bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of bladder neck movement in postpartum women using perineal ultrasonography
Authors: Wise B. , Cutner A. , Cardozo L. , Abbott D. , Burton G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty‐three postpartum women underwent perineal ultrasonography to determine bladder neck position at rest, on Valsalva and during pelvic floor contraction. On Valsalva, significant descent of the bladder neck and apposition to the symphysis pubis occurred. During pelvic floor contraction, there was significant elevation of the bladder neck; however, in approximately one‐third of cases no movement was demonstrated. The bladder neck was shown to move through the arc of a circle whose center is the inferior border of the symphysis pubis. Perineal ultrasound provides a simple, objective way of measuring bladder neck elevation during pelvic floor contraction. This may be a more appropriate means of determining treatment outcome, in women undergoing conservative treatment for genuine stress incontinence, than measures of vaginal squeeze pressure. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Color Doppler imaging of the uterine artery in pregnancy: normal ranges of impedance to blood flow, mean velocity and volume of flow
Authors: Bower S. , Vyas S. , Campbell S. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a cross‐sectional study of 215 healthy women with singleton pregnancies at 18–42 weeks' gestation, color Doppler imaging was used to identify the main uterine arteries for subsequent pulsed Doppler studies. Flow velocity waveforms were obtained and indices of impedance, mean blood velocity and vessel diameter were measured, and the total volume of blood flow to the uterus was calculated. Impedance to flow decreased, I whereas blood velocity and volume flow increased significantly with gestation. Furthermore, impedance to flow was lower and velocity higher in the placental uterine artery, i.e. closest to the main bulk of the placenta, than in the non‐placental artery. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Successful outcome after Nd : YAG laser separation of chorioangiopagus‐twins under sonoendoscopic control
Authors: Ville Y. , Hecher K. , Ogg D. , Warren R. , Nicolaides K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEndoscopic laser coagulation of the chorioangiopagus was successfully performed at 25 weeks' gestation in a pregnancy presenting with acute polyhydramnios due to twin transfusion syndrome. Under local anesthesia, a rigid fetoscope housed in a 2.7 mm diameter cannula was introduced transabdominally into the amniotic cavity and the communicating vessels were coagulated by Nd : YAG laser through a fiber that was passed down the side‐arm of the cannula. There was rapid normalization of urine output in both fetuses and resolution of the oligo‐ and polyhydramnios in the donor and recipient twins, respectively. Furthermore, there was normalization in both fetal circulations, as assessed by Doppler velocimetry, and there was gradual resolution of the hydrops in the recipient. Two healthy babies were born 9 weeks after the procedure. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly: is there a correlation with fetal trisomy?
Authors: Achiron R. , Schimmel M. , Achiron A. , Mashiach S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly in the mid‐trimester fetus can be accurately detected using modern prenatal ultrasonography. Since an abnormal karyotype has been reported in some of these cases, the present prospective study was designed to evaluate, first, the prevalence of mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly in the general obstetric population and, second, to determine the incidence of abnormal fetal karyotype associated with mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly. Eight cases of mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly (0.15%) were detected among 5400 routine prenatal sonographic examinations, between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation. Three newborn infants were found to be normal; in one baby, spontaneous resolution of the lesion occurred in utero, and, among the other five cases, two had an abnormal karyotype: one had Down's syndrome, and one trisomy 18. A review of the English literature revealed that 12% of fetuses with mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly have an abnormal karyotype. Since 3% of the fetuses with Down's syndrome can be visualized in utero with mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly, the calculated risk for Down's syndrome when such lesions appear is about 3%. We, therefore, conclude that karyotypic study is warranted in the mid‐trimester fetus with incidental findings of mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonography of fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum: a survey of 35 cases
Authors: Pilu G. , Sandri F. , Perolo A. , Pittalis M. C. , Grisolia G. , Cocchi G. , Foschini M. P. , Salvioli G. P. , Bovicelli L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAgenesis of the corpus callosum was identified by ultrasound examination in 35 fetuses between 19 and 37 weeks' gestation. The ultrasound findings included absence of the corpus callosum and cavum septum pellucidum (hypoplasia in one case of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum), a typical ‘teardrop’ configuration of the lateral ventricles, distension of the interhemispheric fissure, upward displacement of the third ventricle, radiate arrangement of the medial cerebral gyri, and abnormal branching of the anterior cerebral artery. Associated anomalies were identified in 20 fetuses, including heterogeneous malformations and chromosomal aberrations (mosaic‐trisomy 8 in three, trisomy 18 in two and partial duplication 8p in one). Five cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum were identified in a population of pregnant patients prospectively investigated because of genetic risk for agenesis of the corpus callosum or related syndromes. In this group, no diagnostic errors were made. Long‐term neurological follow‐up (6 months to 11 years) was available in 11 infants with antenatal diagnosis of isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum. Normal intellectual development was present in nine, and a low intellect (developmental quotient between 70 and 85) was found in two. It is concluded that fetal agencies of the corpus callosum is associated with elusive sonographic findings that can, however, be accurately identified by targeted examinations. In routine sonograms, an increased atrial width and/or failure to visualize the cavum septum pellucidum should arise the suspicion of fetal agencies of the corpus callosum. Given the high frequency of associated anomalies, prenatal diagnosis of agencies of the corpus callosum dictates the need for a careful survey of fetal anatomy and karyotyping. The prognosis is isolated agencies of the corpus callosum remains uncertain, although it is expected that a normal or boarderline intellectual development will occur in many cases. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Detection of ovaries by transvaginal sonography in postmenopausal women
Authors: Gollub E. L. , Westhoff C. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of 230 apparently healthy postmenopausal women underwent transvaginal sonography and pelvic examination. The mean ovarian volume was 3.1 cm³ with a range of 0.4–57.4 cm³ and fewer than 5% (4.8%) of the subjects had a mean volume exceeding two standard deviations of the sample mean. Transvaginal sonography successfully imaged 64% of reported ovaries overall, although the proportion of ovaries imaged varied by sonographer. The poorer imaging rates found in this study, as compared with some previous investigations using transabdominal sonography, could be due to several factors including the type of sonography, the type of sample, the scanning time, and/or the criteria used to identify an ovary. Transvaginal sonography offers practical advantages over transabdominal sonography, but the potential loss in sensitivity, due to non‐visualization of a substantial proportion of ovaries, must be formally assessed before adopting transvaginal sonography more widely as the primary screening modality. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Presence of pulsations and reproducibility of waveform recording in the umbilical and left portal vein in normal pregnancies
Authors: van Splunder I. P. , Huisman T. W. A. , Stijnen T. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractReproducibility and inter‐observer variability of intra‐ and extra‐abdominal umbilical venous flow velocity and left portal venous flow velocity as well as heart‐synchronous waveform pulsations in these vessels were studied in 23 women at 34–38 weeks of normal pregnancy.Limited reproducibility, expressed by large intra‐patient coefficients and limits of agreement between two observers, was established for all standardized recording sites. Pulsations, defined as negative venous deflections of at least 10% of the mean velocity, were demonstrated at all locations ranging from 19.6% of the measurements at the free‐floating loop of the umbilical vein to 78.4% of the measurements at the left portal vein.The present study shows that the limited reproducibility of venous flow velocity waveforms should be taken into consideration, and that the presence of pulsations can be demonstrated in normal late pregnancy. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal cardiac and extracardiac flows preceding intrauterine death
Authors: Rizzo G. , Capponi A. , Pietropolli A. , Bufalino L. M. , Arduini D. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExtracardiac and cardiac flow velocity waveforms were recorded in a severely growth‐retarded fetus 1 day and a few hours before fetal death. At the first scan, the typical Doppler patterns of a growth‐retarded fetus were found, but the brain‐sparing effect was lost at the last examination and a huge tricuspid insufficiency was demonstrated. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler study of the uterine artery in patients using an intrauterine contraceptive device
Authors: Momtaz M. , Zayed M. , Rashid K. , Idriss O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA Doppler flow study of the uterine artery was performed using transvaginal sonography in 68 women, including 44 using an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and 24 control women who were not using any method of contraception. Both the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were significantly lower in women with IUCD‐induced bleeding than in those without abnormal vaginal bleeding (p < 0.001) or in women not using any method of contraception (p < 0.001). No significant variations in PI and RI levels (p > 0.05) were found with the duration of IUCD application or the duration of IUCD‐induced bleeding in patients using the device. Also, no significant changes in blood flow indices were demonstrated between women using the device without abnormal vaginal bleeding and the control group. These preliminary results suggest that some women are more prone to develop IUCD‐induced bleeding than others, and this bleeding may be due to decreased vascular resistance in the uterine artery. Transvaginal Doppler study of the uterine artery may be a helpful technique to identify such women. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal hydrops secondary to pulmonary extralobar sequestration
Authors: Favre R. , Bettahar K. , Christmann D. , Becmeur F. 
Published: March 2003

Bronchopulmonary sequestration with associated non‐immune hydrops has been previously reported with generally poor prognosis for the neonate. The vast majority of sequestrations are discovered postnatally, and less than half are correctly identified as sequestration before birth.Until recently, treatment for pulmonary sequestration was limited to postnatal respiratory support and resection of the sequestered lung. But aggressive respiratory support does not succeed in salvaging infants with underlying pulmonary hypoplasia. In our report, we describe the antenatal treatment of pleural effusions complicated by hydrops fetalis secondary to a bronchopulmonary sequestration, successfully managed with a transthoracic catheter placement. This therapy resulted in the resolution of pleural effusion, polyhydramnios and hydrops, with a good fetal outcome.
Color Doppler imaging of the uteroplacental circulation in the middle trimester: observations on the development of a low‐resistance circulation
Authors: Fay R. A. , Ellwood D. A. , Bruce S. , Turner A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe aimed to study the changes in the flow dynamics of the uteroplacental and umbilical circulations in the middle trimester of normal pregnancy, and establish normal ranges for indices of the Doppler flow velocity waveforms (FVWs) from both circulations at 14, 18 and 24 weeks. A longitudinal study was conducted with the use of color Doppler imaging to localize both uterine arteries and umbilical arteries and obtain FVWs from 106 healthy nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy. Of these, 70 did not have a complicated pregnancy outcome, defined as hypertension, growth retardation, preterm delivery or perinatal death. We measured the resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio and presence of early diastolic notching in both uterine arteries, and RI, PI and S/D in one umbilical artery. The results showed a fall in all measured indices of blood flow impedance in the uteroplacental and umbilical circulations and a marked reduction in the incidence of the early diastolic notch in the uterine artery FVWs during the mid‐trimester. Our conclusion was that color Doppler imaging allows for the accurate localization of both uterine and umbilical arteries. Doppler FVWs then obtained confirm the development of the low‐resistance uteroplacental and umbilical circulations in the mid‐trimester. Diastolic notching is common at 14 weeks in normal pregnancy but uncommon at 24 weeks. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal umbilical cord ligation under ultrasound guidance
Authors: Lemery D. J. , Vanlieferinghen P. , Gasq M. , Finkeltin F. , Beaufrere A. M. , Beytout M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a patient with severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome, ultrasound‐guided umbilical cord ligation of the hydropic recipient twin was performed at 27 weeks' gestation. The procedure was successful in arresting the blood flow and was associated with improvement in the condition of the severely compromised donor fetus. At 29 weeks' gestation, premature onset of labor occurred and a healthy baby was delivered by emergency Cesarean section. This report demonstrates the feasibility of ultrasound‐guided cord ligation for selective feticide in a case of severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Low β‐hCG is associated with poor prognosis in association with an embryo with positive cardiac activity
Authors: Christodoulou C. N. , Zonas C. , Loukaides T. , Maniatis A. , Giannikos L. , Giannakopoulos C. , Fassoula M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeven pregnancies with positive fetal heart activity and low or very low serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) levels were investigated. The gestational age by dates was between 6 weeks 3 days and 8 weeks 4 days at the time of the first ultrasound scan and β‐hCG ranged between 282 and 10 000 mIU/ml of the Second International Standard. The crown‐rump lengths ranged between 6 and 13 mm and heart activity was always detected. Four cases were scanned because β‐hCG was lower than that expected for the gestational age; in these cases the yolk sac was present but the gestational sacs were small, with a trophoblastic ring that looked thin and subjectively seemed abnormal. The β‐hCG level was measured in the other three cases, because the gestational sacs were small and had a thin trophoblastic ring. In these cases, fetal heart activity was clearly imaged. All cases were scheduled for a repeat ultrasound scan 2 weeks later.Three cases aborted spontaneously the following week, whereas in the other four no heart activity was detected in a repeat sonogram 2 weeks later. Low serum β‐hCG levels indicate a poor prognosis even when associated with an embryo with positive cardiac activity detected ultrasonographically. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Circadian variation in uterine artery blood flow indices during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle
Authors: Zaidi J. , Jurkovic D. , Campbell S. , Okokon E. , Tan S. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigated for the presence of circadian variation in uterine artery blood flow indices during the fate follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Twenty women with regular menstrual cycles underwent transvaginal color Doppler assessment of blood flow in the uterine arteries on two occasions precisely 12 h apart on the same day in the follicular phase. Ultrasound examinations were performed between 06.00 and 10.00 and repeated between 18.00 and 22.00. Indices of uterine artery blood flow included the pulsatility index (PI) and the time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMX). The changes in PI and TAMX were related to variations in serum concentrations of estradiol and luteinizing hormone (LH).We noted a significantly higher PI and lower TAMX in the evening compared to the morning values, p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively. There was no significant change in estradiol or LH concentrations between morning and evening (p > 0.05). There appears to be a circadian rhythm in uterine artery blood flow occurring independently of these hormonal parameters. The circadian changes in PI and TAMX may be larger than the previously described effects of hormones on these parameters. The accurate interpretation of uterine artery blood flow indices should take these time‐related fluctuations into account. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal lung hyperechogenicity: prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis, natural history and neonatal outcome
Authors: Achiron R. , Strauss S. , Seidman D. S. , Lipitz S. , Mashiach S. , Goldman B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe ultrasonographic appearance of fetal lung hyperechogenicity is most commonly associated with congenital bronchopulmonary abnormalities, such as cystic adenomatoid malformation or pulmonary lobar sequestration. Spontaneous disappearance of echogenic lung lesions has rarely been reported, mainly due to in utero resolution of cystic adenomatoid malformation. We describe four fetuses with echogenic lungs detected prenatally, none of them having been proved to have adenomatoid malformation or pulmonary sequestration of the lungs. Color Doppler sonography was used prenatally in all cases to rule out pulmonary sequestration. Three of the four fetuses showed complete resolution of the lung lesions during gestation, with normal neonatal outcome, but in one where the lesion decreased in size, intrauterine demise occurred at 28 weeks' gestation before complete resolution, and pneumonia was found at autopsy. We suggest that fetal lung hyperechogenicity may result from in utero bronchial tree obstruction with retention of mucoid fluid distal to the obstruction. With advancing gestation, in some cases the relative obstruction may be relieved, and the sonographic appearance of the lungs may return to normal. A retention of mucus in the bronchial tree should be added to the differential diagnosis of hyperechogenic lung lesions detected by antenatal ultrasound examination. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler parameters of the ovarian and uterine blood circulation in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Tekay A. , Martikainen H. , Jouppila P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNine in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients with moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) were recruited for a longitudinal study. Twenty‐four unselected, asymptomatic patients undergoing similar IVF treatment were used as controls. OHSS was diagnosed 8–13 days after oocyte retrieval. All subjects were examined with pulsed color Doppler ultrasound. The pulsatility index (PI) and the maximum peak systolic velocity of the uterine and the intra‐ovarian arterial blood flow were measured. There were no significant differences in the mean PI or the maximum peak systolic velocity of the uterine and intra‐ovarian arterial blood flow between symptomatic patients and controls during the first examination. At the resolution of symptoms, however, the mean PI of the uterine artery was significantly lower in pregnant patients with OHSS than in pregnant controls (p < 0.01). The development of the OHSS could not be explained by the circulatory conditions observed in the intra‐ovarian and uterine arteries. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Abnormalities of the intra‐abdominal fetal umbilical vein: reports of four cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Moore L. , Toi A. , Chitayat D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAnomalies of the fetal umbilical vessels are rare, excepting single umbilical arteries which occur in 0.2–1.0% of pregnancies1. Abnormalities of the intra‐abdominal umbilical vein may be categorized into three main groups: (1) the ductus venosus is patent but the right umbilical vein persists; (2) the ductus venosus is not patent, and there is extrahepatic continuation of the umbilical vein; and (3) the umbilical vein takes a normal course but is abnormally dilated. We describe cases of each of these types of anomaly, including the first report of prenatal diagnosis of insertion of the umbilical vein into the iliac vein, and review the literature on this subject. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Is isolated second‐trimester hyperechogenic bowel a predictor of suboptimal fetal growth?
Authors: Sepulveda W. , Nicolaidis P. , Mai A. M. , Hassan J. , Fisk N. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHyperechogenic bowel has been described as a normal variant in second‐trimester fetuses, but also in association with cystic fibrosis, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, intestinal obstruction and intra‐amniotic bleeding. These fetuses are also at risk for poor perinatal outcome, mainly due to intrauterine growth retardation. In this report we examine the potential of ultrasonographic detection of isolated fetal hyperechogenic bowel in the second trimester as a marker of subsequent suboptimal fetal growth. Second‐trimester fetuses with hyperechogenic bowel in comparison to controls had a greater incidence of birth weight below the 10th centile (6/48, 12.5% vs. 4/l49, 2.7%, respectively; p = 0.01) and lower mean birth weight (3176 g (SD 741 vs. 3499 g (SD 493)), respectively; p = 0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of preterm delivery in both groups (3/48, 6.3% vs. 8/149, 5.4%, respectively; p = 0.7). This study suggests that second‐trimester fetuses normally‐grown with isolated hyperechogenic bowel are at risk for suboptimal fetal growth. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology