bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐molar trophoblastic disease following coexisting molar pregnancy and living fetus subsequent to clomiphene citrate therapy
Authors: Grenman S.E. , Salmi T. , Meurman L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of the cominbation of a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexisting, living fetus arising from a twin pregnancy, subsequent to clomiphene citrate therapy for ovulation induction, is presented. The diagnostic problems of this combination as well as the incidence of molar pregnancy following the use of ovulation inducers are discussed.
Early termination of pregnancy: medical induction with prostaglandins versus surgical aspiration under local anesthetic
Authors: Hill N.C.W. , MacKenzie I.Z. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTermination of pregnancy at 4–8 weeks gestation in 1085 patients using either local prostaglandin instillation (n = 820) or uterine aspiration under local anesthetic (n = 265) have been analyzed. Morbidity for both methods was similar although the incidence of side‐effects (0.4%) and the transfusion rate (0%) were lower after aspiration than the respective rates of 59% and 1.3% after prostaglandin treatment. However the rates of genital tract trauma (0.75%) and uterine sepsis (1.8%) after aspiration were higher than the respective rates of 0.3% and 0.9% after prostaglandin treatment. The major disadvantage of prostaglandin treatment was the rate of re‐admission for evacuation (8.5%) compared with (0.9%) after aspiration, although patient acceptability for both techniques was similar. In view of the advantages, more widespread use of both methods of termination is indicated.
Pre‐eclampsia, hypertension and the premenstrual tension syndrome
Authors: Andersch B. , Svensson A. , Hansson L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA total of 261 of 17,000 pregnancies were complicated by pre‐eclampsia/hypertension in pregnancy. Seven to twelve years later 237 were available for follow‐up together with 33 women, who had a normotensive pregnancy in 1969–1973. The association between pre‐eclampsia/hypertension and the premenstrual tension syndrome has been studied. Women with present hypertension complained significantly (P < 0.05) more of premenstrual sadness than the normotensive women. However, women with previous pre‐eclampsia/hypertension in pregnancy did not have more premenstrual symptoms than women in general, on the contrary, women with a history of severe pre‐eclampsia had less symptoms.
C‐reactive protein is a marker for the diagnosis of adnexitis
Authors: Schmidt‐Rhode P. , Schulz K.‐D. , Sturm G. , Prinz H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe study reports the C‐reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations in 115 women with a presumed diagnosis of acute adnexitis. In addition to CRP, blood sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and the body temperature were evaluated and compared with the clinical findings. Diagnosis was confirmed or excluded by laparoscopy (n = 69) or laparotomy (n = 9). Clinical examinations and conventional laboratory examinations were of limited value in the diagnosis of acute adnexitis. In contrast, CRP was a highly sensitive indicator of inflammatory pelvic disease. Furthermore, the CRP determination was superior in assessing the efficacy of an antibiotic treatment.
Urinary surge of human luteinizing hormone in infertile women
Authors: Okamura T. , Kigasawa K. , Takeuchi T. , Nishii O. , Yaginuma T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn improved semiquantitative immunoassay method allows human luteinizing hormone (hLH) in urine to be detected from 2.5 to 640 mIU/ml has developed. With this method, the hLH surges in every 3 h urine samples while awake were measured in 8 normal and 12 infertile women. The result was that the urinary hLH surge in infertility was insufficient regardless of the high urinary E2 value. This result may play, at least in part, an etiologic role in infertility.
Determinants of low birthweight among the Mendi of Sierra Leone: implications for medical and socio‐economic strategies
Authors: Aitken I.W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn order to identify the most appropriate interventions to reduce the amount of low birthweight among the Mendi people of Sierra Leone, the seasonal pattern of birthweights has been studied in three hospitals and compared with the incidence of known risk factors. Malaria and pregnancy‐induced hypertension are shown to contribute to the excess low birthweight during the rainy season, particularly in primiparous women. There are no significant seasonal food shortages in this population and the best correlate for the bimodal seasonal excesses of low birthweight is the amount of agricultural work performed by the women during planting and harvesting. The significance of this for the choice of strategies to increase agricultural productivity is discussed.
A study of the menstrual patterns of adolescents in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Thomas K.D. , Okonofua F.E. , Chiboka O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractQuestionnaires and interviews with 768 female students in residence at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile‐Ife, Nigeria revealed that the mean and median ages of menarche were respectively 13.4 ± 1.4 and 13.5 years and 80.8% had menstrual cycles between 25 and 35 days. The duration of menstrual bleeding was 4.5 ± 0.8 days; 72.3% had dysmenorrhea and 17.8% complained of nausea and vomiting during menstruation.
Carcinoma of the cervix and pregnancy
Authors: Baltzer J. , Regenbrecht M.E. , Kopcke W. , Zander J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA simultaneous occurrence of carcinoma of the cervix and pregnancy is uncommon. In a cooperative study a total of 1092 patients treated for cervical cancer were examined. Forty of these women were either pregnant at the time of surgery or were operated on postpartum. The course of the disease for these patients was compared to that of 426 non‐pregnant women with cervical cancer. The analysis of tumor grading and tumor growth revealed no remarkable differences. Remarkable, however, was the increased frequency of blood vessel invasion observed in pregnant patients, particularly in puerperal patients. Also the percentage of macrometastases was higher in puerperal and/or postpartum patients. These findings might explain the worse prognosis for these women.
Amniotic fluid and maternal plasma prostaglandins in hypertonic saline‐induced abortion
Authors: Ivanisevic M. , Djelmis J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIntraamniotic instillation of 20% sodium chloride solution was carried out in 12 women within the 16th to 18th weeks of pregnancy. PgE2 and PgF2α levels were monitored both in amniotic fluid 5 and 11 h following NaCl instillation as well as in the maternal plasma within the 5‐h interval up to 36 h after instillation had been performed. A significant increase was observed of both PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations in the amniotic fluid of all women who underwent induction of abortion. PgF2α in amniotic fluid was increasing abruptly during the time of abortion, reaching the value of 249.7 ± 19.6 ng/l (n = 12; P < 0.001). Maternal plasma PgF2α showed a continuous mild increase from 20.4 ± 5.5 ng/l before to the maximum level, recorded 36 h after instillation, ranging within 205 ± 1.0 ng/l (n = 4; P < 0.001). A statistically significant increase in the levels of PgE2 and PgF2α in both amniotic fluid and maternal plasma suggests that the release of primary PGs is a pathognomonic event for initiating labor pains, maturation of the cervix in abortions induced via intra‐amniotic instillation of hypertonic NaCl solution.
Evaluation of the roll over test as predictor of gestational hypertension in African women
Authors: Okonofua F.E. , Odunsi A.O. , Hussain S. , O'Brien P.M.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFifty‐six primigravid women at 28–32 weeks gestation were studied prospectively to assess the roll over test (ROT) as a predictor of gestational hypertension in African women. Blood pressures were measured continuously in the supine and left lateral positions using an automated accutor machine. ROT was positive in only two women (3.6%). These two women later developed gestational hypertension but so did 18 others who had negative ROT. Measures that may be useful in increasing the predictive value of the ROT in these women are suggested.
Carbohydrate metabolic studies in women using a levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol containing triphasic oral contraceptive for eighteen months
Authors: Spellacy W.N. , Tsibris J.C.M. , Ellingson A.B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCarbohydrate metabolism was evaluated in 17 women before and after 18 months of triphasic oral contraceptive use. The triphasic oral contraceptive contained levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. An oral glucose tolerance test was utilized and both plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured. There were no significant changes in the glucose levels. The fasting insulin level was raised at the 18‐month test, whereas the other insulin values were similar. These results demonstrate that the new triphasic oral contraceptive preparations produce minimal carbohydrate metabolic changes.
Prevention of postcesarean infectious morbidity with a single dose of intravenous metronidazole
Authors: Ruiz‐Moreno J.A. , Garcia‐Rojas J.M. , Lozada‐Leon J.D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe efficacy of intravenous metronidazole for the prevention of postcesarean section infectious morbidity was studied in 100 healthy women, randomly given either the drug or a placebo. The metronidazole group received 1.0 g intravenously, immediately after cord clamping. Among the 50 patients who received metronidazole, endometritis developed in 7 (14%) as it did in 15 (30%) of the placebo group (P < 0.01); wound infection was found in 1 (2%) and 4 (8%), respectively (P < 0.01). If both infectious complications are compared together, the difference (16% versus 38%) is more significant (P < 0.001). Metronidazole was well tolerated by the mother and with this type of administration regimen, the fetus is not exposed to the drug. It is concluded that metronidazole, used as here reported, is effective in reducing the frequency of postcesarean section endometritis and wound infection with the consequent clinical and economic impacts.
Extremely large number of twists of the umbilical cord causing torsion and intrauterine fetal death
Authors: Herman A. , Zabow P. , Segal M. , Ron‐El R. , Bukovsky Y. , Caspi E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractExtremely large number of twists of the umbilical cord causing torsion of the entire length of the umbilical cord was found in two cases of intrauterine fetal death. It was twistd in one case 35 times and in the other 20 times. No additional pathology, such as stricture or abnormality of the Wharton's jelly, was found. The two mothers complained of decreased fetal movements and both newborns were found later to be growth retarded. A long cord of 120 cm was present in one case and normal length of 70 cm in the other. Close antenatal care in cases with growth retarded fetuses or decreased fetal movements may help in avoiding fetal demise in such rare cases.
Amniotic fluid turbidity: a useful adjunct for assessing fetal pulmonary maturity status
Authors: Strong T.H. , Hayes A.S. , Sawyer A.T. , Folkestad B. , Mills S. , Sugden P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA rapid, very simple technique for establishing fetal pulmonary maturity status is presented. Among 100 receiving amniocenteses, aspiration of turbid amniotic fluid that would not permit the reading of newsprint through it was associated with a lecithin/sphyngomyelin (LS) ratio of ≥2.0, or the presence of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) in 97% (specificity 98%, positive predictive value 97%). The authors conclude that when turbid fluid is aspirated, delay until LS and PG results are known may not be necessary.
A trial of labor after cesarean section in patients with or without a prior vaginal delivery
Authors: Bedoya C. , Bartha J.L. , Rodriguez I. , Fontan I. , Bedoya J.M. , Sanchez‐Ramos J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of labor in women with a previous cesarean section, with or without prior vaginal delivery. METHOD: Records were reviewed for 1065 women with a previous cesarean section at ‘Virgen Macarena’ Hospital who were attended for a subsequent labor. RESULTS: Chisquared tests demonstrated that women with previous vaginal delivery (n = 346) had a significantly higher rate of vaginal delivery after a trial of labor (95.24%) than those without previous vaginal delivery (n = 719) (82.95%). All the ruptures of uterine scar (n = 4) were found in women without previous vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: It appears that a cesarean section in a multiparous woman is not a determinant fact in her reproductive history and the risk of rupture of uterine scar did not appear to be present.
Maternal alpha‐2‐macroglobulin levels and fetal growth in Guatemala
Authors: Neel N.R. , Goldenberg R.L. , Tamura T. , Cliver S.P. , Avent K. , Hoffman H.J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMaternal serum alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (α2M) levels were measured at the time of delivery in 244 women in the central highlands of Guatemala. Significantly higher α2M levels were found in thin women and in poor women. In multiple regression analysis controlling for gestational age, race, sex, maternal triceps skinfold thickness and socioeconomic status, high α2M levels were significantly associated with decreased birthweight. These findings agree with those in a predominantly black population in the United States and extend the relationship between α2M and decreased birth‐weight to a developing country.
Endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding: Role of GnRH agonists
Authors: Valle R.F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To discuss a new alternative to treat patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding who fail to respond to hormonal treatments, and to outline the role of GnRH analogs in the presurgical preparation of these patients. METHOD: The causes and various hormonal treatments of dysfunctional uterine bleeding are outlined, and various methods of endometrial ablation, with hormonal and non‐hormonal preparations, are reviewed. RESULT: In endometrial ablation, while hormonal preoperative treatments are more advantagous than no endometrial suppression, GnRH analogs prepare the endometrium better by reducing thickness uniformly, decreasing edema, and avoiding pseudodecidual reaction usually present with other hormonal treatments. CONCLUSION: Because success of endometrial ablation seems to correlate with uniform destruction of endometrium and superficial portion of myometrium, thinning of the endometrium hormonally simplifies the procedure, adds in the overall success of endometrial ablation, and reduces additional blood loss by controlling the bleeding preoperatively.
Family planning and desire for additional children after cesarean section
Authors: Maier K. , Wacker J. , Bastert G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To determine the acceptance of contraceptives among cesarean section patients in a West African traditional environment. METHOD: Eighty‐three cesarean section patients of a regional hospital in Burkina Faso were interviewed at their homes as to their attitudes towards family planning. RESULT: In collaboration with local midwives, contraception for 2 years had been recommended to the patients. Only one woman had been using contraceptives before. After cesarean, 46 women used contraceptives and 13 had undergone tubal ligature. Contraceptive users had their next pregnancy on average 10 months later than women not practicing contraception. Patients showed a strong interest to limit their family size. None of the woman desired more than 5 children. CONCLUSION: Correct promotion provided, cesarean section patients in a traditional environment accept contraceptives and are interested in family planning.
Pregnancy after liver transplantation
Authors: Baruch Y. , Weiner Z. , Enat R. , Ronen N. , Blumenfeld Z. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo patients who became pregnant after liver transplantation for end‐stage liver disease were carefully monitored using pulsed Doppler waveform measurements. One patient with Wilson's disease, on triple immunosuppressive therapy including prednisone, azathioprine and low‐dose cyclosporin A, delivered a healthy girl weighing 2650 g after 38 weeks' gestation. The other patient, with HBV‐related postnecrotic cirrhosis, became pregnant less than 3 months postoperatively, under triple therapy, after being amenorrheic for 6 years. Episodes of elevation in liver enzymes were noted, and severe osteoporosis with low back pain developed. A healthy boy weighing 2975 g was born at 35 weeks' gestation. Our cases add to previous reports of successful pregnancies under cyclosporin A immunosuppression.
Topical testosterone in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus
Authors: Sideri M. , Origoni M. , Spinaci L. , Ferrari A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectives: Comparison between 2% testosterone propionate and petrolatum ointment in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus in a randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical study. Methods: Fifty‐eight consecutive patients with histologically confirmed vulvar lichen sclerosus were enrolled. They underwent a 1‐year period of topical treatment with either medication, with clinical evaluations of symptoms and gross appearance at 2‐month intervals, followed by histological evaluation at the end of the treatment period. Statistical analysis was performed according to the chisquared test and the Student‐Newman‐Keuls test. Results: A substantial improvement in symptoms was achieved in 20 (66.6%) patients in the testosterone group and in 21 (75%) patients in the placebo group. No statistical differences were observed between the two groups. Gross changes were observed in a few cases and no case demonstrated histologic modifications. Conclusions: Petrolatum ointment is as effective as 2% testosterone in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus.
Changing trends in maternal mortality over a decade
Authors: Juneja Y. , Goel U. , Sood M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectives: To study the change in trend in maternal mortality over the last decade and to find out specific causes of death. Method: A retrospective study was carried out at Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi, to analyze the causes of maternal deaths. The admission ledgers of patients admitted over two 3‐year periods (1979–1981 and 1989–1991) were studied to ascertain the total number of maternal deaths and the specific causes of death. Results: One hundred fifty‐eight deaths occurred during 1979–1981 and 149 deaths during 1989–1991. During the same period therè were 23 098 and 37 763 total births, respectively, the overall maternal mortality rate thus significantly declining from 684/100 000 total births in 1979–1981 to 394/100 000 total births in 1989–1991. Sepsis followed by hemorrhage and hepatitis were the leading causes of maternal deaths over the decade. Conclusion: Health education and availability of health services, largely at a community level, would contribute to reducing the incidence of preventable causes of maternal deaths such as sepsis and hemorrhage.
Diagnosing unruptured ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Obed S.A. , Wilson J.B. , Elkins T.E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: A retrospective analysis of the management of ectopic pregnancy at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana, to assess the impact of the introduction of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool. METHODS: All charts of patients with ectopic pregnancies from 1 January 1986 to 31 December 1990 were analyzed. The management of those patients who had transabdominal ultrasonography was compared with those who had not. RESULTS: The use of ultrasonography increased the number of unruptured ectopic pregnancies from 0.3% to 8.5% (P < 0.001). This also reflected a reduction in misdiagnoses, blood transfusions, and maternal deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The reasonable use of modern technology can be of great assistance even in developing countries, as shown by the positive impact of the use of ultrasonography to aid in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in Ghana, West Africa.
Herpes gestationis
Authors: Tanzi P. , Lojacono A. , Tarantini M. , Faden D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHerpes gestationis is a rare autoimmune disease of pregnancy characterized by itching and skin lesions. The disease causes prominently maternal discomfort, but fetal and neonatal complications have been reported; however the frequency and severity of fetal illness are still debated. We describe three cases of herpes gestationis diagnosed and managed at our institution in the last 3 years.
The individuality of teenage mothers and its implication for intervention strategies
Authors: Landy Sarah , Cleland John , Schubert Josef 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn exploratory longitudinal research project of teenage mothers and their infants was carried out, involving intensive study of a small number of cases. Four case studies from the research are presented which illustrate the tremendous differences between teenage mothers, their support systems and the need for and success of intervention. The cases also show the need to individualize support to teenage mothers and suggest that routine structured classes on child development and parenting skills are not always necessary or sufficient. The cases also suggest that there are at least three types of teenage mother‐infant pairs each of which will require a different level of intervention, ranging from Level I to Level IV. A plea is made for the individualization of services to teenage mothers depending on the strengths, emotional capacities and needs of the mother and her infant.
The status of identity: reflections on the need for intervention
Authors: Archer Sally L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe primary purpose of this article is to examine the need for intervention in the context of the information we have gathered to date about identity formation. The research evidence indicates that the identity achievement status is associated with the greatest effectiveness in psychological functioning while the identity diffusion status is related to poorer functioning. The moratorium and foreclosure statuses generally occupy intermediate positions in this regard. The identity activity of adolescents and youth is also reviewed. The complexity of the identity construct is discussed as it relates to domains, developmental patterns, gender, historical and social contexts. The author uses the findings from a longitudinal study to illustrate the need for, and purposes of, intervention while respecting the richness of the identity construct of the individual.
Adolescent ego development: relationship to family cohesion and adaptability
Authors: Bakken Linda , Romig Charles 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAdolescence has been a focus of research for several decades. Recently, a portion of this body of research has addressed the relationship between adolescent development and family functioning. The intent of much of this research has been the attempt to determine how family dynamics influence the developmental processes of adolescents. Adolescents' perceptions of family cohesion and adaptability, as well as their levels of satisfaction with those perceptions, have been correlated with ego development within a sample of middle adolescents. Adaptability and cohesion were found to be significantly related to ego development, but interactions among the two variables, as well as with family structure were important.