bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional scaling of sea surface temperature with global warming levels in the CMIP6 ensemble
Authors: Milovac Josipa , Iturbide Maialen , Fernández Jesús , Gutiérrez José Manuel , Diez-Sierra Javier , Jones Richard G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface air temperature (SSAT) are commonly used as proxies for investigating the impact of climate change on oceans. These variables have been warming since pre-industrial times and are expected to continue to warm in the future under all Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). However, they are warming at different rates in a spatially heterogeneous way, even with some cooling spots. In this work, we provide a general overview on the regional scaling of SST and SSAT with global warming, based on a 26-member CMIP6 ensemble. We use global warming level (GWL) as a climate change dimension, and analyze the slope of the linear fit (β) between decadal sea temperature anomalies and the corresponding GWLs during the 21st century. This analysis is done globally, regionally, and also grid-point by grid-point. The results show that SST and SSAT scale linearly with GWL at global scale, with scaling factors 0.71±0.001 K/K and 0.86±0.001 K/K, respectively. These results are quite robust, with small differences between seasons, SSPs and horizontal model resolutions. However, large differences appear at regional scale, and the scaling of the two temperatures are strongly affected by sea-ice. The lowest values are obtained for the Southern Ocean region, β = 0.54±0.005 K/K, projecting the mean SST to increase half as fast as the global mean temperature. These results provide relevant information for a refinement of ocean reference regions, taking into account the spatial homogeneity in terms of regional response to global warming.
mNGS Analysis of Virus and Colonized Bacteria in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Yang Xiaoxuan , Wang Wei , Zhou Tianyu , Wang Ping , Li Guigang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the correlation between the onset of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and viral infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV), as well as ocular surface colonized pathogenic microorganisms.
Methods
Three patients who were clinically diagnosed with OSSN and underwent ocular surface tumor resection combined with amniotic membrane transplantation from March 1, 2023 to June 1, 2023 were selected as the study group. Specimens were collected during surgery for pathological examination and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of pathogenic microorganisms. Another three patients diagnosed as corneal leukoplakia who were tested negative for viruses by mNGS after penetrating keratoplasty during the same period were selected as the control group.
Results
Among the 3 OSSN patients, 1 was male and 2 were female, with an average age of 71.3 ± 4.0 (69–76) years. The OSSN in all 3 cases invaded both the cornea and conjunctiva. In this group, mNGS suggested no detection of viral pathogens in the specimens. However, suspected colonized bacteria were detected in the 2 cases of corneal and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): Propionibacterium acnes, Moraxella osloensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Prevotella melaninogenica, and in the 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva and cornea (SCC): Propionibacterium acnes. Among the 3 cases of corneal leukoplakia in the control group, mNGS indicated no viral pathogens, but detected suspected colonized bacteria of Propionibacterium acnes, Lactobacillus inerta, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli.
Conclusion
The occurrence of OSSN of the patients in this paper was not related to HPV infection. Nevertheless, the increased presence of colonized bacteria of Moraxella osloensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Prevotella melaninogenic, as well as the decreased presence of Lactobacillus inerta, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli may be the high-risk factors for OSSN.
Immunological Characterization of Differentially Extracted Whole Cell Bacterial Protein derived from Salmonella Typhi and invasive Non Typhoidal Salmonella
Authors: Khan Khairunnisa Abdul Lateef , Kader Zainoodin Sheik Abdul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The diagnosis of typhoid fever and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is complicated due to their non-specific symptoms that overlap with other febrile illnesses. Conventional diagnostic methods such as culture isolation are time-consuming and expensive, while serological tests have lower sensitivity and produce false positives. Protein depletion has been shown to enhance low abundant proteins. Therefore, our study aims to expand upon this approach by analyzing differentially extracted protein fractions to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnostic methods. In this study, the immunological properties of differentially extracted protein fractions derived from S.Typhi and S.spp were analyzed using dot Enzyme Immunoassay (dot EIA) with pooled sera from typhoid patients, healthy subjects, vaccinated subjects, subjects with other diseases, and invasive non-typhoidal patients. The results showed dynamic profiles of humoral immune response against the arrays of protein fractions, revealing their antigenic properties. The comparative analysis of the differentially extracted protein fractions demonstrated that the use of sdWCP along with WCP and CSP was the most suitable for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. The experiment also confirmed the separation of protein upon fractionation and the presence of O and dH antigens in different protein fractions. The findings of this study can be useful in developing a vaccine and improving the accuracy of serodiagnosis for typhoid fever and iNTS infections.
Characterization and identification of rice genotypes based on the microsatellite SSR marker for varietal purity assessment
Authors: N Aarthi , V Alex Albert , K Sujatha , K Thangaraj , R Renuka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Microsatellite markers prove highly valuable for both assessing genetic purity and diversity. Moreover, efforts have been made to identify an alternative to the Grow-Out-Test, a traditional but laborious and time-consuming method used for seed genetic purity testing in the history of quality seed multiplication. The primary objective of the present study was to examine genetic purity and diversity among ten distinct rice varieties recently released from TNAU i.e., ADT-53, ADT-54, ADT-55, ADT-57, MDU-6, TKM-15, CO-52, CO-55, TRY-5, VGD-1.The results of the experiments revealed that, out of the 50 SSR primers examined, 28 were identified as polymorphic and were subsequently employed in the analysis of these ten rice varieties. Among the primer pairs used for molecular profiling, namely RM 60, RM 3345, RM 5463, RM 205, and RM 512, RM 60, RM 3345, RM 5463, RM 205, and RM 512 emerged as particularly effective in revealing discernible and predictable patterns of polymorphism for genetic purity testing. Major allele frequencies varied from 0.18 (RM 3345) to 0.66 (RM 520), averaging at 0.42. A dendrogram, constructed through cluster analysis based on microsatellite polymorphism, showcased the relationships among the ten rice varieties. These findings have practical implications for the monitoring of purity, genotype identification and the protection of plant varieties.
Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis in children: a multicentric, emerging country perspective
Authors: Cleto-Yamane Thais Lira , Gomes Conrado Lysandro Rodrigues , Koch-Nogueira Paulo Cesar , Suassuna Jose Hermogenes Rocco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening condition, particularly in patients at the extremes of age and when kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is required. Worldwide data report 10% and 63% mortality rates in pediatric patients undergoing KRT.Methods Throughout a 13-year study period this study analyzed data from 693 patients with AKI in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Results Most patients were male (59.5%), younger than one year of age (55.6%) and were treated at private governance hospitals (76.5%). Sixty-six percent of the subjects had one or more coexisting conditions. Upon admission, pneumonia was the most frequent primary diagnosis, followed by congenital heart disease (21.5% and 20.2%, respectively). The mortality rate was 65.2%, with lower mortality observed in patients over 12 (50%). Older age was a protective factor against death (HR: 2.35, IQR [1.52–3.62] for neonates). Primary kidney disease was associated with at least a three-fold lower mortality rate. Additionally, the experience of the ICU team was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.74, IQR [0.60–0.91]), when the hospital treated 20 or more patients over the study period. Among the patients who died, 40% died within 48 hours of KRT initiation.Conclusions This study confirms the high mortality rate associated with dialytic AKI in pediatric patients, in middle-income countries. It also highlights early mortality, which may indicate late referral or futility of treatment. These results provide essential data on the main aspects of this disease and may contribute to the planning of measures to improve the outcomes of this condition.
PF-127 Based Niosomal In-situ gel for Intranasal Delivery of Lurasidone Hydrochloride by Surpassing Blood Brain Barrier
Authors: Shikalgar Rais , Deshmukh Vinay , Rathod Sonu , Bangale Ganesh , Pore Yogesh , Pawar Deepak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder stand as intense and persistent mental illnesses. This research emphasizes targeted drug delivery through intranasal route via the olfactory lobe by surpass BBB using niosomal thermoreversible gel for precise drug administration. Utilizing a 32 factorial design, Lurasidone hydrochloride niosomes were fabricated through the thin film hydration method. The niosomes underwent assessment to determine their encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index whereas thermoreversible niosomal in situ gel based on PF-127 in conjunction with HPMC K4M were characterized for pH, gelation time, temperature responsiveness, in vitro release and rheological characteristics. The results indicated that the optimized batch (F4) illustrated a particle size of 171.4 ± 5.12nm and an encapsulation efficiency 94.67 ± 0.73%. Optimized niosomal gel (Poloxamer 17%) characterized with gelation at 37 ºC, pseudoplastic flow and virtuous structural integrity. Both in vitro and ex vivo drug release exhibited sustained release through in situ gel. These finding concluded that Lurasidone HCL loaded intranasal niosomal in situ gel embraces significant potential to improve inclusive effectiveness of Lurasidone.
Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 25
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Cun Jianping , Li Shikang , Shi Yong , Liu Yingying , Wei Haiyan , Zhang Yong , Cong Ruyi , Yang Tingting , Wang Wenhui , Xiao Jinbo , Song Yang , Yan Dongmei , Yang Qian , Sun Qiang , Ji Tianjiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Echovirus 25 (E25), a member of the Enterovirus B (EV-B) family, can cause aseptic meningitis (AM), viral meningitis (VM), and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). However, systematic studies on the molecular epidemiology of E25, especially those concerning its evolution and recombination, are lacking. In this study, 18 strains of E25, isolated from seven provinces of China between 2009 and 2018, were collected based on the Chinese hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) surveillance network, and 95 sequences downloaded from GenBank were also screened. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 113 full-length VP1 sequences worldwide, globally occurring E25 strains were classified into 9 genotypes (A-I), and genotype F was the dominant genotype in the Chinese mainland. The average nucleotide substitution rate of E25 was 6.08×10− 3 substitutions/site/year, and six important transmission routes were identified worldwide. Seventeen recombination patterns were determined, of which genotype F can be divided into 9 recombination patterns. A positive selector site was found in the capsid protein region of genotype F. Recombination analysis and pressure selection analysis for genotype F showed more multiple recombination patterns and evolution characteristics, which may be responsible for it being the dominant genotype in the Chinese mainland. This study provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent prevention and control of E25.
Potential Association Between COVID-19 Infections and the Declining Incidence of Lung Cancers
Authors: Yayan Josef , Saleh Diana , Franke Karl-Josef 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on global health and has prompted many studies exploring its effects on various diseases. Recent reports suggest a possible correlation between COVID-19 infection and decreased incidence of lung cancers. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by examining whether there is a significant association between COVID-19 infection and reduced lung cancer cases.
Material and Methods
A retrospective study of medical records from Clinic Lüdenscheid, Germany, was conducted from 1st January, 2018, to 31th December 2021. Data included lung cancer diagnoses during these time periods; the number of lung cancer cases as the initial diagnosis before and during COVID-19 appearance was identified and compared. Patient demographic characteristics and lung cancer stage were also assessed.
Results
A total of 523 patients with suspected lung cancers were examined at Märkische Clinics Health Holding Ltd., Clinic Lüdenscheid, Witten/Herdecke University in Germany during 1st January 2018 and 31th December 2021. Among them, 269 (51.43%) patients were during the pre-COVID (2018 and 2019) years, and 254 (48.57%) were during the COVID (2020 and 2021) years. There were 309 (59.08%) more men than women affected by lung cancers, without a statistical difference. The people affected with lung cancers were about one and a half years younger in the COVID years, without statistical difference. Remarkably, more patients in lung cancer stage IVB were found in the COVID years, with a statistical difference (P = 0.0431).
Conclusion
This retrospective study contributes valuable insights into the decline in the number of lung cancers, although without statistical significance, and the increase in the number of advanced cancer stages during the COVID years with statistical significance.
Anatomical and Functional Reflections of Vascular Changes in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: ALTAS Fatma Busra , DOGUIZI Sibel , ONDER Elıf Gamze , SEKEROGLU Mehmet Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Investigating the retinal vascular changes of retinitis pigmentosa patients in order to determine the anatomical, functional effects and the correlation between them, comparing them with healthy volunteers.
Methods: One eye of 25 RP cases and 25 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional, comparative clinical study. After routine ophthalmological examination, pattern electroretinography (pERG) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examinations were performed.
Results: Significant thinning was observed in all quadrants in the RP group (p<0.05 for all values) in foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal macular thickness measurement, In pERG analysis, prolonged P50 and N95 wave implicit time and decreased wave amplitudes were determined in patients with RP (p<0.05 for all values).
Superficial and deep capillary network vessel densities measured by OCTA were significantly lower in the RP group in all quadrants (p<0.001); FAZ parameters (area, perimeter and acircularity index (AI)) were higher in the RP group (p=0.042, p=0.001, p=0.014) and vascular density (FD) around FAZ was lower in the RP group compared to control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Vascular damage contributes to pathological process in RP patients. This vascular damage also affects the anatomical features of the retina. Using OCTA, a non-invasive imaging technique, we can estimate the stage, progression and prognosis of the disease in RP patients. İn non-advanced RP patients, the pERG waves are unsuitable for evaluation. Therefore pERG may not be suitable for functional evaluation in RP patients.
Treatment outcomes of elective neck dissection in intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Lee Dae-Neung , Jang Hye-Bin , Lee Joon Kyoo , Lim Sang Chul , Yun Ju Sik , Na Kook Joo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
We investigated the outcomes of elective neck dissection in intrathoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
PATIENTS and METHODS:
From January 2016 to December 2022, a total of 195 patients underwent esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma at our institution. Among them, 21 patients who underwent esophagectomy and elective neck dissection (both neck level IV) for intrathoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled.
RESULTS:
Of the 21 patients, 19 patients were male, and 2 patients were female. A total of 11 patients received treatment before surgery, and all of them received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). As a result of elective neck dissection at both neck level IV, neck occult metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 3 cases (14.3%), all of which involved left neck lymph nodes. Preoperative CCRT, T stage, and N stage were risk factors for neck occult metastasis of intrathoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.05). A total of 16 patients (76.2%) had been under follow-up without disease recurrence after the completion of treatment. However, 3 patients died of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and 2 patients were alive with esophageal carcinoma. The follow-up period was 19.2 ± 18.4 months.
CONCLUSION:
Three-field lymph node dissection may be necessary for intrathoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Preoperative CCRT, T stage, and N stage were risk factors for neck occult metastasis of intrathoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Is the Schwinger correction to the electron magnetic moment unique?
Authors: Golovko Vitaly 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Schwinger correction to the magnetic moment of an electron is proportional to the fine-structure constant and is due to the vacuum polarization. In quantum electrodynamics, the Schwinger correction is calculated by considering the electron placed in a constant magnetic field. In the present paper, the electron is considered to be in a hydrogen atom and it is demonstrated that the Schwinger correction is equal to zero in this case. Therefore, the Schwinger correction is not unique and depends upon the field in which the electron is located.
Non-linear effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19: an analysis of 440 counties in the Americas
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Jian , Liang Zhong , Wu Yuting 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In the last three years, COVID-19 has inflicted severe damage on human health and economic stability. Analyzing the causes and mechanisms of COVID-19 has significant theoretical and practical implications for its prevention and mitigation. The role of meteorological factors in the transmission of COVID-19 is crucial, yet their relationship remains a subject of intense debate. To address the problems of short time series, large study units, unrepresentative data and linear research methods in previous studies, this paper used Pearson correlation analysis, generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to analyze the relationship and lag effect between the daily new cases of COVID-19 and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, surface pressure, precipitation, wind speed) from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 in 440 counties or districts from seven countries in the Americas. The results indicated that, the linear correlations between daily new cases and meteorological indicators of temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation are not significant. However, the non-linear correlations are more significant. There are two thresholds for the relationship between temperature and risk of infection, 5°C and 23°C, with a negative correlation between 5 and 23°C and a positive correlation below 5°C and above 23°C. Relative humidity and solar radiation were negatively correlated, but there was a change in slope at about 74% and 750 kJ/m2, respectively. The results of this study provide a new and more reliable basis for exploring the mechanisms underlying the development of COVID-19.
Optimal Decay Rate of Solutions to Compressible Quantum Navier–Stokes–Poisson System in R3
Authors: Deng Qinqin , Fu Shengbin , Sun Rui , Wang Weiwei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the optimal decay rate of solutions to the Cauchy problem of the compressible quantum Navier–Stokes–Poisson (QNSP) equations, which had been used in the modelling of semiconductor devices on the nanometre scale. In particular, the quantum effect in the QNSP equations is described by the third-order spacial derivatives of density. Unfortunately the third-order spacial derivatives result in some essential difficulties in the investigation of the optimal decay-in-time rate of solutions by the spectral analysis method. To avoid the essential difficulties, we use the method of pure energy estimates to substitute the spectral analysis method as in [16], and thus establish the decay-in-time rates of the solutions. In particular the decay-in-time rates are optimal, since they are consistent with the ones of the linearized equations.
Exploring the Diagnostic Potential of miRNAs: A Comprehensive Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiles and Their Correlation with Target Genes in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ham-Karim Hersh Abdul , Ahmad Narmeen , Shwan Alan , Ilyas Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Recently studies reported that miRNAs play vital roles in pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer, which may serve as diagnostic, prognostic markers and may provide means for cancer treatment. The study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using miRNAs as molecular markers for colorectal cancer detection.
Methods: Paired tumour/normal tissues of 81 CRC patients were investigated to measure the expression level of six miRNAs (miR-20a, 21, 29a, 31, 92a and 224), evaluate mRNA and protein expressions in a further six genes (SMAD4, PTEN, TGFBRII, BCL2, KLF4 and RASA1) genes using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis respectively.
Results: In relative to the normal tissue mucosa, statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in the tumour expression level of (miR-20a (p=0.007), miR-21 (p=0.0003), miR-29a (p=0.001) and miR-31 (p=0.0003) with a decrease in the mRNA expression level of TGFBRII. Spearman’s rank order correlation demonstrated that high miR-20a expression was inversely correlated with PTEN-mRNA level (r= -0.238, p=0.033) and PTEN-protein level (r= -0.253, p= 0.023). High miR-21 and miR-224 expression were associated with low expression of TGFBRII-mRNA [(r= -0.358, p=0.001), (r= -0.276, p=0.013)] and TGFBRII-protein [(r= -0.328, p= 0.003), (r= -0.319, p=0.004)] respectively. In addition, over expression of both miR-29a and miR-31 inversely correlated with RASA1-mRNA level [(r= -0.217, p=0.014), (r= -0.276, p=0.013)] and RASA1-protein level [(r= -0.222, p=0.046), (r= -0.209, p=0.010)] respectively.
Conclusions: The presence of a high degree of correlation between upregulated miRNAs and downregulation of some of target genes involved in different signalling pathways, indicated that miRNAs may have roles in CRC carcinogenesis. Additionally, upregulation of (miR-20a, 21, 29a and 31) may be suitable to differentiate CRC with a high degree of accuracy from a normal mucosa of CRC patients and can play a critical role on screening CRC in general population.