bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2‐Acetyl‐4‐hydroxynaphtho[2,3‐b]pyran‐5,10‐dione and the 4‐Deoxy Analogue as Models for Comparative Biological Evaluations.
Authors: Ameer Farouk , Giles Robin G. F. , Green Ivan R. , Hugo Victor I. , Patel Samir , Pearce Rene 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoadducts of Metallic Compounds with Nucleic Acids — Role Played by the Photoelectron Transfer Process and by the TAP and HAT Ligands in the RuII Complexes
Authors: Blasius Romain , Moucheron Cecile , Kirsch‐De Mesmaeker Andree 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N‐EPIC cohort
Authors: Fournier Agnès , Berrino Franco , Riboli Elio , Avenel Valérie , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMost epidemiological studies have shown an increase in breast cancer risk related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. A recent large cohort study showed effects of similar magnitude for different types of progestogens and for different routes of administration of estrogens evaluated. Further investigation of these issues is of importance. We assessed the risk of breast cancer associated with HRT use in 54,548 postmenopausal women who had never taken any HRT 1 year before entering the E3N‐EPIC cohort study (mean age at inclusion: 52.8 years); 948 primary invasive breast cancers were diagnosed during follow‐up (mean duration: 5.8 years). Data were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. In this cohort where the mean duration of HRT use was 2.8 years, an increased risk in HRT users compared to nonusers was found (relative risk (RR) 1.2 [95% confidence interval 1.1–1.4]). The RR was 1.1 [0.8–1.6] for estrogens used alone and 1.3 [1.1–1.5] when used in combination with oral progestogens. The risk was significantly greater (p <0.001) with HRT containing synthetic progestins than with HRT containing micronized progesterone, the RRs being 1.4 [1.2–1.7] and 0.9 [0.7–1.2], respectively. When combined with synthetic progestins, both oral and transdermal/percutaneous estrogens use were associated with a significantly increased risk; for transdermal/percutaneous estrogens, this was the case even when exposure was less than 2 years. Our results suggest that, when combined with synthetic progestins, even short‐term use of estrogens may increase breast cancer risk. Micronized progesterone may be preferred to synthetic progestins in short‐term HRT. This finding needs further investigation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parental occupational exposures and Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Moore Lee E. , Gold Laura , Stewart Patricia A. , Gridley Gloria , Prince Jacqueline R. , Zahm Shelia Hoar 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA case‐control study of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) was conducted to search for occupational exposures associated with ES. The study consisted of 196 cases and 196 random‐digit controls matched on geographical region, gender, ethnic origin and birth date. A questionnaire was administered to mothers of participants to obtain information on medical conditions, medications, and parental occupations during and after the index pregnancy. An occupational exposure expert coded jobs and industries for possible and probable exposure to selected occupational hazards. Risk of ES was increased with probable parental exposure to wood dusts during their usual occupation post pregnancy (odds ration [OR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–9.2). Other exposures, including a priori suspected risk factors such as exposure to pesticides and farm animals, were not significantly associated with ES. A history of household pesticide extermination was associated with ES among boys aged 15 or younger (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.1–8.1), but not among girls or older boys. Our results suggest that earlier reports of associations of ES with parental farm employment may have been describing risks associated with organic dusts encountered when working on a farm, rather than agricultural exposures or other farming related exposures. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple mechanisms downregulate CDKN1C in human bladder cancer
Authors: Hoffmann Michèle J. , Florl Andrea R. , Seifert Hans‐Helge , Schulz Wolfgang A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExpression of the imprinted CDKN1C gene at chromosome 11p15.5 encoding the cell cycle inhibitor p57KIP2 is disturbed in Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome and in several human cancers by different mechanisms. Many advanced urothelial cancers (TCC) display downregulation of CDKN1C expression. The responsible mechanisms were investigated in TCC cell lines, with cultured normal urothelial cells (UEC) as controls. CDKN1C mRNA expression was diminished in 12/15 TCC lines and p57KIP2 protein was decreased accordingly. Because CDKN1C is expressed from the maternal allele only, LOH at 11p15.5 represents one mechanism of downregulation. In 3 cell lines, several polymorphic markers flanking CDKN1C were homozygous compatible with this mechanism. Hypermethylation of the CDKN1C promoter, a reported cause of downregulation in other cancers, was detected by bisulfite sequencing in several cell lines and appeared associated with downregulation in at least one cell line. The methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′deoxycytidine induced CDKN1C expression in this cell line and others. A third reported mechanism involves a switch of both alleles toward a paternal imprinting pattern, indicated by hypomethylation of a differentially methylated region (DMR) in the imprinting center (IC2). This hypomethylation was detected in most TCC lines, and was associated with re‐expression of the non‐coding LIT1 RNA and with downregulation of CDKN1C in several. Thus, CDKN1C downregulation in TCC seems to occur by several different mechanisms. This finding and the ability of p57KIP2 to induce senescence in urothelial cells make CDKN1C a good candidate for a tumor suppressor at 11p in TCC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer by tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor SU6668 (TSU‐68)
Authors: Machida Shizuo , Saga Yasushi , Takei Yuji , Mizuno Izumi , Takayama Takeshi , Kohno Takahiro , Konno Ryo , Ohwada Michitaka , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSU6668 (TSU‐68) is a small‐molecule synthetic inhibitor of the angiogenic related receptor tyrosine kinases Flk‐1/KDR, PDGFRβ, and FGFR1. Using a mouse model of peritoneally disseminated ovarian cancer, we investigated whether SU6668 inhibits peritoneal dissemination and prolongs survival time. BALB/c nude mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) inoculated with SHIN‐3 (VEGF‐hypersecretory) or KOC‐2S (PDGF‐hypersecretory) ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cells with marked peritoneal dissemination ability. From the day after i.p. inoculation of tumor cells, SU6668 was orally administered 6 times weekly at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. The SU6668‐administered group and the vehicle‐administered control group were compared for the number of tumor vascular endothelial cells, weight of peritoneally disseminated tumors, amount of ascitic fluid and survival time. As a result, these 3 parameters were significantly smaller in the SHIN‐3‐inoculated, SU6668‐administered mice than in the control group (p = 0.03, p = 0.002, and p = 0.02, respectively). The mean survival time was significantly longer, at 58.1 ± 11.2 days, in the SU6668‐administered mice than that (34.5 ± 8.8 days) in the control group (p = 0.002). Similarly, in the KOC‐2S‐inoculated mice, the oral administration of SU6668 significantly reduced these 3 parameters (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, and p = 0.03, respectively), and significantly prolonged survival (16.6 ± 1.7 days vs. 11.0 ± 0.7 days, p = 0.008). Thus, the oral administration of SU6668 inhibited angiogenesis and peritoneal dissemination and prolonged survival in mice with peritoneally disseminated ovarian cancer. These effects were observed with both the VEGF‐ and PDGF‐hypersecretory cell lines. Our results suggest that molecular targeting with oral SU6668 will become a new therapeutic strategy targeting peritoneally disseminated ovarian cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of didanosine in human serum by on‐line solid‐phase extraction coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric detection: application to a bioequivalence study
Authors: Estrela Rita de Cassia E. , Salvadori Myriam C. , Raices Renata S. L. , Suarez‐Kurtz Guilherme 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA method based on solid‐phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography with positive ion electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometric detection was developed for the determination of didanosine in human serum, using lamivudine as internal standard. The acquisition was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode, monitoring the transitions m/z 237 → 136.7 for didanosine and m/z 230 → 111.7 for lamivudine. The method was linear over the range studied (10–1500 ng ml−1), with r2 > 0.98, and the run time was 5 min. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precisions were ≤10% and the intra‐ and inter‐assay accuracies were >95%. The absolute recoveries were 99.8% (10 ng ml−1), 98.4% (30 ng ml−1), 91.5% (700 ng ml−1) and 94.7% (1200 ng ml−1). The limits of detection and quantitation were 5 and 10 ng ml−1, respectively. The method was applied to a bioequivalence study, in which 24 healthy adult volunteers (12 men) received single oral doses (200 mg) of reference and test didanosine formulations (buffered powder for oral solutions), in an open, two‐way, randomized, crossover protocol. The 90% confidence interval of the individual ratios (test formulation/reference formulation) for Cmax (peak serum concentration) and AUC0–inf (area under the serum concentration versus time curve from time zero to infinity) were within the range 80–125%, which supports the conclusion that the two formulations are bioequivalent regarding the rate and extent of didanosine absorption. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymorphism and Thermal Behaviour of Syndiotactic Poly(propylene)/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Sarno Maria , Gorrasi Giuliana , Sannino Diana , Sorrentino Andrea , Ciambelli Paolo , Vittoria Vittoria 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: Nanocomposite materials were obtained by blending multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (CN), obtained by acetylene catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on Co/Fe‐modified NaY zeolite, with syndiotactic poly(propylene) (sPP). The nanotubes, well dispersed in the polymer matrix, favour the crystallization of the sPP helical chains and significantly improve the sPP thermal stability either in nitrogen or in air. The morphology of the sPP affects the behaviour of the sPP degradation in air.Thermogravimetric analysis in air of pure sPP and the nanocomposite material.imageThermogravimetric analysis in air of pure sPP and the nanocomposite material.
On solving large strain hyperelastic problems with the natural element method
Authors: Calvo B. , Martinez M. A. , Doblaré M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, an extension of the natural element method (NEM) is presented to solve finite deformation problems. Since NEM is a meshless method, its implementation does not require an explicit connectivity definition. Consequently, it is quite adequate to simulate large strain problems with important mesh distortions, reducing the need for remeshing and projection of results (extremely important in three‐dimensional problems). NEM has important advantages over other meshless methods, such as the interpolant character of its shape functions and the ability of exactly reproducing essential boundary conditions along convex boundaries. The α‐NEM extension generalizes this behaviour to non‐convex boundaries. A total Lagrangian formulation has been employed to solve different problems with large strains, considering hyperelastic behaviour. Several examples are presented in two and three dimensions, comparing the results with the ones of the finite element method. NEM performs better showing its important capabilities in this kind of applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tunable Whispering Gallery Mode Emission from Quantum‐Dot‐Doped Microspheres
Authors: Gómez Daniel E. , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Mulvaney Paul 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of quantum‐dot (QD) doped silica microspheres and a method by which it is possible to fine‐tune the position of the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) produced by the fluorescence emission of CdSe@ZnS doped silica microspheres (5.06 μm in diameter). The method is based on small perturbations to the sphere's refractive index caused by adsorption of thin layers of polyelectrolytes and modification of the radial position of the nanocrystals within the microsphere by means of deposited silica shells.
Using software trails to reconstruct the evolution of software
Authors: German Daniel M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a method to recover the evolution of a software system using its software trails: information left behind by the contributors to the development process of the product, such as mailing lists, Web sites, version control logs, software releases, documentation, and the source code. This paper demonstrates the use of this method by recovering the evolution of Ximian Evolution, a mail client for Unix. By extracting useful facts stored in these software trails and correlating them, it was possible to provide a detailed view of the history of this project. This view provides interesting insight into how an open source software project evolves and some of the practices used by its software developers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in Russian poverty during transition as assessed from microdata from the city of Taganrog*
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Nivorozhkina Ludmila 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe literature lacks solid assessments of poverty in Russia under transition compared to the poverty conditions at the onset of transition. This motivates us to analyse survey data from the city of Taganrog collected in similar manners for 1989 and 2000. Under all assumptions applied, we find that the extent of poverty has increased. The results also show that a large proportion of households with members in work‐active ages have fallen into poverty. While poverty in 1989 was heavily concentrated among the elderly, Russian poverty in 2000 is to a large extent a problem for people of work‐active ages and their children. Russian poverty has changed from being predictable and perhaps stable to the opposite.
The effect of exchange rate changes on trade balances in the short and long run
Authors: Hacker R. Scott , Hatemi‐J Abdulnasser 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing generalized impulse response functions, this study tests for the trade J‐curve for three transitional central European countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland – in their bilateral trade with respect to Germany. Our findings suggest that for each country there are some characteristics associated with a J‐curve effect: after a (real or nominal) depreciation the export‐to‐import ratio briefly drops to below its initial value within a few months and then rises to a long run equilibrium value higher than the initial one.
Cardiovascular response to acute normovolaemic haemodilution in patients with severe aortic stenosis: assessment with transoesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Licker M. , Ellenberger C. , Murith N. , Tassaux D. , Sierra J. , Diaper J. , Morel D. R. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryUsing multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), we investigated the haemodynamic response to acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) in anaesthetised patients with critical aortic stenosis. Twenty‐eight patients were randomly assigned to ANH or control groups. In the control group, haemodynamic data remained unchanged over a 20‐min period. In the ANH group, haemoglobin levels decreased from a mean (SD) of 134 (7) to 91 (9) g.l−1 (p < 0.001) whereas stroke volume, central venous pressure and left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic area all increased significantly (mean (SD) +15 (6) ml; +2.0 (1.1) mmHg; +2.1 (0.8) cm2, respectively). During ANH, the accelerated blood flow through the stenotic valve caused an increased loss (SD) in LV stroke work: from 24 (8)% to 30 (10)%), (p < 0.01). Hence, lowering viscosity with ANH resulted in improved venous return, higher cardiac preload and increased stroke volume. However, this adaptive haemodynamic response was limited by less efficient LV stroke work due to dissipation of fluid kinetic energy.
Cardiovascular effects of xenon and nitrous oxide in patients during fentanyl‐midazolam anaesthesia*
Authors: Goto T. , Hanne P. , Ishiguro Y. , Ichinose F. , Niimi Y. , Morita S. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryXenon anaesthesia appears to have minimal haemodynamic effects. The purpose of this randomised prospective study was to compare the cardiovascular effects of xenon and nitrous oxide in patients with known ischaemic heart disease. In 20 patients who were due to undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 30 min following induction of anaesthesia with fentanyl 30 µg.kg−1 and midazolam 0.1 mg.kg−1 but prior to the start of surgery, xenon or nitrous oxide 60% was administered for 15 min. The results showed that xenon caused a minimal decrease in the mean arterial pressure (from 81 (7) to 75 (8) mmHg, mean (SD)), but did not affect the systolic function of the left ventricle, as demonstrated by unchanged left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) and the fractional area change of the left ventricle (FAC) derived from transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE). However, in contrast, nitrous oxide was found to decrease the mean arterial pressure (from 81 (8) to 69 (7) mmHg), the LVSWI, and the FAC. The cardiac index, central venous and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances, and the TOE‐derived E/A ratio through the mitral valve were unchanged by xenon or nitrous oxide. We conclude that xenon provides improved haemodynamic stability compared with nitrous oxide, conserving the left ventricular systolic function.
Ease of insertion of the laryngeal tube during manual‐in‐line neck stabilisation
Authors: Asai T. , Marfin A. G. , Thompson J. , Popat M. , Shingu K. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe laryngeal tube has a potential role in airway management during anaesthesia or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In patients with unstable necks, the head and neck may need to be stabilised manually (manual in‐line stabilisation), but it is not known whether this procedure affects the ease of insertion of the laryngeal tube. We studied, in a cross‐over study, 21 adult patients to compare the success rate of ventilation through the laryngeal tube between the Magill position (a pillow under the occiput and the head extended) or the manual in‐line position of the head and neck (without a pillow under the occiput). After induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, the laryngeal tube was inserted in turn in the two positions. The ease of insertion was scored with four categories (easy, moderately difficult, difficult and impossible), and adequacy of ventilation through the device was assessed. Ventilation was adequate in all 21 patients in the Magill position, but only in two of 21 patients during manual in‐line positionin (p < 0.01; 95%CI for difference: 68–94%). In the Magill position, insertion of the laryngeal tube was easy in 16 patients and moderately difficult in the remaining five patients; in the manual in‐line stabilisation position, insertion was moderately difficult in two patients and impossible in the remaining 19 patients. Stabilisation of the patient's head and neck by the manual in‐line method made insertion of the laryngeal tube either difficult or impossible.
Anaesthetic and intensive care management of a patient with Ehlers–Danlos Type IV syndrome after laparotomy
Authors: Solan K. , Davies P. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryA 31‐year‐old woman with Ehlers–Danlos Type IV syndrome developed multiple intensive care related complications following laparotomy for perforated bowel. Complications are more likely to occur with the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.
Use of alpha‐agonists for management of anaphylaxis occurring under anaesthesia: case studies and review
Authors: Heytman M. , Rainbird A. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryAnaphylaxis is an uncommon but serious complication of anaesthesia. Most current guidelines for the management of anaphylaxis list only epinephrine as a vasopressor to use in the event of cardiovascular collapse. We present two cases of anaphylaxis under anaesthesia where return of spontaneous circulation was refractory to epinephrine, but occurred following the administration of the alpha‐agonist metaraminol. Potential advantages and disadvantages of using epinephrine in this setting, the role of alpha‐agonists and some potential mechanisms accounting for their role in successful management are reviewed.
The history of spinal needles: getting to the point
Authors: Calthorpe N. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe history of the design of spinal needle tips is discussed, from the first needles used by J. Leonard Corning in 1885 to innovative, modern needle designs that continue to appear on the market. The shape of the needle tip started as a cutting bevel and developed into the atraumatic tip and the pencil‐point tip in current common use. Innovative designs such as the stylet‐tipped needle and the directional needle are described, as well as the needles used for continuous spinal anaesthesia.
Nitric oxide in inflammatory bowel disease: a universal messenger in an unsolved puzzle
Authors: Kolios George , Valatas Vassilis , Ward Stephen G. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryIn recent years, nitric oxide (NO), a gas previously considered to be a potentially toxic chemical, has been established as a diffusible universal messenger that mediates cell–cell communication throughout the body. Constitutive and inducible NO production regulate numerous essential functions of the gastrointestinal mucosa, such as maintenance of adequate perfusion, regulation of microvascular and epithelial permeability, and regulation of the immune response. Up‐regulation of the production of NO via expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents part of a prompt intestinal antibacterial response; however, NO has also been associated with the initiation and maintenance of inflammation in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies on animal models of experimental IBD have shown that constitutive and inducible NO production seems to be beneficial during acute colitis, but sustained up‐regulation of NO is detrimental. This fact is also supported by studies on mice genetically deficient in various NOS isoforms. However, the mechanism by which NO proceeds from being an indispensable homeostatic regulator to a harmful destructor remains unknown. Furthermore, extrapolation of data from animal colitis models to human IBD is questionable. The purpose of this review is to update our knowledge about the role of this universal mediator and the enzymes that generate it in the pathogenesis of IBD.