bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Trifluoroacetate: an Efficient Difluorocarbene Precursor for Alkenes
Authors: Chang Ying , Cai Chun 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A novel and efficient difluorocarbene precursor was achieved. In a convenient procedure, a variety of alkenes could be gem-difluorocyclopropanated with sodium trifluoroacetate to give the corresponding products in moderate to high yields, using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the catalyst.
Synthesis and Characterization of Host (Nanodimensional Pores of Zeolite-Y)–Guest [Unsaturated 16-Membered Octaaza–macrocycle Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Complexes] Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Salavati-Niasari Masoud 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Nanodimensional pores of zeolite-Y (host) encapsulated Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes of unsaturated 16-membered octaaza–macrocycle (guest), 3,4,7,8,11,12,15,16-octamethyl-1,2,5,6,9,10,13,14-octaaza[16]annulene “Me8[16]aneN8”, were synthesized and characterized.
One-step Synthesis of Aluminum Acetylacetonate from [AlO(OH)]n (Boehmite) in Water
Authors: Katakura Ryo , Koide Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Aluminum acetylacetonate, Al(acac)3, was prepared in the reaction between the mineral boehmite, [AlO(OH)]n, and acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione; Hacac) in water. In this one-step synthesis, the pale yellow crystalline product precipitated out of the solution. Characterization of the recrystallized crystal by mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), 1H NMR, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) was consistent with Al(acac)3. This is the first example of the preparation of the six-coordinate aluminum compound from boehmite.
Preparation of an Azacrowned Isoluminol and Its Chemiluminescence Initiated by Alkali-metal Iodides in Acetonitrile
Authors: Okamoto Hideki , Kimura Masaru 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The novel azacrowned isoluminol has been prepared as the first luminol analogue possessing an azacrown ionophore. The crowned isoluminol displayed flash chemiluminescence upon addition of alkali-metal iodides in acetonitrile containing alkaline hydrogen peroxide and the chemiluminescence intensity varied depending on the metal cations studied; K+ &gt;&gt; Na+ &gt; Li+.
Extraordinary Doping Effects of Chiral Helical Linear Tetrapyrrole–Zn(II) Complexes on Chiral Nematic Induction of MBBA Liquid Crystal
Authors: Hamakubo Katsushi , Hama Shimpei , Yagi Shigeyuki , Nakazumi Hiroyuki , Mizutani Tadashi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The nematic liquid crystalline phase of N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-n-butylaniline (MBBA) was effectively transformed into the chiral nematic phase upon addition of zinc(II) complexes of the linear tetrapyrrole bearing chiral auxiliaries at the helix terminal.
Rotational osteotomies for congenital radioulnar synostosis
Authors: Ramachandran M. , Lau K. , Jones D. H. A. 
Published: September 2005

In five children, six forearms with a fixed pronation deformity secondary to congenital radioulnar synostosis were treated by a derotation osteotomy of the distal radius and the midshaft of the ulna. There were three boys and two girls with a mean age of 4.9 years (3.5 to 8.25) who were followed up for a mean of 29 months (18 to 43). The position of the forearm was improved from a mean pronation deformity of 68° (40° to 80°) to a pre-planned position of 10° of supination in all cases. Bony union was achieved by 6.3 weeks with no loss of correction. There was one major complication involving a distal radial osteotomy which required exploration for a possible compartment syndrome.
Childhood Graves’ ophthalmopathy: results of a European questionnaire study
Authors: Krassas G E , Segni M , Wiersinga W M 
Published: September 2005

Objective: Evaluation of the frequency of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and its management in children and adolescents up to 18 years old with Graves’ hyperthyroidism.Study design: This was a questionnaire study (QS) among members of the European Thyroid Association and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. Approximately 300 QS were sent to members with electronic addresses and 110 QS were returned from 25 countries: 52 respondents said they had no experience with Graves’ disease in this age group, but 67 respondents (23 paediatric and 44 adult endocrinologists) completed the QS.Results: Out of 1963 patients with juvenile Graves’ hyperthyroidism seen by respondents in the last 10 years, 641 (33%) had GO; about one-third of GO cases were ≤10 years old, and two-thirds were 11–18 years old. The prevalences of GO among juvenile Graves’ hyperthyroidism were 36.6, 27.3 and 25.9% in countries in which the smoking prevalence among teenagers was ≥25, 20–25 and <20% respectively (P< 0.0001 by χ2test). When confronted with the standard case of a 13-year-old girl with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and moderately severe active GO, the diagnostic approach included on average 4.9 biochemical tests (TSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH.R-Ab, 100-88% of respondents) and 2.4 specific investigations (thyroid ultrasound by 69%, orthopsy/visual fields/visual acuity by 64% and orbital magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography by 63%). Antithyroid drugs were the treatment of choice for 94% of respondents; 70% recommended a wait-and-see policy and 28% corticosteroids for the co-existing GO. In variants of the standard case, a younger age did not affect therapeutic approach very much. Recurrent hyperthyroidism would still be treated with antithyroid drugs by 66%, and with131I by 25%. Worsening of GO or active GO when euthyroid would convince about two-thirds of respondents to initiate treatment of GO, preferably with steroids.Conclusion: GO occurs in 33% of patients with juvenile Graves’ hyperthyroidism; its prevalence is higher in countries with a higher prevalence of smoking among teenagers. The diagnostic approach to the standard case of a 13-year-old with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and moderately severe active GO involves on average five biochemical tests; thyroid as well as orbital imaging is done in 84% of cases. Antithyroid drugs remain the treatment of choice for 94% of respondents, and even so in case of recurrences (66%). For GO, 70% recommend a wait-and-see policy; intervention, preferably with steroids, is advocated by two-thirds of respondents in cases of worsening or still-active eye disease despite euthyroidism.
Rosiglitazone for prevention or adjuvant treatment of Nelson’s syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy
Authors: Andreassen Mikkel , Kristensen Lars Østergaard 
Published: September 2005

Objective: To investigate the effect of Rosiglitazone in three patients treated with bilateral adrenalectomy followed by hyperpigmentation and hypersecretion of ACTH.
Patients and methods: One patient had increasing ACTH after previous transsphenoidal surgery for Nelson’s syndrome, and two patients without pituitary adenomas had recurrence of Cushing’s disease after primary and repeated transsphenoidal surgery with need for bilateral adrenalectomy. The patients developed hyperpigmentation and increasing ACTH at nadir 2–4 h after morning hydrocortisone dose. ACTH during Rosiglitazone therapy (4 mg/day for 4 weeks and then 8 mg/day) was measured at regular intervals 24 h after the latest dose of hydrocortisone.
Results: In two patients there was a decrease in ACTH by 40% after 5 months. The first of these patients showed an escape with increasing ACTH to the initial value after 11 months. In the third patient no effect was observed. Tumour development or progression on magnetic resonance imaging was not observed.
Conclusion: Rosiglitazone might represent an adjuvant therapy in patients with ACTH hypersecretion. Larger long-term studies are needed.
The negative association between total ghrelin levels, body mass and insulin secretion is lost in hypercortisolemic patients with Cushing’s disease
Authors: Giordano Roberta , Picu Andrea , Pagotto Uberto , De Iasio Rosaria , Bonelli Lorenza , Prodam Flavia , Broglio Fabio , Marafetti Lisa , Pasquali Renato , Maccario Mauro , Ghigo Ezio , Arvat Emanuela 
Published: September 2005

Objective: Ghrelin exerts a wide spectrum of endocrine and non-endocrine actions. The stomach is the major source of circulating ghrelin levels that are negatively associated with body mass, insulin and glucose levels. The role of glucocorticoids in ghrelin secretion and action is still unclear.
Design: In 8 patients with Cushing’s disease (CD, BMI 29.8 ± 1.6 kg/m2), 7 normal (NS) and 6 obese subjects (OB, BMI 32.9 ± 1.1 kg/m2) we studied: a) total ghrelin levels (every 15 min over 3 h) and their correlation with BMI, insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, ACTH and cortisol levels; b) GH, ACTH, cortisol, insulin and glucose responses to acylated ghrelin administration (1.0 μg/kg i.v. at 0 min).
Results: CD patients had BMI, insulin and glucose levels as well as HOMA index higher than those in NS (P < 0.05) but similar to those in OB. Despite this, total ghrelin levels in CD were similar to those in NS and both were higher (P < 0.05) than those in OB. No correlation was found among total ghrelin and BMI, insulin, glucose, ACTH and cortisol levels in CD patients. The GH responses to ghrelin in CD and OB were similar and both were lower (P < 0.002) than those in NS. In CD ghrelin induced exaggerated ACTH and cortisol responses clearly higher (P < 0.005) than in OB and NS. Ghrelin administration increased glucose in all groups; insulin levels showed slight decrease that was significant (P < 0.05) in OB only.
Conclusions: Hypercortisolism in humans is associated with impaired ghrelin secretion and action. In fact, total ghrelin secretion in CD is not reduced despite increased BMI, insulin and glucose levels, while the GH and ACTH responses to acylated ghrelin are clearly reduced and enhanced, respectively.
Effects of 3D discrete soil nail inclusion on pull-out, with implications for design
Authors: Tan S. A. , Dasari G. R. , Lee C. H. 
Published: September 2005

To reduce computational requirements, soil nail systems are usually modelled in finite elements as plane-strain models in which discrete nails are ‘smeared’ as continuous plates. The interaction of adjacent nails across horizontal spacing is assumed to be perfect. Intuitively, the interaction decreases as the spacing increases. A 3D study using a numerical pull-out model attempts to quantify the effect of various parameters on this effect, and hence provides guidelines for the zones of influence of nails according to finite element analysis. The guidelines provide an insight into the extent to which 2D plane-strain analysis is acceptable. The results are compared with numerical analyses from a single-row soil nail problem, and with case histories, to indicate the validity of the guidelines. Pour réduire les calculs, les systèmes de cloutage de sol sont généralement modélisés en éléments finis sous forme de modèles plan-déformation dans lesquels des clous discrets sont ‘étalés’ en plaques continues. L'interaction des clous adjacents à travers un espacement horizontal est supposée parfaite. Cependant, de manière intuitive, l'interaction diminue à mesure que l'espacement augmente. Une étude tridimensionnelle utilisant un modèle numérique d'arrachage tente de quantifier l'effet des divers paramè tres sur cet effet et, de là, de donner des lignes directrices pour les zones d'influence des clous selon les analyses d'éléments finis. Les directives donnent un aperçu de la mesure dans laquelle l'analyse bidimensionnelle plan-déformation est acceptable. Nous comparons les résultats avec les analyses numériques effectuées sur un problème de clous de sol àun seul rang ainsi qu'avec des études de cas, pour indiquer la validité de ces directives.
Effect of constrained dilatancy on pull-out resistance of nails in sandy clay
Authors: Chai X. J. , Hayashi S. 
Published: September 2005

Soil-nailing technology has been widely used for the support of excavations, and for slope stability. For the design of a soil-nailing system, the pull-out resistance of the individual nails is of paramount importance. In this study, from an objective of strengthening the ground for the preservation of historical kiln sites, a combined technology of chemical grouting and soil nailing called the ‘earth sewing technique’ is presented. Field and laboratory model scale pull-out tests have been conducted to investigate the mobilisation of pull-out force. Triaxial and direct shear tests were performed to investigate and interpret the ultimate bond stress of nails. It has been shown that water content influences the pull-out capacity of nails in unsaturated sandy clay, not only through shear strength parameters, but also through additional normal stress due to constrained dilatancy. La technologie de cloutage des sols a été largement utilisée pour soutenir les excavations et stabiliser les pentes. Pour la conception d'un système de cloutage de sol, la résistance à l'arrachage des clous individuels a une importance primordiale. Dans cette étude, nous présentons, avec pour objectif de renforcer un sol pour la préservation d'un site historique, une technologie de cimentation chimique et de cloutage combinée appelée ‘technique de couture terrestre’. Des essais d'arrachage sur le terrain et sur modèle de laboratoire à échelle ont été menés pour enquêter sur la mobilisation de la force d'arrachage. Des essais de cisaillement triaxiaux et directs ont été réalisés pour étudier et interpréter la contrainte d'adhérence ultime des clous. Nous avons montré que la teneur en eau influence la capacité d'arrachage des clous dans de l'argile sableuse non saturée non seulement à cause des paramètres de résistance au cisaillement mais aussi à cause de la contrainte normale additionnelle due à la dilatance contrainte.
Evaluation of gravel drains and compacted sand piles in mitigating liquefaction
Authors: Sadrekarimi A. , Ghalandarzadeh A. 
Published: September 2005

Liquefaction induced by earthquakes can cause major destruction to foundations and buildings, mainly as a result of excess pore water pressure generation and softening of the subsoil. Several remediation methods are performed that reduce the excess pore pressure, enhance the shear deformability of the soil, and fortify the soil. Two well-known methods—gravel drains and compacted sand piles—are discussed and compared in this paper. Some precisely prepared 1g shaking table tests are performed regarding these methods. Tests are done with and without the presence of an improvement method, and the accelerations, pore water pressures and settlements are monitored during the tests. The outcomes, judged against each other, reveal that compacted sand piles are more efficient than gravel drains in the case of liquefaction resistance and settlement of the subsoil during the shaking period. Nevertheless, after shaking, the efficiency of the gravel drains is ameliorated by the means of excess pore pressure dissipation. La liquéfaction provoquée par les séismes peut gravement endommager les fondations et les âtiments, principalement à cause d'une pression d'eau de pore excessive et d'un amollissement du sous-sol. Plusieurs remèdes sont employés pour réduire la pression interstitielle excessive, améliorer la déformabilité au cisaillement du sol et fortifier le sol. Nous examinons et é valuons ici deux méthodes bien connues, celle des drains de graviers et celle des piles de sable compacté. Nous effectuons des essais sur table à secousse sur 1g préparé avec précision pour é valuer ces méthodes. Les essais sont menés avec et sans la présence d'une méthode d'amélioration; l'accélération, les pressions d'eau de pore et les tassements sont contrôlés pendant les essais. Les résultats, jugés les uns par rapport aux autres, montrent que les piles de sable compacté sont plus efficaces que les drains de gravier en ce qui concerne la résistance à la liquéfaction et le tassement du sous-sol pendant la période de secousse. Cependant, après les secousses, l'efficacité des drains de gravier est améliorée en raison de la dissipation de la pression interstitielle excessive
Ongoing Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Inmates at a State Correctional Facility
Authors: Khan Amy J. , Simard Edgar P. , Bower William A. , Wurtzel Heather L. , Khristova Marina , Wagner Karla D. , Arnold Kathryn E. , Nainan Omana V. , LaMarre Madeleine , Bell Beth P. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We sought to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prevalence, associated exposures, and incidence among male inmates at a state correctional facility. Methods. A cross-sectional serological survey was conducted in June 2000, and susceptible inmates were retested in June 2001. Results. At baseline, 230 inmates (20.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=18.2%, 22.9%) exhibited evidence of HBV infection, including 11 acute and 11 chronic infections. Inmates with HBV infection were more likely than susceptible inmates to have injected drugs (38.8% vs 18.0%; adjusted prevalence odds ratio [OR]=3.0; 95% CI=1.9, 4.9), to have had more than 25 female sex partners (27.7% vs 17.5%; adjusted prevalence OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.4, 3.0), and to have been incarcerated for more than 14 years (38.4% vs 17.6%; adjusted prevalence OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.1, 2.6). One year later, 18 (3.6%) showed evidence of new HBV infection. Among 19 individuals with infections, molecular analysis identified 2 clusters involving 10 inmates, each with a unique HBV sequence. Conclusions. We documented ongoing HBV transmission at a state correctional facility. Similar transmission may occur at other US correctional facilities and could be prevented by vaccination of inmates.
Cancer Screening Among Jail Inmates: Frequency, Knowledge, and Willingness
Authors: Binswanger Ingrid A. , White Mary C. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Goldenson Joe , Tulsky Jacqueline Peterson 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We determined jail inmates’ knowledge of cancer screening tests, their frequency of screening, and their willingness to undergo screening in jail in order to assess preventive health services for jail inmates. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional interview survey of random samples of county jail inmates (n=133). Results. Approximately half (53%) the participants were African American, 17% were White, 11% were Latino, and 9% reported multiple ethnicities. Among women aged 18 years and older, 90% had had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test within 3 years, and 94% were willing to be screened in jail. Having ever had a Pap test while incarcerated was significantly associated with being up to date on cervical cancer screening. For women aged 40 years and older, 41% reported having had a mammogram within 2 years, and 88% were willing to have one. Among men (n=51) and women (n=4) aged 50 years and older, 25% had knowledge of colon cancer screening, 31% were up to date, and 69% were willing to be screened. Increased knowledge about colon cancer screening was significantly associated with being White and having insurance. Jail inmates, particularly African Americans, had significantly lower frequency of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy than the general population. Conclusions. Jail could be an appropriate venue in which to provide cancer screening for a high-risk population. Inmates were receptive to jail-based screening.
Coming Home From Jail: The Social and Health Consequences of Community Reentry for Women, Male Adolescents, and Their Families and Communities
Authors: Freudenberg Nicholas , Daniels Jessie , Crum Martha , Perkins Tiffany , Richie Beth E. 
Published: September 2005

Each year, more than 10 million people enter US jails, most returning home within a few weeks. Because jails concentrate people with infectious and chronic diseases, substance abuse, and mental health problems, and reentry policies often exacerbate these problems, the experiences of people leaving jail may contribute to health inequities in the low-income communities to which they return. Our study of the experiences in the year after release of 491 adolescent males and 476 adult women returning home from New York City jails shows that both populations have low employment rates and incomes and high rearrest rates. Few received services in jail. However, overall drug use and illegal activity declined significantly in the year after release. Postrelease employment and health insurance were associated with lower rearrest rates and drug use. Public policies on employment, drug treatment, housing, and health care often blocked successful reentry into society from jail, suggesting the need for new policies that support successful reentry into society.
Correlates of Daily Smoking Among Female Arrestees in New York City and Los Angeles, 1997
Authors: Durrah Tracy L. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. I sought to determine correlates of daily smoking among recently arrested women involved in the Drug Use Forecasting Program (DUF), many of whom are illicit drug users. Also, I compared smoking rates among DUF women, who were illicit drug users, with rates among women taking part in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, who do not have high levels of drug use, to determine if drug use accounts for heavy smoking. Methods. I compared daily smoking, illicit drug use, and selected demographic characteristics in 2 DUF cities: New York, with the highest rate of smoking among DUF cities in 1997, and Los Angeles, with the lowest. I also compared DUF and BRFSS daily smoking rates. Results: Although rates of illicit drug use were similar in New York and Los Angeles (69.7% and 61.8%, respectively), the daily smoking rate was higher in New York (90.9% vs 41.7%). DUF smoking rates were higher than BRFSS rates; both rates were higher than the general population (23%). Conclusions. Illicit drug use does not, in all cases, explain high rates of daily smoking. Future efforts to shape tobacco-related public health policies in New York and elsewhere should involve collaboration with criminal justice transitional health programs.
Revolving Doors: Imprisonment Among the Homeless and Marginally Housed Population
Authors: Kushel Margot B. , Hahn Judith A. , Evans Jennifer L. , Bangsberg David R. , Moss Andrew R. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We studied a sample of homeless and marginally housed adults to examine whether a history of imprisonment was associated with differences in health status, drug use, and sexual behaviors among the homeless. Methods. We interviewed 1426 community-based homeless and marginally housed adults. We used multivariate models to analyze factors associated with a history of imprisonment. Results. Almost one fourth of participants (23.1%) had a history of imprisonment. Models that examined lifetime substance use showed cocaine use (odds ratio [OR]=1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04, 2.70), heroin use (OR=1.51; 95% CI=1.07, 2.12), mental illness (OR=1.41; 95% CI=1.01, 1.96), HIV infection (OR=1.69; 95% CI=1.07, 2.64), and having had more than 100 sexual partners were associated with a history of imprisonment. Models that examined recent substance use showed past-year heroin use (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.14, 2.38) and methamphetamine use (OR=1.49; 95% CI=1.00, 2.21) were associated with lifetime imprisonment. Currently selling drugs also was associated with lifetime imprisonment. Conclusions. Despite high levels of health risks among all homeless and marginally housed people, the levels among homeless former prisoners were even higher. Efforts to eradicate homelessness also must include the unmet needs of inmates who are released from prison.