bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurohormonal response patterns to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness in normal weight, anorexia nervosa, and obesity
Authors: Campos Alejandro , Marek Tomas , Calderon Gerardo , Ghusn Wissam , Cifuentes Lizeth , Sim Leslie A. , Camilleri Michael , Dayyeh Barham Abu , Port John D. , Acosta Andres 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFood intake is regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems that interact in a complex neuro‐hormonal network. Dysregulation in energy intake can lead to obesity (OB) or anorexia nervosa (AN). However, little is known about the neurohormonal response patterns to food intake in normal weight (NW), OB, and AN.Material & MethodsDuring an ad libitum nutrient drink (Ensure®) test (NDT), participants underwent three pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI scans. The first scan was performed before starting the NDT after a > 12 h overnight fast (Hunger), the second after reaching maximal fullness (Satiation), and the third 30‐min after satiation (postprandial fullness). We measured blood levels of ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐1), and peptide YY (PYY) with every pCASL‐MRI scan. Semiquantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps in mL/100 gr brain/min were calculated and normalized (nCBF) with the CBF in the frontoparietal white matter. The hypothalamus (HT), nucleus accumbens [NAc] and dorsal striatum [DS] were selected as regions of interest (ROIs).ResultsA total of 53 participants, 7 with AN, 17 with NW (body‐mass index [BMI] 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), and 29 with OB (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) completed the study. The NW group had a progressive decrease in all five ROIs during the three stages of food intake (hunger, satiation, and post‐prandial fullness). In contrast, participants with OB showed a minimal change from hunger to postprandial fullness in all five ROIs. The AN group had a sustained nCBF in the HT and DS, from hunger to satiation, with a subsequent decrease in nCBF from satiation to postprandial fullness. All three groups had similar hormonal response patterns with a decrease in ghrelin, an increase in GLP‐1 and PYY, and no change in CCK.ConclusionConditions of regulated (NW) and dysregulated (OB and AN) energy intake are associated with distinctive neurohormonal activity patterns in response to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness.
Time‐dependent regulation of respiration is widespread across plant evolution
Authors: Qin Haiyan , Sun Mengqi , Guo Weizhou , He Yingpeng , Yao Yinan , Resco de Dios Víctor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEstablishing the temperature dependence of respiration is critical for accurate predictions of the global carbon cycle under climate change. Diurnal temperature fluctuations, or changes in substrate availability, lead to variations in leaf respiration. Additionally, recent studies hint that the thermal sensitivity of respiration could be time‐dependent. However, the role for endogenous processes, independent from substrate availability, as drivers of temporal changes in the sensitivity of respiration to temperature across phylogenies has not yet been addressed. Here, we examined the diurnal variation in the response of respiration to temperatures (R–T relationship) for different lycophyte, fern, gymnosperm and angiosperm species. We tested whether time‐dependent changes in the R–T relationship would impact leaf level respiration modelling. We hypothesized that interactions between endogenous processes, like the circadian clock, and leaf respiration would be independent from changes in substrate availability. Overall, we observed a time‐dependent sensitivity in the R–T relationship across phylogenies, independent of temperature, that affected modelling parameters. These results are compatible with circadian gating of respiration, but further studies should analyse the possible involvement of the clock. Our results indicate time‐dependent regulation of respiration might be widespread across phylogenies, and that endogenous regulation of respiration is likely affecting leaf‐level respiration fluxes.
Towards transparency: adoption of WHO best practices in clinical trial registration and reporting among top medical research funders in the USA
Authors: Gamertsfelder Elise , Delgado Figueroa Netzahualpilli , Keestra Sarai , Silva Alan Rossi , Borana Ronak , Siebert Maximilian , Bruckner Till 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo assess to what extent the clinical trial policies of the largest public and philanthropic funders of clinical research in the United States meet WHO best practices in trial registration and reporting.MethodsPublic and philanthropic funders of clinical trials in the USA with >US$50 million annual spend were selected. The funders were assessed using an 11-item scoring tool based on WHO Joint Statement benchmarks. These 11 items fell into 4 categories, namely: trial registration, academic publication, monitoring and sanctions. An additional item captured whether and how funders referred to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) within their trial policies. Each funder was independently assessed by two or three researchers. Funders were contacted to flag possible errors and omissions. Ambiguous or difficult-to-score items were settled by an independent adjudicator.ResultsFourteen funders were assessed. Our cross-sectional study found that, on average, funders have only implemented 4.1/11 (37%) of WHO best practices in clinical trial transparency. The most frequently adopted requirement was open access publishing (14/14 funders). The least frequently adopted were (1) requiring trial ID to appear in all publications (2/14 funders, 14%) and (2) making compliance reports public (2/14 funders, 14%). Public funders, on average, adopted more policy elements (5.2/11 items, 47%) than philanthropic funders (2.8/11 items, 25%). Only one funder’s policy documents mentioned the CONSORT statement.ConclusionsThere is a significant variation between the number of best practice policy items adopted by medical research funders in the USA. Many funders fell significantly short of WHO Joint Statement benchmarks. Each funder could benefit from policy revision and strengthening.
Effect of Fluorohydroxyapatite on Biological and Physical Properties of MTA Angelus
Authors: Bolhari Behnam , Chitsaz Nazanin , Nazari Sara , Behroozibakhsh Marjan , Sooratgar Aidin , Hashemian Atieh 
Published: November 2023

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHI) on biological and physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus. Materials and Methods. In this in vitro, experimental study, nano-FHI powder was first synthesized, and the morphology and chemical structure of particles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Three groups were evaluated in this study: MTA Angelus, MTA modified with 10% FHA, and MTA modified with 15% FHA. After mixing, the materials were applied to ring molds (10 mm diameter, 1 mm height), and the setting time of the three groups was evaluated according to ISO6876 and ASTMC266-03 with a Gillmore needle. The pH was measured using a pH meter at 24 and 48 hours and 7 days after mixing. The cytotoxicity of the materials was assessed in freshly mixed form and after 1 and 7 days using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay according to ISO10993-5. Data were analyzed by one-way and repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05). Results. The addition of FHA to MTA significantly decreased the initial setting time (

P

< 0.05) and had no significant effect on cell viability (compared with pure MTA Angelus) at 1 and 7 days. However, modified MTA groups in freshly mixed form showed significantly lower cell viability (

P

< 0.05). The pH remained alkaline at all time points. Conclusion. Addition of 15% FHA to MTA Angelus decreased its setting time with no adverse effect on cell viability (except for fresh form) or pH.
Phase Ib Trial of Phenformin in Patients with V600-mutated Melanoma Receiving Dabrafenib and Trametinib
Authors: Chapman Paul B. , Klang Mark , Postow Michael A. , Shoushtari Alexander Noor , Sullivan Ryan J. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Merghoub Taha , Budhu Sadna , Wong Phillip , Callahan Margaret K. , Zheng Bin , Zippin Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Preclinical studies show that activation of AMP kinase by phenformin can augment the cytotoxic effect and RAF inhibitors in BRAF V600-mutated melanoma. We conducted a phase Ib dose-escalation trial of phenformin with standard dose dabrafenib/trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF V600-mutated melanoma.

Experimental Design:
We used a 3+3 dose-escalation design which explored phenformin doses between 50 and 200 mg twice daily. Patients also received standard dose dabrafenib/trametinib. We measured phenformin pharmacokinetics and assessed the effect of treatment on circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC).

Results:
A total of 18 patients were treated at dose levels ranging from 50 to 200 mg twice daily. The planned dose-escalation phase had to be cancelled because of the COVID 19 pandemic. The most common toxicities were nausea/vomiting; there were two cases of reversible lactic acidosis. Responses were seen in 10 of 18 patients overall (56%) and in 2 of 8 patients who had received prior therapy with RAF inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic data confirmed drug bioavailability. MDSCs were measured in 7 patients treated at the highest dose levels and showed MDSC levels declined on study drug in 6 of 7 patients.

Conclusions:
We identified the recommended phase II dose of phenformin as 50 mg twice daily when administered with dabrafenib/trametinib, although some patients will require short drug holidays. We observed a decrease in MDSCs, as predicted by preclinical studies, and may enhance immune recognition of melanoma cells.

Significance:
This is the first trial using phenformin in combination with RAF/MEK inhibition in patients with BRAF V600-mutated melanoma. This is a novel strategy, based on preclinical data, to increase pAMPK while blocking the MAPK pathway in melanoma. Our data provide justification and a recommended dose for a phase II trial.
Off-Label Dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Among Inpatients With Atrial Fibrillation in the United States
Authors: Sandhu Amneet , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Chiswell Karen , Shimoga Vijay , Ashur Carmel , Pribish Abby , Fonarow Gregg C. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Ho P. Michael , Varosy Paul D. , Hess Paul L. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Among patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation, the frequency of off-label direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) dosing, associated factors, hospital-level variation, and temporal trends in contemporary practice are unknown.

METHODS:
Using the Get With The Guidelines–Atrial Fibrillation registry, patients admitted from January 1, 2014, to March 31, 2020, and discharged on DOACs were stratified according to receipt of underdosing, overdosing, or recommended dosing. Factors associated with off-label dosing (defined as underdosing or overdosing) were identified using logistic regression. Median odds ratio (OR) and time-series analyses were used to assess hospital-level variation and temporal trends, respectively.

RESULTS:

Of 22 470 patients (70.1±12.1 years, 48.1% female, 82.5% White) prescribed a DOAC at discharge from hospitalization for atrial fibrillation (66% apixaban, 29% rivaroxaban, and 5% dabigatran), underdosing occurred among 2006 (8.9%), overdosing among 511 (2.3%), and recommended dosing among 19 953 (88.8%). The overall rate of off-label dosing was 11.2%. Patient-related factors associated with off-label dose included age (underdosing: OR, 1.06 per 1-year increase [95% CI, 1.06–1.07]; overdosing: OR, 1.07 per 1-year increase [95% CI, 1.06–1.09]), dialysis dependence (underdosing: OR, 5.50 [95% CI, 3.76–8.05]; overdosing: OR, 5.47 [95% CI, 2.74–10.88]), female sex (overdosing: OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.63–0.99]), and weight (overdosing: OR, 0.96 per 1-kg increase [95% CI, 0.95–1.00]). Across hospitals, the adjusted median OR for off-label DOAC dose was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.34–1.65; underdosing: OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.39–1.76]; overdosing: OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.20–1.84]), indicating significant hospital-level variation. Over the study period, recommended dosing significantly increased over time (81.9%–90.9%;
P
<0.0001 for trend) with a corresponding decline in underdosing (14.4%–6.6%;
P
<0.0001 for trend) and overdosing (3.8%–2.5%;
P
=0.001 for trend).

CONCLUSIONS:
Over 1 in 10 patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation are discharged on an off-label DOAC dose with significant variation across hospitals. While the proportion of patients receiving recommended dosing has significantly improved over time, opportunities to improve DOAC dosing persist.
Tumor treating fields increases blood-brain barrier permeability and relative cerebral blood volume in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Iv Michael , Naya Lewis , Sanan Sajal , Van Buskirk Samuel L , Nagpal Seema , Thomas Reena P , Recht Lawrence D , Patel Chirag B 
Published: November 2023

Background and objective 200 kHz tumor treating fields (TTFields) is clinically approved for newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM). Because its effects on conventional surveillance MRI brain scans are equivocal, we investigated its effects on perfusion MRI (pMRI) brain scans. Methods Each patient underwent institutional standard pMRI: dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) pMRI at three time points: baseline, 2-, and 6-months on-adjuvant therapy. At each timepoint, the difference between T1 pre- versus post-contrast tumor volume (ΔT1) and these pMRI metrics were evaluated: normalized and standardized relative cerebral blood volume (nRCBV, sRCBV); fractional plasma volume (Vp), volume of extravascular extracellular space (EES) per volume of tissue (Ve), blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability (Ktrans), and time constant for gadolinium reflux from EES back into the vascular system (Kep). Between-group comparisons were performed using rank-sum analysis, and bootstrapping evaluated likely reproducibility of the results. Results Among 13 pMRI datasets (11 nGBM, 2 recurrent GBM), therapies included temozolomide-only ( n = 9) and temozolomide + TTFields ( n = 4). No significant differences were found in patient or tumor characteristics. Compared to temozolomide-only, temozolomide + TTFields did not significantly affect the percent-change in pMRI metrics from baseline to 2 months. But during the 2- to 6-month period, temozolomide + TTFields significantly increased the percent-change in nRCBV (+26.9% [interquartile range 55.1%] vs -39.1% [37.0%], p = 0.049), sRCBV (+9.5% [39.7%] vs -30.5% [39.4%], p = 0.049), Ktrans (+54.6% [1768.4%] vs -26.9% [61.2%], p = 0.024), Ve (+111.0% [518.1%] vs -13.0% [22.5%], p = 0.048), and Vp (+98.8% [2172.4%] vs -24.6% [53.3%], p = 0.024) compared to temozolomide-only. Conclusion Using pMRI, we provide initial in-human validation of pre-clinical studies regarding the effects of TTFields on tumor blood volume and BBB permeability in GBM.
“We’ll Be Farmers When We Grow Up”: Education for Humanization and the Legacy of Critical Literacy Education in Korea
Authors: Lee Yoonmi 
Published: November 2023

Purpose This article explores the literary work of a teacher and activist, Yi O-Deok, as a lens to approach historically and culturally embedded notions of humanization in education in Korea. Anchored in the ethos of “Asia as Method,” this study offers a unique perspective that exemplifies the importance of the local sociocultural context in Asia in enriching our understanding of universal concepts. Design/Approach/Methods This study adopts a methodological approach centered around the examination of Yi O-Deok's work and his influence on critical literacy education. Key source materials include Yi's extensive five-volume diary and the various literary pieces he edited from the 1950s to the 1980s. Findings Yi O-Deok's philosophy on humanizing education, deeply influenced by local contexts, provides a distinct, non-Western perspective. It offers a critical counterpoint to Western-centric educational paradigms and enriches the broader understanding of humanization in education. Originality/Value The uniqueness of this study resides in its focus on children's writings, affirming faith in the unfiltered expressions of their pure spirits encapsulated in the raw “languages of the soil,” which have persevered through the sociopolitical upheavals of Korea's modern history. This in turn strengthens the call for a nuanced, non-Western interpretation of the concept of “humanization” in education.
Barriers and Facilitators to Uptake of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth
Authors: Peyyety Vaishnavi , Zupa Margaret F. , Hewitt Brianna , Rodriguez Gonzalez Adriana , Mani Iswariya , Prioleau Temiloluwa , McCurley Jessica , Lin Yu Kuei , Vajravelu Mary Ellen 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors impacting the acceptability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In this single-center study, semistructured interviews were conducted with AYAs with T2DM and their parents to determine attitudes about CGM, including barriers and facilitators. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and evaluated using thematic analysis. Results: Twenty AYAs and 10 parents participated (n = 30 total). AYAs were mean age 16.5 years (SD 2.2, range = 13.7-20.1) and had median diabetes duration of 1.3 years. Most were female (65%) and from minoritized background (40% non-Hispanic Black, 10% Hispanic, 5% Asian). Seven (35%) used CGM. The primary facilitator elicited was convenience over glucose meter use. Important barriers included the impact of physically wearing the device and drawing unwanted attention, desire for AYA privacy, and inadequate education about the device. Conclusions: In this diverse sample of AYAs with T2DM and their parents, CGM was generally regarded as convenient, although concerns about worsening stigma and conflict with parents were prevalent. These findings can guide the development of patient-centered approaches to CGM for AYAs with T2DM, a critical step toward reducing inequities in diabetes technology uptake.
Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament With a Single Combined Femoral Tunnel
Authors: Giardino Moreira da Silva Andre , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Bonadio Marcelo Batista , Angelini Fabio Janson , Pécora José Ricardo , Helito Camilo Partezani 
Published: November 2023

Background: Lesions of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) are the most common knee ligament injuries and, when they occur in isolation, they often progress with satisfactory outcomes using conservative treatment. However, MCL lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries in knee dislocations should be reconstructed to prevent failure of the central pivot. In knees with combined injuries involving the PCL and the MCL, the confluence of tunnels in the medial femoral condyle can be a potential problem during reconstruction surgery. Indications: The indication of this technique is the combined injury of the PCL and the MCL. Technique Description: The technique consists in the reconstruction of the PCL and the MCL with an Achilles tendon allograft. The bone plug of the graft is fixed on the tibial bed with the inlay technique. The graft passes through a single femoral tunnel drilled in the medial femoral condyle, with entrance point on the footprint of the PCL on the inner wall of the condyle and exit on the origin of the native MCL, near to the medial epicondyle. The graft is fixed in the femoral tunnel with an interference screw and continues to the isometric point of the anatomic insertion of the MCL in the tibia, where an interference screw is used to fix it. Results: Results from our group using this technique have shown good clinical outcomes, with complications and failure rates similar to other series in the literature. Discussion/Conclusion: This technique is an excellent option for surgeons, when an Achilles tendon allograft is available, to avoid confluence of tunnels in the medial femoral condyle. It presents good results and acceptable complication rates, compatible with the severity of this lesion. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Effects of laryngeal mask ventilation on postoperative atelectasis in children undergoing day surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cai Weiwei , Gu Wei , Ni Huanhuan , Zhao Longde , Zhong Shan , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare the effects of laryngeal mask mechanical ventilation and preserved spontaneous breathing on postoperative atelectasis in children undergoing day surgery.

Methods
Children aged 3–7 who underwent elective day surgery were randomly divided into a spontaneous breathing group (n = 23) and a mechanical ventilation group (n = 23). All children enrolled in this trial used the same anesthesia induction protocol, the incidence and severity of atelectasis before induction and after operation were collected. In addition, the baseline data, intraoperative vital signs, ventilator parameters and whether there were complications such as reflux and aspiration were also collected. SPSS was used to calculate whether there was a statistical difference between these indicators.

Results
The incidence of atelectasis in the spontaneous breathing group was 91.30%, and 39.13% in the mechanical ventilation group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in carbon dioxide (P < 0.05), and the severity of postoperative atelectasis in the mechanical ventilation group was lower than that in the spontaneous breathing group (P < 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the vital signs and baseline data of the patients (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Laryngeal mask mechanical ventilation can reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative atelectasis in children undergoing day surgery, and we didn’t encounter any complications such as reflux and aspiration in children during the perioperative period, so mechanical ventilation was recommended to be used for airway management.

Trial registration
The clinical trial was registered retrospectively at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (https://www.chictr.org.cn. Registration number ChiCTR2300071396, Weiwei Cai, 15 May 2023).