bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an electromagnetic bulk wave EMAT
Authors: Huo Zhilin , Cai Daomeng , Liu Donghang , Duan Yiyang , Meng Hao , Liu Siqv , Liu Xiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
EMATs have the advantages of non-contact, no coupling, flexible structure, and convenient use. It is widely used in the field of ultrasonic non-destructive testing. At present, research on EMATs mainly focuses on permanent magnet EMATs, but permanent magnet EMATs have defects such as inconvenient movement and lack of high-temperature resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to study electromagnet EMATs. This article focuses on an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) for detecting ferromagnetic materials. By analyzing the two mechanisms of Lorentz force and magnetostriction, the aim is to develop an electromagnet EMAT that excites transverse waves. Based on the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics, simulation analysis is conducted on the E-shaped yoke and cylindrical yoke, spiral coil, and butterfly coil, exploring the impact of different yoke structures and excitation coils on EMAT detection. Finally, by constructing an experimental system, it has been proven that the transducer can excite transverse waves in the direction of steel plate thickness, making it easy for signal analysis.
Study on Three-dimensional Impinging Jet Flow and Heat Transfer of Dryer for Gravure Printing and Coating Machine
Authors: Huang Xuejia , Bao Nengsheng , Fei Shiliang , Xu Peng , She E-zhen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Drying system is the largest energy consumption of equipment parts of solvent-based printing and coating equipment. How to optimize to design the equipment is of the highlights of this research field. According to this demand, a mathematical model of fluid flow of the drying oven is developed. By building a testing platform and using RNG k-epsilon two-equation turbulence model in Fluent Software to analyze three-dimensional impinging jet flow and heat transfer process of hot air drying in conventional drying oven. The results show that the separation of some boundary layers and undesirable swirls, which result in the non-uniform velocity field and temperature field of hot air from nozzles and no promotion to the drying effect, because of unreasonable design of the drying oven.
Design and implementation of a distributed fire monitoring and alarm system based on LoRa
Authors: Wang Yan , Tan Hong-hua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fire has strong destructive power and wide influence, which is a serious hidden danger to regional economic development. This paper takes the distributed fire monitoring and alarm system based on LoRa as the research object. Firstly, the basic frame structure is described, and then the system is formed from three aspects: perception, collection and application. Finally, the system is tested and analyzed to ensure the orderly development of social economy for the development direction of fire monitoring and alarm system.
Design and Application of Downhole Drilling Mud Pulse Signal Transmission System
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Gang , Li Changkun , Xu Changlong , Xia Hongyun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Time-efficient measurement of undisturbed formation through measurement while drilling technology is an effective means to improve drilling efficiency in deep formations and increase the drilling-encounter ratio of reservoirs. Based on the application and development trend of existing downhole signal transmission technology, a pulse signal transmission system of downhole mud while drilling is designed. The system pulse generation device adopts the structure of a positive pulse generator, which is through the internal driving circuit and hydraulic circuit of the device to drive the valve head to move to generate a mud pulse signal while using the design of a limit switch to optimize the expansion spacing of the valve head so that the generated pulse signal amplitude is close. The system uses combined encoding as the encoding method, while the ground part of the system is designed to monitor and process the collected signals. Finally, the transmission capability and accuracy of the system are tested through field experiments, and the field results show that the system can work smoothly in the downhole environment to transmit downhole data to the wellhead with small errors, which meets the design requirements and field requirements. The field applications are carried out in several wells, such as the Shixi 105 well. The results show that the system has good downhole pulse signal transmission functions such as borehole inclination measurement, which helps to promote the development of existing drilling measurement technology.
Fault diagnosis of brushless DC motor based on Stack Sparse Autoencoder
Authors: Du Qiang , Zhu Danjiang , Ni Ming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Because of their simple structure, long service life, high efficiency, etc., brushless DC (BLDC) motors have been widely applied in many fields. In some applications, high requirements for BLDC continuous use of motors, so often to BLDC running state monitoring of motors, realizes the early fault diagnosis, to improve the reliability, safety, and prolonged use. To solve this problem, a BLDC fault diagnosis method based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Stacked Sparse Auto-encoder (SSAE), and soft classifier was proposed. In the laboratory, a BLDC model R-3525 was used as the experimental equipment, and the data of 9 kinds of fault conditions such as bearing damage, cage damage, inner and outer ring damage, and the normal condition of the motor were collected. The collected data are transformed into 28 × 28 two-dimensional data sets by FFT. The feature expressions of various faults are adaptively learned from many data, and the intelligent diagnosis of the motor is realized by the feature function expression. The experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison to the single neural network approach, the stacked method can significantly enhance the precision of fault classification and achieve fault diagnosis for brushless DC motors. This method carries valuable implications for other varieties of BLDC motors.
Sequential procedure to investigate the optimal ranges of process parameters for the FSW of AA8090
Authors: Dahiya Munna Singh , Gupta Meenu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the optimum range of process parameters for Friction Stir welding of AA8090. In the present research work, an experiment has been made to join AA8090 alloy using friction stir welding (FSW) at different rotational speed, welding speed and tilt angle settings. The FSW was done on the CNC (Computer Numeric Control) Vertical milling machine using fixture and a cylindrical threaded tool. For designing experiments, the steepest ascent technique (Factorial Design) was used considering tilt angle, welding speed and rotational speed as input parameters and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as an output parameter. The metallurgical and mechanical characteristics were investigated and considered while providing the sequential procedure for the optimal range. The optimum range of values observed at tilt angle (1.1° to 1.9°), welding speed (24.6 to 48.2 mm min−1), and rotational speed (1428 to 1876 r min−1). The maximum value of UTS (365 MPa) is obtained at rotational speed of 1652 r min−1, welding speed of 36.4 mm min−1, and tilt angle of 1.5°. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscope were used for fractrography and microstructural analyses of the joints. The finer grains are observed in the NZ equated to the HAZ and TMAZ.
A contrastive characterization of pure Mg and AZ91D alloy based on the testing of mechanical, corrosion, wear, and erosion properties
Authors: Rallabandi Sivasankara Raju , Srinivas Lakshmi , Palli Srihari , Sharma Rakesh Chandmal , Sharma Neeraj , Sharma Ashwini , Sharma Sunil Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Magnesium alloy of grade AZ91D is utilized for a variety of applications in aircraft design and frames, as well as vehicle engine radiators, bumpers, and suspension components to reduce the weight of automobiles. This research compared the mechanical, corrosion, wear, and erosion resistance of pure Mg to that of AZ91 alloy. The corrosion media was NaCl, NaOH, and MgSO4, and the weight loss method was utilised to evaluate corrosion. The pin-on-disc configuration was utilized to assess the dry sliding wear mechanism of the Pure Mg and AZ91D alloy. Pure monolithic Mg and AZ91D magnesium alloy have a low resistance to wear as a result of an increase in contact temperature brought about by a shift of operational conditions. Erosive wear is caused when solid particles in a liquid or air jet strike a surface. Significantly influencing the erosive wear are particle velocity, impact angle, and erodent particle size. In this work, the erosive wear of AZ91D was studied using an Air jet erosion tester. SiO2 was used as the eroding material, and the flow rate of the eroding material and air was 5 gm min−1. The erosive factor experiments are designed using Taguchi orthogonal array (L16). The erosive factor response is erosion rate and primarily regulated by three factors as angle (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°), time (5 and 10 min) and, contact pressure (1 and 2 bar). The results of the experiments showed that the rate of wear increased with increasing pressure, and that the angle of impact of the jet at 60° caused the most wear of any of the tested angles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that time is the most important factor in determining erosive rate for AZ91D. SEM is used to investigate the structure and morphology of worn-out materials, and its findings are then confirmed.
Multipoint-BAX: a new approach for efficiently tuning particle accelerator emittance via virtual objectives
Authors: Ayoub Miskovich Sara , Neiswanger Willie , Colocho William , Emma Claudio , Garrahan Jacqueline , Maxwell Timothy , Mayes Christopher , Ermon Stefano , Edelen Auralee , Ratner Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough beam emittance is critical for the performance of high-brightness accelerators, optimization is often time limited as emittance calculations, commonly done via quadrupole scans, are typically slow. Such calculations are a type ofmultipoint query, i.e. each query requires multiple secondary measurements. Traditional black-box optimizers such as Bayesian optimization are slow and inefficient when dealing with such objectives as they must acquire the full series of measurements, but return only the emittance, with each query. We propose a new information-theoretic algorithm,Multipoint-BAX, for black-box optimization on multipoint queries, which queries and models individual beam-size measurements using techniques from Bayesian Algorithm Execution (BAX). Our method avoids the slow multipoint query on the accelerator by acquiring points through avirtual objective, i.e. calculating the emittance objective from a fast learned model rather than directly from the accelerator. We useMultipoint-BAXto minimize emittance at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests II (FACET-II). In simulation, our method is 20× faster and more robust to noise compared to existing methods. In live tests, it matched the hand-tuned emittance at FACET-II and achieved a 24% lower emittance than hand-tuning at LCLS. Our method represents a conceptual shift for optimizing multipoint queries, and we anticipate that it can be readily adapted to similar problems in particle accelerators and other scientific instruments.
Explainable representation learning of small quantum states
Authors: Frohnert Felix , van Nieuwenburg Evert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Unsupervised machine learning models build an internal representation of their training data without the need for explicit human guidance or feature engineering. This learned representation provides insights into which features of the data are relevant for the task at hand. In the context of quantum physics, training models to describe quantum states without human intervention offers a promising approach to gaining insight into how machines represent complex quantum states. The ability to interpret the learned representation may offer a new perspective on non-trivial features of quantum systems and their efficient representation. We train a generative model on two-qubit density matrices generated by a parameterized quantum circuit. In a series of computational experiments, we investigate the learned representation of the model and its internal understanding of the data. We observe that the model learns an interpretable representation which relates the quantum states to their underlying entanglement characteristics. In particular, our results demonstrate that the latent representation of the model is directly correlated with the entanglement measure concurrence. The insights from this study represent proof of concept toward interpretable machine learning of quantum states. Our approach offers insight into how machines learn to represent small-scale quantum systems autonomously.
mtFRC: depth-dependent resolution quantification of image features in 3D fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Wright Neil , Rowlands Christopher J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Quantifying lateral resolution as a function of depth is important in the design of 3D microscopy experiments. However, for many specimens, resolution is non-uniform within the same optical plane because of factors such as tissue variability and differential light scattering. This precludes application of a simple resolution metric to the image as a whole. In such cases, it can be desirable to analyse resolution only within specific, well-defined features.

Results
An algorithm and software are presented to characterize resolution as a function of depth in features of arbitrary shape in 3D samples. The tool can be used to achieve an objective comparison between different preparation methods, imaging parameters, and optical systems. It can also inform the design of experiments requiring resolution of structures at a specific scale. The method is demonstrated by quantifying the improvement in resolution of two-photon microscopy over confocal in the central brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Measurement of image quality increases by tuning a single parameter, laser power, is also shown. An ImageJ plugin implementation is provided for ease of use via a simple Graphical User Interface, with outputs in table, graph, and colourmap formats.

Availability and implementation
Software and source code are available at https://www.imperial.ac.uk/rowlands-lab/resources/.
Impact of preoperative uni- or multimodal prehabilitation on postoperative morbidity: meta-analysis
Authors: Cambriel Amélie , Choisy Benjamin , Hedou Julien , Bonnet Marie-Pierre , Fellous Souad , Lefevre Jérémie H , Voron Thibault , Gaudillière Dyani , Kin Cindy , Gaudillière Brice , Verdonk Franck 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Postoperative complications occur in up to 43% of patients after surgery, resulting in increased morbidity and economic burden. Prehabilitation has the potential to increase patients’ preoperative health status and thereby improve postoperative outcomes. However, reported results of prehabilitation are contradictory. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes (postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, pain at postoperative day 1) in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods
The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs published between January 2006 and June 2023 comparing prehabilitation programmes lasting ≥14 days to ‘standard of care’ (SOC) and reporting postoperative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO. The primary outcome examined was the effect of uni- or multimodal prehabilitation on 30-day complications. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stay (LOS) and reported pain scores.

Results
Twenty-five studies (including 2090 patients randomized in a 1:1 ratio) met the inclusion criteria. Average methodological study quality was moderate. There was no difference between prehabilitation and SOC groups in regard to occurrence of postoperative complications (OR = 1.02, 95% c.i. 0.93 to 1.13; P = 0.10; I2 = 34%), total hospital LOS (−0.13 days; 95% c.i. −0.56 to 0.28; P = 0.53; I2 = 21%) or reported postoperative pain. The ICU LOS was significantly shorter in the prehabilitation group (−0.57 days; 95% c.i. −1.10 to −0.04; P = 0.03; I2 = 46%). Separate comparison of uni- and multimodal prehabilitation showed no difference for either intervention.

Conclusion
Prehabilitation reduces ICU LOS compared with SOC in elective surgery patients but has no effect on overall complication rates or total LOS, regardless of modality. Prehabilitation programs need standardization and specific targeting of those patients most likely to benefit.
Potential role of the sella turcica X-ray imaging aspects for sex estimation in the field of forensic anthropology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Esther C , de Mendonça Diego S , de Barros Silva Paulo G , Kurita Lúcio M , de Aguiar Andréa S W , Tuji Fabrício M , Neves Frederico S , Carvalho Francisco S R , Costa Fábio W G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Several studies have evaluated the parameters of normality of the sella turcica (ST), which is important to face different craniofacial syndromes that may affect this structure. Therefore, this research summarized the scientific evidence on the role of ST in the sex estimation of non-syndromic individuals. The research protocol was registered (Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews # CRD42021256469), followed by an electronic search in six databases (PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and LIVIVO) and gray literature (Google Scholar and OpenGrey). Meta-analysis of linear (width, length, height, and diameter) and volumetric measurements, in addition to an assessment of risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence, were performed. After the screening of 986 articles, 13 were evaluated by meta-analysis (1 307 males and 1 231 females). In subgroup analysis, females had lower values for width (lateral radiograph; −0.67 mm; P = 0.040), length (computed tomography; −0.23 mm; P = 0.020), and diameter (computed tomography; −0.27 mm; P &lt; 0.001) compared to males. There was no statistically significant difference regarding height (P = 0.95), area (P = 0.72), and volume (P = 0.21). Most studies exhibited moderate RoB, and the certainty of evidence of the outcomes was very low. In this review, significant differences were observed between the sexes for the length and diameter of the ST; however, the heterogeneity of the studies must be considered.

Key points
Gibberellins involved in fruit ripening and softening by mediating multiple hormonal signals in tomato
Authors: Wu Mengbo , Liu Kaidong , Li Honghai , Li Ying , Zhu Yunqi , Su Dan , Zhang Yaoxin , Deng Heng , Wang Yikui , Liu Mingchun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is well known for its important role in the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the role and mode of action of other plant hormones in climacteric fruit ripening regulation are not fully understood. Here, we showed that exogenous GA treatment or increasing endogenous gibberellin content by overexpressing the gibberellin synthesis gene SlGA3ox2 specifically in fruit tissues delayed tomato fruit ripening, whereas treatment with the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) accelerated fruit ripening. Moreover, exogenous ethylene treatment cannot completely reverse the delayed fruit ripening phenotype. Furthermore, exogenous GA treatment of ethylene signalling mutant Never ripe (Nr) or SlEBF3-overexpressing lines still delayed fruit ripening, suggesting that GA involved in fruit ripening partially depends on ethylene. Transcriptome profiling showed that gibberellin affect the ripening of fruits by modulating the metabolism and signal transduction of multiple plant hormones, such as auxin and abscisic acid, in addition to ethylene. Overall, the results of this study provide new insight into the regulation of gibberellin in fruit ripening through mediating multiple hormone signals.
The stress response of the seagrassZostera nolteiand three commercial clam species to low salinity associated with heavy rainfall
Authors: Román Salvador , Vázquez Elsa , Román Marta , Viejo Rosa M , Weidberg Nicolás , Troncoso Jesús S , Woodin Sarah A , Wethey David S , Olabarria Celia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe maintenance of stocks of estuarine species strongly depends on the ability of the species to cope with environmental stress. In NW Spain, commercial clam beds, which are usually co-occupied by the seagrass Zostera noltei, are often exposed to reduced salinity caused by intense rainfalls. Our goals were to evaluate the effects of low salinity events on both juvenile clams and Z. noltei, including their interactions. A mesocosm experiment was performed to simulate three salinity decreases (35–35, 25–10, and 20–5), and several indicators of clam and seagrass performance were measured after 3 and 6 days of exposure and again after a recovery period of 4 days. No differences were observed in the non-native clam Ruditapes philippinarum, while oxygen consumption, clearance rate and growth decreased significantly in the native clams R. decussatus and Venerupis corrugata in response to low salinity stress. Zostera noltei indicators did not vary in response to low salinity exposure, except the sucrose content, which decreased. Moreover, the seagrass buffered juvenile clams from salinity fluctuations in the short term, although the interactions were weak. The species-specific sensitivity to low salinity should be a major concern in future management plans for the shellfish beds in the context of climate change.
FLT3 signaling augments macrophage production from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kitajima Kenji , Shingai Minako , Ando Hikaru , Hara Takahiko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent advances in cell engineering technologies enable immune cells to be utilized for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy against cancers. Macrophages have the potential to directly and indirectly exterminate cancers and are therefore an attractive option for therapies. To develop new ACT therapies using macrophages, a great number of macrophages are required. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are expected to be a source of macrophages; therefore, a system to efficiently produce macrophages from human iPSCs is needed. Here, we demonstrated that human iPSCs were robustly differentiated into macrophages by enforced FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) signaling via the introduction of exogenous FLT3 into iPSCs and the addition of its ligand FLT3L to the macrophage induction culture. These iPSC-derived macrophages were identical to those obtained by standard differentiation induction methods. Thus, our novel system enables the preparation of scalable macrophages from human iPSCs. We believe that this system will be useful to develop a novel ACT therapy using macrophages.