bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lend-Lease and ‘The Dry Salvages’
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 15 February 1941, T. S. Eliot wrote a letter to the editor of the New English Weekly, the paper in which ‘The Dry Salvages’ first appeared twelve days later. He was concerned about some final revisions to the poem:
Helen Gardner has commented that ‘Presumably it was the word “undefeated” that Eliot feared might in 1941 give a “topical allusion”‘; yet, despite a number of recastings, he allowed ‘undefeated’ to remain in the final text. Eliot was not saying that the last lines must avoid a topical allusion. The possibility of finding one which will be taken for the fundamental intention has caused him to think again. Rather, since people would find a topical allusion there, that allusion must not give the poem a wrong twist. If the letter warns against too readily assuming the poem’s wartime context, it also reminds us that it had one, and prompts the question of what the wrong twist could have been.
Geoffrey Hill’s Position
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Where does the perennial interest in debates concerning relations between poetry and politics lie? For poets it may involve a simultaneous frustration with their marginal status or purchase on public life, and belief in the authority of their art. The urgency with which such debates are conducted is fed by complex insecurities and a real impotence. In ‘What Devil Has Got Into John Ransom?’, Geoffrey Hill notes that ‘Public occasions may be poetry but the poem, or, more precisely, the modern poem, is not a public occasion’ (p. 131). Division between the public world and the world of the modern poem presents to the critic a double focus. Hill writes in admiration of Matthew Arnold, that he was not ‘unconcerned with politics but rather ... saw literature as containing politics within a sphere of more precisely adjusted anxieties’ (p. 107). The activity of containing and adjusting is performed by the modern poet against the prevailing conditions. In ‘Poetry as “Menace” and “Atonement’” he ‘is engaged in vicarious expiation for the pride of the culture which itself rejects him’ (p. 4); and, concerned with the sin of pride in modern artists’ senses of themselves, Hill confronts the problem ‘that it is made more objectively difficult to confess if no one apart from oneself believes that there is anything which needs to be confessed’ (p. 8). It is as if, convinced he has committed a crime, the modern poet in this culture is forced to admit that no policemen can be bothered to arrest him.
Envy, Gratitude, and Translation
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Far cries may reach here through the sounds of verses in translation. The activity of rendering texts in another language is a process of creating similarity in difference. Bernard Bergonzi has recently affirmed the desirability of studying poems from different cultures, ‘not only because of the basic “otherness” of foreign poetry, but because such knowledge gives one a better sense of what English poetry can and cannot do’.1 Writing and studying translations is one way of gaining a sense of what English poetry can and cannot do. Yet it may also be a means of blurring the sense, of reducing the ‘otherness’. Helen Vendler has affirmed that ‘By rewriting poets from Horace to Pasternak in his own irregular, idiomatic, and forceful American voice, Lowell announced that American poetry henceforth would possess the past in a commanding, not subordinate, manner.’ This forcefulness, possessing and commanding, endangers a sense of the original and its translator.
Vita And Virginia
Authors: Raitt Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book examines the creative intimacy between Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf, interpreting both their relationship and their work in the light of their experience as married lesbians. The contradictions and conflicts of their situation are worked out through the construction of different narratives of femininity, in letters, novels, diaries, and other texts. Vita and Virginia looks at the two women's continual renegotiation of what it means to be female, and suggests that the mutual exchange of different versions of `womanhood' is crucial to the development of their friendship. Orlando, for example, was Virginia Woolf's way of threatening Sackville-West with the extent of her own knowledge about her, as well as the celebratory love-letter it is usually assumed to be. The book also offers readings of both women's autobiographical texts, and a long-overdue study of Vita Sackville-West's work as a biographer and a novelist. Emphasizing also wider contexts, this study examines the links between homosexual desire and literary innovation, public politics and private lives. It provides an invaluable perspective on the relations between sexuality and feminism in modernism.
Dot-Comming into Y2K
Authors: Ostler Rosemarie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Americans entered the last decade of the twentieth century, the country was once again at war. Hardly had the nineties begun when the mother of all battles was joined between the United States and Iraq. Americans and their allies used their aerial assets to engage in inconvenience bombing. The Iraqis responded with golden BBs. Line doggies on the ground just wanted to shoot and scoot. Even when soldiers wore bone domes, the heat of Big Red out in the desert, or the beach, as it was also known, could be tough to take. Ragged out soldiers patronized the mobile roach coach to get their guts right with grease and nuclear coffee.
Publications initiated 1780–9
Authors: Fleeman J D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plate: Port. of Garrick ‘Engraved from Mr Pingo’s Seal for the Theatrical Fund. I Published by T. Davies, April the 25th. 1780.’ (Fettercairn 226, 1094). References: Life iii. 434 (Courtney 152); CH 160; Tinker 1367; Arnott and Robinson (1970), 2930; ESTC: t072058. Notes: The interpolation in vol. 1 is an account of Margaret Woffington. Davies acknowledged SJ’s aid ‘with the early part of Mr. Garrick’s life’ in his Advertisement (I. A4 p. vii), but as CH observed his help ‘was probably substan tial’. The work includes the letter from Gilbert W almesley to Colson, 1737 (i. 9–10), and of March 2 (i. 11–12), SJ’s Drury-Lane Prologue (i. 108–11), an account of Irene (i. 119-23), and the reference to DG from SJ’s Life if Smith (ii. 392).
The Trophies of Time
Authors: Parry Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Trophies of Time presents the first comprehensive survey of the English antiquarians of the seventeenth century. In Britain throughout the period there was a persistent curiosity about the origins of the nation and its institutions, inspired initially by the publication in 1586 of Camden's Britannia. A remarkable campaign of scholarship developed, which attempted to imagine the vanished societies that had once flourished there. What could be known of prehistoric Britain from its monuments and language? Could the lay-out of Roman Britain be recovered? Was it possible somehow to retrieve the language, religion, and laws of Saxon England? The answers to these questions often had a bearing on contemporary issues of church and state and also enabled citizens to gain a new insight into the character and identity of their nation. Many of the most learned men of the age addressed themselves to antiquarian enquiry and this book presents lively and fascinating portraits of Camden, Cotton, Selden, Spelman, Ussher, Dugdale, Aubrey, and many other lesser-known scholars.
Sir Robert Cotton
Authors: Parry Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Without Sir Robert Cotton and his celebrated library, the whole Jacobean antiquarian endeavour would have been much diminished, and would have lacked a centre. For Cotton was the universal facilitator among the antiquaries, the liaison officer, the man one had to know. His library was the meeting place for all who were enquiring into the past, and his open-handed generosity in making his books and manuscripts available probably did more to advance the cause of scholarship than the combined patronage of Oxford and Cambridge. The prefaces of so many books on British historical themes resound with gratitude to Cotton, and authors deep in their books will interrupt their narratives to recall a kindness from him: he is the great provider of essential texts, and the oracle of the antiquaries.1 Above all, Cotton loved the business of scholarship, the acquisition of books and manuscripts, the discovery of new texts, the evaluation of the status of manuscripts, and the piecing together of the fragments of the past to make it comprehensible. He encouraged all who shared this passion, regardless of age or rank or ideological stance. One of the memorable glimpses of Cotton ‘s irenical domain is given by Father Augustine Baker, the English Benedictine monk who lived a shadowy life in London.
The Persian Ships at Mycale
Authors: Mcdougall Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to Herodotus (9. 96. 3), when the Persians received information of the Greek fleet‘s hesitant advance across the Aegean in 480 BC, they decided against confrontation at sea. The Phoenician fleet was dismissed and the remainder of the fleet withdrew to Mycale in order to secure the protection of their army in Ionia. There they beached the ships and constructed a fortified refugeϵ ρ κoc ϵ ρ ν μ α τ ω ν ν ϵ ω ν κ αi cϕ ϵ ω ν α υ τ ω ν κ ρ ηcϕ υ γ ϵ τoνLater, when the Greeks landed their forces, broke the Persian line, and breached the palisade, they set fire to and destroyed the ships and the entire wall, after looting the enemy camp (Hdt.9.rnz; rn6. I). While many other details of Herodotus‘ narrative of the campaign have been exposed to the searching gaze of scholarly criticism, little attention has been paid to the oddity of the Greek action in burning the captured ships, despite the fact that such wanton destruction of what would normally have been looked upon as useful spoils of war is virtually unparalleled. Yet almost all accounts of the battle accept Herodotus‘ testimony without question and make no attempt to rationalize it. The only scholars to have in any way questioned the action are Beloch, who places the responsibility for the burning of the ships on the shoulders of the Persians themselves, Gianelli, who suggests that the Athenians, and in particular Themistocles, were responsible, and Hignett, who presumed that only the ships of the Persians themselves were burnt, but that those belonging to the Ionians were set aside and preserved.
Argive Perioikoi
Authors: Andrewes Antony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
"At a date close to 495 BC king Kleomenes shipped the Spartan army across the Bay of Nauplia and brought the Argives to battle at Sepeia near Tiryns. The casualties were high, 6,000 according to Herodotos (7. 148. 2); after the battle (6. 83) their slaves (δoν λoi) took over the government and managed all the affairs of Argos, till the sons of the slain grew up and regained control. Plutarch (Mor. 245 F) contradicts Herodotos: it was not to the slaves that the Argives married their women in order to replenish their numbers, but to the best of the perioikoi. This is an appendix to the spurious story of the poetess Telesilla and the Argive women defending the walls against Kleomenes, and a careless addition since Herodotos had said nothing about marriage. But Aristotle (Pol. 1303a2-1o) tells us that their losses compelled them to admit to citizenship certain of the perioikoi, so in some form this correction goes back to the fourth century and already spoke of admitting a selection. It is not easy to take Herodotos‘ δoν λoi literally, and it is conjectured that his informants were aristocrats who were prepared to use this extreme term for persons whom they thought inferior; and these might be Aristotle‘s perioikoi.
Erinyes, Semnai Theai, Eumenides
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Homer‘s chief concern is with the gods of heaven, the ouranioi; only rarely does he mention the gods of the underworld, the chthonioi, so that if he says little about Demeter or about Dionysus, that does not prove that they were not important in his time. But in tragedy the gods of the underworld take on great importance. Aeschylus exploits the polarity between ouranioi and chthonioi, as he exploits that between the gods of the older generation and the gods who rule Olympus; both in the Oresteia and in the Prometheia (which has not been proved not to be the work of Aeschylus) there is a clash between the two. In the Oresteia the theme of the vendetta brings into special prominence the ministers of divine justice, the Erinyes. At the end of the Choephori they appear to Orestes, demanding vengeance for the murder of his mother; in the last play of the trilogy they form the chorus, appearing visibly in all the horror of their terrifying aspect. Furious at the acquittal of Orestes by the Court of Areopagus, they threaten to vent their fury upon Athens. But Athena is able to avert the danger. By offering them a home within her city, where they will receive special honours, she not only saves Athens from their wrath, but obtains for her city the great advantage of their good will. From henceforth murderers in Athens will be tried by the Court of Areopagus.
‘Treading Birds’ An Unnoticed Use of πατεω
Authors: Bain David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My purpose here is to discuss an unnoticed item of the Greek sexual vocabulary attested only in the Cyranides. Since this work is not particularly well known and recently published studies, which have brought about great advances in our understanding of it and of its attendant problems, have not yet perhaps become common currency in the world of scholarship, it seems appropriate to begin with a brief account of its format, character, and transmission. Necessarily this account will be highly selective and, for a fuller discussion encompassing matters not mentioned here, the reader is referred to the article by Alpers which will be cited below.
Literature in potentia
Authors: De Obaldia Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The intensive concern with generic studies in recent times has clearly shown that despite—or perhaps because of—striking progress in this field, the question of ‘genre’ remains one of the most difficult in literary theory. Whether approached synchronically or diachronically or both, ‘genre’ remains a notion with frustratingly blurred edges. Nevertheless, while a broad agreement does seem to exist as to what is meant by ‘poem’, ‘play’ and, to some extent, ‘novel’, the essay always appears as a particularly problematic form of writing, even—or especially—where the seemingly more specific category of the so-called ‘literary essay’ is concerned. Divergences in the descriptions of the genre, whether they are based on a historical perspective or on the study of the form at any one time, are extreme. Some argue that the fluctuations in the meaning of the word ‘essay’ are due to the fact that the genre varies greatly from one country to the next.
Montaigne’s Essais: A Poetics of the Margin
Authors: De Obaldia Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The emergence of the Essais as a form which marks the transition between the reign of the universal and the particular is inextricably bound to the centrality of the practice of what we now call intertextuality. Indeed, in the Renaissance the text is seen as the principal instrument of human knowledge, and imitation is acknowledged as an indispensable prerequisite for literary production. Writing involves learning from one’s predecessors, that is, from the wisdom and morality embodied in the texts of the antiquity. Samples of these sources capable of illustrating certain moral principles are compiled in a number of catalogue or inventory-like ‘lesson’-books which are also used as formal, rhetorical models: compendia in which ideas, themes, quotations, words and phrases are put into storage and which constitute a collective memory.
Philosophical Essayism
Authors: De Obaldia Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As suggested in Chapter 1, Lukács and Adorno’s complementary approaches to the essay(istic) in ‘On the Nature and Form of the Essay’ and ‘The Essay as Form’ provide an appropriate link between Montaigne’s Essais and the Montaignian essay. The affinities and differences between Lukács and Adorno’s aesthetics have been explored at length; but in so far as the essays which concern us here were written in the margins, as by-products of a ‘main’ —or at least better-known—work, one can argue that they are ‘separate, self-contained pieces” which do not require an understanding of the respective philosophies.
Novels ‘Without Qualities’
Authors: De Obaldia Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To illustrate the transition from essay to novel as rehearsed and theorized in the writings of Roland Barthes, we now turn to novelists who are not only known to have begun their career as essayists, but whose more famous novels are supposed to have developed directly from essayistic material (in the wider, ‘epitextual’ sense of notebooks, journals, aphorisms, letters, diaries, articles, etc.), and even from specific essays. Proust’s Remembrance of Things Past, which Barthes refers to time and again, is representative, for it is the reworking of a number of pieces which include essays, notebooks, sketches, translations, articles, pastiches, and, more particularly, the development of one essay begun around 1908, the fragments of which are subsequently published under the title Against Sainte-Beuve [Contre Sainte-Beuve]. In this essay, Proust presents his ideas on literature by way of a critique of Sainte-Beuve’s method which champions the understanding of the work of art through the personal knowledge of the writer as a man.
‘Intelligence is Always an Interlocutor’: A Dialogue with the Literature
Authors: Hartley John , McKee Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discussing the question of ‘who’s got’ something that might be identified as ‘Aboriginal content’ in the field of television provision, Eric Michaels felt constrained to make a statement: I will begin by noting my own genetic lack of Aboriginal-or even Australian content, and admitting that the topic excites me partly because it requires a reflexive posture if I intend to develop this any further at all. (Michaels, 1994: 22).
Watching the Watchdogs: Community Reception and Discussion of Media
Authors: Hartley John , McKee Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At around the time of the National Media Forum, a conversation occurred between Alan McKee and an Indigenous lecturer attached to the Kurongkurl Katitjin unit at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Western Australia, where the state newspaper is the West Australian. ‘The West’ is the only daily paper indigenous to that state, and it enjoys one of the highest penetrations (proportion of population who read it) in the world. The paper has a strong investment in its inclusive embrace of all WA citizens. In 1996, the West Australian won the ‘Best print entry’ category in the Louis Johnson Media Awards. The award went to the paper’s Aboriginal Affairs journalist Karen Brown, in recognition of several years’ worth of sensitive and thoughtful work on Aboriginal issues.
Reporting lndigeneity: Magazines, Radio, TV, and Sport
Authors: Hartley John , McKee Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we apply Yuri Lotman’s (1990) distinction between ‘law forming’ and ‘anomalous’ stories to the minutiae of media texts. Earlier in this study we applied the distinction to larger-scale structures in the ‘universe of Indigeneity’. We believe that the same structure of distinction holds (in a fractal manner) right through from forms (soap opera and news), via genres (features and ‘hard’ news) to the level of individual stories. ‘Law formation’ refers to stories where the construction of communities by a ritualized and familiar address to known (banal but central) aspects of cultural life is paramount.
‘The Fancy-Musick’ The Violin and Court Chamber Music 1625-1663
Authors: Holman Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Four of England’s leading composers, Orlando Gibbons,John Caprario, Thomas Lupo, and Alfonso Ferrabosco II, died between June 1625 and March 1627/8. Their premature loss-they were all in their forties or fifties-had important consequences for English music. Working in the household of the Prince of Wales, the future Charles I, they had invented or developed most of the genres and scorings of Jacobean consort music, including the lyra viol duet and trio, the air for two bass viols and organ, the madrigal-like fantasia for viol consort and organ, the fantasia with ‘great double bass’, and the fantasia suite for one or two violins, bass viol, and organ. But the four had no immediate successors at court, and the idioms that are associated with them were mostly taken up by composers outside the court.
Opera, Rhetoric, and Rittergedichte
Authors: Schroeder David P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The symphony does not stand in isolation among Haydn’s productions as the only type of composition with enlightened characteristics. Some of his finest achievements prior to 1785 were in other types of composition, including opera and the string quartet, and it is possible to see his new directions and refinements taking shape in these works. Until fairly recently, opera has been a blind spot in Haydn scholarship, dismissed because it was believed he showed little critical judgement in the choice and shape of librettos, he failed to make his operas dramatic, and he had little aptitude for opera in general. Inevitably a comparison is made with Mozart in which Haydn fares very poorly, and his own remarks to Franz Roth in Prague concerning Mozart’s operatic superiority are invoked to substantiate the unfavourable comparison.
Prologue: Approaching Beethoven’s Creative Process
Authors: Cooper Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE creative process of any composer is always to a certain extent shrouded in mystery. Even the composer himself will not fully understand the psychological processes by which ideas occur to him, nor remember afterwards exactly how he put a piece of music together. The problems of understanding how Beethoven composed are even greater than those with a living composer, and any attempt to present a complete picture of his compositional activity must be doomed. Nevertheless more than enough relevant documents survive for us to be able to gain considerable insight on the subject. In fact there is so much source material that it will take years for it all to be thoroughly examined, and any conclusions reached here must be somewhat provisional; but it is still useful to bring together now what is currently known on the subject. Much has of course been written on it already, and a traditional picture of his compositional process (derived chiefly from nineteenth-century studies by Gustav Nottebohm) has existed for many years. But this picture, which portrays Beethoven as a slow and laborious worker who composed with great difficulty, has been modified in recent years by more detailed research. Hence one of the aims of the present study is to establish a more up-to-date but comprehensive view, based on a more wide-ranging and detailed assessment of the sources than was possible in Nottebohm’s day. Another aim is to see what were Beethoven’s chief compositional goals, and what difficulties he had to overcome in order to achieve them.