bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary carotenoid intake and fracture risk based on NHANES 2018- 2020 data: A propensity Score Matching
Authors: Charkos Tesfaye Getachew , Lemi Hunde 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Several epidemiological studies reported inconsistent findings on the association between carotenoid intake and fracture risk. This study aimed to determine the association between individual carotenoid intake with fracture risk.
Methods: A cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2018–2020. This study identified elderly individuals with valid and complete data on carotenoid intake and fracture risk. The average dieary intakes of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein+zeaxanthin was taken based on the two 24-hour recall interviews. Matching was done based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between carotenoids and fracture risk. All analyses were performed by using the R (Version: 3.4.3; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria)
Results: A total of 5491 (1140 cases and 4351 control) subjects were included in this study. The average age of the subjects was 55.62 ± 14.84 years old. In the adjusted model, The risk of osteoporotic fracture was decreased by 6.2% (Odd Ratio (OR): 0.938; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.699 to 0.989) and 1.4% (OR 0.986; 95%CI: 0.975 to 0.997) for dietary intake of beta-carotene and lycopene respectively.
Conclusions: Dietary intakes of beta-carotene and lycopene have significantly reduced the risk of osteoporotic fracture among the elderly population in the United States of America.
Transparent framework to assess the revision of national climate pledges
Authors: Tanaka Katsumasa , Tibrewal Kushal , Ciais Philippe , Boucher Olivier 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Parties to the Paris Agreement will revise their Nationally Determined Contributions following the first Global Stocktake concluded in December 2023. To assess the impact of potential future climate pledges, we propose a simple, transparent framework for developing emission and temperature scenarios by country. We show that current pledges with unconditional targets lead to global warming of 1.96 (1.39-2.6)°C by 2100. Further warming could be limited through i) commitment to mid-century net-zero targets for all countries and earlier net-zero targets for developed countries, ii) enhancement of the Global Methane Pledge, and iii) ambitious implementation of the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use. Our analysis further shows that overshooting 1.5°C is unavoidable, even with supplementary climate engineering strategies, suggesting the need for strategies to limit further overshoot and ultimately reduce the warming towards 1.5°C.
MHC class I chain-related genes B shedding modulates pancreatic tumor immunity via the activation of NKG2DLow T cells
Authors: Toyoda Hitoshi , Kuramasu Atsuo , Hosonuma Masahiro , Murayama Masakazu , Narikawa Yoichiro , Isobe Junya , Baba Yuta , Tajima Kohei , Funayama Eiji , Shida Midori , Hirasawa Yuya , Tsurui Toshiaki , Ariizumi Hirotsugu , Ishiguro Tomoyuki , Suzuki Risako , Kobayashi Sei , Horiike Atsushi , Hida Noriko , Sambe Takehiko , Nobe Koji , Wada Satoshi , Tsuji Mayumi , Kobayashi Shinichi , Tsunoda Takuya , Kudo Yoshifumi , Kiuchi Yuji , Yoshimura Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) are expressed as stress response proteins in cancer cells. NKG2DLs induce immune cell activation or tumor escape responses, depending on their expression. Human pancreatic cancer cells, PANC-1, express membrane MHC class I chain-related genes A/B (mMICA/B), whereas soluble MICB (sMICB) is detected in the culture supernatant. We hypothesized that sMICB saturates NKG2D in NKG2D-low T cells (NKG2DLow T cells) and inhibits the activation signal from mMICB to NKG2D. Our findings revealed that the downregulation of MICB expression reduced sMICB level, downregulated mMICB expression, maintained NKG2DLow T cell activation, and inhibited NKG2DHigh T cell activation. To maintain mMICB expression and downregulate sMICB expression, we inhibited a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM), a metalloproteinase that sheds MICB. Subsequently, the shedding of MICB was prevented using ADAM17 inhibitors, and the activation of NKG2DLow T cells was maintained. These results elucidate the mechanism of immune escape via sMICB and show potential for the activation of NKG2DLow T cells within the tumor microenvironment.
Decrease of alpha crystallin A by miR-325-3p in retinal cells under blue light exposure
Authors: Oh Subeen , Kim Chongtae , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Exposure to blue light can lead to retinal degeneration, causing adverse effects on eye health. Although the loss of retinal cells due to blue light exposure has been observed, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of alpha crystallin A (CRYAA) in neuro-retinal degeneration and their regulation by blue light. We observed significant apoptotic cell death in both the retina of rats and the cultured neuro-retinal cells. The expressions of Cryaa mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated in the retina exposed to blue light. We identified that miR-325-3p reduces Cryaa mRNA and protein by binding to its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Up-regulation of miR-325-3p destabilized Cryaa mRNA and suppresses CRYAA, whereas down-regulation of miR-325-3p increased both expressions. Blue light-induced neuro-retinal cell death was alleviated by CRYAA overexpression. These results highlight the critical role of Cryaa mRNA and miR-325-3p molecular axis in blue light-induced retinal degeneration. Consequently, targeting CRYAA and miR-325-3p presents a potential strategy for protecting against blue light-induced retinal degeneration.
Study on type I fracture characteristics and double K toughness model testing of anchored sandstone
Authors: Zhao Tong-bin , Zhang Wei , Xing Ming-lu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Engineering rock masses prone to type I tensile cracks due to excavation unloading can be reinforced with anchor rods to increase the proportion of stable fracture stage and reduce the probability of brittle failure. However, based on the traditional strength analysis method, the relationship of σ-ε is difficult to fully explain. Therefore, it holds crucial engineering and theoretical value to explore the failure mechanism of anchored rock based on the characteristics of fracture mechanics. In this paper, the fracture toughness of rock with different bolt crack relative positions and preloads is tested through speckle light measurement. The double K fracture criterion is introduced, and the mechanism of crack arrest and toughening of bolts is discussed based on the net stress intensity factor theory. The research results indicate that the closing force generated by the lateral action of the anchor rod significantly reduces the range of rock strain localization. While it has a limited effect on delaying rock cracking, it can effectively delay crack propagation and intersection. The initiation and instability fracture toughness of rocks show a logarithmic increasing trend with the shortening of the relative position between anchor bolts and cracks and the increase of preload. Increasing the net stress intensity factor at the crack tip of the bolt improves the rock crack initiation and unstable fracture toughness. After anchoring, the rock crack initiation and unstable fracture toughness increased by 90% and 130%, respectively. The length and time of the stable crack growth stage increased by 50% and 70%, respectively.
Inequity in clinical research access for service users presenting comorbidity within alcohol treatment settings: findings from a focused ethnographic study
Authors: Hemrage Sofia , Parkin Stephen , Kalk Nicola J , Shah Naina , Deluca Paolo , Drummond Colin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
While healthcare policy has fostered implementation strategies to improve inclusion and access of under-served groups to clinical care, systemic and structural factors still disproportionately prevent service users from accessing research opportunities embedded within clinical settings. This contributes to the widening of health inequalities, as the absence of representativeness prevents the applicability and effectiveness of evidence-based interventions in under-served clinical populations. The present study aims to identify the individual (micro), organisational (meso) and structural (macro) barriers to clinical research access in patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease.
Methods
A focused ethnography approach was employed to explore the challenges experienced by patients in the access to and implementation of research processes within clinical settings. Data were collected through an iterative-inductive approach, using field notes and patient interview transcripts. The framework method was utilised for data analysis, and themes were identified at the micro, meso and macro levels.
Results
At the micro-level, alcohol-related barriers included encephalopathy and acute withdrawal symptoms. Alcohol-unrelated barriers also shaped the engagement of service users in research. At the meso-level, staff and resource pressures, as well as familiarity with clinical and research facilities were noted as influencing intervention delivery and study retention. At the wider, macro-level, circumstances including the ‘cost of living crisis’ and national industrial action within healthcare settings had an impact on research processes. The findings emphasise a ‘domino effect’ across all levels, demonstrating an interplay between individual, organisational and structural factors influencing access to clinical research.
Conclusions
A combination of individual, organisational and structural factors, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the socioeconomic landscape in which the study was conducted further contributed to the unequal access of under-served groups to clinical research participation. For patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease, limited access to research further contributes towards a gap in effective evidence-based treatment, exacerbating health inequalities in this clinical population.
Exploring Granola Production Through Oven And Microwave Baking With Different Sweeteners In Trendy Breakfast Cereal
Authors: Erdoğan Selma Lubabe , Çetintaş Yunus , Barut Yeliz Tekgül , Süfer Özge , Koç Gülşah Çalışkan , Yüksel Ayşe Nur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to create and characterize an innovative granola, a popular choice in fast-food breakfasts. The granola samples were sweetened with agave syrup (A), honey (H), and stevia (S), and produced using conventional oven (1) and microwave (2) baking techniques at temperatures of 160°C and 300 W, respectively. Among the samples, H1 exhibited the highest total sugar content (26.64 ng/µl), with fructose being the predominant monosaccharide in A and H samples, while saccharose and maltose were more prominent in S-containing samples. Hydroxymethylfurfural was absent in S2, but its concentrations ranged between 10.52 and 85.78 ppm in the other samples. Linoleic acid constituted nearly 52% of the fatty acid composition in all granolas. Limonene (55.23–63.88%) and γ-terpinene (11.88–15.37%) were the most abundant volatile compounds. In terms of organic acid composition, malic acid ranged between 1189.55 and 2022.95 µg/ml, and citric acid fell within the range of 341.58 and 1824.04 µg/ml. The granola specimens also contained individual phenolic compounds such as vanillic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, propyl gallate, and pyrocatechol. Sensory results suggested that, overall acceptability score of both A2 and H2 sample was approximately the same and located at the top.
Human-Centered Design of a Novel Soft Exosuit for Post-Stroke Gait Rehabilitation
Authors: Krishnan Chandramouli , Adeeko Olugbenga P. , Washabaugh Edward Peter , Augenstein Thomas E , Brudzinski Maureen , Portelli Alyssa , Kalpakjian Claire Zabelle 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background Stroke remains a major cause of long-term adult disability in the United States, necessitating effective rehabilitation strategies for post-stroke gait impairments. Despite advancements in post-stroke care, existing rehabilitation often falls short, prompting the development of devices like robots and exoskeletons. However, these technologies often lack crucial input from end-users, such as clinicians, patients, and caregivers, hindering their clinical utility. Employing a human-centered design approach can enhance the design process and address user-specific needs. Objective To establish a proof-of-concept of the human-centered design approach by refining the NewGait® exosuit device for post-stroke gait rehabilitation. Methods Using iterative design sprints, the research focused on understanding the perspectives of clinicians, stroke survivors, and caregivers. Two design sprints were conducted, including empathy interviews at the beginning of the design sprint to integrate end-users’ insights. After each design sprint, the NewGait device underwent refinements based on emerging issues and recommendations. The final prototype underwent mechanical testing for durability and a system usability evaluation, comparing it with the original NewGait device and a commercial product, Theratogs®. Results Affinity mapping from the design sprints identified crucial categories for stakeholder adoption, including fit for females, ease of donning and doffing, and usability during barefoot walking. To address these issues, a system redesign was implemented within weeks, incorporating features like a loop-backed neoprene, a novel closure mechanism for the shoulder harness, and a hook-and-loop design for the waist belt. Additional improvements included reconstructing anchors with rigid hook materials and replacing latex elastic bands with non-latex silicone-based bands for enhanced durability. Further, changes to the dorsiflexion anchor were made to allow for barefoot walking. Mechanical testing revealed a remarkable 10-fold increase in durability, enduring 500,000 cycles without degradation. Usability testing indicated superior performance of the stroke-specific NewGait device, scoring 84.3 on the system usability scale compared to 62.7 for the original NewGait device and 46.9 for Theratogs. Conclusion This study successfully establishes the proof-of-concept for a human-centered design approach using design sprints to rapidly develop a stroke-specific gait rehabilitation system. Future research should focus on evaluating the clinical efficacy and effectiveness of the NewGait device for post-stroke rehabilitation.
A 3.55-μm ultrathin, skin-like mechanoresponsive, compliant, and seamless ionic conductive electrode for epidermal electrophysiological signal acquisition and human-machine-interaction
Authors: Zhang Likun , Chen Zhenglin , Ying Huazhang , Du Zhicheng , Song Ziwu , Chen Jiaju , Yuan Xi , Yang Canhui , Pandey Vijay , Zhang Can Yang , Yu Dongmei , Ding Wenbo , Xing Xinhui , Ji Jiansong , Yan Chenggang , Qin Peiwu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Flexible ionic conductive electrodes, as a fundamental component for electrical signal transmission, play a crucial role in skin-surface electronic devices. Developing a skin-seamlessly electrode that can effectively capture long-term, artifacts-free, and high-quality electrophysiological signals, remains a challenge. Herein, we report an ultra-thin and dry electrode consisting of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and zwitterions (CEAB), which exhibit significantly lower reactance and noise in both static and dynamic monitoring compared to standard Ag/AgCl gel electrodes. Our electrodes have skin-like mechanical properties (strain-rigidity relationship and flexibility), outstanding adhesion, and high electrical conductivity. Consequently, they excel in consistently capturing high-quality epidermal biopotential signals, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Furthermore, we demonstrate the promising potential of the electrodes in clinical applications by effectively distinguishing aberrant EEG signals associated with depressive patients. Meanwhile, through the integration of CEAB electrodes with digital processing and advanced algorithms, valid gesture control of artificial limbs based on EMG signals is achieved, highlighting its capacity to significantly enhance human-machine interaction.
Recovery of Astaxanthin from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Waste by Using Thermo-reversible Ionic Liquid-Water Systems: Phase Behavior, Extraction and Residue Utilization
Authors: Yu Qian , Li Yan , Yu Jinghua , Gao Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Conventional extraction techniques to recover astaxanthin from shrimp waste usually rely on organic solvents. In this study, ionic liquids were used to form thermo-reversible biphasic systems with water, and the systems were applied to extract astaxanthin from antarctic krill waste. The phase diagrams and physicochemical properties of the systems were investigated. Then the extraction conditions were studied to obtain high astaxanthin yield. Moreover, the extraction mechanism was revealed and the storage stability of the extract was evaluated. Furthermore, the extraction residue was used as bio-adsorbent to remove organic dyes to maximize the utilization of shrimp waste. Results show the system formed by tetrabutylphosphonoium trifluoroacetate ([P4444]CF3COO) achieved highest extraction efficiency up to 35.78μg/g under optimal conditions (308.15K, solid-liquid ratio of 1:40, and extraction time of 75min) as compared with pure [P4444]CF3COO and ethanol. Astaxanthin tended to transfer into the IL-rich phase after the two-phase forming due to hydrogen bonding with [P4444]CF3COO. In addition, the shrimp shell residues with spongy and porous surface presented great removal of 92.6% for Congo red and 97.31% for methylene blue. The study provided a novel and efficiency method to recover astaxanthin from shrimp waste, and meanwhile prepared a biosorbent from the extracted residue.
Proposing the flexible application of heat safety thresholds for junior high and high school sports clubs in Japan
Authors: oyama Takahiro , Honda Yasushi , Fujii Minoru , Nakajima Kenichi , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To verify the appropriateness of applying uniform heat safety thresholds (HSTs) in sports club activities at Japanese junior high and high schools, and to propose the flexible application of HSTs according to the conditions of the activity.
Methods
A case-crossover study was conducted using 2011–2019 heat illness incident data from Japanese junior high and high school sports club activities and hourly wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) data from nearby locations. Controls were matched for each case by year, month, day of the week (DOW), and hour for conditional logistic regression analysis, and explanatory variables were selected by the Group Lasso method. An analysis stratified by the selected explanatory variables was also conducted.
Results
Ten explanatory variables were selected: the WBGT at the time of the incident (WBGT-Incident), average WBGT of the previous day (WBGT-Prev), average WBGT during the summer season (WBGT-Summer), type of school, club, location, year, month, DOW, and hour. There was a significant relationship between heat illness incidence and both the WBGT-Incident and WBGT-Prev, regardless of whether stratification was used. Additionally, when the data were stratified by club, location, year, month, and DOW, the strata showed significant differences.
Conclusion
Heat illness risk varies with factors such as heat acclimatization, location, and duration, and applying uniform HSTs is inappropriate. We recommend using condition-tailored thresholds up to 3 ~ 4°C lower than the current HSTs, particularly during cooler summer months of April to June, on days with an unusually high WBGT, outdoor activities, and longer activity durations.
The Badolo HealthResilience Scientific Framework for health system resilience roadmaps
Authors: Badolo Mathieu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Baground: Health systems resilience to climate change is an essential aspect of overall resilience to climate change in a given context. Significant impacts of climate change on health systems could significantly reduce the capacities and resources of the main socio-economic sectors for resilience and development. particularly, climate change impacts on health systems would increase social inequality and disparities. The development of efficient scientific frameworks for the construction of inclusive configurations of health systems on which climate change has only residual impacts remains a scientific challenge to be considered. Methods: The purpose of this article is to describe the Badolo HealthResilience scientific framework for climate resilience of health systems. It includes methodological tools, bodies of information and solutions and a resilience scheme for efficient resilience roadmaps, based on the concepts of residual vulnerabilities, residual impacts and resilience configurations, trajectories and markers. It integrates contextual specificities, gender, social inclusion and population migration risks. Results: The results of this article include methodological tools, climate change impact vectors, climate vulnerability vectors, climate resilience vectors, gender and social inclusion vectors, population migration risks integration vectors and health systems resilience roadmaps, that are decision-making tools for formulating, planning, managing, monitoring and evaluating health systems resilience to climate change, based on contextual challenges and capacities. Conclusion: The Badolo HealthResilience scientific framework can be a decision-making tool to build more relevant, efficient and effective health systems resilience governance models. The main levers of these governance models are the engagement, mobilization, participation and contribution of populations