bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of classifying interstitial pneumonitis in childhood according to defined histological patterns
Authors: Nicholson A G , Kim H , Corrin B , Bush A , Du Bois R M , Rosenthal M , Sheppard M N 
Published: March 2003

Aims: Interstitial pneumonitis in children is very rare and most cases have been classified according to their counterparts in adults, although the term ‘chronic pneumonitis of infancy’ has recently been proposed for a particular pattern of interstitial lung disease in infants. We reviewed our paediatric cases of interstitial pneumonitis, first, to look at the spectrum of histological patterns found in this age group and, second, to determine whether the classification of such cases in childhood is both appropriate and worthwhile.Methods and resultsTwenty‐five of 38 open lung biopsies showed an overlapping spectrum of interstitial pneumonitis, including three cases that fulfilled the histological criteria for chronic pneumonitis of infancy. There were 11 cases of reactive pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia (either lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis or follicular bronchiolitis), five of which were associated with abnormalities of the immune system. Four cases were classified as desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and the remaining seven cases were classified as non‐specific interstitial pneumonitis. There were no cases with the histological features of usual interstitial pneumonitis. Most patients responded to steroids but tended to have a residual deficit in lung function. Mortality appeared to be associated with presentation at a young age.ConclusionClassification of interstitial pneumonitis according to their adult counterparts is appropriate for this younger age group and can provide valuable information for the clinician. The term ‘chronic pneumonitis of infancy’ refers to a specific histological pattern, but whether it represents a separate disease or a reflection of pulmonary immaturity remains to be proven.
MIB‐1 and p53 immunocytochemistry for differentiating pilocytic astrocytomas and astrocytomas from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas in children and young adults
Authors: Matsumoto T , Fujii T , Yabe M , Oka K , Hoshi T , Sato K 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo establish whether MIB‐1 and p53 staining are useful for differentiating pilocytic astrocytomas and astrocytomas from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. This study was restricted to children and young adults under 30 years of age because of the differences in p53 mutations between paediatric and adult astrocytomas.Methods and resultsForty‐five astrocytic tumours, including 18 pilocytic astrocytomas, 14 astrocytomas, four anaplastic astrocytomas and nine glioblastomas, from 45 children and young adults, between 1 and 29 years (mean 11 years) of age, were examined pathologically, and sections from paraffin‐embedded blocks were used for MIB‐1 and p53 immunostaining. The MIB‐1 labelling index and the frequency and intensity of p53 staining in both the pilocytic astrocytoma and the astrocytoma group were significantly lower than in the anaplastic astrocytoma plus glioblastoma group (P < 0.001). In 11.1% (two of 18) of pilocytic astrocytomas and 42.9% (six of 14) of astrocytomas, immunoreactivity of either MIB‐1 or p53 staining was of almost the same intensity as that of anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. However, in these cases, results using both MIB‐1 and p53 stain differed from those for anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas.ConclusionsMIB‐1 and p53 co‐staining is very useful for differentiating pilocytic astrocytomas and astrocytomas from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. However, MIB‐1 or p53 staining alone cannot differentiate pilocytic astrocytomas and astrocytomas from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas.
β2‐microglobulin amyloid deposition in hip revision arthroplasty tissues
Authors: Crawford R , Athanasou N A 
Published: March 2003

AimsHip joint disease associated with progressive amyloid deposition in uraemic patients receiving chronic haemodialysis treatment often requires treatment by joint arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to determine whether β2‐microglobulin amyloid deposition occurred in the periprosthetic tissues of arthroplasties that had undergone aseptic loosening and required a revision procedure.Methods and resultsSections of the pseudocapsule, acetabular and femoral pseudomembrane surrounding failed total hip replacements of five uraemic patients known to have β2‐microglobulin amyloid deposits at the time of primary joint replacement were examined for the presence of β2‐microglobulin amyloid deposition by Congo red staining and immunohistochemical staining for β2‐microglobulin and other amyloid proteins. Clinical and radiological features of each case, including postoperative history and extent of osteolysis, were also noted. In all cases evidence of β2‐microglobulin amyloid deposits were found in one or more of the above periprosthetic tissues. In three of these cases amyloid deposition was extensive.ConclusionsThis study shows that β2‐microglobulin amyloid deposition occurs in revision arthroplasty tissues. Accelerated loosening of the prosthesis is known to occur in uraemic patients and it is possible that β2‐microglobulin amyloid deposition may contribute to early arthroplasty failure in uraemic patients who remain on haemodialysis treatment.
Hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells) in veno‐occlusive disease of the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Sato  , Asada  , Hara  , Marutsuka  , Tamura  , Hayashi  , Sumiyoshi  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo evaluate the role of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) after bone marrow transcription (BMT), we studied the distribution and area of activated HSCs by immunohistochemistry for α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA).Methods and resultsWe examined the liver of seven autopsy cases with hepatic VOD or without VOD after allogeneic BMT and five autopsy cases without liver disease as a control both microscopically and immunohistochemically. In normal liver tissues, SMA‐positive cells were observed around the central veins, while they were more frequently noted along the sinusoidal walls as well as around the central veins in liver tissues with or without VOD after BMT. The area of activated HSCs increased significantly in zones 1 and 2, and more prominently in zone 3 of the liver tissues after BMT than normal liver tissues, and was much larger in zone 3 of liver tissues with VOD. The activated HSCs were immunohistochemically negative for the regulatory contractile proteins (heavy caldesmon and calponin).ConclusionsThese results indicated that the activated HSCs may play an important role in sinusoidal fibrosis and luminal narrowing or occlusion of the central veins in VOD after BMT.
The role of Helicobacter pylori in primary gastric MALT lymphoma
Authors: Bouzourene  , Haefliger  , Delacretaz  , Saraga  
Published: March 2003

AimsHelicobacter pylori has been claimed to be an important aetiological factor which raises the risk of mucosa‐associated tissue lymphoid (MALT) lymphoma. However, some studies on gastric MALT lymphoma revealed a low rate of H. pylori infection suggesting that not all gastric lymphomas are related to H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to verify the H. pylori infection frequency in a series of patients with primary gastric MALT lymphomas and to examine the relationship between H. pylori and the pathological features of those lymphomas.Methods and resultsThirty‐one cases of resected gastric lymphoma were analysed: 10 cases (32%) were low‐grade MALT lymphomas and 21 cases (68%) were high‐grade MALT lymphomas. Helicobacter pylori was found in only 18 of 31 (58%) cases. Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly correlated with the grade and depth of invasion of MALT lymphoma since 63% of superficial low‐grade MALT lymphomas were positive for H. pylori compared with 38% of advanced high‐grade MALT lymphomas (P = 0.02).ConclusionWe confirmed the relationship between H. pylori infection and a subset of gastric MALT lymphoma. Our results also showed that not all low‐ and high‐grade gastric MALT lymphomas are H. pylori‐dependent. This suggests that H. pylori infection may play a promoter role in the development of MALT lymphoma, but its presence is not mandatory for the progression of the lymphoma in view of its low frequency in advanced high‐grade MALT lymphoma.
Expression of c‐kit (CD117) and Ki67 provides information about the possible cell of origin and clinical course of gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Seidal  , Edvardsson  
Published: March 2003

AimsGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) were analysed to determine their immunophenotype with emphasis on the expression of CD34 and c‐kit and to identify a possible cell of origin. Furthermore, the aim was to correlate clinical, histological and immunophenotypic parameters to their clinical course by means of statistical analysis.Methods and resultsAn immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 64 cases of GIST. Three of the tumours displayed an immunohistochemical phenotype compatible with the diagnosis of leiomyomatous tumour. Almost half the tumours were stained positively for CD34 and 48 of 61 tumours were positive for c‐kit (CD117), a marker of haematopoietic progenitor cells, mast cells and the so‐called interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC). In most of the cases, the staining was strong and evenly distributed within the tumours. Statistical analysis on 31 cases with an appropriate follow‐up time, showed that the expression of Ki67 in the nuclei of the tumour cells was the most important prognostic factor.ConclusionsJudging from the results of the immunohistochemistry, there would appear to be some justification for suggesting a label of ICC tumours for these c‐kit‐positive tumours without any other obvious phenotype. A discriminant function analysis allowed 90.3% of patients to be correctly classified in prognostic terms from data on Ki67 and CD34 expression, grade, size and patient age.
Reduced expression of APC and DCC gene protein in breast cancer
Authors: Ho  , Kalle  , Lo  , Lam  , Tang  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo investigate if the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein and the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) protein expression can be demonstrated by an immuno‐histochemical method and to study the role of APC and DCC gene inactivation in the development and progression of breast cancer using colorectal cancer as a control model.Methods and resultsThe reduced or loss of protein expression of the APC and DCC genes was studied in 27 surgical specimens of primary breast cancer using an immunohistochemical method. Reduced or lost expression was identified in 11 out of 27 samples (40.7%) for the APC gene and 15 out of 27 samples (55.6%) for the DCC gene. No statistically significant difference was observed between the reduced or lost protein expression and the histological grading of breast tumour for both the APC and the DCC gene.ConclusionsBoth gene proteins can be demonstrated by the immunohistochemical method. Reduced or loss of APC and DCC gene product were observed in 40.7% and 55.6% cases of primary breast cancer respectively. Further work is required to investigate the significance of the finding.
Hybrid carcinoma of the salivary gland: salivary duct adenocarcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Snyder  , G Paulino  
Published: March 2003

AimsHybrid tumours of the salivary gland are rare neoplasms that have been described only in the parotid and palate. Their recognition is important particularly when the component tumours have different biological behaviours. The occurrence of a submandibular hybrid tumour has not been reported.Methods and resultsWe describe a case of a 36‐year‐old woman with a hybrid carcinoma composed of salivary duct adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right submandibular gland. There was no evidence of a pre‐existing or concurrent pleomorphic adenoma. The presence of the two components was verified by differential immunohistochemical staining using a panel of cytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin and S100. The patient subsequently developed metastases to the pelvis, lumbar, vertebra and wrist. The clinical course in this patient was consistent with the behaviour of the salivary duct adenocarcinoma component.ConclusionsThe histogenesis of hybrid tumours is largely unknown, but in this case it may represent diverging differentiation of luminal tumour cells. Because some histological features of different salivary gland tumours overlap, immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool especially when used to delineate the components of a hybrid tumour.
Cytokeratin profiles of the thymus and thymomas: histogenetic correlations and proposal for a histological classification of thymomas
Authors: Kuo  
Published: March 2003

AimsSince cytokeratins (CKs) are useful as differentiation markers for histogenetic and classification studies, we investigated the CK profiles of the thymus and thymomas in an attempt to understand the histogenetic correlation and to propose a histological classification.Methods and resultsNine thymuses and 34 thymomas were immunostained for various CKs of different molecular weights and involucrin. Based on cytomorphology and histoarchitecture, thymomas were classified into spindle cell (SC), small polygonal cell (SPC), mixed, organoid, large polygonal cell (LPC) and squamoid (SQ) thymomas for compiling CK profiles. The thymus was shown to comprise four epithelial compartments, each expressing a different CK profile. Different histological types of thymoma expressed different CK profiles. By correlating the CK profiles of the thymus and thymoma, SPC, SC and LPC thymomas appeared to be related to subcapsular, medullary and cortical cells, respectively. Organoid thymoma recapitulated the structure and CK profile of the normal thymus, while SQ thymoma acquired additional squamous type CK. The applicability and usefulness of the proposed histological classification were evaluated on 147 thymomas by correlating the results with their invasive behaviour. One hundred and thirty‐nine cases (95%) could be classified and different histological types correlated strongly with their invasive behaviour.ConclusionsThe thymus is a complex epithelial organ composed of heterogeneous cell types giving rise to various related histological types of thymoma. The results of the CK profile study supports the proposed histological classification, which is pathologically applicable and clinically useful in correlating with invasiveness. This cytomorphological classification, supported by the CK expression patterns, is comparable to Müller‐Hermelink classification and the new WHO histological classification except that a separate group of SPC thymoma expressing only CK14 and CK19 was identified and separated from mixed thymoma.
c‐mos immunoreactivity is an indicator of good prognosis in lung cancer
Authors: Athanasiou A , Gorgoulis V G , Zacharatos P , Mariatos G , Kotsinas A , Liloglou T , Karameris A , Foukas P , Manolis E N , Field J K , Kittas C 
Published: March 2003

AimsReports concerning the expression of cytoplasmic components of the mitogen‐activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in lung cancer are limited. One of the molecules participating in this pathway is the product of the c‐mos proto‐oncogene. In vitro investigations, in somatic cells, have shown that c‐mos expression has opposing effects on cell cycle progression suggesting that it may represent an important determinant of aberrant cell function. In this study we analysed, by immunohistochemical means, its status in a series of lung carcinomas and correlated the findings with clinicopathological parameters and survival of the patients.Methods and resultsSixty cases of lung carcinomas were included in the study. These comprised 52 non‐small (NSCLCs) and eight small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). Sections from the carcinomas were immunostained with the polyclonal anti‐c‐mos antibody P‐19. Specificity was tested by using the appropriate control peptide and control cell lines. Expression was observed in 63% of the cases, with NSCLCs showing higher reactivity (67%) than SCLCs (37.5%). Staining was observed mainly to the cytoplasm and membranes of the cancerous cells, but some nuclei reacted as well. An intratumour heterogeneous immunoreactivity was noticed. The most interesting and unexpected finding was that c‐mos positive staining was associated with better recurrence‐free survival in our series, regardless of histological type (P = 0.035). Furthermore, favourable disease‐related and recurrence‐free survival was observed in the SqC group with c‐mos immunoreactivity (P < 0.001).Conclusions c‐mos proto‐oncogene is expressed in a significant proportion of lung carcinomas and may play a role in its development. The fact that its expression is associated with a relatively good prognosis may be indicative of a negative impact on tumour growth.
Lymphomatous features of aggressive NK cell leukaemia/lymphoma with massive necrosis, haemophagocytosis and EB virus infection
Authors: Mori N , Yamashita Y , Tsuzuki T , Nakayama A , Nakazawa M , Hasegawa Y , Kojima H , Nagasawa T 
Published: March 2003

Aims: Aggressive natural killer (NK) cell leukaemia will be categorized as a distinct entity in the new WHO classification of malignant lymphomas. However, its non‐leukaemic features remain unclear. We therefore investigated the morphological and immunophenotypic features of this lymphoma.Methods and results: Four cases with aggressive NK cell lymphoma were morphologically and immunohistochemically studied. All cases followed an aggressive course with death occurring within about 3 months of initial presentation. In these cases, the neoplastic cells disseminated throughout systemic lymph nodes and invaded various tissues and organs. The lymphoma cells were large cells showing nuclear irregularity and a pattern of sinusoidal invasion in lymph nodes. Apoptosis and coagulation necrosis were both frequently observed. Haemophagocytosis was observed in all cases. Neoplastic cells in paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from these patients had CD3(CD3ε)+ CD56(123C3)+ granzyme+ TIA‐1+ EBERT+ CD43(MT1)− CD45RO(UCHL‐1)− CD57(Leu7)− CD20(L26)− phenotypes. In the two cases where tissue was available for immunohistochemical study in frozen sections, neoplastic cells showed CD56(Leu19)+ perforin+ Fas ligand(FasL)+ CD2(Leu5b)− CD3(Leu4)− CD4(Leu3)− CD5(Leu1)− CD7(Leu9)− CD8(Leu2)−βF1− TCRδ1− phenotypes. CD16(Leu11b) was positive in one case.Conclusions: Natural killer cell lymphomas appear to represent a non‐leukaemic counterpart of aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia, a relationship similar to that in adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Awareness and diagnosis of this aggressive lymphoma is important because of its fulminant course.
Gastric or intestinal phenotypic expression in the carcinomas and background mucosa of multiple early gastric carcinomas
Authors: Kabashima A , Yao T , Sugimachi K , Tsuneyoshi M 
Published: March 2003

The differences in phenotypic expression between multiple early gastric carcinomas (EGCs) and solitary EGCs were evaluated in this study.Fifty‐three cases (53 lesions) of solitary EGCs and 50 cases (112 lesions) of multiple EGCs were studied. According to the classification of intestinal metaplasia, the phenotypes of carcinomas and background mucosa were classified into four categories—complete intestinal type, incomplete intestinal type, gastric type and unclassified type—based on the combination of expression of CD10 (small intestinal brush border), MUC2 (intestinal goblet cell), HGM (gastric foveolar epithelium) and Con A (gastric pyloric glands). The incidence of gastric‐type carcinomas (48%) and the incidence of incomplete intestinal‐type background mucosa (75%) among the multiple EGCs was higher than among the solitary EGCs. There was a significant difference in distribution of phenotypic expression of carcinomas and background mucosa between the solitary EGCs and the multiple EGCs, the latter being associated with incomplete intestinal metaplasia.Both the carcinomas and the background mucosa of multiple EGCs have an unstable status, since they more commonly possess the hybrid phenotype of the stomach and the small intestine than does solitary EGC. Such instability is considered to contribute to a high neoplastic potential and the multiple occurrence of carcinomas.
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the colon mimicking stromal tumour
Authors: Chang K‐C , Jin Y‐T , Chen F‐F , Su I‐J 
Published: March 2003

Follicular dendritic cell tumours are very rare neoplasms that often occur in lymph nodes. We report here a case in the colon, a hitherto unreported site, in a 37‐year‐old female. The differentiation from gastrointestinal stromal tumour is emphasized.The tumour was tan, elastic and solid with surface ulceration. Microscopically, it was composed of oval to spindle tumour cells with syncytial cytoplasm arranged in fascicular and whorled patterns. There were many infiltrating lymphocytes. The histological appearance resembled gastrointestinal stromal tumour, thymoma or meningioma. Distinct from the stromal tumour, the lymph node was also involved by the tumour. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for CD21, CD35 and CD68, but negative for cytokeratin, CD34, smooth muscle actin, desmin, S100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, leukocyte common antigen, HMB‐45 and c‐kit. In‐situ hybridization study was negative for Epstein–Barr virus RNA sequences. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells possessed cytoplasmic processes joined by desmosomes.This entity should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses for gastrointestinal stromal tumour. The lymph node metastasis and immunohistochemical features are of value for identification of this rare neoplasm.
mRNA expression of urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Lee H S , Park S Y , Moon K C , Hong H K , Song C Y , Hong S Y 
Published: March 2003

mRNA expression of urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis Aims: Weak staining for urokinase‐plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA), or plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) confined to crescents has been described in a few cases of severe crescentic glomerulonephritis. We evaluated the molecular mechanism by which these proteins are increased or induced within crescents. Methods and results: We examined uPA, tPA and PAI‐1 mRNA expression in 12 renal biopsies with crescentic glomerulonephritis, and in six control renal biopsies with no detectable abnormalities by RNA in‐situ hybridization. The expressions of uPA, tPA and PAI‐1 proteins were also assessed by immunofluorescence. To better determine the cellular origin of uPA and PAI‐1 transcripts, CD68 protein was studied by immunohistochemistry on the same sections on which in‐situ hybridization had been performed. In controls, there were very low level signals of uPA and PAI‐1 mRNAs in a few glomerular epithelial cells (GECs). Specific signals of uPA and PAI‐1 mRNAs were detected in the cells forming crescents in all the cases with crescentic glomerulonephritis. However, weak expression of mRNA for tPA was detected in two cases only. Immunostaining for uPA and PAI‐1 was positive in some but not all, cases of crescentic glomerulonephritis. A double‐labelling study showed that the signal for PAI‐1 and uPA mRNAs was mainly in CD68− cells. Conclusions: Local accumulation of uPA or PAI‐1 in crescents is associated with enhanced mRNA expression of these proteins. The up‐regulation of PAI‐1 mRNA by GECs, in particular, could play a major role in the formation of persistent fibrin deposits and progression of the lesions in crescents. Whether up‐regulation of uPA is an epiphenomenon or plays a pathogenic role in the formation of crescents remains to be clarified.