bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of well‐defined glycoconjugate polyacrylamides via preactivated polymers prepared by ATRP
Authors: Hu Zhicheng , Liu Ye , Hong Chunyan , Pan Caiyuan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPoly(N‐acryloxysuccinimide) (polyNAS) with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD) applicable for the preparation of well‐defined glycoconjugate polyacrylamides were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structures of polyNAS were characterized by 1H‐NMR and GPC. GPC results showed that the molecular weight polydispersity indices (PDI) range from 1.17 to 1.29. The molecular weights could be calculated based on 1H‐NMR results but GPC results of polyNAS by using 0.01M LiBr/DMF did not give accurate molecular weights, probably because of the complex interaction in the system. The effects of free N‐hydroxysuccimide produced in the polymerization processes on the free‐radical concentrations and apparent initiation efficiencies of ATRP were discussed. Well‐defined glycoconjugate polyacrylamides (i.e., with narrow molecular weight distributions and designed glycoconjugate degrees) were prepared by substituting N‐oxysuccimide units with galactosamine followed by reaction of ethanolamine. The galactose conjugate degrees were determined by 1H‐NMR and the total substitutions of N‐oxysuccimides were verified by 1H‐NMR and FTIR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 189–194, 2005
Modified carrageenan. 4. Synthesis and swelling behavior of crosslinked κC‐g‐AMPS superabsorbent hydrogel with antisalt and pH‐responsiveness properties
Authors: Pourjavadi A. , Hosseinzadeh H. , Mazidi R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo synthesize a novel biopolymer‐based superabsorbent hydrogel, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) was grafted onto kappa‐carrageenan (κC) backbones. The graft copolymerization reaction was carried out in a homogeneous medium and in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TMEDA) as an accelerator, and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. A proposed mechanism for κC‐g‐AMPS formation was suggested and the hydrogel structure was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy. The affecting variables on swelling capacity, i.e., the initiator, the crosslinker, and the monomer concentration, as well as reaction temperature, were systematically optimized. The swelling measurements of the hydrogels were conducted in aqueous solutions of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, and AlCl3. Due to the high swelling capacity in salt solutions, the hydrogels may be referred to as antisalt superabsorbents. The swelling of superabsorbing hydrogels was measured in solutions with pH ranging 1 to 13. The κC‐g‐AMPS hydrogel exhibited a pH‐responsiveness character so that a swelling–deswelling pulsatile behavior was recorded at pH 2 and 8. The overall activation energy for the graft copolymerization reaction was found to be 14.6 kJ/mol. The swelling kinetics of the hydrogels was preliminarily investigated as well. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 255–263, 2005
Einfluß des Kriechens und des Betonschwindens auf das Tragverhalten von Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbalken – Ein erweiterter Bemessungsvorschlag und dessen Anwendungsgrenzen
Authors: Schmidt Jörg , Lämmel Ralf , Reuter Carsten , Kaliske Michael 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen des Kriechens und des Betonschwindens auf das Tragverhalten der Verbundkonstruktion untersucht. Dabei wird die zeitliche Veränderung der Werkstoffeigenschaften in einem FE‐Modell erfaßt. Insbesondere die Berücksichtigung des Verhaltens von jungem Beton führt zu signifikanten Veränderungen des Tragverhaltens im Vergleich zu Verbundkonstruktionen mit vereinfacht konstant angenommenen elastischen Betoneigenschaften. Außerdem wird der Einfluß der Dauer und des Entlastungsprozesses einer temporären Montageunterstützung untersucht, um praxisrelevante Handlungsempfehlungen zu gewinnen. Der um die Verminderung des Tragvermögens infolge Betonschwindens erweiterte Bemessungsvorschlag erlaubt hingegen eine wirtschaftliche Bemessung und gewährleistet ein ausreichendes Sicherheitsniveau zum Versagenszustand.
Bahnsteigerweiterung der U6 unter dem neuen Rathaus in München – Spritzbetonvortrieb mit Vereisung
Authors: Fillibeck Jochen , Kellner Christian , Rieken Wolfgang , Scharrer Stephan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIm Rahmen der Infrastrukturmaßnahmen für den Bau des neuen Fußballstadions in Fröttmaning wurde es erforderlich, die Bahnsteige der U‐Bahnlinie U6 unter dem Rathaus in München zu erweitern. Nach dem Entwurf des Baureferats der Landeshauptstadt München wurde hierzu parallel und im direkten Anschluß an die beiden bestehenden Tunnelröhren je ein Tunnel in Spritzbetonbauweise unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen ausgeführt. Die Vortriebe liegen in einem vertikalen Abstand von ca. 10 m zum Münchner Rathaus. Zur Sicherung der Firste und zur Reduzierung der Verformungen wurden im Rahmen eines Sondervorschlags Vereisungsschirme vorgesehen, die von einem über der Firste befindlichen Pilotstollen aus hergestellt wurden.Für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung des Bauvorhabens war es entscheidend, welche Verformungen – Hebungen in der Gefrierphase und Setzungen während des Vortriebs – sich mit dem Baufortschritt einstellen. Dies wurde vorab anhand von Frostversuchen im Labor und mit FE‐Berechnungen untersucht. Durch einen Vergleich der Berechnungsergebnisse mit den umfangreichen Kraft‐ und Verformungsmessungen während des Vortriebs konnte zu jedem Zeitpunkt ein verformungsarmer Tunnelvortrieb mit tolerierbaren Baugrundverformungen sichergestellt werden.Im folgenden Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Berechnungen und Meßergebnisse zu den Baugrundverformungen und zur Wasserhaltung und die Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Frosthebungen erläutert. Ferner werden durch einen Vergleich der Bau‐ und Berechnungsweisen der alten Bestandstunnels mit dem neuen Erweiterungstunnel die mit der Spritzbetonbauweise einhergehenden Entwicklungen im Tunnelbau veranschaulicht.
Probleme und Lösungen beim Feuchtigkeitsschutz des Mauerwerks von Baudenkmälern am Beispiel zweier großer Barockbauten in Wrocław
Authors: Adamowski Józef , Hoła Jerzy , Matkowski Zygmunt 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn Polen sind die meisten aus Ziegeln gemauerten Baudenkmäler infolge fehlenden Wasser‐ und Feuchtigkeitsschutzes in schlechtem technischen Zustand und bedürfen unverzüglicher Instandsetzungsarbeiten. Das Wasser ist der größte Feind der Bauobjekte, insbesondere der Baudenkmäler. Die Hauptursache der Feuchtigkeit der Gebäude ist das Regenwasser, das aus dem Boden kapillar gezogene Wasser sowie das Wasser in der feuchten Luft, das von den porösen und feuchtigkeitsanziehenden Baustoffen aufgenommen wird. Die Planung und die spätere Herstellung eines richtigen und wirksamen Feuchtigkeitsschutzes in den Baudenkmälern ist eine schwierige Aufgabe, die spezifisches interdisziplinäres Wissen voraussetzt. Im Beitrag werden ausgewählte Probleme beschrieben, auf die man während der Herstellung des Feuchtigkeitsschutzes in zwei großen, in der Nähe der Odermündung gelegenen wertvollen Barockobjekten in Wrocław, das Hauptgebäude der Universität Wrocław und das Ossolinski‐Nationalinstitut, gestoßen ist.
Erweiterte Qualitätsprüfungen zum Nachweis ausreichender Betondeckung von bewehrten Bohrpfählen
Authors: Beckhaus Karsten , Vogt Norbert , Gehlen Christoph 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFür den “Tunnel Unterföhring” wurden von der Firma BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Bohrpfähle mit dem technisch noch jungen Doppelkopfsystem hergestellt. An den fertigen Bohrpfahlwänden von der Bauüberwachung durchgeführte Kontrollmessungen legten die Vermutung nahe, daß die vertrags‐ und normgerechte Betondeckung nicht gegeben sei. Mit einer weit über das übliche Maß hinausgehenden Qualitätsprüfung konnten im Rahmen einer gutachtlichen Beurteilung die Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Tunnels für die geplante Lebensdauer von 100 Jahren ohne Einschränkungen nachgewiesen werden, und nach Abschluß der Prüfungen konnte auf jegliche Sanierungsmaßnahmen verzichtet werden.Das Doppelkopfsystem ermöglicht das Herstellen einer verrohrten Bohrung durch gleichzeitiges Vortreiben von Bohrschnecke und Verrohrung in einem Arbeitsschritt. Der Beton wird anschließend durch das Seelenrohr der Schnecke eingebracht, während die mit dem Boden gefüllte Bohrschnecke und die Verrohrung kontinuierlich gezogen werden, und die Bewehrungskörbe werden nachträglich in den frischen Pfahlbeton eingestellt. Inzwischen wurden aufgrund der Erkenntnisse aus dieser Baumaßnahme geräte‐ und verfahrenstechnische nderungen am Doppelkopfsystem und beim Korbeinbau vorgenommen, welche die Qualitätssicherung verbessern und die Bohrpfahlherstellung nach dem neuesten Stand der Technik sicherstellen. So sind auch bei ungünstigen Randbedingungen Probleme und Fragestellungen – wie sie im folgenden Beitrag erläutert werden – zukünftig hinfällig.
Selective Extraction of Bioproducts by Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jian‐Ji Wang , Yuan‐Chao Pei , Yang Zhao , Suo‐Jiang Zhang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractImidazolium based room temperature ionic liquids have been used to extract selectively L‐tryptophan from fermentation broth. ${\rm B}{\rm F}^{-}_{4} $ anion was found to enhance dramatically the partitioning of L‐tryptophan into ionic liquid phase from aqueous solutions.
Structures and Properties of Nanometer Size Materials III. Structures and Physical Properties of Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Xiao‐Hua Li , Mei‐Hua Ma , Jin‐Fan Huang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMolecular dynamics computer simulation has been carried out to study the structure and physical properties of iron nanoparticles with 331 to 2133 Fe atoms or with diameter from 2.3 to 4.3 nm. The core of liquid nanodroplets has the similar structure of the bulk molten iron liquid that has an average coordination number around 10.5 and the packing density around 0.45, although the closest FeFe distance is slightly longer in the bulk liquid. Most of the iron nanoparticles formed from the cooling of molten nanodroplets have the same body center cubic crystal structure as it was observed in the bulk under the normal temperature and pressure. Lattice contraction was observed for iron nanoparticles. An amorphous solid and an HCP like solid were obtained accidentally during the quenching runs on Fe331 nanoparticles. The physical properties of iron nanoparticles such as molar volume, density, thermal expansion coefficient, melting point, heat of fusion, heat capacity and diffusion coefficient were estimated based on the results obtained from this simulation. The dependence of physical properties on the nanoparticle sizes was addressed.
Investigations on a New 2‐D Co(II) Framework with Reversed Triangular‐prism Shaped Units
Authors: Qing Chang , Xiang‐Ru Meng , Ying‐Lin Song , Hong‐Wei Hou 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTreatment of 1,1′‐(1,4‐butylene)bis‐1H‐benzimidazole) (bbbi) with CoSO4·7H2O afforded a novel metal‐organic polymer [Co(bbbi)1.5(SO4)]n (1), where the central Co(II) ions are bridged by bbbi ligands, leading to a two‐dimensional layer with reversed triangular‐prism shaped units. Each reversed triangular‐prism shaped unit is made up of six bbbi ligands and six cobalt atoms. Thermal analysis revealed that polymer 1 was stable below 147 °C, and oxidized and decomposed to Co2O3 at about 787 °C, and to CoO at about 914 °C.
Physicochemical Characterization of Veronicafolin‐β‐cyclodextrin and Solubility Enhancement of Veronicafolin‐HP‐β‐cyclodextrin Inclusion Compound
Authors: Yun‐Shang Yang , Ying‐Peng Zhang , Ai‐Mei Yang , Run‐Hua Lu , Yan‐Ping Shi , Gao‐Feng Shi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractInclusion complexation between veronicafolin, 3,5,4′‐trihydroxy‐6,7,3′‐trimethoxyflavone, and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was investigated by using1H NMR, IR, X‐ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis in the solid state. The elemental analysis showed that the complex (1:1) of flavonol‐β‐CD·20H2O with C 39.58% and H 5.75% has been formed. The phase solubility profile of the favonol by UV‐Vis in solution in the presence of hydroxypfropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) was classified as AL‐type, indicating the formation of 1:1 inclusion complex. And the calibration equationy=24148x+0.0075 (r=0.9999) and phase‐solubility diagram y=0.4738x‐2.0×10‐7(r=0.9490) were obtained. Stability constant Kswas calculated from the phase solubility diagram (Ks=4.5×106). Solubility of the veronicafolin was enhanced in the presence of HP‐β‐CD.
A New Hydroxo‐bridged Chromium(III) Dimer [Cr(saltn)OH]2·4H2O: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zhong‐Hai Ni , Yi‐Hua Zhao , Lei Zheng , Hui‐Zhong Kou , Ai‐Li Cui 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new hydroxo‐bridged dimeric Cr(III) complex [Cr(saltn)OH]2·4H2O [H2saltn=N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)trimethylenediamine] has been synthesized and its structural and magnetic properties have been investigated. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP‐1 with one dimeric formula unit in a cell of dimensions a=0.95828(19) nm, b=0.95926(19) nm, c=1.0437(2) nm, α=86.77(3)°, β=82.48(3)°, and γ=64.93(3)°. The geometry around each chromium(III) center is six‐coordinate, distorted‐octahedral. The bridging Cr2O2unit is strictly planar, as required by the crystallographic symmetry. The CrOCr′ bridging angle is 99.94(16)°, and the distance between Cr…Cr′ is 0.3019 nm. The magnetic susceptibility of the complex has been examined in the range of 2‐300 K. By using the spin‐spin coupled model for an S1=S2=3/2 dimeric system$({\hat H}=-2J{\hat S}_{1}{\hat S}_{2})$, the magnetic data were fitted to give the parameters ofg=2.01(1),J=‐0.85(2) cm‐1, and zJ' =0.18(3)cm‐1, indicating the presence of a weak antiferromagnetic spin‐exchange interaction between the Cr(III) ions in the binuclear complex.
Novel π‐Conjugated Poly(Schiff base) Containing Thiazole and Tetrathiatetrahydropentalene Moieties
Authors: Li‐Ming Jiang , Wei‐Lin Sun , Zhi‐Quan Shen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new kind of π‐conjugated heterocyclic poly(Schiff base) was firstly prepared by the condensation reaction between tetrathiatetrahydropentalene‐type diketone and bithiazole‐diamine in good yields. The polymers were characterized by VPO, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A large bathochromic shift was observed in UV‐Vis spectra for these polymers due to the π‐π* transition in the conjugated main chain. Brief examination indicated that the nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing polymers exhibited an excellent chelating tendency to metal ions and the corresponding polymeric complexes would be expected to have potential in applications.
Multiinstitutional European validation of the 2002 TNM staging system in conventional and papillary localized renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ficarra Vincenzo , Schips Luigi , Guillè François , Li Guorong , De La Taille Alexandre , Prayer Galetti Tommaso , Cindolo Luca , Novara Giacomo , Zigeuner Richard E. , Bratti Emiliano , Tostain Jacques , Altieri Vincenzo , Abbou Claude C. , Artibani Walter , Patard Jean‐Jacques 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study validated the 2002 edition of the TNM staging system in a multicenter, multinational European series of localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).METHODSThe authors analyzed the clinical data of 2217 patients who had undergone radical or partial nephrectomy for localized RCC in 7 urologic centers.RESULTSIn the current study, 1065 patients (48%) were classified as having pT1a disease, 771 (34.8%) were classified as having pT1b disease, and 381 (17.2%) were classified as having pT2 disease. Tumor histotype was conventional RCC in 1886 patients (85%), papillary in 182 (8.2%) patients, chromophobe in 64 (2.9%) patients, and unclassified in 85 (3.8%) patients. The mean follow‐up time was 65.36 ± 52.09 months. The 5 and 10‐year disease‐specific survival probabilities were 95.3% and 91.4% in patients with pT1a disease, 91.4% and 83.4% in patients with pT1b disease, and 81.6% and 75.2% in patients with pT2 disease (log‐rank test P value = 0.0000). The disease‐specific survival rates of patients with pT1a RCC were significantly higher than those recorded in patients with pT1b and pT2 RCC. Similarly, the disease‐specific survival probabilities of patients with pT1b RCCwere significantly better than those of patients with pT2 RCC. Analyzing the seven series individually, the 2002 TNM staging system provided appropriate stratification for only one series. The 2002 TNM staging system allowed significant stratification of the cancer‐related outcomes in the subgroup of patients with conventional RCC but not in those with papillary carcinomas.CONCLUSIONSThe application of the 2002 TNM staging system in the current multicenter series enabled the authors to demonstrate optimal stratification of patients with localized RCC. Stratifying by tumor histotype, the data coming from the whole group analysis were reconfirmed for clear cell RCC only. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Optimal treatment of intermediate‐risk prostate carcinoma with radiotherapy
Authors: Nichol Alan M. , Warde Padraig , Bristow Robert G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe clinical heterogeneity of intermediate‐risk prostate carcinoma presents a challenge to urologic oncology in terms of prognosis and management. There is controversy regarding whether patients with intermediate‐risk prostate carcinoma should be treated with dose‐escalated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (e.g., doses > 74 gray [Gy]), or conventional‐dose EBRT (e.g., doses < 74 Gy) combined with androgen deprivation (AD). Data for this review were identified through searches for articles in MEDLINE and in conference proceedings, indexed from 1966 to 2004. Currently, the intermediate‐risk prostate carcinoma grouping is defined on the basis of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), tumor classification (T classification), and Gleason score. Emerging evidence suggests that additional prognostic information may be derived from the percentage of positive core needle biopsies at the time of diagnosis and/or from the pretreatment PSA doubling time. Novel prognostic biomarkers include protein expression relating to cell cycle control, cell death, DNA repair, and intracellular signal transduction. Preclinical data support dose escalation or combined AD with radiation as a means to increase prostate carcinoma cell kill. There is Level I evidence that patients with intermediate‐risk prostate carcinoma benefit from dose‐escalated EBRT or AD plus conventional‐dose EBRT. However, clinical evidence is lacking to support the uniform use of AD plus dose‐escalated EBRT. Patients in the intermediate‐risk group should be entered into well designed, randomized clinical trials of dose‐escalated EBRT and AD with sufficient power to address biochemical failure and cause‐specific survival endpoints. These studies should be stratified by novel prognostic markers and accompanied by strong translational endpoints to address clinical heterogeneity and to allow for individualized treatment. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
MDM2 as a predictor of prostate carcinoma outcome
Authors: Khor Li‐Yan , DeSilvio Michelle , Al‐Saleem Tahseen , Hammond M. Elizabeth , Grignon David J. , Sause William , Pilepich Michael , Okunieff Paul , Sandler Howard , Pollack Alan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe MDM2 oncoprotein promotes p53 degradation via ubiquitin, establishing negative feedback control of p53 and consequently affecting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The authors evaluated the association between MDM2 expression and local failure, distant metastasis (DM), cause‐specific mortality, and overall mortality in men treated in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 8610 with radiotherapy, with or without androgen deprivation.METHODSOf the 456 eligible and analyzable patients (parent cohort), adequate archival diagnostic tissue specimens from 108 patients were available for MDM2 analysis (MDM2 cohort). Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis (MVA) was used to determine the relation of MDM2 to the endpoints. MDM2 overexpression was manually classified as > 5% nuclear staining. An image analysis system was also used to quantify the proportion of tumor nuclei with MDM2 staining (ACIS index) and staining intensity.RESULTSOverexpression of MDM2 by manual counts was seen in 44% (n = 47) of the patients. In the manual count analysis, there was no significant relation between MDM2 overexpression and outcome. The ACIS index, using a cutoff point defined by the median value, ≤ 3% versus > 3%, was related to 5‐year DM rates in univariate analyses (32.6% vs. 45.8%; P = 0.057) and MVA (P = 0.06). The intensity of MDM2 staining was not significant.CONCLUSIONSMDM2 expression quantified by image analysis was weakly associated with DM. The cohort examined was relatively small and with larger patient numbers, MDM2 overexpression may emerge as a more significant covariate. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
CCI‐779 in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Margolin Kim , Longmate Jeffrey , Baratta Tracey , Synold Tim , Christensen Scott , Weber Jeffrey , Gajewski Thomas , Quirt Ian , Doroshow James H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCCI‐779 is an analog of the immunosuppressive agent, rapamycin, that has demonstrated activity against melanoma in preclinical models and shown clinical benefit in patients with breast and renal carcinoma. CCI‐779 is not immunosuppressive when administered on an intermittent schedule, and its toxicity is modest, consisting of nausea, diarrhea, hypertriglyceridemia, thrombocytopenia, asthenia, and follicular dermatitis.METHODSThe current trial was designed to detect a median time to disease progression of >18 weeks in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with a 250‐mg weekly dose of CCI‐779 administered intravenously after diphenhydramine premedication. Patients with measurable disease, no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease, and normal organ function were eligible, and patients with central nervous system involvement, P450‐inducing or P450‐suppressing drugs, or hypertriglyceridemia were excluded.RESULTSThirty‐three patients (21 males) were treated, 21 of whom had been treated previously with chemotherapy and/or biologic agents for advanced‐stage disease. One patient had a partial response lasting 2 months. The median time to disease progression and overall survival were 10 weeks and 5 months, respectively. Toxicity was mild and predominantly mucocutaneous (stomatitis, diarrhea, and rash). Hyperlipidemia was cumulative and was managed with lipid‐lowering agents.CONCLUSIONSCCI‐779 was not sufficiently active in melanoma to warrant further testing as a single agent. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.