bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of nova‐1 in regulating α2N, a novel glycine receptor splice variant, in developing spinal cord neurons
Authors: Kumar David V. , Nighorn Alan , St. John Paul A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) subunits undergo developmental regulation, but the molecular mechanisms of GlyR regulation in developing neurons are little understood. Using RT‐PCR, we investigated the regulation of GlyR α‐subunit splice forms during the development of the spinal cord of the rat. Experiments to compare the amounts of mRNA for two known splice variants of the GlyR α2 subunit, α2A and α2B, in the developing rat spinal cord revealed the presence of an additional, novel variant that lacked any exon 3, herein named “α2N.” Examination of the RNA from spinal cords of different‐aged rats showed a dramatic down‐regulation of α2N during prenatal development: α2N mRNA formed a significant portion of the α2 subunit pool at E14, but its relative level was reduced by 85% by birth and was undetectable in adults. Two proteins previously implicated in regulating the splicing of GlyR α2 pre‐mRNA, the neurooncological ventral antigen‐1 (Nova‐1) and the brain isoform of the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (brPTB), underwent small changes over the same period that did not correlate directly with the changes in the level of α2N, calling into question their involvement in the developmental regulation of α2N. However, treatment of spinal cord neurons in culture with antisense oligonucleotides designed selectively to knock down one of three Nova‐1 variants significantly altered the relative level of GlyR α2N, showing that Nova‐1 isoforms can regulate GlyR α2 pre‐mRNA splicing in developing neurons. These results provide evidence for a novel splice variant of the GlyR α2 subunit that undergoes dramatic developmental regulation, reveal the expression profiles of Nova‐1 and brPTB in the developing spinal cord, and suggest that Nova‐1 plays a role in regulating GlyR α2N in developing neurons. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 52: 156–165, 2002
Cloning of the cDNA and mRNA expression of CLRP, a complex leucine repeat protein of the golgi apparatus expressed by specific neurons of the rat brain
Authors: Pérez‐Márquez Julio , Reguillo Begoña , Paniagua Ricardo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe report the molecular cloning of one novel cDNA isolated from the rat brain. We have named the putative protein CLRP, for complex leucine‐repeat protein. The predicted CLRP amino acid sequence shares homology in the amino acid composition with the Galactose, N‐Acetylglucosamine, and Sialic acid transporters, and shows 91% identity with the sequence of one human chromosome 5 BAC clone. Expression of the CLRP cDNA tagged with GFP in COS‐7 cells was found in cell organelles that resemble the Golgi apparatus of the cytoplasm. In Northern blot, the CLRP probe labels a single band of 2.4 kb in the brain, kidney, lung, testis, and prostate. In the brain, CLRP mRNA is expressed by limited sets of neurons, such as the pyramidal cells of the cortex, the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and the motoneurons of the brainstem. In the brain, the CLRP mRNA is expressed at embryonic day 15; levels of expression are maintained until postnatal day 10 and decrease in adults. The results suggest that CLRP codes a novel member of the nucleotide–sugar family of proteins of the Golgi apparatus. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 52: 166–173, 2002
Synaptic inputs onto spiking local interneurons in crayfish are depressed by nitric oxide
Authors: Aonuma Hitoshi , Newland Philip L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have analyzed the action of nitric oxide on the synaptic inputs of spiking local interneurons that form part of the local circuits in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Increasing the availability of NO in the ganglion by bath applying the NO donor SNAP, or the substrate for its synthesis, L‐arginine, caused a depression of synaptic inputs onto the interneurons evoked by electrically stimulating mechanosensory neurons in nerve 2 of the terminal ganglion. Conversely, reducing the availability of NO by bath application of an NO scavenger, PTIO, and an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, L‐NAME, increased the amplitude of the evoked potentials. These results suggest that elevated NO concentration causes a depression of the synaptic inputs to spiking local interneurons. To determine whether these effects could be mediated through an NO/cGMP signaling pathway we bath applied a membrane permeable analogue of cGMP, 8‐br‐cGMP, which decreased the amplitude of the inputs to the interneurons. Bath application of an inhibitor of soluble guanlylyl cyclase, ODQ, produced an increase in the amplitude of the synaptic inputs. Our results suggest that NO causes a depression of synaptic inputs to spiking local interneurons probably by acting through an NO/cGMP signaling pathway. Moreover, application of NO scavengers modulates the inputs to these interneurons, suggesting that NO is continuously providing a powerful and dynamic means of modulating the outputs of local circuits. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 52: 144–155, 2002
Die shape design optimization of sheet metal stamping process using meshfree method
Authors: Kim Nam Ho , Choi Kyung Kook , Chen Jiun Shyan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA die shape design sensitivity analysis (DSA) and optimization for a sheet metal stamping process is proposed based on a Lagrangian formulation. A hyperelasticity‐based elastoplastic material model is used for the constitutive relation that includes a large deformation effect. The contact condition between a workpiece and a rigid die is imposed through the penalty method with a modified Coulomb friction model. The domain of the workpiece is discretized by a meshfree method. A continuum‐based DSA with respect to the rigid die shape parameter is formulated using a design velocity concept. The die shape perturbation has an effect on structural performance through the contact variational form. The effect of the deformation‐dependent pressure load to the design sensitivity is discussed. It is shown that the design sensitivity equation uses the same tangent stiffness matrix as the response analysis. The linear design sensitivity equation is solved at each converged load step without the need of iteration, which is quite efficient in computation. The accuracy of sensitivity information is compared to that of the finite difference method with an excellent agreement. A die shape design optimization problem is solved to obtain the desired shape of the workpiece to minimize spring‐back effect and to show the feasibility of the proposed method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computability in non‐linear solid mechanics
Authors: Belytschko T. , Mish K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe computability of non‐linear problems in solid and structural mechanics problems is examined. Several factors which contribute to the level of difficulty of a simulation are discussed: the smoothness and stability of the response, the required resolution, the uncertainties in the load, boundary conditions and initial conditions and inadequacies and uncertainties in the constitutive equation. An abstract measure of the level of difficulty is proposed, and some examples of typical engineering simulations are classified by this measure. We have put particular emphasis on engineering calculations, where many of the factors that diminish computability play a prominent role. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of combined systemic administration of morphine and L‐NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on behavioral signs of neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Ulugol Ahmet , Aslantas Aysegul , Karadag Hakan C. , Bulbul Ebru D. , Tuncer Alev , Dokmeci Ismet 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe controversy over using opiods for managing chronic neuropathic pain is widely acknowledged, and nitric oxide (NO) is suggested to play an important role in the maintenance of the behavioral signs of neuropathic pain. We evaluated the effect of combined systemic administration of morphine and NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methyl ester (L‐NAME), a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, on allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation model of pain in rats. Nerve injury was produced by tight ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves and this procedure resulted in neuropathic pain behaviors in the ipsilateral hindlimb. Mechanical and cold allodynia were detected, respectively, by application of von Frey filaments or acetone to the plantar surface of the foot. Morphine (0.1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) and L‐NAME (3–30 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced mechanical and cold allodynia with their higher doses. Combining subthreshold dose of L‐NAME (3 mg/kg, i.p.) with morphine, an appreciable increase in the antiallodynic effect of morphine was observed. This effect was prevented by L‐arginine (500 mg/kg, i.p.) and naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that combining morphine with a NOS inhibitor may be a promising approach in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Length effect during word and pseudo‐word reading. An event‐related fMRI study
Authors: Baciu Monica , Ans Bernard , Carbonnel Serge , Valdois Sylviane , Juphard Alexandra , Pachot‐Clouard Mathilde , Segebarth Christoph 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis event‐related fMRI study has assessed the cerebral activations obtained during the reading of words and of pseudo‐words of varying length (one, two and three syllables). Eight right‐handed volunteers were examined. A pseudo‐randomized fMRI paradigm with six types of stimuli was applied and the SPM'99 software was used for data processing. The number of cerebral regions involved in reading increased with the stimulus length, both for words and for pseudo‐words. This concerned not only regions related to sensory‐motor aspects of reading but also regions related to more “central” language processes. Independently of the length, the reading of words and of pseudo‐words activated the same regions, an observation consistent with the connectionist models for reading. Considering the length of the stimuli, we obtained significant differences, in terms of cerebral regions, only between polysyllabic words and pseudo‐words, not between monosyllabic words and pseudo‐words. These results are in line with the connectionist view of reading, especially with the multi‐trace connectivist model of Ans et al (3).
General theory of domain decomposition: Beyond Schwarz methods
Authors: Herrera Ismael , Yates Robert 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecently, Herrera presented a general theory of domain decomposition methods (DDM). This article is part of a line of research devoted to its further development and applications. According to it, DDM are classified into direct and indirect, which in turn can be subdivided into overlapping and nonoverlapping. Some articles dealing with general aspects of the theory and with indirect (Trefftz–Herrera) methods have been published. In the present article, a very general direct‐overlapping method, which subsumes Schwarz methods, is introduced. Also, this direct‐overlapping method is quite suitable for parallel implementation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 495–517, 2001
Contributions to the mathematics of the nonstandard finite difference method and applications
Authors: Anguelov Roumen , Lubuma Jean M.‐S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe formalize the transfer of essential properties of the solution of a differential equation to the solution of a discrete scheme as qualitative stability with respect to the properties. This permits us to motivate some rules (viz. on the order of the difference equation, on the renormalization of the denominator of the discrete derivative, and on nonlocal approximation of nonlinear terms) used in the design of nonstandard finite difference schemes. Extensions of some models are considered, and numerical examples confirming the efficiency of the nonstandard approach are provided. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 518–543, 2001
Trajectories of cognitive recovery following a minor brain injury
Authors: Brewer Thomas L. , Metzger Bonnie L. , Therrien Barbara 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMinor brain injury (MBI) is the most frequently diagnosed head trauma in the United States, with treatment costing more than $1.5 billion annually and many patients incapacitated for months following injury. The purpose of this study was to characterize the brain function disruptions associated with MBI and to determine the time trajectory of recovery, using a theoretical model of attention. Distractibility, impulsivity, irritability, and impaired executive functioning were demonstrated in all participants during the 24 hr after injury. Twenty percent of participants continued to complain of distractibility, impulsivity, and/or irritability throughout the 30‐day study. Loss of consciousness was shown to confound participants' healing trajectories. These results suggest that standard emergency room treatment following MBI is inadequate and should include discharge directives to reduce cognitive demands for at least 48 hr at a minimum, for 30 days or longer for those with loss of consciousness. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:269–281, 2002
Effect of the monomer and filler systems on the remineralizing potential of bioactive dental composites based on amorphous calcium phosphate
Authors: Skrtic D. , Antonucci J. M. , Eanes E. D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAmorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), because of its high solubility and its rapid transformation to hydroxyapatite (HAP) in aqueous environments, has been utilized as the filler phase in the preparation of bioactive polymer‐based composites that have remineralization potential. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical structure and compositional variations of seven photopolymerizable matrix monomer systems on the long‐term release of calcium and phosphate ions, i.e., their remineralizing potential, when used with three types of ACP filler systems: unhybridized ACP (u‐ACP), silica‐hybridized ACP (Si‐ACP), and zirconia‐hybridized ACP (Zr‐ACP) composites. The monomer systems evaluated were: 2,2‐bis[p‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]‐propane (Bis‐GMA)/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) [BT resin], Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/­2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) [BTH resin],­Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/HEMA/zirconyl methacrylate (ZrMA) [BTHZ resin], TEGDMA/pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDMA) [TP resin], a urethane dimethacrylate, [U], and two HEMA‐modified U resins with the mass fraction of 6.6% and 13.2% HEMA, ([U66H] and [U132H], respectively). All the visible light polymerizable composites consisted of 60% resin and 40% ACP filler on a mass fraction basis. It was shown that ion release from the immersed composites was affected by both the chemical structure and composition of the monomer system as well as the type of filler system. Whereas BT, U and U66H resins formulated with u‐ACP gave low to moderate levels of ion release, the resins with elevated amounts of HEMA (BTH, BTHZ and U132H) gave high and sustainable release of mineral ions. The remineralizing capacity of BT, U, U66H and U132H composites generally increased when hybridized fillers were employed instead of u‐ACP. Utilization of hybrid ACPs had, however, no effect on ion release from BTHZ composites. The TP composites initially gave high ion release, but it was not sustainable because of significant Ca‐binding by the matrix due to the high content of carboxylic acid groups derived from the PMGDMA comonomer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyacid‐modified composite (compomer) systems containing polymers of N‐vinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Mitra S. B. , Wang B. , Rozzi S. M. , Clark T. R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe objective of this work was to develop polyacid‐modified composite systems (compomers) suitable for dental restoratives in which high molecular weight hydrophilic (co)polymers containing variable amounts of N‐vinylpyrrolidone were incorporated in small amounts. It was expected that the added polymer would become part of a semi‐IPN (interpenetrating network) after the polymerizable components were cured. These systems could absorb water relatively rapidly at the early stages and thus provided good fluoride release. The effect of the addition of the high molecular hydrophilic polymers of varying compositions on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of the compomer systems was also investigated. The polymeric additive, significantly improved the rheological characteristics and without having any deleterious effect on the mechanical properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the compomers matched more closely with that of tooth structure when the N‐vinylpyrrolidone content of the polymeric additives was increased. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of feed pressure on facilitated olefin transport through solid polymer electrolyte membranes1
Authors: Hong Seong Uk , Kim Jung Yong , Kang Yong Soo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEffect of feed pressure and anion properties on facilitated olefin transport through solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes containing silver ions in poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (POZ) or poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) matrix has been investigated. Propylene solubility data in various SPE films are analyzed using the dual sorption model. The results indicate that the solubility coefficient of propylene in polymeric matrices was unexpectedly high although it was unmeasurably low in corresponding pure polymer. The equilibrium constants of the reaction between carrier and propylene for SPE films containing AgBF4 are higher than those with AgCF3SO3 for both polymers investigated. In addition, saturated amounts of propylene coordinated to the silver ions in SPE films with AgBF4 are higher than those with AgCF3SO3, resulting in higher propylene permeance in polymer electrolytes containing AgBF4. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Albumin adsorption to surface of annealed fluorinated polyimide
Authors: Kawakami Hiroyoshi , Takahashi Takeo , Nagaoka Shoji , Nakayama Youichi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlbumin adsorption to a surface of fluorinated polyimide which was essentially created only by annealing treatment was investigated. After the polyimide surfaces were annealed, the morphology change of the surface was determined using atomic force microscopy and the surface properties were analyzed by contact angle measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that albumin adsorption on the surface strongly depended on the annealing temperature and time and decreased with annealing. The amount of albumin adsorption to the polyimide annealed at 250 °C for 100 hr was six‐fold smaller than that of polystyrene and polydimethylsiloxane. A decrease of surface free energy due to a decline in the polar and hydrogen bonding components and an increase in hydrophobicity on the polyimide surface by annealing explain the albumin adsorption results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of several meso‐tetraalkyl cobalt porphyrins as catalysts for the electroreduction of dioxygen
Authors: Yuasa M. , Nishihara R. , Shi C. , Anson F. C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA set of cobalt porphyrins containing alkyl substituents in their meso sites were synthesized and compared as catalysts for the electroreduction of O2 when adsorbed on the surface of graphite electrodes. The meso substituents examined included ethyl, propyl, n‐butyl and n‐pentyl. All but the last exhibited high catalytic activity for the electroreduction of O2 by four electrons. The catalytic activity was attributed to spontaneous aggregation of the porphyrins to produce structures in which pairs of cobalt centers could be bridged by O2 molecules as previously observed for the unsubstituted and tetramethyl analogs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic study of the microwave and thermal cure kinetics of the TGDDM/DDS and TGDDM/DDM epoxy‐amine resin systems†
Authors: Hill David J. T. , George Graeme A. , Rogers David G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe microwave and thermal cure processes for the epoxy‐amine systems N,N,N′,N′‐tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) with diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) have been investigated. The DDS system was studied at a single cure temperature of 433 K and a single stoichiometry of 27 wt% and the DDM system was studied at two stoichiometries, 19 and 32 wt%, and a range of temperatures between 373 and 413 K. The best values of the kinetic rate parameters for the consumption of amines have been determined by a least squares curve fit to a model for epoxy‐amine cure. The activation energies for the rate parameters for the MY721/DDM system were determined as was the overall activation energy for the cure reaction which was found to be 62 kJ mol−1. No evidence was found for any specific effect of the microwave radiation on the rate parameters, and the systems were both found to be characterized by a negative substitution effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV cured transparent films including non‐aqueous conductive microgels
Authors: Kim Yang‐Bae , Kim Wha‐Suk , Yu Jeong‐A , Hong Jin‐Who 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUV cured transparent films containing non‐aqueous conductive microgels coated with poly(aniline)/dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid(DBSA) were obtained. The conductive microgels were prepared by interface polymerization of aniline/DBSA in the presence of non‐aqueous polymeric microgels. The electrical conductivity and the particle size of the prepared conductive microgel were 0.5 S/cm and 58 nm, respectively. The prepared conductive microgels were easily blended with a UV curable coating formulation, and then were cured to make highly optically transparent films. For the UV cured film containing about 35 wt% of the conductive microgels, a surface resistance in the range of 107 to 108 Ω/square was obtained. In a polar cosolvent, such as NMP and m‐cresol, the critical volume was shifted to the lower range, with a value of 10 wt%. The UV cured films containing the conductive microgels exhibited good electrical stability against the thermal aging and humidity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro study on the drug release behavior from Polylactide‐based blend matrices
Authors: Cai Qing , Bei Jianzhong , Wang Shenguo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, several drug carriers were fabricated to release the hydrophilic 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu), such as blend of polylactide (PLA) with different molecular weights and blends of PLA with polycaprolactone (PCL) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The controlled release devices were processed into tablets containing 12.5 wt% of 5‐Fu, and the in vitro release studies were carried out under pH 7.4 at 37 ± 1 °C. The degradation of all the drug carriers were performed under the same conditions, parameters that changes of inherent viscosity, weight loss and water sorption were determined at predetermined time intervals with degradation. To inspect the morphology of the PLA‐based blends and its affect on the 5‐Fu release behavior thereof, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction techniques were applied. As a result, the two‐phasic release behavior of homo‐PLA was significantly ameliorated in all the cases by the initial time lag period being eliminated or shortened. And a linear 5‐Fu release behavior was obtained from blend of PLAs with different molecular weights. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.