bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanogel Mitigates Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Fluoride and Aluminum-Induced Testicular Injury
Authors: Deiab Nora S. , Kodous Ahmad S. , Mahfouz Mohamed K. , Said Alshaimaa M. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Abozaid Omayma A. R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFluoride and aluminum are ubiquitous toxic metals with adverse reproductive effects. The citrus flavonoid hesperidin has protective activities but poor solubility and bioavailability. Nanoparticulate delivery systems can improve flavonoid effectiveness. We conducted this study to prepare a pH-responsive chitosan-based nanogel for hesperidin delivery and evaluate its effectiveness against sodium fluoride (NaF) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced testicular toxicity in mice. The nanogel was synthesized using 2 kGy gamma irradiation, enabling a size under 200 nm and enhanced hesperidin release at pH 6 matching testicular acidity. Male mice received 200 mg/kg AlCl3 and 10 mg/kg NaF daily for 30 days. Hesperidin nanogel at 20 mg/kg was administered orally either prophylactically (pretreatment) or after intoxication (posttreatment). The results showed that AlCl3 + NaF induced severe oxidative stress, hormonal disturbance, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, evidenced by significant changes in the studied parameters and testicular histological damage. Hesperidin nanogel administration significantly inhibited oxidative stress markers, restored luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels, and alleviated tissue damage compared to the intoxicated group. It also downregulated the expression level of pro-apoptotic genes Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and P38MAPK, while upregulating the expression level of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene. Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors PERK, ATF6, and IRE-α were also downregulated by the nanogel. The chitosan-based nanogel enhanced the delivery and efficacy of poorly bioavailable hesperidin, exhibiting remarkable protective effects against AlCl3 and NaF reproductive toxicity. This innovative nanosystem represents a promising approach to harnessing bioactive phytochemicals with delivery challenges, enabling protective effects against chemical-induced testicular damage.
Graphical Abstract
Stability analysis of Filippov prey–predator model with fear effect and prey refuge
Authors: Hamdallah Soliman A. A. , Arafa Ayman A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMathematical ecosystems play a crucial role in our comprehension and conservation of ecology. Within these ecosystems, prey exhibits protective instincts that compel refuging behaviors to avoid predation risk. When the ratio of prey to predators falls below a threshold, prey seeks refuge. However, when prey is abundant relative to predators, these protective instincts are overridden as prey ventures out to forage. Therefore, this study develops a Filippov prey–predator model with fear effect on prey and switching of prey refuge behavior based on the ratio of prey to predators. Analytical and numerical approaches are used to address the dynamic behaviors, bifurcation sets, existence, and stability of various equilibria in this model. Additionally, the regions of sliding and crossing segments are analyzed. The bifurcation sets of pseudo-equilibrium and local and global sliding bifurcations are investigated. The numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the interplay between fear factor and other relevant parameters within the Filippov model, such as the threshold ratio and prey refuge. These investigations shed light on the influence of them in the model. The results indicate that increasing the fear factor results in a decrease in both prey and predator densities, thereby changing the behavior of the dynamics from a limit cycle oscillation to a stable state and vice versa. Notably, despite these population changes, neither species faces complete extinction.
Local measurement of terahertz field-induced second harmonic generation in plasma filaments
Authors: Garriga Francis Kareem J. , Zhang Xi-Cheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe concept of Terahertz Field-Induced Second Harmonic (TFISH) Generation is revisited to introduce a single-shot detection scheme based on third order nonlinearities. Focused specifically on the further development of THz plasma-based sources, we begin our research by reimagining the TFISH system to serve as a direct plasma diagnostic. In this work, an optical probe beam is used to mix directly with the strong ponderomotive current associated with laser-induced ionization. A four-wave mixing (FWM) process then generates a strong second-harmonic optical wave because of the mixing of the probe beam with the nonlinear current components oscillating at THz frequencies. The observed conversion efficiency is high enough that for the first time, the TFISH signal appears visible to the human eye. We perform spectral, spatial, and temporal analysis on the detected second-harmonic frequency and show its direct relationship to the nonlinear current. Further, a method to detect incoherent and coherent THz inside plasma filaments is devised using spatio-temporal couplings. The single-shot detection configurations are theoretically described using a combination of expanded FWM models with Kostenbauder and Gaussian Q-matrices. We show that the retrieved temporal traces for THz radiation from single- and two-color laser-induced air-plasma sources match theoretical descriptions very well. High temporal resolution is shown with a detection bandwidth limited only by the spatial extent of the probe laser beam. Large detection bandwidth and temporal characterization is shown for THz radiation confined to under-dense plasma filaments induced by < 100 fs lasers below the relativistic intensity limit.
Graphical Abstract
Opposing autocratization in Turkey: from exclusionary to inclusive discourse
Authors: Korkmaz Seren Selvin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explores the changing discourse of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) in Turkey as it confronts a populist authoritarian government. By analyzing and contrasting discourses used in election campaigns and protests and focus group discussions it investigates opposition’s role in fueling or challenging the polarizing populist narrative of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). This paper argues that autocratization is a dynamic process in which opposition parties play an active role, contributing to and opposing autocratization simultaneously, rather than being mere victims of the process. It claims that the CHP’s electoral and discursive strategy has shifted gradually under Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu’s leadership since 2010. Unlike the previous exclusionary discourse that legitimized the AKP’s polarizing, populist narrative, the party has adopted an inclusive discourse that has contributed to its victory in the 2019 local elections.
Preference of Silicon Accumulation on the Shade Foliage of Tree Crown and its Implication in Juniperus chinensis L.
Authors: Zhang Youfu , Chen Chunyan , Zhang Ruiyuan , Chen Tuo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The passive accumulation of silicon (Si) generally depends on the regulation of plant transpiration rates after its uptake. It is challenging to comprehend how plants use Si to adapt to shady habitats where they have low transpiration rates and photothermal energy. Therefore, we speculated that Si accumulation is not entirely dependent on the transpiration rate.

Methods
To test this speculation, the concentrations of Si and total minerals and water status at various positions of shady shoots (stems and their foliage) and stems within the crown of Juniperus chinensis L. were examined to determine whether shady shoots or stems had a preferred allocation to resist shade.

Results
The concentrations of total minerals and Si in the shoots were consistently higher in shady areas than in areas within the same crown, regardless of the position within the crown or shoot age. However, shoot Si accumulation displayed a greater dependence on available light or photothermal supply, which is linked to crown orientation. Additionally, stem Si accumulation displayed a weak dependence on available light. Compared with the bound water content, the water potential and free water content of shady shoots were higher than those of sunny shoots. In light of the fact that water prefers to move readily towards regions with low water potential, these results demonstrate that the movement of minerals and water is not fully coupled in the same crowns.

Conclusion
Therefore, the accumulation of Si and minerals in shady foliage is partially independent of water flow, which helps to offset the low-carbon supply due to the photothermal decrease in the shady crown area.
Physical exercise and ergonomic workplace interventions for nursing personnel—effects on physical and mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Heuel Luis , Otto Ann-Kathrin , Wollesen Bettina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Improving the work ability of nurses is highly important for ensuring a functioning healthcare system, which can be achieved via exercising and enhancing ergonomic work behaviors of the nurses. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize work ability-enhancing exercise and ergonomic workplace health promotion interventions in different nursing settings and their effects on work ability.

Methods
Intervention studies incorporating at least one component of physical exercise or ergonomic work behavior for nurses were eligible for inclusion. Three electronic databases (Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL) were searched for studies published until October 2022. The methodological quality of interventions was assessed. Due to intervention and outcome heterogeneity, narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results
The search identified a total of 37 studies. Sample size ranged from 14 to 316 (N = 3487). Overall quality was moderate (M = 0.76). Programs comprised aerobic exercising, “back school,” ergonomics, increasing physical activity, multicomponent programs, physiotherapy, and yoga. Positive effects on work ability (e.g., reduced back pain or stress levels) were reported in 34 studies. However, if follow-up analyses were included, the effects typically diminished. Common training principles and training control mechanisms were applied in studies.

Discussion
The review indicates the efficacy of exercise-based health promotion for increasing nurses’ work ability. However, results are limited by the lack of long-term improvements and scarcity of application of training principles. Therefore, setting-specific interventions, respecting work demands and training principles, are recommended.
Microstructure of conventional/PBF-LB/M 316L stainless steel hybrid joints brazed with nickel-based brazing alloys
Authors: Tillmann W. , Bültena J. , Wojarski L. , Crasmöller A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to the additive manufacturing principle, laser-melted materials (PBF-LB/M) such as the austenitic chromium-nickel steel 316L have a different microstructure compared to materials produced by conventional continuous casting. The PBF-LB/M-produced 316L has a thermally metastable, anisotropic microstructure with epitaxially grown grains in which a cellular substructure is located. When brazing hybrid joints from the conventional and additive manufacturing routes with nickel-based brazing alloys, different diffusion mechanisms occur simultaneously in both joining partners. This occurs due to the different microstructural characteristics of the parent materials. The altered diffusion mechanisms lead to a new distinct microstructure in the joining zone, which influences the achievable quality of the brazed joint in a previously unknown way.
A fetus in the world: Physiology, epidemiology, and the making of fetal origins of adult disease
Authors: Buklijas Tatjana , Al-Gailani Salim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the late 1980s, the fetal origins of adult disease, from 2003 developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), has stimulated significant interest in and an efflorescence of research on the long-term effects of the intrauterine environment. From the start, this field has been interdisciplinary, using experimental animal, clinical and epidemiological tools. As the influence of DOHaD on public health and policy expanded, it has drawn criticism for reducing the complex social and physical world of early life to women’s reproductive bodies as drivers of intergenerational ills. This paper explains this narrowing of focus in terms of a formative and consequential exchange between David Barker, the British epidemiologist whose work is credited with establishing the field, and the discipline of fetal physiology. We suggest that fetal physiologists were a crucial constituency of support for Barker’s hypothesis about early life origins of disease. Their collaborations with Barker helped secure and sustain the theory amid considerable controversy. The trajectory of DOHaD and its focus on the maternal body can be understood, we argue, as a consequence of this alliance, which brought together two distinct conceptualizations of the intrauterine environment, one from epidemiology and the other from fetal physiology. Along the way, we trace the histories of these conceptualizations, both of which were products of mid-to-late twentieth century British science, and show how Barker’s early emphasis on social and economic conditions was superseded by a narrower focus on physiological mechanisms acting upon the autonomous fetus.
Driving fiber diameters to the limit: nanoparticle-induced diameter reductions in electrospun photoactive composite nanofibers for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Schofield R. M. , Maciejewska B. M. , Dong S. , Tebbutt G. T. , McGurty D. , Bonilla R. S. , Assender H. E. , Grobert N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrospun photoactive nanofibers hold significant potential for enhanced photon absorption and charge transport in organic photovoltaics. However, electrospinning conjugated polymers with fiber diameters comparable to exciton diffusion lengths for efficient dissociation, is difficult. Previously, spinning sub-100 nm poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) fibers has required the auxiliary polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and large antisolvent additions. Therefore, its success differs considerably across donor polymers, due to variable antisolvent addition limits before precipitation. Herein, plasmonic nanoparticle infusion into P3HT nanofibers is used to modulate viscosity and deliver a novel and unrivaled strategy to achieve reduced fiber diameters. Following PEO removal, the fibers measure 55 nm in diameter, 30% lower than any previous report – providing the shortest exciton diffusion pathways to the heterojunction upon electron acceptor infiltration. The nanoparticle-containing nanofibers present a 58% enhancement over their pristine thin-film counterparts. ~17% is ascribed to plasmonic effects, demonstrated in thin-films, and the remainder to along-fiber polymer chain alignment, introduced by electrospinning. The anisotropy of light absorbed when polarized parallel versus perpendicular to the fibers increases from 0.88 to 0.62, suggesting the diameter reduction improves the alignment, resulting in greater electrospinning-induced enhancements. Controlled by the electrospinning behavior of PEO, our platform may be adapted to contemporary donor-acceptor systems.
Graphical Abstract

A dramatic reduction in the diameters of electrospun photoactive nanofibers is achieved by introducing nanoparticles, offering shorter exciton pathways towards the heterojunction in nanofibrous OPVs. Thinner fiber diameters enhance the alignment of the polymer chains along the fiber, manifesting in greater photon absorption. Alongside plasmonic effects, the dual-mode enhancement within the fibers offers 58% additional light harvesting versus their thin-film counterparts.
Identifying individual and organizational predictors of accidental exposure to blood (AEB) among hospital healthcare workers: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bun René Sosata , Aït Bouziad Karim , Daouda Oumou Salama , Miliani Katiuska , Eworo Anastasia , Espinasse Florence , Seytre Delphine , Casetta Anne , Nérome Simone , Temime Laura , Hocine Mounia N. , Astagneau Pascal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground:Accidental exposure to blood (AEB) poses a risk of bloodborne infections for healthcare workers (HCWs) during hospital activities. In this study, we identified individual behavioral and organizational predictors of AEB among HCWs.Methods:The study was a prospective, 1-year follow-up cohort study conducted in university hospitals in Paris, France. Data were collected from the Stress at Work and Infectious Risk in Patients and Caregivers (STRIPPS) study. Eligible participants included nurses, nursing assistants, midwives, and physicians from 32 randomly selected wards in 4 hospitals. AEB occurrences were reported at baseline, 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months, and descriptive statistical and multilevel risk-factor analyses were performed.Results:The study included 730 HCWs from 32 wards, predominantly nurses (52.6%), nursing assistants (41.1%), physicians (4.8%), and midwives (1.5%). The incidence rate of AEB remained stable across the 4 visits. The multilevel longitudinal analysis identified several significant predictors of AEB occurrence. Individual-level predictors included younger age, occupation as nurses or midwives, irregular work schedule, rotating shifts, and lack of support from supervisors. The use of external nurses was the most significant ward-level predictor associated with AEB occurrence.Conclusions:AEBs among HCWs are strongly associated with organizational predictors, highlighting the importance of complementing infection control policies with improved staff management and targeted training. This approach can help reduce AEB occurrences and enhance workplace safety for HCWs.
The Impact of Dobbs on Health Care Beyond Wanted Abortion Care
Authors: Manian Maya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile empirical evidence has exposed the harms and health disparities flowing from being denied a wanted abortion, we know less about how anti-abortion laws and policies impact health care more broadly. This article surveys the public health impacts of Dobbs on health care beyond wanted abortion care. The article argues that focusing the public’s attention on the harmful consequences of abortion bans for healthcare beyond wanted abortion care could help to fend off further restrictions on abortion
Prosecutorial Discretion for Self-Managed Abortion Helpers
Authors: Skuster Patty 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElected prosecutors have pledged not to enforce abortion laws, in response to state-level abortion bans. For their pledges to be meaningful, prosecutors must exercise their discretion in cases of individuals who face legal risk, including people who help others self-manage their abortions. With a harm-reduction approach to improving abortion access, prosecutors should aim to reduce abortion helpers’ involvement with the criminal justice system.
Stopping Criminalization at the Bedside
Authors: Bach Wendy A. , Terplan Mishka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow-income women and, disproportionately low-income women of color seeking reproductive and pregnancy care are increasingly subject to what this article terms carceral care – care compromised by its’ proximity to punishment systems. This article identifies the legal and health care practice mechanisms leading to carceral care and proposes solutions designed to stop criminalization at the bedside.
Leveraging the Tools Available: Using the Hyde Amendment to Preserve Minimum Abortion Access and Mitigate Harms in Restrictive States
Authors: Carrión Fabiola , Hasselbacher Lee , Thompson Terri-Ann 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe overturn of Roe v. Wade has resulted in fewer rights and resources for people seeking abortion care, particularly in the South. The Hyde Amendment has historically restricted abortion access for those enrolled in Medicaid. We argue here that its guarantees of minimum abortion coverage should be leveraged to offset harms where possible.
Ethical and Legal Obligations for Research Involving Pregnant Persons in a Post-Dobbs Context
Authors: Weinmeyer Richard M. , Shah Seema K. , McGowan Michelle L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn light of a history of categorical exclusion, it is critical that pregnant people are included in research to help improve the knowledge base and interventions needed to address public health. Yet the volatile legal landscape around reproductive rights in the United States threatens to undue recent progress made toward the greater inclusion of pregnant people in research. We offer ethical and practical guidance for researchers, sponsors, and institutional review boards to take specific steps to minimize legal risks and ensure the ethical conduct of research with pregnant people in an evolving legal environment.
The incorporation of chlorine and cosmogenic 36Cl into speleothem carbonate
Authors: Johnston Vanessa E. , Frisia Silvia , Borsato Andrea , Woodhead Jon D. , McDermott Frank 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCave carbonate mineral deposits (speleothems) contain trace elements that are intensively investigated for their significance as palaeoclimate and environmental proxies. However, chlorine, which is abundant in marine and meteoric waters, has been overlooked as a potential palaeo-proxy, while cosmogenic 36Cl could, in principle, provide a solar irradiance proxy. Here, total Cl concentrations analysed from various speleothems were low (3–14 mg/kg), with variations linked to crystal fabrics. High-resolution synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) trace element mapping showed Cl often associated with Na, Si, and Al. We propose that speleothems incorporate Cl in two fractions: (1) water soluble (e.g., fluid inclusions) and (2) water insoluble and strongly bound (e.g., associated with detrital particulates). However, disparities indicated that alternate unidentified mechanisms for Cl incorporation were present, raising important questions regarding incorporation of many trace elements into speleothems. Our first measurements of 36Cl/Cl ratios in speleothems required large samples due to low Cl concentrations, limiting the potential of 36Cl as a solar irradiance proxy. Critically, our findings highlight a knowledge gap into how Cl and other trace elements are incorporated into speleothems, how the incorporation mechanisms and final elemental concentrations are related to speleothem fabrics, and the significance this may have for how trace elements in speleothems are interpreted as palaeoclimate proxies.