bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust evolution by chemisputtering during protostellar formation
Authors: Borderies Antonin , Commerçon Benoît , Bourdon Bernard 
Published: January 2025

Context. Dust grains play a crucial role in the modeling of protostellar formation, particularly through their opacity and interaction with the magnetic field. The destruction of dust grains in numerical simulations is currently modeled primarily by temperaturedependent functions. However, a dynamical approach could be necessary to accurately model the vaporization of dust grains.
Aims. We focused on modeling the evolution of dust grains during star formation, specifically on the vaporization of the grains by chemisputtering. We also investigated the evolution of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic resistivities and the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities influenced by the grain evolution.
Methods. We modeled the evolution of the dust by considering spherical grains at thermal equilibrium with the gas phase, composed only of one kind of material for each grain. We then took into account the exchange processes that can occur between the grains and the gas phase and that make the grain size evolve. We considered three materials for the grains: carbon, silicate, and aluminum oxide. Given a temporal evolution in temperature and density of the gas phase, we computed the evolution of a dust grain distribution. This evolution was then used to compute the non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic resistivities and the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities.
Results. We observed a significant dependence of the sublimation temperature of the carbon grains on the dynamical evolution of the gas phase. The application of our method to trajectories where the temperature and density of the gas decrease after the sublimation of a portion of the grain distribution highlights the limitations of current vaporization prescriptions in simulations.
Conclusions. The dynamical approach leads to more accurate results for the carbon grain quantity when the temperature and density of the gas evolve quickly. The dynamical approach application to collapse and disk evolution is then foreseen with its integration into hydrodynamic simulations.
Expansion of the known host range of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in captive wildlife at Beijing Zoo
Authors: Zhao Qianming , Pei Zhiyang , He Yongqiang , Jia Ting , Zhang Yanzhen , Zheng Mengjun , Zhang Zhenjie , Qi Meng 
Published: January 2025

Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are significant zoonotic parasites that cause diarrhea and affect a diverse range of hosts. This study aimed to investigate the infection rates of these parasites in captive wildlife at Beijing Zoo. A total of 445 fecal samples were collected and analyzed using PCR. The infection rate of G. duodenalis was 3.82% (17/445), with assemblage A (n = 1), assemblage B (n = 13), and assemblage E (n = 3) identified. The infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 0.22% (1/445), with only one instance of C. ryanae identified from cattle (Bos taurus). To the best of our knowledge, this study enhances the understanding of the host range of G. duodenalis in captive wildlife within China, highlighting infections in Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac), Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), and Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). These findings indicate that the infection rates of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in captive wildlife at Beijing Zoo are low, while showing that the known host range of G. duodenalis is expanding.
Evaluation of Tele-Education in Malawi for Detection of Macular Features Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Zungu Thokozani , Mdala Shaffi , Twabi Halima Sumayya , Kayange Petros , Gelisken Faik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to assess the reliability of tele-education in training a Malawian ophthalmology resident to interpret optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of patients with macular conditions.
Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 1000 macula-centered OCT image series from 1000 eyes of 1000 consecutive patients from Malawi, which involved initial interpretation by a German retina specialist (observer 1) (T0). Observer 1 then trained a Malawian resident (observer 2) via email, and observer 2 independently interpreted images at T1, followed by face-to-face training in Malawi and reinterpretation at T2 and T3 (3-month intervals). The observers had to recognize, on OCT imaging, the normal macular structure, vitreofoveal traction (VFT), absent fovea depression (FD), epiretinal membrane (ERM), lamellar macular hole (LMH), full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), foveoschisis, intraretinal pseudocyst (IPC), intraretinal hyperreflective foci (IHF), subretinal fluid (SRF), pigment epithelial detachment (PED), and drusen. Cohenʼs Kappa statistic measured inter-observer agreement.
Results At T1 post-tele-education, almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.86; 99.6% agreement) was observed for FTMH. Agreement remained high at T2 post-face-to-face training (κ = 0.9; 99.7%) and decreased substantially at T3 (κ = 0.77; 99.4%). Following tele-education (T1), substantial agreement (κ range: 0.77 – 0.86) was found for IPC, PED, IHF, and FD, while ERM showed fair agreement (κ = 0.33; 81%). Face-to-face training notably improved agreement for SRF (T1 κ = 0.6, T2 κ = 0.63), LMH (T1 κ = 0.6, T2 κ = 0.67), and normal macular structure (T1 κ = 0.6, T2 κ = 0.62).
Conclusion There was good agreement in the detection of the majority of the OCT features seen in most of the macular pathologies following training through tele-education and the results did not change significantly following face-to-face teaching. Tele-education could reliably complement training in vitreoretinal diagnostic skills in resource-limited settings.
Interessengesteuertes Framing: Die Sprache der Nikotinindustrie
Authors: Posch Waltraud , Ulbricht Sabina , Hanewinkel Reiner 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDer Konsum konventioneller Tabakprodukte ist seit Jahren rückläufig. In der Folge hat sich die Tabak- und Nikotinindustrie neue Märkte erschlossen und führt nun eine Reihe verschiedener Nikotinprodukte in ihrem Portfolio. Es soll dargestellt werden, wie die Nikotinindustrie gezielt die Sprache dazu nutzt, Bewusstsein zu schaffen und neue Nikotinprodukte als vermeintlich weniger risikoreich zu charakterisieren als traditionelle Tabakprodukte.Das interessengesteuerte Framing der Tabak- und Nikotinindustrie wird anhand zentraler Begrifflichkeiten, die die Industrie eingeführt hat, exemplifiziert.Von der Tabak- und Nikotinindustrie eingeführte Begriffe wie „risikoreduziert“, „rauch- und tabakfrei“, „dampfen“, „alternative Produkte“ können als gezielte Marketingstrategie verstanden werden, die das Risiko, das mit dem Konsum von E-Zigaretten, Tabakerhitzern und anderen Produkten verbunden ist, verharmlosen.Die Tabak- und Nikotinindustrie hat es erreicht, dass sich für die neu eingeführten Nikotinprodukte eine freundliche und beruhigende Terminologie durchgesetzt hat. Es ist eine große Herausforderung, diese Begriffe durch eine Nomenklatur zu ersetzen, die die Gesundheitsrisiken, insbesondere die Abhängigkeits- und Gesundheitsgefahr des Konsums dieser Nikotinprodukte adäquat beschreibt. Entsprechende Vorschläge werden unterbreitet.
The Vagoaccessory Triangle (VAT): The Arena of ELITE
Authors: Liyadipita Nishanta M. , Uddanapalli Srinivasan S. , Hewage Lakmal K. , Galappaththi Perera M. , Pakshage Ananda Lal C. Dewa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction Lesions in the cerebellomedullary angle, anterolateral aspect of lower brainstem, and anterior foramen magnum can be accessed through far lateral approach and extreme lateral infrajugular transcondylar exposure. Detailed anatomical knowledge of this region is of paramount importance to avoid untoward complications.
Objective Comprehensive anatomy of this microsurgical corridor is sparse. Our aim was to define the anatomy of this region with relevance to the surgical approach, which would enable the surgeon to navigate this region with ease during surgery.
Materials and Methods Cadaveric dissection was performed with focus on the various anatomical structures, which are of relevance to the operating surgeon. The same was correlated with the computerized scan and magnetic resonance imaging brain findings and intraoperative findings. The observations are presented.
Discussion Through the far lateral approach, the vagoaccessory triangle (VAT) and three subtriangles within it are exposed. Lateral boundary of the VAT is formed by the spinal accessory nerve, which follows a superolateral trajectory toward the jugular foramen. Medial boundary is formed by the medulla oblongata. Superior boundary is formed by the vagus nerve, which courses horizontally toward the jugular foramen. Rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve divide the VAT into infra-hypoglossal, supra-hypoglossal, and hypoglossal–hypoglossal subtriangles. The floor is formed by the inferior clivus, anterior foramen magnum, occipital condyle, and jugular tubercle. The roof is formed by the dura covering the lower part of the posterior fossa, biventral lobule, and tonsil of the cerebellum. The VAT contains three cisterns compartmentalized by three membranes, three nerves, and a fourth segment of vertebral artery (V4) with its three branches, in three subtriangles. Cisterns are the premedullary, lateral cerebellomedullary, and posterior cerebellomedullary. Membranes are the medial pontomedullary membrane, lateral pontomedullary membrane, and denticulate ligament. Nerves are the rootlets of hypoglossal, cranial accessory, and first cervical nerve. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior spinal artery, and posterior spinal artery are the three branches of V4.
Conclusion Detailed knowledge of each anatomical structure and its relationship would enable the surgeon to operate safely within the corridors naturally present in this region.
Simulated alignment method for suppressing tilt-to-length coupling noise in space gravitational wave telescopes
Authors: Huang Lanjun , Yu Miao , Wu Yanxiong , Li Jiancong , Li Hongbo , Zou Donglan , Liu Yinghong , Lin Lintong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Space gravitational wave telescopes are critical in achieving precise interstellar laser interferometry. The coupling coefficient is a key metric for evaluating the ultimate performance of a telescope. However, alignment errors during the assembly phase can degrade the wavefront quality of the telescope, intensify coupling noise, and impair overall performance. Currently, no alignment scheme specifically targets the coupling-noise coefficient of telescopes. To address this, this study proposes a sensitivity matrix model that relates misalignment to the coupling coefficient and establishes clear sampling criteria for coupling noise at the exit pupil of the telescope. The model incorporates second-order correction terms, enabling a more accurate characterisation of the relationship between misalignment and tilt-to-length coupling-noise coefficients. Based on this model, an alignment scheme was developed using the coupling coefficient as the evaluation metric. Owing to the significant differences in the magnitudes of sensitivity among different misalignments and their mutual coupling effects, the predicted alignment parameters often differ substantially from the actual values. To resolve this issue, a misalignment grouping strategy was proposed to reduce prediction errors. Additionally, an iterative algorithm and a sequential adjustment strategy for components were provided to ensure alignment effectiveness. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified using a typical space gravitational wave telescope model. Experimental results show that the method successfully aligned 500 randomly misaligned samples, with all samples satisfying the requirement of a coupling noise of less than 25 pm μrad−1 after alignment. This method provides new guidance for the alignment of space gravitational wave telescope systems.
Finite element analysis, machine learning, and digital twins for soft robots: state-of-arts and perspectives
Authors: Jin Liuchao , Zhai Xiaoya , Xue Wenbo , Zhang Kang , Jiang Jingchao , Bodaghi Mahdi , Liao Wei-Hsin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current boom in soft robotics development has spurred extensive research into these flexible, deformable, and adaptive robotic systems. However, the unique characteristics of soft materials, such as non-linearity and hysteresis, present challenges in modeling, calibration, and control, laying the foundation for a compelling exploration based on finite element analysis (FEA), machine learning (ML), and digital twins (DT). Therefore, in this review paper, we present a comprehensive exploration of the evolving field of soft robots, tracing their historical origins and current status. We explore the transformative potential of FEA and ML in the field of soft robotics, covering material selection, structural design, sensing, control, and actuation. In addition, we introduce the concept of DT for soft robots and discuss its technical approaches and integration in remote operation, training, predictive maintenance, and health monitoring. We address the challenges facing the field, map out future directions, and finally conclude the important role that FEA, ML, and DT play in shaping the future of soft robots.
Deep neural network for electromechanical impedance analysis and damage detection of laminated rubber bearings
Authors: Zhu Hongping , Shen Zehui , Zhang Ying , Ai Demi , Weng Shun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Environmental factors and loads cause potential small cracks in the rubber layers of laminated bearings. Conventional methods for identifying structural damage based on global vibration characteristics are ineffective, and current nondestructive structural damage detection methods based on Piezoelectric ceramic lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) cannot fully capture deep damage-sensitive features from PZT signals. This study proposes a novel deep learning approach using a convolutional neural network with residual connections to conduct raw electromechanical admittance analysis and automatically extract damage-sensitive features to identify minor cracks in laminated rubber bearings. Numerical models are used to generate a sufficient amount of PZT data under various damage conditions for training the deep neural network, which overcomes the sparsity of damage states in actual laminated rubber bearings. A transfer learning method based on a model fine-tuning strategy was adopted to address the feature differences between the numerical models and actual rubber bearing structure. The fine-tuned model could effectively identify the damage location of actual laminated rubber bearings. The proposed method does not require a complex data preprocessing process when analyzing PZT signals and has a relatively high accuracy in damage localization. The promising results from this work offer a potential paradigm for data-driven PZT signal analysis, which is an appealing approach for identifying minor damage in real-life laminated rubber bearings.
Robust image encryption scheme based on 6D hyper-chaos and DPA-resistant S-box
Authors: Khadem Behrooz , Gholamzadeh Mohammad , Ahmad Musheer , Ansari Zamir Ahmad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Image encryption is widely used for securing digital images, with chaos-based schemes among the most promising solutions. Recently, Khalid M. Hosny proposed an image encryption scheme based on a 6D hyperchaotic system and Fibonacci Q-matrix. While this scheme offers notable benefits, it suffers from significant weaknesses, such as improper utilization of initial parameters, weak keys, and flaws in key management, making it vulnerable to attacks. Additionally, it fails to encrypt homogeneous images, after any iteration. This paper proposes an enhanced encryption scheme that addresses these weaknesses. The statistical and simulation test results show that our scheme outperforms the original scheme in terms of security and performance. It passed standard security tests (such as image histogram, chi-square distribution, NPCR, UACI, entropy, correlation, and key space analysis) for standard images at n = 2 iterations. The proposed scheme includes a cryptographic key with low computational cost, a high-resistant S-box to DPA attacks, and improved chaos parameter transfer to provide security. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms similar schemes in both security and bandwidth consumption.
Effect of processing voltage on electrochemical machining of microstructures
Authors: Li Xiang , Wen Xinyu , Chen Xuehui , Lin Hua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electrochemical machining involves coupling between electric field-fluid field-temperature field, which together affect the electrochemical machining process and machining accuracy. The effects of different voltages on temperature, hydrogen volume fraction, electrolyte conductivity and current density distribution were analyzed and experimentally verified by using simulation software. It has been shown that temperature, hydrogen volume fraction, conductivity and current density increase with the increase of machining voltage, which decreases the microgroove electrochemical machining accuracy. Microstructure depth, overcut and taper gradually increased with the increase in machining voltage. The depth increased from 33.81 μm to 44.08 μm, the overcut increased from 5.77 μm to 11.47 μm, and the taper increased from 9.68° to 14.59°. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation analysis. Multi-physical field coupling simulation can analyze the distribution of current density, temperature, conductivity and bubbles in electrochemical machining, and can provide theoretical basis for the selection of actual electrochemical machining parameters and the prediction of machining accuracy.
Investigating charge injection, transport, and electronic performance in rGO-integrated TIPS pentacene blend devices
Authors: Paliwal Saumya , Singh Amrita , Upadhyaya Aditi , Gupta Saral Kumar , Negi C M S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study demonstrates the successful integration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into the TIPS pentacene framework, leading to significant enhancements in device performance. The fabricated devices exhibit ideality factors ranging from 2.1 to 2.6, indicating that trap-assisted Shockley Read Hall (SRH) recombination dominates the charge recombination mechanism. The Schottky barrier height (SBH) values, estimated using both the Richardson-Schottky (RS) thermionic emission model and an alternative calculation method, show excellent consistency, confirming the reliability of both approaches. Leakage current is primarily dictated by a direct tunnelling mechanism, while charge conduction is well-explained by the space-charge-limited current (SCLC) model. Optimal device performance, characterized by peak hole mobility and shortest rise times, is achieved with 3% rGO concentration, highlighting its potential for high-speed switching applications. Capacitance-frequency (C–f) analysis reveals a slight frequency dependence at lower frequencies, attributed to charge traps, while the dielectric constants obtained from C–f measurements align with those derived from the RS thermionic emission model. These findings demonstrate the suitability of rGO-doped TIPS pentacene for advanced electronic devices, particularly in high-speed applications.
First-principles investigation of structural, electronic, and optical properties of RVO4 (R = Er, Eu, Tb, Yb) orthovanadates under pressure
Authors: Cabuk Suleyman , Özcan Merve , Geçit F Hayal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
First-principles calculations were performed to systematically study RVO4 orthovanadates with tetragonal zircon- and scheelite-type structures. The study focused on structural parameters, pressure-induced structural phase transformation, electronic band structure, and optical properties under ambient conditions and hydrostatic pressures up to 10 GPa. Energy-volume and enthalpy-pressure curves were used to determine the phase transition pressures of RVO4 compounds. Among the four compounds examined in both phases, YbVO4 was determined to be less compressible than the other compounds. The computed band structures indicated that RVO4 compounds in both phases are semiconductors with a direct bandgap at the Γ→ Γ point. Optical spectra such as dielectric constants, refractive index, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, birefringence, optical conductivity, and energy loss function were computed as functions of incident radiation energy in the energy range of 0–45 eV. The optical anisotropy of RVO4 compounds was observed in both phases. The computed birefringence values for zircon (scheelite) RVO4 indicate that they are uniaxial positive (negative) crystals and have a large birefringence value. Hydrostatic pressure was found to play an important role in the structural, optical, and electronic properties of both phases of RVO4 compounds.
Reliability Improvement Strategies for Telescope Control Systems
Authors: Li Yun , Yang Shihai , Deng Zhuangzhuang , Guo Yanpeng , Pan Cong , Shao Jun , Chen Liang , Gu Bozhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The telescope drive control system provides essential power support for the successful execution of astronomical observations, and its reliability directly impacts the efficiency of these observations. This paper focuses on strategies for enhancing the reliability of the telescope drive control system, proposing a comprehensive and multidimensional reliability improvement solution. The study examines mechanisms for enhancing reliability from three perspectives: expected fault diagnosis, unanticipated state identification, and reliability optimization during the design phase. For each of these aspects, specific reliability enhancement solutions are proposed, including a fault diagnosis and self-healing expert system, a generic process model for unanticipated state identification, and an optimized tracking control strategy under timestamp synchronization. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of these solutions from the three aforementioned perspectives, providing a clear direction for the development of reliability enhancement strategies for telescopes.
Multi-wavelength Analysis of the Vela X Pulsar Wind Nebula: Leptonic Emission from Fermi-LAT, Suzaku, and H.E.S.S.
Authors: Wiweko Supphakit , Cantlay Brandon Khan , Wechakama Maneenate , Sanpa-arsa Siraprapa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are a significant source of very-high-energy gamma rays in the Milky Way. These fascinating objects arise from the interaction between the powerful winds emanating from a central, rapidly rotating pulsar and the expanding debris field left behind by a supernova remnant. This study aims to explain the high-energy emissions from three significant compact regions around the Vela pulsar wind nebula through leptonic spectral energy distribution (SED) emissions across multiple wavelengths. We analyze the SED of photons using 15 years of Fermi-LAT data in the 100 MeV to 1 TeV range and combine these data with other observations, such as those from Suzaku (X-ray) and H.E.S.S. (very-high-energy gamma-ray). We then model leptonic SED emissions to produce non-thermal radiation, including synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering, to find the best fit with the observed multi-wavelength spectra. By analyzing the multi-wavelength emission from the Vela pulsar wind nebula, we constrain the properties of relativistic particles, magnetic fields, and interstellar radiation fields that contribute to this observed radiation.