bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return of Harrison–Zeldovich spectrum in light of recent cosmological tensions
Authors: Jiang Jun-Qian , Ye Gen , Piao Yun-Song 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The spectral index ns of scalar perturbation is the significant initial condition set by inflation theory for our observable Universe. According to Planck results, current constraint is ns = 0.965 ± 0.004, while an exact scale-invariant Harrison–Zeldovich spectrum, i.e. ns = 1, has been ruled out at 8.4σ significance level. However, it is well-known that the standard Lambda cold dark matter model is suffering from the Hubble tension, which is at ∼5σ significance level. This inconsistency likely indicates that the comoving sound horizon at last scattering surface is actually lower than expected, which so seems to be calling for the return of ns = 1. Here, in light of recent observations we find strong evidence for a ns = 1 universe. And we show that if so, it would be confirmed conclusively by CMB-S4 experiment.
Decolonizing bird knowledge: More-than-Western bird–human relations
Authors: Thomsen Bastian , Copeland Kellen , Harte Michael , Muurlink Olav , Villar Daniel A , Mirin Benjamin H , Fennell Samuel R , Deshwal Anant , Campbell Payton , Pekrul Ami , Murtough Katie L , Kulkarni Apoorva , Kumar Nishant , Thomsen Jennifer , Coose Sarah , Maxwell Jon , Zhang Zhenhuan , Nickerson Dane , Gosler Andrew 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) or local ecological knowledge (LEK) has only recently gained traction as “legitimate” science in Western academic discourse. Such approaches to inclusivity continue to face institutional, sociocultural, and equity barriers to being fully accepted in academic discourse in comparison to Western-based frameworks. Postcolonial studies have attempted to rectify this Western-domination in characterizing diverse forms of bird–human relationships. However, the integration of multiple cosmologies (worldviews) and ontologies (realities) in research or management creates challenges that we discuss. We elucidate commonalities and antithetical positions between Western-derived bird knowledge and management with that of TEK or LEK in both local and global contexts. We combine ecological/ornithological studies with key terms, theories, and methods from the social sciences to integrate the approaches and facilitate understanding. For example, we follow a “theory synthesis” approach in this conceptual paper to question epistemological and ontological assumptions of bird knowledge and how we acquire it to question, “how do we move from a decolonial approach (discussions and acknowledgement) to decolonization (action)?” This paper is a product of ongoing discourse among global researchers of an academic ethno-ornithology research lab based in the United Kingdom, who partner with global collaborators. The 3 case studies draw from ongoing research in Southeast Asia, South America, and decolonializing policy efforts in New Zealand. We analyzed these case studies using a postcolonial theoretical lens to provide insights into how Western scientists can embrace TEK and LEK and actively work to decolonize ethno-ornithology and ornithology in theory and practice. Further, we discuss perceived core tenets to equity and inclusion in community-based TEK and LEK conservation projects from the Global South. Diversity, equity, inclusivity, and justice in bird–human relations and knowledge were identified as targets for systemic change within the academic institutions of Western scientists. By recognizing, discussing, and embracing non-Western cosmologies and ontologies, non-Indigenous scientists can help influence the decolonization of ethno-ornithology, ornithology, and bird–human relations through respectful, participatory, equitable, culturally considerate, and “non-extractive” community-based initiatives in partnership with local groups.
The Troubled Transition
Authors: Roach Steven C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the transition from autonomy to statehood and the tensions that emerged between Garang’s New Sudan and secessionists. It then moves on to examine how the SPLM forcibly consolidated its power in the 2010 elections to advance the referendum process. By discussing its intimidation tactics, I show how the SPLM resorted to militarism or used violence to garner popular support. Not only did it end up excluding civil society actors from the drafting process of the Transitional Constitution but it also demonstrated the extent to which its leaders lacked civic training. The troubled transition in this sense exposed the effects of the lack of civic preparedness and the unfettered corruption of the ruling elite which recklessly extracted rents from the sudden influx of oil revenue. The problem, I conclude, was further compounded by the failure of international actors and donors to monitor the situation.
The Icon and the Idol
Authors: Wales Jordan Joseph 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Both Western societies and Christian communities are notoriously reticent to accept robots into the human social circle. More than a mere tribalism, this attitude may have deep religious roots. Christian theology identifies the person as a self-giving subject, a concept derived from early theological reflection on the triune God, who exists by interior self-gift. This sort of utter self-gift is understood as impossible to that which is merely material. Consulting several patristic and medieval theologians, this chapter applies their insights to two medieval legends of robots and one real Renaissance-era robot to illustrate the Christian tradition’s subtle understanding of how robots can glorify God by manifesting human self-gift—so long as this self-gift is not mistakenly attributed to the robot itself. The non-subjective robot is at its best when it stands for rather than stands in for human relationality. When treated as a subject in its own right, the robot as a product made-to-order becomes an idol, an instrument for the covert transformation of relational self-gift into a mere solipsistic mirroring of one’s own desires.
Becoming Human in a Technological World
Authors: Behr John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, John Behr examines what challenges the erasure of death from the horizon of sight in the modern Western world raises for our understanding of ourselves as embodied human beings. As Hervé Juvin notes in the last lines of his study, The Coming of the Body (2010), which examines the various ways in which our experience of embodiment has changed over the last century: ‘Alone, the body remembers that it is finite; alone it roots us in the limits, our last frontier (for how long?); and even if—especially if—it forgets, the body alone still prevents us from being God to ourselves and others.’ Bringing together insights from Hervé Juvin, Martha Nussbaum (‘Transcending Humanity’), and his own recent work on the Gospel of John and the theology of Irenaeus, Behr argues that the technological advances of the past century provide a unique, precious opportunity for us to recognize the important connection between mortality, being human, and the incarnation of God.
Remaining Focused
Authors: Waters Brent 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this chapter Brent Waters argues that human flourishing entails participation in communicative associations (e.g., church, family, and friendships). ‘Communication’ is derived from the Greek koinonia that can be variously translated as ‘communion,’ ‘community,’ or ‘communicate.’ Communicative associations promote the sharing, rather than the exchange, of material and immaterial goods that promote the wellbeing of their members. Over time, such sharing requires practicing a series of acts and relationships that are repetitive and mundane. Since human flourishing thereby comprises more ordinary than extraordinary behavior, the challenge is to prevent or to resist the various social forces driving the emerging technoculture from becoming distractions that effectively diminish human wellbeing. This, in turn, requires a critical engagement with technology rather than its rejection.
The Evolution of Wisdom in a Technological World
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Deane-Drummond suggests in this chapter that a Thomistic analysis of practical wisdom and wisdom per se illustrates a dialectic between—and even a blurring of—the boundaries between nature and grace. The concept of infused virtues is also important, as it gives an account of the action of God’s work of grace in the human person. Such grace-filled action is mediated through faith in Christ, who is more than simply a model of virtue, but is also the basis for human flourishing as such. The chapter illustrates, drawing on Aristotle and Aquinas, how technological inventions which include design are not morally neutral, reinforced through reflection on the socially embedded semiotic practices characteristic of hominins’ creation of tools. Further, a theological understanding of wisdom can help adjudicate uses of technology through reference to specific examples of new technologies that have become popular, such as those associated with the de-extinction of species. The author finally argues that rather than becoming redundant, paying attention to virtues both of practical wisdom and of wisdom per se provides the needed means toward human flourishing in a technological age.
Personhood and Human Flourishing in a Technological World
Authors: Lanier Jaron 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In response to the question posed by the scholars of the Human Flourishing in a Technological World project, ‘What is a person such that a person could flourish?,’ computer scientist and philosopher of technology Jaron Lanier argues that a person is a mystery or, as Lanier himself puts it, a ‘leap of faith.’ That is, the person is defined primarily by the capability for future-oriented creativity and invention. Lanier notes that the especially historically uncommon notion that human beings are replaceable is being propagated powerfully by tech-based media. This idea is based on the tacit assumption that human beings are merely machines—machines ultimately inferior to and therefore replaceable by presently implemented and ascendant Artificial Intelligence. In order to generate profit, the tech industry uses AI-driven social media to harvest consumer data for manipulating user habits through postings and advertising that appeal to our most primitive human instincts like greed and anger. Moreover, AI also threatens to replace human labor. But Lanier offers a different path forward, suggesting that technology like robots, sophisticated algorithms, and what we call Artificial Intelligence can be harnessed to assist human creativity and to improve labor conditions to help workers flourish rather than displacing them from work altogether.
Personhood, Consciousness, and Technology
Authors: Lanier Jaron 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this interdisciplinary dialogue, many of the scholars of the Human Flourishing in a Technological World project—Jens Zimmermann, Fr John Behr, Robert Doede, Thomas Fuchs, David Lewin, Eleanor McLaughlin, and Brent Waters—interview computer scientist and philosopher of technology Jaron Lanier, bringing together the disciplines of phenomenology, psychology, hermeneutics, historical theology, and more to interact with this prominent thinker. The conversation ranges over many topics and poses many questions. For example, what are the social and anthropological futures portended by technology? How should we conceive of the phenomenon of human consciousness vis-à-vis non-human animals and Artificial Intelligence? What are the understandings of personhood in Jewish, Christian, Tibetan, and other traditions, and how do they interact with technological development? What are the tactics employed by major technology companies (Google, Facebook, YouTube) to micromanage user interest for financial gain, and what notion of personhood enables such practices?
The Economy and Executive Approval in a Semi-Presidential Regime
Authors: Aguiar-Conraria Luís , Fernandes Bruno , Magalhães Pedro C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In semi-presidential systems, the public approval of both prime ministers and elected presidents can be, like elsewhere, affected by economic performance. However, the Portuguese case illustrates the persistence of a few blind spots in the study of popularity functions under semi-presidentialism. These concern how changing economic and institutional contexts produce an unstable relationship between economic performance and approval. Using simultaneous equation models of the popularity of both prime ministers and presidents, the authors examine two yet unexplored routes of inquiry in the Portuguese case. The first is the possibility that economic effects may be asymmetric, with bad times exerting stronger effects on approval than good times. The second concerns the way such effects are suppressed in periods of cohabitation between prime ministers and presidents from a different party serving their second (and last) term. The combination between cohabitation and lack of re-election incentives for presidents contributes to obscure accountability for economic performance, making it a less relevant driver of public approval of both entities.
Fog-of-War Machines
Authors: Geist Edward 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter builds upon the theoretical considerations described in the preceding one to outline how states could use artificial intelligence to thicken the fog of war for their rivals. By inverting the approaches that AI researchers have developed to reason about uncertainty, it appears to be possible to design algorithms to optimize obfuscation and deception, and theory suggests that deceivers enjoy a durable advantage against their opponents. States can probably leverage such algorithms to prevent adversaries from being able to target their nuclear deterrent forces—but the catch is that they cannot be confident that their rivals cannot see through their deceit. The chapter provides an illustrative example of how such a “fog-of-war machine” might be employed in practice to enhance the survivability of mobile missile launchers.
Diverse Ecologies for Sound and Music Studies
Authors: Allen Aaron S. , Titon Jeff Todd 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides the context, guiding questions, and key issues of the volume Sounds, Ecologies, Musics, in which nineteen contributors consider sound and music from ecological perspectives as well as ecologies from sonic standpoints. Ecomusicological work is no longer new in music and sound studies, yet such thinking has developed in sophistication and disciplinary reach during the deepening of the environmental crisis in the twenty-first century. Volume contributions are organized into three parts (all of which are frequently cross-referenced): music and sound in natural and built environments; music and sound in relation to traditional, Indigenous, and Western scientific ecological knowledges; and music and sound in various interdisciplinary ecological and environmental frameworks. In reviewing the existing literature as well as the new contributions in this volume, the authors propose the idea of “diverse ecologies” for sound and music studies to understand the many distinct, overlapping, conflicting, and mutually useful concepts. The goal of the volume is to provide opportunities for non-unitary meditations on approaches to diverse ecologies in sound and music studies. Relating the varied meanings and applications of ecologies to music and sound can improve understanding, allow for targeted interventions, and inspire and enact cultural change.
Biologists, Musicians, and the Ecology of Variation
Authors: Labaree Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
By way of current work in the life sciences, we can now update the links between music and nature claimed by nineteenth-century organicism. From this new perspective, a musical event is a complex systemic phenomenon that exhibits the same characteristics of emergence and self-organization as are found in nature. This chapter’s shorthand for this bio-musical approach is music in vivo. Through musical and biological examples, and recent writings by biologists and musicologists, the chapter considers how the musical commons might be continuous with the commons of all living things. The principal link between the two fields is in their shared processes, beginning with the continuity of musical variation with biological variation. Modeled on the study of natural processes as they are happening in vivo, this approach requires a conscious choice by musicians, listeners, and scholars to focus on changes occurring in real time—on music as performed and heard.
“Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold”
Authors: Schippers Huib , Howell Gillian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the depth of damage to music practices in places where armed conflict has torn apart the social and cultural fabric of a society. It demonstrates how such conditions can be understood and analyzed through the perspective of “cultural ecosystems,” which recognizes music practices as evolving and flourishing in a multidimensional and dynamic space that is here termed a “musisphere.” Much as a biosphere can be disturbed by ecological disbalances, human conflict can have profound and disastrous impact on a musisphere, the space that contains the sum of biotic and abiotic forces and factors that impact on the vitality of any music practice. The analysis considers the impact on music practices of conflict and post-conflict conditions across five key domains, focusing primarily on human agency. It augments this with consideration of a model of six critical junctures for (re)building music practices post-conflict in close collaboration with communities, in order to revitalize or develop new musical practices.
Self-Censorship, Self-Restraint, and the Ethics of Conversation
Authors: Messina J.P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
“Self-Censorship, Self-Restraint, and the Ethics of Conversation” distinguishes between self-censorship and the kind of self-restraint that responsible speakers exercise. It then lays out several categories of bad speech—speech from which responsible speakers refrain and argues that failures in self-restraint give others defeasible reasons to engage in social censorship. If people do not exercise their liberties responsibly, sanctions aimed at motivating people to do better (attempts to censor bad speech) are one fitting response. But since censorship is goal-directed activity, its rationality is subject to an effectiveness constraint. The chapter concludes with an analysis of peer-to-peer censorship dynamics, arguing that though bad speech generates pro tanto grounds for social interference with speakers, we are often not well positioned to intervene effectively.
Search and Monopoly
Authors: Messina J.P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The final substantive chapter, “Search and Monopoly,” articulates a theory of search censorship. Concerns about concentration in the market for search engines make plausible the fear that powerful gatekeepers with interests not necessarily aligned with the public interest can distort our understanding of important issues and compromise participatory institutions. In response, many have proposed leveraging antitrust statutes to curtail Google’s market power. The chapter investigates this set of recommendations, arguing that it is not as promising as its proponents believe and in fact poses substantial risks. Instead, we should make liberal use of many different search engines, improve information literacy, and remember that however useful search engines might be, there remain myriad ways of accessing information offline.
Underbaked or Unrealized
Authors: Moon Ruth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces two important beliefs guiding the Rwandan journalism field within the boundaries set by myth, politics, and economics. First, the close supervision of angles, story topics, and even reporting practices highlights a shared belief that the field is characterized by a lack of professionalism. This leads editors and other leaders to focus on training and other professional development tools as solutions to many problems in the field. It also supports a belief that, if reporters get in trouble or cause trouble, they are likely personally responsible for doing something unprofessional. This belief also reinforces a shared understanding that journalists can best contribute to Rwanda’s well-being by prioritizing development—leading many organizations and journalists within them to adopt a development-oriented role and associated news values of cooperation and positivity.
Bridging Worlds
Authors: Moon Ruth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the field position of journalists at transnational organizations. They have permission and, in some cases, a mandate to play by different news production rules than their counterparts working for local organizations, meaning they play by heterodox rather than orthodox rules. This chapter argues that the differences are best explained by the unique field position these organizations and, thus, their employees hold as bridging agents between local and global journalism fields. In Rwanda, the local and global journalism fields intertwine most clearly in the spaces represented by transnational news organizations. As a result, reporters working in these spaces have unique opportunities and challenges. While they do not bypass local journalism norms entirely, they also face the pressure and responsibility of producing work that meets the expectations of a global journalism field, which are in many ways quite different from those of the local scene.
What Is Weak Journalism Good For?
Authors: Moon Ruth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the book’s contribution to scholarship, policymaking, and journalism, and speculates on the future of journalism in Rwanda. It argues that the field’s current orientation toward development and limited autonomy is self-reinforcing for a number of reasons. The myths surrounding the role of media during the genocide lead journalists to adopt and embrace a weak social position. The financial constraints around news production prompt reluctance to anger powerful advertisers, and cooperative social values further complicate any journalistic impulses to investigate or report on conflict. Journalists who try to resist these pressures are automatically relegated to peripheral status. As a result, significant changes are unlikely unless Rwanda experiences major changes in governance or funding models while powerful actors fully within the local journalism field concurrently advocate for changes in the field’s doxa and values.