bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabricating Patient-Specific 3D Printed Drill Guides to Treat Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Bell Cameron E. , Feizi Alborz , Roytman Gregory R. , Ramji Alim F. , Tommasini Steven M. , Wiznia Daniel H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Femoral head avascular necrosis (AVN), or death of femoral head tissue due to a lack of blood supply, is a leading cause of total hip replacement for non-geriatric patients. Core decompression (CD) is an effective treatment to re-establish blood flow for patients with AVN. Techniques aimed at improving its efficacy are an area of active research. We propose the use of 3D printed drill guides to accurately guide therapeutic devices for CD.
Methods
Using femur sawbones, image processing software, and 3D modeling software, we created a custom-built device with pre-determined drill trajectories and tested the feasibility of the 3D printed drill guides for CD. A fellowship trained orthopedic surgeon used the drill guide to position an 8 ga, 230 mm long decompression device in the three synthetic femurs. CT scans were taken of the sawbones with the drill guide and decompression device. CT scans were processed in the 3D modeling software. Descriptive statistics measuring the angular and needle-tip deviation were compared to the original virtually planned model.
Results
Compared to the original 3D model, the trials had a mean displacement of 1.440±1.03 mm and a mean angle deviation of 1.093±0.749º.
Conclusions
The drill guides were demonstrated to accurately guide the decompression device along its predetermined drill trajectory. Accuracy was assessed by comparing values to literature-reported values and considered AVN lesion size. This study demonstrates the potential use of 3D printing technology to improve the efficacy of CD techniques.
Provision of high-volume low-complexity outpatient care for chronic eye disease in England: what matters to patients
Authors: Ndwandwe Siyabonga , Ramsay Angus IG , Magnusson Josefine , Napier Steve , Fu Dun Jack , Baker Helen , Cammack Jocelyn , Khaw Peng , Sivaprasad Sobha , Jayaram Hari , Foster Paul , Clarke Caroline S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The suspension of non-urgent healthcare services due to the COVID-19 pandemic worsened existing ophthalmology backlogs in England (>1 million appointments), adding to the need for new diagnostic service models to provide quicker and accessible services whilst reducing access-related health inequalities. A community-based diagnostic service was developed by Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in London, UK, to help clear the backlog for monitoring chronic eye diseases, where tests conducted by trained non-clinical technicians are reviewed remotely by specialist clinicians. This model could set a blueprint for high-volume low-complexity care across the NHS. Previous work has shown that stakeholder engagement and buy-in is key when designing services. This work developed lists of service attributes important to patients when considering routine monitoring for stable eye conditions.
Methods
A longlist of attributes was developed by reviewing literature and preliminary stakeholder interviews with staff and patients. This was reduced to 12 through discussions in the research team including patient and public involvement collaborators, then a convenience sample of stakeholders was surveyed to rank the attributes. Respondents selected important attributes, and were invited to provide suggestions of possible missed attributes, then ranked the six most important from those they had identified. Responses were analysed as weighted and non-weighted rankings.
Results
Thirty-one (n=27 patients, n=4 other) analysable responses were received (33% response rate). Attribute ordering differed slightly between weighted and non-weighted rankings but four attributes consistently ranked in the top six: level of expertise of the person conducting the tests, whether results are well explained, accessibility of venue by public transport, and travel time to venue. Lower priority attributes were: how results are stored and passed on, how long it takes to get results, and colocation of other services.
Conclusions
This study lists important attributes for patients when considering attending routine diagnostic services for monitoring stable chronic eye disease. Consideration of these attributes in service planning could be beneficial to both patients and the NHS, regarding impact of service delivery models on these attributes, and communication and engagement regarding these features with patients and other potential service users.
In-situ noise attenuation effect of urban vegetation landscaping in typical residential communities along the elevated Metro overpass
Authors: Wu Hao , Huang Yan , Li Tianjie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vegetation landscaping around the Metro overpass can impact the noise attenuation effect in surrounding residential areas. Six residential buildings with vegetation landscaping situated along the elevated Metro overpass of Hangzhou Metro Line 9 were chosen to assess their noise levels on sites at the 1st to 5th floors. Quantitative investigation of the vegetation landscaping condition and the noise loudness was conducted in-situ, and the greening conditions of the vegetation were investigated quantitatively, including canopy closure, greening rate, height under the lowest branch of the arbour, number of arbours, and the effective spatial occlusion coefficient (ESOC), etc. The in-situ noise loudness of each measurement site was also determined. A 3-D model of community was also created in Rhinoceros software and imported into Cadna/A software to calculate the simulated noise loudness of the scenario without vegetation. The net noise attenuation coefficient by vegetation (NACV) was calculated to quantify the noise reduction effect by vegetation landscaping. A Python statistical program is applied to perform a linear regression analysis and propose a mathematical model for describing noise attenuation effect. It indicated that the ESOC, canopy closure and the greening rate could jointly explain 71.6% of variations in mean NACV. The influence of factors was found in the following order: distance between the vegetation and the noise source > height of the noise source > greening rate > ESOC. This study reveals the characteristic factors and correlations of noise attenuation and explores the effect of vegetation landscaping on urban noise attenuation.
The role of healthcare workers and caregivers in monitoring critically ill children: a qualitative study in Zomba, Malawi
Authors: Mwale Daniel , Taylor Lucinda Manda , Langton Josephine , Likumbo Alice , Hensbroek Michael Boele van , team IMPALA Study , Calis Job , Janssens Wendy , Pell Christopher 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Critically ill children require close monitoring to facilitate timely interventions throughout their hospitalization. In low- and middle-income countries, a high disease burden yet scarce paediatric critical care resources complicate effective monitoring. This study describes the monitoring practices for critically ill children and examines factors affecting monitoring in a paediatric high-dependency unit in Malawi.
Methods
An exploratory qualitative study based on 21 in-depth interviews with healthcare workers (n = 12) working in the high dependency unit and caregivers of critically ill children (n = 9), and structured observation of monitoring. Interviews were transcribed and translated for thematic content analysis.
Results
The ward layout, power outages, lack of human resources and limited familiarity with the available monitoring devices, affected monitoring of critically ill children admitted to the high dependency unit. Monitoring was mostly performed intermittently, through clinical observations. Healthcare workers prioritized the sickest children for more frequent monitoring using the available devices. Caregivers, who were present throughout admission, were involved informally in flagging possible deterioration to healthcare staff.
Conclusion
Opportunities to improve monitoring of critically ill children in high dependency unit include ongoing training of healthcare workers to effectively allocate and employ the available devices, and/or supporting caregivers to play more formal role in escalation.
Efficient Segmentation of Active and Inactive Plaques in FLAIR-Images Using DeepLabV3Plus SE with EfficientNetB0 Backbone in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Davarani Mahsa Naeeni , Darestani Ali Arian , Cañas Virginia Guillen , Azimi Hossein , Havadaragh Sanaz Heydari , Hashemi Hasan , Harirchian Mohammd Hossein 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research paper introduces an efficient approach for the segmentation of active and inactive plaques within FLAIR-images, employing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model known as DeepLabV3Plus SE with the EfficientNetB0 backbone in Multiple sclerosis, and demonstrates its superior performance compared to other CNN architectures. The study encompasses various critical components, including dataset pre-processing techniques, the utilization of the Squeeze and Excitation Network (SE-Block), and the Atrous Spatial Separable Pyramid (ASPP) Block to enhance segmentation capabilities. Detailed descriptions of pre-processing procedures, such as removing the skull's bony portion, image resizing, and normalization, are provided. The training process adopts the dice coefficient as the loss function and utilizes Adam optimization. The study evaluated the model's performance using multiple metrics, including Intersection Over Union (IOU), Dice Score, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score, and offers a comparative analysis with other CNN architectures. Results demonstrate the superior segmentation ability of the proposed model, as evidenced by an IOU of 69.87, Dice Score of 76.24, Precision of 88.89, Recall of 73.52, and F1-Score of 80.47 for the DeepLabV3 + SE_EfficientNetB0 model. This research contributes to the advancement of plaque segmentation in FLAIR images and offers a compelling approach with substantial potential for medical image analysis and diagnosis.
Characterizing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Belly Syndrome in Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Authors: Gu Hannah , Seekins Jayne , Ritter Victor , Halamek Louis , Wall James , Fuerch Janene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective To reproducibly define CPAP Belly Syndrome (CBS) in preterm infants and describe associated demographic characteristics, mechanical factors, and outcomes.Study Design : A retrospective case-control study was conducted in infants < 32 weeks gestation admitted to the Stanford Children’s NICU from 1/1/2020 to 12/31/2021. CBS was radiographically defined by a pediatric radiologist.Results Analysis included 41 infants with CBS and 69 infants without. CBS was associated with younger gestational age (median 27.7 vs 30weeks, p < 0.001) and lower birthweight (median 1.00 vs 1.31kg, p < 0.001). Infants with CBS were more likely receive bilevel respiratory support and higher end expiratory pressure but have similar stooling patterns. Infants with CBS took longer to reach full enteral feeds (median 10 vs 7days, p = 0.003) and more abdominal radiographs.Conclusions Future CBS therapies should target the smallest and youngest infants, focus on preventing air entry from above, and aim to reduce time to full enteral feeds and radiographic exposure.
Visual analysis of the research trend and current situation of the relationship between zinc and stroke in the past 20 years
Authors: Lou Tianwei , Bi Hongyan , Tian Meng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between stroke and zinc from 2004 to 2023, and visually reveal the research hotspots and future trends in this field.
Method: Using relevant articles from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2004 to 2023 as data sources, CiteSpace was used for visualization and scientific econometric analysis.
Results: A total of 595 papers were included. The countries that contributed the most to this study were USA(227), followed by PEOPLES R CHINA(117), JAPAN(46), SOUTH KOREA(41) and ENGLAND(41).The top three institutions with the highest number of publications are all from the United States, namely Stanford University(25), University of California System (23) and Harvard University(18).The most frequently co-cited journal is PNATL ACAD SCI USA.Chan, Pak H is the most published author, and [ANONYMOUS] is the most cited author.The five largest clusters obtained by keyword cluster analysis are "element status", "oxidative stress", "neuroprotective effect", and "matrix metalloproteinase activity"and" direct role."According to keyword burst analysis, the hot research topics in recent years have been risk, risk factors, stroke, zinc, up regulation, and copper. It indicates that whether zinc deficiency is a risk factor for stroke is of great concern in the near future.
Conclusion: The research in this field has a broad prospect. Developed countries have played a leading role in the research in this field and made great contributions. In recent years, the research efforts of developing countries have also been enhanced. The potential role of zinc in the treatment and prevention of stroke has been noted, which is also the current research hotspot and trend. However, the research in this area has not been conclusive so far, and further research is needed in the future.
Comparison of Three Cytokinins on In vitro Multiplication of Orbea semota, a Conical, Stout-Teethed Succulent
Authors: Rose Kemar , Scantlebury Collin , Williams Marsha , Francis Ryan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Orbea semota is a much-branched succulent with erect or procumbent grey-green to dark green stems with dark maroon or dark brown flowers possessing yellow marks at the tips. It is native to Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda growing in rocky places and there is great potential for its use as a medicinal plant, as well as, commercial trade and cultivation as an ornamental in Jamaica. The purpose of the study is to select the most effective cytokinin for the shoot proliferation of Orbea semota using stem cuttings.
Results
Medium A (containing 2iP) produced the best results at shoot proliferation than all other media used. The mean lengths of the shoots produced by Medium A (19.0 ± 11.4 mm and 10.5 ± 3.8 mm) were significantly greater than that of the shoots produced by all other media. Significantly larger quantities of shoots were generated using Medium A than all other media (3.4 ± 1.3 and 4.0 ± 1.9).
Conclusions
The present study details an efficient and reproducible protocol for the in vitro shoot multiplication of Orbea semota. This current investigation assured effective establishment, mass multiplication and could offer an in vitro strategy for the ex situ conservation of this succulent that has great potential as a medicinal plant, as well as, commercial cultivation and trade as an ornamental in Jamaica. The results obtained showed that Medium A was the most optimal medium at promoting shoot proliferation. Therefore, of the three cytokinins investigated 2iP produced the best results at stimulating shoot multiplication and growth of Orbea semota.
Faithful AI in Medicine: A Systematic Review with Large Language Models and Beyond
Authors: Xie Qianqian , Schenck Edward J. , Yang He S. , Chen Yong , Peng Yifan , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
While artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), offers significant potential for medicine, it raises critical concerns due to the possibility of generating factually incorrect information, leading to potential long-term risks and ethical issues. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the faithfulness problem in existing research on AI in healthcare and medicine, with a focus on the analysis of the causes of unfaithful results, evaluation metrics, and mitigation methods.
Materials and Methods
Using PRISMA methodology, we sourced 5,061 records from five databases (PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar) published between January 2018 to March 2023. We removed duplicates and screened records based on exclusion criteria.
Results
With 40 leaving articles, we conducted a systematic review of recent developments aimed at optimizing and evaluating factuality across a variety of generative medical AI approaches. These include knowledge-grounded LLMs, text-to-text generation, multimodality-to-text generation, and automatic medical fact-checking tasks.
Discussion
Current research investigating the factuality problem in medical AI is in its early stages. There are significant challenges related to data resources, backbone models, mitigation methods, and evaluation metrics. Promising opportunities exist for novel faithful medical AI research involving the adaptation of LLMs and prompt engineering.
Conclusion
This comprehensive review highlights the need for further research to address the issues of reliability and factuality in medical AI, serving as both a reference and inspiration for future research into the safe, ethical use of AI in medicine and healthcare.
One-pot preparation of layered double hydroxides-engineered boric acid root and application in wastewater
Authors: Zhang Fengrong , Zhang B. , Zhang K. , Wu L. , Han D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Heavy metals and organic pollutants are prevalent in water bodies, causing great damage to the environment and human beings. Hence, it is urgent to develop a kind of adsorbent with good performance. Anion interlacing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is a promising adsorbent for the sustainable removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Using aluminum chloride, zinc chloride and ammonium borate as raw materials, the LDHs complex (BA-LDHs) of boric acid root intercalation was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. The BA-LDHs samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and gas physical adsorption analysis (BET). The results showed that borate was successfully intercalated. Adsorption experimental results suggested that BA-LDHs possess a maximum adsorption capacity of 18.7, 57.5, 70.2, 3.12 mg/g for Cd(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI) and Methylene blue (MB) at Cs = 2g/L, respectively. The adsorption experiment conforms to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the kinetic adsorption data are well fitted by the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. The as-prepared BA-LDHs have potential application prospects in the removal of heavy metals and dyes in wastewater. More importantly, it also provides a strategy for preparing selective adsorbents.
Robotic transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal approach for anterior renal mass nephron-sparing surgery
Authors: Lanzotti Nicholas J. , Felice Michael , Janakiraman Sarang , Lewer Owen , James Christopher , Ellis Jeffrey L. , Rac Goran , Patel Hiten D. , Gupta Gopal N. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Robotic nephron-sparing surgery is traditionally performed via a transperitoneal (TP) approach. However, the retroperitoneal (RP) approach has gained popularity, particularly for posterolateral renal masses. The RP approach is associated with shorter operative time, less blood loss, and shorter length of stay, while preserving oncologic outcomes in selected masses. Here, we aim to assess the feasibility of the RP approach in excising anterior renal masses.
Methods
Patients ≥18 years of age who underwent robotic nephron-sparing surgery for anterior renal masses were retrospectively identified (2008-2022). Baseline demographics, tumor characteristics, and peri-operative data were collected and characterized based on TP vs RP approaches. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Pearson’s chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
Results
216 patients were included – 178 (82.4%) underwent TP approach and 38 (17.6%) underwent RP approach. Baseline demographics, preoperative tumor size, and renal nephrometry scores were similar. The RP approach was associated with shorter operative (150 vs 203 min, p<0.001) and warm ischemia time (12 vs 21 min, p<0.001), and less blood loss (20 vs 100 cc, p=0.002) (Table 1). The RP approach was associated with shorter length of stay (1 vs 2 days, p<0.001) and less total complications (5.3% vs 19.1%, p=0.038). Major complication (Clavien-Dindo Grade >3) rates were similar. There was no difference in positive surgical margin rates or pathologic characteristics.
Conclusions
Robotic RP approach for nephron-sparing surgery is feasible for eligible anterior tumors and is associated with favorable perioperative outcomes with preserved negative surgical margin rates.
Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus cereus against the Spotted Wing Drosophila
Authors: He Nana , Zhou shaojie , Zhou Chuanming , Yang Weikang , Zhang Sheng , Yan Deqiang , Guo Yaonan , Ji Xiaowen , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (D. suzukii) is a notorious pest that causes devastating damage to thin-skinned fruits because female flies use a serrated ovipositor to pierce the skin of ripening fruits and lay eggs in the flesh with a serrated ovipositor. The current application of insecticides to manage this pest has led to serious resistance and environmental hazards, so there is an urgent need for alternative strategies. In the present work, we reported that identifying a potential entomopathogen Bacillus cereus H1 (B. cereus H1) for D. suzukii from their habitat was lethal to D. suzukii adults following ingestion. First, we isolated and identified an entomopathogen B. cereus H1 from D. suzukii morbid pupae. Next, B. cereus H1 robustly arrested the development of the fly progeny. Moreover, B. cereus H1 exerted an adverse effect on the survival and locomotion of adult flies. Mechanistically, B. cereus H1 disrupted intestinal homeostasis and triggered oxidative innate immunity, resulting in death within 5 days. To the best of our understanding, this study is the first to investigate the role of B. cereus H1 in managing D. suzukii, suggesting that it could be suitable for candidate biopesticides of D. suzukii. Future studies that exploit the mechanism underlying the pathogenicity of B. cereus H1 toward the Spotted Wing Drosophila would improve the knowledge of the ecology of host-entomopathogen interactions in nature.