bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rx -to- OTC Switch Increased Access and Lowered Cost of Topical Adapalene
Authors: Fix William , Desai Sapana , Nussbaum Dillon , Friedman Adam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Topical adapalene gel is an effective and well tolerated acne treatment that transitioned from prescription to over-the-counter (OTC) availability in 2016. Historically, prescription to OTC transitions have lowered costs to patients and payers and increased access to medications. This study used sales and prescriber data to assess access to topical retinoid therapies and their costs in the pre- and post- Rx-to-OTC transition. We demonstrate that the prescription to OTC transition of adapalene gel increased access to this medication, while lowering costs to patients and payers, including Medicare patients. These results provide a necessary call to action for future OTC shifts with other high safety profile, well-tolerated medications in ultimate efforts and hopes of cost savings for patients, insurers, and Medicare within our healthcare industry.
A New Grid Model for Estimation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Considering Vertical Adjustment Based on Gaussian Function over China
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Zuo Xiaoqing , Guo Shipeng , Xie Shaofeng , Yang Xu , Li Yongning , Yue Xuefu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) play an important role in the troposphere. This study proposed a new ZTD vertical profile grid model considering the height scale factor (NGZTD-H) based on the Gaussian function that adjusts the ZTD from the starting to the target height. To estimate the ZTD directly, a new NGZTD that considers the ZTD delicate diurnal variation was developed. The effectiveness of vertical and spatial interpolation for the NGZTD-H model was validated. Regarding vertical interpolation, the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the NGZTD-H model improved by 58% and 22%, compared to the global pressure and temperature 3 (GPT3) model. For spatial interpolation, the RMSE of the NGZTD-H model improved by 17% compared to that of the GPT3 model. The NGZTD model’s effectiveness for directly estimating the ZTD was validated. The NGZTD model improved by 22% and 31% compared to the GPT3 model using GNSS-derived ZTD and layered ZTD at radiosonde stations, respectively. The NGZTD model exhibited outstanding advantages in capturing diurnal variations and adapting to undulating terrain. This new ZTD model has potential applications in enhancing the reliability of navigation, positioning, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements and is recommended to promote the development of space geodesy techniques.
Root responses to canopy far-red light in cereal-legume crop mixtures
Authors: Wang Jin L. , Evers Jochem B. , Anten Niels P.R. , Li Yitong , Yang Xiaoyi , Douma Jacob C. , Schneider Hannah M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and aims: Above- and belowground signals for and responses to competition in mixed-species stands have been studied mostly separately, leaving it unclear if aboveground signals specific to mixed stands have consequences for how plants respond and compete belowground. This study investigated the effect of an important aboveground signal, the ratio of red to far-red light (R/FR), on plant biomass allocation and root architecture and morphology when plants grow with different species in the vegetative stage.
Methods: A greenhouse experiment with a mixture of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and faba bean (Vicia faba) and their respective mono stands was carried out in deep pots (22.6 L, 72cm in depth). LED lights were used to enrich FR levels (i.e., reduce the R/FR) of the light environment. After 52 days of growth, biomass allocation and root traits were measured.
Results: Exposure to FR light predominantly affected adventitious roots, with species-specific effects. Especially in species mixtures, increased FR caused wheat to produce more adventitious roots per tiller, while adventitious root mass of faba bean decreased. The influence of FR on rooting depth (D75, i.e. depth of 75% of root biomass) was species specific, with higher FR levels causing a reduction in D75 in wheat, but a greater D75 in faba bean.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the remarkable plasticity of adventitious roots, showing them to be highly responsive to low R/FR signals and influenced by the neighboring plant's identity. This highlights the complexity of plants responses to environmental cues and how they modify interspecific interactions.
Dynamic and asymmetric colloidal molecules
Authors: Tan Peng , Fang Huang , Rong Yujie , Chen Yanshuang , Huang Jiping , Tong Hua , Nie Zhihong , Tanaka Hajime , Li Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

''Colloidal molecules'' (CMs) represent artificial colloidal clusters replicating the geometries of molecules and exhibiting flexibility and fluctuations similar to macromolecules and proteins. Their dynamic and anisotropy characters make them unique and indispensable building blocks for creating hierarchically organized superstructures in material sciences. Despite the progress in synthesizing and assembling CMs, unveiling their dynamic characters is challenging in experiments. Here, we employ real-time three-dimensional imaging and simulations to reveal dynamic CM structures in micrometre-sized colloidal-emulsion models with tunable electrostatic interactions. Our findings reveal that CMs' dynamic structures are inherently asymmetric, with angular symmetry emerging through continuous ordering from a liquid-like configuration. We further develop a novel method to guide the ordering of CMs towards a desired structure by dynamically adjusting the ionic strength in the solvent during the ordering process. Our research contributes to a clearer physical understanding of dynamic CMs and offers potential solutions to the complexities inherent in their formation process.
Comparative genomic analysis of the Growth Regulating Factors-Interacting Factors (GIFs) in six Salicaceae species and functional analysis of PeGIF3 reveals their regulatory role in Populus heteromorphic leaves
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Sun Jianhao , Qiu Chen , Jiao Peipei , Wu Zhihua , Li Zhijun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The GIF(Growth-Regulating Factors-Interacting Factors) gene family plays a vital role in regulating plant growth and development, particularly in controlling leaf, seed, and root meristem homeostasis. As an important adaptative trait of heteromorphic leaves in response to desert environment, however, the regulatory mechanism of heteromorphic leaves by GIF genes in Populus euphratica remains unknown.
Results
Our study aimed to identify and characterize the GIF genes in Populus euphratica and other five Salicaceae species to investigate their role in regulating heteromorphic leaf development. We identified and characterized a total of 27 GIF genes across six Salicaceae species (P. euphratica, Populus pruinose, Populus deltoides, Populus trichocarpa, Salix sinopurpurea, and Salix suchowensis) at the genome-wide level. Then, the comparative genomic analysis among these species suggested that the expansion of GIFsmay be derived the specific Salicaceae whole-genome duplication event after their divergence from Arabidopsis. Elements analysis suggested that GIFswere suffering from diverse regulation by hormones and environment clues. Furthermore, the expression data of PeGIFs in heteromorphic leaves, combined with functional information on GIF genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, indicate the role of PeGIFs in regulating leaf development of P. euphratica, especially PeGIFs contain several auxin-related cis-acting elements such as TGA-box. By heterologous expression the PeGIF3 gene in both wild-type plants (Col-0) and gif1mutant of A. thaliana, a significant difference in leaf expansion along the medial-lateral axis, as well as an increased number of leaf cells, along with the increased number of leaf cells was observed between the overexpressed plants and the wild type.
Conclusion
The results indicated that PeGIF3 enhances leaf cell proliferation by modulating transcriptional processes, thereby resulting in the expansion of the central-lateral region of the leaf. Our findings not only provide global insights into the evolutionary features of Salicaceae GIFs, but also reveal the regulatory mechanism of PeGIF3 in heteromorphic leaves in P. euphratica.
Psychometric properties of the newly developed Self-Report Environmental Determinants of Health Questionnaire (EDH-Q)
Authors: Sabo Abdulwali , Kuan Garry , Abdullah Sarimah , Kuay Hue San , Kueh Yee Cheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The environmental determinants of health (EDH) have a significant impact on people's physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Everyone needs access to environmental resources of all types, including food, materials, and energy, to survive. Currently, no valid and reliable instrument exists for evaluating individuals' perceived levels of EDH. Hence, the purpose of this study was to create the environmental determinants of health questionnaire (EDH-Q) and assess its psychometric properties among undergraduate students in Nigeria.
Method
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among university undergraduate students in Nigeria. The respondents were selected using a convenience sampling method to evaluate their perceptions regarding EDH. To determine the psychometric properties of the newly created EDH-Q, the Content Validity Index (CVI), Face Validity Index (FVI), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were all computed.
Results
The study involved 300 respondents in the EFA (males 55.7%, females 44.3%) and 430 respondents in the CFA (males 54.0%, females 46.0%). In the EFA, two constructs were identified (the natural environment and the built environment). The EFA model was able to explain 63.57% of the total cumulative variance, and the factor correlation was 0.671. The Cronbach's alpha values of the two constructs were 0.918 (natural environment) and 0.935 (built environment). In the CFA, six pairs of error covariances were included between items within the same construct to improve the fit indices of the initial proposed measurement model. The final re-specified measurement model showed that the EDH-Q, which has two constructs and 18 items, has adequate construct validity (CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.938, SRMR = 0.046, RMSEA = 0.052, and RMSEA p-value = 0.344). The CRs were 0.845 (natural environment) and 0.854 (built environment). The ICCs were 0.976 (natural environment) and 0.970 (built environment).
Conclusion
The results show that the newly created EDH-Q has sufficient construct validity and may be utilized to assess participants' perceptions of their level of EDH. Researchers should examine this instrument in populations with different age ranges and other demographic characteristics, as the present study only applied it to undergraduate students who may share similar characteristics.
“Trying to remain calm…but I do reach my limit sometimes”: An exploration of the meaning of gentle parenting
Authors: Pezalla Anne E , Davidson Alice 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Raising young children has always been hard, but evidence suggests that it may be getting harder. The isolation of the pandemic, the pressures to fulfill “perfect” parenting standards, and the explosion of “expert” parenting advice on social media have fueled the rise of “gentle parenting,” an approach that pivots away from older, discipline-heavy parenting typologies and which promises the development of happier, healthier children. Despite the popularity of gentle parenting, it has received no empirical scrutiny. The current study represents the first systematic investigation of what gentle parenting entails. Data were gathered from a sample (N = 100) of parents of at least one child between the ages of 2 and 7 from the Midwest, Southeast, and Southwest. Approximately half (n = 49) of the sample identified as “gentle parents.” Inductive analyses identified this approach as one that emphasizes high levels of parental affection and parents’ and children’s emotion regulation. Gentle parenting appears to be distinct from other established measures of parenting approaches in its emphasis on boundaries, but the enactment of those boundaries is not uniform. Overall, gentle parents reported high levels of parenting satisfaction and efficacy, but a subset of gentle parents who were highly critical of themselves reported significantly lower levels of efficacy than the rest of the sample. Statements of parenting uncertainty and burnout were present in over one-third of the gentle parent sample. Implications are discussed for future research and increased support for those who identify as gentle parents.
Humanizing the Research Process: Collaborative Reflections on Prioritizing Research Participants’ Connection, Trust, and Agency
Authors: Pezalla Anne E , Scott Alysssa , Nappa Lex , Hsieh Ta-yang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

All research is a social construction. In this paper, we work to illuminate those moments of co-constructed meaning by taking readers on a “behind the scenes” tour of a collaborative research project that explored educator relationships. We describe our priorities in and care for participant recruitment and scheduling, our post-hoc reflections on the differences in emotional tenor between interviews and focus groups, and our own roles and positionalities within the data collection and analysis process. Action-items are recommended for other group-based qualitative studies to humanize the process of research and prioritize moments of connection, trust, and agency among participants.
Pathway level subtyping identifies a slow-cycling and transcriptionally lethargic biological phenotype associated with poor clinical outcomes in colon cancer independent of genetics
Authors: Malla Sudhir B , Byrne Ryan M , Lafarge Maxime , Corry Shania M , Fisher Natalie C , Tsantoulis Petros , Campbell Andrew , Lannagan Tamsin , Najumudeen Arafath K , Gilroy Kathryn , Amirkhah Raheleh , Maguire Sarah , Mulholland Eoghan , Belnoue-Davis Hayley L , Grassi Elena , Viviani Marco , Rogan Emily , Redmond Keara , Sakhnevych Svetlana , McCooey Aoife , Bull Courtney , Hoey Emily , Sinevici Nicoleta , Hall Holly , Ahmaderaghi Baharak , Domingo Enric , Blake Andrew , Richman Susan , Isella Claudio , Miller Crispin , Bertotti Andrea , Trusolino Livio , Loughrey Maurice , Kerr Emma , Tejpar Sabine , Maughan Tim , Lawler Mark , Leedham Simon J , Koelzer Viktor H , Sansom Owen J , Dunne Philip D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Molecular stratification, across many tumour types, has used gene-level transcriptional data to identify subtypes associated with distinct genotypes and biological traits, as exemplified by the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), and more recently the intrinsic CMS (iCMS), in colorectal cancer. In an attempt to develop molecular subtypes that more closely align to cancer-relevant phenotypic traits in KRAS mutant tumours, here we present an approach that uses gene ontology and biological activation state information, rather than gene-level data, for the initial stages of class discovery. In doing so, we define three unique pathway-derived subtypes (PDS); where PDS1 tumours are highly proliferative and display good prognosis, PDS2 tumours are stroma/immune-rich with intermediate prognosis. The final subtype, PDS3, represent a previously overlooked subset of tumours within CMS2, which display a ‘lethargic’ biological phenotype with neural-like traits and the worst prognosis. Remarkably, these biological and clinical features remain consistent across tumour samples independent of KRAS mutational status, supporting the use of PDS for defining cancer-relevant phenotypes regardless of genetics.
Properties of plant extracts and component composition: column chromatography and IR spectroscopy
Authors: Babich Olga , Samsuev Ilya , Tsibulnikova Anna , Zemlyakova Evgeniya , Popov Alexander , Ivanova Svetlana , Noskova Svetlana , Sukhikh Stanislav 
Published: January 2024

Medicinal plants contain various biologically active substances. This study aimed to investigate properties of plant extracts and component composition of plant raw materials from the continental part Kaliningrad region (Guards district). For this, we used column chromatography and IR spectroscopy.
The objects of the study were samples of plant extracts of Eryngium maritimum, Hedysarum neglectum, Melilotus officinalis, and Aesculus hippocastanum. To produce medicinal plant extracts, we prepared methanol extraction by the Soxhlet method for 8 h (15 cycles). The antioxidant activity of the studied samples was determined by their ability to reduce the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The disk-diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts against such test strains as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans.
In the extracts, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, astragalin, luteolin-7-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid were identified. However, more research is needed to determine which of the individual phenolic compounds in E. maritimum, H. neglectum, M. officinalis, and A. hippocastanum are involved in exhibiting antioxidant activity. It was found that the plant extract of H. neglectum had activity against the bacterium B. subtilis and the mold fungus C. albicans, while the plant extract of E. maritimum was detrimental to the growth and development of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Infrared spectroscopy can help in further studies to determine properties of medicinal plants to ensure the safety and efficacy of plant-based products.
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic urban flood model based on equivalent drainage of manholes
Authors: Xiang Mengshi , Zhang Shanghong , Wu Chuansen , Tang Caihong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Numerical simulations of urban flood events are of great significance in flood control and disaster reduction. An important part of these numerical investigations concerns drainage, which is crucial to the accuracy of the simulation results. To overcome the difficulty of obtaining underground pipe network data and improve the traditional equivalent drainage simulation method, an equivalent drainage model based on manholes is proposed, to simulate urban flooding based on a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The new model is applied to a classic case and the simulation results are compared with those from the MIKE URBAN model to verify the simulation accuracy of the proposed formulation. The submerged areas given by the two models are compared under different rainfall conditions, with an average relative error of 6%. The differences in water depths at various nodes are statistically analyzed, and the average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and average root mean square error are found to be 96% and 0.03 m, respectively. The results of this research provide effective urban flood simulation in areas lacking pipe network data and have important significance for promoting the practical application of refined numerical simulations of urban flooding.
Modelling non-stationary flood frequency in England and Wales using physical covariates
Authors: Faulkner Duncan S. , Longfield Sean , Warren Sarah , Tawn Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Non-stationary methods of flood frequency analysis are widespread in research but rarely implemented by practitioners. One reason may be that research papers on non-stationary statistical models tend to focus on model fitting rather than extracting the sort of results needed by designers and decision makers. It can be difficult to extract useful results from non-stationary models that include stochastic covariates for which the value in any future year is unknown. We explore the motivation for including such covariates, whether on their own or in addition to a covariate based on time. We set out a method for expressing the results of non-stationary models as an integrated flow estimate, which removes the dependence on the covariates. This can be defined either for a particular year or over a longer period of time. The methods are illustrated by application to a set of 375 river gauges across England and Wales. We find annual rainfall to be a useful covariate at many gauges, sometimes in conjunction with a time-based covariate. For estimating flood frequency in future conditions, we advocate exploring hybrid approaches that combine the best attributes of non-stationary statistical models and simulation models that can represent changes in climate and river catchments.
An evaluation of properly operated NSF/ANSI-53 Pb certified drinking water filters in Benton Harbor, MI
Authors: Tully Jennifer , Schock Michael , Shilling Scott , Bosscher Valerie , Lytle Darren , Harmon Stephen , Bennett-Stamper Christina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Communities across the United States and particularly in the Midwest continue to grapple with the complications associated with aging infrastructure. This includes the presence of lead (Pb)-bearing plumbing components such as lead service lines, downstream galvanized iron pipes, and Pb/tin solder. The community of Benton Harbor, MI, experienced six Pb action level exceedances between 2018 and 2021, leading to increasing community concern and a request from the state of Michigan for the US Environmental Protection Agency involvement. Between 9 November and 17 December 2021, US EPA Region 5 and Office of Research and Development, along with the state of Michigan, conducted a water filter efficacy and Pb-nanoparticulate (&lt;100 nm) study to evaluate the performance of NSF/ANSI-53 Pb-certified drinking water filters and the presence of nanoparticulate. In this study, a total of 199 properly installed and operated drinking water filters (combination of faucet mounted and pitcher) were tested in their residential locations. One hundred percent of the water filters were found to perform to the standard to which they were certified, with filtered drinking water Pb concentrations below 5 ppb (maximum observed was 2.5 ppb). In addition, Pb particulate was identified; however, discrete Pb-containing nanoparticles were not widely found or identified.
Land spreading of olive mill wastewater (OMW): Biodegradation of organic matter and polyphenols in soil and effect on the activity of the total soil microflora
Authors: Yaakoubi Abderrahmane , Aganchich Badia , Meddich Abdelilah , Wahbi Said 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Agricultural spreading of olive mill wastewater (OMW) can represent a promising alternative solution, provided that the operation is controlled and the doses applied are respected. However, a reserve toward OMW spreading remains, for fears of possible microbiological negative incidences on the soil. To contribute to assessing this area, we have tried to study their microbiological impact and the fate of OMW polyphenols in soil in a greenhouse. In comparison with untreated soil with OMW (control), the application of 50, 100, and 200 m3/ha was studied for two months. The results obtained revealed that phenolic extracts from raw OMW showed five major peaks by HPLC at 280 nm, which were present only in trace amounts after 2 weeks of treatment at neutral pH. The phenols and organic matter (OM) from OMW were biodegraded or reorganized, and the bacterial population of soil treated with 50 and 100 m3/ha OMW was significantly higher compared to the soil that received water. However, a dose of 200 m3/ha did not affect soil microflora. Consequently, using OMW by direct spreading can be recommended at doses of 50 and 100 m3/ha. Doses higher than those studied, which are considered excessive and not recommended, could have undesirable repercussions.