bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature distribution during welding measured by neutron imaging
Authors: Jamro R. , Mente T. , Kardjilov N. , Markötter H. , Al-Falahat Ala’A. M. , Woracek R. , Manke I. , Griesche A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the neutron transmission signal as a function of sample temperature during a welding process. A theoretical description that includes the Debye-Waller factor was used to describe the temperature influence on the neutron cross-sections. Neutron imaging using a monochromatic beam helps to observe transmission variations related to the material temperature. In-situ neutron imaging of welding experiments show the distribution of the temperature in bulk steel samples. The performed finite element modelling of expected temperature distributions shows good agreement with the obtained experimental data.
Bragg edge imaging characterization of multi-material laser powder-bed fusion specimens
Authors: Malamud F , Polatidis E , Busi M , Capek J. , Deillon L , Bambach M , Zehnder P , Losko A , Strobl M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multi-material laser powder-bed fusion (M2LPBF) is a novel additive manufacturing approach that makes it possible to print different materials along the built direction and within a single layer of a component. At the interface between the different materials, the deposited powders melt, mix and solidify very rapidly, than can produce a range of desired and undesired phases, residual stresses and defects. Here we applied Bragg edge imaging to characterize M2LPBF specimens of stainless steel and CuCrZr with vertical and horizontal interfaces. A diffuse interface is observed in the samples with both vertical and horizontal interfaces. The analysis of the (111) and (200) Bragg edges height across the samples demonstrated a clear difference between the crystallographic texture of both alloys, with a strong alignment of the (002) planes along one of the transversal directions in the steel and a random texture within the copper alloy.
Failure characterization by pull-out test on structural inserts in sandwich panels used in the aerospace industry applying neutron imaging
Authors: Soria S.R. , Marín J.H. , Losko A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the present work, the failure of the inserts potted on the structural sandwich panel used in satellites was analysed. Inserts were tested by pull-out test to evaluate the strength of the joint between the potting mass and the sandwich panel. Neutron experiments were performed in NECTAR, the thermal neutron imaging facility at FRM II. Two series of specimens with dimensions of 10x10x2.5 cm3 and 5x5x2.5 cm3 were tested by applying different normal loads to detect singular points in the load-displacement curves. Images were acquired using thermal neutrons and filtering the beam obtaining images formed by gamma rays and epithermal neutrons. The filter was formed by a cadmiun (Cd) layer on the neutron beam. The results determined the usefulness of this characterization technique to analyse the dynamics failure of the insert union by the use of in-situ experiments in future studies.
Visualization of local two-phase flow structure in a packed bed of spheres
Authors: Ito D , Odaira N , Ito K , Saito Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A two-phase flow structure in porous media is essential to clarify the debris cooling characteristics during a severe accident in nuclear power plants. In previous experimental studies, a packed bed of spheres has been used instead of the porous debris bed. Many models to predict the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the packed bed have been proposed based on the experimental data in the sphere-packed bed. However, those models have not considered the local flow structure, which should be studied to enhance the prediction accuracy. In this study, the local flow structure of the air-water two-phase flow in the unit model of the sphere-packed bed was measured by neutron computed tomography. The distribution of the gas phase was reconstructed by acquired images. From these results, the breakup and coalescence of the bubbles in the packed bed were evaluated.
Decrepitation process of a hydride forming material observed by neutron radiography
Authors: Biasetti A , Marín J , Meyer G , Borzone E M , Aversente N , Baruj A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hydride-forming materials (HFM) are widely investigated for hydrogen storage, separation and purification, due to their reversible reaction with hydrogen at moderated pressures. These materials are mainly used in powder form and they show a considerable change in cell volume during the reaction with hydrogen (up to 25% for LaNi5). This change can exert significant mechanical stresses upon the container vessel walls. We have been studying this phenomenon by measuring the mechanical strains generated on the wall of a cylindrical vessel during hydrogen absorption/desorption cycling. The complexity of studying the mechanical effects is due to the granulometry, porosity and flowability of the powder material which are affected by the decrepitation phenomenon that the material suffers along the cycles. Neutron imaging has proven to be a useful technique to visualize the evolution of the powder rearrangement inside the reservoir. We have identified some key aspects for understanding the relationship between the degree of compaction of the powder, the geometrical parameters of the reservoir (slenderness, wall thickness, filling level), the equivalent pressure exerted by the material against the reactor walls, as well as the number of cycles.
Design of a hydrogen storage device for evaluating tensions induced by volumetric expansion during hydrogen absorption
Authors: Marín J , Biasetti A , Meyer G , Borzone E M , Aversente N , Baruj A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hydride-Forming Materials (HFM) allow the storage of hydrogen in solid state. The reaction can be reversed by delivering heat or lowering pressure, releasing gaseous hydrogen. When hydrogen is incorporated into its structure, the HFM experiences a volumetric expansion. In the case of LaNi5, a commonly studied AB5 type material, it can be as high as 25%. This mismatch produces stress within the material, which breaks apart. Successive cycles produce further decrepitation into a fine powder, which reduces heat transfer, and compaction, which affects diffusion of the gas phase and, in extreme cases, may deform or even break the container. For these reasons, in order to make a safe and efficient hydrogen storage system it is of crucial importance to characterize the volumetric expansion and the mechanical stress originated by the HFM. With these objectives, we have designed a device with an adequate geometry for being studied by neutron imaging. This technique allows to observe the interior of a metallic vessel and, at the same time, to distinguish the hydrogen distribution in a HFM through a convenient contrast difference. Furthermore, we have designed and manufactured a mechanical indicator of the volume changes caused by cycling and allows their direct observation.
Weak local upwelling may elevate the risks of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia in shallow waters during the warm season
Authors: Wu Wenfan , Zhai Fangguo , Gu Yanzhen , Liu Cong , Li Peiliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and hypoxia, as common ecological disasters, are typically site-specific and recurrent, causing enduring environmental problems for coastal communities. Although these issues are often attributed to coastal eutrophication, in certain low-nutrient areas, such ecological disasters still frequently occur while the underlying cause is poorly understood. A prime example is the Qinhuangdao coastal waters in North China. This study intends to investigate the controlling factors of such incongruous ecological issues recurring in those low-nutrient areas with a case study of Qinhuangdao, utilizing numerical models and satellite observations. The result indicates that the weak tide-induced upwelling during summer creates favorable conditions (warm water with high transparency) for the occurrence of HABs and hypoxia in this region. It is due to that Qinhuangdao is precisely situated at the current amphidromic point of semi-diurnal tides, characterized by weak tide mixing. Likewise, the same story happens on the northern shelf of the Shandong Peninsula, where ecological problems are also prominent in China. The present study implies that shallow waters with weak local upwelling are susceptible to ecological issues during the warm season. This finding challenges the traditional view that strong-upwelling zones are more vulnerable to ecological disasters due to ample nutrient supply within the euphotic layer. It implies that tidal dynamics can greatly affect the vulnerability of coastal waters to ecological issues, which can be of significance to coastal management. Furthermore, the finding may have broader global applicability, given the ubiquity of tide-induced upwelling in various other coastal regions.
Effects of the morphology and diameter of TiO2 nanofibers as light-scattering layers on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Fajariah Amalia Rohmah , Adiperdana Budi , Faizal Ferry , Aprilia Annisa , Safriani Lusi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, TiO2 nanofibers was synthesized using electrospinning method with varying applied voltage (10 kV–20 kV) to obtain high surface-volume ratio and porous material. As the applied voltage increased, diameter of TiO2 nanofibers decreased and the presence of beads disappeared resulting in homogeneous nanofibers. At applied voltage higher than 16 kV, TiO2 nanofibers have diameter less than 100 nm. TiO2 nanofibers are deposited on top of TiO2 nanoparticles which act as a light-scattering layer. Based on the I–V characteristic, TiO2 nanofibers produced by applied voltage of 18 kV gives the highest efficiency of 2.38% with JSC 6.37 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.74 V and fill factor of 50.54%. Adding the TiO2 nanofibers as light-scattering layer improve and extend the path of light, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Non-Newtonian pulsatile blood flow through the stenosed arteries: comparison between the viscoelastic and elastic arterial wall in response to the alterations
Authors: Jannati Sahel , Shahri Mohammad Nabizadeh , Jafarzadeh Nahid , Firouzi Faramarz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
In this study, we investigate the impact of aortic stenosis on the hemodynamics of pulsatile blood flow within a 3D aortic model. Employing a non-Newtonian Casson model with a hematocrit of 45%, our study introduces a preliminary hypothesis to simulate blood flow dynamics, incorporating both linear elastic and viscoelastic models to define the mechanical characteristics of the artery. Through simulations conducted with Ansys-Cfx (version 15), we utilize a 2-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach, employing a Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation with second-order accuracy. We explore the influence of stenosis severity on variables including velocity profiles, pressure distribution, shear stress, wall displacement, and changes in the OSI parameter. Our investigation encompasses arteries with both elastic and viscoelastic walls. The key findings that arise from our results highlight the viscoelastic model’s demonstration of reduced radial wall displacement when compared to the linear elastic model. Additionally, we observe that elevated arterial stenosis percentages lead to the elongation of vortex length, heightened wall shear stress, and increased slope of velocity profiles downstream of the stenosed region. Furthermore, bulky obstruction of viscoelastic arteries as opposed to elastic, resulted in a maximum 5 percent increase in velocity profile and a 29.6% decrease in radial displacement. The zenith of shear stress occurs concomitantly with the velocity’s peak within the stenosed area. Viscoelastic arterial wall shear stress at the stenosis site escalates due to the rapid expansion of the stenosis. The viscoelastic wall, responding with a blend of viscous and elastic characteristics to applied stress, undergoes slight deformation in shape. Following stress reduction, the wall gradually reverts to its original form, thus alleviating some of the applied stress. In contrast, the elastic wall retains its altered shape due to stress preservation within the material. Additionally, we ascertain an augmentation in radial displacement corresponding with increased artery stenosis.
Exercise in hypoxia: a model from laboratory to on-field studies
Authors: Vignati Carlo , Contini Mauro , Salvioni Elisabetta , Lombardi Carolina , Caravita Sergio , Bilo Grzegorz , Swenson Erik R , Parati Gianfranco , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Clinical outcome and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure (HF) have greatly improved over the last two decades. These results and the availability of modern lifts allow many cardiac patients to spend leisure time at altitude. Heart failure per se does not impede a safe stay at altitude, but exercise at both simulated and real altitudes is associated with a reduction in performance, which is inversely proportional to HF severity. For example, in normal subjects, the reduction in functional capacity is ∼2% every 1000 m altitude increase, whereas it is 4 and 10% in HF patients with normal or slightly diminished exercise capacity and in HF patients with markedly diminished exercise capacity, respectively. Also, the on-field experience with HF patients at altitude confirms safety and shows overall similar data to that reported at simulated altitude. Even ‘optimal’ HF treatment in patients spending time at altitude or at hypoxic conditions is likely different from optimal treatment at sea level, particularly with regard to the selectivity of β-blockers. Furthermore, high altitude, both simulated and on-field, represents a stimulating model of hypoxia in HF patients and healthy subjects. Our data suggest that spending time at altitude (&lt;3500 m) can be safe even for HF patients, provided that subjects are free from comorbidities that may directly interfere with the adaptation to altitude and are stable. However, HF patients experience a reduction of exercise capacity directly proportional to HF severity and altitude. Finally, HF patients should be tested for functional capacity and must undergo a specific ‘hypoxic-tailored treatment’ to avoid pharmacological interference with altitude adaptation mechanisms, particularly with regard to the selectivity of β-blockers.
Effects of detraining on left ventricular mass in endurance-trained individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Massarotto Raffaele J , Campbell Allison J , Kreiter Elizabeth , Claydon Victoria E , Cote Anita T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Detraining refers to a loss of training adaptations resulting from reductions in training stimulus due to illness, injury, or active recovery breaks in a training cycle and is associated with a reduction in left ventricular mass (LVM). The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the influence of detraining on LVM in endurance-trained, healthy individuals.

Methods and results
Using electronic databases (e.g. EMBASE and MEDLINE), a literature search was performed looking for prospective detraining studies in humans. Inclusion criteria were adults, endurance-trained individuals with no known chronic disease, detraining intervention &gt;1 week, and pre- and post-detraining LVM reported. A pooled statistic for random effects was used to assess changes in LVM with detraining. Fifteen investigations (19 analyses) with a total of 196 participants (ages 18–55 years, 15% female) met inclusion criteria, with detraining ranging between 1.4 and 15 weeks. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in LVM with detraining (standardized mean difference = −0.586; 95% confidence interval = −0.817, −0.355; P &lt; 0.001). Independently, length of detraining was not correlated with the change in LVM. However, a meta-regression model revealed length of the detraining, when training status was accounted for, was associated with the reduction of LVM (Q = 15.20, df = 3, P = 0.0017). Highly trained/elite athletes had greater reductions in LVM compared with recreational and newly trained individuals (P &lt; 0.01). Limitations included relatively few female participants and inconsistent reporting of intervention details.

Conclusion
In summary, LVM is reduced following detraining of one week or more. Further research may provide a greater understanding of the effects of sex, age, and type of detraining on changes in LVM in endurance-trained individuals.
Oxidative profile, inflammatory responses and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase enzyme activity in influenza B virus infection
Authors: Bulegon Jovana Simonetti , Weber Andressa de Azambuja Pias , de Souza Manoela Dias , Viero Fernanda Tibolla , Pillat Micheli Mainardi , Gonçalves Thissiane de Lima 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine the activity of the delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) enzyme, oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of cytokines in those infected with influenza B virus (IBV). To evaluate the activity of the δ-ALA-D enzyme, lipid peroxidation was estimated as levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein and non-protein thiol groups, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), vitamin C concentration and cytokine levels in IBV-infected individuals (n  = 50) and a control group (n = 30). δ-ALA-D activity was significantly lower in IBV-infected individuals compared with controls, as well as levels of thiols, vitamin C and FRAP. Lipid peroxidation and cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-y were statistically higher in the IBV group. In conclusion, we found evidence of the generation of oxidants, the depletion of the antioxidant system, decrease in the activity of the δ-ALA-D enzyme and an increase in the synthesis of cytokines, thus contributing to a better understanding of oxidative and inflammatory pathways during IBV infection.
Dada in the Underground: linkeck and West Berlin’s Anti-Authoritarian Newspapers, 1968–69
Authors: Davies Mererid Puw 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article explores the importance of periodicals for the 1960s protest movements in West Germany. It opens with the significance of both mainstream news media and New Left journals. Attention then turns to a different class of periodical, the anti-authoritarian underground newspaper, examined here through one emblematic example, linkeck [leftangle], which was produced in a centre of revolt, West Berlin, in 1968–69. While linkeck had limited circulation and was short-lived, it achieved notoriety and gave rise to a series of successors. To understand linkeck’s impact and meanings, this article comments on its origins in an anti-authoritarian commune and its philosophy on work, politics and relationships; its ephemerality; its influences and interests; its distinctive style and its conflicts with the law. In conclusion, the essay argues that linkeck epitomizes anti-authoritarian themes and form, and that periodicals were the movements’ most characteristic genre. Throughout, the essay also considers key resonances between linkeck and earlier twentieth-century (anti-)artistic avant-gardes, notably Dada.
Dietary supplementation with garcinol during late gestation alleviates disorders of bile acid metabolism and improves the performance of sows and newborn piglets
Authors: Wang Tongxin , Huang Lu , Xia Changhong , Zhou Yan , Yao Weilei , Zhang Liwen , Huang Feiruo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary garcinol supplementation during late gestation on bile acid metabolism and performance of sows. Sixty sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace; second- or third-parity; n = 20) with disorder of bile acid metabolism were randomly divided into three groups: control diet (CON; basal diet), basal diet with 200 mg garcinol (Low Gar), and basal diet with 600 mg garcinol (High Gar) per kg of feed. The body weight (BW); backfat thickness and litter size of the sows; and birth weight, weaning weight, and mortality of piglets were recorded. Sows’ blood was collected for the measurements of hematological parameters and antioxidative and immune indexes, and indicators related to bile acid metabolism, respectively. The colostrum and fecal samples of the sows were also collected for analysis of colostrum composition and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. Garcinol had no effect on the BW and backfat thickness of the sows but significantly decreased the mortality and number of weak litter (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the white blood cell counts, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity in the plasma of the sows were increased more significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with garcinol significantly reduced TBA concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). The content of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the plasma and in colostrum of sows were increased more significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group. In addition, dry matter (DM), Ash, and EE in the colostrum were similar between groups (P &gt; 0.05), whereas the garcinol significantly increased the crude protein (CP) in the colostrum. The apparent total tract nutrient digestibility was similar between treatments. Garcinol treatment induced a gradually decreased (P &gt; 0.05) the expression of genes involved in BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP8B1), BA uptake (NTCP, OATP1A2), BA secretion (BSEP and MRP2), BA detoxification (SULT2A1), and BA efflux into the blood circulation (OSTβ). Collectively, this study indicates that sows fed with garcinol in late gestation showed relieved bile acid metabolism disorder and improved sows performance, antioxidative status, colostrum protein content, showing promise in natural plant extract nutrition for sows with disorder of bile acid metabolism.
Metaphorical Uses of Proper Names and the Continuity Hypothesis
Authors: Hesse Jacob , Genovesi Chris , Corazza Eros 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
According to proponents of the continuity hypothesis, metaphors represent one end of a spectrum of linguistic phenomena, which includes various forms of loosening/broadening, such as category extensions and approximations, as well as hyperbolic interpretations. The continuity hypothesis is used to establish that the inferences derived from the set of linguistic expressions mentioned above result from the same or nearly similar pragmatic processes. In this paper, we want to challenge that particular aspect of the continuity hypothesis. We do so based on considerations and analysis of an understudied linguistic phenomenon that we call the metaphorical uses of proper names (MPNs). We first explain how MPNs represent a unique linguistic class distinguishable from, for example, nicknames. In addition, we offer some remarks on how MPNs can be understood against the background of current debates between referentialists and predicativists about names. Our discussion leads us to conclude that MPNs are categorically different from literal interpretations of proper names. We spell out the consequences that the results of our analysis have for the continuity hypothesis.