bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of gravitational waves on a hydrogen atom
Authors: Wanwieng N , Chattrapiban N , Watcharangkool A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the influence of gravitational waves on a freely falling hydrogen atom by analyzing the dynamics of the bound electron described by the Dirac equation in the curved spacetime of a gravitational wave. From this, we derive the corresponding Dirac Hamiltonian in the local inertial frame of the atom, assuming gravitational waves are described by the linearized theory of general relativity. To maintain meaningful physical interpretations while obtaining a non-relativistic description, we employ the Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation. Through the analysis of resulting interaction terms and comparison with flat spacetime counterparts, valuable insights into the effects of gravitational waves (GWs) on the hydrogen atom are gained. Additionally, we explore selection rules governing the coupling between GWs and the atom and utilize first-order perturbation theory to quantify the induced energy shifts and spectral line splitting. This investigation contributes to our understanding of the interplay between quantum systems and gravitational waves, which could lead to alternative method of GWs indirect detection. However, measuring such tiny energy shifts would require a telescope with very high spectral resolution.
Phase recovery from phaseless scattering data for discrete Schrödinger operators
Authors: Novikov Roman , Sharma Basant Lal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider scattering for the discrete Schrödinger operator on the square lattice

Z

d

,

d
⩾
1

, with compactly supported potential. We give formulas for finding the phased scattering amplitude from phaseless near-field scattering data.
Simultaneous observation of noble gases and highly charged ions in an electron beam ion trap for accurate wavelength calibration of optical transitions
Authors: Kimura Naoki , Nakamura Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Spectral lines of buffer noble gases injected into an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) have recently been used as a reference to aid accurate determination of the wavelengths of optical transitions of highly charged ions (HCIs). Simultaneous observation of emission lines of HCIs along with those of neutral atoms or singly charged ions represents a reliable method for wavelength calibration that suppresses systematic uncertainties. Here, we present visible and infrared emission spectra of buffer Ne and Ar gases in an EBIT and briefly review the buffer gas calibration method. The experimental conditions required for implementing the calibration method are discussed by investigating the dependence of the emission spectra of mixtures of HCIs and noble gases on electron beam’s parameters and gas pressure.
Measurement of neutron induced reaction cross-section of 99Mo
Authors: Upadhyay Mahima , Choudhary Mahesh , Singh Namrata , Gandhi A , Sharma Aman , Bamal Sumit , Hingu Akash , Mukherjee S , Mishra G , De Sukanya , Danu L S , Sood Saurav , Prasad Sajin , Kumar Ajay , Thomas R G , Kumar A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the present work, we have measured 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo reaction cross-section using a 7Li(p,n)7Be neutron source at 1.67 ± 0.14, 2.06 ± 0.14 and 2.66 ± 0.16 MeV neutron energies. We have employed offline γ-ray spectroscopy to measure the induced activity of the sample. The 115In(n,n’γ)115mIn reaction was used as a monitor reaction. Different attributes propagating the uncertainty in the total result, measured cross-sections with their uncertainties and correlation coefficients are given in detail in the present study. The result is compared with the data libraries, EXFOR database and theoretical model outcome from different level density models.
Elliptic flow of inclusive charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at E
lab = 35 A GeV using the PHSD model
Authors: Bhat Waseem , Farooq Mir M , Bairathi Vipul , Bhat Towseef , Kabana Sonia , Bhat Shabir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Elliptic flow (v
2) of inclusive charged hadrons at mid-rapidity (∣η∣ < 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at E
lab = 35 A GeV using the parton hadron string dynamics (PHSD) model are presented as a function of centrality, transverse momentum (p
T) and pseudo-rapidity (η). The v
2 results are obtained using the η-sub event plane method with respect to the event plane angle (ψ
2) and participant plane angle (

ψ

2

PP

). p
T-integrated charged hadron v
2 shows a strong centrality dependence in Au+Au collisions at E
lab = 35 A GeV. The eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow (v
2/ε
2) also shows centrality dependence. The higher values of v
2/ε
2 in central collisions suggest the development of stronger collectivity. The calculations are compared with the results from Au+Au collisions at

s

NN

=
7.7

GeV

published by the STAR experiment at RHIC. We also compare the results of HSD and PHSD modes to investigate the contribution of hadronic and partonic phases of the medium on the calculated v
2. The current results serve as a prediction of the collective behavior of the matter produced in baryon-rich and moderate temperature conditions for the upcoming multi-purpose detector at the nuclotron-based Ion collider facility (NICA) and compressed baryonic matter experiment at the facility for antiproton and ion research. These predictions are also useful for interpreting data measured at relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) beam energy scan program.
Waste-YOLO: towards high accuracy real-time abnormal waste detection in waste-to-energy power plant for production safety
Authors: Wang He , Wang Lianhong , Chen Hua , Li Xiaoyao , Zhang Xiaogang , Zhou Yicong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to the danger of explosive, oversize and poison-induced abnormal waste and the complex conditions in waste-to-energy power plants (WtEPPs), the manual inspection and existing waste detection algorithms are incapable to meet the requirement of both high accuracy and efficiency. To address the issues, we propose the Waste-YOLO framework by introducing the coordinate attention, convolutional block attention module, content-aware reassembly of features, improved bidirectional feature pyramid network and SCYLLA- intersection over union loss function based on YOLOv5s for high accuracy real-time abnormal waste detection. Through video acquisition, frame-splitting, manual annotation and data augmentation, we develop an abnormal waste image dataset with the four most common types (i.e. gas cans, mattresses, wood and iron sheets) to evaluate the proposed Waste-YOLO. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of Waste-YOLO to several state-of-the-art algorithms in waste detection effectiveness and efficiency to ensure production safety in WtEPPs.
Improving ambiguity resolution with common-antenna-based dual-board receiver for low-cost real-time kinematic positioning
Authors: Jia Chun , Zou Zhaobo , Yang Fuxin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ambiguity resolution is of critical importance to the carrier phase-based real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning method. Improving the accuracy of float ambiguities is beneficial for achieving ambiguity resolution. However, the large measurement noise from low-cost receivers will worsen the estimation accuracy of float ambiguities, which affects the ambiguity resolution performance. In this contribution, to reduce the influence of large measurement noise on ambiguity resolution for low-cost receivers, an improved RTK method for ambiguity resolution is proposed to enhance the accuracy of float ambiguities by equipping the rover receiver with common-antenna-based dual global navigation satellite system (GNSS) boards instead of only one GNSS board. First, the dual-board design can increase the measurement redundancy of the same frequency to suppress the measurement noise. Second, because the common-antenna design can form a moving zero-baseline between the dual GNSS boards, the ambiguities between them can be easily fixed. Known fixed ambiguities can be used as constraints to strengthen the positioning model. Simulation and real-world static and kinematic experiments were conducted to test the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of float ambiguities by increasing the redundancy of the measurements and introducing the constraints of the ambiguities, and the improved accuracy is about 20%. Compared with the traditional single-board RTK method, better ambiguity resolution performance can be achieved by taking advantage of the proposed common-antenna-based RTK method.
Hardware, methodology and applications of 2+D backscatter Mössbauer spectroscopy with simultaneous x-ray and γ-ray detection
Authors: O’Brien Jack , Ahmadian Baghbaderani Hasan , Keller Frederico O , Dempsey Nora , H Lewis Laura , Stamenov Plamen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A unique method is presented for the acquisition and analysis of 57Fe backscatter Mössbauer spectra with simultaneous detection of the resonant 14.4 keV γ-rays and the characteristic 6.4 keV x-rays, using a custom-built multi-parameter analyser constructed on the basis of commercial analogue to digital converters and high-speed digital latches. The system allows for the simultaneous registration of Doppler-modulation velocities and photon energies, with up to 4096 and 8192 digital channels respectively. This arrangement is in contrast to most related systems, which detect at a single narrow energy window per detector. Samples of arbitrary atomic structure, morphology and surface topography can be studied without altering the setup or the analysis procedure, provided that the samples are at least micrometre sized. The hardware and software that are used to acquire data with minimal dead time are described and the custom and self-contained methods for post-measurement energy discrimination, background correction and velocity-axis folding are discussed. The data are fit using a general Hamiltonian model for the nuclear energy levels of 57Fe and a quantum mechanical description of the angular momentum coupling is utilised, with consideration of the crystalline and chemical disorder of the sample under examination. Three examples of distinct magnetic systems, with thicknesses ranging from

5

μ

m to 6 mm, that were studied using this method are presented, these are: an amorphous CoFeB-based ribbon with ultra-soft coercivity for high-frequency applications, magnetically hard Nd-Fe-B thick films on Si substrates, examined in both as-deposited and annealed states, and a sample from the nickel-rich iron meteorite NWA 6259 that contains the atomically ordered, elevated coercivity,

L

1
0

phase of FeNi, tetrataenite. The wide applicability and usefulness of this method is thus demonstrated on three distinct sample morphologies that required little to no surface preparation prior to examination.
3D point cloud global denoising algorithm based on different noise characteristics
Authors: Gou Fuqiang , Li Yonglong , Hou Chunyao , Wang Haoran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When acquiring object point cloud data by three-dimensional scanning technology, noise is generated due to instrument accuracy and external factors. Existing algorithms rarely consider the characteristics of different noises and different regional noises when solving the point cloud denoising problem, this results in a limited effect on denoising. This paper presents an algorithm for denoising based on the characteristics of different types of noise and different regions in the point cloud. The algorithm includes large-scale noise removal and small-scale noise smoothing. Remove large-scale noise points by the relationship between the local point cloud and the global point cloud. For small-scale noise, the feature regions and non-feature regions are extracted according to the normal cosine information entropy. According to the characteristics of the small-scale noise in two regions, the noise distance distribution and the optimized bilateral filtering are used to deal with the small-scale noise in two regions respectively. Comparison experiments show that our algorithm can effectively remove the noise points mixed in the normal point cloud. The accuracy of large-scale noise removal reaches 99.1%. The proposed algorithm can protect the feature areas from being over-smoothed while smoothing the small-scale noise in non-featured areas.
Development of time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy of semiconductor materials and devices using a compressed sensing approach
Authors: Baltušis Aidas , Koutsourakis George , Wood Sebastian , Sweeney Stephen J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Charge carrier lifetime is a key property of semiconductor materials for photonic applications. One of the most established methods for measuring lifetimes is time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), which is typically performed as a single-point measurement. In this paper, we demonstrate a new time-correlated single photon counting method (TCSPC) for TRPL microscopy, for which spatial information can be achieved without requiring point-by-point scanning through the use of a compressed sensing (CS) approach. This enables image acquisition with a single pixel detector for mapping the lifetime of semiconductors with high repeatability. The methodology for signal acquisition and image reconstruction was developed and tested through simulations. Effects of noise levels on the reliability and quality of image reconstruction were investigated. Finally, the method was implemented experimentally to demonstrate a proof-of-concept CS TCSPC imaging system for acquiring TRPL maps of semiconductor materials and devices. TRPL imaging results of a semiconductor device acquired using a CS approach are presented and compared with results of TRPL mapping of the same excitation area measured through a point-by-point method. The feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated, the benefits and challenges of the experimental prototype system are presented and discussed.
Study of sodium diffusion in silicate glasses. Molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Thao N T , Kien P H , Yen N V , Hung P K , Noritake Fumiya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to study diffusion in sodium silicate glasses (NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4) at temperatures of 973, 1173 and 1373 K. The result shows that the structure consists of network region where more than 83% of total Si and O are present, and Na-polyhedron region in which most Na-polyhedrons possess several non-bridging oxygens. The Na-polyhedron region changes slightly with temperature, and significantly with SiO2 concentration. During 150 ps the Si and O atoms vibrate around fixed points, while Na atoms move from one Na-polyhedron to another. The network region is static, while the Na-polyhedron region is seen dynamically. The glasses exhibit the dynamics heterogeneity. The simulation shows that Na atoms reside in a small part of Na-polyhedron region and move frequently through pathways consisting of polyhedrons with high local sodium density. Moreover, they move between polyhedrons often by small displacements and rarely by large jumps. We establish the expression for diffusion constant D
Na via average resident time in polyhedron t
RP and mean square displacement of Na per polyhedron δ. The dependence of D
Na on δ and lnD
Na on t
RP is found to be linear.
Numerical simulation of linear reciprocating wear mechanism of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite using finite element method
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Kumar Binay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work aims to analyze the wear properties of the hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HAMMCs) using finite element analysis (FEA). A dry sliding linear reciprocating wear mechanism is analyzed using ANSYS 19.1. Aluminum 7075 alloy and HAMMC reinforced with ZrB2 (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) and fly ash (2 wt.%) is taken as sample material. A steel ball (EN 52100) is utilized as a counterpart in the dry sliding wear properties study. The deformation of the steel ball during the wear process is assumed to be negligible. Under various circumstances, a 3D point-to-surface connection is built to analyze the dry sliding wear process. The wear depth, contact pressure, and wear volume are analyzed using FEA. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results with the help of ANSYS to analyze the process parameters. The ANOVA analysis is employed for optimization, which exhibits that the load had the most significant impact on the material’s wear rate, followed by the material’s composition and temperature. The wear depth, wear rate, and contact pressure at optimum input parameters for the HAMMCs are 0.47 μm, 11.31 × 10−6 mm3 Nm−1, and 0.33 MPa, respectively. The Simulated results support the experimental results, and the average error is 9.82%.
Editorial: Focus on green nanomaterials for a sustainable internet of things
Authors: Pecunia Vincenzo , Occhipinti Luigi G , Cloutier Sylvain G , Sun Shuhui , Grace Andrews Nirmala , Leong Wei Lin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), where smart devices are reshaping our world, nanomaterials can play a pivotal role in ensuring the IoT’s sustainability. These materials are poised to redefine the development of smart devices, not only enabling cost-effective fabrication but also unlocking novel functionalities. As the IoT is set to encompass an astounding number of interconnected devices, the demand for environmentally friendly nanomaterials takes center stage. This Focus Issue spotlights cutting-edge research that explores the intersection of nanomaterials and sustainability. The collection delves deep into this critical nexus, encompassing a wide range of topics, from fundamental properties to applications in devices (e.g. sensors, optoelectronic synapses, energy harvesters, memory components, energy storage devices, and batteries), aspects concerning circularity and green synthesis, and an array of materials comprising organic semiconductors, perovskites, quantum dots, nanocellulose, graphene, and two-dimensional semiconductors. Authors not only showcase advancements but also delve into the sustainability profile of these materials, fostering a responsible endeavour toward a green IoT future.
Controlled synthesis and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities of cobalt carbides with different phase compositions
Authors: Wang Longfei , Yu Qingguo , Liu Yimin , Fujita Toyohisa , Wei Yuezhou , Wang Xinpeng , Zeng Deqian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cobalt carbides are emerging as promising materials for various magnetic and catalytic applications. However, exploring dedicated cobalt carbides with optimal catalytic properties via adjusting phase compositions remains a significant challenge. Herein, three different cobalt carbides, Co
x
C (Co2C-Co3C), Co2C-Co, and Co3C, were successfully prepared using a facile one-pot green method. The phase compositions of cobalt carbides could be easily controlled by varying the cobalt-based precursors and carbon sources. More remarkably, three different cobalt carbides could serve as reduction cocatalysts decorated CdS for improved hydrogen production under visible light. Intriguingly, the obtained Co3C/CdS nanocomposite displayed the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity among the three composites and superior photocatalytic stability. This work provides a fundamental approach to tuning the photocatalytic properties of cobalt carbides for energy conversion fields.
Experimental validation in a neutron exposure frame of the MINAS TIRITH for cell damage simulation
Authors: Thibaut Y , Gonon G , Martinez J S , Petit M , Babut R , Vaurijoux A , Gruel G , Villagrasa C , Incerti S , Perrot Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the domains of medicine and space exploration, refining risk assessment models for protecting healthy tissue from ionizing radiation is crucial. Understanding radiation-induced effects requires biological experimentations at the cellular population level and the cellular scale modeling using Monte Carlo track structure codes. We present MINAS TIRITH, a tool using Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo-generated databases to study DNA damage distribution at the cell population scale. It introduces a DNA damage location module and proposes a method to convert double-strand breaks (DSB) into DNA Damage Response foci. We evaluate damage location precision and DSB-foci conversion parameters. MINAS TIRITH’s accuracy is validated against γ-H2AX foci distribution from cell population exposed to monoenergetic neutron beams (2.5 or 15.1 MeV) under different configurations, yielding mixed radiation fields. Strong agreement between simulation and experimental results was found demonstrating MINAS TIRITH’s predictive precision in radiation-induced DNA damage topology. Additionally, modeling intercellular damage variability within a population subjected to a specific macroscopic dose identifies subpopulations, enhancing realistic fate models. This approach advances our understanding of radiation-induced effects on cellular systems for risk assessment improvement.
Simulation of performance enhancement of GaN-based VCSELs by composition gradient InGaN last-quantum barrier
Authors: Wang Ya-chao , Yang Tao , Shi Lei , Chen Yan-hui , Mei Yang , Zhang Bao-Ping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Electron leakage in the active region decreases the internal quantum efficiency and impedes the performance of gallium nitride (GaN)-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). In this study, we propose a novel InGaN last-quantum barrier (LQB) structure with gradient indium (In) composition, and the device performance was simulated by the commercial software PICS3D. Compared with the device with conventional GaN LQB, the electron leakage is greatly reduced and the hole injection efficiency is also improved by the graded LQB structure. Consequently, the threshold current is reduced by 44%, and output power is increased by 392% in GaN-based VCSEL based on composition gradient InGaN LQB. The composition gradient InGaN can also allow us to increase the thickness of the LQB in epitaxy without degrading the carrier injection efficiency due to the reduced polarization in the LQB. The results of this study suggest that the composition gradient InGaN LQB is promising for the realization of high-performance GaN-based VCSELs.
Adaptive protocols for SU(1,1) interferometers to achieve ab initio phase estimation at the Heisenberg limit
Authors: Liu Mingchen , Zhang Lijian , Miao Haixing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The precision of phase estimation with interferometers can be greatly enhanced using non-classical quantum states, and the SU(1,1) interferometer is an elegant scheme, which generates two-mode squeezed state internally and also amplifies the signal. It has been shown in Anderson et al (2017 Phys. Rev. A 95 063843) that the photon-number measurement can achieve the Heisenberg limit, but only for estimating a small phase shift. We relax the constraint on the range of phase by considering two adaptive protocols: one also uses the photon-number measurement with a specially tuned sequence of feedback phase; the other implements the yet-to-be-realized optimal measurement but without fine tuning.