bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Color Converters for High Brightness Laser‐Driven Projection Display: Transparent Ceramics–Glass Ceramics Film Composite
Authors: Liao Shengxiang , Jin Shilin , Pang Tao , Lin Shisheng , Zheng Yuanhui , Chen Ronghua , Xi Guoyu , Li Xiaoyan , Zhuang Bin , Huang Feng , Chen Daqin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLaser‐driven projection display puts forward urgent demand for color converter materials to simultaneously achieve balanced‐spectrum properties and strong heat dissipation. Herein, this work develops a novel optofunctional composite by coupling Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ transparent ceramics (TC) with CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor‐in‐glass film (PiGF) for the first time. Remarkably, this new material architecture design enables a balance between the spectrum properties and heat dissipation ability, and can yield high‐quality white light with brightness of over 2500 lm, luminous efficacy (LE) of over 200 lm W−1, correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3700–4100 K, and improved color rendering index (CRI) of 60–70. Furthermore, the PiGF@TC‐converted laser projection system is also successfully designed, showing natural and real color restoration. Additionally, the combined action of thermal quenching and optical excitation intensity quenching is confirmed for the luminescence saturation upon high‐power blue laser driven. The main mechanism of optical quenching is identified to be energy upconversion dominated by second‐order nonlinear processes. The findings described here suggest a step toward developing the admirable laser‐driven color converters for next‐generation lighting sources.
Smart Slides for Optical Monitoring of Cellular Processes
Authors: Ackermann Julia , Reger Eline , Jung Sebastian , Mohr Jennifer , Herbertz Svenja , Seidl Karsten , Kruss Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe molecules released by cells are a fingerprint of their current state. Methods that measure them with high spatial and temporal resolution may provide valuable insights into cell physiology and diseases. Here, a nanosensor coating is developed that transforms standard cell culture materials/dishes into “Smart Slides” capable of optically monitoring biochemical efflux from cells. For this purpose, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that are fluorescent in the beneficial near‐infrared (NIR, 850 – 1700 nm) window are used. They are chemically tailored to detect the neurotransmitter dopamine by a change in fluorescence intensity. These nanosensors are spin‐coated on glass substrates and it is shown that such sensor layers can be sterilized by UV light and can be stored in dry condition or buffer for at least 6 weeks and have little influence on cell viability. The optimal sensor density to maximize sensitivity is also identified. Finally, these substrates are used to image dopamine release from neuronal cells cultivated on top in the presence of various psychotropic substances, which represents a system to test pharmaceuticals for neurological or neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, Smart Slides are a powerful tool to monitor cellular processes in cell culture systems.
Bioinspired Ultra‐Robust Ionogels Constructed with Soft‐Rigid Confinement Space for Multimodal Monitoring Electronics
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Zheng Yapeng , Cui Tianyang , Huang Tingya , Liu Haodong , Zhu Jixin , Song Lei , Hu Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIonogels are compelling materials for flexible hybrid electronics owing to their attractive physical properties and infinite adjustability of chemical structures. However, ionogels must be sufficiently strong to ensure durability, stability, and a wide range of strains in various applications to make electronic systems mechanically compliant. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of multiphase substances in the skin, it is fabricated several transparent (>90%) and ultra‐robust (tensile strength >17 MPa, toughness >40 MJ m−3, and elongation ≈300%) ionogels via in situ polymerization of polymers with the different binding abilities to the ionic liquid by forming soft and rigid confinement space. This strategy can also be applied to other ionic liquids and polymers. Furthermore, the designed ionogel sensors can be used to develop a wearable intelligent health monitoring system capable of monitoring health‐related physiological signals, such as temperature, body tremors, wrist pulse, breathing, and gestures, for predicting and responding to emergencies, which will pave the way for wearable security monitoring technology.
Structural Understanding for High‐Voltage Stabilization of Lithium Cobalt Oxide
Authors: Lin Cong , Li Jianyuan , Yin Zu‐Wei , Huang Weiyuan , Zhao Qinghe , Weng Qingsong , Liu Qiang , Sun Junliang , Chen Guohua , Pan Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of modern consumer electronics is placing higher demands on the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2; LCO) cathode that powers them. Increasing operating voltage is exclusively effective in boosting LCO capacity and energy density but is inhibited by the innate high‐voltage instability of the LCO structure that serves as the foundation and determinant of its electrochemical behavior in lithium‐ion batteries. This has stimulated extensive research on LCO structural stabilization. Here, it is focused on the fundamental structural understanding of LCO cathode from long‐term studies. Multi‐scale structures concerning LCO bulk and surface and various structural issues along with their origins and corresponding stabilization strategies with specific mechanisms are uncovered and elucidated at length, which will certainly deepen and advance the knowledge of LCO structure and further its inherent relationship with electrochemical performance. Based on these understandings, remaining questions and opportunities for future stabilization of the LCO structure are also emphasized.
Ternary Chalcogenide Ta2NiTe5 as Broadband Saturable Absorber for Passively Q‐Switched Pulse Generation
Authors: Zhang Wenyao , Huang Hongfu , Wang Zhenkun , Kang Qi , Liu Shunxiang , Lu Shunbin , Wen Qiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) ternary chalcogenides, a significant class of optoelectronic materials, exhibit distinctive structures and possess exceptional physical and chemical properties. In this study, a novel 2D ternary chalcogenide, Ta2NiTe5, is synthesized using the liquid‐phase exfoliation technique to create a high‐quality saturable absorber (SA). The nonlinear optical characteristics of the prepared Ta2NiTe5 nanosheets, ranging from 500 nm to 3.0 µm, are investigated using the P‐scan and open‐aperture Z‐scan methods. Furthermore, the stable passively Q‐switched lasers based on the Ta2NiTe5‐SA device are realized with a minimum pulse width of 326 ns, 2.18 µs, and 850 ns at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 µm wavelengths, respectively. The findings not only provide further evidence of the promising potential of 2D ternary chalcogenides as an SA for the achievement of broadband pulsed lasers, but also pave the way for promoting their potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Measuring the Exciton Binding Energy: Learning from a Decade of Measurements on Halide Perovskites and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Hansen Kameron R. , Colton John S. , Whittaker‐Brooks Luisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe exciton binding energy (Eb) is a key parameter that governs the physics of many optoelectronic devices. At their best, trustworthy and precise measurements of Eb challenge theoreticians to refine models, are a driving force in advancing the understanding of a material system, and lead to efficient device design. At their worst, inaccurate Eb measurements lead theoreticians astray, sow confusion within the research community, and hinder device improvements by leading to poor designs. This review article seeks to highlight the pros and cons of different measurement techniques used to determine Eb, namely, temperature‐dependent photoluminescence, resolving Rydberg states, electroabsorption, magnetoabsorption, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and fitting the optical absorption. Due to numerous conflicting Eb values reported for halide perovskites (HP) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) monolayers, an emphasis is placed on highlighting these measurements in an attempt to reconcile the variance between different measurement techniques. It is argued that the experiments with the clearest indicators are in agreement on the following values: ≈350–450 meV for TMDC monolayers between SiO2 and vacuum, ≈150–200 meV for hBN‐encapsulated TMDC monolayers, ≈200–300 meV for common lead‐iodide 2D HPs, and ≈10 meV for methylammonium lead iodide.
Enhanced Nonlinearity of Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Indium Tin Oxide Nanolayers with Tamm Plasmon‐Polariton States
Authors: Shubitidze Tornike , Britton Wesley A. , Negro Luca Dal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, materials with vanishingly small permittivity, known as epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) media, emerged as promising candidates to achieve nonlinear optical effects of unprecedented magnitude on a solid‐state platform. In particular, the ENZ behavior of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films resulted in Kerr‐type nonlinearity with non‐perturbative refractive index variations that are key to developing more efficient Si‐compatible devices with sub‐wavelength dimensions. In this contribution, exceptional enhancement of the nonlinear index variation of 30 nm‐thick ITO nanolayers by silicon dioxide/silicon nitride (SiO2/SiN) Tamm plasmon‐polariton structures fabricated by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering on transparent substrates under different annealing conditions is proposed and demonstrated. In particular, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of ITO thin films and resonant photonic structures are investigated using broadband spectroscopic ellipsometry and intensity‐dependent Z‐scan nonlinear characterization, demonstrating enhancement of optical nonlinearity with refractive index variations as large as Δn ≈ 2 in the non‐perturbative regime. This study reveals that the efficient excitation of strongly confined plasmon‐polariton Tamm states substantially boosts the nonlinear optical response of ITO nanolayers, providing a stepping stone for the engineering of more efficient infrared devices and nanostructures for a broad range of applications, including all‐optical data processing, nonlinear spectroscopy, sensing, and novel quantum detection modalities.
Hydroxamate Assays for High‐Throughput Screening of Transketolase Libraries Against Arylated Substrates
Authors: Fúster Fernández Inés , Kickstein Michael , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe recently reported that the transketolase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKgst) upon acyl transfer to nitrosoarenes generates N‐aryl hydroxamic acids (HA). The latter are metal chelating compounds that in the presence of Fe(III) ions form deep‐red complexes. Here, we applied this principle to the development of a colorimetric assay in both solid‐ and liquid‐phase formats for the high‐throughput screening of TKgst and its variants. Screening a set of positive hits from a L382X/D470X library validated the specificity and sensitivity of the assays. The solid surface assay allows a clear distinction between positive and negative colonies by the naked eye in qualitative mode, and further also to measure activity in semi‐quantitative fashion in the liquid‐phase format. The assay will be important for engineering the TKgst enzyme towards improved conversion of aromatic aldehydes by their close structural analogy to nitrosoarenes.
Dendritic Cell‐Mimicking Nanoparticles Promote mRNA Delivery to Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Cao Yiming , Long Jinrong , Sun Huisheng , Miao Yiqi , Sang Ye , Lu Haitao , Yu Changxiao , Zhang Zhen , Wang Lin , Yang Jing , Wang Shengqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpleen and lymphoid organs are important targets for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in various applications. Current nanoparticle delivery methods rely on drainage to lymph nodes from intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. In difficult‐to‐transfect antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), effective mRNA transfection remains a significant challenge. In this study, a lymphatic targeting carrier using DC membranes is developed, that efficiently migrated to lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. The nanoparticles contained an ionizable lipid (YK009), which ensured a high encapsulation efficacy of mRNA and assisted mRNA with endosomal escape after cellular uptake. Dendritic cell‐mimicking nanoparticles (DCMNPs) showed efficient protein expression in both the spleen and lymph nodes after intramuscular injections. Moreover, in immunized mice, DCMNP vaccination elicited Spike‐specific IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and Th1‐biased SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cellular immunity. This work presents a powerful vaccine formula using DCMNPs, which represents a promising vaccine candidate for further research and development.
Tumor Microenvironment Responsive CD8+ T Cells and Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells to Trigger CD73 Inhibitor AB680‐Based Synergistic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chen Qiangda , Yin Hanlin , He Junyi , Xie Yuqi , Wang Wenquan , Xu Huaxiang , Zhang Lei , Shi Chenye , Yu Jun , Wu Wenchuan , Liu Liang , Pu Ning , Lou Wenhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCD73 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and immune escape in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). AB680, an exceptionally potent and selective inhibitor of CD73, is administered in an early clinical trial, in conjunction with gemcitabine and anti‐PD‐1 therapy, for the treatment of PDAC. Nevertheless, the specific therapeutic efficacy and immunoregulation within the microenvironment of AB680 monotherapy in PDAC have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, AB680 exhibits a significant effect in augmenting the infiltration of responsive CD8+ T cells and prolongs the survival in both subcutaneous and orthotopic murine PDAC models. In parallel, it also facilitates chemotaxis of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by tumor‐derived CXCL5 in an AMP‐dependent manner, which may potentially contribute to enhanced immunosuppression. The concurrent administration of AB680 and PD‐1 blockade, rather than gemcitabine, synergistically restrain tumor growth. Notably, gemcitabine weakened the efficacy of AB680, which is dependent on CD8+ T cells. Finally, the supplementation of a CXCR2 inhibitor is validated to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy when combined with AB680 plus PD‐1 inhibitor. These findings systematically demonstrate the efficacy and immunoregulatory mechanism of AB680, providing a novel, efficient, and promising immunotherapeutic combination strategy for PDAC.
Metagenomic Insight into The Global Dissemination of The Antibiotic Resistome
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Nuohan , Lei Chaotang , Chen Bingfeng , Wang Tingzhang , Ma Yunting , Lu Tao , Penuelas Josep , Gillings Michael , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Fu Zhengwei , Qian Haifeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe global crisis in antimicrobial resistance continues to grow. Estimating the risks of antibiotic resistance transmission across habitats is hindered by the lack of data on mobility and habitat‐specificity. Metagenomic samples of 6092 are analyzed to delineate the unique core resistomes from human feces and seven other habitats. This is found that most resistance genes (≈85%) are transmitted between external habitats and human feces. This suggests that human feces are broadly representative of the global resistome and are potentially a hub for accumulating and disseminating resistance genes. The analysis found that resistance genes with ancient horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events have a higher efficiency of transfer across habitats, suggesting that HGT may be the main driver for forming unique but partly shared resistomes in all habitats. Importantly, the human fecal resistome is historically different and influenced by HGT and age. The most important routes of cross‐transmission of resistance are from the atmosphere, buildings, and animals to humans. These habitats should receive more attention for future prevention of antimicrobial resistance. The study will disentangle transmission routes of resistance genes between humans and other habitats in a One Health framework and can identify strategies for controlling the ongoing dissemination and antibiotic resistance.
Illumination of Hydroxyl Radical in Kidney Injury and High‐Throughput Screening of Natural Protectants Using a Fluorescent/Photoacoustic Probe
Authors: Gao Han , Sun Lei , Li Jiwei , Zhou Qilin , Xu Haijun , Ma Xiao‐Nan , Li Renshi , Yu Bo‐Yang , Tian Jiangwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe hydroxyl radical (•OH) is shown to play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, the development of a robust •OH probe holds great promise for the early diagnosis of AKI, high‐throughput screening (HTS) of natural protectants, and elucidating the molecular mechanism of intervention in AKI. Herein, the design and synthesis of an activatable fluorescent/photoacoustic (PA) probe (CDIA) for sensitive and selective imaging of •OH in AKI is reported. CDIA has near‐infrared fluorescence/PA channels and fast activation kinetics, enabling the detection of the onset of •OH in an AKI model. The positive detection time of 12 h using this probe is superior to the 48‐hour detection time for typical clinical assays, such as blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine detection. Furthermore, a method is established using CDIA for HTS of natural •OH inhibitors from herbal medicines. Puerarin is screened out by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway to protect renal cells in AKI. Overall, this work provides a versatile and dual‐mode tool for illuminating the •OH‐related pathological process in AKI and screening additional compounds to prevent and treat AKI.
Pearl Powder Hybrid Bioactive Scaffolds from Microfluidic 3D Printing for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yang Lei , Fan Lu , Lin Xiang , Yu Yunru , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of bioactive scaffolds by mimicking bone tissue extracellular matrix is promising for bone regeneration. Herein, inspired by the bone tissue composition, a novel pearl powder (PP) hybrid fish gelatin methacrylate (GelMa) hydrogel scaffold loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for bone regeneration is presented. With the help of microfluidic‐assisted 3D printing technology, the composition and structure of the hybrid scaffold can be accurately controlled to meet clinical requirements. The combination of fish skin GelMa and PP also endowed the hybrid scaffold with good biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation ability. Moreover, the controlled release of VEGF enables the scaffold to promote angiogenesis. Thus, the bone regeneration in the proposed scaffolds could be accelerated under the synergic effect of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which has been proved in the rat skull defect model. These features indicate that the PP hybrid scaffolds will be an ideal candidate for bone regeneration in clinical applications.
Creating Designer Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Diverse Ligand Display, Target Recognition, and Controlled Protein Loading and Delivery
Authors: Ivanova Alena , Badertscher Lukas , O'Driscoll Gwen , Bergman Joakim , Gordon Euan , Gunnarsson Anders , Johansson Camilla , Munson Michael J. , Spinelli Cristiana , Torstensson Sara , Vilén Liisa , Voirel Andrei , Wiseman John , Rak Janusz , Dekker Niek , Lázaro‐Ibáñez Elisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEfficient and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents remains a bottleneck in modern medicine. Here, biochemical engineering approaches to advance the repurposing of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery vehicles are explored. Targeting ligands such as the sugar GalNAc are displayed on the surface of EVs using a HaloTag‐fused to a protein anchor that is enriched on engineered EVs. These EVs are successfully targeted to human primary hepatocytes. In addition, the authors are able to decorate EVs with an antibody that recognizes a GLP1 cell surface receptor by using an Fc and Fab region binding moiety fused to an anchor protein, and they show that this improves EV targeting to cells that overexpress the receptor. The authors also use two different protein‐engineering approaches to improve the loading of Cre recombinase into the EV lumen and demonstrate that functional Cre protein is delivered into cells in the presence of chloroquine, an endosomal escape enhancer. Lastly, engineered EVs are well tolerated upon intravenous injection into mice without detectable signs of liver toxicity. Collectively, the data show that EVs can be engineered to improve cargo loading and specific cell targeting, which will aid their transformation into tailored drug delivery vehicles.
A Simple Access to γ‐ and ε‐Keto Arenes via Enzymatic Divergent C─H Bond Oxyfunctionalization
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Zhang Yalan , Huang Yawen , Duan Peigao , Ge Ran , Han Xiaofeng , Zhang Wuyuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPerforming divergent C─H bond functionalization on molecules with multiple reaction sites is a significant challenge in organic chemistry. Biocatalytic oxyfunctionalization reactions of these compounds to the corresponding ketones/aldehydes are typically hindered by selectivity issues. To address these challenges, the catalytic performance of oxidoreductases is explored. The results show that combining the peroxygenase‐catalyzed propargylic C─H bond oxidation with the Old Yellow Enzyme‐catalyzed reduction of conjugated C─C triple bonds in one‐pot enables the regio‐ and chemoselective oxyfunctionalization of sp3 C─H bonds that are distant from benzylic sites. This enzymatic approach yielded a variety of γ‐keto arenes with diverse structural and electronic properties in yields of up to 99% and regioselectivity of 100%, which are difficult to achieve using other chemocatalysis and enzymes. By adjusting the C─C triple bond, the carbonyl group's position can be further tuned to yield ε‐keto arenes. This enzymatic approach can be combined with other biocatalysts to establish new synthetic pathways for accessing various challenging divergent C─H bond functionalization reactions.
Embodying Multifunctional Mechano‐Intelligence in and Through Phononic Metastructures Harnessing Physical Reservoir Computing
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Deshmukh Aditya , Wang Kon‐Well 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent advances in autonomous systems have prompted a strong demand for the next generation of adaptive structures and materials to possess built‐in intelligence in their mechanical domain, the so‐called mechano‐intelligence (MI). Previous MI attempts mainly focused on specific case studies and lacked a systematic foundation in effectively and efficiently constructing and integrating different intelligent functions. Here, a new approach is uncovered to create multifunctional MI in adaptive structures using physical reservoir computing (PRC). That is, to concurrently embody computing power and the key elements of intelligence, namely perception, decision‐making, and commanding, directly in the mechanical domain, advancing from conventional reliance on add‐on computers and massive electronics. As an exemplar platform, a mechanically intelligent phononic metastructure is developed by harnessing its high‐degree‐of‐freedom nonlinear dynamics as PRC power. Through analyses and experiments, multiple intelligent structural functions are demonstrated ranging from self‐tuning wave controls to wave‐based logic gates. This research provides the much‐needed basis for creating future smart structures and materials that greatly surpass the state of the art—such as lower power consumption, more direct interactions, and better survivability in harsh environments or under cyberattacks. Moreover, it enables the addition of new functions and autonomy to systems without overburdening the onboard computers.