bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSMA PET/CT as a predictive tool for subregional importance estimates in the parotid gland
Authors: Sample Caleb , Rahmim Arman , Benard François , Wu Jonn , Clark Haley 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Xerostomia and radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction remain a common side effect for head-and-neck radiotherapy patients, and attempts have been made to quantify the heterogeneity of the dose response within parotid glands. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) ligands have demonstrated high uptake in salivary glands, which has been shown to correlate with gland functionality. Here we compare several models of parotid gland subregional relative importance with PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) uptake. We then develop a predictive model for Clark et al's relative importance estimates using PSMA PET and CT radiomic features, and demonstrate a methodology for predicting patient-specific importance deviations from the population. Approach. Intra-parotid gland uptake was compared with four regional importance models using 30 [18F]DCFPyL PSMA PET images. The correlation of uptake and importance was ascertained when numerous non-overlapping subregions were defined, while a paired t-test was used to compare binary region pairs. A radiomics-based predictive model of population importance was developed using a double cross-validation methodology. A model was then devised for supplementing population-level subregional importance estimates for each patient using patient-specific radiomic features. Main Results. Anticorrelative relationships were found to exist between PSMA PET uptake and four independent models of subregional parotid gland importance from the literature. Kernel Ridge Regression with principal component analysis feature selection performed best over test sets (Mean Absolute Error = 0.08), with gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features being particularly important. Deblurring PSMA PET images with neural blind deconvolution strengthened correlations and improved model performance. Significance. This study suggests that regions of relatively low PSMA PET uptake in parotid glands may exhibit relatively high dose-sensitivity. We’ve demonstrated the utility of PSMA PET radiomic features for predicting relative importance within subregions of parotid glands. PSMA PET appears to be a promising quantitative imaging modality for analyzing salivary gland functionality.
Length of sets under restricted families of projections onto lines
Authors: Harris Terence 
Published: January 2024

Let

γ
:
I
→

S
2

\gamma : I \to S^2

be a

C
2

C^2

curve with

det
(
γ
,

γ
′

,
γ
)

\det (\gamma , \gamma ’, \gamma )

nonvanishing, and for each

θ
∈
I

\theta \in I

let

ρ

θ

\rho _{\theta }

be orthogonal projection onto the span of

γ
(
θ
)

\gamma (\theta )

. It is shown that if

A
⊆

R

3

A \subseteq \mathbb {R}^3

is a Borel set of Hausdorff dimension strictly greater than 1, then

ρ

θ

(
A
)

\rho _{\theta }(A)

has positive length for a.e.

θ
∈
I

\theta \in I

. This answers a question raised by Käenmäki, Orponen and Venieri.
Function spaces and the Gerlits–Nagy 𝛿-property
Authors: Tsaban Boaz 
Published: January 2024

For a set

X
X

of real numbers, let

C
⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {C}(X)

be the space of continuous real-valued functions, with the topology of pointwise convergence. In their seminal paper, Gerlits and Nagy [Topology Appl. 14 (1982), pp. 151–161] introduced their covering property

δ
\delta

, and asked whether, for every

δ
\delta

-set

X
X

, the space

C
⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {C}(X)

is Fréchet–Urysohn. In a recent breakthrough, Bardyla, Šupina and Zdomskyy [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 376 (2023), pp. 8495–8528] proved that the Continuum Hypothesis implies a counterexample. Here, we prove that a

δ
\delta

-set need not even have the weak quasinormal convergence property (wQN), a classic property of the space

C
⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {C}(X)

that is more general than Fréchet–Urysohn. This solves the last standing open problem about potential implications among the

δ
\delta

-property and the covering properties in the Scheepers Diagram. We also establish a stronger form of the main result.
1958 Promoting Bone Health by ensuring in-patient Ortho-geriatrician Bone Health plan in notes following Neck of Femur Fracture
Authors: Carruthers C , Stapleton L , Akande A , Jacobs G , Timms A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Aims
Osteoporosis affects 3 million people in the UK with more than 500,000 hospital presentations annually due to fragility fractures costing in excess of £4.4 billion to the NHS. Bone protective medications are a cost-effective way of reducing fracture and admission following a fall. The Royal College of Physicians National Hip Fracture Database targets that patients are: “given suitable bone strengthening treatment and followed up to ensure that they are still receiving this protection 120 days after fracture”. Lewisham Hospital achieves this in only 22% of suitable patients against a national average of 35%. This project aimed to increase the number of eligible NOF patients on bone protective medication.

Method
Data was collected for patients over the age of 65 admitted with NOF. 22 eligible patients were admitted from 01/01/23 to 28/02/23 and 16 from 01/03/23 to 31/05/23. It was identified whether an appropriate bone health plan, including FRAX and calcium/vitamin D supplementation, was recorded in the medical notes and electronic departure note (EDN). Interventions included an advice sheet for rotating doctors, additional education at induction and a bone health proforma for medical notes and EDNs.

Results
86% of patients in cohort one had bone health plans in their notes and 59% in their EDN. 64% commenced bisphosphonates with 1 eligible patient (4.5%) not receiving medication. After the interventions 100% patients had a bone health plan in their notes and 80% on their EDN. 46.7% of this cohort commenced on bisphosphonates which equated to 100% of patients appropriate for bone protective medication.

Conclusion(s)
Providing guidance and education to rotating doctors to ensure Geriatrician-led bone health planning resulted in all eligible patients commencing bone protective medication and total numbers above the national average.
2019 Association of Bradykinin receptor 2 variants with physical performance and muscle mass: findings from the LACE sarcopenia trial
Authors: Shrestha A , Bashir T , Witham M ,   the LACE study group, Kemp P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The kinin-kallikrein system has been implicated in muscle performance: bradykinin promotes glucose uptake and blood flow in muscle through bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2). BDKRB2 variants include rs1799722 and rs5810761, where the T and -9 alleles respectively have associated with increased transcriptional rates and were overrepresented in endurance athletes. However, these variants have rarely been studied among older people or those with sarcopenia.

Methods
The Leucine and ACE inhibitor (ACE) trial enrolled 145 participants aged ≥70 years with low grip strength and low gait speed. Participants’ blood samples had DNA extracted and were genotyped for rs179972 using TaqMan and rs5810761 by amplification through Hotstar Taq (and visualised through 4% agarose gel electrophoresis). The differences in genotypes for each variant against physical performance measures (e.g. six-minute walk distance [6MWD]) was calculated using t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests where appropriate. Genotypes were also tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) using Chi-squared test.

Results
Data from 136 individuals were included in the analysis. For rs1799722, the genotype frequency (TT: 17, CC: 48, CT: 71) remained in HWE (p=0.248). No difference between TT and CC/CT group was seen for 6MWD, grip strength or SPPB. Among men, the TT genotype had greater 6MWD compared to CC/CT (400m vs 312m, p=0.007), and also greater leg muscle mass (17.6kg vs 15.3kg, p =0.005), but no difference was noted in women. For rs5810761, the genotype frequency (-9-9: 31, +9+9: 43, -9+9: 60) also remained in HWE (p=0.269). No difference between -9-9 and +9+9/+9-9 was seen for 6MWD, grip strength or SPPB. In men, but not women, -9-9 genotype had reduced arm fat baseline (1.85kg vs 2.72kg; p=0.005).

Conclusion
Among men, the TT genotype was associated with longer 6MW distance and higher leg muscle mass. The -9-9 genotype was associated with lower regional fat mass in men.
1735 Examining the correlation between glycemic control and malnutrition - a cross-sectional study of older adults in Singapore
Authors: Tan S Y , Barrera V , Tan-Pantanao R , Lim S C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a common condition managed by geriatricians. Drgs and treatment goals for T2DM are individualized to patient profile and physician preference. Some diabetic medications are also known to affect appetite and subsequently, nutrition. The authors examined whether there is a correlation between glycemic control and malnutrition in older adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled patients &gt; 70 with T2DM in a teaching hospital in Singapore. Data was collected on age, sex, ethnicity, body-mass index (BMI), function (iADL-impairment), Barthel’s score and cognitive scores (Abbreviated Mental Test), as well as the last glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reading. Nutritional assessment was performed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screen. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine predictors of malnutrition.

Results
Overall, 135 patients were recruited (57.1% male, mean age 85.6 [6.1] years). 75 patients (55.6%) were classified to have moderate or severe disability by Barthel’s and 19 (14.3%) had a BMI classified as underweight. 76 (56.7%) patients were considered to have good glycemic control (HbA1c &lt; 7%) and 58 (43.3%) were not on any medications. Prevalence of patients with or at risk of malnutrition was high with 105 (88.4%) scoring MNA &lt; 12. On univariate analysis, factors such as age, BMI, Barthel’s score, iADL-impairment and AMT scores were significantly associated with malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was no association between good glycemic control and malnutrition. (aOR 0.95, [0.14, 2.47], p=0.467).

Conclusion
Good glycemic control was not significantly associated with malnutrition after adjusting for confounders. Older adults at baseline have increased risk of malnutrition and more education delivered towards a proper diet.
1955 Multimodal critical discourse analysis of current representations of hearing loss in the UK news media
Authors: Fawcett-Jones S , Heffernan E , Putland E , Broome E , Burgon C , Janani A , Dening T , Straus J , Henshaw H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Hearing loss (HL) affects 12 million UK adults, including 70% of those aged over 70 years. It is associated with social isolation, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, HL in midlife is the largest modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, many individuals delay or avoid treatment. This may be due to limited understanding of HL amongst the public, and the considerable stigma surrounding HL and hearing aids. The media play a crucial role in shaping public perceptions of age-related conditions. Therefore, this study investigated representations of HL in UK newspapers, especially representations of the relationship between HL and mental health.

Method
Using Nexis (a news database), 7173 newspaper articles featuring HL between May 2022-May 2023 were retrieved. Following screening, 20 articles were analysed using multimodal critical discourse analysis. This qualitative approach regards communicative choices (here, images and text) as able to both reflect and shape society, including propagating or challenging stigma. A Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) panel contributed to study design and data interpretation.

Results
Most articles featured young adults with HL, particularly celebrities. Whilst this could challenge the stereotype that HL only affects older adults, it could also increase the invisibility of older adults in the media. Many articles contained inspirational stories, which may help reduce the stigma of HL. However, some people with HL do not want to be portrayed differently to other people. Some articles discussed HL and mental health, especially its association with dementia, loneliness, and depression. PPI contributors indicated that newspapers should provide diverse HL representations and should help improve public awareness of this condition, especially its impact on mental health.

Discussion
This research has important implications for clinicians, researchers, charities, the media, and all those who communicate with the public about HL. Future research should investigate HL representations in other media, particularly social media.
1706 Introducing geriatrics to medical students through film
Authors: Ali K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is an urgent need to increase the workforce of geriatricians. Geriatrics is not a popular specialty amongst medical students due to limited education and training opportunities in this discipline. Nurturing positive attitudes towards ageing, and early engagement with older people and their social networks could address this challenge. Film can be creatively employed to introduce the lived experience of older generations to medical students.

Methods
An 8-weeks film-based educational intervention, a student-selected module (SSM) was offered by a clinical-academic geriatrician to 11 first year medical students at Brighton and Sussex Medical School to enable them: to appreciate the diversity of older people, to understand the bio-psycho-social model of ageing, to develop skills in history taking, and present a focused narrative learning from film aesthetics, and to learn how to analyse a life narrative in a non-judgemental, compassionate, and empathic manner. Over 6 weeks, students watched and discussed a selection of short films, and a feature ‘Radiator’ with its director Tom Browne, all films depicted ‘old age’. During the last 2 weeks, students delivered a short presentation on a film they choose and gave feedback on the module.

Results
In their presentations, students discussed short, feature, and animated films portraying successful ageing, institutionalisation, dementia, and terminal illness. Examples included ‘Ikiru’ (Japan, Akira Kurosawa, 1952), ‘Drving Miss Daisy’ (Bruce Beresford, USA, 1989), ‘Howl’s Moving Castle’ (Hayao Miyazaki, Japan, 2004), ‘Amour’ (Michael Haneke, France, 2012), ‘Echoes’ (Ben Bradbury, UK, 2018), and ‘The Father’ (Florian Zeller, UK, 2020). Students demonstrated insight into the heterogeneity of senior citizens, and the burden experienced by carers of dependent adults. The module, as a platform for interactive learning, was positively perceived by students.

Conclusions
Conversations with medical students around films portraying ‘old age’ could enhance the possibilities of them choosing ‘Geriatrics’ as a future career.
Mebamamide C, a deoxy analogue of mebamamides in Bryopsis marine green algae and Elysia sacoglossan mollusks
Authors: Komori Shunnosuke , Yamabe Sota , Matsuta Ryuga , Yamazaki Yuki , Fukuoka Masashi , Sato Shigeru , Takada Kentaro 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Kahalalides, originally isolated from the sacoglossan mollusk Elysia rufescens, have been found in various Elysia and Bryopsis species, with over 20 variants identified to date. These compounds are biosynthesized by Candidatus Endobryopsis kahalalidefaciens within Bryopsis species. In this study, we report the isolation and structural determination of a new cyclic depsipeptide, mebamamide C (1), from Bryopsis sp. The planar structure was determined by spectroscopic data analyses, and the absolute configurations were determined using Marfey's method and modified Mosher's method. Additionally, our study explores the chemical relationship between Bryopsis algae and Elysia mollusks. The individual chemical profiles of these marine organisms highlight a fascinating aspect of marine chemical ecology. The distinct, species-specific chemical profiles observed in Elysia species imply the possibility of a symbiotic relationship with the kahalalide-producing bacteria.
Evolution and multiple functions of sulfonation and cytosolic sulfotransferases across species
Authors: Kurogi Katsuhisa , Suiko Masahito , Sakakibara Yoichi 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Organisms have conversion systems for sulfate ion to take advantage of the chemical features. The use of biologically converted sulfonucleotides varies in an evolutionary manner, with the universal use being that of sulfonate donors. Sulfotransferases have the ability to transfer the sulfonate group of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to a variety of molecules. Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) play a role in the metabolism of low-molecular-weight compounds in response to the host organism's living environment. This review will address the diverse functions of the SULT in evolution, including recent findings. In addition to the diversity of vertebrate sulfotransferases, the molecular aspects and recent studies on bacterial and plant sulfotransferases are also addressed.
DeepPRMS: advanced deep learning model to predict protein arginine methylation sites
Authors: Khandelwal Monika , Kumar Rout Ranjeet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Protein methylation is a form of post-translational modifications of protein, which is crucial for various cellular processes, including transcription activity and DNA repair. Correctly predicting protein methylation sites is fundamental for research and drug discovery. Some experimental techniques, such as methyl-specific antibodies, chromatin immune precipitation and mass spectrometry, exist for predicting protein methylation sites, but these techniques are time-consuming and costly. The ability to predict methylation sites using in silico techniques may help researchers identify potential candidate sites for future examination and make it easier to carry out site-specific investigations and downstream characterizations. In this research, we proposed a novel deep learning-based predictor, named DeepPRMS, to identify protein methylation sites in primary sequences. The DeepPRMS utilizes the gated recurrent unit (GRU) and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms to extract the sequential and spatial information from the primary sequences. GRU is used to extract sequential information, while CNN is used for spatial information. We combined the latent representation of GRU and CNN models to have a better interaction among them. Based on the independent test data set, DeepPRMS obtained an accuracy of 85.32%, a specificity of 84.94%, Matthew’s correlation coefficient of 0.71 and a sensitivity of 85.80%. The results indicate that DeepPRMS can predict protein methylation sites with high accuracy and outperform the state-of-the-art models. The DeepPRMS is expected to effectively guide future research experiments for identifying potential methylated protein sites. The web server is available at http://deepprms.nitsri.ac.in/.
Integration tools for scRNA-seq data and spatial transcriptomics sequencing data
Authors: Yan Chaorui , Zhu Yanxu , Chen Miao , Yang Kainan , Cui Feifei , Zou Quan , Zhang Zilong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Numerous methods have been developed to integrate spatial transcriptomics sequencing data with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Continuous development and improvement of these methods offer multiple options for integrating and analyzing scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics data based on diverse research inquiries. However, each method has its own advantages, limitations and scope of application. Researchers need to select the most suitable method for their research purposes based on the actual situation. This review article presents a compilation of 19 integration methods sourced from a wide range of available approaches, serving as a comprehensive reference for researchers to select the suitable integration method for their specific research inquiries. By understanding the principles of these methods, we can identify their similarities and differences, comprehend their applicability and potential complementarity, and lay the foundation for future method development and understanding. This review article presents 19 methods that aim to integrate scRNA-seq data and spatial transcriptomics data. The methods are classified into two main groups and described accordingly. The article also emphasizes the incorporation of High Variance Genes in annotating various technologies, aiming to obtain biologically relevant information aligned with the intended purpose.
Bioinformatics of germline variant discovery for rare disease diagnostics: current approaches and remaining challenges
Authors: Barbitoff Yury A , Ushakov Mikhail O , Lazareva Tatyana E , Nasykhova Yulia A , Glotov Andrey S , Predeus Alexander V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the field of rare disease diagnostics. Whole exome and whole genome sequencing are now routinely used for diagnostic purposes; however, the overall diagnosis rate remains lower than expected. In this work, we review current approaches used for calling and interpretation of germline genetic variants in the human genome, and discuss the most important challenges that persist in the bioinformatic analysis of NGS data in medical genetics. We describe and attempt to quantitatively assess the remaining problems, such as the quality of the reference genome sequence, reproducible coverage biases, or variant calling accuracy in complex regions of the genome. We also discuss the prospects of switching to the complete human genome assembly or the human pan-genome and important caveats associated with such a switch. We touch on arguably the hardest problem of NGS data analysis for medical genomics, namely, the annotation of genetic variants and their subsequent interpretation. We highlight the most challenging aspects of annotation and prioritization of both coding and non-coding variants. Finally, we demonstrate the persistent prevalence of pathogenic variants in the coding genome, and outline research directions that may enhance the efficiency of NGS-based disease diagnostics.