bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of different subsets of antigen‐presenting cells selectively modulates DNA vaccine‐elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte responses
Authors: McKay Paul F. , Barouch Dan H. , Santra Sampa , Sumida Shawn M. , Jackson Shawn S. , Gorgone Darci A. , Lifton Michelle A. , Letvin Norman L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines may be limited by the availability of professional antigen‐presenting cells (APC) at the site of inoculation. Here we demonstrate that the types of APC recruited to the injection site can selectively modulate CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocyte responses elicited by an HIV‐1 Env DNA vaccine in mice. Coadministration of plasmid GM‐CSF with the DNA vaccine resulted in the recruitment of macrophages to the site of inoculation and specifically augmented vaccine‐elicited CD4+ T lymphocyte responses. In contrast, coadministration of plasmid MIP‐1α with the DNA vaccine resulted in the recruitment of dendritic cells to the injection site and enhanced vaccine‐elicited CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. Interestingly, coadministration of both plasmid GM‐CSF and plasmid MIP‐1α with the DNA vaccine recruited both macrophages and dendritic cells and led to a synergistic and sustained augmentation of CD4+and CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. These data demonstrate the critical importance of locally recruited professional APC in determining the magnitude and nature of immune responses elicited by plasmid DNA vaccines. Moreover, these studies show that different subsets of professional APC can selectively modulate DNA vaccine‐elicited T lymphocyte responses.
Mechanism of the Stepwise Dissociation of FeIII Complexes with Tripodal Ligands as Siderophore Models
Authors: Serratrice Guy , Biaso Frédéric , Thomas Fabrice , Béguin Claude 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe acid hydrolysis and formation kinetics of 1:1 ferric complexes with several tripodal hexadentate ligands were investigated over the [H+] range of 0.02−1.0 M at 25 °C and at an ionic strength of 2.0 M (NaClO4/HClO4). These ligands are based on a tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) spacer connected through a tris(amide) moiety to identical pendant bidentate chelating group arms such as catecholate (TRENCAMS, L3), 8‐hydroxyquinolinate (O‐TRENSOX, L0) or pyridinophenolate (TRENPYPOLS, L5). Mixed ligands with chelating arms such as catecholate and 8‐hydroxyquinolinate (TRENSOX2CAMS, L1 and TRENSOXCAMS2, L2) were also investigated. An analogue of L0 (C‐SOX, L4) with a C‐pivot scaffold instead of TREN was studied for comparison. The acid hydrolysis reaction was found to proceed in four kinetically distinguishable stages. A common mechanism in the series was followed when the ligand structure was varied. The first stage is very fast and can be attributed to the dissociation of one arm of the tripodal ligand. The second and third stages involve protonation of the complex which induces a change of coordination giving the corresponding tetracoordinated bis(salicylate) complex (coordination with carbonyl and o‐hydroxy oxygen atoms). The final dissociation of the ligand proceeds in the fourth stage by one or two kinetically detectable steps. For the last step an important structural effect may be observed from 1.2 × 10−5 to 2.2 × 10−2 s−1 for the proton‐independent step and from 1.2 × 10−6 to 0.18 M−1s−1 for the proton‐dependent step. Differences in the rates and mechanism between the different tripodal ligands are discussed in terms of the global electrostatic charge of the ligand and the donor ability of the chelating subunit. The C−N bond rotation of the amide moiety and the importance, depending on the charge, of the H‐bond network in the partially uncoordinated complexes have also been considered. The role of electrostatics in complex formation is discussed in relation to the Eigen‐Wilkins mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Structure, Electrochemistry and Hydroformylation Catalytic Activity of the Bis(pyrazolylborato)rhodium(I) Complexes [RhBp(CO)P] [P = P(NC4H4)3, PPh3, PCy3, P(C6H4OMe‐4)3]
Authors: Trzeciak Anna M. , Borak Beata , Ciunik Zbigniew , Ziółkowski Józef J. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractRhodium complexes of formula [RhBp(CO)P] [Bp = bis(pyrazolylborate), P = P(NC4H4)3 1, PPh3 2, PCy3 3, P(C6H4OMe‐4)3 4] have been prepared by exchange of the acetylacetonate (acac−) ligand in [Rh(acac)(CO)P] complexes. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties as well as X‐ray data of [Rh(acac)(CO)P] and [RhBp(CO)P] complexes have been compared with the aim to estimate the relative donor properties of both anionic ligands (acac− and Bp−). The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that the Bp− ligand behaves as a much stronger electron donor than acac− and a value of the Lever EL ligand parameter identical to that of the pyrazolate ligand (−0.24 V vs. NHE for each coordinating arm) is proposed for the bis‐ and tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands, whereas P(C6H4OMe‐4)3 is also shown to have an identical EL value (0.69 V) to that of P(NC4H4)3. An improved linear relationship between the oxidation potential and the sum of the ligand EL values for square‐planar RhI complexes is also obtained and adjusted values for the Lever SM and IM parameters for the RhI/RhII redox couple are given. The trans influence of phosphanes was not observed in crystals of complexes 2 and 3, in contrast to analogous acetylacetonato complexes in which the Rh−O bonds differ by ca. 0.04−0.06 Å. Complexes 1−4 are very attractive precursors for hydroformylation catalysts and yields of aldehydes of 80−87% have been obtained with all complexes without extra phosphane as co‐catalyst. During the hydroformylation reaction, however, small amounts of a catalytically inactive [RhBp(CO)2] complex were formed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Properties of Zn−Al Layered Double Hydroxides Containing Ferrocenecarboxylate Anions
Authors: Gago Sandra , Pillinger Martyn , Santos Teresa M. , Rocha João , Gonçalves Isabel S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractZn−Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated by ferrocenecarboxylate (FcCOO) and 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate [Fc(COO)2] anions have been prepared by co‐precipitation from aqueous solution. The Zn/Al ratio in the final materials was in the range of 1.8−1.9. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the material Zn2Al−Fc(COO)2 contains a monolayer of guest anions resulting in a basal spacing of 15.5 Å. The material Zn2Al−FcCOO exhibits a basal spacing of 20.0 Å, consistent with the formation of a bilayer of organometallic guest species. FTIR, FT Raman and 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy confirm the presence of structurally intact ferrocenecarboxylate and 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate anions. The nature of the Al centers in the samples was probed by 1‐ and 2‐D (triple‐quantum) 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and by measuring powder XRD patterns at increasing temperatures in the range of 25−450 °C. Up to 160 °C the materials lose interlayer water molecules. Dehydration of Zn2Al−Fc(COO)2 prompts reorientation of the ferrocene guest anions, resulting in the formation of a collapsed phase with an interlayer separation of 12.3 Å. The structural transformation is fully reversible upon hydration. Heat treatment of Zn2Al−FcCOO only resulted in a gradual contraction of the interlayer separation and not the formation of a collapsed phase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A New Family of Low‐Spin CoIII Bis(amidate) Complexes with Two cis or trans Cyanides
Authors: Rotthaus Olaf , LeRoy Sophie , Tomas Alain , Barkigia Kathleen M. , Artaud Isabelle 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFour low‐spin dicyanodicarboxamidocobalt(III) complexes have been prepared from N,N′‐bis(8‐quinolyl)malonamide derivatives, the malonyl fragment of which was either unsubstituted (Et4N)[Co(BQM)(CN)2] (3a), monosubstituted by a benzyl group (Et4N)[Co(mono‐BenzBQM)(CN)2] (3b), or disubstituted by two benzyl or two phenylethyl groups, (Et4N)[Co(di‐BenzBQM)(CN)2] (3c) and (Et4N)[Co(di‐PhEtBQM)(CN)2] (3d), respectively. The X‐ray crystal structures of 3a and 3c reveal that the tetradentate ligand adopts a helical or a planar configuration around the cobalt centre of 3a and 3c, respectively. Complexes 3a−3d were characterised in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy by 1D and 2D COSY H‐H techniques. The solid‐state structures of 3a and 3c are retained in solution, and complexes 3b and 3d adopt structures similar to 3a and 3c, respectively, showing that the level of the malonic substitution determines the configuration of the tetradentate ligand around the cobalt centre and forces the cyanide ligands to adopt either cis or trans orientations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
C−C Bond Variation in the 1‐Phenyl‐o‐carborane: Steric versus Electronic Effects
Authors: Glukhov Ivan V. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractUsing the “Atoms in molecules” topological theory the nature of the Ccarb−Ccarbbond variation in 1‐phenyl‐o‐carborane upon rotation of the phenyl ring was investigated within B3LYP/6‐31G** calculations. Despite the low barrier to the rotation of the phenyl ring, the bond paths linking hydrogen atoms of the phenyl ring and the ones of the carborane cage were found for all conformations. The length of the Ccarb−Ccarbbond increases by 0.031 Å without large energetic inputs due to back‐donation of the π‐density of the phenyl ring to the antibonding Ccarb−Ccarborbital. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Synthesis and Properties of Zn−Al Layered Double Hydroxides Containing Ferrocenecarboxylate Anions (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 7/2004)
Authors: Gago Sandra , Pillinger Martyn , Santos Teresa M. , Rocha João , Gonçalves Isabel S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows how removal of interlayer water from a Zn−Al layered double hydroxide pillared by 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate anions results in reorientation of the guest species and formation of a collapsed phase. Exposure of the collapsed phase to moist air leads to rapid recovery of the expanded phase. A material containing ferrocenecarboxylate anions has also been prepared and found to exhibit a basal spacing of 20.0 Å in the fully hydrated form, consistent with the presence of a bilayer of organometallic guest species. Details of the synthesis and characterization of these compounds are given in the article by M. Pillinger, I. S. Gonçalves et al. on p. 1389 ff.
Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor causes astrocytes to form cribriform structures
Authors: Liu Bin , Neufeld Arthur H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in reactive astrocytes following injury in the CNS. However, the effects of activation of the EGFR pathway in astrocytes are not well established. In the present study, we demonstrate that activation of EGFR causes optic nerve astrocytes, as well as brain astrocytes, to form cribriform structures with cavernous spaces. Formation of the cribriform structures is dependent on new protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Platelet‐derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were not effective. Smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells do not form cribriform structures in response to EGFR activation. The formation of the cribriform structures appears to be related to a guided migration of astrocytes and the expression of integrin β1 and extracellular fibronectin in response to activation of EGFR. The EGFR pathway may be a specific, signal transduction pathway that regulates reactive astrocytes to form cavernous spaces in the glial scars following CNS injury and in the compressed optic nerve in glaucomatous optic nerve neuropathy. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and function of the horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) cranium through ontogeny: Development of a hard prey specialist
Authors: Summers Adam P. , Ketcham Richard A. , Rowe Timothy 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe horn sharks (Heterodontidae: Chondrichthyes) represent one of four independent evolutions of durophagy in the cartilaginous fishes. We used high‐resolution computed tomography (CT scanning) to visualize and quantify the mineralized tissue of an ontogenetic series of horn sharks. CT scanning of neonatal through adult California horn sharks (Heterodontus francisci) confirmed that this technique is effective for examining mineralized tissue in even small (<10 mm) specimens. The jaw joint is among the first areas to become mineralized and is the most heavily mineralized area in the cranium of a neonatal horn shark. The hyoid is also well mineralized, although the poorly mineralized molariform teeth indicate that the neonatal animal may be a suction feeder on softer prey. The symphysis of the jaws never mineralizes, in sharp contrast to the condition in the hard prey‐crushing stingrays. Digitally reslicing the CT scans along the jaws allowed measurement of the second moment of area (Ina). Assuming that the jaws are made of the same material at all ages, Ina is an indicator of the flexural stiffness of the jaws. In all sizes of shark the lower jaws were stiffer than the upper and the stiffness increased in the area of the molariform teeth. The central region of the jaws, where the rami meet, support cuspidate grasping teeth and has the lowest Ina. The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), a hard prey‐crushing stingray, shows a different pattern of flexural stiffness, with the peak at the central part of the jaws where the prey is reduced between flattened tooth plates. Although the eagle ray jaws have a higher Ina than the horn shark, they are also far more heavily mineralized. When the relative amounts of mineralization are taken into account, horn sharks do better with what mineral they have than does the eagle ray. With a tight jaw joint and loose mandibular symphysis, as well as nearly opposite patterns of stiffness in the jaws, it is clear that two of the clades of hard prey specialists use very different methods for cracking the hard prey problem. J. Morphol. 260:1–12, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EGF‐R and PDGF‐R, but not bcl‐2, overexpression predict overall survival in patients with low‐grade astrocytomas
Authors: Varela Mirta , Ranuncolo Stella Maris , Morand Ana , Lastiri José , Joffé Elisa Bal De Kier , Puricelli Lydia Inés , Pallotta María Guadalupe 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTherapy of malignant glioma tumors is based on histology and clinical factors. However, comparable lesions may correspond with important prognostic differences. Our purpose was to analyze retrospectively the prognostic input of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGF‐R), epidermal growth factor (EGF‐R), and bcl‐2 expression in 103 malignant gliomas from uniformly treated patients.MethodsThe expression of the antigens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Prognostic evaluation was performed with the multivariate proportional hazards model. The follow‐up period lasted 19 (5–122) months for survivors.ResultsWe observed that almost 50% of gliomas showed high expression of PDGF‐R, while a lower expression of EGF‐R and bcl‐2 was found. No association between the main prognostic factors in malignant glioma (sex, age, histological grade, and Karnofsky score) and the labeling index (LI) of these antigens was observed. We found that only PDGF‐R and EGF‐R overexpression were associated with a shorter survival in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) II astrocytomas, being bothassociations independent of known prognostic factors, as shown by Cox model. Besides, we confirmed other authors' results that high histological grade and low performance score were associated with worse prognosis.ConclusionsPDGF‐R and EGF‐R expression could be relevant in determining the prognosis of low‐grade astrocytomas (LGAs) and in providing a more objective mechanism for their classification. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:34–40. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression pattern of UDP‐N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐galactosamine: polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyl transferase‐3 in early gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ishikawa Makoto , Kitayama Joji , Nariko Hiroshi , Kohno Kimitoshi , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTumor development usually is accompanied by alterations of O‐glycosylation. Initial glycosylation of mucin‐type O‐linked proteins is regulated by UDP‐N‐acetyl‐α‐d‐galactosamine: polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyl transferase‐3 (GalNAc‐T3). Although the expression of GalNAc‐T3 has been examined in various cancers, the expression has not been characterized in early stages of cancer.MethodsUsing the specific antibody, we evaluated the expression of GalNAc‐T3 in 125 early gastric cancers that were treated as classical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy, and analyzed the relationship between the expression of GalNAc‐T3 and clinicopathological features.ResultsGalNac‐T3 was positively expressed in 40 cases (76%) in differentiated carcinomas, whereas in only six cases (8%) in undifferentiated carcinomas (P < 0.001). Positive staining was observed in 17 (26%) intramucosal and in 29 (48%) submucosal carcinomas, indicating that GalNac‐T3 tended to be highly expressed as the depth of invasion increased (P < 0.05). Lymph node metastasis tended to be observed more frequently in GalNac‐T3 positive than negative cases, and the difference was significant in undifferentiated type cancer (P < 0.05).ConclusionsGalNAc‐T3 expression was a useful indicator of tumor differentiation in early gastric cancer, and the expression had positive correlation with depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. This suggests that the overexpression of GalNAc‐T3 may have a role in invasion and metastasis in early stages of gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:28–33. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An enhanced prediction of negative refraction from EBG‐like structures
Authors: Sudhakaran S. , Hao Y. , Parini C. G. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe negative refraction phenomenon in electromagnetic band gap (EBG)‐like structures is studied. It is found that the conventional “unit‐cell” approach for calculating bandgap properties is not sufficient for predicting negative refraction. In this paper, we present an analysis of EBG‐like structures using the “entire‐cell” concept in order to consider how spatial‐harmonics effects can enhance negative refraction prediction. The results obtained using numerical simulation show good agreement with the theory. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 258–261, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20110
A fully integrated dual‐band low‐noise amplifier for bluetooth and wireless LAN applications
Authors: Shouxian Mou , Jianguo Ma , Kiat Seng Yeo , Anh Do Manh 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA fully integrated dual‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) implemented in a standard 0.18‐μm 1P6M CMOS process is presented in this paper. The LNA draws 12‐mA current from a 1.5‐V voltage supply and achieves power gains of 25 and 10 dB, and noise figures of 3.6 and 4 dB at 2.4 and 5.6 GHz respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 297–301, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20121
Subharmonic injection‐locking balanced oscillator
Authors: Cheong Chee , Leong Joseph , Shen Zhongxiang 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA subharmonic injection‐locked balanced oscillator is presented in this paper. Subharmonic injection locking is preferred to fundamental injection locking, because the central injection point is a virtual short‐circuit at the fundamental frequency for a balanced oscillator. An analytical model is described to predict the locking range whereby power series are used to model the device's nonlinearity. An injection‐locked balanced oscillator is designed at 5.8 GHz and very good agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured locking ranges. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 306–309, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20124
Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS‐SSS‐C)
Authors: Yu Doris S.F. , Lee Diana T.F. , Woo Jean 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS‐C) in a sample of 110 patients. Criterion‐related and construct validities of the MOS‐SSS‐C were evaluated by correlations with the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Survey (r = .82) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r = −.58). Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed the four‐factor structure of the MOS‐SSS‐C in measuring the functional aspects of perceived social support. Cronbach's alphas for the subscales ranged from .93 to .96, whereas the alpha for the overall scale was .98. The 2‐week test–retest reliability of the MOS‐SSS‐C as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient was .84. The MOS‐SSS‐C is a psychometrically sound multidimensional measure for the evaluation of functional aspects of perceived social support by Chinese patients with chronic disease. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:135–143, 2004
Protein kinase A phosphorylation characterized by tandem Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Chalmers Michael J. , Håkansson Kristina , Johnson Robert , Smith Richard , Shen Jianwei , Emmett Mark R. , Marshall Alan G. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA microelectrospray ionization tandem Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT‐ICR MSn) approach for structural characterization of protein phosphorylation is described. Identification of proteolytic peptides is based solely upon mass measurement by high field (9.4 Tesla) FT‐ICR MS. The location of the modification within any phosphopeptide is then established by FT‐ICR MS2 and MS3 experiments. Structural information is maximized by use of electron capture dissociation (ECD) and/or infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD). The analytical utility of the method is demonstrated by characterization of protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. In a single FT‐ICR MS experiment, 30 PKA tryptic peptides (including three phosphopeptides) were mass measured by internal calibration to within an absolute mean error of |0.7 ppm|. The location of each of the three sites of phosphorylation was then determined by MS2 and MS3 experiments, in which ECD and IRMPD provide complementary peptide sequence information. In two out of three cases, electron irradiation of a phosphopeptide [M + nH]n+ ion produced an abundant charge‐reduced [M + nH](n−1)+• ion, but few sequence‐specific c and z• fragment ions. Subsequent IRMPD (MS3) of the charge‐reduced radical ion resulted in the detection of a large number of ECD‐type ion products (c and z ions), but no b or y type ions. The utility of activated ion ECD for the characterization of tryptic phosphopeptides was then demonstrated.