bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronisch nicht bakterielle Osteomyelitis im Kindesalter
Authors: Skrabl-Baumgartner Andrea 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie „Chronisch nicht bakterielle Osteomyelitis“ (CNO) ist eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose bei Kindern mit chronischen Knochenschmerzen. Kennzeichen sind spontan auftretende entzündliche Knochenläsionen, ohne Nachweis eines infektiösen Agens. Die Erkrankung wird den Autoinflammationserkrankungen zugerechnet. Die Knochenläsionen können unifokal oder multifokal auftreten. Bevorzugt betroffen sind lange Röhrenknochen, Wirbelsäule, Schulter- und Beckengürtel. Begleitende Gelenksentzündungen und weitere Organmanifestationen, insbesondere der Haut, kommen vor.Die Diagnosestellung kann herausfordernd sein und erfordert den sorgfältigen Ausschluss wichtiger Differentialdiagnosen, einschließlich Malignome. Die Indikation zur Knochenbiopsie sollte in unklaren Fällen großzügig gestellt werden. Laborchemische Biomarker stehen derzeit routinemäßig nicht zur Verfügung. Radiologischer Goldstandard ist die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT). Zur Ganzkörperdarstellung ist das Ganzkörper-MRT der Skelett-Szintigrafie überlegen. Therapeutisch stehen nicht steroidalen Antirheumatika, kurzfristig eingesetzte Steroide, TNF-Blocker und Bisphosphonate zur Verfügung. Bei frühzeitiger Diagnose und adäquater Therapie ist die Prognose in den meisten Fällen günstig. Andernfalls drohen schwere Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität und bleibende Behinderung.
Angiologische Diagnostik und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für entzündliche Gefäßerkrankungen
Authors: Jud P. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungVaskulitiden stellen seltene entzündliche Gefäßerkrankungen meist autoimmuner Genese dar. In den letzten Jahren wurden zu einigen Vaskulitiden neue Klassifikationskriterien und Therapieleitlinien publiziert, weil in der Diagnostik neue Modalitäten und in der Behandlung neue Medikamente zur Anwendung kommen. Ebenso gibt es zunehmende Erkenntnisse über kardiovaskuläre Folgekomplikationen bei Patienten/-innen mit Vaskulitiden. Bei Großgefäßvaskulitiden, wie der Riesenzellarteriitis und der Takayasu-Arteriitis, werden zunehmend radiologische Untersuchungen zur Diagnostik eingesetzt, während in der Abklärung von Kleingefäßvaskulitiden weiterhin Laborparameter und Biopsien einen wichtigen Stellenwert besitzen. Die Therapie von Vaskulitiden umfasst gegenwärtig vor allem den Einsatz diverser immunsuppressiver Medikamente, jedoch können auch Revaskularisationsmaßnahmen großer und mittelgroßer Gefäße notwendig sein. Auch sollten begleitende kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren der Patienten/-innen adäquat behandelt werden.
Charakterisierung kreativer Bearbeitungen offener Aufgaben von jungen Schulkindern
Authors: Bruhn Svenja 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Eine zeitgemäße Aufgabe des Mathematikunterrichts ist, dass alle Schülerinnen und Schüler bei der Bearbeitung offener Aufgaben ihre Kreativität entfalten können. Konkret bedeutet dies, dass sie ihre Denkflüssigkeit, Flexibilität und Originalität entwickeln sollen. Dabei zeigen erste Studien, dass auch Vor- und Grundschulkinder aufgrund ihrer Offenheit im Denken und geringen Beeinflussung von erlernten (algorithmischen) Bearbeitungsweisen beim Bearbeiten mathematischer Aufgaben kreativ werden können. Doch inwiefern lassen sich Aufgabenbearbeitungen junger Schulkinder hinsichtlich ihrer individuellen mathematischen Kreativität charakterisieren? In diesem Beitrag wird die Kreativität von 18 Erstklässlerinnen und Erstklässlern, die sie bei der Bearbeitung zweier offener Aufgaben mit arithmetischem Inhalt zeigen, in den Fokus gerückt. Die Analyse der kreativen Aufgabenbearbeitungen mit sowohl kategorienbildenden als auch häufigkeitsstatistischen Methoden zeigte, dass alle Mathematiklernenden kreativ wurden. Konkret ließ sich die Denkflüssigkeit, Flexibilität und Originalität der Lernenden differenziert über die Erstellung von Kontinuen charakterisieren, welche die qualitative Spannweite der einzelnen kreativen Fähigkeiten der Erstklässlerinnen und Erstklässler abbilden. Diese Erkenntnisse können Forschenden (und perspektivisch auch Mathematiklehrkräften) als Ausgangspunkt für die Beobachtung und Entfaltung der individuellen mathematischen Kreativität von Schülerinnen und Schülern bei der Bearbeitung offener Aufgaben dienen.
Modeling of geophysical derived parameters for groundwater potential zonation using GIS-based multi-criteria conceptual model
Authors: Bayode Sunday , Mogaji Kehinde Anthony , Egbeyemi Olakunle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study modeled geophysical derived parameters and multi-critically synthesized their themes based on geospatial and analytical hierarchy processes (AHP) approaches for groundwater potentiality prediction mapping. These methodologies were investigated in a typical hard rock geologic terrain, southwestern, Nigeria. Considering the spatially acquired 96 vertical electrical sounding (VES) data in the area, geoelectric sections revealing five subsurface layers including the topsoil, laterite, weathered layer, fractured basement and fresh basement rock were produced mindful of the 2-D resistivity structure subsurface imaging data interpreted results. The correlative results of the 2-D resistivity structure images and VES data interpretation results delineated major low resistivity vertical discontinuity typical of fractured zones characterized with width range of 25–40 m, while the depth vary from about 40 to > 60 m. Themes of groundwater potential conditioning factors (GPCFs), namely: regolith, bedrock relief, hydraulic head, coefficient of anisotropy, aquifer resistivity and aquifer thickness were prepared from the re-analyzed hydrogeological and geophysical data. The produced themes were appropriately weighted in the context of AHP data mining technique. The groundwater potential prediction index (GPPI) mathematical modeling equation for the area was established via applying the weight linear average algorithm involving the AHP weightage results. The synthesized results of the applied GPPI model equation on the GPCFs’ hydrogeologic themes give GPPI values in the range 1.59–3.65 for the study area. The geospatial modeling of the GPPI estimated values result produced groundwater potential prediction index map for the area. The produced GPPI model map zoned the area into low (1.59–2.30), medium (2.30–2.61), medium–high (2.61–3.02) and high (3.02–3.65) groundwater potential classes. The area analysis of the GPPI map indicates that more than 70% of the study area has ‘low to medium groundwater potential. The GPPI map result verification using reacting operating characteristics technique results gave 86% and 81% success and prediction rates, respectively. The findings of this study are useful to water managers and decision-makers for locating appropriate positions of new productive wells in the study area and other areas with similar geologic settings.
Criminal Justice and Artificial Intelligence: How Should we Assess the Performance of Sentencing Algorithms?
Authors: Ryberg Jesper 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence is increasingly permeating many types of high-stake societal decision-making such as the work at the criminal courts. Various types of algorithmic tools have already been introduced into sentencing. This article concerns the use of algorithms designed to deliver sentence recommendations. More precisely, it is considered how one should determine whether one type of sentencing algorithm (e.g., a model based on machine learning) would be ethically preferable to another type of sentencing algorithm (e.g., a model based on old-fashioned programming). Whether the implementation of sentencing algorithms is ethically desirable obviously depends upon various questions. For instance, some of the traditional issues that have received considerable attention are algorithmic biases and lack of transparency. However, the purpose of this article is to direct attention to a further challenge that has not yet been considered in the discussion of sentencing algorithms. That is, even if is assumed that the traditional challenges concerning biases, transparency, and cost-efficiency have all been solved or proven insubstantial, there will be a further serious challenge associated with the comparison of sentencing algorithms; namely, that we do not yet possess an ethically plausible and applicable criterion for assessing how well sentencing algorithms are performing.
Diagnostic gap due to missing patch test allergens—status quo and possible scenarios for mitigation
Authors: Mahler Vera 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAccording to European Directive 2001/83/EC, test and therapeutic allergens are medicinal products in all Member States of the European Union. This applies equally to prick test and to patch test (PT) allergens (haptens). All test allergens commercially marketed in Germany are finished medicinal products requiring marketing authorization (MA). Currently, 211 PT substances are authorized in Germany, and an additional 59 are in an ongoing MA process and are marketable under a transitional provision until a decision on MA is made. The regulatory guidance (CMDh/399/2019) of the Co-ordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralized Procedures—Human (CMDh), published in July 2020, specifies the regulatory requirements for different allergen products. Due to differences in origin and exposure, use, mode of action, and safety risks, the guideline clearly differentiates between products with active ingredients of biological origin (allergen extracts from natural source materials) and products with active ingredients of non-biological origin (hapten-based PT substances). Currently, guideline-compliant patch testing is hampered by the lack of numerous commercial PT allergens from the standard and special test series. Background and possible scenarios for mitigation are presented here.
Disentangled variational auto-encoder enhanced by counterfactual data for debiasing recommendation
Authors: Guo Yupu , Cai Fei , Zheng Jianming , Zhang Xin , Chen Honghui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecommender system always suffers from various recommendation biases, seriously hindering its development. In this light, a series of debias methods have been proposed in the recommender system, especially for two most common biases, i.e., popularity bias and amplified subjective bias. However, existing debias methods usually concentrate on correcting a single bias. Such single-functionality debiases neglect the bias-coupling issue in which the recommended items are collectively attributed to multiple biases. Besides, previous work cannot tackle the lacking supervised signals brought by sparse data, yet which has become a commonplace in the recommender system. In this work, we introduce a disentangled debias variational auto-encoder framework (DB-VAE) to address the single-functionality issue as well as a counterfactual data enhancement method to mitigate the adverse effect due to the data sparsity. In specific, DB-VAE first extracts two types of extreme items only affected by a single bias based on the collier theory, which are, respectively, employed to learn the latent representation of corresponding biases, thereby realizing the bias decoupling. In this way, the exact unbiased user representation can be learned by these decoupled bias representations. Furthermore, the data generation module employs Pearl’s framework to produce massive counterfactual data to help fully train the model, making up the lacking supervised signals due to the sparse data. Extensive experiments on three real-world data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model. Specifically, our model outperforms the best baseline by 19.5% in terms of Recall@20 and 9.5% in terms of NDCG@100 in the best scenario. Besides, the counterfactual data can further improve DB-VAE, especially on the data set with low sparsity.
Tailoring MXene Thickness and Functionalization for Enhanced Room-Temperature Trace NO2 Sensing
Authors: Hilal Muhammad , Yang Woochul , Hwang Yongha , Xie Wanfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2TX MXene flakes is achieved to enhance their electrical properties, environmental stability, and gas-sensing performance. Utilizing a hybrid method involving high-pressure processing, stirring, and immiscible solutions, sub-100 nm MXene flake thickness is achieved within the MXene film on the Si-wafer. Functionalization control is achieved by defunctionalizing MXene at 650 °C under vacuum and H2 gas in a CVD furnace, followed by refunctionalization with iodine and bromine vaporization from a bubbler attached to the CVD. Notably, the introduction of iodine, which has a larger atomic size, lower electronegativity, reduce shielding effect, and lower hydrophilicity (contact angle: 99°), profoundly affecting MXene. It improves the surface area (36.2 cm2 g−1), oxidation stability in aqueous/ambient environments (21 days/80 days), and film conductivity (749 S m−1). Additionally, it significantly enhances the gas-sensing performance, including the sensitivity (0.1119 Ω ppm−1), response (0.2% and 23% to 50 ppb and 200 ppm NO2), and response/recovery times (90/100 s). The reduced shielding effect of the –I-terminals and the metallic characteristics of MXene enhance the selectivity of I-MXene toward NO2. This approach paves the way for the development of stable and high-performance gas-sensing two-dimensional materials with promising prospects for future studies.
Explicit zero-free regions for the Riemann zeta-function
Authors: Mossinghoff Michael J. , Trudgian Timothy S. , Yang Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe prove that the Riemann zeta-function$$\zeta (\sigma + it)$$ζ(σ+it)has no zeros in the region$$\sigma \ge 1 - 1/(55.241(\log |t|)^{2/3} (\log \log |t|)^{1/3})$$σ≥1-1/(55.241(log|t|)2/3(loglog|t|)1/3)for$$|t|\ge 3$$|t|≥3. In addition, we improve the constant in the classical zero-free region, showing that the zeta-function has no zeros in the region$$\sigma \ge 1 - 1/(5.558691\log |t|)$$σ≥1-1/(5.558691log|t|)for$$|t|\ge 2$$|t|≥2. We also provide new bounds that are useful for intermediate values of$$|t|$$|t|. Combined, our results improve the largest known zero-free region within the critical strip for$$3\cdot 10^{12} \le |t|\le \exp (64.1)$$3·1012≤|t|≤exp(64.1)and$$|t| \ge \exp (1000)$$|t|≥exp(1000).
The Challenge of Accounting for the Moderator Effect of Risk Exposure on the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Treatments for Youth
Authors: Arjona Raquel Nogueira , Ungar Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough many positive psychology interventions like mindfulness-based treatments (MBTs) for youth have been used with a wide array of risk exposed populations (children living in poverty, victims of violence, displaced persons, children with disabilities, etc.), the efficacy of MBTs with regard to the level and domain of risk exposure has been largely overlooked. This oversight contributes to a perception of positive psychology as being decontextualized. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to better understand how a young person’s level and domain of risk exposure influences the efficacy of MBTs. Published studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, were RCTs or cluster RCTs, and focused on the effect of an MBT or an MBT component. Specifically, 58 studies were qualitatively analyzed and 42 were quantitatively analyzed. The qualitative analysis evidenced a lack of objectivity in the assessment of risk exposure, with many papers providing very little or no detail on participants’ level or domain of risk exposure (whether threats to psychological wellbeing originate with the individual’s biology or cognitions, or the social, built or natural environment). Our quantitative analysis showed that MBTs significantly improved main outcomes relative to the control conditions, with a small-to-moderate effect size. Where it was possible to identify the level of risk exposure, we found that MBTs positively moderated treatment response, with better response among those participants with a higher level of risk. We conclude that future Positive Psychology research will need to better account for risk exposure if the discipline is to improve our understanding of which populations benefit most from interventions that promote mindfulness.
The use of color-changeable chewing gum in evaluating food masticability
Authors: Yashiro Toshihiro , Wada Shinichi , Kawate Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We assess masticatory performance using color-changeable chewing gum, which shifts from yellow-green to red upon chewing. Previous studies used a colorimeter to reveal the cut-off a* values of the gum’s color (a* represents the degree of color between red and green) to determine which foods are masticable (masticable meat, masticable soft side dish, and inadequate masticatory performance). Since a more convenient method is required, we examined the validity and reliability of visual measurement using a color scale to indicate masticable foods by observing the chewing gum’s color.

Methods
Fifty patients (male, 48%), aged ≥ 65 (mean, 82.6) years were enrolled. Using color-changeable chewing gum, three groups were formed according to the cut-off a* values: masticable meat, masticable soft side dish, and inadequate masticatory performance. For the color scale classification, one physiatrist and one dietitian simultaneously, individually, and visually determined the chewing gum color and classified it into one of the three groups. Criterion-related validity was evaluated using the kappa coefficient of agreement between the results from the two methods. Inter-rater reliability was examined using the kappa coefficient of agreement between the three groups judged by the two raters on a color scale.

Results
The kappa coefficients of the agreement for the classifications were 0.908 and 0.909 for the physiatrist and dietitian, respectively. The inter-rater agreement between two raters on the color scale was 0.938 for the kappa coefficient.

Conclusion
The color scale indicated masticable foods without a colorimeter. This method can be useful in older adult facilities and homes.
Impact of remittances on domestic investment in West African countries: the mediating role of financial development
Authors: Keho Yaya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral studies have analyzed the effect of remittances and financial development on growth or investment with little attention on their interactive effect. This study examines the relationship between remittances, financial development and domestic investment under different levels of financial development in a panel of 10 Sub-Saharan African countries. The research uses data covering the period 1975–2019 and employs panel Pooled Mean Group estimator. The results reveal that both remittances and financial development have positive effects on domestic investment. The positive interactive effect lends credence to that remittances and financial development act as complements in enhancing domestic investment. This suggests that financial sector is a strong transmission channel through which remittances positively affect investment in West African countries. The results further reveal that there exists a threshold effect of financial development in the remittances and investment nexus. More precisely, beyond a threshold of domestic credit to the private sector of about 21% of GDP, there is a positive and significant relationship between remittances and investment rate, while this relationship is negative under the threshold. It is, therefore, recommended that West African countries should adopt appropriate policies to increase their financial sector and lower transaction costs so that gains from remittances can effectively be channeled into investment and growth. In sum, issue of the mediating role of financial development needs to be taken into consideration in the examination of the nexus between remittances and investment.
A role for adverse childhood experiences and depression in preeclampsia
Authors: Myers Monica , Gumusoglu Serena , Brandt Debra , Stroud Amy , Hunter Stephen K. , Vignato Julie , Nuckols Virginia , Pierce Gary L. , Santillan Mark K. , Santillan Donna A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a measure of childhood adversity and are associated with life-long morbidity. The impacts of ACEs on peripartum health including preeclampsia, a common and dangerous hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, remain unclear, however. Therefore, we aimed to determine ACE association with peripartum psychiatric health and prevalence of preeclampsia using a case–control design.Methods:Clinical data were aggregated and validated using a large, intergenerational knowledgebase developed at our institution. Depression symptoms were measured by standard clinical screeners: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). ACEs were assessed via survey. Scores were compared between participants with (N= 32) and without (N= 46) prior preeclampsia.Results:Participants with ACE scores ≥4 had significantly greater odds of preeclampsia than those with scores ≤ 3 (adjusted odds ratio = 6.71, 95% confidence interval:1.13–40.00;p= 0.037). Subsequent speculative analyses revealed that increased odds of preeclampsia may be driven by increased childhood abuse and neglect dimensions of the ACE score. PHQ-9 scores (3.73 vs. 1.86,p= 0.03), EPDS scores (6.38 vs. 3.71,p= 0.01), and the incidence of depression (37.5% vs. 23.9%,p= 0.05) were significantly higher in participants with a history of preeclampsia versus controls.Conclusions:Childhood sets the stage for life-long health. Our findings suggest that ACEs may be a risk factor for preeclampsia and depression, uniting the developmental origins of psychiatric and obstetric risk.
Theoretical and experimental study on cutting temperature in the presence of drilling fluid during ice-core drilling
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Cao Pinlu , Wang Han , Yang He , Yin Qilei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Warm ice at temperatures close to the pressure melting point is often encountered in deep ice-core drilling. The heat generated by rotary cutting can melt ice chips, which seriously threatens the safety of drilling if the chips refreeze on the drill bit or barrel. Lowering the cutting heat is an effective method to reduce the melting of ice chips. In this study, a general theoretical model was established based on heat transfer theory and the cutting mechanism to calculate and analyze the cutter temperature during the circulation of the drilling fluid. The model was validated by a series of experiments, which demonstrated reasonable agreement between the calculated data and experimental results, with a maximum error of <16%. The factors that contribute to the rise in the cutter temperature during warm ice drilling were investigated. Results suggest that the drilling fluid has excellent cooling performance, and its type and flow rate have minimal impact on the cutter temperature. To mitigate the cutter temperature rise, maximizing the rake angle and thermal conductivity of the cutter, while minimizing the rotation speed of the drill bit, cutting depth, cutter width and friction coefficient between the ice and cutter is recommended.