bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second‐rank tensors for quasi‐1D periodical electromagnetic structures described by magnetic‐line groups
Authors: Dmitriev V. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA method for calculation of the second rank constitutive tensors for symmetrical magnetic quasi‐1D structures in the long‐wavelength approximation is discussed. These structures are, for example, polymers, nanotubes, multilayer films. The method is based on the group theory. Line magnetic groups are used to find the possible forms of the tensors. Examples of the calculated tensors for some groups are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 152–155, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11154
Scattering of inhomogeneous cylinders by circuital analysis
Authors: Peñaranda‐Foix Felipe L. , Ferrando‐Bataller Miguel 
Published: August 2003

AbstractCircuital analysis theory is applied to solve problems of electromagnetic diffraction in nonhomogeneous cylinders. The MAG of a simple element, the circular sector, is calculated as the primary element in the segmentation of greater problems. Circuital theory applied to these problems allows us to resolve problems of greater size and difficulty. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 155–159, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11155
Accurate computer‐aided modeling of multilayer GaAs microstrip lines using a spectral‐domain method
Authors: Thakur Jay Prakash , Kedar Ashutosh , Gupta K. K. , Pandey A. K. , Vyas H. P. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractMultilayer microstrip lines are an integral part of MMIC. This paper presents an analysis of multilayer GaAs microstrip lines using a spectral‐domain method (SDM), taking into account the effect of the variation in the thickness of various layers of substrates on the characteristic impedance and the effective dielectric constant of the line. Some of the theoretical results are validated by the measured results on three‐layer GaAs microstrip lines, showing a close agreement within a 1% deviation over a large frequency range up to 20 GHz. The proposed CAD model is expected to provide an economical and fast CAD procedure for GaAs‐MMIC foundries. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 159–162, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11156
Optical code‐division multiplexing systems using common‐zero codes
Authors: Jau Liang‐Lin , Lee Yang‐Han 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA special architecture using a balance encoder and an on‐off‐keying (OOK) decoder is proposed for an optical code‐division multiplexing system. Different channels can use a common code to encode the zero bits. The constant interference of the system makes the decoder simpler and faster. The performance of the proposed system proves to be superior to that of the pure OOK system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 165–167, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11158
Evidence for at least three alternative mechanisms targeting the p16INK4A/cyclin D/Rb pathway in penile carcinoma, one of which is mediated by high‐risk human papillomavirus
Authors: Ferreux Emmanuelle , Lont Anne P , Horenblas Simon , Gallee Maarten PW , Raaphorst Frank M , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Meijer Chris JLM , Snijders Peter JF 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA comprehensive analysis of 53 penile carcinomas was performed to determine which mechanisms might be involved in the disruption of the p16INK4A/cyclin D/Rb pathway. To that end, human papillomavirus (HPV) presence, p16INK4A expression and promoter methylation, and expression of the BMI‐1 polycomb gene product were studied. Sixteen (30%) of the carcinomas were found to harbour high‐risk HPV DNA, 15 of which contained HPV 16. HPV 16 E6/E7 oncogene transcripts were detected in 13 (87%) of the carcinomas that contained HPV 16. Strong immunostaining for p16INK4A was significantly more frequent in carcinomas that contained high‐risk HPV DNA (p < 0.001) and amongst those with HPV 16 DNA, it was more frequent in lesions in which E6/E7 transcripts were detectable (p = 0.029). This supports an active role for HPV E7 in interfering with the p16INK4A/cyclin D/Rb pathway. Methylation of the p16INK4A promoter or overexpression of the BMI‐1 polycomb gene product may provide alternative modes of interference with this pathway. These phenomena were mutually exclusive and found in the absence of HPV in 15% and 10% of the penile carcinomas, respectively. These data indicate that there are at least three plausible mechanisms by which the p16INK4A/cyclin D/Rb pathway can become disrupted during penile carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of carbonic anhydrase‐related protein VIII in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Miyaji Eiki , Nishimori Isao , Taniuchi Keisuke , Takeuchi Tamotsu , Ohtsuki Yuji , Onishi Saburo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase‐related protein (CA‐RP) VIII, which is a member of the CA gene family, has been shown to have no catalytic CA activity and its biological function is still unknown. Recently, overexpression of CAs IX and XII has been reported in certain types of malignancy. To investigate a potential role for CA‐RP VIII in human colorectal epithelial carcinogenesis, colorectal tissue specimens from surgically resected adenocarcinomas (n = 60) and endoscopically polypectomized adenomas (n = 13) were analysed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to CA‐RP VIII and Ki‐67 antigen. Less than 5% of epithelial cells in normal colonic mucosae (n = 73) were CA‐RP VIII‐positive and these were localized to the deep part of the cryptal epithelium. Increased expression of CA‐RP VIII was observed in 78% of colorectal carcinomas. An intense signal was frequently observed at the tumour invasion front and its distribution was completely different from that of Ki‐67 antigen. Colorectal adenomas also showed significant immunopositivity for CA‐RP VIII, but its expression level was much lower than in adenocarcinomas. These findings suggest that CA‐RP VIII plays a role in the process of invasion in colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fas ligand and tumour counter‐attack in colorectal cancer stratified according to microsatellite instability status
Authors: Michael‐Robinson Julie M , Pandeya Nirmala , Cummings Margaret C , Walsh Michael D , Young Joanne P , Leggett Barbara A , Purdie David M , Jass Jeremy R , Radford‐Smith Graham L 
Published: August 2003

AbstractExpression of membrane‐bound Fas ligand (FasL) by colorectal cancer cells may allow the development of an immune‐privileged site by eliminating incoming tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a Fas‐mediated counter‐attack. Sporadic colorectal cancer can be subdivided into three groups based on the level of DNA microsatellite instability (MSI). High‐level MSI (MSI‐High) is characterized by the presence of TILs and a favourable prognosis, while microsatellite‐stable (MSS) cancers are TIL‐deficient and low‐level MSI (MSI‐Low) is associated with an intermediate TIL density. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between MSI status and FasL expression in primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry and a selected series of 101 cancers previously classified as 31 MSI‐High, 30 MSI‐Low, and 40 MSS, the present study sought to confirm the hypothesis that increased TIL density in MSI‐High cancers is associated with low or absent membrane‐bound FasL expression, while increased FasL in MSS cancers allows the killing of host TILs. TUNEL/CD3 double staining was also used to determine whether MSS cancers contain higher numbers of apoptotic TILs in vivo than MSI‐High or MSI‐Low cancers. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, it was found that MSI‐High cancers were associated with higher FasL expression (p = 0.04) and a stronger intensity of FasL staining (p = 0.007). In addition, mucinous carcinomas were independently characterized by increased FasL expression (p = 0.03) and staining intensity (p = 0.0005). Higher FasL expression and staining intensity did not correlate with reduced TIL density or increased numbers of apoptotic TILs. However, consistent with the hypothesis that curtailment of the host anti‐tumour immune response contributes to the poor prognosis in MSS cancers, it was found that apoptotic TILs were most abundant in MSS carcinomas and metastatic Dukes' stage C or D tumours (p = 0.004; p = 0.046 respectively). This study therefore suggests that MSS colorectal cancers are killing incoming TILs in an effective tumour counter‐attack, but apparently not via membrane‐bound FasL. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential mucosal expression of three superoxide dismutase isoforms in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kruidenier Laurens , Kuiper Ineke , van Duijn Wim , Marklund Stefan L , van Hogezand Ruud A , Lamers Cornelis BHW , Verspaget Hein W 
Published: August 2003

AbstractMucosal tissue damage and dysfunction in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are partly caused by an enduring exposure to excessive amounts of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs). Although the three human isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper/zinc (Cu/Zn)‐SOD, manganese (Mn)‐SOD, and extracellular (EC)‐SOD, form the primary endogenous defence against ROMs, their expression levels and cellular localization in IBD mucosa are largely unknown. The present study used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), spectrophotometric activity assays, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the protein concentration, enzymatic activity, and distribution of Cu/Zn‐, Mn‐, and EC‐SOD in paired inflamed and non‐inflamed mucosal resection specimens of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and compared these with the levels obtained in normal control mucosa. Gut mucosal SOD isoform expression was found to be differentially affected in IBD patients, without major differences between CD and UC. A marked step‐wise increase in Mn‐SOD protein levels was observed in non‐inflamed and inflamed IBD mucosae, whereas the Cu/Zn‐SOD content decreased with inflammation. EC‐SOD was only found in low amounts, which tended to be decreased in IBD patients. Immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed these observations. Mn‐SOD and Cu/Zn‐SOD were both predominantly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and the percentage of epithelial cells positive for Mn‐SOD was considerably increased in IBD, whereas epithelial Cu/Zn‐SOD expression was much less affected. Within the lamina propria, SOD expression was much lower. Cu/Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD were prominently present in neutrophils and macrophages, and EC‐SOD was mainly localized in small vessels, stromal cells, and neutrophils. The percentage of lamina propria cells positive for Cu/Zn‐, Mn‐, or EC‐SOD was not affected by inflammation. Enzyme activity measurements showed consistent results for Cu/Zn‐SOD and EC‐SOD, but the activity of Mn‐SOD did not concordantly increase with the immunological assessments, which may indicate that a proportion of the Mn‐SOD in IBD is present in an enzymatically inactive form. This study reveals remarkable changes in the expression levels of the three SOD isoforms in IBD, particularly in the epithelium. Disturbances in the carefully orchestrated mucosal antioxidant cascade may contribute to the induction and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation in IBD, and may have important implications for the development of antioxidant treatment of IBD patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in studies of benign prostate and prostate cancer. A pilot study
Authors: Gazi E , Dwyer J , Gardner P , Ghanbari‐Siahkali A , Wade AP , Miyan J , Lockyer NP , Vickerman JC , Clarke NW , Shanks JH , Scott LJ , Hart CA , Brown M 
Published: August 2003

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy has been applied to a study of prostate cancer cell lines derived from different metastatic sites and to tissue from benign prostate and Gleason‐graded malignant prostate tissue. Paraffin‐embedded tissue samples were analysed by FTIR, after mounting onto a BaF2 plate and subsequent removal of wax using Citroclear followed by acetone. Cell lines were analysed as aliquots of cell suspension held between two BaF2 plates. It was found that the ratio of peak areas at 1030 and 1080 cm−1, corresponding to the glycogen and phosphate vibrations respectively, suggests a potential method for the differentiation of benign from malignant cells. The use of this ratio in association with FTIR spectral imaging provides a basis for estimating areas of malignant tissue within defined regions of a specimen. Initial chemometric treatment of FTIR spectra, using the linear discriminant algorithm, demonstrates a promising method for the classification of benign and malignant tissue and the separation of Gleason‐graded CaP spectra. Using the principle component analysis, this study has achieved for the first time the separation of FTIR spectra of prostate cancer cell lines derived from different metastatic sites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical relevance of human papillomavirus testing: relationship between analytical and clinical sensitivity
Authors: Snijders Peter JF , van den Brule Adriaan JC , Meijer Chris JLM 
Published: August 2003

AbstractGiven the fact that infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally involved in cervical cancer, addition of high‐risk HPV testing to a cervical smear may improve the efficacy of cervical cancer screening programmes, the triage of women with equivocal or borderline Pap smears, and the monitoring of women who have been treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3). Compared to a cervical smear HPV tests revealed a superior sensitivity (ie clinical sensitivity) for lesions ≥ CIN 3, and a negative predictive value approaching 100%. However, a potential complication is the availability of several HPV testing methods, all displaying a different sensitivity and specificity to detect HPV‐positive women (ie analytical sensitivity and specificity). There is now compelling evidence that the clinical sensitivity and specificity of HPV tests are not simply synonymous to their analytical sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In fact, a distinction between so‐called clinically relevant and irrelevant high‐risk HPV infections should be made when considering HPV tests for primary screening, triage policies, or post‐treatment monitoring. Here, we discuss the potential importance of HPV load in the context of currently widely applied HPV detection methods, to distinguish clinically relevant from irrelevant HPV infections. From this it can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to define criteria, involving viral load threshold and the type of HPV detection method that should be fulfilled by an HPV test before implementation of such a test in clinical practice and population‐based cervical cancer screening programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel transmittance change of polyelectrolyte hydrogel in DC electric field
Authors: Zhou Xianju , Weng Lihui , Zhang Jianming , Shen Deyan , Xu Jian 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA novel transmittance change of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogel in a DC electric field was observed. Transmittance of a specimen increased when the electric field was on and decreased by removing the electric force. In certain cases, the sample was able to switch from white opaque to colorless transparent. The rate and extent of the transition depended on the applied electric potential, ambient temperature, and composition of the specimen. These observations are closely related to the dissociation of hydrogen bonding in the network induced by an external electric field. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2290–2295, 2003
First‐principles enthalpy landscape analysis of structural recovery in glasses
Authors: Lei Yuning , Cummins Kelly , Lacks Daniel J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe enthalpy landscape is used to derive from first principles the departure functions that quantify structural recovery and aging in glassy materials. The departure functions are identical in form to the phenomenological Kovacs–Aklonis–Hutchinson–Ramos model departure functions, but with the important difference is that the relaxation times do not depend on the instantaneous structure (e.g., volume). This first‐principles derivation elucidates a number of experimental observations in glassy materials, including the asymmetry of approach, the effective relaxation‐rate paradox, and the different time dependences for volume and enthalpy recovery. Example results that qualitatively display these phenomena are obtained with a simple enthalpy landscape. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2302–2306, 2003
Solubility parameters of poly(sulfonyldiphenylene phenylphosphonate) and its miscibility with poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe solubility behaviors of poly(sulfonyldiphenylene phenylphosphonate) (PSPPP), a very efficient flame retardant for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), in more than 50 solvents were examined. Its solubility parameters (δ) were determined by the intrinsic viscosity and turbidic titration methods. The two methods obtained consistent results, δ = 21.0–21.6 J1/2/cm3/2 and δ = 21.0 J1/2/cm3/2, and the three‐dimensional solubility parameters were δd = 18.9 J1/2/cm3/2, δp = 8.8 J1/2/cm3/2, and δh = 5.9 J1/2/cm3/2. The miscibility of PSPPP with PET was estimated by the calculation of the heats of mixing, which were related to the difference between the solubility parameters of PSPPP and PET. Fourier transform infrared was used to examine the interactions between PSPPP and PET macromolecules, which were the internal factors of polymer–polymer miscibility. The results showed that PSPPP and PET were miscible within a very wide composition range, especially with less than 15 wt % PSPPP, a composition of interest for the preparation of flame‐retardant PET. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2296–2301, 2003
Relaxation of liquid‐crystalline polymer fibers in polycarbonate–liquid‐crystalline polymer blend system
Authors: Tan L. P. , Yue C. Y. , Tam K. C. , Lam Y. C. , Hu X. , Nakayama K. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe relaxation of liquid‐crystalline polymer (LCP) fibers in the polycarbonate (PC)/LCP blend was examined under various conditions on a hot‐stage microscope. LC5000 is a thermotropic LCP consisting of 80/20 hydroxybenzoic acid and poly(terephthalate). The geometry of the fibers is not an important factor in the relaxation process. Fibers of different aspect ratios and lengths relaxed at the same rate and exhibited identical onset times. Increasing the temperature caused the fibers to relax faster, especially near the nematic‐transition temperature. The fibers relaxed almost immediately when subjected to a temperature of 285 °C. At 280 °C the fibers were stable for 43 min, whereas at 270 °C no noticeable relaxation was evident. Addition of compatibilizer stabilized the fibers by enhancing the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the PC matrix. Consequently, LCP fibers in the compatibilized system relaxed at a much higher temperature (294 °C) as compared with the uncompatibilized system (275–280 °C). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2307–2312, 2003
Hydrogen bonding in polyamide 66/clay nanocomposite
Authors: Lu Yonglai , Zhang Guobao , Feng Meng , Zhang Ying , Yang Mingshu , Shen Deyan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractHydrogen bonding in polyamide 66/clay nanocomposite (PA66CN) was first investigated with temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the results of which were compared with that of pristine polyamide 66 (PA66) with the same thermal history. FTIR spectra at room temperature revealed that there is essentially 100% hydrogen bonding in both PA66CN and PA66, and the difference in hydrogen‐bonding status between them is tiny. Additionally, DSC showed that the crystalline degrees and melting temperatures of PA66CN and PA66 prepared by melt quenching are similar. However, the changes of hydrogen bonding with temperature in PA66CN and PA66 are different. As the temperature rose, the hydrogen bonding in PA66CN attenuated and dissociated considerably at a smaller rate than PA66. According to transmission electron microscopic morphology of PA66CN, we analyzed the effect of nanodispersion clay layers on the motion of a polymer chain and the thermal expansion of crystalline lamella for interpreting the observed phenomenon. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2313–2321, 2003
Morphology of poly(butylene terephthalate)–poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐isophthalate‐co‐sebacate) segmented copolyesters
Authors: Zhao Yun Hui , Xu Gen Hui , Jia Hong Tao , Sheng Jing 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSegmented copolyesters, namely, poly(butylene terephthalate)–poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐isophthalate‐co‐sebacate) (PBT‐PETIS), were synthesized with the melting transesterification processing in vacuo condition involving bulk polyester produced on a large scale (PBT) and ternary amorphous random copolyester (PETIS). Investigations on the morphology of segmented copolyesters were undertaken. The two‐phase morphology model was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. One of the phases was composed of crystallizable PBT, and the other was a homogeneous mixture of PETIS and noncrystallizable PBT. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2257–2263, 2003
Supertoughness and critical interparticle distance dependence in poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) blends
Authors: Aróstegui A. , Nazábal J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSupertough poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)‐based blends were obtained by the melt blending of PBT with 0–30 wt % poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA). The reaction between PBT and EGMA was detected by torque measurements. The particle size was almost constant with increasing EGMA content, and this indicated that compatibilization occurred. The minimum EGMA content for achieving supertoughness (i.e., an impact strength 16 times greater than that of PBT) was 20 wt %. The interparticle distance was the parameter controlling toughness in these PBT/EGMA blends. The dependence of the critical interparticle distance (τc) on the modulus of the dispersed phase appeared only at low τc values, and the primary dependence of τc on the ratio of the modulus of the matrix to the modulus of the rubbery dispersed phase was proposed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2236–2247, 2003