bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching music unmusically: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on secondary school music curricula in England
Authors: Anderson Anthony 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic, which emerged during 2020, had a wide‐ranging impact on all forms of social engagement in England until February 2022, when all COVID restrictions were lifted. Schools were widely affected during this time in both tangible and tacet interactions. The impact of COVID restrictions on curricula for 11–14‐year‐olds in the Key Stage 3 secondary music classroom in schools has been among the more hidden educational impacts, and research in this area has been limited. This article discusses research conducted between November 2020 and June 2021, which took the form of an online survey with 59 classroom music teachers and semi‐structured interviews with 12 music teacher participants. Adopting a methodology of descriptive coding and thematic analysis for interviews and open‐response survey questions, the findings reveal 10 unintended consequences of COVID‐19 safety measures for curriculum music teaching in schools. The article concludes by developing the concept of the ‘funnelling’ of music teaching during this time and explores the lasting impacts of such treatment, tracing the implications for the future of music curriculum in school and policy contexts.
Phenotype and oxidative burst of low‐density neutrophil subpopulations are altered in common variable immunodeficiency patients
Authors: Slanina Peter , Stichova Julie , Bosakova Veronika , Zambo Iva Staniczkova , Kohoutkova Marcela Hortova , Laznickova Petra , Chovancova Zita , Litzman Jiri , Plucarova Terezie , Fric Jan , Vlkova Marcela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCommon variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is the most common form of primary antibody immunodeficiency. Due to low antibody levels, CVID patients receive intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy as treatment. CVID is associated with the chronic activation of granulocytes, including an increased percentage of low‐density neutrophils (LDNs). In this study, we examined changes in the percentage of LDNs and the expression of their surface markers in 25 patients with CVID and 27 healthy donors (HD) after in vitro stimulation of whole blood using IVIg. An oxidative burst assay was used to assess the functionality of LDNs. CVID patients had increased both relative and absolute LDN counts with a higher proportion of mLDNs compared to iLDNs, distinguished based on the expression of CD10 and CD16. Immature LDNs in the CVID and HD groups had significantly reduced oxidative burst capacity compared to mature LDNs. Interestingly we observed reduced oxidative burst capacity, reduced expression of CD10 after stimulation of WB, and higher expression of PD‐L1 in mature LDNs in CVID patients compared to HD cells. Our data indicate that that the functional characteristics of LDNs are closely linked to their developmental stage. The observed reduction in oxidative burst capacity in mLDNs in CVID patients could contribute to an increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections among CVID patients.
Validation of 3‐ and 5‐point severity scales to assess ARIA‐E
Authors: Bracoud Luc , Klein Gregory , Lyons Marco , Scelsi Marzia A. , Wojtowicz Jakub , Bullain Szofia , Purcell Derk , Fiebach Jochen B. , Barakos Jerome , Suhy Joyce 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAnti‐amyloid‐β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offer the promise of disease modification and are emerging treatment options in Alzheimer's disease. Anti‐Aβ mAbs require brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations to detect anti‐amyloid‐induced amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), important adverse drug reactions associated with some anti‐Aβ mAbs currently available in the United States and in clinical development. We present a simple rating system for ARIA‐edema (ARIA‐E) that can assess severity on a 3‐ or 5‐point scale based upon a single linear measurement of the largest area of lesion, and dissemination in space, termed the 3‐point Severity Scale of ARIA‐E (SSAE‐3) and the 5‐point Severity Scale of ARIA‐E (SSAE‐5), respectively.METHODSMRI results were collected from 75 participants from the SCarlet RoAD (NCT01224106) and Marguerite RoAD (NCT02051608) studies of gantenerumab. Three neuroradiologists experienced with the detection of ARIA‐E were selected to read all cases independently. One rater was then chosen for a second read to assess intra‐reader reproducibility.RESULTSThe three raters had high agreement in identifying and grading ARIA‐E. The Cohen/Fleiss kappa (κ) scores (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the inter‐ and intra‐reader comparisons for SSAE‐3 and SSAE‐5 were 0.79 (0.70–1.00), 0.94 (0.94–1.00), 0.73 (0.66–1.00), and 0.90 (0.90–1.00), respectively.DISCUSSIONOur study suggests that SSAE‐3 and SSAE‐5 are valid ARIA‐E rating scales for use in routine clinical practice by experienced radiologists in specialized settings. The application of these scales in everyday use in clinical practice will support the expansion of anti‐Aβ mAbs as a treatment option for people living with Alzheimer's disease.Highlights
A simple rating scale is needed to rate severity of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities–edema (ARIA‐E) in both research and clinical settings.
The 3‐ and 5‐point Severity Scales of ARIA‐E (SSAE‐3/‐5) have good inter‐ and intra‐reader agreement.
The SSAE‐3/‐5 have been used in most major Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials to date and are suitable for large‐scale use in routine clinical practice, which may help support the expansion of anti‐amyloid antibodies as treatment options for AD.
Fluorescent periodic acid Schiff‐like staining combined with standard cytologic staining of the same cytologic specimen may facilitate cytopathologic diagnosis
Authors: Hachisuka Daisuke , Nakano Satsuki , Takase Hiroshi , Sugiyama Mio , Sugiura Mariko , Fujii Keiichiro , Masaki Ayako , Murase Takayuki , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeriodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining which detects glycogen and mucosubstances is frequently used as an ancillary method for an accurate cytopathologic diagnosis. Unfortunately, cytologic slides for PAS stain are not routinely prepared. Aqueous 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin (AMC) is colorless and transparent under bright field illumination but exhibits strong fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) light and can be used as a Schiff reagent. We recently reported that combining [author: Please define (H&E) in the first occurrence if necessary.]H&E and AMC is useful for histopathologic diagnosis of various disease conditions. In this study, we investigated whether standard cytologic staining (Papanicolaou [Pap] and Giemsa) combined with AMC was useful for cytopathologic analysis.MethodsSpecimens of non‐neoplastic human tissues and archived cytologic specimens of various disease conditions were stained with a combination of Pap and AMC (Pap/AMC) or Giemsa and AMC (Giemsa/AMC).ResultsThe addition of AMC had no significant effect on Pap or Giemsa staining, and the cytomorphology under bright field microscopy was perfectly preserved. The AMC fluorescent signals observed under UV light were intense and the staining pattern was identical to that obtained by PAS staining. Diastase digestion differentiated glycogen from other AMC‐positive elements. The efficacy of using Pap/AMC and Giemsa/AMC for archived cytologic specimens was demonstrated in several diseases including cases of endometrial carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, metastatic signet‐ring cell carcinoma, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.ConclusionPap/AMC and Giemsa/AMC are useful in aiding cytopathologic diagnosis especially when the information gained from PAS staining is critical and cytologic specimens for PAS are not available.
A new declaration for feet's sake: Halving the global diabetic foot disease burden from 2% to 1% with next generation care
Authors: Lazzarini Peter A. , Raspovic Katherine M. , Meloni Marco , van Netten Jaap J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe 1989 Saint Vincent Declaration established a goal of halving global diabetes‐related amputation rates. A generation later, this goal has been achieved for major but not minor amputations. However, diabetic foot disease (DFD) is not only a leading cause of global amputation but also of hospitalisation, poor quality of life (QoL) and disability burdens. In this paper, we review latest estimates on the global disease burden of DFD and the next generation care of DFD that could reduce this burden. We found DFD causes 2% of the global disease burden. This makes DFD the 13th largest of 350+ leading conditions causing the global disease burden, and much larger than dementia, breast cancer and type 1 diabetes. Neuropathy without ulcers and amputations makes up the largest portion of the global DFD burden yet receives the least DFD focus. Future care focussed on improving safe physical activity in people with DFD could considerably reduce the DFD burden, as this incorporates increasing physical fitness and QoL, while simultaneously decreasing ulceration and other risks. Charcot neuro‐osteoarthropathy is more prevalent than previously thought. Most cases respond well to non‐removable offloading devices, but surgical intervention may further reduce the considerable burden of these neuropathic fracture dislocations. Ischaemia is becoming more common and complex. Most cases respond well to revascularisation interventions, but novel revascularisation techniques, medical management and autologous cell therapies may hold the key to more cases responding in the future. We conclude that DFD causes a global disease burden larger than most conditions and existing guideline‐based care and next generation treatments can reduce this burden. We suggest the World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation declare a new goal: halving the global DFD burden from 2% to 1% within the next generation.
Breaking the cycle: Identifying key symptom pathways of eating disorders and the influence of childhood maltreatment
Authors: Kopland Maren C. G. , Vrabel KariAnne , Slof‐Op ‘t Landt Margarita , Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Giltay Erik J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost network analyses on central symptoms in eating disorders (EDs) have been cross‐sectional. Longitudinal within‐person analyses of therapy processes are scarce. Our aim was to investigate central change processes in therapy in a transdiagnostic sample, considering the influence of childhood maltreatment.MethodWe employed dynamic time warping analyses to identify clusters of symptoms that tended to change similarly across therapy on a within‐person level. Symptoms were measured by a 28‐item Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q). Furthermore, we examined the temporal direction of symptom change to identify symptoms that tended to precede and predict other symptoms. Finally, we estimated two directed, temporal networks in patients with and without a history of childhood maltreatment.ResultsOur analysis included 122 ED patients (mean age = 30.9, SD = 9.7; illness duration = 14.2 years, SD = 8.9; prior treatment = 5.6 years, SD = 5.1). The initial network revealed three robust clusters of symptoms over time: (1) ED behavior, (2) inhibition, and (3) cognitions and feelings about body and weight. Overvaluation of shape had the highest out‐strength preceding and predicting other symptoms. Dissatisfaction with weight preceded and predicted other symptoms in the maltreatment network. The non‐maltreatment network showed a similar structure to the transdiagnostic network.ConclusionTargeting and monitoring feelings and cognitions related to shape may be crucial for achieving lasting symptom improvement in a transdiagnostic sample. Furthermore, our findings highlight the need for further investigation into the different processes driving EDs based on maltreatment status.Public significanceThere is limited understanding of the processes that occur for patients with eating disorders between admission and discharge in therapy, especially for patients with a history of childhood maltreatment. Our analyses suggest that changes in cognitions regarding shape precede and predict changes in cognitions about weight. Different processes may be driving the eating disorder according to maltreatment status, which might further illuminate the riddle of dropout and relapse in therapy for patients with a history of childhood maltreatment. These findings suggest the need for further investigation into the specific dynamics occurring during therapy for individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.
Fully exposed Pd species on nanodiamond/graphene hybrid support for the efficient toluene hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Linlin , Zhang Jingwang , Cai Xiangbin , Diao Jiangyong , Yang Lini , Liu Hongyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiquid organic hydrogen carriers have emerged as promising hydrogen storage systems, offering notable advantages over conventional storage and utilization efficiency methods. However, designing a catalyst that operates at low temperatures and remains cost‐effective poses a significant challenge. We successfully synthesized Pd species (single atoms, fully exposed clusters, and nanoparticles) on a nanodiamond/graphene (ND@G) hybrid support for toluene hydrogenation. The structure of as‐developed Pd catalyst was investigated by HAADF‐STEM, X‐ray absorption fine structure, Raman, XRD, XPS, and other characterizations. Remarkably, the Pdn/ND@G catalyst achieved a toluene conversion rate of 99.3% (100°C, 2.0 MPa H2) without loss of catalytic ability after 5 runs, which exhibited excellent catalytic performance and stable activity. Furthermore, the Pdn/ND@G catalyst exhibited an apparent activation energy as low as 62.36 ± 3.33 kJ mol−1 and an initial turnover frequency of 33.1 h−1 at 100°C. By adjusting the size and metal‐dependent effects, we have achieved enhanced catalytic performance for toluene hydrogenation, thus paving the way for the design of efficient liquid organic hydrogen storage catalysts.
Exposing the error hidden in plain sight: A critique of Calder's (1983) group selectionist seed‐dispersal hypothesis for mistletoe “mimicry” of host plants
Authors: Harms Kyle E. , Watson David M. , Santiago‐Rosario Luis Y. , Mathews Sarah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSome mistletoe species (Loranthaceae) resemble their host plants to a striking degree. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the developmental origins of novel traits that cause mistletoes to appear similar to their hosts, as well as for the adaptive phenotypic evolution of such traits. Calder (1983) proposed a logically flawed group selectionist seed‐dispersal hypothesis for mistletoes to resemble their hosts. Calder's (1983) hypothesis does not provide a viable potential explanation for mistletoe resemblance to hosts.
Distinct impacts of feeding frequency and warming on life history traits affect population fitness in vertebrate ectotherms
Authors: Bazin Simon , Hemmer‐Brepson Claire , Logez Maxime , Sentis Arnaud , Daufresne Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBody size shifts in ectotherms are mostly attributed to the Temperature Size Rule (TSR) stating that warming speeds up initial growth rate but leads to smaller size when food does not limit growth. Investigating the links between temperature, growth, and life history traits is key to understand the adaptive value of TSR, which might be context dependent. In particular, global warming can affect food quantity or quality which is another major driver of growth, fecundity, and survival. However, we have limited information on how temperature and food jointly influence life history traits in vertebrate predators and how changes in different life history traits combine to influence fitness and population demography. We investigate (1) whether TSR is maintained under different food conditions, (2) if food exacerbates or dampens the effects of temperature on growth and life history traits and (3) if food influences the adaptive value of TSR. We combine experiments on the medaka with Integral Projection Models to scale from life history traits to fitness consequences. Our results confirm that warming triggers a higher initial growth rate and a lower adult size, reduces generation time and increases mean fitness. A lower level of food exacerbates the effects of warming on growth trajectories. Although lower feeding frequency increased survival and decreased fecundity, it did not influence the effects of warming on fish development rates, fecundity, and survival. In contrast, feeding frequency influenced the adaptive value of TSR, as, under intermittent feeding, generation time decreased faster with warming and the increase in growth rate with warming was weaker compared to continuously fed fish. These results are of importance in the context of global warming as resources are expected to change with increasing temperatures but, surprisingly, our results suggest that feeding frequency have a lower impact on fitness at high temperature.
A community convention for ecological forecasting: Output files and metadata version 1.0
Authors: Dietze Michael C. , Thomas R. Quinn , Peters Jody , Boettiger Carl , Koren Gerbrand , Shiklomanov Alexey N. , Ashander Jaime 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper summarizes the open community conventions developed by the Ecological Forecasting Initiative (EFI) for the common formatting and archiving of ecological forecasts and the metadata associated with these forecasts. Such open standards are intended to promote interoperability and facilitate forecast communication, distribution, validation, and synthesis. For output files, we first describe the convention conceptually in terms of global attributes, forecast dimensions, forecasted variables, and ancillary indicator variables. We then illustrate the application of this convention to the two file formats that are currently preferred by the EFI, netCDF (network common data form), and comma‐separated values (CSV), but note that the convention is extensible to future formats. For metadata, EFI's convention identifies a subset of conventional metadata variables that are required (e.g., temporal resolution and output variables) but focuses on developing a framework for storing information about forecast uncertainty propagation, data assimilation, and model complexity, which aims to facilitate cross‐forecast synthesis. The initial application of this convention expands upon the Ecological Metadata Language (EML), a commonly used metadata standard in ecology. To facilitate community adoption, we also provide a Github repository containing a metadata validator tool and several vignettes in R and Python on how to both write and read in the EFI standard. Lastly, we provide guidance on forecast archiving, making an important distinction between short‐term dissemination and long‐term forecast archiving, while also touching on the archiving of code and workflows. Overall, the EFI convention is a living document that can continue to evolve over time through an open community process.
Differential patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity for two groups of canopy arthropods across spatial scales
Authors: Mahon Michael B. , Penn Hannah J. , Campbell Kaitlin U. , Crist Thomas O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArthropod diversity is often linked to variation in resource use, dispersal ability, habitat connectivity, and climate factors that differ across spatial scales. The aim of this research was to examine how species richness, functional diversity, and community composition of two taxa differing in functional roles and dispersal ability are structured across spatial scales and to identify the importance of vegetation, climate, and landscape in explaining these patterns at different scales. Organisms were collected from tree canopies using insecticidal fogging in the summer of 2000 from 96 trees in 24 stands of 6 deciduous forest sites in 2 ecoregions of the eastern United States. Taxonomic and functional beta diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) were partitioned across four hierarchical spatial scales (individual tree, forest stand, site, and ecoregion). The contributions of climatic, landscape, and vegetation variables were determined using model selection. Ant and spider species richness, functional diversity, and community composition differed between taxa and across spatial scales. Alpha diversity (within trees) was lower than expected for both taxa and types of diversity, with host tree species supporting different species of ants and spiders. While the beta components of species diversity among trees and forest stands were greater than expected for both taxa, spiders also showed significant levels of beta diversity among sites. Functional beta diversity was less scale‐dependent than taxonomic beta diversity. Stand‐level patterns of beta diversity were significantly predicted by variation in climate and landscape connectivity. The effects of climate and landscape fragmentation on the diversity and community structure of both taxa indicate that anthropogenic climate change and land use change will alter canopy arthropod communities. Results also suggest that patterns of diversity among fragmentation metrics are influenced by differences in dispersal ability.
Albuminuria in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: Prevalence, progression and prognostic importance
Authors: Ioannou Adam , Rauf Muhammad U. , Patel Rishi K. , Razvi Yousuf , Porcari Aldostefano , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Venneri Lucia , Bandera Francesco , Virsinskaite Ruta , Kotecha Tushar , Knight Dan , Petrie Aviva , Whelan Carol , Wechalekar Ashutosh , Lachmann Helen , Hawkins Philip N. , Solomon Scott D. , Gillmore Julian D. , Fontana Marianna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTransthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR‐CA) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy that commonly presents with concomitant chronic kidney disease. Albuminuria is common in heart failure and associated with worse outcomes, but its prevalence and relationship to outcome in ATTR‐CA remains unclear.Methods and resultsA total of 1181 patients with ATTR‐CA were studied (mean age 78.1 ± 7.9 years; 1022 [86.5%] male; median estimated glomerular filtration rate 59 ml/min/1.73m2 [interquartile range: 47–74]). Albuminuria was present in 563 (47.7%) patients (499 [88.6%] with microalbuminuria and 64 [11.4%] with macroalbuminuria). Patients with albuminuria had a more severe cardiac phenotype evidenced by higher serum cardiac biomarkers (median N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide [NT‐proBNP]: 4027 ng/L [2173–6889] vs. 1851 ng/L [997–3209], p < 0.001; median troponin T: 69 ng/L [46–101] vs. 48 ng/L [34–68], p < 0.001) and worse echocardiographic indices of systolic (longitudinal strain: −10.0 ± 3.6% vs. −11.6 ± 3.8%, p < 0.001) and diastolic function (E/e′: 17.5 ± 6.4 vs. 16.4 ± 6.7, p < 0.001) than those with a normal urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were independently associated with mortality in the overall population (hazard ratio [HR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.92, p = 0.005 and HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.15–3.05, p = 0.012, respectively). In a subgroup of patients (n = 349) without concomitant hypertension, diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, albuminuria was also associated with mortality (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.72–5.17, p < 0.001). At 12 months, 330 patients had a repeat UACR measurement; those in whom UACR increased by 30% or more (n = 148, 44.8%) had an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.06–3.19, p = 0.030).ConclusionsAlbuminuria is common in patients with ATTR‐CA, and more prevalent in those with a more severe cardiac phenotype. Albuminuria at diagnosis and a significant increase in UACR during follow‐up are associated with mortality.