bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implanted octacalcium phosphate is more resorbable than β‐tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite
Authors: Kamakura S. , Sasano Y. , Shimizu T. , Hatori K. , Suzuki O. , Kagayama M. , Motegi K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOur previous studies have suggested that synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) could be resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone if implanted in rat skull defects. We hypothesized that the implanted OCP is more resorbable than other commonly used bone graft substitutes of calcium phosphate compounds, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). To test the hypothesis, the present study was designed to compare histomorphometrically resorption of the implanted OCP, HA, and β‐TCP, which were kept in the experimental cranial defect of rats for a long term. A full thickness of standardized trephine defect was made in the rat parietal bone, and the same volume of granules of OCP, HA, and β‐TCP were implanted into the defect. Five specimens of each group were fixed 6 months after implantation. The percentage of remaining implants (r‐Imp%) and newly formed bone (n‐Bone%) in the defect was analyzed histomorphometrically. The statistical analysis showed that the r‐Imp% of OCP was significantly lower than that of HA and β‐TCP. In contrast, the n‐Bone% of OCP was significantly higher than that of HA and β‐TCP. The present study has shown that the implanted OCP in the rat cranial defect is more resorbable than the implanted β‐TCP and HA, whereas the implanted OCP enhances bone formation more than the implanted β‐TCP and HA. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 29–34, 2002
Assessment of the genotoxicity of resin and zinc‐oxide eugenol‐based root canal sealers using an in vitro mammalian test system
Authors: Tai Kuo‐Wei , Huang Fu‐Mei , Huang Min‐Sheng , Chang Yu‐Chao 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEndodontic sealers frequently are placed in direct contact with living tissues. Thus root canal sealers should have good biocompatibility. However, the pathobiologic effects, especially genotoxicity, of various root canal sealers widely used in dentistry have not been studied systematically on eukaryotic cells. The aim of this study was to examine the genotoxic potential of resin and zinc oxide–eugenol‐based root canal sealers using a mammalian test system. In this study, tetrazolium bromide reduction assay, DNA precipitation assay, and DNA fragmentation analysis were performed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of four different root canal sealers on cultured V79 cells. The results show that all the root canal sealers tested are cytotoxic to V79 cells. The toxicity decreased in the order of N2 > AH26 > AHplus > Canals. In addition, N2, AH26, and AHplus exhibited genotoxicity by causing DNA single‐strand breaks and digestion of genomic DNA. However, N2 is the most toxic root canal sealer among those tested. Taken together, these findings suggest that the sealers evaluated in this study show different toxic effects depending on the types and components. Root canal sealers containing formaldehyde and bisphenol A diglyether proved to be not only cytotoxic but also genotoxic. This mammalian test system might be used routinely for evaluation of the genotoxicity of dental materials in future investigations. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 73–77, 2002
In vitro stability of a novel compliant poly(carbonate‐urea)urethane to oxidative and hydrolytic stress
Authors: Salacinski Henryk J. , Tai Nigel R. , Carson Robert J. , Edwards Alan , Hamilton George , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPoly(ester)urethane and poly(ether)urethane vascular grafts fail in vivo because of hydrolytic and oxidative degradative mechanisms. Studies have shown that poly(carbonate)urethanes have enhanced resistance. There is still a need for a viable, nonrigid, small‐diameter, synthetic vascular graft. In this study, we sought to confirm this by exposing a novel formulation of compliant poly(carbonate‐urea)urethane (CPU) manufactured by an innovative process, resulting in a stress‐free. Small‐diameter prosthesis, and a conventional poly(ether)urethane Pulse‐Tec graft known to readily undergo oxidation in a variety of degradative solutions, and we assessed them for the development of oxidative and hydrolytic degradation, changes in elastic properties, and chemical stability. To simulate the in vivo environment, we used buffered solutions of phospholipase A2 and cholesterol esterase; solutions of H2O2/CoCl2, t‐butyl peroxide/CoCl2 (t‐but/CoCl2), and glutathione/t‐butyl peroxide/CoCl2 (Glut/t‐but/CoCl2); and plasma fractions I–IV, which were derived from fresh human plasma centrifuged in poly(ethylene glycol). To act as a negative control, both graft types were incubated in distilled water. Samples of both graft types (100 mm with a 5.0‐mm inner diameter) were incubated in these solutions at 37°C for 70 days before environmental scanning electron microscopy, radial tensile strength and quality control, gel permeation chromatography, and in vitro compliance assessments were performed. Oxidative degradation was ascertained from significant changes in molecular weight with respect to a control on all Pulse‐Tec grafts treated with t‐but/CoCl2, Glut/t‐but/CoCl2, and plasma fractions I–III. Pulse‐Tec grafts exposed to the H2O2/CoCl2 mixture had significantly greater compliance than controls incubated in distilled water (p < 0.001 at 50 mmHg). No changes in molecular weight with respect to the control were observed for the CPU samples; only those immersed in t‐but/CoCl2 and Glut/t‐but/CoCl2 showed an 11% increase in molecular weight to 108,000. Only CPU grafts treated with the Glut/t‐but/CoCl2 mixture exhibited significantly greater compliance (p < 0.05 at 50 mmHg). Overall, results from this study indicate that CPU presents a far greater chemical stability than poly(ether)‐urethane grafts do. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 207–218, 2002
Nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite on an amino organosilane overlayer
Authors: Zhu P. X. , Ishikawa M. , Seo W. S. , Hozumi A. , Yokogawa Y. , Koumoto K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn amino organosilane overlayer (NH2‐overlayer) was successfully processed on Si/SiO2 substrates. Remarkable nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite were found to take place on an NH2‐overlayer after Si/SiO2 substrates covered with the NH2‐overlayer were soaked in supersaturated solutions with respect to Ca2+ and PO43− ions [1.0SBF (simulated body fluid), which contains similar compositions to that in a living body and 1.5SBF in which only Ca2+ and PO43− concentrations are 1.5 times than that in 1.0SBF]. The experimental results demonstrated that HAp nucleation on an NH2‐overlayer is related to the electrostatic attractive force between positive NH2‐overlayer surface and negative incipient HAp microparticles homogeneously nucleated in 1.5SBF solution at 50°C. On the contrary, fewer HAp particles were observed on negatively charged “OH” terminated self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) because of the repulsive interaction. The Ca/P molar ratios of HAp particles increased from 0.92 at the beginning of nucleation in 1.5SBF to 1.63 in 14 days after growth in 1.0SBF at 37°C. After 14 days of soaking in 1.0SBF, a dense HAp film with the thickness up to 8.6 μm was formed on the NH2‐overlayer. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 294–304, 2002
Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) molecular weight on tensile and swelling properties of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Temenoff Johnna S. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A. , Lebaron Richard G. , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study was designed to determine the effect of changes in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecular weight on swelling and mechanical properties of hydrogels made from a novel polymer, oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF), recently developed in our laboratory. Properties of hydrogels made from OPF with initial PEG molecular weights of 860, 3900, and 9300 were examined. The PEG 3900 formulation had a tensile modulus of 23.1 ± 12.4 kPa and percent elongation at fracture of 53.2 ± 13.7%; the PEG 9300 formulation had similar tensile properties (modulus: 16.5 ± 4.6 kPa, elongation: 76.0 ± 26.4%). However, the PEG 860 gels had a significantly higher modulus (89.5 ± 50.7 kPa) and a significantly smaller percent elongation at fracture (30.1 ± 6.4%), when compared with other formulations. Additionally, there were significant differences in percent swelling between each of the formulations. Molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) and mesh size were calculated for each OPF formulation. Mc increased from 2010 ± 116 g/mol with PEG 860 to 6250 ± 280 g/mol with PEG 9300. Mesh size calculations showed a similar trend (76 ± 2 Å for PEG 860 to 160 ± 6 Å for PEG 9300). It was also found that these hydrogels could be laminated if a second layer was added before the first had completely crosslinked. Mechanical testing of these laminated gels revealed that the presence of an interfacial area did not significantly alter their tensile properties. These results suggest that the material properties of OPF‐based hydrogels can be altered by changing the molecular weight of PEG used in synthesis and that multilayered OPF hydrogel constructs can be produced, with each layer having distinct mechanical properties. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 429–437, 2002
Low pressure plasma treatment of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate): Toward tailored polymer surfaces for tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Nitschke Mirko , Schmack Gerhilt , Janke Andreas , Simon Frank , Pleul Dieter , Werner Carsten 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThin films of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) were modified by microwave ammonia plasma treatment. The results of the modification were studied by means of contact angle goniometry, ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflection spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To prove the presence of amino groups on the poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) surface, chemical labeling with 4‐trifluoromethyl benzaldehyde was performed before X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Under the applied plasma conditions, a hydrophilic surface with a good long‐term stability was obtained. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 632–638, 2002
Alginate type and RGD density control myoblast phenotype
Authors: Rowley Jon A. , Mooney David J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlginates are being increasingly used for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering applications; however, these materials cannot specifically interact with mammalian cells. We have covalently modified alginates of varying monomeric ratio with RGD‐containing cell adhesion ligands using carbodiimide chemistry to initiate cell adhesion to these polymers. We hypothesized that we could control the function of cells adherent to RGD‐modified alginate hydrogels by varying alginate polymer type and cell adhesion ligand density, and we have addressed this possibility by studying the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts adherent to these materials. RGD density on alginates of varying monomeric ratio could be controlled over several orders of magnitude, creating a range of surface densities from 1–100 fmol/cm2. Myoblast adhesion to these materials was specific to the RGD ligand, because adhesion could be competed away with soluble RGD in a dose‐dependent manner. Myoblast proliferation and differentiation could be regulated by varying the alginate monomeric ratio and the density of RGD ligands at the substrate surface, and specific combinations of alginate type and RGD density were required to obtain efficient myoblast differentiation on these materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 217–223, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.1287
Application of the multiensemble sampling to the hydration free energy
Authors: Han Kyu‐Kwang , Kim Ki Hae , Mhin Byung Jin , Son Hyeon S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe demonstrate the feasibility of using multiensemble sampling method (MESM) to determine the free energy difference between two far states for which the configurational distributions do not overlap at all. The MESM is a recently developed non‐Boltzmann sampling technique. The free energy of charging a sodium ion in water is accurately calculated in a single simulation, introducing nine intermediate ionic states. This is due to the ability of the method to explore the relevant parts of configuration space equally for every state, and this ability comes from the universality of weighting function W and the simplicity in adjusting its parameters. Detailed procedures of adjusting the parameters are presented. The comparison with a free energy perturbation method (FEPM) shows that the MESM is more reliable and efficient. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1004–1009, 2001
Substituent effects on the Bergman cyclization of (Z)‐1,5‐hexadiyne‐3‐enes: a systematic computational study
Authors: Prall Matthias , Wittkopp Alexander , Fokin Andrey A. , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe effects of several substituents (BH2, BF2, AlH2, CH3, C6H5, CN, COCH3, CF3, SiH3, NH2, NH3+, NO2, PH2, OH, OH2+, SH, F, Cl, Br) on the Bergman cyclization of (Z)‐1,5‐hexadiyne‐3‐ene (enediyne, 3) were investigated at the Becke–Lee–Yang–Parr (BLYP) density functional (DFT) level employing a 6‐31G* basis set. Some of the substituents (NH3+, NO2, OH, OH2+, F, Cl, Br) are able to lower the barrier (up to a minimum of 16.9 kcal mol−1 for difluoro‐enediyne 7rr) and the reaction enthalpy (the cyclization is predicted to be exergonic for OH2+ and F) compared to the parent system giving rise to substituted 1,4‐dehydrobenzenes at physiological temperatures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1605–1614, 2001
Understanding family resilience
Authors: Patterson Joän M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFamilies, as social systems, can be considered “resilient” in ways that parallel descriptions of individual resilience. In this article, the conceptualization of family‐level outcomes as a prerequisite for assessing family competence, and hence their resilience, is presented relative to the unique functions that families perform for their members and for society. The risk and protective processes that give rise to resilience in families are discussed in terms of family stress and coping theory, with a particular emphasis on the family's subjective appraisal of their sources of stress and their ability to manage them. An effort is made to distinguish two perspectives on resilience: exposure to significant risk as a prerequisite for being considered resilient versus promotion of strengths for all families in which life in general is viewed as risky. Implications for practitioners and policy makers in working with families to promote their resilience are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 233–246, 2002.
The metatheory of resilience and resiliency
Authors: Richardson Glenn E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractResiliency and resilience theory is presented as three waves of resiliency inquiry. The identification of resilient qualities was the first wave characterized through phenomenological identification of developmental assets and protective factors. The second wave described resilience as a disruptive and reintegrative process for accessing resilient qualities. The third wave exemplified the postmodern and multidisciplinary view of resilience, which is the force that drives a person to grow through adversity and disruptions. Application of resilience using an educational and practical framework provides a means for connecting with and nurturing a client's resilience. Practical paradigms of resiliency that empower client control and choice are suggested. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 307–321, 2002.
Protective factors related to antisocial behavior trajectories
Authors: Morrison Gale M. , Robertson Laurel , Laurie Beth , Kelly Jennifer 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA group of 115 fifth‐ and sixth‐grade Latino students were surveyed at the beginning and the end of the school year before their transition to middle or junior‐high school about their engagement in antisocial behaviors and about individual, social, and behavioral protective factors. The best predictors of decreases in antisocial behavior for these students, above and beyond variance for initial ratings and gender, were student perceptions of social support, parent supervision, and classroom participation. The importance of keeping students engaged in school academic work as a protection against antisocial behavior is emphasized as well as the need to help students gain skills necessary to access support for this academic work. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 277–290, 2002.
Heroes in the nursery: Three case studies in resilience
Authors: Rak Carl F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article examines the therapeutic work in three cases (child, adolescent, adult) to study the impact of a supportive and nurturing parent early in life upon the development of resilience. The close analysis of the clinical material of each client's personal narrative is the primary source. The metaphor of “heroes in the nursery” is posited as a vehicle for enhancing understandings of the development of resilience. Each case provides additive meaning to recent studies that elevate the importance of the memories of parents to the development of resilient responses of children later in life. Each case reveals specific dimensions of the impact of heroes in the nursery which extend our understandings of resiliency in children and adolescents as a proactive response to stress, trauma, and loss. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 247–260, 2002.
Abused child to nonabusive parent: Resilience and conceptual change
Authors: Wilkes Glenda 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIndividuals who were abused as children and have spontaneously, without intervention, been able to change their cognitive and behavioral patterns such that they do not abuse their own children represent a heretofore untapped source of information and understanding about the processes of conceptual change and resilience. This pilot study investigates the nature of this conceptual change as an exemplar of resilience. Birth order, gender, locus of control, and coping behaviors emerged as areas needing further study. Additionally, the belief on the part of the abusing parents that abuse was not wrong needs further investigation as a possible precursor to this particular context for conceptual change. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 261–276, 2002.
Facilitating police–minority youth attitude change: The effects of cooperation within a competitive context and exposure to typical exemplars
Authors: Rabois Dana , Haaga David A. F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPrevious community programs have been unsuccessful in changing youths' attitudes toward police, and have thus far not addressed police attitudes toward youth. In this pilot study, police (n = 26) competed together with minority youths (n = 51) on heterogeneous basketball teams. Pre‐ and postintervention attitudes toward youths/officers and posttest attitudes toward team members were examined. Police reported positive ratings of out‐group team members, and demonstrated a positive shift in attitude toward minority youth in general. Generalization of positive attitude was more likely when officers perceived their team members as typical exemplars of minority youth. Minority youths did not show a significant improvement in attitude toward police but reported favorable attitudes toward team members. Results suggest that a short‐term competitive tournament exposing individuals to typical exemplars may be effective for addressing hostile police attitudes toward minority youths. A controlled study is recommended to replicate and expand on our findings. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Abusive home environments as predictors of poor adjustment during adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Bank Lew , Burraston Bert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractUnskilled discipline practices form the basis for three abusive elements that occur in the home environment: child maltreatment, neglectful supervision, and sibling conflict. Furthermore, we hypothesized that in the context of unskilled discipline, the abusive home environment variables would be predictive of a variety of adjustment outcomes as children moved into adolescence and early adulthood. We examined concurrent and longitudinal data for 182 Oregon Youth Study (OYS) boys across a variety of developmental outcomes over a 10‐year span. Multiple agent and method assessments of the boys, their siblings, and parents included direct observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Path analyses revealed that the consequences of each abusive home environment construct were, with little exception, consistent with the hypotheses. Thus, the enduring and powerful impact of an abusive home environment is apparent. This work also supports the idea of a continuum of parenting behaviors and a parenting skills deficit model across all families, rather than a “bad parent” versus “good parent” model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Disciplinary history, adult disciplinary attitudes, and risk for abusive parenting
Authors: Bower‐Russa Mary E. , Knutson John F. , Winebarger Allen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn an attempt to identify factors that could contribute to intergenerational physical abuse, the specific childhood disciplinary experiences of adolescents and young adults were assessed, and these childhood experiences were related to the subjects' assessment as to whether specific disciplinary tactics were abusive or appropriate in child rearing. Consistent with previous research, few maltreated persons viewed their own experiences as abusive. Moreover, personal experience with a disciplinary event was associated with a decreased tendency to view that particular form of discipline as inappropriate. Finally, a history of severe physical punishment, failure to acknowledge an abusive history when it had occurred, and adult attitudes regarding physical discipline were associated with selecting more punitive disciplinary strategies when individuals were faced with child misbehavior in an analog parenting task. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.