bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal measures of spontaneous brain activity reveal both common and divergent patterns of cortical functional organization
Authors: Vafaii Hadi , Mandino Francesca , Desrosiers-Grégoire Gabriel , O’Connor David , Markicevic Marija , Shen Xilin , Ge Xinxin , Herman Peter , Hyder Fahmeed , Papademetris Xenophon , Chakravarty Mallar , Crair Michael C. , Constable R. Todd , Lake Evelyn M. R. , Pessoa Luiz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLarge-scale functional networks have been characterized in both rodent and human brains, typically by analyzing fMRI-BOLD signals. However, the relationship between fMRI-BOLD and underlying neural activity is complex and incompletely understood, which poses challenges to interpreting network organization obtained using this technique. Additionally, most work has assumed a disjoint functional network organization (i.e., brain regions belong to one and only one network). Here, we employ wide-field Ca2+imaging simultaneously with fMRI-BOLD in mice expressing GCaMP6f in excitatory neurons. We determine cortical networks discovered by each modality using a mixed-membership algorithm to test the hypothesis that functional networks exhibit overlapping organization. We find that there is considerable network overlap (both modalities) in addition to disjoint organization. Our results show that multiple BOLD networks are detected via Ca2+signals, and networks determined by low-frequency Ca2+signals are only modestly more similar to BOLD networks. In addition, the principal gradient of functional connectivity is nearly identical for BOLD and Ca2+signals. Despite similarities, important differences are also detected across modalities, such as in measures of functional connectivity strength and diversity. In conclusion, Ca2+imaging uncovers overlapping functional cortical organization in the mouse that reflects several, but not all, properties observed with fMRI-BOLD signals.
Angiogenesis-on-a-chip coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing reveals spatially differential activations of autophagy along angiogenic sprouts
Authors: Lee Somin , Kim Hyunkyung , Kim Bum Suk , Chae Sehyun , Jung Sangmin , Lee Jung Seub , Yu James , Son Kyungmin , Chung Minhwan , Kim Jong Kyoung , Hwang Daehee , Baek Sung Hee , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral functions of autophagy associated with proliferation, differentiation, and migration of endothelial cells have been reported. Due to lack of models recapitulating angiogenic sprouting, functional heterogeneity of autophagy in endothelial cells along angiogenic sprouts remains elusive. Here, we apply an angiogenesis-on-a-chip to reconstruct 3D sprouts with clear endpoints. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing of sprouting endothelial cells from our chip to reveal high activation of autophagy in two endothelial cell populations- proliferating endothelial cells in sprout basements and stalk-like endothelial cells near sprout endpoints- and further the reciprocal expression pattern of autophagy-related genes between stalk- and tip-like endothelial cells near sprout endpoints, implying an association of autophagy with tip-stalk cell specification. Our results suggest a model describing spatially differential roles of autophagy: quality control of proliferating endothelial cells in sprout basements for sprout elongation and tip-stalk cell specification near sprout endpoints, which may change strategies for developing autophagy-based anti-angiogenic therapeutics.
The polyketide to fatty acid transition in the evolution of animal lipid metabolism
Authors: Lin Zhenjian , Li Feng , Krug Patrick J. , Schmidt Eric W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnimals synthesize simple lipids using a distinct fatty acid synthase (FAS) related to the type I polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes that produce complex specialized metabolites. The evolutionary origin of the animal FAS and its relationship to the diversity of PKSs remain unclear despite the critical role of lipid synthesis in cellular metabolism. Recently, an animal FAS-like PKS (AFPK) was identified in sacoglossan molluscs. Here, we explore the phylogenetic distribution of AFPKs and other PKS and FAS enzymes across the tree of life. We found AFPKs widely distributed in arthropods and molluscs (>6300 newly described AFPK sequences). The AFPKs form a clade with the animal FAS, providing an evolutionary link bridging the type I PKSs and the animal FAS. We found molluscan AFPK diversification correlated with shell loss, suggesting AFPKs provide a chemical defense. Arthropods have few or no PKSs, but our results indicate AFPKs contributed to their ecological and evolutionary success by facilitating branched hydrocarbon and pheromone biosynthesis. Although animal metabolism is well studied, surprising new metabolic enzyme classes such as AFPKs await discovery.
Electrical tuning of branched flow of light
Authors: Chang Shan-shan , Wu Ke-Hui , Liu Si-jia , Lin Zhi-Kang , Wu Jin-bing , Ge Shi-jun , Chen Lu-Jian , Chen Peng , Hu Wei , Xu Yadong , Chen Huanyang , He Dahai , Yang Da-Quan , Jiang Jian-Hua , Lu Yan-qing , Chen Jin-hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBranched flows occur ubiquitously in various wave systems, when the propagating waves encounter weak correlated scattering potentials. Here we report the experimental realization of electrical tuning of the branched flow of light using a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) system. We create the physical realization of the weakly correlated disordered potentials of light via the inhomogeneous orientations of the NLC. We demonstrate that the branched flow of light can be switched on and off as well as tuned continuously through the electro-optical properties of NLC film. We further show that the branched flow can be manipulated by the polarization of the incident light due to the optical anisotropy of the NLC film. The nature of the branched flow of light is revealed via the unconventional intensity statistics and the rapid fidelity decay along the light propagation. Our study unveils an excellent platform for the tuning of the branched flow of light which creates a testbed for fundamental physics and offers a new way for steering light.
Solar-driven membrane separation for direct lithium extraction from artificial salt-lake brine
Authors: Zhang Shenxiang , Wei Xian , Cao Xue , Peng Meiwen , Wang Min , Jiang Lin , Jin Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe demand for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines is increasing to address the lithium supply shortage. Nanofiltration separation technology with high Mg2+/Li+ separation efficiency has shown great potential for lithium extraction. However, it usually requires diluting the brine with a large quantity of freshwater and only yields Li+-enriched solution. Inspired by the process of selective ion uptake and salt secretion in mangroves, we report here the direct extraction of lithium from salt-lake brines by utilizing the synergistic effect of ion separation membrane and solar-driven evaporator. The ion separation membrane-based solar evaporator is a multilayer structure consisting of an upper photothermal layer to evaporate water, a hydrophilic porous membrane in the middle to generate capillary pressure as the driving force for water transport, and an ultrathin ion separation membrane at the bottom to allow Li+ to pass through and block other multivalent ions. This process exhibits excellent lithium extraction capability. When treating artificial salt-lake brine with salt concentration as high as 348.4 g L−1, the Mg2+/Li+ ratio is reduced by 66 times (from 19.8 to 0.3). This research combines ion separation with solar-driven evaporation to directly obtain LiCl powder, providing an efficient and sustainable approach for lithium extraction.
Obtaining auxetic and isotropic metamaterials in counterintuitive design spaces: an automated optimization approach and experimental characterization
Authors: Meier Timon , Li Runxuan , Mavrikos Stefanos , Blankenship Brian , Vangelatos Zacharias , Yildizdag M. Erden , Grigoropoulos Costas P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in manufacturing, finite element analysis (FEA), and optimization techniques have expanded the design possibilities for metamaterials, including isotropic and auxetic structures, known for applications like energy absorption due to their unique deformation mechanism and consistent behavior under varying loads. However, achieving simultaneous control of multiple properties, such as optimal isotropic and auxetic characteristics, remains challenging. This paper introduces a systematic design approach that combines modeling, FEA, genetic algorithm, and optimization to create tailored mechanical behavior in metamaterials. Through strategically arranging 8 distinct neither isotropic nor auxetic unit cell states, the stiffness tensor in a 5 × 5 × 5 cubic symmetric lattice structure is controlled. Employing the NSGA-II genetic algorithm and automated modeling, we yield metamaterial lattice structures possessing both desired isotropic and auxetic properties. Multiphoton lithography fabrication and experimental characterization of the optimized metamaterial highlights a practical real-world use and confirms the close correlation between theoretical and experimental data.
Genetic ancestry and diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in a diverse population
Authors: Mavura Yusuph , Sahin-Hodoglugil Nuriye , Hodoglugil Ugur , Kvale Mark , Martin Pierre-Marie , Van Ziffle Jessica , Devine W. Patrick , Ackerman Sara L. , Koenig Barbara A. , Kwok Pui-Yan , Norton Mary E. , Slavotinek Anne , Risch Neil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt has been suggested that diagnostic yield (DY) from Exome Sequencing (ES) may be lower among patients with non-European ancestries than those with European ancestry. We examined the association of DY with estimated continental/subcontinental genetic ancestry in a racially/ethnically diverse pediatric and prenatal clinical cohort. Cases (N = 845) with suspected genetic disorders underwent ES for diagnosis. Continental/subcontinental genetic ancestry proportions were estimated from the ES data. We compared the distribution of genetic ancestries in positive, negative, and inconclusive cases by Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests and linear associations of ancestry with DY by Cochran-Armitage trend tests. We observed no reduction in overall DY associated with any genetic ancestry (African, Native American, East Asian, European, Middle Eastern, South Asian). However, we observed a relative increase in proportion of autosomal recessive homozygous inheritance versus other inheritance patterns associated with Middle Eastern and South Asian ancestry, due to consanguinity. In this empirical study of ES for undiagnosed pediatric and prenatal genetic conditions, genetic ancestry was not associated with the likelihood of a positive diagnosis, supporting the equitable use of ES in diagnosis of previously undiagnosed but potentially Mendelian disorders across all ancestral populations.
Cross-platform comparison of arbitrary quantum processes
Authors: Zheng Congcong , Yu Xutao , Wang Kun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we present a protocol for comparing the performance of arbitrary quantum processes executed on spatially or temporally disparate quantum platforms using Local Operations and Classical Communication (LOCC). The protocol involves sampling local unitary operators, which are then communicated to each platform via classical communication to construct quantum state preparation and measurement circuits. Subsequently, the local unitary operators are implemented on each platform, resulting in the generation of probability distributions of measurement outcomes. The max process fidelity is estimated from the probability distributions, which ultimately quantifies the relative performance of the quantum processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this protocol can be adapted for quantum process tomography. We apply the protocol to compare the performance of five quantum devices from IBM and the “Qianshi" quantum computer from Baidu via the cloud. The experimental results unveil two notable aspects: Firstly, the protocol adeptly compares the performance of the quantum processes implemented on different quantum computers. Secondly, the protocol scales, although still exponentially, much more favorably with the number of qubits, when compared to the full quantum process tomography. We view our work as a catalyst for collaborative efforts in cross-platform comparison of quantum computers.
Satellite mapping reveals extensive industrial activity at sea
Authors: Paolo Fernando S. , Kroodsma David , Raynor Jennifer , Hochberg Tim , Davis Pete , Cleary Jesse , Marsaglia Luca , Orofino Sara , Thomas Christian , Halpin Patrick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe world’s population increasingly relies on the ocean for food, energy production and global trade1–3, yet human activities at sea are not well quantified4,5. We combine satellite imagery, vessel GPS data and deep-learning models to map industrial vessel activities and offshore energy infrastructure across the world’s coastal waters from 2017 to 2021. We find that 72–76% of the world’s industrial fishing vessels are not publicly tracked, with much of that fishing taking place around South Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa. We also find that 21–30% of transport and energy vessel activity is missing from public tracking systems. Globally, fishing decreased by 12 ± 1% at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and had not recovered to pre-pandemic levels by 2021. By contrast, transport and energy vessel activities were relatively unaffected during the same period. Offshore wind is growing rapidly, with most wind turbines confined to small areas of the ocean but surpassing the number of oil structures in 2021. Our map of ocean industrialization reveals changes in some of the most extensive and economically important human activities at sea.
Treatment outcomes for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in dialysis patients
Authors: Kim Seonju , Lee Dong Kyu , Kim Hae-rim , Park Jung Mee , Kim Soon Bae , Yu Hoon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIdiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is challenging for both nephrologists and otolaryngologists treating patients undergoing dialysis. This single-center, retrospective, observational study investigated the treatment outcomes of patients with ISSNHL undergoing dialysis, enrolling 700 patients (47 undergoing and 653 not undergoing dialysis) diagnosed with ISSNHL between January 2005 and December 2021 at Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea. To balance pre-existing clinical characteristics, 1:5 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed with the patients who were not undergoing dialysis. Treatment included high-dose systemic steroid therapy or intra-tympanic steroid injections. The pure tone average of the groups was compared before and 2 weeks and 2 months after treatment. The hearing-improvement degree was evaluated using Siegel's criteria. Before PSM, age, prevalence of diabetes or hypertension, initial hearing threshold at each frequency level (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz), and treatment strategies exhibited significant between-group differences. However, in the PS-matched cohort, none of the confounders showed significant between-group differences. Two months after steroid treatment, the non-dialysis patient group demonstrated significantly higher average improvement in pure tone audiometry (P = 0.029) and greater percentage of complete response according to Siegel's criteria. This study suggests that treatment outcomes for ISSNHL are significantly poorer for patients undergoing than for those not undergoing dialysis.
Exposure to air pollution and ovarian reserve parameters
Authors: Wieczorek Katarzyna , Szczęsna Dorota , Radwan Michał , Radwan Paweł , Polańska Kinga , Kilanowicz Anna , Jurewicz Joanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExposure to air pollution is associated with many different health effects, especially cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Additionally, highly significant links between exposure to air pollution and fertility, particularly male fertility was observed, however the studies regarding exposure to selected air pollutants and female fertility assessed by ovarian reserve are rare. Hence, the main aim of the study was to analyze relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and ovarian reserve parameters among Polish women. The study population consisted of 511 women, who attended to infertility clinic because of diagnostic purposes. Participants filled in the questionnaire about social-demographic, lifestyle and health factors. Infertility specialists assessed ovarian parameters such as: antral follicle count (AFC) and concentration of hormones: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2). The air pollutants level (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matters) were obtained via National Environmental Protection Inspectorate database. Significant negative association between PM2,5 and AMH (p = 0.032), as well as AFC (p = 0.044) was observed. Moreover, SO2 concentrations decrease AFC (p = 0.038). The results also suggest that PM10, PM2.5, SO2 exposure on antral follicle count may be more pronounced among women with a female factor infertility diagnosis. Additionally, exposure to PM2.5 and NOx on AFC and AMH was stronger among older women (> 35 years of age). To conclude, the present study found that air pollution could lead to decrease in follicle antral count and Anti-Müllerian hormone level, especially exposure to PM2,5 and SO2 thus the evidence suggest negative impact to ovarian reserve.
Facile construction of ZIF-94/PAN nanofiber by electrospinning for the removal of Co(II) from wastewater
Authors: Yin Cong , Peng Yinyin , Li Hongjiang , Yang Guang , Yuan Guoyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to synthesize a novel nanofiber adsorbent based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), ZIF-94-PAN, by incorporating ZIF-94 into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) through electrospinning. The investigation of the adsorption characteristics of ZIF-94-PAN for cobalt ions was undertaken, yielding findings that suggest an optimum ZIF-94 loading content within the ZIF-94-PAN composite of 8%. The adsorption experiments revealed that, under pH 8.3 and 298 K, ZIF-94-PAN-8% attained cobalt ion equilibrium adsorption (139.08 mg/g). Additionally, the adsorption kinetics of cobalt ions exhibited conformity with the pseudo-second-order model, whereas adherence to the Freundlich isotherm model indicated a non-homogeneous, endothermic process. XPS analysis unveiled that the adsorption mechanism was characterized by the coordination of nitrogen and oxygen atoms within ZIF-94-PAN with cobalt ions. This study effectively addressed the challenges of separating and recovering MOFs adsorbents by fabricating them as nanofibers. The remarkable adsorption performance and stability of the ZIF-94-PAN nanofibers highlight their potential for removing cobalt-contaminated wastewater.
Reduced length of intensive care unit stay and early mechanical ventilator weaning with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in free fibula flap surgery
Authors: Hsiao Wei-Ling , Wu Yao-Cheng , Tai Hao-Chih 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program on postoperative recovery of patients who underwent free fibula flap surgery for mandibular reconstruction. This retrospective study included 188 patients who underwent free fibula flap surgery for complex mandibular and soft tissue defects between January 2011 and December 2022. We divided them into two groups: the ERAS group, consisting of 36 patients who were treated according to the ERAS program introduced from 2021 to 2022. Propensity score matching was used for the non-ERAS group, which comprised 36 cases selected from 152 patients between 2011 and 2020, based on age, sex, and smoking history. After propensity score matching, the ERAS and non-ERAS groups included 36 patients each. The primary outcome was the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay; the secondary outcomes were flap complications, unplanned reoperation, 30-day readmission, postoperative ventilator use length, surgical site infections, incidence of delirium within ICU, lower-limb comorbidities, and morbidity parameters. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of the patients. However, the ERAS group showed the lower length of intensive care unit stay (ERAS vs non-ERAS: 8.66 ± 3.90 days vs. 11.64 ± 5.42 days, P = 0.003) and post-operative ventilator use days (ERAS vs non-ERAS: 1.08 ± 0.28 days vs. 2.03 ± 1.05 days, P < 0.001). Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, patients in the ERAS group had lower postoperative morbidity parameters, such as postoperative nausea, vomiting, urinary tract infections, and pulmonary complications (P = 0.042). The ERAS program could be beneficial and safe for patients undergoing free fibula flap surgery for mandibular reconstruction, thereby improving their recovery and not increasing flap complications and 30-day readmission.
Machine learning-based radiomics strategy for prediction of acquired EGFR T790M mutation following treatment with EGFR-TKI in NSCLC
Authors: Lu Jiameng , Ji Xiaoqing , Liu Xinyi , Jiang Yunxiu , Li Gang , Fang Ping , Li Wei , Zuo Anli , Guo Zihan , Yang Shuran , Ji Yanbo , Lu Degan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Thr790 Met (T790M) mutation is responsible for approximately half of the acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Identifying patients at diagnosis who are likely to develop this mutation after first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI treatment is crucial for better treatment outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a radiomics-based machine learning (ML) approach to predict the T790M mutation in NSCLC patients at diagnosis. We collected retrospective data from 210 positive EGFR mutation NSCLC patients, extracting 1316 radiomics features from CT images. Using the LASSO algorithm, we selected 10 radiomics features and 2 clinical features most relevant to the mutations. We built models with 7 ML approaches and assessed their performance through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The radiomics model and combined model, which integrated radiomics features and relevant clinical factors, achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.81) and 0.86 (0.87–0.88), respectively, in predicting the T790M mutation. Our study presents a convenient and noninvasive radiomics-based ML model for predicting this mutation at the time of diagnosis, aiding in targeted treatment planning for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.