bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the Impaired Adult Cleft Patient: The Last Chance
Authors: Felemovicius J. , Ortiz-Monasterio F. 
Published: September 2004

Objective Unfortunately, not all patients receive the benefits of a well-trained, experienced, multidisciplinary cleft team, and a significant number of patients reach adulthood with severe neglected cleft related problems. The vast majority of this group have made their way through several surgical procedures, usually performed by different surgeons in different centers, and still carry the original cleft stigmata aggravated by variable degrees of maxillary hypoplasia, fistulae, scarring, muscle pull, soft tissue tension, lost teeth, dental adaptation, and instability of bony fragments. Adult patients who reach this stage with their original deformities have, in most instances, lost their best opportunity to be properly treated. With this assumption in mind, an aggressive surgical plan focused mainly on the deformities that can objectively achieve functional and aesthetical improvement should be individualized for each patient. In this article, experience with 38 consecutive adult patients with cleft managed following a two-stage protocol used at our cleft clinic for the last 4 years is presented. Conclusion An algorithm to help definitively solve these deformities is suggested.
Demographic and Reproductive Factors Associated with Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Werler Martha M. , Sheehan Jane E. , Hayes Catherine , Padwa Bonnie L. , Mitchell Allen A. , Mulliken John B. 
Published: September 2004

Objective To identify demographic and reproductive risk factors for hemifacial microsomia in offspring. Design In a case-control study, maternal interviews were conducted within 3 years after delivery. Cases with hemifacial microsomia were ascertained from craniofacial centers in 26 cities in the United States and Canada. Controls were patients of the cases’ pediatricians. Two hundred thirty-nine cases were compared with 854 controls. Odds ratios for various infant and maternal factors were estimated. Results Cases had lower birth weights, were more often male or a twin, and had more relatives with craniofacial malformations or hearing loss than controls. Case mothers had lower family incomes, had a lower body mass index, had more vaginal bleeding in the second trimester, and were more likely to have had a spontaneous abortion in a previous pregnancy. Conclusions Nonmodifiable factors (age and parity) were not associated with hemifacial microsomia risk. Factors that are related to poverty (low family income, late recognition of pregnancy, and low body mass index) are associated with an increase in risk. High risk estimates for multiple pregnancies and second-trimester vaginal bleeding suggest a vascular etiology.
Approaches of South African Traditional Healers regarding the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Dagher Danielle , Ross Eleanor 
Published: September 2004

Objective Due to the large number of Black South Africans known to consult with traditional healers and the influential role they play in the developing world, this study investigated the approaches of a group of 15 traditional healers toward the treatment of cleft lip and palate. Design An exploratory-descriptive, qualitative research design was employed, which involved the use of standardized, semistructured interviews, conducted with the assistance of an interpreter who was fluent in several African languages. Setting Interviews were conducted outdoors in places in which traditional healers usually consult with their patients. These areas were in the fields close to the traditional healers’ homes or under a highway bridge in the Johannesburg inner city. Participants Individual interviews were conducted with 15 African traditional healers who had been practicing in their callings for at least 1 year. Results Traditional healers interviewed had treated one to six persons with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both. Most informants believed that clefts were caused by the ancestors, spirits, and witchcraft. A variety of plant and animal products were used to treat these conditions and were augmented by spiritual resources from the ancestors. All except one healer had undergone formal training, although they had received no specific training relative to cleft lip and palate. Most participants reported referring patients to Western health care practitioners who were referred to as modern doctors but did not receive reciprocal referrals from these professionals. Patients generally consulted with traditional healers because this approach was part of their culture. Conclusions These findings have important implications for health care professionals as well as traditional healers in terms of cross-cultural consultation, collaboration, and information sharing with regard to cleft lip and palate; the potential use of traditional healers in primary health care and education; and further research.
Fusarium incarnatum isolated from black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, with black gill disease cultured in Vietnam
Authors: Khoa L V , Hatai K , Aoki T 
Published: September 2004

Abstract Fusarium incarnatum was isolated from gill lesions of cultured black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, in every crop during 2000–2002 in Nghe An province, Vietnam. Infected shrimps showed typical signs of black gill disease and mortalities about a month prior to harvest. Detailed morphological examinations, as well as molecular phylogenic analyses based on partial nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA, were made on the isolates. An artificial infection of kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus, using two selected isolates was also conducted and their pathogenicity determined.
Effects of a sweet and a nonsweet lunch on short‐term appetite: differences in female high and low consumers of sweet/low‐energy beverages
Authors: Appleton K. M. , Rogers P. J. , Blundell J. E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIntroduction  Effects of sweet taste on short‐term appetite are still being actively researched. This study investigates the proposal that the effects of sweet tastes on appetite may differ as a result of differing habitual experiences of sweetness with or without energy.Methods  Effects of sweet tastes on appetite were investigated in habitual high and low consumers of sweet/low‐energy beverages. Sweet taste was manipulated in a preload lunch and appetite was subsequently measured using test meal intake and subjective ratings of general and specific appetites.Results  The effects of the sweet and nonsweet lunch on short‐term appetite differed significantly in high and low consumers of sweet/low‐energy beverages, in subjective ratings of appetite for something sweet [consumer × preload × time interaction F(12,126) = 2.68, P = 0.003] and appetite for something savoury [consumer × preload × time interaction F(12,126) = 3.17, P = 0.001]. Effects in low consumers of sweetness without energy demonstrate close association between taste and energy, whereas effects in high consumers suggest a dissociation between taste and energy in these consumers.Discussion  These findings provide a further indication that the short‐term control of appetite varies according to the habitual pattern of dietary intake. The long‐term experience of sweetness without energy influences appetite for sweet and savoury tastes.
Inter‐brand differences in iron content of breakfast cereals and their impact on measurement of iron intake
Authors: O'Hara B. A. , Greenwood D. C. , Burley V. J. , Cade J. E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground/aims  Fortified breakfast cereals (FBCs) are an important source of iron in the UK diet. In order to quantify their contribution to iron nutrition, food composition data for these products must be accurate. The very large amount of products available, together with inter‐brand differences in iron content mean that discrepancies between the iron content of many FBCs and values in standard food composition databases (FCD) exist. The variation in reported iron contents of FBCs was examined and the impact of this variation on measurement of iron intake using standard food composition tables was investigated.Method  Data on the reported iron content of 128 FBCs were collected. Completed food diaries from 291 participants of the UK Women's Cohort study were used in the analysis. Mean iron intake from a 4‐day food diary was calculated using UK food tables’ values for FBCs. This was repeated using values reported by the manufacturer for each brand of cereal. The two sets of results were then compared.Results  There is wide variation in iron content of breakfast cereals available in the United Kingdom. Use of FCD values instead of brand‐specific values under‐ or overestimates an individual's iron intake by as much as 28 or 22% respectively. These results suggest that use of FCD values for breakfast cereals is potentially a source of substantial error in measurement of individuals’ iron intake.Conclusion  Dietitians need to be aware of inter‐brand differences in iron content and formulate advice accordingly. Failure to collect brand‐specific data for the iron content of FBCs could lead to measurement error in measuring iron intake in dietary studies.
Binding Studies on the Combining Site of a GalNAcα1→‐Specific Lectin with Thomsen‐Friedenreich Activity Prepared from Green Marine Algae Codium fragile Subspecies Tomentosoides
Authors: Wu Albert M. , Song Shuh‐Chyung , Hwang Pei‐Yi , Wu June H. , Chang Kenneth S. S. 
Published: September 2004

The combining site of a GalNAα1→‐specific lectin (CFT) with Thomsen‐Friedenreich (T, Galβ1→‐3‐GalNAcα1→Ser/Thr) activity, purified from the subspecies tomentosoides of green marine algae Codium fragile was studied by quantitative precipitin and precipitin‐inhibition assays. Of 27 glycoforms tested, Tn (GalNAcα1→Ser/Thr) glycoprotein from armadillo submandibular glands, and asialo porcine submandibular glycoprotein, which contains T, Tn and GalNAcα1→3Gal(A) sequences, completely precipitated the lectin added, and less than 1 μg glycoprotein was required to precipitate 50% 4.7 μg lectin nitrogen. However, CFT precipitated negligibly with Pneumococcus type‐XIV polysaccharide and asialo human α1‐acid glycoprotein, that contain exclusively the human blood‐type‐II precursor sequence (II, Galβ1→4GlcNAc) at the nonreducing ends. Among the sugar inhibitors tested, the human blood A‐active trisaccharide [Ah, GalNAcα1→3(lFucα1→2)Gal] was the best inhibitor; it was about twice as active as the T disaccharide.Oligosaccharides without GalNAcα1→ as part of their sequences were inactive, indicating that the acetamido group at C2 of galactose is essential for binding and that GalNAc is the main contributor in the T sequence for binding. From the data provided, it is clear that the combining site of CFT requires an α‐anomer of GalNAc and recognizes Ah, internal GalNAcα1→ of T and Tn determinants of glycans, but not the blood group I/II (Galβ1→3/4GlcNAc) sequences. Consequently, CFT is a useful reagent for detecting GalNAcα1→‐containing glycoconjugates.
The Structure of the Lipid A‐Core Region of the Lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae O1 Smooth Strain 569B (Inaba) and Rough Mutant Strain 95R (Ogawa)
Authors: Vinogradov Evgeny V. , Bock Klaus , Holst Otto , Brade Helmut 
Published: September 2004

The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Vibrio cholerae 95R, a rough mutant strain of O1 V. cholerae 162 (Ogawa), and from smooth O1 V cholerae 569B (Inaba) were de‐O‐acylated. In each case, one part of the products was treated with 48% aqueous HF which removed the phosphoryl and fructose residues, then reduced, de‐N‐acylated, and N‐acetylated. Another part was de‐N‐acylated by treatment with hot KOH. The products of both degradation pathways were separated by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography. The major dephosphorylated and defructosylated product 1 was obtained in pure form, whereas the minor products 2 and 3 were eluted as a mixture, as were, from the second degradation, the phosphorylated oligosaccharides 4 (major product) and 5 (minor product). No phosphorylated component corresponding to oligosaccharide 3 could be identified by NMR spectroscopy in the latter mixture. The following structures of oligosaccharides 1–5 were established on the basis of monosaccharide and methylation analyses, Smith degradation, and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR investigations (correlated, total correlated, NOE and heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy; all sugars are present as α‐d‐pyranoses except where indicated otherwise; Hep, l‐glycero‐d‐manno‐hsptose; Kdo, 3‐deoxy‐d‐manno‐2‐octulosonic acid).
image
In the untreated lipopolysaccharide, the amino group of the non‐reducing terminal glucosamine residue is not substituted.
Temperature‐Induced Changes in Fluorescence Properties as a Probe of Porphyrin Microenvironment in Lipid Membranes
Authors: Ricchelli Fernanda , Gobbo Silvano , Jori Giulio , Salet Christian , Moreno Giuliana 
Published: September 2004

The temperature dependence of hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) was studied after delivery to whole mitochondria or isolated inner (IMM) and outer (OMM) mitochondrial membranes, obtained from liver of Wistar rats. These studies are very sensitive to variations of the porphyrin lipid environment. Before incorporation, the porphyrins were dissolved in 0.01 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4) NaCl/Pi (only hematoporphyrin) or dispersed into liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphogiycerocholine (Pam2GroPCho), sometimes enriched with cholesterol or cardiolipin. Whole mitochondria show higher incorporation capacity of hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin than isolated IMM and OMM, probably because additional, energy‐sensitive transport mechanisms for the porphyrin uptake occur in intact organelles. A small decrease in protoporphyrin uptake is observed in OMM in comparison with IMM; in contrast, the decrease in hematoporphyrin uptake by OMM is rather significant.A comparison between the results obtained with IMM, OMM and whole mitochondria show that both porphyrins, when released to the intact organelles, preferentially localize in the IMM, irrespective of the lipid carrier used. NaCl/Pi‐dissolved hematoporphyrin probably interacts with some membrane proteins, due to the similarity of the Arrhenius plots with those obtained for liposome‐entrapped human serum albumin/hematoporphyrin complexes which were used as models to mimic hematoporphyrin‐membrane protein binding sites. Liposomal hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin bind to lipid domains. Hematoporphyrin accumulates in specific, localized lipid regions, perhaps in the boundary lipids area surrounding some inner‐mitochondrial carriers; protoporphyrin accomodates in more rigid, lipid areas. On these bases, the higher photoactivity of hematoporphyrin, previously observed in mitochondria, in comparison with protoporphyrin, can be easily explained.Formation of linear dimers/aggregates, endowed with higher ΦF than that of the monomers, are postulated to occur for both porphyrins only in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Incidence of end‐stage renal disease in overseas‐born, compared with Australian‐born, non‐indigenous Australians
Authors: STEWART JOHN H , MCCREDIE MARGARET RE , MCDONALD STEPHEN P 
Published: September 2004

SUMMARY:Background:   Barriers to immigration from non‐European sources were relaxed in the 1970s. As a result, more Australians are now of Middle Eastern, Asian or Pacific Islander origin, rather than British or European. Currently, overseas‐born persons comprise one‐third of non‐indigenous Australians with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).Methods:  Using data recorded by the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated for ESRD due to all causes and to certain primary renal diseases for all non‐indigenous Australians who were aged over 15 years when first treated for ESRD between 1993 and 2001. Truncated age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated for ESRD due to glomerulonephritis by type.Results:  Immigrants from the British Isles and ‘rest of Europe’ had less, and those from the Pacific Island nations, East/South‐East Asia, Indian subcontinent, Middle East and Southern Europe more ESRD from all causes than the Australian‐born. Two diseases accounted for most of the excess: Type 2 diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis (the latter not significant for the Indian‐born). There was a small excess (not always significant) of hypertensive/arteriopathic renal disease in Asian‐ and Middle Eastern‐born persons. The East/South‐East Asian‐born had the highest rates  of  ESRD  due  to mesangial  immunoglobulin  A  (IgA)  disease  and  lupus  nephritis,  and  the  Middle  Eastern‐born the highest rates from focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis.Conclusion:  For Australians born in the Pacific Island nations, Asia, the Middle East or Southern Europe, excess prevalence of, and/or susceptibility to, diseases that cause ESRD has more than offset any ‘healthy migrant’ effect.
MULTICENTRE COLLABORATIVE PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Ida Kazunori , Nakazawa Saburo , Yoshino Junji , Hiki Yoshiki , Akamatsu Taiji , Asaki Shigeru , Kurihara Minoru , Shimao Hitoshi , Tada Masahiro , Misumi Atsunobu , Kato Takahiro , Niwa Hirohumi 
Published: September 2004

Aims:  The present study was conducted with the aims of elucidating the present state of endoscopic treatment, in particular endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastric cancer, as well as any associated problems, and the prospects for further broadening of the indications for EMR.Subjects and methods:  This study was begun in 1994 and completed in 2002. Lesions were classiﬁed into Group I, with macroscopic appearance of 0–I, IIa, IIb or IIc·U1(–), well‐ to moderately differentiated intramucosal carcinoma ≤ 20 mm in diameter, and Group II, with the same macroscopic appearance as Group I, intramucosal carcinoma either the same histological type with diameter 21–40 mm, or undifferentiated carcinoma ≤ 40 mm in diameter. Of the 412 subjects registered (Group I, 305 subjects; Group II, 107 subjects, including seven undifferentiated carcinoma cases), 258 were evaluated (Group I, 199 subjects; Group II, 59 subjects including seven undifferentiated carcinoma).Results:  The overall complete excision rate for Group I was 71.9%, and was 82.4% for ≤ 10 mm, 67.2% for 11–15 mm, and 45.5% for 16–20 mm, thus declining with increasing lesion size. The long‐term results, including cases of additional treatment for residual cancer following the original EMR, showed that recurrence occurred in eight out of 199 cases (4.0%), in ﬁve of whom local cure was achieved with endoscopic treatment, giving a ﬁnal local cure in 196 cases (98.5%). The overall complete excision rate for Group II differentiated carcinoma was 46.2%. With the inclusion of additional treatment, local cure was achieved with endoscopic treatment in 57 out of 59 cases (96.6%). The remaining two cases of recurrence underwent open surgery.Conclusion:  Regardless of Group I or II classiﬁcation, if the diagnosis of intramucosal cancer from the specimen resected at the initial EMR is histologically correct, then local cure can be achieved with endoscopic treatment, including cases of recurrence, with appropriate follow up and use of concomitant techniques such as piecemeal resection and coagulation therapy. The indications for endoscopic treatment can now reasonably be widened to include Group II lesions.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT USING A SELF‐EXPANDABLE METALLIC STENT IN THE PALLIATION FOR UNRESECTABLE MALIGNANT OBSTRUCTION OF THE COLON AND RECTUM
Authors: Maeda Kiyoshi , Inoue Toru , Yashiro Masakazu , Nishihara Tamahiro , Nishiguchi Yukio , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: September 2004

Background:  We attempted the placement of a self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) for unresectable malignant obstruction of the proximal colon as well as obstruction of the distal colon and rectum, using a technical device.Patients and methods:  Thirty patients were selected to place SEMS. The procedure was performed under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. As a technical device, we used an angiographic introducer to straighten the rectosigmoid region. Moreover, we used a transparent hood to easily obtain a front view of the stricture.Results:  Of 30 cases of attempted SEMS placement, SEMS was successfully placed in 26 (87%). The technical success rate was 82% (9/11) in strictures of the proximal colon, while it was 89% (17/19) in those of the distal colon or rectum. According to complications, stent migration occurred in one patient (3%) and restenosis was also observed in one patient (3%).Conclusion:  Placement of SEMS is a feasible and effective adjunct and alternative to stoma in malignant large bowel obstruction.
COMPARING BALLOON DIAMETER ON PERFORMING ENDOSCOPIC PAPILLARY BALLOON DILATATION WITH ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE DRIP INFUSION FOR REMOVAL OF BILE DUCT STONES
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) is one of the methods to remove bile duct stones. EPBD might preserve the function of the sphincter of Oddi despite the potential risk of acute pancreatitis. There are only a few reports of EPBD reducing the risk of acute pancreatitis and, at same time, preserving the function of the sphincter of Oddi.Methods:  We performed EPBD for bile duct stone removal in 60 patients using two balloons with different diameters. Patients were randomized to EPBD with a 6 mm balloon (n = 30) or an 8 mm balloon (n = 30). In both groups, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was infused in a rate of 5 mg/h while low pressure EPBD were being performed. The pressure of the sphincter of Oddi was observed before and after the EPBD procedures. Also, serum amylase level after EPBD was observed for both groups.Results:  Serum amylase level of the 6 mm group was signiﬁcantly higher than that of the 8 mm group (P < 0.05). Acute pancreatitis occurred in two patients ( 6.7%) in the 6 mm group whereas no case was observed for the 8 mm group. The rates of duct clearance were 93% in the 6 mm group and 100% in the 8 mm group. Stone removals were difﬁcult in seven cases with 6 mm balloon dilatations due to the narrow oriﬁces of the papilla. In the 6 mm group, there was no signiﬁcant difference between the basal sphincter of Oddi pressure (BSOP) and the phasic sphincter of Oddi pressure (PSOP) before and after EPBD. However in the 8 mm group, the BSOP observed after the EPBD procedure was signiﬁcantly higher than BSOP before the treatments. Within this group, BSOP values after EPBD were preserved by approximately 80% of the BSOP values before the treatments. In contrast, there was no signiﬁcant difference in PSOP before and after the treatments. Regarding the stone numbers, no signiﬁcant difference was observed in BSOP before and after the treatments for the 6 mm group with less than two stones. Also, as for stone size, no signiﬁcant difference was observed in BSOP before and after the treatments for the 6 mm group with stones of less than 6 mm in diameter.Conclusion:  We are now conducting EPBD with ISDN infusion using a 6 mm balloon for a patient who has less than two stones with size not exceeding 6 mm in diameter. An 8 mm balloon is used for a patient with more than two stones or a stone greater than 6 mm in size.