bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subject metadata from the other side. Sponsored by SIG CR
Authors: Miksa Francis , Qin Jain , Greenberg Jane , O'Neill Edward T. , Pasch Grete 
Published: January 2005

AbstractProfessional indexers are often preferred for creating high quality subject metadata because of their expert knowledge (Weinheimer, 2000), but they are costly and limited in availability (Griffin & Thomas, 1999). This fact, together with the continued rapid growth of the World Wide Web (web), have encouraged other classes of persons' to be involved in subject metadata production (Lynch, 1997). Precedent exists in the print environment where authors contribute subject keywords and abstracts to scientific and scholarly publications, which are then used in commercial information systems. Can authors create good quality subject metadata for web‐based digital resources? What other classes of persons, without professional training, might assign subject metadata to digital resources? What tools are there to assist non‐professionals in producing subject metadata? This panel examines these questions. Specific topics addressed include the creation of subject metadata by government employees and research scientists who have subject expertise but no professional training in metadata creation, implicit subject metadata found on a sample of webpages documenting Central America, and an overview of FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology), a tool that makes Library of Congress Subject Headings' (LCSH) rich vocabulary easier to understand and use.
How physicians' answers relate to health consumers' questions
Authors: Slaughter Laura , Soergel Dagobert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study examines the semantic relationships in consumers' health‐related questions, physician‐provided answers, and between questions and answers with the purpose of supporting the design of health consumer question‐answering systems. The information present in the text was expressed using a “pilot” ontology that was based on the semantic relationships from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Semantic Network. The extracted semantic relationships were represented as a set of instances in a frame‐based system. An analysis of these instances led to an understanding of how answers are related to questions. A total of 509 semantic relationship instances were identified in twelve question‐answer messages (97 in the questions, 334 in the answers, 78 implied between question and answer concepts). The frequencies of relationship instances appearing in the texts were evaluated. In only half of the question‐answer messages analyzed was there a direct match linking the semantic relationships in the question to those in the answer. All answers contained expansions of one or more question concepts. These concept expansions used many relationship types such as treats and results_in.
Haystacks and hypotheses
Authors: Demaine Jeffrey , Martin Joel , De Bruijn Berry 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the EurekaSeek bibliometric technique for automated linked‐literature analysis. The MEDLINE database of biomedical literature is iteratively searched in order to identify research opportunities in the form of conceptual linkages between terms. As a tool for identifying undiscovered public knowledge, EurekaSeek is a variation on the techniques of Swanson and Smalheiser. EurekaSeek uses medical subject headings instead of text analysis in a fully automated search process, thereby eliminating the reliance on expert input during the process of linking literatures. In this paper, the EurekaSeek process is tested by retroactively examining the co‐occurrence of terms in the published literature. The hypothesis tested in this paper is whether this tool, had it existed in the past, could have identified conceptual linkages that occurred only later in the literature. In addition, EurekaSeek is compared against a process that considers all potential term‐to‐term relationships. The list of terms that EurekaSeek produces is a subset of all potential linked literature terms. The experiment shows that EurekaSeek produces a higher percentage of likely hypotheses than when all terms are considered. While the proportion of identified linkages generated is still too small for the process to be a practical aid to research, statistically significant results were achieved. Metaphorically speaking, EurekaSeek identifies a higher proportion of needles per haystack.
An approach to protein name extraction using heuristics and a dictionary
Authors: Seki Kazuhiro , Mostafa Javed 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for protein name extraction from biological texts. Our method exploits hand‐crafted rules based on heuristics and a set of protein names (dictionary). In contrast to previously proposed methods, our approach avoids the use of natural language processing tools such as part‐of‐speech taggers and syntactic parsers so as to improve processing speed. We implemented a prototype system for protein name extraction based on our method and conducted evaluation experiments. The result showed that our system produces outcome comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art protein name extraction system on multiple corpora.
Information gathering revealed within the social network of line‐managers
Authors: Mackenzie Maureen L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis year's ASIST theme of humanizing information technology invites inquiry into the human elements that influence information behavior. The results of this qualitative study revealed that relationship, more than knowledge, may be the reason a manager is sought as an information source within a business environment. The context was a large business unit within a major US corporation. Social network mapping was selected as the appropriate method so as to capture a more intimate view of the information relationships within a business environment. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and to draw out the themes. The non‐hierarchical flow of knowledge among managers and the reasons managers seek others as information sources further differentiates and documents line‐managers as a unique information user‐group.
Understanding resource discovery design requirements for a statewide virtual library: Application of a technology adoption indicator
Authors: Murray Kathleen R. , Moen William E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Texas Center for Digital Knowledge investigated academic and public libraries in Texas to determine technology characteristics in accord with the rate of a library's technology adoption. The study investigated technology differences between early, middle, and late technology adopters. A technology adoption indicator (TAI) was developed and used to classify libraries into one of the three adoption categories. Significant differences based on technology adoption were found for the four technology variables measured. The design implications of the differential characteristics for a statewide virtual library resource discovery service were identified.
Leveraging the power of diversity to create effective and empowering technology
Authors: Nair Sarita , Flansburg Sundra , Hanson Katherine 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVery little existing research has comprehensively examined the impact of new technologies on teaching and learning. Looking beyond the “training” of users to access and use ICTs, the work of the Gender, Diversities, and Technology Institute looks at how emerging technologies can be more effectively utilized to meet the needs of diverse learners—in effect humanizing technology. This paper reviews learning arising from a range of the Institute's research and practice, including large‐scale digital resource development that builds in accessibility and usability, online learning that engages learners and other stakeholders in creating equitable learning experiences, and ecommunications that incorporates and responds to issues arising at the intersection of gender and culture. Together, this work has raised new questions that lead to a re‐examination of the relationship between “users” and “developers,” as well as a need to look at the development process itself. The need to not only engage diverse users in the design and development process, but to also actively search for and build on the different starting points that arise from these diverse users is at the core of work to humanize technology and its impacts.
The role of context in search: Examining the effect of subject domain on the search interface
Authors: Toms Elaine G. , Freund Luanne , Bartlett Joan C. , Kopak Rick 
Published: January 2005

AbstractUsing a 48‐person group in a within‐subjects design, we investigated how people search differently within diverse domains: consumer health, shopping, travel and general research. Our goal was to identify the distinctive characteristics of search behavior within each domain that impact the design of the search interface.
It takes a village: Student chapter survival and success
Authors: Jenkins Diane , Castledine John R. , Galaviz Lisa , Williams Teresa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMany student chapters of professional organizations like ASIS&T can have difficulty sustaining membership, educational support, financial resources, and chapter competitiveness. Some organizations are more successful than others in sustaining student chapters. Since student chapter membership and activity are important contributors to parent organization long‐term survival, growth, and success, it is essential to identify student chapter problems and take steps to solve them. Current trends in scholarly collaboration and distance education, assisted by technical networking advances, can provide methods for linking student chapters to help each other with problem‐solving through “intellectual proximity” (Weedman, 1999). We can form a collaborative community that will work together to improve the chances of long‐term chapter survival and success. Such an environment will also provide opportunities for inter‐institution research, creativity, and socialization (Students, 1998). We will invite other student chapters of ASIS&T to join this network, using existing Internet technology such as WebCT, Yahoo Groups, and email listservs to create a “virtual village” for all student chapters. If successful, this collective Village has the potential to become a permanent Internet service for ASIS&T student membership.
Measuring profitability impacts of information technology: Use of risk adjusted measures
Authors: Singh Anil , Harmon Glynn 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study focuses on understanding how investments in information technology are reflected in the income statements and balance sheets of firms. Today, little doubt exists that information technology is being used by organizations in a wide variety of settings and ways and that information technology is critical for the smooth operation of many organizations. Further, a strong body of research exists showing that information technology usage is positively correlated with organizational productivity. However, empirical evidence of information technology contributing to corporate profitability has not been forthcoming. Although the income statements, balance sheets, and cash‐flow statements all together summarize the financial structure, health and profitability of firms but still much doubt and confusion exists over the impacts of information technology usage on a firm's “hard” numbers such as revenues, cost, profit margins, or financial ratios and structure. So far, only a few studies have found a significant positive relationship between information technology and some aspect of corporate profitability. The present research argues that the inability of earlier studies to identify the relationship between information technology investments and bottom‐line performance is in part because of methodological reasons. This study first defines and develops risk‐adjusted measures of corporate profitability. Then, it examines the income statements and balance sheets of more than 500 firms that are leading users of information technology for the period 1988‐98. Finally, the study shows that the relationship between information technology investments and corporate profitability is much better explained by using risk‐adjusted measures of corporate profitability than using the same measures of corporate profitability but unadjusted for risk.
Draw and tell: Children as designers of web interfaces
Authors: Bilal Dania 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEleven middle school children were involved in designing interfaces for Web search engines. Children were given the role of “designers” of the interfaces rather than “reactionaries” to existing ones. Using a participatory approach, children created eleven paper prototypes for Web search engines based on their needs and knowledge structure and they transcribed the purposes of these interfaces. The prototypes were analyzed in relation to content‐related spaces, specific spaces, general spaces, instruction spaces, and other spaces. Children's comments about the purposes of the interfaces were analyzed in terms of functionality and visual design. This study describes the prototypes children created and highlights the need for designing Web search engine interfaces that provide high usability for children and with children.
Children as designers of web portals
Authors: Large Andrew , Beheshti Jamshid , Nesset Valerie , Bowler Leanne 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes and discusses the process undertaken by a design team comprising both elementary school students and researchers to design a web portal intended for use by children. The team of eight grade‐six students and three researchers met twice per week over 12 sessions to design a low‐tech prototype. The approach adopted by the team was based upon several design theories related to usability studies: contextual inquiry, participatory design and cooperative inquiry. The advantages of such an inter‐generational approach to portal design are presented as well as some of its problems.
Electronic library: A TERI experiment
Authors: Kar Debal C , Deb Subrata , Kumar Satish 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElectronic library provides access to richer content in a more structured manner and allows us to search for any word or phrase in the entire collection. The need is to provide online easy, ceaseless access, with multiple users read facility to electronic collections from researchers' desktop or from remote Internet computers. It also helps save researchers' and library's time with improved quality. In TERI, except the Digitization of documents, unless demanded, all other forms of Electronic sources have been taken care of. The activity started with various virtual ELs i.e. Internet sources, together, has now crystallized to more or less a fullfledged EL that can be browsed as well as searched in a database. Electronic Services like Current Awareness and Alerts services apart from establishing a Virtual Information Centre has further supplemented the EL. Physical Electronic Library has been created to address the access to all the LAN connected systems that provides CD‐ROM access and journals downloaded and placed on the server for all time free access. Once any document or journal is downloaded and linked, it is announced by e‐mail for the user access. Users' views have been incorporated to make the system user friendly, leading to the higher rate of user satisfaction and increased information usage. Future plan is to make the whole resources dynamic in nature. The whole resources are maintained in a database. It can be said that the future of Library has no escape from than to the Electronic Library.
Procedures for mapping vocabularies from non‐professional discourse a case study: “Consumer medical vocabulary”
Authors: Tse Tony , Soergel Dagobert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNon‐professionals are often unable to access or comprehend information in specialized domains because of technical terminology. Understanding domain‐specific vocabulary commonly used by laypersons will help bridge this gap. This paper describes in detail a methodology for collecting and extracting linguistic forms from documents authored by healthcare consumers. The forms were mapped to concepts and the resulting terms were analyzed. Although the case study uses examples from a “consumer medical vocabulary,” the procedures are applicable to investigating non‐professional vocabularies in other domains.
The role of special language in relation to knowledge organization
Authors: Thellefsen Martin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe organization of knowledge has always been a core activity within IS. Knowledge organization is the very foundation that makes information seeking possible. However, the tradition and research within IS is still influenced by the construction perspective, which means that the main concern regarding knowledge organization is focused on the construction of systems, i.e. cataloguing systems, classifying systems and thesaurus construction. This paper argues that knowledge organization must encompass theories that focus on the more fundamental and less technical view and raises the questions of epistemology and general linguistic theoryi, i.e. with attendance to language and meaning. So, the crucial task in contemporary knowledge organization theory must be how to create a framework for knowledge organization based upon the nature of a given discourse community and upon methods to reveal its knowledge structures. This paper focuses on the meaning aspect of language and the terminological aspect of knowledge organization. The paper argues that knowledge organization deals with terminological representations and linguistic statements, which include documents, document surrogates (the bibliographic record) and subject representations. Therefore, theories of terminology, language and meaning, and special languageiiare considered in order to create a framework for special language studies within IS.
Identification of effective predictive variables for document qualities
Authors: Ng Kwong Bor , Tang Rong , Small Sharon , Strzalkowski Tomek , Kantor Paul , Rittman Robert , Song Peng , Sun Ying , Wacholder Nina 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe analyzed textual properties of documents to identify predictive variables for various document qualities by means of statistical and linguistic methods. We have created a collection of 1000 documents, each document has been judged in terms of nine document qualities (accuracy, reliability, objectivity, depth, author/producer credibility, readability, verbosity and conciseness, grammatical correctness, one‐sided or multiview.) Employing statistical analyses, we considered a kind of linear combination, asking (1) if it was possible to combine textual features linearly to predict document qualities; (2) what textual features had good predictive power; (3) what textual features were minimally required for prediction with a detection rate much better than the false alarm rate. We present several promising results, indicating that with a few number of textual features, we can predict various document qualities much better than chance.
The effect of individual differences on searching the web
Authors: Madjid Ihadjadene , Stéphane Chaudiron , Daniel Martins 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper reports results from a project which sought to investigate the influence of two types of expertise – the knowledge of the search domain and the experience of the Web search engines ‐ on the use of a Web search engine, called Exalead, by a panel of students. Forty six students (twenty four undergraduate students in psychology and twenty two undergraduates in other disciplines) were asked to give correct answers to eight questions about definitions of psychology concepts, without any time constraint. Results show that participants with good knowledge in the domain on the one hand and participants with high experience of the Web on the other had the best performances. Participants with low experience of the Web showed less effectiveness than the other participants. Future research is proposed to know the best aids to users of information retrieval systems.
Indexed ideational shifts in theIndex‐Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon‐General's Office of the United States Army
Authors: Lussky Joan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe scientific endeavor is influenced by scholarly trends, in that researchers have a tendency to use the hot, new scientific ideas to try and explain their own research. The work presented here focuses in on this tendency and attempts to measure the sensitivity of the indexing ofIndex‐Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon‐General's Office of the United States Army(Index Cat) to new knowledge. The title indexing of the first three series of the Index Cat clearly reflects a shift in thinking surrounding the use of the germ theory in explaining the causes of various diseases. Title words that convey the idea of germs and the role germs play in disease occur at a much higher level towards the end of the 19thcentury, i.e., post‐discovery of the germ theory. Not only is this affect apparent in the indexing of diseases that scholars today agree are germ based, but also in the indexing of diseases that are not now considered to be germ based. The data suggest that scientists are quick to apply the new knowledge inherent in the latest scientific breakthroughs to their own area of research.
Undergraduate science students and electronic scholarly journals
Authors: Tenopir Carol , Pollard Richard , Wang Peiling , Greene Dan , Kline Elizabeth , Krummen Julia , Kirk Rachel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPhase I of a 2‐phase project funded by the NSF‐National Science Digital Library Project used focus groups to determine how undergraduate science students perceive journal literature and how they use digital library resources. Their perceptions and use are contrasted with faculty and graduate teaching assistants in engineering, chemistry, and physics. Undergraduates have difficulties understanding journal articles. Although they consider themselves experts on the web, they rarely use online indexes or e‐journals unless required to for class. E‐Journals should be incrementally introduced to students starting at the time they declare a major. E‐Modules developed by the library and faculty could introduce the structure and content of articles, including links to glossaries and encyclopedias, tutorials about the publishing process, and study of the structure of articles.
Enriched video semantic metadata: Authorization, integration, and presentation
Authors: Mu Xiangming , Marchionini Gary 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn enriched video metadata framework including video authorization using VAST, metadata integration, and user level applications is presented. The Video Annotation and Summarization Tool (VAST) is a novel video metadata authorization system that integrates both semantic and visual metadata. Balance between accuracy and efficiency is achieved by adopting a semi‐automatic authorization approach. Semantic information such as video annotation is integrated with the visual information under a XML schema. Results from user studies and field experiments using the VAST metadata demonstrated that the enriched metadata were seamlessly incorporated into application level programs such as the Interactive Shared Educational Environment (ISEE). Given the VAST metadata, a new video surrogate called the smartlink video surrogate was proposed and deployed in the ISEE. VAST has become a key component of the emerging Open Video Digital Library toolkit.