bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Management of Facial Nerve Schwannomas and Hemangiomas
Authors: Dandinarasaiah Manjunath , Grinblat Golda , Keshavamurthy Venkatesha Belur , Di Rubbo Vittoria M. , Alessandra Russo , Lauda Lorenzo , Sanna Mario 
Published: October 2023

Objectives
To characterize facial nerve (FN) schwannomas (FNSs) and FN hemangiomas (FNHs) and their clinical features and management strategies, and to describe the results of cable nerve grafting after FN sectioning during tumor removal.

Methods
This retrospective study included 84 FNS cases and 42 FNH cases managed between July 1989 and July 2020 at a quaternary referral center for skull base pathology. Clinical details, locations, management, and results of cable nerve grafting at 1 year and during an average period of 3.12 years were evaluated. Sural nerve interpositioning was performed for patients who experienced FN paralysis for less than 1 year and underwent nerve sectioning during tumor removal.

Results
FNSs more often involved multiple segments compared with FNHs. The cerebellopontine angle and the mastoid segments were involved in 16 (19.1%) and 34 (40.5%) FNS cases, respectively; however, the cerebellopontine angle and the mastoid segments were involved in 0 and 7 (16.7%) FNH cases, respectively. Sectioned nerves of 99 patients (78.6%) were restored using interposition cable grafting. At the last follow-up evaluation, 56.3% of FNSs and 60.7% of FNHs attained House–Brackmann (HB) grade III. Lower preoperative HB grades were associated with poorer postoperative outcomes. For FNSs, the mean HB grades were 4.13 at 1 year postoperatively and 3.75 at the last follow-up evaluation (p = 0.001); however, for FNHs, the mean HB grades were 4.04 postoperatively and 3.75 at the last follow-up evaluation. Therefore, extradural coaptation yielded better outcomes.

Conclusion
FNSs can occur along any part of the FN along its course, and FNHs are concentrated around the area of geniculate ganglion. The results of cable inter positioning grafts are better in patients with preoperative FN-HB-III or less when compared with higher grades. The outcome of the interpositioning continues to improve even after 1 year in extradural coaptation.
Identification of Risk Factors for Mortality and Prolonged Hospitalization in Patients Treated With Surgical Drainage for Otogenic Intracranial Complications: A Nationwide Study Using a Japanese Inpatient Database
Authors: Hidaka Hiroshi , Tarasawa Kunio , Fujimori Kenji , Obara Taku , Fushimi Kiyohide , Shimamura Akihiro , Iwai Hiroshi 
Published: October 2023

Objective
Data on risk factors for otogenic intracranial complications including cerebral abscess have been limited. Using a nationwide database, the aim was to identify the factors related to mortality and delayed discharge.

Study Design
Retrospective.

Setting
Nationwide database using the Diagnostic Procedure Combination database.

Main Outcome Measures
Data of 145 patients were extracted from a Japanese inpatient database between 2012 and 2020. The main outcome was survival at discharge. In a subgroup analysis of the 137 surviving patients, the second outcome was delayed discharge.

Results
The mortality rate was 5.5% (8 of 145). Logistic regression analyses identified intracerebral complications (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.09) and more than 2-day delay of the first surgery after admission (adjusted OR, 4.68) as risk factors for mortality. Specifically, consciousness level evaluated by the Japan Coma Scale (JCS) was significantly related to prolonged hospitalization or mortality: JCS I (adjusted OR, 3.40) and JCS ≥II (adjusted OR, 25.1).

Conclusions
Although otogenic intracranial complications are rare, and their mortality is decreasing because of the progress in imaging and clinical strategies, they remain the most severe complications of suppurative otitis media and/or cholesteatoma. Consciousness level at admission, comorbid diabetes mellitus, and a greater than 2-day delay of surgical intervention were related to prolonged hospitalization or mortality.
The management of severe traumatic brain injury in the initial postinjury hours – current evidence and controversies
Authors: Hossain Iftakher , Rostami Elham , Marklund Niklas 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of recent studies discussing novel strategies, controversies, and challenges in the management of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in the initial postinjury hours.

Recent findings
Prehospital management of sTBI should adhere to Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles. Maintaining oxygen saturation and blood pressure within target ranges on-scene by anesthetist, emergency physician or trained paramedics has resulted in improved outcomes. Emergency department (ED) management prioritizes airway control, stable blood pressure, spinal immobilization, and correction of impaired coagulation. Noninvasive techniques such as optic nerve sheath diameter measurement, pupillometry, and transcranial Doppler may aid in detecting intracranial hypertension. Osmotherapy and hyperventilation are effective as temporary measures to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP). Emergent computed tomography (CT) findings guide surgical interventions such as decompressive craniectomy, or evacuation of mass lesions. There are no neuroprotective drugs with proven clinical benefit, and steroids and hypothermia cannot be recommended due to adverse effects in randomized controlled trials.

Summary
Advancement of the prehospital and ED care that include stabilization of physiological parameters, rapid correction of impaired coagulation, noninvasive techniques to identify raised ICP, emergent surgical evacuation of mass lesions and/or decompressive craniectomy, and temporary measures to counteract increased ICP play pivotal roles in the initial management of sTBI. Individualized approaches considering the underlying pathology are crucial for accurate outcome prediction.
Maternal and fetal outcomes of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: a population-based study
Authors: Niu Chengu , Zhang Jing , Liu Hongli , Zhu Kaiwen , Okolo Patrick I. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy can have negative effects on both the mother and the fetus. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the trends, maternal and fetal outcomes, and associated comorbidities of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy using data from the USA National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of hospital discharge records from the NIS database from 2009 to 2019.

Results
Delivery patients with acute pancreatitis faced a higher risk of maternal mortality (AOR 91.02, 95% CI 28.47–291.06), postpartum hemorrhage (AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02–2.49), and hypertensive complications (defined as preeclampsia, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome) (AOR 3.42, 95% CI 2.56–4.56) compared to those without acute pancreatitis. Moreover, we saw an increased incidence of preterm labor (AOR 3.94, 95% CI 3.02–5.12) and fetal death (AOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.76–5.53). Rates of fetal restriction and large fetal size were comparable. Additionally, the acute pancreatitis group showed higher rates of acute kidney injury (4.2% vs. 0.06%; AOR, 31.02, 95% CI 12.50–76.98), severe sepsis (0.8% vs. 0.01%; AOR, 34.49, 95% CI 7.67–155.14), and respiratory failure (2.4% vs. 0.06%; AOR, 20.77, 95% CI (8.55–50.41). There were no significant differences in maternal and perinatal outcomes in biliary pancreatitis after the intervention compared to conservative treatment.

Conclusion
Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy can have negative effects on both the mother and fetus. Treatment for biliary pancreatitis does not affect maternal and fetal outcomes. An interdisciplinary approach is essential to ensure optimal outcomes for mothers and their offspring in these cases.
The correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Liu Xin , Shi Haitao , Chen Fenrong , Sun Linlang , Gao Xin , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2023

Objective
The incidence of UC has increased yearly. Many studies have suggested that patients with ulcerative colitis have abnormal vitamin D levels. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and ulcerative colitis.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) from inception to December 2022. We included case-control studies comparing the differences in vitamin D levels between patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy populations. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager5.4, Stata17.0 and other software.

Results
Sixteen eligible observational studies were selected from 473 articles involving 2234 subjects, and they included 987 patients with ulcerative colitis and 1247 controls. The results showed that the serum level of vitamin D in patients with ulcerative colitis was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.18, −0.48). Vitamin D deficiency was reported in five studies. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the ulcerative colitis group than in the healthy control group (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.62).

Conclusion
Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with ulcerative colitis than in healthy controls.
Exploring Clinical Practice Hours in Postbaccalaureate-to-Doctor of Nursing Practice Nurse Practitioner Programs
Authors: Stager Sharon L. , Mitchell Sheryl , Bigley Mary Beth , Kelly-Weeder Susan , Fogg Louis 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Advanced practice nursing education is evolving to the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) DNP Essentials required 1000 hours of direct patient care, whereas the Report of the National Task Force on Quality Nurse Practitioner Education (NTF) Criteria for Evaluation of Nurse Practitioner Programs required 500 direct patient care hours. Indirect hours were unclear and undefined. The AACN Essentials changed the 1000-hour requirement to 500 practice hours, and the NTF increased the direct patient care hours to 750.

Purpose:
The study sought to describe the distribution of direct and indirect hours that the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties member schools offer in their seamless postbaccalaureate-to-DNP nurse practitioner (NP) program.

Method:
A quantitative survey was distributed to schools of nursing.

Results:
Eighty-six surveys represented 86 distinct schools and 112 NP programs. Supervised direct patient care hours were an average of 791.31 hours. Indirect hours averaged 170.08 hours. The DNP project hours served as an indirect hour activity.

Conclusion:
Many schools have more than 750 direct hours adhering to the 2022 NTF Standards. The indirect hour allocation varies and weighs heavily on the DNP project.
Variable Adjustment Methods for Hemihamate Autograft Arthroplasty in Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fracture/Dislocations
Authors: Heo Jae-Woo , Whang Jong Ick , Park Hyun Sik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Proximal interphalangeal joint fracture/dislocations, even after surgical correction, often lead to long-term complications including posttraumatic arthritis, prolonged joint stiffness, and chronic joint instability. A wide range of surgical techniques has been devised to resolve this issue, but none has been promising enough. Despite this circumstance, arthroplasty using a hemihamate autograft of size and contour that match the middle phalangeal base has progressed into one of more acceptable methods that provide both articular congruency and osseous stability. In this article, we introduce various types of proximal interphalangeal joint fracture/dislocations and individualized surgical approach using hemihamate autograft and lag screw and/or hook plate as fixation methods.
Associations between natural sunlight exposure and brain structural markers: a prospective study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Li Huihui , Cui Fusheng , Wang Tong , Wang Weijing , Zhang Dongfeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveSunlight is closely intertwined with daily life. It remains unclear whether there are associations between sunlight exposure and brain structural markers.MethodsThis longitudinal study utilized baseline data (2006-2010) and follow-up data (2014+) from the UK Biobank. General linear regression analysis was employed to compare the differences in brain structural markers among different sunlight exposure time groups. Stratification analyses were performed based on sex, age, and diseases (hypertension, stroke, diabetes). Limiting cubic splines were performed to examine the dose-response relationship between natural sunlight exposure and brain structural markers, with further stratification by season. To control environmental and genetic factor, we adjusted PM2.5 and PRS for Alzheimer’s disease.ResultsA total of 27,474 participants were included in the final analyses. The association of sunlight exposure time with brain structural markers was found in the upper quartile compared to the lower quartile. Prolonged natural sunlight exposure was associated with the volumes of total brain (β: -0.051, P < 0.001), white matter (β: -0.031, P = 0.023), gray matter (β: -0.067, P < 0.001), and white matter hyperintensities (β: 0.059, P < 0.001). These associations were more pronounced in males and individuals under the age of 60. With daily sunlight exposure approximately exceeding 2 hours, we observed that total brain volume and gray matter volume decreased, while white matter high hyperintensity volume increased with prolonged sunlight exposure duration.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that prolonged exposure to natural sunlight is associated with brain structural markers change. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying the association between natural sunlight and brain health.
A General Single-Cell Analysis Framework via Conditional Diffusion Generative Models
Authors: Tang Wenzhuo , Liu Renming , Wen Hongzhi , Dai Xinnan , Ding Jiayuan , Li Hang , Fan Wenqi , Xie Yuying , Tang Jiliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe fast-growing single-cell analysis community extends the horizon of quantitative analysis to numerous computational tasks. While the tasks hold vastly different targets from each other, existing works typically design specific model frameworks according to the downstream objectives. In this work, we propose a general single-cell analysis framework by unifying common computational tasks as posterior estimation problems. In light of conditional diffusion generative models, we introducescDiffthrough the proposed framework and study different conditioning strategies. With data-specific conditions,scDiffachieves competitive performance against state-of-the-art in various benchmarking tasks. In addition, we illustrate the flexibility ofscDiffby incorporating prior information through large language models and graph neural networks. Additional few-shot and zero-shot experiments prove the effectiveness of the prior conditioner onscDiff. Our implementation is publicly available athttps://github.com/OmicsML/scDiff.
Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Clustering with an Optimized Adaptive K-Nearest Neighbor Graph
Authors: Li Jia , Shyr Yu , Liu Qi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSingle-cell and spatial transcriptomics have been widely used to characterize cellular landscape in complex tissues. To understand cellular heterogeneity, one essential step is to define cell types through unsupervised clustering. While typical clustering methods have difficulty in identifying rare cell types, approaches specifically tailored to detect rare cell types gain their ability at the cost of poorer performance for grouping abundant ones. Here, we developed aKNNO, a method to identify abundant and rare cell types simultaneously based on an adaptive k-nearest neighbor graph with optimization. Benchmarked on 38 simulated and 20 single-cell and spatial transcriptomics datasets, aKNNO identified both abundant and rare cell types accurately. Without sacrificing performance for clustering abundant cell types, aKNNO discovered known and novel rare cell types that those typical and even specifically tailored methods failed to detect. aKNNO, using transcriptome alone, stereotyped fine-grained anatomical structures more precisely than those integrative approaches combining expression with spatial locations and histology image.
Evaluating the patterning cascade model of tooth morphogenesis in the human lower mixed and permanent dentition
Authors: Kenessey Dori E. , Stojanowski Christopher M. , Paul Kathleen S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe patterning cascade model of crown morphogenesis has been studied extensively in a variety of organisms to elucidate the evolutionary history surrounding postcanine tooth form. The current research examines the degree to which model expectations are reflected in the crown configuration of lower deciduous and permanent molars in a modern human sample. This study has two main goals: 1) to determine if metameric and antimeric pairs significantly differ in size, accessory trait expression, and relative intercusp spacing, and 2) to establish if the relative distance among early-forming cusps accounts for observed variation in accessory cusp expression.MethodsTooth size, intercusp distance, and morphological trait expression data were collected from 3D scans of mandibular dental casts representing 124 individual participants of the Harvard Solomon Islands Project. Paired tests were utilized to compare tooth size, accessory trait expression, and relative intercusp distance between diphyodont metameres and permanent antimeres. Proportional odds logistic regression was implemented to investigate how the likelihood of accessory cusp formation varies as a function of the distance between early-developing cusps.Results/SignificanceFor paired molars, results indicated significant discrepancies in tooth size and cusp 5 expression, but not cusp 6 and cusp 7 expression. Several relative intercusp distances emerged as important predictors of accessory cusp expression. These findings support previous quantitative genetic results and suggest the development of neighboring crown structures represents a zero-sum partitioning of cellular territory and resources. As such, this study contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of deciduous and permanent molar crown configuration in humans.
Two complementary circuits for spatial navigation in mouse: evidence from Fos mapping
Authors: Balcerek Edyta , Włodkowska Urszula , Czajkowski Rafał 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe designed and implemented a novel spatial behavioral protocol based on the figure 8 maze paradigm. This solution employs a fully automated closed-loop system using visual contexts for guiding behavior. It allows high throughput testing of large cohorts of animals. This automated approach highly reduces the effect of stress, but also eliminates the influence of rule learning and the involvement of working memory. Here, we show that training mice in the apparatus leads to change in strategy from internal tendency to alternate into navigation based exclusively on visual cues. This effect could be achieved using two different protocols: prolonged alternation training, or a flexible protocol with unpredictable turn succession. We provide evidence of opposing levels of engagement of hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex after training mice in these two different regimens. This supports the hypothesis of the existence of parallel circuits supporting navigation, one based on the well described hippocampal representation, and another, RSC-dependent.
Clinically relevant humanized mouse models of metastatic prostate cancer to evaluate cancer therapies
Authors: Kostlan Raymond J. , Phoenix John T. , Budreika Audris , Ferrari Marina G. , Khurana Neetika , Cho Jae Eun , Juckette Kristin , McCollum Brooke L. , Moskal Russell , Mannan Rahul , Qiao Yuanyuan , Vander Griend Donald J. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Kregel Steven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is tremendous need for improved prostate cancer (PCa) models. The mouse prostate does not spontaneously form tumors and is anatomically and developmentally different from the human prostate. Engineered mouse models lack the heterogeneity of human cancer and rarely establish metastatic growth. Human xenografts represent an alternative but rely on an immunocompromised host. Accordingly, we generated PCa murine xenograft models with an intact human immune system (huNOG and huNOG-EXL mice) to test whether humanizing tumor-immune interactions would improve modeling of metastatic PCa and the impact of hormonal and immunotherapies. These mice maintain multiple human cell lineages, including functional human T-cells and myeloid cells. In 22Rv1 xenografts, subcutaneous tumor size was not significantly altered across conditions; however, metastasis to secondary sites differed in castrate huNOG vs background-matched immunocompromised mice treated with enzalutamide (enza). VCaP xenograft tumors showed decreases in growth with enza and anti-Programed-Death-1 treatments in huNOG mice, and no effect was seen with treatment in NOG mice. Enza responses in huNOG and NOG mice were distinct and associated with increased T-cells within tumors of enza treated huNOG mice, and increased T-cell activation. In huNOG-EXL mice, which support human myeloid development, there was a strong population of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells and Myeloid-Derived-Suppressor-Cells (MDSCs), and enza treatment showed no difference in metastasis. Results illustrate, to our knowledge, the first model of human PCa that metastasizes to clinically relevant locations, has an intact human immune system, responds appropriately to standard-of-care hormonal therapies, and can model both an immunosuppressive and checkpoint-inhibition responsive immune microenvironment.
The chromatin accessibility dynamics during cell fate specifications in zebrafish early embryogenesis
Authors: Xu Qiushi , Zhang Yunlong , Xu Wei , Liu Dong , Jin Wenfei , Chen Xi , Hong Ni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChromatin accessibility plays a critical role in the regulation of cell fate decisions. Although gene expression changes have been extensively profiled at the single-cell level during early embryogenesis, the dynamics of chromatin accessibility atcis-regulatory elements remain poorly studied. Here, we used a plate-based single-cell ATAC-seq method to profile the chromatin accessibility dynamics of over 10, 000 nuclei from zebrafish embryos. We investigated several important time points immediately after zygotic genome activation (ZGA), covering key developmental stages up to dome. The results revealed key chromatin signatures in the first cell fate specifications when cells start to differentiate into enveloping layer (EVL) and yolk syncytial layer (YSL) cells. Finally, we uncovered many potential cell-type specific enhancers and transcription factor motifs that are important for the cell fate specifications.