bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐mode four‐branch power divider with coupled wide‐angle waveguides
Authors: Huang Chia‐Chih , Chang Chin‐Yu , Wang Way‐Seen 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA novel four‐branch single‐mode wide‐angle power divider, consisting of a symmetric Y‐branch waveguide with a phase front retarder around the junction and a central V‐shaped two‐branch waveguide located a coupling gap apart, is proposed. Low loss, large angle, and uniform output power distribution can be achieved by adjusting the gap between Y‐branch and V‐shaped two‐branch waveguides. Moreover, the proposed power divider can be used in wide‐bandwidth wavelength‐division‐multiplexing (WDM) systems. Also, the effect on the power‐dividing ratio is insensitive to fabrication tolerance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 337–341, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11054
In vivo electroporation of the testis versus transgenic mice model in functional studies of spermatocyte‐specific hst70 gene promoter: A comparative study
Authors: Widlłak Wiesława , Ścieglińska Dorota , Vydra Natalia , Małusecka Ewa , Krawczyk Zdzisław 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTo determine whether DNA transfer to mouse testes by in vivo electroporation could be useful method for studying regulatory elements of genes specifically active in spermatocytes first we compared the expression pattern of a construct containing the EGFP reporter gene ligated to a fragment of the heat shock testis‐specific hst70 gene promoter, both in testis of transgenic mice and in testis electroporated in vivo. While in transgenic mice the EGFP was expressed in all seminiferous tubules in a cell‐ and stage‐specific manner, in the testes electroporated in vivo only small fraction of cells expressed this marker protein. In order to make a quantitative comparison between the specificity of these two experimental systems we used several vectors containing the CAT gene ligated to fragments of the hst70 gene 5′ upstream of DNA sequences which either promoted or did not activate expression of the reporter gene in the testes of transgenic mice. Also, as a reference opposite to spermatogenic cells we examined the expression pattern of the same set of vectors in the rat hepatoma FTO 2B cells. Although electroporated testes retain some spermatocyte‐specific features such as the ability to repress promoters which do not contain regulatory elements responsible for testis‐specific transcription, several important drawbacks of the method are evident. They include basal activity of constructs which are not transcribed in testes of transgenic mice and low overall transfection efficiency. This may hamper studies in which subtle changes in the expression pattern are under investigation. However, the in vivo electroporation of the testis can be useful for preliminary screening of constructs aimed to study in transgenic mice. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 382–388, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro development and mitochondrial fate of macaca–rabbit cloned embryos
Authors: Yang Cai‐Xia , Han Zhi‐Ming , Wen Duan‐Cheng , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Zhang Ke‐Ying , Zhang Li‐Sheng , Wu Yu‐Qi , Kou Zhao‐Hui , Chen Da‐Yuan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractInterspecies cloning may be used as an effective method to conserve highly endangered species and to support the development of non‐human primate animal models for studying therapeutic cloning and nuclear–cytoplasm interaction. The use of the monkey model for biomedical research can avoid legal, ethical, and experimental limitations encountered in a clinical situation. We describe in this study the in vitro development of macaca–rabbit embryos produced by fusing macaca fibroblasts with enucleated rabbit oocytes and examine the fate of mitochondrial DNA in these embryos. We show that macaca–rabbit cloned embryos can develop to the blastocyst stage when cultured in vitro in HECM10 +10% FBS and that mitochondrial DNA derived from donor somatic cells was detectable in cloned embryos throughout preimplantation development. These results suggest that (1) macaca fibroblast nuclei can dedifferentiate in enucleated metaphase II rabbit oocytes; (2) HECM10 +10% FBS can break through the development block and support the development of macaca–rabbit cloned embryos to blastocysts; and (3) donor‐cell‐derived mitochondrial DNA is not eliminated until blastocyst stage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 396–401, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of meiosis‐inhibiting agents and equine chorionic gonadotropin on nuclear maturation of canine oocytes
Authors: Songsasen N. , Yu I. , Gomez M. , Leibo S.P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractExperiments were conducted to determine the effects of meiosis‐inhibiting‐agents and gonadotropins on nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. The culture medium was TCM199 + 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor supplemented with 25 μM β‐mercaptoethanol, 0.25 mM pyruvate, and 1.0 mM L‐glutamine (Basal TCM). Initially, oocytes were cultured in Basal TCM alone or in Basal TCM + dibutylryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (0.5, 1, 5, or 10 mM dbcAMP) for 24 hr. Dibutylryl cAMP inhibited resumption of meiosis in a dose‐dependent manner; 60% of oocytes remained at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage after being cultured for 24 hr in 5 mM dbcAMP. The meiosis‐inhibitory effect of dbcAMP appeared to be reversible, as the oocytes resumed meiosis and completed nuclear maturation after being cultured for an additional 48 hr in its absence. Oocytes were then cultured in Basal TCM alone or in Basal TCM + roscovitine (12.5, 25, or 50 μM) for 24 hr. Although ∼60% of oocytes cultured in 25 μM roscovitine remained at the GV stage, this percentage was not significantly different from the 48% that also remained at the GV stage when cultured in its absence. Oocytes were cultured in Basal TCM + 25 μM roscovitine for 17 hr, exposed briefly to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), and then cultured in Basal TCM for 48 hr. Short exposure of oocytes to eCG was beneficial, as it significantly increased the proportion of oocytes developing beyond germinal vesicle breakdown (P < 0.05) with ∼20–30% of these were metaphase I (MI) oocytes. Study of the kinetics of nuclear maturation demonstrated that large numbers of oocytes remained at MI even after being cultured for 52 hr following brief exposure to eCG. This study showed that in vitro maturation of canine oocytes can be somewhat improved by short exposure of oocytes to eCG. However, further studies are still required to derive effective methods to mature canine oocytes in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 435–445, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solution of solute transport in unsaturated porous media by the method of characteristics
Authors: Kačur Jozef , Mahmood Mohammed Shuker 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA degenerate convection‐diffusion problem is approximated using the scheme that is based on the relaxation method and also the method of characteristics. A mathematical model for solute transport in unsaturated porous media is included. Moreover, multiple site adsorption is considered. Convergence of the scheme is proved and numerical experiments in 1D and 2D are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 732–761, 2003.
Multipole fast algorithm for the least‐squares approach of the method of fundamental solutions for three‐dimensional harmonic problems
Authors: Saavedra I. , Power H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this article we describe an improvement in the speed of computation for the least‐squares method of fundamental solutions (MFS) by means of Greengard and Rokhlin's FMA. Iterative solution of the linear system of equations is performed for the equations given by the least‐squares formulation of the MFS. The results of applying the method to test problems from potential theory with a number of boundary points in the order of 80,000 show that the method can achieve fast solutions for the potential and its directional derivatives. The results show little loss of accuracy and a major reduction in the memory requirements compared to the direct solution method of the least squares problem with storage of the full MFS matrix. The method can be extended to the solution of overdetermined systems of equations arising from boundary integral methods with a large number of boundary integration points. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 828–845, 2003.
Quality of care in institutionalized deliveries: the paradox of the Dominican Republic
Authors: Miller S. , Cordero M. , Coleman A.L. , Figueroa J. , Brito‐Anderson S. , Dabagh R. , Calderon V. , Cáceres F. , Fernandez A.J. , Nunez M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives: To better understand the paradox in the Dominican Republic of a relatively high maternal mortality ratio despite nearly universal institutionalized deliveries with trained attendants, a rapid assessment using an adaptation of the strategic assessment method was conducted. Methods: A multi‐disciplinary team reviewed national statistics and hospital records, inventoried facilities, and observed peripartum client–provider interactions at 14 facilities. Results: The major referral hospitals, where more than 40% of births in the country occur, were overcrowded and understaffed, with inexperienced residents overseeing care provided by medical students, interns and nurses. Uncomplicated labor and deliveries were overmedicalized, while complicated ones were not managed appropriately; emergencies were not dealt with in a timely fashion. In the peripheral hospitals physicians were seldom present and clients were either turned away or delivered by unprepared nursing staff. Providers in the busiest facilities suffered from compassion fatigue, and were demoralized and overworked. In all facilities, quality of care was lacking and the delivery and birthing process was dehumanized. Conclusions: Access and availability of institutional delivery alone is not enough to decrease MMR, it is also the quality of emergency obstetric care that saves lives.
Homoclinic bifurcations and uniform hyperbolicity for three-dimensional flows
Authors: Rodriguez Hertz Federico , Arroyo Aubin 
Published: June 2003

In this paper we prove that any

C^1

vector field defined on a three-dimensional manifold can be approximated by one that is uniformly hyperbolic, or that exhibits either a homoclinic tangency or a singular cycle. This proves an analogous statement of a conjecture of Palis for diffeomorphisms in the context of

C^1

-flows on three manifolds. For that, we rely on the notion of dominated splitting for the associated linear Poincaré flow.

Résumé

On prouve que tout champ de vecteurs

C^1

défini sur une variété de dimension trois peut être approché par un qui est uniformément hyperbolique ou bien par un qui présente soit une tangence homocline soit un cycle singulier. Ceci prouve, dans le contexte des flots

C^1

sur les variétés de dimension trois, l’analogue d’une conjecture de Palis concernant les difféomorphismes. On s’appuie sur la notion de décomposition dominée pour le flot linéaire de Poincaré associé.
A quantitative analysis of valgus torque on the ACL: A human cadaveric study
Authors: Fukuda Yukihisa , Woo Savio L.‐Y. , Loh John C. , Tsuda Eiichi , Tang Peter , McMahon Patrick J. , Debski Richard E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe loads needed to elicit a positive pivot shift test in a knee with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture have not been quantified. The coupled anteriol tibial translation (ATT), coupled internal tibial rotation (ITR), and the in situ force in the ACL in response to a valgus torque, an inherent component of the pivot shift test, were measured in 10 human cadaveric knee specimens. Using a robotic/universal force–moment sensor testing system, valgus torques ranging from 0.0 to 10.0 N m were applied in nine increments on the intact and ACL‐deficient knee in flexion ranging from 0° to 90°. At 15° of knee flexion, the coupled ATT and ITR were significantly increased in the ACL‐deficient knee when compared to the intact knee. Coupled ATT increased a maximum of 291% (6.7 mm, p < 0.05), while coupled ITR increased a maximum of 85% (5.1°, p < 0.05). At 30°, the increases in coupled ATT and ITR were significant at valgus loads of 3.3 N m and greater with a maximum increase in coupled ATT of 137% (6.3 mm, p < 0.05) and a maximum increase in coupled ITR of 38% (3.6°, p < 0.05). At 45°, coupled ATT increased significantly (maximum of 69%, 4.4 mm, p < 0.05), but only at torques ⩾ 6.7 N m. The in situ force in the ACL was less than 20 N for all flexion angles when a torque between 3.3 and 5.0 N m was applied. Low valgus torque elicited tibial subluxation in the ACL‐deficient knee with low in situ ACL forces, similar to a positive pivot shift test. Thus, application of a valgus torque may be suitable to evaluate ACL‐deficient and ACL‐reconstructed knees, since subluxation can be achieved with minimal harm to the ACL graft. This work is important in understanding one load component needed for the pivot shift examination; further studies quantifying other load components are essential for better comprehension of the in vivo pivot shift examination. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Locally delivered rhBMP‐2 enhances bone ingrowth and gap healing in a canine model
Authors: Sumner D. R. , Turner T. M. , Urban R. M. , Turek T. , Seeherman H. , Wozney J. M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine if recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) enhances bone ingrowth into porous‐coated implants and gap healing around the implants. In the presence of a 3‐mm gap between the implant and host bone, porous‐coated implants were placed bilaterally for four weeks in the proximal humeri of skeletally mature, adult male dogs. In three treatment groups, the test implant was treated with HA/TCP and rhBMP‐2 in buffer at a dose of 100 μg/implant (n = 5), 400 μg/implant (n = 6), or 800 μg/implant (n = 5) and placed in the left humerus. In these same animals, an internal control implant was treated only with HA/TCP and buffer and placed in the right humerus. These groups were compared with a previously reported external control group of seven animals in which no growth factor was delivered [J. Orthop. Res. 19 (2001) 85]. The BMP treated implants in the two lower dose groups had significantly more bone ingrowth than the external controls with the greatest effect in the 100 g/implant group (a 3.5‐fold increase over the external control, p = 0.008). All three dose groups had significantly more bone formation in the 3‐mm gap surrounding the BMP treated implants than the external controls with the greatest effect in the 800 μg group (2.9‐fold increase, p < 0.001). Thus, application of rhBMP‐2 to a porous‐coated implant stimulated local bone ingrowth and gap healing. The enhancement of bone formation within the implant (bone ingrowth) was inversely related to dose. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Ad‐BMP‐2 for enhancing fracture healing in an infected defect fracture rabbit model
Authors: Southwood Louise L. , Frisbie David D. , Kawcak Chris E. , Ghivizzani Steven C. , Evans Chris H. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of adenoviral transfer of the BMP‐2 gene (Ad‐BMP‐2) for enhancing healing in an infected defect fracture model. A femoral defect stabilized with plates and screws was surgically created in sixty‐four skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits. Experimental groups were: (1) non‐infected Ad‐luciferase (Ad‐LUC, NONLUC), (2) non‐infected Ad‐BMP‐2 (NONBMP), (3) infected Ad‐LUC (INFLUC), and (4) infected Ad‐BMP‐2 (INFBMP). A sclerosing agent was applied to the ends of the bone at surgery to facilitate the development of osteomyelitis. Fracture healing was evaluated radio‐graphically and histologically. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA, with statistical significance set as p < 0.05.Rabbits in the non‐infected and infected groups that were treated with Ad‐BMP‐2 had earlier initial‐ and bridging‐callus formation, and a higher overall external callus grade compared to rabbits in the Ad‐LUC groups. Rabbits in the Ad‐LUC groups had more defect ossification compared to rabbits in the Ad‐BMP‐2 groups. There was a trend for rabbits in the Ad‐BMP‐2 group that were euthanized at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to have more bone and cartilage compared to rabbits in the Ad‐LUC group. The results of this study suggest that Ad‐BMP‐2 enhances the early stages of healing in an infected defect fracture. The results of our study were not as favorable as those reported in previous studies because animals healed by a large bridging callus and not by defect ossification. This could have been a result of the sclerosing agent, which may have damaged the cells in the defect. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Factors and motives associated with drop-out in an ambulatory service for patients with psychotic disorders
Authors: Fuciec M. , Mohr S. , Garin C. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe aim is to study motives and factors associated with treatment drop-out in an ambulatory psychiatric service, which integrates medical, social, familial and rehabilitation treatments. Only 9% of the psychotic patients dropped out, whose motives were non-compliance with medication and unawareness of illness, and the associated factors were comorbidity of substance abuse, social isolation and male gender.
An expanded target-strength relationship for herring
Authors: Ona Egil 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Target-strength (TS) experiments on captive, adult herring have been conducted at intervals over several years to investigate the acoustic effect of pressure and seasonal changes on fish physiology. Experiments in a large, net pen (4500 m3) were done at 18, 38, and 120 kHz frequencies with calibrated, split-beam echosounders. The main ex situ results at 38 kHz, including a vertical-excursion experiment, were combined with in situ TS data collected at 38 kHz with a probing, split-beam transducer lowered into the dense herring layers, recorded during two surveys in the wintering area of the Norwegian spring-spawning stock. Multiple-linear regression analysis was used to investigate the functional relationship between TS and the measured parameters. The mean TS of herring was found to be significantly dependent on the depth (pressure) and the gonadosomatic index. These are the additional parameters included in the new TS relationship.
Diurnal changes in the acoustic-frequency characteristics of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) post-larvae “shirasu” inferred from theoretical scattering models
Authors: Miyashita Kazushi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Diurnal changes in the acoustic-frequency characteristics of “shirasu”, a post-larval stage of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), were analysed based on theoretical scattering models. Since post-larval swimbladders contain gas at night but not during the day, the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA), based on the deformed-cylinder model, which assumes there is no gas in the swimbladder, was applied to daytime observations, and the fish-bladder resonance model, which assumes there is gas in the swimbladder, to those taken at night. The two sets of acoustic frequencies employed were 50 and 200 kHz, which are those used for shirasu commercial fishing, and 38 and 120 kHz, which are usually employed for acoustic surveys using a quantitative echosounder. During the daytime, differences in shirasu target strengths between the two frequencies were large, especially between 38 and 120 kHz, but at night there was little difference with frequency, suggesting that acoustic surveys for identifying and estimating the abundance of shirasu should be done during daytime, when differences occur between frequencies and the shirasu form dense schools.
Tissue distribution, intracellular localization and proteolytic processing of rat 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
Authors: Neve Søren , Aarenstrup Lene , Tornehave Ditte , Rahbek‐Nielsen Henrik , Corydon Thomas Juhl , Roepstorff Peter , Kristiansen Karsten 
Published: June 2003

Abstract4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) is an important enzyme involved in tyrosine catabolism. HPD was shown to be identical to a protein named the F‐antigen, exploited by immunologists because of its unique immunological properties. Congenital HPD deficiency is a rare, relatively benign condition known as hereditary type III tyrosinemia. Decreased expression of HPD is often observed in association with the severe type I tyrosinemia, and interestingly, inhibition of HPD activity seems to ameliorate the clinical symptoms of type I tyrosinemia. In this study we present a comprehensive analysis of tissue specific expression and intracellular localization of HPD in the rat. By combined use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we confirm previously known sites of expression in liver and kidney. In addition, we show that HPD is abundantly expressed in neurons in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. By using immunoelectron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we provide evidence that HPD contrary to earlier assumptions specifically localizes to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses of HPD purified from rat liver revealed N‐terminal and C‐terminal processing of HPD, and expression of recombinant HPD suggested that C‐terminal processing enhances the enzymatic activity.
A survey of the Predictive Toxicology Challenge 2000–2001
Authors: Helma C. , Kramer S. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Motivation: The Predictive Toxicology Challenge (PTC) was initiated to stimulate the development of advanced techniques for predictive toxicology models. The goal of this challenge was to compare different approaches for the prediction of rodent carcinogenicity, based on the experimental results of the US National Toxicology Program (NTP).
Results: 111 sets of predictions for 185 compounds have been evaluated on quantitative and qualitative scales to select the most predictive models and those with the highest toxicological relevance. The accuracy of the submitted predictions was between 25 and 79 %. An evaluation of the most accurate models by toxicological experts showed, that it is still hard for domain experts to interpret the submitted models and to put them into relation with toxicological knowledge.
Availability: PTC details and data can be found at: http://www.predictive-toxicology.org/ptc/
Contact: helma@informatik.uni-freiburg.de
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
† Present address: Institute for Computer Science, Technical University Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.