bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE PIXE TECHNIQUE
Authors: KOLTAY E. 
Published: November 2004

Information on the elemental constituents of atmospheric aerosols is of basic importance in studying atmospheric processes for a detailed understanding of the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. Environmental pollution and its impact can be tested in the same way, too. In the present review we survey the main research fields in aerosol analytics that can be investigated with the application of the PIXE method. The nature of emission sources, emission inventories, aerosol transport and its tracing, arctic aerosols and climatic influences are mentioned along with methodological features of the present-day PIXE technique and its combined applications with other tools of instrumental analytics.
PIXE ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL AROUND THE GREAT WALL STATION IN THE ANTARCTIC
Authors: ZHU GUANGHUA , WANG XINFU , SHEN XINYIN , WU YUGUANG , ZHAO JUNLING 
Published: November 2004

The size distributions of mass concentrations for 18 elements were obtained from a PIXE analysis of the atmospheric aerosol around the Great Wall Station in the Antarctic. The enrichment factors for various elements in the aerosol relative to the earth crust and sea water with a salinity of 3.5% were calculated. Comparisons were made between the coarse, fine and ultra-fine particles in the aerosol and those over the Pacific and in Beijing. We observed the following: The atmospheric aerosol around the Great Wall Station comes mainly from marine aerosol, which is chiefly distributed at the particle size range of 0.5–8 μm and, to a lesser extent, from the local soil dust, which is distributed at particle sizes greater than 8 μm. Particles caused by human activities also come up to some proportions, and are distributed at sizes less than 0.5 μm. We conclude from analysis of size distribution spectra for aerosol mass concentrations that ultra-fine anthropogenic particles are mainly transported to the Great Wall Station from distant continents.
SOME FUNDAMENTAL BUT ELEMENTARY FACTS ON RENORMALIZATION AND REGULARIZATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EIGHTIES
Authors: BONNEAU GUY 
Published: November 2004

The literature of the last ten years is riddled with papers confusing or "even erroneous because their authors forget some facts on regularization and renormalization which should be well-known. We thus propose a short critical review with emphasis on three points: – to every primitive divergence corresponds a normalization condition, i.e. a parameter, even when a minimal scheme is used, – a regularization needs a consistent set of rules, – quantum corrections appear in the Ward identities when a symmetry non-preserving regulator is used, and they have to be compensated for through finite, non-symmetric counterterms. As a corollary, we recall that, being inconsistent, dimensional reduction should be prohibited when one wants to prove general results and, when used in "experimental" calculations, it should come with the necessary warnings.
The relevance of therapeutic drug monitoring in plasma and erythrocytes in anti-cancer drug treatment
Authors: Dumez Herlinde , Guetens Gunther , De Boeck Gert , Highley Martin S. , Maes Robert A. A. , van Oosterom Allan T. , de Bruijn Ernst A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring generally focuses on the plasma compartment only. Differentiation between the total plasma concentration and the free fraction (plasma water) has been described for a number of limited drugs. Besides the plasma compartment, blood has also a cellular fraction which has by far the largest theoretical surface and volume for drug transport. It is with anti-cancer drugs that major progress has been made in the study of partition between the largest cellular blood compartment, i.e., erythrocytes, and the plasma compartment. The aim of the present review is to detail the progress made in predicting what a drug does in the body, i.e., pharmacodynamics including toxicity and plasma and/or red blood cell concentration monitoring. Furthermore, techniques generally used in anti-cancer drug monitoring are highlighted. Data for complex Bayesian statistical approaches and population kinetics studies are beyond the scope of this review, since this is generally limited to the plasma compartment only.
Hair analysis in toxicology
Authors: Villain Marion , Cirimele Vincent , Kintz Pascal 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMorphological, serological and chemical examination of human hair for medical purposes was initiated some decades ago. In the 1960s and 1970s, hair analysis was used to evaluate exposure to toxic heavy metals. At this time, examination of hair for organic substances, especially drugs, was not possible because analytical methods were not sensitive enough. Since the early 1980s, the development of highly sensitive and specific assay methods such as radioimmunoassay or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has permitted the analysis of organic substances trapped in hair. This, theoretically, offered the possibility of revealing an individual’s recent history of drug exposure beginning at sampling day and dating back over a period of weeks or months. The present review aims to summarise the various applications that have been published.
Position of chromatographic techniques in screening for detection of drugs or poisons in clinical and forensic toxicology and/or doping control
Authors: Maurer Hans H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper reviews chromatographic screening procedures for simultaneous detection of several drug classes relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology or doping control in urine or blood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector (LC-DAD) or a mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The pros and cons of the different techniques and procedures are discussed leading to the following conclusions and perspectives. GC-MS, especially in the electron ionization full-scan mode, is still the method of choice for comprehensive screening providing best separation power, specificity and universality, although requiring derivatization. LC-DAD is also often used for screening, but its separation power and its specificity are still inferior to those of GC-MS. Finally, LC-MS has shown to be an ideal supplement, especially for the detection of more polar, thermolabile and/or low-dose drugs, especially in blood plasma. It may become the gold standard in clinical and forensic toxicology and doping control if, at a later date, the costs of the apparatus will be markedly reduced, the current disadvantages like irreproducibility of fragmentation, reduction of ionization by matrix, etc. will be overcome, and finally if one of the increasing number of quite different techniques will become the apparatus standard.
Gender in the Muslim Middle East
Authors: Beck Lois 
Published: November 2004

Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Margot Badran. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. 352 pp.Gender Politics in Sudan: Islamism, Socialism, and the State. Sondra Hale. Boulder, CO. Westview Press, 1996. 294 pp.Quest for Conception: Gender, Infertility, and Egyptian Medical Traditions. Marcia C. Inhorn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994. 441 pp.
Contemporary Headhunting
Authors: Kuipers Joel 
Published: November 2004

Headhunting and the Social Imagination in Southeast Asia. Janet Hoskins. ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.296 pp.Showing Signs of Violence: Tfte Cultural Politics of. Twentieth Century Headhunting Ritual. Kenneth George. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. 356 pp.
Recognizing Gay and Lesbian Speech
Authors: Proschan Frank 
Published: November 2004

Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination, and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Languages. William L. Leap. ed. Luxembourg: Gordon and Breach, 1995. 360 pp.Word's Out: Gay Men's English. William L. Leap. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. 181 pp.
Movement and Dance
Authors: Royce Anya Peterson 
Published: November 2004

Rumba: Dance and Social Change in Contemporary Cuba. Yvonne Daniel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. 196 pp.Human Action Signs in Cultural Context: The Visible and Invisible in Movement and Dance. Brenda Farnell. ed. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1995. 309 pp.
Ethnography in Colonial Mexico
Authors: Burkhart Louise M. 
Published: November 2004

Utopia and History in Mexico: Tfie First Chronicles of Mexican Civilization, 1520‐1569. Georges Baudot. Bernard R. Ortiz de Monte llano and Thelma Ortiz de Montellano, trans. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1995.566 pp.His toria cronológira de la noble ciudad de Tlaxcala: Transcripción paleogr´fica, traduccion presentación. notas. Juan Buenaventura Zapata. Mendoza. Luis Reyes
Pomo Indian Basket Weavers. Their Baskets and the Art Market
Authors: King J. C. H. 
Published: November 2004

Pomo Indian Basket Weavers. Their Baskets and the Art Market Grace Hudson Museum and Sun House, Ukiah, California, May through September 1998; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., October 1998 through January 1999; National Museum of the American Indian, George Gustav Heye Center, New York, May 9through August 15, 1999 (review venue); University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA, October 1999 through September 2000.Pomo Indian Basket Weavers. Their Baskets and the Art Market. Special issue of Expedition, The Magazine of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology 40(1), 1998.
City and Countryside in an Environmental Context
Authors: Moran Emilio F. 
Published: November 2004

Rainforest Cities: Urbanization, Development, and Globalization of the Brazilian Amazon. John O. Browder and Brian J. Godfrey. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. 429 pp.From Principles to Practice: Indigenous People and Biodiversity Conservation in Latin America. Andrew Gray. Alejando Parellada. and Hellen Newing. eds. Copenhagen, Denmark: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 1998. 303 pp.
Powerful Images: Portrayals of Native America
Authors: Apodaca Paul 
Published: November 2004

Powerful Images: Portrayals of Native America. Autry Museum of Western Heritage, Los Angeles. February 20‐May 16,1999.Powerful Images: Portrayals of Native America. Sarah E. Boeheme. Gerald T. Conaty. Clifford Crane Bear. Emma I. Hansen. Mike Leslie. and James H. Nottage Seattle: Museums West in association with the University of Washington Press, 1998. xiv. 144 pp.
Representations of Art and Arts of Representation
Authors: Price Sally 
Published: November 2004

The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology. George E. Marcus and Fred R. Myers. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. 380 pp.The Death of Authentic Primitive Art and Other Tales of Progress. Shelly Errington. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 309 pp.
The El Mozote Massacre: Anthropology and Human Rights: We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda
Authors: Gill Lesley 
Published: November 2004

The El Mozote Massacre: Anthropology and Human Rights. Leigh Binford. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1996.263 pp.We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. Philip Gourevitch. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. 1998. 384 pages.
What Did Isaac Write for Constance?
Authors: BURN DAVID J. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT
It has long been known that Henricus Isaac (ca. 1450–1517) wrote mass-propers for Constance cathedral. These are preserved in his posthumously printed, three-volume collection entitled Choralis Constantinus. Yet the first generation of postwar Isaac researchers showed that the Choralis contains music not only for Constance but for the Imperial court as well. Since then several theories have been advanced regarding the intended recipients of parts of the Choralis repertory. The present paper assesses these conflicting theories. It concludes that with one small possible alteration, the original division advanced by Gerhard Pätzig can stand, and that more recent proposals are not compelling. In addition, the new suggestion that Constance cathedral would have expected not only mass-propers in their commission but also mass-ordinaries is put forward, and a specific ordinary-setting which could have served this role is identified. The evaluation of the conflicting theories for how the Choralis divides leads, in the process, to a new model for the transmission of CCIII.
Jupiter Underwritten: Melville's Unsafe Home
Authors: WERTHEIMER ERIC 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT
Eric Wertheimer, “Jupiter Underwritten: Melville's Unsafe Home” (pp.176–201)
Taking Herman Melville's short story “The Lighting-Rod Man” (1854) as my interpretive reference point, in this essay I seek to understand how the idea of accidental loss was critical to the unfolding of Melville's career as a writer. The story manages to satirize commercial language as well as the discourses of safety and insurance underwriting that were part of Melville's bitter experience with his own property—whether as a homeowner or author. Moreover, the thematics of safety are discussed in the contexts of the legal and philosophical currents within the historical period, showing how Melville participates in a response to modernity that was uniquely centered on a critique of language.
The Other Lambert Strether: Henry James's The Ambassadors, Balzac's Louis Lambert, and J.H. Lambert
Authors: HUTCHISON HAZEL 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT
Hazel Hutchison, “The Other Lambert Strether: Henry James's The Ambassadors, Balzac's Louis Lambert, and J.H. Lambert” (pp.230–258)
We think we know Lambert Strether. Henry James names the unlikely hero of The Ambassadors (1903) after Honoré de Balzac's unlikely novel Louis Lambert (1832–33)—or so he says. In this essay I argue that James's choice is also influenced by his knowledge of the eighteenth-century Alsace philosopher J. H. Lambert. Now obscure, Lambert was, in his day and in the nineteenth century, a major figure in European science and philosophy, one deeply influential on the formation of phenomenology and pragmatism, disciplines closely associated with James's brother William James. Lambert's fascination with the problem of appearances also offers connections with Strether's experience in Paris and invites an exploration of the role of visual art in James's novel, including Hans Holbein's masterpiece with which it shares a name. In this study I argue that the name of Lambert, far from offering an easy clue to Strether's identity, offers him a variety of possible natures and possible ways of viewing reality.
MMPI inmate profiles: suicide completers, suicide attempters, and non‐suicidal controls
Authors: Daigle Marc 
Published: November 2004

AbstractResults from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were compared for three groups of male inmates in federal penitentiaries: 47 suicide completers, 43 suicide attempters and, 123 non‐suicidal controls. Analyses show that the groups differed on all 10 clinical scales and on at least 8 after Bonferroni correction. Attempters obtained the highest scores on 4 of 8 scales; they also posted the highest scores on 3 others, but differences were significant only against non‐suicidal controls. Completers posted the highest score on only one scale (Mf), but the difference was significant only against non‐suicidal controls. All told, completers proved more similar to non‐suicidal controls than to attempters. Regarding profiles, completers are more strongly correlated with non‐suicidal controls (r=0.95) than with attempters (r=0.86); non‐suicidal controls are less strongly correlated with attempters (r=0.88). The fact that attempters seem more pathological than the others can mislead clinicians screening for suicide risk. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A neuropsychiatric developmental model of serial homicidal behavior
Authors: Silva J. Arturo , Leong Gregory B. , Ferrari Michelle M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSerial sexual homicide has been the object of intensive study from forensic psychiatric, criminological, developmental, and sociological perspectives. In contradistinction to these approaches, neuropsychiatric concepts and methods have received relatively little attention in this area. In this article we adopt a neuropsychiatric developmental perspective and undertake a review of the psychiatric literature on violence and autism spectrum disorders. Our analysis of this literature suggests the presence of an association between autism spectrum psychopathology and serial homicidal behavior. Recommendations for further research to help clarify the nature of this association are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐infrared time‐resolved fluorescence lifetime determinations in poly(methylmethacrylate) microchip electrophoresis devices
Authors: Llopis Shawn D. , Stryjewski Wieslaw , Soper Steven A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHigh aspect‐ratio microstructures were hot‐embossed in polymer substrates with a molding tool fabricated using lithography/electroplating/forming (LIGA). The resulting devices were used for the electrophoretic separation of oligonucleotides labeled with near‐infrared (near‐IR) dyes. Near‐IR time‐resolved fluorescence was used as an identification method for the labeling dyes. The detection apparatus consisted of a pulsed laser diode operating at 680 nm, a single‐photon avalanche diode, an integrated microscope, and a PC‐board incorporating time‐correlated single photon counting electronics. Investigation of the optical quality and amount of autofluorescence generated from different polymer substrates was carried out in the near‐IR region for determining compatibility with time‐resolved fluorescence. Our results revealed that of several poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) substrates, brand Plexiglas® offered minimal replication errors in the embossed features using appropriate embossing conditions with low background fluorescence contributions to the observed decay. Near‐IR dye‐labeled oligonucleotides were separated to determine the applicability of fluorescence lifetime discrimination between Cy5.5 (τf = 930 ps) and IRD700 (τf = 851 ps) labeling dyes during the microchip separation. These dyes were used to label T‐fragments (thymine) of an M13mp18 ssDNA template. The DNA ladders were electrophoresed at 130 V/cm in a 4% linear polyacrylamide gel (LPA) gel matrix in a 9.5 cm long serpentine channel heated to 50°C. The electropherogram revealed that the lifetimes could be accurately read well beyond 450 bases, although single‐base pair resolution in the electropherogram was difficult to achieve due to potential solute‐wall interactions in the polymer microdevice or the electroosmotic flow (EOF) properties of the device. The relative standard deviations secured for individual bands in the electropherogram were similar to those obtained using capillary gel electrophoresis, in spite of the lower load volume.
Enzymatic reaction of the immobilized enzyme on porous silicon studied by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Songyun , Pan Chensong , Hu Ligang , Zhang Yu , Guo Zhong , Li Xin , Zou Hanfa 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDesorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (DIOS‐MS) is a matrix‐free technique that allows for the direct desorption/ionization of low‐molecular‐weight compounds with little or no fragmentation of analytes. This technique has a relatively high tolerance for contaminants commonly found in biological samples. DIOS‐MS has been applied to determine the activity of immobilized enzymes on the porous silicon surface. Enzyme activities were also monitored with the addition of a competitive inhibitor in the substrate solution. It is demonstrated that this method can be applied to the screening of enzyme inhibitors. Furthermore, a method for peptide mapping analysis by in situ digestion of proteins on the porous silicon surface modified by trypsin, combined with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐MS has been developed.
Direct electrochemical detection of glucose in human plasma on capillary electrophoresis microchips
Authors: Du Yan , Yan Jilin , Zhou Weihong , Yang Xiuyong , Wang Erkang 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe developed an electrochemical detector on a hybrid chip for the determination of glucose in human plasma. The microchip system described in this paper consists of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer containing separation and injection channels and an electrode plate. The copper microelectrode is fabricated by selective electroless deposition. The fabrication of the decoupler is performed by platinum electrochemical deposition on the metal film formed by electroless deposition. Factors influencing the performance, including detection potential, separation field strength, and buffer concentration, were studied. The electrodes exhibited good stability and durability in the analytical procedures. Under optimized detection conditions, glucose responded linearly from 10 μM to 1 mM. Finally, glucose in human plasma from three healthy individuals and two diabetics was successfully determined, giving a good prospect for a new clinical diagnostic instrument.
Microfluidic devices obtained by thermal toner transferring on glass substrate
Authors: do Lago Claudimir L. , Neves Carlos A. , Pereira de Jesus Dosil , da Silva Heron D. T. , Brito‐Neto José G. A. , Fracassi da Silva José A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new process for the manufacture of microfluidic devices based on deposition of laser‐printing toner on glass substrates is described. It is an alternative method to the toner on polyester film (toner‐polyester) one, previously introduced. Commercial laser printers cannot print directly on glass, thus the toner must first be printed on a special paper and then transferred by heating under pressure to the glass surface. Although this procedure is more complex than the toner‐polyester one, it can be repeated several times, yielding multiple toner layers. Even without special alignment equipment, up to four layers could be satisfactorily piled up. Characterization tests revealed that the toner‐glass devices have similar behavior as toner‐polyester ones regarding the toner layer porosity. The main advantages of the toner‐glass technology are improved mechanical stability, possibility of multiple toner layers, augmented electroosmotic flow (EOF), and improved heat transfer. On the other hand, toner adhesion to glass is weaker than to polyester, which limits the device lifetime and usable liquid media. The measured EOF mobility (3.5×10‐4 cm2·V‐1·s‐1 for pH 7) suggests that it is mainly determined by the glass surface, being little influenced by the toner walls. Microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and photometric detection were implemented using toner‐glass devices.