bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of four rare strongylid species infecting endangered Przewalski’s horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Jia Huiping , Gao Sijia , Tang Liping , Fu Yajun , Xiong Yu , Ente Make , Mubalake Shalitanati , Shao Changliang , Li Kai , Hu Defu , Zhang Dong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) is the only surviving wild horse species in the world. A significant population of Przewalski's horses resides in Xinjiang, China. Parasitosis poses a considerable threat to the conservation of this endangered species. Yet, there is limited information on the nematode parasites that infect these species. To deepen our understanding of parasitic fauna affecting wild horses, we identified the intestinal nematodes of Przewalski’s horses in Xinjiang and added new barcode sequences to a public database.

Methods
Between 2018 and 2021, nematodes were collected from 104 dewormed Przewalski's horses in Xinjiang. Each nematode was morphologically identified to the species level, and selected species underwent DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was used for molecular identification through the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genetic marker.

Results
A total of 3758 strongylids were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify four specific parasitic nematodes (Oesophagodontus robustus, Bidentostomum ivashkini, Skrjabinodentus caragandicus, Petrovinema skrjabini) and to obtain the ITS2 genetic marker for P. skrjabini.

Conclusions
The ITS2 genetic marker for P. skrjabini enriches our understanding of the genetic characteristics of this species and expands the body of knowledge on parasitic nematodes. Our findings extend the known host range of four strongylid species, thereby improving our understanding of the relationship between Przewalski’s horses and strongylids. This, in turn, aids in the enhanced conservation of this endangered species. This study introduces new instances of parasitic infections in wild animals and offers the DNA sequence of P. skrjabini as a valuable resource for molecular techniques in nematode diagnosis among wildlife.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluating understandability and actionability of online education materials for home-care patients with COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Furukawa Emi , Okuhara Tsuyoshi , Okada Hiroko , Sawada Naomi , Kiuchi Takahiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
In Japan, educational materials on the home care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were developed owing to limited access to medical care during the pandemic. This study quantitatively evaluated the understandability, actionability, natural flow, and readability of 87 materials published by local governments in Japan for patients with COVID-19. Their understandability and actionability were rated using the Japanese version of the Patient Education Material Evaluation Tool for Printed Materials (PEMAT-P). Natural flow and readability were rated using Global Quality Score (GQS) and jReadability, respectively.

Results
Of the 87 materials, 55 (62.1%) were understandable and 33 (37.9%) were actionable according to the PEMAT-P. Regarding understandability, the materials used medical terms without providing definitions and lacked summaries. Regarding actionability, the materials did not demonstrate explicit steps or utilize visual aids to help the readers take action. The mean (SD) of GQS was 3.44 (0.98), indicating a moderate level of naturalness and comprehensiveness of the materials. The mean (SD) score for readability was 2.4 (0.6), indicating a “lower advanced” level. However, challenges regarding the materials’ plain language remained, such as defining medical terms, summarizing the content for understandability, and using charts and tables that encourage patients to act.
Ventricular septal defect associated with aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Haliti Edmond , Bytyçi Besim , Henein Michael Y. , Bajraktari Gani , Bytyçi Ibadete 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital cardiac anomalies. Patients with perimembranous VSD may have aortic regurgitation (AR) secondary to prolapse of the aortic cusp.

Case presentation
We present a case of 23-year-old White man with VSD, AR and ascending aortic aneurysm. The patient presented to outpatient clinic with weakness and gradual worsening shortness of breath for the past 5 years. Clinical examination revealed regular heart rhythm and loud continuous systolic-diastolic murmur (Lewin’s grade 6/6), heard all over the precordium, associated with a palpable thrill. The ECG showed right axis deviation, fractionated QRS in V1 and signs of biventricular hypertrophy. The chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms showed a perimembranous VSD with moderate restrictive shunt (Qp/Qs = 1.6), aortic regurgitation (AR), and ascending aortic aneurysm. Other clinical and laboratory findings were within normal limits.

Conclusions
Perimembranous VSD, may be associated with aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic aneurysm as secondary phenomenon if it is not early diagnosed and successfully treated.
Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for tendinopathy
Authors: Zhang Yuxiang , Ju Wei , Zhang Hong , Mengyun Liu , Shen Weiliang , Chen Xiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTendinopathy is a debilitating and crippling syndrome resulting from the degeneration of tendon tissue, leading to loss of mechanical properties and function, and eventual tendon rupture. Unfortunately, there is currently no treatment for tendinopathy that can prevent or delay its progression. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that transport bioactive substances produced by cells, such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and DNA. They can generate by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) throughout the body and play a role in intercellular communication and regulation of homeostasis. Recent research suggests that MSCs-derived exosomes (MSCs-exos) may serve as useful therapeutic candidates for promoting tendon healing. This review focuses on the function and mechanisms of MSCs-exos in tendinopathy treatment and discusses their potential application for treating this condition.
A new class of fractional inequalities through the convexity concept and enlarged Riemann–Liouville integrals
Authors: Hyder Abd-Allah , Barakat Mohamed A. , Soliman Ahmed H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFractional inequalities play a crucial role in building mathematical mechanisms and their related solution functions across the majority of practical science domains. A variety of mathematical disciplines are significantly impacted by convexity as well. In this article, we describe and verify many new fractional inequalities using a thorough kind of Riemann–Liouville integral and the convexity criterion of the functions. Our approach for dealing with fractional integral inequalities is clear and easy to use, and the current study is a new addition to the literature. Additionally, it is simple to observe that all the inequalities produced are extensive and may be broken down into several and different inequalities that were previously in the literature.
Diverse Xylaria in the Ecuadorian Amazon and their mode of wood degradation
Authors: Rajtar Nickolas N. , Kielsmeier-Cook Joshua C. , Held Benjamin W. , Toapanta-Alban Cristina E. , Ordonez Maria E. , Barnes Charles W. , Blanchette Robert A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Xylaria is a diverse and ecologically important genus in the Ascomycota. This paper describes the xylariaceous fungi present in an Ecuadorian Amazon Rainforest and investigates the decay potential of selected Xylaria species. Fungi were collected at Yasuní National Park, Ecuador during two collection trips to a single hectare plot divided into a 10-m by 10-m grid, providing 121 collection points. All Xylaria fruiting bodies found within a 1.2-m radius of each grid point were collected. Dried fruiting bodies were used for culturing and the internal transcribed spacer region was sequenced to identify Xylaria samples to species level. Agar microcosms were used to assess the decay potential of three selected species, two unknown species referred to as Xylaria 1 and Xylaria 2 and Xylaria curta, on four different types of wood from trees growing in Ecuador including balsa (Ochroma pyramidale), melina (Gmelina arborea), saman (Samanea saman), and moral (Chlorophora tinctoria). ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were used to test for differences in biomass lost between wood blocks inoculated with Xylaria and uninoculated control blocks. Scanning electron micrographs of transverse sections of each wood and assay fungus were used to assess the type of degradation present.

Results
210 Xylaria collections were sequenced, with 106 collections belonging to 60 taxa that were unknown species, all with less than 97% match to NCBI reference sequences. Xylaria with sequence matches of 97% or greater included X. aff. comosa (28 isolates), X. cuneata (9 isolates) X. curta and X. oligotoma (7 isolates), and X. apiculta (6 isolates)., All Xylaria species tested were able to cause type 1 or type 2 soft rot degradation in the four wood types and significant biomass loss was observed compared to the uninoculated controls. Balsa and melina woods had the greatest amount of biomass loss, with as much as 60% and 25% lost, respectively, compared to the controls.

Conclusions
Xylaria species were found in extraordinary abundance in the Ecuadorian rainforest studied. Our study demonstrated that the Xylaria species tested can cause a soft rot type of wood decay and with the significant amount of biomass loss that occurred within a short incubation time, it indicates these fungi likely play a significant role in nutrient cycling in the Amazonian rainforest.
Estimating frequency-dependent shear wave velocity in near-surface sediment based on seismic interferometry
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shi Yang , He Hongjun , Ji Hanwen , Miao Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNear-surface seismic shear wave is a basic tool for seismic investigations. However, its frequency-dependent property is not fully investigated, especially by the in situ observation method. Here, we develop the seismic interferometry with a moving frequency window to process the natural seismic signals recorded by the KiK-net network. It is observed that the phase velocity of the shear wave decreases sharply as the frequency increases in the low-frequency range, and remains constant in the high-frequency range. The observed dispersion phenomenon presents a challenge to existing site effect prediction theories, while also providing an observational reference for understanding how the shear wave propagates in near-surface sediment.
Graphical Abstract
The interplay of gender, motherhood, and the digital economy in China: exploring the experiences of urban mothers in WeChat businesses
Authors: Zhang Hong , Sun Xintuantuan , Ding Ziyao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there has been tremendous growth in the e-commerce industry in China. This study focuses on the experiences of urban mothers who engage in e-commerce on the WeChat platform. Through in-depth interviews with 35 urban mothers as digital laborers on WeChat, our findings reveal that career disruptions due to childbirth and the lack of public support for domestic care work often drive urban mothers to engage in e-commerce. However, only a small number of highly educated mothers who strategically exemplify the practices of intensive motherhood ideology are able to generate sufficient income. This study sheds light on the commercialization of the online mother communities on WeChat and how these communities reinforce the intensive motherhood ideology. The separation of the public and private spheres in China after the economic reforms has resulted in urban mothers with young children engaging in precarious digital work. Meanwhile, the commercialization of the private sphere has blurred the boundaries between the public and private spheres with market logic, further perpetuating gender inequalities in contemporary China. Further research is needed to understand the impact of the digital economy on female digital labor in China, especially for mothers with young children.
A high α1-antitrypsin/interleukin-10 ratio predicts bacterial pneumonia in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Miyazaki Taiga , Fukushima Kiyoyasu , Hashiguchi Kohji , Ide Shotaro , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Sawai Toyomitsu , Yatera Kazuhiro , Kohno Yoshihisa , Fukuda Yuichi , Futsuki Yoji , Matsubara Yuichi , Koga Hironobu , Mihara Tomo , Sasaki Eisuke , Ashizawa Nobuyuki , Hirayama Tatsuro , Takazono Takahiro , Yamamoto Kazuko , Imamura Yoshifumi , Kaku Norihito , Kosai Kosuke , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Current microbiological tests fail to identify the causative microorganism in more than half of all pneumonia cases. We explored biomarkers that could be used for differentiating between bacterial and viral pneumonia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods
In this prospective cohort study conducted in Japan, data obtained from adult patients with bacterial pneumonia, including bacterial and viral coinfections (bacterial pneumonia [BP] group), and purely viral pneumonia (VP group) at diagnosis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of bacterial pneumonia. Furthermore, a decision tree was developed using the predictors.

Results
A total of 210 patients were analyzed. The BP and VP groups comprised 108 and 18 patients, respectively. The other 84 patients had no identified causative microorganism. The two groups shared similar characteristics, including disease severity; however, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the two groups regarding sputum type; sputum volume score; neutrophil counts; and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and α1-antitrypsin (AAT). Sputum volume score (p < 0.001), IL-10 (p < 0.001), and AAT (p = 0.008) were ultimately identified as predictors of BP. The area under the curve for these three variables on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.927 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.881–0.974). The ROC curve for sputum volume score and an AAT/IL-10 ratio showed a diagnostic cutoff of 1 + and 65, respectively. Logistic regression analysis using dichotomized variables at the cutoff values showed that the odds ratios for the diagnosis of BP were 10.4 (95% CI: 2.2–50.2) for sputum volume score (absence vs. presence) and 19.8 (95% CI: 4.7–83.2) for AAT/IL-10 ratio (< 65 vs. ≥ 65).

Conclusions
Considering that obtaining a definitive etiologic diagnosis with the current testing methods is difficult and time consuming, a decision tree with two predictors, namely sputum volume and the AAT/IL-10 ratio, can be useful in predicting BP among patients diagnosed with CAP and facilitating the appropriate use of antibiotics.

Trial registration
UMIN000034673 registered on November 29, 2018.
A perspective on biodegradable polymer biocomposites - from processing to degradation
Authors: Laycock Bronwyn , Pratt Steven , Halley Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven the greater global awareness of environmental impacts of plastics and the need to develop alternative materials from renewable natural resources, there has been an increasing drive over recent years to develop biobased and biodegradable composites, especially those produced from agro-industrial waste and byproducts. This perspective provides a brief introduction to the field as well as discussing some of the critical aspects to be considered as we accelerate the development of these novel alternative materials for a range of applications.
Reflection seismic imaging of subsurface geologic structures in the Bayan Obo mining area, China
Authors: Zheng Yikang , Wang Yibo , Zhang Jien , Xu Ya , Zhao Liang 
Published: October 2023

A dense 2D seismic reflection survey was conducted at the Bayan Obo rare-earth-elements-Nb-Fe deposit in China to explore its geologic features and mineral endowment. A composite processing workflow was established for prestack depth imaging of this data set, which involved static correction to compensate for shifts caused by lateral inhomogeneities in near-surface layers and rugged topography. Standard methods were used to attenuate different types of noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data. A velocity model in the depth domain was obtained from refraction tomography and velocity analysis, and then used in migration. The preliminary interpretation of the final image revealed the mapping of mineralization at its true position in depth, indicating a relatively deep extension (approximately1.5 km). The results demonstrate the potential of seismic imaging as a complementary exploration tool to gravity and electromagnetic methods for mineral exploration purposes in the Bayan Obo mining area, providing a high-resolution seismic image and allowing for depth characterization of the mineral deposits. In addition, the images provide important information for guiding the selection of drilling borehole locations for deep exploration.
Association of health insurance coverage disruptions and breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening.
Authors: Shi Kewei Sylvia , Star Jessica , Zhao Jingxuan , Han Xuesong , Yabroff Robin 
Published: October 2023

116 Background: Health insurance coverage is critical for ensuring access to recommended health care in the United States. This study investigates the effects of insurance coverage disruptions on receipt of breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screenings. Methods: We identified adults <65 years eligible for breast, cervical and/or colorectal cancer screening from the 2015, 2019, and 2021 National Health Interview Survey (years cancer control supplements fielded). Adults were categorized into 5 groups based on insurance type at survey and prior coverage disruptions (lack of insurance during prior 12 months): private, with and without disruption; public, with and without disruption; and uninsured. Screening outcomes included: 1) past-year screening and 2) guideline-concordant screening, defined from the US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines available at the time of each survey. Separate multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of insurance coverage disruptions and cancer screening. Results: We identified 12,121 women aged 50-64 years eligible for breast cancer screening, 23,490 people aged 50-64 years eligible for colorectal cancer screening, and 33,391 women aged 21-64 years eligible for cervical cancer screening. Compared to people with continuous private or public coverage, people with coverage disruptions were less likely to receive past-year or guideline-concordant cancer screening (Table). People without health insurance coverage had the lowest level of screening. Among people with private coverage, disruptions were associated with lower guideline-concordant screening across all three cancer types in adjusted analyses (breast: AOR: 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.32, 0.63); colorectal: 0.49 (0.39, 0.62); cervical: 0.70 (0.58,0.84)); among people with public coverage, disruptions were associated with lower guideline-concordant breast cancer screening (AOR: 0.39 (0.23, 0.65)). Conclusions: Health insurance coverage disruptions were associated with lower past-year and guideline-concordant breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening. Findings underscore the importance of stable health insurance coverage as part of a comprehensive approach to improve cancer screening rates and early detection of cancers when treatment is most effective.[Table: see text]
Comprehensive review of patients with hematologic malignancies in a cancer urgent care center: A single center experience.
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Ali , Albusoul Linda , Ramanan Sruthi , Gutta Radhika , Springer Kylie , Rose Courtney M , Kuriakose Philip 
Published: October 2023

144 Background: Patients with hematological malignancies are subjected to unique disease and therapy related complications that can lead to a substantial burden for them and their site of care. The emergency department has been the main gateway to acute care delivery for cancer patients, however, more recently cancer urgent care centers have been established to meet their specific care needs. This study describes the demographics and disease related characteristics of patients presenting to cancer urgent care centers and whether the visit prevented utilization of the emergency department. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies seen in the cancer urgent care center at Henry Ford Cancer Institute between January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. We evaluated their demographics by race and gender, and then characterized them based on whether they were on active treatment during their visit, receiving standard of care or a clinical trial, and if they were early or late in their treatment course. Early treatment course was defined as within the first 2 cycles of therapy. We also evaluated the reason for their visit, and if an emergency department visit was prevented or not. Results: A total of 270 patients diagnosed with a hematological malignancy presented to the cancer urgent care center. 139 (51.5%) patients were male, and 141 (48.5%) were female. In terms of race, 145 (53.7%) were African American, followed by 72 (26.7%) Caucasian, with 53 (19.6%) of other races. The most common presenting reasons were gastrointestinal symptoms (63 patients [23.3%]), infectious symptoms (52 patients [19.3%]), and hematological symptoms (47 patients [17.4%]). 184 (68.1%) patients were on active treatment during their visit. Of these, 89 (33%) presented early in their treatment course. 227 patients (84%) were on standard of care treatment for their respective malignancy during the time of visit. 194 (71.9%) patient visits to the cancer urgent care prevented an emergency department visit. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates the major role of a cancer urgent care within a cancer care network. It showcases the large volume of patients with hematological malignancies that were seen in our cancer urgent care, and nearly 72% of these patients had an emergency department visit that was prevented. We will be further studying the seeming disparity in the racial proportion of such patients when compared to the race mix within the population as a whole.