bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2023 Mw 7.8–7.7 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes were loosely slip-predictable
Authors: Vavra Ellis , Fialko Yuri , Bulut Fatih , Garagon Aslı , Yalvaç Sefa , Yaltırak Cenk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the behavior of large earthquakes over multiple seismic cycles is limited by short time spans of observations compared to recurrence intervals. Most of large instrumentally-recorded earthquakes have occurred on faults lacking well-documented histories of past events. The 2023 Mw 7.8–7.7 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet is exceptional as it ruptured multiple segments of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) system, where historical records of devastating earthquakes span over two millennia. Here, we use historical earthquake records, measurements of interseismic deformation, and published slip models of the 2023 events to evaluate the recurrence patterns of large earthquakes. We compare slip deficit that accrued on each fault segment since the respective penultimate events to the average coseismic slip of the 2023 doublet. We find that the coseismic slip equaled to or exceeded the accumulated slip deficit, suggesting that the slip-predictable recurrence model applies as a lower bound on strain release during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes.
Real-world smartphone-based point-of-care diagnostics in primary health care to monitor HbA1c levels in people with diabetes
Authors: Rhode Sabrina , Rogge Lisa , Marthoenis Marthoenis , Seuring Till , Zufry Hendra , Bärnighausen Till , Sofyan Hizir , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Vollmer Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The lack of accurate and affordable monitoring of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a common issue among patients with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to test a tablet- and smartphone-based point-of-care (TSB POC) device against a local laboratory-based measure of HbA1c for monitoring diabetes under real-world conditions.

Methods
For this cross-sectional clinical method applicability study, capillary and venous blood was collected in duplicate and analyzed at local primary health care centers. For a heterogeneity test, the tests were performed by an expert, and by a team of local nurses. The study was conducted in a multicenter design in rural and urban Aceh, Indonesia in 2019, and included a total of 533 adults. We mainly used Bland-Altman plots to assess the number of readings within the 95%-limits of agreement (LoA) and Deming regressions.

Results
The results show a mean difference between capillary HbA1c on the test device and the reference method of −0.54 [CI0.95 = −1.6933; 0.6048] with 5.21% of measurements outside the LoA and a Pearson’s r = 0.91 in the Deming Regression. There is no significant difference in test concordance between local nurses and the expert (4.23% versus 5.13% results outside the LoA [CI0.95 = −0.0331; 0.0511]).

Conclusions
TSB POC for analysis of HbA1c is an acceptable alternative for accessible monitoring of diabetes patients under these conditions. This method could provide access to high-quality diagnostic decisions through regular and cost-effective HbA1c monitoring directly in healthcare facilities, thus providing better access to essential health services.
A novel distinguishing attack on Rocca
Authors: Liu Nan , Jin Chenhui , Yu Junwei , Guan Jie , Cui Ting 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe security of an encryption algorithm often hinges on the indistinguishability between ciphertext and random numbers. In block ciphers, pseudorandomness and super‐pseudorandomness are commonly used to depict the indistinguishability between ciphertext and random numbers. Whereas, stream cipher algorithms can be viewed as functions of variables such as the key K, initialization vector IV, and plaintext M. For an ideal stream cipher algorithm, the ciphertext sequences for any two different plaintexts should exhibit good independence across various K‐IV pairs. Consequently, the probability of the two ciphertext sequences being equal or having sufficiently long matching segments should be negligible. This study examines a new type of attack that stems from key commitment attacks. By exploiting the independence between the ciphertext sequences, a novel distinguishing attack against the stream cipher is constructed and applied to the encryption of Rocca. Focusing on the authenticated encryption algorithm Rocca, a guess‐and‐determine method is employed to demonstrate that for any plaintext and two different sets of , another plaintext can be found with a time complexity , resulting in identical ciphertext sequences except for the initial bits. Furthermore, it is proved that under chosen plaintext conditions, the time complexity of this distinguishing attack is . These findings imply that Rocca does not offer 256‐bit security against such distinguishing attacks, providing valuable insights into the design of round update functions for stream ciphers like Rocca.
Efficient learning of uncertainty distributions in coupled multidisciplinary systems through sensory data
Authors: Asadi Negar , Ghoreishi Seyede Fatemeh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCoupled multidisciplinary systems are fundamental to many complex engineering systems, such as those in cyber–physical systems, aerospace engineering, automotive systems, energy networks, and robotics. Accurate analysis, control, and monitoring of these systems depend on effectively inferring their inherent uncertainties. However, the dynamic nature of these systems, along with the interconnectivity of various disciplines, poses significant challenges for uncertainty estimation. This paper presents a framework for learning uncertainty distributions in partially observed coupled multidisciplinary systems. By employing a non‐linear/non‐Gaussian hidden Markov model (HMM) representation, the authors capture the stochastic nature of system states and observations. The proposed methodology leverages particle filtering techniques and Bayesian optimisation for efficient parameter estimation, accounting for the inherent uncertainties in input statistics. Numerical experiments on a coupled aerodynamics‐structures system and a power converter system demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in estimating input distribution statistics. The results highlight the critical importance of accounting for non‐stationary behaviours in coupled multidisciplinary systems for capturing the true variability of input statistics and showcase the superiority of our method over approaches that assume data derive from the stationary state of the system.
Trace‐level fuel contaminant detection using an ultrasensitive HC‐photonic crystal fibre sensor
Authors: Hasan Md. Galib , Joy Ariyan Haque , Ferdous A. H. M. Iftekharul , Khandakar Kayab , Noor Khalid Sifulla , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFuel adulteration involving the illicit mixing of substances such as kerosene and diesel with petrol poses significant risks to engine performance, environmental safety and consumer health. This paper presents a novel HC‐PCF sensor designed to accurately detect and identify adulterants in petroleum‐based fuels with unprecedented sensitivity and selectivity. The proposed HC‐PCF sensor features a unique circular core structure surrounded by a carefully engineered square cladding region, enabling highly sensitive detection of refractive index changes caused by the presence of adulterants. Through rigorous numerical simulations and optimisation, our design achieves remarkable maximum relative sensitivities of 98.56%, 98.95%, and 99.32% for petrol, kerosene, and diesel, respectively, outperforming many previously reported techniques. A comprehensive analysis of the sensor's performance reveals an ultra‐low confinement loss of 4.08 × 10−10 dB/m, 1.08 × 10−13 dB/m, and 2.95 × 10−12 dB/m and effective material loss of 0.0040 cm−1, 0.0036 cm−1, and 0.0034 cm−1, highlighting its exceptional light‐guiding capabilities and sensitivity. The sensor's high responsiveness facilitates the detection of even trace levels of adulterants by capturing minute refractive index variations as low as possible, enabling real‐time monitoring and timely intervention in adulteration incidents. The proposed HC‐PCF sensor exhibits high selectivity, precisely targeting the refractive index signatures of fuels, ensuring accurate detection even in complex chemical environments. Its compact size and robust design make it suitable for deployment in various fuel quality control applications, from transportation to industrial settings. Overall, this work introduces cutting‐edge HC‐PCF sensor technology that addresses the critical need for reliable fuel adulteration detection with unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity, contributing to enhanced product quality, consumer protection, and environmental sustainability in the energy sector.
Update zur echokardiografischen Beurteilung der Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz in der Praxis
Authors: Ivannikova Maria , Echchihab Yasmine , Friedrichs Kai Peter , Rudolph Volker , Gerçek Muhammed 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TI) ist eine häufige Herzklappenerkrankung mit erheblichen Auswirkungen auf die Patientenmorbidität und -letalität. In den letzten Jahren wurde die Klassifikation der TI durch die Einführung neuer Formen und 5 Schweregrade verfeinert. Dabei spielt die dreidimensionale Echokardiografie eine zunehmende Rolle in der TI-Beurteilung und -Graduierung sowie in der Bewertung der rechtsventrikulären Funktion. Bei relevanter TI sollte eine Überweisung in ein spezialisiertes Zentrum erfolgen.
Komorbiditäten bei Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz – eine lebenslange Herausforderung für die Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Ziegler Leonie , Besler Christian , Wild Mirjam 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Mehrzahl der in Praxis und Klinik behandelten Patient*innen mit einer funktionellen Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TI) weist eine Vielzahl kardialer und extrakardialer Komorbiditäten auf. Einerseits lässt sich dies auf die Vielzahl an Ursachen zurückführen, die zur Entstehung einer funktionellen TI beitragen können. Diese umfassen neben linksseitigen myokardialen und valvulären Pathologien auch pulmonale und intrinsische rechtsventrikuläre Erkrankungen sowie das Vorhofflimmern. Andererseits kennzeichnet die funktionelle TI der für viele Herzklappenerkrankungen typische Prävalenzanstieg im höheren Lebensalter, wobei die Diagnosestellung dann aber infolge fehlender oder unspezifischer Symptome häufig verspätet ist. Als Konsequenz ergeben sich teils ausgeprägte extrakardiale Organmanifestationen infolge der chronischen venösen Kongestion mit Beeinträchtigung von Niere, Leber und Gastrointestinaltrakt. Die Beachtung von Komorbiditäten ist relevant, um Ursachen einer
funktionellen TI zu erfassen. Ferner besitzen viele Komorbiditäten prognostische Bedeutung, was zunehmend Einfluss auf Therapieentscheidungen in dem heterogenen Kollektiv von TI-Patient*innen haben dürfte.
Trachealtumoren
Authors: Eichhorn Florian , Hoffmann Hans , Rieken Stefan , Herth Felix J. F. , Winter Hauke 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungPrimäre Trachealmalignome sind selten, die beiden häufigsten histologischen Subtypen sind das Plattenepithelkarzinom und das adenoidzystische Karzinom. Beide Tumorentitäten unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich des lokalen Wachstumsmusters und der Prognose. Den diagnostischen Standard bilden Bronchoskopie und radiologische Schnittbildgebung. Bei fehlender Fernmetastasierung und technischer Resektabilität ist die Operation die Therapie der Wahl. Auch im Falle einer inkompletten Resektion kann, insbesondere beim adenoidzystischen Karzinom, durch eine postoperative Radiotherapie ein zufriedenstellendes Langzeitergebnis erzielt werden. Im Kontext der palliativen Symptomlinderung hat neben der Strahlentherapie die interventionelle Bronchoskopie (Tumorabtragung, Stentimplantation) einen relevanten Stellenwert.
Ösophaguskarzinome: Neues in Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Decker Annegrit , Quante Michael 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Präventionsstrategien bei Ösophaguskarzinomen Den Schlüsselfaktor gastrointestinaler Tumorprävention bildet die Behebung inflammatorischer Einflüsse, welche sich für die 2 ösophagealen Tumorentitäten Plattenepithel- und Adenokarzinom unterscheiden. Der steigenden Inzidenz der Adenokarzinome sollte durch Therapie von Übergewicht und gastroösophagealer Refluxkrankheit begegnet werden. Ein endoskopisches Screening ist in Deutschland nicht etabliert, hingegen erfolgt bei Barrett-Metaplasie eine engmaschige Surveillance. Für den gezielten Einsatz der Endoskopie ist zukünftig eine bessere Stratifizierung von Risikopatienten vonnöten; entsprechende Prädiktionsmodelle sind Gegenstand aktueller Forschung.
Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome des Ösophagus Neben endoskopischen Resektionsoptionen sehr früher Befunde besteht die Hauptneuerung der letzten Jahre im prognoseverbessernden Einsatz von Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren in der adjuvanten und palliativen Systemtherapie. Der PD-L1-Status dient hierbei als stratifizierender Biomarker.
Therapie der Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus und des ösophagogastralen Übergangs Aufgrund ihrer engen molekularbiologischen Verwandtschaft erfolgt die Systemtherapie der AEG-Tumore analog der Magenkarzinome. In der perioperativen Therapie lokal fortgeschrittener Befunde hat jüngst die Chemotherapie nach dem FLOT-Protokoll ihren Stellenwert weiter unterstreichen können. In metastasierten Stadien wird die Chemotherapie biomarkerstratifiziert durch Checkpoint-Inhibitoren sowie Antikörper gegen Her2 und fortan auch Claudin-18.2 ergänzt. Mit dem Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan wurde eine Her2-gerichtete Zweitlinienoption etabliert.
Hodentumor – welche Vorteile bringt der neue Tumormarker microRNA-371a-3p (M371-Test)
Authors: Dieckmann Klaus-Peter , Belge Gazanfer 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDer Keimzelltumor des Hodens ist ein Musterbeispiel für die Verwendung von Serum-Tumormarkern. Das Dilemma ist, dass die aktuellen Marker beta Human Chorion Gonadotropin (bHCG) und Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) sowie Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH) nur etwa bei 50% aller Keimzelltumoren erhöht sind. Im Jahre 2011 wurde erstmals die microRNA-371a-3p (M371) als neuer Tumormarker vorgeschlagen. MicroRNAs sind kleine RNA-Fragmente von 18–24 Basenpaaren, die eine epigenetische Bedeutung bei der Steuerung der Proteinbiosynthese haben. Die M371 kann im Serum mit PCR-Technik gemessen werden.Mit einem hohen Maß an formaler Evidenz konnte gezeigt werden, dass M371 eine Sensitivität von etwa 90% und eine Spezifität von über 90% für Keimzelltumoren des Hodens aufweist. Die M371 ist dabei für Seminome und Nichtseminome gleichermaßen sensitiv und spezifisch. Allerdings exprimieren Teratome den Marker nicht, wie auch nichtgerminale Hodentumoren und Karzinome anderer Organe. Der Marker weist eine sehr kurze Halbwertszeit von <24 Stunden auf.In naher Zukunft darf erwartet werden, dass der Test substanzielle Hilfe geben wird bei vielen klinischen Entscheidungssituationen, die bisher nur unbefriedigend zu lösen waren. Dies dürfte vor allem für die folgenden sechs Szenarien zutreffen: (1) Abklärung eines zufällig entdeckten kleinen Hodentumors mit Weichenstellung in Richtung organerhaltender Exzision versus Ablatio testis; (2) Vereinfachung der Nachsorge von Hodentumoren durch Reduktion der Bildgebung; (3) Einschätzung unklarer Lymphknotenvergrößerungen im Rahmen des klinischen Stagings; (4) Abklärung von unklaren (falsch positiven) Erhöhungen der klassischen Tumormarker; (5) rasche Beurteilung des Ansprechens auf Therapie aufgrund der kurzen Halbwertszeit; (6) Hilfe bei der Entscheidungsfindung für die Behandlung von Residualtumoren nach Chemotherapie, insbesondere bei Resttumoren des Seminoms.Die Entdeckung und Entwicklung des Tumormarkers M371 stellt einen Meilenstein dar bei der Ausformung pragmatischer Therapiekonzepte für Keimzelltumoren.
Combined Endoscopic and Open Cranial Approach for Treatment of Skull Base Lesions: A Case Series and Lessons Learned
Authors: Olson Elsa , Kolb Bradley , Chiu Lucinda , Whitehead Russell , Simpson Tamara , Revenaugh Peter C. , Smith Ryan , Filip Peter , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Batra Pete S. , Munich Stephan A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction Surgical treatment of skull base pathologies is frequently discussed in the context of endoscopic endonasal or transcranial approaches. Combined endoscopic and open approaches have been utilized in a staged or sequential fashion, with the goal of reducing the risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, morbidity, wound infection/complication, and failure to achieve adequate reconstruction. However, few studies have described the concurrent use of endoscopic endonasal and transcranial approaches to safely address complex skull base pathologies.
Methods We treated 13 patients with primary skull base tumors (sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma/esthesioneuroblastoma), recurrent tumors, infection, and skull base defect/encephalocele. Out of the thirteen patients, eight had undergone prior endoscopic and/or open transcranial approaches for resection of their pathologies. Additionally, 3/13 patients underwent radiation or chemotherapy radiation prior to the combined approach.
Results The desired clinical outcome (i.e., gross total tumor resection, resolution of infection, and skull base resection/repair) was achieved in 12/13 cases. One case had subtotal resection (Simpson grade III) of an olfactory groove meningioma. Postoperatively, there was one 30-day mortality due to pulmonary infarction, one case with hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, and one flap infection due to postoperative cocaine use resulting in revisions and hospice. Importantly, no patients experienced postoperative CSF leaks, including those who underwent postoperative chemotherapy/radiation.
Conclusion This case series suggests that a concurrent combined endoscopic transcranial approach, in carefully selected patients, can treat a wide range of complex and recurrent skull base pathologies resistant to previous treatment, with a reasonable rate of postoperative wound/leak complications.
EBV and Concomitant Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy in a Healthy 15-Year-Old Female
Authors: Basch Rebecca E. , Tierney McKenna , Worden Lila , Sanders Sara , Ng Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAcute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) is a rare and severe form of acute axonal injury caused by immune damage to the axonal membrane. AMSAN is an axonal variant of GBS. GBS occurs from immune injury to the myelin sheath, axonal variants of GBS (AMSAN and AMAN) differ in that insult is to the axonal membrane. AMSAN is seldom seen, especially in pediatric and adolescent patients. Unlike acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), which has been well-described in literature to be secondary to Campylobacter jejuni infection, there is no known etiology of AMSAN. Here, we present a case of an otherwise healthy 15-year-old female who presented with new-onset facial and bulbar weakness that rapidly progressed to functional paralysis requiring intubation. With no clear diagnosis and after failure in improvement with high-dose steroids, Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange transfusion, diagnosis was finally made with electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction study (NCS). In addition, extensive laboratory work was completed and was only notable for primary acute EBV infection. This case represents a new presenting symptom of AMSAN, a unique finding of concomitant primary EBV infection, the possibility of primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection as the triggering event in AMSAN and stresses the importance of EMG and NCS when evaluating patients with weakness.
Integrated glass photonic device including dielectrophoresis selective trapping for detecting bacteria viability: An approach avoiding surface functionalization
Authors: Gardies M. , Bucci D. , Ghibaudo E. 
Published: February 2025

We present an integrated glass photonic device dedicated to the sensing of bacteria viability. The targeted application is to build a water pollution sensor exploiting bacteria as sentinels. Optical integrated biosensors mostly require harmful chemical treatments of the sensing area that strongly restrain the cleanability and the regeneration of the sensor. To overcome the limitations of surface functionalization, we propose a solution where the sorting and trapping of alive and dead bacteria is based on dielectrophoretic effects provided by planar castellated electrodes integrated on a glass platform. The sensing is performed by a surface optical waveguide located in between the electrodes, whose guided light is perturbed by the particles collected at its surface. Measurements performed with 1 μm-diameter microbeads show that the device can provide a rapid discrimination of concentrations ranging from 4.55 × 107 to 2.73 × 108 particles/μl and spaced by ∼4.55 × 107 particles/μl. First tests have been carried out with alive and dead E. coli bacteria. They proved that the device is efficient at discriminating bacteria according to their viability. The optical detection of trapped bacteria has also been demonstrated for a solution of 1.5 × 106 bacteria/μl in deionized water.
Highly efficient variable step-size binary search algorithm for ultra-compact cyclic three-mode converters
Authors: Wang Yongchen , Fan Hangming , Yuan Zhe , Pan Junlin , Liu Xiaoyang , Cheng Mengfan , Yang Qi , Liu Deming , Deng Lei 
Published: February 2025

The recent advancements in nano-optics have created a strong demand for ultra-compact, miniaturized photonic devices. However, the mainstream inverse design algorithms face challenges in achieving compact size, efficient performance, and superior process manufacturability simultaneously. The present study proposes an exceptionally efficient segmented hierarchical variable step-size binary search-based digital inverse design method, aiming to transcend these limitations. The concept of “pixel splitting” is introduced for the first time in this paradigm. By layering the optimization process in several segments, the size of each pixel also changes dynamically, achieving both high efficiency and superior performance. The chosen examples of cyclic mode converters serve as typical complex proof-of-concept structures. The simulation results demonstrate that this method not only maintains excellent manufacturability but also enhances design efficiency over three times and exhibits superior performance. The experimental demonstration of two types of cyclic mode converters (CMCs), with dimensions of 3.84 × 9.6 μm2 and 3.84 × 12 μm2, respectively, based on this model, showcases their significantly smaller footprints compared to previously reported devices. The characterizations of these two CMCs demonstrate minimal insertion losses (&lt;2.86 and &lt;3.26 dB) and minimal crosstalk (&lt;−11.89 and &lt;−9.24 dB) across bandwidths of 50 nm. The data transmission of 3 × 60 Gbps on-off-keying signals and 3 × 80 Gbps four-level pulse amplitude signals are also demonstrated successfully. The proposed variable step-size binary search offers a novel approach for efficiently designing compact digital nano-photonic devices, addressing limitations such as slow convergence, sensitivity to initial patterns, and susceptibility to local optima. In addition, ultra-compact CMCs provide an effective solution for reducing link damage in mode division multiplexing transmission systems.