bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter IX
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The physician arriving, and prescribing for him proper cordials and restoratives, he recruited daily; and finally regained so much strength as to be able to walk about the house, and enjoy the company of his daughter and friends; who were not without some expectations of his recovering a tolerable state of health. In these however they were disappointed. After about a month had elapsed, he one day discovered the symptoms, which his physician had told him would probably precede a second stroke. This circumstance he cautiously communicated to his daughter, and desired that messengers might be sent for the doctor and Mr. Stanly. On the arrival of the latter, Dorcasina was desired by her father to leave the chamber, as he wished for some conversation with their common friend. As soon as she had withdrawn, Mr. Sheldon taking Mr. Stanly’s hand and affectionately squeezing it, thus addressed him. “I find, my dear friend, I am fast approaching that country “from whose bourne no traveller returns,” and am happily not dismayed at the prospect. I have lived beyond the common age of man, and can look back with satisfaction upon a life spent in the practice of piety and virtue; and forward, through the merits of a Saviour, to a happy immortality.
The Squire and the Widow 1750-1795
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The deaths of Thomas and Henry Lee, masters of Stratford and Lee Hall, opened a new era in the family’s story. Thanks to another generation, the Lees’ world would soon extend beyond Potomac plantation society and Williamsburg politics, reaching to faraway places like Philadelphia, Edinburgh, London, Paris, and even Berlin. Four youngsters were born to Henry and Mary Bland Lee at Lee Hall. The first, John Lee, arrived in 1724, making him senior among the fourth generation of Lees along the Potomac. Next was Richard Lee, born in 1726. In 1729, Henry and Mary named a third infant Henry, whose greatest fame would be as grandfather of Robert E. Lee. In 1730, while she was yet only twenty-six, Mary Bland Lee produced her last child, a daughter Laetitia, named after her grandmother Lee.
The Struggle for a Career in Paris Medicine
Authors: Goetz Christopher G , Bonduelle Michel , Gelfand Toby 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1872, when Charcot gained his professorship at the Paris medical Faculty, he was 47. Election to the chair of pathological anatomy marked the conclusion of a difficult struggle to reach the upper strata of the Paris medical academic hierarchy. It had been 20 years since he had completed his internship and sustained his thesis for the M.D. degree. He had held the post of physician at the Salpêtrière for over a decade.
Ezra Pound, 1908-1920
Authors: Sherry Vincent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A Lume Spento, the volume of poems Ezra Pound produced as a firstling in Venice in 1908, includes a homage to Robert Browning. “Mesmerism” configures the relation of older and younger poets, not in terms of their shared admiration for Latin culture, but in the most precise sense of its title: a hypnotic trance believed to involve animal magnetism. What holds the apprentice in fanciful thrall is the imagined voice of his master, also master of the modern dramatic monologue, whose speaking brio Pound amplifies to equal degrees of reverence and risibility:
The Birmingham Years
Authors: Ball Howard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Black arrived in Birmingham in 1907 not knowing a soul. Decades later, he would say that life there “was enjoyable” and that living and working in Birmingham was “the happiest time” of his life. Black, as he liked to say to disarm people, was somewhat of a “backward country fellow” when he arrived. In a very short while, however, he became both a legal legend and a social success story. His acquaintances and friends grew dramatically in number, as did the names in his client roster. Hugo’s personal injury practice very soon became the first such lucrative law practice in Alabama. By the time Black went off to the U.S. Senate in 1927, his total worth exceeded $250,000.
In his first year in Birmingham, however, Hugo paid his rent working for the Retail Credit Company of Atlanta, Georgia. He received fifty cents apiece “for reports on the life and habits of life insurance applicants.” This job, plus some minor legal work, got Black through his early days.
Success did come fairly soon after Hugo arrived in the big city, for a number of not too surprising reasons, given Black’s personal characteristics. First of all, he was an active participant in one of the South’s primary social groups, Birmingham’s First Baptist Church.
Fourteenth Amendment Battles: Incorporation, Due Process, Equal Protection, and “New Rights”
Authors: Ball Howard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Black’s most extensive battles with his judicial foes—in particular, Felix Frankfurter and his jurisprudential allies—conflicts that were painful and contentious, were those fought over the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Judge believed strongly that the language of the amendment, especially its due process and equal protection clauses, did not give the justices “a blank check to alter the meaning of the Constitution as written so as to add to it substantive constitutional changes which a majority of the Court at any given time believes are needed to meet present-day problems.”
It was litigation in these areas that kept the Judge up late at night. On important Fourteenth Amendment cases, as Elizabeth recollected,
Hugo awakens in the middle of the night thinking about it. Soon he pulls the chain to tum on the light. “Darling,” he says to me, “are you awake?” By that time I am, of course, fully awake.
Beginning from the Ground Up
Authors: Miller J Hillis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What in the World might be meant by “deconstructive architecture”: And why in the world, if there is such a thing, which is by no means certain, should we want such a thing here at the University of California, Irvine, for example, or on any other American campus? Why should we, for example, want a building here designed by Peter Eisenman, who, by the way, strenuously resists the word phrase “deconstructive architecture”? What would it mean, intellectually, institutionally, politically, to have one? What does it mean, politically, educationally, institutionally, intellectually, that we have the great array of postmodern buildings that we do have? These buildings, I should say, are by no means homogenous in their meaning and function. They incarnate in steel, concrete, and glass the warfares within postmodern or postpostmodern or a modern architecture, its fissures and tensions.
The Postmodern Continuum
Authors: Stern Robert A M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When I Was Asked To participate in the symposium “Postmodernism and Beyond” I was surprised; at first glance, so many of the others asked to take part seemed to be from the “Beyond,” a place from which I am surely not. But then I realized that Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, and I have everything in common, especially when we are confronted with critics who make it clear what we in our different ways do is wrong and who lump together in one group the various of us anyway. However, it is not the point of the talk to criticize the critics.
A Postmodern Fable on Postmodernity, or: In the Megalopolis
Authors: Lyotard Jean-Francois 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
1. I HAVE BEEN kindly invited by William Lillyman and David Neuman to conclude this conference by taking the bearing of postmodernity ten years after the publication of my text The Postmodern Condition.1 With this invitation, I understand that I have been asked to answer the question: What is post-postmodernity? The trap doesn’ t lie where it seems to; the mind is able to double the post as many times as it wants to. According to the basic property of time and number series that mathematics calls “the successor of,” every number n, considered as an ordinal number, implies that it is followed by a number n + 1, whatever the one may be. The trap lies rather in the request for a conclusive ebearing of post-postmodernity; for what I would underline first and foremost is the relativity in which thinking is obliged to operate under postmodern conditions. With relativity, such a conclusion is excluded and a bearing may only be taken arbitrarily.
Transaction Cost Economics and the Evolving Science of Organization
Authors: Williamson Oliver E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Early accomplishments notwithstanding (Simon, 1947; Ashby, 1960; Arrow, 1963a), the science of organization to which Chester Barnard made perceptive but cautious reference in 1938 fell on hard times. Around 1970, many economists and most organization theory specialists regarded any suggestion of, much less any pretense to, a science of organization as a bad joke. That has changed dramatically over the past twenty-five years, to the degree that I predict that Barnard’s aspirations will be realized by the turn of the century (Williamson, 1990a; 1993c).
Countering Attacks: Pitting the Propositional Against the Primal
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
From the beginnings of the Republic, politicians and their partisans have recognized that an attack unrebutted is an attack believed. “A falsehood that remains uncontradicted for a month, begins to be looked upon as a truth,” wrote William Corbett in Porcupine’s Gazette in 1797, “and when the detection at last makes its appearance, it is often as useless as that of the doctor who finds his patient expired.” But how can one respond to telegraphic, televisual attack that prompts false conclusions? The comparative power of the negative accounts for the fact that: In 1984 and 1988, the first oppositional ads of the presidential campaign aired earlier than they had any time before in the history of televised campaigns.
Solutions or Strategy?
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two moments in the 1980 campaign illustrate the differences between a focus on strategy and a focus on problems, candidates’ proposed solutions, and their relevant performance in the past. The first occurred on the morning of the New Hampshire primary. On the Democratic side, Senator Edward Kennedy (D. Mass.) was facing incumbent president Jimmy Carter. As New Hampshire voters were drinking their morning cup of coffee, Tom Brokaw was interviewing Kennedy on NBC. Were a therapist eavesdropping on the conversation, she might ask, Can this relationship be saved? After all, their goals are fundamentally incompatible. Brokaw wants to know what Kennedy will do if he loses to Carter in New Hampshire; Kennedy wants to persuade New Hampshire Democrats that his proposed policies are preferable to the Georgian’s.
Argument, Engagement, and Accountability in Political Discourse
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Reasoned argument is by no means dead in American politics. As the last echoes of the choruses of academics were bemoaning the discourse of the 1988 campaign, the congressional debate over whether to authorize U.S. entry into a Gulf War took place. In it, the very members of Congress elected in the vacuous campaigns of 1984-1990 delivered thoughtful speeches that engaged the ideas of others, examined evidence, and moved with care to warranted conclusions. Within the same period, the confirmation hearings on Supreme Court nominee Souter and the congressional deliberations over the Brady Bill confirmed that the discourse over the Gulf War was not aberrational.
Glimpse of Wonders
Authors: subito attacca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The inventors of cinema, who were legion, included diverse showmen, and others with interests far from showmanship. Some of these were scientists who felt a compelling need to document some phenomenon or action, and contrived a way to do it. In their work the documentary film had prenatal stirrings. Thus the French astronomer Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen wanted a record of Venus passing across the sun, an event of 1874. He developed what he called a revolver photographique—a cylinder-shaped camera in which a photographic plate revolved. The camera automatically took pictures at short intervals, each on a different segment of the plate. The result—photographed by Janssen in Japan—was not yet a motion picture, but it was a step in that direction, and it gave ideas to others. For Janssen the important thing was: it documented the event.
Fatalism in America: The Case of Slavery
Authors: Ellis Richard J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Studies of political ideas tend to be biased toward the articulate, toward those who leave records and write books, letters, or memoirs. Activity is unavoidably privileged over passivity. Fatalism as a cultural orientation is thus consistently under reported in most history.’ Hierarchy, individualism, egalitarianism, even hermitude—all have eloquent exponents of their ideas. Fatalists, however, remain peculiarly silent. What true fatalist would take the time to commit thoughts to paper? What would be the use? Indeed the very act of speaking out would count as evidence of a shift away from the fatalistic bias.
Private Economic Threats to Press Freedom
Authors: Baker C Edwin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Advertisers veto program content. Even after printing, publishers stop distribution of books that would offend allied elites. Profit concerns dominate media corporations. Networks and local broadcasters revamp broadcast news to reduce costs and maximize audience at the expense of information gathering and transmittal. Nonmedia based corporations (companies not primarily engaged in journalism, e.g., railroads or tire companies) own large portions of the communications industry. Conglomerates increasingly monopolize media outlets. Owners of the remaining large, independent media outlets often share similar political and economic views.
The Child-A Television Allegory
Authors: Tichi Cecelia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
No aspect of the acculturation of television has remained at once so vigorous and so static as the debate over the relation of children to television. The television child is precocious and sophisticated, according to the TV industry, and certain educators and child development experts cautiously agree. Yet that same child is otherwise profiled as a hostage to TV violence, as a child developmentally hastened into pseudomaturity, as a television “wolf child” suckled by television and cut off from the “real” world.
Comics, Movies, Music, Stories, Art, 1V-on-1V, Etc.
Authors: Tichi Cecelia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The TV environment ratifies itself everywhere. Cartoons, comic strips, fabric prints, sculpture, music, paintings, flip books, T-shirts, jewellry, movies, and TV itself—these, along with printed texts, have featured television prominently, often critically, both attacking television and at the same time exploiting its resources, but above all affirming and validating the TV environment. Television is by now ubiquitous in virtually every cultural format and venue in the United States. It takes shape as familial hearth, as the illuminator/corruptor of children, as the paradoxical site of sedentary activism, as the locus of a new, multivalent consciousness. It is a source of language, virtually a contemporary phrasebook, and certifies human experience in contexts ranging from sports stadiums to personal spaces where camcorder cassette tapes are played on personal screens. Every sign of it, from a T-shirt front to a refrigerator magnet reinforces the idea of the TV environment, one extending from the Magic Screen on “Pee-Wee’s Playhouse” to the video apparatus (video camera, VCR, big-screen monitor) on which the pantomime, Will Irwin, the electronic-age Charlie Chaplin, performs onstage in his one man video vaudeville act. Everywhere television is ratified as it is reified in contemporary culture.
Beyond Words: Visualizing in Cyberspace
Authors: Katsh M Ethan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lascivious paintings generally have more influence that dispassionate arguments.Statement made at the trial of Madame BovaryWe live by symbols.Oliver Wendell Holmes “In the beginning was the Word,” states the New Testament. It might be added that even after the beginning, there were relatively few voices with relatively few words competing with the divine voice for attention. Today, we live in an age of media abundance, where it is relatively easy to hear the voices of persons located anywhere on the planet, to access words and images stored in computers thousands of miles away, to send and receive faxes while one sleeps. Even when we are alone and away from home or office, handheld and cordless devices, ranging from telephones to computers, intrude upon our solitude and allow us to see, hear, and communicate with others.
One of the consequences of having access to so many different means of communication is that we often must choose among media, and make decisions about how to communicate as well as what to communicate. All forms of communication are not equal, and decisions are continuously being made about whether to employ one
medium or another. Such choices, which previous generations did not have to make, are significant because they reveal one’s understanding of and sensitivity to the strengths and weaknesses of different media.
Engendered Economics: Elizabeth I's Coronation Entry (1559)
Authors: Frye Susan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When Elizabeth I participated in her coronation entry, she entered a London as yet unmarked by her reign. As early as 1568, the "Royal Exchange" would be built at the heart of London, the building whose name represents a conflation of royal and mercantile interests.1 By the 1580s, her image would come to embrace the city, proud of its circumscribed autonomy, with her statue at Ludgate facing west toward the Inns of Court and the royal precincts of Westminster beyond (Figure 2).2 But in mid-January 1559, when Elizabeth crossed the city to pause for entertainment at six hubs of economic activity, her reign did not yet exist.
Chapter IV
Authors: Williams Catharine , Caldwell Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Upon arriving at Bristol, the sheriff found the prisoner had fled. Thirteen days had been spent in his examination, during which time he appeared so firm and unmoved for the most part that it was thought there was no danger of his decamping. He had fled however, and left his character to take care of itself Those who believed him innocent, had thought he would court a trial in order to free himself from the odium attached to him, which unless wiped off they knew must forever destroy his usefulness as a minister of the gospel; but when they found he had decamped and left his friends and partizans to fight it out in the best manner they were able, they were con founded, but for the most part wise enough to keep still; and had he never been found, as most people believed he never would, it is probable the point would have been conceded. But he was gone: and Col. Harnden, the person who went in persuit of him, was almost at a loss to know what to do. There seemed no trace of him to be dis covered. But although the person of the accused apeared to be beyond their reach, his character was not; and this flight, disgraceful and unmanly as it was, put the finishing seal to it.
Matters seemed so well arranged with respect to the reverend fugitive, that it would have puzzled wise heads to have known which way to look for him. But the indefatigable Col. Harnden was not to be daunted or disheartened in the cause he had undertaken. He had been one of the committee appointed to examine into this affair by the inhabitants of Fall River, and had satisfied himself that the accused ought at whatever cost to be brought to trial.
Chapter VII
Authors: Williams Catharine , Caldwell Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is a wonderful mystery in the fact, if it be so, that this unfortunate girl should be constantly betraying herself to the Methodists, by confessions of guilt and self-accusations of sins of a most outrageous kind, while at the same time she was endeavoring to keep in the society, and be in fellowship with the members, and respected by them, striving as though her very salvation depended upon it. The trial has been published, and the evidence is before the public. Those who wished to make her appear a monster of wickedness, have continually said all that is possible to say against any individual, and said it as a certain preacher once said (when he was planning to abuse his neighbour from the pulpit)-from a place where she cannot answer them back again. It is however no more than fair that her letters should speak for her, and the author has been at the trouble to collect all of her correspondence that can be found, consisting of sixteen letters written to her mother and sister, all, except one, between the year 1819 and 1832. It will be seen by these that there is a period of more than a year when only one letter was written. This was the period immediately succeeding her troubles at Lowell, and may be accounted for by the agitation of mind which such a punishment or persecution, (call it which we please,) must have occasioned. It appears however that she was not entirely unmindful of her friends during this period, as by her last letter, dated March 10th, 1832, she speaks of a pamphlet sent to Mr. Rawson. And by a letter from him to her it appears the family received one on the 11th of Jan. 1831. Other letters, written at different times may have been lost or mislaid, but not by design. Her sister’s family informed me that they were all of a like character, and, resembling her conversation, full of Methodism, and relating mostly to her religious feelings.
Antimicrobial Therapy for Bacterial Diseases
Authors: Spach David H , Liles W Conrad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Moellering RC. Principles of anti-infective therapy. In: Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 4th ed. Mandell GL, Bennett, Dolin R, eds. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp. 199-212, 1995.
Fever in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Schwartz David N , Weinstein Robert A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Few clinical parameters in hospitalized patients are followed as routinely or have as much clinical import invested in them as the presence of an elevated body temperature. As a cardinal manifestation of localized or systemic inflammation (see Chapter 10), fever is an important correlate of the severity, and response to therapy, of many of the diseases that prompt hospital admission. In addition, because hospitalized patients are often acutely ill and are exposed to a variety of invasive procedures and immunocompromising therapies, they are highly susceptible to a broad array of infectious and noninfectious complications for which fever is often an important marker.
Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock
Authors: Zanetti Giorgio , Baumgartner, Jean-Daniel , Glauser Michel-Pierre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For almost every type of infection, there is a continuous spectrum ranging from purely local manifestations to severe systemic involvement with multiple organ dysfunction and shock. Most systemic symptoms of infections are not due to the proliferation of bacteria themselves but to inflammatory reactions triggered by the infectious process. A paradox of the defense against infection is that the same inflammatory systems responsible for defending against microbial invasion may produce severe local and/or systemic symptoms when they are activated excessively.