bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daisybank 1983–1989. An audit of a residential home preparing adolescents for permanent placements
Authors: Levinson Margot , Minty Brian 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the evaluation of a small children's home, Daisybank, set up to prepare adolescents, who had been in care for several years, to live in permanent placements. The home seemed largely to fail in this explicit task, but appear to succeed in helping a majority of its residents make substantial progress in coming to terms with their deprived and disrupted lives. It provided them with genuine care and commitment, which they acknowledged and appreciated. We believe that the success of the home needs to be judged by these criteria, since for young people in mid‐ to late adolescence the search for new permanent parental homes probably conflicted with other psychosocial tasks relating to adolescence. On the other hand, Daisybank seemed unable adequately to resolve the problems of a subgroup of adolescent males with serious conduct problems who were responsible for the not infrequent physical abuse of several female staff.
Dynamics of Contention
Authors: The Editors  
Published: April 2004

In 2001, Doug McAdam, Sydney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly published Dynamics of Contention. In this jointly written volume, they aim to identify “similarities and differences, pathways and trajectories across a wide range of contentious politics – not only revolutions, but also strike waves, wars, social movements, ethnic mobilizations, democratization, and nationalism”. Thereby, they set out to develop the foundations for a general programme for the study of contentious episodes wherever and whenever they occur.As Dynamics of Contention is an ambitious work in the field of historical sociology and social history, we have invited comments by Knut Kjeldstadli, Dilip Simeon, and Thomas Welskopp – scholars from different research traditions. Charles Tilly responds.
‘Stranger within the Gates’: Knowing Semi-Colonial Siam as Extraterritorials
Authors: Lysa Hong 
Published: April 2004

Siam and the Semi-colonial IssueThe issue of Siam as a semi-feudal, semi-colonial social formation, mooted by Thai Marxists in the 1950s, and again in the 1970s, has by the 1990s by and large been set aside by critically-minded academics for its inability to provide a lineage for the strain of capitalist mode of production that has emerged by the second half of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, the ‘semi-colonial’ as an analytical framework retains its force in confronting the assumed independence and an unreflexive racially based elite nationalism that has so defined Thai self-representations and public culture, but also in how Thailand is understood by others.
Refining the constant in a maximum principle for the Bergman space
Authors: Wang Chunjie 
Published: April 2004

Let

A
2

(

D

)

A^2(\mathbb {D})

be the Bergman space over the open unit disk

D

\mathbb {D}

in the complex plane. Korenblum conjectured that there is an absolute constant

c
,

0
>
c
>
1

c,~0>c>1

, such that whenever

|

f
(
z
)

|

≤

|

g
(
z
)

|

|f(z)|\leq |g(z)|

(

f
,
g
∈

A
2

(

D

)

f,g\in A^2(\mathbb {D})

) in the annulus

c
>

|

z

|

>
1

c>|z|>1

, then

‖
f
‖
≤
‖
g
‖

\|f\|\leq \|g\|

. In this note we give an example to show that

c
>
0.69472.

c>0.69472.
Parametric decomposition of powers of ideals versus regularity of sequences
Authors: Goto Shiro , Shimoda Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2004

Let

Q
=
(

a

1

,

a

2

,
⋯
,

a

s

)

(
⊊
A
)

Q = (a_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots , a_{s}) \ (\subsetneq A)

be an ideal in a Noetherian local ring

A
A

. Then the sequence

a

1

,

a

2

,
⋯
,

a

s

a_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots , a_{s}

is

A
A

-regular if every

a

i

a_{i}

is a non-zerodivisor in

A
A

and if

Q

n

=

⋂

α

(

a

1

α

1

,

a

2

α

2

,
⋯
,

a

s

α

s

)

Q^{n} = \bigcap _{\alpha } (a_{1}^{\alpha _{1}}, a_{2}^{\alpha _{2}}, \cdots , a_{s}^{\alpha _{s}})

for all integers

n
≥
1

n \geq 1

, where

α
=
(

α

1

,

α

2

,
⋯
,

α

s

)

\alpha = (\alpha _{1}, \alpha _{2}, \cdots , \alpha _{s})

runs over the elements of the set

Λ

s
,
n

=
{
(

α

1

,

α

2

,
⋯
,

α

s

)
∈

Z

s

∣

α

i

≥
1

for all

1
≤
i
≤
s

and

∑

i
=
1

s

α

i

=
s
+
n
−
1
}

\Lambda _{s,n} = \{(\alpha _{1}, \alpha _{2}, \cdots , \alpha _{s}) \in {\mathbb {Z}}^{s} \mid \alpha _{i} \geq 1 \ \text {for all} \ 1 \leq i \leq s \ \text {and} \ \sum _{i=1}^{s}\alpha _{i} = s + n - 1\}

.
Commutators of linear and bilinear Hilbert transforms
Authors: Blasco Oscar , Villarroya Paco 
Published: April 2004

Let

α
∈

R

\alpha \in \mathbb {R}

, and let

H
α

(
f
,
g
)
(
x
)
=

1
π

p
.
v
.
∫
f
(
x
−
t
)
g
(
x
−
α
t
)

d
t

t

H_\alpha (f,g)(x)=\frac {1}{\pi } p.v. \int f(x-t)g(x-\alpha t)\frac {dt}{t}

and

H
f
(
x
)
=

1
π

p
.
v
.
∫
f
(
x
−
t
)

d
t

t

Hf(x)= \frac {1}{\pi } p.v.\int f(x-t)\frac {dt}{t}

denote the bilinear and linear Hilbert transforms, respectively. It is proved that, for

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

and

α
1

≠

α
2

\alpha _1\ne \alpha _2

,

H

α
1

−

H

α
2

H_{\alpha _1}-H_{\alpha _2}

maps

L
p

×
B
M
O

L^p\times BMO

into

L

p

L^{p}

and it maps

B
M
O
×

L
p

BMO \times L^p

into

L

p

L^{p}

if and only if

sign
⁡
(

α
1

)
=
sign
⁡
(

α
2

)

\operatorname {sign}(\alpha _1)=\operatorname {sign}(\alpha _2)

. It is also shown that, for

α
≤
1

\alpha \le 1

the commutator

[

H

α
,
f

,
H
]

[H_{\alpha ,f},H]

is bounded on

L
p

L^p

for

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

if and only if

f
∈
B
M
O

f\in BMO

, where

H

α
,
f

(
g
)
=

H
α

(
f
,
g
)

H_{\alpha ,f}(g)=H_\alpha (f,g)

.
Strong comparison principle for solutions of quasilinear equations
Authors: Lucia M. , Prashanth S. 
Published: April 2004

Let

Ω
⊂

R

N

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N

,

N
≥
1

N \geq 1

, be a bounded smooth connected open set and

a

:
Ω
×

R

N

→

R

N

\mathbf {a} : \Omega \times \mathbb {R}^N \to \mathbb {R}^N

be a map satisfying the hypotheses (H1)-(H4) below. Let

f
1

,

f
2

∈

L

l
o
c

1

(
Ω
)

f_1,f_2 \in \mathrm {L}_{loc}^{1} (\Omega )

with

f
2

≥

f
1

f_2 \geq f_1

,

f
1

≢

f
2

f_1 \not \equiv f_2

in

Ω
\Omega

and

u
1

,

u
2

∈

C

1
,
θ

(

Ω
¯

)

u_1, u_2 \in \mathcal {C}^{1,\theta } (\overline \Omega )

with

θ
∈
(
0
,
1
]

\theta \in (0,1]

be two weak solutions of
\[

(

P
i

)

−

d
i
v

(

a

(
x
,
∇

u
i

)
)
=

f
i

i
n

Ω
,

i
=
1
,
2.

(P_i)\quad -\mathrm {div} (\mathbf {a}(x,\nabla u_i)) = f_i \quad \mathrm {in }\,\Omega , \,\quad i=1,2.

\]
Suppose that

u
2

≥

u
1

u_2 \geq u_1

in

Ω
\Omega

. Then we show that

u
2

>

u
1

u_2 > u_1

in

Ω
\Omega

under the following assumptions: either

u
2

>

u
1

u_2>u_1

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

, or

u
1

=

u
2

=
0

u_1=u_2=0

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and

u
1

≥
0

u_1 \geq 0

in

Ω
\Omega

. We also show a measure-theoretic version of the Strong Comparison Principle.
A bound for the dimension of the automorphism group of a homogeneous compact complex manifold
Authors: Snow Dennis 
Published: April 2004

Let

X
X

be a homogeneous compact complex manifold, and let

Aut
⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {Aut}(X)

be the complex Lie group of holomorphic automorphisms of

X
X

. Examples show that

dim
⁡
Aut
⁡
(
X
)

\dim \operatorname {Aut} (X)

can grow exponentially in

n
=
dim
⁡
X

n = \dim X

. In this note it is shown that
\[

dim
⁡
Aut
⁡
(
X
)
≤

n
2

−
1
+

(

2
n
−
1

n
−
1

)

\dim \operatorname {Aut}(X) \le n^2-1+\binom {2n-1}{n-1}

\]
when

n
≥
3

n \ge 3

. Thus,

dim
⁡
Aut
⁡
(
X
)

\dim \operatorname {Aut} (X)

is at most exponential in

n
n

. The proof relies on an upper bound for the dimension of the space of sections of the anticanonical bundle,

K
Y
∗

=
det

T
Y

K_Y^* = \det T_Y

, of a homogeneous projective rational manifold

Y
Y

of dimension

m
m

:

dim
⁡

H
0

(
Y
,

K
Y
∗

)
≤

(

2
m
+
1

m

)

\dim H^0(Y,K_Y^*) \le \binom {2m+1}{m}

.
Semilinear parabolic equations involving measures and low regularity data
Authors: Amann H. , Quittner P. 
Published: April 2004

A detailed study of abstract semilinear evolution equations of the form

u
˙

+
A
u
=
μ
(
u
)

\dot u+Au=\mu (u)

is undertaken, where

−
A

-A

generates an analytic semigroup and

μ
(
u
)

\mu (u)

is a Banach space valued measure depending on the solution. Then it is shown that the general theorems apply to a variety of semilinear parabolic boundary value problems involving measures in the interior and on the boundary of the domain. These results extend far beyond the known results in this field. A particularly new feature is the fact that the measures may depend nonlinearly and possibly nonlocally on the solution.
Preoperative stellate ganglion blockade prevents tourniquet‐induced hypertension during general anesthesia
Authors: Arai Y‐C. P. , Ogata J. , Matsumoto Y. , Yonemura H. , Kido K. , Uchida T. , Ueda W. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Prolonged and excessive inflation of pneumatic tourniquets leads to a hyperdynamic circulatory response. Sympathomimetic activity is an important factor in tourniquet‐induced hypertension. Stellate ganglion block specifically blunts sympathetic efferent nerves and prevents hypertension induced by sympathomimetic stimulation. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on arterial pressure and heart rate during prolonged tourniquet use under general anesthesia.Methods:  Twenty patients scheduled for knee arthroscopy were either treated with 10 ml of 1% lidocaine for SGB (SGB group; n = 10), or intramuscular injection (IM group; n = 10) before tourniquet inflation. Comparisons of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate were made before and after the induction of anesthesia, 10 min after the lidocaine treatment, every 5 min during the first 60 min after tourniquet inflation, and immediately before and 5 min following deflation. The maximum values of the circulatory variables were compared.Results:  Tourniquet inflation caused increases in the circulatory variables in both groups. Systolic arterial pressure in the SGB group was significantly lower than that in the IM group after 55 min of tourniquet inflation. Diastolic arterial pressure also was significantly lower in the SGB group immediately before the deflation. The maximum values of the three hemodynamic variables were significantly lower in the SGB group. Arterial pressure significantly decreased after tourniquet deflation in the IM group.Conclusion:  Ipsilateral SGB attenuated the hyperdynamic response mediated by prolonged tourniquet inflation during knee arthroscopy.
An Empirical Survey of Social Structure and Nationalistic Identification in Spain in the 1990s
Authors: De Rafael Gonzalo Herranz 
Published: April 2004

Abstract. The present study aims to advance somewhat more in the subjective margins of what has become known as nationalistic consciousness. Based on two types of studies, one descriptive and the other explicative, and based on primary data from surveys from the CIRES,1 an attempt has been made to prove or refute two hypotheses: first, that the non–existence of nationalistic consciousness means that nationalism does not exist in an existing or projected nation; and second, that the social structure of nationalism has no definite profile, but that there are different types of nationalism, all with the same objective, that of gaining independence or political–cultural autonomy for their existent or projected nation.These data demonstrate two important facts; the first is the non–existence of nationalistic consciousness in Spain. The second, which joins both hypotheses, is that in Spain there is a dual nationality or a shared nationalism, since the majority of Spaniards identify themselves with Spain as well as with their region and/or nation of origin, regardless of their ideology, religious beliefs, class, educational and professional status, etc. On the other hand, this leads us to suggest, and perhaps it is the most important result of the research, that this represents a consolidation of the system of Autonomous Communities.
The Reproductive State of Female Voles Affects their Scent Marking Behavior and the Responses of Male Conspecifics to Such Marks
Authors: Ferkin M. H. , Lee D. N. , Leonard S. T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDuring the breeding season, the reproductive condition of female mammals changes. Females may or may not be sexually receptive. We conducted a series of experiments to determine whether reproductive condition of female meadow voles affects their scent marking behavior as well as the scent marking behavior of male conspecifics. In expt 1, females in postpartum estrus (PPE females) deposited more scent marks than females that were neither pregnant nor lactating (REF females) or ovariectomized females (OVX females). In expt 2, male voles scent marked more and deposited more over‐marks in areas marked by PPE females than by REF and OVX females. In expt 3, PPE females deposited more scent marks and over‐marks in areas marked by males than did females in the other reproductive states. The results of these experiments showed that male and female voles may vary in the number, type and location of scent marks they deposit in areas scented by particular conspecifics.
Nursing practice issues in Jordan: student‐suggested causes and solutions
Authors: Mrayyan M. T. , Acorn S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground:  The causes of the worldwide shortage of registered nurses are complex and require a multifaceted approach to the solution. It is imperative that issues of the practice environment are addressed because creating quality practice environments is essential to provide high‐quality care and to persuade nurses to remain in practice.Aims:  The aims of this paper are to describe an international collaborative relationship, and to identify, describe and suggest solutions to three nursing practice issues relevant to Jordanian nursing.Method:  Two faculty members, one from Jordan and one from Canada, collaborated via e‐mail to develop a fourth‐year course on nursing leadership and management, which was then jointly taught by them. A student assignment required students, working in groups, to identify a nursing practice issue in Jordan and suggest contributing causes and solutions.Conclusion:  The issues identified by the students were: unclear role expectations, burnout and turnover, all of which were viewed as contributing to problematic practice settings. The students suggested possible solutions to the practice environment issues.
Reinfection withChlamydophila abortusby Uterine and Indirect Cohort Routes Reduces Fertility in Cattle Preexposed toChlamydophila
Authors: DeGraves Fred J. , Kim TeaYoun , Jee JunBae , Schlapp Tobias , Hehnen Hans-Robert , Kaltenboeck Bernhard 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of controlled reinfection on fertility of cattle naturally preexposed toChlamydophila abortus. All animals had high prechallenge levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 serum antibodies against ruminantC. abortusin a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty virgin heifers were estrus synchronized with prostaglandin F2, artificially inseminated 2 to 3 days later, and challenged immediately by intrauterine administration of 0, 104, 105, 106, or 108inclusion-forming units (IFU) ofC. abortus. Ten heifers were estrus synchronized, inseminated, and uterine challenged 2 weeks later. These animals were also indirectly exposed toC. abortusinfection (cohort challenged) by contact with their previously challenged cohorts. Pregnancy was determined by rectal palpation 42 days after insemination. All anti-C. abortusantibody isotypes increased in heifers following uterine challenge with 108IFU. A total of 11, 83, 50, 66, and 0% of heifers were pregnant after uterine challenge with 0, 104, 105, 106, and 108IFU ofC. abortus, respectively. A total of 50 and 65% of heifers were pregnant with and without cohort challenge, respectively. Uterine inoculum dose and cohort challenge (or, alternatively, a negative pregnancy outcome [infertility]) correlated highly significantly with a rise in postchallenge anti-C. abortusIgM levels over prechallenge levels. Logistic regression modeled fertility, with uterine challenge dose and cohort challenge or prechallenge IgM as predictors (P< 0.05). The models predict that the uterineC. abortusinoculum causing infertility is 8.5-fold higher for heifers without cohort exposure and 17-fold higher for heifers with high IgM levels than for heifers with cohort exposure or with low IgM levels.
Alcohol Exacerbates Murine Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Mason Carol M. , Dobard Elizabeth , Zhang Ping , Nelson Steve 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTAlcohol consumption has been described as a risk factor for infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis, but its contribution to tuberculosis has been difficult to isolate from other adverse socioeconomic factors. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of alcohol consumption on pulmonary infection withM. tuberculosisin a murine model. BALB/c mice were maintained on the Lieber-DeCarli liquid ethanol diet or a liquid control diet and infected intratracheally with low-doseM. tuberculosisH37Rv. Lung organism burdens, lung and lung-associated lymph node CD4+- and CD8+- lymphocyte numbers and rates of proliferation, and CD4+-lymphocyte cytokine production levels were compared between the groups. The alcohol-consuming mice had significantly higher lung organism burdens than the control mice, and the CD4+- and CD8+-lymphocyte responses to pulmonary infection withM. tuberculosiswere blunted in the alcohol group. Lymphocyte proliferation and production of gamma interferon were decreased in the CD4+lymphocytes from the alcohol-consuming mice. Additionally, lung granulomas were significantly smaller in the alcohol-consuming mice. In conclusion, murine alcohol consumption is associated with decreased control of pulmonary infection withM. tuberculosis, which is accompanied by alterations in the region-specific CD4+- and CD8+-lymphocyte responses and defective lung granuloma formation.
Complement Protein C3 Binding toMycobacterium tuberculosisIs Initiated by the Classical Pathway in Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Authors: Ferguson J. Scott , Weis Jeremy J. , Martin Jennifer L. , Schlesinger Larry S. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTIn high concentrations of fresh nonimmune human serum,Mycobacterium tuberculosisactivates the alternative pathway of complement and binds C3 protein, resulting in enhanced phagocytosis by complement receptors on human alveolar macrophages. Yet in the lung, the alternative pathway of complement is relatively inactive compared to the classical pathway. To begin to determine whether C3 opsonophagocytosis ofM. tuberculosisby alveolar macrophages can occur in the lung of the immunologically naive host, we characterized the binding of C3 toM. tuberculosisin different concentrations of fresh nonimmune human serum and concentrated human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Here we show that in human serum, C3 binding toM. tuberculosisis rapid, initiated by either the alternative pathway or the classical pathway, depending on the concentration of serum, and occurs by covalent linkages between the bacterial surface and the C3 cleavage products, C3b or C3bi. Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contains C3 protein and functional classical pathway activity that mediates the binding of C3 to the surface ofM. tuberculosis. These studies provide evidence that whenM. tuberculosisis first inhaled into the lungs of the human host, the bacterium is opsonized by C3 cleavage via classical pathway activation within the alveolus, providing a C3-dependent entry pathway into resident alveolar macrophages.
Cross-Reactivity ofSchistosoma mansoniCytosolic Superoxide Dismutase, a Protective Vaccine Candidate, with Host Superoxide Dismutase and Identification of Parasite-Specific B Epitopes
Authors: Carvalho-Queiroz Claudia , Cook Rosemary , Wang Ching C. , Correa-Oliveira Rodrigo , Bailey Nicola A. , Egilmez Nejat K. , Mathiowitz Edith , LoVerde Philip T. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTSchistosoma mansoni, an intravascular parasite, has evolved a number of immune evasion mechanisms to establish itself in the host, such as antioxidant enzymes. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the highest levels of certain antioxidant enzymes are found in adult worms, which are the least susceptible to immune killing. Vaccination of mice with naked DNA constructs containing the gene encoding Cu/Zn cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SmCT-SOD) showed significant levels of protection compared to a control group, and our data demonstrate that the adult worms are a target of the immune response that confers resistance in SmCT-SOD DNA-vaccinated mice. Because SmCT-SOD shows significant identity with the human homologue, we evaluated the reactivity of anti-SmCT-SOD antibodies derived from SmCT-SOD-immunized mice and rabbits and fromS. mansoni-infected individuals to human superoxide dismutase (hSOD) and SmCT-SOD parasite-specific peptides to assess the potential for autoimmune responses from immunization with the recombinant molecule. In addition, we evaluated the ability of various SmCT-SOD adjuvant-delivered immunizations to induce cross-reactive antibodies. Both mouse and rabbit antibodies generated against SmCT-SOD recognized the denatured form of hSOD. The same antibodies did not recognize nondenatured hSOD. Sera from infected individuals with different clinical forms of schistosomiasis recognized SmCT-SOD but not hSOD. Antibodies from mice immunized with different SmCT-SOD-containing formulations of both DNA and protein were able to recognize SmCT-SOD-derived peptides but not soluble hSOD. All together, these findings serve as a basis for developing a subunit vaccine against schistosomiasis.
Essential Role for the
gtfA
Gene Encoding a Putative Glycosyltransferase in the Adherence of
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Narimatsu Masahiro , Noiri Yuichiro , Itoh Shousaku , Noguchi Nobuo , Kawahara Takashi , Ebisu Shigeyuki 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas gingivalis
, an oral bacterium, might play a role in the pathogenesis or progression of adult periodontitis. In this study, we isolated from
P. gingivalis
a putative glycosyltransferase gene, designated
gtfA
, which had a consensus domain for glycosyltransferase in its N terminus. GtfA consisted of 248 amino acids and its predicted molecular mass was 28 kDa; however, as the molecular mass of endogenous GtfA protein was around 40 kDa, this suggested that GtfA had undergone some posttranslational modifications. To reveal the role of the
gtfA
gene in
P. gingivalis
, we established
gtfA
-deficient strains by allelic replacement. Morphologically,
gtfA
-deficient
P. gingivalis
lacked mature fimbriae.
gtfA
-deficient
P. gingivalis
also showed a very low ability for autoaggregation, and its ability to attach to epithelial cells was severely impaired. Thus, the results indicate that the
gtfA
gene is required for
P. gingivalis
autoaggregation as well as attachment to epithelial cells. These results suggest that GtfA might have an important role in the pathogenicity of
P. gingivalis
by regulating adhesion.