bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The landscape of PBMCs in AQP4‐IgG seropositive NMOSD and MOGAD, assessed by high dimensional mass cytometry
Authors: Yao Mengyuan , Wang Wenjing , Sun Jiali , Guo Tianshu , Bian Jiangping , Xiao Fuyao , Li Yuanyuan , Cong Hengri , Wei Yuzhen , Zhang Xinghu , Liu Jianghong , Yin Linlin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesData on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) characteristics of aquaporin‐4 (AQP4)‐IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) are lacking. In this study, we describe the whole PBMCs landscape of the above diseases using cytometry by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (CyTOF).MethodsThe immune cell populations were phenotyped and clustered using CyTOF isolated from 27 AQP4‐IgG seropositive NMOSD, 11 MOGAD patients, and 15 healthy individuals. RNA sequencing was employed to identify critical genes. Fluorescence cytometry and qPCR analysis were applied to further validate the algorithm‐based results that were obtained.ResultsWe identified an increased population of CD11b+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) in patients with high expression of CCR2, whose abundance may correlate with brain inflammatory infiltration. Using fluorescence cytometry, we confirmed the CCR2+ monocyte subsets in a second cohort of patients. Moreover, there was a wavering of B, CD4+ T, and NKT cells between AQP4‐IgG seropositive NMOSD and MOGAD.ConclusionsOur findings describe the whole landscape of PBMCs in two similar demyelinated diseases and suggest that, besides MNPs, T, NK and B, cells were all involved in the pathogenesis. The identified cell population may be used as a predictor for monitoring disease development or treatment responses.
Sevoflurane causes cognitive impairment by inducing iron deficiency and inhibiting the proliferation of neural precursor cells in infant mice
Authors: Zuo Yong , Xie Jinhong , Zhang Xue , Thirupathi Anand , Liu Xiaopeng , Zhang Di , Zhang Jianhua , Shi Zhenhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsNumerous studies on animals have shown that exposure to general anesthetics in infant stage may cause neurocognitive impairment. However, the exact mechanism is not clear. The dysfunction of iron metabolism can cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, we investigated the effect of iron metabolism disorder induced by sevoflurane (Sev) on cognitive function and the proliferation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) in infant mice.MethodsC57BL/6 mice of postnatal day 14 and neural stem cells NE4C were treated with 2% Sev for 6 h. We used the Morris water maze (MWM) to test the cognitive function of infant mice. The proliferation of NPCs was measured using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) label and their markers Ki67 and Pax6 in infant brain tissues 12 h after anesthesia. Meanwhile, we used immunohistochemical stain, immunofluorescence assay, western blot, and flow cytometer to evaluate the myelinogenesis, iron levels, and cell proliferation in cortex and hippocampus or in NE4C cells.ResultsThe results showed that Sev significantly caused cognitive deficiency in infant mice. Further, we found that Sev inhibited oligodendrocytes proliferation and myelinogenesis by decreasing MBP and CC‐1 expression and iron levels. Meanwhile, Sev also induced the iron deficiency in neurons and NSCs by downregulating FtH and FtL expression and upregulating the TfR1 expression in the cortex and hippocampus, which dramatically suppressed the proliferation of NSCs and NPCs as indicated by decreasing the colocalization of Pax6+ and BrdU+ cells, and caused the decrease in the number of neurons. Interestingly, iron supplementation before anesthesia significantly improved iron deficiency in cortex and hippocampus and cognitive deficiency induced by Sev in infant mice. Iron therapy inhibited the decrease of MBP expression, iron levels in neurons and oligodendrocytes, and DNA synthesis of Pax6+ cells in hippocampus induced by Sev. Meanwhile, the number of neurons was partially recovered in hippocampus.ConclusionThe results from the present study demonstrated that Sev‐induced iron deficiency might be a new mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by inhaled anesthetics in infant mice. Iron supplementation before anesthesia is an effective strategy to prevent cognitive impairment caused by Sev in infants.
Implementation of a lifestyle and life‐skills intervention to prevent weight‐gain and cardiometabolic abnormalities in young people with first‐episode psychosis as part of routine care: The Keeping the Body in Mind program
Authors: Curtis Jackie , Teasdale Scott B. , Morell Rachel , Wadhwa Prarthna , Watkins Andrew , Lederman Oscar , O'Donnell Catherine , Fibbins Hamish , Ward Philip B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn 2013, a cluster‐controlled pilot study found the 12‐week Keeping the Body in Mind (KBIM) lifestyle and life skills intervention was able to prevent weight gain in a small sample of youth experiencing first‐episode psychosis (FEP) with fewer than 4 weeks of antipsychotic exposure. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of KBIM as routine care on anthropometry and metabolic biochemistry in a larger sample of youth with FEP across three community mental health services.MethodThis retrospective chart audit was conducted on youth with FEP, prescribed a therapeutic dose of antipsychotic medication, and who engaged with KBIM between 2015 and 2019. Primary outcomes were weight and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes were blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids. Outcomes were collected in at baseline and at 12 weeks. Data on program engagement were obtained from the participant's medical file.ResultsOne‐hundred and eighty‐two people met inclusion criteria, and up to 134 people had baseline and 12‐week data on one or more outcome. Mean number of sessions attended was 11.1 (SD = 7.3). Increases in weight and waist circumference were limited to 1.5 kg (SD = 5.3, t(133) = 3.2, p = .002) and 0.7 cm (SD = 5.8, t(109) = 1.2, p = .23) respectively. Eighty‐one percent of participants did not experience clinically significant weight gain (>7% of baseline weight). There were no significant changes in blood pressure or metabolic biochemistry.ConclusionThe prevention of substantial gains in weight and waist circumference observed in the initial pilot study was maintained with implementation of KBIM as part of routine clinical care for youth with FEP.
Assessing training on digital gender based violence in higher education taking into account gender and sexual orientation
Authors: Freude Leon , Bonet Jordi , Calvet Clara Camps 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDigital Gender‐Based violence (DGBV) is a social problem affecting overproportionally younger people, especially women and LGTB. Training programmes to combat DGBV are recommended but we lack evidence‐based evaluation of them. We evaluate a series of trainings at university for all participants (N = 190), taking into account gender and sexual orientation. A multimethod approach is used. Training is assessed with a pre−/post‐test survey on DGBV concerning content and skills, including items and open boxes on overall satisfaction. We also include observations of the workshop and students' reflections. We measure learning outcomes and satisfaction for the whole sample, as well as differences for gender and sexual orientation. Previous knowledge confirms the need for training programmes on DGBV. The difference between previous and subsequent knowledge proves that short training programmes on DGBV can improve students' knowledge of DGBV. We could not find differences between genders, but there are some differences based on sexual orientation.
Natal legacies cause social and spatial marginalization during dispersal
Authors: Catitti Benedetta , Grüebler Martin U. , Farine Damien R. , Kormann Urs G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly‐life experiences can drive subsequent variation in social behaviours, but how differences among individuals emerge remains unknown. We combined experimental manipulations with GPS‐tracking to investigate the pathways through which developmental conditions affect social network position during the early dispersal of wild red kites (Milvus milvus). Across 211 juveniles from 140 broods, last‐hatched chicks—the least competitive—had the fewest number of peer encounters after fledging. However, when food supplemented, they had more encounters than all others. Using 4425 bird‐days of GPS data, we revealed that this was driven by differential responses to competition, with less competitive individuals naturally spreading out into marginal areas, and clustering in central foraging areas when food supplemented. Our results suggest that early‐life adversities can cause significant natal legacies on individual behaviour beyond independence, with potentially far‐reaching consequences on the social and spatial structure of animal populations.
Hotter is not (always) better: Embracing unimodal scaling of biological rates with temperature
Authors: Michaletz Sean T. , Garen Josef C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRate‐temperature scaling relationships have fascinated biologists for nearly two centuries and are increasingly important in our era of global climate change. These relationships are hypothesized to originate from the temperature‐dependent kinetics of rate‐limiting biochemical reactions of metabolism. Several prominent theories have formalized this hypothesis using the Arrhenius model, which characterizes a monotonic temperature dependence using an activation energy E. However, the ubiquitous unimodal nature of biological temperature responses presents important theoretical, methodological, and conceptual challenges that restrict the promise for insight, prediction, and progress. Here we review the development of key hypotheses and methods for the temperature‐scaling of biological rates. Using simulations, we examine the constraints of monotonic models, illustrating their sensitivity to data nuances such as temperature range and noise, and their tendency to yield variable and underestimated E, with critical consequences for climate change predictions. We also evaluate the behaviour of two prominent unimodal models when applied to incomplete and noisy datasets. We conclude with recommendations for resolving these challenges in future research, and advocate for a shift to unimodal models that better characterize the full range of biological temperature responses.
The University of California Was Wrong to Abolish the SAT: Admissions When Affirmative Action Was Banned
Authors: Wittman Donald 
Published: February 2024

AbstractI study student characteristics and academic performance at the University of California, where consideration of an applicant's ethnicity has been banned since 1996 and SAT scores were used in admitting students to the university until fall 2021. I show the following: (1) SAT scores were more important than high school grades in predicting first‐year university GPA; (2) the use of SAT scores alone or with high school grades in determining admission is biased in favor of admitting underrepresented minorities and students who are socioeconomically disadvantaged; (3) SAT scores are more important and high school grades are less important in predicting GPA for underrepresented minorities and/or those students from low‐income families than they are for those students who are white and/or from high‐income families; and (4) the University of California found ways to admit a significant number of underrepresented minorities despite many of them having low SAT scores.
Space use of invertebrates in terrestrial habitats: Phylogenetic, functional and environmental drivers of interspecific variations
Authors: Auger Gwenaëlle , Pottier Julien , Mathieu Jérôme , Jabot Franck 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimWe present the first global database of movement patterns of terrestrial invertebrates, focusing on active dispersal and foraging movements. We depict interspecific variations in movement distances among invertebrates and assess potential drivers of these variations. We finally contrast our results with those of previous vertebrate studies.LocationWorldwide.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis using 176 studies. They provided 411 movement estimates: 175 foraging movement estimates for 101 species, 51 families and 19 orders, and 236 dispersal estimates for 131 species, 53 families and 16 orders. These estimates were complemented by several organism functional traits: body mass, diet, locomotion mode and by environmental variables of the study sites: temperature and NDVI. We computed allometric relationships between movement distances and body mass both globally and separately for each taxonomic order with sufficient data. We tested the relative influence of the co‐variables on movement distances through model selection.ResultsWe reveal a general positive allometric relationship between movement distance and body mass that holds across most taxonomic orders. We evidence a strong phylogenetic signal in movement distances that translates in variable allometries of movement distances with body mass across taxonomic orders. We further find that interspecific variations of movement distances are primarily correlated with functional differences rather than environmental conditions. Locomotion mode is the most important explanatory variable of both dispersal and foraging distances, with larger distances among flying individuals followed by walking and crawling ones for a given body mass. Surprisingly, trophic guild has a low predictive power of invertebrate movement distances as opposed to vertebrates, with unclear differences between invertebrate carnivores, herbivores and decomposers.Main ConclusionsOur study provides general allometric equations for terrestrial movement distances of invertebrates. It further reveals important functional drivers of their interspecific variation in space use with a dominant role of their evolutionary history.
PDGF‐AA guides cell crosstalk between human dental pulp stem cells in vitro via the PDGFR‐α/PI3K/Akt axis
Authors: Xu Siqun , Wei Jieya , Liu Yang , Zhang Li , Duan Mengmeng , Li Jiazhou , Niu Zhixing , Pu Xiaohua , Huang Minglei , Chen Hao , Zhou Xuedong , Xie Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the influence of PDGF‐AA on cell communication between human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) by characterizing gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and its potential biomechanical mechanism.MethodologyQuantitative real‐time PCR was used to measure connexin family member expression in DPSCs. Cell migration and CCK‐8 assays were utilized to examine the influence of PDGF‐AA on DPSC migration and proliferation. A scrape loading/dye transfer assay was applied to evaluate GJIC triggered by PDGF‐AA, a PI3K/Akt signalling pathway blocker (LY294002) and a PDGFR‐α blocker (AG1296). Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to test the expression and distribution of the Cx43 and p‐Akt proteins in DPSCs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence were used to observe the morphology of GJIC in DPSCs.ResultsPDGF‐AA promoted gap junction formation and intercellular communication between human dental pulp stem cells. PDGF‐AA upregulates the expression of Cx43 to enhance gap junction formation and intercellular communication. PDGF‐AA binds to PDGFR‐α and activates PI3K/Akt signalling to regulate cell communication.ConclusionsThis research demonstrated that PDGF‐AA can enhance Cx43‐mediated GJIC in DPSCs via the PDGFR‐α/PI3K/Akt axis, which provides new cues for dental pulp regeneration from the perspective of intercellular communication.
Effects of thermal treatment on the physicochemical and structural properties of wheat gluten proteins: insights from gluten, glutenin, and gliadin fractions
Authors: Xu Ke , Kuang Jiwei 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis study examined changes in heat‐induced gluten proteins, focusing on their structure, physicochemical properties, and molecular analysis. The results demonstrated that gliadin had a high denaturation temperature (68.04 °C) and minimal aggregation during heating (25 °C–95 °C), yet it hindered thermal reaction progress of gluten effectively. Heating caused a shift from α‐helical structure to random coil and β‐turn structures, with a decrease in fluorescence intensity. High temperature reduced sulphydryl groups in gluten and glutenin, reaching 0.64 and 0.58 mmol L−1, respectively. However, the content of sulphydryl groups in gliadin remained relatively stable at around 0.37 mmol L−1. Notably, the configuration of disulphide bonds in gliadin, particularly in the g‐g‐g configuration, displayed greater stability. Microstructure analysis revealed increased compactness in all protein fractions as temperature rose. Overall, gliadin had greater thermal stability, impeding glutenin aggregation and gluten network formation. These findings provide valuable insights for cooking, processing, and storage of gluten proteins.
Effect of addition of soybean protein isolate on the retrogradation of rice starch
Authors: Yang Yang , Wu Na , Zhang Can , Bian Xin , Ma Chun‐min , Wang Yuan‐yuan , Fu Yao , Shi Yan‐guo , Ai Lian‐zhong , Zhang Na 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn this study, a hybrid system was prepared by mixing rice starch (RS) with different mass fractions (0%–10% dry weight) of soy protein isolate (SPI) to investigate its retrogradation characteristics during storage. The results showed that the addition of SPI led to an increase in pasting temperature and a decrease in setback (SB) and aging rate (P < 0.05). When the level of SPI was increased to 10%, the pasting temperature reached a peak of 75.28°C, resulting in a decrease of 16.52% in regrowth rate and 51.61% in aging rate. The analysis of hardness and secondary structure indicated that the inclusion of SPI resulted in a less robust starch gel structure in comparison to RS, leading to a decrease in gel hardness and the short‐range ordered structure of starch. The pore structure of the starch gel was observed to be smaller and more uniform following the addition of SPI. The presence of SPI hindered the recrystallisation of starch granules, consequently leading to a delay in starch retrogradation. The results of this study have validated the positive effect of incorporating SPI on the anti‐aging properties of starch during storage. This serves as a foundational basis for enhancing the processing attributes of RS and the overall quality of starchy food products.
Expanding student nurse placement activity in Welsh care homes: An evaluation study
Authors: Williams Sharon , Caley Lynne , Kingdom‐Mills Sarah , Cassidy Simon , Jones Lesley 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimExpanding and sustaining student nurse placements outside of the acute sector is a universal challenge. This paper aims to evaluate the Care Home Education Facilitator Role introduced in one area of Wales, United Kingdom, and to report on the outcomes achieved from this novel role.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders including the Care Home Education Facilitator postholder leading the pilot, care home managers, higher education institutions' placement managers/coordinators, student nurses and national health service staff.ResultsFive key areas were identified, which included timing of introducing the post and establishing a clear rationale and understanding of the intention of the role. The benefits, challenges and suggested improvements to the Care Home Education Facilitator initiative are provided.ConclusionIntroducing the role of the Care Home Education Facilitator to work closely with key stakeholders resulted in increased placements for student nurses, but investing time in developing relationships with these stakeholders was critical to the success of the role.
An association between Dnmt1 and Wnt in the production of oocytes in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Cunningham Christopher B. , Shelby Emily A. , McKinney Elizabeth C. , Simmons Alvin M. , Moore Allen J. , Moore Patricia J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe function of DNA methylation in insects and the DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) genes that influence methylation remains uncertain. We used RNA interference to reduce the gene expression of Dnmt1 within the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae; Gennadius), a hemipteran species that relies on Dnmt1 for proper gametogenesis. We then used RNA‐seq to test an a priori hypothesis that meiosis‐related genetic pathways would be perturbed. We generally did not find an overall effect on meiosis‐related pathways. However, we found that genes in the Wnt pathway, genes associated with the entry into meiosis in vertebrates, were differentially expressed. Our results are consistent with Dnmt1 knockdown influencing specific pathways and not causing general transcriptional response. This is a finding that is also seen with other insect species. We also characterised the methylome of B. tabaci and assessed the influence of Dnmt1 knockdown on cytosine methylation. This species has methylome characteristics comparable to other hemipterans regarding overall level, enrichment within gene bodies, and a bimodal distribution of methylated/non‐methylated genes. Very little differential methylation was observed, and difference in methylation were not associated with differences in gene expression. The effect on Wnt presents an interesting new candidate pathway for future studies.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells from tumour‐bearing mice induce the population expansion of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells via PD‐L1
Authors: Chen Wenyan , Ning Xiaomin , Liu Yang , Shen Tingting , Liu Mengru , Yin Hui , Ding Yue , Zhou Jingwen , Yin Rui , Cai Liangliang , Wu Yuhan , Qian Li 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) increase in number and gain immunosuppressive functions in tumours and many other pathological conditions. MDSCs are characterized by their strong T‐cell immunosuppressive capacity. The effects that MDSCs may have on B cells, especially within the tumour microenvironment, are less well understood. Here, we report that either monocytic MDSCs or polymorphonuclear MDSCs can promote increases in interleukin (IL)‐10‐expressing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells in vitro and in vivo. Splenic transitional‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 cells and marginal zone B cells, but not follicular B cells, differentiate into IL‐10‐expressing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells. The adoptive transfer of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells via tail vein injection can promote subcutaneous 3LL tumour growth in mice. The expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 on MDSCs was found to be strongly associated with CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cell population expansion. Furthermore, the frequency of circulating CD19+FcγRIIhi regulatory B cells was significantly increased in advanced‐stage lung cancer patients. Our results unveil a critical role of MDSCs in regulatory B‐cell differentiation and population expansion in lung cancer patients.