bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of phenylacetylene with Ti(OR)4AlEt3 and V(acac)3AlEt3: Cyclotrimerization versus chain oligomerization
Authors: Rodríguez J. G. , Lafuente A. , Martín‐Villamil R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe polymerization of phenylacetylene with the microheterogeneous Ti(OR)4AlEt3 and homogeneous vanadium acetylacetonate/aluminum triethyl Ziegler–Natta catalyst systems was analyzed. The effects of some cocatalysts (e.g., pyridine and phenylacetylide) and the solvent, temperature, and time were analyzed. Both catalyst systems produced poly(phenylacetylene) (PPA) and a 1,2,4‐triphenylbenzene (1,2,4‐TPB)/1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene (1,3,5‐TPB) cyclotrimer mixture in various molar ratios. The titanium catalyst showed the lowest PPA/triphenylbenzene ratio. The 1,2,4‐TPB/1,3,5‐TPB molar ratio decreased with increasing PPA. On the basis of the spectroscopic data, PPA had a cis–transoidal stereoregular structure. The molecular mass of PPA was determined with vapor pressure osmometry and gel permeation chromatography. A mechanism for the polymerization reaction versus cyclotrimerization was proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1228–1237, 2005
Pinecone‐like Cu(II) crystal growth on the surface of amine‐group‐immobilized polymers
Authors: Ko Young Gun , Shin Dong Hun , Choi Ung Su 
Published: February 2005

AbstractField‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to monitor pinecone‐like Cu(II) crystal growth on polymeric fibers for various growth times. In FESEM images, Cu(II) complexes and Cu(OH)2 crystal growth on poly(acryloamidino ethylene amine) and poly(acryloamidino diethylenediamine) were observed. Up to an elapsed time of 16 min, crystal growth was observed in only one direction. However, after an elapsed time of 20 h, pinecone‐like crystals covered the entire surfaces of the synthesized polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1238–1247, 2005
Massive tensor multiplets in N = 1 supersymmetry
Authors: Louis J. , Schulgin W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe derive the action for a massive tensor multiplet coupled to chiral and vector multiplets as it can appear in orientifold compactifications of type IIB string theory. We compute the potential of the theory and show its consistency with the corresponding Kaluza‐Klein reduction of N = 1 orientifold compactifications. The potential contains an explicit mass term for the scalar in the tensor multiplet which does not arise from eliminating an auxiliary field. A dual action with an additional massive vector multiplet is derived at the level of superfields.
Flux vacua statistics for two‐parameter Calabi‐Yau's
Authors: Misra A. , Nanda A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe study the number of flux vacua for type IIB string theory on an orientifold of the Calabi‐Yau expressed as a hypersurface in WCP4[1,1,2,2,6] by evaluating a suitable integral over the complex‐structure moduli space as per the conjecture of Douglas and Ashok. We show that away from the singular conifold locus, one gets a power law, and that the (neighborhood) of the conifold locus indeed acts as an attractor in the (complex structure) moduli space. In the process, we evaluate the periods near the conifold locus. We also study (non)supersymmetric solutions near the conifold locus, and show that supersymmetric solutions near the conifold locus do not support fluxes.
Scanning tunnelling microscopy observations at initial stage of Cs adsorption on Si(111)‐$\sqrt{3}$ × $\sqrt{3}$‐Ag surface
Authors: Liu Canhua , Matsuda Iwao , Hasegawa Shuji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe growth and ordering behaviour of Cs adatoms at the initial stage of adsorption on the Si(111)‐$\sqrt{3}$ × $\sqrt{3}$‐Ag surface have been investigated using low‐temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). It was revealed that the Cs overlayer conducts two‐dimensional gas–liquid–solid phase transitions by changing the Cs coverage below 0.143 monolayer. The STM images show that the Cs adatoms adsorb on a specific site in the unit cell of Si(111)‐$\sqrt{3}$ × $\sqrt{3}$‐Ag structure and move around by hopping among the equivalent sites in the liquid state. As the coverage increases, the Cs adatoms condense into the solid state, forming the surface superstructure Si(111)‐$\sqrt{21}$ × $\sqrt{21}$‐(Ag + Cs). Its atomic structure model was proposed based on STM observations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis, management and follow‐up of complex paraurethral abnormalities
Authors: Yang J.‐M. , Huang W.‐C. , Yang S.‐H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMost urethral diverticula are thought to result from infection and obstruction of the paraurethral ducts and glands. When rupture of a resulting retention cyst or abscess occurs into the urethra, a diverticulum is formed. We report two cases of paraurethral abnormalities: urethral diverticulum and paraurethral abscess. Transvaginal sonography, with its high‐resolution visualization of the lower urinary tract, may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of such disorders. Using three‐dimensional technology, the internal architecture of the paraurethral abnormalities and their spatial relationship to the urethra and bladder, important considerations at surgery, are clearly demonstrated on ultrasonography. Complete excision of complex paraurethral anomalies may be performed under transvaginal sonographic monitoring without inadvertent injury to the bladder or urethra. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender Makes a Difference in the Description of Dyspnoea in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Ekman Inger , Boman Kurt , Olofsson Mona , Aires Nibia , Swedberg Karl 
Published: February 2005

Background: Dyspnoea is a common symptom of chronic heart failure (CHF). In the community setting, patients with CHF are most often women. Aim: To examine the impact of gender on the description of dyspnoea and to explore which clinical variables support a diagnosis of CHF. Methods: From four primary health care centres, 158 patients with CHF were included. Patients were examined with echocardiography and a cardiologist assessed the diagnosis of CHF. The patients filled in a questionnaire containing 11 descriptors of dyspnoea. Results: A diagnosis of CHF was confirmed in 87 (55%) patients (47 males and 40 females). One descriptor, I feel that I am suffocating, was significantly scored higher in CHF patients ( p=0.014) as compared to non-CHF patients. Three descriptors, My breath does not go in all the way ( p=0.006), I feel that I am suffocating ( p=0.040), and I cannot get enough air ( p=0.0327) were significantly scored higher among men with CHF, compared to no descriptor among women with CHF. Being male (OR=2.7; CI: 1.3–5.6, p=0.008), having diabetes (OR=5.6; CI: 1.7–18.2, p=0.004), IHD (OR=3.3; CI: 1.3–8.5, p=0.014), and a borderline significance for age (OR=1.04; CI: 0.99–1.08, p=0.058) predicted a confirmed diagnosis of CHF. Conclusion: Three descriptors of dyspnoea were associated with CHF among men, whereas no such association was found among women. Our results suggest that gender is an important factor and should—together with age, underlying heart disease, and diabetes—be taken into account when symptoms are evaluated in the diagnosis of CHF in primary care.
Brain processing of tonic muscle pain induced by infusion of hypertonic saline
Authors: Thunberg Johan , Lyskov Eugene , Korotkov Alexander , Ljubisavljevic Milos , Pakhomov Sergey , Katayeva Galina , Radovanovic Sasa , Medvedev Sviatoslav , Johansson Håkan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMost of the previous studies on the effects of pain on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) had been done with brief cutaneous or intramuscular painful stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect on rCBF of long lasting tonic experimental muscle pain. To this end we performed PET investigations of rCBF following tonic experimental low back pain induced by continuous intramuscular infusion of hypertonic (5%) saline (HS) with computer controlled infusion pump into the right erector spinae on L3 level in 19 healthy volunteers. Changes in rCBF were measured with the use of 15O labelled water during four conditions: Baseline (before start of infusion), Early Pain (4 min after start of infusion), Late Pain (20 min after start of infusion) and Post‐Pain (>15 min after stop of infusion) conditions.Results of SPM analysis showed relative rCBF increase in the right insula and bilateral decrease in the temporo‐parieto‐occipital cortex during initial phase of painful stimulation (Early Pain) followed by activation of the medial prefrontal region and bilateral inhibition of insula, anterior cingulate and dorso‐lateral prefrontal cortex mainly in ipsilateral hemisphere during Late Pain conditions. The results show that longer lasting tonic experimental muscle pain elicited by i.m infusion of HS results in decreases rather than increases in rCBF. Possible explanations for differences found in rCBF during tonic hypertonic saline‐induced experimental muscle pain as compared with previous findings are discussed.
Delayed onset muscle soreness in neck/shoulder muscles
Authors: Nie Hongling , Kawczynski Adam , Madeleine Pascal , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to: (1) induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the neck and shoulder muscles; (2) compare the pressure pain sensitivity of muscle belly with that of musculotendinous tissue after DOMS; (3) examine the gender differences in the development of DOMS. An eccentric shoulder exercise was developed to induce DOMS on neck/shoulder muscles using a specially designed dynamometer. Eccentric shoulder contraction consisted of 5 bouts, each bout lasted 3 min, with 3 min rest period between each bout. The right shoulder was elevating against a downward pressure force of 110% maximal voluntary contraction force exerted by the dynamometer. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) of 11 sites (seven sites measured were muscle belly and four sites were myotendinous area) on neck/shoulder region were measured before, immediately after, 24 and 48 h after exercise. Pain intensity, pain area and index of McGill pain questionnaire were assessed and all were increased after exercise. DOMS was induced in the shoulder muscles. PPT was significantly decreased and reached lowest values at 24 h. The muscle belly sites are more sensitive to pain than the musculotendinous sites. No gender differences were found in any of the parameters used to assess the development of DOMS. DOMS did not distribute evenly in the neck/shoulder region. Soreness after exercise in the neck and shoulder seems not to be among the conditions that produce predominant musculoskeletal pain in females.
Changes in the North Sea fish community: evidence of indirect effects of fishing?
Authors: Daan Niels , Gislason Henrik , G. Pope John , C. Rice Jake 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
We investigate changes in the North Sea fish community with particular reference to possible indirect effects of fishing, mediated through the ecosystem. In the past, long-term changes in the slope of size spectra of research vessel catches have been related to changes in fishing effort, but such changes may simply reflect the cumulative, direct effects of fishing through selective removal of large individuals. If there is resilience in a fish community towards fishing, we may expect increases in specific components, for instance as a consequence of an associated reduction in predation and/or competition. We show on the basis of three long-term trawl surveys that abundance of small fish (all species) as well as abundance of demersal species with a low maximum length (Lmax) have steadily and significantly increased in absolute numbers over large parts of the North Sea during the last 30 years. Taking average fishing mortality of assessed commercial species as an index of exploitation rate of the fish community, it appears that fishing effort reached its maximum in the mid-1980s and has declined slightly since. If the observed changes in the community are caused by indirect effects of fishing, there must be a considerable delay in response time, because the observed changes generally proceed up to recent years, although both size and Lmax spectra suggest some levelling off, or even recovery in one of the surveys. Indeed, significant correlations between all community metrics and exploitation rate were obtained only if time lags ≥6 years were introduced.
Response of potential fish community indicators to fishing
Authors: Piet G.J. , Jennings S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFish community metrics and diversity indices have often been proposed as indicators to support an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management. The response of eight fish community indicators to spatio-temporal changes in fishing effort was studied by comparing the rate of change in (i) areas subject to different levels (high, medium, and low) of fishing effort and (ii) areas inside and outside a closed area (the plaice box) where management measures led to changes in fishing effort over time. Several indicators showed broadly consistent responses to fishing effort (slope of the biomass-size spectra, mean weight, and mean maximum length) while a range of biodiversity indices and biomass did not. The response of the indicators to spatio-temporal changes in fishing effort showed that, with the exception of the slope of the biomass-size spectra, none of the indicators reliably detected the effects of spatial management measures at the scales of time and space that were used for these analyses. While some of the size-based indicators we tested did provide evidence for fishing impacts on communities, the response of the indicators to fishing was not straightforward and may have depended on environmental conditions and historic fishing regimes. Therefore, the indicators would provide limited support for assessing the effects of short-term and small-scale management actions and must be applied with caution until we have an improved theoretical understanding of their response to fishing and the environment.
Fidelity of mature Icelandic plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) to spawning and feeding grounds
Authors: Solmundsson Jon , Palsson Jonbjorn , Karlsson Hjalti 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAbout 2200 plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) were tagged on spawning and feeding grounds off Iceland. The aim was to reveal the migration pattern of mature plaice and to estimate fidelity rates to spawning and feeding grounds. From a total of 183 plaice tagged on the spawning ground and recaptured in successive spawning seasons, 91% of males and 88% of females were recaptured within 30 km of the tagging site. From 55 plaice tagged in the feeding area and recaptured in subsequent feeding seasons, all males and 91% of females were recaptured within 30 km of the tagging location, supposedly after migration to distant spawning grounds as indicated by recaptures in the spawning season. When weighing the number of recaptures with a standardized fishing effort, a minimum level of fidelity to the spawning ground was estimated at 94% for the spawning season one year after tagging and at 72% for the second and third spawning seasons. Fidelity to the feeding area was estimated at 90% after one year and at 100% after two and three years from tagging. The study provides insights into the population structure of Icelandic plaice, relevant to the management and conservation of the population.
The effects of marine sand and gravel extraction on the macrobenthos at a commercial dredging site (results 6 years post-dredging)
Authors: Boyd S.E. , Limpenny D.S. , Rees H.L. , Cooper K.M. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Benthic recolonization was investigated at a site historically used for the extraction of marine sand and gravel. The main objective was to assess the effects of different levels of dredging intensity on the recolonization of benthic fauna and sediments. Preliminary observations from this study indicated that the fauna within an area of seabed exposed to high dredging intensities remained in a perturbed state some 4 years after the cessation of dredging. Thereafter, annual monitoring surveys of the benthos and sediments at the “treatment” and “reference” sites have followed the recolonization process. Results from univariate and multivariate data analyses show that distinct differences in the nature of assemblages at sites exposed to high and lower levels of dredging intensity persist at least 6 years after the cessation of dredging. This paper presents the physical and biological findings 6 years after dredging, together with a generic framework for evaluating post-cessation recolonization studies.
Developmental lead exposure alters mitochondrial monoamine oxidase and synaptosomal catecholamine levels in rat brain
Authors: Devi C.B. , Reddy G.H. , Prasanthi R.P.J. , Chetty C.S. , Reddy G.R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRats were lactationally exposed to low‐ (0.2%) and high‐level (1%) lead (Pb) from postnatal day 1 (PND1) through PND21 through the drinking water of the mother. The levels of catecholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine and the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) were determined in the cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex in young (1‐month‐old) and adult (3‐month‐old) rats. Pb‐exposure decreased the activity of mitochondrial MAO in all the brain regions in a dose‐dependent manner. The synaptosomal catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine), however, increased with low level (0.2%) Pb‐exposure and significantly decreased with high level (1%) Pb‐exposure in both the age groups. In general, the young rats seem to be more vulnerable to Pb‐neurotoxicity. These data suggest that Pb‐exposure perturbs the aminergic system in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus and may contribute to the cognitive and behavioural impairments observed in Pb‐exposed rats.
Regional and global right ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with congenitally corrected transposition
Authors: Tulevski Igor I. , Zijta Frank M. , Smeijers Anika S. , Dodge-Khatami Ali , van der Wall Ernst E. , Mulder Barbara J. M. 
Published: February 2005

Patients with congenitally corrected transposition are at risk of right ventricular dysfunction and failure. With this in mind, we examined 13 patients with congenitally corrected transposition, 7 not having undergone surgery, and 6 after physiological repair, comparing them with 6 healthy subjects matched for age and sex, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, at rest and during dobutamine stress, in order to determine regional and global right ventricular response to stress.At rest, the patients had significantly decreased overall wall motion compared to their healthy peers (7.2 ± 0.5, versus 9.8 ± 0.4 mm). During infusion of dobutamine, overall wall motion increased to 12.8 ± 0.4 mm in the healthy subjects, versus 8.8 ± 1.0 mm in patients. At the regional level, significant differences in mural motion were found between patients and controls in the anterior (9.5 ± 1.1, versus 13.2 ± 0.6 mm), posterior (10.2 ± 1.6, versus 13.2 ± 0.8 mm), and septal segments (5.0 ± 0.8, versus 11.2 ± 0.6 mm).At rest, overall mural thickening in patients was similar to that of controls, but significantly less in patients during stress. During dobutamine stress, patients showed significantly less regional wall thickening than controls, particularly in the septal (2.7 ± 0.6, versus 6.0 ± 0.4 mm, respectively) and in the anterior segments (4.2 ± 0.6, versus 7.8 ± 0.6 mm, respectively). Right ventricular ejection fraction strongly correlated with mural motion and thickening, both at rest and during stress.Abnormal regional function in the systemic morphologically right ventricle may occur in patients with congenitally corrected transposition, which strongly correlates with right ventricular ejection fraction. Our findings support the hypothesis that, in patients with congenitally corrected transposition, ischemia of the right ventricular myocardium contributes to the development of right ventricular dysfunction.
Right ventricular function and ventricular perfusion defects in adults with congenitally corrected transposition: correlation of echocardiography and nuclear medicine
Authors: Espinola-Zavaleta Nilda , Alexanderson Erick , Attié Fause , Castellanos Luis Muñoz , Dueñas Roy , Rosas Martín , Keirns Candace 
Published: February 2005

We undertook our study in order to evaluate right ventricular function and perfusion by conventional and contrast echocardiography in adults with congenitally corrected transposition who had not undergone cardiac surgery, comparing the echocardiographic findings with those obtained using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography and gated single-photon emission computed tomography with Technetiumc-99 m sestamibi.We discovered severe tricuspid regurgitation in 8 patients (61%). Right ventricular ejection fraction, as calculated by nuclear medicine, had a correlation of 0.67 (p = 0.059) with area fractional shortening and 0.84 (p = 0.01) with ejection fraction calculated by the method depending on descent of the tricuspid ring. All patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation also had right ventricular dysfunction. Of these 8 patients, 7 had persistent perfusion defects, while 6 also had ischemic perfusion defects.Echo contrast had a high sensitivity, at 91%, and also specificity and positive predictive value, both at 100%, for persistent defects, and a negative predictive value of 66% compared to methods depending on nuclear medicine. The sensitivity of contrast echocardiography for detection of ischemic defects was 66%, the specificity 100%, the positive predictive value 100%, and the negative predictive value 77% compared to the methods involving nuclear medicine.The method depending on descent of the tricuspid ring had the highest correlation with equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in evaluation of right ventricular function in patients with congenitally corrected transposition.We conclude that contrast echocardiography is extremely valuable when assessing right ventricular myocardial perfusion, having high sensitivity and specificity for detecting persistent defects, although sensitivity was less for detection of ischemic defects than that of gated single-photon emission computed tomography with Technetium-99 m Sestamibi.Persistent and ischemic perfusion defects, together with chronic volume overload from tricuspid regurgitation, are the determining factors of right ventricular dysfunction.