bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN BRIKET BIOARANG DARI LIMBAH PADAT HASIL PENYULINGAN MINYAK NILAM TERHADAP BERAT BAHAN BAKU DAN TEMPERATUR PIROLISIS DENGAN METODE PIROLISIS
Authors: Santika Sri , Ginting Zainuddin , Sulhatun Sulhatun , Nurlaila Rizka , Masrullita Masrullita 
Published: November 2023

Limbah dari hasil penyulingan minyak nilam jumlahnya berkisar 98-98,5% dari bahan baku. Limbah padat hasil penyulingan minyak nilam memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku untuk memperoleh bahan bakar alternatif melalui proses pirolisis dan proses pengempaan seperti briket. Briket merupakan material mudah terbakar yang terbentuk dari proses pengempaan atau pemampatan material menjadi bentuk padatan dan digunakan sebagai bahan bakar, dimana briket yang dihasilkan harus memiliki sifat kuat dan saling merekat satu sama lain sehingga briket tidak mudah hancur. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan yaitu pembuatan briket bioarang dengan menggunakan limbah padat hasil penyulingan minyak nilam terhadap berat bahan baku dan temperatur pirolisis menggunakan metode pirolisis. Pada penelitian ini, diamati pengaruh berat bahan baku dan suhu pirolisis pada pembuatan briket bioarang dari limbah padat hasil penyulingan minyak nilam. Proses pirolisis dilakukan pada berat bahan baku 600 gr, 1200 gr dan 1800 gr serta pada suhu pirolisis 300 ºC, 350 ºC dan 400 ºC dengan waktu pirolisis 90 menit. Analisa yang dilakukan adalah analisis proksimat dan nilai kalor. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan kadar air briket bioarang yang terbaik terletak pada berat bahan baku 1800 dan suhu 400oC yaitu 5,0%, kadar abu briket bioarang yaitu 3,5%, kadar zat terbang yaitu 8,3% dan kadar karbon terikat yaitu 83,19%, dan nilai kalor sebesar 5.291 kal/g.
Oxidative stress a potent risk factor for thyroid diseases in young pregnant females.
Authors: Mutayyaba Majeed  , Tania Ahmed Shakoori  , Basit Naeem  , Zehra Niazi  , Nasir Islam  , Rabea Nasir  , Maria Shaukat  
Published: November 2023

Objective: To evaluate the potent role of oxidative stress in thyroid disease development and progression in young pregnant females during 1st and second trimesters compared with matched healthy pregnant females of the same gestational age. Study Design: Cross-sectional Comparative study. Setting: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Pakistan. Samples were collected at the Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINUM), Faisalabad, and the Department of Obstetrics at DHQ Hospital, Chiniot. Period: July 2019 to July 2021. Material & Methods: Thyroid disease- comorbid pregnant women and euthyroid pregnant women were compared for serum levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants. The markers were evaluated between 68 healthy subjects in Group A and 43 subjects in Group B known for having thyroid diseases. Blood samples were taken under highly sterile conditions after gaining written consent from all subjects and stored at –8°c to –30°c. A spectrophotometer at 532nm was used to measure serum concentrations of oxidative stress markers. ELISA kits were used to determine serum levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Data was analyzed using independent student t-test, multiple logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis using SPSS version 25. Results: Group A and Group B had a mean age of 26.07±4.88 and 29.19±4.17 years, respectively. Pregnant women having thyroid dysfunction had decreased superoxide dismutase levels (0.05±0.01 nmol/ml) than group A (0.06±0.01). Other indicators of lipid peroxidation showed a non-significant mean difference compared between both groups (p>0.05). Multiple linear regression studies revealed healthy pregnant women with a positive thyroid medication history had higher SOD levels among group B than those without antithyroid medicine, with a Beta coefficient of +0.26 and p=0.04. According to ROC curve analysis, the Superoxide Dismutase biomarker area under ROC was 67.25% at p=0.002. Thus, it may be used as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker. A cutoff value of 51.5pg/ml was proposed, at which sensitivity is 79% and specificity is 69%. It can be a diagnostic and predictive biomarker. Conclusion: The results of the current study concluded that oxidative stress can be considered a potent risk factor for the development and progression of thyroid disease in young pregnant females.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PLASTIK JENIS HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) DENGAN PASIR LAUT TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN LAPIS PERKERASAN ASPAL BETON
Authors: Viegas Monica Natalia Melenia , Maliki Akhmad , Suharso Akbar Bayu Kresno 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAK: Agregat halus yang digunakan pada Laston biasanya berupa pasir sungai. Penggunaan pasir sungai saat ini menyebabkan terganggunya ekosistem sungai tersebut sehingga perlu memanfaatkan pasir laut yang relatif masih memungkinkan untuk dieksploitasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pasir laut untuk campuran aspal serta penambahan berupa plastik jenis HDPE (High Density Polyethylene), dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan berbagai karakteristik aspal, terutama dalam meningkatkan nilai stabilitas. Campuran agregat menggunakan pasir laut sebagai agregat halus dan plastik jenis High Density Polyethylene dengan variasi kadar plastik yaitu 2, 4, 6 persen. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa campuran aspal dengan pasir laut dan penambahan plastik jenis High Density Polyethylene pada campuran aspal mempengaruhi nilai karakteristik Marshall. Nilai VMA terendah diperoleh pada HDPE 6 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 17,37 persen lebih rendah dibanding aspal tanpa HDPE. Nilai VIM terendah diperoleh pada HDPE 2 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 3 persen lebih rendah dibanding aspal tanpa HDPE. Nilai VFA tertinggi terletak pada HDPE 6 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 78,62 persen dan nilai terendah terletak pada HDPE 0 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 67,89 persen. Nilai stabilitas tertinggi terletak pada HDPE 4 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 1065,22 kg dan nilai terendah pada HDPE 0 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 941,718 kg. Nilai flow tertinggi pada HDPE 4 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 sebesar 3,8 mm dan nilai terendah terletak pada HDPE 0 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 3,4 mm. Nilai Marshall quotient terendah terletak pada HDPE 4 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 255,94 kg/mm lebih rendah dibanding aspal tanpa HDPE. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut diketahui bahwa campuran paling optimal yaitu pada campuran aspal dengan HDPE 4 persen yang dapat dilihat pada karaktersitik pengujian Marshall Kata Kunci : Aspal Beton, Marshall, HDPE,Pasir Laut
IGUALDAD Y DERECHO ANTIDISCRIMINATORIO: PRESENTACIÓN
Authors: Mercado Pacheco Pedro 
Published: November 2023

Después del número extraordinario con el que conmemoramos el cincuenta aniversario de nuestra revista, el número 45/2011 de los ACFS que ahora presentamos retoma su formato habitual y dedica su sección monográfica al tema “Igualdad y derecho antidiscriminatorio”. Nuestro propósito es acoger en nuestras páginas algunos de los problemas y de los debates más candentes en el terreno de las políticas de igualdad y del derecho antidiscriminatorio, reuniendo una serie de contribuciones que, desde la pluralidad de enfoques y temáticas, puedan ser representativas del trabajo que actualmente se está llevando en este campo tanto desde el enfoque de la teoría jurídica como de la reflexión filosófica y política.
The Analysis of Functional Morpheme in Hansel and Gretel Short Story
Authors: Kusumawardhani Paramita 
Published: November 2023

<div class="WordSection1"><p>The purpose of the research is to identify what functional morpheme is and how to recognize it in “Hansel and Gretel” short story. A functional morpheme is a part of free morpheme. A morpheme is the smallest unit in English linguistics that forms a word. There are two kinds of morpheme; they are free morpheme and bound morpheme. A morpheme that can stand on its own is called free, and ones that cannot are bound. A free morpheme has two types; they are lexical and functional morpheme. Functional morpheme is a morpheme that is commonly used in some articles to connect words or sentences. A functional morpheme is a part of Morphology. Functional morpheme is mostly used in English and it can be found in an English story. It is used because it gives influences the sentences. Without functional morpheme, sometimes the sentences will have no meaning or read awkwardly so it can give a different meaning to the sentences themselves. The data of the research was taken from “Hansel and Gretel” short story and the results of students’ analysis. The participants of the research were the 1st semester of English Department students. A qualitative descriptive method was used to do the research. After doing the research, there are some results found in the research, they are (1) two items in the article section; (2) four items for the conjunction part; (3) eight items for the preposition part; and (4) eight items in the pronoun section.</p></div>
Racial disparities in incidence, treatment, and survival in adult brain metastases: a 10-year national database analysis
Authors: Jiang Sam H. , Bhaskara Mounika , Deysher Daniel , Sadeh Morteza , Souter John , Mehta Ankit I. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess demographic and racial disparities in incidence, treatment, and survival of adults with metastatic malignancy to the brain.

METHODS
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database, the authors identified adults with nonprimary brain metastases between 2010 and 2019. Incidence was calculated for all 10 years while data from 2010 to 2014 were used for survival analysis. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality within 5 years, assessed by 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rates. Chi-square tests of independence and one-way ANOVA were used to compare categorical and continuous measures, respectively, between non-Hispanic White (NHW), Hispanic White (HW), Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was developed to evaluate the risk of death within 5 years.

RESULTS
A total of 64,690 patient records were identified and analyzed following exclusion based on age (patients > 84 years or < 18 years were excluded), missing race data, and missing survival data. Incidences are reported per 100,000 adults. The incidence of brain metastases increased from 2.59 in 2010 to 2.78 in 2019, with an average 10-year incidence of 2.72. API patients had the highest population-adjusted incidence (3.52), followed by NHW (2.99), Black (2.32), and HW (1.59) patients. Black patients were the most likely to have low income and single status, while API patients were the most likely to have high income and married status. Subsequently, Black patients had the shortest survival time (9.05 months vs 9.19 months for NHW vs 12.93 months for HW vs 15.89 months for API patients, p < 0.001). After controlling for the effect of socioeconomic factors on survival, the multivariable analysis showed that Black (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.88–0.94), HW (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.69–0.76), and API (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.66–0.73) patients all had a survival advantage compared with NHW patients. Surgery also conferred a strong survival advantage (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.44–0.49).

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of brain metastases has increased slightly between 2010 and 2019, with the highest rate in API patients. Black patients had the lowest survival, potentially due to poor socioeconomic status and lower rates of surgery and chemotherapy. Black patients were the most likely to not be recommended surgery, suggesting a discrepancy in services offered to these patients. More research is warranted to understand the underlying causes of these disparities.
Scoping review on the state of racial disparities literature in the treatment of neurosurgical disease: a call for action
Authors: Owolo Edwin , Seas Andreas , Bishop Brandon , Sperber Jacob , Petitt Zoey , Arango Alissa , Yoo Seeley , Shah Sharrieff , Duvall Julia B. , Johnson Eli , Abu-Bonsrah Nancy , Kaplan Samantha , Eden Sonia , Ashley William W. , Williamson Theresa , Goodwin C. Rory 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
Racial disparities are ubiquitous across medicine in the US. This study aims to assess the evidence of racial disparities within neurosurgery and across its subspecialties, with a specific goal of quantifying the distribution of articles devoted to either identifying, understanding, or reducing disparities.

METHODS
The authors searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases by using keywords to represent the concepts of neurosurgery, patients, racial disparities, and specific study types. Two independent reviewers screened the article titles and abstracts for relevance. A third reviewer resolved conflicts. Data were then extracted from the included articles and each article was categorized into one of three phases: identifying, understanding, or reducing disparities. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

RESULTS
Three hundred seventy-one studies published between 1985 and 2023 were included. The distribution of racial disparities literature was not equally spread among specialties, with spine representing approximately 48.3% of the literature, followed by tumor (22.1%) and general neurosurgery (12.9%). Most studies were dedicated to identifying racial disparities (83.6%). The proportion of literature devoted to understanding and reducing disparities was much lower (15.1% and 1.3%, respectively). Black patients were the most negatively impacted racial/ethnic group in the review (63.3%). The Hispanic or Latino ethnic group was the second most negatively impacted (25.1%). The following categories—other outcomes (28.0%), the offering of treatment (21.6%), complications (18.6%), and survival (16.7%)—represented the most frequently measured outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Although strides have been taken to identify racial disparities within neurosurgery, fewer studies have focused on understanding and reducing these disparities. The tremendous rise of literature within this domain but the relative paucity of solutions necessitates the study of targeted interventions to provide equitable care for all patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment.
Pendampingan Penatalaksanaan Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Paguyuban Diabetes dan Hidup Sehat Kelurahan Darmo Wonokromo Surabaya
Authors: Lestarina Ni Nyoman Wahyu , Kurniawaty Yuni , Dwianto Ignatius Heri , Silalahi Veronica , Djajanti Cicilia Wahju , Nesa Kadek Sistadewi , Diva Natalia Cika 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAK Penyakit DM merupakan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan banyak komplikasi dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Paguyuban Diabetes dan Hidup Sehat (PDHS) menjadi salah satu perkumpulan yang terdiri dari orang-orang yang menderita diabetes atau penyakit kronis lain. Permasalahan yang didapatkan pada mitra adalah adanya resiko penderita diabetes mellitus mengalami komplikasi, ketidakpatuhan penderita untuk melakukan pola hidup sehat, dan keputusasaan dalam menjalani kehidupan penyakit dialami. Pendampingan ini dilakukan pada 30 orang dengan diabetes mellitus yang tergabung dalam PDHS yang bertujuan meningkatkan kesehatan, kepatuhan, dan kualitas hidup penderita diabetes. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan sosialisasi kegiatan kepada mitra, penerapan insole sepatu, pelatihan strategi koping dan penatalaksanaan diabetes mellitus dengan menggunakan modul patuh DM dan pendampingan setelah adanya pelatihan. Para penderita DM mengikuti kegiatan dan pelatihan dengan antusias dan baik. Manfaat yang diperoleh yaitu terdapat penurunan kadar gula darah acak penderita DM, peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan penderita dalam tatalaksana DM serta peningkatan pengetahuan serta ketrampilan dalam strategi koping yang adaptif. Pendampingan penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus diberikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup sehat penderita dan koping yang adaptif. Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus, Insole Sepatu, Strategi Koping ABSTRACT DM is a disease that can cause many complications and even death. The Diabetes and Healthy Living Association (PDHS) is an association consisting of people who suffer from diabetes or other chronic diseases. The problems found in partners are the risk of diabetes mellitus sufferers experiencing complications, the sufferer's non-compliance with adopting a healthy lifestyle, and hopelessness in living the life of the disease experienced. This assistance was carried out for 30 people with diabetes mellitus who are members of PDHS to improve the health, compliance, and quality of life of diabetes sufferers. This activity was carried out by socializing the activity to partners, applying shoe insoles, training on coping strategies, managing diabetes mellitus using the DM compliance module, and mentoring after the training. DM sufferers participated in activities and training enthusiastically and well. The benefits obtained are that there is a decrease in random blood sugar levels in DM sufferers, increased knowledge and compliance of sufferers in DM management, and increased knowledge and skills in adaptive coping strategies. Assistance in managing diabetes mellitus is provided to improve the patient's healthy quality of life and adaptive coping. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Shoe Insoles, Coping Strategies
Editorial: Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Higher Education
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Lo Lan 
Published: November 2023

Welcome to this second issue of Transnational Education Review (TER) in 2023. In this editorial, we also would like to reflect on an emerging phenomenon: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on higher education. We would like to invite colleagues to submit their research, commentaries, debates and viewpoints in coming issues to share views and shape the agenda regarding AI and the future of learning and teaching in higher education. In this second issue of Transnational Education Review (TER) in 2023, we have a set of interesting articles from around the world. In the opening article, Görsev Sönmez and Serkan Gürkan examine the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding the refugee students in the education faculty of a private university in Istanbul, Turkey. Second paper by Emel Kiliç explores the socio-cultural integration of Turkish-speaking migrants in Belgium. As Emel explains migration can be a challenging but rewarding experience, in Belgium, integration courses are available to provide essential support for migrants so that they adapt to their new environment. In Betül Dilara Şeker and Ibrahim Sirkeci’s insightful article, they argue that language proficiency was the most critical variable in education and adaptation to the host culture, and their findings indicate the importance of schools in the acculturation and adaptation of the Syrian refugee students. We hope you will find these contributions useful. Finally, once again, we extend an open invitation to all researchers, practitioners and scholars to join us in this debate with their research, views, comments and reviews.
Exploring the potential mechanisms of Tongmai Jiangtang capsules in treating diabetic nephropathy through multi-dimensional data
Authors: Liu Yi , Cui Xin , Zhang Xuming , Xie Zhuoting , Wang Weili , Xi Junyu , Xie Yanming 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent and debilitating disease that represents the leading cause of chronic kidney disease which imposes public health challenges Tongmai Jiangtang capsule (TMJT) is commonly used for the treatment of DN, albeit its underlying mechanisms of action are still elusive.MethodsThis study retrieved databases to identify the components and collect the targets of TMJT and DN. Target networks were constructed to screen the core components and targets. Samples from the GEO database were utilized to perform analyses of targets and immune cells and obtain significantly differentially expressed core genes (SDECGs). We also selected a machine learning model to screen the feature genes and construct a nomogram. Furthermore, molecular docking, another GEO dataset, and Mendelian randomization (MR) were utilized for preliminary validation. We subsequently clustered the samples based on SDECG expression and consensus clustering and performed analyses between the clusters. Finally, we scored the SDECG score and analyzed the differences between clusters.ResultsThis study identified 13 SDECGs between DN and normal groups which positively regulated immune cells. We also identified five feature genes (CD40LG, EP300, IL1B, GAPDH, and EGF) which were used to construct a nomogram. MR analysis indicated a causal link between elevated IL1B levels and an increased risk of DN. Clustering analysis divided DN samples into four groups, among which, C1 and CI were mainly highly expressed and most immune cells were up-regulated. C2 and CII were the opposite. Finally, we found significant differences in SDECG scores between C1 and C2, CI and CII, respectively.ConclusionTMJT may alleviate DN via core components (e.g. Denudatin B, hancinol, hirudinoidine A) targeting SDECGs (e.g. SRC, EGF, GAPDH), with the involvement of feature genes and modulation of immune and inflammation-related pathways. These findings have potential implications for clinical practice and future investigations.
Adolescents with obesity treated with exenatide maintain endogenous GLP-1, reduce DPP-4, and improve glycemic control
Authors: Stenlid Rasmus , Cerenius Sara Y. , Wen Quan , Aydin Banu Küçükemre , Manell Hannes , Chowdhury Azazul , Kristinsson Hjalti , Ciba Iris , Gjessing Erik S. , Mörwald Katharina , Gomahr Julian , Heu Verena , Weghuber Daniel , Forslund Anders , Bergsten Peter 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundGLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are increasingly used to treat adolescent obesity. However, the effect on endogenous GLP-1 secretory patterns following treatment in adolescents is unknown. The GLP-1RA exenatide was shown to significantly lower BMI and 2-hour glucose in adolescents with obesity, in the placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial Combat-JUDO. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of weekly injections of 2 mg exenatide extended release on secretory patterns of endogenous hormones during OGTT.Subjects and MeasurementsThis study was a pre-planned sub-study of the Combat-JUDO trial, set at the Pediatric clinic at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden and Paracelsus Medical University, Austria. 44 adolescents with obesity were included and randomized 1:1 to treatment:placebo. 19 patients in the treatment group and 18 in the placebo group completed the trial. Before and after treatment, GLP-1, glucose, insulin, glucagon and glicentin levels were measured during OGTT; DPP-4 and proinsulin were measured at fasting. A per-protocol approach was used in the analyses.ResultsExenatide treatment did not affect GLP-1 levels during OGTT. Treatment significantly lowered DPP-4, proinsulin and the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio at fasting, increased glicentin levels but did not affect insulin, C-peptide or glucagon levels during OGTT.ConclusionWeekly s.c. injections with 2 mg of exenatide maintains endogenous total GLP-1 levels and lowers circulating DPP-4 levels. This adds an argument in favor of using exenatide in the treatment of pediatric obesity.Clinical trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02794402