bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent heat and mass lines in finite difference regime
Authors: S P Suresha , Reddy G. Janardhana , Basha Hussain 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFinite difference modelling of turbulent heat and mass flow visualization finds numerous applications in atmospheric flows/oceanic currents, wind turbines, thermal transfer in nuclear reactors, drag in oil pipelines, cooling of industrial machineries, and to investigate the complexity, dynamic and chaotic nature of the physical system. A turbulent phenomenon is effectively implemented in engineering, physics, earth sciences, bio‐engineering and medicine. Hence, motivated by the advantages of turbulence in various engineering fields, in the current article, a finite difference analysis is performed to demonstrate the k‐ε turbulence model‐based heat and mass lines visualization in boundary layer regime under turbulent buoyancy‐driven convective conditions along a cylinder. Turbulent flow characteristics are accurately explored by deploying the classical Newtonian flow model. Further, to accomplish a more sophisticated finite difference simulation, the effects of extra kinetic energy and its dissipation rate equations are considered. The produced Navier‐Stokes equations for time‐dependent turbulent heat and mass transmission are rendered to non‐dimensional by deploying suitable dimensionless numbers. The advanced coupled nonlinear turbulent unsteady buoyancy‐motivated vertical convection problem is then solved with a well‐sophisticated finite difference scheme such as Crank‐Nicolson technique using computational software. Authentication of current results with former solutions over a range of buoyancy number, Schmidt, and Prandtl parameters are presented. An extensive tabular and graphical discussion along with contours, heat and masslines visualization is included to enumerate the hydro‐dynamic, thermal and mass diffusion behaviour for the impact of emerged regulating numbers in the Prandtl regime. It is confirmed that, the accelerating turbulent buoyancy‐ratio number, maximizes the velocity, kinetic energy and dissipation rate at . Further, the numerical values of laminar thermal and mass diffusion rates are monotonically enhanced when compared to the turbulent values. Also, to verify the current findings, the authors compared the LRN k‐ε model turbulent results with the existing solutions and found good agreement. Further, the uniqueness and novelty of the current investigation is the exploration of heat and masslines in unsteady buoyancy‐driven convection regime under the influence of k‐ε turbulence model which extends the former studies and offers a more precise appraisal of the thermal and mass diffusion lines via the Crank‐Nicolson analysis.
The Continuing Relevance of Jane Jacobs’s Economics and Social Theory
Authors: Ikeda Sanford 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter begins to argue the case that Jacobs made valuable and relevant contributions to economic theory. It describes the nature of her contributions and their relation in particular to market-process economics, and posits that the theory of society underlying market-process economics also underlies Jacobs’s economics and critique of planning. Subsequent chapters develop this argument in detail.
Cities of the Future
Authors: Ikeda Sanford 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the previous chapter, we examined the limits of urban micro-interventions from a Jacobsian Market Urbanist framework. Here we use that framework to address a different but related set of questions: To what extent is it feasible to consciously plan for “urban vitality”? How much political authority is needed to accomplish this? How workable are some of the recent, imaginative proposals for city planning and rebuilding? We also analyze the nature of different kinds of rules and how they relate to the difference between “governance” and “government,” which entails digging more deeply into some of the concepts we have already been using.
Prefixes of bargraph paths
Authors: Blecher Aubrey , Knopfmacher Arnold 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe extend the notion of bargraphs as first quadrant, semi-perimeter defined lattice paths to that of a bargraph prefix where we relax the bargraph defining parameters and allow the bargraph to extend into negative territory. A bargraph prefix is any initial section of a bargraph. Generating functions for the prefixes which separately track the number of up, down and horizontal steps are found. The asymptotics for the average height of the last prefix step in the different bargraph extensions is given.
Tropopause folds over the Tibetan Plateau and their impact on water vapor in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere
Authors: Zhang Yongpeng , Huang Qian , Guo Kun , Wang Mengyuan , Liao Huiren , Chou Yan , He Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs one of the most important greenhouse gases, water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) has a significant impact on the global earth-atmosphere system. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important high terrain which exerts a profound impact on the change of weather and climate, and mass exchange. Tropopause folds occur frequently over the TP due to the impact of the subtropical westerly jet, which affects water vapor transport between the stratosphere and the troposphere. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of tropopause folds over the TP are examined by applying an improved three-dimensional (3D) labeling algorithm to the ERA5 reanalysis data (1979 to 2019). The effects of different fold depths in various regions over the TP on the variations of UTLS water vapor are further studied. The results of a case study (25 February 2008) suggest that there is a good continuity in identification of the fold depth for the same fold event using the improved 3D labeling algorithm. The fold depth and height are consistent with the results of radiosonde data and ERA5 reanalysis data. The fold frequency over the TP shows an increasing trend in the last 41 years, with slightly lower frequency of medium folds than that of shallow folds, and lowest frequency of deep folds. There is increasing water vapor in the UTLS over the TP due to tropopause folds. The results indicate that tropopause folds enhance the horizontal divergence of water vapor in the UTLS and increase the vertical water vapor flux in the UTLS region. The folding over the plateau leads to increased moisture in the UTLS. It is argued that vertical velocity anomalies in the vicinity of the fold and subgrid perturbations have a significant impact on the increase of UTLS water vapor over the TP. The results of this work provide a scientific basis for a better understanding of the stratosphere-troposphere exchanges due to tropopause folds over the TP.
Concordance between MITS and conventional autopsies for pathological and virological diagnoses
Authors: Schädler Julia , Azeke Akhator Terence , Ondruschka Benjamin , Steurer Stefan , Lütgehetmann Marc , Fitzek Antonia , Möbius Dustin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn pandemics or to further study highly contagious infectious diseases, new strategies are needed for the collection of post-mortem tissue samples to identify the pathogen as well as its morphological impact. In this study, an ultrasound-guided minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) protocol was developed and validated for post-mortem use. The histological and microbiological qualities of post-mortem specimens were evaluated and compared between MITS and conventional autopsy (CA) in a series of COVID-19 deaths. Thirty-six ultrasound-guided MITS were performed. In five cases more, specimens for histological and virological examination were also obtained and compared during the subsequently performed CA. Summary statistics and qualitative interpretations (positive, negative) were calculated for each organ tissue sample from MITS and CA, and target genes were determined for both human cell count (beta-globin) and virus (SARS-CoV-2 specific E gene). There are no significant differences between MITS and CA with respect to the detectability of viral load in individual organs, which is why MITS can be of utmost importance and an useful alternative, especially during outbreaks of infectious diseases.
Dynamic transcriptome analysis unravels key regulatory genes of maize root growth and development in response to potassium deficiency
Authors: Guo Song , Liu Zhigang , Sheng Huajin , Olukayode Toluwase , Zhou Zijun , Liu Yonghong , Wang Meng , He Mingjiang , Kochian Leon , Qin Yusheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
Integrated root phenotypes and transcriptome analysis have revealed key candidate genes responsible for maize root growth and development in potassium deficiency.

Abstract
Potassium (K) is a vital macronutrient for plant growth, but our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms in maize root system architecture (RSA) and K+ uptake remains limited. To address this, we conducted hydroponic and field trials at different growth stages. K+ deficiency significantly inhibited maize root growth, with metrics like total root length, primary root length, width and maximum root number reduced by 50% to 80% during early seedling stages. In the field, RSA traits exhibited maximum values at the silking stage but continued to decline thereafter. Furthermore, K deprivation had a pronounced negative impact on root morphology and RSA growth and grain yield. RNA-Seq analysis identified 5972 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 17 associated with K+ signaling, transcription factors, and transporters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 23 co-expressed modules, with enrichment of transcription factors at different developmental stages under K deficiency. Several DEGs and transcription factors were predicted as potential candidate genes responsible for maize root growth and development. Interestingly, some of these genes exhibited homology to well-known regulators of root architecture or development in Arabidopsis, such as Zm00001d014467 (AtRCI3), Zm00001d011237 (AtWRKY9), and Zm00001d030862 (AtAP2/ERF). Identifying these key genes helps to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing maize root growth and development under nutrient deficient conditions offering potential benefits for enhancing maize production and improving stress resistance through targeted manipulation of RSA traits in modern breeding efforts.
MicroRNAs in atrial fibrillation target genes in structural remodelling
Authors: van den Berg Nicoline W. E. , Kawasaki Makiri , Nariswari Fransisca A. , Fabrizi Benedetta , Neefs Jolien , van der Made Ingeborg , Wesselink Robin , van Boven Wim Jan P. , Driessen Antoine H. G. , Jongejan Aldo , de Groot Joris R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe aim to elucidate how miRNAs regulate the mRNA signature of atrial fibrillation (AF), to gain mechanistic insight and identify candidate targets for future therapies. We present combined miRNA–mRNA sequencing using atrial tissues of patient without AF (n = 22), with paroxysmal AF (n = 22) and with persistent AF (n = 20). mRNA sequencing previously uncovered upregulated epithelial to mesenchymal transition, endothelial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodelling involving glycoproteins and proteoglycans in AF. MiRNA co-sequencing discovered miRNAs regulating the mRNA expression changes. Key downregulated miRNAs included miR-135b-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p and miR-31-5p and key upregulated miRNAs were miR-144-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-182-5p miR-18b-5p, miR-4306 and miR-206. MiRNA expression levels were negatively correlated with the expression levels of a multitude of predicted target genes. Downregulated miRNAs associated with increased gene expression are involved in upregulated epithelial and endothelial cell migration and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. In vitro inhibition of miR-135b-5p and miR-138-5p validated an effect of miRNAs on multiple predicted targets. Altogether, the discovered miRNAs may be explored in further functional studies as potential targets for anti-fibrotic therapies in AF.
Do pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients have higher prevalence of kidney stones on computed tomography compared to hospital controls?
Authors: Harmsen Iris M. , Kok Madeleine , Bartstra Jonas W. , de Jong Pim A. , Spiering Wilko , Foppen Wouter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by diminished inorganic plasma pyrophosphate (PPi), a strong calcification inhibitor. In addition to more typical calcification of skin, retina and arterial wall a diminished plasma PPi could lead to other ectopic calcification, such as formation of kidney stones.

Objective
To compare the prevalence of kidney stones between PXE patients and hospital controls on computed tomography (CT).

Method
Low-dose CT images of PXE patients and controls were assessed by one radiologist, who was blinded for the diagnosis PXE. The number of kidney stones, and the size of the largest stone was recorded. Odds ratios (ORs) for having kidney stone were calculated using multivariable adjusted logistic regression.

Results
Our study comprised 273 PXE patients and 125 controls. The mean age of PXE patients was 51.5 ± 15.9 years compared to 54.9 ± 14.2 in the control group (p = 0.04) and PXE patients more often were women (63 vs. 50%, p = 0.013). The prevalence of kidney stones on CT was similar: 6.9% in PXE patients, compared to 5.6% in controls (p = 0.6). In the multivariate analysis adjusting for age and sex, there was no significantly higher odds for PXE patients on having stones, compared to controls: OR 1.48 (95% CI 0.62–3.96).

Conclusion
There is no significant difference in the prevalence of incidental kidney stones on CT in PXE patients versus controls.
Therapeutic effectiveness of anlotinib combined with etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm, phase II trial
Authors: Wu Yuan , Zhou Xuefeng , Zhao Weiqing , Wang Qiong , Han Zhengxiang , Wang Lifeng , Zhou Wenjie , Zhou Tong , Song Haizhu , Chen Yong , Yang Kaihua , Shi Lin , Pan Banzhou , Guo Renhong , Zhou Guoren , Jiang Feng , Feng Jifeng , Shen Bo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Anlotinib plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) achieves good efficacy, but there is still room for improvement. This clinical study examined the effectiveness of anlotinib plus etoposide for maintenance therapy in ES-SCLC.

Methods
The current single-arm, prospective phase II study was performed at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital (March 2019 to March 2022). After successful primary etoposide-based therapy, anlotinib was administered at 12 mg/day on days 1 to 14 of 21-day cycles until disease progression or consent withdrawal. All patients also received etoposide at 50 mg/day on days 1 to 14 of 21-day cycles for a maximum of six cycles. Progression-free survival (PFS) constituted the primary study endpoint. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective remission rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. In addition, adverse events (AEs) were assessed.

Results
Twenty-eight patients were treated. Median PFS and OS were 8.02 (95%CI 5.36–10.67) and 11.04 (95%CI 10.37–11.68) months, respectively. Totally 9 and 18 participants showed a partial response and stable disease, respectively; ORR and DCR were 32.14% and 96.43%, respectively. The commonest all-grade AEs were fatigue (n = 11, 39.28%), hypertension (n = 11, 39.28%), loss of appetite (n = 9, 32.14%), oral mucositis (n = 7, 25.00%) and proteinuria (n = 6, 21.40%). Grade 3–4 AEs included fatigue (n = 4, 14.28%), hypertension (n = 2, 7.14%), hand and foot syndrome (n = 2, 7.14%), oral mucositis (n = 1, 3.57%), hemoptysis (n = 1, 3.57%), proteinuria (n = 1, 3.57%), gingival bleeding (n = 1, 3.57%), and serum creatinine elevation (n = 1, 3.57%).

Conclusion
Maintenance anlotinib plus etoposide achieves promising PFS and OS in clinical ES-SCLC.

Registration number
ChiCTR1800019421.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters of low-cost air purifiers in community-based organizations
Authors: Clarke Rachel D. , Garba Nana Aisha , Barbieri Manuel A. , Acuna Leonardo , Baum Marianna , Rodriguez Maribel Saad , Frias Hansel , Saldarriaga Paulina , Stefano Troy , Mathee Kalai , Narasimhan Giri , R. Brown David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in public spaces and assess the utility of inexpensive air purifiers equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters for viral detection. Samples were collected from six community-based organizations in underserved minority neighborhoods in Northwest Miami, Florida, from February to May 2022. Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in air purifier filters and surface swabs. Among 32 filters tested, three yielded positive results, while no positive surface swabs were found. Notably, positive samples were obtained exclusively from child daycare centers. These findings highlight the potential for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor air, particularly in child daycare centers. Moreover, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of readily available HEPA filters in detecting the virus. Improving indoor ventilation and implementing air filtration systems are crucial in reducing COVID-19 transmission where people gather. Air filtration systems incorporating HEPA filters offer a valuable approach to virus detection and reducing transmission risks. Future research should explore the applicability of this technology for early identification and mitigation of viral outbreaks.
Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia: simulations with a macroeconometric model
Authors: Weyerstrass Klaus , Blueschke Dmitri , Neck Reinhard , Verbič Miroslav 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we analyse the effectiveness of fiscal policies with respect to macroeconomic stabilisation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the small open economy of Slovenia. Using SLOPOL11, an econometric model of the Slovenian economy, we simulate the development of the its economy during the 2020s under alternative assumptions about future pandemic-related shocks. We also determine optimal fiscal policies to combat the effects of the pandemic and to stabilise the economy under two scenarios for the future course of developments under COVID-19. Our simulations show that those public spending measures that entail both demand- and supply-side effects are more effective at stimulating real GDP and increasing employment than pure demand-side measures. Successful stabilisation policies should thus contain a supply-side component in addition to a demand-side component.
The Role of Nrf2 and Inflammation on the Dissimilar Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin in Two-Time Points: a Cardio-Oncology In Vivo Study Through Time
Authors: Reis-Mendes Ana , Ferreira Mariana , Padrão Ana Isabel , Duarte José Alberto , Duarte-Araújo Margarida , Remião Fernando , Carvalho Félix , Sousa Emília , Bastos Maria Lourdes , Costa Vera Marisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor used in cancer therapy. Despite its efficacy, DOX causes serious adverse effects, such as short- and long-term cardiotoxicity. This work aimed to assess the short- and long-term cardiotoxicity of DOX and the role of inflammation and antioxidant defenses on that cardiotoxicity in a mice model. Adult CD-1 male mice received a cumulative dose of 9.0 mg/kg of DOX (2 biweekly intraperitoneal injections (ip), for 3 weeks). One week (1W) or 5 months (5M) after the last DOX administration, the heart was collected. One week after DOX, a significant increase in p62, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 2, glutathione peroxidase 1, catalase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) cardiac expression, and a trend towards an increase in interleukin (IL)-6, TNFR1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X (Bax) expression was observed. Moreover, DOX induced a decrease on nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) cardiac expression. In both 1W and 5M, DOX led to a high density of infiltrating M1 macrophages, but only the 1W-DOX group had a significantly higher number of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 immunopositive cells. As late effects (5M), an increase in Nrf2, myeloperoxidase, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, and a trend towards increased catalase expression were observed. Moreover, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and carbonylated proteins expression decreased, and a trend towards decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were seen. Our study demonstrated that DOX induces adverse outcome pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress, although activating different time-dependent response mechanisms.
Graphical Abstract
Wellbeing at home: a mediation analysis of residential satisfaction, comfort, and home attachment
Authors: Wegener Bernd A. , Schmidt Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the study of residential satisfaction in architectural design different physical comfort domains have received the most attention. But with this comfort-driven approach, residential satisfaction is reduced to a psychophysical relationship. Adding psychological substance to the design process, the paper argues that a distinction should be made between residential satisfaction and home attachment and that we need to consider home attachment as a mediator variable for comfort. The aim of the paper is to empirically assess whether the mediation, if it exists at all, is partial or complete. Distinguishing different forms of comfort, a set of alternative structural equation models are tested with data from a 14-nation population survey in Europe. The result of the model tests is that our wellbeing at home comes in two forms—satisfaction and attachment—and that there is partial as well as complete mediation of home attachment on satisfaction depending on the kind of comfort studied.
Evaluation of Prevention Programs for Grandparent Caregivers: a Systematic Review
Authors: Chan Athena Chung Yin , Piehler Timothy F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis systematic review critically evaluates 21 grandparent-focused prevention programs designed to benefit grandparent caregivers or target grandparent caregivers as agents of change for grandchild development. These grandparent programs were published in 35 peer-reviewed articles in the last 31 years. For each program, we described the phase of development of program (i.e., feasibility, pilot, and efficacy), delivery characteristics, and adaptations of existing evidence-based programs to meet the needs of grandparent caregivers in diverse sociocultural backgrounds. For programs tested under a controlled trial design, we evaluated core components and preliminary effects on targeted outcomes. Most studies targeted grandparents who served as primary or custodial caregivers in the USA, while limited studies targeted supplementary grandparent caregivers. Thirteen programs which were evaluated using pretest–posttest designs demonstrated feasibility and acceptability of the grandparent programs. Moreover, eight programs which were evaluated using randomized-controlled trials (RCTs; 5 pilot and 3 full-scale efficacy trials) demonstrated promising outcomes. Additionally, we identified six core components and 17 specific elements in eight programs evaluated using RCT designs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive critique of this body of literature as well as directions for future studies, including the need to develop programing tailored to grandparent caregivers with unique needs.