bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translator’s Note: Hesiod’s Works and Days
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I had wanted for a long time to do a translation of the Works and Days but had been deterred by some of the special features of the poem that make for difficulties in translating it. When Stephanie Nelson asked me to do a poetic version, so that, at least on the Greek side of her book on the Works and Days and Vergil’s Georgics, the reader might have between the covers an English translation to refer to, the temptation proved too much for my misgivings. This was especially true because the manuscript of the book, which I knew well, seemed to present the Hesiodic poem in much the same fashion as I saw it. I thought that the translation might give some further illumination to the argument of the book and the book to the translation.
Introduction: The Unfurnished Eye
Authors: Brockelman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I remember those warm summer evenings of my youth when, finished with after-supper playing and before going home for the night, my friends and I would lie on our backs on the grass and gaze up in wonder at the infinity appearing before our eyes as the stars and galaxies emerged in the unfolding night. As I recall, the evening breeze had diminished to a near hush, the air itself was still warm, soft, and full of the moist perfumes of pine and freshly mowed grass. We would quiet ourselves down as we pointed out emerging star figures-there is the big dipper, there are the Pleiades and the evening star-just as had countless human generations before us. The ancient world, we are told by scholars of those past times and places, thought they were seeing heaven and the gods themselves, or at least the lights of heaven shining through the canopy of the sky to impress us with its mysterious and wonderful sacredness. We were full of wonder, for this was “seeing” things in a new and different way, seeing nature and life itself not as merely a local and practical affair (although of course it is that too), but as a kind of epiphany in which we felt part of a much larger and more interesting reality than we were conscious of while playing earlier. That earlier reality was there to run on, to hide behind, to use to hit the ball. But the reality we encountered there on our backs as the night came on, the reality we perceived through the billions of stars hurled infinitely across the black sky, was less useful, more mysterious, an encompassing universe of which we were part that took our breaths away.
Wonder and the Miracle of Being
Authors: Brockelman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thomas Berry, Jay McDaniel, Sallie McFague, John Haught, and a number of others have argued that this new cosmology is indeed both scientific and religious. It is a widely accepted narrative, a scientific understanding of the whole that also provides a meta-scientific, religious awareness of a reality beyond and yet inclusive of us. Cosmology affords a glimpse of that wider reality by showing that nature is the outcome of an originating mystery or what Vaclav Havel calls “the miracle of Being” which shines through it. It is this mysterious force that we directly encounter and perceive in the experience of wonder and awe that the cosmology induces in scientist and nonscientist alike. It is this sense of wonder, then, that we must explore if we are to clarify precisely the sense of divine reality which the cosmology makes available.
Reflections on Plutarch, A Consolation to His Wife
Authors: Pomeroy Sarah B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To the modern reader a letter addressed by one parent to another offering consolation on the death of their young child may seem a distinctly odd creation. The sharing of grief is the intention; but the very fact that the writer can marshal his thoughts and create a work of literary merit would seem to betray a lack of feeling. Knowledge of the personal and historical circumstances in which Plutarch wrote this letter should assuage, though perhaps not expunge, any suspicions we may harbor about the genuineness of his own sentiments. First of all, Plutarch was away from home when the two-year-old Timoxena died. Apparently he had told his wife that he was going to be in Athens, for she had sent a messenger there. The messenger missed him, and Plutarch did not hear the news until he reached Tanagra. Thus his letter reached his wife after the funeral, and after her initial, and presumably most uncontrollable, experience of grief. Considering that Tanagra is at most two days’ journey from Chaeronea and that Plutarch would have been able to reach home soon after his wife had received the letter, why did he delay his return home by writing? In fact, why did he write at all?’ Of course, it is always possible that he did not dash back home, especially since the funeral was already over.
Philosophos kai Philandros Plutarch’s View of Women in the Moralia and the Lives
Authors: Stadter Philip A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evident admiration and affection Plutarch shows his wife Timoxena in Consolation sit uneasily with the subservience he seems to recommend to the young bride Eurydice in Advice. Plutarch often shows women in action in his works, but they rarely pursue their own agendas, and when they do, they are usually criticized. Still, Plutarch urges women to study, and firmly states that “virtue is the same in man and woman” (Virtues in Women 242F). How then did women fit into his thinking? In what follows, I will first define more precisely the level of education he expected in women, as seen in his writing for his friend Clea. Then, I will use the discussion in Isis and Osiris to consider his metaphysical basis for the virtues and limits of female action. Finally, I will show that the examples of women’s virtue in Virtues in Women and the Lives suggest that he expected women to act to supplement and support men, or in response to male deficiency or violence, rather than as independent agents.
The Lorentz Transformation
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Constantia enters your room. “What’s all the commotion?” You whisper to Mr. Veil, “Breathe none of this to her.” You turn to Constantia. “Ready for the next lesson?” Around Constantia’s neck is a pearl necklace giving her the vague appearance of a young Jacqueline Kennedy. Her shirt is covered with musical notes. Her shirt’s buttons are shaped like little pianos. You stare for a few seconds and wonder where she gets these strange outfits. “Sir,” she says. “I’m ready. These time-travel lessons are wonderful.
Three Important Rules for Time Travelers
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You are silent for a few moments and then walk into her room. You notice some changes since last time. This is still the room where she relaxes and reads and studies music and holds her stringed instruments close to her body. But now there are comfortable small couches fitted with heaps of pillows. There are halogen lamps of black iron so delicate and easy to maneuver that they look like praying mantises posed on tables. You sit down on Constantia’s bed. “Both of you, sit next to me.”
Rotating Cylinders and the Possibility of Global Causality Violation
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vienna should be fun. If the people have any leaning toward pomposity, it is balanced by a habit of self-mockery, as expressed in their saying, “The situation is hopeless but not serious!’ The city’s tourism and trade thrives on Gemiltlichkeit (untranslatable but akin to “cozi ness”). The sentimental image of the Viennese-the nostalgia for wine, women, and song-is part of the city’s allure.
Yoruba Goddesses and, Sovereignty in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Olúpóná Jacob K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the recitation by an Qsun priestesses clearly shows, the beautiful river goddess of the Yoruba, Qsun, plays many roles; not only is she a savior and a healer, it is she who bestows gifts of kingship on the ruler, the Qba. Further, she is one of many Yoruba goddesses connected with the living rulers of several Yoruba towns and cities where the river Qsun passes through.
Public, Pubic, and Private: Religion in Political Discourse
Authors: Sands Kathleen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, religion in America has gone both public and pubic, not only for the Right, but for the wide swaths of the “middle” who live under the dispensation of “family values.” This image of religion in America, of course, is distorted: it leaves out the diversity of belief and unbelief, and the diversity—not to say pitched battles—within most religious groups on matters social and sexual. Religious progressives, in particular, are missing faces in snapshots of the national “family.” And that is not simply due to the shortcomings of religious progressivism itself. The effective identification of religion with social conservatism rests on economic and ideological forces that are global in scope, as other essays in this volume ably document. But precisely because the course and character “religion” are bound at every point to the political economy, to query this category may allow us to imagine a public ethic that is less fixedly pubic and a religious discourse that is more authentically public.
The Goddess^ Woman Nexus in Popular Religious Practice
Authors: Dasgupta Manasi , BOSE Mandakranta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A striking cultural phenomenon of medieval eastern India, most notably Bengal, was the rise and spread of a variety of śakti cults-that is, beliefs and rituals centered on the idea of powerful female deities. Grounded in esoteric Hindu philosophical systems, these cults gained their largest following among the masses, dominated popular religious life for centuries, and are still in evidence in some locations and among some communities, though in a greatly debilitated form. The practice of these regimens of worship is of particular interest as the domain of women. The women of a family or a neighborhood rather than an official priest would organize and perform the ceremonies, an essential part of which was the recitation of the story of the particular deity worshiped. The following two-part chapter-the first by Manasi Dasgupta, the second by Mandakranta Bose-discusses aspects of the narrative of one of the most awe-inspiring of these deities and one of the most intriguing, Manasā, the goddess of serpents.
Concepts of Memory
Authors: Ving Endel Tul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scientific research can be thought of as a game of communication involving two parties: scientists and nature. In some fields scientists do experiments that put questions to nature. If the questions are posed intelligibly, nature yields bits and pieces of clues and hints of answers. It is then up to the scientists to make sense of these bits and pieces, to have fruitful ideas about them, and ideally to come up with coherent descriptions of their subject-matter domain. In other situations, nature has voluntarily strewn bits and pieces of various answers around for the scientists to notice and to make up questions about them.
Distortions of Memory
Authors: Roediger Henry L , Mcdermott Kathleen B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are two general classes of errors in remembering: omission and commission. In the former, people fail to recollect a prior event when they try to retrieve it. In the latter, people remember events quite differently from the way they happened, or they remember an event that never happened at all. No one doubts the reality of the first error; forgetting of needed information happens to everyone dozens of times each week.
Recollection and Familiarity: Process-Dissociation
Authors: Kelley Colleen M , Jacoby Larry L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alan Baddeley (1982) recounted the following story to illustrate the active processes involved in recollection. He was traveling to London by train when he noticed a familiar face. As the person did not recognize him, he assumed it was someone he had seen on the train before or around Cambridge. When he got off the train he noticed the man again, and because he had been thinking about memory and retrieval, he resolved to attempt to re member who the person was.
Socialization of Memory
Authors: Nelson Katherine , Fivush Robyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Socialization of memory implies that basic memory functions, skills, strategies, and practices are affected by social learning; that in some way and for some purposes memory is improved, generally in accord with dominant cultural values, through exposure to training or practices by socialization agents, parents, teachers, or other adults. In contrast, psycho logical studies of memory often appear to focus on basic processes that are assumed to be unlearned and universal in nature based in neurophysiological systems.
Long-Term Maintenance of Knowledge
Authors: Bahrick Harry P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The retention of knowledge was a neglected domain of memory research before the 1970s because memory scholars remained commit ted to an experimental paradigm that could not accommodate the long periods involved in the acquisition and maintenance of knowledge. Semb and Ellis (1994) reviewed earlier scholarship dealing with the retention of knowledge acquired in schools; however, these investigations had little impact because they were widely scattered, they covered relatively short retention intervals, and they lacked essential controls. Memory research focused on the retention of episodic content over short time periods. As a result, memory scholarship could not address the needs of educators, whose memory-related concerns pertain to the maintenance of knowledge, not to memory for events (Kintsch, 1974). Neisser (1978) described this neglect as “scandalous.” The zeitgeist of the 1960s demanded that scientific scholarship become more responsive to the solution of societal problems, and memory scholars responded to this demand by adopting more eclectic methods.
Remembering Spaces
Authors: Tversky Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the moment we enter the world, we are engaged in spatial cognition, in interacting with the world around us and in constructing mental representations of that world and our own place in it. Yet we do not conceive of the world as a geometer might, as space with three extrinsic orthogonal coordinates that specify the locations of points, objects, or regions. Rather, we adopt different frames of reference and incorporate different elements in constructing mental spaces for the real spaces important in our lives. Two milestones of the first year of life illustrate two of these functional spaces. Around the third month of life, babies begin to reach for and later manipulate objects in their environments. At the end of the first year, they begin to walk on their own. The space around the body and the space of navigation constitute natural breaks in our perception and our behavior, and in our con sequent conceptions of space.
Event-Related Potential Studies of Memory
Authors: Rugg Michael D , Allan Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we review studies employing event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neural correlates of human longterm memory. Such studies have a relatively long history dating from the early 1980s (e.g., Sanquist, Rohrbaugh, Syndulko, & Lindsley, 1980). These early studies, along with those reported up to around 1994, are already the subject of comprehensive reviews (Johnson, 1995; Rugg, 1995a). Accordingly, we concentrate here on research published since that time, and focus on studies of retrieval from long-term memory, where progress has been both substantial and reasonably cumulative. We give only brief consideration to work on memory encoding, since there is little to add to the discussions of this topic in the two reviews cited above.
Psychopharmacological Perspectives on Memory
Authors: Curran H Valerie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Drugs that act on the brain-psychoactive drugs-have been taken for their mood-altering effects ever since history was first recorded. For centuries, drugs were derived from natural plants and often used to treat ailments of the spirit as well as the body. It was not until the middle of the twentieth century that a major development occurred in the discovery of psychoactive drugs that were effective in treating many psychiatric disorders. For example, it is widely held that antischizophrenic (or neuroleptic) drugs are the most important drugs in the history of psychiatry.
The Adaptive Nature of Memory
Authors: Anderson John R , Schooler Lael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most research on human memory has mainly focused on the question of understanding what memory does and not on why memory does what it does. There have been requests that the field focus more on the function of memory and perhaps as a consequence applied research on memory has been a growing field. Neisser (1976, 1978, 1982) argued that the field should adopt an “ecological approach” to memory and study how memory is used in the real world. He suggests that the principles of memory in the real world might be different from the ones uncovered in the laboratory.
Memory Models
Authors: Ratcliff Roger , Mckoon Gail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of models of memory often seems like a backwater in the overall study of memory. Models do not have a prominent place in experimental studies of memory and they are not used or examined by most researchers in the field. This review examines the various questions that models can address, discusses why theory is not as prominent in the memory domain as in other domains of science, and presents an overview of current models. The aim is to show why models should have greater prominence and wider use.
Episodic Memory and Autonoetic Awareness
Authors: Wheeler Mark A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps the most remarkable achievement of human memory is the ability to think back and relive happenings from the past. In response to such a simple cue as, say, “high school graduation night,” it is possible to mentally transport oneself back many years or decades and to reexperience parts of life that probably have not been considered in a long time. The type of memory that allows people to reflect upon personal experiences is called episodic memory (Tulving, 1983, 1993).
Theories of Memory and Consciousness
Authors: Moscovitch Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having been banished from scientific investigation for nearly a century, the study of consciousness has made a triumphant return and secured a prominent place in research in cognitive neuroscience. There is no better example of this development than in research on human memory, where issues related to consciousness have been a central concern since the early 1980s. Much of the research has focused on distinguishing among types or aspects of memory that are accompanied by conscious awareness from those that are not, and on identifying the neural substrates that mediate each.
Rethinking Authority
Authors: Berger Michael S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The image most people have of textual interpretation is similar to observing a painting: there is an object outside us with a clearly independent existence (i.e., if we walk away from it, it presumably remains hanging on the wall), whose meaning we, the observers, try to understand. We arc all aware that not everyone will appreciate the painting or articulate its meaning in the same way; we admit that in most cases, to be able to “see” the significance of various motifs in the work of art requires training or at least exposure to certain cultural artifacts. If the artist intended to evoke specific themes by incorporating into the painting salient elements associated with earlier works of art, then viewers unacquainted with those other paintings would fail to “see” these allusions; they would be “missing” something that is “there” for those trained to notice it. Of course, this is not a permanent handicap; viewers can be instructed to see things they did not “see” before. Just think of the recorded tours a person may listen to while touring an exhibit: the oral tour guide “points things out” that one may not have known before, after which one “sees” the work of art in a new light.
The Economy of Kudos
Authors: Kurke Leslie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THIS volume was organized (at least partly) to see if the methods and interests of the New Historicism could fruitfully be applied to the study of archaic Greece. “CULTURAL POETICS,” the term Stephen Greenblatt coined to characterize his approach, aims to break down the barriers between literary text and cultural/ historical context. It encourages us to “read” texts as context, and history itself as text, both informed by multiple, competing symbolic strategies and symbolic economies. My aim in this essay is to develop a cultural poetics of athletic victory in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E., drawing on the “high art” of epinikion, but not depending on it exclusively to establish the circulation of powers and honors that subtended athletic success.
Thucydides’ Solonian Reflections
Authors: Szegedy-Maszak Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To a large degree, Solon’s absence from this part of the historical record is due to the paucity of fifth-century theorizing about democratic institutions. In the words of Nicole Loraux, “It can be said with some semblance of certainty that Athens had no theory of democracy that was both systematic and Athenian.’’ Despite such a lack, however, Loraux affirms that “we may gather together the scattered lineaments of a body of democratic thought, if not a systematic examination of the theory of democracy, for the fifth century. “5 In a splendid article, Kurt Raaflaub has recently outlined a method for discussing what evidence there is.6 One of his basic principles is to avoid the more abundant fourth-century sources, except where the information in Aristotle’s Athenaion Politeia is indispensable.7 I have followed Raaflaub’s lead despite the fact that virtually all modem discussions of Solon’s position within Athenian democratic ideology are directed at his “afterlife” in the fourth century. So, for example, E. Ruschenbusch has argued that before 356 Solon was invoked as a poet, a lawgiver, and one of the Seven Sages, but not as the framer of a constitution.8 While Ruschenbusch’s contention is too stark, it does contain a large measure of truth. Instead of trying to define the dimensions of an absence or a negative space - that is, where does Solon not appear in fifth-century prose? - it seemed more feasible to borrow a leaf from American Studies.
The Myth of Perseus and Medusa
Authors: Wilk Stephen R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ON A MAP OF THE EASTERN Mediterranean, Greece looks like a great threefingered hand reaching down toward Crete. It is a right hand, with its palm down on the Aegean Sea, and it is nearly severed at the wrist by the Bay of Corinth, so that the hand-the Peloponnese-is nearly an island. Many of the historically and archaeologically important sites of early Greece lie on that al¬ most-severed hand. Sparta is there, and Corinth, along with Olympia and Mycenae.