bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing self‐reported expenditures on gambling
Authors: Volberg Rachel A. , Gerstein Dean R. , Christiansen Eugene M. , Baldridge John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEstimates of the proportion of gambling revenues derived from problem gamblers represent an important element in the rational calculus of public gambling policy. However, a critical concern in calculating such estimates is the accuracy of self‐reported expenditure data. In this paper, we review an emerging literature on estimating the proportion of expenditures from problem gamblers for different types of gambling, with a focus on the relationship between self‐reported estimates and known spending. We then examine recent national survey data pertaining to this matter. After detailing several of the challenges in the effort to assess self‐reported expenditures on different types of gambling, we recommend some methodological improvements that can be made in response to these problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of immobility on sensory and motor symptoms of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Michaud Martin , Lavigne Gilles , Desautels Alex , Poirier Gaétan , Montplaisir Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is defined by an irresistible need to move associated with leg paresthesia. Two additional features are essential for diagnosis: (1) worsening of symptoms at rest with temporary relief by activity, and (2) worsening of symptoms during the evening and/or during the night. The suggested immobilization test (SIT) has been developed to evaluate the presence of these criteria. This test quantifies leg movements and leg discomfort during a 1‐hour period of immobility prior to bedtime. We used the SIT to evaluate the effects of immobility on leg discomfort and leg movements experienced by 19 patients with RLS and 19 control subjects. Results show that immobility significantly worsens both leg discomfort and periodic leg movements (PLM) in patients with RLS but not in controls. Patients with RLS showed a higher leg discomfort score (32.6 ± 15.1 mm vs. 5.7 ± 7.9 mm; P < 0.00001), a greater maximum leg discomfort value (63.4 ± 27.4 mm vs. 13.7 ± 23.0 mm; P < 0.00001) and a greater PLM index (88.4 ± 62.6 vs. 10.4 ± 20.6; P < 0.00004) than control subjects. These results further validate the use of the SIT as a diagnostic and research tool for RLS and confirm the contention of the International RLS study group that RLS symptoms worsen at rest. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Perceived stigma in Spasmoic Torticollis
Authors: Papathanasiou Ilias , MacDonald Lea , Whurr Renata , Jahanshahi Marjan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLittle is known about the “stigmatizing” effects of Spasmodic Torticollis—a condition that produces physical disfigurement. This is important in understanding the social dimensions of this disorder. This study examined the presence, the dimensions, and the degree of perceived stigma in patients with Spasmodic Torticollis. The study was completed in two stages. In the first stage, ten patients were interviewed to identify the effects of their condition on their social interactions. In the second stage, a self‐rating measure of stigma and questions about the impact of the condition on the patients' lives were devised. Perceived stigma was defined as avoidance of others, avoidance by others, self‐consciousness, feeling unattractive, feeling apologetic, and feeling different from others. The questionnaires were sent to one hundred patients. The majority of the patients perceived “some” or “severe” stigma. Stigma was found to affect the patients' social, private, and working lives. It is suggested that stigma in Spasmodic Torticollis needs to be considered as a parameter relevant to the clinical management of these patients. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Association of REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease may reflect an underlying synucleinopathy
Authors: Boeve Bradley F. , Silber Michael H. , Ferman Tanis J. , Lucas John A. , Parisi Joseph E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur objective was to examine whether rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder occurs in disproportionally greater frequency in multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), collectively known as the synucleinopathies, compared to other nonsynucleinopathy neurodegenerative disorders.In study 1, we reviewed the clinical records of 398 consecutive patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester for parkinsonism and/or cognitive impairment. The frequency of suspected and polysomnogram (PSG)‐confirmed REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) among subjects with the synucleinopathies MSA, PD, or DLB was compared to the frequency among subjects with the nonsynucleinopathies Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). In study 2, we reviewed the clinical records of 360 consecutive patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic Jacksonville for parkinsonism and/or cognitive impairment. The frequency of probable RBD among patients with PD and DLB was compared to the frequency among patients with AD and MCI. In study 3, we reviewed the brain biopsy or postmortem autopsy diagnoses of 23 Mayo Clinic Rochester patients who had been clinically examined for possible RBD and a neurodegenerative disorder.In study 1, patients with MSA, PD, or DLB were more likely to have probable and PSG‐confirmed RBD compared to subjects with the nonsynucleinopathies (probable RBD 77/120=64% vs. 7/278=3%, p < 0.01; PSG‐confirmed RBD 47/120=39% vs. 1/278=0%, p < 0.01). In study 2, patients with PD and DLB were more likely to have probable RBD compared to those with AD and MCI (56% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). In study 3, of the 23 autopsied patients who had been questioned about possible RBD, 10 were clinically diagnosed with RBD. The neuropathologic diagnoses in these 10 included Lewy body disease in nine, and MSA in one. Of the other 13 cases, 12 did not have a history suggesting RBD, and the one case who did had normal electromyographic atonia during REM sleep on PSG and autopsy findings of PSP. Only one of these 13 had a synucleinopathy. The positive predictive values for RBD indicating a synucleinopathy for studies 1–3 were 91.7%, 94.3%, and 100.0%, respectively.Clinically suspected and PSG‐proven RBD occurs with disproportionally greater frequency in MSA, PD, and DLB compared to other neurodegenerative disorders. In the setting of degenerative dementia and/or parkinsonism, we hypothesize that RBD is a manifestation of an evolving synucleinopathy. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Novel observations with FDOPA‐PET imaging after early nigrostriatal damage
Authors: Yee R.E. , Irwin I. , Milonas C. , Stout D.B. , Huang S‐C. , Shoghi‐Jadid K. , Satyamurthy N. , Delanney L.E. , Togasaki D.M. , Farahani K.F. , Delfani K. , Janson A.M. , Phelps M.E. , Langston J.W. , Barrio J.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStriatal 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐DOPA (FDOPA) kinetic rate constants were measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐treated squirrel monkeys. After scanning, stereological counts of dopaminergic neurons were done in substantia nigra, and dopamine (DA) and metabolite concentrations were determined in the caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra. Graded doses of MPTP produced animals with mild to moderate reductions (10–35%) in dopaminergic neurons, where the percent of cell loss was proportional to the amount of MPTP given. Striatal DA and metabolite concentrations were relatively unchanged in animals given 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg of MPTP, but were significantly reduced after 2.0 mg/kg of MPTP. All animals injected with a single dose of MPTP showed no overt signs of parkinsonism. In contrast, DA and metabolite concentrations in the substantia nigra were significantly reduced for all MPTP‐treated animals. Reduction of dopaminergic indices in the substantia nigra did not parallel reductions in the striatum, indicating differential sensitivity of the nigrostriatal pathway to the neurotoxic effects of MPTP. The percent change in FDOPA uptake (Ki) and decarboyxlation (k3) after MPTP showed significant positive correlations to striatal DA levels, but not to the number of dopaminergic neurons. This suggests that FDOPA is a good index of striatal DA levels. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Riluzole therapy in cervical dystonia
Authors: Müller Jörg , Wenning Gregor K. , Wissel Jörg , Baldauf Angelika , Seppi Klaus , Brenneis Christian , Poewe Werner 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe conducted a 6‐week open‐label pilot study with blinded video rating of riluzole (50 mg twice a day) in six patients with cervical dystonia (CD) refractory to botulinum toxin A and oral pharmacological treatment. The Tsui rating scale served as primary efficacy measure and improved significantly under riluzole (P = 0.002). In three of six patients, the Tsui score improved by more than 30% with a greater 50% reduction in the head tremor/jerk subscore of the Tsui scale. These data suggest that riluzole may be helpful in a subgroup of patients with disabling CD refractory to other therapies. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging during deep brain stimulation: A pilot study in four patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Jech Robert , Urgošík Dušan , Tintěra Jaroslav , Nebuželský Antonín , Krásenský Jan , Liščák Roman , Roth Jan , Růžička Evžen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in patients with Parkinson's disease during deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (three patients) and during deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermedius nucleus of the thalamus (one patient). All showed an increase in blood oxygenation level‐dependent signal in the subcortical regions ipsilateral to the stimulated nucleus. This effect cannot be simply explained by a mechanism of depolarization blockade; rather, it is caused by overstimulation of the target nucleus, resulting in the suppression of its spontaneous activity. We confirm that fMRI during deep brain stimulation is a safe method with considerable potential for elucidating the functional connectivity of the stimulated nuclei. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Chemical genomics: Functional analysis of orphan nuclear receptors in the regulation of bile acid metabolism
Authors: Willson Timothy M. , Jones Stacey A. , Moore John T. , Kliewer Steven A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChemical genomics is the name we have given to the analysis of gene function through use of small molecule chemical tools. Orphan nuclear receptors are ideally suited to this technique of functional analysis, since their activity as transcription factors is regulated by small hydrophobic ligands. GW4064 is a potent and selective nonsteroidal ligand for the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR (NR1H4). Using GW4064 as a chemical tool, we have identified genes regulated by FXR in the liver, including those involved in bile acid synthesis and transport. We have also discovered that PXR (NR1I2) is a lithocholic acid receptor that controls the biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids. Together FXR and PXR cooperate to control biliary and urinary bile acid excretion. These functions suggest that potent PXR and FXR ligands may offer a new approach to the treatment of cholestatic liver disease. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 6, 513–522, 2001
Lymphedema and microsurgery
Authors: Campisi C. , Boccardo F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLymphedema is often diagnosed by its characteristic clinical presentation. In some cases, however, instrumental investigations are necessary to establish the diagnosis, particularly in early stages of the disease. One of the primary problems for microsurgery in treating lymphedema consists of the discrepancy between the excellent technical possibilities and the insufficient results in reduction of lymphedematous tissue fibrosis and sclerosis. Long‐term results indicate that microsurgical operations have a valuable place in the treatment of obstructive lymphedema (primary or secondary) and should be the treatment of choice in these patients. Improved results can be expected with earlier microsurgical operations because patients referred earlier usually have less lymphatic disruption and fibrotic tissue. Advanced diagnostic methods and improvements in operation techniques have modified indications for surgical therapy of lymphedema. This article systematically reviews the published literature on the microsurgical treatment of lymphedema to the present. © 2002 Wiley Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:74–80 2002
Restoration of fertility in oophorectomized rats after tubo‐ovarian transplantation
Authors: Wang Xiang , Bilolo Kupa K. , Qi Shijie , Xu Dasheng , Jiang Wenlei , Vu Minh Diem , Chen Huifang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImproved microsurgical techniques for en bloc vascularized adnexal isograft in the rat is described. The graft of the right ovary together with its fallopian tube and upper third of uterus was transplanted orthotopically with end‐to‐side anastomoses between the donor aortic segment and recipient aorta and between the donor vena cava segment and recipient inferior vena cava, with end‐to‐end anastomosis of the donor and recipient uterus in a syngeneic, bilaterally oophorectomized rat. All transplantations were successful in terms of immediate vascular patency rate (10/10, 100%). Evidence of resumed ovarian function was obtained in 9 out of 10 rats (9/10, 90.0%) by histological demonstration of the vaginal smear, in which pregnancies were achieved in six rats (6/10, 60.0%) and six litters of healthy offspring were delivered 9 weeks later after transplantation. These results suggest that microsurgical ovarian transplantation provide a new and potential experimental model for the study of fertility restoration in humans. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:30–33 2002 DOI 10.1002/micr.22006
Long‐time convergence of solutions to a phase‐field system
Authors: Aizicovici Sergiu , Feireisl Eduard , Issard‐Roch Françoise 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe prove that any global bounded solution of a phase field model tends to a single equilibrium state for large times though the set of equilibria may contain a nontrivial continuum of stationary states. The problem has a partial variational structure, specifically, only the elliptic part of the first equation represents an Euler–Lagrange equation while the second does not. This requires some modifications in comparison with standard methods used to attack this kind of problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐phase flow in composite poroelastic media
Authors: Showalter R. E. , Momken Bahareh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mathematical formulation and analysis of the Barenblatt–Biot model of elastic deformation and laminar flow in a heterogeneous porous medium is discussed. This describes consolidation processes in a fluid‐saturated double‐diffusion model of fractured rock. The model includes various degenerate cases, such as incompressible constituents or totally fissured components, and it is extended to include boundary conditions arising from partially exposed pores. The quasi‐static initial–boundary problem is shown to have a unique weak solution, and this solution is strong when the data are smoother. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflection model for calculation of the impulse response on IR‐wireless indoor channels using ray‐tracing algorithm
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Silvestre , Pérez Jiménez Rafael , López Hernández Francisco J. , González Hernández Oswaldo B. , Ayala Alfonso Alejandro J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a simulation tool for the fast calculation of the impulse response on infrared (IR) wireless indoor channels. We used Phong's model to approximate the reflection pattern of the indoor surfaces upon which a Monte Carlo ray‐tracing method allows us to evaluate the impulse response. We also present computer simulation results showing that the use of Phong's model can lead to differences with respect to Lambert's model in the evaluation of the impulse response when surfaces present a high specular component. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 296–300, 2002.
Multipole theory analysis of axisymmetric modes in rotationally symmetric cavities
Authors: Zheng Qinhong , Yi Jidong , Zeng Hua , Xie Fuyao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new approach, the multipole theory (MT) method, is described for the computation of axisymmetric modes (TE0 and TM0 modes) in rotationally symmetric cavities. The MT formulation of the eigenvalue problem related to the resonant frequencies is derived. Representative computational examples, including dual‐mode conductor‐loaded cavity filters and a cavity loaded with an inner conductor of complex shape, are given to validate the theory and to demonstrate the degree of its efficiency. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 412–415, 2001.
A new transmission‐line model based on LMIM for order reduction of high‐speed IC interconnect analysis
Authors: Li Hong‐Ru , Li Zheng‐Fan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel transmission‐line model of high‐speed IC interconnects is presented based on the linear multistep integral method (LMIM), which has the same form as the RLC circuit equation. Using this method, one can expediently analyze the time response of interconnection networks by the order‐reduction algorithm, keeping higher accuracy and efficiency. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 436–438, 2001.
Interpolation of translation matrix in MLFMA
Authors: Song Jiming , Chew Weng Cho 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe translation matrix for the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) in an FISC (fast Illinois solver code) is calculated directly, and the complexity is O(N3/2), where N is the number of unknowns. For a problem with a small electrical size, the CPU time for calculating the translation matrix can be negligible. But for large problems, the calculation time increases significantly. In this paper, we use interpolation to calculate the translation matrix, and the complexity is reduced to O(N). Different interpolation techniques are tested, and it is found that the Lagrange polynomial interpolation with high sampling rates is the best. The saving factor is 10 for the VFY218 at 4 GHz. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 109–114, 2001.
Modeling propagation for high‐power cylindrical microwave applicators
Authors: Stuerga D. , Calmels A. , Pribetich P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this letter, the dispersion characteristics and energy configurations of a cylindrical partially filled waveguide or lossy multilayered rod shielded by a metallic enclosure are presented for several modes. These parameters are obtained by a numerical simulation based on the residues theory. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 192–195, 2001.
New design scheme for multiple‐pump Raman fiber amplifiers using a simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Yan Minhui , Chen Jianping , Jiang Wenning , Li Jianlang , Chen Junfeng , Li Xin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA simulated annealing algorithm is adopted to design multiple‐pump Raman fiber amplifiers. A demonstration of the optical fiber Raman amplifier using five laser diode pumps with different wavelengths and powers is presented. The automatic configuration of the pump gives an amplification bandwidth of more than 50 nm (64 signal channels), with a fluctuation of less than 1.8 dB. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 434–436, 2001.
Suppression of interactions between two solitons propagating in optical fiber in the presence of randomly varying birefringence
Authors: Li Hong , Wang D. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn fiber with randomly varying birefringence, the interactions between solitons in the same polarization channel and in two orthogonal polarization channels are investigated by the use of numerical simulations. The results obtained show that the interaction between solitons in the same polarization channel is weaker than that of solitons in two orthogonal polarization channels. The strong interaction leads to soliton splitting and soliton propagation instability, and the randomly varying birefringence enhances the interaction. A nonlinear gain combined with the filter can be used to effectively suppress the interactions and stabilize the soliton propagation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 50–53, 2001.
Motor nervous pathway function is impaired after treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A study with motor evoked potentials*
Authors: Harila‐Saari Arja H. , Huuskonen Usko E.J. , Tolonen Uolevi , Vainionpää Leena K. , Lanning B. Marjatta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to evaluate whether motor nervous pathways are affected when patients are treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureThirty‐two children with ALL were studied at the end of treatment by means of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by magnetic stimulation (MS) transcranially and peripherally and underwent a detailed neurological examination. Thirty‐two healthy children matched with them for age, sex, and height served as a control group.ResultsThe latencies of the MEPs were significantly prolonged along the entire motor nervous pathway in the patients with ALL compared with the healthy controls, indicating demyelination in the thick motor fibres. The MEP amplitudes of the distal extremities elicited by stimulation at the brachial plexus and LV spinal level were significantly lowered in the patients treated for ALL, also indicating anatomical or functional loss of descending motor fibres and/or muscle fibres. The MEP amplitudes elicited by cortical MS showed wider variation and no clear abnormalities were found. Neurological signs and symptoms were common after treatment: 41% of the patients had depressed deep tendon reflexes, 31% had fine motor difficulties and 63% gross motor difficulties, and 34% had dysdiadochokinesia. The conduction delay within the peripheral nerve was related to the post‐therapeutic interval after administration of vincristine and the lesions within the CNS to the number of injections of intrathecal methotrexate.ConclusionsThe present results show adverse effects of the ALL treatment on the entire motor nervous pathways. In our experience, the measurement of MEPs by MS provides an objective, painless, and practical tool for assessing the treatment‐related neurotoxicity in both the CNS and the peripheral nerves. These disturbances in the motor nervous pathways at the end of treatment raise the question of the long‐term effects of ALL treatment on the motor nerve tracts, and have led us to employ MEPs to study these effects in long‐term survivors of ALL. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:345–351, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.