bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reported symptoms and quality‐of‐life impacts in patients having laser treatment for sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Scanlon P. H. , Martin M. L. , Bailey C. , Johnson E. , Hykin P. , Keightley S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAims  To explore the patient experience of symptoms of eye disease related to diabetes and its treatment, including increase of symptoms over time and their relation to severity of the condition and the effect of multiple treatments and symptoms on quality of life.Methods  A qualitative interview study was implemented at four eye clinics in the UK. This study design was intended to yield 240 interviews in patients having their first laser treatment or first follow‐up and in multi‐treatment patients with a clinically documented loss of visual function in at least one eye (VA ≤ 6/12). The intention was to have an approximately equal number of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or macular oedema (MO).Results  A total of 227 interviews were completed (54% PDR and 46% MO). The most frequently reported symptom prior to initial treatment was blurred vision (55%). First‐time‐treatment patients reported fewer symptoms than the multi‐treatment patients. After a pronounced reduction of quality‐of‐life impacts after the first laser treatment, results all demonstrate an increasing impact as patients move from first treatment to multiple treatments. The main responses regarding satisfaction with laser treatment were that, although patient expectations were basically met, the treatment had less of an impact than they hoped for, and they would have the treatment again if needed.Conclusions  The current study provides a qualitative exploration of visual symptoms, levels of self‐reported visual impairment, and general description of the areas of impact or restriction that patients experienced due to their eye disease, both pre‐ and post‐laser treatment.
A NOTE ON KRIPKE's FOOTNOTE 56 ARGUMENT FOR THE ESSENTIALITY OF ORIGIN
Authors: Cameron Ross P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn footnote 56 of his Naming and Necessity, Kripke offers a ‘proof’ of the essentiality of origin. On its most literal reading the argument is clearly flawed, as was made clear by Nathan Salmon. Salmon attempts to save the literal reading of the argument, but I argue that the new argument is flawed as well, and that it can’t be what Kripke intended. I offer an alternative reconstruction of Kripke's argument, but I show that this suffers from a more subtle fault.
Decreases in phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 signaling activate components of spinal motoneuron death
Authors: Newbern J. , Taylor A. , Robinson M. , Li L. , Milligan C. E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMotoneuron dependence on target‐derived trophic factors during development is well established, with loss of trophic support leading to the death of these cells. A complete understanding of the intracellular signal transduction machinery associated with extracellular survival signals requires the examination of individual pathways in various cellular and environmental contexts. In cells deprived of trophic support, and hence compromised for survival, phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K) is decreased when compared with healthy cells supplied with trophic support. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling is dramatically decreased in deprived cells. We have examined the role of these two pathways to understand how changes in their activity regulate motoneuron survival and death. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K attenuated motoneuron survival and was important in the regulation of Bcl‐2 serine phosphorylation, limited release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and caspase activation. Bax translocation from cytoplasm to mitochondria was not altered when PI3K was inhibited. High levels of ERK1/2 inhibition robustly attenuated motoneuron survival in cells supplied with trophic support, whereas moderate inhibition of ERK1/2 activation had little effect. ERK1/2 inhibition in these cells decreased Bcl‐2 phosphorylation and resulted in release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Bax translocation and caspase activation were not affected by ERK1/2 inhibition. These data reveal that changes in PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling lead to individual and overlapping effects on the cell‐death machinery. Characterizing the role of these pathways is critical for a fundamental understanding of the development and degeneration of specific neuronal populations.
The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4‐dinitrophenol attenuates tissue damage and improves mitochondrial homeostasis following transient focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Korde Amit S. , Pettigrew L. Creed , Craddock Susan D. , Maragos William F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIschemic stroke is caused by acute neuronal degeneration provoked by interruption of cerebral blood flow. Although the mechanisms contributing to ischemic neuronal degeneration are myriad, mitochondrial dysfunction is now recognized as a pivotal event that can lead to either necrotic or apoptotic neuronal death. Lack of suitable ‘upstream’ targets to prevent loss of mitochondrial homeostasis has, so far, restricted the development of mechanistically based interventions to promote neuronal survival. Here, we show that the uncoupling agent 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) reduces infarct volume approximately 40% in a model of focal ischemia–reperfusion injury in the rat brain. The mechanism of protection involves an early decrease in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation and calcium uptake leading to improved mitochondrial function and a reduction in the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. The observed effects of DNP were not associated with enhanced cerebral perfusion. These findings indicate that compounds with uncoupling properties may confer neuroprotection through a mechanism involving stabilization of mitochondrial function.
Apoptosis inducing factor mediates caspase‐independent 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium toxicity in dopaminergic cells
Authors: Chu Charleen T. , Zhu Jian‐hui , Cao Guodong , Signore Armando , Wang Suping , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractParkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. These neurons are particularly sensitive to the neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the active metabolite of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which causes parkinsonian syndromes in humans, monkeys and rodents. Although apoptotic cell death has been implicated in MPTP/MPP+ toxicity, several recent studies have challenged the role of caspase‐dependent apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. Using the midbrain‐derived MN9D dopaminergic cell line, we found that MPP+ treatment resulted in an active form of cell death that could not be prevented by caspase inhibitors or over‐expression of a dominant negative inhibitor of apoptotic protease activating factor 1/caspase‐9. Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial protein that may mediate caspase‐independent forms of regulated cell death following its translocation to the nucleus. We found that MPP+ treatment elicited nuclear translocation of AIF accompanied by large‐scale DNA fragmentation. To establish the role of AIF in MPP+ toxicity, we constructed a DNA vector encoding a short hairpin sequence targeted against AIF. Reduction of AIF expression by RNA interference inhibited large‐scale DNA fragmentation and conferred significant protection against MPP+ toxicity. Studies of primary mouse midbrain cultures further supported a role for AIF in caspase‐independent cell death in MPP+‐treated dopaminergic neurons.
Enhanced caffeine‐induced Ca2+release in the 3xTg‐AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Smith Ian F. , Hitt Brian , Green Kim N. , Oddo Salvatore , LaFerla Frank M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among the elderly and is a complex disorder that involves altered proteolysis, oxidative stress and disruption of ion homeostasis. Animal models have proven useful in studying the impact of mutant AD‐related genes on other cellular signaling pathways, such as Ca2+signaling. Along these lines, disturbances of intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) homeostasis are an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. Here, we have employed microfluorimetric measurements of [Ca2+]ito investigate disturbances in Ca2+homeostasis in primary cortical neurons from a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg‐AD). Application of caffeine to mutant presenilin‐1 knock‐in neurons (PS1KI) and 3xTg‐AD neurons evoked a peak rise of [Ca2+]ithat was significantly greater than those observed in non‐transgenic neurons, although all groups had similar decay rates of their Ca2+transient. This finding suggests that Ca2+stores are greater in both PS1KIand 3xTg‐AD neurons as calculated by the integral of the caffeine‐induced Ca2+transient signal. Western blot analysis failed to identify changes in the levels of several Ca2+binding proteins (SERCA‐2B, calbindin, calsenilin and calreticulin) implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. However, ryanodine receptor expression in both PS1KIand 3xTg‐AD cortex was significantly increased. Our results suggest that the enhanced Ca2+response to caffeine observed in both PS1KIand 3xTg‐AD neurons may not be attributable to an alteration of endoplasmic reticulum store size, but to the increased steady‐state levels of the ryanodine receptor.
Phosphorylation‐dependent interactions of α‐Actinin‐1/IQGAP1 with the AMPA receptor subunit GluR4
Authors: Nuriya Mutsuo , Oh Sekyung , Huganir Richard L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAMPA (α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid) receptors play key roles in excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the CNS. Although a variety of proteins has been characterized to interact with AMPA receptors and regulate their function, little is known about the regulation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR4. To understand the molecular mechanisms of GluR4 functional regulation, the yeast two‐hybrid system was used to identify GluR4‐interacting molecules. α‐Actinin‐1 and IQGAP1 were identified to be GluR4‐specific binding partners. Both proteins interact specifically with GluR4 and co‐cluster with GluR4 individually in neurons. Mapping experiments revealed that α‐Actinin‐1 and IQGAP1 bind to the same region within the C‐terminus of GluR4 that contains a previously identified PKA phosphorylation site, Ser842, phosphorylation of which is regulated by synaptic activity. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser842 differentially regulates interactions of GluR4 with α‐Actinin‐1 and IQGAP1; phosphorylation strongly inhibits interaction of GluR4 with α‐Actinin‐1 but has little effect on its interaction with IQGAP1. These results suggest that α‐Actinin‐1 and IQGAP1 regulate GluR4 functions via their specific associations with GluR4. In addition, our data indicate that activity‐dependent phosphorylation of GluR4 may regulate its synaptic targeting through phosphorylation‐dependent interactions with α‐Actinin‐1 and IQGAP1.
Characterization and evaluation of microsatellite loci in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) and their transferability to other Corylus species
Authors: BOCCACCI P. , AKKAK A. , BASSIL N. V. , MEHLENBACHER S. A. , BOTTA R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this work, 18 microsatellite loci were developed in the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using three enriched genomic libraries. They were evaluated on a set of 20 accessions of this species on the basis of number of alleles (mean: 7.1), expected heterozygosity (mean: 0.67), power of discrimination (mean: 0.77) and polymorphism information content (mean: 0.64). Cross‐species transferability was evaluated using seven other Corylus species. All primer pairs amplified in all species, except for CaT‐C505 in Corylus ferox and CaT‐A114 in Corylus californica.
Development and multiplex PCR amplification of novel microsatellite markers in the White‐tailed Sea Eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla (Aves: Falconiformes, Accipitridae)
Authors: HAILER FRANK , GAUTSCHI BARBARA , HELANDER BJÖRN 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report the development of 14 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers cloned from the White‐tailed Sea Eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla, a formerly threatened raptor that has received much conservation attention throughout Eurasia. We also present a protocol for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the loci. Among 40 unrelated H. albicilla individuals from southern Sweden, the markers produced two to eight alleles per locus, and average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.463 and 0.468, respectively. We further present five microsatellite markers that appeared monomorphic in H. albicilla, but which may be of interest for use in other raptor species.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Tectona grandis (Linn. f)
Authors: VERHAEGEN DANIEL , OFORI DANIEL , FOFANA INZA , POITEL MIREILLE , VAILLANT ALEXANDRE 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTeak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) is a hardwood species of worldwide reputation. It occurs naturally in India, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos. Fifteen highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed from a genomic library enriched for AG/TC repeats. Primers to amplify these loci were tested on 265 individual trees from different teak populations. An average of 14.7 alleles per locus were detected and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.223 to 0.879. These loci constitute a powerful tool in investigating the mating system, gene flow, parentage analysis and population dynamics for use in sustainable management of teak forests and for in situ conservation purposes.
Di‐ and trinucleotide repeat microsatellites for the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius transcaspicus
Authors: LOZIER J. D. , MILLS N. J. , RODERICK G. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Mediterranean parasitoid Aphidius transcaspicus is currently under investigation as a potential biological control agent for the mealy plum aphid, Hyalopterus pruni, in California. To better understand the biology of this parasitoid, including the potential existence of distinct strains or geographic races, we have developed a set of nine di‐ and trinucleotide repeat microsatellite markers. These markers were examined for variability in individuals from throughout the geographic distribution of A. transcaspicus, and we found between three and 19 alleles per locus. These are the first loci developed for A. transcaspicus and they will be of value in studying the population structure of this potential biocontrol agent and for future diagnostics.
Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: SONG SIMON D. , MA JING , HUGHES JANE M. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) is a nonpest member of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex offering a platform to check hypotheses extrapolated from the more studied pest species. Six polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from enriched genomic libraries constructed using a biotin/streptavidin capture protocol. Allele number varied between three and nine; the expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.29 and 0.81. No significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or linkage disequilibrium were found. These microsatellite markers have potential to be used to examine population structure and mating systems in this tropical fruit fly.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) and interspecific amplification in five other Leuciscinae species
Authors: GIRARD PHILIPPE , ANGERS BERNARD 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) appears as a relevant model to address environmental and ecological issues in an evolutionary perspective. Eleven microsatellite markers were characterized for this species. Eight of these loci were highly polymorphic for populations of this species. Between four to 10 loci were also successfully amplified in five closely related species. These markers are believed to be valuable tools for genetic analysis of populations of longnose dace and other Leuciscinae species.
Early Cambrian crustal shortening and a clockwise P–T–t path from the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica: implications for the formation of Gondwana
Authors: BOGER S. D. , WILSON C. J. L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCambrian orogenesis (550–490 Ma) in the Lambert Province of the southern Prince Charles Mountains resulted in three successive stages of deformation. The earliest of these deformations resulted in the development of a layer‐parallel foliation (S1) that was folded into macro‐scale recumbent folds (F2). Subsequent deformation buckled the rocks into long‐wavelength (c. 20 km), SW‐ to NW‐trending antiformal closures (F3) mostly separated from each other by west to SW trending, steeply dipping, high‐strain zones. Metapelitic rocks from the region are divisible into two compositional types: a high‐Al, ‐Fe and ‐K type and a high‐Mg, ‐Ca and ‐Na type. In rocks of both composition, relic staurolite preceded the formation of upper amphibolite facies garnet + biotite + sillimanite ± muscovite mineral assemblages that record peak pressures and temperatures of c. 650–700 °C and 6–7 kbar. Subsequent decompression of c. 3 kbar is implied from texturally late plagioclase and a reduction in the modal abundance of garnet in the high‐Al, ‐Fe and ‐K metapelites, and from texturally late cordierite in the more magnesium rocks. This clockwise P–T–t path, with prograde heating followed by rapid decompression, is: (i) equivalent to that recorded in the same‐aged rocks at Prydz Bay located 600 km to the north, and (ii) similar to the modelled response of the crust to thickening following continent–continent collision. These results indicate that large areas of East Antarctica were thickened and rapidly exhumed, probably in response to collisional orogenesis during the Early Cambrian. This supports the inference that Early Cambrian orogenesis in the Prydz Bay–Prince Charles Mountains region of East Antarctica marks one of the fundamental lithospheric boundaries within Gondwana.
Functional ability at age 75: is there an impact of physical inactivity from middle age to early old age?
Authors: Christensen U. , Støvring N. , Schultz‐Larsen K. , Schroll M. , Avlund K. 
Published: August 2005

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of physical inactivity from middle age to early old age on functional ability at age 75. Physical activity is measured both as cumulated activity from age 50 to 60 to 70 and at three separate points in time.Three hundred eighty‐seven men and women born in 1914 and living in seven municipalities in the western part of the County of Copenhagen were followed for 25 years with examinations in 1964, 1974, 1984 and 1989. Analyses were conducted with physical inactivity as an independent variable (accumulated and separately for each point in time) and smoking, sex, school education, household composition, chronic disease at baseline and functional ability at age 70 as possible confounders. There was a strong association between physical inactivity at age 70 and disability at age 75. However, the analyses showed no effect of cumulated physical inactivity from age 50 to 60 to 70 on disability at age 75 when adjusting for functional ability at age 70. Physical inactivity is a risk factor for disability among old people. Thus, old people should be encouraged to take up and maintain physical training throughout the aging process.
Aggrecanase analysis of synovial fluid of temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Yoshida K , Takatsuka S , Tanaka A , Hatada E , Nakamura H , Nakagawa K , Okada Y 
Published: August 2005

Objectives:  To determine whether or not aggrecanase in synovial fluid can be used as a biochemical marker in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD).Materials and methods:  Forty‐four samples of synovial fluid were obtained from 35 patients with internal derangement or osteoarthritis and 15 control samples from 10 asymptomatic volunteers. Aggrecanase in the synovial fluid was examined by immunoblotting.Result:  The incidence of aggrecanase expression in TMJD group were significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). Those with severe OA and anterior disc displacement without reduction showed significantly high expression of aggrecanase compared with other disease subgroups (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  These findings suggested that aggrecanase could be a potential biochemical marker for cartilage degeneration in the TMJD.
Adenosine deaminase and 5′‐nucleotidase activities in saliva from patients with oral and laryngeal cancer
Authors: Saracoglu U , Guven O , Durak I 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate saliva's activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5′‐nucleotidase (5′‐NT) enzymes and their utility as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in oral and laryngeal cancer.Materials and methods:  Pre‐ and post‐operative saliva's activities of ADA and 5′‐NT enzymes were measured in patients with squamous cell oral (n = 10) and laryngeal cancer (n = 17) and compared with control saliva samples (n = 19).Results:  The ADA was found to be lower in saliva of the patients with oral cancer compared with the laryngeal cancer and controls. However, no significant differences were found between pre‐ and post‐operative values for both enzymes in the patient groups. We also could not find statistically significant differences between saliva's activities of 5′‐NT in patients and control subjects.Conclusions:  Low activity of ADA observed in saliva of the patients with oral cancer has been suggested as a compensatory mechanism against rapid purine and DNA metabolism in cancer cells. The current study does not support the hypothesis that saliva's activities of these enzymes may be used as additional diagnostic and prognostic cancer markers.
Multi‐criteria Analysis for Technique Assessment:Case Study from Industrial Coating
Authors: Geldermann Jutta , Rentz Otto 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEnvironmental policy is oriented toward integrated pollution prevention, taking into consideration all environmental media (air, water, land) and energy consumption. Therefore, methods for assessing environmentally relevant installations are needed which take economic, technical, and especially ecological criteria into account simultaneously. Mass and energy flow models are used for the representation of production processes and form the basis for the inventory phase in life‐cycle assessment (LCA). For the interpretation of LCA results and the weighting of the aggregated impact assessment indicators, approaches of multicriterion analysis (MCA) have been proposed. These can analyze ecological aspects as well as economic and technical criteria. Recent developments in LCA focus on decision support for policy makers or decision boards. Appropriate support for investment decisions on environmentally relevant installations, however, is rare.Based on a case study of the sector called surface coating, an MCA of environmentally relevant installations is described. With the help of a mass and energy flow management system, alternative scenarios, depicting the use of solvent‐reduced materials and environmentally friendly techniques, are modeled for the job coater processes in case studies of coating of mobile phones and coating of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) parts destined for the automobile industry. The modeled scenarios are further analyzed by using a multicriterion decision support module. The application of the outranking approach PROMETHEE is illustrated. A further investigation of the derived ranking can be obtained through sensitivity analyses. Moreover, the results derived by PROMETHEE are compared with the outcomes of the multicriterion approaches multiattribute utility theory and analytical hierarchy process.