bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the rat temporomandibular joint
Authors: Yamada Kazuho , Nozawa‐Inoue Kayoko , Kawano Yoshiro , Kohno Shoji , Amizuka Norio , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNumerous epidemiological studies have pointed out a higher frequency of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in women than in men, which indicates the involvement of a sex hormone, such as estrogen, in the pathogenesis of TMD. Although estrogen is known to play pivotal roles in osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis in systemic joints, there have been few reports about the role of estrogen in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The effect of estrogen is generally mediated by the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα (the predominant type) and ERβ. In this study we examined the expression of ERα protein and mRNA in the TMJ of adult male rats by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry. Intense ERα immunoreactivity was localized in the synovial lining cells, stromal cells in the articular disc, and chondrocytes in the TMJ. These ERα‐immunopositive synovial lining cells are characteristic of cytoplasmic processes identified with confocal and immunoelectron microscopy, which indicates that they are synovial type B cells. In situ hybridization histochemistry confirmed intense signals for ERα in the synovial lining cells and the sublining fibroblasts at mRNA levels. The nuclei of chondrocytes showed an intense immunoreaction for ERα in the maturative and hypertrophic layers of the articular cartilage. In addition to the nuclear localization of ERα, a weak immunoreaction appeared in the cytoplasm of some ERα‐positive cells. These findings support the hypothesis that TMJ tissue—at least in the male rat—has the potential to be an estrogen target tissue. Anat Rec Part A 274A:934–941, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of glycoconjugates during cochlea development in mice: Light microscopic lectin study
Authors: Rueda Joaquin , Cantos Raquel , Lim David J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDuring development, different epithelial cells in the mouse cochlea express different cell surface glycoconjugates, which may reflect membrane specialization. Some of the lectins tested in this study (SBA, succ‐WGA, and PSA) labeled the sensory cells of the cochlea around birth. Other lectins (WGA, Con A, RCA‐II, and PHA‐E) labeled surfaces of the sensory cells, particularly the stereocilia, from early stages of development (gestation day (GD) 16) through 21 days after birth. These may be adhesion molecules needed to attach the newly forming tectorial membrane (TM) to the stereocilia. Lectin staining of the developing TM revealed that the substructures of the TM are biochemically distinct. Lectin staining also showed the temporal sequence of the expression of cytoplasmic glycoconjugates of the cochlear epithelium during development. Biochemical changes during development are probably the result of different cells being involved in the production of glycoconjugates, and may have functional significance, specifically with regard to the expression of adhesion and/or signaling molecules. Anat Rec Part A 274A:923–933, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and maturation of cardiac myocytes in fetal sheep in the second half of gestation
Authors: Burrell Judith H. , Boyn Adrian M. , Kumarasamy Vasumathy , Hsieh Albert , Head Stewart I. , Lumbers Eugenie R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractRight (RVFW) and left (LVFW) ventricular free wall cardiac myocytes were collected from 25 fetal sheep aged 77–146 days gestation (term = 150 days gestation), six saline‐infused catheterized fetal sheep (129 GD), and five lambs to measure gestational changes in uni‐ and binucleated cardiac myocyte numbers and cell volumes by confocal microscopy. At 77 days gestation, 2% of the myocytes were binucleated, which increased to 50% at 135 days gestation and 90% at 4–6 weeks after birth. RVFW uni‐ and binucleated myocytes were larger than those in the LVFW, and cell volumes of RVFW uni‐ and binucleated and LVFW binucleated myocytes (but not LVFW uninucleated myocytes) increased with gestation. Before birth, the approximate number of myocytes was greater in the LVFW than in the RVFW (P < 0.001). Before 110 GD, cardiac growth appeared to be due to myocyte hyperplasia, as approximate myocyte numbers and VFW weight increased at the same rate. After 110 days gestation, the approximate myocyte number/g VFW weight decreased, which suggests that myocyte hypertrophy, as well as hyperplasia, was occurring in association with the appearance of a greater proportion of binucleated cells after that time. By 4–6 weeks of age, there was marked hypertrophy of myocytes and an apparent reduction in myocyte number. Anat Rec Part A 274A:952–961, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic characterization of green fluorescent protein in embryonic, neonatal, and adult transgenic rats
Authors: Takeuchi Koichi , Sereemaspun Amornpan , Inagaki Takeshi , Hakamata Yoji , Kaneko Takashi , Murakami Takashi , Takahashi Masafumi , Kobayashi Eiji , Ookawara Shigeo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTransgenic (Tg) animals with reporter genes are useful models in which to study cell lineage and the process of differentiation into tissues. We developed the green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐Tg rat, which is more suitable for transplantation and stem cell research because it is larger than mice. We found that marker gene expression was dependent on each organ and developmental stage. In this study we describe GFP expression in various tissues from embryonic, neonatal, and adult animals. GFP expression in brain, lung, liver, and islet tissues was restricted to early developmental stages, but it was continuously strong in the exocrine pancreas, kidney, and cardiac and skeletal muscles. The CAG promoter that was presumed to induce ubiquitous protein expression might be responsible for the differences in expression. Anat Rec Part A 274A:883–886, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rescue of coronal suture fusion using transforming growth factor‐beta 3 (Tgf‐β3) in rabbits with delayed‐onset craniosynostosis
Authors: Lyn Chong Sherri , Mitchell Ronal , Moursi Amr M. , Winnard Phillip , Wolfgang Losken H. , Bradley James , Ozerdem Omer R. , Azari Kodi , Acarturk Oguz , Opperman Lynne A. , Siegel Michael I. , Mooney Mark P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCraniosynostosis results in cranial deformities and increased intracranial pressure, which pose extensive and recurrent surgical management problems. Developmental studies in rodents have shown that low levels of transforming growth factor‐β3 (Tgf‐β3) are associated with normal fusion of the interfrontal (IF) suture, and that Tgf‐β3 prevents IF suture fusion in a dose‐dependent fashion. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that Tgf‐β3 can also prevent or “rescue” fusing sutures in a rabbit model with familial craniosynostosis. One hundred coronal sutures from 50 rabbits with delayed‐onset, coronal suture synostosis were examined in the present study. The rabbits were divided into five groups of 10 rabbits each: 1) sham controls, 2) bovine serum albumin (BSA, 500 ng) low‐dose protein controls, 3) low‐dose Tgf‐β3 (500 ng), 4) high‐dose BSA (1,000 ng) controls, and 5) high‐dose Tgf‐β3 (1,000 ng). At 10 days of age, radiopaque amalgam markers were implanted in all of the rabbits on either side of the coronal suture to monitor sutural growth. At 25 days of age, the BSA or Tgf‐β3 was combined with a slow‐absorbing collagen vehicle and injected subperiosteally above the coronal suture. Radiographic results revealed that high‐dose Tgf‐β3 rabbits had significantly greater (P < 0.05) coronal suture marker separation than the other groups. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that high‐dose Tgf‐β3 rabbits also had patent coronal sutures and significantly (P < 0.01) greater sutural widths and areas than the other groups. The results suggest that there is a dose‐dependent effect of TGF‐β3 on suture morphology and area in these rabbits, and that the manipulation of such growth factors may have clinical applications in the treatment of craniosynostosis. Anat Rec Part A 274A:962–971, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Average bioequivalence of generic clarithromycin tablets in healthy thai male volunteers
Authors: Lohitnavy Ornrat , Lohitnavy Manupat , Sareekan Kannika , Polnok Sanglar , Taytiwat Prawit 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess bioequivalence of 500‐mg clarithromycin tablets in 24 healthy volunteers. In a randomized, single dose, fasting state, two‐period, crossover study design with a 1‐week washout period, each subject received a 500‐mg clarithromycin tablet. Plasma samples were collected over a 24‐h period after administration and were analyzed by using a validated method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. The time to reach the maximal concentration (tmax,h), the peak concentration (Cmax,ng/ml) and the area under the curve (AUC0–∞,ng h/ml) of the Reference and Test formulations were 2.1±0.7 vs 2.1±0.7, 2474±702 vs 2559±744 and 15803±6120 vs 17683±6650, respectively. Relative bioavailability was 1.12. The 90% confidence interval (90% CI) of Cmax and AUC0–∞ were 95.6–110.8% and 3.5–122.0%, respectively. Bioequivalence between the test and reference preparation can be concluded. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioavailability of modified‐release methylphenidate: influence of high‐fat breakfast when administered intact and when capsule content sprinkled on applesauce
Authors: Lee Lucy , Kepple Joanne , Wang Yibin , Freestone Stephen , Bakhtiar Ray , Wang Yanfeng , Hossain Mohammad 
Published: September 2003

AbstractRitalin®, an immediate release form of racemic methylphenidate hydrochloride, has been available in the USA since 1955 and is used for the treatment of ADHD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of modified‐release methylphenidate (highest single dose), Ritalin® LA, when administered under fasting condition, with a high‐fat breakfast, and when sprinkled on applesauce in healthy adult subjects. Blood samples were drawn for 24 h following a 40 mg oral administration. Most subjects appeared to produce a bimodal methylphenidate plasma concentration profile. In all three treatment groups, methylphenidate was rapidly absorbed with an initial average tmax(0–4) of 1.3–2.4 h and an average peak plasma concentration [Cmax(abs)] of 14.4–15.2 ng/ml. On average, both the rate [Cmax(abs) and tmax(abs)] and the extent of absorption (AUC0–∞) of methylphenidate were similar when the capsule was given with a high fat breakfast and when the capsule contents were sprinkled onto applesauce, compared with the fasting state. No dose dumping was observed when the capsule was given with a high fat breakfast or when sprinkled onto applesauce. The dose was safe and generally well tolerated. Coadministration of a single oral dose of 40 mg methylphenidate capsule whether administered intact with a high‐fat breakfast or sprinkled on applesauce did not affect the overall rate or extent of absorption of methylphenidate compared with the fasted condition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioequivalence evaluation of two brands of furosemide 40mg tablets (Salurin and Lasix) in healthy human volunteers
Authors: Najib Naji , Idkaidek Nasir , Beshtawi M. , Bader Mohammed , Admour Isra' , Alam S. Mahmood , Zaman Q. , Dham Ruwayda 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA randomized, two‐way, crossover, bioequivalence study was conducted in 24 fasting, healthy, male volunteers to compare two brands of furosemide 40 mg tablets, Salurin (Julphar, UAE) as test and Lasix (Hoechst AG, Germany) as reference product. The study was performed at the International Pharmaceutical Research Centre (IPRC), in a joint venture with Al‐Mowasah Hospital, Amman, Jordan. One tablet of either formulation was administered with 240 ml of water after a 10 h overnight fast. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 12 h. Plasma harvested from blood was analysed for furosemide by a validated HPLC method. Various pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC0–t, AUC0–∝, Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, and elimination rate constant were determined from plasma concentrations of both formulations. Statistical modules (ANOVA and 90% confidence intervals) were applied to AUC0–t, AUC0−∝, and Cmax to assess the bioequivalence of the two brands which revealed no significant difference between them, and 90% CI fell within the US FDA accepted bioequivalence range of 80%–125%. Based on these statistical inferences, Salurin was found to be bioequivalent to Lasix. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three vehicle formulations for melagatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, evaluated in a vena cava thrombosis model in the rat
Authors: Elg Margareta , Börjesson Inger , Carlsson Stefan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground—The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of a depot formulation would enhance the antithrombotic effect of the direct thrombin inhibitor melagatran.Methods and Results—In a rat venous thrombosis model, animals were openly randomized to receive subcutaneously (s.c.) either vehicle (saline, cyclodextrin or poloxamer) or melagatran (0.5 µ;mol/kg) dissolved in vehicle. An additional injection of cyclodextrin or poloxamer was given at another site to investigate whether the vehicle itself had any additional effect. All injections were given 30 min before induction of thrombus formation. Thrombus formation was induced by ferric chloride, together with stenosis of the caval vein, during a short period of inhalation anaesthesia. Five hours later the thrombi were harvested and their wet weight determined. Thrombus size was comparable across the vehicle‐only groups. The antithrombotic effects of melagatran in saline or poloxamer were comparable while melagatran in cyclodextrin was less effective. The effects of melagatran in saline, cyclodextrin or poloxamer were not enhanced by additional cyclodextrin or poloxamer. Thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) at the end of the experiment were prolonged to a greater extent in the groups receiving melagatran in cyclodextrin or poloxamer compared with those receiving melagatran in saline.Conclusion—In this vena cava thrombosis model, no enhanced antithrombotic effect was observed with melagatran given as a s.c. depot formulation in cyclodextrin or poloxamer compared with that in saline. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of 3‐n‐butylphthalide in rabbit plasma by HPLC with ﬂuorescence detection and its application in pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhao Chunshun , He Zhonggui , Cui Shengmiao , Zhang Ruhua 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and speciﬁc reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of 3‐n‐butylphthalide, a drug currently being developed for treatment of stroke, in rabbit plasma. Fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and an emission wavelength of 304 nm was used for quantiﬁcation of 3‐n‐butylphthalide. Ibuprofen was used as internal standard. Plasma samples were extracted with diethyl ether under acidic conditions. After evaporation of the organic phase, the extract was dissolved in mobile phase and injected into the chromatograph with C18 column and a mobile phase of 0.05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5)–acetonitrile (400:600). The peak area ratio vs concentration in plasma was linear over the range of 0.0212–4.24 µg/mL (correlation coefﬁcient r = 0.9984) and the limit of quantiﬁcation was 0.0212 µg/mL. Mean recovery was determined as 101.0% by analysis of plasma standard samples containing 0.0424, 0.424, 2.12 and 4.24 µg/mL of 3‐n‐butylphthalide. The intra‐day relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 3.6 to 8.9% and inter‐day RSDs were within 8.0%. Pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of 3‐n‐butylphthalide to the rabbits was presented to illustrate the applicability of this method. 3‐n‐Butylphthalide exhibited linear pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration to rabbits over the dose range 1–10 mg/kg. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Filtration mit kompressiblen Kuchen: Effiziente Konzeptefür eine anspruchsvolle Trennaufgabe
Authors: Alles C.M. , Anlauf H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDie Filtration mit kompressiblen Kuchen ist eine anspruchsvolle Trennaufgabe, die nicht selten für den Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Verfahrens ausschlaggebend ist. Methoden, die sich zur Prozessauslegung bei inkompressiblen Filterkuchen bewährt haben, können nicht ohne weiteres übernommen werden. Statt dessen sind neue Konzepte gefragt, die auf die Besonderheiten kompressiblen Materialverhaltens eingehen. In diesem Beitrag werden effiziente Prozessstrategien für die Filtration mit kompressiblen Kuchen vorgestellt. Dazu wurde ein physikalisch‐mathematisches Modell in eine Prozesssimulation umgesetzt, mit der bei minimiertem experimentellen Aufwand Haufwerksstrukturen und Trennergebnisse bei verschiedenen Betriebszuständen im Voraus berechnet werden können. Zur Bestimmung der erforderlichen Materialdaten sind standardisierte Versuchsmethoden an einer neuen Laborapparatur entwickelt worden.
Waschverfahren partikulär‐disperser Systeme – Verfahrensspektrum und Aspekte der Verfahrensauswahl
Authors: Hoffner B. , Fuchs B. , Heuser J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDie Waschung disperser Feststoffsysteme ist ein weit verbreiteter und komplexer Verfahrensschritt. Durch die Tatsache, dass er meist in andere Prozessoperationen eingebunden ist, unterliegt er vielfältigen Anforderungen, die deutlich über die primären Ansprüche eines hohen Abtrenngrades und niedrigen Waschflüssigkeitsbedarfs hinausgehen. Aufgrund der Wirkungsweise und Grenzen unterschiedlicher Waschverfahren ist die Auswahl eines geeigneten Waschverfahrens schwierig, da die dominierenden Wirkmechanismen z. T. nicht ausreichend bekannt sind. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über bestehende Waschverfahren, deren zahlreiche Einflussgrößen und über Anforderungen, die an sie gestellt werden. Eine Kategorisierung von Waschprozessen, zusammen mit der Einordnung der Verfahren hinsichtlich makroskopischer Transporteigenschaften, führt zur Entwicklung eines Bewertungsschemas, das bestehende Waschprozesse bewertet, vergleicht und Grenzen der einzelnen Verfahren aufzeigt. Die Arbeit dient als grober Leitfaden für die Auswahl eines geeigneten Waschverfahrens.
Kuchen bildende Filtration von Suspensionen und Filterberechnung
Authors: Nicolaou I. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBei der Kuchen bildenden Filtration von Suspensionen zielt man auf eine optimale Trennung der Feststoffteilchen von der Mutterflüssigkeit. Der durch eine Druckdifferenz gebildete Filterkuchen wird nach der Filtrationsphase entfeuchtet und eventuell vorher gewaschen. Wichtigste Zielgrößen bei der Beurteilung der Filterleistung sind der Feststoffdurchsatz, die Kuchenrestfeuchte und bei Kuchenwaschung der Restgehalt an Auszuwaschendem im Kuchen und die dafür erforderliche Waschflüssigkeitsmenge. Bedingt durch die komplexen Vorgänge bei der Kuchenbildung, ‐waschung und ‐entfeuchtung wird bei der Auslegung und Optimierung von Filterapparaten empirisch vorgegangen. Diese Vorgehensweise und deren Nachteile werden dargestellt. Anschließend werden praxisgerechte mathematische Modelle für alle Filtrationsphasen und deren Vorteile bei der Charakterisierung des Filtrationsverhaltens präsentiert. Schließlich wird an einem Beispiel die Vorgehensweise gezeigt, wie man auf der Basis weniger Versuche und der dargestellten Modelle eine Filterdimensionierung mit Hilfe eines innovativen Computerprogramms erhalten kann.
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor‐C level in patients with primary nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Tamura Masaya , Ohta Yasuhiko 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors measured circulating vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with primary nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and assessed its usefulness as a diagnostic tool for determining lymph node metastasis.METHODSNinety‐two patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and 58 patients with benign tumors of the lung were included in the current study, as well as 42 healthy control patients. Circulating VEGF‐C and VEGF levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSSerum VEGF‐C concentration was higher in patients with lung carcinoma than in patients with benign tumors or in healthy control patients. Patients with lymph node metastasis revealed higher serum VEGF‐C and VEGF concentrations than those without. The median level of VEGF‐C and VEGF according to lymphatic vessel invasion and venous invasion was higher in the group with invasion than in the group without. These differences were most significant among patients with VEGF‐C with lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.0066 vs. P = 0.026) and in patients with VEGF with venous invasion (P = 0.19 vs. P = 0.011). Serum VEGF‐C levels reached a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 72% with a cutoff value of 1756.0 pg/mL, whereas VEGF levels reached 68% sensitivity and 70% specificity at 327.8 pg/mL. If 92 patients were divided into 4 groups according to the combination of VEGF‐C and VEGF levels, the positive predictive value was 84.2%, the negative predictive value was 95.8%, and accuracy was 93.1%.CONCLUSIONSCirculating VEGF‐C levels may provide additional information for distinguishing between the absence and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with lung carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:1217–22. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11529
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma
Authors: Buchholz Thomas A. , Hunt Kelly K. , Whitman Gary J. , Sahin Aysegul A. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe majority of patients with breast carcinoma receive chemotherapy as a component of multimodality treatment. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly more common to deliver chemotherapy first, but this has raised new questions within all disciplines of cancer management.METHODSThe authors reviewed published studies on the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma on the practice of medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, and radiology.RESULTSTreating breast carcinoma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy has several advantages, such as providing the earliest possible treatment against preexisting micrometastases, offering selected patients breast conservation therapy, and allowing for measurement of disease response, which can then be used to customize subsequent chemotherapy. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy affects the practice not only of medical oncology, but also has important implications for the specialties of surgery, radiology, pathology, and radiation oncology. The current review addressed the new opportunities and challenges within the multidisciplinary care of breast carcinoma provided by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSThe complexity of the issues led the authors to conclude that patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy are likely to benefit from a coordinated multidisciplinary approach to their care. Cancer 2003;98:1150–60. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11603