bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fall and Rise of Canons
Authors: Brenneman James E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CONTRADICTORY prophetic passages in Scripture, a focal point for this study, declare meaning to be intertextual and community determined, as noted in the foregoing chapters. Factors of evaluation necessary for judging among conflicting theologies, differing prophetic sensibilities, and contrasting truth claims in the Bible are the same factors that lead to creating canons (references of authority). Such conflicting alternatives, given their scriptural context, invite the question; What is meant by canonical authority?
Children in the Family Context
Authors: Silverman Phyllis Rolfe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is impossible to talk about children without looking at the family. Just as children’s understanding of death is framed by the historical and social context in which they live and how they grow and develop, the way they cope is influenced by the family of which they are a part. In the family, children receive the nurturance and support, love and care without which they will not thrive. After a death, we often talk of the individual mourner. Shapiro (1994) reminded us that we should actually talk about mourners in the plural. She described grief as a family developmental crisis, interwoven with the family’s history and its current developmental moment. The family members’ grief radically redirects the future course of their life together. In the context of the larger society and the community in which they live, each family constructs for itself a coherent system that guides, explains, and accompanies its members as they deal with the vicissitudes of life. The ways in which children, of all ages, experience and respond to stressors reflect, in large part, what they have learned and experienced in their home environment. It is only in this family context that we can begin to understand how individual members cope with death.
The Depth and Height of Scripture
Authors: Keck David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fourfold system of exegesis, whereby readers looked beyond the literal, historical text to discover hidden, symbolic meanings, was crucial for medieval angelology because it helped open the text and the reader’s own contemporary world to the mysterious presence of God’s messengers. Indeed, because people, objects, and events were capable of being read in various ways, their symbolism helped establish continuity between the world of the Bible and medieval Europe. Thus, in three sermons on the Book of Judith’s narrative of the struggle between Judith and the Babylonian general Holofemes, Hugh of Saint Victor discovers both the contemporary Christian struggle against Satan and the need for continued angelic support. Medieval exegetes dedicated themselves to the pursuit of such allegorical readings because they felt that to know the angels and to appreciate their mission required that the Christian be prepared to see and revere them at any moment, in any place, especially in passages of Scripture.According to Gregory the Great, this way of reading the Bible (and indeed the world itself) was one of the joys God has prepared for humanity. Gregory thus compares the reading of the depth of Scripture to dining at a banquet where the many different dishes produce endless delights and continual nourishment.
Birth, Maturation, and the Regular Religious Practices of Adults
Authors: Keck David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Seraphic Doctor declared that from the very moment of conception, a human being and his or her guardian angel are connected. Because he believed that a soul is capable of being tempted by the demons even before birth, he argued that an angel must guard the soul of a person as soon as it is poured into the womb. Aquinas, by contrast, concentrated on the use of reason as the central issue involving cooperation with a guardian angel. He argued that a guardian angel was not appointed until birth, the time at which being a rational creature begins (he also rejects baptism as the moment of receiving the angel, a view held by, for ex-ample, Peter Damian). Until then, the mother’s angel appropriately protected the fetus, as the two humans were not yet separated.I Such theological reflection indicates that properly understanding guardian angels is important for the soteriological struggle of human beings.
Introduction
Authors: Tucker James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book examines social control in postbureaucratic organizations-those without traditional forms of authority.’ It applies a new sociological paradigm developed by Donald Black that explains social control with the location and direction of conflict in social space. An extensive study of an employee-owned manufacturing corporation combined with a broader review of workplaces, past and present, reveal that therapy-a form of social control that addresses conflict with the self (Black, 1992:40, 1995:835)-is quite common in postbureaucratic organizations. This finding may seem surprising. Therapy is assumed to be the domain of psychiatrists and other specialists trained in the treatment of mental illness. The modern corporation, usually characterized as a place where people are subject to an elaborate set of impersonal rules and regulations, would appear to be an unlikely setting for finding social control that responds sympathetically to deviant behavior and helps individuals overcome their perceived intrapersonal troubles. Yet, as Blackian theory predicts, therapy thrives on the social conditions that typify the postbureaucratic organization-equality, homogeneity, and intimacy.
Therapeutic Management
Authors: Tucker James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social control in organizations is most forceful when it flows down the hierarchy. Subordinates who act out of line may be yelled at, demoted, fined, terminated, and even (in organizations of the past) beaten by their superiors. In the therapeutic corporation, however, managers act more like psychiatrists than disciplinarians. Deviant behavior is considered a consequence of intrapersonal conflict, and social control accordingly attempts to heal the self. Subordinates are often encouraged to seek help for their troubles and frequently discuss them at length with superiors. Managers also attempt to address problems by modifying people’s surroundings. This can involve moving someone to another part of the enterprise or changing the organization itself.
Conclusion
Authors: Tucker James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have seen that therapy does not merely occur in the offices of psychiatrists and the wards of mental hospitals. It also occurs in the workplace. Therapy is especially active in the postbureaucratic organization, where people up and down the hierarchy diagnose and treat each other for various intrapersonal problems. While therapy among employees is informal and often quite mild, the particular form it takes depends on its direction. Downward therapy is the most forceful. Besides encouraging people to help themselves, superiors counsel subordinates and modify their work surroundings. Lateral therapy is frequently combined with conciliation. Peers accommodate each other as much as possible, but also share their thoughts as a means of helping themselves and others. Managers sometimes intervene and help peers restore harmony to their relationships. Upward therapy is mostly covert. Subordinates secretly evaluate and indirectly attempt to help superiors, and occasionally open up and offer direct advice.
Some Alternatives Proposed for the Big Bang Model
Authors: Alpher Ralph A , Herman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before the discovery of the expansion of the universe, many alternative models were proposed for the universe, all singularly free of real connections with observation but frequently imaginative; some were theologically based. Since the discovery of the expansion, modern alternatives have generally invoked the cosmological principle: that is, the premise that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on a large scale. Some models originate from a philosophical predilection of the scientists for a universe that is eternal and does not change on a large scale, even if there is local evolution on a small scale. A few models try to explain the observed redshifts of distant galaxies, the principal indicators of expansion, as something other than the expansion of space; these have in general proved quite unsuccessful. And some that we mention only in passing credit the origin and evolution of the universe to an extramundane entity. We would suggest, however, that at this time in the history of cosmology the Big Bang model is, if nothing else, the paradigm against which other models must be measured.
The Anthropic Principle
Authors: Alpher Ralph A , Herman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have said a good deal about alternatives to the Big Bang, particularly in chapters 4 and 7, but feel impelled to say a bit more, particularly about the anthropic cosmological principle. We do not regard it as an alternative to the Big Bang model, but there has been so much written about it, at both technical and popular levels, that we must deal with it at least briefly.
Aftermath, Legacy, Meanings
Authors: Paxton Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Liberation of France meant emprisonment for Dorgères and the end of much he had worked for. Although his punishment was light, he never regained his prewar influence. Nevertheless, his tactical example and traces of his agrarian values are still powerful today.
On 18 August 1944, Resistance units arrested Dorgères in the Indre as he bicycled toward Vichy, intending, he told the court, to intercede with Marshal Pétain for an associate who had been arrested. As a former Vichy official, he faced a charge of treason (atteinte à la sûreté extérieure del’Etat). The local Cour de Justice in Chateauroux began to hear his case in November 1944, but in early December he succeeded in having jurisdiction transferred to Paris. There his case was investigated throughout 1945, while he remained in Fresnes prison. Dorgères spent nineteen months altogether in prison during 1944–46 awaiting trial. After lengthy indictment hearings, he was finally tried on 3 February 1946.
Black Culture and Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism, 1790-1930, an Overview
Authors: Chireau Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These Words, written by the illustrious pan-African intellectual Edward Wilmot Blyden, echo one of the most prominent themes in black religious thought from the nineteenth century onward: Ethiopianism, the prophesied redemption of Africa, a mission that was to be accomplished through the efforts of black Americans. Blyden, who in his later years became a passionate defender of Islam, initially found in the Jewish doctrine of Zionism an implicit affirmation of his belief in the spiritual destiny of African Americans. To Blyden, the sons and daughters of Africa everywhere in the diaspora-like the Jews-possessed a special charge as religious exemplars for the rest of humanity. Believing that Jewish aspirations for nationhood were comparable to those of blacks, Blyden hoped that some day African Americans would return to their motherland in order to aid, uplift, and restore her to her former glory. As for Zionism, Blyden argued that the significance of that movement extended far beyond the worldly promise of Jewish statehood. The Jews were “qualified by the unspeakable suffering of ages to be the leaders:’ he wrote,”not in politics but in religion:’ and best suited at “propagating the international religion” by which persons of”all races, climes, and countries[could] call upon the one Lord:’ Advocating a kinship between blacks and Jews, Blyden went so far as to suggest that Africa might be a productive site for both to begin the “higher and nobler work” of the uplift of humankind to which both peoples had been called.
“The Jew” in the Haitian Imagination: Pre-Modern Anti-Judaism in the Postmodern Caribbean
Authors: McAlister Elizabeth A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each year in Haiti the Holy Week of Easter sets the stage for spiritual dramas of remembrance, performed in carnivalesque street theater throughout the country. While Catholics reenact the Passion of Jesus and enter with him into his tribulation and resurrection, some practitioners of the Afro-Haitian religion called Vodou organize enormous musical parades called Raras and take to the streets for the spiritual warfare that becomes possible when the angels and saints remove to the underworld, along with Jesus, on Good Friday. The cast of characters who have a hand in the week’s events include the deities of Vodou-especially Baron Simitye, the Vodou “Lord of the Dead”-the zonbi (recently dead) who are his wards, and also Jesus, the two thieves crucified with him, a couple of Haitian army officers who secretly witnessed the resurrection, Pontius Pilate and the Romans, Judas, and “the Jews:’ The week’s ritual events combine the plots and personae of the Christian narrative with the cosmology of various African religions and rehash them in local ritual dramas whose elements draw from the entire history of the Atlantic world, from the European Middle Ages to the contemporary condition of global capitalism in the Americas.
The Sexual Madonna in Harold Frederic’s
Authors: Gatta John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the close of the nineteenth century, the demographic profile of the United States showed drastic change from what it had been only a century earlier. As urban factory workers began to outnumber farmers, so also new swells of Atlantic immigration-first from Ireland in the 1830s, then from southern and eastern Europe with peak influx ending around 19rn-qualified more and more the predominance of Anglo-Saxon Protestants within America’s white population. Particularly between 1880 and 1890, a pronounced ethnic shift toward poorer Roman Catholic, Jewish, and Eastern Orthodox immigrants drew nativist reactions and threatened illusions that the United States might ever remain or become a solidly Protestant nation.1 Meanwhile, the post-Civil War atmosphere of expansionism, political corruption, financial panic, and revisionist trends in science, religion, history, and philosophy encouraged literary Realism while nearly extinguishing Romanticism. The antebellum versions of Romantic religion that had stimulated engagement with divine womanhood in writers like Poe, Fuller, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Isaac Hecker, and James Russell Lowell no longer obtained.
The Transformation of Justice in Light of Centralization
Authors: Levinson Bernard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In systematically working out the implications of cultic centralization, the authors of Deuteronomy would also have had to take up issues that seem entirely unrelated to the cultus. Foremost among these would have been the impact of their innovation upon justice. Centralization required a revision both of conventional forms of judicial procedure and of conventional sources of judicial authority. In the local sphere, the important judicial function conventionally played by the local altar or sanctuary could no longer be tolerated; moreover, if the innovations of the Deuteronomic authors were to succeed, the judicial authority of the elders, the bearers of precedent, would in some way have to be circumscribed or curtailed.
The Centrality of Women in the Revitalization of Nestorian Christianity and Its Conflict with Islam
Authors: Porterfield Amanda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Concern for self-sacrifice played a significant role in the new culture that emerged among Nestorians in northwest Persia as a result of American missionary intervention. As members of the Old Church of the East, the Nestorians were already familiar with the Christian concept of self-sacrifice, but missionaries encouraged a heroic interpretation that raised the profile of the Nestorian community and roused the animosity of the surrounding Muslim population.
Secularist and Islamist Discourses on Modernity in Egypt and the Evolution of the Postcolonial Nation-State
Authors: Hatem Mervat F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both the opponents and the supporters of Islamism in Egypt recognize that its political triumph will have important implications for the operation of the postcolonial nationstate. In an important debate entitled “Egypt Between the Religious and the Civil State” that was held as part of Cairo ‘s (1992) annual book exhibit, the representatives of the secularist and the Islamist discourses presented their different views of a key feature of the postcolonial states that have ruled Egypt since 1952. The lslamists were very critical of the state ‘s circumscribed articulation of cultural difference (represented by both Islam and gender) and its acceptance of the universal character of the economic and the political arenas. The lslamists suggested that the choice that Egypt is asked to make is not between a civil and a religious state, but between an Islamic and an un-Islamic state. The goal of an Islamic state will be to give expanded cultural representation of the Islamic nation (umma) in the operation of the political (legislative and bureaucratic) and legal systems. ‘ This does not signal the Islamic state ‘s wholesale abandonment of the modern measures of societal strength, that is, the rule of reason, science, and economic development. These will be part and parcel of the concerns of the new state. Women have an important role to play in this cultural-political project. They will simultaneously represent cultural difference (through the Islamic mode of dress and an Islamist definition of femininity) and the exercise of full and universal political rights to vote and run for office.
The Return
Authors: Carabine Deirdre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reditus in Eriugena ‘s thought is the means whereby the whole of creation, by an ineffable miracle, will be transformed into God. It signals the end of all division and opposition, constituting the very final scene in the great cosmic drama of the unfolding of division in the universe. The process of restoring to unity all complexity and diversity is the final great adventure of nature by which all things will be transposed from finitude to infinity so that God shall be “all in all.” I have already shown that division operates on both an episte¬mological and on an ontological level in the Periphyseon. Every act of division can be resolved to unity; every outpouring is reciprocated by a converse movement.
Slavery, Racism, and the Master-Slave Relationship
Authors: Lyerly Cynthia Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In His Biography Of Philip Gatch, John M’Lean wrote these words describing early Methodism. Gatch, a man M’Lean came to know in church, in politics, and in the courts, was one of the Virginia Methodists who freed his slaves and who so abhorred slavery that he emigrated to Ohio with his wife and children.2 With them also went four slaves whose manumission dates had not yet arrived because by Virginia law, any freed persons under the age of twenty-one were their former owner’s responsibility; to leave them in Virginia might have put their freedom in jeopardy. Gatch continued to work against slavery and for blacks in Ohio. As a delegate to the constitutional convention, he voted to keep Ohio a free state and supported black suffrage, although this latter measure did not pass. In his will he left part of his land to his four former slaves, by this time residents of Ohio.
Students
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The telephone rings in Ron Biddle’s apartment. After several rings, an answering machine picks up. The caller hears the opening bars of “Pennsylvania 6-5000” played by the Glenn Miller Orchestra before the taped message announces that the Biddles are not at home. Ron Biddle, a lively, outgoing, articulate young man in his late twenties, is completing his third and final year of the Master of Divinity program at Evangelical Theological Seminary. A member of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Ron and his wife Charlotte live in married student housing on campus.
Covenant House
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The alcove on the second floor of Covenant House has been transformed. The mansion, whose stately ground-level rooms are used for meetings and receptions, is a women’s dormitory and guest house on its upper floors. In the alcove, the worn couch, large chairs, and battered television have been neatly arranged. Lois Boucher has donated her coffeepot, which sits on a low table under the window that looks out over Covenant House’s circular front drive. Lois, her roommate Laura, and several other women who arrived as new students two months earlier have dubbed the area “the Community-Building Room,” a phrase that they all laugh when they use. Within a few weeks, the name has been shortened to “CBR.”
Year Two: Working Things Out
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Classes are just beginning, but on this September Tuesday the major activity at Mainline Theological Seminary is the installation of Marvin and Mary Miles as tenured professors. The ceremony in the chapel, filled to capacity, begins with an organ fanfare—“Trumpet Tune in D,” by David Johnson—and a full-regalia academic procession. Marshal Tory Campbell holds the mace before him as he somberly leads the faculty down the center aisle. He wears a cassock under his black academic gown; two white collar tabs peek out at his neck. Reaching the front, Campbell turns to direct his colleagues into the pews-senior, tenured professors to one side, and all junior people to the other. The faculty in place, the assembly stands to declare:
Culture and Formation: Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the preceding chapters, we have presented our data and interpretation of the ways in which the two seminaries’ cultures function in the formation of students. We turn now to the relationship of our interpretations to a larger body of theory that has informed our work and to which, we believe, our work contributes.
The Promise of Education Women Students in the Public Eye
Authors: Morrissey Susank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sometimes the unconventional and atypical can illuminate social stereotypes. Such is the case with a 1901 article entitled “Romines novi” by Vasilii Rozanov, a philosopher and publicist, best characterized as brilliant, iconoclastic, and controversial. Claiming to recount how he came to support higher education for women, he instead reveled in the contradictory persona of the woman student. I once had to consult with two old maid scholar-kursistki of the “sixties” and “seventies” on some literary matter. What could be more dull than this meeting. We all know what femininity is, and we all know that 1.) bluestockings, 2.) the sixties, and 3.) old maids, form the essence, the three particularities of [the fairy-tale witch] Baba Yaga, in whom the tenderness, beauty, and interior depth of the woman has been eaten away.
A Sign for an Unbelieving Age
Authors: Eskridge Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the summer of 1972, John D. Morris, a 26-year-old engineer and son of creationist Henry Morris, headed a five-man party representing the newly formed Institute for Creation Research in an attempt to find Noah ‘s Ark on Mount Ararat in northeastern Turkey. Drawn by more than a century of alleged sightings of the ark, Morris’s group was one of several on the mountain that summer. On the night of August 2, as Morris and two of his fellow climbers camped at about 11,000 feet, he became “overwhelmed by the feeling that at the top of the finger glacier we would see Noah’s Ark. I just knew tomorrow would be a special day and related this to the others.”