bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal processed infant formula vs. conventional shows comparable protein quality and increased postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in rats
Authors: Calvez Juliane , Blais Anne , Deglaire Amélie , Gaudichon Claire , Blachier François , Davila Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring industrial processing, heat treatments applied to infant formulas may affect protein digestion. Recently, innovative processing routes have been developed to produce minimally heat-processed infant formula. Our objective was to compare the in vivo protein digestion kinetics and protein quality of a minimally processed (T−) and a heat-treated (T+++) infant formula. Sixty-eight male Wistar rats (21 d) were fed with either a diet containing 40 % T− (n 30) or T+++ (n 30), or a milk protein control diet (n 8) during 2 weeks. T− and T+++ rats were then sequentially euthanised 0, 1, 2, 3 or 6 h (n 6/time point) after ingestion of a meal containing their experimental diet. Control rats were euthanised 6 h after ingestion of a protein-free meal to determine nitrogen and amino acid endogenous losses. Nitrogen and amino acid true caecal digestibility was high for both T− and T+++ diets (> 90 %), but a tendency towards higher nitrogen digestibility was observed for the T− diet (96·6 ± 3·1 %) compared with the T+++ diet (91·9 ± 5·4 %, P = 0·0891). This slightly increased digestibility led to a greater increase in total amino acid concentration in plasma after ingestion of the T− diet (P = 0·0010). Comparable protein quality between the two infant formulas was found with a digestible indispensable amino acid score of 0·8. In conclusion, this study showed that minimal processing routes to produce native infant formula do not modify protein quality but tend to enhance its true nitrogen digestibility and increase postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in rats.
The effect of photobiomodulation on tinnitus: a systematic review
Authors: Nikookam Yasmin , Zia Nawal , Lotfallah Andrew , Muzaffar Jameel , Davis-Manders Jennifer , Kullar Peter , Smith Matthew E , Bale Gemma , Boyle Patrick , Irving Richard , Jiang Dan , Bance Manohar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo establish outcomes following photobiomodulation therapy for tinnitus in humans and animal studies.MethodsA systematic review and narrative synthesis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The databases searched were: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (‘Central’), ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science including the Web of Science Core collection. There were no limits on language or year of publication.ResultsThe searches identified 194 abstracts and 61 full texts. Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting outcomes in 1483 humans (26 studies) and 34 animals (2 studies). Photobiomodulation therapy parameters included 10 different wavelengths, and duration ranged from 9 seconds to 30 minutes per session. Follow up ranged from 7 days to 6 months.ConclusionTinnitus outcomes following photobiomodulation therapy are generally positive and superior to no photobiomodulation therapy; however, evidence of long-term therapeutic benefit is deficient. Photobiomodulation therapy enables concentrated, focused delivery of light therapy to the inner ear through a non-invasive manner, with minimal side effects.
A Christian ethics of blame: or, God says, ‘vengeance is mine’
Authors: Hartman Robert J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is an ethics of blaming the person who deserves blame. The Christian scriptures imply the following no-vengeance condition: a person should not vengefully overtly blame a wrongdoer even if she gives the wrongdoer the exact negative treatment that he deserves. I explicate and defend this novel condition and argue that it demands a revolution in our blaming practices. First, I explain the no-vengeance condition. Second, I argue that the no-vengeance condition is often violated. The most common species of blame involves anger; anger conceptually includes a desire for vengeance; and there are many pleasures in payback. Third, I clarify that it is possible to blame non-vengefully in anger and highlight three good uses for anger in non-vengeful blame. Fourth, I offer two reasons that justify the divine command prohibiting vengeance, and I note that the Christian God is merely sufficient to make non-vengeance morally obligatory. Fifth, I defend the no-vengeance condition against four biblical objections.
Fewer obligations for welfare recipients, more social and economic activities? Results from an experiment with less conditional welfare regimes
Authors: Betkó János , Spierings Niels , Gesthuizen Maurice , Scheepers Peer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents results of a Dutch randomised experiment, challenging the ‘workfare’ paradigm, which is dominant in many countries. We study whether social assistance (SA) schemes with fewer conditions and more autonomy for recipients stimulate valuable but often overlooked unpaid socio-economic activities (USEA), which are not classified as work. In the qualitative part of the mixed method study, we generated new hypotheses stating that particularly recipients who are older, higher educated, have a migration background, have relatively poor health, or have young children, will spend more time on USEA in less conditional and more autonomous regimes. The quantitative part of the study, where two experimental conditions are compared with the usual treatment of SA recipients, does not show convincing average treatment effects, but does reveal that a less conditional and more autonomy-oriented SA scheme translates into more USEA for older people, people with a migration background and people with relatively poor mental health.
Detecting the unknown in a sea of knowns: Health surveillance, knowledge infrastructures, and the quest for classification egress
Authors: Lee Francis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe sociological study of knowledge infrastructures and classification has traditionally focused on the politics and practices of classifying things or people. However, actors’ work to escape dominant infrastructures and pre-established classification systems has received little attention. In response to this, this article argues that it is crucial to analyze, not only the practices and politics of classification, but also actors’work to escape dominant classification systems. The article has two aims: First, to make a theoretical contribution to the study of classification by proposing to pay analytical attention to practices of escaping classification, what the article dubsclassification egress. This concept directs our attention not only to the practices and politics of classifying things, but also to how actors work to escape orresist classification systemsin practice. Second, the article aims to increase our understanding of the history of quantified and statistical health surveillance. In this, the article investigates how actors in health surveillance assembled a knowledge infrastructure for surveilling, quantifying, and detecting unknown patterns of congenital malformations in the wake of the thalidomide disaster in the early 1960s. The empirical account centers on the actors’ work to detect congenital malformations and escape the dominant nosological classification of diseases, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), by replacing it with a procedural standard for reporting of symptoms. Thus, the article investigates how actors deal with the tension between the-already-known-and-classified and the unknown-unclassified-phenomenon in health surveillance practice.
On the decline in the magnitude of the expenditure multiplier
Authors: Rodríguez-López Jesús , Solis-Garcia Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the causes underlying the decline in the government expenditure multiplier after the Korean War, through the lens of a structural dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. We estimate the model using Bayesian methods and annual frequency data from 1939 to 2017. The model replicates the observed fall in the expenditure multiplier. We find that the decline is accounted for by changes in two of the model’s structural parameters, namely a decline in consumption habit persistence and a higher autocorrelation of the public expenditure processes. These changes imply a stronger negative wealth effect, a lower discretion of US fiscal policy and, consequently, a multiplier of smaller magnitude. The model identifies the news shocks to military spending, yet fiscal news plays little role in the decline of the multiplier. Rather, the news shocks account for an important fraction of medium-term variances of debt and military expenditures, which justifies their inclusion in the model.
Seismic Structure of the Izu Arc‐Backarc System
Authors: Li Yuhan , Grevemeyer Ingo , Kodaira Shuichi , Fujie Gou 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArc‐backarc systems are inherently shaped by subduction, representing an essential window into processes acting in the Earth's interior such as the recycling of subducted slabs. Furthermore, they are setting where new crust is formed and are believed to be sites where juvenile continental crust emerges. We present a seismic refraction and wide‐angle velocity model across the Izu arc‐backarc system, and use its characteristic features to constrain geochemically and petrologically different compartments, revealing processes governing crustal formation overlying subduction zones. Our result delineates the Izu arc with a maximum thickness of ∼20 km and the Shikoku Basin with thicknesses of ∼7 to 11 km. In the volcanic arc, the middle crust of the felsic to intermediate tonalitic layer (6.0–6.5 km/s) is remarkably thicker beneath the basalt‐dominated area than in the rhyolite‐dominated area, indicating that basaltic volcanism is indispensable in the transformation process from arc to continental crust. However, rhyolitic volcanism may relate to the juvenile stage of arc evolution or the remelting of middle crust due to the insufficient supply of basaltic magma from the mantle. The mafic restite and cumulates, which used to be part of the arc crustal material, are delaminated and foundered into the mantle, forming extremely low mantle velocities (<7.5 km/s). In the Shikoku Basin, our result supports a fertile mantle source with passive upwelling and normal temperature during the opening process, but the lack of high velocity in the lower crust rules out hydrous melts entrained from the subducting slab or anomalous mantle trapped during subduction zone reconfiguration.
Future Projections of Low‐Level Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Over South Tropical South America: Impacts on Precipitation and Amazon Dry Season Length
Authors: Agudelo Jhoana , Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Junquas Clementine , Arias Paola A. , Sierra Juan Pablo , Olmo Matias E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe last few decades have shown evidence of a lengthening dry season in southern Amazonia, which is associated with a delay in the onset of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). Using a pattern recognition framework of atmospheric circulation patterns (CPs), previous studies have identified specific atmospheric situations related to the onset of the SAMS. Here, we analyze the future changes in the CPs that largely define the main hydro‐climatological states of Tropical South America. We evaluated the CP changes that occurred between two periods: historical (1970–2000) and future (2040–2070), using six General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. Future GCM projections show significant spatio‐temporal changes in the CPs associated with the dry season in southern Amazonia during the mid‐21st century. These changes are related to both a late onset of the SAMS and an early demise of the SAMS. Particularly, the CP methodology allowed for a better understanding of the behavior of the southern Amazon dry season under future conditions, showing an increase in the frequency of the CPs typically observed during the dry season. The occurrence of dry days in the Amazon basin during the austral winter of the mid‐21st century increases by 19.4% on average, with respect to the historical period. This methodology also identified a future increase in the frequency of dry CPs, both at the beginning of the dry‐to‐wet transition period (8%) and at the end of the wet‐to‐dry transition season (11%).
Unequal, Unreliable, and Unfixable?—The Need to Investigate Water Infrastructure Improvements in Intermittent Supply Systems
Authors: Klassert C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfrastructure deterioration threatens urban water security and the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6, “water for all”). One billion urban residents worldwide already face intermittent piped water access, making their public water supply unreliable and unequal. Thus, effective investments in water infrastructure improvements are critical. In a recent WRR paper, Jeuland et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033897) evaluate the impacts of a large infrastructure improvement project on various water security metrics and assess the challenges of such an investigation. They apply a rigorous difference‐in‐difference approach to data from a US$275 million investment in upgrades to water supply and sewage networks in the Zarqa governorate in arid Jordan, analyzing its effects on households, businesses, farms, and the water utility. The authors find a range of moderate improvements to water access and re‐use metrics, including a significant reduction in reported shortages. Key water security indicators related to access intermittency, however, such as the supply duration per day and the expenditure on water deliveries by tanker trucks, saw little to no improvement. The findings reveal that the efforts required to overcome the insecurity and inequity of intermittent public water supply systems might be considerably larger than expected. This suggests an urgent need to further enhance both the accuracy of impact evaluation methods and the effectiveness of infrastructure investments to support the pursuit of SDG 6.
A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood
Authors: Alex Ann M. , Aguate Fernando , Botteron Kelly , Buss Claudia , Chong Yap-Seng , Dager Stephen R. , Donald Kirsten A. , Entringer Sonja , Fair Damien A. , Fortier Marielle V. , Gaab Nadine , Gilmore John H. , Girault Jessica B. , Graham Alice M. , Groenewold Nynke A. , Hazlett Heather , Lin Weili , Meaney Michael J. , Piven Joseph , Qiu Anqi , Rasmussen Jerod M. , Roos Annerine , Schultz Robert T. , Skeide Michael A. , Stein Dan J. , Styner Martin , Thompson Paul M. , Turesky Ted K. , Wadhwa Pathik D. , Zar Heather J. , Zöllei Lilla , de los Campos Gustavo , Knickmeyer Rebecca C. ,   the ENIGMA ORIGINs group
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and children born preterm or with low birthweight showed catch-up growth with age. Socioeconomic factors exerted region- and time-specific effects. Regarding cognition, males scored lower than females; preterm birth affected all developmental areas tested, and socioeconomic factors affected visual reception and receptive language. Brain–cognition correlations revealed region-specific associations.
Comparing attentional disengagement between Prolific and MTurk samples
Authors: Albert Derek A. , Smilek Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAttention often disengages from primary tasks in favor of secondary tasks (i.e., multitasking) and task-unrelated thoughts (i.e., mind wandering). We assessed whether attentional disengagement, in the context of a cognitive task, can substantially differ between samples from commonly used online participant recruitment platforms, Prolific and Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Initially, eighty participants were recruited through Prolific to perform an attention task in which the risk of losing points for errors was varied (high risk = 80% chance of loss, low risk = 20% chance of loss). Attentional disengagement was measured via task performance along with self-reported mind wandering and multitasking. On Prolific, we observed surprisingly low levels of disengagement. We then conducted the same experiment on MTurk. Strikingly, MTurk participants exhibited more disengagement than Prolific participants. There was also an interaction between risk and platform, with the high-risk group exhibiting less disengagement, in terms of better task performance, than the low-risk group, but only on MTurk. Platform differences in individual traits related to disengagement and relations among study variables were also observed. Platform differences persisted, but were smaller, after increasing MTurk reputation criteria and remuneration in a second experiment. Therefore, recruitment platform and recruitment criteria could impact results related to attentional disengagement.
The dresden platform is a research hub for ultra-high dose rate radiobiology
Authors: Metzkes-Ng Josefine , Brack Florian-Emanuel , Kroll Florian , Bernert Constantin , Bock Stefan , Bodenstein Elisabeth , Brand Michael , Cowan Thomas E. , Gebhardt René , Hans Stefan , Helbig Uwe , Horst Felix , Jansen Jeannette , Kraft Stephan D. , Krause Mechthild , Leßmann Elisabeth , Löck Steffen , Pawelke Jörg , Püschel Thomas , Reimold Marvin , Rehwald Martin , Richter Christian , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Schramm Ulrich , Schürer Michael , Seco Joao , Szabó Emília Rita , Umlandt Marvin E. P. , Zeil Karl , Ziegler Tim , Beyreuther Elke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recently observed FLASH effect describes the observation of normal tissue protection by ultra-high dose rates (UHDR), or dose delivery in a fraction of a second, at similar tumor-killing efficacy of conventional dose delivery and promises great benefits for radiotherapy patients. Dedicated studies are now necessary to define a robust set of dose application parameters for FLASH radiotherapy and to identify underlying mechanisms. These studies require particle accelerators with variable temporal dose application characteristics for numerous radiation qualities, equipped for preclinical radiobiological research. Here we present the dresden platform, a research hub for ultra-high dose rate radiobiology. By uniting clinical and research accelerators with radiobiology infrastructure and know-how, the dresden platform offers a unique environment for studying the FLASH effect. We introduce its experimental capabilities and demonstrate the platform’s suitability for systematic investigation of FLASH by presenting results from a concerted in vivo radiobiology study with zebrafish embryos. The comparative pre-clinical study was conducted across one electron and two proton accelerator facilities, including an advanced laser-driven proton source applied for FLASH-relevant in vivo irradiations for the first time. The data show a protective effect of UHDR irradiation up to $$10^{5}\text{Gy}/\text{s}$$

10
5

Gy
/
s

and suggests consistency of the protective effect even at escalated dose rates of $$10^9\text{Gy}/\text{s}$$

10
9

Gy
/
s

. With the first clinical FLASH studies underway, research facilities like the dresden platform, addressing the open questions surrounding FLASH, are essential to accelerate FLASH’s translation into clinical practice.
Annular one-dimensional photonic crystals for salinity sensing
Authors: Sayed Hassan , Swillam Mohamed A. , Aly Arafa H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe use of annular one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) for salinity sensing is studied in this research. Annular 1D-PCs provide small and integrated structures that facilitate the creation of portable and miniaturized sensor equipment appropriate for field use. In order to generate annular 1D-PCs, the research explores the finite element method (FEM) simulation technique utilizing the COMSOL Multiphysics approach, highlighting the significance of exact control over layer thickness and uniformity. Furthermore, we construct a 1D annular PCs structure in the form $${(AB)}^{N}$$

(
A
B
)

N

, where A is silicon ($$Si$$

Si

) and B is silicon dioxide ($${SiO}_{2}$$

SiO

2

) of 40 nm and 70 nm, respectively, with a number of periods equal to 9. By incorporating a central defect layer of saline water (220 nm thickness), the sensor achieves optimum performance at normal incidence with a sensitivity (S) of $$782 (nm/RIU)$$

782
(
n
m
/
R
I
U
)

, a quality factor (Q) of 10.22, and a figure of merit (FOM) of $$12.6 {RIU}^{-1}$$

12.6

RIU

-
1

. The design that is suggested has several advantages over past work on planners and annular 1D-PCs, including ease of implementation, performance at normal incidence, and high sensitivity.
Tripogon loliiformis tolerates rapid desiccation after metabolic and transcriptional priming during initial drying
Authors: Okemo Pauline A. , Njaci Isaac , Kim Young-Mo , McClure Ryan S. , Peterson Matthew J. , Beliaev Alexander S. , Hixson Kim K. , Mundree Sagadevan , Williams Brett 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCrop plants and undomesticated resilient species employ different strategies to regulate their energy resources and growth. Most crop species are sensitive to stress and prioritise rapid growth to maximise yield or biomass production. In contrast, resilient plants grow slowly, are small, and allocate their resources for survival in challenging environments. One small group of plants, termed resurrection plants, survive desiccation of their vegetative tissue and regain full metabolic activity upon watering. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this extreme tolerance remain unknown. In this study, we employed a transcriptomics and metabolomics approach, to investigate the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in Tripogon loliiformis, a modified desiccation-tolerant plant, that survives gradual but not rapid drying. We show that T. loliiformis can survive rapid desiccation if it is gradually dried to 60% relative water content (RWC). Furthermore, the gene expression data showed that T. loliiformis is genetically predisposed for desiccation in the hydrated state, as evidenced by the accumulation of MYB, NAC, bZIP, WRKY transcription factors along with the phytohormones, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, amino acids (e.g., proline) and TCA cycle sugars during initial drying. Through network analysis of co-expressed genes, we observed differential responses to desiccation between T. loliiformis shoots and roots. Dehydrating shoots displayed global transcriptional changes across broad functional categories, although no enrichment was observed during drying. In contrast, dehydrating roots showed distinct network changes with the most significant differences occurring at 40% RWC. The cumulative effects of the early stress responses may indicate the minimum requirements of desiccation tolerance and enable T. loliiformis to survive rapid drying. These findings potentially hold promise for identifying biotechnological solutions aimed at developing drought-tolerant crops without growth and yield penalties.