bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges to children's research: The road ahead. Sponsored by SIG USE
Authors: Bila Dania , Chelton Mary K , Zhang Yin , Cool Colleen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe study of children's information‐seeking behavior bears many challenges. Children are information seekers with needs and development characteristics that vary from those of adults. Cognitive developmental ability, memory and recall levels; emotional, social, and physical developments are factors that influence use of various information retrieval systems. Reliable, multiple inquiry methods are needed to elicit children's information‐seeking behavior. What research methodology would best be suited for the study of children's information seeking? Federal regulations require that researchers submit an application to an Institutional Review Board (IRB) to request permission for using children as subjects in research projects. The IRB guidelines may discourage many researchers from conducting such research due to complexity and time involved to comply with the regulations. The presenters will report on the results of recent studies that employed various types of inquiry methods to examine children's information‐seeking behavior, and will discuss the IRB regulations relating to use of children as human subjects in research projects.
Designing information communities for the 3D environment. Sponsored by SIG VIS, SIG DL
Authors: Hastings S. K. , Rowe Timothy , Gelaw Daniel , Lewis Elise , Noot Walter , Arroyo Miguel Morales , O'Connor Brain 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis panel brings together researchers and practitioners to describe and discuss current research efforts in 3D imaging technologies. Each panelist will provide a brief summary of current research activities followed by a discussion of how these activities fit into the panorama of building information communities.
Working with or around your ILS?: Solutions from the real world. Sponsored by SIG LAN
Authors: Cuddy Colleen , Wu Carol , Spore Stuart , Needleman Mark , Schlumpf Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Integrated Library System (ILS) is the backbone of the library. Traditional systems supplied by a handful of vendors have done the job more or less. However, with the advent of the WWW and the digital library, librarians have become more demanding about the features of these systems. Integrated Library Systems need to be more sophisticated and more adaptable to the needs of libraries. ILS vendors are not always ready or able to keep up with the demand for added functionality and libraries are often left to develop intermediary solutions or look to thirdparty software applications to achieve the functionality they need. This session will present the work of four projects undertaken to add functionality to ILSs.
Information society metrics in the global environment. Sponsored by SIG‐III
Authors: Vaughan Professor Liwen , Menou Michel J. , Agada John , Kenny Charles , Lievrouw Leah A. , Zhou Yu‐Hong 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPanel Abstract. Liwen Vauhgan and Michel MenouAs the so‐called knowledge or digital economy spreads through the world, a number of methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative, are being developed to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of countries in their readiness to become a part of the networked global environment. Various instruments or measurements have been proposed to monitor and evaluate a country or community's performance in the information society. These methodologies or instruments are often designed for practical purposes. However, they are derived from various models or conceptual frameworks. This session will present a number of these instruments and approaches, examine their underlying assumptions, and compare their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion can further expand into the relevance of such measures to the various stakeholders, especially citizens at large. The hidden assumption that the density of digital appliances and applications reflects the degree of advancement of a society and therefore the likelihood of achieving happiness for its members will be examined. The need for, and feasibility of, introducing various human factors as part of the measurements will be highlighted.
Measuring user performance during interactions with digital video collections
Authors: Yang Meng , Wildemuth Barbara M. , Marchionini Gary , Wilkens Todd , Geisler Gary , Hughes Anthony , Gruss Richard , Webster Curtis 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWith more and more digital videos found online, video retrieval researchers have begun to create various representations or surrogates for digital videos, such as poster frames, storyboards, video skims and fast forwards. How to evaluate the effectiveness of these video surrogates has become an issue for researchers. This paper proposes two general classes of user tasks—recognition tasks and tasks requiring inference—for which performance measures were developed. The measures include graphical object recognition, textual object recognition, action recognition, free‐text gist determination, multiple‐choice gist determination and visual gist determination. The preliminary results from two user studies applying these six measures are also discussed in this paper.
The social act of citing: Towards new horizons in citation theory
Authors: Nicolaisen Jeppe 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe paper draws together central research on scientific problem solving and scientific documentation from a number of fields and demonstrates its latent potential for a general theory of citing. Specifically, two philosophical works on scientific problem solving facilitate the clarification of how research traditions work as solution constrainers. The interdisciplinary field of diffusion research is shown to deal with issues related to the issue concerning scientists' choice of problems, theories, and methods. A number of empirical composition studies dealing with the act of citing are examined and shown to contradict the mentalist assumption that scientific documentation is an act of private consciousness. The paper concludes with a preliminary outline of a general theory of citing and suggestions for further developments.
Three social distance measures for film rankings
Authors: Leazer Gregory H. , Furner Jonathan , Napper Rachel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe the use of three alternative methods for ranking films for information retrieval (IR). A large film‐person incidence matrix is generated using the principle cast, directors, producers and screenwriters for each film. These attributes are used to measure film‐film distances by creating a distance matrix: two films are considered to be adjacent if there is any overlap in the people associated with each film. The distance between any two films is measured by the shortest path used to connect them through their adjacent members. The second and third methods involve the creation of a similarity matrix that expresses the amount of overlap in the people associated with any two films using Dice's coefficient. A “product distance” matrix is then derived that express the distances between any two films based on the product of the similarity weights on a path that connects those films. The highest value is chosen when alternate paths connect the two films. We also describe an “accumulative difference distance” matrix that also expresses the distances among pairs of films. The distance, product distance and accumulative difference distance matrices are used to generate rankings for a random sample of films.
A new system to support knowledge discovery: Telemakus
Authors: Revere Debra , Fuller Sherrilynne S. , Bugni Paul F. , Martin George M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn unfortunate consequence of specialization in the sciences is poor communication across domains—which can hamper the knowledge discovery process. Research findings in one area may be pertinent to another, researchers may be unaware of relevant work by others that could be integrated into theirs, and important findings just outside a researcher's focus may go undiscovered. Compounding this problem is the information overload issue‐the difficulty of keeping current with information that continues to grow at an exponential rate. The development of methods and tools for assisting researchers and other professionals in an effective extraction of problem‐oriented knowledge from heterogeneous and massive information sources, and for using this knowledge in problem‐solving is one of the most fundamental research directions for the information and computer sciences today. It is clear that there is a need for new tools to support more precise identification of relevant research articles and, further, to provide visual clues regarding relationships among the document sets. We present here a suite of such tools which has been in development at the University of Washington for several years.
Hybrid hierarchical classifiers for categorization of medical documents
Authors: Ruiz Miguel E. , Srinivasan Padmini 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article presents a study of the application of hierarchical classifiers based on the hierarchical mixtures of experts. In particular we present an extension of our work that explores the use of linear classifiers and a hybrid model that combines backpropagation neural networks with linear classifiers. We test this model using the UMLS as the classification structure and a subset of medical abstracts from MEDLINE. Our results confirm that using the hierarchical structure of the classification vocabulary improves categorization performance.
Impact of a corporate merger on the information seeking behaviors of research practitioners
Authors: Hirsh Sandra , Dinkelacker Jamie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOver the Summer of 2002 groups of researchers from HP Labs and Compaq Labs began the long process of becoming a single research organization. Fundamental to productive research in a corporate setting are the practices and expectations regarding information seeking and collaboration. To this end, a survey research project was conducted that sampled researchers from selected labs of each pre‐merger company regarding their usage of information sources and their preferred means of collaboration and information seeking. This paper presents partial findings from this larger study, focusing on information‐seeking behaviors of these researchers. Findings suggested that the information seeking behavior of the participants was impacted by the unstable environment resulting from the recently completed merger and the process of integrating two research organizations. Participants relied heavily on the internet and other web‐based resources, more so than on their colleagues inside the company. Participants made their selections of which information resources to use based on how little time it took them to track down the information as well as the authoritativeness of the sources.
Automated indexing of the hazardous substances data bank
Authors: Nuss Carlo , Chang Hua Florence , Moore Dorothy , Fonger George C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a factual data file produced and maintained by the Specialized Information Services (SIS) Division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), contains over 4600 records on potentially hazardous chemicals. To improve information retrieval from HSDB, SIS has undertaken the development of an automated indexing protocol in collaboration with NLM's Indexing Initiative group. The Indexing Initiative investigates methods whereby automated indexing may partially or completely substitute for human indexing. Three main methodologies are applied: the MetaMap Indexing method, which maps text to concepts in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus; the Trigram Phrase Matching method, which uses character trigrams to match text to Metathesaurus concepts; and a variant of the PubMed Related Citations method to find MeSH terms related to input text. The UMLS concepts generated by the first two methods are mapped to MeSH main headings through the Restrict‐to‐MeSH algorithm. The resulting MeSH terms are then clustered into a ranked list of recommended indexing terms. The purpose of the poster is to present our experience in applying these automated indexing methodologies to a large data file with highly structured records, a variety of text and data formats, and complex technical and biomedical terminology.
VorteX — Enhancing the pedagogy in software development education
Authors: Ridgway Mark , Ratcliffe Mark , Ellis Wayne 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVorteX is a new product, pedagogically biased in its support for assisting and managing collaborative projects. Currently targeted at a software development environment, a joint venture between Khaydor Ltd and the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, VorteX will soon be more generally applicable. Through the use of collaboration, students are able to gain deeper knowledge and understanding of their work. Unfortunately, group projects are notoriously difficult to grade due to the lack of individual accountability. VorteX overcomes this problem by tracking developments of the group work, generating metrics and providing animation facilities to replay the activities undertaken.
An empirical study of children's source use for internet searches
Authors: Zhang Yin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis poster reports on an empirical study on children's source use for their Internet searches. A group of third‐ and fifth‐grade students participated in this study over a 15‐week period, during which the students conducted Internet searches for their schoolwork as part of their curriculum. Data were gathered using screen captures and three rounds of post‐search interviews. Students in this study were allowed to use various Internet sources for their searches. Findings of this study shed light on how children come across, select, and use various Internet sources to meet their information needs for schoolwork and how such use changes over time as they gain more Internet experience.
Managing social capital as knowledge management ‐ some specification and representation issues
Authors: Davenport Elisabeth , Graham Martin , Kennedy Jessie , Taylor Katharine 
Published: January 2005

Abstract‘Classic’ accounts of social capital have emerged in accounts of stable networks or institutional environments. These conditions do not apply in the case of many firms ‐ a case in point being small firm networks that rely on rapid turnover of projects. Our research team is attempting to identify how social capital is manifest in these contexts, and thus to make suggestions for building, maintaining and refreshing such capital. We present work to date that converts this type of tacit knowledge into sets of explicit and manageable local data, and provide examples of information visualizations for profiling and retrieval that support the management of social capital.
Dimensions of human‐work domain interaction: A preliminary analysis for the design of a corporate digital library
Authors: Xie Hong (Iris) 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe author applies the cognitive system engineering approach to investigate human‐work interaction at a corporate setting. This study reports the preliminary analysis of data collected from diary analysis and interview of 20 subjects. The results present the identification of three dimensions for each of four interactive activities involved in human‐work interaction and their relationships. An enhanced model and its implications for the development of a corporate digital library are further discussed.
Perception difference between users and information professionals: A case study of TaiPower
Authors: Yang Chyan , Wu Ching‐Yu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDuring the development of information systems, users and information professionals have lots of interactions such as interviews for information requirements, and discussions on specifications. Effective communications between these two types of people dictate the success of the system development. A more sophisticated factor that affects the success of the system development would be whether there is a perception gap between them. In a development team, users and information professionals may have different perceptions on the role and required skill sets of system analysts. This difference leads to different behavior. Likewise, when there is consistent perception of the users' involvement one can expect the reduction of the resistance to the system development. This research is to report the case of Taiwan Power Company on the perception difference between IT professionals and information systems users. By using multivariate analysis, this study found that there are significant differences regarding “the required skill sets of system analysts,” and “the expected role playing of system analysts.” However, there is no significant difference regarding the “non‐material motivation of system analysts.”
Homeland security and information control: A model of asymmetric information flows
Authors: Maxwell Terrence A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn response to international terrorism, the United States government has actively sought to reorganize information flows to and from individuals, the media, and other nations. These government actions lead to information asymmetry, with certain realms becoming relatively ‘information poor.’ While the short‐term effects of asymmetrical information flows appear to be positive for the government, are relatively neutral for individuals and the media, they increase global distrust of US governmental actions, which may adversely affect global stability. Finally, any complete analysis of the impacts of controlling information flows must include an understanding of what constitutes security, and the appropriate balance between information disclosure and secrecy in a democratic society.
The library as a learning organization and the climate for updating in a period of rapidly changing technologies
Authors: Auster Ethel , Chan Donna C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRapidly changing technologies in libraries require continuous learning on the part of staff, particularly librarians, to keep up to date. This paper examines some of the factors affecting the participation of librarians in professional development activities. Reference librarians working in large urban public libraries in Ontario were surveyed in 2001. Data on their participation in formal and informal learning activities, together with information about their perceptions of their libraries' environment with respect to updating and learning were obtained from 553 respondents. The analysis shows that an environment which encourages learning plays a role in librarians' participation in professional development, particularly participation in informal learning activities, such as discussions with colleagues, reading and conference participation. Surprisingly, the climate for updating was found to reduce participation levels in informal activities. Having a supportive manager who provides feedback about job performance, assigns opportunities to develop and strengthen new skills and supports attempts to acquire additional training plays a positive role in the participation of reference librarians in informal professional development activities. If libraries are truly determined to become learning organizations, they must first examine their own culture of learning and climate for updating.
Lexical inference mechanisms for text understanding and classification
Authors: Figa Elizabeth , Tarau Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a framework for building story traces (compact global views of a narrative) and story projections (selections of key elements of a narrative) and their applications in text understanding and classification. Word and sense properties are extracted from documents using the WordNet lexical database enhanced with Prolog inference rules and a number of lexical transformations. Inference rules are based on navigation in various WordNet relation chains (hypernyms, meronyms, entailment and causality links, etc.) and derived relations expressed as Boolean combinations of node and edge properties used to direct the navigation. The resulting abstract story traces provide a compact view of the underlying narrative's key content elements and a means for automated indexing and classification of text collections. Ontology driven projections act as a kind of “semantic lenses” and provide a means to select a subset of a narrative whose key sense elements are subsumed by a set of concepts, predicates and properties expressing the focus of interest of a user. Finally, we discuss applications of these techniques in text understanding, classification of text collections and answering questions about a text.
Experimental study of index terms and information access
Authors: Wacholder Nina , Liu Lu , Sharp Mark , Yuan Xiaojun , Song Peng 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper we report on the methodology used in an experiment whose objective was to discover whether information seekers display experimentally demonstrable preferences for index terms with particular properties, and if so, to analyze those preferences. For the experiment, we merged three sets of terms: two sets were identified automatically and one manually. 23 subjects used the merged list of terms via ESBI (Experimental Searching and Browsing Interface) to answer a predetermined set of questions of varying degrees of difficulty. By design, the interface discourages direct searching and forces users to access content indirectly via index terms. Our results provide strong evidence that it is indeed possible to measure human preference for index terms: subjects displayed a strong preference for the manual index terms, which on average were significantly longer and structurally more complex than the automatically identified terms. However, the automatically identified index terms were selected often enough to suggest that they too are of value. We discuss the design of the computer interface, the process of question selection, the preparation of the merged list of index terms, the techniques for assessment of question difficulty, the experimental protocol, and the methods we used for assessing the validity of the experimental results.
Understanding statistical concepts and terms in context: The GovStat ontology and the statistical interactive glossary
Authors: Haas Stephanie W. , Pattuelli Maria Cristina , Brown Ron T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOne of the problems that people have in using statistical information from government websites, is that the level of statistical knowledge in the general population is low. People's lack of statistical knowledge is a barrier to finding the statistics they need and understanding what the statistics mean and how to use them. We describe the Statistical Interactive Glossary (SIG), an enhanced glossary of statistical terms, and the GovStat ontology of statistical concepts which supports it. The overall goal of the glossary is to help users understand important statistical terms and concepts in the context in which they are used. We present a conceptual framework whose components articulate the different aspects of a term's basic explanation that can be manipulated to produce a variety of presentations. Developing the general explanation for each term involves three types of information: the content of the explanation, the context in which the explanation will be displayed, and the format in which the explanation will be delivered. Taxonomic relationships between concepts in the GovStat ontology support the provision of context‐specific presentations. These same relationships are also associated with explanation templates, which are patterns for defining or giving an example of a concept. We conclude by discussing evaluation of the SIG. The overarching criterion of effectiveness is whether the SIG helps users complete their statistical information tasks.