bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational multi-center study on type 2 diabetes treatment prescribing pattern and patient adherence to treatment
Authors: Butt Muhammad Daoud , Ong Siew Chin , Rafiq Azra , Malik Tooba , Sajjad Ahsan , Batool Nighat , Chughtai Anwaar Ul Hassan , Wahab Muhammad Umar , Abdullah Muhammad , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2021, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported that the prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan was 9.6%, higher than the global average. However, adherence to treatment guidelines, e.g., American Diabetes Association and Pakistan Endocrine Society and prescription patterns for Oral anti-diabetes (OAD), is poorly understood in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prescribing practices of anti-diabetic medications, an association of lifestyle modification with drugs prescribed, and their effectiveness in preserving ideal glycemic levels in diabetic patients undergoing treatment in tertiary care teaching hospitals in rural and urban Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from prescriptions of outpatient diabetic patients from different rural and urban tertiary care hospitals between October 2021 and February 2022. 388 participants were enrolled in the study for a detailed interview on prescription evaluation and glycemic control. The coinvestigators conducted an interview with the patient and used a pre-validated questionnaire to collect the data. The relationship between following treatment guidelines and clinical and demographic factors was found using chi-square tests for bivariate analyses. The study reported that out of 388, the mean ages of the patients were 48 ± 12.4, and the majority were female. It was observed that 60.1% and 66.5% have uncontrolled fasting and random blood glucose, respectively. The education level of the study participants was also below par to have a complete understanding of the medical condition and self-management therapy. Even though they were taking the right medications—an average prescription regimen included 5.08 medications—52.1% of the studied people had glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels higher than the therapeutic threshold set by the International Diabetes Federation. In this modern era, it was observed that the prescribing trend was still focused on traditional therapeutic options Biguanides, sulfonylureas, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were prescribed in 64.6% of the patients. A significant association was found between glycemic control and body mass index, adherence to lifestyle modifications, and the number of medications prescribed (p-value < 0.05). The study reveals that Pakistan's prescribing practices do not align with international and national guidelines, leading to a high prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes and widespread use of polypharmacy among patients. To address this issue, policymakers should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national diabetes action plan. Additionally, there is a pressing need to develop diabetes education and awareness programs emphasizing the importance of lifestyle modifications for effective diabetes management.
Association of altered fibrinogen indexes levels as a potential biomarker in determining the possible onset of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhuang Yong , Cai Qingyan , Hu Xin , Huang Huibin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch suggests that fibrinogen was related to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Then, the relationship between functional indices of fibrinogen and detailed staging of DR has not been explored. Type 2 diabetic and healthy control subjects (n = 960) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized into five stages according to their fundus lesions, and fibrinogen (Fib) and its functional indices (angle α and k value) were measured. The angle α levels increased in diabetic subjects with retinopathy compared with those without, and it was significantly elevated early in retinopathy. In contrast, the k value levels slightly decreased. Despite observing an increase in angle α levels and a decrease in k value levels during the later stages of retinopathy compared to the earlier stages, there was no statistically significant difference in the later stages. The association of the angle α and k value with DR was independent of the hyperglycaemic state and other potential confounders (OR = 1.672, 95% CI 1.489–1.876, P < 0.01; OR = 0.013, 95% CI 0.004–0.041, P < 0.01). The angle α levels and k value levels were closely correlated with retinopathy (r = 0.593, P < 0.00; r = − 0.646, P < 0.01). The ROC curve indicated that the diagnostic value of angle α and k value were (AUC = 0.897, P < 0.001; AUC = 0.859, P < 0.001). Fibrinogen function indexes, such as angle α and k value, may be valuable for the early diagnosis of DR but do not directly assess the severity of DR.
Audiometric Outcomes of Auditory Brainstem Implantation during Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in NF2 Patients
Authors: de Cos Víctor , Gibson Madeline , Li Vivienne , La Monte Olivia , Moshtaghi Omid , Dixon Peter , Khan Usman , Friedman Rick , Schwartz Marc S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Many patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) suffer from sensorineural hearing loss, and associated cochlear nerve compromise in NF2 patients makes auditory brainstem implant (ABI) an attractive treatment option. The long-term outcomes and benefits of the device are still being explored.
Methods A retrospective review was conducted for 11 ABI recipients at a single-institution tertiary center between November 2017 and August 2022. Patients diagnosed with NF2 undergoing resection for concurrent vestibular schwannoma (VS) were included. Pre- and postaudiometric assessments were reviewed. Evaluation included pure-tone audiometry and speech testing.
Results Our cohort included 11 patients with a median age of 34 years. All patients underwent a translabyrinthine approach for implant placement with concurrent VS resection. Average tumor size of VS was 2.87 cm. Preoperatively, 8 patients had pure-tone averages with no response at 110 dB, 2 were within mild–moderate hearing loss (25–45 dB), and one patient had a PTA of profound loss (92 dB). Postoperatively, 9 (81%) patients had improvement in PTA. In total, seven patients reported mild side effects upon ABI activation which included dizziness (n = 2), tinnitus (n = 1), and abdominal and lower extremity tingling sensation (n = 3). Of the seven patients with early speech perception (ESP) scores, five had a score >75%, indicating the auditory ability to detect pattern perception upon auditory stimulation through the ABI alone.
Conclusion Nine of 11 patients derived benefits from ABI placement. These findings demonstrate that ABI placement during concurrent VS resection can provide a significant hearing benefit for NF2 patients.
Examining the Relationship Between Workplace Industry and COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Gatov Evgenia , Sennik Sonia , Goldfarb Avi , Gans Joshua , Stein Janice , Agrawal Ajay , Rosella Laura 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To control virus spread while keeping the economy open, this study aimed to identify individuals at increased risk of COVID-19 transmission in the workplace using rapid antigen screening data.

Methods
Among adult participants in a large Canadian rapid antigen screening program (January 2021–March 2022), we examined screening, personal, and workplace characteristics and conducted logistic regressions, adjusted for COVID-19 wave, screening frequency and location, role, age group, and geography.

Results
Among 145,814 participants across 2707 worksites, 6209 screened positive at least once. Workers in natural resources (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1 [1.73–2.55]), utilities (OR = 1.67 [1.38–2.03]), construction (OR = 1.35 [1.06–1.71]), and transportation/warehousing (OR = 1.32 [1.12–1.56]) had increased odds of screening positive; workers in education/health (OR = 0.62 [0.52–0.73]), leisure/hospitality (OR = 0.71 [0.56–0.90]), and finance (OR = 0.84 [0.71–0.99]) had lesser odds of screening positive, compared with professional/business services.

Conclusions
Certain industries involving in-person work in close quarters are associated with elevated COVID-19 transmission. Continued reliance on rapid screening in these sectors is warranted.
Clinical Predictors of Pulsatile Tinnitus in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An Age-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Widmeyer Jonathan R. , Vemuri Jatin P. , Jacobs Jonathon , Sismanis Aristides A. , Haines Scott R. , Felton Warren L. , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) occurs in many but not all patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). It is poorly understood why some patients with IIH develop PT, yet others do not. The purpose of this study was to determine if any clinical findings differ between those with and without PT in IIH, potentially shedding light on a pathophysiologic mechanism.

Methods
Age-matched cohort analysis of patients with documented IIH and presence or absence of PT was performed, collecting data including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, visual acuity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure, sleep apnea, migraines, and transient visual obscurations, among others. Independent-sample t test and χ
2 test were used to analyze continuous and binary variables, respectively, with multivariate analysis conducted including variables statistically significant on univariate analysis.

Results
Eighty subjects with IIH met the inclusion criteria (40 PT+, 40 PT−). CSF opening pressure showed no significant difference between the two groups. The PT+ cohort was found to have an average BMI of 45.1 kg/m2, which was significantly higher than the PT− group (37.7 kg/m2; p = 0.0023). PT+ pulse pressure (60.1 mm Hg) was also significantly higher than the PT− group (51.6 mm Hg; p = 0.019). PT+ patients were also significantly more likely to have sleep apnea (p < 0.001) and migraines (p = 0.0036). Multiple logistic regression revealed an adjusted odds ratio of 13.9 for sleep apnea, 4.1 for migraines, and 1.01 for every increase in unit of BMI.

Conclusion
Among patients with IIH, presence of PT is associated with higher BMI and pulse pressure, and increased incidence of sleep apnea and migraines. Given no significant difference in CSF pressures between the two groups, PT may not be a product of increased disease severity but may be related to sequelae of obesity, such as increased pulse pressure and sleep apnea.
Potential clinical value and influence of conductivity in conductive cardiac patches for reducing post-MI arrythmia risks
Authors: Miao Yuchen , Fu Zhenyin , Zhang Juhong , Tao Yuhang , Pang Kai , Wang Chengjun , Jiang Qianqian , Shen Liyin , Xia Tian , Lu Peixuan , Xu Zhen , Xia Ling , Zuo Lijian , Song Jizhou , Gao Changyou , Deng Dongdong , Jiang Ruhong , Zhu Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConductive cardiac patches can help to restore electric signal conduction of the diseased myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). However, none of the conductive cardiac patches reported in literature has entered clinical trials. Bench-to-bedside translation of conductive patches has long been hindered by the lack of knowledge of the optimal patch conductivity and deep understanding of the potential clinical benefits and risks in patients. Here, we first prepared conductive cardiac patches with conductivities covering 5 orders of magnitude (10-3-101S/cm). Disagreeing with the mainstream opinion that patch conductivity close to native myocardium (10-3-10-2S/cm) is most favorable, our results showed that patches with conductivity two orders of magnitudes higher than native myocardium (10-1-100S/cm) are most effective in restoring cardiac conduction and lowering inducibility quotient. Conduction velocity (CV) is the essence of the observed results. Rat experiments showed that the low-conductivity patch could increase the CV of infarcted myocardium, but did not fully compensate the mismatch in the CVs of infarct and healthy myocardium. Moderate-conductivity patches could increase myocardial CV to the same level of healthy myocardium, while high-conductivity patches further increased myocardial CV, causing a reversed mismatch. The relationship between patch conductivity and improved CVs in myocardium can be explained by monodomain model theory. Based on the theory, 3D finite element simulation of a MI patient heart predicted that a suitable, patch-improved myocardial CV could reduce the number of reentrants, and stabilize the remaining reentry circuits in the myocardium of the MI patient, which indicated its clinical value.
JNK signaling-mediated exocytosis coordinates epithelial cell-turnover inDrosophilaribosomal protein mutants
Authors: Akai Nanami , Igaki Tatsushi , Ohsawa Shizue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRobust tissue growth is orchestrated by the precise coordination of cell death and cell proliferation. Our previous study found that in the developing wing pouches ofDrosophila Minute/+ animals, both cell death and compensatory cell proliferation are dramatically increased, which contributes to robust growth of mutant tissue. The induction of this cell-turnover depends on activation of JNK signaling, although the mechanism by which JNK activation induces cell-turnover remained unclear. Here, we show that JNK-mediated elevation of exocytosis in dying cells is crucial for triggering cell-turnover inM/+wing morphogenesis. Mechanistically, elevated JNK signaling in dying cells upregulates exocytosis-related genes and Wingless (Wg), leading to enhanced Wg secretion. Furthermore, this exocytosis-mediated Wg secretion generally occurs downstream of JNK signaling, regardless of the genetic background. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into robust tissue growth through the orchestration of cell-turnover, which is primarily governed by JNK-mediated exocytosis duringDrosophila Minute/+wing morphogenesis.
Occurrence of plant-specific 4/1 gene in streptophyte algae: brief view on the gene and protein evolution
Authors: Morozov Sergey Y. , Solovyev Andrey G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPreviously, the plant-specific 4/1 proteins have been found to be encoded by single-copy genes in most land plants (cladeEmbryophyta) but not in green algae. We first identified and characterized 4/1 genes in arabidopsis (At-4/1) and tobacco (Nt-4/1). Importantly, the 4/1 proteins inMagnoliophytaspecies are characterized by a highly conserved C-terminal domain of 30-37 amino acids. In this paper, we report the analysis of 4/1 genes in streptophyte algae – ancestors of lower land plants. AUGUSTUSab initiogene prediction was used to predict 4/1 protein-coding genes in the chromosomal DNA sequences of several algae from classesMesostigmatophyceae, KlebsormidiophyceaeandZygnemophyceae. Interestingly, in contrast to an inronless 4/1-like gene previously found in another charophyte algaChara braunii, these genes contain several introns that is consistent with the 4/1 exon-intron organization of land plants. In general, the chromosomes of the studied charophyte algae were found to encode Magnoliophyta-like 4/1 proteins that share their previously described general gene structure and protein properties. These new data on the 4/1-like genes and proteins in the Streptophyta clade suggest that 4/1 proteins are probably function as accessory factors in stress response, but these polypeptides are not required for the primary metabolic functions of streptophyte cells.
Job resourcefulness, job crafting and task performance in a post-COVID-19 context: a diary study on tour and travel frontline employees
Authors: Rubaca Ume , Khan Majid 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe study aims to examine whether job resourcefulness affects task performance through job crafting at the within-person level.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from employees of the tour and travel firms and their supervisors. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used for analysis due to the repeated data structure, for example, days (n = 900) nested in individuals (n = 180).FindingsResults show a positive association between job resourcefulness and task performance, with the full mediation of job crafting at the within-person level.Originality/valueThe study concludes that variation in job resourcefulness impacts job crafting and task performance at the within-person level.
Stimulating knowledge sharing behaviors for frugal innovation: the roles of inclusive leadership and competitive intensity
Authors: Lei Hui , Saeheng Pitcha , Le Phong Ba 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Owing to the growing importance of frugal innovation to the development of firms in the developing and emerging countries, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of inclusive leadership (IL) on frugal innovation through the mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing (EK). It also explores the possible moderating role of competitive intensity (CI) in the relationship between knowledge sharing (KS) and frugal innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
This study collected data via a questionnaire survey of a sample of 325 participants from 112 manufacturing and service firms to validate the relationship between inclusive leadership, knowledge sharing behaviors, competitive intensity and frugal innovation. Structural equation modeling and regression are adopted to estimate the effects of inclusive leadership on frugal innovation through the mediating role of knowledge sharing and moderating role of competitive intensity.

Findings
Findings reveals the significant impacts of inclusive leadership on aspects of knowledge sharing and frugal innovation. Moreover, the influences of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing on frugal innovation capability are enhanced in the intensive competitive environments.

Research limitations/implications
Future research should investigate the potential moderating role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between specific aspects of knowledge sharing behaviors and frugal innovation.

Practical implications
The paper provides a valuable understanding and novel approach for managers and directors of firms in developing and emerging countries to improve frugal innovation capability through inclusive leadership practices and promotion of knowledge sharing in organizations.

Originality/value
The paper is unique in its attempt to fill theoretical gaps on the relationship between inclusive leadership and frugal innovation, and advance the insights of how inclusive leadership directly and indirectly fosters frugal innovation via mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing.
A view from another side, or, not just another quit‐lit essay
Authors: Allen Lori A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcademic anthropology is a paradoxical realm. On the one hand, opportunities for creatively exploring the human condition are hemmed in by administrators and bureaucracy. On the other hand, scholars in the academy have the space to call for justice—in Palestine and elsewhere, as they did in 2023, when the American Anthropological Association passed a resolution to boycott Israeli institutions. This paradoxical quality suggests some parallels between anthropology and the human rights system, especially in their logics and activities. Drawing from my experiences as I step off the professional academic ladder, I reflect on how this complex academic environment can lead to cynicism and resentment, yet also produce launching pads to collective action.
Anthropology unbound
Authors: Mehmood Saira A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs an anthropologist currently working in the policy realm, I provide insights on the value of anthropology and its potential for growth and impact, both within and beyond academia. Drawing from my experiences studying in graduate school, teaching in academia, and holding nonacademic jobs, I suggest that anthropology can flourish by breaking free from disciplinary boundaries and silos, challenging conventional notions of scholarship, and by “studying in.” The next 50 years of anthropology can be brighter, more inclusive, and more accessible if the discipline's practitioners think more critically about how we do our research and who we share our research with, what we frame as research and scholarship, and how we train and support the next generation of anthropologists.
Letter: Are we forgetting the importance of steatosis in steatotic liver disease?
Authors: Fiori James , Ayonrinde Oyekoya Taiwo 
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kuo et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17637 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17825
International clinical assessment of smell: An international, cross‐sectional survey of current practice in the assessment of olfaction
Authors: Whitcroft Katherine L. , Alobid Isam , Altundag Aytug , Andrews Peter , Carrie Sean , Fahmy Miriam , Fjældstad Alexander W. , Gane Simon , Hopkins Claire , Hsieh Julien Wen , Huart Caroline , Hummel Thomas , Konstantinidis Iordanis , Landis Baslie N. , Mori Eri , Mullol Joaquim , Philpott Carl , Poulios Aristotelis , Vodička Jan , Ward Victoria M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is common and carries significant personal and societal burden. Accurate assessment is necessary for good clinical and research practice but is highly dependent on the assessment technique used. Current practice with regards to UK/international clinical assessment is unknown. We aimed to capture current clinical practice, with reference to contemporaneously available guidelines. We further aimed to compare UK to international practice.DesignAnonymous online questionnaire with cross‐sectional non‐probability sampling. Subgroup analysis according to subspeciality training in rhinology (‘rhinologists’ and ‘non‐rhinologists’) was performed, with geographical comparisons only made according to subgroup.ParticipantsENT surgeons who assess olfaction.ResultsResponses were received from 465 clinicians (217 from UK and 17 countries total). Country‐specific response rate varied, with the lowest rate being obtained from Japan (1.4%) and highest from Greece (72.5%). Most UK clinicians do not perform psychophysical smell testing during any of the presented clinical scenarios—though rhinologists did so more often than non‐rhinologists. The most frequent barriers to testing related to service provision (e.g., time/funding limitations). Whilst there was variability in practice, in general, international respondents performed psychophysical testing more frequently than those from the UK. Approximately 3/4 of all respondents said they would like to receive training in psychophysical smell testing. Patient reported outcome measures were infrequently used in the UK/internationally. More UK respondents performed diagnostic MRI scanning than international respondents.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive UK‐based, and only international survey of clinical practice in the assessment of OD. We present recommendations to improve practice, including increased education and funding for psychophysical smell testing. We hope this will promote accurate and reliable olfactory assessment, as is the accepted standard in other sensory systems.