bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Ballet Attitudes”: Nabokov’s Lolita and Petipa’s The Sleeping Beauty
Authors: Sweeney Susan Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nabokov’s novel alludes to various modes of theatrical production, from pantomime, puppetry, commedia dell’arte, opera, and cinema to the embedded text of Clare Quilty’s play The Enchanted Hunters. Lolita refers to dance, in particular, as a form of dramatic expression.
Lolita and the Poetry of Advertising
Authors: Bowlby Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
But the scandalous accompaniments are not confined to later additions and editions. Lolita also has its spoof foreword purportedly written by one John Ray, Jr., Ph.D., both defending the book’s artistic qualities and placing them in the context of worthy moral deterrence: we can be “entranced with the book while abhorring its author” (7). Ray’s concluding paragraph decisively categorizes the work as a “case history” capable of wide and socially beneficial influence : “‘Lolita’ should make all of us-parents, social workers, educators-apply ourselves with still greater vigilance and vision to the task of bringing up a better generation in a safer world” (7).
Interview with Vladimir Nabokov
Authors: Gold Herbert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nabokov arises early in the morning and works. He does his writing on filing cards, which are gradually copied, expanded, and rearranged until they become his novels. During the warm season in Montreux he likes to take the sun and swim at a pool in a garden near the hotel. His appearance at sixty-eight is heavy, slow, and powerful. He is easily turned to both amusement and annoyance, but prefers the former. His wife, an unequivocally devoted collaborator, is vigilant over him, writing his letters, taking care of business, occasionally even interrupting him when she feels he is saying the wrong thing. She is an exceptionally good-looking, trim, and sober-eyed woman. The Nabokovs still go off on frequent butterfly hunting trips, though the distances they travel are limited by the fact that they dislike flying.
Actinomycetes and Antibiotics
Authors: Hopwood David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the start of the 20th century, medical bacteriology was a thriving study, after Louis Pasteur in France and Robert Koch in Germany had pioneered the germ theory of infectious disease in the preceding decades. Medical bacteriologists had clear objectives: to identify pathogenic bacteria and bring the diseases they caused under control. By comparison, soil bacteriology was a fragmented and unfashionable pursuit. It was against this background that Selman Waksman began his career, investigating the biochemical capabilities of a previously obscure and poorly understood group of soil microbes and their contributions to agricultural fertility. As others had done before him, he grappled with the classification of this collection of apparently diverse organisms, described piecemeal from the 1870s onward. Halfway through Waksman’s career came his discovery that these organisms, the actinomycetes, are nature’s most prolific producers of antibiotics. One, streptomycin, was found to cure perhaps the most feared human disease, tuberculosis (TB), caused by the tubercle bacillus that Robert Koch had identified in 1882. As a result, the actinomycetes were to become some of the most important players in applied microbiology as the basis, along with the molds that make penicillin and related compounds, of a multibillion dollar antibiotics industry.
The Switch to Antibiotic Production
Authors: Hopwood David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From a human perspective, the most important biochemical feature of the streptomycetes is their capacity to make antibiotics. From the organism’s point of view, this is an adaptation to competition in the soil, with its teaming populations of microbes and small invertebrates of all kinds. The regulation of antibiotic production is a very sophisticated process, optimized over eons of natural selection to maximize the selective advantage of the organism.
Prologue to George Eliot’s Crimes
Authors: Rodensky Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Taking up the distinction between law and morals in The Concept of the Law, H. L. A. Hart explains:
The most famous attempt to convey in summary fashion their essential difference is the theory which asserts that, while legal rules only require “external” behavior and are indifferent to the motives, intentions, or other “internal” accompaniments of conduct, morals on the other hand do not require any specific external actions but only a good will or proper intentions or motive. This really amounts to the surprising assertion that legal and moral rules properly understood could not ever have the same content; and though it does contain a hint of truth it is, as it stands, profoundly misleading.... None the less there is something of importance caricatured in this confused argument; the vague sense that the difference between law and morals is connected with the contrast between the “internality” of the one and the “externality” of the other is too recurrent a theme in speculation about law and morals to be altogether baseless.
“To Fix Our Minds on That Certainty”
Authors: Rodensky Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consequences”: “a round game, in which a narrative of the meeting of a lady and gentleman, their conversation, and the ensuing ‘consequences’ is concocted by the contribution of a name or fact by each of the players, in ignorance of what has been contributed by others” (OED). Adam Bede is no game, but Eliot’s narrative of the meeting of Hetty Sorrel and Arthur Donnithorne is importantly a narrative of consequences, and it is a narrative in which ignorance (sometimes willful) produces not amusement, or even ridicule, but catastrophe. It is the romance between Hetty Sorrel, the vain and naive milkmaid, and Arthur Donnithorne, young squire and grandson of the landlord, that brings forth such consequences. The result of their secret union is a pregnancy that leads to the great tragedy of the book.
James Fitzjames Stephen and the Responsibilities of Narrative
Authors: Rodensky Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Writing to his friend Lord Lytton in September 1884, Fitzjames Stephen described his current enterprise, a book on one of the best-known stories of English imperialistic tyranny in the eighteenth century. What was absorbing Stephen were the events surrounding the execution of the Maharajah Nuncomar on August 5, 1775, and the participation in those events of Warren Hastings, the then governor-general of Bengal for the East India Company (he presided from 1772 to 1781), and Sir Elijah Impey, the first chief justice of the newly formed Supreme Court of Calcutta and chief justice at the trial of Nun-comar. Here is how Stephen reports those events to Lytton:
It is a most curious story with some of the characteristics of a legal novel about it. First Nuncomar accuses Hastings of bribery, then Hastings accuses Nuncomar of conspiracy. Then a native, one Mohun Persaud, accuses Nuncomar of forgery who is hanged on this accusation and acquitted on the one charge by Hastings. Then Impey is accused of judicial murder before the House of Commons, which after hearing evidence throws out the bills against him. By arrangement I hope to make the whole thing as clear as glass, and in particular to throw light on [illegible] false and ignorant accusations.
Phenomenal Harmonic Rhythm
Authors: Swain Joseph P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first real dimension of harmonic rhythm returns to fundamental assumptions. Harmonic rhythm in general is that perception of rhythm arising from changes in aspects of harmony. Harmony is simply a simultaneous sounding of different pitches; this creates the harmonic phenomenon or chord. So at its most fundamental, harmonic rhythm occurs whenever the pitch collection of any chord changes to create a new chord: this is phenomenal harmonic rhythm.
Bass Pitch Harmonic Rhythm
Authors: Swain Joseph P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tthe allegro middle section of Corelli’s Adagio movement from his “Christmas” Concerto (ex. 4-1) would seem to offer a textbook demonstration of how Walter Piston distinguished harmonic rhythm from melodic rhythm. The first violin flashes with rapid sixteenths, and the other melodies drive with constant eighths, but the triadic motion that most interested Piston is at the half note, much slower. It is very easy to hear the two kinds of motion, since the contrast is great and both motions are consistent. But not perfectly consistent.
Rhythm of Harmonic Functions
Authors: Swain Joseph P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a folksinger strums a guitar accompaniment, voice-leading rarely comes into play, not even unconsciously. The chords are virtually pure harmonic structures; one cannot speak of inner melodic voices, often not even of a bass. Yet the progression harmonizing the vocal melody makes sense in a way that goes beyond simply being consonant with it. The chords themselves have a coherence, an order whose justification is independent of the singer’s melody and certainly independent of the voice-leading conventions associated with contrapuntal harmonic languages. This order, this purely harmonic syntax, is, of course, the hallmark of the so-called common practice period of Western art music.1 The elements of that syntax are harmonic functions.
Rhythms of Non-Functional Harmony
Authors: Swain Joseph P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The harmony of musical languages prevalent in the twentieth century, most of the Renaissance, the Middle Ages, and non-Western traditions is likely to be non-functional. “Nonfunctional” is a somewhat catchall term that covers music whose stable chords either are not triads at all or, if they are, do not have the syntactic relations of tonic, dominant, and subdominant that we hear in Bach, Mozart, and Chopin. Listeners therefore do not sense one chord leading to another in the same way as with the functional languages of the “common practice” period that concerned Walter Piston in his Harmony. Listeners may be entirely unable to predict the next harmonic event in a progression or have little in the way of expectation about it. If they can predict, they predict according to different rules of syntax.
The Human Mind and “Gland H”: Cartesian Models of Mind, Brain, and Nerves
Authors: Martensen Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Descartes and other educated people in the 1500s and early 1600s who wanted to learn about the brain would have encountered two different types of images depending on whether an early modern author approached the body primarily from a philosophical or a medical point of view. Brain illustrations from books emphasizing natural philosophy usually showed a line drawing of a man’s head in profile with three more or less circular areas in its upper half. The illustration from Gregor Reisch’s (1467-1525) popular Margarita Philosophica (Pearl of Philosophy) of 1503 is typical (Fig. 3.1). At first glance such images may look silly to modern eyes, but they seem less strange when one recalls that humoral physiology was about fluids, some of them ethereal, and their interactions with their containers, not about the agency of the body’s solid tissues. Such accounts were widely available in natural philosophy as taught in the schools and universities.
Toward a New Physiology of Human Conduct
Authors: Martensen Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What do Euripides’ Medea and the Virgin Mary have in common? Or, to minimize gender considerations, Odysseus, Medea, and the Virgin Mary? Separated by time and culture, not to mention behavior, they form an incongruous trio, to put it mildly. And yet, in terms of causal explanations their contemporaries might have advanced for crucial moments in their respective lives, they share an important dimension. Specifically, the timing of Odysseus’ homecoming rout of his enemies, Medea’s revengeful slaughter of her children, and Mary’s conception of Jesus, so unlike each other in moral content, nonetheless depended more or less on their respective responses to spirit-like factors existing within them as well as outside of them. Medea and the Virgin Mary acceded to these forces; Odysseus did not. According to Homer, Odysseus finally arrived home in darkness only to observe unruly suitors seeking the hand and fortune of his presumptive widow, Penelope. Initially planning to wait until dawn for his attack, Odysseus almost succumbed to the desire for instant revenge. To quiet his rage and regain reason: “He smote his breast, and thus reproached his heart, Endure my heart; far worse hast thou endured.”
Mind without Brain: John Locke, Thomassydenham, and The Constitutional Body of the British Enlightenment
Authors: Martensen Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is out there? What does it mean? And how far should one go in explaining the mysterious? People in diverse places and times have been asking these questions for as long as human culture has existed. But in cultures experiencing consensus concerning the grounds of knowledge, perhaps not with any urgency. The questions would occur, but the culture would handle them through its existing codes of signification. In early modern Europe, however, the facts were often not “just the facts,” especially from the mid sixteenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth, heydays of the Scientific Revolution and Protestant and Catholic reformations. Then, prominent natural philosophers, theologians, politicians, and ordinary people debated, often acrimoniously, appropriate ways of interpreting the Book of Nature and the Book of God, to use their terms. Consider the following. Sometime in 1650 Anne Greene, a young servant woman who lived near Oxford, became pregnant by the son of her employer. She carried the pregnancy to term and delivered a live infant whom someone else found dead shortly thereafter. In 1651 an Oxford court found her guilty of infanticide and its judge sentenced her to death by hanging. Thomas Willis, surgeon William Day, and their friend William Petty, who then practiced anatomy and later organized a detailed census of Ireland, attended the execution with the intention of dissecting Greene’s corpse.
The Changing Modern Woman
Authors: Segal Sheldon J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a Peanuts cartoon Lucy asks Charlie Brown, “Do you think people really change?” He says, “Sure, I feel I’ve changed a lot this past year.” To this Lucy responds, “I meant for the better!”
Women are changing for the better! Nowhere can society claim that women have achieved equity with men, but in many countries they are gaining a more equal role, greater opportunity to fulfill their hopes and aspirations, and autonomy in decisions concerning their own fertility.
The worldwide decline in total fertility rate (TFR), the number of children a woman has in her lifetime, is based on an average calculated country-by-country, but the real significance of the decline is how it affects the individual woman. Does having fewer children make a difference in her personal life, her family life, or in her community role?Does it make a difference to her biologically?
Population and the Changing Burden of Illness
Authors: Segal Sheldon J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The burden of illness is changing as the age structure of the world’s population changes. The average age is increasing as health improves for a greater proportion of people. The shifting composition of the less developed countries, where most of the world’s people live, will account for most of the changing age structure over the coming decade, but the shift will be particularly prominent in the industrialized nations. By 2010, nearly 1 out of 4 people in Japan will be over 65. The countries of Western Europe will have 20% over 65, and in the United States, the proportion will be almost 15%. This means that health care needs will be gradually shifting into the circumstances of aging—more women in the postmenopausal years, more men with prostate disease, and for men and women a greater incidence of heart disease.
Age distribution is contributory, but the variables that most affect the disease status of people are population-related factors such as urbanization, slum dwelling, and air or environmental pollution.
Repetition and Revenge
Authors: Irwin John T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the story o f t he sutpens , the threat of miscegenation between Bon and Judith is also a threat of brother-sister incest, and it is another brother, Henry, who acts to stop these threats. This archetype of the brother who must kill to protect or avenge the honor of his sister pervades Absalom, Absalom! It occurs, first of all, in the very title of the novel. In the Old Testament (2 Sam. 13), Absalom, one of David’s sons, kills his brother Amnon for raping their sister Tamar. The archetype presents itself again in Quentin Compson, the principal narrator of Absalom, Absalom! From The Sound and the Fury we know that Quentin is in love with his own sister Candace and that he is tormented by his inability to play the role of the avenging brother and kill her seducer. Of the many levels of meaning in Absalom, Absalom! the deepest level is to be found in the symbolic identification of incest and miscegenation and in the relationship of this symbolic identification both to Quentin Compson’s personal history in The Sound and the Fury and to the story that Quentin narrates in Absalom, Absalom!
The Silencing of Rosa Coldfield
Authors: Gwin Minrose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We cannot s ay madness ; madness instead says us. For to interrogate madness—to ask it what it is—is to affirm reason, and thereby to defer the question of madness in the very process of articulating it. Rosa Coldfield shows us just how slippery that very question is—and how dangerous—particularly for the woman whose narrative desire to speak the madness of patriarchy, to say what it is, may lead her to become the spoken. In short, to become herself mad. On the other hand, as Shoshana Felman points out, madness, in its very inexplicability, makes literature what it is “by virtue of the dynamic resistance to interpretation in the literary thing” (Writing and Madness 254).
Allergens Related To Urushiol
Authors: Crosby Donald G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literally thousands of plant constituents affect the skin in some way, from simple irritation to full-blown allergy. Most allergy sufferers are well acquainted with the effects of urushiols and laccols from poison oak, poison ivy, and their toxic relatives, so this chapter will focus on the underlying chemical characteristics of the substances and their occurrence in the plant world (table 5.1).
An Argument for Skepticism
Authors: Unger Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I mean to offer a positive argument for skepticism about knowledge; I do not mean just to raise some doubts, however general, about statements to the effect that people know. The argument to be offered has as its conclusion the universal form of the skeptical thesis, that is, the proposition that nobody ever knows anything to be so. If this argument is sound, as I am inclined to think, then it will follow in particular that nobody ever knows anything about the past or future or even the present, about others or even about himself, about external objects or even about his own experiences, about complicated contingencies or even the simplest mathematical necessities. This, then, is an argument for an extremely strong and sweeping conclusion indeed.
Minimizing Arbitrariness: Toward a Metaphysics of Infinitely Many Isolated Concrete Worlds
Authors: Unger Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A particular fact or event often appears arbitrary and puzzling, until it is exhibited as the outcome of certain causal processes. Usually, though not always, such a causal explanation helps to relieve the feeling of arbitariness, at least for a while. But it is easy and natural for our feeling to reassert itself: We are moved to ask why just those causal processes governed the situation of that fact or event, rather than some others. To deal with this further, larger question, often we can exhibit those causal processes as being, themselves, the results of, or certain specific instances of, prior or more general causalities. Or, much the same, we can redescribe the initial particular fact, and perhaps the cited cause as well, and display the items thus described as an instance of some very general, fundamental law or phenomenon.1
The Cone Model of Knowledge
Authors: Unger Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last twenty years and more, there have been offeredan increasing variety of analyses of knowledge, roughly, of what it is for some one to know that something is so. Generally, these have taken the form of a list of conditions: Each condition in the list must hold true if the person is to know the thing, so each condition is logically necessary. And at least some of the conditions in the list are logically independent of some of the others. But unless all in the list hold true together the person won’t know the thing, so there are at least some conditions that are not logically sufficient. When all the conditions together hold true the person will know, so jointly the conditions in the list are logically sufficient for his knowledge.
Reconciliation Ecology
Authors: Rosenzweig Michael L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today’s dominant strategy of conservation biology is reservation ecology: save the Earth’s natural habitats. However, in many environments, we have already saved about as much natural habitat as we can. A secondary conservation strategy, restoration ecology, supplements reservation ecology. Restoration ecology tries to return some developed places to a more natural status. But the truth is that even less land remains available for restoration than for reservation. The shortage of land turns out to be a critical problem. Because of it, most species, even those apparently now succeeding in our reserves, will eventually vanish. So we cannot rely on the current balance of conservation efforts. Conservation biology must develop a new strategy if it is going to extend and preserve its successes.
Making Money
Authors: Rosenzweig Michael L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Will reconciliation cost money or make money? If I can show that it would make money, no doubt I would need to say little else to make it a wild success. Yet I have to begin the money chapter by insisting that this question must never be allowed to belittle people and their dreams. Yes, the money question is important. But I am certain that we worry about diversity for the best reasons: Aesthetics and Ethics. We think Nature is truly, stunningly beautiful; and we think it is our duty to care for her creatures. Disinterested yet passionate stewardship of the environment and its creatures may not be a religion. Nevertheless it invests human life with a sense of holiness. It declares with the unanswerable logic of beauty, that man counts in the universe.2 Some of us forget that, and peddle diversity as a cure for cancer.
Families
Authors: Black Ira B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dr. Rudick had a precise, antiseptic bearing. Unlike Dr. Finelli, the warm, slightly rotund, avuncular internist, the neurologist, Dr. Rudick, was of a different world. His wire-rimmed glasses and hatpins sticking out of his lapels, his breast pocket ophthalmoscope, and his hip pocket reflex hammer were unsettling, quite unlike the familiar, antique stethoscope that was Dr. Finelli’s concession to medical technology.
Growth that Kills
Authors: Black Ira B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sally squinted at the clock but couldn’t make out the time in the night light they now kept for Enoch. She pulled the clock closer: 3 A.M. As her heart slowed, the dream faded and the day’s memories rushed back. “Oh my God, Dr. Rudick.” It can’t be real. She must be misremembering. Sally became nauseated. Now, she could not avoid remembering the visit to the office.