bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developments in Rotating Wing Aircraft
Authors: Hafner Raoul 
Published: October 2023

Raoul Hafner came to this country in 1932 and continued his earlier helicopter experiments with the successful design and construction in 1937 of the Hafner AR. Ill Gyroplane. He is now Chief Designer of the Helicopter Department of the Bristol Aeroplane Company.This paper was read in the first instance on 6th March, 1945 before The Bristol Branch of The Royal Aeronautical Society, and subsequently to a joint meeting of The Society of Licenced Aircraft Engineers and The Helicopter Association on the 27th April, 1946.
Helicopter Research and Development
Authors: Pullin C G 
Published: October 2023

Ladies and Gentlemen, I feel that an introduction to our lecturer this afternoon is hardly necessary, as I am sure he is well known to most of you, but perhaps one or two may not be so well acquainted either with his background, or his work in rotating wing aircraftMr Pullin is the Managing Director and Chief Designer of the Cierva Autogiro Co Ltd, a Founder Memb2r of our Association, a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and a Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers He has been actively engaged in the research and development of rotary wing aircraft since 1932, but his interest in aviation goes back to pre-1914 when he learnt to fly at Brooklands in the good old days He has been engaged in engineering for about 30 years, covering in this time, several of its different branches
Airscrew Characteristics and Aeroplane Performance Prediction
Authors: Blyth J D 
Published: October 2023

IN approaching any problem in Aerodynamics the student, and the severely practical engineer, whose academic knowledge may be limited, are too frequently confronted with two difficulties The first of these is that though the literature on the subject is extensive, yet the information sought usually has to be collected from a number of sources and the second is that when found the information is frequently presented in such a manner as to be of little immediate practical value without a certain amount of simplificationThe object of this paper is to collate and present in an immediately useful form the information contained in parts of the following publications
Antarctic Ice Sheet Freshwater Discharge Drives Substantial Southern Ocean Changes Over the 21st Century
Authors: Gorte Tessa , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Nissen Cara , Lenaerts Jan T. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultidecadal satellite observations indicate that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is losing mass at an accelerating rate, which has the potential to impact many aspects of the climate system. While previous studies demonstrated the importance of AIS freshwater (FW) discharge for regional and global climate processes using climate model experiments, many have applied unrealistic FW forcings. Here, we explore potential Southern Ocean (SO) impacts of realistic AIS mass loss over the 21st century in the Community Earth System Model version 2 by applying observation‐based historical and ice sheet model‐based future AIS FW forcing. The added FW reduces wintertime deep convective area by 72% while retaining 83% more sea ice. Congruent with other studies, we find the increased FW discharge extensively impacts local and remote SO surface and subsurface temperature and stratification. These results demonstrate the necessity of accounting for AIS mass loss in global climate models for projecting future climate.
Constraining Historical Earthquake Sequences With Coulomb Stress Models: An Example From Western Türkiye
Authors: Diercks M.‐L. , Mildon Z. K. , Boulton S. J. , Hussain E. , Alçiçek M. C. , Yıldırım C. , Aykut T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKnowledge of earthquake source faults is crucial for the calculation of robust Coulomb stress models. However, source faults are often poorly constrained, especially for pre‐instrumental events, and these historical earthquakes are commonly studied with little or no consideration of other nearby events. We introduce an approach using Coulomb Stress Transfer (CST) modeling to investigate historical earthquake sequences and constrain possible source faults. Using historical and instrumental records from the Büyük Menderes Graben, western Türkiye, we create an ensemble of earthquake sequences featuring multiple rupture scenarios for individual earthquakes, and model both coseismic and interseismic CST. We filter and evaluate the models based on criteria to gain knowledge on historical earthquakes and their source faults and assess the current stress state and related seismic hazard of the investigated fault network. For our study area, the results provide further constraints on the source faults of several historical earthquakes, including the destructive MW 7.0 earthquake in 1899. The approach presented herein is applicable to other tectonically active areas where the causative faults of historical earthquakes are poorly constrained from existing data sets (e.g., paleoseismology, damage records), providing a new tool to help decipher historical earthquake sequences and improve modeling studies.
Analysis and Application of the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Fields, and Dispersion Relation in an Elliptical Chiro Plasma Waveguide Immersed in Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Gholamshahi N. , Abdoli‐Arani A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research proposes and investigates an elliptical waveguide filled with chiro plasma as its core and magnetized plasma as its clad region. The clad region is in the constant infinite magnetic field, and its direction is the same as the wave propagation in the chiro plasma elliptical waveguide. The electromagnetic wave propagation in the considered waveguide is studied. The expressions for electromagnetic field components in the chiro plasma core and magnetized plasma cladding are derived. The dispersion relations for the hybrid modes are calculated considering appropriate boundary conditions at the chiro plasma and magnetized plasma interface. The behavior of the energy flux and the dispersion curves are numerically and graphically studied. It is seen that the magnitude of the power density decreases with the increase of the cyclotron frequency and it increases with the increase of the plasma frequency and supports power flow in the backward direction for the considered mode. Furthermore, it is shown higher values of the chirality parameter cause the magnitude of the power flux to increase in the backward direction.
A human-machine collaborative approach measures economic development using satellite imagery
Authors: Ahn Donghyun , Yang Jeasurk , Cha Meeyoung , Yang Hyunjoo , Kim Jihee , Park Sangyoon , Han Sungwon , Lee Eunji , Lee Susang , Park Sungwon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMachine learning approaches using satellite imagery are providing accessible ways to infer socioeconomic measures without visiting a region. However, many algorithms require integration of ground-truth data, while regional data are scarce or even absent in many countries. Here we present our human-machine collaborative model which predicts grid-level economic development using publicly available satellite imagery and lightweight subjective ranking annotation without any ground data. We applied the model to North Korea and produced fine-grained predictions of economic development for the nation where data is not readily available. Our model suggests substantial development in the country’s capital and areas with state-led development projects in recent years. We showed the broad applicability of our model by examining five of the least developed countries in Asia, covering 400,000 grids. Our method can both yield highly granular economic information on hard-to-visit and low-resource regions and can potentially guide sustainable development programs.
Knowledge-driven design of solid-electrolyte interphases on lithium metal via multiscale modelling
Authors: Wagner-Henke Janika , Kuai Dacheng , Gerasimov Michail , Röder Fridolin , Balbuena Perla B. , Krewer Ulrike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to its high energy density, lithium metal is a promising electrode for future energy storage. However, its practical capacity, cyclability and safety heavily depend on controlling its reactivity in contact with liquid electrolytes, which leads to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In particular, there is a lack of fundamental mechanistic understanding of how the electrolyte composition impacts the SEI formation and its governing processes. Here, we present an in-depth model-based analysis of the initial SEI formation on lithium metal in a carbonate-based electrolyte. Thereby we reach for significantly larger length and time scales than comparable molecular dynamic studies. Our multiscale kinetic Monte Carlo/continuum model shows a layered, mostly inorganic SEI consisting of LiF on top of Li2CO3 and Li after 1 µs. Its formation is traced back to a complex interplay of various electrolyte and salt decomposition processes. We further reveal that low local Li+ concentrations result in a more mosaic-like, partly organic SEI and that a faster passivation of the lithium metal surface can be achieved by increasing the salt concentration. Based on this we suggest design strategies for SEI on lithium metal and make an important step towards knowledge-driven SEI engineering.
RNA-based translation activators for targeted gene upregulation
Authors: Cao Yang , Liu Huachun , Lu Shannon S. , Jones Krysten A. , Govind Anitha P. , Jeyifous Okunola , Simmons Christine Q. , Tabatabaei Negar , Green William N. , Holder Jimmy. L. , Tahmasebi Soroush , George Alfred L. , Dickinson Bryan C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTechnologies capable of programmable translation activation offer strategies to develop therapeutics for diseases caused by insufficient gene expression. Here, we present “translation-activating RNAs” (taRNAs), a bifunctional RNA-based molecular technology that binds to a specific mRNA of interest and directly upregulates its translation. taRNAs are constructed from a variety of viral or mammalian RNA internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) and upregulate translation for a suite of target mRNAs. We minimize the taRNA scaffold to 94 nucleotides, identify two translation initiation factor proteins responsible for taRNA activity, and validate the technology by amplifying SYNGAP1 expression, a haploinsufficiency disease target, in patient-derived cells. Finally, taRNAs are suitable for delivery as RNA molecules by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to cell lines, primary neurons, and mouse liver in vivo. taRNAs provide a general and compact nucleic acid-based technology to upregulate protein production from endogenous mRNAs, and may open up possibilities for therapeutic RNA research.
FHL1 promotes chikungunya and o’nyong-nyong virus infection and pathogenesis with implications for alphavirus vaccine design
Authors: Ng Wern Hann , Liu Xiang , Ling Zheng L. , Santos Camilla N. O. , Magalhães Lucas S. , Kueh Andrew J. , Herold Marco J. , Taylor Adam , Freitas Joseph R. , Koit Sandra , Wang Sainan , Lloyd Andrew R. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Merits Andres , Almeida Roque P. , King Nicholas J. C. , Mahalingam Suresh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArthritogenic alphaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that cause debilitating musculoskeletal diseases affecting millions worldwide. A recent discovery identified the four-and-a-half-LIM domain protein 1 splice variant A (FHL1A) as a crucial host factor interacting with the hypervariable domain (HVD) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). Here, we show that acute and chronic chikungunya disease in humans correlates with elevated levels of FHL1. We generated FHL1−/− mice, which when infected with CHIKV or o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) displayed reduced arthritis and myositis, fewer immune infiltrates, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine outputs, compared to infected wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, disease signs were comparable in FHL1−/− and WT mice infected with arthritogenic alphaviruses Ross River virus (RRV) or Mayaro virus (MAYV). This aligns with pull-down assay data, which showed the ability of CHIKV and ONNV nsP3 to interact with FHL1, while RRV and MAYV nsP3s did not. We engineered a CHIKV mutant unable to bind FHL1 (CHIKV-ΔFHL1), which was avirulent in vivo. Following inoculation with CHIKV-ΔFHL1, mice were protected from disease upon challenge with CHIKV and ONNV, and viraemia was significantly reduced in RRV- and MAYV-challenged mice. Targeting FHL1-binding as an approach to vaccine design could lead to breakthroughs in mitigating alphaviral disease.
Small leucine-rich proteoglycans inhibit CNS regeneration by modifying the structural and mechanical properties of the lesion environment
Authors: Kolb Julia , Tsata Vasiliki , John Nora , Kim Kyoohyun , Möckel Conrad , Rosso Gonzalo , Kurbel Veronika , Parmar Asha , Sharma Gargi , Karandasheva Kristina , Abuhattum Shada , Lyraki Olga , Beck Timon , Müller Paul , Schlüßler Raimund , Frischknecht Renato , Wehner Anja , Krombholz Nicole , Steigenberger Barbara , Beis Dimitris , Takeoka Aya , Blümcke Ingmar , Möllmert Stephanie , Singh Kanwarpal , Guck Jochen , Kobow Katja , Wehner Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after central nervous system (CNS) injury leads to inhibitory scarring in humans and other mammals, whereas it facilitates axon regeneration in the zebrafish. However, the molecular basis of these different fates is not understood. Here, we identify small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) as a contributing factor to regeneration failure in mammals. We demonstrate that the SLRPs chondroadherin, fibromodulin, lumican, and prolargin are enriched in rodent and human but not zebrafish CNS lesions. Targeting SLRPs to the zebrafish injury ECM inhibits axon regeneration and functional recovery. Mechanistically, we find that SLRPs confer mechano-structural properties to the lesion environment that are adverse to axon growth. Our study reveals SLRPs as inhibitory ECM factors that impair axon regeneration by modifying tissue mechanics and structure, and identifies their enrichment as a feature of human brain and spinal cord lesions. These findings imply that SLRPs may be targets for therapeutic strategies to promote CNS regeneration.
Enzymatic synthesis and nanopore sequencing of 12-letter supernumerary DNA
Authors: Kawabe Hinako , Thomas Christopher A. , Hoshika Shuichi , Kim Myong-Jung , Kim Myong-Sang , Miessner Logan , Kaplan Nicholas , Craig Jonathan M. , Gundlach Jens H. , Laszlo Andrew H. , Benner Steven A. , Marchand Jorge A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 4-letter DNA alphabet (A, T, G, C) as found in Nature is an elegant, yet non-exhaustive solution to the problem of storage, transfer, and evolution of biological information. Here, we report on strategies for both writing and reading DNA with expanded alphabets composed of up to 12 letters (A, T, G, C, B, S, P, Z, X, K, J, V). For writing, we devise an enzymatic strategy for inserting a singular, orthogonal xenonucleic acid (XNA) base pair into standard DNA sequences using 2′-deoxy-xenonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Integrating this strategy with combinatorial oligos generated on a chip, we construct libraries containing single XNA bases for parameterizing kmer basecalling models for commercially available nanopore sequencing. These elementary steps are combined to synthesize and sequence DNA containing 12 letters – the upper limit of what is accessible within the electroneutral, canonical base pairing framework. By introducing low-barrier synthesis and sequencing strategies, this work overcomes previous obstacles paving the way for making expanded alphabets widely accessible.
Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination
Authors: Mitsi Elena , Diniz Mariana O. , Reiné Jesús , Collins Andrea M. , Robinson Ryan E. , Hyder-Wright Angela , Farrar Madlen , Liatsikos Konstantinos , Hamilton Josh , Onyema Onyia , Urban Britta C. , Solórzano Carla , Belij-Rammerstorfer Sandra , Sheehan Emma , Lambe Teresa , Draper Simon J. , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Maini Mala K. , Ferreira Daniela M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRespiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral vaccination to generate sustained immunity in the lung mucosa, and how this is influenced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, is unknown. Here we show using bronchoalveolar lavage samples that donors with history of both infection and vaccination have more airway mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory B cells than those only vaccinated. Infection also induces populations of airway spike-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that are not expanded by vaccination alone. Airway mucosal T cells induced by infection have a distinct hierarchy of antigen specificity compared to the periphery. Spike-specific T cells persist in the lung mucosa for 7 months after the last immunising event. Thus, peripheral vaccination alone does not appear to induce durable lung mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2, supporting an argument for the need for vaccines targeting the airways.
Stapling strategy for slowing helicity interconversion of α-helical peptides and isolating chiral auxiliary-free one-handed forms
Authors: Ousaka Naoki , MacLachlan Mark J. , Akine Shigehisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn nature, α-helical peptides adopt right-handed conformations that are dictated by L-amino acids. Isolating one-handed α-helical peptides composed of only achiral components remains a significant challenge. Here, this goal is achieved by optical resolution of the corresponding racemic (quasi-)static α-helical peptide with double stapling, which effectively freezes the interconversion between the right-handed (P)- and left-handed (M)-α-helices. An as-obtained doubly stapled analogue having an unprotected L-valine residue at the C-terminus transforms from a kinetically trapped (M)-α-helix to a thermodynamically stable (P)-α-helix upon heating. In contrast, the corresponding singly stapled α-helical peptide undergoes an acid/base-triggered and solvent-induced reversible inversion of its preferred helicity within minutes. The interconversion rates of the singly and doubly stapled α-helical peptide foldamers are approximately 106 and 1012 times slower, respectively, than that of a non-stapled dynamic helical peptide. Therefore, the enantiopure doubly-stapled (quasi-)static α-helical peptide would retain its optical activity for several years at 25 °C.
Learning diffractive optical communication around arbitrary opaque occlusions
Authors: Rahman Md Sadman Sakib , Gan Tianyi , Deger Emir Arda , Işıl Çağatay , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFree-space optical communication becomes challenging when an occlusion blocks the light path. Here, we demonstrate a direct communication scheme, passing optical information around a fully opaque, arbitrarily shaped occlusion that partially or entirely occludes the transmitter’s field-of-view. In this scheme, an electronic neural network encoder and a passive, all-optical diffractive network-based decoder are jointly trained using deep learning to transfer the optical information of interest around the opaque occlusion of an arbitrary shape. Following its training, the encoder-decoder pair can communicate any arbitrary optical information around opaque occlusions, where the information decoding occurs at the speed of light propagation through passive light-matter interactions, with resilience against various unknown changes in the occlusion shape and size. We also validate this framework experimentally in the terahertz spectrum using a 3D-printed diffractive decoder. Scalable for operation in any wavelength regime, this scheme could be particularly useful in emerging high data-rate free-space communication systems.
Redox signaling-driven modulation of microbial biosynthesis and biocatalysis
Authors: Chen Na , Du Na , Shen Ruichen , He Tianpei , Xi Jing , Tan Jie , Bian Guangkai , Yang Yanbing , Liu Tiangang , Tan Weihong , Yu Lilei , Yuan Quan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrobial communication can drive coordinated functions through sensing, analyzing and processing signal information, playing critical roles in biomanufacturing and life evolution. However, it is still a great challenge to develop effective methods to construct a microbial communication system with coordinated behaviors. Here, we report an electron transfer triggered redox communication network consisting of three building blocks including signal router, optical verifier and bio-actuator for microbial metabolism regulation and coordination. In the redox communication network, the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox signal can be dynamically and reversibly transduced, channeling electrons directly and specifically into bio-actuator cells through iron oxidation pathway. The redox communication network drives gene expression of electron transfer proteins and simultaneously facilitates the critical reducing power regeneration in the bio-actuator, thus enabling regulation of microbial metabolism. In this way, the redox communication system efficiently promotes the biomanufacturing yield and CO2 fixation rate of bio-actuator. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that this redox communication strategy is applicable both in co-culture and microbial consortia. The proposed electron transfer triggered redox communication strategy in this work could provide an approach for reducing power regeneration and metabolic optimization and could offer insights into improving biomanufacturing efficiency.
Electrochemical halogen-atom transfer alkylation via α-aminoalkyl radical activation of alkyl iodides
Authors: Sun Xiang , Zheng Ke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlkyl halides, widely recognized as important building blocks and reagents in organic synthesis, can serve as versatile alkyl radical precursors in radical-based transformations. However, generating alkyl radicals directly from unactivated alkyl halides under mild conditions remains a challenge due to their extremely low reduction potentials. To address this issue, α-aminoalkyl radicals were employed as efficient halogen-atom transfer (XAT) reagents in the photoredox activation of unactivated alkyl halides. Here, we report an effective electrooxidation strategy for generating alkyl radicals from unactivated alkyl iodides via an electrochemical halogen-atom transfer (e-XAT) process under mild conditions. The α-aminoalkyl radicals generated by anodic oxidation are demonstrated to be efficient XAT reagents in these transformations. This facile electricity-driven strategy obviates the need for sacrificial anodes and external chemical oxidants. The method successfully applies to a wide variety of alkyl iodides, including primary, secondary, and tertiary, as well as structurally diverse olefins, exhibiting excellent functional group tolerance. Moreover, we further demonstrate the utility of this strategy by rapidly functionalizing complex molecules and biomolecules.