bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of aminopeptidase N‐like in the acquisition of begomoviruses by Bemisia tabaci, the whitefly vector
Authors: Fan Yun‐Yun , Chi Yao , Chen Na , Cuellar Wilmer J. , Wang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) is a prominent causative agent of cassava mosaic disease in Asia and relies on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic complex for its transmission. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in SLCMV transmission by B. tabaci have yet to be understood. In this study, we identified an aminopeptidase N‐like protein (BtAPN) in B. tabaci Asia II 1, an efficient vector of SLCMV, which is involved in the SLCMV transmission process. Through the use of glutathione S‐transferase pull‐down assay and LC‐MS/MS analysis, we demonstrated the interaction between BtAPN and the coat protein (CP) of SLCMV. This interaction was further confirmed in vitro, and we observed an induction of BtAPN gene expression following SLCMV infection. By interfering with the function of BtAPN, the quantities of SLCMV were significantly reduced in various parts of B. tabaci Asia II 1, including the whole body, midgut, hemolymph, and primary salivary gland. Furthermore, we discovered that BtAPN is conserved in B. tabaci Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and interacts with the CP of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus known to cause severe damage to tomato production. Blocking BtAPN with antibody led to a significant reduction in the quantities of TYLCV in whitefly whole body and organs/tissues. These results demonstrate that BtAPN plays a generic role in interacting with the CP of begomoviruses and positively regulates their acquisition by the whitefly.
LncRNAENSGALG00000021686 regulates fat metabolism in chicken hepatocytes via miR‐146b/AGPAT2 pathway
Authors: Xing Wenhao , Li Shijie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe liver contributes to lipid metabolism as the hub of fat synthesis. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered the regulators of cellular processes. Since LncRNA ENSGALG00000021686 (lncRNA 21 686) has been described as a regulator of lipid metabolism, the present study aimed to clarify the role of lncRNA 21 686 in chicken hepatocytes’ lipid metabolism. Thirty‐two chickens were divided into four groups and were treated with diets containing different amounts of fat, and the hepatic expression of lncRNA 21 686 and miR‐146b along with the levels of proteins involved in the regulation of fat metabolism, lipid indices and oxidative stress were measured. Moreover, primary chicken hepatocytes were transfected with lncRNA 21 686 small interfering RNA or microRNA (miRNA, miR)‐146b mimics to measure the consequences of suppressing lncRNA or inducing miRNA expression on the levels of proteins involved in fat metabolism and stress markers. The results showed that the high‐fat diet modulated the expression of lncRNA 21 686 and miR‐146b (p‐value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant increase in 1‐acyl‐sn‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) gene expression and protein levels and modulated fat‐related markers. Furthermore, the results showed that lncRNA 21 686 suppression reduced the expression of AGPAT2 and its downstream proteins (p‐value < 0.05). Overexpression of miR‐146b regulated fat metabolism indicator expression. Transfection experiments revealed that lncRNA 21 686 suppression increased miR‐146b expression. The findings suggested a novel mechanism containing lncRNA 21 686/miR‐146b/AGPAT2 in the regulation of fat metabolism in chicken hepatocytes.
The association between KRAS and histopathological growth patterns and the impact on resection margins around vasculature and bile ducts in colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Wong Pearl , Wong Geoffrey Yuet Mun , Toon Christopher W. , Chapuis Pierre , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe liver is the most frequent and often the only site of distant disease in colorectal cancer and, of all treatment protocols currently in use, resection is the most likely to result in long‐term cure. Within the liver, tumour proximity to major vasculature and biliary structures poses a resection challenge, requiring a balance of achieving negative margins while preserving adequate vascular circulation and biliary drainage. The focus on parenchymal sparing resections are important but just as important may be the ‘biological’ behaviour of the tumour. In colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), biomarkers such as the Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene homologue (KRAS) gene and histological growth patterns (HGPs) further improve the prognostication after resection. However, to date, the association between the KRAS status and HGPs in CRLM and their impact on resection margins around major vasculature or biliary structures in terms of overall survival and recurrence rates are unclear. The aim of this review was to explore the available evidence for the association between KRAS and HGPs in CRLM and attempt to define their impact on resection margins near major structures.
The outcomes of team‐based learning vs small group interactive learning in the obstetrics and gynecology course for undergraduate students
Authors: Sterpu Irene , Herling Lotta , Nordquist Jonas , Möller Anna , Kopp Kallner Helena , Engberg Hedvig , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionTeam‐based learning (TBL) is a well‐established active teaching method which has been shown to have pedagogical advantages in some areas such as business education and preclinical disciplines in undergraduate medical education. Increasingly, it has been adapted to clinical disciplines. However, its superiority over conventional learning methods used in clinical years of medical school remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare TBL with traditional seminars delivered in small group interactive learning (SIL) format in terms of knowledge acquisition and retention, satisfaction and engagement of undergraduate medical students during the 6‐week obstetrics and gynecology clerkship.Material and methodsThe study was conducted at Karolinska Institutet, a medical university in Sweden, and had a prospective, crossover design. All fifth‐year medical students attending the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship, at four different teaching hospitals in Stockholm (approximately 40 students per site), in the Autumn semester of 2022 were invited to participate. Two seminars (one in obstetrics and one in gynecology) were designed and delivered in two different formats, ie TBL and SIL. The student:teacher ratio was approximately 10:1 in the traditional SIL seminars and 20:1 in the TBL. All TBL seminars were facilitated by a single teacher who had been trained and certified in TBL. Student knowledge acquisition and retention were assessed by final examination scores, and the engagement and satisfaction were assessed by questionnaires. For the TBL seminars, individual and team readiness assurance tests were also performed and evaluated.ResultsOf 148 students participating in the classrooms, 132 answered the questionnaires. No statistically significant differences were observed between TBL and SIL methods with regard to student knowledge acquisition and retention, engagement and satisfaction.ConclusionsWe found no differences in student learning outcomes or satisfaction using TBL or SIL methods. However, as TBL had a double the student to teacher ratio as compared with SIL, in settings where teachers are scarce and suitable rooms are available for TBL sessions, the method may be beneficial in reducing faculty workload without compromising students' learning outcomes.
Capillary leak syndrome was associated with more severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kahn Robin , Mossberg Maria , Berthold Elisabet , Schmidt Tobias , Najibi Seyed Morteza , Månsson Bengt , Król Petra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis population‐based study investigated the occurrence of capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), associated with COVID‐19. We also examined associations between CLS and MIS‐C disease severity.MethodsAll eligible individuals aged 0–18 years, who were diagnosed with MIS‐C in Skåne, southern Sweden, from 1 April 2020 to 31 July 2021, were studied. They were all included in the Pediatric Rheumatology Quality Register and clinical and laboratory data were compared between patients with and without CLS.ResultsWe included 31 patients (61% male) with MIS‐C in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 10.6 years (range 1.99–17.15) and 45% developed CLS. All six patients who required intensive care had CLS. Patients with CLS also had a higher incidence of reduced cardiac function, measured as low ejection fraction. The CLS group exhibited significantly higher C‐reactive protein values (p < 0.001) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels (p < 0.001), as well as lower platelet counts (p = 0.03), during the first week of treatment. Individuals with CLS also received more intense immunosuppression.ConclusionCLS was a common complication of MIS‐C in our study and these patients had a more severe disease course that required more intensive treatment.
Genetic biomarkers of methotrexate response and safety in Crohn's disease: Data from the Spanish ENEIDA registry
Authors: Salazar Juliana , Garcia‐Planella Esther , Fernández‐Clotet Agnès , Esteve Maria , Gisbert Javier P. , Busquets David , Lucendo Alfredo , Márquez Lucía , Guardiola Jordi , Martín‐Arranz María Dolores , Iglesias Eva , Monfort David , Villoria Albert , Cañete Fiorella , Bell Olga , Ricart Elena , Zabana Yamile , Chaparro María , Domènech Eugeni , Gordillo Jordi ,   ENEIDA registry of GETECCU
Published: February 2024

AimsMethotrexate (MTX) is used to induce and maintain remission in patients with steroid‐dependent Crohn's disease (CD). Despite its proven efficacy, its use is limited due to associated adverse events. Polymorphisms involving folate pathway genes might influence MTX efficacy and toxicity. We aimed to assess the impact of certain polymorphisms on the therapeutic outcomes of MTX in CD.MethodsPatients with CD who exclusively followed MTX monotherapy and fulfilled inclusion criteria were identified from the GETECCU ENEIDA registry. Variants of ATIC, DHFR, MTHFR, SLC19A1, ABCB1 and ABCC3 genes were analysed and their association with efficacy and toxicity was assessed.ResultsA total of 129 patients were included in the analysis. MTX was used at a median weekly dose of 25 mg (interquartile range, 15–25 mg) and a median time of 14 months (interquartile range, 4–52 months). Thirty‐seven percent of the patients achieved disease remission with MTX monotherapy, while 34% were nonresponders (MTX failure). MTX‐related toxicity occurred in 40 patients (30%), leading to MTX discontinuation in 19%. DHFR rs408626 (odds ratio [OR] 3.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–7.69; P = .017) and MTHFR rs1801133 (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.23–6.68; P = .015) variants, and smoking (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.12–6.05; P = .026) were associated with a higher risk of MTX failure. Additionally, the MTHFR rs1801131 variant was associated with a higher risk of MTX‐related adverse effects (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.26–6.13, P = .011).ConclusionOur study shows that variants of MTHFR and DHFR genes may be associated with MTX efficacy and adverse events in patients with CD.
‘She is failing; he is learning’: Gender‐differentiated attributions for girls' and boys' errors
Authors: Di Battista Silvia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccording to gender‐differentiated attributions of failure in the STEM field, errors tend to be attributed to internal factors more to girls than to boys.AimsThis experimental study explored factors influencing gender‐differentiated teachers' internal attributions of girls' and boys' errors and the consequent likelihood of teachers' hesitancy to offer educational robotics (ER) courses to them. The predictions were as follows: (1) the likelihood of teachers' hesitancy would be related to gender‐differentiated internal attributions of errors based on expectations of a low natural aptitude for girls; and (2) teachers with high levels of gender stereotypes would be more hesitant about offering ER to girls than to boys via the mediation of internal attributions of errors as being due to girls' low levels of natural aptitude for ER.Sample and MethodsIn this experimental study, 155 Italian teachers (M = 38.59 years, SD = 8.20) responded to a questionnaire at the end of a course on ER in 2022. Teachers randomly read one of two vignettes describing a girl's or a boy's error during an ER course.ResultsResults of multiple regression and moderated mediation analyses confirmed both predictions.ConclusionsIn order to reduce the gender STEM gap, the tendency to attribute girls' errors to internal and natural causes should be better inspected.
Contrasting stances at the crossroads of debugging learning opportunities
Authors: DeLiema David , Hufnagle Ashley , Ovies‐Bocanegra Miguel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMoments of failure during learning present a wide range of opportunities for growth. However, experimental research and meta reviews focused on failure and learning tend to target singular valued learning processes, such as efficient fixes or transfer of conceptual understanding. These analytical decisions conflict with research documenting that teachers and students pursue heterogeneous learning processes following impasses, including preparing to curb recurring problems and preparing for novel impasses.SampleThis work focuses on weekend and summer computer science education workshops for middle school students (roughly ages 10–14) in a large city in the United States.MethodDrawing on discursive psychology, interaction analysis and portraiture, we examine the selection and prioritization of five valued learning processes in naturalistic discourse around impasses, especially when students and teachers disagree with one another. In three case studies, our approach blends detailed analyses of conversations with longitudinal portraits of students across a year invested in learning coding.ResultsWe document how moments of failure not only create openings for numerous learning opportunities, but also occasion argumentation between students and instructors about which valued learning process they view as worthy of prioritizing and pursuing in the moment, including their rationale for foregrounding a particular process.ConclusionWe argue that this work throws light on an under‐examined, yet central tension around which goals and supports – and whose perspective on those goals and supports – to foreground in research and teaching that pursue productive learning from moments of failure.
Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels around implants supporting splinted fixed bridges: A retrospective study on 412 implants
Authors: Manfredini Mattia , Poli Pier Paolo , Beretta Mario , Rossi Federico , Rigoni Marta , Veronesi Valentina , Maiorana Carlo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe effect of the implant position within the prosthesis on bone remodeling is scarcely documented so far. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether central implants may suffer higher peri‐implant marginal bone levels (MBL) compared to laterals in case of fixed splinted bridges supported by ≥ three implants.Materials and MethodsPartially edentulous subjects rehabilitated with at least one fixed bridge supported by ≥ three dental implants were enrolled. MBL was assessed radiographically by means of intraoral radiographs acquired with phosphor plates and imported in a dedicated software. MBL was calculated as the distance between the implant platform level and the most coronal visible bone‐to‐implant contact. A three‐level linear mixed effects model was used for investigating the fixed effect of patient‐, prosthesis‐, and implant‐level variables on the MBL.ResultsOverall, 90 patients rehabilitated with 130 splinted fixed bridges supported by 412 implants were included. The median follow‐up was 136 months. The mean peri‐implant MBL resulted statistically significantly higher at central implants if compared to lateral implants (p < .01). The estimated MBL averages for central and external implants were 1.68 and 1.18 mm, respectively. The prosthesis‐level variables suggested that a cement‐retained bridge was prone to a significant 0.82 mm higher MBL than a screw‐retained one. Implant surface showed an association with MBL changes, although less pronounced than implant retention.ConclusionsIn case of ≥3 adjacent implants supporting splinted bridges, central implants were more predisposed to MBL compared to laterals. At the prosthesis level, implants supporting cement‐retained bridges were statistically more susceptible to MBL compared to screw‐retained ones. Surface characteristics can also influence MBL stability at the implant level.
A new surgical technique: robotic intracorporeal Kono‐S anastomosis in Crohn's – a safety and feasibility case series on short‐term outcomes
Authors: Smalbroek Bo P. , Poelmann Floris B. , Smits Anke B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe Kono‐S anastomosis was introduced as a possible solution to the high surgical recurrence rates in Crohn's disease. However, this technique is known to be challenging, which is why it was originally performed in an extracorporeal setting. The aim of this case series was to assess safety, in terms of intra‐/postoperative complications, and feasibility, in terms of successful performance of anastomosis, of a robot‐assisted intracorporeal Kono‐S anastomosis.MethodThis is a prospective single‐centre consecutive case series. Patients were considered eligible if they were diagnosed with refractory Crohn's disease with significant bowel stenosis of the terminal ileum. All patients underwent robot‐assisted intracorporeal Kono‐S anastomosis. Perioperative care was provided according to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery® protocol. Follow‐up for postoperative complications was 30 days.ResultsTwenty patients were included, of whom 11 (55%) were men. The median age was 30 years [interquartile range (IQR) 22–51 years] and the median BMI was 25 kg/m2 (IQR 19–28 kg/m2). Intracorporeal Kono‐S anastomosis was successfully performed in all cases. The median operating time was 155 min (IQR 144–176 min) and the median length of stay was 3 days (IQR 1–5 days). No conversions or 30‐day mortality were observed. One patient experienced anastomotic leakage, which was treated with radiologically guided drainage. A total of three patients experienced postoperative complications in the first 30 days.ConclusionPerformance of intracorporeal robot‐assisted Kono‐S anastomosis seems safe and feasible in this case series for Crohn's disease. Since this is a first case series, further research is required to confirm results in a larger population‐based cohort.
Pain trajectories after bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation surgery performed via a clamshell incision
Authors: Mamoun Negmeldeen , Rosser Morgan A. , Manning Michael , Raghunathan Karthik , McCartney Sharon , Mehta Sachin , Ingle Krista , Bottiger Brandi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe nature, intensity, and progression of acute pain after bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT) performed via a clamshell incision has not been well investigated. We aimed to describe acute pain after clamshell incisions using pain trajectories for the study cohort, in addition to stratifying patients into separate pain trajectory groups and investigating their association with donor and recipient perioperative variables.MethodsAfter obtaining IRB approval, we retrospectively included all patients ≥18 years old who underwent primary BOLT via clamshell incision at a single center between January 1, 2017, and June 30, 2022. We modeled the overall pain trajectory using pain scores collected over the first seven postoperative days and identified separate pain trajectory classes via latent class analysis.ResultsThree hundred one adult patients were included in the final analysis. Three separate pain trajectory groups were identified, with most patients (72.8%) belonging to a well‐controlled, stable pain trajectory. Uncontrolled pain was either observed in the early postoperative period (10%), or in the late postoperative period (17.3%). Late postoperative peaking trajectory patients were younger (p = .008), and sicker with a higher lung allocation score (p = .005), receiving preoperative mechanical ventilation (p < .001), or VV‐ECMO support (p < .001).ConclusionDespite the extensive nature of a clamshell incision, most pain trajectories in BOLT patients had a well‐controlled stable pain profile. The benign nature of pain profiles in our patient population may be attributed to the routine institutional practice of early thoracic epidural analgesia for BOLT patients unless contraindicated.
Swedish income inequality in 1613
Authors: Andersson Martin , Molinder Jakob 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper we present the first estimate of the full income distribution in pre‐industrial Sweden (including present‐day Finland). We draw on the schedule and the individual assessments devised by the authorities to distribute the 1613 Älvsborg ransom taxation to estimate income inequality, as well as the income shares of the top quantiles and of various social groups. We find that Sweden was relatively equal compared with other early modern European societies, for two main reasons: first, because the nobility, the clergy, the burghers, and other middle‐rank social groups all held relatively small shares of the total income, and second, because the landless groups were less numerous in Sweden than in other societies. This resulted in a large share of the total income going to the relatively homogeneous group of landed peasants, who made up the majority of the population. Our study thus speaks to the political historiography of early modern Sweden, within which negotiation and collaboration between the landed peasantry and the state has been seen as pivotal to the state formation process.
Incidence rate and prevalence of pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis in Sweden: A population‐based register study
Authors: Sandesjö Fredrik , Tremlett Helen , Fink Katharina , Marrie Ruth Ann , Zhu Feng , Wickström Ronny , McKay Kyla A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and purposePediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (PoMS) is associated with high health care use. To plan resource allocation for this patient group, knowledge of the incidence rate and prevalence is important. However, such studies are scarce, few are population‐based, and the methodology varies widely. We aimed to address this knowledge gap by performing a nationwide study of the incidence rate and prevalence of PoMS in Sweden, an area of high multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and prevalence.MethodsMS cases were identified by linking two nationwide registers, the National Patient Register and the Swedish MS Registry. MS cases having their first central nervous system demyelinating event or MS clinical onset before age 18 years were classified as pediatric onset. Incidence rate and prevalence were estimated annually over the study period (2006–2016) for the total population and stratified by sex and age group (<12, 12–15, and 16–17 years). Temporal trends and ratios between sexes and age groups were estimated.ResultsWe identified 238 incident cases from 2006 to 2016, corresponding to an overall crude incidence rate of 1.12 per 100,000 person‐years and an overall crude prevalence of 2.82 per 100,000 population. There was a higher incidence rate among females and the highest age category. The overall incidence rate and prevalence estimates remained stable during the study period.ConclusionsSweden exhibits a consistently high incidence rate and prevalence of PoMS that has remained stable over time. This knowledge serves as a tool to aid in planning resource allocation and health services for this patient population.