bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleos(t)ide analogs for hepatitis B virus infection differentially regulate the growth factor signaling in hepatocytes
Authors: Shimizu Ryogo , Murai Kazuhisa , Tanaka Kensuke , Sato Yuga , Takeda Naho , Nakasyo Saki , Shirasaki Takayoshi , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Shimakami Tetsuro , Nio Kouki , Nakaya Yuki , Kagiwada Harumi , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Mizokami Masashi , Kaneko Shuichi , Murata Kazumoto , Yamashita Taro , Honda Masao 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Recent clinical studies have suggested that the risk of developing HCC might be lower in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate than in patients receiving entecavir, although there is no difference in biochemical and virological remission between the 2 drugs.

Methods:
The effects of nucleoside analogs (NsAs; lamivudine and entecavir) or nucleotide analogs (NtAs; adefovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide) on cell growth and the expression of growth signaling molecules in hepatoma cell lines and PXB cells were investigated in vitro. The tumor inhibitory effects of NsAs or NtAs were evaluated using a mouse xenograft model, and protein phosphorylation profiles were investigated. The binding of NsAs or NtAs to the insulin receptor (INSR) was investigated by thermal shift assays.

Results:
NtAs, but not NsAs, showed direct growth inhibitory effects on hepatoma cell lines in vitro and a mouse model in vivo. A phosphoprotein array revealed that INSR signaling was impaired and the levels of phosphorylated (p)-INSRβ and downstream molecules phosphorylated (p)-IRS1, p-AKT, p-Gab1, and p-SHP2 were substantially reduced by NtAs. In addition, p-epidermal growth factor receptor and p-AKT levels were substantially reduced by NtAs. Similar findings were also found in PXB cells and nontumor lesions of liver tissues from patients with chronic hepatitis B. Prodrug NtAs, but not their metabolites (adefovir, adefovir monophosphate, adefovir diphosphate, tenofovir, tenofovir monophosphate, and tenofovir diphosphate), had such effects. A thermal shift assay showed the binding of NtAs to INSRβ.

Conclusions:
NtAs (adefovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide), which are adenine derivative acyclic nucleotide analogs, potentially bind to the ATP-binding site of growth factor receptors and inhibit their autophosphorylation, which might reduce the risk of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
On the Classification and Reporting of Prolonged Grief: Assessment and Research Guidelines
Authors: Stroebe Margaret S. , Schut Henk A. W. , Eisma Maarten C. 
Published: January 2024

Learning Objectives: After participating in this CME activity, the psychiatrist should be better able to
• Explain the steps required for diagnosis of mental disorders in diagnostic handbooks.
• Identify current procedures for classifying and reporting prolonged grief disorder.

Abstract
Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) was added to the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases in 2018 and to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in its 2022 text revision. Thus, reporting and classifying PGD according to established guidelines has become fundamental for scientific research and clinical practice. Yet, PGD assessment instruments and criteria are still being developed and debated. The purpose of this article is to examine the adequacy of current procedures for classifying and reporting PGD in research and to suggest guidelines for future investigation and dissemination of knowledge. We outline the standard steps required for diagnosis and assessment of a mental disorder (notably, the administration of clinical interviews). In order to illustrate reporting about the presence/prevalence of PGD in recent scientific articles, we conducted a search of Scopus that identified 22 relevant articles published between 2019 and 2023. Our review of the literature shows that standard classification procedures are not (yet) followed. Prevalences of PGD are based on self-reported symptomatology, with rates derived from percentages of bereaved persons reaching a certain cutoff score on a questionnaire, without clinical interviewing. This likely results in systematic overestimation of prevalences. Nevertheless, the actual establishment of PGD prevalence was often stated in titles, abstracts, and results sections of articles. Further, the need for structured clinical interviews for diagnostic classification was frequently mentioned only among limitations in discussion sections—but was not highlighted. We conclude by providing guidelines for researching and reporting self-reported prolonged grief symptoms and the presence/prevalence of PGD.
Laser Flare Photometry in Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: an Evaluation of 2487 Cases
Authors: Gietzelt Caroline , Hoerster Robert , Schiller Petra , Hermann Saskia , Kraus Daria , Holz Frank G. , Guthoff Rainer , Agostini Hansjürgen , Spitzer Martin S. , Wiedemann Peter , Lommatzsch Albrecht , Boden Karl T. , Bartz-Schmidt Ulrich , Bemme Sebastian , Tamm Svenja , Maier Mathias , Roider Johann , Kirchhof Bernd , Fauser Sascha , Schaub Friederike ,   for the PRIVENT Study Group
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Exploratory analysis associated with the prospective, multicenter, randomized PRIVENT trial. To characterize the associations between laser flare photometry and anatomical and epidemiological features of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods:
We measured laser flare values of all 3048 pre-screened patients excluding those with comorbidities. A mixed regression analysis evaluated the strength of the influencing factors age, sex, lens status, presence and extent of RRD on laser flare.

Results:
RRD was more frequent in men (65.8%) than in women (34.2%, p<0.001) and in right (52%) than in left eyes (48%, p=0.045). Phakic RRD affected less quadrants and was less likely to be associated with macula off status than pseudophakic RRD (48.4% vs 58.0% macula off, 23% vs 31% ≥3 quadrants, p<0.001). Laser flare of affected eyes was significantly higher compared to fellow eyes (12.6 ± 15.2pc/ms vs. 8.3 ± 7.4pc/ms, p<0.001). The factors age, sex, lens status, presence of RRD and the number of quadrants affected were independent influencing factors on laser flare. R2 was 0.145 for phakic and 0.094 for pseudophakic eyes.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that there may be more factors affecting laser flare than previously assumed. This might limit flare as predictive value for PVR and retinal re-detachment.
Corneal Tomography in a Commercially Available Optical Coherence Tomography Device and Comparison With a Rotating Scheimpflug Camera
Authors: Kanclerz Piotr , Radomski Szymon Adam 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To compare the outcomes of corneal tomography obtained with an anterior-to-posterior segment optical coherence tomography device (Revo, Optopol Technologies Sp. z o.o.) and a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam AXL, Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany).

Methods:
In healthy subjects, agreement in stereometric parameters commonly used in cataract and refractive surgery was assessed. Comparison between the devices was performed using correlation coefficients, the Bland–Altman method, and a paired t test.

Results:
Results of right eyes of 78 patients (47 women) aged 25.24±5.56 years were analyzed. The flat and steep anterior keratometry values were significantly higher for Revo than Pentacam (43.65±1.58 D vs. 42.99±1.47 D; P = 0.000, and 44.53±1.57 D vs. 43.82±1.49 D; P=0.000, respectively) and showed excellent correlation (r=0.978 and 0.974, respectively). The results for maximal keratometry manifested a higher difference (45.89±1.69 D vs. 44.27±1.51 D for Revo and Pentacam, P=0.000) but were also strongly correlated (r=0.871). Revo showed significantly lower corneal thickness values than Pentacam, both for apex pachymetry (535.54±32.45 vs. 550.74±31.55 μm; P=0.000) and for thinnest pachymetry (522.58±32.16 vs. 547.25±31.95 μm; P=0.000). The correlation coefficients for anterior and posterior corneal elevation at the thinnest point showed weak positive correlation (r=0.179 and 0.185), while the correlation for corneal asphericity was moderate (r=0.317).

Conclusions:
There was a significant difference between keratometric values obtained with Revo and the Pentacam AXL, although the measurements showed excellent correlation. Similar results were found for corneal thickness measurements, but not for corneal surface elevation and corneal asphericity.
Methods and Assumptions for Estimating Key HIV Indicators in the UNAIDS Annual Estimates Process
Authors: Stover John , Glaubius Robert 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Each year UNAIDS supports national teams to estimate key HIV indicators using their latest data. These estimates are produced using a collection of models and software tools. This paper describes the demographic and HIV projection models used in this process.

Methods:
The demographic model (DemProj) projects the population by sex and single age for each year of the estimate. This information is fed into the HIV model (AIDS Impact Model) to estimate key HIV indicators. The model uses program, survey and surveillance data along with incidence trends produced through 1 of several separate models, to estimate new HIV infections, HIV-related deaths, and the population living with HIV by sex, age, CD4 category, and treatment status.

Results:
These models allow the annual production of estimates of key HIV indicators including uncertainty intervals. This information is used to track progress toward national and global goals and to develop national strategic plans, Global Fund applications and PEPFAR country operational plans.

Conclusions:
Under the guidance of the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modeling and Projections, these models are updated on a regular basis in response to evolving programmatic needs, new data, and analyses. This process of continuous review and improvement has led to mature models that make the best use of available data to provide estimates of indicators important to monitoring progress and developing future plans.
Comparison of Empirically Derived and Model-Based Estimates of Key Population HIV Incidence and the Distribution of New Infections by Population Group in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Stevens Oliver , Anderson Rebecca , Stover John , Teng Yu , Stannah James , Silhol Romain , Jones Harriet , Booton Ross D. , Martin-Hughes Rowan , Johnson Leigh , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Mishra Sharmistha , Stone Jack , Bershteyn Anna , Kim Hae-Young , Sabin Keith , Mitchell Kate M. , Dimitrov Dobromir , Baral Stefan , Donnell Deborah , Korenromp Eline , Rice Brian , Hargreaves James R. , Vickerman Peter , Boily Marie-Claude , Imai-Eaton Jeffrey W. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The distribution of new HIV infections among key populations, including female sex workers (FSWs), gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who inject drugs (PWID) are essential information to guide an HIV response, but data are limited in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We analyzed empirically derived and mathematical model-based estimates of HIV incidence among key populations and compared with the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates.

Methods:
We estimated HIV incidence among FSW and MSM in SSA by combining meta-analyses of empirical key population HIV incidence relative to the total population incidence with key population size estimates (KPSE) and HIV prevalence. Dynamic HIV transmission model estimates of HIV incidence and percentage of new infections among key populations were extracted from 94 country applications of 9 mathematical models. We compared these with UNAIDS-reported distribution of new infections, implied key population HIV incidence and incidence-to-prevalence ratios.

Results:
Across SSA, empirical FSW HIV incidence was 8.6-fold (95% confidence interval: 5.7 to 12.9) higher than total population female 15–39 year incidence, and MSM HIV incidence was 41.8-fold (95% confidence interval: 21.9 to 79.6) male 15–29 year incidence. Combined with KPSE, these implied 12% of new HIV infections in 2021 were among FSW and MSM (5% and 7% respectively). In sensitivity analysis varying KPSE proportions within 95% uncertainty range, the proportion of new infections among FSW and MSM was between 9% and 19%. Insufficient data were available to estimate PWID incidence rate ratios. Across 94 models, median proportion of new infections among FSW, MSM, and PWID was 6.4% (interquartile range 3.2%–11.7%), both much lower than the 25% reported by UNAIDS.

Conclusion:
Empirically derived and model-based estimates of HIV incidence confirm dramatically higher HIV risk among key populations in SSA. Estimated proportions of new infections among key populations in 2021 were sensitive to population size assumptions and were substantially lower than estimates reported by UNAIDS.
Temporal Trends and Determinants of HIV Testing at Antenatal Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Pooled Analysis of Population-Based Surveys (2005–2021)
Authors: Allorant Adrien , Muset Paul , Hodgins Caroline , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati , Namachapa Khumbo , Mbofana Francisco , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Johnson Leigh F. , Imai-Eaton Jeffrey W. , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu 
Published: January 2024

Background:
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), integrating HIV testing into antenatal care (ANC) has been crucial toward reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. With the introduction of new testing modalities, we explored temporal trends in HIV testing within and outside of ANC and identified sociodemographic determinants of testing during ANC.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 139 nationally representative household surveys conducted between 2005 and 2021, including more than 2.2 million women aged 15–49 years in 41 SSA countries. We extracted data on women's recent HIV testing history (<24 months), by modality (ie, at ANC versus outside of ANC) and sociodemographic variables (ie, age, socioeconomic status, education level, number of births, urban/rural). We used Bayesian generalized linear mixed models to estimate HIV testing coverage and the proportion of those that tested as part of ANC.

Results:
HIV testing coverage (<24 months) increased substantially between 2005 and 2021 from 8% to 38%, with significant variations between countries and subregions. Two percent of women received an HIV test in the 24 months preceding the survey interview as part of ANC in 2005 and 11% in 2021. Among women who received an HIV test in the 24 months preceding the survey, the probability of testing at ANC was significantly greater for multiparous, adolescent girls, rural women, women in the poorest wealth quintile, and women in West and Central Africa.

Conclusion:
ANC testing remains an important component to achieving high levels of HIV testing coverage and benefits otherwise underserved women, which could prove instrumental to progress toward universal knowledge of HIV status in SSA.
Cytomegalovirus IgG is Associated With Physical Function But Not Muscle Density in People With HIV
Authors: Abidi Maheen Z. , Umbleja Triin , Overton Edgar T. , Burdo Tricia , Flynn Jacqueline M. , Lu Michael T. , Taron Jana , Schnittman Samuel R. , Fitch Kathleen V. , Zanni Markella V. , Fichtenbaum Carl J. , Malvestutto Carlos , Aberg Judith A. , Fulda Evelynne S. , Eckard Allison Ross , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Tuan Jessica J. , Ribaudo Heather J. , Douglas Pamela S. , Grinspoon Steven K. , Brown Todd T. , Erlandson Kristine M. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with poor outcomes, including physical function impairment, in people without HIV. We examined associations between CMV IgG titer and physical function in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH).

Methods:
REPRIEVE is a double-blind randomized trial evaluating pitavastatin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in PWH. This analysis focused on participants enrolled in a substudy with additional biomarker testing, imaging [coronary CT angiography], and physical function measures at entry. CMV IgG was measured using quantitative enzyme immunoassay, physical function by Short Physical Performance Battery, and muscle density and area by CT. Associations between CMV IgG (risk factor) and outcomes were evaluated using the partial Spearman correlation and linear and log-binomial regression.

Results:
Among 717 participants, 82% male, the median CMV IgG was 2716 (Q1, Q3: 807, 6672) IU/mL, all above the limit of quantification. Among 631 participants with imaging, there was no association between CMV IgG and CT-based muscle density or area, controlling for age (r = −0.03 and r = −0.01, respectively; P ≥ 0.38). Among 161 participants with physical function data, higher CMV IgG was associated with poorer overall modified Short Physical Performance Battery score (P = 0.02), adjusted for age, nadir CD4, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Conclusions:
Higher CMV IgG titer was associated with poorer physical function, not explained by previous immune compromise, inflammation, or muscle density or area. Further mechanistic studies are needed to understand this association and whether CMV-specific therapy can affect physical function in PWH.
Association of Androgen Hormones, Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin, and the Menopausal Transition With Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Women With and Without HIV
Authors: Abelman Rebecca A. , Schneider Michael F. , Cox Christopher , Messerlian Geralyn , Cohen Mardge , Gustafson Deborah , Plankey Michael , Sharma Anjali , Price Jennifer , Grunfeld Carl , Tien Phyllis C. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
HIV is associated with alterations in androgen hormone levels and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) in women. Higher SHBG has been associated with a lower risk of diabetes in the general population, but the contribution of HIV, androgen hormones, SHBG, and menopausal phase to diabetes is unclear.

Methods:
From April 2003 through February 2020, 896 women with HIV (WWH) and 343 women without HIV (WWOH) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study with morning total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and SHBG levels were followed to assess for incident diabetes. Parametric regression models were used with age as the time scale and relative times (RT) as the measure of association of hormone level and menopausal phase with incident diabetes. Analyses incorporated time-dependent androgen hormone, SHBG levels, and menopausal phase and were adjusted for race/ethnicity, enrollment year, smoking status, BMI, hepatitis C virus status, and HIV-related factors.

Results:
In total, 128 (14%) WWH and 47 (14%) WWOH developed diabetes. In WWH, a doubling of SHBG and DHEAS were associated with a 7% (RT = 1.07 [95% CI: 0.82 to 1.40] and 15% (RT = 1.15 [95% CI: 0.95 to 1.39]) longer time to diabetes, respectively; in WWOH, a doubling of SHBG and DHEAS were associated with 84% (RT = 1.84 [95% CI: 0.89 to 3.82]) and 41% (RT= 1.41 [95% CI: 0.82 to 2.44]) longer times to diabetes. Total testosterone was not associated. In WWH, later menopausal phase was associated with shorter times to diabetes.

Conclusions:
Despite alterations in androgen hormone and SHBG levels in HIV, regardless of HIV status, higher SHBG and DHEAS were associated with nonstatistically significant slower progression to diabetes. The menopausal transition may be a better hormonal indicator of diabetes risk in WWH.
Predicting Lost to Follow-Up Status Using an Adolescent HIV Psychosocial Attrition Risk Assessment Tool: Results From a Mixed Methods Prospective Cohort Study in Uganda
Authors: Medina-Jaudes Naomi , Adoa Dennis , Williams Amanda , Amulen Catherine , Carmone Andy , Dowling Stephanie , Joseph Jessica , Katureebe Cordelia , Nabitaka Vennie , Musoke Andrew , Namusoke Magongo Eleanor , Nabwire Chimulwa Teddy 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Low retention in care for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) has been a key driver of suboptimal viral load suppression rates in Uganda. The objective of this study was to develop a psychosocial risk assessment tool and evaluate its ability to predict the risk of attrition of ALHIV between the ages 15 and 19 years.

Setting:
The study was conducted in 20 facilities in Central and Western Uganda from August 2021 through July 2022.

Methods:
A mixed methods prospective cohort study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the Adolescent Psychosocial Attrition Risk Assessment tool was developed and revised using feedback from focus group discussions and interviews. In the second phase, the ability of the Adolescent Psychosocial Attrition Risk Assessment tool to predict attrition among ALHIV was evaluated using diagnostic accuracy tests.

Results:
A total of 597 adolescents between the ages 15 and 19 years were enrolled, of which 6% were lost to follow-up at the end of the study period. A 20-question tool was developed, with 12 questions being responded to affirmatively by >50% of all participants. Using a cut-off score of 6 or more affirmative answers translated to an area under the curve of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.49 to 0.66), sensitivity of 55% (95% CI: 36% to 72%), and specificity of 61% (95% CI: 56% to 65%).

Conclusion:
Although the Adolescent Psychosocial Attrition Risk Assessment tool was not effective at predicting lost to follow-up status among ALHIV, the tool was useful for identifying psychosocial issues experienced by ALHIV and may be appropriate to administer during routine care visits to guide action.
Current treatment options for pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Franzone John P. , Mackow Natalie A. , van Duin David 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the challenges associated with the treatment of pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), discuss its carbapenem-resistance, and review the literature supporting the current treatment paradigm and therapeutic options.

Recent findings
In a multicenter, randomized, and controlled trial the novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam-durlobactam was compared to colistin, both in addition to imipenem-cilastatin. The drug met the prespecified criteria for noninferiority for 28-day all-cause mortality while demonstrating higher clinical cure rates in the treatment of CRAB pneumonia. In an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial colistin monotherapy was compared to colistin combined with meropenem. In this trial, combination therapy was not superior to monotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant gram-negative organisms including CRAB pneumonia.

Summary
CRAB pneumonia is a preeminent public health threat without an agreed upon first line treatment strategy. Historically, there have been drawbacks to available treatment modalities without a clear consensus on the first-line treatment regimen. CRAB pneumonia is a top priority for the continued development of antimicrobials, adjuvant therapies and refinement of current treatment strategies.