bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grandmother Effects Over the Finnish Demographic Transition
Authors: Chapman Simon N. , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Demographic transitions are defining events for human societies, marking shifts from natural mortality and fertility rates to the low rates seen in industrialised populations. These transitions can affect trait evolution through altering the direction and strength of selection when variance in fertility and mortality decline. One key feature of human evolution is the evolution of extended post-reproductive life through indirect fitness benefits from grandmothering. Although studies in pre- and post-transition societies have documented beneficial grandmother presence, it remains unknown whether these associations changed before, during, or after the transition. Here, we use genealogical data from 18th-20th century Finland to show grandmother-associated changes of two measures of evolutionary fitness (grandchild survival and birth rate) over the transition. We find grandmothers had greater opportunity to help as the transition progressed, but their effect on grandchild survival declined alongside general mortality rates, implying that selection on lifespan from grandmothering declined too. Whilst grandmother presence was still associated with reduced birth intervals and hence more grandchildren born post-transition, the nature of this relationship changed greatly. This suggests that though potential for intergenerational interactions increased over the demographic transition, the (hypothesised) evolutionary importance of these interactions declined, which reduced selection for extended post-reproductive lifespan.
Trends in ultra-processed food availability and its association with diet-related non-communicable disease health indicators in the Portuguese population
Authors: Pereira de Araújo Taissa , de Moraes Milena Miranda , Afonso Cláudia , Rodrigues Sara Simões Pereira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBroad variations in dietary and physical activity patterns are part of nutritional transition concept. An additional nutritional transition has as main characteristic the change of consumption of processed foods for ultra-processed foods (UPF). This study aims to evaluate trends of UPF availability in Portuguese population and its association with diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCD) health indicators. This ecological study used data from the Household Budget Surveys conducted by the National Statistics Institute each 5 years within a national representative sample of households. The percentage of UPF was calculated based on the total daily amount of food and beverages available per capita (in grams). Data from the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 were used, which were retrieved from DAFNE-Anemos Software. NCD age-standardised mortality, prevalence and incidence were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database, for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Between 1990 and 2005, the UPF availability increased from 3·9 % to 13·8 %. Over the years, almost all food and beverages categories increased the UPF availability contribution, mainly noticeable for milk, sugar, cereal and meat products. Positive correlations were observed between UPF availability and digestive diseases both in prevalence (r = 0·062; P = 0·037) and incidence (r = 0·005; P = 0·010) measures. Neoplasms incidence also showed positive correlation with UPF availability (r = 0·002; P = 0·012). Trends in UPF availability in Portugal increased exponentially. At the same time, there is a trend towards a decrease in unprocessed and processed food availability. The Portuguese population should be made aware of the health risks resulting from excessive consumption of UPF.
Fishy windows to an Arctic city: Urban (in)visibilities of global fisheries in Tromsø
Authors: Haapala Auni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although “urban” and “fisheries” are not commonly paired in the analyses of either urbanism or fisheries governance, today’s large-scale fisheries are often closely organised in connection with cities. In this paper, I build on a feminist perspective and urban studies to examine the makings of a city through contemporary fisheries. Drawing upon observations and interviews conducted in Tromsø, Norway, which is a key site for Arctic fisheries, I review how fish and fisheries are simultaneously made visible and invisible in urban spheres. By analysing the gendered structures and valuations that organise the city–fisheries relations, I introduce three “fishy” windows to demonstrate the kinds of development and future pathways for fisheries that are considered relevant and rational in and for the city. In particular, I discuss how the historical, techno-masculine narratives of mastering Arctic nature frame and legitimise fisheries practices as they expand throughout Tromsø. The study builds on the emerging research on Arctic urbanism to highlight the need to better integrate gendered analyses of the “urban” into social science research on natural resource extraction.
The joint effects of genetic liability and the death of close relatives on risk for major depression and alcohol use disorder in a Swedish national sample
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Lönn Sara L. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether genetic risk factors for major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) interact with a potent stressor – death of spouse, parent, and sibling – in predicting episodes of, respectively, MD and AUD.MethodsMD and AUD registrations were assessed from national Swedish registries. In individuals born in Sweden 1960–1970, we identified 7586, 388 459, and 34 370 with the loss of, respectively, a spouse, parent, and sibling. We started following subjects at age 18 or the year 2002 with end of follow-up in 2018. We examined time to event – a registration for MD within 6 months or AUD within a year – on an additive scale, using the Nelson–Aalen estimator. Genetic risk was assessed by the Family Genetic Risk Score (FGRS).ResultsIn separate models controlling for the main effects of death of spouse, parent, and sibling, FGRS, and sex, significant interactions were seen in all analyses between genetic risk for MD and death of relative in prediction of subsequent MD registration. A similar pattern of results, albeit with weaker interaction effects, was seen for genetic risk for AUD and risk for AUD registration. Genetic risk for bipolar disorder (BD) and anxiety disorders (AD) also interacted with event exposure in predicting MD.ConclusionsGenetic risk for both MD and AUD act in part by increasing the sensitivity of individuals to the pathogenic effects of environmental stressors. For prediction of MD, similar effects are also seen for genetic risk for AD and BD.
Within-individual relationships between mother-to-infant bonding and postpartum depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study
Authors: Hiraoka Daiki , Kawanami Akiko , Sakurai Kenichi , Mori Chisato 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the importance of the dynamic intra-individual relationship between mother-to-infant bonding and postpartum depressive symptoms has been widely recognized, the complex interplay between them is not well understood. Furthermore, the potential role of prenatal depressive symptoms and infant temperament in this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to examine the bidirectional influence of mother-to-infant bonding on postpartum depressive symptoms within individuals and to elucidate whether prenatal depressive symptoms and infant temperament would influence deviations from stable individual states.MethodsLongitudinal data were collected from 433 women in early pregnancy. Of these, 360 participants completed the main questionnaires measuring impaired mother-to-infant bonding and postpartum depressive symptoms at least once during the postpartum period. Data were collected at early and late pregnancy and several postpartum time points: shortly after birth and at one, four, ten, and 18 months postpartum. We also assessed prenatal depressive symptoms and infant temperament. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used.ResultsWithin-individual variability in mother-to-infant bonding, especially anger and rejection, significantly predicted subsequent postpartum depressive symptoms. However, the inverse relationship was not significant. Additionally, prenatal depressive symptoms and difficult infant temperament were associated with greater within-individual variability in impaired mother-to-infant bonding and postpartum depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that the within-individual relationship between mother-to-infant bonding and postpartum depressive symptoms is likely non-bidirectional. The significance of the findings is underscored by the potential for interventions aimed at improving mother-to-infant bonding to alleviate postpartum depressive symptoms, suggesting avenues for future research and practice.
The gig economy, platform work, and social policy: food delivery workers’ occupational welfare dilemma in Hong Kong
Authors: Au-Yeung Tat Chor , Chan Chris King-Chi , Ming Cham Kit Keith , Tsui Wing Yin Anna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Previous literature suggests that the gig economy and platform work pose challenges to social policy, including the welfare entitlement issues caused by workers’ ambiguous occupational status. Focusing on the government’s regulatory role, this study investigates platform workers’ occupational welfare (OW) by conducting in-depth interviews with forty-six food delivery workers in Hong Kong. The evidence reveals workers’ occupational risks resulting from platforms’ algorithmic devices and the misclassification of independent contractors. The denied access to private occupational pensions was considered acceptable by workers because of the perceived irrelevance of OW. While interviewees emphasised time-based flexibility as a key intangible benefit, the shifting business costs to self-employed workers was highlighted as a disadvantage. A policy dilemma appears between strengthening state regulation/protection and maintaining workers’ temporal autonomy. Arguably, the platformisation of work is translated into the gigification of OW, disentitling platform workers’ employer-provided welfare and labour protection. Platforms possess monopolising power over workers, the state displays weak regulatory power to monitor platforms, and workers’ occupational citizenship is undermined by the government’s minimal intervention. This study contributes to the literature by linking OW to platform work and revealing how the gig economy reshapes social policy, empirically offering a worker-centred analysis of OW in Hong Kong.
Ethics Education in Health Sciences Should Engage Contentious Social Issues: Here Is Why and How
Authors: Tilburt Jon , Hafferty Fred , Leep Hunderfund Andrea , Meltzer Ellen , Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTeaching ethics is crucial to health sciences education. Doing it well requires a willingness to engage contentious social issues. Those issues introduce conflict and risk, but avoiding them ignores moral diversity and renders the work of ethics education irrelevant. Therefore, when (not if) contentious issues and moral differences arise, they must be acknowledged and can be addressed with humility, collegiality, and openness to support learning. Faculty must risk moments when not everyone will “feel safe,” so the candor implied in psychological safety can emerge. The deliberative and social work of ethics education involves generous listening, wading into difference, and wondering together if our beliefs and arguments are as sound as we once thought. By forecasting the need for candid engagement with contentious issues and moral difference, establishing ground rules, and bolstering due process structures for faculty and students, a riskier and more relevant ethics pedagogy can emerge. Doing so will prepare everyone for the moral diversity they can expect in our common life and in practice.
The Serial as Episteme
Authors: Hughes Linda K. 
Published: January 2024

In the epilogue to Serial Forms, Clare Pettitt identifies key elements of the “form” she investigates in her massively detailed, deeply original study:
The serial is both form and process, and, to stay true to its form, it has to continue. Escaping form just as it is formed, the serial “begins again to begin.” . . . [S]eriality appears in different but related guises: it can be a form; a genre; a system; a technology; and it can also be a strategy; a philosophy; a mode. But wherever it appears, a distinct interrelation of its parts and a recognizable forward movement mark it as serial. Seriality was the single most important “form” to emerge out of the eighteenth century and into the nineteenth. (293)
The environmental impact of beef and ultra-processed food consumption in Brazil
Authors: da Cruz Gabriela Lopes , da Costa Louzada Maria Laura , Silva Jacqueline Tereza da , Maria Fellegger Garzillo Josefa , Rauber Fernanda , Schmidt Rivera Ximena , Reynolds Christian , Levy Renata Bertazzi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study evaluated the independent and combined environmental impacts of the consumption of beef and ultra-processed foods in Brazil.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Brazil.

Participants:
We used food purchases data from a national household budget survey conducted between July 2017 and July 2018, representing all Brazilian households. Food purchases were converted into energy, carbon footprints and water footprints. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association between quintiles of beef and ultra-processed foods in total energy purchases and the environmental footprints, controlling for sociodemographic variables.

Results:
Both beef and ultra-processed foods had a significant linear association with carbon and water footprints (P < 0·01) in crude and adjusted models. In the crude upper quintile of beef purchases, carbon and water footprints were 47·7 % and 30·8 % higher, respectively, compared to the lower quintile. The upper quintile of ultra-processed food purchases showed carbon and water footprints 14·4 % and 22·8 % higher, respectively, than the lower quintile. The greatest reduction in environmental footprints would occur when both beef and ultra-processed food purchases are decreased, resulting in a 21·1 % reduction in carbon footprint and a 20·0 % reduction in water footprint.

Conclusions:
Although the environmental footprints associated with beef consumption are higher, dietary patterns with lower consumption of beef and ultra-processed foods combined showed the greatest reduction in carbon and water footprints in Brazil. The high consumption of beef and ultra-processed foods is harmful to human health, as well as to the environment; thus, their reduction is beneficial to both.
The Evolution of Digital Trade Law: Insights from TAPED
Authors: Burri Mira , Vásquez Callo-Müller María , Kugler Kholofelo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article discusses and contextualizes the very recent advancements in digital trade regulation based on the insights provided by the Trade Agreement Provisions on Electronic-commerce and Data (TAPED) dataset. Within the time frame of January 2020 to November 2023 that we analyze, digital trade negotiations have increased in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) significantly, and there has been a sharp rise in the negotiation of new types of treaties, known as ‘Digital Economy Agreements’. Beyond the critical advances in substantive rulemaking, we observe non-traditional actors stepping into the gap left by the shifting interest of traditional rulemakers to craft rules that best fit their policy priorities. Additionally, we see a broadening of topics beyond conventional digital trade matters, underscored by commitments of limited legal enforceability. The TAPED dataset has been updated to reflect these recent developments, emphasizing the importance of regular reviews to stay current and accurately inform research and policymaking in the area of digital trade regulation.
Reply to Comment on “Five Decades of Observed Daily Precipitation Reveal Longer and More Variable Drought Events Across Much of the Western United States”
Authors: Biederman Joel A. , Zhang Fangyue , Dannenberg Matthew P. , Yan Dong , Reed Sasha C. , Smith William K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPaciorek and Wehner raise important questions around our use of the Mann‐Kendall nonparametric trend test on smoothed data for analyzing long‐term hydrometeorological trends in Zhang et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl092293). We thank them for initiating this important conversation and their gracious cooperation in exploring the issues addressed in their comment. In this reply we confirm the inflation of significant p‐values by our choice to smooth, illustrate the relatively minor impacts on the main conclusions of our paper, and add our voices to those of Paciorek and Wehner in highlighting the lack of methodology for hypothesis testing across multiple stations that have spatial structure (i.e., testing for regionally consistent trends).
The Dominant Role of the Summer Hemisphere in Subtropical Lower Stratospheric Wave Drag Trends
Authors: Abalos Marta , Randel William J. , Garcia Rolando R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is well established that the shallow branch of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation accelerates in a warming climate due to enhanced wave drag in the subtropical lower stratosphere. This has been linked to the strengthening of the upper flanks of the subtropical jets. However, the seasonality of the zonal wind trends, peaking in the winter hemisphere, is opposite to that of the Eliassen‐Palm flux convergence trends, peaking in summer. We investigate the seasonality in the wave drag trends and find a different behavior for each hemisphere. The Shepherd and McLandress (2011, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3608.1) mechanism, involving transient wave dissipation at higher levels following the rise of the critical lines, is found to maximize in austral summer. On the other hand, in the Northern Hemisphere the wave drag increase peaks in summer primarily due to the changes in the stationary planetary waves (monsoonal circulations) associated with enhanced deep convection.
The Cause of Negative CO2 Forcing at the Top‐Of‐Atmosphere: The Role of Stratospheric Versus Tropospheric Temperature Inversions
Authors: Chen Yan‐Ting , Merlis Timothy M. , Huang Yi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere usually reduces Earth's outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The unusual case of Antarctica, where CO2 enhances OLR and implies a negative forcing, has previously been explained by the strong near‐surface inversion or extremely low surface temperature. However, negative forcing can occasionally be found in the Arctic and tropics where neither of these explanations applies. Here, we examine the changes in infrared opacity from CO2 doubling in these low or negative forcing climate states, which shows the predominant role of the stratospheric contribution to the broadband forcing. Negative forcing in today's climate demands a combination of strong negative forcing caused by a steep stratospheric temperature inversion and a weaker positive forcing in the atmospheric window, which can be caused by a low surface temperature or a strong high cloud masking effect. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the near‐surface inversion has little impact on the forcing.
Detailed Assessment of Multiple‐Scattering Effects on Night‐Sky Brightness Modeling in Turbid Environments: The Impact of Truncation and Convergence Errors
Authors: Kocifaj M. , Wallner S. , Gueymard C. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDetailed modeling of the night‐sky brightness (NSB) is needed to pinpoint environmental impacts caused by artificial light at night. This becomes progressively more intricate with longer distances to emission sources or under high atmospheric turbidity. In such cases, the multiple‐scattering processes that affect light propagation become increasingly critical. To detect and quantify the potential errors caused by popular approximations like single or double scattering in current models, a rigorous multiple‐scattering model is used here. It integrates an advanced method of resolution based on the successive orders of scattering that can provide analytical “exact” solutions. With this tool, it is found that simplistic approaches lead to numerical predictions violating physics principles, resulting in incorrect outcomes that can have profound implications in a large variety of research areas. To avoid this, it is proposed to force the convergence of the modeled radiance to its true value through a carefully controlled process, by which the contribution from the remaining higher‐scattering terms to the modeled radiative property is kept below the specified error tolerance. For green light, it is found that, for a turbid atmosphere with an aerosol optical depth larger than 0.3 and an asymmetry parameter exceeding 0.7, four scattering orders are needed to compute the zenith radiance 60‐km away from the light source within an experimental error tolerance of 10%.
Novel Bacteroides Vulgatus strain protects against gluten-induced break of human celiac gut epithelial homeostasis: a pre-clinical proof-of-concept study
Authors: Tran Tina , Senger Stefania , Baldassarre Mariella , Brosnan Rachel A. , Cristofori Fernanda , Crocco Marco , De Santis Stefania , Elli Luca , Faherty Christina S. , Francavilla Ruggero , Goodchild-Michelman Isabella , Kenyon Victoria A. , Leonard Maureen M. , Lima Rosiane S. , Malerba Federica , Montuori Monica , Morelli Annalisa , Norsa Lorenzo , Passaro Tiziana , Piemontese Pasqua , Reed James C. , Sansotta Naire , Valitutti Francesco , Zomorrodi Ali R. , Fasano Alessio ,   CDGEMM Team, Forchielli Maria Luisa , Serretiello Adelaide , Vecchi Corrado , de Villasante Gemma Castillejo , Venutolo Giorgia , Malamisura Basilio , Calvi Angela , Lionetti Maria Elena , Baldassarre Mariella , Trovato Chiara Maria , Pietropaoli Nicoletta , Perrone Michela , Raguseo Lidia Celeste , Catassi Carlo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
We have identified a decreased abundance of microbial species known to have a potential anti-inflammatory, protective effect in subjects that developed Celiac Disease (CeD) compared to those who did not. We aim to confirm the potential protective role of one of these species, namely Bacteroides vulgatus, and to mechanistically establish the effect of bacterial bioproducts on gluten-dependent changes on human gut epithelial functions.

Methods
We identified, isolated, cultivated, and sequenced a unique novel strain (20220303-A2) of B. vulgatus found only in control subjects. Using a human gut organoid system developed from pre-celiac patients, we monitored epithelial phenotype and innate immune cytokines at baseline, after exposure to gliadin, or gliadin plus B. vulgatus cell free supernatant (CFS).

Results
Following gliadin exposure, we observed increases in epithelial cell death, epithelial monolayer permeability, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These effects were mitigated upon exposure to B. vulgatus 20220303-A2 CFS, which had matched phenotype gene product mutations. These protective effects were mediated by epigenetic reprogramming of the organoids treated with B. vulgatus CFS.

Conclusions
We identified a unique strain of B. vulgatus that may exert a beneficial role by protecting CeD epithelium against a gluten-induced break of epithelial tolerance through miRNA reprogramming.

Impact

Gut dysbiosis precedes the onset of celiac disease in genetically at-risk infants.

This dysbiosis is characterized by the loss of protective bacterial strains in those children who will go on to develop celiac disease.

The paper reports the mechanism by which one of these protective strains, B. vulgatus, ameliorates the gluten-induced break of gut epithelial homeostasis by epigenetically re-programming the target intestinal epithelium involving pathways controlling permeability, immune response, and cell turnover.