bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Chirality Transfer from Circularly Polarized Light to Single Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Seunghoon , Fan Chenghao , Movsesyan Artur , Bürger Johannes , Wendisch Fedja J. , de S. Menezes Leonardo , Maier Stefan A. , Ren Haoran , Liedl Tim , Besteiro Lucas V. , Govorov Alexander O. , Cortés Emiliano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to their broken symmetry, chiral plasmonic nanostructures have unique optical properties and numerous applications. However, there is still a lack of comprehension regarding how chirality transfer occurs between circularly polarized light (CPL) and these structures. Here, we thoroughly investigate the plasmon‐assisted growth of chiral nanoparticles from achiral Au nanocubes (AuNCs) via CPL without the involvement of any chiral molecule stimulators. We identify the structural chirality of our synthesized chiral plasmonic nanostructures using circular differential scattering (CDS) spectroscopy, which is correlated with scanning electron microscopy imaging at both the single‐particle and ensemble levels. Theoretical simulations, including hot‐electron surface maps, reveal that the plasmon‐induced chirality transfer is mediated by the asymmetric distribution of hot electrons on achiral AuNCs under CPL excitation. Furthermore, we shed light on how this plasmon‐induced chirality transfer can also be utilized for chiral growth in bimetallic systems, such as Ag or Pd on AuNCs. The results presented here uncover fundamental aspects of chiral light‐matter interaction and have implications for the future design and optimization of chiral sensors and chiral catalysis, among others.
Effective production of β‐sitosteryl oleate using a highly thermal‐tolerant immobilized lipase in a solvent‐free system
Authors: Chen Kexin , Liu Xuan , Ouyang Bo , Lan Dongming , Wang Yonghua 
Published: January 2024

Abstractβ‐Sitosteryl oleate, renowned for its diverse beneficial bioactivities, holds significant promise as a potential ingredient in functional foods. This study reports the superior performance of β‐sitosteryl oleate facilitated by lipase UM1 (lipase from marine Streptomyces sp. W007, immobilized on XAD1180 resin) as a biocatalyst in a solvent‐free system, in comparison to commercial enzymes Novozym 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica, immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin), Lipozyme TL IM (lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, immobilized on a non‐compressible silica gel carrier), and Lipozyme RM IM (lipase from Rhizomucor miehei, immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin). Remarkably, an over 98% yield was achieved under the optimal conditions: a substrate molar ratio of β‐sitosterol to oleic acid of 1:4, lipase loading of 150 U, and a reaction temperature of 60°C. The process exhibited substantial resilience and effectiveness, maintaining a degree of esterification above 95% even after five recycles. Following this, the synthesis was successfully scaled up by 100‐fold, with the product isolated through molecular distillation and confirmed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analytical techniques. These results underscore lipase UM1 as a promising catalyst for the industrial‐scale synthesis of β‐sitosteryl oleate, fostering expanded avenues for its utilization in the functional food industry.
Grafting modification bamboo kraft lignin and its performance in rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Lu Weimiao , Jin Zhenfu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (IFR), bamboo kraft lignin (BKL) was chemically functionalized by grafting melamine (MEL) and diethyl phosphite (DEP) and used for rigid polyurethane (RPU) foam. The BKL, MEL, and DEP in IFR system were used as char forming agent, gas, and acid source, respectively. The FTIR and XPS results indicated that the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) containing BKL was successfully synthesized. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of N‐BKL and N/P‐BKL RPU foams were higher than BKL RPU foam, suggesting that N‐BKL and N/P‐BKL improved flame retardancy of the foams. The total heat release (THR), heat release rate (HRR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), and fire growth rate (FIGRA) values of N‐BKL and N/P‐BKL RPU foams were much lower than that of BKL RPU foam. The flame retardancy index value of N/P‐BKL RPU foams was higher comparing to N‐BKL RPU foam. These results indicated that the synergistic interaction between N containing compound of MEL and P containing compound of DEP led to the improvement flame retardant properties. Comparing to BKL RPU foam, the N/P‐BKL RPU foam increased 74°C of maximum weight loss temperature and decreased 18.1 wt% of mass loss, indicating enhanced thermal stability. The morphology of char after cone calorimeter testing showed the N/P‐BKL RPU foam presented more continuous and compact char residues, which could reduce heat and mass transfer, protecting underlying materials from further combustion in a fire, thus resulting in good flame retardancy and thermal stability properties. This work suggests a promising route to enhancing the flame‐retardant performance of RPU foam using nontoxic and more environmentally friendly grafted bamboo lignin.
Enhancing mechanical and shape memory properties of polylactide/polyamide elastomer blends via reactive blending with a chain extender
Authors: Long Yunrui , Li Rongbo , Li Haochen , Dong Xia , Xing Qian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe structure and properties of incompatible polylactide (PLA)/polyamide elastomer (PAE) blends were tailored by a chain extender specifically the styrene–glycidyl acrylate copolymer Joncryl ADR4368 (ADR). Various PLA/PAE/ADR blends with different compositions were prepared by melt blending, and their morphology, crystallization behavior, and mechanical and the shape memory properties were systematically investigated. The results showed a uniform dispersion of PAE particles in the PLA matrix for the PLA blends with a reduction in particle size upon the addition of ADR. The crystallization of PLA was retarded, which was confirmed by a decrease in the melt crystallization temperature and an increase in cold crystallization temperature in the PLA/PAE/ADR blends. Rheological analysis showed an improvement in the melt elasticity of the PLA/PAE binary blend due to the presence of ADR, possibly attributed to the formation of long‐chain‐branched copolymers at the interface. Notably, the PLA/PAE/ADR blend exhibited superior toughness, featuring an elongation at break of 288% and a notched impact strength of 37 kJ·m−2, along with a high shape memory fixation rate and recovery rate when the ADR content was 1 wt%. Furthermore, the underlying toughening mechanism was elucidated. This work may offer an industrially scalable relevant model to fabricate high‐performance PLA materials.
Correlations of single‐point parameters of linear rheology and molecular weight distribution of polypropylene homo‐ and copolymers
Authors: Gschwendner Georg , Gitsas Antonis , Gahleitner Markus , Moser Patrick , Paulik Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor various purposes, it is required to compress the shape of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymers into a limited set of parameters. With increasing molecular weight and polydispersity, the MWD data obtained from chromatography become increasingly unreliable due to deficiencies in the high molecular weight region, making estimation via melt rheology more preferable. A number of empirical parameters obtained from melt rheology can be related back to MWD parameters. The target of this study is to establish the reliability of such relations for polypropylene homo‐ and copolymers. It is found that correlations between polydispersity from rheological crossover modulus and polydispersity via chromatography are not always valid. Therefore, the range of applicability must be kept in mind when attempting predictions based on these correlations because rheological measurements are sensitive to molecular characteristics in ways different from chromatography. The use of a modified polydispersity index is shown to be more reliable.
A hybrid molecular dynamics/machine learning framework to calculate the viscosity and thermal conductivity of Ar, Kr, Xe, O, and Ν
Authors: Stavrogiannis Christos , Tsioulos Vasilis , Sofos Filippos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and machine learning (ML) methods are combined to obtain the transport properties, such as viscosity and thermal conductivity, of five basic elements, which are computationally hard to obtain at the nanoscale and extremely demanding to estimate accurately through an experimental procedure. Starting from an experimental database from literature sources, we extend the (P‐T) space on which the transport properties are calculated by employing MD simulations and ML predictions, in a synergistic mode. Results refer to all fluid states (gas, liquid, supercritical), under ambient and supercritical conditions, suggesting an alternative path that can be accurately followed to bypass expensive experiments and costly numerical simulations. Nine different ML algorithms are exploited and assessed on their prediction ability, with tree‐based architectures achieving increased accuracy on the implied data set. The proposed computational platform runs fast in a common python Jupyter environment, both for MD and ML, and can be adjusted and extended for the calculation of material properties both in interpolation and extrapolation applications.
Experimental astronomical observation using a lobster eye optics
Authors: Stieglitz Veronika , Stieglitz Dirk , Hudec René , Jelinek Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA lobster eye (LE) is a wide‐field type of X‐ray optics, which provides a large field of view at the expense of angular resolution. The optics presented in this paper are the LE optics in Schmidt arrangement made from glass sheets with golden reflective coatings. It was used as a scientific payload on the WRXR rocket experiment. Before the mission itself, the optics was tested on ground to obtain more information about its behavior. Part of these tests were several nights of observation at the Ondrejov observatory. We used the optics in combination with a CMOS camera to acquire images in visible light of various bright sources in the sky. In order to enable long‐time exposures, the robotic mount of the BART telescope was used. The goal of this experiment was to confirm the focal length of the optics using a source at infinity, and to show how the optics, designed for X‐ray observations, performs in visible light. This brief article describes the methods used for evaluation and presents and discusses the results obtained within the night observation experiment.
Engineering of a decellularized bovine skin coated with antibiotics‐loaded electrospun fibers with synergistic antibacterial activity for the treatment of infectious wounds
Authors: Alizadeh Sanaz , Majidi Jila , Jahani Mozhgan , Esmaeili Zahra , Nokhbedehghan Zeinab , Aliakbar Ahovan Zahra , Nasiri Hajar , Mellati Amir , Hashemi Ali , Chauhan Narendra Pal Singh , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn ideal antibacterial wound dressing with strong antibacterial behavior versus highly drug‐resistant bacteria and great wound‐healing capacity is still being developed. There is a clinical requirement to progress the current clinical cares that fail to fully restore the skin structure due to post‐wound infections. Here, we aim to introduce a novel two‐layer wound dressing using decellularized bovine skin (DBS) tissue and antibacterial nanofibers to design a bioactive scaffold with bio‐mimicking the native extracellular matrix of both dermis and epidermis. For this purpose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) solution was loaded with antibiotics (colistin and meropenem) and electrospun on the surface of the DBS scaffold to fabricate a two‐layer antibacterial wound dressing (DBS‐PVA/CS/Abs). In detail, the characterization of the fabricated scaffold was conducted using biomechanical, biological, and antibacterial assays. Based on the results, the fabricated scaffold revealed a homogenous three‐dimensional microstructure with a connected pore network, a high porosity and swelling ratio, and favorable mechanical properties. In addition, according to the cell culture result, our fabricated two‐layer scaffold surface had a good interaction with fibroblast cells and provided an excellent substrate for cell proliferation and attachment. The antibacterial assay revealed a strong antibacterial activity of DBS‐PVA/CS/Abs against both standard strain and multidrug‐resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Our bilayer antibacterial wound dressing is strongly suggested as an admirable wound dressing for the management of infectious skin injuries and now promises to advance with preclinical and clinical research.
Disparities in care of older adults of color with cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Dotan Efrat , Lynch Shannon M. , Ryan Joanne C. , Mitchell Edith P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis review describes the barriers and challenges faced by older adults of color with cancer and highlights methods to improve their overall care. In the next decade, cancer incidence rates are expected to increase in the United States for people aged ≥65 years. A large proportion will be older adults of color who often have worse outcomes than older White patients. Many issues contribute to racial disparities in older adults, including biological factors and social determinants of health (SDOH) related to healthcare access, socioeconomic concerns, systemic racism, mistrust, and the neighborhood where a person lives. These disparities are exacerbated by age‐related challenges often experienced by older adults, such as decreased functional status, impaired cognition, high rates of comorbidities and polypharmacy, poor nutrition, and limited social support. Additionally, underrepresentation of both patients of color and older adults in cancer clinical research results in a lack of adequate data to guide the management of these patients. Use of geriatric assessments (GA) can aid providers in uncovering age‐related concerns and personalizing interventions for older patients. Research demonstrates the ability of GA‐directed care to result in fewer treatment‐related toxicities and improved quality of life, thus supporting the routine incorporation of validated GA into these patients' care. GA can be enhanced by including evaluation of SDOH, which can help healthcare providers understand and address the needs of older adults of color with cancer who face disparities related to their age and race.
Opportunistic lung cancer screening with low‐dose computed tomography in National Cancer Center of China: The first 14 years' experience
Authors: Tang Wei , Liu Li , Huang Yao , Zhao Shijun , Wang Jianwei , Liang Min , Jin Yujing , Zhou Lina , Liu Ying , Tang Yanyan , Xu Zhijian , Zhang Kai , Tan Fengwei , Bi Nan , Wang Zhijie , Wang Fei , Li Ni , Wu Ning 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn China, over 50% of lung cancer cases occur in nonsmokers. Thus, identifying high‐risk individuals for targeted lung cancer screening is crucial. Beyond age and smoking, determining other risk factors for lung cancer in the Asian population has become a focal point of research. Using 30,000 participants in the prospectively enrolled cohort at China's National Cancer Center (NCC) over the past 14 years, we categorized participants by risk, with an emphasis on nonsmoking females.Materials and MethodsBetween November 2005 and December 2019, 31,431 individuals voluntarily underwent low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans for lung cancer screening at the NCC. We recorded details like smoking history, exposure to hazards, and family history of malignant tumors. Using the 2019 NCCN criteria, participants were categorized into high‐, moderate‐, and low‐risk groups. Additionally, we separated non‐high‐risk groups into female never smokers (aged over 40) exposed to second‐hand smoke (SHS) and others. Any positive results from initial scans were monitored per the I‐ELCAP protocol (2006), and suspected malignancies were addressed through collaborative decisions between patients and physicians. We analyzed and compared the detection rates of positive results, confirmed lung cancers, and cancer stages across risk, age, and gender groups.ResultsOut of 31,431 participants (55.9% male, 44.1% female), 3695 (11.8%) showed positive baseline LDCT scans with 197 (0.6%; 106 females, 91 males) confirmed as lung cancer cases pathologically. Malignancy rate by age was 0.1% among those aged under 40 years, 0.4% among those aged 40–49 years, 0.8% among those aged 50–59 years, and 1.2% among those aged 60 years and older. From the 25,763 participants (56.9% male, 43.1% female) who completed questionnaires, 1877 (7.3%) were categorized as high risk, 6500 (25.2%) as moderate risk, and 17,386 (67.5%) as low risk. Of the 23,886 in the non‐high‐risk category, 8041 (33.7%) were females over 40 years old exposed to SHS. The high‐risk group showed the highest lung cancer detection rate at 1.4%. However, females exposed to SHS had a notably higher detection rate than the rest of the non‐high‐risk group (1.1% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.0001). In this cohort, 84.8% of the detected lung cancers were at an early stage.ConclusionsIn our study, using LDCT for lung cancer screening proved significant for high‐risk individuals. For non‐high‐risk populations, LDCT screening could be considered for nonsmoking women with exposure to SHS.
Effect of Herniarin on Cell Viability, Cell Cycle, and Erk Protein Levels in Different Stages of Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Sanci Tuba Ozdemir , Terzi Emine , Oz Bedir Beyza Ecem , Gumustas Mehmet , Aydin Tuba , Cakir Ahmet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the potential of herniarin from tarragon, as an agent with multifaceted effects on bladder cancer cells and investigates herniarin‘s impact on cell viability, migration, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and Erk signaling pathways in bladder cancer cell lines, including RT‐112 (grade 1, non‐invasive), HTB9 (grade 2, invasive), and HT1376 (grade 3, invasive), through comprehensive in vitro experiments. The compound causes cell cycle arrest at distinct phases in different cell lines: G1/S arrest in RT112 cells, G2/M arrest in HTB9 cells, and S phase arrest in HT1376 cells. Furthermore, herniarin induces caspase‐mediated apoptosis in various cell lines and simultaneously modulates protein levels of apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic proteins, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent. Herniarin's influence also extends to Erk signaling, a crucial pathway that regulates cell growth and differentiation. In conclusion, this study reveals herniarin‘s potential as a versatile agent in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Micro‐Morphology characterization and HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS Analysis of Floral parts of Quararibea funebris (La Llave) Vischer, traditionally known as Rosita de Cacao
Authors: González‐Anduaga Gloria Melisa , Adams Sebastian John , Dueñas‐Deyá Alexander , Pérez‐Vásquez Araceli , Avula Bharathi , Katragunta Kumar , Khan Ikhlas A. , Navarrete Andrés 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe flowers of Quararibea funebris are used to make a traditional drink called tejate, to which they add aroma, flavor and consistency. The study aims to profile the morphoanatomy of the floral parts of Q. funebris and analyze the changes in its volatile chemical composition during the drying process from 0 to 180 days by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS. The calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium have distinct characteristics, such as non‐glandular fused stellate trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals, and large secretory ducts. Histochemical localization reveals the presence of mucilage and total lipids in all parts of the flower. The chemical analysis of the essential oil, extracted from the flowers, showed that transfarnesol and geraniol were the most abundant compounds, with a yield of 0.04 %. HS‐SPME analysis indicated that fresh flowers had a more complex composition than dried ones. In total, 31 components were identified. Nonanal and geranyl acetone were found to be distinctive components of dried flowers. Microscopic examination helps in identifying and authenticating raw materials and also reveals the presence of secretory ducts in all floral parts, which is a distinctive feature. The chemical profile of volatiles provides an important parameter for the evaluation of the quality of Rosita de Cacao raw materials.
Reusing Waste to Save Our Water: Regenerable Bioadsorbents for Effective Oil Sequestration
Authors: Machado Avryl Anna , Mulky Lavanya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs climate change and environmental damage in the world are rising, the need for efficient waste management and purification is ever‐increasing. At present, the existence of oil in water constitutes a large proportion of this pollution. This oil comes from various sources, including effluents released by industries and oil spills. As such, the removal of oil from marine waters is crucial to combat pollution and preserve the ecology. Bioadsorption has emerged as an efficient method, but the sustainability and eco‐friendliness of this method are yet to be seen. This review summarizes the removal of different types of oil from the marine environment using bioadsorption, i.e., adsorption by biological materials. It briefly describes the adsorption mechanism by means of various bioadsorbents with oil. The preparation and performance of different types of bioadsorbents used in industries are discussed, along with some examples of bioadsorbents that can be applied for the removal of various oils from water. Also, an overview of the regeneration of the adsorbent by various methods is given.
Direct Functionalization of Polysaccharide‐Based Xylan Phenyl Carbonate Nanoparticles with Tumor Cell Specific Antibodies
Authors: Bilemjian Vrouyr , Lin Yusheng , Wan Wei , Egri Gabriella , Huls Gerwin , Heinze Thomas , Bremer Edwin , Gericke Martin , Dähne Lars 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn efficient and easy‐to‐use approach is presented for obtaining biocompatible polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles (NP) that can act as tumor‐specific drug delivery agents. Two antibodies are directly immobilized onto reactive xylan phenyl carbonate (XPC) NP; namely Cetuximab (CTX) that binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Atezolizumab (ATZ) that binds to programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). High coupling efficiency (up to 100 %) are achieved without any pre‐activation and no aggregation occurs during antibody immobilization. By quartz crystal microbalance experiments with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D), flow cytometry assays, and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging it is demonstrated that the functionalized XPC‐NP specifically bind to cells carrying the corresponding antigens. Moreover, the NP retain the antibody specific bioactivities (growth inhibition for CTX and induction of T‐cell cytotoxicity for ATZ).