bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-main sequence thermal evolution of planetesimals
Authors: Li Yuqi , Bonsor Amy , Shorttle Oliver 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
White dwarfs that have accreted planetary materials provide a powerful tool to probe the interiors and formation of exoplanets. In particular, the high Fe/Si ratio of some white dwarf pollutants suggests that they are fragments of bodies that were heated enough to undergo large-scale melting and iron core formation. In the Solar system, this phenomenon is associated with bodies that formed early and so had short-lived radionuclides to power their melting, and/or grew large. However, if the planetary bodies accreted by white dwarfs formed during the (pre)-main sequence lifetime of the host star, they will have potentially been exposed to a second era of heating during the star’s giant branches. This work aims to quantify the effect of stellar irradiation during the giant branches on planetary bodies by coupling stellar evolution to thermal and orbital evolution of planetesimals. We find that large-scale melting, sufficient to form an iron core, can be induced by stellar irradiation, but only in close-in small bodies: planetesimals with radii ≲ 30 km originally within ∼2 au orbiting a 1–3 M⊙ host star with solar metallicity. Most of the observed white dwarf pollutants are too massive to be explained by the accretion of these small planetesimals that are melted during the giant branches. Therefore, we conclude that those white dwarfs that have accreted large masses of materials with enhanced or reduced Fe/Si remain an indicator of planetesimal’s differentiation shortly after formation, potentially linked to radiogenic heating.
Super slowly spinning stars in close binaries
Authors: Fuller Jim , Felce Catherine 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Stars in short-period binaries typically have spins that are aligned and synchronized with the orbit of their companion. In triple systems, however, the combination of spin and orbital precession can cause the star’s rotation to evolve to a highly misaligned and sub-synchronous equilibrium known as a Cassini state. We identify a population of recently discovered stars that exhibit these characteristics and which are already known to have tertiary companions. These third bodies have a suitable orbital period to allow the inner binary to evolve into the sub-synchronous Cassini state, which we confirm with orbital evolution models. We also compute the expected stellar obliquity and spin period, showing that the observed rotation rates are often slower than expected from equilibrium tidal models. However, we show that tidal dissipation via inertial waves can alter the expected spin–orbit misalignment angle and rotation rate, potentially creating the very slow rotation rates in some systems. Finally, we show how additional discoveries of such systems can be used to constrain the tidal physics and orbital evolution histories of stellar systems.
NRG/RTOG 0837: Randomized, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of chemoradiation with or without cediranib in newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Batchelor Tracy T , Won Minhee , Chakravarti Arnab , Hadjipanayis Costas G , Shi Wenyin , Ashby Lynn S , Stieber Volker W , Robins H Ian , Gray Heidi J , Voloschin Alfredo , Fiveash John B , Robinson Clifford G , Chamarthy UshaSree , Kwok Young , Cescon Terrence P , Sharma Anand K , Chaudhary Rekha , Polley Mei-Yin , Mehta Minesh P 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundA randomized, phase II, placebo-controlled, and blinded clinical trial (NCT01062425) was conducted to determine the efficacy of cediranib, an oral pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, versus placebo in combination with radiation and temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive (1) cediranib (20 mg) in combination with radiation and temozolomide; (2) placebo in combination with radiation and temozolomide. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) based on blinded, independent radiographic assessment of postcontrast T1-weighted and noncontrast T2-weighted MRI brain scans and was tested using a 1-sided Z test for 2 proportions. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated per CTCAE version 4.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-eight patients were randomized, out of which 9 were ineligible and 12 were not evaluable for the primary endpoint, leaving 137 eligible and evaluable. 6-month PFS was 46.6% in the cediranib arm versus 24.5% in the placebo arm (P = .005). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the 2 arms. There was more grade ≥ 3 AEs in the cediranib arm than in the placebo arm (P = .02).ConclusionsThis study met its primary endpoint of prolongation of 6-month PFS with cediranib in combination with radiation and temozolomide versus placebo in combination with radiation and temozolomide. There was no difference in overall survival between the 2 arms.
The R2R3-MYB transcription factor EVER controls the emission of petunia floral volatiles by regulating epicuticular wax biosynthesis in the petal epidermis
Authors: Skaliter Oded , Bednarczyk Dominika , Shor Ekaterina , Shklarman Elena , Manasherova Ekaterina , Aravena-Calvo Javiera , Kerzner Shane , Cna’ani Alon , Jasinska Weronika , Masci Tania , Dvir Gony , Edelbaum Orit , Rimon Ben , Brotman Yariv , Cohen Hagai , Vainstein Alexander 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The epidermal cells of petunia (Petunia × hybrida) flowers are the main site of volatile emission. However, the mechanisms underlying the release of volatiles into the environment are still being explored. Here, using cell-layer-specific transcriptomic analysis, reverse genetics by virus-induced gene silencing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR), and metabolomics, we identified EPIDERMIS VOLATILE EMISSION REGULATOR (EVER)—a petal adaxial epidermis-specific MYB activator that affects the emission of volatiles. To generate ever knockout lines, we developed a viral-based CRISPR/Cas9 system for efficient gene editing in plants. These knockout lines, together with transient-suppression assays, revealed EVER's involvement in the repression of low-vapor-pressure volatiles. Internal pools and annotated scent-related genes involved in volatile production and emission were not affected by EVER. RNA-Seq analyses of petals of ever knockout lines and EVER-overexpressing flowers revealed enrichment in wax-related biosynthesis genes. Liquid chromatography/gas chromatography–MS analyses of petal epicuticular waxes revealed substantial reductions in wax loads in ever petals, particularly of monomers of fatty acids and wax esters. These results implicate EVER in the emission of volatiles by fine-tuning the composition of petal epicuticular waxes. We reveal a petunia MYB regulator that interlinks epicuticular wax composition and volatile emission, thus unraveling a regulatory layer in the scent-emission machinery in petunia flowers.
Work Hours, Free Time, and Economic Output
Authors: Parr Tom 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
My aim in this article is to contribute to defences of working time policies by attempting to meet an objection that comes from those who condemn these measures on the alleged grounds that they reduce economic output. What is more, as I emphasize throughout, it is possible to rebut such a concern in a fashion that is consistent with the demands of liberal anti-perfectionism. In itself, this is a philosophically striking and politically significant result. However, beyond this, much of the value of my discussion lies in the details of how to meet the relevant objection, and perhaps especially in my novel liberal defence of the ideal of the stationary state.
Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Haoming , Singh Benjamin Sachdev Manjit , Fong Warren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease associated with significant morbidity. Fatigue, a widely recognized disease manifestation, has considerable impacts on patients’ work productivity, physical function and mental well-being. However, the reported prevalence of fatigue varies across studies, and pooled data are currently lacking. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA and to identify factors associated with fatigue.

Methods
A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to determine the global prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA. Databases including CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from inception until April 2023. Data were extracted, and the quality of studies was assessed. A pooled prevalence of fatigue was determined by using a random-effects model. Meta-analyses were used to determine the observed heterogeneity via subgroup analysis and associations between relevant predictors and the presence of fatigue.

Results
Thirty eligible articles were included in the study, including 7893 patients with axSpA. The pooled prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.63; I2 = 94.6%), with significant levels of heterogeneity. Among the factors of heterogeneity explored, the geographical region of the study (P = 0.0013) was significant for being a possible source. Poorer quality of life was associated with more fatigue (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
More than half of patients with axSpA experience fatigue, with poorer quality of life being associated with more fatigue.
Development of a dose estimation system for external exposure assessment at the late phase for individuals living in areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Yajima Kazuaki , Hasegawa Shin , Takahashi Tomoyuki , Aono Tatsuo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although the elevated ambient dose equivalent (ADE) rates in areas radiologically affected by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear plant accident decreased as time passed, the assessment of Fukushima residents’ external dose is still important. A dose estimation system for external exposure assessment at the late phase for individuals living in Fukushima Prefecture was developed for this purpose. The developed system enables the estimations of external doses over the future based on an individual behavioral pattern and ADE-rate distributions from aerial monitoring data and its predicted ADE rate. To validate the system, the estimated results were compared with the measured readings of personal dosemeters. The results indicate that the developed system properly reproduced the individual external doses of subjects living in areas where the outdoor ADE rates exceeded 0.2 μSv h−1.
Recent developments at the Calibration Laboratory for radiation protection instruments and dosemeters of the Paul Scherrer Institute
Authors: Kasprzak Malgorzata , Geser Federico A , Sliz Malgorzata , Yukihara Eduardo , Mayer Sabine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Calibration Laboratory of the Paul Scherrer Institute is responsible for the calibration and verification of radiation protection instruments and dosemeters for internal as well as external customers, such as nuclear power plants and hospitals. The Laboratory is authorised by the Federal Institute of Metrology METAS to perform legal verifications and is accredited as an inspection body, according to ISO 17020, and as a calibration laboratory, according to ISO 17025 by the Swiss Accreditation Service. In addition to routine activities (e.g. calibration of dosemeters, irradiation of passive and active dosemeters on phantoms), the Laboratory is involved in various research and development projects with the goal of supporting the increasingly complex calibration needs and to comply with new regulations, particularly those related to clearance limits in free release measurements. Here we present an overview of the currently on-going projects, which include the investigation of Monte Carlo methods for the calibration of clearance monitors and the development of new calibration procedures for wipe test counters. We also discuss the challenges encountered in these projects, since different stakeholders, ranging from legal authorities to equipment manufacturers and users, are involved in the calibration process.
Initial approach to application of gamma spectroscopy to alpha particles dosimetry in BNCT
Authors: Knake Natalia , Prokopowicz Rafał , Cybowska Justyna , Kwiatkowski Roch , Zawadka Antoni , Gryziński Michał A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study is to show a method of real-time determination of the dose deposited in a tissue-like medium by α-particles emitted from the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction. The applied research method is to determine the correlation between the measured density of α-particle traces and measured in real time the 478 keV prompt-gamma rays derived from the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction. To achieve this aim, an appropriate construction of an experimental set-up is needed. The experimental set-up built for the purpose of the measurements carried out in the MARIA Reactor at the National Centre for Nuclear Research in Świerk, Poland, is presented. The main challenges related to obtaining optimal conditions for the measurement of the 478 keV gamma photons; the preliminary results of spectrometric measurements and further studies are also discussed.
CIEMAT participation in the seven EURADOS intercomparisons for whole-body dosemeters in photon and beta fields (2008–20)
Authors: Rodriguez Rafael , Romero Ana M , Lopez José L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Regular participation in intercomparisons (ICs) is an excellent way to test the reliability of results in laboratories. This work presents the analysis and conclusions of the results obtained by the CIEMAT dosimetry system in the last seven EURADOS ICs of whole-body dosemeters in fields of photons and beta radiation. Compliance with the criteria established in the ISO14146 standard, as well as the behavior of the CIEMAT personal dosemeters in all these ICs, has provided the necessary confidence for its use in the individual monitoring of workers during these years.
A practical method for routine eye lens dosimetry of staff in interventional radiology
Authors: Bergans Niki , Vandermaesen Alexander , Vanheule Jeroen , Bogaerts Ria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hospital staff doing fluoroscopy-guided interventions receive the highest doses and are at risk of exceeding the new occupational eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv. Since the introduction of the new limit in the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations different eye lens dose monitoring techniques have been tested on phantoms. This study uses real-life dose data to assess the need for routine eye lens dose monitoring. The correlation of eye lens dose and Hp (10) measured with a whole-body dosemeter above the lead apron was investigated as an alternative to dedicated eye lens dosimetry. A survey taken among the medical personnel allowed to determine the preferred method for measuring eye lens doses in daily practice.
Plasmodium falciparumOPA3‐like protein (PfOPA3) is essential for maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and parasite proliferation
Authors: Narwal Monika , Jain Shilpi , Rathore Sumit , Mohmmed Asif 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetabolic pathways and proteins responsible for maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and homeostasis in the Plasmodium parasite, the causative agent of malaria, remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and functionally characterized a novel OPA3‐like domain‐containing protein in P. falciparum (PfOPA3). We show that PfOPA3 is expressed in the intraerythrocytic stages of the parasite and localizes to the mitochondria. Inducible knock‐down of PfOPA3 using GlmS ribozyme hindered the normal intraerythrocytic cycle of the parasites; specifically, PfOPA3‐iKD disrupted parasite development as well as parasite division and segregation at schizont stages, which resulted in a drastic reduction in the number of merozoites progenies. Parasites lacking PfOPA3 show severe defects in the development of functional mitochondria; the mitochondria showed reduced activity of mtETC but not ATP synthesis, as evidenced by reduced activity of complex III of the mtETC, and increased sensitivity for drugs targeting DHODH as well as complex III, but not to the drugs targeting complex V. Further, PfOPA3 downregulation leads to reduction in the level of mitochondrial proton transport uncoupling protein (PfUCP) to compensate reduced activity of complex III and maintain proton efflux across the inner membrane. The reduced activity of DHODH, which is responsible for pyrimidine biosynthesis required for nuclear DNA synthesis, resulted in a significant reduction in parasite nuclear division and generation of progeny. In conclusion, we show that PfOPA3 is essential for the functioning of mtETC and homeostasis required for the development of functional mitochondria as well as for parasite segregation, and thus PfOPA3 is crucial for parasite survival during blood stages.
Schwannomatosis: a Realm Reborn: year one
Authors: Planet Martin , Kalamarides Michel , Peyre Matthieu 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
In 2022, an international consensus recommendation revised the nomenclature for neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and Schwannomatosis (SWN), now grouped under the umbrella term Schwannomatosis, and defined new diagnostic criteria.

Recent findings
This review describes the molecular criteria for diagnosis of schwannomatosis and the subsequent diagnosis strategy, while setting out the most recent advances in our understanding of the natural history, pathology, molecular biology and treatment of schwannomatosis-associated tumors, including schwannomas, meningiomas and ependymomas.

Summary
Somatic mutation screening should become a new standard for the diagnosis of NF2-, LTZTR1-, SMARCB1- and 22q-schwannomatosis to discriminate those conditions. Constitutional events in NF2-Schwannomatosis have a major influence on disease severity and justifiably motivate ongoing efforts on gene replacement therapy research. On the other hand, underlying mechanisms of disease severity and associated pain remain largely unknown in non-NF2-SWN and independent of germline mutation. Research efforts therefore focus on pain relief in ongoing trials and the discovery of new molecular mechanisms underlying schwannoma tumorigenesis/pain/neuropathies.
Promises of oncolytic viral therapy for adult and children with brain glioma
Authors: Patiño-García Ana , Alonso Marta M. , Gállego Pérez-Larraya Jaime 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to give an overview of early clinical studies addressing the safety and efficacy of oncolytic immunovirotherapy in adults and children with brain gliomas, and to highlight the extensive potential for the development of this therapeutic alternative.

Recent findings
The lack of curative treatments and poor prognosis of high-grade glioma patients warrants research on innovative therapeutic alternatives such as oncolytic immunovirotherapy. Engineered modified oncolytic viruses exert both a direct lytic effect on tumor cells and a specific antitumor immune response. Early clinical trials of different DNA and RNA oncolytic viruses, mainly Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 and adenovirus based platforms, have consistently demonstrated an acceptable safety profile, hints of efficacy and the potential of this therapy to reshape the tumor microenvironment in both adult and pediatric patients with glioma, thus constituting the basis for the development of more advanced clinical trials.

Summary
The future landscape of oncolytic immunovirotherapy is still plenty of challenges and opportunities to enable its full therapeutic potential in both adult and children with brain gliomas.
Building Sustainable Reconstructive Microsurgery in Countries with Limited Resources: The Rwandan Experience
Authors: Shyaka Ian , Nezerwa Yves , Mukagaju Francoise , Dang Rushil R. , Furaha Charles , Ntirenganya Faustin 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Reconstructive microsurgery practice has been well adopted in developed countries, but this has not been the same in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Injuries related to road traffic accidents are highest in these countries, with 93% of the world's fatalities on the roads occurring in LMICs. The objective of this study was to highlight the need for sustainable microsurgery in LMICs and share strategies undertaken in Rwanda.

Methods:
We review the contemporary literature about the needs and challenges facing reconstructive microsurgery in LMICs. We describe the strategies undertaken in Rwanda towards developing microsurgery. We also report the outcomes of the first ever microsurgery visiting professorship organized in the country and the steps taken towards achieving sustainable microsurgery practice in Rwanda.

Results:
There is a huge unmet need for reconstructive microsurgery in LMICs. Most of the microsurgical operations in these countries are done in short term surgical mission setups. No data focusing on sustaining reconstructive microsurgery in LMICs has been described in the contemporary literature. There is a 2.5-fold increase in the number of trained plastic surgeons in Rwanda over the past 5 years, with increasing skills in microsurgery and opportunities for formal overseas fellowships.

Conclusion:
With dedicated local champions, a comprehensive approach, and reliable partners, establishing sustainable microsurgery services is possible in countries with limited resources. In our experience, the fly-in-fly-out microsurgical missions aimed at mainly providing surgical care to patients seem to have a limited long-term impact and sustainability. We recommend integrating these missions into planned microsurgical initiatives of pre-existing local plastic surgery training programs.
A Novel Method to Determine Patient Skin Type: The Skin Analyzer
Authors: Mohamed Youssef , Koussayer Bilal , Randolph Ellie M. , West William , Morris Julia A. , Le Nicole K. , Whalen Kristen , Gemayel Kristina , Al Bayati Mahmood J. , Troy Jared , Laun Jake 
Published: October 2023

Summary:
Measuring skin color for medical research in an objective and nonbiased manner usually requires expensive equipment such as spectrophotometry and requires the subject to be present in person. We present a novel method to measure skin color from photographs using the Skin Analyzer application as a more effective, accessible, and efficient alternative. A desktop application, the Skin Analyzer, was developed to convert skin samples collected from digital images to the L*a*b color space and uses those values to calculate an individual typology angle that correlates to a Fitzpatrick skin type. To assess accuracy in variable lighting, six known colors representing the six Fitzpatrick skin types were printed and photographed in 15 separate locations within the hospital. To account for user variability in sample selection, interrater reliability was calculated with data generated by 13 untrained users testing the app on six subjects. The accuracy of measuring known values, which is the classification accuracy, was calculated to be 80%. Krippendorff alpha test was used to evaluate interrater reliability. The obtained alpha of 0.84 indicates a high interrater reliability. The high accuracy and reliability make the Skin Analyzer a suitable method of objectively determining Fitzpatrick skin type from images. The app may be used to investigate the effects of skin tone in various areas of interest, especially in retrospective studies where skin colorimeters cannot be used.