bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory neural processing in children living with HIV uncovers underlying central nervous system dysfunction
Authors: Ealer Christin , Niemczak Christopher E. , Nicol Trent , Magohe Albert , Bonacina Silvia , Zhang Ziyin , Rieke Catherine , Leigh Samantha , Kobrina Anastasiya , Lichtenstein Jonathan , Massawe Enica R. , Kraus Nina , Buckey Jay C. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Central nervous system (CNS) damage from HIV infection or treatment can lead to developmental delays and poor educational outcomes in children living with HIV (CLWH). Early markers of central nervous system dysfunction are needed to target interventions and prevent life-long disability. The frequency following response (FFR) is an auditory electrophysiology test that can reflect the health of the central nervous system. In this study, we explore whether the FFR reveals auditory central nervous system dysfunction in CLWH.

Study design:
Cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing cohort study. Data were from the child's first visit in the study.

Setting:
The infectious disease center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods:
We collected the FFR from 151 CLWH and 151 HIV-negative children. To evoke the FFR, three speech syllabi (/da/, /ba/, /ga/) were played monaurally to the child's right ear. Response measures included neural timing (peak latencies), strength of frequency encoding (fundamental frequency and first formant amplitude), encoding consistency (inter-response consistency), and encoding precision (stimulus-to-response correlation).

Results:
CLWH showed smaller first formant amplitudes (P < 0.0001), weaker inter-response consistencies (P < 0.0001) and smaller stimulus to response correlations (P < 0.0001) than FFRs from HIV-negative children. These findings generalized across the three speech stimuli with moderately strong effect sizes (partial η
2 ranged from 0.061 to 0.094).

Conclusion:
The FFR shows auditory central nervous system dysfunction in CLWH. Neural encoding of auditory stimuli was less robust, more variable, and less accurate. As the FFR is a passive and objective test, it may offer an effective way to assess and detect central nervous system function in CLWH.
Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance: KAP survey of medical students to evaluate undergraduate training curriculum
Authors: Saksena Rushika , Parida Annapurna , Jain Madhura , Gaind Rajni 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: A better understanding of knowledge, attitude and practices of undergraduate medical students towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is necessary to identify gaps in current training curriculum.
Methods: A 20-point Likert scale-based questionnaire divided three parts on knowledge, attitude and practices relating to antibiotic use and resistance was devised. Students attending each year of undergraduate medical program were approached to participate in the study over a one-week-period. KAP scores of each year were compared through logistic ordinal regression and Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test.
Results: Two hundred and eight students participated in the study. Overall, knowledge of about intended use of antibiotics, fixed drug combinations and awareness about AMR was good (average score of 5.9 out of a 8). Steady improvement in knowledge scores was observed from first year (-0.441) to final year (0.00). The medical students had favorable attitude towards rational antimicrobial use (Likert score ³4) including the need to spread awareness about AMR amongst students and public and following doctor’s prescription. Self-medication was reported by 28.4% of students and hoarding of leftover doses by 49.1%. Attitude score had a direct correlation with the knowledge score on KW test (χ2 =29.6, p≤0.5) but had no significant correlation with antimicrobial practices (χ2 =3.9, p≥0.5).
Conclusion: The gaps identified in students’ practices included self-medication, skipping of dosing, hoarding of leftover medication. As improvement in knowledge did not correlate with that of practices, current curriculum needs to include AMR as a focus area to ensure good antibiotic prescribing practices in future practitioners.
Deep brain stimulation device-specific artefacts in MEG recordings
Authors: Bahners Bahne H. , Lofredi Roxanne , Sander Tilmann , Schnitzler Alfons , Kühn Andrea A. , Florin Esther 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has strong beneficial effects for treating movement disorders. The related cortical mechanisms can be studied with magnetoencephalography (MEG) during active DBS. However, MEG is prone to artefacts induced by the electrical stimulation and the movement of ferromagnetic DBS components. Although artefacts might vary between DBS devices from different manufacturers, no such comparison has been performed. To date, no combined MEG-DBS studies have been conducted within Yokogawa MEG systems.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare DBS artefacts in MEG phantom recordings acquired with two MEG systems (Neuromag, Yokogawa) using DBS devices from three different manufacturers (Abbott, Boston Scientifc, Medtronic) and to test whether established cleaning methods can sufficiently reduce artefacts.MethodsDBS devices, electrodes, and extension cables were attached to a gelatine MEG phantom, and data was acquired in a Neuromag and a Yokogawa MEG system.ResultsThere are device-specific differences in movement-related artefacts with weaker artefacts for Boston Scientific (BSC) devices. Stimulation-, movement- and IPG-related artefacts are best cleaned when combining the ICA-MI and Hampel filter across recordings and DBS devices. However, the cleaning of movement-related artefacts can result in artefactual spectral peaks in physiologically relevant frequencies below 20 Hz.ConclusionsDevice-specific IPG-related artefacts have to be considered for MEG-DBS studies and can be cleaned with combinations of published cleaning methods for MEG and EEG data. Critically, cleaning movement-related artefacts can potentially result in spectral peaks, which resemble physiological activity. Finally, combined MEG-DBS recordings are feasible in Yokogawa-MEG systems.
Compact bifurcation analysis of the Epileptor
Authors: Saggio Maria Luisa , Jirsa Viktor K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Epileptor is a phenomenological model able to reproduce the activity of the most common class, in terms of dynamics, of epileptic seizures, characterized by having square-wave bursting properties. It also encodes an additional mechanism to account for interictal spikes and spike and wave discharges. This model is being used in large-scale brain modeling of epileptic patients with the goal of improving surgical outcomes. Here we use insights from a more generic model for square-wave bursting, based on the Unfolding Theory approach, to guide the bifurcation analysis of the Epileptor. This allows to understand how the Epileptor’s parameters can be modified to produce activities for other seizures classes (i.e. other onset/offset bifurcation pairs) as observed in patients and to unveil how the interaction with the additional mechanism for spike and wave discharges alters the bifurcation structure of the main burster.
Mesoscale functional organization and connectivity of color, disparity, and naturalistic texture in human second visual area
Authors: Ai Hailin , Lin Weiru , Liu Chengwen , Chen Nihong , Zhang Peng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough parallel processing has been extensively studied in the low-level geniculostriate pathway and the high-level dorsal and ventral visual streams, less is known at the intermediate-level visual areas. In this study, we employed high-resolution fMRI at 7 Tesla to investigate the columnar and laminar organizations for color, disparity, and naturalistic texture in the human secondary visual cortex (V2), and their informational connectivity with lower and higher order visual areas. Although fMRI activations in V2 showed reproducible interdigitated color-selective thin and disparity-selective thick “stripe” columns, we found no clear evidence of columnar organization for naturalistic textures. Cortical depth-dependent analyses revealed the strongest color-selectivity in the superficial layers of V2, along with both feedforward and feedback informational connectivity with V1 and V4. Disparity selectivity was similar across different cortical depths of V2, which showed significant feedforward and feedback connectivity with V1 and V3ab. Interestingly, the selectivity for naturalistic texture was strongest in the deep layers of V2, with significant feedback connectivity from V4. Thus, while local circuitry within cortical columns is crucial for processing color and disparity information, feedback modulations from V4 play a dominant role in processing naturalistic textures in area V2.
Arrestin-3-assisted activation of JNK3 mediates dopaminergic behavioral and signaling plasticity in vivo
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed R. , Zheng Chen , Dunning Jeffery L. , Ahmed Mohamed S. , Ge Connie , Pair F. Sanders , Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Gurevich Eugenia V. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTIn rodents with unilateral ablation of the substantia nigra neurons supplying dopamine to the striatum, chronic treatment with the dopamine precursor L-DOPA or dopamine agonists induces a progressive increase of behavioral responses, a process known as behavioral sensitization. The sensitization is blunted in arrestin-3 knockout mice. Using virus-mediated gene delivery to the dopamine-depleted striatum of arrestin-3 knockout mice, we found that the restoration of arrestin-3 fully rescued behavioral sensitization, whereas its mutant defective in JNK activation did not. A 25-residue arrestin-3-derived peptide that facilitates JNK3 activation in cells, expressed ubiquitously or selectively in the direct pathway striatal neurons, fully rescued sensitization, whereas an inactive homologous arrestin-2-derived peptide did not. Behavioral rescue was accompanied by the restoration of JNK3 activity and of JNK-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun in the dopamine-depleted striatum. Thus, arrestin-3-dependent JNK3 activation in direct pathway neurons is a critical element of the molecular mechanism underlying sensitization.
Multi-modal skin atlas identifies a multicellular immune-stromal community associated with altered cornification and specific T cell expansion in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Fiskin Evgenij , Eraslan Gökcen , Alora-Palli Maria B , Leyva-Castillo Juan Manuel , Kim Sean , Choe Heather , Lareau Caleb A , Lau Helena , Finan Emily P , Teixeira-Soldano Isabella , LaBere Brenna , Chu Anne , Woods Brian , Chou Janet , Slyper Michal , Waldman Julia , Islam Sabina , Schneider Lynda , Phipatanakul Wanda , Platt Craig , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Delorey Toni M , Deguine Jacques , Smith Gideon P , Geha Raif , Regev Aviv , Xavier Ramnik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn healthy skin, a cutaneous immune system maintains the balance between tolerance towards innocuous environmental antigens and immune responses against pathological agents. In atopic dermatitis (AD), barrier and immune dysfunction result in chronic tissue inflammation. Our understanding of the skin tissue ecosystem in AD remains incomplete with regard to the hallmarks of pathological barrier formation, and cellular state and clonal composition of disease-promoting cells. Here, we generated a multi-modal cell census of 310,691 cells spanning 86 cell subsets from whole skin tissue of 19 adult individuals, including non-lesional and lesional skin from 11 AD patients, and integrated it with 396,321 cells from four studies into a comprehensive human skin cell atlas in health and disease. Reconstruction of human keratinocyte differentiation from basal to cornified layers revealed a disrupted cornification trajectory in AD. This disrupted epithelial differentiation was associated with signals from a unique immune and stromal multicellular community comprised ofMMP12+dendritic cells (DCs), mature migratory DCs, cycling ILCs, NK cells, inflammatoryCCL19+IL4I1+fibroblasts, and clonally expandedIL13+IL22+IL26+T cells with overlapping type 2 and type 17 characteristics. Cell subsets within this immune and stromal multicellular community were connected by multiple inter-cellular positive feedback loops predicted to impact community assembly and maintenance. AD GWAS gene expression was enriched both in disrupted cornified keratinocytes and in cell subsets from the lesional immune and stromal multicellular community includingIL13+IL22+IL26+T cells and ILCs, suggesting that epithelial or immune dysfunction in the context of the observed cellular communication network can initiate and then converge towards AD. Our work highlights specific, disease-associated cell subsets and interactions as potential targets in progression and resolution of chronic inflammation.
State-Level Gestational Diabetes Prevalence Estimates from Three Data Sources, 2018
Authors: Bolduc Michele L.F. , Mercado Carla I. , Zhang Yan , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Ford Nicole D. , Bullard Kai McKeever , Carty Denise C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated 2018 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence estimates in three surveillance systems (National Vital Statistics System, State Inpatient Database, and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Survey). We calculated state GDM prevalence for each system; a subset of data was analyzed for women 18-39 years old in 22 locations present in all three systems to observe dataset-specific demographics and GDM prevalence using comparable categories. GDM prevalence estimates varied widely by data system and within the data subset despite comparable demographics. Understanding the differences between GDM surveillance data systems can help researchers better identify people and places at higher risk of GDM.
Open‐label, clinical trial extension: Two‐year safety and efficacy results of seladelpar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Mayo Marlyn J. , Vierling John M. , Bowlus Christopher L. , Levy Cynthia , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Neff Guy W. , Galambos Michael R. , Gordon Stuart C. , Borg Brian B. , Harrison Stephen A. , Thuluvath Paul J. , Goel Aparna , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Swain Mark G. , Jones David E. J. , Trivedi Palak , Kremer Andreas E. , Aspinall Richard J. , Sheridan David A. , Dörffel Yvonne , Yang Ke , Choi Yun‐Jung , McWherter Charles A. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundSeladelpar is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐δ agonist that targets multiple cell types involved in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), leading to anti‐cholestatic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐pruritic effects.AimsTo evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of seladelpar in patients with PBC.MethodsIn an open‐label, international, long‐term extension study, patients with PBC completing seladelpar lead‐in studies continued treatment. Seladelpar was taken orally once daily at doses of 5 or 10 mg with dose adjustment permitted for safety or tolerability. The primary analysis was for safety and the secondary efficacy analysis examined biochemical markers of cholestasis and liver injury. The study was terminated early due to the unexpected histological findings in a concurrent study for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, which were subsequently found to predate treatment. Safety and efficacy data were analysed through 2 years.ResultsThere were no serious treatment‐related adverse events observed among 106 patients treated with seladelpar for up to 2 years. There were four discontinuations for safety, one possibly related to seladelpar. Among 53 patients who completed 2 years of seladelpar, response rates increased from years 1 to 2 for the composite endpoint (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] <1.67 × ULN, ≥15% decrease in ALP, and total bilirubin ≤ULN) and ALP normalisation from 66% to 79% and from 26% to 42%, respectively. In those with elevated bilirubin at baseline, 43% achieved normalisation at year 2.ConclusionsSeladelpar was safe, and markedly improved biochemical markers of cholestasis and liver injury in patients with PBC. These effects were maintained or improved throughout the second year. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03301506; Clinicaltrialsregister.eu: 2017‐003910‐16.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk profile of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for 96 weeks
Authors: Fung Scott K. , Pan Calvin Q. , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Seto Wai‐Kay , Ahn Sang Hoon , Chen Chi‐Yi , Hann Hie‐Won L. , Jablkowski Maciej S. , Kim Yoon Jun , Yurdaydin Cihan , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Nguyen Tuan , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Flaherty John F. , Yee Leland J. , Abramov Frida , Wang Hongyuan , Abdurakhmanov Dzhamal , Lim Young‐Suk , Buti Maria 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundPatients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who switch from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) show changes in lipid profiles.AimTo evaluate how these changes affect cardiovascular risk.MethodsThis pooled analysis, based on two large prospective studies, evaluated fasting lipid profiles of patients with CHB who were treated with TAF 25 mg/day or TDF 300 mg/day for 96 weeks. Patients who fulfilled the American College of Cardiology criteria (age 40–79 years, high‐density lipoprotein [HDL] 20–100 mg/dL, total cholesterol [TC] 130–320 mg/dL and systolic blood pressure 90–200 mmHg) required to assess 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk with baseline lipid data and at least one post‐baseline measurement were included in the ASCVD‐risk population. The 10‐year ASCVD risk was calculated for patients in this population, and changes from baseline to Week 96 were assessed using intermediate‐ (≥7.5%) and high‐risk (≥20%) cut‐offs.ResultsAmong 1632 patients, 620 (38%) met the criteria for the ASCVD‐risk population. At Week 96, fasting levels of all lipids, except TC:HDL ratio, were lower with TDF than TAF. No significant increase was observed in overall ASCVD risk or in any ASCVD‐risk categories during the 96‐week treatment period compared with baseline. A similar proportion of patients in the TAF and TDF treatment groups (1.3% and 2.3%, respectively; p = 0.34) reported cardiovascular events.ConclusionDespite on‐treatment differences in lipid profiles with TAF and TDF, predicted cardiovascular risk and clinical events were similar for both groups after 96 weeks.
DNA‐pools targeted‐sequencing as a robust cost‐effective method to detect rare variants: Application to dilated cardiomyopathy genetic diagnosis
Authors: Perret Claire , Proust Carole , Esslinger Ulrike , Ader Flavie , Haas Jan , Pruny Jean‐François , Isnard Richard , Richard Pascale , Trégouët David‐Alexandre , Charron Philippe , Cambien François , Villard Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart disease characterized by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. In 30% of cases, pathogenic variants, essentially private to each patient, are identified in at least one of almost 50 reported genes. Thus, while costly, exons capture‐based Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of a targeted gene panel appears as the best strategy to genetically diagnose DCM. Here, we report a NGS strategy applied to pools of 8 DNAs from DCM patients and validate its robustness for rare variants detection at 4‐fold reduced cost. Our pipeline uses Freebayes to detect variants with the expected 1/16 allele frequency. From the whole set of detected rare variants in 96 pools we set the variants quality parameters optimizing true positives calling. When compared to simplex DNA sequencing in a shared subset of 50 DNAs, 96% of SNVs/InsDel were accurately identified in pools. Extended to the 384 DNAs included in the study, we detected 100 variants (ACMG class 4 and 5), mostly in well‐known morbid gene causing DCM such as TTN, MYH7, FLNC, and TNNT2. To conclude, we report an original pool‐sequencing NGS method accurately detecting rare variants. This innovative approach is cost‐effective for genetic diagnostic in rare diseases.
Neural Shading Fields for Efficient Facial Inverse Rendering
Authors: Rainer G. , Bridgeman L. , Ghosh A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven a set of unstructured photographs of a subject under unknown lighting, 3D geometry reconstruction is relatively easy, but reflectance estimation remains a challenge. This is because it requires disentangling lighting from reflectance in the ambiguous observations. Solutions exist leveraging statistical, data‐driven priors to output plausible reflectance maps even in the under‐constrained single‐view, unknown lighting setting. We propose a very low‐cost inverse optimization method that does not rely on data‐driven priors, to obtain high‐quality diffuse and specular, albedo and normal maps in the setting of multi‐view unknown lighting. We introduce compact neural networks that learn the shading of a given scene by efficiently finding correlations in the appearance across the face. We jointly optimize the implicit global illumination of the scene in the networks with explicit diffuse and specular reflectance maps that can subsequently be used for physically‐based rendering. We analyze the veracity of results on ground truth data, and demonstrate that our reflectance maps maintain more detail and greater personal identity than state‐of‐the‐art deep learning and differentiable rendering methods.
Efficient Caustics Rendering via Spatial and Temporal Path Reuse
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Wang Lu , Wang Beibei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCaustics are complex optical effects caused by the light being concentrated in a small area due to reflection or refraction on surfaces with low roughness, typically under a sharp light source. Rendering caustic effects is challenging for Monte Carlo‐based approaches, due to the difficulties of sampling the specular paths. One effective solution is using the specular manifold to locate these valid specular paths. Unfortunately, it needs many iterations to find these paths, leading to a long rendering time. To address this issue, our key insight is that the specular paths tend to be similar for neighboring shading points. To this end, we propose to reuse the specular paths spatially. More specifically, we generate some specular path samples with a low sample rate and then reuse these specular path samples as the initialization for specular manifold walk among neighboring shading points. In this way, much fewer specular path‐searching iterations are performed, due to the efficient initialization close to the final solution. Furthermore, this reuse strategy can be extended for dynamic scenes in a temporal manner, such as light moving or specular geometry deformation. Our method outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art methods and can handle multiple bounces of light and various scenes.