bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family leadership among Israeli families of children with disabilities during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic
Authors: Gur Ayelet , Hindi Tali‐Noy , Krisi‐Kadosh Lilach 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate family leadership in family centres for families of children with disabilities in Israel amid the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. The study focuses on mapping family leadership activities within these family centres during the COVID‐19 pandemic and explores potential associations between participation in family leadership groups and family outcomes. Thirty‐five parents who were involved in family leadership groups and 42 parents of a control group completed an online survey. The survey included the Family Leadership Activity Measure, the Sense of Community Index, the Emergency Families Centre Services Index, the Sense of Sharing Index, the Brief Family Distress Scale and the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale. Significant differences were found among groups with regard to barriers to services usage, family centre services usage, family's satisfaction with services, sense of community with the family centre and sense of sharing. Parents who were involved in family leadership groups demonstrated favourable outcomes. No significant differences were found between the groups in family quality of life and distress. It is determined that in times of local or national crises, family leadership may promote more family‐centred supports.
Surgeon factors but not hospital factors associated with length of stay after colorectal surgery – A population based study
Authors: Bayat Zubair , Kennedy Erin D. , Victor J. Charles , Govindarajan Anand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimLength of stay (LOS) after colorectal surgery (CRS) is a significant driver of healthcare utilization and adverse patient outcomes. To date, there is little high‐quality evidence in the literature examining how individual surgeon and hospital factors independently impact LOS. We aimed to identify and quantify the independent impact of surgeon and hospital factors on LOS after CRS.MethodsA retrospective population‐based cohort study was conducted using validated health administrative databases, encompassing all patients from the province of Ontario, Canada. All patients from 121 hospitals in Ontario who underwent elective CRS between 2008 and 2019 in Ontario were included, and factors pertaining to these patients and their treating surgeon and hospital were assessed. A negative binomial regression model was used to assess the independent effect of surgeon and hospital factors on LOS, accounting for a comprehensive collection of determinants of LOS. To minimize unmeasured confounding, the analysis was repeated in a subgroup comprising patients undergoing lower‐complexity CRS without postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 90,517 CRS patients were analysed. Independent of patient and procedural factors, low surgeon volume (lowest volume quartile) was associated with a 20% increase in LOS (95% CI: 12–29, p < 0.0001) compared to high surgeon volume (highest volume quartile). In the 22,639 patients undergoing uncomplicated lower‐complexity surgeries, a 43% longer LOS was seen in the lowest volume surgeon quartile (95% CI: 26–61, p < 0.0001). In both models, more years‐in‐practice was associated with a small increase in LOS (RR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.02–1.03, p < 0.0001). Hospital factors were not significantly associated with increased LOS.ConclusionsSurgeon factors, including low surgeon volume and increasing years‐in‐practice, were strongly and independently associated with longer LOS, whereas hospital factors did not have an independent impact. This suggests that LOS is driven primarily by surgeon‐mediated care processes and may provide actionable targets for provider‐level interventions to reduce LOS after CRS.
Outcomes of liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with concomitant respiratory disease
Authors: Koc Özgür M. , Aslan Devrim , Kramer Matthijs , Verbeek Jef , Van Malenstein Hannah , van der Merwe Schalk , Monbaliu Diethard , Vos Robin , Verleden Geert M. , Pirenne Jacques , Nevens Frederik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground & aimsConcomitant respiratory disease is a common finding in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Among patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for HPS, we compared characteristics and outcome of patients with versus without concomitant respiratory disease.MethodsThis single center retrospective observational study included patients with HPS who underwent LT between 1999 and 2020.ResultsDuring the study period, 32 patients with HPS received a LT; nine (28%) with concomitant respiratory disease of whom one required a combined lung‐liver transplantation. Patients with concomitant respiratory disease had higher PaCO2 (38 vs. 33 mm Hg, p = .031). The 30‐day postoperative mortality was comparable, but the estimated cumulative probability of resolution of oxygen therapy after LT in HPS patients with versus those without concomitant respiratory disease was lower: 63% versus 91% at 12 months and 63% versus 100% at 18 months (HR 95% CI .140–.995, p = .040). In addition to the presence of concomitant respiratory disease (p = .040), history of smoking (p = .012), and high baseline 99mTcMAA shunt fraction (≥20%) (p = .050) were significantly associated with persistent need of oxygen therapy. The 5‐year estimated cumulative probability of mortality in patients with concomitant respiratory disease was worse: 50% versus 23% (HR 95% CI .416–6.867, p = .463).ConclusionsThe presence of a concomitant respiratory disease did not increase the short‐term postoperative mortality after LT in patients with HPS. However, it resulted in a longer need for oxygen therapy.
Heterogeneity of cancer stem cell‐related marker expression is associated with three‐dimensional structures in malignant pleural effusion produced by lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Yen‐Yu , Lin Yueh‐Shen , Liang Cher‐Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionCancer stem cells have been described in lung adenocarcinoma‐associated malignant pleural effusion. They show clinically important features, including the ability to initiate new tumours and resistance to treatments. However, their correlation with the three‐dimensional tumour structures in the effusion is not well understood.MethodsCell blocks produced from lung adenocarcinoma patients' pleural effusion were examined for cancer stem cell‐related markers Nanog and CD133 using immunocytochemistry. The three‐dimensional cancer cell structures and CD133 expression patterns were visualized with tissue‐clearing technology. The expression patterns were correlated with tumour cell structures, genetic variants and clinical outcomes.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were analysed. Moderate‐to‐strong Nanog expression was detected in 27 cases (69%), while CD133 was expressed by more than 1% of cancer cells in 11 cases (28%). Nanog expression was more homogenous within individual specimens, while CD133 expression was detected in single tumour cells or cells within small clusters instead of larger structures in 8 of the 11 positive cases (73%). Although no statistically significant correlation between the markers and tumour genetic variants or patient survival was observed, we recorded seven cases with follow‐up specimens after cancer treatment, and four (57%) showed a change in stem cell‐related marker expression corresponding to treatment response.ConclusionsLung adenocarcinoma cells in the pleural effusion show variable expression of cancer stem cell‐related markers, some showing a correlation with the size of cell clusters. Their expression level is potentially correlated with cancer treatment effects.
Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: A subgroup analysis from the FLASH‐UK study
Authors: Leelarathna Lalantha , Sutton Christopher J. , Evans Mark L. , Neupane Sankalpa , Rayman Gerry , Lumley Sarah , Cranston Iain , Narendran Parth , Krishan Ashma , Taxiarchi Vicky P. , Barnard‐Kelly Katharine , Elliott Rachel A. , Burns Matthew , Camm Maisie , Thabit Hood , Wilmot Emma G. ,   the FLASH‐UK Trial Study Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsThe FLASH‐UK trial showed lower HbA1c with intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM), as compared with self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), in adults with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c ≥58 mmol/mol (≥7.5%). Here, we present results from the pre‐specified subgroup analysis for the 24‐week HbA1c (primary outcome) and selected sensor‐based secondary outcomes.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre, parallel‐design, randomised controlled trial. The difference in treatment effect between subgroups (baseline HbA1c [≤75 vs. >75 mmol/mol] [≤9.0 vs >9.0%], treatment modality [pump vs injections], prior participation in structured education, age, educational level, impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia, deprivation index quintile sex, ethnic group and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 [PHQ‐9] detected depression category) were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐six participants (females 44%, mean [SD] baseline HbA1c 71 [9] mmol/mol 8.6 [0.8%], age 44 [15]) were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio to isCGM (n = 78) or SMBG (n = 78). The mean (SD) baseline HbA1c (%) was 8.7 (0.9) in the isCGM group and 8.5 (0.8) in the SMBG group, lowering to 7.9 (0.8) versus 8.3 (0.9), respectively, at 24 weeks (adjusted mean difference −0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.7 to −0.3; p < 0.001]. For HbA1c, there was no impact of treatment modality, prior participation in structured education, deprivation index quintile, sex or baseline depression category. The between‐group difference in HbA1c was larger for younger people (a reduction of 2.7 [95% CI 0.3–5.0; p = 0.028] mmol/mol for every additional 15 years of age). Those with HbA1c 76–97 mmol/mol (>9.0%–11.0%) had a marginally non‐significant higher reduction in HbA1c of 8.4 mmol/mol (3.3–13.5) compared to 3.1 (0.3–6.0) in those with HbA1c 58–75 mmol/mol (p = 0.08). For ‘Time in range’ (% 3.9–10 mmol/L), the difference was larger for those with at least a bachelor's degree. For ‘Time below range’ (% <3.9 mmol/L), the difference was larger for those using injections, older people and those with less than bachelor's degree.ConclusionsIntermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring is generally effective across a range of baseline characteristics.
Clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with—Type 1 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Margolis Merav Gil , Weizman Sarit , Lazar Liora , Yakobovich‐Gavan Michal , Tenenbaum Ariel , Phillip Moshe , Oron Tal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo find clinical and immunological signatures of the SARS‐CoV‐2 and the COVID‐19 pandemic on children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective, observational study comparing the clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with T1D the year before and during the first 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data extracted from the medical records included clinical and demographic parameters, COVID‐19 PCR results and the presence of anti‐islet, thyroid and celiac‐related antibodies. Also obtained from the medical records was a family history of T1D, celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease in a first‐degree family member.ResultsA total of 376 children were diagnosed with T1D during the study period. A total of 132 in the pre‐COVID era and 246 in the first 2 years of the pandemic. At diagnosis, the pH in children with DKA was lower, and HbA1c tended to be higher in the COVID‐19 group compared to the pre‐COVID‐19 group (7.30 [7.18, 7.35] vs 7.33 [7.19, 7.36], p = 0.046) and (110.9 [86.9, 129.5] vs 100 [80.3, 129.5], p = 0.067]) respectively. Multiple islet antibodies (IA) were significantly more common among patients in the pre‐COVID‐19 group compared to the COVID‐19 group (72% vs 61%, p = 0.032). Tissue transglutaminase antibodies were more common among children diagnosed in the COVID‐19 compared to the pre‐COVID group (16.6% vs 7.9%, p = 0.022).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 and the environmental alterations caused by the pandemic affected the clinical characteristics and the immunological profile of children diagnosed with T1D. It is, therefore, plausible that the virus plays a role in the autoimmune process causing T1D.
The lasting impact of external shocks on political opinions and populist voting
Authors: Levi Eugenio , Sin Isabelle , Stillman Steven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe use electoral survey data linked to disaggregated geographical data to examine the impact that two external shocks had on the initial development and long‐term success of New Zealand First (NZF), one of the oldest populist parties in the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, as well as their short and long‐run impact on voting and political opinions. We find that people exposed to both structural and immigration reforms were more likely to initially vote for NZF and permanently changed their political attitudes and policy preferences. Exposure to these shocks plays an important role in explaining the rise and continued success of populism in New Zealand.
‘Speed‐ageing’ of human skin in serum‐free organ culture ex vivo: An instructive novel assay for preclinical human skin ageing research demonstrates senolytic effects of caffeine and 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine
Authors: van Lessen Max , Mardaryev Andrei , Broadley David , Bertolini Marta , Edelkamp Janin , Kückelhaus Maximilian , Funk Wolfgang , Bíró Tamás , Paus Ralf 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPreclinical human skin ageing research has been limited by the paucity of instructive and clinically relevant models. In this pilot study, we report that healthy human skin of different age groups undergoes extremely accelerated ageing within only 3 days, if organ‐cultured in a defined serum‐free medium. Quantitative (immuno‐)histomorphometry documented this unexpected ex vivo phenotype on the basis of ageing‐associated biomarkers: the epidermis showed significantly reduced rete ridges and keratinocyte proliferation, sirtuin‐1, MTCO1 and collagen 17a1 protein levels; this contrasted with significantly increased expression of the DNA‐damage marker, γH2A.X. In the dermis, collagen 1 and 3 and hyaluronic acid content were significantly reduced compared to Day 0 skin. qRT‐PCR of whole skin RNA extracts also showed up‐regulated mRNA levels of several (inflamm‐) ageing biomarkers (MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐9; IL6, IL8, CXCL10 and CDKN1). Caffeine, a methylxanthine with recognized anti‐ageing properties, counteracted the dermal collagen 1 and 3 reduction, the epidermal accumulation of γH2A.X, and the up‐regulation of CXCL10, IL6, IL8, MMP2 and CDKN1. Finally, we present novel anti‐ageing effects of topical 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, a natural pheromone TRPM5 ion channel activator. Thus, this instructive, clinically relevant “speed‐ageing” assay provides a simple, but powerful new research tool for dissecting skin ageing and rejuvenation, and is well‐suited to identify novel anti‐ageing actives directly in the human target organ.
Parenting in the “extreme”: An exploration into the psychological well‐being of long‐term adoptive mothers
Authors: Kohn Charmaine , Pike Alison , de Visser Richard O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to increase understanding of factors that influence adoptive mothers' psychological and emotional well‐being. The aims were to compare mothers' self‐reported emotional state 12 months after child placement to the time of the interview and to identify factors that challenge and support maternal mental health.BackgroundMothers who adopt children face unique challenges that put them at a heightened risk of negative mental health. There is a need for better understanding of the influences on their psychological and emotional well‐being.MethodThis qualitative study involved nine in‐depth semistructured interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe themes offered broad insights, including the consistency of negative mental health across time associated with demands of “extreme parenting,” strains within and across relationships, and deprioritizing self‐care. Factors associated with positive mental health included development of love; attachment and sense of family identity; learning, competence, and “therapeutic parenting,” and the ability to “offload.”ConclusionThe emotional and psychological well‐being of mothers who adopt children should be validated and recognized as important to the overall adjustment of adoptive families.ImplicationsAdoption agencies should take a proactive approach to addressing the mental health needs of adoptive mothers, providing comprehensive information, ongoing support, and regular assessments.
Fish know no borders—Implications of the genetic structure and mixed‐stock composition to cross‐border management of adfluvial brown trout
Authors: Huusko Ari , Nikula Raisa , Tanhuanpää Pirjo , Koljonen Marja‐Liisa , Leinonen Tuomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective management of migrating fish stocks requires an understanding of population structure and each stock's contribution to the fishery. Water bodies spanning across national borders pose a particular challenge. We investigated the genetic structure of 13 adfluvial brown trout populations from natal rivers and conducted a genetic mixed‐stock analysis of brown trout from the cross‐border Lake Pyaozero Basin in eastern Fennoscandia, using 16 microsatellite loci. Our analysis revealed a clear genetic structure of three distinct geographic groups, consisting of river‐specific populations. The Western and Southern groups, which included 11 rivers, contributed over 90% to the mixed stock in the lacustrine rearing area. This mixed stock of several river‐specific subpopulations renders poorly managed fishing in the area a significant threat to the entire native adfluvial brown trout population complex.
Does non‐native diversity mirror Earth's biodiversity?
Authors: Briski Elizabeta , Kotronaki Syrmalenia G. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Bortolus Alejandro , Campbell Marnie L. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Fofonoff Paul , Galil Bella S. , Hewitt Chad L. , Lockwood Julie L. , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Ricciardi Anthony , Ruiz Gregory , Schwindt Evangelina , Sommer Ulrich , Zhan Aibin , Carlton James T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimHuman activities have introduced numerous non‐native species (NNS) worldwide. Understanding and predicting large‐scale NNS establishment patterns remain fundamental scientific challenges. Here, we evaluate if NNS composition represents a proportional subset of the total species pool available to invade (i.e. total global biodiversity), or, conversely, certain taxa are disproportionately pre‐disposed to establish in non‐native areas.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedGlobal diversity.MethodsWe compiled one of the most comprehensive global databases of NNS (36,822 established species) to determine if NNS diversity is a representative proportional subset of global biodiversity.ResultsOur study revealed that, while NNS diversity mirrors global biodiversity to a certain extent, due to significant deviance from the null model it is not always a representative proportional subset of global biodiversity. The strength of global biodiversity as a predictor depended on the taxonomic scale, with successive lower taxonomic levels less predictive than the one above it. Consequently, on average, 58%, 42% and 28% of variability in NNS numbers were explained by global biodiversity for phylum, class and family respectively. Moreover, global biodiversity was a similarly strong explanatory variable for NNS diversity among regions, but not habitats (i.e. terrestrial, freshwater and marine), where it better predicted NNS diversity for terrestrial than for freshwater and marine habitats. Freshwater and marine habitats were also greatly understudied relative to invasions in the terrestrial habitats. Over‐represented NNS relative to global biodiversity tended to be those intentionally introduced and/or ‘hitchhikers’ associated with deliberate introductions. Finally, randomness is likely an important factor in the establishment success of NNS.Main conclusionsBesides global biodiversity, other important explanatory variables for large‐scale patterns of NNS diversity likely include propagule and colonization pressures, environmental similarity between native and non‐native regions, biased selection of intentionally introduced species and disparate research efforts of habitats and taxa.
A secret thing: Forgetting the author in Annette von Droste‐Hülshoff's “Das erste Gedicht”
Authors: Gutterman Julia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines the notion of secrecy in Annette von Droste‐Hülshoff's poem “Das erste Gedicht” (1846), pursuing its inquiry through a critical analysis of the gendering of space and authorship in Walter Benjamin's commentary on her poetics inDeutsche Menschen. Eine Folge von Briefen (1936). Critics have understood “Das erste Gedicht” as an autobiographical and exemplary expression of Droste‐Hülshoff's authorial origins in secrecy and shame. By contrast, my article shows how the poem foregrounds forgetting rather than remembering as a poetological figure, thus challenging the notion that authorship originates in a singular past. In dismantling conventional ideas about the relation among time, memory, and writing, Droste‐Hülshoff seems to anticipate literary modernism. Drawing on her manuscripts and letters, this article further shows how the poem's literary genesis reveals a critical engagement with shame and secrecy as gendered affects conventionally attributed to women writers in mid‐19th‐century Germany.
A systematic review of Radiesse/calcium hydroxylapatite and carboxymethylcellulose: evidence and recommendations for treatment of the face
Authors: Guida Stefania , Galadari Hassan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRadiesse® is a filler composed of calcium hydroxylapatite microspheres suspended in a carboxymethylcellulose gel (CaHA/CMC). It has robust rheological properties that have been associated with its versatility. CaHA/CMC is employed for both on‐label indications of filling wrinkles or lines, volumizing, and contouring of areas as well as off‐label indications aiming at biostimulation and skin tightening. However, despite the expanding use of CaHA/CMC, overall evidence and recommendations for treatment are currently lacking. This paper aims to provide an up‐to‐date overview of CaHA/CMC clinical applications, together with a level of evidence of supporting literature, focusing on the face. Based on the data, CaHA/CMC may be considered a safe and effective treatment option for cheeks, jawline, HIV‐related facial lipoatrophy, and nasolabial folds. Treatment of marionette lines, chin, pre‐jowl, and corner of the mouth also tends to respond with a high degree of efficacy. Despite the recent trend, guidelines, and safety profile of diluted and hyperdiluted Radiesse®, no randomized controlled trials have been published.