bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurs with Disability: A Comprehensive Study in the Context of Uncertainty
Authors: Iytha Mallikarjuna , Tiwary Shivangi , Augustine Anoushka 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is to explore how disabled social entrepreneurs deal with uncertainty, the role of technology in entrepreneurial activities, and gendered implications on social entrepreneurship with uncertainty. The data are from understanding different secondary research that already exists on social entrepreneurship and disability, and the use of technology for the disabled. The discourse on social entrepreneurship and uncertainty, a mixed method of narrative and thematic analysis was chosen. The qualitative data have been analysed from peer-reviewed research papers, newspaper articles, journals and quantitative data from the global UN websites, and government. Entrepreneurs with disabilities (EwDs) have links to higher resilience in uncertainties and competencies that attribute to the development of their social enterprise. Technology also acts as a catalyst for EwDs in the face of uncertainty. An overarching limitation that emerged is the lack of data, and literature available on the implication of uncertainty in the context of disabled entrepreneurs. Information on disabled women is also limited. A social implication of this article is the empowerment of EwDs. They are equipped with entrepreneurial skills despite their disabilities. Besides, advocacy of technology can serve as a boon for the disabled community in the face of uncertainty. This research paper has been written using authentic data emerging from secondary research.
Age-related decline in melatonin contributes to enhanced osteoclastogenesis via disruption of redox homeostasis
Authors: Wu Di-Zheng , Zhu Guo-Zheng , Zhao Kai , Gao Jia-Wen , Cai Gui-Xing , Li Hong-Zhou , Huang Yu-Sheng , Tu Chen , Zhuang Jing-Shen , Huang Zhi-Wei , Zhong Zhao-Ming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Increased oxidative stress contributes to enhanced osteoclastogenesis and age-related bone loss. Melatonin (MT) is an endogenous antioxidant and declines with aging. However, it was unclear whether the decline of MT was involved in the enhanced osteoclastogenesis during the aging process.

Methods
The plasma level of MT, oxidative stress status, bone mass, the number of bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) and its osteoclastogenesis were analyzed in young (3-month old) and old (18-month old) mice (n = 6 per group). In vitro, BMMs isolated from aged mice were treated with or without MT, followed by detecting the change of osteoclastogenesis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Furthermore, old mice were treated with MT for 2 months to investigate the therapeutic effect.

Results
The plasma level of MT was markedly lower in aged mice compared with young mice. Age-related decline in MT was accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress, osteoclastogenic potential and bone loss. MT intervention significantly suppressed the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis, decreased intracellular ROS and enhanced antioxidant capacity of BMMs from aged mice. MT supplementation significantly attenuated oxidative stress, osteoclastogenesis, bone loss and deterioration of bone microstructure in aged mice.

Conclusions
These results suggest that age-related decline of MT enhanced osteoclastogenesis via disruption of redox homeostasis. MT may serve as a key regulator in osteoclastogenesis and bone homeostasis, thereby highlighting its potential as a preventive agent for age-related bone loss.
A cautionary tale of low-pass sequencing and imputation with respect to haplotype accuracy
Authors: Wragg David , Zhang Wengang , Peterson Sarah , Yerramilli Murthy , Mellanby Richard , Schoenebeck Jeffrey J. , Clements Dylan N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Low-pass whole-genome sequencing and imputation offer significant cost savings, enabling substantial increases in sample size and statistical power. This approach is particularly promising in livestock breeding, providing an affordable means of screening individuals for deleterious alleles or calculating genomic breeding values. Consequently, it may also be of value in companion animal genomics to support pedigree breeding. We sought to evaluate in dogs the impact of low coverage sequencing and reference-guided imputation on genotype concordance and association analyses.

Results
DNA isolated from saliva of 30 Labrador retrievers was sequenced at low (0.9X and 3.8X) and high (43.5X) coverage, and down-sampled from 43.5X to 9.6X and 17.4X. Genotype imputation was performed using a diverse reference panel (1021 dogs), and two subsets of the former panel (256 dogs each) where one had an excess of Labrador retrievers relative to other breeds. We observed little difference in imputed genotype concordance between reference panels. Association analyses for a locus acting as a disease proxy were performed using single-marker (GEMMA) and haplotype-based (XP-EHH) tests. GEMMA results were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.97) between 43.5X and ≥ 3.8X depths of coverage, while for 0.9X the correlation was lower (r ≤ 0.8). XP-EHH results were less well correlated, with r ranging from 0.58 (0.9X) to 0.88 (17.4X). Across a random sample of 10,000 genomic regions averaging 17 kb in size, we observed a median of three haplotypes per dog across the sequencing depths, with 5% of the regions returning more than eight haplotypes. Inspection of one such region revealed genotype and phasing inconsistencies across sequencing depths.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that saliva-derived canine DNA is suitable for whole-genome sequencing, highlighting the feasibility of client-based sampling. Low-pass sequencing and imputation require caution as incorrect allele assignments result when the subject possesses alleles that are absent in the reference panel. Larger panels have the capacity for greater allelic diversity, which should reduce the potential for imputation error. Although low-pass sequencing can accurately impute allele dosage, we highlight issues with phasing accuracy that impact haplotype-based analyses. Consequently, if accurately phased genotypes are required for analyses, we advocate sequencing at high depth (> 20X).
Internal and external normalization of nascent RNA sequencing run-on experiments
Authors: Maas Zachary L. , Dowell Robin D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn experiments with significant perturbations to transcription, nascent RNA sequencing protocols are dependent on external spike-ins for reliable normalization. Unlike in RNA-seq, these spike-ins are not standardized and, in many cases, depend on a run-on reaction that is assumed to have constant efficiency across samples. To assess the validity of this assumption, we analyze a large number of published nascent RNA spike-ins to quantify their variability across existing normalization methods. Furthermore, we develop a new biologically-informed Bayesian model to estimate the error in spike-in based normalization estimates, which we term Virtual Spike-In (VSI). We apply this method both to published external spike-ins as well as using reads at the $$3^\prime$$

3
′

end of long genes, building on prior work from Mahat (Mol Cell 62(1):63–78, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.02.025) and Vihervaara (Nat Commun 8(1):255, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00151-0). We find that spike-ins in existing nascent RNA experiments are typically under sequenced, with high variability between samples. Furthermore, we show that these high variability estimates can have significant downstream effects on analysis, complicating biological interpretations of results.
Evolutionary history of the cytochrome P450s from Colletotrichum species and prediction of their putative functional roles during host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Ortiz-Álvarez Jossue , Becerra Sioly , Baroncelli Riccardo , Hernández-Rodríguez César , Sukno Serenella A. , Thon Michael R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe genomes of species belonging to the genus Colletotrichum harbor a substantial number of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) encoded by a broad diversity of gene families. However, the biological role of their CYP complement (CYPome) has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the putative evolutionary scenarios that occurred during the evolution of the CYPome belonging to the Colletotrichum Graminicola species complex (s.c.) and their biological implications. The study revealed that most of the CYPome gene families belonging to the Graminicola s.c. experienced gene contractions. The reductive evolution resulted in species restricted CYPs are predominant in each CYPome of members from the Graminicola s.c., whereas only 18 families are absolutely conserved among these species. However, members of CYP families displayed a notably different phylogenetic relationship at the tertiary structure level, suggesting a putative convergent evolution scenario. Most of the CYP enzymes of the Graminicola s.c. share redundant functions in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and xenobiotic metabolism. Hence, this current work suggests that the presence of a broad CYPome in the genus Colletotrichum plays a critical role in the optimization of the colonization capability and virulence.
Effect of two different doses of nalbuphine for postoperative analgesia in children with cleft palate: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Zhan-ming , Gao Bao-hua , Wang Liang-shan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Cleft palate repair surgery may result in severe pain in the immediate postoperative period. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different doses of nalbuphine for postoperative analgesia in children with cleft palate.

Methods
From November 2019 to June 2021, 90 children (45 males and 45 females, age 9–20 months old, ASA class I—II) were selected for palatoplasty. They were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (Group C), the N1 group (postoperative analgesia with 0.05 mg/kg/h nalbuphine) and the N2 group (postoperative analgesia with 0.075 mg/kg/h nalbuphine). Each group had 30 cases. Nalbuphine was not continuously infused in Group C but was continuously infused in Groups N1 and N2 at rates of 0.05 mg/kg/h and 0.075 mg/kg/h, respectively, for 24 h for postoperative analgesia. The FLACC analgesia score and Ramsay Sedation score were recorded at 10 min (T1), 30 min (T2), 2 h (T3), 12 h (T4) and 24 h (T5) after the operation. Adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression were observed and recorded.

Results
Compared with those in Group C, the FLACC scores in the N1 and N2 groups decreased significantly at T1-T5 (p < 0.05); the Ramsay Sedation score in the N1 group was significantly higher at T3 and T4 (p < 0.05), and that in the N2 group was significantly higher at T1-T5 (p < 0.05). Compared with that in the N1 group, the FLACC score in the N2 group was not significantly different, and the Ramsay Sedation score increased significantly at T5 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Using 0.05 mg/kg/h Nalbuphine continuously for 24 h for postoperative analgesia in children with cleft palate has a better effect and fewer adverse reactions.

Trial registration
This study was registered at ChiCTR1900027385 (11/11/2019).
The influence of fears of perceived legal consequences on general practitioners’ practice in relation to defensive medicine – a cross-sectional survey in Germany
Authors: Goetz Katja , Oldenburg Dorothee , Strobel Christina Jana , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Medical decisions are influenced by a variety of factors also by legal requirements and feelings of uncertainty, which results in the term defensive medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of fears of perceived legal consequences on the practice of defensive medicine from the perspective of German general practitioners (GPs).

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed from April to May 2022. GPs were invited via an e-mail newsletter of the Institute for Continuing Education in Family Medicine in the German Association of General Practitioners and via an online platform of the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians. The evaluation of legal fears, the general assessment of defensive medicine and reasons for and the frequency of defensive medical measures were surveyed in this study. Beside descriptive analyses, a stepwise linear regression analysis was used to explore potential associations between for the primary outcome variable ‘fears of legal consequences’ on the practice of defensive medicine.

Results
413 general practitioners with an average age of 50 years (51% female) responded. The majority rated their fears of legal consequences as low to average whereas for almost a third (27%, n = 113) the fears were strong to very strong. Regarding legal fears, the physician-patient-relationship played a fairly to very large role for 48% (n = 198) of the respondents. One third estimated the probability of being sued civilly in the next 10 years as rather high to very high. 47% (n = 193) of the participants assumed that the risk of being sued could mostly to very much be reduced by defensive medicine. Legal self-protection was for 38% of the responders (n = 157) quite frequently to very frequently a reason for acting defensively. Consequently, half of the respondents stated that they performed unnecessary laboratory tests at least once per week and 40% indicated that they referred patients for radiological diagnostics without medical indication once per month.

Conclusions
As legal fears have an influence on medical practice and legal self-protection being a frequent reason for defensive behaviour, understanding and knowledge of the law should be improved by legal education at university and further training of post-graduate trainees and practicing physicians should be implemented. Additionally, a more in-depth enlightenment of society about the phenomenon of Protective and Defensive Medicine and its consequences could be a possibility to decrease the perceived fears of legal consequences on the physicians’ side.
Uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in relation to preexisting chronic conditions in the European countries
Authors: Tang Shangfeng , Ji Lu , Bishwajit Ghose , Guo Shuyan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The suboptimal uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines among those with non-communicable chronic diseases is a public health concern, because it poses a higher risk of severe illness for individuals with underlying health conditions, emphasizing the need to address barriers to vaccination and ensure adequate protection for this vulnerable population. In the present study, we aimed to identify whether people with chronic illnesses are more likely to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza in the European Union.

Methods
Cross-sectional data on 49,253 men (n = 20,569) and women (n = 28,684) were obtained from the ninth round of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (June – August, 2021). The outcome variables were self-reported COVID-19 and influenza vaccine uptake status. The association between the uptake of the vaccines and six preexisting conditions including high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, chronic lung disease, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, and asthma was estimated using binary logistic regression methods.

Results
The vaccination coverage for COVID-19 ranged from close to 100% in Denmark (98.2%) and Malta (98.2%) to less than 50% in Bulgaria (19.1%) and Romania (32.7%). The countries with the highest percentage of participants with the influenza vaccine included Malta (66.7%), Spain (63.7%) and the Netherlands (62.5%), and those with the lowest percentage included Bulgaria (3.7%), Slovakia (5.8%) and Poland (9.2%). Participants with high blood pressure were 3% less likely [Risk difference (RD) = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.04, -0.03] to report taking COVID-19 and influenza [RD = -0.03, 95% CI= -0.04, -0.01] vaccine. Those with chronic lung disease were 4% less likely [RD = -0.04, 95% CI= -0.06, -0.03] to report taking COVID-19 and 2% less likely [RD= -0.02, 95% CI = -0.04, -0.01] to report taking influenza vaccine. Men and women with high blood pressure were 3% less likely to have reported taking both of the vaccines.

Conclusions
Current findings indicate a suboptimal uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines among adult men and women in the EU countries. Those with preexisting conditions, including high blood pressure and chronic lung disease are less likely to take the vaccines.
Value of blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging in early evaluation of the response and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy: a preliminary study
Authors: Zheng Huanhuan , Zhang Hailong , Zhu Yan , Wei Xiaolei , Liu Song , Ren Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
To find a useful hypoxia non-invasive biomarker for evaluating early treatment response and prognosis to definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
The R2* values were obtained pre- and 2–3 weeks post-dCRT in 28 patients with ESCC using BOLD MRI. Independent samples t-test (normality) or Mann-Whitney U test (non-normality) was used to compare the differences of R2*-related parameters between the complete response (CR) and the non-CR groups. Diagnostic performance of parameters in predicting response was tested with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan Meier curve, log rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results
The post-R2*, ∆R2*, and ∆%R2* in the CR group were significantly higher than those in the non-CR group (P = 0.002, 0.003, and 0.006, respectively). The R2*-related parameters showed good prediction of tumor response, with AUC ranging from 0.813 to 0.829. The 3-year OS rate in patients with ∆R2* >-7.54 s− 1 or CR were significantly longer than those with ∆R2* ≤ -7.54 s− 1 (72.37% vs. 0.00%; Hazard ratio, HR = 0.196; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 0.047–0.807; P = 0.024) or non-CR (76.47% vs. 29.27%; HR = 0.238, 95% CI = 0.059–0.963; P = 0.044).

Conclusions
The preliminary results demonstrated that the R2* value might be a useful hypoxia non-invasive biomarker for assessing response and prognosis of ESCC treated with dCRT. BOLD MRI might be used as a potential tool for evaluating tumor oxygenation metabolism, which is routinely applied in clinical practice and beneficial to clinical decision-making. A large sample size was needed for further follow-up studies to confirm the findings.
The impact of stress hyperglycemia ratio on short-term and long-term outcomes for acute basilar artery occlusion underwent endovascular treatment
Authors: Peng Zhouzhou , Tian Yan , Hu Jinrong , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Huang Jiacheng , Kong Weilin , Guo Changwei , Liu Xiang , Yang Dahong , Yue Chengsong , Yu Nizhen , Li Fengli , Zi Wenjie , Song Jiaxing , Yang Qingwu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) reflects a true acute hyperglycemic state during acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO). We aimed to investigate the association between SHR and short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with ABAO receiving endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods
We selected patients treated with EVT from the BASILAR study, a nationwide prospective registry. A total 250 patients with documented glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values at admission were included. SHR was calculated as the ratio of glucose/HbA1C. All 250 patients completed 90 days of follow-up and 234 patients (93.6%) completed 1 year of follow-up. The primary outcome was the favorable outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 3 at 90 days. Safety outcomes included mortality at 90 days and 1 year, and intracranial hemorrhage.

Results
Among the 250 patients included, patients with higher tertiles of SHR were associated with decreased odds of a favorable functional outcome at 90 days (adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12–0.56; P = 0.001 and adjusted OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18–0.80; P = 0.01; respectively) and 1 year (adjusted OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16–0.73; P = 0.006 and adjusted OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18–0.82; P = 0.01; respectively) after adjusting for confounding covariates. The mortality was comparable across tertiles of SHR groups at 90 days and 1 year.

Conclusions
Our study showed that SHR was associated with a decreased probability of favorable functional outcome both at 90 days and 1 year after EVT in patients with ABAO. The relationship was more pronounced in non-diabetes patients.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1800014759 (November 12, 2013).
The effect of mother’s age on the neonatal cord serum’s oxidative stress index and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a case control study
Authors: Imanparast Fatemeh , Hashemi Bahman , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Mohaghegh Pegah , Azar Fereshteh Farzan , Mehvari Fatemeh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
One of the main challenges of many societies in reducing and ageing of the population is marriage at an advanced age in women and decrease of producing offspring due to the concern of increasing the probability of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The mother’s oxidative stress conditions during pregnancy affect mothers and their baby’s health. Aging is one of the increasing factors of oxidants in the body. Aim of this study is the compartion total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidants status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in three groups of mothers with different age ranges from 20 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 45 years old.

Methods
164 pregnant women were grouped according to age into three groups: 25 to 30 (group I), 30 to 35 (group II), and 35 to 45 years old (group III). The umbilical cord blood samples were taken to the assay TAC, TOS, and OSI (TOS/TAC). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to assess the normal distribution of countinus variables. The one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare anthropometric and biochemical factors between groups.

Results
TAC levels decreased non-significantly (438.2 ± 102; 431.7 ± 99.8; and 428.2 ± 100.26 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.99), TOS levels increased significantly (23.93 ± 11.7; 25.4 ± 12.3; and 28.2 ± 12.7 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.034), and OSI increased non-significantly with increasing maternal age (0.055 ± 0.044; 0.091 ± 0.031; 0.069 ± 0.005, for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.14). Increasing age did not significantly affects the maternal and infant birth outcomes.

Conclution
The results showed that the increasing the age of the mother up to 45 doesn’t have a significant effects on the value of OSI and the maternal and infant outcomes.