bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of community paramedicine in fall prevention: A SWOT analysis
Authors: Quatman Carmen E. , Wiseman Jessica M. , Dickinson Chandler , Leach Monica C. , Hislop Michelle , Kegelmeyer Deb A. , Kloos Anne D. , Quatman‐Yates Catherine C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMillions of older US adults fall annually, leading to catastrophic injuries, over 32,000 deaths and healthcare costs of over $55 billion. This study evaluated perceived benefits and limitations of using community paramedicine for fall prevention strategies from the lens of older adults, caregivers, and healthcare providers.MethodsSemi‐structured focus groups were held with individuals from three stakeholder groups: (1) community‐dwelling older adults (age ≥60), (2) caregivers, and (3) healthcare providers. The Strengths‐Weaknesses‐Opportunities‐Threats (SWOT) framework was used to quantitatively analyze stakeholder perceptions of using community paramedicine for fall prevention strategies.ResultsA total of 10 focus groups were held with 56 participants representing older adults (n = 15), caregivers (n = 16), and healthcare providers (n = 25). Community paramedicine was supported as a model of fall prevention by older adults, caregivers, and healthcare providers. Participants identified strengths such as visibility to the home environment, ability to implement home modifications, implicit trust in emergency medical services (EMS), and capacity to redirect resources toward prevention. Additionally, participants acknowledged opportunities such as providing continuity of care across the healthcare spectrum, improving quality and safety of care and potentially reducing unnecessary emergency department use. Participants endorsed weaknesses and threats such as funding, concerns of patients about stigma, and struggles with medical data integration.ConclusionsThe results of this study illuminate the opportunity to leverage community paramedicine to address a variety of perceived barriers in order to design and implement better solutions for fall prevention efforts.
The dynamic characteristics of multi‐media carbon pollution and their spatial influencing factors: A case study of the Greater Bay Area of China
Authors: Chen Chen , Wen Zongguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor urban agglomerations that contain multiple interconnected cities, carbon pollution mitigation is particularly challenging due to the complex pollution transfer among environmental media and among cities. Insufficient attention has been paid to the city‐level metabolic processes of carbon in diverse physicochemical forms and their spatial interactions, impeding the identification and management of multi‐media carbon pollution from the integrated perspective of the whole urban agglomeration. Using the Greater Bay Area of China as a case, this study reveals the dynamic characteristics and spatial influencing factors of multi‐media carbon pollution covering 30 consecutive years based on substance flow analysis and a spatial econometric model. We find increasing necessity for controlling carbon pollution in the solid state, which reached 1890 Gg C/a in 2018 and was significantly higher than that in the gaseous (290 Gg C/a) and liquid (730 Gg C/a) state. Cross‐media transfer of carbon pollution made an increasingly substantial contribution to total carbon pollution from 14.6% to 20.7%, stressing the need for treatment and harmless disposal of sludge and the control of CH4 produced from waste landfilling, wastewater treatment, and livestock manure. Relocation of heavily polluting industries and variances at the level of environmental regulation between cities causes spatial transfer of carbon pollution, while the improvement of industrial structure and the advancement of pollution treatment technology have a positive demonstration effect for carbon pollution abatement of the neighboring cities. This study demonstrates the necessity of multi‐media and multi‐city integrities in carbon pollution mitigation within clustered cities.
A method of concrete damage detection and localization based on weakly supervised learning
Authors: Jiang Yongqing , Pang Dandan , Li Chengdong , Wang Jianze 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAutomatic inspection of concrete surface defects based on visual elements is crucial for the timely detection of security risks in infrastructure. Moreover, accurate determination of the geographical location of the detected defects is critical for subsequent maintenance and reinforcement tasks. This study employed convolutional neural network (CNN) training methods for detection and localization. This approach employs bounding boxes to confine damaged pixels and utilizes projection loss to foster similarity learning between pixels. In addition, geotags are automatically indexed through the vectorization of invariant features in a scene, which maintains high model accuracy and reduces training costs. The proposed method can detect and classify typical concrete defects in complex scenarios and accurately locate them without the use of external sensors. In addition, the proposed model can achieve pixel‐level defect detection and geographic location determination through the cost of bounding box annotation and automatic indexing. The proposed model was evaluated using 10,691 images of four typical concrete defects in various complex environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a pixel‐level detection accuracy of 48.75 and a location accuracy of 83.69, showing a better performance than other methods.
Association between trigeminal neuralgia and degenerative cervical myelopathy: A cross‐sectional study using US data
Authors: Trager Robert J. , Theodorou Elainie C. , Chu Eric Chun‐Pu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited research has suggested that trigeminal neuralgia (TN), an often‐idiopathic pain disorder affecting the face and head, may arise from compression of the cervical spinal cord due to involvement of the spinal trigeminal tract. We hypothesized that adults with TN would have a greater likelihood of concurrent degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) compared to matched adults without TN.MethodsWe retrieved de‐identified data from a US network (TriNetX, Inc.) including medical records of >113 million patients, with a query date of October 1, 2023, and data spanning the previous 20 years. We created two groups of adults (aged ≥18 years): Those with (1) TN and (2) No TN, excluding individuals with predisposing conditions for TN (e.g., multiple sclerosis, ophthalmic and oral/maxillofacial surgery) and propensity matched for confounders (e.g., age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive diseases, migraine, osteoporosis). We calculated the point prevalence and odds ratio (OR) of DCM with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAfter matching there were 37,163 patients per group. The mean point prevalence of DCM in the TN group was 0.55% (95% CI: 0.47–0.63%) compared with 0.04% (0.03–0.06%) in the no TN group, yielding an OR of 12.94 (95% CI: 7.78–21.53; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsAdults with TN had more than 12 times greater odds of concurrent DCM compared to those without TN. These findings suggest that DCM may be a risk factor for TN, yet causality should be further examined using case–control or cohort designs.
Stimulating and toxic effect of chromium on growth and photosynthesis of a marine chlorophyte
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Charles Philip D. , Bendif El Mahdi , Hester Svenja S. , Mohammad Shabaz , Rickaby Rosalind E. M. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Marine phytoplankton can interchange trace metals in various biochemical functions, particularly under metal‐limiting conditions. Here, we investigate the stimulating and toxicity effect of chromium (Cr) on a marine Chlorophyceae Osetreococcus tauri under Fe‐replete and Fe‐deficient conditions.
We determined the growth, photosynthesis, and proteome expressions of Osetreococcus tauri cultured under different Cr and Fe concentrations.
In Fe‐replete conditions, the presence of Cr(VI) stimulated significantly the growth rate and the maximum yield of photochemistry of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of the phytoplankton, while the functional absorption cross‐section of photosystem II (σPSII) did not change. Minor additions of Cr(VI) partially rescued phytoplankton growth under Fe‐limited conditions. Proteomic analysis of this alga grown in Fe‐replete normal and Fe‐replete with Cr addition media (10 μM Cr) showed that the presence of Cr significantly decreased the expression of phosphate‐transporting proteins and photosynthetic proteins, while increasing the expression of proteins related to carbon assimilation.
Cr can stimulate the growth and photosynthesis of O. tauri, but the effects are dependent on both the Cr(VI) concentration and the availability of Fe. The proteomic results further suggest that Cr(VI) addition might significantly increase starch production and carbon fixation.
Insights into molecular links and transcription networks integrating drought stress and nitrogen signaling
Authors: Cerda Ariel , Alvarez José M. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryDrought and the availability of nitrate, the predominant source of nitrogen (N) in agriculture, are major factors limiting plant growth and crop productivity. The dissection of the transcriptional networks' components integrating droght stress and nitrate responses provides valuable insights into how plants effectively balance stress response with growth programs. Recent evidence in Arabidopsis thaliana indicates that transcription factors (TFs) involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling affect N metabolism and nitrate responses, and reciprocally, components of nitrate signaling might affect ABA and drought gene responses. Advances in understanding regulatory circuits of nitrate and drought crosstalk in plant tissues empower targeted genetic modifications to enhance plant development and stress resistance, critical traits for optimizing crop yield and promoting sustainable agriculture.
A New Masaccio—and Other Low‐Life Images—from Anton Francesco Grazzini's Florentine Art History
Authors: Goodchild Karen Hope 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat if a new Masaccio were found? This article offers a 16th century ekphrasis of a “lost” Masaccio so ornate, funny, and lusty that it upends prior conceptions of the artist. I examine this description and two others, all by the comic writer Anton Francesco Grazzini (“Il Lasca,” 1503‐1584), to see how art could be leveraged within Florence's literary and artistic culture as class commentary. I have located in Florence two of the works of art that clearly motivated Grazzini's literary portraits and, by analyzing Grazzini's texts in relation to these and other possible inspirations, I reveal his associative view of Florence, one that links upper‐class, humanist concerns with lower‐class stereotypes. What emerges is a Florence with boundaries removed: in Grazzini's words, the material and literary fabric of the city are knitted together in a new way, one that elides eras as it conjures the visions, sounds, and even tastes of Florence's carnival streets. My analysis suggests why Grazzini may have wanted such juxtapositions, and will show that while his vision is fantastic, it is grounded in identifiable, even material, cultural production.
Understanding the relevance of surgical specialties in undergraduate medical education: Insights of graduates
Authors: Girón‐Luque Fernando , Téllez‐Rodríguez Luis‐Jaime , Rueda‐Gutiérrez Jorge , Vergel John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relevance of training medical students in surgical specialty services has been a matter of debate in contexts where the health care system focuses on primary health care. Some educators argue that medical students should be trained in primary care settings. Other educators assert that rotating in highly complex hospitals strengthens the competencies of future general practitioners. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the added value that rotations in surgical specialties have brought to newly graduated doctors' lives. In this study, we explored the perceptions of a group of graduates by focusing on the relevant experiences they had during their surgical specialty rotations in undergraduate medical training and how this training influenced their personal and professional life.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using a convenience sampling strategy to recruit a total of seven junior doctors. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews in 2022. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data until code saturation was reached.ResultsThe recurring themes were (1) perception of rotations, (2) valuable learning for medical practice and (3) defining their professional future. Participants felt that their experiences in surgical specialty rotations were beneficial, as they gained confidence to perform professionally and decide on future employment and strengthened their research and primary healthcare competencies.ConclusionAlthough training in primary healthcare centres is crucial in undergraduate medical education, these results suggest that including rotations in surgical specialties may be valuable in enhancing the future careers of junior doctors.
What do you think of when you hear the word ‘feedback’? A reflective thematic analysis study of interviews
Authors: Alansari Reem , Lim Pei‐Wen , Ramani Subha , Palaganas Janice C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeAlthough most teaching around feedback focuses on the delivery, one must consider that the word ‘feedback’ is not a neutral word. It inflicts a range of emotions that, when used, may influence the effectiveness of the feedback process. A more profound understanding of health professions educators' perceptions regarding the word ‘feedback’ can help explain discrepancies between the provision, reception and acceptance of feedback.MethodsThis is a qualitative inductive, reflective thematic analysis study. The authors interviewed 22 health professions educators participating in an online workshop to develop their feedback giving skills on their initial perspectives of the word ‘feedback’.ResultsWe found four major themes: (1) Can I tell you a little story about my feedback experience? (2) It is probably going to be negative. (3) There is always something to learn if you are willing to hear the message. (4) It is like getting a report card. From the data, we suggest one key antecedent and two practical approaches one could take when giving feedback.ConclusionIn this article, the authors highlight barriers during the feedback process due to the mere perception of the nature of feedback and the connotations associated with the term itself and suggest approaches that can refocus conversations towards a shared meaning and purpose of improvement, despite the preconceptions of the word ‘feedback’.
Bayesian true prevalence estimation of brucellosis in sheep, goats, cattle and camels in southeast regions of Iran
Authors: Meletis Eleftherios , Sakhaee Ehsanollah , Kostoulas Polychronis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAims and MethodsBrucellosis is worldwide one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases with serious public health hazard affecting domestic livestock and causing economic losses. Objective of this study is to estimate the true prevalence of brucellosis in livestock, specifically cattle, sheep, goats and camels, using a novel Bayesian latent class model, adjusting for the imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the applied tests, where the second test was restricted only to first test‐positive samples.ResultsBrucellosis seems more prevalent in goats and sheep, while the posterior medians and 95% probability intervals (95% PI) for the average true prevalence for sheep, goats, cattle and camels are 18% (4%–43%), 19% (7%–37%), 16% (5%–34%) and 18% (1%–48%) respectively.ConclusionsThe study results indicate that brucellosis is highly endemic in Iran and crucial steps are needed to control and raise awareness about the high public health concern of the disease.
Information needs of stroke survivors and their family members regarding post-stroke cognition: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hobden Georgina , Demeyere Nele 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
The aim of this review is to map current evidence describing the information needs of stroke survivors and family members regarding cognition.

Introduction:
Managing cognitive changes is the most frequently reported unmet need among stroke survivors; hence, there is an urgent need to improve support for post-stroke cognitive impairment. While there is evidence that psychoeducation may help stroke survivors and their family members develop awareness about cognitive impairment and self-management strategies, it is unclear what information stroke survivors and their family members want to receive and how their needs change over time.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider peer-reviewed articles describing information needs relating to the following cognitive domains: memory, language, attention, executive function, praxis, and number processing. Stroke survivors and/or their family members must comprise at least 50% of the study population and must be aged at least 18 years. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies will be included.

Methods:
The review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A full literature search will be conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Scopus using a search strategy developed in consultation with an expert university librarian. Articles will be screened by title, abstract, and full text; then, data will be extracted by 2 independent reviewers. The reference lists of included articles will be hand-searched for additional material. Data analysis and reporting will involve qualitative (textual narrative synthesis) and quantitative (descriptive statistics) methods.
Biophysical, thermo‐physiological and perceptual determinants of cool‐seeking behaviour during exercise in younger and older women
Authors: Valenza Alessandro , Blount Hannah , Bianco Antonino , Worsley Peter R. , Filingeri Davide 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWomen continue to be under‐represented in thermoregulatory research despite their undergoing unique physiological changes across the lifespan. This study investigated the biophysical, thermo‐physiological, and perceptual determinants of cool‐seeking behaviour during exercise in younger and older women. Eleven younger (25 ± 5 years; 1.7 ± 0.1 m; 63.1 ± 5.2 kg) and 11 older women (53 ± 6 years; 1.7 ± 0.1 m; 65.4 ± 13.9 kg) performed a 40‐min incremental cycling test in a thermoneutral environment (22 ± 1.7°C; 36 ± 4% relative humidity). Throughout the test, participants freely adjusted the temperature of a cooling probe applied to their wrists to offset their thermal discomfort. We continuously recorded the probe–wrist interface temperature to quantify participants’ cool‐seeking behaviour. We also measured changes in participants’ rate of metabolic heat production, core and mean skin temperatures, and skin wetness. Finally, we body‐mapped participants’ skin heat, cold and wetness sensitivity. Our results indicated that: (1) older and younger women exhibited similar onset and magnitude of cool‐seeking behaviour, despite older women presented reduced autonomic heat‐dissipation responses (i.e., whole‐body sweat losses); (2) older women's thermal behaviour was less determined by changes in core temperature (this being a key driver in younger women), and more by changes in multiple thermo‐physiological and biophysical parameters (i.e., physical skin wetness, temperature and heat production); (3) older women did not present lower regional skin thermal and wetness sensitivity than younger women. We conclude that predictions of female cool‐seeking behaviours based on thermo‐physiological variables should consider the effects of ageing. These findings are relevant for the design of wearable cooling systems and sports garments that meet the thermal needs of women across the lifespan.
Neuromuscular State Estimation Via Space-by-Time Neural Signal Decomposition
Authors: Baskaran Avinash , Hollinger David S. , Hailey Rhet O. , Zabala Michael E. , Rose Chad G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Robotic exoskeletons for the hand are being explored to improve health, safety, and physical performance. However, much research effort is needed to establish reliable models of human behavior for effective human–robot interaction control. In this work, surface electromyography is used to measure and model muscle activity of healthy participants performing quasi-isometric and dynamic hand exercises. Non-negative matrix tri-factorization is used to extract hidden neuromuscular parameters encoded in spatial and temporal muscle synergies, which are used to estimate probabilistic linear models of intent, effort, and fatigue. This paper thereby presents steps toward reliable modeling of nonlinear time-varying hand neuromuscular dynamics for intuitive and robust human–robot interaction.
Nonlinear Evaluation of a Large-Stroke Coiled L-Shape Compliant Guiding Mechanism With Constant Stiffness
Authors: Ling Mingxiang , Zhao Linfeng , Wu Shilei , Chen Liguo , Sun Lining 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Owing to the advantages of monolithic structure and little need for assembling, compliant guiding mechanisms appear to be an effective solution for decoupling multi-freedom precision motions but are still prone to geometric nonlinearities of parasitic error and stiffening effect for large strokes. This paper proposes a coiled L-shape compliant guiding mechanism featuring millimeter-scale strokes with a compact structure, constant stiffness, and minimized parasitic error. The coiled compliant guiding mechanism is formed by convolving L-shape flexure beams in a zigzag configuration with decoupled XY motions achieved. Its geometrically nonlinear parasitic error, variation in stiffness, and primary vibration are captured by using a dynamic beam constraint model (DBCM). It is theoretically, numerically, and experimentally found, by comparing with double parallel guiding mechanisms, that the kinetostatic and dynamic behaviors of the coiled L-shape compliant mechanism are nearly independent on the applied force within intermediate-deformation ranges. Such a weak geometric nonlinearity with the minimized influence of axially loaded stiffening and kinematics-arching effects is much different from the double parallel guiding mechanisms. The obtained results indicate that large strokes with constant stiffness and invariable resonance frequency can be realized, which also allows small parasitic errors.