bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Praxisrelevante Aspekte zur biochemischen und molekulargenetischen
Diagnostik bei seltenen Knochenerkrankungen – vom Netzwerk Seltene
Osteopathien (NetsOs*)
Authors: Grasemann Corinna , Barvencik Florian , Siggelkow Heide , Kocijan Roland , Tsourdi Elena , Högler Wolfgang , Kornak Uwe 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungSeltene hereditäre Skeletterkrankungen können zu einer abnormen
Länge, Stärke oder Form der Knochen führen. Basierend
auf dem klinischen und radiologischen Phänotyp und dem Genotyp wird
diese Erkrankungsgruppe in mehr als 500 verschiedene und sehr heterogene
Erkrankungen unterteilt. Eine schnelle und präzise Diagnosestellung ist
für die Patientenversorgung dringend erforderlich und beruht auf der
Kombination von klinischen, biochemischen, radiologischen und genetischen
Analysen. Neue und verbesserte genetische Testverfahren haben die Diagnostik
revolutioniert und spielen eine große Rolle in der Beratung von
Patienten und Familien. Um die optimale Versorgung dieser Patienten zu
ermöglichen, wird ein krankheitsspezifisches Langzeitmanagement in einem
multidisziplinären Team in hochspezialisierten Zentren empfohlen. Dieser
Artikel gibt einen praxisrelevanten Überblick über die
biochemischen Analysen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen und ihre Anwendung in
Verbindung mit humangenetischen Tests zur Identifizierung, Charakterisierung und
Verlaufsbewertung dieser seltenen Skeletterkrankungen.
Mobilising volunteer groups, communities and agencies during the pandemic: a rapid realist view of the evidence
Authors: Kneale Dylan , Bangpan Mukdarut , Hartley Kathryn , Hou Meihui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic represented a rise in ‘people power’ globally, expressed through manifold acts of kindness, solidarity and mutualism as communities organised and came together where governments could or would not. In this study we were interested in the mechanisms through which communities and agencies extended existing practices and structures to respond to the pandemic or adopted new ways of organising. We undertook a rapid realist systematic review, following established steps and drawing on the Volunteer Process Model as our core theory. We worked with 59 studies to identify the mechanisms through which individuals, agencies and organisations, and communities mobilised and we identified six mechanisms. Gaining experience and developing role identity were key in mobilising volunteers to undertake activities and also resulted in positive outcomes for the volunteers themselves. Adaptability ensured that individuals, groups and local agencies and organisations were able to respond to the changing needs of beneficiary groups. Co-ordination helped communities, agencies and mutual aid groups to work together rather than in competition. Emotional support, support in the form of social and material recognition, and support through training were important in sustaining a volunteer workforce and protecting the wellbeing of the volunteer workforce. Altruism was a key motivator for stepping up during the pandemic and becoming a volunteer while greater trust was linked with the extent to which groups and communities were able to scale up efforts to respond to higher demands during the pandemic. While the COVID-19 pandemic represented a period of great social upheaval, it illuminated the ‘power of people’ working together. Our findings identify six key mechanisms that supported this mobilisation, which may be critical to activate in future health emergencies, but are also largely reflective of investments made before the pandemic to support the development of social capital and the development of volunteering infrastructure.
The dark web privacy dilemma: linguistic diversity, talkativeness, and user engagement on the cryptomarket forums
Authors: Chen Zhicong , Meng Xiang , Wang Cheng-Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe users of the Dark Web require a secure and highly anonymous environment to exchange information while protecting their online privacy, which presents a privacy dilemma. This paper examines the digital footprints of user behavior on the three most popular cryptomarket forums on the Dark Web, namely Silk Road 1, Silk Road 2, and Agora. The results indicate that users who engage in more conversations and employ a wider range of vocabulary are more likely to discontinue their participation on the forum. Intriguingly, no significant relationship is found between network characteristics and user engagement. These findings emphasize that the risk of exposure within anonymous communities primarily stems from the potency of information rather than social connections, which sheds light on the privacy dilemma inherent in the Dark Web and provides deeper insights into the online user behavior surrounding anonymity-granting technologies on the Internet.
Improvement of thermoelectric performance of flexible compound Ag2S0.55Se0.45 by means of partial V-substitution for Ag
Authors: Sato Kosuke , Singh Saurabh , Yamazaki Itsuki , Hirata Keisuke , Ang Artoni Kevin R. , Matsunami Masaharu , Takeuchi Tsunehiro 
Published: December 2023

The effects of the partial V-substitution for Ag on the thermoelectric (TE) properties are investigated for a flexible semiconducting compound Ag2S0.55Se0.45. Density functional theory calculations predict that such a partial V-substitution constructively modifies the electronic structure near the bottom of the conduction band to improve the TE performance. The synthesized Ag1.97V0.03S0.55Se0.45 is found to possess a TE dimensionless figure-of-merit (ZT) of 0.71 at 350 K with maintaining its flexible nature. This ZT value is relatively high in comparison with those reported for flexible TE materials below 360 K. The increase in the ZT value is caused by the enhanced absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient with less significant variation in electrical resistivity. The high ZT value with the flexible nature naturally allows us to employ the Ag1.97V0.03S0.55Se0.45 as a component of flexible TE generators.
“The denigration of Korean men’s genitals”
Authors: Brown Lucien 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a critical discourse analysis of metapragmatic commentary in online news surrounding the
emergence of a new offensive gesture in South Korea. This new offensive hand shape is a “precision grip” gesture whereby the thumb
and index finger are pursed together to represent small size. In May 2021, male-dominated online communities started to take
offence at the prevalence of this gesture in advertising campaigns, viewing it as a misandrist emblem mocking them for the size of
their genitals. Conservative media sources ratified their stance of “taking offence”, which they treated as part of an ongoing
“gender conflict”. Although this view drew opposition from progressive sources, I argue that male communities backed by the
conservative media were able to utilise the stance of taking offence to redirect gender politics and further their misogynistic
agendas. The results advance our understanding of “taking offence” as a social action in populist, multimodal and post-digital
discourses.
LEACS: a learnable and efficient active contour model with space-frequency pooling for medical image segmentation
Authors: Wang Bing , Yang Jie , Zhou Yunlai , Yang Ying , Tian Xuedong , Zhang Guochun , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Diseases can be diagnosed and monitored by extracting regions of interest (ROIs) from medical images. However, accurate and efficient delineation and segmentation of ROIs in medical images remain challenging due to unrefined boundaries, inhomogeneous intensity and limited image acquisition. To overcome these problems, we propose an end-to-end learnable and efficient active contour segmentation model, which integrates a global convex segmentation (GCS) module into a light-weighted encoder-decoder convolutional segmentation network with a multiscale attention module (ED-MSA). The GCS automatically obtains the initialization and corresponding parameters of the curve deformation according to the prediction map generated by the ED-MSA, while provides the refined object boundary prediction for ED-MSA optimization. To provide precise and reliable initial contour for the GCS, we design the space-frequency pooling operation layers in the encoder stage of ED-MSA, which can effectively reduce the number of iterations of the GCS. Beside, we construct ED-MSA using the depth-wise separable convolutional residual module to mitigate the overfitting of the model. The effectiveness of our method is validated on four challenging medical image datasets. Code is here: https://github.com/Yang-fashion/ED-MSA_GCS
MamoRef: an optical mammography device using whole-field CW diffuse reflectance. Presentation, validation and preliminary clinical results
Authors: Carbone Nicolás A , Vera Demián A , Victoria Waks-Serra M , García Héctor A , Iriarte Daniela I , Pomarico Juan A , Pardini Pamela A , Puca Silvana , Fuentes Nora , Renati María E , Capellino Pablo H , Osses Romina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. MamoRef is an mammography device that uses near-infrared light, designed to provide clinically relevant information for the screening of diseases of the breast. Using low power continuous wave lasers and a high sensitivity CCD (Charge-coupled device) that captures a diffusely reflected image of the tissue, MamoRef results in a versatile diagnostic tool that aims to fulfill a complementary role in the diagnosis of breast cancer providing information about the relative hemoglobin concentrations as well as oxygen saturation. Approach. We present the design and development of an initial prototype of MamoRef. To ensure its effectiveness, we conducted validation tests on both the theoretical basis of the reconstruction algorithm and the hardware design. Furthermore, we initiated a clinical feasibility study involving patients diagnosed with breast disease, thus evaluating the practical application and potential benefits of MamoRef in a real-world setting. Main results. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the reconstruction algorithm in recovering relative concentration differences among various chromophores, as confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations show that the recovered data correlates well with the ground truth, with SSIMs of 0.8 or more. Additionally, the phantom experiments validate the hardware implementation. The initial clinical findings exhibit highly promising outcomes regarding MamoRef’s ability to differentiate between lesions. Significance. MamoRef aims to be an advancement in the field of breast pathology screening and diagnostics, providing complementary information to standard diagnostic techniques. One of its main advantages is the ability of determining oxy/deoxyhemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation; this constitutes valuable complementary information to standard diagnostic techniques. Besides, MamoRef is a portable and relatively inexpensive device, intended to be not only used in specific medical imaging facilities. Finally, its use does not require external compression of the breast. The findings of this study underscore the potential of MamoRef in fulfilling this crucial role.
Machine learning techniques for sequential learning engineering design optimisation
Authors: Humphrey L R , Dubas A J , Fletcher L C , Davis A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
When designing a fusion power plant, many first-of-a-kind components are required. This presents a large potential design space across as many dimensions as the component’s parameters. In addition, multiphysics, multiscale, high-fidelity simulations are required to reliably capture a component’s performance under given boundary conditions. Even with high performance computing (HPC) resources, it is not possible to fully explore a component’s design space. Thus, effective interpolation between data points via machine learning (ML) techniques is essential. With sequential learning engineering optimisation, ML techniques inform the selection of simulation parameters which give the highest expected improvement for the model: balancing exploitation of the current best design with exploration of uncertain areas in the design space. In this paper, the application of an ML-driven design of experiment procedure for the sequential learning engineering design optimisation of a fusion component is shown. A parameterised divertor monoblock is taken as a typical example of a fusion component requiring HPC simulation to model. The component’s geometry is then optimised using Bayesian optimisation, seeking the design which minimises the stress experienced by the component under operational conditions.
Multiterminal nonreciprocal routing in an optomechanical plaquette via synthetic magnetism
Authors: Tang Zhi-Xiang , Xu Xun-Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Optomechanical systems with parametric coupling between optical (photon) and mechanical (phonon) modes provide a useful platform to realize various magnetic-free nonreciprocal devices, such as isolators, circulators, and directional amplifiers. However, nonreciprocal router with multiaccess channels has not been extensively studied yet. Here, we propose a nonreciprocal router with one transmitter, one receiver, and two output terminals, based on an optomechanical plaquette composing of two optical modes and two mechanical modes. The time-reversal symmetry of the system is broken via synthetic magnetism induced by driving the two optical modes with phase-correlated laser fields. The prerequisites for nonreciprocal routing are obtained both analytically and numerically, and the robustness of the nonreciprocity is demonstrated numerically. Multiterminal nonreciprocal router in optomechanical plaquette provides a useful quantum node for development of quantum network information security and realization of quantum secure communication.
Application of Regularization Methods in the Sky Map Reconstruction of the Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder Array
Authors: Yu Kaifeng , Zuo Shifan , Wu Fengquan , Wang Yougang , Chen Xuelei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Tianlai cylinder pathfinder is a radio interferometer array to test 21 cm intensity mapping techniques in the post-reionization era. It works in passive drift scan mode to survey the sky visible in the northern hemisphere. To deal with the large instantaneous field of view and the spherical sky, we decompose the drift scan data into m-modes, which are linearly related to the sky intensity. The sky map is reconstructed by solving the linear interferometer equations. Due to incomplete uv coverage of the interferometer baselines, this inverse problem is usually ill-posed, and regularization method is needed for its solution. In this paper, we use simulation to investigate two frequently used regularization methods, the Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (TSVD), and the Tikhonov regularization techniques. Choosing the regularization parameter is very important for its application. We employ the generalized cross validation method and the L-curve method to determine the optimal value. We compare the resulting maps obtained with the different regularization methods, and for the different parameters derived using the different criteria. While both methods can yield good maps for a range of regularization parameters, in the Tikhonov method the suppression of noisy modes are more gradually applied, produce more smooth maps which avoids some visual artefacts in the maps generated with the TSVD method.
The buckling performance of a piezoelectric laminated composite plate via static method
Authors: Mao Chenyang , Liu Lei , Zhou Bo , Zhu Xiuxing , Wang Haijing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Piezoelectric materials are widely used as actuators, due to the advantages of quick response, high sensitivity and linear strain-electric field relationship. The previous work on the piezoelectric material plate structures are not enough, however such structures play a very important role in the practical design. In this paper, the buckling performance of piezoelectric laminated composite plate (PLCP) is analyzed based on static method to parametric study the buckling control. The stress components of the matrix layer are formulated based on electro-mechanical coupling theory and Kirchhoff’s classical laminated plate theory. Buckling differential governing equation of PLCP is obtained by using the equilibrium conditions. The solution of the governing equation is assumed as a sum of a series of trigonometric shape functions, and then its expression is obtained by using static method. The effectiveness of the developed method is validated by the comparison with finite element method. Especially, the developed method can be used for engineering applications more easily, and it does not require to rebuild the calculation model as finite element method during the calculation and analysis of PLCP. The buckling performance of PLCP and its influencing factors are numerically analyzed through the developed method. The buckling performance of PLCP is reasonably increased by parametric studying different loads, laying angle, laying sequence, height of the matrix plate, and layer size. This paper is a valuable reference for the design and analysis of PLCP.
Investigating the role of processing temperature on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour of equal channel angular pressed AZ31 Mg alloy
Authors: Raghu Ram Mohan Reddy K , Mrudula G , Elipey Manoj Kumar , Singaiah Kanumuri , Prabhakar G V N B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) through Bc route at three different temperatures (200, 250 and 300 °C) to investigate the role of processing temperature on the microstructure evolution. All the sample were processed for one complete cycle which includes 4 consecutive pressings. Workpiece processed at 200 °C has shown relatively higher grain refinement (2.1 ± 1.4 μm) compared with the samples processed at 250 °C (5.6 ± 2.7 μm) and 300 °C (7 ± 5.5 μm) from a starting size of 36 ± 4.1 μm. Increased hardness was measured for the ECAPed samples at 200 °C due to the higher level of grain refinement. Workpiece produced at 200 °C exhibited higher tensile strength (270.9 ± 6.3 MPa) compared with the other processed samples and base alloy. Surface energy measurements from the contact angles show the positive effect of grain refinement on increasing the hydrophilic nature of AZ31 alloy. Corrosion experiments from the potentiodynamic polarization studies demonstrate lower corrosion current for the base alloy compared with all of the processed alloys. The deteriorated corrosion performance in the ECAPed alloys can be claimed to the increased crystal imperfections due to ECAP. From the results, it is understood that the lower processing temperatures are preferable to achieve higher level of grain refinement in ECAP of AZ31 Mg alloy. Excellent mechanical properties can be achieved in AZ31 alloy by ECAP and the decreased corrosion resistance is a concern to pay more attention.
Pregnant women’s experiences of extreme exposure to bushfire associated smoke: a qualitative study
Authors: Davis Deborah , Barnes Katelyn , Williamson Rebecca , Behie Alison M , Phillips Christine , Aroni Rosalie , Roberts Celia , Kurz Ella , Schoenaker Danielle , Nolan Christopher J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 2019/2020, multiple bushfires burned across south-east Australia converging into unprecedented megafires that burned 5.8 million hectares. From October 2019–February 2020, 80% of Australians were affected by smoke from these fires, exposing them to dramatic increases of PM2.5 in the air at an average level of ∼70 μg m3 per day, well above the World Health Organisation recommendation of ∼10 μg m3. Maternal exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with negative birth outcomes and an increased rate of birth defects, yet there is a dearth of literature regarding how pregnant women deal with exposure to bushfire smoke. The aim of this study was thus to investigate how pregnant and postpartum women experienced severe bushfire smoke associated with the 2019–2020 bushfires in south-east Australia and the strategies they used to mitigate exposure to smoke for themselves and their unborn or newborn children. Forty-three women who were exposed to fire and/or smoke from the 2019–2020 bushfires participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews via phone or videoconference. These women were selected purposively from a larger group of women who had elected to be interviewed. After interview, data were transcribed and thematically analysed using the four phases of disaster response (prevention, preparedness, response, recovery) as a frame. Overall, our results indicated that public health advice failed to meet the unique needs of this group. While many protected their properties appropriately and were reasonably well prepared for evacuation, they were unprepared for the disruption to vital services including power and communications. Women exposed to smoke inundation were unprepared for this outcome and self-initiated a variety of strategies. The support of community was also key to recovery. There is a clear need for specific recognition of the needs of pregnant women across all phases of disaster response, incorporating public health messaging, peer support, and access to resources.
Decision making in emergency laparotomy: updated results of an international multi disciplinary judgement analysis study
Authors: Perin Giordano , Ghirardo Sergio , Favero Alberto , Bellio Gabriele , Hormis Anil , Cresswell Andrew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
The aim of our study is to assess how professionals take decisions when evaluating suitability of patients for emergency laparotomy or palliation.

Methods
We created and validated a dataset of 90 case vignettes based on real patients admitted with surgical pathology correctable only via an emergency laparotomy. We removed information concerning real life outcomes. We submitted the vignettes to consultants and trainees in surgery, anaesthesia and intensive care, asking them if they would offer an emergency laparotomy. Concordance between assessors and real life decisions, accuracy scores (the lower the value the higher the likelihood of operating on patients that survived) and inconsistency scores were calculated. Judgement Analysis methodology (binomial logistic regression) was used to identify variables relevant to the decision making process for each participant.

Results
This report includes results for the first 110 participants. Thirteen centres provided data (4 from Italy, 8 from the UK, 1 from Greece). 54 consultants, 39 registrars, 13 core trainees participated. 68 were surgeons, 26 anaesthetists and 9 intensivists. Median concordance between decision makers and real life was 78.9%. Median accuracy was 17 (IQR 11-34.3). Median inconsistency was 13% (IQR 7%-20%). Concordance, accuracy and consistency strongly correlated with each other and were better for consultants and worse for trainees. Judgment Analysis demonstrated differences between grades, specialities and institutions.

Conclusions
Different clinicians, when faced with the same information, make different decisions. Our updated data supports the adoption of multidisciplinary decision making protocols as well as senior involvement.