bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of wild type p53 function confers a hormone resistant phenotype on LNCaP prostate cancer cells*
Authors: Burchardt Martin , Burchardt Tatjana , Shabsigh Ahmad , Ghafar Mohamed , Chen Min‐Wei , Anastasiadis Aristotelis , de la Taille Alexandre , Kiss Alex , Buttyan Ralph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe protein encoded by the p53 gene is required for some forms of apoptosis and loss or mutations in this gene are found with increased frequency in advanced and hormone resistant human prostate cancers. In order to better appreciate whether reduction of wildtype p53 function in prostate cancer cells might contribute to the development of therapeutic‐resistance by these cells, we created stable variants of the androgen‐responsive, wild type p53‐expressing human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, by transfection with expression vectors designed to reduce expression or function of wildtype p53 in them. These cells were then tested for their ability to form tumors in castrated male nude mice.METHODSA conditional eukaryotic expression vector (under tetracycline regulation) expressing antisense p53 cDNA was constructed and either directly transfected into LNCaP cells or tranduced into these cells using recombinant retroviruses containing the vector. Stably transfected/transduced cells (LNCaP/Asp53) were evaluated by Western blot analysis for the ability of doxycycline to reduce p53 protein expression and for their ability to form tumors in castrated male nude mice treated or untreated with doxycycline. Additionally, we derived an LNCaP subline (LNCaP/DD) stably expressing a dominant‐negative form of p53 and tested these cells for their ability to form tumors in castrated male nude mice.RESULTSLNCaP/Asp53 cells showed reduced expression of p53 protein when cultured in a medium containing doxycycline and tested sublines were able to efficiently form tumors in castrated male nude mice only when the mice were treated with doxycycline. LNCaP/DD cells were readily able to form tumors in castrated male nude mice whereas parental LNCaP cells or control‐transfected LNCaP cells were not.CONCLUSIONLoss of wildtype p53 function can contribute to the phenotype of hormone resistance of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 48:225–230, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interferon‐alpha prevents selection of doxorubicin‐resistant undifferentiated‐androgen‐insensitive metastatic human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Kuniyasu Hiroki , Yasui Wataru , Pettaway Curtis A. , Yano Seiji , Oue Naohide , Tahara Eiichi , Fidler Isaiah J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe determined whether treatment of metastatic prostate cancer cells with doxorubicin (DOX) and interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) prevented the emergence of highly undifferentiated tumor cells.METHODSThe state of cell differentiation was determined by analysis of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), E‐cadherin, keratin, and vimentin.RESULTSHuman prostate cancer LNCaP‐LN3 cells growing in culture as multicell spheroids expressed higher levels of E‐cadherin and E‐cadherin‐associated β‐catenin than LNCaP‐LN3 cells growing as monolayers. Treatment of cells with DOX downregulated PSA, E‐cadherin, and keratin, and upregulated expression of vimentin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA. While treatment of cells with IFN‐α did not alter gene expression, the addition of IFN‐α to cultures treated with DOX produced synergistic toxicity and abrogated the changes in gene expression observed in cells treated with DOX alone.CONCLUSIONSTreatment with IFN‐α and DOX should be further explored as a therapeutic strategy for androgen‐insensitive prostate cancer. Prostate 49:19–29, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pro‐apoptotic and immunomodulatory activity of a mycobacterial cell wall‐DNA complex towards LNCaP prostate cancer cells
Authors: Reader S. , Ménard S. , Filion B. , Filion Mario C. , Phillips N.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWe have isolated a mycobacterial cell wall‐DNA complex (MCC) possessing anti‐cancer activity against bladder cancer cells. The anti‐cancer activity of MCC appears to be due to two effects: a direct interaction with bladder cancer cells resulting in the induction of apoptosis and an indirect effect via the stimulation of monocytes and macrophages cytokine synthesis. In this study, the direct effect of MCC towards LNCaP cancer cells was evaluated.MethodsInhibition of proliferation, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis were evaluated in vitro using LNCaP cells treated with MCC. The synthesis of IL‐12, GM‐CSF, and TNF‐α by LNCaP cells in response to MCC was also determined. Experiments were performed to gain insight into the mechanism of action of MCC towards LNCaP cells.ResultsMCC caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of the proliferation of LNCaP cells that was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. MCC‐induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells was consistent with a mitochondrial pathway involving mitochondrial disruption, release of cytochrome c, and an increase in Bax protein levels leading to caspase‐3 and ‐7 activation and cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein. Surprisingly, MCC also directly induced the synthesis of IL‐12 and GM‐CSF, but not TNF‐α, by LNCaP cells.ConclusionsMCC possesses the ability to directly induce apoptosis of LNCaP cells and to trigger the synthesis of IL‐12 and GM‐CSF by these cells, suggesting a potential role of MCC for the treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 49:155–165, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable lower PAR expression decreased DU145 prostate cancer cell growth in SCID mice
Authors: Platica Micsunica , Ivan Elena , Chen Sheryl , Holland James F. , Gil Juan , Mandeli John , Platica Ovidiu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundPAR is a novel gene ubiquitously expressed in normal and malignant tissues with a trend towards higher expression in tumor cells. PAR biological function is unknown. Here we report the effect of lowering PAR expression on in vitro and in vivo proliferation of DU145 cells.MethodsDecreased PAR expression was achieved by stable transfection of DU145 cells with antisense PAR cDNA cloned in pCMV‐Script expression vector. The proliferative potential of DU145 transfectants was studied by cell counts, colony formation in soft agar, flow cytometry, and growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.ResultsDU145 transfectants exhibited a decreased cell proliferation in tissue culture and a low efficiency of colony formation in soft agar. Flow cytometry revealed an arrest of these cells in G2‐M phase of mitotic cycle. A dramatic decrease of tumor growth was observed when DU145 transfectant cells were inoculated in SCID mice, compared with controls. Histological examination of these tumors showed a marked decrease in cell density and in number of mitoses while control tumors showed a high cell density and numerous mitoses.ConclusionsThe data presented here provide the first evidence for PAR gene cellular function and its possible implication in malignant transformation. Prostate 49:200–207, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pyrethroid resistance and cross‐resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L)
Authors: Wei Yuping , Appel Arthur G , Moar William J , Liu Nannan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA German cockroach (Blatella germanica (L)) strain, Apyr‐R, was collected from Opelika, Alabama after control failures with pyrethroid insecticides. Levels of resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin in Apyr‐R (97‐ and 480‐fold, respectively, compared with a susceptible strain, ACY) were partially or mostly suppressed by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S,‐tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF), suggesting that P450 monooxygenases and hydrolases are involved in resistance to these two pyrethroids in Apyr‐R. However, incomplete suppression of pyrethroid resistance with PBO and DEF implies that one or more additional mechanisms are involved in resistance. Injection, compared with topical application, resulted in 43‐ and 48‐fold increases in toxicity of permethrin in ACY and Apyr‐R, respectively. Similarly, injection increased the toxicity of deltamethrin 27‐fold in ACY and 28‐fold in Apyr‐R. These data indicate that cuticular penetration is one of the obstacles for the effectiveness of pyrethroids against German cockroaches. However, injection did not change the levels of resistance to either permethrin or deltamethrin, suggesting that a decrease in the rate of cuticular penetration may not play an important role in pyrethroid resistance in Apyr‐R. Apyr‐R showed cross‐resistance to imidacloprid, with a resistance ratio of 10. PBO treatment resulted in no significant change in the toxicity of imidacloprid, implying that P450 monooxygenase‐mediated detoxication is not the mechanism responsible for cross‐resistance. Apyr‐R showed no cross‐resistance to spinosad, although spinosad had relatively low toxicity to German cockroaches compared with other insecticides tested in this study. This result further confirmed that the mode of action of spinosad to insects is unique. Fipronil, a relatively new insecticide, was highly toxic to German cockroaches, and the multi‐resistance mechanisms in Apyr‐R did not confer significant cross‐resistance to this compound. Thus, we propose that fipronil could be a valuable tool in integrated resistance management of German cockroaches.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of PCR, IEF and ELISA techniques for the detection and identification of potato cyst nematodes from field soil samples in England and Wales
Authors: Ibrahim Said K , Minnis Stephen T , Barker Anthony D P , Russell Mike D , Haydock Patrick P J , Evans Kenneth , Grove Ivan G , Woods Simon R , Wilcox Andrew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEffective management of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) requires simple, rapid and accurate identification and quantification of field populations. Soil samples from a survey of 484 fields in potato rotations in England and Wales were used to compare the identification and quantification of PCNs using IEF, PCR, ELISA and bait plant tests. The cyst counts and bait plant test revealed that 64.3% of field samples contained PCNs. Bait plant tests increased the detection rate of PCNs in field samples by 4–6.4%. This means that some infestations are cryptic and would not normally be detected by standard counts. IEF, PCR and ELISA methods distinguished between Globodera rostochiensis and G pallida and were able to register mixed populations; however they were not in full agreement. All methods suggested that G pallida is the dominant species in the field samples tested. The PCR results indicated that 66% of field samples contained pure G pallida, 8% contained pure G rostochiensis and 26% contained mixtures of the two species. Estimates of the relative process times taken per sample in the PCR, IEF and ELISA techniques are given.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Phototransformation of metoxuron [3‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea] in aqueous solution
Authors: Boulkamh Abdelaziz , Harakat Dominique , Sehili Tahar , Boule Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUV irradiation of metoxuron in aerated aqueous solution at 254 nm or between 300 and 450 nm led initially to an almost specific photohydrolysis of the C–Cl bond, resulting in the formation of 3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (MX3) and hydrogen chloride. The quantum yield was determined to be 0.020 (±0.005) in solutions irradiated at 254 nm. Five minor photoproducts were also identified, in particular the dihydroxydimethoxybiphenyl derivatives resulting from the phototransformation of MX3. Irradiation increased the toxicity of an aqueous solution of metoxuron to the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative structure–activity studies of insect growth regulators: XIX. Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Smagghe Guy , Tirry Luc , Fujita Toshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLarvicidal activity against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), was measured after topical treatment for a series of N‐tert‐butyl‐dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents in the benzoyl (A‐ring) moiety closer to the tert‐butyl group, the other benzoyl (B‐ring) moiety being unsubstituted. The effects of substituents on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using the classical quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) procedure. Introduction of hydrophobic substituents with a small volume into any position was favourable to activity. The existence of electron‐withdrawing substituents at ortho positions was also favourable to activity. For multi‐substituted compounds, physico‐chemically unknown unfavourable factors were suggested to remain after separating common substituent effects derived from QSAR for mono‐substituted analogues. With the exception of the unsubstituted compound RH‐5849, the effect of substituents in the A‐ring moiety on the larvicidal activity was similar to those found with the lepidopteran rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The larvicidal activity of RH‐5849 against S exigua was significantly lower than the value predicted from the correlation between activities against S exigua and C suppressalis. Topical treatment with piperonyl butoxide, a synergist inhibiting oxidative metabolism, slightly enhanced the larvicidal activity of RH‐5849 against S exigua.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
PCR‐based detection of resistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐inhibiting herbicides in black‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) and ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud)
Authors: Délye Christophe , Matéjicek Annick , Gasquez Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA simple method based upon allele‐specific PCR was developed to detect an isoleucine‐leucine substitution in the gene encoding chloroplastic acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) in two gramineous weeds: Lolium rigidum Gaud and Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Analysis of 1800 A myosuroides and 750 L rigidum seedlings showed that the presence of ACCase leucine allele(s) conferred cross‐resistance to the cyclohexanedione herbicide cycloxydim and to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl and diclofop‐methyl. Seedlings containing ACCase leucine allele(s) could be either sensitive or resistant to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides haloxyfop‐P‐methyl and clodinafop‐propargyl. Successful detection of resistant plants in a field population of A myosuroides was achieved using this PCR assay. Using it with basic molecular biology laboratory equipment, the presence of resistant leucine ACCase allele(s) can be detected within one working day.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural restoration of historical buildings in seismic areas
Authors: Penelis George G 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTechniques, materials and design procedures in use for the structural restoration of historical buildings and monuments in seismic areas are presented on a conceptual basis and in relation to the restoration principles as they are stated in the Venice Charter. In this respect, the dependence of the restoration on the preservation of the aesthetic and historical values of the buildings, the low reliability of their original textures and the limitations to the intervention materials and techniques, create a very strict frame of actions, which is a real challenge for the structural engineer.
Recent all‐composite and hybrid fibre‐reinforced polymer bridges and buildings
Authors: Keller Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFibre‐reinforced polymers (FRP) have found increased application in bridge and building construction in recent years. This is predominantly due to the advantageous properties of these materials, such as low self‐weight, high strength, free formability and substantial resistance to corrosion and fatigue. The development of FRP materials for use in new hybrid and all‐composite bridge and building construction from 1997 to the end of 2000 is described in this review.
Insect Repellent Activity of Diterpenoid Alkaloids
Authors: Ulubelen Ayhan , Meriçli Ali H. , Meriçli Filiz , Kilinçer Neşet , Ferizli A. Güray , Emekci Mevlut , Pelletier S. William 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiterpenoid and norditerpenoid alkaloids were tested against Tribolium casteneum (Herbst.) in order to assess their repellent activity. Of 29 tested alkaloids, 21 compounds showed promising insect repellent activity, while eight of them were not found to be active. The alkaloids were obtained from Delphinium, Consolida and Aconitum species. The highest activity was found in hetisine, a diterpene alkaloid (59.37%) and the lowest activity in another diterpene alkaloid venulol (31.25%). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nematicidal activity of Trigonella foenum‐ graecum L.
Authors: Zia Tayyaba , Siddiqui Imran Ali , Nazrul‐Hasnain  
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Trigonella foenum‐graecum caused significant (p < 0.05) mortality of Meloidogyne javanica larvae. The methanol soluble fraction eluted from pure distilled water showed the highest (>92%) nematicidal activity compared with the fractions eluted from pure methanol and different ratios of chloroform and methanol indicate that the nematicidal compound was polar in nature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic and antiinflammatory properties ofSideritis lotsyivar.Mascaensis
Authors: Hernández‐Pérez Margarita , Rabanal Gallego Rosa M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antiinflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial activities of crude ethanol extracts ofSideritis lotsyivar.mascaensis(Lamiaceae), and chloroform and aqueous fractions were evaluated in mice using paw and ear oedema induced by carrageenan and 12‐o‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐acetate (TPA), respectively, as inflammation models, the writhing test induced by acetic acid for evaluating analgesic activity and the disk‐diffusion method for testing antimicrobial actions.The results obtained demonstrated significant topical antiinflammatory and analgesic activities for the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction, but no relevant antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the flora of Puerto Rico for in vitro antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial activities
Authors: Antoun M. D. , Ramos Z. , Vazques J. , Oquendo I. , Proctor G. R. , Gerena L. , Franzblau S. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe emergence of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis underscores the need for novel drugs that are effective against these microorganisms.As part of our screening programme of the flora of Puerto Rico, we tested a number of ethanol extracts of higher plants for antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial activities. A total of 40 extracts belonging to 23 plant families and 37 species were tested for antiplasmodial activity. Five extracts demonstrated activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (50%–100% parasite suppression at 5 μg/mL).Another 63 extracts belonging to 30 plant families and 50 species were tested in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Two extracts were found to be active, Ficus citrifolia and Pisonia borinquena (85% or more inhibition of microbial growth at 100 μg/mL of extract). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interrelation of changes in oxygen content and product quality in modified atmosphere packages of peanuts
Authors: Ucherek Marzena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine the effect of changes in oxygen content in different types of packages for snacks (multilayer laminated materials, cans) and analyse the changes in the sensorial and physicochemical characteristics of the stored products. Roasted and salted peanuts produced by one of the well‐known companies, packed in modified atmosphere packages (MAP) were the object of this investigation. The interdependence of the changes in oxygen content and product quality was examined in relation to the storage period and type of package used. From the results it can be said that changes in oxygen content in packages of peanuts produce similar effects irrespective of the packaging material used. The correlation observed during storage of peanuts, between changes in oxygen content in different packaging materials and changes of the separate sensorial and physicochemical parameters of the product, especially of the peroxide value, may be a basis for validity forecasting and determination of the optimum composition of gas mixture. This study indicates that evaluation of the quality of packages integrally related to their content should consider both product examination and the package and gas mixture composition, as there may exist an interdependence between quality features of the product and oxygen content in a package. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity properties of derivatives of 2‐imidazoline: an ab initio DFT study
Authors: Cruz J. , Martínez‐Aguilera L. M. R. , Salcedo R. , Castro M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe structural and electronic properties of a series of imidazoline (I) derivatives R1‐I‐R2 have been studied by means of density functional theory. The chosen compounds have different chain lengths (R1) and pendant (R2) groups, where R1=CH3, (CH2)nCH3 (n=2,4,…,16) and R2=H, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C2H5OH, C2H5NH2, C2H5SH, C2H5COOH, and C2H5Cl. All‐electron calculations were carried out by means of the Gaussian‐98 program. Natural and Mulliken population analysis were determined for each of the neutral and charged molecules. The reactivity was analyzed in terms of the Fukui indices. The results indicate a high reactivity for both the tertiary (showing the biggest) and the iminic nitrogen atoms of the imidazoline ring. Although the N site of the pending groups has a much lower reactivity, this is significantly increased when a sulfur atom replaces it. In general, the reactivity of the N atoms of the ring depends significantly on the substituents. As expected, the frontier molecular orbitals, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), also describe the reactivity behavior. As the size of the R1 chain increases, the two N atoms of the ring increase their nucleophilic character, since the HOMOs become more highly located. The obtained results help to explain the observed increased activity of these derivatives when they are used as inhibitors of corrosion moieties on metallic surfaces. Finally, the solvent effects on the ground‐state geometry were studied for one of the most promising reactive imidazolines; for which its interaction with an iron oxide surface was also addressed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Aromaticity/antiaromaticity in cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons
Authors: Ichikawa Hiroshi , Sakata Ken 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe physical reason for aromaticity/antiaromaticity was determined. The conclusion was reached after interpreting Hobey's mathematical results that were given in the study of the energy difference between the one‐dimensional linear and cyclic particles‐in‐a‐box models. We first revealed that the Hückel theory and particles‐in‐a‐box model are simply different ways of solving the same Schrödinger equation. Then, we pointed out that appearance of the zero‐kinetic energy orbital as the lowest one in a cyclic conjugated system is the determining factor of aromaticity/antiaromaticity. Thirdly, reasons of such appearance, double degeneracy in the higher ones, and their splitting by changing into the linear system were discussed. Finally, it was ascertained that what happens in the cyclic particles‐in‐a‐box model really takes place in actual π orbitals obtained by an ab initio molecular orbital (MO) method in cyclobutadiene and benzene. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002