bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temozolomide As Initial Treatment for Adults With Low-Grade Oligodendrogliomas or Oligoastrocytomas and Correlation With Chromosome 1p Deletions
Authors: Hoang-Xuan K. , Capelle L. , Kujas M. , Taillibert S. , Duffau H. , Lejeune J. , Polivka M. , Crinière E. , Marie Y. , Mokhtari K. , Carpentier A.F. , Laigle F. , Simon J.M. , Cornu P. , Broët P. , Sanson M. , Delattre J.Y. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose To determine the response rate of low-grade oligodendroglial tumors (LGOT) to temozolomide (TMZ) as initial treatment and to evaluate the predictive value of chromosome 1p deletion on the radiologic response. Patients and Methods Adult patients with pathologically proven LGOT with progressive disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were eligible for the study. TMZ was administered at the starting dose of 200 mg/m2/d for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Response was evaluated clinically and by central review of MRIs. Chromosome 1p and 19q deletions were detected by the loss of heterozygosity technique. Results Sixty consecutive patients were included in the study. At the time of analysis, the median number of TMZ cycles delivered was 11. Clinically, 51% of patients improved, particularly those with uncontrolled epilepsy. The objective radiologic response rate was 31% (17% partial response and 14% minor response), whereas 61% of patients had stable disease and 8% experienced disease progression. The median time to maximum tumor response was 12 months (range, 5 to 20 months). Myelosuppression was the most frequent side effect, with grade 3 to 4 toxicity in 8% of patients. Loss of chromosome 1p was associated with objective tumor response (P < .004). Conclusion TMZ is well tolerated and provides a substantial rate of response in LGOT. Chromosome 1p loss is correlated with radiographic response and could be a helpful marker for guiding therapeutic decision making in LGOT.
Transcription Suppression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ2 Gene Expression by Tumor Necrosis Factor α via an Inhibition of CCAAT/ Enhancer-binding Protein δ during the Early Stage of Adipocyte Differentiation
Authors: Kudo Masataka , Sugawara Akira , Uruno Akira , Takeuchi Kazuhisa , Ito Sadayoshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTNFα is known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and induce insulin resistance. Moreover, TNFα is known to down-regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ2, an adipocyte-specific nuclear receptor of insulin-sensitizer thiazolidinediones. To clarify molecular mechanisms of TNFα- mediated PPARγ2 down-regulation, we here examined the effect of TNFα on transcription regulation of PPARγ2 gene expression during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (2 d after 100% confluent) were incubated in a differentiation mixture (dexamethasone, insulin, 3-isobutyl-1-methlxanthine), with or without 50 ng/ml TNFα, for 24 h. TNFα significantly decreased PPARγ2 expression both at mRNA and protein levels (to ∼40%), as well as aP2 mRNA expression. The mouse PPARγ2 gene promoter region (2.2-kb) was isolated and was used for luciferase reporter assays by transient transfection. TNFα significantly suppressed PPARγ2 gene transcription (to ∼50%), and deletion analyses demonstrated that the suppression was mediated via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) binding elements at the −320/−340 region of the promoter. Moreover, TNFα significantly decreased expression of C/EBPδ mRNA and protein levels (to ∼40%). EMSA, using 3T3-L1 cells nuclear extracts with the −320/−340 region as a probe, demonstrated the binding of C/EBPδ to the element, which was significantly decreased by TNFα treatment. Overexpression of CEBP/δ prevented the TNFα-mediated suppression of PPARγ2 transactivation. Taken together, TNFα suppresses PPARγ2 gene transcription by the inhibition of C/EBPδ expression and its DNA binding during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, which may contribute to the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, as well as the induction of insulin resistance.
Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (R176Q) Delineate a Putative Role for Parathyroid Hormone in Renal Phosphate Wasting Disorders
Authors: Bai Xiuying , Miao Dengshun , Li Jiarong , Goltzman David , Karaplis Andrew C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a recently characterized protein likely involved in the regulation of serum phosphate homeostasis. Increased circulating levels of FGF23 have been reported in patients with renal phosphate-wasting disorders, but it is unclear whether FGF23 is the direct mediator responsible for the decreased phosphate transport at the proximal renal tubules and the altered vitamin D metabolism associated with these states. To examine this question, we generated transgenic mice expressing and secreting from the liver human FGF23 (R176Q), a mutant form that fails to be degraded by furin proteases. At 1 and 2 months of age, mice carrying the transgene recapitulated the biochemical (decreased urinary phosphate reabsorption, hypophosphatemia, low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and skeletal (rickets and osteomalacia) alterations associated with these disorders. Unexpectantly, marked changes in parameters of calcium homeostasis were also observed, consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, in the kidney the anticipated alterations in the expression of hydroxylases associated with vitamin D metabolism were not observed despite the profound hypophosphatemia and increased circulating levels of PTH, both major physiological stimuli for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. Our findings strongly support the novel concept that high circulating levels of FGF23 are associated with profound disturbances in the regulation of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism as well as calcium homeostasis and that elevated PTH levels likely also contribute to the renal phosphate wasting associated with these disorders.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Zebrafish
Authors: Miguel-Queralt Solange , Knowlton Michelle , Avvakumov George V. , Al-Nouno Rana , Kelly Greg M. , Hammond Geoffrey L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) transports androgens and estrogens in the blood of vertebrates including fish. Orthologs of SHBG in fish are poorly defined, and we have now obtained a zebrafish SHBG cDNA and characterized the zebrafish SHBG gene and protein through molecular biological, biochemical, and informatics approaches. Amino-terminal analysis of zebrafish SHBG indicated that its deduced precursor sequence includes a 25-residue secretion polypeptide and exhibits 22–27% homology with mammalian SHBG sequences and 41% with a deduced fugufish SHBG sequence. The 356-residue mature zebrafish SHBG (39,243 Da) sequence comprises a tandem repeat of laminin G-like domains typical of SHBG sequences; contains three N-glycosylation sites; and exists as a 105,000 ± 8700 Da homodimer. Zebrafish SHBG exhibits a high affinity and specificity for sex steroids. An RT-PCR indicated that SHBG mRNA first appears in zebrafish larva, and SHBG mRNA was localized within the liver and gut at this stage of development by whole-mount in situ hybridization. In adult fish, SHBG mRNA was found in liver, testis, and gut. In the liver, immunoreactive SHBG was present in hepatocytes and concentrated in intrahepatic bile duct cells, whereas in the testis it was confined to cells surrounding the seminiferous tubule cysts. In the intestine, immunoreactive SHBG was present in the stroma and epithelial cells of the villous projections and the surrounding muscle. The production and presence of SHBG in the gut of developing and adult zebrafish suggests a novel role for this protein in regulating sex steroid action at this site.
Beobachtergestützte Überwachung vernetzter regelungstechnischer Systeme (Observer Schemes for Networked Control Systems)
Authors: Ding Steven X. , Zhang Ping , Weinhold Nick 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Die Überwachung vernetzter regelungstechnischer Systeme gewinnt in der Prozessautomatisierung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Da das Gesamtsystemverhalten verstärkt von technischen Gegebenheiten des eingesetzten Bussystems beeinflusst wird, werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vernetzte Systeme zunächst modelliert, indem die unbekannten und statistisch schwankenden Datenübertragungszeiten als Modellunsicherheit erfasst werden. Basierend darauf werden zwei beobachtergestützte Ansätze erarbeitet, welche die Schätzung der Prozesszustandsgrößen bzw. der Störgrößen ermöglichen. Anhand eines Beispiels wird schließlich die Anwendbarkeit dieser Ansätze demonstriert.
Effect of constricted polymerization time on nanofiltration membrane characteristic and performance: A study using the Donnan Steric Pore Flow Model
Authors: Ahmad A. L. , Ooi B. S. , Wahab Mohammad A. , Choudhury J. P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPolyamide composite nanofiltration membranes are fabricated under constricted polymerization time. The membranes were characterized for pore size, effective thickness/porosity as well as effective membrane charge density using the Donnan Steric Pore Flow Model. The effect of polymerization (reaction) time on the membrane characteristics and membrane performance (flux and rejection) was studied. The effect of polymerization time on pore size is not significant for reaction times less than 120 s but the effective thickness/porosity seems to be increasing proportionally with polymerization time. Effective membrane charge density for all the membranes depended on the degree of condensation and hydrolysis process. Polymerization time is an important process condition that could change the effective thickness/porosity, pore size, and effective volume charge density and subsequently affect the membrane performance in terms of flux and rejection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 394–399, 2004
Influence of some additives on rheological properties, viscosity, and dynamic mechanical properties in NR compounds
Authors: Ibarra L. , Posadas P. , Esteban‐Martinez M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe effect of some processing aids, Redex‐2, Redex‐SP‐2, and Redex‐A, on rheological properties, tensile properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds has been studied. The optimum level of these additives was determined and the changes caused by the use of these additives were evaluated by comparison with an additive‐free control compound mixed under similar conditions. Redex‐2 and Redex‐SP‐2 improve the processability of the natural rubber compounds, giving a reduction of both Mooney viscosity and shear viscosity, but the concentration of the processing aid necessary to this improvement is different; the optimum concentration is 1.75 phr on Redex‐2 compounds, and the optimum concentration is 3 phr on Redex‐SP‐2 compounds. However, Redex‐A behaves as a plasticizer, reducing the Mooney viscosity, the shear viscosity, and the Tg, improving behavior at low temperatures. The optimum proportion is 3 phr. The behavior of these processing aids is related to the temperature, too. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 332–344, 2004
Catalyst effect on cure reactions in the blend of aromatic dicyanate ester and bismaleimide
Authors: Lin Rong‐Hsien , Lee An‐Cheng , Lu Wei‐Hua , Lin Chih‐Wei 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCatalyst effects on cure reactions of a bismaleimide [4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMI)] associated with a liquid aromatic dicyanate ester [1,1′‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)ethane (BEDCy)] and with a powder type of aromatic dicyanate ester [bisphenol A dicyanate (BADCy)] were thoroughly investigated by in situ FTIR and DSC dynamic scanning. In noncatalyzed blend systems, coreactions between the dicyanate ester and bismaleimide always occur, and thus the formation of the pyrimidine and/or pyridine structures occurs. The pyrimidine structure always predominates. The use of a dicyanate‐sensitive catalyst facilitates the formation of a sequential interpenetrating network (IPN). The extent of the sequential IPN depends on the level of catalyst and the type of matrix materials, and thus the extent of coreactions. Probable reaction paths were also proposed for various formulations of hybrid blends. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 345–354, 2004
Synthesis and characterization of polyimide/silica hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Bor‐Kuan , Chiu T.‐M. , Tsay Sun‐Yuan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPolyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by the sol‐gel process directly from a soluble polyimide. This soluble PI was synthesized from a diamine with a pendant phenyl hydroxyl group, 4,4′‐diamino‐4″‐hydroxy triphenyl methane (DHTM) and a dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), followed by cyclodehydration. Three ways of preparing PI/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were investigated in this study. Two of them used the coupling agent 3‐glycidyloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS) to enhance the compatibility between PI and silica. The coupling agent can react with the PI to form covalent bonds. The structures of the modified hybrid nanocomposites were identified with a FTIR, whereas the size of the silica in polyimides was characterized with a scanning electron microscope. The size of silica particles in the modified system was <100 nm. The covalently bonded PI/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites prepared by the novel third approach exhibited good transparency when the silica content was <15%. Moreover, their thermal and mechanical properties exhibited a significant improvement. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 382–393, 2004
Look‐up tables for protein solvent accessibility prediction and nearest neighbor effect analysis
Authors: Wang Jung‐Ying , Ahmad Shandar , Gromiha M. Michael , Sarai Akinori 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe developed dictionaries of two‐, three‐, and five‐residue patterns in proteins and computed the average solvent accessibility of the central residues in their native proteins. These dictionaries serve as a look‐up table for making subsequent predictions of solvent accessibility of amino acid residues. We find that predictions made in this way are very close to those made using more sophisticated methods of solvent accessibility prediction. We also analyzed the effect of immediate neighbors on the solvent accessibility of residues. This helps us in understanding how the same residue type may have different accessible surface areas in different proteins and in different positions of the same protein. We observe that certain residues have a tendency to increase or decrease the solvent accessibility of their neighboring residues in C‐ or N‐terminal positions. Interestingly, the C‐terminal and N‐terminal neighbor residues are found to have asymmetric roles in modifying solvent accessibility of residues. As expected, similar neighbors enhance the hydrophobic or hydrophilic character of residues. Detailed look‐up tables are provided on the web at www.netasa.org/look‐up/. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Identification of differentially methylated CpG islands in prostate cancer
Authors: Yamada Yasushi , Toyota Minoru , Hirokawa Yoshifumi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Takagi Akimitsu , Matsuzaki Takeshi , Sugimura Yoshiki , Yatani Ryuichi , Shiraishi Taizo , Watanabe Masatoshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractEpigenetic change such as DNA methylation is one important mechanism for regulating gene expression as genetic change, such as mutation or loss of heterozygosity. Methylation of cancer‐related genes has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Using methylated CpG island amplification (MCA)/representational difference analysis (RDA), we identified four CpG islands in neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2), Protocadherine Flamingo1 and MFPC (Methylated Fragments in Prostate Cancer) 7 and 8. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that 2 regions of NTRK2 as well as MFPC7 and MFPC8 were aberrantly methylated in prostate cancer cell lines, and COBRA showed that 48 (76.24%), 37 (58.7%) and 14 (22.2%) of 63 prostate cancer tissues were methylated, respectively, for these sites. On the other hand, none of 13 benign prostate samples were methylated, except for 1 (7.7%) with NTRK2. For NTRK2, mRNA expression was negative in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and DU145) but was recovered on a methyltransferase inhibitor (5‐Aza‐CdR) treatment. The role of NTRK2 within NTRK remains unclear. Our results suggest that these 3 hypermethylated DNA fragments also may be markers of prostate cancer detection. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Current controversies
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Agid Yves , Mizuno Yoshi , Albanese Alberto , Bonucelli U. , Damier Philip , De Yebenes Justo , Gershanik Oscar , Guttman Mark , Grandas F. , Hallett Mark , Hornykiewicz Ole , Jenner Peter , Katzenschlager R. , Langston William J. , LeWitt Peter , Melamed Eldad , Mena M.A. , Michel P.P. , Mytilineou Catherine , Obeso Jose A. , Poewe Werner , Quinn Niall , Raisman‐Vozari R. , Rajput Ali H. , Rascol Olivier , Sampaio Christina , Stocchi Fabrizio 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLevodopa is the most effective symptomatic agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the “gold standard” against which new agents must be compared. However, there remain two areas of controversy: (1) whether levodopa is toxic, and (2) whether levodopa directly causes motor complications. Levodopa is toxic to cultured dopamine neurons, and this may be a problem in PD where there is evidence of oxidative stress in the nigra. However, there is little firm evidence to suggest that levodopa is toxic in vivo or in PD. Clinical trials have not clarified this situation. Levodopa is also associated with motor complications. Increasing evidence suggests that they are related, at least in part, to the short half‐life of the drug (and its potential to induce pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors) rather than to specific properties of the molecule. Treatment strategies that provide more continuous stimulation of dopamine receptors provide reduced motor complications in MPTP monkeys and PD patients. These studies raise the possibility that more continuous and physiological delivery of levodopa might reduce the risk of motor complications. Clinical trials to test this hypothesis are underway. We review current evidence relating to these areas of controversy. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Comparing three different formulas for the internal impedance of a circular wire
Authors: Knockaert Luc 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe derive rigorous expressions for the internal impedance of a circular wire in the quasi‐static and general cases and compare them with the classical formula. A comparison between the three formulas clearly indicates large discrepancies, even at relatively low frequencies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 1–3, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20356
Low‐profile ultra‐wideband antenna for mobile phone applications
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Tseng Ting‐Chih , Teng Pey‐Ling 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA novel low‐profile ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna suitable for mobile‐phone applications as an internal antenna is presented. The proposed antenna mainly comprises a planar metal‐plate monopole folded into a low‐profile structure and a matching tuning portion for achieving a very wide operating bandwidth (about 1.89–10.14 GHz in this study). With the very wide bandwidth obtained, the proposed antenna can easily cover the UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) band for mobile communications and the 2.4‐GHz (2400–2484 MHz) and 5.2/5.8‐GHz (5150–5350/5725–5875 MHz) bands for WLAN communications. Characteristics of the proposed UWB antenna applied to a UMTS/WLAN mobile phone are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 7–9, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20358
Accurate and efficient analysis of stripline structures
Authors: Lucido M. , Panariello G. , Schettino F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe aim of this paper is the analysis of the propagation parameters of stripline and boxed stripline structures. The solution method is based upon the use of the Neumann series to factorize the right‐edge behavior of the current, and hence lead to an accurate and quickly converging solution to the problem. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 14–21, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20361
Characteristic impedance of a microstrip line using a DGS cell
Authors: Yang Ru Yuan , Weng Min Hung , Wu Hung Wei , Huang Tsung Hui , Houng Mau‐Phon 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we study the size effects of an H‐shaped defected ground structure (DGS) cell upon the characteristic impedance of a microstrip line, by using a simple circuit‐analysis method. An LC model of an equivalent circuit can represent the proposed H‐shaped DGS cell. It is found that the characteristic impedance of a 50Ω microstrip line can be controlled easily in a wide range by using the H‐shaped DGS cell. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 34–37, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20367
An efficient finite‐difference frequency‐domain method including thin layers
Authors: Arft Carl M. , Knoesen André 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA method is presented to incorporate thin, lossy layers into a finite‐difference frequency‐domain model while retaining a coarse grid‐spacing. This approach significantly reduces computational effort. The new method is validated by a comparison with analytical solutions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 40–44, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20369
A fast wideband analysis of radiation and scattering problems by impedance‐matrix interpolation combined with progressive numerical method
Authors: Zhai Huiqing , Liang Changhong 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIt has been shown that impedance‐matrix interpolation is a very direct and effective technique to speed up the wide‐band analysis of radiation and scattering problems. In view of the time‐costing problem of solving the large impedance matrix using impedance‐matrix interpolation and the good performance of the progressive numerical method (PNM) for dealing with large electromagnetic problems, a fast and effective wideband analysis of radiation and scattering problems by impedance‐matrix interpolation combined with a progressive numerical method is presented in this paper. Some numerical results are given to illustrate the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 56–59, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20374
Frequency‐agile microstrip patch antenna using a reconfigurable mems ground plane
Authors: Al‐Dahleh R. , Shafai C. , Shafai L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA frequency‐agile microstrip patch antenna is presented. A micromachined membrane is used as the ground plane below the antenna patch. Actuation of this membrane introduces an air gap between above the ground plane, and enables control of the antenna‐resonant frequency from 16.8 to 17.82 GHz (approximately 6% variation). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 64–67, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20376