bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Israel‐Hamas War: Historical Context and International Law
Authors: Samuel M.T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis essay contextualizes the 2023 Israel‐Hamas war within a century‐old legal history of Palestinian dispossession that has been facilitated through the violation and misuse of international law. It argues that Hamas's attacks of October 7 were not simply driven by sanguinary hatred of Jews, as some commentators have suggested. Instead, the war crimes were motivated by the Palestinians’ disillusionment with an international system that has consistently denied them their right to self‐determination. This has been exacerbated by Israel's criminalization of nonviolent resistance. Such historical perspective illuminates the underlying causes not just of the present war but of the broader Israeli‐Palestinian conflict.
Resolving exit strategies of mycobacteria in Dictyostelium discoideum by combining high‐pressure freezing with 3D‐correlative light and electron microscopy
Authors: Franzkoch Rico , Anand Aby , Breitsprecher Leonhard , Psathaki Olympia E. , Barisch Caroline 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe infection course of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly dynamic and comprises sequential stages that require damaging and crossing of several membranes to enable the translocation of the bacteria into the cytosol or their escape from the host. Many important breakthroughs such as the restriction of mycobacteria by the autophagy pathway and the recruitment of sophisticated host repair machineries to the Mycobacterium‐containing vacuole have been gained in the Dictyostelium discoideum/M. marinum system. Despite the availability of well‐established light and advanced electron microscopy techniques in this system, a correlative approach integrating both methods with near‐native ultrastructural preservation is currently lacking. This is most likely due to the low ability of D. discoideum to adhere to surfaces, which results in cell loss even after fixation. To address this problem, we improved the adhesion of cells and developed a straightforward and convenient workflow for 3D‐correlative light and electron microscopy. This approach includes high‐pressure freezing, which is an excellent technique for preserving membranes. Thus, our method allows to monitor the ultrastructural aspects of vacuole escape which is of central importance for the survival and dissemination of bacterial pathogens.
Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR‐reverse blot hybridization assay and conventional fungus study in superficial fungal infection of the skin: A systematic review
Authors: Jeon Jae Joon , Kim You Hyun , Lim Sung Ha , Lee Solam , Choi Eung Ho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn superficial fungal infections, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the spread of infection and minimise the impact on patients' quality of life. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as KOH smear and fungal culture, have limitations in terms of sensitivity and turnaround time. Recently, the PCR‐reverse blot hybridization assay (PCR‐REBA) has been developed for the direct detection of dermatophyte DNA. However, there is a lack of information assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR‐REBA.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PCR‐REBA in superficial fungal infections compared to conventional and molecular methods.MethodsThe comprehensive search containing Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted on 7 August 2022. Two reviewers independently reviewed the included articles. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale tool.ResultsThe included studies were conducted in Korea (five studies) and the Netherlands (two studies), all of which were conducted in a single institution. The quality assessment of these studies indicated low risk of bias. When compared to the potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear and fungus culture, the sensitivity of PCR‐REBA ranged from 85% to 100%, and the positive predictive values ranged from 58.9% to 100%. When compared to the RT‐PCR, the sensitivity of PCR‐REBA ranged from 93.3% to 100%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 91.6%–99.6% and 81.0%–89.1%, respectively.ConclusionsThe PCR‐REBA shows promise as a valuable diagnostic tool for dermatophytosis, offering practical and cost‐effective benefits.
The accuracy of radial artery applanation tonometry and intra‐arterial blood pressure monitoring in critically ill patients: An evidence‐based review
Authors: Borg Amber Leigh , Trapani Josef 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe invasive intra‐arterial approach is the gold standard for measuring blood pressure in intensive care units where accuracy is crucial. However, invasive procedures increase the risk of infections and mortality. This evidence‐based review aimed to determine whether continuous non‐invasive blood pressure (CNIBP) monitoring, using Radial Artery Applanation Tonometry (RAAT) devices, is as accurate as invasive methods. Six papers were included: three prospective cohort studies and three comparative studies. Most studies showed that mean arterial pressure is accurately recorded through RAAT monitoring; however, more research is needed to assess the accuracy of non‐invasive readings of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, as data are not always concordant.
Extending the methodology of critical discourse analysis using Haraway's figurations: The example of The Monstrous Perpetrator within contemporary responses to child neglect and abuse
Authors: Einboden Rochelle , Varcoe Colleen , Rudge Trudy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCritical discursive analyses offer possibilities for equity‐oriented research, and are a resource for addressing resistant social problems, such as child neglect and abuse (CN&A). A key challenge for discourse analysts in health disciplines is the tensions between materiality and social constructions, particularly at the site of the body. This paper describes how Donna Haraway's ideas of figuration and technobiopower can augment critical discourse analysis to address this tension. Technobiopower, an intensification of biopower in the context of technoscience, is seen as underpinning the melding of material and semiotic practices. The subject is no longer a material body, but a hybrid body that exists in tropic figuration between the real and unreal. This paper uses an analysis of the figuration of The Monstrous Perpetrator from a study of nursing responses to CN&A to illustrate how Haraway's figuration aligns with and provides an analytical tool to extend critical discursive analyses. Specifically, this methodology offers new ways to identify the discursive qualities of bodies, and how material aspects of bodies are exaggerated, concealing their hegemonic ideologies and discriminatory effects. By identifying discourses within or inscribed upon the body, they can be disrupted, opening new possibilities for social change.
Regulation of Rubisco activity in crops
Authors: Amaral Joana , Lobo Ana K. M. , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete 
Published: December 2023

SummaryEfficient plant acclimation to changing environmental conditions relies on fast adjustments of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Regulation of enzyme activity depends on the activity of specific chaperones, chemical post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of amino acid residues, and changes in the cellular and organellar microenvironment. Central to carbon assimilation, and thus plant growth and yield, Rubisco activity is regulated by its chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca) and by adjustments in the chloroplast stroma environment. Focused on crops, this review highlights the main PTMs and stromal ions and metabolites affecting Rubisco and Rca in response to environmental stimuli. Rca isoforms differ in regulatory properties and heat sensitivity, with expression changing according to the surrounding environment. Much of the physiological relevance of Rubisco and Rca PTMs is still poorly understood, though some PTMs have been associated with Rubisco regulation in response to stress. Ion and metabolite concentrations in the chloroplast change in response to variations in light and temperature. Some of these changes promote Rubisco activation while others inhibit activation, deactivate the enzyme, or change the rates of catalysis. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms will aid the development of strategies to improve carbon fixation by Rubisco under rapidly changing environments as experienced by crop plants.
Defective kernel 58 encodes an Rrp15p domain‐containing protein essential to ribosome biogenesis and seed development in maize
Authors: Ma Bing , Liu Hui , Xiu Zhi‐hui , Yang Huan‐huan , Wang Hongqiu , Wang Yong , Tan Bao‐Cai 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ribosome biogenesis is a highly dynamic and orchestrated process facilitated by hundreds of ribosomal biogenesis factors and small nucleolar RNAs. While many of the advances are derived from studies in yeast, ribosome biogenesis remains largely unknown in plants despite its importance to plant growth and development.
Through characterizing the maize (Zea mays) defective kernel and embryo‐lethal mutant dek58, we show that DEK58 encodes an Rrp15p domain‐containing protein with 15.3% identity to yeast Rrp15. Over‐expression of DEK58 rescues the mutant phenotype.
DEK58 is localized in the nucleolus. Ribosome profiling and RNA gel blot analyses show that the absence of DEK58 reduces ribosome assembly and impedes pre‐rRNA processing, accompanied by the accumulation of nearly all the pre‐rRNA processing intermediates and the production of an aberrant processing product P‐25S*. DEK58 interacts with ZmSSF1, a maize homolog of the yeast Ssf1 in the 60S processome. DEK58 and ZmSSF1 interact with ZmCK2α, a putative component of the yeast UTP‐C complex involved in the small ribosomal subunit processome.
These results demonstrate that DEK58 is essential to seed development in maize. It functions in the early stage of pre‐rRNA processing in ribosome biogenesis, possibly through interacting with ZmSSF1 and ZmCK2α in maize.
DNA methylation in the wild: epigenetic transgenerational inheritance can mediate adaptation in clones of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
Authors: Sammarco Iris , Díez Rodríguez Bárbara , Galanti Dario , Nunn Adam , Becker Claude , Bossdorf Oliver , Münzbergová Zuzana , Latzel Vít 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Due to the accelerating climate change, it is crucial to understand how plants adapt to rapid environmental changes. Such adaptation may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, which could heritably alter phenotypes without changing the DNA sequence, especially across clonal generations. However, we are still missing robust evidence of the adaptive potential of DNA methylation in wild clonal populations.
Here, we studied genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic variation of Fragaria vesca, a predominantly clonally reproducing herb. We examined samples from 21 natural populations across three climatically distinct geographic regions, as well as clones of the same individuals grown in a common garden.
We found that epigenetic variation was partly associated with climate of origin, particularly in non‐CG contexts. Importantly, a large proportion of this variation was heritable across clonal generations. Additionally, a subset of these epigenetic changes affected the expression of genes mainly involved in plant growth and responses to pathogen and abiotic stress. These findings highlight the potential influence of epigenetic changes on phenotypic traits.
Our findings indicate that variation in DNA methylation, which can be environmentally inducible and heritable, may enable clonal plant populations to adjust to their environmental conditions even in the absence of genetic adaptation.
A heat‐inducible expression system for external control of gene expression in plastids
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Li Shengchun , Bock Ralph , Zhang Jiang 
Published: December 2023

SummaryInducible expression systems can overcome the trade‐off between high‐level transgene expression and its pleiotropic effects on plant growth. In addition, they can facilitate the expression of biochemical pathways that produce toxic metabolites. Although a few inducible expression systems for the control of transgene expression in plastids have been developed, they all depend on chemical inducers and/or nuclear transgenes. Here we report a temperature‐inducible expression system for plastids that is based on the bacteriophage λ leftward and rightward promoters (pL/pR) and the temperature‐sensitive repressor cI857. We show that the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in plastids can be efficiently repressed by cI857 under normal growth conditions, and becomes induced over time upon exposure to elevated temperatures in a light‐dependent process. We further demonstrate that by introducing into plastids an expression system based on the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase, the temperature‐dependent accumulation of GFP increased further and was ~24 times higher than expression driven by the pL/pR promoter alone, reaching ~0.48% of the total soluble protein. In conclusion, our heat‐inducible expression system provides a new tool for the external control of plastid (trans) gene expression that is cost‐effective and does not depend on chemical inducers.
Multi‐omics identification of a key glycosyl hydrolase gene FtGH1 involved in rutin hydrolysis in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Authors: Lai Dili , Zhang Kaixuan , He Yuqi , Fan Yu , Li Wei , Shi Yaliang , Gao Yuanfen , Huang Xu , He Jiayue , Zhao Hui , Lu Xiang , Xiao Yawen , Cheng Jianping , Ruan Jingjun , Georgiev Milen I. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Zhou Meiliang 
Published: December 2023

SummaryRutin, a flavonoid rich in buckwheat, is important for human health and plant resistance to external stresses. The hydrolysis of rutin to quercetin underlies the bitter taste of Tartary buckwheat. In order to identify rutin hydrolysis genes, a 200 genotypes mini‐core Tartary buckwheat germplasm resource was re‐sequenced with 30‐fold coverage depth. By combining the content of the intermediate metabolites of rutin metabolism with genome resequencing data, metabolite genome‐wide association analyses (GWAS) eventually identified a glycosyl hydrolase gene FtGH1, which could hydrolyse rutin to quercetin. This function was validated both in Tartary buckwheat overexpression hairy roots and in vitro enzyme activity assays. Mutation of the two key active sites, which were determined by molecular docking and experimentally verified via overexpression in hairy roots and transient expression in tobacco leaves, exhibited abnormal subcellular localization, suggesting functional changes. Sequence analysis revealed that mutation of the FtGH1 promoter in accessions of two haplotypes might be necessary for enzymatic activity. Co‐expression analysis and GWAS revealed that FtbHLH165 not only repressed FtGH1 expression, but also increased seed length. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind rutin metabolism, which should provide both theoretical support in the study of flavonoid metabolism and in the molecular breeding of Tartary buckwheat.
Overview of current melanoma therapies
Authors: Fateeva Anna , Eddy Kevinn , Chen Suzie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMelanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and is responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. Therapeutic advances in the last few decades, notably the development of novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies have significantly improved patient outcomes; nonetheless, these options remain limited due to the onset of resistance to treatment modalities and relapse. In this review, we focus on the available therapeutic options, their benefits, and limitations.
Christian nationalism, religious struggles, and the structural amplification of emotional distress
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Hill Terrence D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough studies have linked Christian nationalist beliefs with greater emotional distress, little is known about the potential underlying mechanisms or subgroup variations. Informed by the strain‐struggles‐distress model and the concept of structural amplification, we tested whether religious/spiritual (R/S) struggles mediate and moderate the association between Christian nationalist beliefs and emotional distress.MethodsRegression models were conducted on national survey data collected in 2021 (n = 1704).ResultsResults suggested that respondents who reported stronger Christian nationalist beliefs also tended to report higher levels of R/S struggles, anger, and psychological distress. Mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of Christian nationalist beliefs on emotional distress through R/S struggles. Moderation analyses also indicated that the effects of Christian nationalist beliefs on emotional distress were amplified at higher levels of R/S struggles.ConclusionIn support of the strain‐struggles‐distress and structural amplification models, we find that the adverse emotional impacts Christian nationalism are explained and intensified by the cognitive vulnerabilities of R/S struggles.
The effects of pen ink and surface disinfectants on red blood cells stored in plasticized polyvinylchloride transfusion bags
Authors: Uy Ralph Justin , Serrano Katherine , Hadjesfandiari Narges , Shih Andrew W. , Devine Dana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEach unit of red blood cells (RBCs) produced represents a significant cost to the healthcare system. Unnecessary blood wastage should be minimized. In clinical settings, alterations to blood component bags after issue from the protected setting of the blood bank include pen markings, and those that are exposed to an infectious environment require surface disinfecting. These units may be discarded due to unclear effects on RBC quality. In this study, we investigate whether pen markings or surface disinfection negatively affects the quality of packed RBCs and whether pen ink diffuses through the blood bag.Study Design and MethodsRBC bags were marked with pens (water, oil, or alcohol‐based) or subjected to surface disinfection (ethanol, hydrogen peroxide [Preempt wipes], or benzalkonium chloride‐based wipes [CaviWipes]) and sampled 24 h after applying the treatment and at day 42 post collection (n = 3 for each condition). The samples were analyzed for RBC in vitro quality markers. The presence of any ink in the RBC bags was investigated using mass spectrometry (n = 2).ResultsData from 24 h and day 42 time points indicated no differences in RBC count, mean corpuscular volume, morphology, deformability, potassium content, or hemolysis for either pen markings or disinfectants when compared with their untreated controls (p > .05). No trace of ink was detected inside the bag.ConclusionRBC units marked with ballpoint, gel, or Sharpie pens do not suffer a loss of in vitro quality, nor do RBC units which have been surface disinfected with 70% ethanol, Preempt wipes or CaviWipes.
Galois actions of finitely generated groups rarely have model companions
Authors: Beyarslan Özlem , Kowalski Piotr 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe show that if is a finitely generated group such that its profinite completion is “far from being projective” (i.e., the kernel of the universal Frattini cover of is not a small profinite group), then the class of existentially closed ‐actions on fields is not elementary. Since any infinite, finitely generated, virtually free, and not free group is “far from being projective,” the main result of this paper corrects an error in our paper, Beyarslan and Kowalski (Proc. London Math. Soc., (2) 118 (2019), 221–256), by showing the negation of Theorem 3.26 in that paper.
The reproducibility of dendritic cell and T cell counts to a 30‐min high‐intensity cycling protocol as a tool to highlight overtraining
Authors: Baker Carla , Piasecki Jessica , Hunt John A. , Hough John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeavy training has been reported to be immunosuppressive in athletes and lead to blunted cortisol responses to exercise. Cortisol elevates the number of dendritic cells (DCs), key antigen‐presenting cells that interact with T cells to initiate an immune response. Reproducible cortisol responses to a 30‐min cycle test have been identified but were based on percentage of work rate maximum. To ensure physiological consistency, submaximal anchors, that is, ventilatory threshold (VT1) should prescribe intensity. This study aims to assess the reproducibility of the DC and T cell responses to an adapted stress test to assess its usefulness in assessing DC dysfunction with intensified training. Twelve males cycled for 1 min at 20% below VT1 and 4 min at 50% between VT1 and , for 30 min (20/50), with blood samples pre‐, post‐ and 30 min post‐exercise. This was repeated twice, 2–7 days apart. Flow cytometry assessed total DCs, plasmacytoid DCs, myeloid DCs, total T cells, T helper cells and T cytotoxic cells. No significant trial or interaction effects were found for any variable. A significant main effect of time for all variables was found; immune cells increased from pre‐ to post‐exercise and decreased to baseline 30 min post‐exercise, apart from plasmacytoid DCs, which remained elevated 30 min post‐exercise. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed overall good‐to‐excellent reliability for all immune cells, with smallest real difference and Bland–Altman analysis verifying high reproducibility between trials. These results suggest that the 20/50 exercise test induces reproducible DC and T cell count changes, which, implemented before and after a period of intensified training, may highlight the negative states of overtraining.
Myocardial steatosis across the spectrum of human health and disease
Authors: Oneglia Andrew P. , Szczepaniak Lidia S. , Zaha Vlad G. , Nelson Michael D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPreclinical data strongly suggest that myocardial steatosis leads to adverse cardiac remodelling and left ventricular dysfunction. Using 1H cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy, similar observations have been made across the spectrum of health and disease. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize these recent observations. We provide a brief overview of the determinants of myocardial triglyceride accumulation, summarize the current evidence that myocardial steatosis contributes to cardiac dysfunction, and identify opportunities for further research.