bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of active pedagogies in architectural design studios: post-pandemic adaptation
Authors: Kassem Amany , Farghaly Yasser , Hany Nermine 
Published: December 2023

Background: Architectural design studio courses are the core of architecture education where learners collaborate, brainstorm, and share their ideas to obtain the most beneficial outcome in a shared creative environment. The COVID-19 crisis has brought a variety of amendments in the architecture education world which therefore introduced a vast number of challenges to both architecture students and tutors. Since the beginning of 2020, all architecture universities from all over the world started to depend thoroughly on remote learning and according to previous studies, the majority of the students were highly satisfied with online learning when it came to architectural theoretical courses; however, the most challenging part was the architecture studio courses. Such interference lead to an educational shift from a physical interactive studio environment to a remote learning environment which caused a heated debate among the researchers. Hence, the study aims to test the architecture studio pedagogies in order to obtain an efficient and interactive studio environment leading to more satisfactory outcomes regarding the studio courses. Methods: Two questionnaire surveys were distributed online on google docs to both the studio courses staff members and students at the AAST Campus in Alexandria, Egypt at the end of the 15th week of the course and collected three weeks later. A comparative analysis of the individual and the collaborative phase for both surveys was anonymously achieved through the online forms for an unbiased active learning and pedagogical approaches assessment. Results: The survey results of 73 students and 13 staff participants emphasized the most beneficial active learning criteria and architecture pedagogies to be used for architectural studio courses. Conclusion: According to the results, the study will propose updated active learning guidelines for architectural design studio courses adapting to any emergency.
The Descent–Ascent Algorithm for DC Programming
Authors: D’Alessandro Pietro , Gaudioso Manlio , Giallombardo Giovanni , Miglionico Giovanna 
Published: December 2023

We introduce a bundle method for the unconstrained minimization of nonsmooth difference-of-convex (DC) functions, and it is based on the calculation of a special type of descent direction called descent–ascent direction. The algorithm only requires evaluations of the minuend component function at each iterate, and it can be considered as a parsimonious bundle method as accumulation of information takes place only in case the descent–ascent direction does not provide a sufficient decrease. No line search is performed, and proximity control is pursued independent of whether the decrease in the objective function is achieved. Termination of the algorithm at a point satisfying a weak criticality condition is proved, and numerical results on a set of benchmark DC problems are reported. History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms – Continuous. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0142 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0142 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
A Colonização da Adolescência e sua Subversão pela Psicanálise
Authors: Pereira Samuel , Maesso Márcia 
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo possui o objetivo de, a partir de uma investigação teórica de textos sociais e psicanalíticos, analisar como a adolescência aparece, na modernidade, como um privilegiado produto político da colonização. Associamos à emergência dessa idade da vida, a biopolítica e a necropolítica, sendo a primeira um conceito de Michel Foucault e a segunda, de Achille Mbembe. Igualmente, analisamos como que o significante "adolescência" é interceptado por diferentes significados violentos, os quais deslocam-se inversamente e abaixo da cadeia de significantes, e que aprisionam os adolescentes em sentidos colonizadores, impondo-lhes um processo de destituição subjetiva. Recorremos às contribuições de Glória Anzaldúa e do psicanalista Jacques Lacan, para indicar uma outra identidade adolescente possível a qual prima pela proposição de novos significados e pelo deslocamento metonímico do significante, opondo-se àquela forjada pela colonização. Assim, indicamos como que a Psicanálise pode ser uma opção viável para a subversão da colonização da adolescência, privilegiando o sujeito e o desejo.
Neguentropia Algorítmica e a Gestão Digital do Gozo
Authors: Nobre Márcio , Lima Nádia , Iannini Gilson 
Published: December 2023

O algoritmo digital permitiu o manejo de dados dos usuários da web pelos conglomerados informacionais. De forma discreta e personalizada, a nova forma de governamentalidade coleta, organiza, permuta e devolve os dados ao próprio indivíduo na forma de mais informações. Cada vez mais, esbarra na dimensão singular, tocando o campo do gozo via proliferação de objetos a que, na teoria lacaniana dos discursos, assume a dupla função de perda e de incessante tentativa de suplementação de gozo. Com o incremento informacional, o objeto chega ao ápice social e o digital alcança patamar discursivo. Inserindo-se no mesmo nicho do saber, a informação digital se aproveita da divisão subjetiva, deixando pouco espaço para que o sujeito possa lidar com a entropia de seu gozo via desejo. Se a neguentropia é o atributo do saber que limita a dispersão de gozo, na informação tratada e retornada algoritmicamente tal processo sofre uma aceleração, agindo diretamente sobre a economia dos afetos. Com prejuízo para o sujeito, resta uma experiência de gozo cada vez mais direta, crua, menos mediatizada pelo saber e pelo Outro.
As epidemias no Rio de Janeiro e a culpabilização das classes pobres na transição para a República
Authors: Martins Daniel Marcos 
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo, abordarei a situação das classes mais pobres diante dos problemas de epidemias no Rio de Janeiro, no fim do Segundo Reinado e início do Período Republicano. Analisarei como as autoridades responsáveis lidavam com a situação e quais mentalidades foram desenvolvidas a fim de dar conta dos novos problemas gerados pelas “misteriosas epidemias". Quais problemas sociais podem ser observados na relação da elite fazendeira com as camadas mais pobres? Qual foi o avanço da ciência e como o discurso Higienista atingiu a população? O que os jornais da época falavam sobre as epidemias, os imigrantes e as classes pobres? São pontos que pretendo tratar para desenvolver um senso crítico acerca da relação social das classes e da apropriação dos discursos sobre as diversas doenças que assolavam o Rio de Janeiro.
Rare synchronous colorectal carcinoma with three pathological subtypes: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Li Fang , Zhao Bin , Zhang Lei , Chen Guo-Qing , Zhu Li , Feng Xiao-Ling , Yao Hui , Tang Xue-Feng , Yang Hua , Liu Yong-Qiang 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Synchronous colorectal carcinomas (SCRC) are two or more primary colorectal carcinomas identified simultaneously or within 6 mo of the initial presentation in a single patient. Their incidence is low and the number of pathological types of SCRC is usually no more than two. It is very unusual that the pathological findings of a patient with SCRC show more than two different pathological subtypes. Here, we report a rare case of SCRC with three pathological subtypes.
CASE SUMMARY
A 75-year-old woman who had no previous medical history or family history was admitted to the hospital because of intermittent hematochezia for more than a month. Colonoscopy displayed an irregularly shaped neoplasm of the rectum, a tumor-like lesion causing intestinal stenosis in the descending colon, and a polypoidal neoplasm in the ileocecum. Subsequently, she underwent total colectomy, abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer, and ileostomy. After operation, the pathological report showed three pathological subtypes including well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the descending colon, and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum. She is now recovering well and continues to be closely monitored during follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative colonoscopy examination, imaging examination, and extensive intraoperative exploration play important roles in reducing the number of missed lesions.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma mimics thoracic empyema: A case report
Authors: Yao Ya-Hsin , Kuo Yen-Shou 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Thoracic empyema and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are distinct medical conditions with similar symptoms, including cough, chest pain, and breathing difficulty. We present a rare MPM case mimicking thoracic empyema. Physicians must consider MPM risks for patients exposed to building material who exhibit lobulated pleural effusions, indicating thoracic empyema.
CASE SUMMARY
A 68-year-old retired male construction worker suffered from shortness of breath and chest tightness over 10 d, particularly during physical activity. A poor appetite and 4 kg weight loss over the past 3 wk were also reported. Chest images and laboratory data concluded a tentative impression of empyema thoracis (right). Video-assisted thoracic surgery with decortication and delobulation (right) was conducted. The pathological report yielded an MPM diagnosis. Refractory pleural bilateral effusions and respiratory failure developed postoperatively, and the patient died three weeks after the operation.
CONCLUSION
Thoracic empyema and MPM are distinct medical conditions that can present similar symptoms, and video-assisted thoracic surgery facilitates an accurate diagnosis. Empyema-mimicking presentations and postoperative refractory pleural effusion may indicate a poor MPM outcome.
Burnout syndrome and anxiety among healthcare workers during global pandemics: An umbrella review
Authors: Bey Clayton Yang Teng , Koh Jin-Uu , Lai Christopher Wai Keung 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Burnout syndrome and anxiety are two mental health symptoms experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) that can be exacerbated during pandemics due to increased job demands and the global health workforce crisis.
AIM
To provide a comprehensive review and summary of evidence on burnout and anxiety in HCWs during previous global pandemics.
METHODS
A systematic search on electronic databases such as PubMed Central and MEDLINE was conducted to identify high-quality systematic review studies that reported on the prevalence of burnout and/or anxiety in HCWs during any previous global pandemic.
RESULTS
Twenty-four high quality systematic review articles were found to be suitable for inclusion. Twenty articles focused merely on Coronavirus disease 2019, while four articles examined multiple pandemics. Burnout was examined in nine articles, while anxiety was examined in the remaining 21 articles. Female HCWs and nurses were identified to be at a higher risk of developing burnout and anxiety during pandemic. We also observed a variation in the prevalence of burnouts and anxiety across different studies due to different mental health instruments were used in different studies.
CONCLUSION
Nurses and females HCWs had a high prevalence of burnout syndrome and anxiety during pandemic. More emphasis and attention should be paid to safeguarding the psychological well-being of these at-risk populations in the future pandemics.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surgical activity in the Brazilian private healthcare system
Authors: Degani Costa Luiza Helena , Yepes Pereira Barbara , Queiros Castro Isabela , Werneck Heitor , Mizubuti Glenio B. , Falcão Luiz Fernando dos Reis 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Surgical volume was drastically reduced in many countries due to challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives
We sought to estimate the number of cancelled surgical and diagnostic procedures within the Brazilian private healthcare system between 2020 and 2021 over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to project the procedural backlog generated for specific elective and time-sensitive surgeries, and diagnostic procedures.

Methods
Data were systematically extracted from the Brazilian national regulatory agency for the private healthcare system and included (i) quarterly and annual surgical and diagnostic volume, and (ii) the number of private health insurance beneficiaries between January 2016 and June 2021. Based on pre-pandemic data we estimated the expected number of surgical and diagnostic procedures that failed to be performed between 2020 and 2021.

Results
The average quarterly surgical and diagnostic procedures declined by 29.5% in 2020 and by 21.5% in 2021 compared to 2019. In 2020, such reduction reflected a lower number of diagnostic procedures under anesthesia (-35.1%), as well as elective (-14.7%), time-sensitive (-18.8%), and urgent (-4.6%) surgeries. In the first half of 2021, though the surgical and diagnostic procedures increased compared to 2020, they remained significantly below their historical average. The estimated backlogs were 134.385,64 for total surgical procedures, 2.634,64 for bariatric surgery and arthroplasty revision (elective surgeries), 2.845,61 for oncologic (time-sensitive) surgeries, and 304.193,99 for diagnostic procedures, requiring 1.7, 15.9, and 6.8 years, respectively, to make up for such backlogs.

Conclusion
There was a major decline on the number of surgical and diagnostic procedures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a slight recovery of elective surgeries throughout the pandemic, many time-sensitive surgeries and diagnostic procedures were cancelled, with potential medium- to long-term consequences to patients and the system as a whole.
Performance of the cobas EZH2 mutation test on clinical samples from non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Shyu Johnny Y. , Schlag Peter A. , Karwowska Sylwia M. , Manohar Chitra F. , Truong Huan M. , Longshore John W. , Zhang Guili 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To present the technical verification and clinical validation of the companion diagnostic assay, cobas® EZH2 Mutation Test (cobas EZH2 Test), targeting gain-of-function EZH2 mutations in follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The focus is on patient clinical samples proving that the test met the performance criteria required for FDA approval of a companion diagnostic test.

Design
Epizyme, Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., and Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., collaborated to develop the cobas EZH2 Test on an RT-PCR platform. The assay design needed to detect the gain-of-function EZH2 mutations found in FL and DLBCL indications. Thus, the test was optimized for investigational purposes in a clinical trial setting. Part of its technical verification included testing of patient tumor samples with a documented diagnosis of FL and DLBCL procured from commercial vendors, and the clinical validation used patient samples from the Epizyme clinical study. Both the technical performance verification method correlation study (104 clinical commercially acquired samples) and the clinical validation accuracy study (341 patient samples from the therapeutic study) used next-generation sequencing as a reference method to establish true vs. false results by cobas EZH2 Test. The reproducibility study used a 15-member panel of DNA samples with varying EZH2 mutation status from procured clinical FL and DLBCL patient samples under multiple variables.

Results
Single and rare, infrequent double EZH2 mutations were detected in FL and DLBCL samples. Agreements between results from cobas EZH2 and sequencing were >98% from commercial clinical samples and from the therapeutic study clinical samples.
The reproducibility study obtained 178 to 180 valid results for each panel member, with an overall invalid rate of 0.37%. The agreement for each per panel member was 100%.

Conclusion
cobas EZH2 Test data demonstrated that the test is reliable and will perform well in a commercial customer environment.
Testing a new platform to screen disease-modifying therapy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lord Sandra M. , Bahnson Henry T. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Liljenquist David R. , Virostko John , Speake Cate 
Published: December 2023

Studies of new therapies to preserve insulin secretion in early type 1 diabetes require several years to recruit eligible subjects and to see a treatment effect; thus, there is interest in alternative study designs to speed this process. Most people with longstanding type 1 diabetes no longer secrete insulin. However, studies from pancreata of those with longstanding T1D show that beta cells staining for insulin can persist for decades after diagnosis, and this is paralleled in work showing proinsulin secretion in individuals with longstanding disease; collectively this suggests that there is a reserve of alive but “sleeping” beta cells. Here, we designed a novel clinical trial platform to test whether a short course of therapy with an agent known to have effects in type 1 diabetes with residual endogenous insulin could transiently induce insulin secretion in those who no longer produce insulin. A therapy that transiently “wakes up” sleeping beta cells might be tested next in a fully powered trial in those with endogenous insulin secretion. In this three-arm non-randomized pilot study, we tested three therapies known to impact disease: two beta-cell supportive agents, liraglutide and verapamil, and an immunomodulatory agent, golimumab. The golimumab treated arm was not fully enrolled due to uncertainties about immunotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants had mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT)-stimulated C-peptide below the quantitation limit (<0.02 ng/mL) at enrollment and received 8 to 12 weeks of therapy. At the completion of therapy, none of the individuals achieved the primary outcome of MMTT-stimulated C-peptide ≥ 0.02 ng/mL. An exploratory outcome of the verapamil arm was MRI-assessed pancreas size, diffusion, and longitudinal relaxation time, which showed repeatability of these measures but no treatment effect. The liraglutide and golimumab arms were registered on clinicaltrials.gov under accession number NCT03632759 and the verapamil arm under accession number NCT05847413.
Trail registration: Protocols are registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under accession numbers NCT03632759 and NCT05847413.
Improving the availability of antihypertensive drugs in the India Hypertension Control Initiative, India, 2019–2020
Authors: Kunwar Abhishek , Kaur Prabhdeep , Durgad Kiran , Parasuraman Ganeshkumar , Sharma Meenakshi , Gupta Sudhir , Bhargava Balram ,   on behalf of "India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) collaboration
Published: December 2023

Background
Antihypertensive drug supply is sometimes inadequate in public sector health facilities in India. One of the core strategies of the India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) is to improve the availability of antihypertensive drugs in primary and secondary care facilities. We quantified the availability of antihypertensive drugs in 2019–20 and described the practices in supply chain management in 22 districts across four states of India.

Methods
Twenty-two districts from 4 states (Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, and Maharashtra) were studied. We described the practices and challenges in supply chain management. We collected data on drug procurement from 2018 to 2020 and drug availability from April 2019 to March 2020. Quantity procured, the proportion of facilities with stockout at the end of each quarter, and availability of drugs in patient days were tabulated.

Results
All states selected drug- and dose-specific protocols with Amlodipine as the initial drug and shifted to morbidity-based forecasting. The total number of antihypertensive tablets procured for the 22 districts increased from 16 million in 2017–2018 to 160 million in 2019–2020. The proportion of facilities with Amlodipine stock-out was below 5% during the study period. Amlodipine stock was available for at least 60 patient days from the third quarter of 2019 onward in all districts.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that including best practices can gradually strengthen the procurement and supply chain for antihypertensives in a low-resource setting. As the program was rapidly growing, there were still gaps in the procurement and distribution system which needed to be addressed to ensure the adequacy of drugs. We recommend that best practices, including choosing a single protocol, basing supply on projected patient load rather than an increment from historical levels, and using simple stock management tools, be replicated in other districts in India to increase and sustain coverage of hypertension treatment.
Transcriptomic meta-analysis reveals ERRα-mediated oxidative phosphorylation is downregulated in Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: Zhang Xunzhi , Kumar Ashwani , Sathe Adwait A. , Mootha V. Vinod , Xing Chao 
Published: December 2023

Background
Late-onset Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a degenerative disease of cornea and the leading indication for corneal transplantation. Genetically, FECD patients can be categorized as with (RE+) or without (RE-) the CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the transcription factor 4 gene. The molecular mechanisms underlying FECD remain unclear, though there are plausible pathogenic models proposed for RE+ FECD.

Method
In this study, we performed a meta-analysis on RNA sequencing datasets of FECD corneal endothelium including 3 RE+ datasets and 2 RE- datasets, aiming to compare the transcriptomic profiles of RE+ and RE- FECD. Gene differential expression analysis, co-expression networks analysis, and pathway analysis were conducted.

Results
There was a striking similarity between RE+ and RE- transcriptomes. There were 1,184 genes significantly upregulated and 1,018 genes significantly downregulated in both RE+ and RE- cases. Pathway analysis identified multiple biological processes significantly enriched in both—mitochondrial functions, energy-related processes, ER-nucleus signaling pathway, demethylation, and RNA splicing were negatively enriched, whereas small GTPase mediated signaling, actin-filament processes, extracellular matrix organization, stem cell differentiation, and neutrophil mediated immunity were positively enriched. The translational initiation process was downregulated in the RE+ transcriptomes. Gene co-expression analysis identified modules with relatively distinct biological processes enriched including downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly. The majority of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunit genes, as well as their upstream regulator gene estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA), encoding ERRα, were downregulated in both RE+ and RE- cases, and the expression level of ESRRA was correlated with that of OXPHOS subunit genes.

Conclusion
Meta-analysis increased the power of detecting differentially expressed genes. Integrating differential expression analysis with co-expression analysis helped understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. FECD RE+ and RE- transcriptomic profiles are much alike with the hallmark of downregulation of genes in pathways related to ERRα-mediated OXPHOS.