bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell death by apoptosis in acute leukaemia
Authors: Baxter Glenn D. , Collins Russell J. , Harmon Brian V. , Kumar Sharad , Prentice Roger L. , Smith Peter J. , Lavin Martin F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that when freshly isolated childhood T‐cetl acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells are incubated in growth medium after isolation from blood, chromatin is rapidly cleaved into nucleosomal sized fragments that are multiples of 200 bp. The fragmentation is similar to that observed in other types of cells undergoing apoptosis or programmed cell death. In this study we describe a more comprehensive approach to the study of DNA fragmentation in leukaemia. Fragmentation was observed in freshly isolated cells from patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and in one with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Frozen samples of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and acute myeloid leukaemia cells also showed fragmentation of DNA. However, no fragmentation was evident in normal leukocytes treated under the same conditions. Ultrastructural studies on the isolated leukaemia cells demonstrate that the chromatin cleavage observed biochemically is associated with morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis.
Metallothionein and copper in liver disease with copper retention—a histopathological study
Authors: Elmes Margaret E. , Clarkson Johanna P. , Mahy Nicolas J. , Jasant Bharat 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have examined the relationship between (a) histochemically demonstrable copper using rubeanic add, (b) copper‐associated protein (CAP) using orcein, and (c) immunoreactive metallothionein (MT) using DNP hapten sandwich staining and have correlated these with histological lesions in 95 liver biopsies from patients with conditions associated with hepatic copper retention, 4 fetal livers, and 25 historically normal adult controls.No copper or CAP was present in normal adult liver but periportal CAP was present in fetal liver. MT was present in hepatocytes of normal livers with a predominantly perivenular (centrilobular) cytoplasmic distribution varying in staining intensify; all fetal hepatocytes stained strongly for MT.Fifty‐two of 95 (55 per cent) abnormal livers contained CAP and 42 (44 per cent) contained both CAP and copper. In CAP‐positive livers, the commonest histological lesions were piecemeal necrosis and cholestasis.CAP was present in (a) 15/15 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis including early cases with minimal pathology; and (b) 5/5 cases of Wilson's disease, 6/6 cases of biliary atresia, and 3/9 cases of sclerosing cholangitis. In other conditions, it was present in 25–50 per cent of cases.MT distribution was abnormal in most CAP‐positive livers. Necrotic hepatocytes were intensely MT‐positive and in Wilson's disease had a characteristic appearance.
Hepatic sinusoidal cell destruction in the development of intravascular coagulation in acute liver failure of rats
Authors: Hirata Keiichi , Ogata Itsuro , Ohta Yasuhiko , Fujiwara Kenji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRats received a dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or carbon tetrachlonde (CCl4). In the liver of rats given DMN, apoptosis of fat‐storing cells occurred at 7.5 h, and sinusoidal endothelial cell degeneration followed, with parenchymal cell necrosis after 9 h. Fibrin thrombi appeared in the sinusoids as well as in these necrotic areas after 12h. In contrast, in the liver of rats given CCl4, parenchymal cell degeneration was seen after 6 h and necrosis with fibrin thrombi developed after 9 h. Fat‐storing cells and endothelial cells were almost intact, and fibrin thrombi were not present in the sinusoids. SGPT values increased with decreased plasma levels of fibrinogen and antithrombin III and prolonged prothrombin time after 3 and 6 h, in the CC14 and DMN models, respectively. An extensive reduction in plasma factor VIIIC levels and peripheral platelets was seen after 18 and 24 h, respectively, only in the DMN model. These results suggest that endothelial cells destruction can cause fibrin formation in the hepatic sinusoids in acute liver injury. Fatstoring cell injury may contribute to the destruction.
The utility of Ki67 immunostaining, nuclear organizer region counting, and morphology in the assessment of follicular lymphomas
Authors: Cibull M. L. , Heryet A. , Gatter K. C. , Mason D. Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThree methods, the enumeration of large non‐cleaved cells (LNCC), the enumeration of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), and the estimation of the percentage of Ki67‐positive cells, have been compared on a series of 36 follicular lymphomas for their utility in subclassificalion. All three methods produced similar subdivisions io those obtained using the histological classification of the Working Formulation for clinical usage. Twenty cases have been followed clinically to assess any relationship between these parameters and short‐term (less than 4 years) survival. Each technique showed a trend towards identifying patients with a poor short‐term prognosis with no one method being superior to any other. Unless larger series with longer follow‐up suggest otherwise, there is no indication to use either the AgNOR or Ki67 methods which offer no advantage over the simple and inexpensive Working Formulation or Berard's LNCC counting.
Functional activity of intestinal epithelium demonstrated by mRNA in situ hybridization
Authors: Talbot Ian C. , Primrose Lindsay , Pringle James H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo elucidate the synthetic activity in relation to the morphology of the epithelial cells of the small and large intestine, in situ hybridization with a poly‐deoxyribothymidine (poly d(T)) probe was applied to paraffin sections of formalin fixed blocks. This effectively displays poly‐adenylated RNA and, by implication, messenger RNA (mRNA). By minimizing proteinase K pretreatment, the relative concentrations of cellular mRNA were visualized. This revealed minimal mRNA in crypt columnar cells, and maximal mRNA in proliferating cells and in cells showing terminal differentiation. The latter include surface epithelial cells, endocrine cells, Paneth cells, and maturing, but not mature, goblet cells. The goblet cells showing positive hybridization can be regarded as active cells and show characteristic morphology. Such cells are particularly evident in untreated coeliac disease, remitting ulcerative colitis, and transitional mucosa. The proliferating cells showing increased hybridization include normal mitotically active crypt epithelium, regenerating epithelium in ulcerative colitis, adenomatous epithelium, and adenocarcinomatous epithelium. The similarity of hybridization between metaplastic polyp epithelium and surface colonocytes is consistent with the concept that metaplastic polyps are formed of cells showing premature terminal differentiation.
Expression of parathyroid hormone related protein in normal skin and in tumours of skin and skin appendages
Authors: Hayman J. A. , Danks J. A. , Ebeling P. R. , Moseley J. M. , Kemp B. E. , Martin T. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) has been demonstrated in the tumour cells of squamous cell carcinomas originating in a variety of organs, in undifferentiated small cell tumours of the bronchus, and in carcinoma of the kidney. The protein hormone is thought to produce the hypercalcaemia which may complicate some of these malignan cies. By using an antibody raised in rabbits against the N‐terminal portion of the molecule, the polypeptide may be demonstrated in cells of the prickle cell layer of normal skin and in the cells of hair follicles. Skin tumours showing squamous or hair follicle differentiation are shown to contain the protein antigen, while basal cell carcinomas and tumours with sweat gland differentiation do not The hormone may be primordial in origin and the progenitor of parathyroid hormone.
Superficial gastritis and Campylobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients—a quantitative study using computer‐linked image analysis
Authors: Collins J. S. A. , Hamilton P. W. , Watt P. C. H. , Sloan J. M. , Love A. H. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the quantitative assessment of mucosal inflammation and its relationship to Campylobacter pylori in gastric antral and body biopsies from patients with dyspepsia and controls. The study groups comprised patients with duodenal ulcer (DU; n = 20), duodenitis (DUN;n = 20), non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD; n = 20), Using a semiautomatic, computer‐linked image analyser (Kontron: MOP Videoplan), mucosal acute and chronic inflammatory cell densities were measured in defined gastric sites for each patient group and expressed as number per mm2 of lamina propria and number per mm length of epithelium. Measurements were also made on a group of asymptomatic controls (n = 9) who fulfilled strict exclusion criteria. All biopsies were analysed for the presence of Camplyobacter pylori (CP) with a Giemsa stain. Data between groups were compared using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test. In the antrum and body, the mononuclear cell count was significantly higher in lamina propria in DU patients than in DUN, NUD and controls. In the body, DU laminia propria mononuclear cell counts were higher than those of DUN and controls. Prevalence rates for CP for DU, DUN, and NUD were 94, 89, and 50 per cent for antral and 88, 83, and 56 per cent for body biopsies. Significant differences were present between CP‐positive and negative subjects in the NUD group. Antral and body inflammation within these clinical groups shows a wide variation. Higher inflammatory cell counts in the DU group may reflect the prevalence of CP colonization.
Antigenic heterogeneity of renal endothelium
Authors: Fleming S. , Jones D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have identified several antibodies which in immunocytochemical experiments reveal antigenic heterogeneity in renal vascular endothelium. In the renal vascular endothelium, blood group antigen H type II was carried in a sialylated form on an endogalactosidase resistant molecule. The glomerular reactivity was sensitive to digestion by this enzyme. Monoclonal antibodies of the CD 39, CD 14, and CD 11C leucocyte differentiation clusters bind to renal vascular endothelium but not to glomerular capillaries. In fetal kidney, the developing glomerular endothelium has the same phenotype as the remainder of the vascular tree with respect to these markers. There are therefore antigenic differences among renal endothelial cells and these arise during renal organogenesis.
Transfer of anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibody‐induced glomerulonephritis in inbred rats with isologous antibodies from the urine of nephritic rats
Authors: Sado Yoshikazu , Naito Ichiro , Okigaki Tohru 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAnti‐glomerular basement membrane antibody‐induced glomerulonephritis (anti‐GBM nephritis) was transferred from nephritic rats to normal recipient rats with isologous antibodies obtained from the urine of the nephritic rats. The original actively‐immunized anti‐GBM nephritis was induced in inbred WKY/NCrj rats by injecting the nephritogenic antigen from bovine renal basement membranes. Excreted urinary antibodies were collected, purified, and then injected into recipient rats of the same strain, Haematuria and proteinuria appeared on day 2 and day 3, respectively; both became heavier and reached a plateau by day 5. Endocapillary hypercellularity of mononuclear cells in glomeruli was the first histological change, which was observed from day 2, and later extracapillary changes such as fibrin deposition, capsular adhesion, and crescent formation were observed. These histological changes were the same as those seen in the actively‐immunized nephritis. The results demonstrate that anti‐GBM nephritis is clearly induced by autoantibodies. This new passively‐immunized model of anti‐GBM nephritis makes it possible and easier to analyse further the mechanism of anti‐GBM nephritis because only isologous antibodies are used. This study also indicates that the urine of the nephritic rat is a good source of autoantibodies.
Calgranulin expression in inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: Kelly Susan E. , Jones David B. , Fleming Stewart 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have used monoclonal antibodies to study the expression of calgranulins by keratinocytes in inflammatory dermatoses. Calgranulins are intracellular calcium binding proteins which have inflammatory cytokine activity and are composed of at least two different chains, calgranulin A and B. Antibody CF 145 and CF 557 identify calgranulin A and B, respectively. MAC 387 recognizes a molecule probably containing both calgranulins. Keratinocytes in normal skin did not contain these molecules. The keratinocytes in 52 cases of different inflammatory dermatoses showed expression of both calgranulin chains in lesional but not in non‐lesional skin. Keratinocytes in inflammatory dermatoses therefore express an intracellular calcium binding protein which has cytokine activity.
Ploidy as a prognostic indicator in oesophageal squamous carcinoma and its relationship to various histological criteria
Authors: Edwards J. M. , Jones D. J. , Wilkes S. J. L. , Hillier V. F. , Hasleton P. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOne hundred surgically resected squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus were studied retrospectively to assess the significance of DNA aneuploidy as determined by flow cytometry using paraffin‐embedded tissue. DNA aneuploidy was not an independent prognostic indicator but was found to be associated with tumour necrosis and host/tumour interface fibrosis. When tumours confined to submucosa or muscle wall were assessed, diploid tumours had a poorer survival rate than DNA aneuploid tumours. Other histological variables studied were tumour differentiation, depth of infiltration, glandular and small cell differentiation, lymphatic and vascular spread and host inflammatory response. These failed to show any significant association with ploidy.
Studies on the mechanisms of mucous cell depletion in experimental colitis
Authors: Kaftan Safa M. , Wright Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMucous cell depletion is an important histological discriminator in favour of ulcerative colitis. The mechanism of this change was investigated in guinea pigs with experimental colitis induced by intrarectal instillation of acetic acid or dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in sensitized animals. Both models showed mucous cell depletion. Increased numbers of mucous cells were flash‐labelled with tritiated thymidine (3HTdR), indicating an increased pool of proliferating (oligo‐) mucous cells; mucous cell production was in fact increased absolutely compared with control animals, and there was a marked increase in the rate of turnover of mucous cells.The results indicate that in colitis there is (i) increased mucous cell production and (ii) an increased rate of mucous cell turnover due to increased loss of older mucous cells. It is concluded that the disease process in experimental colitis leads to premature discharge of mucin, so that mucous cells are no longer recognizable by light microscopy. This explains the increase in mucin production in ulcerative colitis, which occurs even in the presence of significant mucous cell depletion.
The ultimobranchial gland and congenital thyroid abnormalities in man
Authors: Williams E. D. , Toyn C. E. , Harach H. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the fate of the ultimobranchial contribution to the thyroid in man when the thyroid lobe is not fully descended. Thyroid abnormalities were recorded in 41 of 29000 autopsies at the London Hospital—a prevalence of 1·41/1000. The 18 major abnormalities included four cases of lingual thyroid, in two of which cystic structures were noted in the neck in the region of the upper parathyroid. Three further cases of lingual thyroid with upper parathyroid cysts were collected from other sources.The multilobulated cystic structures were up to 1·5 cm in diameter and showed a variety of histologic features. In four cases there were glandular nodules of up to 1 mm across lying in the intercystic connective tissue. These nodules showed solid areas of irregularly distributed cells that stained positively for calcitonin and calcitonin gene‐related peptide, intermingled with, and sometimes apposed to, follicular structures that showed follicular cells and colloid that stained for thyroglobulin.This study has provided conclusive evidence that the ultimobranchial body contributes both C cells and follicular cells to the thyroid in man, has documented the prevalence of congenital defects of thyroid development, and has described the human ultimobranchial gland as showing a wide developmental potential which may have implications in the histogenesis of thyroid neoplasia.
Sequential demonstration of antigens and AgNORs in frozen and paraffin sections
Authors: Murray Paul G. , Boldy David A. R. , Crocker John , Ayres Jon G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA technique has been designed which enables the sequential demonstration of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and various antigens, in both frozen and paraffin wax‐embedded sections. The NORs were demonstrated by the standard argyrophil (AgNOR) method and the antigens were shown by either immunoperoxidase (PAP) or immunoalkaline phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase–anti‐alkaline phosphatase or avidin–biotin–alkaline phosphatase) methodology. Clear, reproducible results were obtained and AgNOR sites were enumerated with ease. It is suggested that the sequential method may be of great use in the evaluation of AgNOR numbers in neoplasms, where cell populations are heterogeneous. Cell populations may be demarcated with accuracy prior to the counting the AgNORs.
Prognostic significance of activation and differentiation antigen expression in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Salter D. M. , Krajewski A. S. , Sheehan T. , Turner G. , Cuthbert R. J. G. , McLean A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunophenotyping shows heterogeneity of expression of activation and differentiation antigens in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). To investigate whether antigen expression correlates with clinical behaviour we have studied the clinical presentation and follow‐up of a series of 111 B‐cell lymphomas previously phenotyped for a panel of antigens including CD groups 5, 9, 10, 21, 23, 25, 30, 38, 4F2 antigen, and transferrin receptor. CD antigens 5, 10, and 23 were expressed significantly more often by low grade lymphomas whereas CD38, 4F2 antigen, and transferrin receptor were more often expressed by high grade lymphomas. There was a significant correlation with survival and age, stage at presentation, histological grade, and expression of 4F2 antigen and transferrin receptor but not with the other antigens studied. 4F2 antigen and transferrin receptor may identify a poor prognostic group of cases in low grade lymphoma but we conclude that phenotyping B‐cell NHL for many of the antigens expressed at various stages of B‐cell differentiation and activation does not provide clinically useful information in addition to that obtained from standard histological classifications.
Tenascin distribution in basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Stamp Gordon W. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of tenascin, an extracellular matrix protein highly expressed in the stroma around sites of epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction during morphogenesis and in malignant neoplasms, was assessed in cryostat sections of 17 basal cell carcinomas using a polyclonal antibody. There was marked staining of the vascularized stroma around neoplastic islands, usually as an intense, well‐defined band, but being more widespread and diffuse in sclerosing, infiltrative areas. Apparently enhanced staining was seen in tumours showing retraction artefact, which may be related to the observation that tenascin interferes with the cell binding function of fibronectin. Reduced staining was seen in areas showing evidence of tumour regression. Tenascin is an important component of the epithelial‐mesenchymal interactive process and further studies on its distribution in benign and malignant skin tumours are required.
Abnormal alveolar epithelial repair associated with failure of resolution in experimental streptococcal pneumonia
Authors: Rhodes Gregory C. , Lykke Athol W. J. , Tapsall John W. , Smith Lance W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe an experimental model in Wistar rats of non‐resolving bronchopneumonia evoked by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 25. In contrast to a model of resolving streptococcal pneumonia that we have previously described, morphological studies reveal that in this model, there is significant early damage to type 1 pneumocytes which progresses to necrosis, leaving isolated areas of denuded alveolar basement membrane. Furthermore, there is accompanying degeneration and necrosis of a proportion of the type 2 pneumocytes, and alveolar epithelial repair by proliferation and differentiation of these cells appears to be retarded. Isolated, hypertrophic, and hyperplastic foci of type 2 pneumocytes persist as the acute inflammatory response subsides, and organization progresses with proliferation and emigration of fibroblasts into the lumina of alveoli and terminal bronchioles. The resultant lesion is morphologically indistinguishable from bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. We hypothesize that the abnormal outcome in this model of pneumonia is a consequence of the failure of proliferating type 2 pneumocytes to transform into type 1 pneumocytes and thus maintain the integrity of the alveolar epithelial surface.
Bronchial nerves in chronic obstructive airways disease: A preliminary report
Authors: Edwards Christopher 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe nerves lying within 300 μm of the basement membrane were studied in the named bronchi of five normal subjects and nine patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD), using S‐100 protein as a marker. Two types of change were found. Firstly, there was patchy proliferation of fine nerve twigs, associated with focal increase in fibroelastic tissue. This proliferation was present to a minor degree in two normal subjects, and to a much greater extent in all patients with COAD. The second type of change was most marked in the main and lobar bronchi of the patients with COAD and cor pulmonale, and consisted of enlargement of nerves to a maximum of 150 μm in diameter. The overall mean nerve diameter in these latter patients was 22·3 μm, significantly greater than the mean diameter, 15·8 μm, in the normal subjects (P<0·001).