bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol consumption trajectories and associated factors in adult women: the Norwegian Women and Cancer study
Authors: Llaha Fjorida , Licaj Idlir , Sharashova Ekaterina , Benjaminsen Borch Kristin , Lukic Marko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
We described the age-specific trajectories of total alcohol consumption and the consumption of different types of beverages among adult Norwegian women as they age, and how these relate to education, lifestyle, and health-related factors.

Methods
This study included 76 382 women aged 31–70 years who participated in at least two of the three Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study surveys conducted in 1991–97, 1998–2003, and 2004–11. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify the trajectories of self-reported alcohol consumption. Multinomial regression models were used to fit the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the associations between education, lifestyle, health-related factors, and the trajectory membership. Analysis was stratified into two subcohorts: women aged 31–49 years and women aged 50–70 years at enrolment.

Results
Five different trajectories of total alcohol consumption were identified among the two subcohorts: non-drinker stable (12.5%–23.6%), low stable (66.3%–60.1%), light increasing or light unstable (17.8%–12.1%), moderate to high or light to high (2.8%–2.7%), and high to moderate or moderate decreasing (.6%–1.4%). Trajectories were resembled by those of wine consumption. Compared to low stable drinkers, women who sustained or increased their total alcohol consumption showed higher ORs for higher education level, excellent self-rated health, former or current smoking status, and a body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2.

Conclusion
While most women in this study maintained stable low-light levels of alcohol consumption, certain groups—such as women with higher education and better health—were more likely to increase their drinking with age. Women can particularly increase their drinking around the retirement age. The increasing trends of total alcohol consumption were reflected by those of wine. These findings provide information into groups and beverages that could be targeted in alcohol-reducing interventions.
An Omitted Variable Bias Framework for Sensitivity Analysis of Instrumental Variables
Authors: Cinelli Carlos , Hazlett Chad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We develop an omitted variable bias framework for sensitivity analysis of instrumental variable estimates that naturally handles multiple side-effects (violations of the exclusion restriction assumption) and confounders (violations of the ignorability of the instrument assumption) of the instrument, exploits expert knowledge to bound sensitivity parameters, and can be easily implemented with standard software. Specifically, we introduce sensitivity statistics for routine reporting, such as (extreme) robustness values for instrumental variables, describing the minimum strength that omitted variables need to have to change the conclusions of a study. Next we provide visual displays that fully characterize the sensitivity of point estimates and confidence intervals to violations of the standard instrumental variable assumptions. Finally, we offer formal bounds on the worst possible bias under the assumption that the maximum explanatory power of omitted variables is no stronger than a multiple of the explanatory power of observed variables. Conveniently, many pivotal conclusions regarding the sensitivity of the instrumental variable estimate (e.g. tests against the null hypothesis of zero causal effect) can be reached simply through separate sensitivity analyses of the effect of the instrument on the treatment (the first stage) and the effect of the instrument on the outcome (the reduced form). We apply our methods in a running example that uses proximity to college as an instrumental variable to estimate the returns to schooling.
Prevalence, incidence and mortality of inflammatory bowel disease in the Netherlands: development and external validation of machine learning models
Authors: van Linschoten Reinier C A , van Leeuwen Nikki , van Klaveren David , Pierik Prof Marieke J , Creemers Rob , Hendrix Evelien M B , Hazelzet Prof Jan A , van der Woude Prof C Janneke , West Rachel L , van Noord Desirée 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Large registries are promising tools to study the epidemiology of IBD. We aimed to develop and validate machine learning models to identify IBD cases in administrative data, aiming to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality of IBD in the Netherlands.

Methods
We developed machine learning models for administrative data to identify IBD cases and classify them on subtype and incidence year. Models were developed in a population-based cohort and externally validated in a hospital cohort. Models were evaluated on Brier score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration, and accuracy. The best models were used to determine the epidemiology of IBD in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2020.

Results
For identifying IBD cases the random forest model was best (AUC: 0.97, 95% CI [0.96; 0.97]). The gradient boosted trees model for subtype was best (accuracy: 0.95, 95% CI [0.94; 0.95]) as was the random forest model for incidence year (0.88, 95% CI [0.86; 0.89]). The prevalence of IBD in the Netherlands was 577.6 (95% CI [566.7; 586.2]) per 100,000 on December 31, 2020, with varying prevalence across the Netherlands. Incidence of IBD was 20.1 (95% CI [18.0; 22.3]) per 100,000 in 2020 and stable over time. Mortality rates of IBD patients rose over time and were 11.6 (95% CI [10.5; 11.8]) per 1,000 in 2020 as compared to 9.5 in the general population.

Conclusion
IBD cases can be accurately identified using administrative data. The prevalence of IBD in the Netherlands is increasing slower than expected, suggesting a trend towards the epidemiological stage of Prevalence Equilibrium.
New ways to use imaging data in cardiovascular research: survey of opinions on federated learning and synthetic data
Authors: Williams Michelle C , MacArthur Jacqueline , Forsyth Ross , Petersen Steffen E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Federated learning and the creation of synthetic data are emerging tools which may enhance the use of imaging data in cardiovascular research. This study sought to understand the perspectives of cardiovascular imaging researchers on the potential benefits and challenges associated with these technologies.

Methods
The British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre conducted a series of online surveys and a virtual workshop to gather insights from stakeholders involved in cardiovascular imaging research about federated learning and synthetic data generation.

Results
The federated learning survey included 67 respondents: 18% (n=12) were currently using federated learning, 4% (n=3) had previously used it, 31% (n=21) were planning to use it, and 46% (n=31) were neither using nor planning to use it. Highlighted benefits included data privacy and enhanced collaboration, while challenges included data heterogeneity and technical complexity. The synthetic data survey had 22 respondents: 50% (n=11) were currently using synthetic imaging data, 36% (n=8) expressed interest in using it, and 14% (n=3) thought it should not be used. Among the respondents, 50% had created synthetic imaging data and 45% had used it in cardiovascular research. Advantages cited included privacy preservation, increased dataset size and diversity, improved data access, and reduced administrative burden. Concerns included potential biases, trust issues, privacy concerns, and the fact that the images were not real and may have limited diversity or quality.

Conclusion
Federated learning and synthetic data offer opportunities for advancing cardiovascular imaging research by addressing data privacy concerns and expanding data availability. However, challenges must be addressed to realise their full potential.
On the Distribution of the Error Terms in the Divisor and Circle Problems
Authors: Lamzouri Youness 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the distribution functions of several classical error terms in analytic number theory, focusing on the remainder term in the Dirichlet divisor problem $\Delta (x)$. We first bound the discrepancy between the distribution function of $\Delta (x)$ and that of a corresponding probabilistic random model, improving results of Heath-Brown and Lau. We then determine the shape of its large deviations in a certain uniform range, which we believe to be the limit of our method, given our current knowledge about the linear relations among the $\sqrt{n}$ for square-free positive integers $n$. Finally, we obtain similar results for the error terms in the Gauss circle problem and in the second moment of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line.
Evolutionary changes in the ovipositor shape of xyelid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) revealed by early fossils
Authors: Oyama Nozomu , Maeda Haruyoshi , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P , Shinoda Kenji , Takahashi Humio , Béthoux Olivier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Considering taxonomic diversity, extant xyelid sawflies represent a very small subset of the past diversity of the group. A complementary approach to investigate evolutionary changes in this family is to consider ovipositor morphology, an ecologically important organ. New, well-preserved specimens from the Upper Triassic Ominé locality (Momonoki Formation, Mine Group; Carnian; Japan) and belonging to the †Madygellinae, one of the earliest Xyelidae subfamilies, are newly described and assigned to four new species, belonging to three genera (one being new). Two of the specimens expose body parts and wings, providing important information regarding ovipositor morphology. To further appreciate the evolution of this organ, we surveyed both fossil and extant Xyelidae. Extant forms display both extremes of the range of ovipositor types, namely the high aspect ratio “dagger-like” and “needle-like” types (in Xyelinae) and the low aspect ratio “short and wide” type (in Macroxyelinae). All known Triassic representatives display high aspect ratio ovipositor types. In contrast, Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sawflies show the highest diversity of ovipositor types for the family. Afterwards, the observed range declined and concentrated on the two, very distinct types known nowadays. Decline in ovipositor disparity was not contemporaneous in Xyelinae and Macroxyelinae: specialization occurred during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition for the Xyelinae, while Macroxyelinae displayed their peak of diversity during the Lower Cretaceous, with a postponed decline. Ovipositor shape transition was probably accompanied with a larval diet change in Macroxyelinae. Ovipositor disparity therefore further contributes depicting extant Xyelidae as a subset on a once more diverse group.
Hardcore music ontologies
Authors: Mahoney Tim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hardcore increases the speed, intensity, and contradictions of punk rock. Considering prevailing theories of rock music ontologies in the light of hardcore art practices provides reasons to rethink what we thought. Hardcore shows how recording-centered ontologies, underemphasizing what goes into playback, miss the materiality of some recording artworks. Hardcore art practices also show how performance-centered ontologies force us to divorce the played music from its full, embodied performanced artwork. In both cases, I highlight hardcore art practices and how they conceive of artworks in a more multi-faceted fashion than either predominant view can fully capture.
Defective HIV-1 DNA pol sequences are not associated with HIV-1 DNA levels and drive most APOBEC-context drug resistance mutations
Authors: Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Coulon Pauline , Tetart Macha , Guigon Aurélie , Diarra Ava , Aissi Emmanuelle , Bazus Hélène , Derdour Vincent , Meybeck Agnès , Viget Nathalie , Hober Didier , Bocket Laurence , Robineau Olivier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The specificity of HIV-1 DNA genotypic resistance tests (GRTs) is hampered by the detection of the APOBEC-context drug resistance mutations (AC DRMs), usually harboured by replication-incompetent proviruses. We sought factors associated with defective sequences in the HIV-1 pol region. In addition, AC DRMs and their link with defective sequences were investigated.

Methods
We included ART-treated patients with viral suppression or plasma viral load (VL) lower than 200 copies/mL, who underwent HIV-1 DNA genotyping, with successful sequencing of protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) regions. Sequencing was performed using either the Sanger method or the Sentosa® NGS approach with a 20% cut-off. All hypermutated sequences and/or those containing at least one stop codon were considered defective.

Results
A total of 613 HIV-1 DNA GRTs were analysed. Defective sequences were identified for 186 samples (30.3%) including 65 PR sequences, 92 RT sequences and 65 IN sequences. No association, including HIV-1 DNA levels, was found with the detection of defective pol sequences. A total of 226 AC DRMs were recorded in all sequences. Most of these mutations (78%) were harboured by defective sequences. AC DRMs did not emerge in the plasma viral population, and likely do not impact the virological response to ART.

Conclusions
Defectives pol sequences were not associated with HIV-1 DNA levels and harboured most of the AC DRMs. Such mutations likely have no clinical impact, and should not be reported in routine practice. Consensus guidelines for reporting HIV-1 DNA GRTs are needed, especially for the assessment and management of AC DRMs.
Assessing the Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Bone Utilizing Machine Learning-assisted Opportunistic Quantitative Computed Tomography
Authors: Matheson Bryn E , Jaremko Jacob L , Dowhanik Alexandra , Gill Jasmine , Gallant Cassandra , Walker John , Armani Nathan , Leslie William D , Kolinsky Michael , Boyd Steven K , Ye Carrie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely used in cancer treatment, yet their impact on bone health remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a retrospective cohort study utilizing routine computed tomography (CT) scans from patients with melanoma to perform opportunistic quantitative CT (QCT) analysis to investigate the effects of ICI treatment on skeletal health, including volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measurements and osteoarthritis (OA) parameters. A previously established machine-learning assisted opportunistic QCT pipeline was used to estimate lumbar spine vBMD from baseline and 12-month follow-up CT scans in patients with melanoma treated with ICI therapy and those not treated with ICI therapy. Facet joint OA, osteophyte formation and endplate sclerosis was also graded. Independent and paired t tests were used to determine any differences in vBMD and OA parameters between ICI users and non-ICI users. Multivariable linear regression models were used to control for confounding variables. Non-ICI users had a significant decrease in vBMD of -6.96 mg/cm3 from baseline to follow-up, whereas the ICI users had no significant change. There was a significant difference in change in vBMD from baseline to follow-up between the two groups, with the non-ICI users experiencing a 11.22 mg/cm3 larger decrease in vBMD. After adjusting for baseline age, sex, baseline vBMD and change in OA parameters, this difference remained significant at -13.04 mg/cm3. Among the ICI users, those who had a decline in vBMD had a lower baseline vBMD compared to those who increased vBMD. Neither group showed a significant change in OA parameters over the follow-up period, nor a difference in change between ICI and non-ICI users, even after adjusting for sex, age and baseline OA parameters. While the effects of ICI treatment on vBMD may vary based on baseline bone health, ICIs do not significantly impact OA parameters in the short term.
Adverse events, success, and tolerability of biliary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with conscious sedation vs anaesthesia: a multi-centre prospective study
Authors: Smith Zachary L , Kayal Ahmed , Ruan Yibing , Lethebe Brendan Cord , Siersema Peter D , Padrón Alejandra Tepox , Alshammari Yousef , Samnani Sunil , Koury Hannah F , Chau Millie , Howarth Megan , Cartwright Shane , Brenner Darren R , Tavakkoli Anna , Keswani Rajesh N , Elmunzer Badih Joseph , Wani Sachin , Forbes Nauzer ,   CReATE Working Group, Chen Yen-I , Barkun Alan N , Singh Andrew , Hookey Lawrence , Arya Naveen , Calo Natalia Causada , Grover Samir C , Lei Yang , Li Suqing , Mohamed Rachid , Turbide Christian , Bishay Kirles , Gonzalez-Moreno Emmanuel , Meng Zhao Wu , Heitman Steven J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is performed using anaesthesia or conscious sedation, though the effectiveness, adverse events (AEs), and tolerability of each approach remain unclear. Thus, we compared these approaches prospectively.

Methods
We performed a multi-centre prospective cohort study including patients with native papillae undergoing ERCP for biliary indications between 2018 and 2023. The primary outcome was sedation-related AEs, defined as sustained hypoxaemia or hypotension, unplanned mask ventilation or intubation, vasopressor or reversal agent use, cardiorespiratory arrest, or death. Secondary outcomes included other AEs, technical success measures, and patient-reported tolerability using a validated scale. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in addition to propensity score-matched analyses.

Results
At 8 centres, a total of 3174 first-time biliary ERCPs were performed, 433 (13.6%) employing anaesthesia. Nine sedation-related AEs occurred with conscious sedation (0.3%), while 2 (0.5%) occurred with anaesthesia (odds ratio, OR, 0.35, 0.07-2.37). Only 25 (0.9%) conscious sedation-supported ERCPs were aborted due to the inability to appropriately sedate patients. There were no significant differences in other AE rates, cannulation success, time, or attempts, use of pre-cut or needle-knife access methods, or inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulation. Odds of significant patient-reported intra-procedural awareness and discomfort were both higher with conscious sedation (ORs 16.19, 4.81-54.53, and 21.25, 4.44-101.61, respectively). Propensity score-matched analyses yielded no differences in any outcome compared with primary analyses.

Conclusions
Routine biliary ERCP is equally safe and effective with conscious sedation (vs anaesthesia). Given regional resource limitations, conscious sedation is justified as a primary option for routine biliary ERCP.
Translating Fairtrade. Contact zones and discursive power in the global production network of certified Darjeeling tea
Authors: Wenner Miriam , Heidler Andri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The mechanisms through which voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) become effective as means of private governance and how they influence power relations in global production networks (GPNs) of certified goods are not well understood. Focussing on the last mile of VSS’ travel, we scrutinize the discursive dimension of power as it operates through the translation of Fairtrade in a local contact zone, namely Fairtrade trainings with workers at Indian tea plantations. Drawing on insights from postcolonial translation studies and actor-network-theory we show that the ways in which VSS are translated by cultural brokers are critical to processes of (dis)empowerment of workers. By showing how translation informs discursive power, our research offers a novel framework to unpack the power structures associated with private regulation as set within the context of multi-polar governance structures and the postcolonial legacies of places.
Laparoscopic surgery for giant retroperitoneal lymphangioma: a case report
Authors: Zhu Shengchang , Pan Jinggang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This case report describes a 66-year-old male diagnosed with a giant retroperitoneal lymphangioma, presenting with an abdominal mass confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Laparoscopic surgery was successfully performed to excise the mass, with histopathological examination confirming the diagnosis. The patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no signs of recurrence or metastasis observed at the three-month follow-up. This case underscores the feasibility and advantages of utilizing laparoscopic techniques in the management of large retroperitoneal lymphangiomas.
Perforator plus supraclavicular flap for reconstruction following resection of extensive recurrent basal cell carcinoma of face: a case report
Authors: Thapa Anup , Luitel Prajjwol , Paudel Sujan , Shrestha Asim , Sharma Ankit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas are common facial malignancies with minimally invasive treatment approaches effective in the majority of cases. Recurrent aggressive lesions pose significant challenges and need wide local excision with major reconstruction. Geriatric patient with multiple comorbidities needs customized reconstructions to minimize morbidity. We present a case of longstanding invasive confluent basal cell carcinoma involving right cheek, ear lobule, and retroauricular area. The perforator plus variant of supraclavicular flap was successfully used for closure of the large defect.
Courting controversy? The constitutional implications of the Court of Justice of the European Union’s involvement in the resolution of disputes after Brexit
Authors: O’Connor Niall , Karatzia Anastasia , Konstadinides Theodore 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article sheds light on the under-discussed, but nonetheless constitutionally significant issue of the changing landscape for dispute resolution between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) post-Brexit. This pertains, in particular, to the Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU) likely involvement in the resolution of disputes between the two parties across the arrangements governing both the UK’s withdrawal from and future relationship with the EU. The authors explore the dispute resolution mechanisms under the Withdrawal Agreement and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), as well as the Court’s ‘legacy role’ in relation to (former) EU law concepts beyond the confines of the two Agreements. This article thereby evaluates the constitutional importance of the future role of the CJEU as a dispute settlement forum in these contexts, including the relationship between sources of ‘norms’ and the extent to which the UK will remain subject to its jurisdiction, or at least its influence, in the long term, whether directly or indirectly. It is argued that the CJEU’s influence, as well as the authority of EU law in the UK more generally, is now mediated through domestic law concepts, such as the recently devised concept of ‘assimilated EU law’, which replaces ‘retained EU law’, and which have the capacity to obfuscate the constitutional origins and thereby the constitutional legacy of EU-derived concepts. The article further contends that the ostensibly restricted involvement of the CJEU in the UK–EU relationship after Brexit must be appraised through the prism of the Withdrawal Agreement and TCAs’ provisions, which possess uniform legal force in both jurisdictions. The Agreements indicate a more expansive and enduring constitutional role for the CJEU and EU law concepts broadly speaking, than the one the then UK Government has publicly conceived. Consequently, a notable dissonance emerges between the political objective of ‘taking back control’ and the reality created by the legal framework governing the UK’s cooperation with the EU including the mechanism for resolving future disputes. Despite Brexit, the CJEU will continue to shape the constitutional contours of the relationship between domestic and Union law as well as between domestic sources of law, for many years to come.