bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multistage Anxiety State Recognition based on EEG Signal using Safe-Level SMOTE
Authors: Shing Tee Wee , Sudirman Rubita , Daud Syarifah Noor Syakiylla Sayed , Razak Mohd Azhar Abdul , Zakaria Nor Aini , Mahmood Nasrul Humaimi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnxiety is a complicated emotional condition that has a detrimental effect on people’s physical and mental health. It is critical to accurately recognize anxiety levels in early stage. The anxiety can be detected by pattern of brain signal using brain imaging tools. However, the common problem with dataset acquired from brain is imbalanced class distribution. Hence, the purpose of this work is to mitigate the imbalanced class distribution issue by removing data outlier and using improved Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) for improving the classification performance. This work used of the freely accessible Database for Anxious States based on Psychological stimulation (DASPS) that comprises of 14 channels electroencephalography (EEG) signal. It acquired from 23 subjects when they were exposed to psychological stimuli that elicited fear. The DASPS need to be processed for removing noises, extracting important features and sampling with Safe-level SMOTE method. Then, the processed DASPS was categorized into three types of model: Model A, Model B, and Model C. The feature Model C from enhanced DASPS class distribution obtained the precision of 89.7% and accuracy of 89.5% using optimizedK-nearest neighbour (K-NN) algorithm. The proposed method showed outstanding classification performance than others existing methods in recognizing multistage anxiety.
Design and Analysis of Electrical Characteristics of 14nm SOI-based Trigate Gaussian Channel Junctionless FinFET
Authors: Ramakrishnan Mathangi , Alias Nurul Ezaila , Hamzah Afiq , Tan Michael Loong Peng , Yusof Yusmeeraz , Natarajamoorthy Mathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Planar MOSFETs are reaching their physical limits. To overcome the limitations and improve channel gate control, FinFET technology, which uses many gate devices, is a superior choice while lowering the size of planar MOSFETs even further. In this paper, 14nm Silicon-On-Insulator-based Trigate Gaussian Channel Junctionless FinFET is presented. The gate length of 14nm is considered along with an Equivalent Oxide Thickness of 1nm, 5nm as fin width, and the work function of the gate metal is 4.75eV. The device architecture has a non-uniform doping profile (Gaussian distribution) across the fin’s thickness. It is devised to address the effects of Random Dopant Fluctuations such as channel mobility degradation in Junctionless FinFET based devices. The impact of fin height (Fh), gate dielectric and spacer dielectric on the Drain Induced Barrier Lowering, Subthreshold Swing, drain current of GC-JLFinFET is analyzed. The results show that the Ion=101.5μA/μm and Ion/Ioff is 3.2×107 are obtained for the proposed device structure compared to the existing structure, which has Ion/Ioff of 1.1x107. Furthermore, the proposed design shows better efficiency in short channel characteristics, namely DIBL=25.3 mV/V, Subthreshold Swing=63.88 mV/dec and Transconductance =3.621×105 S/μm. Thus the Gaussian Channel-based FinFET architecture can provide optimum results for Junctionless-based FinFET devices.
MR-Linac Dosimetry: Current Approaches and Challenges
Authors: Sarfehnia Arman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The use of MR-integrated linacs (MR-linac) in clinical radiation oncology applications are becoming more prevalent. However, given the novel and radically different designs of these systems from conventional linacs, current radiation dosimetry protocols for high energy photons are no longer appropriate for use in modern MR-linac systems: First, given the presence of the magnetic field and the linac design, traditional reference conditions defined by previous high energy photon dosimetry protocols cannot be met; Second, the presence of the strong magnetic field can affect the performance of conventional equipment used for dosimetry. In this manuscript, we describe some of the challenges faced in radiation dosimetry in external MR-guided radiotherapy delivery systems, summarize some of the publications in this area, and finally discuss the early work by the American Association of physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 351 which is mandated with producing a protocol for reference dosimetry in MR-linac units.
End-to-End QA in Radiation Therapy Quality Management
Authors: Schreiner L J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
End-to-End (E2E) testing is a method originating from computer science that is designed to determine whether an application communicates as required with hardware, networks, databases, and other applications. This paper is to advocate that the quality management (QM) of modern radiation therapy (RT) would benefit from more regular use of E2E based quality assurance (QA) in the local clinic. The argument is that modern RT delivery is performed through some process linked by a chain of interdependent stages and actions mediated by complex interchanges during the patient’s treatment. These actions along the chain are often modified due to decisions by clinical staff who are interpreting information acquired along the process. While physics QA can validate that each of these steps are technically achievable (e.g., through machine QA) such conventional QA does not guarantee that the overall process is being carried out as planned even when it has been described by a well-defined protocol and delivered by well-trained staff. The paper briefly reviews the changes in programmatic design as RT has become more complex, the associated changes in RT QM, and some past examples of E2E testing in RT clinics, usually performed during the implementation of some new RT technique or during external audits of the clinic’s practice. The paper then makes the case for increased E2E QA based on the lessons learned from this experience and ends with some suggestions for implementing effective and sustainable E2E testing in a clinic’s QM program.
A review of small animal dosimetry techniques: image-guided and spatially fractionated therapy
Authors: Johnstone Chris D. , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research in small animal radiotherapy is a crucial step in clinical translation of novel radiotherapy techniques, either delivered as stand-alone treatment or in combination with other treatments, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In order to efficiently translate preclinical findings to the clinical setting, preclinical radiotherapy must replicate clinical therapy in terms of mode of delivery as well as dose delivery accuracy as closely as possible. In this review article, we focused on the description of dosimetry tools for radiotherapy of small animals delivered with kilovoltage x-ray beams on image-guided irradiators and in a spatially-fractionated manner by means of microbeam therapy. The specifics of dosimetry of kilovoltage x-ray beam deliveries with small, often sub-millimeter, beams are highlighted, and suitable dosimeters, phantoms, and dose measurement and calculation techniques are reviewed. Future directions for accurate real-time high spatial resolution dosimetry of small animal irradiations are also discussed.
End-to-end quality assurance for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy with Fricke-Xylenol orange-Gelatin gel dosimeters and dual-wavelength cone-beam optical CT scanner
Authors: Rousseau A , Stien C , Dufreneix S , Boissonnat G , Bordy JM , Blideanu V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The whole treatment process undergone by patients in clinics with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) can be tested by implementing 3D end-to-end (E2E) quality assurance with gel dosimetry. In this work, a 3D E2E test was performed in a head phantom for the verification of a VMAT treatment, using FXG (Fricke-Xylenol orange-Gelatin) gel dosimetry and a newly developed dual-wavelength reading method on a cone-beam optical CT scanner. This dosimetric method intends to enable accurate measurements in the out-of-field zone and in the tumor volume, with an effective dose range up to 10 Gy. CT images of the phantom with a gel flask were used to create a treatment plan with a brain tumor of complex shape. A very good agreement between 90 %, 80 %, 60 % and 40 % isodose curves and high 3D γ passing rates (2%/2mm) of 98.6 % and 96.7 % between measured and computed dose maps showed that E2E tests can be successfully implemented with this novel dosimetric method.
3D optically-stimulated-luminescence-based dosimetry using LYSO:Ce scintillators
Authors: Jensen Mads L. , Turtos Rosana M. , Muren Ludvig P. , Julsgaard Brian , Balling Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The search for a reusable 3D dosimeter is ongoing and motivated by the impact it would have on development and verification of complex modalities in radiotherapy. We present a proof-of-concept 3D measurement of a proton-irradiated LYSO:Ce scintillator, using the resettable photon-emission mechanism known as optically stimulated luminescence and a novel optical readout system. Through this demonstration, we show that LYSO:Ce, in addition to being capable of real-time beam imaging, can be employed as a reusable post-irradiation 3D dosimeter with high spatial resolution.
A 3D printed patient-specific vaginal mould for brachytherapy
Authors: Wilks R. , Crowe S.B. , Chan P. , Cheuk R. , Kairn T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Patient specific applicators are needed for vaginal brachytherapy treatments in cases where conventional cylindrical applicators are unsuitable or unusable. These applicators are often produced using a time-consuming and comparatively imprecise moulding method. This proof-of-concept study used Monte Carlo calculations to investigate potential dosimetric effects from creating applicators using several common 3D printing materials. A sample mould was then replicated using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique, which allowed catheter channels to be precisely placed with reference to treatment goals, before 3D printing from thermoplastic using a consumer-grade 3D printer. The Monte Carlo results indicated that several FDM filaments caused substantial dose depletions (up to 6%) within the model applicators while having a minor effect (less than 1%) on dose in surrounding tissue. Compared to the sample mould, the 3D printed applicator achieved superior dosimetry in terms of target coverage, while also passing manual tests of smoothness and usability. This study demonstrated an overall process by which 3D printing could replace an imprecise and time-consuming manual process and potentially achieve improved dosimetry in brachytherapy treatments of irregular vaginal anatomy.
Fading correction for calibration of a novel 2D OSL-film dosimeter
Authors: Caprioli M. , Delombaerde L. , De Saint-Hubert M. , de Freitas Nascimento L. , Galvez Febles S. S. , Himschoot K. , van der Heyden B. , Vandenbroucke D. , De Roover R. , Leblans  , Crijns W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A new film dosimeter based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) was calibrated for high-resolution 2D dosimetry in the context of radiotherapy patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA). The OSL-film signal is linear with the dose and decays with time, in a process called fading. Two models were proposed to characterize the fading: (1) a linear model independent from the delivery and of practical use thanks to the straightforward signal-to-dose conversion, and (2) a delivery-dependent model, to investigate whether a more simplified model may be sufficient to accurately determine the fading independently from the specific-irradiation conditions. The models were used in a nonlinear regression over an experimental dataset acquired with a 6MV photon beam in standard calibration settings. Both models were accurate and showed an adjusted-R
2 of 0.98 (1) and 0.99 (2). The residual analysis on both models allowed to define the minimum scanning time to have a discrepancies between the models <1%. Under this condition the OSL fading can be assumed independent on the irradiation parameters. As a consequence, within these boundary conditions, the linear model can be used for the OSL-film calibration.
Different aspects of plan complexity in prostate VMAT plans
Authors: Terzidis E. , Nordström F. , Götstedt J. , Bäck A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work we evaluated VMAT plan complexity by using different methods and approaches: complexity related to the aperture shape, the nature of the dynamic delivery, the impact of delivery variations as well as complexity analyses based on measurements. Prostate cancer treatment plans with different levels of complexity were created for three different patient cases. The plans intended to be most complex were also scored to be the most complex according to the evaluation methods used. The results for the other plans were more diverse. The methods that included 3D spatial information on complexity gave additional information important for the analysis of clinical relevance. In order to use specific complexity estimation methods for taking clinical decisions it is essential to understand how different aspects of complexity are incorporated in each method.
Iterative Image Reconstruction Methodology in Optical CT Radiochromic Gel Dosimetry
Authors: Collins S , Ogilvy A , Huang D , Hare W , Hilts M , Jirasek A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern advancements in radiation therapy require paralleled advancements in the dosimetric tools used to verify dose distributions. Optical computed tomography (CT) imaged radiochromic gel dosimeters provide comprehensive, tissue equivalent, 3D dosimetric information with high spatial resolution and low imaging times. Traditional CT image reconstruction methods (filtered backprojection) do not account for light refraction within the optical CT system reducing the image quality. Iterative reconstruction methods make use of a system matrix that describes this light refraction thus, improving the reconstructed image quality. However, use of iterative reconstruction methods is not widespread, largely due to the impractical storage size of the required system matrix. Furthermore, current iterative reconstruction methods do not address the issue of image degradation due to a single detector element collecting light from multiple raypaths. For optical CT radiochromic gel dosimetry to be used effectively as a radiation therapy treatment plan verification tool, the system must be both practical and accurate. Thus, this work has two main objectives: (i) reduce the size of system matrices by means of polar coordinate discretization in lieu of the traditional Cartesian coordinate discretization, and (ii) reduce image degradation due to multiple raypaths by a novel approach to populating the system matrix that accounts for multiple raypaths.
College Students’ Day-to-Day Maladaptive Drinking Responses to Stress Severity and Stressor-Related Guilt and Anger
Authors: Courtney Jimikaye B , West Ashley B , Russell Michael A , Almeida David M , Conroy David E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Stress is a common part of college students’ daily lives that may influence their physical activity (PA) and alcohol use. Understanding features of daily stress processes that predict health behaviors could help identify targets for just-in-time interventions.

Purpose
This study used intensive longitudinal data to examine whether prior day stress processes predict current day PA or alcohol use.

Methods
Participants (N=58, Mage=20.5, 59% women, 70% White) were 18-to-25-year-old students who engaged in binge drinking at least twice monthly and used cannabis or tobacco in the past year. They wore activity (activPAL4) and alcohol (Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor) monitors for 11 days to assess daily PA (e.g., step counts) and alcohol use (e.g., drinking day), and completed daily surveys about yesterday’s stress, including number of stressors (i.e., frequency), stressor intensity (i.e., severity), and frequency of affective states (e.g., guilt). Multilevel models examined prior day stress predicting current day PA or alcohol use.

Results
Participants had higher odds of current day drinking (odds ratio=1.21) and greater area under the curve (B=0.08) when they experienced greater than usual stress severity the prior day. Participants had higher current day peak transdermal alcohol concentration (B=0.12) and area under the curve (B=0.11) when they more frequently experienced guilt due to stressors the prior day.

Conclusions
College students’ unhealthy response of increasing alcohol use due to stress could adversely impact health outcomes. There is a critical need for interventions addressing students’ ability to effectively manage and respond to the stress-inducing, daily demands of student life.
Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Brachial–Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Pulse Pressure Index for Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Liu Yue , An Yajuan , Li Jiao , Yuan Peng , Qi Xin , Wei Liping , Yang Hua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To explore the diagnostic and predictive value of pulse pressure index (PPI) and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) for coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly patients with hypertension.

METHODS
A total of 307 elderly patients who had chest pain or chest distress and coronary angiography were enrolled. According to the Gensini score, patients with CHD (n = 260) were divided into low-risk group (&lt;20 points, n = 96), moderate-risk group (20–40 points, n = 80), and high-risk group (&gt;40 points, n = 84). baPWV was measured using an ankle–brachial index and pulse wave measuring device. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CHD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of baPWV and PPI for CHD.

RESULTS
PPI and baPWV of elderly hypertensive patients with CHD at low, moderate, and high risk were higher than those without CHD [PPI: 0.43 ± 0.04, 0.45 ± 0.04, 0.45 ± 0.05 vs. 0.41 ± 0.05, F = 31.768, P &lt; 0.001; baWV: 1,671 (1,587–1,755), 1,717 (1,597–1,843), 1,780 (1,661–1,960) vs. 1,570 (1,477–1,699) cm/s, X2 = 60.918, P &lt; 0.001]. With the increase in CHD severity, the PPI and baPWV were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05). Spearman/Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Gensini score was positively correlated with baPWV and PPI, respectively (both P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baPWV, PPI, and systolic blood pressure were the influencing factors of CHD in hypertensive patients. The areas under the ROC curve (95% CI) of baPWV, PPI, and their combination for diagnosing CHD were 0.792 (0.723–0.861), 0.708 (0.625–0.792), and 0.837 (0.779–0.895), respectively, and was significantly different between baPWV or PPI alone and the combination of the 2 (Z = −2.178, P = 0.029; Z = −3.330, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Elevations of baPWV and PPI are positively correlated with the severity of CHD. Both baPWV and PPI have a diagnostic and predictive value for CHD in elderly hypertensive patients, and the combination of baPWV and PPI is more accurate.
PhaGenus: genus-level classification of bacteriophages using a Transformer model
Authors: Guan Jiaojiao , Peng Cheng , Shang Jiayu , Tang Xubo , Sun Yanni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Bacteriophages (phages for short), which prey on and replicate within bacterial cells, have a significant role in modulating microbial communities and hold potential applications in treating antibiotic resistance. The advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology contributes to the discovery of phages tremendously. However, the taxonomic classification of assembled phage contigs still faces several challenges, including high genetic diversity, lack of a stable taxonomy system and limited knowledge of phage annotations. Despite extensive efforts, existing tools have not yet achieved an optimal balance between prediction rate and accuracy.

Results
In this work, we develop a learning-based model named PhaGenus, which conducts genus-level taxonomic classification for phage contigs. PhaGenus utilizes a powerful Transformer model to learn the association between protein clusters and support the classification of up to 508 genera. We tested PhaGenus on four datasets in different scenarios. The experimental results show that PhaGenus outperforms state-of-the-art methods in predicting low-similarity datasets, achieving an improvement of at least 13.7%. Additionally, PhaGenus is highly effective at identifying previously uncharacterized genera that are not represented in reference databases, with an improvement of 8.52%. The analysis of the infants’ gut and GOV2.0 dataset demonstrates that PhaGenus can be used to classify more contigs with higher accuracy.
Acute heart failure: mechanisms and pre-clinical models—a Scientific Statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function
Authors: Ciccarelli Michele , Pires Inês Falcão , Bauersachs Johann , Bertrand Luc , Beauloye Christophe , Dawson Dana , Hamdani Nazha , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise , van Laake Linda W , Lezoualc’h Frank , Linke Wolfgang A , Lunde Ida G , Rainer Peter P , Rispoli Antonella , Visco Valeria , Carrizzo Albino , Ferro Matteo Dal , Stolfo Davide , van der Velden Jolanda , Zacchigna Serena , Heymans Stephane , Thum Thomas , Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment has considerably improved patient prognosis and survival, the therapeutic management of acute heart failure (AHF) has remained virtually unchanged in the last decades. This is partly due to the scarcity of pre-clinical models for the pathophysiological assessment and, consequently, the limited knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in the different AHF phenotypes. This scientific statement outlines the different trajectories from acute to CHF originating from the interaction between aetiology, genetic and environmental factors, and comorbidities. Furthermore, we discuss the potential molecular targets capable of unveiling new therapeutic perspectives to improve the outcome of the acute phase and counteracting the evolution towards CHF.
The Impacts of Spirituality and Religious Participation on the Emotional Well-Being of Widowed Older Adults in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ukeachusim Chidinma P , Okwor Christopher O , Eze Ekenedirichukwu , Okoli Anuli B , Ugwu Collins I , Ebimgbo Samuel O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The population of older individuals in Africa is increasing, and at a rapid rate. Although the numbers of these individuals increase, many African countries, including Nigeria, are devoid of state-sponsored welfare systems that address their well-being. This situation has placed the bulk of support on the family members including spouses. Studies have shown that spouses are considered to be veritable sources of support in later life. However, spousal death tends to reduce the perceived support including emotional support, which usually occasions lower well-being, life dissatisfaction, and higher mortality rates. This study ascertains the impact of spirituality/religious participation on the emotional well-being of widowed older adults.

Research Design and Methods
The study was conducted in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. The study implemented a qualitative approach to collect data from 71 widowed older adults, aged 60 and older. The thematic analytical method was used to analyze the generated data.

Results
Participating in spiritual/religious activities like prayers, church programs/activities reading, studying, and meditating on the word of God have enabled the widowed older adults to buffer some of the emotional challenges.

Discussion and Implications
Older adults should be encouraged to participate in spiritual and religious activities. Religious leaders should also make every effort to organize activities that will address the emotional needs of these individuals.