bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase‐Accurate Internal Tides in a Global Ocean Forecast Model: Potential Applications for Nadir and Wide‐Swath Altimetry
Authors: Yadidya Badarvada , Arbic Brian K. , Shriver Jay F. , Nelson Arin D. , Zaron Edward D. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Thakur Ritabrata 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInternal tides (ITs) play a critical role in ocean mixing, and have strong signatures in ocean observations. Here, global IT sea surface height (SSH) in nadir altimetry is compared with an ocean forecast model that assimilates de‐tided SSH from nadir altimetry. The forecast model removes IT SSH variance from nadir altimetry at skill levels comparable to those achieved with empirical analysis of nadir altimetry. Accurate removal of IT SSH is needed to fully reveal lower‐frequency mesoscale eddies and currents in altimeter data. Analysis windows of order 30–120 days, made possible by the frequent (hourly) outputs of the forecast model, remove more IT SSH variance than longer windows. Forecast models offer a promising new approach for global internal tide mapping and altimetry correction. Because they provide information on the full water column, forecast models can also help to improve understanding of the underlying dynamics of ITs.
Diurnal Patterns in the Observed Cloud Liquid Water Path Response to Droplet Number Perturbations
Authors: Smalley Kevin M. , Lebsock Matthew D. , Eastman Ryan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA key uncertainty in Aerosol‐cloud interactions is the cloud liquid water path (LWP) response to increased aerosols (λ). LWP can either increase due to precipitation suppression or decrease due to entrainment‐drying. Previous research suggests that precipitation suppression dominates in thick clouds, while entrainment‐drying prevails in thin clouds. The time scales of the two competing effects are vastly different, requiring temporally resolved observations. We analyze 3‐day Lagrangian trajectories of stratocumulus clouds over the southeast Pacific using 2019–2021 geostationary data. We find that clouds with a LWP exceeding 200 g m−2 exhibit a positive response, while clouds with lower LWP show a negative response. We observe a significant diurnal cycle in λ, indicating a more strongly negative daytime adjustment driven by entrainment‐drying. In contrast, at night, precipitation suppression can occasionally fully counteract the entrainment‐drying mechanism. Overall, λ appears weaker than previously suggested in studies that do not account for the diurnal cycle.
Estimation of Intensity‐Duration‐Area‐Frequency Relationships Based on the Full Range of Non‐Zero Precipitation From Radar‐Reanalysis Data
Authors: Haruna Abubakar , Blanchet Juliette , Favre Anne‐Catherine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntensity‐Duration‐Area‐Frequency (IDAF) models provide the mathematical link between precipitation intensities (I), durations (D), areas (A), and frequency of occurrence (F). They play a critical role in hydrological design, areal rainfall hazard quantification, storm characterization, and early warning system development. IDAF models extend the conventional Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency models by accounting for the spatial extent of precipitation (i.e., the area). In this study, we develop IDAF models using the entire non‐zero precipitation intensities, not only the extremes. We use the extended generalized Pareto distribution (EGPD) to model the precipitation intensities. To build the IDAF models, we adopt a data‐driven approach that allows the linkage of EGPD parameters with duration and area, based on empirically determined parametric relationships. The inference of model parameters is done using a global maximum likelihood estimation, and uncertainties are assessed by the bootstrap method. The study area is Switzerland, a topographically complex region of 42,000 km2 with regional precipitation variability and clear seasonality. The study utilizes 17 years of data from CombiPrecip, a radar‐reanalysis product developed by geostatistically merging radar and rain gauge data in an operational setting. We build the IDAF models for the spatiotemporal range of 1–72 hr and 1 to 1,089 km2 at each pixel in the study area. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first attempt to use the EGPD in IDAF curve modeling. It discusses the use and limitations of CombiPrecip in extreme value analysis and highlights the challenges of modeling areal precipitation in a complex topographical environment.
A Living Statement of DEI and Ethics Expectations Within the Community Science Exchange
Authors: Parrish Julia K. , Haklay Muki , Pandya Raj , Schensul Jean , Ricci Mia , Schuette Allison 
Published: February 2024

Key Points

Ethical science must include community engagement
The Community Science Exchange promotes ethical responsibilities of editors and authors
The grand environmental challenges can only be faced and surmounted with ethical, inclusive approaches
Tumorigenic role of tacrolimus through mTORC1/C2 activation in post-transplant renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Moldvai Dorottya , Sztankovics Dániel , Dankó Titanilla , Vetlényi Enikő , Petővári Gábor , Márk Ágnes , Patonai Attila , Végső Gyula , Piros László , Hosszú Ádám , Pápay Judit , Krencz Ildikó , Sebestyén Anna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) face an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), in which the immunosuppressive regimen plays an important role. This study aimed to identify intracellular signalling alterations associated with post-transplant (post-tx) tumour formation.

Methods
Expression of mTOR-related proteins were analysed in kidneys obtained from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and RCCs developed in KTRs or non-transplant patients. The effects of tacrolimus (TAC) and rapamycin (RAPA) on mTOR activity, proliferation, and tumour growth were investigated through different in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results
Elevated mTORC1/C2 activity was observed in post-tx RCCs and in kidneys of TAC-treated ESRD patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TAC increases mTOR activity in a normal tubular epithelial cell line and in the investigated RCC cell lines, moreover, promotes the proliferation of some RCC cell line. In vivo, TAC elevated mTORC1/C2 activity in ischaemic kidneys of mice and enhanced tumour growth in xenograft model.

Conclusions
We observed significantly increased mTOR activity in ischaemic kidneys and post-tx RCCs, which highlights involvement of mTOR pathway both in the healing or fibrotic processes of kidney and in tumorigenesis. TAC-treatment further augmented the already elevated mTOR activity of injured kidney, potentially contributing to tumorigenesis during immunosuppression.
Tetralol derivative NNC-55-0396 targets hypoxic cells in the glioblastoma microenvironment: an organ-on-chip approach
Authors: Bayona Clara , Alza Lía , Ranđelović Teodora , Sallán Marta C. , Visa Anna , Cantí Carles , Ochoa Ignacio , Oliván Sara , Herreros Judit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumour characterised by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The tumour microenvironment, particularly the central hypoxic region of the tumour, is known to play a pivotal role in GBM progression. Cells within this region adapt to hypoxia by stabilising transcription factor HIF1-α, which promotes cell proliferation, dedifferentiation and chemoresistance. In this study we sought to examine the effects of NNC-55-0396, a tetralol compound which overactivates the unfolded protein response inducing apoptosis, using the organ-on-chip technology. We identified an increased sensitivity of the hypoxic core of the chip to NNC, which correlates with decreasing levels of HIF1-α in vitro. Moreover, NNC blocks the macroautophagic process that is unleashed by hypoxia as revealed by increased levels of autophagosomal constituent LC3-II and autophagy chaperone p62/SQSTM1. The specific effects of NNC in the hypoxic microenvironment unveil additional anti-cancer abilities of this compound and further support investigations on its use in combined therapies against GBM.
CHCHD2 up-regulation in Huntington disease mediates a compensatory protective response against oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Xuanzhuo , Wang Fang , Fan Xinman , Chen Mingyi , Xu Xiaoxin , Xu Qiuhong , Zhu Huili , Xu Anding , Pouladi Mahmoud A. , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine tract resulting from a mutation in the HTT gene. Oxidative stress has been identified as a significant contributing factor to the development of HD and other neurodegenerative diseases, and targeting anti-oxidative stress has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach. CHCHD2 is a mitochondria-related protein involved in regulating cell migration, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis. Although CHCHD2 is highly expressed in HD cells, its specific role in the pathogenesis of HD remains uncertain. We postulate that the up-regulation of CHCHD2 in HD models represents a compensatory protective response against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with HD. To investigate this hypothesis, we employed HD mouse striatal cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as models to examine the effects of CHCHD2 overexpression (CHCHD2-OE) or knockdown (CHCHD2-KD) on the HD phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that CHCHD2 is crucial for maintaining cell survival in both HD mouse striatal cells and hiPSCs-derived neurons. Our study demonstrates that CHCHD2 up-regulation in HD serves as a compensatory protective response against oxidative stress, suggesting a potential anti-oxidative strategy for the treatment of HD.
Hsa_circ_0021205 enhances lipolysis via regulating miR-195-5p/HSL axis and drives malignant progression of glioblastoma
Authors: Li Suwen , Yuan Jiaqi , Cheng Zhe , Li Yongdong , Cheng Shan , Liu Xinglei , Huang Shilu , Xu Zhipeng , Wu Anyi , Liu Liang , Dong Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbnormal lipid metabolism is an essential hallmark of glioblastoma. Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), an important rate-limiting enzyme contributed to lipolysis, which was involved in aberrant lipolysis of glioblastoma, however, its definite roles and the relevant regulatory pathway have not been fully elucidated. Our investigations disclosed high expression of HSL in glioblastoma. Knock-down of HSL restrained proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells while adding to FAs could significantly rescue the inhibitory effect of si-HSL on tumor cells. Overexpression of HSL further promoted tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to predict and verify the regulatory role of ncRNAs on HSL. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0021205 regulated HSL expression by sponging miR-195-5p, which further promoted lipolysis and drove the malignant progression of glioblastoma. Besides, hsa_circ_0021205/miR-195-5p/HSL axis activated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. These findings suggested that hsa_circ_0021205 promoted tumorigenesis of glioblastoma through regulation of HSL, and targeting hsa_circ_0021205/miR-195-5p/HSL axis can serve as a promising new strategy against glioblastoma.
Mitochondrial metabolism and targeted treatment strategies in ischemic-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Chen Yongming , Li Zixian , Zhang Hongyong , Chen Huixia , Hao Junfeng , Liu Huafeng , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The kidney is susceptible to IRI under several clinical conditions, including hypotension, sepsis, and surgical procedures, such as partial nephrectomy and kidney transplantation. Extensive research has been conducted on the mechanism and intervention strategies of renal IRI in past decades; however, the complex pathophysiology of IRI-induced AKI (IRI-AKI) is not fully understood, and there remains a lack of effective treatments for AKI. Renal IRI involves several processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria, the centers of energy metabolism, are increasingly recognized as substantial contributors to the early phases of IRI. Multiple mitochondrial lesions have been observed in the renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) of IRI-AKI mice, and damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria are toxic to the cells because they produce ROS and release cell death factors, resulting in TEC apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the mitochondrial pathology in ischemic AKI and highlight promising therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to prevent or treat human ischemic AKI.
Solvation-property relationship of lithium-sulphur battery electrolytes
Authors: Kim Sang Cheol , Gao Xin , Liao Sheng-Lun , Su Hance , Chen Yuelang , Zhang Wenbo , Greenburg Louisa C. , Pan Jou-An , Zheng Xueli , Ye Yusheng , Kim Mun Sek , Sayavong Philaphon , Brest Aaron , Qin Jian , Bao Zhenan , Cui Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Li-S battery is a promising next-generation battery chemistry that offers high energy density and low cost. The Li-S battery has a unique chemistry with intermediate sulphur species readily solvated in electrolytes, and understanding their implications is important from both practical and fundamental perspectives. In this study, we utilise the solvation free energy of electrolytes as a metric to formulate solvation-property relationships in various electrolytes and investigate their impact on the solvated lithium polysulphides. We find that solvation free energy influences Li-S battery voltage profile, lithium polysulphide solubility, Li-S battery cyclability and the Li metal anode; weaker solvation leads to lower 1st plateau voltage, higher 2nd plateau voltage, lower lithium polysulphide solubility, and superior cyclability of Li-S full cells and Li metal anodes. We believe that relationships delineated in this study can guide the design of high-performance electrolytes for Li-S batteries.
A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification
Authors: Neyret Margot , Le Provost Gaëtane , Boesing Andrea Larissa , Schneider Florian D. , Baulechner Dennis , Bergmann Joana , de Vries Franciska T. , Fiore-Donno Anna Maria , Geisen Stefan , Goldmann Kezia , Merges Anna , Saifutdinov Ruslan A. , Simons Nadja K. , Tobias Joseph A. , Zaitsev Andrey S. , Gossner Martin M. , Jung Kirsten , Kandeler Ellen , Krauss Jochen , Penone Caterina , Schloter Michael , Schulz Stefanie , Staab Michael , Wolters Volkmar , Apostolakis Antonios , Birkhofer Klaus , Boch Steffen , Boeddinghaus Runa S. , Bolliger Ralph , Bonkowski Michael , Buscot François , Dumack Kenneth , Fischer Markus , Gan Huei Ying , Heinze Johannes , Hölzel Norbert , John Katharina , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Marhan Sven , Müller Jörg , Renner Swen C. , Rillig Matthias C. , Schenk Noëlle V. , Schöning Ingo , Schrumpf Marion , Seibold Sebastian , Socher Stephanie A. , Solly Emily F. , Teuscher Miriam , van Kleunen Mark , Wubet Tesfaye , Manning Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a ‘slow-fast’ axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.
Human-triggered magnification of erosion rates in European Alps since the Bronze Age
Authors: Rapuc William , Giguet-Covex Charline , Bouchez Julien , Sabatier Pierre , Gaillardet Jérôme , Jacq Kévin , Genuite Kim , Poulenard Jérôme , Messager Erwan , Arnaud Fabien 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA major feature of the Anthropocene is the drastic increase in global soil erosion. Soil erosion is threatening Earth habitability not only as soils are an essential component of the Earth system but also because societies depend on soils. However, proper quantification of the impact of human activities on erosion over thousands of years is still lacking. This is particularly crucial in mountainous areas, where the highest erosion rates are recorded. Here we use the Lake Bourget catchment, one of the largest in the European Alps, to estimate quantitatively the impact of human activities on erosion. Based on a multi-proxy, source-to-sink approach relying on isotopic geochemistry, we discriminate the effects of climate fluctuations from those of human activities on erosion over the last 10,000 years. We demonstrate that until 3800 years ago, climate is the only driver of erosion. From that time on, climate alone cannot explain the measured rates of erosion. Thanks to an unprecedented regional paleoenvironmental reconstruction, we highlight that the development of pastoralism at high altitudes from the Bronze Age onwards and the extension of agriculture starting in the Middle Ages were key factors in the drastic increase in erosion observed in the Alps.
Matrin3 mediates differentiation through stabilizing chromatin loop-domain interactions and YY1 mediated enhancer-promoter interactions
Authors: Liu Tianxin , Zhu Qian , Kai Yan , Bingham Trevor , Wang Stacy , Cha Hye Ji , Mehta Stuti , Schlaeger Thorsten M. , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Orkin Stuart H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough emerging evidence indicates that alterations in proteins within nuclear compartments elicit changes in chromosomal architecture and differentiation, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we investigate the direct role of the abundant nuclear complex protein Matrin3 (Matr3) in chromatin architecture and development in the context of myogenesis. Using an acute targeted protein degradation platform (dTAG-Matr3), we reveal the dynamics of development-related chromatin reorganization. High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) experiments revealed substantial chromatin loop rearrangements soon after Matr3 depletion. Notably, YY1 binding was detected, accompanied by the emergence of novel YY1-mediated enhancer-promoter loops, which occurred concurrently with changes in histone modifications and chromatin-level binding patterns. Changes in chromatin occupancy by Matr3 also correlated with these alterations. Overall, our results suggest that Matr3 mediates differentiation through stabilizing chromatin accessibility and chromatin loop-domain interactions, and highlight a conserved and direct role for Matr3 in maintenance of chromosomal architecture.
Mesoscopic calcium imaging in a head-unrestrained male non-human primate using a lensless microscope
Authors: Wu Jimin , Chen Yuzhi , Veeraraghavan Ashok , Seidemann Eyal , Robinson Jacob T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMesoscopic calcium imaging enables studies of cell-type specific neural activity over large areas. A growing body of literature suggests that neural activity can be different when animals are free to move compared to when they are restrained. Unfortunately, existing systems for imaging calcium dynamics over large areas in non-human primates (NHPs) are table-top devices that require restraint of the animal’s head. Here, we demonstrate an imaging device capable of imaging mesoscale calcium activity in a head-unrestrained male non-human primate. We successfully miniaturize our system by replacing lenses with an optical mask and computational algorithms. The resulting lensless microscope can fit comfortably on an NHP, allowing its head to move freely while imaging. We are able to measure orientation columns maps over a 20 mm2 field-of-view in a head-unrestrained macaque. Our work establishes mesoscopic imaging using a lensless microscope as a powerful approach for studying neural activity under more naturalistic conditions.
Optimizing multi-user indoor sound communications with acoustic reconfigurable metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Hongkuan , Wang Qiyuan , Fink Mathias , Ma Guancong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSound in indoor spaces forms a complex wavefield due to multiple scattering encountered by the sound. Indoor acoustic communication involving multiple sources and receivers thus inevitably suffers from cross-talks. Here, we demonstrate the isolation of acoustic communication channels in a room by wavefield shaping using acoustic reconfigurable metasurfaces (ARMs) controlled by optimization protocols based on communication theories. The ARMs have 200 electrically switchable units, each selectively offering 0 or π phase shifts in the reflected waves. The sound field is reshaped for maximal Shannon capacity and minimal cross-talk simultaneously. We demonstrate diverse acoustic functionalities over a spectrum much larger than the coherence bandwidth of the room, including multi-channel, multi-spectral channel isolations, and frequency-multiplexed acoustic communication. Our work shows that wavefield shaping in complex media can offer new strategies for future acoustic engineering.
Dynamic nucleolar phase separation influenced by non-canonical function of LIN28A instructs pluripotent stem cell fate decisions
Authors: Tan Tianyu , Gao Bo , Yu Hua , Pan Hongru , Sun Zhen , Lei Anhua , Zhang Li , Lu Hengxing , Wu Hao , Daley George Q. , Feng Yu , Zhang Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLIN28A is important in somatic reprogramming and pluripotency regulation. Although previous studies addressed that LIN28A can repress let-7 microRNA maturation in the cytoplasm, few focused on its role within the nucleus. Here, we show that the nucleolus-localized LIN28A protein undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and in vitro. The RNA binding domains (RBD) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) of LIN28A contribute to LIN28A and the other nucleolar proteins’ phase-separated condensate establishment. S120A, S200A and R192G mutations in the IDR result in subcellular mislocalization of LIN28A and abnormal nucleolar phase separation. Moreover, we find that the naive-to-primed pluripotency state conversion and the reprogramming are associated with dynamic nucleolar remodeling, which depends on LIN28A’s phase separation capacity, because the LIN28A IDR point mutations abolish its role in regulating nucleolus and in these cell fate decision processes, and an exogenous IDR rescues it. These findings shed light on the nucleolar function in pluripotent stem cell states and on a non-canonical RNA-independent role of LIN28A in phase separation and cell fate decisions.