bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registered nurses' knowledge and interpretation of ECG rhythms: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ng Jessie , Christensen Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring and recording are seen as the most commonly used non‐invasive diagnostic tool to identify cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial damage in the clinical setting. There is an expectation that critical care nurses are ideally trained to interpret abnormalities and morphology in the ECG more proficiently than nurses from general ward areas. However, the ability to interpret and recognise ECG abnormalities is dependent on which critical care area nurses are currently working in and their level of experience.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate registered nurses' knowledge in being able to identify and interpret select electrocardiographic rhythms.Study DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study that evaluated registered nurses' knowledge of electrocardiogram rhythm identification and interpretation. A convenience sample of 105 registered nurses currently enrolled in a 2‐year Master's programme leading to critical care specialism and advanced practice nurse award were recruited. A 20‐item multiple choice questionnaire that provided examples of electrocardiogram rhythm (n=14) abnormalities and rhythm abnormalities caused by electrolyte disturbances (n=6)ResultsThe study included registered nurses from critical care and general ward areas. The overall results were poor with only 55% of questions answered correctly. Coronary care nurses scored the highest in identifying ECG rhythms (12/20 ± 1.58; p < .001). When ECG abnormalities associated with electrolyte imbalances were analysed, both groups were unable to identify the effects of hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia effectively (p = .748). Length of time as a registered nurse (r = −0.304, p = .002) and length of time in current work environment were weakly correlated (r = −0.328, p = .001). Having a critical care background showed a positive relationship with nursing knowledge of ECG rhythm identification (r = 0.614, p < .001).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that nurses have a poor knowledge of ECG rhythm identification and interpretation, a consistent finding from other work. A possible solution is a revamp of education and training associated with ECG recognition and morphology.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMonitoring and assessing ECG morphology provide important details about cardio‐electroconductive stability, especially with fluctuations in serum electrolyte levels seen in critical illness or trauma. For this, critical nurses must improve their proficiency through education/training or internal quality improvement activities in detecting abnormalities associated with ECG changes beyond those most easily recognizable rhythms such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.
Illuminating plant water dynamics: the role of light in leaf hydraulic regulation
Authors: Grunwald Yael , Yaaran Adi , Moshelion Menachem 
Published: December 2023

SummaryLight intensity and quality influence photosynthesis directly but also have an indirect effect by increasing stomatal apertures and enhancing gas exchange. Consequently, in areas such as the upper canopy, a high water demand for transpiration and temperature regulation is created. This paper explores how light intensity and the natural high Blue‐Light (BL) : Red‐Light (RL) ratio in these areas, is important for controlling leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) by BL signal transduction, increasing water permeability in cells surrounding the vascular tissue, in supporting the enormous water demands. Conversely, shaded inner‐canopy areas receive less radiation, have lower water and cooling demands, and exhibit reduced Kleaf due to diminished intensity and BL induction. Intriguingly, shaded leaves display higher water‐use efficiency (compared with upper‐canopy) due to decreased transpiration and cooling requirements while the presence of RL supports photosynthesis.
Expanding the toolbox for phycobiliprotein assembly: phycoerythrobilin biosynthesis in Synechocystis
Authors: Heck Steffen , Sommer Frederik , Zehner Susanne , Schroda Michael , Gehringer Michelle M. , Frankenberg‐Dinkel Nicole 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhycobiliproteins (PBPs) play a vital role in light harvesting by cyanobacteria, which enables efficient utilization of photon energy for oxygenic photosynthesis. The PBPs carry phycobilins, open‐chain tetrapyrrole chromophores derived from heme. The structure and chromophore composition of PBPs is dependent on the organism's ecological niche. In cyanobacteria, these holo‐proteins typically form large, macromolecular antenna complexes called phycobilisomes (PBSs). The PBS of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis) consists of allophycocyanin (APC) and phycocyanin (PC), which exclusively harbor phycocyanobilin (PCB) as a chromophore. Investigations into heterologous PBP biosynthesis in E. coli have proven limiting with respect to PBP assembly and their functional characterization. Consequently, we wanted to engineer a platform for the investigation of heterologously produced PBPs, focusing on unusual, phycoerythrobilin (PEB)‐containing light‐harvesting proteins called phycoerythrins (PEs) in Synechocystis. As a first step, a gene encoding for the synthesis of the natural cyanobacterial chromophore, PEB, was introduced into Synechocystis. We provide spectroscopic evidence for heterologous PEB formation and show covalent attachment of PEB to the α‐subunit of PC, CpcA, by HPLC and LC–MS/MS analyses. Fluorescence microscopy and PBS isolation demonstrate a cellular dispersal of PBPs with modified phycobilin content. However, these modifications have minor effects on physiological responses, as demonstrated by growth rates, oxygen evolution, nutrient accumulation, and PBP content analyses. As a result, Synechocystis demonstrates the capacity to efficiently manage PEB biosynthesis and therefore reflects a promising platform for both biochemical and physiological investigations of foreign and unusual PEs.
Identification of Colorectal Cancer Cell Stemness from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Lin Kangyu , Chowdhury Saikat , Zeineddine Mohammad A. , Zeineddine Fadl A. , Hornstein Nicholas J. , Villarreal Oscar E. , Maru Dipen M. , Haymaker Cara L. , Vauthey Jean-Nicolas , Chang George J. , Bogatenkova Elena , Menter David , Kopetz Scott , Shen John Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSC) play a critical role in metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance in colorectal cancer. While characterization of the normal lineage of cell development in the intestine has led to the identification of many genes involved in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency, recent studies suggest significant heterogeneity in CSC populations. Moreover, while many canonical colorectal cancer CSC marker genes have been identified, the ability to use these classical markers to annotate stemness at the single-cell level is limited. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on a cohort of 6 primary colon, 9 liver metastatic tumors, and 11 normal (nontumor) controls to identify colorectal CSCs at the single-cell level. Finding poor alignment of the 11 genes most used to identify colorectal CSC, we instead extracted a single-cell stemness signature (SCS_sig) that robustly identified “gold-standard” colorectal CSCs that expressed all marker genes. Using this SCS_sig to quantify stemness, we found that while normal epithelial cells show a bimodal distribution, indicating distinct stem and differentiated states, in tumor epithelial cells stemness is a continuum, suggesting greater plasticity in these cells. The SCS_sig score was quite variable between different tumors, reflective of the known transcriptomic heterogeneity of CRC. Notably, patients with higher SCS_sig scores had significantly shorter disease-free survival time after curative intent surgical resection, suggesting stemness is associated with relapse.

Implications:
This study reveals significant heterogeneity of expression of genes commonly used to identify colorectal CSCs, and identifies a novel stemness signature to identify these cells from scRNA-seq data.
Obese Male Mice Exposed to Early Life Stress Display Sympathetic Activation and Hypertension Independent of Circulating Angiotensin II
Authors: Dalmasso Carolina , Ahmed Nermin S. , Ghuneim Sundus , Cincinelli Cole , Leachman Jaqueline R. , Giani Jorge F. , Cassis Lisa , Loria Analia S. 
Published: December 2023

Background
We have previously reported that male mice exposed to maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), a model of early life stress, show sympathetic activation and increased blood pressure in response to a chronic high‐fat diet. The goal of this study was to investigate the contribution of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system to the mechanism by which MSEW increases blood pressure and vasomotor sympathetic tone in obese male mice.

Methods and Results
Mice were exposed to MSEW during postnatal life. Undisturbed litters served as controls. At weaning, both control and MSEW offspring were placed on a low‐fat diet or a high‐fat diet for 20 weeks. Angiotensin peptides in serum were similar in control and MSEW mice regardless of the diet. However, a high‐fat diet induced a similar increase in angiotensinogen levels in serum, renal cortex, liver, and fat in both control and MSEW mice. No evidence of renin–angiotensin system activation was found in adipose tissue and renal cortex. After chronic treatment with enalapril (2.5 mg/kg per day, drinking water, 7 days), an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor that does not cross the blood–brain barrier, induced a similar reduction in blood pressure in both groups, while the vasomotor sympathetic tone remained increased in obese MSEW mice. In addition, acute boluses of angiotensin II (1, 10, 50 μg/kg s.c.) exerted a similar pressor response in MSEW and control mice before and after enalapril treatment.

Conclusions
Overall, elevated blood pressure and vasomotor sympathetic tone remained exacerbated in MSEW mice compared with controls after the peripheral inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme, suggesting a mechanism independent of angiotensin II.
Mechanical Versus Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients Undergoing Bentall Procedure
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Yu , Chen Chun‐Yu , Chang Feng‐Cheng , Cheng Yu‐Ting , Wu Victor Chien‐Chia , Lin Chia‐Pin , Chan Yi‐Hsin , Hung Kuo‐Chun , Chu Pao‐Hsien , Chen Shao‐Wei 
Published: December 2023

Background
The widely used Bentall procedure is the criterion standard treatment for aortic root pathology. Studies comparing the long‐term outcomes of bioprosthetic and mechanical valves in patients undergoing the Bentall procedure are limited.

Methods and Results

Patients who underwent the Bentall procedure with a bioprosthetic or mechanical valve between 2001 and 2018 were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. The primary outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed to compare the 2 prosthetic types. In total, 1052 patients who underwent the Bentall procedure were identified. Among these patients, 351 (33.4%) and 701 (66.6%) chose bioprosthetic and mechanical valves, respectively. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, no significant differences in the in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.77–1.19];
P
=0.716) and all‐cause mortality (34.1% vs. 38.1%; hazard ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.78–1.04];
P
=0.154) were observed between the groups. The benefits of relative mortality associated with mechanical valves were apparent in younger patients and persisted until ≈50 years of age.

Conclusions
No differences in survival benefits were observed between the valves in patients who underwent the Bentall procedure. Additionally, bioprosthetic valves may be a reasonable choice for patients aged >50 years when receiving the Bentall procedure in this valve‐in‐valve era.
Polygraph Testing in Criminal Proceedings: Safe and Sound or Swimming Against the Tide?
Authors: Mergaerts Lore , Van Daele Dirk 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In contrast to other Western-European countries, polygraph testing is being used in police investigations in Belgium for about twenty years now. However, until recently, its use was not legally regulated. On 1 January 2021 an amendment to the law came into force which officially regulates the use of the polygraph in the Belgian Code of Criminal Procedure. Yet, in light of findings from academic research polygraph testing in criminal proceedings is controversial. Therefore, these Belgian practices and developments could be considered to be an outlier. Against this background, this article examines the recent legal regulation on polygraph testing and its use in practice from both a legal and criminological-psychological perspective. As such, the article offers important insights for law and practice on polygraph testing and the use of comparable other techniques across Europe and beyond.
Life Before and After
Authors: Hargrave Jocelyn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
‘Good’ editorial practice – in this case, post-developmental copy-editing work – is typically measured by an editor’s ‘positive invisibility’ (J. Hargrave, Teaching Publishing and Editorial Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2022). Traditionally, editing has been considered a ‘role [that] tends to be pushed into the margins’, taking place ‘behind the scenes’ and existing ‘everywhere and, therefore, nowhere’ (S. Greenberg, ‘When the Editor Disappears, Does Editing Disappear?’, Convergence, 2010, p. 8); a hidden, mysterious business transparent only to those who practise it. Editorial practice is hence often (mis)judged by physical invisibility on the page: that is, an absence of error. An editor’s value is predicated on their positive invisibility, an outcome of which can be their marginalization. With the distinction between work and home life essentially eradicated in the COVID-19 gig economy of 2020–2021, central questions posed for this context were simply: ‘How did editors cope with the work-to-home transition?’, ‘Did editors become more invisible and/or marginalized during COVID-19?’, and, ‘If so, what was the nature of this invisibility and/or marginalization?’ Editors were contacted in 2020 and 2022 to describe their editorial practice and its potential (in)visibility before, during, and after the 2020–2021 pandemic lockdowns. Their responses exposed their at times polarized experiences and work – life challenges, and ongoing systemic problems in industry.
Intrinsic Low-Frequency Variability in the Upper-Layer Circulation of the East Sea (Sea of Japan)
Authors: Kim Daehyuk , Shin Hong-Ryeol , Kim Cheol-Ho , Kim Joowan , Hirose Naoki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The effects of external forcing variation on the intrinsic variability in the upper-layer circulation occurring within the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and its physical mechanism are analyzed using numerical experiments. In this study, the experiments were conducted with climatological annual/monthly mean forcings (constant/seasonal forcings). The intrinsic variability is mainly distributed in the meandering regions around the main current path with the comparatively large variability limited to the southern region. The reason of greater intrinsic variability mainly in the southern part of the East Sea than in the northern part is that more energy is required from external forcings to change the thicker upper layer formed in the northern part due to seasonal forcings (strong wind stress and surface heat flux). Although the experiments show slight differences, westward propagation of the Rossby wave appears in areas where the variability is large. The transport of the eddy momentum flux associated with the Rossby wave modulates the strength of the eastward jet and the north–south shift of its axis. Among the external forcings, the volume transport through the Korea/Tsushima Strait is the most important driver of intrinsic variability, and wind stress plays an important role in expanding and strengthening intrinsic variability.

Significance Statement
Intrinsic variability is an important factor in understanding the total variability in the upper-layer circulation in the East Sea (Sea of Japan). However, the physical mechanisms of intrinsic variability remain unclear. This study investigates the physical mechanisms of intrinsic variability occurring within the East Sea. The intrinsic variability occurs mainly around the main current path, especially the meandering current. Based on numerical experiments, the mechanism of the intrinsic variability is represented by the fluctuation in the strength of the eastward current or the north–south movement of its axis caused by the Rossby wave.
Effect of Mortality alongside 5-Year Survival Rates and Incidence on the Public’s Perceived Benefits of Cancer Screening and Screening Intention: A Web-Based Experimental Study
Authors: Kim Soyun 
Published: December 2023

Background Mortality is critical information in evaluating the benefits of cancer screening. However, 5-y survival rates and incidence, without mortality, have been frequently communicated to the public. Based on the literature that people’s perceptions and judgments can be altered by the way of presenting health statistics, the current study examined whether mortality alongside 5-y survival and incidence would influence laypeople’s perceptions of the effectiveness of cancer screening and screening intention. Methods In an online-based experimental survey conducted in South Korea in October 2022, 300 adults were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (mortality: no v. yes) to be presented with 3 different cancers (A, B, and C). The perceived effectiveness of cancer screening and screening intention were measured using 7-point scales for each cancer. Results Across all cancers, participants in the no-mortality group perceived cancer screening to be more effective and were more willing to undergo screening compared with those in the mortality group, although the results were not statistically significant on the intention. Conclusions In general, mortality had an effect of decreasing the perceived effectiveness of cancer screening and screening intention compared with no mortality, although the effect on the intention was not statistically significant. Implications When communicating the benefits of cancer screening to the public, mortality statistics may play a role in mitigating the potentially inflated perception of the benefits of cancer screening and screening intention. Highlights Five-year survival rates, either alone or with incidence rates, are frequently communicated to the public in the context of the benefits of cancer screening. However, 5-y survival rates can sometimes be inflated without a reduction in mortality. Including mortality statistics in communications decreased the perceived effectiveness of cancer screening and screening intentions. Mortality information needs to be communicated in the benefits of cancer screening.
Outcome After Conservative and Endovascular Treatment of Stanford Type B Aortic Intramural Hematomas – A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Nebelung Heiner , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Plodeck Verena , Kapalla Marvin , Bohmann Bianca , Busch Albert , Weiss Norbert , Reeps Christian , Wolk Steffen 
Published: December 2023

Objectives Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is a rare disease. Thus far, only limited data is available and the indications for conservative and endovascular treatment are not well defined. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical presentation, course, CT imaging features and outcome of patients with type B aortic IMHs. Methods We included all patients with type B IMHs between 2012 and 2021 in this retrospective monocentric study. Clinical data, localization, thickness of IMHs and the presence of ulcer-like projections (ULPs) was evaluated before and after treatment. Results Thirty five patients (20 females; 70.3 y ± 11 y) were identified. Almost all IMHs (n = 34) were spontaneous and symptomatic with back pain (n = 34). At the time of diagnosis, TEVAR was deemed indicated in 9 patients, 26 patients were treated primarily conservatively. During the follow-up, in another 16 patients TEVAR was deemed indicated. Endovascularly and conservatively treated patients both showed decrease in thickness after treatment. Patients without ULPs showed more often complete resolution of the IMH than patients with ULPs (endovascularly treated 90.9% (10/11) vs 71.4% (5/7); conservatively treated 71.4% (10/14) vs 33.3% (1/3); P = .207). Complications after TEVAR occurred in 32% and more frequently in patients treated primarily conservatively (37.5% vs 22.2%). No in-hospital mortality was observed during follow-up. Conclusions Prognosis of IMH seems favourable in both surgically as well as conservatively treated patients. However, it is essential to identify patients at high risk for complications under conservative treatment, who therefore should be treated by TEVAR. In our study, ULPs seem to be an adverse factor for remodeling.
An Implementation-Focused Qualitative Exploration of Pharmacist Needs Regarding an Opioid Use Disorder Screening and Brief Intervention
Authors: Rao Deepika , McAtee Christine , Mercy Meg , Shiyanbola Olayinka O. , Ford James H. 
Published: December 2023

Background: Screening and brief interventions (SBI) can help identify opioid safety risks and healthcare professionals can accordingly intervene without a significant increase in workload. Pharmacists, one of the most accessible healthcare professionals, are uniquely positioned to offer SBI. To design an effective intervention with high potential for implementation, we explored pharmacist needs and barriers regarding SBI for opioid use disorders. Methods: Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted 11 semi-structured 60-minute interviews with community pharmacists. We used a purposeful sample of English-speaking pharmacists practicing in varied pharmacies (small independent, large-chain, specialty-retail) and positions (managers, owners, full-time/part-time pharmacists). Transcriptions were analyzed using deductive content analysis based on CFIR constructs, followed by inductive open coding. Utilizing a theoretical framework for data collection and analysis, a diverse sample of pharmacist roles, peer debriefing, and 2 independent coders for each transcript, altogether increased the credibility and transferability of our research. Data collection and analysis continued until data saturation was achieved. Results: Pharmacists described good working relationships with colleagues, organization cultures that were open to new initiatives, and believed the SBI to be compatible with their organization goals and pharmacy structure, which are facilitators for future SBI implementation. Pharmacists were motivated by improved patient outcomes, more patient interaction and clinical roles, representing facilitators at the individual level. They also described stigma toward patients, mixed need for change, and lack of knowledge regarding SBI, which are potential barriers to be addressed. Pharmacists believed that the SBI model was adaptable, not complicated, and benefits outweighed implementation costs. Conclusions: We addressed current SBI literature gaps—mainly lack of focus on implementation and contextual data, through rigorous implementation-focused qualitative research. Our exploratory findings have direct implications on future pharmacy-based SBI implementation.