bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“YouTube” for Surgical Training and Education in Donor Nephrectomy: Friend or Foe?
Authors: El-Mahrouk Mohamed , Jaradat Derar , Eichler Tim , Sucher Robert , Margreiter Christian , Lederer Andri , Karitnig Robert , Geisler Antonia , Jahn Nora , Hau Hans Michael 
Published: February 2025

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward e-learning and online education in surgical training. With the increasing prevalence of end-stage chronic kidney disease, kidney transplantation is in high demand. Donor safety is crucial in nephrectomy procedures, highlighting the importance of effective training. This study evaluates the quality and effectiveness of YouTube videos focusing on laparoscopic and robotic donor nephrectomy for surgical education. Methods On October 24, 2023, searches on YouTube for “laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy” and “robotic live donor nephrectomy” returned 121 videos, with 63 included in the study. Popularity was evaluated using the Video Power Index (VPI), while reliability and quality were assessed using the LAP-VEGaS Video Assessment Tool and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Additionally, a structured descriptive tool called the “Live Donor Nephrectomy Completeness (LDNC)” was created to evaluate the completeness and educational value of procedural technical steps. Results Out of 63 videos reviewed, laparoscopic surgical procedures were depicted in 71.4% of them, while robotic approaches were shown in 28.6%. Academic backgrounds were associated with 54% of the videos, and individual physician backgrounds with 46%. Mean scores were LAP-VEGaS 9.79 ± 3.87, VPI 6.32 ± 3.31, and LDNC 9.68 ± 1.97. JAMA scores varied, with 34.9% receiving 1 point, 34.9% receiving 2 points, 17.5% receiving 3 points, and 12.7% receiving 4 points. Academic videos scored significantly higher in LAP-VEGaS and LDNC (all p < .01). While LAP-VEGaS, VPI, and LDNC scores correlated significantly (all p < .05), no correlation was found between JAMA score and other scoring systems. Videos with more clicks and likes showed significantly better scores across all measures (all p < .05). Conclusion Amidst the challenges posed by the pandemic on surgical education, YouTube has emerged as a valuable resource for learning about laparoscopic and robotic donor nephrectomy for living kidney donation. However, the quality and reliability of these videos vary greatly, and many lack thorough reviews, leading to incomplete information. To enhance their educational value, it's proposed that videos undergo professional evaluation before publication and adhere to standardized, structured, and validated scoring systems, ensuring logical structure and improved quality.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft With Concomitant Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Groothoff Jonathan D. , Villa Richard S. , Glover Mark A. , Mason Thomas W. , Fiegen Anthony P. , van der List Jelle P. , Waterman Brian R. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Primary arthroscopic-assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) graft offers excellent long-term results for patients with ACL tears. When concurrent meniscal damage is present, the preferred treatment is repair of the meniscus. However, meniscectomy may be needed, which can result in insufficient meniscal function. Indications: ACL reconstruction performed concomitantly with meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) is indicated for patients with ACL tears and meniscal insufficiency. This procedure is typically reserved for younger, active patients, such as the 38-year-old woman in this presentation. Technique Description: The patient was placed in the supine position. The BTB graft was harvested first using a standard medial midline incision. A posterior meniscus root tunnel was drilled, followed by drilling of the femoral tunnel for ACL reconstruction. The tibial tunnel for ACL reconstruction was subsequently created, after which tapping was performed for anterior meniscus root fixation. The meniscal allograft was secured using alternating vertical mattress inside-out sutures. Finally, the BTB graft was passed through the tibial and femoral tunnels. Results: Outcomes following ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft and MAT are positive, with a 5-year survival between 84% and 91%. ACL reinjury and long-term development of osteoarthritis are the most common complications. In this case, the patient returned to work within 7 months and reported 0 out of 10 pain. Discussion/Conclusion: ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft and concomitant MAT is a viable treatment option for patients with ACL tears in the context of meniscal deficiency. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Continuous non-contact monitoring of neonatal activity
Authors: Addison Paul S. , Gerstmann Dale , Clemmer Jeffrey , Nelson Rena , Gunturi Mridula , Montgomery Dean , Ajizian Sam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Neonatal activity is an important physiological parameter in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The degree of neonatal activity is associated with under and over-sedation and may also indicate the onset of disease. Activity may also cause motion noise on physiological signals leading to false readings of important parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate or oxygen saturation or, in extreme cases, a failure to calculate the parameter at all. Here we report on a novel neonatal activity monitoring technology we have developed using a Random Forest machine learning algorithm trained on features extracted from a depth video stream from a commercially available depth sensing camera.

Methods
A cohort of twenty neonates took part in the study where depth information was acquired from various camera locations above and to the side of each neonate. Depth data were processed to provide features indicating changes corresponding to the activity of the neonate and then input into a Random Forest model which was trained and tested using a leave-one-out cross validation paradigm.

Results
Applying the thresholds found in training the Random Forest model during testing with leave-one-out cross validation, the mean (standard deviation) of the sensitivity and specificity of the optimal points and the corresponding area under the receiver operator curve (ROC-AUC) were 92.0% (8.8%), 93.2% (11.1%) and 97.7% (2.5%) respectively. The activity identified by the model also appeared to match well with noisy segments on the corresponding respiratory flow signal.

Conclusions
The results reported here indicate the viability of continuous non-contact monitoring of neonatal activity using a depth sensing camera system.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of chiropractic and physiotherapy for chronic low back pain: a multicenter RCT in Sweden
Authors: Gedin Filip , Skeppholm Martin , Sparring Vibeke , Zethraeus Niklas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy, chiropractic care, and the combination of physiotherapy and chiropractic care compared with information and advice for the treatment of patients with nonspecific chronic low-back pain (CLBP) in Sweden.

Design
A multicentre pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Ten primary care rehabilitation units in Sweden.

Participants
Eighty-eight participants with nonspecific CLBP.

Interventions
The participants were randomly assigned to receive physiotherapy, chiropractic care, combination treatment, or information and advice.

Main outcome measures
This study measured the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), working status, and costs.

Results
The study revealed no statistically significant differences in any of the outcome measures when physiotherapy, chiropractic care, and combination treatment with information and advice were compared (p > 0.05). The ODI changes between baseline and the 6-month follow-up ranged from 6.13 to 12.56 across the treatment groups, indicating reduced disability in all groups. Compared with the other treatment options, the combination treatment resulted in the greatest QALY gain (0.418) and lowest cost (SEK 3,081).

Conclusion
Compared with alternative standalone treatment options, the combination treatment strategy resulted in greater QALY gain and lower costs from a heath care perspective. Although the study did not detect statistically significant differences in outcomes or costs among the treatment options, the combination treatment showed promising potential for cost-effectiveness. Given the small sample size and low statistical power of the study, further clinical trials with fewer treatment arms and a focus on the combination group are warranted to confirm these findings. The insights gained from this study are important for informing the design and conduct of future clinical studies investigating the effectiveness, costs and cost-effectiveness of treatments for CLBP.

Trial registration
The study is registered in the ISRCTN registry (2017-02-20: ISRCTN15830360).
Prevalence of mistreatment in veterinary medical education; a survey of 3rd year veterinary students at a single university
Authors: Barnes Katherine H. , Johnson Stephanie , Liu Chin-Chi , Aulakh Karanvir S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Improving quality of life in veterinary medicine has emerged as an important topic. One factor which may influence quality of life in medical education is mistreatment (verbal abuse, power abuse, and physical abuse to establish and maintain a power hierarchy). Although it has been documented in medical education, its occurrence in veterinary education is not yet known.

Methods
Third year veterinary students were invited to participate in an anonymous and voluntary survey on mistreatment during the preclinical and clinical education. Students were asked if they witnessed and/or experienced a mistreatment, the type of mistreatment, and the person responsible for administering the mistreatment. Quality of life scores were obtained using the Medical Outcomes Trust short form questionnaire (SF-36). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) model followed by pairwise Least Significant Difference post hoc comparison was used to investigate the relationship variables.

Results
Fifty-five of 60 students (91.7%) that completed the questions on mistreatment indicated that they experienced and/or witnessed a mistreatment during veterinary education. 92% of students that experienced a mistreatment said that it interfered with the learning environment but only 29% of students reported the mistreatment at the time that it occurred. The most common mistreatment was public humiliation (78.3%) followed by special treatment based on gender (63.3%) and racially or ethnically offensive remarks (28.3%). Only racially or ethnically insensitive remarks were associated with a lower quality of life score in the social functioning category (p = 0.0131).

Conclusions
Mistreatment frequently occurred during the preclinical and clinical education of veterinary students in this population and interfered with the learning environment. The only mistreatment associated with a lower quality of life score was racially insensitive remarks. Programs to educate students and clinicians/staff about mistreatment and how to handle education in a stressful clinical and a preclinical setting may be of benefit in the future.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Ethnic diversity and inclusiveness among medical residents in the Netherlands: results from a single-centered survey study
Authors: Al-Hassany Linda , Zaal Rianne J. , Stegers-Jager Karen M. , Zandbergen Adrienne A. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of study
Despite the recognized importance of an ethnically diverse healthcare workforce, the current population of medical specialists does not adequately reflect our society. To further unravel how and at which stages of the career path such diversity loss occurs, we studied ethnic diversity and perceptions of inclusiveness among medical residents.

Materials and methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among all residents of Erasmus Medical Center in the highly multicultural city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. An online survey was distributed, in which we inquired about (i) ethnic diversity and (ii) perceptions of inclusivity. The latter outcome includes sense of belonging to the team of supervisors, measured by perceived level of resemblance between residents and their supervisor(s), while focusing on ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic levels. Residents from different specialties were divided into four groups, according to their medical specialty, i.e., surgical specialties, internal medicine specialties, overall diagnostic/supportive specialties, and family medicine & intellectual disability medicine. Descriptive statistics were applied.

Results
From the total of 986 invited residents, 493 (50.0%) participated (median age 32 years [IQR 30–34]), consisting of 346 (70.2%) females. Results showed that the majority, 335 (68.2%) were of Dutch origin, 90 (18.3%) were children of migrants, and 66 (13.4%) were migrants. We observed notable differences across medical specialties, with the highest degree of ethnic diversity in surgical specialties. Except for residents from supportive specialties, residents from other specialties who are (children of) migrants reported significantly more often that they experienced differences on ethnic and/or cultural levels with their supervisors than residents of Dutch origin.

Conclusion
While (children of) migrants were underrepresented in this cohort, especially given the demographic distribution of the region of Rotterdam, a comparison of our results with previously published census data on medical students cohorts indicates no substantial loss of ethnic diversity in the transition from medical student to residency. Yet, these groups scored lower on questions related to sense of belonging.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Mechanical stimulation in plants: molecular insights, morphological adaptations, and agricultural applications in monocots
Authors: Hansen Annalene , Gladala-Kostarz Agnieszka , Hindhaugh Rebecca , Doonan John H. , Bosch Maurice 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Mechanical stimulation, including wind exposure, is a common environmental factor for plants and can significantly impact plant phenotype, development, and growth. Most responses to external mechanical stimulation are defined by the term thigmomorphogenesis. While these morphogenetic changes in growth and development may not be immediately apparent, their end-results can be substantial. Although mostly studied in dicotyledonous plants, recently monocot grasses, particularly cereal crops, have received more attention. This review summarizes current knowledge on mechanical stimulation in plants, particularly focusing on the molecular, physiological, and phenological responses in cereals, and explores practical applications to sustainably improve the resilience of agricultural crops.
Association between antibiotics and treatment efficacy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients
Authors: Braun Avery , Deng Mengying , Hasler Jill S. , Bukavina Laura , Handorf Elizabeth , Abbosh Philip H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic therapy (ABT)-induced dysbiosis may affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy. We investigated the association between ABT and real-world overall survival (rwOS) and progression-free survival (rwPFS) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving ICI or cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CIS).

Methods
Three thousand, one hundred seventy-nine patients were included from a nationwide electronic health record-derived de-identified database. Three-month landmark Kaplan–Meier methods and log-rank tests were used to estimate rwOS/PFS between treatment modalities based on ABT groups (stratified by exposure, timing, excretion mode, and administration route). Cox proportional models with time-varying coefficients were used to investigate the associations between ABT, treatment modality, and rwOS/PFS.

Results
A total of 402 (27.1%) ICI and 655 (38.6%) CIS patients received ABT (p < 0.001). ICI receipt (OR 0.65, p < 0.001) and advanced age (OR 0.98, p < 0.001) were associated with lower ABT use.
ICI exclusive findings included a negative correlation with rwOS in patients who received post-treatment initiated (ICI median: pre—13.2 vs post—7.9 vs none—13.3 months; p = 0.009), oral (median oral—9.6 vs none—13.3 months, p = 0.03), and renally cleared (median renal—9.9 vs none—13.3 months, p = 0.04) ABT.
ABT’s effect was negatively associated with rwOS in ICI patients within first 6 months (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.107–1.74, p = 0.01) but not thereafter (p = 0.7).

Conclusions
This study identified a potential ICI-specific negative correlation between ABT and rwOS in patients with mUC, specifically those exposed to ABT pills and receipt before treatment initiation. These results emphasize the importance of antibiotic stewardship and continued investigation of the role of gut microbiome in mUC treatment efficacy.
Relationship of tobacco smoking to cause-specific mortality: contemporary estimates from Australia
Authors: Joshy Grace , Soga Kay , Thurber Katherine A. , Egger Sam , Weber Marianne F. , Sarich Peter , Welsh Jennifer , Korda Rosemary J. , Yazidjoglou Amelia , Nguyen Mai T H , Paige Ellie , Gourley Michelle , Canfell Karen , Banks Emily 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Tobacco industry activities and reduced smoking prevalence can foster under-appreciation of risks and under-investment in tobacco control. Reliable evidence on contemporary smoking impacts, including cause-specific mortality and attributable deaths, remains critical.

Methods
Prospective study of 178,169 cancer- and cardiovascular-disease-free individuals aged ≥ 45 years joining the 45 and Up Study in 2005–2009, with linked questionnaire, hospitalisation, cancer registry and death data to November 2017. Cause-specific mortality hazard ratios (HR) by smoking status, intensity and recency were estimated, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Population attributable fractions were estimated.

Results
There were 13,608 deaths during 9.3 years median follow-up (1.68 M person-years); at baseline, 7.9% of participants currently and 33.6% formerly smoked. Mortality was elevated with current versus never smoking for virtually all causes, including chronic lung disease (HR = 36.32, 95%CI = 26.18–50.40), lung cancer (17.85, 14.38–22.17) and oro-pharyngeal cancers (7.86, 4.11–15.02); lower respiratory infection, peripheral vascular disease, oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and cancer of unknown primary (risk 3–5 times as high); and coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancers of urinary tract, pancreas, kidney, stomach and prostate (risk at least two-fold); former versus never-smoking demonstrated similar patterns with attenuated risks. Mortality increased with smoking intensity, remaining appreciable for 1–14 cigarettes/day (e.g. lung cancer HR = 13.00, 95%CI = 9.50–17.80). Excess smoking-related mortality was largely avoided with cessation aged < 45 years. In 2019, 24,285 deaths (one-in-every-six deaths, 15.3%), among Australians aged ≥ 45 years, were attributable to tobacco smoking.

Conclusions
Smoking continues to cause a substantial proportion of deaths in low-prevalence settings, including Australia, highlighting the importance of accelerated tobacco control.
Forecasting total and cause-specific health expenditures for 116 health conditions in Norway, 2022–2050
Authors: Kinge Jonas Minet , Øien Henning , Dieleman Joseph L. , Reme Bjørn-Atle , Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo , Godager Geir , Selbæk Geir , Frich Jan C. , Barış Enis , Murray Christopher J. L. , Vollset Stein Emil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This study forecasts total and cause-specific health expenditures in Norway to 2050 and quantifies the contribution of four key drivers—total population growth, population aging, changes in disease prevalence, and cost per case—on future health care spending.

Methods
We forecast spending for 116 health conditions in Norway from 2022 to 2050, using historical and forecasted data of population growth, disease prevalence, gross domestic product (GDP), health spending, and residual factors. Our analysis included a reference scenario that forecasted disease-specific health spending; two alternative scenarios examining the effects of alternative unit cost developments; and a scenario examining the consequences of improved behavioral and metabolic risk factors.

Results
Health spending increased from 10.6% (95% uncertainty interval, 10.2–11.1) of GDP in 2022 to 14.3% (13.0–15.7) in 2050 in the reference scenario. Among the top aggregate causes of Norwegian health spending in 2022, the spending for neurological disorders rose the most, from 1.7% (1.6–1.8) to 2.7% (2.3–3.1) of GDP, surpassing mental and substance use disorders which rose from 2.2% (2.1–2.3) to 2.4% (2.2–2.6) of GDP. Of the 116 single conditions analyzed, dementias accounted for the highest spending in 2022. This expenditure was forecasted to increase considerably from 1.1% (1.09–1.2) to 1.9% (1.6–2.2) of GDP by 2050, largely due to population aging. Spending on other old-age-related conditions like falls, stroke, and diabetes, was also forecasted to increase. Increased population, aging, and spending per case contributed to increased future spending. Reduced behavioral and metabolic risks were forecasted to increase the number of elderly persons and reduce age-specific disease prevalence but had little impact on forecasted health spending.

Conclusions
Health spending growth was forecasted regardless of the scenario, and Norway needs to plan for this. However, policymakers can curb total spending growth, while maintaining health care quality and output, by ensuring more efficient allocation and effective use of resources. While the overall impact of behavioral and metabolic risk reductions on total healthcare spending was modest, reducing risk factors is needed if countries aim to achieve a healthier, longer-living population.