bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline Phosphatase Encapsulated in Gellan‐Chitosan Hybrid Capsules
Authors: Fujii Toshihiro , Ogiwara Daisuke , Ohkawa Kousaku , Yamamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was encapsulated in gellan‐chitosan polyion complex (PIC) capsules using a convenient procedure. The recovery of ALP was about 50% when the capsules were prepared by dropping a solution of ALP and gellan mixture (ALP/gellan) into a chitosan solution. When p‐nitrophenyl phosphate (p‐NPP) and 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl phosphate (BCIP) were incubated with ALP/gellan‐chitosan capsules as substrates for ALP, the transparent colorless capsules changed to yellow and blue, respectively. The encapsulation of ALP into the PIC capsules was also confirmed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblot analyses. The ALP and polypeptides of more than 30 kDa remained without release even after incubation at 4 °C for 14 d. The biochemical properties of the encapsulated ALP activity were similar to those of the intact enzyme. When the solution containing p‐NPP was loaded on a column packed with ALP/gellan‐chitosan capsules at 27 °C, approximately 75% of p‐NPP was hydrolyzed by passing through the column. No significant leakage of ALP was observed during the procedure, indicating that the capsules were resistant to pressure in the chromatographic operation. Furthermore, 70% of the hydrolytic activity of the packed capsules remained after storage at 4 °C for one month. These results suggest that the polyion complex capsules could be useful materials for protein fixation without chemical modification.Encapsulation of ALP into PIC capsules and the morphological changes seen in the absence of the ALP substrate and in the presence of p‐NPP and BICP.magnified imageEncapsulation of ALP into PIC capsules and the morphological changes seen in the absence of the ALP substrate and in the presence of p‐NPP and BICP.
Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Culture on NaOH‐Treated Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Films: A Preliminary Study for Vascular Graft Development
Authors: Serrano María Concepción , Portolés María Teresa , Vallet‐Regí María , Izquierdo Isabel , Galletti Lorenzo , Comas Juan Valentín , Pagani Raffaella 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Tissue engineering offers the potential of providing vessels that can be used to replace diseased and damaged native blood vessels. The endothelization of a synthetic vascular graft minimizes the failures associated with blood clotting and platelet activation. The aim of this study was to culture vascular‐derived endothelial and smooth muscle cells on both untreated and NaOH‐treated poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) films, a biocompatible and bio‐resorbable polymer, and to evaluate the behavior of both cell types as a preliminary study for vascular graft development. PCL films were prepared by hot pressing; characterized by DSC, IR, SEM, and scanning force microscopy; and treated with NaOH to increase the surface hydrophilicity before cell culture. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells, isolated from pig cava vein, were characterized by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy studies of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and α‐smooth muscle actin. Good adhesion, growth, viability and morphology of both the endothelial and smooth muscle cells on PCL films were obtained, but a light stimulation of mitochondrial activity was observed during short culture times. NaOH treatment improved the adhesion and enhanced the proliferation in both cell types. This verified the possible use of this modified polymer as a support in the preparation of a synthetic vascular graft.SEM micrograph of smooth muscle cells cultured on NaOH‐treated PCL film. (Original magnification: 1 000×).magnified imageSEM micrograph of smooth muscle cells cultured on NaOH‐treated PCL film. (Original magnification: 1 000×).
Preparation of α‐Cyclodextrin‐Terminated Polyrotaxane Consisting of β‐Cyclodextrins and Pluronic as a Building Block of a Biodegradable Network
Authors: Ooya Tooru , Ito Akihiro , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: A β‐CD‐based biodegradable polyrotaxane was prepared by capping both terminals of polypseudorotaxane consisting of hydrazide‐terminated PEG‐block‐PPG‐block‐PEG (Pluronic P‐105®) and β‐CD‐succinates with mono‐aldehyde α‐CDs. By decreasing pH, the fluorescent intensity of TNS was increased with time, indicating cleavage of the terminal hydrazone bonds followed by β‐CD‐succinate release. The terminal α‐CD moieties of the polyrotaxane are useful for self‐assembled formation with some guest molecules.
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Highly Branched Stimuli Responsive Poly[(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐co‐(1,2‐propandiol‐3‐methacrylate)]s with Protein Binding Functionality
Authors: Carter Steven , Rimmer Stephen , Sturdy Alice , Webb Michelle 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Highly branched poly(NIPAM) have been prepared using the technique of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation using a chain transfer agent that allows the incorporation of imidazole functionality in the polymer chain‐ends. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymers can be controlled by the amount of hydrophobe and GMA incorporated during copolymerisation procedures. These thermally responsive “smart” polymers were used to purify a His‐tagged BRCA‐1 protein fragment by affinity precipitation.
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Investigation into the correlation between sensation and leg movement in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Birinyi Paul V. , Allen Richard P. , Lesage Susan , Dean Terry , Earley Christopher J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe evaluated rest effects on restless legs syndrome (RLS) sensory and motor symptoms. During two 60‐minute Suggested Immobilization Tests (SIT) subject's signals of RLS leg sensations and periodic leg movements while awake (PLMW) were recorded. Sensations, PLMW, sensations preceding or after PLMW, sensations occurring without following PLMW, and PLMW occurring without preceding sensation were determined. The RLS patients were divided into equal‐sized high and low PLMW groups for further analysis. Data from 46 subjects (28 RLS and 18 controls) revealed sensations increased linearly with rest in RLS patients and controls. Movement rate increased linearly with rest for controls but increased rapidly for the first 45 minutes for all RLS patients. PLMW/hour increased with further rest for low but not high PLMW patients. Sensations followed by PLMW and PLMW without preceding sensations followed similar patterns. Sensations without subsequent PLMW increased dramatically in the last 15 minutes of the SITs. Whereas both sensory and motor signs of RLS increase with rest, there is minimal increase for controls. Patients with higher but not lower PLMW rates reached a ceiling for PLMW after 35 to 40 minutes. The temporal dissociation between sensory and motor events supports viewing these motor and sensory events as separate but loosely linked manifestations of RLS. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Coexistence of movement disorders and epilepsia partialis continua as the initial signs in probable Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Donmez Berril , Çakmur Raif , Men Süleyman , Oztura Ibrahim , Kitis Arzu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMovement disorders and epilepsy rarely occur in the early stage of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) but have not been reported concurrently. We report on a 47‐year‐old patient with probable CJD who presented with generalized chorea and focal dystonia with myoclonic jerks on the right hand. Myoclonic jerks progressed to epilepsia partialis continua within 5 days of admission to the hospital. The diagnosis of our patient was compatible with probable CJD on the basis of clinical course, electroencephalogram, and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings, and presence of 14‐3‐3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case developing both movement disorders and epilepsia partialis continua in the early stage of the disease. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Speech‐activated myoclonus: An uncommon form of action myoclonus
Authors: Slee Mark , Parasivam Sharavanan , Blessing Bill , Truck Kate , Day Bruce , Thyagarajan Dominic 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe describe an unusual form of facial myoclonus activated by speech in 3 patients with different underlying neurological diseases and present the electrophysiological investigations and results of structural and functional imaging. In 1 of 2 patients in whom jerk‐locked electroencephalogram (EEG) back‐averaging was done, a cortical potential clearly preceded the facial jerks. In the second patient, a cortical potential preceding the jerk was not certain. In the third patient, the resting EEG contained outbursts of symmetric, slower frequencies of indeterminate significance. An epileptiform disorder was suspected in this patient. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for childhood‐onset dystonia
Authors: Zorzi Giovanna , Marras Carlo , Nardocci Nardo , Franzini Angelo , Chiapparini Luisa , Maccagnano Elio , Angelini Lucia , Caldiroli Dario , Broggi Giovanni 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report the results of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in 12 patients with childhood‐onset generalized dystonia refractory to medication, including 3 patients with status dystonicus. There were 8 patients who had DYT1‐negative primary dystonia, 1 had DYT1‐positive dystonia, and 3 had symptomatic dystonia. Stimulation was effective in all but 1 patient. Dystonic postures and movements of the axis and limbs responded to DBS to a greater extent than oromandibular dystonia and fixed dystonic postures. These findings provide further evidence that pallidal stimulation is an effective treatment for intractable childhood‐onset dystonia, including status dystonicus, and together with previous findings, suggest that it should be considered the treatment of choice for these conditions. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Expression of imprinted genes is aberrant in deceased newborn cloned calves and relatively normal in surviving adult clones
Authors: Yang Lan , Chavatte‐Palmer Pascale , Kubota Chikara , O'Neill Michael , Hoagland Thomas , Renard Jean‐Paul , Taneja Maneesh , Yang Xiangzhong , Tian X. Cindy 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCattle are the species used most frequently for the development of assisted reproductive technologies, such as nuclear transfer. Cattle cloning can be performed by a large number of laboratories around the world, and the efficiency of nuclear transfer in cattle is the highest among all species in which successful cloning has been achieved. However, an understanding of the expression of imprinted genes in this important species is lacking. In the present study, real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was utilized to quantify the expression of the bovine Igf2, Igf2r, and H19 genes in eight major organs (brain, bladder, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and thymus) of somatic cell cloned calves that died shortly after birth, in three tissues (skin, muscle, and liver) of healthy clones that survived to adulthood, and in corresponding tissues of control animals from natural reproduction. We found that, deceased bovine cloned calves exhibited abnormal expression of all three genes studied in various organs. Large variations in the expression levels of imprinted genes were also seen among these clones, which were produced from the same genetic donor. In surviving adult clones, however, the expression of these imprinted genes was largely normal, except for the expression of the Igf2 gene in muscle, which was highly variable. Our data showed disruptions of expression of imprinted genes in bovine clones, which is possibly due to incomplete reprogramming of donor cell nuclei during nuclear transfer, and these abnormalities may be associated with the high neonatal mortality in cloned animals; clones that survived to adulthood, however, are not only physically healthy but also relatively normal at the molecular level of those three imprinted genes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus
Authors: Qin Chuan , Wang Jianwei , Wei Qiang , She Mingpeng , Marasco Wayne A , Jiang Hong , Tu Xinming , Zhu Hua , Ren Lili , Gao Hong , Guo Li , Huang Lan , Yang Renquan , Cong Zhe , Guo Lan , Wang Yanbin , Liu Yali , Sun Yili , Duan Shumin , Qu Jianguo , Chen Liangbiao , Tong Wei , Ruan Li , Liu Peimao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jianmin , Zhang Huiyuan , Liu Depei , Liu Qian , Hong Tao , He Wei 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new SARS animal model was established by inoculating SARS coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) into rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) through the nasal cavity. Pathological pulmonary changes were successively detected on days 5–60 after virus inoculation. All eight animals showed a transient fever 2–3 days after inoculation. Immunological, molecular biological, and pathological studies support the establishment of this SARS animal model. Firstly, SARS‐CoV‐specific IgGs were detected in the sera of macaques from 11 to 60 days after inoculation. Secondly, SARS‐CoV RNA could be detected in pharyngeal swab samples using nested RT‐PCR in all infected animals from 5 days after virus inoculation. Finally, histopathological changes of interstitial pneumonia were found in the lungs during the 60 days after viral inoculation: these changes were less marked at later time points, indicating that an active healing process together with resolution of an acute inflammatory response was taking place in these animals. This animal model should provide insight into the mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐related pulmonary disease and greatly facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method optimisation for peptide profiling of microdissected breast carcinoma tissue by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight/time of flight‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Umar Arzu , Dalebout Johannes C. H. , Timmermans A. Mieke , Foekens John A. , Luider Theo M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAppropriate methods for the analysis of microdissected solid tumour tissues by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) are not yet well established. Optimisation of sample preparation was performed first on undissected tissue slices, representing ∼200 000 cells, which were solubilised either in urea containing buffer, trifluoroethanol/NH4HCO3, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or in 0.1% RapiGest solution, then trypsin digested and analysed by MALDI‐TOF MS. Solubilisation in 0.1% SDS resulted in detection of the highest number of sample specific peak signals. Interestingly, there was little overlap in detectable peaks using the different buffers, implying that they can be used complementarily to each other. Additionally, we fractionated tryptic digests on a monolithic high‐performance liquid chromatography column. Fractionation of tryptic digest from whole tissue sections resulted in a four‐fold increase in the total number of peaks detected. To prove this principle, we used 0.1% SDS to generate peptide patterns from 2000 microdissected tumour and stromal cells from five different breast carcinoma tumours. The tumour and stroma specific peaks could be detected upon comparison of the peptide profiles. Identification of differentially expressed peaks by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS was performed on fractionated tryptic digests derived from a whole tissue slice. In conclusion, we describe a method that is suitable for direct peptide profiling on small amounts of microdissected cells obtained from breast cancer tissues.
Proteomic approach to blossom‐end rot in tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum M.): Antioxidant enzymes and the pentose phosphate pathway
Authors: Casado‐Vela Juan , Sellés Susana , Bru Martínez Roque 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBlossom‐end rot (BER) is a physiopathy that affects tomato fruits causing disorganisation, cell breakage and darkening of the tissues. In this study we describe a tomato fruit protein extraction protocol that includes polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, ascorbic acid and protease inhibitors to promote depletion of phenolics and to avoid protein degradation. The temperature‐induced phase separation of plant extracts with nonionic detergent Triton X‐114 favours the solubilisation of partially‐hydrophobic species in the low‐detergent upper phase, making them suitable for further analysis using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The analysis of two‐dimensional images revealed differences in number and expression levels of several proteins from the control and BER‐affected tomato fruits. Although the appearance of BER in tomato is primarily attributed to a lack of calcium supply to fruits, very little is known about the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved. The identification of differential proteins from affected fruits with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis revealed the induction of proteins participating in antioxidant processes (ascorbate‐glutathione cycle) and the pentose phosphate pathway. We suggest that these two biochemical pathways, acting as reactive oxygen species scavengers in BER‐affected fruits, restrain the spread of the blackening to the whole fruit.
Identification of fatty acid binding proteins as markers associated with the initiation and/or progression of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Seliger Barbara , Lichtenfels Rudolf , Atkins Derek , Bukur Jürgen , Halder Thomas , Kersten Michael , Harder Alois , Ackermann Angelika , Malenica Barbara , Brenner Walburgis , Zobawa Monica , Lottspeich Friedrich 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) representing the most common neoplasia of the kidney in Western countries is a histologic diverse disease with an often unpredictable course. The prognosis of RCC is worsened with the onset of metastasis, and the therapies currently available are of limited success for the treatment of metastatic RCC. Although gene expression analyses and other methods are promising tools clarifying and standardizing the pathological classification of RCC, novel innovative molecular markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and for the monitoring of this disease during therapy as well as potential therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Using proteome‐based strategies, a number of RCC‐associated markers either over‐expressed or down‐regulated in tumor lesions in comparison to the normal epithelium have been identified which have been implicated in tumorigenesis, but never linked to the initiation and/or progression of RCC. These include members of the fatty acid binding protein family, which have the potential to serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers for the screening of RCC patients.
Electrical and mechanical behavior of filled rubber. III. Dynamic loading and the rate of recovery
Authors: Busfield J. J. C. , Thomas A. G. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFollowing the earlier articles in this series, the changes in the electrical resistivity and mechanical behavior as a result of static and dynamic deformation have been studied. Cyclic shear and tensile loading were used to follow the changes in stress and resistivity with strain, including the recovery with time from the effects of a large strain as monitored by the small‐strain behavior. The recovery of resistivity from a prestrain was not complete even after 7 days at room temperature or at 50 °C, but swelling with a solvent and subsequent drying produced rapid recovery. It appears from the detailed results that there are two strain regions. Below about 10% the resistance and the modulus are strongly dependent on the filler–filler structure, which can break down and reform fairly readily, but the changes at higher strains are probably influenced by changes in the elastomer matrix and also by slippage at the filler–rubber interface. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1649–1661, 2005
Equation of state for high density solid and melt polyethylene
Authors: Sachdev V. K. , Jain R. K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) measurements for high‐density linear polyethylene (LPE) are studied experimentally over a temperature range of 290 to 470 K and pressures up to 3.1 kbar. For melt, the results can be represented by the Tait equation within the precision of the data. It is noticed that for each isotherm, an abrupt departure from the Tait representation occurs at a particular pressure. This is ascribed to onset of solidification due to pressure. Further, variation of the degree of crystallinity with pressure at various temperatures has been investigated. Finally, the PVT data has been analyzed in terms of the LJD cell theory in its original form without any modifications or simplifications of the cell potential. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between experiment and theory over the entire range of PVT data both in solids and melt states. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1618–1623, 2005
Highly explosive nanosilicon‐based composite materials
Authors: Clément D. , Diener J. , Gross E. , Künzner N. , Timoshenko V. Yu. , Kovalev D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe present a highly explosive binary system based on porous silicon layers with their pores filled with solid oxidizers. The porous layers are produced by a standard electrochemical etching process and exhibit properties that are different from other energetic materials. Its production is completely compatible with the standard silicon technology and full bulk silicon wafers can be processed and therefore a large number of explosive elements can be produced simultaneously. The application‐relevant parameters: the efficiency and the long‐term stability of various porous silicon/oxidizer systems have been studied in details. Structural properties of porous silicon, its surface termination, the atomic ratio of silicon to oxygen and the chosen oxidizers were optimized to achieve the highest efficiency of the explosive reaction. This explosive system reveals various possible applications in different industrial fields, e.g. as a novel, very fast airbag igniter. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and optical properties of cubic‐CdS and hexagonal‐CdS thin films grown by MOCVD on GaAs substrates using a single‐source precursor C14H30CdN2S4
Authors: Choi In‐Hwan , Yu Peter Y. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have grown single‐phase thin films of CdS on GaAs substrates. The structure of the CdS film has been determined by X‐ray diffraction to be either zincblende or wurtzite depending on whether the orientation of the substrate is [100] or [111]. The films are found to be strained by 1% or less. The quality of the films have also been characterized by temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) and multiphonon resonant Raman scattering (RRS). The PL spectra are dominated by excitonic emission. The observed peak energies are equal to those reported in bulk CdS within experimental errors. RRS of as many seven longitudinal optical (LO) phonon have been observed. The overall quality of the thin films are found to be comparable to those of bulk CdS samples. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)