bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of chemotherapy‐induced, long‐term amenorrhea in patients with breast carcinoma age 40 years and younger after adjuvant anthracycline and taxane
Authors: Fornier Monica N. , Modi Shanu , Panageas Katherine S. , Norton Larry , Hudis Clifford 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwenty‐five percent of all women with breast carcinoma are premenopausal and are at risk for chemotherapy‐induced menopause with long‐term side effects. Although there is considerable documentation of the rates of chemotherapy‐induced amenorrhea with classic adjuvant regimens, there are inadequate data that address the impact of taxanes on menstrual function in this setting. The objective of this analysis was to determine the incidence of long‐term amenorrhea (≥ 12 mos) in women with breast carcinoma age 40 years and younger after adjuvant anthracycline and taxane‐based chemotherapy, with or without subsequent tamoxifen.METHODSThe authors identified 235 premenopausal women with breast carcinoma age 40 years or younger who were treated with adjuvant anthracycline and taxane‐based chemotherapy at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center from January 1997 to June 2003.RESULTSOne hundred sixty‐six patients met all eligibility criteria and had sufficient follow‐up for evaluation. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 36 years (range, 27–40 yrs). All patients had regular pretreatment menses, 25 patients (15%) developed long‐term amenorrhea, and 141 patients (85%) resumed menstruation. Eighty‐two patients (49%) also received tamoxifen: The incidence of amenorrhea among them was 17%. There was a statistically significant association between age and the development of amenorrhea, with older women at higher risk. (P < 0.01)CONCLUSIONSThe sequential addition of a taxane to standard adjuvant anthracycline‐based chemotherapy did not appear to produce a high rate of chemotherapy‐related amenorrhea compared with historic controls. To increase the information available to assist young patients who are considering adjuvant therapy, prospective studies should incorporate menstrual function ascertainment by patient‐reported history and assays of ovarian function. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
DNA methylation of genes linked with retinoid signaling in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Shutoh Mariko , Oue Naohide , Aung Phyu Phyu , Noguchi Tsuyoshi , Kuraoka Kazuya , Nakayama Hirofumi , Kawahara Katsunobu , Yasui Wataru 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDHypermethylation of CpG islands has been associated with silencing of various tumor suppressor genes, and the retinoid acid receptor β (RARβ), cellular retinol‐binding protein 1 (CRBP1), and tazarotene‐induced gene 1 (TIG1) genes have been associated with retinoic acid signaling. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the involvement of these three genes in gastric carcinoma (GC). In this study, the authors investigated the methylation status of these genes and analyzed the role of their DNA methylation in GC.METHODSDNA methylation of 3 retinoic acid‐associated genes was analyzed in 42 samples of GC from 42 patients and in 8 GC cell lines by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The mRNA expression levels for these three genes were measured by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR.RESULTSIn 7 of 8 GC cell lines, the CRBP1 gene was hypermethylated, and CRBP1 transcription was inactive. In 6 of 8 GC cell lines, the TIG1 gene was hypermethylated, and TIG1 transcription was inactive. Treatment with demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine restored both CRBP1 and TIG1 transcription. DNA methylation of the RARβ, CRBP1, and TIG1 genes was detected in 15 of 42 GC samples (36%), 14 of 42 GC samples (33%), and 4 of 42 GC samples (10%), respectively, and in 6 of 30 samples (20%), 0 of 30 samples (0%), and 1 of 30 samples (3%) of corresponding nonneoplastic mucosa. None of the 10 normal gastric mucosa samples from young, healthy individuals demonstrated hypermethylation of any of these genes. DNA methylation of each gene was associated significantly with low mRNA expression of the respective gene. Twenty‐four of 42 GC samples (57%) demonstrated hypermethylation of at least 1 of the 3 genes. However, no significant, concordant hypermethylation of these genes was observed.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggested that gastric carcinogenesis involves transcriptional inactivation by aberrant DNA methylation of genes related to retinoid signaling. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A phase I trial of protracted oral fixed‐dose temozolomide
Authors: Jones Suzanne F. , Greco F. Anthony , Gian Victor G. , Miranda Fernando T. , Raefsky Eric L. , Hainsworth John D. , Willcutt Noel T. , Beschorner Aurelia F. , Kennerly Glyndon , Burris Howard A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current Phase I trial was conducted to determine the dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose, and recommended Phase II dose of oral fixed‐dose temozolomide when administered for 5 of every 7 days on a continuous basis.METHODSPatients received a fixed dose of temozolomide daily for 5 of every 7 days continuously. Four weeks of treatment were considered 1 treatment cycle. Patients were accrued at 7 different dose levels ranging from 100 mg/day to 360 mg/day.RESULTSForty‐six patients received 111 cycles of therapy. DLT consisted of myelosuppression, particularly thrombocytopenia. The primary nonhematologic toxicities were nausea and emesis, which were easily controlled with antiemetics.CONCLUSIONSProtracted administration of temozolomide at a fixed dose of 300 mg/day for 5 of every 7 days continuously was well tolerated and allowed greater dose intensity compared with various other schedules. This regimen could potentially increase antitumor activity as protracted temozolomide schedules inhibit DNA repair by depletion of the repair protein O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Subbarrel domains in rat somatosensory (S1) cortex
Authors: Land Peter W. , Erickson Susan L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe used cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry in conjunction with other histological methods to investigate the histochemoarchitecture of barrel hollows in rat somatosensory cortex. We found that individual large barrels in the posteromedial barrel subfield encompass two or three discrete subbarrel domains. Detailed analysis revealed, further, that subbarrel domains are relatively consistent in size, each having average dimensions that approximate those of large barrels in mouse S1. Unexpectedly, subbarrel domains are organized into a few distinct, repeated patterns. The small barrels in rat anterolateral barrel subfield and all barrel hollows in mouse S1 appear to consist of single CO domains. Subbarrel domains revealed here by CO are columnar entities that correspond with cyto‐ and myeloarchitectonic inhomogeneities within the barrels and are enriched in thalamocortical axon terminals. The present findings together with existing data indicate that barrels in rat posteromedial barrel subfield are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. J. Comp. Neurol. 490:414–426, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronology of behavioral symptoms and neuropathological sequela in R6/2 Huntington's disease transgenic mice
Authors: Stack Edward C. , Kubilus James K. , Smith Karen , Cormier Kerry , Del Signore Steven J. , Guelin Emmanuel , Ryu Hoon , Hersch Steven M. , Ferrante Robert J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGenetic murine models play an important role in the study of human neurological disorders by providing accurate and experimentally accessible systems to study pathogenesis and to test potential therapeutic treatments. One of the most widely employed models of Huntington's disease (HD) is the R6/2 transgenic mouse. To characterize this model further, we have performed behavioral and neuropathological analyses that provide a foundation for the use of R6/2 mice in preclinical therapeutic trials. Behavioral analyses of the R6/2 mouse reveal age‐related impairments in dystonic movements, motor performance, grip strength, and body weight that progressively worsen until death. Significant neuropathological sequela, identified as increasing marked reductions in brain weight, are present from 30 days, whereas decreased brain volume is present from 60 days and decreased neostriatal volume and striatal neuron area, with a concomitant reduction in striatal neuron number, are present at 90 days of age. Huntingtin‐positive aggregates are present at postnatal day 1 and increase in number and size with age. Our findings suggest that the R6/2 HD model exhibits a progressive HD‐like behavioral and neuropathological phenotype that more closely corresponds to human HD than previously believed, providing further assurance that the R6/2 mouse is an appropriate model for testing potential therapies for HD. J. Comp. Neurol. 490:354–370, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic ultrastructure of Drosophila Johnston's organ axon terminals as revealed by an enhancer trap
Authors: Sivan‐Loukianova Elena , Eberl Daniel F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe role of auditory circuitry is to decipher relevant information from acoustic signals. Acoustic parameters used by different insect species vary widely. All these auditory systems, however, share a common transducer: tympanal organs as well as the Drosophila flagellar ears use chordotonal organs as the auditory mechanoreceptors. We here describe the central neural projections of the Drosophila Johnston's organ (JO). These neurons, which represent the antennal auditory organ, terminate in the antennomechanosensory center. To ensure correct identification of these terminals we made use of a β‐galactosidase‐expressing transgene that labels JO neurons specifically. Analysis of these projection pathways shows that parallel JO fibers display extensive contacts, including putative gap junctions. We find that the synaptic boutons show both chemical synaptic structures as well as putative gap junctions, indicating mixed synapses, and belong largely to the divergent type, with multiple small postsynaptic processes. The ultrastructure of JO fibers and synapses may indicate an ability to process temporally discretized acoustic information. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:46–55, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential distribution of voltage‐gated calcium channel alpha‐2 delta (α2δ) subunit mRNA‐containing cells in the rat central nervous system and the dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Cole Rebecca L. , Lechner Sandra M. , Williams Mark E. , Prodanovich Pat , Bleicher Leo , Varney Mark A. , Gu Guibao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractVoltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play an essential role in controlling neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, and gene expression in the nervous system. The distribution of cells that contain mRNAs encoding the auxiliary α2δ‐1, α2δ‐2, and α2δ‐3 subunits of the VGCCs in the central nervous system (CNS) and the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was examined in rats by using in situ hybridization. Specific labeling of α2δ‐1, α2δ‐2, and α2δ‐3 mRNAs appeared to be largely confined to neurons and was widely, although differentially, distributed in the brain, the spinal cord, and the DRG. Importantly, α2δ‐2 mRNA was found to be expressed in interneurons in the cortex, the hippocampus, the striatum, and in regions that contain dense cholinergic neurons. Our results suggest that different α2δ subunits may exert distinctive functions in the CNS. The α2δ‐1 subunit mRNA is localized in brain regions known to be involved in cortical processing, learning and memory, defensive behavior, neuroendocrine secretion, autonomic activation, primary sensory transmission, and general arousal. The α2δ‐2 subunit mRNA is present in brain regions known to modulate the overall activities of the cortex, the hippocampus, and the thalamus. The α2δ‐2 subunit is also found in brain regions known to be involved in olfaction, somatic motor control, fluid homeostasis, ingestive and defensive behaviors, neuroendocrine functions, and circadian rhythm. In addition to being localized in brain regions that express α2δ‐1 and α2δ‐2 subunit mRNAs, α2δ‐3 subunit mRNA is highly expressed in regions involved in auditory information processing and somatic movement. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:246–269, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of Kenyon cells in subdivisions of the mushroom bodies of a lepidopteran insect
Authors: Sjöholm Marcus , Sinakevitch Irina , Ignell Rickard , Strausfeld Nicholas J. , Hansson Bill S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe mushroom bodies are paired structures in the insect brain involved in complex functions such as memory formation, sensory integration, and context recognition. In many insects these centers are elaborate, sometimes comprising several hundred thousand neurons. The present account describes the mushroom bodies of Spodoptera littoralis, a moth extensively used for studies of olfactory processing and conditioning. The mushroom bodies of Spodoptera consist of only about 4,000 large‐diameter Kenyon cells. However, these neurons are recognizably similar to morphological classes of Kenyon cells identified in honey bees, Drosophila, and cockroaches. The spodopteran mushroom body is equipped with three major divisions of its vertical and medial lobe, one of which, the gamma lobe, is supplied by clawed class II Kenyon cells as in other described taxa. Of special interest is the presence of a discrete tract (the Y tract) of axons leading from the calyx, separate from the pedunculus, that innervates lobelets above and beneath the medial lobe, close to the latter's origin from the pedunculus. This tract is comparable to tracts and resultant lobelets identified in cockroaches and termites. The article discusses possible functional roles of the spodopteran mushroom body against the background of olfactory behaviors described from this taxon and discusses the possible functional relevance of mushroom body structure, emphasizing similarities and dissimilarities with mushroom bodies of other species, in particular the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:290–304, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of Hsp25 expression compartments is not constrained by Purkinje cell defects in the Lurcher mouse mutant
Authors: Armstrong Carol L. , Vogel M.W. , Hawkes Richard 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFour transverse zones can be distinguished in the adult mouse cerebellar cortex based on differential expression of cell‐specific antigens, termination patterns of mossy fiber afferents, and phenotypes of mouse mutants with cerebellar defects: the anterior zone (AZ), central zone (CZ), posterior zone (PZ), and nodular zone (NZ). In the heterozygous Lurcher (Lc/+) mouse a zonally restricted abnormality in Purkinje cell development is seen. The Purkinje cell‐specific antigen zebrin II is normally differentially expressed in all four zones of the adult cerebellum, but in the Lc/+ mutant is confined to the PZ and NZ, caudal to a transverse boundary in the dorsal aspect of lobule VIII. In this study we wanted to understand why zebrin II expression is arrested at this boundary and whether the Lc mutation affects the differentiation of additional Purkinje cell antigens in a similar manner. To determine this, we took advantage of the dynamic developmental timetable of another Purkinje cell antigen, the small heat shock protein Hsp25. Using immunohistochemistry we demonstrate that cerebellar maturation anterior to the CZ/PZ transverse boundary appears to be unaffected by the Lc allele, in that initial progression of Hsp25 expression in the Lc/+ cerebellum was similar to controls. Double‐labeling experiments with anti‐Hsp25 and anti‐calbindin suggest that characteristic banding patterns of Hsp25 in Lc/+ cerebellum develop and are preserved despite cell loss. Thus, since simple temporal or spatial models cannot account for the zonal restriction seen during Lc/+ cerebellar development, the abnormality may be zebrin II‐specific. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:69–78, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of nestin–green fluorescent protein transgene marks oval cells in the adult liver
Authors: Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Encinas Juan M. , Mignone John L. , Michurina Tatyana , Rosenfeld Michael G. , Enikolopov Grigori 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOval cells, which become apparent in the liver after chronic injury, serve as bipotent progenitors for differentiated hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. We found that, in the liver of adult transgenic mice in which expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven by regulatory elements of the nestin gene, the GFP signal marks a subpopulation of small epithelial cells that meet the criteria for oval cells, including morphology, localization, antigenic profile, and reactivity in response to injury. In the regenerating and developing liver, we also found nestin‐GFP–positive cells that express hepatocyte markers; such cells may correspond to transiently appearing differentiating progeny of oval cells. During development, GFP‐expressing cells in the liver emerge relatively late, after the appearance of differentiated hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Our results suggest that nestin‐GFP cells in the liver correspond to a specialized cell type whose primary function may be to serve as a reserve for adult liver epithelial cell types. Development Dynamics 234:413–421, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GATA‐4:FOG interactions regulate gastric epithelial development in the mouse
Authors: Jacobsen Christina M. , Mannisto Susanna , Porter‐Tinge Susan , Genova Elena , Parviainen Helka , Heikinheimo Markku , Adameyko Igor I. , Tevosian Sergei G. , Wilson David B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTranscription factor GATA‐4 is a key participant in cytodifferentiation of the mouse hindstomach. Here we show that GATA‐4 cooperates with a Friend‐of‐GATA (FOG) cofactor to direct gene expression in this segment of gut. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that GATA‐4 and FOG‐1 are co‐expressed in hindstomach epithelial cells from embryonic days (E) 11.5 to 18.5. The other member of the mammalian FOG family, FOG‐2, was not detected in gastric epithelium. To show that GATA‐4:FOG interactions influence stomach development, we analyzed Gata4ki/ki mice, which express a mutant GATA‐4 that cannot bind FOG cofactors. Sonic Hedgehog, an endoderm‐derived signaling molecule normally down‐regulated in the distal stomach, was over‐expressed in hindstomach epithelium of E11.5 Gata4ki/ki mice, and there was a concomitant decrease in fibroblast growth factor‐10 in adjacent mesenchyme. We conclude that functional interaction between GATA‐4 and a member of the FOG family, presumably FOG‐1, is required for proper epithelial‐mesenchymal signaling in the developing stomach. Developmental Dynamics 234:355–362, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles on Ultrathin Films of Polythiophene and Polythiophene Derivatives
Authors: Intelmann Carl Matthias , Dietz Hartmut , Plieth Waldfried 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo different methods were used to immobilise gold nanoparticles on ultrathin films of polythiophene and polythiophene derivatives. The first method utilised ultrathin films of polythiophene to prepare gold nanoparticles by direct reduction of HAuCl4. A uniform coverage of the polythiophene films with randomly distributed gold nanopraticles possesing a polydisperse size distribution was obtained. Size and size distribution of the gold nanoparticles could be controlled by time, concentration of Au3+, and the addition of a cosolvent. With the second method, ultrathin films of polythiophene derivatives were esterified with thioctic acid, using either Steglich or Yamaguchi conditions. The dithiolane moiety of the thioctic acid was utilised to immobilise gold nanoparticles from a monodisperse gold sol. The gold nanoparticles were adhesive on the polymer films and were not removed by scotch tape tests. The samples with the obtained gold nanoparticles of both methods were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Tetrahydropyrans by Radical Cyclization of Epoxides using a Transition‐Metal Radical Source
Authors: Banerjee Biplab , Roy Subhas Chandra 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEpoxyalkyl propargyl ethers 3a–f and allyl epoxyalkyl ethers 6a–c smoothly undergo radical cyclization reactions using a titanium(III) species (Cp2TiCl) as the radical initiator to form polysubstituted tetrahydropyrans 4a–f and 7a–c in good yields and with high diastreoselectivity. The titanium(III) species was prepared in situ from commercially available titanocene dichloride and Zn dust in THF. On the other hand, the epoxyalkyl propargyl ethers 3g and 3h furnished the spirocyclic ethers 4g and 4h, respectively, on radical cyclization reaction as the sole products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Heat production profiles from batch aerobic thermophilic processing of high strength swine waste
Authors: Blackburn J. W. , Cheng J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe literature reports several cases where biological wastewater solids or swine wastes have been aerobically oxidized at thermophilic temperatures. Although the heat generated is reported, little information is given about the heat production profiles with time and average values reported for the overall runs. These studies have also generally been in the medium‐to‐low concentration ranges for swine processes. This paper reports on work done in a laboratory batch reactor with the objectives of generating the actual heat release time profiles in higher strength swine wastes (6 to nearly 10% total solids). Significant amounts of heat were generated, and the amounts generated were determined by two methods [total solids removal calorimetry and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal] with good agreement. Linear models were constructed showing that the biological heat production is strongly related to the specific air flow rates through the reactors and the interaction between air flow rate and solids or COD concentrations. At 55° C, nitrification was not detected and the nitrogen in the waste was converted to ammonia, which subsequently strips into the exhaust air. In some cases, ammonia was recovered with acid absorbers. In the 2.0‐L reactor with 1.2 L of reaction mixture, energy production rates ranged from 0.7 to 2.43 W and COD removal ranged from 28.5 to 62.7% with a common residence time of 6 days. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005