bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in lymphokine receptor expression and fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in rat adipocytes associated with lymph nodes following a transient immune challenge
Authors: Priddle J.D. , Mattacks C.A. , Sadler D.A. , MacQueen H.A. , Pond C.M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSingle‐photon counting fluorimetry was used to record the time course of the expression of interleukin‐10 receptors labelled with fluorescent antibodies on the surface of adipocytes over 24 h, following an immune challenge to the rat popliteal lymph node. Homologous perinodal and remote‐from‐node samples from the stimulated and unstimulated popliteal depots were compared in rats fed on plain chow and chow supplemented with 10% w/w suet, fish or vegetable oils. Receptor expression was maximal 6 h after stimulation, and returned to baseline after 24 h, and was similar in the stimulated and unstimulated depots. Fewer receptors were elicited in tissues from rats fed lipid‐supplemented diets compared with the control diet, with fewest of all following the fish oil diet. These data suggest that interleukin‐10 is involved in local interactions between perinodal adipocytes and lymph node lymphoid cells. Both triacylglycerols and phospholipids contained more polyunsaturates and fewer saturates in perinodal adipose tissue than in samples from sites not associated with lymphoid tissue. These data are consistent with paracrine interactions between perinodal adipocytes and activated lymphoid cells.
NEW PRACTICES IN THE CULTIVATION OF THE MINT, MENTHA ARVENSIS IN THE INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS
Authors: SINGH A. K. , SRIVASTAVA R. K. , KALRA A. , BANSAL R. P. , TOMAR V. K. S. , BAHL J. R. , KUMAR S. 
Published: April 2003

India is the world's dominant producer of crude Mentha arvensis oil, and exporter of its processed derivative, natural menthol. This status has been achieved through superior product price competitiveness resulting from progressive agronomic improvements that include a transition from cultivation of this mint as a semi-perennial to an annual crop. This paper describes and analyses recent developments in Indian M. arvensis cultivation.Observations were made during 1998/99 and 1999/2000 in the fields of 295 farmers in the central Indo-Gangetic plains area. The criteria recorded included: mint cultivars used; the planting, weeding, irrigation, pesticide application and harvesting schedules; crop health in relation to diseases and pests; yields of the harvested herb and the distilled essential oil; the oil menthol content; and the net income.Most of the farmers used the cultivar, Kosi. The performance and returns of Kosi transplanted in April had proved superior to Kosi and Shivalik suckers and to transplanted Shivalik. The returns from late-transplanted Kosi were in the range of Rupees (Rs) 25 000 to Rs 40 000 ha−1 (Rs 50≈US$1), similar to those from Kosi suckers and much higher than for both transplanted and suckers of Shivalik. This survey revealed that rotations of rice (Oryza sativa) with chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and mint, and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and mint could be profitable in the central Indo-Gangetic plains. They also conserved inputs and were preferable to the conventional rice-wheat rotation. A re-survey in the summer of 2002 confirmed that recommendations made to farmers have led to the adoption of the Kosi and Himalaya cultivars in 80% of the survey region and that 70% of mint cultivation in the area occurs in the summer season.
Recurrent brief depressive disorder reinvestigated: a community sample of adolescents and young adults
Authors: PEZAWAS L. , WITTCHEN H.-U. , PFISTER H. , ANGST J. , LIEB R. , KASPER S. 
Published: April 2003

Background. This article presents prospective lower bound estimations of findings on prevalence, incidence, clinical correlates, severity markers, co-morbidity and course stability of threshold and subthreshold recurrent brief depressive disorder (RBD) and other mood disorders in a community sample of 3021 adolescents.Method. Data were collected at baseline (age 14–17) and at two follow-up interviews within an observation period of 42 months. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results. Our data suggest that RBD is a prevalent (2·6%) clinical condition among depressive disorders (21·3%) being at least as prevalent as dysthymia (2·3%) in young adults over lifetime. Furthermore, RBD is associated with significant clinical impairment sharing many features with major depressive disorder (MDD). Suicide attempts were reported in 7·8% of RBD patients, which was similar to MDD (11·9%). However, other features, like gender distribution or co-morbidity patterns, differ essentially from MDD. Furthermore, the lifetime co-occurrence of MDD and RBD or combined depression represents a severe psychiatric condition.Conclusions. This study provides further independent support for RBD as a clinically significant syndrome that could not be significantly explained as a prodrome or residual of major affective disorders.
Hematopoietic stem cells: can old cells learn new tricks?
Authors: Ho Anthony D , Punzel Michael 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Since the establishment of cell lines derived from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, it has been speculated that out of such “raw material,” we could some day produce all sorts of replacement parts for the human body. Human pluripotent stem cells can be isolated from embryonic, fetal, or adult tissues. Enormous self-renewal capacity and developmental potential are the characteristics of ES cells. Somatic stem cells, especially those derived from hematopoietic tissues, have also been reported to exhibit developmental potential heretofore not considered possible. The initial evidences for the plasticity potential of somatic stem cells were so encouraging that the opponents of ES cell research used them as arguments for restricting ES cell research. In the past months, however, critical issues have been raised challenging the validity and the interpretation of the initial data. Whereas hematopoietic stem-cell therapy has been a clinical reality for almost 40 years, there is still a long way to go in basic research before novel therapy strategies with stem cells as replacement for other organ systems can be established. Given the present status, we should keep all options open for research in ES cells and adult stem cells to appreciate the complexity of their differentiation pathways and the relative merits of various types of stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12 directly enhances survival/antiapoptosis of myeloid progenitor cells through CXCR4 and Gαi proteins and enhances engraftment of competitive, repopulating stem cells
Authors: Broxmeyer Hal E , Kohli Lisa , Kim Chang H , Lee Younghee , Mantel Charlie , Cooper Scott , Hangoc Giao , Shaheen Montaser , Li Xiaxin , Clapp D Wade 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) enhances survival of myeloid progenitor cells. The two main questions addressed by us were whether these effects on the progenitors were direct-acting and if SDF-1/CXCL12 enhanced engrafting capability of competitive, repopulating mouse stem cells subjected to short-term ex vivo culture with other growth factors. SDF-1/CXCL12 had survival-enhancing/antiapoptosis effects on human bone marrow (BM) and cord blood (CB) and mouse BM colony-forming units (CFU)-granulocyte macrophage, burst-forming units-erythroid, and CFU-granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte with similar dose responses. The survival effects were direct-acting, as assessed on colony formation by single isolated human BM and CB CD34+++ cells. Effects were mediated through CXCR4 and Gαi proteins. Moreover, SDF-1/CXCL12 greatly enhanced the engrafting capability of mouse long-term, marrow-competitive, repopulating stem cells cultured ex vivo with interleukin-6 and steel factor for 48 h. These results extend information on the survival effects mediated through the SDF-1/CXCL12–CXCR4 axis and may be of relevance for ex vivo expansion and gene-transduction procedures.
Monocyte and macrophage functions in M-CSF-deficient op/op mice during experimental leishmaniasis
Authors: Schönlau Frank , Schlesiger Christian , Ehrehen Jan , Grabbe Stephan , Sorg Clemens , Sunderkötter Cord 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Mice with a naturally occurring Csfmop/Csfmop (op/op) gene mutation lack functional macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and are deficient of M-CSF-derived macrophages. They are severely monocytopenic, and their remaining M-CSF-independent macrophages were shown to differ in differentiation and distinct functions when compared with phenotypicaly normal mice of the same background. It is not known if osteopetrosis mice (op/op mice) are able to mount a specific immune response against intracellular pathogens, as this would require complex effector functions by macrophages. We therefore investigated the ability of op/op mice and their M-CSF-independent macrophages to combat infection with Leishmania major. op/op mice retained the ability to resist an infection with L. major by mounting a T helper cell type 1 cell response, eliminating parasites and resolving the lesions. Macrophages from op/op mice were able to sufficiently perform effector functions in vitro, such as phagocytosis, production of leishmanicidal nitric oxide (NO), killing of parasites, and release of interleukin (IL)-12. There were quantitative differences, as M-CSF-derived macrophages from hematopoietic organs of control mice showed significantly higher rates of phagocytosis and higher NO release after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides than corresponding macrophages from op/op mice. In contrast, when peritoneally elicited macrophages were used, those from op/op mice revealed a stronger response than those from control mice with regard to release of NO or IL-12. These differences suggest that M-CSF-independent maturation of op/op monocytes subsequent to their release from hematopoietic tissue exerts influence on their effector functions. However, M-CSF or M-CSF-derived macrophages are not necessary for an effective immune response against L. major.
Facile Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines
Authors: Majo Vattoly J. , Prabhakaran Jaya , Mann J. John , Dileep Kumar J. S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAn efficient palladium‐catalyzed synthesis of 3‐arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines has been investigated. The key step in the synthesis is a Suzuki biaryl coupling of 3‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethyl‐7‐aminopyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines with arylboronic acids to provide 3‐arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in moderate to good yield. The synthetic utility of this methodology has been demonstrated by a concise and convergent synthesis of R121920, a potent CRHR1 antagonist recently undergoing clinical evaluations.
Microencapsulated Osmium Tetroxide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins in Water without Using Organic Cosolvents
Authors: Ishida Tasuku , Akiyama Ryo , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefin using phenoxyethoxymethyl‐polystyrene (PEM)‐based microencapsulated osmium tetroxide (PEM‐MC OsO4) proceeded smoothly in water as the sole solvent. The catalyst was recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused several times without loss of activity.
Anwendungen der Zytometrie in der Biotechnologie
Authors: Marx A. , Hewitt C.J. , Grewal R. , Scheer S. , Vandré K. , Pfefferle W. , Kossmann B. , Ottersbach P. , Beimfohr C. , Snaidr J. , Augé C. , Reuss M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractNo abstracts.
Lewis Acidic Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids: Novel Reaction Media for the Synthesis of 4‐Chloropyrans
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. S. , Reddy Maddi Sridhar , Niranjan Namelikonda , Prasad Attaluri R. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract1‐n‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloroaluminate [bmim]Cl·AlCl3 (N = 0.56−0.67) ionic liquid has been employed as an alternative reaction medium to conventional acid catalysts for Prins cyclizations, to produce 4‐chlorotetrahydropyran derivatives in excellent yields and in short reaction times. The ionic liquid plays a dual role as both catalyst and solvent, providing a rapid and efficient route to the synthesis of chlorotetrahydropyrans. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Field evaluation and comparison of two models for simulation of soil‐water dynamics
Authors: Parsinejad M. , Feng Y. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe growing interest in simulation of water and solute movement in soils is in response to the need for development of solutions for various agricultural and environmental management problems. In order to be able to adopt models for simulation of the effects of various soil management practices with confidence, it is important that the capabilities of these models and credibility of their results be tested. In this study, predicted soil‐water contents by the simple LEACHW and comprehensive ecosys models are compared against field measurements using TDR during a selected period with heavy precipitation. A detailed examination of actual soil‐water status, during and after intense precipitation events showed an underestimation of actual drainage fluxes by LEACHW. Such events contribute most in the production of drainage fluxes. Differences in algorithm adopted by the two models are presented and discussed. The algorithm of ecosys resulted in more dynamic water fluxes between layers, which has resulted in better‐predicted results than LEACHW, especially at the soil surface. Overall, performance of the two models was found to be reasonable for prediction of soil‐water. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ long‐term redox potential measurements in a dyked marsh soil
Authors: Mansfeldt Tim 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe long‐term measurement of soil redox potential (EH) by permanently installed Pt electrodes may be restricted by electrode breakdown (electrode rupture and resin leakage) and contamination, especially under wet and strongly reducing soil conditions. The EH of a slightly alkaline (pH 7.1 to 7.3) Calcaric Gleysol developed from marine sediment in the dyked marsh of Schleswig‐Holstein, Northern Germany, was monitored weekly during a 4‐year period using permanently installed Pt electrodes. Measurements were performed in fivefold at 10, 30, 60, 100, and 150 cm. Furthermore, water table level was recorded. Sulfide occurred in 150 cm as a heritage of the previous marine environment. Mean water table level was 84 cm below the soil surface but was characterized by both short‐term and seasonally strong fluctuations. Levels of water table ranged from 33 to >200 cm below soil surface. In consistence with water table level, the EH continually decreased with soil depth. Mean redox conditions were oxidizing at 10 (550 mV) and 30 cm (430 mV), weakly reducing at 60 cm (230 mV), and moderately reducing at 100 (120 mV) and 150 cm depth (–80 mV). Soil hydrology differed markedly during the study as expressed by periods of water saturation for each depth. This was reflected by Pt electrodes response, since period of water saturation and EH were significantly negatively correlated as calculated for each year and depth (rs = –0.971; n = 20; P < 0.01). The 60‐cm depth was most frequently influenced by water table fluctuations, showed the largest EH range (920 mV) and the most distinct seasonal pattern in EH. Good function of the electrodes in this depth can be concluded even after long time of installation in soil. Although established in a sulfide‐bearing environment, three of five electrodes at 150 cm showed a substantial increase (+500 mV) in EH during summer of the third and fourth years of investigation, which had low water tables. It is not clear whether the non‐response of two electrodes was due to electrode contamination or spatial variation in EH. When operating in reducing systems, this problem can be circumvented by installing a large number of electrodes or by a regular replacement of electrodes. Using properly constructed and permanently installed Pt electrodes, soil EH can be monitored for extended periods under wet and reducing soil conditions.
Electron gas with polaronic effects: beyond the mean‐field theory
Authors: Bassani F. G. , Cataudella V. , Chiofalo M. L. , De Filippis G. , Iadonisi G. , Perroni C. A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe occurrence of polaronic behaviour in real solids is often accompanied by strong exchange and correlation effects in the electron gas besides being strongly entangled to the phononic degrees of freedom. Such effects can be relevant for the instability towards Wigner crystallization or charge density waves, or yet for the polaron role in high‐Tc superconductors and in manganites. The inclusion of exchange and correlation in the coupled electron–phonon system is thus highly desirable. In this work, we exploit the density functional theory and its time‐dependent extension to construct an appropriate effective potential useful for studying the properties of interacting polarons. The validity and the possible developments of this approach are discussed, and future applications are proposed.
Electronic and optical properties of semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Iadonisi G. , Cantele G. , Marigliano Ramaglia V. , Ninno D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe single particle spectrum of a charged particle in a nanometric ellipsoidal quantum dot is calculated taking also into account the surface polarization effects. Furthermore the optical properties of the absorption coefficient also depending on the light polarisation are discussed and compared with the experimental data.
Path integral quantization of Fermi–Pasta–Ulam solitons
Authors: Schulman L. S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAnomalous decay of luminescence in certain doped alkali halides can be explained by assuming inhibition of crystal relaxation by a factor of a billion (109). This remarkable slowdown is in turn accounted for by the creation of soliton‐like excitations, breathers, due to oscillations in the crystal. These oscillations, significantly anisotropic, are caused by light‐induced excitation of the impurity followed by Jahn–Teller‐effect distortion. Classically, the dynamical variables of the breather are confined to a KAM torus. A quantum theory of these breathers is most easily approached using semiclassical techniques, in this case by means of the EBK (Einstein–Brillouin–Keller) formula. In previous work this formula was justified using methods of partial differential equations, in particular the Hamilton Jacobi equation. In the present article the EBK spectrum is justified both by path integral methods and by quantization in canonically transformed variables, a procedure shown to retain O(ħ) accuracy (but not in general better). From the latter method, additional phase and spectral possibilities are seen to occur, going beyond the 1/2 and 1/4 extensions that Keller found for the formulas of Einstein and Brillouin.
Large polaron in an asymmetrical rectangular quantum well
Authors: Bibik A. I. , Gerlach B. , Smondyrev M. A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe polaron energy and the effective mass are calculated for an electron confined in an asymmetrical finite quantum well constructed of Alx lGa1–xAs/GaAs/Alx rGa1–x rAs layers. To simplify the study we suggest a model in which parameters of a medium are averaged over the ground‐state wave function. Our model reproduces the correct three‐dimensional asymptotics at both small and large widths. We obtained a rather monotonous behavior of the polaron energy as a function of the confining potential width and found a peak of the effective mass. A comparison with theoretical results by other authors is made.
Estimation of Aqueous Solubility By The General Solubility Equation (GSE) The Easy Way
Authors: Sanghvi Tapan , Jain Neera , Yang Gang , Yalkowsky Samuel H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe General Solubility Equation (GSE) provides a simple method of estimating the molar aqueous solubility of an organic non‐electrolyte in water (Sw) as a function of its celsius melting point (MP) and octanol‐water partition coefficient (Kow):
log Sw = − 0.01 (MP‐25) − log Kow + 0.5
The melting term of the GSE is based upon the Clausius‐Clapyron equation and Walden's rule. The aqueous activity coefficient is assumed to be the reciprocal of the octanol‐water partition coefficient. The constant is based upon the molarity of pure octanol. There are no fitted parameters in the GSE.
Extension of the GSE to weak electrolytes in buffered aqueous solutions is straightforward. The concentration of the ionized species, Si, is accounted for by incorporating one additional term, which contains the pKa of the solute and pH of the solution. For a weak acid,
Stotal = Sw + Si = Sw [1 + 10(pH‐pka)]
The solubility of a weak electrolyte in unbuffered waster requires further consideration because the solute will determine the pH of the solution. It is shown that in unbuffered media
Stotal = Sw + Si = Sw + (SwKa)1/2
Thus, it is not necessary to explicitly know the pH of the saturated solution to estimate the solubility of a weak electrolyte in water.
The GSE is validated on data set of over a thousand compounds, covering a wide range of structural categories. The GSE is compared to a number of other solubility estimation techniques using the criteria of accuracy of fit, applicability, parsimony, conveniences, and elegance.
On the 17O correction for CO2 mass spectrometric isotopic analysis
Authors: Assonov Sergey S. , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo calculate δ13C from raw CO2 isotope data, the ion beam ratio of m/z 45 to 44 is corrected for the contribution arising from the contribution of 17O‐bearing molecules. First, a review on the current state of 17O‐corrections for CO2 mass spectrometry is presented. The three correction algorithms that are generally in use, however, do produce biased δ13C values, and the bias is actually larger than the precision of modern isotope ratio mass spectrometers. The origin of this bias is twofold: different values for 17RVPDB‐CO2 as well as different values for λ are used in the correction algorithms. Despite both values being of high importance, large discrepancies between the absolute values published for 17RVPDB‐CO2 appear to be the main reason for the δ13C biases. Next, the question of how to choose the value of λ to best be used is considered. Natural (e.g. tropospheric) CO2 as well as primary reference materials (PDB and NBS‐19), having been in isotope exchange with water, are assumed to lie on the fractionation line for waters. On this ground, λ = 0.5281 ± 0.0015, as determined for waters (Meijer and Li, Isot. Environ. Health Stud., 1998; 34: 349–369), is suggested to be a base for the 17O‐correction algorithm. Finally, an approach to determine the absolute value for 17RVPDB‐CO2, based on data of relative isotope measurements on two CO2 gases having a large 17O difference, is discussed and algebraic formulas are considered. Experimental data and new numerical values determined for 17RVPDB‐CO2 and 17RVSMOW are given in a companion paper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.