bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in care for rheumatoid arthritis: A population study
Authors: Lacaille Diane , Anis Aslam H. , Guh Daphne P. , Esdaile John M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTreatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) now recommend early, aggressive, and persistent use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to prevent joint damage in all people with active inflammation, and evaluation by a rheumatologist, when possible. This research assesses whether care for RA, at a population level, is consistent with current treatment guidelines.MethodsUsing administrative billing data from the Ministry of Health in 1996–2000, all prevalent RA cases in British Columbia, Canada were identified. Data were obtained on all medications and all provincially‐funded health care services.ResultsWe identified 27,710 RA cases, yielding a prevalence rate of 0.76%, consistent with epidemiologic studies. DMARD use was inappropriately low. Only 43% of the entire RA cohort received a DMARD at least once over 5 years, and 35% over 2 years. When used, DMARDs were started in a timely fashion, but were not used consistently. Care by a rheumatologist increased DMARD use 31‐fold. Yet, only 48% and 34% saw a rheumatologist over 5 and 2 years, respectively. DMARD use was significantly more frequent, persistent, and more often used as combination therapy with continuous rheumatologist care. DMARDs were used by 84% and 73%, 40%, and 10% of people followed by rheumatologists continuously and intermittently, internists, and family physicians, respectively (P< 0.001). NSAID use, physiotherapy, and orthopedic surgeries were similar across these 4 care groups.ConclusionRA care in the British Columbia population was not consistent with current treatment guidelines. Efforts to educate family physicians and consumers about the shift in RA treatment paradigms and to improve access to rheumatologists are needed.
Hepatitis C virus infection in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Palazzi Carlo , Olivieri Ignazio , D'amico Emilio , D'agostino Lorena , Nicolucci Antonio , Pennese Ernesta , Petricca Attilio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), compared with patients affected by non HCV‐related rheumatic degenerative disorders.MethodsOne‐hundred consecutive subjects with PsA, and a statistically comparable group of 100 consecutive patients with peripheral osteoarthritis (OA) or sciatica due to L4–L5 or L5–S1 herniated disc were tested for HCV infection with a third‐generation microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). Positive cases were submitted to a third‐generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) confirmatory test. Comparison between the HCV prevalence obtained in the 2 enrolled groups was performed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsAnti‐HCV antibodies were found with the MEIA method, in 1 patient with PsA, and in 4 patients with OA or sciatica. The RIBA method confirmed MEIA results in all positive patients. The difference in HCV prevalence detected in the PsA group and in the control group was not statistically significant (P = 0.68). Furthermore, HCV prevalence in PsA patients was lower than the ones reported in different geographic areas of Italy.ConclusionOur present report does not confirm previous data that indicated an increased prevalence of HCV in PsA patients, and as a consequence, does not sustain a possible trigger role of HCV in cases of PsA. The absence of clinical or instrumental resources that consent a definite differential diagnosis between PsA and HCV‐related arthritis was outlined and analyzed.
Effectiveness of manual therapy or pulsed shortwave diathermy in addition to advice and exercise for neck disorders: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial in physical therapy clinics
Authors: Dziedzic Krysia , Hill Jonathan , Lewis Martyn , Sim Julius , Daniels Jane , Hay Elaine M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether manual therapy or pulsed shortwave diathermy, in addition to advice and exercise, provide better clinical outcome at 6 months than advice and exercise alone in primary care patients with nonspecific neck disorders.MethodsThis was a multicenter, 3‐arm randomized controlled trial in 15 physical therapy departments. Of the 735 screened patients, 350 were recruited to the study (mean age 51 years) from July 2000 to June 2002. Participants were randomized to advice and exercise plus manual therapy, advice and exercise plus pulsed shortwave, or advice and exercise alone. Assessments were undertaken at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire. Analysis was by intention to treat.ResultsOf the participants, 115 were allocated to advice and exercise, 114 to advice and exercise plus manual therapy, and 121 to advice and exercise plus pulsed shortwave; 98% received the allocated treatment. There was 93% followup at 6 months. The mean ± SD fall in Northwick Park score at 6 months was 11.5 ± 15.7 for advice and exercise alone, 10.2 ± 14.1 for advice and exercise plus manual therapy, and 10.3 ± 15.0 for advice and exercise plus pulsed shortwave. There were no statistically significant differences in mean changes between groups.ConclusionThe addition of pulsed shortwave or manual therapy to advice and exercise did not provide any additional benefits in the physical therapy treatment of neck disorders.
Gatekeeping indicators exemplified by the main players in the international gatekeeping orchestration of analytical chemistry journals
Authors: Braun Tibor , Dióspatonyi Ildikó 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMost of the science indicators used in the literature for characterizing the research activity and performance of nations are based on journal articles and citations. As an alternative we have examined the use of journal gatekeepers as real and useful science indicators. As an example, gatekeepers of some analytical chemistry core journals were used. To reveal the changes in the contributions of different nations to the field studied, a comparison has been made between the 1970–1974 and the 2002 data on gatekeepers of the same journals.
The effects of expertise and feedback on search term selection and subsequent learning
Authors: Hembrooke Helene A. , Granka Laura A. , Gay Geraldine K. , Liddy Elizabeth D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractQuery formation and expansion is an integral part of nearly every effort to search for information. In the work reported here we investigate the effects of domain knowledge and feedback on search term selection and reformation. We explore differences between experts and novices as they generate search terms over 10 successive trials and under two feedback conditions. Search attempts were coded on quantitative dimensions such as the number of unique terms and average time per trial, and as a whole in an attempt to characterize the user's conceptual map for the topic under differing conditions of participant‐defined domain expertise. Nine distinct strategies were identified. Differences emerged as a function of both expertise and feedback. In addition, strategic behavior varied depending on prior search conditions. The results are considered from both a theoretical and design perspective, and have direct implications for digital library usability and metadata generation, and query expansion systems.
Recording evidence in bibliographic records and descriptive metadata
Authors: Taniguchi Shoichi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this article recording evidence for data values in addition to the values themselves in bibliographic records and descriptive metadata is proposed, with the aim of improving the expressiveness and reliability of those records and metadata. Recorded evidence indicates why and how data values are recorded for elements. Recording the history of changes in data values is also proposed, with the aim of reinforcing recorded evidence. First, evidence that can be recorded is categorized into classes: identifiers of rules or tasks, action descriptions of them, and input and output data of them. Dates of recording values and evidence are an additional class. Then, the relative usefulness of evidence classes and also levels (i.e., the record, data element, or data value level) to which an individual evidence class is applied, is examined. Second, examples that can be viewed as recorded evidence in existing bibliographic records and current cataloging rules are shown. Third, some examples of bibliographic records and descriptive metadata with notes of evidence are demonstrated. Fourth, ways of using recorded evidence are addressed.
Online monitoring and characterization of flocculating yeast cell flocs during continuous ethanol fermentation
Authors: Ge X.M. , Zhao X.Q. , Bai F.W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBoth intrinsic and observed kinetic investigations for those ethanol fermentations using self‐flocculated yeast strains have been hindered by the lack of real online monitoring techniques and proper characterization methods for the flocs. An optical detecting technique, the focused beam reflectance measurement probe developed by Lasentec (Redmond, WA) was inserted into a fermentor to monitor the floc chord length distributions. Using a simulating system composed of the floc‐buffer suspensions, the total floc chord length counts per second were directly correlated with the floc biomass concentrations so that the floc biomass concentrations can be in situ detected. Furthermore, a characterization method of the flocs was established by properly weighted treatments of the detected floc chord length distributions. When a real yeast floc ethanol fermentation system was detected during its intrinsic kinetic investigations in which the floc size needed to be controlled at a level of micrometer scale to eliminate inner mass transfer limitations, it was found and validated that CO2 produced during fermentation exerted significant disturbances. By applying 1/length‐weighted treatment, these disturbances were effectively overcome. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective separation of β‐lactoglobulin from sweet whey using CGAs generated from the cationic surfactant CTAB
Authors: Fuda Elisabeth , Bhatia Divesh , Pyle D.L. , Jauregi Paula 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe selective separation of whey proteins was studied using colloidal gas aphrons generated from the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). From the titration curves obtained by zeta potential measurements of individual whey proteins, it was expected to selectively adsorb the major whey proteins, i.e., bovine serum albumin, α‐lactalbumin, and β‐lactoglobulin to the aphrons and elute the remaining proteins (lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase) in the liquid phase. A number of process parameters including pH, ionic strength, and mass ratio of surfactant to protein (MCTAB/MTP) were varied in order to evaluate their effect on protein separation. Under optimum conditions (2 mmol/l CTAB, MCTAB/MTP= 0.26–0.35, pH 8, and ionic strength = 0.018 mol/l), 80–90% β‐lactoglobulin was removed from the liquid phase as a precipitate, while about 75% lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, 80% bovine serum albumin, 95% immunoglobulin, and 65% α‐lactalbumin were recovered in the liquid fraction. Mechanistic studies using zeta potential measurements and fluorescence spectroscopy proved that electrostatic interactions modulate only partially the selectivity of protein separation, as proteins with similar surface charges do not separate to the same extent between the two phases. The selectivity of recovery of β‐lactoglobulin probably occurs in two steps: the first being the selective interaction of the protein with opposite‐charged surfactant molecules by means of electrostatic interactions, which leads to denaturation of the protein and subsequent formation and precipitation of the CTAB‐β‐lactoglobulin complex. This is followed by the separation of CTAB‐β‐lactoglobulin aggregates from the bulk liquid by flotation in the aphron phase. In this way, CGAs act as carriers which facilitate the removal of protein precipitate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceived deterrence and outcomes in drug court
Authors: Marlowe Douglas B. , Festinger David S. , Foltz Carol , Lee Patricia A. , Patapis Nicholas S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAccording to perceived‐deterrence theory, the likelihood that an offender will engage in drug use or illegal activity is influenced by the perceived certainty of being detected for infractions or recognized for accomplishments, the perceived certainty of receiving sanctions for infractions or rewards for accomplishments, and the anticipated magnitude of the sanctions and rewards. This study evaluated drug court participants' perceived deterrence at monthly intervals during their enrollment in drug court. Exploratory cluster analysis (N = 255) on the longitudinal scores yielded five subtypes of drug offenders characterized either by consistently elevated perceived‐deterrence scores, consistently moderate scores, consistently low scores, increasing scores, or decreasing scores. The best outcomes were associated with consistently elevated scores, whereas the worst outcomes were associated with scores that declined over time as the participants became accustomed to the program. The clusters also differed in predicted directions on demographic variables. The correlational design does not permit inferences of causality; however, the results lend credence to perceived deterrence as a potential explanatory mechanism for the effects of drug courts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasting jail diversion and in‐jail services for mental illness and substance abuse: do they serve the same clients?
Authors: Draine Jeffrey , Blank Amy , Kottsieper Petra , Solomon Phyllis 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBaseline data from a study of jail diversion services and in‐jail behavioral health services were used to examine the differences in clients served by these two models of responding to people with co‐occurring mental health and substance abuse problems in the criminal justice system. Clients of the diversion service had more acute psychiatric symptoms and were more likely to have a diagnosis of psychosis NOS. Clients of the in‐jail service were more likely to have been on probation or parole in the past and to have received substance abuse treatment. Different service models may attract and serve different populations of clients. Diversion services may cast a wider net that includes clients who may not have otherwise been involved in forensic services. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of a Mental Health Treatment Court with assertive community treatment
Authors: Cosden Merith , Ellens Jeffrey , Schnell Jeffrey , Yamini‐Diouf Yasmeen 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of a Mental Health Treatment Court (MHTC) with diversion to treatment supported by an assertive community treatment (ACT) model of case management. A total of 235 participants were randomly assigned to either MHTC or treatment as usual (TAU) and assessed over a 2 year period. It was hypothesized that participants in the MHTC would decrease their criminal activity and improve their psychosocial functioning relative to participants receiving TAU. While there were offenders for whom neither treatment was effective, a majority in both groups decreased jail days and improved psychosocial functioning, with MHTC participants demonstrating greater gains in most areas. The impact of implementing the MHTC on community practices, and the value of integrating criminal justice and mental health systems, is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the effectiveness of jail diversion programs for persons with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance use disorders
Authors: Steadman Henry J. , Naples Michelle 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn recent years, jail diversion programs for people with serious mental illness and co‐occurring substance use disorders have received increasing attention and have rapidly grown in number. Previous studies suggest that jail diversion programs have the potential to achieve positive outcomes. The present study reports findings from 6 jail diversion programs (3 pre‐booking and 3 post‐booking) participating in a federally‐funded research initiative to assess the effectiveness of jail diversion programs for people with co‐occurring disorders. Diverted and non‐diverted groups were compared on self‐reported outcomes at 12 months following diversion. The findings suggest that jail diversion reduces time spent in jail without increasing the public safety risk, while linking participants to community‐based services. Jail diversion costs and the implications of these results for jail diversion programs and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions of Thioisatin with L‐Proline and (R)‐(‐)‐Thiaproline.
Authors: Pardasani R. T. , Pardasani P. , Sharma I. , Londhe A. , Gupta B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Substrate‐Controlled Diastereoselective Aziridination of Alkenes Using 3‐Acetoxyaminoquinazolinone in the Presence of Hexamethyldisilazane.
Authors: Ulukanli Sabri , Karabuga Semistan , Celik Ayhan , Kazaz Cavit 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐R‐5‐Ar(Het)‐5,6‐dihydro‐7H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b][1,3]thiazin‐7‐ones.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Lozinskii M. O. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Survivors of childhood cancer and their guardians
Authors: Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Werner Cary , Clipp Elizabeth C. , Guill Ann Bebe , Bonner Melanie , Jones Lee W. , Rosoff Philip M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurvivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and second malignancies—conditions for which modifiable risk factors are recognized and lifestyle interventions have shown benefit. Although some data regarding health behaviors of this population exist, receptivity to health promotion is largely unknown.METHODSA survey was mailed to 380 survivors (age range, 11–33 years) of childhood leukemia, lymphoma, or central nervous system carcinomas (and guardians of survivors < 18 years old) to elicit data on exercise, dietary intake of calcium, fat, and fruits and vegetables, smoking status, readiness to pursue lifestyle change, quality of life, and interest in various health interventions.RESULTSResponses from 209 survivors (a 55% response rate) suggested that most did not meet guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption (79%), calcium intake (68%), or exercise (52%), 42% were overweight/obese, and 84% consumed > 30% of calories from fat. Older (> 18 years) compared with younger (< 18 years) survivors were more likely to smoke (17% vs. 1%), to be obese (21.6% vs. 14.6%), and to have suboptimal calcium intakes (75.6% vs. 57.6%). No differences in lifestyle behaviors were observed between cancer groups. Compared with interventions aimed at weight control, improving self‐esteem, or smoking cessation, the highest levels of interest were found consistently for interventions aimed at getting in shape and eating healthy. Survivors preferred mailed interventions to those delivered in‐person, by telephone counselors, or via computers.CONCLUSIONSSurvivors of childhood cancer practiced several suboptimal health behaviors. Health promotion interventions aimed at areas of interest and delivered through acceptable channels have the potential to improve long‐term health and function of this vulnerable population. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Optical Characteristics of Atomic Force Microscopy Tips for Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Applications
Authors: Gaiduk Alexander , Kühnemuth Ralf , Antonik Matthew , Seidel Claus A. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractKnowledge of the optical properties of atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips is relevant for the combination of optical and force spectroscopy. The luminescence properties of five commercial AFM tips were characterized using a combination of multiparameter fluorescence detection (MFD) and scanning confocal techniques. These include three Si3N4 tips, one silicon tip, and one high‐density carbon (HDC) tip grown on top of a silicon tip. Time‐decay histograms of the signal were analyzed to determine the strength of scatter, constant background, and fluorescence in the observed signal. Intensity and anisotropy images with optical resolution down to the diffraction limit were generated. The optical signal recorded from the apex of the Si3N4 tips ranged from 0.7 to 1.9 times the count rates from single Rhodamine 110 molecules under similar illumination conditions. The signal is predominantly composed of scatter and background (>85 %), plus a small fluorescence component with lifetimes between 1 and 3 ns. The intensity of the recorded signal fell with increasing distance from the apex, and by 300 nm the signals fell below single‐molecule levels for all Si3N4 cantilevers. Silicon cantilevers demonstrated very low count rates relative to single‐molecule measurements under all conditions, and virtually no fluorescence. The high‐density carbon tips also demonstrated low count rates, but the signal contained a short lifetime fluorescence component (0.7 ns). The intensity of the signals from each of the tips was geometry dependent, demonstrating the highest intensities at the edges and corners. Likewise, the anisotropy of all tip signals was observed to be geometry dependent, with the dependence varying on a case‐by‐case basis. The implications for using confocal illumination instead of total internal reflection are discussed.
Insulin therapy in pregnancy complicated by diabetes: are insulin analogs a new tool?
Authors: Lapolla A. , Dalfrà M. G. , Fedele D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that good metabolic control maintained throughout pregnancy can reduce maternal and fetal complications in diabetes. To achieve good metabolic control, before conception and throughout pregnancy, insulin therapy needs to be optimized, and, in this context, the new insulins currently on the market may help. We therefore review here what is known about the potential benefits and risks related to the use of these new insulins in pregnancy. Clinical and experimental data on insulin lispro strongly suggest that lispro does not have adverse maternal or fetal effects during pregnancy in women with preexisting diabetes, and also that its use in these women results in improved glycemic control, fewer hypoglycemic episodes, and improved patient satisfaction. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the use of insulin lispro is efficient in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and some neonatal features related to hyperglycemia, thus stressing its usefulness in this condition. As for insulin aspart, clinical data on GDM patients shows the same efficacy as insulin lispro in lowering postprandial hyperglycemia, indicating that insulin aspart may be used in GDM when this condition is characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia. The results of a multicentric study now in progress on the efficacy and safety of insulin aspart in type 1 pregnant diabetic patients will definitely be useful in establishing whether this insulin is safe in pregnancy. For the moment, the use of insulin glargine during pregnancy is not recommended owing to the lack of data on maternal and fetal effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.