bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions
Authors: Rubegni Pietro , Cevenini Gabriele , Burroni Marco , Perotti Roberto , Dell'Eva Giordana , Sbano Paolo , Miracco Clelia , Luzi Pietro , Tosi Piero , Barbini Paolo , Andreassi Lucio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince advanced melanoma remains practically incurable, early detection is an important step toward a reduction in mortality. High expectations are entertained for a technique known as dermoscopy or epiluminescence light microscopy; however, evaluation of pigmented skin lesions by this method is often extremely complex and subjective. To obviate the problem of qualitative interpretation, methods based on mathematical analysis of pigmented skin lesions, such as digital dermoscopy analysis, have been developed. In the present study, we used a digital dermoscopy analyzer (DBDermo‐Mips system) to evaluate a series of 588 excised, clinically atypical, flat pigmented skin lesions (371 benign, 217 malignant). The analyzer evaluated 48 parameters grouped into 4 categories (geometries, colors, textures and islands of color), which were used to train an artificial neural network. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the neural network and to check it during the training process, we used the error area over the receiver operating characteristic curve. The discriminating power of the digital dermoscopy analyzer plus artificial neural network was compared with histologic diagnosis. A feature selection procedure indicated that as few as 13 of the variables were sufficient to discriminate the 2 groups of lesions, and this also ensured high generalization power. The artificial neural network designed with these variables enabled a diagnostic accuracy of about 94%. In conclusion, the good diagnostic performance and high speed in reading and analyzing lesions (real time) of our method constitute an important step in the direction of automated diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in murine 5T33 multiple myeloma cells by interaction with bone marrow endothelial cells
Authors: Van Valckenborgh Els , Bakkus Marleen , Munaut Carine , Noël Agnes , St. Pierre Yves , Asosingh Kewal , Van Riet Ivan , Van Camp Ben , Vanderkerken Karen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMM is a B‐cell malignancy mainly characterized by monoclonal expansion of plasma cells in the BM, presence of paraprotein in serum and occurrence of osteolytic bone lesions. MMPs are a family of proteolytic enzymes that can contribute to cancer growth, invasion, angiogenesis, bone degradation and other processes important in the pathogenesis of MM. We investigated MMP‐9 production in the 5T33MM murine model. Expression of MMP‐9 protein in supernatant and cell extracts was analyzed by gelatin zymography. The in vitro, stroma‐independent variant 5T33MMvt showed no protein expression of MMP‐9 in contrast to in vivo growing MM cells, 5T33MMvv. However, when 5T33MMvt cells were injected into naive mice and isolated after tumor take (5T33MMvt‐vv), they secreted a significant amount of MMP‐9. These results were confirmed by specific staining of cytospins with an anti‐MMP‐9 antibody. The MMP‐9 production by 5T33MMvt‐vv cells disappeared when the cells were recultured in vitro. These data demonstrated that upregulation of MMP‐9 occurs in vivo and that this process is dependent on the microenvironment. Cocultures of 5T33MMvt cells with STR10 BMECs induced MMP‐9 in MM cells, as determined by both gelatin zymography and flow‐cytometric analysis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MMP‐9 production by MM cells is upregulated in vivo by the interaction of MM cells with BMECs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteasome inhibitors reconstitute the presentation of cytotoxic T‐cell epitopes in Epstein‐Barr virus–associated tumors
Authors: Gavioli Riccardo , Vertuani Simona , Masucci Maria G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEBV‐infected cells and EBV‐associated tumors may evade CTL recognition by defective antigen processing, resulting in poor presentation of CTL epitopes. Since the proteasome is the major source of MHC class I–presented peptides, we analyzed the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the expression of surface HLA class I and the generation of EBV‐derived CTL epitopes presented by the HLA‐A2 and HLA‐A11 alleles. Treatment with covalent and reversible inhibitors of the proteasome partially reduced the total and allele‐specific expression of surface HLA class I in EBV‐carrying LCLs. HLA‐A2 expression was also decreased by treatment with leupeptin and bestatin, while HLA‐A11 expression was affected by treatment with phenanthroline. Despite their general inhibitory effect on HLA class I expression, all proteasome inhibitors tested enhanced the presentation of 2 subdominant HLA‐A2 epitopes from EBV LMP1 and LMP2, while the presentation of the immunodominant HLA‐A11‐restricted epitope from EBNA4 was inhibited by MG132 and lactacystin and increased by ZL3VS. Treatment with ZL3VS restored the presentation of endogenously expressed EBNA4 in 1 HLA‐A11‐positive BL cell line. These findings suggest that specific inhibitors of the proteasome may be used to increase the antigenicity of virus‐infected and malignant cells that are per se inefficient at generating particular CTL target epitopes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The kinetics of the visible growth of a primary melanoma reflects the tumor aggressiveness and is an independent prognostic marker: A prospective study
Authors: Grob Jean Jacques , Richard Marie Aleth , Gouvernet Johany , Avril Marie Françoise , Delaunay Michèle , Wolkenstein Pierre , Souteyrand Pierre , Bonerandi Jean Jacques , Machet Laurent , Guillaume Jean Claude , Chevrant‐Breton Jacqueline , Vilmer Catherine , Aubin François , Guillot Bernard , Beylot‐Barry Marie , Lok Catherine , Raison‐Peyron Nadia , Chemaly Philippe ,   Groupe de Cancérologie Cutanée, Société Francaise de Dermatologie, France
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrimary melanoma (MM) could be a good model to test an intuitive concept: a cancer that is growing fast in its early phase is likely to have a high aggressiveness. Since MMs are visible tumors, many patients can provide information to indirectly assess the kinetics of their lesion. A prospective study was designed to assess if the kinetics of the visible growth of a primary MM, as described by the patient, could be a noninvasive prognostic marker. The ratio of MM thickness to delay between MM appearance and MM removal was used as a surrogate value for the kinetics of the MM growth. To assess the delay between MM appearance and removal, 362 patients with self‐detected invasive MM fulfilled a detailed questionnaire, which provided 2 types of estimations of this delay and thus 2 melanoma kinetics indexes (MKI and MKI*). After a median follow‐up of 4 years, univariate and multivariate analyses assessed whether relapse‐free survival was linked to MKI or MKI*. MKI was significantly predictive of relapse‐free survival (HR = 1.84 [1.51–2.25]) and relapse at 1 year (RR = 2.93 [1.84–4.69]), independently from Breslow thickness. MKI was retained in multivariate prognostic models, just after thickness and before other usual markers. MKI* was also a significant independent risk marker, although less predictive. In this model, the initial growth kinetics of a cancer reflects its aggressiveness and a high index predicts a short‐term relapse. The “subjective” data obtained from patients about their MM history, although usually neglected, can thus provide a better prognostic marker than many “objective” tests. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A BRCA1/2 mutation, high breast density and prominent pushing margins of a tumor independently contribute to a frequent false‐negative mammography
Authors: Tilanus‐Linthorst Madeleine , Verhoog Leon , Obdeijn Inge‐Marie , Bartels Karina , Menke‐Pluymers Marian , Eggermont Alexander , Klijn Jan , Meijers‐Heijboer Hanne , van der Kwast Theo , Brekelmans Cecile 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFemale BRCA1/2 mutation carriers develop in up to 50% breast cancer (BC) before age 50 years. We investigated whether the specific histologic features of BRCA1/2‐associated breast cancer influence imaging. We correlated the mammographic results with the histology of 34 BC in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and 34 sporadic cancers in patients, matched for age and year of diagnosis. Mammography was significantly more frequently false‐negative in carriers than controls (62% vs. 29% p = 0.01), despite comparable tumor size (mean ⊘ 1.51 vs. 1.75) and breast density (high 41% vs. 53%). The image in carriers was significantly less as spiculated mass (6 vs. 18 p = 0.01). Cancers of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had frequently higher mitotic counts (p < 0.0001) and prominent pushing margins around the tumor (p = 0.08) (p = 0.05 for 32 BRCA1). We also observed that prominent “pushing margins” correlated significantly with a false‐negative mammography (p = 0.005) and with a mammographic image of a smooth, not a spiculated, mass (p = 0.01). False‐negative mammography correlated independently with: BRCA1/2 mutation (p = 0.02), prominent pushing margins (p = 0.03) and high breast density (p = 0.01). MRI was carried out in 12 carriers, had 100% sensitivity and detected 5 cancers, still occult at physical examination and mammography. A BRCA1/2 mutation and high breast density at mammography contribute independently to false‐negative mammography results. In mutation carriers any mammographic mass must be regarded with suspicion. Pushing margins of the tumor partly explain these results. For early BC detection in mutation carriers additional methods like MRI may be needed. This may not be necessary in other young women with breast symptoms. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Populations of the industrial world — a convergent demographic community?
Authors: Coleman D. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEurope's populations have emerged from a long period of demographic transition. The old demographic anciens regimes no longer exist. The end‐point of demographic transition is often assumed to be convergence to a new stable post‐transitional regime. Convergence in demographic characteristics among all European countries might be expected to follow their acquisition of common economic and social structures. Remaining differences would then merely reflect different positions on the same trajectory to a common statistical destination. However, socio‐economic convergence remains incomplete and cannot be assumed to bring uniform demographic responses in its wake. This paper measures demographic convergence in industrial societies to see if they are acquiring a common pattern. Despite some clear upper limits to demographic variables, for example fertility, in proportional terms international demographic variation remains high and is declining only slowly, if at all. Either the expectation of convergence is wrong, or we are looking for it too soon. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorption, disposition and metabolism of di‐isononyl phthalate (DINP) in F‐344 rats
Authors: McKee R. H. , El‐Hawari M. , Stoltz M. , Pallas F. , Lington A. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDi‐isononyl phthalate (DINP; CAS no. 68515‐48‐0) is a general‐purpose plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride. It produced liver and kidney effects when given to rodents at high oral doses, but there were no target organ effects in primates treated under similar conditions. To assist in understanding the basis for these species differences, the pharmacokinetic properties of DINP were evaluated in rodents following both oral and dermal administration. These studies demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic properties of DINP are similar to those of other high‐molecular‐weight phthalates. When orally administered to rodents, DINP is rapidly metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract to the corresponding monoester, absorbed and excreted, primarily in the urine. Shortly after administration, DINP is found primarily in liver and kidneys, but it does not persist or accumulate in any organ or tissue. It is very poorly absorbed from the skin, but once absorbed it behaves in the same way as the orally administered material. The results of these rodent studies contrast with data from studies involving humans or other primates, which indicate low absorption at low oral doses and much more limited total absorption at high doses. It appears that many, if not all, of the effects of DINP in rodent studies are associated with internal doses that would be difficult, if not impossible, to achieve in humans under any circumstances. Thus, the results of rodent studies may not be very useful in assessing the potential risks to humans from high‐molecular‐weight phthalates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloroquine poisoning in Zimbabwe: a toxicoepidemiological study
Authors: Ball D. E. , Tagwireyi D. , Nhachi C. F. B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChloroquine is commonly implicated in pharmaceutical poisonings in Zimbabwe. A retrospective hospital record review was performed to describe the epidemiology of chloroquine poisoning compared with that of other medicines. All records of admissions to eight referral hospitals in Zimbabwe due to poisoning with single pharmaceutical agents were collated and separated into those involving either chloroquine or other medicines. Case characteristics were compared and a retrospective cohort study performed to investigate the association of pregnancy with chloroquine overdose. Of 544 cases, antimalarials accounted for the largest proportion of admissions (53.1%), with chloroquine accounting for 96.2% (279 cases) of these. The latter were compared with the remaining 265 cases. The median length of hospital stay for the chloroquine group was significantly lower (1 vs 2 days; P = 0.001) and a greater proportion of patients took chloroquine deliberately (80.3% vs 68.7%; P < 0.05). The mortality rate due to chloroquine poisoning was significantly higher than that of poisoning due to other drugs (5.7% vs 0.7%; P < 0.0001). There was no significant gender bias in mortality. Women of childbearing age admitted with chloroquine poisoning (188 cases) were twice as likely to be found pregnant (relative risk = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.5) than similar women admitted due to other medicines (157 cases).In conclusion, chloroquine is the most common cause of pharmaceutical poisoning admission at referral hospitals in Zimbabwe. It is normally taken deliberately with significant mortality. In women of childbearing age admitted with chloroquine poisoning, pregnancy should be suspected. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The roles of types XII and XIV collagen in fibrillogenesis and matrix assembly in the developing cornea
Authors: Young Blanche B. , Zhang Guiyun , Koch Manuel , Birk David E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCorneal transparency depends on the architecture of the stromal extracellular matrix, including fibril diameter, packing, and lamellar organization. The roles of collagen types XII and XIV in regulation of corneal fibrillogenesis and development were examined. The temporal and spatial expression patterns were analyzed using semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR, in situ hybridization, Western analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Expression of types XII and XIV collagens in cornea development demonstrated that type XII collagen mRNA levels are constant throughout development (10D‐adult) while type XIV mRNA is highest in early embryonic stages (10D–14D), decreasing significantly by hatching. The spatial expression patterns of types XII and XIV collagens demonstrated a homogeneous signal in the stroma for type XIV collagen, while type XII collagen shows segregation to the sub‐epithelial and sub‐endothelial stroma during embryonic stages. The type XII collagen in the anterior stroma was an epithelial product during development while fibroblasts contributed in the adult. Type XIV collagen expression was highest early in development and was absent by hatching. Both types XII and type XIV collagen have different isoforms generated by alternative splicing that may alter specific interactions important in fibrillogenesis, fibril–fibril interactions, and higher order matrix assembly. Analysis of these splice variants demonstrated that the long XII mRNA levels were constant throughout development, while the short XII NC3 mRNA levels peaked early (12D) followed by a decrease. Both type XIV collagen NC1 splice variants are highest during early stages (12D–14D) decreasing by 17D of development. These data suggest type XII collagen may have a role in development of stromal architecture and maintenance of fibril organization, while type XIV collagen may have a role in regulation of fibrillogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 208–220, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the intermolecular interaction between CH3OCH3, CF3OCH3, CF3OCF3, and CH4: High levelab initiocalculations
Authors: Urata Shingo , Tsuzuki Seiji , Mikami Masuhiro , Takada Akira , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Sekiya Akira 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe intermolecular interaction energies of the CH3OCH3CH4, CF3OCH3CH4, and CF3OCF3CH4systems were calculated byab initiomolecular orbital method with the electron correlation correction at the second order Møller–Plesset perturbation (MP2) method. The interaction energies of 10 orientations of complexes were calculated for each system. The largest interaction energies calculated for the three systems are −1.06, −0.70, and −0.80 kcal/mol, respectively. The inclusion of electron correlation increases the attraction significantly. It gains the attraction −1.47, −1.19, and −1.27 kcal/mol, respectively. The dispersion interaction is found to be the major source of the attraction in these systems. In the CH3OCH3CH4system, the electrostatic interaction (−0.34 kcal/mol) increases the attraction substantially, while the electrostatic energies in the other systems are not large. Fluorine substitution of the ether decreases the electrostatic interaction, and therefore, decreases the attraction. In addition the orientation dependence of the interaction energy is decreased by the substitution. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1472–1479, 2002
Effects of three types of potentially biasing information on symptom severity judgments for major depressive episode
Authors: Mumma Gregory H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo experiments examined the effects of potentially biasing information on judgments of symptom severity pertaining to the diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE). In both experiments, clinicians viewed videotapes of two actor‐simulated patients responding to questions from a standardized diagnostic interview. In Study 1, an expectancy effect was found for both patients such that prior information about a clear‐cut history of depression resulted in lower rated severity of current symptoms. In addition, a halo effect was observed for one patient in Study 1 and both patients in Study 2: Clear‐cut depressive nonverbal behavior (DNVB) resulted in greater rated severity for symptoms that should not have been affected (e.g., appetite/weight change, suicidal ideation). Clear‐cut versus near‐threshold information for the two essential criteria for MDE did not affect subsequent judgments in either study. Implications for diagnostic interviewing are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1327–1345, 2002.
Community sector and gender differences in the perception of community‐based prevention
Authors: Riggs Nathaniel R. , Feinberg Mark E. , Greenberg Mark T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCommunity‐based collaborative prevention often relies on the cooperation of individuals from different community sectors. The attitudes of those associates regarding certain domains of collaborative prevention may influence the degree to which this collaboration is successful. The current study is an analysis of the attitudes of 196 designated leaders (key leaders) in 21 communities of the Pennsylvania Communities That Care (CTC) Project. Questions examined include whether key leaders differ by community sector and/or gender in their perceptions of prevention‐related issues. ANOVAs were carried out to determine whether there were such group differences, and results demonstrate that collaborators do in fact vary by both community sector and gender with respect to their attitudes toward domains related to prevention. One implication is that differences in these attitudes should be recognized when establishing and constructing collaborative boards. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defining the nature of participation in rural Australian communities: A qualitative approach
Authors: Coakes Sheridan J. , Bishop Brian J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWithin the literature, theories and analyses of social involvement or participation have focussed primarily on the political and formal role of participation within the community or neighborhood. This study illustrates, through qualitative inquiry, that within small rural communities, individuals find it difficult to separate formal and informal participation, when both have an equally important role to play in community life. Fifty‐five structured interviews were conducted with women across six rural shires in the southwest region of Western Australia. Qualitative analysis revealed that approximately 50% of women, when asked about their involvement in their community, referred initially to their informal participation within the community, rather than their participation in formal community groups or associations. These results are discussed in relation to life in small rural towns. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device to the urinary bladder: Sonographic findings
Authors: Mahmutyazıcıoğlu Kamran , Özdemir Hüseyin , Özkan Perihan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMigration of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) to the urinary bladder is very rare. We describe a case in which transabdominal sonography demonstrated such migration of an IUD in a 30‐year‐old woman who sought treatment for pelvic pain and dysuria. The IUD had originally been inserted 10 years earlier, and the patient had given birth without complications 2 years before the onset of her symptoms. Cytoscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis and allowed removal of the IUD. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:496–498, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10098
Melanoma development and pigment cell transformation in xiphophorus
Authors: Wellbrock Claudia , Gómez Ana , Schartl Manfred 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs early as 1927, it was recognised that hybridisation of platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) and swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri) results in offspring that develop tumours according to Mendelian laws. Most obviously, the primary event, namely the cell lineage‐specific overexpression of a structurally altered receptor tyrosine kinase, finds its parallel in many tumours of birds and mammals. Once expressed at high levels, this receptor, the Xiphophorus melanoma inducing receptor kinase Xmrk, shows constitutive activation. By using different pathways, Xmrk induces both proliferative as well as anti‐apoptotic signalling in pigment cells finally leading to cell transformation, tumour induction, and progression. Analyses of the different signalling cascades induced by the Xmrk‐receptor led to the identification of the src‐kinase Fyn, the MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2, the “Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription” STAT5, and the PI3‐kinase as its major downstream substrates. This review describes some of the genetic findings, as well as the results from the recent molecular analyses of the factors involved in the initiation and manifestation of pigment cell transformation and melanoma development in Xiphophorus. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:456–463, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.