bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicenter clinical trial on the use of alpha1‐antichymotrypsin‐prostate‐specific antigen in prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Lein Michael , Jung Klaus , Hammerer Peter , Graefen Markus , Semjonow Axel , Stieber Petra , Ossendorf Manfred , Luboldt Hans‐Joachim , Brux Brigitte , Stephan Carsten , Schnorr Dietmar , Loening Stefan A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim was to evaluate the clinical performance of alpha1‐antichymotrypsin prostate‐specific antigen (PSA‐ACT) for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in a multicenter trial.METHODSThree hundred sixty‐seven white men with PCa and 290 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with tPSA concentrations between 2 and 20 μg/L were analyzed. The Elecsys system 2010 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was used for determination of total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA). The PSA‐ACT test was a prototype assay used on the ES system (Roche Diagnostics).RESULTSThe median concentrations of tPSA (PCa: 8.43 μg/L vs. BPH: 6.60 μg/L) and PSA‐ACT (8.30 μg/L vs. 6.46 μg/L) were significantly different, respectively. The median ratios of fPSA/tPSA (PCa: 12% vs. BPH: 16%) and PSA‐ACT/tPSA (98% vs. 95%) were significantly different. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for discrimination between PCa and BPH (tPSA between 2 and 20 μg/L) was performed with 252 matched pairs and showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the ratio fPSA/tPSA (0.66) was significantly different from tPSA (0.50) and PSA‐ACT (0.52). PSA‐ACT alone or the ratio PSA‐ACT/tPSA (0.56) were not significantly different from tPSA. For tPSA between 4 and 10 μg/L (n = 145 pairs), the AUC of the ratio fPSA/tPSA (0.65) was significantly higher than tPSA (0.50) and PSA‐ACT (0.54). Significant differences between tPSA and PSA‐ACT or PSA‐ACT/tPSA (0.56) were not found.CONCLUSIONSThe determination of PSA‐ACT as well as the PSA‐ACT/tPSA ratio did not improve the diagnostic impact in patients undergoing evaluation for PCa compared to fPSA/tPSA ratio. Prostate 47:77–84, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assembly of a tetrameric α‐helical bundle: Computer simulations on an intermediate‐resolution protein model
Authors: Smith Anne Voegler , Hall Carol K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiscontinuous molecular dynamics (DMD) simulation on an intermediate‐resolution protein model is used to study the folding of an isolated, small model peptide to an amphipathic α‐helix and the assembly of four of these model peptides into a four‐helix bundle. A total of 129 simulations were performed on the isolated peptide, and 50 simulations were performed on the four‐peptide system. Simulations efficiently sample conformational space allowing complete folding trajectories from random initial configurations to be observed within 15 min for the one‐peptide system and within 15 h for the four‐peptide system on a 500‐MHz workstation. The native structures of both the α‐helix and the four‐helix bundle are consistent with experimental characterization studies and with results from previous simulations on these model peptides. In both the one‐ and four‐peptide systems, the native state is achieved during simulations within an optimal temperature range, a phenomenon also observed experimentally. The ease with which our simulations yield reasonable estimates of folded structures demonstrates the power of the intermediate‐resolution model developed for this work and the DMD algorithm and suggests that simulations of very long times and of multiprotein systems may be possible with this model. Proteins 2001;44:376–391. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk posed to honeybees (Apis mellifera L, Hymenoptera) by an imidacloprid seed dressing of sunflowers
Authors: Schmuck Richard , Schöning Ralf , Stork Andreas , Schramel Oliver 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a greenhouse metabolism study, sunflowers were seed‐treated with radiolabelled imidacloprid in a 700 g kg−1 WS formulation (Gaucho® WS 70) at 0.7 mg AI per seed, and the nature of the resulting residues in nectar and pollen was determined. Only the parent compound and no metabolites were detected in nectar and pollen of these seed‐treated sunflower plants (limit of detection <0.001 mg kg−1). In standard LD50 laboratory tests, imidacloprid showed high oral toxicity to honeybees (Apis mellifera), with LD50 values between 3.7 and 40.9 ng per bee, corresponding to a lethal food concentration between 0.14 and 1.57 mg kg−1. The residue level of imidacloprid in nectar and pollen of seed‐treated sunflower plants in the field was negligible. Under field‐growing conditions no residues were detected (limit of detection: 0.0015 mg kg−1) in either nectar or pollen. There were also no detectable residues in nectar and pollen of sunflowers planted as a succeeding crop in soils which previously had been cropped with imidacloprid seed‐treated plants.Chronic feeding experiments with sunflower honey fortified with 0.002, 0.005, 0.010 and 0.020 mg kg−1 imidacloprid were conducted to assess potential long‐term adverse effects on honeybee colonies. Testing end‐points in this 39‐day feeding study were mortality, feeding activity, wax/comb production, breeding performance and colony vitality. Even at the highest test concentration, imidacloprid showed no adverse effects on the development of the exposed bee colonies. This no‐adverse‐effect concentration of 0.020 mg kg−1 compares with a field residue level of less than 0.0015 mg kg−1 ( =  limit of detection in the field residue studies) which clearly shows that a sunflower seed dressing with imidacloprid poses no risk to honeybees. This conclusion is confirmed by observations made in more than 10 field studies and several tunnel tests.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
An oral bioassay for the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile
Authors: Hooper‐Bùi Linda M , Rust Michael K 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have developed an oral bioassay to determine the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. We fed seven concentrations of hydramethylnon in suspension to individual workers or queens, determined the amount of hydramethylnon ingested and evaluated the individual ants for mortality 14 days later. At concentrations ≥0.37 g liter−1, the amount of liquid the queens ingested decreased dramatically, indicating that Argentine ant queens may detect hydramethylnon. Significantly larger volumes of the two highest concentrations of the hydramethylnon suspension were ingested by the workers, compared to the lower concentrations, suggesting that hydramethylnon may act as a feeding stimulant for the workers. Worker mortality was higher than queen mortality at the highest concentrations tested. The highest worker mortality resulted when the ants ingested 1.03 µg of hydramethylnon per mg of ant tissue. At the highest concentration (1.0 g liter−1) tested, workers ingested almost 12 times as much active ingredient per mg of body weight as did queens, suggesting that, in order to increase mortality of queens, multiple feedings must occur.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Microscopic analysis of the effect of azoxystrobin treatments on Mycosphaerella graminicola infection using green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing transformants
Authors: Rohel Eric A , Cavelier Nadine , Hollomon Derek W 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing transformants were used to investigate the effects of strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin on Mycosphaerella graminicola infection. Azoxystrobin treatments (125 or 250 g AI ha−1) were applied at various stages of the infection process under controlled conditions. GFP transformants showed conserved in vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pathogenicity. Azoxystrobin controlled over 90% of M graminicola infections when applied before or during penetration of the pathogen (15% of the incubation phase). Azoxystrobin also impaired the growth of intercellular hyphae in M graminicola post‐penetration infection stages when applied at up to 50% of the incubation phase. Incubating infections observed in treated leaves were viable, but their growth was impaired and they did not induce necrosis under controlled conditions. Reduction by half of azoxystrobin dosage had little or no effect on azoxystrobin efficiency in controlling M graminicola. The contribution of post‐penetration fungistatic effect to azoxystrobin curative properties toward M graminicola in a field situation is discussed.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative structure–transformation relationships of phenylurea herbicides
Authors: Berger Bernhard M , Müller Martin , Eing Andreas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuantitative relationships between the structure of phenylurea herbicides and their transformation in different matrices have been developed. Experimental data on microbial transformation by pure and mixed cultures of soil micro‐organisms in inoculated and native soil, as well as on chemical transformation by hydrolysis in sterile soil and water, were available from previous studies. Around 60 experimental or calculated descriptors were used. Quantum chemical calculations were performed with three different semi‐empirical methods. Models developed with multiple linear regression were generally easier to interpret than those derived with partial least‐squares projection to latent structures. Quite simple and interpretable models could be found to predict transformation rates by pure cultures from lipophilicity, by mixed cultures from adsorption distribution coefficients, and by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis from electronic properties. Transformation in inoculated soil could not be predicted, but for native soil the use of a quantum chemical descriptor for reactivity (energy of LUMO) together with molar refraction resulted in a general model.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
An index technique to monitor broadcast calibration and bait pick up, plus rodent and avian sign under arid conditions
Authors: Sterner Ray T , Ramey Craig A 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs part of product‐performance and wildlife‐hazards studies of 2% zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) steam‐rolled‐oat baits (11.2 kg ha−1) to reduce vole populations (Microtus spp) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we used randomly located, brushed‐dirt plots (eight ∼930−cm2 plots per 0.2‐ha enclosure) to monitor bait‐broadcast and ‐removal patterns, as well as to index vole and avian sign. Research was conducted in 18 × 0.2‐ha enclosures containing 2.5‐year‐old stands of alfalfa; a 2‐day pre‐bait (placebo baits broadcast in all enclosures) period followed by a 14‐day test‐bait period (placebo and 2% Zn3P2 baits in nine enclosures each) characterized the bait exposures. Baits were broadcast manually by two certified pesticide applicators (CPAs) using Spyker® Model‐75 spreaders. Baits that fell onto plots were counted <30 min later to assess the uniformity of bait distribution. The main statistical design was a 2 (placebo or Zn3P2 baits) × 3 (vole‐only, vole–pheasant, vole–quail exposures) × 14 (days) factorial, with days considered repeated measurements. In the six vole‐only enclosures, baits were removed from the brushed‐dirt plots and replaced with four 0% or 2% Zn3P2 baits (one per 232.6‐cm2 quadrant; 32 per enclosure); these ‘placed’ baits were then monitored daily for removal, while the surfaces of all plots were monitored daily for the presence : absence of animal/bird sign. Key results were: (a) 3.51 (±2.66) and 3.39 (±3.52) mean (±SD) baits were found on plots after pre‐bait and test‐bait broadcasts, respectively—less than the predicted 4.52 particles per 930‐cm2 plot; (b) baits ‘placed’ on plots in placebo‐baited enclosures were removed earlier than those in Zn3P2‐baited enclosures—data in agreement with observed vole mortality; and (c) species × bait interactions occurred for both the vole‐ and pheasant‐sign counts, but not quail‐sign counts—data also indirectly confirming Zn3P2‐induced mortality effects on voles and pheasants. This technique has utility for a variety of wildlife biology and chemical registration studies; although limited to arid conditions, the technique affords useful indices of broadcast calibration, bait pick‐up, as well as target and non‐target species mortality.Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Analysis of a hybrid plate girder bridge during erection: collapse of Tennessee Highway 69 bridge
Authors: Wojnowski Daniel A , Domel August W , Wilkinson John A , Kenner Matthew T 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe state of stress and buckling stability of a bridge structure during construction must be fully understood during the erection process. The live and dead loads that act upon a structure during erection may result in instability of the partially completed structure. For this reason temporary and/or permanent bracing may be required. It is of utmost importance that engineers and contractors understand these principles. Study of the collapse of the Tennessee Highway 69 bridge gives insight into the principles of structural stability during erection. The following gives the reader an understanding of design and analysis techniques that can be used to determine the structural stability of a structure during erection. More importantly, the paper illustrates the effect of lack of stability during erection of a bridge.
Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis
Authors: Banskota Arjun H. , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Kadota Shigetoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPropolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources. It is a popular folk medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities. It has also been used as a health drink in various Asian, European and American countries. Several groups of researchers have focused their attention on the biological activity of propolis and its active principles. Many scientific articles are published every year in different international journals related to the pharmacological properties of propolis. This review article compiles recent findings (since 1995) on the pharmacological properties of propolis focusing on its antihepatotoxic, antitumour, antioxidative, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. The possible mechanism of action of propolis as well as the active compounds are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of Malian medicinal plants for antifungal, larvicidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant and radical scavenging activities
Authors: Diallo D. , Marston A. , Terreaux C. , Touré Y. , Smestad Paulsen B. , Hostettmann K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA total of 78 different extracts from 20 medicinal plants belonging to 14 plant families from Mali were tested for their antifungal, larvicidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Dichloromethane, methanol, water and ethanol extracts were used. TLC autobiography for antifungal activity was run with Cladosporium cucumerinum and Candida albicans. Extracts were also tested on the larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. Molluscicidal activities were established with the snails Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus. β‐Carotene and DPPH solutions sprayed on TLC plates were used for antioxidant and radical scavenging assays. Of the extracts investigated, 20% were antioxidant and radical scavengers, 19% fungicidal, 30% were larvicidal and 11% were molluscicidal. Three of the plant extracts, from Cussonia barteri (Araliaceae), Glinus oppositifolius (Aïzoaceae) and Lannea velutina (Anacardiaceae) gave positive responses in all four tests. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular effects of the methanol and dichloromethanol extracts from Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.
Authors: Bello R. , Calatayud S. , Beltrán B. , Primo‐Yúfera E. , Esplugues J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMethanol and dichloromethanol extracts of the leaves and stems of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. have been tested for their effects on resting arterial blood pressure, heart rate and noradrenaline induced hypertension. Both extracts administered by i.v. bolus to urethane anaesthetized normotensive rats reduced the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, while only the dichloromethanol extract prevented the noradrenaline induced hypertension. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of differentiation in rat C6 glioma cells with Saikosaponins
Authors: Tsai Yan‐Jyu , Chen I‐Ling , Horng Lin‐Yea , Wu Rong‐Tsun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of saikosaponins (a, b1, b2, c, d), isolated from Bupleurum Radix, on the induction of differentiation in rat C6 glioma cells were studied. Saikosaponins a and d were shown to inhibit cell proliferation and alter cell morphology. In addition to cytostasis, the enzymatic activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase (CNP) were also noticeably increased after treatment with saikosaponin a. Nevertheless, saikosaponin d only showed an increase of GS activity, no significant changes in CNP activity were found. These results suggest that saikosaponin a can induce the differentiation of C6 glioma cells into astrocytes and/or oligodendrocytes, but saikosaponin d can only induce the differentiation of C6 glioma cells into astrocytes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diuretic activity of Fabiana patagonica in rats
Authors: Álvarez M. E. , María A. O. M. , Saad J. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA pharmacological evaluation of the diuretic activity of Fabiana patagonica Speg. (Solanaceae) was carried out in isotonic saline loaded rats. The data reported in the present work indicate that the acetone extract and infusion of the aerial part of Fabiana patagonica showed a moderate diuretic activity. This activity could be due, in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated as the major metabolite of F. patagonica. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The antiulcerative effect of Thai Musa species in rats
Authors: Pannangpetch Patchareewan , Vuttivirojana Auranut , Kularbkaew Churairat , Tesana Samarn , Kongyingyoes Bunkerd , Kukongviriyapan Veerapol 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBananas are reported to have an antipeptic ulcer effect, however, the beneficial action can be affected by many factors, including the variety. Our study was undertaken to investigate the antipeptic ulcer effect of the Palo and Horn varieties of banana, grown and consumed in the northeast of Thailand. Indomethacin and acetic acid‐induced gastric lesions in rats were employed as models of peptic ulcer disease. The lengths of gastric lesions in the glandular part of the stomach were measured for the assessment of the protective effect of bananas. The healing effect was studied by histological examination of the ulcerated area. The lesions in rats treated with the extract of banana were significantly less dominant than those of the control. The average length of total lesions of rats treated with an extract of Palo or Horn bananas at a dose of 1.0 g/kg/d for 3 days prior to indomethacin administration were 4.47±1.2 and 1.87±0.44 mm, respectively, whereas those observed in the control rats were 14.56±2.43 mm. In the ulcer‐healing model, only the Hom‐banana‐extract‐treated group showed a beneficial effect which manifested as a milder degree of histological change than that of the indomethacin‐induced‐chronic‐ulcer control group. However, in acetic acid‐induced ulcers, the histological changes of every group were similar. The present findings indicate that bananas of different varieties have varying antipeptic ulcer effects. The extracts of Palo and Hom bananas have a prominent gastroprotective effect, whereas only the extract of Hom banana had an observed ulcer‐healing effect. Copyright @ 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of quercetin on tachykinin‐induced plasma extravasation in rat urinary bladder
Authors: Wille Paulo R. , Ribeiro‐do‐Valle Rosa M. , Simões Cláudia M. O. , Gabilan Nelson H. , Nicolau Mauro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of quercetin on substance P‐induced plasma extravasation in rat urinary bladder and its modulation by endogenous peptidases in conscious rats was studied. Plasma protein extravasation (PE) was assayed by measurement of extravasated Evans blue dye (μg/g dry tissue). Intravenous injection of substance P (SP, 10 nmol/kg) significantly increased PE in the urinary bladder. PE evoked by SP was increased significantly by quercetin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) pretreatment in the urinary bladder (73.5 ± 4.9 to 152.2 ± 9.9). Pretreatment with captopril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (10 nmol/kg, i.v.), or with phosphoramidon, a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor (2.5 μmol/kg, i.v.) also potentiated the SP‐induced PE in urinary bladder, 286.2 ± 20.4 and 323.3 ± 34.0, respectively. Quercetin did not show any effect on neurokinin‐A (NKA, 10 nmol/kg, i.v.) ‐induced plasma extravasation. The present study demonstrates that quercetin potentiates the PE induced by substance P in the urinary bladder. These effects suggest that this flavonoid might cause inhibition of NEP and/or ACE. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of the Duane plot for repairable systems
Authors: Rigdon Steven E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Duane plot is a plot of cumulative operating time against the cumulative failure rate on double logarithmic axes. It is often claimed that the power law process, a non‐homogeneous Poisson process with intensity function $\lambda(t)=(\beta/\theta)(t/\theta)^{\beta-1}$, implies a linear Duane plot. We show that this implication and its converse are false. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and spin‐state energetics of an iron porphyrin model: An assessment of theoretical methods
Authors: Scherlis Damián A. , Estrin Darío A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ability of unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF), Møller–Plesset (MP2), density functional theory (DFT), and hybrid density functional/Hartree–Fock methodologies to describe the structure and spin‐state energetics of iron porphyrins was assessed. In the first place, these techniques have been applied to Fe, Fe+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ for which HF calculations overestimate energy gaps, favoring stabilization of higher multiplicity states. DFT shows the opposite trend at the GGA level, with some improvement using the hybrid schemes B3LYP and half‐and‐half. We use the hybrid functionals to explore the dependence of the spin state with the iron displacement out of the porphyrin plane in the five‐coordinate system, for which a high‐spin ground state has been experimentally determined. The possibility of spin crossover, proposed in previous studies, is examined. Finally, the hybrid methodologies are applied to the computation of the oxyhemoglobin model. The B3LYP description of the electronic structure of both penta and hexa coordinate model systems is consistent with previous theoretical calculations and with experimental information of deoxy and oxy hemoglobin. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Symplectic algorithm for use in computing the time‐independent Schrödinger equation
Authors: Liu Xue‐Shen , Su Li‐Wei , Ding Pei‐Zhu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present an improved symplectic scheme‐shooting method (ISSSM) for solving the one‐dimensional time‐independent Schrödinger equation. This method is applied to computations of the eigenvalues and wave functions of the hydrogen molecule (H2) and a Morse potential; the method is also applied to computations of the parameters and wave functions of a soft potential. The numerical results are in good agreement with the exact ones or other numerical ones and illustrate that the ISSSM is more effective than the SSSM. Then the ISSSM is extended to solutions of the two‐dimensional time‐independent Schrödinger equation. The eigenvalues of the two‐dimensional harmonic oscillator and the two‐dimensional Henon–Heiles potential are calculated by using the ISSSM. The numerical results illustrate that our method is stable and convergent for two dimensions. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001