bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development of Ukraine as a combination of social, economic and environmental components: structural econometric model of three-pillar approach
Authors: Zomchak L M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The combination of the economic, social and environmental issues of the country-level development in the case of Ukraine requires modernization of the national economic system and permanent deep institutional reforms. These measures should be aimed at forming a diverse, competitive and socially oriented post-industrial economy capable of ensuring sustainable development. To ensure the improvement of the management of Ukraine’s sustainable development strategy, structural (simultaneous) model is proposed, based on three endogenous (namely GDP as economic variable, income per household as social variable and the expenses for the environmental protection as environmental variable) and seven exogenous variables. Such an approach makes it possible to investigate the interdependence between variables. Model parameters estimates were calculated with the two-step least squares method. A forecast of the development of the main indicators characterizing the economic, social and environmental components of development at the country level was also estimated. For Ukraine in 2021, according to the forecast based on the structural model, the economic and environmental components will have positive dynamics and rapid growth, while the social component will develop, but more stably and without rapid growth.
Contact engineering for organic CMOS circuits
Authors: Chen Quanhua , Cao Jiarong , Liu Yuan , Zhu Rujun , Cao Jinxiu , Liu Zhao , Zhao Xing , Wu Jianfei , Yang Guangan , Zhu Li , Wu Jie , Yu Zhihao , Sun Huabin , Li Run , Xue Shujian , Li Binhong , Tan Chee Leong , Xu Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have been widely studied, but there are still challenges to achieving large-scale integration in organic complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. In this article, we discuss the issues on organic CMOS circuits from a device perspective. Our discussion begins with a systematic analysis of the principal parameters of the building block, a CMOS inverter, including gain, noise margin, and power dissipation, as well as the relevant challenges and the potential solutions. We then review state-of-the-art organic CMOS inverters and their fabrications. Finally, we focus on the approaches to optimize organic CMOS circuits from a specific point of view of the contact engineering, particularly for N-type OFETs.
Multiple ornaments: trade-offs and redundancy in signalling functions in male and female varied tits (Sittiparus varius)
Authors: Ma Ruiyao , Jiang Yiting , Wan Dongmei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Signals conveyed by ornaments can be indicators in the process of sexual selection. Specifically, signals may be superimposed on each other to represent an individual’s quality, convey different information, or offer redundant information. As much of the research in this area has focused on relationships between diverse signals in males, those of females have largely been overlooked. From 2022 to 2023, we tested whether three traits, namely acoustic (song display) and visual ornaments (patch size and carotenoid-based plumage coloration), and morphology (wing and tail length), were interrelated in males and whether visual ornaments and morphology were interrelated in females in a wild population of varied tits (Sittiparus varius). We found that males with brighter and more reddish plumage sang at lower maximum and minimum frequencies, with narrower bandwidths and lower frequency peaks. Similarly, a negative correlation between tail length and carotenoid-based plumage coloration was observed in both sexes. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between signals within traits. These results highlight the trade-offs in signals between different traits, as well as the consistency within the same traits.
Monitoring MCS patients on the intensive care unit: integrating haemodynamic assessment, laboratory data, and imaging techniques for timely detection of deterioration and recovery
Authors: Vandenbriele Christophe , Baldetti Luca , Beneduce Alessandro , Belohlavek Jan , Hassager Christian , Pieri Marina , Polzin Amin , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Møller Jacob Eifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Monitoring of the patient supported with a temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) is crucial in achieving the best possible outcome. Monitoring is a continuous and labour-intensive process, as cardiogenic shock (CS) patients can rapidly deteriorate and may require new interventions within a short time period. Echocardiography and invasive haemodynamic monitoring form the cornerstone of successful tMCS support. During monitoring, it is particularly important to ensure that adequate end-organ perfusion is achieved and maintained. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of best practices for monitoring the CS patient supported by a micro-axial flow pump, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and both devices simultaneously (ECMELLA approach). It is a complex process that encompasses device control, haemodynamic control and stabilization, monitoring of interventions, and assessment of end-organ function. The combined, continuous, and preferably protocol-based approach of echocardiography, evaluation of biomarkers, end-organ assessment, and haemodynamic parameters is crucial in assessing this critically ill CS patient population.
Early-Life Hygiene-Related Factors and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scandinavian Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Annie , Östensson Malin , Størdal Ketil , Ludvigsson Johnny , Mårild Karl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
We aimed to investigate whether early-life hygiene-related factors influenced the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Scandinavian population and test the association’s consistency across cohorts.

Methods
This study followed 117 493 participants in the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study and the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. IBD diagnoses were defined by national registers. Comprehensive data on hygiene-related exposures, such as having pets, rural living, daycare attendance, and siblings, were retrieved from questionnaires administered from pregnancy until child’s age of 36 months. A multivariable Cox regression model yielded adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for IBD accounting for socioeconomic status and perinatal factors. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results
In over 2 024 299 person-years of follow-up 451 participants developed IBD. In pooled estimates children attending daycare up to 36 months of life vs not attending daycare were less likely to develop Crohn’s disease (aHR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37- 0.98). Children having 1 or more siblings had a modestly increased risk of IBD (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.96-1.42; aHR for each sibling, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.24). The other hygiene factors were not significantly linked to later IBD. In the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study cohort, bed sharing was associated with an increased risk of IBD, most notably for ulcerative colitis (aHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.01-2.78).

Conclusions
In this birth cohort study from 2 high-income Scandinavian countries, some early-life hygiene-related exposures were associated with IBD risk. The generalizability of these results to countries of other socioeconomic level is unknown.
Introduction
Authors: Enright Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lá Dár Saol (A Day in Our Life), by Sáan O’Crohan, is by way of epilogue to the story of the Gaelic-speaking Great Blasket, for it tells how, in its dying days, Islanders resettled on the nearby mainland. Some ex-Islanders were never able to adapt themselves to life outside their community. One such was Sean O’Crohan’s contemporary, Micheal O’Guiheen, last of their poets and story-tellers, who keened over his lost Island all his days. Sean did adapt himself, and to the rapid changes of the twentieth century. He would never forget the Blasket, however, and it is with the critical eye of the Islander that he surveys the mainland scene.
Morning
Authors: Enright Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
signs appear of what lies ahead but, if so, small is the notice taken until it comes to pass. That is how it was with us and we living on the Western Island. We were young and strong with little sense or wit, the case ever with young people before life sharpens their notions for them. It is well I remember the day when Padraig Kearney left the Island along with his wife and family. They went to settle in a poor bare hovel in the glen of Clochan Dubh, where they had neither holding nor living and could only depend upon the help of God. But Kearney was not long gone from us when no one was giving him any thought at all, and the Islanders were ploughing on. He had given away the holding he left behind and a blessing from God this was for the man that received the gift.
Introduction
Authors: Illis L S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1961 (Liberson et al. 1961) a considerable amount of work has been directed towards the activation of paralysed muscles by electrical stimulation. Although the technique was originally used to supplement or replace lost or impaired function in people with neurological deficit, many methods of electrical stimulation do not simply supplement or replace lost function but favourably modify the remaining structurally intact nervous system. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a series of techniques of electrical stimulation of muscle, or peripheral nerve, or nerve root or the spinal cord which either causes a muscle to perform a specific function or produces a change in the excitability of the central nervous system. When it causes a muscle to perform a specific function, this may beused as a means of enabling the subject to carry out functions of paralysed or partially paralysed limbs, or to train or condition a voluntary muscle, or to alter the physiological properties of a muscle, for example from a fast-twitch muscle to a slow-twitch muscle. In some cases, such as sacral root stimulation, the purpose of FES is to control an otherwise non-functioning organ. In central FES the aim is to alter the excitability of the central nervous system, probably by altering inhibition, in order to alter function. Where FES alters function it only alters abnormal activity; there is no recorded alteration of normal activity or normal function.
Spinal opioidergic activation: spinal, somatic, and vesical reflexes and spasticity
Authors: Herman Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spasticity of spinal origin is a complex manifestation of chronic supra-sacral spinal cord lesions (‘chronic spinal lesions’). When sufficiently severe, it can interfere further with the individual’s quality of life by adversely affecting such functional behaviour as sitting posture, mobility, transfers, and comfort, and by generating limb and trunk deformities (e.g. contractures (Herman 1970)). Conversely, spasticity may support or enhance function. Thus inappropriate assessment and/or treatment may lead to further diminution of performance.
Multi Step Direct Reactions
Authors: Gadioli E , Hodgson P E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At lower incident energies all the particles in the intra-nucleus cascade remain bound, and the reaction may be described by the multistep compound theory discussed in the previous chapter. As the incident energy increases it becomes more likely that one particle remains in the continuum and so retains a strong memory of the original direction of the projectile. The timescale of the reaction is much shorter; whereas in the multistep compound reactions a quasi-equilibrium is attained at each stage now the reaction is a direct process occurring in a time comparable with the nucleon transit time. As in the multistep compound reactions the interaction takes place in a sequence of stages, and the cross-section for emission from each of these stages may be calculated from the multistep direct reaction theories described in this chapter.
Pharmacological targets for the control of male and female sexual behaviour
Authors: Wilson Catherine A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mammalian sexual behaviour is controlled by gonadal steroids acting at the level of the central nervous system (CNS). The extent of hormonal control varies with sex and species. In both male rodents and primates, testosterone is essential for copulatory behaviour and in the female rodent, sexual behaviour is completely dependent on the presence of oestrogen, with progesterone acting synergistically. In primates, certain aspects of sexual activity, namely arousal and proceptive behaviour, may also be dependent on steroids, but copulatory behaviour is thought to be independent of them.
Evaluation of drug effects on human sexual function
Authors: Riley Alan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In spite of the upsurge in research activity in the area of sexual functioning which followed the work of Masters and Johnson (1966, 1970), there have been few attempts to investigate the effect of drugs on human sexual function. Renshaw (1978) concludes her review, Sex and drugs, with the request for scientific evaluation of drug effects on sexual function, viz. ‘Sexual side effects of needed medications must not only be noted but carefully and scientifically studied by physicians, since these may offer important avenues of understanding of the many unresolved riddles of the neurophysiology of the human sexual response’. Investigation of the effect of drugs on human sexual function may also suggest possible new pharmacotherapeutic approaches to the management of sexual dysfunction.
Energetic aspects of altering myocardial sensitivity to calcium
Authors: Alpert Norman R , Hasenfuss Gerd , Holubarsch Christian , Mulicri Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is now generally accepted that myocardial contraction is preceded by and causally related to an increase in cytosolic free calcium following depolarization of the plasma membrane. Relaxation occurs when the free calcium concentration is lowered by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane calcium pumps. The degree of contractile activation depends on the level of free calcium and the calcium sensitivity of the thin-filament regulatory protein troponin C.
Diabetes and insulin action
Authors: McKeigue Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the evidence that the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes in adult life may be set by nutrition and growth in fetal life. Two studies in England have found a strong inverse association between birthweight and the prevalence of glucose intolerance in later life. The association of reduced size at birth with non-insulin dependent diabetes has since been confirmed in three other populations, although the relationship was less strong than in the original studies of English populations, and the form of the relationship was non-linear. Other studies in children and young adults have shown that plasma glucose levels after oral glucose challenge are inversely related to birthweight. Recent studies suggest that glucose intolerance is related more strongly to thinness at birth, measured by low ponderal index, than to low birthweight. This association is not accounted for by known predictors of diabetes such as obesity. Although the association between glucose intolerance and birthweight depends on adjusting for body mass index, this does not apply to the association of glucose intolerance with thinness at birth. Suggestions that the association can be accounted for by selective survival of low birthweight infants genetically predisposed to diabetes are not compatible with historical data on infant mortality rates.
Respiratory and allergic diseases
Authors: Strachan David P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Respiratory illnesses are caused by a sometimes complex interaction of infection, allergy, mucus hypersecretion, reversible bronchospasm, and irreversible airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoking is a powerful and partially reversible influence on the risk of mucus hypersecretion, reversible and irreversible airflow obstruction, and should be the priority in any preventive programme. However, not all smokers appear to be prone to disabling or fatal airflow obstruction and cofactors including impaired prenatal and postnatal lung growth, genetic antitrypsin deficiency, and dietary antioxidant deficiency may determine which smokers are most susceptible. In the past, high levels of outdoor air pollution were associated with increased morbidity and mortality among bronchitic patients, but the role of outdoor or indoor air pollution as a determinant of the prevalence of obstructive lung disease remains uncertain.
Conclusions
Authors: Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Kuh Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that patterns of early growth and other factors acting across the life course play an important role in the origin and development of a wide array of common chronic diseases. Knowledge of the determinants of fetal growth, and of the biological processes which mediate the effects of the social environment, is limited. The research emphasis is now moving away from measures of general growth impairment towards specific patterns of growth retardation during gestation. Links between growth and development in childhood and later disease are also being demonstrated. The relative importance of early as compared with later life influences is yet to be fully determined, but there is growing evidence that they have an interactive effect on disease risk. Thus the possibility exists of intervening to break biological and social chains of risk at several stages of life, and of targetting those particularly at risk at times when change is most likely. Prospective studies beginning at birth or in childhood will provide further evidence as they mature about the importance of factors acting across the life course. Public health policy should adopt a truly life course strategy with attention towards the mother, baby, child, adolescent, and adult.
Listen to the brain: a Biological perspective On musical emotions
Authors: Peretz Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The functioning of the brain is fascinating. It fascinates for the obvious reason that the brain is the commander of all our actions, thoughts, and motivations. By studying its functioning, the hope is to obtain crucial information about the biological determinants of human cognition and emotion. Neuropsychology is the discipline concerned with these questions. As its name indicates, neuropsychology aims to relate neural mechanisms to mental functions. It is an old discipline, dating back to the discovery that speech was related to the functioning of a small region of the left brain by Broca in 1861. Following this discovery, the neural correlates of musical abilities were similarly scrutinized (for a recent review, see Marin & Perry 1999). Although the neuropsychological approach to music is a century old, progress has been slow. term.
Music As A Source Of Emotion In Film
Authors: Cohen Annabel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emotion characterizes the experience of film, as it does the experience of music. Because music almost always accompanies film, we may well ask what contributionmusic makes to the emotional aspects of film. The present chapter addresses this question. It should be said at the outset that in spite of the integral role of music for film, film music has been largely neglected by the disciplines of both musicology and music psychology until the last decade (e.g. Cohen 1994;Marks 1998; Prendergast 1991). The reasons for the neglect are complex, arising from social, technological, economic, historical, and cultural factors. Some of these factors also account for a parallel neglect by psychology of the study of film perception (Hochberg & Brooks 1996a, 1996b). Moreover, unlike other types of popular or art music, much music for film has been composed with the understanding that it will not be consciously attended to. Countering this neglect, the present chapter takes a psychological perspective on the sublime and remarkable emotional phenomena produced by music in the context of film. This chapter has the joint intent of supporting the argument that music is one of the strongest sources of emotion in film and of opening doors to further empirical work that explains why this is so.
Negative Emotions In Music Making: The Problem Of Performance Anxiety
Authors: Steptoe Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The performance of music induces extraordinarily positive feelings in many players and singers. Participation in a successful and exciting performance often leads to feelings of euphoria, whether it be in a school concert, a piece sung by a village choir, or a public show in a prestigious concert hall. Here is the baritone Thomas Allen (interviewed in the Independent on Sunday in 1990) describing his feelings at the end of a performance of Don Giovanni in Japan: ‘I could have walked over the house tops I was so high’.When the producer came backstage to congratulate him, Allen picked him up and carried him across the stage, ‘Oh, I could have run up Mount Fuji!’ The same feelings of joy of creative music making are vividly expressed in a letter written by the 21-year-old Mozart to his father in November 1777. He was playing the organ during a Sunday service in the Court chapel in Mannheim in the presence of the ruler of the state.
Emotions In Everyday Listening To Music
Authors: Sloboda John A , O’neill Susan A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are several key assumptions underpinning our focus on emotion and ‘everyday’ music listening. Firstly, music is always heard in a social context, in a particular place and time, with or without other individuals being present, and with other activities taking place which have their own complex sources of meaning and emotion. The emotional response to the music is coloured, and possibly sometimes completely determined, by these contextual factors. Emotions should not be thought of as abstract entities such as ‘anger’ or ‘elation’, but rather as actual moments of emotional feelings and displays in particular situations within a particular culture. Emotional responses to music are linked to a sequence of events based on conventions and rules that depend not only on shared understanding and representations, but also a common background of knowledge and beliefs. Music is a cultural material (as is language) that provides a kind of semiotic and affective ‘power’ which individuals use in the social construction of emotional feeling and displays. As such, the impact of music on emotion is not direct but interdependent on the situations in which it is heard. Any meaningful account of music’s role in the emotional response of individuals must involve the recognition of these complex, interdependent social factors.We therefore focus in this chapter on several investigations which attempt to preserve, or take account of, as much of the social context of music listening as possible.
The British Background
Authors: Salway Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book we shall be looking at as long a stretch of time as from the Wars of the Roses to the present day. It is the first age for which we have contemporary or near-contemporary written sources. It is also the age for the greater part of which Britain was absorbed into an empire based on the Mediterranean, subject to the direct impact of classical culture, and closely involved with the fortunes of Europe at one of the most formative periods of its history. ‘The toga was ofi:en to be seen among them’: with these words the Roman historian Tacitus described the Britons adopting the Roman way of life at an early stage of their long career as Roman provincials. The purpose of this book is to chart this process and to see how far it went, to examine Britain as a part of the Roman empire. Out of this will emerge its own particular character.