bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of species phylogenetic relatedness on invasion varies distinctly along resource versus non‐resource environmental gradients
Authors: Wang Guoyan , Zhang Xiaojuan , Yannelli Florencia , Li Jing‐Ji , Shi Songlin , Zhang Tingbin , Bie Xiaojuan , Chen Xu , Peng Pei‐Hao , Jiang Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding why some, but not other, plant communities are vulnerable to alien invasive species is essential for predicting and managing biological invasions. Darwin proposed two seemingly contradictory hypotheses on how native‐invader relatedness influences invasion success, emphasizing, respectively, the importance of environmental filtering and competition between natives and invaders. Despite much recent empirical research on this topic, reconciling these two hypotheses, known as Darwin's naturalization conundrum, remains a challenge.Using plot‐level data from natural forests along elevational transects covering strong environmental gradients, we examined whether the invasion of the globally invasive species crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) can be explained by environmental filtering and/or competition from closely related species linked to environmental gradients.Abundant precipitation, warm temperatures, open canopies and postfire environments facilitatedA. adenophorainvasion, whereas resident taxonomic richness suppressed its invasion. Importantly, we found that invader‐resident relatedness had a strong negative effect on invader cover under resource scarcity conditions (e.g. low water availability), but not under non‐resource environmental stress gradients (e.g. low temperature).Synthesis and applications.Our results suggest that the impact of species phylogenetic relatedness on invasion success varies distinctly along resource versus non‐resource environmental gradients. These results help to reconcile Darwin's naturalization conundrum, thereby improving the ability to predict the success of alien plant invasions in a changing world. Our study stresses the need to consider adjusting forest species composition to strengthen their resistance to invasion, while taking into account resource and non‐resource environmental gradients, particularly after wildfires.
Casein‐based conjugates and graft copolymers. Synthesis, properties, and applications
Authors: Viora Laurianne , Tichané Teddy , Nottelet Benjamin , Mouton Julia , Garric Xavier , Van Den Berghe Hélène , Coudane Jean 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiobased natural polymers, including polymers of natural origin such as casein, are growing rapidly in the light of the environmental pollution caused by many mass‐produced commercial synthetic polymers. Although casein has interesting intrinsic properties, especially for the food industry, numerous chemical reactions have been carried out to broaden the range of its properties, most of them preserving casein's nontoxicity and biodegradability. New conjugates and graft copolymers have been developed especially by Maillard reaction of the amine functions of the casein backbone with the aldehyde functions of sugars, polysaccharides, or other molecules. Carried out with dialdehydes, these reactions lead to the cross‐linking of casein giving three‐dimensional polymers. Acylation and polymerization of various monomers initiated by amine functions are also described. Other reactions, far less numerous, involve alcohol and carboxylic acid functions in casein. This review provides an overview of casein‐based conjugates and graft copolymers, their properties, and potential applications.
A simple and effective method to enrich endogenous DNA from mammalian faeces
Authors: Cui Liang Yu , Liu Bo Yang , Li Hai Meng , Zhu Yi Xin , Zhou Yong Heng , Su Chang , Tian Yin Ping , Xu Hai Tao , Liu Dan , Li Xiao Ping , Ma Yue , Jiang Guang Shun , Liu Huan , Yang Shu Hui , Lan Tian Ming , Xu Yan Chun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUtilization of faeces has long been a popular approach for genetic and ecological studies of wildlife. However, the success of molecular marker genotyping and genome resequencing is often unpredictable due to insufficient enrichment of endogenous DNA in the total faecal DNA that is dominated by bacterial DNA. Here, we report a simple and cheap method named PEERS to predominantly lyse animal cells over bacteria by using sodium dodecyl sulphate so as to discharge endogenous DNA into liquid phase before bacterial DNA. By brief centrifugation, total DNA with enriched endogenous fraction can be extracted from the supernatant using routine methods. Our assessments showed that the endogenous DNA extracted by PEERS was significantly enriched for various types of faeces from different species, preservation time and conditions. It significantly improves the genotyping correctness and efficiency of genome resequencing with the total additional cost of $ 0.1 and a short incubation step to treat a faecal sample. We also provide methods to assess the enrichment efficiency of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and models to predict the usability of faecal DNA for genotyping of short tandem repeat, single‐nucleotide polymorphism and whole‐genome resequencing.
Internal and external morphological analysis of fused‐rooted mandibular second molars in the Chinese population: A micro‐computed tomographic study
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Meng Yajun , Tsauo Chialing , Chen Min , Huang Dingming , Zhou Xuedong , Zou Ling , Gao Yuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the root canal morphology of fused‐rooted mandibular second molars based on the pulp chamber floor (PCF) and analysed the correlation between the external morphology of the radicular groove, and the internal morphology of the PCF and root canal configuration. A total of 291 fused‐rooted teeth collected from the Chinese population were scanned using micro‐computed tomography and a dental operating microscope was used for observing the PCFs. The classification of the PCF and root canal configuration were identified according to modified Min et al.'s and Gao et al.'s classifications, respectively. Additionally, a new radicular groove classification was proposed. The correlation among these morphological characteristics was investigated using the chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). The results showed that 74.2% of teeth had C‐shaped PCFs, while 21.0% had non‐C‐shaped PCFs. As for the root canal configurations, 37.5% of teeth were merging type, 40.9% were symmetrical type, and 14.8% were asymmetrical type. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the PCF types and the root canal configurations (p < 0.001). The dominant root canal types for teeth with C‐shaped PCFs were merging and symmetrical types, while the asymmetrical type was not identified in non‐C‐shaped PCFs. In addition, significant morphological association between the root canals and radicular grooves was also revealed (p < 0.001). Teeth with different PCF morphologies exhibit specific patterns of root canal category distribution. Understanding the morphological nuances of the root canal based on the PCF can assist clinicians in predicting and identifying the canal configuration beneath the visible orifice.
Genetically predicted retinal vascular occlusion in relation to cardiovascular diseases: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Jun , Pan Yiji , Yang Hongxia , Hu Shuqiong , Zheng Sheng , He Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence implicates retinal vascular occlusions as a susceptibility factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), whereas inconsistent results on the relationship were reported in previous observational studies. This research using a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis aimed to investigate the potential association between genetically determined central/branch retinal artery and retinal vein occlusions (CRAO/BRAO/RVO) and the risk of CVD.MethodsSummary statistics of retinal vascular occlusions from the largest available genome‐wide association study of European descent were used to investigate their relationship with CVDs, and vice versa. Primary analyses were conducted using the common inverse‐variance weighted approach. Several complementary sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the reliability of our results.ResultsInverse variance weighted method showed suggestive effects of genetically determined RVO on ischemic stroke (IS) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.021, 95% confidence [CI] = 1.004–1.037, p = 0.012), a genetic liability to CRAO increased the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.006–1.023, p = 7.0 × 10−4). In addition, genetic predisposition to BRAO had a positive effect on stroke (OR = 1.008, 95% CI = 1.002–1.013, p = 0.011), IS (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 1.001–1.014, p = 0.022), and cardioembolic stroke (CES) (OR = 1.018, 95% CI = 1.006–1.031, p = 0.004). The point estimates from sensitivity analyses were in the same direction. Reverse MR analyses found no significant evidence for the effect of CVDs on retinal vascular occlusions.ConclusionOur MR study provides potential evidence that retinal vascular occlusions are causally linked to increased risk of CVDs including IS, MI, stroke, and CES. This supports the need for clinical CVD screening in individuals with retinal vascular occlusions. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the effects of CVDs on ocular comorbidities.
Upper limit of normal ALT levels in health and metabolic diseases: Pooled analysis of 423,355 individuals with bootstrap modelling
Authors: Tan Eunice X. , Huang Daniel Q. , Yee Natasha Tang Sook , Wan Zi Hui , Nerurkar Sanjna N. , Kai Justin Chua Ying , Goh Kang Shiong , Ng Cheng Han , Muthiah Mark , Zhou Yu , Woodward Amanda , Le Michael H. , Yeo Yee Hui , Barnett Scott , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIntroductionGiven the global rise in obesity‐related metabolic diseases, the upper limit of normal (ULN) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in individuals with and without metabolic diseases may have changed. We performed a meta‐analysis combined with bootstrap modelling to estimate the ALT ULN levels for individuals with and without metabolic diseases.Methods and ResultsTwo separate searches of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were performed, one to identify healthy individuals which yielded 12 articles (349,367 individuals); another to include those with potential metabolic diseases but without known liver disease which yielded 35 articles (232,388 individuals). We estimated the mean ALT using a random‐effects mixed model and the ULN level (95th‐percentile value) via a bootstrap model with 10,000 resamples. In individuals without metabolic diseases and known liver disease, the ALT ULN levels were 32 U/L overall; 36 U/L in males and 28 U/L in females. In analyses that included individuals with metabolic diseases, the ALT ULN levels were 40 U/L among the overweight/obese (29 U/L if normal weight) and 36 U/L among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (33 U/L if no T2DM). On meta‐regression of study‐level factors, body mass index (coefficient 1.49, 95% CI 0.11–2.86, p = 0.03), high‐density lipoprotein (coefficient −0.47, 95% CI −0.85‐(−0.08), p = 0.02) and triglycerides (coefficient 0.19, 95% CI 0.12–0.25, p < 0.0001) correlated with ALT.ConclusionWe provide expected ranges of ALT ULN levels for individuals without known liver disease without metabolic diseases and those with or without T2DM and/or are normal weight or overweight/obese. These data may have implications for clinical care and screening.
From “business as usual” to sustainable “purpose‐driven business”: Challenges facing the purpose ecosystem in the United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Lyon Fergus , Stubbs Wendy , Dahlmann Frederik , Edwards Melissa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose‐driven businesses have a stated objective to contribute to the welfare of society and the planet alongside generating shareholder value. As interest in purpose‐driven businesses grows, an emerging “purpose ecosystem” of advisers, investors, and enablers offers different types of support for businesses wanting to transition to sustainability. This paper examines how the transition towards purpose‐driven business in Australia and the United Kingdom requires addressing challenges facing this support ecosystem at three levels. First, at the individual level where support providers need to build the capabilities of managers who are experiencing tensions around integrating societal and environmental purpose while facing pressure for maximizing shareholder value. Second, the support providers working within the purpose ecosystem offering professional advice and finance face their own tensions between environmental or social objectives and commercial pressures. Third, there are challenges facing actors in the ecosystems aiming to change the wider policy and institutional environment but facing lobbying from those wanting to keep “business as usual.” We identify practical implications for those parts of the purpose‐driven business ecosystem providing support. This includes building capabilities to combine social, environmental, and commercial purpose; coordination among support providers; and creating an institutional environment to avoid “purpose wash.”
‘Like we definitely have to go greener, but…’: Analysing affective–discursive practices in populist environmental discourse
Authors: Tormis Helenor , Pettersson Katarina , Sakki Inari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious studies on environmental issues in right‐wing populism have mostly focused on political actors and their argumentation. In contrast, this study examines environmental populist discourse from the perspective of laypeople in Finland. We used interviews (n = 25) to analyse affective–discursive practices in environmental talk, identifying four partly interrelated practices: belittling the ‘annoying liberals’, constructing the ordinary rural people as victims, externalizing blame to the ‘real’ polluters, and glorifying Finnish nature. These practices shed light on subject positions, affect, and functions in environmental discourse. Our contributions to the field of social psychology are threefold. First, we apply an affective–discursive approach in a novel context, deepening our understanding of affect in environmental populism. Second, we explore the nuanced features of populist reasoning and argumentation, shedding light on the functions and social implications of populist environmental discourse. Third, our analysis of identities and the discourse of laypeople provides insights into the dynamics that contribute to the polarization around environmental issues in society. We argue that the sceptical environmental discourse associated with right‐wing populism may persist precisely due to the affective and polarized nature of environmental issues.
Initiation and evolution of systemic innovations: Patterns and interactions in the emergence of additive manufacturing technologies
Authors: Luomaranta Toni , Martinsuo Miia , Ortt Roland 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTechnological innovations are becoming increasingly systemic in the complex and interconnected world. The initiation and evolution of systemic innovations take time and include numerous challenges, and the mechanisms through which systemic innovations emerge in the interaction between different technologies represent a research gap. This paper explores the emergence of ceramic additive manufacturing as an example of a systemic manufacturing technology innovation. We implemented an event history analysis of four ceramic‐material additive manufacturing technologies. We traced the initiation and evolution paths of each of the four technologies over time and showed a pattern of activities within and across the technologies. The study contributes by revealing that systemic innovations emerge as a result of parallel and sequential development paths of within‐technology system components as well as the interaction between multiple technologies. The timing of the coalescing development paths of the system components and technologies appears crucial but serendipitous instead of coordinated. The findings open new pathways for speeding up the emergence of systemic innovations and forthcoming research to support the evolution of additive manufacturing.
Sinigrin improves cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4 pathway‐mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Guo Shenglong , Lei Qi , Yang Qian , Chen Ruili 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion (CIR) injury occurs in stroke patients after the restoration of cerebral perfusion. Sinigrin, a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, exhibits strong antioxidant activity. This study investigated the role of sinigrin in oxidative stress using a CIR injury model. The effects of sinigrin were studied in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐injured SH‐SY5Y cells. Sinigrin treatment improved brain injury and neurological deficits induced by MCAO surgery in rats. Sinigrin inhibited apoptosis in brain tissues and SH‐SY5Y cells following OGD/R induction. Additionally, sinigrin elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, sinigrin inhibited the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signalling pathway. The anti‐apoptotic and antioxidant activities of sinigrin in OGD/R‐injured SH‐SY5Y cells were reversed by TLR4 overexpression. In conclusion, sinigrin inhibits oxidative stress in CIR injury by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88 signalling pathway.
Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 correlates with invasion of prolactinomas
Authors: Fang Qiuyue , Liu Changxiaofeng , Nie Ding , Guo Jing , Xie Weiyan , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContextProlactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), and they are invasive to surrounding anatomic structures. The detailed mechanisms of invasion are not yet clear.ObjectiveWe explored the role of PBK phosphorylation in the proliferation and invasion of prolactinomas and its possible mechanism.ResultsWe report that PBK directly binds to and is phosphorylated at Thr9 by cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which promotes GH3 cell EMT progression and proliferation. Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 (pPBK‐T9) by CDK5 enhances the stability of PBK. p38 is one of the downstream targets of PBK, and its phosphorylation is reduced as pPBK‐T9 increases in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that pPBK‐T9 is highly expressed in invasive PitNETs and was significantly correlated with invasion by univariate and multivariate analyses.ConclusionsPhosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 promotes cell proliferation and EMT progression in prolactinomas.
Same day discharge colon surgery: is it financially worth it?
Authors: Curfman Karleigh R. , Blair Gabrielle E. , Kosnik Callan L. , Pille Sunshine A. , Parsons Michael E. , Shah Chirag A. , Neighorn Christopher C. , Rashidi Laila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimSame day discharge (SDD) for colorectal surgery shows increasing promise in the era of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and minimally invasive surgery. It has become increasingly relevant due to the constraints posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare SDD and postoperative day 1 (POD1) discharge to understand the clinical outcomes and financial impact on factors such as cost, charge, revenue, contribution margin and readmission.MethodA retrospective review of colectomies was performed at a single institution over a 2‐year period (n = 143). Two populations were identified: SDD (n = 51) and POD1 (n = 92). Patients were selected by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems‐10 (ICD‐10) and Diagnosis Related Grouper (DRG) codes.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference favouring SDD in total hospital cost (p < 0.0001), average direct costs (p < 0.0001) and average charges (p < 0.0016). SDD average hospital costs were $8699 (values in USD throughout) compared with $11 652 for POD 1 (p < 0.0001), and average SDD hospital charges were $85 506 compared with $97 008 for POD1 (p < 0.0016). The net revenue for SDD was $22 319 while for POD1 it was $26 173 (p = 0.14). Upon comparison of contribution margins (SDD $13 620 vs. POD1 $14 522), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.73). There were no identified statistically significant differences in operating room time, robotic console time, readmission rates or surgical complications.ConclusionsAmidst the pandemic‐related constraints, we found that SDD was associated with lower hospital costs and comparable contribution margins compared with POD1. Additionally, the study was unable to identify any significant difference between operating time, readmissions, and surgical complications when performing SDD.
US wildlife trade data lack quality control necessary for accurate scientific interpretation and policy application
Authors: Weissgold Bruce J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInternational wildlife trade data are frequently used by government agencies, conservation organizations, and scientific researchers to study and protect species from overexploitation and prevent the spread of invasive species and introduction of zoonotic pathogens. Inaccurate data can lead to mistaken conclusions by researchers, the development of unsuccessful remedial conservation actions, and provide government officials with incorrect views of detrimental trade. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) maintains the world's most comprehensive national dataset of legal and illegal international wildlife trade recorded by individual shipments and species in its Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS). Although the importance of LEMIS data is not to be understated, the errors and inconsistencies contained therein have not previously been adequately recognized or studied. Based on firsthand experiences with the creation and application of LEMIS data, this manuscript describes a variety of errors, biases, omissions, and an overall lack of data quality assurance. An independent audit of the LEMIS wildlife trade database and the service's policies, procedures, and protocols for managing this system is needed. Additional recommendations are also offered to develop better management standards and bring greater resources for managing LEMIS, asking the nongovernmental organization and intergovernmental organization user communities to play a role.
Motor abilities in adults born with very low birthweight: A study of two birth cohorts from Finland and Norway
Authors: Benum Silje D. , Aakvik Kristina A. D. , Jørgensen Anna P. M. , Jussinniemi Laura , Kulmala Maarit , Vollsæter Maria , Kajantie Eero , Evensen Kari Anne I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo compare overall, fine, and gross motor abilities in adults born preterm with very low birthweight (VLBW) and a control group of term‐born individuals.MethodIn a joint assessment of the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults and NTNU Low Birth Weight in a Lifetime Perspective study, data were collected with harmonized methods for 118 adults born preterm (gestational age < 37 weeks) with VLBW (≤1500 g) and 147 control individuals. The primary outcome was overall motor abilities; secondary outcomes were fine and gross motor abilities.ResultsThe Bruininks Motor Ability Test Short Form total score was 4.1 (95% confidence interval 2.7–6.0) points lower in adults born with VLBW than in the control group, adjusted for cohort, age, and sex. This was partly mediated by their shorter height. They also had lower scores for other fine and gross motor tests. Results were similar when participants with neurosensory impairment were excluded, and when we adjusted for additional covariates.InterpretationAdults born preterm with VLBW had poorer overall, fine, and gross motor abilities than adults born at term. This indicates that substantial difficulties in motor function among individuals born preterm with VLBW persist into mid‐adulthood.