bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Apposition in Surgical Bony Defects Following Orthodontic Movement: A Comparative Histomorphometric Study Between Root‐ and Periodontal Ligament‐Damaged and Periodontally Intact Rat Molars
Authors: Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Beny Leah , Shanberger Shirley , Feldman‐Herman Simona , Vardimon Alexander 
Published: February 2005

Background: The influence of orthodontic tooth movement with diminished periodontal support is unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone healing in surgical defects following orthodontic tooth movement with and without periodontal ligament (PDL) and root surface damage.Methods: The study comprised 33 adult male Wistar rats, divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 14) with bony defect and no root damage and group 2 (n = 19) with periodontal bony defect including root/PDL damage on the mesial root of the maxillary first molar. One week after a surgical defect was created, orthodontic protraction of the right maxillary first molar was initiated in both groups. After 2 weeks of protraction, retention of 1 week was established; at the end of this period block sections were made. Histomorphometric analysis through light microscopy of decalcified tissue was performed. Results were statistically analyzed using independent samples t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures.Results: Differences between groups in total area of bone defect and bone apposition were not statistically significant. Bone apposition calculated as percentage of the bone defect was significantly (t‐test) greater (P = 0.002) in group 2 (46.21%) than in group 1 (24.95%). Within each group, area of bone apposition was significantly (ANOVA) greater in the distal than in the mesial quadrants of the bony defect (P = 0.006) and in the apical than the occlusal ones (P = 0.021).Conclusion: Following orthodontic tooth movement, periodontal bony defects showed enhanced bony healing compared with alveolar bone defects with no direct association with the periodontal attachment apparatus. J Periodontol 2004;75:1013‐1019.
Root Resorption in Chronic Periodontitis: A Morphometrical Study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Pato Raquel B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: It has been previously observed that teeth with severe chronic periodontitis experience more transient external root resorptions than teeth with less severe disease.Methods: Sixty‐six teeth diagnosed with different levels of chronic periodontitis in 48 patients were observed with a light microscope. Main characteristics of teeth with root resorptions, as well as percentages of area and volume resorbed on each radicular third of the teeth, were determined.Results: Over 80% (53) of the teeth exhibited resorption: 46.67% in group 1 (slight periodontitis); 85% in group 2 (moderate periodontitis); and 93.55% in group 3 (severe periodontitis). In group 1, the average resorption length was 295.65 μm and the average area, 11,212.45 μm2. In group 2 these measures were 519.09 and 25,678.102, respectively. In group 3, the average length was 675.95 μm, and the average area 36,925.06 μm2. Except for the resorbed volume on the apical third, the other resorption percentages were higher in group 3 (severe periodontitis) and smaller in the group 1 (slight periodontitis), but the location of the largest resorption percentages varied among the three groups.Conclusions: The severity of periodontitis plays a major role in the presence and extent of transient external root resorption. In the three groups, most of the teeth showed resorptions on the apical third, but severity of periodontitis determined the location of the largest percentages of area and volume resorbed. J Periodontol 2004;75:1027‐1032.
Mast Cell Subpopulations in Gingival Overgrowth Induced by Immunosuppressive and Nifedipine Medication
Authors: Nurmenniemi Petri K. , Pernu Hilkka E. , Knuuttila Matti L.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: An immunohistochemical study was conducted to compare distributions of mast cell subpopulations in normal human gingiva and in gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine and immunosuppressive medication.Methods: Gingival samples were collected from 12 triplemedicated organ transplant recipients (immunosuppression group), 11 triple‐medicated organ transplant recipients taking nifedipine (immunosuppression plus nifedipine group), 11 nifedipine‐medicated cardiac outpatients (nifedipine group), and 20 generally healthy individuals (control group). Cryostat sections were stained with mAbs for tryptase and chymase, and an avidin‐biotin enzyme complex method was used to detect tryptase‐positive mast cells (MCT), tryptase‐ and chymase‐positive mast cells (MCTC), and chymase‐positive mast cells (MCC). Total numbers of labeled cells were determined in connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium, connective tissue beneath the oral epithelium, and middle connective tissue. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Kruskal‐Wallis test, the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, and Pearson's correlation test.Results: In the three counting zones combined, numbers of MCTC cells and MCC cells were lower (P = 0.001 and P = 0.048, respectively) in the immunosuppression group than in the control group. The difference in numbers of MCTC cells was most marked in the middle connective tissue. Nifedipine medication had no effect on numbers of the mast cell subclasses.Conclusions: Immunosuppressive medication without concomitant nifedipine decreases the numbers of MCTC and MCC in overgrown gingiva. Chymase‐positive mast cells may play a role in formation of gingival overgrowth, especially in patients receiving cyclosporin A (CsA) medication with no concomitant nifedipine. In this respect, nifedipine and CsA are different. J Periodontol 2004;75:933‐938.
Inhibition of Osteogenesis In Vitro by a Cigarette Smoke‐Associated Hydrocarbon Combined With Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide: Reversal by Resveratrol
Authors: Andreou V. , D'Addario M. , Zohar R. , Sukhu B. , Casper R.F. , Ellen R.P. , Tenenbaum H.C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Smoking and infection with Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens are risk factors for alveolar bone loss. The aims of this study were: 1) to examine the combined effects of an aryl hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), that is concentrated in cigarette smoke, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from Porphyromonas gingivalis on osteogenesis in a rat bone marrow cell (RBMC) model of osteogenesis; and 2) to determine whether resveratrol (Res), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, could reverse the putative inhibitory effects of BaP + LPS on osteogenesis.Methods: LPS of P. gingivalis strain 2561 was introduced in various concentrations to the RBMC in 96‐well plates and kept in culture for 8 to 12 days. The same protocol was used for studying BaP and LPS + BaP combinations. Following the incubation periods, parameters of osteogenesis were measured, including formation of mineralized bone nodules, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total cell protein. Transcription of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐1β in the cultures was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results: Bone nodule formation generally decreased significantly with increasing LPS concentrations (P <0.05), whereas total cell protein decreased only slightly (P >0.05). BaP in previously high concentrations alone also caused a significant dose‐dependent decrease in bone nodule formation (P <0.05) but when half maximal doses were used, significant decreases were most often seen when LPS was added. Hence, in combination, the inhibitory effects of LPS + BaP on osteogenesis were additive, inhibiting bone nodule formation up to 9‐fold. Resveratrol partially reversed the inhibitory effects of low concentrations of LPS alone, and completely reversed the inhibition of nodule formation when low concentrations of LPS were combined with BaP. IL‐1β expression generally fluctuated inversely to the inhibitory activity of LPS, LPS + BaP, and LPS + BaP + Res combinations.Conclusions: Smoke‐derived aryl hydrocarbons and bacterial LPS may act additively to inhibit bone formation. The findings may explain, in part, why net periodontal bone loss is greater and bone healing is less successful in smokers than non‐smokers with periodontal infections. Reversal of the inhibitory effects in vitro by resveratrol suggests that this phytoalexin should be studied further for its potential therapeutic value, given its aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism and apparent anti‐inflammatory activity. J Periodontol 2004;75:939‐948.
Periodontal Treatment With an Er:YAG Laser Compared to UltrasonicInstrumentation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sculean Anton , Schwarz Frank , Berakdar Mohammad , Romanos George E. , Arweiler Nicole B. , Becker Jürgen 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser to that of ultrasonic scaling for non‐surgical periodontal treatment.Methods: Twenty patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease were randomly treated in a split‐mouth design with a single episode of subgingival debridement using either an Er:YAG laser device (160 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) combined with a calculus detection system with fluorescence induced by 655 nm InGaAsP diode laser radiation (ERL), or an ultrasonic instrument (UI). Clinical assessments of full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were made at baseline and at 3 and 6 months following therapy.Results: No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups. The mean value of BOP decreased in the ERL group from 40% at baseline to 17% after 6 months (P <0.0001) and in the UI group from 46% at baseline to 15% after 6 months (P <0.0001). The sites treated with ERL demonstrated mean CAL gain of 1.48 ± 0.73 mm (P <0.001) and of 1.11 ± 0.59 mm (P <0.001) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The sites treated with UI demonstrated mean CAL gain of 1.53 ± 0.67 mm (P <0.001) and of 1.11 ± 0.46 mm (P <0.001) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (P >0.05).Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that both therapies led to significant improvements of the investigated clinical parameters. J Periodontol 2004;75:966‐973.
Immediate Implants Supporting Single Crown Restoration: A 4‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Covani Ugo , Crespi Roberto , Cornelini Roberto , Barone Antonio 
Published: February 2005

Background: The placement of implants at the time of tooth extraction has several clinical advantages, such as preservation of the alveolar ridge width and height and reduction of the restorative treatment time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative success rate of dental implants placed in fresh extraction sockets with and without guided bone regeneration (GBR) used to support a single crown restoration. All of the patients were preselected as candidates for implants.Methods: Ninety‐five patients aged 20 to 68 years with 163 implants were included. All patients were partially edentulous and participated in a personally tailored recall schedule. The followup period was 48 months. Patients underwent a clinical and radiographic evaluation annually.Results: The 4‐year cumulative success rate was 97%. Five of the 163 implants failed, two during the initial healing time, which were considered early failures and three a year after prosthetic rehabilitation, which were considered late failures. No failure of prosthetic rehabilitation was observed.Conclusions: Implants placed into fresh extraction sockets with or without regenerative procedures and used to support single crown prosthesis showed a very high cumulative success rate (97%) in a 4‐year prospective study. Several observations should be made: 1) all the patients were preselected as candidates for implants and were following a strict oral hygiene regimen; 2) all efforts were made to reduce the number of cases requiring GBR procedures; 3) all the implants had an acid etched/sandblasted implant surface; and 4) all the prosthetic restorations were single crowns. J Periodontol 2004;75:982‐988.
Comparison of Keratinocyte Proliferation in Diabetic and Non‐Diabetic Inflamed Gingiva
Authors: Açikgoz Gükhan , Devrim İnci , Özdamar Şükrü 
Published: February 2005

Background: Keratinocytes are chiefly cells of the epidermis but also constitute 90% of the gingival cells. The molecular mechanisms of proliferative activity in keratinization whereby diabetes alters periodontal physiology have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of gingival keratinocytes in hyperglycemic subjects by examining their mitotic activities.Methods: We tested 30 patients with periodontitis, of whom 15 were type II diabetics and the remainder systemically healthy. Biopsies were obtained from the bottom of the deepest pocket in each subject by reverse beveled incision. Formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded specimens were then processed for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐diastase histochemistry and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (P10). Immunohistochemical studies were employed to determine the presence of PCNA and were used to detect the proliferating potential of keratinocytes needed in synthesizing DNA. The expression of PCNA was evaluated using an immunoperoxidase technique and PC10 monoclonal antibody to PCNA. Mitotic index was calculated from basal cells. Statistical analysis employed the chi‐square test.Results: No significant difference between the diabetic and nondiabetic patients was found in the mitotic index of the oral‐gingival epithelium.Conclusion: Although the mitotic index in patients with diabetes was slightly lower, keratinization in the gingival tissues for both groups was essentially identical. J Periodontol 2004;75:989‐994.
Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 May Be Involved With Increased Bone Loss Associated With Experimental Periodontitis and Smoking: A Study in Rats
Authors: Neto João Batista César , de Souza Ana Paula , Barbieri Deise , Moreno Heitor , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Nociti Francisco Humberto 
Published: February 2005

Background: Smoking has been associated with periodontitis severity and is considered a risk factor for its development. It has been reported that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) produced by host cells plays a major role in periodontal tissue destruction. Thus, the present study tested, in rats, the hypothesis that local increased levels of MMP‐2 would be associated with the enhanced periodontitis‐related bone loss after intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI).Methods: Twenty‐seven adult male Wistar rats were used. A ligature was placed around one of the mandibular first molars of each animal and they were randomly assigned to the following control (N = 13) or CSI (N = 14) group. Sixty days later, the animals were sacrificed, the gingival tissues harvested, and the specimens processed for decalcified sections. Extracts from the gingival tissues were prepared and assayed for MMP‐2 expression.Results: Intergroup comparisons (unligated sites) showed that CSI might directly affect alveolar bone (0.16 ± 0.03 mm2 versus 0.24 ± 0.09 mm2 for non‐smokers and smokers, respectively; P = 0.001). Moreover, CSI significantly enhanced bone loss resulting from experimental periodontitis (0.64 ± 0.36 mm2 versus 1.50 ± 0.50 mm2 for non‐smokers and smokers, respectively; P <0.05). In addition, zymography demonstrated that CSI also enhanced both MMP‐2 levels and activity in the gingival tissues around ligated teeth.Conclusion: Within the limits of the present investigation, it can be assumed that the effect of CSI on MMP‐2 levels and activity may account for the increased periodontitis progression rate observed in smokers. J Periodontol 2004;75:995‐1000.
Periodontal Diseases and the Risk of Coronary Heart and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Albashaireh Zakereyya S.M. , Alomari Mousa A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between periodontal diseases and coronary heart diseases (CHD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in observational studies.Methods: This study was based on seven cohort studies and four studies of other designs that met prestated inclusion criteria. Information on study design, year of publication, study location, sample size, study population, participant characteristics, measurement of risk factors, exposure and outcome measures, matching, controlling for confounders, and risk estimates was abstracted independently by two investigators using a standard protocol.Results: Subjects with periodontitis had an overall adjusted risk of CHD that was 1.15 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 1.25; P = 0.001) the risk for healthy subjects. There was no heterogeneity among the studies in the overall relative risk estimate (P = 0.472). As compared to healthy subjects, those with periodontitis had an overall adjusted relative risk of CVD of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.27; P = 0.032).Conclusions: Findings indicated that periodontal infection increases the risk of CHD and CVD. However, this meta‐analysis provided no evidence for the existence of strong associations between periodontitis and CHD and CVD. Larger and bettercontrolled studies involving socially homogeneous populations and measuring specific periodontal pathogens are required to identify a definite association between periodontal disease and the risk of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. J Periodontol 2004;75:1046‐1053.
Morphometric Analysis of Implant‐Related Anatomy in Caucasian Skulls
Authors: Neiva Rodrigo F. , Gapski Ricardo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2005

Background: Sequelae related to implant placement/advanced bone grafting procedures are a result of injury to surrounding anatomic structures. Damage may not necessarily lead to implant failure; however, it is the most common cause of legal action against the practitioner. This study aimed to describe morphological aspects and variations of the anatomy directly related to implant treatment.Methods: Morphometric analyses were performed in 22 Caucasian skulls. Measurements of the mental foramen (MF) included height (MF‐H), width (MF‐W), and location in relation to other known anatomical landmarks. Presence or absence of anterior loops (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) was determined, and the mesial extent of the loop was measured. Additional measurements included height (G‐H), width (G‐W), thickness (G‐T), and volume (G‐V) of monocortical onlay grafts harvested from the mandibular symphysis area, and thickness of the lateral wall (T‐LW) of the maxillary sinus. The independent samples t test, and a two‐tailed t test with equal variance were utilized to determine statistical significance to a level of P <0.05. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine if each one of these measurements was affected by age and gender.Results: The most common location of the MF in relation to teeth was found to be below the apices of mandibular premolars. The mean MF‐H was 3.47 ± 0.71 mm and the mean MF‐W was 3.59 ± 0.8 mm. The mean distance from the MF to other anatomical landmarks were: MF‐CEJ = 15.52 ± 2.37 mm, MF to the most apical portion of the lower cortex of the mandible = 12.0 ± 1.67 mm, MF to the midline = 27.61 ± 2.29 mm, and MF‐MF = 55.23 ± 5.34 mm. A high prevalence of AL was found (88%); symmetric occurrence was a common finding (76.2%), with a mean length of 4.13 ± 2.04 mm. The mean size of symphyseal grafts was: G‐H = 9.45 ± 1.08 mm, G‐W = 14.5 ± 3.0 mm, and G‐T = 6.15 ± 1.04 mm, with an average G‐V of 857.55 ± 283.97 mm3 (range: 352 to 1,200 mm3). The mean T‐LW of the maxillary sinus was 0.91 ± 0.43 mm.Conclusion: Implant‐related anatomy must be carefully evaluated before treatment due to considerable variations among individuals, in order to prevent injury to surrounding anatomical structures and possible damage. J Periodontol 2004;75:1061‐1067.
Occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in Periodontally Diseased and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Yang Hui‐Wen , Huang Yu‐Feng , Chou Ming‐Yung 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and level of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) in subgingival plaque samples from both healthy individuals and periodontal patients in different age groups.Methods: A total of 498 subgingival plaque samples were studied. These samples were collected from 407 individuals diagnosed with periodontal disease (210 adult periodontitis [AP], 78 rapidly progressive periodontitis [RPP], and 119 refractory periodontitis [Ref‐P] cases) and 91 healthy (H) subjects. P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis were detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay using species‐specific polyclonal antisera to P. gingivalis strain (FDC 381) and T. forsythensis strain (FDC 335). The prevalence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis was compared by chi‐square analysis. Differences in P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis levels among various periodontal status and age groups was determined by one‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's multiple comparison tests. The association between the presence of P. gingivalis or T. forsythensis in different periodontal status and age groups was measured using odds ratios.Results:P. gingivalis was found in 85.7% (P <0.0001) and T. forsythensis in 60.7% (P = 0.0002) of diseased subjects compared to 23.1% and 39.6%, respectively, in healthy subjects. P. gingivalis, but not T. forsythensis, was detected more frequently in any diseased group than in the H group in every age group (P <0.0001). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis among age groups, except T. forsythensis was more prevalent in the age group of 40 to 59 years than in the age group <20 years (X2 = 3.93, P = 0.047) in the H group. The mean level of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis was significantly higher in diseased groups than in the H group (P <0.0001). The odds ratio for P. gingivalis in the AP group (25.0) was greater than any other group for P. gingivalis or T. forsythensis compared to the H group.Conclusions: These data suggested that P. gingivalis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis and that it may not be a normal inhabitant of periodontally healthy subjects. T. forsythensis is also important in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease; however, whether it causes periodontal disease or is a secondary invader of periodontal lesions remains to be determined. J Periodontol 2004;75: 1077‐1083.