bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is White Evangelical Antistructural Theology Related to Poor Health Outcomes?
Authors: KINDIG DAVID A. , ARIFFIN YASMIN MOHD , OLSON‐WILLIAMS HANNAH 
Published: January 2024

Policy Points
White evangelical theology has an “antistructural” component.
Counties with a high percentage of White evangelicals have higher mortality rates and more persons with fair/poor health. The potential influence of antistructural components in evangelical theology on decision making and resource allocation and, ultimately, the length and quality of life of community members presents a point of intervention for religious leaders and policymakers to improve population health.
ContextStructural factors are important determinants of health. Because antistructuralism has been identified as a tenet of White evangelical theology, we explored if there is an association of the percentage of White evangelicals in a US county with two county health outcomes: premature mortality and percentage of fair/poor health.MethodsRegression analysis was performed with data from 2022 County Health Rankings and the American Value Atlas from the Public Religion Research Institute.FindingsEvery percent of evangelicals in a county is associated with 4.01 more premature deaths per 100,000 population and 0.13% fair/poor health. After controlling for income, education, political ideology, and county school funding adequacy (a proxy for antistructuralism), the associations remain positive and significant.ConclusionsWe hope these findings could inform dialogue and critical analysis among individuals of evangelical faith, particularly fundamental and Pentecostal subsets, regarding a belief system that is inclusive of individual dimensions and health‐promoting structural policies like school funding, Medicaid expansion, and antipoverty programs. These findings also demonstrate the importance of considering cultural factors like religion and political ideology in population health outcomes research.
Real‐world survival outcomes of immunotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A single‐center retrospective review
Authors: Punchhi Gopika , Hussein Abdulkadir , Kulkarni Swati 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Clinical trials have demonstrated that first‐line immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy improves overall survival. However, reports of survival outcomes in real‐world settings are limited. We assessed survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy in first‐ or second‐line at the Windsor Regional Cancer Program (WRCP) and compared it to existing literature.MethodsWe included patients diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC from January 2015 to December 2020 and treated with first‐line chemoimmunotherapy (ChemoImmuno1), chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy (Chemo1), or immunotherapy followed by chemotherapy (Immno1) in our survival analysis. Patients with oncogene‐addicted mutations were excluded.ResultsThere were 160 patients of which 41.5% were female. Mean age was 68 years. Median overall survival from time of diagnosis was 474 days (95% CI: 249, 949) with an estimated 5‐year survival of 11.1% (95% CI: 4.5, 21.3). Median OS in ChemoImmuno1 was 9.6 months, in Chemo1 was 19.2 months from time of diagnosis and 10.5 months from time of initiation of immunotherapy, and in Immuno1 was 18.4 months, respectively. Estimated survival at three years from time of diagnosis for ChemoImmuno1 was 17.6% and for Immuno1 was 17.9%. For Chemo1, from diagnosis it was 20.1% and from second‐line therapy it was 15.4%. Survival outcomes were comparable to clinical trials and other studies.ConclusionReal‐world survival outcomes of immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC are comparable to the existing literature in this single center study.
Dose response relationship between lithium serum levels during pregnancy and birth outcomes
Authors: Schrijver Lisanne , Kamperman Astrid M. , Bijma Hilmar , van Kamp Inge L. , Wesseloo Richard , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , Bergink Veerle , Poels Eline M. P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionLithium use during pregnancy reduces the risk of mood episodes in the perinatal period for women with bipolar disorder. Some previous studies found deleterious effects of intrauterine lithium exposure on birth outcomes, yet little is known about a dose response relationship. The current study investigated the influence of maternal lithium serum levels on birth outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included women with a bipolar spectrum disorder who were referred to a specialized psychiatric and obstetric outpatient clinic from 2003 to 2019 and used lithium during the entire pregnancy. For 101 pregnancies at least one lithium level during pregnancy was available. A weighted average lithium level was calculated for the entire pregnancy, as well as for each trimester. Detailed information on maternal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes were retrieved from the medical records. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between weighted average lithium level and pregnancy duration, birth weight percentiles, preterm birth and large for gestational age births (LGA). In subsequent exploratory analyses, we studied the role of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) as a mediator in the found associations.ResultsThe weighted average lithium serum level during pregnancy was negatively associated with pregnancy duration and positively with preterm birth, but not with birth weight percentile or LGA. In exploratory analyses, TSH and T4 did not mediate the association between average lithium serum level and pregnancy duration.ConclusionThe results of this cohort study during pregnancy indicate a dose response relationship between maternal lithium serum levels and pregnancy duration.
Study on the clinical value of Vitamin D in recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Du Wenqi , Ye Chao , Lin Yunjun , Zhai Hongbo , Xia Jianmei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the possible pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) caused by vitamin D (VD), provides evidence‐based bases for prevention and treatment of RSA, improves female reproductive health.MethodsThis study randomly selected 305 patients without spontaneous abortion (SA0), 216 patients with a spontaneous abortion (SA1) and 200 patients with RSA from 1421 women of childbearing age who visited the RSA specialty clinic of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 to conduct a prospective clinical study. Then, we collected the data of clinical diagnosis and treatment, conducted intervention and follow‐up, and finally executed statistical analysis.Results(1) RSA patients were significantly older than the other two groups. (2) The rates of VD deficiency in SA1 and RSA patients were significantly higher than those in SA0. (3) When BMI < 20 or > 24 kg/m2, there were abnormal increase in VD and increased number of spontaneous abortions. (4) The bilateral S/D of the VD‐sufficient, VD‐insufficient and VD‐deficient groups gradually increased with statistical significance (p ≤ .018). (5) Among the 65 cases undergoing embryo chromosome examinations, chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 55.38% and 69.05% in RSA patients. (6) Among 186 patients with abnormal ACA, there was a certain negative correlation between ACA and VD, which was stronger among RSA patients. Moreover, ACA significantly decreased (p < .001) after effectively supplementing VD, and the miscarriage rate of re‐pregnancy also decreased.ConclusionThe rate of VD deficiency is higher in RSA patients. VD deficiency may be related to the age of women of childbearing age and too low or high BMI, and may cause abnormal plasma antiphospholipid antibodies, increased uterine artery resistance and abnormal chromosomal division during fertilization, leading to spontaneous abortion and even RSA. The improvement of VD deficiency may reduce the risk of RSA occurrence.
A novel response model and target selection method with applications to marketing
Authors: Cai Y. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryResponse models used in marketing are not always constructed for later marketing optimisation, which often results in unsatisfactory results in target selection for future marketing activities. To solve this problem, we develop a new binary response model and a new marketing target selection method. The proposed model can predict multiple propensity scores per customer through customer‐specific propensity score distributions, which is not possible with existing response models, filling a gap in the literature. The target selection method can determine the best propensity scores from those predicted by the proposed model and use them to select customers for further marketing activities. Our simulation results and application to real marketing data confirm that the performance of the proposed model in target selection is significantly better than that of the existing models, including some popular machine learning methods, which indicate that our method can be very useful in practice.
Muscle fibre mitochondrial [Ca2+] dynamics during Ca2+ waves in RYR1 gain‐of‐function mouse
Authors: Gaglianone Rhayanna B. , Launikonis Bradley S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimA fraction of the Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) enters mitochondria to transiently increase its [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]mito). This transient [Ca2+]mito increase may be important in the resynthesis of ATP and other processes. The resynthesis of ATP in the mitochondria generates heat that can lead to hypermetabolic reactions in muscle with ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) variants during the cyclic releasing of SR Ca2+ in the presence of a RyR1 agonist. We aimed to analyse whether the mitochondria of RYR1 variant muscle handles Ca2+ differently from healthy muscle.MethodsWe used confocal microscopy to track mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca2+ with fluorescent dyes simultaneously during caffeine‐induced Ca2+ waves in extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres from healthy mice and mice heterozygous (HET) for a malignant hyperthermia‐causative RYR1 variant.ResultsMitochondrial Ca2+‐transient peaks trailed the peak of cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients by many seconds with [Ca2+]mito not increasing by more than 250 nM. A strong linear relationship between cytoplasmic Ca2+ and [Ca2+]mito amplitudes was observed in HET RYR1 KI fibres but not wild type (WT).ConclusionOur results indicate that [Ca2+]mito change within the nM range during SR Ca2+ release. HET fibre mitochondria are more sensitive to SR Ca2+ release flux than WT. This may indicate post‐translation modification differences of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter between the genotypes.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy as a novel method of ex vivo bladder cancer tissue characterisation
Authors: Yim Arthur , Alberto Matthew , Sharma Varun , Green Alexander , Mclean Aaron , du Plessis Justin , Wong Lih‐Ming , Wood Bayden , Ischia Joseph , Raman Jaishankar , Bolton Damien 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in differentiating between benign and malignant bladder pathologies ex vivo immediately after resection, including the grade and stage of malignancy.Patients and MethodsA total of 355 spectra were measured on 71 bladder specimens from patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) between April and August 2022. Scan time was 5 s, undertaken using a portable NIR spectrometer within 10 min from excision. Specimens were then sent for routine histopathological correlation. Machine learning models were applied to the spectral dataset to construct diagnostic algorithms; these were then tested for their ability to predict the histological diagnosis of each sample using its NIR spectrum.ResultsA two‐group algorithm comparing low‐ vs high‐grade urothelial cancer demonstrated 97% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.997. A three‐group algorithm predicting stages Ta vs T1 vs T2 achieved 97% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and the AUC was 0.996.ConclusionsThis first study evaluating the diagnostic potential of NIR spectroscopy in urothelial cancer shows that it can be accurately used to assess tissue in an ex vivo setting immediately after TURBT. This offers point‐of‐care assessment of bladder pathology, with potential to influence the extent of resection, reducing both the need for re‐resection where invasive disease may be suspected, and also the potential for complications where extent of diagnostic resection can be limited. Further studies utilising fibre‐optic probes offer the potential for in vivo assessment.
Dental caries and associated factors among Turkish children and adults: Findings from the 3rd National Oral Health Survey
Authors: Orhan Ayse Isil , Alkan Afra , Orhan Kaan , Tezel Adnan , Karaoglanoglu Serpil , Oztas Dilek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundInformation on the current status of oral health and related risk factors is lacking in Turkiye. This study aimed to evaluate dental caries and associated factors among the Turkish population using the findings of the third national oral health survey.MethodsThis cross‐sectional epidemiological survey was carried out between March and September in 2018 including five index ages and age groups (5‐, 12‐, 15‐year‐olds, 35–44 and 65–74 age groups). A multistage cluster sampling design was used to obtain a national representative sample of these age groups. Participants were interviewed face‐to‐face using a structured questionnaire, and oral examinations were performed based on the methods and criteria suggested by the World Health Organization. The adjusted prevalence ratio for dental caries was estimated considering sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics by using log‐binomial and robust Poisson regression analysis in R and SAS software.ResultsAfter data cleaning, a total of 11 091 participants remained. The prevalence of dental caries was 76.5% (95% confidence interval: 75.4%–77.7%) and determined to be associated with age, dental visit, and pain or discomfort history during the previous year among the Turkish population. Prevalence was also associated with the mother's education level among 5‐, 12‐ and 15‐year‐olds. For the 35–44 age group, individuals living in urban areas had lower dental caries than those living in rural areas. For 65–74 age group, none of the factors were significantly associated with dental caries.ConclusionA high prevalence of dental caries was observed in Turkish children and adults. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen current preventive oral health programs. Regular disease surveillance should be maintained. National oral health targets should be formulated in accordance with Turkiye's needs, resources and structure.
Managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life: A review
Authors: Leahy Kate E. , Lo‐Cao Edward , Jamieson Robyn V. , Grigg John R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSevere vision impairment and blindness in childhood have a significant health burden on the child, family and society. This review article seeks to provide a structured framework for managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life, starting from a comprehensive history and examination. Different investigation modalities and the increasingly important role of genetics will also be described, in addition to common causes of severe vision impairment. Crucially, a systematic approach to the blind infant is key to correct diagnoses and timely management. Incorrect diagnoses can be costly to all involved, however it is important to note that diagnoses can change with ongoing follow‐up and investigations. Furthermore, the modern age of ophthalmology requires a multi‐disciplinary approach and close collaboration with specialists including paediatricians, neurologists and geneticists, in addition to rehabilitation and low vision services, to ensure the best care for these vulnerable infants.
Enhancing diversity for logical table‐to‐text generation with mixture of experts
Authors: Wu Jie , Hou Mengshu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLogical table‐to‐text generation is a task within the realm of natural language generation (NLG) that aims to generate coherent and logically faithful sentences based on tables. Unlike conventional NLG tasks, this task demands not only surface‐level fluency but also a high degree of logic‐level fidelity in the generated outputs. Current table‐to‐text systems grapple with various quality issues, such as repetitive generation, insufficient reasoning and limited complexity. Therefore, we introduce LogicMoE, a dedicated Mixture‐of‐Experts (MoE) model tailored for logical table‐to‐text generation. The primary objective of LogicMoE is to enrich the diversity of generated sentences from both semantic and logical perspectives. In particular, each expert within the model serves as a specialized generator responsible for generating sentences of a specific logical type. Additionally, we propose and employ novel evaluation metrics to comprehensively assess the diversity of generated outputs. Our experimental results showcase LogicMoE's superiority with absolute improvements of 0.8 and 2.2 in BLEU‐3 over the strong baselines on LogicNLG and Logic2Text datasets, respectively, driving the state‐of‐the‐art performance to a new level. Furthermore, we highlight its inherent advantages in terms of diversity and controllability, signifying its potential to spearhead advancements in logical table‐to‐text generation applications.
Fatigue performance analysis of stainless steel cruciform joint with angular misalignment
Authors: Ren Zhikuan , Liu Xiaogang , Zhao Xiaoqing , Chang Haosong , Yue Qingrui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWelding distortion causes the change of stress distribution of load‐carrying cruciform stainless steel welded joints, and the weld with angle less than 90° between steel plates became the fatigue performance control weld because of stress magnification. The effect of angular misalignment on fatigue performance of stainless steel cruciform welded joint was experimentally and numerically studied. The fatigue damage evolution equations, under different stress amplitudes, were derived using relative deformation increment as damage variable based on continuum damage mechanics to explain the process of damage transformation from micro to macro crack and finally rapid fracture. The hot spot stress magnification factor was positively correlated with the welding distortion angle and exhibited two discernible stages of rise and fall with increasing nominal stress taking the proportional limit as boundary. A proposed formula considering both misalignment angle and applied stress aimed to enhance accuracy in fatigue performance evaluation compared to current methods.
Global dominance of lianas over trees is driven by forest disturbance, climate and topography
Authors: Ngute Alain Senghor K. , Schoeman David S. , Pfeifer Marion , van der Heijden Geertje M. F. , Phillips Oliver L. , van Breugel Michiel , Campbell Mason J. , Chandler Chris J. , Enquist Brian J. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Gehring Christoph , Hall Jefferson S. , Laurance Susan , Laurance William F. , Letcher Susan G. , Liu Wenyao , Sullivan Martin J. P. , Wright S. Joseph , Yuan Chunming , Marshall Andrew R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that liana competition with trees is threatening the global carbon sink by slowing the recovery of forests following disturbance. A recent theory based on local and regional evidence further proposes that the competitive success of lianas over trees is driven by interactions between forest disturbance and climate. We present the first global assessment of liana–tree relative performance in response to forest disturbance and climate drivers. Using an unprecedented dataset, we analysed 651 vegetation samples representing 26,538 lianas and 82,802 trees from 556 unique locations worldwide, derived from 83 publications. Results show that lianas perform better relative to trees (increasing liana‐to‐tree ratio) when forests are disturbed, under warmer temperatures and lower precipitation and towards the tropical lowlands. We also found that lianas can be a critical factor hindering forest recovery in disturbed forests experiencing liana‐favourable climates, as chronosequence data show that high competitive success of lianas over trees can persist for decades following disturbances, especially when the annual mean temperature exceeds 27.8°C, precipitation is less than 1614 mm and climatic water deficit is more than 829 mm. These findings reveal that degraded tropical forests with environmental conditions favouring lianas are disproportionately more vulnerable to liana dominance and thus can potentially stall succession, with important implications for the global carbon sink, and hence should be the highest priority to consider for restoration management.
Global reductions in manual agricultural work capacity due to climate change
Authors: Nelson Gerald C. , Vanos Jennifer , Havenith George , Jay Ollie , Ebi Kristie L. , Hijmans Robert J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractManual outdoor work is essential in many agricultural systems. Climate change will make such work more stressful in many regions due to heat exposure. The physical work capacity metric (PWC) is a physiologically based approach that estimates an individual's work capacity relative to an environment without any heat stress. We computed PWC under recent past and potential future climate conditions. Daily values were computed from five earth system models for three emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5) and three time periods: 1991–2010 (recent past), 2041–2060 (mid‐century) and 2081–2100 (end‐century). Average daily PWC values were aggregated for the entire year, the growing season, and the warmest 90‐day period of the year. Under recent past climate conditions, the growing season PWC was below 0.86 (86% of full work capacity) on half the current global cropland. With end‐century/SSP5‐8.5 thermal conditions this value was reduced to 0.7, with most affected crop‐growing regions in Southeast and South Asia, West and Central Africa, and northern South America. Average growing season PWC could falls below 0.4 in some important food production regions such as the Indo‐Gangetic plains in Pakistan and India. End‐century PWC reductions were substantially greater than mid‐century reductions. This paper assesses two potential adaptions—reducing direct solar radiation impacts with shade or working at night and reducing the need for hard physical labor with increased mechanization. Removing the effect of direct solar radiation impacts improved PWC values by 0.05 to 0.10 in the hottest periods and regions. Adding mechanization to increase horsepower (HP) per hectare to levels similar to those in some higher income countries would require a 22% increase in global HP availability with Sub‐Saharan Africa needing the most. There may be scope for shifting to less labor‐intensive crops or those with labor peaks in cooler periods or shift work to early morning.