bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily pain and symptoms in children with polyarticular arthritis
Authors: Schanberg Laura E. , Anthony Kelly K. , Gil Karen M. , Maurin Elana C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze patterns of daily pain, stiffness, and fatigue related to juvenile arthritis; to examine the relationships of demographics, disease severity, and psychological adjustment to daily disease symptoms; and to examine daily disease symptoms as predictors of reduced participation in school and social activity.MethodsFor a 2‐month period, 41 children with polyarticular juvenile arthritis completed daily diaries that included measures of symptoms and function. Children also underwent an initial evaluation and 4 followup evaluations that included a joint count, laboratory testing, and completion of questionnaires assessing physical and psychosocial functioning.ResultsChildren reported having pain an average of 73% of days, with the majority of children (76%) reporting pain on >60% of all days. On average, children described the intensity of their daily pain as being in the mild to moderate range; however, a significant subgroup (31%) reported pain in the severe range. Higher physician global assessment ratings, increased functional disability, and increased anxiety were significantly associated with increased daily pain and other daily symptoms. Multilevel random‐effects analyses indicated that increased daily symptoms of pain, stiffness, and fatigue were significant predictors of reduced participation in school and social activities.ConclusionPhysicians should consider treating pain more aggressively in children with arthritis, in order to preserve function in school and social domains, as well as physical function. Moreover, optimal pain management in children with arthritis should include therapeutic regimens addressing anxiety as well as standard pharmacologic interventions.
A state space model for rub‐off triangles
Authors: Alpuim Teresa , Ribeiro Isabel 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn this paper we suggest a distribution‐free state space model to be used with the Kalman filter in run‐off triangles. It works with original incremental amounts and relates the triangle with a column of observed values, which can be chosen in order to describe better the risk volume in each year. On the traditional application of run‐off triangles (the paid claims run‐off), this model relates the amount paid j years after the accident year with a column of observed values, that can be the claims paid on the first year, the number of claims, premiums, number of risks, etc. Two advantages of this model are the perfect split between observed values and random variables and the capacity to incorporate the changes in the speed of the company's reality into the model and in its projections.Particular care is taken on the evaluation of the final forecast mean square error as well as on the estimation of the model parameters, specially the error variances. Also, two sets of claims data are analysed. In comparison with other methods, namely, the chain ladder, the analysis of variance, the Hoerl curves and the state space modelling with the chain ladder linear model, the proposed model gave a final reserve with a mean square error within the smallest. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Batch process and transfer decisions in foreign market: a real options model
Authors: Lin Chin‐Tsai , Wu Cheng‐Ru 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis investigation extends the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) batch process production model of Lin et al. (J. Management syst. 2002; 9: 173) for an uncertain exchange rate by considering an export‐oriented manufacturer who can decide to switch freely between domestic and foreign locations. The export‐oriented manufacturer is risk averse and has rational expectations. As the entry cost declines, the export‐oriented manufacturer's entry trigger for the CES production function increases for transferring from a domestic and to a foreign location. Additionally, the manufacturer's exit trigger for CES production function increases for transferring from a foreign and to a domestic location. Moreover, the exit cost resembles the entry cost. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixture models in econometric duration analysis
Authors: Mosler Karl 
Published: May 2003

AbstractEconometric duration analysis has become an important part of methodology in econometrics, bringing forth a plenty of applications. The probability distribution of the duration of a time span is modelled through its conditional hazard rate given the covariates. When some of the covariates are unobservable, the duration, given the observable covariates, has a mixture distribution. The paper surveys and discusses recent developments in the specification, estimation, diagnosis and economic application of proportional hazard models with unobservables. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A risk model driven by Lévy processes
Authors: Morales Manuel , Schoutens Wim 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe present a general risk model where the aggregate claims, as well as the premium function, evolve by jumps. This is achieved by incorporating a Lévy process into the model. This seeks to account for the discrete nature of claims and asset prices. We give several explicit examples of Lévy processes that can be used to drive a risk model. This allows us to incorporate aggregate claims and premium fluctuations in the same process. We discuss important features of such processes and their relevance to risk modeling. We also extend classical results on ruin probabilities to this model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of an intervention to prevent unwanted pregnancy in adolescents. A randomized, prospective study from Nordland County, Norway, 1999–2001
Authors: Træen Bente 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an intervention designed to prevent unwanted pregnancy in adolescents. A stratified sample of 74 compulsory schools was drawn at random from all compulsory schools in the county of Nordland in northern Norway. Of these 54 schools were willing to participate. The participating schools were assigned to four different groups according to a Solomon four‐group design. A total of 1183 pupils gave their informed consent for participation. For the intervention, a textbook in sex education was developed and handed out to pupils and teachers participating in the intervention groups. Data collections were carried out 1999–2001. The results from this study stem from data collected at post‐test 1. The individual was used as unit of analysis. Among adolescents who made their coital debut between the pre‐test and post‐test 1, more of those in the intervention group than in the pre‐test group reported use of contraception during first sexual intercourse. No other statistically significant effect of the intervention was found. The reason may be biased drop‐out. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homelessness in the US and Germany: a cross‐national analysis
Authors: Tompsett Carolyn J. , Toro Paul A. , Guzicki Melissa , Schlienz Natascha , Blume Marc , Lombardo Sylvie 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA public opinion survey was administered by telephone to nationally representative samples in the US and Germany to assess prevalence of homelessness as well as attitudes, opinions and knowledge regarding homelessness. Lower prevalence rates were found in Germany as compared with the US. German respondents demonstrated higher levels of general compassion, greater support for the public rights of the homeless, a greater tendency to view the homeless as trustworthy, and were more likely to view economic factors and less likely to view personal failings as integral to the problem of homelessness. Respondent age, gender, and political affiliation predicted many public opinion variables. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myosin localization during meiosis I of crane‐fly spermatocytes gives indications about its role in division
Authors: Silverman‐Gavrila Rosalind V. , Forer Arthur 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe showed previously that in crane‐fly spermatocytes myosin is required for tubulin flux [Silverman‐Gavrila and Forer, 2000a: J Cell Sci 113:597–609], and for normal anaphase chromosome movement and contractile ring contraction [Silverman‐Gavrila and Forer, 2001: Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 50:180–197]. Neither the identity nor the distribution of myosin(s) were known. In the present work, we used immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to study myosin during meiosis‐I of crane‐fly spermatocytes compared to tubulin, actin, and skeletor, a spindle matrix protein, in order to further understand how myosin might function during cell division. Antibodies to myosin II regulatory light chain and myosin II heavy chain gave similar staining patterns, both dependent on stage: myosin is associated with nuclei, asters, centrosomes, chromosomes, spindle microtubules, midbody microtubules, and contractile rings. Myosin and actin colocalization along kinetochore fibers from prometaphase to anaphase are consistent with suggestions that acto‐myosin forces in these stages propel kinetochore fibres poleward and trigger tubulin flux in kinetochore fibres, contributing in this way to poleward chromosome movement. Myosin and actin colocalization at the cell equator in cytokinesis, similar to studies in other cells [e.g., Fujiwara and Pollard, 1978: J Cell Biol 77:182–195], supports a role of actin‐myosin interactions in contractile ring function. Myosin and skeletor colocalization in prometaphase spindles is consistent with a role of these proteins in spindle formation. After microtubules or actin were disrupted, myosin remained in spindles and contractile rings, suggesting that the presence of myosin in these structures does not require the continued presence of microtubules or actin. BDM (2,3 butanedione, 2 monoxime) treatment that inhibits chromosome movement and cytokinesis also altered myosin distributions in anaphase spindles and contractile rings, consistent with the physiological effects, suggesting also that myosin needs to be active in order to be properly distributed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:97–113, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Higher order structure of the PCM adjacent to the centriole
Authors: Ou Young Y. , Zhang Meifeng , Chi Simon , Matyas John R. , Rattner Jerome B. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe centrosome is the major microtubule organizing center in most animal cells. This cytoplasmic organelle consists of two components : a mature centriole (or a pair of centrioles) and a mass of pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM has been described as either a cloud of material that encases the entire centriole or as a cluster of proteins divided into two subsets, one that adheres to the lateral surface of the centriole and another that extends outward from this region as a cloud of material. In contrast to these protein distribution patterns, we demonstrated in a previous study that a subset of proteins present within the PCM is integrated together to form a tube (PCM tube) with an open and closed end that is duplicated in concert with centrosome duplication. The present study was undertaken to determine if this tubular conformation represents proteins that are confined to the surface of the centriole or if it represents a subset of proteins within the cloud of material that extends outward from the centriole. We document that : (1) the PCM tube represents a portion of the PCM directly associated with the centriole; (2) the PCM tube has a specific and reproducible relationship to the polar structure of the centriole; (3) the tube is a site of cytoplasmic microtubule organization, and has a structure that influences the initial pattern of microtubule assembly within the juxta‐centriolar region; and (4) the PCM tube has a structural relationship with respect to the centriole, which allows the simultaneous expression of centriole‐ and PCM‐based functions (e.g., ciliogenesis and cytoplasmic microtubule organization). Based on these findings, we propose a new model of the PCM at the centriole. This model highlights the role played by the proximal end of the centriole in the nucleation and organization of centriole‐associated PCM, and indicates that the centrosome has an overall polarity in the region of the centriole. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:125–133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Class III β‐tubulin in human development and cancer
Authors: Katsetos Christos D. , Herman Mary M. , Mörk Sverre J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe differential cellular expression of class III β‐tubulin isotype (βIII) is reviewed in the context of human embryological development and neoplasia. As compared to somatic organs and tissues, βIII is abundant in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS) where it is prominently expressed during fetal and postnatal development. As exemplified in cerebellar and sympathoadrenal neurogenesis, the distribution of βIII is neuron‐associated, exhibiting distinct temporospatial gradients according to the regional neuroepithelia of origin. However, transient expression of this protein is also present in the subventricular zones of the CNS comprising putative neuronal‐ and/or glial precursor cells, as well as in Kulchitsky neuroendocrine cells of the fetal respiratory epithelium. This temporally restricted, potentially non‐neuronal expression may have implications in the identification of presumptive neurons derived from embryonic stem cells. In adult tissues, the distribution of βIII is almost exclusively neuron‐specific. Altered patterns of expression are noted in cancer. In “embryonal”‐ and “adult‐type” neuronal tumors of the CNS and PNS, βIII is associated with neuronal differentiation and decreased cell proliferation. In contrast, the presence of βIII in gliomas and lung cancer is associated with an ascending histological grade of malignancy. Thus, βIII expression in neuronal tumors is differentiation‐dependent, while in non‐neuronal tumors it is aberrant and/or represents “dedifferentiation” associated with the acquisition of progenitor‐like phenotypic properties. Increased expression in various epithelial cancer cell lines is associated with chemoresistance to taxanes. Because βIII is present in subpopulations of neoplastic, but not in normal differentiated glial or somatic epithelial cells, the elucidation of mechanisms responsible for the altered expression of this isotype may provide insights into the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:77–96, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contractile cochlear frame in the gecko Teratoscincus scincus
Authors: Ganeshina Olga , Vorobyev Misha 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIt is generally accepted that the cartilaginous frame of the reptilian cochlea has only a passive supportive function. In this study, a ribbon of contractile tissue was revealed within the cartilaginous frame of the cochlea of the gecko Teratoscincus scincus. It consisted of tightly packed cells and received an extensive blood supply. The cytoplasm of the cells was filled with cytoskeletal filaments 5–7 nm thick as revealed by electron microscopy. Isolated tissue permeabilized with Triton X‐100 or glycerol reversibly contracted in the presence of ATP. Noradrenaline caused slow relaxation of the freshly isolated tissue placed in artificial perilymph. We suggest that slow motility of the contractile tissue may adjust passive cochlear mechanics to sounds of high intensities. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:539–547, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal pathways to the lateral superior olive labeled with biotinylated dextran amine injections in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of rats
Authors: Doucet John R. , Ryugo David K. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe lateral superior olive (LSO) contains cells that are sensitive to intensity differences between the two ears, a feature used by the brain to localize sounds in space. This report describes a source of input to the LSO that complements bushy cell projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of the rat label axons and swellings in several brainstem structures, including the ipsilateral LSO. Labeling in the ipsilateral LSO was confined to a thin band that extended throughout the length of the structure such that it resembled an LSO isofrequency lamina. The source of this labeled pathway was not obvious, because DCN neurons do not project to the LSO, and VCN bushy cells were not filled by these injections. Filled neurons in several brainstem structures emerged as possible sources. Three observations suggest that most of the axonal labeling in the LSO derives from a single source. First, the number of labeled VCN planar multipolar cells and the amount of labeling in the LSO were consistent and robust across animals. In contrast, the number of labeled cells in most other structures was small and highly variable. Second, the locations of planar cells and filled axons in the LSO were related topographically to the position of the DCN injection site. Third, labeled terminal arborizations in the LSO arose from collaterals of axons in the trapezoid body (output tract of planar cells). We infer that planar multipolar cells, in addition to bushy cells, are a source of ascending input from the cochlear nucleus to the LSO. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:452–465, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new method of damping harmonic resonance at the DC link in a large‐capacity rectifier‐inverter system
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiko , Fujikawa Shinji , Funabiki Shigeyuki 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method of damping harmonic resonance in the DC link of a large‐capacity rectifier‐inverter system, such as in rapid‐transit railways. A voltage‐source PWM converter is connected in series to the DC capacitor of the rectifier through a matching transformer, acting as a damping resistor to the DC capacitor current. No filters are needed to extract harmonic components from the DC capacitor current. This results in a quick response and highly stable damping. The relationship between the control gain of the PWM converter and the required rating is theoretically discussed. We show that the required rating is less than one‐thousandth of that previously proposed. In particular, regenerating the power consumed by the PWM converter is very important because of the large power in practical systems. Normally, an additional PWM inverter is connected to the DC bus of the PWM converter to regenerate the consumed power. The additional inverter regenerates the DC power to the AC source through a transformer. This method, however, makes the damping circuit complex, thus the proposed method for the DC‐link harmonic resonance is less practicable. In this paper, a simple and novel scheme that utilizes the DC‐link voltage of the rectifier as a DC source for the PWM converter is proposed. The excellent practicability of the proposed damping method with the novel regenerating scheme is confirmed using digital computer simulation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 53–62, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10172
Analysis of electromagnetic field transient on branch feeders by numerical electromagnetic field computation
Authors: Hasegawa Isao , Kato Shohei , Hirai Takao , Takinami Tutomu , Okabe Shigemitu 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the fundamental surge phenomenon when a step voltage is applied to a horizontal line above the ground which has branch feeders. We study line current and voltage at joint with the method of moments that calculates electromagnetic field in frequency domain. It is widely noted that the current reflection factor changes to a third at the junction of the same three lines in conventional transmission line theory based on TEM wave, and the stepwise current reflected appears overlapping to the incident current. On the other hand, the reflected current from the joint shows the inductive characteristic or the capacitive one depending on the angle between lines, which varies gradually and not stepwise in our numerical analysis considering TM wave. The time characteristic of the voltage at joint depends on the angles also, and the peak voltage slightly exceeds the voltage by the transmission line theory. These phenomena are caused by the electromagnetic coupling between the main line and branch lines. In addition to the computer simulations, we measured the currents in the reduced‐scale model lines and the results show the validity of our analysis regarding changes of the reflected current depending on the angles. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 1–8, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10176
Position and speed sensorless control for IPMSM based on estimation of position error
Authors: Morimoto Shigeo , Kawamoto Keisuke , Takeda Yoji 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn most variable‐speed drives of PMSM, some type of shaft sensor such as an optical encoder or resolver is connected to the rotor shaft. However, such sensor presents several disadvantages such as drive cost, machine size, reliability, and noise immunity. Therefore, the sensorless control of PMSM is desired and various sensorless control strategies have been investigated. This paper presents a novel sensorless control strategy for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A new model of IPMSM using an extended electromotive force (EMF) in the rotating reference frame is utilized in order to estimate both position and speed. The extended EMF is estimated by the least‐order observer, and the estimation position error is directly obtained. The proposed scheme corrects the estimated position and speed so that the estimation position error becomes zero. The proposed system is very simple and the design of the controller is easy. Several drive tests are carried out and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 43–52, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10180
A study of PWM carrier settings and harmonic reduction of a multiply connected voltage source type AC/DC converter
Authors: Funaki Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Shunsuke 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper discusses the voltage harmonics generated from the multiple connected voltage source type self‐commutated converter, which is switched with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal generated by comparing sinusoidal signal wave with triangle carrier wave. The conventional harmonics analysis of the multiple connected converters directly calculates Fourier coefficients to the output waveform. This paper formularized the harmonics component of single converter in a convenient expression for the analysis of multiple connected converters using the multiple Fourier transform. The obtained equations not only can give harmonics of the multiple connected converters easily, but also can give index to determine the suitable settings of the PWM carrier for harmonics reduction. The theoretical design of the harmonics reduction of the converter output is confirmed through EMTP simulations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 16–25, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10184