bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber draw using draw pins under isothermal conditions
Authors: Bechtel S. E. , Vohra S. , Jacob K. I. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractUsing the governing equations developed from earlier work, we analyze a commercially relevant fiber drawing process where draw pins are used for localizing and enhancing the fiber draw. Inclusion of a draw pin introduces the possibility of unloading in the fiber, resulting in the additional complexity of elastic‐plastic fiber characteristics in the analysis. In the absence of unloading, the stress in the fiber monotonically increases, so that only the elastic response of the fiber enters into the analysis. In this work, we analyze an isothermal two stage drawing process with a draw pin in the second draw zone. Various possibilities of draw are analyzed which show that the total draw is in general distributed between the first and the second roller as well as on the pin. The offset location of the pin is shown to have a significant effect on the distribution of the draw. As this offset is increased, the nature of the draw on second roller changes from loading, to neither loading nor unloading at a critical offset, to unloading.
PBT/PET conjugated fibers: Melt spinning, fiber properties, and thermal bonding
Authors: Rwei Syang‐Peng , Jue Zhi‐Feng , Chen Frank L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis work examines the PBT/PET sheath/core conjugated fiber, with reference to melt spinning, fiber properties and thermal bonding. Regarding the rheological behaviors in the conjugated spinning, PET and PBT show the smallest difference between their melt‐viscosity at temperatures of 290°C and 260°C respectively, which has been thought to represent optimal spinning conditions. The effect of processing parameters on the crystallinity of core material‐PET was observed and listed. In order of importance, these factors are the draw ratio, the heat‐set temperature, and the drawing temperature. The crystallinity of sheath material‐PBT, however, can be considered to be constant, independent of any processing parameters. The bulk orientation, rather than the crystallinity of PET core, dominates the tenacity of PBT/PET sheath/core fiber. Moreover, heat‐set treatment after drawing is recommended to yield a highly oriented conjugated fiber. With respect to thermal bonding, PBT/PET conjugated fibers processed via high draw ratio but low‐temperature heat setting can form optimal thermal bonds at a constant bonding temperature of 10°C above the Tm of PBT.
Electroless plating of copper on fluorinated polyimide films modified by surface graft copolymerization with 1‐vinylimidazole and 4‐vinylpyridine
Authors: Wang W. C. , Vora R. H. , Kang E. T. , Neoh K. G. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractElectroless plating of copperviaa tin‐free activation process was carried out effectively on two types of fluorinated polyimide (FPI) films modified by UV‐induced surface graft copolymerization with N‐containing monomers, such as 1‐vinylimidazole (VIDz) and 4‐vinyl pyridine (4VP). The graft copolymerization of VIDz and 4VP was carried out on the argon (Ar) plasma‐pretreated FPI filmsviaa solvent‐free process under atmospheric conditions. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that the VIDz graft‐copolymerized FPI surface (the VIDz‐g‐FPI surface) and 4VP graft‐copolymerized FPI surface (the 4VP‐g‐FPI surface) were much more susceptible to the electroless deposition of metalsviathe Sn‐free process than the pristine FPI surfaces, and the FPI surfaces modified by Ar plasma pretreatment alone. T‐peel adhesion strengths above 9 N/cm were achieved for the electrolessly deposited copper on both VIDz‐g‐FPI surfaces (the Cu/VIDz‐g‐FPI assemblies) and 4VP‐g‐FPI surfaces (the Cu/4VP‐g‐FPI assemblies). These adhesion strength values were much higher than those obtained for assemblies involving electrolessly deposited copper on pristine or on Ar plasma pretreated FPI films. The high adhesion strength of the Cu/VIDz‐g‐FPI and Cu/4VP‐g‐FPI assemblies was attributed to the synergistic effect of spatial interactions of the grafted VIDz or 4VP polymer chains with the copper atoms, and the fact that the VIDz or 4VP polymer chains were covalently tethered on the FPI surfaces. XPS results also revealed that the Cu/VIDz‐g‐FPI and Cu/4VP‐g‐FPI assemblies delaminated by cohesive failure inside the FPI films.
Effects of electron beam irradiation on poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Kim Jun Young , Kim Oh Seung , Kim Seong Hun , Jeon Han Yong 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the properties and compatibility of poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends was investigated. Upon EB irradiation, PEN/PET blends underwent transesterification reactions, resulting in the formation of more random copolymers from the original binary pair. The degree of transesterification increased with dose rate, and all of the irradiated blends exhibited a single glass transition temperature. This indicated that transesterification reactions promoted by EB irradiation led to the formation of a single phase. Transesterification reactions promoted by EB irradiation led to more random copolymers, and the reduced regularity in the irradiated blends decreased the melting temperature. A higher degree of randomness and lower number‐average sequence lengths for the blend systems indicated that a more random chain structure was formed in the blends. The rheological measurements demonstrated that the irradiated PEN/PET blends were miscible. EB irradiation could promote transesterification reaction, thus enhancing the compatibility of PEN/PET blends.
Determining a significant change in protein expression with DeCyder™ during a pair‐wise comparison using two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis
Authors: Karp Natasha A. , Kreil David P. , Lilley Kathryn S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTwo‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) is a tool for measuring changes in protein expression between samples involving pre‐electrophoretic labeling with cyanine dyes. Here we assess a common method to analyze DIGE data using the DeCyder™ software system. Experimental error was studied by a series of same sample comparisons. Aliquots of sample were labeled with N‐hydroxyl succinimidyl ester‐derivatives of Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5 dyes and run together on one gel. This allowed assessment of how experimental error influenced differential expression analysis. Bias in the log volume ratios was observed, which could be explained by differences in dye background. Further complications are caused by significant gel‐to‐gel variation in the spot volume ratio distributions. Using DeCyder™ alone results in an inability to define ratio thresholds for 90 or 95% confidence. An alternative normalization method was thus applied which resulted in improved data distribution and allowed greater sensitivity in analysis. When combined with a standardizing function, this allowed gel‐independent thresholds for 90% confidence. The new approach, detailed here, represents a method to greatly improve the success of DIGE data analysis.
The Human Proteome Organization Plasma Proteome Project pilot phase: Reference specimens, technology platform comparisons, and standardized data submissions and analyses
Authors: Omenn Gilbert S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA comprehensive, systematic characterization of cirolating proteins in health and disease will greatly facilitate development of biomarkers for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of cancers and other diseases. The Human Proteome Organization Plasma Proteome Project pilot phase aims to (1) compare the advantages and limitations of many technology platforms; (2) contrast reference specimens of human plasma (ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid, heparin, citrate‐anticoagulated) and serum, in terms of numbers of proteins identified and any interferences with various technology platforms; and (3) create a global knowledge base/data repository.
Prostate cancer cells generated during intermittent androgen ablation acquire a growth advantage and exhibit changes in epidermal growth factor receptor expression
Authors: Hobisch Alfred , Fiechtl Matthias , Sandahl‐Sorensen Boe , Godoy‐Tundidor Sonia , Artner‐Dworzak Erika , Ramoner Reinhold , Bartsch Georg , Culig Zoran 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntermittent androgen ablation is a palliative treatment option for advanced prostate cancer which is associated with less side effects, improved quality of life of patients, and reduced costs. Regulation of growth and survival of prostate cancer cells during intermittent androgen withdrawal has not been studied in appropriate models yet.METHODSTwo cycles of androgen withdrawal and supplementation were performed in human prostate cancer cells LNCaP in vitro. Proliferation of prostate cancer cell sublines established after intermittent androgen withdrawal was assessed in the absence or presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) by protein determination. Cell cycle was analyzed with a flow cytometer. EGF was measured in the supernatants of LNCaP sublines with a commercial ELISA. EGF receptor mRNA and protein were determined by real‐time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTSBasal proliferation rate of all newly generated LNCaP sublines increased over that of the parental LNCaP cell line. The highest stimulation of proliferation by exogenous EGF was observed in parental LNCaP cells. In each LNCaP derivative established during intermittent androgen withdrawal, the percentage of cells in the S phase of cell cycle was higher than that in parental LNCaP cells. EGF levels did not increase during intermittent androgen ablation. The expression of EGF receptor protein decreased following each cycle of androgen ablation and increased subsequently after androgen supplementation. EGF receptor (EGFR) mRNA was regulated in a similar manner in LNCaP derivatives established during the second cycle of intermittent withdrawal.CONCLUSIONSChanges in the expression of the EGF receptor occur during intermittent androgen ablation but they cannot be solely responsible for increased basal proliferation. Alternatively, other ligands and receptors of the EGF system may become overexpressed during prolonged withdrawal and supplementation of androgenic hormones in prostate cancer therapy. © 2004 Wileey‐Liss, Inc.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intestinal metaplasia in prostates of probasin‐RAS transgenic mice
Authors: Scherl Alexis , Li Jiu‐Feng , Cardiff Robert D. , Schreiber‐Agus Nicole 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDActivation of the RAS pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of human cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we employed a transgenic approach to assess the potential contribution of RAS to prostate carcinogenesis.METHODSProbasin‐RAS (Pb‐RAS) transgenic mice were generated and shown to express high levels of activated RAS in the prostate lobes. Transgenic prostates were compared to normal controls by histology and immunohistochemistry with relevant markers.RESULTSPb‐RAS transgenic prostates exhibit neoplastic changes including low‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and metaplastic changes towards an intestinal goblet cell phenotype. The finding of high levels of the goblet cell‐specific peptide Itf/Tff3 in these transgenic prostates is in accordance with recent microarray studies showing that ITF/TFF3 is upregulated in human prostate cancer samples.CONCLUSIONSThe Pb‐RAS mouse model could be useful for elucidating the early events in prostate carcinogenesis, as well as for studying the mechanisms and potential prostate cancer relevance of intestinal metaplasia. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer and polymorphism D85Y in gene for dihydrotestosterone degrading enzyme UGT2B15: Frequency of DD homozygotes increases with Gleason Score
Authors: Hajdinjak Tine , Zagradišnik Boris 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough, a functional rationale for influence of polymorphism D85Y in gene UGT2B15 on prostate cancer (PCa) exists (different Vmax of enzyme), conflicting results have been reported.METHODSDNA from 178 controls and 206 PCa patients with known Gleason score were genotyped using a newly developed RFLP assay, which allowed the detection of both alleles in an individual after single PCR amplification.RESULTSControls: 16% DD, 52% DY; PCa patients: 23% DD, 49% DY. Subgroups of PCa: well differentiated: 11% DD, 37% DY; moderately differentiated: 22% DD, 50% DY; poorly differentiated: 34% DD, 50% DY. Correlation was confirmed between Gleason score and number of D alleles (P = 0.018) and persisted after age adjustment. When comparing controls to patients with a Gleason score of 7 or more, difference for the frequency of homozygosity DD was significant between the groups (P = 0.032, OR = 2.04).CONCLUSIONSPolymorphism D85Y in gene UGT2B15 correlates with differentiation of PCa. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NY‐ESO‐1 protein expression and humoral immune responses in prostate cancer
Authors: Fosså Alexander , Berner Aasmund , Fosså Sophie D. , Hernes Eivor , Gaudernack Gustav , Smeland Erlend B. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to restricted expression in normal tissues cancer/testis (C/T) antigens represent candidate molecules for immunotherapy of cancer. NY‐ESO‐1 is a well‐studied C/T antigen with unknown expression and immunogenicity in prostate cancer (PC) patients.METHODSNY‐ESO‐1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and humoral immune responses against NY‐ESO‐1 assessed by enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Protein expression and serological responses were correlated with clinical findings and survival.RESULTSNY‐ESO‐1 expression was found in biopsies from 2 of 66 localized PC and 7/48 hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients, respectively. Anti‐NY‐ESO‐1 antibodies were detected in sera from 1 of 112 localized PC and 18 of 95 HRPC patients. Two of four HRPC patients with NY‐ESO‐1 positive biopsies had mounted a serological response. Positive anti‐NY‐ESO‐1 titers were correlated with poor survival in HRPC patients.CONCLUSIONSNY‐ESO‐1 is expressed in a subset of HRPC patients and, together with other C/T antigens, may serve as a target antigen for development of immunotherapy of PC. Spontaneous serological responses against NY‐ESO‐1 may be associated with poor survival. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dielectric relaxation of KH2PO4 above room temperature
Authors: Diosa J. E. , Vargas R. A. , Albinsson I. , Mellander B.‐E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe dispersion curves of the dielectric response of KH2PO4 were obtained from 5 Hz to 13 MHz and over the temperature range 120–206 °C for both single crystal and polycrystalline samples. Both types of samples reveal dielectric relaxation at low frequency, for example around 104 Hz at 140 °C, which shifts to higher frequencies (∼1 MHz) as the temperature increases. The relaxation frequency was determined from the peak obtained in the imaginary part of the permittivity as well as from the derivative of the real part of the permittivity. The activation energy Ea = 0.82 eV, obtained from the relaxation frequency is very close to that derived from the dc conductivity. We suggest that this dielectric relaxation could be due to the proton jump and phosphate reorientation that causes distortion and change the local lattice polarizability inducing dipoles like . (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal and spin transports in spin‐½ extended XY chain
Authors: Lou Ping 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe thermal and spin Drude weights of the spin‐½ extended XY chain with three‐spin interaction model [Euro. Phys Jour. B 32, 383 (2003)] are solved exactly. It is shown that the competition between the two‐spin and three‐spin interactions in the system influences the calculated quantities and leads to its characteristic features near the quantum critical point. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The spin‐3/2 Blume–Emery–Griffiths model with repulsive biquadratic coupling in an external field
Authors: Ekiz C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe spin‐3/2 Blume–Emery–Griffiths model is solved on the Bethe lattice in the absence and presence of the external field using the iteration technique (recursion method). The phase diagrams are obtained for the coordination number q = 3, 4, 6 and 8. We confirm the existence of a staggered quadrupolar phase in addition to a ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic ordered phases and analyze the occurence of re‐entrant boundaries inside the ordered region as a character of the coordination of the lattice. A comparison is made with the results of other approximate methods. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on the adhesion between polytetra‐fluoroethylene film and silanized glass foil
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Chen Yashao , Dong Tao 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAdhesion of plasma‐pretreated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films to glass foils silanized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) was demonstrated via thermally induced surface graft polymerization with concurrent lamination. The simultaneous thermal grafting and lamination process was carried out under atmospheric conditions in the presence of pure acrylic acid (AAc) or aqueous solutions of acrylamide (AAm) and in the absence of polymerization initiator. The chemical composition and microstructure of the modified PTFE films and glass foils were characterized by XPS. The effects of the plasma pretreatment time for the substrates, thermal grafting/lamination temperature and time and graft monomers on the adhesion strength of the PTFE/APS‐glass junction were studied. The adhesion strengths of PTFE/APS‐glass assemblies were significantly improved in the presence of AAc or AAm. The 180° peel adhesion strength of the PTFE/AAc/APS‐glass and the PTFE/AAm/APS‐glass assemblies can reach about 11.2 and 4.6 N cm−1, respectively. Analysis of the mechanically delaminated surfaces by XPS suggests that the failure modes of both assemblies involve mainly the cohesive failure in the PTFE substrate and some very small adhesion failure in the graft layer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical analysis of interface energy for unrelaxed Ag(001)/Ni(001) twist interface boundaries with MAEAM
Authors: Ma Fei , Zhang Jian‐Min , Xu Ke‐Wei 
Published: March 2004

AbstractInterfacial energies for unrelaxed Ag(001)/Ni(001) twist interface boundaries with near‐coincidence site lattices have been calculated using the modified analytical embedded atom method (MAEAM). The results show that the interfacial energies are strongly dependent on the azimuthal misorientation θ. The first six lowest interfacial energies correspond to θ = 10.3, 15.26, 6.34, 37.88, 26.57 and 12.34°, which correspond to the coincidence interface boundaries of Σ = 25/20, 13/10, 41/32, 13/10, 5/4 and 37/29, respectively. Considering only the interfacial energy, we can predict that these interface boundaries are successively preferable for epitaxial growth of silver film on (001)‐oriented nickel substrate. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ototoxicity of Ototopical Antibiotic Drops in Humans
Authors: Matz Greg , Rybak Leonard , Roland Peter S. , Hannley Maureen , Friedman Rick , Manolidis Spiros , Stewart Michael G. , Weber Peter , Owens Fred 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the incidence of injury to the cochlea or vestibular system from the use of ototopic antibiotic ear drops.STUDY DESIGNWe conducted a MEDLINE search of the published literature from 1966 to the present using the search items of “ototopic antibiotics,” “ototopic drops,” “antibiotic resistance,” and others to identify pertinent articles. These articles were reviewed and graded according to evidence quality. Forty‐four articles were found; 27 articles were considered appropriate for review and 14 of these articles were thought to warrant further extensive review. The latter 14 articles dealt directly with the evaluation of either hearing loss or changes in vestibular function after the use of ototopic ear drops. We eliminated studies that did not consider hearing or vestibular function. We considered only articles in the English language, eliminating articles that not address the ototoxicity of ototopical ear drops.RESULTSMost of these articles were in the level 3 to 3b category. Two of the articles were in the 1b category, evaluating evidence‐based studies. An article that reviewed case reports of ototopical oto‐toxicity and a survey article are included in this study, as case reports of ototopical ototoxicity and survey articles.CONCLUSIONWe found a total of 54 cases of gentamicin vestibular toxicity and, in 24 of these patients, cochlear toxicity was also documented. Our review also found 11 cases of cochlear and 2 cases of vestibular toxicity in neomycin‐based ear drops.
An empirical model to predict the UV‐index based on solar zenith angles and total ozone
Authors: Allaart Marc , van Weele Michiel , Fortuin Paul , Kelder Hennie 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe clear sky UV‐index is expressed as a function of two predictable quantities: the solar zenith angle and total ozone. This function is derived by fitting the measurements of total ozone and the UV‐index obtained from two instruments, one in the mid‐latitudes and one in the tropics. The shape of the function was chosen so that it represents the essentials of the underlying physics. This new function gives good results for all solar zenith angles between 0° and 90° and a wide range of total ozone values. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society.
Two different methods to correct the initial conditions applied to the storm of 27 December 1999 over southern France
Authors: Hello G. , Arbogast P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn strong baroclinic flows, small errors in the initial conditions may grow rapidly and lead to large forecast errors even at very short ranges. It is therefore of crucial importance that these initial conditions are determined carefully. In this paper we use two different but complementary methods to improve the operational analysis of a storm that caused loss of life and much material damage in France on 27 December 1999. The first method is based on the adjoint technique: an adjoint model‐run provides the sensitivity of one aspect of the forecast (the cost function) to the initial conditions. We then apply a correction whose shape is the sensitivity so that the corrected initial state better fits the observations. The second method is based on the Quasi‐Geostrophic Potential Vorticity (QGPV) inversion. A misfit between the model analysis and satellite pictures (water vapour Meteosat images, for example) leads to the subjective modification of some of the features of the potential vorticity field. The analysis is modified using the wind and temperature corrections provided by the inversion of the QGPV correction. Both methods significantly improve the forecast and may provide valuable guidance for forecasters in real time. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society.