bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living in Anti‐Intellectual Times: Addressing Transgender Inclusion in Second Language Teaching and Teacher Education
Authors: Gray John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt a time of acrimonious debates globally about gender identity and expression, students who identify as transgender (including those who are nonbinary, genderqueer, and gender fluid) are particularly affected. Although erased from the curriculum, they (and the ontological challenge trans people pose to the cisheteropatriarchal gender order in general) are omnipresent in political and media discourse. This can be particularly challenging for teachers who are often unclear about the issues involved and unsure how to support these students to whom they have a duty of care. Despite decades of legislative reform across much of the world with regard to transgender rights, education sectors globally have been hesitant to include gender (and sexual) diversity in the curriculum. This article explores the complex set of reasons as to why this erasure persists in English Language Teaching. In doing so, it addresses the concepts of “reproductive futurism,” “hyper‐reactionary neoliberalism,” “postfascism,” “biological essentialism,” and the commercial logic of global edu‐business as key factors. The article concludes by considering some of the options for teaching and teacher education.
Prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) in shelter‐housed cats in the Central Valley of California, USA
Authors: Chen Daniel , López‐Pérez Andrés M. , Vernau Karen M. , Maggs David J. , Kim Soohyun , Foley Janet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐human animals are natural hosts for the virus causing COVID‐19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) and a diversity of species appear susceptible to infection. Cats are of particular concern because of their close affiliation with humans and susceptibility to infection. Cats also harbour feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Our objectives were to document the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and FECV in feline populations with high turnover and movement among households in the Central Valley of California, USA.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 128 shelter and foster cats and kittens in the Central Valley of California was performed from July to December 2020. PCR was performed on rectal and oropharyngeal samples to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and on rectal samples to detect FECV RNA.ResultsAmong 163 rectal and oropharyngeal fluid samples gathered from sheltered and fostered cats and kittens in central California, SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acids were not detected from any cat or kitten. In contrast, FECV nucleic acids were detected in 18% of shelter‐housed cats; 83% of these positive samples were collected from cats housed in adjacent cages.ConclusionsThese data may be helpful when considering the allocation of resources to minimise the harm of FECV and SARS‐CoV‐2 in household pets and shelter environments.
Mobilities Among Marginalized Youth in Morocco: Precariousness, Agency and Networks
Authors: Idrissi Boutaina Ismaili , Touhtou Rachid , Feixa Carles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe migration flows in the Mediterranean region have often been perceived as both a threat and an opportunity. This chapter delves into the current situation to examine the emerging migration patterns in Morocco, a country in the Southern Mediterranean basin, from the perspective of its role as a sending country. Specifically, our research aims to comprehend the dynamic processes of youth mobility within the Mediterranean basin. We seek to shed light on the migratory tendencies of marginalized youth, focusing on the post-Arab Spring generations, as well as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these movements. This study is grounded in an ethnographic fieldwork conducted among young people residing in Sale, the twin city of Rabat and the capital of Morocco. Employing a qualitative research approach, we engage in life narrative interviews with 22 young individuals who harbor aspirations of migrating. By exploring their life narratives, including their experiences, practices, and discursive imaginaries, our objective is to construct a comprehensive understanding of their lives and identify the factors that compel them to contemplate migration. Through a detailed analysis of these life narratives, we concentrate on the interconnected and often conflicting aspects of migratory trajectories. The aim is to highlight the pivotal role of individual agency in shaping migration culture, examining its sustainability, and uncovering potential alterations. By emphasizing the agency of youth, we aim to contribute to a deeper comprehension of the multifaceted nature of migration within the Mediterranean region.
Capturing Irregular Migrations Through a Macro-sociological Lens: The Harga Process in Twelve Steps from North Africa to Europe
Authors: Musette Mohamed Saib , Maamar Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIrregular migration is a worldwide phenomenon. Each country develops its vision and its actions generally without knowing either the magnitude or the depth of irregular migrations stock and flows. Each actor tries to develop its specific contribution to picture its complexity in the Mediterranean region, the world deadliest zone for migrants. We develop a global method to measure the process of irregular maritime migration in twelve steps from North Africa to Europe. Such a vision is a missing link in the governance of irregular migrations. The first sequence (entry) has three steps. Migration begins with the intention to leave. Then the prospects legitimize the move. Finally, the departure is decided. The final sequence (exit) has three options: installation, return to the country of origin or a new departure. Between these two sequences, we design the “black box” on the sea route, with six steps.This macroscopic view is based on field studies and data produced since this millennium particularly on harga from Maghreb Countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia).Each country can thus find its function in sharing information, hence contributing to the implementation of the first goal of the UN global compact for regular migration.
The Fenced Off Cities of Ceuta and Melilla: Mediterranean Nodes of Migrant (Im)Mobility
Authors: Ferrer-Gallardo Xavier , Gabrielli Lorenzo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis contribution examines the evolution of the border regime of Ceuta and Melilla since the cities joined the EU in 1986, and became crucial Mediterranean nodes of migrant (im)mobility towards the Schengen Area. The logic of border externalization has paved the way for a wide range of controversial migration control practices around the North African cities. These practices have been scrutinized from academic, journalistic and activist perspectives and their analysis has shed light, on the one hand, on the logic of exceptionality that governs the EU border regime in these cities, and on the other, on how both migrants and activists have challenged, denounced and resisted this regime, thus contributing to its constant reconfiguration. The text concludes by analyzing the consequences of two interrelated factors that have acted as vectors of change: firstly, the diplomatic-border “crisis” of May 2021, and secondly, the two years of border closure after the Covid-19 pandemic. Both factors have led to a new reconfiguration of cross-border mobility management in the region and, as the deadly events at the Melilla fence in June 2022 illustrate, to the consolidation of Spanish-Moroccan operational cooperation which entails the recrudescence of migratory obstruction practices at the EU external borders.
Mediterranean Migrations and Cities with Their Cultural Histories and Imaginaries: The Case of Marseille
Authors: Gastaut Yvan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to reflect on the way in which the image of a city, in our case Marseille, is essential in terms of its relationship to otherness. The imaginary of the welcoming city results from a narrative created by historians, along with political and cultural elites, and is hence a complex matter. Marseille is a classic example of the inherent challenge of controlling the image and reputation of a specifically Mediterranean city. We attempt to show how, especially since the beginning of the nineteenth century, the constant flux of migrants arriving at its port has given Marseille a certain vitality, and helped develop an image of cosmopolitanism. However, racism has always lurked in the shadows of this cosmopolitanism: Italian migrants, in particular, have been victims of violence, for instance, in 1881 during the Vespers of Marseille. After examining the principal writings of various orders that have shaped the city’s cosmopolitanism, this study will focus on the intensity of the post-colonial period. At the end of the Algerian War, the city was plagued with isolated attacks by individuals and groups on nationals from Mediterranean countries, such as those from the Maghreb. The situation had deteriorated so much by 1973 that the slightest skirmish could set off a powder keg of hatred. Indeed, the city seemed to be struggling with a supposedly very low “threshold of tolerance”, and it was only the combined will of the municipal elites, and certain cultural and intellectual circles, which led to an improvement in the management of diversity, notably under Vigouroux from 1986 to 1995. Numerous interventions were initiated to create a “living together” urbanity under the slogan of “proud to be Marseillais”, but this urbanity remains fragile, as the representations of Marseille's cosmopolitanism are uncertain and confused.
Infrastructure Development and Environmental Change: A Case Study of Forced (Im)mobility in the Mhamid Oasis (Southern Morocco)
Authors: Sobczak-Szelc Karolina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe growing amount of hydropower production causes changes in both the social and natural environments. The positive impact of it is appreciated by actors outside the project area. At the same time, those living in the affected river basin face most of the negative consequences, often compensated within a benefit-sharing system. Excluded from compensation are, however, those who live in distant areas, even if they lose their life’s assets, which pushes them to forced (im)mobility. This chapter is based on research into the example of the Mhamid Oasis in Southern Morocco between 2015 and 2019. It explores the complex relationship between socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the (im)mobility decision. The results are based on desk research, a micro census, semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews with household heads, environmental field studies, and analysis of available imagery data. The results show that agriculture in the Mhamid area faces environmental constraints that appeared when the delivery of water to the oasis was limited by the construction of the Mansour Eddahbi Dam. As household income from agriculture is related to environmental changes, household members were pushed to income diversification, mostly through mobility. Therefore, Mhamid Oasis also should be covered by the benefit-sharing rule to counteract the negative impact of these changes.
(Im-)Mobility Partnerships: Limits to EU Democracy Promotion Through Mobility in the Mediterranean
Authors: Panebianco Stefania , Cannata Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Arab Uprisings, the relations of the European Union (EU) with the Southern neighbourhood countries (SNCs) were reframed in the light of a new élan of democracy promotion, epitomised in the Communication on a partnership for democracy and shared prosperity (European Commission, A partnership for democracy and shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean, COM (2011) 200 final. European Commission, Brussels, 2011a). The underlying logic of this approach was to leverage the building and consolidation of democracy and rule of law through EU conditional support for Mediterranean partners in terms of more ‘markets, money and mobility.’ This chapter aims to critically analyse cooperation on mobility within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), focusing on the case of Mobility Partnerships (MPs) in the Southern neighbourhood. Existing MPs and EU-SNCs agreements on migration and mobility challenge the mobility-democracy nexus advocated by the EU. When it comes to a trade-off between cooperation with authoritarian governments to ensure stability and democracy promotion, the EU tends to prioritise the former. Looking at the content of MPs with Tunisia, Morocco and Jordan, the chapter draws some useful considerations on the extent to which policy tools such as the MPs are constrained into a stability-democracy dilemma, contending that the EU is unable to promote democracy in the Southern neighbourhood via ‘more mobility’.
Migrants and Refugees in the Mediterranean Cities: Reception, Regulation and Actors – Tunisia a Case Study
Authors: Boubakri Hassen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on the case study of Tunisian cities, this chapter focuses on how these cities have been involved in a variety of initiatives, actions and programs in order to provide assistance and seek to integrate foreign migrants on their territories. The aim is to describe their main patterns of reception and to compare them, when fruitful.The targeted cities are those of the border region with Libya and Sfax and Sousse, with different migratory contexts from one city to another. Two major turning points have been investigated: (1) the migration waves of 2011 which coincided with the “Arab uprisings”, when the cities of South-East Tunisia were in the forefront in welcoming and assisting migrant workers and Libyan families fleeing the war and (2) The Covid-19 global health crisis between 2020–2021, during which many Tunisian cities organized campaigns in aid of migrants in precarious conditions.After having launched, from 2018 to 2021, a process of decentralization and transfer of competences and means from the Centre to the local authorities, the political change of 2021 (presidential coup) has stopped the process by abolishing the Ministry of Local Affairs and attaching the municipalities to the Ministry of the Interior. Many municipal officials expressedfears that Central authorities will return to dominate local communities.
Media, Public Opinion and Migration Policies in Euro-mediterranean Countries: The Case of France
Authors: Ayoub Maysa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIrregular migration from the southern shore of the Mediterranean to the northern shore is on the rise since 2011. This chapter concerns itself with how the media and the public in Northern Mediterranean countries reacted to this movement and how such reaction is concurrent with the policy debate. Focusing on France as a case study of a Northern Mediterranean country, the chapter reviews media coverage, public opinion surveys as well as the parliamentary debates in France between 2013–2016 which signified the peak of the movement. The review indicates that the policy debate as well as the legislation adopted were concurrent with public opinion. The chapter also concludes that the media and public’s perception of immigrants from Southern Mediterranean countries is mostly negative. Such negative perception and the associated policy that restrict migratory movement reflect the asymmetrical power relations between the two shores of the Mediterranean and France’ collective memory of migration. The French public perception of irregular migration is directly linked to the failure of earlier immigration and integration policies. The chapter concludes by pinpointing to the importance of approaching migration in the Mediterranean from a historical perspective.
Gendered Asylum in the Black Mediterranean: Two Nigerian Women’s Experiences of Reception in Italy
Authors: Paynter Eleanor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWomen comprise less than 15% of people crossing the Central Mediterranean, yet their representation in or erasure from accounts of precarious migration influences public notions of migrant deservingness in critical ways. This chapter recognizes European border spectacle as both racialized and gendered and posits the post-arrival reception period as a key site of negotiation of notions of deservingness. Drawing on ethnographic research I conducted in Italian reception centers, I discuss how these dynamics are especially salient in the case of Nigerian women who confront widespread associations of their presence in Italy with sex trafficking. In oral history interviews with two Nigerian women, interviewees described how they navigate “invisible obstacles” during reception: their awareness of others’ assumptions about them affected how they positioned themselves in relation to others, and where they spent time. Situating this discussion within the Black Mediterranean framework, I show how these circumstances are not new aspects of migration “crises” but in fact recall colonial notions of foreignness and blackness. My discussion advocates for an intersectional approach to the study of Mediterranean migration that engages migrant reception as a racialized, gendered set of processes, as well as, for migrants, a period of active, rather than passive, waiting.
Materials and Method
Authors: Pedersen Mette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract48 boys and 47 girls took part in the stratified study. 4–5 pupils came randomly from 3 to 12 school classes, ages 8 to 19 years. All of them had passed a test at the entrance to the school, which included reproducing a rhythm by clapping, repeating tones by singing, and singing a given song (Figs. 3.1 and 3.2) as it is done by others [1]. The tests were also used for determining the type of voice (the voice category) because hormonal changes were thought eventually to be related. The test was necessary to define a standard of the study for comparison with other studies but was later considered without specific influence on the general results. Video analysis showed no neoplasms or other anatomic abnormalities of the larynx for all of them. The Tanner stage of puberty was measured by our pediatrician for the age of each pupil [2, 3].
Top tree amplitudes for higher order calculations
Authors: Campbell John M. , Ellis R. Keith 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present compact analytic results for tree-level amplitudes containing a $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

pair accompanied by up to four massless partons, $$ t\overline{t} gg $$
t

t
¯

gg
, $$ t\overline{t} ggg $$
t

t
¯

ggg
, $$ t\overline{t} gggg $$
t

t
¯

gggg
, $$ t\overline{t}q\overline{q} $$
t

t
¯

q

q
¯

, $$ t\overline{t}q\overline{q}g $$
t

t
¯

q

q
¯

g
, $$ t\overline{t}q\overline{q} gg $$
t

t
¯

q

q
¯

gg
and $$ t\overline{t}q\overline{q}{q}^{\prime }{\overline{q}}^{\prime } $$
t

t
¯

q

q
¯

q
′

q
¯

′

. The results, obtained using BCFW on-shell recursion, are based both on previous published results and on the new calculations performed in this paper. These amplitudes are sufficient to calculate the production of a $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

pair and zero, one, or two light parton jets, with the option to include the tree-level decays t → bνe+ and $$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

→ $$ \overline{b}e $$

b
¯

e
−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

efficiently. Our results are part of the NNLO corrections to $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production including the decay correlations for on-shell top quarks.
Contralateral hamstring autografts do not provide benefit compared to ipsilateral hamstring autografts in primary or revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review
Authors: Vivekanantha Prushoth , Nedaie Soroush , Hassan Zackariyah , Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Carsen Sasha , Nagai Kanto , Hoshino Yuichi , de SA Darren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of primary or revision ACL reconstruction (ACLR) after contralateral hamstring autografts versus ipsilateral hamstring autograft harvest.MethodsThree databases (MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE) were searched from inception to April 27th, 2023 for studies investigating contralateral hamstring autografts in primary or revision ACLR. The authors adhered to the PRISMA and R‐AMSTAR guidelines as well as the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data on demographics, strength measures, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), and rates of positive Lachman test, positive pivot‐shift test and graft rupture were extracted. PROMs included Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner scores.ResultsNine studies comprising 371 patients were included in this review. In primary ACLR, there were no significant differences between contralateral and ipsilateral groups in isokinetic hamstring torque in the non‐ACLR limb or isokinetic quadriceps torque in both limbs when tested at 60, 90, 120 or 180 degrees/second. Isokinetic hamstring torque in the non‐ACLR limb was significantly weaker in the contralateral group at six months for primary ACLR; however, these deficits did not persist. There were no significant differences in postoperative median Tegner scores and Lysholm scores between contralateral and ipsilateral groups in primary ACLR. There were no significant differences in postoperative median Tegner, mean Lysholm and IKDC scores between groups in revision ACLR. There were no significant differences in positive Lachman, positive pivot‐shift and rupture rates in primary ACLR between groups. Rates of positive Lachman and pivot‐shift were slightly higher in the contralateral than ipsilateral group for revision ACLR.ConclusionContralateral hamstring autografts results in comparable muscle strength to ipsilateral hamstring autografts, with the exception of weaker hamstring strengths in the early postoperative period. Patient‐reported outcome measures were similar between the two groups across both primary and revision ACLR, with rates of instability and failure being similar between groups for primary ACLR. Contralateral hamstring grafts do not provide additional benefit when compared to ipsilateral options for either primary or revision ACLR, and should be used only in select circumstances including insufficient ipsilateral hamstring grafts or situations where quadriceps or patella autografts are not optimal.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Convolutional neural networks for melt depth prediction and visualization in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Ogoke Francis , Lee William , Kao Ning-Yu , Myers Alexander , Beuth Jack , Malen Jonathan , Barati Farimani Amir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPowder bed fusion is a method of additive manufacturing (AM) where parts are constructed by iteratively melting metal cross-sections to build complex 3D structures. Defects often form during the printing process, where the dynamics of the melt pool can directly contribute to the formation of porous defects in the final part. For instance, insufficient overlap of the produced melt pools can result in unmelted regions of powder, while deep, unstable vapor depression cavities can lead to spherical voids becoming trapped in the substrate. Therefore, in situ of monitoring the melt pool during the melting process can telegraph the formation of defects and assist the creation of fully dense parts. Here, we augment data-driven-based monitoring techniques to enable the 3D visualization of the melt pool underneath the surface, based on the melt pool surface temperature and processing parameters. Specifically, a convolutional neural network (CNN) predicts the topography of the melt pool and keyhole cavity, based on the surface temperature data near the laser focal point and the nominal operating conditions. The data for the laser powder bed fusion process used to train the model is produced by full-field simulations of the meso-scale melting process, with the CFD software FLOW-3D. Data augmentation techniques are implemented to ensure generalizable performance in cases where the temperature data may be obscured and to ensure sharp, accurate predictions of the melt pool boundaries.