bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Host Immunological Risk Factors in Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Takahashi Keiso , Ohyama Hideki , Kitanaka Michitaka , Sawa Takamasa , Mineshiba Junji , Nishimura Fusanori , Arai Hideo , Takashiba Shogo , Murayama Yoji 
Published: February 2005

Background: The pathogenesis of early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) can be explained by various host risk factors. Previous studies have focused on a single (among many possible) immunological risk factor and the association among the factors has not been assessed. We comprehensively investigated the associations among multiple host immunological risk factors in EOP patients to further elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of EOP.Methods: Sixty‐eight EOP patients (50 generalized EOP, 18 localized EOP), 51 EOP‐suspected patients (S‐EOP), 43 adult periodontitis (AP) patients, and 36 periodontally healthy subjects (HS) participated in this cross‐sectional study. We examined peripheral neutrophil functions, phenotypic and functional characterization of peripheral lymphocytes (lymphocyte subsets, T‐cell proliferative activity), cytokine productivity (interleukin [IL]‐1, IL‐2, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, interferon [IFN]‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐6), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against 12 periodontal bacteria, and HLA class II genotypes.Results: G‐EOP, S‐EOP, and AP patient groups showed significantly lower percentages of pan T cells and CD8‐positive cells (P <0.02) compared with the HS group. L‐EOP patients showed depressed IL‐4 and TNF‐α productivity compared with the HS group (P <0.02). The EOP group showed significantly elevated antibody levels against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum compared with the HS group (P <0.05). The frequency with DQB1*0503 was significantly higher in the EOP patient group than the HS group (P = 0.045) due to the higher frequency in L‐EOP patients than the HS group (P = 0.035). There were wide interindividual variations in each of the tests among patient and HS groups; however, EOP patients showed wider intradiagnostic group variations in certain host defensive cell functions than the other groups. There were some EOP patients who showed extremely low or high values in some tests; the EOP patients could be further divided into subgroups according to their host defensive and immunological profiles. However, there was heterogeneity in some of the other host immunological tests even in the subgroups.Conclusions: The association of host immunological risk factors in EOP patients is widely varied and more complex than previously thought. These results indicate the difficulty of explaining the pathogenesis of EOP based on a single host risk factor and also emphasize the importance of critical assessment of not only EOP patient groups, but also individual patients. J Periodontol 2001;72:425‐437.
The Characteristic Cellular Organization and CEACAM1 Expression in the Junctional Epithelium of Rats and Mice Are Genetically Programmed and Not Influenced by the Bacterial Microflora
Authors: Heymann Robert , Wroblewski Joanna , Terling Catharina , Midtvedt Tore , Öbrink Björn 
Published: February 2005

Background: The epithelial cell adhesion molecule CEACAM1 exhibits an interesting dynamic expression during tooth development. It is first expressed in the reduced enamel epithelium, its expression then increases in the orally faced reduced epithelium and the overlying oral epithelium that then fuse to give rise to the junctional epithelium. The expression of CEACAM1 remains at high levels in the junctional epithelium, in contrast to the surrounding oral sulcular epithelium which shows much lower expression levels. We investigated if the high expression levels of CEACAM1 and the loosely organized cells characteristic of the junctional epithelium are genetically programmed or result from bacterial infiltration.Methods: Oral tissues from germ‐free rats and mice and animals with conventional bacterial flora were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for CEACAM1.Results: The junctional epithelium of both germ‐free and conventional animals was identical with respect to both CEACAM1 expression and morphology. Also the presence of leukocytes was the same in both types of animals.Conclusions: The results indicate that the characteristic morphology and the high expression levels of CEACAM1 in the junctional epithelium are genetically programmed and not a result of bacterial infiltration. This suggests that CEACAM1 has an important role for the structural integrity of the junctional epithelium. This conclusion was supported by the observation that the junctional epithelium does not express any E‐cadherin, which is another abundant epithelial cell adhesion molecule. J Periodontol 2001;72:454‐460.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: Clinical Manifestations, Microscopic Findings, and Surgical Periodontal Therapy. A Case Report
Authors: Hakki Sema Sezgin , Çelenligil‐Nazliel Haviye , Karaduman Ayşen , Usubütün Alp , Ertoy Dilek , Ayhan Ayşe , Ruacan Şevket 
Published: February 2005

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita EBA) is an uncommon, acquired, chronic subepidermal bullous disease. This report describes a case of EBA with gingival involvement. A 43‐year‐old woman with EBA was referred to our clinic for periodontal therapy because of gingival tenderness and bleeding. She has been on cyclosporin A therapy for the last 2 years.Methods: Clinical findings were analyzed. Anterior gingivectomy operations were performed in 2 stages. The samples obtained during the surgery were examined using histopathologic, immunohistologic, and electronmicroscopic methods. Long‐term effects of the surgical periodontal treatment on gingiva were evaluated both clinically and microscopically.Results: The dentition displayed minimal enamel hypoplasia. Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces score was found to be elevated. Periodontal examination showed generalized diffuse gingival inflammation and gingival enlargement localized mainly to the anterior region. Nikolsky's sign was positive. However, wound healing was uneventful after the operations. Microscopic findings were similar to those obtained from the skin. Twenty‐one months after the operations, Nikolsky's sign was negative and no remarkable gingival inflammation was noted. Microscopic examination revealed that the blisters were fewer in number and smaller in size.Conclusions: These results indicate that gingival tissues may also be involved in EBA. Uneventful wound healing after periodontal surgery in this case suggests that periodontal surgery can be performed in patients with EBA. Moreover, both our clinical and histopathologic findings imply that gingivectomy proves useful in maintaining gingival integrity in thesepatients. Our data may also suggest that the patients with EBA are highly likely to develop dental caries. J Periodontol 2001;72:550‐558.
Smoking Affects the Subgingival Microflora in Periodontitis
Authors: van Winkelhoff A.J. , Bosch‐Tijhof C.J. , Winkel E.G. , van der Reijden W.A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Tobacco smoking has been identified as one major risk factor for destructive periodontal disease. Scaling and root planing have been shown to be less effective in smokers with periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the subgingival microbial flora of treated and untreated smokers and non‐smokers.Methods: Four independent adult patient groups with periodontitis were included in this investigation: 88 untreated smokers (U‐S); 90 untreated non‐smokers (U‐NS); 119 treated non‐smokers (T‐NS); and 171 treated smokers (T‐S). Clinical variables included cumulative plaque index (CPI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), cumulative bleeding index (CBI), and cumulative suppuration index (CSI). Paper point samples from the deepest bleeding pocket in each quadrant of the dentition were analyzed for the presence and levels of 6 periodontal bacterial pathogens using anaerobic culture techniques.Results: U‐S showed a higher mean cumulative plaque index than U‐NS (3.5 versus 2.7). Mean PD and mean CAL were higher in the T‐S in comparison to the T‐NS group (7.0 versus 6.6 mm and 5.6 versus 4.7 mm, respectively). Microbiological characteristics of U‐S were a higher prevalence of Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens and higher mean levels of Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). T‐S patients were characterized by higher prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus (Bf), Pm, and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) and higher mean levels of Pm and Fn. The mean percentage of B. forsythus tended to be higher in the T‐S group than in the T‐NS group (6.9% versus 5.6%). The relative risk to be infected with Bf, Pm, and Cr was statistically higher in smokers (odds ratios: 1.9, 1.9, and 1.6, respectively). The chance to find ≥10% of Bf, Pm, and/or Fn was 3.3 higher in smokers when A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were absent. Detection of ≥20% Pm/Fn in treated patients was strongly associated with smoking (odds ratio 13.8, P = 0.002).Conclusions: Smoking is a determining factor for the composition of the subgingival microflora in adult patients with periodontitis and may select for a specific cluster of periodontal pathogens, notably Bf, Pm, Fn, and Cr. On the basis of these observations, smoking, among other criteria, may be one parameter to use in deciding to treat refractory periodontitis in smokers with a systemic antibiotic therapy directed against smoking‐associated periodontal bacteria. J Periodontol 2001;72:666‐671.
The Effect of Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative on Follicle Cells In Vitro
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Berry Janice E. , Somerman Martha J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: It is thought that during development of the periodontium, dental follicle cells, when appropriately triggered, have the ability to differentiate into periodontal ligament fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. However, the exact mechanisms/factors responsible for initiating cell differentiation are not defined. The purpose of this in vitro study was to further characterize follicle cells and to determine the effects of an enamel matrix‐derived protein (EMD) on these cells.Methods: Murine follicle cells, transformed with simian virus 40 (SV 40) T antigen‐containing virus (SVF cells), were used. SVF cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) plus 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 2% FBS plus EMD (100 µg/ml), with and without ascorbic acid (50 µg/ml). For proliferation assays, cells were plated at 500 cells/cm2 in 24‐well plates and counted on days 3, 4, and 5. For Northern analysis, total RNA was isolated on days 8, 12, and 18. Induction of mineral nodules by SVF cells was determined by von Kossa staining.Results: EMD had a significant proliferative effect on SVF cells, when compared with 2% FBS control. Based on investigations in situ, follicle cells at the time point used here do not express key mineral‐associated markers, e.g., osteocalcin (OCN) or bone sialoprotein (BSP). Significantly, by day 12 in culture, Northern analysis indicated that the follicle cells expressed transcripts for BSP, OCN, and osteopontin (OPN). EMD increased OPN mRNA and decreased OCN mRNA expression. SVF cells were capable of inducing mineralization on day 18, but EMD blocked this activity.Conclusions: These results suggest the follicle cells have the capacity to act as cementoblasts or osteoblasts. Furthermore, EMD can regulate follicle cell activity, thus suggesting that epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions may be important during development of periodontal tissues. J Periodontol 2001;72:679‐687
Prevalence of Dehiscences and Fenestrations in Modern American Skulls
Authors: Rupprecht Robert D. , Horning Gregory M. , Nicoll Brian K. , Cohen Mark E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, distribution, and features of alveolar dehiscences and fenestrations in modern American skulls and correlate their presence with occlusal attrition, root prominence, and alveolar bone thickness.Methods: A representative sample of 146 dentate modern American skulls from a collection at the National Museum of Natural History were examined.Results: The skulls were from subjects ranging in age from 17 to 87 years old (mean 49.1 years). The mean number of teeth per skull was 22.7 and the mean number of either dehiscence or fenestration defects per skull was 3.0. Of the 3,315 individual teeth examined, 4.1% (135) had dehiscences and 9.0% (298) had fenestrations. A dehiscence was present in 40.4% of the skulls, and a fenestration was present in 61.6% of skulls. Mandibular canines were most often affected by dehiscences (12.9%), while maxillary first molars were most often affected by fenestrations (37.0%). Sixty‐seven percent of dehiscences were found in the mandible, and 58% of fenestrations were found in the maxilla.Conclusions: The presence of dehiscences and fenestrations were positively correlated with thin alveolar bone and negatively correlated with occlusal attrition. African‐American males and Caucasian females were significantly more likely to have dehiscences, while African‐American females were significantly more likely to have fenestrations. J Periodontol 2001;72:722‐729.
Effects of Pretreatment Clinical Parameters on Bioactive Glass Implantation in Intrabony Periodontal Defects
Authors: Park Ji‐Sook , Suh Jong‐Jin , Choi Seong‐Ho , Moon Ik‐Sang , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Chai Jung‐Kiu 
Published: February 2005

Background: The various methods for regeneration of periodontal tissue that have been developed can be classified into guided tissue regeneration and bone implantation. Since the implantation materials have shown both deficiencies and merits, dentists have begun exploring the bioactive glass first used in plastic surgery. This paper examines the effectiveness of this new material on periodontal intrabony defects.Methods: Clinical effects of bioactive glass implantation in intrabony periodontal defects were evaluated 6 months after surgery in 38 intrabony defects from 38 patients with chronic periodontitis. Twenty‐one experimental defects received bioactive glass implantation (test group), while 17 control defects were treated with a flap procedure only (control group). The criteria for comparative observation were preoperative and postoperative probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bone probing depth (BPD), and gingival recession.Results: Reductions in PD were observed in both groups (P <0.01). The reduction in PD was significantly greater in the test group when preoperative PD exceeded 7 mm (P <0.01). Improvements in CAL were also observed in both groups (P <0.01), with the test group showing significantly greater gains (P <0.05). In those cases where preoperative CAL was less than 7 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Reduction in BPD was observed in both groups, with the test group showing significantly greater reduction (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in BPD change, however, when preoperative BPD was ≤7 mm. Significantly greater reduction of BPD in the test group was observed when intrabony defect depth was >4 mm (P <0.05). Significant improvements in PD, CAL, and BPD were noted in the test group when the crestal involvement exceeded 100°. Correlation test between various clinical parameters indicated that greater changes in PD and CAL in the test group were observed when preoperative CAL was large (P <0.001), and greater changes in PD (P <0.05), CAL (P <0.01), and BPD (P <0.05) were noted when preoperative BPD was large. Correlation between crestal involvement and CAL change was noted only in the control group (P <0.01). High correlations were observed between PD changes and CAL changes and between CAL changes and BPD changes in both groups.Conclusions: Use of a bone substitute in a flap operation resulted in significantly greater improvements in CAL and BPD over flap operation alone and seemed to have positive effects in postoperative PD, CAL, and BPD in those cases with more severe preoperative CAL and BPD. J Periodontol 2001;72:730‐740.
In Vitro Comparison of Bioabsorbable and Non‐Resorbable Membranes in Bone Regeneration
Authors: Marinucci Lorella , Lilli Cinzia , Baroni Tiziano , Becchetti Ennio , Belcastro Salvatore , Balducci Chiara , Locci Paola 
Published: February 2005

Background: Barrier membranes are used to prevent downgrowth of the oral mucosa along the root surface and to allow alveolar bone regeneration in guided tissue regeneration. Several studies have demonstrated bone regenerates in the presence of bioabsorbable and non‐resorbable membranes, but no studies have compared multiple bioabsorbable barriers to one another and to non‐resorbable barriers. This study evaluated the in vitro influence of bioabsorbable and non‐resorbable membranes on specific parameters of human osteoblast activity.Methods: Human osteoblasts were cultured on bioabsorbable membranes made of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and poly DL‐lactide, and the most common non‐resorbable membrane which is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). The osteoblasts were cultured in vitro for 24 hours on barrier membranes in the presence of 3H‐thymidine and 3H‐proline to study cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) secretion was evaluated in conditioned media using an ELISA kit.Results: The results showed that collagen and poly DL‐lactide stimulated DNA synthesis more than ePTFE and hyaluronic acid. All bioabsorbable membranes significantly increased collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity. Collagen and hyaluronic acid increased secretion of TGF‐β1, a growth factor involved in bone remodeling.Conclusions: These data suggest bioabsorbable membranes, particularly collagen and hyaluronic acid, may promote bone regeneration through their activity on osteoblasts. J Periodontol 2001;72:753‐759.
The Effect of Antimicrobial Periodontal Treatment on Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha and Glycated Hemoglobin Level in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Iwamoto Yoshihiro , Nishimura Fusanori , Nakagawa Masatsugu , Sugimoto Hikaru , Shikata Kenichi , Makino Hirofumi , Fukuda Tetsuya , Tsuji Takao , Iwamoto Masahiro , Murayama Yoji 
Published: February 2005

Background: Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) may play an important role in insulin resistance. In this study, we hypothesized that TNF‐α produced due to periodontal inflammation synergistically affects insulin resistance as well as TNF‐α produced from adipose tissues in insulin‐resistant type 2 diabetes patients. Therefore, to understand the effects of antimicrobial periodontal therapy on serum TNF‐α concentration and subsequent metabolic control of diabetes, we examined the periodontal and diabetic status on 13 type‐2 diabetes patients.Methods: These patients were treated with local minocycline administration in every periodontal pocket around all existing teeth once a week for a month. Before and after treatment, the number of total bacteria in the periodontal pockets and circulating TNF‐α concentration were measured and the HbA1c value was assessed.Results: Antimicrobial therapy significantly reduced the number of microorganisms in periodontal pockets (P <0.01). After treatment, the circulating TNF‐α level was significantly reduced (P <0.015). The HbA1c value was also reduced significantly (P <0.007). In addition, the 6 patients who were not receiving insulin therapy demonstrated decreased fasting insulin levels (P <0.03), and HOMA‐R (P <0.03) indices. The average reductions in circulating TNF‐α concentration and HbA1c value were 0.49 pg/ml and 0.8%, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate that anti‐infectious treatment is effective in improving metabolic control in diabetics, possibly through reduced serum TNF‐α and improved insulin resistance. J Periodontol 2001;72:774‐778.
The Influence of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 Gene Polymorphisms on the Severity of Gingival Overgrowth Associated With Concomitant Use of Cyclosporin A and a Calcium Channel Blocker
Authors: Linden Gerard J. , Haworth Simone E. , Maxwell A. Peter , Poulton Kay V. , Dyer Philip A , Middleton Derek , Irwin Christopher R. , Marley John J. , McNamee Peter , Short Colin D. , Hull Peter S. , James Jacqueline A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the prevalence and severity of gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients concomitantly treated with cyclosporin and a calcium channel blocker was associated with functional polymorphisms within the signal sequence of the transforming growth factor‐(TGF)β1 gene.Methods: The extent and severity of gingival overgrowth for 164 renal transplant recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A and concomitantly taking a calcium channel blocker since transplant were entered into the study (86 in Manchester, 78 in Belfast). Two biallelic polymorphisms of the TGF‐β1 gene were studied at position +869, codon 10 (leucine to proline substitution), and position +915, codon 25 (arginine to proline substitution).Results: Subjects who were homozygous for proline at codon 10 had significantly higher overgrowth scores than those who were heterozygous (P = 0.03) or homozygous for leucine (P = 0.01). Subjects who were heterozygous (arginine/proline) at codon 25 had a significantly higher (P = 0.04) gingival overgrowth score than those who were homozygous for arginine. Logistic regression analysis indicated that for codon 25 independent predictors of severe gingival overgrowth were the heterozygous arginine/proline genotype (P = 0.009) and whether the individual was young (P = 0.05).Conclusions: Polymorphisms in the TGF‐β1 gene influence the expression of gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients concomitantly treated with cyclosporin and a calcium channel blocker. The polymorphism in the TGF‐β1 gene at codon 25 represented an independent genetic determinant of severe gingival overgrowth in the susceptible subjects studied. J Periodontol 2001;72:808‐814.
Interleukin‐1β Regulation of Adhesion Molecules on Human Gingival and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: Joe Brandon H. , Borke James L. , Keskintepe Meral , Hanes Philip J. , Mailhot Jason M. , Singh Baldev B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Adhesion molecules have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease by promoting the recruitment and retention of leukocytes in gingival tissue.Methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) to regulate adhesion molecule expression on clinically healthy human gingival (HGF) and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. The HGF (n = 6) and PDL (n = 3) fibroblasts were treated with 1.0 ng/ml of IL‐1β for 24 hours and then incubated with primary intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) antibodies followed by FITC‐conjugated secondary antibodies. The expression of ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 was measured by immunofluorescence flow cytometry.Results: The levels of ICAM‐1 expression in IL‐1β treated HGF and PDL fibroblasts were statistically significant (P ≤0.05) compared to normal untreated controls using log‐transformed data and 3‐way analysis of variance. Both cells expressed VCAM‐1 after IL‐1β treatment, but the levels were not statistically different from controls.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that IL‐1β upregulated ICAM‐1 expression in both HGF and PDL fibroblasts. Even though the level of VCAM‐1 was not statistically different from both HGF and PDL fibroblasts treated with IL‐1β compared to controls, both cells do express the VCAM‐1 molecules. These results suggest that ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2001;72:865‐870.