bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed engineering of manufacturing machines
Authors: Harrison R , West A A , Weston R H , Monfared R P 
Published: August 2002

The specification and deployment of enterprise modelling and component-based system concepts to facilitate the distributed engineering of automotive manufacturing machines is reported in this paper. The main areas of research reported in the article cover (a) the design and prototype development of new forms of component-based engine assembly and transfer machines (b) life cycle engineering approaches that improve the change capability of component-based automotive machines and (c) the design and implementation of an engineering environment that enables distributed engineering teams to achieve (a) and (b). The concepts, approach and environment have been developed and are being formally assessed with reference to current practice within an ongoing engineering programme. A consortium of leading automotive companies is collaborating on the research project with the aim of producing a new range of engine products that will be used in various makes of vehicle around the globe.
Evaluating environmental liability through risk premiums charged on loans to agribusiness borrowers
Authors: Billiot Mary Jo , Daughtrey Zoel W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEnvironmental activities of a company may result in payments for hazardous waste site costs. Based upon current financial accounting standards, prospective payments for these costs are not always reported as liabilities on financial statements. Agribusiness lenders require complete information on the environmental status of agribusiness borrowers in order to assess the potential effects of environmental liability. In addition, agribusiness lenders have been held responsible by the judicial system for the environmental problems of their borrowers. Publicly available, financial and environmental data was used to develop models to quantify the effects of environmental status regardless of whether environmental liabilities are included in the financial statements. The results indicate that environmental status is dependent upon source of environmental hazard and company size, adjusted for industry affiliation. Affiliation with particular 4‐digit SIC codes reduces the probability of the borrower being considered a significant environmental liability risk. [EconLit Citations: Q13, K32, G20]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Group‐specific component (GC) in curiaú and pacoval, two african‐derived brazilian populations
Authors: De Oliveira Silviene Fabiana , Dos Santos Eliane Barbosa , De Souza Mendonça Patrícia Jeanne , Da Cruz Rocha Daniela Cristiane , Dos Santos Sidney Emanuel Batista 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe group‐specific component (GC) system is of interest in anthropological genetic studies because the distribution of its subtypes distinguishes among major ethnic groups. The GC system was analyzed in Curiaú and Pacoval, two remnant Quilombo populations (African‐derived populations) from the Brazilian Amazon. There was no significant statistical difference in allelic frequencies between the two populations or between them and three other African‐derived Brazilian populations (Mimbó, Sítio Velho, and Gaucinha in Northeastern Brazil). These populations share similarities among themselves and with African populations (high frequencies of GC*1F and lower frequencies of GC*1S), which may reflect the influence of a high level of African contribution to their formation, but there is a clear difference between them and Europeans and South American Indians. It is suggested that the GC system is a useful marker for studying relationships between single populations and major ethnic groups, but does not discriminate between populations which share the same parental stock. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:718–720, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population differences in the pattern of familial aggregation for sex hormone‐binding globulin and its response to exercise training: The HERITAGE family study
Authors: An Ping , Rice Treva , Gagnon Jacques , Borecki Ingrid B. , Rankinen Tuomo , Gu Chi , Leon Arthur S. , Skinner James S. , Wilmore Jack H. , Bouchard Claude , Rao D.C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFamilial influences were investigated for baseline sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) and its response (post‐training minus baseline) to a 20‐week endurance exercise training program. One hundred, eighty‐four participants from 85 Black families in the HERITAGE Family Study (HERITAGE) were analyzed using a familial correlation model. Baseline SHBG values and the training response were adjusted for the effects of age, baseline BMI, testosterone, estradiol, and fasting insulin levels (plus baseline SHBG values for the training response) within four sex‐by‐generation groups prior to genetic analysis. Baseline SHBG levels were influenced by appreciable familial effects (maximum heritability h2 = 54%) with neither spouse resemblance nor sex and generation differences in the correlations. This estimate is only slightly, but not significantly, smaller than the heritability of 64% reported previously in 428 participants from 99 White families in HERITAGE. In contrast to the modest familial effects for the training response in White participants in HERITAGE (h2 = 25%), there were no evidence of familial resemblance in Blacks in the current study. Furthermore, there was heterogeneity for both baseline SHBG and the training response between Blacks and Whites in the pattern of familial aggregation. In conclusion, baseline SHBG levels are influenced by significant familial effects in both Blacks and Whites, independent of the effects of age, sex, and baseline values of BMI, testosterone, estradiol, and fasting insulin levels. Whereas modest familial effects were detected for the training response in Whites, the lack of similar effects in Blacks may be due to the smaller sample size. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:832–837, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease in a young Dutch valine homozygote: Atypical molecular phenotype
Authors: Head Mark W. , Tissingh Gerrit , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Barkhof Frederik , Bunn Tristan J. R. , Ironside James W. , Kamphorst Wouter , Scheltens Philip 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA case of sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD) is described in a young Dutch protein prion gene (PRNP) codon 129 valine homozygote. Certain clinical and molecular features of this case overlap those of variant CJD. The case highlights possible difficulties in the differential diagnosis of vCJD and the more rare sCJD subtypes based on molecular features alone.
Osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum‐derived cells is promoted by the physical contact with the bone matrix in vivo
Authors: Shimizu Toshikatsu , Sasano Yasuyuki , Nakajo Satoru , Kagayama Manabu , Shimauchi Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe periosteum contains osteoprogenitors that differentiate to osteoblasts in bone growth or repair. Our previous studies suggested the hypothesis that the physical contact of the periosteum with the bone matrix is requisite for the differentiation of osteoblasts. To test the hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate how the contact between the periosteum and the bone matrix influences the osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal cells with establishing a new experimental model in vivo. Differentiation of osteoblasts was assessed by gene expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein using in situ hybridization. A barrier was designed to prevent periosteal cells from contacting the bone matrix using the membrane filter. The membrane filter was inserted surgically between the surface of rat parietal bone and the periosteum after being punched out with pin holes. Periosteal cells were allowed to contact with the bone surface only through the pin holes. The pin hole was filled with cells derived from the periosteum 1 week after inserting the filter. Differentiation of osteoblasts in week 2 and noticeable bone formation in week 3 were identified on the bone surface only under the pin hole but not under the filter. The present study demonstrated that the physical contact with the bone matrix promotes osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum‐derived cells in vivo. Anat Rec 264:72–81, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of hemolymph juvenile hormone esterase from the cricket, Gryllus assimilis
Authors: Zera Anthony J. , Sanger Travis , Hanes Jeremiah , Harshman Lawrence 
Published: September 2002

AbstractJuvenile hormone esterase (JHE) from the serum of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis, was purified to homogeneity in a four‐step procedure involving polyethylene glycol precipitation, hydrophobic interaction FPLC, and ion exchange FPLC. This procedure could be completed in 4 days and resulted in a greater than 900‐fold purification with greater than 30% recovery. The purified enzyme exhibited a single band on a silver‐stained SDS PAGE gel and had an apparent subunit molecular mass of 52 kDa. The native subunit molecular mass, determined by gel permeation FPLC, was 98 kDa, indicating that JHE from Gryllus assimilis is a dimer of two identical or similar subunits. The turnover number of the purified enzyme (1.41 s–1), KM(JH‐III) (84 ± 12 nM) of nearly‐purified enzyme, and kcat/KM (1.67 × 107 s–1 M–1) were similar to values reported for other well‐established lepidopteran and dipteran JHEs. JHE from Gryllus assimilis was strongly inhibited by the JHE transition‐state analogue OTFP (octylthio‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2‐propanone; I50 = 10–7 M) and by DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate; I50 = 10–7 M). The shapes of the inhibition profiles suggest the existence of multiple binding sites for these inhibitors or multiple JHEs that differ in inhibition. Isoelectric focusing separated the purified protein into 4 isoforms with pIs ranging from 4.7–4.9. N‐terminal amino acid sequences (11–20 amino acids) of the isoforms differed from each other in 1–4 positions, suggesting that the isoforms are products of the same or similar genes. Homogeneously purified JHE hydrolyzed α‐napthyl esters, did not exhibit any detectable acetylcholinesterase, acid phosphatase, or aminopeptidase activity, and exhibited only very weak alkaline phosphatase activity. JHE exhibited a low (11 μM) KM for long‐chain α‐naphthyl esters, indicating that JHE may have physiological roles other than the hydrolysis of JH‐III. Purification of JHE represents a key step in our attempts to identify the molecular causes of genetically‐based variation in JHE activity in G. assimilis. This represents the first homogeneous purification of JHE from a hemimetabolous insect. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 49:41–55, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: TMOF‐like factor controls the biosynthesis of serine proteases in the larval gut of Heliothis virescens
Authors: Nauen Ralf , Sorge Dorian , Sterner Andreas , Borovsky Dov 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn our recently published paper, we the authors have found that in Table 3 there was a mistake in the statistical analysis of injected and control animals; they are not statistically different. Because of this faulty analysis, we initially did not find it necessary to include the 72 hour results that are highly statistically different.The amended Table 3 and the original article’s title page appear below.
Carbohydrate‐derived alkylcobalt carbonyl: {[(1,2:5,6‐Di‐O,O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranos‐3‐yl)oxycarbonyl]methyl}cobalt tricarbonyl triphenylphosphine
Authors: Zucchi Claudia , Tiddia Stefania , Boese Roland , Tschoerner C. Matthias , Bencze Lajos , Pályi Gyula 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA carbohydrate‐derivative alkylcobalt carbonyl, {[(1,2:5,6‐di‐O,O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranos‐3‐yl)oxycarbonyl]methyl}cobalt tricarbonyl triphenylphosphine (3) was prepared and characterized by IR, NMR, and CD spectra, as well as by X‐ray diffraction. The supramolecular chemistry in the crystalline P212121 (chiral) phase and in solution was analyzed and compared. The bulky carbohydrate‐based ligand stabilized one chiral conformation, which, however, is less ordered than for analogous compounds with more flexible and less bulky chiral groups. Intermolecular, H‐bond interactions are more important in the P212121 phase of complex 3 than at other analogous compounds. Chirality 13:458–464, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of atmospheric formaldehyde with a diffusion scrubber and light‐emitting diode–liquid‐core waveguide based fluorometry
Authors: Li Jianzhong , Dasgupta Purnendu K. , Genfa Zhang , Hutterli Manuel A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new automated instrument for the near–real‐time measurement of atmospheric formaldehyde is described. The chemistry involves the cyclization reaction of formaldehyde with 1,3‐cyclohexanedione (CHD) in the presence of ammonium ions to form a fluorescent dihydropyridine derivative. A GaN‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) emitting in the near UV was used as the excitation source in a miniature flowthrough fluorescence detector based on a transversely illuminated liquid‐core waveguide. The instrument is configured to operate in a periodic autozero mode where the exhaust from the sampling pump is chemically treated to provide zero gas for automated periodic checks of the baseline. The liquid‐phase portion of the system provides a S/N = 3 limit of detection (LOD) of 10‐nM aqueous formaldehyde. A thermostated Nafion®‐membrane–based diffusion scrubber is used to collect atmospheric formaldehyde into pure water with an absorption efficiency of ∼70%, which results in an LOD of 30 pptv HCHO. (In cases where the H2O2 to HCHO ratio is very high, as in background polar atmospheres, the LOD will deteriorate markedly.) Design, performance details, and illustrative results from a 1999 field campaign (Atlanta Supersite Study) are presented. Interference from H2O2 is discussed in detail. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 2–12, 2001
Stream water chemistry in a steep headwater basin with high relief
Authors: Tsujimura Maki , Onda Yuichi , Ito Jun 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSoil water, spring water and stream water were monitored to investigate the behaviour of dissolved loads in relation to subsurface flow processes in a steep, high‐relief mountainous headwater basin in central Japan. Concentrations of Cl−, NO3−, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and SiO2 of hillslope soil water are almost the same as those of spring water and stream water, whereas concentrations of Ca2+, SO42− and HCO3− in spring water and stream water are considerably higher than those in hillslope soil water. Clear negative correlations are observed between Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42−, HCO3− and SiO2 concentrations and discharge rate for spring and stream waters. These results suggest that stream water chemistry in this basin is influenced by subsurface water flowing through bedrock. Dilute, short residence subsurface flow through bedrock contributes to the stream during high flow periods, and concentrated, long residence subsurface flow contributes to the stream during low flow periods. The SiO2 data in spring and stream waters indicate that the residence time of subsurface water flowing through the bedrock is relatively short in this basin compared with that observed in previous studies of other basins. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and histochemistry of the hyolingual apparatus in chameleons
Authors: Herrel A. , Meyers J.J. , Nishikawa K.C. , De Vree F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe reexamined the morphological and functional properties of the hyoid, the tongue pad, and hyolingual musculature in chameleons. Dissections and histological sections indicated the presence of five distinctly individualized pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles. An analysis of the histochemical properties of the system revealed only two fiber types in the hyolingual muscles: fast glycolytic and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers. In accordance with this observation, motor‐endplate staining showed that all endplates are of the en‐plaque type. All muscles show relatively short fibers and large numbers of motor endplates, indicating a large potential for fine muscular control. The connective tissue sheet surrounding the entoglossal process contains elastin fibers at its periphery, allowing for elastic recoil of the hyolingual system after prey capture. The connective tissue sheets surrounding the m. accelerator and m. hyoglossus were examined under polarized light. The collagen fibers in the accelerator epimysium are configured in a crossed helical array that will facilitate limited muscle elongation. The microstructure of the tongue pad as revealed by SEM showed decreased adhesive properties, indicating a change in the prey prehension mechanics in chameleons compared to agamid or iguanid lizards. These findings provide the basis for further experimental analysis of the hyolingual system. J. Morphol. 249:154–170, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR chemical shift mapping of the binding site of a protein proteinase inhibitor: changes in the 1H, 13C and 15N NMR chemical shifts of turkey ovomucoid third domain upon binding to bovine chymotrypsin Aα
Authors: Song Jikui , Markley John L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe substrate‐like inhibition of serine proteinases by avian ovomucoid domains has provided an excellent model for protein inhibitor‐proteinase interactions of the standard type. 1H,15N and 13C NMR studies have been undertaken on complexes formed between turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3)2 and chymotrypsin Aα (Ctr) in order to characterize structural changes occurring in the Ctr binding site of OMTKY3. 15N and 13C were incorporated uniformly into OMTKY3, allowing backbone resonances to be assigned for OMTKY3 in both its free and complex states. Chemical shift perturbation mapping indicates that the two regions, K13‐P22 and N33‐A40, are the primary sites in OMTKY3 involved in Ctr binding, in full agreement with the 12 consensus proteinase‐contact residues of OMTKY3 defined previously on the basis of X‐ray crystallographic and mutational analysis. Smaller chemical shift perturbations in selected other regions may result from minor structural changes on binding. Through‐bond 15N–13C correlations between P1‐13C′ and P1′‐15N in two‐dimensional H(N)CO and HN(CO) NMR spectra of selectively labeled OMTKY3 complexed with Ctr indicate that the scissile peptide bond between L18 and E19 of the inhibitor is intact in the complex. The chemical shifts of the reactive site peptide bond indicate that it is predominantly trigonal, although the data are not inconsistent with a slight perturbation of the hybridization of the peptide bond toward the first tetrahedral state along the reaction coordinate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

BPTI

bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, Swiss‐Prot P00974

Ctr

bovine chymotrypsin Aα Swiss‐Prot P00766

OMTKY3

third domain of the proteinase inhibitor (ovomucoid) from turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Swiss‐Prot P01004

SSI

streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor, Swiss‐Prot P01006

STI

soybean trypsin inhibitor, Swiss‐Prot P01071.
Climate of the seasonal cycle in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans
Authors: Yashayaev Igor M. , Zveryaev Igor I. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTime series of monthly sea‐surface temperature (SST), air temperature (AT) and sea level pressure (SLP) were constructed from merged releases of the Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). The time series were decomposed into seasonal and non‐seasonal (short and long‐term) components. The contribution of the seasonal cycle to the total variance of SST and AT exceeds 80% in the mid and in some high latitude locations and reaches its peak (>95%) in the centres of subtropical gyres. In most cases, a combination of annual and semiannual harmonics accounts for more than 95% of the seasonal variability.Amplitudes of SST and AT annual cycles are highest near the western boundaries of the oceans; annual phases of SST and AT increase toward the eastern tropical oceans, revealing a southeastern propagation of the annual cycle over the Northern Hemisphere oceans. The annual cycle of AT leads that of SST by 1–3 weeks. The largest phase differences are observed in the regions of western boundary currents in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans. This is consistent with spatial patterns of integral air–sea heat fluxes. Annual phases of SST increase along the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio Current. This points to the importance of signal transport by the major ocean currents.The lowest annual amplitudes of SLP are observed along the equator (0°–10°N) in both oceans. There are three distinct areas of high annual amplitudes of SLP in the North Pacific Ocean: Asian, Aleutian and Californian. Unlike the North Pacific, only one such area exists in the North Atlantic centred to the west of Iceland. A remarkable feature in the climate of the North Pacific is a maximum of semiannual SLP amplitudes, centred near 40°N and 170°W. It is also an absolute maximum in the entire Northern Hemisphere. Analysis of phases of harmonics of SLP seasonal cycle has revealed the trajectories of propagation of the annual and semiannual cycles.Analysis of semiannual to annual amplitudes ratio has revealed the regions of semiannual cycle dominance. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Kinetics of the gas‐phase reactions of hydroxyl radicals with C1–C6 aliphatic alcohols in the presence of ammonium sulfate aerosols
Authors: Oh Sewon , Andino Jean M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effects of ammonium sulfate aerosols on the kinetics of the hydroxyl radical reactions with C1–C6 aliphatic alcohols have been investigated using the relative rate technique. P‐xylene was used as a reference compound for the C2–C6 aliphatic alcohols study, and ethanol was used as a reference compound for the methanol study. Two different aerosol concentrations that are typical of polluted urban conditions were tested. The total surface areas of aerosols were 1400 μm2 cm−3 (condition I) and 3400 μm2 cm−3 (condition II). Results indicate that ammonium sulfate aerosols promote the ethanol/OH radical and 1‐propanol/OH radical reactions as compared to the p‐xylene/OH radical reaction. The relative rate of the ethanol/·OH reaction versus the p‐xylene/·OH reaction increased from 0.19 ± 0.01 in the absence of aerosols to 0.24 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.02 under aerosol conditions I and II, respectively. The relative rate of the 1‐propanol/·OH reaction versus the p‐xylene/·OH reaction increased from 0.45 ± 0.03 in the absence aerosols to 0.56 ± 0.02 and 0.55 ± 0.03 under aerosol conditions I and II, respectively. However, significant changes in the relative rates of the 1‐butanol/·OH, 1‐pentanol/·OH, and 1‐hexanol/·OH reactions versus the p‐xylene/·OH reaction were not observed for either aerosol concentration. The relative rates of the methanol/·OH reaction versus the ethanol/·OH reaction were identical in the absence and presence of aerosols. These results indicate that ammonium sulfate aerosols promote the methanol/·OH reaction as much as the ethanol/·OH reaction (as compared to the p‐xylene/·OH reaction). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 422–430, 2001