bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Green Purchase Behaviour of Consumers in Ernakulam District, Kerala
Authors: Aswathy K. K.  , Ushadevi K. N.  
Published: January 2024

Aims: The study aimed to identify the determinants of green purchase behaviour of consumers.
Methodology: Primary data were collected from the consumers (200) who use at least one green product with an eco-label in Ernakulam District. A purposive sampling was employed to select 100 consumers both from Kochi Corporation area and Mulanthuruthy panchayath of Ernakulam district of Kerala, during the month of august and september 2023. Secondary data were collected from websites, government reports, and publications.
Results: The factor analysis revealed that respondents in grama panchayat influenced by three factors like eco consumer insight, concern towards nature and green product value perspective. Whereas the factors like concern towards nature, government intervention, green product value perceptive and green promotion were acting as the major determinants of green purchase behaviour in the corporation area. The overall response of green consumers in Ernakulam district highlighted, three main factors that influence their purchase decision such as eco consumer insight, concern towards nature, and green product value perspective.
Conclusion: The marketers and policymakers need to consider the factors like eco consumer insight, concern towards nature, green product value perspective, green promotion for popularising and increasing the sale of green products.
The Diagnostic Significance of the Holter Monitoring in the Evaluation of Palpitation at Tanta University Hospitals
Authors: Ata Saad Wageh Abo EL , Masry Magdy Mohamed EL , Shedoudy Sahr Abd Allah EL , Nassar Mohamed Bayoumi 
Published: January 2024

Background: Palpitations are the second-most common cause of primary healthcare referrals to cardiologists and are linked to long-term morbidity. Despite the absence of a significant underlying cause, a considerable number of patients report fear and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to assess individuals who were evaluated for palpitation in order to ascertain the diagnostic yield of 24 or 48 hours of Holter monitoring.
Methods: 105 participants participated in this prospective observational cross-sectional research, children and adults, with palpitations, dizziness and syncope, with Holter monitoring 24 or 48 hours. Every patient had a thorough medical history, clinical evaluation, and physical assessment, Resting Electrocardiography (ECG), Transthoracic Echocardiography, and Holter monitoring. Patients were further subdivided into two groups: Positive Holter group and Negative Holter group.
Results: Symptoms among positive Holter response showed that 48.6% had palpitations, 34.2% had dizziness and 13.3% had syncope. Higher age, increased frequency of danger factors (Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy), symptoms (Palpitations, Dizziness, Syncope), Premature ventricular contractions and lower Ejection fraction was observed in patients with positive Holter response compared to patients with negative Holter response. There was no significant association with sex, smoking, Atrial fibrillation, regular sinus rhythm, and premature atrial contractions (P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions: Holter Monitoring retains its value, despite the appearance of new investigations and considered the first line for assessment of palpitations as it is widespread and not expensive. It has a good outcome if the patient’s symptoms are suggestive for arrhythmia, syncope and dizziness.
The Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to N‐(Diphenylphosphinoyl) Imines Catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2‐Chiral N‐(Binaphthyl‐2‐yl)thiophosphoramide Ligands
Authors: Shi Min , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: August 2003

AbstractChiral N‐(binaphthyl‐2‐yl)thiophosphoramide L7 [O,O‐diethyl 2′‐(ethylamino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2‐ylamidothiophosphate] prepared from the reaction of diethyl chlorothiophosphate with (R)‐(+)‐N‐ethyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine was used as a catalytic chiral ligand in the first Cu(OTf)2‐promoted catalytic asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to N‐(diphenylphosphinoyl) imines in which ~85% ee can be realized.
Molecular Basis for the Enantioselective Ring Opening of β‐Lactams Catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B
Authors: Park Seongsoon , Forró Enikö , Grewal Harjap , Fülöp Ferenc , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL‐B) catalyzes the slow, but highly enantioselective (E>200), ring‐opening alcoholysis of two bicyclic and two 4‐aryl‐substituted β‐lactams. Surprisingly, the rate of the reaction varies with the nature of the alcohols and was fastest with either enantiomer of 2‐octanol. A 0.5‐g scale reaction with 2‐octanol as the nucleophile in diisopropyl ether at 60 °C yielded the unreacted β‐lactam in 39–46% yield (maximum yield is 50%) with ≥96% ee. The product β‐amino acid esters reacted further by polymerization (not isolated or characterized) or by hydrolysis due to small amounts of water in the reaction mixture yielding β‐amino acids (7–11% yield, ≥96% ee). The favored enantiomer of all four β‐lactams had similar 3‐D orientation of substituents, as did most previously reported β‐lactams and β‐lactones in similar ring‐opening reactions. Computer modeling of the ring opening of 4‐phenylazetidin‐2‐one suggests that the reaction proceeds via an unusual substrate‐assisted transition state, where the substrate alcohol bridges between the catalytic histidine and the nitrogen of the β‐lactam. Computer modeling also suggested that the molecular basis for the high enantioselectivity is a severe steric clash between Ile189 in CAL‐B and the phenyl substituent on the slow‐reacting enantiomer of the β‐lactam.
Endo‐ und Exotemplate zur Erzeugung von anorganischen Materialien mit großer spezifischer Oberfläche
Authors: Schüth Ferdi 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPoröse Materialien und Materialien mit großer Oberfläche sind in vielen wissenschaftlichen Bereichen von Interesse. Templatverfahren können genutzt werden, um solche Materialien unter Steuerung ihrer Struktur‐ und Textureigenschaften zu synthetisieren, wobei molekulare oder supramolekulare Einheiten als Template der Synthesemischung hinzugefügt werden. Sie werden in einem wachsenden Festkörper eingeschlossen und hinterlassen nach ihrer Entfernung ein Porensystem. Für solche Template wird der Begriff “Endotemplat” eingeführt. Alternativ können porenhaltige Gerüstmaterialien eingesetzt werden, innerhalb derer ein Feststoff synthetisiert wird. Nach Entfernung des Gerüsts verbleibt je nach Verknüpfung der Poren im Templat entweder ein poröser oder feinteiliger Feststoff. Solche Template werden als “Exotemplate” bezeichnet. Durch geeignete Wahl des Templatverfahrens gelang es in den letzten Jahren, die Steuerung von Struktur und Textur auf der Größenskala zwischen Nanometern und Mikrometern zu optimieren.
Study on the properties of crosslinking of poly(ethylene oxide) and hydroxyapatite–poly(ethylene oxide) composite
Authors: Banat R. , Tinçer T. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis study covers the crosslinking of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and its composite with calcium hydroxyapatite (HA), their mechanical and swelling properties, and morphology. Sheets of the composites of PEO (two different grades with Mv: 5 × 106 and 2 × 105) and HA and neat PEO were prepared by compression molding. The prepared composite and PEO (0.1‐mm‐thick) sheets were crosslinked with exposure of UV‐irradiation in the presence of a photoinitiator, acetophenone (AP). This simple method for crosslinking, induced by UV‐irradiation in the presence of AP, yielded PEO with gel content up to 90%. Gel content, equilibrium swelling ratio, and mechanical and morphological properties of the low molecular weight polyethylene oxide (LMPEO)–HA crosslinked and uncrosslinked composites were evaluated. Although the inclusion of HA into LMPEO inhibits the extent of crosslinking, the LMPEO–HA composite with 20% HA by weight shows the highest gel content, with appreciable equilibrium swelling and mechanical strength. The growth of HA in simulated body fluid solutions on fractured surfaces of LMPEO and also LMPEO–HA was found to be very favorable within short times. The dimensional stability of these samples was found to be satisfactory after swelling and deposition experiments. The good compatibility between the filler hydroxyapatite and poly(ethylene oxide) makes this composite a useful tissue‐adhesive material. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 488–496, 2003
Influence of structural parameters on the degradation of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight vinyl‐type network‐polymer precursors during elution through size exclusion chromatography columns
Authors: Ikeda Jun‐Ichi , Oe Hiroaki , Aota Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Akira 
Published: August 2003

AbstractNetwork‐polymer precursors obtained in various crosslinking monovinyl/divinyl copolymerization systems, including benzyl methacrylate/1,6‐hexanediol dimethacrylate, benzyl acrylate (BzA)/1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), and vinyl benzoate/divinyl adipate, were subjected to degradation during elution through size exclusion chromatography (SEC) columns, although the copolymerizations were conducted under specified conditions where the factors for the greatly delayed gelation from the Flory–Stockmayer gelation theory were reduced. The most remarkable degradation was observed for the BzA/HDDA copolymerization, which provided prepolymers with the most flexible backbone chains. Thus, the BzA/HDDA precopolymers were chosen, and their degradation behavior during elution through SEC columns was explored in detail as one of the representatives of vinyl‐type network‐polymer precursors. The results were correlated with the structural parameters of network‐polymer precursors, including primary polymer chain length, branched structure, and multiple crosslink or network structure. The degradation became more remarkable with decreased primary polymer chain length, that is, the increment of branching, whereas reduced degradation was observed with the incorporation of loop and network structures into the prepolymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 577–582, 2003
Performance measurement framework for hierarchical text classification
Authors: Sun Aixin , Lim Ee‐Peng , Ng Wee‐Keong 
Published: August 2003

AbstractHierarchical text classification or simply hierarchical classification refers to assigning a document to one or more suitable categories from a hierarchical category space. In our literature survey, we have found that the existing hierarchical classification experiments used a variety of measures to evaluate performance. These performance measures often assume independence between categories and do not consider documents misclassified into categories that are similar or not far from the correct categories in the category tree. In this paper, we therefore propose new performance measures for hierarchical classification. The proposed performance measures consist of category similarity measures and distance‐based measures that consider the contributions of misclassified documents. Our experiments on hierarchical classification methods based on SVM classifiers and binary Naïve Bayes classifiers showed that SVM classifiers perform better than Naïve Bayes classifiers on Reuters‐21578 collection according to the extended measures. A new classifier‐centric measure called blocking measure is also defined to examine the performance of subtree classifiers in a top‐down level‐based hierarchical classification method.
Reversible Anion Exchanges between the Layered Organic–Inorganic Hybridized Architectures: Syntheses and Structures of Manganese(II) and Copper(II) Complexes Containing Novel Tripodal Ligands
Authors: Fan Jian , Gan Lu , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki , Sun Wei‐Yin , Yu Kai‐Bei , Tang Wen‐Xia 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSix noninterpenetrating organic–inorganic hybridized coordination complexes, [Mn(3)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2⋅2 H2O (5), [Mn(3)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 (6), [Mn(3)2(N3)2]⋅2 H2O (7), [Cu(3)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (8), [Mn(4)2(H2O)(SO4)]⋅CH3OH⋅5 H2O (9) and [Mn(4)2](ClO4)2 (10) were obtained through self‐assembly of novel tripodal ligands, 1,3,5‐tris(1‐imidazolyl)benzene (3) and 1,3‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)‐5‐(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene (4) with the corresponding metal salts, respectively. Their structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The results of structural analysis of complexes 5, 6, 7, and 8 with rigid ligand 3 indicate that their structures are mainly dependant on the nature of the organic ligand and geometric need of the metal ions, but not influenced greatly by the anions and metal ions. While in complexes 9 and 10, which contain the flexible ligand 4, the counteranion plays an important role in the formation of the frameworks. Entirely different structures of complexes 5 and 10 indicate that the organic ligands greatly affect the structures of assemblies. Furthermore, in complexes 5 and 6, the counteranions located between the cationic layers can be exchanged by other anions. Reversible anion exchanges between complexes 5 and 6 without destruction of the frameworks demonstrate that 5 and 6 can act as cationic layered materials for anion exchange, as determined by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and X‐ray powder diffraction.
Cyclization Triggered by Deprotonation: The Gas‐Phase Acidity of 1,8‐Chalcogen‐Bridged Naphthalenes
Authors: Sanz Pablo , Yáñez Manuel , Mó Otilia 
Published: August 2003

AbstractHigh‐level density functional theory computations have been used to estimate the gas‐phase (intrinsic) acidities of the complete series of 1,8‐chalcogen‐bridged naphthalene derivatives. The existence of a chalcogenchalcogen bond in chalcogen‐bridged naphthalene derivatives plays a crucial role in the intrinsic acidity of the system. For 1,8‐naphthalenediylbis(oxy), where this bond does not exist, theparaCH group is the most acidic site, whereas for the remaining compounds, deprotonation of theorthoCH groups is the most favorable process. Deprotonation of the aromatic rings has a large effect on the strength of the bonds of the five‐membered ring. These effects depend on the nature of the heteroatoms forming the XY bridge, and modulate the acidity of the molecule. Also importantly, when one of the heteroatoms is oxygen,orthoandparadeprotonation lead to cleavage of the XY bridge. This bond fission favors the formation of a CYC (Y=S, Se, Te) three‐membered ring that enhances the stability of the anion and, therefore, increases the acidity of these compounds. We have shown that, whereas this cyclization process is energetically favorable for oxygen‐containing compounds, it is not favorable for the remaining derivatives.
Molecular modeling of various peptide sequences of gliadins and low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits
Authors: Yaşar Fatih , Çelik Süeda , Köksel Hamit 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe contribution of the three‐dimensional structures of one heptapeptide (PQPQPFP) sequence and one pentapeptide (PQQPY) repeat sequence of α/β‐gliadins, one heptapeptide (PQQPFPQ) repeat sequence of γ‐gliadins, two heptapeptide (PQQPPFS and QQQQPVL) repeat motifs of low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) subunits and a tetrapeptide sequence in polyQ region of S‐rich prolamins to their conformations are investigated by using the recently developed multicanonical simulation procedure. Ramachandran plots were prepared and analysed to predict the relative occurrence probabilities of β‐turn, γ‐turn, and helical structures. The probability of inverse γ‐turn was generally higher than that of β‐turns in all sequences investigated. Occurrence probability of helical structure in the repetitive domain of gliadins was low. Structural predictions of QQQQPVL sequence of LMW‐glutenin subunits and QQQQ sequence in the polyQ region of S‐rich prolamins indicate the presence of helical structures with the probability of > 20%. The probability of helical structure significantly decreased around 100°C.
Aren't there two parties in an employment relationship? Antecedents and consequences of organization–employee agreement on contract obligations and violations
Authors: Tekleab Amanuel G. , Taylor M. Susan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPast studies have paid little attention to an organization's perspective on reciprocal obligations in the employment relationship, despite its importance to overall satisfaction and the survival of the relationship. This study assesses parties' levels of agreement on the reciprocal obligations of the psychological contract, and their consequences on parties' perceptions of contract violations. Furthermore, the study examines subsequent reactions of both parties to perceived violations. Results indicate that managers and employees tend to disagree on the employee's obligations and violations of the contract but not on the organization's obligations and violations. More importantly, results from multivariate regression analyses indicate that employee tenure with the manager and leader–member exchange (LMX) as reported by the manager were positively related to agreement on employees' obligations. Agreement on employees' obligations was related to perceptions of violation by the manager, but in a direction opposite to that hypothesized. Both managers' perceptions of employee violations and employees' perceptions of organization violations were related to employee outcomes assessed by the managers and the employees. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkane‐ and areneoxodiazonium ions: experimental results leading to an ab initio theoretical investigation
Authors: Eckert‐Maksić Mirjana , Glasovac Zoran , Maskill Howard , Zrinski Irena 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAlkaneoxodiazonium ions (R—NNO)+ and (R—O—N2)+, which are closely analogous to alkanediazonium ions (R—N2)+, were detected as reactive intermediates in acid‐catalysed reactions of nitrosohydroxylamines and deamination‐type reactions. The isomers were compared by high‐level MO investigations of the reactions of nitrous oxide with cationic electrophiles H+, CH3+, Me3C+ and PhCH2+. Strongly bonded species are formed in reactions with the powerfully electrophilic H+ and CH3+, and the resulting ions differ considerably in stabilities; less stable species are formed with Me3C+ and PhCH2+ and the complexes so formed have similar stabilities. Two isomers of Ph(N2O)+, analogous to phenyldiazonium ion, PhN2+, are calculated to be stable ions with the end‐N‐bonded isomer being preferred over the O‐bonded ion at the MP4(SDQ)/6–311G(d,p)//MP2(fc)/6–31G(d,p) and G3 levels of theory. Both are non‐planar with the phenyl ring at 90° to the non‐linear N2O residue. Syntheses of salts of Ar(N2O)+ are now planned. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermolysis of N‐tetramethylpiperidinyl triphenylacetate: homolytic fragmentation of a TEMPO ester
Authors: Henry‐Riyad Huda , Tidwell Thomas T. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThermolysis of N‐tetramethylpiperidinyl triphenylacetate (7, Ph3CCO2T, T=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl) in benzene at 146°C leads to the formation of triphenylmethane (Ph3CH, 80%), tetramethylpiperidine (TH, 91%), and tetraphenylmethane (Ph4C, 9%). First‐order rate constants for the decomposition at 132.8 and 150.0°C were 2.20 × 10−6 and 2.88 × 10−5 s−1, respectively. In benzene‐d6 solvent the triphenylmethane was formed as Ph3CD to the extent of 20%, as determined by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The results are interpreted as showing that Ph3CCO2T undergoes thermolysis by concerted two‐bond scission with formation of Ph3C⋅, tetramethylpiperidinyl radicals and CO2. The formation of Ph4C occurs by addition of Ph3C⋅ to benzene, followed by hydrogen atom abstraction from the resulting adduct. Calculations using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6–311++G** level were used to elucidate the bond fission of HCO2T (2), and indicate that cleavage to HCO2⋅ and T⋅ is favored by 7.8 kcal mol−1 relative to cleavage to HC(•)O and TO⋅, in agreement with the experimental results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Tetracera loureiri
Authors: Kukongviriyapan Veerapol , Janyacharoen Taweesak , Kukongviriyapan Upa , Laupattarakasaem Pisamai , Kanokmedhakul Somdej , Chantaranothai Pranom 
Published: August 2003

AbstractTetracera loureiri is one of the most valued herbs in Thai traditional medicine. In this study, we describe its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. The ethanol extract of T. loureiri possessed potent antioxidant and strong free radical scavenging properties assayed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), respectively. The cytoprotective effects of T. loureiri were demonstrated in ethanolic extracts of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes against the chemical toxicants paracetamol and tertiary‐butylhydroperoxide. The cells pretreated with the extract maintained the GSH/GSSG ratio and suppressed lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner. Pretreating rats with the ethanol extract orally, one hour prior to intraperitoneal injection of toxic doses of paracetamol, signiﬁcantly prevented elevations of plasma ALT and AST. These results suggest that T. loureiri may be of potential therapeutic value in some liver disorders. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiprotozoal activity of the constituents of Teloxys graveolens
Authors: Calzada Fernando , Velázquez Claudia , Cedillo‐Rivera Roberto , Esquivel Baldomero 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAntiprotozoal activity‐guided fractionation of a methanol extract of the aerial parts of Teloxys graveolens led to the isolation of one coumarinic acid derivative, melilotoside, and five flavonoids, pinocembrine, pinostrobin, chrysin, narcissin and rutin. Among them, melilotoside exhibited the most potent activity toward Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia (IC50 12.5 and 16.8 µg/mL, respectively). Narcissin showed selectivity against E. histolytlica (IC50 17.2 µg/mL). The results support data for the traditional use of T. graveolens in some gastrointestinal diseases. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promotion of hair growth by ginseng radix on cultured mouse vibrissal hair follicles
Authors: Matsuda Hideaki , Yamazaki Miho , Asanuma Yusuke , Kubo Michinori 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA 70% methanol extract from red ginseng (steamed and dried roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, a kind of Ginseng Radix) had superior activity to that of white ginseng (peeled and dried root of P. ginseng, another kind of Ginseng Radix) in a hair growth promoting assay using mouse vibrissal follicles in organ culture. Of the major constituents of P. ginseng, ginsenoside‐Rb1 (G‐Rb1) exhibited activity, but ginsenoside‐Rg1 (G‐Rg1) and ‐Ro (G‐Ro) were ineffective. Additionally, 20(S)‐ginsenoside‐Rg3 (20(S)‐G‐Rg3) formed by the processing of red ginseng from the crude root of P. ginseng also showed hair growth promoting activity. These results indicate that Ginseng Radix possesses hair growth promoting activity, and its bioactive components are partially attributable to the ginseng saponin components mentioned above. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.