bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Analysis of Tactics in Soccer: The Case of Throw-ins
Authors: Epasinghege Dona Nirodha , Swartz Tim B 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccepted by: Phil ScarfThis paper investigates optimal target locations for throw-ins in soccer. The investigation is facilitated by the use of tracking data which provide the positioning of players measured at frequent intervals (i.e. 10 times per second). The methods for the investigation are necessarily causal since there are confounding variables that impact both the throw-in location and the result of the throw-in. A simple causal analysis indicates that on average, backwards throw-ins are beneficial and lead to an extra two shots per 100 throw-ins. We also observe that there is a benefit to long throw-ins where on average, they result in roughly four more shots per 100 throw-ins. These results are corroborated by a more complex causal analysis that relies on the spatial structure of throw-ins.
Syphilis Prevalence, Incidence, and Demographic Differences in a Longitudinal Study of Young Sexual and Gender Minority Adults Assigned Male at Birth
Authors: Xavier Hall Casey D , Ryan Daniel , Hayford Christina , Morgan Ethan , Tabidze Irina , D’Aquila Richard , Mustanski Brian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Syphilis rates in the United States have increased. Few studies have examined syphilis incidence and prevalence prospectively among young sexual and gender minorities (YSGM).

Methods
This study of YSGM assigned male at birth comes from a Chicago-based prospective cohort at 2 visits 6 months apart (N = 882). Syphilis cases were identified through serologic test results and self-reported history.

Results
In this sample, 25.1% had a lifetime prevalence, and 3.3% were incident cases with a crude incidence rate of 6.76 per 100 person-years.

Conclusions
Lifetime syphilis and incidence are high in this sample of YSGM relative to general population samples.
Economic status as the predictor of dengue awareness among local residents of Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Elia-Amira Nur Mohd Roslin , Chen Chee Dhang , Low Van Lun , Lau Koon Weng , Haziqah-Rashid Amirah , Amelia-Yap Zheng Hua , Chew Fong Peng , Sofian-Azirun Mohd 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding dengue and its prevention among local residents in all five divisions of Sabah, Malaysia. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,000 residents aged 18 years and above. The results revealed that less than one-tenth of the respondents scored high in knowledge (9.6%), while more than half scored high in attitude (64.6%), and less than one-fifth (15.6%) scored high in dengue prevention practices. Economic factors (monthly salary and occupation) were the final independent predictors in all KAP domains. KAP parameters were correlated with each other, but wide gaps between the scores implied that a positive attitude was not translated into either high knowledge or practice scores. Therefore, it is imperative for the authorities to employ multifaceted approaches in future dengue awareness campaigns to increase all KAP domains, especially among those with lower economic status.
Use of clinical variables for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer
Authors: Ueno Yuta , Yoshida Emiko , Nojiri Shuko , Kato Tomoyasu , Ohtsu Takashi , Takeshita Toshiyuki , Suzuki Shunji , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kato Ken , Itoh Masayoshi , Notomi Tsuguto , Usui Kengo , Sozu Takashi , Terao Yasuhisa , Kawaji Hideya , Kato Hisamori 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer, and most patients are identified during early disease stages. Noninvasive evaluation of lymph node metastasis likely will improve the quality of clinical treatment, for example, by omitting unnecessary lymphadenectomy.

Methods
The study population comprised 611 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent lymphadenectomy at four types of institutions, comprising seven hospitals in total. We systematically assessed the association of 18 preoperative clinical variables with postoperative lymph node metastasis. We then constructed statistical models for preoperative lymph node metastasis prediction and assessed their performance with a previously proposed system, in which the score was determined by counting the number of high-risk variables among the four predefined ones.

Results
Of the preoperative 18 variables evaluated, 10 were significantly associated with postoperative lymph node metastasis. A logistic regression model achieved an area under the curve of 0.85 in predicting lymph node metastasis; this value is significantly higher than that from the previous system (area under the curve, 0.74). When we set the false-negative rate to ~1%, the new predictive model increased the rate of true negatives to 21%, compared with 6.8% from the previous one. We also provide a spreadsheet-based tool for further evaluation of its ability to predict lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer.

Conclusions
Our new lymph node metastasis prediction method, which was based solely on preoperative clinical variables, performed significantly better than the previous method. Although additional evaluation is necessary for its clinical use, our noninvasive system may help improve the clinical treatment of endometrial cancer, complementing minimally invasive sentinel lymph node biopsy.
End-of-life walking ability in cancer patients with spinal metastases
Authors: Sawada Ryoko , Shinoda Yusuke , Ohki Takahiro , Ishibashi Yuki , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Tanaka Sakae , Haga Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Even terminal cancer patients desire to walk to the toilet by themselves until the very last day. This study aimed to describe the walking ability of patients with spinal metastases at the end-of-life stage and identify the factors affecting this ability.

Methods
Among 527 patients who first visited our multidisciplinary team for bone metastasis between 2013 and 2016, 56 patients who had spinal metastases with a Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score ≥7 and died during follow-up were included. We collected general clinical data, performance status, Frankel classification, epidural spinal cord compression scale and Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score at the first consultation. Patients’ last day of walking and date of death were also examined. Univariate analyses (chi-squared tests) were performed to identify the factors that impacted walking ability 30 and 14 days before patients’ death.

Results
A total of 56 patients were extracted, and 57.1% (32/56) and 32.7% (16/49) of patients were ambulatory 30 and 14 days before death, respectively. Their performance status (P = 0.0007), Frankel grade (P = 0.012) and epidural spinal cord compression grade (P = 0.006) at the first examination, and administration of bone modifying agents during follow-up period (P = 0.029) were significantly related to walking ability 30 days before death. Among ambulatory patients 30 days before death, those with Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score ≥10 (P = 0.005), especially with high scores of collapse (P = 0.002) and alignment (P = 0.002), were less likely to walk 14 days before death. The walking period in the last month of their life was significantly longer in patients with total Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score 7–9 (P = 0.009) and in patients without collapse (P = 0.040) by the Wilcoxon test.

Conclusion
The progression of spinal metastasis, especially neurological deficit, at the initial consultation were associated with walking ability 30 days before death, and spinal stability might be crucial for preserving walking ability during the last month. Early diagnosis and implementation of appropriate bone management might be important for the end-of-life walking ability.
Climate change and cancer: the Environmental Justice perspective
Authors: Nogueira Leticia M , Yabroff K Robin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite advances in cancer control—prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship—racial disparities in cancer incidence and survival persist and, in some cases, are widening in the United States. Since 2020, there’s been growing recognition of the role of structural racism, including structurally racist policies and practices, as the main factor contributing to historical and contemporary disparities. Structurally racist policies and practices have been present since the genesis of the United States and are also at the root of environmental injustices, which result in disproportionately high exposure to environmental hazards among communities targeted for marginalization, increased cancer risk, disruptions in access to care, and worsening health outcomes. In addition to widening cancer disparities, environmental injustices enable the development of polluting infrastructure, which contribute to detrimental health outcomes in the entire population, and to climate change, the most pressing public health challenge of our time. In this commentary, we describe the connections between climate change and cancer through an Environmental Justice perspective (defined as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of people of all racialized groups, nationalities, or income, in all aspects, including development, implementation, and enforcement, of policies and practices that affect the environment and public health), highlighting how the expertise developed in communities targeted for marginalization is crucial for addressing health disparities, tackling climate change, and advancing cancer control efforts for the entire population.
Trickle-Down Burdens: The Effect of Provider Burdens on Clients’ Experience
Authors: Zuber Katie , Strach Patricia , Pérez-Chiqués Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Administrative burden research disproportionately examines micro-level burdens on clients claiming benefits from public agencies. Yet we know little about meso-level burdens on third-party providers making up the submerged state—private actors working on behalf of a public purpose—and what effect these burdens have on services. We draw on interviews, participant observation, and focus groups with substance-use disorder service providers to map provider burdens and how they affect services that third parties offer. We supplement the provider perspective with data from clients and their families about their experience with services. We find that providers face significant administrative burdens resulting from federal and state policy; that these burdens affect the quality of the services they are able to offer; and, ultimately, that burdens on providers can trickle down to become burdens on clients. Our research has implications for how we understand administrative burdens, the solutions best suited to reducing them, and the role of burdens as a form of hidden politics in the submerged state.
Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets in Adolescents Living With HIV: Results Through Week 96 from IMPAACT 2014
Authors: Rungmaitree Supattra , Aurpibul Linda , Best Brookie M , Li Xiang , Warshaw Meredith G , Wan Hong , Tobin Nicole H , Jumes Patricia , Leavitt Randi , McCarthy Katie , Scheckter Rachel , Ounchanum Pradthana , Violari Avy , Teppler Hedy , Campbell Havilland , Krotje Chelsea , Townley Ellen , Moye Jack , Melvin Ann J ,   IMPAACT 2014 study team, Beck Justine , Sise Thucuma , Kapogiannis Bill G , George Kathleen , Morgan Patricia , Woolwine-Cunningham Yvonne , Leblanc Rebecca , Trabert Kathleen , Mendell Jeanne , Alvero Carmelita , Farhad Mona , Pasyar Sarah , Muresan Petronella , Patel Nehali , English Adrienne , Heince Ryan , Jones Sandra , Cooper Ellen , McLaud Debra , McFarland Elizabeth , Hays Shane Curran , Dunn Jennifer , Navarro Kacey , Robson Amanda , Ndiwani Hilda , Mathiba Ruth , Violari Avy , Ramsagar Nastassja , Chotirosniramit Nuntisa , Khamrong Chintana , Chantong Jiraporn , Srita Angkana , Cressey Tim R , Sukrakanchana Praornsuda , Kaewmamuang Kanyanee , Thaweesombat Yupawan , Vanprapar Nirun , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Kongstan Nantaka , Lermankul Watcharee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
IMPAACT 2014 study is a phase I/II, multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized study of doravirine (DOR) co-formulated with lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as fixed-dose combination (DOR FDC) in adolescents with HIV-1. We report the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of DOR FDC through 96 weeks.

Methods
Participants were adolescents aged 12 to &lt;18 years who weighed at least 45 kg and who were either antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve or virologically suppressed without documented resistance mutations to DOR/3TC/TDF. The efficacy endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA &lt;40 copies/mL assessed at weeks 48 and 96 using the observed failure approach. Safety and tolerability outcomes were incidence of adverse events (AEs) and treatment discontinuations.

Results
A total of 45 adolescents, median age 15 (range, 12–17) years, 58% females, were enrolled and 2 (4.4%) participants were ARV naïve. Of the 45 participants, 42 (93.3%) completed the study and 41 (91.1%) completed the study treatment. At week 48, 41/42 (97.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.4–99.9) and week 96, 37/40 (92.5%; 95% CI, 79.6–98.4) participants had achieved or maintained HIV-1 RNA &lt;40 copies/mL. There were no treatment-related discontinuations due to AEs and no drug-related AEs ≥grade 3 or deaths.

Conclusions
We found once-daily dosing of DOR FDC to be safe and well tolerated for maintaining viral suppression through 96 weeks in adolescents living with HIV-1.
The strength of correlation between female genital self-image and sexual function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alavi-Arjas Fatemeh , Goodman Michael P , Simbar Masoumeh , Alavi Majd Hamid , Nahidi Fatemeh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Mounting evidence indicates that female genital aesthetic complaints impact sexual relationships.

Aim
The study sought to determine the strength of the correlation between genital self-image and sexual function.

Methods
Electronic databases were comprehensively searched including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to December 2022. After duplicate removal, 146 articles were retrieved by searching keywords in titles and abstracts.

Outcomes
A positive correlation is noted between genital self-image and sexual function; the strength of this correlation was 0.375.

Results
By omitting irrelevant articles according to the eligibility criteria, 16 articles remained for a total of 13 505 participants. All but 1 of them indicated a statistically significant positive correlation between genital self-image and sexual function. For a more accurate result, a meta-analysis was conducted noting a considerable heterogeneity.

Clinical Implications
The results of this study may be used in counseling women with sexual dysfunction who are dissatisfied with their genital appearance.

Strengths and Limitations
This study is the first systematic review to reveal the strength of the correlation between genital self-image and sexual function. The most important limitation of this study is the heterogeneity of the studies reported.

Conclusion
This systematic review indicates a positive correlation between genital self-image and sexual function. The results are restricted by inconsistency of the articles considered. Using different tools in different cultural contexts without considering confounding factors leads to a wide range of correlation sizes and significant heterogeneity is evident.
Flavonols affect the interrelated glucosinolate and camalexin biosynthetic pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Naik Jogindra , Tyagi Shivi , Rajput Ruchika , Kumar Pawan , Pucker Boas , Bisht Naveen C , Misra Prashant , Stracke Ralf , Pandey Ashutosh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Flavonols are structurally and functionally diverse biomolecules involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, pollen development, and inhibition of auxin transport. However, their effects on global gene expression and signaling pathways are unclear. To explore the roles of flavonol metabolites in signaling, we performed comparative transcriptome and targeted metabolite profiling of seedlings from the flavonol-deficient Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutant flavonol synthase1 (fls1) with and without exogenous supplementation of flavonol derivatives (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin). RNA-seq results indicated that flavonols modulate various biological and metabolic pathways, with significant alterations in camalexin and aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis. Flavonols negatively regulated camalexin biosynthesis but appeared to promote the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates via transcription factor-mediated up-regulation of biosynthesis genes. Interestingly, upstream amino acid biosynthesis genes involved in methionine and tryptophan synthesis were altered under flavonol deficiency and exogenous supplementation. Quercetin treatment significantly up-regulated aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes compared with kaempferol and rutin. In addition, expression and metabolite analysis of the transparent testa7 mutant, which lacks hydroxylated flavonol derivatives, clarified the role of quercetin in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which flavonols interfere with signaling pathways, their molecular targets, and the multiple biological activities of flavonols in plants.
High-redshift metallicity calibrations for JWST spectra: insights from line emission in cosmological simulations
Authors: Hirschmann Michaela , Charlot Stephane , Somerville Rachel S 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Optical emission-line ratios are traditionally used to estimate gas metallicities from observed galaxy spectra. While such estimators have been calibrated primarily at low redshift, they are commonly used to interpret observations of high-redshift galaxies, where their applicability may be questioned. We use comprehensive emission-line catalogues of galaxies from the IllustrisTNG simulation including ionization by stars, active galactic nuclei, and shocks to reassess the calibrations of both optical and ultraviolet metallicity estimators at redshifts $0\lesssim z \lesssim 8$. For present-day galaxies, the predicted optical-line calibrations are consistent with previously published ones, while we find different ultraviolet-line ratios, such as He ii λ1640/C iii] λ1908, can provide powerful metallicity diagnostics. At fixed metallicity, most emission-line ratios are predicted to strongly increase or decrease with redshift (with the notable exception of N2O2 = [N ii]λ6584/[O ii] λ3727), primarily because of a change in ionization parameter. The predicted dependence of R3 = [O iii]λ5007/H β and R23 = ([O ii] λ3727 + [O iii]λ5007)/H β, and to a slightly lesser extent R2 = [O ii] λ3727/H β and O32 = [O iii]λ5007/[O ii] λ3727, on O abundance for galaxies at z = 4–8 agrees remarkably well with Te-based measurements in 14 galaxies observed with JWST. This success motivates us to provide new calibrations of optical and ultraviolet metallicity estimators specifically designed for galaxies at z &gt; 4, to guide interpretations of future, high-redshift spectroscopic surveys. We further demonstrate that applying classical z = 0 calibrations to high-redshift galaxies can bias oxygen abundance estimates downward by up to 1 dex, leading to the inference of stronger evolution of the mass–metallicity relation than is actually occurring.
Much ado about no offset – characterizing the anomalous multiple-image configuration and the model-driven displacement between light and mass in the multiplane strong lens Abell 3827
Authors: Lin Joyce , Wagner Jenny , Griffiths Richard E 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Abell 3827 is a unique galaxy cluster with a dry merger in its core causing a highly resolved multiple-image configuration of a blue spiral galaxy at zs = 1.24. The surface brightness profiles of four merging galaxies around zd = 0.099 complicate a clear identification of the number of images and finding corresponding small-scale features across them. The entailed controversies about offsets between luminous and dark matter have never been settled and dark matter characteristics in tension with bounds from complementary probes and simulations seemed necessary to explain this multiple-image configuration. We resolve these issues with a systematic study of possible feature matchings across all images and their impact on the reconstructed mass density distribution. From the local lens properties directly constrained by these feature matchings without imposing any global lens model, we conclude that none of them are consistent with expected local characteristics from standard single-lens-plane lensing, nor can they be motivated by the light distribution in the cluster. Inspecting complementary spectroscopic data, we show that all these results originate from an insufficient constraining power of the data and seem to hint at a thick lens and not at exotic forms of dark matter or modified gravity. If the thick-lens hypothesis can be corroborated with follow-up multiplane lens modelling, A3827 suffers from a full three-dimensional degeneracy in the distribution of dark matter because combinations of shearings and scalings in a single lens plane can also be represented by an effective shearing and a rotation caused by multiple lens planes.
TOI-5126: a hot super-Neptune and warm Neptune pair discovered by TESS and CHEOPS
Authors: Fairnington Tyler R , Nabbie Emma , Huang Chelsea X , Zhou George , Foo Orion , Millholland Sarah , Wright Duncan , Belinski Alexandre A , Bieryla Allyson , Ciardi David R , Collins Karen A , Collins Kevin I , Everett Mark , Howell Steve B , Lissauer Jack J , Lund Michael B , Murgas Felipe , Palle Enric , Quinn Samuel N , Relles Howard M , Safonov Boris S , Schwarz Richard P , Scott Nicholas J , Srdoc Gregor , Ricker George , Vanderspek Roland , Seager Sara , Latham David W , Winn Joshua W , Jenkins Jon M , Bouma Luke G , Shporer Avi , Ting Eric B , Dragomir Diana , Kunimoto Michelle , Eisner Nora L 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the confirmation of a hot super-Neptune with an exterior Neptune companion orbiting a bright (V = 10.1 mag) F-dwarf identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The two planets, observed in sectors 45, 46, and 48 of the TESS extended mission, are $4.74_{-0.14}^{+0.16}$ and $3.86_{-0.16}^{+0.17}$ R⊕ with $5.4588385_{-0.0000072}^{+0.0000070}$ and $17.8999_{-0.0013}^{+0.0018}$ d orbital periods, respectively. We also obtained precise space-based photometric follow-up of the system with ESA’s CHaracterising ExOplanets Satellite to constrain the radius and ephemeris of TOI-5126 b. TOI-5126 b is located in the ‘hot Neptune Desert’ and is an ideal candidate for follow-up transmission spectroscopy due to its high-predicted equilibrium temperature (Teq = ${1442}_{-40}^{+46}$ K) implying a cloud-free atmosphere. TOI-5126 c is a warm Neptune (Teq = $971_{-27}^{+31}$ K) also suitable for follow-up. Tentative transit timing variations have also been identified in analysis, suggesting the presence of at least one additional planet, however this signal may be caused by spot-crossing events, necessitating further precise photometric follow-up to confirm these signals.