bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal trunk and head volume measured by three‐dimensional ultrasound at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation in chromosomally normal pregnancies
Authors: Falcon O. , Peralta C. F. A. , Cavoretto P. , Faiola S. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the relationship between fetal trunk and head volume measured by three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and gestational age at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation.MethodsThe fetal trunk and head volume were measured using 3D ultrasound in 417 chromosomally normal fetuses from singleton pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 (median, 12 + 0) weeks of gestation. Regression analysis was used to determine the significance of the association between fetal volume and gestational age. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to compare the measurement agreement and bias for a single examiner and between different examiners.ResultsThe fetal trunk and head volume increased linearly with gestation from a mean of 5.8 mL at 11 + 0 weeks to 33.3 mL at 13 + 6 weeks and 1 SD was 4.4 mL. There was also a significant linear association between fetal volume and crown–rump length (CRL), from a mean of 5.1 mL at a CRL of 45 mm to 37.5 mL at a CRL of 84 mm and 1 SD was 2.7 mL. However, within this gestational range, a doubling in CRL, from a mean of 48 mm at 11 + 0 weeks to 79 mm at 13 + 6 weeks, was associated with a 5–6‐fold increase in fetal volume. The mean difference in fetal volume between paired measurements by the same sonographer was −0.87 mL (95% limits of agreement, −2.31 to 4.05 mL) and the mean difference between paired measurements by two sonographers was −1.09 mL (−5.49 to 3.32 mL).Conclusions3D ultrasound can provide a reproducible measurement of the fetal trunk and head volume in early pregnancy. At between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks there is a 5–6‐fold increase in fetal volume but only a doubling in CRL. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathogenesis of urethral funneling in women with stress urinary incontinence assessed by introital ultrasound
Authors: Tunn R. , Goldammer K. , Gauruder‐Burmester A. , Wildt B. , Beyersdorff D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence of urethral funneling (UF) seen in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during straining is reported to range from 18.6% to 97.4%. Its morphologic basis is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether SUI patients with and without UF differ in terms of history, urodynamic results and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Patients and MethodsFifty‐four women (mean age 52 ± 11 years) with a history of SUI confirmed by clinical and urodynamic findings were included in the study. UF was demonstrated by introital ultrasound performed at a bladder filling volume of 300 mL during maximal straining. MRI for assessment of the urethra, levator ani muscle and endopelvic fascia was performed using axial proton‐density‐weighted sequences.ResultsUF was demonstrated by introital ultrasound in 59% of the patients with SUI (Group 1) and was absent in 41% (Group 2). There were no differences between the two groups in mean age (P = 0.208), the incidence of mild prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall (Aa, Ba; stage I; P = 0.741), and urodynamic parameters (urethral closure pressure at rest; P = 0.507). The percentages of nulliparous and parous women were 22% and 78% in Group 1 and 54% and 46% in Group 2 (P = 0.013). The two groups did not differ in the MRI demonstration of morphologic defects of the urethra, levator ani muscle and endopelvic fascia or of combined defects.ConclusionsThe results of the present study did not elucidate the pathogenesis of UF. The demonstration of UF crucially depends on the examination technique employed. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of Prothrombotic Abnormalities in Patients with Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Ağaoğlu Nazım , Türkyılmaz Serdar , Ovalı Ercüment , Uçar Fahri , Ağaoğlu Celal 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAcute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a rare condition that may be associated with a variety of congenital prothrombotic disorders (PDs). The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of these disorders in 28 AMI patients compared with 103 healthy individuals from the northeastern region of Turkey. They were screened for protein C, antithrombin III, and protein S deficiencies; and gene analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction. A PD was revealed in 16 (57%) patients and 33 (32%) controls (p = 0.020). Factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin G20210A mutation, and TT677 homozygous mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase was detected in 10 (36%) patients versus 16 (15%) controls (p = 0.035), 3 (11%) patients versus 10 (9%) controls (p = 1.00), and 1 (3%) patient versus no controls, respectively. Consistent with caucasian ethnic groups, there was high prevalence of PDs, especially FVL; and these abnormalities might be a significant predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of AMI.
Long‐term Survival of Patients with Gallbladder Cancer Detected during or after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Akatsu Tomotaka , Ueda Masakazu , Shimazu Motohide , Wakabayashi Go , Aiura Koichi , Tanabe Minoru , Kawachi Shigeyuki , Kido Hiromu , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLittle evidence is available regarding long‐term survival of patients with gallbladder cancer that is discovered at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Therefore the present study was performed to evaluate long‐term outcomes of this disease. Of 1546 patients who underwent LC for benign gallbladder disease between January 1992 and January 2002, 8 patients (0.5%) had cancers that were found during or after LC. The median follow‐up period was 55 months (range: 36–142 months). The gallbladder was resected without perforation in all cases. During surgery there was a suspicion of malignancy in 6 of 8 cases. Frozen section analysis showed that 2 had TNM stage Tis tumors, 2 had T1a tumors, and 2 had T2 tumors. Two patients with T2 tumors were immediately converted to extended cholecystectomy. The final pathology revealed another 2 tumors, and demonstrated that 3 patients had Tis tumors, 3 had T1a tumors, and 2 had T2N0M0 tumors. None of the patients underwent additional surgery. All patients survived with no evidence of recurrence during the median follow‐up of 55 months. In conclusion, before and during LC, we have not overlooked T2 or more advanced tumor, which requires additional procedures for curative resection. This might result in good survival. We consider that an intensive preoperative work‐up and meticulous inspection of the opened gallbladder should be mandatory to detect gallbladder cancer in patients who undergo LC. At present, this is not routinely practiced.
Modeste and Mignon: Balzac rewrites Goethe
Authors: Cave Terence 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Amid the many literary intertexts of Balzac's
Modeste Mignon
(1844), the works of Goethe play a key role. Modeste's first name contains a coded reference to
Torquato Tasso
, while her family name is borrowed from the Mignon of
Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre.
Because Modeste is in many ways quite unlike Mignon, this latter reference has generally been regarded as marginal, but it can be shown that Balzac consciously plays off the
Bildungsroman
of his poetic but in the end solid and capable heroine against Goethe's ill-fated personification of lyrical poetry. Central to this parallel is the scene in which Modeste improvises a setting of her favourite poem by the poet she thinks she is in love with: unusually, the score (composed at Balzac's request by Daniel Auber) is printed consecutively with the narrative. This song transposes into a new literary, musical and social context Mignon's celebrated ‘Kennst du das Land?’.
Modeste Mignon
thus appears as both a specifically French mutation of the Mignon story and an ironic commentary on its Romantic implications.
The experiences of voluntary career change in 30‐somethings and implications for guidance
Authors: Wise Amelia Jane , Millward Lynne J. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to discover the key psychological issues involved in voluntary career change in 30‐somethings, with implications for career theory and guidance.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology was employed. Data gathering was by means of semi‐structured interviews and interpretation used interpretative phenomenological analysis. A sensemaking perspective within a constructivist framework defined the research.FindingsThree types of themes were generated from the participant interviews. The first relates to issues of continuity and discontinuity during the change process, the second deals with participant's values directing the change, and the final theme covers the influence of context on the change process. The implications these themes have for contemporary meanings of career are discussed together with suggestions for guidance.Research limitations/implicationsFindings only reflect views at a point in time. A recommendation for future longitudinal research is made. The effect of the researcher is acknowledged in the sensemaking process.Practical implicationsA number of revisions to traditional career theory are identified and several career guidance implications.Originality/valueThis research is unique in addressing specific issues relating to the 30‐something age‐group and is topical in dealing with the phenomena of autonomous career change among this group. The use of a phenomenological perspective is scarce in the study of career change and provides a highly personal insight that furthers our understanding of the meaning of career. This is of particular value to career theorists and career counsellors.
Characterization and enzymatic degradation of Sup35NM, a yeast prion‐like protein
Authors: Chen Ching‐Ying , Rojanatavorn Kawan , Clark A. Clay , Shih Jason C.H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are believed to be caused by an unconventional infectious agent, the prion protein. The pathogenic and infectious form of prion protein, PrPSc, is able to aggregate and form amyloid fibrils, very stable and resistant to most disinfecting processes and common proteases. Under specific conditions, PrPSc in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) brain tissue was found degradable by a bacterial keratinase and some other proteases. Since this disease‐causing prion is infectious and dangerous to work with, a model or surrogate protein that is safe is needed for the in vitro degradation study. Here a nonpathogenic yeast prion‐like protein, Sup35NM, cloned and overexpressed in E. coli, was purified and characterized for this purpose. Aggregation and deaggregation of Sup35NM were examined by electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, Congo red binding, fluorescence, and Western blotting. The degradation of Sup35NM aggregates by keratinase and proteinase K under various conditions was studied and compared. These results will be of value in understanding the mechanism and optimization of the degradation process.
Nuclear transfer of perchloric acid–soluble protein by endoplasmic reticulum stressors
Authors: Kanouchi Hiroaki , Matsumoto Mitsuharu , Taga Masaki , Yamada Koji , Oka Tatsuzo , Toné Shigenobu , Minatogawa Yohsuke 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPerchloric acid–soluble protein (PSP) is highly conserved during evolution from bacteria to mammals. Although PSP has been recognized as an inhibitor of translation and proliferation in vitro, its precise biological role has not yet been elucidated. Since we previously found similar distributions for PSP and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex, the intracellular distribution of PSP was analyzed in more detail. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that PSP co‐localized with the ER and Golgi complex, since the distribution pattern of PSP was well matched to both of these organelles. An immunoelectron microscopic study revealed PSP was located not only in the cytosol but also on the surface of the outer ER membrane. Since PSP was present on the ER, we speculated that it may be associated with ER function. Therefore, we analyzed whether or not the ER stress response, which is one of the ER functions, affected PSP expression. The results showed that various ER stressors (thapsigargin, A23187, tunicamycin, brefeldin A, and cisplatin) provoked a dramatic change in the localization of PSP from outside of the nucleus to inside the nucleus within 3 h. Moreover, the ER stressors induced PSP expression. These results suggest that PSP is involved in the cellular response to ER stressors, and that the change in localization of PSP from the ER to the nucleus may be associated with ER stress responses.
Identifying psychosocial problems among youth: factors associated with youth agreement on a positive parent‐completed PSC‐17
Authors: Duke N. , Ireland M. , Borowsky I. W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground  The choice of informant is a critical piece in the identification of psychosocial problems in youth. While many behavioural measures have been adapted to include information from multiple sources, in the case of parents and youth, poor agreement has been found. Our study purpose was to identify youth and parent factors associated with whether the youth agrees with a positive parent‐completed screen of youth psychosocial problems.Methods  Parents of youth aged 10–15 years who were seen for a medical visit at eight clinics completed the 17‐item Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC‐17). Youth scoring positive on the screen and their parents/guardians were interviewed by telephone after the visit (n = 145). We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify parent characteristics and child factors associated with whether the youth agrees with the positive parent‐completed screen.Results  Fifty per cent of youth participants agreed with their parent on a positive parent‐completed PSC‐17 based on their completion of the Y‐PSC‐17 as a self‐report measure. Youth who reported a positive Y‐PSC‐17 in agreement with their parent were twice as likely to meet diagnostic cut‐offs on sub‐scales of anxiety/depression and aggression on the Child Behaviour Checklist (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively), reported lower parent–child connectedness (P < 0.01) and their parents reported more anger/frustration (P < 0.05) than youth who disagreed with the positive parent‐completed screen. Most of these associations remained significant when controlling for the other factors and demographic characteristics in multivariate analysis.Conclusions  Findings indicate that when the youth agrees with a positive parent‐completed PSC‐17, there is higher parent frustration, lower parent–child connectedness, and the youth is more likely to have a diagnosis of an emotional or behavioural disorder. Thus, when possible, the use of both parent and youth as informants provides necessary information in formulating a comprehensive treatment strategy to address the psychosocial needs of youth.
The penC mutation conferring antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae arises from a mutation in the PilQ secretin that interferes with multimer stability
Authors: Zhao Shuqing , Tobiason Deborah M. , Hu Mei , Seifert H. Steven , Nicholas Robert A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe penC resistance gene was previously characterized in an FA19 penA mtrR penB gonococcal strain (PR100) as a spontaneous mutation that increased resistance to penicillin and tetracycline. We show here that antibiotic resistance mediated by penC is the result of a Glu‐666 to Lys missense mutation in the pilQ  gene  that  interferes  with  the  formation  of the SDS‐resistant high‐molecular‐mass PilQ secretin complex, disrupts piliation and decreases transformation frequency by 50‐fold. Deletion of pilQ in PR100 confers the same level of antibiotic resistance as the penC mutation, but increased resistance was  observed  only  in  strains  containing  the mtrR and penB resistance determinants. Site‐saturation mutagenesis of Glu‐666 revealed that only acidic or amidated amino acids at this position preserved PilQ function. Consistent with early studies suggesting the importance of cysteine residues for stability of the PilQ multimer, mutation of either of the two cysteine residues in FA19 PilQ led to a similar phenotype as penC: increased antibiotic resistance, loss of piliation, intermediate levels of transformation competence and absence of SDS‐resistant PilQ oligomers. These data show that a functional secretin complex can enhance the entry of antibiotics into the cell and suggest that the PilQ oligomer forms a pore in the outer membrane through which antibiotics diffuse into the periplasm.
Secretion of YscP from Yersinia enterocolitica is essential to control the length of the injectisome needle but not to change the type III secretion substrate specificity
Authors: Agrain Céline , Sorg Isabel , Paroz Cécile , Cornelis Guy R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe length of the needle of the Yersinia Ysc injectisome is determined by a protein called YscP. This protein, which acts both as a molecular ruler and as a substrate‐specificity switch for type III secretion is itself secreted by the injectisome. In this report, we address the question why YscP is secreted. By a systematic deletion analysis and by fusing different parts of the molecule to the adenylate cyclase reporter, we identified two independent secretion signals. One of them is encompassed within the 35 N‐terminal residues while the second one spans residues 97–137. These two signals are functionally different from Yop secretion signals. When both secretion signals were removed, Yops could still be secreted but the needle length control was lost. YscP possessing only one signal did not control needle length properly but the control was improved when more YscP was produced and secreted. YscP deprived of both signals could not control length, even when overproduced. We conclude from this that YscP needs to be secreted to exert its length control function but not its substrate‐specificity switch function.
A master regulator σB governs osmotic and oxidative response as well as differentiation via a network of sigma factors in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jin , Karoonuthaisiri Nitsara , Kim Hyo‐Sub , Park Joo‐Hong , Cha Chang‐Jun , Kao Camilla M. , Roe Jung‐Hye 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe differentiating bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor harbours some 66 sigma factors, which support its complex life cycle. σB, a functional homologue of σS from Escherichia coli, controls both osmoprotection and differentiation in S. coelicolor A3(2). Microarray analysis revealed σB‐dependent induction of more than 280 genes by 0.2 M KCl. These genes encode several sigma factors, oxidative defence proteins, chaperones, systems to provide osmolytes, cysteine, mycothiol, and gas vesicle. σB controlled induction of itself and its two paralogues (σL and σM) in a hierarchical order of σB→σL→σM, as revealed by S1 mapping and Western blot analyses. The phenotype of each sigma mutant suggested a sequential action in morphological differentiation; σB in forming aerial mycelium, σL in forming spores and σM for efficient sporulation. σB was also responsible for the increase in cysteine and mycothiol, the major thiol buffer in actinomycetes, upon osmotic shock, revealing an overlap between protections against osmotic and oxidative stresses. Proteins in sigB mutant were more oxidized (carbonylated) than the wild type. These results support a hypothesis that σB serves as a master regulator that triggers other related sigma factors in a cascade, and thus regulates differentiation and osmotic and oxidative response in S. coelicolor.
The 5′ untranslated region‐mediated enhancement of intracellular listeriolysin O production is required for Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity
Authors: Shen Aimee , Higgins Darren E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryListeriolysin O (LLO) and ActA are essential virulence determinants for Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis. Transcription of actA and hly, encoding LLO, is regulated by PrfA and increases dramatically during intracellular infection. The 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs) of actA and prfA have been shown to upregulate expression of their respective gene products. Here, we demonstrate that the hly 5′ UTR plays a critical role in regulating expression of LLO during intracellular infection. Deletion of the hly 5′ UTR, while retaining the hly ribosome binding site, had a moderate effect on LLO production during growth in broth culture, yet resulted in a marked decrease in LLO levels during intracellular infection. The diminished level of LLO resulted in a significant defect in bacterial cell‐to‐cell spread during intracellular infection and a 10‐fold reduction in virulence during in vivo infection of mice. Insertion of the hly 5′ UTR sequence between a heterologous promoter and reporter gene sequences indicated that the hly 5′ UTR functions independent of PrfA‐mediated transcription and can enhance expression of cis‐associated genes through a mechanism that appears to act at both a post‐transcriptional and translational level. The ability of the hly 5′ UTR to increase gene expression can be exploited to achieve PrfA‐independent complementation of virulence genes and high‐level expression of single copy heterologous genes in L. monocytogenes.
Transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock operon kaiBC by upstream regions in cyanobacteria
Authors: Kutsuna Shinsuke , Nakahira Yoichi , Katayama Mitsunori , Ishiura Masahiro , Kondo Takao 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, the kaiBC operon is upregulated by the KaiA protein and downregulated by the KaiC protein to generate circadian oscillation. We investigated the regulation of kaiBC transcription. A primer extension and deletion analyses of the upstream region mapped the sufficient promoter region (SPR) to base pairs −55 to +1 (the transcription start site, TSS) and identified a constitutive negative regulatory region upstream of the SPR (base pairs −897 to −56) that extended into the coding sequence of kaiA. Base‐pair substitution within the SPR identified a sequence from −52 to −28 that was the essential element for transcription. Most of the examined sequences drove rhythmic expression of a luxAB reporter that was similar to the expression driven by the kaiBC promoter (PkaiBC) and responded to the overexpression of kaiA or kaiC, even in a promoter activity range of 1–8000%. These results indicate that circadian feedback regulation by KaiA and KaiC is addressed to a  global step preceding transcription driven by PkaiBC. However, increasing or decreasing the intrinsic activity of PkaiBC greatly affected the rhythm, suggesting that constitutive adjustment of PkaiBC activity by the sequences identified here is essential for the oscillator.