bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock Price Crash Risk and the Market for Corporate Control
Authors: Carline Nicholas F. , Gao Yang , Kuo Jing‐Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent studies suggest that greater exposure to the market for corporate control matters for managers and shareholders since it affects firms’ ex‐post risk of experiencing a stock price crash. The findings though question the direction of the effect. In contrast, in this study, we are the first to examine the effects of firms’ ex‐ante risk of experiencing a stock price crash, a likely antecedent of which is managers’ concealment of news on aspects of the market for corporate control. We find that higher crash risk leads to greater takeover target likelihood. This relationship, which is robust to duly circumventing reverse causality, depends to a significant extent on inferior managerial quality and greater managerial discretion around financial accruals, affording richer insight into the notion that correction of managerial behaviour is a stimulus for the market for corporate control, but one that depends on the likely extent of managers’ concealment of news. We also concurrently find that actual takeover targets with higher crash risk generate a lower bid premium and receive more payment with stock. Overall, our findings strongly suggest that decision‐making in the market for corporate control is at least partially explained by incentives linked to opportunistic prices and takeovers of lemons.
The Orphan Drug Act at 40: Legislative Triumph and the Challenges of Success
Authors: SALTONSTALL PETER , ROSS HEIDI , KIM PAUL T. 
Published: December 2023

Policy Points
The Orphan Drug Act (ODA) was the result of patient advocacy and by many measures has been strikingly successful. However, approximately 95% of the more than 7,000 known rare diseases still have no US Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment.
The ODA's success led to sustained criticism of high drug prices, often for products that have orphan drug indications. Critics misconstrue the ODA's intent and propose reducing its incentives instead of pursuing policies focused on addressing broader prescription drug price challenges that exist in both the orphan and nonorphan drug market.
Patients and their families will continue to defend the purpose and integrity of the ODA and to drive investments into rare disease research and clinical development.
Individuals' career perceptions in different institutionalized contexts: A comparative study of career actors in liberal, coordinated, hierarchical and mediterranean market economies
Authors: Andresen Maike , Apospori Eleni , Gunz Hugh , Cotton Richard , Hall Douglas T. , Shen Yan , Bosak Janine , Dickmann Michael , Parry Emma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLeveraging Weiner's attribution theory of intrapersonal motivation at the micro level and varieties of capitalism theory at the macro level, we conduct a multi‐country and cross‐level study examining whether individuals' career goals (i.e., perceived importance of learning and development), behaviors (i.e., proactive career behaviors), and outcomes (i.e., perceived employability) as well as the relationships between these variables, differ between different market economies. We challenge extant literature that focuses on the agentic role of individuals and understates the role of context (i.e., market economy influence) in an individual's career development. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we draw on a survey of 15,201 individuals between 2014 and 2016 from 22 countries representing four different varieties of capitalism. The results showed that workers in hierarchical (HME) and Mediterranean (MME) market economies systematically differed from individuals in coordinated (CME) and liberal (LME) market economies in proactive career behaviors and perceived employability. Moreover, while the positive relationship between perceived importance of learning and development and proactive career behaviors was stronger in CMEs and LMEs compared to HMEs and MMEs, the positive association between proactive career behaviors and perceived employability was weaker. Our study bridges the micro‐macro gap in career studies, adding new insights into the ongoing conversation of contextual influence in individuals' career development.
Climate heterogeneity, season variation, and sexual dimorphism modulate the association between MHC II diversity and parasite variation in striped hamster
Authors: LIU Pengbo , LI Guichang , ZHAO Ning , LIU Qiyong , LIU Xiaobo , SONG Xiuping , SHI Xinfei , LUN Xinchang , ZHANG Lu , WANG Jun , LU Liang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractParasite‐mediated selection is widely believed to play a crucial role in maintaining the diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which is thought to be maintained through heterozygote advantage, rare‐allele advantage, and fluctuating selection. However, the relationship between parasite pressure and MHC diversity has yielded inconsistent findings. These inconsistencies may arise from the influence of environmental factors and individual variations in traits on host–parasite interactions. To address these issues, our study extensively investigated populations of striped hamsters inhabiting regions characterized by environmental heterogeneity. The primary objective was to examine the universality of parasite‐mediated selection mechanisms. Our observations revealed the presence of multiple parasite infections, accompanied by spatial and temporal variations in parasite communities and infection patterns among individual hamsters. Specifically, the temperature was found to influence all four parasite indices, while the presence of gamasid mites and parasite richness decreased with increasing precipitation. We also noted significant seasonal variation in parasite dynamics. Moreover, a significant sexual dimorphism was observed with males exhibiting a considerably higher parasite burden compared to their female counterparts. Lastly, we identified the maintenance of MHC polymorphism in striped hamsters as being driven by the heterozygote advantage and fluctuating selection mechanisms. This study underscores the significance of ecological processes in comprehending host–parasite systems and highlights the necessity of considering environmental factors and individual traits when elucidating the mechanisms underlying MHC diversity mediated by parasites.
Diagnostic method of mass spectrometry for detecting lymph node metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yoshimura Ryuichi , Shigeeda Wataru , Fujita Yuji , Kokaji Tetsuo , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Tomoyasu Makoto , Kudo Satoshi , Kaneko Yuka , Kanno Hironaga , Iwai Hidenobu , Mase Tomohiko , Saito Hajime 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHistopathology by pathologists is essential in the diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, auxiliary diagnostic procedures for malignant tumor have continued to evolve. Despite the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC, the application of the latest procedures and technologies to the field of lung cancer has lagged. Mass spectrometry was used to detect trace amounts of peptides in human tissue with high accuracy. The aim of this study was to establish a method for diagnostic mass spectrometry to identify lymph node metastasis by detecting cytokeratin (CK)19, a useful biomarker in lung cancer.MethodsWe collected 81 lymph nodes with positive expression of CK19 in patients who underwent radical surgical resection in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Iwate Medical University between May 2020 and December 2022. An X500R instrument was used for sample analysis. A positive result for lymph node metastasis as the detection at least two product ions (FGPGVAFR and ILGATIENSR) from CK19 was defined.ResultsOur study indicated a high diagnostic efficiency for mass spectrometry, with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity. The mutual concordance of mass spectrometry methods and histopathological diagnosis was 90.1%.ConclusionsMass spectrometry offers high diagnostic accuracy and can be clinically applied to auxiliary diagnostic procedures for lymph node metastasis from NSCLC.
Agricultural shocks, coping policies and deforestation: Evidence from the coffee leaf rust epidemic in Mexico
Authors: Chort Isabelle , Öktem Berk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeforestation in the tropics is a critical issue that interacts with global environmental changes, and the mediating role of negative agricultural shocks is ambiguous. We investigate the impact of the massive epidemic of coffee leaf rust (CLR) that affected Mexico from 2012 on deforestation. CLR is a fungal disease that negatively affects coffee production. We exploit the gradual spread of the epidemic across coffee‐growing municipalities and estimate a difference‐in‐differences model. We find that deforestation increased by 32% in CLR‐affected municipalities, but we find no increase in agricultural land. We find evidence of deforestation in cropland area, and our effects are driven by states where rustic coffee systems were predominant. These results suggest that deforestation occurred within coffee cultivation areas and point out the concurrent role of government subsidies and incentives through the PROCAFE program, launched in 2014, that promoted the replacement of traditional coffee trees by CLR‐resistant hybrids. We study the dynamic effects of CLR and exploit the delayed launch of PROCAFE to try to disentangle the impact of the epidemic from that of the policy response. Our results emphasize the vulnerability of agroforestry systems to exogenous shocks and suggest that PROCAFE, as a short‐term response to CLR, contributed to increasing deforestation and accelerating the transition of Mexican traditional coffee landscapes to monoculture.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing reveals seven testis‐enriched transmembrane glycoproteins dispensable for male fertility in mice
Authors: Ogawa Yo , Lu Yonggang , Kiyozumi Daiji , Chang Hsin‐Yi , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMammalian fertilization is mediated by multiple sperm acrosomal proteins, many of which are testis‐enriched transmembrane glycoproteins expressed during spermiogenesis (e.g., Izumo sperm‐egg fusion 1, Sperm acrosome associated 6, and Transmembrane protein 95).MethodsWe hypothesized that proteins with these features might have a role in sperm–egg interaction and thus carried out an in‐silico screen based on multiple public databases. We generated knockout mouse lines lacking seven candidate proteins by the CRISPR/Cas9 system and conducted detailed analyses on the fecundity of the knockout males, as well as their testis appearance and weight, testis and epididymis histology, and sperm motility and morphology.ResultsThrough the in‐silico screen, we identified 4932438H23Rik, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 29, SAYSvFN domain‐containing protein 1, Sel‐1 suppressor of lin‐12‐like 2 (C. elegans), Testis‐expressed protein 2, Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 3, and Zinc and ring finger 4. Phenotypic analyses unveiled that the knockout males showed normal testis gross appearance, normal testis and epididymis histology, and normal sperm morphology and motility. Fertility tests further indicated that the knockout male mice could sire pups with normal litter sizes when paired with wild‐type females.Discussion and conclusionThese findings suggest that these seven proteins are individually dispensable for male reproduction and fertilization. Future studies are warranted to devise advanced in‐silico screening approaches that permit effective identification of gamete fusion‐required sperm proteins.
The impact of electric scooters in Melbourne: data from a major trauma service
Authors: Cevik Jevan , Read David , Putland Mark , Fazio Timothy , Gumm Kellie , Varma Amrita , Santos Roselyn , Ramakrishnan Anand 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe proliferation of electric scooters globally has been associated with an increase in related injuries and consequent economic burden. This study aims to assess the injury patterns and the economic impact associated with electric scooter use in Melbourne, Australia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using hospital and registry data from January 2022 to January 2023. Data collected included demographic details, alcohol and helmet use, injury type and severity, operative treatment provided, and direct medical costs. The economic impact (in AUD) of the patient's emergency presentation and hospital admission was calculated.ResultsDuring the study period, 256 electric scooter related injuries were recorded, comprising 247 riders and nine pedestrians. The majority of patients were males (69%) with a median age of 29.5 (15–78). Alcohol use was reported by 34% and helmet use by 33%. Injuries most commonly affected the upper limb (53%) and head (50%), with abrasions (75%) and fractures (48%) being the most common type of injury sustained. The total hospital cost was $1 911 062, and the median cost was $1321.66 per patient (IQR: $479.37–$5096.65).ConclusionElectric scooter usage, as observed through patient presentations to the Royal Melbourne Hospital, is associated with a considerable number of injuries, primarily among young males, and an ensuing substantial economic burden. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved safety measures to minimize electric scooter‐related injuries and their clinical and economic repercussions.
Why do funders support social welfare crowdfunding platforms? An elaboration likelihood perspective
Authors: Sajjad Aqsa , Zhang Qingyu , Alarifi Ghadah , Battisti Enrico , Arrigo Elisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCrowdfunding entails small funds or contributions collected from the public to support and develop certain services or products. It has been widely adopted as an alternative method to fund social, cultural, and technological projects. Crowdfunding platforms can capitalize the social and digital networks, making them more efficient in targeting funders with minimum operational costs. The emergence of crowdfunding platforms as social information systems attracts researchers and academicians to study their increasing acceptance. In complement to qualitative and big‐data analyses, behavioral models can offer robust insights into why individuals like to participate in the activities generated on these platforms. Prior research focuses on the user's acceptance of these platforms, but less attention has been given to users' engagement in crowdfunding‐based social welfare projects. The study highlights people's crowdfunding intentions to fund social welfare projects based on the elaboration likelihood model. The study hypothesizes argument quality and technical advantage as central signals and shared value and reputation as peripheral signals, where outcome efficacy and social consciousness directly affect intentions to participate and moderate the relationship between signals and intentions. We collect data from 467 potential donors from China's 30 online crowdfunding platforms. The results indicate a more significant peripheral route effect on donation participation in social welfare crowdfunding. Social consciousness significantly predicts donation intentions where outcome efficacy and social consciousness strengthen the relationship between argument quality, shared values, and donation intentions to participate in socially responsible crowdfunding. The study provides implications for social collaboration for welfare projects through these platforms in light of these dynamic factors.
Advancing type 2 diabetes therapy with iGlarLixi in older people: Pooled analysis of four randomized controlled trials
Authors: Munshi Medha , Ritzel Robert , Jude Edward B , Dex Terry , Melas‐Melt Lydie , Rosenstock Julio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi in older people (≥65 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) advancing or switching from oral agents, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), or basal insulin.Materials and MethodsThe data of participants aged <65 years and ≥65 years from four LixiLan trials (LixiLan‐O, LixiLan‐G, LixiLan‐L, SoliMix) were evaluated over 26 or 30 weeks.ResultsParticipants aged <65/≥65 years (n = 1039/n = 497) had a mean baseline body mass index of 31.4 and 30.7 kg/m2 and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration of 66 mmol/mol (8.2%) and 65 mmol/mol (8.1%), respectively. Least squares mean HbA1c change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) was −14.32 mmol/mol (−1.31%) (95% confidence interval [CI] −14.97, −13.77 [−1.37%, −1.26%]) for those aged <65 years and −13.66 mmol/mol (−1.25%) (95% CI −14.54, −12.79 [−1.33%, −1.17%]) for those aged ≥65 years. At EOT, achievement of HbA1c targets was similar between the group aged <65 years and the group aged ≥65 years: <53 mmol/mol (<7%) (59.0% and 56.5%, respectively), <59 mmol/mol (<7.5%) (75.5% and 73.0%, respectively) and <64 mmol/mol (<8%) (83.8% and 84.1%, respectively). The incidence and event rate of American Diabetes Association Level 1 hypoglycaemia during the studies were also comparable between the two groups: 26.7% and 28.2% and 1.7 and 2.1 events per patient‐year for the group aged <65 years and the group aged ≥65 years, respectively. A clinically relevant reduction in HbA1c (>1% from baseline for HbA1c ≥64 mmol/mol [≥8%] or ≥0.5% from baseline for HbA1c <64 mmol/mol [<8%]) without hypoglycaemia was attained by 50.0% and 47.6% of participants aged <65 years and ≥65 years, respectively. Adverse events were similar between the two age groups.ConclusionsiGlarLixi is a simple, well‐tolerated, once‐daily alternative for treatment advancement in older people with T2D that provides significant improvements in glycaemic control without increasing hypoglycaemia risk, thus reducing the treatment burden.
Flow cytometry for comprehensive assessment of platelet functional activity in response to ADP stimulation
Authors: Ponomarenko Evgeniya A. , Ignatova Anastasia A. , Polokhov Dmitrii M. , Filkova Aleksandra A. , Suntsova Elena V. , Zharkov Pavel A. , Fedorova Daria V. , Pisaryuk Alexandra S. , Meray Imad , Kobalava Zhanna D. , Tukhsanboev Yokubjon S. , Maschan Alexey A. , Novichkova Galina A. , Sveshnikova Anastasia N. , Panteleev Mikhail A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesFlow cytometry with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) allows to characterize molecular changes of platelet function caused by this physiologically important activation, but the methodology has not been thoroughly investigated, standardized and characterized yet. We analyzed the influence of several major variables and chose optimal conditions for platelet function assessment.MethodsFor activation, 2.5 μM CaCl2, 5 μM ADP and antibodies were added to diluted blood and incubated for 15 min. We analyzed kinetics of antibody binding and effects of their addition sequence, agonist concentration, blood dilution, exogenous calcium addition and platelet fixation.ResultsWe tested our protocol on 11 healthy children, 22 healthy adult volunteers, 9 patients after a month on dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 7 adult patients and 14 children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We found that our protocol is highly sensitive to ADP stimulation with low percentage of aggregates formation. The assay is also sensitive to platelet function inhibition in post‐PCI patients. Finally, platelet preactivation with ITP plasma was stronger and caused increase in activation response to ADP stimulation compared to preactivation with low dose of ADP.ConclusionsOur assay is sensitive to antiplatelet therapy and platelet preactivation in ITP patients under physiological conditions with minimal percentage of aggregates formation.
Sobetirome rescues α‐synuclein‐mediated demyelination in an in vitro model of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Mészáros Lisa , Himmler Marcus , Schneider Yanni , Arnold Philipp , Dörje Frank , Schubert Dirk W. , Winkler Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and rapidly progressive atypical parkinsonian disorder characterized by oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing α‐synuclein (α‐syn), demyelination, inflammation and neuronal loss. To date, no disease‐modifying therapy is available. Targeting α‐syn‐driven oligodendroglial dysfunction and demyelination presents a potential therapeutic approach for restricting axonal dysfunction, neuronal loss and disease progression. The present study investigated the promyelinogenic potential of sobetirome, a blood–brain barrier permeable and central nervous system selective thyromimetic in the context of an in vitro MSA model. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were obtained from transgenic mice overexpressing human α‐syn specifically in oligodendrocytes (MBP29 mouse line), a well‐described MSA model, and non‐transgenic littermates. mRNA and protein expression analyses revealed a substantial rescue effect of sobetirome on myelin‐specific proteins in control and α‐syn overexpressing oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, myelination analysis using nanofibres confirmed that sobetirome increases both the length and number of myelinated segments per oligodendrocyte in primary murine α‐syn overexpressing oligodendrocytes and their respective control. These results suggest that sobetirome may be a promising thyromimetic compound targeting an important neuropathological hallmark of MSA.