bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron and ion spectroscopy of camphor doped helium nanodroplets in the extreme UV and soft x-ray regime
Authors: Sen Sanket , Mandal S , De S , Sen Arnab , Gopal R , Ben Ltaief L , Turchini S , Catone D , Zema N , Coreno M , Richter R , Mudrich M , Sharma V , Krishnan S R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate the ionisation and fragmentation dynamics of free camphor molecules and camphor-doped helium nanodroplets by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray photons using velocity map imaging combined with photoelectron-photoion coincidence (VMI-PEPICO) spectroscopy. We notably find that the Penning ionisation of camphor in He nanodroplets at

h
ν
=
21.43

eV is soft with nearly identical Penning ionised electron spectra correlated to different molecular fragments. Further, fragmentation following ionisation at all photon energies exhibit a droplet-specific mass peak equivalent to the missing mass of CO, suggesting suppression of further fragmentation inside the droplet. This work reveals unusual features of photoionisation of organic molecules doped in He nanodroplet motivating further experimental and theoretical explorations.
Few-shot detection of surface roughness of workpieces processed by different machining techniques
Authors: Yi Huaian , Lv Xiao , Shu Aihua , Wang Hao , Shi Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe traditional deep learning method for detecting workpiece surface roughness relies heavily on a large number of training samples. Also, when detecting the surface roughness of workpieces processed by different machining techniques, it requires a large number of samples of that workpiece to rebuild the model. To address these problems, this paper proposes a few-sample visual detection method for the surface roughness of workpieces processed by different techniques. This method first trains a base model using a relatively large amount of samples from one machining technique, then fine-tunes the model using small amounts of samples from workpieces of different techniques. By introducing contrastive proposal encoding into Faster R-CNN, the model’s ability to learn surface features from small amounts of workpiece samples is enhanced, thus improving the detection accuracy of surface roughness of workpieces processed by different techniques. Experiments show that this method reduces the model’s dependence on training samples and the cost of data preparation. It also demonstrates higher accuracy in surface roughness detection tasks of workpieces processed by different techniques, providing a new approach and insights for few-sample surface roughness detection.
A 3D hierarchical TiO2/CaIn2S4/C3N4 arrays photoanode with dual-heterojunction for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Xing , Zhang Lina , Ma Jinwen , Yin Xiaotong , Tian Yuxin , Wang Chuang , Wang Qiushi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A novel 3D hierarchical TiO2/CaIn2S4/C3N4 arrays with dual heterojunctions photoanode is constructed by stepwise deposition of CaIn2S4 nanosheets and ultrathin C3N4 onto the well-aligned TiO2 nanorods arrays. Integrating the merit of the superior ability of CaIn2S4 and C3N4 to harvest visible light, dual type-Ⅱ heterojunction band structure and one-dimensional ordered nanostructures, the TiO2/CaIn2S4/C3N4 photoanode exhibits simultaneous significant improvements in visible-light harvesting, charge separation and electron transfer capability. At 1.23 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) under AM 1.5 G irradiation, the TiO2/CaIn2S475/C3N4 photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 4.5 mA cm−2, which is 5.2 and 51.1-fold higher than that of TiO2/CaIn2S475 and pristine TiO2 photoanode, respectively. Moreover, the applied bias photo-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of the TiO2/CaIn2S475/C3N4 photoanode reaches 3.5% at 0.36 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode). These results are helpful for fabricating more efficient heterostructure photoelectrodes.
Inverse planning of lung radiotherapy with photon and proton beams using a discrete ordinates Boltzmann solver
Authors: Bedford James L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. A discrete ordinates Boltzmann solver has recently been developed for use as a fast and accurate dose engine for calculation of photon and proton beams. The purpose of this study is to apply the algorithm to the inverse planning process for photons and protons and to evaluate the impact that this has on the quality of the final solution. Approach. The method was implemented into an iterative least-squares inverse planning optimiser, with the Boltzmann solver used every 20 iterations over the total of 100 iterations. Elemental dose distributions for the intensity modulation and the dose changes at the intermediate iterations were calculated by a convolution algorithm for photons and a simple analytical model for protons. The method was evaluated for 12 patients in the heterogeneous tissue environment encountered in radiotherapy of lung tumours. Photon arc and proton arc treatments were considered in this study. The results were compared with those for use of the Boltzmann solver solely at the end of inverse planning or not at all. Main results. Application of the Boltzmann solver at the end of inverse planning shows the dose heterogeneity in the planning target volume to be greater than calculated by convolution and empirical methods, with the median root-mean-square dose deviation increasing from 3.7 to 5.3 for photons and from 1.9 to 3.4 for proton arcs. Use of discrete ordinates throughout inverse planning enables homogeneity of target coverage to be maintained throughout, the median root-mean-square dose deviation being 3.6 for photons and 2.3 for protons. Dose to critical structures is similar with discrete ordinates and conventional methods. Time for inverse planning with discrete ordinates takes around 1–2 h using a contemporary computing environment. Significance. By incorporating the Boltzmann solver into an iterative least squares inverse planning optimiser, accurate dose calculation in a heterogeneous medium is obtained throughout inverse planning, with the result that the final dose distribution is of the highest quality.
A kV–MV approach to CBCT metal artifact reduction using multi-layer MV-CBCT
Authors: Jacobson Matthew W , Harris Tom , Myronakis Marios , Lehmann Mathias , Huber Pascal , Ozoemelam Ikechi , Hu Yue-Houng , Ferguson Dianne , Fueglistaller Rony , Morf Daniel , Berbeco Ross 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. To demonstrate that complete cone beam CT (CBCT) scans from both MV-energy and kV-energy LINAC sources can reduce metal artifacts in radiotherapy guidance, while maintaining standard-of-care x-ray doses levels. Approach. MV-CBCT and kV-CBCT scans are acquired at half normal dose. The impact of lowered dose on MV-CBCT data quality is mitigated by the use of a 4-layer MV-imager prototype and reduced LINAC energy settings (2.5 MV) to improve photon capture. Additionally, the MV-CBCT is used to determine the 3D position and pose of metal implants, which in turn is used to guide model-based poly-energetic correction and interleaving of the kV-CBCT and MV-CBCT data. Certain edge-preserving regularization steps incorporated into the model-based correction algorithm further reduce MV data noise. Main results. The method was tested in digital phantoms and a real pelvis phantom with large 2.5″ spherical inserts, emulating hip replacements of different materials. The proposed method demonstrated an appealing compromise between the high contrast of kV-CBCT and low artifact content of MV-CBCT. Contrast-to-noise improved 3-fold compared to MV-CBCT with a clinical 1-layer architecture at matched dose (37 mGy) and edge blur levels. Visual delineation of the bladder and prostate improved noteably over kV- or MV-CBCT alone. Significance. The proposed method demonstrates that a full MV-CBCT scan can be combined with kV-CBCT to reduce metal artifacts without resorting to complicated beam collimation strategies to limit the MV-CBCT dose contribution. Additionally, significant improvements in CNR can be achieved as compared to metal artifact reduction through current clinical MV-CBCT practices.
Precise one-to-one equivalent nanocircuit models for layered metamaterials
Authors: Ding Yuqing , Rao Qianzhen , Yu Kin Wah , Sun Lei , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A precise one-to-one equivalent nanocircuit model for layered metamaterials is presented in this work. The theoretical analysis establishes a precise link between the nanocircuit system and the optical film system by comparing between the optical transfer matrix of an optical film and the transmission matrix of the distributed-element model. Through dimensional analysis, the connection between the optical properties of the film and the distributed circuit components of the transmission line is revealed. Subsequently, the lumped-element model is simplified to the distributed-element model for nonmagnetic films with different optical features. Finally, the lumped-element model is further applied to multilayer metamaterials with different microstructures. All analysis is confirmed through the agreement between the S-parameters of the equivalent nanocircuit model and the reflection and transmission coefficients of the layered metamaterials.
Optical manipulation of anisotropic spherical shell particles in a dual-beam trap
Authors: Bai Jing , Gao Yu , Ge Cheng-Xian , Wu Zhen-Sen , Xiao Chang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, based on the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT), expressions for the scattering coefficient and the shape factor of the beam are derived for a uniaxial anisotropic spherical shell (UASS) particle illuminated by standing laser beams. Through a comprehensive analysis involving the Maxwell stress tensor equations and conservation law of electromagnetic momentum, explicit expressions for both the transverse and axial radiation force (RF) acting upon UASS particles have been analytically derived. The current theories are shown to be valid by comparison with the existing reference. To achieve a more stable capture of UASS particles, the influence of the corresponding parameters of the particle and the dual laser beams on the capture and manipulation is investigated in detail. These investigations could provide an effective way to achieve improvements in optical tweezers and can become an encouraging approach to realize the high accuracy operation of UASS particles.
Primordial non-Gaussianity from ultra slow-roll Galileon inflation
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Karde Ahaskar , Panda Sudhakar , Sami M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a detailed study of the generation of large primordial non-Gaussianities during the slow-roll (SR) to ultra-slow roll (USR) transitions in the framework of Galileon inflation. We found out that due to having sharp transitions in the USR phase, which persist with a duration of Δ𝒩USR ∼ 2 e-folds, we are able to generate the non-Gaussianity amplitude of the order: |f
NL| ∼ 𝒪(10-2) in the SRI, -5 < f
NL < 5 in the USR, and -2 < f
NL < 2 in the SRII phases. As a result, we are able to achieve a cumulative average value of |f
NL| ∼ 𝒪(1). This implies that our results strictly satisfy Maldacena's no-go theorem in the squeezed limit only for SRI, while they strictly violate the same condition in both the USR and SRII phases.
The non-renormalization theorem in the Galileon theory helps to support our results regarding the generation of large mass primordial black holes along with large non-Gaussianities, which we show to be dependent on the specific positions of the transition wave numbers fixed at low scales.
Thermodynamic geometry of the RN-AdS black hole and non-local observables
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Bin , Xu Zhen-Ming , Yang Wen-Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper studies the thermodynamic geometry of the Reissner–Nordström-anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole via detection of the non-local observables in the dual field theory, including the entanglement entropy and equal-time two-point correlation function. With the dimensional analysis, we construct the principle of corresponding states of black hole thermodynamics. As a result, our findings can be applied to black holes with different AdS backgrounds. In this sense, the probe of the thermodynamic geometry of the RN-AdS black hole though the non-local observables in dual field theory has been confirmed numerically.
Circular semi-quantum secret sharing based on hybrid single particle and GHZ-type states
Authors: Hou Yan-Yan , Xu Tao , Li Jian , Ye Chong-Qiang , Wang Zhuo , Liu Xin-Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) is a branch of quantum cryptography, with the advantage of fewer quantum resources. In this paper, we present a SQSS protocol based on hybrid single particle and GHZ-type states. Our protocol adopts circular transport structure to share secret information between classical and quantum parties, employing the entanglement correlation and uncertainty of GHZ-type states to guarantee the security of the transmission. Security analysis indicates that the proposed SQSS protocol enables resilience against various potential attacks such as measure-resend, entangle-measure, internal, and Trojan attacks. Furthermore, our protocol is easy to generalize to multi-party scenarios without increasing the complexity of state preparation. Compared with some typical SQSS protocols, our protocol has higher qubit efficiency without the need for entanglement swapping operations. The proposed SQSS protocol has the potential for broader applications in practical scenarios.
The role of operators in activating scheme of patterns by students with low mathematical ability
Authors: Mampouw Helti Lygia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to describe the role of metasubjective operators in activating the pattern introduction schemes by junior high school students with low mathematical ability. This research uses descriptive-qualitative method with data obtained from 7 junior high school students with low mathematical ability. The researcher acts as the main instrument of this research, supported with tests and interview guidance on repeating and growing pattern to explore activated scheme. Next, the roles of M, C, I, and F operators are being explored in activating pattern schemes found in subjects. This exploration shows distinction in subjects’ M-operator capacity that can be observed when subjects are given complicated tasks. C-operator has the role of encouraging subjects to create solutions that linearly fit the principles of repeating pattern and growing pattern; however, it may not appear in the quadratically growing pattern. I-operator has the role of diverting subjects’ attentions, either in-line with or deviated from the general principles of the patterns. The scheme of even and odd numbers is highly predominant in diverting some subjects’ attention from the regularity of number sequence. The role of F-operation is observed when subjects try to simplify pattern regularity, specifically in quadratically growing pattern. The limitation of subjects in identifying the growing pattern is the result of I-operator and F-operator’s roles, supported then by M-operator’s limitation.
2D and 3D robot arms simulation using GeoGebra
Authors: Suwarno D U , Putri R C E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Student studying robot arms requires mathematical knowledge and programming skills to simulate robot arm movements. Students often have difficulty understanding the mathematical equations of robotic arms and how to simulate them. The author tries to solve this problem using GeoGebra by constructing a 2D robot arm and a 3D robot arm and performing rotation operations on the robot arm. The robot arm consists of an upper arm and a lower arm and can be rotated independently. The simulations that have been carried out are in the form of a 2D robot arm and a 3D robot arm with an R, R, R configuration. With the help of GeoGebra, students are helped to simulate a robot arm with an RR (revolute revolute) joint configuration.
Programming for exposure chart modelling in conventional X-ray radiography
Authors: Adhiwangsa F Z , Mulyono T , Wijaya R N , Ismail  
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In radiography, an exposure chart is needed to determine the correct exposure. The creation of exposure chart so far requires a lot of film. To reduce the use of film, a program was created that utilizes the principles of radiographic exposure in the form of the relationship between tube current, tube voltage, exposure time, and geometry principles. The program was validated through curve fitting and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) by comparing the density of the specimen radiograph image with the exposure chart generated by the program. The generated exposure chart is the exposure chart for steel with voltages of 120 kV, 130 kV, 140 kV, 150 kV, and 160 kV. The resulting exposure chart has a coefficient of determination of 0.97 and has high accuracy.
Strengthening students’ physics literacy through the WHK flow
Authors: Kristiyanto W H , Mampouw H L , Rondonuwu F S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Strengthening students’ physics literacy is urgent to do. The purpose of this study is to apply the Wacana-Holistik-Kunci (WHK) flow in strengthening physics literacy for students. This research method was descriptive research applied to 9 elementary schools in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The results of the study show that the WHK flow can be implemented through teacher training to teaching teacher assistance in class. A total of 25 teachers have succeeded in implementing the WHK flow smoothly through peer learning, where in the WHK flow in the Wacana (W) stage students listen to the discourse text and find difficult words to discuss, in the Holistik (H) stage students find the context of physical science and retell it. with their own sentences, as well as the Kunci (K) stage students find answers to questions based on the discourse text. The conclusion of this research shows that the WHK flow helps strengthen students’ scientific literacy, especially at the Holistik (H) stage, and can equip students to discover the context, concepts and applications of physical discourse. The implication of this research is the need to disseminate this pathway to facilitate and accelerate the achievement of increasing students’ physics literacy.
Assessing the advantages of 3D bioprinting and 3D spheroids in deciphering the osteoarthritis healing mechanism using human chondrocytes and polarized macrophages
Authors: Majumder Nilotpal , Roy Subhadeep , Sharma Aarushi , Arora Shuchi , Vaishya Raju , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha , Ghosh Sourabh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The molecular niche of an osteoarthritic microenvironment comprises the native chondrocytes, the circulatory immune cells, and their respective inflammatory mediators. Although M2 macrophages infiltrate the joint tissue during osteoarthritis (OA) to initiate cartilage repair, the mechanistic crosstalk that dwells underneath is still unknown. Our study established a co-culture system of human OA chondrocytes and M2 macrophages in 3D spheroids and 3D bioprinted silk-gelatin constructs. It is already well established that Silk fibroin-gelatin bioink supports chondrogenic differentiation due to upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, the presence of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages significantly upregulated the expression of chondrogenic biomarkers (COL-II, ACAN) with an attenuated expression of the chondrocyte hypertrophy (COL-X), chondrocyte dedifferentiation (COL-I) and matrix catabolism (MMP-1 and MMP-13) genes even in the absence of the interleukins. Furthermore, the 3D bioprinted co-culture model displayed an upper hand in stimulating cartilage regeneration and OA inhibition than the spheroid model, underlining the role of silk fibroin-gelatin in encouraging chondrogenesis. Additionally, the 3D bioprinted silk-gelatin constructs further supported the maintenance of stable anti-inflammatory phenotype of M2 macrophage. Thus, the direct interaction between the primary OAC and M2 macrophages in the 3D context, along with the release of the soluble anti-inflammatory factors by the M2 cells, significantly contributed to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for immune cell-mediated OA healing.
Observed northward shift of large hailstorms in the eastern United States since 2000
Authors: Liu Jimin , Leung Jeremy Cheuk-Hin , Huang Hong , Xu Daosheng , Li Weijing , Qian Weihong , Zhang Banglin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Given its high population density and degree of urbanization, the eastern United States (US) is a region vulnerable to the impacts from hailstorms. Small changes in hail activity may indicate large impacts on the potential hail risks faced by the region. While contrasting hailstorm-favorable environmental changes between the northeastern and southeastern US have been documented, the meridional shift of hail activity in the eastern US has not been directly revealed based on observed hailstorm records. In this letter, using the official hailstorm database, we find a significant northward migration of hail activity (+0.33° N decade−1) in the eastern US since 2000, which is mainly contributed by the increasing proportion of large hailstorm events (hail size 0.75–2.0 inch) hitting the northeast in July and August (+0.93° N decade−1). The spatially inhomogeneous climatic mean state changes over the past two decades contribute a leading role: the intensified Bermuda High and the eastward shift of upper-level jet stream over the central US tended to moisten (dry) the atmosphere over the northeastern (southeastern) US by enhancing the low-level poleward moisture transport. This not only provides more moisture for hailstorm formation in the northeast but also destabilizes (stabilizes) the atmosphere in the northeast (southeast) under an overall increase in dry instability over the eastern US. These factors together lead to a northward shift of large hailstorms toward the northeastern US, where hailstorms were relatively seldom reported. Incorporating this shift in knowledge may improve contingency and risk management strategies of both the public and private sectors in the future.
Observations reveal onshore acceleration and offshore deceleration of the Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea over the past three decades
Authors: Guo Haihong , Cai Jinzhuo , Yang Haiyuan , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Kuroshio Current (KC) in the East China Sea is one of the most prominent components of the ocean circulation system in the North Pacific. The onshore intensification of the KC is found to drive nutrient-rich upwelling in the shelf regions, induce anomalous warming that leads to coastal marine heatwaves, and reduce the ability of the oceans to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Based on altimeter and in situ observations, we find an onshore acceleration and offshore deceleration of the KC over the past three decades. This intensification is characterized by a spatial mean onshore acceleration (offshore deceleration) of 0.39 (−0.63) cm s−1 per decade. This phenomenon can be attributed to changes in wind stress curl (WSC) and oceanic stratification over the subtropical North Pacific. The weakened WSC decreases the vertical extent of the KC by reducing its transport and contributes to the offshore deceleration, whereas the enhanced stratification drives the uplift of the KC and contributes to the onshore acceleration. Our findings underscore the importance of establishing and maintaining a long-term monitoring network for the zonal variations of the KC in the future to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the associated impacts.