bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAGSI: A Classification Approach towards Gait Speed Identification
Authors: Chakraborty Amartya , Chattaraj Suvendu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe last few decades have witnessed a remarkable amount of research addressing numerous challenges in the domain of human activity recognition. One popular problem in this domain has been that of gait analysis. A subproblem in this domain is to identify the speed of a mobile object through gait analysis. Apart from clinical diagnostic applications, the detection of the speed of a person is also important in remote health monitoring, tracking of the mentally incompetent, and determining proper ambulatory assistive devices for the orthopaedically impaired. Gait analysis-related problems commonly deal with large volumes of interrelated data for which machine-learning techniques have been proven effective. However, the size of the feature set used in such problems is a crucial factor. The choice of a large feature set may complicate the approach for long-term analysis. The present work addresses the problem of human walking speed classification through the machine learning approach. Data was experimentally collected with the mobile phone sensors carried by volunteers of different physiques. Only the acceleration readings along the three axes of the accelerometer are considered for further experimentation. Although walking speed is a personal trait, four classes of data have been curated, namely, slow walking, moderate walking, fast walking, and sitting. The speeds of the walks were not pre-defined so the volunteers performed the walks as per their own comfort, which enhances the challenge of distinguishing between sensor signals of varying speed. Experiments have been performed using different supervised learning algorithms with only acceleration data. The performance of the learning models has been analyzed with the help of accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and the ROC curve in a One-vs-Rest approach. The results demonstrate that the performance of this system for walking speed identification is comparable to state-of-the-art works. Our work has a unique perspective as it uses a primary dataset comprising only three features.
Assessing landscape fragmentation and its implications for biodiversity conservation in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) of Ghana
Authors: Bonsu Kofi , Bonin Olivier 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Context
This paper discusses the impact of urban expansion on the environment, including its effects on biodiversity conservation. As urban areas develop, natural habitats such as forests and agricultural lands are transformed into industrial, commercial, and residential uses, which alters landscape patterns and can lead to fragmentation. Fragmentation can have negative impacts on biodiversity, such as deforestation, alteration of watercourses leading to flooding, reduced availability of food, and increased pollution. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and data-driven analysis of the urban expansion of Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) over time, and its effects on biodiversity. The idea is to capture the changes in land cover and landscape patterns in GAMA from 1991 to 2022 and predict the region’s landscape patterns for 2030. This was achieved by performing a land cover change analysis of GAMA from 1991 to 2022; capturing the evolution of landscape patterns by calculating landscape metrics; and using multiradial fractal dimension as a transition variable to model and predict the land cover and landscape pattern of GAMA for 2030. The landscape metrics revealed extensive fragmentation of the Vegetation land cover type of GAMA, indicating a negative impact on biodiversity conservation, species movements, ecosystem functioning, and long-term ecological resilience. The trends highlight the importance of considering landscape connectivity, habitat fragmentation and spatial arrangement of land cover types for assessing ecological processes and urban development impacts on the environment. Additionally, multiradial fractal dimension of built-up areas is recommended as an explanatory variable for urban growth modelling.
Beyond 'push–pull': unraveling the ecological pleiotropy of plant volatile organic compounds for sustainable crop pest management
Authors: Munawar Asim , Zhu Zengrong , Machado Ricardo A. R. , Zhou Wenwu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlants produce an array of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have diverse eco-physiological functions and agricultural applications. Hence, the potential of VOCs as a natural and eco-friendly solution to increase crop productivity has garnered substantial attention. In particular, VOC-based pest management measures, such as Push–Pull, have been widely investigated in different cropping systems. However, our understanding of how the release and use of these VOCs impact agro-ecosystems beyond the targeted effects is still very limited. Therefore, studying the functions of plant VOCs from the perspective of pleiotropy may offer insights into optimizing and improving the effectiveness of VOC-based agronomic practices. Here, we discuss the current literature on the pleiotropic functions of plant VOCs, illustrate the underlying mechanism for their production and propose a systematic perspective for the usage of plant VOCs to enhance the sustainable management of crop health.
Where Worlds Collide: Late Woodland Potting Practice and Social Interaction in Upstate South Carolina
Authors: Duke C. Trevor , Markus David M. , Catalano Joshua Casmir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany anthropologists have now adopted a relational view of the culture concept. Much research has shown that, far from being bounded or self-replicating, cultures emerge through interactions between social Others. These findings are particularly important to research on borderlands and peripheries, where communities routinely encounter wide-ranging social and political diversity. We present ceramic frequencies alongside petrographic analysis from the Late Woodland component at Esseneca (38OC20) to illustrate two main points: (1) pottery types previously understood as culture historical isolates co-occur in parts of Upstate South Carolina, and (2) potters collected clays from two main geologic formations near the site. This research shows that communities in the region traveled freely, crossing cultural boundaries while acquiring potting clays. We suggest that this level of interaction between disparate social groups laid the foundation for some aspects of Mississippianization in the region.
Random and mean Lyapunov exponents for
Authors: ARMENTANO DIEGO , CHINTA GAUTAM , SAHI SIDDHARTHA , SHUB MICHAEL 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider orthogonally invariant probability measures on
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n(\mathbb {R})$
and compare the mean of the logs of the moduli of eigenvalues of the matrices with the Lyapunov exponents of random matrix products independently drawn with respect to the measure. We give a lower bound for the former in terms of the latter. The results are motivated by Dedieu and Shub [On random and mean exponents for unitarily invariant probability measures on
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n(\mathbb {C})$
. Astérisque287 (2003), xvii, 1–18]. A novel feature of our treatment is the use of the theory of spherical polynomials in the proof of our main result.
Equilibrium states for non-uniformly expanding skew products
Authors: HEMENWAY GREGORY 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study equilibrium states for a class of non-uniformly expanding skew products, and show how a family of fiberwise transfer operators can be used to define the conditional measures along fibers of the product. We prove that the pushforward of the equilibrium state onto the base of the product is itself an equilibrium state for a Hölder potential defined via these fiberwise transfer operators.
An updated checklist of Stomiiformes from Indian waters with nine new records
Authors: Rajakrishnan Rajeev , Rajeeshkumar Meleppura , Cubelio Sherine Sonia , Saravanane Narayanane 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Over the years as a part of many fishery surveys, considerable number of stomiiform fishes were collected by the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE) Research Vessel ‘Sagar Sampada’. The collection came from throughout the Indian EEZ and some from the western Indian Ocean. However, a systematic identification of these fishes had never been carried out prior to this paper. Thirty-four species were identified and it was found that eight species were new records to India and one to peninsular India. Among the records, two species, Photonectes paxtoni Flynn and Klepadlo, 2012 and Photonectes barnetti Klepadlo, 2011, are collected from the Indian Ocean for the first time. The paper provides a detailed report on all the new records and a list of stomiiform species collected during these surveys. Differences in barbel morphology observed for many of the stomiids are discussed.
Farming out judicial offices in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1750–1839
Authors: Akiba Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the widespread practice of appointing deputy judges, called naibs, in the Ottoman Empire from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. Based on extensive archival research, it analyses how the judiciary turned into a system of allocating revenue sources. An increasing number of offices of kadı (judge) were assigned as a source of income to higher-ranking ulema, who, through intermediaries, in turn farmed out their judicial offices to naibs in return for a fixed sum of money. Importantly, the apportionment fees for taxes collected from local taxpayers constituted a significant part of naibs’ incomes. The practice of deputizing in the Ottoman judiciary thus shows a close parallel with tax farming. Because the naibs transferred their revenues to the higher-ranking ulema, farming out judicial offices became a major economic basis for maintaining the Ottoman ulema hierarchy.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Parrón Ignasi , Carol Mònica , Bes Núria , Izquierdo Conchita , Godoy Pere , Barrabeig Irene , Sala M. Rosa , Minguell Sofía , Ferras Joaquin , Rius Cristina , Martínez Ana I. , Domínguez Àngela ,   Working Group for the Study of Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis in Catalonia
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We carried out a retrospective study of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks reported between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2021 in Catalonia (Spain) to compare the incidence from 2015 to 2019 with that observed from 2020 to 2021. We observed a higher incidence rate of outbreaks during the prepandemic period (16.89 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years) than during the pandemic period (6.96 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years) (rate ratio (RR) 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34 to 0.51). According to the aetiology of the outbreak, those of viral aetiology decreased from 7.82 to 3.38 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years (RR 2.31; 95% CI 1.72 to 3.12), and those of bacterial aetiology decreased from 5.01 to 2.78 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.52). There was a great reduction in AGE outbreaks in Catalonia. This reduction may have been due to the effect of the nonpharmaceutical measures applied to reduce the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the collapse of the healthcare system and epidemiological surveillance services may also have had a strong influence.
The effect of electro-anatomical mapping on the success rate and fluoroscopy time in supra-ventricular tachycardia ablation in children: single centre retrospective study
Authors: Bertels Robin A. , Françoijs Maud W. , Averdieck Catharina W. , Kammeraad Janneke A.E. , Filippini Luc H. , de Kezel Charlotte C.A. , Frerich Stefan , Fejzic Zina , du Plessis Frederik A. , Rammeloo Lucas A.J. , Kuipers Irene M. , Blom Nico A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAims:To evaluate the effect of electro-anatomical mapping on success rate and fluoroscopy time in ablation of supraventricular tachycardia substrates in a large group of children.Methods:Patients referred from multiple centres in the Netherlands and who received a first ablation for supraventricular tachycardia substrates in the Leiden University Medical Center between 2014 and 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort study. They were divided in procedures in patients with fluoroscopy and procedures in patients using electro-anatomical mapping.Results:Outcomes of ablation of 373 electro-anatomical substrates were analysed. Acute success rate in the fluoro-group (n = 170) was 95.9% compared to 94.5% in the electro-anatomical mapping group (n = 181) (p = 0.539); recurrence rate was 6.1% in the fluoro-group and 6.4% in the electro-anatomical mapping group (p = 0.911) after a 12-months follow-up. Redo-ablations were performed in 12 cases in the fluoro-group and 10 cases in the electro-anatomical mapping group, with a success rate of 83.3% versus 80.0%, resulting in an overall success rate of 95.9% in the fluoro-group and 92.8% in the electro-anatomical mapping group (p = 0.216) after 12 months. Fluoroscopy time and dose area product decreased significantly from 16.00 ± 17.75 minutes (median ± interquartile range) to 2.00 ± 3.00 minutes (p = 0.000) and 210.5 µGym2 ± 249.3 to 32.9 µGym2 ± 78.6 (p = 0.000), respectively. In the fluoro-group, four complications occurred (2.0%) and in the electro-anatomical mapping group no complications occurred.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that ablations of supraventricular tachycardia substrates in children remain a highly effective and safe treatment after the introduction of electro-anatomical mapping as a standard of care, while significantly reducing fluoroscopy time and dose area product.
Location choice and Indian outward foreign direct investment: institutional thresholds and differentiating between institutional quality and institutional distance
Authors: Nayyar Rishika , Luiz John M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInstitutions matter as regards foreign location investment decisions, but how they matter and in what ways, is still unsettled. We differentiate between absolute and relative institutional effects on both location choice and on the size of the FDI and do so by examining India's outward FDI flows between 2008 and 2020. We find that absolute and relative institutional measures have different effects, and these are noticeable at different stages. We show that the quality of institutions affects location choice, but once they have made that decision then the scale of the investment is impacted by institutional threshold effects and institutional distance, and we explain why this could be the case. We provide further nuance to studies on the asymmetrical effects of institutions on outward FDI. We provide empirical evidence that the effects of absolute institutions matter more where host countries lie at the lower end of the institutional profile distribution. Likewise with institutional distance—it might not be the direction of the difference that matters so much as where the host country is located along the institutional profile distribution. This has substantial consequences from both a managerial and a policy perspective.
Upregulation of miR-21-5p rescues the inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation induced by high glucose through negative regulation of Rhob
Authors: Wu Fang , Wang Feng , Yang Qian , Zhang Yawen , Cai Ke , Zhang Jialing , Xia Min , Wang Youhua , Wang Xu , Gui Yonghao , Li Qiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence shows that maternal hyperglycemia inhibits cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis during fetal heart development, which leads to cardiac dysplasia. Accumulating evidence suggests that the overexpression of miR-21 in CMs has a protective role in cardiac function. Therefore, we investigated whether miR-21 can rescue CM injury caused by high glucose. First, we performed biological function analysis of miR-21-5p overexpression in H9c2 cells treated with high glucose. We found that the proliferation of H9c2 cells treated with high glucose decreased significantly and was rescued after overexpression of miR-21-5p. CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. The cell proliferation of the miR-21-5p mimic transfection group was improved compared with that of the NC mimic group (*p < 0.05, miR-21-5p mimics vs. NC mimics) when the proliferation of H9c2 cells was reduced by high glucose (****p < 0.0001, high glucose (HG) vs. normal glucose (NG)). Then, we verified the targeted and negative regulation of miR-21-5p on Rhob using a dual-luciferase activity assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. We further demonstrated that miR-21-5p regulates Rhob to rescue the inhibition of CM proliferation induced by high glucose. The CCK-8 results showed that the cell proliferation of the siRNA-Rhob group was higher than that of the NC mimic group (***p < 0.001) and that of the cotransfection group with Up-Rhob plasmids and miR-21-5p mimics was lower than that of the miR-21-5p mimic group (*p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-21-5p rescues the inhibition of high glucose-induced CM proliferation through regulation of Rhob.
BCMA-targeted bortezomib nanotherapy improves therapeutic efficacy, overcomes resistance, and modulates the immune microenvironment in multiple myeloma
Authors: Dutta Debasmita , Liu Jiye , Wen Kenneth , Kurata Keiji , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Gulla Annamaria , Hideshima Teru , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBortezomib (BTZ) is a standard-of-care treatment in multiple myeloma (MM); however, adverse side effects and development of resistance limit its long term benefit. To improve target specificity, therapeutic efficacy, and overcome resistance, we designed nanoparticles that encapsulate BTZ and are surface-functionalized with BCMA antibodies (BCMA-BTZ-NPs). We confirmed efficient cellular internalization of the BCMA-BTZ-NPs only in BCMA-expressing MM cells, but not in BCMA-knockout (KO) cells. In addition, BCMA-BTZ-NPs showed target-specific cytotoxicity against MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients. The BCMA-BTZ-NPs entered the cell through receptor-mediated uptake, which escapes a mechanism of BTZ resistance based on upregulating P-glycoprotein. Furthermore, BCMA-BTZ-NPs induced cell death more efficiently than non-targeted nanoparticles or free BTZ, triggering potent mitochondrial depolarization followed by apoptosis. In BTZ-resistant cells, BCMA-BTZ-NPs inhibited proteasome activity more effectively than free BTZ or non-targeted nanoparticles. Additionally, BCMA-BTZ-NPs enhanced immunogenic cell death and activated the autophagic pathway more than free BTZ. Finally, we found that BCMA-BTZ-NPs selectively accumulated at the tumor site in a murine xenograft model, enhanced tumor reduction, and prolonged host survival. These results suggest BCMA-BTZ-NPs provide a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of BTZ and establish a framework for their evaluation in a clinical setting.
Deep learning of cell spatial organizations identifies clinically relevant insights in tissue images
Authors: Wang Shidan , Rong Ruichen , Zhou Qin , Yang Donghan M. , Zhang Xinyi , Zhan Xiaowei , Bishop Justin , Chi Zhikai , Wilhelm Clare J. , Zhang Siyuan , Pickering Curtis R. , Kris Mark G. , Minna John , Xie Yang , Xiao Guanghua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in tissue imaging techniques have facilitated the visualization and identification of various cell types within physiological and pathological contexts. Despite the emergence of cell-cell interaction studies, there is a lack of methods for evaluating individual spatial interactions. In this study, we introduce Ceograph, a cell spatial organization-based graph convolutional network designed to analyze cell spatial organization (for example,. the cell spatial distribution, morphology, proximity, and interactions) derived from pathology images. Ceograph identifies key cell spatial organization features by accurately predicting their influence on patient clinical outcomes. In patients with oral potentially malignant disorders, our model highlights reduced structural concordance and increased closeness in epithelial substrata as driving features for an elevated risk of malignant transformation. In lung cancer patients, Ceograph detects elongated tumor nuclei and diminished stroma-stroma closeness as biomarkers for insensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. With its potential to predict various clinical outcomes, Ceograph offers a deeper understanding of biological processes and supports the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
Modeling cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity from human pluripotent stem cell-derived epicardial cells
Authors: Fernandes Ian , Funakoshi Shunsuke , Hamidzada Homaira , Epelman Slava , Keller Gordon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCardiac fibroblasts play an essential role in the development of the heart and are implicated in disease progression in the context of fibrosis and regeneration. Here, we establish a simple organoid culture platform using human pluripotent stem cell-derived epicardial cells and ventricular cardiomyocytes to study the development, maturation, and heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts under normal conditions and following treatment with pathological stimuli. We demonstrate that this system models the early interactions between epicardial cells and cardiomyocytes to generate a population of fibroblasts that recapitulates many aspects of fibroblast behavior in vivo, including changes associated with maturation and in response to pathological stimuli associated with cardiac injury. Using single cell transcriptomics, we show that the hPSC-derived organoid fibroblast population displays a high degree of heterogeneity that approximates the heterogeneity of populations in both the normal and diseased human heart. Additionally, we identify a unique subpopulation of fibroblasts possessing reparative features previously characterized in the hearts of model organisms. Taken together, our system recapitulates many aspects of human cardiac fibroblast specification, development, and maturation, providing a platform to investigate the role of these cells in human cardiovascular development and disease.
Epilepsy-linked kinase CDKL5 phosphorylates voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.3, altering inactivation kinetics and neuronal excitability
Authors: Sampedro-Castañeda Marisol , Baltussen Lucas L. , Lopes André T. , Qiu Yichen , Sirvio Liina , Mihaylov Simeon R. , Claxton Suzanne , Richardson Jill C. , Lignani Gabriele , Ultanir Sila K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of rare childhood disorders characterized by severe epilepsy and cognitive deficits. Numerous DEE genes have been discovered thanks to advances in genomic diagnosis, yet putative molecular links between these disorders are unknown. CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD, DEE2), one of the most common genetic epilepsies, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the brain-enriched kinase CDKL5. To elucidate CDKL5 function, we looked for CDKL5 substrates using a SILAC-based phosphoproteomic screen. We identified the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Cav2.3 (encoded by CACNA1E) as a physiological target of CDKL5 in mice and humans. Recombinant channel electrophysiology and interdisciplinary characterization of Cav2.3 phosphomutant mice revealed that loss of Cav2.3 phosphorylation leads to channel gain-of-function via slower inactivation and enhanced cholinergic stimulation, resulting in increased neuronal excitability. Our results thus show that CDD is partly a channelopathy. The properties of unphosphorylated Cav2.3 closely resemble those described for CACNA1E gain-of-function mutations causing DEE69, a disorder sharing clinical features with CDD. We show that these two single-gene diseases are mechanistically related and could be ameliorated with Cav2.3 inhibitors.