bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis after prosthetic laryngoplasty and bilateral ventriculectomy for laryngeal hemiplegia in horses: 70 cases (1986-1991)
Authors: Russell Alice Pooley , Slone Donnie E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 70 horses diagnosed with left laryngeal hemiplegia that were treated by use of prosthetic laryngoplasty combined with bilateral ventriculectomy were examined. Degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction that had resulted from the prosthesis had been graded before the horse was discharged from the hospital. Follow-up information through owner/trainer questioning was acquired for 55 horses. Information concerning the type and frequency of complications, if any, was recorded, along with a determination of owner/trainer satisfaction regarding surgical results. Race records were acquired for 42 horses and were used to aid in evaluation of postoperative performance. After surgery, Thoroughbred racehorses had a much lower success rate (48%; 19 of 40 horses), determined from owner/trainer questioning, than did all breeds in the study that were not intended for racing (93%; 14 of 15 horses). Younger Thoroughbred racehorses had a better success rate (70%; 14/20) than did those ≥ 3 years old (25%; 5/20). Degree of arytenoid abduction had little effect on outcome, except that horses with maximal abduction (grade 5) of the arytenoid cartilage had a higher prevalence of complications and poor correction. The 2 most prevalent complications were exercise intolerance (42%; 23 of 55 horses) and continuing noise when exercising (47%; 26 of 55 horses).
Your legal rights before, during, and after an inspection by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Authors: Richard Kerry M. 
Published: December 2023

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was developed to ensure that every American has a safe and healthy work environment. An important component of OSHA's mission is to develop and promulgate minimum standards for workplace safety, and we recently published, JAVMA fan 15, 1994 through Mar 1, 1994, a series of articles giving practical suggestions for complying with current OSHA standards. However, an equally important part of OSHA's mission is inspection of American workplaces to determine whether those workplaces are complying with safety standards. Few veterinarians know what to expect during an OSHA inspection, nor understand what their rights and responsibilities are. In this article, Ms. Richard, an attorney who specializes in management labor and employment law, outlines what to expect and what to do if your practice is inspected by the OSHA.
Please remember that the information in this article is based on the author's best interpretation of current law. However, the law can change, and the accuracy of any interpretation of the law can be challenged by the OSHA. Therefore, information in this article is intended to be only a guideline and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal advice. Veterinarians are advised to consult with their own attorneys for advice on specific matters. Finally, this information is based on current federal OSHA guidelines. Veterinary practices located in one of the 25 states and territories with OSHA-approved state plans may have to comply with slightly different guidelines.—Kurt J. Matushek, Assistant Editor.
Prevalence of cystine and urate uroliths in Bulldogs and urate uroliths in Dalmatians
Authors: Bartges Joseph W. , Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. , Unger Lisa K. , Koehler Lori A. , Bird Kathy A. , Clinton Chris W. , Davenport Marion P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Data were evaluated from all dogs admitted to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UMVTH) between June 1, 1981 and Dec 31, 1991. During this period, uroliths were retrieved and analyzed from 452 of 37,574 dogs admitted. The odds that uroliths from Bulldogs were composed of cystine were 32.3 times greater than for other breeds evaluated. The odds that a Bulldog admitted was affected with cystine uroliths were 154.1 times greater than for other breeds. Cystine uroliths were retrieved only from male Bulldogs. The odds that uroliths from Bulldogs were composed of urate were 7.9 times greater than for other breeds. The odds that a Bulldog admitted was affected with urate uroliths were 43.0 times greater than for other breeds. Male Bulldogs were 14.3 times more likely to be affected with urate uroliths than were females. The odds that uroliths from Dalmatians were composed of urate were 228.9 times greater than for other breeds. The odds that a Dalmatian admitted was affected with urate uroliths were 122.4 times greater than for other breeds. Male Dalmatians were 16.4 times more likely to be affected with urate uroliths than were females.
Data also were evaluated from files of canine uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center for quantitative mineral analysis between June 1, 1981 and Dec 31, 1991. During this period, 94 of 11,188 uroliths analyzed were obtained from Bulldogs and 387 were obtained from Dalmatians. The odds that uroliths retrieved from Bulldogs were composed of cystine were 40.7 times greater than for other breeds. Cystine uroliths were retrieved only from male Bulldogs. The odds that uroliths retrieved from Bulldogs were composed of urate were 16.4 times greater than for other breeds. Although 88.6% of urate uroliths were retrieved from male Bulldogs, the odds ratios for males were not significantly different than for females. The odds that uroliths retrieved from Dalmatians were composed of urate were 162.4 times greater than for other breeds. Although 93.0% of urate uroliths were retrieved from male Dalmatians, the odds ratio for males was not significantly different than for females.
Epidemiologic findings from an outbreak of cysticercosis in feedlot cattle
Authors: Yoder Darwin R. , Ebel Eric D. , Hancock Dale D. , Combs Bret A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An outbreak of cysticercosis in a south-central Idaho custom feedlot reached a peak prevalence of 11% in January 1993 and extended from October 1992 through March 1993. Of 5,164 cattle slaughtered from this feedlot during the outbreak, 457 (9%) were cysticercosis infected. Total discounts on the infected cattle at slaughter cost the feedlot $154,400.
Most evidence was suggestive of feed-borne transmission of Taenia saginata eggs to the cattle in the feedlot. By use of logistic regression analysis of feedlot records, significant (P = 0.004) association of cysticercosis prevalence at slaughter with days on feed was revealed. Similarly, a decline in cysticercosis prevalence was significantly (P < 0.001) related to the number of days cattle were fed a ration not containing potato byproduct. Although sources other than potato byproduct were systematically evaluated during the investigation, findings suggested that potato byproduct fed in this feedlot was contaminated with T saginata eggs.
Mitotane treatment of 32 dogs with cortisol-secreting adrenocortical neoplasms
Authors: Kintzer Peter P. , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirty-two dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by cortisol-secreting adrenocortical neoplasia were treated with mitotane at an initial daily induction dosage of 27.5 to 75.0 mg/kg of body weight (mean, 46.3 mg/kg) for 10 to 14 days. All dogs received daily maintenance glucocorticoid supplementation during the induction period. After 2 weeks, the ACTH-stimulated serum cortisol concentration had decreased to within or below the reference range for baseline cortisol concentration in 18 (56.3%) of the 32 dogs; the remaining 14 (43.7%) still responded to ACTH administration with serum cortisol concentrations above the reference range. In these 14 dogs, mitotane was continued at a higher daily dosage (mean, 60.7 mg/kg) for an additional 1 to 9 weeks. Serum cortisol concentration subsequently fell within or below the reference range for baseline cortisol concentration in all but 1 dog. In 30 of the 32 dogs, mitotane was continued at an initial mean maintenance dosage of 101.6 mg/kg/wk, divided into 2 to 5 doses. Twenty-two dogs received prednisone daily (0.2 mg/kg) throughout the maintenance period. One or more relapses occurred in 19 (63%) of the 30 dogs. In dogs with relapse, the mean maintenance mitotane dosage was increased from 98.1 mg/kg/wk to a high of 212.4 mg/kg/wk. After a mean maintenance treatment time of 13.2 months, final mean maintenance dosage required in the 30 dogs ranged from 35.3 to 1,273 mg/kg/wk. Adverse effects were seen in 19 (59.4%) of the 32 dogs as a result of a drug toxicosis associated with high-dosage administration of mitotane, low serum cortisol concentration, or both. Complete glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid deficiency (Addison's disease) developed in 3 dogs after mitotane treatment. Mean survival time of the 32 dogs was 16.4 months (range, 20 days to 5.1 years). Six dogs died or were euthanatized as a result of progression of adrenal carcinoma and 4 because of complications associated with hyperadrenocorticism. Results of this study revealed that mitotane is an effective and acceptable alternative to surgery in most dogs with cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors. Of the 32 dogs, 66% were considered to have a good to excellent response to treatment. In general, the response in dogs without evidence of metastatic disease was better than in those dogs with known metastatic disease.
Weight, water, and cation losses in horses competing in a three-day event
Authors: Andrews Frank M. , Ralston Sarah L. , Sommardahl Carla S. , Maykuth Patricia L. , Green Eleanor M. , White Susan L. , Williamson Lisa H. , Holmes Cheryl A. , Geiser Dennis R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Body weight of 48 horses competing in a 3-day event was measured the day before the event (baseline), following the dressage phase of the event (day 1), after the endurance phases of the event (day 2), and 18 to 24 hours after the endurance phases (day 3). Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were measured the evening before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after the endurance phases. Total body water, water loss, and net exchangeable cation loss were then calculated.
Body weight and total body water were significantly decreased, compared with baseline values, at all times during the event, and significant water loss was detected. The largest changes were recorded after the endurance phases of the event. Water deficits were still detected 18 to 24 hours after the endurance phases of the event.
Mean plasma sodium concentration was significantly increased immediately after the endurance phases of the event, compared with concentration measured the evening before, and remained increased after the 10-minute recovery period, presumably because of dehydration. Mean plasma potassium concentration was significantly increased immediately after the endurance phases of the event, compared with concentration measured the evening before, but was not increased after the 10-minute recovery period.
Digital flexor tendon lacerations in horses: 50 cases (1975-1990)
Authors: Taylor D. Scott , Pascoe John R. , Meagher Dennis M. , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The medical records of 50 horses examined because of lacerations of the tendon of the superficial or deep digital flexor muscle were reviewed to determine whether any injury or treatment factors could be associated with outcome. Median age of horses treated was 4.5 years (range, 1.5 years to 15 years), and the median follow-up time was 5 years (range, 1.5 to 16 years) after injury. Horses were considered to have survived if they were alive more than 1 year after injury. Twelve of 16 horses that had 1 or the other tendon transected survived; 13 of 16 horses that had both tendons transected survived; and 14 of 18 horses that had partial tendon disruptions of 1 or both tendons survived. Of the 39 surviving horses, 27 horses returned to their original use, and 32 horses were sound for riding. Nine horses with 1 or both tendons transected were being used for athletic activities. Lacerated tendons were sutured in 16 horses, and 15 of these survived. Tendons were not sutured in 34 horses, and 24 of these survived. We were not able to detect any association between outcome and tendon sheath involvement or between outcome and limb involvement (forelimb vs hind limb).
Comparison of susceptibility for hip dysplasia between Rottweilers and German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Popovitch Catherine A. , Smith Gail K. , Gregor Thomas P. , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Passive laxity of the coxofemoral joints, as measured quantitatively by radiographing the joints under stress, has been shown to be an accurate measure of the risk for developing degenerative joint disease (djd) of the coxofemoral joints. Seventy-four Rottweilers between 12 and 40 months old were evaluated subjectively for radiographic evidence of djd, using the ventrodorsal view of the pelvis with the coxofemoral joints fully extended and the knees internally rotated (standard hip-extended view). Effect of age, sex, weight, and distraction index on the risk of developing djd was evaluated by use of a logistic regression model. Results were compared with those from a group of German Shepherd Dogs. Results indicated that in Rottweilers the distraction index was the only statistically significant predictor of the risk of developing djd of the coxofemoral joint. When German Shepherd Dogs were included in the model, they had a significantly greater risk of developing djd than did Rottweilers. This finding provides further support for the theory that there are differences in disease susceptibility among breeds and emphasizes the need to develop disease susceptibility curves for all breeds affected by hip dysplasia to facilitate accurate, scientifically based recommendations for breeding or treatment.
Effect of surgical removal of subcutaneous tumors on survival of rats
Authors: Hotchkiss Charlotte E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Mammary and other subcutaneous tumors were surgically removed from aged Sprague-Dawley rats in an attempt to extend survival. The surgical technique was straightforward, and survival following mastectomy was good (17/21). The number of mammary and pituitary tumors in sexually intact rats and those that had previously undergone ovariectomy were compared. The frequency of mammary tumors was significantly lower in ovariectomized vs sexually intact rats (2/47 vs 24/49), as was the frequency of pituitary adenomas (2/46 vs 27/41). Survival to 630 days of age was higher in ovariectomized than in sexually intact rats (42/47 vs 29/49), although tumors did not contribute significantly to mortality.
Bacteriologic culture and histologic examination of samples collected from recumbent cattle at slaughter
Authors: Edwards John F. , Simpson R. Bruce , Brown Wendy C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate the potential food safety risks constituted by recumbent cattle that are slaughtered for edible beef.

Design—
Prospective case series.

Animals—
Thirty cattle in recumbency that passed a routine antemortem inspection at a US federally inspected abattoir.

Procedure—
Aerobic, bacteriologic culture of blood samples taken immediately prior to slaughter and of spleens taken during viscera inspection. Gross lesions were recorded, and samples of liver, lung, kidney, and heart were collected from each animal for routine light microscopic examination.

Results—
Bacteremia caused by Salmonella dublin was documented in 1 cow that had arthritis. Two other cows were condemned after postmortem inspection: 1 because of pneumonia and pleuritis and the other because of vegetative endocarditis. Three carcasses were retained and later condemned because of antibiotic residues in tissues; 1 of these cows had mastitis, 1 had liver abscesses, and 1 was the cow with vegetative endocarditis. Sarcocystosis was found in 27 of 30 hearts, but other clinically important histologic lesions were observed only in liver samples. In 11 of the 30 cows, multifocal, microscopic foci of hepatitis were observed, suggesting that terminal embolic bacterial showering of the liver had occurred in these animals. Liver samples were not submitted for bacteriologic culture.

Clinical Implications—
Most recumbent cows slaughtered for edible beef are not contaminated by bacteria; however, the viscera from these animals may present a food safety danger. Efforts should be made to develop rapid tests to identify bacteremic animals at slaughter and to more fully evaluate terminal showering of viscera by bacteria in cattle at slaughter.
Benefit-cost analysis of the national Pseudorabies virus eradication program
Authors: Miller Gay Y. , Tsai Jyan-Syung , Forster D. Lynn 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An epidemiologic model of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) in swine was developed. This model was used to project future herd-to-herd disease transmission under alternative eradication or control programs over 20 years (1993 to 2012). With current PRV eradication program funding, it was projected that prevalence would be 23% in higher-risk states in the United States, 10% in moderate-risk states, and 1% in lower-risk states. Increased funding for the PRV eradication program was projected to reduce PRV prevalence substantially.
Productivity and economic impacts of PRV also were estimated for the average size farrow-to-finish operation. These impacts included mortality for preweaning, nursery, growing/finishing, and breeding hogs; market weights and number of market hogs sold; farrowing rates, number of live pigs per litter, and number of litters per sow-year. Profitability was estimated to be $6/cwt less for PRV-in-fected herds than for uninfected herds.
Aggregate effects of PRV eradication programs were estimated by use of economic welfare analysis. For all PRV eradication program alternatives analyzed, consumers were the major beneficiaries of the program because of reduced prices and increased consumption of pork. Estimates of the value of economic welfare impacts under the current program with an assumed parallel supply-curve shift were determined: consumers gained $336.5 million; producers gained $35.9 million; government expenditures were $197.1 million; and the benefit/cost ratio of the program was 1.89. Economic welfare measures were projected to increase substantially with increased PRV eradication program funding. Economic welfare measures also were estimated under other assumptions.
Hepatic abscesses in dogs: 14 cases (1982-1994)
Authors: Farrar Elizabeth T. , Washabau Robert J. , Saunders H. Mark 
Published: December 2023

Objectives—
To determine typical clinical signs and clin-icopathologic findings in dogs with hepatic abscesses, to assess outcome of treatment, and to evaluate the role that abdominal ultrasonography has in the diagnosis of hepatic abscesses in dogs and in monitoring response to treatment.

Design—
Retrospective case series.

Animals—
14 dogs with hepatic abscesses.

Results—
Anorexia and lethargy were the most common historical complaints, followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Physical abnormalities included fever, dehydration, signs of abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and mucosal bleeding. Hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia, mild to moderate thrombocytopenia, and mild anemia. Serum biochemical abnormalities included high alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities and high bilirubin concentration; hypoalbuminemia and prolonged coagulation values were also reported. Abdominal radiography revealed hepatomegaly, poor abdominal detail, a hepatic mass, or splenomegaly in 9 dogs. Thoracic radiography revealed alveolar consolidation or mixed bronchial/interstitial pulmonary patterns in 6 dogs. Hypoechoic, heteroechoic, or hyperechoic masses were identified in all dogs in which ultrasonography was performed. Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S intermedius were the most common bacteria isolated from hepatic abscesses. Concurrent infections were identified in the biliary tract, spleen, blood, endocardium, lung, prostate gland, peritoneum, lymph nodes, salivary gland, or brain of several dogs.
Seven dogs died or were euthanatized before definitive treatment could be initiated. One dog was successfully treated with antibiotics and was alive 12 months after medical treatment. Six dogs were treated surgically (ie, full or partial liver lobectomy, drainage, abdominal lavage) and medically (ie, antibiotic administration). Five of these dogs survived and were alive 12 months after surgery. Ultrasonography was used to monitor response to treatment in several dogs.

Clinical Implications—
Hepatic abscesses are rare in dogs, but the clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings are similar to other inflammatory hepatic diseases. Ultrasonography revealed abnormalities in all animals in which imaging studies were performed, and was successfully used to monitor response to treatment in several dogs. Medical and surgical treatments were used successfully to treat hepatic abscesses in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:243-247)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses in Louisiana
Authors: Seahorn Thomas L. , Groves Michael G. , Harrington Kathleen S. , Beadle Ralph E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of horses in Louisiana by assessing the signalment, history, environmental factors, clinical signs, and treatment of such horses.

Design—
Epidemiologic mail survey.

Sample Population—
83 of 240 veterinarians contacted by mail agreed to take part in the survey. Veterinarians contacted were listed as mixed-animal or equine practitioners in the 1991/1992 directory of the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Association or had submitted a specimen from a horse to the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory within the past 2 years.

Procedure—
The survey contained 47 questions designed to elicit information from owners and veterinarians about horses reported to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Questions were included to evaluate age, breed, sex, vaccination history, respiratory disease history, environment of primary activity, level of exercise, primary residence (pasture or stall), condition of pasture or barn, type and condition of feed, clinical signs, concurrent conditions, and treatment regimen prescribed. Information from the returned forms was analyzed by using a microcomputer program designed for epidemiologic data.

Results—
Of the 83 veterinarians who agreed to participate, 31 returned 71 completed questionnaires for horses affected with COPD. Most affected horses were mature in age, kept on pasture, and had developed clinical signs during the summer months. The most consistent clinical signs were dry coughing, slight serous nasal discharge, labored expiratory effort, and flaring nostrils.

Clinical Implications—
Summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease appears to be precipitated by factors different than those associated with the traditionally diagnosed form of COPD and, thus, successful management measures may also vary. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:248-251)