bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Single Sub‐Millimetric Metasurface‐Based Optical Element for Lattice Bessel Beam Excitation Enabling Brain Activity Recordings In Vivo
Authors: Archetti Anna , Bruzzone Matteo , Tagliabue Giulia , Maschio Marco dal 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBessel beams (BBs) are propagation‐invariant optical fields that retain a narrow central intensity profile over longer propagation lengths than Gaussian beams (GBs). Due to this property, they have been adopted in fluorescence‐based light sheet microscopy (LSM) to obtain 2D longitudinally‐extended light‐sheets. Yet, current approaches for generating BB lattices in LSM focus on regular excitation patterns and involve complex and bulky optics, limiting integration capability and versatility. Here, a flexible method is presented to obtain BB‐arrays with arbitrary geometries by encoding on a single sub‐millimetric surface all the optical transformations required. This method is applied using a single metasurface to encode the generation of a linear array of BBs, avoiding the use of conjugation and focusing optics. With respect to the current strategies, this approach, allowing for the independent design of each beamlet of the array, increases the degrees of freedom while making optimal use of the available light with no rejection, thus facilitating its integration into optical systems. According to this method, we fabricated a metasurface‐based optical element for generating a linear BB‐array of excitation in an LSM configuration and recorded neuronal activity at cellular resolution from the zebrafish larva brain. Thus, the proposed approach greatly extends the BB‐array versatility and the application scenarios.
Challenges and Opportunities of Digital Marketplaces in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Almunawar Mohammad Nabil , Abdullah Mohammad Alif Azizi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Digital marketplaces are sites that provide online transaction facilities for their customers. As such, business transactions can be done anytime and anywhere between sellers and buyers through digital platforms, making them very flexible compared to physical stores or traditional marketplaces. Digital marketplaces are not new as they were among earlier e-commerce business models introduced in the 1990s, such as eBay and Amazon. However, local digital marketplace platforms are relatively new in Brunei Darussalam, as most such platforms started only a few years ago, although Bruneians are used to buying products from well-known global platforms. Several reasons have caused the emergence of local digital marketplace platforms, such as the very high internet penetration, the limitations of social media in supporting business transactions, the experience in making transactions using global digital marketplaces, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which forced people to conduct online transactions to avoid physical contact and the availability of digital technology for setting up platforms. This chapter discusses Brunei’s digital marketplace. It examines theories of the digital marketplace, such as transaction cost economics and multisided markets. Four examples of Brunei’s digital marketplace are analysed—Al-Huffaz Management, Babakimpo, Naindah and Super Squad Soccer—and opportunities and challenges for them to survive and grow are discussed.
Conclusion: Moving Forward
Authors: Khalid Ahmed M. , Jetin Bruno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of the contributions in this book. One key argument presented throughout is that economies going through a transitional phase face several challenges such as rising unemployment, a lack of entrepreneurial and innovative skills, a dearth of expertise in economic planning and management and more. The recent economic changes experienced by Brunei Darussalam are driven by a structural transformation that occurs in all emerging countries during their development process. This shifting global Asia offers many opportunities for growth if Brunei accelerates policy implementation to innovate and diversify its economy. This is necessary to meet the challenges of the energy transition and the digital economy that are propelled by shocks like climate change and global pandemics. Brunei must also be ready for a demographic change, and invest in and modernise its education system to provide young people with the new skills that companies need. The contributions provide clear evidence that Brunei is increasingly committed to taking on the responsibility of being a more productive state. Oil and gas rents, which are an important driver of the long-run economic growth process, have been increasingly used to finance diversification and socioeconomic development, including generous welfare benefits. This chapter highlights certain niche areas, such as the development of financial sector including a focus on Islamic finance, strengthening agritourism, the services sector, an efficient public sector and more vibrant business sector, which are all key to the future success of Brunei and its ability to meet the anticipated targets as set out in Wawasan Brunei 2035 (Brunei Vision 2035).
Financial Sector Development in Brunei Darussalam: Trends, Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Bhattacharyay Biswa Nath 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the trends in the financial sector development of Brunei Darussalam during the 2014–2018 period based on 24 indicators measuring depth/intermediation, financial access and financial inclusion and efficiency. It analyses these indicators in comparison with its peers among Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It also discusses the major prospects and challenges faced by the financial sector and provides salient policy recommendations. As part of the processes of globalisation and regional integration, the financial sector in Asia has also experienced increased integration and flows of cross-border funds. The financial sector in Brunei is at a developmental stage, though it is institutionally strong with the presence of both Islamic and conventional banks and other financial institutions. Brunei Darussalam Central Bank is slowly working to create a fully functional capital market, a must in order to compete with regional financial markets. Launched in 2016, the Financial Sector Blueprint 2016–2025 provides a roadmap and strategic framework to develop Brunei’s financial services sector into one of Asia’s most competitive and innovative hubs. The successful implementation of the roadmap will help achieve the objectives of Wawasan Brunei 2035 (Brunei Vision 2013), the country’s overarching development strategy, to diversify the economy. The chapter argues that the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement will further enhance economic integration and the growth of the region, including the financial sectors of the participating member countries such as Brunei.
Effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on quality of life among orthodontic patients with craniofacial disorder compared to healthy controls
Authors: Weismann C. , Schmidt M. , Effert J. , Schulz M. C. , Poets C. F. , Koos B. , Aretxabaleta M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Craniofacial disorders (CD) affect the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Therefore, this study evaluates the OHIP in orthodontic patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence compared to healthy controls (C).

Methods
A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, with responses categorized into functional and psychological well-being items. In addition, the study considered the influence of crossbite, orthodontic appliance type, oral hygiene, and speech therapy. A high OHIP score represents a good quality of life. The Mann–Whitney test was used for nonparametric quantitative variables; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
The study included 119 participants (ages 7–21 years; 61 male, 58 female), divided into a CD group consisting of patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence (n = 42) and a control group (C; n = 77; mean age 13.5 ± 5.2 and 14.3 ± 3.3 years, respectively). Both groups showed comparable OHIP-14 scores. The CD group reported significantly higher satisfaction regarding nutritional intake (p = 0.03), while the social and psychological dimensions were reduced (p = 0.04). Factors like crossbite, orthodontic appliance and speech therapy did not have a significant impact on OHIP. CD patients with good oral hygiene showed significantly superior self-reported psychological OHIP (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Patients with cleft lip and/or palate or with Robin sequence exhibited OHIP scores comparable to healthy individuals despite their underlying condition. Early guidance on dental care and tooth-friendly nutrition has the potential to improve OHRQoL. Additionally, providing supplemental psychological support during orthodontic treatment is advisable.

Graphic abstract
On pessimism aversion in the context of artificial intelligence and locus of control: insights from an international sample
Authors: Montag Christian , Schulz Peter J. , Zhang Heng , Li Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present study sheds light on a new psychological construct called “AI pessimism aversion” (AIPA) describing an overly optimistic view of the benefits of AI by neglecting its potential dangers. In an international sample of N = 543 participants, we observed that the construct of AIPA strongly overlaps with single-item measures for positive and negative AI attitudes. Furthermore, the structural equation model suggests that the positive association between the internal locus of control (a personality measure describing persons who see themselves as steering their own lives) and positive AI attitudes was in part mediated by AIPA. We also assessed risk aversion in the present work, because high aversion of risky situations might go along with lower AIPA (the coming AI wave is characterised by high uncertainty). Surprisingly, this was not the case, and these two constructs seem to be (rather) independent. The present work should be a starting point to dive deeper into the study of AI attitudes, a highly relevant research theme for societies standing at the eve of the coming AI wave.
The role of employment, labour productivity and trade linkages in the evolution of European regional disparities
Authors: Carullo Danilo , Di Caro Paolo , Fratesi Ugo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper disentangles the role of specific factors in the evolution of regional disparities within the EU. First, investigated is the role of employment and labour productivity, with particular reference to specific market-oriented sectors (manufacturing and private services). Second, studied is the role of trade linkages and proximities in the evolution of regional disparities on the EU. To achieve the aims, recently developed factor and spatial decompositions of the Theil index are applied to data at sectoral level covering the past twenty-five years. Furthermore, recent regional trade data are used to produce trade-based proximity matrices to compare with more traditional distance-based ones. This allows departing from a traditional conception of space as physical proximity, looking at the insertion in trade networks. The findings show a primary role of labour productivity differences in the explanation of regional differentials between the EU countries, but with a diminishing role after the Great Recession. Furthermore, detected is a raising importance of regional differences in the structure of labour markets/employment to explain regional disparities within and between the EU countries. The paper finally and most innovatively points out the prominent role of trade network connections to understand regional inequalities in the EU over time and across sectors. This is shown to be relevant and increasing in time. The analysis calls for policies targeting national and regional productivity with the aim of limiting spatial polarization. This is essential because trade linkages, i.e. integration, are an essential determinant of disparities patterns in the EU.
A hybrid springback compensation method for geometry complexity in stamping
Authors: Gong Zhihui , Fang Bohao , Wei Dongbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Springback compensation is a crucial approach to maintaining the accuracy of stamping parts with complex features. It has been challenging to determine the position of a characteristic point at the geometrical features during springback compensation. The currently available numerical approaches are not always sufficiently accurate and reliable, particularly when high-strength steels are increasingly used for lightweight structures. An enhanced hybrid method named springback path–displacement adjustment (SP-DA) method has been developed based on the well-known conventional displacement adjustment (DA) method to resolve the issue. A finite element method (FEM) model of stamping owning geometry complexity was established, and ST14F, BH300 and DP500, representing low, medium and high-strength steels, respectively, were selected for the study. Springback analyses were conducted, and the springback paths were acquired in the FEM simulation, based on which the spatial position of a node on the mesh of the compensation model was obtained using the SP-DA method. Its effectiveness was first verified numerically, and then, experiments were conducted to validate that the new SP-DA method could significantly increase the accuracy of springback compensation. Stamping of high-strength steels can benefit most from the proposed SP-DA method.
Development and Validation of Risk Assessment Model for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Based on A Retrospective Study with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mei Ling , Gao Linbo , Wang Tao , Yang Dong , Chen Weixing , Niu Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction and Hypothesis
We aimed to develop and validate a clinically applicable risk assessment model for identifying women at a high risk of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) based on a retrospective practice.

Methods
This study enrolled patients with and without POP between January 2019 and December 2021. Clinical data were collected and machine learning models were applied, such as multilayer perceptron, logistic regression, random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine and extreme gradient boosting. Two datasets were constructed, one comprising all variables and the other excluding physical examination variables. Two versions of the machine learning model were developed. One was for professional doctors, and the other was for community-health providers. The area under the curve (AUC) and its confidence interval (CI), accuracy, F1 score, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to evaluate the model’s performance. The Shapley Additive Explanations method was used to visualize and interpret the model output.

Results
A total of 16,416 women were recruited, with 8,314 and 8,102 in the POP and non-POP groups respectively. Eighty-seven variables were recorded. Among all candidate models, the RF model with 13 variables showed the best performance, with an AUC of 0.806 (95% CI 0.793–0.817), accuracy of 0.723, F1 of 0.731, sensitivity of 0.742, and specificity of 0.703. Excluding the physical examination variables, the RF model with 11 variables showed an AUC, accuracy, F1 score, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.716, 0.652, 0.688, 0.757, and 0.545 respectively.

Conclusions
We constructed a clinically applicable risk warning system that will help clinicians to identify women at a high risk of POP.
Three-dimensional mass spectrometry imaging (3D MSI): incorporating top-hat IR-MALDESI and automatic z-axis correction
Authors: Sohn Alexandria L. , Witherspoon John G. , Smart Robert C. , Muddiman David C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Leveraging a depth profiling approach expands the chemical elucidation of mass spectrometry imaging techniques to another dimension. Three-dimensional MSI (3D MSI) reveals the distribution of analytes with greater anatomical detail to add another level of information in a biological study. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) has demonstrated utility for an ablation-based approach, enabling simplified sample preparation workflows and streamlined data processing pipelines compared to a serial-sectioning strategy. To improve 3D MSI on the IR-MALDESI platform, two technologies have been characterized in tandem for the intention of minimizing sampling bias: (1) a top-hat optical train and (2) a chromatic confocal probe (CA probe). While the modified optical train creates a square spot size to avoid a Gaussian ablation crater after the analysis of subsequent layers, the CA probe enables automatic z-axis correction (AzC) to maintain the laser’s focus on the surface of the sample. The work herein demonstrates the integration and optimization of these technologies on mouse skin, motivated by the clear biological skin layers that result in differential lipid expression and subsequent detection. Results support that a laser energy of 1.3 mJ/burst with the top-hat optical train and a 120 µm step size in the X and Y dimensions presented a comparable depth resolution to previous studies at under 7 µm. Further, the optimized parameters were utilized on two biological replicates to evaluate method reproducibility where lipid annotations and their abundance were considered.
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immunohistochemical expression in fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma: biological and potential predictive implications
Authors: Marletta S. , Marcolini L. , Caliò A. , Pedron S. , Antonini P. , Martelli F. M. , Stefanizzi L. , Martignoni G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm driven by inactivating mutations of the FH gene, which cause metabolites like S-(2-succinyl)cysteine (2SC) to accumulate and trigger cascades supporting malignant transformation. Although in preclinical models the c-GAS-STING pathway is activated by fumarate metabolites, its role in humans has not been explored yet. Eleven FH-deficient renal cell carcinomas, including primary neoplasms and metastases, were retrieved and evaluated for clinical-pathological features and immunohistochemical expression of FH, 2SC (commercially available), and STING. The in-house collection accounted for 0.2% of the 2011–2023 renal cell carcinomas cohort (5/2210). Eight-on-ten cases with available follow-up behaved aggressively (local recurrence/distant metastases). All tumors revealed FH staining loss and strong and diffuse 2SC immunolabeling. At least focal STING expression was detected in most primary tumors (9/11, 82%), often (78%) in a wide percentage of cells (≥ 30%). Notably, significant STING expression was observed in all but two aggressive renal neoplasms, with one of the remaining showing increased staining in its hepatic localization, and in 86% (6/7) of neoplasms significantly expressing PD-L1. In our series, (i) FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma represents 0.2% of in-house cases; (ii) combining FH loss and positive 2SC staining now commercially available is useful in primary and secondary tumors, supporting this latter marker’s safe routine adoption; and (iii) a significant STING labeling (≥ 30%) in most of the samples, especially in those behaving aggressively and expressing PD-L1, provides novel insights regarding the molecular basis of FH-deficient renal cell carcinomas, proposing STING as a potential predictive marker.
HYA ameliorated postprandial hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes model rats with bolus insulin treatment
Authors: Yamamoto Yuta , Narumi Katsuya , Yamagishi Naoko , Yonejima Yasunori , Iseki Ken , Kobayashi Masaki , Kanai Yoshimitsu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
The oral administration of linoleic acid immediately before glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ameliorated postprandial hyperglycemia via GPR120 pathway in normal and type 1 diabetes (T1DM) rats. Linoleic acid could promote inflammatory mediators, but 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA) converted from linoleic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum has higher GPR120 agonistic activity without promoting inflammatory mediators. This study examined whether the oral-administration of HYA immediately before OGTT also ameliorated the postprandial hyperglycemia in normal rats and T1DM rats injected with bolus insulin.

Methods
Normal and T1DM male Sprague-Dawley rats received HYA immediately before OGTT. Other T1DM rats were given HYA and Humulin R immediately before OGTT. We measured the concentration of glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin in blood before and after OGTT. We also measured the amount of glucose in the gastric tract after OGTT, and the amount of uptake of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside in CACO-2 cells.

Results
Postprandial hyperglycemia was ameliorated by HYA in normal rats, and the postprandial blood glucose levels were slowly elevated by HYA in the T1DM model rats. HYA partially inhibited the uptake of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside in CACO-2 cells. HYA slowed gastric motility and increased the plasma GLP-1 and cholecystokinin levels in normal rats. HYA also ameliorated the postprandial hyperglycemia in T1DM rats given bolus insulin.

Conclusion
Oral administration of HYA immediately before OGTT ameliorated postprandial hyperglycemia through inhibition of glucose absorption and slowing of gastric motility in normal rats. Furthermore, this beneficial effect of HYA was also revealed in T1DM rats injected with bolus insulin.
Comparing the mental health of Australian university students with that of young people who are not in higher education
Authors: Crisp Dimity , Albrecht Sabina , Rickwood Debra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Compared with their non-student counterparts, young adults engaged in higher education are often reported to be at greater risk for mental health concerns. However, research directly comparing university student and non-student populations is limited. This study uses a community sample to investigate differences in the mental health and wellbeing of young Australians (17–25 years) engaged in university study (n = 828) compared with their age-matched non-studying peers (n = 880). Comparisons are made on mean levels of psychological distress, wellbeing, resilience, and loneliness, as well as the proportion of individuals meeting commonly used classifications for mental health and wellbeing. We then examine the role of employment on reported distress and wellbeing. While a substantial proportion of the sample reported high to very high distress, our study found no overall substantive difference in levels of distress or wellbeing between students and non-students. An examination of employment status revealed a more nuanced result. Full-time employment was associated with greater psychological distress in students, where otherwise students reported better wellbeing and lower distress than their non-student peers. These findings challenge the common discourse of tertiary students as having a greater risk of distress than the general community. However, attempting to combine full-time work with full-time study is challenging, and the pressures of such work can increase distress. Increased financial assistance for tertiary students is needed to ease work pressures, along with greater understanding of the flexibility needed to balance work and study commitments.