bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The process of rehabilitating reinforced concrete slabs using various materials such as steel bars, steel plates, textiles, and different types of geogrids
Authors: Mabrouk Ibrahim , Mahmoud Mahmoud Hassan , Bushnaq Muhammad Metwally 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study involved conducting a comparative experimental investigation to explore various techniques for rehabilitating reinforced concrete slabs. The initial phase of the experimental program consisted of testing seven reinforced concrete slabs with dimensions of 450x50mm and a length of 1000mm under line load. These slabs were divided into three groups. G.1served as the control group, comprising solid slabs without any rehabilitation. G.2 included three slabs that were rehabilitated using different methods, such as reinforcement rebars, steel plates, and textile straps with dimensions of 450x50x1mm in the short direction and 1000x50x1mm in the long direction. G.3 comprised three slabs rehabilitated with various types of geogrids, namely uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial.To validate the experimental findings, a nonlinear finite element analysis (NFEA) was carried out using the Abaqus program. The test results indicated that the most effective, straightforward, and cost-efficient rehabilitation technique involved using an 8mm diameter reinforced bar mesh, resulting in a 74.10% increase in load capacity and an acceptable level of stiffness. Slabs rehabilitated with steel plates and textile straps demonstrated load capacity increases of 4.32% and 9.35% respectively, compared to the control slab's ultimate capacity, while maintaining an acceptable level of stiffness. However, slabs rehabilitated with geogrids, particularly those using biaxial geogrid, exhibited load capacity increases of up to 15.83% compared to the control slab's ultimate capacity. The slab rehabilitated with triaxial geogrid demonstrated a load capacity increase of 7.91% compared to the control slab's ultimate capacity, along with an acceptable level of stiffness.
Handlungssystem und Symbolsystem
Authors: Boyken Thomas 
Published: December 2023

[English title and abstract below]
Handlungssystem und Symbolsystem sind etablierte Konzepte der Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung. Üblicherweise werden sie nicht näher bestimmt; sie scheinen sich von selbst zu verstehen. Im Artikel wird rekonstruiert, wie Handlungssystem und Symbolsystem in den Diskurs eingeführt wurden und was sie bezeichnen. Methodisch erfolgt dabei eine Orientierung an aktuellen praxeologischen Forschungen, die wissenschaftliche Routinen in ihrer Entstehung und in ihrem Kontext perspektivieren. Nicht zu unterschätzen ist dabei, dass, wie Stefan Martus ausführt, literaturwissenschaftliche Praxis immer eine geteilte Praxis ist, wobei sich die Erkenntnisse des Fachs zu einem beträchtlichen Teil aus informellen, alltäglichen Interaktionen ergäben. Eine mögliche Erklärung für die Etablierung der Begriffe in der Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung könnte die Attraktivität der Systemtheorie in den 1990er-Jahren sein. Ferner ist mit Begriffsgebrauch stets eine ‚forschungsstrategische‘ Dimension verbunden, die sich in diesem Fall auch auf die Konstitution der Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung als eigenständiger Disziplin richtet. Ausgehend von der leitenden These, dass sowohl Handlungssystem als auch Symbolsystem – auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise – mehrdeutig sind, werden zum einen die verschiedenen Intensionen beider Begriffe rekonstruiert. Zum anderen wird am Ende des Beitrags zur Diskussion gestellt, ob ein Festhalten an diesen Begriffen sinnvoll ist.
‘Handlungssystem’ and ‘Symbolsystem’Reflections on the Heuristic Value of the Concepts in Research on Children’s and Young Adult Literature
The concepts of ‘Handlungssystem’ [agent system] and ‘Symbolsystem’ [system of symbols] are established in German-language children’s literature scholarship. They are not usually defined in more detail but are taken as self-explanatory. This article reconstructs how the concepts of ‘Handlungssystem’ and ‘Symbolsystem’were introduced into the discourse and what they denote. Methodologically, the argumentation is oriented towards current praxeological research, which focuses on the emergence and context of academic practices. The practice of literary studies is, as Steffen Martus reminds us, always a shared one, in which the insights of the discipline are derived to a considerable extent from informal, everyday interactions. The popularity of systems theory in the 1990s might be a reason the terms became established in children’s literature scholarship. In addition, the use of terms is always associated with research strategy, which in this case is directed towards the constitution of children’s literature research as an autonomous discipline. This article begins with the premise that both terms are ambiguous – in different ways. It will reconstruct the different intentions of the terms before finally asking whether it makes sense to adhere to the concepts of ‘Handlungssystem’ and ‘Symbolsystem’.
Reconstructing volatile exsolution in a porphyry ore-forming magma chamber: Perspectives from apatite inclusions
Authors: Huang Wenting , Stock Michael J. , Guyett Paul C. , Xia Xiao-Ping , Liang Huaying , Sun Weidong , Lai Chun-kit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Porphyry-type deposits in the shallow crust (3–5 km) are formed from metal-rich fluids exsolved from underlying magma chambers (5–15 km). However, a direct volatile record of the fluid exsolution in the magma chamber is commonly lacking. Here, we analyze the compositions of apatite inclusions (in biotite and plagioclase phenocrysts and fully/partly included in zircon microphenocrysts) and the apatite in groundmass from the largest Cretaceous Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in South China. In combination with thermodynamic models, we reconstructed the volatile behavior in the ore-forming magma. The analyzed apatites are magmatic in origin, without hydrothermal overprint, as indicated by their homogeneous cathodoluminescence (CL) and higher Cl and REE contents than typical hydrothermal apatite. Apatite inclusions fully enclosed in zircon show decreasing XClAp/XOHAp (1.5–0.1) with increasing XFAp/XOHAp (0.4–3.3) and XFAp/XClAp (0.5–21), and display a steep drop in XClAp at approximately constant XOHAp in the ternary F-Cl-OH plot. These trends follow the modeled compositional trajectories of isobaric, H2O-saturated crystallization, indicating volatile exsolution during or before zircon crystallization in the magma chamber. Groundmass apatite crystals, phenocryst-hosted apatite inclusions, and apatite inclusions that are partially enclosed by zircon microphenocrysts have comparable volatile compositions, with much higher XFAp/XOHAp (1.7–78.8) and XFAp/XClAp (2.3–37.5) but lower XOHAp and XClAp than those fully enclosed in zircon. Compositional similarities between these crystals in different textural associations indicate that the phenocryst-hosted apatite inclusions do not preserve their original volatile records at the time of entrapment, and the volatile compositions were overprinted by later re-equilibration with the residual melt and the exsolved magmatic fluids. Given the porphyry magma is highly oxidized, and sulfides phases would be unstable in such circumstance, we suggest that volatile exsolution in the magma chamber is essential for Cl and Cu-Mo extraction from the melts and therefore the porphyry mineralization. In this study, only zircon-hosted apatite inclusions appear to best record the magmatic volatile compositions in a porphyry system. Therefore, using apatite hosted in other minerals or groundmass compositions to unravel magma volatile contents in porphyry Cu systems should be conducted with caution.
Machine learning applied to apatite compositions for determining mineralization potential
Authors: Zheng Yu-yu , Xu Bo , Lentz David R. , Yu Xiao-yan , Hou Zeng-qian , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Apatite major and trace element chemistry is a widely used tracer of mineralization as it sensitively records the characteristics of the magmatic-hydrothermal system at the time of its crystallization. Previous studies have proposed useful indicators and binary discrimination diagrams to distinguish between apatites from mineralized and unmineralized rocks; however, their efficiency has been found to be somewhat limited in other systems and larger-scale data sets. This work applied a machine learning (ML) method to classify the chemical compositions of apatites from both fertile and barren rocks, aiming to help determine the mineralization potential of an unknown system. Approximately 13 328 apatite compositional analyses were compiled and labeled from 241 locations in 27 countries worldwide, and three apatite geochemical data sets were established for XGBoost ML model training. The classification results suggest that the developed models (accuracy: 0.851–0.992; F1 score: 0.839–0.993) are much more accurate and efficient than conventional methods (accuracy: 0.242–0.553). Feature importance analysis of the models demonstrates that Cl, F, S, V, Sr/Y, V/Y, Eu*, (La/Yb)N, and La/Sm are important variables in apatite that discriminate fertile and barren host rocks and indicates that V/Y and Cl/F ratios and the S content, in particular, are crucial parameters to discriminating metal enrichment and mineralization potential. This study suggests that ML is a robust tool for processing high-dimensional geochemical data and presents a novel approach that can be applied to mineral exploration.
A study on the consumption of safe drinking water and its determinants using the weighted multinomial logistic model
Authors: Ali Maher , Shah Said Farooq , Khan Yasir , Asim Syed Muhammad , Ullah Syed Fasih 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study introduces a novel approach by incorporating weighted analyses along with unweighted to comprehensively examine the decision-making processes related to drinking water sources and treatment in Pakistani households, utilizing 2018 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) data for weighted descriptive statistics and weighted multinomial logistic models. This research uncovers distinct preferences between urban and rural regions, with urban areas favoring piped water and rural areas relying on surface water and unprotected wells. The age of the household head, household size, media exposure, education, women's empowerment, and wealth are identified as crucial factors influencing these choices. Furthermore, this study delves into household water treatment (HWT) adoption and finds varying rates among rural and urban areas, with household head age and education level playing pivotal roles. Remarkably, household size and media exposure exhibit no significant impact on HWT adoption. The incorporation of weighted and unweighted analyses enriches the understanding of safe drinking water preferences, highlighting regional disparities and influential factors in water source and treatment method adoption within Pakistani households.
Bibliometric Analysis and Systemic Review of Cantharidin Research
Worldwide
Authors: He Tianmu , Duan Cancan , Feng Wenzhong , Ao Jingwen , Lu Dingyang , Li Xiaofei , Zhang Jianyong 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural toxic compound from blister beetle
Mylabris, has been used for cancer treatment for millenary. CTD and its analogs have become
mainstream adjuvant drugs with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in clinical applications. However,
the detailed pharmacology mechanism of CTD was not fully elucidated.

Methods:
Publications of CTD were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database
from 1991 to 2023 using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica software.

Results:
A total of 1,611 publications of CTD were mainly published in China and the United
States. The University of Newcastle has published the most researches. Mcclusey, Adam, Sakoff,
Jennette, and Zhang, Yalin had the most CTD publications with higher H. Notably, CTD
researches were mainly published in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters and the Journal
of Biological Chemistry. Cluster profile results revealed that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A),
human gallbladder carcinoma, Aidi injection, and cell apoptosis were the hotspots. Concentration
on the pharmacology function of PP2A subunit regulation, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity,
and cardiotoxicity mechanism should be strengthened in the future.

Conclusion:
Bibliometric analysis combined with a systemic review of CTD research first revealed
that PP2A and CTD analogs were the knowledge base of CTD, and PP2A subunit regulation
and toxic mechanism could be the frontiers of CTD.
Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer: Common Targets
Authors: Yang Xueqing , Dai Jinlian , Wu Chenglong , Liu Zongliang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
There is growing epidemiologic evidence of an inverse association between cancer and
AD. In addition, both cell survival and death are regulated by the same signaling pathways, and
their abnormal regulation may be implicated in the occurrence and development of cancer and
AD. Research shows that there may be a common molecular mechanism between cancer and AD.
This review will discuss the role of GSK3, DAPK1, PP2A, P53 and CB2R in the pathogenesis of
cancer and AD and describe the current research status of drug development based on these targets.
Preparation of Menthyl 3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) Butyrate and Investigation of its Hypoglycemic Activity
Authors: Kuang Xinmou , Su Minru , Li Hao , Sheng Xiaolan , Cai Huan , Xie Shuilin , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: December 2023

Background:
3-Amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) butyric acid has potential
pharmacological effects in promoting insulin secretion. Menthol promotes drug
transdermal absorption and hypoglycemic effects.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to combine the 3-amino-4-(2,4,5-
trifluorophenyl) butyric acid and menthol to develop a new candidate drug molecule
that can be used as a hypoglycemic drug in type II diabetes.

Methods:
In this study, the molecular structure of 3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)
butyric acid in sitagliptin was modified by replacing pyrazine imidazole with menthol.
The structure of the target compound was characterized by nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR). The anti-diabetic activity of BHF in N000180 BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/
+Leprdb/Nju mice with spontaneous diabetes was preliminarily studied.

Results:
A potential multi-target drug molecule, 3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)
butyrate (BHF), was synthesized by combining 3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) butyric
acid and menthol. BHF is suitable for hyperglycemic mice and has a significant
hypoglycemic effect; the low dose of 10 mg/kg-1 started to be effective, and the high
dose of 40 mg/kg-1 was more effective than the positive drug metformin.

Conclusion:
In this study, BHF has been synthesized and presented significant
antidiabetic activities.
Diagnostic Value of Serum Galectin-3 Binding Protein Level in Patients
with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Li Mingfei , Pan Wenzhi , Tian Dan , Chen Dandan , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhang Yuan , Chen Shasha , Zhou Daxin , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2023

Background::
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) still lacks effective biomarkers to
assist in its diagnosis and prognosis. Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) plays a role in immune
and inflammatory diseases.

Objective::
This study aimed to evaluate Gal-3BP as a prognostic and predictive factor in patients with
PAH.

Methods::
From January 2017 to December 2019, we enrolled 167 consecutive PAH patients and 58
healthy controls. Right heart catheterization (RHC) was used to diagnose PAH. Serum Gal-3BP levels
were measured by high-sensitivity human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results::
Serum Gal-3BP levels in the PAH group were significantly higher compared with the control
group (4.87±2.09 vs 2.22±0.86 μg/mL, p<0.001). Gal-3BP level was correlated with several hemodynamic
parameters obtained from RHC (p<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis
showed that Gal-3BP was a risk factor for PAH (odds ratio (OR)=2.947, 95% CI: 1.821-4.767,
p<0.001). The optimal cut-off value of serum Gal-3BP level for predicting PAH was 2.89 μg/mL
(area under the curve (AUC)=0.860, 95 % CI: 0.811-0.910, p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed
that Gal-3BP levels above the median (4.87 μg/mL) were associated with an increased risk of death in
patients with PAH (hazard ratio (HR)=8.868, 95 % CI: 3.631-21.65, p<0.0001). Cox multivariate risk
regression analysis showed that Gal-3BP was a risk factor for death in PAH patients (HR=2.779,
95 % CI: 1.823-4.237, p<0.001).

Conclusion::
Serum Gal-3BP levels were increased in patients with PAH, and levels of Gal-3BP were
associated with the severity of PAH. Gal-3BP might have predictive value for the diagnosis and
prognosis of PAH.
Unlocking the Potential of Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive
Review of Formulation Strategies and Technologies in the Field of
Pharmaceutics
Authors: Rajan Nitin , Kanaujiya Shubham 
Published: December 2023

:
The creation of innovative drug delivery systems to enhance therapeutic effectiveness,
safety, and patient compliance has resulted in considerable developments in pharmaceutics in recent
years. The most recent formulation techniques and technologies are reviewed in this article to improve
medication distribution and accomplish specific therapeutic goals.

:
This article thoroughly summarizes the most recent formulation techniques and technologies used to
enhance medication delivery and provide specific therapeutic effects. It discusses the variety of medication
delivery methods, including nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and dendrimers, and explores
the application of nanotechnology and biotechnology in drug delivery. Additionally, the paper emphasizes
the significance of targeted drug delivery systems and their capacity to cross biological barriers
including the blood-brain barrier and tumor microenvironment.

:
The review also addresses the challenges faced in developing and commercializing drug delivery
systems and suggests potential solutions to overcome them. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the
role of computational modeling and simulation in designing and optimizing drug delivery systems.

:
Overall, this review paper offers insightful information for pharmaceutics researchers, scientists, and
practitioners that will help in the creation of novel drug delivery systems that improve patient outcomes
and quality of life.
Antitumor Activity of a Lectin Purified from Punica granatum Pulps against Ehrlich
Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells
Authors: Nurujjaman Md , Mashhoor Tanjila , Pronoy Tasfik Ul Haque , Auwal Abdul , Hasan Md Robiul , Islam Shaikh Shohidul , Hasan Imtiaj , Asaduzzaman A.K.M. , Uddin Md Belal , Kabir Syed Rashel , Islam Farhadul 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with various pharmacological activities, such
as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer. Punica granatum fruit extract has traditional uses,
however, the anti-cancer activity of purified lectin isolated from P. granatum pulp is yet to be reported.

Objective:
The goals of this study are purification, characterization of the lectin from P. granatum, and examination of the purified lectin's anticancer potential.

Methods:
Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange chromatography was used to purify the lectin, and SDSPAGE was used to check the purity and homogeneity of the lectin. Spectrometric and chemical analysis were
used to characterize the lectin. The anticancer activity of the lectin was examined using in vivo and in vitro functional assays.

Results:
A lectin, designated as PgL of 28.0 ± 1.0 kDa molecular mass, was isolated and purified from the pulps
of P. granatum and the lectin contains 40% sugar. Also, it is a bivalent ion-dependent lectin and lost its 75%
activity in the presence of urea (8M). The lectin agglutinated blood cells of humans and rats, and sugar molecules
such as 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-manopyranoside and 2- nitrophenyl -β- D-glucopyranoside inhibited PgL’s hemagglutination activity. At pH ranges of 6.0-8.0 and temperature ranges of 30°C -80°C, PgL exhibited the highest agglutination activity. In vitro MTT assay showed that PgL inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth in a
dose-dependent manner. PgL exhibited 39 % and 58.52 % growth inhibition of EAC cells in the mice model at
1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively. In addition, PgL significantly increased the survival time (32.0 % and
49.3 %) of EAC-bearing mice at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day doses (i.p.), respectively, in comparison to untreated
EAC-bearing animals (p < 0.01). Also, PgL reduced the tumor weight of EAC-bearing mice (66.6 versus 39.13%;
p < 0.01) at the dose of 3.0 mg/kg/day treatment. Furthermore, supplementation of PgL restored the haematological parameters toward normal levels deteriorated in EAC-bearing animals by the toxicity of EAC cells.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that the purified lectin has anticancer activity and has the potential to be developed as an effective chemotherapy agent.
An Active Compound from the Pyrazine Family Induces Apoptosis by Targeting the
Bax/Bcl2 and Survivin Expression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells
Authors: Rostampour Saeedeh , Eslami Farhad , Babaei Esmaeil , Mostafavi Hossein , Mahdavi Majid 
Published: December 2023

Background:
It has been established that pyrazine derivatives, which have widespread bioactivities,
can effectively treat cancer.

Objectives:
In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-methoxy-5-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) phenyl pyrazine-2- carboxylate
(2-mOPP), a new pyrazine derivative, on proliferation, viability, and apoptosis induction in human leukemia
K562 cells.

Methods::
For this purpose, the K562 cells were treated with various concentrations (20-120 μM) of the 2-mOPP
for 24-72 hours. Cell viability was determined by MTT growth inhibition assay. Apoptotic activity of 2-mOPP
was investigated morphologically by Hoechst staining, cell surface expression assay of phosphatidylserine by
Annexin-V/PI technique, as well as DNA fragmentation assay. The effect of 2-mOPP on the K562 cell cycle was
studied by flow cytometry. To determine the impact of 2-mOPP on the expression of intrinsic apoptosis-related
genes, Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic), Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Survivin genes expression levels were evaluated before and
after treatment with 2-mOPP through Real-Time PCR analysis.

Results::
The results revealed that 2-mOPP inhibited viability with IC50 of 25μM in 72 h. Morphological changes
assessment by fluorescence microscopy, Annexin V/PI double staining by flow cytometry, and DNA ladders
formation upon cell treatment with the 2-mOPP showed that this compound induces apoptosis at IC50 value. Cell
cycle arrest was observed in the G0/G1 phase, and the sub-G1 cell population (the sign of apoptosis) increased in a
time-dependent manner. Low expression levels of Bcl2 and Survivin in K562 cells were observed 24-72 h after
treatment. Along with the down-regulation of Survivin and Bcl2, the expression of Bax was increased after treatment
with 2-mOPP.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate that the new pyrazine derivative plays a crucial role in blocking the
proliferation of the leukemic cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.