bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of 15 Functional State Biomarkers in Human Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Leninskii M. A. , Savel’eva E. I. , Belyakov M. V. , Karakashev G. V. , Samchenko N. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The capabilities and limitations of complex procedures for targeted metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) are discussed. An HPLC-MS/MS procedure for the simultaneous determination of the concentrations of 15 biomarkers of the functional state of a human being in urine is presented. The target analytes are biogenic substances of various chemical natures, the basic concentrations of which in biomatrices can vary significantly, up to three orders of magnitude or more. Complex analysis is also difficult to perform due to significant differences in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the analytes. The testing of the procedure in a bioanalytical experiment made it possible to establish significant differences in the concentrations of a number of biomarkers in the urine of persons with different levels of physical fitness. With a high level of physical fitness, the concentrations of these compounds in urine have lower values in comparison with those in the control group.
Benefits and harms of perioperative high fraction inspired oxygen for surgical site infection prevention: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data of randomised controlled trials
Authors: de Jonge Stijn W , Hulskes Rick H , Zokaei Nikoo Maedeh , Weenink Robert P , Meyhoff Christian S , Leslie Kate , Myles Paul , Forbes Andrew , Greif Robert , Akca Ozan , Kurz Andrea , Sessler Daniel I , Martin Janet , Dijkgraaf Marcel GW , Pryor Kane , Belda F Javier , Ferrando Carlos , Gurman Gabriel M , Scifres Christina M , McKenna David S , Chan Matthew TV , Thibon Pascal , Mellin-Olsen Jannicke , Allegranzi Benedetta , Boermeester Marja , Hollmann Markus W 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe use of high fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) intraoperatively for the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) remains controversial. Promising results of early randomised controlled trials (RCT) have been replicated with varying success and subsequent meta-analysis are equivocal. Recent advancements in perioperative care, including the increased use of laparoscopic surgery and pneumoperitoneum and shifts in fluid and temperature management, can affect peripheral oxygen delivery and may explain the inconsistency in reproducibility. However, the published data provides insufficient detail on the participant level to test these hypotheses. The purpose of this individual participant data meta-analysis is to assess the described benefits and harms of intraoperative high FiO2compared with regular (0.21–0.40) FiO2and its potential effect modifiers.Methods and analysisTwo reviewers will search medical databases and online trial registries, including MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO regional databases, for randomised and quasi-RCT comparing the effect of intraoperative high FiO2(0.60–1.00) to regular FiO2(0.21–0.40) on SSI within 90 days after surgery in adult patients. Secondary outcome will be all-cause mortality within the longest available follow-up. Investigators of the identified trials will be invited to collaborate. Data will be analysed with the one-step approach using the generalised linear mixed model framework and the statistical model appropriate for the type of outcome being analysed (logistic and cox regression, respectively), with a random treatment effect term to account for the clustering of patients within studies. The bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials V.2 and the certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Prespecified subgroup analyses include use of mechanical ventilation, nitrous oxide, preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, temperature (<35°C), fluid supplementation (<15 mL/kg/hour) and procedure duration (>2.5 hour).Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. Investigators will deidentify individual participant data before it is shared. The results will be submitted to a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018090261.
Detecting transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) using machine learning: an evaluation of the performance of an algorithm in a UK setting
Authors: Tsang Carmen , Huda Ahsan , Norman Max , Dickerson Carissa , Leo Vincenzo , Brownrigg Jack , Mamas Mamas , Elliott Perry 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential real-world application of a machine learning (ML) algorithm, developed and trained on heart failure (HF) cohorts in the USA, to detect patients with undiagnosed wild type cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt) in the UK.DesignIn this retrospective observational study, anonymised, linked primary and secondary care data (Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Hospital Episode Statistics, respectively, were used to identify patients diagnosed with HF between 2009 and 2018 in the UK. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 clinical modification codes were matched to equivalent Read (primary care) and ICD-10 WHO (secondary care) diagnosis codes used in the UK. In the absence of specific Read or ICD-10 WHO codes for ATTRwt, two proxy case definitions (definitive and possible cases) based on the degree of confidence that the contributing codes defined true ATTRwt cases were created using ML.Primary outcome measureAlgorithm performance was evaluated primarily using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) by comparing the actual versus algorithm predicted case definitions at varying sensitivities and specificities.ResultsThe algorithm demonstrated strongest predictive ability when a combination of primary care and secondary care data were used (AUROC: 0.84 in definitive cohort and 0.86 in possible cohort). For primary care or secondary care data alone, performance ranged from 0.68 to 0.78.ConclusionThe ML algorithm, despite being developed in a US population, was effective at identifying patients that may have ATTRwt in a UK setting. Its potential use in research and clinical care to aid identification of patients with undiagnosed ATTRwt, possibly enabling earlier diagnosis in the disease pathway, should be investigated.
Association of fat-to-muscle ratio with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Yan Fengqin , Nie Guqiao , Zhou Nianli , Zhang Meng , Peng Wen 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesSarcopenia is a known risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies evaluating the association between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and NAFLD are limited. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between FMR and NAFLD.DesignA retrospective study was conducted on individuals who underwent health examination at Wuhan Union Hospital between January 2020 and November 2021. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records.SettingWuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, China.Participants1592 participants aged ≥40 years who underwent body composition analysis and liver ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed.Outcome measuresLiver ultrasonography was used to assess liver steatosis, and the fibrosis-4 index was used to calculate the risk scores for liver fibrosis. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction model was used to calculate ASCVD risk scores.ResultsThe FMR was significantly higher in individuals with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD (p<0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD gradually increased from FMR tertile 1 (reference) to tertile 2 (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.97) and tertile 3 (OR=2.85, 95% CI 2.08 to 3.90). In addition, patients with NAFLD in FMR tertile 3 had a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis (OR=4.48, 95% CI 2.12 to 9.50) and ASCVD (OR=4.63, 95% CI 2.62 to 8.19) than those in FMR tertile 1 after adjustment for multiple confounders.ConclusionIn this study, we found a significant association between FMR and NAFLD. A higher FMR indicates a higher risk of NAFLD in the study population and a higher risk of liver fibrosis and ASCVD in NAFLD patients.
SMS text intervention for uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive homeless adults in shelter clinics of New York City: protocol for a pragmatic randomised trial study
Authors: Asgary Ramin , Bauder Leah , Naderi Rosanna , Ogedegbe Gbenga 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionUncontrolled hypertension (HTN) is prevalent in persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and contributes to significant suffering and financial cost. Mobile health approaches such as short messaging service (SMS) texting have led to better control of HTN in the general population. Despite the high utilisation of mobile phones by PEH, SMS texting to support HTN control has not been evaluated among this population. We hypothesise that an SMS testing programme will enhance health communication, information management, outreach and care coordination, and provide behavioural support to address some barriers to HTN management in PEH.Methods and analysisThis study will use a mixed-methods study design to address two objectives: First, it will evaluate, in a randomised controlled trial, the efficacy of a 6-month SMS texting strategy vs an attention control on blood pressure reduction and adherence to medications and clinical appointments in 120 adults PEH with uncontrolled HTN. Outcomes will be measured at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. Second, it will assess patients’ and providers’ acceptability and experience of SMS texting using semistructured interviews with PEH (n=30) and providers (n=10). The study will be conducted in shelter clinics in New York City in collaboration with community organisations. The primary statistical analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial results will be reported as comparative summary statistics (difference in response rate or means) with 95% CIs and in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Interviews will be transcribed, coded and analysed using an inductive grounded theory analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at George Washington University. Written consent will be obtained from participants. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05187013.
Addressing self-criticism in depression using CBT-based emotion-focused chairwork: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kroener Julia , Mahler Jacqueline , Sosic-Vasic Zrinka 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionSelf-criticism is a key feature in people diagnosed with depression, resulting in significant psychological distress. Despite the fact that cognitive–behavioural treatments are readily available, a significant number of patients report experiencing cognitive, but not emotional, change following therapy, resulting in the maintenance of psychological symptoms. Additionally, interventions targeting emotional experiencing, such as chairwork, are generally implemented within large-scale therapeutic treatments. Therefore, within the present study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a short intervention using emotion-focused chairwork to target self-criticism in patients diagnosed with depression.Methods and analysisThe study is designed as a randomised controlled trial with two parallel arms. 62 patients diagnosed with depression will be randomised to the intervention group or the waiting-list control group receiving treatment as usual. The intervention comprises of three treatment sessions using the chairwork technique over the course of 3 weeks. Outcome assessments will take place 1 week before the first treatment session, as well as 1 week and 3 months after the last treatment session. The primary outcomes are self-criticism and self-compassion. Secondary outcomes assess depressive symptoms, emotion regulation and overall self-esteem. Statistical analysis will be performed using intention-to-treat analysis, as well as per-protocol analysis implementing linear-mixed models.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State Chamber of Physicians in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany (approval number: F-2023-12). Scientific findings shall be published in peer-reviewed journals to inform prospective clinical studies focusing on the implementation of chairwork within clinical practice.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00031307;https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00031307).
Direct impact of 2 years of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients: a population-based study in a large hard-hit Italian region
Authors: Fortuna Daniela , Caselli Luana , Berti Elena , Moro Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a region-wide comprehensive account of the direct effects of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients, in terms of disease incidence, severity and mortality, over a 2-year pandemic period (2020–2021).DesignPopulation-based retrospective study.Setting/participantsAdult patients, affected by at least 1 of 32 prevalent chronic conditions, residing in the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy, during the years 2020 (N=1 791 189, 47.7% of the overall adult regional population) and 2021 (N=1 801 071, 47.8%).ResultsCOVID-19 incidence among chronic disease patients was 4.1% (74 067 cases) in 2020 and 7.3% (126 556 cases) in 2021, varying across pathologies, with obesity and dementia showing the highest incidence. Hospitalisation rate for pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was 15.4%. COVID-19-related excess mortality, that is, deaths from COVID-19 as either main or contributing (1.5% of the total) cause of death, was observed during the three pandemic waves, with observed/expected death ratios ranging from +38% (March 2020) to +11% (December 2021). Increased risks of both COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death were associated with male gender, elderly age and many pre-existing pathologies, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and metabolic dysfunctions. The higher the number of concomitant pathologies, the greater the risk of COVID-19-related adverse outcomes: the likelihood of hospitalisation and death more than doubled for people with more than two comorbidities, compared with those with one underlying condition.ConclusionsThis study presents a thorough and up-to-date quantification of the direct impact of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients. The results obtained are particularly relevant considering that people with pre-existing chronic conditions accounted for almost all cases of COVID-19-related hospitalisation (82.6%) and death (91.5%) in a vast region of Italy, among the hardest hit by the pandemic.
Non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and manage delirium in critically ill children in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units (NICU/PICU): a scoping review protocol
Authors: Zilezinski Max , Denninger Natascha-Elisabeth , Tannen Antje , Kottner Jan 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionDelirium is one of the most common forms of acute cerebral dysfunction in critically ill children leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Prevention, identification and management of delirium is an important part of paediatric and neonatological intensive care. This scoping review aims to identify and map evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for paediatric delirium prevention and management in paediatric and neonatal intensive care settings.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Searches will be performed in the databases Medline (via PubMed), CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Journals), EMBASE and Web of Science (01/2000–current). Two reviewers will independently review retrieved studies, and relevant information will be extracted using data extraction forms. The results will be presented in tabular format and accompanied by a narrative summary.Inclusion criteriaThe review will include references that describe or evaluate non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or manage paediatric delirium. Conference abstracts, editorials, opinion papers and grey literature will be excluded.Ethics and disseminationDue to the nature of research involving humans or unpublished secondary data, approval of an ethics committee are not required. The dissemination of findings is planned via professional networks and publication in an open-access scientific journal.
Factors leading to disparity in lung cancer diagnosis among black/African American communities in the USA: a qualitative study
Authors: Thuo Nicholas , Martins Tanimola , Manley, Eugene , Standifer Maisha , Sultan Dawood H , Faris Nicholas R , Hill Angela , Thompson Matthew , Jeremiah Rohan , Al Achkar Morhaf 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis study has two objectives: first, to explore the diagnostic experiences of black/African American (BAA) patients with lung cancer to pinpoint pitfalls, suboptimal experiences and instances of discrimination leading to disparities in outcomes compared with patients of other ethnic backgrounds, especially white patients. The second objective is to identify the underlying causes contributing to health disparities in the diagnosis of lung cancer among BAA patients.MethodsWe employed a phenomenological research approach, guiding in-depth interviews with patients self-identifying as BAA diagnosed with lung cancer, as well as caregivers, healthcare professionals and community advocates knowledgeable about BAA experiences with lung cancer. We performed thematic analysis to identify experiences at patient, primary care and specialist levels. Contributing factors were identified using the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) health disparity model.ResultsFrom March to November 2021, we conducted individual interviews with 19 participants, including 9 patients/caregivers and 10 providers/advocates. Participants reported recurring and increased pain before seeking treatment, treatment for non-cancer illnesses, delays in diagnostic tests and referrals, poor communication and bias when dealing with specialists and primary care providers. Factors contributing to suboptimal experiences included reluctance by insurers to cover costs, provider unwillingness to conduct comprehensive testing, provider bias in recommending treatment, high healthcare costs, and lack of healthcare facilities and qualified staff to provide necessary support. However, some participants reported positive experiences due to their insurance, availability of services and having an empowered support structure.ConclusionsBAA patients and caregivers encountered suboptimal experiences during their care. The NIMHD model is a useful framework to organise factors contributing to these experiences that may be leading to health disparities. Additional research is needed to fully capture the extent of these experiences and identify ways to improve BAA patient experiences in the lung cancer diagnosis pathway.
Association between atherogenic coefficient and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study with data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yin Jiahui , Sun Haiyang , Yang Jiguo , Liu Yuanxiang 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of depression is related to immune inflammatory response. Atherogenic coefficient (AC) is an important indicator of lipid abnormalities, which can lead to immune inflammatory responses. However, no study has investigated the relationship between AC and depression in adult Americans. Therefore, we investigated this relationship.DesignThis study used a cross-sectional design.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018) data were used for this study.ParticipantsA total of 32 502 participants aged 20 years or older who had complete information for AC and depression were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDepressive symptoms were assessed using the nine-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a cut-off point of 9/10 indicating likely depression cases. Weighted logistic regression analyses and the smooth curve fittings were performed to explore the association between AC and depression.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a single unit increase in AC was associated with a 3% increase in the prevalence of depression (HR=1.03, 95% CI=1.00 to 1.06, p=0.039). The relationship between AC and depression was more obvious in females.ConclusionsThe AC is positively associated with depression.
General practitioners’ decision-making process to prescribe pain medicines for low back pain: a qualitative study
Authors: Ferreira Giovanni E , Zadro Joshua , Jones Caitlin , Ayre Julie , Lin Christine , Richards Bethan , Needs Christopher , Abdel Shaheed Christina , McLachlan Andrew , Day Richard O , Maher Christopher 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundPain medicines are widely prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) when managing people with low back pain (LBP), but little is known about what drives decisions to prescribe these medicines.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate what influences GPs’ decision to prescribe pain medicines for LBP.DesignQualitative study with in-depth interviews.SettingAustralian primary care.ParticipantsWe interviewed 25 GPs practising in Australia experienced in managing LBP (mean (SD) age 53.4 (9.1) years, mean (SD) years of experience: 24.6 (9.3), 36% female). GPs were provided three vignettes describing common LBP presentations (acute exacerbation of chronic LBP, subacute sciatica and chronic LBP) and were asked to think aloud how they would manage the cases described in the vignettes.Data analysisWe summarised GP’s choices of pain medicines for each vignette using content analysis and used framework analysis to investigate factors that affected GP’s decision-making.ResultsGPs more commonly prescribed opioid analgesics. Anticonvulsants and antidepressants were also commonly prescribed depending on the presentation described in the vignette. GP participants made decisions about what pain medicines to prescribe for LBP largely based on previous experiences, including their own personal experiences of LBP, rather than guidelines. The choice of pain medicine was influenced by a range of clinical factors, more commonly the patient’s pathoanatomical diagnosis. While many adhered to principles of judicious use of pain medicines, polypharmacy scenarios were also common. Concerns about drug-seeking behaviour, adverse effects, stigma around opioid analgesics and pressure from regulators also shaped their decision-making process.ConclusionsWe identified several aspects of decision-making that help explain the current profile of pain medicines prescribed for LBP by GPs. Themes identified by our study could inform future implementation strategies to improve the quality use of medicines for LBP.