoperatively in any of the evaluations. The CAT measurement was useful in the experiments, because it was highly sensitive and reproducible. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 24:43–51 2001
Muscle free flaps with full‐thickness skin grafting: Improved contour over traditional musculocutaneous free flaps
Authors: Chang James , Jones Neil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOccasionally, the aesthetic contour of a musculocutaneous flap can be improved by using the skin paddle as a full‐thickness skin graft to cover the free muscle flap. In three patients, traditional musculocutaneous free flap coverage of wounds would have resulted in excess soft tissue bulk. To optimize final contour, the subcutaneous tissue was excised, and the skin replaced as a full‐thickness skin graft. Problems with postoperative flap monitoring and skin graft take were not encountered. This technique offers the microsurgeon a simple method to optimize the aesthetic results of composite free tissue transfer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:70–73 2001
Modified sleeve anastomosis for reconstruction of the hepatic artery in rat liver transplantation
Authors: Li Jun , Dahmen Uta , Dirsch Olaf , Shen Kai , Gu Yanli , Broelsch Christoph Erich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnd‐to‐end sleeve anastomosis between a donor common hepatic artery and a recipient proper hepatic artery was proven to be the most physiological and simple method for hepatic rearterialization in rat liver transplantation. Current technical variants of the sleeve technique, however, are hampered by the high rate of bleeding from the anastomotic site. This report deals with a technical modification which inhibits postoperative bleeding efficiently. The procedure consisted of a guiding suture, as previously described in other technical variants, and a modified fixing suture. Instead of using a single stitch to fix the feeding vessel with the receiving vessel, a running suture between the edge of the donor common hepatic artery and the adventitia of the recipient proper hepatic artery was performed to avoid a possible backflow. The patency rate of 91% was as high as reported by others using a sleeve technique, which was also reflected in the histomorphological picture, being indistinguishable from normal liver histology. This technical modification simplified the procedure of reconstructing the hepatic artery and could contribute to a wider use of the arterialized liver transplantation model in rats. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:62–68 2002
Basic aspects of geopotential field approximation from satellite‐to‐satellite tracking data
Authors: Freeden W. , Michel V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe satellite‐to‐satellite tracking (SST) problems are characterized from mathematical point of view. Uniqueness results are formulated. Moreover, the basic relations are developed between (scalar) approximation of the earth's gravitational potential by ‘scalar basis systems’ and (vectorial) approximation of the gravitational field by ‘vectorial basis systems’. Finally, the mathematical justification is given for approximating the external geopotential field by finite linear combinations of certain gradient fields (for example, gradient fields of multi‐poles) consistent to a given set of SST data. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.