bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II receptor inhibition prevents pneumocyte apoptosis in surfactant‐depleted rat lungs
Authors: Lukkarinen Heikki P. , Laine Jukka , Aho Heikki , Zagariya Alexander , Vidyasagar Dharmapuri , Kääpä Pekka O. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPneumocyte apoptosis is implicated in the pathophysiology of acute inflammatory lung injuries in newborns and adults. Pulmonary angiotensin (ANG) II contributes to lung epithelial apoptosis in vitro, but its role in acute lung injury in vivo is unclear. We therefore studied the effects of ANG II receptor action on the pulmonary inflammatory and apoptotic changes in surfactant‐depleted lungs in rats. Lung injury was induced by repeated lung lavage with saline, and the rats were then ventilated with 60% oxygen for 1, 3, or 5 hr. Separate groups of rats were pretreated with a nonspecific ANG II receptor inhibitor saralasin, the specific ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan, or ANG II type 2 receptor inhibitor PD123319, and were similarly studied. Lungs were studied histologically for tissue injury, and with terminal deoxynucleodityl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) and cleaved caspase 3 antibody staining, and by electron microscopy for apoptotic cell death. Surfactant‐depleted lungs showed an increased number of TUNEL‐positive epithelial cells throughout the study, and intrapulmonary leukocyte migration and histological tissue injury scores were similarly elevated, compared to controls, from 1–5 hr of ventilation. Pretreatment with saralasin or losartan significantly prevented the increase of TUNEL positivity in pneumocytes, but had no effect on the amount of neutrophil influx or total injury score in lavaged lungs. In contrast, administration of PD123319 did not affect the number of TUNEL‐positive epithelial cells or histological injury . The results suggest that increased epithelial apoptosis in surfactant‐deficient lungs is mediated by ANG II receptor (specifically, subtype 1) action. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39:349–358. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eye‐gaze estimation by using features irrespective of face direction
Authors: Miyake Tetsuo , Haruta Seiji , Horihata Satoshi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMost of the previous methods for constructing a human machine interface that uses a line of sight are divided into two groups according to the method of line detection. One uses a special light source or a hardware device, and the other uses software for image processing. Our proposed method, which is of the latter type, determines whether a person gazes at a camera lens or not by using only a single facial image captured by a video camera. In previous methods of this kind, it is common understanding that the directional angle of a head with respect to the world coordinate system and that of the eye in relation to the head are estimated independently, and the direction of the line is determined by adding one to the other. A feature of the proposed method is that eye‐gaze estimation is conducted by using a pair of marks that are attached at a special position on a facial surface, without considering the head direction in space. Our proposed method can be realized easily, and can estimate the eye‐gaze in a short time. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(3): 18–26, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20143
Recent progress in medical imaging technology
Authors: Endo Masahiro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMedical imaging is the general name given to the methodology in which a biological object's structure or function, which is usually invisible, is visualized by using physical media such as X‐rays for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The method is divided into ultrasonic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medical imaging, X‐ray imaging, and the like, according to the physical media employed. These modalities have their own features and have been used to compete with and complement each other, offering indispensable techniques for medical care. Medical imaging is supported by highly developed engineering technologies, and the medical and engineering technologies in combination are referred to as medical imaging technology. This paper presents a survey of recent developments in medical imaging technology, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medical imaging, and X‐ray imaging. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(3): 1–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20154
Pragmatism, neo‐pragmatism and sociocultural theory
Authors: Sundin Olof , Johannisson Jenny 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo show that the neo‐pragmatist position of Richard Rorty, when combined with a sociocultural perspective, provides library and information science (LIS) with a forceful epistemological tool.Design/methodology/approachLiterature‐based conceptual analysis of: historical development of pragmatism in relation to other epistemological positions; neo‐pragmatism as a non‐dualist, both purpose and communication oriented, epistemology; and a sociocultural perspective within pedagogy, originated from the Russian researcher Lev Vygotsky.FindingsBrought together, a neo‐pragmatist, sociocultural perspective contributes to a focus on people's actions through the use of linguistic and physical tools. As a tangible example of how neo‐pragmatism can be applied as an epistemological tool within LIS, information seeking seen as communicative participation is discussed. This article unites a perspective on information seeking as communicative participation with the neo‐pragmatist concepts of “tools” and “communities of justification”. The article is concluded by an assessment of neo‐pragmatism as an epistemological position within LIS, including those research issues that arise from this position and that are introduced along the way.Practical implicationsIn its focus on usability, the neo‐pragmatist position provides a possible bridge between academic and other professional practices in the field of LIS.Originality/valueProvides, through the means of neo‐pragmatism, an argument for the necessity of epistemological argumentation within LIS.
Structuralism, post‐structuralism, and the library: de Saussure and Foucault
Authors: Radford Gary P. , Radford Marie L. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeExplores the relevance of structuralism and post‐structuralism to the field of library and information science (LIS).Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a literature‐based conceptual analysis of the two philosophical movements, structuralism and post‐structuralism, as represented by the seminal figures of Ferdinand de Saussure and Michel Foucault.FindingsThe principles of structuralism and post‐structuralism have significant implications for how the role of the modern library can and should be viewed.Originality/valueProvides insights into LIS by drawing on philosophical perspectives that are beyond the LIS literature.
Hermeneutics as a bridge between the modern and the postmodern in library and information science
Authors: Hansson Joacim 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo analyse the use of hermeneutics in library and information science (LIS).Design/methodology/approachPresents a literature‐based conceptual analysis of: the definition of hermeneutics in LIS; and the practical use of hermeneutics within recent LIS studies.FindingsThe use of hermeneutics in LIS has increased during the last decade, as has the number of authors discussing its scientific value for LIS. In many studies the interpretative character of the objects of study seen as hermeneutic in itself. This is a misconception which draws the attention away from hermeneutics as a scientific point of departure and methodology used in the study of these processes. The problem is specifically present in studies making explicit or implicit reference to a modern view of science, while studies referring to LIS as a postmodern field of study seem to be more at ease with hermeneutics.Practical implicationsQuestions are raised on the fundamental use of hermeneutics in LIS. This may give rise to a deeper discussion on the scientific value and character of hermeneutics in LIS.Originality/valueThe paper questions the use of hermeneutics as a point of departure in LIS research by looking at the research made within the field. This perspective may increase understanding of the function of hermeneutics within LIS, something which is of value both for the research community and for students within LIS.
E‐learning for information literacy
Authors: Hadengue Véronique 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo describe a Swiss Virtual Campus project in which an internet‐based computer‐assisted learning (CAL) package for students in economics and in dentistry was developed.Design/methodology/approachA case study account of a CAL package implementation against a rigorous and well‐thought‐through pedagogic framework.FindingsThe paper shows that it is possible to use a CAL package effectively to promote information literacy both on campus and to a distance learning community of students as an accredited form of learning activity, thus showing how e‐learning is suitable for the promotion of information literacy both to full‐time students and to those engaged in lifelong learning in the context of professional practice.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study approach gives a useful structured account of the development process of a library CAL package, with implications for the application of well‐developed pedagogic models in other e‐learning contexts.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a clear model for the successful implementation of e‐learning models in information literacy practice.Originality/valueThe paper establishes the value of having a clearly developed pedagogical framework together with sophisticated technical e‐learning platforms as practical means of effectively promoting and enhancing student use of information resources across a virtual campus.
The library of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC)
Authors: Zain Abd. Rahman Mohd. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo describe and evaluate the collection of the library of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC).Design/methodology/approachThe relevant Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Standard for College Libraries of 1986 (Standard 2) is used to assess the quality of the Library collection.FindingsThe library of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) achieves level B of the ACRL standard.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper takes one very particular, widely respected quantitative tool for collection evaluation and uses it “as is” – the paper thus accepts and applies the theoretical framework on which the tool is based, but applies it in a relatively unfamiliar library setting.Practical implicationsThe description of the collection is of value to those needing to locate materials relating to Islamic culture and civilization; the implementation of the ACRL methodology is a useful demonstration of a practical tool for collection management and assessment.Originality/valueIt is important for any educational institution to establish an effective library collection, one that is able to support the teaching and learning activities of the institution. To ensure that the library achieves its objectives, evaluation of the library collection needs to be done. This paper applies an internationally accepted standard for collection evaluation to a particular library, giving a model for other libraries to follow, especially libraries in the developing world. It is important to demonstrate that libraries in the developing world can aspire to and attain standards designed for collections in developed countries: this paper achieves that goal.
Firm transformation: advancing a Darwinian perspective
Authors: Jones Colin 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe paper advocates a Darwinian explanation of the process of firm transformation. Existing but generally opposing views related to the selection‐adaptation debates are united to consider the dialogic nature of both approaches. It is argued that a Darwinian approach, as opposed to a neo‐Darwinian or Lamarckian approach, provides the means to scale the sides of a debate that has for too long divided scholars interested in firm and industry transformation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper addresses three specific issues to develop its Darwinian argument. First, the various works of Geoff Hodgson that have for many years advanced Darwin's evolutionary ideas are used to argue the nature and application of Darwinism in the socio‐economic domain. Second, the nature of what constitutes the elements of firm‐environment interaction is considered to establish basic areas of focus through which the process of firm transformation is more understandable. Finally, the construct absorptive capacity is likened to a mechanism of transmission through which the learning processes associated with the acquisition of favoured variations can be reconciled with the generic evolutionary processes of variation, selection, and retention.FindingsTo understand the process of firm learning, the role of habits and routines must be outlined in specific detail. They cannot be assumed to perform interacting and replicating roles simultaneously. To do so undermines the fundamental qualities of an evolutionary theory.Originality/valueThe preliminary framework advanced takes us beyond the Darwinian‐Lamarckian debate and provides elements of focus from which a greater understanding of the process of firm/industry transformation is possible.
From robotic hands to human hands: a visualization and simulation engine for grasping research
Authors: Miller A. , Allen P. , Santos V. , Valero‐Cuevas F. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeRobotic hands are still a long way from matching the grasping and manipulation capability of their human counterparts, but computer simulation may help us understand this disparity. We present our publicly available simulator, and describe our research projects involving the system including the development of a human hand model derived from experimental measurements.Design/methodology/approachUnlike other simulation systems, our system was built specifically to analyze grasps. It can import a wide variety of robot designs by using standard descriptions of the kinematics and link geometries. Various components support the analysis of grasps, visualization of results, dynamic simulation of grasping tasks, and grasp planning.FindingsThe simulator has been used in several grasping research problems and can be used to plan grasps for an actual robot. With the aid of a vision system, we have shown that these grasps can be executed by a robot.Research limitations/implicationsWe are currently developing methods to handle deformable surfaces, tendon driven models, and non‐ideal joints in order to better model human grasping.Practical implicationsThis work is part of our current project to create a biomechanically realistic human hand model to better understand what features are most important to mimic in the designs of robotic hands. Such a model will also help clinicians better plan reconstructive hand surgeries.Originality/valueWe describe our publicly available grasping simulator and review experiments performed with it. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of this system as a tool for grasping research.
Strategic information systems planning model for building flexibility and success
Authors: Palanisamy Ramaraj 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis paper provides a model for IS planning for building flexibility and success, by considering volatile environment and the possibilities for leveraging the user's cognitive capabilities.Design/methodology/approachA review of existing IS planning models is given to identify the shortcomings in building flexibility and success. A model is evolved by hypothesizing user involvement in IS planning leads to IS flexibility; and flexibility in IS enables organizational flexibility and IS success. The control variables were considered at the user, IS, and organizational levels. The proposed model was examined by a questionnaire survey, in which 296 users and planners from 42 organizations participated.FindingsThe study results validated the proposed model that IS success and organizational flexibility could be achieved through IS flexibility, which could be generated by involving users in IS planning. Also, the study results have shown that user expectations, perceived personal usefulness, and users' internal flexibility possess a high driver power for user involvement.Research limitations/implicationsThe variables included in the model are not exhaustive, and the validity of the model has not been tested in a real life situation.Originality/valueThis paper explains the ways of collaborating with users and top management to plan a flexible IS by studying the impending changes in the environment.
Evolution of free‐boundaries conduction into a superconductor sphere in magnetic variable field
Authors: Guettafi Amor , Quichaud Guy 
Published: February 2005

PurposePresents a study of a bulk superconductor sphere placed in a uniform magnetic induction field b0(t).Design/methodology/approachAdapts some macroscopic laws for the numerical simulation of its evolution. This evolution is determinated by the front tracking method (FTM).FindingsThe deduction of some consequences concerning hysteresis losses, and comparison to a direct method are done.Originality/valueHelps to solve some complex three‐dimensional eddy current problems in industrial devices.
Nonlinear systems – algebraic gramians and model reduction
Authors: Condon Marissa , Ivanov Rossen 
Published: February 2005

PurposeNonlinear dynamical systems may, under certain conditions, be represented by a bilinear system. The paper is concerned with the construction of the controllability and observability gramians for the corresponding bilinear system. Such gramians form the core of model reduction schemes involving balancing.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines certain properties of the bilinear system and identifies parameters that capture important information relating to the behaviour of the system.FindingsNovel approaches for the determination of approximate constant gramians for use in balancing‐type model reduction techniques are presented. Numerical examples are given which indicate the efficacy of the proposed formulations.Research limitations/implicationsThe systems under consideration are restricted to the so‐called weakly nonlinear systems, i.e. those without strong nonlinearities where the essential type of behaviour of the system is determined by its linear part.Practical implicationsThe suggested methods lead to an improvement in the accuracy of model reduction. Model reduction is a vital aspect of modern system simulation.Originality/valueThe proposed novel approaches for model reduction are particularly beneficial for the design of controllers for nonlinear systems and for the design of radio‐frequency integrated circuits.
Working field theory problems with random walks
Authors: Davey Kent R. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Monte Carlo methods can be applied to the solution of field theory problems.Design/methodology/approachThis objective is achieved by building insight from Laplacian field problems. The point solution of a Laplacian field problem can be viewed as the solid angle average of the Dirichlet potentials from that point. Alternatively it can be viewed as the average of the termination potential of a number of random walks. Poisson and Helmholtz equations add the complexity of collecting a number of packets along this walk, and noting the termination of a random walk at a Dirichlet boundary.FindingsWhen approached as a Monte Carlo problem, Poisson type problems can be interpreted as collecting and summing source packets representative of current or charge. Helmholtz problems involve the multiplication of packets of information modified by a multiplier reflecting the conductivity of the medium.Practical implicationsThis method naturally lends itself to parallel processing computers.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to explore random walk solutions for all classes of eddy current problems, including those involving velocity. In problems involving velocity, the random walk direction enters depending on the walk direction with respect to the local velocity.
ups1, anArabidopsis thalianacamalexin accumulation mutant defective in multiple defence signalling pathways
Authors: Denby Katherine J. , Jason Laure J.M. , Murray Shane L. , Last Robert L. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryWe report the characterization of anArabidopsis thalianamutant,ups1, isolated on the basis of reduced expression of phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase, a tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme.ups1also exhibits defects in a wide range of defence responses. After infection withPseudomonas syringaeorBotrytis cinerea, the expression of genes regulated by both the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene pathways is reduced inups1compared with wild type. Camalexin accumulation inups1is greatly reduced after infection with these two pathogens, as well as after amino acid starvation or oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated gene expression is also compromised inups1indicating that this mutant is defective in signalling pathways activated in response to both biotic and abiotic stress. The fact that all three major defence signalling pathways are disrupted inups1, together with the oxidative stress phenotype, leads us to suggest that UPS1 is involved in ROS signal transduction.
Effects of Preharvest Applications of CaCl2, 2,4‐D and Benomyl and Postharvest Hot Water, Yeast and Fungicide Treatments on Development of Decay on Satsuma Mandarins
Authors: Yildiz F. , Kinay P. , Yildiz M. , Sen F. , Karacali I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this study, an integrated approach was evaluated for the control of postharvest decays of mandarin including some pre‐ and post‐harvest treatments under storage conditions. The efficacy of the treatments both as alone and in combination was evaluated during 3 years. Preharvest application of benomyl resulted in significantly less decay of mandarin fruit after storage in 3‐year tests. Calcium chloride (CaCl2), 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and gibberellic acid (GA3) as stand‐alone treatments or combinations were not effective in controlling Penicillium and total decay infections on inoculated mandarin. Postharvest application of imazalil (200 μg/ml) in solution heated to 54°C for controlling postharvest green and total decay of mandarin was significantly effective for 3 months under storage conditions. The biocontrol activity of yeast (Metschnikowia pulcherrima) was improved when yeast treatment was combined with imazalil (200 μg/ml) at postharvest. The data suggest that preharvest application of benomyl and postharvest treatments of imazalil, hot water and yeast may reduce postharvest green mould and total decay of mandarin under storage conditions.
Black Rot in Zea mays Caused by Olpitrichum tenellum in China
Authors: Chen X. Q. , Yang G. H. , Chen H. R. , Naito S. , He Y. H. , Liu Y. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSince 1997, severe epidemics of a black rot disease of maize (Zea mays) have occurred at Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, China. Olpitrichum tenellum, identified by morphology of conidia and conidiophores was recovered from infected plant material. Its strong infectivity on maize and causal role in inducing black rot was confirmed by pathogenicity tests in the greenhouse. This is the first report of black rot of maize caused by O. tenellum in China.