bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Health Research and Ethics Systems in Timor-Leste
Authors: Martins Nelson , Gusmao Caetano , Soares Dirce , Laot Meri , Amaral Salvador , Messner Julia , Yan Jennifer , Francis Joshua Reginald 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Meaningful health research should lead to evidence-based decision-making that can be translated into policy and practice. Every country needs to have a well-functioning and resourced ethics review and clearance system to ensure health and medical research is conducted in line with ethical standards, preventing harm to research participants, and contributing to better health outcomes and national priorities. The purpose of this study is to describe the origins of the system for managing health research and ethics in Timor-Leste and how it has evolved over time; to identify the strengths and limitations of the current system; and to recommend areas for improvement.

Materials and Methods:
A narrative review of the literature (published papers, gray literature, and unpublished data) was conducted alongside key informant interviews with 15 Ministry of Health (MOH) policymakers and National Institute of Health staff between October 2020 and March 2021.

Results:
The system for managing health research and ethics in Timor-Leste has remained largely the same since it was first established in 2009, with some adaptations to cope with a progressively increasing workload. Main findings include: the Department of Research and Studies (DRS) oversees complex ethics approval process in addition to other responsibilities; the DRS lacks the legal authority, policies, and procedures to help implement its full range of functions and responsibilities; national research priorities should be identified; MOH experiences difficulties in securing funding to support health research; training in health research, ethics and governance is an important priority for DRS.

Conclusion:
It is timely and important to invest in strengthening key components of health research and ethics systems in Timor-Leste. Despite limited resources, improvements can be achieved in key areas with focused assistance and collaboration with local, national, and international partners.
Mother’s Dietary Diversity and Underweight among Under-five Rural Children in Three Major Agro-climatic Zones, Myanmar
Authors: Swe Khaing Ou , Kyi Su Than , Mya Kyaw Swa , Htet Min Kyaw , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Children’s growth is essential to nutritional status and population health. In 2015, 18.9% of under-five children in Myanmar were underweight, and only 25% of 6–23-month-old children had the minimum dietary diversity (MDD).

Objectives:
We conducted this study to assess the association between mother’s dietary diversity score (DDS) and underweight among under-five children.

Materials and Methods:
This study analyzed data from the “Livelihood and Food Security Survey,” a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 in rural areas in Chin State, Magway, and Ayeyarwady regions. It included 2029 under-five children and used underweight as an outcome variable. We calculated DDSs for mothers of under-five children using the MDD-women methodology. The prevalence of underweight and MDD were estimated. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
The overall prevalence of underweight was 26.3% (95% CI: 23.4, 29.3), and that of the mother with a MDD score was 29.2% (95% CI: 26.0, 32.8). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of underweight in children was higher if maternal MDD was not met (adjusted odds ratio = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.89).

Conclusions:
The children’s age, types of toilets, and region were independent predictors of being underweight. Underweight among under-five children and diverse food consumption among their mothers are critical public health challenges in rural Myanmar that require urgent action. Nutrition education for rural communities should focus on feeding children with locally available diverse foods.
The Surveillance of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Thailand, 2003–2019: A Perspective for Prevention and Control
Authors: Maksikharin Acharaporn , Prommalikit Olarn , Thisyakorn Usa 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is an infection of the central nervous system with high case-fatality rates. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common vaccine preventable cause of AES in Asia and part of the Western Pacific. In 2003, the JE vaccine was introduced into Thailand’s National Immunization Program and expanded to all provinces. This study reviews data from the national surveillance system on the incidence of AES, including Japanese encephalitis in Thailand to guide surveillance, control, and prevention strategies.

Materials and Methods:
We collected data on all patients diagnosed with AES and reported to the Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, from 2003 to 2019.

Results:
A total of 9566 AES patients and 266 death cases were reported during these 17 years. Six hundred and forty-two (6.7%) patients were JE with 16 deaths. The incidence of AES increased from 0.47-0.51-1.36 cases per 100,000 population with a preponderance of cases in adults. CFR reduced from 6.25% - 6.94% in 2003-2005 to 0.78% in 2019. AES cases occurred all year round in all the age groups with a male predilection JE vaccination coverage had reached 83% by 2019. The patients were mainly from the north-eastern region of Thailand.

Conclusion:
Integrated surveillance regular monitoring, strengthening, and making immunization sustainable is required to improve and maintain progress toward JE control and prevention.
Evaluation of Vector-Enabled Xenosurveillance in Rural Guatemala
Authors: McMinn Rebekah J. , Chacon Andrea , Rückert Claudia , Scorza Valeria , Young Michael C. , Worthington Delaney , Lamb Molly M. , Medrano Ramon E. , Harris Emma K. , Arias Kareen , Lopez Maria Renee , Asturias Edwin J. , Foy Brian D. , Stenglein Mark D. , Olson Daniel , Ebel Gregory D. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT.
Surveillance methods that permit rapid detection of circulating pathogens in low-resource settings are desperately needed. In this study, we evaluated a mosquito bloodmeal-based surveillance method (“xenosurveillance”) in rural Guatemala. Twenty households from two villages (Los Encuentros and Chiquirines) in rural southwest Guatemala were enrolled and underwent weekly prospective surveillance from August 2019 to December 2019 (16 weeks). When febrile illness was reported in a household, recently blood-fed mosquitoes were collected from within dwellings and blood samples taken from each member of the household. Mosquitoes were identified to species and blood sources identified by sequencing. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to identify circulating viruses. Culex pipiens (60.9%) and Aedes aegypti (18.6%) were the most abundant mosquitoes collected. Bloodmeal sources were most commonly human (32.6%) and chicken (31.6%), with various other mammal and avian hosts detected. Several mosquito-specific viruses were detected, including Culex orthophasma virus. Human pathogens were not detected. Therefore, xenosurveillance may require more intensive sampling to detect human pathogens in Guatemala and ecologically similar localities in Central America.
Case Report: Giant Oral Ulcers Attributed to Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient with AIDS
Authors: Liu Jinli , Tan Yuting , Song Shihui , Liu Jie , Zou Shi , Luo Mingqi , Guo Wei , Liang Ke 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT.
Oral ulcers are often neglected in patients with AIDS. However, giant oral ulcers are uncommon and are usually suspected to be malignant lesions. Our study presents a case of giant ulcers in an AIDS patient that were initially suspected to be oral cancer. To assist with diagnosis, conventional microbiological tests, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and a pathological examination were conducted on oral lesion biopsy specimens. The case was finally confirmed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining to be a cytomegalovirus infection.
Melioidosis of the Female Genitourinary Tract
Authors: Baker Kelly , Smith Simon , Stewart James , Withey Grant , Bain Madeleine , Pridgeon Simon , Hanson Josh 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT.
Prostatic abscess is a common manifestation of melioidosis in men, but the characteristics of female genitourinary melioidosis are incompletely defined. There were 453 cases of melioidosis in Far North Queensland, tropical Australia, between January 1998 and April 2023; genitourinary involvement was less common in women than in men (13/140 [9%] versus 76/313 [24%], odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.32 [0.17–0.60], P = 0.0004). In 11 of these 13 (85%) women, other organs were also affected. The two women with disease involving only the genitourinary tract had underlying anatomical abnormalities: one had an ovarian malignancy, the only case to involve the female reproductive system in the cohort, while the other had a urethral diverticulum. In 3 of 13 (23%) women, genitourinary involvement was identified only with computed tomography, emphasizing the importance of early imaging of patients with melioidosis to identify unexpected foci of disease and to inform the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy.
No Varicella Zoster Virus Infection among Mpox Cases in Antwerp, Belgium
Authors: Coppens Jasmine , Liesenborghs Laurens , Vercauteren Koen , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Van Dijck Christophe 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT.
Several studies in tropical settings have reported that ∼20% of patients infected with Monkeypox virus (MPXV) also tested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for Varicella zoster virus (VZV). Researchers have hypothesized that VZV infection predisposes to monkeypox (mpox), or vice versa, or that MPXV triggers the reactivation of VZV. We tested samples for VZV from a cohort of patients infected with clade IIb MPXV diagnosed between May 23 and October 14, 2022 in Antwerp, Belgium. Leftover DNA extracts of skin lesion samples from 108 mpox patients were tested with in-house PCR for VZV. No VZV infections were found. The absence of concurrent VZV-MPXV infections in our cohort indicates that VZV did not cocirculate in the population at risk for MPXV during the Belgian 2022 outbreak, but also that MPXV does not commonly trigger reactivation of latent VZV in adult men.
Comparative assessment of the carcinogenic risk arising from the release of products of high-temperature and low-temperature neutralization of medical waste into the air
Authors: Khurtsilava Otari G. , Mironenko Olga V. , Noskov Sergey N. , Magomedov Khamzat K. , Pankin Andrey V. , Fedorova Ekaterina A. , Obukhov Denis A. , Suvorova Olga K. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The problem of neutralization/decontamination of medical waste generated in medical institutions occupies a significant place among the existing epidemiological and environmental problems. Domestic and foreign colleagues consider the use of thermal methods for the disposal of medical waste to be a priority. Despite technological advances in the system of purification of «exhaust» gases, the work of enterprises for the disposal of medical waste is still of concern to the population of the territories in which they operate.
The objective of the study. The assessment of the impact of low-temperature and high-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste on the atmospheric air and public health in the zone of their influence to substantiate the laboratory control program using these technologies.
Materials and methods. The work used sanitary-chemical methods for studying emissions from installations for the thermal treatment of medical waste, modelling the dispersion of emissions with the calculation of ground-level concentrations, and the methodology for assessing the risk to public health based on «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health from exposure to chemicals polluting the environment».
Results. The results of the calculation of the carcinogenic risk to public health from high-temperature neutralization technologies are assessed as the maximum allowable and acceptable, from the low-temperature method as acceptable.
Limitations. Emissions from the main technologies for the disposal of medical waste included substances with a carcinogenic effect, but the carcinogenic risk was calculated only for those substances that had a carcinogenic potential factor.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, when managing production laboratory control programs and monitoring atmospheric air in the impact zone of medical waste incineration enterprises, it is necessary to include the such components in the mandatory list of monitored indicators as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended solids, cadmium oxide, nitrogen oxide, dioxins, and benz/a/pyrene; in the operating area of installations for low-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste (autoclaving), it is necessary to control chemical components as follows: benzene, dimethylbenzene, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, 2-butoxyethanol, butan-1-ol, propan-1-ol.
Carcinogenic risk associated with atmospheric air pollution in industrial cities of the Central Chernozem region
Authors: Kurolap Semen A. , Klepikov Oleg V. , Kulnev Vadim V. , Kizeev Aleksei N. , Syurin Sergei A. , Enin Andrei V. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Industrial cities are characterized by a significant amount of emissions of carcinogenic substances into the atmospheric air. In this regard, for the development of preventive measures, there is needed research to quantify the carcinogenic risk to health.
The aim of the work was to quantify the carcinogenic risk associated with aerotechnogenic pollution of the cities of the Central Chernozem region including Voronezh, Lipetsk, and Belgorod.
Materials and methods. Data on the results of monitoring laboratory studies in 2017–2022 were used as initial data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed according to G. 2.1.10.1920–04 “Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment”.
Results. Taking into account the available objective data of laboratory control of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the cities of the Central Chernozem region of Russia, pollutants have been identified whose exposure under standard exposure scenarios causes the level of individual carcinogenic risk to public health above the maximum permissible (1 • 10–4): in Voronezh – 1,3–butadiene (the source of emissions is the production of synthetic rubber) and chromium6+ compounds (the main source of emissions is an aviation plant); in Lipetsk – formaldehyde, at some control points – benzene (the main sources are emissions from metallurgical production and motor transport). Attention should be paid to the need to improve monitoring of the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of Belgorod, because in the presence of many sources of pollution, the concentrations of only two carcinogens are controlled.
Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to the fact that the calculation of individual carcinogenic risks is always inherent in the uncertainties associated with the assessment of exposure and the use of standard formulas for calculating doses of intake into the body.
Conclusion. To reduce the carcinogenic risk associated with air pollution, a set of measures should be implemented to reduce the intake of carcinogenic pollutants into the atmospheric air, and to implement rational urban planning decisions.
Autism and Mental Health: The Role of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Kirby Anne V. , Morgan Lisa , Hilton Claudia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Research has indicated a high prevalence of mental health problems among autistic people, with elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality. The profession of occupational therapy has its roots in mental health and can offer a unique focus on occupation to support the mental health needs of autistic clients. In this Guest Editorial we introduce articles for this special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy related to autism and mental health and use the Person–Environment–Occupation Model. The articles offer insights into how interactions among person, environment, and occupation factors affect the mental health of autistic populations and demonstrate ways that mental health can be supported through occupational engagement. Opportunities to support the mental health of autistic people include promoting engagement in meaningful activities, supporting individual strengths, and bolstering clients’ sense of self and identification with their autistic identity. Future research is needed to uncover and test interventions to support autistic clients and should reflect cultural humility and participatory approaches. We chose to use identity-first language (rather than person-first language) to describe the autistic community in this Guest Editorial out of respect for common community member preferences and in accordance with recommendations for anti-ableist language use (Bottema-Beutel et al., 2021). Decisions about language for each article in this special issue were made by the respective authors.
Hijrah dalam Narasi Etika Sufistik
Authors: Lina Munadlirotul Qomariyah Lina , Fathul Harits Harits 
Published: October 2023

Hijrah which interpreted to move, now become a new role model in society. Hijrah often interpreted as the process of moving from behavior haven’t accordance with sharia to behavior as accordance with sharia. This is shown by lifestyle, especially in terms of dress. Now hijrah glow not more than a symbol, but poor ethics. Whereas the meaning of hijrah is not as narrow as today, because basically, hijrah always talked about inner displacement in this era, has a different term with Prophet Muhammad’s era who was more dominant in moving physically. But that doesn't change the meaning of Hijrah itself. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Here, tasawuf comes as a continuous scientific integrity. Sufi teachings as the roots of moderate Islam. Through ethics according perspective sufi, hijrah that undergoes a shift meaning can be actualized through uzlah, muraqobah, musabahah, raja'. Thus, the meaning of hijrah today can be moved, both physically and mentally, so that hijrah is not just a symbolization
Dialektika Antara Akal dan Wahyu dalam Aqidah Filsafat Islam: Harmoni atau Konflik
Authors: Muh Ibnu Sholeh Sholeh 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to find the dialectics between reason and revelation in the understanding of aqeedah in Islamic philosophy, to understand whether there is harmony conflict the interaction between reason and revelation in Islamic aqeedah, to formulate a more inclusive perspective in integrating this understanding with the development science and thought. modern. The method used this study is library research method, literature studies obtained from various sources such as scientific journals, books, seminar papers, and other publications related to research topics both offline and online, data obtained analyzed using interactive qualitative model. This data analysis model consists data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results research show that understanding Islamic aqeedah, dialectic between reason and revelation reflects complicated interaction between human rational abilities and divine guidance. Although reason contemplates reality of God with limitations, revelation as God's direct guidance has main authority in aqeedah. Islamic thinkers seek to combine reason and revelation through ijtihad and ta'wil, making them central elements the evolution religious thought. The interaction reason and revelation in Islamic aqeedah raises challenges of harmony and conflict. There have been attempts to align the two with the view that true reason will support revelation, but sometimes reason and the teachings revelation are incompatible. An inclusive perspective in integrating reason and revelation Islamic aqeedah with the development modern science involves consideringtwo complementary, using concept ijtihad for adaptation, taking into account the views omodern Muslim scholars, and encouraging dialogue between religion and science in order to create sustainable harmony.
Total column ozone trends from the NASA Merged Ozone time series 1979 to 2021 showing latitude-dependent ozone recovery dates (1994 to 1998)
Authors: Herman Jay , Ziemke Jerald , McPeters Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Monthly averaged total column ozone data (ΩMOD(t,θ)) from the NASA Merged Ozone Data Set (MOD) were examined to show that the latitude-dependent (θ) ozone depletion turnaround dates (TA(θ)) range from 1994 to 1998. TA(θ) is defined as the approximate date when the zonally averaged ozone ceased decreasing. ΩMOD data used in this study were created by combining data from Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet instruments (SBUV/SBUV-2) and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS-NP) from 1979 to 2021. The newly calculated systematic latitude-dependent hemispherically asymmetric TA(θ) shape currently does not appear in the suite of chemistry–climate models that are part of the Chemistry–Climate Model Validation Activity (CCMVal), which combines the effects of photochemistry, volcanic eruptions, and dynamics in their estimate of ozone recovery. Trends of zonally averaged total column ozone in percent per decade were computed before and after TA(θ) using two different trend estimate methods that closely agree, Fourier series multivariate linear regression and linear regression on annual averages. During the period 1979 to TA(θ), the most dramatic rates of Southern Hemisphere (SH) ozone loss were PD=-10.9±3 % per decade at 77.5∘ S and -8.0±1.1 % per decade at 65∘ S, which is about double the Northern Hemisphere (NH) rate of loss of PD=-5.6±4 % per decade at 77.5∘ N and 4.4±1 % per decade at 65∘ N for the period 1979 to TA(θ). After TA(θ), there was an increase at 65∘ S of PD=1.6±1.4 % per decade with smaller increases from 55 to 25∘ S and a small decrease at 35∘ N of -0.4±0.3 % per decade. Except for the Antarctic region, there only has been a small recovery in the SH toward 1979 ozone values and almost none in the NH.
URock 2023a: an open-source GIS-based wind model for complex urban settings
Authors: Bernard Jérémy , Lindberg Fredrik , Oswald Sandro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. URock 2023a is an open-source diagnostic model dedicated to wind field calculation in urban settings. It is based on a quick method initially proposed by Röckle (1990) and already implemented in the proprietary software QUIC-URB. First, the model method is described as well as its implementation in the free and open-source geographic information system called QGIS. Then it is evaluated against wind tunnel measurements and QUIC-URB simulations for four different building layouts plus one case with an isolated tree. The correlation between URock and QUIC-URB is high, and URock reproduces the spatial variation of the wind speed observed in the wind tunnel experiments quite well, even in complex settings. However, sources of improvements, which are applicable for both URock and QUIC-URB, are highlighted. URock and QUIC-URB overestimate the wind speed downstream of the upwind edges of wide buildings and also downstream of isolated tree crowns. URock 2023a is available via the Urban Multiscale Environment Predictor (UMEP), a city-based climate service tool designed for researchers and service providers presented as a plug-in for QGIS. The model, data, and scripts used to write this paper can be freely accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7681245 (Bernard, 2023).