bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Netherlands Responding to Abuse-Compassion or Control?
Authors: Roelofs Marian A S , Baartman Herman E M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we describe the child abuse and neglect reporting system and the methods of intervention used in the Netherlands. First we discuss some recent developments concerning public awareness of child abuse and neglect. To make these developments understandable we have to place them in a historical context that illustrates how the attention paid to child abuse since the beginning of the 1970s relates to a tradition of child protection, which goes back to the turn of the century. Second we discuss the meaning of the concept of child maltreatment, especially with regard to its judicial implications. Third the Dutch system of reporting cases of child abuse and, more specifically, the Dutch Confidential Doctor Offices (Bureau Vertrouwensarts) and their strategies are described. Fourth we describe some recent trends in reporting child abuse and in the policy of placements. Finally some current dilemmas with regard to child abuse policies are discussed.
Occupational Risk
Authors: Liles W Conrad , Stamm Waltere. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The risk of acquisition of HIV by health care workers who sustain a needlestick injury or similar percutaneous injury involving HIV-infected blood is currently estimated to be approximately 0.3 percent. Thus, the magnitude of risk of acquiring HIV from a discrete percutaneous exposure is less than the risks associated with exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). With HBV, the infection rate ranges from 5 percent following exposure to an HBV e-antigen-negative source to 43 percent following exposure to an HBV e-antigen-positive source; with HCV, the rates range from 1 to 3 percent.
Psychoanalysis, Memory, And Trauma
Authors: Galatzer-Levy Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the hot Vienna summer of 1882 physician Josef Breuer observed his young patient, Anna O.: ‘‘ She would take up the glass of water she longed for, but as soon as it touched her lips she would push it away. This had lasted for some six weeks, when one day during hypnosis she grumbled about her English lady-companion whom she did not care for, and went on to describe, with every sign of disgust, how she had once gone into that lady’s room and how her little dog-horrid creature!-had drunk out of a glass there. The patient had said nothing, as she had wanted to be polite. After giving further energetic expression to the anger she had held back, she asked for something to drink, drank a large quantity of water without any difficulty and woke from her hypnosis with the glass at her lips; and thereupon the disturbance vanished, never to return” (pp. 34-35). Breuer and Freud observed that when hysterical patients remembered, with affect, the circumstances in which a symptom arose, that symptom disappeared. Thus began the study of the relationship between bad events, memory, and symptoms.
Memory And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Golier Julia A , Yehuda Rachel , Southwick Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will focus on the memories of those who have endured traumatic events as adults, particularly those who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a relatively new diagnostic category that incorporates symptoms resulting from exposure to life-threatening events. Many of these symptoms are related to memory. For example, the re-experiencing symptom cluster is defined by the persistence of traumatic memories in forms that are distressing and sometimes distorted, such as intrusive thoughts, nightmares, or dissociative flashbacks. Paradoxically, in addition to persistent and intrusive memories, survivors often complain of an inability to recall important aspects of their traumatic experience, a phenomenon formerly called ‘‘psychogenic amnesia.’’ Additionally, individuals with PTSD also suffer from other symptoms related to memory such as poor concentration and impaired attention.
The Fox Runs as Long as He Has Feet
Authors: Ingle H Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In April 1683 one of George Fox’s female disciples, visiting London from Cambridge, came to see her leader. Ann Docwra had heard from a hypercritical relative that Fox lived as well as any knight in England, was as big as two or three, and spent his time dozing, in a near stupor from liquor and brandies. She found a big man, true, taller than the average, big boned, his face rounded, a bit on the fat side, but not incapacitated, either by liquor or languor. When she approached, he was dining, his fare this day a piece of salty beef the size of a man’s hand, his drink a beer flavored with wormwood, a bitter aniselike herb. Docwra declined an invitation to eat—she did not care for the food—though her host, she understood, ate it regularly. He moved stiffly, and his hands and fingers were so puffy he could not write. Fox, feeling her critical eye, told her that she should not look to him but to the light and grace of God in her own heart by which she would see the truth and its enemies. Docwra left impressed.
One Voice and Many Legs: Oedipus and the Riddle of the Sphinx
Authors: Rokem Freddie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the third book of The Library, Apollodorus relates how, after the burial of Laius, Creon, his brother-in-law, took over the rule of Thebes. During his reign, however, a great calamity in the form of a Sphinx befell the city. This hybrid creature sent by Hera “had the face of a woman, the breast and feet and tail of a lion, and the wings of a bird,” and “having learned a riddle from the Muses she sat on Mount Phicium, and propounded it to the Thebans.” The oracle declared that as long as they couldnot answer its riddle, the Sphinx would snatch away different individuals from the city and “gobble” them up.
“We Let the Women Do the Talking”: Bab’i Bunty and the Anatomy of Peasant Revolt
Authors: Viola Lynne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bab’ i bunty were a specific type of peasant riot. They were the most prominent symptom of March fever and best exemplified the forms and rituals of peasant rebellion during collectivization. The term bab’i bunty may be translated literally as “women’s riots,” yet this translation does not begin to do justice to its specific cultural and historical evocations. Babii (singular adjective) is a colloquial expression for women that refers in particular to country women with country ways. The baba (singular noun) is most often perceived as illiterate, ignorant (in the broader sense of nekul’turnaia), superstitious, a rumor-monger, and, in general, given to irrational outbursts of hysteria.
Prospects for Fair Reform
Authors: Daniels Norman , Light Donald W , Caplan Ronald L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Applying the benchmarks of fairness to current changes in our health care system, as we did in chapter 6, yields the provisional judgment that our system is becoming less fair in important ways. This judgment is provisional because the evidence about these trends is incomplete and because the time period during which the trends were assessed is so short. A larger question is raised, however, by the scope and speed of the trends we surveyed, especially the rapid expansion of managed care and the corporatization of larger sectors of our health care system. These trends fundamentally alter the organization of our delivery system. Perhaps more important, they change in basic ways the culture that has pervaded our delivery system throughout this century. Will these trends and the changes they produce in the attitudes and values of those who organize and deliver health care make the system harder to reform fairly in the long run? Will reform that would score highly on our ten benchmarks be more difficult to achieve?
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Ripamonti Carla , Rodriguez Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders can be defined as abnormalities in smooth muscle contraction secondary to neural, humoral, and myogenic dysfunction.
There are many symptoms associated with impaired GI motility. They include pyrosis, chest pain, dysphagia, regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, bloating, abdominal distention, constipation, diarrhea, and halitosis. Among these symptoms, only a few are organ specific (i.e., dysphagia and fecal incontinence). Table 4.1 shows the frequency of some of the symptoms reported by patients with GI motility disorders.
Intraindividual Variability in Opioid Response: A Role for Sequential Opioid Trials in Patient Care
Authors: Watanabe Sharon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intraindividual variability in response to different opioids, or to the same opioid over time, is a commonly appreciated clinical phenomenon. Variability may be manifested in the relative intensity of analgesic and nonanalgesic effects, and in the spectrum of nonanalgesic effects experienced. Recent literature has suggested a role for sequential opioid trials when the balance between analgesia and adverse effects is unfavorable. This chapter will review the evidence for the existence of this phenomenon, the possible underlying mechanisms, and implications for clinical practice.
Families in Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Davies Betit , Steele Rose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Family-centered care is a basic tenet of palliative care philosophy. Hospice care recognizes that terminally ill patients are not isolated, but exist within the family system. In pediatrics, the focus on families becomes even more critical. The child’s illness affects the whole family, and in turn, the family’s responses have their impact on the child. In addition, because of the child’s dependency, the family becomes a partner in care more so than in adult palliative care-pediatric palliative care involves the child-family unit in all aspects of care and decision making.
Bach
Authors: Steinberg Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bach wrote these works about 1720, and presumably led and took part in their first performances at the court of Cothen soon after their composition. They were almost certainly introduced singly, not as a set. Bach played the harpsichord in the Concerto No. 5, and probably played violin in the first four concertos and viola in No. 6. The scoring is discussed in the notes on the individual works. When Bach assumed the post of Capellmeister to His Most Serene Highness Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Cothen, in 1717, he made that move in the hope of spending the rest of his life there. The court was Calvinist and thus required no church music, and Bach enjoyed the change of not being primarily an organist and the challenge of providing great quantities of solo, chamber, and orchestral music. His new patron, just twenty-three, loved music and played the violin, the viola da gamba, and keyboards skillfully. But the idyll was spoiled when Bach’s wife died suddenly in the summer of 1720, and the next year the professional scene darkened when the prince married. His musical interests, Bach recalled later, became “somewhat lukewarm, the more so since the new Princess seemed to be alien to the muses.” In fact the Amusa, as Bach called her, soon died, and Leopold’s second wife was a sympathetic and sensitive patron, but by then Bach was restless and determined to leave.
Brahms
Authors: Steinberg Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using some material that goes back to 1854 and was originally intended for other purposes and designs, Brahms completed his Piano Concerto No. 1 early in 1858, but continued to tinker with details of the first movement even after the first performances. With Joseph Joachim conducting the Hanover Court Orchestra, where he had a royal appointment as concertmaster, Brahms played a reading rehearsal on 30 March 1858 and gave the first public performance with the same partners on 22 January 1859. No one should be deprived of the pleasure of knowing that the first performance in England (apparently an excellent one) was by a Miss Baglehole (first name not given).
Rachmaninoff
Authors: Steinberg Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff was born at Semyonovo, district of Starorusky, Russia, on 1 April 1873 and died in Beverly Hills, California, on 28 March 1943. Using some material that goes back to the early 1890s, Rachmaninoff wrote the second and third movements of this Concerto in the fall of 1900 and performed them in Moscow on 15 December that year; his teacher and first cousin, Alexander Siloti, conducted. Rachmaninoff completed the first movement on 4 May 1901 and was soloist at the first complete performance on 9 November that year, again in Moscow and again with Siloti on the podium. The score is dedicated to Dr. Nikolai Dahl. Prokofiev began the Piano Concerto No. 2 in the winter of 1912-1913, completing it in April 1913, while still a student at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.
Shostakovich
Authors: Steinberg Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shostakovich wrote this Concerto in 1959. Mstislav Rostropovich received his copy on 2 August, learned and memorized the work in four days, played it for the composer at his dacha on 6 August with the pianist Alexander Dedyukhin, and gave the first performance on 4 October, with Yevgeny Mravinsky conducting the Leningrad Philharmonic. The concerto is dedicated to Rostropovich. The Cello Concerto No. 1-Shostakovich wrote another, also for Rostropovich, in 1966-comes from one of the calmer periods in this much-buffeted composer’s life. Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization campaign was in full swing; it Sessions began the first movement of his Violin Concerto in 1930 in Rome, continuing the following year at Lutjenberg, a resort on the Baltic Sea, and in Berlin and Hamburg. He wrote the second and third movements over the next two years, for the most part in Berlin, though he finished the third movement in Massachusetts. Sessions wrote the finale in San Francisco in the summer of 1935 and the score is dated “San Francisco, Calif., August 1935”; however, the orchestration was not completed until the fall of that year, in New York.
Functionalism Cognitive Science or Science Fiction?
Authors: Putnam Hilary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is an ancient form of “functionalism”-so Martha Nussbaum and I have argued-that can be found in Aristotle’s De Anima. This is the view that our psyches can best be viewed not as material or immaterial organs or things but as capacities and functions and ways we are organized to function. In that wide sense of the term, I am still a functionalist. In this chapter, however, I will be considering a contemporary rather than an ancient way of specifying what it is to be a functionalist, one I myself introduced in a series of papers beginning in 1960.
Metasubjective Processes The Missing Lingua Franca of Cognitive Science
Authors: Pascual-Leone Juan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cognitive science has brought with it a keen awareness of the difference between process and performance in humans, and forced recognition that high cognitive functions in humans (thinking, problem solving, intelligence, creativity, etc.) are not reducible to perceptual/motor or learning processes. Human performance, objective as much as subjective, is often construed by cognitive science as caused by brain processes that can be properly modeled by logico-mathematical means (computer programs, neuronal-connectionist instantiations, etc.); or, in a more idealist Galilean epistemology, as processes that literally are logico-mathematical and rulegoverned (i.e., formally equivalent to computer programs, connectionist networks, or complex electronic machines). This latter claim, often called the hard cognitive science (computer-reductionist) assumption, does literally construe humans as biological computing machines; this is the position against which I argue and for which I offer a methodological remedy.
Language from an lnternalist Perspective
Authors: Chomsky Noam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These remarks have a narrow and a broader concern. The specific focus is the character and scope of an approach to language that arguably underlies much current empirical work, and some questions about its status. The broader concern, which I will mention only briefly and inadequately, has to do with what lies beyond. Many questions remain untouched, but it is not clear that they are amenable to theoretical inquiry in any terms, at least for now. Perhaps they are of the kind that can be raised, but without serious intent, such as: “Why do things happen the way they do?,” or “How do things work?”-pseudo-questions, to be understood only as indicating areas that one might want to explore, not as requests for a specific answer.
The Cognitive Revolution from an Ecological Point of View
Authors: Reed Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within psychology, the so-called cognitive revolution was spearheaded by the information-processing approach. This approach to psychology emerged in the wake of World War II developments in the engineering theory of information and control. Human beings were conceived of as special elements in communication and control systems (Broadbent, 1958; Leahey, 1992), elements that receive, process, and transmit information, sometimes acting to change the control parameters of the system within which they are embedded.
Geometric Approaches to the Nexus of Time, Space, and Microprocess: Implementing a Practical Model for Mundane Socio-Spatial Systems
Authors: Forer Pip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nomenclature in the area of spatio-temporal reasoning has historically been very confused. In this chapter, time-space is taken to mean space defined by travel times between points (after Janelle, 1968); space-time means a conceptualization of space (i.e., separation) and time as part of a 3- or 4-D continuum-in the manner but not in the terms of Hiigerstrand and co-workers in the Lund School who originally also used the term time-space for this very different purpose (Hiigerstrand, 1970, Carlstein et al., 1978); an event is an occurrence in space-time in between zero and four dimensions and; space is taken to mean a comprehensive set of inter-point separations (distances) defined for a spatial sys tem but not conforming to a continuous metric in a small number of dimensions. In the fields of time geography and geographic information systems (GISs) there are several approaches to modeling time. The appropriate syntax for de scribing and querying events within a relational database format has attracted much concern, major aspects of which are listed in Al-Taha et al. (1994). This body of work, with its acknowledgment of space, has complemented a wider search for embodying time queries in a non-spatial context (e.g., Ahn, 1990; Kim et al., 1990; Snodgrass, 1992). On a broad scale, the significance for GIS of relational or object-oriented database management systems (DBMS) with time functionality has not been lost, whether for managing audit trails of frequently changing coverage themes, for extending Boolean analyses to patterns of change, or for evolving better models of process.
A Representational Framework for Geographic Modeling
Authors: Smyth C Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geographic modeling is the representation of complete spatio-temporal environments in geographic space and time. A geographic model is a realistic abstraction of all or part of the physical world or some part of the built or altered environment that can be manipulated to analyze the past, define the present, and to con sider possibilities of the future. All geographic models contain or relate to the same entity: the planet Earth as conceived of by the human mind. As a consequence, there are many similarities between models. A theory of geographic modeling must clearly define these common structures, while providing for the specialized needs of individual geo graphic modeling applications.
Temporal Dynamics and Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Stead Stephen D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A temporal geographic information system (TGIS) can be characterized as “a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming, and displaying spatially and temporally referenced data from the real world for a particular set of purposes” (after Burrough, 1986, p. 6). Time can be visualized as a set of time lines. A time line is a single ordered line of time along which temporal extent of data values may be plotted, where a value can only exist in one state at any one time: the line may not go back and overlap itself. (Langran and Chris man, 1988) The real world operates along one such time line. A computer system’s knowledge of the real world operates along another line. This is often called system time. Alternative scenarios are simulations of a real world given a set of inputs that are hypothetical. Each operate along their own individual time line. They can be used to model possible futures, for instance, the results of a planning decision, or to test alternative explanations of the past. This can be of great power when considering the links between natural and person-made phenomenon, for instance, climate and settlement patterns or river courses and the placement of defensive works.
Alcoholism in America:Extent, Diagnosis, Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Nathan Peter E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How Many Americans Suffer from Alcohol-Related Disorders? Between 5 and 7 percent of the U.S. population, or between 14 million and 16 million people, meet DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence (NIAAA, 1993). Annual per capita alcohol consumption in America has remained generally steady over the past 150 years, with two exceptions: during the 14 years of Prohibition from 1919 to 1933 and since about 1960, which first saw a rise in alcohol consumption and then a fall. Rates of alcohol abuse and dependence have probably remained steady over the same time span (Horgan, 1993).
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders as a Loss of the Meaning of Life
Authors: Magomed-Eminov Madrudin S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
War never ends for those who have suffered through it. Those who committed the atrocities of death and destruction, those who witnessed them, and those who suffered at the hands of their enemies are sentenced to a life of recurring memories from which they cannot escape. For these multiple victims, the psychic war continues long after they have returned from the battlefield, their towns have been rebuilt, and their respective governments have resumed trade and promoted tourism. The psychological sequelae of war and other traumatic events show a distinct pattern of symptoms that are known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The approach that has been used in the laboratories and clinical settings in the former Soviet countries is to understand the aftermath of traumatic events as an existential crisis.
Gerontological Psychology: The Western Perspective
Authors: Salthouse Timothy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The material to be discussed in this chapter is necessarily selective because gerontological psychology is far too large a topic to provide comprehensive coverage of the field within a single chapter. I have nevertheless attempted to maximize the breadth of the coverage by relying on articles published in one of the major journals in the field, Psychology and Aging, during the last four years to help identify major topics for inclusion. The coverage is still selective because some areas (e.g., death and dying) are not well represented in that journal and also because my lack of familiarity with some areas that are published in the journal may mean that I have not fully appreciated the significance of a given topic.