bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formater le visible. Dans la fabrique des datasets photographiques (2005‑2021)
Authors: Sugitani Thierry 
Published: February 2025

Les datasets photographiques, au cœur des algorithmes d’intelligence artificielle appliquée aux images, illustrent la place centrale qu’occupe la photographie dans ces dispositifs de machine learning. Mais que révèlent ces vastes ensembles d’images, et à travers quelles opérations ? Entre 2005 et 2021, les régimes visuels observés dans vingt-cinq datasets évoluent : des ensembles restreints d’images normées et descriptives laissent place à des collectes massives sur Internet, automatisées et sans curation. Les pratiques et protocoles de sélection, d’annotation et les traitements visuels opérés sur les photographies entendent neutraliser les biais et échantillonner un visible fragmenté et décontextualisé. Ainsi, ces datasets, plus qu’un reflet, traduisent une reconstruction du réel au service de problématiques algorithmiques de plus en plus complexes. La photographie devient une matière première exploitée, façonnée au sein d’une extraction industrielle.
La Petite Fille au napalm et l’algorithme. Sur la réévaluation des images iconiques par les technologies de filtrage automatisé
Authors: Müller-Helle Katja 
Published: February 2025

Avec la multiplication par un milliard de la quantité de données d’images enregistrées, indexées et transférées chaque jour au moyen de réseaux de neurones, le besoin en matière de technologies de filtrage et de modération de contenu sur les plateformes mondiales n’a cessé de croître depuis l’an 2000. Pour contenir le flot d’images « limites », les principaux fournisseurs de services tels que Google et Meta (Facebook, Instagram) font appel à des technologies de suppression automatique ainsi qu’à des systèmes de filtrage, notamment au filtrage des métadonnées, au hachage et aux empreintes numériques. En prenant pour référence une photographie de presse emblématique, La Terreur de la guerre (The Terror of War, 1972) de Nick Ut, cet article examine comment, depuis le tournant du millénaire, une fusion s’est opérée entre l’invisibilisation technologique du traitement des images (blackboxing) et l’invisibilisation institutionnelle des critères sur la base desquels les contenus visuels sont évalués, indexés et supprimés des principales plateformes en ligne. Les images ont également fait l’objet d’une microgestion algorithmique et ont pu être intégrées à de nouveaux modèles d’évaluation qui ont supplanté les responsables traditionnels du contrôle des images, tels que l’État, les musées et les rédacteurs en chef des journaux.
Napalm Girl as Data Set. On the Reappraisal of Iconic Images by Automated Filtering Technologies
Authors: Müller-Helle Katja 
Published: February 2025

With the billionfold increase in the amount of image data that is now saved, indexed, and sent via neural networks every day, there has, since the year 2000, been an ever-increasing demand for filtering technologies and content moderation on global platforms. Major service providers such as Google and Meta (Facebook, Instagram) employ automatic deletion technologies in conjunction with filtering systems such as metadata filtering, hashing, and fingerprinting to stem the tide of borderline images. With reference to an iconic press photograph, Nick Ut’s Terror of War (1972), this text investigates how, since the turn of the millennium, there has been a merger of the technological invisibilization of image processing (blackboxing) and the institutional invisibilization of the criteria by which visual content is evaluated, indexed, and deleted from major online platforms. Iconic images have also been subject to algorithmic micromanagement and thus transposed into new evaluation scenarios that have replaced traditional gatekeepers such as the state, the museum, and newspaper editors. The two forms of invisibilization—of both technological production and institutional publication processes—converge in the discourse of operative imagery. Convolutional neural networks and the social media platforms that depend on them now do not simply produce new operative images, the filter architectures that control them actually have a retroactive effect on pre-existing visual traditions, which in some cases produces radical decontextualizations of historical images.
Image Generation in the Google Research Lab. An Interview with Jason Baldridge
Authors: Baldridge Jason , Malevé Nicolas , Sluis Katrina 
Published: February 2025

In this interview, conducted on 14, 2023, Nicolas Malevé and Katrina Sluis enter into a wide-ranging discussion with Jason Baldridge, a research scientist at Google, on the historical, technical, and cultural implications of text-to-image generators. They discuss Baldridge’s background in computational linguistics and his involvement in the development of Google’s Pathways Autoregressive Text-to-Image model (Parti), which was publicly announced in June 2022. In teasing out the different paradigms of image generation models, the conversation turns to the dynamics of language, translation and semantics, and the sociocultural implications of developing generative models based on textual inputs. The resulting discussion underscores the way researchers apprehend the relations between technology and culture, text and image, model and training data.
Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Seychelles: Challenges and proposed strategies
Authors: Etongo Daniel , Bristol Uvicka , Cetoupe Daniel , Landry Jade , Labrosse Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2025

Integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) has gained traction among scientists and development practitioners, given their complementary benefits of reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems, livelihoods and protection of assets while concomitantly enabling the achievements of the Paris Agreement, Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework on DRR. However, guidance on integrating climate and disaster risk is poorly understood because of insufficient scholarship. Although common concerns exist, the effective integration of DRR and CCA faces diverse challenges in various countries and contexts, and no study has addressed this topic in the Indian Ocean Region and Seychelles. To address this knowledge gap, a content analysis of relevant policies and strategies and in-depth interviews with 40 stakeholders were conducted to identify the challenges of integrating DRR and CCA alongside their proposed strategy for improvement. Barriers that impede the effective mainstreaming of DRR and CCA include issues about (1) governance and politics; (2) policy integration; (3) competing actors and institutions; (4) coordination and collaboration; (5) resources and funding mechanism; (6) scale mismatches; (7) implementation and mainstreaming; (8) community involvement; and (9) information, communication and knowledge sharing. This study reveals that structural coherence was weak on the strategic rather than conceptual levels, leading to poor institutional, operational and financial coordination. This led to incidental integration and collaboration happening on an ad hoc basis with the Disaster Risk Management Division positioned towards emergency preparedness and response. Proposed recommendations to enhance DRR and CCA integration are provided.Contribution: This study serves as a guide for Seychelles and other countries on how to effectively link DRR and CCA to minimise duplication of efforts and enhance the efficient use of human and financial resources while concomitantly achieving the objectives of DRR – to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience.
A Study on Prevalence of Asymptomatic Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients of Metabolic Syndrome with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Krishna S. V. S. , Rana Sandeep , Singh Priyanka , Choudhary Robin , Sharma Anmol 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim:
To find out the prevalence of asymptomatic pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in metabolic syndrome patients who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Objectives:
To find out the presence of asymptomatic PHT by two-dimensional echocardiography (2D ECHO) who have metabolic syndrome by WHO diagnostic criteria and OSA done by polysomnography. In this study, we also assessed the glycemic status in patients with metabolic syndrome with OSA and asymptomatic PHT.

Materials and Methods:
Study population: All patients attending tertiary care outpatient department for type 2 diabetes/prediabetes/dyslipidemia/hypertension/obesity were screened for metabolic syndrome features.

Results:
In a pilot study, 34 consecutive patients were found to have metabolic syndrome by the WHO diagnostic criteria. 28 (82%) of metabolic syndrome patients had OSA. 14 out of 28 patients (50%) had PHT by 2D ECHO. Prediabetes was more prevalent, 22 (65%) among patients with metabolic syndrome than diabetes (32%). All but one patient who had no OSA was found to have moderate PHT. Asymptomatic PHT was found in 6/12 (50%) of diabetics and in 8/22 (36%) in prediabetes. Except for one, diabetes duration of all was <10 years and all prediabetes were recently detected within 1 year.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that PHT is associated with a 4-fold higher occurrence of metabolic syndrome than patients with OSA. It is more prevalent in prediabetes and diabetes. The detection of the association of diabetes mellitus, OSA, and asymptomatic PHT in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction requires further longitudinal studies. The prevalence of PHT increases with increasing severity of OSA; therefore, early detection is beneficial.
Study on Incidence of Pregnancy-related Acute Kidney Injury and Its Associated Risk Factors and Outcomes: In Preponderant Tribal State of India
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Trivedi Kiran , Banerjee Sudipto , Sharma Apoorwa , Sinha Tulika , Boipai Payal , Kumari Shiwani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) may occur due to various causes from conception to puerperium. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and associated risk factors and evaluate fetomaternal outcomes in PRAKI at tertiary care institution.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with enrollment of pregnant females with PRAKI, ≥28 weeks, and up to 7 days of puerperium, diagnosed as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria – serum creatinine >1.3 mg/dl at admission or increased by 0.3 mg/dL within 48 h or >1.5 times within 7 days or urine output <0.5 ml/kg/h. A detailed history including sociodemographic factors, obstetric history, and underlying medical disorders with primary cause and obstetric precipitating factors of PRAKI was noted. The sample size was 184 patients and followed up with serial renal function test, serum electrolytes, input/urine output monitoring, and dialysis, on nephrologist advice. Complete renal recovery was considered if serum creatinine <1.3 mg/dl at discharge.

Results:
In the present study, the incidence of PRAKI was 3.16%, the mean age was 25.36 ± 5.13 years, and 76.08% of patients were antenatal, mostly primigravida. Primary causes were hypertension (57.06%), hemorrhage (20.65%), multiorgan failure (MOF), sepsis, and other causes. Obstetric complications which precipitate PRAKI were eclampsia (antepartum [52.38%], severe preeclampsia [44.77%], and postpartum [2.86%]), hemorrhage (antepartum [28.59%] and postpartum [23.68%]), hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome (3.8%), and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (2.71%). The mean serum creatinine (mg/dL) at admission, after 48 h, and at discharge were 1.92 ± 0.87, 2.69 ± 1.33, and 1.09 ± 0.32, respectively (P = 0.0001). The mean blood urea (mg/dL) at admission and at discharge were 83.9 ± 30.42 and 37.2 ± 7.12, respectively (P = 0.0001). Hemodialysis was performed in 42 (22.83%) patients; 142 patients (77.17%) were managed conservatively. Complete recovery in 137 (74.46%), 19 (10.33%) maternal mortality, 5 (11.9%) patients progressed to chronic kidney disease, median hospital stay 10 days, intensive care unit (ICU) stay 8 days (P = 0.0001). Live birth, intrauterine death, and neonatal ICU admission were in 128 (69.57%), 56 (30.43%), and 42 (32.81%) patients, respectively.

Conclusion:
Proper antenatal care, timely referral, and early detection and management of PRAKI may minimize fetomaternal morbidity and mortality.
“SYRI” – A hands-on teaching model for SYRInging of nasolacrimal duct
Authors: Khiyani Akash R , Mohanty Preeti 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) screening is a standard before cataract surgery. Lacrimal sac pressure and syringing rules out NLD obstructions.[1] However, lacrimal syringing is invasive and risks iatrogenic injury to the lacrimal drainage system (LDS).[2]

Purpose:
Practice model for lacrimal syringing and understanding outflow obstructions.

Synopsis:
The model included an inner functional part and an outer mechanical part. Two circular apertures were first made in the ink dropper (lacrimal sac) and two hollow silicone tubing of 10 mm length were glued to the apertures (upper and lower canaliculi). The tubing were bent using pins for the horizontal and vertical canaliculi. Silicone liquid was then poured into 3D-printed mould with LDS model kept inside and was left for 3–4 h. The inner model was modified by fitting small silicone balls, and obstructions were created at various levels such as lower, upper, common canaliculus, and NLD. In normal LDS, when the fluorescein dye passed through one of the tubing, it exited at the NLD opening. If the dye regurgitated through the same tubing, it suggested same canalicular block. Regurgitation from the opposite tubing suggested either a common canalicular block or an NLD obstruction. The model presents a commendable representation of the NLD system; however, it does exhibit some limitations. Notably, the absence of eyelid margins hinders the precise localization of stenotic puncta and the effective utilization of punctum dilators. In addition, the model cannot replicate the lateral pulling of the eyelid, which is crucial for effective probing procedure.

Highlights:
Our Do it yourself (DIY) syringing model called “SYRI” is a cost-effective way to practice syringing, enhancing the understanding of canalicular and NLD blocks. While not meant for probing, its repeated use improves proficiency in syringing, benefiting patient care. The model is easily replicated and can serve as foundation for teaching complex surgeries like dacryocystorhinostomy.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/xbKl33-W0VA
Comparison of two different intraocular lenses used in the modified Yamane technique
Authors: Aydin Fahri O , Aksoy Burakhan K , Ceylan Ali , Akbaş Yusuf B , Karapapak Murat , Yildiz Burçin Kepez , Yildirim Yusuf 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To compare AcrySof MA60AC (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA) and Sensar AR40e (Johnson and Johnson, Santa Ana, CA, USA) used in Yamane sutureless scleral fixation technique in terms of visual acuity, refractive stability, and complications.

Methods:
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Istanbul Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: The first group consisted of patients with MA60AC lenses, while the second group consisted of patients with AR40e. Aphakic patients who underwent secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and had postoperative minimum 3-month follow-up records were included. Visual acuity, refractive outcomes, perioperative and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:
Forty-nine patients were included in the study. Twenty-two patients were in the first group and 27 patients were in the second group. Age, gender, and follow-up time were similar between groups (P = 0.546, 0.213, and 0.347, respectively). The median lenticular astigmatism value was 0.86 (0.08–2.11) D in group 1 and 0.99 (0.31–2.96) D in group 2 (P = 0.898). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of visual acuity, spherical, cylindrical, and spherical equivalent values (P = 0.752, 0.375, 0.073, and 0.949, respectively). In group 1, a haptic tip fracture and optic–haptic separation were observed perioperatively. Optic–haptic junction separation was observed in one patient in group 1 on postoperative day 1. In group 1, epiretinal membrane development was significantly higher (P = 0.019).

Conclusions:
Both AcrySof MA60AC and Sensar AR40e IOLs via the modified Yamane technique yielded favorable and predictable outcomes. Although statistically insignificant, haptic problems were more common in the first group.
Evaluation of change in the orientation of intraocular lens in the bag using intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before and after capsular tension ring implantation
Authors: Shetty Naren , Ranade Reshma , Jain Akash , Narasimhan Raghav , Patel Yash , Nuijts Rudy , Shetty Rohit 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The purpose is to study the change in the contact of the IOL with the posterior capsule using intraoperative SD-OCT before and after implantation of the CTR post implantation of the IOL in the capsular bag.

Methods:
A total of 51 eyes of 51 patients with senile immature cataract underwent topical phacoemulsification procedure with implantation of an extended depth of focus intraocular lens by a single experienced surgeon. The Rescan 700 SD-OCT system was used for intraoperative imaging. These patients were imaged using intraoperative SD-OCT after implantation of the IOL and before and after implantation of appropriate size of CTR. The vertical height between posterior surface of the lens capsule and the posterior surface of the IOL was measured and compared across 3 CTR sizes.

Results:
The vertical height between the posterior surface of the lens capsule and the posterior surface of the IOL reduced significantly post CTR implantation (P value < 0.001) in all three groups. The change in height after CTR implantation was seen highest with the CTR size 13 mm and lowest with CTR size 11 mm.

Conclusion:
Significant improvement of contact between the IOL and the posterior capsule was shown after implantation of the CTR. Larger the size CTR, more the contact of the IOL with the bag was shown.
Repeatability and agreement of a new anterior segment optical coherence tomography with standard devices in normal, keratoconus, and post-refractive eyes
Authors: Kundu Gairik , Shetty Naren , Modak Durgalaxmi , Kaweri Luci , Khamar Pooja , Arora Vishal , Nuijts Rudy M M A , Shetty Rohit 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To assess repeatability and agreement of Eyestar 900 (Haag-Streit, Köniz, Switzerland) with Pentacam AXL Wave system (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering GmBH, Heidelberg, Germany), and MS-39 (CSO, Florence, Italy) in measuring anterior segment parameters.

Methods:
Two hundred normal eyes, 50 keratoconus (KC) eyes, and 50 post-refractive surgery eyes underwent three sequential scans on each instrument. The order of scans was randomized. Repeatability was assessed using within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the 95% limits of agreement.

Results:
Eyestar 900 had comparable repeatability to Anterion and MS-39 across groups. ICC was overall >0.8. Pentacam AXL Wave had lower Sw (better repeatability) across all groups. In normal eyes, Eyestar 900 can be used interchangeably with MS-39 and Anterion (P > 0.23). Eyestar 900 and Pentacam AXL Wave did not show agreement on any parameter, except anterior chamber depth (ACD) (P = 0.92). Eyestar 900 in KC eyes can be used interchangeably with MS-39, except for posterior keratometry (pK) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) (P < 0.001), and with Anterion, except for TCT and ACD (P < 0.001). In post-refractive eyes, Eyestar 900 can be used interchangeably with MS-39, except for pK (P < 0.001), and with Anterion, except for ACD (P < 0.001). Pentacam AXL Wave and Eyestar 900 cannot be used interchangeably in KC and post-refractive eyes.

Conclusions:
Newer devices such as Eyestar 900 can be used interchangeably with Anterion and MS-39 in normal eyes and partly in KC and post-refractive eyes. Pentacam AXL Wave and Eyestar 900 cannot be used interchangeably across the various groups. However, these multifunctional hybrid tools of combined topography, AS-OCT, can be helpful in refractive clinics.
Mediolateral Width of the Footprint of the Superior Rotator Cuff in the Indian Population and Its Correlation with the Size of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Gupta Tuisha , Batta Nafisa Shakir , Mishra Pallav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Management of partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesions is guided by the Ellman classification, which is based on the mediolateral width of the tear, considering a normal footprint width of 12 mm. However, recent studies have shown that the normal footprint width varies considerably. The current study was designed to measure the mediolateral footprint dimension of the superior rotator cuff in the Indian population and to correlate it with the size of the proximal humerus.

Materials and Methods:
The study was performed on archival magnetic resonance imaging films of 50 patients without cuff tears, aged 18–35 years (25 males and 25 females). The width of the superior-most part of the cuff footprint was measured. In addition, three measurements were taken to represent the proximal humerus size. These were the diameter of the anatomical humeral neck, the mediolateral width of the proximal humerus, and the mediolateral width of the proximal humeral shaft. All measurements were done by two observers and were repeated by both observers after a gap of more than 7 days.

Results:
The mean mediolateral width of the superior cuff footprint was 11.3 ± 0.29 mm in males and 9.9 ± 0.23 mm in females. It showed a positive correlation with all three variables representing the proximal humerus size, with r > 0.50. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest and inter-rater reliabilities was ≥90% for all measurements.

Conclusion:
The mean footprint width of the superior rotator cuff in young Indians is lower than those reported in world literature, particularly in females. These findings highlight the need for taking into consideration the footprint dimensions in the normal population for defining the classification and surgical indications of PASTA lesions.