bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Selection Drives cis-regulatory Evolution Across the Threespine Stickleback Y Chromosome
Authors: Shaw Daniel E , Naftaly Alice Shanfelter , White Michael A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Allele-specific gene expression evolves rapidly on heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Over time, the accumulation of mutations on the Y chromosome leads to widespread loss of gametolog expression, relative to the X chromosome. It remains unclear if expression evolution on degrading Y chromosomes is primarily driven by mutations that accumulate through processes of selective interference, or if positive selection can also favor the down-regulation of coding regions on the Y chromosome that contain deleterious mutations. Identifying the relative rates of cis-regulatory sequence evolution across Y chromosomes has been challenging due to the limited number of reference assemblies. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Y chromosome is an excellent model to identify how regulatory mutations accumulate on Y chromosomes due to its intermediate state of divergence from the X chromosome. A large number of Y-linked gametologs still exist across 3 differently aged evolutionary strata to test these hypotheses. We found that putative enhancer regions on the Y chromosome exhibited elevated substitution rates and decreased polymorphism when compared to nonfunctional sites, like intergenic regions and synonymous sites. This suggests that many cis-regulatory regions are under positive selection on the Y chromosome. This divergence was correlated with X-biased gametolog expression, indicating the loss of expression from the Y chromosome may be favored by selection. Our findings provide evidence that Y-linked cis-regulatory regions exhibit signs of positive selection quickly after the suppression of recombination and allow comparisons with recent theoretical models that suggest the rapid divergence of regulatory regions may be favored to mask deleterious mutations on the Y chromosome.
Recruiting, retaining, and advancing women in policing: Lessons learned from the IAWP Gender-Responsive Policing Summit
Authors: Huff Jessica , Clinkinbeard Samantha S , Rief Rachael M , Dunlap Brenna , Zamouri Inès , Goodijohn Lexi , Meenagh Caroline , Champenstein Champ , Townsley Jane , Fernandez Mirko , Swanson Jessica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite persistent support for increasing gender diversity in US policing, women remain underrepresented. Yet, barriers to women in policing are not universal. Many police organizations in the USA and internationally have implemented promising gender-responsive approaches. The International and Nebraska Associations of Women Police (IAWP/NAWP) and UN Women convened a Gender-Responsive Policing Summit to share successful efforts to improve recruitment, retention, promotion, and wellness of women in policing. Researchers conducted systematic observations of Summit sessions, paying particular attention to solutions offered to advance gender-responsive policing. This instrumental case study summarizes lessons learned based on multistage inductive coding of Summit observation notes. Themes emerged around strategic planning and data use, leadership and promotion, health and wellness policies, associations, and support initiatives. This study provides real-world strategies police agencies can use to improve gender diversity, informed by police professionals committed to improving women’s experiences in policing on an international scale.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Promotes Myelin Remodeling and Motor Function by Mediating Sox2/Fyn Signals in Rats With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Fu Chaoqiong , Tang Hongmei , Liu Liru , Huang Yuan , Zhou Hongyu , Huang Shiya , Peng Tingting , Zeng Peishan , Yang Xubo , He Lu , Xu Kaishou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveHypoxic–ischemic brain injury in infants often leads to hemiplegic motor dysfunction. The mechanism of their motor dysfunction has been attributed to deficiencies of the transcription factor sex-determining region (SRY) box 2 (Sox2) or the non–receptor-type tyrosine kinase Fyn (involved in neuronal signal transduction), which causes a defect in myelin formation. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) following cerebral hypoxia–ischemia may stimulate myelin growth by regulating Sox2/Fyn, Ras homolog protein family A (RhoA), and rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) expression levels. This study investigated how Sox2/Fyn regulates myelin remodeling following CIMT to improve motor function in rats with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP).MethodsTo investigate the mechanism of Sox2 involvement in myelin growth and neural function in rats with HCP, Lentivirus (Lenti)-Sox2 adeno-associated virus and negative control–Lenti-Sox2 (LS) adeno-associated virus were injected into the lateral ventricle. The rats were divided into a control group and an HCP group with different interventions (CIMT, LS, or negative control–LS [NS] treatment), yielding the HCP, HCP plus CIMT (HCP + CIMT), HCP + LS, HCP + LS + CIMT, HCP + NS, and HCP + NS + CIMT groups. Front-limb suspension and RotaRod tests, Golgi-Cox staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments were used to analyze the motor function, dendrite/axon area, myelin ultrastructure, and levels of expression of oligodendrocytes and Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 in the motor cortex.ResultsThe rats in the HCP + LS + CIMT group had better values for motor function, dendrite/axon area, myelin ultrastructure, oligodendrocytes, and Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 expression in the motor cortex than rats in the HCP and HCP + NS groups. The improvement of motor function and myelin remodeling, the expression of oligodendrocytes, and the expression of Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 in the HCP + LS group were similar to those in the HCP + CIMT group.ConclusionCIMT might overcome RhoA/ROCK2 signaling by upregulating the transcription of Sox2 to Fyn in the brain to induce the maturation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, thereby promoting myelin remodeling and improving motor function in rats with HCP.ImpactThe pathway mediated by Sox2/Fyn could be a promising therapeutic target for HCP.
Introducing Mechanically Assisted Cough for Patients With Progressive Neurological Disease: Patient–Physical Therapist Interaction and Physical Therapist Perspective
Authors: Andersson-Watz Anna , Nygren-Bonnier Malin , Bergdahl Elisabeth , Eriksson Crommert Martin , Svantesson Mia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this study was to explore the patient–physical therapist interaction and the physical therapist’s experience of the introductory session for mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI–E) device treatment for patients with progressive neurological disease.

Methods
Qualitative content analysis of participant’s observation of interaction between patients and physical therapists during 9 MI–E introduction sessions in different clinical care settings and 10 follow-up interviews with 6 physical therapists.

Results
The introduction of MI–E emerged as a process of instilling a sense of security in the patient. The process can be described in 4 steps: (1) gain understanding by being responsive to the person’s whole life situation; (2) share knowledge and expectations in a respectful and permissive way; (3) introduce the device in a gentle and reciprocal interactivity; and (4) adapt to home use in an inclusive dialog with the patient and their significant others. Physical therapists described a need for assurance to instill a sense of security in the patient, implying a need for confidence, competent peers, guiding yet flexible routines, and emotional support.

Conclusion
Physical therapists have a need to foster assurance in employing a person-centered approach to make a patient feel secure in the process of introducing MI–E treatment. Multiple modes of professional knowledge were used together with action-based and relational-based ethics to facilitate a person-centered care approach. This seems to be a promising approach for providing good care when introducing MI–E to patients. Further research is needed to explore this from the patient’s perspective.

Impact
This study added to the body of knowledge regarding MI–E treatment in relation to patients. This has direct implication, particularly for inexperienced physical therapists, for informed care for the patient during introduction. Our study also supports that person-centered care should be implemented at all levels of health care to make it possible for physical therapists to practice person-centered care.
Severity Classification of Limbal Stem Cell Failure Due to Steven Johnson Syndrome in the Light of the Classification Consensus of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Akgun Zeynep , Palamar Melis , Egrilmez Sait , Yagci Ayse , Barut Selver Ozlem 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
To examine and to understand the limbal stem-cell deficiency (LSCD) because of Steven–Johnson syndrome (SJS) in line with the new classification system for the first time in the literature.

Methods:
Medical records of patients with LSCD because of SJS were reviewed retrospectively. In addition to demographic data and ophthalmologic or systemic findings, anterior segment photographs of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Limbal stem-cell deficiency severity was graded according to the classification published by the Limbal Stem Cell Working Group.

Results:
Twenty-four eyes of 14 patients with eye involvement secondary to SJS were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 36.09±16.70 (9–58) years and the female-to-male ratio was 11:3. The anterior segment photographs of the patients were evaluated by two independent masked observers. Limbal stem-cell deficiency severity was graded according to the classification published by Deng et al. Corneal opacity was divided into three stages according to the area of involvement. Corneal opacity was classified as Stage I if the central 5 mm region of the cornea was not affected, as Stage II if the central 5 mm region of the cornea was affected, and as Stage III if the entire corneal surface was affected. Limbal involvement was classified as Stage A if it was below 50%, as Stage B if it was between 50% and 100%, and as Stage C if it was 100%.

Conclusion:
This is the first study in the literature to describe and classify LSCD because of SJS, according to the new LSCD classification. Consistent with the results, LSCD follows a bimodal distribution. Most patients demonstrated severe (Stage III—32.14%) or mild (Stage IA—21.42%) LSCD.
Comparing Intracanalicular and Topical Steroid Use in Patients Undergoing Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Rhee Michelle K. , Zakher Meena , Najac Michael , Arias Harold , Jo Jace , Gorham Richard , Moadel Ken 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
The study received funding from Ocular Therapeutix, Inc., Bedford, MA.
We undertook this study to compare the efficacy of intracanalicular dexamethasone 0.4 mg with topical prednisolone acetate (PA) 1% in controlling postoperative pain and inflammation in patients undergoing pterygium surgery.

Methods:
This was an open-label, prospective, interventional, nonrandomized comparative trial. Thirty patients were assigned to one of the following groups: Group A [intracanalicular insert of 0.4 mg dexamethasone placed into upper and lower puncta during the procedure, followed by at postoperative month 1 visit institution of topical PA 1% twice daily × 2 weeks then once daily × 2 weeks] or Group B [nonintervention group with institution on postoperative day 1 topical PA 1% every 2 hours × 2 weeks then four times per day × 2 weeks then twice daily × 2 weeks then once daily × 2 weeks].

Results:
Fifteen cases and 15 controls were enrolled. There was no statistical difference in patient-reported pain or satisfaction between the case and control groups at 1 day; 1 week; and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in time to an ocular hyperemia score of 0 between the two groups. There was no difference in the rate of corneal reepithelialization and recurrence rate (two controls). Nine eyes had transient ocular hypertension (seven cases and two controls).

Conclusion:
Intracanalicular dexamethasone 0.4 mg may reduce the medication burden for patients who need prolonged postoperative steroid therapy as is routine in the setting of pterygium surgery. It is a safe and effective alternative to PA 1% drops alone for postoperative control of pain and inflammation in pterygium surgery.
Validity of Partner Reports of Recent Condomless Sex
Authors: Luff Amanda , Nguyen Nghia C. , Luong Truong N. , Andridge Rebecca , Hayford Sarah , Norris Alison H. , Gallo Maria F. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker of vaginal semen exposure, is less susceptible to bias than self-reported condom use behaviors. We examined the agreement of self-reported recent condomless sex (RCS) within couples and how these reports related to PSA detection.

Methods
We analyzed data from a study conducted in Vietnam, 2017 to 2020, of 500 different-sex couples using condoms and no other contraceptive method to prevent pregnancy for 6 months. We assessed enrollment and 6-month data from vaginal swabs and questionnaires from both partners. We calculated Prevalence-Adjusted Bias-Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) to evaluate agreement of men's and women's reports. Among couples with detected PSA, we assessed partner concordance of RCS reporting.

Results
At enrollment (n = 499), 79.8% of couples reported no RCS, 16.4% reported RCS, and 3.8% had partner-discordant reports (PABAK, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–0.97). At 6 months (n = 472), 91.7% reported no RCS, 5.7% reported RCS, and 2.5% had partner-discordant reports (PABAK, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–1.0). Among couples with detected PSA at baseline (11%, n = 55), 36% reported no RCS, 55% reported RCS, and 6% had discordant reports; at 6 months (6.6%, n = 31), 58% reported no RCS, 35% reported RCS, and 3% had discordant reports.

Conclusions
We observed high agreement regarding condomless sex within couples in a population using condoms as contraception in Vietnam; however, a high proportion of couples with detected PSA had both partners reporting no RCS, indicating that concordant reporting of no RCS does not indicate lack of semen exposure.
Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections and Adverse Reproductive Health Conditions Among Patients Assigned Female at Birth in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Gardella Carolyn M. , Borgerding Joleen , Maier Marissa M. , Beste Lauren A. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Reproductive age female individuals comprise the fastest-growing segment of Veterans Health Administration patients, but little is known about rates of reproductive health outcomes among those with chlamydia or gonorrhea infections. Our aim was to estimate the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and pelvic pain in female veterans tested for chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of female veterans tested for chlamydia or gonorrhea between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020. We calculated rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and pelvic pain per 100,000 person-years and used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the risk of these reproductive health conditions according to infection status after adjustment for age, race, ethnicity, military sexual trauma, mental health diagnoses, and substance use disorder.

Results
Of female veterans, 232,614 were tested at least once for chlamydia or gonorrhea, with a total of 1,665,786 person-years of follow-up. Of these, 12,971 had positive chlamydia or gonorrhea results (5.8%, 796 cases per 100,000 person-years). Compared with people who tested negative, those testing positive had double the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81–2.07), 11% increased risk of infertility (aHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.18), 12% increased risk of pelvic pain (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08–1.17), and 21% increased risk of any of these conditions (aHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.17–1.25). People with positive chlamydia or gonorrhea testing tended to have an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.0–1.30). Among those with a positive test result, 2218 people (17.1%) had 1 or more additional positive test results. Compared with those with 1 positive test result, people with more than 1 positive test result had a significantly increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (aHR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.18–1.58), infertility (aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04–1.39), and pelvic pain (aHR1.16; 95% CI, 1.05–1.28), but not ectopic pregnancy (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.80–1.47).

Conclusions
Female veterans with positive chlamydia or gonorrhea results experience a significantly higher risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and pelvic pain, especially among those with repeat infection.
Reducing Barriers for Expedited Partner Treatment in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Richards Molly J. , Bogart Amanda , Sheeder Jeanelle 
Published: February 2024

Background
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) face significant barriers to screening, testing, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Expedited partner therapy (EPT) streamlines partner treatment of STIs, but use among adolescents is low. We aimed to increase EPT offering and provision at 2 adolescent medicine clinics (AMCs) and the emergency department (ED) in an urban children's hospital. We addressed barriers at provider, pharmacy, and patient levels. We compared EPT offering and provision for chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]) and trichomonas (Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]) infection at baseline and across 2 intervention cycles.

Methods
Baseline data were collected from July 2019 to March 2020 and our intervention time frame spanned from April 2020 to October 2021. Laboratory codes identified patients with CT or TV infections. Cycle 1 allowed providers to order EPT within a patient's chart. The second cycle targeted education and standardization for STI/EPT notification and counseling. During this cycle, notification of ED patients was centralized to the AMC nurses.

Results
A total of 747 CT and TV cases were identified. In the AMC, EPT offering increased from 77.3% to 87.7% (P = 0.01). Expedited partner therapy provision increased from 32.3% to 69.9% (P < 0.001). Expedited partner therapy offering for ED patients increased by 82.3%. Retesting rates remained consistent, with a significant drop in reinfection rates (P = 0.003) within patients seen in the AMC.

Conclusions
This quality improvement initiative successfully increased EPT offering and provision among the cases identified. Future cycles may include longer-term follow-up to confirm partner treatment and testing per guidelines.
Impact of Text-Based Monthly Check-Ins on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Retention at a Sexual Health Clinic
Authors: Zinsli Kaitlin A. , Ramchandani Meena S. , Dombrowski Julia C. , Cannon Chase A. , Golden Matthew R. , Malinski Cheryl , Khosropour Christine M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of preexposure prophylaxis patients at the municipal Sexual Health Clinic in Seattle-King County, Washington from 2019 to 2021 to determine whether monthly check-in text messages impacted 4- and 6-month pre-exposure prophylaxis retention. Monthly check-ins did not appear to improve retention above and beyond open-ended texting and appointment reminders.
Dorsal Rhizotomy in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Galloway Gloria 
Published: February 2024

Summary:
The majority of cases of dorsal rhizotomy surgeries in children are done to improve the spasticity associated with cerebral palsy, and more recent techniques are selective in nature and referred to as selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). The techniques applied to selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery has changed since it was first described and continues to undergo modifications. Approaches to surgery and monitoring vary slightly among centers. This article provides a review of the rationale, variety of surgical approaches, and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring methods used along with discussion of the risks, complications and outcomes in these surgeries.
A Kv2 inhibitor combination reveals native neuronal conductances consistent with Kv2/KvS heteromers
Authors: Stewart Robert G. , Marquis Matthew James , Jo Sooyeon , Aberra Aman , Cook Verity , Whiddon Zachary , Ferns Michael , Sack Jon T. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTKvS proteins are voltage-gated potassium channel subunits that form functional channels when assembled into heterotetramers with Kv2.1 (KCNB1) or Kv2.2 (KCNB2). Mammals have 10 KvS subunits: Kv5.1 (KCNF1), Kv6.1 (KCNG1), Kv6.2 (KCNG2), Kv6.3 (KCNG3), Kv6.4 (KCNG4), Kv8.1 (KCNV1), Kv8.2 (KCNV2), Kv9.1 (KCNS1), Kv9.2 (KCNS2), and Kv9.3 (KCNS3). Electrically excitable cells broadly express channels containing Kv2 subunits and most neurons have substantial Kv2 conductance. However, whether KvS subunits contribute to these conductances has not been clear, leaving the physiological roles of KvS subunits poorly understood. Here, we identify that two potent Kv2 inhibitors, used in combination, can distinguish conductances of Kv2/KvS channels and Kv2-only channels. We find that Kv5, Kv6, Kv8, or Kv9-containing channels are resistant to the Kv2-selective pore-blocker RY785 yet remain sensitive to the Kv2-selective voltage sensor modulator guangxitoxin-1E (GxTX). Using these inhibitors in mouse superior cervical ganglion neurons, we find that little of the Kv2 conductance is carried by KvS-containing channels. In contrast, conductances consistent with KvS-containing channels predominate over Kv2-only channels in mouse and human dorsal root ganglion neurons. These results establish an approach to pharmacologically distinguish conductances of Kv2/KvS heteromers from Kv2-only channels, enabling investigation of the physiological roles of endogenous KvS subunits. These findings suggest that drugs targeting KvS subunits could modulate electrical activity of subsets of Kv2-expressing cell types.
Label-Free, Real-Time Monitoring of Cytochrome C Responses to Drugs in Microdissected Tumor Biopsies with a Multi-Well Aptasensor Platform
Authors: Nguyen Tran N. H. , Horowitz Lisa , Krilov Timothy , Lockhart Ethan , Kenerson Heidi L , Yeung Raymond S , Arroyo-Currás Netzahualcóyotl , Folch Albert 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTFunctional assays on intact tumor biopsies can potentially complement and extend genomics-based approaches for precision oncology, drug testing, and organs-on-chips cancer disease models by capturing key determinants of therapeutic response, such as tissue architecture, tumor heterogeneity, and the tumor microenvironment. Currently, most of these assays rely on fluorescent labeling, a semi-quantitative method best suited to be a single-time-point terminal assay or labor-intensive terminal immunostaining analysis. Here, we report integrated aptamer electrochemical sensors for on-chip, real-time monitoring of increases of cytochrome C, a cell death indicator, from intact microdissected tissues with high affinity and specificity. The platform features a multi-well sensor layout and a multiplexed electronic setup. The aptasensors measure increases in cytochrome C in the supernatant of mouse or human microdissected tumors after exposure to various drug treatments. Since the aptamer probe can be easily exchanged to recognize different targets, the platform could be adapted for multiplexed monitoring of various biomarkers, providing critical information on the tumor and its microenvironment. This approach could not only help develop more advanced cancer disease models but also apply to other complexin vitrodisease models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids.