bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern and Experience of Internet Use among Persons with Severe Mental Disorders: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chawla Nishtha , Sood Mamta , Chadda Rakesh Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims:
To understand the current patterns and experience of using internet among individuals with severe mental disorders and assess the impact of internet technology in their daily life, particularly mental health-related issues.

Methods:
In-depth interviews were conducted on individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD)/ schizophrenia (DSM-5) (N=20), aged ≥ 18 years who could read and write in Hindi/ English, using an interview guide. HAM-D, YMRS, SAPS, and SANS were used as screening instruments. The interview guide contained questions related to internet use in daily life, internet use for health-related issues, particularly BD/ schizophrenia.

Results:
All individuals used the internet in day-to-day life for the purpose of communication, entertainment and getting information. They predominantly use internet to find out about their illness & medications. For their illness, most common source of searching was Google (N=20), followed by YouTube (N=17). Three themes could be identified about patterns and experience of internet use: health/ illness-related reasons for searching internet, beliefs about the suggestions on internet, risky practices regarding suggestions from internet. The impact of internet use was variable. They often believed that they were misinformed or unsure of the information available online. Most of them did not discuss about their internet use for their disease with their treating doctor. But they tend to follow advice that they perceive might be harmless.

Conclusion:
Patients with SMD commonly use internet for retrieving information about their illness. They tend to follow perceivably harmless advice available online.
Patients’ perception about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in Sub-Himalayan region of India-A facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Jaswal Richa , Tripathi Shailesh , Singh Dhananjay , Gupta Nand Lal , Chauhan Hoshiar Singh , Kaur Suchpreet , Sharma Shireen , Bhattacharya Sudip 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In modern times, metabolic disorders are most common and one of them is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in women, which causes high morbidity and complications. PCOS has largely been a neglected and less researched area; however, it is gaining importance in recent times as PCOS is increasing as well as it can be prevented to a considerable extent.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge among females in government hospitals in Northern India. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire on 300 women (completed 270), selected by proportionate sampling technique, and admitted in government hospitals. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.

Results:
The results showed that the mean age of respondents was 33.02 ± 9.039 years, the mean age at menarche was 12.33 ± 2.13 years, and the mean of gravida status was 1.82 ± 0.78 years. Only half of the respondents had good knowledge about PCOS.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that efforts are needed to reinforce women’s knowledge through setting-based awareness campaigns and health education in this context to enable them to identify and seek timely treatment and improve their quality of life.
Clinical presentations and microbiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid samples in cases of suspected bacterial meningitis patients attending a 1600 bedded teaching hospital from 2019 to 2022: A retrospective study
Authors: Kar Mitra , Jamwal Ashima , Dubey Akanksha , Sahu Chinmoy , Patel Sangram Singh , Fatima Nida 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Meningitis can be attributed to bacterial, fungal, or viral agents. In this study, we demonstrate the common bacterial agents causing meningitis along with their antibiotics susceptibility pattern in patients of all age groups.

Material and Methods:
This retrospective, observational study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from November 2019 to May 2022. We collected 1986 nonrepeat CSF samples from clinically suspected patients of bacterial meningitis, and clinical information about the patients was extracted from the hospital information system.

Results:
Out of the 1986 CSF samples included in our study, 150 (7.55%) were found to be positive on bacterial culture. Most of our patients were in the age group of 0–20 years. Common clinical manifestations observed in our patients were: high-grade fever, 87 patients (58%); severe headache, 126 patients (84%); neck rigidity, 47 patients (31.3%); altered mental status, 76 patients (50.7%) and photophobia, 83 patients (55.3%). The most commonly isolated bacteria was Acinetobacter species (30%). The mean length of hospitalization (37.76 ± 25.30), the mean total cell count, high levels of protein (mg/dl) and low levels of glucose (mg/dl) of CSF were statistically significant in meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Conclusion:
We recognized the spectrum of pathogens causing meningitis at our center along with the antibiotic resistance pattern to guide and facilitate early treatment by primary health care professionals and family medicine practitioners.
Cognitive reserve and other determinants of cognitive function in older adults: Insights from a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Sonal Akanksha , Ghosh Tandra , Ahamed Farhad 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
India will be the home of 323 million elderly persons by 2050. This means a surge in the dependent population primarily due to age-related cognitive decline. Evidence suggests that life course factors may have a modulatory role on cognitive function. The present study explores such potential influence by investigating the effect of cognitive reserve (a latent construct using education and occupation) and physical, psychological, and social determinants on cognitive function in community dwelling elderly.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban areas of West Bengal (India) among elderly aged ≥60 years. Data was collected by personal interviews for socio-demographic and medical profile. Cognitive function was assessed using Bangla Adaptation of Mini-Mental State Examination (BAMSE). Educational level and occupational complexity were used as proxy indicators for calculating cognitive reserve.

Results:
Of the 370 elderlies interviewed (mean age = 68.9 years), cognitive function was abnormal in 13.5%. The cognitive function had a significant inverse relationship with depression symptoms, loneliness, hypertension, anemia, and basic activities of daily living. There was a significant difference in the cognitive reserve of the elderly with normal and abnormal cognitive function (mean 33.7 and 26.8, respectively). In the presence of covariates like sleep quality, depression, hypertension, and hemoglobin levels, the effect of age on cognitive function had a significant mediation influence of cognitive reserve − total effect = −0.2349; 95% CI = (−0.2972 to −0.1725) and direct effect = −0.2583; 95% CI = (−0.3172 to −0.1994).

Conclusion:
The quantum of effect of the age on cognitive function decreases with good cognitive reserve as a cognitive reserve has a significant mediation effect on the relationship between age and cognitive function.
Postnatal Kangaroo mother care practice at home and comparison of improvement in vital parameters in low-birth-weight babies in-home setup and non-teaching hospital setup in rural coal mines area Jharkhand, India: A community-based observational study
Authors: Prasad Tulsi , Roy Ashish K. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Low birth weight (LBW) newborns especially those <2000 g are more prone to hypothermia due to which other physiological parameters gets deteriorated in the 1st week of life. The objective of this observational study was to continue Kangaroo mother care practice at home and to ascertain whether KMC was effective in improving the vital parameters of LBW babies when it is given at home in a rural coal mines area, in Jharkhand, India.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a community-based prospective observational study, done over three years from November 2019 to November 2022. In this study, we included 156 pairs of both mothers and LBW babies (weight 1500 g to <2000 g). After discharge from the hospital on day 3, KMC was continued at home on day 4, day 5, and day 6. Data of four physiological parameters, namely, temperature, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and heart rate were collected before and after KMC and analyzed.

Results:
Among 400 newborns, 156 LBW babies (39.0%) who were given KMC at home showed similar but statistically significant improvement of vital parameters, especially in temperature and oxygen saturation (P < 0.0001) compared to the same babies 156 (39.0%) given KMC in the hospital (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Kangaroo mother care, which was continued at home, has a significant role in the Improvement of vital parameters, especially concerning temperature and oxygen saturation. If the babies in the weight range of 1500 g to <2000 g are healthy, well-breast-fed, and have no other risk factors, they can be discharged early and managed at home by delivering supportive care and nursing care along with Kangaroo mother care with continuous follow-up.
Determination of sputum eosinophil count and serum absolute eosinophil count in patients with bronchial asthma and its correlation with disease severity and response to treatment
Authors: Mangattu Parambil Princia Banu , Mohapatra Amrut K. , Behera Debasis , Subhankar Saswat , Jagaty Suman K. , Singh Pratima 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sputum eosinophils can be used to assess severity of disease and response to treatment in bronchial asthma. Eosinophilic inflammation in the airways can also be marked by blood eosinophilia. In this study, we tried to determine the sputum eosinophil count and serum absolute eosinophil count in patients with asthma and correlate them with disease severity and treatment response.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional intervention study including all consecutive cases with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma based on spirometry and clinical history. An induced sputum sample and blood were sent for eosinophil count to the laboratory. All the patients were started on inhaled corticosteroids and followed up at the end of 1 month with spirometry, sputum eosinophil count and AEC. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows v20.0 (IBM SPSS Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the mean sputum eosinophil count (%) in mild, moderate and severe disease (f = 0.24; P = 0.79) or in AEC (f = 1.48; P = 0.24). At follow-up, all patients with moderate and severe disease showed significant improvement in FEV1 (P = 0.0001). The mean sputum eosinophil count and AEC (%) in the three subgroups was also seen to decrease at the end of the follow-up period (f = 0.08; P = 0.9 and f = 2.75; P = 0.07, respectively).

Conclusion:
Sputum eosinophils and AEC are important markers of airway inflammation. All our patients showed improvement in FEV1, sputum eosinophil count and AEC after 1 month of treatment thus confirming the role of ICS in the treatment of eosinophilic asthma.
Study of pattern and outcome of acute poisoning cases at tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Aggarwal Naman , Sawlani Kamal K. , Chaudhary Shyam C. , Usman Kauser , Dandu Himanshu , Atam Virendra , Rani Shivani , Chaudhary Rajat 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The WHO 2021 data estimate that 2 million lives and 53 million disability-adjusted life-years were lost in 2019 due to exposures to selected chemicals. It is important to know the pattern and outcome of acute poisoning cases for proper planning, prevention and management. Knowing the pattern will also help in designing training modules for primary care physicians to make them aware about newer poisons and their management. Awareness regarding newer poisons consumed is necessary for early identification, initial management and timely referral to higher centres by primary care physicians. This study was performed to see the pattern and outcome of acute poisoning cases in North Indian population and various factors related to outcome.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in department of medicine of a teaching institute in North India after approval by the Institutional Review Board. Patients admitted in the department during the study and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after obtaining consent.

Results:
A total of 417 patients with poisoning were recruited in the study. Out of 417 patients, majority were males (59.5%). Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 21–30 years (33.8%), and rural population (79.9%) was found to be more affected. Most of the patients were students and private employees. Most common types of poisoning were snakebite (n = 109, 26.1%), organophosphate (n = 49, 11.8%) and aluminium phosphide (n = 39, 9.3%). Out of 417 patients, 349 (83.69%) improved, while 68 (16.3%) expired. Requirement of ventilatory support was most commonly associated with aluminium phosphide poisoning (30.12%) followed by organophosphate poisoning (24.1%).

Conclusion:
Poisoning was more common in young males and more prevalent in rural population. Pesticides and snakebite were major causes of poisoning. Among suicidal cases, family conflict (problem/altercation with family members/marital discord) was main reason for the consumption of poison. There is need for creation of poison information centre along with separate toxicological units in tertiary care hospitals.
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) – A histopathological analysis of expanding spectrum of fungal infections in backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aswal Priyanka , Parashar Vibhu S. , Jaiswal Anamika , Kaushik Ankit 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is an aggressive infection affecting immunocompromised patients and carries a high morbidity and mortality. It is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, mainly in uncontrolled diabetes, malignancy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and so on. However, there has been an exponential increase in the incidence of AIFRS in relation to recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Aims:
We present this study to assess histomorphological features of fungal infections in the background of COVID-19 era.

Materials and Methods:
The study includes interpretation of 34 biopsies of suspected AIFRS in post COVID-19 patients. The demographic details like patients age, sex, diabetic status, COVID-19 status, and history of steroid intake were collected. All specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and PAS stain. Detailed microscopic examination including the presence of fungal hyphae in the tissue, characterization of inflammatory response, presence of tissue invasion, angioinvasion, and necrosis was noted for each case.

Results:
Thirty-four biopsy specimens from various sites – nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, and so on – were studied. The mean age of the patients with AIFRS was 52.68 years. The dominant fungi were Mucorales in 31 (91.3%), Aspergillus and Mucorales in 1 (2.9%), a combination of Mucorales and Candida identified in 1 (2.9%) case, and Candida alone in 1 case (2.9%). Bony invasion and perineural invasion were observed in 5 cases (14.7%) and 1 (2.9%) case, respectively.

Conclusion:
Histopathological examination plays an essential role in the diagnosis and appropriate management of the patients. Histopathological features including characterization of fungi, angioinvasion, and bone invasion may provide information on rare dreaded infections in post-COVID-19 patients for possible prognostic characteristics on histology.
Adverse reactions after Covid-19 vaccination in persons affected by leprosy: A scoping review
Authors: Ramasamy Senthilkumar , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Agrawal Sanjana 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Leprosy reactions are the main pathway leading to severe nerve damage and disability. These reactions can occur at any time. The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic led to a catastrophic loss of human life and has had a devastating impact on persons affected by leprosy.

Objective:
To achieve deep insight into the subject of adverse reactions acquired after Covid vaccinations in persons affected by leprosy through a literature review.

Materials and Methods:
A scoping review was conducted in the studies published between July 2021 and June 2022 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist.

Results:
Using the search strategy, a total of 130 articles were found, of which five were relevant to the study. The adverse reactions were acquired mostly in males [9 (81.8%)]; the majority of them belong to borderline tuberculoid [4 (36.4%)], and most of them were released from treatment (multi-drug therapy) [7 (63.6%)].

Conclusion:
Surveillance and management of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are essential; even minor AEFI should be reported and documented in a line list.
A cross-sectional study to assess the anxiety and coping mechanism among primary caregivers of children admitted in PICU
Authors: Sharma Girraj P. , Sharma Mukesh C. , Mohan Remiya , Khera Daisy , Raghu VA 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
PICU admission of a child may cause anxiety and stress among the caregivers. The criteria for admission to a PICU are terrifying and may legitimately cause parents to fear that their child may pass away or suffer a serious disability. They may be overburdened with stress and anxiety of illness and compliment medical information while trying to maintain a balance with other family demands. They must learn coping mechanisms and use resources to stay stable when they face challenges. Evidence on the coping mechanisms used by primary caregivers to control their stress and anxiety is scarce so this study assessed the anxiety and coping mechanism among the primary caregivers of children admitted in PICU.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 primary caregivers by using convenience sampling technique at PICU, AIIMS, Jodhpur, from April 31, 2021, to January 20, 2022. The participants were enrolled after obtaining informed consent and were interviewed by the researcher.

Results:
Study findings revealed that primary caregivers had 38% severe anxiety, 54% moderate anxiety, and 8% mild anxiety. They used emotion-focused coping (43.5%) followed by problem focused coping (37.2%) and avoidant coping (19.3%). Also, there was a significant association found between anxiety of primary caregivers and gender of the child (P = 0.012).

Conclusion:
Anxiety and stress are one of the expected psychological problems faced by caregivers of children admitted in PICU. Healthcare workers must make concerted attempts to support caregivers adaptive coping mechanisms, so they can retain a sense of balance.
Prevalence and determinants of community members utilizing preventive services offered by family physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Nayef G. , Alotaibi Mujib M. , Aldhawyan Nawaf M. , Afify Ayman , Kofi Mostafa , Alqahtani Lama G. , Alotaibi Turki S. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Early detection and prevention of diseases can reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. There is need to assess the utilization of preventive services for common chronic diseases, cancers, and vaccinations. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and sequence of utilization of preventive services for common chronic diseases, cancers, and vaccinations in addition to exploring community perspectives on these services.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted at primary healthcare centers in Prince Sultan Military Medical City covering Riyadh region from October 2022 to January 2023. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from attendees aged 18 years and older, focusing on the utilization of eight preventive services (blood glucose testing, blood pressure measurement, cholesterol testing, screening for breast cancer, screening for cervical cancer, screening for colorectal cancer, screening for prostate cancer, and flu and pneumococcal vaccines). Descriptive statistics of the study were reported in frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to assess association between outcome variables.

Results:
Participants were mostly married and had a higher educational degree. However, a considerable number is not accessing primary healthcare services regularly. The results showed that the rate of utilizing preventive services was as follows: blood pressure screening (91%), blood glucose testing (72%), cholesterol testing (65.8%), vaccination utilization (39.5%), breast cancer screening (8%), prostate cancer screening (4.6%), colon cancer screening (4.2%), and least utilized was cervical cancer screening with frequency of (3%).

Conclusion:
The results underscore the importance of increasing awareness and accessibility of primary healthcare services to promote better health outcomes in the region.
Assessment of nurses’ knowledge of the prevention of hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria
Authors: Onianwa Patricia Obiajulu , Akanbi Folashade Omobisi Mary , Ayorinde Mary Oyenike , John Oluwatosin Esther , Are Olufunke Olabisi , Ojerinde Ogonna Eze , Alaka Sariyat Yetunde 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study assessed the level of nurses’ knowledge of the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a tertiary health institution.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 328 eligible respondents, selected using a random sampling method in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the basic knowledge, risk factors, and preventive measures of VTE.

Results:
Findings from the study revealed that 51.2% scored above the mean score of 28.6 ± 3.1. The educational status of the respondents had a significant influence on their knowledge of risk factors of VTE (F = 4.696, P = 0.031).

Conclusion:
The overall knowledge of nurses is satisfactory, although the majority could not answer correctly questions on the administration of prefilled anticoagulants and identification of some key risk factors of VTE.