bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual entrepreneurial behavior and financial literacy
Authors: Muñoz-Céspedes Ester , Ibar-Alonso Raquel , Cuerdo-Mir Miguel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe technological revolution we have been witnessing over the last 30 years is bringing about important changes in business management, specifically in the conception, development, and management of its financial aspects. How to face these challenges is a particularly critical question for individual entrepreneurs who have to assume a much greater responsibility for decisions than in other corporate environments. In this sense, it is very important to understand the financial capabilities and skills and their limitations of this type of entrepreneurship, which is so important for the renewal and extension of the business community in any developed economy. Based on an extensive official survey of this type of entrepreneurship, this research proposes a logistic regression modeling, in order to find out the level of financial knowledge of this business group. One of the findings of this research is that individual entrepreneurs have a higher level of financial knowledge than salaried workers, with a higher qualification in this respect in the case of individual entrepreneurs with employees. This study analyses the link between individual entrepreneurs or self-employed workers – with or without employees – and financial literacy. In addition, we investigated the relationship between this group with their socio-demographic characteristics, financial product holdings, financial planning, and financial fragility. Different binary logistic regression models with maximum likelihood were estimated using a sample of individual entrepreneurs and self-employed workers from the Survey of Financial Competences database conducted in Spain to achieve this. The results of the study show that individuals who choose to be individual entrepreneurs or self-employed, and in particular those with hired workers, had a higher level of financial literacy than salaried workers. Moreover, it was confirmed that financial literacy complements the explanatory power of the other variables analyzed with respect to sole proprietors without employees, although not to a significant degree. The limitations of this work are due to the use of data from the Financial Skills Survey, so some dichotomous variables offer very generic information. In addition, the database is cross-sectional and we cannot analyze variations between different periods. No research before had applied the relationships between the behavior of individual entrepreneurs, with and without employees, and financial competencies using logistic functions and on the basis of a rigorous and comprehensive formal questionnaire. The conclusions provide a valuable perspective for developing training programs for this type of human capital aimed at raising the financial skills of individual entrepreneurs to improve personal and business management.
A review of bifacial solar photovoltaic applications
Authors: Garrod Aydan , Ghosh Aritra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bifacial photovoltaics (BPVs) are a promising alternative to conventional monofacial photovoltaics given their ability to exploit solar irradiance from both the front and rear sides of the panel, allowing for a higher amount of energy production per unit area. The BPV industry is still emerging, and there is much work to be done until it is a fully mature technology. There are a limited number of reviews of the BPV technology, and the reviews focus on different aspects of BPV. This review comprises an extensive in-depth look at BPV applications throughout all the current major applications, identifying studies conducted for each of the applications, and their outcomes, focusing on optimization for BPV systems under different applications, comparing levelized cost of electricity, integrating the use of BPV with existing systems such as green roofs, information on irradiance and electrical modeling, as well as providing future scope for research to improve the technology and help the industry.
Density of Complex and Quaternionic Polyanalytic Polynomials in Polyanalytic Fock Spaces
Authors: Gal Sorin G. , Sabadini Irene 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper we consider the polyanalytic Fock spaces both in the complex and in the quaternionic case. In this latter case, the polyanalytic functions are considered in the slice regular case, and we shall treat Fock spaces of the first and of the second kind. In all these spaces we prove quantitative results in the approximation by polyanalytic polynomials. The quantitative approximation results are given in terms of higher order$$L^{p}$$Lp-moduli of smoothness.
Association of glycemic variability and time in range with lipid profile in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Salsa-Castelo Mariana , Neves Celestino , Neves João Sérgio , Carvalho Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hyperglycemia is associated with abnormalities of lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to analyze, in patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the association of glycemic control with lipid profile, focusing on glycemic variability and time in range obtained from Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM).

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort in patients with T1D. We analyzed clinical parameters, HbA1c, CGM and lipid profile in two moments 6 to 18 months apart. We evaluated the association of HbA1c and CGM metrics with lipid profile in cross-sectional (n = 242) and longitudinal (n = 90) analyses.

Results
The mean age of the study population was 36.6 ± 12.6 years, 51.7% were male, and the mean diabetes duration was 16.8 ± 10.3 years. In the cross-sectional analysis, higher HbA1c, higher glucose management indicator (GMI), higher time above range and lower time in range were associated with higher triglyceride levels. In the longitudinal analysis, an increase in time below range was associated with a decrease of HDL cholesterol. In both analyses, an increase in the coefficient of variability (CV) was associated with a significant decrease of HDL cholesterol. HbA1c and CGM were not associated with total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol.

Conclusions
We observed a negative association between CV and HDL cholesterol levels and a positive association between hyperglycemia metrics and triglyceride levels. These findings suggest that CGM parameters may be a helpful tool to guide the improvement of both glycemic control and lipid profile in T1D.
Renormalized chemical kinetics and benchmark quantum mechanical rates: activation energies and tunnelling transitivities for the reactions of fluorine atoms with H2 and HD
Authors: Carvalho-Silva Valter H. , Sanches-Neto Flávio O. , Leão Guilherme M. , Cavalli Simonetta , De Fazio Dario , Nucci Maria C. , Aquilanti Vincenzo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExperimental, theoretical and computational chemical kinetics contribute to progress both in molecular and materials sciences and in biochemistry, exploring the gap between elementary processes and complex systems. Stationary state quantum mechanics and statistical thermodynamics provide interpretive tools and instruments for classical molecular dynamics simulations for stable or metastable structures and near-equilibrium situations. Chemical reaction kinetics plays a key role at the mesoscales: time-dependent and evolution problems are typically tackled phenomenologically, and reactions through intermediates and transition states need be investigated and modelled. In this paper, scaling and renormalization procedures are developed beyond the Arrhenius equation and the Transition State Theory, regarding two key observables in reaction kinetics, the rate “constant” as a function of temperature (and its reciprocal, the generalised lifetime), and the apparent activation energy (and its reciprocal, the transitivity function). Coupled first-order equations—dependent on time and on temperature—are formulated in alternative coupling scheme they link experimental results to effective modelling, or vice versa molecular dynamics simulations to predictions. The passage from thermal to tunnelling regimes is uniformly treated and applied to converged quantum mechanical calculations of rate constants available for the prototypical three-atom reactions of fluorine atoms with both H2 and HD: these are exothermic processes dominated by moderate tunnel, needing formal extension to cover the low-temperature regime where aspects of universal behaviour are shown to emerge. The results that have been validated towards experimental information in the 10–350 K temperature range, document the complexity of commonly considered “elementary” chemical reactions: they are relevant for modelling atmospheric and astrophysical environments. Perspectives are indicated of advances towards other types of transitions and to a global generality of processes of interest in applied chemical kinetics in biophysics and in astrochemistry.
Some Results on Estimating a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Measure of Effect Size When There are two Covariates
Authors: Wilcox Rand R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA basic method for characterizing the difference between two independent groups is$$\pi $$π, the probability that a randomly sampled value from the first group is less than a randomly sampled value from the second group. Recently, a method for making inferences about$$\pi $$πwas proposed that deals with a covariate. A goal here is to report simulation results when there are two covariates. Included is a suggestion for picking the covariate points. The method is illustrated with data dealing with depressive symptoms among older adults.
Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm Combined with Spherical Random Shrinkage Mechanism and Its Application
Authors: Guo Wenyan , Hou Zhuolin , Dai Fang , Wang Xiaoxia , Qiang Yufan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the last two decades, stochastic optimization algorithms have proved to be a very promising approach to solving a variety of complex optimization problems. Bald eagle search optimization (BES) as a new stochastic optimization algorithm with fast convergence speed has the ability of prominent optimization and the defect of collapsing in the local best. To avoid BES collapse at local optima, inspired by the fact that the volume of the sphere is the largest when the surface area is certain, an improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm (INMBES) integrating the random shrinkage mechanism of the sphere is proposed. Firstly, the INMBES embeds spherical coordinates to design a more accurate parameter update method to modify the coverage and dispersion of the population. Secondly, the population splits into elite and non-elite groups and the Bernoulli chaos is applied to elite group to tap around potential solutions of the INMBES. The non-elite group is redistributed again and the Nelder-Mead simplex strategy is applied to each group to accelerate the evolution of the worst individual and the convergence process of the INMBES. The results of Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum tests of CEC2017 in 10, 30, 50, and 100 dimensions numerical optimization confirm that the INMBES has superior performance in convergence accuracy and avoiding falling into local optimization compared with other potential improved algorithms but inferior to the champion algorithm and ranking third. The three engineering constraint optimization problems and 26 real world problems and the problem of extracting the best feature subset by encapsulated feature selection method verify that the INMBES’s performance ranks first and has achieved satisfactory accuracy in solving practical problems.
Lagrangian Duality in Convex Conic Programming with Simple Proofs
Authors: Trnovska Maria , Hrdina Jakub 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study Lagrangian duality aspects in convex conic programming over general convex cones. It is known that the duality in convex optimization is linked with specific theorems of alternatives. We formulate and prove the strong alternative theorems to the strict feasibility and analyze the relation between the boundedness of the optimal solution sets and the existence of the relative interior points in the feasible set. We also provide sufficient conditions under which the duality gap is zero and the optimal solution sets are unbounded. As a consequence, we obtain several new sufficient conditions that guarantee the strong duality between primal and dual convex conic programs. Our proofs are based only on fundamental convex analysis and linear algebra results.
Optimizing transitions of care antimicrobial prescribing at a community teaching hospital
Authors: Smith Jordan , Frens Jeremy , Mehta Dhaval , Naik Kushal , Sinclair Emily , Baumeister Tyler 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Antibiotic prescribing at hospital discharge is an important focus for antimicrobial stewardship efforts. This study set out to determine the impact of a pharmacist-led intervention at hospital discharge on appropriate antimicrobial prescribing.

Design:
This was a pre-/post-study evaluating the impact of a pharmacist-led review on antibiotic prescribing at hospital discharge. Pharmacists evaluated antibiotic prescriptions at discharge for appropriate duration, spectrum of activity, frequency, and strength of dose. Each of these criteria needed to be met for an antibiotic regimen to be considered appropriate.

Setting:
Moses Cone Hospital is a 535-bed community teaching hospital in Greensboro, North Carolina.

Patients or Participants:
Patients ≥18 years of age discharged from the hospital with an antibiotic prescription were included. Exclusion criteria included patients discharged against medical advice, discharged to a skilled nursing facility, or prescribed indefinite prophylactic antimicrobial therapy.

Interventions:
A review of patients discharged with antibiotics in 2020 was performed. Patients discharged with antibiotic prescriptions from January 2021 to April 2022 were evaluated prior to discharge by pharmacists. The pharmacist made recommendations to providers based on their evaluations.

Results:
162 retrospective patients were screened, and 136 patients were screened at discharge from the hospital in the prospective cohort. 76/162 (47%) retrospective patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy at discharge, while 92/136 (68%) of prospective patients received appropriate discharge therapy (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
In this study examining the efficacy of stewardship pharmacist intervention at hospital discharge, pharmacist review and recommendations were associated with an increased rate of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing.

Ethics statement:
This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Review Board of the Moses H. Cone Health System. The approval protocol number was 1483117-1 and took effect on September 2nd, 2019. As the research was either retrospective in nature or part of the standard of care recommendations, the project was granted expedited review.
On the Practical Significance of Irrelevant Factors
Authors: Yarandi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractI focus on an overlooked aspect of the challenge of irrelevant influences. The challenge is often framed in terms of whether recognizing the presence of irrelevant factors in the pedigree of a belief provides a defeater. I argue that the epistemic significance of irrelevant factors goes beyond their status as defeaters. I focus on what I call gray cases, where learning about such factors causes epistemic worry without justifying giving up the belief. I argue that in gray cases, the subject finds a commendatory epistemic practical reason to engage in an activity intended to assuage that epistemic worry.
What Does It Mean to Be an American? American Ignorance and Social Imagination of Citizenship
Authors: Fatima Saba 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn its war on terror, the United States tortured and abused individuals in its custody over a decade. This article examines a specific sort of epistemic response by Americans to the use of torture by their government, the sort of response that enables Americans to operate with epistemic ignorance to maintain a favorable construction of their identity as Americans. I lay out the concept of American ignorance as the active production of false and/or incomplete beliefs about what it means to be an American and explore the mechanism through which this ignorance operates in society. The article argues for accountability to create better epistemic environments necessary for any meaningful shift in how Americans perceive themselves qua Americans.
Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hulland Susan C. , Trakman Gina L. , Alcock Rebekah D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNutrition knowledge (NK) impacts food choices and may be improved through educational programmes. Identifying knowledge gaps related to NK among adolescent athletes may guide future nutrition education programmes. This review aimed to systematically review the level of NK in adolescent athletes based on the currently available published literature. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022321765). A literature search was conducted in April 2022 using MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The study design was not restricted, provided that a quantitative NK score was reported for adolescent athletes. Studies were limited to the English language and published between 2010 and April 2022. Studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Appraisal Checklist. Data extracted included demographics, questionnaire name, number of items, validation status and mean total and subsection NK scores. Meta-analyses were inappropriate due to the heterogeneity of NK assessment tools; therefore, results were presented narratively. Thirty-two studies that assessed NK of 4553 adolescent athletes and 574 comparison participants were included. Critical appraisal of studies resulted in neutral rating ‘moderate quality’ for most (n 30) studies. Studies lacked justification for sample size and often used inadequately validated questionnaires. NK scores ranged from poor (33·3 %) to excellent (90·6 %). The level of NK across studies is difficult to determine due to heterogenous questionnaires often lacking appropriate validation. NK should be assessed using tools validated in the relevant population or revalidated tools previously used for other populations.
Latitudinal shift of the associated hosts inSagamiscintilla thalassemicola(Galeommatoidea: Galeommatidae), a rare ectosymbiotic bivalve that lives on the proboscis of echiuran worms
Authors: Goto Ryutaro , Sato Taigi , Nakajima Hiroki , Sugiyama Takahiro , Ishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSagamiscintilla thalassemicola(Bivalvia: Galeommatoidea: Galeommatidae) is a rare ectocommensal bivalve that lives on the proboscis of echiuran worms,Anelassorhynchusspp. (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Thalassematinae: Thalassematini), and has been known only from the temperate zones of Japan. In this study, we foundS. thalassemicolaon the proboscis of the large echiuranOchetostomasp. (Thalassematidae: Thalassematinae: Thalassematini) on intertidal flats of three islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. These are the first records ofS. thalassemicolaon non-Anelassorhynchushosts and also from the subtropical regions. Additionally, we also collectedS. thalassemicolafrom an intertidal flat of Kushimoto, Wakayama, Kii Peninsula, Japan, which is an update of the easternmost record of this species. The genetic differences in the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 genes amongS. thalassemicola, including those withOchetostomasp. from the subtropical region and withAnelassorhynchusspp. from the temperate region, can be considered within the intraspecific variation. These suggest thatS. thalassemicolauses different echiuran hosts in the temperate and subtropical regions, respectively.
Neither hype nor gloom do DNNs justice
Authors: Wichmann Felix A. , Kornblith Simon , Geirhos Robert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neither the hype exemplified in some exaggerated claims about deep neural networks (DNNs), nor the gloom expressed by Bowers et al. do DNNs as models in vision science justice: DNNs rapidly evolve, and today's limitations are often tomorrow's successes. In addition, providing explanations as well as prediction and image-computability are model desiderata; one should not be favoured at the expense of the other.
Advance statements in mental healthcare: time to close the evidence to practice gap
Authors: Lasalvia Antonio , Patuzzo Sara , Braun Esther , Henderson Claire 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article discusses advance statements in mental health care, which allow individuals with mental disorders to express their preferences for treatment during mental health crises. Despite the evidence supporting their effectiveness, their implementation in clinical practice remains limited. This article explores variations among advance statements, such as psychiatric advance directives (PADs), joint crisis plans (JCPs) and self-binding directives (SBDs), highlighting their content, development process and legal status. We outline the benefits of advance statements, including empowerment, early intervention, improved therapeutic relationships and reduced compulsory admissions. We then draw attention to the challenges that may contribute to their lack of implementation, including legal complexities, communication issues, cultural factors, potential inequities, healthcare provider knowledge, changing preferences, resource constraints, crisis responses, data privacy, family involvement, and long-term evaluation. In conclusion, advance statements offer significant benefits but require addressing these critical aspects to ensure ethical and effective use. Bridging the evidence-to-practice gap is essential, with a focus on implementation science. Integrating these tools into routine clinical practice can significantly benefit individuals with severe mental disorders and mental health systems.
Laboratory Acousto‐Mechanical Study Into Moisture‐Induced Reduction of Fracture Stiffness in Granite
Authors: Wu Rui , Selvadurai Paul A. , Li Ying , Leith Kerry , Lei Qinghua , Loew Simon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater infiltration into fractures is ubiquitous in crustal rocks. However, little is known about how such a progressive wetting process affects fracture stiffness and seismic wave propagation, which are highly relevant for characterizing fracture systems in situ. We study the acousto‐mechanical behavior of a free‐standing fractured granite subjected to gradual water infiltration with a downward‐moving wetting front over 12 days. We observe significant differences (i.e., by an order of magnitude) in wave amplitudes across the fractured granite compared to an intact granite, with both cases showing a strong correlation between wave amplitudes and wetting front movement. Effects of water infiltration into the fracture and surrounding matrix on seismic attenuation are captured by a numerical model with parameters constrained by experimental data. Back‐calculated fracture stiffness decreases exponentially with the wetting front migration along the fracture. We propose that moisture‐induced matrix expansion around the fracture increases asperity mismatch, leading to reduced fracture stiffness.