bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study investigation-based experimental research on transport of moisture and salinity in semi-exposed relics
Authors: Wang Yike , Li Jiaxuan , Xia Yin , Chang Bin , Luo Xilian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Semi-exposed relics within an air–soil system often have earthworks partially buried, leading to moisture migration and substantial salt accumulation. Salt accumulation threatens relic preservation, but destructive sampling is hindered by conservation concerns. We conducted a case study on salt enrichment at K9901 Armour Pit of Emperor Qinshihuang 's Mausoleum Site Museum. Environmental factors and soil salt characteristics were assessed through sampling and monitoring. A relic-soil coupling system was established with a soil column device containing burned bricks. Using 5-TE sensors, water and salinity movement was tracked, and X-ray diffraction analyzed relic salt crystals. The soil column experiment effectively simulated water-salt migration in relics. Salts, like Cl−, NO3
−, SO4
2−, Na+, and Mg2+, concentrated on the soil surface during evaporation. Simulation linked specific salt species to relic ailments. Salt solution from soil migrated to bricks, forming CaSO4 crystals. Results highlight coupling's role in salt-related deterioration and the need to protect it for optimal relic preservation. Findings impact semi-exposed relic conservation, revealing salt accumulation processes and their impact on historical artifacts.
Designing and evaluating an augmented reality system for an engineering drawing course
Authors: Tiwari Ajay Shankar , Bhagat Kaushal Kumar , Lampropoulos Georgios 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrently, augmented reality (AR) is one of the emerging technologies which is being widely used in the education sector. In engineering drawing, AR has been implemented to enhance learners’ spatial ability but not their conceptual knowledge yet. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of AR on engineering drawing students’ learning performance. In this study, we developed an AR-based application EDINAR to learn engineering drawing concepts for undergraduate engineering students. The study included 392 first-year students from an engineering institution. The control group (N = 196) studied engineering drawing using traditional methods, whereas the experimental group (N = 196) used an AR-based engineering drawing application (EDINAR) to learn engineering drawing. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the performances of both groups. The findings revealed that students studying engineering drawing with the help of EDINAR outperformed those using traditional approaches. In addition, we received positive feedback about the AR application from the experimental group about their learning experience. Based on these results, it is recommended to incorporate AR in engineering education to improve the learning performance and students’ learning experience.
Upconverting-photon quenching-mediated perforation influx as an intracellular delivery method using posAuNP@UCNPs nanocomposites for osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Cho Hui Bang , Kim Hye-Ryoung , Lee Sujeong , Park Ji-in , Park Keun-Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotoporation techniques based on plasmonic nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles have been extensively studied for the intracellular delivery of substances via cell membrane disruption. However, the clinical application of AuNP is challenging due to its absorption in the 500 nm region of the light spectrum. To overcome this challenge, upconversion nanoparticles were employed to stimulate AuNP at NIR wavelengths. posAuNP@UCNPs nanocomposites were produced by coating 30 nm UCNPs on 80 nm AuNPs using DOPA-PEI, which were then irradiated with 980 nm NIR light to facilitate their intracellular delivery. TEM and DLS confirmed that posAuNP and UCNP combine to form nanocomposites. Additionally, multiphysics simulation was used to analyze the distribution of the posAuNP electric field based on morphological differences that change as the UCNP ratio increases. Next, effective LED irradiation conditions were established by applying upconverting-photon quenching-mediated perforation influx to C28/I2 cells as suspensions or spheroids. posAuNP@UCNP nanocomposites were confirmed to be effective for the delivery of baricitinib as a treatment for osteoarthritis in a three-dimensional osteoarthritis model. Finally, chondrocyte differentiation was induced through intracellular delivery of baricitinib using posAuNP@UCNPs. The findings suggest that posAuNP@UCNPs have great potential as a tool for non-invasive drug delivery via UCPPin.
Graphical Abstract
Geomagnetic relative paleointensity and direction during the last 40,000 years obtained from a sediment core in the Nankai Trough
Authors: Goto Ryoya , Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Okutsu Natsumi , Ashi Juichiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConstruction of regional geomagnetic secular variation curves for the last several tens of thousands of years is important for understanding the behavior of non-dipole fields and applications to geochronology. Around Japan, secular variation records of older than 10 ka was scarce, in particular for relative paleointensity (RPI). Here, we conducted a paleomagnetic study of a sediment core covering the last ~ 40 kyr taken from a small basin in the Nankai Trough. The core consists of homogenous hemipelagic sediments except for turbidites and volcanic ashes. The age model was constructed based on seven 14C datings and two volcanic ashes. Turbidites and volcanic ashes were excluded from the construction of secular variation curves because of geologically instantaneous deposition. It was revealed that the magnetization of this core is carried largely by detrital magnetic minerals, although magnetofossils are also contained. Bulk magnetic properties show some temporal changes in magnetic concentration and grain size, but still homogeneous enough for reliable RPI estimations except for turbidites and volcanic ashes. The resultant RPI shows no correlation with the normalizer, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, of the RPI estimations or with a proxy for a magnetic grain size and/or the proportion of magnetofossils to detrital magnetic minerals. The obtained RPI record shows a long-term increasing trend since ~ 40 ka, which coincides with global stack curves. On the other hand, there are some differences in shorter timescale variations, which may reflect non-dipole fields. This study demonstrated that hemipelagic sediments in the Nankai Trough have potential for recovering high-quality RPI records when turbidites and volcanic ashes were excluded and are useful for accumulating records to construct a regional master curve.
Graphical abstract
Enhanced bioethanol production by evolved Escherichia coli LGE2-H in a microbial electrolysis cell system
Authors: Wang Cong , Chang Dongdong , Zhang Qi , Yu Zhisheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLignocellulose pretreated using pyrolysis can yield clean energy (such as bioethanol) via microbial fermentation, which can significantly contribute to waste recycling, environmental protection, and energy security. However, the acids, aldehydes, and phenols present in bio-oil with inhibitory effects on microorganisms compromise the downstream utilization and conversion of lignocellulosic pyrolysates. In this study, we constructed a microbial electrolysis cell system for bio-oil detoxification and efficient ethanol production using evolved Escherichia coli to overcome the bioethanol production and utilization challenges highlighted in previous studies. In electrically treated bio-oil media, the E. coli-H strain exhibited significantly higher levoglucosan consumption and ethanol production capacities compared with the control. In undetoxified bio-oil media containing 1.0% (w/v) levoglucosan, E. coli-H produced 0.54 g ethanol/g levoglucosan, reaching 94% of the theoretical yield. Our findings will contribute to developing a practical method for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic substrates, and provide a scientific basis and technical demonstration for its industrialized application.
Graphical abstract
Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 124I-mIBG in adult patients with neural crest tumours and extrapolation to paediatric models
Authors: Moraitis Alexandros , Jentzen Walter , Reiter Gloria , Schmitz Jochen , Pöppel Thorsten Dirk , Weber Manuel , Herrmann Ken , Fendler Wolfgang Peter , Fragoso Costa Pedro , Bockisch Andreas , Kersting David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aim
Positron emission tomography (PET) using 124I-mIBG has been established for imaging and pretherapeutic dosimetry. Here, we report the first systematic analysis of the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 124I-mIBG in patients with neural crest tumours and project the results to paediatric patient models.

Methods
Adult patients with neural crest tumours who underwent sequential 124I-mIBG PET were included in this retrospective single-center analysis. PET data were acquired 4, 24, 48, and/or 120 h after administration of a mean of 43 MBq 124I-mIBG. Whole-body counting and blood sampling were performed at 2, 4, 24, 48 and 120 h after administration. Absorbed organ dose and effective dose coefficients were estimated in OLINDA/EXM 2.2 according to the MIRD formalism. Extrapolation to paediatric models was performed based on mass-fraction scaling of the organ-specific residence times. Biodistribution data for adults were also projected to 123I-mIBG and 131I-mIBG.

Results
Twenty-one patients (11 females, 10 males) were evaluated. For adults, the organs exposed to the highest dose per unit administered activity were urinary bladder (1.54 ± 0.40 mGy/MBq), salivary glands (0.77 ± 0.28 mGy/MBq) and liver (0.65 ± 0.22 mGy/MBq). Mean effective dose coefficient for adults was 0.25 ± 0.04 mSv/MBq (male: 0.24 ± 0.03 mSv/MBq, female: 0.26 ± 0.06 mSv/MBq), and increased gradually to 0.29, 0.44, 0.69, 1.21, and 2.94 mSv/MBq for the 15-, 10-, 5-, 1-years-old, and newborn paediatric reference patients. Projected mean effective dose coefficients for 123I-mIBG and 131I-mIBG for adults were 0.014 ± 0.002 mSv/MBq and 0.18 ± 0.04 mSv/MBq, respectively.

Conclusion
PET-based derived radiation dosimetry data for 124I-mIBG from this study agreed well with historical projected data from ICRP 53. The effective dose coefficients presented here may aid in guidance for establishing weight-based activity administration protocols.
The utility of three-dimensional modeling and printing in pediatric surgical patient and family education: a systematic review
Authors: Yang Angela , Panchendrabose Kapilan , Leong Cameron , Raza Syed Shuja , Joharifard Shahrzad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing are increasingly being used in surgical settings. This technology has several applications including pre-operative surgical planning, inter-team communication, and patient education and counseling. The majority of research on 3D technology has focused on adult populations, where it has been found to be a useful tool for educating patients across various surgical specialties. There is a dearth, however, of research on the utility of 3D modeling and printing for patient and family education in pediatric populations. Our objective was to systematically review the current literature on how this modality is being utilized in pediatric surgical settings for patient and family education and counselling.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA and CASP guidelines. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to October 21, 2023, with no restrictions on language or geographical location. Citation chaining was used to ensure relevant papers were included. Articles were doubly screened and data was extracted independently by two authors. In the case of disagreement, a third author was consulted. Any articles pertaining to 3D modeling and printing in pediatric surgical settings for patient and family education and counseling were included.

Results
Six articles met inclusion criteria and were used for qualitative analysis. Two involved questionnaires given to parents of children to assess their understanding of relevant anatomy, surgical procedure, and risks after viewing conventional CT images and again after viewing a 3D-printed model. One involved a quasi-experimental study to assess young patients’ pre-operative surgical understanding and anxiety after undergoing conventional teaching as compared to after viewing a 3D storybook. One involved questionnaires given to parents of children in control and study groups to assess the usefulness of 3D printed models compared to conventional CT images in their understanding of relevant anatomy and the surgical procedure. Another study looked at the usefulness of 3D printed models compared to 2D and 3D CT images in providing caregiver understanding during the pre-operative consent process. The last article involved studying the impact of using 3D printing to help patients understand their disease and participate in decision-making processes during surgical consultations. In all six studies, utilizing 3D technology improved transfer of information between surgical team members and their patients and families.

Conclusion
Our systematic review suggests that 3D modeling and printing is a useful tool for patient and family education and counselling in pediatric surgical populations. Given the very small number of published studies, further research is needed to better define the utility of this technology in pediatric settings.
An analysis of Chinese chemistry curriculum standards based on OECD Education 2030 Curriculum Content Mapping
Authors: Chen Xiaoge , Wang Lei , Shao Xin , Wei Rui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of students' core competencies for the future society has become a shared goal in curriculum reform worldwide. Efforts are being made to investigate which core competencies should be cultivated and how they relate to the curriculum content. Specifically, designing core competency-oriented intended curriculum and translating it into implemented curriculum are common concerns and challenges encountered by countries during curriculum reform. In order to promote mutual sharing and learning among different countries and regions, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed an analytical comparison framework and standards based on The Future of Education and Skills project. This study conducted a comparison between the 2011 edition and 2022 edition of the Compulsory Education Chemistry Curriculum Standards (CECCS) for students in grade 7 to grade 9. It identified 737 coding units for five learning themes and conducted a specific analysis and comparison using the Curriculum Content Mapping (CCM) and Theme Content Mapping (TCM). Heat maps are generated to reflect the correlation between China's grade 7 to grade 9 CECCS and the twenty-eight competencies identified in the OECD project, as well as the main emphasis before and after the revision of the curriculum standards. A mixed research method of qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted to explore the characteristics of Chinese chemistry curriculum structure. This study provides insights into experiences regarding embodying core competencies, designing competency-oriented intended curriculum, and providing guidance for curriculum implementation in grade 7 to grade 9. It allows both teachers and educators to identify areas for improvement.
Role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of recurrence and peritoneal metastasis from ovarian cancer in correlation with cancer antigen-125 tumor marker levels
Authors: Elsayed Ghada Ali , Abdullah Randa Hussien , Elia Remon Zaher , Ahmed Khaled Sayed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The chronic nature of ovarian cancer and disease recurrence has a considerable impact on the assessment of follow-up strategies and treatment planning for both oncologists and radiologists. It is imperative to conduct adequate follow-up in ovarian cancer to detect and treat recurrence as early as possible. Presently, surveillance of patients with this malignancy involves the combination of serial CA-125 assay and diverse imaging procedures, yet normal CA-125 levels cannot entirely rule out disease relapse. PET/CT provides whole-body functional imaging that does not necessities contrast injection, and allows for precise diagnosis and restaging of patients with suspected ovarian cancer recurrence, thereby strongly impacting disease management decisions. Our study aims to evaluate the value of FDG-PET/CT as a follow-up imaging tool in detecting and localizing recurrence of ovarian cancer, in conjunction with CA-125 tumor markers.

Results
In our study, it was demonstrated that recurrent disease manifested in FDG-PET/CT in 24 cases, with 9 of those cases exhibiting CA-125 levels within the normal range. There were two instances of false negative results and one instance of false positive results in FDG-PET/CT. Additionally, three cases were found to be free of disease relapse in FDG-PET/CT and exhibited normal CA-125 levels throughout the follow-up period (true negative). The prevalence of disease recurrent sites was 12% for local recurrence, 60% for peritoneal metastasis, 64% for nodal deposits and 28% for distant metastatic disease. The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT was 88.8%, with a sensitivity of 91.3% and specificity of 75%. Furthermore, FDG-PET/CT showed a positive predictive value of 95.5% and a negative predictive value of 60.3%.

Conclusions
PET/CT imaging provides a comprehensive and functional view of the entire body, which can accurately diagnose and restage cases with ovarian cancer recurrence. This approach plays a critical role in identifying peritoneal carcinomatosis and is considered a more dependable method than CA-125 tumor markers for detecting and monitoring ovarian cancer recurrence. Additionally, PET/CT imaging has the potential to decrease the number of second-look laparotomies and can thus significantly impact the management plan.
Can native T1 mapping sequence be used as a non-invasive alternative imaging tool to LGE sequence for evaluating DCM patients?
Authors: Badr Shimaa Elsayed , Gouhar Ghada Kamal , Zidan Elsayed Hamed , Shehata Samar Mohamad , Roshdy Hisham Samir , Abdelhay Rabab Mohamed , Ebaid Noha Yahia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Myocardial fibrosis is the potential outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Cardiac MRI is considered one of the most essential imaging methods in DCM evaluation by using the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequence and native T1 mapping technique. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the native T1 mapping technique for detecting myocardial fibrosis in DCM patients and correlate the values with the LGE in such a patient population.

Results
LGE was present in ten patients (33.33%) and 46 out of 480 myocardial segments (9.58%). T1 native values were significantly higher in the LGE group compared to the non-LGE group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the non-LGE group showed higher T1 native values than the control group. Based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves analysis, the best cut-off value of T1 native for the discrimination between normal myocardium and DCM was 1060 ms, while 1125 ms was the optimal cut-off value for LGE prediction among DCM patients (AUC; 0.919 and 0.904), respectively.

Conclusions
Native T1 mapping technique can be used as a simple, practical, and reproducible method for characterizing myocardial fibrosis in patients with DCM with high diagnostic accuracy and specificity.
Determinant of credit risk of Islamic banks in Pakistan
Authors: Shaheen Fazeelat Iqra , Ameer Uddin Khan Nadia , Baig Mirza Adnan , Muzammil Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the influence of macroeconomic variables and bank-specific factors on the credit risk of Islamic banking in Pakistan, through the panel data regression tools. The statistical tool which is applied to the research is ordinary least square (OLS) regression model. All the assumption to be fulfilled before using OLS. The secondary data have been taken from four (04) full-fledged Islamic banks in Pakistan, from 2007 to 2021. The focus of the research is to find the impact of macroeconomic variables like Gross domestic product, inflation, and growth in the interest rate and bank-specific factors like size, return on assets, loan loss provision, capital Adequacy ratio, and Asset quality to determine the credit risk (non-performing loans) of Islamic banks in Pakistan. The result of the ordinary least square (OLS) regression model is that loan loss provisions (LLP) have a positive and significant impact on credit risk (CR) and size of bank (S), and Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) have a negative and significant impact on credit risk (CR) of Islamic Bank of Pakistan. Inflation (INF) and Gross domestic product (GDP) have a positive and insignificant impact on credit risk (CR), and growth in interest rate (INT), return on assets (ROA), and asset quality (AQ) has a negative and insignificant impact on Credit risk (CR) of Islamic Bank of Pakistan. Therefore, Islamic banks should carefully examine their specific factors, i.e. LLP, S, and CAR to manage their credit risk, particularly in monitoring loans.
The dynamics behind private banking growth in Egypt
Authors: Abdou Doaa M. Salman , Alarabi Yomna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe research investigates the determinants of private banks profitability in Egypt. The determinants are bank specific (liquidity, capital adequacy, bank size, asset structure, credit risk, and non-performing loans), industry-specific (industry concentration and banking industry development), and macroeconomics (economic growth and inflation). It is an empirical study applying a quantitative method for data analysis and the type of data is secondary data. The sample size of the research is 15 private banks on the Egyptian and the panel data for the research is 2013–2022. The multiple linear regression analysis using the Eviews 12 application as an analytical tool by applying generalized least squares model. The profitability of private banks, which is the dependent factor, is calculated by two measurements, Return on Assets and Return on Equity with ten determinants of profitability as independent variables. Results indicate that capital adequacy, economic growth bank size, and inflation has a positive significant effect on private banks profitability in Egypt. While NPL, liquidity and credit risk have significant negative effect on private banks profitability in Egypt. Based on the results recommendations are provided for bank management to maximize their profitability.