bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassuring Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler Velocimetry in Alloimmunised Pregnancies: Neonatal Outcomes without Invasive Procedures
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Sherif A. , Shefras Julia , Kyle Phillipa M. , Cairns Pamela , Hunter Alyson , Soothill Peter W. 
Published: August 2005

<i>Objective:</i> To assess the neonatal outcome in red blood cell alloimmunised pregnancies at increased risk of fetal anaemia where invasive testing was avoided based on reassuring middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler velocity results. <i>Methods:</i> We included 28 alloimmunised pregnant women at significant risk of fetal or neonatal anaemia who did not have invasive testing because of reassuring MCA Doppler velocimetry. Women requiring invasive testing or intrauterine transfusion were excluded. Outcome measures were admission to neonatal intensive care unit, cord haemoglobin and bilirubin levels and neonatal therapy. <i>Results:</i> Ten neonates (36%) were anaemic at birth while 18 (64%) had normal haemoglobin. Seven neonates (25%) did not require any form of neonatal therapy, 10 (36%) had phototherapy only, 7 (25%) required exchange transfusions and 4 (14%) top-up transfusions. There were no treatment-related complications. Mean cord haemoglobin was 13.9 g/dl (range 7–18.9) and mean bilirubin was 84.1 µmol/l (range 29–192). <i>Conclusion:</i> Avoiding invasive procedures in pregnancies at risk of fetal anaemia by relying on reassuring MCA Doppler velocimetry did not result in life-threatening fetal or neonatal morbidities. The extent of neonatal therapy was acceptable. The routine use of this test can lead to less unnecessary invasive procedures in at-risk fetuses.
Displacement Measurement Errors from Moving Platforms
Authors: Mahrt L. , Vickers Dean , Drennan William M. , Graber Hans C. , Crawford Timothy L. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Errors in eddy correlation measurements from moving platforms (aircraft, ships, buoys, blimps, tethered balloons, and kites) include contamination of the measured fluctuations by superficial fluctuations associated with vertical movement of the platform in the presence of mean vertical gradients. Such errors occur even with perfect removal of the motion of the platform. These errors are investigated here from eddy correlation data collected from the LongEZ research aircraft and the air–sea interaction spar (ASIS) buoy during the Shoaling Waves Experiment (SHOWEX).
Virtual CSU-CHILL Radar: The VCHILL
Authors: Chandrasekar V. , Cho Yoong-Goog , Brunkow D. , Jayasumana A. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The Virtual CHILL (VCHILL) system makes it possible to transfer the educational and research experience of the Colorado State University dual polarization radar to remote locations over the Internet. The VCHILL operation includes remote control of radar and display of radar images, as well as the ability to locally process high-bandwidth radar data transferred over data networks. The low-bandwidth VCHILL operation allows the distant users to access the archived and real-time data estimated at the radar site and simultaneously display them on their local systems. A parallel receiver was developed exclusively for the high-bandwidth VCHILL. End-system architectures were designed to accommodate the demands of the high-bandwidth VCHILL operations in real time. A graphic user interface was also developed with the objective of easy installation and usage at various end-user institutions. The VCHILL not only expands the education experience provided by the radar system, but also stimulates the development of innovative research applications for atmospheric remote sensing. The VCHILL is being used by several universities for research and education.
Detectability and Configuration of Tropical Cyclone Eyes over the Western North Pacific in TRMM PR and IR Observations
Authors: Kodama Yasu-Masa , Yamada Takuya 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Statistics for 138 cases from 61 tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific during the five years from 1998 to 2002 were used to determine the detectability and configuration of tropical cyclone (TC) eyes and to reveal relations with TC intensity and life stages in satellite-based infrared (IR) and precipitation radar (PR) observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Tropical cyclone eyes were detectable in PR data in 89% of cases and in IR data in 37% of cases. Maximum sustained wind speeds in TCs were much greater when the eye was detected in both IR and PR data than in cases when the eye was detected only in PR data or when no eye was detected in either PR or IR data. An eye was detectable in both IR and PR data in the developing stage of only 18% of TCs although an eye was present in the PR data in 90% of cases. An eye was detected in both IR and PR data in 51% of the TCs during the mature stage. During the decaying stage, an eye was detected in both IR and PR data in 31% of cases. Eye diameter determined from PR observations was larger during the later stages. Most TCs had an eye less than 82.5 km in diameter during the developing stage. Tropical cyclone eyes embedded within concentric eyewalls appeared more frequently in the mature and decaying stages; this is consistent with findings from previous studies. In most cases, eye diameter was smaller in IR observations than in PR observations because an upper cloud shield extending from the eyewall partially covered the eye. For several TCs with concentric eye walls, however, eye diameter was smaller in PR observations. A shallow inner eyewall in the PR data and a deep outer eyewall in both IR and PR data characterized these cases.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Derivatives Are Less Susceptible to Immune Rejection Than Adult Cells
Authors: Drukker Micha , Katchman Helena , Katz Gil , Even-Tov Friedman Smadar , Shezen Elias , Hornstein Eran , Mandelboim Ofer , Reisner Yair , Benvenisty Nissim 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDifferentiated cell types derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may serve in the future to treat various human diseases. A crucial step toward their successful clinical application is to examine the immune response that might be launched against them after transplantation. We used two experimental platforms to examine the in vivo leukocyte response toward hESCs. First, immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse strains were used to identify T cells as the major component that causes xenorejection of hESCs. Second, mice that were conditioned to carry peripheral blood leukocytes from human origin were used to test the human leukocyte alloresponse toward undifferentiated and differentiated hESCs. Using this model, we have detected only a minute immune response toward undifferentiated as well as differentiated hESCs over the course of 1 month, although control adult grafts were repeatedly infiltrated with lymphocytes and destroyed. Our data show that the cells evade immune destruction due to a low immunostimulatory potential. Nevertheless, a human cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone that was specifically prepared to recognize two hESC lines could lyse the cells after major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) induction. Although MHC-I levels in hESCs are sufficient for rejection by cytotoxic T cells, our data suggest that the immunostimulatory capacity of the cells is very low. Thus, immunosuppressive regimens for hESC-based therapeutics could be highly reduced compared with conventional organ transplantation because direct allorejection processes of hESCs and their derivatives are considerably weaker.
Offset‐free receding horizon control of constrained linear systems
Authors: Pannocchia Gabriele , Kerrigan Eric C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe design of a dynamic state feedback receding horizon controller is addressed, which guarantees robust constraint satisfaction, robust stability and offset‐free control of constrained linear systems in the presence of time‐varying setpoints and unmeasured disturbances. This objective is obtained by first designing a dynamic linear offset‐free controller and computing an appropriate domain of attraction for this controller. The linear (unconstrained) controller is then modified by adding a perturbation term, which is computed by a (constrained) robust receding horizon controller. The receding horizon controller has the property that its domain of attraction contains that of the linear controller. In order to ensure robust constraint satisfaction, in addition to offset‐free control, the transient, as well as the limiting behavior of the disturbance and setpoint need to be taken into account in the design of the receding horizon controller. The fundamental difference between the results and the existing literature on receding horizon control is that the transient effect of the disturbance and set point sequences on the so‐called “target calculator” is explicitly incorporated in the formulation of the receding horizon controller. An example of the control of a continuous stirred‐tank reactor is presented. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Predictors of esophageal cancer risk: Assessment of susceptibility to DNA damage using comet assay
Authors: Shao Lina , Lin Jie , Huang Maosheng , Ajani Jaffer A. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIndividuals' susceptibility to DNA damage could be identified by mutagen‐challenged assays. We tested the hypothesis that susceptibility to DNA damage, measured by comet assay, may be associated with increased esophageal cancer (EC) risk. We recruited 102 subjects with previously untreated EC and 112 healthy controls. Baseline (untreated), benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)‐induced, and γ‐radiation‐induced DNA damage were quantified by the Olive tail moment parameter. The mean tail moment was significantly higher in cases than in controls at baseline (case vs. control: 2.6 vs. 1.9, P < 0.01), after BPDE induction (case vs. control: 3.8 vs. 2.7, P < 0.01), and after γ‐radiation‐induction (case vs. control: 5.0 vs. 3.8, P < 0.01). When data were dichotomized with the median values in the controls, a significantly increased risk for EC was observed for high baseline tail moment [odds ratio (OR) = 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9–11.4], high BPDE‐induced tail moment (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.9–11.8), and high γ‐radiation‐induced tail moment (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 2.4–8.8). Further, the association between DNA damage and EC was stronger in never smokers than in ever smokers. Compared with subjects not sensitive to both mutagens, individuals sensitive to only one mutagen showed a 3.4‐fold risk for EC and those sensitive to both mutagens showed an 8.7‐fold risk for EC. Thus, we conclude that susceptibility to DNA damage as assessed by comet assay might help identify individuals with high EC risk. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring multiple angiogenesis‐related molecules in the blood of cancer patients shows a correlation between VEGF‐A and MMP‐9 levels before treatment and divergent changes after surgical vs. conservative therapy
Authors: Zaman Khalil , Driscoll Robert , Hahn Diane , Werffeli Patricia , Goodman Simon L. , Bauer Jean , Leyvraz Serge , Lejeune Ferdy , Stupp Roger , Rüegg Curzio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAnti‐angiogenic therapies are currently in cancer clinical trials, but to date there are no established tests for evaluating the angiogenic status of a patient. We measured 11 circulating angiogenesis‐associated molecules in cancer patients before and after local treatment. The purpose of our study was to screen for possible relationships among the different molecules and between individual molecules and tumor burden. We measured VEGF‐A, PlGF, SCF, MMP‐9, EDB+‐fibronectin, sVEGFR‐2, sVEGFR‐1, sαVβ3, sTie‐2, IL‐8 and CRP in the blood of 22 healthy volunteers, 17 early breast, 17 early colorectal, and 8 advanced sarcoma/melanoma cancer patients. Breast cancer patients had elevated levels of VEGF‐A and sTie‐2, colorectal cancer patients of VEGF‐A, MMP‐9, sTie‐2, IL‐8 and CRP, and melanoma/sarcoma patients of sVEGFR‐1. sαVβ3 was decreased in colorectal cancer patients. A correlation between VEGF‐A and MMP‐9 was found. After tumor removal, MMP‐9 and sαVβ3 significantly decreased in breast and CRP in colorectal cancer, whereas sVEGFR‐1 increased in colorectal cancer patients. In sarcoma/melanoma patients treated regionally with TNF and chemotherapy we observed a rise in VEGF‐A, SCF, VEGFR‐2, MMP‐9, Tie‐2 and CRP, a correlation between CRP and IL‐8, and a decreased in sVEGFR‐1 levels. In conclusion, among all factors measured, only VEGF‐A and MMP‐9 consistently correlated to each other, elevated CRP levels were associated with tumor burden, whereas sVEGF‐R1 increased after tumor removal in colorectal cancer. Treatment with chemotherapy and TNF induced changes consistent with an angiogenic switch. These results warrant a prospective study to compare the effect of surgical tumor removal vs. chemotherapy on some of these markers and to evaluate their prognostic/predictive value. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arsenite pre‐conditioning reduces UVB‐induced apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells through the anti‐apoptotic activity of 27 kDa heat shock protein (HSP27)
Authors: Shi Biao , Isseroff R. Rivkah 
Published: August 2005

AbstractExposure to ultraviolet (UV) light poses a health risk for eye disease, and solar ultraviolet in the B range (UVB, 280–320 nm) is known to be related to various corneal disorders. In this study, we investigated whether pre‐conditioning of cells with arsenite (AsO) can reduce UVB‐induced apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells, and whether the anti‐apoptotic activity of 27 kDa heat shock protein (HSP27), a small heat shock protein, plays a role in this protection. UVB at levels comparable to physiologic solar exposure induces apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells in culture, demonstrated by activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, and DNA fragmentation. When cells were pre‐conditioned with arsenite prior to UVB exposure, the UVB‐induced cell death was reduced, and UVB‐induced activation of caspases and DNA fragmentation was inhibited. When cells were pre‐treated with SB 203580, which inhibits HSP27 phosphorylation through inhibition of p38 MAP kinase activation, the arsenite‐induced reduction of UVB‐induced apoptosis was partially reversed. Arsenite pre‐conditioning inhibited UVB‐induced apoptosis in a two‐phase pattern, which was temporally correlated with arsenite‐induced HSP27 expression and phosphorylation. Neutralization of intracellular HSP27 with its antibody reduced arsenite's inhibition of UVB‐induced caspase3 activation. Our results suggest that forms of stress that upregulate HSP27 and its phosphorylation may be useful as novel approaches to prevent adverse ocular effects arising from UV exposure in humans. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 301–308, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: Abnormal bone and calcium metabolism in immobilized Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Sato Yoshihiro , Honda Yoshiaki , Iwamoto Jun , Kanoko Tomohiro , Satoh Kei 
Published: August 2005

Abstract The above article, published online on 19 August 2005 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Jose A. Obeso, MD, PhD and John Wiley & Sons Inc. The Retraction has been agreed due to extensive duplication of work previously published by the same authors and concerns with authorship and data integrity. Reference Sato, Y. , Honda, Y. , Iwamoto, J. , Kanoko, T. and Satoh, K. (2005), Abnormal bone and calcium metabolism in immobilized Parkinson's disease patients. Mov. Disord., 20: 1598‐1603. doi:10.1002/mds.20658
Deep‐space communications with a 2‐hop downlink with high link‐availability
Authors: Matricciani Emilio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe recall and discuss the theory of a 2‐hop downlink in deep‐space communications. The first hop (length d1) links the deep‐space spacecraft to either a geostationary satellite or to a low Earth orbiting satellite. The second hop (length d2, with d2 ≪ d1) links the satellite to the Earth receiver through a transparent or regenerative transponder, in slant paths affected by troposphere attenuation. If we adopt a BPSK or QPSK modulation scheme and the same carrier frequencies in the two hops with a transparent transponder, a particular value of the carrier frequency makes the noise‐to‐signal ratio minimum. A better choice is to assign a low carrier frequency (X‐band) to the second hop and a high one (W‐band) to the first hop. A 2‐hop downlink is superior to a 1‐hop downlink with a large power gain proportional to (d1/d2)2 ≫ 1 at high microwave frequencies and large troposphere attenuation (high link‐availability). Shannon's capacity theorem provides the same large gain independently of the choice of the carrier frequencies in the two hops, if we use a regenerative transponder. The carrier frequencies of a 2‐hop downlink need not be those reserved to deep‐space communication, because the spacecraft could communicate as if it were transmitting ‘from the Earth’ through a conventional satellite connection. We have applied the theory to a first‐order design in the frequency range 10–100 GHz, slant path elevation angles 30°, 45° and 90° at Gera Lario or Fucino (Italy), and downlinks form Mars and Saturn, although the general findings and methodology are of global applicability. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can the restoration of natural vegetation be accelerated on the Chinese Loess Plateau? A study of the response of the leaf carbon isotope ratio of dominant species to changing soil carbon and nitrogen levels
Authors: Wang Guo‐Hong 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor the heavily degraded ecosystem on the Chinese Loess Plateau, it would be of great significance if vegetation restoration could be accelerated anthropogenically. However, one major concern is that if the late successional species were planted or sown in degraded habitats, would they still be competitive in terms of some critical plant traits associated with specific habitats? Water use efficiency (WUE) is a major plant trait shaping the pattern of species turnover in vegetation secondary succession on the Loess Plateau. We hypothesized that if late successional stage plants could still hold a competitive advantage in terms of WUE, the prospects for an acceleration of succession by sowing these species in newly abandoned fields would be good. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the leaf C isotope ratio (δ13C) value (a surrogate of WUE) of dominant species from different successional stages at given soil C and N levels. Results indicated that leaf δ13C of the two dominant species that co‐dominated in the second and third stages were significantly more positive than that of the dominant species from the first stage regardless of changing soil C and N. Yet the dominant species from the climax stage is a C4 grass assumed to have the highest WUE. In addition, increasing soil nutrition had no effects on leaf δ13C of two dominant species in the late successional stage, indicating that dominant species from the late successional stages could still have a competitive advantage in terms of WUE in soil C‐ and N‐poor habitats. Therefore, from the perspective of plant WUE, there are great opportunities for ecosystem restoration by sowing both dominant species and other species that co‐occur in late successional stages in newly abandoned fields, for the purpose of enhancing species diversity and optimising species composition.
Extending the universality of the Heath–Jarrow–Morton model
Authors: Grant Dwight , Vora Gautam 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHeath, Jarrow, and Morton (HJM) developed an important model of the evolution of interest rates. A key assumption of the model is that interest rate changes are normally distributed in continuous time. Implementing the HJM‐method of evolution of interest rates in discrete time for more complex volatility functions remains a significant challenge. In this article, we present a relatively simple and flexible method of implementation, that extends the usefulness of the HJM model. The derivation assumes that the distribution of interest rates is stable, but not necessarily identical, for each discrete time period. This allows us to identify the drift‐adjustment terms necessary to build interest rate lattices and trees and Monte Carlo simulations that satisfy exactly the no‐arbitrage and volatility conditions, even complex ones, of the model. The much more difficult discrete‐time implementation methods suggested in the literature (Heath, Jarrow, and Morton (1991) [Heath, D., Jarrow, R. & Morton, A. (1991). Contingent claim valuation with a random evolution of interest rates. Review of Futures Markets, 54–76.] and Jarrow (1996) [Jarrow, R. (1996). Modeling fixed income securities and interest rate options. New York, NY: McGraw‐Hill Companies Inc.]) do not accomplish that. We illustrate our analytical implementation with three examples of volatility functions and demonstrate its superiority to other methods of implementation.
Introduction
Authors: Crenshaw James L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPsalms 77 and 104 present opposing worldviews: pessimism and optimism. Beliefs about reality are shaped by the circumstances of ordinary existence, which in turn become occasions for existential anxiety arising from moral, natural, and religious evil. Their consequences, suffering and death, evoke a defense of God in the pious. Theodicy, the impulse to defend a deity, who is believed to be both merciful and just in Exod 34:6–7, and its many manifestations is the subject of this book.
Alternative Gods
Authors: Crenshaw James L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe polytheistic environment of ancient Israel offered a convenient response to evil’s persistence. Psalm 82 endorses this view of a pantheon of gods and points to its fundamental weakness, the inability of the gods to assure justice on earth. The indictment of these derelict deities by a single heavenly being, Elohim, marks the first truly revolutionary moment in biblical thought: the death of the gods and ensuing monotheism. Still, this revolution is not without a certain irony, for the remaining Elohim must be implored to establish justice.
Limited Power and Knowledge
Authors: Crenshaw James L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe deity’s role in human affairs need not be determinative, for people are not automatons. To endow them with the dignity of self-expression, God is said to impose limits on his own power and knowledge. The onerous consequences of freedom gave birth to an axiom that the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel tried to defuse: “The parents have eaten sour grapes and the children’s teeth are sensitive.” Freedom implies the possibility of saying “no” to God, a rejection that contributed to divine pathos. The depth of God’s suffering is beautifully documented by Hosea and Third Isaiah.
Split Personality
Authors: Crenshaw James L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe tension between justice and mercy within God gave rise to stories illustrating YHWH’s desire to let compassion prevail, although not always. Genesis 18–19 has Abraham plead with God to spare the innocents who lived in the doomed cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, and the prophet Joel appeals to God to extend the merciful attributes of Exod 34:6 to a devastated Judean populace. In contrast, a petulant Jonah objects when a merciful God spares a foreign city, Nineveh, and a greatly wronged prophet, Jeremiah, accuses YHWH of rape.
A Disciplinary Procedure
Authors: Crenshaw James L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe necessity for parental discipline to instill virtue in children raises the possibility that God employs evil for similar purposes. This popular understanding of evil and the possibilities inherent to this approach to theodicy permeate the Bible and Deutero-canonical literature. Sirach 4:11–19 introduces a personification of divine wisdom as disciplinarian, while Wis Sol 11:15–12:27 stresses God’s measured and timely punishment of the wicked. Biblical precedent for such divine discipline is found in a liturgy of wasted opportunity in Amos 4:6–11 and in a poignant revelation of God’s pain in Hos 11:1–7.