bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel psychotherapies for insomnia
Authors: Angelillo Marie , Lancee Jaap , Hertenstein Elisabeth 
Published: February 2025

SummaryInsomnia disorder, characterized by a complaint of reduced sleep quality or quantity and associated daytime impairment, is highly prevalent and associated with reduced quality of life and productivity. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) is the current first‐line treatment for chronic insomnia disorder. Here, we outline our perspective for the future optimization of psychotherapeutic treatment for insomnia. We identified the following areas as the most promising: first, optimizing efficacy of the CBT‐I protocol; second, developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for non‐responders and partial responders; and third, advancing widespread implementation of psychotherapy for insomnia. More specifically, we outline how the current CBT‐I protocol could be optimized through an improved understanding of treatment mechanisms, and discuss the potential of adaptive treatment strategies. Another promising approach for improving the current CBT‐I protocol is using add‐ons such as physical exercise or circadian‐based interventions. Both may be promising in certain subgroups of patients with insomnia. In terms of non‐response, we identify acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia (ACT‐I) as a promising treatment for non‐responders to CBT‐I. ACT‐I, however, still needs to be evaluated in actual non‐responders to CBT‐I. Implementing CBT‐I in clinical practice is still one of the major challenges at hand. We outline how brief treatment, targeted treatment for challenging patient groups, and digital treatment may help improve implementation. For a future research agenda, we suggest that further research into treatment mechanisms, randomized–controlled trials in non‐responders to CBT‐I, and a focus on implementation science have a potential to bring the field forward.
Two antagonistic gene regulatory networks drive Arabidopsis root hair growth at low temperature linked to a low‐nutrient environment
Authors: Urzúa Lehuedé Tomás , Berdion Gabarain Victoria , Ibeas Miguel Angel , Salinas‐Grenet Hernán , Achá‐Escobar Romina , Moyano Tomás C. , Ferrero Lucia , Núñez‐Lillo Gerardo , Pérez‐Díaz Jorge , Perotti María Florencia , Miguel Virginia Natali , Spies Fiorella Paola , Rosas Miguel A. , Kawamura Ayako , Rodríguez‐García Diana R. , Kim Ah‐Ram , Nolan Trevor , Moreno Adrian A. , Sugimoto Keiko , Perrimon Norbert , Sanguinet Karen A. , Meneses Claudio , Chan Raquel L. , Ariel Federico , Alvarez Jose M. , Estevez José M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Root hair (RH) cells can elongate to several hundred times their initial size, and are an ideal model system for investigating cell size control. Their development is influenced by both endogenous and external signals, which are combined to form an integrative response. Surprisingly, a low‐temperature condition of 10°C causes increased RH growth in Arabidopsis and in several monocots, even when the development of the rest of the plant is halted.
Previously, we demonstrated a strong correlation between RH growth response and a significant decrease in nutrient availability in the growth medium under low‐temperature conditions. However, the molecular basis responsible for receiving and transmitting signals related to the availability of nutrients in the soil, and their relation to plant development, remain largely unknown.
We have discovered two antagonic gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlling RH early transcriptome responses to low temperature. One GNR enhances RH growth and it is commanded by the transcription factors (TFs) ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6), HAIR DEFECTIVE 6‐LIKE 2 and 4 (RSL2‐RSL4) and a member of the homeodomain leucine zipper (HD‐Zip I) group I 16 (AtHB16). On the other hand, a second GRN was identified as a negative regulator of RH growth at low temperature and it is composed by the trihelix TF GT2‐LIKE1 (GTL1) and the associated DF1, a previously unidentified MYB‐like TF (AT2G01060) and several members of HD‐Zip I group (AtHB3, AtHB13, AtHB20, AtHB23).
Functional analysis of both GRNs highlights a complex regulation of RH growth response to low temperature, and more importantly, these discoveries enhance our comprehension of how plants synchronize RH growth in response to variations in temperature at the cellular level.
Development and Validation of Parental Self‐Efficacy Scale for Dietary Management of Children with Food Allergies
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Yoo Seoyoung , Kim Jayun , Kim Yeji , Lee Yunna , Lim Chiehyeon , Kim Hyemee , Jung Minyoung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundIt is necessary to evaluate the parental ability to achieve nutritional adequacy while avoiding allergens for children with food allergies (FA), yet this area is currently understudies. Our study aimed to develop and validate the Parental Self‐Efficacy Scale for Dietary Management of Children with Food Allergies (PSED‐FA).MethodsPSED‐FA was developed through a literature review and semi‐structured interviews refined by a panel of five allergists and five dietitians, and validated using responses from caregivers of children with FA. The construction of the tool involved exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis for model fit, and evaluation of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed using the average variance extracted (AVE), maximum shared variance (MSV), and average shared variance (ASV).ResultsParticipants included nine focus interview groups, with 114 individuals in the validation group. Egg whites (55.2%), tree nuts (35.2%), and peanuts (22.8%) were the most common allergens. The EFA identified three factors: preparing allergen‐free meals, knowledge of nutrition management, and management of food restrictions. The goodness of fit of our model met all the criteria. The tool showed high internal consistency (overall Cronbach's alpha: 0.902) and met the criteria for both convergent (AVE >0.5) and divergent validity (AVE > MSV and ASV).ConclusionThis study validated a reliable and effective tool for assessing parental self‐efficacy in managing the dietary needs of children with FA. This tool can aid health professionals in evaluating parental confidence and identifying areas for improving dietary management in children with FA.
Phytochrome B‐mediated light signalling enhances rice resistance to saline‐alkaline and sheath blight by regulating multiple downstream transcription factors
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhou Tiange , Wu Xianxin , Kumar Vikranth , Lan Xingguo , Xuan Yuan Hu 
Published: February 2025

SummaryLight signalling regulates plant growth and stress resistance, whereas its mechanism in controlling saline‐alkaline tolerance (SAT) remains largely unknown. This study identified that light signalling, primarily mediated by Phytochrome B (PhyB), inhibited ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) to negatively regulate SAT. Our previous findings have shown that PhyB can impede the transcription factors indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10) and brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1) to reduce NH4+ uptake, thereby modulating SAT and sheath blight (ShB) resistance in rice. However, inhibition of IDD10 and BZR1 in the phyB background did not fully suppress NH4+ uptake, suggesting that other signalling pathways regulated AMT1 downstream of PhyB. Further analysis revealed that PhyB interacted with Calcineurin B‐like protein‐interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31), which positively regulated AMT1 expression. CIPK31 also interacted with Teosinte Branched1/Cycloidea/PCF19 (TCP19), a key regulator of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, PhyB neither degraded CIPK31 nor directly interacted with TCP19. Instead, PhyB inhibited the CIPK31‐TCP19 interaction, releasing TCP19, which repressed AMT1;2 directly and AMT1;1 and AMT1;3 indirectly, thereby inhibiting NH4+ uptake and SAT while reducing ShB resistance. Additionally, Phytochrome Interacting Factor‐Like 15 (PIL15) interacted with TCP19. Different from TCP19, PIL15 directly activated AMT1;2 to promote SAT, suggesting a balancing mechanism for NH4+ uptake downstream of PhyB. Furthermore, PIL15 interacted with IDD10 and BZR1 to form a transcriptional complex that collaboratively activated AMT1;2 expression. Overall, this study provides novel insights into how PhyB signalling regulates NH4+ uptake and coordinates SAT and ShB resistance in rice.
IMF Standby Agreements and Inequality: The Role of Informality
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun , Elveren Adem Yavuz 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe use a relatively large annual (unbalanced) cross‐country panel data set that includes the Gini index and the estimated household income inequality as the two relevant inequality metrics and covers the period from 1950 to 2018 for 159 countries, and we investigate the response of two inequality metrics to International Monetary Fund (IMF) standby programs. Our empirical analysis indicates that in countries where the informal sector size (as % GDP) is relatively larger, the extent of income inequality increases after IMF standby agreements. We also show that the opposite is true when the informal sector size is small, that is, inequality declines after these IMF programs.
Efficacy of a Rhythmic Gymnastics‐Specific Injury Prevention Program: An Assessor‐Blinded Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gram Marte Charlotte Dobbertin , Fagerland Morten Wang , Bø Kari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOveruse injuries are common among competitive rhythmic gymnasts, with an estimated weekly prevalence of 37% and with the knees, lower back, and hip/groin as the most common injury locations. Reduced physical capacity (e.g., strength and flexibility) has been hypothesized to contribute to the high prevalence of overuse injuries. The primary objective of this trial was to assess if exercises targeting reduced physical capacity in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin reduce the prevalence of overuse injuries compared with usual training. Twenty‐three rhythmic gymnastics clubs were cluster‐randomized to an intervention group (IG: 12 clubs and 119 gymnasts) and a control group (CG: 11 clubs and 86 gymnasts). Included gymnasts had to be ≥ 12 years of age and training ≥ 3 days per week. The IG performed a targeted injury prevention program (IPP) during training/warm‐up for 8 months (November 2022 to June 2023). The CG performed usual training. The prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations was measured monthly in both groups using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC‐H2). The response rate to OSTRC‐H2 was 94%. There was no difference in the prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations between the two groups; odds ratio = 0.86 (95% CI 0.32 to 2.29); p = 0.77 for intervention vs. control. The results suggest that a targeted IPP alone is not enough to prevent overuse injuries in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin among competitive rhythmic gymnasts. Other measures (e.g., load management and proper training planning) might be targeted in future studies.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05506579
Collaborative problem solving in science classrooms: Tools for developing 21st century skills
Authors: Negrón Jimena , López‐Cruz Mauricio , Felmer Patricio , Sepúlveda Carmen L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the relationship between interaction formats and collaborative problem‐solving (CPS) skills during guided inquiry activities in science classes. These science classes are conducted by teachers participating in a problem‐based professional development program. Seven teachers and 24 elementary school students (1st to 4th grade) participated in inquiry activities, which were videotaped. In the analysis of videos of seven groups of four students, it was found that students showed processes of socially shared regulation of learning, especially in participation formats in which the teacher interacts with the small group and when students develop the task autonomously. The quality of participation is observed in perspective taking, whereby students receive and express opinions while responding reciprocally, adopt productive conversations, formulate new contributions, and elaborate on each other's ideas. Likewise, in these activities, teachers provide scaffolding using questions that promote exploration and reasoning. These are central dimensions of dialogic learning, in which discourse progression is enhanced. These results contrast with previous studies in Chile, where it was found a predominance of structured interactions and a passive role of students at the same school levels.
Examining the ‘gendered’ places and spaces of UK doctoral education using multilevel modelling
Authors: Sheppard Laura Harriet , Reades Jonathan , Freeman Richard P. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearch on gender in higher education frequently focuses on micro‐ or macro‐scale factors—power relations and working practices, or disciplinary norms and the educational ‘pipeline’—overlooking the meso‐scale of ‘place’ embodied in departments and institutions. This study bridges that gap by applying data science and multilevel modelling within a quantitative feminist geographical framework to analyse gendered PhD completion patterns in the UK from 1990 to 2020. Using the British Library's E‐Thesis Online Service (EThOS), we identify ‘department‐like units’ as pivotal, accounting for 10.7% of the variation in the likelihood of a PhD student being female—more than any other grouping. Overall, STEM fields remain male‐skewed, while the Arts and Humanities, and Social Sciences show a female skew. Institutional histories and geography also matter: in Scottish and Northern Irish universities students are more likely to be female compared with English universities, while the likelihood in Wales is lower. The use of statistical methods through a feminist lens offers a foundation for targeted interventions: our results suggest a greater focus on departments in equality initiatives like Athena SWAN and adjustments to funding policies to enhance diversity in PhD cohorts, particularly in male‐dominated disciplines. Future work should integrate intersectional approaches to deepen understanding of these dynamics, but these findings emphasise the value of place‐based analysis in addressing gender disparities and guiding policy.
Size-Dependent Effects and Surface Roughness in Contact Mechanics
Authors: Li Chengya , Liang Xuanming , Yuan Weike , Ding Yue , Wang Gangfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the increasing miniaturization of mechanical systems and the prevalence of rough surfaces in engineering applications, understanding and accurately characterizing the contact response at small scales has become crucial. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of two significant aspects in the field of contact mechanics: the size-dependent response of single asperity due to strain gradients and surface effects, and the contact behavior of rough surfaces. The former forms the foundation for the latter analysis, as real surfaces are inherently rough and contact occurs at discrete asperities. At the microscale, strain gradients play a dominant role, as classical continuum mechanics fails to account for the intrinsic material length. Further downscaling to the nanoscale highlights the importance of surface effects due to the large surface-to-bulk ratio. The first section examines these distinct size-dependent effects and their implications for contact mechanics across different scales. The second section further focuses on the contact of rough surfaces, highlighting incremental contact models, contact behavior at large contact fraction where asperity interactions are significant, adhesive rough contact in soft materials, and experimental advances that improve the understanding and validation of these models. Together, these two topics underscore the need for refined theoretical and experimental approaches to accurately model and predict the contact behavior at small scales and with realistic multi-scale roughness.
A Novel Methodology for Improving Understanding of the Multiplanar Kinematics of the Human Cervical Spine
Authors: Coltoff Emma , Hezrony Benjamin S. , Marcet Paul A. , Wilson Jonathan L. , Brown Philip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The biomechanics of the spine are naturally multiplanar, but their experimental characterization remains primarily conducted in pure moment bending in anatomical planes: Flexion-Extension (FE) in the sagittal plane, Lateral Bending (LB) in the coronal plane, and Axial Rotation (AR) in the transverse plane. This leaves the biomechanical behavior between anatomical planes under-characterized. Computational tools for evaluating spinal implants and surgical treatments, like finite element models, are validated by comparison to experimental spinal loading. Thus, they are only able to represent spine behavior that is characterized through testing. A novel testing protocol was developed using a six-axis industrial robot to apply multiplanar experimental loading trajectories to characterize the spine's multiplanar behavior. One cadaveric cervical spinal specimen was loaded in combined FE and LB bending about the craniocaudal axis, capturing its multidimensional stiffness behavior at several hundred unique joint kinematic “poses” throughout the spine's physiologic range of motion. The multiplanar trajectories are designed to enable parameterization of spinal stiffness behavior at each pose to the kinematic trajectory taken to achieve the pose. Visualizing the multiplanar behavior of the spine also reveals spinal movement patterns that are not visible in planar bending alone. This method has elucidated that spinal stiffness under multiplanar loading cannot be inferred exclusively from behavior in planar loading, and that directionality of spinal loading has an impact on stiffness behavior. This information can be incorporated into finite element models and other tools for more robust predictions for spinal health.
Vibration Suppression and Trajectory Tracking With Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Urban Air Mobility Aircraft
Authors: Nunes Jessica , Su Weihua , He Tianyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper describes developing and simulating a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for a tiltrotor urban air mobility (UAM) aircraft. The aircraft’s free flight is governed by a set of nonlinear rigid-body dynamic equations, considering multiple tiltrotors and their gyroscopic and inertial effects. The control variables include two push rotors’ spin rates and the deflections of traditional control surfaces, including the elevator, aileron, and rudder. The performance of the NMPC is compared with the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and model predictive controller (MPC) for vibration suppression during the level flight. The NMPC and LQR can fully remove pitch angle oscillation and stabilize altitude in approximately 15 s. The MPC, while still able to reduce the rigid body vibration cannot fully remove the oscillation in 80 s. The NMPC and LQR are compared for lateral and longitudinal trajectory path tracking, with the NMPC showing better performance in both cases due to its ability to take into account the nonlinear nature of the aircraft flight dynamics and predict the vehicle’s future response when determining the best control inputs. Different from the vibration control case, the nonlinear nature of the aircraft flight dynamics should be accounted for by the controller design to properly track the ever-changing path reference, which is not the case for the LQR. While the NMPC has a higher computational cost, it demonstrates much better control performance than the MPC and LQR.
Learning battery model parameter dynamics from data with recursive Gaussian process regression
Authors: Aitio Antti , Joest Dominik , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Howey David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Estimating the state of health is a critical function of a battery management system, but remains challenging due to variability of operating conditions and usage requirements in real applications. As a result, existing techniques based on fitting equivalent circuit models may exhibit inaccuracy at extremes of performance and over long-term ageing, or instability of parameter estimates. Pure data-driven techniques, on the other hand, suffer from a lack of generality beyond their training dataset. Here, we propose a novel hybrid approach combining data- and model-driven techniques for battery health estimation, estimating both capacity loss and resistance increase. Specifically, we use a Bayesian method, Gaussian process regression, to estimate model parameters as functions of states, operating conditions, and lifetime. Computational efficiency is ensured by a recursive implementation, yielding a joint state-parameter estimator that learns parameter dynamics from data and is robust to gaps and varying operating conditions. Results show the efficacy of the method, on both simulated and measured drive cycle data, including accurate estimates and forecasts of battery capacity and internal resistance. This opens up new opportunities to understand battery ageing from field data.
Robust Fault Detection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Subject to Denial-of-Service Attacks
Authors: Pan Kunpeng , Yang Feisheng , Lyu Yang , Pan Quan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the flight of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), potential system faults can lead to mission failure or even crashes. Therefore, it is important to equip the ground control station (GCS) with a fault detection module. However, malicious attackers may launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to interfere with the network communication between UAVs and GCS, which can result in the failure of the fault detection mechanism. This study presents a robust fault detection scheme for UAVs in the presence of DoS attacks. Specifically, a fault detection filter (FDF) is devised to produce residual signals, while a resilient event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is implemented to enhance network bandwidth utilization efficiency and alleviate the adverse effects of DoS attacks. By considering the H∞ performance index and analyzing the exponential stability of the switching residual system, the event triggering parameters and the filter gain matrix are obtained.Furthermore, a detection logic utilizing residuals and thresholds is introduced to facilitate fault detection. Simulation results confirm the viability of this fault detection approach, which is grounded in a resilient event trigger mechanism.