bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer detection accuracy of AI in an entire screening population: a retrospective, multicentre study
Authors: Elhakim Mohammad Talal , Stougaard Sarah Wordenskjold , Graumann Ole , Nielsen Mads , Lång Kristina , Gerke Oke , Larsen Lisbet Brønsro , Rasmussen Benjamin Schnack Brandt 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are proposed as a replacement of the first reader in double reading within mammography screening. We aimed to assess cancer detection accuracy of an AI system in a Danish screening population.

Methods
We retrieved a consecutive screening cohort from the Region of Southern Denmark including all participating women between Aug 4, 2014, and August 15, 2018. Screening mammograms were processed by a commercial AI system and detection accuracy was evaluated in two scenarios, Standalone AI and AI-integrated screening replacing first reader, with first reader and double reading with arbitration (combined reading) as comparators, respectively. Two AI-score cut-off points were applied by matching at mean first reader sensitivity (AIsens) and specificity (AIspec). Reference standard was histopathology-proven breast cancer or cancer-free follow-up within 24 months. Coprimary endpoints were sensitivity and specificity, and secondary endpoints were positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), recall rate, and arbitration rate. Accuracy estimates were calculated using McNemar’s test or exact binomial test.

Results
Out of 272,008 screening mammograms from 158,732 women, 257,671 (94.7%) with adequate image data were included in the final analyses. Sensitivity and specificity were 63.7% (95% CI 61.6%-65.8%) and 97.8% (97.7-97.8%) for first reader, and 73.9% (72.0-75.8%) and 97.9% (97.9-98.0%) for combined reading, respectively. Standalone AIsens showed a lower specificity (-1.3%) and PPV (-6.1%), and a higher recall rate (+ 1.3%) compared to first reader (p < 0.0001 for all), while Standalone AIspec had a lower sensitivity (-5.1%; p < 0.0001), PPV (-1.3%; p = 0.01) and NPV (-0.04%; p = 0.0002). Compared to combined reading, Integrated AIsens achieved higher sensitivity (+ 2.3%; p = 0.0004), but lower specificity (-0.6%) and PPV (-3.9%) as well as higher recall rate (+ 0.6%) and arbitration rate (+ 2.2%; p < 0.0001 for all). Integrated AIspec showed no significant difference in any outcome measures apart from a slightly higher arbitration rate (p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed higher detection of interval cancers by Standalone AI and Integrated AI at both thresholds (p < 0.0001 for all) with a varying composition of detected cancers across multiple subgroups of tumour characteristics.

Conclusions
Replacing first reader in double reading with an AI could be feasible but choosing an appropriate AI threshold is crucial to maintaining cancer detection accuracy and workload.
Chromatographic separation of silver-111 from neutron-irradiated palladium target: toward direct labeling of radiotracers
Authors: Tosato Marianna , Gandini Andrea , Happel Steffen , Bas Marine , Donzella Antonietta , Zenoni Aldo , Salvini Andrea , Andrighetto Alberto , Di Marco Valerio , Asti Mattia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Silver-111 is a promising β−-emitting radioisotope with ideal characteristics for targeted radionuclide therapy and associated single photon emission tomography imaging. Its decay properties closely resemble the clinically established lutetium-177, making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic applications. In addition, the clinical value of silver-111 is further enhanced by the existence of the positron-emitting counterpart silver-103, thus imparting a truly theranostic potential to this element. A so-fitting matching pair could potentially overcome the current limitations associated with the forced use of chemically different isotopes as imaging surrogates of lutetium-177, leading to more accurate and efficient diagnosis and treatment. However, the use of silver-111-based radiopharmaceuticals in vivo has faced obstacles due to the challenges related to its production and radiochemical separation from the target material. To address these issues, this study aims to implement a chromatographic separation methodology for the purification of reactor-produced silver-111. The ultimate goal is to achieve a ready-to-use formulation for the direct radiolabeling of tumour-seeking biomolecules.

Results
A two-step sequence chromatographic process was validated for cold Ag-Pd separation and then translated to the radioactive counterpart. Silver-111 was produced via the 110Pd(n,γ)111Pd nuclear reaction on a natural palladium target and the subsequent β−-decay of palladium-111. Silver-111 was chemically separated from the metallic target via the implemented chromatographic process by using commercially available LN and TK200 resins. The effectiveness of the separations was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and γ-spectrometry, respectively, and the Ag+ retrieval was afforded in pure water. Recovery of silver-111 was > 90% with a radionuclidic purity > 99% and a separation factor of around 4.21·10−4.

Conclusions
The developed separation method was suitable to obtain silver-111 with high molar activity in a ready-to-use water-based formulation that can be directly employed for the labeling of radiotracers. By successfully establishing a robust and efficient production and purification method for silver-111, this research paves the way for its wider application in targeted radionuclide therapy and precision imaging.
Overreliance on inefficient computer-mediated information retrieval is countermanded by strategy advice that promotes memory-mediated retrieval
Authors: Weis Patrick P. , Kunde Wilfried 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith ubiquitous computing, problems can be solved using more strategies than ever, though many strategies feature subpar performance. Here, we explored whether and how simple advice regarding when to use which strategy can improve performance. Specifically, we presented unfamiliar alphanumeric equations (e.g., A + 5 = F) and asked whether counting up the alphabet from the left letter by the indicated number resulted in the right letter. In an initial choice block, participants could engage in one of three cognitive strategies: (a) internal counting, (b) internal retrieval of previously generated solutions, or (c) computer-mediated external retrieval of solutions. Participants belonged to one of two groups: they were either instructed to first try internal retrieval before using external retrieval, or received no specific use instructions. In a subsequent internal block with identical instructions for both groups, external retrieval was made unavailable. The ‘try internal retrieval first’ instruction in the choice block led to pronounced benefits (d = .76) in the internal block. Benefits were due to facilitated creation and retrieval of internal memory traces and possibly also due to improved strategy choice. These results showcase how simple strategy advice can greatly help users navigate cognitive environments. More generally, our results also imply that uninformed use of external tools (i.e., technology) can bear the risk of not developing and using even more superior internal processing strategies.
Variation of sexual dimorphism and asymmetry in disease expression of inflammatory arthritis among laboratory mouse models with different genomic backgrounds
Authors: Dong Wei , Tian Cheng , Li Z. Galvin , Brand David , Cao Yanhong , Liu Xiaoyun , Ma Jiamin , Chai Andy , Myers Linda K. , Yan Jian , Hasty Karen , Stuart John , Jiao Yan , Gu Weikuan , Cai Xiaojun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSex difference has shown in the arthritis diseases in human population and animal models. We investigate how the sex and symmetry vary among mouse models with different genomic backgrounds. Disease data of sex and limbs accumulated in the past more than two decades from four unique populations of murine arthritis models were analyzed. They are (1) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) deficient mice under Balb/c background (Balb/c KO); (2) Mice with collagen II induced arthritis under DBA/1 background; (3) Mice with collagen II induced arthritis under C57BL/6 (B6) background and (4) A F2 generation population created by Balb/c KO X DBA/1 KO. Our data shows that there is a great variation in sexual dimorphism for arthritis incidence and severity of arthritis in mice harboring specific genetic modifications. For a F2 population, the incidence of arthritis was 57.1% in female mice and 75.6% in male mice. There was a difference in severity related to sex in two populations: B6.DR1/ B6.DR4 (P < 0.001) and F2 (P = 0.023) There was no difference Balb/c parental strain or in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice. Among these populations, the right hindlimbs are significantly higher than the scores for the left hindlimbs in males (P < 0.05). However, when examining disease expression using the collagen induced arthritis model with DBA/1 mice, sex-dimorphism did not reach statistical significance, while left hindlimbs showed a tendency toward greater disease expression over the right. Sexual dimorphism in disease expression in mouse models is strain and genomic background dependent. It sets an alarm that potential variation in sexual dimorphism among different racial and ethnic groups in human populations may exist. It is important to not only include both sexes and but also pay attention to possible variations caused by disease expression and response to treatment in all the studies of arthritis in animal models and human populations.
Seasonality and intensity of airborne Boletus-type spores in relation to land use and weather pattern
Authors: Wójcik Magdalena , Kasprzyk Idalia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractForests are a natural source of airborne bolete spores. The timing of sporulation and its intensity as well as the dispersal of airborne spores and in consequence their concentrations depend in particular on the type of land use determining the availability of matter on which they develop and on meteorological factors. The aim of this study was to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the occurrence of Boletus-type spores in the warm temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. An assumption was made that the spore concentrations depend on the type of land cover and weather conditions. The volumetric method was applied to investigate differences in spore concentrations and using spore traps installed at different heights and at locations with different land cover types. Boletus-type spores occurred in the air at high concentrations in late summer and in the autumn. The season start dates and maximum concentrations did not differ significantly between sites and seasons, but the season intensity varied. Higher spore concentrations were usually found in the region with a larger proportion of green areas, including forests. An analysis of the diurnal cycles showed that within 24 h spore concentration reached high levels twice, which was especially noticeable in ground level monitoring. Air temperature and air humidity were the main weather factors affecting the occurrence of airborne spores. This research indicates that when studying the effects of different factors on the concentration of airborne basidiospores, many environmental elements should be analyzed, including the characteristics of habitats in which basidiomycetes grow. Climate, weather, geobotany, and land use type should be taken into account in analysis and interpretation of aeromycological phenomena.
ADAMTS13 in pediatric sepsis: a prognostic biomarker with potential therapeutic implications
Authors: El-Mekkawy Muhammad Said , El-Deeb Sara Mahmoud , El-Hanafy Maha Fawzy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence implicates a pro-thrombotic state, caused by ADAMTS13 deficiency, in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction, but pediatric data is limited. Our purpose was to evaluate association of ADAMTS13 with prognosis of pediatric sepsis.

Results
This was prospective observational study, conducted on 70 children with sepsis and 18 healthy controls. Patients were classified upon Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission into sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups. Serum ADAMTS13 was measured within 24 h of admission. The primary outcome was all-cause PICU mortality. ADAMTS13 was lower among patients than controls [median and interquartile range (IQR): 1.30 (0.88–3.13ng/mL) vs. 6.00 (5.55–6.50 ng/mL); p < 0.001]. ADAMTS13 was lower in both severe sepsis and septic shock than sepsis [median (IQR): 0.90 (0.80–1.75 ng/mL); 1.0 ng/ml (0.90–1.20); and 2.80 (1.00–3.85ng/mL), p = 0.026 and 0.006 respectively]. ADAMTS13 was lower among non-survivors compared with survivors [median (IQR): 0.9 (0.80–1.18 ng/mL) vs. 2.45 (0.98–3.50 ng/mL); p < 0.001]. ADAMTS13 had area under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.77 for mortality prediction. Lower ADAMTS13 level was associated with mechanical ventilation; vasoactive medications; acute respiratory distress syndrome; and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. ADAMTS13 correlated with pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score (rs = -0.46, p < 0.001); vasoactive infusion days ((rs = -0.48, p < 0.001); and vasoactive-inotropic score on day1 (rs = -0.43, p < 0.001) and day2 ((rs = -0.41; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In pediatric sepsis, lower ADAMTS13 level is a risk factor for organ dysfunction and mortality, lending theoretical foundations to therapeutic interventions aiming at reversing the pro-thrombotic state in sepsis.
Variations in external carotid artery branches and common carotid bifurcation level: a computed tomography angiography study
Authors: Abd Ella Tarek Fawzy , El Zawawi Mohammed Salah Eldeen , Elsawaf Ahmed Gaber , Moawad Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The common carotid bifurcation level is an important surgical landmark during head and neck surgery, especially endarterectomy, that could be omitted in patients with high bifurcation levels to reduce damage to neighboring structures like the hypoglossal nerve. Additionally, having a thorough understanding of the variations in the external carotid artery branches is crucial for head and neck cancer surgeries and thyroidectomy. However, cadavers were employed in the majority of studies on these variations. In previous research, there were significant disparities in the incidence of these variations according to gender, laterality, and ethnicity. In order to identify these changes in Egyptian patients and to compare them in terms of gender and laterality, we used computed tomographic angiography.

Methods
The level of the common carotid bifurcation was assessed in a cross-sectional study utilizing computed tomographic angiography, which included 80 patients (160 carotid sides) for comparing the common carotid artery bifurcation level with the relevant vertebrae and anterior neck structures, and they were compared with regard to gender and laterality. Variations in the external carotid artery branches were also evaluated.

Results
The most frequent location of the common carotid bifurcation level was between C3 and C4 (33.8%). It was 36.9% between the thyroid and the hyoid. 47.5% of patients had a high common carotid bifurcation (higher than the C3/4 level). The highest bifurcation was at C2, while the lowest was at D1. For external carotid artery branches variations, the superior thyroid artery emerged at and below the level of the common carotid bifurcation, respectively, at 19.4% and 23.7%. The facial artery had the largest diameter (2.38 ± 0.44 mm), while the ascending pharyngeal artery had the smallest (1.17 ± 0.11 mm). Seven types of trunks were found; the ascending pharyngeal artery-occipital artery trunk was the most common (25%) and was followed by the lingual artery-facial artery trunk (20%).

Conclusions
Multiple anatomical variations in the external carotid artery branches and the common carotid bifurcation level were found by computed tomographic angiography. As a result, it can be utilized as a useful imaging technique to evaluate these variations before surgery.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha protein increases without changes in mRNA during acute hypoxic exposure of the Gulf killifish,Fundulus grandis
Authors: Murphy Taylor E. , Harris Jasmine C. , Rees Bernard B. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a central regulator of the molecular responses of animals to low oxygen. While the hypoxia-responsiveness of HIF1 is generally attributed to the stabilization of the alpha protein subunit (HIF1α) at low oxygen, several studies on fish report increased tissue levels of HIF1A mRNA during hypoxia, suggesting transcriptional regulation. In the current study, HIF1α protein and HIF1A mRNA were determined in parallel in tissues of Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, exposed to short-term hypoxia (24 h at 1 mg O2 l−1). HIF1α protein was higher in brain, ovary, and skeletal muscle from fish exposed to hypoxia compared with normoxic controls by 6 h, and it remained elevated in brain and ovary at 24 h. In contrast, HIF1A mRNA levels were unaffected by hypoxia in any tissue. Moreover, HIF1α protein and HIF1A mRNA levels in the same tissues were not correlated with one another during either normoxia or hypoxia. Hence, an increase in HIF1α protein does not depend upon an increase in HIF1A mRNA during acute exposure to low oxygen in this species. The results support the widely accepted mechanism of post-translational protein stabilization, rather than new transcription, during the initial response of fish to hypoxia.
Harvesting Solar Power Foments Prices in a Vicious Cycle: Breaking the Cycle with Price Mechanisms
Authors: Mamaghani Fariba F. , Çakanyildirim Metin 
Published: December 2023

Harvesting Solar Power Foments Prices in a Vicious Cycle: Breaking the Cycle with Price Mechanisms An important paper in this issue quantifies and explores how residential solar power adoption affects the price of electricity and the profit of a utility firm. It reveals the mechanism behind what is known as the “utility (death) spiral.” As more residences adopt solar power generation, the price of electricity goes up, whereas the profit of utility firm comes down. The study finds the equilibrium of a game played between consumers deciding to adopt residential solar power and the utility deciding on prices in a regulated market. The equilibrium, involving a potential bankruptcy for the utility firm and a high price for a nonadopter consumer, is desirable for neither. To avoid this, it suggests either decreasing the buyback price that the utility pays for the excess power of an adopter or introducing a subscription for adopters. These suggestions can inform pricing policies in the power market.
Equivalent circuit model of the traveling wave electrode for lithium niobate thin film Mach–Zehnder modulators
Authors: Guo Yanting , Li Lianyan , Zhang Yunshan , Sun Shiyuan , Quan Qihong , Shi Yuechun 
Published: December 2023

We propose an equivalent circuit model of the traveling wave electrode for lithium
niobate thin film (TFLN) Mach–Zehnder modulators, in which the
distributed capacitance and conformal mapping techniques are applied
to calculate the microwave refractive index, microwave loss, and
characteristic impedance. Their accuracies are verified by comparing
with the results of the finite element method, and the relative errors
are less than 3.282%, 1.776%, and 5.334%, respectively. The influence
of the electrode’s structural parameters on the modulation
performances is analyzed, and a 3 dB modulation bandwidth
around 84 GHz with an 8-mm-long traveling wave electrode is
obtained.
Which breathlessness dimensions associate most strongly with fatigue?–The population-based VASCOL study of elderly men
Authors: Cristea Lucas , Olsson Max , Sandberg Jacob , Kochovska Slavica , Currow David , Ekström Magnus 
Published: December 2023

Background
Breathlessness and fatigue are common symptoms in older people. We aimed to evaluate how different breathlessness dimensions (overall intensity, unpleasantness, sensory descriptors, emotional responses) were associated with fatigue in elderly men.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional analysis of the population-based VAScular disease and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (VASCOL) study of 73-year old men. Breathlessness dimensions were assessed using the Dyspnoea-12 (D-12), Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile (MDP), and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale. Fatigue was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-F) questionnaire. Clinically relevant fatigue was defined as FACIT-F≤ 30 units. Scores were compared standardized as z-scores and analysed using linear regression, adjusted for body mass index, smoking, depression, cancer, sleep apnoea, prior cardiac surgery, respiratory and cardiovascular disease.

Results
Of 677 participants, 11.7% had clinically relevant fatigue. Higher breathlessness scores were associated with having worse fatigue; for D-12 total, -0.35 ([95% CI] -0.41 to -0.30) and for MDP A1, -0.24 (-0.30 to -0.18). Associations were similar across all the evaluated breathlessness dimensions even when adjusting for the potential confounders.

Conclusion
Breathlessness assessed using D-12 and MDP was associated with worse fatigue in elderly men, similarly across different breathlessness dimensions.
К вопросу о языковой интерференции при переводе китайской политической литературы на русский язык
Authors: Yu Xin , Шахаб-Костецкая Кассандра Сиямак 
Published: December 2023

Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются ошибки в переводе, вызванные деструктивной языковой интерференцией. При переводе политической литературы языковая интерференция является неизбежным явлением. Китайский и русский языки принадлежат к разным языковым семьям, в связи с чем в процессе перевода могут возникать те или иные сложности, связанные с языковой интерференцией. Языковая интерференция может возникать как со стороны исходного, так и со стороны целевого языка. При переводе политической литературы принято различать лексическую, грамматическую, стилистическую и прецедентную интерференции. С каждой из них связан свой круг проблем, и в совокупности они негативно сказываются на качестве перевода текстов политической направленности и эффективности их распространения. Это приводит к возникновению в русском переводе характерных китайских языковых особенностей, а иногда к неправильной передаче смысла исходного текста. Ключевая причина появления переводизмов заключается в различиях языкового мышления двух народов. Чтобы преодолеть языковую интерференцию и устранить переводизмы, переводчики должны отказаться от китайского способа мышления в пользу мышления на языке оригинала.
A combinatorial algorithm and its application in computing all minimum toll sets of graphs
Authors: Nofal Samer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article formalizes an algorithm that computes the minimum toll sets in an undirected graph. A core process in our algorithm is to check vertex subsets in order of size. We add a new flavor to the implementation of this process; when the

k
−
1

k-1

-vertex subsets are already constructed, our algorithm produces the

k

k

-vertex subsets building on the

k
−
1

k-1

-vertex subsets rather than reconstructing the

k

k

-vertex subsets from the ground up as the existing algorithms would do. Our implementation is usable in combinatorial minimization problems that require checking variable-size combinations in order of size.