bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal evaluation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of probable Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Eustace A. , Coen R. , Walsh C. , Cunningham C. J. , Walsh J. B. , Coakley D. , Lawlor B. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundNon‐cognitive symptoms are a frequent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much of the literature that has accumulated pertains to cross‐sectional prevalence of these symptoms. There has been relatively little attention paid to the longitudinal course of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD).AimsThe purpose of this study is to examine the longitudinal course of BPSD in a group of patients with mild AD.MethodsA retrospective review of a database was performed to identify patients with NINCDS/ADRDA criteria for probable AD and who had been evaluated three times at yearly interval over a two‐year period. Fifty‐two subjects were identified with probable AD that had completed follow‐up for 24 months. The BEHAVE‐AD was used to evaluate BPSD and data was analysed using a Markov analysis.ResultsActivity disturbance is a common and relatively persistent symptom in the mild stages of AD. Anxiety, paranoid ideation, and aggression were moderately persistent. Affective symptoms were not persistent with less than half the patients having the symptoms a year later.ConclusionsActivity disturbance is common and persistent in early AD. Paranoid and delusional ideation shows moderate persistence and depressive symptoms infrequently last longer than a year. These findings may have clinical relevance for the pharmacological and non‐pharmacological management of BPSD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FMRI reveals brain regions mediating slow prosodic modulations in spoken sentences
Authors: Meyer Martin , Alter Kai , Friederici Angela D. , Lohmann Gabriele , von Cramon D. Yves 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBy means of fMRI measurements, the present study identifies brain regions in left and right peri‐sylvian areas that subserve grammatical or prosodic processing. Normal volunteers heard 1) normal sentences; 2) so‐called syntactic sentences comprising syntactic, but no lexical‐semantic information; and 3) manipulated speech signals comprising only prosodic information, i.e., speech melody. For all conditions, significant blood oxygenation signals were recorded from the supratemporal plane bilaterally. Left hemisphere areas that surround Heschl gyrus responded more strongly during the two sentence conditions than to speech melody. This finding suggests that the anterior and posterior portions of the superior temporal region (STR) support lexical‐semantic and syntactic aspects of sentence processing. In contrast, the right superior temporal region, in especially the planum temporale, responded more strongly to speech melody. Significant brain activation in the fronto‐opercular cortices was observed when participants heard pseudo sentences and was strongest during the speech melody condition. In contrast, the fronto‐opercular area is not prominently involved in listening to normal sentences. Thus, the functional activation in fronto‐opercular regions increases as the grammatical information available in the sentence decreases. Generally, brain responses to speech melody were stronger in right than left hemisphere sites, suggesting a particular role of right cortical areas in the processing of slow prosodic modulations. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:73–88, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Willingness to pay for health risk reduction in the context of altruism
Authors: Araña Jorge E. , León Carmelo J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents results on the valuation of health risks in the presence of altruism. The contingent valuation method is utilised in a split sample experiment for estimating the private and public values in reducing the risk of flu. Data modelling for the dichotomous choice method follows a Bayesian approach, which accounts for zero responses and is adequate for the comparison of small sample results. The results of the experiment suggest that altruism is a positive component in the value of reducing the probability of flu, which depends positively on the number of days involved, the health status and the personal income of the subject. The marginal value of risk is found to be a decreasing function of the reduction in the probability of becoming ill. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of circumferential pharyngoesophageal defects with laryngotracheal flap and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap
Authors: Chu Pen‐Yuan , Chang Shyue‐Yih 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundHypopharyngeal cancer often presents at an advanced stage. Radical surgery has played an important role in the treatment of these cases; however, it always results in a large, or even a circumferential, defect of the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) that causes some difficulties during reconstruction.Materials and MethodsTwelve patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer and cervical esophageal invasion received surgery resulting in a circumferential defect of PES, which was reconstructed with the contralateral unaffected laryngotracheal flap and a patch‐on pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMCF).ResultsThe operation time of this method was shorter compared with free flap reconstruction. Only two minor complications and no pharyngocutaneous fistulas were found postoperatively. Nine patients can resume a regular diet. During the follow‐up period (median, 38 months), there were no local recurrences and only one contralateral neck recurrence.ConclusionsThe preliminary result shows this technique is a simple and effective method with low morbidity and satisfactory oncologic and functional results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of performance‐excellence criteria to improvement of occupational safety and health performance
Authors: Ketola Jenni‐Maarit , Liuhamo Mika , Mattila Markku 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere has been a lack of a common method for assessing and improving occupational safety and health (OSH) management through all‐round criteria. This article discusses a study that focuses on applying business‐excellence criteria for this purpose. The developed criteria for the safety self‐assessment were tested at least once in five different organizations. The study confirms that the application of the Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence can effectively be used for finding strengths and areas for improvement in a company's OSH management system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrology of stockpiled industrial coal exposed to rainfall
Authors: Curran K. J. , Droppo I. G. , Irvine K. N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe movement of water and particulate matter through a simulated coal pile using a rainfall–coal‐pile simulator is investigated. In conjunction with coal‐pile management practices, this study indicates that coal‐pile systems change their internal and surficial structure with successive rainstorm events. This change in coal‐pile structure alters the proportions, rates and suspended solid concentrations within surface runoff and infiltration during subsequent storm events. Results demonstrate the need to determine the optimal coal‐pile slope that minimizes water contact time, but at the same time minimizes the potential for mass wasting and rill erosion. Promotion of a compacted surface is beneficial for the minimization of solids removal, and a stormwater detention pond with potential flocculant additive is suggested as a viable remedial measure for the containment and treatment of coal‐pile runoff. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winter chemical leaching from deciduous tree branches as a function of branch inclination angle in central Massachusetts
Authors: Levia Delphis F. , Herwitz Stanley R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLeaching is an important process in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients from above‐ground vegetative surfaces to the forest floor. Little is known about winter leaching from deciduous tree species and the influence of branch inclination angle on leachate chemistry. Using a set of field‐based isolated branches harvested from mature crowns of Betula lenta, Carya glabra and Quercus rubra, we tested the null hypothesis that during winter neither branch inclination angle nor branch species would have a detectable influence on differences in leachate chemistry and the quantity of intercepted precipitation from the branch surface. Leachate concentrations were significantly greater from branches inclined at 20° than 5° or 38°. Absolute nutrient inputs were also greatest for branches inclined at 20°. The significantly enriched branchflow and greater total nutrient input from branches inclined at 20° were attributed to increased residence time of intercepted precipitation with the branch surface, the lower probability of branch drip than branches inclined at 5°, and only minimal differences in branchflow quantity compared with branches inclined at 38°. Branchflow was more enriched from all three branch angles during precipitation events of longer duration and lower intensity than shorter, intense events. The leachate quantities of K+ and Ca2+ differ significantly among species. Carya glabra and Quercus rubra leached more K+ than Betula lenta. All three species leached significantly different amounts of Ca2+, with Quercus rubra leaching the most and Carya glabra the least. The adaptive geometry of deciduous canopy trees should be considered in relation to the interception of precipitation and aqueous leaching during winter when the canopy is leafless. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bivariate frequency analysis: discussion of some useful concepts in hydrological application
Authors: Yue Sheng , Rasmussen Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBasic concepts such as conditional probability distributions, conditional return periods, and joint return periods are important to understand and to interpret multivariate hydrological events such as floods and storms. However, these concepts are not well documented in the open literature. This paper assembles and clarifies these concepts, and illustrates their practical utility. Relationships between joint return periods and univariate return periods are also derived. These concepts and relationships are demonstrated by applying a bivariate extreme value distribution to represent the joint distribution of flood peak and volume from an actual basin. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival in prospectively ascertained familial breast cancer: Analysis of a series stratified by tumour characteristics, BRCA mutations and oophorectomy
Authors: Møller Pål , Borg Åke , Evans D. Gareth , Haites Neva , Reis Marta M. , Vasen Hans , Anderson Elaine , Steel C. Michael , Apold Jaran , Goudie David , Howell Anthony , Lalloo Fiona , Mæhle Lovise , Gregory Helen , Heimdal Ketil 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDedicated clinics have been established for the early diagnosis and treatment of women at risk for inherited breast cancer, but the effects of such interventions are currently unproven. This second report on prospectively diagnosed inherited breast cancer from the European collaborating centres supports the previous conclusions and adds information on genetic heterogeneity and the effect of oophorectomy. Of 249 patients, 20% had carcinoma in situ (CIS), 54% had infiltrating cancer without spread (CaN0) and 26% had cancer with spread (CaN+). Five‐year survival was 100% for CIS, 94% for CaN0 and 72% for CaN+ (p = 0.007). Thirty‐six patients had BRCA1 mutations, and 8 had BRCA2 mutations. Presence of BRCA1 mutation was associated with infiltrating cancer, high grade and lack of oestrogen receptor (p < 0.05 for all 3 characteristics). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, 5‐year survival was 63% vs. 91% for noncarriers (p = 0.04). For CaN0 patients, mutation carriers had 75% 5‐year disease‐free survival vs. 96% for noncarriers (p = 0.01). Twenty‐one of the mutation carriers had undergone prophylactic oophorectomy, prior to or within 6 months of diagnosis in 13 cases. All but 1 relapse occurred in the 15 who had kept their ovaries, (p < 0.01); no relapse occurred in those who had removed the ovaries within 6 months (p = 0.04) Contralateral cancer was more frequently observed in mutation noncarriers, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. Our findings support the concept that BRCA1 cancer is biologically different from other inherited breast cancers. While current screening protocols appear satisfactory for the majority of women at risk of familial breast cancer, this may not be the case for BRCA1 mutation carriers. The observed effect of oophorectomy was striking. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PLU‐1 nuclear protein, which is upregulated in breast cancer, shows restricted expression in normal human adult tissues: A new cancer/testis antigen?
Authors: Barrett Angela , Madsen Bente , Copier John , Lu Pei Juan , Cooper Lucienne , Scibetta Angelo G. , Burchell Joy , Taylor‐Papadimitriou Joyce 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe PLU‐1 gene is expressed at the level of message in breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines and shows restricted expression in normal adult tissues with the exception of testis. The predicted protein sequence contains several domains, including the PLU domain, which is shared by other proteins involved in transcription and/or development. We have developed a polyclonal antiserum to a C‐terminal fragment of the PLU‐1 protein, which shows little homology to other family members. Immunohistochemic analysis with the antiserum α‐PLU‐1C confirmed the nuclear localisation of PLU‐1. α‐PLU‐1C also reacted with the mouse homologue of PLU‐1 (mPlu‐1) but not with the closest family member, RBP2. Using Western blot analysis, PLU‐1 was shown to be well expressed in breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines, while it was not detected in a range of normal adult tissues. Our results suggest that the PLU‐1 protein may belong to the class of testis/cancer antigens. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective targeting of tumoral vasculature: Comparison of different formats of an antibody (L19) to the ED‐B domain of fibronectin
Authors: Borsi Laura , Balza Enrica , Bestagno Marco , Castellani Patrizia , Carnemolla Barbara , Biro Attila , Leprini Alessandra , Sepulveda Jorge , Burrone Oscar , Neri Dario , Zardi Luciano 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that a human recombinant scFv, L19, reacting with the ED‐B domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis, selectively targets tumoral vasculaturein vivo.Using the variable regions of L19, we constructed and expressed a human “small immunoprotein” (SIP) and a complete human IgG1 and performed biodistribution studies in tumor‐bearing mice to compare the blood clearance rate,in vivostability and performance in tumor targeting of the 3 L19 formats [dimeric scFv (scFv)2, SIP and IgG1]. The accumulation of the different antibody formats in the tumors studied was a consequence of the clearance rate andin vivostability of the molecules. Using the SIP, the %ID/g in tumors was 2–5 times higher than that of the (scFv)2, reaching a maximum 4–6 hr after injection. By contrast, the accumulation of IgG1 in tumors constantly rose during the experiments. However, due to its slow clearance, the tumor‐blood ratio of the %ID/g after 144 hr was only about 3 compared to a ratio of 10 for the (scFv)2and 70 for the SIP after the same period of time. The differentin vivobehavior of these 3 completely human L19 formats could be exploited for different diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes, depending on clinical needs and disease. Furthermore, the fact that ED‐B is 100% homologous in human and mouse, which ensures that L19 reacts equally well with the human and the murine antigen, should expedite the transfer of these reagents to clinical trials. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of GADD153 expression in the apoptotic signaling of N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR)
Authors: Xia Yuhe , Wong Nai‐Sum , Fong Wang‐Fun , Tideman Henk 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe molecular basis for the pharmacologic effects of N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) was investigated by studying the gene(s) that this compound may upregulate in cultured human epithelial tumor cells. Treatment of the cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐derived cells (CNE3) with 4HPR caused modest cell‐cycle arrest at G1 and apoptosis. The mRNA levels of a total of 20 genes were downregulated with the majority of them involved in cell cycle‐related functions. Only the mRNA level of the growth arrest and DNA‐damage inducible gene (gadd153) was upregulated by approximately 7‐fold, with a concomitant increase in intracellular protein level. Similar upregulation of gadd153 by 4HPR was observed in HeLa and 2 other tumor cell lines. The 4HPR‐induced apoptosis was markedly enhanced in the CNE3 cells that transiently overexpressed the gadd153 protein. Unlike 4HPR, all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) had no effect on the mRNA or protein level of gadd153. The ability of 4HPR and ATRA to stimulate the promoter activity of gadd153 was then examined. In the HeLa cells, both 4HPR and ATRA caused a 2‐ to 4‐fold stimulation of the promoter activity of gadd153, but similar to the CNE3 cells, ATRA was incapable of upregulating the protein level of gadd153. This is the first demonstration that gadd153 is a 4HPR‐responsive gene in tumor cells and may have a functional role to play in 4HPR‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, our data suggest that the expression of gadd153 can be regulated by 4HPR at the transcriptional level. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum HCGβ, CA 72‐4 and CEA are independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer
Authors: Louhimo Johanna , Carpelan‐Holmström Monika , Alfthan Henrik , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Järvinen Heikki J. , Haglund Caj 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn colorectal cancer, stage is considered to be the strongest prognostic factor, but also serum tumour markers have been reported to be of prognostic value. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19‐9, CA 242, CA 72‐4 and free β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) in colorectal cancer. Preoperative serum samples were obtained from 204 colorectal cancer patients, including 31 patients with Dukes' A, 70 with Dukes' B, 49 with Dukes' C and 54 with Dukes' D cancer. The serum levels of CEA, CA 19‐9, CA 242 and CA 72‐4 were measured with commercial kits with cut‐off values of 5 μg/L for CEA, 37 kU/L for CA 19‐9, 20 kU/L for CA 242 and 6 kU/L for CA 72‐4. The serum hCGβ was quantitated by an immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) with 2 pmol/L as a cut‐off value. Survival analyses were performed with Kaplan‐Meier life tables, log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. The sensitivity was 44% for CEA, 26% for CA 19‐9, 36% for CA 242, 27% for CA 72‐4 and 16% for hCGβ. The overall 5‐year survival was 55%, and in Dukes' A, B, C and D cancers the survival was 89%, 77%, 52% and 3%, respectively. Elevated serum values of all markers correlated with worse survival (p < 0.001). In Cox multivariate analysis, the strongest prognostic factor was Dukes' stage (p < 0.001), followed by tumour location (p = 0.002) and preoperative serum markers hCGβ (p = 0.002), CA 72‐4 (p = 0.003) and CEA (p = 0.005). In conclusion, elevated CEA, CA 19‐9, CA 242, CA 72‐4 and hCGβ relate to poor outcome in colorectal cancer. In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic significance was observed with hCGβ, CA 72‐4 and CEA. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards a typology of out‐migration from peripheral areas: a Scottish case study
Authors: Stockdale Aileen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring an era of counterurbanisation, the continued out‐migration of selected groups from rural areas has largely been ignored. This paper focuses on the nature of contemporary rural out‐migration flows and the relative importance of influencing factors in the decision‐making process, using questionnaire data and personal narratives from individual out‐migrants from rural Scotland. The analysis demonstrates the complexity of the decision‐making processes at work, involving the personal negotiation of different, and on occasions conflicting, influences using a typology of migrant types. The relative importance of the decision‐making processes operating in different rural areas is also highlighted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment, intervention, and research with infants in out‐of‐home placement
Authors: Clyman Robert B. , Harden Brenda Jones , Little Christina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInfants constitute a large and increasing proportion of youth in out‐of‐home placement. These infants have very high rates of medical illnesses, developmental delays, and substantial risks for psychopathology. They receive varying amounts of services from a complex and poorly integrated service system that includes four principal service sectors: the child welfare, medical, early intervention, and mental health service sectors. These service systems are currently undergoing major changes in their policies, organization, and financing, such as the introduction of managed care into the child welfare system. In this article, we provide an overview of what is known about infants in out‐of‐home placement. We then summarize approaches to infant mental health assessment and intervention from a comprehensive perspective that addresses the infants' multiple problems and acknowledges that they need to receive services from multiple systems that are undergoing rapid change. We conclude by highlighting a number of critical areas in need of research. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
The placement of infants in foster care
Authors: Wulczyn Fred , Hislop Kristen Brunner , Harden Brenda Jones 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fundamental question explored in this study concerns the relationship between age and the risk of placement into foster care, the likelihood a child will leave placement, and the likelihood a child will return to foster care having been discharged. The study is based on the experiences of more than 690,000 children in 11 states over an eight‐year period, from 1990 to 1997. The results suggest quite strongly that very young children are at greatest risk of entry into foster care, particularly if they are from urban areas. Specifically, 1% of children under one year and 2.5% of children under the age of four months enter foster care. Moreover, once in care, children under the age of four months at the time of placement remain in foster care longer than other children. The implications of these findings for public policy and future research are discussed. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.