bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the Prevalence of Feeding Tube Placement Errors and What are the Associated Risk Factors?
Authors: Ellett Marsha L. Cirgin 
Published: April 2004

Abstract(1) Enteral nutrition, given through feeding tubes to patients with intact gastrointestinal tracts who are unable to eat enough orally to sustain themselves, remains an important component of supportive care. Feeding by a soft, small‐bore tube passed through the nose or mouth is a more cost‐effective means of providing enteral nutrition than either percutaneously or surgically placed gastrostomy tubes or central venous catheters. However, tube feeding is not without problems. The prevalence of tube placement errors reported in the literature varies from 1.3% to 50% in adults. Transpyloric tubes are difficult to place initially and correct positioning is also difficult to maintain. All types of small‐bore tubes dislocate easily, frequently with no outward sign that the dislocation has occurred.(2) Risk factors found to be related to feeding tube misplacement on insertion in adults include altered level of consciousness, altered swallowing mechanisms, and upper airway intubation. Those related to spontaneous tube displacement include altered level of consciousness, upper airway intubation, coughing, tracheal suctioning, and restlessness.
The Research Basis for Prevention of Preterm Delivery in Twin Gestations
Authors: Ruiz R. Jeanne , Brown Charles E.L. , Kirk Patrice A. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract(1) The purpose of this review is to explore interventions to improve the preterm delivery (PTD) rate in twin gestations. The increased mortality rate of twin gestations is strongly associated with low birth weight and PTD. Current evidence‐based interventions such as specialized, comprehensive care by a consistent provider (such as an advanced practice nurse) should be implemented. Research is still needed for improved early detection and interventions to decrease risk factors for PTD. Nursing research is challenged to further develop interventions to improve perinatal outcomes in twin gestations and to decrease the burdens of premature delivery for our nation.
Effect of Polymerization Degree on Building-up Helical Structure of Oligo(l-lactic acid)
Authors: Kimura Tatsumi , Fukuda Takashi , Shimada Satoru , Matsuda Hiro 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
We synthesized oligo(l-lactic acid) with almost mono dispersion by using GPC fractionation technique, and could confirm from the circular-dichroic spectra that the number of repeating units of 8 to 10 was enough to build up the helical structure.
CAP Forum on Enron: Former Audit Firm Personnel as CFOs: Effect on Earnings Management*
Authors: DOWDELL THOMAS D. , KRISHNAN JAGAN 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTCorporate hiring of former audit personnel to fill key financial positions is a practice that has attracted attention from the media, the accounting profession, and regulators. The concern is that the former external auditor who now holds a key position with the client may be able to circumvent the audit or exert pressure on the audit team and adversely influence audit quality.We compare a sample of 172 test companies that appointed to the position of chief financial officer (CFO) personnel who are former employees of the companies' auditors, with a control sample of companies that appointed new CFOs who were not affiliated with their auditors. We investigate whether the level of discretionary accruals is greater for the test sample compared with the control sample during the two years following appointment of the CFO. Both univariate and multivariate results for signed discretionary accruals suggest some support for the hypothesis that firms with affiliated CFOs are associated with greater earnings management than firms with unaffiliated CFOs. Furthermore, the results for signed discretionary accruals suggest that the association is stronger for nonpartners who moved from the audit firm to the client with little or no time gap. On average, the results for absolute discretionary accruals do not suggest differences in earnings management between affiliated and unaffiliated CFOs. However, they do indicate some earnings management relative to unaffiliated CFOs by CFOs who had little or no time gap between leaving the audit firm and joining the client firm, although at a weaker level of significance.
Short-Term Cardiovascular Complications in Dermatology Patients Receiving JAK-STAT Inhibitors
Authors: Ireland Patrick A. , Jansson Nicholas , Spencer Sascha K. R. , Braden Jorja , Sebaratnam Deshan 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceEvolving evidence suggests that patients receiving Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription inhibitors (JAK-STATi) may be at higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Most existing literature has focused on indications that may confer a higher MACE and VTE risk than that among patients with isolated dermatological indications.ObjectiveTo evaluate risk of MACE, VTE, serious adverse events (SAEs), and tolerability of systemic JAK-STATi compared with placebo, in those with a dermatologic indication.Data SourcesA systematic review of the literature was carried out to June 2023, using databases Embase, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library of Registered Trials, and registered Clinical Trials. The analysis was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. The analysis itself took place in June 2023.Study SelectionPlacebo-controlled randomized clinical trials that compared systemic JAK-STATi with placebo, and investigated the safety in patients with alopecia areata, psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus or hidradenitis suppurativa.Data Extraction and SynthesisStudy selection and data extraction by 2 authors working independently using a standardized template. Crude numbers for MACE, VTE, SAEs, and study discontinuation due to treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were pooled and underwent meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence of MACE, VTE, SAE, and study discontinuation due to TEAEs. Analysis of these values against person exposure years to determine the incidence rate (IR). Risk ratios (RRs) compared incidence rates among treatment and placebo comparator arms.ResultsForty-five randomized clinical trials were eligible for inclusion, with 12 996 patients receiving active JAK-STATi therapy and 4925 allocated to placebo treatment. Meta-analysis found no significant increase in MACE (I2 = 0.00%; RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28-0.80) or VTE (I2 = 0.00%; RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.80) between placebo and JAK-STATi comparator arms. There was also no significant difference in SAEs (I2 = 12.38%; RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.72-1.20) and discontinuations between JAK-STATi and placebo (I2 = 23.55%; RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.76-1.19).Conclusions and RelevanceThis meta-analysis did not identify a significant increase in the risk of MACE and VTE in dermatology patients receiving JAK-STATi for median duration of 16 weeks. The results of this review suggest there is insufficient evidence that JAK-STATi confer an increased risk of cardiovascular complications in dermatological patients, especially when used for short time frames.
Live Birth After Oocyte Donation In Vitro Fertilization Cycles in Women With Endometriosis
Authors: Paffoni Alessio , Casalechi Maíra , De Ziegler Dominique , Cicinelli Ettore , Somigliana Edgardo , Viganò Paola , Vitagliano Amerigo 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceAlthough multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the infertility related to endometriosis, there are no conclusive data on the association of endometriosis with endometrial receptivity. The oocyte donation model in assisted reproduction technology (ART) cycles can clarify this issue.ObjectiveTo explore the association of a history of endometriosis with ART outcomes in recipients of oocyte donation.Data SourcesIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, electronic databases were searched from inception until August 31, 2023, using combinations of relevant keywords. Moreover, we retrieved data from the databases of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) in the US and the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) in the United Kingdom.Study SelectionObservational studies were included if they investigated the impact of endometriosis on ART outcomes with donor oocytes.Data Extraction and SynthesisPublicly available data related to ART from various sources were gathered, and a retrospective aggregate and nonaggregate analysis using registries of in vitro fertilization cycles with oocyte or embryo donation was conducted.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR) following oocyte donor cycles. The effect measures of comparisons between groups are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% CI.ResultsThis study analyzed 7212 oocyte donation cycles from 4 studies for the meta-analysis, along with 162 082 cycles from 2 registries (137 182 from SART and 24 900 from HFEA). No significant differences between the groups were observed in the meta-analysis of published data after adjusting for confounding factors (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.19-1.57). A statistically significant lower LBR was identified in women with endometriosis when analyzing the aggregate data from SART and HFEA databases (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found a modest decrease in LBR among women with a history of endometriosis, although only results from the pooled analysis of registry data and not those from the meta-analysis reached statistical significance. These findings suggest that a marginal impairment of uterine receptivity may contribute to infertility mechanisms in women affected by endometriosis.
Worldwide Prevalence and Disability From Mental Disorders Across Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Kieling Christian , Buchweitz Claudia , Caye Arthur , Silvani Juliana , Ameis Stephanie H. , Brunoni André R. , Cost Katherine T. , Courtney Darren B. , Georgiades Katholiki , Merikangas Kathleen Ries , Henderson Joanna L. , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Rohde Luis Augusto , Salum Giovanni A. , Szatmari Peter 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceThe period from childhood to early adulthood involves increased susceptibility to the onset of mental disorders, with implications for policy making that may be better appreciated by disaggregated analyses of narrow age groups.ObjectiveTo estimate the global prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with mental disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) across 4 age groups using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData from the 2019 GBD study were used for analysis of mental disorders and SUDs. Results were stratified by age group (age 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, and 20 to 24 years) and sex. Data for the 2019 GBD study were collected up to 2018, and data were analyzed for this article from April 2022 to September 2023.ExposureAge 5 to 9 years, 10 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years, and 20 to 24 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UIs) and number of YLDs.ResultsGlobally in 2019, 293 million of 2516 million individuals aged 5 to 24 years had at least 1 mental disorder, and 31 million had an SUD. The mean prevalence was 11.63% for mental disorders and 1.22% for SUDs. For the narrower age groups, the prevalence of mental disorders was 6.80% (95% UI, 5.58-8.03) for those aged 5 to 9 years, 12.40% (95% UI, 10.62-14.59) for those aged 10 to 14 years, 13.96% (95% UI, 12.36-15.78) for those aged 15 to 19 years, and 13.63% (95% UI, 11.90-15.53) for those aged 20 to 24 years. The prevalence of each individual disorder also varied by age groups; sex-specific patterns varied to some extent by age. Mental disorders accounted for 31.14 million of 153.59 million YLDs (20.27% of YLDs from all causes). SUDs accounted for 4.30 million YLDs (2.80% of YLDs from all causes). Over the entire life course, 24.85% of all YLDs attributable to mental disorders were recorded before age 25 years.Conclusions and RelevanceAn analytical framework that relies on stratified age groups should be adopted for examination of mental disorders and SUDs from childhood to early adulthood. Given the implications of the early onset and lifetime burden of mental disorders and SUDs, age-disaggregated data are essential for the understanding of vulnerability and effective prevention and intervention initiatives.
Using standardized workflows and quantitative data‐driven management to reduce time interval from simulation to treatment initiation
Authors: Yu Naichang , LaHurd Danielle , Mastroianni Anthony , Magnelli Anthony , Tendulkar Rahul , Chao Samuel T. , Suh John H. , Xia Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeExternal beam radiotherapy is a complex process, involving timely coordination among multiple teams. The aim of this study is to report our experience of establishing a standardized workflow and using quantitative data and metrics to manage the time‐to‐treatment initiation (TTI).Methods and materialsStarting in 2014, we established a standard process in a radiation oncology‐specific electronic medical record system (RO‐EMR) for patients receiving external beam radiation therapy in our department, aiming to measure the time interval from simulation to treatment initiation, defined as TTI, for radiation oncology. TTI data were stratified according to the following treatment techniques: three‐dimensional (3D) conformal therapy, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann–Whitney test for the respective metrics of aggregate data for the initial period 2012– 2015 (PI) and the later period 2016–2019 (PII).ResultOver 8 years, the average annual number of treatments for PI and PII were 1760 and 2357 respectively, with 3D, IMRT, and SBRT treatments accounting for 53, 29, 18% and 44, 34, 22%, respectively, of the treatment techniques. The median TTI for 3D, IMRT, and SBRT for PI and PII were 1, 6, 7, and 1, 5, 7 days, respectively, while the 90th percentile TTI for the three techniques in both periods were 5, 9, 11 and 4, 9, 10 days, respectively. From the aggregate data, the TTI was significantly reduced (p = 0.0004, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001) from PI to PII for the three treatment techniques.ConclusionEstablishing a standardized workflow and frequently measuring TTI resulted in shortening the TTI during the early years (in PI) and maintaining the established TTI in the subsequent years (in PII).
Ternary Strategy Enables Non‐Halogenated Solvent‐Processed All‐Polymer Solar Cells with High Efficiency Over 18%
Authors: Zhang Jiabin , Zhou Qiuman , Xie Juxuan , Zhao Ju , Yu Jiangkai , Zhang Kai , Jia Tao , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, efficient ternary all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) are fabricated by employing PDEDTQ that possesses down‐shifted highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and blue‐shifted absorption with higher maximum absorption coefficients compared with the host donor JD40‐BDD20 as a guest donor into the JD40‐BDD20:PA‐5 host blend. The enhanced light‐harvesting and the energy transfer from PDEDTQ to JD40‐BDD20 can be observed in the ternary device, which conduces to improving the short circuit current density (JSC). Additionally, the PDEDTQ shows relatively weak crystalline and well miscibility with the JD40‐BDD20, meaning that the morphology can be tuned using the PDEDTQ. Subsequently, a more uniform and fine‐divided network with slightly weakened crystalline occurs in the ternary blend film, implying that a more intermixing domain with a higher density of donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces may be formed. Thus, compared with JD40‐BDD20:PA‐5, the ternary device obtained enhanced exciton dissociation and charge extraction, reducing charge recombination and energy loss (Eloss). Ultimately, in addition to guaranteeing outstanding fill factor (FF), the higher JSC and improve open circuit voltage (VOC) are achieved and then boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.39% to 18.47%, which is one of the highest PCEs for the all‐PSCs. Overall, this work provides guidance on forming a high‐quality network with uniform distribution of D/A using ternary strategy, and then obtaining high‐efficiency all‐PSCs processed using non‐halogenated solvent.
Phase Engineering for Stability of CsPbI3 Nanowire Optoelectronics
Authors: Li Dengji , Xie Pengshan , Zhang Yuxuan , Meng You , Chen Yancong , Zheng Yini , Wang Weijun , Yin Di , Li Bowen , Wu Zenghui , Lan Changyong , Yip SenPo , Lei Dangyuan , Chen Fu‐Rong , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn) has arisen as a significant suppressor of vacancy formation in halide perovskites, establishing its pivotal role in defect engineering for these materials. Herein, the Zn‐catalyzed vapor‐liquid‐solid (VLS) route is reported to render black‐phase CsPbI3 nanowires (NWs) operationally stable at room temperature. Based on first‐principle calculations, the doped Zn2+ can not only lead to the partial crystal lattice distortion but also reduce the formation energy (absolute value) from the black phase to the yellow phase, improving the stability of the desired black‐phase CsPbI3 NWs. A series of contrast tests further confirm the stabilization effect of the Zn‐doped strategy. Besides, the polarization‐sensitive characteristics of black‐phase CsPbI3 NWs are revealed. This work highlights the importance of phase stabilization engineering for CsPbI3 NWs and their potential applications in anisotropic optoelectronics.
Highly Resilient Noncovalently Associated Hydrogel Adhesives for Wound Sealing Patch
Authors: Han Gi‐Yeon , Park Ji‐Yong , Back Jong‐Ho , Yi Mo‐Beom , Kim Hyun‐Joong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of hydrogel adhesives with high mechanical resilience and toughness remains a challenging task. Hydrogels must exhibit high mechanical resilience to withstand the inevitable movement of the human body while simultaneously demonstrating strong wet tissue adhesion and appropriate toughness to hold and seal damaged tissues; However, tissue adhesion, toughness, and mechanical resilience are typically negatively correlated. Therefore, this paper proposes a highly resilient double‐network (DN) hydrogel wound‐sealing patch that exhibits a well‐balanced combination of tissue adhesion, toughness, and mechanical resilience. The DN structure is formed by introducing covalently and non‐covalently crosslinkable dopamine‐modified crosslinkers and physically interactable linear poly(vinyl imidazole) (PVI). The resulting hydrogel adhesive exhibits high toughness and mechanical resilience due to the presence of a DN involving reversible physical intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic associations, cation–π interactions, π–π interactions, and chain entanglements. Moreover, the hydrogel adhesive achieves strong wet tissue adhesion through the polar hydroxyl groups of dopamine and the amine group of PVI. These mechanical attributes allow the proposed adhesive to effectively seal damaged tissues and promote wound healing by maintaining a moist environment.
Robust Fiber‐Shaped Flexible Temperature Sensors for Safety Monitoring with Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Lu Yufei , Zhang Hongjian , Zhao Yang , Liu Haodong , Nie Zhentao , Xu Feng , Zhu Jixin , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlexible temperature sensors capable of detecting and transmitting temperature data from the human body, environment, and electronic devices hold significant potential for applications in electronic skins, human–machine interactions, and disaster prevention systems. Nonetheless, fabricating flexible temperature sensors with exceptional sensing performance remains a formidable task, primarily due to the intricate process of constructing an intrinsically flexible sensing element with high sensitivity. In this study, a facile in situ two‐step synthetic method is introduced for fabricating flexible fiber‐shaped NiO/carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) composites. The resulting NiO/CNTF flexible temperature sensors demonstrate outstanding deformability and temperature sensing characteristics, encompassing a broad working range (−15 to 60 °C) and high sensitivity (maximum TCR of −20.2% °C−1 and B value of 3332 K). Importantly, the mechanical and thermal behaviors of the sensor in various application conditions are thoroughly examined using finite element analysis simulations. Moreover, the temperature sensors can effectively capture diverse thermal signals in wearable applications. Notably, a temperature monitoring and warning system is developed to prevent fire accidents resulting from abnormal thermal runaway in electronic devices.
Inherited thrombophilia gene mutations and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roy Danielle Carole , Wang Tzu‐Fei , Lun Ronda , Zahrai Amin , Mallick Ranjeeta , Burger Dylan , Zitikyte Gabriele , Hawken Steven , Wells Philip 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the general population, individuals with an inherited thrombophilia have a higher risk of thrombosis, but the effect of inherited thrombophilia on the risk of cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains controversial. Our objective was to determine the risk of VTE in cancer patients with inherited thrombophilia. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting on VTE after a cancer diagnosis in adult patients who were tested for inherited thrombophilia. In September 2022, we searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central. Two reviewers screened the abstracts/full texts and assessed study quality using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. We used Mantel–Haenszel random‐effects models to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) of VTE and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We included 37 and 28 studies in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, respectively. Most studies focused on specific cancer types and hematologic malignancies were rare. The risk of VTE was significantly higher in cancer patients with non‐O (compared with O) blood types (OR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.28–1.90]), Factor V Leiden, and Prothrombin Factor II G20210A mutations compared with wild types (OR: 2.28 [95% CI: 1.51–3.48] and 2.14 [95% CI: 1.14–4.03], respectively). Additionally, heterozygous and homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T had ORs of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.00–2.24) and 1.38 (95% CI: 0.87–2.22), respectively. Among those with Plasminogen‐Activator Inhibitor‐1 4G/5G, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) A C634G, and VEGF C2578A mutations, there was no significant association with VTE. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis provided evidence that non‐O blood types, Factor V Leiden, and Prothrombin Factor II G20210A mutations are important genetic risk factors for VTE in cancer patients.
Synthesis of Fused Imidazoles and Pyrimidinones from 2‐Aminoazines
Authors: Wang Yuankun , Jiang Maokai , Liu Bowen , Xianzhang Wang , Yumeng Zhuang , Yao Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFused imidazole and pyrimidine heterocycles represent two important classes of organic compounds. Numerous synthetic methods have been developed for the synthesis of these compounds due to their diverse biological activities and potential pharmaceutical applications. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the cutting‐edge methods used in the synthesis of fused heterocycles from pyridin‐2‐amines and their aza derivatives involving reaction with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds or α‐halo carbonyl compounds. In addition, the Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé (GBB) reaction, metal‐mediated reactions and other related reaction systems have been considered. We summarize the pertinent literature on related synthetic methods in the period 2020 to 2023. The analysis provided can inform future developments directed at new cost‐effective approaches to the synthesis of fused imidazole and fused pyrimidine analogues.