bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral testing paradigms for chronic hypoxic conditions
Authors: Snyder Brina , Wazir Sabeen , Floyd Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conditions which cause hypoxia are associated with memory impairment but research models to explore the detrimental mechanisms triggered by hypoxia have been limited by the need to perform behavior testing in ambient air. Two tests of working memory, the spatial object recognition task (SOR) and spontaneous alternation in a T-maze (SA) can be minimally modified to test rodent memory within a standard hypoxia chamber to more accurately reflect conditions in which individuals suffer from impaired oxygenation throughout the task (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, etc). Young adult normoxic cohorts perform within the chamber comparably to traditional protocols and the tests are sensitive enough to detect memory deficits under mild hypoxia (15% oxygen). These paradigms will improve the current state of knowledge regarding mechanistic pathways which are impacted during hypoxia.
Electrochemical oxidation of Fe (II) using chlorpromazine drug at boron-doped diamond electrode: application to in vivo mechanism study interaction of chlorpromazine on hemoglobin iron and evaluation of some biomolecules
Authors: Amini Nader , Naderi Kazhal , Ahmadi Abbas , Hassanzadeh Kambiz , Menbari Mohammad-Nazir , Abdi Mohammad , Zarehbin Mohammad-Rezgar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical properties of aqueous chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in the presence of Fe (II) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The results showed that an EC′ reaction mechanism occurs, where electrochemically generated CPZ species (cation radical) is reduced by Fe (II) back to the parent CPZ and Fe (II) oxidized to Fe (III). Based on the electrochemical results, the interaction of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a widely used antipsychotic tranquillizer, with the allosteric protein hemoglobin has been studied. First, four groups of 6 female rats were selected in the weight range of 400 to 450 g. They were injected with different concentrations of chlorpromazine over a 3-week period, and the concentrations of hemoglobin, methemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and hematocrit (HCT) were analyzed in the blood of each rat. After injection of different concentrations of the drug, the amount of hemoglobin) as a source of Fe (II)) decreased but the amount of methemoglobin (as a source of Fe (III) increased. Also, UV spectroscopic measurements in the range of 200–700 nm indicate the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin in chlorpromazine-treated rat compared to the normal sample and there was a direct relationship between increasing the percentage of methemoglobin concentration of chlorpromazine. furthermore, the amount of RBC and HCT were measured. The results showed that the RBC (21.05–56.52%) and HCT (10.04–53.19%) were decreased. Finally, this study demonstrates a new mechanism for the effects of CPZ drug on hemoglobin iron in rat blood base on the electrochemical results.
Exploring anemia in Lupus Nephritis Hepcidin and erythropoietin Connection
Authors: mohamed nourelsabah , Refaie Ayman , Zayed Karem , Mortada Wael , Nabieh Kareem , Sobh Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Hematological abnormalities are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including anemia, which is often attributed to chronic disease. Hepcidin, an iron-regulatory protein influenced by inflammatory cytokines, plays a role in the anemia pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the role of hepcidin in the serum profiles of lupus nephritis patients with anemia.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 lupus nephritis patients at Mansoura University, Egypt. Two groups were identified based on hemoglobin levels: anemia (Hb < 12 g/dl) and non-anemia (Hb ≥ 12 g/dl). Demographic and clinical data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, including t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test.
Results: Both groups had similar ages but differed significantly in gender distribution, with more females in the anemia group. BMI, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension rates were comparable between groups. The duration of lupus nephritis and management approaches did not differ. Biopsy results indicated differences in the class of lupus nephritis, with the majority in the anemia group having class 4 and class 3. Serum chemistry, including serum creatinine, was similar between groups. The anemia group had lower hematocrit, MCH, and transferrin saturation, indicating microcytic hypochromic anemia with low transferrin saturation. Hepcidin levels were high in both groups, with a slightly higher level in the anemia group.
Conclusion: Anemia in lupus nephritis patients is primarily due to iron deficiency, associated with elevated hepcidin levels. Further research is needed to explore these patients' underlying causes of anemia.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Scoping Review of Perceived Threats to Patient Rights and Safety
Authors: BOTHA Nkosi Nkosi , ANSAH Edward Wilson , SEGBEDZI Cynthia Esinam , DUMAHASI Victor Kwasi , MANEEN Samuel , TSEDZE Ivy Selorm , AKOTO Lucy Adjanor , ATSU Fortune Selasi , LASIM Obed Uwumbornyi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Health systems worldwide are facing unprecedented pressure as the needs and expectations of patients increase and get ever more complicated. The global health system is thus,forced to leverage on every opportunity, including artificial intelligence (AI), to provide care that is consistent with patients’ needs. Meanwhile, there are serious concerns about how AI tools could threaten patients’ rights and safety. Therefore, this study maps available evidence,between January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2023, on the perceived threats posed by the usage of AI tools in healthcare on patients’ rights and safety. We deployed guidelines based on that of Tricco et al. to conduct a comprehensive search of literature from Nature, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Dimensions, Ebsco Host, ProQuest, JStore, Semantic Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Emeralds, World Health Organisation, and Google Scholar. In keeping with the inclusion and exclusions thresholds, 14 peer reviewed articles were included in this study. We report that there is potential for breach of patients’ privacy, prejudice of race, culture, gender, social status, and that AI is also subject to errors of commission and omission. Additionally, existing regulations appeared inadequate to define standards for the use of AI tools in healthcare. Our findings have some critical implications for the achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3.8, 11.7, and 16. We recommend that national governments should lead the rollout of AI tools in healthcare, key actors in the healthcare industry should contribute to developing policies on AI use in healthcare, and governments in developing countries should invest and sponsor research into AI in their healthcare system.
Low birth weight among infants and pregnancy outcomes among women living with HIV and HIV-negative women in Rwanda
Authors: Zotova Natalia , Munyaneza Athanase , Murenzi Gad , Kubwimana Gallican , Adedimeji Adebola , Anastos Kathryn , Yotebieng Marcel , CA-IeDEA CA-IeDEA 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
In utero exposure to HIV and/or triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been shown to be associated with preterm births and low birth weight (LBW), but data from low-resources settings with high burden of HIV remain limited. This study utilized retrospective data to describe pregnancy outcomes among Rwandan women living with HIV (WLHIV) and HIV-negative women and to assess the association of HIV and ART with LBW.
Methods
This study used data from a large cohort of WLHIV and HIV-negative women in Rwanda for a cross-sectional analysis. Retrospective data were collected from antenatal care (ANC), delivery, and Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) registries within the Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (CA-IeDEA) in Rwanda. Data from women with documented HIV test results and known pregnancy outcomes were included in the analysis. Analyses for predictors of LBW (< 2,500 g) were restricted to singleton live births. Logistic models were used to identify independent predictors and estimate the odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) measuring the strength of their association with LBW.
Results and discussion
Out of 10,608 women with known HIV status and with documented pregnancy outcomes, 9.7% (n = 1,024) were WLHIV. We restricted the sample to 10,483 women who had singleton live births for the analysis of the primary outcome, LBW. Compared with HIV-negative women, WLHIV had higher rates of stillbirth, preterm births, and LBW babies. Multivariable model showed that WLHIV and primigravidae had higher odds of LBW. Lower maternal weight and primigravidae status were associated with greater odds of LBW. Among WLHIV, the use of ART was associated with significantly lower odds of LBW in a bivariate analysis. Even in a sample of relatively healthier uncomplicated pregnancies and women who delivered in low-risk settings, WLHIV still had higher rates of poor pregnancy outcomes and to have LBW infants compared to women without HIV. Lower maternal weight and primigravidae status were independently associated with LBW. Given that supplementary nutrition to malnourished pregnant women is known to decrease the incidence of LBW, providing such supplements to lower-weight WLHIV, especially primigravidae women, might help reduce LBW.
WITHDRAWN: Effects of TgCtwh3 Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 on neuronal apoptosis and β-amyloid production
Authors: Yang Di , Wang Cong , Tao Qing , Liu Lei , Jin Mengmeng , Zheng Meijuan , Gong Mengtao , Yu Li , Du Jian , Luo Qingli , Shen Jilong , Qin Kunpeng , Chu Deyong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii) has been demonstrated to be a causative agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuronal apoptosis and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation are some of the main pathological features of AD. In recent years, our group found that the main genotype of T.gondii in China is Chinese 1 (ToxoDB#9), and Rhoptry protein16 (ROP16) is an important virulence factor of this type of T.gondii. The effects of ROP16 on hippocampal neurons and β-amyloid have rarely been reported.
Methods
BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with TgCtwh3 ΔROP16 and TgCtwh3 WT tachyzoites, respectively. Tissues from the hippocampal region of mice were taken one week after infection for pathomorphological analysis, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors, apoptosis-related proteins, as well as proteins and genes related to Aβ formation in the hippocampal region of mice were assessed by Western Blotting and qRT-PCR. In vitro experiments, the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was directly infected with TgCtwh3 ΔROP16 and TgCtwh3 WT tachyzoites, and the expression levels of the relevant proteins were analyzed by Western Blotting and immunofluorescence staining, and apoptosis of the infected HT22 cells was determined by flow cytometry.
Results
Histopathological changes showed abnormal morphology and reduced number of neurons in hippocampal zone of infected mice. In addition, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, pro-inflammatory factors as well as APP and BACE1 increased in control group, TgCtwh3 ΔROP16 group and TgCtwh3 WT group. In vitro experiments showed that the protein blotting results indicated that TgCtwh3 and its virulence factor ROP16 could lead to neuronal apoptosis and Aβ generation through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. And the flow results showed that the apoptosis rate of HT22 cells in the three groups increased step by step.
Conclusion
TgCtwh3 ROP16 induces neuronal apoptosis, Aβ production and secretion of inflammatory factors.
Operando Investigation of the Synergistic Effect of Electric Field Treatment and Copper for Bacteria Inactivation
Authors: Jarin Mourin , Wang Ting , Xie Xing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

As the overuse of chemicals in our disinfection processes becomes an ever-growing concern, alternative approaches to reduce and replace the usage of chemicals is warranted. Electric field treatment (EFT) has shown promising potential to have synergistic effects with standard chemical-based methods as they both target the cell membrane specifically. In this study, a lab-on-a-chip device is used to understand, observe, and quantify the synergistic effect between EFT and Cu inactivation. Our results indicate the overall inactivation performance is amplified with increasing Cu concentrations and electric field strengths. The natural residual effect of Cu can also be advantaged with the addition of EFT, and a faster overall disinfection performance can be achieved. Observations in situ, and at a single cell level, ensure us that the combined approach has an enhancement effect leading more bacteria to be weakened by EFT and susceptible to inactivation by Cu ion permeation. To our knowledge, it is the first time that researchers have been able to visually conclude the synergistic effects of EFT-Cu, allowing us to open the door to a multitude of opportunities to further study and better understand how this technology can optimally develop, mature, and scale for its various applications in the future.
Despite structural identity, ace-1 heterogenous duplication resistance alleles are quite diverse in Anopheles mosquitoes
Authors: Labbé Pierrick , Claret Jean-Loup , Di-Liegro Marion , Namias Alice , Assogba Benoît , Makoundou Patrick , Weill Mylene , Koffi Alphonsine , Pennetier Cédric , Milesi Pascal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Anopheles gambiae s.l. has been the target of intense insecticide treatment since the mid-XXth century to try and control malaria. A substitution in the ace-1 locus has been rapidly selected for, allowing resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Since then, two types of duplication of the ace-1 locus have been found in An. gambiae s.l. populations: homogeneous duplications that are composed of several resistance copies, or heterogeneous duplications that contain both resistance and susceptible copies. Heterogeneous duplications confer a permanent intermediate trade-off between the resistance induced by the mutation in the presence of insecticides and the disadvantages it incurs in their absence. So far, a single heterogeneous duplication has been described in An. gambiae s.l. populations (in contrast with the multiple duplicated alleles found in Culex pipiens mosquitoes). We used an innovative approach, combining long and short read sequencing with Sanger sequencing to precisely identify and describe at least nine different heterogeneous duplications, in two populations of An. gambiae s.l.. We show that these alleles share the same structure as the previously identified heterogeneous and homogeneous duplications, namely 203-kb tandem amplifications with conserved breakpoints. Our study sheds new light on the origin and maintenance of these alleles in An. gambiae s.l. populations, and their role in mosquito adaptation.
Accurate predictive modeling of conservation status in animal species using supervised learning
Authors: Aoki Anais , Sethuraman Arun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conservation management to mitigate extinction of wildlife becomes more crucial than ever as global impacts due to anthropogenic activities and climate change continue to create devastation for species around the globe. Despite ongoing efforts to understand species constantly changing population dynamics due to anthropogenic stressors, there is a strong disconnect between conservation research and conservation policy, what is known as the “Conservation Gap”. The International Union of Conservation of Nature, the IUCN, is a globally recognized organization that works to sustain biodiversity by maintaining a ranking of species known as their Red List. However, the IUCN does not currently utilize genetic information to assess species conservation status despite the availability of molecular data. Here we use over 7300 studies collated from the MacroPopGen database, and over 450 published articles from the public repository DataDryad, focused on conservation and population genetics, sampling across a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, and using IUCN classifications to predict species endangerment using machine learning. Our models were able to accurately predict species threat level classified by the IUCN using both measures of genetic diversity and differentiation with IUCN assessment criteria. Our goal is to use these models to help determine and communicate conservation status to practitioners that takes into consideration all available species-specific information.
Predicting the spatial variation in cost-efficiency for agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation programs in the U.S
Authors: Cameron-Harp Micah V. , Hendricks Nathan P. , Potter Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Two major factors that determine the efficiency of programs designed to mitigate greenhouse gases by encouraging voluntary changes in U.S. agricultural land management are the effect of land use changes on producers’ profitability and the net sequestration those changes create. In this work, we investigate how the interaction of these factors produces spatial heterogeneity in the cost-efficiency of voluntary programs incentivizing tillage reduction and cover-cropping practices. We map county-level predicted rates of adoption for each practice with the greenhouse gas mitigation or carbon sequestration benefits expected from their use. Then, we use these bivariate maps to describe how the cost efficiency of agricultural mitigation efforts is likely to vary spatially in the United States.
Results
Our results suggest the combination of high adoption rates and large reductions in net emissions make reduced tillage programs most cost efficient in the Chesapeake Bay watershed or the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri sub-basins of the Mississippi River. For programs aiming to reduce net emissions by incentivizing cover-cropping, we expect cost-efficiency to be greatest in the areas near the main stem of the Mississippi River within its Middle and Lower sections.
Conclusions
Many voluntary agricultural conservation programs offer the same incentives across the United States. Yet spatial variation in profitability and efficacy of conservation practices suggest that these uniform approaches are not cost-effective. Spatial targeting of voluntary agricultural conservation programs has the potential to increase the cost-efficiency of these programs due to regional heterogeneity in the profitability and greenhouse gas mitigation benefits of agricultural land management practices across the continental United States. We illustrate how predicted rates of adoption and greenhouse gas sequestration can be used to target regions where efforts to incentivize cover-cropping and reductions in tillage are most likely to be cost effective.
Behavioral and physiological fatigue-related factors influencing timing and force control learning in pianists
Authors: Takemi Mitsuaki , Akahoshi Mai , Ushiba Junichi , Furuya Shinichi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Acquiring advanced motor skills requires prolonged training, which often leads to neuromuscular fatigue. Optimizing the training regimen depending on fatigue is crucial for the well-being of professionals, such as athletes and musicians, as persistent fatigue can hinder learning and cause neuromuscular injuries. However, accurate assessment of fatigue is challenging because of the dissociation between subjective perception and its impact on motor and cognitive performance. To address this issue, we investigated the interplay between fatigue and learning development in pianists during auditory-motor training by comparing two groups subjected to different resting conditions. Changes in behavior and muscle activity during training were measured to identify potential indicators capable of detecting fatigue before subjective awareness. Our results indicate that motor learning and fatigue development are independent of resting frequency and timing. Learning indices, such as reduction in force and timing errors throughout training, did not differ between the groups. No discernible distinctions emerged in fatigue-related behavioral and physiological indicators between the groups. Regression analysis revealed that several fatigue-related indicators, such as tapping speed variability and electromyogram amplitude per unit force, could explain the learning of timing and force control. Our findings suggest the absence of a universal resting schedule for optimizing auditory-motor learning.
Predictors of atrial thrombosis of persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mazur E. S. , Mazur V. V. , Bazhenov N. D. , Orlov Yu. A. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The clinical significance of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with the development of thromboembolic complications that occur when thrombus from the left atrial appendage enter the systemic circulation. Transesophageal echocardiography can detect the left atrial appendage thrombus, but due to lack of availability, high cost and complexity of performing such a routine examination is unlikely. Therefore, the search for predictors of the left atrial appendage thrombosis is relevant, the presence of which may become the basis for a more in-depth instrumental examination of patients with AF.Aim. To identify predictors of atrial thrombosis in patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.Materials and methods. The 551 patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation underwent transesophageal echocardiography before cardioversion, thrombus in the left atrial appendage was detected in 74 (13.4%) patients. All patients were selected into training (400 people) and validation (151 people) cohorts randomly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of atrial thrombosis in the derivation cohort.Results. Five factors influenced the atrial thrombosis independently. They are the ratio of the transmitral velocity to the mitral annulus early Diastolic velocity (E/e’) ≥ 12 (D), the absence or inadequate Anticoagulant therapy (A), atrial Fibrillation, not flutter (F), left atrial volume Index (I), and age ≥ 75 years (DAFI75 scale). The number of predictors corresponds the risk of detecting atrial thrombosis: the area under the characteristic curve was 0.818 (0.768–0.868) in the derivation cohort and 0.847 (0.761–0.934) in the validation cohort. The sensitivity of the DAFI75 criterion ≥ 3 in the derivation and validation cohorts is 91.7 and 92.9%, the specificity is 58.8 and 65.7%, the predictive value of a positive result is 28.2 and 21.7%, and the predictive value of a negative result is 97.6 and 98.9%.Conclusion. The presence of three or more predictors score DAFI75 allows predicting the absence of atrial thrombosis more than in 97% of case.