bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Dissection of Economically Important Traits in Chilli Genotypes (Capsicum annuum L.) through Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Umesh Babu B. S.  , Tembhurne, B. V.  , Honnappa M.  , Kuchanur P. H.  , Kisan B.  
Published: November 2023

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar share a variety of different and intriguing growth and yield characteristics, for a plant breeder studies on genotypic and phenotypic relationship for horticulture cum vegetable spicy crop and its traits are useful to design, evaluate and to develop selection criteria for desired traits. With this background information the present study focused on identification of crucial characteristics required for boosting yield and to determine the parameters for the selection of superior genotypes. A total of 30 chilli genotypes were subjected to variability, divergence and mutual correlation studies for yield and yield component traits by using multivariate analysis.
Results from the analysis of variance and variability revealed highly significant differences at (p≤0.01) and (p≤0.05) for all the studied traits. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed for FL fallowed by FYP, NFP, IFW, WPDM, FD, PH and NSF respectively, except for MC has revealed low GCV and PCV. All the traits were shown the presence of high heritability ( ) in broad sense (>60%) coupled with high GAM (>20%), except for MC, indicating the presence of positive additive gene action and effective transmission of characters to the next generation with selection. Highly significant and positive strong correlation was observed for IFW (r = 0.68**), WPDM (r = 0.54**), TW (r = 0.40*) and FD (r = 0.37*) with FYP, while the path analysis revealed highest direct effect for the traits such as FPT, FL and NFP. Principle component analysis revealed a 70.60% total variation accounted with first four PCAs with Eigen vector values more than one.
Further cluster analysis grouped the 30 chilli genotypes into four major cluster (Cluster I, II, III and IV) and combined cluster analysis identified genotypes contributing to the maximum variability, viz., cultivars such as LIPSTICK, B.KADDI, B.DABBI, BHOOT JALOKIA, SUM- 17, BCH- 42, PBC- 80, LCA- 310, M- 262, KA2- L, S. SELECTION 1, JCH- 42 and 9608- U, so these genotypes serves as a donor for further breeding programme to develop superior cultivars.
Deciphering Aging, Genetic, and Epigenetic Heterogeneity in Cancer Evolution: Toward Personalized Precision Preventative Medicine
Authors: Naddaf Lamis , Li Sheng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer's inherent ability to evolve presents significant challenges for its categorization and treatment. Cancer evolution is driven by genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic diversity influenced by microenvironment changes. Aging plays a crucial role by altering the microenvironment and inducing substantial genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity within an individual's somatic cells even before cancer initiation.ObjectivesThis review highlights the clinical significance of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer evolution, focusing on hematopoietic and solid tumors. The review aims to explore opportunities for integrating evolutionary principles and data science into cancer research.MethodsThe review synthesizes recent advancements in omics technologies, single‐cell sequencing, and genetic barcoding to elucidate epigenetic mechanisms and aging's role in cancer evolution.ResultsEpigenetic mechanisms' high plasticity generates heritable phenotypic diversity, driving malignant evolution toward poor prognosis. Advances in single‐cell sequencing and genetic barcoding enable the precise detection and tracking of biomarkers, allowing early, personalized interventions. Incorporating data science into cancer research has the potential to map, predict, and prevent cancer evolution effectively.ConclusionUnderstanding cancer evolution through novel technologies and data analysis offers a proactive approach to cancer prevention and treatment. By predicting key evolutionary events and leveraging personalized strategies, patient outcomes can be improved, and healthcare burdens reduced, marking a transformative shift in oncology.
Self‐Healing Iridium‐Doped Manganese Oxide for Boosting Stability of Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wu Shenjie , Chen Zhouhui , Qian Zhengxin , Zhang Zhiming , Sun Yazhou , Zhang Xiaoxin , Tao Huabing , Zhang Qinghong , Xie Shunji , Wang Ye 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeveloping low‐iridium electrocatalysts combined with high efficiency and longevity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis remains challenging in the hydrogen economy. Here, an anodic electro‐oxidation approach is reported to fabricate iridium (Ir) dope MnO2 gas diffusion electrodes, which exhibited remarkable stability of over 1650 h at 100 mA cm−2 with a record‐high stability number of 2.9 × 108 by considering Ir leaching. The optimized catalyst with a low Ir loading of ≈0.3 mg cm−2 achieved stable operation at 1.0 A cm−2 in the PEM electrolyzer. The investigation reveals that the generation of high‐valence Ir within MnO2 optimizes oxygen desorption and thereby boosts activity. Furthermore, MnO2 provides a platform that enables the oxidation and deposition of leached ions, initiating a self‐healing mechanism that extends the operational lifetime of catalyst. This paves an effective way toward addressing the dissolution issues encountered by OER catalysts in acidic electrolytes.
Advanced Cathode Designs for High‐Energy Lithium/Sodium–Selenium Battery
Authors: Feng Junan , Yu Shunxian , Shi Chuan , Tang Xiao , Zhao Xiaoxian , Chen Shuangqiang , Song Jianjun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSelenium, with its superior conductivity, serves as a promising cathode material in lithium–selenium (Li–Se) and sodium–selenium (Na–Se) batteries, exhibiting faster electron transfer processes and volumetric capacity. Nonetheless, challenges such as volume expansion, the shuttle effect, slow redox reaction kinetics, and the low conductivity of discharged products still hinder their commercial application. Extensive research has been conducted on the design and optimization of cathode materials to overcome these issues. This review summarizes the latest advancements in Se cathode design within Li/Na–Se systems, based on the electrochemical mechanisms of batteries and the origins of related challenges. The comprehensive design principle of advanced and stable selenium cathodes is put forward, the key role of carbon structure design is analyzed, and the strategies to improve the affinity of selenide and redox kinetics are discussed. Additionally, it introduces representative polymer‐based cathodes and metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based cathodes. Some potential modification strategies for active materials are also highlighted, including selenium sulfide composite cathodes and lithium selenide cathodes, which can significantly enhance the electrochemical mechanisms of Se‐based batteries. Finally, based on existing research, the related insights and directions for the future development of advanced Se cathodes are proposed.
Electro‐Reconstructed Transition Metal Electrodes for Coupled‐Upgrading of Nitrate Pollution and Waste Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Plastics
Authors: Wang Haoye , Yang Bowen , Smith Richard L , Su Yaqiong , Qi Xinhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTwo unrelated forms of pollution, nitrate‐containing wastewater and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) plastics, can be converted into high‐value chemicals by electrochemical reduction and oxidation reactions. Herein, coupled electrocatalysis is used for the co‐production of ammonia (NH3) and formic acid (FA) with a cathode formed by reconstructing Co on copper foam (R‐Co/CF) as catalyst for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) and with an anode formed by reconstructing NiCo on nickel foam (R‐NiCo/NF) as catalyst for ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR). The Faraday efficiency of the R‐Co/CF cathode is 96.2% and that of R‐NiCo/NF catalysts is 98.2%. By coupling NO3RR and PET hydrolysate oxidation reaction, the cell voltage required at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 is 202 mV lower than that of the traditional NO3RR electrolytic system, indicating that electrocatalytic upcycling of PET plastics coupled with NO3RR is an energy‐saving and cost‐effective strategy for producing value‐added chemicals. Techno‐economic analysis indicates that compared with a NO3RR//OER system, the NO3RR//PET hydrolysate oxidation system can save 2.8 × 103 kW h−1 in electricity and generate ≈6 900 USD in revenue per tonne of NH3.
Stacked Scintillators Based Multispectral X‐Ray Imaging Featuring Quantum‐Cutting Perovskite Scintillators With 570 nm Absorption‐Emission Shift
Authors: Hui Juan , Ran Peng , Su Yirong , Yang Lurong , Xu Xuehui , Liu Tianyu , Gu Yuzhang , She Xiaojian , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraditional energy‐integration X‐ray imaging systems rely on total X‐ray intensity for image contrast, ignoring energy‐specific information. Recently developed multilayer stacked scintillators have enabled multispectral, large‐area flat‐panel X‐ray imaging (FPXI), enhancing material discrimination capabilities. However, increased layering can lead to mutual excitation, which may affect the accurate discrimination of X‐ray energy. This issue is tackled by proposing a novel design strategy utilizing rare earth ions doped quantum‐cutting scintillators as the top layer. These scintillators create new luminescence centers via energy transfer, resulting in a significantly larger absorption‐emission shift, as well as the potential to double the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and enhance light output. To verify this concept, a three‐layer stacked scintillator detector is developed using ytterbium ions (Yb3+)‐doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) as the top layer, which offers a high PLQY of over 100% and a significant absorption‐emission shift of 570 nm. This configuration, CsAgCl2 and Cs3Cu2I5 as the middle and bottom layers, respectively, ensures non‐overlapping optical absorption and radioluminescence (RL) emission spectra. By calculating the optimal thickness for each layer to absorb specific X‐ray energies, the detector demonstrates distinct absorption differences across various energy bands, enhancing the identification of materials with similar densities.
Evaporation‐Enhanced Redox Cycling for Rapid Detection of Attomolar SARS‐CoV‐2 Virions Using Nanolithography‐Free Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Soltan Khamsi Pouya , Kammarchedu Vinay , Ebrahimi Aida 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn fighting against infectious diseases such as COVID‐19, simple‐to‐use, sensitive, scalable, and rapid diagnostics are crucial for early disease diagnosis. In this regard, electrochemical biosensors are particularly attractive in developing point‐of‐need diagnostics. Importantly, by being compatible with nano‐ and microfabrication methods, they are amenable to miniaturization, which reduces background noise and the required sample volume. However, miniaturization also reduces the signal level, making it challenging to detect low virus counts. In this work, microfabricated electrochemical sensors with a dual signal amplification scheme based on evaporation‐enhanced redox cycling (E2RC) in a generator–collector configuration are developed. A scalable, nanolithography‐free fabrication method is proposed to achieve a controllable sub‐micrometer gap between three dimensional (3D) interdigitated microelectrodes by combining photolithography with template‐driven electrodeposition. Using the optimized electrodes, the sensors achieve rapid detection with a limit of quantification of ≈1.2 × 103 particles mL−1 through continuous measurement in evaporating droplets containing SARS‐CoV‐2 virion mimics. Investigating particle charge and size reveals the role of electrophoretic enrichment in the overall response. The sensor performance is also validated using heat‐inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 virions, with selective response to SARS‐CoV‐2 against HCoV‐299E, SARS‐CoV S1, and MERS‐CoV S1 (captured using antibody‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles). The proposed sensing method is sensitive, rapid, scalable, and can be extended to broader applications, including detection of bacteria, extracellular vesicles, and other viruses.
Visible to Near‐Infrared Luminescence and Reversible Photochromism in Mn2+/Nd3+ Co‐Doped Double Perovskite for Versatile Applications
Authors: Xu Ruichen , Zheng Biao , Fang Xiaochen , Sun Xiaolong , Hong Jinquan , Huang Hai , Wang Weiguo , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMultifunctional optical materials with temperature sensing and anti‐counterfeiting properties play an essential role in the commercial applications. Herein, Mn2+/Nd3+ co‐doped Cs2AgInCl6 (CAIC) lead‐free double perovskites (DPs) is synthesized through a hydrothermal method, which exhibits visible to near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence and reversible photochromic properties from yellowish to dark purple. The mechanism investigations on the photoluminescence and photochromic phenomena reveal that the incorporation of Mn2+ ions not only acts as an intermediary in the energy transfer process from the host exciton to Nd3+ ions, but also plays a pivotal role in the reversible photochromic response. The temperature‐dependent luminescence, attributed to the contrasting thermal responses of Mn2+ and Nd3+ ions, enables precise temperature sensing via the fluorescence intensity ratio method. In addition, the integration of visible red emission, NIR luminescence, and photochromic properties in a single CAIC: Mn2+/Nd3+ DPs, offers a multilevel anti‐counterfeiting strategy. The multifunctional CAIC: Mn2+/Nd3+ DPs would open up new avenues for advanced optical applications, particularly in the realms of temperature sensing and security anti‐counterfeiting.
Cyano‐Substituted Distyrylbenzene Derivative for Laser Media: High Solid‐State Luminescence and Processabilities by Tert‐Butyl Appending Design
Authors: Matsuo Takumi , Azuma Soichiro , Nakabayashi Mahiro , Sasaki Fumio , Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo create effective organic laser media, it is essential to design molecules with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (ΦPL), solubility‐processability for facile crystal resonator formation, and structural tunability. Cyano‐β‐substituted distyrylbenzene (CDSB) is recognized as a potential solid‐luminogen but is limited by its quantum efficiency and solubility toward crystal resonator processability. Herein the rational design for high solid‐state luminescence and processability is demonstrated through designing tertiary‐butyl (tBu)‐appended approach. In contrast, tBu‐appended CDSB, namely tBuC, has good solubility for crystal growth processability and controllability, allowing for the formation of high ΦPL polymorphs. tBuC offers selective growth for (I) green‐emissive platelet crystals or (II) blue‐emissive needle crystals. The ΦPL is 0.72 for I and 0.91 for II. The ΦPL value for II is among the highest in the CDSB series, attributed to the segregated luminescent species based on bulky tBu. Lasing is observed for II due to the above characteristics. The addition of tBu offers a new strategy for crystal engineering toward the realization of laser media although it is a chemically simple approach.
Highly Polarizable Phosphorus‐Centered Tetrahedra and π‐Conjugated Carbon‐Centered Triangular Moieties Inducing Large Anisotropy and Short‐Wavelength Phase‐Matching
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Arif Muhammad , Zhou Huan , An Ran , Yang Zhihua , Hou Xueling , Pan Shilie , Han Shujuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrent nonlinear optical (NLO) materials encounter a classic dilemma in balancing the band gap and birefringence, particularly in the short wavelength (λPM ≤ 266 nm) region. Utilizing both π‐conjugated and non‐π‐conjugated units to construct the short wavelength NLO crystals has emerged as the premier choice nowadays. Herein, the combination of π‐conjugated [CO3]/[C(NH2)3] moieties and non‐π‐conjugated phosphorus‐based tetrahedra generates nine new crystals, whose birefringence obtains a significant gain compared to short wavelength phosphate crystals. Experimental results demonstrate that the compounds have achieved a balance between bandgap and birefringence. Especially, the large birefringence induces the shortest phase‐matching wavelength of [CN4H7]H2PO2 and [CN4H7]HPO2(OH) to be about 226 and 200 nm, respectively, indicating that they have potential applications as short wavelength NLO crystals. It is worth mentioning that, [CN4H7]HPO2(OH) has the shortest phase‐matching wavelength among crystals composed of guanidine and P‐based tetrahedral groups, to the best of the knowledge. Even more, this study provides a novel and essential design strategy for short‐wavelength NLO crystals.
Data‐Driven Analysis of Ni‐Catalyzed Semihydrogenations of Alkynes
Authors: Martinez‐Fernandez Miguel , Yeamin Md Bin , Dalmau David , Carbó Jorge J. , Poater Albert , Alegre‐Requena Juan V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes has historically been an essential technique in organic chemistry. In this context, researchers often employ transition metal complexes to achieve this conversion. Given the pronounced polarization of results, often yielding either very high or very low values, it remains challenging to discern the factors influencing reactivity and selectivity in many cases. In this work, we combine different sub‐disciplines of digital chemistry with experimental outcomes to rationalize the results of a model Ni‐catalyzed semihydrogenation that leads to E‐alkenes. First, we analyze the main factors behind successful reactions using a machine learning classification model. The descriptors are computed directly from the SMILES strings of the reacting alkynes using an automated protocol that relies on structural features, molecular mechanics, and semi‐empirical techniques. This workflow requires minimal human intervention and provides a fast and effective approach. Next, we couple the same descriptors with activation barriers calculated with density functional theory, generating a regression model that explains reactivity based on the properties of the alkyne substrates. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using a combination of digital chemistry techniques to uncover reaction trends in Ni‐catalyzed semihydrogenations of alkynes, an area where human intuition proves limited in application.
Ultrathin Screen‐Printed Plant Wearable Capacitive Sensors for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Strand Elliot J. , Gopalakrishnan Anupam , Crichton Catherine A. , Palizzi Mallory J. , Lee Owen , Borsa Tomoko , Bihar Eloise , Goodrich Payton , Arias Ana Claudia , Shaheen Sean E. , McLeod Robert R. , Whiting Gregory L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrintable and wearable plant sensors offer an approach for collecting critical environmental data at high spatial resolution to understand plant conditions and aid land management practices. Here, screen printed capacitive devices that can measure relative humidity (RH) directly at the plant‐environment interface, are demonstrated in an ultra‐thin (<6 µm) form factor. Using screen printing and a temporary tattoo transfer process, a simple technique is established to: 1) enclose printed electronic features between two layers of ethyl cellulose (EtC), 2) mount printed microparticle carbon‐based electronics onto a variety of plant structures, and 3) dramatically increase the capacitance and sensitivity for humidity sensors when compared to unencapsulated devices. This sandwich tattoo capacitor (STC) platform exhibits an RH sensitivity up to 1000 pF/%RH and stability while mounted to living plant leaves over several days. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) validates the formation of electric double layers within the EtC films that encapsulate the printed electrodes providing tunable capacitance values based on the ionic concentration of the device transfer fluid.
Long‐Lasting Auditory and Vestibular Recovery Following Gene Replacement Therapy in a Novel Usher Syndrome Type 1c Mouse Model
Authors: Du Weinan , Huang Jun , Zhang Aizhen , Zhao Fangfang , Chen Tianwen , McDermott Quinn M. , Zheng Tony , Wang Haibo , Zhang Rongli , Zhang Xiaolin , Allison Jerome , Zhu Hong , Zhou Wu , Zheng Qing Yin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsher syndrome type 1C (USH1C) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the USH1C gene, which encodes harmonin, a key component of the mechanoelectrical transduction complex in auditory and vestibular hair cells. USH1C leads to deafness and vestibular dysfunction in humans. An Ush1c knockout (KO) mouse model displaying these characteristic deficits is generated in our laboratory. To examine gene replacement therapy (GT) in this model, a synthetic adeno‐associated viral vector, Anc80L65, driving harmonin expression is administered, to the inner ears of Ush1c KO mice at postnatal day 2 (P2). Remarkably, this single treatment significantly improved auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds and balance motor function at 1 month post‐injection, with these effects persisting for up to 10 months. At 12 months post‐treatment, the vestibular function is assessed using the vestibular‐ocular reflexes (VOR) and single vestibular afferent recordings. The GT treatment significantly restored both the canal and otolith VORs and increased vestibular afferent spontaneous firing rates and responses to head rotation and translation. These findings provide the first evidence of long‐lasting restoration of both the auditory and vestibular functions by GT in a novel mouse model of Usher syndrome, highlighting the potential of GT for treating deficits associated with USH1C.
Functional Characterization of an Aldol Condensation Synthase PheG for the Formation of Hispidin from Phellinus Igniarius
Authors: Zhang Wanting , Zheng Ruliang , Geng Weiling , Wu Xinyuan , Gao Xiaojuan , Zhou Li , An Zhenyu , Liu Cheng , Song Zhijun , Ji Hongyan , Yang Hao , Wu Xiuli 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHispidin (1) is a polyphenolic compound with a wide range of pharmacological activities that is distributed in both plants and fungi. In addition to natural extraction, hispidin can be obtained by chemical or enzymatic synthesis. In this study, the identification and characterization of an undescribed enzyme, PheG, from Phellinus igniarius (P. igniarius), which catalyzes the construction of a key C─C bond in the enzymatic synthesis of hispidin are reported. It is demonstrated in vitro that PheG generates hispidin by catalyzing C─C bond formation in the aldol condensation reaction. Based on these results, a plausible pathway for hispidin biosynthesis is proposed by utilizing the primary triacetic acid lactone (TAL, 2) and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde (3). The mechanisms for the aldol condensation reaction of PheG are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) binding free energy calculations, density functional theory, and site‐specific mutations. The locations of the key amino acid residues that catalyze the conversion of substrates 2 and 3 to hispidin at the active site of PheG‐1 are identified. This study provides a new method for preparing hispidin with high efficiency and low cost.