bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical characteristics of ternary fat blends involving low‐erucic rapeseed oil
Authors: Braipson‐Danthine Sabine , Gibon Véronique , Deroanne Claude 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSome fat systems made of low‐erucic (LERO) and hydrogenated low‐erucic rapeseed oil (HLERO) blended with a third component are studied for their physical properties, especially for solid fat content by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (pNMR) and melting profile by differential scanning calorimetry; a comparison is made with a commercial bakery shortening. The third component is made of hydrogenated palm oil (HPO), palm oil (PO), palm stearin (Pst), palm olein (Pol) or anhydrous milk fat (AMF). The goal is to increase the chain length diversity of the systems. Polymorphic stability is evaluated by powder X‐ray diffraction. HPO is the best beta‐prime‐stabilizing agent, followed by PO and its fractions, then by AMF. However, only a small part of the ternary diagram made with HPO, the best beta‐prime‐stabilizing agent, displays a melting profile similar to the commercial bakery shortening. In contrast, the diagrams made of PO and of its fractions show greater composition zones suitable for use as bakery shortenings. In this series, Pol seems to be the best candidate. A restricted AMF‐HLERO‐LERO beta‐prime composition zone has also a solid fat content profile (by pNMR) similar to the commercial bakery shortening.
Application of an external contactless conductivity detector for the analysis of beverages by microchip capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kubáň Pavel , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractQuantitative total ionic analysis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages was performed by microchip capillary electrophoresis with external contactless conductivity detection. An electrolyte solution consisting of 10.5 mM histidine, 50 mM acetic acid, and 2 mM 18‐crown‐6 at pH 4.1 was used for the determination of NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Mg2+. Fast analysis of Cl−, NO3−, and SO42− was achieved in 20 mM 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid /histidine electrolyte solution at pH 6.0 and the simultaneous separation of up to 12 inorganic and organic anions was performed in a solution containing 10 mM His and 7 mM glutamic acid at pH 5.75. Limits of detection ranged from 90 to 250 μg/L for inorganic cations and anions, and from 200 to 2000 μg/L for organic anions and phosphate. Calibration curves showed linear dependencies over one to two orders of magnitude when the stacking effect was minimized by injecting standard solutions prepared in background electrolyte solutions. Total analysis times of 35 and 90 s were achieved for the determination of 5 inorganic cations and for the simultaneous determination of 12 inorganic and organic anions, respectively, which represents a considerable reduction of analysis time compared to conventional separation methods used in food analysis.
A fast method for quantitative proteomics based on a combination between two‐dimensional electrophoresis and 15N‐metabolic labelling
Authors: Snijders Ambrosius P. L. , de Vos Marjon G. J. , de Koning Bart , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe provide a method for accurate protein quantitation that uses two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis for protein separation, but does not require extensive statistical analysis of staining intensities on gels. Instead, accurate quantitation occurs on the mass spectrometer (MAS) on multiple peptides to provide statistical evidence. In an example study, Sulfolobus solfataricus cells were grown on the carbon sources glucose, fructose and glutamate. The glucose phenotype (reference) was grown on 15N‐enriched medium. Next, the glutamate and the fructose phenotypes are mixed with the reference and two 2‐D gels are created. Staining intensities of gel spots in this case are used for initial, semiquantitative assessment of differential expression. On this basis, spots are selected for accurate quantitation on the MAS. A number of differentially expressed proteins were found, for example: a (25.2 ± 8.2)‐fold upregulation of isocitrate lyase and a (7.14 ± 0.82)‐fold downregulation of glucose dehydrogenase on glutamate compared to glucose. With this protocol, intergel and interlaboratory comparisons are facilitated, since the light and heavy versions of a protein are equally affected by variations in sample preparation and buffer composition. Because the statistical evidence is gathered on the MAS, the need to run vast numbers of gels is removed.
A probabilistic approach for estimating the seismic response of elasto‐plastic SDOF systems
Authors: D'Ambrisi Angelo , Mezzi Marco 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe seismic response of elasto‐plastic structures to both recorded and generated accelerograms is characterized by a large scattering of the results, even for accelerograms with similar peak ground acceleration values and frequency content. According to current code recommendations a design value of the seismic response of an elasto‐plastic structure can be computed as the mean of the responses to a certain number of spectrum‐fitting generated accelerograms. A more effective probabilistic approach is presented herein. It allows the analyst to calculate a design value of the seismic response characterized by a predefined non‐exceedance probability using a limited number of generated accelerograms. The results of the performed analyses are presented in diagrams that can be used for structural design applications. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated in the case of an elasto‐plastic structural system and the results are compared with those obtained applying current code recommendations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability analysis of real‐time dynamic substructuring using delay differential equation models
Authors: Wallace M. I. , Sieber J. , Neild S. A. , Wagg D. J. , Krauskopf B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractReal‐time dynamic substructuring is an experimental technique for testing the dynamic behaviour of complex structures. It involves creating a hybrid model of the entire structure by combining an experimental test piece—the substructure—with a numerical model describing the remainder of the system. The technique is useful when it is impractical to experimentally test the entire structure or complete numerical modelling is insufficient.In this paper, we focus on the influence of delay in the system, which is generally due to the inherent dynamics of the transfer systems (actuators) used for structural testing. This naturally gives rise to a delay differential equation (DDE) model of the substructured system. With the case of a substructured system consisting of a single mass–spring oscillator we demonstrate how a DDE model can be used to understand the influence of the response delay of the actuator. Specifically, we describe a number of methods for identifying the critical time delay above which the system becomes unstable.Because of the low damping in many large structures a typical situation is that a substructuring test would operate in an unstable region if additional techniques were not implemented in practice. We demonstrate with an adaptive delay compensation technique that the substructured mass–spring oscillator system can be stabilized successfully in an experiment. The approach of DDE modelling also allows us to determine the dependence of the critical delay on the parameters of the delay compensation scheme. Using this approach we develop an over‐compensation scheme that will help ensure stable experimental testing from initiation to steady state operation. This technique is particularly suited to stiff structures or those with very low natural damping as regularly encountered in structural engineering. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chitosan/gelatin–based films crosslinked by proanthocyanidin
Authors: Kim Sungwoo , Nimni Marcel E. , Yang Zhi , Han Bo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNovel polymer networks consisting of crosslinked gelatin/chitosan were prepared by a solution casting technique. Methods for bulk crosslinking were developed to modify the gelatin/chitosan blends with the use of a nontoxic crosslinking reagent, proanthocyanidin (PA). FTIR spectral analyses of the preparations showed network formations of crosslinked gelatin, chitosan, and PA by amide and ester linkages. The crosslinked networks were stable in the aqueous state, and had improved mechanical properties and thermal stability when compared with nonlinked gelatin (G) and chitosan/gelatin (C/G) films. In vitro protease digestion and cell‐culture studies showed that the PA‐crosslinked C/G films are nontoxic and exhibited decreased biodegradation rate and a better ability to support cell adhesion and proliferation than noncrosslinked gelatin or chitosan alone. These results suggest that such a nontoxic crosslinked gelatin/chitosan scaffold can become a promising matrix for tissue‐engineering applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Buffer solution can control the porosity of DNA‐chitosan complexes
Authors: Fukushima Tadao , Hayakawa Tohru , Okamura Kazuhiko , Takeda Shoji , Inoue Yusuke , Miyazaki Koji , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe current studies examine the pore properties and biological effects of DNA‐chitosan complexes, which may be useful as scaffolds for tissue engineering. The porosity of the DNA‐chitosan complexes was controlled by rinsing them with several different pH 7.2 buffer solutions, including phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), Tris‐HCl, boric acid, and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine‐N′‐(2‐ethanesufonic acid) (HEPES). Rinsing with PBS resulted in 84% porosity, whereas rinsing with Tris‐HCl produced 94% porosity. It was further found that daunorubicin hydrochloride complex intercalated with and bound to the groove of the DNA‐chitosan complexes, indicating that DNA in the complexes maintains its double‐stranded helical structure. The DNA‐chitosan complexes were not toxic to MG‐63 osteoblast‐like cells and caused only a mild tissue response when implanted subcutaneously in the backs of rats. These results suggest that buffer‐rinsed DNA‐chitosan complexes may be useful as a scaffold material in tissue engineering. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
The effect of curing modes on polymerization contraction stress of a dual cured composite
Authors: Feng L. , Suh B. I. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAlthough a lower curing rate is often cited as the reason why a chemical cured (CC) dental composite produces lower polymerization contraction stress (PCS) than a light cured (LC) composite, the exact mechanism is still unclear. In addition, the comparison is often made by using different brands of composites. The comparison's fairness is questionable because the two composites have different compositions and preparation procedures. The goal of the present work was to determine if the curing mode alone can produce different PCS. We formulated a dual cured composite and prepared it the same way for both CC and LC modes. We measured PCS by a strain gauge method, shrinkage by a video‐imagining technique, degree of conversion (DC) by infrared spectroscopy, and flexural modulus by the three‐point bending test. The CC specimens showed lower PCS and lower flexural modulus than the LC specimens, although both possessed an identical chemical composition and physical texture before cure. This finding indicates that the curing mode alone can affect PCS. Because the CC and LC specimens produced a similar shrinkage and DC, the lower modulus is considered to be one of the reasons for the lower stress. Using a structural inhomogeneity model, we explained how a resin composite with an identical DC can have different physical properties such as the modulus. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Bone formation using human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells and a biodegradable scaffold
Authors: Hattori Hidemi , Masuoka Kazunori , Sato Masato , Ishihara Miya , Asazuma Takashi , Takase Bonpei , Kikuchi Makoto , Nemoto Koichi , Ishihara Masayuki 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHuman adipose tissue, obtained by liposuction, was processed to obtain a fibroblast‐like population of cells or adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells (ATSCs). The ATSCs, as well as bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), have the capacity for renewal and the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages of mesenchymal tissues. These cells are capable of forming bone when implanted ectopically in an appropriate scaffold. The aim of this study was to evaluate a β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) as a scaffold and to compare the potential of osteogenic differentiation of ATSCs with BMSCs. Both cell types were loaded into β‐TCP disk and cultured in an osteogenic induction medium. Optimal osteogenic differentiation in ATSCs in vitro, as determined by secretion of osteocalcin, scanning electron microscope, and histology, were obtained in the culturing with the β‐TCP disk. Furthermore, bone formation in vivo was examined by using the ATSC‐ or BMSC‐loaded scaffolds in nude mice. The present results show that ATSCs have a similar ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and to synthesize bone in β‐TCP disk as have BMSCs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Volume changes in the gallbladder in association with various radiologic examinations
Authors: Nazaroǧlu Hasan , Akgül Cihan , Bükte Yaşar , Bilici Aslan , Şimşek Masum 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to evaluate with sonography the volume changes of the gallbladder after intravenous administration of nonionic, iodinated contrast agents with or without ingestion of contrast agent or water.MethodsA total of 191 patients received intravenous injection of 50 ml of nonionic contrast agent (Group A), intravenous injection of 100 ml of contrast medium (Group B), intravenous injection of 100 ml of contrast medium together with ingestion of 1000 ml of a dilute solution of contrast medium (Group C), or 1000 ml of water taken orally (Group D). The gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasonography in the fasting state in all groups, 15 minutes after intravenous injection of contrast medium in Groups A, B, and C and 30 minutes after water ingestion in Group D.ResultsIn all groups, the volume of the gallbladder was statistically lower after the procedure than before. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of this gallbladder volume change.ConclusionsIntravenous injection of nonionic, iodinated contrast medium or ingestion of water or a dilute solution of contrast medium for various radiological examinations results in contraction of the gallbladder. Contrast‐enhanced radiological examinations may interfere with sonographic evaluation of the gallbladder. If necessary, gallbladder ultrasonographic examination should be repeated with the patient in a fasting state. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:214–217, 2005
Contrast‐enhanced power Doppler sonography of malignant ovarian tumors using harmonic flash‐echo imaging: preliminary experience
Authors: Kohzuki Masatomo , Kanzaki Toru , Murata Yuji 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo investigate the potential usefulness of contrast‐enhanced intermittent harmonic sonography in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, we evaluated 4 patients with complex adnexal masses suspected of malignancy using intermittent harmonic sonography after injection of a contrast agent. Tumor and/or mural nodule tissue enhancement was detected in all cases of ovarian malignancy. Contrast‐enhanced, intermittent harmonic sonography provides a satisfactory visualization of blood flow in the solid portion of the tumor tissue and may support a diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. Depiction of blood vessels using low MI techniques may be possible with other vascular ultrasonographic contrast agents. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:237–247, 2005
Proteomic comparison of two fractions derived from the transsynaptic scaffold
Authors: Phillips Greg R. , Florens Laurence , Tanaka Hidekazu , Khaing Zin Z. , Fidler Lazar , Yates John R. , Colman David R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA fraction derived from presynaptic specializations (presynaptic particle fraction; PPF) can be separated from postsynaptic densities (PSD) by adjusting the pH of Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) extraction of isolated transsynaptic scaffolds. Solubilization of the PPF corresponds to disruption of the presynaptic specialization. We show that the PPF is insoluble to repeated TX‐100 extraction at pH 6.0 but becomes soluble in detergent at pH 8.0. By immunolocalization, we find that the major proteins of the PPF, clathrin and dynamin, are concentrated in the presynaptic compartment. By using multidimensional protein identification technology, we compared the protein compositions of the PPF and the PSD fraction. We identified a total of 341 proteins, 50 of which were uniquely found in the PPF, 231 in the PSD fraction, and 60 in both fractions. Comparison of the two fractions revealed a relatively low proportion of actin and associated proteins and a high proportion of vesicle or intracellular compartment proteins in the PPF. We conclude that the PPF consists of presynaptic proteins not connected to the actin‐based synaptic framework; its insolubility in pH 6 and solubility in pH 8 buffered detergent suggests that clathrin might be an anchorage scaffold for many proteins in the PPF. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capillary electrophoresis determinative and GC‐MS confirmatory method for water‐soluble organic acids in airborne particulate matter and vehicle emission
Authors: Dabek‐Zlotorzynska Ewa , Aranda‐Rodriguez Rocio , Graham Lisa 
Published: July 2005

AbstractUrban fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) and vehicle emission samples were studied for water‐soluble low‐molecular‐weight carboxylic acids using CE with indirect UV detection. Further identification of these acids was achieved using GC‐MS as their butyl esters (after derivatization with BF3/butanol). Several dicarboxylic acids in the range C2–C10 including straight‐chain, branched‐chain, cis‐ and trans‐unsaturated, and aromatic acids were confirmed by GC‐MS. In addition, aromatic acids such as benzoate, phthalate, terephthalate, isophthalate, and 4‐methylphtalate were present in such samples, but some of these were not well resolved by the used CE method. Oxocarboxylic acids (Cw<?h ‐3dd>n with n > 4) were also identified by GC‐MS but not determined by CE due to lack of standards. The rapidity and simplicity of the CE method were clearly demonstrated, and the method was observed to be advantageous for routine monitoring of water‐soluble organic acids in airborne PM2.5 and vehicle emission at low μg/L levels.
Characterization of Azerbaijani and Croatian brown naphthalane
Authors: Alajbeg Andja , Donelli Dubravka , Alajbeg Ivan , Telen Sanda , Šegudović N. , Srića Vlasta , Podolski Štefica , Blažeković Snjezana 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn spite of the fact that noncolored (nonaromatic) naphthalane containing high sterane content has been proved as bioactive and efficient in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris, brown naphthalanes, which contain aromatics, are still in use. Thousands of patients, who have been passing through the therapy, deserve thorough and permanent study of brown naphthalanes. For that reason, two frequently used brown naphthalane preparations, one of the Azerbaijani (N1) and the other of the Croatian (N2) origin, were studied. The samples underwent the study by means of GC, OT LC, and normal‐phase HPLC, as separation techniques. In addition, some bulk properties, elemental composition, and group composition by 1H NMR were determined. GC‐MS served in compound types, especially in sterane detection. Both of the samples were found to be unresolved complex mixtures, relatively poor in n‐alkanes. Isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic compounds, in a great variety of isomers and homologs, made the majority of both of the samples. N1 was a dark, viscous, nontransparent fluid with a strong petroleum smell. Aromatics, which made 53% mass by OT LC and 54% mass by 1H NMR were found to be composed of mono‐, di‐, and tri+‐aromatic compounds. Tri+‐aromatic compounds were three to four times more abundant in N1 than in N2. Beside hydrocarbons, N1 comprised some organic compounds with polar functional groups. Also, some asphaltenes were found in it. N1 contained well‐presented steranes, which are thought to be bioactive naphthalane ingredients. N2 was a pale brown liquid, with smell similar to gasoline. It contained somewhat lower percentage of aromatics (46% mass) and comparatively lower percentage of tri+ fused aromatics among which carcinogens might be expected. N2 was almost purely composed of hydrocarbons. It seemed to contain low content of steranes due to relatively low upper temperature of the distillation range applied in N2 preparation.
Effects of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐mediated cholesterol depletion in porcine sperm compared to somatic cells
Authors: van Gestel R.A. , Helms J.B. , Brouwers J.F.H.M. , Gadella B.M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this study, the use of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MBCD) to support capacitation of sperm cells was studied. Sperm were incubated with MBCD or alternatively capacitated in an in vitro fertilization medium. The effects of these incubations on phospholipid scrambling (using merocyanin), cholesterol depletion, GM‐1 localization (using cholera‐toxin B (CTX)), and membrane deterioration were assessed. For comparison, this was also tested in MBCD‐treated MDCK cells. In MDCK cells, upto 71% of cholesterol was depleted, which coincided with a more diffuse CTX staining without any obvious effects on cell viability. In sperm, a similar depletion of 53% cholesterol was found after a 10 mM MBCD treatment. However, no merocyanin response was observed in viable sperm after MBCD treatments (indicating a lack of membrane changes associated with sperm capacitation). In contrast to MDCK, cells >1mM MBCD caused plasma membrane disintegration and rendered sperm immotile. At higher concentrations also acrosome disruption was noted. CTX staining was absent at < 0.1 mM MBCD incubations but appeared at higher MBCD levels and was found to be specific for deteriorated cells that showed morphological signs of acrosome disruption. No significant plasma membrane deterioration, acrosome disruption, and sperm immotility nor CTX staining and only a modest (< 15%) cholesterol depletion were observed in conventionally capacitated sperm, where 40% of the intact sperm showed merocyanin staining. Taken together, the results indicate that membranes of sperm are more sensitive to MBCD‐mediated cholesterol depletion than MDCK cells and that the use of MBCD to support sperm capacitation cannot be recommended due to its spermicidal effects. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finite element analysis of flows in secondary settling tanks
Authors: Kleine D. , Reddy B. D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe equations governing unsteady flows in secondary settling tanks, a component of the wastewater treatment process, are analysed using the finite element method. The model corresponding to such liquid–solid flows is highly non‐linear and coupled, and incorporates the effects of turbulence. The results of numerical simulations are compared against experimental results from tests on full‐scale settling tanks, and against results obtained from a finite difference code based on an idealized one‐dimensional flux theory. The results compare well with the test results, over the range of applicability of the model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.