bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Achievable Dose of Protocatechuic Acid, a Metabolite of Flavonoids, Inhibits High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity in Mice
Authors: Xiang Panyin , Du Yushi , Chen Guanyu , Mao Yihui , Li Shuangshuang , Li Qing , Yang Yuting , Li Xueyu , Wang Dongliang 
Published: November 2023

ScopeProtocatechuic acid (PCA), a gut microbiota metabolite of flavonoids, inhibits dietary obesity and increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a critical regulator responsible for adipose thermogenesis; however, these effects are achieved at dietary unachievable (pharmacological) dose. It evaluates whether dietary achievable dose of PCA inhibits adiposity by activating adipose thermogenesis.Methods and ResultsSix‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice are fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) alone (control) or supplemented with 0.003% PCA w/w for 16 weeks. PCA consumption does not affect food intake but appreciably reduces body weight gain, improves insulin sensitivity, and attenuates hepatic steatosis. These effects are associated with no significant changes in the abundance of UCP1 in adipose tissues. Instead, PCA consumption increases the abundance and enzymatic activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (the first rate‐limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation) in the livers, inguinal white, and brown adipose tissues. Surprisingly, PCA at physiologically achievable dose does not affect the abundance and enzymatic activity of carnitine acyltransferase‐1 expression and the capacity of fatty acid oxidation in 3T3‐L1‐derived white or brown adipocytes and human hepatoma HepG2 cells.ConclusionsDietary achievable dose of PCA attenuates HFD‐induced adiposity, which is likely achieved by increasing fatty acid oxidation other than activating adipose thermogenesis.
Modelling dynamic breakage in rock blocks with different elongation and flatness ratios upon impact
Authors: Ye Yang , Li Changdong , Zeng Yawu , Tang Huiming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe two crucial shape factors (elongation ratio and flatness ratio) of brittle particles may influence the dynamic breakage of brittle particles upon impact. Hence, three‐dimensional discrete element method simulations of brittle rock blocks with different shapes upon normal impact were performed. The simulated results indicate that the elongation ratio, that is, ratio of width to length and flatness ratio, that is, ratio of thickness to width can significantly affect the breakage of brittle rock blocks. Three fracture mechanisms, that is, fragmentation, horizontal tensile fracture and vertical tensile fracture, were revealed, which determine the dynamic breakage of rock blocks. The fragmentation results in numerous single‐sphered fragments with velocities even larger than 2 times of the initial velocities. Fragmentation can provide a buffering effect at high impact velocities of larger than 4 m/s. With an increasing elongation ratio or flatness ratio, the phenomenon of fragmentation gradually disappears. The reflection of a compression stress wave results in horizontal tensile fracture. The expansion in the plane perpendicular to the impact velocity results in vertical tensile fracture.
Neuro‐PINN: A hybrid framework for efficient nonlinear projection equation solutions
Authors: Wu Dawen , Lisser Abdel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonlinear projection equations (NPEs) provide a unified framework for solving various constrained nonlinear optimization and engineering problems. This paper presents a deep learning approach for solving NPEs by incorporating neurodynamic optimization and physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs). First, we model the NPE as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using neurodynamic optimization, and the objective becomes solving this ODE system. Second, we use a modified PINN to serve as the solution for the ODE system. Third, the neural network is trained using a dedicated algorithm to optimize both the ODE system and the NPE. Unlike conventional numerical integration methods, the proposed approach predicts the end state without computing all the intermediate states, resulting in a more efficient solution. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated on a collection of classical problems, such as variational inequalities and complementarity problems.
Modified Picard with multigrid method for two‐phase flow problems in rigid porous media
Authors: de Oliveira Michely Laís , Pinto Marcio Augusto Villela , Rodrigo Carmen , Gaspar Francisco José 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTwo‐phase flow problems in porous media can be found in several areas, such as Geomechanics, Hydrogeology, Engineering and Biomedicine, for example. Typically, these processes are mathematically modeled by a highly nonlinear system of coupled partial differential equations. The nonlinearity of the system makes the design and implementation of robust numerical solvers a challenging task. In this work we consider the flow of two immiscible and incompressible fluids within a non‐deformable porous medium. A mixed pressure‐saturation formulation is adopted, allowing the transition from the unsaturated to saturated zones and maintaining numerical mass conservation. A cell‐centered finite volume method and an implicit Euler scheme are considered for the spatial and time discretization of the problem. In this work, we propose a solution method for two‐phase flow problems which is based on the combination of the modified Picard linearization method and a very simple cell‐centered multigrid algorithm that performs efficiently even for heterogeneous random media. This is shown in the numerical experiments, where two test problems are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed solver.
Adaptive material evaluation by stabilized octree and sandwich coarsening in FFT‐based computational micromechanics
Authors: Kabel Matthias , Schneider Matti 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe computational efficiency of FFT‐based computational micromechanics is deeply rooted in the underlying regular, that is, Cartesian, discretization. The bottleneck for most industrial applications is evaluating the typically rather expensive constitutive law on the regular grid. In the work at hand, we exploit coarsening strategies to evaluate the material law with the intention of speeding up the overall computation time while retaining the level of achieved accuracy. Inspired by wavelet‐compression techniques, we form aggregates of voxels where the local strain tensors are close, and compute the stresses on these coarsened elements. If done naively, such a strategy will lead to intrinsic instabilities whose origin is apparent from a mathematical perspective. As a remedy, we introduce a stabilization technique which is inspired by hourglass control well‐known for underintegrated finite elements. We introduce octree as well as sandwich coarsening, discuss the handling of internal variables, report on the efficient implementation of the concepts and demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed technology on simple as well as industrial examples.
A high‐order discontinuous Galerkin approach for physics‐based thermospheric modeling
Authors: Vila‐Pérez Jordi , Nguyen Ngoc Cuong , Peraire Jaume 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe accurate prediction of aerodynamic drag on satellites orbiting in the upper atmosphere is critical to the operational success of modern space technologies, such as satellite‐based communication or navigation systems, which have become increasingly popular in the last few years due to the deployment of constellations of satellites in low‐Earth orbit. As a result, physics‐based models of the ionosphere and thermosphere have emerged as a necessary tool for the prediction of atmospheric outputs under highly variable space weather conditions. This paper proposes a high‐fidelity approach for physics‐based space weather modeling based on the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations using a high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method, combined with a matrix‐free strategy suitable for high‐performance computing on GPU architectures. The approach consists of a thermospheric model that describes a chemically frozen neutral atmosphere in nonhydrostatic equilibrium driven by the external excitation of the Sun. A novel set of variables is considered to treat the low densities present in the upper atmosphere and to accommodate the wide range of scales present in the problem. At the same time, and unlike most existing approaches, radial and angular directions are treated in a nonsegregated approach. The study presents a set of numerical examples that demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation and validate the current approach against observational data along a satellite orbit, including estimates of established empirical and physics‐based models of the ionosphere‐thermosphere system. Finally, a one‐dimensional radial derivation of the physics‐based model is presented and utilized for conducting a parametric study of the main thermal quantities under various solar conditions.
Potential Treatments for Epiglottic Collapse in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: How Modified Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy Help?
Authors: Shih Hua‐Wei , Chen Yu‐Lin , Lin Hung‐Che , Kuo Terry B.J. , Yang Cheryl C.H. , Chiu Feng‐Hsiang , Chang Yi , Jacobowitz Ofer , Lin Chia‐Mo , Hsu Ying‐Shuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), epiglottic collapse (EC) constitutes a major factor in the failure of continuous positive airway pressure therapy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. This study explored treatments that can improve EC in patients with OSA through drug‐induced sleep endoscopy with target‐controlled infusion (TCI‐DISE).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary center.MethodsThis study screened 352 OSA patients who underwent TCI‐DISE between 2016 and 2022. Fifty‐four patients with EC were included in the final analysis. EC severity was assessed multiple times through TCI‐DISE with different interventions.ResultsThe application of these interventions in patients with anteroposterior epiglottic collapse (apEC) led to a significant decrease in apEC severity from total to partial or no obstruction in 60.0% of patients by head rotation, in 53.6% by mouth closure, in 47.4% who received oral appliances (OA), and in 28.0% who received intermittent negative airway pressure (iNAP). With simultaneous head rotation, apEC severity decreased more significantly from total to partial or no obstruction in 77.8% of patients by mouth closure, in 70.3% who received OA, and in 68.0% who received iNAP. Lateral epiglottic collapse (latEC) severity decreased in 53.8% of patients after OA use and in 61.5% of patients with OA use and head rotation.ConclusionThis study identified head rotation with mouth closure as the most effective treatment for apEC through TCI‐DISE. Patients with latEC had higher weight, apnea‐hypopnea index, and body mass index compared with patients with apEC. OA use with head rotation appeared more effective in latEC through TCI‐DISE.
Estimating the United States Patient Population Size Meeting Audiologic Candidacy for Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Yu Kevin , Shen Sarek , Bowditch Steve , Sun Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the size of the United States candidacy pool meeting expanded Center for Medicare Services criteria for cochlear implantation.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsPreimplantation audiometric data from 486 patients seen at a single academic medical center were collected retrospectively and used to generate a predictive model of AzBio score based on audiometric pure tone thresholds. This model was then used to estimate nationally representative cochlear implantation (CI)‐candidacy using pure tone averages included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed.ResultsWe find that the estimated prevalence of CI candidacy in individuals 65 years of age or older is expected to more than double with a change in the CI candidacy criteria from ≤40% to ≤60% (from 1.42%, 95% confidence interval [1.33, 1.63] to 3.73% [2.71, 6.56]) on speech testing. We also found the greatest absolute increase in candidacy in the 80+ age group, increasing from 4.14% [3.72, 5.1] of the population meeting the ≤40% criteria to 12.12% [9.19, 18.35] meeting the ≤60% criteria.ConclusionThe United States population size meeting expanded CMS audiologic criteria for cochlear implantation is estimated to be 2.5 million adults and 2.1 million age 65 or older. Changing the CI candidacy criteria from ≤40% to ≤60% on CI testing has the greatest effect on the eligible patient population in the >65‐year‐old age group. The determination of utilization rates in newly eligible patients will require further study.
Latent heat effects in inductive heating of shape memory alloy fibers
Authors: Descher Stefan , Krooß Philipp , Ewald Felix , Wolf Sebastian , Kuhl Detlef 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotivation of the present work is an inductive heating process, used in manufacturing a new kind of improved ultra‐high performance concrete. In this novel material, fibers made out of shape memory alloys are used to increase the maximum possible fiber volume fraction, or to create an internal state of compressive stress. In contrast to other works, the underlying microstructure transformation from martensite to austenite is highlighted based on thermal analysis. Dynamic scanning calorimetry measurements are adapted as basis for development of a phenomenological phase transformation model. It relates local temperature and temperature rate to the rate of change of the phase indicator, modeling the transformation of martensite to austenite. Latent heat is considered by an enthalpy method, the inductive heating process is considered by a phenomenological model. Study results for a purely thermodynamic process of heating a single fiber embedded in concrete are presented. They show that latent heat effects delay phase transformation and the process of fiber activation is very sensitive to the induced heat. Furthermore, it is discovered that latent heat causes a strongly inhomogeneous state of transformation in radial direction of the fiber, which is of great importance for thermomechanical processes and the interpretation of experimental results.
The outdoor physical environment, inflammation and adult psychological distress in a UK general population sample
Authors: Midouhas Emily , Kokosi Theodora , Mueller Marie A. E. , Flouri Eirini 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Inflammation is one of the suggested pathways linking exposure to neighbourhood air pollution and greenspace to psychological distress. Yet, inflammation has not been tested formally as a mediating factor in an adult human sample.

Using data from 6813 adults participating in Understanding Society, the present study examines longitudinally the joint role of the two neighbourhood‐level exposures in psychological distress and the mediating role of inflammation. Annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and availability of greenspace in participants' neighbourhoods across England and Wales were examined. Psychological distress was measured with the General Health Questionnaire. Inflammation was assessed with C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen.

A structural equation model path analysis showed that, in fully adjusted models, an increase in the amount of greenspace in one's neighbourhood was related to lower psychological distress 4 years later, but inflammation did not mediate this relationship.

Neighbourhood‐level air pollution, specifically nitrogen dioxide, was not associated with psychological distress.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Structural energy storage system using electrospun carbon nanofibers with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lee Dasom , Jung Jaemin , Lee Gyu Hee , Li Meixian , Lee Woo Il , Um Moon‐Kwang , Choi Sung‐Woong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the present study, carbon nanofibers containing multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated and employed as electrodes for structural supercapacitors. Carbon nanofibers were utilized as the electrode material in structural supercapacitors to increase the specific surface area. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers underwent conversion to carbon nanofibers through stabilization and carbonization processes aided by thermal treatment. The specific surface area of the electrospun carbon nanofiber electrodes was further increased approximately 118 times (1946.9 m2/g) using an activation process in comparison with that of non‐activated carbon nanofibers (16.43 m2/g). Multifunctional supercapacitors were fabricated by employing electrospun carbon nanofibers and a vacuum resin infusion technique. The specific capacitance of activated carbon nanofibers (ACNF) and ACNF‐MWCNT exhibited significant improvement (14.87 and 48.25 mF/cm2, respectively) compared to non‐activated carbon nanofibers (CNF‐MWCNT: 1.71 mF/cm2). This improvement was attributed to the reduction in equivalent series resistance and the increase of the surface area of the nanofiber electrodes. Additionally, the carbon nanofiber electrodes contributed to an increased interlaminar fracture toughness of structural supercapacitors, acting akin to “Velcro” between fabric interfaces. This work serves as a “proof of concept” for a straightforward and efficient method to manufacture electrodes for structural supercapacitors based on the electrospinning technique.Highlights
Fabrication of carbon nanofibers containing MWCNTs using electrospinning.
The carbon nanofiber as an electrode for structural supercapacitors.
Simple and effective method.
Dramatically improving specific capacitance of the supercapacitors.
Review on recent progress in epoxy‐based composite materials for Electromagnetic Interference(EMI) shielding applications
Authors: Albert Annie Aureen , Parthasarathy V. , Kumar P. Senthil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe densely packed electronic components in electronic devices emit electromagnetic (EM) radiations, and the interaction of the emitted EM radiations with external EM signals of neighboring components leads to device malfunctions and also creates health issues in human beings. Particularly, in aircraft, EM interference is a serious threat that leads to disastrous outcomes. The shielding of electronic components is an ideal way to reduce the pollution of electromagnetic interference (EMI). The mechanism of EMI shielding efficiency is discussed elaborately in this article. The factors associated with the EMI shielding of materials are discussed in detail. The EMI shielding by reflection and absorption are two possible routes to improve the shielding performance of the shielding materials. This article also highlights the EMI shielding mechanisms by reflection and absorption. However, the risk of secondary EM pollution is associated with the reflection of EM waves. This review also outlines the methods to improve the absorption‐based shielding performance of the materials. The significance of the microstructure of the shielding materials in enhancing the absorption‐dominant shielding efficiency is also presented with a detailed analysis. This helps to fabricate the absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials with suitable microstructures. The EM loss is associated with the magnetic, dielectric, and conduction losses according to EM theory.Highlights
This article highlights the recent progress in epoxy‐based EMI shielding materials.
EMI shielding mechanisms by reflection and absorption are discussed elaborately.
Reviewed the methods to improve the absorption‐based shielding performance in detail.
Materials with EMI shielding efficiency greater than 30 dB are highly preferable.
Tribological anisotropy of PEEK composites filled with highly oriented carbon fibers manufactured by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Lv Xiancheng , Yang Shuyan , Pei Xianqiang , Zhang Yaoming , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe orientation of fibers in polymer matrix plays a crucial role in governing the performance of composites including friction and wear. In the present work, the effect of fiber orientation on tribological behavior of 3D printed short carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites (CF/PEEK) was studied by two series of tribo‐tests, namely macro‐scale continuous sliding and micro‐scale multiple scratching. Fiber orientations studied included parallel, tilted and anti‐parallel relative to the sliding direction in both macro sliding and micro scratching. It was revealed that the effect of fiber orientation showed strong dependence on applied loads. In most cases, lower wear were obtained when the fiber orientation was tilted rather than parallel or anti‐parallel in macro continuous sliding. With tilted orientation, the composite also exhibited the best scratching behavior except for that at the lowest normal load. To reveal the mechanisms behind this orientation effects, the composite's worn surface, as well as those of the counter rings, were characterized. Findings of the present work indicates that scratching tests can help understand the macro sliding mechanisms and appropriate fiber orientation is beneficial in improving the tribological properties of polymer composites, which can be realized through 3D printing.Highlights
PEEK composites filled with highly oriented carbon fibers were manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM).
Tribological anisotropy was studied through macro sliding and micro scratching measurements with respect to carbon fiber orientation.
The coupling mechanism of load and fiber orientation was discussed in influencing the composites' friction and wear properties.
The effects of multiple‐sized compound fillers on the thermal, electrical, and processing properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhao Yushun , Chen Yun , Qiao Jian , Chen Weijiang , Wang Kun , Zhang Chong , Zhang Jin , Chen Xin , Du Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe efficient filling of the multiple‐sized compound fillers can effectively increase the thermal conductivity of the polymer composite. However, determining the specific proportion of the compound fillers with different sizes is hard. This article proposes a random distribution model and the closest packing model to calculate the proportion of the compound fillers and prepare the epoxy composites with different compound fillers. By elaborately designing epoxy composites containing 75 wt% (48 vol%) ternary compound Al2O3fillers, its thermal conductivity reached 1.640 W/(m·K). In addition, the volume resistivity for all prepared Al2O3/epoxy composites was higher than 1016 Ω cm. Besides, the electrical and dielectric properties of the epoxy composite with multiple‐sized compound fillers were comparable or superior to the composite with single‐sized fillers. Last but not least, the viscosity of the ternary compound Al2O3/epoxy mixture was significantly lower than the single‐sized Al2O3/epoxy mixture, which is beneficial for improving the processability of the epoxy composite. The results of this article will guide the development and utilization of epoxy composites with high thermal conductivities.HighlightsA random distribution model and the closest packing model were proposed.The thermal conductivity of the designed epoxy composites reached 1.640 W/(m·K).The compound filler can effectively improve the processability of the composite.