bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of salvage surgery for local or regional recurrence after larynx preservation with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: León Xavier , Quer Miquel , Orús César , López Montserrat , Gras Juan Ramón , Vega Manuel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundAfter treatment of locally advanced laryngeal carcinomas with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, some patients suffer a local or regional failure of the tumor, and salvage surgery is required. The aim of this study was to review the results of such salvage surgery in this group of patients.MethodsA retrospective study of a cohort of 110 patients diagnosed between 1989 and 1996 with a locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma (T3‐T4) treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy was performed. The results of salvage surgery in patients with a local and/or regional failure of the treatment were analyzed.ResultsForty‐two patients presented a local and/or a regional recurrence of the tumor: 26 patients in the larynx, eight in the neck, and a further eight in both in the larynx and the neck. Salvage surgery was carried out in 28 patients (67%), consisting of total laryngectomies with neck dissections (24 cases), endoscopic resection of the tumor (one case), and radical neck dissections (three cases). Five‐year adjusted survival for the 42 patients was 38%. Five‐year survival for the 28 patients treated with salvage surgery was 57%. Five patients had postoperative complications: four had pharyngo‐cutaneous fistulas and one had wound infection.ConclusionsAfter a local and/or regional recurrence, 67% of patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy were candidates to salvage surgery. Five‐year adjusted survival for this group of patients was 57%. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 733–738, 2001.
Neck and mediastinal node dissection in pharyngolaryngoesophageal tumors
Authors: Martins Antonio S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundSpecific reports about neck node metastasis in cervical esophageal tumors and mediastinal node metastasis in patients with pharyngolaryngoesophageal tumors are lacking. This study was undertaken to evaluate the need for neck and mediastinal lymph node dissection when dealing with carcinomas of this region.MethodsA retrospective review of the records of 34 patients who underwent total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and gastric transposition (TPLEGT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the pharyngoesophageal junction was done. Sixteen patients had esophageal carcinomas, 14 had hypopharyngeal carcinomas, and 4 had laryngeal carcinomas. The mediastinal dissection was designed to remove mainly the paratracheal and paraesophageal lymph nodes down to the aortic arch, without thoracotomy. Neck and mediastinal lymph node metastases were studied with specific reference to main primary site, and comparison with the literature was undertaken.ResultsTwenty‐five neck dissections were performed in 19 patients and yielded positive nodes in 16 patients (47% of all patients). The neck nodes were positive in 75%, 64.2%, and 18.7% of the patients with laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, and esophageal carcinomas, respectively. Mediastinal dissection data were available on 27 patients, and 16 (59.2%) had mediastinal node metastasis. These mediastinal nodes were positive in 0%, 72.7%, and 61.5% of the patients with laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, and esophageal carcinomas, respectively.ConclusionsThere is little controversy about neck dissections in tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx when a TPLEGT is contemplated. A similar situation applies to mediastinal dissections for cervical esophageal carcinomas. Although we observed a low incidence of positive neck nodes (18.7%) in patients with cervical esophageal carcinomas, there is a need for a larger prospective series. Our finding of 72.7% positive mediastinal nodes in hypopharyngeal carcinomas is high enough to deserve further study. Laryngeal carcinomas showed no positive mediastinal nodes in this series. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 772–779, 2001.
Single photon emission tomography: Scintigraphy in the assessment of mandibular invasion by head and neck cancer
Authors: Zieron Joerg O. , Lauer Isabel , Remmert Stephan , Sieg Peter 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed to determine the effectiveness of single photon emission tomography (SPET) in contributing to the initial staging of patients with cancers of the head and neck because information about osseous infiltration of head and neck cancer is of major importance for staging and planning of treatment.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 89 cases with probable tumor infiltration of the mandible by oral/pharyngeal cancer was undertaken by comparing the preoperative SPET as well as CT‐scans, if available, with clinical and postoperative histological examinations.ResultsFor SPET examinations, a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 48% were calculated. The positive predictive value was 65%, and the negative predictive value was 93%. CT scans showed a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 78%. The positive predictive value was 65%, and the negative predictive value was 93%.ConclusionsSPET is a powerful method to detect infiltration of carcinomas into the head and neck skeleton. Its sensitivity is high and superior to CT scans, although the specificity is small due to a high number of false positive results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 979–984, 2001.
Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of awake C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice: Interstrain differences and parallels with behavior
Authors: Jones M.W. , Peckham H.M. , Errington M.L. , Bliss T.V.P. , Routtenberg A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractC57BL/6 mice consistently outperform DBA/2 mice in a range of hippocampal‐dependent spatial learning behaviors. We recorded evoked responses from the dentate gyrus of awake, freely‐moving mice and measured synaptic plasticity (LTP) and performance in a hippocampal‐dependent task in individual animals from these two inbred strains. Spatial alternation tasks confirmed the behavioral divergence between the two strains, with C57BL/6 mice demonstrating more robust alternation than DBA/2 mice. Recording changes in field potentials in the dentate gyrus following three different high‐frequency stimulation paradigms in the same groups of animals revealed differences in neural plasticity: both strains were able to support long‐term potentiation (LTP) at perforant path synapses, but brief high‐frequency stimulation induced larger and longer potentiation of the population spike in C57BL/6 than in DBA/2 mice. This greater propensity for population‐spike potentiation in the strain that performed better in a hippocampal‐dependent task is in accord with the different neurochemical profiles of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Hippocampus 2001;11:391–396. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatostatin‐immunoreactive interneurons contribute to lateral inhibitory circuits in the dentate gyrus of control and epileptic rats
Authors: Boyett Jesse M. , Buckmaster Paul S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLateral inhibition, a feature of neuronal circuitry that enhances signaling specificity, has been demonstrated in the rat dentate gyrus. However, neither the underlying neuronal circuits, nor the ways in which these circuits are altered in temporal lobe epilepsy, are completely understood. This study examines the potential contribution of one class of inhibitory interneurons to lateral inhibitory circuits in the dentate gyrus of both control and epileptic rats. The retrograde tracer wheat germ agglutinin‐apo‐horse radish peroxidase‐gold (WGA‐apo‐HRP‐gold) was injected into the septal dentate gyrus. Neurons double‐labeled for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and the retrograde tracer are concentrated in the hilus and may contribute to lateral inhibition. Neurons double‐labeled for somatostatin and the retrograde tracer account for at least 28% of GAD‐positive neurons with axon projections appropriate for generating lateral inhibition in control rats. Despite an overall loss of somatostatin‐expressing cells in epileptic animals, the number of somatostatin‐positive interneurons with axon projections appropriate for generating lateral inhibition is similar to that seen in controls. These findings suggest that somatostatinergic interneurons participate in lateral inhibitory circuits in the dentate gyrus of both control and epileptic rats, and that surviving somatostatinergic interneurons might sprout new axon collaterals in epileptic animals. Hippocampus 2001;11:418–422. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroimaging studies of the hippocampus in schizophrenia
Authors: Heckers Stephan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThree neuroimaging techniques, morphometric neuroimaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional neuroimaging, have provided evidence for abnormal hippocampal structure and function in schizophrenia. Hippocampal volume reduction is now one of the most consistent structural abnormalities found in schizophrenia: it is present at the onset of the illness and, to a lesser degree, in first‐degree relatives of schizophrenic probands. Decreased levels of N‐acetyl‐aspartate point towards a cellular basis of such volume changes. Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of hippocampal activity at rest, during the experience of auditory hallucinations, and during the performance of memory retrieval tasks. These results of neuroimaging studies complement evidence from post‐mortem and behavioral studies, which have found regionally specific abnormalities of the hippocampus and of memory function in schizophrenia. Hippocampus 2001;11:520–528. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probing the human hippocampus using rCBF: Contrasts in schizophrenia
Authors: Medoff Deborah R. , Holcomb Henry H. , Lahti Adrienne C. , Tamminga Carol A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRegional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) data from two PET‐15O water schizophrenia studies were analyzed using individually placed, magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided hippocampal volumes of interest (VOI). In one study, normal (N = 10) and schizophrenic (N = 18) volunteers performed an overlearned auditory discrimination task in rest, control, and decision conditions. In the other study, schizophrenic and normal volunteers received the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine and placebo and had sequential rCBF evaluations. Moreover, the schizophrenic volunteers were off drug in one study and on antipsychotic drug in the second study, allowing an additional comparison of medication status. VOIs were placed on anterior, middle, and posterior hippocampal areas in each PET image from both studies, redirected from an MR scan, and individually adjusted. While no hippocampal activation was apparent in either the normal or schizophrenic group in the task vs. condition comparison, rCBF was higher in the schizophrenic than in the normal hippocampus in both task and control conditions, independently. In addition, at rest rCBF was significantly higher in the unmedicated group of schizophrenics than in the group of medicated patient volunteers and higher than in the normal comparison group. This suggests that schizophrenia is associated with elevated rCBF in the hippocampus, which “normalizes” with antipsychotic drug treatment. Ketamine, the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, was more potent in reducing rCBF in the schizophrenic group compared to the normal volunteer group. These data are consistent with a previous report from our laboratory of reduced NMDA receptor NR1 subunit expression and possible abnormal NMDA receptor composition in schizophrenia. These data show an abnormality of hippocampal function in schizophrenia and suggest that this abnormality may be associated with the pathophysiology of the illness. Hippocampus 2001;11:543–550. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clonal chromosomal aberrations in simian virus 40‐transfected human thyroid cells and in derived tumors developed after in vitro irradiation
Authors: Zitzelsberger Horst , Bruch Jochen , Smida Jan , Hieber Ludwig , Peddie Clare M. , Bryant Peter E. , Riches Andrew C. , Fung Jingly , Weier Heinz‐Ulrich G. , Bauchinger Manfred 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn vitro model cell systems are important tools for studying mechanisms of radiation‐induced neoplastic transformation of human epithelial cells. In our study, the human thyroid epithelial cell line HTori‐3 was analyzed cytogenetically following exposure to different doses of α‐ and γ‐irradiation and subsequent tumor formation in athymic nude mice. Combining results from G‐banding, comparative genomic hybridization, and spectral karyotyping, chromosome abnormalities could be depicted in the parental line HTori‐3 and in nine different HTori lines established from the developed tumors. A number of chromosomal aberrations were found to be characteristic for simian virus 40 immortalization and/or radiation‐induced transformation of human thyroid epithelial cells. Common chromosomal changes in cell lines originating from different irradiation experiments were loss of 8q23 and 13cen‐q21 as well as gain of 1q32‐qter and 2q11.2‐q14.1. By comparison of chromosomal aberrations in cell lines exhibiting a different tumorigenic behavior, cytogenetic markers important for the tumorigenic process were studied. It appeared that deletions on chromosomes 9q32‐q34 and 7q21‐q31 as well as an increased copy number of chromosome 20 were important for the tumorigenic phenotype. A comparative breakpoint analysis of the marker chromosomes found and those observed in radiation‐induced childhood thyroid tumors from Belarus revealed a coincidence for a number of chromosome bands. Thus, the data support the usefulness of the established cell system as an in vitro model to study important steps during radiation‐induced malignant transformation in human thyroid cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Three Chlorinated Pesticides on hsrω Stress gene in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chowdhuri D. Kar , Nazir Aamir , Saxena D. K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExpression of hsrω stress gene in the third‐instar larvae of 951‐lacZ2
(hsrω‐lacZ having–844pb sequence) and 498‐lacZ1
(hrsω‐lacZ having –498bp sequence) strains of Drosophila melanogaster
at LC50 and lower dietary concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pentachlorophenol
(PCP), and endosulfan was examined in relation to larval mortality by β galactosidase activity,
vital dye staining, and salivary gland polytene chromosome puffing. Our results showed that both HCH and PCP at
lower concentrations evoked strong hsrω stress gene expression in the larval tissues while
endosulfan did not. On the other hand, puffing data revealed that endosulfan at lower doses, induced
well‐developed puff at the resident site (93D) of the hsrω gene but the transgenic
sites (30B in 951‐lacZ2 and 44B in 498‐lacZ1 strain) did not show any
well‐developed puff. Regression in hsrω stress gene expression in 951‐lacZ2 strain at
LC50 concentrations of HCH and PCP after 48 h was concurrent with extensive tissue damage as evident
by trypan blue staining. Similarly, strong hsrω expression was accompanied by insignificant trypan
blue staining in the larval tissues of this strain after shorter duration of exposure (2–12 h)
to these toxicants. Although endosulfan under similar experimental condition did not induce hsrω,
strong trypan blue staining indicated extensive tissue damage after 48 h of exposure. The present study suggests
that all the three toxicants pose cytotoxic potential to Drosophila. While protective role of this stress
gene was evident at the initial stages of exposure, extensive tissue damage in the later stages of intoxication
accompanied by autorepression of hsrω led to larval mortality. The study further suggests that
–844bp upstream sequence of the gene is adequate for hsrω inducibility against HCH and PCP
but not for endosulfan for which responsive elements may be searched further upstream. © 2001 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:173–186, 2001
Activation of the Ah Receptor Signaling Pathway by Prostaglandins
Authors: Seidel Shawn D. , Winters Greg M. , Rogers William J. , Ziccardi Michael H. , Li Violet , Keser Bart , Denison Michael S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐dependent transcription factor that mediates
many of the biological and toxicological actions of a diverse range of chemicals, including the environmental
contaminant 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD, dioxin). Although no
endogenous physiological ligand for the AhR has yet been described, numerous studies support the existence of
such a ligand(s). Here we have examined the ability of prostaglandins and related chemicals to
activate the AhR signaling system. Using two AhR‐based bioassay systems we report that relatively high
concentrations of several prostaglandins (namely, PGB3, PGD3, PGF3α,
PGG2, PGH1, and PGH2) can not only stimulate AhR transformation and DNA
binding in vitro, but also induce AhR‐dependent reporter gene expression in mouse hepatoma cells in
culture. PGG2 also induced AhR‐dependent reporter gene expression to a level three‐to
four fold greater than that observed with a maximal inducing dose of TCDD. Sucrose gradient ligand binding
analysis revealed that PGG2 could competitively displace [3H]TCDD from the AhR. Overall,
our results demonstrate that selected prostaglandins are weak agonists for the AhR and they represent a
structurally distinct and novel class of activator of the AhR signal transduction pathway. © 2001 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:187–196, 2001
Effect of Cadmium and Aluminum Intake on the Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Tissues
Authors: El‐Maraghy Shohda A. , Gad Mohamed Z. , Fahim Atef T. , Hamdy Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis work aimed to study the relationship between the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) or aluminum (Al) in certain tissues and the levels of lipid peroxides as well as tissue antioxidants. To carry out such investigations, CdCl2 was given to rats in two dose levels; 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg i.p for 1 day or daily repeated doses for 2 weeks. Al was given as AlCl3 either in a single dose of 100 mg/kg or daily repeated doses of 20 mg/kg for 2 and 4 weeks. The measured parameters were tissue malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), glutathione reductase (GSSG‐R), and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PDH) enzymes. Liver and kidney functions were assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as well as serum urea and creatinine concentrations. Cd and Al concentrations in the studied tissues were also measured. Results indicated that tissue Cd was significantly increased after administration of either Cd doses. After a single dose of 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg CdCl2, the increase in tissue Cd levels were accompanied by an increase in MDA and a decrease in GSH levels. On the other hand, after repeated administration of Cd, tissue Cd accumulation was accompanied by increased hepatic and renal GSH levels with decrease in MDA content and a decrease in GSH‐PX activity in liver. Liver function was affected at all dose regimens, whereas kidney function was affected only after 2 weeks administration of the higher dose. In Al treated rats, Al concentration was shown to be increased in liver much more than in brain. This was accompanied by a slight decrease in hepatic GSH level after 2 weeks and a decrease in GSH‐PX activity after 4 weeks. Liver function was affected only after repeated
injection of Al for 2 or 4 weeks. In general, Al administration exhibited safer pattern than Cd. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:207–214, 2001
A Novel Nonhemorragic Protease from the African Puff Adder (Bitis Arietans) Venom
Authors: Nok Andrew J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA nonhemorrhagic proteinase B‐20 from the venom of Bitis arietans has been purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by chromatography on Sephadex G–100, Q‐Sepharose, and CM‐cellulose. It has a molecular weight of 20 k Da as determined by size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G‐100 and migrated as a single 20‐k Da band on SDS polyacrylamide. It has an optimum pH of 6–8 and is inactive at pH 4.0. EDTA and 1,10‐phenanthroline strongly inhibited the enzyme suggesting it is a metalloenzyme. Also it is inhibited by antipain but is unaffected by trasylol, antitrypsin, and pepsptatin. Colombin, an identified active component of Aristolochia albida used in the treatment of snake poisoning, did not inhibit the protease activity. It lost over 90% of its activity in the presence of 0.5 μM Hg2+ but the inhibition was completely blocked in the presence of 10 μM mercaptoethanol implicating sulfyhydryl groups in the catalytic entity of the protein. The activity was also inhibited competitively by glutathione and cysteine with inhibition binding constants Ki of 240 and 40 μM, respectively. The enzyme is unaffected by several divalent cations but activated by 1 mM Fe3+. It had a prolyl endopeptidase and thermolysin‐like activity. The enzyme displayed a fast acting α‐fibrinolytic and delayed γ‐fibrinolytic activity when tested on human fibrinogen. The relevance of these findings is discussed © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:215–220, 2001
A scalable parallel Monte Carlo method for free energy simulations of molecular systems
Authors: Khan Malek O. , Kennedy Gareth , Chan Derek Y. C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present a method of parallelizing flat histogram Monte Carlo simulations, which give the free energy of a molecular system as an output. In the serial version, a constant probability distribution, as a function of any system parameter, is calculated by updating an external potential that is added to the system Hamiltonian. This external potential is related to the free energy. In the parallel implementation, the simulation is distributed on to different processors. With regular intervals the modifying potential is summed over all processors and distributed back to every processor, thus spreading the information of which parts of parameter space have been explored. This implementation is shown to decrease the execution time linearly with added number of processors. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 72–77, 2005
A family of graphs and the degree/diameter problem
Authors: Exoo Geoffrey 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe investigate a family of graphs relevant to the problem of finding large regular graphs with specified degree and diameter. Our family contains the largest known graphs for degree/diameter pairs (3, 7), (3, 8), (4, 4), (5, 3), (5, 5), (6, 3), (6, 4), (7, 3), (14, 3), and (16, 2). We also find a new bound for (3, 6) by an unrelated method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 118–124, 2001
Determination of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens ait. and Sophora viciifolia Hance by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Su Xiaodan , Wang Xiukun , Li Yan , Li Jiashi , Yan Yuning , Chen Yuting , Liu Huwei 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCapillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) separation of pharmacologically active alkaloids, matrine, sophocarpine, sophoridine, oxymatrine, and oxysophocarpine, was systematically optimized, and their contents in different parts of Sophora species were quantitatively determined within 16 min under the following optimized conditions: 0.04 mol/L citrate buffer system at pH 4.5, applied voltage 30 kV, capillary temperature 25°C, and diode array detection at 201 nm. The recoveries are from 90 to 108%, with repeatability ranging from 0.7 to 4.2% (relative standard deviation) and the detection limits ranging from 0.032 to 0.070 mg/mL (signal to noise ratio=3). The proposed CZE method is suitable for routine analysis and quality control of herbal medicines that contain these alkaloids. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 221–226, 2001