bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 is a negative prognostic factor for disease free survival and overall survival in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Denkert Carsten , Winzer Klaus‐Jürgen , Müller Berit‐Maria , Weichert Wilko , Pest Sören , Köbel Martin , Kristiansen Glen , Reles Angela , Siegert Antje , Guski Hans , Hauptmann Steffen 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclooxygenases regulate the production of prostaglandins and play a role in tumor development and progression. The authors investigated the prognostic impact of expression of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX‐1 and COX‐2, on disease‐free survival and progression‐free survival in patients with primary breast carcinoma as well as the association between COX expression and other clinicopathologic parameters.METHODSIn this study COX isoform expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 221 patients with primary breast carcinoma.RESULTSExpression of COX‐2 was detected in 36% of breast carcinoma samples and was associated significantly with several clinicopathologic parameters, including positive lymph node status (P < 0.0005), larger tumor size (P < 0.0005), poor differentiation (P < 0.0005), vascular invasion (P = 0.03), and negative estrogen receptor status (P = 0.04). In contrast, COX‐1 was expressed in 45% of tumors and was associated with smaller tumor size (P = 0.02) and with negative lymph node status (P = 0.01). In a univariate survival analysis, a significant association was observed between elevated COX‐2 expression and decreases in disease‐free survival (P = 0.0007) and overall survival (P = 0.02). In a multivariate analysis, expression of COX‐2 was of borderline significance for disease‐free survival (relative risk, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–3.59), adjusting for tumor size, histologic grade, number of positive lymph nodes, and patient age. Elevated expression of COX‐1 in tumor tissue had no statistically significant influence on patient prognosis.CONCLUSIONSThe current data suggest that increased expression of COX‐2 may play a role in the progression of primary breast carcinoma. It remains to be investigated whether treatment with selective inhibitors of COX‐2 may be an additional therapeutic option for patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:2978–87. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11437
Cancer in the Minnesota Hmong population
Authors: Ross Julie A. , Xie Yang , Kiffmeyer William R. , Bushhouse Sally , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Hmong are an isolated, agrarian people who settled in the mountainous regions of what today are Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. After the Vietnam War, many Hmong were relocated to the U.S. Minnesota has the second largest population (after California) of Hmong individuals. The objective of this study was to examine cancer incidence in this population, because it may indicate areas for targeted surveillance and intervention.METHODSThe Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System database was screened for Hmong surnames, and proportional incidence ratios (PIRs) were calculated for the period 1988–1999.RESULTSCompared with all Minnesotans, the Hmong population had increased PIRs for nasopharyngeal cancer (PIR, 39.39; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21.01–66.86), gastric cancer (PIR, 8.70; 95% CI, 5.39–13.25), hepatic cancer (PIR, 8.08; 95% CI, 3.88–14.71), and cervical cancer (PIR, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.04–6.20) and had decreased PIRs for prostate cancer, breast cancer, Hodgkin disease, and melanoma.CONCLUSIONSThe current observations have implications for cancer control interventions. In particular, an increased incidence of cervical cancer might be addressed in part by targeting culturally sensitive screening programs in the Hmong population. Cancer 2003;97:3076–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11443
Cancer incidence in the U.S. radiologic technologists health study, 1983–1998
Authors: Sigurdson Alice J. , Doody Michele Morin , Rao R. Sowmya , Freedman D. Michal , Alexander Bruce H. , Hauptmann Michael , Mohan Aparna K. , Yoshinaga Shinji , Hill Deirdre A. , Tarone Robert , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Ron Elaine , Linet Martha S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDWorkers exposed to low doses of radiation can provide information regarding cancer risks that are of public concern. However, characterizing risk at low doses requires large populations and ideally should include a large proportion of women, both of which rarely are available.METHODSAmong 90,305 radiologic technologists in the U.S. (77% women) who were followed during 1983–1998, data concerning incident cancer occurrence was obtained from mailed questionnaires and from death records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed using age‐specific, gender‐specific, race‐specific, and calendar year‐specific cancer rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.RESULTSThe SIR for all cancers in both genders combined was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00–1.07; n = 3292 technologists). Female technologists had an elevated risk for all solid tumors combined (SIR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.10; n = 2168 women) and for breast cancers (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09–1.23; n = 970 women), melanoma (SIR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43–1.89; n = 181 women), and thyroid cancers (SIR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.24–1.83; n = 107 women). Male technologists experienced a decreased risk for solid tumors (SIR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85–0.98; n = 755 men); however, melanoma (SIR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00–1.79; n = 56 men) and thyroid cancers (SIR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.29–3.59; n = 17 men) were increased. Among both genders, the risks were decreased for buccal cavity/pharyngeal cancers (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55–0.90; n = 54 technologists), rectal cancers (SIR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.76; n = 53 technologists), and lung cancers (SIR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.70–0.85; n = 307 technologists).CONCLUSIONSThe elevated risk for breast cancer may have been related to occupational radiation exposure. The observed excesses of melanoma and thyroid cancers may reflect, at least in part, earlier detection among medical workers with easy access to health care. Cancer 2003;97:3080–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11444
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of oprelvekin (recombinant human interleukin‐11) for secondary prophylaxis of thrombocytopenia in solid tumor patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Cantor Scott B. , Elting Linda S. , Hudson David V. , Rubenstein Edward B 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious research has shown oprelvekin (recombinant human interleukin‐11 [rhIL‐11]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in patients who have previously experienced thrombocytopenia. The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia have not been compared.METHODSThe authors constructed a decision‐analytic model to compare the alternatives of rhIL‐11 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from rhIL‐11 into the analysis. Quality‐of‐life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective.RESULTSThe expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe thrombocytopenia (transfusion when platelets < 20,000 μL−1) was $3495 for a 3‐week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic rhIL‐11 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of $5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of rhIL‐11 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the rhIL‐11 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of rhIL‐11 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring.CONCLUSIONSFrom the payer's perspective, rhIL‐11 cannot be considered a cost‐saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for patients with severe chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia. Cancer 2003;97:3099–106. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11447
Quality‐of‐life–adjusted survival comparison of sustained‐release cytosine arabinoside versus intrathecal methotrexate for treatment of solid tumor neoplastic meningitis
Authors: Cole Bernard F. , Glantz Michael J. , Jaeckle Kurt A. , Chamberlain Marc C. , Mackowiak John I. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors compared the quality of life of patients with solid tumor neoplastic meningitis treated in a controlled trial that compared conventional intrathecal methotrexate with a depot cytosine arabinoside liposomal injection (DepoCyt). The authors evaluated the trade‐off between toxicity and improved clinical outcome.METHODSQuality‐adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity (Q‐TWiST) analysis was used to evaluate data collected prospectively from a randomized clinical trial that compared DepoCyt with methotrexate. Sixty‐one patients with confirmed solid tumor neoplastic meningitis were randomized to receive either methotrexate or DepoCyt.RESULTSWithin the 12‐month follow‐up, the average patient in the DepoCyt arm (compared with the methotrexate arm) achieved 71 more days of neurologic progression‐free survival and 52 more days of overall survival, but experienced slightly more days with toxicity. The DepoCyt regimen provided greater quality‐adjusted survival regardless of the quality‐of‐life valuations placed on time with toxicity and time following disease progression (range, 44–79 days). This gain was significant (P < 0.05) for all patients except for those who placed a high relative value on time following disease progression.CONCLUSIONSThe clinical benefits of DepoCyt offset a trend toward additional toxicity among patients with sold tumor neoplastic meningitis. The magnitude of the benefit depends on how the patient values time spent in toxicity and disease progression. The results of this analysis can be used at the bedside to make evidence‐based individual treatment decisions. Cancer 2003;97:3053–60. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11449
Nuclear accumulation of basic fibroblast growth factor in human astrocytic tumors
Authors: Fukui Shinji , Nawashiro Hiroshi , Otani Naoki , Ooigawa Hidetoshi , Nomura Namiko , Yano Akiko , Miyazawa Takahito , Ohnuki Akira , Tsuzuki Nobusuke , Katoh Hiroshi , Ishihara Shoichiro , Shima Katsuji 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors recently reported that nuclear accumulation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) demonstrated a significant correlation with recurrence of pituitary adenomas. The current study sought to determine whether nuclear bFGF accumulation was a predictor of survival in patients with astrocytic tumors.METHODSThe authors examined 52 patients with primary astrocytic tumors. Immunohistochemical assays for bFGF, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were performed. Immunoreactivity of bFGF in nuclei was recorded in terms of the bFGF nuclear index (NI), which was calculated as the percentage of tumor cells with nuclear immunoreactivity. Western blot analysis of bFGF in nuclear fractions was performed.RESULTSThe bFGF NI had a mean value of 35.1% and was < 30% (low NI) in 27 patients and ≥ 30% (high NI) in 25 patients. In all cases, FGFR1 immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus. Western blot analysis indicated that the nuclear fractions from tumor specimens with high NI contained high–molecular‐weight bFGF. Univariate analyses showed that age, tumor histology, gender, and bFGF NI were significantly correlated with patient survival. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that NI had the greatest influence (P = 0.0073) on survival rate, compared with age (P = 0.0083) and gender (P = 0.0492). Compared with low NI, high NI was associated with a relative risk of 3.292.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study suggest that bFGF NI may be a useful predictor of survival in patients with astrocytic tumors. Cancer 2003;97:3061–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11450
Measurement of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels as a predictor of radiation response in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Ohno Tatsuya , Nakayama Yuko , Nakamoto Soken , Kato Shingo , Imai Reiko , Nonaka Tetsuo , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Harashima Koichi , Suzuki Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDOptimal timing of the measurement of serum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen during radiation therapy (RT) and its significance for predicting the response of cervical carcinoma patients as early as possible remain unknown.METHODSSixty‐three patients with SCC of the uterine cervix who received RT only were studied. Patients were treated with a combination of external beam irradiation and high‐dose rate intracavitary irradiation. The serum SCC antigen level was measured before, every 2 or 3 weeks during, and 1 or 2 months after RT. Clinical outcome was divided into complete response and incomplete response.RESULTSForty‐seven patients (74.6%) had serum SCC antigen levels 1.5 ng/mL (the reference value) before RT. Normalization of serum SCC antigen levels at the end of RT were found to be significantly correlated with complete response in the SCC‐positive patients. It was especially noted that in patients with serum SCC levels between 5–30 ng/mL before RT, a > 70% decrease in the serum SCC antigen level at 4 weeks was correlated significantly with complete response. In this group, a significant correlation also was found between a > 70% decrease in serum SCC level at 4 weeks and the normalization of SCC at the end of RT.CONCLUSIONSThe current study data suggest that the serum SCC antigen level not only before, but also during and at the end of RT can predict the response of patients with cervical carcinoma and help in identifying those patients who are at high risk of local recurrence and/or distant metastasis. Cancer 2003;97:3114–20. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11453
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high‐grade central osteosarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Bacci Gaetano , Bertoni Franco , Longhi Alessandra , Ferrari Stefano , Forni Cristiana , Biagini Roberto , Bacchini Patrizia , Donati Davide , Manfrini Marco , Bernini Gabriella , Lari Stefano 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn primary central high‐grade osteosarcoma, a number of distinct subtypes have been identified, but little is known about the response to chemotherapy.METHODSThe authors investigated whether the subtypes correlated with histologic response to chemotherapy in 1058 patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy over the last 20 years. The tumors were classified as osteoblastic (70%), chondroblastic (13%), fibroblastic (9%), and telangiectatic (6%). At diagnosis, 911 patients had localized disease and 147 had resectable lung metastases.RESULTSThe response to preoperative chemotherapy was good (90% or more tumor necrosis) in 59% of patients and poor (< 90% tumor necrosis) in 41% of patients. The rate of good responses was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) in the fibroblastic (83%) and telangiectatic (80%) tumors and significantly lower in chondroblastic tumors (43%). Prognosis was significantly correlated with the histologic subtypes. The 5‐year overall survival rate was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) in fibroblastic (83%) and telangiectatic (75%) tumors than in osteoblastic (62%) and chondroblastic (60%) tumors. In all subtypes, except for the chondroblastic subtype, the 5‐year overall survival rate was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) in good responders P = 0.0001 (68%) than in poor responders (52%).CONCLUSIONSThe authors concluded that the histologic subtype of primary central high‐grade osteosarcoma of the extremity was strictly correlated with histologic response to chemotherapy and probably, as a consequence, also with prognosis. Further studies are needed to establish whether these results justify a specific therapeutic approach based on the histologic subtype of the tumor. Cancer 2003;97:3068–75. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11456
A safe and effective method for converting patients from transdermal to intravenous fentanyl for the treatment of acute cancer‐related pain
Authors: Kornick Craig A. , Santiago‐Palma Juan , Schulman Glenn , O'Brien Peter C. , Weigand Stephen , Payne Richard , Manfredi Paolo L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe delayed effects (12–16 hours) of transdermal fentanyl make dose titration difficult during acute exacerbations of cancer pain. Patients at the authors' institution routinely are switched from transdermal to intravenous (IV) fentanyl using a 1:1 (transdermal:IV) conversion during severe episodes of pain.METHODSThe authors evaluated nine consecutive hospitalized patients with cancer who had severe pain for up to 6 days following the conversion from transdermal to IV fentanyl. Pain intensity was rated using an 11‐point (0–10) verbal numeric rating scale (NRS). All 9 patients initially reported their pain intensity with movement as ≥ 8 during treatment with transdermal fentanyl. Eight patients initially reported their pain at rest as ≥ 8. In each patient, all transdermal patches were removed, and a continuous infusion (CI) delivering IV fentanyl at the same hourly rate was initiated simultaneously. Demand boluses of IV fentanyl equivalent in dosage to 50–100% of the CI rate remained available by patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA). Pain intensity (0–10), sedation (0–3), and hourly fentanyl requirements (micrograms per hour) were assessed and recorded immediately prior to patch removal and at least once daily after the initiation of IV fentanyl. The CI and demand boluses were titrated whenever necessary on the basis of pain intensity and supplemental PCA use.RESULTSAll 9 patients reported mild levels (≤ 4) of pain at rest within 5 days. The median time to achieve mild levels of pain at rest was 1.5 days. Six patients achieved mild levels of pain with movement within 3 days. Three patients never achieved mild levels of pain with movement while receiving IV fentanyl. No serious side effects were reported.CONCLUSIONSThe conversion from transdermal to IV fentanyl can be accomplished safely and effectively using a 1:1 (transdermal:IV) conversion during acute exacerbations of cancer pain. Cancer 2003;97:3121–4. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11457
Role of neurosecretory cells in the photoperiodic induction of pupal diapause of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta
Authors: Shiga Sakiko , Davis Norman T. , Hildebrand John G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, pupal diapause can be induced by exposure of fifth‐instar larvae to a short‐day photoperiod. We studied the effect of surgical ablation of tissues containing the neurosecretory cells of the brain of fifth‐instar larvae on the photoperiodic induction of pupal diapause. At the end of the experiments, we immunostained the neurosecretory cells to determine the success of the ablations. Under long‐day conditions (LD 16:8 at 22°C), all intact larvae, most of the sham‐operated larvae, and control‐operated larvae developed into nondiapausing pupae. Under short‐day conditions (LD 10:14 at 22°C), most intact, sham‐operated, and control‐operated larvae developed into diapausing pupae. Removal of type‐II cells did not interfere with the photoperiodic response. Under long‐day conditions, elimination of type‐Ia1 cells did not affect the incidence of nondiapausing pupae. When type‐Ia1 cells were removed under short‐day conditions, however, the incidence of nondiapausing pupae was higher (51%, n = 41) than that of the intact (16%, n = 75), sham‐operated (24%, n = 88), control‐operated larvae (5%, n = 40), and larvae with type‐II cells removed (11%, n = 27). Thus, removal of type‐Ia1 cells can impede induction of diapause. These results indicate that the type‐Ia1 neurosecretory cells have an important role in the induction of pupal diapause. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:275–285, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marked loss of myelinated nerve fibers in the human brain with age
Authors: Marner Lisbeth , Nyengaard Jens R. , Tang Yong , Pakkenberg Bente 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe white matter is the structure of the brain that declines most with age—almost 30%, but little is known about the age‐effect on the fibers that constitute the white matter. In the present study, the total length of myelinated fibers was measured with a newly developed stereologic method. Specimens came from 36 normal Danes (18 males and 18 females) with an age ranging between 18 and 93 years. Samples were taken systematically and randomly from the white matter, and the biopsy specimens were randomly rotated before sectioning to avoid bias due to the anisotropic nature of nerve fibers. The fibers were counted at light microscopic level at approximately 10,000× magnification, and the diameter of each counted fiber was measured to get the diameter distribution. Males were found to have a total myelinated fiber length of 176,000 km at the age of 20 and 97,200 km at the age of 80, whereas the total length in females was 149,000 km at the age of 20 and 82,000 km at the age of 80. This finding corresponds to a 10% decrease per decade or a total decrease of 45% from the age of 20 to 80 years, and a sex difference of 16%. The fiber diameter distribution showed that primarily the thinner fibers were lost with a relative preservation of the thicker ones. The marked loss of myelinated nerve fibers with age could explain some of the cognitive decline seen in the elderly. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:144–152, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regeneration of myenteric plexus in the mouse colon after experimental denervation with benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Hanani Menachem , Ledder Oren , Yutkin Vladimir , Abu‐Dalu Ribhi , Huang Tian‐Ying , Härtig Wolfgang , Vannucchi Maria‐Giuliana , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria‐Simonetta 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRecent reports suggest a far greater plasticity in nerve tissue than previously believed. As the digestive tract is exposed to a variety of insults, this question is relevant to enteric nerves, but little is known about their ability to recover from damage. To address this problem, we ablated the myenteric plexus of the mouse colon with the detergent benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and followed the ensuing morphologic changes for up to 60 days by using light‐ and electron microscopy. We found that, 2 days after BAC application, the treated area was essentially devoid of intact nerve elements. From day 7, new nerve fibers were observed within the denervated region. This growth progressed until, at days 30–60, newly grown nerve fibers were present in most of this region, and the pattern of muscle innervation was similar to the normal one. At least part of these fibers originated at neurons within intact ganglia surrounding the denervated region. The cross‐sectional area of neurons near the denervated region at day 14 was 52% greater than controls. Glial cells were closely associated with the regenerating nerve fibers. From day 14 onward, we observed undifferentiated cells and differentiating neurons in ganglia surrounding the denervated region, and by day 30, new neurons were present in the myenteric region, along with regenerating nerve fibers. We conclude that the myenteric plexus is endowed with a considerable ability of regeneration and plasticity. The results provide evidence for the presence of stem cells and for an adult neurogenesis in this plexus. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:315–327, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.