bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell‐specific expression of manganese superoxide dismutase protein in the lungs of patients with respiratory distress syndrome, chronic lung disease, or persistent pulmonary hypertension*
Authors: Asikainen Tiina M. , Heikkilä Päivi , Kaarteenaho‐Wiik Riitta , Kinnula Vuokko L. , Raivio Kari O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe developmental profile of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and its regulation in hyperoxia vary between species. We hypothesized that MnSOD increases in human lung in response to oxygen treatment, although this response could be restricted to certain cell types and depend on gestational age. Therefore, the cell‐specific expression of pulmonary immunoreactive MnSOD protein was investigated during development, and in patients with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), chronic lung disease (CLD), or persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN).Throughout ontogenesis, all cell types expressed MnSOD, but the most intense positivity was found in bronchiolar epithelium and (pre‐) type‐II pneumocytes. MnSOD protein did not increase during development. The MnSOD staining pattern in arterial endothelium was more intense in RDS patients than in age‐matched controls, but this may be related to induction of MnSOD by increased blood flow rather than by oxygen. MnSOD expression in other cell types of RDS, CLD, or PPHN patients did not differ from that in age‐matched controls.We conclude that, in terms of mitochondrial enzymatic superoxide scavenging capacity, preterm infants are not more vulnerable than term infants to oxygen‐induced lung injury at physiological oxygen concentrations. However, the inability to induce MnSOD in response to oxygen treatment may result in a poor outcome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:193–200. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Necrotizing tracheobronchitis in patent ductus arteriosus‐dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease
Authors: Nakata Yuji , Morikawa Yoshiyuki , Miura Masaru , Kawasaki Kazuki , Toyoma Hiroshi , Kameyama Kaori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report 2 patients with necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) associated with patent ductus arteriosus‐dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease. The pathologic findings suggest that hypotension and decreased tracheo‐bronchial perfusion were the major contributing factors in the development of NTB. Necrotizing tracheobronchitis developed in infants with pulmonary atresia and Ebstein's anomaly with pulmonary stenosis. Both infants required prostaglandin E1 infusion from early infancy, and presented with sudden onset of dyspnea and hypercapnea. In one infant, NTB developed prior to mechanical ventilation. In the other infant, NTB developed after 4 days of mechanical ventilation. Care of both infants involved minimal pressures and FiO2, adequate humidification, and optimal temperature of inspired gases; these factors probably did not play a role in the development or worsening of NTB. Both infants had hypotension and hypoxemia. These factors could have contributed to the development of NTB because of decreased perfusion pressure and tissue hypoxia. As the area of necrosis and its severity correlated with the area of blood supply served by the specific feeding arteries, we speculate that tissue hypoperfusion was the major cause of NTB. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:480–483. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventral prostate predominant l, a novel mouse gene expressed exclusively in the prostate*
Authors: Wubah Judith A. , Fischer Carolyn M. , Rolfzen Laura N. , Khalili May , Kang Jason , Green Jeffrey E. , Bieberich Charles J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the region‐specific nature of human prostate disease, there is a paucity of information regarding the molecular basis of prostate regionalization and patterning. To elucidate genetic mechanisms that underlie prostate growth and development, we investigated differential gene expression in mouse prostate lobes.METHODSmRNA differential display analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes during development of ventral, anterior, and dorsolateral prostate lobes. Differential gene expression was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and RT‐PCR.RESULTSA novel gene, Ventral prostate predominant1 (Vpp1) was identified. Vpp1 mRNA was evident in all lobes but accumulated predominantly in the ventral prostate, and was detected on postnatal day 7 through adulthood exclusively in the prostate gland. The steady‐state level of Vpp1 mRNA decreased markedly in response to castration, suggesting androgen regulation of Vpp1 expression. Analysis of TRAMP tumors demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the level of Vpp1 mRNA.CONCLUSIONSThe spatial distribution and early postnatal onset of Vpp1 expression is consistent with a role for this gene in prostate regionalization. The absolute prostate specificity of Vpp1 expression may allow this gene to serve as a paradigm to study the molecular basis of gene expression that is restricted exclusively to the prostate gland. Prostate 51:21–29, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAG polymorphic repeat lengths in androgen receptor gene among Japanese prostate cancer patients: Potential predictor of prognosis after endocrine therapy
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Akakura Koichiro , Komiya Akira , Ueda Takeshi , Imamoto Takashi , Furuya Yuzo , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Watanabe Masatoshi , Shiraishi Taizo , Ito Haruo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral investigators have examined the clinical significance of the length of the CAG repeat at the N‐terminal region of the androgen receptor in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Because the clinical significance of CAG repeat length during the course of prostate cancer in Japanese patients is unknown, the present study analyzed CAG repeat length in relation to several potential clinical factors.MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 88 Japanese patients with prostate cancer and a control group of 53 patients with benign prostatic disease were enrolled in this study. The length of the CAG repeat was determined by PCR sequencing and analyzed in relation to several clinical factors.RESULTSThe length of the CAG repeat did not significantly differ between prostate cancer and benign prostatic disease. Although not statistically different with regard to clinical stage and serum PSA level, the CAG repeat length was associated with histological grade and age at diagnosis. In addition, the CAG repeat length in CR and in non CR patients significantly differed at 22.1 ± 2.4 and 24.4 ± 3.0, respectively (P = 0.0264), suggesting that the CAG repeat length can act as a molecular marker with which to predict response to endocrine therapy in stage D prostate cancer patients.CONCLUSIONSA shorter CAG repeat length appears to predict a response to endocrine therapy, showing a positive prognostic value and indicating good prognosis in the metastatic stage of prostate cancer patients. Prostate 51: 219–224, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional model of the cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1): Ab initio active site parameters for molecular dynamics studies of CDKS
Authors: Cavalli Andrea , Dezi Cristina , Folkers Gerd , Scapozza Leonardo , Recanatini Maurizio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is an interesting target for potential anticancer drugs, and its three‐dimensional (3D) structure is presently unknown. The purpose of this work was to build a 3D model of CDK1, which could be used in drug design studies. The protein 3D structure was homology modeled, based on the known crystal structure of CDK2, and new nonbonded parameters for the Mg2+ coordination complex were developed by means of ab initio quantum chemical calculations. These parameters were both obtained and validated using the CDK2 structure as reference, and then they were used for the refinement of the CDK1 model. The resulting CDK1 structure was satisfactory and stable at room temperature, as shown by the molecular dynamics simulations carried out over a 1‐ns time interval on the entire protein. A number of representative kinases in the active and inactive form, including the inactive CDK1 modeled in this work, were compared. The results illustrate the conformational variability of the activation loop of the inactive form of the kinases and suggest a way for selectively targeting the single CDKs. Proteins 2001;45:478–485. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stability and conformational dynamics of metallothioneins from the antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps and mouse
Authors: Capasso Clemente , Abugo Omoefe , Tanfani Fabio , Scire Andrea , Carginale Vincenzo , Scudiero Rosaria , Parisi Elio , D'Auria Sabato 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe structural properties and the conformational dynamics of antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps and mouse metallothioneins were studied by Fourier‐transform infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy. Infrared data revealed that the secondary structure of the two metallothioneins is similar to that of other metallothioneins, most of which lack periodical secondary structure elements such as α‐helices and β‐sheets. However, the infrared spectra of the N. coriiceps metallothionein indicated the presence of a band, which for its typical position in the spectrum and for its sensitivity to temperature was assigned to α‐helices whose content resulted in 5% of the total secondary structure of the protein. The short α‐helix found in N. coriiceps metallothionein showed an onset of denaturation at 30°C and a Tm at 48°C. The data suggest that in N. coriiceps metallothionein a particular cysteine is involved in the α‐helix and in the metal‐thiolate complex. Moreover, infrared spectra revealed that both proteins investigated possess a structure largely accessible to the solvent. The time‐resolved fluorescence data show that N. coriiceps metallothionein possesses a more flexible structure than mouse metallothionein. The spectroscopic data are discussed in terms of the biological function of the metallothioneins. Proteins 2002;46:259–267. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dermal pharmacokinetics of the insecticide furathiocarb in rats
Authors: Liu Kwang‐Hyeon , Sung Ha‐Jung , Lee Hae‐Keun , Song Byung‐Hun , Ihm Yang‐Bin , Kim Kyun , Lee Hye‐Suk , Kim Jeong‐Han 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of furathiocarb were studied in vivo in male Sprague–Dawley rats following dermal treatment. HPLC and post‐column derivatization were used for the analysis of furathiocarb and its metabolites (carbofuran, 3‐hydroxycarbofuran and 3‐ketocarbofuran). Carbofuran and 3‐hydroxycarbofuran were detected in plasma and urine rather than furathiocarb. 3‐Ketocarbofuran, another potential metabolite, was not observed in any sample. The concentration of carbofuran was higher than that of 3‐hydroxycarbofuran in plasma, but the reverse was the case in urine. The corresponding area under the plasma concentration–time curve, Tmax, and Cmax values of carbofuran and 3‐hydroxycarbofuran for 1500 mg kg−1 doses were 2.4–8.0 mg equiv h ml−1, 12 h and 0.1–0.4 mg equiv ml−1, respectively. T1/2 was calculated only for 3‐hydroxycarbofuran (28 h). Two metabolites were excreted in a dose‐dependent manner without saturation.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of Tetrapeptide p‐nitrophenylanilides containing dehydroalanine and dehydrophenylalanine and their influence on cathepsin C activity
Authors: Makowski Maciej , Pawełczak Małgorzata , Latajka Rafał , Nowak Kornel , Kafarski Paweł 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree dehydrotetrapeptides of rationally varying structure were prepared and tested as affectors of cathepsin C. These compounds appeared to be substrates of the enzyme, being equipotent with their classical counterparts. Thus, replacement of amino acid in a short peptide by corresponding dehydroamino acid does not prevent cathepsin C in recognizing dehydropeptide as its substrate. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated ­plus‐maze test in mice
Authors: Kuribara Hisashi , Iwata Hisato , Tomioka Hideo , Takahashi Reiko , Goto Kazumi , Murohashi Naomi , Koya Sakuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSho‐ju‐sen (SK), a Japanese herbal medicine with a nourishing tonic action, is composed of a water extract of Kumazasa leaves (Sasa kurinensis Makino et Sibata) (SS), and ethanol extracts of Japanese red pine needles (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) (PN) and Ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (PX) in the ratio 8:1:1. In this study, an elevated plus‐maze test in mice was carried out to assess whether SK had an anxiolytic effect. No significant change was observed in either the plus‐maze or activity test following a single administration of SK (10 and 20 mL/kg p.o.). However, mice allowed a free intake of SK (10% solution) for 5 days and longer showed a significant prolongation of the time spent in the open arms (an anxiolytic effect), as long as that caused by the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam (1 mg/kg p.o.). SK (1%, 3% and 30% solutions for 7 days) tended to develop the anxiolytic effect. Of the constituents of SK, SS (8% solution), but not PN (1% solution) or PX (1% solution), resulted in the anxiolytic effect. Except for a slight acceleration in the motor activity by PN (1% solution), no significant change in the motor activity was produced by any treatment with SK, SS or PX. The combined treatment of SK (10% solution) or SS (8% solution) with 1 mg/kg diazepam enhanced the anxiolytic effect. Flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg s.c.), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, alone did not change the time spent in the open arms. However, it completely reversed the anxiolytic effect of SK, SS and diazepam. The present results suggest that: (1) long‐term treatment with SK develops an anxiolytic effect, (2) SS is the main constituent for the anxiolytic effect of SK, and (3) benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the anxiolytic effect of SK and SS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of Korean plants on HIV‐1 activities
Authors: Min Byung Sun , Kim Young Ho , Tomiyama Miyuki , Nakamura Norio , Miyashiro Hirotsugu , Otake Toru , Hattori Masao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the search for novel anti‐human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti‐HIV‐1) agents from natural sources, 49 MeOH extracts of Korean plants were screened for their inhibitory effects against RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase (RT) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase and HIV‐1 protease, and anti‐HIV‐1 activity. Regarding the HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase, Agrimonia ­pilosa (whole plant), Cornus kousa (stem and leaf), Limonium tetragonum (root) and Mallotus japonicus (stem) showed significant inhibitory activity on RT activity with 50% inhibitory activity (IC50) of 8.9, 6.3, 7.5 and 11.9 µg/mL, respectively, whereas Agrimonia pilosa was also active against RNase H activity (IC50 = 98.4 µg/mL). Four plants, namely Agrimonia pilosa (whole plant), Atractylodes japonica (root), Clematis heracleifolia (whole plant) and Syneilesis palmata (whole plant), were appreciably active (<35%) against recombinant HIV‐1 protease at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum (root) showed significant anti‐HIV‐1 activity (ED50 = 12.5 µg/mL) with a favourable SI value of 16. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro studies on antilithiatic activity of seeds of Dolichos biflorus Linn. and rhizomes of Bergenia ligulata Wall.
Authors: Garimella T. S. , Jolly C. I. , Narayanan S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSoxhlet extracts of seeds of Dolichos biflorus and rhizomes of Bergenia ligulata were tested for their in vitro antilithiatic/anticalcification activity by the homogenous precipitation method. The extracts were compared with an aqueous extract of cystone (a marketed preparation) for their activities. Also a combination of the extracts of the two plants was tested. Extracts of Dolichus biflorus showed activity almost equivalent to cystone while Bergenia ligulata showed less activity and the combination was not as active as the individual extracts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing a quality management system in a global pharmacovigilance processing centre
Authors: Sayers Jacqueline 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuality Management (QM) initiatives are common within the pharmaceutical industry today, although such projects do not always result in the anticipated benefits. The Roche Pharmacovigilance Global Processing Centre (PC) has successfully introduced a QM system that allows it to demonstrate to its customers the accuracy and consistency of its end product—the coded adverse event (AE) case. Factors such as senior management support, the designation of a specific manager with responsibility for QM, and communication with all staff about the concept of quality, have all contributed to the success of the project. The importance placed on the QM system by senior management means that the resolution of those issues that remain outstanding is given an appropriately high priority. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting R&D quality and compliance training for technology transfer into the GMP environment of production
Authors: Varma Shobha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor a long time, veterinary biological vaccine‐producing companies in the United States have been ruled by the quality and compliance requirements imposed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). However, with the globalization of markets, companies now need to comply with quality and compliance guidelines of key foreign markets such as the European Union (EU), Japan and Canada. Since the quality of the final product is built in from inception, i.e. through all development phases, it is imperative that all research and development (R&D) personnel understand the basic global requirements for quality and compliance. This paper presents an innovative approach for designing a training program for R&D personnel in the basic quality and compliance requirements for global product development and technology transfer into production operating under strict good manufacturing practices (GMP) requirements. The training program integrated basic GMP requirements such as sourcing of raw materials, components, qualification of vendors, developing GMP compliant documentation for pilot batch production, setting specifications based on target countries and the proper use of change control. In addition the basics of good laboratory practice (GLP) requirements were incorporated into the training by including a section on the importance of the use of calibrated instrumentation/measuring devices and proper documented approved procedures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VICH good clinical practice: preparing for study conduct change in the United States
Authors: Rogers Steve 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) good clinical practice (GCP) guideline is scheduled to take effect by July 2001. The guideline will replace existing US guidance by the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Veterinary Medicine entitled ‘Good Target Animal Study Practices’. To abide by these new rules, researchers and clinical research facilities in the US must prepare themselves now for this impending change. Several key components of clinical trials, including the use of quality assurance practices, will need to be reviewed and changed as necessary. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's new?
Authors: Bohaychuk Wendy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe What's New? section in the Quality Assurance Journal aims to draw your attention to items of importance to QA professionals. Each item will be linked to the relevant internet address which you might add to your ‘favorites’ folders and check regularly yourselves. If there is any other new information which should be brought to the attention of readers, please let us know by e‐mailing: gcrpc@compuserve.com Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contracts for clinical trial – related duties and functions: general points to consider
Authors: Nickols Pamela Charnley 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring good clinical practice (GCP) audits and regulatory inspections of clinical research, a number of issues surrounding the use of contracts commonly arise:

No contract is in place.
Work begins before a contract is in place.
The contract is imprecise in terms of scope of work.
The contract is incorrectly authorised.
The contract omits essential considerations.
This article seeks to provide guidance on some of the important elements to be considered when drafting and implementing contracts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality in the outsourcing process: part I. The quality outsourcer
Authors: Russell Yvonne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn clinical research, the definition of quality and overall responsibility for ensuring that performance parameters are adequately tracked and the necessary corrective action taken, lies firmly in the hands of the outsourcing project director/manager (outsourcer or sponsor). Meticulous planning of requirements prior to project start and strong ‘general management’ throughout the life of the outsourced project play a critical role in influencing both the outcome of the study and also in determining the quality of the research data. For ‘quality in the outsourcing process’, read ‘quality outsourcing’. The implementation of a carefully formulated project‐specific outsourcing strategy means that macromanagement (general management), not micromanagement (defined here as a form of ‘intensive therapy for the ailing project’ management), will be the primary task of the sponsor. A research team that is well‐defined, with all members (sponsor and vendor alike) mindful of their individual responsibilities, in addition to being well‐directed, will achieve consensus of opinion faster and deliver a quality product. An outsourcing strategy for the full clinical development program, clearly defined outsourcing standard operating procedures (SOPs) and a strategy tailored to each individually outsourced project form an integral part of the recipe to outsourcing success. Individual components of an outsourcing strategy and how one can safeguard that an outsourced project is brought to completion successfully, and to the prescribed quality standards, are addressed in detail in this article. Part two of this article, entitled ‘Quality in the Outsourcing Process: II. The Vendor Selection Process and The Quality Vendor’, will provide the quality outsourcer with tips and tools on how to make a quality decision in the vendor selection process and addresses further issues that are fundamental to the maintenance of quality in the outsourcing process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.