bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and mechanisms of elimination of ethyl 3‐phenyl and ethyl 3‐methyl‐3‐phenyl glycidates in the gas phase
Authors: Chuchani Gabriel , Tosta María , Rotinov Alexandra , Herize Armando 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe gas‐phase elimination kinetics of the title compounds were examined in a static reaction system over the temperature range 350.2–399.7°C and the pressure range 16.5–107 Torr (1 Torr = 133.3 Pa). The reactions are homogeneous, unimolecular and follow a first‐order rate law. The rate coefficients are given by the following Arrhenius equations: for ethyl 3‐phenylglycidate, log [k1 (s−1)] = (12.15±0.46)−(190.1±5.8) kJ mol−1 (2.303 RT)−1, and for ethyl 3‐methyl‐3‐phenyl glycidate, log [k1 (s−1)] = (12.02±0.19)−(182.9±2.4) kJ mol−1 (2.303 RT)−1. The ethyl side of the ester is eliminated as ethylene through a concerted six‐membered cyclic transtion state, while the unstable intermediate glycidic acid rapidly decarboxylates to give the corresponding substituted aldehyde. The glycidic acid appears to lose CO2 gas by way of a five‐membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phage display identifies novel peptides that bind extracellular‐regulated protein kinase 2 to compete with transcription factor binding
Authors: Rainey Mark A. , Linse Klaus D. , Dalby Kevin N. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractExtracellular‐regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) is a serine/threonine‐specific protein kinase capable of phosphorylating multiple protein substrates within a cell. In an attempt to identify novel peptides that bind and inhibit the function of an active form of ERK2, phage display was carried out using a disulfide‐constrained peptide library (X2CX14CX2). Several phage clones were identified by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that competed with both a protein substrate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for immobilized ERK2. A chemically synthesized peptide derived from these experiments, NH2‐KKKIRCIRGWTKDIRTLADSCQY‐COOH, inhibited ERK2 phosphorylation of the protein substrate EtsΔ138, exhibiting competitive and mixed inhibition towards EtsΔ138 and MgATP2−, respectively. Surprisingly, the same peptide displayed equally potent inhibition towards the phosphorylation of ATF2 by p38 MAPKα, another MAP kinase that has ∼46% sequence similarity to ERK2. This study indicates that active ERK2 can be targeted by phage display to find novel antagonists to kinase function and suggests that protein‐binding sites within the MAPK family may contain conserved features that render them susceptible to ligand binding. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free energy relationships and intramolecular general acid catalysis
Authors: Greig Ian R. , Kirby Anthony J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractVariations in reactivity of substituted salicylic acid derivatives are appraised in the light of the work of Jencks on transition‐state structures, variations in transition‐state structure and variations in reaction mechanism. The transition states for the intramolecular general acid‐catalysed hydrolyses of a variety of compounds derived from salicylic acid are shown to be closely related to those for the corresponding spontaneous hydrolysis reactions of compounds derived from substituted phenols. Free energy relationships are used to estimate the potential benefits of improving intramolecular hydrogen bond geometry in an aqueous environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of variation of [PMDETA]0/[Cu(I)Br]0 ratio on atom transfer radical polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate
Authors: Huang Jinyu , Pintauer Tomislav , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA kinetic study was conducted to examine the effect of varying the ratio of ligand to transition metal in a Cu(I)Br/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) catalyst system for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) using methyl 2‐bromopropionate as the initiator. Experimental molecular weights were higher than theoretical when low molecular weight polymers were targeted at low ratios of [PMDETA]0/[Cu(I)Br]0 (< 1), indicating inefficient initiation/deactivation. A downward curvature in the plot of Mn versus conversion was observed at high monomer conversion when targeting high molecular weight polymers. This deviation became more significant when an excess of ligand was used, indicating a contribution of chain transfer to ligand. The maximum rate of polymerization was obtained at [PMDETA]0/[Cu(I)Br]0 ≈ 0.5 for bulk ATRP of nBA; however for polymerization in the presence of 10 vol% DMF, the maximum appeared at the ratio ≈ 1:1. Addition of acetone or DMF improved solubility of Cu(II) complex, which consequently improved the level of control over the polymerization at low ratios of [PMDETA]0/[Cu(I)Br]0, but also reduced the reaction rate. The polymerization rate increased with temperature, but at the expense of increased polydispersities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3285–3292, 2004
Ready‐to‐eat mussel meat processed in retort pouches for the retail and export market
Authors: Bindu J. , Srinivasa Gopal T.K. , Unnikrishnan Nair T.S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA processing method has been developed to prepare ready‐to‐eat mussel meat, retaining its natural texture and succulence. The product was vacuum‐packed in an indigenously developed retortable pouch and processed in a still over‐pressure retort. Time and temperature data was collected during heat processing using an Ellab data recorder cum F0 and cook value integrator. The heat penetration characteristics were determined using a formula method. The total process time was 35 min with a F0 value of 9.8 and a cook value of 90.3 min. These vacuum‐packed retort‐processed samples were rated excellent by the taste panel and remained in good condition even after storage for 1 year at room temperature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the expansion of a penny‐shaped crack by a rigid circular disc inclusion in a thick plate
Authors: Vrbik J. , Singh B.M. , Rokne J. , Dhaliwal R.S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the problem of symmetric indentation of a penny‐shaped crack by a smoothly embedded rigid circular disc inclusion in a thick layer. Expressions for the resultant pressure applied to the inclusion and for the stress intensity factor at the boundary of the penny‐shaped crack are obtained. The mathematical form of the expressions for the resultant stress fields and the tractions along the inclusion are also derived. Numerical results for the resultant pressure and stress intensity factor, resultant stress fields and the resultant tractions along the inclusion are obtained and displayed graphically.
On the generalized Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction
Authors: Lijun Y. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe generalized Lyapunov‐Schmidt reduction is thoroughly investigated in this paper. Some new and known properties of the reduction are presented transparently. Among others we obtain two main results, an alternative proof of the equivalence of the generalized reduction and an approximation relation between the generalized Lyapunov‐Schmidt reduction and the center manifold reduction.
New methods for transcervical cannulation of the Fallopian tube
Authors: Kerin J.F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTechnological advances have led to major improvements in the design and application of Fallopian tube cannulation devices using the transcervical approach. Presently such cannulation systems are being used to overcome infertility disorders. These transcervical access systems are now able to displace debris that may block the tube, break down intraluminal adhesions or place egg, sperm or embryos in the tube to facilitate conception. Conversely, these same or modified devices could be used to place sclerosing agents or occlusive devices within the Fallopian tubes using similar transcervical access technology. Transcervical delivery systems incorporating a very fine endoscopic fiber have also been developed to visibly assess the inside lumen of the Fallopian tube using a transcervical approach. Such a system could be used to accurately identify specific sites in the tube for placement of such devices. The potential for placing permanent or temporary devices in the tube and the option of reversible sterilization may become a possibility in the future. One of the biggest obstacles against a wide distribution of these devices, particularly in third world countries, will be cost and the relative technical complexity in using them. These factors will need to be addressed more carefully in assessing the overall strategy of population control. The pressure on governments and international agencies to place more resources into population control may facilitate the accelerated development, application and cost containment of these new devices and delivery systems.
Quinacrine: sclerosing agent of the utero‐tubal junction in women, with anticarcinogenic actions in transplanted tumors in mice
Authors: Zipper J. , Dabancens A. , Guerrero A. , Trujillo V. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractQuinacrine, an acridine derivative that was in widespread use as an anti‐malarial, has been shown to have both sclerosant and anticarcinogenic actions. The sclerosant action of quinacrine has been used to produce occlusion of Fallopian tube in both experimental animals and women, and several clinical studies are reviewed. Both actions of quinacrine are potentiated by steroidal and non‐steroidal antiprostaglandins as well as by ionic copper. Combinations of quinacrine with antiprostaglandin drugs, and also with copper, improved the efficacy of quinacrine when used for female sterilization and reduced side effects. A review of the experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that quinacrine has no carcinogenic effects.
Quality of life and patient preference for sequential versus continuous combined HRT: the UK Kliofem® multicenter study experience
Authors: Ulrich L.G. , Barlow D.H. , Sturdee D.W. , Wells M. , Campbell M.J. , Nielsen B. , Bragg A.J. , Vessey M.P. ,   The UK Continuous Combined HRT Study Investigators
Published: May 2004

AbstractHormone replacement therapy (HRT) must be taken for many years to attain the long‐term benefits on osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. However, this level of compliance with HRT is rarely achieved. This analysis documents the effect of continuous combined HRT with Kliogest® on the relief of menopausal symptoms, and the patient preference for HRT over a 9‐month treatment period. A total of 2151 postmenopausal women, of whom 1435 were currently on sequential therapy and 716 had not been previously treated, were enrolled from 55 centers in the UK. Women received a daily tablet of Kliogest for 9 months. Quality of life was assessed using the Greene Climacteric Scale, and the women completed patient preference questionnaires. Treatment with continuous combined therapy was at least as effective as previous sequential regimens in alleviating menopausal symptoms. By the study conclusion, patient preference was strongly in favor of Kliogest with 91% of completers preferring it to their previous sequential therapy. Improved quality of life and patient preference for continuous combined therapy may encourage long‐term compliance with treatment, allowing more women to experience the long‐term beneficial effects of HRT on osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
Biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships of the Amphipoda: Gammaridea on the French coastline
Authors: Dauvin Jean-Claude , Bellan-Santini Denise 
Published: May 2004

A recent inventory of the benthic Gammaridea: Amphipoda species on the French continental coastline catalogued 495 species. An analysis of the biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships that exist between the French Amphipoda: Gammaridea, living on the coastline that extends along 10° latitude range in the temperate region between 41° and 51° North and the other gammaridean faunas living in the north-eastern Atlantic has drawn the pattern of diversity in this marine invertebrate group on a large biogeographical scale. Gammaridean amphipods exhibit a latitudinal gradient over the total number of species, including the continental shelf species and the bathyal species. There are four main fauna groups, which correspond to the biogeographical zones of the north-eastern Atlantic: (1) a cold arctic and cool-temperate Svalbard and Norwegian coastal fauna; (2) a cool-temperate boreal and Boreal–Lusitanian United Kingdom, Irish and English Channel shallow fauna; (3) a warm-temperate Lusitanian Bay of Biscay and subtropical central Atlantic fauna; and (4) a subtropical Mediterranean fauna. The French fauna appears particularly rich, presenting 44% of the 1119 species recorded in the north-eastern Atlantic along the 50° latitude range (30°N–80°N).  This is obviously due to France's intermediate latitudinal location within the Lusitanian temperate biogeographical zone, which produces a biogeographical cross between the boreal fauna in the north and the warm temperate and sub-tropical fauna in the south.
Prevalence of stimulant use for attentional dysfunction in children with phenylketonuria
Authors: Arnold G. L. , Vladutiu C. J. , Orlowski C. C. , Blakely E. M. , DeLuca J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSumary: Recent data suggest that children with phenylketonuria (PKU) and poor metabolic control may have an increased prevalence of attentional dysfunction. However, few formal studies have addressed this topic in detail. We reviewed the medical records of 38 school‐aged children with early and continuously treated PKU to determine the prevalence of stimulant use for attentional dysfunction, and to determine the relationship between metabolic control and attentional symptoms. Twenty‐six per cent of the PKU children used a stimulant medication for attentional dysfunction. This is significantly higher than in an age‐ and sex‐matched control group consisting of children with type I diabetes mellitus (6.5%,p<0.006), and also considerably higher than population norms for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (5%). We also found a significant relationship between phenylalanine levels and stimulant use or attentional symptoms. Mean plasma phenylalanine concentration was 486 µmol/L in the non‐stimulant‐using group and 792 µmol/L in the stimulant‐using group (p<0.02). Mean phenylalanine concentration was 462 µmol/L in the group not reporting attentional symptoms, and was 702 µmol/L in the symptomatic group (p<0.05). Parents of the stimulant‐using children felt that the stimulants were efficacious in treating their child's attentional symptoms. Stimulant use and parent reports of attentional dysfunction are quite common in our PKU patients and appear to be strongly related to higher phenylalanine concentrations.
Living‐donor liver transplantation for propionic acidaemia
Authors: Yorifuji T. , Kawai M. , Mamada M. , Kurokawa K. , Egawa H. , Shigematsu Y. , Kohno Y. , Tanaka K. , Nakahata T. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummary: Three patients with the severe form of propionic acidaemia were treated with living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The procedure was successful for all patients and the incidence of metabolic decompensation was reduced dramatically even without protein restriction. Biochemically, however, the improvement was not significant and the patients continued to excrete large amounts of propionic acid metabolites. One of the patients experienced a severe acidaemic episode 3 years after transplantation. LDLT has a beneficial effect on the care of severely affected patients since it reduces the risk of metabolic decompensation and improves the quality of life with less strict dietary control. Adequate protein restriction and medication need to be maintained even after successful transplantation.
Executive function impairment in early‐treated PKU subjects with normal mental development
Authors: Leuzzi V. , Pansini M. , Sechi E. , Chiarotti F. , Carducci Cl. , Levi G. , Antonozzi I. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummary: Executive functions were studied in 14 early and continuously treated PKU subjects (age 10.8 years, range 8–13) in comparison with controls matched for IQ, sex, age and socioeconomic status. Brain MRI examination was normal in all PKU patients. Neuropsychological evaluation included Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rey‐Osterreith Complex Figure Test, Elithorn's Perceptual Maze Test, Weigl's Sorting Test, Tower of London, Visual Search and Motor Motor Learning Test. Whatever the IQ, PKU subjects performed worse than controls in tests exploring executive functions. Subgrouping the PKU subjects according to the quality of dietary control for the entire follow‐up period (using 400 µmol/L as cut‐off value for blood phenylalanine (Phe) concentration) showed that patients with worse dietary control performed more poorly than both the PKU group with the best dietary control and the control group. However, a mild impairment of executive functions was still found in PKU patients with a good dietary control (Phe<400 µmol/L) compared to controls. Concerning the PKU group as a whole, no linear correlation was found between neuropsychological performance and historical and concurrent biochemical parameters. We conclude that (a) PKU patients, even when treated early, rigorously and continuously, show an impairment of frontal lobe functions; (b) a protracted exposure to moderately high levels of Phe can affect frontal lobe functions independently of the possible effect of the same exposure on IQ; (c) in order to reduce the risk of frontal lobe dysfunction, the target of dietary therapy should be to maintain blood Phe concentration below 400 µmol/L.
Carrier screening for Canavan disease in Australia
Authors: Howell V. M. , Proos A. L. , LaRue D. , Jensen C. H. , Beach F. , Burnett L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummary: This study reports, for the first time, the carrier frequency of Canavan disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish population in Australia, and the identification of a novel mutation in the ASPA gene.
A Japanese case with inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency attributable to an enzymatic defect in white blood cells
Authors: Sumi S. , Ueta A. , Maeda T. , Ito T. , Ohkubo Y. , Togari H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummary: Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPase) deficiency is characterized by abnormal accumulation of inosine triphosphate. We describe the first Japanese case with ITPase deficiency and demonstrate that the deficiency of ITPase activity is not only found in erythrocytes but also in white blood cells.
Acute metabolic crisis with extreme deficiency of glutathione in combination with decreased CSF levels of leukotriene C4 in a patient with glutathione synthetase deficiency
Authors: Mayatepek E. , Meissner T. , Gröbe H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummary: A 32‐year‐old man with glutathione synthetase deficiency developing an acute metabolic crisis is described. During this acute episode, intracellular glutathione content in erythrocytes was below the detection limit (<0.3 mmol/L). Leukotriene C4 in CSF and urinary leukotriene E4 were massively decreased, indicating an impaired synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes. Clinical recovery after one week was accompanied by a clear improvement of these biochemical parameters. The highly disturbed glutathione synthesis is postulated to be the reason for a deficient synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, which may at least in part be responsible for the severe clinical symptoms.
High level HPV‐16 E7 oncoprotein expression correlates with reduced pRb‐levels in cervical biopsies
Authors: Fiedler Marc , Müller‐Holzner Elisabeth , Viertler Hans‐Peter , Widschwendter Andreas , Laich Andreas , Pfister Gerald , Spoden Gilles A. , Jansen‐Dürr Pidder , Zwerschke Werner 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTHigh‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are major etiological agents of cervical cancer. Despite excellent epidemiological evidence for a direct role of HPV‐16 in cervical carcinogenesis, molecular pathways underlying carcinogenesis in vivo remain obscure. The E7 gene is required for immortalization and maintenance of the transformed phenotype in vitro; however, little is known about its role for tumorigenesis in vivo. The E7 gene codes for an unstable protein the abundance of which in cervical biopsies is unknown. We show here that E7 protein levels strongly increase during cervical carcinogenesis, underlining its fundamental role in cervical cancer. The E7 protein was found predominantly in the nucleus and to a minor extent in the cytoplasm in the cervical cancer cell line Ca Ski in vitro and in invasive cervical carcinoma in situ, suggesting that nuclear resident E7 plays a major role in cervical carcinogenesis in humans. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a major E7‐target in vitro. We show here that pRb expression is initially upregulated in LSIL and disappears in later stages concomitant with increased E7 levels, suggesting that E7‐driven degradation of pRb is involved in cervical tumorigenesis in humans.
A Pilot Study of Quantitative Aspiration in Patients with Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Comparison to a Historic Control Group
Authors: Beal Michael , Chesson Andrew , Garcia Thomas , Caldito Gloria , Stucker Fred , Nathan Cherie‐Ann 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjective: It has been shown that many healthy people aspirate secretions at night. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have frequent episodes of gasping at night that may predispose them to aspiration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with symptoms of OSA are predisposed to pharyngeal aspiration.Study Design: A prospective study in which patients with symptoms of OSA were compared with a historic group of normal controls by using the same methodology.Methods: The study was offered to patients with symptoms of OSA undergoing a sleep study. The radiotracer Technicium99 was infused through a plastic tube placed in the nasopharynx after the patient achieved stage II sleep. A chest radionuclide scan determined the amount of material aspirated. The Wilcoxon‐rank sum test was used to compare the mean amount aspirated between the experimental and historic control groups.Results: Fourteen patients successfully completed the study. One normal volunteer in our study aspirated a quantity similar to the historic normal control group. The amount of aspirated material in the study group ranged from 0.152 to 3.648 mL, with a mean of 1.24 mL ± 0.905 (SD). When compared with the historic normal control group, the patients with symptoms of OSA aspirated significantly more radio‐tracer (P <.01). There was a lack of association between respiratory disturbance index and amount aspirated.Conclusions: The results suggest there is an apparent risk of increased pharyngeal aspiration in patients with symptoms of OSA.