bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of increased protein intake before pre-event on muscle fatigue development and recovery in female athletes
Authors: Ahmed Taghread Ahmed Elsayed , Seleem Heba Ali Ibrahim , Elsayed Ghada Mohamed Youssef , Kholif Marwa Ahmed Fadl , Abduljawad Rania Mohammed , Housen Nour Taha Ebrahem , Sofy Naglaa Mohamed Roby , Hady Hager Abdel 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Protein plays a vital role in facilitating muscle growth and also plays an important part in the optimal repair and recovery of the muscle after exercise. These benefits are achieved by consuming higher-protein diets. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of increased protein intake before the pre-event on muscle fatigue (MF) and ascertain if the increased protein intake before the pre-event contributes to improving recovery in female athletes.

Materials and Methods:
The experimental study was conducted at the Sports Academy for Basketball in Zagazig, Egypt, from July 2 to August 12, 2023. The study was conducted on 20 female basketball players (age: 16.65 ± 0.47 years; body height: 165.42 ± 3.09 cm; body mass: 59.68 ± 3.63 kg; training age: 2.44 ± 0.56 years). They were divided into two equally sized groups: The group with higher protein intake before the pre-event (HPP) and the group with normal protein intake before the pre-event (NPP) group. Both groups consumed the same dosage of protein (1.2 g/kg/day) as instructed (American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendation). Both groups performed the same training protocol, three times a week, over 6 weeks. All variables were assessed one week before the experimental program and after the 6-week training period. Data were collected using the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) to assess fatigue index (FI) and peak power (PP), and the Anaerobic Power Step Test to assess anaerobic capacity (AC). Moreover, changes in heart rate (HRC) to assess the recovery. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software with the descriptive statistical test. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The results showed that both groups made significant improvements in all variables (FI-PP-AC-HRC), but the HPP group had significantly greater improvements than the NPP group. The percentage of improvement ranged from 7% to 27% for the HPP group, versus 3% to 15% for the NPP group.

Conclusion:
The major conclusion drawn from this study was that increased protein intake before the pre-event has a positive impact on reducing MF development and enhancing recovery in female athletes.
Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome: A Rare Differential Diagnosis for Lumbar Radiculopathy – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Khan N. Firoz , Srivastava Abhishek , Vyas Navita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Entrapment neuropathy is mainly diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms. Often electrodiagnostic studies help in detecting the abnormalities in conduction velocity, latency, and amplitude and aid in diagnosis. There is a lack of guidelines on the management of entrapment neuropathies. However, in recent times, ultrasound-guided injections, hydrodissection, and pulsed radiofrequency ablation are being increasingly done. We present a case of a 40-year-old female presented with severe burning pain, tingling, and occasional numbness over the anterolateral aspect of the left leg radiating to the thigh and dorsum and the lateral aspect of the left foot for more than 1 and 1/2 years. Pain was gradual in onset, associated with occasional pins and needle sensation, followed by numbness over the dorsum of the foot. She took multiple medical opinions, consulted many doctors, and was advised for magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine, which showed mild annular and posterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level without significant nerve root compression, and was initially treated conservatively with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, gabapentinoids, muscle relaxants, and then underwent transforaminal epidural steroid injection and physical therapy. Since symptoms did not subside, she sought an opinion at our center for further management. On examination, she had tenderness over the left fibular head region with mild sensory loss over the lateral aspect of the left leg up to the dorsum of the foot and no associated motor weakness. With this clinical history, a provisional diagnosis of common peroneal neuropathy was made, and for confirming that, we ordered for an electromyography/nerve conduction velocity study, which was suggestive of left fascicular division common peroneal axonal neuropathy. We proceeded with ultrasound-guided hydrodissection of the common peroneal nerve with local anesthetic and steroid, which completely relieved her symptoms. This case is unique in describing the ability of ultrasonography as a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic modality in the treatment of common peroneal entrapment, which was misdiagnosed as lumbar radiculopathy. First-line treatments include removing anything that may be causing external compression and reducing inflammation. Accurate and timely diagnosis of any peroneal neuropathy is important to avoid the progression of nerve injury and permanent nerve damage.
Recent advances in immunotherapy targeting amyloid-beta and tauopathies in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sha Sha , Ren Lina , Xing Xiaona , Guo Wanshu , Wang Yan , Li Ying , Cao Yunpeng , Qu Le 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, primarily due to amyloid-beta protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation. Effectively reducing the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta42 aggregates and tau oligomers may help slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Conventional drugs, such as donepezil, can only alleviate symptoms and are not able to prevent the underlying pathological processes or cognitive decline. Currently, active and passive immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta and tau have shown some efficacy in mice with asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease and other transgenic animal models, attracting considerable attention. However, the clinical application of these immunotherapies demonstrated only limited efficacy before the discovery of lecanemab and donanemab. This review first discusses the advancements in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and active and passive immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta and tau proteins. Furthermore, it reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various immunotherapies and considers their future prospects. Although some antibodies have shown promise in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, substantial clinical data are still lacking to validate their effectiveness in individuals with moderate Alzheimer's disease.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI for neurodegenerative diseases: an update on clinical and preclinical studies
Authors: Saiyisan Ahelijiang , Zeng Shihao , Zhang Huabin , Wang Ziyan , Wang Jiawen , Cai Pei , Huang Jianpan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced imaging technique that enables the detection of compounds at low concentrations with high sensitivity and spatial resolution and has been extensively studied for diagnosing malignancy and stroke. In recent years, the emerging exploration of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for detecting pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases has opened up new possibilities for early detection and repetitive scans without ionizing radiation. This review serves as an overview of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging with detailed information on contrast mechanisms and processing methods and summarizes recent developments in both clinical and preclinical studies of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on peer-reviewed articles from the past 15 years relevant to clinical and preclinical applications. The findings suggest that chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to detect molecular changes and altered metabolism, which may aid in early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of neurodegenerative diseases. Although promising results have been observed in selected clinical and preclinical trials, further validations are needed to evaluate their clinical value. When combined with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods, chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging shows potential as an in vivo biomarker, enhancing the understanding of neuropathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.
XR-Pupillometry: A novel approach to pupillometry for clinical care and beyond
Authors: Sarker Prithul , Zaman Nasif , Ong Joshua , Waisberg Ethan , Lee Andrew G. , Tavakkoli Alireza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pupillometry is an emerging, noninvasive technique that measures pupil reactivity and provides deeper insights into ophthalmic and neurologic function. Extended reality (XR) technology has also emerged with powerful clinical capabilities in various medical specialties, particularly in neuro-ophthalmology functional testing. This article explores the use of XR technology in pupillometry. XR encompasses various immersive technologies, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. By integrating eye-tracking technology into these systems, precise measurements of ocular movements, including pupil dilation and constriction, can be obtained. We propose the term “XR-Pupillometry” to describe this novel approach. Our manuscript discusses the potential benefits and limitations of XR-Pupillometry and highlights its applications in various fields, including psychology, neuroscience, space research, and health care. We also provide an overview of existing devices and software available for XR-Pupillometry. As this technology continues to evolve, it has the potential to revolutionize the way we understand human behavior and emotions.
Comparison of pre-COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, and postlockdown participant adherence in a phase IV clinical trial for the treatment of postexposure rabies prophylaxis
Authors: Chaudhari Vijaya Laxman , Argade Akshay Sanjay , Hinglaspurkar Saee Sudesh , Gogtay Nithya Jaideep 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context:
One of the most frequent difficulties encountered in clinical trials is the failure to retain participants and this is doubly important when the disease is 100% fatal. Studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding adherence have been equivocal.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to compare participant adherence in a phase IV clinical trial for postexposure rabies prophylaxis before the pandemic, during lockdown, and after lockdown.

Settings and Design:
An observational study (audit).

Subjects and Methods:
The study in May 2023 covers the period from October 2019 to March 2022. Individual participant files of recruited participants were examined for adherence to treatment in the prepandemic period, during lockdown, and postlockdown eras.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The primary outcome measure-participant adherence anti-rabies vaccination (ARV completion) in the three timelines was compared using the Chi-squared test. The secondary outcome measures: reasons for nonadherence and potential factors associated with it done by univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression. All analyses conducted at a 5% significance level.

Results:
A total of 455 (2046 ARV visits) participants were recruited in the original Phase IV study, with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 31.9 ± 16.23 years. The COVID-19 lockdown reported the highest nonadherence to ARV (5/26, 19%) due to travel restriction and fear of contracting SARS-CoV2 infection compared to prepandemic (9/144, 6%) and postlockdown (6/285, 2%) periods.

Conclusion:
There was a significant reduction in participant adherence for ARV completion during the lockdown compared to the prepandemic and postlockdown timelines. Decentralized Clinical Trials may offer potential solutions to improve adherence in the context of epidemics and pandemics.
Vitamin D supplementation trials: Navigating the maze of unpredictable results
Authors: Singh Shruti , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Maharshi Vikas , Sinha Nishi , Agarwal Neha , Payra Shuvasree , Harsha Divya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation studies in various pleiotropic outcomes often yield conflicting results. This complexity arises from various factors, including individual differences (baseline Vitamin D levels, genetics, ethnicity, age, and gender). This review aims to clarify the complexities in Vitamin D supplementation research by examining various influencing factors, ultimately providing a comprehensive understanding to guide future studies and offer more accurate insights into the health impacts of Vitamin D supplementation. For this review, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, analyzing observational studies, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials to identify key factors influencing the efficacy of Vitamin D supplementation. By synthesizing findings from diverse research, we aimed to illuminate the nuances shaping the outcomes of these trials. In conclusion, the review suggests that several demographic and biological factors such as baseline 25(OH)D levels, age, ethnicity, genetics, body mass index, diet, sun exposure, medications, comorbid conditions, socioeconomic status, and self-supplementation all play significant roles in the outcomes of Vitamin D supplementation trials. In addition, the dose and duration of therapy, choice of daily versus bolus dosing, route of administration, and the role of free and bound forms of Vitamin D contribute to the complexity of trial results. Vitamin D’s pleiotropic effects extend beyond calcium regulation, impacting various health aspects. Inadequate blood levels can confound trial outcomes, emphasizing the importance of reaching appropriate 25(OH)D thresholds. Study design, sample size, bias minimization, and methodology are critical in influencing trial outcomes and designing studies that account for baseline levels and compliance is crucial for meaningful and accurate results. Standardized assays and internationally agreed-upon cutoff levels are essential to mitigate variability in 25(OH)D measurements and improve result reliability.
Exploring where to concentrate smoking cessation efforts in Nigeria through the mirror of self-reported smoking
Authors: Oluwaseun Addie 
Published: January 2025

Smoking is the largest cause of preventable health problems and premature death worldwide, and about 80% of the world’s 1.3 billion tobacco users live in low- and middle-income countries. Tobacco smoking prevalence in Nigeria was 10.4% and it is estimated that there are about 20 million active smokers in the country. This study investigated the spatial pattern of selfreported smoking in order to determine potential targets for smoking cessation campaigns in Nigeria, utilizing a nationally representative dataset. This was a crosssectional study aimed at investigating the spatial pattern of self-reported smoking as a means of determining where smoking cessation campaigns should be targeted in Nigeria, using spatial analysis and descriptive statistics to examine data from the first round of the Nigeria-National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The results indicated that over 80% of selfreported smokers were male, and young people aged 20-39 were majority (53.8%). Crop farming (24.7%) was the dominant profession. Benue (10.0%), Bauchi (6.3%), and Edo (5.5%) States had the highest number of smokers, and Ekiti (1.6%), Kano (1.3%), and Jigawa (0.7%) States had the least numbers. Self-reported smokers in the country tended towards clustering (Moran I=.126), and whereas Benue State was the hot-spot of smokers in the country, Katsina, Kano, and Kaduna States formed the cold spot. This study identified the age range, the predominantoccupation, and the location of most smokers in the country, making possible focused smoking cessation interventions. However, a one-size-fits-all smoking cessation policy might not work in the country given the heterogeneous distribution of smokers.
New oxomolybdenum(IV) complexes with adducted monodentate ligands, spectroscopic characterization, DFT calculations, biological and antioxidant activity
Authors: F. Abdalah Noor , I. Alajrawy Othman , R. Majeed Sattar 
Published: January 2025

Oxomolybdenum(IV) complexes with chemical formula [MoO(ATP)(DIAB)(AMP)] (C1), [MoO(ATP)(DIAB)(Atri)] (C2), [MoO(ATP)(HNQ)(AMP)] (C3) and [MoO(ATP)(HNQ)(Atri)] (C4) have been synthesized and studied using different spectral methods, including atomic absorption, FTIR, UV-Vis., mass spectroscopy, magnetic sensitivity, electrical conductivity, and C.H.N.S. analysis. The ligands were 2-aminothiophenol (ATP), 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid (DIAB), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (HNQ), 6-amino-2-methylpyridin (AMP), and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (Atri). The FTIR spectra confirm (DIAB, AMP, and Atri) were coordinated by amine nitrogen, whereas the (HNQ) ligand was by oxygen, and the (ATP) by nitrogen and sulfur atoms. The υ(S-H) band vanished in comparison to the (ATP) ligand, this demonstrates how Mo(IV) and the sulfur atom. The (HNQ) ligand's oxygen atoms work in tandem with the Mo(IV). Mo(IV) complexes with d2 are paramagnetic. All complexes have been suggested to have an octahedral structure based on computed and experimental evidences. Two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria were used to test the (ATP) ligand and the produced complexes' activity. The complexes showed an expanded zone of inhibition, indicating that they were more lipophilic than the free (ATP) ligand. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the complexes was tested, and the result showed the following order: Gallic acid ˃ C3 ˃ C2 ˃ C4 ˃ C1 in 60 min.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(4), 659-672.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i4.5
Synthesis, characterization, DFT, molecular docking, and in vitro screening of metal chelates incorporating Schiff base
Authors: Shakir AL-Nama Khansaa , Adnan Saeed Israa , Faris Mohammed Amera 
Published: January 2025

The new complexes were formed by reacting Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with unsymmetrical Schiff base ligands, HL1 and HL2 , in a [1M:1L] molar ratio. Complexes were synthesized with high yields. Metal chelate structures were identified through FT-IR, elemental analyses, magnetic moment, and molar conductivity measurements. According to FT-IR findings, the Schiff base ligand HL1 acts as tridentate by binding with metal ions, confirming tetrahedral geometry. While the ligand HL2 is tetradentate, magnetic moment research indicated an octahedral structure. Theoretical calculations were performed using DFT. The synthesized complexes were tested for antibacterial activity against two types of Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus and Gram-negative K. pneumoniae. Further molecular docking analysis revealed information about the ligand's binding energy and interaction with the protein receptor (ID:3BFV) of the bacteria.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(4), 687-701.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i4.7
Harnessing deep learning algorithms for early plant disease detection: A comparative study and evaluation between SSD (Mobilenet_v2 and Mobilenet_v3) and CNN model
Authors: Nwaneto C.B. , Yinka-Banjo C. 
Published: January 2025

Recognizing the important need for efficient plant disease detection in agriculture, this research evaluates and compares the performance of three distinct deep learning models: Mobilenet_V2, Mobilenet_V3, and a custombuilt CNN model. As traditional methods fall short in addressing the evolving challenges of crop health management, the study aims to discover the most effective model for accurate disease identification. Leveraging a dataset encompassing 20,639 images across 15 directories representing various plant diseases, the models undergo rigorous training and evaluation. Results reveal the CNN_model as the superior performer with a remarkable test accuracy of 94.48%, outshining Mobilenet_V2 and Mobilenet_V3. The comparative analysis sheds light on the strengths and weaknesses of each model, providing valuable insights for the agricultural community. This research not only advances the understanding of deep learning applications in precision agriculture but also lays the foundation for future innovations in sustainable crop management.
Proximate, mineral composition, and physicochemical properties of two flavoured ice creams within Benin City Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ovonramwen O.B. , Okojie E.I. 
Published: January 2025

This research work covers the purchase of strawberry and vanilla-flavoured ice cream sourced locally from two different ice creamery outlets within the Benin Metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria. This involves the determination of the proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, ash content, crude fibre, moisture, and carbohydrates obtained by difference) and the mineral composition (potassium, magnesium, calcium, molybdenum, iron, zinc, sodium, and copper) using the standard method. The physiochemical properties of both ice cream samples (temperature, pH, total solids, and sugar content) were carried out using the standard method. The (66.90 and 57.80%), (12.10 and 11.80%), (4.07 and 3.99%), (2.50 and 2.20%), (1.01 and 1.10%), and (13.41 and 23.11%) as in moisture contents, crude lipid, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content, and carbohydrate, respectively, were obtained for strawberry and vanilla flavour ice cream. Copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium were (0.23 and 0.24 mg/L), (1.27 and 1.28 mg/L), (2.20 and 2.22 mg/L), (0.49 and 0.50 mg/L), (2.90 and 2.90 mg/L), (3.66 and 3.67 mg/L), and (3.37 and 3.36 mg/L), respectively. The calorie contribution from carbohydrate and protein was lower, while it was higher in fat. The micronutrient ratio was within the expected range except for K/Na, Ca/Mg, and Ca/protein. The trace elements Zn, Cu, and Fe contributed the highest percentage of micronutrients needed to meet the daily requirement for proper functioning and development of a healthy body. Hence, it is recommended to be safe for consumption if taken cautiously and in moderation.