bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Elder Problem with Reactive Infiltration Effects
Authors: Hurtiš Radoslav , Guba Peter , Kyselica Juraj 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of buoyancy-driven flow and reactive solute transport in a fluid-saturated porous medium can be induced by either natural processes or human activities. Typical examples include the groundwater salinization in carbonate-rock aquifers and the acid treatment of oil wells in petroleum drilling industry. In this paper, the classical Elder problem of buoyancy-driven convection in two-dimensional porous media is extended to include the local chemical interactions between the solute in the pore liquid (e.g. salt such as NaCl or acids such as HCl and HCl/HF mixtures) and the solid space of the porous medium (e.g. minerals such as calcite and dolomite). Effects of the geochemical processes on the flow and mass transport are investigated. For the reactive, strongly solute-driven case in the regime dominated by the diffusive mass transport, a decrease in the net solute concentration is found as compared to the non-reactive case. This decrease is pronounced at higher values of the Damköhler number when the solute reaction rate becomes larger than the solute diffusion rate. Furthermore, the flow structure is affected by products generated by the chemical reaction when the Rayleigh number for the products is sufficiently high. In that case, numerical simulations show the formation of diluted fluid tongues exhibiting damped periodic oscillations about a nonzero mean. The results are obtained using the pseudospectral numerical method, verified against the analytical solution for the non-reactive, purely diffusive case.
Enablers of transdisciplinary collaboration for researchers working on climate risks in African cities
Authors: McClure Alice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores enablers that help researchers to undertake collaborative transdisciplinary work with non-academic actors to co-produce knowledge on complex climate risks in African cities. Enablers were explored using a qualitative case study approach and expansive learning theory, which emphasises the embeddedness of practices in cultural and historical contexts. Concepts associated with expansive learning helped to consider relational enablers, namely: (i) capabilities required by researchers to understand the perspectives, values and motives of non-academic actors and make their own explicit; (ii) characteristics of spaces that allowed diverse participants to engage with perspectives, values and motives of others; and (iii) knowledge of the motivation behind different practices of non-academic actors, as embedded in different contexts. Findings highlight the importance of researchers’ intentional efforts to engage non-academic actors in their city contexts and respond to local priorities. Design elements that enabled relational work included explicit co-production framings, sharing experiences and opportunities for understanding various actor groups through structured activities and informal dialogues. The study highlights the situated and dialectical relationship between growing relational capabilities of researchers and their engagement in transdisciplinarity, provided spaces were created for reflection on activities. Relational enablers helped researchers to understand the heterogeneous experiences of actors working in African cities and tensions that influence their practices including traditional knowledge paradigms and siloed ways of working. The “champions” identified by researchers were those non-academic actors who took agency to engage with these tensions and begin transforming their practices towards multi-actor transdisciplinary knowledge co-production.
Criminal infiltration in amateur football: the case of the Netherlands
Authors: Spapens Toine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the past five years involvement of criminals in socially beneficial activities and philanthropy has received increasing attention in the Netherlands. Amateur football clubs appear to be particularly vulnerable to criminal infiltration. This paper presents the results of three exploratory studies conducted to answer two main questions. First, to what extent does criminal infiltration in amateur football occur, who are involved and what are their motives? Second, how may criminal infiltration be better prevented, both by clubs and public institutions? Suspected criminals have been active in amateur football as official and covert sponsors, as clubs’ presidents and coaches, or have misused clubs’ facilities for illegal activities. Our studies showed that in 2020, 19% of Dutch amateur football clubs reported to have been confronted with indications of attempted criminal infiltration and in this year the authorities had 40 cases under investigation. Criminal involvement in amateur football can be explained primarily from the perspective of social embeddedness and the aim to improve one’s status and social acceptation within local communities. Although awareness of the problem has been growing, preventing, detecting and tackling criminal infiltration may still be improved.
Coaxial boron nitride nanotubes as interfacial dielectric layers to lower interface trap density in carbon nanotube transistors
Authors: Otsuka Keigo , Sugihara Taiki , Inoue Taiki , Jia Weijie , Matsushita Satoru , Saito Takanobu , Lee Minhyeok , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Pitner Gregory , Li Ming-Yang , Chao Tzu-Ang , Xiang Rong , Chiashi Shohei , Maruyama Shigeo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA semiconductor/dielectric interface is one of the dominant factors in device characteristics, and a variety of oxides with high dielectric constants and low interface trap densities have been used in carbon nanotube transistors. Given the crystal structure of nanotubes with no dangling bonds, there remains room to investigate unconventional dielectric materials. Here, we fabricate carbon nanotube transistors with boron nitride nanotubes as interfacial layers between channels and gate dielectrics, where a single semiconducting nanotube is used to focus on switching behaviors at the subthreshold regime. The subthreshold swing of 68 mV·dec−1 is obtained despite a 100-nm-thick SiO2 dielectric, corresponding to the effective interface trap density of 5.2 × 1011 cm−2·eV−1, one order of magnitude lower than those of carbon nanotube devices without boron nitride passivation. The interfacial layers also result in the mild suppression of threshold voltage variation and hysteresis. We achieve Ohmic contacts through the selective etching of boron nitride nanotubes with XeF2 gas, overcoming the trade-off imposed by wrapping the inner nanotubes. Negligible impacts of fluorinating carbon nanotubes on device performances are also confirmed as long as the etching is applied exclusively at source/drain regions. Our results represent an important step toward nanoelectronics that exploit the advantage of one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures.
Review: Artisanal Gold Mining in Africa—Environmental Pollution and Human Health Implications
Authors: Ondayo Maureene Auma , Watts Michael J. , Mitchell Clive J. , King David C. P. , Osano Odipo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAbout nine million Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers in Africa and people living near ASGM activities are highly exposed to geogenic and anthropogenic potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Despite the hazards and risks posed by ASGM being well characterized, coordinated multidisciplinary environmental characterization with combined public health studies are limited, with often piecemeal and snapshot studies reported, as highlighted by this review. Furthermore, studies are often not connected with efforts to minimize hazards holistically. Given this, we systematically reviewed the scientific literature on human health hazards associated with ASGM in Africa through Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases. One hundred and seventy-three peer-reviewed papers published between 1996 and June 2023 from 30 African countries were identified. Toxicological environmental hazards were reported in 102 peer-reviewed papers, notably As, Cd, CN, Cr, Hg, Pb, respirable SiO2-laden dust, and radionuclides. Exposure to PTEs in human biomonitoring matrices and associated health impacts were documented in 71 papers. Hg was the most reported hazard. Gaps in research robustness, regulation and policy framework, technology, risk detection, surveillance, and management were found. Despite international and in-country mitigation efforts, ASGM-related hazards in Africa are worsening. This review paper highlights the need for coordinated action and multidisciplinary collaborative research to connect dispersed isolated studies to better characterize the associated disease burden associated with ASGM in Africa and sustainably maximize the wider benefits of ASGM whilst protecting public health and the environment.
Infinite pointwise lineability: general criteria and applications
Authors: Calderón-Moreno M. C. , Gerlach-Mena P. J. , Prado-Bassas J. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the concept of infinite pointwise dense lineability (spaceability), and provide a criterion to obtain density from mere lineability. As an application, we study the linear and topological structures within the set of infinite differentiable and integrable functions, for any order $$p \ge 1$$

p
≥
1

, on $$\mathbb R^N$$

R
N

which are unbounded in a pre-fixed set.
Employment of collective physical pretreatment and immobilization of Actinomucor biomass for prospective crystal violet remediation efficiency
Authors: Hasanien Yasmeen A. , Zaki Amira G. , Abdel-Razek Alaa S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have increased the number of industries that utilize colors and their wastewater, contributing to the global pollution catastrophe. Recently, wastewater treatment has relied on expensive, energy-inefficient, and limited-flexibility physico-chemical processes. This study sought a low-cost, efficient method of removing crystal violet (CVD). We created a statistical approach to choose the best practice by immobilizing physically prepared Actinomucor elegans AUMC15946 biomass. The immobilized cells displayed an enhanced CVD removal (80.3%) than the free cells (66.2%). The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized at three physical pretreatment parameters (heat, UV radiation, and gamma ray) for the first time to explore and maximize the positive impact of physical parameters on the immobilized fungus efficiency for potent crystal violet removal. The maximum CVD removal (96.4%) was achieved at the following optimum conditions (45 °C of heat treatment, 20 min of UV exposure, and 300 Gy of gamma irradiation). The toxicity of the treated CVD compared to the untreated one was also evaluated via three different protocols (phytotoxicity, microbial toxicity, and cytotoxicity). The treated CVD has no any adverse effect on seed germination. Similarly, the treated dye revitalized the growth of Escherichia coli cells and two normal cell lines, epithelial breast MCF-12F and fibroblast BJ-1, compared to the untreated dye. Thus, the physically pretreated and immobilized biomass of Actinomucor is a new and potent candidate that could be applied in dye bioremediation practices.
Protective role of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed biomass conjugated organic minerals as therapeutic nutrients to enhance tomato plant grown under salinity stress
Authors: Attia Mohamed S. , Abdelaziz Amer M. , Elsayed Salah M. , Osman Mahmoud S. , Ali Mohamed M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate changes and stresses negatively affected the physiological processes inside plant cells, which led to a clear imbalance in the global diet. In both irrigated and non-irrigated areas, salinity is one of the principal abiotic factors influencing plant growth and production, especially in crop plants. The present experiment was designed to evaluate two types of foliar feeding as anti-salt stress by measuring stress tolerant and antioxidant levels. Foliar feedings, Gluamin Cu, and Ascophyllum nodosum (WeGrow Special) were used as therabutic nutrients and stress raisers on plants irrigated with saline solution (150 mmol) and others irrigated with tap water. After 70 days of plant life, morphological characteristics, plant pigments, osmosis levels, phenols, and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured as indicators of plant recovery from stress damage. Measurements of vegetative growth, photosynthesis, sugars, and protein content decreased significantly in stressed plants. On the contrary, the level of proline, phenol, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium (Na +) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased compared to non-stressed plants. The beneficial impacts of the foliar feedings (Gluamin Cu and WeGrow Special) have been broadened to increase all growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenol, and enzyme activities, in both unstressed and stressed plants in comparison to control. Interestingly, the harmful impact of salinity on tomato plants was significantly decreased and it can be evident from reduced MDA and H2O2 levels. The results indicated that Gluamin Cu at a concentration of 3 cm L−1 foliar was the best treatment in increasing shoot length by 18.75%, root length by 51.8%, number of leaves by 31.5%, chlorophyll A by 98.9% and chlorophyll B by 47.6%, proline 12.6%, peroxidase by 39.6%, polyphenol oxidase by 14.29%, super oxide dismutase by 16.4%, and catalase by 54.9% in stressed plants compared to the stressed control. These results indicated that the use of any of the foliar nutrients (Gluamin Cu and WeGrow Special) considered to raise the salt stress in the plant and improve its morphological characteristics and metabolic processes inside the cells, and thus it can be used and applied commercially as environmentally friendly anti-salt stress.
ADHD-KG: a knowledge graph of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Papadakis Emmanuel , Baryannis George , Batsakis Sotiris , Adamou Marios , Huang Zhisheng , Antoniou Grigoris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a widespread condition that affects human behaviour and can interfere with daily activities and relationships. Medication or medical information about ADHD can be found in several data sources on the Web. Such distribution of knowledge raises notable obstacles since researchers and clinicians must manually combine various sources to deeply explore aspects of ADHD. Knowledge graphs have been widely used in medical applications due to their data integration capabilities, offering rich data stores of information built from heterogeneous sources; however, general purpose knowledge graphs cannot represent knowledge in sufficient detail, thus there is an increasing interest in domain-specific knowledge graphs.

Methods
In this work we propose a Knowledge Graph of ADHD. In particular, we introduce an automated procedure enabling the construction of a knowledge graph that covers knowledge from a wide range of data sources primarily focusing on adult ADHD. These include relevant literature and clinical trials, prescribed medication and their known side-effects. Data integration between these data sources is accomplished by employing a suite of information linking procedures, which aim to connect resources by relating them to common concepts found in medical thesauri.

Results
The usability and appropriateness of the developed knowledge graph is evaluated through a series of use cases that illustrate its ability to enhance and accelerate information retrieval.

Conclusion
The Knowledge Graph of ADHD can provide valuable assistance to researchers and clinicians in the research, training, diagnostic and treatment processes for ADHD.
Advancing healthcare through thoracic ultrasound research in older patients
Authors: Scarlata Simone , Okoye Chukwuma , Zotti Sonia , Lauretani Fulvio , Nouvenne Antonio , Cerundolo Nicoletta , Bruni Adriana Antonella , Torrini Monica , Finazzi Alberto , Mazzarone Tessa , Lunian Marco , Zucchini Irene , Maccioni Lorenzo , Guarino Daniela , Fabbri della Faggiola Silvia , Capacci Marco , Bianco Maria Giovanna , Guarona Guglielmo , Bellelli Giuseppe , Monzani Fabio , Virdis Agostino , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Ungar Andrea , Ticinesi Andrea ,   On behalf of the GRETA research group on thoracic ultrasound in the older patient, Italian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (SIGG)
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper reports the proceedings of a meeting convened by the Research Group on Thoracic Ultrasound in Older People of the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, to discuss the current state-of-the-art of clinical research in the field of geriatric thoracic ultrasound and identify unmet research needs and potential areas of development. In the last decade, point-of-care thoracic ultrasound has entered clinical practice for diagnosis and management of several respiratory illnesses, such as bacterial and viral pneumonia, pleural effusion, acute heart failure, and pneumothorax, especially in the emergency–urgency setting. Very few studies, however, have been specifically focused on older patients with frailty and multi-morbidity, who frequently exhibit complex clinical pictures needing multidimensional evaluation. At the present state of knowledge, there is still uncertainty on the best requirements of ultrasound equipment, methodology of examination, and reporting needed to optimize the advantages of thoracic ultrasound implementation in the care of geriatric patients. Other issues regard differential diagnosis between bacterial and aspiration pneumonia, objective grading of interstitial syndrome severity, quantification and monitoring of pleural effusions and solid pleural lesions, significance of ultrasonographic assessment of post-COVID-19 sequelae, and prognostic value of assessment of diaphragmatic thickness and motility. Finally, application of remote ultrasound diagnostics in the community and nursing home setting is still poorly investigated by the current literature. Overall, the presence of several open questions on geriatric applications of thoracic ultrasound represents a strong call to implement clinical research in this field.
Firing Process Modeling of a Soft Recoil Gun Based on Interval Uncertainty Parameter Identification
Authors: Wang Huimin , Xiao Ziqiang , Han Xiaoping , Jia Yizhuo , Sun Jianwu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The soft recoil firing technology is an important way to reduce the recoil force of a gun. To further improve the effect of the recoil mechanism and provide a test prediction method for soft recoil firing, a new multi-port structure of the recoil mechanism with a central port and variable depth wall grooves is proposed to research the working characteristics of a soft recoil gun.

Methods
To describe the firing law of a soft recoil gun, this paper establishes its differential equations of firing motion, constructs the analytical model of each subsystem in the system, and acquires a relatively comprehensive way to describe the firing motion process for this soft recoil system. The flow distribution Bernoulli equation is established with CFD fluid simulation to improve the model accuracy. On this basis, the interval uncertainty theory and genetic algorithm are applied to establish the parameter identification model of the firing process. The typical parameters of the soft recoil gun are identified and obtained with the test data of the first round.

Results
The similarity rate between the simulation and test data can reach up to 92.78%. Moreover, the corresponding simulation results match the test data under the second and third rounds. It is proved that the correct modeling and effective identification results provide theoretical guidance for the design of a soft recoil gun.
Improved Thermosphere Mass Density Recovery During the 5 April 2010 Geomagnetic Storm by Assimilating NO Cooling Rates in a Coupled Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Model
Authors: He Jianhui , Pedatella Nicholas M. , Astafyeva Elvira , Yue Xinan , Ren Zhipeng , Yu Tingting 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recovery of thermosphere mass density following geomagnetic storms is a result of competing heating and cooling processes. Simulations often underestimate the speed of the recovery. In this study, for the first time, we report that assimilating the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry nitric oxide (NO) cooling rate profiles into a coupled thermosphere‐ionosphere model via the ensemble Kalman filter improves the thermosphere mass density recovery following a geomagnetic storm. This is due to the impact of the assimilation on both the cooling processes and the thermosphere circulation. The dynamical changes due to the assimilation include stronger upwelling and equatorial transport. These lead to an effective increase in NO at all altitudes at mid‐high latitudes, resulting in the improved recovery. The improved representation of cooling processes in the storm's main phase also results in improved >24 hr forecasts of the density recovery.
Comparative evaluation on the effect of different cavity disinfectant nano gels; Chlorohexidine, Propolis, Liquorice versus Diode Laser in terms of composite microleakage (comparative in vitro study)
Authors: ElMansy Maryam Mohamed , Tadros Silvia Sabry Tawfik , Saleh Reham Sayed , Abdelmonem Rehab , El Menoufy Hala , Shawky Naglaa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The application of different cavity disinfectants is an essential step that eliminates bacteria after cavity preparation. However, some of these materials may affect restoration sealing ability.

Aim
This study aimed to assess the degree of microleakage at the tooth restoration interface after using different nano prepared cavity disinfectants versus Diode Laser.

Materials and methods
Three disinfectants were prepared on the nanoscale; Propolis, Liquorice and Chlorhexidine. A total of 40 extracted premolars with standard class V cavities were prepared on the facial surface. Teeth were divided into five groups according to the applied cavity disinfection protocol; no treatment, Chloehexidine, Propolis, Liquorice, and Diode Laser. After application of composite resin restoration, all teeth were subjected to thermocycling, afterwords the degree of microleakage was measured in micrometers. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Bonferroni’s and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results
The highest mean microlekage value was recorded in no treatment group, followed by Liquorice, Propolis. While Diode Laser group showed the lowest degree of microleakage.

Conclusion
Diode Laser cavity disinfectant has no negative effect on the restoration sealing ability. Nano prepared Propolis showed comparative results to nanoChloehexidine as both had low degree of microleakage.