bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erectile Dysfunction is a Marker for Cardiovascular Disease: Results of the Minority Health Institute Expert Advisory Panel
Authors: Billups Kevin L , Bank Alan J , Padma-Nathan Harin , Katz Stuart , Williams Richard 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cardiovascular disease and its related comorbidities are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and affect a disproportionately large number of African Americans and Hispanics. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increasing worldwide, which underscores the urgency to improve methods of prevention and early detection.

Aim
To develop a risk assessment and management algorithm for primary care patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) that facilitates diagnosis, early intervention, and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Methods
The Minority Health Institute (MHI) convened an Expert Advisory Panel of cardiologists and urologists to design a new practice model algorithm that uses ED as a clinical tool for early identification of men with systemic vascular disease. A draft of the algorithm was presented at a national symposium and comments from symposium participants were considered in the development of the final algorithm.

Main Outcome Measures and Results
Erectile dysfunction is common and has long been considered a secondary complication of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, a growing body of evidence challenges this view, suggesting instead that ED is an early manifestation of atherosclerosis and a precursor to systemic vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is the etiologic factor linking ED and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
The recognition of ED as an early sign of systemic cardiovascular disease offers an opportunity for prevention, particularly in high-risk and underserved minority populations. The MHI algorithm stipulates that all men 25 years old and older regardless of sexual dysfunction complaints should be asked about ED. The presence of ED should prompt an aggressive assessment for cardiovascular risk and occult systemic vascular disease.
A Nitric Oxide-Releasing PDE5 Inhibitor Relaxes Human Corpus Cavernosum in the Absence of Endogenous Nitric Oxide
Authors: Kalsi Jasjit S. , Ralph David J. , Thomas Phil , Bellringer James , Minhas Suks , Kell Phil D. , Cellek Selim 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In conditions with severe deficiency of endogenous nitric oxide (NO), such as long-term diabetes and cavernosal nerve injury, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have reduced efficacy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. NO-releasing PDE5 inhibitors could be an alternative therapeutic approach in such cases.

Aim
We therefore aimed to compare sildenafil and NO-releasing sildenafil (NCX-911) in relaxing human corpus cavernosum in the absence or presence of endogenous NO.

Methods
The two compounds were compared in reducing the phenylephrine-induced tone of human corpus cavernosum in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of NO synthase (L-NAME; 500 µM) or an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (ODQ, 10 µM).

Results
NCX-911 was as potent as sildenafil in control conditions (EC50 = 733.1 ± 94.4 nM and 800.7 ± 155.8 nM, respectively). The potency of NCX-911 was not altered but that of sildenafil decreased significantly in the presence of L-NAME (EC50 = 980.4 ± 106.7 nM and 2446.7 ± 256.8 nM, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 for sildenafil vs. control). Both compounds below 1 µM failed to induce relaxation in the presence of ODQ (EC50 = 6578 ± 1150 nM and 6488 ± 938 nM for NCX-911 and sildenafil, respectively).

Conclusion
These results show that the potency of NCX-911 was maintained unlike sildenafil in the absence of endogenous NO confirming the potential use of NO-releasing PDE5 inhibitors in NO-deficient conditions.
The Labial Photoplethysmograph: A New Instrument for Assessing Genital Hemodynamic Changes in Women
Authors: Prause Nicole , Cerny Jerome , Janssen Erick 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTAimThe labial photoplethysmograph (LP), a new measure for assessing genital responses in women, was compared to the vaginal photoplethysmograph (VP).MethodsFifteen women wore both devices simultaneously while viewing neutral, sexual, sexually-threatening, and threatening film clips.ResultsThe LP and VP exhibited comparable specificity to sexual stimuli. Additionally, the LP demonstrated greater resistance to movement artifacts and a slightly higher correspondence with subjective measures of sexual arousal.ConclusionThe LP, while somewhat more difficult to place and less comfortable than the VP, is a promising new measure of genital response in women that warrants further development.
Development and Validation of a Five-Factor Sexual Satisfaction and Distress Scale for Women: The Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W)
Authors: Meston Cindy , Trapnell Paul 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This article presents data based on the responses of over 800 women who contributed to the development of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W).

Aim
The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive, multifaceted, valid, and reliable self-report measure of women's sexual satisfaction and distress.

Methods
Phase I involved the initial selection of items based on past literature and on interviews of women diagnosed with sexual dysfunction and an exploratory factor analysis. Phase II involved an additional administration of the questionnaire, factor analyses, and refinement of the questionnaire items. Phase III involved administration of the final questionnaire to a sample of women with clinically diagnosed sexual dysfunction and controls.

Results
Psychometric evaluation of the SSS-W conducted in a sample of women meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for female sexual dysfunction and in a control sample provided preliminary evidence of reliability and validity. The ability of the SSS-W to discriminate between sexually functional and dysfunctional women was demonstrated for each of the SSS-W domain scores and total score.

Conclusion
The SSS-W is a brief, 30-item measure of sexual satisfaction and sexual distress, composed of five domains supported by factor analyses: contentment, communication, compatibility, relational concern, and personal concern. It exhibits sound psychometric properties and has a demonstrated ability to discriminate between clinical and nonclinical samples.
Sildenafil Citrate Response Correlates with the Nature and the Severity of Penile Vascular Insufficiency
Authors: Mulhall John , Barnas Jennifer , Aviv Nadid , Anderson Matthew , Parker Marilyn 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sildenafil citrate is a highly effective erectogenic agent. However, predicting which patients will respond to this agent is often difficult. While the patient response to this agent is dependent on the nitric oxide–guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate cascade, the integrity of penile arterial flow and venocclusive mechanism is also important. Duplex Doppler penile ultrasonography can reliably document penile hemodynamics. This study aimed at defining response rates based on degree of penile vascular sufficiency.

Methods
This study enrolled patients who met strict criteria for sildenafil citrate response who had also undergone penile ultrasound. Correlation was drawn between the nature and the severity of the vascular insufficiency and the response rate to sildenafil citrate.

Results
The distribution of vascular diagnoses was arteriogenic 64%, venogenic 6%, mixed vascular insufficiency 18%, and normal 12%. The best response was seen in those men with normal vascular studies, 80% responding. Fifty-three percent of all men with any abnormality on penile ultrasound responded; 65% of men with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), 25% of patients with venogenic ED, and 6% of men with a mixed vascular insufficiency were responders. There was a correlation between the degree of vascular impairment and the response rate. All men with venogenic ED who responded had mild leak.

Conclusion
These data demonstrate a correlation between the nature and severity of penile vascular disease and the ability to respond to sildenafil citrate. These data may be useful to the sexual medicine practitioner when counseling patients regarding oral erectogenic therapy.
On-Demand SSRI Treatment of Premature Ejaculation: Pharmacodynamic Limitations for Relevant Ejaculation Delay and Consequent Solutions
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Schweitzer Dave H. , Olivier Berend 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recently, the idea has emerged that on-demand use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly short half-life, should be equally effective in delaying ejaculation as daily SSRI treatment of premature ejaculation.

Aim
To provide evidence that SSRI-induced ejaculation delay is mainly dependent on pharmacodynamic properties of the drug and hardly on pharmacokinetic factors, and that combined SSRI administration with specific 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonism leads acutely to stronger ejaculation delay than acute SSRI monoadministration.

Methods
We performed a detailed analysis of serotonin neurotransmission and reviewed animal studies with 5-HT1A receptor antagonists. In addition, we critically reviewed existing on-demand SSRI treatments publications and the current debate on a definition of premature ejaculation.

Main Outcome Measures
Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT).

Results
Acute SSRI administration leads to only a mild or no increase of 5-HT neurotransmission and concomitant stimulation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. Existing on-demand SSRI treatment studies suffer from methodological insufficiencies, and the reported high-fold increases of ejaculation time contradict with neuropharmacological insights from serotonin metabolism. Animal studies show that SSRI coadministration with 5-HT1A receptor antagonists significantly increases the ejaculation time acutely compared to acute SSRI monoadministration.

Conclusion
On-demand SSRI treatment has less ejaculation-delaying effects than daily SSRI treatment. SSRIs with a short half-life are likely leading to much less ejaculation delay than current registered SSRIs. Combined use of SSRIs with 5-HT1A receptor antagonists increases the likelihood of clinically relevant ejaculation delay after on-demand treatment. On-demand SSRIs with short half-life that insufficiently delay ejaculation in men with IELTs less than 1 minute should be called ejaculation-delaying drugs rather than drugs against premature ejaculation.
A Surgical Algorithm for Men with Combined Peyronie's Disease and Erectile Dysfunction: Functional and Satisfaction Outcomes
Authors: Mulhall John , Anderson Matthew , Parker Marilyn 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Men with Peyronie's disease who also have erectile dysfunction represent a challenge to the urologist. Historically, penile prosthesis surgery has been the management strategy of choice for this population. This study was undertaken to define the outcomes of a penile reconstructive surgery algorithm in men with Peyronie's disease and concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods
Patients presenting with combined Peyronie's disease and erectile dysfunction were treated with vasoactive therapy initially. All patients underwent dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography. Nonresponders to erectogenic pharmacotherapy were advised to undergo penile prosthetic surgery. Responders to erectogenic therapy were considered candidates for either corporoplasty or plaque incision and grafting. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was used to compare erectile function and satisfaction profiles serially pre- and postoperatively between the patients in the three groups.

Results
Sixty-two patients constituted the study population. Eighty-one percent of the patients responded to erectogenic pharmacotherapy. Postoperative IIEF erectile function domain scores were statistically higher for implant patients and lower for plaque incision and grafting patients compared to preoperative scores. Postoperative IIEF satisfaction domain scores were higher for corporoplasty and implant patients and lower for plaque incision and grafting patients compared to preoperative scores.

Conclusions
The surgical algorithm used in this study leads to excellent IIEF erectile function and satisfaction scores for corporoplasty and implant patients; however, plaque incision and grafting patients had poor functional and satisfaction outcomes. These data support the concept that not all men with combined ED and Peyronie's disease require penile prosthetic surgery, and furthermore, plaque incision and grafting surgery is a poor option for men with combined disease.
Nikolaj A. Bogoraz (1874–1952): Pioneer of Phalloplasty and Penile Implant Surgery
Authors: Schultheiss Dirk , Gabouev Alexander I. , Jonas Udo 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT
Phalloplasty and penile implants are outstanding pioneering procedures introduced in 1936 by the Russian surgeon Nikolaj A. Bogoraz and are thus of eminent interest to the urological and plastic surgeon. This article from the history of medicine will discuss his biography and scientific achievements during the first half of the 20th century.
Retained Rear-Tip Extenders in Redo Penile Prosthesis Surgery: A Case for Heightened Suspicion and Thorough Physical Examination
Authors: Ilbeigi Pedram , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Kim Michelle 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile Prosthesis infection is a dreaded complication that can occur after primary inflatable penile implants. Redo prosthesis operations and salvage procedures have become increasingly popular after these inflections. These operations, however, have higher rates of re-infection as compared to primary implants.

Aim
We describe a patient who was referred for repeat redo penile prosthesis surgery in whom retained rear-tip extenders harboring purulent fluid was discovered during physical examination.

Results
The patient underwent exploration and two rear-tip extenders were removed. He later underwent redo prosthesis insertion and the device remains fully functional and infection free at follow-up.

Conclusion
This case conveys the importance of a thorough physical examination and raises the index of suspicion for retained prosthesis fragments in patients with recurrent penile prosthesis infections.
Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in a Population with Organic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Bansal Tina C. , Guay André T. , Jacobson Jerilynn , Woods Bartholomew O. , Nesto Richard W. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Advanced age in men is accompanied by an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Prior studies revealed that 56% of an ED population have asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, 75% of men with CAD have symptoms of ED, and 91% of our ED patients have cardiovascular risks.

Aim
Because metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR) are both predictors of CVD, we wished to evaluate these parameters in our population.

Methods
Our men (N = 154) were evaluated for multiple cardiovascular risk factors and graded on severity of ED. The severity of ED was evaluated by the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire. The prevalence of MS was determined by NCEP/ATP III criteria. Insulin resistance was measured by QUICKI.

Main Outcome Measures
Bivariate associations among total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride/HDL, and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were compared. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the relation between the presence and severity of IR with the severity of ED.

Results
The total cholesterol/HDL ratio was moderately and negatively correlated with QUICKI (r = −0.33; P &lt; 0.01) and similarly for the triglyceride/HDL ratio (r = −0.32; P &lt; 0.01). Metabolic syndrome was present in 43% of our ED population as opposed to 24% in a matched patient population. Approximately 79.2% of our total population had IR and 73.3% of the nondiabetic portion (N = 120) had IR, compared to 26% in a general population study. Metabolic syndrome (P = 0.01), IR (P = 0.01), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) &gt;110 mg/dL (P = 0.01) correlated positively and moderately with increasing severity of ED by SHIM score.

Conclusion
Men with ED have a high incidence of MS and IR. Early detection of metabolic disease in patients with ED may be a gateway to the reduction endothelial dysfunction in younger men with increased cardiovascular risk but who present for treatment of ED alone.
Lessons in Teaching Hope: An Interview with C. R. Snyder
Authors: Ritschel Lorie 
Published: January 2005

Lorie Ritschel received her undergraduate degrees in French and psychology from the University of Georgia in 1999. In 2002, she received her MA in clinical psychology from the University of Kansas, where she currently is pursuing a doctoral degree. Lorie is the clinic systems coordinator and a therapist at the University of Kansas Psychological Clinic. She also has taught undergraduate courses in abnormal psychology. Lorie's research examines the roles of mindfulness and hope in psychotherapy. C. R. (Rick) Snyder received his PhD in clinical psychology from Vanderbilt University in 1971. His entire career has been at the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, where he was promoted to full professor in 1980. Director of the Kansas Clinical Program from 1974 to 2001, he became the Wright Distinguished Professor of Clinical Psychology in 2002. Editor of the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology from 1987 to 2001, he presently edits the Oxford University Press Book Series in Human Motivation. With longstanding interests in human strengths, his research has been at the interface of clinical, social, personality, and health psychology. His theories, in chronological order, have entailed how people react to personal feedback, the need for uniqueness, the ubiquitous drive to excuse transgressions, and, most recently, the hope motive. Recognized with fellow status in various psychological societies, Snyder also has received awards for his teaching and research.
Some aeromechanical aspects of insect-like flapping wings in hover
Authors: Żbikowski R , Knowles K , Pedersen C B , Galiński C 
Published: January 2005

Micro air vehicles (MAVs) are defined as flying vehicles ca. 150 mm in size (hand-held) weighing 50–100 g, and are developed to reconnoitre in confined spaces (inside buildings, tunnels, etc.). For this application insect-like flapping wings are an attractive solution and hence the need to realize the functionality of insect flight by engineering means. Insects fly by oscillating (plunging) and rotating (pitching) their wings through large angles, while sweeping them forwards and backwards. During this motion the wing tip approximately traces a figure-of-eight and the wing changes the angle of attack (pitching) significantly. This paper presents some aspects of aerodynamic modelling and mechanical design pertinent to engineering realization of insect-like flapping wings on the MAV scale. The aerodynamic modelling uses an indicial Polhamus approach which is implemented in a modular manner. Comparisons are presented with experimental force data from a dynamically scaled insect model and generally show good agreement. The design is then described of a four-bar linkage mechanism to drive an insect-like flapping-wing motion. The indicial Polhamus aerodynamic model was used as part of the design process to predict wing loading. This highlighted some interesting interactions between the position of the wing pitch axis and its loading. The paper concludes with some directions for future work in this challenging field.
Wear mechanisms and transitions in railway wheel steels
Authors: Lewisa R , Dwyer-Joyce R S 
Published: January 2005

The need to improve safety and reduce costs means that new specifications are being imposed on railway wheel wear. These mean that more durable wheel steels are required. In order to develop such materials, a greater understanding is needed of the wear mechanisms and transitions occurring in wheel steels. In this work, twin-disc wear testing has been carried out to study the wear characteristics of R8T railway wheel steel. The results have indicated that, compared with previous wheel steels, R8T offers greater wear resistance. Three wear regimes were identified; mild, severe, and catastrophic. Wear rates were seen to increase steadily initially and then to level off, before increasing rapidly as the severity of the contact conditions increased. This paper is concerned with the form of the data and the reasons for the transitions. Analysis of the contact conditions indicated that the first transition in the wear rate was caused by the change from partial slip to full slip conditions at the disc interface. Temperature calculations for the contact showed that the large increase in wear rates seen at the second wear transition may result from a thermally induced reduction in yield strength and other material properties. This improved understanding will help in progressing towards the aim of eventually attaining a wear modelling methodology reliant on material properties rather than wear constants derived from testing.
Availability and use of emergency obstetric services: Kenya, Rwanda, Southern Sudan, and Uganda
Authors: Pearson L. , Shoo R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe article summarises the baseline assessments of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) carried out in Uganda, Kenya, Southern Sudan, and Rwanda in 2003 and 2004.ObjectivesOur objectives were to: (1) set up program baselines on the availability and utilization of EmOC services in these countries; (2) identify gaps and obstacles in providing EmOC services; and (3) make recommendations to governments based on evidence generated.MethodsData were collected from clinical record reviews, provider and client interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. Either random or universal sampling was applied in the selection of health facilities assessed. Local nurses and midwives participated in the data collection and, to some extent, data processing and analysis.ResultsThe coverage of basic EmOC services ranged 0–1.1/500,000 population compared to the UN‐recommended level of 4/500,000. The coverage of comprehensive EmOC services ranged 0.5–4.3/500,000 compared to the recommended level of 1/500,000. Between 0.6% and 8.8% of all births took place in EmOC facilities, and 2.1% and 18.5% of all expected direct obstetric complications were treated. Cesarean section as a proportion of all births was between 0.1% and 1%. Shortage of trained staff especially mid‐level providers, poor basic infrastructure such as lack of electricity and water supplies, inadequate supply of drugs and essential equipment, poor working conditions and staff morale, lack of communication and referral facilities, cost of treatment, and lack of accountability and proper management were identified as the main obstacles in providing 24‐h quality EmOC services especially in remote and rural areas.ConclusionsLack of basic EmOC services limits women's access to life‐saving services during obstetric complications. To reduce maternal mortality ratio the states and development partners need to focus their effort to improve the coverage, quality, and utilization of EmOC services through supportive national policy, effective program strategies, increased budget allocation to maternal health program, rural infrastructure development, and regular monitoring, and evaluation of progress.