bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the legitimacy of cocoa tree hybrids (Theobroma cacao L.) resulting from simple crosses using SNPs markers in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: MINAKOU Okayo Sandrine , GUIRAUD Honorine Brigitte , TRÉBISSOU Inago Caudou , Coulibaly Klotioloma , KOUAMÉ Tchréwa Stanislas , ATCHI Mathurin Yves , GOURÉ Bi Firmin , ASSI Attiapo Pepin , BAKAYOKO Sidiky , AKAFFOU Sélastique , TAHI Gnion Mathias 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The legitimacy of 13 hybrid families resulting from crosses by manual pollination technic was studied using SNPs markers. The aim of this study was to ensure the conformity of progenies resulting from simple crosses. Fifty-one (51) individuals (39 descendants and 12 parent clones) were analyzed using 84 SNPs markers. The results revealed non-significant genetic differentiation between parents and progenies (p = 0.323). High allelic richness was also revealed, with the average number of alleles per locus ranging from 1.57 to 1.92, for an average of 1.77 in offspring and 2 in parents. Thus, 1% of the total variance was attributed to inter-population variance and 99% to intra-population variance. Low genetic differentiation (FST < 0.05) and genetic distances (0.03 < D < 0.09) were observed between hybrid families F2, F8, F10, F11, F12, F13 and F14 and their respective parents. These results confirm the legitimacy of the hybrids created and suggest that the manual pollination work carried out on CNRA sites is reliable for faithfully reproducing hybrid material knowing the parents involved.
A Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences of Individuals with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Accessing Haemodialysis in Northern Ghana
Authors: Boateng Edward Appiah , Iddrisu Aduni Amina , Kyei-Dompim Joana , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Haemodialysis is Ghana's most common form of renal replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, limited research has explored the experiences of individuals with ESKD receiving haemodialysis in relatively poorer regions, especially in the northern part of the country. This study explored individuals’ experiences with accessing haemodialysis in northern Ghana and was guided by Levesque’s conceptual framework of access to healthcare.
Methods: The study utilized a phenomenological design, and participants were recruited through the purposive sampling method. Individuals with ESKD receiving haemodialysis for at least three months were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
Results: Most of the participants had a history of hypertension that progressed to ESKD due to poor management practices – mainly purchasing antihypertensive drugs over the counter without visits to the hypertensive clinic contributed greatly to the delay in diagnosing ESKD in northern Ghana. The geographical location of the dialysis centre and limited dialysis machines were the key barriers to adequate access to dialysis. Many participants had two dialysis sessions per week instead of thrice a week. Some were even having one session per week due to the distance from their residence to the dialysis centre and the costs involved.
Conclusion: Access to haemodialysis for individuals with ESKD in the northern part of the country is relatively limited in many ways compared with that in the southern part of the country. Health policies should include funding for haemodialysis and a collaboration with pharmaceutical companies to consider manufacturing dialysis concentrates to reduce the cost. Additionally, there should be deliberate efforts to design and implement programs to promote ESKD awareness in the country, especially in relatively poorer regions.
SID-Net: Machine learning based system identificationframework for rigid and flexible multibody dynamics
Authors: Jang Sung Il , Han Seongji , Kim Jin-Gyun , Choi Juhwan , Rhim Sungsoo , Choi Jin Hwan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Modeling and simulation of dynamic systems is widely used in mechanical system design and control. System identification (SI), a process of correlation using experimental or target data, is essential for the reliability of implemented numerical models. To actualize the process, it is crucial to understand the relationship between numerous modeling parameters that affect the system responses. Modeling and simulating nonlinear systems such as multibody dynamics, is particularly difficult owing to their characteristic enormous assumptions and approximations; furthermore, the computational demands are also crucial during the iterative SI process. Therefore, we propose an effective SI framework for rigid and flexible multibody dynamics using artificial neural networks. The framework consists of two phases: a system metamodel and a SI network (SIN). Through supervised learning, a metamodel that can provide nonlinear time transient responses based on the input system design parameters in real time was generated. The loss minimization process for initializing a new neural network that, utilizes a SIN to find the input design parameters that generate the desired target output was also introduced. A new loss function was defined for minimizing the difference between the output of the trained system metamodel, following which the target output was defined. The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated in well-designed numerical and experimental examples.
Knowledge and attitude towards stem cell science and technology among medical field students in Sudan, 2023: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Idrees Malaz Hassan Dafaalla , Abdulmajed Alghazali Abdulrahman Mohammad , Mohamed Balqees Abdeen Ahmed , Higo Gofran Higo Abdolwahed , Shaaban Kamil Mirghani Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Recent developments in stem cell research have produced encouraging results, making this a very important and prevalent topic to explore extensively. It has the potential to create cell-based treatments for a variety of diseases that have not yet been treated. The need for adequate knowledge about stem cells and a positive attitude among medical science students is therefore crucial.
Methods: This is A cross-sectional descriptive study aiming to assess the knowledge and attitude towards stem cells science and technology among students of the medical field in Sudan. The study included a total of 395 participants in their final or semi-final year, from 10 different Universities in Sudan. The questionnaire was structured from previous literature and a pilot study was conducted to ensure the reliability of the instrument. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, USA) version 21.0 was used for data entry, and Pearson's Chi-Square Test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 395 participants completed the questionnaire, out of which 58% were females and 42% were males. Out of the total number of participants, 54 percent studied at the college of medicine. Data from the study revealed that the majority (69.9%) possessed average knowledge. However, a statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge score and university (P = 0.002), and equivalently, an association was found between knowledge score and college (P = 0.004). It was shown that the most reported source of information mentioned was university curriculum (77.7%), while attitude was found to be neutral.
Conclusions: Most medical students demonstrated average knowledge and attitude towards stem cells. Enhancing their understanding is crucial, given their future roles. Implementing focused educational programs can bridge the gap, shape informed and positive attitudes, and prepare them for the evolving field of stem cell science.
Strategies for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from soils fertilized with urea and cultivated with maize in the off-season in Southern Amazon
Authors: Nascimento Alexandre Ferreira do , Ferreira Anderson 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Various strategies, particularly those that affect nitrogen-related process at the soil plant interface, have been investigated with the aim of reducing N2O emissions from soils fertilized with urea, the main nitrogen source employed in Brazilian agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate N2O emissions from soils cultivated with maize in soybean-maize succession following treatment with different mitigation approaches in Southern Amazon. An experiment of randomized block design was performed involving seven treatments in which maize was cultivated in soil: (T1) under control conditions; (T2) inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB); (T3) fertilized with urea; (T4) inoculated with NFB and fertilized with urea; (T5) fertilized with urea containing the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD); (T6) fertilized with urea containing the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT); (T7) fertilized with urea containing a combination of DCD and NBPT. The highest N2O fluxes (300 µg N2O-N m-2 h-1) were recorded for T3 and T4 around 12 to 14 days after top dressing fertilization with urea. Application of DCD-containing urea (T5 and, to a lesser extent, T7) was effective in reducing N2O emissions. Emission factors were below of 1% for all treatments, with the highest values (≤ 0.42%) recorded for T3, T4 and T6. Fertilization with urea containing DCD alone or in combination with NBPT (T5 and T7) reduced emission values by around 75% to the level registered for T2. Use of nitrification inhibitors represents an alternative for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions during the off-season maize cropping cycle in Southern Amazon.
Unveiling the Molecular Basis of Stem-Physical-Strength-Mediated-Resistance (SPSMR) Mechanism Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassicaceae: A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes
Authors: Singh Manjeet , AVTAR RAM , Bishnoi Mahavir , Kumari Nisha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study elucidates the intricate molecular dynamics of the Stem-Physical-Strength-Mediated-Resistance (SPSMR) mechanism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassicaceae. By investigating the responses of resistant and susceptible genotypes to S. sclerotiorum and their corresponding stem physical strength attributes at different infection stages, this research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance mediated by SPSMR. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) emerged between genotypes across distinct time points, with the resistant genotype displaying reduced stem lesion length, stem diameter, and stem water content, coupled with heightened stem dry matter content, stem specific density, stem breaking force, stem breaking strength, and total lignin content relative to the susceptible counterpart. Through gene expression analysis, the study unraveled unique patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to cell wall reinforcement, disease resistance, and pathogenesis. Upregulation of genes associated with arabinogalactan proteins, calcium ion-related proteins, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, pectinesterase, expansins, S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, wall-associated kinases, peroxidases, laccases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase as well as other genes associated with lignin-biosynthesis was evident in the resistant genotype. Similarly, pathogenesis-related proteins, disease resistance genes (RPS5-like, TAO1, GTP diphosphokinase), and lipoxygenases displayed substantial upregulation in the resistant genotype, while downregulation was observed in certain genes within the susceptible genotype. Additionally, gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses provided functional insights into DEGs. This comprehensive analysis highlights the synergy between stem physical strength and molecular components, revealing a distinctive defense strategy involving the coordinated upregulation of genes responsible for cell-wall strengthening, lignin biosynthesis, receptor kinases, pathogenesis-related and disease resistance proteins in the resistant genotype. Conversely, compromised expression patterns in the susceptible genotype underscore its challenge in mounting a robust defense. Strikingly, genes regulating intracellular pH homeostasis emerge as potential countermeasures against S. sclerotiorum virulence. Ultimately, these findings enhance our ability to develop resistant cultivars of Brassicaceae against S. sclerotiorum and similar pathogens. They offer a novel perspective on the role of stem physical strength and the intricate interplay between mechanical and molecular elements in enhancing host genetic resistance.
Comparative Prediction of Surface Settlement in Coal Pillar Replacement Mining Based on EFA-tSSA-SVR Model Study
Authors: LI Yong , LUO Chang , SU Hengyu , JIA Yichao , LI Xiaoqin , CHEN Zhen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In order to accurately predict it, the maximum subsidence value of the surface of coal pillar replacement fill mining is examined using machine learning and numerical simulation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is utilized to achieve the dimensionality reduction of influencing factors after carefully considering the seven key influencing factors. The findings of the numerical simulation prediction are then compared with the support vector regression machine model (EFA-tSSA-SVR), which is trained on various data sets and optimized using the enhanced sparrow search algorithm (tSSA). The surface subsidence in the first stage is calculated by the numerical model to be 2.00mm, and in the second stage, it is calculated to be 28.00mm, both of which are within 11.10% of the actual amount. The latter forecasts a relative inaccuracy that is about twice as large as the former. The findings show that the EFA-tSSA-SVR optimization model fits well, with an R2close to 1, and a predicted value of 26.40mm that is very close to the measured value of 25.20mm with a 5.90% error. The EFA-tSSA-SVR model can predict the maximum amount of surface sinking, and both models can provide reference values for surface subsidence prediction.
The effect of nanosilica on mechanical and swelling resistance properties of ternary rubber (NR/SBR/NBR) blends nanocomposites
Authors: Srin J. , Jagatheeshwaran M. S. , Vishvanathperumal S. , Anand G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The production of a new class of plastics with improved properties can be achieved through polymer blends rather than using individual components. This study involved the preparation of nanocomposites using melt compounding, where ternary blends comprising natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) were combined with nanosilica (NS). In the present study, silica nanoparticles (NS) were prepared from rice husk ash to be utilized as a nanofiller in rubber nanocomposites. Subsequently, the study investigated the mechanical properties of these ternary NR/SBR/NBR blend nanocomposites. Throughout the study, the NR/SBR/NBR content remained constant at 30/30/40 phr, and an ultrablend 4000 at 3 phr was used as a compatibilizer, while varying the fractions of nanosilica. The study's results demonstrated that introducing nanofillers led to a notable enhancement in the stability of both scorch time and the optimal cure time of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the nanosilica content was directly proportional to the increase in tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation, elongation at break %, abrasion resistance, and compression set of the nanocomposites. However, the mole percent uptake exhibited a noteworthy decrease as the nanosilica content increased. Further analysis using FESEM of the tensile fracture surfaces revealed that the inclusion of nanosilica in the nanocomposites led to better adhesion of NR/SBR/NBR rubber and enhanced tensile properties. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing nanocomposites in polymer blends to enhance the overall performance of elastomers.
The causal effects of lipids and apolipoproteins on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Qi YuJing , ZHAO JIAXI , Lyu Qiong , Zhang Jian , Zhu Wei-Liang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background：There is ambiguous causality observed between lipids and apolipoproteins and the occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in some studies, but this has not been confirmed from a genetic perspective. Our aim was to assess the causal effect of lipid and apolipoprotein levels on IPF using the method of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods：In our study, we used publicly available genome-wide association summary data (GWAS) to conduct two-sample bidirectional MR and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses in order to evaluate the relationship between lipid and apolipoprotein levels and IPF. Firstly, we strictly selected eligible SNPs related to exposure based on general screening criteria. Then, MR analysis using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the main method, we also employed additional methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode to ensure result robustness. We assessed sensitivity through the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and the "leave-one-out" method. Additionally, we utilized MR-PRESSO as a complementary method to identify horizontal pleiotropy.
Results: Our results showed that genetically predicted TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo A-I, and Apo B have no clear causal relationship to IPF based on IVW results, which is inconsistent with many published observational studies.
Conclusion: Although many studies have reported a relationship between lipids and apolipoproteins and IPF, our MR results suggest that lipid and apolipoprotein levels may not be causally associated with the risk of IPF.
Comparative metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis reveals shared neuroprotective mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb
Authors: Parate Sakshi Sanjay , Upadhyay Shubham Sukerndeo , S Amrutha , Karthikkeyan Gayathree , Pervaje Ravishankar , Abhinand Chandran S. , Modi Prashant Kumar , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., two nootropics are recognized in Indian Ayurvedic texts. Studies have attempted to understand their action as memory enhancers and neuroprotectants, but many molecular aspects remain unknown. We propose that Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. share common neuroprotective mechanisms. Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approach was used to identify potential protein targets for the metabolites from each extract. Phytochemical analyses and cell culture validation studies were also used to assess apoptosis and ROS activity using aqueous extracts prepared from both herbal powders. Further, docking studies were also performed using the LibDock protocol. Untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approach unveiled 3,362 and 2,927 non-redundant metabolites from both extracts, with 2,750 shared metabolites between them, suggesting a potential common neuroprotective mechanism among these drugs. Protein-target prediction highlighted 92.4% similarity among the proteins interacting with metabolites for these extracts. Among them, kinases mapped to MAPK, mTOR, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways represented a predominant population. Our results highlight a significant similarity in the metabolome of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and their potential protein targets, which may be attributed to their common neuroprotective functions.
Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: Routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease
Authors: Saad Hassan A. , Baz Azza , Riad Mohamed , Eraky Mohamed E , El-Taher Ahmed K , Farid Mohamed I , Sharaf Khaled , Said Huda E. M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Intra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable data demonstrating that the immune context of breast tumors can influence growth and metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be administered in patients who are at a high risk of recurrence. Our goal was to identify the processes underlying both types of early local recurrences.
Methods: This was a case-control observational study. Within two years of receiving adjuvant taxan and anthracycline-based chemotherapy, as well as modified radical mastectomy (MRM), early stage IDC and ILC recurred. Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1), and clustered differentiation (CD95) were investigated.
Results: Of the samples in the ductal type group, 25 showed local recurrence, and 25 did not. Six individuals in the lobular-type group did not experience recurrence, whereas seven did. Vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002), and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) expressions were significantly different in ductal and lobular carcinoma types, respectively. Measurement of ductal type was the sole significant difference found in MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000). α-SMA and CD95 were two variables that helped the recurrence mechanism in the ductal type according to the pathway analysis. In contrast, the CD95 route is a recurrent mechanism for the lobular form.
Conclusions: While the immune system plays a larger role in ILC, the tumor microenvironment and immune system both influence the recurrence of IDC. According to this study, improving the immune system may be a viable cancer treatment option.