bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sheep‐Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever Involving 3–5‐Week‐Old Calves in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abu Elzein E. M. E. , Housawi F. M. T. , Gameel A. A. , Al‐Afaleq A. I. , El‐Bashir A. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBetween late December 1999 and late April 2000, three locally bred Friesian calves (ageing 25, 28 and 35 days) in a dairy farm, at Al‐Ahsa locality of the eastern region of Saudi Arabia showed dullness and inappetence. Their rectal temperatures ranged between 41 and 41.5°C. One to 2 days later and onwards, the calves showed lacrimation, nasal discharge, salivation, oedema of the head, conjunctivitis, exo‐ophthalmia and corneal opacity. One calf showed diarrhoea. The superficial lymph nodes were oedematous and swollen. The calves died after 7, 5 and 8 days, respectively, following the onset of the disease. Calves and rabbits were experimentally infected with materials from the naturally infected calves. The rabbits showed fever, mild conjunctivitis and one rabbit showed wet faeces. The experimentally inoculated calves showed rise in temperature and mild symptoms but none of them died. The virus from the naturally infected calves and from the experimentally infected rabbits was identified as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus using both the complement fixation test and the fluorescent antibody test, employing a reference anti‐serum against the WC 11 strain of MCF virus. Serological survey for MCF antibodies in cattle, sheep and goats from the affected farm revealed that 54% of the examined animals were positive. The situation of MCF in Saudi Arabia was discussed in relation to sheep and wild game. This paper constitutes the first report of MCF in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region.
Experimental Dual Infection of Specific Pathogen‐Free Pigs with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Pseudorabies Virus
Authors: Shibata I. , Yazawa S. , Ono M. , Okuda Y. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTwenty 6‐week‐old specific pathogen‐free pigs were divided into four groups. On day 0 of the experiment, PRRSV–PRV (n = 6) and PRRSV (n = 4) groups were intranasally inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (105.6TCID50). On day 7, the PRRSV–PRV and PRV (n = 6) groups were intranasally inoculated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) (103.6TCID50). Control pigs (n = 4) were kept as uninoculated negative controls. Half of the pigs in each group were euthanized and necropsied on day 14 or 21. Clinical signs such as depression and anorexia were observed in the PRRSV–PRV and PRV groups after inoculation with PRV. Although febrile response was observed after virus inoculations, the duration of that response was prolonged in the PRRSV–PRV group compared with the other groups. The lungs in the PRRSV–PRV group failed to collapse and were mottled or diffusely tan and red, whereas the lungs of the pigs in the other groups were grossly normal. Histopathologically, interstitial pneumonia was present in all PRRSV‐inoculated pigs, but the pneumonic lesions were more severe in the PRRSV–PRV group. Mean PRRSV titres of tonsil and lung in the PRRSV–PRV group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the PRRSV group on day 21. These results indicate that dual infection with PRRSV and PRV increased clinical signs and pneumonic lesions in pigs infected with both viruses, as compared to pigs infected with PRRSV or PRV only, at least in the present experimental conditions.
Differences in Antibiotic Resistance inEscherichia coli,Isolated from East‐European Swine Herds With or Without Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Docic M. , Bilkei G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of the study was to compare the resistance patterns ofEscherichia coliisolates from pig herds with or without prophylactic use of anti‐microbial substances. The presented pig units received either antibiotics or oregano as preventive feed additives. The trial was performed from April to October 2001, in the large ‘country‐corner’, Hungary–Rumania–Serbia. Thirty of 39 evaluated herds sufferedE. coliO139 K88 ac or ad LT STb caused losses, the remaining were negative forE. coliO139. Thirteen of the selected 30 herds produced with oregano feed supplementation (Oregpig®Pecs, Hungary) antibiotic‐free pigs. These units had no history of prophylactic antibiotic use since 1995. The remaining 17 herds routinely used prophylactic antibiotic feed supplementation. In each herd, pigs of four different age groups (suckling piglets, weaners, fattening swine and breeding sows), showing the clinical symptoms of wasting, were investigated.E. coliO139 K88 ac or ad LT STb were tested for their resistance to antibiotics, available in this region. Oregano‐fed herds demonstrated high significantly (P < 0.001) lower MICs (μg/ml) for ampicillin, doxycyclin, enrofloxacin, gentamycin, oxytetracyclin and sulfamethacin compared to herds with prophylactic use of antibiotics. Resistance to ceftiofur revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences between the antibiotic‐ or oregano‐treated units. The present results confirm literature data, that prophylactic use of antibiotics likely plays a role in inducing resistance ofE. coliand other intestinal bacteria. Thus, imposing greater restrictions on antibiotic use in animal agriculture is likely to reduce but not eliminate the occurrence of resistant isolates.
The Pectinid Bivalve Pedum spondy­loideum (Gmelin 1791): Amount of Surface and Volume Occupied in Host Corals From the Red Sea
Authors: Kleemann Karl 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. In the northern Red Sea, the nestling and facultatively boring pectinid bivalve Pedum spondyloideum lives embedded in various scleractinian host corals of seven families, including the previously unrecorded hosts Astreopora, Leptastrea and Hydnophora. Pedum density varied according to host species, locality and depth. The bivalve‐occupied coral surface (OCS) was measured on samples and from close‐up photos taken in the field. Based on the 9 × 6 cm photo frames, Pedum density ranged from 1.9 – 18.6 · (100 cm2)– 1. In 14 Montipora, apparently the favourite host genus, mean density was 6.5 · (100 cm2)– 1 and mean OCS 3.4 %, but maximum OCS amounted to 12.5 %. In 19 × 13 cm frames, Pedum density ranged from 0.4 – 10.7 · (100 cm2)– 1. The maximum density occur­red again in Montipora, followed by Porites [6.7 · (100 cm2)– 1] and Cyphastrea [6.0 · (100 cm2)– 1]. The OCS ranged from 0.2 – 7.0 %. The latter was found in Goniastrea, and 6.6 % OCS in Montipora. The mean density of Pedum in 13 Montipora was 3.6 · (100 cm2)– 1 and mean OCS 2.2 %.Heavy infestation does not appear to impact the corals, except in growth form. Shell size and dwelling volume are highly correlated. From the opening length on the coral surface, the expected volume can be calculated using the regression y = 0.2127 x2.7447. A high Pedum density indicates a southerly reef site or near‐shore locality with ample suspended nutrients in the water. Successions of Pedum generations in the same host demonstrate that corals usually outlive their inhabitants by many years. The embedded traces are less distinct than in the coral‐associated mytilid Lithophaga. Compared with the latter, Pedum dwellings have a less regular shape and a much wider opening. Coral overgrowth partly fills and camouflages dwellings. Although no fossil record is known, Pedum traces have a fossilisation potential.
Experimental coccidioidomycosis in hamsters. Disease kinetics and death curve in relation to infective dose
Authors: Finquelievich J. L. , Iovannitti C. , Negroni R. , Elias Costa M. R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA study of experimental coccidioidomycosis in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) is presented. Two experiments were conducted on 75 animals inoculated intracardially with the mycelial form of Coccidioides immitis. The first research (experiment I) studied the kinetics of experimental disease in 15 hamsters inoculated with 300 C. immitis arthroconidia. The parameters studied were: (a) presence of macroscopic lesions in the brain, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys; (b) microscopic identification of spherules in wet mount preparations of these specimens; (c) samples from all organs cultured at 37 °C on Sabouraud glucose agar; (d) blood cultures drawn every 24 h during the first week and subsequently every 48 h and (e) histopathological studies of all organs. The second experiment (experiment II) determined the relationship between the inoculum size and death curve in six groups of 10 animals each, which had received doses of 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 arthroconidia, respectively. On day 14 post‐inoculation, all the animals underwent skin tests and 1 ml of blood was obtained by cardiac puncture to detect antibodies. Disseminated disease with persistent fungaemia developed in all the studied animals. Coccidioides immitis was recovered from all organs, with the lungs being the first to present disease. Death occurred in all groups, regardless of the dose of arthroconidia and 83.3% died between day 22 and day 28 post‐infection. The use of this model is proposed for the biological standardization of antigens, the study of prophylactic measures and the ‘‘in vivo’’ evaluation of new antifungal treatments.
Seed storage protein diversity in triticale varieties commonly grown in Portugal
Authors: Igrejas G. , Guedes‐Pinto H. , Carnide V. , Branlard G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA collection of 14 triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) varieties commonly grown in Portugal were analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) to describe allelic diversity in the storage proteins encoded at the Glu‐1 (Glu‐A1, Glu‐B1 and Glu‐R1), Gli‐1 (Gli‐A1 and Gli‐B1), Glu‐3 (Glu‐A3 and Glu‐B3), Glu‐B2 and Gli‐R2 loci. Several alleles were identified: 10 at the loci encoding for high molecular weight(HMW)subunits (seven for glutenin and three for secalins), eight for low molecular weight glutenin subunits, four for γ‐gliadins and three for 75K γ‐secalins. These results showed that triticale varieties grown in Portugal exhibit great genetic diversity. Knowledge of the diversity of these storage proteins, which are the major gluten components, will greatly increase our understanding of the quality differences that might exist between triticale varieties.
Genetic mapping of the barley Rrs14 scald resistance gene with RFLP, isozyme and seed storage protein markers
Authors: Garvin D. F. , Brown A. H. D. , Raman H. , Read B. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe scald susceptible barley cultivar ‘Clipper’ and a third‐backcross (BC3) line homozygous for the Rrs14 scald resistance gene that originally came from Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum were grown in replicated field trials. The level of resistance that Rrs14 confers against field populations of the pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of scald disease, was evaluated. The Rrs14 BC3 line exhibited 80% and 88% less leaf damage than ‘Clipper’ in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Given this effectiveness of Rrs14, research was undertaken to identify a linked marker locus suitable for indirect selection of Rrs14. Based on linkage to a set of previously mapped loci, Rrs14 was positioned to barley chromosome 1H between the seed storage protein (hordein) loci Hor1 and Hor2, approximately 1.8 cM from the latter locus. The Hor2 locus is thus an ideal codominant molecular marker for Rrs14. The tight linkage between Rrs14 and Hor2 and the availability of alternative biochemical and molecular techniques for scoring Hor2 genotypes, permits simple indirect selection of Rrs14 in barley scald resistance breeding programmes.
Interspecific hybridization between Brassica carinata and Brassica rapa
Authors: Choudhary B. R. , Joshi P. , Ramarao S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe crossability between Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n=34) and Brassica rapa (AA, 2n=20), and the cytomorphology of their F1 hybrids were studied. Hybrids between these two species were only obtained when B. carinata was used as the female parent. The hybrid plants exhibited intermediate leaf and flower morphology, and were found to be free from white rust and Alternaria blight diseases. One of the four F1 plants was completely male sterile, while the remaining plants had 4.8, 8.6, and 10.9% stainable pollen, respectively. No seed was produced on hybrid plants under self pollination or in backcrosses; but seed was obtained from open pollination. The occurrence of the maximum of 11 bivalents as well as up to 44.8%) of cells with multivalent associations in the form of trivalents (0‐2) and a quadrivalent (0‐1) in the trigenomic triploid hybrid (ABC, 2n = 27) revealed intergenomic homoeology among the A, B and C genomes. Meiotic analysis of F1 hybrids indicated that traits of economic importance, such as disease resistance, could be transferred from B. carinata to B. rapa through interspecific crosses.
Regeneration potential of CIMMYT durum wheat and triticale varieties from immature embryos
Authors: Bohorova N. E. , Pfeiffer W. H. , Mergoum M. , Crossa J. , Pacheco M. , Estañol P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty‐five durum wheat elite advanced lines and released varieties, and five triticale varieties were evaluated for their ability to produce embryogenic callus using three different media. For callus initiation and maintenance there were basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing double strains of macroelements and 2.5 mg/l 2,4D (DW1), basal MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l 2,4D (DW2), or basal MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4 D and coconut milk (DW3). Plant regeneration was achieved on basal MS medium with indoleacetic acid and 6‐benzylaminopurine, and plants rooted on MS with 1‐naphthale‐neacetic acid. DW3 medium proved better than the other media tested for embryogenic callus initiation and maintenance. Regeneration rates varied widely with both genotype and initiation medium, with values ranging from no regeneration to 100% regeneration; the plantlets produced per embryo ranged from five to 20. Fourteen of the durum wheat genotypes showed 63–100% regeneration from DW3 callus formation medium, four lines from DW1 medium, and two lines from DW2. Four of the triticale varieties had regeneration of 48–100% from DW3 medium. After six subcultures, over a 6‐month period, genotypes lost their ability to regenerate plants. Only 10 lines retained some plant regeneration potential but regeneration was at reduced levels. Successful regeneration of durum wheat and triticale varieties will be used as an integral part of the transformation process.
Factors influencing tissue culture responses of mature seeds and immature embryos in turf‐type tall fescue
Authors: Bai Y. , Qu R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of turf‐type tall fescue for genetic transformation, the effects of five culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with immature embryos and mature seeds of an elite cultivar, ‘Coronado’, as explant tissues. For both explants, calli induced on 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP)‐containing medium had significantly improved regeneration ability. The optimal concentration of BAP for the induction of regenerable callus from mature seeds was 0.1 mg/l. Thidiazuron also improved callus regeneration frequency of mature seeds. Casein hydrolysate, L‐proline and myo‐inositol improved callus induction of immature embryos but not mature seeds. They did not improve callus regeneration frequencies with either explant tissue. By simply slicing the mature seeds into two halves longitudinally, the callus induction frequencies, as well as the corresponding overall plant regeneration frequencies, were increased approximately three‐ to six‐fold in all three combinations of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and BAP in callus induction media.
Inheritance of resistance to race 330 of Plasmopara halstedii in three sunflower lines
Authors: Molinero‐Ruiz M. L. , Melero‐Vara J. M. , Domínguez J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSunflower lines RHA‐274, HA‐61 and RHA‐325 were studied for their resistance to race 330 of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii). The same inbred line, with normal (HA‐89) or sterile cytoplasm (cmsHA‐89) was used in all the crosses as susceptible parent, and, in each cross, only one genotype of the resistant parent was studied. The resistant‐to‐susceptible ratios obtained in the BC1 and F2 progenies from the crosses of the lines RHA‐274 and HA‐61 to cmsHA‐89 and HA‐89, respectively, suggested that, in each resistant line, two dominant genes are responsible for resistance to this downy mildew race. One of the genes (A) is epistatic to the other (B), and the recessive allele b in homozygosity is also epistatic to aa, with plants carrying aabb genotypes being resistant. Resistance to race 330 seemed to be controlled by two complementary genes in the sunflower inbred line RHA‐325, the dominant allele of one of them being present in cmsHA‐89. In the genotypes HA‐89 or cmsHA‐89, the existence of genes that modify the expected segregations following the crosses with resistant parents is proposed. It is concluded that, although major genes have been described as responsible for monogenic resistance to downy mildew, other types of regulation of this character, such as complementarity and epistatic relationships, do occur.
Inheritance and genetic linkage analysis of a firm‐ripening tomato mutant
Authors: Schuelter A. R. , Finger F. L. , Casali V. W. D. , Brommonschenkel S. H. , Otoni W. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe tomato cv. ‘Santa Clara’ is widely cultivated among tomato producers in most of the South‐east of Brazil. Recently, some plants of this cultivar were identified with morphological alterations in both vegetative and reproductive organs. These plants showed firm (firme) ripe fruits, slow and delayed ripening. They also had yellow leaves associated with precocious senescence and flowers with pale stigmas. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic model of inheritance for this mutation and to evaluate its effects on shelf life and loss of firmness in mature fruits, as well as analyse the occurrence of genetic relationships between this putative mutant and other pleiotropic mutants. Mutated plants were crossed with the non‐mutant cv. ‘Santa Clara’ and some previously described pleiotropic mutants. Seeds of F1 and F2 generations and backcrosses were obtained for the segregation analysis. Morphological characteristics modified by this mutation are governed by a recessive gene with pleiotropic effects. In addition, the test of allelism showed a lack of genetic complementation between the ‘firme’ mutant and lutescent‐2 mapped on chromosome 10. Fruits of the ‘firme’ mutant had a slower rate of softening compared with the cv. ‘Santa Clara’ and its hybrids. The fruit shelf life of the mutant ‘firme’ was significantly superior to the other genotypes. No maternal effect was detected in either qualitative or quantitative characteristics. Based on the data, the mutation ‘firme’ in the cv. ‘Santa Clara’ is located in the region containing the l‐2 locus, which promoted alterations in ripening and post‐harvest physiology of fruits. The mutation ‘firme’ may represent a new allele of the gene lutescent‐2 or a gene linked to physiological events of fruit ripening.
Erucic acid heredity in Brassica juncea ‐ some additional information
Authors: Bhat M. A. , Gupta M. L. , Banga S. K. , Raheja R. K. , Banga S. S. , Rakow G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGenetic studies were undertaken to reassess erucic acid heredity in Brassica juncea. Analysis of segregation in F2 and BC1 generations from two zero × high erucic acid crosses indicated that higher erucic acid in B. juncea was controlled by two dominant genes with additive effects, whereas segregation in a cross involving ‘CCWF 16′, a genotype having intermediate erucic acid (25.6%), and a zero erucic acid strain, indicated monogenic dominant control for intermediate erucic acid content. The B. juncea strain ‘CCWF 16’ was developed by hybridizing high‐erucic acid B. juncea cv.‘WF‐1’ with a ‘0’ erucic B. rapa cv.‘Candle’ followed by backcrossing with ‘WF‐1’ and half‐seed selection for low erucic acid in each backcross generation. This strategy resulted in substitution of the high erucic acid allele present in the A genome of B. juncea (AABB) by the zero erucic acid allele associated with ‘A’ genome of ‘Candle’. The intermediate erucic acid content in ‘CCWF 16’ was thus attributed to a gene present in the ‘BB’ genome. Experimental data clearly suggested that the gene (E2) associated with the A genome had a greater contribution to the total erucic acid content in B. juncea than the gene (E1) located on the B genome. This provided experimental evidence for a previous suggestion of unequal contributions of two dominant genes (E1= 12%, E2= 20%) to high erucic acid content in conventional digenomic Brassica species.
Cell Subpopulation‐related Volumetric Parameters: a Complementary Tool of the Modified Hypo‐osmotic Swelling Test on Model of Boar Spermatozoa
Authors: Petrounkina A. , Petzoldt R. , Weitze KF. , Waberski D. , Töpfer‐Petersen E. 
Published: March 2003

ContentIt is a general property of the intact animal cell to swell rapidly in response to hypo‐osmotic conditions. The modified hypo‐osmotic swelling test (HOS‐test) is an indicative test to evaluate the integrity of the plasma membrane by means of an electronic cell counter, based on the relative increase of the cell volume in response to hypo‐osmotic conditions. In this study the relationships between the osmotically induced changes of the cell volume of boar spermatozoa as determined by cell counter and the integrity of the membrane as determined by propidium iodide staining (PI) were studied. Boar sperm cell volume distributions were measured under iso‐osmotic (300 mosmolar) conditions and after a hypo‐osmotic stress (150 mosmolar). The relative volume shift of mean and modal volume were calculated as a proportion coefficient of modal and mean values of the cell volume distributions by transition from iso‐osmotic to hypo‐osmotic conditions. The volumetric parameters related to the different cell subpopulations were derived from the different peaks of cell volume distributions. PI‐staining techniques were used for comparison. The values of the volume shift and of derived percentages of the osmotically inactive cells were correlated negatively and positively, respectively (p < 0.05) with the percentage of the PI‐stained cells. This correlation indicates that a relationship exists between membrane functions of the different cell compartments (sperm head and tail) due to the circumstance that the increase of the cell volume in the HOS‐test is associated with the morphological changes in the tail and the PI‐staining is associated with the membrane integrity and permeability of the head region. The advantage of computer‐assisted volume measurement is that a large number of cells (5000–50 000 spermatozoa) can be measured and evaluated during one procedure and in a very short time. The relative volume shift is a quantitative continuous parameter characterizing the osmotic reactivity and membrane functional competence of a cell population and of subpopulations within one ejaculate. This parameter could be useful to evaluate membrane functional competence rapidly and sensitively.