bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Fusarium asiaticum causing seedling rot of Hinoki cypress in a Forest nursery in South Korea
Authors: Choi Hyeongju , Paul Narayan Chandra , Kim Hyun‐Jun , Sang Hyunkyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2021, a seedling rot disease was observed on Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) seedlings in a bareroot forest nursery in Naju‐si, Jeollanam‐do Province, South Korea. Infected seedlings were yellowing at the disease outset but became black after severe infection. At onset of disease, seedlings began yellowing. As disease progressed, black rot of the leaves and roots was common and eventually wilt and seedling death was observed. Seedling mortality was about 30%. The causal organism was isolated from the seedlings on potato dextrose agar media. A total of nine isolates were recovered and two representative isolates were identified as Fusarium asiaticum based on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor (EF1–α) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes. Pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity were tested to confirm pathogen viability and control efficacy of the disease. The fungal isolate caused severe disease in the inoculated Hinoki cypress seedlings. Also, the isolates were sensitive to benomyl, hexaconazole and pyraclostrobin and showed reduced sensitivity to penthiopyrad. In planta assays showed 98.81 and 100% disease control by the application of pyraclostrobin and hexaconazole, respectively. The pathogen was re‐isolated from the inoculated seedlings and its identity was confirmed by morphological analysis fulfilling Koch's postulates. The pathogen‐causing disease in the Hinoki cypress is the first reported in the host worldwide.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Kenyans and South Africans with active convulsive epilepsy: An observational study
Authors: Kariuki Symon M. , Wagner Ryan G. , Gunny Roxana , D'Arco Felice , Kombe Martha , Ngugi Anthony K. , White Steven , Odhiambo Rachael , Cross J. Helen , Sander Josemir W. , Newton Charles R. J. C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveFocal epilepsy is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The frequency and nature of possible underlying structural brain abnormalities have, however, not been fully assessed.MethodsWe evaluated the possible structural causes of epilepsy in 331 people with epilepsy (240 from Kenya and 91 from South Africa) identified from community surveys of active convulsive epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired on 1.5‐Tesla scanners to determine the frequency and nature of any underlying lesions. We estimated the prevalence of these abnormalities using Bayesian priors (from an earlier pilot study) and observed data (from this study). We used a mixed‐effect modified Poisson regression approach with the site as a random effect to determine the clinical features associated with neuropathology.ResultsMRI abnormalities were found in 140 of 240 (modeled prevalence = 59%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 53%–64%) of people with epilepsy in Kenya, and in 62 of 91 (modeled prevalence = 65%, 95% CI: 57%–73%) in South Africa, with a pooled modeled prevalence of 61% (95% CI: 56%–66%). Abnormalities were common in those with a history of adverse perinatal events (15/23 [65%, 95% CI: 43%–84%]), exposure to parasitic infections (83/120 [69%, 95% CI: 60%–77%]) and focal electroencephalographic features (97/142 [68%, 95% CI: 60%–76%]), but less frequent in individuals with generalized electroencephalographic features (44/99 [44%, 95% CI: 34%–55%]). Most abnormalities were potentially epileptogenic (167/202, 82%), of which mesial temporal sclerosis (43%) and gliosis (34%) were the most frequent. Abnormalities were associated with co‐occurrence of generalized non‐convulsive seizures (relative risk [RR] = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.25), lack of family history of seizures (RR = 0.91, 0.86–0.96), convulsive status epilepticus (RR = 1.14, 1.08–1.21), frequent seizures (RR = 1.12, 1.04–1.20), and reported use of anti‐seizure medication (RR = 1.22, 1.18–1.26).SignificanceMRI identified pathologies are common in people with epilepsy in Kenya and South Africa. Mesial temporal sclerosis, the most common abnormality, may be amenable to surgical correction. MRI may have a diagnostic value in rural Africa, but future longitudinal studies should examine the prognostic role.
Research on low‐cycle fatigue behavior of Ni‐based single crystal superalloy with shaped film cooling holes at high temperature
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Wen Zhixun , Meng Li , Haiqing Pei , Fei Li , Jundong Wang , He Pengfei , Yue Zhufeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFilm cooling holes (FCHs) geometric structure significantly affects low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) of the single crystal turbine blade. This study investigates the LCF behavior of Ni‐based single crystal plate specimens with two different structure FCHs, including elliptical and fan‐shaped FCHs, by high temperature fatigue tests and crystal plasticity simulation. The results show that the LCF life of the fan‐shaped FCHs is shorter than those of the elliptical FCHs. The fracture characteristics and microstructure evolution of different structure FCHs are dissimilar. Oxidation affects the fatigue crack nucleation process at the FCH edge. The resolved shear stress (RSS) around fan‐shaped FCHs is greater than elliptical FCHs under one cyclic stress, and the area with larger RSS is consistent with fatigue crack nucleation position. The early LCF failure is mainly attributed to the high temperature oxidation of the local slip deformation induced by RSS concentration around the FCHs.
Deconstructing the benefits of reading‐while‐listening on L2 reading comprehension: The influence of cross‐orthographic distance
Authors: Koh Joanne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReading‐while‐listening (RWL) has been suggested to facilitate reading comprehension by establishing letter‐to‐sound correspondences in the word recognition process. However, previous findings are inconsistent regarding the effect of RWL on foreign language (L2) reading comprehension. To understand why such inconsistency occurs, the moderating role of L2 orthographic characteristics in the effects of RWL on L2 propositional comprehension was examined. The orthographic characteristics of a language are of particular relevance as languages differ in the time course and the degree to which visual and phonological coding strategies are involved in word recognition. L1 Korean (alphabetic, shallow orthography) intermediate undergraduate learners of Chinese (nonalphabetic), English (alphabetic, deep orthography), and Spanish (alphabetic, shallow orthography) read and read‐while‐listened to authentic reading texts in their target language, and solved a set of written, untimed multiple‐choice questions to test their propositional comprehension. Results indicated that learners of an L2 with a larger distance (i.e., Chinese) from the L1 benefitted more from RWL, indicating that L2 orthographic characteristics interacted with input modality. Pedagogical implications for the use of RWL are discussed coupled with qualitative findings of students' perceptions.
Treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontic therapy in immature permanent teeth with pulpal necrosis: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Sabeti Mohammad , Ghobrial Daniel , Zanjir Maryam , da Costa Bruno R. , Young Yating , Azarpazhooh Amir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess which treatment modality regarding scaffold selection for immature permanent teeth with pulpal necrosis will be the most successful for regenerative endodontic treatment (RET).MethodologyPubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase, and additional records until August 2022 were searched providing a total of 3021 articles, and nine of these articles were included for quantitative synthesis. The reviewers selected eligible randomized controlled trials and extracted pertinent data. Network meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate treatment effects for primary outcomes (clinical and radiographic healing) and secondary outcomes (apical closure, root length and root wall thickness increase) following RET [mean difference (MD); 95% credible interval (CrI) and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA)]. The quality of the included studies was appraised by the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsSix interventions from nine included studies were identified: blood clot scaffold (BC), blood clot scaffold with basic fibroblast growth factor, blood clot scaffold with collagen, platelet pellet, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF). The PRP scaffold showed the greatest increase in root lengthening at 6–12 months (MD = 4.2; 95% CrI, 1.2 to 6.8; SUCRA = 89.0%, very low confidence). PRP or PRF achieved the highest level of success for primary and secondary outcomes at 1–6 and 6–12 months. Blood clot scaffold (with collagen or combined with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)) achieved the highest level of success for secondary outcomes beyond 12 months follow‐up. A very low to low quality of evidence suggests that both PRP and PRF exhibit the greatest success evaluating primary and secondary outcomes within 12 months postoperatively compared to the traditional blood clot scaffold protocol.ConclusionLimited evidence suggests both PRP and PRF exhibit success in the short‐term, not long‐term. The value of this information stems in its recommendation for future randomized trials prioritizing both of these materials in their protocol.
Epidemiology, clinical profiles, and prognostic value of COVID‐19‐related cutaneous manifestations in African populations: a rapid narrative review
Authors: Nyasulu Peter S. , Tamuzi Jacques L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin manifestations’ true prognostic value, and clinical and epidemiological pictures in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in African populations are poorly described and understudied. More familiarity with COVID‐19 cutaneous manifestations may aid in early clinical diagnosis or guide prognosis.MethodsIn this literature review, we looked for potential studies published from December 2019 to March 2023 on COVID‐19 cutaneous lesions in African populations. Our key questions were focused on the prognostic values of cutaneous manifestations related to COVID‐19.ResultsOur findings show that cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 vary by country and severity of COVID‐19, primarily multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). Significant differences were also found between various dermatological lesions, primarily MIS, erythema multiforme‐like, livedoid, vesicular, or varicella‐like rashes, urticarial, maculopapular or morbilliform rashes, and chilblain‐like or pernio‐like rashes. There were 47.5% (115/242) of MIS cases reported in nine published African studies. Our findings also revealed that MIS may be diagnosed in 2–7 days due to early onset rash. Advanced age, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HIV, tuberculosis, asthma, atopic disease, underweight, malnutrition, and malignancy were found to be associated with COVID‐19 cutaneous manifestations in African populations.ConclusionsCOVID‐19‐related skin manifestations in African populations are important as a driving force in COVID‐19 prognosis.
A nation‐wide analysis of socioeconomic and geographical disparities in the prevalence of obesity and excess weight in children and adolescents in Spain: Results from the ENE‐COVID study
Authors: Gutiérrez‐González Enrique , García‐Solano Marta , Pastor‐Barriuso Roberto , Fernández de Larrea‐Baz Nerea , Rollán‐Gordo Almudena , Peñalver‐Argüeso Belén , Peña‐Rey Isabel , Pollán Marina , Pérez‐Gómez Beatriz ,   the ENE‐COVID Study Group
Published: November 2023

SummaryObjectiveTo estimate national and provincial prevalence of obesity and excess weight in the child and adolescent population in Spain by sex and sociodemographic characteristics, and to explore sources of inequalities in their distribution, and their geographical patterns.MethodsENE‐COVID is a nationwide representative seroepidemiological survey (68 287 participants) stratified by province and municipality size (April–June 2020). Participants answered a questionnaire which collected self‐reported weight and height, that allowed estimating crude and model‐based standardized prevalences of obesity and excess weight in the 10 543 child and adolescent participants aged 2–17 years.ResultsCrude prevalences (WHO growth reference) were higher in boys than in girls (obesity: 13.4% vs. 7.9%; excess weight: 33.7% vs. 26.0%; severe obesity: 2.9% vs. 1.2%). These prevalences varied with age, increased with the presence of any adult with excess weight in the household, while they decreased with higher adult educational and census tract average income levels.Obesity by province ranged 1.8%–30.5% in boys and 0%–17.6% in girls; excess weight ranged 15.2%–49.9% in boys and 10.8%–40.8% in girls. The lowest prevalences of obesity and excess weight were found in provinces in the northern half of Spain. Sociodemographic characteristics only partially explained the observed geographical variability (33.6% obesity; 44.2% excess weight).ConclusionsChildhood and adolescent obesity and excess weight are highly prevalent in Spain, with relevant sex, sociodemographic and geographical differences. The geographic variability explained by sociodemographic variables indicates that there are other potentially modifiable factors on which to focus interventions at different geographic levels to fight this problem.
Macrophage‐like rapid uptake and toxicity of tattoo ink in human monocytes
Authors: Lin Cheng , Marquardt Yvonne , Rütten Stefan , Liao Liangliang , Rahimi Khosrow , Haraszti Tamas , Baron Jens Malte , Bartneck Matthias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMacrophages play a critical role for the persistence of tattoo ink in human skin. However, a comparison to other skin‐resident and blood circulating immune cells and a profound analysis of REACH‐compliant tattoo ink are unmet medical needs. We hence characterized the size distribution of ink particles using physicochemical methods. We studied the uptake of tattoo ink by key human skin cells and blood‐derived immune cells using optical and electron microscopy as well as flow cytometry. Scanning electron microscopy of ink revealed its crystalline structure, and a tendency towards aggregations was indicated by size changes upon diluting it. Flow cytometric analyses of skin and immune cells after incubation with tattoo ink demonstrated an increase in cellular granularity upon uptake and red ink additionally evoked fluorescent signals. Human macrophages were most potent in internalizing ink in full thickness 3D skin models. Macrophage cultures demonstrated that the ink did not lead to elevated inflammatory mediators, and showed no indications for toxicity, even after nice days. Strikingly, monocytes were most efficient in ink uptake, but displayed reduced viability, whereas granulocytes and lymphocytes showed only temporary ink uptake with flow cytometric signals declining after 1 day. Mechanistic studies on ink retention by corticosteroids or dexpanthenol in macrophage cultures demonstrated that these compounds do not lead to ink excretion, but even slightly increase the ink load in macrophages. The highly motile monocytes, precursors of macrophages, may play an underrated role for tattoo ink translocation from dermal blood vessels into internal organs.
Comparison of surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and laser combined with steroids for the treatment of keloids: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Siqi , Duan Liu , Zhong Yan , Zeng Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aims to evaluate and compare the effect of surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and laser combined with steroids on keloids. Relevant studies reporting the recurrence rate or incidence of adverse events (AEs) were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases through August 2023. The quality of noncomparative single‐arm clinical trials was evaluated using the methodological index for nonrandomised studies (MINORS) Methodological items. This meta‐analysis was conducted utilizing Stata 12.0 statistical software. 26 studies involving 989 patients were included in the analysis. The recurrence rate in the laser combined with steroids therapy group (12.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9%–18.5%) was lower than that of the surgical excision combined with radiotherapy group (13.5%, 95% CI: 6.6%–22.2%). For the incidence of AEs, relatively low incidence of atrophy (0.0%, 95% CI: 0.0%–1.2%), telangiectasia (3.2%, 95% CI: 0.4%–7.6%), erythema (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.0%–10.6%), infection (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.0%–1.6%) and high hyperpigmentation rate (8.3%, 95% CI: 4.2%–13.4%) were obtained in the surgical excision combined with radiotherapy group. Compared with surgical resection followed by radiotherapy, the combination of laser and steroids for keloids showed a lower hyperpigmentation rate (6.5%), as well as a higher incidence of atrophy (22.7%), telangiectasia (6.4%), erythema (3.3%) and infection (3.3%). Only a hypopigmentation rate of 2.9% was obtained in patients treated with surgical excision plus radiotherapy. Current evidence revealed that surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and laser combined with steroids therapy were effective and safe treatments for keloids, with relatively low recurrence rate and complication rate. Comparative studies are needed to further compare the effects of these two combination therapies on keloids.
Evaluation of a Nutrition Education and Skills Training programme in vulnerable adults who are at high risk of food insecurity
Authors: Kearsey Jade L. , West Elisha , Vairinhos Nelia , Constable Nicole , Chu Angelica , Douglas Nigel , Charlton Karen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, the prevalence of food insecurity increased by 1.5% between 2014 and 2016 and 2018 and 2020 due to effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic. OzHarvest offers a 6‐week Nutrition Education and Skills Training (NEST) programme to adults at risk of food insecurity. NEST provides 2.5‐h weekly cooking workshops on simple, healthy and affordable meals. This study aimed to determine the immediate (post) and longer‐term (6 months) impacts of participation in NEST.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study with pre–post surveys (n = 258) and 6‐month follow‐up surveys (n = 20) was conducted from June 2019 to July 2022. Survey results were obtained from NEST programme participants (≥18 years) from six major Australian cities.ResultsParticipants demonstrated immediate improvement in nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), food preparation behaviours (p < 0.001) and confidence and self‐efficacy (n = 222; p < 0.001). Intake of discretionary foods decreased (p < 0.001), whereas fruit, vegetable and water intake increased (p < 0.001). Food security improved from 57% to 68% immediately after the completion of the programme (p < 0.001). Participants demonstrated longer‐term improvements in nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), cooking confidence (n = 8; p = 0.03), food preparation behaviours (p = 0.003) and increased vegetable (p = 0.03) and fruit intake (p = 0.01).ConclusionsParticipation in OzHarvest's NEST programme results in short‐term improvements in food security levels and dietary behaviours. Over the longer term, these changes were sustained but to a lesser degree, indicating that systemic changes are required to address underlying socio‐economic disadvantages.
Chewing difficulties mediated association between edentulism and depressive symptoms among middle aged and older population
Authors: Qu Xing , Wang Qingyu , Zhang Jian , He Wenbo , Zhang Fan , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a major health condition among the aging population. Previous studies indicated that edentulism was a risk factor for depression. The link between edentulism and depression has not been fully clarified.ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate whether chewing difficulties play a mediating role in the association between edentulism and depression among middle‐aged and older populations with national cross‐sectional data.MethodsData were obtained from the latest fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The outcome variable was set as depression, which was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D‐10). Independent and mediated variables were separately set as self‐assessed edentulism and chewing difficulties. The nearest neighbour propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to construct a matching group to balance the basic characteristics of individuals with and without edentulism with minimised bias in the estimation. Causal mediation analysis was performed to estimate the degree of contribution of chewing difficulties to the association between edentulism and depression. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the primary result.ResultsA total of 15 853 individuals remained for analysis. After PSM, 809 individuals with edentulism and 2628 without edentulism remained for analysis. Among the matched individuals, the mean age was 66.3 ± 9.2 years, 58.5% were female, 78.8% lived in rural areas, 23.5% had edentulism, 51.1% had depressive symptoms, and 50.1% had chewing difficulties. Logistic regression results showed that a higher incidence of edentulism was associated with a higher rate of depression (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19–1.63) in the matching group. Causal mediation analysis results indicated that the average mediation effect of chewing difficulties on the association between edentulism and depression was 0.010 (95% CI: 0.005–0.015), and the average direct effect was 0.072 (95% CI: 0.036–0.11). The mediation proportion of chewing difficulties was 11.7% (95% CI: 0.079–0.21).ConclusionA higher prevalence of edentulism was associated with a higher rate of depression among middle‐aged and elderly populations. Chewing difficulties moderately mediated the association between edentulism and depression. Fundamental oral function should not be neglected to improve mental health among the aging population.
Effect of silicone‐based sealers on fiber post retention: An in vitro study
Authors: Alqarni Hatem , Khan Sulthan , Alzaid Abdulaziz A. , Alfaifi Mohammed , Alsayed Hussain , Alshahrani Nasser , Alassaf Mohammed , Alamro Mohammed , Alameer Abdulelah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe effect of a silicone‐based sealer on fiber post retention has not been the subject of research and remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of a silicone‐based sealer and an epoxy resin sealer on fiber post retention.Material and MethodsForty extracted human mandibular premolars that were caries‐free, single‐rooted, and possessed straight single canals were the specimens of the present study. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20 each). All specimens were prepared using gutta‐percha. The sealer used in the first group was Guttaflow 2, while AH26 was used in the second group. Post spaces were prepared immediately after obturation for each specimen. Prefabricated fiber posts were luted in both groups using a self‐adhesive resin cement (RelyX‐U200). Each specimen was vertically secured using a universal testing machine (Instron Corp.) and a constant pull‐out force at a loading rate of 0.5 mm/min was applied until the point of dislodgement. Data were analyzed using t‐tests.ResultsA significant difference was found between the mean of maximum loads of the silicone‐based sealer and epoxy resin sealer groups (p = 0.0001). The mean maximum load for the epoxy resin sealer group was 194.62 N, while that for the silicone‐based sealer group was 111.64 N.ConclusionFiber post retention in teeth obturated using silicone‐based sealer was inferior to that in teeth obturated with epoxy resin sealer. Therefore, the sealer used during obturation can significantly affect fiber post retention.