bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Pivot: A Guide to Holistic Admissions
Authors: Snyder Jennifer , Alexander Lisa Mustone , Statler Michel , Straker Howard , Bowser Jonathan , Caruthers Kara , Murray Donna , Alesbury Elizabeth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs an ever-increasing number of physician assistant (PA) programs moves toward holistic admissions, a better understanding of how to achieve their stated admission goals becomes more important. With the June 2023 US Supreme Court decision effectively ending affirmative action in higher education, navigating holistic admissions is now an even greater challenge. In this article, the PA Education Association's Presidents Commission offers a guide for programs to use in implementing holistic admissions at their institutions and key considerations. Is the process mission-driven? Does it follow principles of quality improvement and incorporate ongoing assessment of that process? Using data can be a constructive and insightful way to inform the process. The authors hope that tools, resources, and recommendations offered in this article will serve as valuable resources for any program attempting to institute or improve its holistic admissions process.
Workload of the Director of Clinical Education in Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs
Authors: Lewis Michele (Shelly) , Folkins Eric 
Published: January 2024

Introduction.Directors of clinical education (DCEs) have complex roles in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs. Workload imbalances affect the DCEs' ability to perform tasks efficiently and effectively. In this study, our purpose was to examine the DCEs' formal and actual workload, and factors that influence workload.Review of Literature.Variations in DCE workload exist among DPT programs. The DCEs' day-to-day workload often differs from their formal workload. Programmatic and individual factors may influence workload. We did not find any large-scale studies that compared the DCEs' actual and formal workloads.Subjects.We examined data from 143 DCEs for DPT programs in the United States.Methods.Subjects were recruited using email and Listserv to take a novel online survey. In this quantitative, nonexperimental study, we examined data through descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and multiple regressions.Results.Respondents worked significantly more hours than they were expected to work. A significant difference existed between the percentage of time formally designated and the time actually spent performing administrative, scholarship, and teaching tasks. Respondents reported lacking time in all workload categories. Collective programmatic and DCE characteristics statistically significantly affected the DCEs' scholarship and service workloads. The number of clinical education experiences independently significantly affected the DCEs' administrative and service workloads. The amount of training a DCE received independently significantly affected the DCEs' administrative, scholarship, and service workloads.Discussion and Conclusion.A consistent method of calculating DCE workload should be developed that considers DCE and program characteristics. More time is needed for DCEs to perform their roles effectively. If workload imbalances, program variations, and time constraints are not addressed, DCEs may become dissatisfied with their jobs and leave the position.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration of Pelvic Lesions
Authors: Su Tong , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Ruixia , Wang Jing , Xu Hongwei , Xu Changqin , Zhao Shulei 
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a potentially valuable tool for the diagnosis of pelvic lesions. The aim of this meta‑analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of pelvic lesions.

Methods:
We performed a computerized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index, through March 2023. The main outcome measures examined in the meta-analysis were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy.

Results:
We evaluated 22 trials that used surgical pathology or imaging follow-up results as the reference standard. The studies comprised 844 patients. The cumulative sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 94%, 100%, 100%, 89%, and 96%, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the prospective studies revealed the cumulative sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 91%, 100%, 100%, 85%, and 93%, respectively.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, we provide evidence that EUS-FNA is a qualitative diagnostic technique with high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and accuracy. However, its NPV is slightly low, which does not exclude the risk of a missed diagnosis, and more randomized controlled trials or prospective studies are still needed in the future. EUS-FNA is effective and feasible for pelvic space-occupying lesions. This technique has high clinical application value for pelvic lesions.
Effects of a Discourse Intervention on End-of-Life Knowledge and Attitudes of Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students
Authors: Haynes Jayme G. , Dingley Catherine 
Published: January 2024

Several challenges exist to providing effective, formalized end-of-life education for undergraduate nursing students. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of a discourse intervention to the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Undergraduate Nursing Modules effectively improved junior-level prelicensure bachelor of science in nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward end-of-life care. This quasi-experimental 2-group comparison, pretest/posttest design consisted of a sample of 135 enrolled in a medical-surgical nursing class. Applying Mezirow's transformational learning theory, a 2-hour discourse intervention that included a self-reflective journal, an unfolding case study focused on loss, and a discussion with question-and-answer session was implemented at the completion of the Undergraduate Nursing Modules for the intervention group. Knowledge and attitude toward end-of-life care were measured before and after the intervention with the Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses and the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying.
The findings indicated increased knowledge and positive attitude changes. This study supports the value of theory-based educational interventions, like a discourse intervention, to enhance effective pedagogy when addressing emotionally laden content such as end-of-life care. This study may have also given a glimpse of how a global pandemic may affect end-of-life knowledge and attitudes.
Complications of major lower limb amputations before prosthetic provision at a tertiary care rehabilitation facility
Authors: Atallah Huthaifa , Qureshi Ahmad Zaheer , Nawaz Shah , Wani Tariq 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Although postoperative complications of lower limb amputations and complications related to prosthetics are well known, complications before prosthetic fitting are less often emphasized in literature. There are no Saudi studies documenting the complications before prosthetic fitting where there is high rise in dysvascular amputation, and early prosthetic provision remains a challenge.

Objectives:
To investigate the complications following major lower limb amputations (MLLAs).

Study design:
Retrospective study.

Methods:
One hundred thirty-six electronic files for individuals with major lower limb amputations were reviewed. Individuals visiting the primary limb loss clinic for the first time, who have not been fitted with a prosthesis before, were included.

Results:
Muscle weakness was the most common complication (55.1%), followed by edema (52.9%), while infection was found to be the least frequent (5.1%). Age was significantly associated with etiology (p value < 0.001), usage of assistive device (p value = 0.002), and complications (p value = 0.013). Complications were also significantly associated with time since amputation (p value = 0.001). In addition, etiology was significantly associated with the usage of assistive device (p value = 0.012).

Conclusions:
Muscle weakness and edema were the most common complications after MLLA in a cohort of patients with median onset of 8.5 ± 6.8 months since amputation. Presence of various complications in MLLAs before prosthetic evaluation reflect gaps of care including delayed prosthetic evaluation. National strategies need to be introduced to promote early rehabilitation interventions, prevent complications, and improve quality of life of individuals with MLLAs.
Comparison of HIV prevalence, incidence, and viral load suppression in Zambia population-based HIV impact assessments from 2016 and 2021
Authors: Mulenga Lloyd B. , Hines Jonas Z. , Stafford Kristen A. , Dzekedzeke Kumbutso , Sivile Suilanji , Lindsay Brianna , Chola Mumbi , Ussery Faith , Patel Hetal K. , Abimiku Alash’le , Birhanu Sehin , Minchella Peter A. , Stevens Thomas , Hanunka Brave , Chisenga Tina , Shibemba Aaron , Fwoloshi Sombo , Siame Mwiche , Mutukwa John , Chirwa Lameck , Siwingwa Mpanji , Mulundu Gina , Agbakwuru Chinedu , Mapondera Prichard , Detorio Mervi , Agolory Simon G. , Monze Mwaka , Bronson Megan , Charurat Man E. ,   for the ZAMPHIA 2021 Study Group†
Published: January 2024

Background:
The Zambian government has implemented a public health response to control the HIV epidemic in the country. Zambia conducted a population-based HIV impact assessment (ZAMPHIA) survey in 2021 to assess the status of the HIV epidemic to guide its public health programs.

Methods:
ZAMPHIA 2021 was a cross-sectional two-stage cluster sample household survey among persons aged ≥15 years conducted in Zambia across all 10 provinces. Consenting participants were administered a standardized questionnaire and whole blood was tested for HIV according to national guidelines. HIV-1 viral load (VL), recent HIV infection, and antiretroviral medications were tested for in HIV-seropositive samples. Viral load suppression (VLS) was defined as <1000 copies/ml. ZAMPHIA 2021 results were compared to ZAMPHIA 2016 for persons aged 15–59 years (i.e., the overlapping age ranges). All estimates were weighted to account for nonresponse and survey design.

Results:
During ZAMPHIA 2021, of 25 483 eligible persons aged ≥15 years, 18 804 (73.8%) were interviewed and tested for HIV. HIV prevalence was 11.0% and VLS prevalence was 86.2% overall, but was <80% among people living with HIV aged 15–24 years and in certain provinces. Among persons aged 15–59 years, from 2016 to 2021, HIV incidence declined from 0.6% to 0.3% (P-value: 0.07) and VLS prevalence increased from 59.2% to 85.7% (P-value: <0.01).

Discussion:
Zambia has made substantial progress toward controlling the HIV epidemic from 2016 to 2021. Continued implementation of a test-and-treat strategy, with attention to groups with lower VLS in the ZAMPHIA 2021, could support reductions in HIV incidence and improve overall VLS in Zambia.
Establishing Shock Index, Pediatric Age-Adjusted (SIPA) Cut Points in Trauma Patients Under 1 Year of Age
Authors: Marlor Derek , Flint Jennifer , Noel-MacDonnell Janelle R. , Cruz-Centeno Nelimar , Stewart Shai , Elman Meredith , Juang David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeShock Index (SI) is used to predict injury severity and adverse outcomes in trauma patients, but age-adjusted shock index (SIPA) has superior performance in pediatric patients over the age of 1 year. SIPA scores under the age of 1 have not been well studied. This project aimed to establish and evaluate SIPAcut pointdata points for patients under 1 year of age.MethodsUsing age-based vital signs, we developedcut pointvalues for patients under 1 year old using our institutional trauma data. All trauma patients under the age of 12 months were included, and clinical outcomes were recorded. SIPAcut pointswere defined using age specific vital sign limits (SIPA-VS) and tested against optimalcut pointsdefined by ROC analysis (SIPA-ROC) and acut pointof 1.2 (SIPA-Nordin), which is used for patients ages 1-4 years. Student's t-test, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and test characteristics were used to analyze groups.ResultsA total of 609 pediatric trauma patients under the age of 12 months were identified from 2018 to 2022. SIPA scores were calculated for 483 patients. There were 406 patients with blunt trauma and 17 with penetrating. SIPA-Nordin was elevated in 81.6% (n = 397) of patients, compared to SIPA-VS 21% (n = 101) and SIPA-ROC 31% (n = 150). In comparison to SIPA-Nordin, both SIPA-VS and SIPA-ROC score exhibited superior specificity and negative predictive values (NPV) for multiple outcomes. Elevated SIPA-ROC scores had statistically significant associations with ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, severe anemia, transfusion during hospital admission, and in-hospital mortality.ConclusionSIPA is a useful tool in identifying patients at risk for several complications of severe traumatic injury. SIPAcut pointshad high NPV and specificity for many outcomes. This study proposescut pointvalues that may aid in clinical decision-making for trauma patients under 1 year of age.Level of Evidence: Level IV Retrospective Review
Personal Mastery Attenuates the Association between Greater Perceived Discrimination and Lower Amygdala and Anterior Hippocampal Volume in a Diverse Sample of Older Adults
Authors: Rosario Michael A. , Alotaibi Razan , Espinal-Martinez Alan O. , Ayoub Amara , Baumann Aletha , Clark Uraina , Cozier Yvette , Schon Karin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is limited research investigating whether perceived discrimination influences brain structures that subserve episodic memory, namely the hippocampus and amygdala. Our rationale for examining these regions build on their known sensitivity to stress and functional differences along the long-axis of the hippocampus, with the anterior hippocampus and amygdala implicated in emotional and stress regulation. We defined perceived discrimination as the unfair treatment of one group by a dominant social group without the agency to respond to the event. A potential moderator of perceived discrimination is personal mastery, which we operationally defined as personal agency. Our primary goals were to determine whether perceived discrimination correlated with amygdala and anterior hippocampal volume, and if personal mastery moderated these relationships. Using FreeSurfer 7.1.0, we processed T1-weighted images to extract bilateral amygdala and hippocampal volumes. Discrimination and personal mastery were assessed via self-report (using the Experiences of Discrimination and Sense of Control questionnaires, respectively). Using multiple regression, greater perceived discrimination correlated with lower bilateral amygdala and anterior hippocampal volume, controlling for current stress, sex, education, age, and intracranial volume. Exploratory subfield analyses showed these associations were localized to the anterior hippocampal CA1 and subiculum. As predicted, using a moderation analysis, personal mastery attenuated the relationship between perceived discrimination and amygdala and anterior hippocampal volume. Here, we extend our knowledge on perceived discrimination as a salient psychosocial stressor with a neurobiological impact on brain systems implicated in stress, memory, and emotional regulation, and provide evidence for personal mastery as a moderating factor of these relationships.
Chromosomal-level genome assembly of golden birdwingTroides aeacus(Felder & Felder, 1860)
Authors:   Hong Kong Biodiversity Genomics Consortium, Hui Jerome H.L. , Chan Ting Fung , Chan Leo L. , Cheung Siu Gin , Cheang Chi Chiu , Fang James K.H. , Gaitan-Espitia Juan D. , Lau Stanley C.K. , Sung Yik Hei , Wong Chris K.C. , Yip Kevin Y.L. , Wei Yingying , So Wai Lok , Nong Wenyan , Pun Hydrogen S.F. , Yau Wing Kwong , Chiu Colleen Y.L. , Chan Sammi S.S. , Man Kacy K.L. , Yip Ho Yin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTroides aeacus, the golden birdwing (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) is a large swallowtail butterfly widely distributed in Asia. Despite its occurrence,T. aeacushas been assigned as a major protective species in many places given the loss of their native habitats under urbanisation and anthropogenic activities. Nevertheless, the lack of its genomic resources hinders our understanding of their biology, diversity, as well as carrying out conservation measures based on genetic information or markers. Here, we report the first chromosomal-level genome assembly ofT. aeacususing a combination of PacBio SMRT and Omni-C scaffolding technologies. The assembled genome (351 Mb) contains 98.94% of the sequences anchored to 30 pseudo-molecules. The genome assembly also has high sequence continuity with scaffold length N50 = 12.2 Mb. A total of 28,749 protein-coding genes were predicted, and high BUSCO score completeness (98.9% of BUSCO metazoa_odb10 genes) was also revealed. This high-quality genome offers a new and significant resource for understanding the swallowtail butterfly biology, as well as carrying out conservation measures of this ecologically important lepidopteran species.
Rapid and label-free exosome analysis by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver nanoparticle substrate based on selective laser ablation and melting of silver nanowire
Authors: Nam Hyeono , Park Jong-Eun , Hwang June Sik , Kim Seunggyu , Kim Seong Jae , Kim Sanha , Yang Minyang , Jeon Jessie S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarly diagnostics of breast cancer is crucial to reduce the risk of cancer metastasis and late relapse. Exosome, which contains distinct information of its origin, can be the target object as a liquid biopsy. However, its low sensitivity and inadequate diagnostic tools interfere with the point-of-care testing (POCT) of the exosome. Recently, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which enables the detection of Raman scattering, has been proved as a promising tool for exosome detection but the fabrication process of SERS probe or substrate is still inefficient and far from large-scale production. This study proposes rapid and label-free detection of breast cancer-derived exosomes by statistical analysis of Raman spectra using silver nanoparticle SERS substrate fabricated by selective laser ablation and melting. Employing silver nanowire and optimizing pulse repetition rate power enable rapid and energy-efficient fabrication of SERS substrate. The functionality including sensitivity, reproducibility, stability, and renewability was evaluated using rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule. Then, the feasibility of POCT was examined by the statistical analysis of Raman spectra of exosomes from malignant breast cancer cells and non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. The presented framework is anticipated to be utilized in other biomedical applications, facilitating cost-effective and large-scale production performance.
False discovery rate control: Moving beyond the Benjamini–Hochberg method
Authors: Laha Nilanjana , Koner Salil , De Sarkar Navonil 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTModern bioinformatics studies often involve numerous simultaneous statistical tests, increasing the risk of false discoveries. To control the false discovery rate (FDR), these studies typically employ a statistical method called the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) method. Often, the BH approach tends to be overly conservative and overlooks valuable biological insights associated with data structures, particularly those of groups. Group structures can manifest when closely located genomic coordinates are functionally active and closely related because of co-regulation. Recent statistical advancements have led to the development of updated BH methods tailored for datasets featuring pre-existing group structures. These methods can improve the statistical power and potentially enhance scientific discoveries. In this study, we elucidated the advantages of contemporary group-aware BH methods using a previously published microRNA (miRNA) dataset. For this dataset, group-aware BH methods identified a larger set of miRNAs with significantly deregulated expression (p-value <0.05) than the traditional BH method. These new findings are supported by existing literature on miRNAs and a related 2017 study. Our results underscore the potential of specialized BH methods for controlling the FDR in high throughput omics studies with pre-defined group structures.
Individual Differences in Belief Updating and Phasic Arousal Are Related to Psychosis Proneness
Authors: Murphy Peter R , Krkovic Katarina , Monov Gina , Kudlek Natalia , Lincoln Tania , Donner Tobias H 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany decisions entail the updating of beliefs about the state of the environment, a process that may go awry in psychosis. When environments are subject to hidden changes in their state, optimal belief updating requires non-linear modulation of sensory evidence, which may be subserved by pupil-linked, phasic arousal. Here, we analyzed behavior and pupil responses during evidence accumulation in a changing environment in a community sample of human participants and assessed their subclinical psychotic experiences (psychosis proneness). Subjects most prone to psychosis showed overall less flexible belief updating profiles, with diminished weighting of late evidence. These same subjects also exhibited overall smaller pupil responses and less reliable pupil encoding of computational variables governing the adaptive belief updating. The observed changes in belief updating and arousal dynamics may account for the emergence of cognitive biases in psychotic psychopathology. Our results open a new window on the pathophysiology of mental disorders.
Lipid nanoparticle composition for adjuvant formulation modulates disease after influenza virus infection in QIV vaccinated mice
Authors: Jangra Sonia , Lamoot Alexander , Singh Gagandeep , Laghlali Gabriel , Chen Yong , Yz Tingting , García-Sastre Adolfo , De Geest Bruno G. , Schotsaert Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdjuvants can enhance vaccine effectiveness of currently licensed influenza vaccines. We tested influenza vaccination in a mouse model with two adjuvants: Sendai virus derived defective interfering (SDI) RNA, a RIG-I agonist, and an amphiphilic imidazoquinoline (IMDQ-PEG-Chol), TLR7/8 adjuvant. The negatively charged SDI RNA was formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) facilitating the direct delivery of a RIG-I agonist to the cytosol. We have previously tested SDI and IMDQ-PEG-Chol as standalone and combination adjuvants for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here we tested two different ionizable lipids, K-Ac7-Dsa and S-Ac7-Dog, for LNP formulations. The adjuvanticity of IMDQ-PEG-Chol with and without empty or SDI-loaded LNPs was validated in a licensed vaccine setting (quadrivalent influenza vaccine or QIV) against H1N1 influenza virus, showing robust induction of antibody titres and T cell responses. Depending on the adjuvant combination and LNP lipid composition (K-Ac7-Dsa or S-Ac7-Dog lipids), humoral and cellular vaccine responses could be tailored towards type 1 or type 2 host responses with specific cytokine profiles that correlated with protection during viral infection. The extent of protection conferred by different vaccine/LNP/adjuvant combinations was examined against challenge with the vaccine-matching strain of H1N1 influenza A virus. Groups that received either LNP formulated with SDI, IMDQ-PEG-Chol or both showed very low levels of viral replication in their lungs at five days post virus infection. LNP ionizable lipid composition as well as loading (empty versus SDI) also skewed host responses to infection, as reflected in the cytokine and chemokine levels in lungs of vaccinated animals upon infection. These studies show the potential of LNPs as adjuvant delivery vehicles for licensed vaccines and illustrate the importance of LNP composition for subsequent host responses to infection, an important point of consideration for vaccine safety.