bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROX (Respiratory rate–OXygenation) index to predict early response to high‐flow nasal cannula therapy in infants with viral bronchiolitis
Authors: Milesi Christophe , Nogue Erika , Baleine Julien , Moulis Lionel , Pouyau Robin , Gavotto Arthur , Brossier David , Mortamet Guillaume , Cambonie Gilles ,   GFRUP Respiratory Study Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is commonly used as first step respiratory support in infants with moderate‐to‐severe acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB). This device, however, fails to effectively manage respiratory distress in about a third of patients, and data are limited on determinants of patient response. The respiratory rate–oxygenation (ROX) index is a relevant tool to predict the risk for HFNC failure in adult patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between ROX indexes collected before and 1 h after HFNC initiation, and HFNC failure occurring in the following 48 h in infants with AVB.MethodThis is an ancillary study to the multicenter randomized controlled trial TRAMONTANE 2, that included 286 infants of less than 6 months with moderate‐to‐severe AVB. Collection of physiological variables at baseline (H0), and 1 h after HFNC (H1), included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), respiratory distress score (modified Wood's Clinical Asthma Score [mWCAS]), and pain and discomfort scale (EDIN). ROX and ROX‐HR were calculated as and , respectively. Predefined HFNC failure criteria included increase in respiratory distress score or RR, increase in discomfort, and severe apnea episodes. The accuracies of ROX, ROX‐HR indexes and clinical variable to predict HFNC failure were assessed using receiver operating curve analysis. We analyzed predictive factors of HFNC failure using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultHFNC failure occurred in 111 of 286 (39%) infants, and for 56 (50% of the failure) of them within the first 6 h. The area under the curve of ROX indexes at H0 and H1 were, respectively, 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.63, p = 0.14), 0.56 (95% CI 0.49–0.64, p = 0.09). ROX‐HR performances were better but remained poorly discriminant. HFNC failure was associated with higher mWCAS score at H1 (p < 0.01) and lower decrease in EDIN scale during the first hour of HFNC delivery (p = 0.02). In the multivariate analyses, age and mWCAS score were were found to be independent factors associated with HFNC failure at H0. At H1, weight and mWCAS were associated factors.ConclusionIn this study, neither ROX index, nor physiological variables usually collected in infants with AVB had early discriminatory capacity to predict HFNC failure.
Development of a pharmaceutical science systematic review process using a semi‐automated machine learning tool: Intravenous drug compatibility in the neonatal intensive care setting
Authors: De Silva D. Thisuri N. , Moore Brioni R. , Strunk Tobias , Petrovski Michael , Varis Vanessa , Chai Kevin , Ng Leo , Batty Kevin T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOur objective was to establish and test a machine learning‐based screening process that would be applicable to systematic reviews in pharmaceutical sciences. We used the SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type) model, a broad search strategy, and a machine learning tool (Research Screener) to identify relevant references related to y‐site compatibility of 95 intravenous drugs used in neonatal intensive care settings. Two independent reviewers conducted pilot studies, including manual screening and evaluation of Research Screener, and used the kappa‐coefficient for inter‐reviewer reliability. After initial deduplication of the search strategy results, 27 597 references were available for screening. Research Screener excluded 1735 references, including 451 duplicate titles and 1269 reports with no abstract/title, which were manually screened. The remainder (25 862) were subject to the machine learning screening process. All eligible articles for the systematic review were extracted from <10% of the references available for screening. Moderate inter‐reviewer reliability was achieved, with kappa‐coefficient ≥0.75. Overall, 324 references were subject to full‐text reading and 118 were deemed relevant for the systematic review. Our study showed that a broad search strategy to optimize the literature captured for systematic reviews can be efficiently screened by the semi‐automated machine learning tool, Research Screener.
Effect of walnut consumption on markers of endothelial function in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hsu Chou‐Yi , Alzahrani Abdullah Ali , Maabreh Hatem Ghaleb , Prasad K. D. V. , Bokov Dmitry O. , Kareem Anaheed Hussein , Alawadi Ahmed , Ihsan Ali , Shakir Maha Noori , Alasheqi Mohammed Qasim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFindings on the effect of walnut consumption on endothelial function are conflicting. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta‐analysis summarized available trials in this regard. A systematic search was performed in online databases including PubMed‐Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to October 2023. Articles that reported the effect of walnut intake on flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), and stimulus‐adjusted response measure (SARM) were included. Random effects models for a weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to test for the overall effect. Six eligible trials were analyzed (250 participants). Walnut intake significantly increased FMD (WMD: 0.94%, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.75; p = 0.02). However, meta‐analysis could not show any beneficial effect of walnut intake on ICAM‐1 (SMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.68 to 0.22; p = 0.31), VCAM‐1 (SMD: −0.02, 95% CI: −1.38 to 1.34; p = 0.97), and SARM (WMD: 0.01%, 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.04; p = 0.28). In conclusion, the present meta‐analysis suggests that walnuts may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by improving FMD. However, further studies should be performed on adults to determine the effect of walnut intake on endothelial function.
Costs of UK Community Care for Individuals with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Findings of the Prospective Epidermolysis Bullosa Longitudinal Evaluation Study
Authors: Jeffs Eunice , Pillay Elizabeth , Ledwaba-Chapman Lesedi , Bisquera Alessandra , Robertson Susan , McGrath John , Wang Yanzhong , Martinez Anna , Patel Anita , Mellerio Jemima 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare inherited skin fragility disorder requiring multidisciplinary management. Information regarding costs of current standard treatment is scant.

Objectives
As part of a longitudinal natural history study, we explored the community care costs of UK patients with different forms of RDEB.

Methods
Fifty-nine individuals with RDEB provided detailed information on multiple facets of RDEB including disease severity scores (iscorEB, BEBS) and patient reported outcomes (quality of life evaluation in epidermolysis bullosa, iscorEB patient questionnaire). Costs data included time spent doing dressings, frequency of dressing changes, details of materials used, and paid and unpaid care.

Results
Overall costs of dressing materials and associated care were high in RDEB. Median annual costs across all subtypes for those using dressings (n = 51) were over £26 000. For severe RDEB (RDEB-S), median costs were almost £90 000 per annum, with a median of 18 h per week spent on dressing changes. Half of working-age adults with RDEB were unemployed and 39% of carers were unable to take on full-time or part-time paid employment, adding to indirect costs and the financial burden from RDEB on families and society.

Conclusions
The findings demonstrate the high costs of care of RDEB, particularly for RDEB-S. The current expense supports the drive to develop new therapies which accelerate wound healing and diminish total wound burden, thereby reducing costs of dressings and care. While costly to bring to market, these might ultimately reduce the overall cost of treatment and also the impact on individuals living with this rare disease. The data also highlight the need for adequate reimbursement for EB care which can place significant financial strain on families.
Biobased Glycols – Towards the Use of Solid Bases in the Hydrogenolysis of Sorbitol
Authors: Beine Anna Katharina , Albano Ylenia , Reichenberger Sven , Gupta Kavita , Palkovits Regina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, mixed metal oxides of alkaline earth metals and Ti or Zr were synthesized and investigated as solid bases in the hydrogenolysis of sorbitol in combination with Ru/C. Desired products of this reaction are glycols, which are today produced from fossil feedstock and find application as monomers or anti‐freezes. The most promising mixed metal oxide CaZr−O possesses CaO, Ca(OH)2, perovskite and ZrO2 phases. CaO and Ca(OH)2 leach out over the reaction making the solid a depot for the homogeneous base. Additionally, catalytic activity also results from a synergistic effect of the solid perovskite and ZrO2 phases increasing the sum of liquid phase products. After an optimization of the process parameters, a maximum selectivity to glycols of 50 % was achieved at 74 % conversion within 4 h at 220 °C.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Sensitive Hybrid Nanomaterial Modified with a Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Fe3+ Ions
Authors: Kamel Ghada M. , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Fayed Tarek A. , El‐Kemary Maged , El‐Nahass Marwa N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, a highly sensitive nanosensor was developed by covalent grafting of Schiff base. (E)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐4‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyleneamino)‐1,2‐dihydropyrazol‐5‐one (DPPDO) on the surface of mesoporous titanium, Mes‐TiO2, via an aminopropyl bridge to get Mes‐TiO2‐NH2/DPPDO. The effective grafting was validated by different spectroscopic techniques. Using absorption, and emission measurements, the colorimetric and optical detection behaviors of several metal ions such as Mn2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Al3+, and Pb2+ were investigated. By dispersing the nanosensor in an aqueous solution containing the metal ions of interest, the resulting solid materials exhibited high binding to Fe3+ ions compared to other metal ions, resulting in dramatic fluorescence intensity up to 87 %. It showed quenching and yellow discoloration. When 0.2 M hydrochloric acid was added to the produced nanosensor‐Fe complex, the effect of the investigated nanosensor was reversible, restoring the original absorption and emission spectra of the free sensor. It is shown that there are solvent effects are also discussed for solvents of different polarities. Fluorescence quantum yields, fluorescence lifetimes, binding constants, and limit of detection were determined. In addition, reusability was evaluated to determine the adsorption efficacy of the nanosensor and was found to be effective seven times, suggesting that nanosensor is potential one for metal ion detection.
Tuning the Structure of 4‐Aminopyridine Catalysts for Improved Activity and Selectivity in Functionalization of Alcohols
Authors: Saady Fatma , Targel Tom , Fleischer Or , Amer Ibrahim , Portnoy Moshe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeeking to improve the site selectivity in the catalytic phosphorylation and acylation of a model amphiphilic substrate, further increasing the preference for the apolar domain, which we recently disclosed, we attempted to augment the nucleophilicity of the 4‐aminopyridine core unit used in our catalysts, while simultaneously preserving or even increasing the density of their lipophilic outer‐sphere components. Of the three approaches to the new catalyst design, the most promising, in the case of phosphorylation, was that placing two benzyl moieties, substituted with long apolar alkoxy groups in the ortho positions, on the amine nitrogen of the core. This modification also substantially improved the activity of the catalyst in both reactions. Although this approach reduced the selectivity in the acylation reaction, we demonstrated that by altering the geometry of the benzyl substituents (e. g., by restricting the degree of their freedom), the higher selectivity can be regained.
Effects of cardiovascular exercise on eating behaviours: Accounting for effects on stress, depression‐, and anger‐related emotional eating in women with obesity
Authors: Annesi James J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObesity remains a medical issue of great concern. Behavioural methods attempting to induce weight loss have largely failed because of a minimal understanding of stress‐ and depression‐associated psychosocial correlates. This study extended research into the effects of exercise on weight loss through psychological pathways to improve treatments. Women with obesity (N = 108), participating in an original theory‐driven cognitive‐behavioural treatment within community‐based health promotion centres, were evaluated over 24 months. Their mean scores on anxiety, depression, and anger at baseline were significantly higher than normative data from a general sample of United States women. Three serial mediation models were specified assessing mediation of the significant exercise→dietary change relationship. These yielded two significant paths: changes in exercise→anxiety→anxiety‐associated emotional eating→self‐efficacy→diet, and changes in exercise→depression→depression‐associated emotional eating→self‐efficacy→diet; and one non‐significant path: changes in exercise→anger→anger‐associated emotional eating→self‐efficacy→diet. In a subsequent moderated moderation model, change in eating‐related self‐regulation moderated the relationship between changes in anxiety and anxiety‐associated emotional eating, where exercise‐associated self‐regulation moderated effects from eating‐related self‐regulation. Dietary improvement was significantly related to weight loss over 6 (β = −0.40), 12 (β = −0.42), and 24 (β = −0.33) months. Findings indicated an increased treatment focus on the completion of moderate amounts of exercise for weight loss and, following that, attention to improvements in anxiety, depression, anxiety‐ and depression‐associated emotional eating, self‐efficacy for controlled eating, and the transfer of exercise‐related self‐regulation to eating‐related self‐regulation. Given the scope of the obesity problem, extensions of this research within field settings are warranted to accelerate application opportunities.
Engineering Directional Charge Carrier Transport Using Ferroelectric Polarization for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Xu Qian , Berardan David , Brisset François , Colbeau‐Justin Christophe , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroducing ferroelectric polarization has shown great potential to facilitate interfacial charge separation in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, unambiguous evidence of the actual influence of spontaneous ferroelectric polarization, as compared to heterojunction formation, on electron extraction and PEC water splitting is still lacking to date. Herein, core‐shell BaTiO3/TiO2 nanostructures are designed as photoanodes based on paraelectric cubic and ferroelectric tetragonal phases BaTiO3 (BTO) perovskite. The cubic and tetragonal crystalline phases are stabilized using selected elaboration methods. Compared to the paraelectric cubic (c‐BTO), the ferroelectric tetragonal (t‐BTO) leads to a favorable ferroelectric polarization, enhancing directional charge separation and as a consequence to increased photocurrent up to a factor of 1.95. More interestingly, the charge separation efficiency can be tuned by applying positive or negative polarization, with the highest charge separation obtained for the positive one. When loading Ni(OH)2 as a cocatalyst on the t‐BTO@TiO2 photoanode, the Ni(OH)2/TiO2/t‐BTO exhibits a high performance and superior stability toward PEC water oxidation with a photocurrent almost 6.7 times that of the reference SiO2@TiO2. The proposed facilitation may open an avenue to engineer charge separation and transport for high‐performance PEC water oxidation.
High‐Performance Engineered Composites Biofabrication Using Fungi
Authors: Zhang Mingchang , Zhao Xiaoqi , Bai Mingyang , Xue Jing , Liu Ru , Huang Yuxiang , Wang Mingzhi , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVarious natural polymers offer sustainable alternatives to petroleum‐based adhesives, enabling the creation of high‐performance engineered materials. However, additional chemical modifications and complicated manufacturing procedures remain unavoidable. Here, a sustainable high‐performance engineered composite that benefits from bonding strategies with multiple energy dissipation mechanisms dominated by chemical adhesion and mechanical interlocking is demonstrated via the fungal smart creative platform. Chemical adhesion is predominantly facilitated by the extracellular polymeric substrates and glycosylated proteins present in the fungal outer cell walls. The dynamic feature of non‐covalent interactions represented by hydrogen bonding endows the composite with extensive unique properties including healing, recyclability, and scalable manufacturing. Mechanical interlocking involves multiple mycelial networks (elastic modulus of 2.8 GPa) binding substrates, and the fungal inner wall skeleton composed of chitin and β‐glucan imparts product stability. The physicochemical properties of composite (modulus of elasticity of 1455.3 MPa, internal bond strength of 0.55 MPa, hardness of 82.8, and contact angle of 110.2°) are comparable or even superior to those of engineered lignocellulosic materials created using petroleum‐based polymers or bioadhesives. High‐performance composite biofabrication using fungi may inspire the creation of other sustainable engineered materials with the assistance of the extraordinary capabilities of living organisms.
Swarms of Enzyme‐Powered Nanomotors Enhance the Diffusion of Macromolecules in Viscous Media
Authors: Ruiz‐González Noelia , Esporrín‐Ubieto David , Hortelao Ana C. , Fraire Juan C. , Bakenecker Anna C. , Guri‐Canals Marta , Cugat Ramón , Carrillo José María , Garcia‐Batlletbó Montserrat , Laiz Patricia , Patiño Tania , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, the development of nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the efficiency of clinical treatments has been subject of intense research. Yet, most NPs have been reported to possess low efficacy as their actuation is hindered by biological barriers. For instance, synovial fluid (SF) present in the joints is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid (HA). These viscous media pose a challenge for many applications in nanomedicine, as passive NPs tend to become trapped in complex networks, which reduces their ability to reach the target location. This problem can be addressed by using active NPs (nanomotors, NMs) that are self‐propelled by enzymatic reactions, although the development of enzyme‐powered NMs, capable of navigating these viscous environments, remains a considerable challenge. Here, the synergistic effects of two NMs troops, namely hyaluronidase NMs (HyaNMs, Troop 1) and urease NMs (UrNMs, Troop 2) are demonstrated. Troop 1 interacts with the SF by reducing its viscosity, thus allowing Troop 2 to swim more easily through the SF. Through their collective motion, Troop 2 increases the diffusion of macromolecules. These results pave the way for more widespread use of enzyme‐powered NMs, e.g., for treating joint injuries and improving therapeutic effectiveness compared with traditional methods.
Boosting Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation via Regulating Surface Electronic Structure by CeO2 Hybridization
Authors: Fang Bin , Wang Xiao , Zhang Shuaishuai , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Rui , Wang Ke , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) paves a sustainable way to produce NH3 but suffering from the relatively low NH3 yield and poor selectivity. High‐performance NRR catalysts and a deep insight into the structure‐performance relationship are higher desired. Herein, a molten‐salt approach is developed to synthesize tiny CeO2 nanoparticles anchored by ultra‐thin MoN nanosheets as advanced catalysts for NRR. Specifically, a considerably high NH3 yield rate of 27.5 µg h−1 mg−1 with 17.2% Faradaic efficiency (FE) can be achieved at ‐0.3 V vs (RHE) under ambient conditions. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further point out that the incorporation of MoN with CeO2 can promotes the enlargement of the electron deficient area of nitrogen vacancy site. The enlarged electron deficient area contributes to the accommodation of lone pair electrons of N2, which dramatically improves the N2 adsorption/activation and the key intermediates (*NNH and *NH3) generation, thus boosting the NRR performance.
Ru Single Atoms Integrated into Cobalt Oxide Spinel Structure with Interstitial Carbon for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Guowei , Zhang Guikai , Chen Xu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a critical role in energy conversion technologies. Significant progress has been made in alkaline conditions. In contrast, it remains a challenge to develop stable OER electrocatalysts in acidic conditions. Herein, a new strategy is reported to stabilize single atoms integrated into cobalt oxide spinel structure with interstitial carbon (Ru0.27Co2.73O4), where the optimized Ru0.27Co2.73O4 exhibits a low overpotential of 265, 326, and 367 mV to reach a current density of 10, 50, and 100 mA cm2, respectively. More importantly, Ru0.27Co2.73O4 has long‐term stability of up to 100 h, representing one of the most stable OER electrocatalysts. X‐ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations jointly demonstrate that the significant catalytic performance of Ru0.27Co2.73O4 is due to the synergistic effect between the Ru and Co sites and the bridging O ligands, as well as the significant reduction of the OER energy barrier. This work provides a new perspective for designing and constructing efficient non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts for water splitting.