bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion from cultured canine anterior pituitary cells
Authors: Kemppainen R. J. , Clark T. P. , Sartin J. L. , Zerbe C. A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Pituitary cells, collected from five healthy dogs, were cultured and treated with various doses of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), arginine vasopressin (avp), oxytocin (ot), or angiotensin II (aii) to determine which of these hypothalamic peptides affected adrenocorticotropin (acth) secretion. Of the 4 peptides, only crh significantly increased acth secretion from cultured canine anterior pituitary cells. The lowest dose of crh tested, 0.01 nM, significantly stimulated acth release. Co-addition of avp, ot, or aii with crh did not increase acth secretion beyond that caused by addition of crh alone. Similarly, neither co-addition of avp with ot, avp with aii, or ot with aii significantly stimulated acth secretion. These results support a role for crh in the physiologic regulation of acth secretion from the canine anterior pituitary, but do not support regulatory roles for avp, ot, or aii.
Collection of pancreatic exocrine secretions by formation of a duodenal pouch in cattle
Authors: St-Jean G. , Harmon D. L. , Peters J. P. , Ames N. K. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Collection of exocrine pancreatic secretions from cattle by use of a single-unit cannula was performed. The major advantage of the cannula was simple technical management. A small pouch of the duodenum into which the major pancreatic duct drains was formed. Continuity of the duodenum was reestablished by end-to-end anastomosis. A side arm of the cannula was inserted into the pouch to collect exocrine secretions, and the main portion of the cannula was placed cranial to the anastomosis to return pancreatic secretions to the small intestine between collection periods. The accessory pancreatic duct was ligated in 2 of 4 cattle to evaluate possible secretory contribution from this source.
All cattle remained healthy after cannulation, and cattle gained approximately 100 kg of body weight in the 5 months after surgery. The mean secretory rate for exocrine pancreatic secretion in cattle was 106 ± 6.8 ml/h. There was no effect of feeding on the pattern of secretion nor were there significant differences between cattle, A fistula formed between the pouch and duodenum approximately 120 days after surgery in the first 2 cattle used. Development of fistulas was prevented for 300 days in subsequently prepared cattle by use of surgical mesh around the cannulas, leading to functional cannulation sites. Preparation of a duodenal pouch appeared useful for long-term studies of pancreatic exocrine secretion in cattle.
Use of computerized interactive morphometry in the diagnosis of mammary adenoma and adenocarcinoma in dogs
Authors: Ciurea Doina , Wilkins Robert J. , Shalev Moshe , Liu Zhiyuan , Barba Joseph , Gil Joan 
Published: January 2024

Summary
We attempted to define quantitative objective criteria for diagnosis of mammary adenoma and adenocarcinoma in dogs. To that end, correlation between diagnosis made by conventional histologic examination and morphometric descriptors, obtained by computerized histologic analysis, was assessed in biopsy specimens of mammary tissue from 63 dogs. We used 2 interactive computer procedures: one assessed mean nuclear perimeter, mean nuclear area, and circularity factor; and the other evaluated nuclear stratification and cell crowding. A data base was generated with 11 specimens from normal mammary tissue, 17 specimens from mammary adenoma, 18 specimens from low-grade mammary adenocarcinoma, and 15 specimens from mammary adenocarcinoma. The mean values of nuclear perimeter, nuclear area, nuclei per millimeter of basement membrane, and minimal distances from cells to basement membrane gradually increased from normal to high-grade malignancy. Distributions of nuclear areas and of minimal distances from cells to basement membrane were shifted in specimens from malignant tumors. Multivariate analysis confirmed the homogeneity of the diagnostic groups.
Effect of intravenous and aerosol administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine on pulmonary function values in healthy calves
Authors: Desmecht Daniel J-M. , Linden Annick S. , Rollin Frederic A. , Amory Hélène , Lekeux Pierre M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Effects of iv and aerosol administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) on ventilation, pulmonary mechanics values, pulmonary arterial pressure, and heart rate were investigated in healthy unsedated Friesian calves.
Minute volume increased significantly, mainly because of an increase in respiratory rate. Except for total pulmonary resistance after bolus injection, continuous administration of 5-ht given by either route caused significant alterations of lung dynamic compliance and total pulmonary resistance, the former decreasing to one-fifth of its baseline value and the latter increasing twofold. Pulmonary arterial pressure increased significantly, whatever the speed or route of administration. Administration of a bolus did not affect heart rate, whereas continuous iv administration of 5-ht as well by perfusion or by aerosol resulted in sustained tachycardia.
It was concluded that 5-ht induces reversible bronchoconstriction and pulmonary vasoconstriction in healthy unsedated calves, 5-ht-induced functional alterations depend on the speed of administration, and excess of 5-ht production or depression in uptake by the lungs during bovine respiratory tract diseases could contribute to pulmonary dysfunction.
Clinical and metabolic findings in dogs with chronic renal failure fed two diets
Authors: Hansen Bernie , DiBartola Stephen P. , Chew Dennis J. , Brownie Cavell , Nagode Larry 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Exogenous creatinine clearance, urinary electrolyte excretions, calcium and phosphorus balance, serum cholesterol concentration, arterial blood pressure, and body weight were evaluated in dogs with chronic renal failure that were fed 2 commercial diets. Nine dogs ranging in age from 1 to 15 years were identified as having mild to moderate chronic renal failure (crf, exogenous creatinine clearance = 0.5 to 2.13 ml/kg of body weight/min). These dogs and a group of 10 clinically normal controls were fed a diet containing 31% protein for 8 weeks at which time hematologic and biochemical evaluations and clearance studies were performed. All dogs then were fed a phosphorus-restricted diet containing 16% protein and then reevaluated after 8 weeks.
The dogs in this study had hematologic and biochemical abnormalities typical of crf. Urine absolute and fractional excretion of electrolytes was higher in dogs with crf than in controls and was affected by diet. Serum cholesterol concentration was higher in dogs with crf and increased in those dogs after feeding the low protein diet. Changes in dietary sodium intake did not affect arterial blood pressure. The phosphorus-restricted diet did not affect serum amino terminal parathyroid hormone concentration in either group. Control dogs lost body weight, whereas dogs with crf gained weight when fed the low protein diet.
We concluded that dogs with mild to moderately severe crf have the same biochemical abnormalities and response to dietary restriction of protein and phosphorus as has been previously reported in dogs with experimentally induced crf. Restriction of dietary sodium may not decrease arterial blood pressure in some dogs with crf. Dogs with crf may be predisposed to hypercholesterolemia when fed restricted protein commercial diets, and reduction of dietary phosphorus intake may be inadequate to control renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in dogs with crf.
Effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone in healthy mares
Authors: Zertuche Juan Manuel L. , Brown Murray P. , Gronwall Ronald , Merritt Kelly 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Pharmacokinetic values for flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg of body weight) and phenylbutazone (4 mg/kg) dosages were determined after a single iv injection with and without concurrent intragastric administration of probenecid (50 mg/kg) in 6 healthy mares. Significant difference was not apparent in the pharmacokinetic values of flunixin meglumine with and without concurrent probenecid administration. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase was evident in the 12-hour mean concentration of phenylbutazone (11.45 ± 1.66 μg/ml without probenecid; 14.56 ± 1.20 μg/ml with probenecid) along with significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in its volume of distribution at steady state associated with concurrent probenecid administration (218.6 ± 11.52 ml/kg without probenecid; 169.4 ± 9.25 ml/kg with probenecid).
Factors affecting skim milk progesterone assay results
Authors: Nachreiner R. F. , Oschmann S. J. , Edqvist L. -E. , Richards J. I. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Five studies were performed to determine factors affecting progesterone concentration in skim milk. Results of the first study indicated that progesterone concentration was higher in skim milk of samples kept 16 hours in an ice bath (0 C) than of those left at room temperature (21 C). In the second study, this temperature effect was found to be reversible, with skim milk progesterone concentration increasing when whole milk samples were cooled prior to centrifugation. In the third study, [3H]-labeled progesterone was used to determine the relationship between fat content of foremilk (the first milk obtained from the teats), midmilk (milk obtained midway through milking), and strippings (milk obtained immediately after milking machines have been removed) samples and temperature (4 C and 21 C) on the percentage of progesterone in the skim milk fraction. The relationship between percentage of butterfat and percentage of progesterone in skim milk was linear when the log of these variables was used for calculations. In the fourth study, assayable progesterone in the skim milk fraction of foremilk, midmilk, and strippings was affected by temperature. In the fifth study, a multiple-regression procedure was used to determine the amount of variation in percentage of radioactive progesterone in the skim milk - fraction. Independent variables (whole milk butterfat and temperature of incubation [1, 3, 13, 22, 37, and 50 C]) and the natural log of each variable, were entered into a step-wise multiple-regression analysis. The log of the temperature and percentage of butterfat of whole milk at the time of centrifugation accounted for 89.2% (r2 = 0.892) of the variation in the log of the progesterone concentration in the skim milk fractions. The equation describing this relationship was: log percentage of progesterone in the skim milk fraction = 4.046 — 0.144 × (log of temperature of whole milk sample) × 0.688 × (log percentage of butterfat in whole milk sample). The loss of progesterone from skim milk fractions of warm whole milk samples is possibly a physical phenomenon dependent on the temperature of the sample and its percentage of butterfat. A nomograph was created to allow others to use these variables in making adjustments in progesterone concentrations.
Antigenic variation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, as detected by use of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Panangala Victor S. , Morsy Mohamad A. , Gresham Martha M. , Toivio-Kinnucan Maria 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) developed against Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain PG31 was used to probe the antigenic profiles of 5 recognized strains (PG31, R, S6, F, A5969) and 6 field isolates of M gallisepticum. Monoclonal antibody G9 predominantly recognized antigens at apparent molecular mass positions of 90 to 98 kDA. The MAb reacted with all strains and isolates, but the molecular mass position of the antigens varied among some mycoplasmas. Monoclonal antibody G12 reacted with all strains and isolates of M gallisepticum and had an identical banding pattern. However, MAb G10 and G11 reacted selectively only with a limited number of strains and/or isolates. Surface distribution of the MAb-recognized antigens was revealed by immunoelectron microscopy.
Partial physicochemical characterization of MAb G9-recognized antigens identified glycopeptide characteristics. Monoclonal antibody G9 reacted with surface antigens and, hence, participated in agglutination of M gallisepticum. However, the degree of agglutination varied among the various strains and isolates, indicating a quantitative or conformational limitation or an alteration in the anomeric expression of the epitopes. Antigenic variation in M gallisepticum may be mediated by immunologic selective pressures, or a proclivity for habit niche in the host.
Use of infected cultured cells to compare ultrastructural features of Neospora caninum from dogs and Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Lindsay D. S. , Speer C. A. , Toivio-Kinnucan M. A. , Dubey J. P. , Blagburn B. L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The ultrastructure of tachyzoites of 3 isolates of Neospora caninum from dogs was examined, using transmission electron microscopy of infected cultured cells. Ultrastructure of the 3 isolates was similar. Tachyzoites had a pellicle, 22 subpellicular microtubules, a conoid, anterior and posterior polar rings, 8 to 12 electron-dense rhoptries, numerous micronemes, a single vesicular nucleus, tubular mitochondria, Golgi complexes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticula, an inactive micropore, electron-dense bodies, lipid bodies, and amylopectin bodies. Most tachyzoites were located adjacent to the host cell nucleus in a parasitophorous vacuole that contained numerous intravacuolar tubules. Tachyzoites divided by endodyogeny. Neospora caninum tissue cysts were not seen. Comparison of N caninum with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites indicated that the 2 species can be differentiated on the basis of structure and numbers of rhoptries and numbers and location of micronemes and electron-dense bodies.
Effects of oral administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone on thyroid hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Moore George E. , Ferguson Duncan C. , Hoenig Margarethe 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Prednisone was given orally to 12 dogs daily for 35 days at an anti-inflammatory dosage (1.1 mg/kg of body weight in divided dose, q 12 h) to study its effect on thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism. Six of these dogs were surgically thyroidectomized (THX-Pred) and maintained in euthyroid status by daily SC injections of T4 to study peripheral metabolism while receiving prednisone; 6 dogs with intact thyroid gland (Pred) were given prednisone; and 6 additional dogs were given gelatin capsule vehicle as a control group (Ctrl).
Baseline T4 concentration after 4 weeks of treatment was not significantly different in dogs of the THX-Pred or Pred group (mean ± SEM, 2.58 ± 0.28 or 3.38 ± 0.58 μg/dl, respectively) vs dogs of the Ctrl group (2.12 ± 0.30 μg/dl). A supranormal response of T4 to thyrotropin was observed in dogs of the Pred group, but the T4 response to thyrotropinreleasing hormone was normal. Baseline T3 concentration in dogs of both steroid-treated groups was significantly (P< 0.05) lower after 2 and 4 weeks of prednisone administration vs pretreatment values, but normalized 2 weeks after prednisone was stopped. Free T3 (FT3) and T4 (FT4) fractions and absolute FT3 and FT4 concentrations were not altered by prednisone administration. Reverse T3 (rT3) concentration in vehicle-treated Ctrl dogs (26.6 ± 3.5 ng/dl) was not different from rT3 concentration in dogs of the THX-Pred (25.7 ± 4.3 ng/dl) and Pred (28.9 ± 3.8 ng/dl) groups after 4 weeks of medication. These data indicate that daily oral administration of such anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone for 1 month reduces baseline serum T3 concentration, does not alter serum T4 concentration, and enhances thyroidal sensitivity to thyrotropin.
Peripartum acute-phase protein serum amyloid-A concentration in plasma or cows and fetuses
Authors: Alsemgeest S. Peter M. , Taverne Marcel A. M. , Boosman Roel , van der Weyden Bert C. , Gruys Erik 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Concentration of the acute-phase protein serum amyloid-A (saa) was measured by means of an indirect ELISA method, in plasma of 3 pregnant cows and in plasma taken by cannula from another 4 pregnant cows and, by separate cannula, from their fetuses. Blood samples were taken daily from approximately 72 hours before until 72 hours after parturition. After parturition, saa concentration increased significantly (P < 0.05) in maternal plasma. In fetal plasma, only a nonsignificant increase was found at time of delivery. The concentration of maternal saa started to increase within the first 24 hours after delivery, reaching a peak value between 24 and 48 hours after delivery.
In the aforementioned plasma samples from the 4 pregnant cows and their fetuses, the concentration of maternally derived cortisol increased nonsignificantly after parturition. The concentration of fetally derived cortisol was significantly (P< 0.05) increased at parturition (t = 0), compared with the initial fetal cortisol concentration at 120 hours before delivery.
Peripartum concentration of maternal saa increased and maternal cortisol remained low, whereas fetal saa concentration remained low and fetal cortisol concentration increased. These findings indicate possible suppressive action of fetal cortisol on fetal saa production. However, it might be argued that the main cause of the difference in saa concentration is the difference in tissue damage between cows and fetuses at parturition.
Refractive state of aphakic and pseudophakic eyes of dogs
Authors: Davidson M. G. , Murphy C. J. , Nasisse M. P. , Hellkamp A. S. , Olivero D. K. , Brinkmann M. C. , Campbell L. H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Streak retinoscopy was performed by 5 ophthalmologists on 256 eyes (191 dogs) to determine their postoperative refractive state after cataract extraction. Aphakic and pseudophakic eyes that had been implanted with 1 of 5 intraocular lenses (iol) with dioptric powers ranging from + 14.5 to + 38 diopters (D) were studied. By use of ANOVA, breed and body type of dog and individual performing refraction were found to have no detectable effect on final refractive state. Mean refractive state of aphakic eyes was +14.4 ± 2.10 D. Mean refractive state for different iol powers was as follows: + 14.5 D iol = + 11.54 ± 1.18 D (n = 13); +30 D iol = + 5.15 ± 1.18 D (n = 105); + 34.0 D iol = +3.5 D (n = 1); +36 D iol = +2.34 ± 0.73 D 9 (n = 61); and +38 D iol = + 1.41 ± 0.56 D (n = 28). Residual hyperopia ranged from +0.5 D to +2.5 D with +38 D iol, and no eyes were myopic (overcorrected) by use of any of the iol studied. Linear regression analysis of refractive state on iol power for all dogs predicted that dioptric strength of +41.53 D was necessary to best approximate emmetropia for the population as a whole. Body type of the dog had only slight effect (< 1.0 D) on predicted optimal iol power. Further linear regression analysis of the 7 breeds studied predicted variations from +39.62 to +43.14 D in iol powers necessary to approximate emmetropia. Results of the study support the routine use of canine iol with dioptric strength of approximately + 41.5 D in circumstances in which preoperative biometry and keratometry are not practical. The findings further suggest that, for the specific population of dogs studied, most of the dogs could be corrected to near emmetropia by use of a small range of iol dioptric strengths, irrespective of body type or breed.
Qualitative and morphometric radiographic findings in the distal phalanx and digital soft tissues of sound Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Linford Robert L. , O'Brien Timothy R. , Trout Donald R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Lameness examinations and radiography of the distal phalanx and associated soft-tissue structures of the front feet of 103 Thoroughbred racehorses, 4 to 9 years old, were performed to determine normal radiographic appearance and morphometry. Of 103 horses examined, 41 were used in the study that were without clinical signs of foot problems or lameness, had raced at least twice prior to radiography, and had raced at least twice more in the 6 months after radiography.
Lateromedial and dorsoproximal-palmarodistal radiographic views of each front distal phalanx were used to measure 28 bone and soft-tissue structures, and to evaluate 14 radiographic findings. Significant differences were not observed between left and right digits for any radiographic determination.
Mean thickness of the soft tissues dorsal to the distal phalanx, which provides an evaluation of the epidermal laminae, was 14.6 ± 1.0 mm when measured adjacent to the distal aspect of the distal phalanx. Most horses had straight, smooth hoof walls that were parallel to the dorsal cortex of the distal phalanx. The mean degree of palmar rotation of the distal phalanx was −0.5 ± 1.3, and none was rotated more than 4°.
The dorsal cortex was smooth and straight, without bone deposition or reaction in either digit for only 5 of the 41 horses. Active bone formation was seen unilaterally along the middle portion of the dorsal cortex in 7 horses, and along the distal portion of the dorsal cortex in 4 of the phalanges from 3 horses. New bone formation along the distal dorsal cortex was often accompanied by resorption of the palmar cortex. For 26 of the 31 horses without active bone deposition, smooth inactive bone formation along the midportion of the dorsal cortex was identified in 1 or both distal phalanges.
Bone at the solar margin of the distal phalanx was uniformly dense and finely trabeculated, without evidence of resorption or fractures. Severe irregularity of the solar margin was not found in any digit, and the margin of both phalanges was smooth in 8 horses. Various degrees of solar margin irregularity were observed in the other 33 horses.
The mean number of vascular canals within the distal phalanx was 8.4 ± 1.7, and the diameter of the largest canal was 3.4 ± 0.6 mm. A mean number of 2.0 ± 1.2 vascular canals was oriented parallel to the radiographic beam on the dorsoproximal-palmarodistal view, and these were termed end-on vessels, because they were visualized as radiolucent dots ≥ 1 mm in diameter in the central portion of the distal phalanx.
Racing performance of horses with subtle radiographic signs of laminitis (palmar rotation, hoof wall curvature or undulations, palmar cortical resorption, distal dorsal cortical bone deposition) was poorer than that of horses without these signs. These findings are suggestive of a subclinical laminitis condition, which may influence performance without causing overt clinical signs.