bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Correlation on Chain Sampling Plans
Authors: Gao Yinfeng , Tang Loon‐Ching 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Dodge chain sampling plan (ChSP‐1) and its extensions are very useful in situations where testing is either destructive or costly. Its underlying assumption is that all units to be inspected are from the same process and the quality characteristic of interest follows an identical independent distribution. Although this assumption makes the model relatively simple and easy to implement, it may not hold for today's manufacturing processes with high production volume, in which correlation exists between products within the same process. In this paper, we propose a Markov chain model for chain sampling plans to model the dependency (correlation) between testing units. To achieve this, we assume that product units within each sample follow a Markov chain model and assume that they are independent when they are from different lots. The resulting OC curves and AOQ curves show that the discriminating power of chain sampling plans improves when there is a negative correlation between product units and deteriorates when the correlation is positive. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Constructing Retrospective ―X Control Chart Limits
Authors: Nedumaran Guna , Pignatiello Joseph J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we address the issue of constructing retrospective ―X control chart limits so as to control the overall probability of a false alarm at a desired level. The standard approach for constructing limits is shown to result in a large overall probability of a false alarm. We propose that an established technique, the analysis of means (ANOM), be used for constructing the retrospective control limits, especially when the subgroup size is small. We compare the performance of the ANOM control limits with that of Bonferroni‐adjusted standard limits through Monte Carlo simulation experiments, and make recommendations as to when each approach can be used. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Different Classification Methods Applied to a Mode of Toxic Action Data Set
Authors: Spycher Simon , Nendza Monika , Gasteiger Johann 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSuccessful discrimination of compounds by mode of toxic action (MOA) is a prerequisite for process‐based quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) approaches. A data set of 115 compounds comprising nine MOA classes and 24 descriptors has been studied with several classification methods: multinomial logistic regression (multinom), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least squares (PLS), and counter‐propagation neural networks (CPG NN). Variables were selected with stepwise methods and with a genetic algorithm (GA) for the CPG NN. Five‐fold cross‐validation was used for validating the models and the advantages and disadvantages of this validation method are critically discussed. Without variable selection the predictive power of the models ranges between 51% and 53% cross‐validated overall correct classification. With appropriate parameter selection the predictive power slightly increased to 52–59%.
Analysis of the meiotic role of the mitochondrial ribosomal proteins Mrps17 and Mrpl37 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hanlon Sean E. , Xu Zhiheng , Norris David N. , Vershon Andrew K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a complex and tightly regulated pathway that involves the induction of a large number of genes. We have identified MRPS17 in a cDNA library enriched for sporulation‐specific genes. Homology searches show that the first one‐third of Mrps17 has strong sequence similarity to bacterial S17 proteins, suggesting that Mrps17 is a potential mitochondrial ribosomal protein. This is further supported by the fact that mrps17Δ cells are respiratory‐deficient and that a Mrps17–GFP fusion localizes to the mitochondria. We have confirmed by Northern blot analysis that both MRPS17 and MRPL37 are strongly induced during the middle stages of sporulation and that this induction is dependent on the presence of a middle sporulation element (MSE) in the promoters of these genes. Interestingly, we found that Mrps17 and Mrpl37, but not other mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, accumulate during the middle stages of sporulation. These results suggest that Mrps17 and Mrpl37 may have additional meiosis‐specific roles. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detergent‐assisted oxidative folding of δ‐conotoxins
Authors: DeLa Cruz R. , Whitby F. G. , Buczek O. , Bulaj G. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract:Conotoxins comprise a diverse group of disulfide‐rich peptides found in venoms of predatory Conus species. The native conformation of these peptides is marginally stable in comparison with alternative conformations, often resulting in low folding yields. The oxidative folding of hydrophobic δ‐conotoxins was found to produce less than 1% of the native peptide [Bulaj, G. et al. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 13201]. In order to identify factors that might improve folding yields, we screened a number of additives including water‐soluble polymers, detergents and osmolytes for their ability to increase steady‐state accumulation of the native δ‐conotoxin PVIA. The presence of a non‐ionic detergent Tween and low temperature appeared to be the most effective factors in improving the oxidative folding. The detergent was also effective in promoting folding of other hydrophobic δ‐conotoxins. Based on our findings, we discuss a possible mechanism for detergent‐assisted folding and the general applicability of this mechanism to facilitating the proper folding of hydrophobic, cysteine‐rich peptides.
Modeling of structure, quality, and function in the orthodontic patient
Authors: Maki K , Inou N , Takanishi A , Miller AJ 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Authors– Maki K, Inou N, Takanishi A, Miller AJThe advantages of three‐dimensional (3‐D) imaging technology and solid modeling make it possible to visualize the morphological information. However, lacking in this ‘digital patient’ is the motion and mechanical properties observed in the living patient. Functional diagnostic techniques such as electromyography and motion analysis could complement the morphological characteristics to be applied in orthodontics. In this review, new computer‐assisted analyzing methods are introduced which include visualization of: 1) the 3‐D structure and bone density distribution; 2) masticatory‐generated forces by using automated finite element modeling (FEM); and 3) the 3‐D jaw movement and its motion analysis. In each study, the data from X‐ray computed tomography scanning, electromyograms, biting pressure, and digital jaw movement analysis (six axes) are used for calculation. By using these applications, growing changes in bone mineral density distribution of the mandibular cortical bone have been clarified, automated finite element modeling has indicated stress distribution in the craniofacial skeleton, and patient‐specific 3‐D images of the mandible have been depicted as a motion picture. These studies were completed in 124 living subjects (75 females, 49 males) between 8 and 33 years of age. From these results, malfunctions during mastication were evaluated clearly with the individual patient craniofacial structures and its characteristics. These computer‐based visualization techniques can be used to derive much clinically useful information, and to improve the combined evaluation of both static characteristics and dynamic function.
Three‐dimensional visualization of the craniofacial patient: volume segmentation, data integration and animation
Authors: Enciso R , Memon A , Mah J 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Authors–Enciso R, Memon A, Mah JThe research goal at the Craniofacial Virtual Reality Laboratory of the School of Dentistry in conjunction with the Integrated Media Systems Center, School of Engineering, University of Southern California, is to develop computer methods to accurately visualize patients in three dimensions using advanced imaging and data acquisition devices such as cone‐beam computerized tomography (CT) and mandibular motion capture. Data from these devices were integrated for three‐dimensional (3D) patient‐specific visualization, modeling and animation. Generic methods are in development that can be used with common CT image format (DICOM), mesh format (STL) and motion data (3D position over time).This paper presents preliminary descriptive studies on: 1) segmentation of the lower and upper jaws with two types of CT data – (a) traditional whole head CT data and (b) the new dental Newtom CT; 2) manual integration of accurate 3D tooth crowns with the segmented lower jaw 3D model; 3) realistic patient‐specific 3D animation of the lower jaw.
Craniofacial imaging informatics and technology development
Authors: Vannier MW 
Published: November 2004

Structured Abstract
Author– Vannier MWPurpose – ‘Craniofacial imaging informatics’ refers to image and related scientific data from the dentomaxillofacial complex, and application of ‘informatics techniques’ (derived from disciplines such as applied mathematics, computer science and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with the data.Method – Major trends in information technology determine the progress made in craniofacial imaging and informatics. These trends include industry consolidation, disruptive technologies, Moore's law, electronic atlases and on‐line databases. Each of these trends is explained and documented, relative to their influence on craniofacial imaging.Results – Craniofacial imaging is influenced by major trends that affect all medical imaging and related informatics applications. The introduction of cone beam craniofacial computed tomography scanners is an example of a disruptive technology entering the field. An important opportunity lies in the integration of biologic knowledge repositories with craniofacial images.Conclusion – The progress of craniofacial imaging will continue subject to limitations imposed by the underlying technologies, especially imaging informatics. Disruptive technologies will play a major role in the evolution of this field.
Image file interoperability for data protection, communication and trans‐system connectivity
Authors: Farman AG , Lapp RP 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Authors –
Farman AG, Lapp RPDICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) is a set of international imaging standards developed for medicine and extended to incorporate other professions. These standards encompass primary digital and secondary capture images made for dental diagnostic procedures. The standards provide a basis of interoperability for digital system outputs, providing portability and reducing the danger of obsolescence that would render valuable diagnostic information impossible to display. The American Dental Association, through the activities of its Working Group 12.1, is promoting interoperability within DICOM as the industry standard for digital imaging in dentistry.
Lessons learned from a randomised controlled trial on web learning
Authors: Canegallo L. , Pinelli I. , Beccalli M. G. , Lodi G. , Bez C. , Demarosi F. , Sardella A. , Esposito A. , Visioli S. , Zannini L. , Carrassi A. 
Published: November 2004

The web‐based course in Oral Pathology ran its third edition during the academic year 2001–2002. To encourage the independence in the selection of contents, site structure supports not only a ‘guided’ and sequential, but also a ‘free’ usage of the learning material. Qualitative evaluations conducted during the last 2 years through questionnaires and interviews reported a positive feedback from students. However, due to lack of quantitative data regarding the added value of a dual‐mode web‐based course versus the in‐class teaching course, we decided to undertake a pilot randomised control trial (RCT) to measure the learning gain of students who had access to the web support. The aim of this work is to present difficulties emerged in the design of such a study. Authors point out their experience about the following aspects: appropriateness of outcomes considered (pre‐ and post‐test and questionnaires were distributed to assess learning and skills developed in hypothetical deductive reasoning; final examination marks were also considered); methods of randomisation and groups' matching (students were assigned randomly to a test and control group; a later analysis of pre‐tests and questionnaires showed that the two groups were comparable); study design (study design had to be a cross‐evaluation, but due to practice difficulties we could not cross the groups); control of the web access (only the test group received a password to log in), duration of the trial (it was not possible to limit the site access for several months; therefore, trial lasted 5 weeks); influence of formal teaching (in order to record the teacher's behaviour during in‐class teaching activities an external observer, pedagogist, attended all lectures). We can conclude that previously mentioned difficulties will limit the possibility to draw affordable results from this first attempt of RCT on web learning, even if data collected are still under analysis. However, the authors hope their experience will be helpful when planning and setting up similar evaluations in other European Faculties' web based courses.
The effects of supraphysiological doses of corticosteroids in hypotensive liver failure
Authors: Harry Rachael , Auzinger Georg , Wendon Julia 
Published: November 2004

Abstract: Background: In septic shock, supraphysiological doses of corticosteroids reduce norepinephrine requirements. We reviewed our experience of this treatment in hypotensive liver failure.Methods: We retrospectively analysed 20 patients with liver failure who were treated with supraphysiological doses of hydrocortisone because of norepinephrine dependence. We compared their norepinephrine requirements, outcome, microbiology and incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding to an historical control group treated with norepinephrine but not corticosteroids.Results: After 48 h of steroid treatment, the median norepinephrine dose was reduced (0.14 µg/kg/min to 0.08 µg/kg/min; P < 0.05) while the blood pressure over the same period of time did not change significantly (67.3 mm Hg to 70 mm Hg). Duration of ITU stay was longer in the steroid treated group (13.5 days vs 3 days; P < 0.05) but survival was similar in both groups. There were 23 episodes of positive bacterial cultures after norepinephrine was started in the steroid treated group, compared with 18 episodes in the control group. More of the positive cultures were due to resistant organisms in the steroid treated group (65% vs 17% in the control group; P < 0.002). There was no significant bleeding due to gastrointestinal inflammation in either group.Conclusions: Supraphysiological doses of corticosteroids reduce norepinephrine requirements in hypotensive liver failure. They do not improve survival but may extend time to find a suitable donor in those awaiting urgent liver transplantation.
Spatial proximity between two host plant species influences oviposition and larval distribution in a leaf beetle
Authors: Ballabeni Pierluigi , Conconi Davide , Gateff Sophie , Rahier Martine 
Published: November 2004

Everything else being equal, insect herbivores can be expected to oviposit on host plants that provide the qualitatively and quantitatively best food for larvae. However, the selection of a plant for oviposition may be influenced by such ecological factors as natural enemies, host distribution, host patch size or host patch density. We performed a field study to test whether spatial proximity between two host plant species influences the oviposition patterns and larval distribution of the alpine leaf beetle Oreina elongata. In the population studied, O. elongata oviposits and feeds on two host plants, that belong to the same family (Asteraceae): Adenostyles alliariae and Cirsiumspinosissimum. The first species contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are sequestered by the beetle as a chemical defence, whereas the second plant does not contain any alkaloids but has hairy and spiny leaves that might give some mechanical protection to beetle larvae.
During two consecutive summers, we quantified oviposition and larval distribution on randomly chosen C. spinosissimum that grew spatially isolated from A. alliariae, on C. spinosissimum that grew in leaf contact with A. alliariae and on A. alliariae that grew in leaf contact with C. spinosissimum (isolated A. alliariae was not considered, because it is rare in the study population). In both years, more eggs were laid on C. spinosissimum than on A. alliariae and more on those C. spinosissimum that were growing close to A. alliariae than on those growing isolated. Large numbers of larvae moved from C. spinosissimum to A. alliariae during the season. Patch size did not influence egg and larval numbers. Eggs survived better on C. spinosissimum than on A. alliariae in the field. The data suggest that C. spinosissimum may provide eggs with better protection against stormy weather. In a separate study of the same population, we found that larval performance was better on A. alliariae than on C. spinosissimum. Our present data suggest that O. elongata preferentially oviposits on plants of the species that maximizes egg survival and that grow in close proximity to plants of the species that provides better food and chemical defence.
The impact of a sit‐and‐wait predator: separating consumption and prey emigration
Authors: Woodward Guy , Hildrew Alan G. 
Published: November 2004

Reviews of the impact of invertebrate predators in enclosure/exclosure experiments suggest that much of the apparent depletion of prey is due to prey emigration induced by the predators. However, these generalisations derive mainly from studies of invertebrate predators that are predominantly active searchers (usually stoneflies) and of prey with strong avoidance responses (mainly mayflies).We examined the impact of a large sit‐and‐wait predator, the nymph of the dragonflyCordulegaster boltonii, which has recently invaded Broadstone Stream as a new top predator. Field enclosure/exclosure experiments were conducted to assess the impact of the invader on the benthos. Depletion of prey varied seasonally and among taxa, and was highest when prey density and encounter rates were high. Mobile prey, although least likely to show a statistically significant response because of high exchange rates, were those most strongly depleted.Experimental channels were used to separate the relative contribution of consumption and emigration to total impact for the two most depleted prey species. Depletion of prey was due solely to consumption and predators did not induce emigration. We therefore urge caution in making generalisations about the impacts of invertebrate predators, since sit‐and‐wait and searching predators potentially have very different impacts.
Value of ultrasonography in acute renal failure: analysis of qualitative features in patients with nephropathia epidemica
Authors: Paakkala A. , Kallio T. , Huhtala H. , Apuli P. , Paakkala T. , Mustonen J. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose: To assess the value of renal ultrasonography (US) and the frequency of qualitative pathology in patients with nephropathia epidemica (NE) and to determine whether these features are related to the clinical course of NE. Material and Methods: Renal US was undertaken in 23 hospital-treated NE cases during the acute phase of the disease (first study). A second US study was performed 3-6 months later. Captured US images were used in the analysis. Results: From acute to control phase the overall rating of kidney status improved in 20 patients, parenchymal swelling decreased and corticomedullary border differentiation improved in 21, echogenicity decreased in 18, and patchy pattern in parenchymal echo-texture decreased in 15. The severity of findings in US evinced some association with fluid volume overload, high blood pressure level and blood leukocyte count, and severe clinical renal insufficiency. The degree of parenchymal swelling had more statistically significant associations with clinical course than other US features. Conclusion: Qualitative US features are as sensitive as quantitative US parameters in assessment of NE patients' clinical course and recovery, assuming that a comparative study is available. US using only qualitative features is fairly limited in evaluating NE patients' clinical situation.
Computer-aided detection of kidney tumor on abdominal computed tomography scans
Authors: Kim D.-Y. , Park J.-W. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose: To implement a computer-aided detection system for kidney segmentation and kidney tumor detection on abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. Material and Methods: Abdominal CT images were digitized with a film digitizer, and a gray-level threshold method was used to segment the kidney. Based on texture analysis performed on sample images of kidney tumors, a portion of the kidney tumor was selected as seed region for start point of the region-growing process. The average and standard deviations were used to detect the kidney tumor. Starting at the detected seed region, the region-growing method was used to segment the kidney tumor with intensity values used as an acceptance criterion for a homogeneous test. This test was performed to merge the neighboring region as kidney tumor boundary. These methods were applied on 156 transverse images of 12 cases of kidney tumors scanned using a G.E. Hispeed CT scanner and digitized with a Lumisys LS-40 film digitizer. Results: The computer-aided detection system resulted in a kidney tumor detection sensitivity of 85% and no false-positive findings. Conclusion: This computer-aided detection scheme was useful for kidney tumor detection and gave the characteristics of detected kidney tumors.
Multidetector computed tomography of cervical spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Koivikko M. P. , Kiuru M. J. , Koskinen S. K. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose: To analyze multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) cervical spine findings in trauma patients with advanced ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Material and Methods: Using PACS, 2282 cervical spine MDCT examinations requested by emergency room physicians were found during a period of 3 years. Of these patients, 18 (16 M, aged 41-87, mean 57 years) had advanced AS. Primary imaging included radiography in 12 and MRI in 11 patients. Results: MDCT detected one facet joint subluxation and 31 fractures in 17 patients: 14 transverse fractures, 8 spinous process fractures, 2 Jefferson's fractures, 1 type I and 2 type II odontoid process fractures, and 1 each: atlanto-occipital joint fracture and C2 laminar fracture plus isolated transverse process and facet joint fractures. Radiographs detected 48% and MRI 60% of the fractures. MRI detected all transverse and odontoid fractures, demonstrating spinal cord abnormalities in 72%. Conclusion: MDCT is superior to plain radiographs or MRI, showing significantly more injuries and yielding more information on fracture morphology. MRI is valuable, however, in evaluating the spinal cord and soft-tissue injuries. Fractures in advanced AS often show an abnormal orientation and are frequently associated with spinal cord injuries. In these patients, for any suspected cervical spine injuries, MDCT is therefore the imaging modality of choice.