bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological, morphological, mechanical, and barrier properties of PP/EVOH blends
Authors: Yeo Jong Ho , Lee Chong Hoon , Park Chan‐Seok , Lee Ki‐Jun , Nam Jae‐Do , Kim Seong Woo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing the biaxially oriented film process, polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) blends with an improved barrier property could be obtained by generating a laminar structure of the dispersed phase in the matrix phase. This laminar morphology, induced by biaxial orientation, was found to result in a significant increase in the oxygen barrier property of PP/EVOH (85/15) blends by about 10 times relative to the pure PP. In this study, compatibility in the PP/EVOH blend system was evaluated by investigating the influence of compatibilizer on the rheological, morphological, and mechanical properties of the blends. In addition, the effects of compatibilizer content, draw ratio, and draw temperature on the oxygen permeability and morphology of biaxially drawn blend films were also studied. It was revealed that an optimum amount of compatibilizer, maleic anhydride grafted PP, should be used to improve the barrier property of the PP/EVOH blends with a well‐developed laminar structure. The draw ratio and draw temperature had a significant influence on the permeability of the blends. The blend films exhibited a more pronounced laminar structure when the blends were stretched biaxially under processing conditions of higher draw ratio and draw temperature, resulting in higher barrier properties. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 191–201, 2001
Massive splenic infarction in Saudi patients with sickle cell anemia: A unique manifestation
Authors: Jama Ali Hassan Al , Salem Ahmed Hassan Al , Dabbous Ibrahim Abdalla Al 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSplenic infarcts are common in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), but these are usually small and repetitive, leading ultimately to autosplenectomy. Massive splenic infarcts on the other hand are extremely rare. This is a report of our experience with 8 (4 males and 4 females) cases of massive splenic infarction in patients with SCA. Their ages ranged from 16 to 36 years (mean 22 years). Three presented with left upper quadrant abdominal pain and massive splenic infarction on admission, while the other 5 developed massive splenic infarction while in hospital. In 5 the precipitating factors were high altitude, postoperative, postpartum, salmonella septicemia, and strenuous exercise in one each, while the remaining 3 had severe generalized vasoocclusive crises. Although both ultrasound and CT scan of the abdomen were of diagnostic value, we found CT scan more accurate in delineating the size of infarction. All our patients were managed conservatively with I.V. fluids, analgesia, and blood transfusion when necessary. Diagnostic aspiration under ultrasound guidance was necessary in two patients to differentiate between massive splenic infarction and splenic abscess. Two patients required splenectomy during the same admission because of suspicion of secondary infection and abscess formation, while a third patient had splenectomy 2 months after the attack because of persistent left upper quadrant abdominal pain. In all the 3 histology of the spleen showed congestive splenomegaly with massive infarction. All of our patients survived. Two patients subsequently developed autosplenectomy while the remaining 3 continue to have persistent but asymptomatic splenomegaly. Massive splenic infarction is a rare and unique complication of SCA in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and for early diagnosis and treatment, physicians caring for these patients should be aware of such a complication. Am. J. Hematol. 69:205–209, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TEL/AML1 rearrangement and the prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsang Kam Sze , Li Chi Kong , Chik Ki Wai , Shing Matthew Ming Kong , Tsoi Wai Chiu , Ng Margaret Heung Ling , Lau Tai Tap , Leung Yonna , Yuen Patrick Man Pan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe TEL/AML1 rearrangement has been implicated as an independent good prognostic factor in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We examined TEL/AML1 using nested reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and correlated TEL/AML1 with cytogenetics and immunophenotypes in 75 consecutively analyzed Chinese children with ALL in Hong Kong. TEL/AML1 was detected in 17.9% (12/67) B‐lineage ALL at diagnosis but not in 8 T‐ALL children or in 34 adults with ALL. E2A/PBX1, MLL/AF4, and BCR/ABL were not found in TEL/AML1+ patients. Coexpression of cross‐lineage antigens was associated with TEL/AML1 gene fusion (p = 0.032), with CD13 in 80% (4/5) TEL/AML1+ cohort. Chromosomal abnormalities were demonstrated in 50% of the TEL/AML1+ ALL; however, a cryptic t(12;21) was not detected in these cases. Hyperdiploidy of 47–48 chromosomes was encountered in 25%. Deletion of 12p resulting in the loss of the normal allele of TEL and nonspecific del(6q) were noted in 8% (1/12) and 25% (3/12) of the TEL/AML1+ children, respectively. Rapid clearance of TEL/AML1 was noted in 50% of the patients on completion of the induction therapy; however, 16.7% (2/12) TEL/AML1+ ALL relapsed at a mean of 48.6 months from diagnosis (25 months off‐therapy). The incidence of relapses of TEL/AML1+ ALL was comparable to that at diagnosis in B‐lineage ALL (14.3% [2/14] vs. 17.9% [12/67], p > 0.05). The relapse rate in TEL/AML1+ ALL was similar to that of TEL/AML1− ALL (16.7% [2/12] vs. 20.6% [13/63], p > 0.05). The duration of first complete remission in TEL/AML1+ ALL was significantly longer as compared to TEL/AML1− ALL (mean [range] in month: 48.6 [47.2 − 50] vs 14.6 [2.9 − 42.3], p < 0.0001). Irrespective of TEL/AML1 rearrangement, the probabilities of the five‐year overall survival and the event‐free survival of patients were comparable (overall survival: 100% vs. 72.3%, p = 0.166 and event‐free survival: 60% vs. 56.2%, p = 0.343). Our data would not suggest a less aggressive treatment regimen for TEL/AML1+ ALL. Am. J. Hematol. 68:91–98, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age at onset of Parkinson disease and apolipoprotein E genotypes
Authors: Zareparsi Sepideh , Camicioli Richard , Sexton Gary , Bird Thomas , Swanson Phillip , Kaye Jeffrey , Nutt John , Payami Haydeh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that the variable age at onset of Parkinson disease (PD) is likely influenced by genes. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with onset of Alzheimer disease, and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders. APOE has been investigated in relation to onset of PD, but results have been inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to determine if APOE genotypes are associated with onset age of PD, using a patient population large enough to assure sufficient power. We studied 521 unrelated Caucasian patients with idiopathic PD from movement disorder clinics in Oregon and Washington. Genotyping and statistical analyses were carried out using standard methods. Age at onset of PD was significantly earlier in patients with the ε3ε4/ε4ε4 genotype than in patients with the ε3ε3 genotype (56.1 ± 10.9 vs. 59.6 ± 11.0, P = 0.003). The significantly earlier onset of PD was not influenced by the possible effects of recruitment site, family history and gender. The effect of the ε2ε3 genotype on onset of PD differed between the two recruitment sites. There was a trend for earlier onset of PD in ε2ε3 patients than in ε3ε3 patients only in the Oregon sample. In conclusion, APOE is associated with age at onset of PD. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MCA syndrome with renal‐hepatic‐pancreatic dysplasia, posterior fossa cyst, symmetrical limb deficiencies, cleft palate, cardiac and Müllerian duct anomalies
Authors: Witters I. , Devriendt K. , Spinnewijn D. , Moerman Ph. , Van Assche F.A. , Fryns J.P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the second trimester prenatal diagnosis of severe symmetrical limb deficiencies with posterior fossa cyst and cardiac anomaly in a female fetus. Fetopathological examination revealed additional anomalies: renal‐hepatic‐pancreatic dysplasia, cleft palate, and Müllerian duct anomaly. The spectrum of congenital malformations in the present observation is difficult to classify into a single syndrome entity and presents an overlap with several syndromes: Roberts syndrome, Goldston syndrome, and renal‐hepatic‐pancreatic dysplasia. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in male sibs
Authors: McLeod D. Ross , Snyder Floyd , Bridge Peter , Pinto Alfredo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMale siblings developed acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL) at age five months and eight months, respectively. This rare condition has not been reported in individuals less than two years of age or with a recurrence in the family. The diagnosis was based on neuropathologic features after ruling out potentially mimicking conditions. Genetic counseling of early onset AHL should include the possibility of recurrence in siblings. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association study of a SNAP‐25 microsatellite and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Mill Jonathan , Curran Sarah , Kent Lindsey , Gould Alison , Huckett Louise , Richards Sandra , Taylor Eric , Asherson Philip 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence implicate synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP‐25) in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most notably, the coloboma mouse mutant, considered to be a good animal model of hyperactivity, has a deletion spanning this gene. Introducing a SNAP‐25 transgene into these animals alleviates hyperlocomotion. We have identified a novel microsatellite repeat in SNAP‐25 located between the 5′UTR and the first coding exon, and tested for association with ADHD. Case‐control analyses suggest there may be a role of this polymorphism in ADHD, with one allele over‐represented in controls and another over‐represented in probands. Within‐family tests of linkage and association confirmed these findings. Further work is needed to ascertain the role of SNAP‐25 in ADHD and assess the functional significance of this polymorphism. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homosexual behavior in wild Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii)
Authors: Fox Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWild male Sumatran orangutans at two study sites engaged in homosexual behavior. These observations demonstrate that homosexual behavior is not an artifact of captivity or contact with humans. In separate instances, homosexual behavior was associated with affiliative and agonistic behaviors. These observations add orangutans to the list of primates in which homosexual behavior forms part of the natural repertoire of sexual or sociosexual behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 55:177–181, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of bone glue treatment as a major source of contamination in ancient DNA analyses
Authors: Nicholson Graeme J. , Tomiuk Jürgen , Czarnetzki Alfred , Bachmann Lutz , Pusch Carsten M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPaleogenetic investigations of ancient DNA extracted from fossil material is for many reasons susceptible to falsification by the presence of more recent contamination from several sources. Gelatine‐based bone glue that has been used extensively for nearly two centuries by curators to preserve hard tissues contributes nonauthentic DNA to paleontological material. This fact has been frequently neglected and is barely mentioned in the literature. Now paleogeneticists, curators, and conservators are faced with the problem that treatment of samples with adhesives and consolidants for conservatory purposes has seldom been recorded. Here, we show that racemization of amino acids, and in particular serine, is an excellent indicator for the treatment of paleontological samples with glue. Am J Phys Anthropol 118:117–120, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PMP22 transgenic dorsal root ganglia cultures show myelin abnormalities similar to those of human CMT1A
Authors: Nobbio Lucilla , Mancardi Gianluigi , Grandis Marina , Levi Giovanni , Suter Ueli , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Windebank Anthony J. , Abbruzzese Michele , Schenone Angelo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A (CMT1A) neuropathy is caused by duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene, leading to protein overexpression. Although this protein has a role in regulating Schwann cell growth and peripheral myelin compaction, how altered concentrations of PMP22 impair myelination is unknown. We established dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures from a transgenic rat overexpressing PMP22 (PMP22tg) to study the behavior of PMP22tg Schwann cells in early stages of development and myelination. We used reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and light and electron microscopy to study PMP22 expression and myelin formation. Myelin ultrastructure was evaluated in sural nerves from CMT1A patients to compare experimental and human findings. PMP22tg DRG cultures contained a greater number of internodes devoid of myelin, in the absence of remyelination, and increased periodicity of myelin lamellae compared with normal cultures. Widening of myelin lamellae was also observed in CMT1A biopsy specimens. Our results suggest that both functions of PMP22, in regulating Schwann cell differentiation and contributing to peripheral myelin compaction, are affected by its overexpression. The presence of similar myelin abnormalities in PMP22tg cultures and human nerves emphasizes the importance of developing in vitro models of hereditary neuropathies to study their underlying pathomechanisms.
Nanoscale skeletal nickel catalysts prepared via ‘bottom up’ method
Authors: Richards Ryan , Geibel Gabriele , Hofstadt Werner , Bönnemann Helmut 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNiAl nanoparticles are of considerable importance because of interest in examining the effects of size, surface area, and composition on their physical and catalytic properties. Recently, a new method for the ‘bottom up’ wet chemical preparation of nickel aluminides has been reported. The ability to leach the aluminum from this system provides an entrance to the preparation of skeletal‐type metal catalysts similar to those produced in Raney‐type systems. Furthermore, it is believed that these nanoparticulate catalysts should provide high surface areas and high activities, while the presence of aluminum within the bulk of these catalysts provides additional stability. Here, we present the results of studies conducted on this system which compare their properties and behavior with traditional bulk Raney nickel systems. Additionally, we show that we are able to alter the properties of these nanoparticles by changing the stoichiometric ratio of nickel and aluminum. The properties of all systems have been analyzed through the use of nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. Finally, the catalysts generated have been compared for their activity in the hydrogenation of butyronitrile. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aromatic–Aliphatic acrylic monomers and polymers: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Bicu Ioan , Mustata Fanica 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo new ester‐type monomers were synthesized by the condensation of acrylic acid with the products of the hydroxyethylation of 4‐nonylphenol or 4‐tert‐butylphenol. The hydroxyethylation reaction was performed with 1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ona in the presence of alkalies. By hydroxyethylation, the phenols were changed into alcoholic derivatives able to react with acrylic acid to give acrylic esters. The insertion of the aryl–alkyl groups into the structure of the acrylic esters, and implicitly of the corresponding polymers, was carried out with the intention of increasing their thermostability and improving their behavior as pressure‐sensitive adhesives on the whole. The monomers and the polymers were characterized by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and other special methods. The results of these investigations confirmed the formulated suppositions. The inherent viscosities of the resulting polymers were in the range of 47–64 mL/g, and their thermal stability was up to 315–320°C, far higher than that of the polyacrylates used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 802–814, 2002
Lifetime predictions for the epoxy system BADGE n=0/m‐XDA using kinetic analysis of thermogravimetry curves
Authors: Fraga F. , Rodríguez Núñez E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLifetime of the epoxy system diglycidil ether of Bisphenol A (BADGE n=0)/ m‐xylylenediamine (m‐XDA) was calculated by thermogravimetric analysis. The Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method is used to determine the activation energy of the reaction. Experimental lifetimes in the range of 60–300°C vary from 1.41 109 (2682 years) to 3.35 10−4 min. This isoconversional method is not appropiate to calculate lifetime prediction because of high errors. Scaling factors were determined using the ratio of two reaction rates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1692–1696, 2002
Ultrafiltration of metal ions by water‐soluble chelating poly(N‐acryloyl‐N‐methylpiperazine‐co‐N‐acetyl‐α‐aminoacrylic acid)
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L. , Pooley S. Amalia , Luna Maribel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWater‐soluble copolymers of N‐acryloyl‐N‐methylpiperazine and N‐acetyl‐α‐aminoacrylic acid were synthesized by radical polymerization. The copolymerization yield ranged between 60 and 97%. The FTIR and NMR spectra demonstrated that the copolymerization occurred. The copolymer composition was determined from 1H‐NMR spectra by comparison of methyl groups from both moieties. The copolymers were richest in AAA units. The metal ion retention properties were investigated by the liquid‐phase polymer‐based retention (LPR) technique at different pH and filtration factors. The affinity for the metal ions depended on the copolymer composition, pH, and filtration factor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2556–2561, 2002
Removing paraffin‐based wax coatings from old corrugated containers using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Stauffer Thad C. , Venditti Richard A. , Gilbert Richard D. , Kadla John F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extractions of paraffin‐based wax coatings from saturated and curtain‐coated old corrugated containers (OCC) are reported. Extractions were performed in a 500‐mL reactor (300 bar, 100°C, 50 g CO2/min and 1 h). Wax removal efficiencies of 98 and 70% for saturated and curtain‐coated OCC, respectively, were obtained. Under similar conditions, extractions in the presence of water resulted in an extraction efficiency of 99% for saturated OCC. Decreasing the operating pressure to 200 bar decreased the extraction efficiency to approximately 50%. Gas chromatography (GC) of the wax coatings on OCC, before and after extraction with SC‐CO2, showed a slight shift in the molecular weight distribution of the paraffin wax (after SC‐CO2 extraction) toward higher molecular weights for both saturating wax and curtain‐coating wax. There was no evidence of chemical degradation or modification of the paraffin wax coatings by SC‐CO2. The packing density, packing arrangement, and dimensions of the curtain‐coated OCC in the extraction apparatus affected the extraction efficiency. Loose packing compared to tight packing, 1 × 1 cm squares versus 1 × 20 cm strips, had higher extraction efficiencies; a random packing arrangement was better than packing with the fluting material in the direction of SC‐CO2 flow. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2699–2704, 2002
Mechanical properties of soft liner–poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based denture material
Authors: Usanmaz Ali , Latifoğlu M. Alper , Doğan Arife , Akkaş Nuri , Yetmez Mehmet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the mechanical properties of two different permanent soft lining materials and their bonding to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were compared. Both of the soft liners were heat‐cured commercial materials. The polymerization was carried out by conventional methods suggested by manufacturer, and the curing was done at the temperature of boiling water for 5, 15, 25, and 35 min. The sample groups were tested in the computer‐aided tensile‐testing machine at a rate of 2 mm/min. The slow rate helps the collection of more and more reliable data. At this time, the stress–strain curves were used to calculate ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, resilience, and toughness. The measurements were carried for PMMA, Molloplast B, Flexor, and a combination of PMMA/soft liner. After introducing the soft lining material on PMMA of the same thickness, the new material structure was more elastic than the original PMMA. Flexor showed adhesive failure at studied curing periods, but Molloplast B gave larger tear strength values and cohesive rather than adhesive failure at the 25‐min and 35‐min curing times. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 467–474, 2002
Detection of lead ion binding on bifunctional chelating/ion‐exchange resins by cross‐polarization/magic‐angle spinning solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Chien , Chen Chuh‐Yung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSolid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (S‐NMR) can reveal much useful information, including conformations, stereoregularity, defect structures, and comonomer sequence. S‐NMR is especially useful for revealing microstructural differences that can alter local polymer chains. A series of bifunctional chelating/ion‐exchange resins, containing differing ratios of iminodiacetic acid to acetic acid, were synthesized. Cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C‐NMR was employed to measure conformation changes both before and after the bonding of ligands and lead ion adsorbed on bifunctional chelated/ion‐exchange resins in this investigation. From the 13C‐NMR spectra, as the lead ion was adsorbed by the iminodiacetic acid chelating group, the motion of molecular chain would be inhibited and the resonance peaks of the carboxylate anion at 170 ppm would shift downfield. Compared to the FTIR results, the downfield shift of the resonance peaks indicated that the bonding of carboxylate anion and lead ion adsorbed displayed an ionic trend. Furthermore, the bonding of the carboxylic group and lead ion adsorbed changed from ionic to covalent as the chelating group in bifunctional/ion‐exchange resins decreased. The linear relationship between the areas of those resonance peaks and the amount of lead ion adsorbed was obtained from the spectra fitting. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 919–928, 2002
Modeling of solid state polymer properties at the stage of synthesis: Fractal analysis
Authors: Kozlov G. V. , Temiraev K. B. , Shustov G. B. , Mashukov N. I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe genetic relationship between the polymer structures in solution and the condensed state are discovered within the framework of fractal analysis. It allows us to predict and model the properties of polymers already at the stage of synthesis, using the representation of a cluster model of the amorphous polymer state. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1137–1140, 2002