bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of
Gallibacterium anatis
Isolates from Different Chicken Flocks
Authors: Bojesen Anders Miki , Torpdahl Mia , Christensen Henrik , Olsen John Elmerdahl , Bisgaard Magne 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to characterize the genotypic diversity of a total of 114
Gallibacterium anatis
isolates originating from a reference collection representing 15 biovars from four countries and isolates obtained from tracheal and cloacal swab samples of chickens from an organic, egg-producing flock and a layer parent flock. A subset of strains was also characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and biotyping. The organic flock isolates were characterized by more than 94% genetic similarity, indicating that only a single clone was apparent in the flock. The layer parent flock isolates were grouped into two subclusters, each with similarity above 90%. One subcluster contained only tracheal isolates, while the other primarily included cloacal isolates. In conclusion, we show that AFLP analysis enables fingerprinting of
G. anatis
, which seems to have a clonal population structure within natural populations. There was further evidence of clonal lineages, which may have adapted to different sites within the same animal.
Interpreting the Results of the Amplified
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Direct Test for Detection of
M. tuberculosis
rRNA
Authors: Middleton Andrew M. , Cullinan Paul , Wilson Robert , Kerr Jonathan R. , Chadwick Maureen V. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

The Amplified
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Direct (AMTD) test detects
M. tuberculosis
rRNA. By using culture of
M. tuberculosis
as a gold standard, a number of different diagnostic indices were examined in an attempt to determine the diagnostic performance of the AMTD test and demonstrate how it might usefully be interpreted during the early management of disease.
Subgenotype Analysis of
Cryptosporidium
Isolates from Humans, Cattle, and Zoo Ruminants in Portugal
Authors: Alves Margarida , Xiao Lihua , Sulaiman Irshad , Lal Altaf A. , Matos Olga , Antunes Francisco 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidium parvum
and
Cryptosporidium hominis
isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, cattle, and wild ruminants were characterized by PCR and DNA sequencing analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. Seven alleles were identified, three corresponding to
C. hominis
and four corresponding to
C. parvum
. One new allele was found (IId), and one (IIb) had only been found in Portugal. Isolates from cattle and wild ruminants clustered in two alleles. In contrast, human isolates clustered in seven alleles, showing extensive allelic diversity.
Sequence Analysis of the Matrix (M2) Protein Gene of Avian Pneumovirus Recovered from Turkey Flocks in the United States
Authors: Dar Arshud M. , Munir Shirin , Goyal Sagar M. , Kapur Vivek 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
We here report the comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the avian pneumovirus subgroup C (APV C) matrix (M2) gene of cell culture-adapted isolates and clinical samples. Limited heterogeneity was observed among the M2 sequences, suggesting that diagnostic tests and vaccines against APV C are likely to exhibit broad cross-reactivity.
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
Bacteremia and Review of Human
Desulfovibrio
Infections
Authors: Goldstein Ellie J. C. , Citron Diane M. , Peraino Victoria A. , Cross Sally A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

One case of primary
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
bacteremia in an immunocompetent man is presented, and 15 other reported cases are reviewed. While most isolates have not been identified to the species level,
Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis
and
D. desulfuricans
have been associated with incidents of bacteremia and
D. vulgaris
has been associated with intra-abdominal infections. In vitro studies suggest that empirical therapy with either imipenem or metronidazole should be considered.
Microbiologic Surveillance Using Nasal Cultures Alone Is Sufficient for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Isolates in Neonates
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Gavin Patrick J. , Vescio Thomas , Thomson, Richard B. , Deddish Ruth B. , Fisher Adrienne , Noskin Gary A. , Peterson Lance R. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

During an outbreak of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) in the neonatal intensive care units at two hospitals, we assessed several sites for detection of MRSA colonization. Nasal cultures found 32 of 33 MRSA-colonized patients (97%). Rectal cultures detected 29% of 24 MRSA-colonized patients identified by paired rectal and nasal samples and axillary samples found 22% of 9 MRSA-colonized patients identified by axillary samples paired with nasal swabs. There were no positive umbilical samples.
Plasma versus Serum for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2-Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies with a Glycoprotein G2-Based Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Cherpes Thomas L. , Meyn Leslie A. , Hillier Sharon L. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
To evaluate the consonance between plasma and serum for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies, we compared results from concurrently obtained plasma and sera in 710 sexually active women by using a glycoprotein G2-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Focus Technologies, Cypress, Calif.) and found 98.9% agreement between the two specimen types. Plasma appears to be an acceptable matrix for use with this assay.
Emergence of Novel Human Group A Rotavirus G12 Strains in India
Authors: Das Soma , Varghese V. , Chaudhury S. , Barman P. , Mahapatra S. , Kojima K. , Bhattacharya S. K. , Krishnan T. , Ratho R. K. , Chhotray G. P. , Phukan A. C. , Kobayashi N. , Naik T. N. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
Three rare human G12 strains were detected from diarrheic clinical samples of children (<8 months of age) in Calcutta during a routine surveillance study of rotaviral diarrhea in India. The VP7 genes of G12 strains and their products showed maximum homology (97 to 99% at the nucleotide level and 98% at the amino acid level, respectively) with those of two recently reported G12 strains (from the United States and Thailand) but lesser homology with those of prototype G12 strain L26.
Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus DNA Loads in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Women with High-Grade Cervical Lesions Are Strongly Elevated
Authors: Weissenborn S. J. , Funke A. M. , Hellmich M. , Mallmann P. , Fuchs P. G. , Pfister H. J. , Wieland U. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA loads of six oncogenic HPV types were measured by real-time PCR in cervical scrapes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected women. In both groups, HPV loads increased with the grade of cervical disease. HIV infection did not affect HPV loads in low-grade lesions but was associated with significantly higher HPV loads in severe dysplasia; highest loads were found in advanced HIV disease. Our data reflect the aggressive course of HPV infection in HIV-positive women.
Nocardia veterana
Isolated from Ascitic Fluid of a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Godreuil Sylvain , Didelot Marie-Noëlle , Perez Colette , Leflèche Anne , Boiron Patrick , Reynes Jacques , Laurent Frédéric , Jean-Pierre Hélène , Marchandin Hélène 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Nocardia veterana
is a recently characterized species within the genus
Nocardia
, and only three human clinical isolates have been reported for this species. We describe a case of ascitic fluid infection in an immunocompromised patient due to
N. veterana
. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a
Nocardia
sp. strain from ascitic fluid and the fourth report of
N. veterana
isolated from human samples. Chemotaxonomic methods showed the strain to belong to the genus
Nocardia
, and identification to the species level was done by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of
N. veterana
is reported here for the second time. The strain was deposited in the Collection of the Pasteur Institute and in the Culture Collection of the University of Göteborg (CIP 107497 and CCUG 46576). The corresponding 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence is available from the GenBank database under accession number
AY149599
. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted and showed that
N. veterana
was most closely related to the recently characterized species
Nocardia africana
rather than to
Nocardia vaccinii
, as previously reported.
Francisella tularensis
Bacteremia
Authors: Haristoy X. , Lozniewski A. , Tram C. , Simeon D. , Bevanger L. , Lion C. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Bacteremia caused by
Francisella tularensis
is rare and has been reported mainly in the United States and infrequently in Europe. We report herein the first case of bacteremic
F. tularensis
pneumonia in an immunocompetent individual in southern Europe.
Corynebacterium freneyi
Bacteremia
Authors: Auzias Amélie , Bollet Claude , Ayari Raouf , Drancourt Michel , Raoult Didier 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium freneyi
is a recently described alpha-glucosidase-positive species of the genus
Corynebacterium
. To our knowledge, there is no description of human infection due to this species. We report on a case of bacteremia due to
C. freneyi
following vascular surgery.
Soft Tissue Infection Caused by a Novel Pigmented, Rapidly Growing
Mycobacterium
Species
Authors: Turenne Christine Y. , Suchak Amar A. , Wolfe Joyce N. , Kabani Amin , Nicolle Lindsay E. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Molecular techniques are playing an important role in the diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. This case report describes a chronic soft tissue infection in an immunocompetent patient caused by a previously undescribed pigmented, rapidly growing
Mycobacterium
species, emphasizing the importance of clinical suspicion and effective laboratory techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of infection.
Lactobacillus paracasei
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Neef Phyllis A. , Polenakovik Hari , Clarridge Jill E. , Saklayen Mohammad , Bogard Laura , Bernstein Jack M. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

We describe the first case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis due to
Lactobacillus paracasei
. It occurred in a 65-year-old patient with recurrent episodes of peritonitis while he was receiving a prolonged course of intraperitoneal vancomycin.
L
.
paracasei
should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pathogens in CAPD-related peritonitis, especially in patients receiving prolonged vancomycin or glycopeptide treatment.
Disseminated Infection with a Mycobacterium Related to
Mycobacterium triplex
with Central Nervous System Involvement Associated with AIDS
Authors: Zeller Valérie , Nardi Anne-Lyse , Truffot-Pernot Chantal , Sougakoff Wladimir , Stankoff Bruno , Katlama Christine , Bricaire François 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

We report on a case of disseminated infection with central nervous system involvement due to an atypical mycobacterium related to
Mycobacterium triplex
in a severely immunodepressed human immunodeficiency virus-infected man.
Tuboovarian Abscess Caused by
Atopobium vaginae
following Transvaginal Oocyte Recovery
Authors: Geißdörfer Walter , Böhmer Christoph , Pelz Klaus , Schoerner Christoph , Frobenius Wolfgang , Bogdan Christian 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

A 39-year-old woman with tubarian sterility fell ill with acute pelvic inflammatory disease 2 months after transvaginal oocyte recovery. Laparotomy revealed a large tuboovarian abscess, from which
Atopobium vaginae
, an anaerobic gram-positive coccoid bacterium of hitherto unknown clinical significance, was isolated. The microbial etiology and the risk of pelvic infections following transvaginal punctures are discussed.
Four weeks of androstenedione supplementation diminishes the treatment response in middle aged men
Authors: Beckham S G , Earnest C P 
Published: June 2003

Objectives:To examine baseline hormonal concentrations and the pharmacokinetic response on day 0 and day 28 of 28 days of androstenedione supplementation.Methods:Eight men (mean (SD) age 44.1 (3.0) years (range 40–48), weight 76.3 (9.4) kg, and percentage body fat 20.6 (6.7)) participated in a randomised, double blind, cross over, 2 × 28 day placebo controlled study. Subjects were tested on day 0 and 28 days after receiving 200 mg/day oral androstenedione and a placebo treatment with a 28 day washout period between treatments. Serum hormone concentrations were examined at baseline (time 0) and then at 30 minute intervals for 180 minutes to measure day 0 and day 28 pharmacokinetic responses. Analytes included androstenedione, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), oestradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Lipid concentrations, weight, body composition, resting heart rate, and blood pressure were also measured.Results:Analysis of integrated area under the curve (AUC) and time 0 hormonal concentrations by repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Fisher’s post hoc analysis showed a significant increase in AUC for serum androstenedione at day 0 (108.3 (27.6) nmol/l) in the supplemented condition as compared with day 28 (43.4 (13.1) nmol/l) and placebo (2.1 (0.8) nmol/l) conditions. No other significant AUC changes were noted. After 28 days of supplementation, DHEAS levels were significantly elevated (p = 0.00002) at time 0 (12.9 (1.3) μmol/l) compared with placebo (7.0 (0.8) μmol/l) with a trend (p = 0.08) toward elevation of time 0 androstenedione concentrations (16.4 (7.0) nmol/l) compared with placebo (5.6 (0.4) nmol/l). No changes were found for lipids, resting heart rate, or blood pressure, weight, or percentage body fat.Conclusion:Although supplementation with 200 mg/day androstenedione increases AUC for serum androstenedione in the day 0 condition, continued supplementation is characterised by a diminished treatment response, coupled with time 0 increases in testosterone precursors but not testosterone.
The current status of sports medicine training in United States internal medicine residency programmes
Authors: Sweeney C L , Davidson M , Melgar T , Patel D , Cucos D 
Published: June 2003

Objective:To determine the general status of sports medicine training in internal medicine residency programmes in the United States.Methods:A cross sectional survey of the programme directors and chief residents of each of the 407 accredited internal medicine programmes listed in the 1999–2000 Graduate Medical Education Directory.Results:The questionnaire was returned by 231 of 404 (57%) programme directors and 233 of 404 (58%) chief residents. A chief and director of the same programme (paired responses) replied from 144 of 404 (36%) programmes surveyed. A formal sports medicine curriculum was reported by 22.1% of programme directors. Programmes with a formal curriculum were 2.9 times more likely to offer any of the sports medicine educational experiences (p<0.0001; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel). Programmes with block rotations were more likely to include all of the educational experiences surveyed than those without (p<0.002 for each; χ2test). A total of 162 programmes included sports medicine as part of other rotations. Most programmes only included sports medicine as part of other rotations: 44.6% (103/231) of all programmes and 63.6% (103/162) of programmes with sports medicine as part of other rotations. Some 29.9% (69/231) of directors reported having an elective, and 3.9% (9/231) reported a required rotation. Almost a quarter (21.7%; 50/231) of directors reported that their residents received no clinical experience in sports medicine.Conclusions:Little attention is given to the subject of sports medicine when internal medicine residency curricula are developed in the United States. Thus only a small percentage of American internal medicine residency programmes provide significant training in sports medicine.
A prospective study of running injuries: the Vancouver Sun Run “In Training” clinics
Authors: Taunton J E , Ryan M B , Clement D B , McKenzie D C , Lloyd-Smith D R , Zumbo B D 
Published: June 2003

Objectives:Seventeen running training clinics were investigated to determine the number of injuries that occur in a running programme designed to minimise the injury rate for athletes training for a 10 km race. The relative contributions of factors associated with injury were also reported.Methods:A total of 844 primarily recreational runners were surveyed in three trials on the 4th, 8th, and 12th week of the 13 week programme of the “In Training” running clinics. Participants were classified as injured if they experienced at least a grade 1 injury—that is, pain only after running. Logistic regression modelling and odds ratio calculation were performed for each sex using the following predictor variables: age, body mass index (BMI), previous aerobic activity, running frequency, predominant running surface, arch height, running shoe age, and concurrent cross training.Results:Age played an important part in injury in women: being over 50 years old was a risk factor for overall injury, and being less than 31 years was protective against new injury. Running only one day a week showed a non-significant trend for injury risk in men and was a significant risk factor in women and overall injury. A BMI of > 26 kg/m2was reported as protective for men. Running shoe age also significantly contributed to the injury model. Half of the participants who reported an injury had had a previous injury; 42% of these reported that they were not completely rehabilitated on starting the 13 week training programme. An injury rate of 29.5% was recorded across all training clinics surveyed. The knee was the most commonly injured site.Conclusions:Although age, BMI, running frequency (days a week), and running shoe age were associated with injury, these results do not take into account an adequate measure of exposure time to injury, running experience, or previous injury and should thus be viewed accordingly. In addition, the reason for the discrepancy in injury rate between these 17 clinics requires further study.
Energy demands during a judo match and recovery
Authors: Degoutte F , Jouanel P , Filaire E 
Published: June 2003

Objective:To assess energy demand during a judo match and the kinetics of recovery by measuring the metabolites of the oxypurine cascade, lipolytic activity, and glycolytic pathway.Methods:Venous blood samples were taken from 16 national judoists (mean (SEM) age 18.4 (1.6) years), before (T1) and three minutes (T2), one hour (T3), and 24 hours (T4) after a match. A seven day diet record was used to evaluate nutrient intake.Results:Nutrient analysis indicated that these athletes followed a low carbohydrate diet. Plasma lactate concentration had increased to 12.3 (1.8) mmol/l at the end of the match. An increase in the levels of extracellular markers of muscle adenine nucleotide catabolism, urea, and creatinine was observed at T2, while uric acid levels remained unchanged. High concentrations of urea persisted for 24 hours during the recovery period. Ammonia, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and creatinine returned to control levels within the 24 hour recovery period. Uric acid concentrations rose from T3and had not returned to baseline 24 hours after the match. The levels of triglycerides, glycerol, and free fatty acids had increased significantly (p<0.05) after the match (T2) but returned to baseline values within 24 hours. Concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly increased after the match.Conclusions:These results show that a judo match induces both protein and lipid metabolism. Carbohydrate availability, training adaptation, and metabolic stress may explain the requirement for these types of metabolism.
Cricket injuries: a longitudinal study of the nature of injuries to South African cricketers
Authors: Stretch R A 
Published: June 2003

Objective:To determine the incidence and nature of injuries sustained by elite cricketers during a three season period in order to identify possible injury patterns.Methods:Thirty six physiotherapists and 13 doctors working with 11 provincial and the South African national teams completed a questionnaire for each cricketer who presented with an injury during each season to determine anatomical site of injury, month of injury during the season, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, whether it was a recurrence of a previous injury, whether the injury had recurred again during the season, and biographical data.Results:A total of 436 cricketers sustained 812 injuries. Bowling (41.3%), fielding and wicketkeeping (28.6%), and batting (17.1%) accounted for most of the injuries. The lower limbs (49.8%), upper limbs (23.3%), and back and trunk (22.8%) were most commonly injured. The injuries occurred primarily during first class matches (27.0%), limited overs matches (26.9%), and practices (26.8%) during the early part of the season. Acute injuries made up 64.8% of the injuries. The younger players (up to 24 years) sustained 57% of the first time injuries, and the players over 24 years of age sustained 58.7% of the injuries that recurred from a previous season. The injuries were mainly soft tissue injuries predominantly to muscle (41.0%), joint (22.2%), tendon (13.2%), and ligament (6.2%). The primary mechanism of injury was the delivery and follow through of the fast bowler (25.6%), overuse (18.3%), and fielding (21.4%).Conclusion:The results indicate a pattern of cause of injury, with the young fast bowler most likely to sustain an acute injury to the soft tissues of the lower limb while participating in matches and practices during the early part of the season.
Heart rate responses of women aged 23–67 years during competitive orienteering
Authors: Bird S , George M , Balmer J , Davison R C R 
Published: June 2003

Objectives:To compare the heart rate responses of women orienteers of different standards and to assess any relation between heart rate responses and age.Methods:Eighteen competitive women orienteers completed the study. They were divided into two groups: eight national standard orienteers (ages 23–67 years); 10 club standard orienteers (ages 24–67 years). Each participant had her heart rate monitored during a race recognised by the British Orienteering Federation. Peak heart rate (HRPEAK), mean heart rate (HRMEAN), standard deviation of her heart rate during each orienteering race (HRSD), and mean change in heart rate at each control point (ΔHRCONTROL) were identified. The data were analysed using analysis of covariance with age as a covariate.Results:National standard orienteers displayed a lower within orienteering race standard deviation in heart rate (6 (2)v12 (2) beats/min, p<0.001) and a lower ΔHRCONTROL(5 (1)v17 (4) beats/min, p<0.001). The mean heart rate during competition was higher in the national standard group (170 (11)v158 (11) beats/min, p = 0.025). The HRMEANfor the national and club standard groups were 99 (8)% and 88 (9)% of their age predicted maximum heart rate (220−age) respectively. All orienteers aged >55 years (n = 4) recorded HRMEANgreater than their age predicted maximum.Conclusions:The heart rate responses indicate that national and club standard women orienteers of all ages participate in the sport at a vigorous intensity. The higher ΔHRCONTROLof club standard orienteers is probably due to failing to plan ahead before arriving at the controls and this, coupled with slowing down to navigate or relocate when lost, produced a higher HRSD.