bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt-rich versus salt-poor structural scenarios in the central Northern Calcareous Alps: implications for the Hallstatt facies and early Alpine tectonic evolution (Eastern Alps, Austria)
Authors: Fernandez Oscar , Ortner Hugo , Sanders Diethard , Grasemann Bernhard , Leitner Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOne of the most remarkable features of the central Northern Calcareous Alps (Eastern Alps, Austria) is the widespread presence of Upper Triassic deep-water carbonates (the Hallstatt facies) and Permo-Triassic evaporites resting on deep-water Middle Jurassic strata and their underlying Upper Triassic shallow-water carbonate platform successions. The Hallstatt facies and accompanying evaporites have been classically interpreted to originate either from a location south of the time-equivalent carbonate platforms, or to have been deposited in deeper water seaways within the broad platform domain. To date, this dispute has been addressed mostly through the analysis of Triassic and Jurassic facies distribution in map view, which, however, is subject to some degree of ambiguity and subjectivity. In this contribution we present, for the first time, sequentially restored regional cross-sections through the central Northern Calcareous Alps to understand the implications of the contrasting paleogeographic models. We present (a) an interpretation based on a highly allochthonous origin of the Triassic deep-water units and (b) an interpretation based on their relative autochthony in which we incorporate the potential influence of salt tectonics in the central NCA. The restored cross-sections provide a framework within which the alternative scenarios and their paleogeographic implications can be better understood. Through this analysis we propose that salt tectonics in the central NCA can provide a valid explanation for apparent inconsistencies in the relative autochthony scenario and thus constitutes a reasonable alternative to the currently accepted allochthony scenario.
Graphical abstract
Die Geschichte der Psychosomatik in Österreich
Authors: Scheer Peter J. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der Zeit zwischen den Weltkriegen entstand in Wien eine neue tiefenpsychologische Schule: Alfred Adlers Individualpsychologie. Sie nahm sich vor allem der psychosozialen Probleme der Großstadt an. Hunger, schlechte Hygiene und harte Kindererziehung führten zu Minderwertigkeitsgefühlen und deren Folgen durch Überkompensation: Krankheiten durch übermäßige Anspannung schwacher Organe waren ebenso die Folge wie psychische Störungen, die sich in antisozialem Verhalten äußerten. Nach der Trennung von Freuds Wiener Psychoanalytischem Verein entwickelten Adler und seine Mitstreiter ein Erziehungs- und Behandlungssystem, das auf Gemeinschaftssinn und gegenseitiger Achtung beruhte. Die Reform des Bildungssystems unter Otto Glöckl führte zur Arbeitsschule, in welcher neben Wissensvermittlung auch Persönlichkeitsbildung gefördert wurde. Prophylaxe fand durch neues, gesünderes Wohnen ebenso statt wie durch Erziehungsberatungsstellen, Kinderambulatorien und Sommerschulen. Licht, Luft und Sonne sowie Hinwendung zur Gemeinschaft waren die Ideen, die leider bald vom Nationalsozialismus pervertiert werden sollten. 1938 ging die Individualpsychologie ins Exil.
Glioblastom – aktuelle Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Rieger David , Renovanz Mirjam , Kurz Sylvia , Bombach Paula , Paulsen Frank , Roder Constantin , Tatagiba Marcos , Niyazi Maximilian , Tabatabai Ghazaleh 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Glioblastom gehört zu den häufigsten primären Tumoren des zentralen Nervensystems und ist mit einer ungünstigen Prognose verbunden. Die Kriterien für eine integrierte Diagnose basieren auf histologischen und molekularen Merkmalen, die in der aktuellen Klassifikation der Weltgesundheitsorganisation verankert sind. Die postoperative Erstlinientherapie besteht in einer Kombination von Radiotherapie, Temozolomidchemotherapie (je nach molekularem Profil, Alter und klinisch-neurologischem Zustand kombiniert mit Lomustin) sowie Tumortherapiefeldern. Die Therapiestrategie bei Progression wird interdisziplinär abgestimmt, basierend auf verschiedenen Kriterien, darunter der klinische Zustand, die Latenz zur Erstlinientherapie und das bildgebende Progressionsmuster. Klinische Therapiestudien sind in jedem Krankheitsstadium integraler Bestandteil der Glioblastombehandlung. Aktuelle klinische Therapiestudien untersuchen biomarkerbasierte Therapiestrategien, verschiedene Strategien der Immuntherapie oder auch die weitere Optimierung bisheriger Therapiekonzepte.
Neuromarketing and Eye-Tracking Technologies Under the European Framework: Towards the GDPR and Beyond
Authors: Sposini L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons regarding the processing of personal data (GDPR) is one of the key fundamental pieces of European legislation to protect human rights and freedoms. However, the development of AI systems that are capable of collecting and processing large amounts of data and predicting user habits and emotional states has affected traditional legal categories and tested their resilience. This paper assesses the limits of the current formulation of the GDPR which does not take expressly into account the category of inferred data as a special category of data. Furthermore, it questions whether the toolbox put in place by the GDPR is still effective in protecting data subjects from practices such as neuromarketing and eye-tracking systems. It shows that it is certainly the essential starting point, but that, on the other hand, cannot be spared criticism. For this, in the recent years, the European legislator has adopted further legislations including, in particular, the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA). Although representing a step forward in protection against such technologies, they each have critical aspects that need to be considered.
Between Crime and Commemoration: Human–Object Relationships in the Treasure Hunting for World War II Objects
Authors: Bērziņa Diāna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrawing on the sample of data gathered from Russian treasure hunting forums and from other social media platforms, this paper looks at human-object relationships that exist in the grey area of treasure hunting for World War II objects in Russia. It explores the confluence of criminal or criminalised acts with acts of commemoration as they are mediated through the network of relationships between object and human. As a result, it is possible to argue that objects have certain agentic qualities that affect people in their group and networks of relations. This suggests that further research on objects and their influence is necessary, particularly their role and influence on crime.
Learning Mechanisms Explaining Learning With Digital Tools in Educational Settings: a Cognitive Process Framework
Authors: Reinhold Frank , Leuders Timo , Loibl Katharina , Nückles Matthias , Beege Maik , Boelmann Jan M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo explain successful subject matter learning with digital tools, the specification of mediating cognitive processes is crucial for any empirical investigation. We introduce a cognitive process framework for the mechanisms of learning with digital tools (CoDiL) that combines core ideas from the psychology of instruction (utilization-of-learning-opportunity framework), cognitive psychology (knowledge-learning-instruction framework), and domain-specific research on learning and instruction. This synthesizing framework can be used to theoretically ground, firstly, the design of digital tools for learning, and secondly, the empirical analysis of students’ learning activities in digitally enriched educational settings via the analysis of specific student-tool interactions.
Competencies and fighting syllabusism
Authors: Højgaard Tomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor decades, mastery ambitions related to processes like problem-solving, modelling, and reasoning have been incorporated in mathematics curricula around the world. Meanwhile, such ambitions are hindered by syllabusism, a term I use to denote a conviction that results in mastery of a subject being equated with proficiency in a specific subject matter and making that equation the fulcrum of educational processes from teaching to curriculum development. In this article, I argue that using an open two-dimensional structure for curricular content that comprises a set of subject-specific competencies and a modest range of subject matter can help fight syllabusism. I explore and motivate the concept of syllabusism, using the development of a width-depth model of possible curricular ambitions within a given period of time to visualise the detrimental consequences for the attained depth of student learning. In the final part of the article, I illustrate the use of the width-depth model by analysing a specific mathematics curriculum. This analysis leads to two conclusions. Firstly, by highlighting mastery ambitions at the structural level, an open two-dimensional content structure is a powerful means to fight syllabusism. Secondly, using such an approach requires the explicit expression of these mastery ambitions and their conceptualisation independent of the subject matter. In the case of mathematics education, this has taken the form of a set of mathematical competencies.
Impaired STING Activation Due to a Variant in the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AMFR in a Patient with Severe VZV Infection and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Thomsen Michelle Mølgaard , Skouboe Morten Kelder , Møhlenberg Michelle , Zhao Jian , de Keukeleere Kerstin , Heinz Johanna Laura , Werner Marvin , Hollensen Anne Kruse , Lønskov Jonas , Nielsen Ian , Carter-Timofte Madalina Elena , Zhang Baocun , Mikkelsen Jacob Giehm , Fisker Niels , Paludan Søren R. , Assing Kristian , Mogensen Trine H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus exclusively infecting humans, causing two distinct pathologies: varicella (chickenpox) upon primary infection and herpes zoster (shingles) following reactivation. In susceptible individuals, VZV can give rise to more severe clinical manifestations, including disseminated infection, pneumonitis, encephalitis, and vasculopathy with stroke. Here, we describe a 3-year-old boy in whom varicella followed a complicated course with thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions, pneumonitis, and intermittent encephalopathy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was strongly suspected and as the condition deteriorated, HLH therapy was initiated. Although the clinical condition improved, longstanding hemophagocytosis followed despite therapy. We found that the patient carries a rare monoallelic variant in autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), encoding a ubiquitin ligase involved in innate cytosolic DNA sensing and interferon (IFN) production through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patient exhibited impaired signaling downstream of STING in response dsDNA and 2'3'-cGAMP, agonists of cGAS and STING, respectively, and fibroblasts from the patient showed impaired type I IFN responses and significantly increased VZV replication. Overexpression of the variant AMFR R594C resulted in decreased K27-linked STING ubiquitination compared to WT AMFR. Moreover, ImageStream technology revealed reduced STING trafficking from ER to Golgi in cells expressing the patient AMFR R594C variant. This was supported by a dose-dependent dominant negative effect of expression of the patient AMFR variant as measured by IFN-β reporter gene assay. Finally, lentiviral transduction with WT AMFR partially reconstituted 2'3'-cGAMP-induced STING-mediated signaling and ISG expression in patient PBMCs. This work links defective AMFR-STING signaling to severe VZV disease and hyperinflammation and suggests a direct role for cGAS-STING in the control of viral infections in humans. In conclusion, we describe a novel genetic etiology of severe VZV disease in childhood, also representing the first inborn error of immunity related to a defect in the cGAS-STING pathway.
An Algebraic View of the Mares-Goldblatt Semantics
Authors: Tedder Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn algebraic characterisation is given of the Mares-Goldblatt semantics for quantified extensions of relevant and modal logics. Some features of this more general semantic framework are investigated, and the relations to some recent work in algebraic semantics for quantified extensions of non-classical logics are considered.
KernelFlexSR: a self-adaptive super-resolution algorithm with multi-path convolution and residual network for dynamic kernel enhancement
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Teng Long , Wang Youyi , Qu Hang , Tang Chak-yin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMachine learning-based image super-resolution (SR) has garnered increasing research interest in recent years. However, there are two issues that have not been adequately addressed. The first issue is that existing SR methods often overlook the importance of improving the quality of the training dataset, which is a crucial factor in determining SR performance, regardless of the training method employed. The second issue is that while some studies report high numerical metrics, the visual results remain unsatisfactory. To address the first problem, we propose a new image down-sampling method to obtain higher-quality training datasets. To tackle the second problem, we present a new image super-resolution model based on a large-size convolution kernel and a multi-path algorithm. Specifically, we use an adaptive large-size convolutional kernel to extract features from the image based on the size of the input image, and a residual network to generate a deeper model to retain more details of the original input image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multilayer downsampling method (MDM) can significantly improve the visual quality compared to traditional downsampling methods. Moreover, our proposed method achieves the best peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) values compared to several typical SR algorithms. Furthermore, subjective evaluation by human observers reveals that our method retains more details of the original image and produces smoother high-resolution images. Our proposed method effectively addresses the two aforementioned issues, which leads to improved SR performance in terms of both quantitative and qualitative measures.
In vitro propagation and DNA barcoding of the rare near endemic Plantago sinaica (Barnéoud) plant in Saint Katherine, Sinai
Authors: Ghareb Heba El-Sayed , Abouseadaa Heba Hamdy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlantago sinaica is a rare perennial shrub near-endemic to Egypt and found in Saint Katherine Protectorate in Sinai. The first successful in vitro propagation protocol was conducted to protect the plant outside its natural reserves. Shoot tip, stem node section, cotyledonary node, and root explants separated from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with different concentrations and types of cytokinins. It was found that 6-benzyl adenine (BA) is the most efficient cytokinin. MS medium containing 3.33 µM BA and 0.54 µM α-naphthalene acetic acids (NAA) produced 10.25 and 11.30 shoots/explant using shoot tip and stem node section, respectively. Conversely, MS medium + 2.22 µM BA + 0.54 µM NAA produced 13.25 shoots from root explants. Surprisingly, the cotyledonary node explants favored MS medium free from plant growth regulators (PGRs), which produced only 4.25 shoots/explant. The multiplied shoots were rooted successfully with a 100% rooting percentage on half MS medium containing 1.23 or 2.46 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In vitro, rooted plantlets were efficiently transferred to the greenhouse with a 90% survivability. Finally, the plant was identified using three DNA barcodes; 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL), plastid photosystem II protein D1 intergenic spacer region (psbA–trnH), and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) barcodes. Additionally, psbA–trnH and ITS were novel and submitted to the GenBank databases for the first time for Plantago sinaica. Our study supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 15, which is to preserve, restore and reinstate sustainable usage of terrestrial ecosystems and to stop biodiversity loss.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient safety in European emergency departments: a comparative analysis of survey results
Authors: Petrino Roberta , Biondi Carola , Castrillo Luis Garcia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPatient safety is a significant concern worldwide. The Emergency Departments (EDs) are vulnerable to adverse events. Europe, with its diverse healthcare systems, differs in patient safety. This study aimed to identify safety challenges through a comparative analysis of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient safety in European EDs. In early 2023, a validated questionnaire was distributed to European ED professionals, meeting specific response rate criteria. The questionnaire included five safety domains and additional questions about infection control and team morale, with 36 ordinal scale questions. Responses ranged in five levels from “Never” to “Always,” and the scores were summed to calculate the total safety score (TSS). The study examined the impact of per capita healthcare expenditure on safety perceptions using descriptive statistics, correlation assessments and SPSS 17 used for the analysis. The analysis of 1048 valid responses from 24 European countries revealed significant variability in safety perceptions. Teamwork scored highest, signifying effective collaboration. Common safety issues included overcrowding, patient flow management, understaffing, limited training and facilities for mental illnesses. TSS showed correlation with team morale and infection control, but no correlation with per capita healthcare expenditure. This comparative study underlines the disparities in patient safety perceptions across European EDs. Each country displayed unique safety concerns. Safety perceptions did not align with per capita healthcare expenditure, indicating that addressing ED safety needs multifaceted strategies. Policymakers can leverage these findings to inform strategic planning, encouraging targeted interventions to enhance patient safety at both the national and European levels.
Construction High Precision Neural Network Proxy Model for Ship Hull Structure Design Based on Hybrid Datasets of Hydrodynamic Loads
Authors: Yu Ao , Li Yunbo , Li Shaofan , Gong Jiaye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we constructed a neural network proxy model (NNPM) to estimate the hydrodynamic resistance in the ship hull structure design process, which is based on the hydrodynamic load data obtained from both the potential flow method (PFM) and the viscous flow method (VFM). Here the PFM dataset is applied for the tuning, pre-training, and the VFM dataset is applied for the fine-training. By adopting the PFM and VFM datasets simultaneously, we aim to construct an NNPM to achieve the high-accuracy prediction on hydrodynamic load on ship hull structures exerted from the viscous flow, while ensuring a moderate data-acquiring workload. The high accuracy prediction on hydrodynamic loads and the relatively low dataset establishment cost of the NNPM developed demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of hybrid dataset based NNPM achieving a high precision prediction of hydrodynamic loads on ship hull structures. The successful construction of the high precision hydrodynamic prediction NNPM advances the artificial intelligence-assisted design (AIAD) technology for various marine structures.
A Novel Blockchain-Based Deepfake Detection Method Using Federated and Deep Learning Models
Authors: Heidari Arash , Navimipour Nima Jafari , Dag Hasan , Talebi Samira , Unal Mehmet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the proliferation of deep learning (DL) techniques has given rise to a significant challenge in the form of deepfake videos, posing a grave threat to the authenticity of media content. With the rapid advancement of DL technology, the creation of convincingly realistic deepfake videos has become increasingly prevalent, raising serious concerns about the potential misuse of such content. Deepfakes have the potential to undermine trust in visual media, with implications for fields as diverse as journalism, entertainment, and security. This study presents an innovative solution by harnessing blockchain-based federated learning (FL) to address this issue, focusing on preserving data source anonymity. The approach combines the strengths of SegCaps and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods for improved image feature extraction, followed by capsule network (CN) training to enhance generalization. A novel data normalization technique is introduced to tackle data heterogeneity stemming from diverse global data sources. Moreover, transfer learning (TL) and preprocessing methods are deployed to elevate DL performance. These efforts culminate in collaborative global model training zfacilitated by blockchain and FL while maintaining the utmost confidentiality of data sources. The effectiveness of our methodology is rigorously tested and validated through extensive experiments. These experiments reveal a substantial improvement in accuracy, with an impressive average increase of 6.6% compared to six benchmark models. Furthermore, our approach demonstrates a 5.1% enhancement in the area under the curve (AUC) metric, underscoring its ability to outperform existing detection methods. These results substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed solution in countering the proliferation of deepfake content. In conclusion, our innovative approach represents a promising avenue for advancing deepfake detection. By leveraging existing data resources and the power of FL and blockchain technology, we address a critical need for media authenticity and security. As the threat of deepfake videos continues to grow, our comprehensive solution provides an effective means to protect the integrity and trustworthiness of visual media, with far-reaching implications for both industry and society. This work stands as a significant step toward countering the deepfake menace and preserving the authenticity of visual content in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Arbeit als sozialpädagogische Kategorie − Teil 1
Authors: Ziegler Holger 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf dem Argument, Entfremdung markiere das zentrale sozialpädagogische Problem, kritisiert der Beitrag, dass der sozialpädagogische Theoriediskurs Arbeit als eine für (sozial)pädagogisches Denken bedeutsame Kategorie weitgehend vernachlässigt. Dem hier folgenden ersten Teil des Beitrag geht es um eine Klärung, was Arbeit als Kategorie meinen soll und wie sich diese zu Kategorien des Subjekts und der Problemkategorie der Entfremdung verhält. Dabei wird die theoretische Distanz des (sozial)pädagogischen Diskurses zu Arbeit und die Engführung von Arbeit auf Lohnarbeit kritisiert. Ein zweiter Teil des Beitrags wird das Verständnis von Arbeit als zweckrationalem Handeln problematisieren, im Rekurs auf Überlegungen zum Gattungswesen im Anschluss an Karl Marx die pädagogische Bedeutung von Arbeit begründen und erörtern, inwiefern die Kategorie Arbeit auf Sachverhalte zutrifft, auf die sich Soziale Arbeit in ihrer Praxis richtet.