bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranberry Beverage Consumption Reduces Antibiotic Use for Clinical Urinary Tract Infection in Women with a Recent History of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Nieman Kristin M , Dicklin Mary R , Schild Arianne L , Kaspar Kerrie L , Khoo Christina , Derrig Linda H , Gupta Kalpana , Maki Kevin C 
Published: November 2023

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of bacterial infection, and is often treated with antibiotic therapy. Preventive approaches are needed to minimize unnecessary use of antibiotic therapy, which can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The effect of the consumption of a daily cranberry beverage (240 mL/d; n = 185) compared to a placebo beverage (n = 188) on episodes of clinical UTI was investigated in a 24‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter clinical trial in women with a history of a recent UTI (Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103:1434–42; NCT01776021). The aim of this post‐hoc analysis was to evaluate the effect of consuming the cranberry beverage on the incidence of antibiotic use for treatment of three categories of clinical UTI: investigator‐diagnosed, probable UTI (subject was not examined by the investigator but a non‐study healthcare provider prescribed an antibiotic), and possible UTI (self‐administered antibiotic therapy). Investigator‐diagnosed episodes of clinical UTI were significantly reduced in the cranberry beverage group, relative to placebo (39 vs. 66; incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 0.93; P = 0.021). There was a trend for reduced investigator‐diagnosed plus probable episodes of UTI in the cranberry group (47 vs. 71; IRR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.01; P = 0.056). Investigator‐diagnosed plus probable and possible episodes of UTI were significantly reduced in the cranberry group (47 vs. 73; IRR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98; P = 0.038). The results of this post‐hoc analysis indicate that daily consumption of a cranberry beverage reduced the incidence of antibiotic treated clinical UTI in women with a recent history of UTI.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Lakeville‐Middleboro, MA
B cell cytokine secretion and antibody production are impaired upon BCR/TLR9 stimulation in obese subjects
Authors: Kosaraju Rasagna , Guesdon William , Shaikh Saame Raza 
Published: November 2023

Obesity is hypothesized to drive an impairment in humoral immunity. However, it is unclear how obesity directly targets B cell responses in humans. This study investigated how obese subjects, relative to lean controls, responded to anti‐B cell receptor (BCR) and toll‐like receptor (TLR) 9 stimulation. Obese individuals with a BMI of >30 had a significant increase in the percentage of B cells in circulation compared to their lean counterparts whereas the percentage of monocytes, helper T cells, and cytotoxic T cells remained unchanged. B cell IL‐6 secretion was lowered upon anti‐BCR/TLR9 stimulation in the obese compared to lean controls. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between BMI and IgM, but not IgG, production upon anti‐BCR/TLR9 stimulation. These results demonstrate that B cell function is impaired in obese individuals, which could contribute toward diminished responses to infection and vaccination in obesity.Support or Funding InformationResearch was supported by NIH R01AT008375
Effects of a 6 Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Gut Bacterial Metabolites in Lean and Obese Adults
Authors: Mailing Lucy , Allen Jacob , Niemiro Grace , Cohrs Josh , Holscher Hannah , De Lisio Michael , Woods Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionDietary changes have been shown to significantly alter the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota in both mice and humans; however, study of the effects of exercise alone on the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites has been limited to mice. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial metabolites with numerous downstream effects on the host, influencing satiety, inflammation, and adiposity. Here, we characterized the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on fecal SCFA output in lean and obese humans.MethodsPreviously sedentary but otherwise healthy adults (n=11 lean; n=4 obese) underwent a six week aerobic exercise intervention. Participants performed 3 exercise sessions per week on a bike and/or treadmill, starting with 30 min at 60% HRR and building up to 60 min at 75% HRR by week 6. Fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention, preceded by a 3‐day control diet. Approximately 0.1 g of fecal samples was immediately stabilized in metaphosphoric acid until SCFA analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).ResultsSix weeks of exercise caused a significant increase in the fecal concentration of butyrate, acetate, and propionate (p<0.01), among lean individuals. The changes in acetate and butyrate concentrations were strongly correlated to changes in lean mass as a result of training, an effect driven by the lean individuals (r=.633 p<0.029 and r=0.854, p<0.01, respectively). However, exercise training failed to increase fecal SCFA concentration in our small sample of obese individuals (p>0.05).ConclusionA 6‐week aerobic exercise intervention is sufficient to increase fecal SCFA concentrations in lean, adult humans. This effect was not observed in obese individuals, however, and thus suggests that exercise‐induced metabolic changes within the gut may be influenced by obesity status
Lipid‐Lowering Potential of Combined Phytosterols and Curcumin Supplementation in Hypercholesterolaemic Individuals
Authors: Ferguson Jessica Jayne Anne , Stojanovski Elizabeth , MacDonald‐Wicks Lesley , Garg Manohar Lal 
Published: November 2023

Hyperlipidaemia remains one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Phytosterols (PS) are well known for their potent cholesterol‐lowering potential, while curcumin has also been shown to possess lipid‐lowering properties.The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of combined dietary supplementation with PS and curcumin on blood lipid concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic individuals based on a four‐week 2×2 factorial, double‐blinded, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial. Participants received either control (double placebo) or 2 g/d PS or 200 mg/d curcumin or a combination of PS plus curcumin.Following dietary supplementation with PS, LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) was significantly reduced (−8.1%, p<0.05) compared to the control group. The combined PS plus curcumin treatment lowered plasma total‐ and LDL‐C concentrations (−9.9%, p<0.05 and −13.5%, p<0.05; respectively) more effectively than the curcumin (−2.9% and −3.2% respectively) and control (−1.2% and −0.9% respectively) treatments. Plasma HDL‐C, triglyceride concentrations and total cholesterol/HDL ratio remained unchanged irrespective of the intervention.This study presents a novel two‐pronged approach to minimise CVD risk in hypercholesterolaemic adults using a unique dietary combination with a clinically significant effect and no adverse side effects by reducing blood cholesterol concentrations and potentially inflammation within a short period of time. These results support the development of functional foods containing the two bioactives as a preventative strategy providing effective drug‐like cardio‐protection.Support or Funding InformationNot applicable
The Association Between Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Intake and Markers of Vascular Health
Authors: Tran Phong H , Betterman Erika L , Quyyumi Arshed A , Jones Dean P , Ziegler Thomas R. , Alvarez Jessica A 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVEThe sulfur amino acid (SAA) methionine (Met) is a precursor to the SAAs cysteine (Cys) and its oxidized form, cystine (CySS). Previous research has found positive associations between plasma CySS levels and classic CVD risk factors (e.g., age, blood pressure, obesity). As dietary SAA can influence plasma levels of SAA, we hypothesized that increased intake of dietary SAAs would be associated with worsened markers of vascular health.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThis was a cross‐sectional study of 685 adults in the Emory/Georgia Tech Predictive Health Initiative cohort. Key markers of vascular health were assessed including arterial stiffness [via pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIX)], flow mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood pressure (BP), and serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL‐C, and HDL‐C. Habitual dietary intake of Cys, CySS, Met and glutathione (GSH), a related sulfur‐containing antioxidant, were determined from the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and corrected for energy intake. The relationships between dietary intake and markers of vascular health were assessed with Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking history, diabetes status, and history of CVD.RESULTSThe mean age was 48.2 yr (SD=10.8); 66% of subjects were female and 71% were white. Four percent of participants were current smokers, 8% reported a history of diabetes, and 7% reported a history of CVD. Reported dietary intake of total SAA was 39.6 ± 17.3 mg/kg/day, over twice the Recommended Dietary Allowance for total SAA. Pearson analyses showed no significant correlations of dietary SAA, reduced GSH, or total GSH with PWV, AIX, FMD, systolic or diastolic BP, or serum lipid levels. However, there was a positive association between total dietary GSH intake and HDL levels (r=0.11, p=0.006). After multivariate adjustment for demographic variables, dietary intake of Met was inversely associated with PWV (beta=−0.06, p=0.03). Dietary intake of Met (beta =−0.14, p=0.04), CySS (beta=−0.17, p=0.02) and total SAA (beta=−0.16, p=0.049) were inversely associated with serum TG levels. Dietary intake of GSH remained positively associated with serum HDL (beta=0.002, p=0.02).CONCLUSIONContrary to our hypothesis, higher dietary intake of Met (but not Cys or CySS) was associated with decreased arterial stiffness (PWV), while intake of individual and total SAA was not linked to AIX or FMD. Increased dietary intake of SAAs was also associated with decreased serum TG levels, and dietary GSH was positively associated with increased serum HDL. Further studies on the impact of dietary intake of SAA and GSH over time on markers of vascular health and oxidative stress in individuals at risk for CVD appear warranted.Support or Funding InformationEmory SURE program and NIH grants UL1 TR000454, K01 DK102851 (JAA), P30 ES019776 (ELB, TRZ, JAA) and K24 DK096574 (TRZ)
Replacement of Refined Carbohydrates with a Combination of Egg Protein and Unsaturated Fatty Acids Improves the Lipoprotein Lipid Profile in Adults with Elevated Triglycerides
Authors: Palacios Orsolya M , Maki Kevin C , Nieman Kristin M , Lindner Emily , Huebner Margie , Sorce Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of a combination of egg protein (Epro) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), substituted for refined carbohydrates (CHO), on the lipoprotein lipid profile in adults with elevated triglycerides (TG). This randomized, controlled‐feeding, crossover study included an evaluable sample of 25 men and women with a mean (± SEM) age and body mass index of 46.3 ± 2.4 y and 31.8 ± 1.0 kg/m2, respectively, and a median (interquartile range) baseline TG of 173 mg/dL (159, 228). Subjects consumed a standardized diet that incorporated at least 3 servings/d of test foods (yogurt, muffins, waffles, and cookies), which provided 40–60% of daily energy needs. The study foods accounted for 8% higher protein energy (from Epro) and 8% higher fat energy (from UFA) in the Epro/UFA condition and 16% higher CHO energy in the refined CHO condition. Total energy intake was held constant during each condition; dietary CHO, protein and fat comprised 42%, 23% and 35% of energy intake during the Epro/UFA condition and 58%, 15% and 27% of energy intake during the refined CHO condition. Both the Epro/UFA and the refined CHO diets were low in saturated fatty acids (7.0 ± 0.1% and 6.5 ± 0.1% of energy intakes, respectively). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and the end of each condition, and lipid profiles were analyzed using enzymatic colorimetric methodology. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated using the Friedewald equation. The median percent change from the habitual diet at baseline for TG was −18.5% (−35.7%, −6.9%) following the Epro/UFA condition relative to a 2.5% (−13.4%, 17.0%) increase following the refined CHO condition (p < 0.002). The median percent change from baseline in very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) was −18.6% (−34.8%, −7.4%) following the Epro/UFA condition and −3.6% (−12.5%, 16.2%) following the refined CHO condition (p < 0.002). Both conditions resulted in reductions from baseline in total cholesterol, LDL‐C, non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, but there were no significant differences between conditions. In summary, replacement of dietary CHO with a combination of Epro and UFA reduced circulating TG and VLDL‐C levels in adults with elevated TG.Support or Funding InformationFunded by American Egg Board/Egg Nutrition Center, Park Ridge, IL
Therapeutic Benefits of Glutamine: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses
Authors: McRae Marc 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionGlutamine may become a conditionally essential amino acid in patients with catabolic disease as it has been shown that circulating glutamine levels drop during critical illness and following major surgery and this may result in an increase in secondary infection risk, recovery time and mortality rates. However there is much discrepancy in the literature when it comes to randomized controlled studies and so this umbrella review of published meta‐analysis was performed to examine the effectiveness of glutamine's role as a therapeutic agent.MethodsA PubMed, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from January 1st, 1980 to September 30th, 2016 was conducted using the following search strategy: “glutamine AND (meta‐analysis OR systematic review)”. Only English language publications were retrieved which provided quantitative statistical analysis on pooled treatment effects on the relative risks and odds ratios of infectious complications, length of stay in hospital and mortality.ResultsTwenty‐one meta‐analyses were entered into this umbrella review. Fifteen of 19 meta‐analyses found statistically significant reductions of infectious complications with relative risks ranging between 0.42 and 0.93. Twelve of 18 meta‐analyses found statistically significant reductions in the length of stay in hospital with reductions ranging between 0.42 to 4.73 days. Only 4 of 15 meta‐analyses found statistically significant reductions in mortality with relative risks ranging between 0.64 and 1.01. Statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in 16 of 22 meta‐analyses, and publication bias was observed in 5 of 11 meta‐analyses.ConclusionGlutamine supplementation for critically ill or surgical patients through parenteral or enteral routes appears to reduce the rate of hospital acquired infectious complications and shortening of the length of stay in hospital. Glutamine supplementation also appeared to reduce the rate of in‐patient mortality, but the majority of meta‐analyses did not reach statistical significance. However, we must appreciate the positive results with some caution in light of the fact that there exists statistically significant heterogeneity for the majority of meta‐analyses, and statistically significant publication bias in almost half.Support or Funding InformationThere was no funding for this project.
Dietary Red Raspberry Enhances Intestinal Epithelium Repair in Chronic Colitis
Authors: Bibi Shima , Du Min , Kang Yifei , Sun Xiaofei , Xue Yansong , Moraes Luis Fernando Sousa , Zhu Meijun 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) causes repeated mucosal injuries of the intestinal epithelium, increasing the likelihood of colorectal cancer development. The risk of UC‐associated colorectal cancer increases with increase in wound region and duration of the disease. Dietary nutrients affect the intestinal epithelium repair and wound healing. Red raspberry (RB), a rich source of phytochemicals, has beneficial effects on the acute colitis by reducing inflammation.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of RB on intestinal repair mechanisms using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced chronic colitis modelMethodsSix‐week‐old wild‐type male mice were fed with a standard rodent diet supplemented with RB (0 or 5% of dry feed weight) for 10‐weeks. At 4th week of the dietary treatment, mice were subjected to two repeated cycles of 1% DSS induction. Each cycle was consisted of 7 days of 1% DSS treatment and 14 days of recovery (removing the DSS from their drinking water). Mice were monitored on daily basis for disease symptom throughout the DSS‐treatment and recovery period. Colonic tissues were collected at the end of the study.ResultsThere was no difference in feed and water consumption among the treated groups throughout the study. All the mice survived during DSS‐treatment and recovery period. RB supplementation decreased body weight, improved the disease activity index, and colon epithelium repair and wound healing in DSS‐induced mice. In addition, RB supplementation decreased cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and interleukin (IL)‐6 protein content, and decreased CD4 T‐cell infiltration in the colon. Furthermore, RB supplementation enhanced the content of differentiation markers, Hairy/Enhancer of Split 1 (HES 1), E‐cadherin, while reduced mucin (MUC)‐1 and β‐catenin contents.ConclusionRB supplementation suppressed inflammation and facilitated epithelium repair in DSS‐induced chronic colitis (NATL PROC RASPBERRY CNCL)Support or Funding Information(NATL PROC RASPBERRY CNCL)
The intake of xylobiose containing sugar mixture improves the defecation frequency and symptoms in young women with chronic constipation
Authors: Kim Arm , Kim(a) Hye Young , Lee Jung Sug , Kyung Myungok , Chang Moon Jeong 
Published: November 2023

We investigated the effects of the intake of xylobiose containing sugar mixture(XBS) in the defecation frequency and bowel symptoms in young women (mean age of 22.6 years old) with chronic constipation. Fifteen subjects were treated with 10 gram of sugar containing 7% xylobiose daily for 8 weeks. During the experimental period, the clinical efficacy was evaluated by a daily self‐administered questionnaire survey including the number of stools and the clinical symptoms score. The mean frequency of defecations were 2.31in the pretreatment week and increased significantly to 3.47, 3.67, 3.73, 3.67, 4.00, 3.73,3.87 and 4.27 in weeks of 2 to 8 of XBS intake. The total constipation symptom score was 10.53 initially and significantly decreased to 6.92 at final week. At the end of the study the occurrence of very hard stools and hard stools decreased and the stool consistency normalized. XBS intake significantly alleviated the abdominal displeasure and bloating in weeks 6,7, and 8 (p<0.05). The transition time of evacuation of stool was significantly different in week of 5, 7, and 8 (p<0.05). Side effects were not reported. Our results suggest that he intake of XBS was effective for the alleviation of clinical symptoms related with constipation in young women in this study. This study was approved by the IRB at Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by High Value added Food Technology Development Program 2016, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, Republic of Korea
Behaviour Change Counselling: Training Graduate Dietetic Students in Shortened Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Hagedorn Rebecca L , Barr Makenzie L , Famodu Oluremi A , Clark Rashel L , Morris Allison M , Wattick Rachel A , Waanders Timothy R , Olfert Melissa Diann 
Published: November 2023

Motivational interviewing is a client centered approach that works to elicit behaviour change from within. A shortened method, Behavior Change Counseling, is often used in lifestyle changes in the clinical setting. For this study, graduate dietetic students were counselors as part of a fruit and vegetable intervention and were assessed for adherence to behavior change counseling. The counselors (n=5) were doctoral students in dietetics at West Virginia University and n=2 hold registered dietitian (RD) licensure. Counselors were female with average counseling experience of one year (0.8±1.3), with two counselors having no previous counseling experience. Each counselor was assigned intervention participants to counsel based on schedule, with each counselor having at least one participant and no more than 10 participants. Counselors were first trained across two consecutive days on motivational interviewing techniques by a member of the Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers (MINT). Training tactics included lecture, role play and teach backs. Following training, counselors completed the 8‐week fruit and vegetable intervention where they met with subjects weekly. Counseling sessions were audio recorded with permission from subjects. To measure adherence and improvements in behavior change counseling, baseline (week 2) and post (week 8), audio tapes were randomly selected and coded using the Behaviour Change Counselling Index (BECCI) by three independent raters. BECCI contains eleven, five‐point Likert‐scaled items that ranks counselor's motivational interviewing techniques (0‐not at all, 1‐minimally, 2‐to some extent, 3‐a good deal, 4‐a great extent). All raters underwent a brief training on motivational interviewing and watched a training video on health behaviour change. The raters completed one counselling session together to ensure reliability between raters, with results showing interrater reliability .20 points of one another. Results showed that on average counselors used motivational interviewing techniques a good deal of the time at baseline (t0=2.71) and improved slightly to post (t1=2.75) yet did not reach significant improvements for overall score (p=0.87). Counselors with limited counseling experience at baseline showed greater improvements over time (t0=2.63; t1=2.83; p=0.29). These findings indicate that graduate dietetic students were already using motivational interviewing techniques as part of their counseling sessions but did show slight improvements, especially in those with low counseling experience.Support or Funding InformationApproval to use the data set was granted by the University of West Virginia University Institutional Review Board prior to study implementation.