bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ‘Hub and Spoke’ Shared Care initiative for CTEV Ponseti service
Authors: Hussain Sabba A. , Russell Aisling , Cavanagh Sean E. , Bridgens Anna , Gelfer Yael 
Published: November 2023

AimsThe Ponseti method is the gold standard treatment for congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), with the British Consensus Statement providing a benchmark for standard of care. Meeting these standards and providing expert care while maintaining geographical accessibility can pose a service delivery challenge. A novel ‘Hub and Spoke’ Shared Care model was initiated to deliver Ponseti treatment for CTEV, while addressing standard of care and resource allocation. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and outcomes of the corrective phase of Ponseti service delivery using this model.MethodsPatients with idiopathic CTEV were seen in their local hospitals (‘Spokes’) for initial diagnosis and casting, followed by referral to the tertiary hospital (‘Hub’) for tenotomy. Non-idiopathic CTEV was managed solely by the Hub. Primary and secondary outcomes were achieving primary correction, and complication rates resulting in early transfer to the Hub, respectively. Consecutive data were prospectively collected and compared between patients allocated to Hub or Spokes. Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, or chi-squared tests were used for analysis (alpha-priori = 0.05, two-tailed significance).ResultsBetween 1 March 2020 and 31 March 2023, 92 patients (139 feet) were treated at the service (Hub 50%, n = 46; Spokes 50%, n = 46), of whom nine were non-idiopathic. All patients (n = 92), regardless of allocation, ultimately achieved primary correction, with idiopathic patients at the Hub requiring fewer casts than the Spokes (mean 4.0 (SD 1.4) vs 6.9 (SD 4.4); p < 0.001). Overall, 60.9% of Spokes’ patients (n = 28/46) required transfer to the Hub due to complications (cast slips Hub n = 2; Spokes n = 17; p < 0.001). These patients ultimately achieved full correction at the Hub.ConclusionThe Shared Care model was found to be feasible in terms of providing primary correction to all patients, with results comparable to other published services. Complication rates were higher at the Spokes, although these were correctable. Future research is needed to assess long-term outcomes, parents’ satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(11):865–872.
Detecting vibrations in digital holographic multiwavelength measurements using deep learning
Authors: Störk Tobias , Seyler Tobias , Fratz Markus , Bertz Alexander , Hensel Stefan , Carl Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Digital holographic multiwavelength sensor systems integrated in the production line on multi-axis systems such as robots or machine tools are exposed to unknown, complex vibrations that affect the measurement quality. To detect vibrations during the early steps of hologram reconstruction, we propose a deep learning approach using a deep neural network trained to predict the standard deviation of the hologram phase. The neural network achieves 96.0% accuracy when confronted with training-like data while it achieves 97.3% accuracy when tested with data simulating a typical production environment. It performs similar to or even better than comparable classical machine learning algorithms. A single prediction of the neural network takes 35 µs on the GPU.
Color characterization of infrared two-photon vision
Authors: Gil Pedro , Tabernero Juan , Manzanera Silvestre , Schwarz Christina , Artal Pablo 
Published: November 2023

Humans have the ability to perceive pulsed near-infrared (NIR) light as visible light with about half the wavelength through a process known as two-photon (2P) absorption. Although it has been known for several decades, color perception in 2P vision remains uncharacterized. In this study, we conducted color matching experiments between pulsed NIR light and continuous visible light. We investigated seven NIR wavelengths ranging from 880 to 1100 nm, along with three radiant power values at the pupil plane, varying from 10 to 30 µW. Through these experiments, we obtained chromatic coordinates, chromaticity diagrams, dominant wavelengths, and average spectra. We found a pronounced correlation between perceived hue and wavelength, with hues shifting from reddish purple at 880 nm to blue, green, and yellowish green at 1100 nm. Moreover, we observed a relationship between hue and power for the wavelengths closer to the visible end of the spectrum. This phenomenon appears to be a consequence of the intensity-dependent ratio between the single photon (1P) and 2P absorption efficiencies of the visual pigments.
High-responsivity on-chip waveguide coupled germanium photodetector for 2  μm waveband
Authors: Wang Jianing , Wang Xi , Li Yihang , Yang Yanfu , Song Qinghai , Xu Ke 
Published: November 2023

Recently, the emerging 2 μm waveband has gained increasing interest due to its great potential for a wide scope of applications. Compared with the existing optical communication windows at shorter wavelengths, it also offers distinct advantages of lower nonlinear absorption, better fabrication tolerance, and larger free carrier plasma effects for silicon photonics, which has been a proven device technology. While much progress has been witnessed for silicon photonics at the 2 μm waveband, the primary challenge still exists for on-chip detectors. Despite the maturity and compatibility of the waveguide coupled photodetectors made of germanium, the 2 μm regime is far beyond its cutoff wavelength. In this work, we demonstrate an efficient and high-speed on-chip waveguide-coupled germanium photodetector operating at the 2 μm waveband. The weak sub-bandgap absorption of epitaxial germanium is greatly enhanced by a lateral separation absorption charge multiplication structure. The detector is fabricated by the standard process offered by a commercial foundry. The device has a benchmark performance with responsivity of 1.05 A/W and 3 dB bandwidth of 7.12 GHz, which is able to receive high-speed signals with up to 20 Gbit/s data rate. The availability of such an efficient and fast on-chip detector circumvents the barriers between silicon photonic integrated circuits and the potential applications at the 2 μm waveband.
Comparison of door-to-door and fixed-point delivery of azithromycin distribution for child survival in Niger: A cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Arzika Ahmed M. , Maliki Ramatou , Amza Abdou , Karamba Alio , Gallo Nasser , Aichatou Bawa , Sara Ismael Issa , Beidi Diallo , Haroun Laminou Maliki , Oumarou Farissatou , Lebas Elodie , Peterson Brittany , Colby Emily , Nguyen William , Liu Zijun , Fitzpatrick Meagan C. , Arnold Benjamin F. , Lietman Thomas M. , O’Brien Kieran S. ,   the AVENIR Study Group
Published: November 2023

Recent evidence indicates mass azithromycin distribution reduces under-5 mortality. This intervention is being considered for child survival programs in high mortality sub-Saharan African settings. The delivery approach used in prior studies required a full-time census and distribution team, which is not feasible for most programs. To determine the optimal programmatic approach to delivery, this study aimed to compare treatment coverage, costs, and acceptability of different delivery approaches with existing community health workers (CHWs). This cluster-randomized trial included rural and peri-urban communities in Dosso, Niger (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04774991). A random sample of 80 eligible communities was randomized 1:1 to biannual door-to-door or fixed-point delivery of oral azithromycin to children 1–59 months old over 1 year. Data analysts alone were masked given the nature of the intervention. The primary outcome was community-level treatment coverage defined as the number of children treated recorded by CHWs divided by the number of eligible children determined using a post-distribution census. Costs were monitored through routine administrative data collection and micro-costing. The census included survey questions on intervention acceptability among caregivers, community leaders, and CHWs. After randomization, 1 community was excluded due to inaccuracies in available administrative data, resulting in 39 communities receiving door-to-door delivery. At the second distribution, community-level mean treatment coverage was 105% (SD 44%) in the door-to-door arm and 92% (SD 20%) in the fixed-point arm (Mean difference 13%, 95% CI -2% to 28%, P-value = 0.08). The total cost per dose delivered was $1.91 in the door-to-door arm and $2.51 in the fixed-point arm. Indicators of acceptability were similar across stakeholder groups in both arms, with most respondents in each group indicating a preference for door-to-door. Overall, door-to-door delivery is the preferred approach to azithromycin distribution in this setting and might reach more children at a lower cost per dose delivered than fixed-point.
Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT04774991.
Remote evaluation of STH program coverage: Experiences from the DeWorm3 study, India
Authors: Aruldas Kumudha , Ramesh Rohan Michael , Oswald William E. , Janagaraj Venkateshprabhu , Titus Angelin , Johnson Jabaselvi , Saxena Malvika , Israel Gideon John , Halliday Katherine , Walson Judd L. , Means Arianna Rubin , Ajjampur Sitara Swarna Rao 
Published: November 2023

Background
The DeWorm3 trial is a multi-country study testing the feasibility of interrupting transmission of soil-transmitted helminths by community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). Treatment coverage during cMDA delivery was validated by in-person coverage evaluation surveys (CES) after each round of treatment. A mobile phone-based CES was carried out in India when access to households was restricted during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods
Two focus group discussions were conducted with the survey implementers to document their experiences of conducting phone-based CES via mobile-phone voice calls.

Principal findings
In the phone-based CES, only 56% of sampled households were reached compared to 89% during the in-person CES (89%). This was due to phone numbers being wrongly recorded, or calls being unanswered leading to a higher number of households that had to be sampled in order to achieve the sample size of 2,000 households in phone-based CES compared in-person CES (3,600 and 2,352 respectively). Although the phone-based CES took less time to complete than in person coverage evaluations, the surveyors highlighted the lack of gender representation among phone survey participants as it was mostly men who answered calls and were then interviewed. The surveyors also mentioned that eliciting responses to open-ended questions and confirming treatment compliance from every member of the household was challenging during phone based CES. These observations were confirmed by analysing the survey participation data which showed women’s participation in CES was significantly lower in phone-based CES (66%) compared to in-person CES (94%) (Z = -22.38; p<0.01) and that a significantly higher proportion of households provided proxy responses in phone-based CES (51%) compared to in-person CES (21%) (Z = 20.23; p<0.01).

Conclusions
The phone-based CES may be a viable option to evaluate treatment coverage but issues such as participation bias, gender inclusion, and quality of responses will need to be addressed to optimize this methodology.
Treatment for radiographically active, sputum culture-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gray Adam Thorburn , Macpherson Liana , Carlin Ffion , Sossen Bianca , Richards Alexandra S. , Kik Sandra V. , Houben Rein M. G. J. , MacPherson Peter , Quartagno Matteo , Rogozińska Ewelina , Esmail Hanif 
Published: November 2023

Background
People with radiographic evidence for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), but negative sputum cultures, have increased risk of developing culture-positive TB. Recent expansion of X-ray screening is leading to increased identification of this group. We set out to synthesise the evidence for treatment to prevent progression to culture-positive disease.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for prospective trials evaluating the efficacy of TB regimens against placebo, observation, or alternative regimens, for the treatment of adults and children with radiographic evidence of TB but culture-negative respiratory samples. Databases were searched up to 18 Oct 2022. Study quality was assessed using ROB 2·0 and ROBINS-I. The primary outcome was progression to culture-positive TB. Meta-analysis with a random effects model was conducted to estimate pooled efficacy. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021248486).

Findings
We included 13 trials (32,568 individuals) conducted between 1955 and 2018. Radiographic and bacteriological criteria for inclusion varied. 19·1% to 57·9% of participants with active x-ray changes and no treatment progressed to culture-positive disease. Progression was reduced with any treatment (6 studies, risk ratio [RR] 0·27, 95%CI 0·13–0·56), although multi-drug TB treatment (RR 0·11, 95%CI 0·05–0·23) was significantly more effective than isoniazid treatment (RR 0·63, 95%CI 0·35–1·13) (p = 0·0002).

Interpretation
Multi-drug regimens were associated with significantly reduced risk of progression to TB disease for individuals with radiographically apparent, but culture-negative TB. However, most studies were old, conducted prior to the HIV epidemic and with outdated regimens. New clinical trials are required to identify the optimal treatment approach.
Supporting clinical decision making in the emergency department for paediatric patients using machine learning: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Leonard Fiona , O’Sullivan Dympna , Gilligan John , O’Shea Nicola , Barrett Michael J. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Machine learning as a clinical decision support system tool has the potential to assist clinicians who must make complex and accurate medical decisions in fast paced environments such as the emergency department. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review, with the objective of summarising the existing research on machine learning clinical decision support system tools in the emergency department, focusing on models that can be used for paediatric patients, where a knowledge gap exists.

Materials and methods
The methodology used will follow the scoping study framework of Arksey and O’Malley, along with other guidelines. Machine learning clinical decision support system tools for any outcome and population (paediatric/adult/mixed) for use in the emergency department will be included. Articles such as grey literature, letters, pre-prints, editorials, scoping/literature/narrative reviews, non-English full text papers, protocols, surveys, abstract or full text not available and models based on synthesised data will be excluded. Articles from the last five years will be included. Four databases will be searched: Medline (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE and Cochrane Central. Independent reviewers will perform the screening in two sequential stages (stage 1: clinician expertise and stage 2: computer science expertise), disagreements will be resolved by discussion. Data relevant to the research question will be collected. Quantitative analysis will be performed to generate the results.

Discussion
The study results will summarise the existing research on machine learning clinical decision support tools in the emergency department, focusing on models that can be used for paediatric patients. This holds the promise to identify opportunities to both incorporate models in clinical practice and to develop future models by utilising reviewers from diverse backgrounds and relevant expertise.
Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation on psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Qianqian , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Qian , Zhang Chijin 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Our aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.

Patients and methods
As of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.

Results
333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.

Conclusions
The efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.
Clinical outcomes of immunoglobulin treatment for patients with secondary antibody deficiency: Data from the Ontario immunoglobulin treatment case registry
Authors: Abadeh Armin , Shehadeh Sarah , Betschel Stephen , Waserman Susan , Cameron Donald William , Cowan Juthaporn 
Published: November 2023

Background
Despite the increasing number of cases of secondary antibody deficiency (SAD) and immunoglobulin (Ig) utilization, there is a paucity of data in the literature on clinical and patient-reported outcomes in this population.

Objective
To describe immunoglobulin utilization patterns, clinical and patient-reported outcomes in patients with SAD on immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT).

Methods
A cross-sectional study of patients with secondary antibody deficiency enrolled in the Ontario Immunoglobulin Treatment (ONIT) Case Registry from June 2020 to September 2022 was completed. Demographics, comorbidities, indications for immunoglobulin treatment, clinical infections at baseline and post IgRT, and patient-reported outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results
There were 140 patients (58 males; 82 females; median age 68) with SAD during the study period; 131 were on subcutaneous Ig (SCIG) and 9 were on intravenous Ig (IVIG). The most common indication was chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (N = 52). IgRT reduced the average annual number of infections by 82.6%, emergency room (ER) visits by 84.6%, and hospitalizations by 83.3%. Overall, 84.6% of patients reported their health as better compared to before IgRT. Among those patients who switched from IVIG to SCIG (N = 35), 33.3% reported their health as the same, and 62.9% reported their health as better.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that IgRT significantly improved clinical outcomes and patient-reported general health state in patients with SAD. This study also further supports the use of SCIG in patients with SAD.
Prevalence and clinical implications of respiratory viruses in asthma during stable disease state and acute attacks: Protocol for a meta-analysis
Authors: Alimani Gioulinta S. , Ananth Sachin , Boccabella Cristina , Khaleva Ekaterina , Roberts Graham , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Kosmidis Chris , Vestbo Jørgen , Papageorgiou Effie , Beloukas Apostolos , Mathioudakis Alexander G. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Viruses are detected in over 50% of acute asthma attacks and in a notable proportion of patients with asthma during stable disease state They are associated with worse outcomes. We will conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to quantify the prevalence and clinical burden of various respiratory viruses in stable asthma and acute asthma attacks. In addition, we will assess the viral loads of respiratory viruses during stable and acute asthma, to explore whether viral load could differentiate attacks triggered by viruses versus those where viruses are present as “innocent bystanders”.

Materials and methods
Based on a prospectively registered protocol (PROSPERO, ID: CRD42023375108) and following standard methodology recommended by Cochrane, we will systematically search Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and relevant conference proceedings for studies assessing the prevalence or clinical burden of respiratory viruses in asthma. Methodological rigour of the included studies will be appraised using a tool specific for prevalence studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale respectively. In anticipation of significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity, we will conduct random effect meta-analyses. For evaluating the prevalence of viruses, we will perform meta-analyses of proportions using the inverse variance method, and the Freeman-Tukey transformation. We will conduct meta-regression analyses for exploring heterogeneity.

Conclusion
We envisage that these systematic reviews and meta-analyses will quantify the prevalence and burden of respiratory viruses in stable and acute asthma and will drive future research and clinical practice.
Dysfunction of peripheral somatic and autonomic nervous system in patients with severe forms of Crohn’s disease on biological therapy with TNFα inhibitors–A single center study
Authors: Wasserbauer Martin , Mala Sarka , Stechova Katerina , Hlava Stepan , Cernikova Pavlina , Stovicek Jan , Drabek Jiri , Broz Jan , Pichlerova Dita , Kucerova Barbora , Liskova Petra , Kral Jan , Bartuskova Lucia , Keil Radan 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Crohn’s disease (CD) can be associated with a wide range of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), including neurological ones. Published studies differ in their conclusions about the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of neurological EIMs. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the presence and find risk factors of peripheral (somatic and autonomic) neuropathy patients with severe CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy.

Material and methods
A clinical examination focusing on detection of peripheral sensor-motor nervous dysfunction (including Sudoscan) and examination of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (using Ewing´s battery tests and spectral analysis) together with laboratory tests and collection of demographic data followed by administration of questionnaires were performed on a total of 30 neurologically asymptomatic outpatients with severe CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy.

Results
Peripheral sensor-motor nervous function via clinical neurological examination was pathological in 36.7% and Sudoscan in 33.3% of cases. Statistically significant associations between vibration perception test and age, CD and biological therapy duration, body mass index and Crohn’s Disease Activity Index were proved while statistically significant associations between temperature perception test and age and BMI were proved as well. Additionally, a decrease of total protein in a patient´s serum below the physiological cut-off in the 6 months prior to measurement was associated with a pathological result of a Sudoscan. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy based on Ewing´s battery tests was present in 56.7% of patients, no statistically significant risk factors were found. Our peripheral neuropathy questionnaire correlated with the results of the Sudoscan test and some tests of the clinical examination of peripheral sensor-motor nervous function (discriminatory contact perception test, temperature perception test).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of peripheral (especially autonomic) neuropathy and verified some risk factors for the development of peripheral somatic neuropathy in asymptomatic patients with severe form of CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy.