bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectroscopy in Combination with Background Near‐infrared Autofluorescence Enhances the In Vivo Assessment of Malignant Tissues
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Lui Harvey , McLean David I. , Korbelik Mladen , Zeng Haishan 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe diagnostic ability of optical spectroscopy techniques, including near‐infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy, NIR autofluorescence spectroscopy and the composite Raman and NIR autofluorescence spectroscopy, for in vivo detection of malignant tumors was evaluated in this study. A murine tumor model, in which BALB/c mice were implanted with Meth‐A fibrosarcoma cells into the subcutaneous region of the lower back, was used for this purpose. A rapid‐acquisition dispersive‐type NIR Raman system was employed for tissue Raman and NIR autofluorescence spectroscopic measurements at 785‐nm laser excitation. High‐quality in vivo NIR Raman spectra associated with an autofluorescence background from mouse skin and tumor tissue were acquired in 5 s. Multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were used to develop diagnostic algorithms for differentiating tumors from normal tissue based on their spectral features. Spectral classification of tumor tissue was tested using a leave‐one‐out, cross‐validation method, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to further evaluate the performance of diagnostic algorithms derived. Thirty‐two in vivo Raman, NIR fluorescence and composite Raman and NIR fluorescence spectra were analyzed (16 normal, 16 tumors). Classification results obtained from cross‐validation of the LDA model based on the three spectral data sets showed diagnostic sensitivities of 81.3%, 93.8% and 93.8%; specificities of 100%, 87.5% and 100%; and overall diagnostic accuracies of 90.6%, 90.6% and 96.9% respectively, for tumor identification. ROC curves showed that the most effective diagnostic algorithms were from the composite Raman and NIR autofluorescence techniques.
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Early Mortality Syndrome in Salmonids from Lakes Michigan and Huron
Authors: Wolgamood Martha , Hnath John G. , Brown Scott B. , Moore Kristin , Marcquenski Susan V. , Honeyfield Dale C. , Hinterkopf Joy P. , Fitzsimons John D. , Tillitt Donald E. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
To assess the extent that early mortality syndrome (EMS) impacts different Pacific salmonid stocks and the association of EMS with thiamine, we collected eggs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from three Lake Michigan tributaries (Platte River, Thompson Creek, and Root River) in 1996–2001. We also obtained eggs of Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Lake Michigan (Little Manistee River) and Lake Huron (Swan River) in 1998–2001. Unfertilized eggs from individual females were frozen for thiamine analysis, and the remainder were fertilized and reared until first feeding. We observed a high incidence of EMS in offspring when total egg thiamine levels were less than 1.7 nmol/g in both coho and Chinook salmon. In Lake Michigan strain coho salmon from the Platte River, EMS occurred in more than 70% of monitored families in 1996, 1999, 2000, and 2001, while 1997 and 1998 were years when EMS was low (&lt;25%). Hinchenbrooke strain coho salmon from Thompson Creek exhibited greater impacts from EMS in the years when EMS was low in the Lake Michigan strain coho salmon from the Platte River. Similar to coho salmon, Lake Michigan Chinook salmon also exhibited EMS (&gt;70%) in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Chinook salmon from Lake Huron exhibited high (&gt;70%) EMS in 2001, moderate (40–60%) EMS in 1999, and low (&lt;25%) EMS in 1998. Our data suggest that the incidence of EMS in salmonids varies by species, location, and year. The data support the general contention that EMS in salmonids is associated with low egg thiamine content.
Dynamic Analysis of Articulatory Movement Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Movies: Methods and Implications in Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Shinagawa Hideo , Ono Takashi , Honda Ei-Ichi , Masaki Shinobu , Shimada Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Ichiro , Sasaki Takehito , Iriki Atsushi , Ohyama Kimie 
Published: May 2005

Objectives To visualize articulatory movement using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) movie of a subject with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to demonstrate the usefulness of this method for studying oropharyngeal function. Material and Methods Dynamic changes in oropharyngeal structures were assessed with an MRI movie of a man with cleft lip and palate and in a normal adult male volunteer during the articulation of /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/. Results and Conclusions Different movement patterns were observed during articulation in the subject with CLP compared with the normal volunteer. Posterosuperior movement of the tongue and the anterior movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall were clearly visualized in the subject with CLP. Thus, MRI movies appear to be a promising tool for evaluating speech function in patients with CLP because of their noninvasive and nonradiation nature.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Children Aged 11 to 14 Years with Orofacial Conditions
Authors: Locker David , Jokovic Aleksandra , Tompson Bryan 
Published: May 2005

Objective To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of 11- to 14-year-old children with orofacial conditions. Design Thirty-nine patients with orofacial conditions were compared with 32 patients with dental caries. Outcome Measure The multidimensional 37-item Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 11- to 14-year-old children (CPQ11–14). This forms one component of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results The orofacial group had slightly higher scores on the CPQ11–14 than the dental group (p < .05). The scores were slightly to moderately higher on the functional limitations (p < .01) and social well-being (p < .01) domains. The groups did not differ with respect to oral symptoms or emotional well-being. Mouth breathing, problems with speech, missing school, being teased, and being asked questions about their condition were the only issues reported more frequently by the orofacial group (p < .01). There was no evidence of social inhibition or withdrawal in the orofacial group. The children with orofacial conditions rated their oral health better than the children with dental decay (p < .05). In both groups, the majority of children reported that their condition had little impact on their life overall. Conclusions Based on CPQ11–14 scores, there were few differences in the HRQoL of 11- to 14-year-old children with orofacial conditions, compared with children with dental caries. This suggests that the majority of these children are well adjusted and able to cope with the adversities they experience as a result of their conditions. This may reflect the quality of the team approach used at the treatment setting at which they were recruited.
Distraction Osteogenesis for Bony Repair of Cleft Palate by Using Persistent Elastic Force: Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Liang Limin , Liu Chunming , Bu Rongfa 
Published: May 2005

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of closing a cleft and lengthening the hard palate by the technique of distraction osteogenesis with elastic forces and to evaluate the influence of the management on the facial structure. Design Thirty 6-month-old mongrel dogs were assigned randomly to two groups with five subgroups for different purpose. Interventions An 8- × 25-mm cleft was surgically created in the posterior hard palate in experimental and sham control dogs. Bone markers were implanted in the hard palate. Osteotomies were carried out followed by the installation of a distractor made of NiTi-shape memory alloy. Outcome measures The results were evaluated clinically, radiographically, and histologically. Anthropometric data that represented the length, width, and height of the maxilla were taken on the dry skull of the control and experimental dogs and were analyzed statistically. Results The cleft was closed and the hard palate was lengthened after 2 to 3 weeks of distraction in all the experimental dogs. New bone formation was found at the site of osteotomy. The variables of facial length, height, and width showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > .05). The length of the hard palate in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group (p < .01). Conclusion Distraction osteogenesis with the elastic device of NiTi-shape memory alloy is effective for closing the cleft and lengthening the hard palate in a canine cleft model. There is no interference on the growth of the maxillofacial structures with the technique.
The Bacteriology of Children before Primary Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery
Authors: Chuo C. B. , Timmons M. J. 
Published: May 2005

Objective Bacterial infections can complicate any surgery. Knowledge of potentially pathogenic bacterial flora in children with cleft lip and palate allows appropriate risk management, including the need for prophylactic antibiotics. This project reviewed the bacteriology of children before primary cleft lip and palate surgery. Design A retrospective study of the results of nose, throat, and ear microbiological swabs taken from children, aged 1 to 26 months, before repair of primary cleft lip, cleft palate, or both was carried out. Swabs with Staphylococcus aureus and β-hemolytic streptococcus were considered positive. Results From October 1987 to May 2002, 321 primary cleft lip or palate operations were performed in 250 patients. Results from 326 sets of preoperative swabs were available, including five repeat sets from patients whose operations were postponed. There were 235 (72.1%) negative sets and 91 (27.9%) positive sets. Of the positive swabs, 86 sets grew S. aureus , and 10 sets grew β-hemolytic streptococcus. Conclusions Children with unrepaired cleft lip and palate have a significant risk of carrying S. aureus and a small risk of carrying β-hemolytic streptococci. These risks need to be considered when deciding on protocols for preoperative bacteriology tests and prophylactic antibiotics.
Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Experimental Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Williams William N. , Wharton Paul W. , Paulk Martha F. , Brown William S. , Turner Glenn E. , Stevens Gary 
Published: May 2005

Objective This study assessed a single subject's ability to detect the difference limen (DLs) for his self-generated intraoral air pressure while his oral and nasal cavities were experimentally coupled. Method The subject, a 46-year-old man, uses a speech bulb prosthesis to cover an unrepaired cleft of his hard and soft palates. The subject's oral and nasal cavities were experimentally coupled by drilling different size holes through the speech-bulb component of the prosthesis to approximate conditions of velopharyngeal insufficiency. There were four hole-size conditions (10, 15, 20, and 30 mm2), a no-prosthesis condition, and pre- and postbaseline conditions with the prosthesis intact. The subject blew into a tube connected to a pressure transducer and was presented with a series of paired pressure loads. The first pressure load of each pair was the referent (1, 3, or 5 cm H2O), and the second was a preselected comparator load of a different amount. The subject blew into the tube with sufficient force to center the voltage meter's needle at the zero mark. The subject then reported whether the second pressure load required more, less, or equal breath pressure, compared with the referent pressure load of that pair. Results Size of the hole coupling the oral/nasal cavities did not significantly affect the subject's difference limen. Conclusion Experimental coupling of the oral/nasal cavities did not affect this subject's ability to detect differences in his self-generated intraoral air pressure.
Audiological Status of Chinese Patients with Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Chu Katie M. Y. , McPherson Bradley 
Published: May 2005

Objective To review the audiological and otoscopic status of Chinese children and young adults seen at a cleft lip and palate clinic in Hong Kong and compare with previous studies of Western clinical populations. Design The hearing health status of the patients was analyzed on the basis of the results of their otoscopic, pure tone audiometric, and tympanometric examinations. The patients’ sex, age, race, and type of cleft pathology were examined for their potential relationship to hearing health status. Participants The records of 180 predominantly Chinese patients attending the Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Prince Philip Dental Hospital/University of Hong Kong from July 1977 to December 1999 were reviewed. Results and Conclusion The results indicated 13.4% of patient ears failed the audiometric screening and 23.7% of patient ears yielded abnormal tympanometric results. Patients’ sex, age, and type of cleft pathology were found not to be related to hearing screening results. The prevalence of hearing disorder was in contrast with Western studies that show a much higher rate of audiological problems in children and young adults with cleft lip/palate. Racial factors were considered to be possible reasons for this disparity. Other factors, such as timely medical and surgical intervention, including early cleft palate repair and the insertion of ventilation tubes in cases of middle ear effusion, do not convincingly account for the study findings.
No Evidence for Linkage and Association between 4q Microsatellite Markers and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Chilean Case-Parents Trios
Authors: Blanco Rafael , Suazo José , Santos JoséLuis , Carreño Hernán , Palomino Hernán , Jara Lilian 
Published: May 2005

Objective Nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCLP) has the characteristics of a complex genetic trait. Linkage and association studies have suggested that one or more clefting loci may be located on chromosome 4q. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible linkage and association due to linkage disequilibrium between five microsatellite markers located on 4q28 to 4q33 and NSCLP, using the case-parent trio design. Subjects and Methods A total of 56 Chilean families (32 simplex and 24 multiplex) were recruited. Microsatellite markers were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction with fluorescent-labeled forward primers, followed by electrophoresis on a laser-fluorescent sequencer. Case-parents trios were ascertained to assess linkage and linkage disequilibrium through a multistage procedure. Transmission disequilibrium tests for multiple alleles were carried out to assess the statistical significance of 4q28 to 4q33 microsatellite markers. Results Only weak evidence for linkage was obtained for the FGA marker (asymptotic uncorrected p value = .08 and empirical p value = .05). Only the FGA and UCP1 markers were selected for association analysis in trios, with unrelated cases achieving a nearly significant result for the UCP1 marker (asymptotic uncorrected p value = .07 and empirical p value = .19). Conclusion Though the FGA and UCP1 markers showed nearly significant p values for linkage and association, respectively, the results of the present study provided insufficient evidence of the existence of a major susceptibility locus in the 4q region that was analyzed in the present study.
Oral Disease Status of a Sample of Jordanian People Ages 10 to 28 with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Al-Wahadni Ahed , Alhaija Elham Abu , Al-Omari Mohammed Amin 
Published: May 2005

Objective To determine the levels of periodontal disease and dental caries in subjects with cleft lip and palate and to compare them with matched noncleft control subjects. Design A total of 32 subjects with cleft lip and palate, ages 10 to 28 years, and a similar number of noncleft control subjects were examined for plaque biofilm deposits, gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental caries by using the Silness and Löe plaque index (PI), Löe and Silness gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT) index, respectively. Setting Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, and Prince Rashed Hospital, Royal Medical Services, northern Jordan. Results Scores for PI, GI, PPD, and DMFT were significantly higher in subjects with cleft lip and palate than in control subjects. Conclusion Subjects with cleft lip and palate are at an increased risk for dental caries and periodontal disease when compared with a noncleft population.
Visual and Statistical Modeling of Facial Movement in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Trotman Carroll-Ann , Faraway Julian J. , Phillips Ceib 
Published: May 2005

Objective To analyze and display facial movement data from noncleft subjects and from patients with cleft lip and palate by using a new dynamic approach. The hypothesis was that there are differences in facial movement between the patients with cleft lip and palate and the noncleft subjects. Setting Subjects were recruited from the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry Orthodontic and Craniofacial Clinics. Patients, Participants Sixteen patients with cleft lip and palate and eight noncleft “control” subjects. Interventions Video recordings and measurements in three dimensions of facial movement. Main Outcome Measures Principal component (PC) scores for each of six animations or movements and dynamic modeling of mean animations. Statistics Multivariate statistics were used to test for significant differences in the PC mean scores between the patient groups and the noncleft groups. Results No statistically significant differences were found in PC mean scores between the patient groups and the noncleft groups; however, the variability of the effect of clefting on the soft tissues during animation was noted when the noncleft data were used to establish a “normal” scale of movement. Compensatory movements were seen in some of the patients with cleft lip and palate, and the compensation was not unidirectional. Conclusion Measures of mean movement differences as summarized by PC scores between patients with cleft lip and palate and noncleft subjects may be misleading because of extreme variations about the mean in the patient group that may neutralize group differences. It may be more appropriate to compare patients to a noncleft normal scale of movement.
Disillusionment, Health Status and Age: A Study of Value Differences of Midwestern Women
Authors: Query Joy M. N. , Steines Meriel 
Published: May 2005

Disillusionment theory was tested among samples of young, middle-aged and elderly females in a Metropolitan Community on the North Central Plains. This theory suggests that as age increases, so does disillusionment with major American values. The problems of advancing age and poor health, one of the characteristics of the aging experience, are in conflict with the dominant values in American society; a situation which is likely to bring about either a change in values, or expression of disillusionment. Adherence to the work-activity orientation is not likely to decrease since it continues to provide identification and meaning to life. Two hypotheses were substantiated by the data. Religious optimism among women decreases as age increases. The work-activity orientation among women does not decrease by age group. A third hypothesis, that among older women, belief in the mastery of science and technology over nature would decrease, was not supported. The orientation and value change among women according to the data presented is similar to that found for men on the themes of optimism and work-activity, but optimism rather than disillusionment was expressed about science-technology, suggesting the possibility of rural urban and sex differences.
The Performance of Performance Assessment in a Large-Scale Study of Computer Education
Authors: Welch Wayne W. , Anderson Ronald E. 
Published: May 2005

A performance assessment of word processing competencies was implemented as part of the International Evaluation of Achievement (IEA) of computer education. A national sample of eighth and eleventh grade students was given a series of word processing tasks and analyses of their performance was examined to determine the useability, reliability, and validity of the process. The assessment met generally acceptable standards for scale reliability and persuasive evidence of validity was obtained, for example, success was related to opportunity to learn word processing and eleventh grade students outperformed eighth grade students. Other findings were that girls outperformed boys on the performance assessment and no relationships were found between scores on the measure and level of parent education or availability of computers in the home.
Management of Marked Liver Enzyme Increase during Clozapine Treatment: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Erdogan Ayten , Kocabasoglu Nese , Yalug Irem , Ozbay Gulsen , Senturk Hakan 
Published: May 2005

Objective: Clozapine-induced hepatotoxicity is not infrequent and usually transient. It mostly causes asymptomatic elevation of liver transaminases. “Elevation in liver enzymes to what extent should preclude further treatment?” or “Is only a dose-reduction sufficient?” are questions yet to be answered. The present article uses a case report to discuss the treatment alternatives when liver enzymes reach three times the upper normal limits during the clozapine therapy. Methods: In the following case report, the authors describe a 27-year-old male patient diagnosed with schizophrenia, resistant to different atypical and typical antipsychotics. Based on the pathological findings of our patient and a review of the literature, the author summarizes the reasons for the liver enzymes increase and treatment alternatives during clozapine treatment. Results: Substantial improvement was achieved with clozapine therapy. Increase in liver enzymes at the beginning of the clozapine treatment was successfully managed with a multidisciplinary approach: the treatment was initially withdrawn, afterwards restarted, and carefully continued. Conclusion: The authors demonstrate that clozapine may be cautiously continued in selected patients who showed marked psychiatric improvement with clozapine in the face of liver enzyme elevation.
Client Perceptions of Two Antagonist Programs
Authors: Capone Thomas A. , Brahen Leonard S. , DeJulio Phil , Kalin Martin , Linden Scott , Marin Morisa 
Published: May 2005

This paper reports the results of a questionnaire administered to participants in an antagonist drug outpatient clinic and an antagonist drug work-release program. The aim of the study was to obtain an awareness of the degree of acceptance of the program by actual participants and any possible modifications that could be made. The questionnaire explored the reactions and responses of the participants in the program in areas that included: likes and dislikes of the program, drug treatment, counseling, recommendations of the participants. In addition, work-release inmates were asked about various components of the program including: work-release rules, demerit system, security, strip down, work, money system, weekend furloughs, attitude of the officers, attitude of the staff, treatment programs and food. The authors draw conclusions, and make recommendations relative to the programs.