bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocidal polyester
Authors: Lin Jian , Winkelmann Catherine , Worley S. D. , Kim Jangho , Wei C‐I. , Cho Unchin , Broughton R. M. , Santiago J. I. , Williams J. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolyester fabrics were modified by covalently linking heterocyclic moieties, which could be halogenated, to the surfaces of the polyester fibers. Antimicrobial activity was introduced into the fabrics and fibers by exposure to a source of oxidative chlorine (chlorine bleach) that converted the heterocyclic precursor moieties into N‐chloramine functionalities. The antimicrobial activity could be repeatedly regenerated following its loss on challenge with suspensions of bacteria by further washing with aqueous oxidative chlorine. Biocidal polyester fabrics, fibers, and other materials potentially will be effective in reducing, or eliminating entirely, pathogenic microorganisms and odor‐causing micro‐organisms which directly contact them. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 177–182, 2002
Extruded continuous filament nonwovens: Advances in scientific aspects
Authors: Bhat Gajanan S. , Malkan Sanjiv R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractContinous filament nonwovens are fabrics produced by the direct lay processes, wherein webs are made directly from fibers as they are being spun from molten plastics. These processes eliminate intermediate steps in the production of fabrics, and they provide opportunities for increasing production and cost reduction, although the flexibility in product ranges might be limited. The two important processes in this category are spunbonding and meltblowing. In spunbonding, the fabrics are produced by depositing extruded spun filaments onto a collecting belt followed by bonding of the fibers. There are several process variables that have an impact on the structure and properties of the fibers, and consequently on the structure and properties of the bonded fabric. Although there has been a significant technological advance, the scientific understanding of the process has been limited. Effects of some of these variables have been investigated over the past few years. There has also been some effort to simulate the process by mathematical modeling. A summary of the advances in understanding the evolution of structure and properties during filament formation and thermal bonding is discussed in this paper. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 572–585, 2002
Cardiopulmonary malformations in the inv/inv mouse
Authors: McQuinn Tim C. , Miga Daniel E. , Mjaatvedt Corey H. , Phelps Aimee L. , Wessels Andy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe inv/inv mouse carries an insertional mutation in the inversin gene, (inv, for inversion of embryonic turning). Previously it had been reported that almost 100% of the homozygous offspring (inv/inv) were characterized by situs inversus totalis. In this report we identify the spectrum of cardiopulmonary anatomical abnormalities in inv/inv mice surviving to birth to determine whether the abnormalities seen are of the categories classically associated with human situs abnormalities. Stillborn mice, offspring that died unexpectedly (within 48 hr after birth), and neonates with phenotypic characteristics of situs inversus (right‐sided stomachs, growth failure or jaundice) were processed for standard histological examination. Of 173 offspring, 34 (20%) neonates (11 stillborn, 9 unexpected deaths, and 14 mice with situs inversus phenotype) were examined, 27 of which were genotyped to be inv/inv. Interestingly, three inv/inv mice (11%) were found to have situs solitus. Twenty‐four had situs inversus with normal, mirror‐image cardiac anatomy (dextrocardia with atrioventricular concordance, ventriculoarterial concordance and a right aortic arch). The overall incidence of cardiovascular anomalies observed was 10 out of 27 (37%). The most frequent severe malformation, identified in 3 out of 27 animals, was a complex consisting of pulmonary infundibular stenosis/atresia with absence of pulmonary valve tissue and a ventricular septal defect. The pulmonary phenotype in inv/inv mice was situs inversus with occasional minor lobar abnormalities. We conclude that 1) cardiopulmonary malformations in inv/inv mice are not rare (37%), 2) the cardiopulmonary malformations observed in inv/inv specimens are not of the spectrum typically associated with human heterotaxia. In particular, inv/inv mice have a propensity for defects in the development of the right ventricular outflow tract and the interventricular septum, and 3) approximately one out of ten inv/inv mice is born with situs solitus and shows cardiac anomalies that correspond to those observed in inv/inv specimens with situs inversus. Our data therefore suggest that inversin, the product of the inv locus, may have specific roles in cardiac morphogenesis independent of its role in situs determination. Anat Rec 263:62–71, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The spatiotemporal relationship among schwann cells, axons and postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor regions during muscle reinnervation in aged rats
Authors: Kawabuchi Masaru , Zhou Chong Jian , Wang Songyan , Nakamura Keiichoro , Liu Wen Ting , Hirata Kazuho 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo morphologically define the aging‐related features during muscle reinnervation the spatiotemporal relationships among the major components of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were investigated. A total of 64 rats, 30 adults (4 months old) and 34 aged adults (24 months old), were used. Between 1 and 12 weeks after sciatic nerve‐crushing injury, cryosections of skeletal muscle were single or double labeled for S100, a marker of Schwann cells (SCs), for protein gene product 9.5, a neuronal marker, and for α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BT), a marker of the acetylcholine receptor site (AChR site), and then observed by confocal laser microscopy. The most obvious age changes were noted: (1) the regenerating SCs and axons were delayed in their arrival at the NMJ, (2) the dimensions of terminal SCs and AChR sites displayed a drastic and long‐lasting drop (for terminal SCs, during 1–8 weeks; for AChR sites, during 1–12 weeks); (3) the degree of spatial overlap between AChR sites and terminal SCs was markedly low until 8 weeks post‐crush; (4) damage and poor formation in the SCs, terminal axons and AChR sites, together with poor process extension from the terminal SC or terminal axon, were pronounced; (5) persistent aberrant changes, such as multiple innervation and terminal axon sprouting, together with poorly formed collateral innervation, nerve bundles, and NMJs, more frequently occurred in the later reinnervation period. Thus, with aging, regeneration is impaired during the period in which regenerating SC strands and axons extend into NMJs and the subsequent establishment of nerve‐muscle contact is in progress. A complex set of morphological abnormalities between or among the TSCs, terminal axons, and AChR sites may be important in slowing of regeneration and reinnervation in aged motor endplates. Anat Rec 264:183–202, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nadine Dobrovolskaïa‐Zavadskaïa and the dawn of developmental genetics
Authors: Korzh Vladimir , Grunwald David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn one of the first genetic screens aimed at identifying induced developmental mutants, Nadine Dobrovolskaïa‐Zavadskaïa, working at the Pasteur Laboratory in the 1920s, isolated and characterized a mutation affecting Brachyury, a gene that regulates tail and axial development in the mouse. Dobrovolskaïa‐Zavadskaïa's analysis of Brachyury and other mutations affecting tail development were among the earliest attempts to link gene action with a tissue‐specific developmental process in a vertebrate. Her analyses of genes that interacted with Brachyury led to the discovery of the t‐haplotype chromosome of mouse. After 70 years, Brachyury and the multiple genes with which it interacts continue to occupy a prominent focus in developmental biology research. A goal of this review is to identify the contributions that Dobrovolskaïa‐Zavadskaïa made to our current thinking about Brachyury and how she helped to shape the dawn of the field of developmental genetics. BioEssays 23:365–371, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collective vibrational modes in biological molecules investigated by terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy
Authors: Walther M. , Plochocka P. , Fischer B. , Helm H. , Uhd Jepsen P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present well‐resolved absorption spectra of biological molecules in the far‐IR (FIR) spectral region recorded by terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS). As an illustrative example we discuss the absorption spectra of benzoic acid, its monosubstitutes salicylic acid (2‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid), 3‐ and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in the spectral region between 18 and 150 cm−1. The spectra exhibit distinct features originating from low‐frequency vibrational modes caused by intra‐ or intermolecular collective motion and lattice modes. Due to the collective origin of the observed modes the absorption spectra are highly sensitive to the overall structure and configuration of the molecules, as well as their environment. The THz‐TDS procedure can provide a direct fingerprint of the molecular structure or conformational state of a compound. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 310–313, 2002
Aerobic glucose metabolism of Saccharomyces kluyveri: Growth, metabolite production, and quantification of metabolic fluxes
Authors: Møller Kasper , Christensen Bjarke , Förster Jochen , Piškur Jure , Nielsen Jens , Olsson Lisbeth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe growth and product formation of Saccharomyces kluyveri was characterized in aerobic batch cultivation on glucose. At these conditions it was found that ethyl acetate was a major overflow metabolite in S. kluyveri. During the exponential‐growth phase on glucose ethyl acetate was produced at a constant specific rate of 0.12 g ethyl acetate per g dry weight per hour. The aerobic glucose metabolism in S. kluyveri was found to be less fermentative than in S. cerevisiae, as illustrated by the comparably low yield of ethanol on glucose (0.08 ± 0.02 g/g), and high yield of biomass on glucose (0.29 ± 0.01 g/g). The glucose metabolism of S. kluyveri was further characterized by the new and powerful techniques of metabolic network analysis. Flux distributions in the central carbon metabolism were estimated for respiro‐fermentative growth in aerobic batch cultivation on glucose and respiratory growth in aerobic glucose‐limited continuous cultivation. It was found that in S. kluyveri the flux into the pentose phosphate pathway was 18.8 mmole per 100 mmole glucose consumed during respiratory growth in aerobic glucose‐limited continuous cultivation. Such a low flux into the pentose phosphate pathway cannot provide the cell with enough NADPH for biomass formation which is why the remaining NADPH will have to be provided by another pathway. During batch cultivation of S. kluyveri the tricarboxylic acid cycle was working as a cycle with a considerable flux, that is in sharp contrast to what has previously been observed in S. cerevisiae at the same growth conditions, where the tricarboxylic acid cycle operates as two branches. This indicates that the respiratory system was not significantly repressed in S. kluyveri during batch cultivation on glucose. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 186–193, 2002.
Psychological tests used in child custody evaluations
Authors: Quinnell Francella A. , Bow James N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractControversy has long surrounded the use of psychological testing in child custody evaluations. The present study explored the current status of psychological testing in these evaluations using a national survey of 198 psychologists. Findings revealed that participants viewed testing as one source among many for data collection, neither under‐ nor over‐valuing its importance. Results also indicated that participants were more discriminating in their test selection, with a greater focus on objective assessment, particularly in the use of parent inventories and rating scales. These findings tend to negate much of the past criticism and reflect closer adherence to APA guidelines. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment theory and child abuse: an overview of the literature for practitioners
Authors: Bacon Heather , Richardson Sue 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis review shares the ‘literature path’ we followed in developing our ideas about how attachment theory can inform clinical work with abused children and adults. A short outline of the early work in the field is followed by a description of research that is relevant to clinical work with children and families in the field of child abuse and child protection. We then focus on those concepts and findings from research we have found most relevant to our own work with victims of child sexual abuse, their parents and carers, and with adult survivors. In our experience, a parallel theme is the effect of working in this field on professionals' own attachment systems, and the necessity to be aware of the interplay between the individual professional's response, the role of the organization and the ability to make useful clinical interventions. This review therefore includes some material about professional attachment systems and caregiving. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe delayed thrombocytopenia associated with abciximab (ReoPro) therapy
Authors: Reddy Mohan S. , Carmody Thomas James , Kereiakes Dean J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAcute thrombocytopenia associated with abciximab therapy has been well described, although the exact mechanism remains obscure. We report a case of delayed severe thrombocytopenia associated with abciximab therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention that occurred following hospital discharge. The detection of this phenomenon is important as it may portend heightened risk for severe or profound thrombocytopenia on subsequent reexposure to abciximab therapy. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:486–488. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of a saphenous vein graft to right ventricle fistula with a PTFE‐covered stent: A case report
Authors: Smith Robert W. , Schussler Jeffrey M. , Anwar Azam , Donsky Michael S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis report demonstrates the use of a covered stent for the correction of a fistula from a saphenous vein graft to the right ventricle. The use of this stent resulted in complete obliteration of the fistulous tract and restoration of flow into the sequential limb of the graft. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:531–532. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of skin self‐examination performance
Authors: Robinson June K. , Fisher Susan G. , Turrisi Robert J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSkin self‐examination (SSE) may reduce the death rate from melanoma by as much as 63%. Enhancing SSE performance may reduce mortality and morbidity. This study determined predictors of SSE performance in a population of individuals who were at risk of developing melanoma or nonmelanoma skin carcinoma (NMSC).METHODSPatients (n = 200) were asked about their knowledge of the warning signs, their sense of the importance of SSE to them, their attitude about and confidence in their ability to perform SSE, and their impression of their partner's comfort and ability with assisting in the skin examination. The interval since last skin examination, the number of physician visits (nondermatologist and dermatologist), the number and type of skin malignancies, the time since initial diagnosis, the number of skin biopsies, and health insurance status were determined from the medical records for the prior 3 years.RESULTSSeventy percent of participants performed SSE. The three strongest predictors of SSE performance were attitude, having dermatology visits with skin biopsies and at least one skin carcinoma in the previous 3 years, and confidence in performance (P = 0.0001). Other predictors of SSE performance were perceived risk (P = 0.0001), knowledge (P = 0.004), and younger age (P = 0.045).CONCLUSIONSAnnual skin examination by physicians and monthly SSE by patients reinforce one another in promoting early detection. In this high‐risk population, the dermatologist reinforced SSE performance by biopsy of skin lesions that were skin malignancies. People have intimate knowledge of their own skin and bear the consequences for failure to detect and treat skin carcinoma early; thus, monthly SSE becomes relevant as a personal health‐promotion habit. Cancer 2002;95:135–46. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10637
Expression of basal lamina protein mRNAs in the early embryonic chick eye
Authors: Dong Sucai , Landfair Jeffry , Balasubramani Manimalha , Bier Mark E. , Cole Greg , Halfter Willi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLaminin, collagen IV, collagen XVIII, agrin, and nidogen are major protein constituents of the chick retinal basal lamina. To determine their sites of synthesis during de novo basal lamina assembly in vivo, we localized their mRNA expression in the eye during maximum expansion of the retina between embryonic day (E) 2.5 and E6. Our in situ hybridization studies showed that the expression pattern of every basal lamina protein mRNA in the developing eye is unique. Collagen IV and perlecan originate predominantly from the lens epithelium, whereas collagen XVIII, nidogen, and the laminin gamma 1 and β1 chains are synthesized mainly by the ciliary body. Agrin, collagen XVIII, collagen IV, and laminin gamma 1 also originate from cells of the optic disc. The only basal lamina protein that is synthesized by the neural retina throughout development is agrin with ganglion cells as its main source. Some of the mRNAs have short, transient expressions in the retina, most notably that of collagen IV and laminin gamma 1, both of which appear in the ventral retina between E4 and E5. That most retinal basal lamina proteins originate from extraretinal tissues infers that the basal lamina proteins have to be shed from the lens, optic disc, and ciliary body into the vitreous body. The assembly of the retinal basal lamina then occurs by the binding of these proteins by cellular receptor proteins on the vitreal endfeet of the retinal neuroepithelial cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:261–273, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor‐responsive and neurotrophin‐3‐responsive neurons require the cytoskeletal linker protein dystonin for postnatal survival
Authors: Carlsten Julie A. , Kothary Rashmi , Wright Douglas E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have investigated the fate of different neurotrophin‐responsive subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion neurons in dystonia musculorum (dt) mice. These mice have a null mutation in the cytoskeletal linker protein, dystonin. Dystonin is expressed by all sensory neurons and cross links actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. The dt mice undergo massive sensory neurodegeneration postnatally and die at around 4 weeks of age. We assessed the surviving and degenerating neuronal populations by comparing the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and central and peripheral projections in dt mice and wildtype mice. Large, neurofilament‐H‐positive neurons, many of which are muscle afferents and are neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3)‐responsive, were severely decreased in number in dt DRGs. The loss of muscle afferents was correlated with a degeneration of muscle spindles in skeletal muscle. Nerve growth factor (NGF)‐responsive populations, which were visualized using calcitonin gene‐related peptide and p75, appeared qualitatively normal in the lumbar spinal cord, DRG, and hindlimb skin. In contrast, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)‐responsive populations, which were visualized using the isolectin B‐4 and thiamine monophosphatase, were severely diminished in the lumbar spinal cord, DRG, and hindlimb skin. Analysis of NT‐3, NGF, and GDNF mRNA levels using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction revealed normal trophin synthesis in the peripheral targets of dt mice, arguing against decreased trophic synthesis as a possible cause of neuronal degeneration. Thus, the absence of dystonin results in the selective survival of NGF‐responsive neurons and the postnatal degeneration of many NT‐3‐ and GDNF‐responsive neurons. Our results reveal that the loss of this ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal linker has diverse effects on sensory subpopulations. Moreover, we show that dystonin is critical for the maintenance of certain DRG neurons, and its function may be related to neurotrophic support. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:155–168, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light and electron microscopic study of the distribution of substance P‐immunoreactive fibers and neurokinin‐1 receptors in the skin of the rat lower lip
Authors: Ruocco Isabella , Cuello A. Claudio , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Ribeiro‐da‐Silva Alfredo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCutaneous antidromic vasodilatation and plasma extravasation, two phenomena that occur in neurogenic inflammation, are partially blocked by substance P (SP) receptor antagonists and are known to be mediated in part by mast cell‐released substances, such as histamine, serotonin, and nitric oxide. In an attempt to provide a morphological substrate for the above phenomena, we applied light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to investigate the pattern of SP innervation of blood vessels and its relationship to mast cells in the skin of the rat lower lip. Furthermore, we examined the distribution of SP (neurokinin‐1) receptors and their relationship to SP‐immunoreactive (IR) fibers. Our results confirmed that SP‐IR fibers are found in cutaneous nerves and that terminal branches are observed around blood vessels and penetrating the epidermis. SP‐IR fibers also innervated hair follicles and sebaceous glands. At the ultrastructural level, SP‐IR varicosities were observed adjacent to arterioles, capillaries, venules, and mast cells. The varicosities possessed both dense core vesicles and agranular synaptic vesicles. We quantified the distance between SP‐IR varicosities and blood vessel endothelial cells. SP‐IR terminals were located within 0.23–5.99 μm from the endothelial cell layer in 82.7% of arterioles, in 90.2% of capillaries, and in 86.9% of venules. Although there was a trend for SP‐IR fibers to be located closer to the endothelium of venules, this difference was not significant. Neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1r) immunoreactivity was most abundant in the upper dermis and was associated with the wall of blood vessels. NK‐1r were located in equal amounts on the walls of arterioles, capillaries, and venules that were innervated by SP‐IR fibers. The present results favor the concept of a participation of SP in cutaneous neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma extravasation both by an action on blood vessels after binding to the NK‐1r and by causing the release of substances from mast cells after diffusion through the connective tissue. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:466–480, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.