bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects of rearing selected southern African swarming insects for animal feed: a review on insect farming and the economic value of edible insects
Authors: Kolobe Sekobane Daniel , Manyelo Tlou Grace , Sebola Nthabiseng Amenda , Malematja Emmanuel , Monnye Mabelebele 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe potential of insects as animal feed is currently under doubtful spotlight due to the limited number of reared insect species and fewer farm or biotechnological companies producing insects on a large scale for animal feed worldwide. Again, the costs of incorporating reared insects in animal diets as an alternative replacement for expensive conventional protein sources (CPS), mainly fishmeal and soybean meal, remain uncertain due to gradual increase in the sales prices of farmed insects. To date, black soldier fly, yellow mealworm and cricket are the only insect species dominating in the insect farming industry at limited supply. This triggers the need to expand insect farming through the introduction of additional insect species while monitoring the costs of insect-based diets. The commercial rearing of swarming edible insects with a good nutritional profile, such as termites alates (Macrotermes spp.), migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria) and mopane worms (Imbresia belina) found in Southern Africa could potentially become an alternative solution to expand insect farming in addition to the commonly reared insect species. However, there is limited information available on the reproductive ability and economic value of swarming insects as animal feed. Therefore, this paper will provide an overview of the possible rearing of selected swarming insects as well as the profitability of using insect-based diets. It will also give clarity on whether the mass production of edible insects will be cost-effective or not by discussing and comparing recent sales prices of various edible insect as compared to that of CPS in animal diets.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Behavior of RC Members under Combined Loads
Authors: Kim Sangwoo , Jeong Yeongseok , Kwon Minho , Kim Jinsup 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present an investigation of the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under combined bending loads and various axial forces using a finite element method (FEM) model developed with the ABAQUS finite element program, verified with actual experimental values. In the experimental study, we applied combined bending loads and various axial forces to four RC members. Two RC members were subjected to vertical cyclic loads using displacement control with 0% axial force, while the other two were tested with vertical cyclic loads, one with 10% axial force, and the other with 20% axial force. The axial force load was applied using a specially designed setup. The experimental results of the RC members include observations of final failure mode, ductility, and axial load–bending moment interaction curves (P–M correlation curves). The experimental study confirmed that as the axial force increased, cracks in the RC columns concentrated at the center of the column. The yield strength increased by 55% when the axial force ratio was 10%, and 106% when the axial force ratio was 20%. The maximum strength increased by 28% with a 10% axial force ratio, and 50% with a 20% axial force ratio. However, ductility tended to decrease as the axial force increased, reducing by 26% with a 10% axial force ratio and 60% with a 20% axial force ratio. The analytical study produced results consistent with the experimental research, showing similar numerical trends. Finally, when comparing theoretical values, experimental results, and analytical results using P–M correlation curves, we found that the experimental value has a safety rate of 18% compared to the theoretical value. The experimental and theoretical result values were similar. Therefore, it has been demonstrated experimentally and analytically that the current design has a safety value of about 18% for the performance of the actual structure.
Sperm function, mitochondrial activity and in vivo fertility are associated to their mitochondrial DNA content in pigs
Authors: Llavanera Marc , Mateo-Otero Yentel , Viñolas-Vergés Estel , Bonet Sergi , Yeste Marc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite their low abundance in sperm, mitochondria have diverse functions in this cell type, including energy production, signalling and calcium regulation. In humans, sperm mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) has been reported to be negatively linked to sperm function and fertility. Yet, the association between mtDNAc and sperm function in livestock remains unexplored. For this reason, this study aimed to shed some light on the link between mtDNAc and sperm function and fertilising potential in pigs. A qPCR method for mtDNAc quantification was optimised for pig sperm, and the association of this parameter with sperm motility, kinematics, mitochondrial activity, and fertility was subsequently interrogated.

Results
First, the qPCR method was found to be sensitive and efficient for mtDNAc quantification in pig sperm. By using this technique, mtDNAc was observed to be associated to sperm motility, mitochondrial activity and in vivo, but not in vitro, fertility outcomes. Specifically, sperm with low mtDNAc were seen to exhibit greater motility but decreased mitochondrial activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, samples with lower mtDNAc showed higher conception and farrowing rates, but similar in vitro fertilisation rates and embryo development, when compared to those with greater mtDNAc.

Conclusions
These findings enrich our comprehension of the association of mtDNAc with sperm biology, and lay the foundation for future research into employing this parameter as a molecular predictor for sperm function and fertility in livestock.
Solanidine is a sensitive and specific dietary biomarker for CYP2D6 activity
Authors: Kiiski Johanna I. , Neuvonen Mikko , Kurkela Mika , Hirvensalo Päivi , Hämäläinen Kreetta , Tarkiainen E. Katriina , Sistonen Johanna , Korhonen Mari , Khan Sofia , Orpana Arto , Filppula Anne M. , Lehtonen Marko , Niemi Mikko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Individual assessment of CYP enzyme activities can be challenging. Recently, the potato alkaloid solanidine was suggested as a biomarker for CYP2D6 activity. Here, we aimed to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of solanidine as a CYP2D6 biomarker among Finnish volunteers with known CYP2D6 genotypes.

Results
Using non-targeted metabolomics analysis, we identified 9152 metabolite features in the fasting plasma samples of 356 healthy volunteers. Machine learning models suggested strong association between CYP2D6 genotype-based phenotype classes with a metabolite feature identified as solanidine. Plasma solanidine concentration was 1887% higher in genetically poor CYP2D6 metabolizers (gPM) (n = 9; 95% confidence interval 755%, 4515%; P = 1.88 × 10–11), 74% higher in intermediate CYP2D6 metabolizers (gIM) (n = 89; 27%, 138%; P = 6.40 × 10–4), and 35% lower in ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers (gUM) (n = 20; 64%, − 17%; P = 0.151) than in genetically normal CYP2D6 metabolizers (gNM; n = 196). The solanidine metabolites m/z 444 and 430 to solanidine concentration ratios showed even stronger associations with CYP2D6 phenotypes. Furthermore, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic and precision–recall curves for these metabolic ratios showed equal or better performances for identifying the gPM, gIM, and gUM phenotype groups than the other metabolites, their ratios to solanidine, or solanidine alone. In vitro studies with human recombinant CYP enzymes showed that solanidine was metabolized mainly by CYP2D6, with a minor contribution from CYP3A4/5. In human liver microsomes, the CYP2D6 inhibitor paroxetine nearly completely (95%) inhibited the metabolism of solanidine. In a genome-wide association study, several variants near the CYP2D6 gene associated with plasma solanidine metabolite ratios.

Conclusions
These results are in line with earlier studies and further indicate that solanidine and its metabolites are sensitive and specific biomarkers for measuring CYP2D6 activity. Since potato consumption is common worldwide, this biomarker could be useful for evaluating CYP2D6-mediated drug–drug interactions and to improve prediction of CYP2D6 activity in addition to genotyping.
Wastewater-based epidemiology applied at the building-level reveals distinct virome profiles based on the age of the contributing individuals
Authors: Mejías-Molina Cristina , Pico-Tomàs Anna , Martínez-Puchol Sandra , Itarte Marta , Torrell Helena , Canela Núria , Borrego Carles M. , Corominas Lluís , Rusiñol Marta , Bofill-Mas Sílvia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Human viruses released into the environment can be detected and characterized in wastewater. The study of wastewater virome offers a consolidated perspective on the circulation of viruses within a population. Because the occurrence and severity of viral infections can vary across a person’s lifetime, studying the virome in wastewater samples contributed by various demographic segments can provide valuable insights into the prevalence of viral infections within these segments. In our study, targeted enrichment sequencing was employed to characterize the human virome in wastewater at a building-level scale. This was accomplished through passive sampling of wastewater in schools, university settings, and nursing homes in two cities in Catalonia. Additionally, sewage from a large urban wastewater treatment plant was analysed to serve as a reference for examining the collective excreted human virome.

Results
The virome obtained from influent wastewater treatment plant samples showcased the combined viral presence from individuals of varying ages, with astroviruses and human bocaviruses being the most prevalent, followed by human adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses. Significant variations in the viral profiles were observed among the different types of buildings studied. Mamastrovirus 1 was predominant in school samples, salivirus and human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the university settings while nursing homes showed a more balanced distribution of viral families presenting papillomavirus and picornaviruses and, interestingly, some viruses linked to immunosuppression.

Conclusions
This study shows the utility of building-level wastewater-based epidemiology as an effective tool for monitoring the presence of viruses circulating within specific age groups. It provides valuable insights for public health monitoring and epidemiological studies.
Land use drives differential resource selection by African elephants in the Greater Mara Ecosystem, Kenya
Authors: Wall Jake , Hahn Nathan , Carroll Sarah , Mwiu Stephen , Goss Marc , Sairowua Wilson , Tiedeman Kate , Kiambi Sospeter , Omondi Patrick , Douglas-Hamilton Iain , Wittemyer George 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding drivers of space use by African elephants is critical to their conservation and management, particularly given their large home-ranges, extensive resource requirements, ecological role as ecosystem engineers, involvement in human-elephant conflict and as a target species for ivory poaching. In this study we investigated resource selection by elephants inhabiting the Greater Mara Ecosystem in Southwestern Kenya in relation to three distinct but spatially contiguous management zones: (i) the government protected Maasai Mara National Reserve (ii) community-owned wildlife conservancies, and (iii) elephant range outside any formal wildlife protected area. We combined GPS tracking data from 49 elephants with spatial covariate information to compare elephant selection across these management zones using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, providing insight regarding how human activities structure elephant spatial behavior. We also contrasted differences in selection by zone across several data strata: sex, season and time-of-day. Our results showed that the strongest selection by elephants was for closed-canopy forest and the strongest avoidance was for open-cover, but that selection behavior varied significantly by management zone and selection for cover was accentuated in human-dominated areas. When contrasting selection parameters according to strata, variability in selection parameter values reduced along a protection gradient whereby elephants tended to behave more similarly (limited plasticity) in the human dominated, unprotected zone and more variably (greater plasticity) in the protected reserve. However, avoidance of slope was consistent across all zones. Differences in selection behavior was greatest between sexes, followed by time-of-day, then management zone and finally season (where seasonal selection showed the least differentiation of the contrasts assessed). By contrasting selection coefficients across strata, our analysis quantifies behavioural switching related to human presence and impact displayed by a cognitively advanced megaherbivore. Our study broadens the knowledge base about the movement ecology of African elephants and builds our capacity for both management and conservation.
A novel approach for detecting deep fake videos using graph neural network
Authors: El-Gayar M. M. , Abouhawwash Mohamed , Askar S. S. , Sweidan Sara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeep fake technology has emerged as a double-edged sword in the digital world. While it holds potential for legitimate uses, it can also be exploited to manipulate video content, causing severe social and security concerns. The research gap lies in the fact that traditional deep fake detection methods, such as visual quality analysis or inconsistency detection, need help to keep up with the rapidly advancing technology used to create deep fakes. That means there's a need for more sophisticated detection techniques. This paper introduces an enhanced approach for detecting deep fake videos using graph neural network (GNN). The proposed method splits the detection process into two phases: a mini-batch graph convolution network stream four-block CNN stream comprising Convolution, Batch Normalization, and Activation function. The final step is a flattening operation, which is essential for connecting the convolutional layers to the dense layer. The fusion of these two phases is performed using three different fusion networks: FuNet-A (additive fusion), FuNet-M (element-wise multiplicative fusion), and FuNet-C (concatenation fusion). The paper further evaluates the proposed model on different datasets, where it achieved an impressive training and validation accuracy of 99.3% after 30 epochs.
Return migration and embedding: through the lens of Brexit as an unsettling event
Authors: Grabowska Izabela , Ryan Louise 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis introductory paper, reflecting the Thematic Cluster of four papers, brings together two themes that are important for migration studies: return migration and embedding. Beyond any simplistic assumptions of settlement and permanent integration back into the origin country, following return, or notions of ongoing unfettered mobility back and forth over time, this article knits together data from the cluster papers, focusing on Lithuania and Poland, to explore factors that lead to return, or indeed non-return, and subsequent experiences in the ‘home’ country for those who do return. Moreover, using mixed methods, including longitudinal research, we advance a theoretical framework facilitating an examination of how returnees negotiate their lives in the origin society and whether they intend to stay, or migrate again, through the conceptual lens of embedding. While emphasising agency and effort, embedding also recognises structural constraints that may impede migrants’ expectations and aspirations. Hence, return migration may involve parallel processes of re-embedding but also experiences of dis-embedding as the hoped for return project encounters unexpected obstacles and may result in further migration. In mapping the field of return migration, through the concept of embedding, we focus on the impact of Brexit as ‘an unsettling event’.
The association between body mass index and abdominal obesity with hypertension among South Asian population: findings from nationally representative surveys
Authors: Gupta Rajat Das , Parray Ateeb Ahmad , Kothadia Rohan Jay , Pulock Orindom Shing , Pinky Susmita Dey , Haider Shams Shabab , Akonde Maxwell , Haider Mohammad Rifat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity with hypertension among the South Asian adults (18–69 years).

Methods
This study utilized the nationally representative WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance data (n = 24,413) from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher, and/or taking antihypertensive medications. A waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women was considered as abdominal obesity. BMI was categorized according to Asia-specific cutoff and overweight was defined as BMI of 23.0–27.5 kg/m2 and obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between BMI and abdominal obesity with hypertension. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported.

Results
Abdominal obesity increased the odds of hypertension 31%-105% compared to those who did not have abdominal obesity (OR: Afghanistan: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.27–3.31; Bangladesh: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.18–2.04; Bhutan: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03–1.66; Nepal: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.31–2.18; Sri Lanka:1.55; 95% CI: 1.23–1.95). The odds increased among participants with both overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. In all five countries under study, participants with both overweight and abdominal obesity (OR: Afghanistan: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.75–4.34; Bangladesh: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.90–3.37; Bhutan: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.64–3.00; Nepal: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.54–2.81; Sri Lanka: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.77–2.98), as well as those with obesity and abdominal obesity (OR: Afghanistan: 6.94; 95% CI: 4.68–10.30; Bangladesh: 2.95; 95% CI: 2.19–3.97; Bhutan: 3.02; 95% CI: 2.23–4.09; Nepal: 4.40; 95% CI: 3.05–6.34; Sri Lanka: 3.96; 95% CI: 2.94–5.32), exhibited higher odds of having hypertension as compared to participants with a normal BMI and no abdominal obesity.

Conclusion
Having both abdominal obesity and overweight/obesity increased the odds of hypertension among South Asian adults. Preventing overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity is necessary for preventing the burden of hypertension in South Asia.

Graphical Abstract
The mediating effect of sleep disturbance on the association between hypertension and depression: a national data analysis
Authors: Latief Kamaluddin , Akyirem Samuel , Sithichoksakulchai Siriluk , Nurrika Dieta , Sujarwadi Mokh. , Hasan Faizul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbance is a common among people with hypertension. However, the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the association between hypertension and depression remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the association between hypertension and depression.

Materials and methods
This was cross-sectional study. The data were derived from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Fifth Wave (2014–2015). We include a total of 19,138 adults’ participants with age range from 18 to 65 years old who completed response on the variable of hypertension, sleep disturbance, and depression. The mediating model analysis was processed using the PROCESS macro ins SPSS from Hayes model.

Results
Depression was reported by 22% of total respondents. The group with hypertension showed a substantially higher prevalence of depression than non-hypertension group (P < 0.001). Hypertension had a significant overall effect on depression (β = 0.682; 95%CI 0.489 to 0.875, P < 0.001). The direct effect of hypertension on depression was significant (β = 0.418; 95%CI 0.244 to 0.592, P < 0.001) and the indirect effect that mediated by sleep disturbance was also significant (β = 0.264, 95%CI 0.174 to 0.356, P < 0.001). It is worth noting that sleep disturbance partially mediated the association between hypertension and depression.

Conclusion
The findings of this study indicated that sleep disturbance contributed to the etiology of depression and hypertension in adult populations. Nurses should be involved in managing sleep disturbances, such as using behavioral therapy, as it may serve as both a treatment and primary prevention measure for depression and hypertension.

Graphical Abstract
In vitro bioactivities and gastrointestinal simulation validate ethnomedicinal efficacy of five fermented kodo-based Himalayan traditional drinks and bioaccessibility of bioactive components
Authors: Majumder Soumya , Ghosh Arindam , Saha Sumedha , Acharyya Sukanya , Chakraborty Sourav , Subba Preeti , Nandi Sudeshna , Sarkar Sahadeb , Bhattacharya Malay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTongba, chhyang, nigar and raksi are popular traditional drinks served in Nepal, northern and north eastern part of India and Tibetan plateau which are claimed as medicinal and considered as elements of high altitude ethnopharmacology. In this research, kodo (finger millet) based traditional beverages such as tongba, chhyang, nigar and raksi samples, collected from Singalila ridge of the Himalayas, were analysed through various qualitative and quantitative biochemical parameters. Total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent) was estimated in a varied range from 936.26 ± 6.87 µg/mL (nigar) to 96.36 ± 1.22 µg/mL (chimphing raksi) while highest free fatty acid was measured in khokim raksi (2.11%). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays (DPPH assay, iodometric assay and in vitro anti-lipid peroxidation assay); antibacterial assay was conducted using well diffusion method. Tongba was found to be the most potential sample in antioxidant assays with a DPPH scavenging value of 85.31 ± 1.54% while nigar was the sample with most promising antibacterial activity. Furthermore, special emphasis was given on GC-MS based metabolite profiling and metabolomic elucidation. Responsible candidates detected by GC-MS analysis were discussed to correlate results of preliminary biochemical screenings and in vitro bioactivities. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was carried out to figure out bioaccessibility of the bioactive groups of compounds in simulated human GI tract where DPPH assay, total phenol content and lipid composition (acid value) were considered as parameters. Most of the bioavailable bioactive antioxidants and phenolics were estimated to be decreased in the gastric phase reflecting the highest rate of digestion in the stomach while breakdown of lipid composition was dominated by the intestinal phase. Overall results suggest that antioxidative phenolics and fatty acids from these beverages possess bioactivities in their bioavailable form which may be associated to their ethnomedicinal properties.

Graphical Abstract