bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between positron emission tomography and computed tomography in the use of the assessment of esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Nakajima Masanobu , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Yoshikawa Minako , Ojima Hitoshi , Tsukada Katsuhiko , Oriuchi Noboru , Inoue Tomio , Endo Keigo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role and potential value of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in certain tumors has been widely investigated in recent years. The authors retrospectively assessed the performance of 18‐F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET in the assessment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).METHODSThe results using PET were compared with those using computed tomography (CT), and these were correlated with the pathologic findings. The authors studied 32 patients with thoracic esophageal SCC who had undergone radical esophagectomy.RESULTSUptake of FDG in the primary tumor was found in 25 of the 32 (78.1%) cases. Comparison of the FDG uptake and the clinicopathologic findings showed that there was a significant association between the FDG uptake and each of the depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.05), occurrence of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), and lymphatic invasion (P < 0.01). The survival rate in cases with high FDG uptake (standardized uptake value [SUV], >3) was significantly lower than that in cases with low FDG uptake (SUV, < 3; P < 0.05). In the evaluation of lymph node staging by the detection of lymph node metastasis, FDG‐PET showed 77.8% sensitivity, 92.9% specificity, and 84.4% accuracy, and CT scanning showed 61.1% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity, and 65.6% accuracy. Positron emission tomography scanning showed a high degree of accuracy in the neck, upper thoracic, and abdominal regions. However, in the mid‐ and lower thoracic regions, the sensitivity was very low. The smallest lymph node metastasis that was detected by FDG‐PET imaging was 6 mm. The average size of lymph node metastasis that was undetected by FDG‐PET scanning was 7.3 mm (range, 1–17 mm).CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, FDG‐PET may be used as a noninvasive diagnostic technique in assessing the aggressiveness of the tumor and the prognosis in patients with esophageal SCC. During the preoperative diagnostic procedures, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of lymph node staging is higher with FDG‐PET than with CT imaging. In view of the high specificity of FDG‐PET, it also gives useful information to guide the choice of treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:921–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10330
Chemoprevention of gastrointestinal malignancies with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Shaheen Nicholas J. , Straus Walter L. , Sandler Robert S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn multiple studies, the chronic use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with a decreased incidence of several types of gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasia. This effect may be mediated by one of several intracellular mechanisms, some of which involve the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) isoenzyme. In multiple studies of colorectal carcinoma, chronic NSAID use has shown a protective effect, with the majority of studies demonstrating a 30–70% risk reduction associated with NSAID use. The effect of NSAIDs on other types of GI neoplasia is less clear, but evidence suggests that chronic NSAID use may diminish the risk of esophageal and gastric carcinomas. Data assessing the effects of NSAIDs on the incidence of pancreatic and hepatic malignancies currently are too sparse and inconsistent to draw any conclusions. The newer COX‐2 specific agents may provide a less GI‐toxic alternative to nonselective NSAIDs as chemoprotective agents. Cancer 2002;94:950–63. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10333
Quality of life of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Talmi Yoav P. , Horowitz Zeev , Bedrin Lev , Wolf Michael , Chaushu Gavriel , Kronenberg Jona , Pfeffer M. Raphael 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuality of life (QOL) issues in patients with head and neck carcinoma are of importance beyond the incidence of these tumors because of the impact of the disease and its treatment on external appearance and function of the upper aerodigestive tract. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients comprise a unique subgroup in whom, to our knowledge, QOL has not been studied directly.METHODSAdult patients with NPC treated during the past 15 years at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months were included in the current study. Patients were mailed the revised University of Washington quality of life (UW‐QOL) questionnaire and data pertaining to their disease were recorded. Patients with recurrent disease or another malignancy or those whose present status could not be ascertained were excluded from the study. QOL scores were analyzed based on treatment, disease stage, and patient age.RESULTSTwenty‐eight patients of 35 disease‐free patients (80%) responded to the questionnaire sent to patients meeting the study criteria. The mean score for general health was 3.1 (range, 1–5). Pain was not a significant factor. Other domains without noteworthy problems were speech and shoulder disability. The majority of patients described their appearance as normal or with minor changes, and questions concerning activity, recreation/entertainment, employment, and swallowing all scored > 70 (range, 0–100). Dry mouth, chewing, and ear problems were of major concern with the majority of patients and affected the QOL indices. Nevertheless, the overall mean QOL score of these patients was rated as “good” (4.2 on a scale of 1–6).CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, patients with NPC reported ear problems, difficulties in chewing, and dry mouth but their overall QOL appeared to be good. Ear problems such as secretory otitis media should be recognized at the time of presentation and treated. Conformal radiotherapy techniques sparing the salivary glands and temporal bone most likely will be useful in reducing the morbidity associated with treatment. Cancer 2002;94:1012–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10342
Ossifying malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the liver
Authors: Heywood Glenroy , Burgart Lawrence J. , Nagorney David M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDMalignant mixed tumors of the liver in adults are rare. To the authors' knowledge, twenty‐four cases of primary malignant mixed hepatic tumors have been reported in the literature since the first description by Walter in 1896. Many of the previously reported cases are now considered mixed hepatoblastoma, primary hepatocellular carcinomas with focal sarcomatous metaplasia, or epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.METHODSClinical, radiologic, histologic and immunohistochemic methods were used to characterize an unusual example of a mixed malignant tumor of the adult liver that the authors descriptively refer to as “ossifying malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor” of the liver.RESULTSIn contrast to previously reported cases, the tumor in question was morphologically distinct. It was composed of three distinct neoplastic phenotypes: malignant spindle cells, with adenocarcinomatous differentiation, and extensive osteoid formation. The tumor was treated by partial hepatectomy. The patient was alive 8 years postoperatively as of December 2001. The distinctive combination of morphologic features and prolonged survival are much different from previously reported cases of mixed malignant hepatic tumors, which were typically rapidly fatal.CONCLUSIONSThe authors believe that the clinical and pathologic features of this patient's tumor are sufficiently distinctive to exclude it from the well‐established categories of hepatic neoplasms. Histologically, the authors suggest the descriptive name “ossifying malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the liver” as a preliminary description for this tumor until the origin and relationship to other hepatic neoplasms are further characterized. Cancer 2002;94:1018–22. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10345
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Zlotecki Robert A. , Scarborough Mark T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn the current review, the authors set out to discuss the natural history and treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), a rare indolent cutaneous tumor. Approximately 10–15% of all DFSPs contain areas of fibrosarcoma (DFSP‐FS), and such cases tend to exhibit more aggressive behavior. The optimal treatment for DFSP is resection with wide margins; the likelihood of local control associated with this procedure exceeds 90%. The probability of regional or distant metastases is ≤ 5%. Patients with positive or close surgical margins have an elevated risk of local recurrence after resection alone; however, postoperative radiotherapy results in local control rates of ≥ 85% in such patients. Postoperative radiotherapy also is indicated in the rare event that a patient has unresectable macroscopic disease. Experience with the use of radiotherapy alone to treat macroscopic disease is limited. Cancer 2004 © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Genetic similarities between Spitz nevus and Spitzoid melanoma in children
Authors: Gill Melissa , Cohen Jason , Renwick Neil , Mones Joan M. , Silvers David N. , Çelebi Jülide Tok 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDMelanoma in children is rare. Diagnosis of the subtype of melanoma known as Spitzoid melanoma can be extremely challenging in this age group. Spitzoid melanoma clinically and histopathologically resembles a benign melanocytic proliferation referred to as Spitz nevus. In some cases, distinction between the two is impossible. Initial misdiagnoses of Spitzoid melanomas as Spitz nevi, thus leading to fatal outcomes, have occurred. The genetic basis and biologic behavior of Spitzoid melanoma is unknown. Although melanoma specimens exhibit high rates of mutation in the B‐RAF and N‐RAS genes, the Spitzoid melanoma subtype has not been evaluated. Spitz nevi have been found to be associated with a low percentage of mutations in the H‐RAS gene; however, the mutational profile of H‐RAS in Spitzoid melanoma is unknown.METHODSThe authors evaluated a unique series of melanomas occurring in prepubescent children that showed Spitz nevus–like histopathology (Spitzoid melanoma). All of the melanomas in the current series have metastasized to lymph nodes, confirming the diagnosis of melanoma. The authors examined these tumors, as well as age‐matched Spitz nevi, for mutations in the B‐RAF, N‐RAS, and H‐RAS genes.RESULTSActivating hotspot mutations in the B‐RAF, N‐RAS, and H‐RAS genes were not identified in Spitzoid melanoma or Spitz nevus specimens.CONCLUSIONSThere are genetic similarities with respect to the B‐RAF, N‐RAS, and H‐RAS genes between Spitzoid melanoma and Spitz nevi. Such similarities further differentiate these two tumor types from other melanoma subtypes and from melanocytic nevi, respectively. However, mutation analysis of B‐RAF, N‐RAS, and H‐RAS was not useful in differentiating between Spitzoid melanoma and Spitz nevus in children. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Neovascularization of bone marrow in patients with diffuse multiple myeloma
Authors: Baur Andrea , Bartl Reiner , Pellengahr Christoph , Baltin Vivian , Reiser Maximilian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of the current study was to assess the correlation between bone marrow histology and contrast enhancement in infiltrative diffuse myeloma.METHODSForty‐four patients with homogeneous diffuse infiltration of bone marrow by multiple myeloma were examined using magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. The sequence protocol included T1‐weighted spin‐echo (pre– and post–gadolinium dimeglumine administration) and short–inversion time inversion recovery sequences. The percent increase in signal after intravenous gadolinium administration was calculated in bone marrow from patients with myeloma and from a control group of 86 patients who did not have bone marrow disease. Grade of infiltration with plasma cells, fat cell content, and hematopoietic marrow content were evaluated via histologic assessment of bone marrow, and microvessel density was evaluated via anti‐CD34‐positive immunostaining.RESULTSIncreased microvessel density was observed in association with increasing plasma cell content (Kruskall–Wallis test: P < 0.0001). Contrast enhancement increased in a stepwise manner according to grade of microvessel density (Mann–Whitney U test: P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 for increases from low to intermediate and intermediate to high grade) and was significantly higher in patients with myeloma compared with control patients (Mann–Whitney U test: P < 0.001). A significant correlation also was found between histologic extent of tumor infiltration and contrast enhancement (Mann–Whitney U test: P < 0.0001). The mean level of contrast enhancement was 18% in the control group, 26% in patients with low‐grade infiltration, 49% in patients with intermediate‐grade infiltration, and 90% in patients with high‐grade infiltration. In addition, fat cell content was found to be inversely correlated with contrast enhancement (chi‐square test: P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSAs a consequence of increased microvessel density, decreased fat cell content, and increased cellularity, the presence of diffuse bone marrow infiltration in patients with multiple myeloma can be verified using gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Successful human ovarian autotransplantation to the upper arm
Authors: Hilders Carina G. , Baranski Andrzej G. , Peters Lex , Ramkhelawan Andre , Trimbos J. Baptist 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn young patients with cervical carcinoma, the standard surgical treatment is often followed by postoperative radiotherapy. This treatment strategy, although resulting in a significant increase in cure rates, often causes infertility and premature ovarian failure. Ovarian autotransplantation outside the field of radiotherapy is a new technique to preserve gonadal function.One ovary was transplanted to the left upper arm during the surgical treatment for cervical carcinoma. Vascular anastomoses were performed by microsurgery. After transplantation, the ovary showed adequate arterial and venous blood flow. By clinical examination and ultrasound monitoring, the ovarian cycles remained regular and follicle growth occurred normally for > 1 year. Heterotopic autotransplantation of the ovary to the upper arm is a promising surgical technique to maintain the ovarian function in women who become menopausal due to cancer treatment regimens. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The SOD2 Val/Val genotype enhances the risk of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma by p53 and XRCC1 polymorphisms
Authors: Liu Geoffrey , Zhou Wei , Park Sohee , Wang Lisa I. , Miller David P. , Wain John C. , Lynch Thomas J. , Su Li , Christiani David C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDExogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces DNA damage. Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals, a major type of ROS, into hydrogen peroxide. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene, and X‐ray cross‐complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is involved in the base‐excision repair of ROS‐induced DNA damage.METHODSThe authors investigated whether the SOD2 Ala16Val polymorphism modifies the associations between p53 Arg72Pro and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms and the risk of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in a case–control study of 935 Caucasian patients with NSCLC and 1233 healthy control participants. The results were analyzed using logistic regression models that were adjusted for possible confounding variables.RESULTSThere was no association between p53 or XRCC1 polymorphism and NSCLC risk for individuals with SOD2 Ala/Ala or Ala/Val genotype. For individuals with the SOD2 Val/Val genotype, greater risks were found in association with p53 (variant Pro allele vs. Arg/Arg), XRCC1 (variant Gln allele vs. Arg/Arg), and the combination of the two polymorphisms (“double variant” vs. “double wild type”), with the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.84 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20–2.82), 1.39 (95% CI, 0.98–2.21), and 2.54 (95% CI, 1.38–4.68), respectively. Furthermore, the greater risk for the double variant of p53 and XRCC1 in the SOD2 Val/Val genotype group was specific only for patients with adenocarcinoma and not for patients with squamous cell carcinoma, with adjusted ORs of 3.31 (95% CI, 1.68–6.51) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.24–2.02), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe SOD2 Val/Val genotype may increase the risk of NSCLC carried by XRCC1 and p53 polymorphisms, particularly for adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Convexity and all‐time C∞‐regularity of the interface in flame propagation
Authors: Daskalopoulos P. , Lee Ki‐Ahm 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe consider the following one‐phase free boundary problem: Find (u, Ω) such that Ω = {u > 0} and

with QT = ℝn × (0, T). Under the condition that Ωo is convex and log uo is concave, we show that the convexity of Ω(t) and the concavity of log u(·, t) are preserved under the flow for 0 ≤ t ≤ T as long as ∂Ω(t) and u on Ω(t) are smooth. As a consequence, we show the existence of a smooth‐up‐to‐the‐interface solution, on 0 < t < Tc, with Tc denoting the extinction time of Ω(t). We also provide a new proof of a short‐time existence with C2,α initial data on the general domain. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Performance evaluation of Data Distribution Management strategies
Authors: Boukerche Azzedine , Dzermajko Caron 
Published: November 2004

AbstractData Distribution Management (DDM) is a High Level Architecture/Run‐Time Infrastructure (HLA/RTI) service that manages the distribution of state updates and interaction information in large‐scale distributed simulations and limits and controls the volume of data exchanged during the simulation.In this paper, we describe a mini‐RTI framework that we have developed in an effort to determine the most efficient model for applying the DDM service and the limitations of the scalability of various DDM methods. We study and compare the performance of the following five DDM strategies: two variations of the fixed‐based method, two variations of the dynamics grid‐based scheme and the region‐based method. Due to a lack of accepted benchmarks, we also propose a variety of workloads and scenarios, which we hope will become a standards benchmark within the distributed simulation communities. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyelectrolytes inhibition effect on crystallization of gypsum
Authors: Doğan Ö. , Akyol E. , Öner M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe spontaneous precipitation of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) at 30 °C was investigated in the presence of polyelectrolytes. The degree of inhibition is measured as the reduction in initial crystallization rate, determined by conductivity of the crystallizing solution. The inhibition increases with acid content of the copolymer. Changing the butyl ester to a hydrophilic ethylene oxide resulted in higher inhibition efficiency. The inhibition efficiency is believed to arise from the closer chain packing on the crystal surface. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A study on the tie‐set graph theory and network flow optimization problems
Authors: Koide Toshio , Kubo Haruki , Watanabe Hitoshi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAiming at establishing a firm basic theory to ring‐based information network management systems, our paper proposes a tie‐set graph theory. We define a binary vector representing a tie‐set in a biconnected undirected graph G=(V,E) as a tie‐set vector. The set of tie‐set vectors forms a vector space over the proposed law of composition, then a basis of the vector space, μ linear independent tie‐set vectors, is defined as a tie‐set basis. The essential key concept in our theory is a tie‐set graph, which has a one‐to‐one correspondence to a tie‐set basis and represents a relation between two tie‐set vectors of the basis. Some important properties of tie‐set graphs and their application to survivable mesh networks in modern high‐speed backbone networks are also presented. Furthermore, as a general approach to network flow optimization problems, tie‐set flow vector space is proposed based on the tie‐set graph theory. A distributed algorithm for the network flow optimization problems and its application are also presented in this paper. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reduction technique of large‐scale RCG interconnects in the complex frequency domain
Authors: Yamagami Y. , Tanji Y. , Hattori A. , Nishio Y. , Ushida A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHigh‐speed digital LSI chips usually consist of many sub‐circuits coupled with multi‐conductor interconnects embedded in the substrate. They sometimes cause serious problems of the fault switching operations due to the time‐delays, crosstalks, reflections, etc. In order to solve these problems, it is very important to develop a user‐friendly simulator for the analysis of LSIs coupled with interconnects. In this paper, we consider a large‐scale gate‐array circuit coupled with multi‐conductor RCG interconnects. At first, we propose a new method for calculating the dominant poles of the impedance matrix, which give the large effects to the transient response. The corresponding residues are estimated by the least squares method. Using these poles and residues, the input–output relation of each interconnect can be described by the partial fractions. After then, the interconnect is replaced by the equivalent circuit realizing the partial fractions. In this way, we can easily develop a user‐friendly simulator familiar with SPICE. We found from many examples that the good results can be obtained using only few dominant poles around the origin. Furthermore, the reduction ratio of our method is very large especially for large scale interconnects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concurrent analogue fault simulation, the equation formulation aspect
Authors: Litovski Vančo B. , Litovski Ivan V. , Zwoliński Mark 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFault simulation is an essential tool for developing test patterns for circuits. Because the potential number of faults in a circuit is potentially very large, computational efficiency is an important consideration. In the digital domain, concurrent fault simulation is well‐established as an efficient tool. For analogue circuits, fault simulation is often performed by repeated insertion of possible faults and resimulation of the circuit. Consequently, methods for efficient concurrent analogue fault simulation are attracting attention. A review of existing methods of concurrent analogue fault simulation shows that most are based on a similar fundamental perturbation of the original fault‐free circuit equations, although the methods differ in the procedure applied after the circuit equations are formulated. We develop here a comprehensive set of element stamps, describing faulty elements, enabling effective and routine equation formulation for faulty circuits. These may be used no matter what method of fault simulation is later applied. These stamps are used in a new technique for concurrent analogue fault simulation, based on modified nodal analysis. A significant improvement in efficiency, compared with other methods, is demonstrated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On state equations of two‐level quantum systems in a thermal environment
Authors: Civalleri Pier Paolo , Gilli Marco 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe state equations of open two‐level quantum systems, which form the building blocks of quantum cellular neural networks, are studied in arbitrary representations. It is shown that the dissipation matrix, that under the usual assumptions is diagonal in the energy representation, such remains if and only if the coupling between the states induced by an external field is real and infinitesimal. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.