bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PECULIARITIES OF THE IMPACT OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT GROUNDING ON FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Authors: Боков Г.В. , Смелков Г.И. , Назаров А.А. , Дармина Н.М. 
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена исследованию влияния заземляющих устройств сети электроснабжения на пожарную опасность технических средств системы противопожарной защиты. Рассмотрены особенности проявления характерных пожароопасных режимов при замыкании фазы сети на открытые проводящие части. Показано, что вероятность возникновения пожароопасных режимов, связанных с системой противопожарной защиты, зависит от исправного состояния электрической защиты и от типа заземления в здании. Отмечено, что при утечке на землю ток не будет пожароопасным вследствие ограничения его сопротивлением заземляющего устройства и грунта.
The paper presents the results of the study of the effect of grounding-related fire emergency modes on the fire hazard of the fire protection system. The influence of grounding devices on the fire hazard of electrical equipment of the fire protection system is shown. The performance of individual components of fire protection (for example, fire alarm systems) during operation is under constant control, and the condition of protection devices installed in the network and grounding devices is checked only periodically. Their faulty condition can be established by checking, the frequency of which is regulated by the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations. A failed protection device during the period between performance tests will not be able to turn off the electrical part of the fire protection system, in the elements of which a fire hazardous mode will occur, with the corresponding consequences. And besides, this system will not be able to perform a functional task. The features of emergency modes manifestation are noted. The most characteristic modes that occur during an emergency phase short circuit to open conductive parts of the electrical equipment of fire protection systems are considered. There are established features that characterize the fire hazard of electrical equipment when using TN and TT grounding as the most common in buildings. The change in the grounding device resistance during operation has a little effect on the magnitude of the earth fault current. The current is largely limited by the ground resistance and does not create a fire hazard from this emergency mode depending on the type of grounding, electrical equipment may present a fire hazard if the phase is short-circuited to grounded elements (including the PE conductor) and the protection devices fail to operate. At the same time, the absence of a differential current protective shutdown device in the power supply circuit will allow, in the event of a leakage to grounded elements during a fire, to continue working for a period of time until the overcurrent protection device trips.
PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENTS TO THE METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE CALCULATED VALUES OF FIRE RISK AT INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
Authors: Гордиенко Д.М. , Некрасов В.П. , Угорелов В.А. , Леончук П.А. , Фомин М.В. 
Published: December 2023

Методика определения расчетных величин пожарного риска на производственных объектах была утверждена более десяти лет тому назад и за время ее применения хорошо зарекомендовала себя. Вместе с тем она не позволяет учитывать факторы, способные оказать влияние на безопасность людей, такие, как предел огнестойкости строительных конструкций на путях эвакуации, распределение вероятности эвакуации людей, или кумулятивный эффект, наблюдающийся при воздействии на эвакуирующихся людей опасных факторов пожара. Кроме того, данная Методика не распространяется на объекты с обращением радиоактивных веществ. В настоящей работе предлагается внести в Методику определения расчетных величин пожарного риска на производственных объектах изменения, позволяющие учесть указанные выше замечания.
The fire risk value for production facilities is assessed in accordance with the “Methodology for determination the calculated fire risk values at industrial facilities” (approved by the Order of EMERCOM of Russia dated 10 July 2009 No. 404, the amandments were approved by the Order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated 14 December 2010 No. 649). The article indicates some of the most relevant, according to the authors' opinion, areas of elaboration of the methodology. The approaches that can be implemented to clarify and expand the scope of the methodology are described. The issues of the problems of fire risk assessment at facilities with the circulation of radioactive substances are indicated. At the same time, due to differences in the specifics of technological operations carried out at such facilities, a common approach for all these facilities is practically not considered. The issue of assessing the reliability of building structures in case of fire is considered separately. The approach proposed for introduction into the methodology is described. It is also proposed as an alternative, when assessing the critical duration of a fire by heat flow, to take into account the cumulative effect when people move along escape routes. The problems caused by the lack of information about the thermophysical and chemical parameters of many modern materials are formulated. It significantly reduces the correctness of calculations of the spread of fire hazards in buildings.
FIRE SAFETY FEATURES OF HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS AS WELL AS BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES FOR REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF HYDROGEN-FUELLED VEHICLES
Authors: Вогман Л.П. , Рукавишников М.М. , Хатунцев А.Ю. , Воронина Е.А. 
Published: December 2023

Существующая в России нормативная правовая база в области пожарной безопасности не отражает в полной мере требования в отношении объектов водородной энергетики, в частности, водородной инфраструктуры, предназначенной для обслуживания и хранения транспорта, использующего водород в качестве газомоторного топлива. При этом популярность водородного транспорта в мире неуклонно растет. В настоящей работе представлены предложения по совершенствованию нормативных требований к обеспечению пожарной безопасности заправочных станций, зданий и сооружений по ремонту и обслуживанию автомобилей с учетом обращения в них водорода.
At present, the Russian Federation is actively discussing the development of hydrogen energy. Despite this, the construction of hydrogen energy facilities, in particular, infrastructure for hydrogen transport, is constrained by the low sophistication of hydrogen transport and storage technologies, its high fire hazard, and the weak development of the regulatory framework in this area. Today, the specialists of the Institute are carrying out a number of research works to develop requirements to ensure fire safety of hydrogen handling facilities. One of the main directions is standardization of hydrogen filling stations, as well as buildings and structures for servicing hydrogen vehicles. This article describes the relevance of the ongoing scientific research, considers the regulatory documents in force in Russia and abroad with regard to motor transport infrastructure facilities, as well as hydrogen handling facilities. The specificity of the fire hazard of hydrogen, the results of scientific research related to the study of this specificity are considered. The result of the work is a list of requirements for hydrogen fuelling stations, buildings and premises for hydrogen transport maintenance and repair.
Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani Melalui Program Keterampilan di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Kembaran Kalikajar Wonosobo
Authors: Ahmad Robihan  
Published: December 2023

Abstrak
Di era seperti sekarang ini, pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam, tidak hanya dituntut untuk transfer keilmuan Islam sebatas teori-teori dari kitab-kitab kuning saja, namun haruslah menyelenggarakan program-program pendidikan yang bermutu dan berkualitas sebagai bekal hidup santri. Berdasar latar belakang itulah penulis mengangkat judul Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani Melalui Program Keterampilan di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Luwihan Kembaran Kalikajar Wonosobo.
Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk mengetahui pengembangan sumber daya insani melalui program keterampilan di pondok pesantren Darul Ulum, 2) untuk mengetahui kualitas sumber daya insani yang ada di pondok pesantren Darul Ulum, dan 3) untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung, penghambat dan solusinya dalam pengembangan sumber daya insani di pondok pesantren Darul Ulum.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, yaitu penelitian yang berupaya menggambarkan keadaan suatu obyek penelitian berdasarkan kualitas item yang didapat dalam penelitian. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) Bahwa pengembangan sumber daya insani di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum melalui program-program keterampilan antara lain; Khitobah, Tata Boga, Rebana, Tilawatil Qur’an, Pembacaan Albazanji, dan Kerajinan tangan. 2) Bahwa kualitas sumber daya insani santri di pondok pesantren Darul Ulum tergolong rendah, karena kebanyakan santri hanya menamatkan pendidikan formal sampai tingkat dasar dan menengah, belum mengetahui keilmuan agama secara mendalam, dan belum memiliki keterampilan secara khusus. 3) Faktor pendukung; minat santri cukup besar, adanya lembaga lain yang bersedia memberikan pelatihan. Hambatan yang ada diantaranya; minimnya tenaga profesional dalam pengembangan keterampilan, pemanfaatan waktu yang kurang maksimal, anggaran, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai. Solusi dari permasalahan yang ada yaitu perlunya penyelenggaraan pelatihan-pelatihan yang diikuti oleh tenaga pendidik, memanfaatkan waktu yang sudah ada secara maksimal, dan bekerja sama dengan lembaga atau instansi yang tidak terikat.
Kata kunci: Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani, Program Keterampilan
A JWST Survey for Planetary Mass Brown Dwarfs in IC 348*
Authors: Luhman K. L. , Alves de Oliveira C. , Baraffe I. , Chabrier G. , Geballe T. R. , Parker R. J. , Pendleton Y. J. , Tremblin P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We have obtained images of the center of the star-forming cluster IC 348 with the James Webb Space Telescope and have identified brown dwarf candidates based on their photometry and point-like flux profiles. Low-resolution spectroscopy has been performed on four promising candidates, three of which have molecular absorption bands that indicate late spectral types. Among those late-type objects, the brightest is similar to known young L dwarfs while the other two show the so-called 3.4 μm feature that has been previously observed in the diffuse interstellar medium and in the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan, which has been attributed to an unidentified aliphatic hydrocarbon. Those two objects also exhibit features between 1.1 and 2.6 μm that we identify as the overtone and combination bands for that hydrocarbon. After accounting for the hydrocarbon bands, the remaining spectral features are consistent with youth and inconsistent with field dwarfs. Based on the low extinctions of those objects and the strengths of the overtone and combination bands, we conclude that the hydrocarbon resides in their atmospheres rather than in foreground material. Thus, our detections of the 3.4 μm feature are the first in atmospheres outside of the solar system. The presence of this hydrocarbon is not predicted by any atmospheric models of young brown dwarfs. Based on its luminosity and evolutionary models, the faintest new member of IC 348 has an estimated mass of 3–4 M
Jup, making it a strong contender for the least massive free-floating brown dwarf that has been directly imaged to date.
Resolved Velocity Profiles of Galactic Winds at Cosmic Noon
Authors: Vasan G. C. Keerthi , Jones Tucker , Sanders Ryan L. , Ellis Richard S. , Stark Daniel P. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Barone Tania M. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Glazebrook Karl , Jacobs Colin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the kinematics of the interstellar medium (ISM) viewed “down the barrel” in 20 gravitationally lensed galaxies during cosmic noon (z = 1.5–3.5). We use moderate-resolution spectra (R ∼ 4000) from Keck’s Echellette Spectrograph and Imager and Magellan/MagE to spectrally resolve the ISM absorption in these galaxies into ∼10 independent elements and use double Gaussian fits to quantify the velocity structure of the gas. We find that the bulk motion of gas in this galaxy sample is outflowing, with average velocity centroid

v

cent

=
−
141

km s−1 (±111 km s−1 scatter) measured with respect to the systemic redshift. A total of 16 out of the 20 galaxies exhibit a clear positive skewness, with a blueshifted tail extending to ∼ −500 km s−1. We examine scaling relations in outflow velocities with galaxy stellar mass and star formation rate, finding correlations consistent with a momentum-driven wind scenario. Our measured outflow velocities are also comparable to those reported for FIRE-2 and TNG50 cosmological simulations at similar redshift and galaxy properties. We also consider implications for interpreting results from lower-resolution spectra. We demonstrate that while velocity centroids are accurately recovered, the skewness, velocity width, and probes of high-velocity gas (e.g., v
95) are subject to large scatter and biases at lower resolution. We find that R ≳ 1700 is required for accurate results for the gas kinematics of our sample. This work represents the largest available sample of well-resolved outflow velocity structure at z > 2 and highlights the need for good spectral resolution to recover accurate properties.
Investigating APOKASC Red Giant Stars with Abnormal Carbon-to-nitrogen Ratios
Authors: Bufanda Erica , Tayar Jamie , Huber Daniel , Hasselquist Sten , Lane Richard R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The success of galactic archeology and the reconstruction of the formation history of our Galaxy relies critically on precise ages for large populations of stars. For evolved stars in the red clump and red giant branch, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio ([C/N]) has recently been identified as a powerful diagnostic of mass and age that can be applied to stellar samples from spectroscopic surveys such as Sloan Digital Sky Survey/APOGEE. Here, we show that at least 10% of red clump stars and red giant branch stars deviate from the standard relationship between [C/N] and mass. We use the APOGEE–Kepler (APOKASC) overlap sample to show that binary interactions are responsible for the majority of these outliers and that stars with indicators of current or previous binarity should be excluded from galactic archeology analyses that rely on [C/N] abundances to infer stellar masses. We also show that the Data Release 14 APOGEE analysis overestimates the surface gravities for even moderately rotating giants (vsini > 2 km s−1).
Dark Matter Cosmology with Varying Viscosity: A Possible Resolution to the S
8 Tension
Authors: Ashoorioon Amjad , Davari Zahra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study varying forms of viscous dark matter (DM) and try to address the intriguing tensions of the standard model of cosmology with recent cosmological data, including the Hubble and S
8 tensions. We note that by assuming the DM viscosity depends on the Hubble parameter, DM density, or both, one can improve the statistics. Although the models tend to aggravate the Hubble tension a bit, they tend to reduce the S
8 tension, even in comparison with the constant viscosity case. Since similar-to-viscosity massive neutrinos suppress the power spectrum of matter on small length scales, considering them along with the viscous DM, we find that the neutrino mass range is tightened.
Solar Evolution Models with a Central Black Hole
Authors: Bellinger Earl P. , Caplan Matt E. , Ryu Taeho , Bollimpalli Deepika , Ball Warrick H. , Kühnel Florian , Farmer R. , de Mink S. E. , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hawking proposed that the Sun may harbor a primordial black hole (BH) whose accretion supplies some of the solar luminosity. Such an object would have formed within the first 1 s after the Big Bang with the mass of a moon or an asteroid. These light BHs are a candidate solution to the dark matter problem, and could grow to become stellar-mass BHs if captured by stars. Here we compute the evolution of stars having such a BH at their center. We find that such objects can be surprisingly long-lived, with the lightest BHs having no influence over stellar evolution, while more massive ones consume the star over time to produce a range of observable consequences. Models of the Sun born about a BH whose mass has since grown to approximately 10−6
M
⊙ are compatible with current observations. In this scenario, the Sun would first dim to half its current luminosity over a span of 100 Myr as the accretion starts to generate enough energy to quench nuclear reactions. The Sun would then expand into a fully convective star, where it would shine luminously for potentially several gigayears with an enriched surface helium abundance, first as a sub-subgiant star, and later as a red straggler, before becoming a subsolar-mass BH. We also present results for a range of stellar masses and metallicities. The unique internal structures of stars harboring BHs may make it possible for asteroseismology to discover them, should they exist. We conclude with a list of open problems and predictions.
Optical and Near-infrared Observations of the Distant but Bright “New Year’s Burst” GRB 220101A
Authors: Zhu Zi-Pei , Lei Wei-Hua , Malesani Daniele B. , Fu Shao-Yu , Liu Dong-Jie , Xu Dong , D’Avanzo Paolo , Agüí Fernández José Feliciano , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Gao Xing , Nicuesa Guelbenzu Ana , Jiang Shuai-Qing , Kann David Alexander , Klose Sylvio , Liu Jin-Zhong , Liu Xing , De Pasquale Massimiliano , de Ugarte Postigo Antonio , Stecklum Bringfried , Thöne Christina , Markku Viuho Joonas Kari , Zhu Yi-Nan , Li Jin-Da , Gao He , Lu Tian-Hua , Xiao Shuo , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Xin Li-Ping , Wei Jian-Yan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
High-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are useful to probe the early Universe, but only a few candidates have been detected so far. Here, we report the optical and near-infrared observations of the afterglow of a relatively high-redshift event GRB 220101A, which was triggered on New Year’s Day of 2022, and therefore referred to as the “New Year’s burst.” With the optical spectra obtained by XL2.16/BFOSC and NOT/ALFOSC, we determine the redshift of the burst to be z = 4.615. We find that the optical afterglow of GRB 220101A is one of the most luminous ever detected. Based on our optical and near-infrared data, and combined with the X-ray observations, we perform a multiband fit with the Python package afterglowpy. The jet opening angle is constrained to ∼3.°4, which is consistent with the jet-break time at ∼0.7 day. We also determine the circumburst density of n
0 = 0.15 cm−3 and kinetic energy E
K,iso = 3.5 × 1054 erg. In the prompt phase of the burst, we find a “mirror” feature in the lightcurve from 80 s to 120 s. The physical origin of such a mirror feature is unclear.
Probing the Mass Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Dark Matter Halos at High Redshifts by Gravitational Wave Experiments
Authors: Furusawa Kazuya , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Shuichiro , Ichiki Kiyotomo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Numerous observations have shown that almost all galaxies in our Universe host supermassive black holes (SMBHs), but there is still much debate about their formation and evolutionary processes. Recently, gravitational waves (GWs) have been expected to be a new and important informative observation, in particular, in the low-frequency region by making use of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). As an evolutionary process of the SMBHs, we revisit a dark matter (DM) halo–SMBH coevolution model based on the halo merger tree employing an ansatz for the mass relation between the DM halos and the SMBHs at z = 6. In this model, the mass of SMBHs grows through their mergers associated with the halo mergers, and hence, the evolutionary information must be stored in the GWs emitted at the mergers. We investigate the stochastic gravitational background from the coalescing SMBH binaries, which the PTAs can detect, and also the GW bursts emitted at the mergers, which can be detected by the mHz band observations such as LISA. We also discuss the possibility of probing the mass relation between the DM halos and the SMBHs at high redshift by future GW observations.
Classification and nomenclature of temperate forest types in Mexico
Authors: Ávila-Akerberg Víctor , Rosaliano-Evaristo Rubén , González-Martínez Tanya , Pichardo-García Brayan , Serrano-González Diana 
Published: December 2023

Aims: To analyze and synthesize the principal contributions to the creation of a classification of established forests in sub-humid, temperate climatic regions in Mexico. Methods: Documentary analysis and review of works on the classification of the vegetation of Mexico, with emphasis from 1950 to the present. To identify and analyze the terms frequently used to refer to these plant communities, the following was done: literature search, analysis of frequencies and co-occurrences of these terms that appeared in the titles of the documents. A list of associations of these communities was compiled through a documentary review. Results: Vegetation classification proposals, both nationally and internationally, tend towards the standardization of criteria and nested hierarchical integration at various levels based on physiognomic, climatic, phenological and floristic attributes. The two highest levels of organization in these proposals are based on major vegetation, defined by vegetation forms and climatic criteria as “temperate forests”. Meanwhile lower levels, including the level of associations, are based on their floristic composition. The most frequently used term to refer to these plant communities, according to the documents used in the search, is “temperate forest”, although other terms frequently used are “coniferous forest”, “pine forest”, and “oak forest”. Conclusions: Knowledge about the classification of vegetation in Mexico dates back to pre-Hispanic times. However, it was not until the second half of the 20th century that solid proposals that are influential today were put forward. Given the high biological diversity of the country, it is still a pending task to characterize and make an inventory of the diversity at the level of associations that form this type of temperate forests.
Taxonomic reference: Villaseñor (2016).
Abbreviations: FVT = Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; SECLAVEMEX = Mexican Vegetation Classification System; SMO = Sierra Madre Oriental; SMOc = Sierra Madre Occidental; SMS = Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS).