bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yin Kailin , Peluso Michael J. , Luo Xiaoyu , Thomas Reuben , Shin Min-Gyoung , Neidleman Jason , Andrew Alicer , Young Kyrlia C. , Ma Tongcui , Hoh Rebecca , Anglin Khamal , Huang Beatrice , Argueta Urania , Lopez Monica , Valdivieso Daisy , Asare Kofi , Deveau Tyler-Marie , Munter Sadie E. , Ibrahim Rania , Ständker Ludger , Lu Scott , Goldberg Sarah A. , Lee Sulggi A. , Lynch Kara L. , Kelly J. Daniel , Martin Jeffrey N. , Münch Jan , Deeks Steven G. , Henrich Timothy J. , Roan Nadia R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLong COVID (LC) occurs after at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, yet its etiology remains poorly understood. We used ‘omic” assays and serology to deeply characterize the global and SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the blood of individuals with clear LC and non-LC clinical trajectories, 8 months postinfection. We found that LC individuals exhibited systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation. This was evidenced by global differences in T cell subset distribution implying ongoing immune responses, as well as by sex-specific perturbations in cytolytic subsets. LC individuals displayed increased frequencies of CD4+T cells poised to migrate to inflamed tissues and exhausted SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+T cells, higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and a mis-coordination between their SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cell responses. Our analysis suggested an improper crosstalk between the cellular and humoral adaptive immunity in LC, which can lead to immune dysregulation, inflammation and clinical symptoms associated with this debilitating condition.
Insights for precision oncology from the integration of genomic and clinical data of 13,880 tumors from the 100,000 Genomes Cancer Programme
Authors: Sosinsky Alona , Ambrose John , Cross William , Turnbull Clare , Henderson Shirley , Jones Louise , Hamblin Angela , Arumugam Prabhu , Chan Georgia , Chubb Daniel , Noyvert Boris , Mitchell Jonathan , Walker Susan , Bowman Katy , Pasko Dorota , Buongermino Pereira Marianna , Volkova Nadezda , Rueda-Martin Antonio , Perez-Gil Daniel , Lopez Javier , Pullinger John , Siddiq Afshan , Zainy Tala , Choudhury Tasnim , Yavorska Olena , Fowler Tom , Bentley David , Kingsley Clare , Hing Sandra , Deans Zandra , Rendon Augusto , Hill Sue , Caulfield Mark , Murugaesu Nirupa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Cancer Programme of the 100,000 Genomes Project was an initiative to provide whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for patients with cancer, evaluating opportunities for precision cancer care within the UK National Healthcare System (NHS). Genomics England, alongside NHS England, analyzed WGS data from 13,880 solid tumors spanning 33 cancer types, integrating genomic data with real-world treatment and outcome data, within a secure Research Environment. Incidence of somatic mutations in genes recommended for standard-of-care testing varied across cancer types. For instance, in glioblastoma multiforme, small variants were present in 94% of cases and copy number aberrations in at least one gene in 58% of cases, while sarcoma demonstrated the highest occurrence of actionable structural variants (13%). Homologous recombination deficiency was identified in 40% of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases with 30% linked to pathogenic germline variants, highlighting the value of combined somatic and germline analysis. The linkage of WGS and longitudinal life course clinical data allowed the assessment of treatment outcomes for patients stratified according to pangenomic markers. Our findings demonstrate the utility of linking genomic and real-world clinical data to enable survival analysis to identify cancer genes that affect prognosis and advance our understanding of how cancer genomics impacts patient outcomes.
Revealing the quantum nature of the voltage-induced conductance changes in oxygen engineered yttrium oxide-based RRAM devices
Authors: Aguirre F. L. , Piros E. , Kaiser N. , Vogel T. , Petzold S. , Gehrunger J. , Hochberger C. , Oster T. , Hofmann K. , Suñé J. , Miranda E. , Alff L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, the quasi-analog to discrete transition occurring in the current–voltage characteristic of oxygen engineered yttrium oxide-based resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices is investigated in detail. In particular, the focus of our research is not on the absolute conductance values of this characteristic but on the magnitude of its conductance changes occurring during the reset process of the device. It is found that the detected changes correspond to conductance values predominantly of the order of the quantum unit of conductance G0 = 2e2/h, where e is the electron charge and h the Planck constant. This feature is observed even at conductance levels far above G0, i.e. where electron transport is seemingly diffusive. It is also observed that such behavior is reproducible across devices comprising yttrium oxide layers with different oxygen concentrations and measured under different voltage sweep rates. While the oxygen deficiency affects the total number of quantized conductance states, the magnitude of the changes in conductance, close to 1 G0, is invariant to the oxygen content of the functional layer.
Breaking barriers in Candida spp. detection with Electronic Noses and artificial intelligence
Authors: Bastos Michael L. , Benevides Clayton A. , Zanchettin Cleber , Menezes Frederico D. , Inácio Cícero P. , de Lima Neto Reginaldo G. , Filho José Gilson A. T. , Neves Rejane P. , Almeida Leandro M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe timely and accurate diagnosis of candidemia, a severe bloodstream infection caused byCandidaspp., remains challenging in clinical practice. Blood culture, the current gold standard technique, suffers from lengthy turnaround times and limited sensitivity. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach utilizing an Electronic Nose (E-nose) combined with Time Series-based classification techniques to analyze and identifyCandidaspp. rapidly, using culture species of C.albicans, C.kodamaea ohmeri, C.glabrara, C.haemulonii, C.parapsilosisand C.kruseias control samples. This innovative method not only enhances diagnostic accuracy and reduces decision time for healthcare professionals in selecting appropriate treatments but also offers the potential for expanded usage and cost reduction due to the E-nose’s low production costs. Our proof-of-concept experimental results, carried out with culture samples, demonstrate promising outcomes, with the Inception Time classifier achieving an impressive average accuracy of 97.46% during the test phase. This paper presents a groundbreaking advancement in the field, empowering medical practitioners with an efficient and reliable tool for early and precise identification of candidemia, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
The effect of Israeli acute paralysis virus infection on honey bee brood care behavior
Authors: Taylor Lincoln N. , Dolezal Adam G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo protect themselves from communicable diseases, social insects utilize social immunity—behavioral, physiological, and organizational means to combat disease transmission and severity. Within a honey bee colony, larvae are visited thousands of times by nurse bees, representing a prime environment for pathogen transmission. We investigated a potential social immune response to Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection in brood care, testing the hypotheses that bees will respond with behaviors that result in reduced brood care, or that infection results in elevated brood care as a virus-driven mechanism to increase transmission. We tested for group-level effects by comparing three different social environments in which 0%, 50%, or 100% of nurse bees were experimentally infected with IAPV. We investigated individual-level effects by comparing exposed bees to unexposed bees within the mixed-exposure treatment group. We found no evidence for a social immune response at the group level; however, individually, exposed bees interacted with the larva more frequently than their unexposed nestmates. While this could increase virus transmission from adults to larvae, it could also represent a hygienic response to increase grooming when an infection is detected. Together, our findings underline the complexity of disease dynamics in complex social animal systems.
Racial Discrimination and Administrative Burden in Access to Public Services
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Jilke Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEqual access to public services is a foundational element of democratic societies. Yet, stark inequalities in access to public services persist, partially due to bureaucratic discrimination, or differential treatment by bureaucrats. This study investigates the causal mechanism of bureaucratic discrimination, arguing that racial discrimination can serve as a means of cream skimming, when there are economic incentives to prioritize easier-to-serve clientele. We predict that in the absence of information regarding prospective clients’ performance, group-level performance information will be imposed on racially minoritized individuals. We implemented a nationwide email correspondence audit experiment including all charter school principals in the U.S. (n = 5850). The findings show that Black email aliases faced significantly higher administrative burdens in trying to get access to charter schools than White email aliases when no performance signal was provided. However, when a direct signal of clients’ performance was introduced, the racial disparities diminished. Overall, these results provide evidence on the causal mechanism of bureaucratic discrimination as a means of cream-skimming.
Human robotic surgery with intraoperative tissue identification using rapid evaporation ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Manoli Eftychios , Higginson James , Tolley Neil , Darzi Ara , Kinross James , Temelkuran Burak , Takats Zoltan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInstantaneous, continuous, and reliable information on the molecular biology of surgical target tissue could significantly contribute to the precision, safety, and speed of the intervention. In this work, we introduced a methodology for chemical tissue identification in robotic surgery using rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry. We developed a surgical aerosol evacuation system that is compatible with a robotic platform enabling consistent intraoperative sample collection and assessed the feasibility of this platform during head and neck surgical cases, using two different surgical energy devices. Our data showed specific, characteristic lipid profiles associated with the tissue type including various ceramides, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids, as well as different ion formation mechanisms based on the energy device used. This platform allows continuous and accurate intraoperative mass spectrometry-based identification of ablated/resected tissue and in combination with robotic registration of images, time, and anatomical positions can improve the current robot-assisted surgical platforms and guide surgical strategy.
New inorganic inhibitors derived from cefotaxime to enhance corrosion resistance of mild steel in 3% NaCl
Authors: Abd El-Zahir Mustafa S. , Soliman Mohamed H. A. , ELKady Hamdy A. , El-Sakka Sahar S. A. , Orabi Adel S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo overcome the threat of corrosion and its cost, a new Schiff base was prepared and utilized to synthesize inorganic inhibitors to enhance corrosion resistance and reduce current density. The Schiff base was obtained from the interaction of cefotaxime with acetylacetone, while 1H NMR and IR spectra were used to confirm the preparation. Moreover, FeIII, CoII, NiII and CuII metal salts were reacted with the Schiff base to give the corresponding complexes. Meanwhile, the non-ionic behavior of the observed complexes in solutions was proved from the conductance results. In addition, the octahedral geometry and the postulated structure of complexes were determined from CHNM%, IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectra, and TGA analysis. Also, the energy of molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and other quantum mechanics parameters were calculated using the DFT method. The observed results indicated the reactivity of metal complexes and their ability to donate electrons more than the Schiff base. Furthermore, the corrosion rate of a steel sample under various concentrations of inhibitors was calculated by a potentiodynamic polarization test. The obtained data displayed that metal complexes declined the corrosion rate more than the Schiff base; therefore, the binding between the metal ion and the Schiff base improved the inhibition efficiency.
Dynamic light scattering for particle characterization subjected to ultrasound: a study on compact particles and acousto-responsive microgels
Authors: Stock Sebastian , von Klitzing Regine , Rahimzadeh Amin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this report, we investigate dynamic light scattering (DLS) from both randomly diffusing silica particles and acousto-responsive microgels in aqueous dispersions under ultrasonic vibration. Employing high-frequency ultrasound (US) with low amplitude ensures that the polymers remain intact without damage. We derive theoretical expressions for the homodyne autocorrelation function, incorporating the US term alongside the diffusion term. Subsequently, we successfully combined US with a conventional DLS system to experimentally characterize compact silica particles and microgels under the influence of US. Our model allows us to extract essential parameters, including particle size, frequency, and amplitude of particle vibration, based on the correlation function of the scattered light intensity. The studies involving non-responsive silica particles demonstrate that the US does not disrupt size determination, establishing them as suitable reference systems. In addition, we could be able to experimentally resolve the µs-order motion of particles for the first time. Microgels subjected to the US show the same swelling/shrinking behavior as that induced by temperature but with significantly faster kinetics. The findings of this study have potential applications in various industrial and biomedical fields such as smart coatings and drug delivery that benefit from the characterization of macromolecules subjected to the US. Furthermore, the current work may lead to characterizing the mechanical properties of soft particles based on their vibration amplitude extracted using this method.
An optimized DCO with modified binary-weighted DCTLs based hybrid tuning banks for an E-band DPLL
Authors: Tang Lu , Yu Zichuan , Lu Yujia , Jin Zhiqi , Xia Sicong , Zhang Youming , Tang Xusheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn optimized millimeter-wave digital controlled oscillator (DCO) in a 40-nm CMOS process is presented in this work. The coarse-tuning modules and medium-tuning modules of the DCO utilize modified binary-weighted digitally controlled transmission lines (DCTLs) to achieve a better compromise among smaller chip size, higher resonant frequency, better tuning resolution and lower phase noise. The tuning precision and die size of the medium tuning bank are improved without changing the binary coding rules by replacing the lowest-weight bit of the DCTLs with switched capacitors. In comparison with traditional DCTLs, the control bits of the coarse and medium tuning modules have been changed from 30 to 8, resulting in a 34.4% reduction in overall length (from 122$$\upmu$$
μ
m to 80$$\upmu$$
μ
m). In addition, the DCO’s fine-tuning modules are achieved using a binary-weighted switched capacitors array connected to the secondary winding of a low-coupling transformer, which enhances the DCO’s fine-tuning bank for better frequency resolution with less circuit complexity. The measured tuning range of the optimized DCO is 76-81GHz with a smaller die size of 0.12mm$$^2$$

2

. This results in an outstanding figure of merit ($$FoM_A$$

F
o

M
A

) of − 190.52dBc/Hz.
Early Leishmania infectivity depends on miR-372/373/520d family-mediated reprogramming of polyamines metabolism in THP-1-derived macrophages
Authors: Fernandes J. C. R. , Muxel S. M. , López-Gonzálvez M. A. , Barbas C. , Floeter-Winter L. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLeishmania amazonensis is a protozoan that primarily causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. The parasite relies on the amino acid arginine to survive within macrophages and establish infection, since it is a precursor for producing polyamines. On the other hand, arginine can be metabolized via nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) to produce the microbicidal molecule nitric oxide (NO), although this mechanism does not apply to human macrophages since they lack NOS2 activity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Our previous work showed that mmu-miR-294 targets Nos2 favoring Leishmania survival in murine macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that human macrophages upregulate the hsa-miR-372, hsa-miR-373, and hsa-miR-520d, which present the same seed sequence as the murine mmu-miR-294. Inhibition of the miR-372 impaired Leishmania survival in THP-1 macrophages and the effect was further enhanced with combinatorial inhibition of the miR-372/373/520d family, pointing to a cooperative mechanism. However, this reduction in survival is not caused by miRNA-targeting of NOS2, since the seed-binding motif found in mice is not conserved in the human 3′UTR. Instead, we showed the miR-372/373/520d family targeting the macrophage’s main arginine transporter SLC7A2/CAT2 during infection. Arginine-related metabolism was markedly altered in response to infection and miRNA inhibition, as measured by Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics. We found that Leishmania infection upregulates polyamines production in macrophages, as opposed to simultaneous inhibition of miR-372/373/520d, which decreased putrescine and spermine levels compared to the negative control. Overall, our study demonstrates miRNA-dependent modulation of polyamines production, establishing permissive conditions for intracellular parasite survival. Although the effector mechanisms causing host cell immunometabolic adaptations involve various parasite and host-derived signals, our findings suggest that the miR-372/373/520d family may represent a potential target for the development of new therapeutic strategies against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Physical activity trajectory during pregnancy and associations with maternal fatigue using a growth mixture modeling approach
Authors: Yan Shuhan , Jiang Hui , Yang Ziyi , Tang Xinyan , Chen Zihang , Chen Zhifang , Liu Huahua , Zhang Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of physical activity trajectories with maternal fatigue. Pregnant women provided objectively assessed physical activity data by Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire four times. Fatigue scale-14 was used to assess fatigue during pregnancy. Growth mixture modelling characterized physical activity trajectories across pregnancy. The generalized estimating equations was used to analyze the relationship between different physical activity profiles and fatigue in pregnant women. A total of 626 pregnant women were included in analysis in a teaching hospital in Nantong city. Fatigue (total, mental and physical) was not different between two groups based on total energy expenditure of PA (constantly high vs. constantly low). The pregnant women in “constantly high household PA” group had the higher fatigue compared to “constantly low household PA” (P < 0.05) and “constantly medium household PA” (P < 0.05). The pregnant women in “constantly high sport PA” group had lower fatigue compared to “constantly low sport PA” (P < 0.05). Household PA and sport PA were still an independent influencing factor for fatigue after controlling for confounding variables. Specifically, we observed that higher household PA and lower sport PA were associated with higher fatigue during pregnancy.
Molecular and clinical effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on skeletal muscle function in early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Seibert Tara A. , Shi Lei , Althouse Sandra , Hoffman Richard , Schneider Bryan P. , Russ Kristen A. , Altherr Cody A. , Warden Stuart J. , Guise Theresa A. , Coggan Andrew R. , Ballinger Tarah J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe evaluated biochemical changes in skeletal muscle of women with breast cancer initiating aromatase inhibitors (AI), including oxidation of ryanodine receptor RyR1 and loss of stabilizing protein calstabin1, and detailed measures of muscle function. Fifteen postmenopausal women with stage I–III breast cancer planning to initiate AI enrolled. Quadriceps muscle biopsy, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic dynamometry, Short Physical Performance Battery, grip strength, 6-min walk, patient-reported outcomes, and serologic measures of bone turnover were assessed before and after 6 months of AI. Post-AI exposure, oxidation of RyR1 significantly increased (0.23 ± 0.37 vs. 0.88 ± 0.80, p < 0.001) and RyR1-bound calstabin1 significantly decreased (1.69 ± 1.53 vs. 0.74 ± 0.85, p < 0.001), consistent with dysfunctional calcium channels in skeletal muscle. Grip strength significantly decreased at 6 months. No significant differences were seen in isokinetic dynamometry measures of muscle contractility, fatigue resistance, or muscle recovery post-AI exposure. However, there was significant correlation between oxidation of RyR1 with muscle power (r = 0.60, p = 0.02) and muscle fatigue (r = 0.57, p = 0.03). Estrogen deprivation therapy for breast cancer resulted in maladaptive changes in skeletal muscle, consistent with the biochemical signature of dysfunctional RyR1 calcium channels. Future studies will evaluate longer trajectories of muscle function change and include other high bone turnover states, such as bone metastases.
Extent of illegal sand mining in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Yuen Kai Wan , Park Edward , Tran Dung Duc , Loc Ho Huu , Feng Lian , Wang Jingyu , Gruel Charles-Robin , Switzer Adam D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSand is a vital ingredient for modern structures and to meet demand, a substantial volume of sand is extracted illegally from riverbeds globally. The Vietnamese Mekong Delta is one of the largest delta in Asia and it has a long history of riverbed sand mining. We quantified the illegal sand mining rate in this major sand mining hotspot, as the difference between the actual volume of sand mined and the allowable rate of sand extraction set by the provincial government. The volume of illegally mined sand decreased from 16.7 Mm3/yr in 2013 to 15.5 Mm3/yr in 2018-2020. An increase in the allowable rate of sand extraction from 11.5 Mm3/yr to 15.1 Mm3/yr reduced the volume of illegally mined sand. We recommend that scientific research should be conducted to assess the allowable rates of sand extraction and the volume of sand reserve.