bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder in South Africa
Authors: Flepisi Brian Thabile , Balmith Marissa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
It is well established that South Africa has the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. The increasing widespread availability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the life-expectancy of people living with HIV. cART has dramatically reduced morbidity, however many people living with HIV continue to experience central nervous system (CNS) complications including neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and neurocognitive disorders.

Recent Findings
The pathological effects of HIV on the CNS have not been well elucidated. There are limited studies focusing on the prevalence, screening, and treatment strategies of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in South Africa. The few studies included in this review indicate that the prevalence of HAND may be higher than estimated. In addition, only a limited number of cases have been reported. This may be due to a lack of registry, screening tools, expertise, and awareness.

Summary
This review aimed to provide an overview of HAND in South Africa including prevalence, screening, and current treatment strategies. Whether South Africa has the necessary and effective screening tools remains to be determined; however, HAND screening should be mandated for all HIV-infected individuals. cART remains the mainstay treatment of HAND, currently there are no alternative treatment strategies other than adjuvant therapies. In addition, it is yet to be established whether cART plays a role in the development of HAND.
Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion: Is it ethical?
Authors: Turan Caner 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP), a new method of controlled donation after circulatory death, seems to provide more and better organs for patients on organ transplant waiting lists compared to standard controlled donation after circulatory death. Despite its benefits, the ethical permissibility of TA-NRP is currently a highly debated issue. The recent statement published by the American College of Physicians (ACP) highlights the reasons for these debates. Critics’ main concern is that TA-NRP violates the Dead Donor Rule. This paper presents an ethical analysis of the objections raised by the ACP against TA-NRP and argues that TA-NRP is not only morally permissible but also morally required where it is financially and technically feasible. To support this conclusion, the concepts of ‘resuscitation,’ ‘intention,’ ‘irreversibility,’ ‘permanence,’ ‘impossibility,’ and ‘respect’ in the context of TA-NRP are explored. Additionally, the ethical permissibility of this procedure is evaluated through the lenses of Utilitarianism, Kantianism, the core principles of bioethics, and the Doctrine of Double Effect. This ethical analysis demonstrates why the ACP’s objection lacks a solid moral foundation and conflates moral and legal considerations. This paper also argues that extra measures are needed to ensure the moral permissibility of TA-NRP, emphasizing the importance of informed consent, additional brain blood flow and activity monitoring, and a contingency plan to abort the organ procurement process if a sign of morally relevant brain activity is detected.
Population dynamic of the parasitoid Encarsia protransvena Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on its host, ficus whitefly Singhiella simplex singh (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Kırmızıoğlu Muhammed Hüseyin , Yükselbaba Utku 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ficus whitefly Singhiella simplex is a pest of Asian origin that causes economic damage to various species of Ficus spp. In this study, the population fluctuation of the parasitoid Encarsia protransvena on S. simplex was investigated in Antalya, Turkey, between August 2018 and August 2020. Yellow sticky traps were hung as one trap per direction of the F. retusa trees, and a total of 120 shoots were sampled from each direction of the F. retusa plants at weekly intervals. On the shoots, S. simplex larval stages, and parasitized larvae were counted. In both years, whitefly adults began appearing on yellow sticky traps in the second half of February, whereas parasitoid adults appeared at the beginning of March. The number of E. protransvena began to increase in May, but the increase was limited over the summer months. The number of E. protransvena in the yellow sticky trap reached its highest level, with 106.5 adults per trap in October 2018 and 120.25 adults per trap in October 2019. In shoot sampling, the highest numbers of E. protransvena larvae and pupae were observed in October 2018 and 2019, with 7.55 and 5.65 individuals per shoot, respectively. In August, September, October, and November of 2018, parasitism rates were recorded as 16, 18, 27, and 34, respectively. In August, September, October, and November of 2019, parasitism rates were observed at 14, 12, 21, and 23%, respectively. The data obtained as a result of this study may contribute to the management of S. simplex.
Regime switching forecasting for cryptocurrencies
Authors: Agakishiev Ilyas , Härdle Wolfgang Karl , Becker Denis , Zuo Xiaorui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There are many ways to model complex time series. The simplest approach is to increase the complexity, and thus, the flexibility of the model, for the entire time series. As an example, one could use a neural network. Another solution would be to change the parameters of a model dependent on the “state” or “regime” of the time series. A typical example here would be the Hidden Markov model (HMM). This paper combines the two concepts to create a Reinforcement Learning (RL) model that adds variables that depend on the state of the time series. To test the concept, the RL model is used with cryptocurrency data to determine the share to invest into the cryptocurrency index CRIX in order to maximize wealth. The results have shown that cryptocurrency metadata is useful as supplementary data for analysis of the respective prices. The Reinforcement learning model with regimes shows potential for investment management, but comes with some caveats.
Collaborative modification strategy to improve the formation of biochar-derived persistent free radicals for aniline removal via peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Zhao Zilong , Zhu Shuting , Qi Shuyu , Zhou Ting , Yang Yang , Wang Feng , Han Qi , Dong Wenyi , Wang Hongjie , Sun Feiyun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores a novel approach to biochar modification aimed at increasing persistent free radical (PFR) formation on biochar surfaces, thereby enhancing aniline removal via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. By adjusting pyrolysis temperatures and doping ratios, optimal conditions were established. Spearman's analysis highlighted the importance of C=C bonds, the ID/IG ratio, and pyridinic N in generating PFRs. The modified biochar derived at 500 ℃ (MB500), in conjunction with the PMS system demonstrated impressive efficiency, achieving 92% aniline removal within 30 min. Detailed adsorption tests and active species detection indicated that aniline degradation occurred through both direct oxidation by PFRs and indirect oxidation by reactive species, particularly superoxide radicals (O₂⋅⁻). Furthermore, the synergistic effects of heteroatom nitrogen and Na2CO3 modifications significantly impacted PFR formation and stability. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of PFR-mediated catalytic oxidation, highlighting the key roles of pyridinic rings, with or without oxygenated groups, in enhancing catalytic performance of biochar. This research advances the understanding of biochar surface chemistry and presents an effective strategy for developing high-performance biochar-based catalysts for environmental remediation, addressing the limitations of unmodified biochar through targeted surface modifications.

Graphical Abstract
Utilizing IT-supported precision management measures to enhance rational drug use in primary healthcare institutions: a study of an internet-based regional prescription audit center
Authors: Feng Huancun , Zhu Jiangwei , Tang Xiaoyan , Chen Yuting , Tan Lu , He Binghong , Zhang Qun , Chen Wenying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to elevate the qualified rate (QR) of prescriptions and improve rational drug use while also minimizing adverse drug events in primary healthcare institutions within a designated region through information technology (IT)-supported precision management.
In this study, a retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the changes in the QR and adverse event rate associated with 5,923,764 prescriptions across 13 community health service centers in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, before and after the implementation of IT support. Detailed records and analyses were conducted on specific psycho-narcotic drugs, the appropriate use of antimicrobial prescriptions, and the incidence of adverse events following the introduction of IT support.
Following the IT-supported precision management, 13 community health service centers witnessed a notable surge in the average QR of prescriptions, rising from 91.90% to 96.97% from 2018 to 2021 (P < 0.05). Among this, the average QR of psychotropic and anesthetic drugs, as well as antibiotics prescriptions at the same center showed a significant increase, while the average utilization rate of antibiotics demonstrated a marked decrease. Furthermore, the average incidence rate of adverse events caused by high-alert drugs dwindled from 225 cases/year in 2020 to 109 cases/year in 2021.
The integration of a regional remote prescription audit center for IT-supported precision management of drug use in primary healthcare institutions has improved prescription quality and diminished the incidence rate of adverse drug events, indicating a significant contribution to the distribution of high-quality pharmacy resources of Grade IIIA hospitals to primary healthcare institutions. This initiative also improves rational drug use, marking a pioneering innovation in pharmacy practice that deserves commendation.
Queen conch aquaculture remains a conservation symbol and is not yet a fisheries solution
Authors: Kough Andrew , Matsuda Shayle , Appeldoorn Richard , Boman Erik , Galassini Kayley , Delgado Gabriel , Ehrhardt Nelson , Glazer Robert , Gnanalingam Gaya , Tewfik Alexander , Stoner Allan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conservation aquaculture, defined as cultivating aquatic organisms to manage or replenish natural populations, has been advocated as a strategy to enhance fisheries production and help restore declining populations. Culture is especially compelling for species in steep decline and for which there is established methodology. The queen conch Aliger gigas is an example of a species with widely overexploited populations, with attempts to culture the species commercially ongoing for > 40 years. However, hatchery-releases have shown low survival from post-settlement to near maturity, leading to low conservation aquaculture potential. When this is viewed alongside large-scale fishery extractions, it is apparent that it is not commercially feasible to replace wild harvest nor ecologically feasible to replenish queen conch populations using existing aquaculture approaches. An age-based mortality model estimates the magnitude of culture required to replace a single adult of reproductive age. Extrapolations from catch–weight relationships highlight the scale of facilities and costs required to partially offset the harvest in a typical Caribbean fishery. Estimates of reproduction to achieve replacement suggest a greater yield from properly protecting natural breeding aggregations. Queen conch aquaculture is useful for scientific inquiry, community engagement and education, but not for stock enhancement or population restoration without more practical and cost-efficient options. Therefore, protecting breeding aggregations should be prioritized for the ecological viability of the species, as well as for its economic value for the people and industries that rely upon it.
Loop Current West of the Luzon Strait Triggered by Kuroshio Cut‐Off Events East of Taiwan Island
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Hao , Ho Chung‐Ru , Zheng Quanan , Zheng Zhe‐Wen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the variations in vorticity in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) resulting from the cut‐off of the Kuroshio main path east of Taiwan Island. Absolute dynamic topography and satellite altimeter eddy tracking data from 1993 to 2021 were employed to analyze the momentum ratio of the Kuroshio and mesoscale eddies concerning Kuroshio cut‐off events through their interaction. The results revealed 12 events where mesoscale cyclonic eddies east of Taiwan Island cut off the Kuroshio main path, resulting in intensified loop currents in the Luzon Strait and increased negative vorticity in the NSCS. Six of these events occurred between 1998 and 2013, coinciding with the negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) regime. During this period, negative vorticity triggered by Kuroshio cut‐off events rose by 79% in the NSCS, compared to 34% during the positive PDO regime. The Kuroshio interacted with mesoscale cyclonic eddies east of Taiwan for 28 days during the negative PDO regime and 41 days during the positive PDO regime. The Kuroshio velocity strengthened east of Luzon Island but weakened east of Taiwan Island during the negative PDO regime, elucidating the observed disparity. The average duration between the occurrence of mesoscale cyclonic eddy impinging on the Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island and the peak negative vorticity observed in the NSCS was approximately 28 days. This was comparable to data obtained using field measurements.
A North Pacific Meridional Section (U.S. GEOTRACES GP15) of Helium Isotopes and Noble Gases II: Shallow Distributions
Authors: Jenkins W. J. , Doney S. C. , Seltzer A. , German C. R. , Lott D. E. , Cahill K. L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe distribution of helium isotopes in the upper kilometer of the water column along the GP15 section in the central Pacific reflects the large‐scale patterns of upwelling hydrothermal 3He in the tropics and sub‐polar gyre, tracing two important pathways whereby bottom water exits from the deep Pacific. Heavy noble gas saturation anomalies, particularly in the upper two hundred meters of the water column, are more strongly increased by seasonal radiative heating, while lighter noble gas saturation anomalies are increased more by air injection processes. A similar, seasonally persistent radiative heating feature was observed in the Equatorial Undercurrent, and appears to be replicated in climate system model simulations. The origin of this feature, however, remains a mystery. A heuristic component model explains the noble gas saturation anomaly distributions, separating the influences of air injection, barometric pressure and radiative heating/cooling. Results show cohesive spatial patterns consistent with where water masses originate, their circulation, and gas exchange dynamics in relation to their formation regions. Using this model, we diagnose the distribution of “non‐atmospheric” 4He in shallow waters, which parallels the helium isotope anomaly and silica distributions.
Characteristics of the Summer Regional Precipitation Events in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin and Associated Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Rongchang , Huang Anning , Huang Danqing , Tang Jian , Xu Xiaoke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBased on the hourly rainfall gauge data and ERA5 reanalysis data of 1980–2022, this study reveals the characteristics of regional precipitation events (RPEs) over the middle and lower Yangtze River basin (MLYRB) in summer and associated mechanisms. Results show that the RPEs contribute more than 60% of the summer total rainfall over most of MLYRB and dominate the morning diurnal peak, interannual variation, and phased increasing trend for the summer total precipitation over MLYRB. The RPEs mainly occurring under two monsoonal types with shear line (Type1 and Type2; 91.4%) and landfalling tropical cyclone type (Type3; 8.6%) show higher precipitation occurrence probability in southern/northern and eastern MLYRB. The synoptic types of summer RPEs over MLYRB show a clear sub‐seasonal variation associated with the development of East Asian summer monsoon, with Type1, Type2, and Type3 concentratively occurring in June to early July (78%), late June to July (62%) and late July to August (81%), respectively. Meanwhile, the diurnal variation of RPE precipitation amount under the synoptic Type1 and Type2 (Type3) exhibits a predominant morning (afternoon) peak. Meanwhile, the increasing trend of total RPE rainfall during 1980–1999 (2000–2022) is mainly contributed by the RPEs under Type1 (Type1 and Type2 together). The reduced coverage rate and the occurrence hours of RPEs under the monsoonal synoptic types dominate the weakened diurnal variation of the RPE precipitation amount during 2000–2022 compared with 1980–1999. This study provides a new scientific reference for the differences in the characteristics of summer RPEs in the MLYRB under different synoptic types.
Efficacy of oral irrigators compared to other interdental aids for managing peri-implant diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Gandhi Gargi , Masanam Bhoomika Sai Laxmi , Nair Ananya Sudhakaran , Semani Nidhi , Chopra Aditi , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Peri-implant diseases (peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) are inflammatory conditions that affect the peri-implant tissues and are induced by microbial biofilms (dental plaque) formed around the implant. Removal of biofilm is the fundamental step in managing peri-implant diseases. Interdental cleaning aids such as interdental brush, unitufted brush, or oral irrigation along with regular toothbrushing are recommended for effective plaque control around implants. The present systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of home use of oral irrigators compared to other plaque control methods for managing peri-implant diseases.

Method
This systematic review has been prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA) checklist. Five databases were searched using the following keywords: “Peri-implantitis” OR Periimplantitis OR “Peri-implant disease” OR “Peri-implant Mucositis” AND “Oral irrigation” OR “Oral Irrigator” OR Waterpik OR “Interdental irrigation” OR “Oral Spray” OR “Oral Irrigants”.

Results
Oral irrigator along with mechanical brushing was found to be more effective than mechanical brushing alone in reducing the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). No statistically significant difference in improvement in quality of life and patient satisfaction with regard to comfort and ease of use was noted upon using mechanical toothbrushing alone and an oral irrigator. Implant sites where an oral irrigator was used showed more reduction in BOP (81.8% vs 33.35%) compared to sites where the floss was used (P = 0.0018). The levels of the red and orange complex bacteria in the peri-implant biofilm were lower with the use of an oral irrigator than with toothbrushing alone.

Conclusion
Oral irrigators along with toothbrushing were found to be more effective in removing microbial plaque around implants and controlling peri-implant inflammation compared to mechanical brushing alone. The reduction in BOP was better with the use of oral irrigation compared to floss and interdental brush.
SP-1-activated LINC01016 overexpression promotes gastric cancer invasion and metastasis through inhibiting EIF4A3-mediated MMP9 mRNA decay
Authors: Sun Ying , Zhang Hui , Shi Duan-bo , Gao Peng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators during gastric cancer (GC) development and may be viable treatment targets. In the present study, we showed that the expression of the long intergenic noncoding RNA 01016 (LINC01016) is significantly higher in GC tissues with lymph node metastasis (LNM) than those without LNM. LINC01016 overexpression predicts a poorer relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, we found that LINC01016 is activated by transcriptional factor SP-1 and contributes to the overt promotion of cell migratory ability. EIF4A3 was identified as a binding partner of LINC01016 by RNA pull-down assay, mass spectrometry and western blot. We determined that LINC01016 can blocks the binding of EIF4A3 to MMP9 mRNA, thereby inhibiting EIF4A3-mediated nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), increasing MMP9 mRNA level and protein expression levels to promote tumor progression. LINC01016 or LINC01016-mediated EIF4A3/MMP9 may be potential therapeutic targets for patients with GC.
Polycotton waste textile recycling by sequential hydrolysis and glycolysis
Authors: Leenders Nienke , Moerbeek Rijk M. , Puijk Matthijs J. , Bronkhorst Robbert J. A. , Bueno Morón Jorge , van Klink Gerard P. M. , Gruter Gert-Jan M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a result of the current high throughput of the fast fashion collections and the concomitant decrease in product lifetime, we are facing enormous amounts of textile waste. Since textiles are often a blend of multiple fibers (predominantly cotton and polyester) and contain various different components, proper waste management and recycling are challenging. Here, we describe a high-yield process for the sequential chemical recycling of cotton and polyester from mixed waste textiles. The utilization of 43 wt% hydrochloric acid for the acid hydrolysis of polycotton (44/56 cotton/polyester, room temperature, 24 h) results in a 75% molar glucose yield from the cotton fraction, whereafter the hydrolysate solution is easily separated from the solid polyester residue. The reaction is scalable, as similar results are obtained for experiments performed at 1 mL, 0.1, and 1.0 L and even in a 230 L pilot plant reactor, where mixed postconsumer polycotton waste textile is successfully recycled. The residual polyester is successfully converted via glycolysis to bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate in 78% isolated yield (>98% purity).
Convergent evidence for the temperature-dependent emergence of silicification in terrestrial plants
Authors: Pang Zhihao , de Tombeur Félix , Hartley Sue E. , Zohner Constantin M. , Nikolic Miroslav , Violle Cyrille , Mo Lidong , Crowther Thomas W. , Guan Dong-Xing , Luo Zhongkui , Zhu Yong-Guan , Wang Yuxiao , Zhang Ping , Peng Hongyun , Strömberg Caroline A. E. , Nikolic Nina , Liang Yongchao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research on silicon (Si) biogeochemistry and its beneficial effects for plants has received significant attention over several decades, but the reasons for the emergence of high-Si plants remain unclear. Here, we combine experimentation, field studies and analysis of existing databases to test the role of temperature on the expression and emergence of silicification in terrestrial plants. We first show that Si is beneficial for rice under high temperature (40 °C), but harmful under low temperature (0 °C), whilst a 2 °C increase results in a 37% increase in leaf Si concentrations. We then find that, globally, the average distribution temperature of high-Si plant clades is 1.2 °C higher than that of low-Si clades. Across China, leaf Si concentrations increase with temperature in high-Si plants (wheat and rice), but not in low-Si plants (weeping willow and winter jasmine). From an evolutionary perspective, 77% of high-Si families (>10 mg Si g−1 DW) originate during warming episodes, while 86% of low-Si families (<1 mg Si g−1 DW) originate during cooling episodes. On average, Earth’s temperature during the emergence of high-Si families is 3 °C higher than that of low-Si families. Taken together, our evidence suggests that plant Si variation is closely related to global and long-term climate change.