bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ti-substitution mechanism in plutonic oxy-kaersutite from the Larvik alkaline complex, Oslo rift, Norway
Authors: Satoh H. , Yamaguchi Y. , Makino K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAmphibole in the Larvik alkaline plutonic complex in the Oslo rift, Norway, has Ti-rich compositions from edenite through pargasite to kaersutite, and has a large H+ deficiency (0.7–1.1 atoms per formula unit: a.p.f.u.) with a large oxy component in the amphibole OH– site (O2– = 2 – (OH + F + Cl) = 0.2–0.9 a.p.f.u.), similar to the mantle-derived kaersutites. Their compositions reveal a characteristically low Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+) ratio (<0.23) and a high F concentration (0.3–0.9 a.p.f.u.). Correlation with the Fe3+ ratio caused by Fe2+ + OH– = Fe3+ + O2– + 1/2H2 substitution is negligible, which is supported by H and O isotope compositions. A possible substitution, [6]Al3+ + OH– = [6]Ti4+ + O2– may be operative for Larvik kaersutites when the O2–/Ti is 1.0. A relatively larger O2–/Ti ratio (1.2—2.0) suggests an another kaersutite substitution mechanism, [6]R2+ + 2OH– = [6]Ti4+ + 2O2–, where [6]R2+ = Fe2+ + Mg + Mn. These effects might result in the limited O2–/Ti ratio value from 1.0 to 2.0.A negative correlation between Ti and F, suggesting F incorporation into kaersutite may diminish the O2–/Ti ratio, not only due to the occupation of this non-oxy species in the O3 site, but also due to F—Ti avoidance. Composition-dependent H and O isotope variations (δD = –106 to –71% and δ18O = 4.6–5.2%) suggest equilibrium in the closed-system magma with differentiation. The mineral chemistry of Larvik oxy-kaersutitic amphibole could reflect the crystallization in a closed-system magma during rifting with passive crustal thinning at the Oslo palaeorift.
Gemcitabine and ISIS-2503 for Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase II Trial
Authors: Alberts Steven R. , Schroeder Mark , Erlichman Charles , Steen Preston D. , Foster Nathan R. , Moore Dennis F. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Nair Suresh , Tschetter Loren K. , Fitch Tom R. 
Published: December 2004

Purpose Gemcitabine remains the standard therapy for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ACA), but has limited activity. ISIS-2503 is an antisense compound directed against H-ras with preclinical activity against pancreatic ACA in tumor models. The combination of ISIS-2503 and gemcitabine has been evaluated in a prior phase I study. Methods Patients with metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic ACA not amenable to surgery or local radiation received gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8 and ISIS-2503 6 mg/kg/d as a continuous intravenous infusion over 14 days of an every-3-weeks cycle. Responses were monitored by radiologic imaging every 6 weeks. Results Forty-eight eligible patients were enrolled, 43 with metastatic disease. Median follow-up was 12.6 months (range, 2.2 to 16.8 months) for living patients. A median of four cycles of treatment was given (range, 1 to 18 cycles). All patients were assessable for response and toxicity. The 6-month survival percentage was 57.5% (95% CI, 44.9% to 73.5%) and the median survival was 6.6 months. The response rate was 10.4% (one complete response, four partial responses). Clinically significant toxicity was limited except for one fatal pulmonary embolism. Conclusion This study shows a promising response rate to the combination of gemcitabine and ISIS-2503 in patients with pancreatic ACA. The observed 6-month survival rate in these patients met our protocol-defined criteria for success. This regimen is tolerable, but is of unclear benefit. Additional studies evaluating the role of gemcitabine and ISIS-2503 in the treatment of pancreatic ACA should be considered.
Pain Education for Underserved Minority Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Anderson Karen O. , Mendoza Tito R. , Payne Richard , Valero Vicente , Palos Guadalupe R. , Nazario Arlene , Richman Stephen P. , Hurley Judith , Gning Ibrahima , Lynch Garrett R. , Kalish Dorianne , Cleeland Charles S. 
Published: December 2004

Purpose Previous studies found that African American and Hispanic cancer patients are at risk for undertreatment of pain. We evaluated the efficacy of a pain education intervention for underserved minority patients. Patients and Methods Ninety-seven underserved African American and Hispanic outpatients with cancer-related pain were enrolled onto a randomized clinical trial of pain management education. The patients in the education group received a culture-specific video and booklet on pain management. The control group received a video and booklet on nutrition. A research nurse met with each patient to review the materials. We measured changes in pain intensity and pain-related interference 2 to 10 weeks after the intervention, as well as changes in quality of life, perceived pain control, functional status, analgesics, and physician pain assessments. Results Physicians underestimated baseline pain intensity and provided inadequate analgesics for more than 50% of the sample. Although the ratings for pain intensity and pain interference decreased over time for both groups, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. Pain education did not affect quality of life, perceived pain control, or functional status. African American patients in the education but not the control group reported a significant decrease in pain worst ratings from baseline to first follow-up (P < .01), although this decrease was not maintained at subsequent assessments. Conclusion Brief education had limited impact on pain outcomes for underserved minority patients, suggesting that more intensive education for patients and interventions for physicians are needed.
Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect
Authors: Lee Hau L. , Padmanabhan V. , Whang Seungjin 
Published: December 2004

(This article originally appeared in Management Science, April 1997, Volume 43, Number 4, pp. 546–558, published by The Institute of Management Sciences.) Consider a series of companies in a supply chain, each of whom orders from its immediate upstream member. In this setting, inbound orders from a downstream member serve as a valuable informational input to upstream production and inventory decisions. This paper claims that the information transferred in the form of “orders” tends to be distorted and can misguide upstream members in their inventory and production decisions. In particular, the variance of orders may be larger than that of sales, and distortion tends to increase as one moves upstream—a phenomenon termed “bullwhip effect.” This paper analyzes four sources of the bullwhip effect: demand signal processing, rationing game, order batching, and price variations. Actions that can be taken to mitigate the detrimental impact of this distortion are also discussed.
Comments on “Models and Managers: The Concept of a Decision Calculus”
Authors: Little John D. C. 
Published: December 2004

Managerial models for practice have undergone remarkable growth in the past 50 years. My paper on decision calculus, published in 1970, was both a progress report and a prescription for improvement. This commentary describes why I wrote the paper, my perception of why it has been considered influential, and a brief overview of what has happened since. The overview starts by tracing the trends and ideas of the 1960s into the 1970s. The 1970s blend easily into the era of decision support systems (DSS). Starting late in the decade and still continuing, DSSs have evolved rapidly due to an explosion of data, increased computer power, and advances in modeling methods. I review highlights of this evolution from the point of view of managerial models, giving special emphasis to marketing, since that has been my window on this world. The good news is that more managers than ever are using models. The bad news is that many managers do not even realize they are using models! (But we should ask whether this is really bad.) The commentary concludes with thoughts about the future of managerial models. The selection of my paper as one of the most influential in the first 50 years of Management Science was a significant honor for which I am grateful. I take it as an indication by the members of INFORMS of the importance to our field of the issues addressed.
Power, Measure, and Technology: Some Tales of Gender, Engineering, and the Cooperative Workplace/Women Changing Work/Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant
Authors: Hochwald Eve 
Published: December 2004

Sally Hacker. Power, Measure, and Technology: Some Tales of Gender, Engineering, and the Cooperative Workplace. Boston, Unwin Hyman, 1989.Patricia Lunneborg. Women Changing Work. New York, Bergin and Garvey, 1990.Greta Foff Paules. Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in. New Jersey Restaurant Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1991.
Book Reviews
Authors: Applebaum Herbert , Simon Scott , Marshall Robert C. 
Published: December 2004

Lilies of the Field: Marginal People Who Live for the Moment. Sophie Day. Evthymios Papataxiarchis, Michael Stewart, eds. Boulder, CO: Westvjew Press, 1999.Other Modernities: Gendered Yearnings in China After Socialism. Lisa Rofel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.Japanese Working Class Lives: An Ethnographic Study of Factory Workers. James E. Roberson. London and New York: Routledge, 1998.
Rural Resistence to Globalization and Agricultural Change
Authors: Rhoads Russell 
Published: December 2004

Progress, Hunger and Envy: Commercial Agriculture, Marketing and Social Transformation in the Venezuelan Andes, Monica Lindh de Montoya. Sweden: Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, 1996.The Force of Irony: Power in the Everyday Life of Mexican Tomato Workers, Gabriel Torres. New York: Berg, 1997.
Determinants of Infant Mortality in Rural Nepal
Authors: Sharma Khim , Subedi Janardan 
Published: December 2004

Infant Mortality in Nepal is among the highest in the world. Since the 1950s a number of studies have examined the causes of infant mortality in Nepal. This study attempts to identify the causes of infant mortality using a comprehensive approach. In other words, this study incorporates biological, socio‐economic, behavioral, psychological, environmental, and health care factors to provide a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of infant mortality.Data for the study was collected in the Fall of 1987 and were based on interviews with 621 mothers who gave birth between April 15,1984 and April 14,1986 in twenty‐six randomly selected villages in Deokhari Valley, Western Nepal.The results indicate that biological factors are the intermediate or proximate variables through which all other variables operate to affect infant mortality. The study concludes by stressing the need for a comprehensive approach in health care services that emphasize both the curative as well as preventive aspects.
The Sculpture of Indonesia; Court Arts of Indonesia
Authors: Bronson Bennet 
Published: December 2004

The Sculpture of Indonesia. National Gallery of Art, Washington (July 1‐November 4, 1990); Houston Museum of Fine Arts (December 9, 1990‐March 17, 1991); Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (April 21‐August 18, 1991); Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (September 28, 1991‐January 5, 1992).Court Arts of Indonesia. Asia Society, New York (September 19‐December 16, 1990); Dallas Museum of Art (February 10‐April 7, 1991); Sadder Gallery, Washington (May 19‐September 2, 1991); Los Angeles County Natural History Museum (October 9, 1991‐January 5, 1992).
A QM/MM Study of the Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Terminal Aliphatic n‐Alkenes with OsO4⋅(DHQD)2PYDZ: Enantioselectivity as a Function of Chain Length
Authors: Drudis‐Solé Galí , Ujaque Gregori , Maseras Feliu , Lledós Agustí 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe dihydroxylation of terminal aliphatic n‐alkenes catalyzed by OsO4⋅(DHQD)2PYDZ ((DHQD)2PYDZ=bis(dihydroquinidine)pyridazine) has been computationally studied by the hybrid QM/MM IMOMM(Becke3LYP:MM3) method. The cases of propene, 1‐butene, 1‐pentene, 1‐hexene, 1‐heptene, 1‐octene, 1‐nonene, and 1‐decene have been considered. A systematic treatment for the large number of possible conformations of the longer chain alkenes has been defined and applied, leading to the selection of approximately 1700 conformations to be computed. The IMOMM calculations of the transition states formed between these conformations and the catalyst generate enantiomeric excesses that closely resemble the experimental data of related systems, specifically in the preference for the R isomer and in its dependence on the chain length of the substrate. The selectivity increases sharply with the elongation of the short‐chain alkenes until a ceiling value is reached, with further elongations having little effect on the enantiomeric excess (ee). These results are rationalized through the partitioning of the total energy of selected conformers, a process that leads to the identification of the most relevant regions of the catalyst and the characterization of the interactions critical for selectivity.
Synthetic and Theoretical Study of the Incorporation of Metal Halides in [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐NH)}3(μ3‐N)]
Authors: García‐Castro María , Gracia José , Martín Avelino , Mena Miguel , Poblet Josep‐M. , Sarasa José Pedro , Yélamos Carlos 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe capacity of the imido‐nitrido organometallic ligand [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐NH)}3(μ3‐N)] (1) to entrap main group metal halides MXn has been investigated. Treatment of 1 with metal halides in toluene or dichloromethane afforded several soluble adducts [MXn(L)] (L=1) in good yields. The reaction of 1 with one equivalent of Group 1 and 13 monohalides MX afforded single cube‐type complexes [XM{(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}] (M=Li, X=Br (2), I (3); M=Na, X=I (4); M=In, X=I (5); M=Tl, X=I (6)). Analogous treatment of 1 with Group 2 and 14 dihalides MX2 gave the corresponding adducts [I2M{(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}] (M=Mg (7), Ca (8), Sr (9)) and [Cl2M{(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}] (M=Sn (10), Pb (11)). The treatment of 1 with SnI2 or the reaction of 10 with MeI at 60 °C afforded two azametallocubane units linked by two bridging iodine atoms [{ISn(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}2(μ‐I)2] (12). Indium triiodide reacted with 1 in toluene to form the adduct [I3In(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)] (13). Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to study these processes and evaluate the influence of the solvent. X‐ray crystal structure determinations have been performed for complexes 10, 12, and 13.
An Expedient Synthesis of the Repeating Unit of the Acidic Polysaccharide of the Bacteriolytic Complex of Lysoamidase
Authors: Litjens Remy E. J. N. , den Heeten René , Timmer Mattie S. M. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe first synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the acidic polysaccharide of the bacteriolytic complex of lysoamidase is presented. The construction is based on a linear glycosylation strategy that starts from the reducing end and employs thio‐ and selenoglycosides in a highly stereoselective manner by a single set of activation conditions. The thus‐formed trisaccharide is selectively deprotected and oxidised, after which a final deprotection step furnishes the desired repeating unit.
Estimating the optimal external‐beam radiotherapy utilization rate for genitourinary malignancies
Authors: Delaney Geoff , Jacob Susannah , Barton Michael 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenchmark radiotherapy utilization rates for genitourinary malignancies are largely unknown, despite the finding that genitourinary cancers comprise approximately 19% of all registered malignancies in Australia.METHODSTo develop an evidence‐based benchmark of the optimal proportion of patients with genitourinary malignancies who should receive at least one course of radiotherapy at some time during their illness, the authors studied treatment guidelines and treatment reviews regarding genitourinary malignancies. Optimal radiotherapy utilization trees were constructed to show the clinical attributes that indicated possible benefit from radiotherapy based on evidence. Epidemiologic incidence data for each of these clinical attributes were obtained to calculate the optimal proportion of all patients with genitourinary cancer for whom radiotherapy was considered appropriate.RESULTSThe proportion of patients with genitourinary malignancies for whom radiotherapy was indicated at some point in their illness, according to the best available evidence, was estimated to be 27% of patients with renal cancer, 58% of patients with bladder cancer, 60% of patients with prostate cancer, and 49% of patients with testicular cancer. The occurrence of ureteric and penile cancers among patients was too rare, and, therefore, these patients were not included in the current study.CONCLUSIONSThere was a large discrepancy between actual radiotherapy utilization and the evidence‐based optimal rate. The authors recommended strategies to implement the evidence‐based guidelines. Evidence‐based benchmarks for radiotherapy utilization rates such as the ones described in the current study were important in the evaluation of the appropriate use of radiotherapy. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Mammographic screening reduces risk of breast carcinoma recurrence
Authors: Immonen‐Räihä Pirjo , Kauhava Lea , Parvinen Ilmo , Holli Kaija , Kronqvist Pauliina , Pylkkänen Liisa , Helenius Hans , Kaljonen Anne , Räsänen Osmo , Klemi Pekka J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current report is a long‐term evaluation of breast carcinoma recurrence, factors predicting recurrence, and postrecurrence prognosis in relation to patients' use of service screening, which has been provided in Turku, Finland, since 1987 for women ages 40–74 years.METHODSThe current study included 527 invasive breast carcinomas: 418 in the screening group (which included screen‐detected and interval malignancies) and 109 in the nonscreening group (which included breast carcinomas detected before initial screening and those detected in patients who chose not to undergo screening). These breast carcinomas were diagnosed among women ages 40–74 years between 1987 and 1993, with follow‐up extending until the end of 2001.RESULTSIn the screening group, the risk of recurrence was only approximately half of the corresponding risk in the nonscreening group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.83; P = 0.003). Five years after the primary diagnosis, 16% of patients in the screening group and 28% of patients in the nonscreening group (P = 0.001) had experienced recurrence; 10 years after diagnosis, the corresponding rates were 21% and 34%, respectively (P = 0.001). Postrecurrence prognosis was comparable for both detection groups (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.70–1.94; P = 0.551), with approximately half of all patients dying of disease 5 years after recurrence. Detection of breast carcinoma via a method other than mammographic screening was associated with a high risk of recurrence on univariate analysis. On Cox multivariate analysis, risk factors for recurrence included lobular histologic type (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.44–3.48; P < 0.001), poor histologic grade (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.20–3.39; P = 0.008), and large tumor size (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.07–2.37; P = 0.021).CONCLUSIONSLong‐term data from a population‐based program demonstrated that mammographic screening reduced patients' risk of breast carcinoma recurrence. Specifically, the risk for patients with screen‐detected disease was only approximately half of the risk for patients with non‐screen‐detected disease. Nonetheless, postrecurrence prognosis was comparable for patients in both detection groups. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Loss of function of p16 gene and prognosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Wang Daye , Morishita Yukio , Inadome Yukinori , Minami Yuko , Iijima Tatsuo , Fukai Shimao , Goya Tomoyuki , Noguchi Masayuki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDStepwise progression of peripheral‐type lung adenocarcinoma was characterized morphologically and was related to prognosis. Expression of the tumor suppressor gene p16 in pulmonary adenocarcinoma decreased, mainly as a result of aberrant methylation of the CpG islands of the promoter region.METHODSAberrant methylation status of the p16 promoter region, the expression of its product, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 9p21 were examined in surgically resected lung specimens from 57 patients (28 males and 29 females) with peripheral‐type lung adenocarcinoma measuring ≤ 2 cm in diameter.RESULTSAberrant methylation of the p16 promoter region, negative p16 protein expression, and LOH of the 9p21 region were detected in 40.4%, 50.9%, and 40.4% of tumor samples, respectively. The alterations of the p16 gene were associated with poor prognosis, and in particular the prognosis of patients with aberrant p16 methylation was significantly worse than that of patients without aberrant methylation. These alterations also were associated with morphologic classification into bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and non‐BAC adenocarcinoma. Both aberrant methylation and LOH of 9p21 were associated with negative protein expression, but the former was correlated more closely with loss of function than was the latter. Cases with both alterations were completely negative for expression of the p16 gene product.CONCLUSIONSAberrant methylation of the promoter region of the p16 gene and loss of expression of its product were in accord with the multistep progression of peripheral‐type lung adenocarcinoma, and these alterations were associated closely with poor prognosis of the disease. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Quantifying the complexity of chaos in multibasin multidimensional dynamics of molecular systems
Authors: Nerukh Dmitry , Karvounis George , Glen Robert C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe simulated classical dynamics of a small molecule exhibiting self‐organizing behavior via a fast transition between two states is analyzed by calculation of the statistical complexity of the system. It is shown that the complexity of molecular descriptors such as atom coordinates and dihedral angles have different values before and after the transition. This provides a new tool to identify metastable states during molecular self‐organization. The highly concerted collective motion of the molecule is revealed. Low‐dimensional subspaces dynamics is found sensitive to the processes in the whole, high‐dimensional phase space of the system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 40‐46, 2004