bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Genetic Parameters of Double Crosses under Different Planting Dates Suitable to the Middle Region of Iraq
Authors: Brto Eman Fawzi , Hadi Banan Hassan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the aim of estimating some genetic parameters of double crosses at sowing dates appropriate to the fall season in the middle region of Iraq, a field experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya for the fall season 2022 using superior double crosses of maize were chosen from fifteen double crosses. It was obtained from the crossing of ten single crosses resulting from the crossing of five inbred lines (1=ZM43WIZE, 2=ZM60, 3= ZM49W3E, 4=ZM19, 5=CDCN5) by the half-dialle crossing method. Hybrids (3×5)(1×4),(3×5)(1×2),(2×4)(1×5), (4×5)(1×2), and (2×3)(1×4), compared it with the synthetic cultivar IPPA 5012 and tested it under three planting dates:1st July, 15th July and 1st August. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with four replicates. The traits were studied: tassling, silking, plant height, ear height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows, number of grains per row, number of grains in a row, number of ears, average grain weight, dry matter weight, physiological maturity, ear weight, plant growth rate, individual plant yield, unit area yield, and. harvest Index. The results of the genetic analysis showed that the value of the standard error was low in all traits except for leaf area, number of plant seeds, and in the three dates, and the values of the coefficient of variation (C.V) on1st July were less than 20 in all traits except for individual plant yield, area unit yield, harvest index, and time. 15 th July and 1st August were also less than 20, and the values of genetic variance at the date of 1st July were greater than the values of environmental variance in most of the studied traits, except for ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows, and ear weight. The ratio of genetic variation to environmental variation, as it was less than 1, and it had P.C.V values higher than G.C.V.The number of grains in the row, the weight of the dry matter, the physiological maturity and the plant growth rate due to the high genetic variance for it and the values of the ratio of genetic to environmental variance and then the high heritability values for it and on the date 1st August and the values of the genetic variance were greater than the values of the environmental variance in most of the studied traits.
New Record of the Species Amegilla niveocincta (Smith, 1854)(Hymenoptera:Apidae) in Iraq
Authors: Sahood Ghofran Hussein , Hermize Feryal Bahjat , AlSaffar Hanaa H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current study showed species
Amegilla niveocincta
(Smith, 1854) recorded for first time to entomofauna of Iraq, which collected from different flowering plants during 2022 from different localities of Iraq. The synonyms of species were supplied from GBIF(2023).
Two New Records of Coelioxys Latreille, 1809 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae) from Iraq
Authors: Najm Asawir Dhafer , Augul Razzaq Shalan , Al-Jassany Radhi F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Five Coelioxys Latreille, 1809 species previously recorded in Iraq; Coelioxys emargintus Förster, 1853 and Coelioxys brevis Eversmann, 1852 newly recorded species. A brief re-description of each is given, supported by photographs; as well as a provided for their global distribution.
New Record with Revision of Nomiinae Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Saja A. , Sadiq Feryal H. , Augul Razzaq Shalan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study the Sub family of Nomiinae Robertson,1904 (Hyminoptera: Halictidae) was revised There were five species registered in our investigation: Pseudapis edentata(Morawitz,1876), P. nilotica (Smith,1976), Nomiapes bispinosa (Bulle,1832), N. diversipes (Latreille,1806), N. fugax (Morawitz1877); the last species is newly recorded in Iraq. A Key to identify the genera and species was designed according to the important morphological characters; as well, a brief description of the new record species is provided.
Effect of Different Ferrous Concentrations on the Growth Characteristics of Genotypes of Sorghum bicolor L.
Authors: Azawi Belqis Muhammad , Khader Imad Khalaf , Nazim Basem Shakour 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the fall season of the agricultural season 2022 AD at a research station of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit in Salah al-Din Governorate, located at longitude 43.679 degrees east and latitude 34.616 degrees north of the equator in gypsum soil in order to know the effect of foliar feeding with two levels of Iron In addition to the comparison treatment, which is (0, 75, and 150) mg L on fivegenotypes of white corn, namely (J, Giza, Inqaz, Rabeh, and Li). Ferrous sulfate was used as a source of iron. Using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and each replicate contains (15) experimental units, each experimental unit contains four lines, the distance between one line and another is 60 cm, and between one line and another is 20 cm, to study growth characteristics. The Li variety was superior in leaf area and the percentage of iron in the leaves, reaching (4086.61 cm2 and 60.92 mg Fe/kg). As for the following characteristics, the number of days from sowing to 50% flowering and plant height, the J variety was superior to (99.11 days and 177.48 cm). and the characteristics, number of leaves per plant, estimation of chlorophyll A and estimation of chlorophyll B were lost The variety was superior to Giza, which reached (23.40 μg.cm2, 19.83 μg.cm2, and 16.43 leaves). As for the fertilizer additions, it was superior to (Fe2) and gave the highest averages in the characteristics of plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and iron content inthe leaves, as it reached 157.94 cm, 15.80 leaves, 3783.76 cm 2, and 23.34 μg. cm2 and 21.03 μg.cm2 and 64.38mg Fe / kg, respectively, and the addition of Fe (1)) in the characteristic of the number of days from sowing to 50% flowering exceeded 95.46%. The combination (Li + fertilizer additives (Fe2) was characterized by giving the highest averages in the characteristics of leaf area and the percentage of iron in the leaves. As for the characteristics, the number of days from cultivation until 50% flowering and plant height, it was outperformed by variety J + fertilizer additives (Fe2) and the characteristics of the number of leaves per plant Estimation of chlorophyll A and estimation of chlorophyll B were lostIt is superior to Giza + fertilizer additives (Fe2).
Two New Records of Cerceris Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae) from Iraq
Authors: Hamodee Shatha Abdullateef , Shafeeq Maan Abdul Azeez , Augul Razzaq Shalan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a survey of the crabronid fauna of Iraq during June to October 2022; 9species belonging to the genus Cerceris Latreille, 1802 were identified. Twospecies are new record of the fauna of Iraq: C. dorsalis Eversmann, 1849 and C. priesneri Mochi, 1939. Brief description, diagnostic characters, some collecting information, and photographs of each species are provided. As well provides a key to the species depending on many morphological features especially: propodeal enclosure, semicircular plate at base of second gastral sternites and free margin of clypeus. Moreover, this study observed that most collected specimens belonging to Cerceris hortivaga Kohl, 1880 and the least to C.dorsalis Eversmann, 1849, C. priesneri Mochi, 1939, C. tricolorata Spinola,1829 and C. straminea Dufour, 1854
The Role of the Hierarchy of the Production Tillers in wheat Cultivar km 5180 under the Effect of Sowing Spaces
Authors: Al-Hassan Mohammed Fawzi Hamza , Mahmood Jamal Waleed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interpapillary spacing is an important aspect of crop management in general, and the choice of row spacing reflects a compromise between improving natural resource capture by the constituent members of the plant in the field. The research was applied during the winter season 2019-2020 to know the role of planting row spacing on the main stem and tillers of wheat cultivar km5180. Use the design of R.C.B.D. In the order of the factorial experiment, the cultivars occupied the first factor, and included V1 the Iraq variety and V2 the KM5180 cultivar. The agricultural distances were the second factor, and the distances included three (S1 = 20) cm, (S2 = 40) cm, and (S3 = 60) cm, spacing between the lines. The results showed the effect of line spacing on most of the studied characteristics of the main stem, as the distance of 60 cm gave a significant superiority in the characteristics (spike length (cm), number of spikes.m2 and biological yield ton. ha), which averaged (13.72 (cm), 32.5 spikes.m2 and 5.7088 ton. ha) successively, as the results showed that the distance of 60 cm exceeded the studied characteristics of the branches (plant height cm, number of spikes m2 and biological yield ton. ha), which averaged (91.31, 301.7 spikes m2 and 10.515 ton. ha) sequentially. The reason for the cultivation distance exceeding (60) cm, the farthest between the lines, is due to the increase in the number of stems bearing spikes and the lack of competition for penetrating light and mineral elements present in the soil between plants, and then the nutrients deposited in all parts of the plant. As for the cultivars, the main stem of the KM5180 cultivar was significantly superior for the characteristics (spike length cm, number of spikes/spike, number of spikes.m2), whose averages were (12.68 cm, 17.500 spikes/spike and 195.50 spikes.m2), respectively, over the Iraq cultivar. We conclude that it is possible to adopt the planting distance of 60 cm and the cultivar KM5180, as it gave the best results in most of the traits included in the research.
Response of Ryegrass to Nitrogen Fertilizer under Two Irrigation Systems
Authors: Saleh Fadia Fouad , Al-Amery Ali Hameed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was evaluation the effectiveness of the some irrigation systems, and determining the best nitrogen fertilizer level and its effect on some growth characteristics and quality of Italian ryegrass seeds. A field experiment was carried out in two locations, the first is the Khan Atshan pasture station in the Karbala, and the second is the Dikkah pasture station - Khanaqin affiliated to the Forestry and Desertification Control Department - Ministry of Agriculture during the fall season 2021-2022. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design, in split plots arrangement, with three replications. The main plots included two irrigation systems (solid set sprinkler irrigation and free flow irrigation), and the sub plots included the addition of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of urea (46% N): 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg N h-1, The results showed that the solid set sprinkler irrigation system was significantly superior to the free flow irrigation system in achieving the highest average of the total chlorophyll content in the leaves 17.69 % and 9.63%, crude protein in the cereal 20.54% and 23.60 % and the percentage of carbohydrates in the cereal 13% and 14% for both experimental location, while the free flow irrigation system was significantly superior in achieving the highest mean of the flag leaf area 4.32% and 5.08% and the dry weight of the plant 13.55% and 46.67% for both location. The results also showed that increasing the added nitrogen fertilizer up to the level of 45 kg h-1 led to a significant increase in each of the flag leaf area cm2 and the total chlorophyll content in the leaves mg g-1, percentage of crude protein in cereals, dry weight of plants, percentage of ash in cereals, and percentage of carbohydrates in cereals in two experiment location.
Efficacy of Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid Vapors on the Stable Phases of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Authors: Hadi Ahmed Hasan , Sabit Falah Aboud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current study is conducted with the aim of evaluating two fatty acids effectiveness and efficiency of steaming, Oleic acid and Linoleic acid, as a natural and safe alternative to chemical pesticides in controlling the hairy grain beetle Trogoderma granarium Evert fixed phases (eggs, pupae). This laboratory study included the use of four concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 150) ppm, with exposure periods that varied according to the insect role. They were (24, 16, 8) hours in the first and (36, 24, 12) hours per/2nd. The results demonstrated the treatment of insect eggs with oleic and linoleic acid vapors presenting the hatching inhibition highest rates, reaching 72.22 and 76.66% at a concentration (200 ppm) and an exposure period (24 hours), with a superior effect of linoleic acid vapor in causing inhibition rates at all concentrations and exposure used periods. The reason for the inhibition in both may be attributed to the ability of the vapor of the two acids to penetrate the egg wall and affect its protoplasm, thus thwarting the growth and development of the embryo. Also, pupae treatment with the vapor of the two acids giving the killing highest rates, reaching75.55 and 71.10, respectively, at a concentration (200 ppm) and an exposure period of (36 hours), with superiority to the effect of oleic acid vapor in killing rates at all concentrations besides using exposure periods. The cause of killing in both vapors may be ascribed to their harmful effects on the respiratory and nervous systems of the pupae, causing them to suffocate and paralyze. As for the results of the statistical analysis, they indicate the significance of each of the effects of concentrations and periods of exposure and the overlap between them to the two acids at both phases.
The Effect of Solar Panel Type on some Irrigation System Parameters and Bean Crop Germination Percentage
Authors: Jassim Ali Q. , Zeinaldeen Laith A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An experiment was carried out at Al-Raed Research Station, which is located on the Baghdad-Anbar road during the winter season, in order to study the effect of the type of solar panels and irrigation system on some performance indicators of irrigation systems and germination percentage of bean crop (Vicia Faba L). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The experiment consist of two factors. 1st factor was the solar panel type with two levels : monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Second factor was the irrigation system with two levels Drip and sprinkler irrigation system the following indicators were studied : solar panel efficiency (%), Irrigation system capacity (L / H), coefficient of homogeneity, germination percentage (%). The results shows that the monocrystalline achieved the best result by achieving the highest solar panel efficiency (24.21 %), the highest irrigation capacity (1782 L/H) and highest coefficient of homogeneity (94.54 %), The best solar panel efficiency was achieved with the drip irrigation which has on average (22.50 %), The drip irrigation had the highest coefficient of homogeneity (96.14 %) and the best germination percentage (97.20 %). The interaction between solar panel type and irrigation system shows that the monocrystalline with drip irrigation achieved the best panel efficiency (25.69 %) and highest average for homogeneity (96.72 %).
Reducing the Harmful Exhaust Emissions from the Diesel Engine of the Tractor CASE JX75T by using the EFWP Filter at Different Engine Speeds
Authors: Mishall Abbas A. , Nassir Aqeel J. , Shnaan Haydar A. , Alwan Ali A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, the influence of using the EFWP filter on the tractor exhaust emissions was determined. A Water and paper filter is a filter designed to operate as a filter for the exhaust for the reduction of the harmful gas (CO, CO2, NOx, and HC) emission from the engine of the tractor. Emissions experiments were carried out on CASE JX75T tractor at different engine speeds are 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, and 2250 rpm. All engine speed of the tractor underwent experimentation before the installation of the EFWP filter and after installation it. The noises and Bsfec also were measured when the two cases. Each engine speed was tested for approximately 20 minutes in two cases. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) decreasing in carbon monoxide CO (51.40%), carbon dioxide CO2 (25%), nitrogen oxides NOx (43.43%) and hydrocarbons HC (60.98%) emissions and also, the noises reduced by 25.38% and there was no significant increase in the BSFC (5.34% only) after the EFWP filter was put in the tractor exhaust. The results also showed that increasing the engine speed from 750 to 2250 rpm led to significant increases in CO2, NOx, and HC emissions, while decreased the CO emission. Also, the increased by a percentage of 155.88 and 159.38 % in the case using the EFWP filter and without using it (the ordinary case) respectively. Using the EFWP filter reduced the noises not overridden internationally permitted standards (65 dB).
Prediction of Soil Compaction using Conventional Tillage Systems under Different Operating Conditions
Authors: AbdulSada Azhar Jihad , Almaliki Salim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was conducted in the College of Agriculture - University of Basra in Karma Ali located in the south of Basra city. The soil was of a clay-silty texture. The study aims to evaluate the negative impact of primary plowing equipment (moldboard plow, disk plow, and chisel plow) on the physical properties of the soil by studying soil compaction indicators such as soil resistance to penetration, soil bulk density, and total porosity. Three plowing depths (15, 20, and 25) cm and three forward speeds of the tractor (0.45, 0.75, and 1.05) m s-1 were used. Intelligent computing was introduced to predict results and simulate soil compaction through the use of Design Expert software. The results showed that there is an effect of all studied factors on the variables of soil physical properties. The effect on the soil penetration resistance characteristic of the type of plow was greater than the depth, and the depth was greater than the forward speed, as the soil penetration resistance was (4.53, 3.84, and 3.23) MPa for the moldboard plow, disc plow, and chisel plow, respectively. As for the effect of increasing the depth, it was 27%, while the effect of increasing the forward speed was 24%. As for the bulk density of the soil, the effect of the type of plow was also greater than the effect of the increase in depth, and the increase in depth was more effective than the increase in the forward speed, as the bulk density was (1.68, 1.52, and 1.48) g.cm-3 for the moldboard, disc, and chisel, respectively. As for the effect of depth, it reached 7%, while the effect of speed reached 5%. As for the total porosity of the soil, the effect of the plow type was greater than the depth, and the greater the depth than the forward speed, as the total porosity reached (43, 41, and 35) % for the moldboard, disc, and chisel plow, respectively. The increase in depth led to a decrease of 7%, and the increase in velocity led to a decrease of 4% in the index of total soil porosity. As for the predicted results, the amount of convergence between the field calculated and predicted results was (96, 95, 95) % for soil penetration resistance, bulk density, and total soil porosity, respectively.
A study of the Environmental Effects of the Use of Palm Stem Injection Technology for the Purposes of Fertilization and Control of Palm Pests in the Al-Tarmiya District
Authors: Karim Mahdi Abdul , Anoun Nadia Kadhim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of the research is to identify the environmental effects of the technology of injection of the palm trunk for the purposes of fertilization and control of palm pests. They are distributed among four divisions within the Directorate of Agriculture of the province, and a simple random sample of 7% was chosen from the total number of palm farmers in Baghdad Governorate / Al-Tarmiyah district, which numbered 1708 farmers. They are distributed among three agricultural divisions within the district, which are (Al-Tarmiyah Center, Al-Abaiji, and Al-Mashahada) so that the sample size is (120) individuals. The second part includes (15) paragraphs related to the environmental impacts of using the palm stem injection technology. The results of the research showed that there is a weakness in the extension activities provided in the field of palm service and focus on the control aspect at the expense of the rest of the aspects. The results also showed the agreement of the majority of the respondents on the paragraphs set for the environmental effects, as the paragraph (the risk to farmers is reduced when using injection technology) got a weighted mean of (3.5) and a weight percentile of (97.5) and it came first, in contrast, the last paragraph (preserving living organisms such as birds) came on a weighted mean of (3.12) and a weight percentile of (78).The researcher recommended the importance of increasing and diversifying extension activities in the areas of palm service and urged all groups to participate in them.
The Optimal Use of Modern Agricultural Methods by Vegetable Crop Farmers in Nineveh Province, Iraq
Authors: Altalb Ahmed Awad Talb , Hameed Ali Tariq 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Current research aims to know the perfect use modern of agricultural methods by vegetables farmers in general in Nineveh governorate, as well as the perfect way to use modern agricultural methods by vegetable farmers in association with research variables, to know the correlation between the perfect use of modern agricultural methods by vegetable farmers and independent variables of research. Research happened in Nineveh Governorate, Rabeaa and Hmedate Distract as place of research with their (400) farmers a simple random sample representing (20%) was taken, so final sample was (80) farmers. Survey questionnaire was made to collect data. Data collecting tool comprised two parts (the first part) including personal information of researchees. The second comprised (25) items regarding vegetable crops and used agricultural methods during stages of cultivation. Results showed that farmers using modern agricultural methods in cultivating vegetables is moderate tends to be low and research variables (age, years of experience in cultivating vegetables plays role developing ideas of vegetable farmers in using modern methods.