bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Antiferromagnets for Spintronics
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Liu Li , Zhou Xiaorong , Meng Ziang , Wang Xiaoning , Duan Zhiyuan , Zhao Guojian , Yan Han , Qin Peixin , Liu Zhiqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAntiferromagnets constitute promising contender materials for next‐generation spintronic devices with superior stability, scalability, and dynamics. Nevertheless, the perception of well‐established ferromagnetic spintronics underpinned by spontaneous magnetization seemed to indicate the inadequacy of antiferromagnets for spintronics—their compensated magnetization has been perceived to result in uncontrollable antiferromagnetic order and subtle magnetoelectronic responses. However, remarkable advancements have been achieved in antiferromagnetic spintronics in recent years, with consecutive unanticipated discoveries substantiating the feasibility of antiferromagnet‐centered spintronic devices. It is emphasized that, distinct from ferromagnets, the richness in complex antiferromagnetic crystal structures is the unique and essential virtue of antiferromagnets that can open up their endless possibilities of novel phenomena and functionality for spintronics. In this Perspective, the recent progress in antiferromagnetic spintronics is reviewed, with a particular focus on that based on several kinds of antiferromagnets with special antiferromagnetic crystal structures. The latest developments in efficiently manipulating antiferromagnetic order, exploring novel antiferromagnetic physical responses, and demonstrating prototype antiferromagnetic spintronic devices are discussed. An outlook on future research directions is also provided. It is hoped that this Perspective can serve as guidance for readers who are interested in this field and encourage unprecedented studies on antiferromagnetic spintronic materials, phenomena, and devices.
In‐Situ Polymer Framework Strategy Enabling Printable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells by Mitigating “Coffee Ring” Effect
Authors: Li Linfeng , Huang Zengqi , Meng Xiangchuan , Xing Zhi , Fan Baojin , Li Jiaxuan , Chen Yiwang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are considered ideal candidates for future photovoltaic applications due to their excellent photovoltaic properties. Although solution‐printed manufacturing has shown inherent potential for the low‐cost, high‐throughput production of thin‐film semiconductor electronics, the high‐quality and high‐reproducibility deposition of large‐area perovskite remains a bottleneck that restricts their commercialization due to the droplet coffee‐ring effect (CRE). In this study, these issues are addressed by introducing an in situ polymer framework. The 3D framework formed by spontaneous cross‐linking improves the precursor viscosity and homogenizes its heat diffusion coefficient, counteracting the lateral capillary flow of the colloidal particles and anchoring their flocculent movement. Thus, the Marangoni convection intensity is properly controlled to ensure high‐quality perovskite films, which significantly enhances reproducibility in printing efficient photovoltaics by mitigating the CRE. Subsequently, the perovskite solar cells and modules achieve power conversion efficiencies of 23.94 and 17.53%, and exhibit positive environmental stability, retaining over 90 and 78% efficiency after storage for 2500 and 1600 h, respectively. This work may serves as a foundation for exploring precursor rheology to match the homogeneous deposition requirements of perovskite photovoltaics and facilitating the advancement of their printing manufacturing and commercialization transition.
Recent Advances of Green Electricity Generation: Potential in Solar Interfacial Evaporation System
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Cao Xiqian , Cui Xinyue , Wang Haijian , Zhang Haoran , Wang Kaiwen , Li Xibao , Li Zhengtong , Zhou Yingtang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has played a pivotal role in optimizing water‐energy utilization, reducing conventional power costs, and mitigating environmental impacts. The increasing emphasis on the synergistic cogeneration of water and green electricity through SDIE is particularly noteworthy. However, there is a gap of existing reviews that have focused on the mechanistic understanding of green power from water‐electricity cogeneration (WEC) systems, the structure‐activity relationship between efficiency of green energy utilization in WEC and material design in SDIE. Particularly, it lacks a comprehensive discussion to address the challenges faced in these areas along with potential solutions. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively assess the progress and future perspective of green electricity from WEC systems by investigating the potential expansion of SDIE. First, it provides a comprehensive overview about material rational design, thermal management, and water transportation tunnels in SDIE. Then, it summarizes diverse energy sources utilized in the SDIE process, including steaming generation, photovoltaics, salinity gradient effect, temperature gradient effect, and piezoelectric effect. Subsequently, it explores factors that affect generated green electricity efficiency in WEC. Finally, this review proposes challenges and possible solution in the development of WEC.
Flexible Cages Enable Robust Supramolecular Elastomers
Authors: Xu Jing , Shao Mingchao , Wang Xiaoyue , Chen Tianze , Li Song , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Tingmei , Zhang Yaoming , Yang Zenghui , Wang Qihua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdvances in modern industrial technology continue to place stricter demands on engineering polymeric materials, but simultaneously possessing superior strength and toughness remains a daunting challenge. Herein, a pioneering flexible cage‐reinforced supramolecular elastomer (CSE) is reported that exhibits superb robustness, tear resistance, anti‐fatigue, and shape memory properties, achieved by innovatively introducing organic imide cages (OICs) into supramolecular networks. Intriguingly, extremely small amounts of OICs make the elastomer stronger, significantly improving mechanical strength (85.0 MPa; ≈10‐fold increase) and toughness (418.4 MJ m−3; ≈7‐fold increase). Significantly, the cooperative effect of gradient hydrogen bonds and OICs is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated as flexible nodes, enabling more robust supramolecular networks. In short, the proposed strengthening strategy of adding flexible cages effectively balances the inherent conflict between material strength and toughness, and the prepared CSEs are anticipated to be served in large‐scale devices such as TBMs in the future.
De‐epimerization of Monosaccharides by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: Ligand‐Controlled Synthesis of O‐Aryl‐Glycosides through Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Liu Hou Tian‐Yang , Li Yi‐Xian , Jia Yue‐Mei , Yu Chu‐Yi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report a strategy for stereoselective O‐aryl‐glycoside synthesis by copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of a variety of anomeric sugars and (hetero)aromatic iodides. Stereocontrol of the α/β selectivity can be successfully realized by slight structural modifications of the oxalic diamide ligands. Mechanistic studies indicated a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) reaction mechanism controlled by the ligand structures. This reaction could be performed on gram scale, and has also been applied to the synthesis of some natural products.
Identifying key sectors of sustainable development: A Bayesian framework estimating policy‐impacts in a general equilibrium
Authors: Ziesmer Johannes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransformation of the previous centrally growth‐oriented economic systems to a sustainable bio‐economy is a global political trend, where public policy is a key factor in making this successful. Designing effective and efficient policies requires understanding the linkages between policy choices and outcomes. Most existing studies are missing a direct link to policy choices and ignore fundamental model uncertainty present in policy analysis. We empirically estimate a sector‐specific, nested two‐stage policy impact function to address these shortcomings. We apply a Bayesian estimation approach that combines existing statistical data with a priori information from political experts, thus reducing data and estimation problems. This is linked with a Computable General Equilibrium to model the entire link from policies to outcomes. We derive a theoretical framework that allows the definition of indicators for key sectors of an efficient Pro‐Poor‐Growth strategy. In our generalized framework, we show that indicators based only on growth‐poverty linkages might be misleading. To deal with model uncertainty inherent in the application, we derive a set of metamodels via simulations conducted under different model parameter settings and apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. Applying Bayesian model selection allows drawing statistical inferences on competing models to generate relatively robust policy‐relevant messages even under model uncertainty. The approach is empirically applied to Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda, analyzing the allocation of public spending on agriculture under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme. [EconLit Citations: C11—Bayesian Analysis: General; C63—Computational Techniques, Simulation Modeling; D58—Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models; O55—Africa; Q01—Sustainable Development; Q18—Agricultural Policy].
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Filardi Marco , Gnoni Valentina , Tamburrino Ludovica , Nigro Salvatore , Urso Daniele , Vilella Davide , Tafuri Benedetta , Giugno Alessia , De Blasi Roberto , Zoccolella Stefano , Logroscino Giancarlo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSleep and rest–activity rhythm alterations are common in neurodegenerative diseases. However, their characterization in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has proven elusive. We investigated rest–activity rhythm alterations, sleep disturbances, and their neural correlates in bvFTD.METHODSTwenty‐seven bvFTD patients and 25 healthy controls completed sleep questionnaires and underwent 7 days of actigraphy while concurrently maintaining a sleep diary. Cortical complexity and thickness were calculated from T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images.RESULTSCompared to controls, bvFTD patients showed longer time in bed (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.31, 321.83) and total sleep time (95% CI: 24.38, 321.88), lower sleep efficiency (95% CI: −12.58, −95.54), and rest–activity rhythm alterations in the morning and early afternoon. Increased sleep duration was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal regions.DISCUSSIONPatients with bvFTD showed longer sleep duration, lower sleep quality, and rest–activity rhythm alterations. Actigraphy could serve as a cost‐effective and accessible tool for ecologically monitoring changes in sleep duration in bvFTD patients.Highlights
We assessed sleep and circadian rhythms in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) using actigraphy.
Patients with bvFTD show increased sleep duration and reduced sleep quality.
Patients with bvFTD show rest–activity alterations in the morning and early afternoon.
Sleep duration is associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal regions.
These alterations may represent an early sign of neurodegeneration.
Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation Enables Direct Synthesis of Atropisomeric Phosphines
Authors: Li Zexian , Xu Weipeng , Song Shuaishuai , Wang Minyan , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtropisomeric phosphines hold considerable significance in asymmetric catalysis, yet their synthesis presents a formidable challenge owing to intricate multistep procedures. In this context, a groundbreaking methodology has been presented for their preparation. This innovative approach entails an atroposelective rhodium‐catalyzed C−H activation employing aryl and heteroaryl halides, chelated by a P(III) center. The essence of this strategy lies in its ability to directly construct chiral phosphine ligands in a single step, thereby exhibiting exceptional efficiency in terms of atom and redox economy. Illustrative examples serve to demonstrate the immense potential of in situ‐formed ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic experiments have further provided invaluable insights into this transformation.
The effect of a ‘Sip til Send’ policy on patient satisfaction: a quality improvement project
Authors: Wiles M. D. , Macdonald A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryPatients often are nil by mouth for prolonged periods pre‐operatively, which is associated with adverse effects including discomfort, anxiety, thirst and nausea. As a result, several hospitals have introduced a more liberal regimen of pre‐operative drinking, with patients encouraged to sip small volumes of water until transfer to the operating theatre (‘Sip til Send’). The impact of ‘Sip til Send’ on patient satisfaction is still to be determined. We hypothesised that the introduction of a ‘Sip til Send’ policy would increase patient's satisfaction with their pre‐operative fluid management regimen. We conducted a staged implementation of a ‘Sip til Send’ quality improvement initiative in two campuses of a large tertiary teaching hospital. This involved a targeted education and implementation programme that was refined and delivered through ‘plan, do, study and act’ cycles. Patient satisfaction with their pre‐operative fluid management was measured by rating the statement “I am happy with the management of pre‐operative drinking”, against a five‐point Likert scale (0, strongly disagree; 1, disagree; 2, neutral; 3, agree; and 4, strongly agree). Patient satisfaction with pre‐operative fluid management was high at baseline, with pooled data for both campuses showing a median (IQR [range]) satisfaction score of 4 (3–4 [1–4]). After the implementation of ‘Sip til Send’, this improved to a median (IQR [range]) satisfaction score of 4 (4–4 [2–4]) (p < 0.001). The introduction of a ‘Sip til Send’ policy resulted in an increase in patient satisfaction. Key factors in successful implementation included the provision of a clear explanation of the underlying rationale to patients, nursing and anaesthetic staff, and establishing the policy as the default position for all elective patients.
Implementation of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 2022 paediatric guidelines in a child with mandibular metastasis
Authors: Larkins M. , Iasiello J. , Travia K. , Pasli M. , Cai S. , Hutton A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway differ significantly from prior guidelines, particularly regarding paediatric patients. These guidelines place new emphasis on establishing a multidisciplinary team led by an anaesthetist trained in paediatric anaesthesia. Here, we demonstrate the clinical application of the new guidelines by presenting the case of a 16‐month‐old girl with a rapidly growing mandibular mass. The new guidelines stipulated the need for multidisciplinary team assembly; planning with indirect laryngoscopy; the availability of surgical tracheostomy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; and multiple ‘time out’ stops to confirm team members and plans. The patient tolerated induction of general anaesthesia and mask‐ventilation and tracheal intubation was achieved uneventfully on the first attempt. Her trachea was extubated uneventfully 5 days later. We emphasise the importance of paediatric anaesthesia training and videolaryngoscopy and discuss components of the 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway with reference to a successful outcome in a paediatric difficult airway scenario.
Teaching respect for body donors: A US medical student perspective
Authors: Choi William J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent controversies over the mismanagement of body donors in US medical schools have raised public concerns over the ethical treatment of bodies in “anatomical gift” programs. Despite widespread moral outrage at such cases, medical students may still make seemingly inconsequential mistakes or jokes that in fact constitute acts of disrespect. This may partially be attributed to the process of desensitization in working with human remains, and indicates a further need to inculcate into medical students the ethical responsibilities of working with body donors. Donation agreement statements that lack specific information about the respectful treatment of bodies in the anatomy laboratory may serve as an additional point of concern for potential donors seeking reassurance about the future treatment of their bodies. This viewpoint draws from the anecdotal experiences of medical students to portray two scenarios of medical students' disrespectful conduct toward body donors, and constructs an account of moral respect for human remains based on respect for posthumous autonomy and respect in attitude. It then provides suggestions for US medical schools to incorporate this ethical framework into their anatomy curricula to instill respectful dispositions in its students and facilitate a more robust informed consent process for potential donors who entrust their bodies to medical students.
Does regular attendance in supplemental virtual near‐peer tutoring in anatomy laboratory content improve anatomy performance for medical students?
Authors: Doty Julie E. , Thompson Nathan E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNear‐peer tutoring (NPT) programs are popular vehicles to supplement traditional delivery of medical school curricula, including for anatomy laboratory (AL) content. While NPT programs can result in improved preclinical coursework performance for tutees, little to no data specifically show a benefit of NPT in AL course performance. In 2021, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine launched an NPT program where qualified second‐year students led group tutoring sessions for first‐year students. This study investigated whether participation and level of attendance in AL NPT sessions were associated with greater examination‐to‐examination improvement in AL performance. Student attendance at AL sessions in the NPT program was categorized as either regular (10 or more sessions), moderate (5–9 sessions), infrequent (1–4 sessions), or never during one semester. For the first 2 years of the NPT program, attendance frequency at AL tutoring sessions had a significant impact on average exam‐to‐exam improvement (p < 0.05). Overall, students who attended tutoring at any frequency had greater exam‐to‐exam improvement than students who never attended (p < 0.05). However, this trend was only significant in 1 of 2 years investigated. These data show that NPT programs can, though not uniformly, benefit student outcomes in AL coursework. With these data, this study provides additional details on the level of attendance necessary for expected improvements in AL coursework.
High‐fat diet induced obesity promotes inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity in female FVB/N mice
Authors: Ofosu‐Boateng Malvin , Shaik Fathima , Choi Sora , Ekuban Frederick A. , Gebreyesus Lidya H. , Twum Elizabeth , Nnamani Daniel O. , Yeyeodu Susan T. , Yadak Nour , Collier Daniel M. , Gyamfi Maxwell A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough obesity and subsequent liver injury are increasingly prevalent in women, female mouse models have generally shown resistance to high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. We evaluated control and HFD‐fed male and female FVB/N mice, a strain well‐suited to transgenic analyses, for phenotypic, histological, and molecular markers related to control of glucose, lipids, and inflammation in serum, liver, and perigonadal white adipose tissues. Unlike many mouse models, HFD‐fed FVB/N females gained more perigonadal and mesenteric fat mass and overall body weight than their male counterparts, with increased hepatic expression of lipogenic PPARγ target genes (Cd36, Fsp27, and Fsp27β), oxidative stress genes and protein (Nqo1 and CYP2E1), inflammatory gene (Mip‐2), and the pro‐fibrotic gene Pai‐1, along with increases in malondialdehyde and serum ALT levels. Further, inherent to females (independently of HFD), hepatic antioxidant heme oxygenase‐1 (HMOX1, HO‐1) protein levels were reduced compared to their male counterparts. In contrast, males may have been relatively protected from HFD‐induced oxidative stress and liver injury by elevated mRNA and protein levels of hepatic antioxidants BHMT and Gpx2, increased fatty acid oxidation genes in liver and adipocytes (Pparδ), despite disorganized and inflamed adipocytes. Thus, female FVB/N mice offer a valuable preclinical, genetically malleable model that recapitulates many of the features of diet‐induced obesity and liver damage observed in human females.
Psychotherapists’ perspectives on loss of sense of control
Authors: Riachi Eve , Holma Juha , Laitila Aarno 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionSense of control is an integral part of well‐being. Studies have reported on the connection between loss of control and psychological symptoms. However, loss of sense of control has not yet been studied from the perspective of psychotherapists.MethodsThis
study had three research objectives: to find out how psychotherapists define loss of sense of control, whether they consider loss of sense of control to play a role in the start of psychological symptoms, and, if so, in what cases. Lebanese psychotherapists were interviewed and the data were then analyzed using frame analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed two definitions for loss of sense of control and conflicting views on whether it plays a role in the onset of disorders. Problems within relationships and stress were the most mentioned examples of loss of sense of control.ConclusionThe findings shed light on psychotherapists’ diverse opinions and explanations regarding the role of loss of sense of control in the development of psychological symptoms.
Instrumental variables in real‐world clinical studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease: Systematic review of the subject‐matter argumentation, falsification test, and study design strategies to justify a valid instrument
Authors: Hiu Shaun , Yong Tingting , Hasoon Jahfer , Teare M. Dawn , Taylor John‐Paul , Lin Nan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe systematically reviewed how investigators argued for and justified the validity of their instrumental variables (IV) in clinical studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease.MethodsWe included studies using IV analysis with observational data to investigate causal effects in clinical research studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. We reported the subject‐matter argumentation, falsification test, and study design strategies used to satisfy the three assumptions of a valid IV: relevance, exclusion restriction, and exchangeability.ResultsJustification for the relevance assumption was performed in all 12 included studies, exclusion restriction in seven studies, and exchangeability in nine studies. Two subject‐matter argumentation strategies emerged from seven studies on the relevance of their IV. All studies except one provided quantitative evidence for the strength of the association between the IV and exposure variable. Four argumentation strategies emerged for exclusion restriction from six studies. Four falsification tests were performed across three studies. Three argumentation strategies emerged for exchangeability across four studies. Nine falsification tests were performed across nine studies. Two notable study design strategies were reported.ConclusionOur results reinforce IV analysis as a feasible option for clinical researchers in dementia and neurodegenerative disease by clarifying known strategies used to validate an IV.