bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular reactivity in Alzheimer's disease signature regions is associated with mild cognitive impairment in adults with hypertension
Authors: Aslanyan Vahan , Mack Wendy J. , Ortega Nancy E. , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Williamson Jeff D. , Pa Judy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONVascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline suggesting that maintaining cerebrovascular health could reduce dementia risk. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), a measure of brain blood vessel elasticity, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.METHODSParticipants were enrolled in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT‐MIND) magnetic resonance imaging substudy. Baseline CVR in Alzheimer's disease (AD) signature regions were primary variables of interest. The occipital pole and postcentral gyrus were included as control regions.RESULTSHigher AD composite CVR was associated with lower MCI risk. No significant associations between inferior temporal gyrus, occipital pole, or postcentral gyrus CVR and MCI risk, or any regional CVR–combined risk associations were observed.DISCUSSIONCVR in AD signature regions is negatively associated with occurrence of MCI, implicating CVR in AD signature regions as a potential mechanism leading to cognitive impairment.
Redox‐Active Ferrocene Quencher‐Based Supramolecular Nanomedicine for NIR‐II Fluorescence‐Monitored Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yu Meili , Ye Zhuangjie , Liu Siqin , Zhu Yang , Niu Xuegang , Wang Jun , Ao Rujiang , Huang Hongwei , Cai Huilan , Liu Yina , Chen Xiaoyuan , Lin Lisen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) generation is crucial for both the efficacy and safety of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Although ⋅OH probe‐integrated CDT agents can track ⋅OH production by themselves, they often require complicated synthetic procedures and suffer from self‐consumption of ⋅OH. Here, we report the facile fabrication of a self‐monitored chemodynamic agent (denoted as Fc‐CD‐AuNCs) by incorporating ferrocene (Fc) into β‐cyclodextrin (CD)‐functionalized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) via host–guest molecular recognition. The water‐soluble CD served not only as a capping agent to protect AuNCs but also as a macrocyclic host to encapsulate and solubilize hydrophobic Fc guest with high Fenton reactivity for in vivo CDT applications. Importantly, the encapsulated Fc inside CD possessed strong electron‐donating ability to effectively quench the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence of AuNCs through photoinduced electron transfer. After internalization of Fc‐CD‐AuNCs by cancer cells, Fenton reaction between redox‐active Fc quencher and endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused Fc oxidation and subsequent NIR‐II fluorescence recovery, which was accompanied by the formation of cytotoxic ⋅OH and therefore allowed Fc‐CD‐AuNCs to in situ self‐report ⋅OH generation without undesired ⋅OH consumption. Such a NIR‐II fluorescence‐monitored CDT enabled the use of renal‐clearable Fc‐CD‐AuNCs for efficient tumor growth inhibition with minimal side effects in vivo.
Real‐Time Live Imaging of Osteoclast Activation via Cathepsin K Activity in Bone Diseases
Authors: Koo Seyoung , Lee Eun Jung , Xiong Hao , Yun Da Hyeon , McDonald Michelle M. , Park Serk In , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntravital fluorescence imaging of functional osteoclasts within their intact disease context provides valuable insights into the intricate biology at the microscopic level, facilitating the development of therapeutic approaches for osteoclast‐associated bone diseases. However, there is a lack of studies investigating osteoclast activity within deep‐seated bone lesions using appropriate fluorescent probes, despite the advantages offered by the multi‐photon excitation system in enhancing deep tissue imaging resolution. In this study, we report on the intravital tracking of osteoclast activity in three distinct murine bone disease models. We utilized a cathepsin K (CatK)‐responsive two‐photon fluorogenic probe (CatKP1), which exhibited a notable fluorescence turn‐on response in the presence of active CatK. By utilizing CatKP1, we successfully monitored a significant increase in osteoclast activity in hindlimb long bones and its attenuation through pharmacological intervention without sacrificing mice. Thus, our findings highlight the efficacy of CatKP1 as a valuable tool for unraveling pathological osteoclast behavior and exploring novel therapeutic strategies.
Objects drawn from haptic perception and vision‐based spatial abilities
Authors: Langlois Jean , Hamstra Stanley J. , Dagenais Yvan , Lemieux Renald , Lecourtois Marc , Yetisir Elizabeth , Bellemare Christian , Bergeron Germain , Wells George A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHaptic perception is used in the anatomy laboratory with the handling of three‐dimensional (3D) prosections, dissections, and synthetic models of anatomical structures. Vision‐based spatial ability has been found to correlate with performance on tests of 3D anatomy knowledge in previous studies. The objective was to explore whether haptic‐based spatial ability was correlated with vision‐based spatial ability. Vision‐based spatial ability was measured in a study group of 49 medical graduates with three separate tests: a redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotations Tests in two (MRT A) and three (MRT C) dimensions and a Surface Development Test (SDT). Haptic‐based spatial ability was measured using 18 different objects constructed from 10 cubes glued together. Participants were asked to draw these objects from blind haptic perception, and drawings were scored by two independent judges. The maximum score was 24 for each of MRT A and MRT C, 60 for SDT, and 18 for the drawings. The drawing score based on haptic perception [median = 17 (lower quartile = 16, upper quartile = 18)] correlated with MRT A [14 (9, 17)], MRT C [9 (7, 12)] and SDT [44 (36, 52)] scores with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.395 (p = 0.0049), 0.507 (p = 0.0002) and 0.606 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Spatial abilities assessed by vision‐based tests were correlated with a drawing score based on haptic perception of objects. Future research should investigate the contribution of haptic‐based and vision‐based spatial abilities on learning 3D anatomy from physical models.
Quantitative assessment of tip‐toe behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Valagussa Giulio , Purpura Giulia , Balatti Valeria , Trentin Luca , Signori Alessio , Grossi Enzo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe term “toe walking” describes walking on the toes with a lack of heel strike upon initiation of the stance phase of gait. In individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this phenomenon, or “tip‐toe behavior” (TTB), can be present in a substantial proportion of subjects even during standing. In this study, we investigated TTB in 50 persons with ASD (age range 4–26 years). We evaluated TTB through an observational/report‐based assessment protocol. Subsequently, we employed a new structured video‐based coding protocol based on standardized video recordings, focusing on static and dynamic conditions. Finally, the findings of the two protocols were compared. Twenty‐four subjects with TTB were identified and classified according to three functional groups: TTB1, present only during running (6 subjects); TTB2, present during walking and running (11 subjects); and TTB3, present during standing, walking, and running (7 subjects). Moreover, we found that TTB3 subjects exhibited a significantly higher quantity of TTB compared with subjects in the TTB1 and TTB2 groups during both standing and walking tests. Additionally, a high quantity of TTB in the static test was found to be related to a high quantity of TTB in the dynamic test. Variables such as age, autism severity, intellectual disability, and gender were not significantly associated with the mean percent of TTB both in static and dynamic tests in multivariate analysis. This structured video‐based coding approach appears feasible and useful for assessing TTB in individuals with ASD and it has the potential to provide insights into TTB trajectories and aid in designing possible interventions.
Electromagnetic pulse induced blood‐brain barrier breakdown through tight junction opening in rats
Authors: Gao Meng , Peng Huaiyu , Hou Yiran , Wang Xianghui , Li Jing , Qi Hongxing , Kuang Fang , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle to hydrophilic and large molecules to enter the brain, maintaining the stability of the central nervous system (CNS). But many environmental factors may affect the permeability and structure of the BBB. Electromagnetic pulses (EMP) irradiation has been proven to enhance the permeability of the BBB, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. To explore the potential mechanism of EMP‐induced BBB opening, this study investigated the permeability, fine structure and the proteins expression of the tight junction (TJ) of the BBB in the rats exposed to EMP. Using the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled dextran with different molecular mass under different field intensity of EMP exposure, we found that the tracer passing through the BBB is size‐dependent in the rat exposed to EMP as field intensity increased. Transmission electron microscopy showed TJ of the endothelial cells in the EMP‐exposed group was open, compared with the sham‐irradiated group. But the levels of TJ proteins including ZO‐1, claudin‐5, or occludin were not changed as indicated by western blot. These data suggest that EMP induce BBB opening in a field intensity‐dependent manner and probably through dysfunction of TJ proteins instead of their expression. Our findings increase the understanding of the mechanism for EMP working on the brain and are helpful for CNS protection against EMP.
Exploring environmental and social performances of circular start‐ups: An orientation and certification assessment
Authors: Ghisellini Patrizia , Quinto Ivana , Passaro Renato , Ulgiati Sergio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) aims to deeply transform the current linear model of economy and society into a business model capable to extend the lifetime of resources and decrease environmental impacts. For this to happen, changes in societal systems and production sectors, from micro to macro, are required.The present research, based on a multiple case‐study explorative approach of circular start‐ups (CSUs), investigates their adoption of environmental impact assessment methods, environmental and social certifications and contribution to a better integration of the social dimension in the CE model. Results indicate that three out of six CSUs carefully measure and certify their environmental and social impacts. Life Cycle Assessment resulted the most adopted environmental assessment method, while two CSUs are also certified benefit corporations. CSUs are mainly oriented toward the use of quantitative methods for the measurement of environmental and social impacts. Additional efforts are still needed toward the implementation of qualitative methods to properly highlight the achievement of social benefits (environmental and social awareness, employees' engagement, work time and free time balance, consumers health and safety, among others) for their stakeholders (workers, local community, consumers). Nevertheless, CSUs case studies highlight their potential of supporting the transition toward a fair CE while at the same time facilitating the integration of social dimension aspects into the CE model. Finally, by developing appropriate business to consumer models, CSUs can strongly affect consumption behaviors and habits, making them also more aware and responsible of their environmental and social life cycle impacts and improvement potential.
Green signals: The impact of environmental protection support policies on firms' green innovation
Authors: Yang Licheng , Song Shijie , Liu Chunlin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe importance of government environmental financial incentives in stimulating firms' green innovation has long been recognized. However, researchers have yet to fully determine how a small amount of financial incentives can be used to promote expensive green innovation. Unlike prior studies based on the investigation of direct effects, this study provides a new perspective by employing signaling theory. Focusing on environmental protection support policy (EPSP) in China, it employs ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) to analyze a sample of panel data from China's A‐share listed companies from 2003 to 2020. The results suggest that EPSP funding can serve as a green signal that helps firms acquire external resources for green innovation. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the role that government financial incentives play in firms' green innovation and inform policymakers on how to formulate effective environmental policies.
Longitudinal associations between psychological and social well‐being: Exploring within‐person dynamics
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines the longitudinal associations between psychological and social well‐being, which represent the private and public dimensions of eudaimonic well‐being, respectively. Data were drawn from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) project (N = 6,453). Participants were assessed at three‐time points, each approximately a decade apart. Both between‐person and within‐person associations between social and psychological well‐being are examined. The results reveal a strong between‐person association, consistent with previous cross‐sectional results. In addition, novel insights are gained by uncovering longitudinal within‐person associations that suggest consistent and coordinated changes in psychological and social well‐being over time. More specifically, deviations from typical levels in one dimension are associated with corresponding deviations in the other dimension after about 10 years, suggesting a reciprocal link. Notably, person‐specific changes in social well‐being are a better predictor of subsequent changes in psychological well‐being, than the other way around. These findings underscore the interdependence of the two facets of eudaimonic well‐being and highlight the importance of considering both dimensions in intervention strategies. Taken together, these findings enrich our understanding of the dynamic nature of eudaimonic well‐being. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Identification of Marker Molecules in Aqueous Plant Extracts Affecting the Gold Nanostructures’ Morphology and Size
Authors: Elgaleidh Mareia Ahmed‐M. , Dilek Tepe Hafize , Doyuk Fatma , Çeter Talip , Yazgan İdris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work was performed as a comparative study using nine different aqueous pollen grain extracts from eight different genera (Juniperus, Biota, Cupressus, Abies, Pinus, Cedrus, Populus and Corylus) to synthesize gold nanostructures (AuNSs) to understand if there is any possible marker that helps to predict the final morphology and size of the AuNSs. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that Apigenin and Pinoresinol compounds are the marker molecules in determination of the AuNSs physical characteristics while total protein, reducing carbohydrate, flavonoid and phenol contents did not show any statistically meaningful outcome. The “dominancy hypothesis” was tested by paying attention to the most concentrated phenolic acids and flavonoids in the control of AuNSs morphology and size, for which correlation analysis were performed. The statistical findings were tested using two new more pollen extracts to validate the models. Three main findings of the study were (i) determination of Apigenin and Pinoresinol levels in pollen extract can give an insight into the AuNSs physical characters, (ii) the most concentrated phenolic acids and flavonoids don't need to be same to pose same dictative effect on AuNSs morphology and size, rather relatively abundant ones in the extract play the key role and (iii) differences in the polymeric structures (e. g. lignin, cellulosic compounds etc.) have minor effect on the final morphology and size of the AuNSs.
HMGB1 in exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells induces M2‐like macrophage polarization by inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Ke , Wang Hui , Zhou Jumei , Zhu Suyu , Ma Min , Xiao Hua , Ding Yi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) seriously threatens human health. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and M2‐like macrophages are closely associated with core events about human cancers, such as invasion, and metastasis, and cancer microenvironment. This study mainly determined the regulatory effect of HMGB1 in GC cell‐derived exosomes on M2‐like macrophage polarization as well as the underlying mechanism. HMGB1 was found to be highly expressed in gastric tissue specimens, which might lead to the poor prognosis of GC. High levels of HMGB1 were also observed in the plasma of GC patients, indicating the possibility that it regulates the immune microenvironment via exosomes. Further study revealed and confirmed the regulatory effect of exosomes derived from GC cells with high HMGB1 level on inducing M2‐like macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, by interacting with the transcription factor POU2F1, exosomal HMGB1 inhibited the transcriptional activity of p50, resulting in the inactivation of NF‐κB signaling pathway and thereby inducing M2‐like macrophage polarization. Moreover, instead of promoting the proliferation of GC cells, exosomes with high HMGB1 levels induced M2‐like macrophage polarization and promoted GC progression. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which HMGB1 promotes GC progression, which may provide new insights for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Wheel of misfortune: A unique case of MRSA pyomyositis of the adductor muscle group from blunt unicycle trauma
Authors: Gaelen Jordan I. , Awoyemi Toluwalase , Okematti Emmanuel , Ramanathan Meera 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn patients with infectious symptoms and severe muscle pain, it is crucial to consider pyomyositis as a significant potential cause. A normal complete blood count should not exclude this possibility early in the course. Early advanced imaging modalities and blood cultures are crucial in narrowing the differential. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly implicated.
Effect of Carbon Xerogel Activation on Fe−N−C Catalyst Activity in Fuel Cells
Authors: Álvarez‐Manuel Laura , Alegre Cinthia , Sebastián David , Napal Pedro F. , Moreno Cristina , Bailón‐García Esther , Carrasco‐Marín Francisco , Lázaro María J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFe−N−C catalysts are an interesting option for polymer electrolyte fuel cells due to their low cost and high activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Since Fe−N−C active sites are preferentially formed in the micropores of the carbon matrix, increasing the microporosity is highly appealing. In this work, carbon xerogels (CXG) were activated by physical and chemical methods to favor the formation of micropores, used as carbon matrices for Fe−N−C catalysts, and investigated for the ORR. The catalysts were characterized by solid‐state techniques to determine chemical composition and pore structure. Physical activation increased microporosity up to 2‐fold leading to catalysts with a larger density of active sites (more than twice iron and nitrogen uptake, pyridinic N and Nx−Fe). This entailed a higher ORR intrinsic activity determined in a 3‐electrode cell (80 mV better half‐wave potential). At the cathode of a fuel cell, the catalysts based on activated carbon materials showed 26 % lower power density ascribed to a more hydrophilic surface, causing a larger extent of flooding of the electrode that counterbalances the higher intrinsic activity. Interestingly, a more stable behavior was observed for the activated catalysts, with up to 2‐fold better relative power density retention after 20‐hour operation.
Pertechnetate/perrhenate‐capped Zr/Hf‐Dihydroxide Dimers: Elucidating Zr−TcO4 Co‐Mobility in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Authors: Shohel Mohammad , Bustos Jenna , Roseborough Alexander , Nyman May 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpent nuclear fuel contains heavy element fission products that must be separated for effective reprocessing for a safe and sustainable nuclear fuel cycle. 93Zr and 99Tc are high‐yield fission products that co‐transport in liquid‐liquid extraction processes. Here we seek atomic‐level information of this co‐extraction process, as well as fundamental knowledge about ZrIV (and HfIV) aqueous speciation in the presence of topology‐directing ligands such as pertechnetate (TcO4−) and non‐radioactive surrogate perrhenate (ReO4−). In this context, we show that the flat tetrameric oxyhydroxyl‐cluster [MIV4(OH)8(H2O)16]8+ (and related polymers) is dissociated by perrhenate/pertechnetate to yield isostructural dimers, M2(OH)2(XO4−)6(H2O)6 ⋅ 3H2O (M=Zr/HfIV; X=Re/TcVII), elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. We used these model compounds to understand the pervasive 93Zr‐99Tc coextraction with further speciation studies in water, nitric acid, and tetrabutylphosphate (TBP) ‐kerosene; where the latter two media are relevant to nuclear fuel reprocessing. SAXS (small angle X‐ray scattering), compositional evaluation, and where experimentally feasible, ESI‐MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) showed that perrhenate/pertechnetate influence Zr/HfIV‐speciation in water. In Zr‐XO4 solvent extraction studies to simulate fuel reprocessing, we provide evidence that TcO4− enhances extraction of ZrIV, and compositional analysis of the extracted metal‐complexes (Zr‐ReO4 study) is consistent with the crystallized ZrIV2(OH)2(ReVIIO4−)6(H2O)6⋅dimer.
Phosphinidenes: Fundamental Properties and Reactivity
Authors: Lu Bo , Zeng Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhosphinidenes are heavy congeners of nitrenes that have been broadly used as in situ reagents in synthetic phosphorus chemistry and also serve as versatile ligands in coordination with transition metals. However, the detection of free phosphinidenes is largely challenged by their high reactivity and also the lack of suitable synthetic methods, rendering the knowledge about the fundamental properties of this class of low‐valent phosphorus compounds limited. Recently, an increasing number of free phosphinidenes bearing prototype structural and bonding properties have been prepared for the first time, thus enabling the exploration of their distinct reactivity from the nitrene analogues. This Concept article will discuss the experimental approaches for the generation of the highly unstable phosphinidenes and highlight their distinct reactivity from the nitrogen analogues so as to stimuate future studies about their potential applications in phosphorus chemistry.