bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanish Phonological Awareness in Kindergarten Uniquely Supports Second-Grade English Morphological Awareness in Spanish–English Dual Language Learners
Authors: Durant Kathleen , Jarmulowicz Linda , Harrell-Williams Leigh 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
This study investigated the longitudinal, cross-linguistic developmental relationships of phonological awareness (PA), letter identification (letter ID), and morphological awareness (MA) in 71 heritage Spanish–English dual language learners (DLLs) in kindergarten and second grade.

Method:
Multiple linear regression was used to test if kindergarten Spanish and English PA (sound elision and sound matching) and letter ID significantly predicted later English MA (oral derived word stress judgment, oral derivational morpheme blending, written derived word decomposition, and morphologically complex word spelling) performance in second grade.

Results:
Cross-linguistically, the PA skill of sound matching in kindergarten was the most reliable predictor of MA in second grade for Spanish–English DLLs. Spanish PA explained the majority of variation in oral MA skills in English. English PA was only uniquely predictive of written MA skills in English.

Conclusions:
Both the cognitive operation of sound sequence manipulation in PA (elision or matching) and the modality of morpheme representation in MA (oral or written) appear to mediate the transfer of metalinguistic knowledge in Spanish–English DLL development in early elementary school. Results are discussed within the context of classroom practices.
Black Box Long Covid
Authors: Heeser Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungMehr als 30 Millionen Menschen haben und hatten sich in Deutschland mit Covid-19 infiziert, und die Zahlen steigen weiter. Darunter sind viele Pflegekräfte und Ärzte. Nach überstandener Infektion leiden etwa 15 bis 30 Prozent an Spätfolgen, dem sogenannten Long Covid oder auch Post Covid. Für die Statistik sind sie genesen, aber viele können ihren Arbeitsalltag nicht in gewohnter Weise bewältigen. Sie haben kaum mehr Energie für die einfachsten Tätigkeiten, einige werden arbeitsunfähig.
Monitoring Measurable/Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Multiparametric Flow Cytometry-Based Approach
Authors: Tembhare Prashant Ramesh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMeasurable/minimal residual disease (MRD) status is the most relevant predictor of clinical outcome in hematolymphoid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In contrast to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, etc., AML is a widely heterogeneous neoplasm with poor clinical outcomes. Multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) is a powerful technology with high sensitivity, rapid results, cost-effectiveness, and easy availability. It is routinely used for diagnosing and MRD monitoring in many hematological neoplasms. However, MFC-based MRD monitoring in AML is complex and challenging. It requires a refined approach, a wide panel of markers, and adequate training and experience. This review focuses on the panel design, processing details, template design, analysis approach, and recent updates in MFC-based MRD monitoring in AML. It further describes the normal distribution and maturation patterns of various sublineages among hematological progenitors and their utility in studying AML MRD.
Primary Resistance to ALK Inhibitors in a Patient with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer with ALK Rearrangement: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Devaraj Suma , Panda Soumya Surath , Arun Gourab , Panda Adya Kinkar , Mohapatra Debahuti , Moharana Lalatendu , Kolluri Spoorthy , Kilaru Sindhu , Mohanty Swati Sucharita , Biswas Ghanashyam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (ALKi) are the standard of care for metastatic ALK-rearranged nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Though most patients respond well to ALK, seldom there are instances where the disease progresses rapidly. Here, we present a case of a 41-years-old male diagnosed as NSCLC with ALK rearrangement. Despite being started on first- and second-generation ALK-targeted therapy, he had rapid disease progression ultimately succumbing to the disease within 3 months of diagnosis. We suspect that our patient has a variant of ALK, making him resistant to both first- and second-line targeted therapy. Subjecting such nonresponders to next-generation sequencing and identifying the variants might help to recognize a subset of patients among ALK+ NSCLC who will need intense monitoring and early institution of other therapies for a better outcome.
Supervised Exercise Training May Improve Postural Control in Patients with Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Degache Francis , Mak Willy , Calanca Luca , Mazzolai Lucia , Lanzi Stefano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) have been shown to present balance disorders and a history of falling, which are associated with functional and daily life impairments. Although postural control improvement is an important outcome, the benefits of supervised exercise training (SET) on postural control have been seldom investigated in these patients. This article investigates the effects of SET on traditional measures of postural control and on stabilogram-diffusion analysis (SDA) parameters in patients with symptomatic PAD. Patients with symptomatic chronic lower limb claudication were investigated. All subjects who completed the 3-month multimodal SET program and postural control assessment before and after SET were included. Center of pressure trajectory analysis and SDA parameters were investigated using a posturographic platform. Patients were instructed to stand on the platform and maintain balance to their best ability. Treadmill pain-free (PFWD) and maximal (MWD) walking distances were also assessed prior and following SET. Forty-four patients with PAD (65.2 ± 9.8 years, 34% women) were investigated. All postural control parameters were unchanged following SET, except the length of center of pressure displacement as a function of the surface of center of pressure trajectory (LFS), which was significantly increased (before SET: 1.4 ± 0.4; after SET: 1.5 ± 0.5; p = 0.042). PFWD (before SET: 103.5 ± 77.9 m; after SET: 176.8 ± 130.6 m; p ≤ 0.001) and MWD (before SET: 383.6 ± 272.0 m; after SET: 686.4 ± 509.0 m; p ≤ 0.001) significantly improved following SET. The increased LFS suggests a better postural control accuracy following SET in patients with symptomatic PAD.
InGaAs/AlInAsSb avalanche photodiodes with low noise and strong temperature stability
Authors: Guo Bingtian , Schwartz Mariah , Kodati Sri H. , McNicholas Kyle M. , Jung Hyemin , Lee Seunghyun , Konowitch Jason , Chen Dekang , Bai Junwu , Guo Xiangwen , Ronningen Theodore J. , Grein Christoph H. , Campbell Joe C. , Krishna Sanjay 
Published: November 2023

High-sensitivity avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are used to amplify weak optical signals in a wide range of applications, including telecommunications, data centers, spectroscopy, imaging, light detection and ranging, medical diagnostics, and quantum applications. This paper reports antimony-based separate absorption, charge, and multiplication structure APDs on InP substrates. Al0.7In0.3As0.79Sb0.21 is used for the multiplier region, and InGaAs is used as the absorber. The excess noise is comparable to that of silicon APDs; the k-value is more than one order of magnitude lower than that of APDs that use InP or InAlAs for the gain region. The external quantum efficiency without an anti-reflection coating at 1550 nm is 57%. The gradient of the temperature coefficient of avalanche breakdown voltage is 6.7 mV/K/μm, which is less than one-sixth that of InP APDs, presenting the potential to reduce the cost and complexity of receiver circuits. Semi-insulating InP substrates make high-speed operation practical for widely reported AlxIn1−xAsySb1−y-based APDs.
Study of displacement damage effects in InGaAs PIN photodiode under 10 MeV proton irradiation
Authors: Li Rui , Li Yudong , Maliya Heini , Zhang Ruiqin , Wang Xin , Jiang Yi , Zhou Dong , Guo Qi 
Published: November 2023

The displacement damage effect of 10 MeV proton radiation on a high-speed InGaAs PIN photodiode has been experimentally investigated to evaluate the stability of the device in a space radiation environment. The results show that the dark current and low-frequency noise of the device increase significantly after irradiation, while the capacitance of the device decreases slightly after irradiation, where the spectral response parameters are less affected by irradiation. The increase in dark current is essentially linear with the displacement damage dose. Finally, the effect of proton irradiation on the optical communication system is simulated and the results show that the bit error rate of the system increases with the increase in irradiation fluence, which seriously affects the sensitivity of the optical communication system.
General practice accreditation – does time spent on-site matter?
Authors: Jones Michael , McNaughton David , Mara Paul 
Published: November 2023

Background Accreditation to the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners Standards for general practices was developed with the intent of giving assurance to the public as to the safety and quality of general practice. The standards have undergone several iterative changes but have had little empirical validation since the original entry standards. Objective To compare the rate of indicator non-conformity between a full-day survey visit conducted under the 5th edition standards against the half-day visit conducted under the 4th edition standards. Results More non-conformities were identified with the 5th edition standards (full-day visit) with a median 86% met (IQR: 14; n = 926) compared with the 4th edition standards (half-day visit) with a median 95% met (IQR: 7; n = 1687; P < 0.0001; bootstrapped t-test). Discussion The difference in conformity between editions does not appear to relate to different requirements in the two standards editions. The key variable affecting the different outcomes between the edition assessments was time spent on-site by surveyors during a survey visit.
“Does being pretty help?”
Authors: Cohen-Achdut Miri , Shor Leon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The article analyzes debut interviews of female Israeli politicians, in which the interviewees are faced with
questions or statements that imply that their gender, ethnicity or background prevent them from fulfilling their function as
politicians successfully, in accordance with the “Gendered mediation thesis” (GoodYear-Grant
2013). We focus on the interviewees’ responses to these questions, and particularly on how grammatically negative
utterances are deployed in the service of coping with the presuppositions directed at them. The analysis indicates that the
negative utterances do not carry the full weight of rejection of implied presuppositions. Moreover, in some cases negative
utterances are used by the speakers as part of a hedging strategy. By describing the role of negation in debut interviews of
female Israeli politicians, the paper aims to advance a more comprehensive understanding of linguistic patterns used by women, and
other silenced groups, to cope with biased representation.
Characterizing phonemic fluency by transfer learning with deep language models
Authors: Mole Joe , Nelson Amy , Chan Edgar , Cipolotti Lisa , Nachev Parashkev 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though phonemic fluency tasks are traditionally indexed by the number of correct responses, the underlying disorder may shape the specific choice of words—both correct and erroneous. We report the first comprehensive qualitative analysis of incorrect and correct words generated on the phonemic (‘S’) fluency test, in a large sample of patients (n = 239) with focal, unilateral frontal or posterior lesions and healthy controls (n = 136). We conducted detailed qualitative analyses of the single words generated in the phonemic fluency task using categorical descriptions for different types of errors, low-frequency words and clustering/switching. We further analysed patients’ and healthy controls’ entire sequences of words by employing stochastic block modelling of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3–based deep language representations. We conducted predictive modelling to investigate whether deep language representations of word sequences improved the accuracy of detecting the presence of frontal lesions using the phonemic fluency test. Our qualitative analyses of the single words generated revealed several novel findings. For the different types of errors analysed, we found a non-lateralized frontal effect for profanities, left frontal effects for proper nouns and permutations and a left posterior effect for perseverations. For correct words, we found a left frontal effect for low-frequency words. Our novel large language model–based approach found five distinct communities whose varied word selection patterns reflected characteristic demographic and clinical features. Predictive modelling showed that a model based on Generative Pretrained Transformer 3–derived word sequence representations predicted the presence of frontal lesions with greater fidelity than models of native features. Our study reveals a characteristic pattern of phonemic fluency responses produced by patients with frontal lesions. These findings demonstrate the significant inferential and diagnostic value of characterizing qualitative features of phonemic fluency performance with large language models and stochastic block modelling.
Case report: high-dose carvedilol as a potential key drug for arrhythmias in histiocytoid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yoshida Rei , Sakaguchi Heima , Kato Yoshiaki , Kurosaki Kenichi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy is a rare infancy cardiac disorder manifesting as severe cardiac arrhythmias or dilated cardiomyopathy. There is no specific treatment for these arrhythmias. This is the first report of infantile histiocytoid cardiomyopathy whose refractory ventricular arrhythmias were successfully controlled by high-dose carvedilol.

Case summary
A 4-month-old girl presented with asystole, and recurrent ventricular tachycardias. From the histological findings and clinical symptoms, she was diagnosed as histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. Sedatives were the most effective therapy for her arrhythmia, but the cardiac sympathetic denervation was not effective enough. Finally, her ventricular arrhythmias were controlled with high-dose carvedilol, and she was discharged on hospitalization Day 393.

Discussion
Carvedilol is the only beta blocker that directly acts on the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and inhibits store-overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) in myocardium at high dosage. The arrhythmias did not disappear with bisoprolol, landiolol, or verapamil, but high-dose carvedilol was effective. This clinical course suggested that the arrhythmias in histiocytoid cardiomyopathy might be related with SOICR. High-dose carvedilol might be a key drug for patients with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy.
Optimal Non-Gaussian Dvoretzky–Milman Embeddings
Authors: Bartl Daniel , Mendelson Shahar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct the first non-gaussian ensemble that yields the optimal estimate in the Dvoretzky–Milman Theorem: the ensemble exhibits almost Euclidean sections in arbitrary normed spaces of the same dimension as the gaussian embedding—despite being very far from gaussian (in fact, it happens to be heavy-tailed).
86. Effect of Oral Fosfomycin Compared to the Intravenous Beta Lactam/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor or Carbapenem in Step-down Treatment of Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection due to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Controlled, Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Seo Jun-won , Young Kim Da , Yoon Youngmin , Sang Lyu Young , Sub Na Yong , Sik Moon Do , Ra Yun Na , Seok Kim Min , Kim Jeong-Han , Woon Bae Sang , Hur Jian , Hyung Kim Min , Soo Park Yoon , Kim Heejung , Lee Hyungdon , Jang Hee-Chang , Kim Dong-Min 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The widespread use of carbapenem in the treatment of UTIs caused by ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae has led to the emergence of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae. In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to determine whether oral fosfomycin was inferior to carbapenems or beta-lactamase inhibitors (BL/BLIs) in treatment of complicated UTIs caused by ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae.

Methods
This study was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial conducted at four tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 at the time of step-down therapy, to continue carbapenem or BL/BLIs already in use or to switch to oral fosfomycin (Figure 1). The antibiotic treatment period was set to 10 days in total. The primary end point was clinical resolution of UTIs related symptom and signs within 4 days after the end of treatment. This trial is registered with cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0007669).

Results
Between Nov 1, 2022, and Apr 30, 2023, 250 patients were screened for eligibility. 96 patients were randomly allocated to receive oral fosfomycin or maintain empirical carbapenem or BL/BLIs, of whom 93 were analyzed (Figure 2). Most of demographic and baseline characteristics showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (Table 1). The primary endpoint was achieved by 45 (93.8%) of 48 patients in the oral fosfomycin group and 43 (95.6%) of 45 patients in the carbapenem or BL/BLIs group (Figure 3). As a result of the subgroup analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for all subgroup items (Figure 4). Microbiological cure in urine specimen was met in 47 of 48 (97.9%) assigned to oral fosfomycin and 44 of 45 (97.8%) assigned to carbapenem or BL/BLIs (Table 2). Side effects were observed in both groups during the treatment period, but the serious adverse events were not observed in both groups (Table 3).

Conclusion
Oral fosfomycin is not inferior to carbapenem or BL/BLIs for the step-down treatment of complicated UTIs caused by ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, it is one of the optimal treatment options applicable to the strategy of changing to early oral antibiotics in the step-down treatment of complicated UTIs caused by ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
974. Real World Experience of Posaconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Oncology Patients: Clinical Implications of Hypoalbuminemia as a Predictor of Subtherapeutic Posaconazole Levels
Authors: Pasikhova Yanina , Greene John , Morrison Austin R , Handley Guy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Posaconazole (POS) is utilized for prophylaxis or treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients with malignancies or following stem cell transplant (SCT). Subtherapeutic levels may be associated with breakthrough infection and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended. Timely measurements are not available at most institutions. We sought to identify factors associated with subtherapeutic POS levels in high-risk patients for IFI.

Methods
Patients at an NCI designated cancer center with POS level from 06/2021 to 07/2022 were evaluated for risk factors associated with subtherapeutic levels. Only patients with at least one level receiving oral delayed release tablets or IV formulations were included.

Results
A total of 66 patients were identified with 61 included. 46 had hematologic malignancies, 27 underwent SCT, 4 were treated with chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Majority were male with a median age of 64 years old, a median BMI of 26.26 and a weight of 75.9 kilograms.
POS was used for treatment of IFI in 53 patients. Median time from initiation to level was 13 days. The median level was 1.74mcg/mL. whereas for patients with a BMI above 30 (17/61), median level was 1.17mcg/mL. Hypoalbuminemia, defined as ≤ 3g/dL, was seen in 28 patients and was associated with statistically higher rates of sub-therapeutic levels for target levels reported for treatment of 1.25mcg/mL (18/28; p=0.004), 1.5mcg/mL (20/28; p=0.012) and 1.8mcg/mL (22/28; p=0.016).
Only one breakthrough IFI occurred on patients receiving POS for prophylaxis compared to two patients receiving POS for treatment: both with subtherapeutic levels. Only one patient discontinued the drug due to intolerance. No discontinuations occurred due to liver toxicity or QTc prolongation.

Conclusion
Therapeutic levels are critical for treatment and prophylaxis of IFI in oncology patients and delays in accurate measurements are common. In our analysis, hypoalbuminemia was associated with subtherapeutic levels at standard dosing, and higher initial dosing may be considered in high-risk patients with hypoalbuminemia particularly for treatment of IFI.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
982. A Comparison of Decolonization Methods and Impact on MRSA Infection in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hiermandi Nahid , Foster Catherine , Purnell Krystal , Campbell Judith R , Marquez Lucila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes morbidity and mortality in premature hospitalized neonates. MRSA colonization is a risk factor for transmission and outbreaks within neonatal intensive care units. Decolonization aims to stop MRSA transmission and infection. National guidelines lack recommendations for which decolonization practices are the most effective in neonates. We hypothesize that both topical mupirocin and chlorhexidine (CHG) is more effective than mupirocin alone at preventing MRSA infection in neonates.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we compared the rates of MRSA infection among all colonized neonates admitted to a 42 bed NICU at Texas Children’s Hospital from 2012 to 2020. Our surveillance and decolonization protocol (Figure 1) was introduced in October 2016. The MRSA screening methodology initially consisted of culture, then was changed to PCR (reflexed to culture if MRSA was detected). We grouped colonized neonates as those who underwent no decolonization, partial decolonization (mupirocin only), and full decolonization (CHG+ mupirocin) and compared the rates of infection in each. Infection was defined by isolation of MRSA from any specimen in the context of illness. This study was approved through the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board.
Figure 1
MRSA surveillance and decolonization protocol

Results
7,980 neonates were admitted to the NICU from 2012-2020. Of those screened, 128 were MRSA-colonized. Eighteen were fully decolonized, 76 partially decolonized and 34 received neither (Table 1). Zero infants who underwent full decolonization had MRSA infection. Decolonized infants were less likely to develop infection (OR 0.56, 95% C.I. 0.2-1.58) compared to infants who did not undergo any decolonization. Neonates who received only mupirocin (due to age) were less likely to develop infection (OR 0.72, 95% C.I. 0.26-2.04), however this reduction was not as impactful as with the combination of CHG and mupirocin (Figure 2).
Table 1
MRSA infection rates by category of decolonization
Figure 2
Comparison of MRSA infection between decolonized vs not decolonized and mupirocin vs no mupirocin with odds ratio and relative risk

Conclusion
Neonates who received CHG and mupirocin did not develop MRSA infection, and decolonization with mupirocin alone provides some but not as much protection from MRSA disease as does both mupirocin and CHG. Further studies should evaluate the safety of CHG wipes in neonates less than 36 weeks gestation/4 weeks chronologic age.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures