bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freedom Of Assembly And Association
Authors: Clayton Richard , Tomlinson Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
n54: The threat of violence under section 3 of the Public Order Act 1986 (affray) 16.16 has to be towards a person or persons present at the scene. This means that the pos- session of petrol bombs for later use was insufficient (Iv DPP [2001] 2 WLR 765).
Right To Enjoyment Of Possessions
Authors: Clayton Richard , Tomlinson Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For a useful overview, see Halstead, ‘Human Property Rights’ [2002] 66 Conv 153. 18.26 n67: The UK argued strongly against the inclusion of Article 1, in part because it wanted to retain the right to expropriate without compensation; see, generally, A W B Simpson, Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention (Oxford University Press, 2001), ch 15.
Remedies And Procedures
Authors: Clayton Richard , Tomlinson Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Brown v Stott [2001] 1 WLR 817,847 Lord Hope suggested that the decision to omit Article 13 (the right to an effective remedy) as one of the Convention rights enacted under section 1 of the Human Rights Act 1998 is that sections 7 to 9 of the Act are intended to lay down an appropriate remedial structure for giving effect to Convention rights.
Third Source of Uncertainty: Objects too Have Agency
Authors: Latour Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If sociology has been marked from the start by the discovery that action was overtaken by other agencies, it has been spurred even more forcefully by the ethical, political, and empirical discovery that there exist hierarchies, asymmetries, and inequalities; that the social world is just as differentiated a landscape as a rugged and mountainous terrain; that no amount of enthusiasm, free will, or ingenuity can make those asymmetries go away; that they all seem to weigh as heavily as the pyramids, which hampers individual action and explains why society should be considered as a specific sui generis entity; that any thinker who denies those inequalities and differences is either gullible or somewhat reactionary; and, finally, that ignoring social asymmetry is as ridiculous as claiming that Newtonian gravitation does not exist.
Competition for Competence and Inter-Partner Learning within International Strategic Alliances
Authors: Hamel Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is possible to conceive of a firm as a portfolio of core competencies on one hand, and encompassing disciplines on the other, rather than as a portfolio of product–market entities (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). As technology bundles, core competencies make a critical contribution to the unique functionality of a range of end-products. An example is Honda’s expertise in powertrains, which is applied to products as diverse as automobiles, motorcycles, generators, and lawn mowers. Encompassing disciplines include total quality control, just-in-time manufacturing systems, value engineering, flexible manufacturing systems, accelerated product development, and total customer service.
Social Utility and Decision Making in Interpersonal Contexts
Authors: Loewenstein George F , Thompson, Leigh , Bazerman Max H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The origin of this paper, at least for me, dates back to when I became embroiled in a dispute over a condominium that my wife and I bought in Chicago in 1986. Unbeknownst to us, the people who sold us the condo kept a key and, after the closing and also right after we had sanded and polyurethaned the floor, reentered and destroyed the finish on the still-wet floor. I was livid, and, dissatisfied with what I saw as a paltry offer of monetary compensation, determined to take them to small claims court. I was rescued by the lawyer who had helped us with the purchase. She explained that it simply wasn’t worth my time or the filing fee to bring the case to court, and recommended that I negotiate with the sellers a bit longer, and then accept their offer. She also told me to think about reasons why the judge might not rule in our favor were we to take the case to court.
Mispredicting the Endowment Effect: Underestimation of Owners’ Selling Prices by Buyers’ Agents
Authors: Boven Leaf Van , Loewenstein, George , Dunning David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I first met Leaf Van Boven at a conference at Northwestern University hosted by Max Bazerman and Doug Medin on the topic of “New Directions in Decision Making.” I sat next to him at dinner—an Ethiopian restaurant near Wriggly stadium. I drank a lot of beer; he didn’t drink any. I talked a lot and he was virtually silent. He is a very controlled, inscrutable, person. Leaf, Don Moore, and my wife’s brother, Douglas Harsch and I went on one of the most arduous mountain trips that I’ve ever taken—in the Talkeetna range of Alaska—and Leaf maintained his imperturbable composure under the most horrendous conditions (which is not to denigrate the stoicism of the other two). I’ve teased him on numerous occasions that he must be holding something terrible inside to be so restrained, and he doesn’t deny it, but I have never picked up any hints of what it might be.
Out of Control: Visceral Influences on Behavior
Authors: Loewenstein George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the final game of the World Cup of 2006, between Italy and France, the score had remained at 1–1 since the 19th minute of the game, and the game had gone into a second extra time. At that moment, with over a billion viewers watching on TV, the cameras captured a seemingly remarkable event. Zinedine Zidane, the captain of the French team who had scored the lone goal for France (making him the fourth player in history to score more than one goal in the world cup play-offs), who was playing the last game of an illustrious career, walked up to an Italian player who had, apparently, been taunting him verbally, and violently head-butted him, which led to his expulsion from the game. The French team, although down their most important player, managed to hold the line at 1–1 in the remaining minutes of the game, but lost on penalty kicks, a skill which Zidane was famous for.
Heart Strings and Purse Strings
Authors: Lerner Jennifer S , Small, Deborah A , Loewenstein George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jennifer Lerner is one of the most efficient people I know. She arrived in my department about four years ago, and immediately got to work, creating an experimental laboratory for herself, starting a new major in the department, and training a succession of amazing graduate students. I’ve been the direct beneficiary of the latter, getting the chance to work with them, and in this case also with Jennifer. I like this study, in part because I think it represents the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration. Jennifer has a background in psychology, and has specifically done considerable research on the impact of emotions on decision-making. My main background is in economics, and I’ve done a lot of work on a phenomenon called the endowment effect (see Chapter 11).
Separate Neural Systems Value Immediate and Delayed Monetary Rewards
Authors: McClure Samuel M , Laibson David I , Loewenstein, George , Cohen Jonathan D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I had always considered myselfdriven until I got together with this crew. Our weekly hour-long Skype conferences first stretched to an hour and a half, then two hours, then became biweekly calls. And e-mail exchanges could happen seemingly at any time of day or night, typically with all parties weighing in within minutes. Don’t these guys ever sleep? (And what wasI doing on the computer at 3 a.m.?) When we started the project, McClure, another matured child prodigy, was doing a post-doc with Jonathan Cohen at Princeton. Cohen, who is not only a top neuroscientist but also an award-winning carpenter, I know from his days at CMU, when he and Jonathan Schooler and I used to meet for a weekly lunch.
From Boom to Bust: The Economic Integration of Immigrants in Postwar Sweden
Authors: Bengtsson Tommy , Lundh, Christer , Scott Kirk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today about one-fifth of the Swedish population is born, or has at least one parent born, outside the country. This puts Sweden about three times above the European average when it comes to the size of the immigrant population. Among its neighbours, Denmark has the highest proportion of immigrants, about the European average, while the figures for Norway and Finland are much less. The official Swedish aim is to integrate the immigrants in order to give them the same opportunities and the same standard of living as native Swedes. Has this goal been achieved? The answer is no. Today the exclusion from the regular labour market and unemployment among immigrants is much higher and the standard of living is much lower than among natives. However, this was not the case in the past. In the 1960s, the immigrant population had a higher employment rate than the native population and therefore had higher average earnings. The question is whether this development is a result of the changes in the composition of immigrants from labour to refugee and from European to non-European, or whether it is due to changes in the demand for labour in terms of volume and skills.
Fundamental Rights
Authors: Tridimas Takis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The protection of fundamental rights in the Community legal order has been almost entirely the product of case law. This still remains the case despite the fact that there are now express references to their protection in the TEU and the Union has acquired its own catalogue of fundamental rights in the form of the Charter. The Court’s creative jurisprudence has not been without its critics. Coppel and O’Neill argued at earlier times that the high rhetoric of human rights is not based on a genuine concern to take them seriously but on a desire to extend the scope and impact of Community law which lacks legitimacy. A more balanced assessment suggests that the gradual elaboration of judicial standards has been well founded and that the impact of the Court’s jurisprudence has been positive.
Policing from below: community policing as an objective in peace operations
Authors: Mobekk Eirin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Community policing has been, if not always an expressed objective, at least part of some of the most recent peace operations, such as those in Bosnia, Kosovo and East Timor. In East Timor, the use of community policing by the United Nations civilian police (CivPols) was a declared goal. However, it is an elusive concept and its applicability in the context of international peace operations needs examination. This is particularly pertinent where the police mission includes a law enforcement mandate—not only training and monitoring—as was the case in both Kosovo and East Timor. This chapter deals with com munity policing in peace operations where the CivPol component has a law enforcement mandate—executive policing.
This chapter makes extensive reference to the case of East Timor but takes a more general approach when discussing the possibility and indeed the usefulness of applying the concept of community policing in peace operations. The inherent problems with the term and the ways in which these problems translate from a national to an inter national context are outlined.
Civil-military cooperation: the military, paramilitaries and civilian police in executive policing
Authors: Hansen Annika S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Civil-military cooperation is nothing new and has been a standard part of peace operations at least since the early l 990s. With the expansion of peace operations in the course of the past decade, the term ‘civil-military cooperation’ has come to incorporate a wide range of efforts to secure cooperation and coordination between the activities of civilian agencies and those of the military forces in a conflict area. At the same time, law-and-order issues have come to the fore as a central concern in any peace operation. This has brought the relationship between military forces and the international civilian police (CivPols) into the spotlight, as public security is the realm in which the paths of the military and the civilian police, as the relevant key players in the civilian reconstruction effort, cross most frequently.
In the civilian police monitoring operations of the early 1990s, military-police cooperation was limited and consisted mainly of logistical support. However, with the steadily expanding role of civilian police in peace operations, the interface between military and police staff has increased, providing more opportunities and placing greater demands on cooperation between the two.
National police training within an executive police operation
Authors: Perito Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fact that international civilian police have executive authority does not obviate the traditional requirement for training and mentoring local police. ‘Training and restructuring form the essential foundation for any executive policing operation, in that these activities are the ones that ultimately build local law enforcement capacity and eventual1y allow the international mission to go home.’ In fact, all executive missions eventually transform into monitoring and training missions. Executive policing is undertaken concurrently with efforts to establish an indigenous police force. This view is reflected in the Civilian Police Principles and Guidelines issued by the UN Department of Peace-keeping Operations (DPKO). In its guidance to UN police commissioners for conducting UN Civilian Police (CivPol) operations, the DPKO advises that, in operations where UN CivPols have executive authority, training and mentoring/monitoring programmes are among the principal methods for managing the transition of authority to local police.
Tuttifrutti
Authors: Graziadei Michele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If civilians have a chance to understand the English law of property, they largely owe it to the scholar to whom this collection of essays is dedicated. This chapter is but a gloss on Bernard Rudden’s works. As such, it does not claim to be comprehensive and it addresses the subject from a lateral perspective, namely the civil codes’ obsession with ‘fruits’.
Insurance Law in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Moudrykh Vladislav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contribution of Bernard Rudden to Soviet law scholarship is enormous. One area in which this scholarship has made itself known is the field of insurance law. In 1966, Rudden published his monograph, Soviet Insurance Law,1 which was a systematic survey of the insurance law of the then Soviet Union. In that work, Rudden made a number of arguments relating to insurance law in the Soviet Union, arguments which drew attention to deficiencies in that law. The present chapter takes as its subject the insurance law of post-Soviet Russia. Much has happened in Russia since 1966, and insurance law has changed as a result. The collapse of the Communist ideal and the transition to the market economy have yielded reforms of insurance law, in both formal and substantive terms. However, the deficiencies remain.
Conclusions: Rethinking Knowledge-Intensive Organizations and Work
Authors: Alvesson Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN this final chapter I summarize and draw out some of the conclusions of the book, and discuss the limits of the ideas suggested here. One provocative question is whether knowledge is the solution or a dead end as an approach to understanding organizations and to improving their functioning. I start, however, with discussion of a version of the key theme of tension between knowledge work as a cognitively and possibly ethically rational activity versus knowledge work as a more uncertain, pragmatic, politically sensitive, and otherwise ‘non rational’ social phenomenon. I do so by discussing professional ism and the efforts of some firms that do not belong to the certified branches to mimic certain key themes of professional ism, thus introducing an idea of the quasi-professional firm. Some key themes of the book are addressed here from a some what different perspective than in previous chapters.
X-bar Theory
Authors: Carnie Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phrase structure grammars and their extensions provide us with powerful tools for describing constituent structures, but the range and extent of their adequacy is a matter of debate. There is, however, one particular extension to phrase structure grammars that has been almost universally adopted at one point or another by formal linguists: X-bar theory. X-bar theory serves both as an extension to phrase structure grammars and places a number of restrictions on the form that phrase structure rules (PSRs) can take.
Late Twentieth-Century Management, the Business School, and Social Capital
Authors: Starkey Ken , Tempest Sue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the dubious legacy that late twentieth-century management (LTCM) has bequeathed to the twenty-first-century manager. It argues that some of the guiding principles of LTCM have outlived their usefulness and that we face an urgent need to rethink management. It suggests the concept of social capital as a key focus for the twenty-first-century manager. It also addresses the role of the business school in educating managers, arguing that, just as we need to rethink management, we also need to think critically about the mindset and the values that the business school, particularly through the MBA degree, offers managers. It is difficult to imagine management in its current form surviving until the end of the twenty-first century. Grounded in thinking and practices that became the orthodoxy in the late twentieth century, our current way of managing seems to have reached or to be approaching its limits.
Leadership in a Non-Linear World
Authors: Fiedler Fred E , Garcia Joseph E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In dealing with leaders and managers, our thinking tends to be linear ‘The more the better’: the more intelligent, the more experienced, the better their education, the more likely we are to hire them. Of course, we know that these linear measures do not necessarily result in better performance. Nonetheless, in selecting candidates for a job, or for admission to a school, the higher their test score, or their grade point average, or the rating of previous performance, the more likely we are to accept the candidate. By and large, this procedure has some merit since it tends to screen out the obviously unfit. But these simple judgements turn out to lead us astray when we attempt to select leaders and managers.
Overcoming the Hydra: Leaderless Groups and Terrorism
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Hydra in Greek mythology represented that most difficult of creatures to overcome: not just a creature with multiple heads, and therefore no apparent leader and no one to hold responsible or to focus upon, but also a creature whose structure appeared to make it immortal because each severed head grew two more. This paradox was eventually transcended when Hercules changed his strategy both for dealing with the mortal heads and for despatching the immortal head.
The Flying Dutchman and the Discontents of Modernity
Authors: Pelzer Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One day the mariners’ collective imagination perceives the spectre of the Flying Dutchman on the oceans of the new world: ‘blood red the sails, black the mast’. Aimlessly, the helm damaged or washed away, and every now and then without a living crew, it haunts the floods-a gloomy memorial in an optimistic age-and it dooms those crossing its way with a curse of aimlessness and life-in-death.
Arachne and Minerva: Women, Powe0 and Realization
Authors: Guerrier Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arachne was a young Lydian girl from a poor background who had incredible skill as a weaver. Her talent had made her famous. Even the nymphs and the naiads loved to come down not just to admire her finished cloths but also to watch her deft and light movements as she wove. It was clear to all that her talents must have come from Minerva, the goddess of weaving.
The Forester’s Dilemma: The Influence of Police Research on Police Practice
Authors: Young Richard , Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at the potential impact of different styles of police research on police policy and practice. We say ‘potential’ in acknowledgement of the fact that policy changes are always brought about through a myriad of influences; it would take a brilliantly designed, lavishly funded, perfectly executed research project to assess accurately the actual impact of research on policy.
Criminology and Public Policy in the USA and UK
Authors: Tonry Michael , Green David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For at least fifty years, academics have been urging the relevance to criminal justice policy-making of systematic knowledge based on research, and decrying the failure of policy-makers to take account of research findings. That sentence could be construed as evidence that criminology, not economics, is the dismal science: science in its aspirations, dismal in its influence.
Other Aspects of Negligence Claims
Authors: Cherie Booth QC , Squires Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to succeed in a negligence action, claimants must establish that: (i) they were owed a duty of care, (ii) the duty was breached by the defendant, and (iii) the duty caused loss of a legally recognized kind. It will also be necessary for the claim to be ‘justiciable’, ie of a kind which is suitable for resolution in the courts. We consider justiciability in chapter 2 and the approach taken by the courts to determine a duty of care in chapters 3 and 4. In this chapter we examine the other elements of a negligence claim: namely, breach of duty, causation and damage.
Human Rights Act 1998
Authors: Cherie Booth QC , Squires Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The following chapter examines claims that can be brought under the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA). The HRA makes it unlawful for a ‘public authority’ to breach the European Convention on Human Rights (‘the Convention’). The HRA accords to the victims of a breach of the Convention the right to pursue a claim against the offending public authority in the UK courts, when previously they were required to apply to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg to vindicate their Convention rights.
Police
Authors: Cherie Booth QC , Squires Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The police are subject to a range of different legal controls. They have a general duty to uphold the law, and breach of this duty can, in principle, be enforced by way of judicial review proceedings brought by members of the public. If, in the course of enforcing the law, the police detain, arrest, or assault an individual without lawful justification, they can be held liable for the torts of false imprisonment or trespass to the person, and they may also be held liable for the tort of misfeasance in public office if they act maliciously and unlawfully in the purported performance of their duties.
‘ Think’
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction When Galileo pointed his telescope towards the sky, he became part of the rich history of the relationship between the instruments of science and scientific development. This chapter examines the role of IvT as a new form of instrumentation and scientific infrastructure, exploring its relationship with scientific and engineering thinking. IvT provides scientists, engineers, and researchers with instrumentation that enables them to explore ideas, conduct new types of experiments, and think in new ways about creating innovations in a cost-effective and quick manner. IvT increases the variety in the technological options available to firms. Through its ability to facilitate the collaborative production of knowledge and to represent knowledge in a more comprehensive manner, it brings science and the innovator closer together.