bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematology and Oncology Fellow Education About Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Survey of Program Directors in the United States
Authors: Reese Jennifer Barsky , Bauman Jessica R. , Sorice Kristen A. , Frederick Natasha , Bober Sharon L. 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Clinical oncology guidelines recommend addressing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) concerns in routine cancer care. However, limited training often hinders clinicians' ability to do so effectively. The objective of this study was to understand the state of current fellowship education on SRH (ie, sexual health, safe sex practices, and fertility) through conducting a national survey of US hematology/oncology fellowship program directors (PDs). METHODS A survey was sent to all PDs of adult hematology/oncology fellowship programs in the United States via online link. PDs who did not complete the survey were sent up to four follow-up emails and a paper mailing. Descriptive statistics and McNemar tests were conducted. RESULTS One hundred-fourteen PDs responded (65%). Fewer programs offered formal instruction on sexual health (49%) and safe sex practices (37%) compared with fertility (75%). Informal training in SRH relied heavily on direct clinical experience (73%-78% of programs), with other methods (eg, case-based approaches, webinars, and journal clubs) being less common. Lack of experts to provide instruction was the most commonly cited barrier to offering training in SRH, endorsed by 74% for sexual health, 68% for safe sex practices, and 54% for fertility; difficulty finding space within the curriculum (50%; 54%; and 43%, respectively) and a lack of training requirements were also commonly endorsed (57%; 60%; and 35%, respectively). Barriers were endorsed more commonly for sexual health topics than fertility. CONCLUSION The results highlight the scarcity of training in SRH, particularly in sexual health, within hematology/oncology fellowship programs. The heavy reliance on informal instruction methods may lead to inconsistent and inadequate education. Efforts to integrate comprehensive training in SRH into fellowship programs are crucial to ensuring that such concerns are included in routine cancer care.
Approach to the Patient: Investigation of Pediatric Hypoglycemia in the Emergency Department—A Practical Algorithm
Authors: Thornton Paul S , Hawkes Colin P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hypoglycemia in the pediatric population tends to present in the newborn period or during metabolic crisis triggered by prolonged fasting and intercurrent illness. Current recommendations to investigate all children presenting with hypoglycemia for the first time are cumbersome and costly but necessary to identify those with serious conditions who predispose to hypoglycemia.
We describe a practical and cost-effective method of evaluating children who present to the emergency department with previously undiagnosed hypoglycemia. Glucose and point-of-care (POC) beta-hydroxybutyrate levels should be measured on all children with a low screening POC glucose level, and a full history and physical examination will identify those requiring further investigation. This approach is suggested to identify patients with serious and life-threatening disease with the same fidelity as the currently recommended approach of performing a critical sample on all children with hypoglycemia. Our streamlined approach will reduce the cost to approximately 10% of the current approach per patient diagnosed with a serious underlying disease. Further, children without underlying hypoglycemia-predisposing disorders will be identified and discharged without unnecessary intervention.
The salamander limb: a perfect model to understand imperfect integration during skeletal regeneration
Authors: Riquelme-Guzmán Camilo , Sandoval-Guzmán Tatiana 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Limb regeneration in salamanders is achieved by a complex coordination of various biological processes and requires the proper integration of new tissue with old. Among the tissues found inside the limb, the skeleton is the most prominent component, which serves as a scaffold and provides support for locomotion in the animal. Throughout the years, researchers have studied the regeneration of the appendicular skeleton in salamanders both after limb amputation and as a result of fracture healing. The final outcome has been widely seen as a faithful re-establishment of the skeletal elements, characterised by a seamless integration into the mature tissue. The process of skeletal integration, however, is not well understood, and several works have recently provided evidence of commonly occurring flawed regenerates. In this Review, we take the reader on a journey through the course of bone formation and regeneration in salamanders, laying down a foundation for critically examining the mechanisms behind skeletal integration. Integration is a phenomenon that could be influenced at various steps of regeneration, and hence, we assess the current knowledge in the field and discuss how early events, such as tissue histolysis and patterning, influence the faithful regeneration of the appendicular skeleton.
Artificial tethering of constitutive centromere-associated network proteins induces CENP-A deposition without Knl2 in DT40 cells
Authors: Cao JingHui , Hori Tetsuya , Ariyoshi Mariko , Fukagawa Tatsuo 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The kinetochore is an essential structure for chromosome segregation. Although the kinetochore is usually formed on a centromere locus, it can be artificially formed at a non-centromere locus by protein tethering. An artificial kinetochore can be formed by tethering of CENP-C or CENP-I, members of the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN). However, how CENP-C or CENP-I recruit the centromere-specific histone CENP-A to form an artificial kinetochore remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed this issue using the tethering assay combined with an auxin-inducible degron (AID)-based knockout method in chicken DT40 cells. We found that tethering of CENP-C or CENP-I induced CENP-A incorporation at the non-centromeric locus in the absence of Knl2 (or MIS18BP1), a component of the Mis18 complex, and that Knl2 tethering recruited CENP-A in the absence of CENP-C. We also showed that CENP-C coimmunoprecipitated with HJURP, independently of Knl2. Considering these results, we propose that CENP-C recruits CENP-A by HJURP binding to form an artificial kinetochore. Our results suggest that CENP-C or CENP-I exert CENP-A recruitment activity, independently of Knl2, for artificial kinetochore formation in chicken DT40 cells. This gives us a new insight into mechanisms for CENP-A incorporation.
Clinical significance of the combined test of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination on hypercoagulable state of blood in parturient women
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Yu Tao , Wang Yunshuang , Hu Meili , Gao Tianxiang 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To investigate the value of the combined test of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination on the evaluation of the hypercoagulable state of blood in parturient women.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. Total 50 high risk parturient women who underwent an antenatal examination in Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the observation group, while 50 normal parturient women who underwent antenatal examination without comorbidities and complications were randomly collected in a ratio of 1:1 as the control group. All subjects had venous blood drawn for testing of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination before delivery, and their general data were recorded.
Results: The activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, while thrombin time(TT) and D-dimer(DD) were both higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences(p<0.05); total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05); adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Moreover, the overall incidence of adverse pregnancy was higher in the observation group than in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The combined test of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination results in excellent performance in predicting and judging the presence or absence of the hypercoagulable state of blood in parturient women, with the combination of APTT+TT+DD+TG+ADP+AA being the preferred test.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7530
How to cite this: Zhang W, Yu T, Wang Y, Hu M, Gao T. Clinical significance of the combined test of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination on hypercoagulable state of blood in parturient women. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):741-746. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7530
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy and influencing factors: An example from Turkey
Authors: SARIMEHMET Didem , SARIMEHMET Yakup Kadri , CANDAS ALTINBAS Bahar , ARDIÇ Cüneyt 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To find out the opinions concerning vaccine hesitancy of people and influencing factors who had not received COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was carried out between February and April 2022 with individuals who were not vaccinated against COVID-19. It included 634 participants registered at a family health center in Rize, Turkey. Data were collected by telephone using a questionnaire. For statistical analysis, the R programming language was used. The Boruta algorithm was used to rank the variables associated to the reasons for not trusting the vaccine.
Results: “I do not trust vaccines (67%)” is the most frequently cited reason for not being vaccinated. The most often cited reasons for not trusting vaccinations are that vaccines are produced for the benefit of foreign companies (56.2%), vaccines are ineffective (55.5%), and vaccines have not undergone sufficient scrutiny (53.2%). According to Boruta analyses, the top three variables most closely associated with not trusting COVID-19 vaccines were belief that vaccines are produced for the benefit of foreign countries/vaccines companies, imported vaccines have not undergone sufficient scrutiny, and vaccines being ineffective.
Conclusions: People do not get vaccinated because they do not trust vaccinations due to concerns about their safety, effectiveness, political influences, and potential adverse effects.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7979
How to cite this: Sarimehmet D, Sarimehmet YK, Altinbas BC, Ardic C. COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy and influencing factors: An example from Turkey. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):730-735. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7979
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Shaukat Aamir , Aamir Hooria , Ahmad Zaheer , Ahmad Umair 
Published: February 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Ultrasonography, considering nerve conduction study (NCS) as the gold standard diagnostic modality for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neurology Department of Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from August, 2020 to January, 2021. NCS and Ultrasonography of wrist were performed for diagnosis of CTS. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and diagnostic accuracy (DA) were calculated for the screening test (Ultrasonography of the wrist), taking NCS as the gold standard.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 41.53 ± 8.80 years, with female pre-dominance (71.66%). The right hand was involved in 24(40%) patients, left hand was involved in 4(6.66%) patients, and both hands were involved in 32(53.33%) patients. Among 60 patients, ultrasonography diagnosed 56 (TP+FN) as having CTS, confirmed via nerve conduction study. Sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and DA of Ultrasonography of the wrist for CTS were 92.8%, 75%, 42.8%, 98.1%, and 91.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the sensitivity and specificity, Ultrasonography may assist in diagnosing CTS.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8332
How to cite this: Shaukat A, Aamir H, Ahmad Z, Ahmad U. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):753-756. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8332
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Exploiting Data Locality to Improve Performance of Heterogeneous Server Clusters
Authors: Zhao Zhisheng , Mukherjee Debankur , Wu Ruoyu 
Published: February 2024

We consider load balancing in large-scale heterogeneous server systems in the presence of data locality that imposes constraints on which tasks can be assigned to which servers. The constraints are naturally captured by a bipartite graph between the servers and the dispatchers handling assignments of various arrival flows. When a task arrives, the corresponding dispatcher assigns it to a server with the shortest queue among [Formula: see text] randomly selected servers obeying these constraints. Server processing speeds are heterogeneous, and they depend on the server type. For a broad class of bipartite graphs, we characterize the limit of the appropriately scaled occupancy process, both on the process level and in steady state, as the system size becomes large. Using such a characterization, we show that imposing data locality constraints can significantly improve the performance of heterogeneous systems. This is in stark contrast to either heterogeneous servers in a full flexible system or data locality constraints in systems with homogeneous servers, both of which have been observed to degrade the system performance. Extensive numerical experiments corroborate the theoretical results. Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation [CCF. 07/2021–06/2024].
Revisiting the conservation genetics of Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus)
Authors: Gonzalez Susana , Repetto Leticia , Gutiérrez Verónica , Olivera María Eugenia , Corbi Botto Claudia , Leone Yanina , Merino Mariano L. , Góss Braga Fernanda , Barbanti Duarte José Mauricio , Maldonado Jesús Eduardo , Cosse Mariana 
Published: February 2024

The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a unique species of neotropical cervid, that inhabits a wide range of open habitats including grasslands, pampas, savannas, and cerrado (Brazil) from -5° to -41° S. The reduction of the area encompassed by these habitats has been dramatically reduced to less than 2 % by human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and poaching. Three decades ago, we initiated a molecular genetic study of the Pampas deer based on representative samples from throughout their geographic range. Our aim is to reevaluate the effect that habitat fragmentation has had on gene flow among eight wildlife Pampas deer populations and one from the captive breeding centre Estación de Cría de Fauna Autóctona (ECFA). We examined DNA sequences from three mitochondrial markers: the control region (D-loop), Cytochrome b (Cytb), and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). Furthermore, we compared the resolution of the different mitochondrial markers to elucidate the phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns of the species to define Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU`s). The amount of gene flow was correlated with geographic distance among groups and populations and was consistent with limited dispersal being the primary determinant of genetic differentiation between populations. Our results showed that the D-loop was the most appropriate marker for defining Evolutionary Significant Units. We found that the critically endangered Paraná population showed significant genetic distance from the others and revealed unique haplotypes with all the mitochondrial markers. The molecular genetic results provide a mandate for habitat restoration and design a management plan to conserve these relictual populations.
Microhabitat characterization in the home range of the Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in arid zones
Authors: García-Feria Luis Manuel , Pérez-Solano Luz Adriana , Gallina-Tessaro Sonia , Peña-Peniche Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Knowing the home range of a species helps to identify the resources it needs to survive and reproduce and how this behavior is expressed spatially. Within home ranges, core areas are the sites where the main resources are abundant. The microhabitat is a spatial area composed of variables that can affect individual behavior. In this sense, the characterization of this inner part of the home range can contribute significantly to understanding the elements that these areas offer compared to the rest of the habitat of a population. This work characterized the home range and areas outside it, as well as the core areas of female mule deer on a microhabitat scale in the Chihuahuan Desert, México. The structure and composition of the vegetation were characterized according to three habitat use hierarchies: interior of the core areas and zones within and outside the home ranges of seven female mule deer. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, and a hierarchical clustering was used to relate the variables. The variation in structure and composition in each hierarchy was evaluated by performing multivariate permutation tests. Twenty-five plant species were recorded in the transects. The PCA showed the most similar use hierarchies are the core and home range inner areas. The core area presents higher density and cover-dominance values, and the zone outside the home range showed high values of distance to the individual closest to the central point and greater variation in this parameter. The MANOVA indicated a significant variation in vegetation structure and composition in relation to use hierarchies. Significant differences in vegetation structure and composition were found at the microhabitat level between the core area of activity and the zones within and outside the home range. The core area has a greater structural complexity of vegetation, with greater plant coverage-abundance and density; this suggests that the core area is located in a more competitive and saturated environment. Outside the home range, the microhabitat has greater spatial heterogeneity of vegetation, with greater distance and variation of plant cover. Future research could address the spatial (micro-macro) and temporal scales to better understand the ecological dynamics of the species in different habitat use hierarchies.
O GUIA-INTÉRPRETE E OS PROCESSOS DE MEDIAÇÃO DA PESSOA COM SURDOCEGUEIRA
Authors: Mendes da Silva Gilnúbia Rosa , Reis dos Santos José Jackson , Silva Sidney Soares 
Published: February 2024

Nesta resenha, apresentamos uma apreciação geral da obra “O guia-intérprete e a inclusão da pessoa com surdocegueira”, resultante da pesquisa de doutorado de Wolney Gomes Almeida (2019). A obra apresenta a surdocegueira no contexto das deficiências e a necessidade de formação profissional para o guia-intérprete, atuante no âmbito da inclusão socioeducacional das pessoas com surdocegueira. A reflexão realizada possibilita compreender o processo de atendimento e acompanhamento da pessoa surdocega e, também, problematiza as ausências de estudos e pesquisas em torno dessa temática. O livro apresenta temática contemporânea e é recomendada para profissionais da educação, sociedade em geral e, principalmente, às pessoas comprometidas com a inclusão social e educacional.
PROFESSORAS NO ENSINO MÉDIO: DIDÁTICA, ABORDAGENS E CONCEPÇÕES
Authors: Velozo Aline Debossan , Casagrande Ana Lara 
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo traz resultados da pesquisa de mestrado em Educação acerca das concepções e abordagem do feminismo, por parte das professoras, em uma escola de Ensino Médio localizada em Cuiabá/MT. O objetivo central consiste em analisar os dados provenientes do estudo de caso desenvolvido na Escola Estadual Maria Taquara (nome fictício que preserva a identidade das profissionais e do seu espaço laboral), aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Foi realizado, por meio do levantamento bibliográfico, breve histórico do desenvolvimento do ser mulher na sociedade, da escolarização e da profissionalização das mulheres. Constatou-se certa resistência em acessar a equipe docente da escola, bem como certa apatia por parte das professoras, devido à hostilização da temática em âmbito da gestão nacional, com seus desdobramentos, e no escopo de um neoliberalismo sustentado pelo patriarcado. Os dados, então, refletiram o contexto permeado por concepções machistas, contudo, também foi constatado um cenário de bom potencial de abordagem didática da temática do feminismo e suas nuances, pois existe o interesse do público jovem, há professoras dispostas a abordarem o tema em seus componentes curriculares, de maneira direta ou não. Em meio ao protagonismo das mulheres atuando no Ensino Médio na realidade investigada, destaca-se a necessidade da desconstrução do estereótipo da “tia” ou da “professorinha”, bem como a abertura de novos caminhos e fazeres pedagógicos, novas práticas e discursos em consonância com a construção de uma sociedade efetivamente democrática e sem opressão de qualquer natureza.