bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital space‐occupying lesions in Denmark 1974 –1997
Authors: Johansen Sven , Heegaard Steffen , Bøgeskov Lars , Prause Jan Ulrik 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To determine the frequency, distribution according to diagnosis and the recurrence frequency of orbital space‐occupying lesions in Denmark, to determine sex and age of the patients and to establish a national orbital data register.Methods: All biopsied/surgically removed orbital lesions collected by Danish pathological departments during the period 1974–1997 were identified by SNOMED codes. In addition, in each case gender and age of the patients and number of recurrences were registered.Results: 965 orbital lesions from 841 patients were identified during the 24‐year period. The incidence of orbital lesions increased significantly over the study period and at present about 80 cases/year are registered. The ratio benign/malignant lesion per year remained constant during the observation period. Lesions in children constituted a total of 152 (16%), the percentage of lesions in children being constant during the period. Malignant tumors comprised a total of 364 (45%) in adults and 34 (22%) in children. Malignant tumors were in adults distributed with 43% primary, 48% secondary invading and 9% metastatic tumors, and in children with 65% primary, 29% secondary invading and 6% metastatic tumors. Normal tissue was only found in 6% of the cases recorded.Conclusion: A registration of all histologically evaluated orbital space‐occupying lesions in Denmark during a period of 24 years was performed and a national orbital database established. Orbital lesions are rare and primarily benign.
Visually impaired Swedish children. The 1980 cohort study; a 19‐year ophthalmological follow‐up
Authors: Blohmé Jonas , Tornqvist Kristina 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To assess the ophthalmological outcome in a cohort of visually impaired children in a geographically defined area.Methods: A 19‐year follow‐up of medical records, interview and, if needed, re‐examination of the initial 128 patients, born 1962–1976.Results and conclusion: Follow‐up was possible in 123 patients (96%); 76 (59%) were still visually impaired, 17 (13%) were deceased, while 30 (23%) had acquired a visual function ≥0.3. The chances of gaining a visual function outside the WHO limits for visual impairment was significantly higher for patients without additional impairments (p=0.0023). The initial ophthalmologic diagnosis remained unchanged in 88%. The diagnoses with improved visual development included albinism and congenital nystagmus, while retinal diseases showed poorer results. An increase in visual function could be seen even in the initially older age‐groups, indicating a maturation of visual function beyond what is usually considered the limit of plasticity of the visual system.
Central retinal vein occlusion and HELLP syndrome
Authors: Gonzalvo Francisco J. , Abecia Emilio , Pinilla Isabel , Izaguirre Lucía B. , Oliván José M.a , Honrubia Francisco M. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To present a rare case of central retinal vein occlusion in conjunction with the HELLP syndrome.Methods: A 30‐year‐old woman presented in the 28th week of her second pregnancy with severe pre‐eclampsia with HELLP syndrome; delivery by caesarean section was recommended. Ten days later, the patient complained of severely decreased visual acuity in her right eye.Results: Ophthalmoscopy revealed a central retinal vein occlusion with venous engorgement and tortuosity, multiple flame hemorrhages, and disc and macular edema. Electroretinography revealed a reduction of b‐wave/a‐wave ratio. Fluorescein‐angiography showed a blockage due to extensive retinal hemorrhages with late mild staining of the walls of veins. The patient presented a spontaneous improvement in visual acuity (0.8 two months after) and a complete resolution of ophthalmoscopic findings.Conclusion: Ophthalmic complications are possible during and soon after this syndrome. This is the first description of a patient suffering a central retinal vein occlusion during puerperium after the HELLP syndrome.
“With the rule” astigmatism is not the rule in the elderly
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Elinborg , Jonasson Fridbert , Jonsson Vesteinn , Stefánsson Einar , Sasaki Hiroshi , Sasaki Kazuyuki ,   the Iceland‐Japan Co‐Working Study Groups
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To study refractive state and visual acuity in citizens of Reykjavik 50 years and older.Methods: 1700 persons were randomly selected from the national population census. 1379 could be located and qualified whereof 1045 participated. Evaluation of refraction was performed using Nidek ARK 900 autorefracto‐keratometer. Visual acuity was tested on a Snellen chart.Results: The prevalence of hypermetropia increases with age by 0.3 D in five years. The prevalence of “against the rule” astigmatism increased on average 5.3% and oblique 3.9% in five years. Analysis of corneal astigmatism measured by keratometer shows an “against the rule” change with age.Conclusions: Hypermetropia increases by age. The prevalence of astigmatism increases and the axis turns to “against the rule”. The changes in total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism is almost parallel which might indicate that the “against the rule” change is related to changes in the cornea.
Foreign body orbital cyst
Authors: Yazdanfard Younes , Heegaard Steffen , Fledelius Hans Callø , Prause Jan Ulrik 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To present the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a retained orbital foreign body.Methods: A 34‐year‐old male was hit in his left eye by a flower stake. At first examination there was a massive haematoma of the left orbit and eyelids, reduced movement of the left eye and a small conjunctival lesion beneath the upper lid. There were no signs of deeper orbital or ocular lesions. During the subsequent months the haematoma disappeared, but increased proptosis and impaired eye movements with diplopia were noticed. One year after the injury, ultrasound and CT‐scan revealed an ovoid cystic tumour behind the globe. During surgery the content of the cyst appeared purulent and from the centre of the cyst a foreign body measuring 25×13×1 mm was removed.Results: Microscopy of the foreign body showed the typical structure of a decidual leaf. The superficial cells were empty, whereas the centrally located cells contained remnants of cytoplasm. Confined to the border between the empty and the filled cells, a band of cells containing groups of Gram positive cocci was noted. Staining for immunoglobulins revealed traces of IgG in the superficial empty cells only.Conclusion: The high degree of preservation of the leaf and the survival of the cocci may be due to a barrier function of the intact plant cell walls with their high content of cellulose.
The effect of systemic hypertension on pulsatile ocular blood flow in diabetic patients
Authors: Esgin Haluk , Alimgil Murat Levent , Erda Sait 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To determine the haemodynamics of the ciliary choroidal system in diabetics with or without systemic hypertension.Methods: 90 eyes of 45 diabetic patients were included into the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of systemic hypertension. The pulsatile component of the total ocular blood flow in diabetics with or without hypertension was analyzed using ocular blood flow tonograph (OBF Labs, UK). The control group was comprised of 40 age‐matched eyes of 20 volunteers with no ocular or systemic disease. Results were compared with the control group.Results: Pulse amplitude (PA), pulse volume (PV) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in diabetics without systemic hypertension than the controls. In diabetics with hypertension, although the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher than the control group, there was not any statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between PA, PV and POBF results.Conclusion: POBF was found to be lower in diabetics without hypertension compared to the controls. Such a presence of systemic hypertension may increase the choroidal blood flow in diabetics.
Vitreoretinal surgery in Behçet’s disease with severe ocular complications
Authors: Özertürk Yusuf , Bardak Yavuz , Durmuş Mustafa 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To investigate effects of vitreoretinal surgery in Behçet’s disease.Materials and Method: Vitreoretinal surgery was applied to 26 eyes of 21 patients with Behçet’s disease. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, number and duration of attacks, anterior and posterior segment pathologies were evaluated.Results: The mean age of the patients was 33 years and female/male ratio was 6/15. The mean follow‐up was 23 months. Visual acuity increased in 15 eyes (58%), did not change in 11 eyes (42%). In the postoperative period, there was a significant decrease in mean number of uveitis attacks compared to the preoperative period (p=0.001), as well as a significant decrease in the mean duration of uveitis attacks (p=0.001). In the postoperative follow‐up, intravitreal haemorrhage in 2 eyes (8%), posterior subcapsular cataract in 5 eyes (19%) and corticonuclear cataract in 2 eyes (8%) were observed. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) developed in 5 of 16 eyes (31%) having ECLE‐IOL. CME continued in 3 eyes (12%).Conclusion: Vitreoretinal surgery has favourable effect on the visual and anatomic prognosis in Behçet’s patients with severe ocular complications.
Costs of medical and surgical treatment of glaucoma
Authors: Calissendorff B. M. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To compare county costs of medical and surgical glaucoma treatment.Methods: Medical records of 470 patients who underwent trabeculectomies in 1992 were scrutinized for a period of 3 years before and 3 years after surgery (including the year of surgery). Treatment costs were based on DRG prices, and drug consumption costs on the “defined daily dose” (DDD).Results: The costs rose steadily during the 3 years before surgery on account of more frequent visits and examinations and increased drug consumption. Mean total cost in the preoperative period was 13,355 SEK and that in the corresponding postoperative period, including surgery, was 23,684 SEK. The number of visits post‐surgery was only slightly reduced, but there was a marked decrease in medication. However, the cost of the drugs was not correspondingly lower. Thirty percent of the patients later underwent cataract extraction.Conclusion: From a strictly economic point of view glaucoma surgery is not profitable within a 3‐year postoperative period.
Visual impairment in adult people with moderate, severe, and profound intellectual disability
Authors: Warburg Mette 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:To assess visual impairment in adults with intellectual disability after de‐institutionalisation.Patients:The county has a population of 385 483 persons of 18 years and older; 961 were moderately, severely or profoundly intellectually impaired (ID), 837 of them (87 %) participated in the investigation.Methods:Visual acuity, VA: Østerberg picture charts and reduced copies for near vision could be used in 71% of the patients. Teller preferential looking procedure was applied to people who were unable to cooperate with the picture charts. When examined with picture wall chart VA 0.3‐≥0.10) was found in 10.8%, severe low vision in 1.2% (VA <0.10‐≥0.05), and blindness (VA<0.05) in 3.8%. Poor near vision (<0.3) was present in 19%. Those assessed with Teller acuity cards had poorer vision than the others. It is possible that the low values of assessment with Teller cards represent a combination of gnostic and resolution deficiences, which means that the results of grating VA and recognition VA are non‐comparable.Ophthalmic DisordersThe most widespread medical condition was cerebral visual impairment, the most frequent eye disorders were optic atrophy, high myopia, cataract, and keratoconus.Refraction:Refraction was assessed in 710 persons (85%), the most prevalent cause of visual impairment was uncorrected ametropia. Hypermetropia of >+1.50 was found in 151 of 710 subjects (21%), and spectacles were used by 106 (15%); myopia <−1.0 was present in 213 individuals (30%), 95 persons (13%) had lenses <−1.0.Conclusion:Resettled adult people with intellectual disability have a high prevalence of treatable visual impairment. A structured scheme of referral to optometric and ophthalmological care is essential if these people are to be given the care to which they are entitled.
Genetic counseling in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
Authors: Huoponen Kirsi , Puomila Anu , Savontaus Marja‐Liisa , Mustonen Eila , Kronqvist Elina , Nikoskelainen Eeva 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in the diagnosis of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and illustrate the difficulties in genetic counseling of the disease.Participants and methods:  Ophthalmological and molecular genetic study of one affected and three unaffected members from a family with heteroplasmic ND1/3460 mtDNA mutation associated with LHON.Results: The proband had variable amounts of mutant mtDNA in all his tissues studied, ranging from 58% in blood to 92% in subcutis. The mother had an extremely low amount of mutant mtDNA in her tissues, except for hair roots, which contained only normal mtDNA. No mutant mtDNA could be detected in the proband's unaffected sister and maternal aunt.Conclusions: Despite her minimal mutation load, the mother of the proband has still transmitted a considerable amount of mutant mtDNA to her son, who is severely affected. Although proband's unaffected sister and maternal aunt had no mutant mtDNA, a theoretical risk that they may transmit the disease to their offspring cannot be excluded.
Intravitreal sustained‐release ganciclovir implants for severe bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ghosh Fredrik , Hansson Lars‐Jörgen , Bynke Gunnel , Békássy Albert N. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To describe the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis with intravitreal sustain‐release ganciclovir devices in a 16‐year‐old patient in third remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after stem cell transplantation.Methods: The patient received a stem cell transplant from an unrelated bone marrow donor after which he contracted a serious CMV infection manifested in the lungs and retinae. His immune system at this time was almost completely depleted. Implantation of a sustained‐release ganciclovir device was performed in both eyes when retinitis progressed in spite of aggressive antiviral intravenous treatment.Results: No per‐ or postoperative complications were noted. Infiltrates, hemorrhages and macular edema present preoperatively dissolved over a period of six months. The final visual acuity was 1.0 in both eyes. The patients immune system and lung function slowly recovered during the same time period.Conclusions: The intravitreal ganciclovir implant provides safe and effective therapy against CMV retinitis, and should be considered in patients acquiring the infection after stem cell transplantation.
Optic nerve hypoplasia: Risk factors and epidemiology
Authors: Tornqvist Kristina , Ericsson Anders , Källén Bengt 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Objectives: To study the epidemiology of optic nerve hypoplasia.Design and Methods: Children with optic nerve hypoplasia and visual impairment were identified through the Swedish Register of Visually Impaired Children. Pre‐ and perinatal characteristics were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry and by scrutinizing pregnancy and delivery records. Clinical characteristics of children with optic nerve hypoplasia are described. The following risk factors were studied: maternal age, parity, maternal smoking, gestational duration, birth weight, delivery method, Apgar score, maternal disease during pregnancy, drugs used in early pregnancy.Results: Young maternal age, first parity, maternal smoking, preterm birth and factors associated with preterm birth were risk factors for optic nerve hypoplasia. There was an indicated association with the use of fertility drugs and antidepressant drugs.Conclusions: Optic nerve hypoplasia is apparently associated not only with other anomolies, notably of the central nervous system, but also with signs of general disturbance in fetal development.
Detection of retinal neovascularizations using 45 ° and 60 ° photographic fields with varying 45 ° fields simulated on a 60 ° photograph
Authors: Von Wendt Gunvor , Heikkilä Kauko , Summanen Paula 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To compare the effectiveness of one‐ and two‐field 45 ° and 60 ° fundus photography for detection of retinal neovascularizations (NVEs); to compare the detection of NVEs in macular 45 ° fields centred on the fovea, between the fovea and the disc and with the nasal border along the nasal disc margin with that in standard 60 ° one‐ and two‐fields.Methods:  Two ophthalmologists assessed red‐free, black and white screening and follow‐up photographs of 58 out of a total 72 patients referred for treatment for NVEs over the 3 year period 1997–99. The assessment included analysis of the numbers, sizes and locations of NVEs identified in different photographic fields defined by a transparent grid placed over two standard 60 ° fields.Results:  Testing of 45 ° macular fields disclosed 59/81 (73%), 50/81 (62%) and 64/81 (79%), respectively, of NVEs detected in a 60 ° fovea‐centred photograph. Kappa values for detecting at least one NVE, when present, were 0.62 (95% CI 0.40–0.83), 0.38 (95% CI 0.19–0.57) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.62–0.99). The corresponding figures when compared with two‐field 60 ° photography were 59/111 (53%), 50/111 (45%) and 64/111 (58%), respectively. One macula‐centred 60 ° field disclosed 81/111 (73%) of NVEs detected by 60 ° two‐field photography with an additional optic disc‐centred field. Two‐field 45 ° photography disclosed 86/111 (77%) of NVEs detected by two‐field 60 ° photography. A total of 90% of NVEs detected in the optic disc‐centred 60 ° field only were also detected in the corresponding 45 ° field.Conclusion:  One‐field 45 ° photography cannot be recommended as a screening method for diabetic retinopathy. Two‐field 45 ° photography (macula‐centred and disc‐centred fields) disclosed 77% of NVEs detected by the corresponding two‐field 60 ° photography.
Macular holes: classification, epidemiology, natural history and treatment
Authors: La Cour Morten , Friis Jakob 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Background:  Macular hole is a retinal disease primarily affecting elderly women. Its overall prevalence in the Danish population is estimated to be 0.14%. The majority of cases are unilateral. The fully developed macular hole evolves through a series of stages starting with an impending hole. About half of impending macular holes regress spontaneously. The remaining half progress to full thickness macular holes. In a patient with a macular hole in one eye, the risk of development of a macular hole in the fellow eye is less than 2% if posterior vitreous detachment is present. If the posterior vitreous is attached, the risk is approximately 15%. If an impending hole is found in the other eye, the risk rises to 50%.Treatment and outcomes:  Macular hole surgery is able to close full thickness macular holes in approximately 90% of cases. Visual acuity of 20/50 or better can be obtained in approximately half of patients with recent onset of symptoms. Complications include retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, late reopening of an initially successfully closed hole and retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities. Retinal detachment should be expected in less than 5% of cases.
Leukocyte functions in 2 cases of Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome
Authors: Liu Rongkun , Cao Caifang , Meng Huanxing , Tang Zhihui 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim:To investigate the rôle of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS).Methods: Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes (MNs) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were obtained from 2 cases of PLS with typical features. The chemotaxis of PMNs and MNs were evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber. The adherence of PMNs was determined by adherence of PMNs to petri dishes. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in GCF was detected by sandwich ELISA. Elastase activity in GCF was measured with a low molecular weight substrate (S‐2484) specific for granulocyte elastase.Results: PMNs from both patients showed depressed chemotactic response to FMLP and IL‐8. Total amounts of IL‐8 in GCF from the 2 patients were much higher than those of the normal controls. Elastase activity was not significantly different from that of the controls. The adherence of PMN and the chemotaxis of MN in the 2 patients were normal.Conclusion: The depressed chemotactic response of PMN leads to decreased recruitment of PMN and/or release of lysozyme from PMN in the diseased gingival tissue, increasing the susceptibility of PLS patients to periodontal infection.
Radiographic periodontal attachment loss as an indicator of death risk in the elderly
Authors: Soikkonen K. , Wolf J. , Salo T. , Tilvis R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:Oral infections have been associated with serious systemic diseases and an increased risk of death. Our aims were to investigate whether radiographically‐observed apical periodontitis lesions, carious teeth, periodontal attachment loss (horizontal bone loss, furcation lesions, number of teeth with infrabony periodontal pockets, the extent of infrabony periodontal pockets) and the sum of all these findings have any relationships with all‐cause mortality within 4‐year follow‐up.Material and methods:292 community‐dwelling elderly persons aged 76, 81 and 86 years. The number of deaths within 4 years was 54 (18.5%). In the dentate 169 subjects, of whom 32 (18.9%) deceased within 4 years, the mean number of teeth was 15.5 in men and 13.2 in women. The imaging method used was panoramic radiography supplemented by intraoral radiographs.Results: 51% of the dentate subjects had infrabony pockets (mean 1.5, s.d. 2.2), and 40% had periapical periodontitis lesions (mean 1.0, s.d. 1.6). After controlling for age and gender, vertical bone loss judged as advanced infrabony pockets was associated with 4‐year all‐cause mortality (Odds ratio 2.2,1.0–4.7). Other associations were statistically insignificant.Conclusion: Periodontal attachment loss may indicate an increased risk of death in the elderly.