bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erratum: State feedback control of timed hybrid Petri nets
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Ushio Toshimitsu , Kodama Shinzo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA system in which discrete variables and continuous variables are mixed is called a hybrid system. Many models have been proposed for the description of hybrid systems. A model graphically describing the causality relationship between the variables is the hybrid Petri net (HPN). A model in which the concept of time is introduced into the HPN is the timed HPN (THPN). In this paper, with regard to the THPN with an external input place (THPNIP), state feedback control is discussed in the case where the control specifications are given by a predicate on the reachable set. In THPNIP, in general there is no guarantee that the maximum permissive feedback, which is the maximum element in the set of the state feedback satisfying the control specification, will exist. Hence, the necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the existence of the maximum permissive feedback. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(1): 83–89, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10011
Effects of column axial force – bending moment interaction on inelastic seismic response of steel frames
Authors: Como Marina , De Stefano Mario , Ramasco Roberto 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt is well known that axial force – bending moment interaction (N–M interaction) affects to a large extent the cyclic inelastic behaviour of structural elements, especially columns in framed structures, with reduction in bending capacity and loss of available ductility. A few studies have also shown that significant inelastic axial shortening affects the response of column elements subjected to medium–high levels of axial loads and cyclic bending.This paper is primarily aimed at evaluating the effects of column N–M interaction on the inelastic seismic response of steel frames. By considering the contemporaneous action of vertical loads, due to gravity, and of horizontal seismic excitation, it is shown that the progressive axial shortening of adjacent columns may differ substantially, thus inducing significant relative settlements at the ends of the connecting beams and, then, remarkable amplifications in beam plastic rotations. An evaluation of additional beam plastic rotations induced by column N–M interaction is carried out for real structures by investigating the inelastic response of steel frames designed according to European standards under horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of seismic performance of extended pile‐shafts
Authors: Chai Y. H. , Song S. T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe seismic performance of extended pile‐shafts subjected to the current level of displacement ductility demand is assessed for different soil conditions. Local curvature ductility demand is compared with the curvature ductility capacity provided by the current level of confining steel. Parameters in the assessment of extended pile‐shafts include the undrained shear strength of cohesive soils, relative density of cohesionless soils, aboveground height, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, axial force level and pile diameter. Results indicate that the curvature ductility demand in the pile decreases with increased soil stiffness but increases with increased aboveground height. The curvature ductility demand however is not sensitive to the longitudinal reinforcement ratio or axial force level, and is independent of the pile diameter. Results further indicate that the curvature ductility capacity available from the current level of confining steel may not be adequate for tall extended pile‐shafts, especially for piles with large longitudinal reinforcement ratio and embedded in soft or loose soils. Limits on the maximum longitudinal reinforcement ratio are suggested in the paper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene colluvial soils and geoarchaeology in the unglaciated Appalachian Plateau: Two examples from West Virginia, USA
Authors: Cremeens D.L. , MacDonald D.H. , Lothrop J.C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBuried and sometimes stratified prehistoric sites occur in upland landscapes of the Unglaciated Appalachian Plateau province, although archaeologists have traditionally believed that such settings contain only near surface cultural deposits. The age of colluvial slopes and the characteristics of associated soils vary considerably from north to south within the province, and with the size and order of the valley. We have identified numerous prehistoric sites in low‐order valleys in central and southern West Virginia, where the dominant valley fill is a variant of colluvium and alluvium (co‐alluvium) that is poorly to moderately sorted and usually stratified. Weakly developed buried soils containing archaeological materials often develop in these strata, and provide evidence of relatively short periods of landscape stability. The archaeological potential of colluvial settings is determined by both the attractiveness of a locale for settlement and by the prospects for preservation of the archaeological remains. In some cases, prehistoric components have been partially disturbed by co‐alluvial reworking and redeposition, but, in other cases, the archaeological remains are preserved in a relatively undisturbed context. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Docosahexaenoic acid membrane content and mRNA expression of acyl‐CoA oxidase and of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐δ are modulated in Y79 retinoblastoma cells differently by low and high doses of α‐linolenic acid
Authors: Langelier Bénédicte , Furet Jean‐Pierre , Perruchot Marie‐Hélène , Alessandri Jean‐Marc 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe mRNA expression levels of acyl‐CoA oxidase (AOX), a key enzyme in very‐long‐chain fatty acid peroxisomal oxidation, and of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐δ (PPAR‐δ), a nuclear receptor possibly involved in the gene regulation of brain lipid metabolism, were determined in human Y79 retinoblastoma cells by using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cells were dosed with α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3), the essential metabolic precursor of the n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid series that normally gives rise through terminal peroxisomal oxidation to the synthesis of membrane docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3, or DHA). The AOX and PPAR‐δ relative expression levels increased 2.3 and 3.4 times, respectively, upon dosing of cells with 7 μM 18:3n‐3, whereas AOX cDNA abundance decreased by 50% upon dosing with 70 μM 18:3n‐3. Concurrently, the DHA content increased by 23% in the membrane ethanolamine‐phosphoglycerides from cells dosed with 7 μM 18:3n‐3, whereas it decreased by 38% upon dosing with 70 μM 18:3n‐3. The DHA's upstream precursors (20:5n‐3 and 22:5n‐3) both accumulated in cells dosed with 7 or 70 μM 18:3n‐3. The 18:3n‐3‐induced changes in membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition support the hypothesis that the terminal peroxisomal step of n‐3 conversion is rate limiting in the Y79 line. The concurrent 7 μM 18:3n‐3‐induced increase of mRNAs encoding for AOX and for PPAR‐δ suggests that 18:3n‐3 (or its metabolites) at low concentration could trigger its proper conversion to DHA, possibly through activation of PPAR‐δ‐mediated transcription of AOX. Decreased membrane DHA content and mRNA expression level of AOX in 70‐μM 18:3n‐3‐dosed cells corroborated the relationship between AOX expression and DHA synthesis and suggested that simultaneous down‐regulating events occurred at high concentrations of 18:3n‐3. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role for M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in cocaine addiction
Authors: Fink‐Jensen Anders , Fedorova Irina , Wörtwein Gitta , Woldbye David P. D. , Rasmussen Thøger , Thomsen Morgane , Bolwig Tom G. , Knitowski Karen M. , McKinzie David L. , Yamada Masahisa , Wess Jürgen , Basile Anthony 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMuscarinic cholinergic receptors of the M5 subtype are expressed by dopamine‐containing neurons of the ventral tegmentum. These M5 receptors modulate the activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, which play an important role in mediating reinforcing properties of abused psychostimulants like cocaine. The potential role of M5 receptors in the reinforcing effects of cocaine was investigated using M5 receptor‐deficient mice in a model of acute cocaine self‐administration. The M5‐deficient mice self‐administered cocaine at a significantly lower rate than wild‐type controls. In the conditioned place preference procedure, a classic test for evaluating the rewarding properties of drugs, M5‐deficient mice spent significantly less time in the cocaine‐paired compartment than control mice. Moreover, the severity of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome (withdrawal‐associated anxiety measured in the elevated plus‐maze) was significantly attenuated in mice lacking the M5 receptor. These results demonstrate that M5 receptors play an important role in mediating both cocaine‐associated reinforcement and withdrawal. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopaminergic D2 receptor activation modulates FGF‐2 gene expression in rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
Authors: Fumagalli Fabio , Bedogni Francesco , Maragnoli Maria Elisabetta , Gennarelli Massimo , Perez Jorge , Racagni Giorgio , Riva Marco Andrea 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe have investigated the role of dopaminergic receptors in modulation of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) expression in rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, two brain regions important for cognition. We found that FGF‐2 expression is upregulated by quinpirole, a D2 agonist, in prefrontal cortex and to a lesser extent in hippocampus. This modulation was specific for dopamine D2 receptors because no effect was observed when the dopamine D1 and D3 agonists, SKF38393 and 7‐OH‐DPAT, respectively, were administered. Our findings show that activation of dopaminergic D2 receptors modulates FGF‐2 expression in rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our data highlight the complex modulation of FGF‐2 expression in limbic areas pointing to this trophic molecule as a putative target of drugs used against acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth, development and tourism in a small economy: evidence from Aruba
Authors: Sr Manuel Vanegas , Croes Robertico R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study will focus on tourism economic growth and its development impacts on a microstate and will explore their implications for tourism analysis and planning. The evidence presented in this article reveals that tourism in Aruba can generate desirable and widely distributed impacts. The tourist performance also has been remarkable and consistent. The results also suggest that the export‐led growth strategy has affected the whole of the economy in a positive way. The principal conclusion is that institutional intervention can only become a positive force within a context of rapid integration with the global market. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ensuring fairness among ECN and non‐ECN TCP over the Internet
Authors: Zabir Salahuddin Muhammad Salim , Ashir Ahmed , Kitagata Gen , Suganuma Takuo , Shiratori Norio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractExplicit Congestion Notification (ECN) has been proved to provide a fast indication of incipient congestion and thus better the performance of a TCP/IP network. In this work, we carry out investigations on gateway or router performance in providing fairnesss when both FIM ECN‐capable and non‐ECN‐capable connections are employed. We propose a new packet‐dropping scheme called Fair In‐time Dropping (FID) which drops packets from a connection upon detecting an incipient indication of congestion depending on its share of gateway or router buffer occupancy. We also show that a combination of FIM and FID offers the best fairness compared with a combination of FIM along with other dropping schemes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IPv6‐GSM: An IPv6‐based solution for GSM number portability
Authors: Chao Han‐Chieh , Tsuei T. G. , Ying Chih‐Hung 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes an algorithm called IPv6‐GSM. In IPv6‐GSM, users own GSM Local Number Portability (LNP) capability and can communicate with VoIP terminals efficiently. Therefore, with the ample address space and embedded neat mobility mechanism than its ancestor, IPv6‐GSM is demonstrated as an acceptable method for constructing future all‐IP networks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical implementation of the symmetric Galerkin boundary element method in 2D elastodynamics
Authors: Yuan Weifeng , Zhao Zhiye , Lie Seng Tjhen , Yu Guoyou 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe symmetric Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) employs both the displacement integral equation and the traction integral equation which lead to a symmetric system of equations. A two‐dimensional SGBEM is implemented in this paper, with emphasis on the special treatments of singular integrals. The integrals in the time domain are carried out by an analytical method. In order to evaluate the strong singular double integrals and the hypersingular double integrals in the space domain which are associated with the fundamental solutions Gpu and Gpp, artificial body forces are introduced which can be used to indirectly derive the singular terms. Thus, those singular integrals which behave like 1/r and 1/r2 are all avoided in the proposed SGEBM implementation. An artificial body force scheme is proposed to evaluate the body force term effectively. Two numerical examples are presented to assess the accuracy of the numerical implementation, and show similar accuracy when compared with the FEM and the analytical solutions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern recognition system using a clonal selection‐based immune network
Authors: Tang Zheng , Tashima Koichi , Cao Qi P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractStudies of immune systems include the work of Jerne on the equilibrium state of a network modeling an immune network. The authors have previously studied the information processing capabilities of immune systems and have proposed models capable of acquiring immune memory based on immune responses in an immune system. These models are based on the interactions between cells constituting an immune system, and these interactions are controlled by the state of a network formed by the cells in advance. However, in these models, cell groups are constructed by repetitions of immune responses in the immune system of a real biological organism and the fact that the immune responses are made by cell groups is not taken into account. Therefore, in this paper an immune system model involving an interactive process of network generation by cell groups generated on the basis of the clonal selection theory is proposed. The immune properties of the proposed network are shown by simulation and its effectiveness is demonstrated by applying it to a pattern recognition system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 56–63, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10243
Highlight detection and indexing in broadcast sports video by collaborative processing of text, audio, and image
Authors: Miyauchi Shingo , Babaguchi Noboru , Kitahashi Tadahiro 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this paper we propose a highlight detection method and an indexing method for broadcast sports video using the collaborative processing of text, audio, and image. In the proposed method, the appearance pattern of words in the closed caption text stream is analyzed, and candidate intervals for highlights are detected. Next, these intervals are checked based on their audio levels, and those which seem to be erroneous are rejected. Finally, the resulting highlight intervals are segmented into shots, and the shots are indexed by identifying the highlight shots based on audio levels and dominant color information. In the results of using this method on a real football broadcast, highlight intervals were effectively detected with a recall rate of 77% and a precision rate of 84%. Moreover, for the intervals in which highlights were correctly detected, shot indexing was performed accurately 75% for only the first candidate, and 97% for up to the second candidate. We verified experimentally that efficient processing can be achieved by stepwise analysis of the text, audio, and image. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 22–31, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10493
Chaos and order through fluctuations in global capitalism in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Rhee Yong Pil 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt is often suggested that capitalism is an unplanned economic system. In the absence of any overall mechanism for planning productivity, it is only through periodic recession that a market system can shut down activities which have become obsolete or uncompetitive and redirect labor and capital into thrive upon innovation and the capability to leave the past behind. Thus capitalism can be not only a very powerful constructive force but also a destructive one. This global capitalism that is one of the driving forces of globalization to some extent is a very complex economic system. We do not know fully as yet how it works. It can be assumed that global capitalism is a complex form of economic system which may be a typical non‐equilibrium system functioning in the globally turbulent situations among the capitalist nations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐critical rendering algorithm with incorporation of LoD, visibility culling and object impostor
Authors: Zhang Mingmin , Pan Zhigeng , Heng Pheng‐Ann 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGiven enough CPU time, present graphics technology can render near‐photorealistic images. However, for real‐time graphics applications such as virtual reality systems, developers must make explicit programming decisions, trading off rendering quality for interactive update rates. In this papar we present a new algorithm for rendering complex 3D models at near‐interactive rates that can be used in virtual environments composed of static or dynamic scenes. The algorithm integretes the techniques of level of details (LoD), visibility computation and object impostor. The method is more suitable for very dynamic scenes with high depth complexity. We introduce a new criterion to identify the occluder and the occludee: the object that can be replaced by its LoD model and the one that can be replaced by its impostor. The efficiency of our algorithm is then illustrated by experimental results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do pain problems in young school children persist into early adulthood? A 13‐year follow‐up
Authors: Brattberg Gunilla 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDesign. In a longitudinal study, 335 children ages 8, 11 and 14, first studied in 1989 were followed‐up on two occasions in 1991 and 2002. The subjects filled in questionnaires on pain, the first two times in school, the last as a postal survey.Purposes. To determine if headache and back pain during the school years were transitory or if they grew into pain problems in adulthood; to determine predictors of pain.Results. In the 2002 study, 59% of the women and 39% of the men reported pain at 21, 24 and 27 years. A total of 68 (52 women, 16 men) or 20% of the subjects reported pain symptoms in all three studies. The cumulative incidence rate for the presence of pain in the cohort studied was 31% for 1989–2002 and 43% for 1991–2002. Four of the 10 individuals with pain also reported signs of stress. Three predictors were found: reported back pain in 8–14‐year‐olds (p<0.0001); reported headaches once a week or more in the same age group (p<0.0001); and a positive response in the ages 10–16 to the question: “Do you often feel nervous?” (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.4). When adjusted for age, sex and all psychosocial risk determinants studied in multiple logistic regression, a positive answer to this question was a significant predictor of pain in young adulthood. A positive response by the 10–16‐year‐olds to “Do you find it difficult to describe your feelings?” was a predictor of pathological anxiety in early adulthood, but stress perceived in childhood/adolescence did not predict future pain or stress.Conclusions. Since pain reports in childhood and early adolescence seem to be associated with the report of pain in early adulthood, more attention should be given to the way ill‐health is managed in adolescence in this vulnerable group.
Recurrent pregnancy loss due to familial and non‐familial habitual molar pregnancy
Authors: Al‐Hussaini T.K , Abd El Aal D.M , Van den Veyver I.B 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjectives: To present a series of women with recurrent molar pregnancies, including rare familial cases, and discuss etiology and treatment options. Methods: We performed a detailed clinical evaluation and pedigree analysis of five Egyptian women with recurrent pregnancy loss due to molar pregnancy. Results: The women had a history of four to nine consecutive hydatidiform moles but of no viable pregnancies. Two of the women had molar pregnancies with different husbands who themselves had viable offspring from previous wives; and three of them, who belonged to a family with extensive intermarriage, had a pedigree consistent with an autosomal recessive maternal‐effect mutation. Conclusions: Recurrent pregnancy loss due to habitual molar pregnancy is uncommon and familial cases are extremely rare. The etiology of this disorder is not well understood but likely results from a maternal‐effect mutation. Management options are limited, especially for couples who desire to have their own genetic offspring.
Interaction between metamizol and tramadol in a model of acute visceral pain in rats
Authors: Poveda Raquel , Planas Eulalia , Pol Olga , Romero Asunción , Sánchez Silvia , Puig Margarita M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTramadol (TRM) and metamizol (MTZ) are drugs with complex mechanisms of action, extensively used in combination in pain management. In the present investigation we have evaluated the interaction between MTZ:TRM in the ethacrinic acid writhing test in rats. Dose—response curves (s.c.) were obtained for each drug individually, combined in fixed potency ratios (1:0.3, 1:1, 1:3), and for MTZ in presence of a fixed‐dose of TRM (3.5 mg/kg). Interactions were analysed using isobolograms, interaction indexes (INT‐I) and ANOVA. We used naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.) to determine the opioid‐component of the effects (ED80).Isobolograms demonstrated antagonism at the ED20, for 1:0.3 and 1:3 mixtures (p<0.01), whereas 1:1 was additive. At the ED50 and ED80 all combinations showed synergy. Fixed‐dose experiments demonstrated that treatment (p<0.0001), dose (p<0.0001), and their interaction (p<0.0001) were statistically significant. Naloxone partially antagonized TRM (67%), but not MTZ; the percentage reversal of the combinations was directly related to the dose of TRM in the combination. The results show that the MTZ:TRM interaction on antinociception is synergistic or antagonistic depending on the level of effect. Synergy is demonstrated at 50% or higher levels, thus supporting the results obtained in humans by our group. Below the ED50 antagonism or additivity is present depending on the ratio of the combination. The mechanisms of the interaction remain unknown.