bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Oral Zinc Therapy as an Adjunct to Intralesional Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine in Patients of Verruca Vulgaris
Authors: Jain Sonia P , Bansode Dhaval Kumar , Harode Shantanu S , Sonkusale Pratiksha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Verruca vulgaris (VV) is caused by human papillomavirus affecting both keratinized and nonkeratinized epithelium. Different treatment modalities are available leading to scarring, pain, and ineffectiveness. Injection of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) not only clears treated warts but also distant warts by stimulating cell-mediated immunity.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to study the efficacy of adjuvant zinc with injectable MMR vaccine in treatment with side effects of treatments, the pattern of regression, the number of injections required for clearance, and the recurrence of verruca.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty patients having verruca were divided into groups A and B with 25 patients each. Group A received an injection of MMR and tablet of zinc whereas group B only injection MMR. A total of five injections were given in the largest wart at intervals of 2 weeks i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Follow-up was done at 3rd month and 6th months following 1st dose. Improvement in warts and patient satisfaction were assessed using visual analog scale and Likert scale, respectively.

Results:
Mean age of patients in groups A and B was 30.36 and 32.68 with male-to-female ratio 5.28:1 (21:4) and 1.77:1 (16:9), respectively. Mean numbers and size of lesions in group A and B were 2.24 (±1.59), 1.84 (±1.40) and 5.52 mm, 5.08 mm, respectively. Eighty-four percentage of patients in both groups needed five injections for complete clearance. Pain was the most common side effect in all patients of both groups whereas gastritis, fever, and lymphadenopathy were observed only in one patient of Group A. Patients in both groups were strongly satisfied on Likert’s scale.

Conclusion:
Oral zinc as an adjuvant with MMR vaccine for the treatment of VV was equally safe but did not prove to be of higher efficacy in our study.
A Descriptive Study of Nail Changes in Systemic Diseases
Authors: Mendagudli Chanabasappa , Thejaswi Sanjay Ramachandra , Ramesh M , Shendre Mohan Eshwar Rao , Thampi Anila Sara , Ankitha R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Nail findings may represent a part of the symptom complex that may be useful for the physical diagnosis. Thus, the present study was undertaken to know the nail changes in systemic diseases among patients attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of dermatology, medicine, nephrology, pulmonology, and surgery attached to Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi.

Methodology:
A hospital-based original study was conducted at KIMS, Hubballi. During January 1, 2021–January 30, 2023, data were collected by personal interview after obtaining informed consent from all eligible participants using a prestructured and pretested pro forma, among a convenient sample of 272 patients selected by the simple random sampling method.

Results:
Among 272 patients, 57.5% of the patients were young adults with male predominance (56.0%) and inpatients (66.0%) were more compared to outpatients (44%). Of the 272 patients, respiratory system (RS) (26%) was most common involved followed by hematology (21.0%), gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and liver (17%), cardiovascular system (CVS) and renal (12%), and clubbing was the most common nail change encountered (35.5%) followed by longitudinal ridging (33%) and pallor (31%) of the nail subsequently. RS was found as the common cause of clubbing followed by CVS and liver and GIT.

Conclusion:
RS (clubbing) was the most common system involved. Other systems involvement were renal system (half and half nail), liver, and GIT system (Terry’s nail) which are the specific nail changes that can lead us to the diagnosis. Thus, nails can serve as a window for the underlying systemic illness.
The Untold Story of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Srihari Sahana , Shenoy M Manjunath 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) has an impact on all aspects of patients’ life. It affects the quality of life and emotional well-being of a person. A great number of comorbidities occur in patients with AD, apart from the cutaneous features. This review is about the varied comorbidities of AD and its burden on the patient. There are three types of review: Scoping review; literature review; and nonsystematic review. There are various interrelated comorbidities in AD. Chronic pruritus and inflammation lead to psychosocial stress, anxiety, and depression. AD is associated with asthma, hay fever, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, and allergic contact dermatitis. Other associations are cutaneous and extracutaneous infections of bacterial, viral, and fungal origin. AD is also associated with various autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. AD is associated with several comorbidities which directly and indirectly affects the patient and their immediate family in terms of physical, mental, and emotional well-being. There is a need for such a review regarding the associations between AD and nonallergic conditions as the early detection and management improves the patient’s overall wellbeing.
Purpuric Macules in a Linear Distribution on the Left Forearm and Arm in a 14 Year Old Boy
Authors: Rai Tulika , Mahawar Rajendra Kumar , Mohan Atul , Goyal Deeksha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Angioma serpiginosum is a rare, benign vascular nevoid disorder due to ectatic dilatation of capillaries in the papillary dermis. It usually occurs in early childhood, affects females more than males, and is distributed predominantly over lower limbs. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy, who presented with multiple asymptomatic reddish, macules in a linear pattern on the inner aspect of the left upper limb for a total duration of 2 years with dermoscopic and histopathological features suggestive of angioma serpiginosum.
Fixed Eruptions: Drug, Food, and What More?
Authors: Sangolli Prabhakar Mallikarjuna , George Neethu Mary 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common entity encountered in our day-to-day clinical practice. It is a T-cell-dependent pathway with induction of interferon-gamma-producing CD8+ T-cells in the dermis and epidermis. It is not just a drug that causes a fixed eruption but has also been described with food known as fixed food eruption and also with other agents. The article describes the common causes and pathomechanism of FDE.
Succinate dehydrogenase deficient renal cell carcinoma: A case report of an uncommon renal cancer
Authors: Kodare Duhita , Menon Santosh , Prakash Gagan , Desai Sangeeta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (SDH-deficient RCC) is a rare type of renal cancer with distinct morphological features and diagnostic immunohistochemistry characterized by the absence of SDH immunostaining. The pathologists and the clinician need to be aware of this entity in view of their indolent course in most cases. We present here the first case from India of SDHB-deficient RCC.
Optical coherence tomography in papilledema: A probe into the intracranial pressure correlation
Authors: Bassi Shikha Talwar , Pamu Ramesh , Ambika Selvakumar , Praveen Smita , Priyadarshini Durga , Dharini Vidhya , Padmalakshmi K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To study the optic nerve head characteristics on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with papilledema and correlate them with intracranial pressure (ICP).

Methods:
A retrospective hospital-based study of 46 eyes of 23 patients with bilateral optic disc edema secondary to increased ICP. The clinical profile and the OCT features in terms of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and enhanced depth imaging (EDI) B scan images of the optic nerve head were studied and correlated with the ICP.

Results:
Papilledema was secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (n = 20), obstructive hydrocephalus (n = 2), and communicating hydrocephalus (n = 1). The mean ICP in 20 IIH patients was 347 mmH2O. The ICP and RNFL thickness in all four quadrants were found to be weakly positively correlated: superior RNFL r (38) = 0.17, P = 0.30, and nasal RNFL r (38) = 0.30, P = 0.05, inferior RNFL r (38) = 0.29, P = 0.07, and temporal RNFL, r (38) = −0.001, P = 0.99. The GCIPL layer thickness and the ICP were weakly negatively correlated in all sectors: superior (38) = −0.23, P = 0.16, superonasal, r (38) = −0.07, P = 0.67, inferonasal r (38) = −0.08, P = 0.64, inferior r (38) = −0.21, P = 0.19, inferotemporal r (38) = −0.23, P = 0.17, superotemporal, r (38) −0.21, P = 0.20. Descriptive features on the B scan, such as peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures and microcystic spaces, were observed most commonly with an ICP of 251–350 mmH2O, and the hyperreflective dots in the RNFL layer and Bruch’s membrane inward denting were observed more commonly with an ICP of 351–450 mmH2O.

Conclusion:
The RNFL thickness in all four quadrants had a weak positive correlation, and the GCIPL layer had a weak negative correlation with the ICP. The EDI descriptive features on OCT may vary with ICP.
Outcome of combined trabeculectomy with cataract surgery in patients on prostaglandin analogs and aqueous suppressants
Authors: Aswin PR , Mohan Neethu , Sundar Balagiri , Ponnat Arvin Kurian , Radhakrishnan Shanthi , Krishnadas Subbaiah R , Schehlein Emily 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To compare the effect of prostaglandin analogs (PGA) against other glaucoma medications (non-PGA) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) outcomes of combined trabeculectomy with phacoemulsification, and the conjunctival cell profile in persons with primary open-angle (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG).

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted among 116 patients with POAG or PXFG on glaucoma medications for a minimum of 3 months undergoing glaucoma triple procedure. Patients were divided into two groups (PGA and non-PGA) based on preoperative exposure to PGA. IOP outcomes were assessed for up to 2 years. Conjunctival biopsy specimens were obtained at the time of surgery, and histopathological analysis was performed.

Results:
Forty-two patients were in the PGA group, 67 were in the non-PGA group, and seven were lost to follow-up. The non-PGA group had lesser mean postoperative IOP and needed fewer postoperative medications compared to the PGA group in all visits up to 2 years. The non-PGA group had better complete success rate (50.7% vs. 14.3%, P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival estimates showed a significant difference in cumulative complete success rate between non-PGA (67%) and PGA (26%) by 24 months (P < 0.001). The Cox proportional model showed the type of drug to be significantly associated with surgical failure. Histopathological analysis revealed that the PGA group had higher numbers for each type of inflammatory cell (except mast cells) compared to the non-PGA group.

Conclusion:
Patients on PGA are likely to have a higher postoperative IOP and may need more medications for IOP control after a glaucoma triple procedure.
Comparative analysis of outcomes of two (popular) techniques of haptic exteriorization in scleral fixation intra-ocular lens surgery – A retrospective study
Authors: Baskaran Prabu , Srinivasan Karthik , Govindaraj Indu , Rajendran Anand , Rajamani Archana , Mahalingam Maanasi , Ramakrishnan Seema 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:To compare the visual outcomes and complication rates between the extra-ocular needle-guided haptic insertion technique (XNIT) and the conventional handshake (HS) technique of scleral fixation intra-ocular lens (SFIOL).Methods:In this retrospective study, we retrieved data of those patients who had undergone SFIOL surgery from January 2018 to May 2022 at our institute for aphakia following either a complicated cataract surgery or an ocular trauma and had a minimum follow-up of 3 months.Results:Of the 156 eyes, the HS technique was done in 80 eyes and the remaining 76 eyes with XNIT. At 3 months follow-up visit, there was no significant difference in the median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P= 0.988) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (P= 0.765) between the two techniques. There was no statistically significant difference between pre-operative median BCVA and post-operative UCVA in XNIT (P= 0.961) and the HS technique (P= 0.831) at 3 months follow-up visit. The complication rates between the two techniques were minimal and comparable. The most common post-operative complication was corneal edema. The incidence of cystoid macular edema was slightly more in the XNIT group but not statistically significant (P= 0.05). Two patients in the HS group developed retinal detachment, which settled after repeat surgery.Conclusion:The newer XNIT technique was found to be as safe and effective as compared to the conventional HS technique.
Acrogeria: A Rare Congenital Aging Syndrome
Authors: Thirumalaiswamy Aparna , Kharkar Vidya D , Bhargava Anmol 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Acrogeria is a rare, nonhereditary genetic syndrome that presents with nonprogressive atrophy of the skin of the distal extremities, giving it an aged appearance. The patients have characteristic facies with pinched faces, an “owl-eyed” appearance, and a beaked nose. We report a 14-year-old female patient of acrogeria who presented with typical clinical findings and dermoscopic features. Acrogeria, with onset usually at birth or thereafter, is often sporadic with potential genetic underpinnings. Uncommon features encompass skeletal and soft-tissue anomalies. The prognosis is generally favorable for these patients due to the lack of systemic involvement. To the best of our knowledge, dermoscopic features of acrogeria have not been described previously. We report this case owing to its rarity and to describe the dermoscopic features seen in this rare syndrome.
The Enigma of a Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness with Silence, Scaling, and Related Syndrome
Authors: Kharodawala Mariya , Pradhan Shekhar N. , Gosavi Anil , Tolat Sunil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ichthyosis is a group of genetic disorders characterized by generalized dry skin and scaling, and it can be frequently associated with erythroderma. Here, we report a case of ichthyosis associated with a rare syndrome. A 6-year-old congenitally deaf female presented with severe scaling and generalized erythema for 6 months which began with a scaly plaque over the face at the age of 18 months and gradually covered the whole body. Three similar episodes happened after that with a gap of 6 months. There were multiple scaly erythematous plaques present over the trunk and limbs and thick hyperkeratotic plaques were present in axillary and inguinal folds. The scalp hairs were sparse. Histopathology showed psoriasiform changes. Salivary sample sent for genetic analysis revealed an heterozygous mutation c.42C>G (p.Asn14Lys) in GJB2 gene that is known to harbor pathogenic mutations associated with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome. KID syndrome presents with the triad of keratitis, progressive erythrokeratoderma, and hearing loss.
Mask-related Facial Dermatoses in an Asian Pediatric Population in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lee Hwee Chyen , Ho Valerie P. Y. , Yew Yik Weng , Ang Seng Bin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Mask-related dermatoses have been widely reported in adults since the global COVID-19 pandemic. Compulsory mask wearing has been mandated in many countries. As pediatric dermatologists, we aim to characterize different types of mask-related dermatoses in the pediatric population, evaluate the prevalence, and potential exacerbating and mitigating factors to improve compliance in children in this era of regular mask wearing.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021, at a tertiary hospital in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire. This included all children aged (2–20 years old) in our pediatric dermatology clinics, tertiary education students (16–20 years old), and children of hospital/health-care cluster staff (2–20 years old).

Results:
Of the 577 participants who reported regular mask wearing, 140 (24.3%) reported symptoms. The most common symptoms were itching (74.5%), dryness (49.6%), dyspnea (32.1%), and oily skin (29.9%). The most common rashes were acne (48.9%), eczema (27%), dryness/peeling (23.4%), urticaria (18.2%), and cheilitis (16.8%). The most statistically significant risk factors for developing mask-related symptoms and/or rashes were (a) prolonged duration of mask wearing/day and (b) preexisting dermatoses and/or atopic history (especially atopic dermatitis).

Conclusions:
As the pediatric population remains vulnerable to emerging COVID-19 variants and other respiratory viruses, masks remain an important form of protection in daily life. Like in adults, regular mask wearing can lead to various facial symptoms/dermatoses in pediatric wearers, adding to dermatological burden during a pandemic. Those with preexisting risk factors should be made aware of this. We recommend all pediatric mask wearers should not exceed continuous mask wearing for 4 h and to take scheduled “mask breaks” in safe, well-ventilated areas.
Pediatric Epidemiology of Skin Disorders in a Mediterranean Population with a Nonreferral-based Health-care System: A Retrospective Large Series Analysis
Authors: Soutou Boutros , El Jalkh Jason , Ibrahim Élio , Jneid Ramy Abou , Helou Josiane , Tomb Roland 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Data from the Levant regarding pediatric dermatoses are limited. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of pediatric dermatoses in a health-care system that allows every patient to directly reach a specialist.

Patients and Methods:
It is a single-center, chart review, epidemiological study of patients who consulted, between 2010 and 2022, at the general dermatology department of a tertiary care university hospital. A random draw of 10% of the files was screened. Patients aged between 0 and 18 years at the time of consultation were included and their files were analyzed.

Results:
The study population consisted of 151,050 files, of which 10% were manually screened. Finally, 2313 “pediatric” files were analyzed, corresponding to 15.3% of the sample, with a female-to-male ratio of 1281/1032 (1.24). Of these analyzed files, 2912 diagnoses were distributed in the age categories as follows: 464 (16%) at preschool age, 1134 (39%) at school age, and 1314 (45%) at adolescence. The most prevalent diagnoses in males were acne (19.6%), atopic dermatitis (9.7%), and molluscum contagiosum (8.1%); in females, acne (27.4%), atopic dermatitis (9.4%), and warts (5.8%). Acne was the most frequent diagnosis overall (24%) and in the adolescents’ subgroup, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.77. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis decreased from 21.1% at preschool age to 10.9% at school age to 4.3% in adolescence. The most prevalent diagnoses at school age were molluscum contagiosum and warts.

Conclusion:
These updated percentages help configure suitable public health strategies for children in countries of approximate genetic background and similar life habits.
Microphthalmia, Dermal Aplasia, and Sclerocornea Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Yadav Anukriti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Microphthalmia, dermal aplasia, and sclerocornea (MIDAS) syndrome is a rare syndrome manifesting at birth with a wide variety of abnormalities which include microphthalmia and/or anophthalmia, sclerocornea, linear skin defects with dermal aplasia limited to the face and neck, ocular abnormalities, central nervous system involvement, cardiac anomalies, hearing impairment, and genitourinary malformations. This report describes MIDAS syndrome in a 6-day-old female neonate who presented with multiple erosions with crusted plaques over the face and neck since birth and bilateral microphthalmia with microcornea with corneal opacity.
Frequency and characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome in multiple sclerosis patients at a university hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlAmri Abdullah S. , AlShamrani Foziah J. , AlMohish Noor M. , Zafar Azra S. , Alnaaim Saud A. , Alazman Hatem A. , Al-Ghanimi Ibrahim A. , AlNahdi Abdullah A. , AlDawsari Fahad A. , AlMatrafi Shahad B. , Alzahrani Ghaida R. , Alnamlah Muna S. , Alkhalifa Rawan A. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects various parts of the central nervous system. Fatigue, a common symptom, transient, prolonged, or chronic experienced by individuals with MS, can significantly impact daily functioning. It can be associated with underlying pathological processes or can have an idiopathic cause, such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The study aimed to assess the presence and etiology of fatigue in MS patients and its relationship with CFS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 225 MS patients receiving care at our university hospital. The questionnaire included the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for diagnosing CFS and the Expanded Disability Status Scale to evaluate fatigue in MS patients.

RESULTS:
Of the total of 225 MS patients who participated in this study, 87.1% were diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS, 6.7% with primary progressive MS, 3.6% with clinically isolated syndrome, and 2.7% with secondary progressive MS. About 53% had experienced fatigue that persisted for over 6 months. Analysis of CFS diagnosis revealed that 7.3% of patients met both CDC criteria and self-reported answers while 17.5% reported having CFS despite not meeting the CDC criteria. These findings highlight a significant lack of agreement between patient-reported diagnoses and established criteria, indicating poor agreement (P = 0.028).

CONCLUSION:
The study found an association between CFS and MS, and a significant impact on daily functioning. The study revealed lack of agreement between patient-reported diagnoses and established criteria for CFS. This emphasizes the need for a standardized approach to diagnosis and evaluation of fatigue in MS patients.