Impact of exercise on the effect of potential biological mechanisms of intervention on sperm quality: a systematic evaluation and Bayesian net Meta-analysis
Authors: Song Weijia , Jiang Zhuyu , Quan Zheping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To evaluate the effect of different exercises on the effect of interventions on potential biological mechanisms of sperm quality with the help of reticulated Meta-analysis. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang and Wipu databases were searched to screen randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria, and Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and Stata 17.0 software was used to perform reticulated Meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 13 papers with 723 subjects were included, (including item healthy male youth 600 cases, animal experiment 123 cases). Home treadmill exercise (MD=-0.58 ,95%CI=-1.10,-0.06,P<0.05) was better than conventional control group on total sperm count enhancement, high-intensity running exercise (MD=-0.84, 95%CI=-1.40, -0.27, P<0.05), moderate-intensity running exercise (MD=0.74 ,95%CI=1.31, 0.17, P < 0.05), indicating that in terms of the effect of improving the total sperm count, there was a statistically significant difference in the total sperm count for all of the above three types of intervention exercise (P < 0.05); compared with the control group (MD = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.58,1.67, P < 0.05), high-intensity running exercise (MD = 1.46 , 95% CI = 0.86,2.05, P < 0.05), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (MD=1.46 , 95% CI=0.86,2.05, P<0.05), and aerobic exercise (MD=2.39, 95% CI=0.43,4.36, P<0.05) were more effective in enhancing sperm viability when compared to the home treadmill exercise, the high-intensity running exercise, and the aerobic exercise, suggesting that in terms of improvement of sperm viability among the two types of exercise interventions (home treadmill exercise, high intensity running exercise) were statistically different compared to the control group; compared to moderate intensity aerobic exercise, control group, high intensity running exercise, moderate intensity running exercise, high intensity sports (MD=3.31 , 95% CI=2.46,4.15, P<0.05), moderate intensity running exercise (MD=-0.38 , 95% CI=-0.61,-0.14, P<0.05) were more effective in enhancing sperm concentration, indicating that two of these exercise interventions (FXR, MTF) were statistically different compared to the control group in terms of improving sperm concentration; in terms of improving the total number of spermatozoa, aerobic treadmill training was more effective in improving the total number of spermatozoa, compared to swimming exercise (MD=1.61, 95% CI=0.04, 3.18, P < 0.05) and aerobic exercise (MD = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.02,3.15, P < 0.05) were more effective in enhancing the total sperm count, which was statistically significant; in terms of improving the number of active spermatozoa, compared with the control group, swimming exercise, and high aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise (MD = 3.13, 95% CI = 0.15, 6.11 (P<0.05), swimming exercise (MD=-0.05, 95% CI=-0.05, -0.05, P<0.05), and high aerobic exercise (MD=-0.05, 95% CI=-0.05, -0.05, P<0.05) were more effective in boosting the number of active spermatozoa.Conclusion: Exercise workouts can significantly improve sperm quality, of which home treadmill exercise with high-intensity running exercise, moderate-intensity running exercise and running platform exercise with swimming exercise and aerobic exercise may be the most effective exercise modes to improve sperm quality during experimental studies on humans and animals, but due to the limitations of the number of studies on individual interventions and the sample size, clear conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality studies The results of this study are summarized in the following table.