bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future landscape of large language models in medicine
Authors: Clusmann Jan , Kolbinger Fiona R. , Muti Hannah Sophie , Carrero Zunamys I. , Eckardt Jan-Niklas , Laleh Narmin Ghaffari , Löffler Chiara Maria Lavinia , Schwarzkopf Sophie-Caroline , Unger Michaela , Veldhuizen Gregory P. , Wagner Sophia J. , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence (AI) tools specifically trained to process and generate text. LLMs attracted substantial public attention after OpenAI’s ChatGPT was made publicly available in November 2022. LLMs can often answer questions, summarize, paraphrase and translate text on a level that is nearly indistinguishable from human capabilities. The possibility to actively interact with models like ChatGPT makes LLMs attractive tools in various fields, including medicine. While these models have the potential to democratize medical knowledge and facilitate access to healthcare, they could equally distribute misinformation and exacerbate scientific misconduct due to a lack of accountability and transparency. In this article, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the potentials and limitations of LLMs in clinical practice, medical research and medical education.
Initiierung und endokrine Kontrolle der Geburt bei
Haussäugetieren – Teil 1
Authors: Schuler Gerhard 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer endokrinen Kontrolle der Geburt liegt ein intensiver Signalaustausch zwischen
Fetus, Plazenta und Mutter zugrunde. Abgesehen vom Schaf ist unser Wissen
über die dabei zugrunde liegenden Prozesse immer noch sehr
lückenhaft. Bisherige Beobachtungen lassen jedoch erhebliche
Speziesunterschiede erkennen. Für die Aufrechterhaltung der
Gravidität ist Progesteron (P4) der entscheidende übergeordnete
Regelfaktor, wobei bei einigen Spezies wie dem Pferd Funktionen des P4 zumindest
teilweise durch andere Gestagene erfüllt werden. Allgemein wird ein
präpartaler P4-Entzug als Voraussetzung für einen
physiologischen Geburtseintritt angesehen. Bei Spezies mit
ausschließlich (Hund) oder überwiegend lutealem P4
(z. B. Rind, Ziege, Schwein) am Graviditätsende ist eine
Luteolyse das entscheidende Ereignis. Beim Schaf, bei dem am
Graviditätsende P4 plazentaren Ursprungs ist, beruht der
präpartale P4-Abfall auf einer Umstellung im plazentaren
Steroidstoffwechsel. Der Mechanismus des präpartalen Gestagenentzugs bei
der Stute ist noch weitgehend unklar. Beim Schaf geht die Initiierung der Geburt
von einer Ausreifung der fetalen Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden
(HPA)-Achse aus, die zu einem steilen präpartalen Anstieg der fetalen
Cortisolkonzentrationen führt, welcher den Zusammenbruch der plazentaren
P4-Produktion stimuliert. Beim Rind triggert fetales Cortisol vermutlich
über die Stimulation der plazentaren Prostaglandinsekretion die
Luteolyse. Auch bei einigen anderen Haussäugetierspezies gibt es
deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass die Initiierung der Geburt von einer Ausreifung
der fetalen HPA-Achse ausgeht. Die funktionellen Zusammenhänge zwischen
fetalem Cortisol und dem präpartalen P4-Entzug sind jedoch bei
Nichtwiederkäuerspezies weitgehend unbekannt.
Exploring Growth, Maturity, and Age as Injury Risk Factors in
High-Level Youth Football
Authors: Wik Eirik Halvorsen , Chamari Karim , Tabben Montassar , Di Salvo Valter , Gregson Warren , Bahr Roald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRapid somatic growth and biological maturity status may affect injury patterns in
youth football, yet firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the existing research.
We aimed to explore growth velocity, maturity, and age as injury risk factors in
95 academy players (11.9–15.0 years), using anthropometric (height and
body mass), maturity (skeletal age), injury, and football exposure data
collected prospectively over three seasons
(2016/17–2018/19). We compared the relative quality of
mixed-effects logistic regression models with growth velocity for 223 growth
intervals (average 113 days) included as fixed effects and adjusted for age
(chronological or skeletal) plus load (hours/week). Associations were
considered practically relevant based on the confidence interval for odds
ratios, using thresholds of 0.90 and 1.11 to define small beneficial and harmful
effects, respectively. We observed harmful effects of older age on overall (OR:
2.61, 95% CI: 1.15–5.91) and sudden onset (1.98,
1.17–3.37) injury risk. Significant associations (p<0.05) were
observed for higher body mass change and greater maturity on sudden onset
injuries, and for higher hours/week on gradual onset, bone tissue, and
physis injuries. Future studies should include larger samples, monitoring
athletes from pre-adolescence through maturation, to enable within-subject
analyses and better understand the relationship between growth, maturation, and
injuries.
The Square-Plus Flap: A Modification to Release Long Postburn Scar Contractures
Authors: Hifny Mahmoud A. , Ogawa Rei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe square flap method has been successful in releasing contracture bands at various body regions. However, the original square flap method alone may not be efficient in releasing long contracture bands. We, therefore, proposed an extended design to the traditional design, which is called the “square-plus flap.” A 4-year-old girl presented with a postburn web-like contracture band over the right axilla. We marked a square flap technique at the center of the contracture band and then two additional Z-plasties were placed on both edges of the flap. After the release and securing of the square flap, the adjacent distal Z-plasty was then transposed and sutured in their new locations. We do not need to incise the proximal Z-plasty as we could achieve complete relaxation of the contracture band. This novel modification can be added to the plastic surgeon's armamentarium for releasing long postburn contracture bands involving distinct body regions.
Hypotension and Bradycardia Following Papaverine Installation During Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Al-Sharshahi Zahraa F. , Hoz Samer S. , Almurayati Mustafa E. , Ghanim Teeba M. , Kareem Zahraa M. , Alsubaihawi Zahraa A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction One of the major complications of intracranial aneurysm surgery is vasospasm. Papaverine is an effective vasodilator that can be instilled directly onto the vessels in the operative field with the aim of preventing intraoperative and postoperative vasospasm. Several case reports of hemodynamic instability in general and of hypotension, in particular, were reported after the use of topical papaverine during aneurysm clipping surgery.
Case description Herein, we report three cases of transient profound hypotension and relative bradycardia after intracisternal papaverine usage during ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping surgery.
Conclusion Caution should be taken while using papaverine intracisternally during anterior circulation aneurysm clipping, since it may cause several serious complications, including profound hemodynamic instability, particularly when instilling on a fenestrated lamina terminalis.
Lexical and morphosyntactic variation in Persian heritage language outcomes
Authors: Gharibi Khadij , Bayram Fatih , Guajardo Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Individual variation in heritage language (HL) outcomes does not seem to be random. Instead, this variation can be
related to the specific exposure and use patterns heritage speakers (HSs) have with their languages in the contexts they reside.
In this study, we present data from 38 child HSs of Persian in English dominant contexts (in New Zealand and the UK), their
mothers as well as a control group of age-matched monolinguals in Iran. All participants completed a film-retelling task from
which their lexical sophistication (LS) and clausal density (CD) were measured. In addition, the HSs’ mothers completed a
sociolinguistic questionnaire for their children which was used to calculate proxies for language experiences. Out of the two
linguistic measures, the HSs differed from monolinguals only in LS scores. Regarding the relationship between HSs’ linguistic
scores and language experiences, Random Forest analyses showed HL literacy to be the most important variable for the CD scores;
while it was the HSs’ age-at-testing for LS. The mothers’ scores were only important for the HSs’ LS scores. This study
contributes to the ongoing discussions on the nature of HL development, outcomes and individual variation.
Metal–metal bonding, electronic excitations, and strong resonance Raman effect in 2D layered α-MoCl3
Authors: Schiemenz Sandra , Froeschke Samuel , Naumann Marco , Rosenkranz Marco , Büchner Bernd , Koitzsch Andreas , Knupfer Martin , Hampel Silke , Avdoshenko Stanislav M , Popov Alexey A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Covalent bonding between transition metal atoms is a common phenomenon in honeycomb lattices of layered materials, which strongly affects their electronic and magnetic properties. This work presents a detailed spectroscopic study of α-MoCl3, 2D van der Waals material with covalently bonded Mo2 dimers, with a particular focus on the Mo–Mo bonding. Raman spectra of α-MoCl3 were studied with multiple excitation laser lines chosen in different parts of the absorption spectrum, while polarization measurements aided in the symmetry assignment of the observed modes. Furthermore, far-IR measurements and (Density Functional Theory) DFT phonon computations were performed to complete vibrational assignment. Polarized absorption, PL, and photoelectron spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations were employed to understand the consequences of the Mo–Mo bonding for the electronic structure and the localization/delocalization balance in d3–d3 interactions. A coupling of dimerization-related structural and electronic properties was revealed in the strong resonance Raman enhancement of the Mo–Mo stretching mode at 153 cm−1 when the excitation laser matched the electronic transition between σ-bonding and antibonding orbitals of the Mo2 dimer (σ → σ*). The deeper understanding of the metal–metal bonding and identification of the vibrational and electronic spectroscopic signatures of the dimerization will be of great use for the studies of electron delocalization in magnetic van der Waals materials.
Desynchronization of neuronal firing in multiparameter ultrasound stimulation
Authors: Bian Nannan , Long Ai , Yuan Yi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation, a novel neuromodulation technique, that possesses the advantages of non-invasiveness, high penetration depth, and high spatial resolution, has achieved positive neuromodulation effects in animal studies. But the regulatory mechanism remains controversial. The intramembrane cavitation effect is considered one of the mechanisms for ultrasound neuromodulation. In this study, the modified equations of ultrasonic cavitation bubble dynamics were coupled with the dual-coupled neuron Hindmarsh-Rose model, small-world neural network model, and the Jansen-Rit neural mass model, which simulate simple coupled neurons, complex neuronal networks, and discharge signals in epileptic disorders respectively. The results demonstrated that ultrasound stimulation has an appreciable modulatory effect on neuronal firing desynchronization in Hindmarsh-Rose model and small-world neural network model. The desynchronization effect is related to the stimulation frequency and intensity. Furthermore, ultrasound stimulation has an inhibitory effect on epileptic seizures, and the effect is enhanced by increasing ultrasound frequency from 0.1–1.0 MHz. This is the first combination of ultrasonic intramembrane cavitation effect theory with neurons and neural network firing desynchronization, which can provide guidance of parametric and theories support for the studies of neurological diseases such as epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease.
Sustainability assessment of energy supply scenarios: case study of Mali
Authors: Mariko Safiatou , Sanogo Souleymane , Adamou Rabani , Bhandari Ramchandra , Sessa Vittorio , Ba Abdramane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mali is endowed with significant untapped renewable energy potentials paradoxically the country is identified as an energy-poor nation characterized by very high dependency on imports of petroleum products and heavy reliance on biomass (wood-fuel and charcoal). Access to electricity remains very low, with significant disparities across urban and rural remote areas. The gap between the electricity demand and supply keeps increasing yearly, and power shortages get frequent and longer, especially during dry periods from March to June. The energy demand increase, due to of population grow and rapid urbanization (causing more use of fossil fuels resources in the energy mix) bears the unsustainability of the country’s current energy supply. The challenge for the country is then to meet this growing energy demand with a sustainable energy supply system. In the present work, Analytical Hierarchy Process technique is applied to perform Multicriteria Decision Making analysis to identify and assess the most sustainable long-term energy supply options in Mali considering technical, environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The current situation and five alternatives of energy supply based on the country’s current and future energy supply and climate change policies are proposed for assessment. Results show that the highest priority indicators by stakeholders’ survey are under economical dimension followed by the technical ones. The best scenario considers deploying renewable energy to up to 42% of the energy mix as the sustainable option for energy supply. Adopting such scenario requires measures as a strong political will to subsidize renewable energy equipment in order to make them affordable and also policies that encourage the use of renewable energy (such as lower taxes and duties). The suggested framework gives decision-makers, authorities, practitioners, and researches an effective tool for the country future energy planning.
The role of stacking on the electronic structure of MoSe2 at small twist angles
Authors: Patra S , Das M , Mahadevan P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider two high symmetry stackings AA and AB and examine the changes induced in the electronic structure by considering small angles of rotation of 3.48° from both these stackings. In both cases we largely recover the low energy electronic structure of the untwisted limit. We additionally find flat bands emerging above the dispersing bands. Surprisingly, while the rotation from the AA end leads to one flat band above the highest occupied band at Γ, one finds two flat bands emerging for small rotations from the AB end. Examining the real space localisation of the flat bands allows us to discuss the origin of the flat bands in terms of quantum well states and qualitatively understand the dependence of the number of flat bands found on the twist angle.
Evolution of cooperation driven by sampling reward
Authors: Xiao Jiafeng , Liu Linjie , Chen Xiaojie , Szolnoki Attila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A social dilemma implies that individuals will choose the defection strategy to maximize their individual gains. Reward is a powerful motivator to promote the evolution of cooperation, thus addressing the social dilemma. Nevertheless, it is costly since we need to monitor all participants in the game. Inspired by these observations, we here propose an inexpensive protocol, a so-called sampling reward mechanism, and apply it to social dilemmas, including public goods game and collective-risk social dilemma. More precisely, the actual usage of reward depends on the portion of cooperators in the sample. We show that the average cooperation level can be effectively improved under high reward threshold and high reward intensity, albeit at the expense of reward cost. It is intriguing to discover that for the latter aspect, there is a critical threshold at which further increases in reward intensity have no significant effect on improving the cooperation level. Moreover, we find that the small sample size favors the evolution of cooperation while an intermediate sample size always results in a lower reward cost. We also demonstrate that our findings are robust and remain valid for both types of social dilemmas.
The information of attribute uncertainties: what convolutional neural networks can learn about errors in input data
Authors: Rodrigues Natália V N , Raul Abramo L , Hirata Nina S T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Errors in measurements are key to weighting the value of data, but are often neglected in machine learning (ML). We show how convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are able to learn about the context and patterns of signal and noise, leading to improvements in the performance of classification methods. We construct a model whereby two classes of objects follow an underlying Gaussian distribution, and where the features (the input data) have varying, but known, levels of noise—in other words, each data point has a different error bar. This model mimics the nature of scientific data sets, such as those from astrophysical surveys, where noise arises as a realization of random processes with known underlying distributions. The classification of these objects can then be performed using standard statistical techniques (e.g. least squares minimization), as well as ML techniques. This allows us to take advantage of a maximum likelihood approach to object classification, and to measure the amount by which the ML methods are incorporating the information in the input data uncertainties. We show that, when each data point is subject to different levels of noise (i.e. noises with different distribution functions, which is typically the case in scientific data sets), that information can be learned by the CNNs, raising the ML performance to at least the same level of the least squares method—and sometimes even surpassing it. Furthermore, we show that, with varying noise levels, the confidence of the ML classifiers serves as a proxy for the underlying cumulative distribution function, but only if the information about specific input data uncertainties is provided to the CNNs.
An eight-step simulation-based framework to help cities reach building-related emissions reduction goals
Authors: Berzolla Zachary , Ang Yu Qian , Letellier-Duchesne Samuel , Reinhart Christoph 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With buildings accounting for 40% of global carbon emissions, cities striving to meet sustainability targets aligned with the Paris Agreement must retrofit their existing building stock within 30 years. Previous studies have shown that urban building energy models (UBEMs) can help cities identify technology pathways—combinations of energy efficiency retrofits and renewable energy deployment strategies—to meet emissions reduction goals. UBEMs are currently limited by cost to only the largest cities but must be expanded to all cities if society is going to meet scientifically-identified emissions reduction goals. This manuscript presents an eight-step framework to scale technology pathways analyses using UBEMs to all communities in a repeatable, affordable manner. The roles and responsibilities of three key personas, the sustainability champion, GIS manager, and an energy modeler, for each step are identified. The eight-step process is tested with a case study of 13 100 buildings in Oshkosh, WI, USA. The case study identified a technically-feasible path to nearly net zero emissions for Oshkosh’s buildings. Constraints in the workforce, supply chain, and retrofit adoption to attain this goal were identified to inform policymakers. The case study suggests that the eight-step process is a blueprint for action in communities around the world.
Residential precooling on a high-solar grid: impacts on CO2 emissions, peak period demand, and electricity costs across California
Authors: Mayes Stepp , Zhang Tong , Sanders Kelly T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As regional grids increase penetrations of variable renewable electricity (VRE) sources, demand-side management (DSM) presents an opportunity to reduce electricity-related emissions by shifting consumption patterns in a way that leverages the large diurnal fluctuations in the emissions intensity of the electricity fleet. Here we explore residential precooling, a type of DSM designed to shift the timing of air-conditioning (AC) loads from high-demand periods to periods earlier in the day, as a strategy to reduce peak period demand, CO2 emissions, and residential electricity costs in the grid operated by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO). CAISO provides an interesting case study because it generally has high solar generation during the day that is replaced by fast-ramping natural gas generators when it drops off suddenly in the early evening. Hence, CAISO moves from a fleet of generators that are primarily clean and cheap to a generation fleet that is disproportionately emissions-intensive and expensive over a short period of time, creating an attractive opportunity for precooling. We use EnergyPlus to simulate 480 distinct precooling schedules for four single-family homes across California’s 16 building climate zones. We find that precooling a house during summer months in the climate zone characterizing Downtown Los Angeles can reduce peak period electricity consumption by 1–4 kWh d−1 and cooling-related CO2 emissions by as much as 0.3 kg CO2 d−1 depending on single-family home design. We report results across climate zone and single-family home design and show that precooling can be used to achieve simultaneous reductions in emissions, residential electricity costs, and peak period electricity consumption for a variety of single-family homes and locations across California.
Acute pulmonary artery dissection in an adult with chronic pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease: a case report
Authors: Tomasino Marco , Soriano Colomè Toni , Sambola Ayala Antonia , Gordon Ramírez Blanca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
D-Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) is characterized by the aorta positioned above the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery above the left ventricle. Acute pulmonary artery dissection (PAD) is a rare and often lethal condition. We present a case report of acute PAD in an adult with d-TGA and pulmonary hypertension.

Case summary
A 49-year-old male with history of d-TGA palliated with an atrial switch (Mustard) operation, pulmonary venous baffle stenosis treated percutaneously, chronic pulmonary hypertension (mixed group 1 and 2), and severe dilatation of pulmonary arteries (pulmonary trunk of 75 mm) presented to the emergency department with chest pain and acute respiratory failure. Blood pressure was 106/78 mmHg, heart rate 93 b.p.m., and oxygen saturation 88% on room air. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed acute right PAD. He was not considered suitable for surgery nor percutaneous procedure. Epoprostenol was initiated to reduce parietal stress, but after initial stabilization, pulmonary venous stent baffle gradient increased and acute pulmonary oedema occurred. Epoprostenol was withdrawn, and furosemide was initiated, with good clinical response. A follow-up CT scan showed dissection morphological stabilization and false lumen thrombosis, and the patient was discharged.

Discussion
Pulmonary hypertension and previous pulmonary artery dilatation are reported as the main underlying conditions leading to PAD. No previous cases of PAD are described in patients with history of d-TGA and atrial switch procedure. Evidence regarding the best treatment of PAD is lacking, but it seems reasonable to reduce parietal stress using pulmonary vasodilators. Nevertheless, in patients with post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vasodilatation may cause important pulmonary congestion.