bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warn-on-Forecast System: From Vision to Reality
Authors: Heinselman Pamela L. , Burke Patrick C. , Wicker Louis J. , Clark Adam J. , Kain John S. , Gao Jidong , Yussouf Nusrat , Jones Thomas A. , Skinner Patrick S. , Potvin Corey K. , Wilson Katie A. , Gallo Burkely T. , Flora Montgomery L. , Martin Joshua , Creager Gerry , Knopfmeier Kent H. , Wang Yunheng , Matilla Brian C. , Dowell David C. , Mansell Edward R. , Roberts Brett , Hoogewind Kimberly A. , Stratman Derek R. , Guerra Jorge , Reinhart Anthony E. , Kerr Christopher A. , Miller William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2009, advancements in NWP and computing power inspired a vision to advance hazardous weather warnings from a warn-on-detection to a warn-on-forecast paradigm. This vision would require not only the prediction of individual thunderstorms and their attributes but the likelihood of their occurrence in time and space. During the last decade, the warn-on-forecast research team at the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory met this challenge through the research and development of 1) an ensemble of high-resolution convection-allowing models; 2) ensemble- and variational-based assimilation of weather radar, satellite, and conventional observations; and 3) unique postprocessing and verification techniques, culminating in the experimental Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS). Since 2017, we have directly engaged users in the testing, evaluation, and visualization of this system to ensure that WoFS guidance is usable and useful to operational forecasters at NOAA national centers and local offices responsible for forecasting severe weather, tornadoes, and flash floods across the watch-to-warning continuum. Although an experimental WoFS is now a reality, we close by discussing many of the exciting opportunities remaining, including folding this system into the Unified Forecast System, transitioning WoFS into NWS operations, and pursuing next-decade science goals for further advancing storm-scale prediction.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this research is to develop an experimental prediction system that forecasts the probability for severe weather hazards associated with individual thunderstorms up to 6 h in advance. This capability is important because some people and organizations, like those living in mobile homes, caring for patients in hospitals, or managing large outdoor events, require extended lead time to protect themselves and others from potential severe weather hazards. Our results demonstrate a prediction system that enables forecasters, for the first time, to message probabilistic hazard information associated with individual severe storms between the watch-to-warning time frame within the United States.
Adolescent Trauma Patients With Isolated Head Trauma and Glasgow Coma Scale 6-8: Routine Intubation?
Authors: Park Flora S. , Nahmias Jeffry , Schubl Sebastian , Swentek Lourdes , Guner Yigit , Goodman Laura F. , Emigh Brent , Grigorian Areg 
Published: November 2023

Background Recent evidence suggests that routine intubation upon arrival for adults with isolated head trauma and a depressed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Whether these outcomes are similar within an adolescent trauma population has not been previously investigated. We hypothesized intubation upon arrival for adolescent trauma patients with isolated head trauma to be associated with a higher risk of death and prolonged length of stay (LOS). Methods The 2017-2019 TQIP was queried for adolescents (age 12-16) presenting after isolated blunt head trauma (abbreviated injury scale [AIS] <1 spine/chest/abdomen/upper-extremity/lower-extremity) and GCS 6-8 on arrival. Transferred patients, dead-on-arrival, and those undergoing emergent operation from the emergency department were excluded. Patients intubated within one-hour were compared to patients not intubated within one-hour. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, sex, GCS, and AIS-grade for the head. Results From 141 patients, 73 (51.8%) were intubated upon arrival. Intubated patients had a low complication rate (5.6%). Intubated and non-intubated patients had a similar rate and mortality risk (6.8% vs 1.5%, P = .11) (OR 1.84, CI .08-43.69, P = .71) and median length of stay (LOS) (2 days vs 2 days, P = .13). Discussion Unlike adult patients, adolescents with isolated head trauma and a depressed GCS have similar outcomes if they are intubated upon arrival. Utilizing initial GCS score to determine which adolescent trauma patients with isolated head trauma should be intubated appears to be a safe practice.
Performance Evaluation of Urban Emergency Governance: Conceptual Connotations and Empirical Research Based on the Crisis Life Cycle Theory
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Jiaxing 
Published: November 2023

Although scholars have discussed in depth about the evaluation content and the construction of evaluation index system of emergency management and crisis management, a unified and standardized interpretation of system construction concepts and empirical research on the performance evaluation of urban emergency management is still lacking. In view of this, this paper is based on the theory of the crisis life cycle, with the four phases of urban emergency management and the content of the task as a clue, constructed a performance evaluation index system containing 12 primary indicators and 44 secondary indicators, and centered on the emergency management work situation of S city. The study reveals that emergency management underperforms in S city, with a score of 5.948, qualifying as the “defined level”. The “prevention and preparedness stage” receives poor evaluation, indicating a significant bias for crisis response instead of prevention. The report suggests the improvement of emergency material stockpile planning, the formation of grassroots emergency response teams, the emergency management publicity, and special emergency drill plans, etc., with a view to providing reference for city managers to comprehensively review and evaluate the emergency management system, and to promote the construction of a more systematic, complete and scientific urban emergency management system.
Process of Maintaining Self in Individuals Living With Systemic Sclerosis: A Grounded Theory Study of American Women
Authors: Miller Donald , Doering Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Background: People with chronic illnesses may struggle to adapt psychologically to the illness experience and have feelings of identity loss, self-diminishment, and biographical disruption. This may limit people’s ability to engage in optimal self-management. Systemic sclerosis is a debilitating, stigmatizing, and life-limiting progressive chronic illness with significant disfiguring effects. Little is known about the identity management process in people with disfiguring and debilitating conditions such as systemic sclerosis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to generate a grounded theory explicating the process of maintaining a sense of self in people living with systemic sclerosis. Methods: Fifteen women with systemic sclerosis were recruited to ensure representation of a range of illness duration and progression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using open, selective, and theoretical coding. Results: A basic social process of “maintaining self” was generated from the data that explained the women’s experience of living with systemic sclerosis and how they tried to hold on to their identity. Three core categories were identified. Adapting to changes are the behaviors that participants struggled through to carry on with their everyday lives. Dismantling of self was a distressing internal process where participants lost their sense of self and purpose. Restoring self was a transformative process that allowed participants to rewrite and rebuild their biographies. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the management of identity was important for understanding how people adapt to life with systemic sclerosis. This study can help nurses better understand how to support patients holistically with the management of systemic sclerosis.
The trends in venous thromboembolism occurrence and prevention after minimally invasive varicose vein surgery
Authors: Lobastov Kirill , Shaldina Maria , Matveeva Athena , Kovalchuk Anna , Borsuk Denis , Schastlivtsev Ilya , Laberko Leonid , Fokin Alexey 
Published: November 2023

Objectives To assess the trends of VTE occurrence and prevention in varicose vein surgery. Method The registry-based CAPSIVS trial (NCT03041805) analysis includes results in 1878 lower limbs. The primary outcome is a 28-day symptomatic or asymptomatic DVT revealed with duplex ultrasound. Results Any DVT, including EHIT, was observed in 3.4%, while symptomatic in 0.5%. Prophylactic anticoagulation was administrated in 20.4% with LMWH (13.2%) or DOAC (7.1%) for patients with higher VTE risk but did not reduce the events rate. With propensity score matching DOACs were superior to LMWHs (1.5% vs 9.8%). Duration of anticoagulation was essential: the lowest incidence (4.2%) was associated with prophylaxis for up to 7 days, while a single LMWH injection resulted in a DVT rate of 8.8%. With individual VTE history, any anticoagulation duration appeared insufficient. Conclusions Prophylactic anticoagulation after varicose vein surgery should be based on the individual VTE risk and provided for ≥7–30 days.
Multiplicity and ‘The International’ as Critique – A Forum
Authors: Rosenberg Justin , Wæver Ole , Morozov Viacheslav , Epstein Charlotte , Walker R.B.J. , Tickner Arlene B , Kurki Milja 
Published: November 2023

This forum reconsiders the standing of ‘the international’ in relation to ‘critique’. Is this relation best understood in ways reminiscent of the ‘Fourth Great Debate’, where the international, associated with political realism, was targeted for deconstruction by critical approaches drawn from outside International Relations? Or is the international, on the contrary, itself a source of potential critique needing to be excavated and utilized, as recent debates on ‘societal multiplicity’ and Uneven and Combined Development have suggested? In this forum, seven international theorists debate the latter question from a range of intellectual perspectives. La multiplicité et « l’international » en tant que critique
Modified couple stress theory (MCST) and refined zigzag theory (RZT) for wave propagation of embedded smart sandwich plates with magnetorheological fluid core and viscoelastic FG-CNTRC magnetostrictive face sheets
Authors: Mosayyebi Mohammad , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Kolahchi Reza 
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses the wave propagation of a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) micro sandwich plate with magnetostrictive face sheets embedded in the Kerr foundation. The face sheets are reinforced with functionally graded carbon nanotubes (FG-CNT). It was hypothesized that the distribution of carbon nanotubes would be functionally graded along the thickness of face sheets in various patterns such as uniform distribution (UD), and three type of functionally graded (FG), that is, FG-O, FG-X, and FG-AV. The properties of the magnetostrictive layer are considered viscoelastic based on the Kelvin-Voigt model. The refined zigzag theory (RZT) is utilized to simulate displacements of the plate due to the sandwich nature of the system. The modified couple stress theory (MCST) is utilized to predict the influence of small-scale parameter. The equations of motion for the micro sandwich plate are derived by Hamilton's principle, and analytical solutions are utilized to acquire the phase speed, escape, and cut-off frequencies. After model verification, extensive analytical results are presented in detail. They demonstrated that the wave characteristics of the system are influenced by the micro sandwich plate parameters. Consequently, the dimensionless phase speed rises 66% via increasing the magnetic field magnitude from 12.5 to 17.5 G.
Hypercalcemia associated with interaction between all trans retinoic acid and fluconazole in an acute promyelocytic leukemia and acquired hypoparathyroidism case
Authors: Akman Büşra Tuğçe , Arıca Deniz , Koca Ebru , Karakuş Sema 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the most malignant form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with short survival without treatment. All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A metabolite and plays an important role in the treatment of APL. Hypercalcemia is a rare side effect of ATRA. Case Report A 67-year-old female patient was investigated due to widespread bruising and pancytopenia. The patient was diagnosed with APL and remission was achieved by administering idarubicin together with ATRA in the induction treatment. The patient has hypocalcemia due to acquired hypoparathyroidism, and it was observed that the calcium level increased with the initiation of fluconazole 200 mg/day for antifungal prophylaxis together with ATRA in the consolidation treatment. It was observed that the calcium value reached 13 mg/dL by increasing the fluconazole to 400 mg/day treatment dose due to oral mucositis. Management and Outcome The development of hypercalcemia has been reported in previous case reports when ATRA is used together with voriconazole, fosfluconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole, which inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes. In this case, it is the first in the literature that a patient with hypocalcemia due to acquired hypoparathyroidism developed hypercalcemia after fluconazole and ATRA were used together. Discussion Since hypercalcemia may develop while azole drugs are administered during ATRA treatment, it is important to monitor calcium levels to prevent complications of hypercalcemia.
Addressing the Mental Health of Nursing Students During the Pandemic: The Evaluation of a Needs Assessment by a College of Nursing Mental Health Task Force
Authors: Vick Lori L. , Raynor Phyllis A. , Bush Rachel , Hutto April , Potts Maryellen , Inman Dianna , Schaller Stephanie , Nelson Cheryl , Ribar Alicia , Worthy Karen , McCormick Jessica , Baliko Beverly 
Published: November 2023

Background: A Mental Health Task Force (MHTF) was developed in a large public college of nursing in the Southeastern United States to address the urgent mental health needs expressed by growing numbers of nursing students related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aims: The purpose of this study was to report on a needs assessment conducted by the MHTF. Methods: The needs assessment study design was a 16-item cross-sectional online survey and four “Town Hall” focus groups with nursing students, faculty, and staff ( n = 1–8 participants per group). Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and free-text questions from the survey and focus groups were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Results: Undergraduate and graduate students ( n = 115) ranging in age from 17 to 50 years completed the survey; 95% female, 94% full-time, 56% employed, 77% White, and 81% in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing program. Eleven students participated in the focus groups. The analysis of the free-text survey questions identified the students’ perceived needs. Mental health care was the most frequently requested, followed by faculty check-ins, stress management, and peer support. Conclusions: The administration of the survey provided an opportunity for students to communicate concerns and make requests. To address the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students, multi-modal needs assessments should be conducted periodically to identify priority mental health needs.
Knowledge and Preventive Measures of COVID-19 Among Prison and Detention Center Staffs in Bench-Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Shifera Nigusie , Aydiko Alemseged , Yosef Tewodros 
Published: November 2023

Background: The coronavirus has developed into a global public emergency. Different preventive measures like handwashing stations, isolation chambers, and personal protective equipment are frequently insufficient in prisons and detention facilities. Furthermore, there were significant dangers of infection from close contact with incarcerated people and prison and detention center staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the awareness of COVID-19 prevention strategies among correctional facility staff in the Bench-Sheko Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Between May and June 2020, an institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among selected individuals who were correctional facility staff located in the Bench-Sheko zone at the time the data were collected. The study participants were chosen using a stratified systematic random sampling technique. Epi-data 3.1 was used to enter the data, and SPSS version 22 was used to analyze it. To find a candidate and an independent factor, respectively, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized. Results: The levels of knowledge and practice toward COVID-19 were 41.5% and 39.5% respectively. Working in detention [AOR: 4.7, 95% CI: 2.1-10.5)] was also a risk factor for poor knowledge, and among the population working in detention, rural residence [AOR: 5.6, 95% CI: 2.2-14.3)], and lower educational level [AOR: 9.4, 95% CI: 3.3-26.9)] were additional risk factors for poor knowledge. Furthermore, for people working in detention, lower education levels [AOR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.3-14)], poor knowledge [AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.6-6.8)], and poor attitude [AOR: 9.1, 95% CI: 1.9-43.7)], were associated with poor preventive practice. Conclusion and recommendation: Prison and detention center staff had poor knowledge and preventive measures toward COVID-19. An upcoming educational intervention is recommended to raise awareness of the diseases. Moreover, the decarcerating strategy also needs to be considered to mitigate COVID.
Item-Level Psychometrics of the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment in Orally Feeding Infants
Authors: Mulrenin Brooke , Pineda Roberta , Dodds Cynthia , Velozo Craig A. 
Published: November 2023

Background: The Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment determines feeding performance based on the infant’s postmenstrual age (PMA). Objective: To examine item-level measurement properties of this assessment’s rating scale. Methodology: In this retrospective study, Rasch analysis was completed on clinical data from the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment for 100 infants (52 preterm and 48 full-term) using Winsteps version 3.93.1. Instead of PMA-based scores, ordered letters converted to numerical scores were analyzed. Results: Analysis demonstrated that Section I (Pre-Feeding Skills) represents a separate construct from Sections II and III (Oral Feeding and End of Feeding, respectively). Sections II and III were adequately unidimensional to complete Rasch analysis. These sections fit the Rasch model overall, but rating scale category underuse was common, which may be attributed to sample characteristics. Implications: This analysis supports using validated ordered letter scoring of Sections II and III to measure oral feeding performance in preterm and full-term newborns.
Gastric residual volume monitoring practices in UK intensive care units: A web-based survey
Authors: Jenkins Bethan , Calder Philip C , Marino Luise V 
Published: November 2023

Background and aim: Monitoring of gastric residual volume (GRV) to assess for enteral feeding intolerance is common practice in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting; however, evidence to support the practice is lacking. The aim of this study was: (i) to gain a perspective of current practice in adult ICUs in the UK around enteral feeding and monitoring of GRV, (ii) to characterise the threshold value used for a high GRV in clinical practice, (iii) to describe the impact of GRV monitoring on enteral feeding provision and (iv) to inform future research into the clinical value of GRV measurement in the adult ICU population. Methods: A web-based survey was sent to all UK adult ICUs. The survey consisted of questions pertaining to (i) nutritional assessment and enteral feeding practices, (ii) enteral feeding intolerance and GRV monitoring and (iii) management of raised GRV. Results: Responses were received from 101 units. Ninety-eight percent of units reported routinely measuring GRV, with 86% of ICUs using GRV to define enteral feeding intolerance. Threshold values for a high GRV varied from 200 to 1000 ml with frequency of measurement also differing greatly from 2 to 12 hourly. Initiation of pro-kinetic medication was the most common treatment for a high GRV. Fifty-two percent of respondents stated that volume of GRV would influence their decision to stop enteral feeds a lot or very much. Only 28% of units stated that they had guidelines for the technique for monitoring GRV. Conclusions: Measurement of GRV is the most common method of determining enteral feeding intolerance in adult ICUs in the UK. The practice continues despite evidence of poor validity and reproducibility of this measurement. Further research should be undertaken into the benefit of ongoing GRV measurements in the adult ICU population and alternative markers of enteral feeding intolerance.
Decrypting the cryptomarkets: Trends over a decade of the Dark Web drug trade
Authors: Sudan Harjeev Kour , Tai Andy Man Yeung , Kim Jane , Krausz Reinhard Michael 
Published: November 2023

Introduction The Dark Web is a subsection of the Internet only accessible through specific search engines, making it impossible to trace users. Due to extensive anonymity, the drug trade on the Dark Web makes regulation complicated. We sought to uncover the scope of the online drug trade on the Dark Web and the impact it may have on the dynamics of global drug trafficking. Methods We conducted a literature review to elucidate the availability and distribution of drugs on the Dark Web based on data reported in existing literature ( n = 14) between September 2012 and June 2019. We simultaneously collected data about substances and listings from Dark Web cryptomarkets ( n = 13) active between August 2022 and January 2023. Data from the literature review and the Dark Web scrape were combined to draw trends in the chronological availability and distribution of drugs between 2012 and 2023. Results The data collected from 13 cryptomarkets between late 2022 and early 2023 showed a relative change in substance distribution compared to 2012–2019, with a decrease in prescription drugs (from >20% to <5%) and a doubling of opioid listings (from 5.5% to 9.25%), while no major changes were observed on average during 2012–2019 according to literature. Conclusions The Dark Web warrants more attention in the analysis of the global drug trade. Understanding Dark Web drug markets can inform targeted interventions and strategies to reduce drug-related harms, while ongoing research is necessary to anticipate and respond to future changes in the landscape of the illicit drug trade.