bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of regulator of G‐protein signaling R12 subfamily members during mouse development
Authors: Martin‐McCaffrey Luke , Hains Melinda D. , Pritchard Grant A. , Pajak Agnieszka , Dagnino Lina , Siderovski David P. , D'Souza Sudhir J.A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRegulators of G‐protein Signaling (RGS proteins) are a multigene family of GTPase‐accelerating proteins for the Gα subunit of heterotrimeric G‐proteins. The mammalian R12 RGS protein subfamily is composed of RGS12 and RGS14, two proteins characterized by their multidomain architecture of hallmark RGS domain, tandem Ras‐binding domains (RBDs), and a second Gα interacting domain, the GoLoco motif. The Rgs12 gene generates multiple splice variants, the largest of which encodes N‐terminal PDZ and PTB domains in addition to the core RGS/RBD/GoLoco motifs. The Rgs14 gene encodes a protein similar to the non‐PDZ/PTB domain RGS12 splice variants. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of RGS12 and RGS14 proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry in a developmental series of postimplantation mouse embryo. We report that RGS12 splice variants exhibit differential spatiotemporal patterns of expression during postimplantation embryogenesis, suggesting nonoverlapping roles. In contrast, RGS14 is found ubiquitously throughout the postimplantation period. We conclude that R12 subfamily RGS proteins likely play significant and different roles in specific tissues and periods of mouse embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 234:438–444, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monocilia on chicken embryonic endocardium in low shear stress areas
Authors: Van der Heiden Kim , Groenendijk Bianca C.W. , Hierck Beerend P. , Hogers Bianca , Koerten Henk K. , Mommaas A. Mieke , Gittenberger‐de Groot Adriana C. , Poelmann Robert E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDuring cardiovascular development, fluid shear stress patterns change dramatically due to extensive remodeling. This biomechanical force has been shown to drive gene expression in endothelial cells and, consequently, is considered to play a role in cardiovascular development. The mechanism by which endothelial cells sense shear stress is still unidentified. In this study, we postulate that primary cilia function as fluid shear stress sensors of endothelial cells. Such a function already has been attributed to primary cilia on epithelial cells of the adult kidney and of Hensen's node in the embryo where they transduce mechanical signals into an intracellular Ca2+ signaling response. Recently, primary cilia were observed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These primary cilia disassembled when subjected to high shear stress levels. Whereas endocardial–endothelial cells have been reported to be more shear responsive than endothelial cells, cilia are not detected, thus far, on endocardial cells. In the present study, we use field emission scanning electron microscopy to show shear stress‐related regional differences in cell protrusions within the cardiovasculature of the developing chicken. Furthermore, we identify one of these cell protrusions as a monocilium with monoclonal antibodies against acetylated and detyrosinated alpha‐tubulin. The distribution pattern of the monocilia was compared to the chicken embryonic expression pattern of the high shear stress marker Krüppel‐like factor‐2. We demonstrate the presence of monocilia on endocardial–endothelial cells in areas of low shear stress and postulate that they are immotile primary cilia, which function as fluid shear stress sensors. Developmental Dynamics 235:19–28, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Message in a bottle: Role of the 70‐kDa heat shock protein family in anti‐tumor immunity
Authors: Calderwood Stuart K. , Theriault Jimmy R. , Gong Jianlin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractExtracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a potent agent for tumor immunotherapy, which can break tolerance to tumor‐associated antigens and cause specific tumor cell killing by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The pro‐immune effects of extracellular HSP70 are, to some extent, extensions of its molecular properties as an intracellular stress protein. The HSP70 are characterized by massive inducibility after stress, preventing cell death by inhibiting aggregation of cell proteins and directly antagonizing multiple cell death pathways. HSP70 family members possess a domain in the C terminus that chaperones unfolded proteins and peptides, and a N‐terminal ATPase domain that controls the opening and closing of the peptide binding domain. These properties not only enable intracellular HSP70 to inhibit tumor apoptosis, but also promote formation of stable complexes with cytoplasmic tumor antigens that can then escape intact from dying cells to interact with antigen‐processing cells (APC) and stimulate anti‐tumor immunity. HSP70 may be released from tumors undergoing therapy at high local extracellular concentrations, and send a danger signal to the host leading to APC activation. Extracellular HSP70 bind to high‐affinity receptors on APC, leading to activation of maturation and re‐presentation of the peptide antigen cargo of HSP70 by the APC. The ability of HSP70‐peptide complexes (HSP70‐PC) to break tolerance and cause tumor regression employs these dual properties as signaling ligand and antigen transporter. HSP70‐PC thus coordinately activate innate immune responses and deliver antigens for re‐presentation by MHC class I and II molecules on the APC cell surface, leading to specific anti‐tumor immunity.
Vaccine route, dose and type of delivery vector determine patterns of primary CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Estcourt Marie J. , Létourneau Sven , McMichael Andrew J. , Hanke Tomáš 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe dynamics of primary CD8+ T cell responses following administration of modified virus Ankara (MVA)‐ and DNA‐vectored vaccines was investigated in a mouse model. To overcome the low frequency of naive antigen‐specific precursors and follow the early expansion events, naive CFSE‐labelled T cell receptor‐transgenic F5 lymphocytes were transferred into syngeneic non‐transgenic recipients prior to vaccination. Using the i.d., i.v. and i.m. routes and increasing recombinant MVA (rMVA) vaccine doses, the primary response was analysed on a divisional basis at local and distant lymphoid organs at various times after vaccination. The results indicated that F5 cell divisions were initiated in the local draining lymph nodes and cells only after five to six divisions appeared at more distant sites. The rMVA dose affected frequencies of cells entering division and at the peak response. When priming induced by rMVA and plasmid DNA was compared, dramatic differences in the cycling patterns were observed with plasmid DNA inducing a response slower and more sustained over the first 2 wk than rMVA. Both rMVA and DNA induced comparable IFN‐γ production, which increased with cell divisions. Taken together, the vaccine type, dose and route have a strong influence on the spatial and temporal patterns of initial T cell responses.See accompanying commentary http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200535335
Bench‐scale evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for treatment of a cyanide‐contaminated wastewater from an engine manufacturing facility
Authors: Ford Jack , Hernandez Rafael , Zappi Mark 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAdvanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are aggressive chemical oxidation techniques that are characterized by the formation of hydroxyl radicals. This treatability study evaluated the performance of the following AOPs for treating cyanide‐contaminated wastewater from an engine manufacturing company: low‐pressure ultraviolet (LPUV) light/ozone (O3), medium‐pressure UV (MPUV)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), MPUV/O3/H2O2, and peroxone (combination of O3 and H2O2). A bench‐scale reactor was used to examine the relative effectiveness of each AOP for removal of both cyanide and total organic carbon (TOC) from the wastewater. Initial cyanide concentration of the water was 0.6 mg/L. The experiments were run for 1 h. The LPUV/O3 process removed 18 and 60% of the initial cyanide and TOC in the wastewater, respectively. The changes in TOC observed with the evaluated peroxone schemes (5% O3/100 mg/L H2O2 and 1% O3/100 mg/L H2O2) were almost identical to those seen with the LPUV/O3 system. The combination of medium‐pressure UV and 500 mg/L H2O2 performed best among the AOPs in the study with respect to cyanide removal. Surprisingly low removal of TOC was observed, indicating a low potential for hydroxyl radicals to remove the organic fraction from this wastewater. A combination of all the results indicates that the main mechanisms of TOC and cyanide removal are volatilization and photolysis, respectively. The results of the treatability study were used in designing a water treatment system currently in operation at the engine manufacturing facility. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005
The order of genetic events associated with colorectal cancer progression inferred from meta‐analysis of copy number changes
Authors: Diep Chieu B. , Kleivi Kristine , Ribeiro Franclim R. , Teixeira Manuel R. , Lindgjærde Ole C. , Lothe Ragnhild A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo identify chromosomal aberrations that differentiate among the Dukes' stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as those that are responsible for the progression into liver metastases, we performed a meta‐analysis of data obtained from 31 comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies comprising a total of 859 CRCs. Individual copy number profiles for 373 primary tumors and 102 liver metastases were recorded and several statistical analyses, such as frequency, multivariate logistic regression, and trend tests, were performed. In addition, time of occurrence analysis was applied for the first time to copy number changes identified by CGH, and each genomic imbalance was thereby classified as an early or late event in colorectal tumorigenesis. By combining data from the different statistical tests, we present a novel genetic pathway for CRC progression that distinguishes the Dukes' stages and identifies early and late events in both primary carcinomas and liver metastases. Results from the combined analyses suggest that losses at 17p and 18 and gains of 8q, 13q, and 20 occur early in the establishment of primary CRCs, whereas loss of 4p is associated with the transition from Dukes' A to B–D. Deletion of 8p and gains of 7p and 17q are correlated with the transition from primary tumor to liver metastasis, whereas losses of 14q and gains of 1q, 11, 12p, and 19 are late events. We supplement these findings with a list of potential target genes for the specific alterations from a publicly available microarray expression dataset of CRC. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐motion and the origin of differential spatial scaling along the septo‐temporal axis of the hippocampus
Authors: Maurer Andrew P. , VanRhoads Shea R. , Sutherland Gary R. , Lipa Peter , McNaughton Bruce L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSpatial scaling of place specific activity in the hippocampus varies systematically from the septal pole (high resolution) to the temporal pole (low resolution). Place fields get progressively larger, and the probability of observing a field in a given environment gets progressively smaller. It was previously found that decoupling movement in space from ambulation, by having the animal actively ride on a mobile platform, results in marked enlargement of the spatial scale factor in the dorsal hippocampus and a reduction in the increase in theta rhythm power with running speed, suggesting that a self‐motion signal determines the spatial scale at which the hippocampal population vector updates. These results led to the hypothesis that the gain of the self‐motion signal may vary systematically along the septo‐temporal axis of the hippocampus. To test this hypothesis, EEG theta rhythm and ensembles of CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons were recorded from the extreme dorsal and middle portions of the hippocampus. Pyramidal cell population vectors representing successive locations became decorrelated over substantially shorter distances in the dorsal than in the middle hippocampus. Dorsal pyramidal cells had smaller place fields, higher mean and peak firing rates, and higher intrinsic oscillation frequencies during track running than that of middle pyramidal cells. Both dorsal pyramidal cells and interneurons had more elevated mean rates during running, compared with rest, than that of the corresponding cell classes in the middle hippocampus, and both cell classes increased their rates more as a function of speed in the dorsal hippocampus.The amplitude, but not the frequency of fissure recorded theta rhythm, increased more as a function of running speed in the dorsal than in the middle hippocampus. We conclude that variation in the neuronal response to movement speed is the likely basis for the systematic variation in spatial scaling along the septo‐temporal axis of the hippocampus. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual phase and rate coding in hippocampal place cells: Theoretical significance and relationship to entorhinal grid cells
Authors: O'Keefe John , Burgess Neil 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe review the ideas and data behind the hypothesis that hippocampal pyramidal cells encode information by their phase of firing relative to the theta rhythm of the EEG. Particular focus is given to the further hypothesis that variations in firing rate can encode information independently from that encoded by firing phase. We discuss possible explanation of the phase‐precession effect in terms of interference between two independent oscillatory influences on the pyramidal cell membrane potential, and the extent to which firing phase reflects internal dynamics or external (environmental) variables. Finally, we propose a model of the firing of the recently discovered “grid cells” in entorhinal cortex as part of a path‐integration system, in combination with place cells and head‐direction cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of prematurity, maternal anxiety, and infants' neurobiological risk on mother–infant interactions
Authors: Schmücker Gesine , Brisch Karl‐Heinz , Köhntop Brigitte , Betzler Susanne , Österle Margret , Pohlandt Frank , Pokorny Dan , Laucht Manfred , Kächele Horst , Buchheim Anna 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this study, we investigated how the birth of a very low birth weight preterm (VLBW) infant influences the mother–infant interaction at 3 months. We also focused on the impact of the infant's neurobiological risk and maternal anxiety, and their interaction. The comparison of the VLBW preterm sample (n = 79) with an external full‐term sample (n = 35) showed mother–infant interactions of the families with the preterm infant to be more vocally responsive during the interaction, but less facially responsive during the interaction. Additionally, higher levels of maternal anxiety were associated with preterm infants being less facially responsive in interaction with their mother. While neurobiological risk of the infant played a part in this association, with higher risk infants also being less facially responsive, the relationship with maternal anxiety and the mother–child interaction was stronger. How these findings may influence therapeutic interventions is discussed.
Application of torsion angle molecular dynamics for efficient sampling of protein conformations
Authors: Chen Jianhan , Im Wonpil , Brooks Charles L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe investigate the application of torsion angle molecular dynamics (TAMD) to augment conformational sampling of peptides and proteins. Interesting conformational changes in proteins mainly involve torsional degrees of freedom. Carrying out molecular dynamics in torsion space does not only explicitly sample the most relevant degrees of freedom, but also allows larger integration time steps with elimination of the bond and angle degrees of freedom. However, the covalent geometry needs to be fixed during internal coordinate dynamics, which can introduce severe distortions to the underlying potential surface in the extensively parameterized modern Cartesian‐based protein force fields. A “projection” approach (Katritch et al. J Comput Chem 2003, 24, 254–265) is extended to construct an accurate internal coordinate force field (ICFF) from a source Cartesian force field. Torsion crossterm corrections constructed from local molecular fragments, together with softened van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, are used to recover the potential surface and incorporate implicit bond and angle flexibility. MD simulations of dipeptide models demonstrate that full flexibility in both the backbone ϕ/ψ and side chain χ1 angles are virtually restored. The efficacy of TAMD in enhancing conformational sampling is then further examined by folding simulations of small peptides and refinement experiments of protein NMR structures. The results show that an increase of several fold in conformational sampling efficiency can be reliably achieved. The current study also reveals some complicated intrinsic properties of internal coordinate dynamics, beyond energy conservation, that can limit the maximum size of the integration time step and thus the achievable gain in sampling efficiency. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1565–1578, 2005
Calculation of rotational partition functions by an efficient Monte Carlo importance sampling technique
Authors: Tafipolsky M. , Schmid R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe evaluation of the classical rotational partition function represented by a configuration integral over all external and internal rotational degrees of freedom of nonrigid chain polyatomic molecules is described. The method of Pitzer and Gwinn is used to correct the classical partition function for quantum mechanical effects at low temperatures. The internal rotor hindrance and all coupling arising from the external and internal rotational degrees of freedom are explicitly taken into account. Importance sampling Monte Carlo based on the adaptive VEGAS algorithm to perform multidimensional integration is implemented within the TINKER program package. A multidimensional potential energy hypersurface is calculated with the MM3(2000) molecular mechanics force field. Numerical tests are performed on a number of small n‐alkanes (from ethane to octane), for which the absolute entropies calculated at three different temperatures are compared both with the experimental values and with the previous theoretical results. The application of a more efficient importance sampling technique developed here results in a substantial reduction of statistical errors in the evaluation of the configuration integral for a given number of Monte Carlo steps. Error estimates for the calculated entropies are given, and possible sources of systematic errors, and their importance for a reliable prediction of the absolute entropy, are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1579–1591, 2005
A comparison of the cholinesterases of an oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and a clam (Macrocallista nimbosa)
Authors: Roop Tom , Greenberg Michael J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCholinesterase activities in the hearts and ganglia of an oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and a venerid clam (Macrocallista nimbosa) were measured and compared. Tissue extracts were partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by gel column chromatography. Enzymatic activity was assayed spectrophotometrically; substrates were acetyl‐, butyryl‐, and propionylthiocholine (ATC, BTC, PTC). Kinetic constants characterizing each enzyme were derived. At all substrate concentrations, the hydrolysis rates of both clam enzymes were in the order: BTC > PTC > ATC. With oyster enzymes the ranking was ATC ≥ PTC > BTC. The specific activities of oyster heart and ganglion enzymes were similar. In contrast, clam ganglion extracts were 75–100 times more active than clam heart extracts and, with any substrate, had greater activity than either oyster enzyme. All enzyme preparations proved to be homogeneous on the bases of constant substrate activity ratios in successive column fractions, and of intermediate velocities with mixed substrates. Six cholinesterase inhibitors were tested. The specific acetylcholinesterase antagonist, B.W. 62c47, was much more effective against oyster enzymes, while the specific antibutylcholinesterase, iso‐OMPA, almost totally inhibited clam enzyme activity, but had little effect on oyster. Eserine was the most effective inhibitor of both enzymes. In conclusion, the enzymes in oyster tissues are acetylcholinesterases, while clam enzymes are butyrylcholinesterases. Nevertheless, clam ganglion esterase is sifficiently active to hydrolyze the physiological substrate, acetyl‐choline. These results explain the long‐observed differences in isolated heart pharmacology between ostreid and venerid bivalves.
Thermosensitivity of pattern formation in a ciliate Chilodonella cucullulus
Authors: Kaczanowska Janina , Kiersnowska Mauryla 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDuring divisional morphogenesis of the ciliate protozoan Chilodonella cucullulus different thermosensitivity is observed at early and advanced stages of development.Thermic shocks (of 31 or 32°C) applied to cells early in division bring about resorption of new developing cortical organelles, while the same shocks do not prevent further development and cell division if applied to advanced dividers. Thus as in many other cells a transition point in thermosensitivity occurs during the cell cycle.The period before the transition point corresponds to primary pattern formation of primordia of new cortical organelles, the post transitional period corresponds to final pattern formation of sets of organelles for offspring. In control (unheated) cells some simultaneous processes of differentiation and dedifferentiation are observed both in the pre‐transitional and post‐transitional periods. Therefore the stability of development at high temperature which is attained in the post‐transitional period concerns specific selection of organelles for further development rather than over‐all stability of formed structures.The effect of preincubation at low temperature and at mild temperature on thermosensitivity at 31°C is compared. Cells preincubated at low temperature can go through one round of divisional morphogenesis, while those preincubated at mild temperature are not able to do this; instead they regress into a resorption stage. Cells preincubated at low temperature and shifted to high temperature also sometimes manifest abnormalities in the number and disposition of contractile vacuole pores (CVPs). Hence in these cells thermosensitivity of pattern formation is demonstrated.