bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Montelukast in Dyspeptic Children with Duodenal Eosinophilia
Authors: Friesen Craig A. , Kearns Gregory L. , Andre Linda , Neustrom Mark , Roberts Charles C. , Abdel‐Rahman Susan M. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMontelukast, a competitive cysteinyl leucotriene‐1 receptor antagonist, reduces airway eosinophilia in asthmatics. We evaluated the effect of this drug in children with eosinophilic duodenitis, defined histologically as duodenal mucosa with peak eosinophil count of more than 10 eosinophils/hpf.MethodsForty children and adolescents (6–18 yr) with dyspepsia and duodenal eosinophilia were enrolled in a double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study of monteleukast therapy. Subjects were randomized to receive either 10 mg montelukast or an identical placebo once daily and were evaluated on day 14 for symptomatic and biochemical responses. Subjects were also randomized to one of two blood sampling schemes to evaluate montelukast pharmacokinetics.ResultsUsing a post treatment global pain assessment, a positive clinical response was observed in 62.1% of patients receiving montelukast compared with 32.4% on placebo (p < 0.02). Pain assessment score deteriorated in 45% of montelukast responders (5/11) after cross‐over to placebo and improved in 62% (8/13) of placebo non‐responders on cross‐over to montelukast. In patients with peak duodenal eosinophil counts between 20–29/hpf (n=19), a positive pain assessment response was observed in 84% of patients receiving montelukast compared to 42% receiving placebo (p < 0.01). Response rate did not differ by age, gender or histologic findings at baseline. Pharmacokinetic analysis yielded parameter estimates for absorption rate constant (Ka), apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) and elimination rate constant (Kel) of 0.42 h−1, 0.19 L/kg and 0.26 h−1, respectively. The relative extent of systemic drug exposure was comparable to that observed in previous pediatric investigations with similar weight‐adjusted montelukast doses. Neither dose nor calculated drug exposure were associated with the level of post treatment pain assessment or the change in biochemical markers.ConclusionsThese data suggest a beneficial role for montelukast in the treatment of pediatric patients with dyspepsia associated with duodenal eosinophilia.
A Modified Vitamin Regimen for Vitamin B2, A, and E Administration in Very‐Low–Birth‐Weight Infants
Authors: Porcelli Peter J. , Greene Harry , Adcock Eugene 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Very‐low–birth‐weight (VLBW; birth weight, <1,500 g) infants receive preterm infant formulas and parenteral multivitamin preparations that provide more riboflavin (vitamin B2) than does human milk and more than that recommended by the American Society of Clinical Nutrition. VLBW infants who are not breast‐fed may have plasma riboflavin concentrations up to 50 times higher than those in cord blood. The authors examined a vitamin regimen designed to reduce daily riboflavin intake, with the hypothesis that this new regimen would result in lower plasma riboflavin concentrations while maintaining lipid‐soluble vitamin levels.Methods:Preterm infants with birth weight ≤1,000 g received either standard preterm infant nutrition providing 0.42 to 0.75 mg riboflavin/kg/day (standard group), or a modified regimen providing 0.19 to 0.35 mg/kg/day (modified group). The modified group parenteral vitamin infusion was premixed in Intralipid®. Enteral feedings were selected to meet daily riboflavin administration guidelines. Plasma riboflavin, vitamin A, and vitamin E concentrations were measured weekly by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed with the independent t test, χ2, and analysis of variance.Results:The 36 infants (17 standard group, 19 modified group) had birth weight and gestational age of 779 ± 29 g and 25.5 ± 0.3 weeks (mean ± SEM) with no differences between groups. Modified group infants received 38% less riboflavin (0.281 ± 0.009 mg/kg/day), 35% more vitamin A (318.3 ± 11.4 μg/kg/day), and 14% more vitamin E (3.17 ± 0.14 mg/kg/day) than standard group infants. Plasma riboflavin rose from baseline in both groups but was 37% lower in the modified group during the first postnatal month (133.3 ± 9.9 ng/mL). Riboflavin intake and plasma riboflavin concentrations were directly correlated. Plasma vitamin A (0.222 ± 0.022 μg/mL) and vitamin E (22.26 ± 1.61 /mL) concentrations were greater in the modified group.Conclusions:The modified vitamin regimen resulted in reduced riboflavin intake and plasma riboflavin concentration, suggesting plasma riboflavin concentration is partially dose dependent during the first postnatal month in VLBW infants. Modified group plasma vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations were greater during the first month, possibly because the vitamins were premixed with parenteral lipid emulsion. Because of the complexity of this protocol, the authors suggest that a parenteral multivitamin product designed for VLBW infants which uses weight‐based dosing should be developed.
Human Antichimeric Antibody in Children and Young Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Infliximab
Authors: Miele Erasmo , Markowitz Jonathan E. , Mamula Petar , Baldassano Robert N. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Pediatric studies on immunogenicity of infliximab have not been published. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of human antichimeric antibody (HACA), relationship to infusion reactions (IR), and the role of concomitant immunomodulatory therapies.Methods:An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) database was queried, and a retrospective review of patients who had HACA performed was undertaken.Results:HACA was conclusively determined in 34 patients with IBD (14 male, Crohn disease/ulcerative colitis: 30/4), median age 14.8 years (range, 6.4–22.5 years). Twenty‐nine (85.3%) patients were receiving immunomodulatory therapy. A total of 234 infliximab infusions were administered (mean, 6.9; range, 1–26). HACA was detected in 12 (35.3%) patients. IR occurred in 8 (23.5%) patients. HACA‐positive patients had a higher proportion of infusions associated with IR than did HACA‐negative patients (P < 0.01). HACA levels ≥ 8.0 μg/mL were more likely to be associated with IR (P = 0.03). Levels of ≥ 8.0 μg/mL were more common in patients who had an average interval between infliximab infusions of 8 weeks or less (P = 0.04). Concomitant immunomodulatory therapy was associated with a lower risk of developing HACA (P = 0.02) and lower titer of HACA (P = 0.04). Patients did not have HACA at a greater rate when there was an extended interval (more than 12 weeks) between infliximab infusions (P = 0.89).Conclusions:In children and adolescents with IBD, HACA formation is related to IR and to the duration of response to treatment. Immunomodulatory agents seem to have a protective role against development of HACA or high titers of antibodies. The interval between infusions does not influence the development of HACA.
Discordant Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C‐reactive Protein in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Taking Azathioprine or 6‐Mercaptopurine
Authors: Barnes Barrett H. , Borowitz Stephen M. , Saulsbury Frank T. , Hellems Martha , Sutphen James L. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by periods of relapse and remission. Treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms during relapse and prolonging the duration of remissions. 6‐Mercaptopurine (6‐MP) and its prodrug azathioprine (AZA) are commonly used to prolong clinical remissions. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are two widely used laboratory markers of inflammation. The authors observed an unexplained discordance between ESR and CRP in children with asymptomatic IBD who were being treated with AZA or 6‐MP.Objective:To characterize children with IBD in remission treated with 6‐MP or AZA who have persistently elevated ESR but normal CRP.Methods:All patients seen in Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2002, with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis who received AZA or 6‐MP continuously for at least 6 months were identified and their medical records reviewed.Results:One hundred twenty patients met the eligibility criteria. Twelve had an ESR >18 mm/hour on at least three occasions during at least 12 consecutive months with a simultaneous CRP <0.8 mg/dL. Eleven of these 12 had no signs or symptoms of active disease and had Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index scores <10 for at least 12 consecutive months while the ESR was elevated. Disease duration was similar in the 11 children with asymptomatic disease and with discordant ESR and CRP and in 108 children with concordant ESR and CRP (69.2 + 22.5 months v 54.3 ± 40.1 months, P = 0.0709). Duration of AZA or 6‐MP therapy was greater in the 11 children with asymptomatic disease and discordant ESR and CRP than in those with or without symptoms and with concordant ESR and CRP (58.1 ± 16.4 months v 36.6 ± 24.1 months, P = 0.0043). There were no differences between the groups with respect to diagnosis, location of disease, or age at onset of symptoms. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was somewhat larger in the children with discordant ESR and CRP than in the children with concordant ESR and CRP (91.4 ± 6.97 fL v 87.0 ± 7.07 fL, respectively, P = 0.0373); however, in both groups, the MCV was in the normal range. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, white blood cell count, serum albumin, total serum protein, or estimated serum globulin between the groups.Conclusions:The results suggest that among children treated with AZA or 6‐MP, CRP may be a more reliable indirect indicator of inflammation than ESR. This report alerts clinicians that some children taking AZA or 6‐MP may have persistent elevation of the ESR with a normal CRP and have no clinical evidence of active disease.
Advances in Endoscopy and Other Diagnostic Techniques: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Olives Jean‐Pierre , Bontems Patrick , Costaguta Alejandro , Fritscher‐Ravens Annette , Gilger Mark , Narkewickz Michael , Ni Yen‐Hsuan , Spolidoro José , Thomson Mike 
Published: January 2024

Research
Endoscopic ultrasound: To evaluate the usefulness of endoscopy ultrasound in the management of gastrointestinal, hepatic and pancreatic disease in children; and to explore possible future applications in new fields (e.g., oncology).
Digital imaging for endoscopy: 1. Structured archive of video sequences and/or images. 2. Illustrating endoscopy reports.
Virtual endoscopy in children: 1. To determine the usefulness of computed tomographic colonography (CTC) in the detection of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in pediatrics. 2. To develop CTC protocols for pediatric patients, if the technique proves to be effective in detecting gastrointestinal lesions in these patients.
Intervention
Endoscopic ultrasound: To expand the use and reduce the cost of endoscopy ultrasound in children.
Digital imaging for endoscopy: To require and to standardize illustrated reports as a means of information for parents and as a legal proof.
Virtual endoscopy in children: To define the place of “virtual” examinations as an option to replace invasive procedures.
Education
Endoscopic ultrasound: 1. To improve the knowledge of our colleagues about the use of endoscopy ultrasound in pediatrics. 2. To promote the worldwide development on centers that have mastered the technique.
Digital imaging for endoscopy: 1. Better understanding of these technologies as regards daily practice and the selection of new medical products. 2. Provide articles to explain: video format (definition of frame rate and resolution, color definitions etc), and relational databases, web applications, etc., incorporate this information in annual courses.
Virtual endoscopy in children: 1. To improve the knowledge of our colleagues about the possible uses and limitations of CTC in pediatrics. 2. To promote the worldwide development of centers that have mastered the technique as reference facilities.
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gastroesophageal Reflux and Neurogastroenterology: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Di Lorenzo Carlo , Benninga Marc A. , Forbes David , Morais Mauro B. , Morera Claudio , Rudolph Colin , Staiano Annamaria , Sullivan Peter B. , Tobin Jacinta 
Published: January 2024

Research
Investigation of enteric neurobiology and development of the enteric nervous system.
Neuro‐immunology and the gut: characterization of the interactions between the central nervous system, enteric nervous system and immune system.
Evaluation of the role of early life events in the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Intervention
evelopment of multicenter, controlled studies aimed at evaluating epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of functional bowel disorders.
Creation of a tissue bank for children with enteric neuromuscular disorders.
Validation of the Rome II diagnostic criteria at the general practitioner and specialty level.
Education
Train physicians and researchers in performing motility, sensory, and laboratory assessment in the field of enteric neuromuscular disorders.
Educate primary care physicians in the evaluation and treatment of GER and other functional bowel disorders.
Educate care providers on the high incidence of enteric neuromuscular disorders and the special needs of children with neurologic handicaps.
Intestinal Infections and Environmental Enteropathy: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Salazar‐Lindo Eduardo , Allen Stephen , Brewster David R. , Elliott Elizabeth J. , Fasano Alessio , Phillips Alan D. , Sanderson Ian R. , Tarr Phillip I. 
Published: January 2024

Research
Determine criteria to establish the pathogenicity of candidate diarrheagenic agents and document any evidence of synergistic effects between pathogens.
Determine the benefits of a specific diagnosis for disease etiology to patients and their communities, and determine the cost‐effectiveness and feasibility of the diagnostic methods used.
Determine the etiology and pathogenesis of mucosal damage in environmental enteropathy, and determine the extent to which growth falters because of this disorder.
Intervention
Determine the most effective strategies to prevent enteric infections, including vaccination.
Determine the most effective strategies to prevent antimicrobial resistance and to achieve global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to enteric pathogens.
Determine if certain interventions can prevent or reduce environmental enteropathy and promote growth, especially during weaning.
Education
Determine the best clinical management regimens and algorithms used in different regions of the world for acute watery diarrhea, dysentery and persistent diarrhea.
Determine the most effective educational approaches to improving hygiene behavior, especially for poor families.
Training in basic research in environmental enteropathy.
Pancreatic Disorders and Cystic Fibrosis: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Belkind‐Gerson Jaime , Fernandez‐Peters Adriana , Furnes Raquel , Oliver Mark , Perrault Jean , Robertson Marli , Witt Heiko 
Published: January 2024

Research
Determine the genotype/phenotype relationship in cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis and Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome, including its prognostic and predictive significance.
Development of optimal monitoring of pancreatic function with the aim of developing common protocols.
Development and validation of classification and definitions of disease, multicenter research protocols and evidence‐based therapeutic guidelines for pancreatitis in children.
Intervention
Develop guidelines for appropriate and targeted genetic testing for hereditary pancreatitis in children.
Develop support groups, particularly for children with chronic and relapsing pancreatitis, and develop websites that allow easy access to accurate information.
Set up an international clinical and basic‐science register for Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome and other childhood pancreatic diseases. The register should include gene mutations, clinical aspects, complications, clinical trials etc., and make redundant tissue from pancreatic transplant programs available to basic science research.
Education
Promote continuous training of health professionals as regards the diagnosis and management of childhood acute and chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis liver disease and the rarer causes of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction such as Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome and Pearson‐bone marrow syndrome.
Improve training for medical and non‐medical staff in the nutritional support of cystic fibrosis patients, and extend pediatric gastrointestinal tract training to include post‐transplantation patients, and patients that are going from pediatric care to adult care.
Create new communication pathways (links between expert groups from different countries, nomination of medical advisory boards and bi‐annual international scientific meetings) to promote better understanding, research and knowledge of pancreatic disorders and to improve databases to enable an adequate long‐term follow up of patients.
CD1d‐Restricted T Cell Pathways at the Epithelial‐Lymphocyte‐Luminal Interface
Authors: Kaser Arthur , Nieuwenhuis Edward E. S. , Strober Warren , Fuss Ivan , Colgan Sean , Blumberg Richard S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe mucosal‐associated lymphoid tissues, including the gut‐associated lymphoid tissues, represent a tightly regulated environment that, on the one hand, must resist microbial invasions and on the other hand, when perturbed, causes inflammation such as that associated with inflammatory bowel disease. One type of regulatory cellular subset that has recently gained attention in this compartment is the subset of T cells that are associated with CD1d‐restricted responses. Recently, CD1d‐restricted T cells have been increasingly appreciated to play a significant role in mucosal tissues of the intestine and lung, for example. In this review, we focus on recent observations in the characteristics of CD1d‐restricted pathways in mucosal compartments after a brief introduction to the biology of CD1d and CD1d‐restricted T cells.
A case report of the treatment of narcissistic personality disorder with transference focused psychotherapy
Authors: Bird Joanna , Caligor Eve 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe following case study provides a description of the transference‐focused psychotherapy (TFP) treatment of a young man diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). TFP is an individual, psychodynamic therapy developed to treat a range of personality disorders. TFP is evidence‐based for the treatment of borderline personality disorder and has been adapted for the treatment of NPD. This case illustrates the application of the strategies and techniques of TFP to treatment of NPD as well as challenges clinicians may face in arriving at timely diagnosis of the disorder. Although no specific treatment for NPD has been empirically validated, TFP utilizes the therapeutic techniques identified across modalities for successful treatment of pathological narcissism. This report describes how treatment interventions such as goal setting, developing a therapeutic alliance, using a treatment contract and addressing treatment interfering behaviors contributed to this patient's improvement in self‐reflection, formation of healthier and more flexible ideas about self and other, increased self‐agency, tolerance of normative disillusionments and increase in empathy.
Analogy between a moving line source illuminating a metallic wire and Compton scattering experiment
Authors: Marvasti Mohammad , Boutayeb Halim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an electromagnetic analysis of a moving infinitely long line source illuminating an infinitely long metallic wire at rest. The study uses the full‐wave numerical finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which is based on the spatial and temporal discretization of Maxwell's equations. Movement is computed within the FDTD technique by varying the position of the line source at each time loop. An analogy is proposed between the wavelength spectrum of the simulated electromagnetic field and the Compton scattering experiment. A good agreement is obtained between theoretical analysis, numerical results, and Compton experimental data.
Opportunities and challenges for strawberry cultivation in urban food production systems
Authors: Kouloumprouka Zacharaki Aikaterini , Monaghan James M. , Bromley Jennifer R. , Vickers Laura H. 
Published: January 2024

Societal Impact StatementCultivation of strawberry plants in urban production systems, whether in green open‐air spaces or under some form of protected horticulture such as vertical farming, has demonstrated to be challenging to new farmers and businesses. Commercial strawberry producers have an advanced understanding of strawberry plant physiology, enabling them to grow the crop successfully and profitably. Lack of knowledge exchange between commercial growers and new urban farmers seems to result in the abandonment of strawberries as crop of choice in urban systems. This review will confront the specific plant science challenges urban growers need to address to incorporate this nutritional crop into their revolutionary urban growing systems, whilst achieving good quality produce with high yields.SummaryTo ensure a sustainable future of farming, urban horticulture (UH) will need to be a key part of our everyday life. There are increasing demands for higher productivity and more locally produced food, even close to densely populated urban areas, to address environmental pressures and accelerate the resilience of modern food systems. UH is a broad term and can include numerous cultivation methods; rooftop gardens, public spaces, vertical walls, indoor vertical farms, as well as an array of crops including, salads, soft fruits and trees. Crops such as strawberries are expected to soon make a significant contribution to UH. Urban strawberry production promises all‐year round fruit availability, reduced reliance on imports, increased self‐sufficiency, lower food miles, a supply of high‐quality fresh fruits from hyper‐local spaces, increased employment opportunities, welfare benefits and an opportunity to promote a sense of community. Strawberry is a complex perennial crop with agronomical challenges, which requires specialist knowledge that is not always available to new urban farmers. Achieving an urban version of a strawberry field will require knowledge exchange between the commercial rural strawberry producers and the newly entered urban growers. Plant physiology, management of plant pathogens, choice of propagation material, fertigation, pollination and environmental requirements are the most common challenges for urban strawberry production. This review aims to consolidate the common bottleneck challenges of UH for new urban strawberry facilities.