bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musical Meaning: Romantic Transcendence and the Separability Principle
Authors: Goehr Lydia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a twist in the tale as to how music achieved its emancipation from the extra-musical and how it simultaneously found its new emphasis to be placed on works. Though for centuries musicians sought a status specifically for instrumental music dictated by external—religious and moral—principles, so that this music could be allied to other practices intrinsically embodying those principles, it achieved its respectable status only when it became emancipated.
Werktreue: Confirmation and Challenge in Contemporary Movements
Authors: Goehr Lydia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter weaves remaining threads together, but it does not reach a final conclusion. It is designed to leave readers sharing its author’s sense of wonder at how human practices come to be, succeed in being, and continue to be regulated by one set of ideals rather than another. Wonder can increase rather than be diminished despite a philosophical and historical understanding of these ideals. Often such understanding accentuates while it explains the peculiarity of human practices; hence, the limits of explanation. In the end I hope to leave readers with the specific feeling that speaking about music in terms of works is neither an obvious nor a necessary mode of speech, despite the lack of ability we presently seem to have to speak about music in any other way.
Introduction
Authors: Pasler Jann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My mother had a special touch for Debussy and Chopin, and I would lie under the instrument, listening to her play for hours. My father liked to crank Russian music as loud as we could tolerate through theater-sized McIntosh speakers. I still remember dancing around the room to the Firebird suite and Peter and the Wolf. Listening was exhilarating and acutely sensual, whether the delicate arabesques of the piano or the powerful, all-enveloping universe of the orchestra. Of course, I played piano as soon as they would let me, later becoming a serious interpreter of twentieth-century repertoire. But growing up in post-Sputnik America, I learned to view music as secondary to more substantial pursuits, and so, in college, I majored in math.
1.Narrative and Narratively in Music
Authors: Pasler Jann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beginning in the 1980s, the number of contemporary operas increased dramatically by comparison with the rest of the twentieth century, and the diversity of styles ranges across the entire field of musical thought. For example, with Donne stag as Light in 1981, Stockhausen began a series of seven operas, one for each day of the week. Two years later Messene finished his first opera, Saint François daisies. Philip Glass completed two operas, Satyagraha in 1980 and Akhenaten in 1984. In 1986 the English National Opera premiered the second of Harrison Birtwistle’s three operas, The Mask of Orpheus. The Frankfurt Opera mounted John Cage’s first two operas European I and II in 1987. Operas by many other well-known composers followed: Jacob Rickman (1982), Bernard Rends (1985), George Rothberg (1986), and Morton Subtonic. To celebrate their tenth anniversary in 1987, the Centre Georges Pompidou and the musical research center IRCAM (Institute de Recherché et Coordination Acoustique/Mosque) in Paris commissioned a video opera from the young American Todd Mach over. What is behind this renewed interest in a genre that fell into disrepute for much of this century? Is it simply opera’s commercial appeal, or the fame it brings, or does opera fill a need, felt by both composers and audiences, created by the difficulty of comprehending much con- temporary music?
Beckett, McLuhan, and Television: The Medium, the Message, and “the Mess”
Authors: Ben-Zvi Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sociologist manuel castells’s sweeping three-volume study, The Information Age, begins with the assertion: “Our societies are increasingly structured around the bipolar opposition of the Net and the Self” (1: 3). The Net, a term covering the ever-expanding networked communication media, he defines as fluid and constantly changing, while the Self is in a constant search for some fixity or surety now that primary markers of identity—sexual, religious, ethnic, territorial—are no longer clearly delineated or self-evident.
Anatomy and Physiology of Pain-sensitive Cranial Structures
Authors: Messlinger Karl , Strassman, Andrew M , Burstein Rami 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dura mater encephali is innervated by sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nerve fibers. Cell somas of meningeal afferents supplying the medial meningeal artery are located predominantly within the ophthalmic division (V1) of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion and, to a minor extent, within the maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions (Mayberg et al., 1984). Cell somas of meningeal afferents supplying the middle cranial fossa are found mainly in V3 (Steiger et al., 1982). Cell somas of meningeal afferents supplying basal intracranial arteries as well as the superior sagittal sinus are found not only in the trigeminal ganglion but also in the first and second cervical root ganglia (Arbab et al., 1986; Liu et al., 2004). Cell somas of sympathetic fibers are found predominantly in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion (Edvinsson and Uddman, 1981; Keller et al., 1989; Uddman et al., 1989). Cell somas of parasympathetic fibers are found in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia and in ganglia associated with the internal carotid artery (Amenta et al., 1980; Edvinsson and Uddman, 1981; Edvinsson et al., 1989; Suzuki et al., 1989; Hardebo et al., 1991; Suzuki and Hardebo, 1991). Anatomical classification of nerve fibers in dural and pial blood vessels is based on their peptidergic content (Liu-Chen et al., 1986; Edvinsson et al., 1988, 1989; von During et al., 1990; Keller and Marfurt, 1991).
Chronic Daily Headache Including Transformed Migrane, Chronic Tension-type Headache, and Medication Overuse Headache
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D , Lipton, Richard B , Saper Joel R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chronic daily headache (CDH) is an umbrella term for headache disorders that occur very frequently. Although the classification remains intensely debated, the consensus is that the term CDH refers to headache disorders, including headaches associated with medication overuse, which are experienced 15 or more days a month.
Headache Associated with Abnormalities in Intracranial Structure or Function: Highcerebrospinalfluid-pressure Headache and Brain Tumor
Authors: Friedman Deborah I , Wall, Michael , Silberstein Stephen D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Headache is one of the most common clinical manifestations of altered intracranial pressure (ICP). Any disruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, flow, or absorption may lead to alterations in ICP and produce headaches. Severe headaches may accompany conditions of high or low ICP, which may be iatrogenic or pathological in origin. Some disorders produce unique symptoms that aid in their diagnosis, for example, the cough headache associated with hindbrain abnormalities such as Chiari malformations. The International Headache Society (IHS) (Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society, 2004) classifies these disorders as “Headache associated with nonvascular intracranial disorder” (Table 18–1). Patients may have worsening of a preexisting headache or may develop a new form of headache (including migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache) in close temporal relationship to a nonvascular intracranial disorder. Causality is not necessarily implied.
Infectious, Toxix, and Metabolic Headaches
Authors: Gladstone Jonathan P , Bigal Marcelo E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The headache disorders are divided into two broad categories by the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2), primary and secondary headache disorders (Headache Classification Committee, 2004). Secondary headaches are attributed to another condition such as brain tumor or head injury; for the primary disorders, the headache is not because of another condition. The classification of all secondary headaches follows the same format: A secondary disorder known to be able to cause headache has been demonstrated; Headache occurs in close temporal relation to the secondary disorder and/or there is other evidence of a causal relationship; Headache is greatly reduced or disappears within a specific time frame (usually 3 months, but this may be shorter for some disorders) after successful treatment or spontaneous remission of the causative disorder.
Cranial Neuralgias and Other Causes of Facial Pain
Authors: Rozen Todd D , Capobianco David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is a distinctive, painful disorder of the face that is easily evoked by trivial stimuli and undergoes a relapsing, remitting course. There are approximately 15,000 new cases of trigeminal neuralgia per year. It is a disorder of the elderly, and often cause severe disability. It is characterized by brief electric shock-like pain and is limited to one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Patients who have experienced this disorder are often fearful that, while in a pain remission period, the attacks will recur. Trigeminal neuralgia can be treated both medically and surgically. The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia will be reviewed, and a stepwise approach to treatment will be discussed.
Communication in the Care of the Headache Patient
Authors: Hahn Steven R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Importance of Communication Skills Communication skills are an acknowledged core competency of medicine. All physicians and healthcare providers need to be and feel competent in talking with patients in order to function. Although this truth has always been evident, it has only been in the last decades that a robust pedagogy on medical communication has developed, accompanied by empirical research on the determinants of effective communication, and the allocation of sufficient curricular hours in undergraduate medical education. Milestones in the evolution of concern about effective communication were reached when medical licensure and specialty certification procedures made a commitment to evaluating this competency with performance-based assessment of communication skills using structured evaluation criteria (Duffy et al., 2004). The use of the most rigorous evaluation methodologies (encounters with standardized patients using structured evaluations), for highstakes certification exams is a process that is still in its infancy.
Haydn’s Chaos and Herder’s Logos
Authors: Kramer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The itch that provokes the ideas that follow is lodged in some music that trembles between worlds, between aesthetics, balancing at the abyss between reason and the irrational, between chaos and coherence. It is not music that encourages those grand taxonomies from which we historians can’t seem ever to shake free. In these two chapters, I revisit three very famous works, composed within five years of one another by two composers—teacher and pupil: privately, and in the public arena of professional interaction—who bring to the problem of improvisation two very different aesthetic attitudes.
Beethoven and the Romance of Creation
Authors: Kramer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interior Beethoven: the familiar trope pictures the inner reaches of the creative mind at play—the ultimate creative mind, in a version of the Romantic legend. What can we glean from the disparate, often chaotic evidence that survives of this process? How might the frail and imaginary constructs that we piece together from the traces of this fitful process be heard to imprint themselves as emblems of meaning in the work that finally emerges? With Beethoven, this is not a simple inquiry.
Cadenza Contra Text: Mozart in Beethoven’s Hands
Authors: Kramer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mocking the uneasy composure of Mozart’s Concerto in D Minor through a diction and a posture alien to Mozart, the cadenza (ex. 9.1) threatens to dismember its host. The tunes are Mozart’s, but the touch, the rhetoric, is emphatically Beethoven’s. Manifesto-like, these opening measures insinuate themselves into the concerto, infiltrating the text.
Frequently played, Beethoven’s cadenzas (there is one for the finale as well) have entered the repertory in their own right. They follow ineluctably from the cadential six-four, feigning continuation of Mozart’s text.
Reliquie
Authors: Kramer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We return once again to Friedrich Schlegel, whose poetry Schubert much admired, even as it set him daunting aesthetic puzzles that his music could not always solve. Of his writings on literature and art, the most frequently cited are the briefest: the aphorisms contained in the “Athenäums-Fragmente.” Taken all together, they adumbrate a theory, not of course in any systematic, expository mode, but in the cumulative experience of the apparently isolated thought, one after another, each brilliantly obscure, and it is only on reflection that Schlegel’s journey of the mind unwraps its thematic congeries.
“Magic White Coats”: Forms of Denial and Other Internal Obstacles to Becoming a Patient
Authors: Klitzman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“We doctors wear magic white coats,” Dan said. A middle-aged oncologist, he had metastases (spread of cancer from one place in the body to another) in his chest. “We destroy disease all the time,” he explained. “How could it ever attack us?” His comment amazed me, but was hardly unique.
Theravāda Metaphysics and Ontology Kaccānagotta (Sa yutta-nikāya) and Abhidhammatthasa gaha
Authors: Ronkin Noa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although early Buddhism cannot be reduced to a systematic philosophy, what lies at its heart, according to its own understanding of the matter, is Dharma (Pali Dhamma). In Indian thought, Dharma is the truth about the world: the underlying nature of things, the way things are in reality. One might say, therefore, that at the heart of Buddhism lies a metaphysical Truth.
Sensation, Inference, and Language: Dignāga’s Pramā asamuccaya
Authors: Hayes Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dignāga probably flourished in the early decades of the sixth century C.E. Numerous works on various aspects of Buddhist theory are attributed to him. All the excerpts here are taken from a work called Pramā asamuccaya (PS; Collection of writings on sources of knowledge). This work is made up of six chapters. The first is on sensation, the second, third, and fourth on inference and argumentation, the fifth on the nature of language, and the sixth on various fallacies and mistakes in reasoning or presentation of an argument.
Language and the Ultimate: Do Mādhyamikas Make Philosophical Claims? A Selection from Khedrupjey’s Stong thun chen mo (Great Digest)
Authors: Cabezón José Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Madhyamaka (or Middle-Way) philosophy—one among the four major schools of Indian Buddhist philosophy, according to the Tibetan tradition— became one of the most influential philosophical views in the history of Buddhism. But Madhyamaka, the “theory of emptiness,” is not a uniform and homogeneous tradition. Over the centuries, different interpretations of Madhyamaka arose, and both Indian and Tibetan scholars debated the Madhyamaka’s most fundamental tenets.
Zongmi’s Yuanren lun (Inquiry into the Origin of the Human Condition) The Hermeneutics of Doctrinal Classification
Authors: Gregory Peter N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This selection translates the second and third sections of Inquiry into the Origin of the Human Condition (Yuanren lun) (in four sections), by the Huayan and Chan scholar Gueifeng Zongmi (780–841). Zongmi’s essay exemplifies one of the most characteristic hermeneutical strategies devised by Chinese Buddhists, known as “doctrinal classification” (panjiao). It presents a systematic classification of the Buddha’s teachings within the framework of two of the most influential traditions of Chinese Buddhism, Huayan and Chan.
The Approach to Knowledge and Truth in the Theravāda Record of the Discourses of the Buddha
Authors: Harvey Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Theravāda traditions regard the teachings attributed to the Buddha as authoritative guides to the nature of reality and the best way to live, based on the vast, meditation-based knowledge of a spiritually “awakened” being. Such teachings are not to be simply accepted, though, but used, investigated, and, as far as is possible for a particular individual, confirmed in experience. As such, it can be said that the Buddha is a kind of experientialist or empiricist, as opposed to one who relies solely on revelation or trust in reasoning alone.
The Role of Knowledge of Causation in Dharmakīrti’s Theory of Inference The Pramā a-vārttika
Authors: Gillon Brendan S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dharmakīrti, a Buddhist thinker who lived in the seventh century C.E., composed a number of works addressing issues pertaining to perception and inference. His principal work, Pramā a-vā rttika, consists of four chapters, each written in verse. One chapter, entitled svā rtha-anumāna (Inference for oneself), was supplemented by him with a prose commentary. An excerpt from this chapter is translated here. In it Dharmakīrti takes up the questions of how knowledge of the causation relation guarantees knowledge of a universal, categorical statement and of how one comes to know that the causation relation obtains.
Yogācāra Theories of the Components of Perception The Buddhabhūmy-upadésa
Authors: Lusthaus Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does the world look like through enlightened eyes? How, if at all, does perception for enlightened beings differ from the way nonenlightened beings perceive? These would seem to be natural questions, especially considering the prominent emphasis Buddhists place on such themes as mental purification, correcting cognitive errors, theories of perception, “seeing things as they are” (yathā -bhū tam), and so on. Thus it is surprising that detailed and specific discussions of how enlightened beings perceive almost never appear in Buddhist literature, aside from attributing vague, honorific adjectives to such cognitions, such as labeling them “transmundane” (lokuttara), pure, unobstructed, and so on. The section of the Buddhabhū my-upadeśa translated here is a major exception.
Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakósa: The Critique of the Pudgalavādins’ Theory of Persons
Authors: Duerlinger James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Refutation of the Theory of a Self” was composed by the Indian Buddhist philosopher known as Vasubandhu (c. fourth/fifth century C.E.). The “Refutation,” which Vasubandhu placed at the end of his encyclopedic Abhidharmakośa, contains a classic statement of the Buddhist theory of the selflessness of persons.
Candrakīrti’s Madhyamakāvatārabhā ya 6.86–97: A Madhyamaka Critique of Vijñānavāda Views of Consciousness
Authors: Huntington C W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Candrakīrti (c. 600–650) is one of the most highly regarded Indian Buddhist philosophers. Within the Tibetan tradition, Candrakīrti’s understanding of Madhyamaka is considered authoritative, and the Madhyamakāvatāra, or Entry into the Middle Way, is routinely consulted as the definitive introduction to his ideas. In conformity with the mnemonic form of classical Sanskrit philosophical literature, the basic text of the Madhyamakāvatāra is composed in a series of metered verses (kārikā-s); each of these aphoristic verses is then accompanied by a commentary (bhās.ya) that unpacks its meaning in the larger context of the whole. This format is reflected in the excerpt I have translated here.
Zhiyi’s Great Calming and Contemplation “Contemplating Mental Activity as the Inconceivable Realm”
Authors: Kantor Hans-Rudolf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The following is a summary and interpretation of a selection from the Tiantai classic Great Calming and Contemplationattributed to Zhiyi (538–597). This is a foundational Tiantai scripture that outlines the school’s doctrinal core and addresses the “ten modes of contemplation.” Since the first mode includes the other nine, it is considered the most important and fundamental. The section expounding this mode, translated here, is called “Contemplating Mental Activity as the Inconceivable Realm.” It explicitly reflects Zhiyi’s ideas on mental activity in light of the other crucial doctrines in Tiantai teaching.
The Bodhisattva Path śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra
Authors: Edelglass William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
śāntideva (c. seventh/eighth century) taught at Nālandā, the Buddhist university near present-day Patna, India, which, with 10,000 students and an eleven-story library, was for centuries one of the world’s principal institutions of higher learning. The Bodhicaryāvatāra (Introduction to the practice of the Bodhisattva) is said to have first been presented as a teaching by śāntideva to his fellow monks. It is a study of the cultivation of bodhicitta, the awakened—or awakening—mind. The Bodhicaryā vatāra functions as a guidebook to the bodhisattva path, the path to liberation from emotional and cognitive defilements that is motivated by great compassion (mahā karu ā), the altruistic aspiration to liberate all sentient beings from suffering, and facilitated by the perfection of wisdom (prajñāpā ramitā).
Starting at Johns Hopkins
Authors: Bliss Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At last! This was the most anticipated hospital opening in American history. It had been such a long time in the making. Baltimore’s millionaire merchant and financier, Johns Hopkins, had created a hospital trust twenty-two years earlier, in 1867. He died in 1873, leaving $3.5 million, a then fabulous sum, to finance the institution. The university that Hopkins had created at theI same time and with equal funding had opened its doors in 1876, but the hospital had seemed to take forever to build, not least because the trustees built it using only the income from their endowment. No borrowing, no entrenchment on principal. Like Hopkins himself, many of them were Quakers, men with an intense sense of stewardship.
They also had an extraordinary commitment to excellence. Johns Hopkins had been persuaded to donate his fortune to create the best possible university and hospital. Giving his trustees a site in 1873, he directed them to erect ‘a hospital which shall in construction and arrangement compare favorably with any other institution of like character in this country or in Europe.’
Nothing Personal
Authors: Munson Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Dr. Munson? May I speak to you a minute?”
She was tall and willowy and blonde. Perhaps in her late thirties, about my age at the time. She was quietly beautiful, with high cheekbones, a narrow face, and a softly rounded chin. Her eyes were the slate-blue color of the sky on a rainy summer day.
She wore a tailored gray suit that fit so perfectly she might have been modelling it. A black polished leather handbag hung from a strap over her shoulder, and her earrings were small cut stones with the deep red glow of rubies. She was the epitome of the impeccably, expensively turned out young executive. Even so, I found it easy to imagine her in jeans and a T-shirt with her honey colored hair tied back in a ribbon. Her natural style seemed casual and athletic, more Abercrombie than Brooks Brothers.
“Sure,” I said. “Have a seat.” I gestured toward the chair across from me at the small square table.