bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI monitoring of Avastin™ antiangiogenesis therapy using B22956/1, a new blood pool contrast agent, in an experimental model of human cancer
Authors: Preda Anda , Novikov Viktor , Möglich Martina , Turetschek Karl , Shames David M. , Brasch Robert C. , Cavagna Friedrich M. , Roberts Timothy P.L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of a new protein‐binding contrast medium, B22956/1, for quantitatively characterizing tumor microvessels by MRI and monitoring response to antiangiogenic therapy.Materials and MethodsDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) was performed in an experimental cancer model with the use of the novel protein‐binding agent B22956/1, a low molecular contrast agent (ProHance™), and a macromolecular contrast medium, albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA). MDA‐MB‐435, a human cancer cell line, was implanted in 22 athymic rats. Animals were assigned randomly to a control (saline) or drug‐treated (Avastin™) group. MRI was performed at baseline and after nine days of treatment. The transendothelial permeability (KPS) and the fractional blood volume (fBV) were estimated from the kinetic analysis of dynamic MR data using a two‐compartment model. Tumor growth was also measured from volumetric MRI.ResultsTumors grew more slowly, although not significantly (P = 0.07), in the drug‐treated group. The KPS determined for B22956/1 decreased significantly in the drug‐treated group compared to baseline (P < 0.05), and progressed significantly in the control group. However, no significant changes were resolved with the use of ProHance or albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA).ConclusionWith the use of appropriate contrast media, the therapeutic effects of an anti‐VEGF antibody on tumor microvessels can be monitored by dynamic MRI. The dynamic range of permeability to B22956/1, and the sensitivity to change of this parameter suggest a potential application in the clinical setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:865–873. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of myocardial infarctions by acquisition‐weighted 31P‐MR spectroscopy in humans
Authors: Beer Meinrad , Spindler Matthias , Sandstede Joern J.W. , Remmert Haiko , Beer Stephanie , Köstler Herbert , Hahn Dietbert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether the recently applied technique of acquisition‐weighted 31P‐MR spectroscopy (AW‐MRS) allows for the detection of depressed energy metabolism in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarctions.Materials and MethodsEight patients with subacute myocardial infarction and wall motion abnormalities restricted to the inferior wall were examined with a 1.5‐T MR scanner. Global and regional left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by cine MRI, and the size and extent of myocardial infarction was assessed by late enhancement (LE). MRS was performed with an AW three‐dimensional chemical shift imaging sequence. Phosphocreatine/ATP ratios were determined with the postprocessing model AMARES for four voxels positioned in the anterior, lateral, inferior, and septal parts of the LV.ResultsThe LV ejection fraction (EF) was reduced to 37.5% ± 9.0%. Seven of eight patients had transmural LE in the inferior wall, and one patient showed subendocardial enhancement in the inferior‐lateral parts. Phosphocreatine/ATP ratios of the inferior wall were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to all other parts of the LV (1.03 ± 0.39 (inferior), 1.67 ± 0.81 (lateral), 1.73 ± 0.29 (anterior), and 1.49 ± 0.31 (septal)). The ratios in five of seven patients with transmural enhancement were <1.00 in the inferior wall.ConclusionAcquisition weighting allows for the detection of inferior wall infarctions in patients. Transmural signal enhancement is associated with significant depression of phosphocreatine/ATP ratios. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:798–802. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peak‐combination HARP: A method to correct for phase errors in HARP
Authors: Ryf Salome , Tsao Jeffrey , Schwitter Juerg , Stuessi Anja , Boesiger Peter 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo introduce a method to correct phase errors (e.g., from B0 inhomogeneity) in tagging images, which may affect harmonic phase (HARP) evaluation.Materials and MethodsThe phase images corresponding to the negative and positive harmonic peaks in k‐space are combined before HARP evaluation to eliminate any spurious phase. To validate in vivo, two complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM) data sets were collected for each volunteer and evaluated with conventional HARP, using either the positive or the negative harmonic peak, and with peak‐combination HARP.ResultsElimination of phase distortion by peak combination was observed in vitro and in vivo. Improved reproducibility of motion parameters was found with peak‐combination HARP.ConclusionWith peak‐combination HARP, reproducibility of contractile parameters is improved, and consequently, the number of subjects needed to detect statistically significant changes in contractile function can be reduced to one third compared to conventional HARP evaluation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:874–880. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional dynamic liver MR imaging using sensitivity encoding for detection of hepatocellular carcinomas: Comparison with superparamagnetic iron oxide‐enhanced MR imaging
Authors: Kim Young Kon , Kim Chong Soo , Kwak Hyo Sung , Lee Jeong Min 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo assess the diagnostic performance of three‐dimensional dynamic liver imaging with sensitivity encoding (SENSE), including double arterial phase images and increased resolution, by comparing it to superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and MethodsTwenty‐seven consecutive patients with 50 HCCs underwent Gd‐BOPTA‐enhanced dynamic imaging using SENSE and SPIO‐enhanced MR imaging with at least a 24‐hour interval between examinations. Using a three‐dimensional gradient‐echo technique applying SENSE, dynamic imaging consisting of double arterial phase‐, portal phase‐ and delayed phase‐images, was obtained. Using T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo and T2*‐weighted fast imaging with steady‐state precession sequence, SPIO‐enhanced MR imaging was obtained. For qualitative analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of both MR examinations for detecting the 50 HCCs was evaluated using the alternative free‐response receiver operating characteristic method. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were also evaluated.ResultsThe mean sensitivity and positive predictive value of three‐dimensional dynamic imaging with SENSE were 91.3% and 89.2%, respectively, and those of SPIO‐enhanced imaging were 77.3% and 92.6 %, respectively. There was a significant difference in sensitivity between the two images (P < 0.05). The mean Az value of three‐dimensional dynamic imaging with SENSE (0.97 ± 0.01) was significantly higher than that of SPIO‐enhanced imaging (0.90 ± 0.02) (P = 0.00).ConclusionThree‐dimensional dynamic liver MR imaging using SENSE for acquiring double arterial phase images is more efficient than SPIO‐enhanced MR imaging for detecting HCCs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:826–837. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced peripheral magnetic resonance angiography using time‐resolved vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction
Authors: Du Jiang , Carroll Timothy J. , Brodsky Ethan , Lu Aiming , Grist T.M. , Mistretta Charles A. , Block Walter F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the application of time‐resolved vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (VIPR) in contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the distal extremity (single station), and peripheral run‐off vasculature in the abdomen, thigh, and calf (three stations).Materials and MethodsTime‐resolved distal extremity imaging was performed using VIPR sequence through the comparison of two acquisition matrix sizes: 256 with TR/TE = 3.7/1.4 msec and 320 with TR/TE = 4.5/1.8 msec under the same scan time of two minutes. VIPR acquisition was combined with a bolus‐chase technique to image the peripheral run‐off vasculature. The time‐resolved images were reconstructed using a revised sliding window reconstruction filter whose temporal aperture remained narrow for low spatial frequencies and increased quadratically to include all the projection data for high spatial frequencies.ResultsThe new temporal filter significantly suppressed the undersampling streak artifacts and venous contamination, while maintaining a high temporal resolution. Both high spatial resolution (ranging from 1.56 × 1.56 × 1.56 mm to 1.25 × 1.25 × 1.25 mm) and high temporal resolution (three seconds per frame) distal extremity images and peripheral run‐off images were generated using time‐resolved VIPR acquisition, which provides isotropic spatial resolution and isotropic coverage.ConclusionTime‐resolved VIPR acquisition was demonstrated to be well suited for distal extremity imaging by providing isotropic spatial resolution, isotropic coverage, and high temporal resolution. The combination of time‐resolved VIPR and bolus chase technique provided a novel approach for peripheral run‐off examinations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:894–900. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible heterogeneous arterial phase liver perfusion associated with transient acute hepatitis: Findings on gadolinium‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Martin Diego R. , Seibert Donald , Yang Ming , Salman Khalil , Frick Mathis P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo assess a possible correlation between active acute hepatitis and the development of abnormal liver perfusion demonstrated as heterogeneous enhancement on arterial phase gadolinium‐enhanced MRI. Dynamically‐enhanced MRI of the liver can detect reversible perfusion abnormalities that correlate with acute hepatitis.Materials and MethodsSix patients presenting with symptoms and clinical findings in keeping with transient acute hepatitis underwent serial MRI of the liver throughout the course of the disease. Serial liver enzyme analysis was performed for all six patients, and histopathology was assessed for three patients. Imaging included gadolinium‐enhanced arterial and venous‐phase gradient‐echo sequences.ResultsArterial phase gadolinium‐enhanced MRI showed abnormal irregular liver perfusion in the setting of acute hepatitis, and the degree of irregularity, as well as the persistence of irregular enhancement into the venous phase, correlated with the clinical severity of the disease.ConclusionAcute hepatitis can cause irregular enhancement of the liver on arterial‐phase, gadolinium‐enhanced, gradient‐echo MRI, a reversible finding that improves with clinical improvement of the disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:838–842. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage of the knee: Comparison between fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional SPGR imaging, fat‐suppressed FSE imaging, and fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional DEFT imaging, and correlation with arthroscopy
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroshi , Stevens Kathryn , Hargreaves Brian A. , Steines Daniel , Genovese Mark , Dillingham Michael F. , Winalski Carl S. , Lang Philipp 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (C/N) in various MR sequences, including fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional spoiled gradient‐echo (SPGR) imaging, fat‐suppressed fast spin echo (FSE) imaging, and fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional driven equilibrium Fourier transform (DEFT) imaging, and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging sequences for detecting cartilage lesions in osteoarthritic knees, as compared with arthroscopy.Materials and MethodsTwo sagittal fat‐suppressed FSE images (repetition time [TR] / echo time [TE], 4000/13 [FSE short TE] and 4000/39 [FSE long TE]), sagittal fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional SPGR images (60/5, 40° flip angle), and sagittal fat‐suppressed echo‐planar three‐dimensional DEFT images (400/21.2) were acquired in 35 knees from 28 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. The S/N efficiencies (S/Neffs) of cartilage, synovial fluid, muscle, meniscus, bone marrow, and fat tissue, and the C/N efficiencies (C/Neffs) of these structures were calculated. Kappa values, exact agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined by comparison of MR grading with arthroscopic results.ResultsThe synovial fluid S/Neff on fat‐suppressed FSE short TE images, fat‐suppressed FSE long TE images, and fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional DEFT images showed similar values. Fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional DEFT images showed the highest fluid‐cartilage C/Neff of all sequences. All images showed fair to good agreement with arthroscopy (kappa, 0.615 in FSE short TE, 0.601 in FSE long TE, 0.583 in three‐dimensional SPGR, and 0.561 in three‐dimensional DEFT). Although the sensitivity of all sequences was high (100% in FSE short TE, FSE long TE, and DEFT; 96.7% in SPGR), specificity was relatively low (67.6% in FSE short TE and FSE long TE; 85.3% in SPGR; 58.3% in DEFT). The peripheral area of bone marrow edema or whole area of bone marrow edema on fat‐suppressed FSE images was demonstrated as low or iso‐signal intensity on fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional DEFT images.ConclusionFat‐suppressed three‐dimensional SPGR imaging and fat‐suppressed FSE imaging showed high sensitivity and high negative predictive values, but relatively low specificity. The Kappa value and exact agreement was the highest on fat‐suppressed FSE short TE images. Fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional DEFT images showed results similar to the conventional sequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:857–864. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of the mesial temporal lobe
Authors: Arslanoglu Atilla , Bonekamp David , Barker Peter B. , Horská Alena 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate variations in regional metabolite concentrations in the anterior mesial temporal lobe (ATL), and compare metabolite concentrations between the allocortex and neocortex using quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).Materials and MethodsMetabolite concentrations and ratios were measured in 20 healthy young subjects with the use of a multislice spin‐echo (SE) sequence (TR/TE = 2300/280 msec). Quantitation of MRSI data was performed by means of the phantom replacement methodology.ResultsThe highest choline (Cho) concentration (4.1 ± 1.1 mM) was found in the ATL (P = 0.0015 compared to the middle mesial temporal lobe (MTL), and P = 0.0008 compared to the posterior mesial temporal lobe (PTL)). The ATL also had a higher Cho/creatine (Cr) ratio and a lower N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA)/Cho ratio compared to other examined regions (P < 0.0001 and P ≤ 0.052, respectively). In the allocortical regions, the average Cho concentration (3.5 ± 0.8 mM) was 68% higher, and the NAA concentration (9.5 ± 1.8 mM) was 13% lower than in the neocortex (P < 10−6 and P < 0.008, respectively). Cho/Cr was 64% higher, NAA/Cr 14% lower, and NAA/Cho 47% lower in the allocortex than in the neocortex (P < 10−6, P = 0.013, and P < 10−6, respectively).ConclusionThe mesial temporal lobe shows high levels of Cho, which presumably reflect a difference in cellular composition between the allocortex and neocortex. Regional metabolite variations must be considered when pathological conditions involving the mesial temporal lobe are evaluated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:772–778. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the parotid gland: Influence of the choice of b‐values on the apparent diffusion coefficient value
Authors: Thoeny Harriet C. , De Keyzer Frederik , Boesch Chris , Hermans Robert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine how the ADC value of parotid glands is influenced by the choice of b‐values.Materials and MethodsIn eight healthy volunteers, diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging (DW‐EPI) was performed on a 1.5 T system, with b‐values (in seconds/mm2) of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500, 750, and 1000. ADC values were calculated by two alternative methods (exponential vs. logarithmic fit) from five different sets of b‐values: (A) all b‐values; (B) b = 0, 50, and 100; (C) b = 0 and 750; (D) b = 0, 500, and 1000; and (E) b = 500, 750, and 1000.ResultsThe mean ADC values for the different settings were (in 10−3 mm2/second, exponential fit): (A) 0.732 ± 0.019, (B) 2.074 ± 0.084, (C) 0.947 ± 0.020, (D) 0.890 ± 0.023, and (E) 0.581 ± 0.021. ADC values were significantly (P < 0.001) different for all pairwise comparisons of settings (A–E) of b‐values, except for A vs. D (P = 0.172) and C vs. D (P = 0.380). The ADC(B) was significantly higher than ADC(C) or ADC(D), which was significantly higher than ADC(E). ADC values from exponential vs. logarithmic fit (P = 0.542), as well as left vs. right parotid gland (P = 0.962), were indistinguishable.ConclusionThe ADC values calculated from low b‐value settings were significantly higher than those calculated from high b‐value settings. These results suggest that not only true diffusion but also perfusion and saliva flow may contribute to the ADC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:786–790. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changing prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes: Molecular epidemiology and clinical implications in the hepatitis C virus hyperendemic areas and a tertiary referral center in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Dai Chia‐Yen , Hou Cheng , Wang Jing‐Houng , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Huang Jee‐Fu , Lin Zu‐Yau , Hsieh Ming‐Yuh , Tsai Jung‐Fa , Wang Liang‐Yen , Chang Wen‐Yu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo determine the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution in Taiwan and to clarify the relationship between genotype and the pathogenesis of HCV infection, 1,164 subjects positive for serum HCV antibodies and HCV RNA from three HCV hyperendemic areas (Masago, Tzukuan, and Taoyuan) and a tertiary referral center in Taiwan were studied during 1995–1997. HCV genotypes and viral loads were determined using Okamoto's method and branched DNA assay, respectively. Genotype 1b was the most prevalent in Tzukuan (61.9%), Taoyuan (76.9%), and the referral center (47.0%). By contrast, genotype 2a was the major HCV type in Masago (63.5%). Prevalence of genotype 1b positively and that of genotype 2a negatively correlated to age, regardless of study populations (P < 0.01). Based on multivariate analysis, the significant factors associated with the presence of cirrhosis, with or without hepatocellular carcinoma, in chronic hepatitis C patients were genotype 1b and age. In conclusion, these results underline that independent HCV outbreaks continue in HCV hyperendemic areas in Taiwan, concomitant with a changing relative prevalence of HCV genotypes in relation to age. Both the correlation of genotype 1b with age (cohort effect) and intrinsic properties of HCV genotypes are probably responsible for the association between genotype and the pathogenesis of HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 65:58–65, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No mutations of SAP/SH2D1A/DSHP and perforin genes in patients with Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Japan
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Okamura Akiko , Yosioka Mikio , Ishiguro Nobuhisa , Kikuta Hideaki , Kobayashi Kunihiko 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRecently, mutations of two genes, SAP/SH2D1A/DSHP and perforin genes, have been identified in two fatal inherited lymphoproliferative diseases, X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, respectively. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome, a fulminant non‐inherited T‐cell lymphoproliferative disease, is relatively common in Japan and is extremely difficult to distinguish from X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, especially in sporadic cases, because of similarities in clinical and laboratory features. Mutation analysis was carried out of samples obtained from 14 patients with EBV‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome by sequencing the genomic SAP/SH2D1A/DSHP and perforin genes. However, a specific mutation was not identified in either of the genes, suggesting that mutations of the SAP/SH2D1A/DSHP and perforin genes are not responsible for the pathogenesis of EBV‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 65:358–361, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adverse effect of the CCR5 promoter −2459A allele on HIV‐1 disease progression
Authors: Knudsen Troels B. , Kristiansen Thomas B. , Katzenstein Terese L. , Eugen‐Olsen Jesper 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHIV positive individuals heterozygous for a 32 basepair deletion in the CCR5 encoding gene (CCR5 Δ32) have a reduced number of CCR5 receptors on the cell surface and a slower progression towards AIDS and death. Other human polymorphisms, such as the CCR2 64I and the CCR5 promoter −2459 A/G transition that has been discovered recently, have also been shown to influence HIV progression. Since genetic linkages make these polymorphisms interdependent variables, the aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate the effect on HIV disease progression for each of these mutations independently. Genotypes were determined in 119 individuals enrolled in the Copenhagen AIDS Cohort. When including the concurrent effects of the CCR5 Δ32 and CCR2 64I mutations, homozygous carriers of the CCR5 promoter −2459A allele had a significantly faster progression towards death than heterozygous A/G individuals (P = 0.03), whereas this adverse effect was not significant when comparing A/A and G/G individuals. However, independent analysis revealed a significant adverse effect of the CCR5 promoter −2459A allele. Homozygous carriers of the −2459A allele that lack the protective effects of the CCR5 Δ32 and CCR2 64I mutations were found to have a median survival of 6.0 years, whereas carriers of the −2459G allele had a median survival of 9.4 years (P < 0.01). J. Med. Virol. 65:441–444, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic analysis of new hepatitis B virus isolates from Nigeria supports endemicity of genotype E in West Africa*
Authors: Odemuyiwa Solomon O. , Mulders Mick N. , Oyedele Oluseyi I. , Ola Samuel O. , Odaibo Georgina N. , Olaleye David O. , Muller Claude P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIsolates of hepatitis B viruses were collected from 20 acute and chronic hepatitis patients in a highly endemic region of Nigeria. Sequencing classified the isolates to the ayw4, as they all contained the amino acid variations characteristic for that serotype. In the pre‐S2 region of five isolates, three to seven amino acids were deleted, suggesting that immune escape mutations previously associated only with chronic HBV infection may be observed also in acute disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete pre‐S2/S (large S) genes (831 nt) demonstrated that all the viruses belonged to the same genotype E. So far, no isolates of genotype E have been found in any other region of the world, including the Americas. This may suggest a relatively recent introduction of this genotype into humans and would explain the relatively low genetic diversity of viruses belonging to this genotype. One genotype E virus had been found previously in a chimpanzee, and viruses belonging to the CHIMP genotype are related to other genotype E viruses. These findings are compatible with a transmission of genotype E viruses from chimpanzees to humans. J. Med. Virol. 65:463–469, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.