Pengaruh Mesh Adsorben Arang Aktif Bambu Betung pada Proses Pemurnian Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa
Authors: Aditya I Putu Ari Susila , Wirawan I Putu Surya , Arthawan I Gusti Ketut Arya 
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
Asap cair merupakan hasil kondensasi pembakaran bahan organik melalui proses pirolisis. Asap cair grade 1 yang biasa digunakan untuk pengawet bahan makanan diproses melalui tahapan pemurnian dengan distilasi bertingkat yang memerlukan waktu cukup lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kualitas asap cair tempurung kelapa grade 1 berdasarkan SNI 8985:2021. Proses pemurnian asap cair menggunakan metode dehidrasi dengan adsorben arang aktif bambu betung dengan variasi ukuran 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, dan 100 mesh. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kadar air, kadar abu, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), keasaman (pH), dan GC-MS (Gas Chromotography-Mass Spectroscopy). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan 40 mesh menghasilkan kadar air 4,38%; kadar abu 2,70%; pH 3,3; dan waktu pemurnian 87 menit. Perlakuan 60 mesh menghasilkan kadar air 5,78%; kadar abu 3,39%; pH 3,2; dan waktu pemurnian 90 menit. Perlakuan 80 mesh menghasilkan kadar air 5,95%; kadar abu 4,14%; pH 3,1; dan waktu pemurnian 93 menit. Perlakuan 100 mesh menghasilkan kadar air 6,75%; kadar abu 7,50%; pH 3; dan waktu pemurnian 100 menit. Asap cair grade 1 yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan senyawa fenol sebesar 1,94% - 5,14%, senyawa creosol sebesar 5,84% - 15,56% dan senyawa asam sebesar 0,11% - 3,47%. Adsorben yang menggunakan ukuran 100 mesh direkomendasikan sebagai bahan pengawet makanan dengan karakteristik warna jenih, tidak berbau, nilai pH 3,0, senyawa fenol 5,14%, senyawa asam 3,27% dan creosol 15,56%.
Abstract
Liquid smoke is the product of the condensation of burning organic matter by the pyrolysis process. Grade 1 liquid smoke for preservatives is processed through a purification stage with multilevel distillation which takes a long time. This study aims to obtain the quality of coconut shell liquid smoke grade 1 based on SNI 8985:2021. The liquid smoke purification process uses the dehydration method with bamboo betung activated charcoal as an adsorbent with variations in sizes of 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, and 100 mesh. The parameters observed were water content, ash content, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), acidity (pH), and GC-MS (Gas Chromotography-Mass Spectroscopy). The results showed that the 40 mesh treatment resulted in a moisture content of 4.38%, 2.70% ash content, pH 3.3, and a purification time of 87 minutes. The 60 mesh treatment resulted in a moisture content of 5.78%, ash content of 3.39%, pH of 3.2, and a purification time of 90 minutes. Treatment of 80 mesh resulted in 5.95% moisture content, ash content of 4.14%, pH of 3.1, and a purification time of 93 minutes. The 100 mesh treatment resulted in a moisture content of 6.75%, ash content of 7.50%, pH 3, and a purification time of 100 minutes. The resulting grade 1 liquid smoke contains phenol compounds of 1.94% - 5.14%, creosol compounds of 5.84% - 15.56%, and acid compounds of 0.11% - 3.47%. The 100 mesh adsorbent is recommended as a food preservative with the characteristics of a clear color, odorless, pH value of 3.0, phenolic compounds of 5.14%, acidic compounds of 3.27%, and creosol 15.56%.