bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
United Arab Emirates: Recent Developments in the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and of Women
Authors: Kanchana Radhika 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This survey reviews some of the key legislative and executive measures of the government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the year 2021–2022, which have relevance to mainly the rights of the migrant workers. Further, and in less detail, this survey also refers to some of the developments pertinent to the rights of women living in the UAE. However, more generally these rights are less relevant to women who are not UAE nationals. The UAE is a member country of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and a federal state comprising seven emirates namely, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah and Fujairah. The GCC comprises six states in the Arab-Gulf region: Oman, Bahrain, the UAE, Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. These oil-producing states have a significant proportion of foreign workforce in the population. Foreign workers work mostly in the private sector and are also residents in the host countries. At 88.1 per cent, the UAE has the highest proportion of migrants in its population among the GCC members (UN DESA, 2020). Therefore, a broader spectrum of governments’ measures relating to the issues like labour, entry and residence, and ownership of property or business touch the lives of the foreign/migrant workers or expatriates in the Gulf country. Governments’ initiatives targeting domestic workers are relevant also for women because they comprise the majority in this group. The survey notes that most of the governmental activity in the Emirates in the past year largely concern new laws or amendments of the existing legislation and regulations linked to labour and residency matters. Some of the more relevant ones that the survey has selected here confirms this. It also marks the period post the pandemic, which had posed considerable economic challenge for the government. Hence, as also some neighbouring Gulf countries, the UAE has shown a balance of measures. On the one hand, to revive its economic dynamism and competitiveness, measures have been taken aimed at facilitating more ease and benefits to attract and retain foreign labour and investment in the country. On the other hand, measures have been taken that expressly favour the national workforce in order to boost their more active participation in the labour market and to support increased nationalisation efforts. The UAE government’s expansion and the introduction of new residence and entry visas, unified rules of labour, and the Abu Dhabi government’s initiative with separate personal status law for non-Muslim foreigners in the emirate are a few notable highlights. The survey has essentially drawn on the government’s documents and announcements as available in English or translated text, in addition to information in the press and other relevant sources.
Reflections on Economics Education in China and Suggestions for Its Reform
Authors: Jia Genliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although the current economics education system in universities in China differs from developed Western countries, China has been deliberately emulating the economics education system in the West over the past two decades, a system that has been repeatedly criticized by international movements such as the “Post-Autistic Economics Movement” and the “International Student Initiative for Pluralism in Economics.” This article argues that the dominant position of mainstream Western economics in Chinese higher education contradicts the scientific principles of pluralism and does not align with China’s national conditions and the necessity for the development of a philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. Based on the proposals put forward by faculty and students involved in the international movement for the reform of economics education over the past 22 years, this article recommends reforms to address the major weaknesses of economics education in China. The reforms address ten areas for improvement, including the overall goals of pluralism in economics education, curriculum design, teaching methods, an independent academic evaluation system, faculty development, and the evaluation of academic disciplines. The purpose of these reforms is to destabilize the dominant position of mainstream Western economics in higher education in China and gradually establish a new economics education system with a curriculum based on a plurality of approaches, a variety of critical pedagogies, and a methodology of problem-based learning.
The Issue and Resolution of Grassroots Cadres’ Shirking of Work during the Land Reform and Party Rectification in Lucheng from 1948–1949
Authors: Deng Hongqin , Ma Weiqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Contrary to the existing academic consensus that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) shifted from strict purges to more lenient “education” in response to paralysis and other negative impacts on its cadre force during the land reform and party rectification, this paper posits that the process of addressing the pessimism, negativity, and work-shirking of cadres was not as simple as “education,” but rather a relatively difficult journey, with historical realities proving to be far richer and more complex. In face of the severe problem of cadre work-shirking during land reform and party rectification, the CCP gradually formed a clear understanding of the situation. While acknowledging mistakes, clarifying responsibilities, and striving to win back the cadres, the party also endeavored to eliminate ideological confusion, delineate right from wrong, and deal decisively with opportunists. For grassroots cadres, this also represented a transformative improvement adapted to revolution and societal development and changes. The resolution of the problem of cadre work-shirking highlights the wisdom and courage of the CCP as it confronted the negative impacts produced by miscalculations during land reform. It also illustrates the party’s internal aspirations and practical needs to vigorously develop production and achieve a smooth transition from “war” to “peace.”
Forensic analysis of fabricated long bone fractures for gain
Authors: Singh Ravdeep , Kumar Ashwini , Chhabra Harvinder S , Joshi Rajiv , Pramod Karan 
Published: October 2023

Background Self-inflicting injury is a recognised psychiatric disorder. Such cases are regularly seen in the emergency department, with a false history of assault. Most of these are easily detected by a forensic medicine expert as they present as described in literature but are difficult to explain if altered by professionals for nefarious reasons. Method This was a prospective study carried out at a tertiary centre. The data was collected and analysed from the office records of medico-legal reports prepared at our institute between 25 February 2022 and 25 February 2023. Results 21 cases were recorded, that met with our criteria. Most involved males (90.5%). Minimum age was 27 years and maximum age 66 years with a mean of 48.6 years and a standard deviation of ±11 years. Most offenders were unemployed (38.1%). Most fractured bone was tibia (47.6%). Left-sided fractures were more common (61.9%). Injuries corresponded with the findings on clothes in three cases (14.3%). Discussion Fabricated wounds will reflect the intentions of the fabricator and may range from superficial wounds to grievous injury. Only a critical analysis of all medico-legal cases will identify them, and they will have similarities of presentation. Conclusion Such findings have rarely been reported in other parts of India. A diligently prepared medico-legal report and profiling of all cases can help establish patterns of such injuries.
Student Perception of Journaling as an Assessment for an Engagement Experience
Authors: Dinç Emre , Wherley Maria Scalzi , Sankey Haley 
Published: October 2023

Background Formal reflection assignments help students process and learn from engagement experiences more fully. Guided reflection can help students engage more deeply with out-of-the-classroom learning experiences and record personal learning. However, it is unknown if students perceive such assignments as valuable. Purpose This study examined undergraduate students’ attitudes toward journaling assignments during a one-week study-away experience within an academic course. Methodology/Approach The engagement experience comprised firsthand learning about sustainability and energy practices and related policies in Colorado. Qualitative data were collected from nine participants via pre- and post-travel surveys. Thematic analysis was used. Findings/Conclusions Four themes emerged: prompts helped to elicit quality reflections; journaling enabled integration of learning, emotions, and plans; journaling served as a retrospective resource and reinforces learning; and students felt constrained by the time commitment and public nature of journaling assignments. Implications Findings suggest that journaling can help reinforce learning and help students monitor their learning, feelings, and plans.
Response to a low-energy meal replacement plan on glycometabolic profile and reverse cardiac remodelling in type 2 diabetes: a comparison between South Asians and White Europeans
Authors: Athithan Lavanya , Gulsin Gaurav S. , Henson Joseph , Althagafi Loai , Redman Emma , Argyridou Stavroula , Parke Kelly S. , Yeo Jian , Yates Thomas , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J. , McCann Gerry P. , Brady Emer M. 
Published: October 2023

Background: South Asians (SA) constitute a quarter of the global population and are disproportionally affected by both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure. There remains limited data of the acceptability and efficacy of low-energy meal replacement plans to induce remission of T2D in SA. Objectives: The objective of this exploratory secondary analysis of the DIASTOLIC study was to determine if there was a differential uptake, glycometabolic and cardiovascular response to a low-energy meal replacement plan (MRP) between SA and White European (WE) people with T2D. Methods: Obese adults with T2D without symptomatic cardiovascular disease were allocated a low-energy (~810 kcal/day) MRP as part of the DIASTOLIC study (NCT02590822). Comprehensive multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and metabolic profiling were undertaken at baseline and 12 weeks. A comparison of change at 12 weeks between groups with baseline adjustment was undertaken. Results: Fifteen WE and 12 SAs were allocated the MRP. All WE participants completed the MRP versus 8/12 (66%) SAs. The degree of concentric left ventricular remodelling was similar between ethnicities. Despite similar weight loss and reduction in liver fat percentage, SA had a lower reduction in Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [−5.7 (95% CI: −7.3, −4.2) versus −8.6 (−9.7, −7.6), p = 0.005] and visceral adiposity compared to WE [−0.43% (−0.61, −0.25) versus −0.80% (−0.91, −0.68), p = 0.002]. Exercise capacity increased in WE with no change observed in SA. There was a trend towards more reverse remodelling in WE compared to SAs. Conclusions: Compliance to the MRP was lower in SA versus WE. Overall, those completing the MRP saw improvements in weight, body composition and indices of glycaemic control irrespective of ethnicity. Whilst improvements in VAT and insulin resistance appear to be dampened in SA versus WE, given the small sample, larger studies are required to confirm or challenge this potential ethnic disparity. Trail registration: NCT02590822.
Breast cancer prevention and treatment misinformation on Twitter: An analysis of two languages
Authors: Yussof Izzati , Ab Muin Nur Fa’izah , Mohd Masnizah , Hatah Ernieda , Mohd Tahir Nor Asyikin , Mohamed Shah Noraida 
Published: October 2023

Objective To determine the prevalence and types of misinformation on Twitter related to breast cancer prevention and treatment; and compare the differences between the misinformation in English and Malay tweets. Methods A total of 6221 tweets related to breast cancer posted between 2018 and 2022 were collected. An oncologist and two pharmacists coded the tweets to differentiate between true information and misinformation, and to analyse the misinformation content. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify determinants of misinformation. Results There were 780 tweets related to breast cancer prevention and treatment, and 456 (58.5%) contain misinformation, with significantly more misinformation in Malay compared to English tweets (OR = 6.18, 95% CI: 3.45–11.07, p < 0.001). Other determinants of misinformation were tweets posted by product sellers and posted before the COVID-19 pandemic. Less misinformation was associated with tweets utilising official/peer-reviewed sources of information compared to tweets without external sources and those that utilised less reliable information sources. The top three most common content of misinformation were food and lifestyle, alternative medicine and supplements, comprising exaggerated claims of anti-cancer properties of traditional and natural-based products. Conclusion Misinformation on breast cancer prevention and treatment is prevalent on social media, with significantly more misinformation in Malay compared to English tweets. Our results highlighted that patients need to be educated on digital health literacy, with emphasis on utilising reliable sources of information and being cautious of any promotional materials that may contain misleading information. More studies need to be conducted in other languages to address the disparity in misinformation.
A hybrid Stacking-SMOTE model for optimizing the prediction of autistic genes
Authors: Ismail Eman , Gad Walaa , Hashem Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a disease associated with the neurodevelopment of the brain. The autism spectrum can be observed in early childhood, where the symptoms of the disease usually appear in children within the first year of their life. Currently, ASD can only be diagnosed based on the apparent symptoms due to the lack of information on genes related to the disease. Therefore, in this paper, we need to predict the largest number of disease-causing genes for a better diagnosis.

Methods
A hybrid stacking ensemble model with Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (Stack-SMOTE) is proposed to predict the genes associated with ASD. The proposed model uses the gene ontology database to measure the similarities between the genes using a hybrid gene similarity function(HGS). HGS is effective in measuring the similarity as it combines the features of information gain-based methods and graph-based methods. The proposed model solves the imbalanced ASD dataset problem using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), which generates synthetic data rather than duplicates the data to reduce the overfitting. Sequentially, a gradient boosting-based random forest classifier (GBBRF) is introduced as a new combination technique to enhance the prediction of ASD genes. Moreover, the GBBRF classifier combined with random forest(RF), k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine(SVM), and logistic regression(LR) to form the proposed Stacking-SMOTE model to optimize the prediction of ASD genes.

Results
The proposed Stacking-SMOTE model is evaluated using the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) gene database and a set of candidates ASD genes.The results of the proposed model-based SMOTE outperform other reported undersampling and oversampling techniques. Sequentially, the results of GBBRF achieve higher accuracy than using the basic classifiers. Moreover, the experimental results show that the proposed Stacking-SMOTE model outperforms the existing ASD prediction models with approximately 95.5% accuracy.

Conclusion
The proposed Stacking-SMOTE model demonstrates that SMOTE is effective in handling the autism imbalanced data. Sequentially, the integration between the gradient boosting and random forest classifier (GBBRF) support to build a robust stacking ensemble model(Stacking-SMOTE).
Paleoecology of extinct species
Authors: Pittman Michael , Wang Yucheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent developments, including new imaging and ancient environmental DNA (aeDNA) technologies, are providing unprecedented insights into the past, which can also help researchers predict future ecological change. BMC Ecology and Evolution has launched a new article Collection on the “Paleoecology of extinct species” to provide an open-access resource for all interested in this multidisciplinary field.
The plant organellar primase-helicase directs template recognition and primosome assembly via its zinc finger domain
Authors: Peralta-Castro Antolin , Cordoba-Andrade Francisco , Díaz-Quezada Corina , Sotelo-Mundo Rogerio , Winkler Robert , Brieba Luis G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The mechanisms and regulation for DNA replication in plant organelles are largely unknown, as few proteins involved in replisome assembly have been biochemically studied. A primase-helicase dubbed Twinkle (T7 gp4-like protein with intramitochondrial nucleoid localization) unwinds double-stranded DNA in metazoan mitochondria and plant organelles. Twinkle in plants is a bifunctional enzyme with an active primase module. This contrast with animal Twinkle in which the primase module is inactive. The organellar primase-helicase of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtTwinkle) harbors a primase module (AtPrimase) that consists of an RNA polymerase domain (RPD) and a Zn + + finger domain (ZFD).

Results
Herein, we investigate the mechanisms by which AtTwinkle recognizes its templating sequence and how primer synthesis and coupling to the organellar DNA polymerases occurs. Biochemical data show that the ZFD of the AtPrimase module is responsible for template recognition, and this recognition is achieved by residues N163, R166, and K168. The role of the ZFD in template recognition was also corroborated by swapping the RPDs of bacteriophage T7 primase and AtPrimase with their respective ZFDs. A chimeric primase harboring the ZFD of T7 primase and the RPD of AtPrimase synthesizes ribonucleotides from the T7 primase recognition sequence and conversely, a chimeric primase harboring the ZFD of AtPrimase and the RPD of T7 primase synthesizes ribonucleotides from the AtPrimase recognition sequence. A chimera harboring the RPDs of bacteriophage T7 and the ZBD of AtTwinkle efficiently synthesizes primers for the plant organellar DNA polymerase.

Conclusions
We conclude that the ZFD is responsible for recognizing a single-stranded sequence and for primer hand-off into the organellar DNA polymerases active site. The primase activity of plant Twinkle is consistent with phylogeny-based reconstructions that concluded that Twinkle´s last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) was an enzyme with primase and helicase activities. In plants, the primase domain is active, whereas the primase activity was lost in metazoans. Our data supports the notion that AtTwinkle synthesizes primers at the lagging-strand of the organellar replication fork.
Leaf photosynthetic characteristics of waxy maize in response to different degrees of heat stress during grain filling
Authors: Qu Lingling , Gu Xiaotian , Li Jing , Guo Jian , Lu Dalei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In the context of climate change, maize is facing unprecedented heat stress (HS) threats during grain filling. Understanding how HS affects yield is the key to reducing the impact of climate change on maize production. Suyunuo5 (SYN5) and Yunuo7 (YN7) were used as materials, and four temperature gradients of 28℃ (day)/20℃ (night; T0, control), 32 °C/24°C (T1, mild HS), 36 °C/28°C (T2, moderate HS), and 40 °C/32°C (T3, severe HS) were set up during grain filling to explore the physiological mechanism of different degrees HS affecting photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in this study.

Results
Results showed that HS accelerated the degradation of chlorophyll, disturbed the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and caused leaf damage. Heat stress induced the down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes, which results in the decrease of enzymatic activities involved in photosynthesis, thereby inhibiting photosynthesis and reducing yield. Integrated analysis showed that the degree of the negative influence of three HS types during grain filling on leaves and yield was T3 > T2 > T1. The increase in HS disturbed leaf physiological activities and grain filling. Meanwhile, this study observed that the YN7 was more heat tolerance than SYN5 and thus it was recommended to use YN7 in waxy maize planting areas with frequent high temperatures.

Conclusions
Heat stress during grain filling caused premature senescence of the leaves by inhibiting the ability of leaves to photosynthesize and accelerating the oxidative damage of cells, thereby affecting the waxy maize yield. Our study helped to simulate the productivity of waxy maize under high temperatures and provided assistance for a stable yield of waxy maize under future climate warming.
Abnormal inter-ventricular diastolic mechanical delay in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Jin Wenying , Yu Chao , Wang Lan , Ma Yuliang , He Dan , Zhu Tiangang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the ventricular mechanical relaxation pattern and its clinical influence in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods
Echocardiography was performed to measure mitral and tricuspid diastolic opening times. Left ventricular diastolic mechanical delay (LVMDd) was defined as diastolic filling of the right ventricle earlier than that of the left ventricle, and right ventricular diastolic mechanical delay (RVMDd) was defined as the right ventricular diastolic filling later than left ventricular filling.

Results
Among 152 patients with STEMI, 100 (65.8%) had LVMDd, and 47 (30.9%) had RVMDd. In-hospital complications were significantly increased in patients with RVMDd (61.6% vs. 41.0%, P = 0.017). Those with RVMDd exhibited significantly lower left ventricular global longitudinal strain (11.7 ± 4.1% vs. 13.2 ± 4.0%, P = 0.035), global work index (913.8 ± 365.9 vs. 1098.9 ± 358.8 mmHg%, P = 0.005) and global constructive work (1218.6 ± 392.8 vs. 1393.7 ± 432.7 mmHg%, P = 0.021). Mitral deceleration time significantly decreased (127.4 ± 33.5 vs. 145.6 ± 41.7 ms, P = 0.012), and the ratio of early mitral inflow to early mitral annular velocity (E/E’) significantly increased [13.0(11.0–20.0) vs. 11.9(9.3–14.3), P = 0.006] in the RVMDd group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]:0.920; P = 0.001), brain natriuretic peptide level (OR: 1.1002; P = 0.036) and mitral E/E’ (OR: 1.187; P = 0.003) were independently associated with RVMDd.

Conclusions
Delayed right ventricular filling is related to more severe left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in STEMI patients. More attention should be paid to patients with RVMDd to prevent adverse events during hospitalization.