bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History and Prayer as Map
Authors: Huber Toni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As this local proverb reminds us, it is important for pilgrims to have certain forms of explanation and glorification of a site in order for them to negotiate it, meaningfully interpret it, and remain focused on its virtues during their ritual journeys.1 In fact, the notion of pilgrimage in the traditional Tibetan understanding would be meaningless without such forms. For example, the most common ritual act at neri, the walking of a main circumambulation path, is essentially the pilgrim ’s reenactment of the well-known narratives of the first such circuits performed there by the original heroes who opened these places. Research on Tibetan pilgrimages continues to show that oral and written texts of all sorts are constantly in play during their stagings. These texts support ritual activities not only by providing inspiring models (pe, which themselves are directly related to the perceived efficacy of the actions they define) but also by acting as aids for negotiating both the gross and sublime dimensions of any site. In the case of neri, which often have rich cultic histories, both the phenomenal and the subtle levels requiring ritual attention on the part of the practitioner can be very complex and thus require a variety of ritual texts to manage. Quite a number of these are still available for the site of Pure Crystal Mountain.
A Tantric Environment
Authors: Huber Toni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the chapters 6-9 I will introduce and discuss the principal institutions that define the most common ritual relationships between person and place at Pure Crystal Mountain. By a Tibetan reckoning, these fall approximately into three categories: Tantric meditation and specialized circumambulation; three non-Tantric annual circumambulation pilgrimages, all with differing itineraries; and one large twelve-yearly procession and associated tribute ceremony. In dealing with each of these ritual relationships, I shall also investigate their social implications, as well as the connections and continuities between the two cults of esoteric Tantric Buddhism and popular Buddhist worship at the site.
Barbarian Tributes and Great Processions
Authors: Huber Toni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Once every twelve years, at the beginning of each monkey year in the Tibetan calendar, large crowds of pilgrims assembled and camped at the base of Pure Crystal Mountain. They gathered there in preparation for the long pilgrimage procession known as the Tsari Rongkor Chenmo, or “great ravine circuit of Tsari.” When performed in full, this clockwise journey circumscribed the outer perimeter of the great, sublime landscape mal).calla that radiated outward around Pure Crystal Mountain (see figure 8.1). The prominent reputation this event enjoyed throughout Tibet was based on the fact that it involved intense physical hardships, even at times actual mortal danger, due to the prevailing conditions along the route. The procession ’s great attraction came from beliefs that the place itself and the journey were powerful enough to effect strong personal transformations in the participants. It was believed to be a particularly efficacious means of cleansing the great defilement resulting from the killing of animals, acts of homicide, and even parricide. For some, the deaths they had caused could be dealt with here ritually by facing the prospect of death itself, while for most the possibility of death during the procession held the promise of rebirth in a Buddhist paradise. Yet, ironically, as I shall show, participation in the great ravine circuit could also entail the necessity of taking human life.
The Chief Tar’iqa Lines
Authors: Trimingham J Spencer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having outlined the general stages in the development of the Sufi organization leading to the formation of schools of teaching and training we may now say something about the personalities from whom the great tariqas derive and their subsequent development. We have shown that they came into existence through an outstanding director being succeeded by men who combined practical abilities along with spiritual qualities and insight, who made collections of his sayings and episodes from his life, and taught their own pupils in his name. The difficulty of utilizing the lives of the saints as historical sources is well recognized. Hagiographa is simply biography designed, and consequently distorted, to serve the cult of the saints. It forms an essential aspect of any study of the orders since these qualities, deeds, and manifestations are real to the believer, but they obscure the historical personality. At the same time, the historian is concerned with the effects, if not the reality, of such beliefs, since they account for the existence of the cult and help to elucidate its objective expression in an organization.
Role of the Orders in the Life of Islamic Society
Authors: Trimingham J Spencer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So important were the orders in traditional society that an attempt should be made to bring out aspects of their social and religious significance during stage three, until the present-century process of secularization brought about their rapid decline. This brief excursion into the field of religious sociology is confined in the main to Arabic-speaking peoples, since these are the only peoples of whom the writer has had the personal experience that is necessary if one is to gauge the significance of religious institutions upon society in the past, since it is expressed in the outlook and attitudes of the shaikhs and adherents of the orders as they survive today.
The Orders in the Conternporary Islamic World
Authors: Trimingham J Spencer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These movements, emanating from the more backward parts of the Arab world, had in fact less influence upon Arabs than upon Africans. Each offered a different response by traditional Islam to the challenges of the age, and they undoubtedly met many men’s needs. Yet established Islamic institutions., in the persons of the ‘ulamii’, attacked all three, whilst the new men who made their appearance towards the end of the century attacked the f,ariqas in particular.
Women of Principle
Authors: Bennion Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers an in-depth study of the female experience in one Mormon polygynous community, the Apostolic United Brethren. Women in such rigid, patriarchal religious groups are commonly portrayed as the oppressed, powerless victims of male domination. Janet Bennion show, however, that the reality is far more complex. Many women converts are attracted to this group, and they are much more likely than male converts to remain there. Often these women are seeking improved socio-economic status for themselves and their children, as well as an escape from their marginalized status in the mainstream Mormon church. In the polygynous group women experience rapid assimilation, autonomy, and upward mobility. Bennion supports her study with narratives from the lives of women now living in the group--narratives that clearly reveal why many mainstream Mormon women are viewing polygyny as a viable alternative to the difficulties to single-motherhood, "spinsterhood," poverty, and emotional deprivation.
About Sickness, Barrenness, Aging, and Death
Authors: Bennion Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women generally work together to find solidarity and love in the com munity. This solidarity is achieved in spite of community norms that shun barrenness and sickness and a structure that criticizes those who cannot pull their own weight. This chapter provides narratives of four women who were able to overcome their dysfunctional status through female friendship and creative stewardships. More broadly, these stories illustrate how women, when going through the natural processes of life, often find that the best source of comfort during these difficult times is their friendships with other women in the community. These stories are highly representative of women’s experiences in Harker. At one point or another, all women experience sickness, aging, and death.
Religious Studies, Cultural Studies, And Cultural Anthropology
Authors: Fitzgerald Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the humanities we inevitably operate with a number of very general categories, as well as more specific ones, and one common reaction to critiques of ‘religion’ by those who find it a useful, if imprecise, concept is that other related categories such as society and culture are equally imprecise yet we could hardly proceed without them. Some scholars within religious studies who wish to defend the status quo hold that ‘religion’ holds a logical weight equivalent to ‘society’ but demarcates a different (albeit related) object of study and analysis. It therefore seems to follow for such defenders of ‘religion’ on this line of reasoning that problems with the category of religion are similar to problems with the category of society, and that worrying about so-called definitional problems in religion is a complete waste of time. This book has been partly an attempt to expose the mistake in this way of thinking.
Lodowick Muggleton, The Acts of the Witnesses
Authors: Underwood T L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To all True Christian People that do or shall hereafter come to believe in this Third and Last Spiritual Commission, is this ensuing Treatise directed, with love and peace to you be multiplied: It being a Legacy left you by the Lords last True Prophet, for your further establishment in Truth: As also it is left for a Convincement of the Seed of Reason, when he is in the dust; that by these Acts they may see how he hath been slandered, reproached, and belied, persecuted and imprisoned without a Cause. For how many Lying Reports hath been not only flung upon them, but also upon the True Believers of them; saying. That we own neither God nor Devil, Heaven or Hell; and all because they see us use no outward glittering shew in fruitless Forms of Worship; whilst we worship an invisible Spiritual, yet personal God, in Spirit and Truth, which the World knows nothing of.
John Reeve And Lodowick Muggleton, A Transcendent Spiritual Treatise
Authors: Underwood T L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An Epistle from the holy Spirit of the Lord Jesus Christ the eternal Father, written by the Lords two last witnesses and prophets, that ever shall declare the mind of God the man Jesus, that was crucified without the gates of Jerusalem: the Lord Jesus by us his poor despised messengers hath sent this Writing unto the Christian world so called. Wherefore we declare by virtue of our Commission, given unto us by voice of words from the holy Spirit of the Lord Jesus from the throne of his glory, to make known his prerogative will and pleasure both to the elect world, and reprobate world, a little before his glorious coming to separate between the two worlds, that whosoever despiseth this Writing, whether he be a King, or a Begger, by calling it blasphemy, or heresie, or delusion, or a lye, or speaking evil of it in any kind whatsoever; in so doing they have committed that unpardonable sin against the holy Ghost, or spirit that sent us, Wherefore in obedience to our Commission from the Lord Jesus Christ, whom they have despised, and not us, we pronounce them cursed both soule and body from the presence of the Lord Jesus, elect men, and Angels, to all eternity.
Songs and Miscellaneous
Authors: Underwood T L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the 17th of January 1676 [7] being the day the prophett Muggleton was tryed at the Old Baily for Blasphemy fined £500: Imprisoned till pay’d and to stand 3 days on the Pillory.
[The following explanation appears at the end of the song: These Verses were made By John Ladd, and Sung Before the Prophet Muggleton, on the Nineteenth of July 1681 being kept as a Day of Jubele for his happy Deliverance out of Prison, &c.]
“Yankee Faith” and Southern Redemption White Southern Baptist Ministers, 1850-1890
Authors: Harvey Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The southern ministry before the Civil War largely reaffirmed the view that “pure religion” involved defining and enforcing the proper behavior of individuals in their God-given social duties, not questioning the roles themselves. Ministers called people to their duties, exhorted the unconverted to repent, and condemned slave owners who failed to evangelize their property. They also offered elaborate justifications of the rights of white Americans to own as property people of African descent.
Stonewall Jackson and the Providence of God
Authors: Stowell Daniel W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson died on May ro, 1863, all white southerners were stunned. Religious southerners were especially disturbed, however, because Jackson embodied the Christian attributes they considered vital to the success of the Confederacy. A Presbyterian deacon and Sunday school superintendent, Jackson had encouraged revivals among his troops and had often inquired about the spiritual state of his men. He prayed fervently before and during battles and ascribed all successes to God ‘s providential assistance. For a people committed to the belief that an omnipotent God controlled the destiny of men and of nations, Jackson ‘s death was a spiritual crisis.
Christian Soldiers? Perfecting the Confederacy
Authors: Mitchell Reid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The figure of the Confederate soldier as Christian soldier has had a powerful hold on our imagination. It remains a crucial part of the myth of the superiority of the Confederate soldier, itself one of the most enduring components of Lost Cause mythology. While historians of the Civil War might disagree with the relationship between Confederate Christianity and Confederate irresistibility, some arguing that the impact of religion on military service has been exaggerated, the Confederate Christian soldier himself endures as an article of faith.
The Case of the Terrifying Toddlers
Authors: Zimring Franklin E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aremarkable part of the current dialogue about youth violence in the United States has been its future orientation. We saw in chapter 1 how the concerns and rhetoric in the mid- 1990s, paralleled earlier alarms in the mid-1970s, with one significant exception. Missing from earlier eras was a focus not on current conditions but on future developments. A large number of analyses began in 1995 to project increases in the volume and severity of youth violence in the first decade of the next century. Statistical analyses of crime trends are projected to the year 2005 or 2010. Demographic data about adolescent populations have been combined with assumptions about the crime rates of future cohorts of teen of fenders. For this reason, projections about the number of teenagers expected in coming years and their social characteristics are important elements in debates about policy.
Mary and Jesus
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary. And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. And when she saw him, 5 she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.
The World Child
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Where there are heroes there are stories of the miraculous birth. King Sargon of Babylonia was born of a virgin, hidden in a basket, released into a river, and adopted by a menial. Heracles’ mother-to-be was tricked by Zeus into a thirty-six-hour love bout appropriate to the conception of such a hero. John the Baptist was miraculously conceived by a barren mother. The Persian mangod Mithras was born on December 25 from a rock and was attended in some versions by lowly shepherds.
Cuchulainn
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before his fifth year, when already possessed of man’s strength, he heard of the “boy corps” of his uncle Conchobar and went to test them, taking his club, ball, spear, and javelin, playing with these as he went. At Emain he joined the boys at play without permission; but this was an insult, and they set upon him, throwing at him clubs, spears, and balls, all of which he fended off, besides knocking down fifty of the boys, while his “contortion” seized him-the first reference to this curious phenomenon.
Draupadi
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pandava brothers had lost everything on a few rolls of the dice, and their hostile cousins, the Kauravas, were triumphant. Gone was the Pandava wealth, their gems, their homes, their lands-everything. But Yudhishthira, the leader of the Pandava brothers, could not let the game stop. To the amazement of the other nobles assembled to watch, he put first tering with the strength of her heart, and demanded the freedom of Yudhishthira and his brothers-her husbands.
Moses
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Moses drew near to Mount Horeb, he was aware at once that it was a holy place, for he noticed that passing birds did not alight upon it. At his approach the mountain began to move, as though to go forward and meet him, and it settled back into quietude only when his foot rested upon it. The first thing Moses noticed was the wonderful burning bush, the upper part of which was a blazing flame, neither consuming the bush, nor pre venting it from bearing blossoms as it burnt, for the celestial fire has three peculiar qualities: it produces blossoms, it does not consume the object around which it plays, and it is black of color.
Dionysos (Dionysus)
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the child had been nursed (or before, in some accounts), Zeus transformed him into a kid in order to hide him from the jealous Hera. Hermes then carried him to the nymphs of Nysa, a mountain that different writers have located in Thrace, Asia, and Africa. Some accounts identify these nymphs as the Hyades, formerly called the Dodonidae, and add that Dionysus later placed them in the stars out of gratitude. Whoever they were, the Nysaean nymphs reared the goat-child in a cave on the mountain.
Origins and Initiation
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To deny the past which lives in us is to deny the source of psychic reality. The role of the child-hero is to lead us to that source. Without roots neither the hero nor the individual nor the race can be whole. The child-hero is more than human; he is a symbol of what Jung called “the pre-conscious childhood aspect of the collective psyche.”
Wunzh
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In times past, a poor Indian was living with his wife and children in a beautiful part of the country. He was not only poor, but inexpert in procuring food for his family, and his children were all too young to give him assistance. Although poor, he was a man of a kind and contented disposition. He was always thankful to the Great Spirit for everything he received. The same disposition was inherited by his eldest son, who had now arrived at the proper age to undertake the ceremony of the Keiguishimowin, or fast, to see what kind of a spirit would be his guide and guardian through life.
The Pleiades
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In various parts of the world and among different races there are traditions that the lustre of the Pleiades is associated with acts in which women were concerned. There is an Australian legend on the subject. According to this story, it was the girls who had reached the age of adolescence who perceived the necessity for bringing the body under subjection to the mind in order to restrain physical appetite and control the effects of pain and fear. They saw that without such control there could be no real racial advancement.
The Seven Sleepers
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Seven Sleepers were natives of the city of Ephesus. The Emperor Decius, the persecutor of the Christians, came to Ephesus, and built temples in the centre of the city, that all might take part with him in the worship of the idols. And when he ordered all the Christians to be sought out, that all the bishops who had professed the resurrection of the dead should receive indulgence.
Sita
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Then Sita, circumambulating Rama, standing with downcast eyes, approached the fire; with folded hands she stood and prayed: “Inasmuch as my heart has never turned from Rama, do thou,0 Fire, all men’s witness, guard me; since Rama casts me away as stained, who in sooth am stainless, do thou be my refuge.”
Gawain And Percival
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Sir Gawain, this marvel which is of God may not be known unto all, but shall be held secret, yet since ye have asked thereof, sweet kinsman and dear guest, I may not withhold the truth. ‘Tis the Grail which ye now behold. Herein have ye won the world’s praise, for manhood and courage alike have ye right well shown, in that ye have achieved this toilsome quest.
Jesus
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In that hour Jesus rejoiced in spirit, and said, I thank thee,0 Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes: even so, Father; for so it seemed good in thy sight. All things are delivered to me of my Father; and no man knoweth who the Son is, but the Father; and who the Father is, but the Son, and he to whom the Son will reveal him.
Wanjiru
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sun was very hot and there was no rain, so the crops died and hunger was great. This happened one year; and it happened again a second, and even a third year, that the rain failed. The people all gathered together on the great open space on the hilltop, where they were wont to dance, and they said to each other, “Why does the rain delay in coming?” And they went to the Medicine-Man and they said to him, “Tell us why there is no rain, for our crops have died, and we shall die of hunger.”
Kutoyis
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Then the little girl, who was watching, came up to him, and said, “Pity me, man-eater, my mother is hungry and asks you for those bones.” So the old man bunched them up together and handed them to her. She took them out, and called all the dogs to her, and threw the bones down to the dogs, crying out, “Look out, Kutoyis; the dogs are eating you!” and when she said that, Kutoyis arose from the pile of bones.