bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insilico analysis of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) for its Balya activity with special reference to Cachexia
Authors: Hiremath Vishala , Vedantam Giridhar , Sahu Tripura , Josephraj Peraira Jackulin 
Published: January 2024

Cachexia is a serious but under recognised consequence of many chronic diseases. The positive role of Ashwagandha in debility has been evaluated in several studies. But the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In the present study, network pharmacology is used to understand the molecular basis of its action. Methods: The phytoconstituents of Ashwagandha were screened from IMPPAT database and literature. The effective compounds were screened by drug likeness score and pharmacokinetic characteristics (ADMET). The target genes of effective compounds were predicted from BindingDB. The cachexia genes were found in gene-cards database, and cachexia related target genes were screened by comparison. Then the related pathways and correlation analysis were explored by the Genomes (KEGG) database. Finally, the networks of compound-target, target-pathway, and pathway-disease of Ashwagandha were constructed by Cytoscape software v3.7.2. Docking studies were carried out with PyRx software and analyzed in Biovia discovery studio visualizer. Results: The effective ingredients of Ashwagandha in cachexia were Withanolide S, Withanolide E, Withanolide D, Withasomniferol A and Beta sitosterol. The network analysis showed the highly modulating proteins were PTGS2, AR, PRKCB, JUN, TERT, NFE2L2, MDM2 and TNF which are related to cachexia and act on the pathways like MAPK signalling, MicroRNAs in cancer, cAMP signalling etc. The ligands and targets were retrieved from the PubChem, Protein Data Bank and docked using PyRx software. Conclusion: The present study is enabling to understand scientific evidence at the molecular level of balya action which has been proved clinically earlier.
Paleogeotectonic position of the Kyzyk Chadr porphyry copper ore field, Republic of Tyva
Authors: Starostin Ivan , Chernykh Aleksander , Girfanov Mikhail 
Published: January 2024

Regional-scale localization conditions of the Kyzyk-Chadr molybdenum-copper porphyry ore field in the southern folded frame of the Siberian Platform are considered. The porphyry mineralization of the field formed at the Salairian (Early Caledonian) phase of development of the Altai-Sayan segment of the
Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), in connection with small intrusions of the gabbro-diorite-granodioritegranite Kyzykchadr Complex (Є2–3). The formation of the ore-bearing complex was associated with an accretionalcollisional magmatic belt superimposed on a Vendian–Early Cambrian volcanic-sedimentary island-arc substrate. The complex is only known within the local Ozhu uplifted block with a “batholitic” massif of the gabbrotonalite-plagiogranite Tannu-Ola Complex (Є2), but it is suggested that there could existed some analogous accretional-collisional Cambrian intrusions productive for Mo-Cu porphyry mineralization in some other areas, that were later overlapped by Ordovician–Silurian and Early Devonian volcanosedimentary deposits or broken by
intrusive massifs of the Caledonian collisional volcano-plutonic belt. The rocks of the Salairian and Caledonian magmatic belts were deformed during subsequent geotectonic stages, primarily the Late Paleozoic collision, and overlain by younger sedimentary deposits. The position of economic-grade Mo and Mo-Cu porphyry deposits in the southern Altai-Sayan segment of the CAOB is assumed to be confined to areas of spatial superposition
(overlapping) of magmatic belts of the three geotectonic stages: 1) island-arc volcanic belts (V–Є1), 2) “batholithic” intrusions and small intrusions of the magmatic belt of the accretional-collisional stage (Є2–3), 3) the collisional volcano-plutonic belt (O–D1).
Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus Aureus in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and its Essential Role in the Pathogenicity of the Disease
Authors: Suhad Hassan Aubaid  , Ekhlas Saddam Falih  , Suhaib khalid Ibrahim  
Published: January 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune neurological disease of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the most important factors that lead to increased bacterial resistance to an antibacterial agent and also increase the severity of multiple sclerosis, is the capability of producing enterotoxins and biofilm.
Aim: To investigate the biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus and its correlation with multiple sclerosis severity.
Methods: one hundred nasal swab segments from "multiple" "sclerosis" patients and 100 from controls. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured on blood agar, nutrient agar, mannitol salt agar, biochemical tests, and biofilm assay tests were done.
Results: A case-control study including (81%) of MS patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity while only (12%) were colonized in controls, By using the crystal violet microtiter plate method, all Staphylococcus aureus isolates in multiple sclerosis patients can produce biofilm depending on cutoff point (0.171) that measured by ELISA technique, out of 81% isolates from multiple sclerosis patients there were 97.5%, strong biofilm producers, while only 2.5% of isolates were weak biofilm producers.
Conclusions: All isolates produce biofilm in high density correlated with increased antibiotic resistance of isolates and increase disease severity.
Bond Strength of Porcelain Fused to Casting and Selective Laser Base Metal Alloy with a Bonding Agent
Authors: Rafal Kareem Rasheed  , Nidhal Sahib Mansoor  
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess how different bonding agents affected the shear bond strength of a feldspathic ceramic fused with a cobalt-chromium alloy that was manufactured using two different techniques: lost wax and a 3D printer. Approach: A total of 40 disks of the cobalt-chromium alloy were made by using casting (Co–Cr) as the control group (n=20 specimens) and additive manufacture by selective laser melting. SLM from Co–Cr (n=20 specimens) the disks were airborne particles abraded with110 µm aluminum oxide particles, then two main groups separated into subgroups based on the type of bonding agent used (with and without addition). shear bond strength was used, before the SBS test the metal and ceramic interfaces were examined using test scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental makeup of the bonding agents was determined using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) test. The results of the SBS tests as well as the failure modes were noted. Data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (a = 0.05).
Result: Bond strength was much stronger in Co-Cr specimens with bonding agents than in Co-Cr specimens without bonding agents. The mass quantities of silicon (Si) and some titanium (Ti) on the surfaces of alloys varied depending on the production method and the presence of a bonding agent.
Conclusion: By use of a bonding agent on various Co-Cr metals improves bond strength with ceramics.
الإيحاء للمعنى والتعبير في تصميم الإعلان المطبوع
Authors: Ibrahim Hamdan Sabti  , Adra’a Ali Ahmed  
Published: January 2024

تناول البحث دراسة الإيحاء للمعنى والتعبير بوصفه موضوعاً مهماً يعمل في إشتغالات الإعلان لتحقيق أداء الوظيفي في إيصال الرسالة الاتصالية بطريقة فعّالة تحقق التأثير والاستجابة لدى المتلقي، إذ إن من مقاصد المصمم استعمال أي وسيلة تحقق أهدافه الاتصالية ومنها الإيحاء، وهو من الإشتغالات المهمة اذ يأخذ مساحة واسعة من ذهن المتلقي وتفاعله مع الإعلان ؛ ومن ثم التأثير فيه بعد ايصال فكرة الإعلان ؛ التي تم صياغتها بتخطيط مسبق على وفق استراتيجية معدة لهذا الغرض، فضلاً عن ضخه بالأفكاروالمعاني والتأويلات؛ وهذا يتم عن طريق إظهار العناصر المتمثلة بالصور والرموز والالوان والمادة الكتابية وغيرها من العناصر التيبوغرافيكية التي استعملت على وفق سياقات معينة بهدف تعزيز قيمتها الاتصالية؛ إذ إن الإيحاء للمعنى والتعبير يُعدّ من المؤثرات الفعّالة في ذهن المتلقي وتعزيز عملية الانتباه والوعي ومن ثم الادراك للهيئة الشكلية، فضلاً عن انها تعزز صفة الجذب والتشويق للإعلان .
تقدير انموذج انحدار لاسو الضبابي
Authors: Rawya Emad Kareem  , Mohammed Jasim Mohammed  
Published: January 2024

تقدير انموذج انحدار لاسو الضبابي عندما تعاني البيانات من مشكلة التعدد خطي لفشل استخدام طريقة المربعات الصغرى الضبابية في تقدير الانموذج عن طريقة استخدام نظرية المجموعة الضبابية باستخدام دالة مثلثية حيث ان انحدار لاسو الضبابي (Fuzzy Lasso regression) يعطي نتائج افضل من خلال مقارنة النتائج مع طريقة المربعات الصغرى الضبابية باستخدام معيار متوسط مربعات الخطأ MSE وقد اظهرت النتائج باستخدام المحاكاة ان طريقة انحدار لاسو الضبابي قد اعطى اقل MSE من طريقة المربعات الصغرى الضبابية في ظل وجود مشكلة التعدد الخطي في البيانات.
A new look into the impacts of dust radiative effects on the energetics of tropical easterly waves
Authors: Hosseinpour Farnaz , Wilcox Eric M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Saharan dust aerosols are often embedded in tropical easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves, and are transported thousands of kilometers across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, reaching the Caribbean Sea, Amazon Basin, and eastern USA. However, due to the complex climate dynamics of west Africa and the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, there is still a lack of understanding of how dust particles may influence the development of African easterly waves, which are coupled to deep convective systems over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and in some cases may seed the growth of tropical cyclones. Here we used 22 years of daily satellite observations and reanalysis data to explore the relationships between dust in the Saharan air layer and the development of African easterly waves. Our findings show that dust aerosols not merely are transported by the African easterly jet and the African easterly waves system across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, but also contribute to the changes in the eddy energetics of the African easterly waves. The efficiency of the dust radiative effect in the atmosphere is estimated to be a warming of approximately 20 W m−2 over the ocean and 35 W m−2 over land. This diabatic heating of dust aerosols in the Saharan air layer acts as an additional energy source to increase the growth of the waves. The enhanced diabatic heating of dust leads to an increase in meridional temperature gradients in the baroclinic zone, where eddies extract available potential energy from the mean flow and convert it to eddy kinetic energy. This suggests that diabatic heating of dust aerosols can increase the eddy kinetic energy of the African easterly waves and enhance the baroclinicity of the region. Our findings also show that dust outbreaks over the tropical Atlantic Ocean precede the development of baroclinic waves downstream of the African easterly jet, which suggests that the dust radiative effect has the capability to trigger the generation of the zonal and meridional transient eddies in the system comprising the African easterly jet and African easterly waves.
Toward generalized Milankovitch theory (GMT)
Authors: Ganopolski Andrey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In recent decades, numerous paleoclimate records and results of model simulations have provided strong support for the astronomical theory of Quaternary glacial cycles formulated in its modern form by Milutin Milankovitch. At the same time, new findings have revealed that the classical Milankovitch theory is unable to explain a number of important facts, such as the change in the dominant periodicity of glacial cycles from 41 to 100 kyr about 1 million years ago. This transition was also accompanied by an increase in the amplitude and asymmetry of the glacial cycles. Here, based on the results of a hierarchy of models and data analysis, a framework of the extended (generalized) version of the Milankovitch theory is presented. To illustrate the main elements of this theory, a simple conceptual model of glacial cycles was developed using the results of an Earth system model, CLIMBER-2. This conceptual model explicitly assumes the multistability of the climate–cryosphere system and the instability of the “supercritical” ice sheets. Using this model, it is shown that Quaternary glacial cycles can be successfully reproduced as the strongly nonlinear response of the Earth system to the orbital forcing, where 100 kyr cyclicity originates from the phase locking of the precession and obliquity-forced glacial cycles to the corresponding eccentricity cycle. The eccentricity influences glacial cycles solely through its amplitude modulation of the precession component of orbital forcing, while the long timescale of the late Quaternary glacial cycles is determined by the time required for ice sheets to reach their critical size. The postulates used to construct this conceptual model were justified using analysis of relevant physical and biogeochemical processes and feedbacks. In particular, the role of climate–ice sheet–carbon cycle feedback in shaping and globalization of glacial cycles is discussed. The reasons for the instability of the large northern ice sheets and the mechanisms of the Earth system escape from the “glacial trap” via a set of strongly nonlinear processes are presented. It is also shown that the transition from the 41 to the 100 kyr world about 1 million years ago can be explained by a gradual increase in the critical size of ice sheets, which in turn is related to the gradual removal of terrestrial sediments from the northern continents. The implications of this nonlinear paradigm for understanding Quaternary climate dynamics and the remaining knowledge gaps are finally discussed.
Relative importance of the mechanisms triggering the Eurasian ice sheet deglaciation in the GRISLI2.0 ice sheet model
Authors: van Aalderen Victor , Charbit Sylvie , Dumas Christophe , Quiquet Aurélien 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The last deglaciation (21 to 8 ka) of the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS) is thought to have been responsible for a sea level rise of about 20 m. While many studies have examined the timing and rate of the EIS retreat during this period, many questions remain about the key processes that triggered the EIS deglaciation 21 kyr ago. Due to its large marine-based parts in the Barents–Kara (BKIS) and British Isles sectors, the BKIS is often considered to be a potential analogue of the current West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS). Identifying the mechanisms that drove the EIS evolution might provide a better understanding of the processes at play in the West Antarctic destabilization. To investigate the relative impact of key drivers on the EIS destabilization, we used the three-dimensional ice sheet model GRISLI (GRenoble Ice Shelf and Land Ice) (version 2.0) forced by climatic fields from five Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phases 3 and 4 (PMIP3, PMIP4) Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulations. In this study, we performed sensitivity experiments to test the response of the simulated Eurasian ice sheets to surface climate, oceanic temperatures (and thus basal melting under floating ice tongues), and sea level perturbations. Our results highlight that the EIS retreat simulated with the GRISLI model is primarily triggered by atmospheric warming. Increased atmospheric temperatures further amplify the sensitivity of the ice sheets to sub-shelf melting. These results contradict those of previous modelling studies mentioning the central role of basal melting on the deglaciation of the marine-based Barents–Kara ice sheet. However, we argue that the differences with previous works are mainly related to differences in the methodology followed to generate the initial LGM ice sheet. Due to the strong sensitivity of EIS to the atmospheric forcing highlighted with the GRISLI model and the limited extent of the confined ice shelves during the LGM, we conclude by questioning the analogy between EIS and the current WAIS. However, because of the expected rise in atmospheric temperatures, the risk of hydrofracturing is increasing and could ultimately put the WAIS in a configuration similar to the past Eurasian ice sheet.
Proposal for a new meteotsunami intensity index
Authors: Lewis Clare , Smyth Tim , Neumann Jess , Cloke Hannah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Atmospherically generated coastal waves labelled as meteotsunami are known to cause destruction, injury, and fatality due to their rapid onset and unexpected nature. Unlike other coastal hazards such as tsunami, there exist no standardised means of quantifying this phenomenon, which is crucial to understand shoreline impacts and to enable researchers to establish a shared language and framework for meteotsunami analysis and comparison. In this study, we present a new five-level Lewis Meteotsunami Intensity Index (LMTI) trialled in the United Kingdom (UK) but designed for global applicability. A comprehensive dataset of meteotsunami events recorded in the UK was utilised, and the index's effectiveness was evaluated, with intensity level and spatial distribution of meteotsunami occurrence derived. Results revealed a predominant occurrence of Level 2 moderate intensity meteotsunami (69 %) in the UK, with distinct hotspots identified in south-western England and Scotland. Further trial implementation of the LMTI in a global capacity revealed its potential adaptability to other meteotsunami-prone regions, facilitating the comparison of events and promoting standardisation of assessment methodologies.
A Narrative Review on Quality Improvements for Radiology Clerkships from Medical Student
Authors: Chen Star , Kumaran Maruti 
Published: January 2024

Radiology clerkships have the potential to give medical students a better appreciation of a radiologist’s responsibilities toward patient care while raising interest and improving student confidence in diagnostic imaging skills. Unfortunately, many radiology clerkships across the US have developed a reputation for being unorganized and unengaging. This narrative review is focused on summarizing various clerkship practices performed across the US that have been well received by students, as well as specific weaknesses of the traditional clerkship format from the student perspective, with the aim of effective approaches to revamping electives to showcase the realities of the specialty while also attracting bright and motivated students. This narrative review examined 28 studies that gathered survey responses from medical students who completed radiology clerkships to determine their perceptions towards the clerkship. Major findings to be discussed in detail include weaknesses with the traditional format related to passive learning through observing, unclear expectations for medical students, and certain challenges that clerkship directors may face while attempting to implement changes to their clerkship. This narrative review will also discuss specific well-received practices involving more active learning, including interactive workstations, interactive simulators, flipped classrooms, case banks, and online learning modules.
Awareness Among Girl Healthcare Students Regarding Physiological Nature of Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Bipasha Barat  , Gadre Sandhya , Dube Madhulika 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Leucorrhoea also spelled leukorrhoea, as a flow of a whitish, yellow, or greenish discharge from the vagina of the female that may be normal or that may be a sign of infection. Commonly, physiological vaginal discharge is confused with being associated with some pathology. AIMS: The aim of this study was; to estimate the percentage of awareness about physiological nature of vaginal discharge in MBBS students; Paramedical students and Nursing students, to estimate the percentage of women experiencing vaginal white discharge, estimating the percentage of women/girls who consult doctors because of vaginal white discharge, advising women/ girls with pathological vaginal discharge for consultation.
METHODS: The present cross sectional study was done among female students from Medical, Paramedical and Nursing branch of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal. Total number of 246 female students were taken into the study. They were provided with a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, which was divided into sections of; Awareness, Evaluation, Practice and Knowledge. The answers given by the three groups were compared for studying awareness regarding physiological nature of vaginal discharge. Nature of vaginal discharge experienced by individual students was also evaluated. Comparison of Practices followed by the students in daily life was also done. Knowledge regarding vaginal discharge was studied.
RESULTS: Students were scored on basis of their answer in knowledge and awareness; each correct answer awarded 1 point and incorrect answer awarded 0. Unpaired t Test for comparing the Awareness Scores shows significant inter-group variation in awareness. Medical students had significantly higher awareness about vaginal discharge as compared to the other two groups. Further, Awareness of the paramedical group was higher than the nursing group. Overall responses within each group were however homogenous, representing comparable intra-group awareness about vaginal discharge. Similar findings were seen for knowledge scoring.
CONCLUSION: It was found that Awareness & knowledge regarding physiological vaginal white discharge is highest in medical students followed by paramedical & nursing students. Nursing students consult doctors the most, medical students consult the least. But the positive and negative attitude towards the discharge is homogeneous in all the groups. A small portion of medical students had never experienced vaginal discharge.
Treatment of Produced Water Using Microalgae
Authors: Farhat Masouda , Abdussalam Mahmoud , Mohamed Hisham , Abdullah Taha 
Published: January 2024

Produced water is one of the key attractions in the oil fields, where formation water rises to the surface along with the crude oil and is then separated to prevent many problems that may arise during transportation. Nevertheless, the created water is occasionally injected into a man-made lake inside the fields. The sands, creatures, vegetation, and formation water are all contaminated by the lake's water. Because produced water contains minerals and inorganic salts, effective treatment of this water is crucial. This study was conducted to examine how treating produced water with organic elements like freshwater algae affected the amount of salts in the formation water. Two types of freshwater algae namely: Oedogonium algae , Zygnema algae, were used.
Electrical Conductivity (E.C), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity were measured before and after the treatment at different times intervals ( on day one, the fourth day, and the seventh day). The results showed that Oedogonium algae have positive effects on the first day, whereas TDS decreased from 5364 mg/l to 1381 mg/l, pH changed from 7.13 to 8.7, E.C decreased from 10.95 ms/cm to 2.818 ms/cm, and salinity decreased from 6.2 ppt to 1.6 ppt. The treated produced water was used for irrigation of plants and as a drinking water for animals without any detrimental effects.