bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of mashing temperature on fermentation and antioxidant capacity of Qingke wort
Authors: Ao Feng , Zheng Jia , Wu Jianhang , Li Mao , Wang Hong , Zhao Haifeng , Li Li , Zong Xuyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMashing temperature is important during beer brewing processes. Qingke malt was a new material whose application in the beer industry holds significant importance for the beer industry and agriculture development in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mashing temperature on the physicochemical parameters, fermentation capacity, and antioxidant capacity of Qingke wort.FindingsEthanol production and the real degree of fermentation decreased with increasing the temperature—S, while the real extract increased with increasing the temperature—S. A lower temperature—S proved to be more advantageous for the fermentation capacity of Qingke wort. In addition, a positive correlation between reducing power and the temperature—P and a negative correlation between the 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) free radical scavenging activity and the temperature—S were found.ConclusionThe fermentation capacity of Qingke wort was obtained the best when the temperature—P was 50°C and the temperature—S was 60°C. The antioxidant capacity of Qingke wort was satisfactory; the best was obtained when the temperature—P was 45°C and the temperature—S was 60°C.Significance and NoveltyThis is the first study to investigate the mashing characteristics of Qingke wort under different mashing temperatures. The results show that β‐glucan content was abundant in Qingke wort and was positively correlative with the temperature—S.
Pseudo dilated cardiomyopathy: Dilated cardiomyopathy‐like changes due to a combination of stuck mechanical mitral valve and coronary microvascular dysfunction—An autopsy case
Authors: Namura Sato , Matsuzoe Hiroki , Inaba Mayumi , Nishio Ryo , Matsumoto Daisuke , Takaishi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageThrombus formation in the microvessels and endocardium was suggestive of endothelial cell damage, myocardial ischemia, and a decreased coronary flow reserve. Sustained pulmonary hypertension due to thrombosis worsened the biventricular dysfunction.
One‐stage combined approach en bloc vertebrectomy for primary Ewing's sarcoma of mobile spine in an adult patient: 3 years following aggressive surgery for a rare entity
Authors: Gharbi Mohamed Amine , Chahed Houssem Eddine , Slama Sana Ben , Teborbi Anis , Bouzidi Ramzi , Nefiss Mouadh 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageCurrently, there is no consensus on the optimal management of nonmetastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the mobile spine. However, associated to chemotherapy, aggressive surgery with en bloc wide resection seems to improve local control and survival.AbstractPrimary Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) of non‐sacral spine is extremely rare, especially in middle‐age. Therapeutic strategy aims: to large tumor resection, to provide spine stability and to avoid recurrence through chemo and radiotherapy. We report a case of thoracic spine EWS in an adult treated by combined approach en bloc vertebrectomy.
Evaluation of Oxygen Carrier Performance in a Packed‐Bed Reactor during Chemical Looping Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Gao Guohui , Zhu Yaochen , Wang Shuai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) has attracted much attention owing to its simple operation, low carbon capture cost, and high hydrogen purity. The performance of oxygen carrier plays an important role in the CLHG. In this work, considering the variation of internal reaction and coke deposition inside the oxygen carrier during the CLHG process, a packed‐bed reactor model is established. The temperature, gas composition, and coke deposition distribution inside the particle and reactor are explored. The results indicate that the reaction progress of the oxygen carrier near the wall is slightly faster than that at the center. The overall conversion rate and coke accumulation of the oxygen carrier near the wall are greater than those at the center.
Energy efficiency optimization strategies for greenhouse‐based crop cultivation: A review
Authors: Kaur Arshdeep , Sonawane Vijay , Rosha Pali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWorldwide, food scarcity is becoming a debatable concern among the scientific fraternity due to the increased populace, leading to decreased arable land. This has compelled us to explore various innovative and technological solutions, for example, large‐scale greenhouse farming, to meet the surging demand for field production. In this context, research efforts have been continually made by various scientists and researchers to explore more control strategies/algorithms for keeping the indoor climate comfortable and enhancing the greenhouse's energy effectiveness. Considering this, an initiative was made to summarize the documented research findings in the last decade focusing on energy‐efficient greenhouse‐based crop cultivation. The findings of some studies considering selective parametric conditions have been presented in graphs/tables for reader clarity and discussion. Initially, the studies on existing energy efficient strategies, parameters, monitoring systems, sensing networks, and control algorithms have been discussed. A state of the art review found that control strategies are essential in low‐energy greenhouses since they influence crop yield and cost. It was observed that advanced control algorithms and energy conservation in greenhouses received more attention due to wide spread application, high compatibility, low‐cost, and user‐friendly operations. In terms of future perspectives, it is anticipated that the development of machine learning, big data, and artificial intelligence, combining these technologies with traditional and advanced control strategies would lead to a revolution in the management of greenhouse energy.
Oncogenic PIK3CA recruits myeloid‐derived suppressor cells to shape the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in luminal breast cancer through the 5‐lipoxygenase‐dependent arachidonic acid pathway
Authors: Li Xingchen , Chen Guidong , Wang Fanchen , Guo Xiaojing , Zhang Rui , Liu Pengpeng , Dong Li , Yu Wenwen , Wang Huan , Wang Hailong , Yu Jinpu 
Published: November 2023

Background: Oncogenic PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAmut) frequently occur in a higher proportion in luminal breast cancer (LBC), especially in refractory advanced cases, and are associated with changes in tumour cellular metabolism. Nevertheless, its effect on the progression of the immune microenvironment (TIME) within tumours and vital molecular events remains veiled.Methods: Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and single‐cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to describe the landscape of TIME in PIK3CAmut LBC. The PIK3CA mutant cell lines were established using CRISPER/Cas9 system. The gene expression levels, protein secretion and activity of signaling pathways were measured by real‐time RT‐PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining or western blotting. GSEA analysis, transwell chemotaxis assay, live cell imaging, flow cytometry metabolite analysis targeting arachidonic acid, Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to investigate the underlying function and mechanism of the PI3K/5‐LOX/LTB4 axis.Results: PIK3CAmut LBC cells can induce an immunosuppressive TIME by recruiting myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and excluding cytotoxic T cells via the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathway. Mechanistically, PIK3CAmut activates the transcription of 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) in a STAT3‐dependent manner, which in turn directly results in high LTB4 production, binding to BLT2 on MDSCs and promoting their infiltration. Since a suppressive TIME is a critical barrier for the success of cancer immunotherapy, the strategies that can convert “cold” tumours into “hot” tumours were compared. Targeted therapy against the PI3K/5‐LOX/LTB4 axis synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy achieved dramatic shrinkage in vivo.Conclusions: The results emphasize that PIK3CAmut can induce immune evasion by recruiting MDSCs through the 5‐LOX‐dependent AA pathway, and combination targeted therapy with ICB may provide a promising treatment option for refractory advanced LBC patients.
Growth differentiation factor‐15 and the effect of empagliflozin in heart failure: Findings from the EMPEROR program
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Packer Milton , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos , Pocock Stuart J. , Januzzi James L. , Sattar Naveed , Maldonado Sandra González , Panova‐Noeva Marina , Sumin Mikhail , Masson Serge , Anker Stefan D. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: November 2023

AimsGrowth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is upregulated in part in response to cardiomyocyte stretch and stress, and it exerts a protective role that is mediated by its action to suppress signalling through insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) and enhance signalling through adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve outcomes in heart failure, which has been experimentally linked to AMPK. This study aimed at evaluating the associations of GDF‐15 with baseline characteristics, the prognostic significance of GDF‐15, and the effect of empagliflozin on GDF‐15 in patients with heart failure with a reduced and preserved ejection fraction.Methods and resultsGrowth differentiation factor‐15 was determined in serum samples from the EMPEROR‐Reduced and EMPEROR‐Preserved trials. Cox regression and mixed models for repeated measures were used to study the association with outcomes and the effect of empagliflozin on GDF‐15, respectively. We studied 1124 patients (560 placebo and 564 empagliflozin) with median GDF‐15 levels at baseline of 2442 (interquartile range 1603–3780) pg/ml. Patients with higher GDF‐15 levels were typically older men with more severe symptoms, higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels, worse kidney function and who were prescribed metformin. Baseline levels of GDF‐15 were well correlated with levels of IGF‐binding protein 7 (rho = 0.64). Higher levels of GDF‐15 were independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalizations, and worse kidney outcomes. When considered as a continuous variable, for each doubling in GDF‐15, the adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization was 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.15–1.71; p < 0.001). The relative effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure was most pronounced in patients with higher baseline levels of GDF‐15 (interaction p‐trend = 0.031). At week 52, when compared with placebo, empagliflozin increased GDF‐15 by an additional 8% (p = 0.020), an effect that was primarily seen in patients not receiving metformin, a known AMPK activator.ConclusionsGrowth differentiation factor‐15 is a marker of worse heart failure severity, is an independent predictor of major heart failure outcomes and may be associated with more pronounced benefits of empagliflozin. GDF‐15 is increased among metformin users, and empagliflozin was associated with an increase in GDF‐15 levels, primarily in patients not receiving metformin.
Bifunctional Iodoazolium Salts: Searching for Cooperation Between Halogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Givaudan David , Biletskyi Bohdan , Recupido Antonio , Héran Virginie , Chuzel Olivier , Constantieux Thierry , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Bugaut Xavier 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon‐covalent interactions play an important role in all sub‐fields of chemistry, including catalysis, where interactions of different natures can work together to improve reactivitiy and selectivity. Several families of molecules that incorporate both hydrogen bond (HB) and halogen bonding (XB) donors have already been studied. However, there is a lack of data on how grafting HB donors to iodoazolium salts could impact their association and reactivity properties. Herein, we disclose the synthesis of a library of iodoazolium salts bearing varied HB donors, along with a study of their physico‐chemical properties using different techniques (X‐ray diffraction, 31P NMR, ITC) and their behavior in catalysis. Even though no clear‐cut evidence of cooperation between XB and HB could be obtained through physico‐chemical evaluations, a iodoazolium salt bearing a urea function displayed better conversion and product selectivity in a Ritter reaction than all other activators lacking one or the other function.
Design and experimental analysis of fractal antennae with ground‐defected structure for expected 6G and 5G mm‐wave communication and wireless applications
Authors: Raj Arun , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article proposes modified fractal antennae for wideband applications. The proposed antennas have a resonance frequency range of 10–40 GHz. Modified fractal antennae are designed and fabricated with a height of 1.6 mm, substrate width, and length of 35 mm2. The simulated result shows that the peak gain is increased by 6–8 dBi for the proposed designs DGS 1 and DGS 2 concerning fractal antennae FA 1 FA 2. Based on the proposed designs, the designed DGS 1 and DGS 2 antennae radiate power with a peak directivity of 8.58–13.3 in dBi concerning fractal antennae FA 1 FA 2. The proposed antennas with expected 6G and 5G NR bands have more radiation concerning resonate frequencies such as 14, 30, and 37 GHz, and 14, 17.1, 19.5, 30, 33.2, and 36.92 GHz in the 10–40 GHz range with Phi = 0°, Phi = 90°, and Theta = 90° concerning designs DGS 1 and DGS 2. At frequencies in the mm‐wave range, the antenna has more fluctuations, and current distribution is concentrated on fractal slots, in which antennas have more radiation. Proposed antennae have pencil beam properties required for advanced 5G mm‐wave communication. A more radiating antenna has a maximum return loss of 27 and 30 dB for designs DGS 1 and DGS 2, respectively. Moreover, the bandwidths covered in the 5G NR and expected 6G frequency ranges are 13.5–16.8 GHz, 27–38.1 GHz, and 12.63–14.68 GHz, 15.3–40 GHz, concerning designs DGS 1 and DGS 2. The proposed antennae have multiband, which cover more applications in the n257, n258, n259, n260, and n261 5G NR bands and expected 6G bands with the ground‐based radio navigation applications, and so forth. The proposed fabricated antennas also cover 5G and expected 6G applications with good matching. The proposed antennae have been simulated using CST, and the results of the fabricated antenna have been validated using the vector network analyzer, spectrum analyzer, and power sensor.
Performance comparison of alternative stochastic volatility models and its determinants in energy futures: COVID‐19 and Russia–Ukraine conflict features
Authors: Fernandes Mário Correia , Dias José Carlos , Nunes João Pedro Vidal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the volatility dynamics of futures contracts on crude oil, natural gas, and gasoline. An appropriate Bayesian model comparison exercise between seven stochastic volatility (SV) models is estimated using daily prices for our futures contracts between 2005 and 2023. Moreover, to assess the impacts of COVID‐19 and the Russia–Ukraine conflict on volatility, we analyze these two subsamples. Overall, we find that: (i) the Bayes factor shows that the SV model with ‐distributed innovations outperforms the competing models; (ii) crude oil contracts with different expiry dates may require the introduction of leverage effects; (iii) the ‐distributed innovations remain the appropriate model for the COVID‐19 subsample, while jumps are needed in the conflict period; and (iv) other Bayesian criteria more appropriate to short‐term predictive ability—such as the conditional and the observed‐date deviance information criterion—suggest other rank order to model our futures contracts, despite the agreements for the best models.
A rare case of perineal neuralgia treated with ultrasound‐guided nerve block combined with water separation
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Min , Jiang Rui , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong , Li Guang‐Cai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA middle‐aged man experienced intermittent acupuncture‐like pain in the skin of the right scrotum and medial thigh 1 month after undergoing laparoscopic high ligation of the right hernial sac for a right indirect inguinal hernia in November 2020, and the pain persisted for 6 months. Under ultrasound guidance, ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerve block and local adhesion water separation were performed with a mixture of 0.25% lidocaine (6 mL) plus prednisolone acetate (10 mg), and the same drugs and methods were repeated five times once a week. After five treatments, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was reduced from 7 before treatment to 1. During the follow‐up period, at 3 months after the end of treatment, the VAS score remained at 0, and this score was sustained at 0 even at the 6‐month follow‐up. These outcomes indicate that ultrasound‐guided nerve block combined with water separation technology can effectively alleviate neuralgia caused by surgical adhesion, which holds important clinical significance in managing such conditions.
Reflections on peripartum hysterectomy: A 10‐year retrospective observational study in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Shuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the change trends in incidence and leading factors to peripartum hysterectomy (PH) at a regional tertiary medical center in northeast China.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of all PH cases conducted at Shengjing Hospital between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2021. Information on maternal characteristics of pregnancy and delivery, indications of PH, inventions before hysterectomy, complications, and maternal and neonatal outcomes obtained from the Shengjing Hospital Information System were analyzed.ResultsAmong a total of 157 553 deliveries, there were 127 cases of PH (overall PH incidence: 0.85/1000 deliveries); 120 patients (94.49%) underwent hysterectomy after cesarean section, and seven (5.51%) underwent vaginal delivery (P < 0.001). Abnormal placentation was the leading indication for PH (101, 79.53%), including placenta previa (PP) with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) (93, 73.23%), PP alone (5, 3.94%), and PAS alone (3, 2.36%). Among the patients who underwent PH with abnormal placentation, 92.08% had at least one cesarean section (P < 0.001) and 20.19% had bladder injury (P = 0.044). All maternal deaths (n = 2) occurred in referral patients, and the maternal mortality rate was 1.57/100 hysterectomies.ConclusionAbnormal placentation was the primary indication for PH. For such patients, adequate assessment of their condition and complete communication are strongly recommended. The identification of high‐risk groups for postpartum hemorrhage, timely and effective rescue, and referral are equally important for avoiding PH.
Biodegradable AZ91 magnesium alloy/sirolimus/poly D, L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid‐based substrate for cardiovascular device application
Authors: Mohanta Monalisha , Ramdhun Yugesh , Thirugnanam Arunachalam , Gupta Ritvesh , Verma Devendra , Deepak Thirumalai , Babu Anju R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiodegradable drug‐eluting stents (DESs) are gaining importance owing to their attractive features, such as complete drug release to the target site. Magnesium (Mg) alloys are promising materials for future biodegradable DESs. However, there are few explorations using biodegradable Mg for cardiovascular stent application. In this present study, sirolimus‐loaded poly D, L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA)‐coated/ sirolimus‐fixed/AZ91 Mg alloy‐based substrate was developed via a layer‐by‐layer approach for cardiovascular stent application. The AZ91 Mg alloy was prepared through the squeeze casting technique. The casted AZ91 Mg alloy (Mg) was alkali‐treated to provide macroporous networks to hold the sirolimus and PLGA layers. The systematic characterization was investigated via electrochemical, optical, physicochemical, and in‐vitro biological characteristics. The presence of the Mg17Al12 phase in the Mg sample was found in the x‐ray diffraction system (XRD) spectrum which influences the corrosion behavior of the developed substrate. The alkali treatment increases the substrate's hydrophilicity which was confirmed through static contact angle measurement. The anti‐corrosion characteristic of casted‐AZ91 Mg alloy (Mg) was slightly less than the sirolimus‐loaded PLGA‐coated alkali‐treated AZ91 Mg alloy (Mg/Na/S/P) substrate. However, dissolution rates for both substrates were found to be controlled at cell culture conditions. Radiographic densities of AZ91 Mg alloy substrates (Mg, Mg/Na, and Mg/Na/S/P) were measured to be 0.795 ± 0.015, 0.742 ± 0.01, and 0.712 ± 0.017, respectively. The star‐shaped structure of 12% sirolimus/PLGA ensures the bioavailability of the drugs. Sirolimus release kinetic was fitted up to 80% with the “Higuchi model” for Mg samples, whereas Mg/Na/S/P showed 45% fitting with a zero‐order mechanism. The Mg/Na/S/P substrate showed a 70% antithrombotic effect compared to control. Further, alkali treatment enhances the antibacterial characteristic of AZ91 Mg alloy. Also, the alkali‐treated sirolimus‐loaded substrates (Mg/Na/S and Mg/Na/S/P) inhibit the valvular interstitial cell's growth significantly in in‐vitro. Hence, the results imply that sirolimus‐loaded PLGA‐coated AZ91 Mg alloy‐based substrate can be a potential candidate for cardiovascular stent application.
Electronic structure of Li1,2,3+,0,– and nature of the bonding in Li2,3+,0,–
Authors: Dunning Thom H. , Xu Lu T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe current study of the small lithium molecules Li2+,0,− and Li3+,0,− focuses on the nature of the bonding in these molecules as well as their structures and energetics (bond energies, ionization energies, and electron affinities). Valence CASSCF (2s,2p) calculations incorporate nondynamical electron correlation in the calculations, while the corresponding multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster calculations incorporate dynamical electron correlation. Treatment of nondynamical correlation is critical for properly describing the Li2,3+,0,− molecules as well as the Li− anion with dynamical correlation, in general, only fine‐tuning the predictions. All lithium molecules and ions are bound, with the Li3+ and Li2+ ions being the most strongly bound, followed by Li3−, Li2, Li2− and Li3. The minimum energy structures of Li3+,0,− are, respectively, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, and a linear structure. The results of SCGVB calculations are analyzed to obtain insights into the nature of the bonding in these molecules. An important finding of this work is that interstitial orbitals, a concept first put forward by McAdon and Goddard in 1985, play an essential role in the bonding of all lithium molecules considered here except for Li2. The interstitial orbitals found in the Li3+,0 molecules likely give rise to the non‐nuclear attractors/maxima observed in these molecules.