bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of amyloid-beta with depression or depressive symptoms in older adults without dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Twait Emma L. , Wu Jen-Hao , Kamarioti Maria , Basten Maartje , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Gerritsen Lotte , Geerlings Mirjam I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence have indicated that depression might be a prodromal symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the cross-sectional association between amyloid-beta, one of the key pathologies defining AD, and depression or depressive symptoms in older adults without dementia. A systematic search in PubMed yielded 689 peer-reviewed articles. After full-text screening, nine CSF studies, 11 PET studies, and five plasma studies were included. No association between amyloid-beta and depression or depressive symptoms were found using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (0.15; 95% CI: −0.08; 0.37), positron emission topography (PET) (Cohen’s d: 0.09; 95% CI: −0.05; 0.24), or plasma (−0.01; 95% CI: −0.23; 0.22). However, subgroup analyses revealed an association in plasma studies of individuals with cognitive impairment. A trend of an association was found in the studies using CSF and PET. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that depressive symptoms may be part of the prodromal stage of dementia.
MicroRNA-146a-loaded magnesium silicate nanospheres promote bone regeneration in an inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Yang Jiakang , Shuai Jing , Siow Lixuen , Lu Jingyi , Sun Miao , An Wenyue , Yu Mengfei , Wang Baixiang , Chen Qianming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReconstruction of irregular oral-maxillofacial bone defects with an inflammatory microenvironment remains a challenge, as chronic local inflammation can largely impair bone healing. Here, we used magnesium silicate nanospheres (MSNs) to load microRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a) to fabricate a nanobiomaterial, MSN+miR-146a, which showed synergistic promoting effects on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). In addition, miR-146a exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway via targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and MSNs could simultaneously promote M2 polarization of BMMs. MiR-146a was also found to inhibit osteoclast formation. Finally, the dual osteogenic-promoting and immunoregulatory effects of MSN+miR-146a were further validated in a stimulated infected mouse mandibular bone defect model via delivery by a photocuring hydrogel. Collectively, the MSN+miR-146a complex revealed good potential in treating inflammatory irregular oral-maxillofacial bone defects.
Is team-based learning an alternative approach for UK undergraduate dental education? A scoping review of the literature
Authors: James Trill Benjamin , Panesar Bal , Dave Manas , Vahid Roudsari Reza , Javidi Hanieh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction Team-based learning (TBL) is a dialectic, student-focused method of teaching which has become increasingly popular in international institutions for delivering undergraduate dental education. Despite several dental schools in the UK using dialectic teaching methods, such as problem-based learning, none appear to use TBL.Aims This scoping review aims to identify the literature investigating the use of TBL compared with other teaching pedagogies in delivering undergraduate dental education.Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were adopted. A search strategy was developed using appropriate MeSH (medical subject headings) terms and key words. Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Databases were searched.Results Overall, five studies were identified for inclusion. Of these, three studies compared TBL to traditional, didactic teaching methods (such as lectures) and found both student satisfaction and student performance to be greater with TBL. The remaining two studies compared TBL to other dialectic methods of teaching. The results on student performance in these studies were conflicting.Conclusions There is some limited but promising evidence that TBL is effective at delivering undergraduate dental education; however, the scarcity of research evidence highlights the need for more robust exploration.
Tolerable glycometabolic stress boosts cancer cell resilience through altered N-glycosylation and Notch signaling activation
Authors: Iwamoto Shungo , Kobayashi Takashi , Hanamatsu Hisatoshi , Yokota Ikuko , Teranishi Yukiko , Iwamoto Akiho , Kitagawa Miyu , Ashida Sawako , Sakurai Ayane , Matsuo Suguru , Myokan Yuma , Sugimoto Aiyu , Ushioda Ryo , Nagata Kazuhiro , Gotoh Noriko , Nakajima Kazuki , Nishikaze Takashi , Furukawa Jun-ichi , Itano Naoki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChronic metabolic stress paradoxically elicits pro-tumorigenic signals that facilitate cancer stem cell (CSC) development. Therefore, elucidating the metabolic sensing and signaling mechanisms governing cancer cell stemness can provide insights into ameliorating cancer relapse and therapeutic resistance. Here, we provide convincing evidence that chronic metabolic stress triggered by hyaluronan production augments CSC-like traits and chemoresistance by partially impairing nucleotide sugar metabolism, dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis and N-glycan assembly. Notably, preconditioning with either low-dose tunicamycin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which partially interferes with LLO biosynthesis, reproduced the promoting effects of hyaluronan production on CSCs. Multi-omics revealed characteristic changes in N-glycan profiles and Notch signaling activation in cancer cells exposed to mild glycometabolic stress. Restoration of N-glycan assembly with glucosamine and mannose supplementation and Notch signaling blockade attenuated CSC-like properties and further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. Therefore, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which tolerable glycometabolic stress boosts cancer cell resilience through altered N-glycosylation and Notch signaling activation.
Flexible switch matrix addressable electrode arrays with organic electrochemical transistor and pn diode technology
Authors: Uguz Ilke , Ohayon David , Arslan Volkan , Sheelamanthula Rajendar , Griggs Sophie , Hama Adel , Stanton John William , McCulloch Iain , Inal Sahika , Shepard Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to their effective ionic-to-electronic signal conversion and mechanical flexibility, organic neural implants hold considerable promise for biocompatible neural interfaces. Current approaches are, however, primarily limited to passive electrodes due to a lack of circuit components to realize complex active circuits at the front-end. Here, we introduce a p-n organic electrochemical diode using complementary p- and n-type conducting polymer films embedded in a 15-μm -diameter vertical stack. Leveraging the efficient motion of encapsulated cations inside this polymer stack and the opposite doping mechanisms of the constituent polymers, we demonstrate high current rectification ratios ($${10}^{5}$$

10

5

) and fast switching speeds (230 μs). We integrate p-n organic electrochemical diodes with organic electrochemical transistors in the front-end pixel of a recording array. This configuration facilitates the access of organic electrochemical transistor output currents within a large network operating in the same electrolyte, while minimizing crosstalk from neighboring elements due to minimized reverse-biased leakage. Furthermore, we use these devices to fabricate time-division-multiplexed amplifier arrays. Lastly, we show that, when fabricated in a shank format, this technology enables the multiplexing of amplified local field potentials directly in the active recording pixel (26-μm diameter) in a minimally invasive form factor with shank cross-sectional dimensions of only 50×8 $${\mu m}^{2}$$

μ
m

2

.
Homolytic H2 dissociation for enhanced hydrogenation catalysis on oxides
Authors: Yang Chengsheng , Ma Sicong , Liu Yongmei , Wang Lihua , Yuan Desheng , Shao Wei-Peng , Zhang Lunjia , Yang Fan , Lin Tiejun , Ding Hongxin , He Heyong , Liu Zhi-Pan , Cao Yong , Zhu Yifeng , Bao Xinhe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe limited surface coverage and activity of active hydrides on oxide surfaces pose challenges for efficient hydrogenation reactions. Herein, we quantitatively distinguish the long-puzzling homolytic dissociation of hydrogen from the heterolytic pathway on Ga2O3, that is useful for enhancing hydrogenation ability of oxides. By combining transient kinetic analysis with infrared and mass spectroscopies, we identify the catalytic role of coordinatively unsaturated Ga3+ in homolytic H2 dissociation, which is formed in-situ during the initial heterolytic dissociation. This site facilitates easy hydrogen dissociation at low temperatures, resulting in a high hydride coverage on Ga2O3 (H/surface Ga3+ ratio of 1.6 and H/OH ratio of 5.6). The effectiveness of homolytic dissociation is governed by the Ga-Ga distance, which is strongly influenced by the initial coordination of Ga3+. Consequently, by tuning the coordination of active Ga3+ species as well as the coverage and activity of hydrides, we achieve enhanced hydrogenation of CO2 to CO, methanol or light olefins by 4-6 times.
Increased iron uptake by splenic hematopoietic stem cells promotes TET2-dependent erythroid regeneration
Authors: Tseng Yu-Jung , Kageyama Yuki , Murdaugh Rebecca L. , Kitano Ayumi , Kim Jong Hwan , Hoegenauer Kevin A. , Tiessen Jonathan , Smith Mackenzie H. , Uryu Hidetaka , Takahashi Koichi , Martin James F. , Samee Md Abul Hassan , Nakada Daisuke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable of regenerating the blood system, but the instructive cues that direct HSCs to regenerate particular lineages lost to the injury remain elusive. Here, we show that iron is increasingly taken up by HSCs during anemia and induces erythroid gene expression and regeneration in a Tet2-dependent manner. Lineage tracing of HSCs reveals that HSCs respond to hemolytic anemia by increasing erythroid output. The number of HSCs in the spleen, but not bone marrow, increases upon anemia and these HSCs exhibit enhanced proliferation, erythroid differentiation, iron uptake, and TET2 protein expression. Increased iron in HSCs promotes DNA demethylation and expression of erythroid genes. Suppressing iron uptake or TET2 expression impairs erythroid genes expression and erythroid differentiation of HSCs; iron supplementation, however, augments these processes. These results establish that the physiological level of iron taken up by HSCs has an instructive role in promoting erythroid-biased differentiation of HSCs.
Organocatalytic diastereo- and atroposelective construction of N–N axially chiral pyrroles and indoles
Authors: Wang Shao-Jie , Wang Xia , Xin Xiaolan , Zhang Shulei , Yang Hui , Wong Ming Wah , Lu Shenci 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe construction of N–N axially chiral motifs is an important research topic, owing to their wide occurrence in natural products, pharmaceuticals and chiral ligands. One efficient method is the atroposelective dihydropyrimidin-4-one formation. We present herein a direct catalytic synthesis of N–N atropisomers with simultaneous creation of contiguous axial and central chirality by oxidative NHC (N-heterocyclic carbenes) catalyzed (3 + 3) cycloaddition. Using our method, we are able to synthesize structurally diverse N–N axially chiral pyrroles and indoles with vicinal central chirality or bearing a 2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4-one moiety in moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Further synthetic transformations of the obtained axially chiral pyrroles and indoles derivative products are demonstrated. The reaction mechanism and the origin of enantioselectivity are understood through DFT calculations.
The neural origin for asymmetric coding of surface color in the primate visual cortex
Authors: Wu Yujie , Zhao Minghui , Deng Haoyun , Wang Tian , Xin Yumeng , Dai Weifeng , Huang Jiancao , Zhou Tingting , Sun Xiaowen , Liu Ning , Xing Dajun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe coding privilege of end-spectral hues (red and blue) in the early visual cortex has been reported in primates. However, the origin of such bias remains unclear. Here, we provide a complete picture of the end-spectral bias in visual system by measuring fMRI signals and spiking activities in macaques. The correlated end-spectral biases between the LGN and V1 suggest a subcortical source for asymmetric coding. Along the ventral pathway from V1 to V4, red bias against green peaked in V1 and then declined, whereas blue bias against yellow showed an increasing trend. The feedforward and recurrent modifications of end-spectral bias were further revealed by dynamic causal modeling analysis. Moreover, we found that the strongest end-spectral bias in V1 was in layer 4C$$\beta$$β. Our results suggest that end-spectral bias already exists in the LGN and is transmitted to V1 mainly through the parvocellular pathway, then embellished by cortical processing.
Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of C(sp3)-H bonds
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Run-Han , Li Xiao-Xin , Wang Shengyao , Liu Jiang , Hong Xiao-Xuan , Dong Long-Zhang , Li Shun-Li , Lan Ya-Qian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn modern industries, the aerobic oxidation of C(sp3)-H bonds to achieve the value-added conversion of hydrocarbons requires high temperatures and pressures, which significantly increases energy consumption and capital investment. The development of a light-driven strategy, even under natural sunlight and ambient air, is therefore of great significance. Here we develop a series of hetero-motif molecular junction photocatalysts containing two bifunctional motifs. With these materials, the reduction of O2 and oxidation of C(sp3)-H bonds can be effectively accomplished, thus realizing efficient aerobic oxidation of C(sp3)-H bonds in e.g., toluene and ethylbenzene. Especially for ethylbenzene oxidation reactions, excellent catalytic capacity (861 mmol g cat−1) is observed. In addition to the direct oxidation of C(sp3)-H bonds, CeBTTD-A can also be applied to other types of aerobic oxidation reactions highlighting their potential for industrial applications.
Morphologic and genomic changes of thyroid cancer cell lines exposed to conditions of simulated microgravity
Authors: Ahn Jong-hyuk , Park Sungyeon , Hwang Young Mi , Choi Yun Suk , Yi Jin Wook 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrogravity in space impacts human health. In particular, thyroid cancer, which has a high incidence rate, has been the subject of numerous studies with respect to microgravity. However, most studies have focused on Western follicular thyroid cancer cell lines, while data regarding the effects of microgravity on Asian cell lines are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of simulated ground-based microgravity on two Korean thyroid cancer cell lines, namely SNU-790 and SNU-80. We found that both cell lines formed multicellular spheroids under simulated microgravity. Gene expression analysis revealed that in SNU-790 cells, histone-related genes were upregulated and microRNA-related genes were downregulated. Meanwhile, in SNU-80 cells, genes related to the cellular response to hypoxia were downregulated. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of microgravity on thyroid cancer cells. Further validation studies and clinical significance analyses are needed to fully understand the implications of these findings.
Ecological disruptive selection acting on quantitative loci can drive sympatric speciation
Authors: Venkataraman Pavithra , Saini Supreet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe process of speciation generates biodiversity. According to the null model of speciation, barriers between populations arise in allopatry, where, prior to biology, geography imposes barriers to gene flow. On the other hand, sympatric speciation requires that the process of speciation happen in the absence of a geographical barrier, where the members of the population have no spatial, temporal barriers. Several attempts have been made to theoretically identify the conditions in which speciation can occur in sympatry. However, these efforts suffer from several limitations. We propose a model for sympatric speciation based on adaptation for resource utilization. We use a genetics-based model to investigate the relative roles of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers, from the context of ecological disruptive selection, sexual selection, and genetic architecture, in causing and maintaining sympatric speciation. Our results show that sexual selection that acts on secondary sexual traits does not play any role in the process of speciation in sympatry and that assortative mating based on an ecologically relevant trait forces the population to show an adaptive response. We also demonstrate that understanding the genetic architecture of the trait under ecological selection is very important and that it is not required for the strength of ecological disruptive selection to be very high in order for speciation to occur in sympatry. Our results provide an insight into the kind of scenarios in which sympatric speciation can be demonstrated in the lab.
Directed ultrafast conformational changes accompany electron transfer in a photolyase as resolved by serial crystallography
Authors: Cellini Andrea , Shankar Madan Kumar , Nimmrich Amke , Hunt Leigh Anna , Monrroy Leonardo , Mutisya Jennifer , Furrer Antonia , Beale Emma V. , Carrillo Melissa , Malla Tek Narsingh , Maj Piotr , Vrhovac Lidija , Dworkowski Florian , Cirelli Claudio , Johnson Philip J. M. , Ozerov Dmitry , Stojković Emina A. , Hammarström Leif , Bacellar Camila , Standfuss Jörg , Maj Michał , Schmidt Marius , Weinert Tobias , Ihalainen Janne A. , Wahlgren Weixiao Yuan , Westenhoff Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCharge-transfer reactions in proteins are important for life, such as in photolyases which repair DNA, but the role of structural dynamics remains unclear. Here, using femtosecond X-ray crystallography, we report the structural changes that take place while electrons transfer along a chain of four conserved tryptophans in the Drosophila melanogaster (6-4) photolyase. At femto- and picosecond delays, photoreduction of the flavin by the first tryptophan causes directed structural responses at a key asparagine, at a conserved salt bridge, and by rearrangements of nearby water molecules. We detect charge-induced structural changes close to the second tryptophan from 1 ps to 20 ps, identifying a nearby methionine as an active participant in the redox chain, and from 20 ps around the fourth tryptophan. The photolyase undergoes highly directed and carefully timed adaptations of its structure. This questions the validity of the linear solvent response approximation in Marcus theory and indicates that evolution has optimized fast protein fluctuations for optimal charge transfer.
Monitoring of species’ genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts
Authors: Pearman Peter B. , Broennimann Olivier , Aavik Tsipe , Albayrak Tamer , Alves Paulo C. , Aravanopoulos F. A. , Bertola Laura D. , Biedrzycka Aleksandra , Buzan Elena , Cubric-Curik Vlatka , Djan Mihajla , Fedorca Ancuta , Fuentes-Pardo Angela P. , Fussi Barbara , Godoy José A. , Gugerli Felix , Hoban Sean , Holderegger Rolf , Hvilsom Christina , Iacolina Laura , Kalamujic Stroil Belma , Klinga Peter , Konopiński Maciej K. , Kopatz Alexander , Laikre Linda , Lopes-Fernandes Margarida , McMahon Barry John , Mergeay Joachim , Neophytou Charalambos , Pálsson Snæbjörn , Paz-Vinas Ivan , Posledovich Diana , Primmer Craig R. , Raeymaekers Joost A. M. , Rinkevich Baruch , Rolečková Barbora , Ruņģis Dainis , Schuerz Laura , Segelbacher Gernot , Kavčič Sonnenschein Katja , Stefanovic Milomir , Thurfjell Henrik , Träger Sabrina , Tsvetkov Ivaylo N. , Velickovic Nevena , Vergeer Philippine , Vernesi Cristiano , Vilà Carles , Westergren Marjana , Zachos Frank E. , Guisan Antoine , Bruford Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGenetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected in biodiversity monitoring, and when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting of efforts to monitor population genetic diversity in Europe (genetic monitoring effort, GME), the evaluation of which can help guide future capacity building and collaboration towards areas most in need of expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with areas where the ranges of selected species of conservation interest approach current and future climate niche limits helps identify whether GME coincides with anticipated climate change effects on biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources and conservation policy influence GME, high values of which only partially match species’ joint patterns of limits to suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing climatic niche margins probably hold genetic diversity that is important for adaptation to changing climate. Our results illuminate the need in Europe for expanded investment in genetic monitoring across climate gradients occupied by focal species, a need arguably greatest in southeastern European countries. This need could be met in part by expanding the European Union’s Birds and Habitats Directives to fully address the conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity.
Floristic homogenization of South Pacific islands commenced with human arrival
Authors: Strandberg Nichola A. , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Walentowitz Anna , Gosling William D. , Fall Patricia L. , Prebble Matiu , Stevenson Janelle , Wilmshurst Janet M. , Sear David A. , Langdon Peter G. , Edwards Mary E. , Nogué Sandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe increasing similarity of plant species composition among distinct areas is leading to the homogenization of ecosystems globally. Human actions such as ecosystem modification, the introduction of non-native plant species and the extinction or extirpation of endemic and native plant species are considered the main drivers of this trend. However, little is known about when floristic homogenization began or about pre-human patterns of floristic similarity. Here we investigate vegetation trends during the past 5,000 years across the tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate South Pacific using fossil pollen records from 15 sites on 13 islands within the biogeographical realm of Oceania. The site comparisons show that floristic homogenization has increased over the past 5,000 years. Pairwise Bray–Curtis similarity results also show that when two islands were settled by people in a given time interval, their floristic similarity is greater than when one or neither of the islands were settled. Importantly, higher elevation sites, which are less likely to have experienced human impacts, tended to show less floristic homogenization. While biotic homogenization is often referred to as a contemporary issue, we have identified a much earlier trend, likely driven by human colonization of the islands and subsequent impacts.