bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Programs Administered over 2 Different Time Intervals
Authors: Beynnon Bruce D. , Uh Benjamin S. , Johnson Robert J. , Abate Joseph A. , Nichols Claude E. , Fleming Braden C. , Poole A. Robin , Roos Harald 
Published: February 2005

Background There are adverse effects associated with immobilization of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, yet very little is known about how much activity will promote adequate rehabilitation without permanently elongating the graft, producing graft failure, or creating damage to articular cartilage. Hypothesis Rehabilitation with either an accelerated or nonaccelerated program produces no difference in anterior-posterior knee laxity, clinical assessment, patient satisfaction, functional performance, and the synovial fluid biomarkers of articular cartilage metabolism. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Twenty-five patients who tore their anterior cruciate ligament were enrolled and underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patients were randomized to accelerated rehabilitation or nonaccelerated rehabilitation. At the time of surgery and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months later, measurements of anterior-posterior knee laxity, clinical assessment, patient satisfaction, functional performance, and cartilage metabolism were completed. Results At the 2-year follow-up, there was no difference in the increase of anterior knee laxity relative to the baseline values that were obtained immediately after surgery between the 2 groups (2.2-mm vs 1.8-mm increase relative to the normal knee). The groups were similar in terms of clinical assessment, patient satisfaction, activity level, function, and response of the bio-markers. After 1 year of healing, synthesis of collagen and turnover of aggrecan remained elevated in both groups. Conclusion Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft followed by either accelerated or nonaccelerated rehabilitation produces the same increase of anterior knee laxity. Both programs had the same effect in terms of clinical assessment, patient satisfaction, functional performance, and the biomarkers of articular cartilage metabolism. There is concern that the cartilage biomarkers remained elevated for an extended period.
Athletes with Unilateral Spondylolysis are at Risk of Stress Fracture at the Contralateral Pedicle and Pars Interarticularis: A Clinical and Biomechanical Study
Authors: Sairyo Koichi , Katoh Shinsuke , Sasa Takahiro , Yasui Natsuo , Goel Vijay K. , Vadapalli Sasidhar , Masuda Akiyoshi , Biyani Ashok , Ebraheim Nabil 
Published: February 2005

Background Unilateral spondylolysis is common in youths; its clinical and biomechanical features, especially effects on the contralateral side, are not fully understood. Hypothesis Unilateral spondylolysis predisposes the contralateral side to stress fracture, especially in athletes actively engaged in sporting activities involving torsion of the trunk. Study Design Case series and descriptive laboratory study. Methods Thirteen athletes younger than age 20 with unilateral spondylolysis were included. The contralateral pedicle and pars of spondylolytic vertebrae were examined using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Using a finite element model of the intact ligamentous L3-S1 segment, stress distributions were analyzed in response to 400-N axial compression and 10.6-N.m moment in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Unilateral spondylolysis was created in the model at L5. The stress results from the unilateral defect model were compared to the intact model predictions and correlated to the contralateral defects seen in patients. Results Among 13 patients, there were 6 early-, 2 progressive-, and 5 terminal-stage defects. Three (23.1%) showed contralateral stress fracture. Among them, 2 belonged to the progressive-stage and 1 to the terminal-stage spondylolysis group. The remaining 4 patients in the terminal defect group showed stress reactions, such as sclerosis at the contralateral pedicle. In the finite element analysis model with an L5 left spondylolysis, the stresses at the contralateral and pars interarticularis were found to increase in all loading modes, with increases as high as 12.6-fold compared to the intact spine. Conclusions Unilateral spondylolysis could lead to stress fracture or sclerosis at the contralateral side due to an increase in stresses in the region. Clinical Relevance Surgeons should be aware of possibility of contralateral stress fractures in cases in which patients, especially athletes engaged in active sports, show unilateral spondylolysis and persistent low back pain complaints.
Prospective Trial of a Treatment Algorithm for the Management of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Injured Knee
Authors: Fithian Donald C. , Paxton Elizabeth W. , Stone Mary Lou , Luetzow William F. , Csintalan Rick P. , Phelan Daniel , Daniel Dale M. 
Published: February 2005

Background Specific guidelines for operative versus nonoperative management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries do not yet exist. Hypothesis Surgical risk factors can be used to indicate whether reconstruction or conservative management is best for an individual patient. Study Design Prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Patients were classified as high, moderate, or low risk using preinjury sports participation and knee laxity measurements. Early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (within 3 months of injury) was recommended to high-risk patients and conservative care to low-risk patients. It was recommended that moderate-risk patients have either early reconstruction or conservative care, according to the day of presentation. Assessment of subjective outcomes, activity, physical measurements, and radiographs was performed at mean follow-up of 6.6 years. Results Early phase conservative management resulted in more late phase meniscus surgery than did early phase reconstruction at all risk levels (high risk, 25% vs 6.5%; moderate risk, 37% vs 7.7%, P =. 01; low risk, 16% vs 0%). Early- and late-reconstruction patients’ Tegner scores increased from presurgery to follow-up (P <. 001) but did not return to preinjury levels. Early-reconstruction patients had higher rates of degenerative change on radiographs than did nonreconstruction patients (P <. 05). Conclusions Early phase reconstruction reduced late phase knee laxity, risk of symptomatic instability, and the risk of late meniscus tear and surgery. Moderate- and high-risk patients had similar rates of late phase injury and surgery. Reconstruction did not prevent the appearance of late degenerative changes on radiographs. Relationship between bone contusion on initial magnetic resonance images and the finding of degenerative changes on follow-up radiographs were not detected. The treatment algorithm used in this study was effective in predicting risk of late phase knee surgery.
Percutaneous Drilling of Symptomatic Accessory Navicular in Young Athletes
Authors: Nakayama Shoichiro , Sugimoto Kazuya , Takakura Yoshinori , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kasanami Ryoji 
Published: February 2005

Background Results of percutaneous drilling for symptomatic type II accessory tarsal navicular bone are not determined. Hypothesis Percutaneous drilling of accessory navicular synchondrosis will induce or accelerate bone union between the accessory and primary navicular bones. Bone union of the synchondrosis leads to symptomatic relief. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Thirty-one feet of 29 patients with type II accessory tarsal navicular treated by percutaneous drilling were reviewed. Results Twenty-four feet (77.4%) were assessed as excellent, 6 (19.4%) as good, and 1 (3.2%) as fair. No feet were assessed as poor. Bone union was obtained in 16 (80%) of the 20 feet when the proximal phalanx of the great toe was immature and in 2 of the 11 feet when it was mature. Conclusion Percutaneous drilling of the synchondrosis was effective for a symptomatic type II accessory navicular, especially in patients with immature proximal phalanx of the great toe.
Leukocyte migration and graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Wysocki Christian A. , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Blazar Bruce R. , Serody Jonathan S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Acute GVHD is mediated by immunocompetent donor T cells, which migrate to lymphoid tissues soon after infusion, recognize host alloantigens, and become activated upon interaction with host antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Recent work from our group and others suggests that activated effector T cells exit lymphoid tissues and traffic to mucosal sites and parenchymal target organs such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, lung, and skin where they cause tissue damage. The molecular interactions necessary for effector cell migration during GVHD have become the focus of a growing body of research, as these interactions represent potential therapeutic targets. In this review we discuss chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions and adhesion molecules that have been shown to play roles in effector cell migration in experimental GVHD models, and we discuss a potential model for the role of chemokines during the activation phase of GVHD.
Differential regulation of granulopoiesis by the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional inhibitors Id1 and Id2
Authors: Buitenhuis Miranda , van Deutekom Hanneke W. M. , Verhagen Liesbeth P. , Castor Anders , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. , Lammers Jan-Willem J. , Koenderman Leo , Coffer Paul J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractInhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins function as inhibitors of members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating lymphopoiesis. However, the role of these proteins in regulation of myelopoiesis is currently unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id2 in the regulation of granulopoiesis. Id1 expression was initially up-regulated during early granulopoiesis, which was then followed by a decrease in expression during final maturation. In contrast, Id2 expression was up-regulated in terminally differentiated granulocytes. In order to determine whether Id expression plays a critical role in regulating granulopoiesis, Id1 and Id2 were ectopically expressed in CD34+ cells by retroviral transduction. Our experiments demonstrate that constitutive expression of Id1 inhibits eosinophil development, whereas in contrast neutrophil differentiation was modestly enhanced. Constitutive Id2 expression accelerates final maturation of both eosinophils and neutrophils, whereas inhibition of Id2 expression blocks differentiation of both lineages. Transplantation of β2-microglobulin-/- nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice with CD34+ cells ectopically expressing Id1 resulted in enhanced neutrophil development, whereas ectopic expression of Id2 induced both eosinophil and neutrophil development. These data demonstrate that both Id1 and Id2 play a critical, although differential role in granulopoiesis.
Prognostic indicators in peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Harmon Rhonda L , Sugarbaker Paul H 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPeritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer has new treatment options for surgical management. The approach uses cytoreductive surgery which combines peritonectomy and visceral resection in an effort to remove all visible cancer within the abdomen and pelvis. Then the peritoneal cavity is flooded with chemotherapy solution in an attempt to eradicate residual disease. In order to select patients for this approach the quantitative prognostic indicators for carcinomatosis were reviewed, compared and contrasted. Prognostic indicators to be used to select patients for this aggressive approach at the initiation of surgery and after completion of cytoreduction were studied. Four quantitative assessments to be used at the time of abdominal exploration were the Gilly staging, Japanese gastric cancer P score, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), and the simplified peritoneal cancer index (SPCI). All have value with the PCI being the most validated and most precise. Preoperative assessments include the tumor histopathology and the prior surgical score. The completeness of cytoreduction score is an assessment of residual disease after a maximal surgical effort. An opportunity for long-term survival following treatment for carcinomatosis requires a complete cytoreduction in all reports for gastrointestinal cancer. Quantitative prognostic indicators need to be knowledgeably employed when patients with carcinomatosis are being treated. Improved patient selection with greater benefit and reduced morbidity and mortality should result.
Evolving Role of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kalus James S , Moser Lynette R 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVE: To review the available literature on the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy or conservative medical management. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966–March 2004) using the key words myocardial infarction, STEMI, LMWH, enoxaparin, and dalteparin identified pertinent articles. The references of these articles were reviewed for additional pertinent references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All human trials of LMWH in STEMI were evaluated. All pertinent studies were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: LMWH did not show a benefit in STEMI without fibrinolytic therapy. Enoxaparin is similar to intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) in combination with nonspecific fibrinolytic therapy with regard to invasive reperfusion markers and 30-day clinical outcomes. Enoxaparin decreases composite endpoints in combination with fibrin-specific fibrinolytic therapy compared with UFH, primarily through a reduction in the incidence of reinfarction at 30 days. Bleeding rates with LMWH in combination with fibrinolytic agents are not greater than those with UFH. CONCLUSIONS: Enoxaparin is a reasonable alternative to UFH in patients with STEMI treated with fibrin-specific fibrinolytic therapy. LMWH in patients managed with nonspecific fibrinolytic therapy or conservative medical treatment does not provide an advantage over standard management. Large clinical trials are ongoing which will provide more definitive recommendations.
Infrequency of Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Among Sexually Experienced U.S. Female Adolescents
Authors: Fiscus Lynne C. , Ford Carol A. , Miller William C. 
Published: February 2005

CONTEXT: Since 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and professional medical organizations have recommended that all sexually experienced female adolescents receive annual screening for Chlamydia trachomatis. Whether adolescents receive this care is largely unknown.METHODS: Reports of receipt of testing or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past year, as well as sites of care, were obtained from 3,987 sexually experienced females in grades 7–12 who participated in Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, conducted in 1995. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of reporting care.RESULTS: Eighteen percent of all participants reported having received STD services in the past year. Of those who reported having had a routine physical examination in the past year, 22% reported receipt of STD services. The proportion reporting STD care increased linearly with age from 9% of 12–13‐year‐olds to 25% of those 19 or older. In adjusted analyses, the odds of reporting testing or treatment were elevated among participants who had had a physical examination in the past year (odds ratio, 2.1), those with Medicaid or Medicare insurance (1.9), black women (1.5) and older adolescents (1.2). Adolescents most often reported having received STD care at a community health center (44%) or a private physician's office (31%).CONCLUSIONS: Continued inadequate screening may contribute to persisting high prevalence of chlamydia infection among adolescents. Future research is needed to determine whether the proportions of adolescents receiving recommended STD screening have increased over time.
Contraceptive Use and Consistency in U.S. Teenagers' Most Recent Sexual Relationships
Authors: Manlove Jennifer , Ryan Suzanne , Franzetta Kerry 
Published: February 2005

CONTEXT: Most U.S. teenage pregnancies are unintended, partly because of inconsistent or no use of contraceptives. Understanding the factors associated with contraceptive use in teenagers' most recent relationships can help identify strategies to prevent unintended pregnancy.METHODS: Data on 1,468 participants in Waves 1 and 2 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who had had two or more sexual relationships were analyzed to assess factors associated with contraceptive use patterns in teenagers' most recent sexual relationship. Odds ratios were generated through logistic regression.RESULTS: Many relationship and partner characteristics were significant for females but nonsignificant for males. For example, females' odds of ever, rather than never, having used contraception in their most recent relationship increased with the duration of the relationship (odds ratio, 1.1); their odds were reduced if they had not known their partner before dating him (0.2). The odds of consistent use (vs. inconsistent or no use) were higher for females in a “liked” relationship than for those in a romantic relationship (2.6), and for females using a hormonal method instead of condoms (4.5). Females' odds of consistent use decreased if the relationship involved physical violence (0.5). Among teenagers in romantic or “liked” relationships, the odds of ever‐use and of consistent use were elevated among females who had discussed contraception with the partner before their first sex together (2.9 and 2.1, respectively), and the odds increased among males as the number of presexual couple‐like activities increased (1.2 for each).CONCLUSIONS: Teenagers must use contraception consistently over time and across relationships despite pressure not to. Therefore, they must learn to negotiate sexual and contraceptive decisions in each relationship.
Bone Formation in the Maxillary Sinus by Using Platelet-rich Plasma: An Experimental Study in Sheep
Authors: Grageda Edgar , Lozada Jaime L. , Boyne Phillip J. , Caplanis Nicholas , McMillan Paul J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proven to be an effective regeneration adjunct when combined with autogenous bone in the reconstruction of mandibular defects. However, little is known about the effect of PRP when combined with a bone allograft in the maxillary sinus. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the ability of PRP to enhance bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus of sheep when combined with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and cortical cancellous freeze-dried bone allograft (CCFDBA). Ten sheep were selected for bilateral sinus augmentation DFDBA + CCFDBA + PRP (test) and DFDBA + CCFDBA (control). Five were sacrificed at 3 months and the other 5 at 6 months. Hematology tests were performed for platelet count, and histology slides were obtained for histomorphometric analysis taking 2 measures of interest: total area (square millimeters) and percentage of bone fill. Student t tests showed no significant difference between test and control groups for total area (P &gt; .25) and percentage of bone fill (P &gt; .80) at either 3 or 6 months. The control group showed no statistical difference for total area (P &lt; .095) and percentage of bone fill (P &lt; .60) between 3- and 6-month healing times. The test group, however, showed a significant increase in total area (P &lt; .025) but not in percentage of bone fill (P &lt; .40) for the 2 healing periods. When the treatments were compared for interactions within the animal model, no clear tendency was evident for the test group to perform in relation to the control group regarding total area (r = .766, P &lt; .01). A moderate tendency existed between the percentages of bone filled (r = .824, P &lt; .005). Platelet-rich plasma showed higher platelet count than did the whole blood (2 to 5 times). However, no correlation was found between the log ratio and the bone measures. Within the limitations of this study, PRP failed to enhance or accelerate bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus of sheep when combined with bone allograft.
Two Genetically Distinct Forms of Rougheye Rockfish Are Different Species
Authors: Gharrett Anthony J. , Matala Andrew P. , Peterson Eric L. , Gray Andrew K. , Li Zhouzhou , Heifetz Jonathan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and at eight microsatellite loci was analyzed in 700 rougheye rockfish Sebastes aleutianus sampled along the Pacific Rim from the Oregon coast to the western Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. The program STRUCTURE was used to analyze the microsatellite genotypes and determine that the samples probably came from two genetically distinct sources (type I and type II) by minimizing the strong Hardy−Weinberg and gametic disequilibria observed in the total sample. The two types had nearly fixed differences at one microsatellite locus (μSma 6), which corresponded to divergent mtDNA haplotype clusters. We conclude that these two types are distinct species. The ranges of the two types overlapped but were not coincident; in some areas, one or the other predominated. For example, most of the Aleutian Island samples were type I fish. Although both types were caught in the same hauls in some regions, often one or the other species was predominant in a haul. The differences in distributions suggest a historic vicariant or ecological basis for their divergence. No phenotypic characteristics have been confirmed that can be used to distinguish the two species visually. Rougheye rockfish have high commercial value and their incidental catch has the potential to greatly affect larger fisheries. The discovery of cryptic speciation in a commercially important species underscores our need to learn more about the distribution and biology of these and other groundfish species.
An investigation of the mechanism of liquid injection into fluidized beds
Authors: Bruhns Stefan , Werther Joachim 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mechanism of liquid injection into fluidized bed reactors was investigated by injecting water and ethanol, respectively, into a pilot‐scale bubbling fluidized bed (cross section: 1 × 0.5 m) that was kept at temperatures between 120 and 180°C. Quartz sand and FCC catalyst were used as bed materials. The injected liquid was found to form agglomerates with the bed particles at the nozzle exit and become transported into the bed interior by mixing of the large‐scale solids. There the liquids evaporate from the surface of the particles. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 766–775, 2005