bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FETAL RESPONSE TO CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION*
Authors: Stewart K. S. , Philpott R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA group of African primigravidae undergoing trial of labour were studied along with a control group to assess the specific fetal responses to the possible excessive head compression encountered in cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). Depending on the outcome of labour, the patients were placed in one of three groups: major CPD, minor CPD and primary uterine dysfunction with no CPD. Particular attention was directed to the fetal heart pattern evoked and the degree of head moulding produced. In the pbresence of marked CPD, the fetus initially responded with early prolonged fetal heart rate decelerations. These continued and as labour progressed, the late decelerations and falling pH typical of hypoxia developed. The early prolonged dip was a steep deceleration which started early, had no time lag and returned to the base line rate late in relation to the end of the contraction. An objective scoring method described the amount of head moulding present. A score of 6 was considered to represent marked moulding. If the patient was still undelivered after a further two hours of strong contractions with no head descent, then it had become excessive. On its own account, excessive moulding should be regarded as a sign of fetal distress.
TESTS OF FETAL WELLBEING IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Hughes G. , Bischof P. , Wilson G. , Smith R. , Klopper A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFive different products secreted by the fetoplacental unit into the maternal circulation were measured in 272 patients when they were 34 weeks pregnant. The most useful indicator of present pathology or future complications of pregnancy was a placental protein, pregnancy associated plasma protein A which was raised in pre‐eclamptic toxaemia, antepartum haemorrhage and premature labour. The highest values were recorded in pre‐eclampsia before any signs of the disease were evident. Schwangerschafts protein 1 was also raised in pre‐eclampsia and antepartum haemorrhage but only after the disease had presented. Placental lactogen was also raised in pre‐eclampsia and its measurement may have some predictive value. Total oestriol was lowered in fetal growth retardation and the unconjugated steroid raised in pre‐eclampsia and lowered in retarded fetal growth.
THE USE OF 16–16 DIMETHYL TRANS Δ2 PGE1 METHYL ESTER (ONO 802) VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES FOR THE TERMINATION OF EARLY PREGNANCY. A OMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Smith S. K. , Baird D. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryVaginal suppositories containing the 16–16 dimethyl trans Δ2 PGE1 methyl ester (ONO 802) were used for the induction of abortion in early pregnancy, and this non‐surgical technique was compared with suction termination performed under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia. Ninety patients were recruited to the study and divided equally between the three groups. Complete abortion was induced in 87 per cent of the patients treated with ONO 802 suppositories, which compared favourably with 87 and 100 per cent for the patients who had suction terminations under local anaesthesia and general anaesthesia respectively. The vaginal suppositories induced uterine bleeding in all patients and the mean time of onset of lower abdominal pain was 2 hours 55 minutes. The average numbers of episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea for patients given ONO 802 suppositories were 0·9 and 0·7 respectively. Menstrual blood loss was measured objectively in all groups and no significant differences between the three methods could be found In selected cases, ONO 802 vaginal suppositories would seem to be safe and reasonably effective for the termination of early pregnancy.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND CROSS‐OVER STUDY OF PIPERAZINE OESTRONE SULPHATE AND PLACEBO WITH COAGULATION STUDIES
Authors: Poller L. , Thomson Jean M. , Coope Jean 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double‐blind trial of piperazine oestrone sulphate was performed over a period of 14 months on 55 menopausal women complaining of depression and hot flushes. Depression was not affected but the hot flushes were significantly lessened by the oestrogen treatment. After three months of piperazine oestrone sulphate there were no significant accelerations of prothrombin time or increases in factors VII or X but, after six months, there was an acceleration in the prothrombin time. After 14 months those who received piperazine oestrone sulphate for the first six months showed a significant increase in α1‐antitrypsin and factor VIIR:AG. Oestrone piperazine sulphate appears to produce less marked changes in coagulation than oestrogen‐containing oral contraceptives or conjugated equine oestrogens.
ESTABLISHING FULL‐TERM HUMAN PREGNANCIES USING CLEAVING EMBRYOS GROWN IN VITRO*
Authors: Edwards R. G. , Steptoe P. C. , Purdy J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe establishment of human pregnancies by the use of fertilization in vitro and placing cleaving embryos into the uterus is described. Preovulatory oocytes were aspirated at laparoscopy from the ovaries of patients soon after the beginning of the mid‐cycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) during the natural cycle. The LH surge was identified by assaying 3‐hourly samples of urine, and measurements of oestrogens in 24‐hour samples were used to assess follicular growth. The surge of LH was identified in 68 patients and it showed a diurnal rhythm. Preovulatory oocytes were aspirated from most of the patients. Fertilization and cleavage occurred in 34 instances, and 32 embryos were put into the mother via the cervical canal. Four patients became pregnant. There were indications that a diurnal rhythm played a role in establishing cleaving embryos, each of the four pregnancies occurring when the embryos were placed in late evening. Each of the pregnancies resulted from oocytes which were aspirated from their follicles 24 hours or longer after the LH surge began. Details are given of three abortive pregnancies in patients given gonadotrophins to stimulate the maturation of oocytes used for fertilization in vitro.
FETAL BLOOD VELOCITY WAVEFORMS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Stuart B. , Drumm J. , FitzGerald D. E. , Duignan N. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA combination of pulsed echo and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound was used to obtain blood flow velocity signals from the umbilical arteries of 18 normal patients from the 16th until the 40th week of pregnancy. Audio frequency analysis of these signals yielded fetal blood velocity waveforms. Analysis of these waveforms demonstrated that the placenta is an organ of low vascular resistance and that placental resistance to blood flow declines with advancing gestational age in normal pregnancy.
FACTOR VIII RELATED ANTIGEN/COAGULANT ACTIVITY RATIO AS A PREDICTOR OF FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: A COMPARISON WITH HORMONE AND URIC ACID MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Whigham Kathryn A. E. , Howie P. W. , Shah M. M. , Prentice C. R. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFactor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg), Factor VIII coagulant activity (VIIIC), plasma uric acid, total plasma oestriol, plasma human placental lactogen (hPL) and urine oestrogen/creatinine ratio were measured in a group of 21 patients clinically suspected of fetal growth retardation and compared with normal pregnancy. Of the hormone assays, hPL was better than either oestriol or oestrogen/creatinine ratio at distinguishing between normal and growth retarded pregnancies. Uric acid levels tended to be higher than normal in patients with fetal growth retardation, but the best means of distinguishing normal from growth retarded pregnancies proved to be the VIIIRAg/VIIIC ratio. This ratio was significantly elevated in fetal growth retardation compared with normal pregnancy, and the increase was evident as early as 30 weeks gestation. Using the VIIIRAg/VIIIC ratio test, the outcome of 17 of the 21 suspect pregnancies could be correctly predicted.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH A LIVE FETUS AND CESSATION OF FETAL MOVEMENTS
Authors: Homburg R. , Matzkel A. , Birger M. , Insler V. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySixty‐seven patients with a history of no fetal movements for at least 12 hours and a live fetus were managed according to a fixed protocol. Twelve of these patients were found to have meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and/or abnormal unstressed or oxytocin‐stressed cardiotocograms; all of them were delivered within 24 hours of a live infant. The remaining 55 patients had no meconium and normal unstressed and stressed cardiotocograms, and their pregnancy was allowed to continue. All felt fetal movements again and were delivered of live babies one to ten weeks later.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN PREMATURE INFANTS WHOSE MOTHERS HAD BEEN GIVEN DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY
Authors: Caspi E. , Schreyer P. , Reif R. , Goldberg M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in 259 premature infants whose 218 mothers had received antepartum dexamethasone therapy was 8·9 per cent. The main characteristics of those infants who developed RDS were a shorter gestational age and a lower Apgar score at delivery: all were delivered before 35 weeks gestation, and those with Apgar scores below 7 had a significantly higher incidence of RDS. The incidence of RDS in vaginal breech deliveries (15·4 per cent), Caesarean sections (14·6 per cent), and multiple births (16·0 per cent) was higher than in vaginal vertex deliveries (6·8 per cent), and in singletons (6·0 per cent). The use of isoxsuprine and the length of time membranes were ruptured before delivery were unrelated to the incidence of RDS. The results of this study suggest that while maternal glucocorticoid administration is an important ancillary to the prevention of RDS in premature infants it cannot substitute for optimal delivery conditions.
RAISED MATERNAL SERUM AND AMNIOTIC FLUID ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH A PLACENTAL HAEMANGIOMA CASE REPORT
Authors: Schnittger A. , Liedgren S. , Rådberg C. , Johansson S. G. O. , Kjessler B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe report a patient who had raised serum and amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein levels at 16 weeks gestation. Ultrasonography revealed an apparently normal fetus and amniography displayed a soft tissue tumor in front of the fetus. The tumor turned out to be a placental haemangioma, when an apparently healthy girl weighing 2·88 kg was born at term.
BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA OF THE VULVA CASE REPORT
Authors: Egwuatu V. E. , Ejeckam G. C. , Okaro J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 13‐year‐old Nigerian girl with Burkitt‐type metastatic malignant lymphoma of the vulva is presented. Diagnosis and treatment are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
ORAL CONTRACEPTION AND CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Kasan Pravin N. , Andrews Joan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOf 10 479 single births in South Glamorgan between January 1974 and June 1976, 27·3 per cent of infants were born to women who had used oral contraception in the three months prior to their last menstrual period (users) and 72·3 per cent were born to women who had not used oral contraception during the same period (non users). There were significantly more infants with neural tube defects among users compared with non users. Abnormalities of the digestive, genito‐urinary and cardiovascular systems, bones, muscle, skin and connective tissues, endocrine glands, blood, chromosomes and oral clefts, were of similar incidence in the two groups.
ANTEPARTUM FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING IN MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
Authors: Bailey Dorothy , Flynn Anna M. , Kelly J. , O'Conor Maria 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe assessment of fetal wellbeing in patients with multiple pregnancy by non‐stressed antepartum cardiotocography is technically feasible and of clinical value. In 50 patients (101 babies) who were monitored during the antepartum period, there were five patients in whom one of a pair of twins showed a non‐reactive cardiotogram. Four of these babies died (two intrauterine deaths and two neonatal deaths). All of these five babies were growth retarded at birth. The cardiotocograms from the other 96 fetuses were ‘reactive’ and these babies were normal. Cardiotocography seems to be a better predictor of perinatal mortality and morbidity than serial urinary oestrogens or serial biparietal diameter measurements in multiple pregnancy.
BIRTH WEIGHT OF INFANTS WITH SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA
Authors: Wald N. J. , Cuckle H. S. , Boreham Jillian , Althouse R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe mean birth weight of 189 singleton infants with spina bifida cystica (including 21 with encephalocele) was statistically significantly less than the mean birth weight of 3816 singleton infants without neural tube defects, 0·20 kg less among male infants and 0·24 kg less among female infants. Most, if not all, of this difference in birth weight was due to the spina bifida infants being light for their gestational age. The difference could not be explained by differences in parity or social class.
PLASMA VOLUME CHANGES IN PREGNANCY IN INDIAN AND EUROPEAN PRIMIGRAVIDAS
Authors: Hutchins C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial measurements of plasma volume were made in 60 normal healthy primigravidae, 30 of European and 30 of Indian origin, matched for age. Recordings were made at 16, 22, 28, 34 and 38 weeks gestation using the Evan's blue dye dilution technique with the women lying on their sides. A progressive increase in volume was demonstrated to a plateau between 34 and 38 weeks. The plasma volume of the European group was significantly higher at all stages. There was a significant difference in body size between the groups, and European infants had a higher mean birth weight. When plasma volume was expressed in terms of body weight, both groups gave identical results throughout pregnancy. It is unlikely that there is a constant physiological difference between the two groups that might account for differing obstetric performance.
URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTRIOL AND PLASMA LEVELS OF UNCONJUGATED AND TOTAL OESTRIOL DURING LATE UNCOMPLICATED PREGNANCY
Authors: Carlström K. , Llndberg B. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma levels of unconjugated and total oestriol and urinary excretion of oestriol were measured in ten healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy and with normal renal function. A significant correlation between plasma total oestriol and urinary oestriol was found in five out of ten patients and between plasma total and unconjugated oestriol in only four out of ten patients. When the data from the ten patients were combined there were significant correlations between urinary oestriol and the two plasma oestriol species as well as between plasma unconjugated and total oestriol. The mean urinary oestriol excretion correlated significantly with the mean urine volume. No significant correlation was found in the individual subjects between oestriol clearance and creatinine clearance, but the combined data from the ten patients yielded a highly significant correlation. The differences within or between days was highest for plasma unconjugated oestriol and lowest for urinary oestriol/mmol of creatinine. Over a three to four day period, a drop of 20 per cent in urinary oestriol/mmol of creatinine, 25 per cent in urinary oestriol/24 hours, 35 per cent in plasma total oestriol and 40 per cent in plasma unconjugated oestriol do not necessarily indicate fetal danger.
CURE OF POSTPARTUM HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA GALACTORRHOEA‐AMENORRHOEA BY REMOVAL OF BENIGN OVARIAN TERATOMA
Authors: Wahba M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo multiparous patients were cured of hyperprolactinaemia with galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea by surgical removal of a benign ovarian teratoma. No unusual endocrine tissue was found in the wall of the ovarian tumours.
SERIAL CHANGES IN RENAL HAEMODYNAMICS DURING NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Dunlop W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEffective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined at constant intervals during and after the normal pregnancies in 25 healthy women. Compared with non‐pregnant values, ERPF increased by 80 per cent during early pregnancy but fell significantly from this new level during the third trimester. GFR, however, remained at a level 50 per cent above the non‐pregnant throughout pregnancy. Filtration fraction (GFR/ERPF) was significantly reduced during early pregnancy but rose to a value equivalent to the non‐pregnant during the third trimester. Comparable data of previous workers are re‐interpreted.
SERIAL CHANGES IN 24 HOUR CREATININE CLEARANCE DURING NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES AND THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Davison J. M. , Noble M. C. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial changes in 24‐hour creatinine clearance were determined in 11 women during several menstrual cycles before conception, the conceptional cycle and the first trimester of pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle, a 20 per cent mean increase occurred between the week of menstruation and the late luteal phase. Following conception, this increase continued such that a 45 per cent mean increase was evident by the ninth week of gestation. In two women who aborted spontaneously, the change in 24‐hour creatinine clearance in early pregnancy was not as great nor as sustained, this feature being apparent at least three weeks before any clinical abnormality. Possible reasons for the changes in glomerular filtration rate in early pregnancy and its clinical implications are discussed.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE VITAMIN D STATE OF PREGNANT ASIAN WOMEN IN LONDON
Authors: Brooke O.G. , Brown I. R. F. , Cleeve H. J. W. , Sood Anita 
Published: August 2005

SummaryVitamin D nutrition in pregnancy was investigated in 115 Asian women living in London, and in 50 of their newborn infants. Mean serum 25‐hydroxy cholecalciferal (25‐OHD) concentration at the beginning of the last trimester was 20.2 nmol/1, and fell to 16.0 nmol/1 post partum. Thirty‐six per cent of the women post partum and 32 per cent of the infants had undetectable 25‐OHD concentrations (<3 nmol/1). Such low values are commonly associated with osteomalacia and rickets. The bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 20 per cent of the women post partum, and in 50 per cent of the infants, indicating the presence of sub‐clinical bone disease. Five infants had symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Vitamin D deficiency was most likely to occur in Pakistanis, Hindu Indians and East African Asians, and in vegetarians. All British Asians should receive supplementary Vitamin D during pregnancy.
THE EFFECT OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX ON THE L‐LACTATE‐NICOTINAMIDE‐ADENINEDINUCLEOTIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN VAGINAL ASPIRATES
Authors: Emes A. V. , Latner A. L. , Guthrie D. , Philips P. R. , Way S. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLactate dehydrogenase (L‐lactate‐NAD+ oxidoreductase; EC 1. 1. 1. 27) has been assayed in saline extracts of vaginal aspirates obtained from patients with carcinoma in situ and from patients with clinically detectable invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Taking premenopausal and postmenopausal patients separately, significant differences were found between the aspirate lactate dehydrogenase activities obtained from patients with carcinoma in situ and the activities obtained from patients with invasive carcinoma; generally higher activities were obtained from the latter. With the exception of postmenopausal patients with carcinoma in situ, aspirate enzyme activities obtained from both groups of patients were significantly different from those obtained from normal women. Significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase activity was found in aspirates from patients for whom histology showed the presence of an adenocarcinoma or certain highly malignant cell types. Treatment by radium insertion usually resulted in a fall in total lactate dehydrogenase activity. Significant differences between patient groups were found for the proportions of single lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in a few instances but no significant difference in overall isoenzyme distribution was found.
DETECTION OF URINARY INCONTINENCE
Authors: Robinson Heather , Stanton S. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty patients complaining of stress incontinence were investigated by clinical examination, videocystourethrography and Urilos device. The latter was the most effective method of confirming the history. Standing and lying made no difference to detection of incontinence on clinical examination. A scheme for use of these investigations was proposed.
PREDICTION OF SMALL‐FOR‐DATES INFANTS BY MEASUREMENT OF SYMPHYSIAL‐FUNDAL‐HEIGHT
Authors: Quaranta P. , Currell R. , Redman C. W. G. , Robinson J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA standard chart of symphysial‐fundal height from 20 to 40 weeks of pregnancy was derived from measurements in 103 women who were delivered of infants weighing between the 25th and 90th centile for gestation. The chart was used to predict birth weight in a group of 138 high‐risk patients. Thirty (73.1 per cent) of 41 infants with birth weight for gestation less than 10th centile could be detected by this one clinical measurement. A single measurement was most accurate for detecting low birth weight for gestation at 32 to 33 weeks. It is suggested that symphysial‐fundal height measurements should be made routinely on all antenatal patients and that each obstetric unit should derive its own standard curves.
PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF CEFUROXIME
Authors: Craft I. , Mullinger Brenda M. , Kennedy Margaret R. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe transfer of cefuroxime across the placenta was studied in 10 women in labour and 12 women being delivered by Caesarean section. Following a single intramuscular injection of 750 mg cefuroxime, high antibiotic concentrations were found in the amniotic fluid in women in labour; the peak concentration of 18 mg/1 was achieved after five hours. Therapeutic concentrations of cefuroxime were present in umbilical vein serum for up to eight hours after injection. A similar pharmacokinetic picture was observed in the women undergoing Caesarean section although in the limited time interval (up to four hours) between injection and delivery the amniotic fluid levels of cefuroxime achieved were lower. Cefuroxime appears to cross the placenta well to produce effective concentrations in fetal blood and amniotic fluid.
CEFUROXIME: POTENTIAL USE IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT TERM
Authors: Bousfield P. , Browning A. K. , Mullinger Brenda M. , Elstein M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe placental transfer of cefuroxime was studied in 20 women after one or more 1.5 g intravenous injections. Ten women had labour induced at term and ten were delivered by elective Caesarean section. High concentrations of cefuroxime were found in the cord blood and amniotic fluid and therapeutically active antibiotic levels were found in the infants for up to six hours after delivery.
A COMPARISON OF SERUM OESTROGEN LEVELS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS AND ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRADIOL‐17β
Authors: Lyrenäs S. , Carlström K. , Bäckström T. , von Schoultz Bo 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEquivalent doses of oestradiol‐17β were given orally and percutaneously to eight post‐menopausal women and three men. The resultant serum levels of unconjugated immunoreactive oestrogens and total oestrone were followed during 48 hours after hormone administration. A single percutaneous dose of 4 mg oestradiol‐17β resulted in increased serum levels of oestradiol‐17β in all individuals. Compared to oral administration the increase in serum oestrogen levels was quite slow and they were maintained for 48 hours. In contrast to the rapid and very marked increase in serum total oestrone following oral administration of oestradiol‐17β, only a moderate increase was obtained after percutaneous administration and there was a tendency to a biphasic pattern. Topical administration of oestradiol‐17β might have physiological advantages as the steroid will reach the peripheral circulation without passing the entero‐hepatic circulation.