bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of fall-related and other fatal injuries in older adults in Finland between 1998 and 2020
Authors: Ylitörmänen Tuija , Nuotio Maria S , Kettunen Hanna , Impinen Antti , Koivula Riitta , Haikonen Kari 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The number of falls and fall-related injuries will likely increase as the number of older adults expands. Increases in total deaths due to falls have been observed over Europe. Less is known about other injuries leading to death.

To examine the incidence trends of fall-related and other fatal injuries among adults aged 65 or older in Finland.

Methods
We analyzed open data from Statistics Finland’s register on the causes of death of those aged ≥65 collected between 1998 and 2020 yielding a total of 32 150 deaths due to injury using Poisson regression and distributional comparisons chi-squared tests.

Results
The most common injuries leading to death among people aged ≥65 in Finland were fall related. There has been an increase in the absolute number of fall-related and other injuries, but when adjusting for person-years in population, a significant decrease can be observed. The crude rates of deaths from fall-related injuries among males annually increased 1.1–4.4% from 1998 to 2020, while the changes in rates among females ranged between −2% and 1.6%. The crude rates of other injuries ranged between −0.5% to +3.8%. Recently (2018–20), nearly 40% of the cases in males and 25% of cases in females were not fall related but comprised other types of injury mechanisms such as traffic, poisoning and drowning.

Conclusion
Strengthening the implementation of preventive strategies is essential to prevent injuries. To reduce injury-related mortality and disability, improvement of acute and post-acute care for injured older patients is warranted.
Macroecological predictors of evolutionary and plastic potential do not apply at microgeographic scales for a freshwater cladoceran under climate change
Authors: Nadeau Christopher P , Urban Mark C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rapid evolutionary adaptation could reduce the negative impacts of climate change if sufficient heritability of key traits exists under future climate conditions. Plastic responses to climate change could also reduce negative impacts. Understanding which populations are likely to respond via evolution or plasticity could therefore improve estimates of extinction risk. A large body of research suggests that the evolutionary and plastic potential of a population can be predicted by the degree of spatial and temporal climatic variation it experiences. However, we know little about the scale at which these relationships apply. Here, we test if spatial and temporal variation in temperature affects genetic variation and plasticity of fitness and a key thermal tolerance trait (critical thermal maximum; CTmax) at microgeographic scales using a metapopulation of Daphnia magna in freshwater rock pools. Specifically, we ask if (a) there is a microgeographic adaptation of CTmax and fitness to differences in temperature among the pools, (b) pools with greater temporal temperature variation have more genetic variation or plasticity in CTmax or fitness, and (c) increases in temperature affect the heritability of CTmax and fitness. Although we observed genetic variation and plasticity in CTmax and fitness, and differences in fitness among pools, we did not find support for the predicted relationships between temperature variation and genetic variation or plasticity. Furthermore, the genetic variation and plasticity we observed in CTmax are unlikely sufficient to reduce the impacts of climate change. CTmax plasticity was minimal and heritability was 72% lower when D. magna developed at the higher temperatures predicted under climate change. In contrast, the heritability of fitness increased by 53% under warmer temperatures, suggesting an increase in overall evolutionary potential unrelated to CTmax under climate change. More research is needed to understand the evolutionary and plastic potential under climate change and how that potential will be altered in future climates.
Development and prospect of gene-edited fruits and vegetables
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Zhu Hongliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As global climate change progresses and the demand for nutritional value in food increases, new challenges have been posed for the cultivation of grains, fruits, and vegetables and the functionality of food. Traditional breeding combined with hybridization enhances grain yield, boosts fruit and vegetable production, and augments the beneficial components of food. However, these approaches fail to satisfy the diverse requirements. Gene-editing technology offers new tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), enabling precise modifications of plant or animal genes to enhance their characteristics. Gene-edited foods offer numerous advantages, such as increased crop yields, improved nutritional value, enhanced stress resistance, and disease resistance. However, promoting genetically edited food faces several challenges, such as safety research, international regulatory differences, and public perception and acceptance. To achieve widespread application of gene-edited food, strengthening safety research, harmonizing international regulations, and raising public awareness are essential. This review highlights the development of gene-editing technology and its application in fruits and vegetables, reviews the legal regulations and attitudes of different countries towards gene-edited food, and provides perspectives on the future of gene-edited food.
RIFLE: a Phase II trial of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy combined with fruquintinib and tislelizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Kun , Chen Yajie , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wu Ruiyan , Zhou Menglong , Yang Wang , Wan Juefeng , Shen Lijun , Zhang Hui , Wang Yan , Han Xu , Wang Jiazhou , Zhang Zhen , Xia Fan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Currently, the prognosis for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) still remains poor. The management of mCRC has become manifold because of the varied advances in the systemic and topical treatment approaches. For patients with limited number of metastases, radical local therapy plus systemic therapy can be a good choice to achieve long-term tumor control. In this study, we aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of the combination of fruquintinib, tislelizumab, and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in mCRC (RIFLE study).

Methods
RIFLE was designed as a single-center, single-arm, prospective Phase II clinical trial. A total of 68 mCRC patients who have failed the first-line standard treatment will be recruited in the safety run-in phase (n = 6) and the expansion phase (n = 62), respectively. Eligible patients will receive SABR followed by fruquintinib (5 mg, d1–14, once every day) and tislelizumab (200 mg, d1, once every 3 weeks) within 2 weeks from completion of radiation. The expansion phase starts when the safety of the treatment is determined (dose limiting toxicity occur in no more than one-sixth of patients in the run-in phase). The primary end point is the objective response rate. The secondary end points include the disease control rate, duration of response, 3-year progression-free survival rate, 3-year overall survival rate, and toxicity.

Conclusions
The results of this trial will provide a novel insight into SABR in combination with PD-1 antibody and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor in the systematic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, which is expected to provide new therapeutic strategies and improve the prognosis for mCRC patients.

Trial registration
NCT04948034 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Evolving availability and standardization of patient attributes for matching
Authors: Deng Yu , Gleason Lacey P , Culbertson Adam , Chen Xiaotian , Bernstam Elmer V , Cullen Theresa , Gouripeddi Ramkiran , Harle Christopher , Hesse David F , Kean Jacob , Lee John , Magoc Tanja , Meeker Daniella , Ong Toan , Pathak Jyotishman , Rosenman Marc , Rusie Laura K , Shah Akash J , Shi Lizheng , Thomas Aaron , Trick William E , Grannis Shaun , Kho Abel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Variation in availability, format, and standardization of patient attributes across health care organizations impacts patient-matching performance. We report on the changing nature of patient-matching features available from 2010–2020 across diverse care settings. We asked 38 health care provider organizations about their current patient attribute data-collection practices. All sites collected name, date of birth (DOB), address, and phone number. Name, DOB, current address, social security number (SSN), sex, and phone number were most commonly used for cross-provider patient matching. Electronic health record queries for a subset of 20 participating sites revealed that DOB, first name, last name, city, and postal codes were highly available (&gt;90%) across health care organizations and time. SSN declined slightly in the last years of the study period. Birth sex, gender identity, language, country full name, country abbreviation, health insurance number, ethnicity, cell phone number, email address, and weight increased over 50% from 2010 to 2020. Understanding the wide variation in available patient attributes across care settings in the United States can guide selection and standardization efforts for improved patient matching in the United States.
Telomere-to-telomere pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) reference genome reveals segmental and whole genome duplication driving genome evolution
Authors: Sun Manyi , Yao Chenjie , Shu Qun , He Yingyun , Chen Guosong , Yang Guangyan , Xu Shaozhuo , Liu Yueyuan , Xue Zhaolong , Wu Jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Previously released pear genomes contain a plethora of gaps and unanchored genetic regions. Here, we report a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free genome for the red-skinned pear, ‘Yunhong No. 1’ (YH1; Pyrus pyrifolia), which is mainly cultivated in Yunnan Province (southwest China), the pear’s primary region of origin. The YH1 genome is 501.20 Mb long with a contig N50 length of 29.26 Mb. All 17 chromosomes were assembled to the T2T level with 34 characterized telomeres. The 17 centromeres were predicted and mainly consist of centromeric-specific monomers (CEN198) and long terminal repeat (LTR) Gypsy elements (≥74.73%). By filling all unclosed gaps, the integrity of YH1 is markedly improved over previous P. pyrifolia genomes (‘Cuiguan’ and ‘Nijisseiki’). A total of 1531 segmental duplication (SD) driven duplicated genes were identified and enriched in stress response pathways. Intrachromosomal SDs drove the expansion of disease resistance genes, suggesting the potential of SDs in adaptive pear evolution. A large proportion of duplicated gene pairs exhibit dosage effects or sub-/neo-functionalization, which may affect agronomic traits like stone cell content, sugar content, and fruit skin russet. Furthermore, as core regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we found that MYB10 and MYB114 underwent various gene duplication events. Multiple copies of MYB10 and MYB114 displayed obvious dosage effects, indicating role differentiation in the formation of red-skinned pear fruit. In summary, the T2T gap-free pear genome provides invaluable resources for genome evolution and functional genomics.
Architecture design of grid-connected exploratory photovoltaic power generation based on Internet of Things and construction of power marketing system
Authors: Qian Feng , Wang Zhe , Wang Jinghua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Solar energy, as a prominent clean energy source, is increasingly favored by nations worldwide. However, managing numerous photovoltaic (PV) power generation units via wired connections presents a considerable challenge. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud service technologies has facilitated the creation of an efficient and convenient PV grid-connected management system. This paper investigates IoT technology and PV grid-connected systems, integrating wireless sensor network technology, cloud computing service platforms and distributed PV grid-connected systems. We propose a Zigbee wireless network featuring ad hoc network functionality and Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) smart gateway with multi-protocol and multi-device support. This system enables the collection and uploading of PV grid-connected system data to cloud service platforms, addressing daily operation and maintenance as well as intelligent management of distributed PV power stations. Furthermore, it expedites the aggregation and analysis of PV power generation data, streamlining power marketing across various regions.
Forelimb morphology as an adaptation for burrowing in kangaroo rat species (genus Dipodomys) that inhabit different soil substrates
Authors: Siciliano-Martina Leila , Guerra Daniel A , Veech Joseph A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Among burrowing rodents, forelimb morphology frequently shares an intricate relationship with soil substrates. Soils vary widely in texture and density, leading to differences in friability (e.g., the relative ability of particles to be broken apart), which often requires forelimb specializations in digging animals. Kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) dig and occupy burrows, a trait that is essential to their survival. Some Dipodomys species are restricted to particular substrates that presumably require species-specific forelimb traits. Here we examined the forelimb morphology and soil substrates inhabited by range-restricted and widely ranging Dipodomys species to explore the variation in soil usage, forelimb specializations, and the relationship between these traits. We assessed size and shape traits of preserved specimen forelimb bones using traditional and geometric morphometric techniques and extracted soil data associated with the collecting locality of each specimen. We expected species that inhabit dense soil substrates to display specialized forelimb morphology typified by an elongated scapula and robust humerus, radius, and ulna. The species differed substantially in their soil associations and forelimb morphologies. In particular, forelimb traits that enhance mechanical digging ability were detected in D. elator, a range-restricted species that inhabits dense clay-rich soils. These findings suggest that Dipodomys species that inhabit dense substrates may require correspondingly specialized forelimb morphology and that these traits may limit the desirable geographic ranges inhabited by these species. This may provide important information when making conservation decisions given that unlike other habitat features, soil substrates cannot be easily modified to suit the needs of the organism.
Primary Series and Booster Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Effectiveness in a Cohort of Healthcare Workers in Albania During a BA.1 and BA.2 Variant Period, January–May 2022
Authors: Finci Iris , Rojas Castro Madelyn Yiseth , Hasibra Iris , Sulo Jonilda , Fico Albana , Daja Rovena , Vasili Adela , Kota Majlinda , Preza Iria , Mühlemann Barbara , Drosten Christian , Pebody Richard , Lafond Kathryn E , Kissling Esther , Katz Mark A , Bino Silvia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have experienced high rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality. We estimated COVID-19 2-dose primary series and monovalent booster vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) infection among HCWs in 3 Albanian hospitals during January–May 2022.

Methods
Study participants completed weekly symptom questionnaires, underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing when symptomatic, and provided quarterly blood samples for serology. We estimated VE using Cox regression models (1 – hazard ratio), with vaccination status as the time-varying exposure and unvaccinated HCWs as the reference group, adjusting for potential confounders: age, sex, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (detected by PCR, rapid antigen test, or serology), and household size.

Results
At the start of the analysis period, 76% of 1462 HCWs had received a primary series, 10% had received a booster dose, and 9% were unvaccinated; 1307 (89%) HCWs had evidence of prior infection. Overall, 86% of primary series and 98% of booster doses received were BNT162b2. The median time interval from the second dose and the booster dose to the start of the analysis period was 289 (interquartile range [IQR], 210–292) days and 30 (IQR, 22–46) days, respectively. VE against symptomatic PCR-confirmed infection was 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], −36% to 68%) for the primary series and 88% (95% CI, 39%–98%) for the booster.

Conclusions
Among Albanian HCWs, most of whom had been previously infected, COVID-19 booster dose offered improved VE during a period of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 circulation. Our findings support promoting booster dose uptake among Albanian HCWs, which, as of January 2023, was only 20%.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04811391.
Etiology of Fever and Associated Outcomes Among Adults Receiving Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Solid Tumors in Uganda
Authors: Gulleen Elizabeth A , Holte Sarah , Zhang Yuzheng , Mbarusha Immaculate , Mubiru Dennis , Pedun Bernadette , Keng Michael , Heysell Scott K , Omoding Abrahams , Moore Christopher C , Phipps Warren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the microbiology and outcomes of chemotherapy-associated febrile illness among patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the microbiology of febrile illness could improve antibiotic selection and infection-related outcomes.

Methods
From September 2019 through June 2022, we prospectively enrolled adult inpatients at the Uganda Cancer Institute who had solid tumors and developed fever within 30 days of receiving chemotherapy. Evaluation included blood cultures, malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and urinary lipoarabinomannan testing for tuberculosis. Serum cryptococcal antigen was evaluated in participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The primary outcome was the mortality rate 40 days after fever onset, which we estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
A total of 104 febrile episodes occurred among 99 participants. Thirty febrile episodes (29%) had ≥1 positive microbiologic result. The most frequently identified causes of infection were tuberculosis (19%) and bacteremia (12%). The prevalence of tuberculosis did not differ by HIV status. The 40-day case fatality ratio was 25%. There was no difference in all-cause mortality based on HIV serostatus, presence of neutropenia, or positive microbiologic results. A universal vital assessment score of &gt;4 was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 14.5 [95% confidence interval, 5–42.7]).

Conclusions
The 40-day mortality rate among Ugandan patients with solid tumors who developed chemotherapy-associated febrile illness was high, and few had an identified source of infection. Tuberculosis and bacterial bloodstream infections were the leading diagnoses associated with fever. Tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients who develop fever after receiving chemotherapy in tuberculosis-endemic settings, regardless of HIV serostatus.
Complementing model species with model clades
Authors: Mabry Makenzie E , Abrahams R Shawn , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A , Baker William J , Barak Simon , Barker Michael S , Barrett Russell L , Beric Aleksandra , Bhattacharya Samik , Carey Sarah B , Conant Gavin C , Conran John G , Dassanayake Maheshi , Edger Patrick P , Hall Jocelyn C , Hao Yue , Hendriks Kasper P , Hibberd Julian M , King Graham J , Kliebenstein Daniel J , Koch Marcus A , Leitch Ilia J , Lens Frederic , Lysak Martin A , McAlvay Alex C , McKibben Michael T W , Mercati Francesco , Moore Richard C , Mummenhoff Klaus , Murphy Daniel J , Nikolov Lachezar A , Pisias Michael , Roalson Eric H , Schranz M Eric , Thomas Shawn K , Yu Qingyi , Yocca Alan , Pires J Chris , Harkess Alex E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Model species continue to underpin groundbreaking plant science research. At the same time, the phylogenetic resolution of the land plant tree of life continues to improve. The intersection of these 2 research paths creates a unique opportunity to further extend the usefulness of model species across larger taxonomic groups. Here we promote the utility of the Arabidopsis thaliana model species, especially the ability to connect its genetic and functional resources, to species across the entire Brassicales order. We focus on the utility of using genomics and phylogenomics to bridge the evolution and diversification of several traits across the Brassicales to the resources in Arabidopsis, thereby extending scope from a model species by establishing a “model clade.” These Brassicales-wide traits are discussed in the context of both the model species Arabidopsis and the family Brassicaceae. We promote the utility of such a “model clade” and make suggestions for building global networks to support future studies in the model order Brassicales.
How Much Does the Food Insecurity Experience Scale Overlap with Poor Food Consumption and Monetary Poverty? Evidence from West Africa
Authors: Lain Jonathan , Tandon Sharad , Vishwanath Tara 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), which combines three food-access dimensions into a single indicator, is rapidly being incorporated into national statistical systems. However, there is no prediction about how one of the incorporated dimensions—subjective experiences associated with food insecurity—overlaps with poor food consumption. Using data from West Africa, this study illustrates that in 4 out of 10 countries, there is a similar prevalence of food insecurity according to the FIES among segments of the population that are likely undernourished and segments that are likely not undernourished. And in 5 out of 10 countries, there is a relatively large prevalence of food insecurity according to the FIES in the segments of the population that are least likely to be undernourished. Combined, the results offer guidance to policymakers when choosing food-access indicators and illustrate the importance of using the FIES along with other food-access measures.