bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein flexibility prediction by an all‐atom mean‐field statistical theory
Authors: Pandey B.P. , Zhang Chi , Yuan Xianzhang , Zi Jian , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe extended a mean‐field model to proteins with all atomic detail. The all‐atom mean‐field model was used to calculate the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of a three‐helix bundle fragment of Staphylococcal protein A (Protein Data Bank [PDB] ID 1BDD) and α‐spectrin SH3 domain protein (PDB ID 1SHG). We show that a model with all‐atomic detail provides a significantly more accurate prediction of flexibility of residues in proteins than does a coarse‐grained residue‐level model. The accuracy of flexibility prediction is further confirmed by application of the method to 18 additional proteins with the largest size of 224 residues.
Improved membrane protein topology prediction by domain assignments
Authors: Bernsel Andreas , Von Heijne Gunnar 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTopology predictions for integral membrane proteins can be substantially improved if parts of the protein can be constrained to a given in/out location relative to the membrane using experimental data or other information. Here, we have identified a set of 367 domains in the SMART database that, when found in soluble proteins, have compartment‐specific localization of a kind relevant for membrane protein topology prediction. Using these domains as prediction constraints, we are able to provide high‐quality topology models for 11% of the membrane proteins extracted from 38 eukaryotic genomes. Two‐thirds of these proteins are single spanning, a group of proteins for which current topology prediction methods perform particularly poorly.
Switching atypical antipsychotics: a review
Authors: Chue Pierre , Stip Emmanuel , Remington Gary , Kopala Lili 
Published: June 2005

Background:Atypical antipsychotics are increasingly used in the treatment of diverse psychiatric disorders; however, there is little information on the ‘why, when, and how’ of switching between the different atypical antipsychotics currently available.Objective:To review the data on switching and atypical antipsychotics.Methods:A literature search was initially conducted using the key words followed by a search of relevant articles including conference abstracts; relevant pharmaceutical companies were also contacted.Results:Clinical trial data are limited in terms of parameters measured, and case reports describe specific problems. Few studies are based on real world populations of psychiatric patients over the long-term. Careful patient and drug selections matched to a carefully supervised and appropriate cross titration based upon the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of all of the drugs involved is important to avoid potential complications such as re-emergence or worsening of psychosis and withdrawal, rebound, and emergent phenomena including new or uncovered side-effects. Psychoeducation and involvement of patients and caregivers in the process are also necessary for a successful switch.Conclusion:Despite the prevalence of switching in real world clinical practice, there is a paucity of data to guide clinicians with respect to effective and safe strategies. There are no criteria defining a successful switch. With the increasing range and formulations of atypical antipsychotics available, there is a rationale for their early use to avoid the practical problems associated with switching from conventional antipsychotics as well as the opportunity to maintain patients on an optimal atypical antipsychotic monotherapy.
Sleep quality in schizophrenia and the effects of atypical antipsychotic medication
Authors: Haffmans P. M. Judith , Oolders Hans J. , Hoencamp Erik , Schreiner Andreas 
Published: June 2005

Background:Sleep disorders are widespread among patients with schizophrenia and contribute to adverse clinical outcomes. Antipsychotic drugs exert varying effects on sleep, and the effects of atypical agents may differ from those of conventional neuroleptics.Objective:To review the literature on the effects of atypical medication on subjective and objective sleep quality in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:A non-systematic literature review of Medline was performed in August 2003 searching the period from January 1985 to August 2003 for studies of the effects of atypical antipsychotics on sleep.Results:We found published studies of clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone, but none on quetiapine or ziprasidone. Studies with clozapine showed that it increased total sleep time, sleep efficiency, stage-2 non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep density, and decreased stage-4 sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS) and stage-1 sleep. Single-dose studies with olanzapine have shown that it increases SWS, sleep continuity, total sleeping time, subjective sleep quality, and delta sleep. Long-term studies with risperidone have shown improvements in total sleep, sleep efficiency, sleep continuity, SWS, and stage-2 sleep, and reductions in sleep latency, number of awakenings, and proportion of time awake. These benefits were paralleled by improvements in subjective sleep assessment and psychopathology, and psychosocial functioning.Conclusions:The evidence presented in this review suggests that atypical antipsychotics exert favorable effects on sleep profile compared with conventional agents, including improvement of subjective sleep quality and modification of specific sleep stages known to be associated with better clinical outcome.
Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in Polish population – national health interview survey
Authors: Kiejna Andrzej , Wojtyniak Bogdan , Rymaszewska Joanna 
Published: June 2005

Objective:The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in Polish population.Subjects and methods:The national health interview survey was based on entire non-institutionalized Polish population by means of randomized, stratified (urban and rural census tracks) two-stage method (over 39 000 respondents). Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was based on General Health Questionnaire-12.Results:Psychiatric morbidity was noted in almost 1/4 of women and 1/5 of men in Poland, with small differences between urban and rural population. Every 10th woman reported such complaints at the age up to 25 years and every second above 75 years of age. Divorced and widowed respondents, irrespective of gender, have psychiatric disorders more frequently than compared groups. Higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was noted in out of work and especially disabled persons. The higher the level of education, the lower the frequency of psychiatric morbidity was observed.Conclusion:Presented survey enabled to evaluate prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in Polish representative sample. Findings should trigger more extended epidemiological studies. The requirement for epidemiological investigations increases in reform-awaiting health care system in Poland, for at least one reason that the improvement of the quality of services is closely associated with a detailed recognition of the problem.
Comparative dynamics and phenotype of the murine immune response to Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis
Authors: Furze R. C. , Selkirk M. E. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARY Infection of NIH mice with Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis results in qualitatively comparable immune responses. Antigen‐specific proliferation by mesenteric lymph node cells was transient and temporally associated with intestinal infection, but in contrast was sustained throughout infection by splenocytes. Early cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node cells was dominated by interleukin 10, but also IL‐5 and IL‐4, with rapid resolution following parasite expulsion from the gut. Splenocytes showed a mixed profile of cytokine production, although again dominated by IL‐10 and sustained over 60 days of infection. All antibody classes were evident, with early production of IgA and IgG1, and subsequent secretion of other subclasses including IgG2a. Granulocytic infiltration of the spleen was significantly greater in T. spiralis infection. The concentration of serum corticosterone generally remained within normal boundaries, although was raised by day 60 in T. spiralis‐infected mice. We conclude that the systemic suppression of inflammation reported for T. pseudospiralis does not result from selective induction of regulatory cytokines, or a major difference in the immune response to infection with T. spiralis.
Evidence for an age‐independent process in category learning
Authors: Livingston Kenneth R. , Andrews Janet K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAfter learning to categorize a set of alien‐like stimuli in the context of a story, a group of 5‐year‐old children and adults judged pairs of stimuli from different categories to be less similar than did groups not learning the category distinction. In a same–different task, the learning group made more errors on pairs of non‐identical stimuli from the same category than did the other groups, suggesting increased within‐category item similarity, or compression. These expansion and compression effects add further support to the view that concept formation involves systematic changes in the metric of similarity space within which objects are represented. They also suggest that these processes do not vary with age, which is at least consistent with the hypothesis that they are fundamental to the mechanisms underlying concept formation.
Sensitivity to triadic attention in early infancy
Authors: Striano Tricia , Stahl Daniel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn Study 1, 54 3‐, 6‐ and 9‐month‐old infants interacted with an adult stranger who engaged in a face‐to‐face (dyadic) exchange. Dyadic interaction was halted when the adult turned away to look at an object. In a Joint Attention condition, the adult alternated visual attention between the infant and the object, and in a Look Away condition she looked away at the object only. Infants gazed and smiled more in the Joint Attention condition compared to in the Look Away condition. Infants’ gazing to the target object interacted with age and condition. In Study 2, 37 3‐, 6‐ and 9‐month old infants interacted with an adult who coordinated visual attention and affect, affect only, visual attention only, or ignored the infant. Infants gazed reliably more at E when she coordinated both affect and attention and smiled reliably more when the adult coordinated affect and attention or attention only. The findings show a sensitivity to triadic attention by 3 months of age.
Embedded figures detection in autism and typical development: preliminary evidence of a double dissociation in relationships with visual search
Authors: Jarrold Christopher , Gilchrist Iain D. , Bender Alison 
Published: June 2005

Abstract Individuals with autism show relatively strong performance on tasks that require them to identify the constituent parts of a visual stimulus. This is assumed to be the result of a bias towards processing the local elements in a display that follows from a weakened ability to integrate information at the global level. The results of the current study showed that, among children with autism, ability to locate a figure embedded in a larger stimulus was only related to performance on visual search trials where the target was identified by a unique perceptual feature. In contrast, control children's embedded figures performance was specifically related to their performance on visual search trials where the target was defined by a conjunction of features. This double dissociation suggests that enhanced performance on perceptual tasks by children with autism is not simply a consequence of a quantitative difference in ability to engage in global processing.
Factors responsible for performance on the day–night task: response set or semantics?
Authors: Simpson Andrew , Riggs Kevin J. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract In a recent study Diamond, Kirkham and Amso (2002) obtained evidence consistent with the claim that the day–night task requires inhibition because the picture and its corresponding conflicting response are semantically related. In their study children responded more accurately in a dog–pig condition (see /day picture/ say ‘dog’; see /night picture/ say ‘pig’) than the standard day–night condition (see /day picture/ say ‘night’; see /night picture/ say ‘day’). However, there is another effect that may have made the day–night condition harder than the dog–pig condition: the response set effect. In the day–night condition the names of the two stimuli (‘day’ and ‘night’) and the two corresponding conflicting responses (‘night’ and ‘day’) are from the same response set: both ‘day’ and ‘night’. In the dog–pig condition the names of the stimuli (‘day’, ‘night’) and the corresponding responses (‘dog’, ‘pig’) are from a different response set. In two experiments (Experiment 1 with 4‐year‐olds (n = 25); Experiment 2 with

, 4‐, 5‐, 7‐ and 11‐year‐olds (n = 81)) children were tested on four experimental conditions that enabled the effects of semantics and response set to be separated. Overall, our data suggest that response set is a major factor in creating the inhibitory demands of the day–night task in children of all ages. Results are discussed in relation to other inhibitory tasks.
The Corporate Governance of Professional Football Clubs in England
Authors: Michie Jonathan , Oughton Christine 
Published: June 2005

We analyse the corporate governance of professional football clubs operating in England's Premier and Football Leagues. Good corporate governance is essential if clubs are to be managed effectively and to survive in the difficult economic circumstances surrounding the football industry. The past couple of years have been especially testing, as Football League clubs have had to deal with the aftermath of the collapse of the ITV digital contract. Our analysis reveals that while there are some noticeable improvements in governance standards, many clubs would benefit from following best practice guidelines on information disclosure, the appointment of directors, board composition, induction and training of directors, risk management and consultation with stakeholders. Despite improvement in some areas over the past three years, standards of corporate governance in football clubs are significantly below those of listed companies as a whole and there is thus considerable need for improvement.Corporate governance in the UK is regulated by Company Law and by codes of corporate governance such as The Combined Code (CC) and The OECD Principles. Whereas compliance with company law is obligatory, compliance with best practice codes of corporate governance, such as the CC, is voluntary in the sense that companies listed on the London Stock Exchange must either comply with the code or else explain any instance of non‐compliance in their Annual Report. The rationale for this self‐regulatory process is that good corporate governance brings benefits to companies in terms of engendering the trust of investors and improving corporate performance. Firms will therefore find it in their own best interests to comply with the code unless there is a good reason not to do so which can be explained to shareholders in the company's statement of compliance. Since the CC was first introduced, the degree of compliance, as measured by the proportion of companies adopting best practice, has increased considerably, representing a welcome improvement in governance standards.In this paper we present results from our annual survey of FA Premier and Football League clubs, and our analysis of corporate governance statements published by listed clubs, to provide an assessment of the state of corporate governance of professional football clubs. On the basis of this analysis we make a number of recommendations for how the corporate governance of professional football clubs might be improved in the future.
Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis: lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei in children?
Authors: Misago N , Nakafusa J , Narisawa Y 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTBackground  Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis (CGPD) is a granulomatous disease characterized by monomorphous, small papular eruptions around the mouse, nose and eyes, and is thought to be closely related to perioral dermatitis. This condition has always been believed to occur more commonly in dark‐skinned patients; however, recent observations have revealed CGPD to occur also in white patients.Observation  We report an 11‐year‐old Japanese boy with the characteristic features of CGPD. Although sarcoidosis and acne/granulomatous rosacea could be differentiated from CGPD, we could find no essential differences between CGPD and lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF). The cases of LMDF in children, which were recorded in the Japanese literature, had highly similar clinicopathological features to those of CGPD. This case responded dramatically to topical tacrolimus in combination with the oral administration of minocycline.Conclusions  The entity ‘facial idiopathic granulomas with regressive evolution’ is considered to include LMDF (a common adult form), CGPD (a rare childhood form) and perioral dermatitis (a peculiar form exacerbated by topical corticosteroids). Topical tacrolimus may be recommended as one of the therapies for LMDF as well as CGPD.
Degos disease with an inconspicuous clinical course
Authors: Loewe R , Palatin M , Petzelbauer P 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTBackground  Degos disease is a rare systemic disorder with involvement of the skin and visceral organs, leading to death in about 50% of cases within 1 or 2 years. In recent years, several cases with cutaneous lesions only have been recognized.Methods  We report on a young male patient presenting with single inconspicuous papules with bluish/black centres on the trunk and the upper limbs that, upon healing turn white. These lesions recurred on different locations over the past 6 years, and were never more than two to three at one time.Results  Histopathological examinations revealed archetypal features for Degos disease. The patient had no other complaints, neither visceral organs nor the central nerve system were involved. Laboratory examinations were within normal range.Conclusions  This case increases the number of reports on a benign course of Degos disease. It raises the question if the ‘malignant’ and the ‘benign’ course of the disease represent two distinct diseases or variants of a systemic vasculitis with unknown cause.
A new case of semicircular lipoatrophy associated with repeated external microtraumas and review of the literature
Authors: Gómez‐Espejo C , Pérez‐Bernal A , Camacho‐Martínez F 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present a new case of semicircular lipoatrophy whose lesions disappeared after 2 months of avoiding a repeated trauma in that area. It seems that this is the only associated aetiological factor, and this entity is perhaps a consequence of certain postural habits. The repeated microtraumas would damage the fatty tissue giving rise to the histopathological findings described, which are compatible with traumatic panniculitis. In conclusion, repeated microtraumas may be the aetiological factor in these cutaneous lesions. Other data in favour of this hypothesis are the disappearance of the lesions after avoiding the mechanical trauma, the fact that there were other affected people at work, and that this factor has also been identified in the majority of cases reported previously.
Tumorous variant of scleromyxedema. Successful therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Wojas‐Pelc A , Błaszczyk M , Glińska M , Jabłońska S 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTWe present an unusual tumorous variety of scleromyxedema mimicking facies leonina in lymphoma. In spite of pronounced and widespread cutaneous changes, hypergammaglobulinaemia and paraproteinaemia, the general condition of the patient was satisfactory, there was no internal involvement and no symptoms of any malignancy. Initially, melphalan and corticosteroids were applied but were not effective. High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy had dramatic effect, and after five 5‐day monthly courses the tumours almost regressed and the skin became less hard. After a further five courses in the following year there was complete clearance, which was sustained without any therapy for 1 year (until now). IVIG appears to be the therapy of choice for scleromyxedema. We stress, however, that at the start of therapy, IVIG applications should be supplemented with small doses of melphalan and/or corticosteroids.
Vesiculous prurigo pigmentosa in a 13‐year‐old girl: good response to isotretinoin
Authors: Requena Caballero C , Nagore E , Sanmartín O , Botella‐Estrada R , Serra C , Guillén C 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTPrurigo pigmentosa is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown origin, first reported from Japan, with only 33 cases described in non‐Japanese patients. We describe a 13‐year‐old girl with a pruriginous symmetrical eruption of papules and vesicles affecting her back, neck and chest of 1 month duration. She remembered a similar, but lighter eruption, 2 months before. As the initial diagnosis was of a vesiculobullous form of Darier disease, treatment with isotretinoin 40 mg/day was started with good response. Histological study showed a superficial perivascular and interstitial dermatitis composed predominantly of lymphocytes. The epidermis was spongiotic, with exocytosis of lymphocytes and some neutrophils and necrotic keratinocytes. All these findings were consistent with prurigo pigmentosa. The lesions resolved leaving a light brown reticulate hyperpigmentation. Prurigo pigmentosa has never been reported in prepubescent patients, the vesiculobullous forms are unusual, and the only treatments used previously are sulphonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides. We report a 13‐year‐old Caucasian girl with vesiculobullous prurigo pigmentosa successfully treated with isotretinoin.
Adamantiades–Behçet's disease, deep venous thrombosis and anticardiolipin antibodies: report of two cases
Authors: Kandolf‐Sekulovic L , Pavlovic MD , Glisic B , Petronijevic M , Ristic G , Mijuškovic Ž , Zecevic RD , Stefanovic D 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTVascular thrombosis was found in different proportions of patients with Adamantiades–Behçet's disease (ABD), depending on the ethnicity of the population under study. Various thrombophilic factors, including the levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), were investigated for their role in the thrombotic process with conflicting results. The prevalence of ACA varies considerably in different studies, but their presence has not been associated with increased risk for vascular thrombosis. We present two cases with ABD, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and elevated levels of ACA that fulfil the criteria for both ABD and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
α1‐Antitrypsin deficiency‐associated panniculitis: case report and review of treatment options
Authors: Ortiz PG , Skov BG , Benfeldt E 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTα1‐Antitrypsin deficiency, a relatively frequent mutation in the population, is associated with the development of panlobular emphysema and liver cirrhosis. The deficiency is in rare cases associated with the development of panniculitis, and very differentiated clinical courses have been reported in the literature. We report a case of panniculitis in a patient with α1‐antitrypsin deficiency and describe briefly the pathophysiology of the disease and current treatment possibilities.