bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy facilitates intracellular survival of pathogenic rickettsiae in macrophages via evasion of autophagosomal maturation and reduction of microbicidal pro-inflammatory IL-1 cytokine responses
Authors: Voss Oliver H. , Gaytan Hodalis , Ullah Saif , Sadik Mohammad , Moin Imran , Rahman M. Sayeedur , Azad Abdu F. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The genus
Rickettsia
is comprised of obligate intracellular bacterial parasites of a wide range of arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Some
Rickettsia
species (spp.) are responsible for serious human diseases globally. One interesting feature of these stealthy group of pathogens is their ability to exploit host cytosolic defense responses to their benefits. However, the precise mechanism by which pathogenic
Rickettsia
spp. elude host immune defense responses remains to be determined. Here, we observed that pathogenic
Rickettsia typhi
and
Rickettsia rickettsii
(Sheila Smith [SS]), but not non-pathogenic
Rickettsia montanensis
, become ubiquitinated and induce autophagy upon entry into bone marrow-derived macrophages. Moreover, unlike
R. montanensis
, both
R. typhi
and
R. rickettsii
(SS) colocalized with LC3B and not with Lamp2 upon host cell entry. Finally, we observed that both
R. typhi
and
R. rickettsii
, but not
R. montanensis
, reduce pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine responses, likely via an autophagy-mediated mechanism. In summary, we identified a previously unappreciated pathway by which both pathogenic
R. typhi
and
R. rickettsii
(SS), but not the non-pathogenic
R. montanensis,
become ubiquitinated, induce autophagy, avoid autolysosomal destruction, and reduce microbicidal IL-1 cytokine responses to establish an intracytosolic niche in macrophages.

IMPORTANCE

Rickettsia
spp. are intracellular bacterial parasites of a wide range of arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Some rickettsiae are responsible for several severe human diseases globally. One interesting feature of these pathogens is their ability to exploit host cytosolic defense responses to their benefits. However, the precise mechanism by which pathogenic
Rickettsia
spp. elude host defense responses remains unclear. Here, we observed that pathogenic
Rickettsia typhi
and
Rickettsia rickettsii
(Sheila Smith [SS]), but not non-pathogenic
Rickettsia montanensis
, become ubiquitinated and induce autophagy upon entry into macrophages. Moreover, unlike
R. montanensis
,
R. typhi
and
R. rickettsii
(SS) colocalized with LC3B but not with Lamp2 upon host cell entry. Finally, we observed that both
R. typhi
and
R. rickettsii
(SS), but not
R. montanensis
, reduce pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 (IL-1) responses, likely via an autophagy-mediated mechanism. In summary, we identified a previously unappreciated pathway by which both pathogenic
R. typhi
and
R. rickettsii
(SS) become ubiquitinated, induce autophagy, avoid autolysosomal destruction, and reduce microbicidal IL-1 cytokine responses to establish an intracytosolic niche in macrophages.
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric inpatients in South China
Authors: Xiong Zhile , Zhang Chao , Sarbandi Kurosh , Liang Zhuwei , Mai Jialiang , Liang Bingshao , Cai Hao , Chen Xiantang , Gao Fei , Lan Fangjun , Liu Xiaochun , Liu Shuyan , Zhou Zhenwen 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a substantial health burden. Existing management guidelines are primarily based on clonal evidence. Therefore, epidemiological data are required. We evaluated the risk factors for CRE colonization and described the molecular and clinical characteristics of CRE colonization in pediatric inpatients in Guangzhou, China. Pediatric inpatients from three hospitals in Guangzhou, China, between July 2019 and January 2021 were included. Fecal samples were collected and screened for CRE. Microbiological cultures were grown on MacConkey agar plates, and bacteria were identified with a mass spectrometry microbial identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with a VITEK2 system, and carbapenemase genes were amplified. A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for fecal CRE colonization in pediatric inpatients. Of 4,033 patients screened, 158 (3.92%) were positive for CRE, including
Escherichia coli
(51.27%),
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(37.97%), and
Enterobacter cloacae
(6.96%). The most common carbapenemase genes were blaNDM-5 (51.89%), blaNDM-1 (15.19%), and blaIMP-4 (7.60%) and blaKPC-2 (3.80%). Hematological malignancies, respiratory diseases, otolaryngological diseases, nervous system diseases, oral administration of third-generation cephalosporins, and the combined use of two or more antibiotics were independently associated with CRE colonization. The most prevalent carbapenem-resistant
K. pneumoniae
sequence types (STs) were ST11 (8.06%), ST37 (8.06%), and ST76 (8.06%), and the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant
E. coli
STs were ST10 (9.88%), ST48 (13.58%), and ST58 (8.64%). Pediatric inpatients were colonized by a diversity of CRE strains. Infection control and prevention measures should be implemented to reduce CRE colonization.

IMPORTANCE

This study assessed the clinical and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric inpatients at three hospitals in South China by means of screening stool samples for carbapenem-resistant genes and a nested case-control study to determine risk factors for carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Of 4,033 fecal samples screened, 158 (3.92%) were positive for CRE, including
Escherichia coli
(51.27 %),
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(37.97%), and
Enterobacter cloacae
(6.96%). The most common carbapenemase genes harbored by gastrointestinal CRE strains were blaNDM-5, blaNDM-1, and blaIMP-4. Hematological malignancies, respiratory diseases, otolaryngological diseases, nervous system diseases, oral administration of third-generation cephalosporins, and the combined use of two or more antibiotics were independently associated with CRE colonization.
Measurement scales of mental health related to climate change: a scoping review protocol using artificial intelligence
Authors: Dominguez-Rodriguez Alejandro , Villarreal-Zegarra David , Malaquias-Obregon Sofía , Herdoiza-Arroyo Paulina Erika , González-Cantero Joel Omar , Chávez-Valdez Sarah Margarita , Cruz-Martínez Roberto Rafael 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionHuman actions have influenced climate changes around the globe, causing extreme weather phenomena and impacting communities worldwide. Climate change has caused, directly or indirectly, health effects such as injury and physical injuries, which impact morbidity and mortality. Similarly, there is evidence that exposure to climatic catastrophes has serious repercussions on psychological well-being, and rising temperatures and drought have detrimental effects on mental health.Despite the recent effort of researchers to develop specific instruments to assess the effects of climate change on mental health, the evidence on measures of its impact is still scarce, and the constructs are heterogeneous. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the instruments developed and validated to assess the impact of mental health related to climate change.Methods and analysisThis review is registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/zdmbk). This scoping review will follow the reporting elements chosen for systematic review and meta-analysis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). We proposed a PO question, as it places no restrictions on the participants (P), and the outcome (O) are measurement instruments on mental health related to climate change. A search will be conducted in different databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO). We will use an open-source artificial intelligence screening tool (ASReview LAB) for the title and abstract review. The full-text review will be performed by three researchers. If there is a disagreement between two independent reviewers, a third reviewer will take the final decision. We will use the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments tool to assess the risk of bias for each included study. The review will be conducted starting in September 2023.Ethics and disseminationThe planned scoping review does not require ethical approval since it will not involve an ethical risk to the participants. The results obtained from this study will be presented at conferences, congresses and scientific publications.
EMPOWERED trial: protocol for a randomised control trial of digitally supported, highly personalised and measurement-based care to improve functional outcomes in young people with mood disorders
Authors: Hickie Ian B , Iorfino Frank , Rohleder Cathrin , Song Yun Ju Christine , Nichles Alissa , Zmicerevska Natalia , Capon William , Guastella Adam J , Leweke F Markus , Scott Jan , McGorry Patrick , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Killackey Eoin , Chong Min K , McKenna Sarah , Aji Melissa , Gorban Carla , Crouse Jacob J , Koethe Dagmar , Battisti Robert , Hamilton Blake , Lo Alice , Hackett Maree L , Hermens Daniel F ,   Mind Plasticity Consortia,   headspace Camperdown Consortia, Scott Elizabeth M 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesMany adolescents and young adults with emerging mood disorders do not achieve substantial improvements in education, employment, or social function after receiving standard youth mental health care. We have developed a new model of care referred to as ‘highly personalised and measurement-based care’ (HP&MBC). HP&MBC involves repeated assessment of multidimensional domains of morbidity to enable continuous and personalised clinical decision-making. Although measurement-based care is common in medical disease management, it is not a standard practice in mental health. This clinical effectiveness trial tests whether HP&MBC, supported by continuous digital feedback, delivers better functional improvements than standard care and digital support.Method and analysisThis controlled implementation trial is a PROBE study (Prospective, Randomised, Open, Blinded End-point) that comprises a multisite 24-month, assessor-blinded, follow-up study of 1500 individuals aged 15–25 years who present for mental health treatment. Eligible participants will be individually randomised (1:1) to 12 months of HP&MBC or standardised clinical care. The primary outcome measure is social and occupational functioning 12 months after trial entry, assessed by the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale. Clinical and social outcomes for all participants will be monitored for a further 12 months after cessation of active care.Ethics and disseminationThis clinical trial has been reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Sydney Local Health District (HREC Approval Number: X22-0042 & 2022/ETH00725, Protocol ID: BMC-YMH-003-2018, protocol version: V.3, 03/08/2022). Research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific conferences, and to user and advocacy groups. Participant data will be deidentified.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000882729.
Community intervention to improve defibrillation before ambulance arrival in residential neighbourhoods with a high risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: study protocol of a cluster-randomised trial (the CARAMBA trial)
Authors: Juul Grabmayr Anne , Malta Hansen Carolina , Bo Nanna , Sheikh Annam Pervez , Hassager Christian , Ersbøll Annette , Kjaergaard Jesper , Lippert Freddy , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Folke Fredrik 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIn Denmark, multiple national initiatives have been associated with improved bystander defibrillation and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in public places. However, OHCAs in residential neighbourhoods continue to have poor outcomes. The Cardiac Arrest in Residential Areas with MoBile volunteer responder Activation trial aims to improve bystander defibrillation and survival following OHCA in residential neighbourhoods with a high risk of OHCA. The intervention consists of: (1) strategically deployed automated external defibrillators accessible at all hours, (2) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training of residents and (3) recruitment of residents for a volunteer responder programme.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, pair-matched, cluster-randomised, superiority trial with clusters of 26 residential neighbourhoods, testing the effectiveness of the intervention in a real-world setting. The areas are randomised for intervention or control. Intervention and control areas will receive the standard OHCA emergency response, including volunteer responder activation. However, targeted automated external defibrillator deployment, CPR training and volunteer responder recruitment will only be provided in the intervention areas. The primary outcome is bystander defibrillation, and the secondary outcome is 30-day survival. Data on patients who had an OHCA will be collected through the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry.Ethics and disseminationApproval to store OHCA data has been granted from the Legal Office, Capital Region of Denmark (j.nr: 2012-58-0004, VD-2018-28, I-Suite no: 6222, and P-2021-670). In Denmark, formal approval from the ethics committee is only obtainable when the study regards testing medicine or medical equipment on humans or using genome or diagnostic imagine as data source. The Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark has evaluated the trial and waived formal approval unnecessary (H-19037170). Results will be published in peer-reviewed papers and shared with funders, stakeholders, and housing organisations through summaries and presentations.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04446585).
Potassium canrenoate in brain-dead organ donors: a randomised controlled clinical trial protocol (CANREO-PMO)
Authors: Belarif Lilia , Girerd Sophie , Jaisser Frédéric , Lepage Xavier , Merckle Ludovic , Duarte Kevin , Girerd Nicolas , Guerci Philippe 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIschaemia/reperfusion injuries (IRIs) are associated with poorer survival of kidney grafts from expanded criteria donors. Preclinical studies have shown that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) prevent acute and chronic post-ischaemic renal dysfunction by limiting IRI. However, data concerning the safety of MRAs in brain-dead donor patients are scarce. We seek to investigate the tolerance of MRAs on the haemodynamics in this population.Methods and analysisCANREO-PMO is a randomised, controlled, single-centre, double-blind study. Brain-dead organ donors hospitalised in intensive care are randomised 1:1 after consent to receive 200 mg potassium canrenoate or its matching placebo every 6 hours until organ procurement. The primary outcome is a hierarchical composite endpoint that includes: (1) cardiocirculatory arrest, (2) the impossibility of kidney procurement, (3) the average hourly dose of norepinephrine/epinephrine between randomisation and departure to the operating room, and (4) the average hourly volume of crystalloids and/or colloids received. Thirty-six patients will be included. The secondary endpoints evaluated among the graft recipients are the: (1) vital status of the kidney graft recipients and serum creatinine level with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) at 3 months after renal transplantation, (2) percentage of patients dependent on dialysis and/or with an estimated GFR <20 mL/min/1.73 m2at 3 months, (3) vital status of the kidney graft recipients at 3 months, and (4) vital status of the kidney graft recipients and creatinine levels (in μmol/L), with the estimated GFR according to CKD-EPI (in mL/min/1.73 m2), at 1 year, 3 years and 10 years after transplantation.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has full ethical approval (Comité de Protection des Personnes: CPP Ouest II-ANGERS, France), and the written consent of relatives will be obtained. Results will be reported at conferences, peer-reviewed publications and using social media channels.Trial registration numberNCT04714710.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the conduct of non-COVID-19 clinical trials: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Shang Wenru , Wei Lili , Liu Yujia , Pu Haosheng , Li Xiuxia , Niu Junqiang , Ge Long , Lu Cuncun , Yang Kehu 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic posed a detrimental impact on the conduct of non-COVID-19 related clinical trials, raising concerns about the completeness of these studies and waste of resources. While several measures and strategies have been suggested to address these issues, a thorough and timely summarisation is still lacking. Therefore, our aim is to conduct a scoping review to summarise the negative effects of COVID-19 on non-COVID-19 clinical trials, outline the effective measures for mitigating these impacts, and provide insights for future pandemics.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodological framework, and the results will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Relevant articles will be searched in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from 1 December 2019 to 1 July 2023. We will also screen the reference lists of the included studies manually to identify more potentially relevant articles. Articles focusing on the adverse impacts of COVID-19 on non-COVID-19 clinical trials and effective measures for mitigating them will be included. Two investigators will perform study selection and data extraction independently. A narrative summary as well as a descriptive analysis of the basic characteristics and key results of the included studies will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as this scoping review will be completed based only on published literature. The findings of this scoping review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and/or conference presentations.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Kazakhstan: data from the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System 2014–2019
Authors: Sakko Yesbolat , Madikenova Meruyert , Kim Alexey , Syssoyev Dmitriy , Mussina Kamilla , Gusmanov Arnur , Zhakhina Gulnur , Yerdessov Sauran , Semenova Yuliya , Crape Byron Lawrence , Sarria-Santamera Antonio , Gaipov Abduzhappar 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate tuberculosis (TB) incidence, mortality rates and survival HRs in Kazakhstan, using large-scale administrative health data records during 2014–2019.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingsData for patients with TB in Kazakhstan during 2014–2019, reported in the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System.ParticipantsPatients with TB in Kazakhstan (ICD-10 (The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) codes: A15–A19).Outcome measuresDemographic factors, diagnoses and comorbidities were analysed using descriptive, bivariate and multivariable statistical analyses. TB incidence and mortality rates were calculated, and Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to assess risk factors for survival rates.ResultsOf the 149 122 patients with TB, 91 437 (61%) were males, and 139 931 (94%) had respiratory TB. From 2014 to 2019, TB incidence declined from 227 to 15.2 per 100 000 individuals, while all-cause mortality increased from 8.4 to 15.2 per 100 000. Age-specific TB incidence was lowest for 0–10 years of age and highest for 20 years of age. Being older, man, urban residence versus rural, retired versus employed, having HIV and having diabetes versus no comorbidities were associated with lower survival rates.ConclusionTo date, this is the largest TB published study for Kazakhstan, characterising TB incidence and mortality trends by demographic factors, and risk factors for survival rates. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address the growing burden of TB, particularly among older adults, men, urban residents and those with HIV and diabetes. The study underscores the importance of using administrative health data to inform policy and health system responses to TB in Kazakhstan.
Barriers and coping responses towards infant and young child feeding practices in rural Ethiopia: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Gizaw Abraham Tamirat , Sopory Pradeep , Sudhakar Morankar 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo explore barriers and coping responses toward infant and young child practices (IYCFP) in rural Ethiopia.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was conducted with 98 mothers having infants and young children aged 0–24 months in rural Ethiopia. The mothers were selected purposively by stratifying into four age groups of infants and young children in months: 0–5, 6–8, 9–12 and 13–24. Thematic analysis was performed to elucidate the main ideas regarding the barriers and coping responses to IYCFP across the participant stratum using ATLAS.ti analytical software (V.7.5.18).ResultsTwo main themes emerged from the data. First, there was a discourse on optimal IYCFP that reflects the knowledge and efforts to adhere to recommendations for early breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months and introduction of complementary foods at 6 months. Second, in a discourse on struggling with everyday realities, barriers against optimal feeding practices and coping responses were presented. Mothers’ responses in the four age strata as barriers to IYCFP were inadequate knowledge towards breast milk, perceived insufficiency of breast milk, beliefs, mothers’ excessive workload, limited partner support, food price inflation and shortage, gender roles, dowry demand and cultural understanding of marriage. Relying on cheaper food items and backyard garden was used to cope with the barriers.ConclusionsBarriers towards IYCFP are numerous which extend from intrapersonal to sociocultural factors. Therefore, reducing mothers’ work burden to enable appropriate IYCFP by empowering women economically and addressing gender inequalities through collective societal approaches for promoting appropriate feeding is vital in rural communities.