bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoencapsulation of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil into Chitosan crosslinked to Tripolyphosphate nanoparticles and Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles: Formulation, characterization, in vitro release study, and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Hellali Djaafer Hamza , Ayachi Nabila 
Published: November 2023

This study delves into the intricate realm of nanoencapsulation, focusing on the application of chitosan crosslinked to TPP and alginate/chitosan-based nanoparticles to encapsulate Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. The core objective was to unravel the potential pharmacological merits and controlled release dynamics underpinning this novel encapsulation technique. The experimental results painted a compelling portrait of rosemary oil, showcasing its multifaceted efficacy as an antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant agent. In the realm of nanotechnology, we were able to formulate nanoparticles under 100 nm, demonstrating exceptional stability. A pivotal aspect of this research revolved around encapsulation efficiency, determined via UV-vis spectroscopy. The results proved staggering, illustrating an encapsulation rate surpassing the 98% benchmark, ensuring minimal essential oil wastage. In vitro assays illuminated the controlled, sustained release attributes of the encapsulated essential oil, thereby further substantiating the potential of this encapsulation approach. FTIR analysis provided insights into the intricate interactions transpiring within these nanoparticles. Venturing into living organisms, our comprehensive in vivo assessments confirmed the significant analgesic activity of our nanoparticles encapsulating rosemary essential oil. This revelation opens exciting prospects for therapeutic applications. Microscopic observations into the SEM solidified the presence and even distribution of these nanoparticles. These compelling findings chart new avenues for the development of more potent, precisely targeted pharmaceutical interventions.
Keywords: Rosemary essential oil, chitosan, sodium alginate, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoencapsulation
Penentuan Jumlah Penggunaan Bahan Baku Tepung Terigu Berdasarkan Simulasi Monte Carlo
Authors: Natalia Christine , Oktavia Chendrasari Wahyu 
Published: November 2023

Perusahaan XYZ yang bergerak di bidang pengolahan roti bergantung pada bahan baku yang dibutuhkan cukup besar yaitu tepung terigu. Akan tetapi, ketidakpastian dari hasil penjualan roti mempengaruhi pemakaian kebutuhan bahan baku menjadi tidak menentu. Ketidakpastian tersebut pernah dialami oleh perusahaan yaitu di bulan Oktober pada minggu ke-2 sehingga mengalami kekurangan bahan baku tepung terigu yang cukup besar sebesar 2.554 kg dari kebutuhan bahan baku sebesar 7.086 kg. Faktor penyebab dari kekurangan tepung terigu saat ini adalah metode peramalan yang digunakan perusahaan belum tepat sehingga dijumpai permasalahan kekurangan persediaan tepung terigu karena ketidakakuratan hasil yang diperoleh pada bulan Oktober. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan besarnya kebutuhan bahan baku yang mendekati kondisi aktual dengan menggunakan teknik peramalan dengan simulasi monte carlo. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh perbandingan ukuran akurasi peramalan terhadap kondisi aktual simulasi monte carlo sebesar 102%. Berdasarkan hasil ukuran akurasi simulasi monte carlo mampu mendekati hasil sebenarnya.
Kelayakan Konseling Cognitive Behavior Teknik Restrukturisasi Kognitif Berbasis Website LMS Schoology Untuk Meningkatkan Self Efficacy Siswa
Authors: Oktavia Ni Putu Bella Bella , Suranata Kadek , Dwiarwati Kadek Ari 
Published: November 2023

<p class="Abstrak" align="center"><strong>Abstrak<em></em></strong></p><p class="Abstrak">Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji keberterimaan dan keefektifan konseling <em>cognitive behavior</em> dengan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif berbasis <em>website LMS Schoology</em> dalam meningkatkan <em>self efficacy</em> siswa. Studi ini dilakukan berdasarkan prosedur penelitian pengembangan mengikuti model pengembangan 4D oleh Thiagarajan. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 orang praktisi dan ahli yang menilai sistem konseling secara teoretis, juga melibatkan 30 orang siswa sebagai responden uji coba terbatas keefektifan sistem konseling. Data tentang keberterimaan, kemudahan akses, dan kebermanfaatan sistem dan modul konseling diperoleh melalui skala AAF, dan data efficacy diperoleh melalui skala efikasi. Analisis data terkait keberterimaan sistem konseling atau validitas teoretis berdasarkan penilaian praktisi dan ahli dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan <em>content validity ratio</em>. Analisis stastitik uji t-test untuk menguji efektifitas sistem konseling setelah uji coba terbatas. Tanggapan siswa peserta uji coba terhadap keberterimaan, kemudahan akses dan kebermanfaatan konseling <em>ognitive behavior</em> dengan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif berbasis <em>website LMS Schoology </em>dideskripsikan dan dilakukan analisis presentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dan panduan konseling <em>cognitive behavior</em> memiliki indeks validitas isi atau CVI sebesar 0,95 yang berarti sangat baik. Uji efektifitas melalui uji emperik terbatas menunjuukan bahwa nilai t sebesar 4.26, pada p&gt; 0.05 yang menunjukkan bahwa konseling <em>cognitive behavior</em> teknik restrukturisasi kognitif berbasis <em>website</em> LMS schoology efektif meningkatkan <em>self efficacy</em> siswa. Tanggapan siswa terhadap keberterimaan, kemudahan akses dan kebermanfaatan sistem dan panduan konseling dalam kategori baik, dengan indeks rata-rata lebih daru 50% siswa setuju sistem konseling dan modul panduan mudah dipahami dan dilaksanakan, mudah diakses dan bermanfaat. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi terhadap pengembangan dan inovasi layanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah berbasis ICT, khususnya menggunakan LMS.</p><p class="Abstrak" align="left"><strong> </strong></p>
OPTIMALISASI FUNGSI LAHAN PEKARANGAN SEBAGAI KEBUN HIDROPONIK GUNA MENDUKUNG EKONOMI KELUARGA DI DESA BORISALLO KECAMATAN PARANGLOE KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Nashrah  , Ansarullah  
Published: November 2023

Desa Borisallo merupakan sebuah desa kecil yang makmur dengan hasil pertanian. Sebagian besar wilayahnya adalah lahan sawah yang bisa panen padi dua sampai tiga kali dalam setahun. Sepanjang tahun, warga Desa Borisallo hanya menanam jenis tanaman padi di sawahnya. Sehingga, untuk kebutuhan pangan yang lain, seperti sayur, bumbu masak, dan buah, mereka harus membeli di pasar terdekat. Padahal, sebenarnya warga desa bisa memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan yang ada di sekitar mereka untuk menanam jenis tanaman sayur, bumbu masak, maupun buah-buahan. Namun, mereka kurang memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan maupun prospeknya. Maka dari itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat Desa Borisallo tentang cara mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan sehingga dapat membantu ekonomi keluarga. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah metode edukasi dan potensi desa. Dimana masyarakat terlebih dahulu diberikan penyuluhan tentang manfaat dan hasil yang bisa didapatkan dari pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan. Dengan pemanfaatan pekarangan secara hidroponik, maka lahan pekarangan dapat lebih optimal dan maksimal. Masyarakat desa bisa menambahkan jenis tanaman lain sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. Dengan demikian, pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan secara optimal selain dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan keluarga juga dapat membantu menambah pendapatan keluarga.
IBM MENINGKATKAN KREATIFITAS SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN DENGAN BEKAL ILMU TEKNIK OTOMOTIF 4 TAK
Authors: Prayitno Sugeng , Marasabessy Amir , Hatuwe Rusdy 
Published: November 2023

: Pondok Pesantren Minhajjushshobiriin yang berada di bawah Yayasan tersebut yang terletak di Kelurahan Cibubur , Kecamatan Ciracas Jaktim Provinsi DKI merupakan sebuah lembaga pendidikan keagamaan yang telah lama berdiri. Pondok ini menampung siswa-santri dari masyarakat sekitar dan ada juga yang datang dari luar kota Jakarta. Setiap hari para santri belajar ilmu agama Islam. Selain itu ada juga kegiatan majlis talim bagi para bapak dan ibu yang diadakan seminggu sekali.Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh para santri adalah timbulnya rasa bosan karena setiap hari yang dipelajari hanya ilmu agama Islam saja.Mereka menginginkan ada pelajaran lain sebagai ekstra kurikuler yang menarik sehingga tidak membosankan dan berguna suatu saat kelak setelah lulus dari pesantren. Setidaknya mereka mempunyai keterampilan lain untuk menunjang kegiatan utamanya sebagai da’i. Pimpinan Pondok sangat merespon akan hal ini dan gayungpun bersambut. Tim Dosen dari Fakultas Teknik UPN Veteran Jakarta segera menawarkan Program Pelatihan Teknik Otomotif 4 T (Sepeda Motor/mobil). Pelatihan dilaksanakan setiap hari sabtu dan minggu selama dua bulan yang tidak full karena diselingi dengan kegiatan majlis talim. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 60 orang yang terdiri dari siswa santri 50 oraang dan para bapak dan para jamaah majlis talim sebanyak 10 orang. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah agar para santri dan jamaah majlis talim dapat mengetahui tentang cara merawat mobil/motor 4 T agar kondisinya tetap seperti baru sehingga bertahan lebih lama/awet. Adapun metoda yang diberikan adalah dengan pemberian teori dan praktek tentang power motor 4T bensin (kosntruksi silinder,power,transmisi,kopling,rem hidrolik, pelumas dan pendingin) dan diesel (power injection/nozel,transmisi dll.) beserta semua permasalahan dan solusinya. Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut para santri dan jamaah majlis talim merasa senang karena diberi ilmu yang bermanfaat berupa ilmu pengetahuan praktis yang mudah dipelajari. Setelah diamati dampak dari pelatihan ini ternyata sangat positip. Hal itu dibuktikan dari rasa percaya diri para santri dan jamaah majlis talim semakin tinggi dalam belajar dan bekerja sehingga ada yang bercita-cita ingin membuka bengkel /servis kendaraan.
Traces of paleogeodynamic processes in the zone junctions of the Middle and Lower Kura depressions
Authors: Yusubov N. 
Published: November 2023

The territory of Azerbaijan covers the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus meganticlinorium, the northeastern parts of the mountain systems of the Lesser Caucasus and Talysh, i.e., basins of the Lower and Middle Kura, as well as the southwestern and western zones of the Middle and South Caspian depressions, respectively. The combination of these large structural elements determines the very complex tectonic structure of the territory of Azerbaijan, including the Middle and Lower Kura basins.
The article presents the results of a study conducted to study the paleotectonic processes that took place in the Cenozoic in the junction zone of the Middle and Lower Kura depressions, according to modern (2017—2018) seismic survey data using the common depth point method. The geological structure of the constituent parts of these depressions is considered, and paleotectonic processes are described that played an important role in their formation and led to the divergence of the geological sections of these depressions in the interval from the end of the Cretaceous to the end of the Lower Pliocene. When comparing the seismic wave pattern representing the geological sections of the Middle and Lower Kura depressions, it becomes clear that the compensation of the volumes of sedimentary material is carried out by Pliocene terrigenous deposits in the Lower Kura and Paleogene sediments in the Middle Kura depressions. At the same time, here, the hypsometry of the Miocene-Maikop interval of the section differs by 1300—1500 m.
The article presents the author’s positions on the post-Cretaceous tectonic processes of the evolutionary development of the geological structure of these basins in the zone of their junction, where the Mingacheir-Saatli-Talysh transverse Mesozoic uplift (Saatly-Geokchay zone of Mesozoic uplifts) occupies an important place.
Non-governmental human rights organizations and protection of rights at the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Demydenko A.L. 
Published: November 2023

The article clarifies the role of non-governmental human rights organizations in the protection of rights at the European Court of Human Rights, as well as the forms of such protection. The practical aspects of the participation of human rights NGOs in the protection of rights at the ECHR are analyzed, and the dual nature of the participation of such organizations at the level of the human rights court is determined. First, the organization protects its rights as a legal entity. It not only defends its rights, but also provides a practical example for other similar organizations. That is, other organizations that may face similar violations in the future can protect their rights based on, among other things. on the decision of the ECtHR. Secondly, the organization indirectly protects other civil, social, and economic human rights. Regardless of whether the organization is the applicant or participates in the proceedings as a third party, it seeks changes in the socio-political events of the country with its own position adopted by the ECtHR. In the case of Romania, the organization pushed for the country to adopt appropriate legislation for same-sex couples, equating them in rights with traditional spouses; in climate affairs, organizations should encourage national governments to take additional measures to protect the life and health of the population, etc.
It was concluded that the participation of human rights non-governmental organizations in the ECHR has both a theoretical and a practical aspect. The theoretical aspect is the possibility of organizations to participate in the proceedings as an applicant (protecting their own rights and not the rights of third parties) or a third party, while fulfilling the conditions regarding the admissibility of the application. The practical aspect is that organizations indirectly protect human rights by influencing the socio-political events and the development of democracy and the rule of law.
Regulation of space activities: 1958-1963
Authors: Marinich V.K. , Myklush M.I. , Yara O.S. 
Published: November 2023

Stagnation in the development of the process of regulation of relations in outer space and on celestial bodies as well as a large number of gaps and contradictions in this area along with impressive technical progress in the field of space activities and the expansion of its subject composition have led to the need to reconsider existing approaches to regulating such relations.
This article is the beginning of an extensive study of the process and results of the regulation of space activities from 1958 to the present day.
The purpose of this study is a deep analysis of international documents adopted for the entire period of space activities, as well as an attempt to highlight the basic principles, concepts, models, and rules of space activities.
The results of this study will make it possible to understand the issues that remain unresolved and the gaps in the field of space law and also set new tasks for the development of space law and suggest ways to solve them.
This article includes a review and analysis of international documents adopted at the first stage of the development of space activities (1958­1963), and also the goals and conditions for their adoption. As a result of this analysis, the article presents a list and description of the tasks that were formed by the international community at this stage along with the difficulties that arose at the stage of their formation and implementation. In addition, a new vision of the concepts that arose at this stage in connection with the need to regulate space activities is proposed.
In the future, the results of this analysis will allow us to continue the study of space relationships to determine and describe the essence of the legal systems that regulate or may regulate space activities, as well as to identify (define, classify, and formulate) spatial-territorial jurisdictions and subject-object composition of participants in space activities.
International currency legal relations and international economic relations: interconnection and interaction
Authors: Muzyka-Stefanchuk O. , Yakymchuk N. 
Published: November 2023

International currency relations are considered through the prism of international economic relations. It is emphasized that the latter arise between subjects from different countries, between tax residents of different tax jurisdictions regarding the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods, provision and receipt of services, capital circulation.
It is argued that international economic relations are manifested at different levels of the economy (micro-, meta-, macro-levels). Where the macro level is the level of state and interstate international processes; metalevel these are international ties of industry and regional importance; micro level is the level of connections between firms of different countries.
International economic contacts, international economic interaction, international economic cooperation, international economic integration are considered in detail.
It is proved that the existence of international economic relations gave impetus to the formation of international economic and international currency (monetary) law. So, in the context of international economic law, international currency law and the corresponding legal relations arose as early as the 19th century, and they received the greatest development in the second half of the 20th century. In the XIX-XX centuries currency and financial systems are actively developing both domestically and internationally. It also gave impetus to the formation and development of economic and financial science.
The stages of the evolutionary development of the world monetary and financial system are considered. The main principles of the organization of currency relations in different periods are analyzed.
Alternative options to the existing currency system proposed by various authors are critically considered.
It is proven that the formation and development of international trade relations, the world economy, and the world currency system contributed to the formation of a certain system of legal norms regulating relations in the currency sphere. At the same time, such norms are considered within the framework of different legislation, studied in different academic disciplines.
A constitutional complaint is a mechanism for protecting the constitutional rights of citizens
Authors: Bysaga Yu.M. , Berch V.V. , Byelov D.M. 
Published: November 2023

It has been established that a constitutional complaint helps citizens protect their constitutional rights and freedoms from violations by authorities. In a world where civil rights and liberties are threatened, this mechanism remains critical. The specified legal instrument is actually a means of limiting power and provides an opportunity to control the actions of the authorities, checking their compliance with constitutional norms. Therefore, a constitutional complaint is an important component of democracy, as it supports the principle of the rule of law and contributes to the development of a judicial system that guarantees equality before the law and a fair trial.
It is emphasized that the recommendations of the Venice Commission note a significant trend in the development of European constitutionalism, which refers to the expansion of the scope of constitutional control over individual administrative decisions and judicial acts based on individual complaints. This trend is explained by the fact that human rights violations often occur due to unconstitutional actions or decisions that were taken in accordance with constitutional regulations.
It is noted that constitutional courts are key actors in the field of consideration of constitutional complaints in many countries and usually have an independent status from other branches of government. This means that they make decisions without any influence, which makes their decisions more objective and fair. Decisions of constitutional courts have a decisive influence on the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, and constitutional courts are a symbol of the rule of law in society. Their role is to remind all citizens and authorities that the Constitution is the supreme law that must be respected.
In summary, a constitutional complaint is an important tool for ensuring the rule of law and protecting the constitutional rights of citizens. This mechanism helps to avoid abuse of power, non­compliance with constitutional norms and provides citizens with an opportunity to defend their rights in court. As a result, it contributes to the strengthening of legal democracy and the protection of human rights and freedoms.
Implementation of the principle of people's power as a way of participation in the administration of justice
Authors: Bysaga Y.M. , Zaborovsky V.V. 
Published: November 2023

The publication examines the doctrinal principles on the forms of direct democracy and the existing problems regarding the exercise of power by the people. Based on the historical perspective of the analysis of European legislation in this area, ways of improving the Basic Law of Ukraine are proposed.
It was established that, despite the insignificant and contradictory support of the thinkers of the ancient world and the Middle Ages regarding the need to recognize the right of the people to cancel the legislative acts of the representative bodies of the state, this idea received significant development precisely in the era of the New Age, when the proclamation of people's rule was accompanied by the establishment of parliamentarism, the authority and trust of which is constantly fell among the common people. It has been proven that the essence of such judgments was that modern democracy is based on the idea of popular sovereignty, that is, on the need to create such a system of state-legal relations that would ensure the primacy of law in all spheres of social relations and enable the people to exercise their right to be the source and basis state power precisely because of various forms of political participation in the state management of the country, one of which is participation in the exercise of judicial power.
It has been determined that the views of thinkers in support of forms of people's power boil down to the fact that the right to limit state power is recognized as an inalienable, natural human right that belongs to them from birth. Therefore, people's power itself is one of the means related to the system of checks and balances, and therefore helps not only the normal functioning of state authorities by exercising control over the actions of their representatives, but also the direct exercise of power by the people, which thereby helps to ensure the principle of popular sovereignty.
It has been established that today the practice of applying forms of direct democracy is significantly ahead of theoretical developments in this area. This very issue is voluminous, and at the same time there are a large number of gaps and contradictions in the possibility of constitutional consolidation of new forms of people's rule.