bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood overweight and obesity: age stratification contributes to the differences in metabolic characteristics
Authors: Wu Jinxia , Li Zhenchang , Zhu Hongwei , Chang Yajie , Li Quanquan , Chen Jing , Shen Guiping , Feng Jianghua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the differential metabolic characteristics of children with overweight and obesity and understand their potential mechanism in different age stratifications.MethodsFour hundred seventy‐three children were recruited and divided into two age stratifications: >4 years (older children) and ≤4 years (younger children), and overweight and obesity were defined according to their BMI percentile. A one dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR)–based metabolomics strategy combined with pattern recognition methods was used to identify the metabolic characteristics of childhood overweight and obesity.ResultsFour and sixteen potential biomarkers related to overweight and two and twenty potential biomarkers related to obesity were identified from younger and older children, respectively. Fluctuations in phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamine, leucine, histidine, and ascorbate co‐occurred in children with obesity at two age stratifications. The disturbances in biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, lipid metabolism, and galactose metabolism disturbance were mainly involved in children with overweight and obesity.ConclusionsThe metabolic disturbances show a significant progression from overweight to obesity in children, and different metabolic characteristics were demonstrated in age stratifications. The changes in the levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamine, leucine, histidine, and ascorbate were tracked with the persistence of childhood obesity. These findings will promote the mechanistic understanding of childhood overweight and obesity.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membranes tailored with zirconium‐based MOF‐801 for water treatment applications
Authors: Rameesha Laila , Rana Dipak , Nagendran Alagumalai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHighly hydrophilic and antifouling poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes are developed with excellent permeation using a zirconium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF‐801). MOF‐801 is synthesized by a solvothermal method using zirconium(IV) oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2⋅8H2O) and fumaric acid. The chemical functionality of MOF‐801 is studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) whereas surface morphology and elemental composition are probed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). The PVDF/MOF‐801 membranes are characterized in terms of FTIR, XRD, FESEM/EDX and atomic force microscopy. The performance of the hybrid PVDF/MOF‐801 membranes in terms of pure water flux and antifouling ability is found to be improved compared with bare PVDF membranes. The wettability of the membranes is measured by water contact angle and found to be 76.7° for bare PVDF membrane, which decreases upon the addition of MOF‐801 to 55.1° due to the increase in surface hydrophilicity. A notable increase in roughness of 226.29 nm and a porosity of 67.91% is observed for the addition of 2 wt% MOF‐801 in PVDF membrane matrix. The flux recovery ratio of the hybrid membrane is increased from 66.4% to 89.6% and from 68.3% to 85.2% for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA) separation, respectively. In addition, the reversible and irreversible fouling performance during the rejection of BSA (93%) and HA (88%) indicates the enhanced antifouling property of the PVDF/MOF‐801 membranes. A zone of inhibition test evidences the outstanding antibiofouling activity of the PVDF/MOF‐801 membranes against E. coli and S. aureus. Overall results demonstrated the suitability of hybrid PVDF/MOF‐801 membranes for water and wastewater treatment. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Analysis of temperature effects on the protein accumulation of the FT–FD module using newly generated Arabidopsis transgenic plants
Authors: Park Kyung‐Ho , Kim Sol‐Bi , Jung Jae‐Hoon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArabidopsis flowering is dependent on interactions between a component of the florigens FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD. These proteins form a complex that activates the genes required for flowering competence and integrates environmental cues, such as photoperiod and temperature. However, it remains largely unknown how FT and FD are regulated at the protein level. To address this, we created FT transgenic plants that express the N‐terminal FLAG‐tagged FT fusion protein under the control of its own promoter in ft mutant backgrounds. FT transgenic plants complemented the delayed flowering of the ft mutant and exhibited similar FT expression patterns to wild‐type Col‐0 plants in response to changes in photoperiod and temperature. Similarly, we generated FD transgenic plants in fd mutant backgrounds that express the N‐terminal MYC‐tagged FD fusion protein under the FD promoter, rescuing the late flowering phenotypes in the fd mutant. Using these transgenic plants, we investigated how temperature regulates the expression of FT and FD proteins. Temperature‐dependent changes in FT and FD protein levels are primarily regulated at the transcript level, but protein‐level temperature effects have also been observed to some extent. In addition, our examination of the expression patterns of FT and FD in different tissues revealed that similar to the spatial expression pattern of FT, FD mRNA was expressed in both the leaf and shoot apex, but FD protein was only detected in the apex, suggesting a regulatory mechanism that restricts FD protein expression in the leaf during the vegetative growth phase. These transgenic plants provided a valuable platform for investigating the role of the FT–FD module in flowering time regulation.
Tumor growth inhibition‐overall survival modeling in non‐small cell lung cancer: A case study from GEMSTONE‐302
Authors: Sheng Yucheng , Teng Shu‐wen , Wang Jingru , Wang Hao , Tse Archie N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOverall survival is vital for approving new anticancer drugs but is often impractical for early‐phase studies. The tumor growth inhibition‐overall survival (TGI‐OS) model could bridge the gap between early‐ and late‐stage development. This study aimed to identify an appropriate TGI‐OS model for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer from the GEMSTONE‐302 study of sugemalimab. We used three TGI models to delineate tumor trajectories and investigated three OS model for linking TGI metric to OS. All three TGI models accurately captured tumor profiles at the individual level. The published atezolizumab‐based TGI‐OS model predicted survival time satisfactorily through simulation‐based evaluation, whereas the other published model built from multi‐treatment underestimated OS. Our study‐specific TGI‐OS model identified time‐to‐growth as the most significant metric with the number of metastatic sites and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio at baseline as covariates and exhibited robust OS predictability. Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the TGI‐OS models in predicting phase III outcomes, which underpins their value as a powerful tool for antitumor drug development.
Advances in Atomically Dispersed Metal and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Carbon Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Technologies and Water Remediation: From Microenvironment Modulation to Non‐Radical Mechanisms
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Ren Xiaohui , Li Jiahao , Wang Shuai , Wei Xinyu , Wang Na , Du Yunchen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtomically dispersed metal and nitrogen co‐doped carbon catalysts (M‐N‐C) have been attracting tremendous attentions thanks to their unique MNx active sites and fantastic catalytic activities in advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) for water remediation. However, precisely tailoring the microenvironment of active sites at atomic level is still an intricate challenge so far, and understanding of the non‐radical mechanisms in persulfate activation exists many uncertainties. In this review, latest developments on the microenvironment modulation strategies of atomically dispersed M‐N‐C catalysts including regulation of central metal atoms, regulation of coordination numbers, regulation of coordination heteroatoms, and synergy between single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with metal species are systematically highlighted and discussed. Afterwards, progress and underlying limitations about the typical non‐radical pathways from production of singlet oxygen, electron transfer mechanism to generation of high‐valent metal species are well demonstrated to inspire intrinsic insights about the mechanisms of M‐N‐C/persulfate systems. Lastly, perspectives for the remaining challenges and opportunities about the further development of carbon‐based SACs in environment remediation are also pointed out. It is believed that this review will be much valuable for the further design of active sites in M‐N‐C/persulfate catalytic systems and promote the wide application of SACs in various fields.
Nested Biofabrication: Matryoshka‐Inspired Intra‐Embedded Bioprinting
Authors: Alioglu Mecit Altan , Yilmaz Yasar Ozer , Singh Yogendra Pratap , Nagamine Momoka , Celik Nazmiye , Kim Myoung Hwan , Pal Vaibhav , Gupta Deepak , Ozbolat Ibrahim T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEngineering functional tissues and organs remains a fundamental pursuit in bio‐fabrication. However, the accurate constitution of complex shapes and internal anatomical features of specific organs, including their intricate blood vessels and nerves, remains a significant challenge. Inspired by the Matryoshka doll, here a new method called “Intra‐Embedded Bioprinting (IEB)” is introduced building upon existing embedded bioprinting methods. a xanthan gum‐based material is used which served a dual role as both a bioprintable ink and a support bath, due to its unique shear‐thinning and self‐healing properties. IEB's capabilities in organ modeling, creating a miniaturized replica of a pancreas using a photocrosslinkable silicone composite is demonstrated. Further, a head phantom and a Matryoshka doll are 3D printed, exemplifying IEB's capability to manufacture intricate, nested structures. Toward the use case of IEB and employing an innovative coupling strategy between extrusion‐based and aspiration‐assisted bioprinting, a breast tumor model that included a central channel mimicking a blood vessel, with tumor spheroids bioprinted in proximity is developed. Validation using a clinically‐available chemotherapeutic drug illustrated its efficacy in reducing the tumor volume via perfusion over time. This method opens a new way of bioprinting enabling the creation of complex‐shaped organs with internal anatomical features.
Development of a second‐screen system for sharing virtual reality information
Authors: Nakano Bunta , Matsumoto Takaki , Hoshikawa Naoto , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shiraki Atsushi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince virtual reality technology can easily realize a particular environment, it has been applied to various training. This technology is also expected in education such as those dealing with three‐dimensional figures because they can represent phenomena in three dimensions. One of the standard virtual reality technologies is wearing a head‐mounted display to experience a virtual reality project. However, the virtual reality experience is limited to the person wearing the head‐mounted display (in most cases) when considering the use of head‐mounted display‐based virtual reality in education, making its usage unsuitable for mass education. Therefore, in this study, we develop a second‐screen system that can share virtual reality information using an Android device. Healthy first‐ and second‐year high school students between the ages of 15 and 17 were asked to use the virtual reality educational materials that implemented the developed system, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. There were no negative comments in the survey on whether proposing second‐screen system was necessary, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed system. Therefore, the second‐screen system may adapt VR technology to mass education. In addition, we developed a package to integrate our second‐screen system into the pre‐existing virtual reality projects. This package simplifies the procedure for implementing a second‐screen system, thus helping to reuse the virtual reality projects that have been developed so far.
The role of geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor for postoperative outcomes in gastrointestinal emergencies
Authors: Takano Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Yasunobu , Kudo Tomohiro , Takahashi Sumika , Kanno Hironori , Hanyu Nobuyoshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a simple nutritional and inflammatory marker for older adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the GNRI in older adults who underwent emergency gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsThis study included 206 older adults who had undergone emergency gastrointestinal surgery. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between the GNRI and postoperative complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for postoperative complications. We then evaluated the association between GNRI and clinical variables among older adults undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery.ResultsPostoperatively, all complications occurred in 89 (43%) older adults, infectious in 53 (26%), and non‐infectious in 36 (17%). In the multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.016), GNRI (p = 0.012), operative severity (p = 0.003), and operation time (p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for all postoperative complications. While the GNRI (p = 0.049) was an independent risk factor for infectious complications, age (p = 0.035) and bleeding volume (p = 0.035) were independent risk factors for postoperative non‐infectious complications. In the low GNRI group, age (p = 0.029), serum C‐reactive protein levels (p < 0.001), and proportion of sarcopenia (p < 0.001) were significantly higher, and the length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) was significantly longer than that in the high GNRI group. In Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the skeletal mass index and the GNRI had a positive correlation (r = 0.415 and p < 0.001).ConclusionThe GNRI may be a predictor of postoperative infectious complications in older adults after emergency gastrointestinal surgery, suggesting the usefulness of the GNRI as a nutritional marker and sarcopenia‐related parameter.Trial registration numberNo. 22‐16.
The risk analysis index demonstrates exceptional discrimination in predicting frailty's impact on neurosurgical length of stay quality metrics
Authors: Gagliardi Thomas A. , Conti Joseph T. , Courville Jordyn T. , Owodunni Oluwafemi P. , Courville Evan N. , Kazim Syed F. , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundQuality measures determine reimbursement rates and penalties in value‐based payment models. Frailty impacts these quality metrics across surgical specialties. We compared the discriminatory thresholds for the risk analysis index (RAI), modified frailty index‐5 (mFI‐5) and increasing patient age for the outcomes of extended length of stay (LOS [eLOS]), prolonged LOS within 30 days (pLOS), and protracted LOS (LOS > 30).MethodsPatients ≥18 years old who underwent neurosurgical procedures between 2012 and 2020 were queried from the ACS‐NSQIP. We performed receiver operating characteristic analysis, and multivariable analyses to examine discriminatory thresholds and identify independent associations.ResultsThere were 411,605 patients included, with a median age of 59 years (IQR, 48–69), 52.2% male patients, and a white majority 75.2%. For eLOS: RAI C‐statistic 0.653 (95% CI: 0.652–0.655), versus mFI‐5 C‐statistic 0.552 (95% CI: 0.550–0.554) and increasing patient age C‐statistic 0.573 (95% CI: 0.571–0.575). Similar trends were observed for pLOS‐ RAI: 0.718, mFI‐5: 0.568, increasing patient age: 0.559, and for LOS>30‐ RAI: 0.714, mFI‐5: 0.548, and increasing patient age: 0.506. Patients with major complications had eLOS 10.1%, pLOS 26.5%, and LOS >30 45.5%. RAI showed a larger effect for all three outcomes, and major complications in multivariable analyses.ConclusionIncreasing frailty was associated with three key quality metrics that is, eLOS, pLOS, LOS > 30 after neurosurgical procedures. The RAI demonstrated a higher discriminating threshold compared to both mFI‐5 and increasing patient age. Preoperative frailty screening may improve quality metrics through risk mitigation strategies and better preoperative communication with patients and their families.
Clinical impact of skeletal muscle mass change during the neoadjuvant chemotherapy period in patients with gastric cancer: An ancillary study of JCOG1002
Authors: Sato Reo , Tokunaga Masanori , Mizusawa Junki , Sato Yuya , Ito Seiji , Takahari Daisuke , Sano Takeshi , Onaya Hiroaki , Yoshikawa Takaki , Boku Narikazu , Terashima Masanori 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have revealed that sarcopenia is associated with postoperative complications and poor prognosis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising treatment for gastric cancer, its toxicity may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle mass. This study investigates the changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its clinical impact on patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.MethodsFifty patients who completed two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery were included. Skeletal muscle mass was measured using computed tomography images before and after chemotherapy. The proportion of skeletal muscle mass change (%SMC) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its cutoff value was explored using the receiver operating characteristic for the overall survival of patients undergoing R0 resection. Risk factors of skeletal muscle mass loss were also evaluated.ResultsOverall, 64% of patients had skeletal muscle mass loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (median %SMC −3.4%; range: −18.9% to 10.3%). Multivariable analysis identified older age (≥70 years) as an independent predictor of skeletal muscle mass loss (mean [95% confidence interval]: −4.70% [−8.83 to −0.58], p = 0.026). Among 43 patients undergoing R0 resection, %SMC <−6.9% was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 11.53; 95% confidence interval, 2.78–47.80) and relapse‐free survival (hazard ratio 4.54, 95% confidence interval 1.50–13.81).ConclusionsSkeletal muscle mass loss occurs frequently during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer and could adversely affect survival outcomes.
Cameras, Pencils, Traumas: Drawn Images in and as Documentary Practice
Authors: Mousavi Nafiseh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNight and Fog in Kurdistan, a documentary film in its last stages of post-production at the time this chapter is being written, documents six years in the life of seven teenage girls who survived the ISIS genocide of Yazidis in 2014. Night and Fog in Kurdistan is a hybrid documentary in its way of combining different types of images, various perspectives, and different approaches to documentary filmmaking. In this film, the photographic image is once in a while interrupted and joined by drawings that serve different functions: They illustrate what is being narrated, portray what has not been captured by any media, or reproduce the archival photographic images. Analysing these functions as situated in the broader frame of different media relations, the article aims to investigate the affordances of drawing for documentation, especially in the case of traumatic experiences and in interaction with other modes of representation. The article is based on an analysis of the final cut of the film plus different versions of the drawings as well as two in-depth conversations with the director and her team.
Parental Impressions and Perspectives of Efficacy in Prenatal Counseling for Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Houlihan Taylor Hartzel , Combs Jill , Smith Elizabeth , Coulter Elizabeth , Figueroa Lucia , Falkensammer Christine , Savla Jill , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Degenhardt Karl , Szwast Anita , Shillingford Amanda , Rychik Jack 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough commonly performed, optimal techniques, strategies, and content to achieve the most effective prenatal counseling have not been explored. We investigate the efficacy of prenatal counseling via survey feedback of parents of children with prenatally diagnosed single ventricle. Grades of counseling using a Likert scale (1–5) were solicited to assess: (1) overall impression of quantity of counseling, (2) explanation of the heart defect, (3) preparation for heart surgery, (4) preparation for hospital course and care, (5) preparation for complications and outcomes of a Fontan circulation, and (6) preparation for neurological, school-related, or behavioral problems. Impressions were solicited concerning specific providers. A comprehensive fetal counseling score was calculated for each participant. Burden of care including length of hospitalization was explored as impacting prenatal counseling grades. There were 59 survey respondents. Average age of the children at the time of survey was 4.6 ± 3.3 years (range 1–10 years). Highest grades were for explanation of the heart condition, with lowest grades for preparation for neurological, school-related, or behavioral problems. Cardiac surgeon received the highest with social worker lowest grade for provider. Negative correlation was found between the composite fetal counseling score and parental recollection of length of hospitalization (Pearson r = − 0.357, p < 0.01). Prenatal counseling for neurological, school-related, and behavioral problems in single ventricle is deficient. Further studies analyzing prenatal counseling techniques and content can help improve upon the delivery of this important aspect of prenatal care.
Preoperative evaluation of MRI features and inflammatory biomarkers in predicting microvascular invasion of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Juan , Dong Wei , Liu Wanmin , Fu Jiazhao , Liao Tian , Li Yinqiao , Huo Lei , Jia Ningyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a significant prognostic factor in combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). However, its diagnosis relies on postoperative histopathologic analysis. This study aims to identify preoperative inflammatory biomarkers and MR-imaging features that can predict MVI in cHCC-CCA.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 119 patients with histopathologically confirmed cHCC-CCA between January 2016 and December 2021. Two radiologists, unaware of the clinical data, independently reviewed all MR image features. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the independent predictors for MVI among inflammatory biomarkers and MRI characteristics. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance.

Results
Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified four variables significantly associated with MVI (p < 0.05), including two inflammatory biomarkers [albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-neutrophil ratio index (ANRI)] and two MRI features (non-smooth tumor margin and arterial phase peritumoral enhancement). A combined model for predicting MVI was constructed based on these four variables, with an AUC of 0.802 (95% CI 0.719–0.870). The diagnostic efficiency of the combined model was higher than that of the imaging model.

Conclusion
Inflammatory biomarkers and MRI features could be potential predictors for MVI in cHCC-CCA. The combined model, derived from inflammatory biomarkers and MRI features, showed good performance in preoperatively predicting MVI in cHCC-CCA patients.

Graphical abstract