bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh pendekatan Teaching at the Right Level terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Dasar di SDN 46 Kota Bima
Authors: Fitratunisah Umul , Tasrif  , Waluyati Ida 
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalis pengaruh pendekatan Teaching at the right level (TaRL) terhadap kemampuan literasi siswa di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Variabel utama dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Teaching at the right level (TaRL). TaRL merupakan pendekatan belajar literasi dasar yang mengacu pada suatu tingkatan capaian atau kemampuan peserta didik. Pembelajaran TaRL tidak mengacu pada jenjang usia dan tingkatan sekolah. Teaching at the right level (TaRL) memungkinkan peserta didik memperoleh keterampilan dasar, seperti membaca dan berhitung cepat. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Metode pengambilan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi tes. Teknik analisi data di ambil dari responden dengan menggunakan instrument tes serta hasil tes tanya jawab oleh responden. Analisis data melalui langkah langkah pengumpulan data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Data penelitian ini juga bersumber dari analisis artikel nasional yang terindeks dari sinta dan google scholar. Hasil prapenelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan teaching at the ringht level (TaRL) dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kemampuan literasi dasar baik itu membaca maupun menulis.
A Case Report on Diagnosis and Management of Paget’s Disease
Authors: Rao Mallela Venkateswara , Rao R. Sireesha , Akshitha Pasupulate 
Published: January 2025

Background: Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans) of bone is a localized skeletal disorder characterized by either mono or polyostotic manifestations. Paget's disease might be asymptomatic as with normal biomarkers or it can be symptomatic such as bony enlargement or deformity.
Case Presentation: A 47-year-old female patient was presented to our facility with an elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level for 1 year. Upon reviewing the patient's test results were suggestive of increased ALP, it was determined that the elevated ALP level was likely of osseous origin. However, no bone deformities were observed in the patient. A bone scan was conducted, which indicated the presence of Paget's disease, characterized by increased blood flow, pooling and intense osteoblastic activity observed in the patient's left sided pelvic bones. The diagnosis of Paget's disease was confirmed through a technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) bone scan. Inj. Zoledronic acid and oral calcium supplements were advised. Subsequently, after two months follow-up, her results showed normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level.
Conclusion: Paget's disease, despite being classified as a skeletal disorder, may manifest without any noticeable symptoms or deformities. Its diagnosis is typically confirmed through laboratory analyses, specific findings observed in radiology or radionuclide scans and occasionally, through the confirmation of bone biopsy.
Capitalization Chronicles: Unraveling the Impact on Bank Profitability
Authors: Riyanti Ririen Setiati 
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to investigate the influence of capitalization on the profitability of banks, focusing on financial data of 34 Indonesian commercial public banks over the period of 2013-2022. The researcher evaluates the capital ratio, a critical measure of financial stability, for its impact on key profitability metrics such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Pre-Provision Profitability Ratio (PPR). By utilizing the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), the results of this study show mixed effects of capital ratio on profitability across profit measures. Further, the finding shows an inverted U-shaped impact of capital ratio on bank profit when ROA is used. This suggests that a higher capital ratio increases a bank’s ability to generate profits on its assets up only to a critical point. A further increase in the capital ratio beyond this point tends to adversely affect profitability.
Dosimetric benefits of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy in the treatment of postoperative cervical cancer patients
Authors: Deng Xia , Han Ce , Chen Shan , Xie Congying , Yi Jinling , Zhou Yongqiang , Zheng Xiaomin , Deng Zhenxiang , Jin Xiance 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs the advantage of using complex volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the treatment of gynecologic cancer has not yet been fully determined, the purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric advantages of VMAT by comparing directly with whole pelvic conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of 15 postoperative cervical cancer patients. Four‐field CRT, seven‐field IMRT, and two‐arc VMAT plans were generated for each patient with identical objective functions to achieve clinically acceptable dose distribution. Target coverage and OAR sparing differences were investigated through dose‐volume histogram (DVH) analysis. Nondosimtric differences between IMRT and VMAT were also compared. Target coverage presented by V95% were 88.9% ± 3.8%, 99.9% ± 0.07%, and 99.9% ± 0.1% for CRT, IMRT, and VMAT, respectively. Significant differences on conformal index (CI) and conformal number (CN) were observed with CIs of 0.37 ± 0.07, 0.55 ± 0.04, 0.61 ± 0.04, and CNs of 0.33 ± 0.06, 0.55 ± 0.04, 0.60 ± 0.04 for CRT, IMRT, and VMAT, respectively. IMRT and VMAT decreased the dose to bladder and rectum significantly compared with CRT. No significant differences on the Dmean, V45, and V30 of small bowel were observed among CRT, IMRT, and VMAT. However, VMAT (10.4 ± 4.8 vs. 19.8 ± 11.0, P = 0.004) and IMRT (12.3 ± 5.0 vs. 19.8 ± 11.0, P = 0.02) decreased V40, increased the Dmax of small bowel and the irradiation dose to femoral heads compared with CRT. VMAT irradiated less dose to bladder, rectum, small bowel and larger volume of health tissue with a lower dose (V5 and V10) compared with IMRT, although the differences were not statistical significant. In conclusion, VMAT and IMRT showed significant dosimetric advantages both on target coverage and OAR sparing compared with CRT in the treatment of postoperative cervical cancer. However, no significant difference between IMRT and VMAT was observed except for slightly better dose conformity, slightly less MU, and significant shorter delivery time achieved for VMAT.
Characterization and evaluation of an integrated quality monitoring system for online quality assurance of external beam radiation therapy
Authors: Hoffman David , Chung Eunah , Hess Clayton , Stern Robin , Benedict Stanley 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this work was to comprehensively evaluate a new large field ion chamber transmission detector, Integral Quality Monitor (IQM), for online external photon beam verification and quality assurance. The device is designed to be mounted on the linac accessory tray to measure and verify photon energy, field shape, gantry position, and fluence before and during patient treatment.MethodsOur institution evaluated the newly developed ion chamber's effect on photon beam fluence, response to dose, detection of photon fluence modification, and the accuracy of the integrated barometer, thermometer, and inclinometer. The detection of photon fluence modifications was performed by measuring 6 MV with fields of 10 cm × 10 cm and 1 cm × 1 cm “correct” beam, and then altering the beam modifiers to simulate minor and major delivery deviations. The type and magnitude of the deviations selected for evaluation were based on the specifications for photon output and MLC position reported in AAPM Task Group Report 142. Additionally, the change in ion chamber signal caused by a simulated IMRT delivery error is evaluated.ResultsThe device attenuated 6 MV, 10 MV, and 15 MV photon beams by 5.43 ± 0.02%, 4.60 ± 0.02%, and 4.21 ± 0.03%, respectively. Photon beam profiles were altered with the IQM by < 1.5% in the nonpenumbra regions of the beams. The photon beam profile for a 1 cm × 1 cm2 fields were unchanged by the presence of the device. The large area ion chamber measurements were reproducible on the same day with a 0.14% standard deviation and stable over 4 weeks with a 0.47% SD. The ion chamber's dose–response was linear (R2 = 0.99999). The integrated thermometer agreed to a calibrated thermometer to within 1.0 ± 0.7°C. The integrated barometer agreed to a mercury barometer to within 2.3 ± 0.4 mmHg. The integrated inclinometer gantry angle measurement agreed with the spirit level at 0 and 180 degrees within 0.03 ± 0.01 degrees and 0.27 ± 0.03 at 90 and 270 degrees. For the collimator angle measurement, the IQM inclinometer agreed with a plum‐bob within 0.3 ± 0.2 degrees. The simulated IMRT error increased the ion chamber signal by a factor of 11–238 times the baseline measurement for each segment.ConclusionsThe device signal was dependent on variations in MU delivered, field position, single MLC leaf position, and nominal photon energy for both the 1 cm × 1 cm and 10 cm × 10 cm fields. This detector has demonstrated utility repeated photon beam measurement, including in IMRT and small field applications.
Does gated beam delivery impact delivery accuracy on an Elekta linac?
Authors: Jermoumi Mohammed , Xie Roger , Cao Daliang , Housley David J. , Shepard David M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the performance of an Elekta linac in the delivery of gated radiotherapy. Delivery accuracy was examined with an emphasis on the impact of using short gating windows (low monitor unit beam‐on segments) or long beam hold times. The performance was assessed using a 20cm by 20cm open field with the radiation delivered using a range of beam‐on and beam‐off time periods. Gated delivery measurements were also performed for two SBRT plans delivered using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Tests included both free‐breathing based gating (covering a variety of gating windows) and simulated breath‐hold based gating. An IBA MatriXX 2D ion chamber array was used for data collection, and the gating accuracy at low MU was evaluated using gamma passing rates. For the 20 cm by 20 cm open field, the measurements generally showed close agreement between the gated and non‐gated beam deliveries. Discrepancies, however, began to appear with a 5‐to‐1 ratio of the beam‐off to beam‐on times. The discrepancies observed for these tight gating windows can be attributed to the small number of monitor units delivered during each beam‐on segment. Dose distribution analysis from the delivery of the two SBRT plans showed gamma passing rates (± 1%, 2%/1 mm) in the range of 95% to 100% for gating windows of 25%, 38%, 50%, 63%, 75%, and 83%. Using a simulated sinusoidal breathing signal with a 4 second period, the gamma passing rate of free‐breathing gating and breath‐hold gating deliveries were measured in the range of 95.7% to 100%. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that Elekta linacs can accurately deliver respiratory gated treatments for both free‐breathing and breath‐hold patients. Some caution should be exercised with the use of very tight gating windows.
Tuning the Bonding Behavior of d‐p Orbitals to Enhance Oxygen Reduction through Push–Pull Electronic Effects
Authors: Jing Qi , Mei Zhiyuan , Sheng Xuelin , Zou Xiaoxiao , Xu Qijun , Wang Lilian , Guo Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe regulation of electronic structure is intricately linked to the intrinsic activity of oxygen reduction. Herein, a strategy for electronic structure modulation induced by bimetallic push–pull electronic effects in dual‐atom catalysts (Fe,Ni/N‐C@NG) is developed. Experiments and theoretical analysis reveal that Fe sites exhibit favorable bonding behaviors (Fe–O: dxz‐p, dyz‐p, and dz2‐p) and spin configurations, which can enable rapid desorption of *OH and thus enhance the intrinsic activity of oxygen reduction. In situ monitoring techniques and Gibbs free energy diagram further demonstrate that the adjacent Ni could serve as second active center to participate in oxygen reduction. The Fe,Ni/N‐C@NG exhibits enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity and excellent stability. Meanwhile, the assembled Zn–air battery maintains stability for over 300 h with a small voltage gap. This study provides multiple insights into the orbital scale laws of oxygen reduction.
Fully‐Printed Bionic Tactile E‐Skin with Coupling Enhancement Effect to Recognize Object Assisted by Machine Learning
Authors: Yu Zhe , Mao Yanghuan , Wu Zhixin , Li Fenglong , Cao Jinwei , Zheng Ya‐Nan , Zhong Xiaolong , Wang Lebin , Zhu Jin , Gao Pingqi , Ying Wu Bin , Liu Gang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the pursuit of tactile sensation resembling human skin, the electronic skin (E‐skin) has long been a subject of interest and inspires the exploration of various biomimetic structures. Nevertheless, the exceptional functionality of living organisms arises from the synergistic interplay of multiple internal factors, i.e. the coupling enhancement effect, which has received limited attention in existing studies. Here, a tactile E‐skin featuring a multicoupled biomimetic structure that mimics three coupling elements found in the skin: Stratum spinosum, Meissner corpuscle, and Piezo2 protein, is proposed. By amalgamating their distinguishing characteristics, this bionic E‐skin surpasses the performance of conventional counterparts such as sensitivity as high as 388.5 kPa−1, hysteresis as low as 0.76%, and response times as short as 10 ms. Furthermore, its fabrication methodology of efficient 3D printing shows great advantages in terms of production cost and customization. Finally, the sensor is expanded to a 9 × 9 pixels array for a machine learning‐assisted intellisense system to recognize the fruits as a human does, achieving an accuracy of 91.4%. All of these prove the promising potential of this multicoupled biomimetic structure in wearable electronics, human–machine interface, soft robotics, and artificial sensing.
Plasma‐Assisted CO2 Reduction into Nanocarbon in Water Using Sonochemically Dispersed Liquid Gallium
Authors: Babikir Abd H. , Ekanayake Mihiri G. M. , Oloye Olawale , Riches James D. , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming but fortunately can be removed via chemical conversion processes that often involve a reduction step. Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is an effective way to promote chemical reduction processes but requires a catalyst for energetically demanding reactions. In this study, the rapid conversion of CO2 into solid carbon via a DBD plasma is reported using dispersed liquid metal Ga which is first converted into GaOOH particles to ultimately form a GaOOH/C nanocomposite. Raman and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) experiments indicate that amorphous activated carbon is formed after the plasma treatment. Further analysis demonstrates that highly dispersed sub‐nano‐sized carbon particles containing oxygen functional groups are formed uniformly on the GaOOH surface. The CO2 conversion mechanism suggests that plasma electrons activate CO2 molecules, while plasma‐generated oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface help dissociate CO2 into solid carbon. This work opens a new approach for synthesizing materials comprising of highly dispersed sub‐nano‐sized carbon on a metal oxide support suitable for other applications such as adsorption, heterogenous catalysis, and energy conversion.
Emission Dipole and Pressure‐Driven Tunability of Second Harmonic Generation in vdWs Ferroelectric NbOI2
Authors: Fu Jierui , Yang Niuzhuang , Liu Yue , Liu Quan , Du Jiaxin , Fang Yuqiang , Wang Jiapeng , Gao Bo , Xu Chengyan , Zhang Dai , Meixner Alfred J. , Gou Gaoyang , Huang Fuqiang , Zhen Liang , Li Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract2D in‐plane ferroelectric NbOI2 exhibits strong second harmonic generation (SHG) and ultrahigh effective susceptibility. To push forward their applications in nonlinear photonics and optoelectronics, it is highly desirable to understand the emission dipole orientation and tunability of SHG, which is not achieved. Here, by integrating tight focusing from parabolic mirror with back focal plane (BFP) imaging technique, for the first time it is demonstrated that SHG emission of NbOI2 presents purely in‐plane dipole orientation in consistent with numerical simulations, suggesting the in‐plane components of the SHG susceptibility tensor in NbOI2 dominate the emission. Moreover, with the aid of ab‐initio calculations, it is found that the hydrostatic pressure can dramatically change the structure and resultant SHG intensity of NbOI2. Explicitly, SHG intensity endures a slight increase due to the distortion of octahedral at low pressure pressure, and then monotonously decreases due to the improvement of structural symmetry with further increasing pressure, and drastically quenching resulting from the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition. This work unambiguously demonstrates the dipole emission behavior of SHG and the relationship between structural evolution and SHG intensity, which provides an avenue for tunable nonlinear optics and optoelectronics.
Sb‐Doped Cs3TbCl6 Nanocrystals for Highly Efficient Narrow‐Band Green Emission and X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Zhou Wei , Yu Yang , Han Peigeng , Li Cheng , Wu Tong , Ding Zhiling , Liu Runze , Zhang Ruiling , Luo Cheng , Li Hui , Zhao Kun , Han Keli , Lu Ruifeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal halide nanocrystals (NCs) with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) are desirable for lighting, display, and X‐ray detection. Herein, the novel lanthanide‐based halide NCs are committed to designing and optimizing the optical and scintillating properties, so as to unravel the PL origin, exciton dynamics, and optoelectronic applications. Sb‐doped zero‐dimensional (0D) Cs3TbCl6 NCs exhibit a green emission with a narrow full width of half maximum of 8.6 nm, and the best PLQY of 48.1% is about three times higher than that of undoped NCs. Experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that 0D crystalline and electronic structures make the exciton highly localized on [TbCl6]3− octahedron, which boosts the Cl−‐Tb3+ charge transfer process, thus resulting in bright Tb3+ emission. More importantly, the introduction of Sb3+ not only facilitates the photon absorption transition, but also builds an effective thermally boosting energy transfer channel assisted by [SbCl6]3−‐induced self‐trapped state, which is responsible for the PL enhancement. The high luminescence efficiency and negligible self‐absorption of the Cs3TbCl6: Sb nanoscintillator enable a more sensitive X‐ray detection response compared with undoped sample. The study opens a new perspective to deeply understand the excited state dynamics of metal halide NCs, which helps to design high‐performance luminescent lanthanide‐based nanomaterials.
Aqueous Solution Enhanced Room Temperature Phosphorescence through Coordination‐Induced Structural Rigidity
Authors: Liang Li Ya , Chen Bin Bin , Gao Ya Ting , Lv Jian , Liu Meng Li , Li Da Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAchieving aqueous solution enhanced room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is critical for the applications of RTP materials in solution phase, but which faces a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, a strategy of coordination‐induced structural rigidity is proposed to achieve enhanced quantum efficiency of aluminum/scandium‐doped phosphorescent microcubes (Al/Sc‐PMCs) in aqueous solution. The Al/Sc‐PMCs in a dry state exhibit a nearly invisible blue RTP. However, they emit a strong RTP emission in aqueous solution with a RTP intensity increase of up to 22.16‐times, which is opposite to common solution‐quenched RTP. The RTP enhancement mechanism is attributed to the abundant metal sites (Al3+ and Sc3+ ions) on the Al/Sc‐PMCs surface that can tightly combine with water molecules through the strong coordination. Subsequently, these coordinated water molecules as the bridging agent can bind with surface groups by hydrogen bonding interaction, thereby rigidifying chemical groups and inhibiting their motions, resulting in the transition from the nonradiative decay to the radiative decay, which greatly enhances the RTP efficiency of the Al/Sc‐PMCs. This work not only develops a coordination rigidity strategy to enhance RTP intensity in aqueous solution, but also constructs a phosphorescent probe to achieve reliable and accurate determination of analyte in complex biological matrices.
ESIPT‐AIE Active Schiff Base Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Based on 2‐(2‐(4‐(4‐bromo Phenyl) Thiazol‐2‐yl)Vinyl)Phenol (BTVP) Utilized as a Multi‐Functional Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Devasia Jyothis , Aishwarya B. N. , Joy Francis , Nizam Aatika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study reports the synthesis and characterization of Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) – Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) active 2‐(2‐(4‐(4‐bromo phenyl) thiazol‐2‐yl)vinyl)phenol (BTVP). The AIE properties of BTVP in Acetone/Water solution are investigated, and fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) (sizes ranging from 150–200 nm) are prepared in various water fractions (fH2O). The established visco‐chromic property suggests that the restriction of intramolecular rotation is responsible for the AIE‐ESIPT behavior of the molecule, providing a means to sense viscosity. The synthesized FONs act as fluorescence chemosensors to detect Al3+ ions via a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Job's, Benesi–Hildebrand method, and 1HNMR titration confirm the 1:1 binding of BTVP with the metal ion. Studies on the emission concerning pH reveal the high stability of FONs over a broad range of pH, and a gradual change in the emission wavelength for the BTVP‐Al3+ complex (BTVP‐Al) is observed, providing a means to sense pH ranging from 2–8. The solid‐state photoluminescence of BTVP is used for latent fingerprint detection, demonstrating its efficiency in detecting both primary and secondary information. Additionally, both BTVP FNOs and BTVP‐Al are used in cell imaging, where specific nuclear staining with BTVP‐Al and cytoplasm staining with BTVP are observed.
Asymmetric A‐DA′D‐A′′ Molecular Configuration Type‐I Photosensitizer with Two Complementary Reactive Oxygen Species for Efficient Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Wen , Qin Tian , Wang Haiyang , Yang Zhiyong , Chi Zhenguo , Zhou Xie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractType‐I photosensitizers (PSs) can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hypoxia condition of tumors, which show less oxygen dependence and are considered better candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, relatively few efficient type‐I organic PSs simultaneously generating two or more type‐I ROS under irradiation are reported. Herein, new alternate donor (D)‐acceptor (A) type molecules containing ladder‐type core (DA′D) fused with an electron‐deficient benzothiadiazole core are reported, which show symmetrical A‐DA′D‐A (QY1) and asymmetrical A‐DA′D‐A′′ (QY2) configurations, respectively. As these ROSs possess complementary properties of strong oxidizing ability (•OH) and long radical lifetime (O2•−), in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that QY1 and QY2 show excellent PDT effects for tumor cells under normoxia or hypoxia, and can achieve remarkable tumor growth inhibition (TGI) rate of 90% for the QY2. More importantly, the generation of •OH in these PSs is revealed by experiments both in aqueous and in vitro, including the well‐known transformation of O2•− and direct electron transition from water to excited triplet PS. It thus provides a comprehensive understanding of the O2 dependence property of •OH radical and deep insights into the mechanism of type‐I PS.