bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private dental visits per dentist in Spain from 1987 to 1997
Authors: Bravo Manuel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: In view of the sharp increase in the number of dentists in Spain, the aim of the present study was to analyse changes in the private dentist workload in Spain over the period 1987–97.Methods: Data were taken from censuses of the population and of dental practitioners, and from the Spanish National Health Interview Surveys. The percentage of people that had visited the dentist in the 3 months prior to the survey was calculated, and of these, the percentage whose last visit was private. The total number of visits made by those people was taken as the estimate of total private visits in Spain during 3 months. Total private activity in 1 year was derived by multiplying this estimate by four. Annual private activity was then divided by the number of dentists.Results: From 1987 to 1997, the Spanish population grew 2.5% (from 38.7 to 39.7 million) and the number of dentists increased by 136.1% (from 6373 to 15 044). The total annual number of private dental visits (±SE) was 35.7 ± 1.0 million in 1987, and 48.9 ± 2.0 million in 1997 – a 36.8% increase. Thus, the mean number of private dental visits per dentist decreased 42.0% (from 5610 ± 152 to 3251 ± 133).Conclusion: A significant reduction in private dental visits per dentist is taking place in Spain.
Erosion, caries and rampant caries in preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Malik Manal I. , Holt Ruth D. , Bedi Raman 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion in preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to relate this to caries and rampant caries in the same children.Methods:A sample of 987 children (2–5 years) was drawn from 17 kindergartens. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardised conditions by a trained and calibrated examiner (M.Al‐M.). Measurement of erosion was confined to primary maxillary incisors and used a scoring system and criteria based on those used in the UK National Survey of Child Dental Health. Caries was diagnosed using BASCD criteria. Rampant caries was defined as caries affecting the smooth surfaces of two or more maxillary incisors.Results:Of the 987 children, 309 (31%) had evidence of erosion. For 186 children this was confined to enamel but for 123 it involved dentine and/or pulp. Caries were diagnosed in 720 (73%) of the children and rampant caries in 336 (34%). The mean dmft for the 987 children was 4.80 (±4.87). Of the 384 children who had caries but not rampant caries, 141 (37%) had erosion, a significantly higher proportion than the 72 (27%) out of 267 who were clinically caries free (SND=2.61,P<0.01). Of the 336 with rampant caries, 96 (29%) also had evidence of erosion.Conclusions:The level of erosion was similar to that seen in children of an equivalent age in the UK. Caries was a risk factor for erosion in this group of children.
Socio‐economic effect on caries. Incidence data among Swedish 12–14‐year‐olds
Authors: Källestål Carina , Wall Stig 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objective: To assess whether socioeconomic factors are associated with the progression of caries, independently of a previous history of caries. Subjects and methods: In 1995, as part of a longitudinal study of preventive measures, 3373 Swedish 12‐year‐olds were examined for caries and answered a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic level (SEL), ethnicity and residential area. The examination was repeated in 1997 when 3109 of the teenagers participated. Baseline caries and increments in the incidence of caries were computed. The influence of structural variables on baseline caries as well as a 2‐year increment were analysed by means of Poisson regression. Results: The risk of having caries as 12‐year‐olds was greater in workers' and immigrants' children, as well as in urban teenagers. The risk of developing new caries was most influenced by an earlier experience of caries. The social gradient was, however, still visible when a previous experience of caries was accounted for. The pattern found in the cross‐sectional data from 1995, with more caries in children from workers' families, therefore prevailed in the increment data. Conclusion: Irrespective of earlier caries status there is a social gradient in caries progression. It therefore seems that the preventive methods do not function to the equal benefit of all children.
The Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales compared
Authors: Jamieson Lisa M. , Murray Thomson W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:The objective was to determine whether the Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales measure similar constructs and have similar associations in the same population sample.Methods:A random sample of 600 residents in the Dunedin South Electorate were sent a self‐report questionnaire containing the Dental Neglect scale and the Dental Indifference scale. Socio‐demographic and dental service‐use data were also collected.Results:In all, 478 people (78.2%) returned the questionnaire. The mean Dental Neglect score was 12.4 (SD 4.4). The mean Dental Indifference scale score was 3.1 (SD 1.9). The association between the scales' scores was moderate (r = 0.58;P < 0.01), and there was only a moderate degree of concordance between the two. The two scales had largely similar associations with socio‐demographic, oral care and self‐care, and oral health impact characteristics, although slightly more associations were found with the Dental Indifference scale. The Dental Neglect scale was found to be easier to use than the Dental Indifference scale because it did not require a complex algorithm to compute scale scores.Conclusions:  The degree of concordance between the Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales was not as high as expected, which suggests that the scales may measure different constructs. However, the largely similar associations with important oral health and socio‐demographic variables of the scales suggest the opposite. Although the Dental Indifference scale was slightly more discriminative, the Dental Neglect scale was easier to use in practice.
Medically administered antibiotics, dietary habits, fluoride intake and dental caries experience in the primary dentition
Authors: Mariri Boipelo P. , Levy Steven M. , Warren John J. , Bergus George R. , Marshall Teresa A. , Broffitt Barbara 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: Dental caries continues to be a major public health problem in the US and other nations, particularly among younger children. Unfortunately, understanding of factors contributing to caries in this age group is incomplete and further studies are necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess factors related to extensive caries experience among children aged 4–7 years, including antibiotic use, dietary patterns, fluoride intakes, and tooth brushing habits.Methods: The case‐control study was nested within a longitudinal cohort study of children's oral health. The larger cohort study collected data on fluoride intakes and behavioral factors, including antibiotic use and dietary patterns of children periodically from birth. A single dental examination was completed for each child at a time between the ages of 4–7 years. A case‐control design was used to compare children with severe caries experience (6 or greater dmfs) to those with no caries experience. Cases (n = 39) included all who met the criteria and had sufficient longitudinal data (n = 39) while a control group was selected to have comparable mean age, exam dates, and an equal number of boys and girls.Results: Backward elimination logistic regression controlling for demographic variables showed severe caries experience to be related to greater regular pop/other sugared beverage intake, greater frequency of starch foods, and greater frequency of eating occasions. Mother's education and fluoride intake from water were inversely related to severe caries experience. Antibiotic use was generally higher in the control group, but was not significantly different than in the severe caries group.Conclusions: Although we cannot rule out the possibility that antibiotics may be associated with increased or decreased caries risk, our data suggest that they play only a minor role in caries prevention compared to fluoride. Dietary sugar continues to be a significant risk factor for caries in the primary dentition.
Giant‐sized condyloma of the breast with focal acantholytic changes
Authors: Googe Paul B. , Chung Sung J. , Simmons John , King Roy 
Published: March 2003

Background/Aims:A healthy 26‐year‐old pregnant woman presented with a 6.0‐cm exophytic mass in her left inframammary fold. The lesion was surgically excised.Methods: Histopathologic sections of the skin lesion were reviewed in hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides. Additional sections were studied by an in situ hybridization method for human papillomavirus DNA (HPV) types 6 and 11.Results: The histopathologic examination demonstrated a benign exophytic, verrucous and papillary epidermal proliferation with features of condyloma acuminatum. Reactivity to HPV DNA types 6 and 11 was demonstrated by in situ hybridization method. The epidermis adjacent to, and focally within, the neoplasm showed multiple areas of suprabasilar and intraepidermal acantholysis without dyskeratosis.Conclusions: Condylomas related to HPV 6 and 11 may be found in extragenital locations including conjunctiva, oral and nasal mucosa. To our knowledge, however, the extragenital condylomas described in the literature have not included the giant‐sized variant. We describe an example of a benign, giant‐sized condyloma acuminatum of the breast with nearby acantholytic alterations similar to Hailey‐Hailey disease.
Solitary fibrous tumors are immunophenotypically distinct from mesothelioma(s)
Authors: Morgan Michael B. , Smoller Bruce R. 
Published: March 2003

Introduction:Solitary fibrous tumor is a soft tissue tissue tumor of unknown histogenesis. Based upon histologic similarities and CD‐34 expression, it has been suggested that these neoplasms bear some relationship to mesothelioma, and may represent its extra‐pleural equivalent.Methods: In order to further investigate this possible relationship, we examined a series of five dermal and five extra‐cutaneous solitary fibrous tumors with antibodies directed against the mesothelial markers calretinin and HBME‐1.Results: All the lesions failed to stain with the antibodies tested. This suggests that despite some similar histologic and immunophenotypic features, these lesions are not immunophenotypically identical. Mesotheliomas are CD‐34(+), calretinin(+), HBME‐1(+), while solitary fibrous tumors are CD‐34(+), calretinin(−), HBME‐1(−).Conclusions: The histogenesis of solitary fibrous tumor remains elusive. It is unlikely that tumor location or tumor de‐differentiation accounts for the dichotomous staining properties, as these neoplasms show a similarly benign histologic appearance regardless of location.
Quantitation of human herpes virus 8 DNA in paraffin‐embedded biopsies of HIV‐associated and classical Kaposi’s sarcoma by PCR
Authors: Bezold Guntram , Messer Gerald , Peter Ralf Uwe , Flaig Michael J. , Sander Christian A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs in patients seropositive and seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8). The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the amount of HHV8 DNA in formalin‐fixed tissue sections of Kaposi’s sarcoma.Methods: From 27 biopsies of Kaposi’s sarcoma patients, tissue sections were taken and deparaffinized. Four patients were HIV seronegative and 13 were HIV seropositive. After extraction of DNA copy numbers of HHV8 and β‐globin were determined in every sample by quantitative PCR ELISA using an internal quantitation standard. Results were expressed as HHV8 per β‐globin.Results: No significant differences were found between biopsies from HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients (14.8±19.6 HHV8 per 1000 β‐globin in HIV‐positive versus 18.0±23.5 in HIV‐negative patients).Conclusions: These data suggest that HHV8 viral load in Kaposi’s sarcoma is relatively low and does not differ in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative samples. The importance of viral load determination for prognosis or treatment monitoring remains to be elucidated.
Quantitative histopathologic findings of erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
Authors: Kim Min Gi , Hong Seok Jin , Son Sook Ja , Song Hae‐Jun , Kim Il Hwan , Oh Chil Hwan , Moon Jong Sub 
Published: March 2003

Background: Even though only 33 cases of Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli (EFFC) have been reported around the world, there have been no quantitative clinicopathological studies yet.The purpose of this study is to examine quantitatively clinical and histopathological evaluations of EFFC using image analysis system.Method: Clinical grading of its severity was assessed. Many parameters of the horny layer, granular layer, epidermis and the dermal components were measured and compared to controls by image analysis. The correlation between the histological findings and clinical grading was assessed.Result: Thickness and compactness of the horny layer was significantly increased in EFFC. There were no significant differences in the number of melanocytes and severity of pigmentation between EFFC and controls; however, melanization was slightly increased in EFFC. The percent area of the superficial blood vessels was significantly increased and correlated with visual grading of erythema. Diameters of hair shafts and outer root sheaths, and thickness of inner root sheaths were decreased. Basal layer pigmentation was correlated with the clinical features of pigmentation.Conclusion: This study supported the findings of hyperkeratosis and dilatation of superficial dermal blood vessels in EFFC. The pigmentation of the basal layer and the percent area of the inner spaces of the superficial dermal blood vessels may reflect the clinical severity more than the other parameters. Although follicular plugging is a characteristic clinical feature of EFFC, enlargement of hair follicles and hair shafts were not characteristic pathologic changes EFFC in our study.
Follicular mycosis fungoides: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: DeBloom James , Severson Jessica , Gaspari Anthony , Scott Glynis 
Published: March 2003

Background:Follicular mycosis fungoides is an unusual variant of mycosis fungoides (MF). Unlike classic MF where atypical lymphocytes show a predilection for the epidermis (epidermotropism), follicular MF displays a malignant lymphocytic infiltrate tropic for hair follicles (folliculotropism). This malignant lymphocytic infiltrate results in follicular disruption typically manifesting clinically as plaques, comedones and follicular papules.Methods:This report describes a 40‐year‐old patient with follicular MF presenting as nodules on the face and chest. Histologic examination of the patient’s biopsy revealed a folliculocentric infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes with sparing of the epidermis.Results and Conclusions:Our case is discussed in the context of previously reported cases of follicular MF; we also include a review of all cases of follicular MF published to date that meet the strict criterion for this diagnosis.
Subcutaneous malignant epithelioid schwannoma with cartilaginous differentiation
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuji , Minami Rieko , Ohbayashi Chiho 
Published: March 2003

Background: Malignant epithelioid schwannoma is a rare tumor. The aim of this study is to describe a case of subcutaneous malignant epithelioid schwannoma with cartilaginous differentiation.Methods: Histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural examinations were performed on a tumor that arose on the back of a 37‐year‐old woman.Results: Histologically, the tumor predominantly consisted of small, round or polygonal cells arranged in cords or nests. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the tumors cells were positive for vimentin, S‐100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron specific enolase. The cells were negative for HMB‐45, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and CAM5.2. Electron microscopic study showed closely associated cells with undifferentiated features. The cells were devoid of external laminae and cellular junctions.Conclusion: Malignant epithelioid schwannoma should be pathologically differentiated from other epithelioid tumors with cartilaginous elements.
Granulomatous slack skin: an ultrastructural study
Authors: Tsuruta Daisuke , Kono Takeshi , Kutsuna Haruo , Yashiro Noriko , Ishii Masamitsu 
Published: March 2003

Background:Granulomatous slack skin is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by gradual development of pendulous folds of lax erythematous skin in flexural areas, and histologically by non‐necrotizing granuloma, with numerous multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear histiocytes, and atypical lymphocytes associated with loss of elastic fibers. Although there are many reports describing the histological and immunophenotypic features of this disease, only a few have described the ultrastructural features.Methods: Here we report a case of granulomatous slack skin and describe the ultrastructural findings.Results and conclusion:We could detect some previously not noted abnormal findings in multinucleated giant cells, histiocytes, and atypical lymphocytes.
Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis: a new spindle cell variant resembling dendritic cell sarcoma
Authors: Rosenberg Arlene Sylvia , Morgan Michael B. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic disorder. Its varied histological presentation and rarity have limited efforts to determine its pathogenic relationship with other histiocytic lesions and possibly, its recognition.Methods: We report on an unusual histologic pattern of indeterminate cell histiocytosis that resembled follicular dendritic sarcoma. A battery of immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy were performed to elucidate the phenotype of the “histiocytic” cells. Based on a review of the literature, reported cases of indeterminate cell histiocytosis are presented and the diagnostic differential of spindle‐cell lesions is discussed.Results: Spindling histiocytes were positive for S‐100 and CD1a. The monocytic/macrophage marker, CD68, and the dendritic cell marker, CD21, were negative. Electron microscopy failed to reveal Birbeck granules.Conclusions: Relatively few reports of indeterminate cell histiocytosis exist, some of which include discussion of potential overlaps with the non‐X histiocytoses. Although the presence of prominent spindling in our case expanded the differential to include non‐histiocytic disorders, the identified histiocytes unequivocally fulfilled the criteria of S‐100 and CD1a positivity without demonstrable Birbeck granules.
Spindle cell angiosarcoma following irradiation therapy for cervical carcinoma
Authors: Kiyohara Takahiro , Kumakiri Masanobu , Kobayashi Hitoshi , Itoh Kei , Lao Li‐Min , Ohkawara Akira , Nakamura Hideki 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Angiosarcomas arise in the scalp and face in the elderly, in association with chronic lymphedema (Stewart–Treves syndrome), and in irradiated areas. Rarely in these settings, angiosarcomas exhibit pure spindle cell phenotype.Methods:  Herein, the clinicopathologic features of a 72‐year‐old‐woman with spindle cell angiosarcoma are described.Results:  A 72‐year‐old woman presented with numerous nodules and diffuse induration from the lower abdomen to the right buttock, corresponding to the area exposed to 60Co‐irradiation during treatment for cervical carcinoma 10 years earlier. Histopathological examination revealed inflitrative, atypical, spindle cells that labeled with antibodies to CD31, CD34, and factor VIII‐related antigen. Ultrastructurally, these malignant spindle cells contained Weibel–Palade bodies. No features suggesting radiation dermatitis (sclerosis or bizarre, large fibroblasts) were identified, but lymphangiectases and widely spaced collagen bundles(lymphedema) were prominent in the skin surrounding the angiosarcoma. Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen highlighted this histologic finding by demonstrating tumor masses limited to areas of lymphedema. Treatment with intravenous and local injections of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) followed by electron beam irradiation were initially effective with tumor remission for 2 months. However, the recurrent tumor did not respond to a second course of one‐shot injection of rIL 2 through the abdominal aorta and the patient succumbed to her angiosarcoma 19 months after diagnosis.Conclusions:  Radiation‐induced lymphedema may be a factor in angiosarcoma associated with radiotherapy.
Fibroepithelioma‐like changes occurring in perianal Paget's disease with rectal mucinous carcinoma: case report and review of 49 cases of extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi , Sato Katsuhiko , Wada Takashi , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Toyota Noriaki , Shibaki Taiichiro , Yamazaki Kousuke , Tokusashi Yoshihiko , Miyokawa Naoyuki , Iizuka Hajime 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Anogenital Paget's disease (PD) may be accompanied by varying degrees of epidermal hyperplasia. The histological changes can be reminiscent of fibroepithelioma of Pinkus.Methods:  We present a case of perianal PD associated with fibroepitheliomatous epidermal hyperplasia in a 76‐year‐old‐man with an underlying rectal mucinous carcinoma. We also carried out a retrospective analysis of 51 biopsies from 49 cases of extramammary PD to see whether particular epidermal changes occur in association with PD in different anatomic locations.Results:  A tumor, 3 cm in diameter, was noted in the patient's perianal skin. Histologically, it was composed of anastomosing thin epithelial strands with follicular differentiation. Paget's cells were distributed in the epithelial strands of this tumor as well as in the surrounding epidermis and anal epithelia. In our series of extramammary PD, epidermis was hyperplastic in two of two perianal cases, 26 of 43 genital skin samples, and one of six axillary PD biopsies. The stroma beneath the hyperplastic epidermis tended to be rich in thin collagen fibers and fibroblasts.Conclusions:  Anogenital PD was more frequently associated with epidermal hyperplasia than axillary PD. Fibroepitheliomatous hyperplasia may be induced by the altered stroma associated with PD.