bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shunt Valve Recession Technique as a Neuroplastic Surgery Adjunct in Complex and High-Risk Shunt Revisions: Technical Note and Case Series
Authors: Lagziel Tomer , Lee Ryan P. , Gordon Chad R. , Luciano Mark , Ben-Shalom Netanel 
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives:
Ventricular shunting is one of the most common procedures in neurosurgery. However, complications and revisions are frequent. Patients requiring multiple revisions often suffer secondary issues with scalp healing over hardware. Many common ventricular shunt valves have an obligate thickness that creates a visible protrusion and can potentially cause local tissue ischemia and breakdown in the setting of repeated surgery. The authors present a simple technique for recessing the shunt valve into the underlying bone to alleviate protrusion in high-risk cases. Three example cases utilizing this technique are presented.

Methods:
The skull directly underlying the planned valve site is uniformly recessed with a cutting burr several millimeters as desired while maintaining the inner cortical bone layer. The valve is fixed with standard cranial plating hardware.

Expected Outcomes:
Three patients are reported who underwent shunt valve recession as an adjunct to their shunt revision with neuroplastic surgery assistance. All patients had undergone multiple prior surgeries that had resulted in thin and high-risk fragile scalp. In 1 patient, the prior valve was eroding through the scalp before the described revision. All patients had satisfactory cosmetic outcomes, and there were no revisions in the 2-month follow-up period.

Discussion:
Complex and high-risk ventricular shunt patients should be considered for shunt valve recession into the bone to reduce wound-related complications and enhance healing. This is a technically simple, safe, and effective technique to include as a neuroplastic adjunct.
Exploring the Effect of Head-Worn Displays on Prehospital Teamwork Using Online Simulation
Authors: Davidson Thomas J. , Waxenegger Harald , Mohamed Ismail , McConnell Duncan S. , Sanderson Penelope M. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Prehospital teamwork occurs in dynamic environments where paramedics work together using technologies to care for patients. Despite increasing interest in using head-worn displays (HWDs) to support prehospital workers, little is known about how HWDs affect teamwork.

Methods
We tested the effect of HWDs on the team processes and patient care of paramedic trainee teams in a laboratory study using an online prehospital simulation environment, SPECTRa. In a randomized crossover design, 20 two-person teams worked in the SPECTRa laptop environment from separate physical rooms to assess and treat 2 simulated patients in 3 prehospital patient care scenarios. In each scenario, each trainee used either an HWD, a tablet computer (TAB), or no mobile device (CON) to help them monitor the vital signs of both patients. We measured team processes based around 3 themes of mutual understanding, team performance, and administered an 18-item questionnaire about teamwork and use of the devices.

Results
The mean number (HWD = 11; TAB = 7; P = 0.061) and duration (HWD = 1746 milliseconds; TAB = 1563 milliseconds; P = 0.504) of attention switches that teams made toward the mobile device did not differ with HWDs or TABs. However, teams switched attention between patients less with HWDs than with TABs (P = 0.026) or CON (P = 0.007) (medians: HWD = 5; TAB = 8; CON = 8). Teams communicated less when using HWDs than TABs (P = 0.017) (medians: HWD = 76; TAB = 96; CON = 83), but there were other mixed effects on communication. Team performance did not differ across device conditions on the timeliness to notice critical patient changes (P = 0.387) (medians: HWD = 244 seconds; TAB = 246 seconds; CON = 168 seconds) or to complete the scenarios (P = 0.212) (medians: HWD = 800 seconds; TAB = 913 seconds; CON = 835 seconds). Questionnaire results revealed some perceived benefits of the HWD.

Conclusions
Head-worn displays may let prehospital teams monitor each other's performance more efficiently than TABs or CON, requiring less communication to maintain patient care performance with lower workload than with TABs. However, improvements in mutual understanding with HWDs compared with CON were more evident in teams' preferences than in actual behavior. Further research is needed to confirm and extend these results.
Mindfulness Based Interventions for Surgeons
Authors: Coopersmith Ari S. , Shroff Yash V. , Wen George A. , Berler Michael H. , Gonzales Paul A. , Ojute Feyisayo M. , Lebares Carter C. 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To review the evidence on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for surgeons.

Background:
Healthcare professionals have alarmingly high rates of burnout, yet little is known about psychological factors that support resilience. MBIs, which involve codified training in specific skills such as self-awareness, emotional regulation, and perspective-taking, have shown benefit to professionals in high stress environments, but have had limited implementation in the healthcare workplace and in surgery. To our knowledge, there has not been a scoping review of MBIs in surgery to date.

Methods:
We conducted a scoping review of the evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of MBIs for surgeons, including evidence on interventions that explicitly train mindfulness, which spans multiple cohorts and settings, utilizing different methodologies and outcome measures.

Results:
This scoping review yielded 24 studies, including two mixed method/qualitative studies, nine randomized control trials, three non-randomized interventional studies, and eight single-arm interventional studies.

Conclusions:
We find that MBIs in surgery 1) are feasible in surgical contexts, with implementation science providing insights on sustainability; 2) increase mindfulness, 3) improve well-being in terms of burnout and both psychological and neurophysiological measures of stress, and 4) enhance performance as measured in executive function, surgical skills, and communication skills. These conclusions are supported by psychometric measures, observations of technical skills, and neurophysiological evidence. Future directions include studying MBIs in larger and more diverse populations, and iteratively tailoring mindfulness-based interventions to other healthcare contexts.
Sand flies around Tona, an artificial water reservoir in Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia): diversity, spatiotemporal frequency, and efficacy of four sampling methods
Authors: Rengifo-Correa Laura , Castillo Ruth M , Cuadros Juliana , Galati Eunice A B , Duque Jonny E 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCharacterizing the sand fly diversity is crucial for an effective design of control strategies for Leishmaniasis. We aimed to characterize the sand fly biodiversity around the Tona Reservoir (Santander, Colombia) and to compare the performance of four sampling methods. A sampling of insects was performed in 2017 in the most preserved and least preserved areas close to the Tona Reservoir, using Torre Vigia-UIS and HomeTrap-UIS, two sticky traps previously designed by our working group, CDC, and Bg-Sentinel traps. We collected 268 Phlebotominae specimens, most with CDC (47.8%) and Torre Vigia-UIS (30.2%) traps. Some specimens (47%) could not be determined because of their preservation status; these samples came mostly from the sticky traps. We found 16 sand fly morphospecies, of which 12 were determined to species level. Here, we report two new records for Santander:Pintomyia youngi(Feliciangeli and Murillo, 1987) andLutzomyia ceferinoi(Ortíz and Álvarez, 1963). We also collected some confirmed vectors ofLeishmania:Pi. youngi,Lutzomyia gomezi(Nitzulescu, 1931), andLu. longipalpis(Lutz and Neiva, 1912). The highest diversity was collected in the most disturbed area (15 spp.), and in the rainy season (April, 12 spp.).Pintomyia youngidistribution was broad through the Tona Reservoir in all the sampled periods, and we suggest tracking it to infer leishmaniasis risk in the Tona Reservoir. Torre Vigia-UIS seems a valuable tool for vector control, but we do not recommend it for biodiversity studies.
Genotype sampling for deep-learning assisted experimental mapping of fitness landscapes
Authors: Wagner Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMotivationExperimental characterization of fitness landscapes, which map genotypes onto fitness, is important for both evolutionary biology and protein engineering. It faces a fundamental obstacle in the astronomical number of genotypes whose fitness needs to be measured for any one protein. Deep learning may help to predict the fitness of many genotypes from a smaller neural network training sample of genotypes with experimentally measured fitness. Here I use a recently published experimentally mapped fitness landscape of more than 260,000 protein genotypes to ask how such sampling is best performed.ResultsI show that multilayer perceptrons, recurrent neural networks (RNNs), convolutional networks, and transformers, can explain more than 90 percent of fitness variance in the data. In addition, 90 percent of this performance is reached with a training sample comprising merely ≈103sequences. Generalization to unseen test data is best when training data is sampled randomly and uniformly, or sampled to minimize the number of synonymous sequences. In contrast, sampling to maximize sequence diversity or codon usage bias reduces performance substantially. These observations hold for more than one network architecture. Simple sampling strategies may perform best when training deep learning neural networks to map fitness landscapes from experimental data.
Toward a unified theory of microbially-mediated invasion
Authors: Martignoni Maria M. , Garnier Jimmy , Tyson Rebecca C. , Harris Keith D. , Kolodny Oren 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiological invasions pose major ecological and economic threats, and extensive research has been dedicated to understanding and predicting their dynamics. Most studies focus on the biological invasion of single species, and only in recent years has it been realized that multi-species interactions that involve native and invasive host species and their microbial symbionts can play important roles in determining invasion outputs. A theoretical framework that treats these interactions and their impact is lacking. Here we offer such a framework and use it to explore possible dynamics that may emerge from the horizontal sharing of native and non-native microbial symbionts among native and non-native host individuals and species. Thus, for example, invasive plants might benefit from native mycorrhizal networks in the soil, or might be particularly successful if they carry with them parasites to which competing native hosts are susceptible. On the other hand, invasion might be hindered by native parasites that spread from native to invasive individuals. The mathematical framework that we lay out in this study provides a new mechanistic, cohesive, and intuition-enhancing tool for theoretically exploring the ways by which the subtleties of the relationships between hosts and microbes may affect invasion dynamics. We identify multiple pathways through which microbes can facilitate (or prevent) host invasion, microbial invasion, and the invasion of both hosts and their co-introduced microbes. We disentangle invasion outcomes and highlight modalities of ecological dynamics that have so far not been considered in invasion biology. Our work sets the foundations for invasion theory that includes a community-level view of invasive and native hosts as well as their microbial symbionts.
Sex-specific and Developmental Effects of Early Life Adversity on Stress Reactivity are Rescued by Postnatal Knockdown of 5-HT1AAutoreceptors
Authors: Dixon Rushell , Malave Lauren , Thompson Rory , Wu Serena , Li Yifei , Sadik Noah , Anacker Christoph 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTEarly Life Adversity (ELA) predisposes to stress hypersensitivity in adulthood, but neurobiological mechanisms that protect from the enduring effects of ELA are poorly understood. Serotonin 1A (5HT1A) autoreceptors in the raphé nuclei regulate adult stress vulnerability, but whether 5HT1Acould be targeted to prevent ELA effects on susceptibility to future stressors is unknown. Here, we exposed mice with postnatal knockdown of 5HT1Aautoreceptors to the limited bedding and nesting model of ELA from postnatal day (P)3-10 and tested behavioral, neuroendocrine, neurogenic, and neuroinflammatory responses to an acute swim stress in male and female mice in adolescence (P35) and in adulthood (P56). In females, ELA decreased raphé 5HT neuron activity in adulthood and increased passive coping with the acute swim stress, corticosterone levels, neuronal activity, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. ELA also reduced neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of the hippocampus, an important mediator of individual differences in stress susceptibility, and increased microglia activation in the PVN and vDG. These effects of ELA were specific to females and manifested predominantly in adulthood, but not earlier on in adolescence. Postnatal knockdown of 5HT1Aautoreceptors prevented these effects of ELA on 5HT neuron activity, stress reactivity, neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation in adult female mice. Our findings demonstrate that ELA induces long-lasting and sex-specific impairments in the serotonin system, stress reactivity, and vDG function, and identify 5HT1Aautoreceptors as potential targets to prevent these enduring effects of ELA.
Viral entry is a weak barrier to zoonosis
Authors: Dufloo Jérémy , Andreu-Moreno Iván , Valero-Rello Ana , Sanjuán Rafael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent advances in viral metagenomics have led to the discovery of many mammalian viruses, but experimental tests to determine whether they pose a threat to humans are largely lacking. A first step for a virus to cross the species barrier is to penetrate host cells. Here, we use gene synthesis and viral pseudotyping to experimentally test the ability of viral receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) from >100 enveloped RNA viruses to mediate entry into human cells. Analysis of thousands of RBP-cell pairs demonstrated such ability for most viruses, with significant variation among the 14 viral families studied. Comparison of RBP-mediated infectivity with cellular gene expression data showed that viral entry is often not limited by the presence of a receptor and revealed the contribution of additional host factors. Our results prove the weakness of interspecies barriers at the early stages of infection and identify molecular interactions that enable viral zoonosis.
OCT4 is expressed in extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cell progenitors during somatic cell reprogramming
Authors: Moauro Alexandra , Hickey Stephanie L. , Halbisen Michael A. , Parenti Anthony , Ralston Amy 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDuring development, progenitors of embryonic stem (ES) and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells are concomitantly specified within the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse blastocyst. Similarly, XEN cells are induced (iXEN cells) alongside induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells following overexpression ofOct4,Sox2,Klf4andMyc(OSKM) during somatic cell reprogramming. It is unclear how or why this cocktail produces both stem cell types, but OCT4 has been associated with non-pluripotent outcomes. In this report, we show that, during OSKM reprogramming, many individualOct4-GFP-expressing cells are fated to become iXEN cells. Interestingly, SKM alone was also sufficient to induce iXEN cell formation, likely via activation of endogenousOct4.These observations indicate that iXEN cell formation is not strictly an artifact ofOct4overexpression. Moreover, our results suggest that a pathway to XEN may be an integral feature of establishing pluripotency during reprogramming, as in early embryo development.
fNIRS Dataset During Complex Scene Analysis
Authors: Ning Matthew , Duwadi Sudan , Yücel Meryem A. , Lühmann Alexander Von , Boas David A. , Sen Kamal 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTWhen analyzing complex scenes, humans often focus their attention on an object at a particular spatial location. The ability to decode the attended spatial location would facilitate brain computer interfaces for complex scene analysis (CSA). Here, we investigated capability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to decode audio-visual spatial attention in the presence of competing stimuli from multiple locations. We targeted dorsal frontoparietal network including frontal eye field (FEF) and intra-parietal sulcus (IPS) as well as superior temporal gyrus/planum temporal (STG/PT). They all were shown in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to be activated by auditory, visual, or audio-visual spatial tasks. To date, fNIRS has not been applied to decode auditory and visual-spatial attention during CSA, and thus, no such dataset exists yet. This report provides an open-access fNIRS dataset that can be used to develop, test, and compare machine learning algorithms for classifying attended locations based on the fNIRS signals on a single trial basis.
Chaperone quality control in liquid-phase separated organelles
Authors: Scheidt Tom , Lemke Edward A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryMolecular chaperones, central to the cellular proteostasis network, play an essential role in preventing the formation and proliferation of harmful aggregates associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, for many intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which are prone to form such damaging deposits, the formation of nano-clusters and phase separation into organelles prior to aggregation have been observed. The impact of molecular chaperones on such assemblies, remains unclear. In our study, we concentrated on the family of small heat shock proteins (sHsps), which are typically dynamic and form large oligomeric structures. While sHsps are mainly structured/folded proteins, they can undergo transient multivalent interactions, like many IDPs. Thus, sHsps might be a suitable regulator for vital and ubiquitous formation of membrane-less organelles in eukaryotic cells rich in IDPs and to inhibit aberrant aggregation. Here we show, using microfluidic diffusional sizing, that the formation of nano-clusters of FUS, associated with neurodegenerative diseases can be inhibited by the presence of sHsps. Furthermore, we identify that, depending on their assembly state, sHsps are capable of targeting specifically the interface between the dense droplet phase and the dilute phase not only of FUS but also of TDP-43, likely because the interface is the primary starting point for fibril formation or protein aggregation in general. Our findings emphasise the impact of molecular chaperones on maintaining the homeostasis of IDPs in the dilute and condensed phase. This could help to understand how chaperone dysregulation can influence aberrant protein association.
Protean career orientation to turnover intentions: moderating roles of current organizational career growth and future organizational career growth prospect
Authors: Zhu Linna , Yang Hui , Gao Yong , Wang Qiong 
Published: January 2024

PurposeTargeting at the inconsistent relationship between protean career orientation and turnover intentions, this study aims to uncover when and why such inconsistency occurs. It emphasized the mediating role of organizational identification and moderating effects of current organizational career growth and future organizational career growth prospect.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a three-wave time-lagged study over seven months, with a sample of 1,012 participants from various occupations.FindingsThe relationship of protean career orientation to turnover intentions via organizational identification was negative when current organizational career growth was high, and it was positive when current growth was low. Future organizational career growth prospect weakened organizational identification–turnover intentions relationship. Those two moderators jointly influenced the indirect relationship. For employees low in both states, the positive indirect relationship was the most significant.Originality/valueBy integrating social identity theory and social cognitive theory, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of protean career orientation–turnover intentions relationship. It also enriches studies on protean career orientation and organizational identification–turnover intentions relationship.
Board effectiveness and corporate investment in emerging markets: evidence from the gulf cooperation council countries
Authors: Jafeel Adam Yahya , Chu Ei Yet , Abdalla Yousif Abdelbagi 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis study aims to empirically examine the impact of internal corporate governance mechanisms (ICGM) related to the size of the board, board composition, CEO duality and audit committee independence as a single metric on a firm’s investment decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis study attempts to develop an internal corporate governance quality index comprising 10 items under four main ICGMs – size and independence of the board, CEO duality and audit committee independence – employing panel data analysis to investigate its impact on the investment decisions in 301 nonfinancial firms listed in six emerging capital markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries for the years 2015–2020. Data were extracted from sample companies' websites, stock markets, annual reports and Refinitiv database.FindingsThis study provides convincing evidence that effective ICGMs minimize inefficient investment and ultimately boost investment efficiency. The findings remain consistent even after considering the potential endogeneity bias.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence on investment efficiency in the GCC region and emphasizes the importance of high-quality ICGMs in reducing inefficient investment. By examining the impact of ICGMs on investment inefficiencies, this study contributes to the corporate governance literature. The GCC region's unique economic and social contexts, with its growing economies, are considered to shed light on this issue.