bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Tempering Heat Treatment on the Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloy Exposed to a Commonly used Corrosive Medium
Authors: Flores-Sanchez Daniel , Suárez-Rosales Miguel Ángel , Landa-Castro Midori , Gutiérrez-Arzaluz Mirella , Palomar-Pardavé Manuel , Romero-Romo Mario 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. In the present work, the corrosion behavior of the as-cast Cu-9Al-3Ag alloy, with shape memory, SMA, and with tempering heat treatments at two temperatures, 400 and 600 °C, were studied. These treatments were selected due to the austenite-martensite phase transition or vice versa. For this investigation, a 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte was used. Micrographs using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show the martensite phase in the Cu-9Al-3Ag alloy, likewise, in the tempered samples the austenite-martensite phases were also observed. For the evaluation of the corrosion behavior, the Tafel model was implemented, for whose curves a potential of ±200 mV was used from the Ecorr. It was observed that the sample with SMA presented a good resistance to corrosion, as well as the tempered samples, unlike the as-cast sample. Finally, impedance tests were carried out using a frequency range of 100 kHz to 10 mHz and an amplitude of 10 mV, in order to observe the resistances to the solution and to the charge transfer present in each one of the samples used.

Resumen. En el presente trabajo se estudió el comportamiento de corrosión en la aleación Cu-9Al-3Ag en estado de colada, con memoria de forma en conjunto con tratamientos térmicos de revenido a temperaturas de 400 y 600 °C. Dichos tratamientos fueron seleccionados debido al cambio de transición de fase austenita-martensita o viceversa. Para esta investigación se utilizó un electrolito a 0.5 M NaCl. Las micrografías mediante microscopia óptica y microscopia electrónica de barrido muestran la fase martensita en la aleación Cu-9Al-3Ag, así mismo, en las muestras revenidas se puede observar las fases austenita-martensita. Para la evaluación del comportamiento de corrosión se implementaron las curvas de Tafel, en las cuales se utilizó un potencial de ±200 mV a partir del Ecorr. Se observó que la muestra con SMA presento una buena resistencia a la corrosión al igual que las muestras revenidas a diferencia de la muestra en estado de colada. Por último, se realizaron pruebas de impedancia utilizando un rango de frecuencia de 100 kHz a 10 mHz y una amplitud de 10 mV, con la finalidad de observar las resistencias a la solución y a la transferencia de carga presentes en cada una de las muestras utilizadas.
A Challenge
Authors: Little R. Daniel 
Published: November 2023

The present contribution overviews several aspects of my groups’ involvement in the field of mediated electron transfer. From the laboratories of its pioneers to the present day, the field maintains a position of interest and fundamental importance, and is now widely accepted and utilized. I begin with a brief review of the basics where we will:

differentiate mediated and direct electrolysis;
highlight similarities between it and sensitized photolyses;
explore the steps/stages associated with a mediated process focusing particularly upon the kinetics and thermodynamics of the electron transfer step;
describe how to overcome the thermodynamic impasse that frequently accompanies electron transfer.
Curriculum and Material Development Using Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) for Teaching Science in Junior High School
Authors: Izzah Navisatul , Wulandari Sri 
Published: November 2023

The use of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has been effective to support learning. However, there are still few teachers that implement CLIL in their classroom. The curriculum and material development were made to support science teacher in implementing CLIL in which the integration of both content and language are highlighted. These were designed to enhance bilingual education program in Sekolah Alam Insan Mulia through CLIL. Specifically, these curriculum and material development were for 7th grade students. Using a curriculum and material development approach with 4Cs Framework for analysis, this study involves the design process of incorporating content with CLIL method intended to promote the learning process with high-quality material and learning methods. The process entailed analysing of the context and the curriculum materials, characterizing students’ opportunities to learn effectively, and assessing students’ learning outcomes. The finding of this study is the product of curriculum and material development using CLIL of a unit entitled interaction with ecosystem. The discussion related the implementation of assessment in CLIL and classroom language use is also presented in this article

Keywords: CLIL, Curriculum and Material Development, Teaching Science
EMPOWERMENT OF SALT FARMERS THROUGH THE PEOPLE'S SALT BUSINESS EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM (PUGAR) IN LEMBUNG VILLAGE, GALIS DISTRICT, PAMEKASAN REGENCY
Authors: Husein Mohammad Bustanol , Wandi Mahrus , Ma’mun Sukron , Fachrizi Achmad Resa 
Published: November 2023

The problem with salt farmers in Lembung Village is the income level of salt farmers and the lack of support from the government concerned in developing the empowerment of the salt industry. In addition, salt farmers have many difficulties such as capital, weather, fluctuating salt prices, income that does not meet their needs, and lack of support such as training to develop the salt industry. Even though the potential for salt in Pamekasan and especially in Lembung Village, Galis District is very large, it should be developed even better so that it can increase the income of salt farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine the Empowerment of Salt Farmers through the People's Salt Business Empowerment Program (PUGAR) in Lembung Village, Galis District. The theory used in this study uses the theory of Kieffer in Edi Suharto (2014) namely Enabling, Strengthening, Protecting, Supporting, and Maintaining. The reason for using this theory is because the implementation of the process and the achievement of empowerment goals are achieved through the application of empowerment from this theory. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, and documents. The government should, through the Fisheries Service, really empower the Salt Farmers of Lembung Village, considering its huge potential. In addition, the government through the Department of Fisheries pays serious attention to farmers in fostering and assisting farmers in the process of their business continuity.
The Gulf-Israeli normalization, Causes and Results
Authors: Dalian Lecturer. Dr. Enas Mijbel 
Published: November 2023

For several decades, the Arab region has witnessed Western pressure to normalize Arab-Israeli relations. These pressures come in the context of the Western commitment to support Israel and led to the launch of the settlement process with Egypt in 1978, then the Palestinian Authority and Jordan in 1993 and 1994. However, the path did not produce many processes of reintegrating ‘Israel’ into the Arab region. After the American occupation of Iraq in 2003, most Arab countries found themselves facing internal and regional pressure to accept American offers for normalization with Israel.
The so-called ‘Deal of the Century’ 2018-2020 is the largest step through which the United States sought to integrate ‘Israel’ into the region. This deal was marketed under the title of the existence of common regional threats that require normalization and cooperation, and it resulted in the accepting of four Arab countries: the Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco.
This normalization process may lead to one of the following possibilities:

Ending the existence of the Palestinian issue and accelerating the emergence of ‘Israel’ as a state integrated into the Arab regional system.
The failure of the process of integrating “Israel” into the region and the re-emergence of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The continuation of the Palestinian issue for a longer period due to the complications associated with it.

The last option is the most likely, despite the ongoing political and media obfuscation attempts on the Palestinian issue in the short run.
Iranian National Security: Repercussions of Negotiations with the Great Powers
Authors: Alaa Assist. Lecturer Nashwan 
Published: November 2023

Negotiations constitute the first step on which countries rely to settle their differences peacefully, especially as they realize that the alternative to negotiations will have exorbitant and disastrous consequences.
There is no doubt that the negotiation process is a series of activities that need a comprehensive program to define the goals and means of achieving the required results, anticipating what the negotiation process mechanism will interpret, which is known as the negotiation strategy.
The Iranian negotiations with the great powers do not deviate from this framework, as each party seeks to implement several strategies to achieve the greatest possible gains. These negotiations received wide attention because of their significant impact on security stability in the region in general and the Arabian Gulf region in particular.
The Western and Iranian negotiating parties regarding the Iranian nuclear project used both strategies of common interest and conflict at the same time. While the Iranians seek to achieve the goal of producing nuclear energy with minimal losses, the Western powers seek to stop the Iranian nuclear program and subject Iranian policy to their will.
Learning from the Pandemic: Structural Implications of Food Parcel Distribution Scheme in South Africa
Authors: Mokoena Oratilwe , Tshepo Ramarumo  , , Solly Matshonisa Seeletse  , Sam Thembelihle Ntuli  
Published: November 2023

The lack of inclusive governance and collaboration among various stakeholders and institutions to develop long-term strategies to alleviate food insecurity is an emerging pandemic during times of distress. The objective of the study is to develop an anti-corruption mechanism (food distribution aptitude for eligibility) that can remedy the structural implications of food parcel corruption during a pandemic. A qualitative exploratory review approach was adopted in the study. The reviewed studies revealed that the currently existing systems of food distribution failed due to poor recipient identification and vetting, systems manipulation by officials, lack of tracking devices during distribution, and ghost recipients. The study concludes that the divisions, bureaucracy, maladministration and corruption revealed in literature among the government have adversely impacted the welfare of the vulnerable and marginalized groups who reside in the informal settlements. Those in need of food parcels suffer at the hands of corrupt officials and their family members due to an unmonitored distribution scheme. The study model is expected to assist non-profit organizations, and government initiatives in selecting worthy beneficiaries during and post pandemics. The model is also expected to assist in removing the potential ills of the system, minimize system manipulation and corruption, and ensure transparency during food parcel distribution to the needy in times of distress.
Antimicrobial Profile and Prevalence of Salmonella Species from Blood Culture in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jain Charu , Nikita  
Published: November 2023

Background & Aim: Enteric fever is a major public health concern around the world and endemic in low- and middle-income countries like, India. Typically, it spreads through contaminated food or water. Salmonella Typhi proliferate and spread throughout the bloodstream seeding multiple organs in the body. Incidence data of culture confirmed Typhoid cases is approximately 377per 100000 population with an approximate case fatality rate of 1% in India. The management of cases are hampered due to emerging the drug resistance of isolates because of rampant and misuse of antibiotics. This study investigates to analyse the current pattern of antibiotic susceptibility among Salmonella isolates from cases of enteric fever seen at ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad.
Material & Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Blood cultures from patients with suspected enteric fever from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019 were included. The blood cultures were processed using the BacT/Alert automated blood culture system.
Results: During the study period, a total of 4064 blood culture specimens were received from the patients suspected for fever. Out of a total of 2717 culture positive samples, 373 (13.73%) were found positive for the growth of Salmonella enterica [Salmonella typhi 87.13% (325/373), Salmonella paratyphi A (12.86%)], confirming the enteric fever.
Conclusion: Treatment with appropriate antimicrobial drugs is crucial for patients with typhoidal infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility of such isolates must be reported as soon as possible.
Experimental Study on Direct Shear Strength of Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete under Acid and Sulfate Attack
Authors: Awrahman Ahmad Haydar , Eren Necip Altay , Çevik Abdulkadir , Mohammed Azad Abdulkadir 
Published: November 2023

This study primary is to investigate the shear strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC) reinforced by steel-fiber (SF) and polypropylene-fiber (PPF) in different environmental conditions: the air, sulfate (MgSO4 with a concentration of 5%) and acid (H2SO4 with a concentration of 5%). The study also examines the effect of fiber volume fraction on the workability, shear strength, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength of fiber reinforced SCC. The article aims to determine the durability effects of both fibers and their resistance to aggressive environmental conditions. The contribution of this article is an experimental investigation on the shear strength of SCC reinforced by SF as well as PPF in 3 different environmental conditions after 30 days of exposure. The study also investigated the fresh and mechanical properties of 5 different mixtures of SCC with/out 0.1% and 0.2% fibers. The study also concluded that PPF decreased the workability of SCC badly, and special care must be taken when selecting its volume fraction. Also, it was found that generally shear strength of SCC mixes enhanced with increasing SF and PPF volume fraction. Moreover, it was found that both fibers have good durability effects, and resist aggressive environmental conditions, with the best results obtained from samples containing 0.2% SF. In the air condition, while the compressive strength, shear strength and tensile strength results were 52.6MPa, 6.43MPa and 3.91MPa, in the sulfate condition those were 46.37MPa, 6.55MPa and 3.59MPa, and in the acid condition those were 34.4MPa, 5.5MPa and 3.46MPa, respectively.
A community focused approach toward making healthy and affordable daily diet recommendations
Authors: Germino Joe , Szymanski Annalisa , Eicher-Miller Heather A. , Metoyer Ronald , Chawla Nitesh V. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionMaintaining an affordable and nutritious diet can be challenging, especially for those living under the conditions of poverty. To fulfill a healthy diet, consumers must make difficult decisions within a complicated food landscape. Decisions must factor information on health and budget constraints, the food supply and pricing options at local grocery stores, and nutrition and portion guidelines provided by government services. Information to support food choice decisions is often inconsistent and challenging to find, making it difficult for consumers to make informed, optimal decisions. This is especially true for low-income and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) households which have additional time and cost constraints that impact their food purchases and ultimately leave them more susceptible to malnutrition and obesity. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the integration of data from local grocery stores and federal government databases can be used to assist specific communities in meeting their unique health and budget challenges.MethodsWe discuss many of the challenges of integrating multiple data sources, such as inconsistent data availability and misleading nutrition labels. We conduct a case study using linear programming to identify a healthy meal plan that stays within a limited SNAP budget and also adheres to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Finally, we explore the main drivers of cost of local food products with emphasis on the nutrients determined by the USDA as areas of focus: added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium.Results and discussionOur case study results suggest that such an optimization model can be used to facilitate food purchasing decisions within a given community. By focusing on the community level, our results will inform future work navigating the complex networks of food information to build global recommendation systems.
Quantification of joint mobility limitation in adult type 1 diabetes
Authors: Phatak Sanat , Mahadevkar Pranav , Chaudhari Kaustubh Suresh , Chakladar Shreya , Jain Swasti , Dhadge Smita , Jadhav Sarita , Shah Rohan , Bhalerao Aboli , Patil Anupama , Ingram Jennifer L. , Goel Pranay , Yajnik Chittaranjan S. 
Published: November 2023

AimsDiabetic cheiroarthropathies limit hand mobility due to fibrosis and could be markers of a global profibrotic trajectory. Heterogeneity in definitions and lack of a method to measure it complicate studying associations with organ involvement and treatment outcomes. We measured metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint extension as a metric and describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging determinants of MCP restriction.MethodsAdults with type 1 diabetes were screened for hand manifestations using a symptom questionnaire, clinical examination, and function [Duruoz hand index (DHI) and grip strength]. Patients were segregated by mean MCP extension (&lt;20°, 20°–40°, 40°–60°, and &gt;60°) for MR imaging (MRI) scanning. Patients in the four groups were compared using ANOVA for clinical features and MRI tissue measurements (tenosynovial, skin, and fascia thickness). We performed multiple linear regression for determinants of MCP extension.ResultsOf the 237 patients (90 men), 79 (33.8%) with cheiroarthropathy had MCP extension limitation (39° versus 61°, p &lt; 0.01). Groups with limited MCP extension had higher DHI (1.9 vs. 0.2) but few (7%) had pain. Height, systolic blood pressure, and nephropathy were associated with mean MCP extension. Hand MRI (n = 61) showed flexor tenosynovitis in four patients and median neuritis in one patient. Groups with MCP mobility restriction had the thickest palmar skin; tendon thickness or median nerve area did not differ. Only mean palmar skin thickness was associated with MCP extension angle on multiple linear regression.ConclusionJoint mobility limitation was quantified by restricted mean MCP extension and had structural correlates on MRI. These can serve as quantitative measures for future associative and interventional studies.
Postoperative hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and long-term hormone replacement in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma
Authors: Miao Yuqi , Fan Kaiyu , Peng Xiaojiao , Li Si , Chen Jiahui , Bai Robin N. , Wei Yu , Deng Yaxian , Zhao Chengsong , Wu Qingfeng , Ge Ming , Gong Jian , Wu Di 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveHypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction is a common complication in post-operative craniopharyngioma(CP) patients, and it greatly impacts the long-term quality of life of such patients. To better understand the effects of postoperative hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and long-term hormone replacement therapy in patients with childhood CP, we assessed approximately 200 patients with childhood-onset CP postoperatively.MethodsClinical details of patients with childhood-onset CP who underwent sellar tumor resection in Beijing Children’s Hospital and Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2018 to 2019 were retrieved retrospectively. The participants were followed up to assess the effects of post-operative long-term hormone replacement therapy and assess the tumor recurrence rate.ResultsThe median age of admission was 8.1 (1.8, 14.3) years. Headache (45.5%), visual impairment (39.5%), and nausea (33.0%) were the most common clinical manifestations. ACP accounted for 95% of all CP cases. The incidence of central adrenal insufficiency and central hypothyroidism within the first week after surgery was 56.2% and 70.3%, respectively. At the same time 85.5% of the patients required at least one dose of desmopressin to control urine output. Total survival and tumor recurrence rates were 98.6% and 26.1%, respectively, with a median follow-up time of 29.7 (19.0, 40.3) months. During the follow-up period, 28.1% patients met the diagnostic criteria for short stature, while 54.4% fit the criteria for obesity. In addition, 94.4% of the patients were taking at least one kind of hormone substitution, and 74.7% were taking three or more. The prevalence of levothyroxine, glucocorticoid, desmopressin, and growth hormone replacement therapy was 87.3%, 77.5%, 78.9% and 31.0%, respectively. The proportion of patients treated with the substitutive combination of levothyroxine, hydrocortisone, and desmopressin was 54.9%.ConclusionThis study is a large-sample systematic postoperative endocrine function evaluation of patients with childhood-onset CP. Due to the high prevalence of post-operative hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, patients with CP usually require long-term multiple hormone substitution therapy. Individualized management and accurate hormone replacement dosage for postoperative childhood-onset CP patients are of great importance.