bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of conduction system pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Tavolinejad Hamed , Kazemian Sina , Bozorgi Ali , Michalski Roman , Hoyer Daniel , Sedding Daniel , Arya Arash 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacing (BiV‐CRT) is ineffective in approximately one‐third of patients. CRT with Conduction system pacing (CSP‐CRT) may achieve greater synchronization. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of CRT with His pacing (His‐CRT) or left bundle branch pacing (LBB‐CRT) in lieu of biventricular CRT.Methods and ResultsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched until August 19, 2023, for original studies including patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) who received His‐ or LBB‐CRT, that reported either CSP‐CRT success, LVEF, QRS duration (QRSd), or New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Effect measures were compared with frequentist network meta‐analysis. Thirty‐seven publications, including 20 comparative studies, were included. Success rates were 73.5% (95% CI: 61.2–83.0) for His‐CRT and 91.5% (95% CI: 88.0–94.1) for LBB‐CRT. Compared to BiV‐CRT, greater improvements were observed for LVEF (mean difference [MD] for His‐CRT +3.4%; 95% CI [1.0; 5.7], and LBB‐CRT: +4.4%; [2.5; 6.2]), LV end‐systolic volume (His‐CRT:17.2mL [29.7; 4.8]; LBB‐CRT:15.3mL [28.3; 2.2]), QRSd (His‐CRT: –17.1ms [–25.0; –9.2]; LBB‐CRT: –17.4ms [–23.2; –11.6]), and NYHA (Standardized MD [SMD]: His‐CRT:0.4 [0.8; 0.1]; LBB‐CRT:0.4 [–0.7; –0.2]). Pacing thresholds at baseline and follow‐up were significantly lower with LBB‐CRT versus both His‐CRT and BiV‐CRT. CSP‐CRT was associated with reduced mortality (R = 0.75 [0.61–0.91]) and hospitalizations risk (RR = 0.63 [0.42–0.96]).ConclusionThis study found that CSP‐CRT is associated with greater improvements in QRSd, echocardiographic, and clinical response. LBB‐CRT was associated with lower pacing thresholds. Future randomized trials are needed to determine CSP‐CRT efficacy.
Strange Bedfellows: Consumer Protection and Competition Policy in the Making of the EU Privacy Regime
Authors: Caliskan Koray , MacKenzie Donald , Rommerskirchen Charlotte 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow was the European Union's privacy regime built? Drawing on regime theory and carrying out qualitative document analysis, we present the evolution of the privacy regime across the three decades from the 1995 European Data Protection Directive to the 2016 General Data Protection Regulation, the 2022 Data Governance Act and finally the 2022 Digital Markets package. Our analysis focuses on the European Commission and suggests that the privacy regime emerged out of the seemingly conflicting interplay between the (digital) single market whose power draws on the network effects of expanding data resources and concerns for personal privacy that seek limiting data gathering itself. Contrary to expectations, potential tensions between competition law and consumer protection have not hindered or decelerated the formation of the regulatory regime. In fact, these tensions have proven to be surprisingly productive.
Discount Rates, Debt Maturity, and the Fiscal Theory
Authors: CORHAY ALEXANDRE , KIND THILO , KUNG HOWARD , MORALES GONZALO 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how the transmission of government portfolio risk arising from maturity operations depends on the stance of monetary/fiscal policy. Accounting for risk premia in the fiscal theory allows the government portfolio to affect expected inflation, even in a frictionless economy. The effects of maturity rebalancing on expected inflation in the fiscal theory depend directly on the conditional nominal term premium, giving rise to an optimal debt‐maturity policy that is state‐dependent. In a calibrated macrofinance model, we demonstrate that maturity operations have sizable effects on expected inflation and output through our novel risk transmission mechanism.
Parental administration of over‐the‐counter medication to Spanish children: A population‐based national study
Authors: Martín‐Pérez Mar , López De Andrés Ana , Barcenilla González Miguel Ángel , Jiménez‐García Rodrigo , Hernández‐Barrera Valentín , Jiménez‐Trujillo Isabel , Palacios‐Ceña Domingo , Carrasco‐Garrido Pilar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence and predictors of parental administration of over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to children in Spain.Design and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study performed with data from the 2011 to 2012 Spanish National Health Survey among children (birth to 14 years old) of both sexes.ResultsOf the 5,495 children analyzed, 8.2% had received OTC drugs in the 2 weeks preceding the survey. Medicines for colds (25.5%), analgesics (30.3%), and antipyretics (22.8%) were the most commonly used drugs. Some of the predictor variables of parental administration of OTC medications included older age groups (10‐ to 15‐year‐olds, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45), no chronic illness (AOR = 1.21), children with limitations of normal activity (AOR = 3.05), parents of middle (AOR = 1.42) and higher (AOR = 1.38) social status, and completion of secondary school (AOR = 1.50) or higher education (AOR = 1.38).Practical ImplicationsUnderstanding these factors may assist nurses to identify parents most likely to administer OTCs to their children, and to ensure that parents are aware of the purpose, dosage, side effects, and overall safety of OTC medications.
Anti‐melanogenic effect of exosomes derived from human dermal fibroblasts (BJ‐5ta‐Ex) in C57BL/6 mice and B16F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Lee Jung Ok , Kim Yujin , Jang You Na , Yeon Park A. , Kim Su‐Young , Han Hye Sung , Kim Beom Joon , Yoo Kwang Ho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExosomes are involved in intercellular communication by transferring cargo between cells and altering the specific functions of the target cells. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of exosomes in several skin diseases. However, understanding of the effects of exosomes on anti‐pigmentation is limited. Therefore, we investigated whether BJ‐5ta exosomes (BJ‐5ta‐Ex) derived from human foreskin fibroblasts regulate melanogenesis and delineated the underlying mechanism. Interestingly, treatment with BJ‐5ta‐Ex induced decreased melanin content, tyrosinase (TYR) activity, and expression of melanogenesis‐related genes, including microphthalmia‐related transcription factor (MITF), TYR, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (TRP2). In addition, BJ‐5ta‐Ex downregulated the cAMP/PKA and GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathways and upregulated the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, treatment with BJ‐5ta‐Ex inhibited α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone‐induced melanosome transport and decreased the expression of key proteins involved in melanosome transport, namely, rab27a and melanophilin (MLPH). To further confirm the depigmenting effects of BJ‐5ta‐Ex, we conducted experiments using a three‐dimensional reconstituted human full skin model and ultraviolet B (UVB)‐irradiated mouse model. Treatment with BJ‐5ta‐Ex improved tissue brightness and reduced the distribution of melanosomes. In UVB‐irradiated mouse ears, BJ‐5ta‐Ex reduced the number of active melanocytes and melanin granules. These results demonstrate that BJ‐5ta‐Ex can be useful for the clinical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
Spectrum of lymphatic anomalies in patients with RASA1‐related CM‐AVM
Authors: Mologousis Mia A. , Ostertag‐Hill Claire A. , Haimes Hilary , Fishman Steven J. , Mulliken John B. , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCapillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) is characterized by multifocal fast‐flow capillary malformations, sometimes with arteriovenous malformations/fistulas, skeletal/soft tissue overgrowth, telangiectasias, or Bier spots. Lymphatic abnormalities are infrequently reported. We describe seven patients with CM‐AVM and lymphatic anomalies.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, we identified patients with CM‐AVM and lymphatic anomalies seen at the Vascular Anomalies Center at Boston Children's Hospital from 2003 to 2023. We retrospectively reviewed records for clinical, genetic, laboratory, and imaging findings.ResultsWe found seven patients with CM‐AVM and lymphatic abnormalities. Five patients were diagnosed prenatally: four with pleural effusions (including one suspected chylothorax) and one with ascites. Pleural effusions resolved after neonatal drainage in three patients and fetal thoracentesis in the fourth; however, fluid rapidly reaccumulated in this fetus causing hydrops. Ascites resolved after neonatal paracentesis, recurred at 2 months, and spontaneously resolved at 5 years; magnetic resonance lymphangiography for recurrence at age 19 years suggested a central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA), and at age 20 years a right spermatic cord/scrotal lymphatic malformation (LM) was detected. Chylous pericardial effusion presented in a sixth patient at 2 months and disappeared after pericardiocentesis. A seventh patient was diagnosed with a left lower extremity LM at 16 months.Six patients underwent genetic testing, and all had RASA1 mutation. RASA1 variant was novel in three patients (c.1495delinsCTACC, c.434_451delinsA, c.2648del), previously reported in two (c.2603+1G>A, c.475_476del), and unavailable in another. Median follow‐up age was 5.8 years (4 months–20 years).ConclusionCM‐AVM may be associated with lymphatic anomalies, including pericardial/pleural effusions, ascites, CCLA, and LM.
Behavioural knowledge for policy design: The connection between time use Behaviours and (or) desires and support for policy alternatives
Authors: Lahat Lihi , Sened Itai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study explored how understanding people's behaviours and desires can inform policy design and contribute to policy feedback theory. We focused on uses of time that are affected by diverse policies. Given the growing interest in promoting well‐being and the connection between the use of time and well‐being, we examined behaviours and desires regarding uses of time. In this exploratory study, we employed a quantitative research method. We surveyed 671 Israeli adults on their time use, desires for time use, and support for policy alternatives in three policy fields: work, education, and welfare. In five out of 11 policy alternatives, we found a connection between behavioural variables and support for policy alternatives. While exploratory, our findings contribute innovative insights into the connection between behavioural variables and support for policy alternatives related to time use. Theoretically, the article highlights the importance of incorporating behavioural ‘signalling knowledge’ as an essential input at the policy design stage and contributes to the policy feedback literature on multidisciplinary policies.
Creation and Assessment of a Novel Design Evaluation Tool for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Cayley Alexander , Mathur Jayant , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly growing technology within the industry and education sectors. Despite this, there lacks a comprehensive tool to guide AM novices in evaluating the suitability of a given design for fabrication by the range of AM processes. Existing design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) evaluation tools tend to focus on only certain key process-dependent DfAM considerations. By contrast, the purpose of this research is to propose a tool that guides a user to comprehensively evaluate their chosen design and educates the user on an appropriate DfAM strategy. The tool incorporates both opportunistic and restrictive elements, integrates the seven major AM processes, outputs an evaluative score, and recommends processes and improvements for the input design. This paper presents a thorough framework for this evaluation tool and details the inclusion of features such as dual-DfAM consideration, process recommendations, and a weighting system for restrictive DfAM. The result is a detailed recommendation output that helps users to determine not only “Can you print your design?” but also “Should you print your design?” by combining several key research studies to build a comprehensive user design tool. This research also demonstrates the potential of the framework through a series of user-based studies, in which the opportunistic side of the tool was found to have significantly improved novice designers’ ability to evaluate designs. The preliminary framework presented in this paper establishes a foundation for future studies to refine the tool’s accuracy using more data and expert analysis.
Heat Transfer in an Injector-Scaled Additively Manufactured Fuel Passage
Authors: Walker Thomas D. , Bonham Clare 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Knowledge of heat transfer in fuel wetted passages is important for informing injector design and life estimates due to the effects of temperature on fuel degradation. Future injectors will be manufactured using additive methods in an effort to reduce production costs and time, while also facilitating more agile design practices. Additive manufacturing (AM) is known to result in increased surface roughness compared to conventional manufacturing techniques, however limited data exists on how this roughness impacts heat transfer, particularly in liquid flows. This paper solves the inverse heat conduction problem for heat transfer coefficient in liquid flows through rough 90° channel bends typical of the pilot gallery in a lean direct-injection fuel spray nozzle. Heat transfer distributions across two rough surfaces are compared to an equivalent smooth surface. The two rough surfaces have different morphologies but have the same relative effective sand grain roughness which is matched to a prototype AM fuel injector. The sand grain roughness is predicted from a correlation that has been adapted for the high relative roughness scales characteristic of additively manufactured fuel passages. The effective sand grain roughness estimated from surface measurements of a prototype AM fuel gallery was ∼13 % of the passage hydraulic diameter. For the two rough surfaces, the heat transfer enhancement is up to three times the smooth surface value for the straight section preceding the bend and up to four times around the bend. Heat transfer distributions across the two rough surfaces are similar, but the magnitudes differ by ∼17 % depending on the surface morphology. This highlights the importance of the heat transfer effectiveness of surface features, which unlike the sand grain roughness is not matched for the two surfaces considered. Adjusting the data for differences in heat transfer effectiveness corrects the average heat transfer for the rough surfaces to within 7 %.
Updating Turbomachinery Aerodynamics Teaching on an Undergraduate Course Using 3D Design Tools
Authors: Ingram Grant 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper outlines the update of a turbomachinery course to cover 3D aerodynamics using a Reynolds Averaged-Navier Stokes solver. Prior to the activities outlined in this paper the course was taught in a conventional way with a series of lectures and a timed, written, open book examination in a formal exam setting. Students were equipped with a calculator and set of notes including correlations from Howell and Soderberg. The students had around one hour to answer the turbomachinery question which was revealed to them only when they opened the paper at the start of the exam. This limited the depth of any aerodynamic problem they could get through and so they were restricted to simple design or analysis exercises.
The genesis of the course update was the release in 2017 of “MULTALL OPEN” [1] a freely available turbomachinery design system and this was adopted as the course software — although other software choices were considered.
Students now produce two turbomachinery designs during the course. These are both based on the J85 turbojet — largely to keep cycle calculations to a minimum but it was also important to ensure that students recognise that they were completing a real engineering task. The first task was a 3D aerodynamic design of multi-stage turbine which includes compressible flow, tip clearance and stacking techniques such as lean or sweep. The second task was a midspan (2D) compressor design. The exact cycle conditions were varied each year to explore design scenarios such as an increase in firing temperature. Assessment was by means of a short report where the best students report on their design choices, provide critical analysis of the design using appropriate post-processing techniques and compare their designs to the state of the art in the wider literature.
As well as describing the successes and challenges of the update to 3D design methods the paper provides some guidance for educators thinking about adopting a similar approach.
Heat Transfer and Film Cooling in an Aggressive Turbine Center Frame
Authors: Jagerhofer Patrick R. , Glasenapp Tobias , Patzer Bastian , Göttlich Emil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the heat transfer coefficient and the film cooling effectiveness in a turbine center frame (TCF). The TCF is a duct connecting the high-pressure turbine (HPT) to the low-pressure turbine (LPT) and is equipped with non-turning airfoils (struts). The TCF is operated in a product-representative 1.5-stage test turbine setup working under Mach-number-similarity. Upstream of the TCF, an unshrouded HPT is operated with four individually adjustable purge flow injections through the forward and aft cavities on the hub and tip of the rotor.
The heat transfer coefficient and the purge film cooling effectiveness are measured on the hub and the non-turning struts of the aerodynamically aggressive TCF using infrared thermography and tailor-made heating foils. To further extend the film cooling investigation, the seed gas concentration technique, in conjunction with the heat-mass transfer analogy, is used as a second film cooling measurement technique. Seeding the HPT cavities with different foreign gases reveals every individual purge flow’s contribution to the global film cooling effectiveness in the TCF. Additionally, the seed gas technique extends the investigated area for film cooling to the optically inaccessible shroud of the TCF.
The heat transfer in the TCF was found to be dominated by secondary flow features of the upstream HPT. Longitudinal streaks of alternating high and low heat transfer were found on the hub connected to the number and position of the upstream HPT vanes. A similar pattern was found in the film cooling effectiveness, where the film cooling streaks were situated between the high heat transfer streaks. The film cooling coverage on the shroud was found to be even, symmetric and superior to the hub cooling performance, with around 10% less usage of purge mass flow.
Dynamic Forced Performance of an O-Rings Sealed Squeeze Film Damper Lubricated With a Low Supply Pressure and a Simple Method to Quantify Air Ingestion
Authors: Rodríguez Bryan , San Andrés Luis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Contemporary squeeze film dampers (SFDs) in air breathing engines are short in length to limit weight and part count, and lubricated with a low feed pressure to reduce oil storage and pumping power. In SFDs, O-rings (ORs) restrict side leakage and increase the viscous damping while a adding a modest centering stiffness. Continuing a long-term project characterizing SFDs for aircraft engines and extending the original work in Ref [1], the paper details measurements of the forced performance of an OR sealed damper (OR-SFD) with diameter D = 127 mm, land length L = 0.2 D, and radial clearance c = 0.0022 D. Lubricant ISO VG 2 supplied at 0.69 bar(g) fills an upstream oil plenum and flows into the middle of the land through a single orifice configured with a check valve. Measurements of applied single-frequency dynamic loads, along with the ensuing damper displacements and accelerations serve to identify the parameters of the test structure, ORs, and SFD. The tests encompass centered whirl motions with amplitude r = 0.05c to 0.45c, and a range of whirl frequencies, ω = 10 Hz to 130 Hz. Note the squeeze velocity vs = rω reaches 102 mm/s. The ORs force coefficients are nearly invariant with frequency but do depend on the orbit amplitude. The ORs’ stiffness (KOR) decreases by 75% as the motion amplitude increases, r → 0.45c, likely due to the large elastic deformations and slow recovery of the ORs material. For small amplitude motions (r/c = 0.05 and 0.10), the ORs damping coefficient (COR) is ∼10% of the overall coefficient for the lubricated system (CL), while for r/c &gt; 0.25, COR ∼ 0.03 CL. For small amplitudes of whirl (r ≤ 0.25c), the SFD experimental viscous damping (CSFD) and added mass (MSFD) coefficients, identified over a shorter frequency range (vs &lt; 30 mm/s) equal theoretical magnitudes for a fully sealed damper. As the orbit size grows to r = 0.45c MSFD drops nearly 75% and CSFD decreases by ∼40% due to the onset of both lubricant cavitation and air ingestion occurring for squeeze velocities vs ≥ 24.5 mm/s, as also seen in the recorded dynamic pressures and video recordings of a bubbly mixture leaving the damper. A comprehensive flow model predicts CSFD and MSFD about 8% and 12% larger than the experimentally identified coefficients. A novel approach enables the estimation of the gas volume fraction (GVF) generated in the damper and which rapidly increases as vs grows. The simple procedure draws into a deflated balloon the material contents in the squeeze film, weighs the sample, and identifies its volume to produce an estimate of the GVF. The procedure to quantify the GFV will assist in the validation of predictive tools.
Test Campaign and Application Study for a High Pressure Compressor With Modular Rotor
Authors: Kurz Rainer , Srinivasan Anand , Goucher Sara , David Tim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Barrel style centrifugal compressors are widely used for high pressure gas compression applications in the oil and gas industry. Using a modular rotor in a high pressure centrifugal compressor for Oil and Gas Service is a method that is distinctly different from ubiquitous solid shaft machine designs. It is accepted in the governing standards, for example API 617, and allows for significant flexibility under changing operating requirements. Using a modular rotor allows to avoid splitting diaphragms, but it also requires different assembly, balancing and test methods. The machine described in this study is a single compartment compressor capable of 340 bar discharge pressure. The study provides aerodynamic test data for a series of closed loop tests at discharge pressures of over 220 bar, using Nitrogen, CO2 and natural gas as test gases, to validate compressor performance, rotordynamic stability and mechanical integrity. An important feature of the test campaign is the detailed evaluation of the transient behavior during tests to verify the machine integrity at rapid shutdowns at high discharge pressures. The paper also discusses the applications for such centrifugal compressors in the oil and gas industry, considerations on standardized designs, and its integration in a modular design system.