bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of thiophene‐substituted N‐phenyl maleimide polymers by photoinduced radical polymerization
Authors: Cianga Luminita , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo types of novel functionalized N‐[4‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyloxycarbonyl)phenyl]maleimide and N‐(4‐{[2‐(3‐thienyl)acetyl]oxyphenyl}oxycarbonylphenyl)maleimide (MIThi) were synthesized starting from 4‐maleimido benzoic acid. Photoinduced radical homopolymerization of MIThi and its copolymerization with styrene were performed at room temperature to give linear polymers containing pendant thienyl moieties using ω,ω‐dimethoxy‐ω‐phenylacetophenone as an initiator. Copolymers' compositions and the equilibrium constant (K) for electron donor–acceptor complex formation suggest an alternating nature of the copolymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios and Alfrey–Price Q,e values were also determined. The thermal behavior of the new synthesized monomers and polymers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 995–1004, 2002
Needle ice observations from the high Drakensberg, Lesotho
Authors: Grab S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNear‐surface ground thermal conditions are a delayed response to changing air temperature and may result in needle ice development when air temperatures are above 0 °C and ground temperatures below 0 °C. It is difficult, therefore, to predict needle ice development based only on climatological data. Observations indicate that temporally restricted growth phases produce shorter needle ice lengths than longer growth phases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.RÉSUMÉLes conditions thermiques proches de la surface du sol évoluent avec retard après un changement de la température de l'air, aussi des pipkrakes peuvent se développer quand la température de l'air est supérieure à 0 °C et que la température du sol est inférieure à 0 °C. Il est difficile, en conséquence, de prédire le développement des pipkrakes d'après les seules données climatologiques. Des observations indiquent que de courtes phases de croissance produisent des pipkrakes de longueur plus réduite que des phases de croissance de plus grande durée. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) therapy in an MBL‐deficient patient with severe cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Garred Peter , Pressler Tacjana , Lanng Susanne , Madsen Hans O. , Moser Claus , Laursen Inga , Balstrup Flemming , Koch Claus , Koch Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeficiency of mannose‐binding lectin has been shown to be a risk factor for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We, therefore, decided to treat a patient with CF, mannose‐binding lectin deficiency, severe bronchopulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and rapid deterioration of lung function with purified mannose‐binding lectin in an attempt to ameliorate the course of the lung disease. The mannose‐binding lectin used originated from pooled human donor plasma and was given as an intravenous infusion twice a week for a period of 3 months.The patients's clinical condition was stabilized during the treatment period, but was not improved. No adverse events were observed. However, the lung function assessed as percent forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1%) and percent forced vital capacirt (FVC%) correlated significantly with the mannose‐binding serum lectin levels (rho = + 0.68, P = 0.008, and rho = + 0.73, P = 0.004). Additionally, an inverse correlation with the acute phase‐reactant C‐reactive protein and the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐6 was observed (rho = −0.49, P = 0.007 and rho = −0.41, P = 0.04, respectively).The results emphasize the importance of mannose‐binding lectin as a secondary disease modifier in CF. Moreover, purified mannose‐binding lectin can safely be administered to chronically ill patients, and may be a potential treatment in CF and other diseases in which mannose‐binding lectin deficiency plays a pathophysiological role. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:201–207. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bronchoalveolar inflammation following airway infection in preterm infants with chronic lung disease
Authors: Groneck Peter , Schmale Julia , Soditt Volker , Stützer Hartmut , Götze‐Speer Bettina , Speer Christian P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChronic lung disease (CLD) of the newborn is associated with pulmonary inflammation. However, the origin of this inflammation is not known. We evaluated the impact of airway infection on bronchoalveolar inflammation in mechanically ventilated preterm infant at risk for CLD (n = 68). Mean and maximum concentrations of the inflammatory mediators (IM) interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐8 were assayed in the tracheobronchial aspirate fluid (TAF) of neonates with perinatal airway infection (Ureaplasma urealyticum, or bacteria), postnatal nosocomial airway infection, or respiratory disease without airway infection from days 1–10 of postnatal age.Patients with CLD (n = 23;) exhibited increased levels of IM in TAF compared to neonates without CLD. Within the three subgroups, concentrations of IM were increased in CLD patients with perinatal infection and in CLD patients with respiratory disease without airway infection, but not in CLD patients with nosocomial airway infection. Although airway colonization with Gram‐negative bacteria was more frequently found in CLD patients within the first month of life, there were no differences between levels of IM in patients colonized with Gram‐negative bacteria or coagulase‐negative staphyloccoci.We conclude that perinatal infections with Ureaplasma urealyticum or bacteria and respiratory disease without infection, but not nosocomial airway infection, contribute to the bronchopulmonary inflammatory response in neonates with CLD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:331–338. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung function testing in infants with cystic fibrosis: Lessons from the past and future directions
Authors: Gappa Monika , Ranganathan Sarath C. , Stocks Janet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDespite the increasing awareness of the need to identify early pulmonary changes in cystic fibrosis (CF) noninvasively, the role of lung function testing in infancy and early childhood remains less clear than in older children with CF. The aim of this review is to summarize available data, discuss the information gained from these publications, and put this information into perspective with more recent developments of lung function testing in both infants and older children with CF. While some of the available data have been the foundation of the current level of understanding of respiratory physiology in CF, interpretation of other data has been hampered by differences between centers with regard to the methods and equipment used, patient selection, small number of subjects, and lack of appropriate reference data. A structured multicenter approach based on recently published recommendations for the measurement of lung function in infancy, together with pursuit of recent developments such as assessment of raised lung volume flow volume curves and ventilation inhomogeneity may help to more effectively utilize lung function tests in infants in the future. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:228–245. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risks and complications of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in a pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Morrow B. , Argent A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper aims to document the risks and complications of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB‐BAL) in 35 mechanically ventilated patients with diffuse severe pneumonia in a single pediatric intensive care unit. A prospective collection of data on patients' ventilatory settings and oxygen requirements before NB‐BAL, and oxyhemoglobin saturations and heart rate readings before, during, and after the procedure were taken on each patient.The major complication of NB‐BAL was arterial desaturation, which was more severe and prolonged in patients with poor oxygenation indices and PaO2/FiO2 ratios. The diagnostic yield of the procedure was high at 69%. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:378–384. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cernitin pollen‐extract on experimental nonbacterial prostatitis in rats
Authors: Kamijo Toshiyuki , Sato Shigeru , Kitamura Tadaichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP) has not been established. Cernitin pollen‐extract (CN‐009) is reported to have therapeutic effects for NBP. The effects and mechanisms of CN‐009 were investigated.MethodsTen‐month‐old rats were used with administration of estradiol after castration, which were similar to human NBP histologically. Since CN‐009 consists of T‐60 and GBX, these drugs were administered, respectively. The prostate was evaluated histopathologically including glandular damage (epithelial score), stromal ratio and immunohistochemical assays for epithelial function (PAP), stromal evaluation (Vimentin), cell proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end‐labeling (TUNEL)).ResultsControls revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation. CN‐009 showed diminished these damages. Epithelial score was better (P < 0.01) and PAP positive materials were more abundant in CN‐009 and GBX than in Controls. The stromal ratio was lower in CN‐009 (P < 0.01) and T‐60 (P < 0.05). There was no difference for PCNA positive cells in the epithelium and stroma, and TUNEL positive cells in epithelium. While, the number of TUNEL positive cells in the stroma of CN‐009 and T‐60 increased (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CN‐009 protects acinar epithelial cells mainly by GBX and also inhibits stromal proliferation in association with enhanced apoptosis mainly by T‐60. Prostate 49:122–131, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hamming distance geometry of a protein conformational space: Application to the clustering of a 4‐ns molecular dynamics trajectory of the HIV‐1 integrase catalytic core
Authors: Laboulais Cyril , Ouali Mohammed , Le Bret Marc , Gabarro‐Arpa Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProtein structures can be encoded into binary sequences (Gabarro‐Arpa et al., Comput Chem 2000;24:693–698) these are used to define a Hamming distance in conformational space: the distance between two different molecular conformations is the number of different bits in their sequences. Each bit in the sequence arises from a partition of conformational space in two halves. Thus, the information encoded in the binary sequences is also used to characterize the regions of conformational space visited by the system. We apply this distance and their associated geometric structures to the clustering and analysis of conformations sampled during a 4‐ns molecular dynamics simulation of the HIV‐1 integrase catalytic core. The cluster analysis of the simulation shows a division of the trajectory into two segments of 2.6 and 1.4 ns length, which are qualitatively different: the data points to the fact that equilibration is only reached at the end of the first segment. The Hamming distance is compared also to the r.m.s. deviation measure. The analysis of the cases studied so far shows that under the same conditions the two measures behave quite differently, and that the Hamming distance appears to be more robust than the r.m.s. deviation. Proteins 2002;47:169–179. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties and applications of the (2‐nitrofluoren‐9‐yl)methoxycarbonyl group
Authors: Henkel Bernd , Bayer Ernst 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a new protecting group, the (2‐nitrofluoren‐9‐yl)methoxycarbonyl group. Investigations on the properties of this new modification of the Fmoc‐system, such as the solvent‐dependant photochemical cleavage, and enhanced lability towards bases, are described, as well as UV‐kinetic measurements of the cleavage reaction. In addition, the incorporation of the (2‐nitrofluoren‐9‐yl)methoxycarbonyl group into two peptides, and a sequence‐dependant photochemical cleavage reaction are reported. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐Terminal domain of HTLV‐I integrase. Complexation and conformational studies of the zinc finger
Authors: Bertola Françoise , Manigand Claude , Picard Philippe , Goetz Michael , Schmitter Jean‐Marie , Precigoux Gilles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe HTLV‐I integrase N‐terminal domain [50‐residue peptide (IN50)], and a 35‐residue truncated peptide formed by residues 9–43 (IN35) have been synthesized by solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Formation of the 50‐residue zinc finger type structure through a HHCC motif has been proved by UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy. Its stability was demonstrated by an original method using RP‐HPLC. Similar experiments performed on the 35‐residue peptide showed that the truncation does not prevent zinc complex formation but rather that it significantly influences its stability. As evidenced by CD spectroscopy, the 50‐residue zinc finger is unordered in aqueous solution but adopts a partially helical conformation when trifluoroethanol is added. These results are in agreement with our secondary structure predictions and demonstrate that the HTLV‐I integrase N‐terminal domain is likely to be composed of an helical region (residues 28–42) and a β‐strand (residues 20–23), associated with a HHCC zinc‐binding motif. Size‐exclusion chromatography showed that the structured zinc finger dimerizes through the helical region. Copyright © 2000 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cα‐hydroxymethyl methionine: synthesis, optical resolution and crystal structure of its (+)‐Nα‐benzoyl derivative
Authors: Witkowska Renata , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Crisma Marco , Toniolo Claudio , Zabrocki Janusz 
Published: August 2002

Abstract(R,S)‐Methionine was transformed into Cα‐hydroxymethyl methionine by a route involving Cα‐hydroxymethylation of 2‐phenyl‐4‐methylthioethyl‐5‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazole. The absolute configuration of (−)‐Cα‐hydroxymethyl methionine was elucidated to be (S) by chemical correlation with (S) (−)‐Cα‐ethyl serine. Absolute structure determination (by single crystal X‐ray diffraction) on Nα‐benzoyl‐Cα‐hydroxymethyl methionine confirmed the (R)‐configuration for the (+)‐enantiomer. In addition, the X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the Cα,α‐disubstituted glycyl residue adopts the fully extended (C5) conformation. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of prostane in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Upadhyay Lokesh , Tripathi K. , Kulkarni Kala S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA clinical trial was conducted in a study group of 70 males diagnosed with symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (synonym of benign prostatic hyperplasia). They were administered Prostane, a herbal formulation, at a dose of two tablets a day for 1 year and monitored every 4 months during the study period. Analysis of the results showed an improvement in the symptom score of the American Urological Association symptom index rating. There was total relief in pain and haematuria in all the patients (100%); dribbling of urine decreased in 67%, dysuria in 50%, urgency in 60% and hesitancy in 40%. Blood urea levels were within the normal range in 70% of the patients and in the range 31–40 mg/dL in the remaining patients of the study group. Serum prostate specific antigen levels returned to normal in 56% of patients and were in the range 4.1–5.0 ng/mL in 25% of patients. There was a decrease in prostate specific antigen values which were >6 ng/mL in 9 patients at the commencement of the trial. Uroflowmetry studies showed that the peak flow increased from 12.6 to 30.7 s (p<0.001) and the void volume from 60.72 to 660 mL (p<0.001), the latent period reduced from 12.78 s to 2.61 s; the flow time from 57.01 s to 20.17 s and the residual volume from 620 mL to 20 mL (p<0.001). From these results, it is evident that Prostane was effective in alleviating symptoms, reducing prostate specific antigen values and normalizing uroflow dynamics in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of azoxymethane‐induced aberrant crypt foci formation in rat colorectum by whole leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis berger
Authors: Shimpo Kan , Chihara Takeshi , Beppu Hidehiko , Ida Chikako , Kaneko Takaaki , Nagatsu Toshiharu , Kuzuya Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the modifying effect of whole‐leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (designated as ‘ALOE’) on azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions, in the rat colorectum. Male F344 rats (4 weeks old) were fed the basal diet, or experimental diets containing 1% or 5% ALOE for 5 weeks. One week later, all rats except those in the vehicle‐treated groups were injected s.c. with AOM (15 mg/kg, once weekly for 3 weeks). At 9 weeks of age, all the rats were killed, and the colorectum and liver were evaluated for ACF and cytosolic quinone reductase (QR; a phase 2 enzyme), respectively. In rats given AOM and ALOE (1% or 5% in diet) the numbers of ACF/colorectum, aberrant crypts/colorectum, aberrant crypts/focus and large ACF/colorectum were significantly decreased compared with those of rats given AOM alone (all p < 0.01). No ACF were found in rats treated without AOM. In addition, ALOE significantly increased cytosolic QR activity in the liver (p < 0.01). These results indicated that ALOE inhibited the development of AOM‐induced ACF in the rat colorectum, with increased QR activity in the liver, and therefore suggested that ALOE might have a chemopreventive effect against colon carcinogenesis at least in the initiation stage. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SunghyangJungki‐San Ga Pogongyoung inhibits IL‐1 mediated tumour necrosis factor‐α secretion in astrocytes
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Min , Hong Seung‐Heon , Lee Ok‐Youn , Kang Hyung‐Won , Lee Ceon‐Mok , Lim Kyu‐Sang , Lee Kang‐Chang , Park Seung‐Taeck , Lee Seung Jae , Lyu Yeoung‐Su , An Nyeon‐Hyoung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAstrocytes play an important role in initiating and modulating inflammatory responses within the central nervous system (CNS). Extensive studies in rodents have shown that substance P induces inflammatory cytokine production in astrocytes. In this study we have examined whether an aqueous extract of SunghyangJungki‐San Ga Pogongyoung (SSGP) inhibits the secretion of TNF‐α from primary cultures of rat astrocytes. SSGP (10–1000 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the TNF‐α secretion by astrocytes ­stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and substance P (SP). Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) has been shown to elevate TNF‐α secretion from LPS‐stimulated astrocytes while having no effect on astrocytes in the absence of LPS. We therefore examined whether IL‐1 mediated inhibition of TNF‐α secretion from ­primary astrocytes by SSGP. Treatment with SSGP (10–1000 μg/mL) to astrocytes stimulated with both LPS and SP decreased IL‐1 secretion significantly. Moreover, the secretion of TNF‐α by LPS and SP in astrocytes was progressively inhibited with an increasing amount of IL‐1 neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that SSGP may inhibit TNF‐α secretion by inhibiting IL‐1 secretion and that SSGP has an antiinflammatory activity in the CNS. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposed active constituents of Dipladenia martiana
Authors: de Carvalho Mário Geraldo , Carvalho Cranchi Daniela , Kingston David G. I. , Werle Alceni A. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract3β‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylsitosterol, pomolic acid, ursolic acid, epicatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (astragalin), quercetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, quercetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside and quebrachitol were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract from the aerial parts of Dipladenia martiana (Apocynaceae). The hexane extract yielded lupeol and sitostenone. These compounds are likely to be responsible for the therapeutic effects. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to design perforated polymeric films for modified atmosphere packs (MAP)
Authors: Zanderighi Luciano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIncreasing proportions of fresh produce are being sold in modified atmosphere packs (MAP) with the aim of preserving product quality longer and reducing freight costs. A rigorous theoretical analysis was made of the transport phenomena across packaging film (composite, perforated, etc.) in order to find out whether polymeric film will permit a stationary modified atmosphere (MA) inside the pack, and if so when, and to investigate the effect of the size and shape of the holes in the perforated film. The continuity equations of the pack, for all diffusing species, were written and solved for stationary conditions, with the boundary conditions that species not involved in metabolic processes do not diffuse across polymeric film. After a detailed analysis of the transport phenomena across both continuous and perforated film, and of the metabolic rate processes, it transpires that no stationary conditions compatible with any MA can be found for continuous film, owing to the permeation characteristics of the film and the rate of the metabolic processes. With perforated film it is possible to find, at least for certain metabolic process rates, a stationary state where a constant MA is maintained inside the pack. A proposal is given, provided the rate of the metabolic process is known, for the design of a pack in terms of polymeric materials and of the pinhole size. Two case studies, strawberry and cabbage, are presented and discussed, along with the optimization of the polymeric film and the size and length of the pinholes of the packs. Another point raised deals with the advantages of using perforated film and/or of making holes or openings along the edges where the polymeric film is welded. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in clinical trial conduct in US and EU investigational sites
Authors: Mackintosh Douglas R. , Molloy Vernette 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObservations by clinical auditors about good clinical practice (GCP) compliance in US and EU investigational sites are described. Specific differences between the two regions are noted for institutional review boards (IRBs) and ethics committees; subject recruiting and consenting; investigator/study coordinator qualifications and functions; organization and recording of source data; health care delivery; quality of monitoring; and filing of regulatory documents. Neither region of the world demonstrated GCP superiority in the conduct of its clinical trials. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Good Clinical Practice (GCP) standards for clinical laboratories
Authors: Nickols Pamela 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe European Clinical Trial Directive [4] requires European (EU) Member States to assess compliance with good clinical practice (GCP) at sites concerned with any clinical trial conducted. It then lists the particular types of sites that should be considered and includes in the list any laboratory used for analyses in the clinical trial. This article in the Questions and Answers series addresses a few of the questions frequently raised when discussing the standards that we should expect from clinical laboratories. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.