bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic background of neomycin resistance in clinical
Escherichia coli
isolated from Danish pig farms
Authors: Subramani Prabha , Menichincheri Gaia , Pirolo Mattia , Arcari Gabriele , Kudirkiene Egle , Polani Riccardo , Carattoli Alessandra , Damborg Peter , Guardabassi Luca 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Neomycin is the first-choice antibiotic for the treatment of porcine enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
. Resistance to this aminoglycoside is on the rise after the increased use of neomycin due to the ban on zinc oxide. We identified the neomycin resistance determinants and plasmid contents in a historical collection of 128 neomycin-resistant clinical
E. coli
isolates from Danish pig farms. All isolates were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, followed by conjugation experiments and long-read sequencing of eight selected representative strains. We detected 35 sequence types (STs) with ST100 being the most prevalent lineage (38.3%). Neomycin resistance was associated with two resistance genes, namely
aph(3
′
)-Ia
and
aph(3′)-Ib
, which were identified in 93% and 7% of the isolates, respectively. The
aph(3′)-Ia
was found on different large conjugative plasmids belonging to IncI1α, which was present in 67.2% of the strains, on IncHI1, IncHI2, and IncN, as well as on a multicopy ColRNAI plasmid. All these plasmids except ColRNAI carried genes encoding resistance to other antimicrobials or heavy metals, highlighting the risk of co-selection. The
aph(3′)-Ib
gene occurred on a 19 kb chimeric, mobilizable plasmid that contained elements tracing back its origin to distantly related genera. While
aph(3′)-Ia
was flanked by either Tn
903
or Tn
4352
derivatives, no clear association was observed between
aph(3′)-Ib
and mobile genetic elements. In conclusion, the spread of neomycin resistance in porcine clinical
E. coli
is driven by two resistance determinants located on distinct plasmid scaffolds circulating within a highly diverse population dominated by ST100.

IMPORTANCE

Neomycin is the first-choice antibiotic for the management of
Escherichia coli
enteritis in pigs. This work shows that
aph(3
′
)-Ia
and to a lesser extent
aph(3′)-Ib
are responsible for the spread of neomycin resistance that has been recently observed among pig clinical isolates and elucidates the mechanisms of dissemination of these two resistance determinants. The
aph(3′)-Ia gene
is located on different conjugative plasmid scaffolds and is associated with two distinct transposable elements (Tn
903
and Tn
4352
) that contributed to its spread. The diffusion of
aph(3′)-Ib
is mediated by a small non-conjugative, mobilizable chimeric plasmid that likely derived from distantly related members of the
Pseudomonadota
phylum and was not associated with any detectable mobile genetic element. Although the spread of neomycin resistance is largely attributable to horizontal transfer, both resistance determinants have been acquired by a predominant lineage (ST100) associated with enterotoxigenic
E. coli
, which accounted for approximately one-third of the strains.
Ten tips for developing a more inviting syllabus
Authors: Chandar Shelby , Crum Ryan , Pennino Eric , Ishikawa Cathy , Ghosh Hajra Sayonita , McDonald Kelly 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
In higher education, syllabi have traditionally served as written contracts between instructors and their students, providing first-hand information about the course and expectations. Reading the syllabus may provide students with first impressions or mental images of the instructor, thereby initiating a student-instructor relationship even before any interaction has occurred. Instructors can use syllabi to directly communicate values and practices of equity and inclusion, but students can perceive indirect messages through tone and language that may support or contradict stated values. Here, we share empirically derived recommendations for improving the tone of syllabi with inviting language and stylistic features that promote relationship-building with students.
Use of single-cell technology to improve our understanding of the role of TLR2 in macrophage–
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
interaction
Authors: Gouzy Alexandre 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The interaction between
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, the agent of tuberculosis (TB), and its host cell, the macrophage, is multifaceted, dynamic, and involves multiple molecular partners. A better understanding of this interaction could help researchers manipulate the immune system in order to design host-targeted immunotherapies and/or develop a novel vaccine protecting better adults against TB. Jani and coworkers studied the role of the macrophage receptor TLR2 in the response to
M. tuberculosis
using single-cell technologies (C. Jani, S. L. Solomon, J. M. Peters, and S. C. Pringle, et al., mSystems,
https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00052-23
, 2023). This work addresses the multiple challenges associated with such studies and shows how informative single-cell analysis can be for the study of heterogeneous and complex host-pathogen interactions.
Development and validation of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification-based assays for detecting HPV16 and HPV18 DNA
Authors: Ying Jiaxu , Mao Lingjing , Tang Yujing , Fassatoui Meriem , Song Wei , Xu Xiaosheng , Tang Xiaojian , Li Jing , Liu Hua , Jian Fangfang , Du Qinwen , Wong Gary , Feng Weiwei , Berthet Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the principal cause of cervical cancer, with HPV16 and HPV18 accounting for about 70% of cases worldwide. Cervical screening is an effective secondary measure for preventing cervical cancer. Testing for HPV DNA is becoming increasingly important in cervical cancer screening. The existing PCR-based HPV detection technology has several disadvantages: the assays are time-consuming, and sophisticated equipment is required to control the temperature cycles. These drawbacks have led to the development of detection technologies based on isothermal amplification. Here, we present real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA-exo)-based assays for single genotyping of either the E7 or the L1 segment of HPV16 or HPV18. These assays were highly sensitive, able to detect HPV in all clinical samples with Ct values below 34, and yielded results within 25 min. A dual-detection system capable of detecting both HPV16 and HPV18 in a single reaction was also developed based on the L1 gene. It has a limit of detection of approximately 10,000 copies of each genotype per reaction. The assays were validated with DNA extracted from 36 biopsy specimens and 42 exfoliated cell samples from 43 patients with cervical lesions at different stages. The RPA-exo system is a promising clinical detection platform with the advantages of yielding results rapidly and operating at a constant temperature, while being cost-effective and easy to use.

IMPORTANCE
HPV DNA screening is an effective approach for the prevention of cervical cancer. The novel real-time recombinase polymerase amplification-based HPV detection systems we developed constitute an improvement over the HPV detection methods currently used in clinical practice and should help to extend cervical cancer screening in the future, particularly in point-of-care test settings.
Do we understand each other when we develop and implement hip fracture models of care? A systematic review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Armstrong Elizabeth , Harvey Lara A , Payne Narelle L , Zhang Jing , Ye Pengpeng , Harris Ian A , Tian Maoyi , Ivers Rebecca Q 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundA hip fracture in an older person is a devastating injury. It impacts functional mobility, independence and survival. Models of care may provide a means for delivering integrated hip fracture care in less well-resourced settings. The aim of this review was to determine the elements of hip fracture models of care to inform the development of an adaptable model of care for low and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsMultiple databases were searched for papers reporting a hip fracture model of care for any part of the patient pathway from injury to rehabilitation. Results were limited to publications from 2000. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened based on eligibility criteria. Papers were evaluated with an equity lens against eight conceptual criteria adapted from an existing description of a model of care.Results82 papers were included, half of which were published since 2015. Only two papers were from middle-income countries and only two papers were evaluated as reporting all conceptual criteria from the existing description. The most identified criterion was an evidence-informed intervention and the least identified was the inclusion of patient stakeholders.ConclusionInterventions described as models of care for hip fracture are unlikely to include previously described conceptual criteria. They are most likely to be orthogeriatric approaches to service delivery, which is a barrier to their implementation in resource-limited settings. In LMICs, the provision of orthogeriatric competencies by other team members is an area for further investigation.
Assessment of Lower Third Molar Eruption Status in Different Facial Growth Patterns in Adults
Authors: Kaur Kiranjeet , Jaiswal Ajit , Shivani  , Singh Jaskaran 
Published: October 2023

Introduction Various skeletal and dental factors help in predicting the mandibular third molar eruption, but the reliability of these factors may vary within subjects with different growth patterns. Thus, the present study aims to analyze these parameters for the lower third molar eruption in subjects with different facial growth patterns. Material and Methods The study was conducted on 120 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms of the subjects who were equally divided (based on the SN-GoGn angle) into three groups: normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent. The groups were further subdivided into impacted and erupted subgroups based on mandibular third molar eruption status. Nine radiographic parameters were compared between the impacted and erupted subgroups, using the independent Student’s t-test, to check their association with mandibular third molar eruption in different growth patterns. Results Beta angle was significantly different in the erupted and impacted subgroups in all three groups (with p <.05). The retromolar space and alpha angle was significant in hypodivergent group (p <.01) and the gamma angle was significant in the hyperdivergent group (p <.01). Conclusion Among all the parameters that were analyzed for the third molar eruption, only the beta angle was significantly related to the third molar eruption in subjects with all three different growth patterns.
Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Glabridin Liposome on Imiquimod-induced Mice Psoriasis
Authors: Lu Yongjie , Cheng Lushi , Ren Lu , Chen Dongqiu , Guan Shumin , Zhu Siyang , Xu Xian , Zhang Bing , Tang Minghui , Zhang Chijian , Ai Yong , Zhang Lanyue , He Tinggang 
Published: October 2023

Background Glabridin is one of the main components of the isoflavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra and possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer effects. Objectives Herein, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of the glabridin liposome (GL) complex were studied in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Materials and Methods After treatment with GLs, their effectiveness was assessed using parameters, such as Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, histopathology, inflammatory cytokines, and psoriasis-associated proteins. Results The results demonstrated that GLs could significantly improve psoriatic symptoms, downregulate mast cell infiltration, and significantly reduce the PASI score of psoriatic mice. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that GLs significantly decreased IL-23 and STAT3 mRNA expression. The results of immunohistochemistry and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that GLs decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-17, and IL-22. Conclusion GLs can alleviate psoriasis by inhibiting the expression of keratinocyte-activating proteins. These results suggest that GLs have great potential for the clinical treatment of psoriasis.
Quantification of trunnion damage in a series of intact total hip arthroplasty femoral stems previously identified to be at risk of catastrophic failure
Authors: Lanting Brent A , Sogbein Olawale A , MacDonald Steven J , Shah Nirmit , Kok Tea-Lyn , Willing Ryan , Teeter Matthew G 
Published: October 2023

Background: Corrosion at the head-neck junction of femoral stems is a rare complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with manifestations ranging from subclinical wear to failure. Prior studies have identified a single femoral component design with an increased propensity for catastrophic trunnion failure. The purpose of the present study was to quantify trunnion damage of this femoral component retrieved from patients undergoing revision THA for non-trunnionosis indications. Methods: 24 femoral components from a single manufacturer were identified for study inclusion. Each prosthesis underwent stereomicroscopic inspection. Corrosion and fretting scores were assigned per the Goldberg criteria to quadrants of the trunnion. Material loss was calculated based on cone angles across trunnion quadrants. This was carried out using a coordinate measuring machine that digitised each trunnion surface. Stems were compared to a series of femoral stems with the same trunnion design. Results: 20 of the 24 (83%) trunnions demonstrated corrosion, all 24 trunnions demonstrated fretting. Corrosion scores did not statistically differ with respect to trunnion zone ( p = 0.53), while fretting scores were higher in the inferior compared to the superior zones ( p  < 0.001). There was no significant difference in cone angles assessing material loss between stems ( p = 0.25). Conclusions: Evidence of trunnion damage was observed in each stem retrieved for non-trunnionosis revision. Fretting occurred more frequently about the inferior quadrants. However, digitised trunnion shapes were similar between compared stems exhibiting no material loss. Therefore, it is possible that previous reports of trunnion failures for this implant are not a systemic issue, and that further investigation is required.
Misdiagnosis in multiple sclerosis in a Brazilian reference center: Clinical, radiological, laboratory profile and failures in the diagnostic process—Cohort study
Authors: Tieppo Eduardo Macedo de Souza , Silva Guilherme Diogo , Silva Tomás Fraga Ferreira da , Araujo Roger Santana de , Oliveira Mateus Boaventura de , Spricigo Mariana Gondim Peixoto , Pimentel Gabriela Almeida , Campana Igor Gusmão , Castrillo Bruno Batitucci , Mendes Natalia Trombini , Teixeira Larissa Silva , Nunes Douglas Mendes , Rimkus Carolina de Medeiros , Adoni Tarso , Apóstolos Pereira Samira Luisa , Callegaro Dagoberto 
Published: October 2023

Background: Multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis remains a problem despite the well-validated McDonald 2017. For proper evaluation of errors in the diagnostic process that lead to misdiagnosis, it is adequate to incorporate patients who are already under regular follow-up at reference centers of demyelinating diseases. Objectives: To evaluate multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis in patients who are on follow-up at a reference center of demyelinating diseases in Brazil. Methods: We designed an observational study including patients in regular follow-up, who were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at our specialized outpatient clinic in the Hospital of Clinics in the University of Sao Paulo, from 1996 to 2021, and were reassessed for misdiagnosis in 2022. We evaluated demographic information, clinical profile, and complementary exams and classified participants as “established multiple sclerosis,” “non-multiple sclerosis, diagnosed,” and “non-multiple sclerosis, undiagnosed.” Failures in the diagnostic process were assessed by the modified Diagnostic Error Evaluation and Research tool. Results: A total of 201 patients were included. After analysis, 191/201 (95.02%) participants were confirmed as “established multiple sclerosis,” 5/201 (2.49%) were defined as “non-multiple sclerosis, diagnosed,” and 5/201 (2.49%) were defined as “non-multiple sclerosis, undiagnosed.” Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis persists in reference centers, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation of clinical findings to prevent errors.
Telehealth competencies for allied health professionals: A scoping review
Authors: Anil Krithika , Bird Adam R , Bridgman Kate , Erickson Shane , Freeman Jennifer , McKinstry Carol , Robinson Christie , Abey Sally 
Published: October 2023

Introduction Telehealth has become one of the main methods of delivering allied health professional services world-wide, yet many professionals do not have sufficient training to deliver high-quality telehealth services. This review aims to identify what competencies allied health professionals require for effective telehealth service delivery. Methods This scoping review used the Population Concept Context framework and searched the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, PEDro, United Kingdom Health Forum, WHO, Health Education England, and all UK and Australian AHP professional bodies. Results A total of 37 articles were included out of 92,525 identified by the literature search. Competencies were related to two areas: (1) delivery of the telehealth consultation and (2) service management of telehealth consultations. The first area included the following competency themes: clinical reasoning, communication, effectively using technology, person-centred care, practice-based assessment and intervention knowledge/behaviour/skills, privacy, security, and patient safety, professionalism, and setting up the technical environment. The second area included the following competency themes: digital infrastructure, informing practice, and management. Although findings emphasised the importance of telehealth competencies, none have been implemented within education. One-third of the articles were from the discipline of psychology. Conclusion This is the first scoping review to combine telehealth competencies reported across allied health disciplines. Although there were a vast range of competencies, they need implementation into teaching and learning to be practically useful. Most competencies were from psychology, but potentially applicable for other allied health professionals. A shared and adaptable standard for telehealth competencies would be useful to ensure high-quality practice across all allied health professionals.
Learning Sanskrit as a sacred language in the West: A narrative study
Authors: Bassetti Bene , Reinboldt Rosicler 
Published: October 2023

Aims and objectives: This exploratory study investigates experiences and perceptions of Sanskrit language learning in Western non-heritage learners by analysing their language learning narratives. Methodology: Sanskrit language learning narratives were elicited through unstructured interviews. Data and analysis: Four Italian adults at a Sanskrit language Saturday class in Italy volunteered to participate: The teacher and three students, all yoga practitioners. Narratives were analysed using a combination of structured, thematic, and discursive approaches based on Riessman’s dialogic/performance approach. Findings: Sanskrit appears to be a sacred language to these learners, as it is the language of ancient philosophical or spiritual texts, and its sound has special effects on the mind and body. They learn Sanskrit to access texts in the original language and appear to have internalised Sanskritic views of perfection of the sounds of Sanskrit, their effects, and the joy of Sanskrit. Their approach to learning Sanskrit is at the interface of Western and Sanskritic traditions, as they embrace Western grammar-translation and Sanskritic teacher-disciple oral transmission and ignore the Western communicative approach and Sanskritic rote memorisation. Originality: This is the first investigation of Sanskrit learning in non-heritage Western settings and one of the first to investigate the learning of a sacred language. Yoga practitioners are a hitherto unexplored population in language learning research. A narrative approach facilitates the exploration of participants’ meaning-making and understanding. Significance: The study contributes to the emerging field of research on the learning of sacred languages, revealing some similarities and differences between learners of Sanskrit and other sacred languages. It shows that narrative approaches are suitable for researching sacred language learning.
A lightweight deep learning approach for COVID-19 detection using X-ray images with edge federation
Authors: Alvi Sohaib Bin Khalid , Nayyer Muhammad Ziad , Jamal Muhammad Hasan , Raza Imran , de la Torre Diez Isabel , Velasco Carmen Lili Rodriguez , Brenosa Jose Manuel , Ashraf Imran 
Published: October 2023

Objective This study aims to develop a lightweight convolutional neural network-based edge federated learning architecture for COVID-19 detection using X-ray images, aiming to minimize computational cost, latency, and bandwidth requirements while preserving patient privacy. Method The proposed method uses an edge federated learning architecture to optimize task allocation and execution. Unlike in traditional edge networks where requests from fixed nodes are handled by nearby edge devices or remote clouds, the proposed model uses an intelligent broker within the federation to assess member edge cloudlets' parameters, such as resources and hop count, to make optimal decisions for task offloading. This approach enhances performance and privacy by placing tasks in closer proximity to the user. DenseNet is used for model training, with a depth of 60 and 357,482 parameters. This resource-aware distributed approach optimizes computing resource utilization within the edge-federated learning architecture. Results The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in various performance metrics. The proposed method reduces training time by 53.1%, optimizes CPU and memory utilization by 17.5% and 33.6%, and maintains accurate COVID-19 detection capabilities without compromising the F1 score, demonstrating the efficiency and effectiveness of the lightweight convolutional neural network-based edge federated learning architecture. Conclusion Existing studies predominantly concentrate on either privacy and accuracy or load balancing and energy optimization, with limited emphasis on training time. The proposed approach offers a comprehensive performance-centric solution that simultaneously addresses privacy, load balancing, and energy optimization while reducing training time, providing a more holistic and balanced solution for optimal system performance.