bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption among adolescents in Ontario, Canada (2001–2019)
Authors: Imtiaz Sameer , Nigatu Yeshambel T. , Sanches Marcos , Ali Farihah , Boak Angela , Douglas Laura , Hamilton Hayley A. , Rehm Jürgen , Rueda Sergio , Schwartz Robert M. , Wells Samantha , Elton‐Marshall Tara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionCannabis legalisation was enacted on 17 October 2018 in Canada. Accordingly, the effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were examined among adolescents, including on cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence.MethodsData from a biennial population‐based, cross‐sectional survey of students in Ontario were pooled in a pre‐post design (2001‐2019; N = 89,238). Participants provided self‐reports of cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence. Long‐term trends in these patterns of cannabis consumption over two decades of observation were characterised to provide a broader context of usage. The effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were quantified using logistic regression analyses.ResultsLong‐term trends over the two decades of observation indicated that cannabis initiation decreased and then increased (p = 0.0220), any cannabis use decreased and daily cannabis use decreased (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively) and cannabis dependence remained unchanged (p = 0.1187). However, in comparisons between the pre‐cannabis legalisation period (2001–2017) and the post‐cannabis legalisation period (2019), cannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval 1.00; 0.79–1.27), but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use (1.31; 1.12–1.53), daily cannabis use (1.40; 1.09–1.80) and cannabis dependence (1.98; 1.29–3.04).Discussion and ConclusionsCannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation, but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence.
Continuous glucose monitoring in older adults with diabetes: Data from the diabetes prospective follow‐up (DPV) registry
Authors: Grammes Jennifer , Schmid Stefanie , Bozkurt Latife , Heinemann Lutz , Hess Gregor , Kubiak Thomas , Küstner Eva , Priesterroth Lilli‐Sophie , Stahl Christian , Holl Reinhard W. ,   for the DPV initiative
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo analyse predictors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in people with diabetes aged ≥60 years using insulin therapy and to assess the rates of CGM use during recent years (2019–2021).Research Design and MethodsProspective study including 6849 individuals with diabetes and insulin therapy (type 2 diabetes: n = 5320; type 1 diabetes: n = 1529) aged ≥60 years. Data from 129 treatment centres were retrieved from the Diabetes Prospective Follow‐up Registry (DPV) in March 2023.ResultsSensor use in individuals aged ≥60 years has increased in type 1 (2019: 28%, 2020: 39%, 2021: 45%) and type 2 diabetes (2019: 10%, 2020: 16%, 2021: 18%). Predictors for sensor use in older individuals with type 1 diabetes are younger age and CSII use (p < 0.001). Predictors in older individuals with type 2 diabetes are younger age, longer diabetes duration, higher BMI and CSII use (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCGM has become more common in older adults with diabetes and will presumably increase further. Age is a predictor for sensor use in older adults with diabetes. Age‐related physical barriers and insufficient usability of devices, lack of interest in technologies, but possibly also effects of prejudice on the grounds of age may contribute to this finding.
How Much Moral Psychology Does Anyone Need? Tolstoy's Examples of Character Development and Their Impact on Readers
Authors: Moulin Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNothing was more important to Tolstoy than character development. For him, the purpose of life is to grow morally. The purpose of literature — as all art — is to aid that growth. Abstract philosophy and pedantic scholarship are therefore redundant. Indeed, even the psychological novel is a distraction. Moral truths are self‐evident. They are always simple. They are expressed by the humble. They are known by the meek. To become good, all we need to do is peel back the layers of hypocrisy and deceit that have overwrought us. Moral truths are known all over the world, but they are forgotten or covered up. There is nothing like a folktale, a pithy aphorism, or the words of a farm laborer or child to point this out. We may be surprised by what we already know and how deceived we were. All Tolstoy's varied endeavors, his literature, pedagogic theory and philosophy, center on moral conversion and its only legitimate motivation: love. Tolstoy's affront on modern civilization, documented vehemently in his later works sought to teach this lesson. This was a view of character development that had wide ranging impact all over the world, influencing many of the most famous thinkers, educators, and activists of the twentieth century. Tolstoy's stories continue to enthrall and inspire moral transformation. In this article Daniel Moulin explains why.
The disease burden of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in Denmark: Epidemiology, survival, healthcare resource utilization, costs, treatment gaps, and labor market attachment
Authors: Rich Carly , Wilson Koo , Olsen Jens , Pedersen Mikkel , Frederiksen Henrik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo establish epidemiology, healthcare costs, and labor market attachment in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (Pt‐PNH) in Denmark.MethodsData were from Statistics Denmark and the Danish Health Data Authority national population registers (2005–2021). Descriptive baseline statistics characterized the Pt‐PNH analytic population; ordinary least squares and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regressions measured outcomes in the Pt‐PNH versus Danish general population matched comparators.ResultsOverall PNH incidence in Denmark was n = 11 during 2007–2009, n = 25 during 2016–2018 and n = 7 during 2019–2020; prevalence increased from n = 13 in 2006 to n = 62 in 2021. Of the overall n = 85 Pt‐PNH; n = 24 were treated with complement‐5 inhibitors (Pt‐C5i) and n = 61 not treated with C5i (Pt‐nC5i). Versus respective comparators, all patients had significantly greater annual per‐patient costs (from inpatient hospital admissions, outpatient contacts, PNH treatments; indirect costs from lost earnings + transfer payments; post‐diagnosis for Pt‐PNH and Pt‐nC5i, post‐treatment initiation for Pt‐C5i). The Pt‐C5i incurred the greatest healthcare and indirect cost differences (€709 119; €152 832, respectively) followed by the Pt‐PNH (€189 323; €29 159, respectively) and Pt‐nC5i (€95 548; €4713, respectively). The Pt‐PNH versus comparators also had an increased hazard of death (2.71 [95% CI, 1.63 − 4.51]).ConclusionAlthough a rare disease, PNH is associated with significant patient, healthcare system, and societal burdens in Denmark.
Multiple corporate and functional performance feedback and problemistic search
Authors: Syrigos Evangelos D. , Kostopoulos Konstantinos C. , Mammassis Constantinos S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examine how decision makers assess and respond to more than two performance feedback regarding goals across different hierarchical levels. Building on Cyert and March's seminal work and later research on pattern perception, we argue that pattern simplicity and pattern predictability of multiple (functional) feedback help decision makers to better guide problemistic search and generate more plausible solutions to fix a serious corporate performance shortfall. In a longitudinal sample of 97 global incumbent pharmaceutical firms, we find that a simpler and more predictable set of functional performance signals strengthens the relationship between poor performance on a corporate goal (i.e., ROA) and the number of functional solutions (i.e., number of new product development projects) that a firm initiates. We discuss the implications of our findings to the performance feedback and managerial search literature.
Hyponatremia is associated with unfavorable outcomes after reperfusion treatment in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Pelouto Anissa , Reimer Jorieke , Hoorn Ewout J. , Zandbergen Adrienne A. M. , den Hertog Heleen M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIn patients with acute ischemic stroke, hyponatremia (plasma sodium < 136 mmol/L) is common and associated with unfavorable outcomes. However, data are limited for patients who underwent intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Therefore, our aim was to assess the impact of hyponatremia on postreperfusion outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed data of consecutive patients who presented with acute ischemic stroke and were treated with IVT and/or EVT at Isala Hospital, the Netherlands, in 2019 and 2020. The primary outcome measure was the adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) for a worse modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, in‐hospital mortality, infarct core, and penumbra volumes.ResultsOf the 680 patients (median age = 73 years, 49% female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale = 5), 430 patients (63%) were treated with IVT, 120 patients (18%) with EVT, and 130 patients (19%) with both. Ninety‐two patients (14%) were hyponatremic on admission. Hyponatremia was associated with a worse mRS score at 3 months (acOR = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–2.76) and in‐hospital mortality (aOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.23–4.67), but not with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.39–3.47). Hyponatremia was also associated with a larger core (17.2 mL, 95% CI = 2.9–31.5) and core to penumbra ratio (55.0%, 95% CI = 7.1–102.9).ConclusionsAdmission hyponatremia in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with IVT and/or EVT was independently associated with unfavorable postreperfusion outcomes, a larger infarct core, and a larger core to penumbra ratio. Future studies should address whether correction of hyponatremia improves the prognosis.
Antimicrobial use as an adjunctive treatment in dental‐related sinusitis in horses: A systematic review
Authors: Souza Gabryela Brinhol , Mendes Rubens Peres , de Souza Anderson Fernando , Corrêa Rodrigo Romero 
Published: November 2023

SummaryDental‐related sinusitis is a common condition in horses and often involves polymicrobial infection. Tooth extraction followed by sinus lavage and debridement are the recommended treatment. However, infection may persist or recur due to incomplete removal of infected material or, in rare cases, potential antimicrobial resistance. Although the use of antibiotics may be considered, evidence supporting their indication is scarce. This systematic literature review sets out to examine existing evidence supporting the use of antimicrobial therapy in dental‐related sinusitis in horses. Five articles (retrospective studies, prospective studies and case series) were included. Doxycycline, sulphadiazine‐trimethoprim, metronidazole and procaine benzylpenicillin combined with neomycin were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Oxytetracycline, gentamicin and cephazolin were used to a lesser extent. Two or more active pharmaceutical substances were often combined. In all studies, antimicrobial therapy was used as an ancillary strategy and criteria for drug selection were not reported. This review highlighted the scarcity of evidence supporting the use of antimicrobials in horses with dental‐related sinusitis. In cases with positive clinical outcomes, it was not possible to determine whether clinical improvement was due to antibiotics or other therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the actual contribution of antimicrobials could not be established.
Sex differences in the reciprocal relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms among older adults with diabetes: Using a nationwide population‐based sample
Authors: Kang Gyeong A , Won Chang Won , Kim Miji , Yoon Ju Young 
Published: November 2023

AimAs life expectancy increases worldwide, the prevalence and the disease burden of diabetes in older adults are also increasing. This study aimed to examine sex differences in the reciprocal relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms among older adults with diabetes by using longitudinal data at two timepoints.MethodsWave 1 (W1, 2016–2017) and wave 2 (W2, 2018–2019) data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study were used. Finally, 416 older adults with diabetes who satisfied the inclusion criteria were analyzed (215 males, 201 females). The reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels was examined using a cross‐lagged panel model.ResultsHbA1c levels and depressive symptoms at earlier time points were the most significant factors contributing to HbA1c levels and depressive symptoms at later timepoints. The relationship between HbA1c level and depressive symptoms differed according to sex. The cross‐path from depressive symptoms (W1) to HbA1c levels (W2) was positively statistically significant in males (β = 0.18, SD = 0.05, P = 0.001). The path from HbA1c levels (W1) to depressive symptoms (W2) was positively statistically significant in females (β = 0.12, SD = 0.06, P = 0.032).ConclusionsEarly management of blood glucose levels and depressive symptoms is important in older adults with diabetes. Moreover, glycemic control through social activities in the community could be effective in relieving depressive symptoms in older females with diabetes, and managing depressive symptoms and glucose levels together could be effective in glycemic control in older males with diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 32–39.
Determination of Trace Se and Te in Geological Samples by Photochemical Vapour Generation Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Yonghai , Han Zhixuan , Yang Feng , Yu Hongxia , Zhang Yinhui , Wen Meilan 
Published: November 2023

An analytical method to accurately determine trace levels of Se and Te is essential to meet the growing importance of these elements to Earth science research. Herein, an in‐house assembled photochemical vapour generation (PVG) unit, instead of normal sample nebulisation, with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), was developed for the detection of Se and Te in geological samples. The major parameters that might potentially influence the PVG efficiencies of Se(IV) and Te(IV) were investigated. The unit could fully generate volatile species under 30 s of ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of 15% v/v formic acid, 15% v/v acetic acid and 50 mg l‐1 of Co2+. Under optimised conditions, the limit of detections (LODs, 3s, n = 11) of the proposed method were 0.5 ng l‐1 for Se and 0.6 ng l‐1 for Te. The RSDs of Se and Te were 2.0% and 2.3% (1 μg l‐1, n = 7), respectively. Interference experiments showed that Fe, Ti, V and Cu have certain negative effects, so the standard addition method was used for real sample analysis. Measurement results for eleven CRMs, including soils (GSS‐4, GSS‐7), sediments (GSD‐9, GSD‐10) and rocks (GSR‐1, GSR‐2, GSR‐3, GSR‐5, AGV‐2, GSP‐2 and W‐2a), were consistent with literature values, and showed better precision, indicating the feasibility of the proposed method for determination of trace Se and Te in geological samples.
N‐acetyl‐L‐hydroxyproline – A potent skin anti‐ageing active preventing advanced glycation end‐product formation in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Knoblich Chiara , Dunckelmann Katja , Krüger Andrea , Küper Thomas , Blatt Thomas , Weise Julia M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) represent a large group of compounds generated by a non‐enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups. The formation and accumulation of AGEs in the skin lead to protein crosslinking, dermal stiffening and yellowing, which ultimately contribute to cutaneous ageing. Amino acids have been described to exhibit anti‐glycation effects. The objective of this study was to understand the inhibitory role of the amino acid derivative N‐acetyl‐L‐hydroxyproline (NAHP) as an anti‐glycation active for human skin.MethodsA cell‐free assay investigating the inhibition of glycation of serum albumin by NAHP was used to determine the capability of NAHP to decrease AGE formation. Also, by assessing the amount of the AGE N‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) the anti‐glycation abilities of NAHP were investigated utilizing dot blot analysis. The improvement of cell–matrix interaction by NAHP was determined in vitro using a glycated fibroblast‐populated collagen lattice (FPCL) dermis model. In skin biopsies, AGE autofluorescence was determined after treatment with NAHP and/or glucose ex vivo.ResultsNAHP significantly and dose‐dependently inhibited levels of AGEs, which were induced by the glycation of a protein solution. This decrease could be visualized by showing that the brownish appearance as well as the AGE‐specific fluorescence of glucose‐treated samples were reduced after the application of increasing amounts of NAHP. Also, CML formation was dose‐dependently inhibited by NAHP. In FPCLs, the contractile capacity of fibroblasts was significantly disturbed after glycation. This could be prevented by the addition of NAHP. Compared to glyoxal‐treated samples, the co‐application of NAHP significantly decreased the diameter as well as the weight of glycated FPCLs. Ex vivo application of glucose to skin explants showed a higher AGE fluorescence signal compared to control explants. Co‐treatment with NAHP and glucose decreased the level of AGE fluorescence in comparison to glucose‐treated explants.ConclusionThese data provide clear evidence that under glycation stress conditions treatment with NAHP inhibited AGE formation in vitro and ex vivo and prevented the loss of cellular contractile forces in a glycated dermis model. Thus, NAHP obviously provides a beneficial treatment option to counteract AGE‐related changes in human skin such as dermal stiffening and yellowish skin appearance.
Hydrolytic and antioxidant activities of pork loin protein hydrolysates treated with various freeze‐dried kiwifruit powders during incubation
Authors: Kim Haeun , Chin Koo Bok 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the protease activity of freeze‐dried kiwifruits as affected by the various colours and the antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysates from pork loin protein (sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins) containing different freeze‐dried kiwifruit powder during incubation times. The protease activity of freeze‐dried kiwifruit powders was determined using casein and meat protein as substrates. Gold and green kiwifruit powders showed higher protease activity than red kiwifruit powders. Each type of kiwifruit showed different hydrolysis degrees for myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. The myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins with kiwifruit powder showed increased antioxidant activity compared to the control. The protein hydrolysates obtained from pork loins treated with green and gold kiwifruit powders increased antioxidant activity with increased incubation time. These results suggested that the protein hydrolysates of pork loins containing freeze‐dried kiwifruit powders had potential antioxidant activity, resulting in maintaining meat product quality during storage.
Enzymatic hydrolysis for functionalisation of watermelon seed protein from ultrasound‐assisted extraction in comparison to soy protein isolate
Authors: Şenol Ezgi , Özçelik Beraat , Neidhart Sybille , Leitenberger Martin , Jekle Mario 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe functional characteristics of a watermelon seed protein isolate (UA‐WSPI), which resulted from an underutilised protein source by ultrasound‐assisted extraction and freeze‐drying, and a commercial spray‐dried soy protein isolate were compared. Both were enzymatically treated with pepsin plus trypsin (PT) or additionally with PT plus Alcalase (PAT) for functionalisation by obtaining different partial hydrolysates. Composition, DPPH scavenging activity, digestibility and technological functionality (such as dispersibility, water‐/oil‐holding capacity, and zeta potential) were analysed for each protein isolate and the hydrolysates. UA‐WSPI had advantages such as higher protein solubility. Enzymatic digestion of UA‐WSPI resulted in the highest peptide yields and degrees of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis by the PT treatment even increased the antioxidant activity and emulsifying properties of the hydrolysate compared to UA‐WSPI, whereas the soy protein isolates yielded hydrolysates of lowered antioxidant activity. Watermelon seeds proved to yield protein isolates as new functional food components, especially when applying appropriate enzyme combinations.
Renunciar al puesto o reducir jornada. Disparidad de género en los procesos de reestructuración empresarial
Authors: LAMBERT Anne , REMILLON Delphine , SEGÚ Mariona 
Published: November 2023

ResumenLa bibliografía sobre disparidad de género en casos de reestructuración empresarial suele abordar el sesgo impuesto verticalmente. En cambio, aquí se analiza por qué la autoselección sigue produciendo desigualdad. Tras estudiar el caso de una compañía aérea, se concluye que los hombres tienden más a aceptar el cese voluntario y menos a adoptar una jornada a tiempo parcial bonificada. Las mujeres trabajan a tiempo parcial para mejorar su conciliación; los hombres se muestran más sensibles a los incentivos económicos y más dispuestos a reorientarse hacia una actividad secundaria. La reestructuración amplifica la vulne‐rabilidad femenina en el mercado laboral, incluso si se enmarca en planes de cese voluntario.
Natural bamboo‐derived NbC nanowires for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Wen Lanchao , Zhang Jiaxin , Guan Li , Zhu Yujie , Zhao Biao , Song Limeng , Zhu Xinkai , Zhang Rui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransition metal carbides (TMCs) are a class of materials with excellent dielectric properties and thermal stability, which exhibit enormous potential in high temperature electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA). However, the high dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of TMCs usually cause impedance mismatch, and their high density also prevents further practical applications. To solve these problems, the lightweight and impedance matching NbC nanowires (NbCnws) were prepared by using bamboo powder as a carbon source and subsequent carbothermal reduction reaction process. The as‐synthesized NbCnws all exhibit a low density of 0.23 g/cm3 and superior EMA performance. It is worth noting that the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the sample is −43.03 dB at 5.92 GHz and the corresponding matching thickness is only 3.7 mm when sintering temperature is 1500°C. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) performance is attributed to good impedance matching and strong dielectric loss. This research work provides a prospect for the development and utilization of one‐dimensional TMC materials in the field of microwave absorption materials.