bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Intersection of Racism, Immigration, and Child Health
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Linton Julie M. , Falusi Olanrewaju 
Published: October 2023

Immigration is a critical aspect of life and society in the United States. Factors such as one’s nativity (ie, where one is born), the migration journey, and immigration status are crucial social determinants of health that affect legal, logistical, cultural, and language access to health insurance and health care. This chapter defines terms needed to understand relationships between immigration, racism, and child health; provides an overview of how immigration policies contribute to racially founded child health inequities; and offers recommendations to mitigate structural racism and discrimination against immigrant children and families.
Keywords: nativism, xenophobia, colorism, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), medicolegal partnership
Public Health: Disparities and Inequities in Your Community
Authors: Sharfstein Joshua M. , Spencer Michelle 
Published: October 2023

Pediatric health professionals are uniquely positioned to explain 2 fundamental insights: child and adolescent health depends on a safe physical and social environment, and this environment has been warped over time by racism. Beyond providing high-quality patient care, pediatric health professionals can engage in their communities to counter structural racism and improve health conditions. Critical roles for pediatric health professionals include identifying and analyzing racial inequities at the community level and developing and advocating for practical and effective solutions.
Keywords: public health, equity, advocacy
Understanding Racism and Adolescence
Authors: Abraham Anisha , Trent Maria 
Published: October 2023

Racism is a system of oppression that categorizes and stratifies people into “races” and creates adverse childhood experiences that undermine healthy development and the well-being of adolescents and families through differential treatment resulting in social disadvantage. Pervasive racism exists in societies around the globe, but it has been so distinctly codified into the American experience that it has been identified as a US public health emergency. Pediatric health professionals, parents and caregivers, and others who work with adolescents need to be sensitive to teenage development, including the critical role of racial socialization as a mediator for their experiences of racism and the need to foster positive identity development. Early intervention through screening before adolescence, conversations that recognize and acknowledge unique injustices faced during adolescence, and thoughtful scaffolding by parents and caregivers can help adolescents navigate and counter the adverse physical, emotional, and social effects of racism as they approach autonomy.
Keywords: adolescence, racism, development
Treaties, Public Health Service, and Health Status of Native American Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Authors: Burns Joseph , Empey Allison 
Published: October 2023

Since the first European contact, Native American populations have experienced inequities in health. Although the evidence lags because of underreporting or misclassifying of race and ethnicity data, there are egregious inequities in American Indian/Alaska Native child health reports relative to the general population. These health inequities are driven by historical and current systemic racism and result in exposure to adverse childhood experiences, including psychological and physical abuse, violence, or substance use, manifesting in an intergenerational and epigenetic predisposition to poor health outcomes. Pediatric health professionals, allied health professionals, and community partners are essential in helping identify children at risk for health inequities and advocating for policies combating structural racism.
Keywords: American Indian/Alaska Native, health inequities, historical trauma
Control and inclusivity
Authors: Joubert Aurélie , de Jong Karlijn 
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses Dutch secondary education language teachers’ attitudes towards multilingualism with a particular focus on the concepts of classroom control and inclusivity. The Netherlands is composed of regions with various degrees of multilingualism: areas traditionally perceived as monolingual, an officially bilingual province and linguistically diverse cosmopolitan urban centres. By means of a qualitative analysis of ten semi-structured interviews with language teachers working in the different regions, this research examines the type of discourse used to describe multilingualism and the potential implementation of multilingual practices in the classroom. With the use of methods from Critical Discourse Analysis, a patchwork of ideologies reveals how attitudes about non-official varieties and languages deemed ‘too different’ from the expected standard language are expressed. The analysis shows that teachers in areas with little migration-induced multilingualism emphasise in particular their hypothetical difficulty when dealing with an aspect of the pupils’ competence that they cannot control. The interview data also sheds light on the topic of linguistic inclusivity which encompasses not just the acknowledgement of the pupils’ backgrounds but also the teachers who fear feeling left out by a multilingualism that goes beyond what they are familiar with.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DOXORUBICIN ANCHORED PLGA NANOPARTICLES AGAINST BREAST CANCER
Authors: Tarun Kumar, Vinay Pandit , Ranjit Singh  
Published: October 2023

The objective of this work was to design and develop Poly (D, L-Lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) of Doxorubicin for the effective treatment of breast cancer. The nanoparticles (NPs) were optimized by applying a Box-Behnken design (BBD) using Design-Expert® Software and prepared using the double emulsification and precipitation method. Three independent factors such as PLGA 50:50 (A), PVA (B), stirring speed (C) were considered. Three dependent responses included entrapment efficiency (Response 1), particle size (Response 2) and Doxorubicin release at 10th hour (Response 3). ATR and DSC studies indicated compatibility between the drug and polymer. The morphological studies performed by SEM showed uniform and spherical shaped discrete particles with smooth surface and in a size range of 282.6 nm. X-ray diffraction was performed to confirm the crystalline nature of the drug after encapsulation. The NPs exhibited a zeta potential of 21.6 mV. In vitro release studies showed a drug release up to 10 hrs. The release kinetics study indicated first order kinetics while the release mechanism followed Higuchi model. The cell viability was found to be more than 80% after incubation with the DOX NPs for 24 h up to a concentration of 80 μg/ml. The DOX NPs treated MCF-7 displayed intrinsic cell damage and cell shrinkage as compared to the control group. It may be concluded from the present investigation that PLGA NPs bearing doxorubicin can effectively treat the breast cancer
Legal characteristics of internal financial audit as a tool for public management of the quality of public finances (financial management)
Authors: Petrova I. V. 
Published: October 2023

The article examines the legal regulation of internal financial audit in relation to the system of state management of public finances. A legal and economic parallel is drawn between public financial management in economic and legal terms. According to the author, quality management is carried out in the following areas of public finance management assessment: quality of management organization in the field of public finance; the quality of the use of public resources. While internal financial audit contributes to the improvement of financial management and is aimed at minimizing risks in the implementation of budgetary procedures, the formation of proposals and recommendations for the effective management of «budgetary processes» in the course of financial management.The legal essence is considered and the types of budgetary procedures are identified, in the context of which the budgetary powers of the main administrators of budgetary funds are exercised.
Digital Ruble as a Factor in Strengthening the Monetary Sovereignty of the State
Authors: Perepelitsa M. A. 
Published: October 2023

The development of technology in the modern world has led to a change in the form of money from commodity, metal and paper to digital. The digital ruble opens up new opportunities and prospects for the state in the field of financing public tasks and functions. One of these is the opportunity to solve the problem of cash security in the public sector of the economy, while avoiding inflation, as well as dollar and export-commodity dependence of the national currency. The article proposes to create two digital platforms based on the digital ruble: a closed one for servicing government payments and an open one for payments made on private consumer markets; the rules for converting the digital ruble are considered; the position on the digital ruble as a new revenue source for financing government purposes is substantiated. As a result, it is noted that the use of the full potential of the digital ruble is a factor that strengthens the internal monetary sovereignty of the state.
The role of the Bank of Russia in regulating the financial market in the context of sanctions policy
Authors: BYLA A. B. 
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the current state of the financial market as one of the most important elements of the financial system. The ways and possibilities of further development of the financial market in the conditions of the strict sanctions policy of many states in relation to the Russian Federation have been studied. The article indicates the ways of further improvement of the financial market as one of the most important institutions that ensure national and economic security. It is noted that a large role in the regulation of the financial market is assigned to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as a mega-regulator of financial markets. The paper also identifies certain segments of the financial market that are of paramount importance for the state and require modernization to the greatest extent, and which, according to the state’s plan, will contribute to ensuring a decent standard of living for the population. The main techniques and methods of regulation in the financial market are analyzed and it is concluded that in order to achieve the development of the main institutions of the financial market, it is necessary to ensure the economic security of the subjects of the domestic financial market, which is an urgent task of the state.
The financial legal regulation of the securities market of The People’s Republic of China
Authors: Karpov K. A. 
Published: October 2023

The article deals with issues related to the formation and development of the securities market in the People’s Republic of China. The features of the financial and legal regulation of this market are studied, taking into account the concept of «One country, two systems». Attention is paid to the financial and legal regulation of the securities market in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. The genesis of the securities market of this territory has been studied. The author points out that Hong Kong, being previously a colony of the British Empire, retained the Anglo-Saxon legal system and financial and legal regulation of the securities market independent from mainland China. The article also discusses the further development of the cryptocurrency market in China and Hong Kong. The author notes that at present, due to unfriendly actions towards Russia by a number of foreign states and international organizations, Russian legal entities are becoming more interested in expanding cooperation with China, taking into account the «yuanization» of the world economy, which in turn confirms the need for further study regulation of China’s securities market.
Monitoramento da periodicidade dos exames relacionados à saúde da mulher na Atenção Básica
Authors: Luísa Torres Duque Brida , Freitas Küster Lara , Gomes Nascimento Janaína , Teixeira da Costa Fabiana , Nascimento do Prado Thiago , Maia Martins Sales Carolina , Serra Lazarini Welington 
Published: October 2023

Foi observado que o rastreamento do câncer a partir do exame citopatológico e da mamografia é uma das atribuições dos enfermeiros na atenção básica. No território, muitas mulheres não realizam preventivo e as que realizam não retornam para buscar os resultados, ocasionando atraso no tratamento. Identificamos a necessidade de criar um instrumento para auxiliar a mulher quanto a periodicidade dos exames, incentivando a participação popular nos cuidados de saúde. Neste sentido, o objetivo é relatar a experiência da elaboração de um cartão para orientação e controle da periodicidade dos exames para detecção do câncer de mama e de colo uterino e a inserção e distribuição do instrumento durante ação educativa coletiva na unidade. Realizamos reuniões para identificarmos os pontos a serem abordados no cartão e revisões bibliográficas sobre a temática. O instrumento intitulado como “Cartão Rastreio câncer de mama e de colo uterino”, possui espaço para a identificação do paciente, explicação sobre a periodicidade dos exames e estilo de vida saudável. Destinamos ao profissional páginas para o preenchimento relacionado aos exames de rastreios realizados por essa paciente ao longo da vida. Concluímos que o instrumento proporciona o melhor monitoramento dos preventivos e das mamografias realizadas e contribui para a atuação profissional.
Fortyfikacje zachodniego pogranicza Związku Sowieckiego w latach 1918–1939
Authors: Cutter Zdzisław 
Published: October 2023

Szkic eksploruje stałe umocnienia fortyfikacyjne zwane „Umocnionymi Rejonami”, a nieoficjalnie „Linią Stalina”, która powstała na zachodnim pograniczu Związku Sowieckiego w latach 1929–1939. Sowiecka teoria wybudowania na całym pograniczu zachodnim systemu fortyfikacyjnego zakładała osłonę najważniejszych kierunków operacyjno-strategicznych: Leningradu, Moskwy i Kijowa. Podstawę linii umocnień według planów sowieckich stanowił UR. Odpowiadał liczebnie brygadzie piechoty, z silnym wyposażeniem w środki ogniowe, dorównujące korpusowi. Ogólnie rzecz ujmując, typowy UR rozciągał się na długości od 100 do 180 km (średnio 140 km) oraz głębokości od 30 do 50 km (średnio 42 km) i miał zróżnicowany charakter. Okres budowy „Linii Stalina” obejmował lata 1929–1939, jednak można w nim wyróżnić dwa charakterystyczne etapy, mianowicie: pierwszy – to lata 1931–1934, w których zbudowano pierwsze trzynaście UR w miarę możliwości z pełnym wyposażeniem; drugi – w latach 1936–1939, kiedy postanowiono zamknąć istniejące luki między trzynastoma UR poprzez budowę następnych ośmiu, dodatkowo wzmocnić fortyfikacje ciężką artylerią umieszczoną w bunkrach flankujących oraz zakończyć formowanie załóg. Rozbudowa rejonów umocnionych trwała prawdopodobnie do końca sierpnia 1939 r., po czym została przerwana na wyraźny rozkaz Józefa Stalina. Należy sądzić, iż decyzja ta wynikała m.in. z podpisania 23 sierpnia 1939 r. paktu Ribbentrop–Mołotow. Można jednocześnie skonstatować, iż wschodni sąsiad, a następnie agresor Polski z 17 września 1939 r. posiadał na swoim zachodnim pograniczu dobrze rozwinięty system fortyfikacyjny. Natomiast od 28 czerwca 1940 r. stanowił on nową linię umocnień zwaną „Linią Mołotowa”.
CBCT Evaluation of Canal Transportation &amp; Centering Ability of E-Flex Gold, Versus ProTaper Next and XP-Endo Shaper Rotary NiTi files in Preparing Curved Root Canals: A randomized in vitro study
Authors: Shadeed Saleem 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to compare:
1. The Canal Transportation of E-Flex Gold (full sequence system), ProTaper Next (full sequence system), and XP-Endo Shaper (Single file System) in curved canals in three levels (apical, middle, and coronal).
2. The Centering Ability of E-Flex Gold (full sequence system), ProTaper Next (full sequence system), and XP-Endo Shaper (Single file System) in curved canals in three levels (apical, middle, and coronal).
The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats
Authors: Panprom Chattida , Pattanapon Nakrob , Petchdee Soontaree 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the assessments of cardiovascular risk during general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the effects of an anesthetic drug on HRV in cats and to provide information for clinical applications. Twenty-four healthy client-owned cats of various breeds, 12 females and 12 males scheduled for elective surgery, were enrolled in this study. The cats were premedicated and induced with 4 protocols: protocol 1, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and propofol (2-4 mg/kg); protocol 2, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1-3 mg/kg); protocol 3, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (3-5 mg/kg); and protocol 4, xylazine (1 mg/kg) and tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil) (5 mg/kg). The heart rate and HRV of the 24 cats were collected before and at least 1 hour after administering the anesthetic drugs. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate heart function. Doppler was used to obtain the mean blood pressure. After anesthetic drug administration, higher heart rates were found in cats premedicated and induced with alfaxalone (p = 0.045) than in the other protocols. The lowest heart rate (HR) values were found in cats in protocol 4 using xylazine and Zoletil. The HRV low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power ratios increased in all protocols except for cats premedicated and intubated with propofol. The standard deviation of the regular sinus beats (SDNN) was higher in cats premedicated and induced with ketamine than in other anesthetic protocols (p=0.015). An increase in sympathetic activity and reduced heart rate variability is associated with high blood pressure and left atrial dimension. The percentage of fractional shortening (FS) decreased in cats premedicated with ketamine. The results showed that the anesthesia method using diazepam and propofol was more effective in maintaining cardiovascular function than other anesthesia methods that were used in this study.
Modeling of Fring Process of Soft Recoil Artillery Firing Based on Interval Uncertainty Parameter Identification
Authors: WANG HUIMIN , XIAO ZIQIANG , HAN XIAOPING , JIA YIZHUO , SUN JIANWU 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Artillery soft recoil firing technology is a significant path to the reduction of recoil from artillery fire. To investigate the working characteristics affecting the soft recoil artillery, this paper, taking a soft recoil artillery as the research object, proposes a new multi-flow port braking machine structure integrating the central flow port and the variable depth barrel wall groove, and establishes the Bernoulli Equation of the braking machine integrating the flow distribution characteristics through CFD fluid simulation, thereby improving the model accuracy of the braking machine. On this basis, this paper further establishes an uncertainty parameter identification model for the soft recoil gun firing process based on the interval uncertainty theory and genetic algorithm, and the typical parameters of the soft recoil artillery gun are identified with one shot actual measurement data. The similarity between the simulation results using the identification results and the experimental data can be up to 92.78%. Furthermore, by comparing and verifying the second and third shot tests, the corresponding simulation results are comparable to the launch test results. According to the comprehensive identification and validation results, the results can better reflect the firing process under the two test conditions, which indicates that the modeling is accurate and the identification results are valid, thereby providing theoretical guidance for the design of soft recoil artillery systems.
Protein structuromics: New observations for translational medicine research in lung cance
Authors: Xiao Nan , Wang Zhina , Zhang Jing , Wang Jin , Li Yingxin , Li Chi , Liu Kang , Chen Zhibo , Yin Chaoqun , Wang Ziyin , Gan Dingzhu , Wang Hongwu , Zhang Nan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumour of the lung caused by genetic damage to the DNA of airway cells, often exacerbated by cigarette smoking or inhalation of damaging chemicals. Despite advances in molecular biology and treatment, there are still many questions that need to be answered regarding lung cancer occurrence and the underlying mechanism. In this study, we assessed the protein structural features of 20 oncogene-related and 20 anti-oncogene-related proteins via protein sequences, folding rate, structural and dynamic analysis methods. Our results directly indicated that oncogene-related group proteins show more stable-complex structures than anti-oncogene-related group proteins. When a tumour occurs or different treatments are administered, cell microenvironment changes in the lungs are always more complex than the normal situation. Additionally, oncogene-related proteins comprise more kinds of packet-type proteins than anti-oncogene-related proteins. Even if the structures of the two groups of proteins are disrupted, more unfavourable group proteins persist and refold faster to achieve their correct shape and perform their functions more quickly than favourable group proteins; thus, the former support cancer development. We hope that these analyses will contribute to the understanding of the developmental mechanism of lung cancer and inform the design of new treatments.
Languages with more speakers tend to be harder to (machine-)learn
Authors: Koplenig Alexander , Wolfer Sascha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Computational language models (LMs), most notably exemplified by the widespread success of OpenAI's ChatGPT chatbot, show impressive performance on a wide range of linguistic tasks, thus providing cognitive science and linguistics with a computational working model to empirically study different aspects of human language. Here, we use LMs to test the hypothesis that languages with more speakers tend to be easier to learn. In two experiments, we train several LMs – ranging from very simple n-gram models to state-of-the-art deep neural networks – on written cross-linguistic corpus data covering 1293 different languages and statistically estimate learning difficulty. Using a variety of quantitative methods and machine learning techniques to account for phylogenetic relatedness and geographical proximity of languages, we show that there is robust evidence for a relationship between learning difficulty and speaker population size. However, contrary to expectations derived from previous research, our results suggest that languages with more speakers tend to be harder to learn.