bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological responses to bone soluble proteins in recipients of bone allografts
Authors: Vandevord Pamela J. , Nasser Sam , Wooley Paul H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe significance of an immune response in complications of bone allograft procedures is not well understood. This study evaluates the immunological reaction to bone allografts in either cortical or cancellous form. Serological responses from osteoarthritis (OA) patients and normal individuals to soluble proteins extracted from allografts were assessed using Western blotting and ELISA techniques. A large number of patients expressed antibodies to bone proteins extracted from the washed bone as compared with normal controls. Antibodies were present in patients without the use of bone allografts, indicating that OA patients develop antibodies to bone soluble proteins. However, patients receiving allografts exhibited an increased immune reactivity against multiple bone proteins when compared with non‐grafted patients. Protein characterization of the immunoreactive proteins revealed that the majority of antigenic targets were fragments of various collagen molecules. The data suggests that OA patients develop antibodies to bone soluble proteins prior to surgery, and these antibodies increase after revision surgery utilizing bone allografts. These findings support the implications that various collagen molecules as well as their degraded fragments represent potential immunogenic proteins within bone allografts. The removal of these antigenic proteins from the allografts prior to surgery may alleviate this immunological reactivity and improve graft outcome. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
“Without His Consent?”: Marriage and Women's Migration in Colonial India
Authors: Sen Samita 
Published: May 2005

An examination of the diverse patterns of women's migration challenges abiding stereotypes of Indian history: the urban worker as a male “peasant-proletariat” and women as inhabiting a timeless rural past. When men opted for circulation between town and country, wives and children undertook the actual labor of cultivation for the survival of “peasant-proletariat” households. Men retained their status as heads of the family and, even though absent for long periods, their proprietary interests in the village. Yet towards the end of the nineteenth century, many unhappy, deserted, and barren wives, widows, and other women were able to escape to the burgeoning cities of Calcutta and Bombay and the coal mines, where they experienced new processes of social and economic marginalization.Much attention has been given to women's migration to overseas colonies and the Assam teagardens. Such migration has been seen as doubly negative, not only harnessing women to the exploitative contract regimes, but also subjecting them to sexual violation. A general assumption is that women were deceived, decoyed and even “kidnapped,” since there was no possibility of “voluntary” migration by women. Such a view of women's recruitment was produced by a variety of interests opposed to women's, especially married women's, migration, and eventually influenced the colonial state to legally prohibit, in 1901, women's “voluntary” migration to Assam plantations. This provision was an explicit endorsement of male claims on women's labor within the family.
Customer‐based corporate valuation
Authors: Bauer Hans H. , Hammerschmidt Maik 
Published: May 2005

PurposeSynthesis of the customer lifetime value and the shareholder value (SHV) approach in order to develop an integrated, marketing‐based method for corporate valuation.Design/methodology/approachDiscusses the limitations and assumptions of existing methods to estimate customer value components and examines the limitations of the SHV concept. By linking the customer equity (CE) and the SHV approach, a formal model to calculate corporate value is developed. The discounted cash flow method is used for modelling the profit streams.FindingsProvides formulas for the estimation of both the individual lifetime value of a customer and CE. Provides a comprehensive model to estimate corporate value based on customer‐related cash flows and traditional financial metrics. Introduces typical cases, in which the use of a customer‐based valuation seems beneficial. Illustrates how our approach can be applied by using a simple case study on M&A in the telecommunication industry. Gives suggestions on how to obtain the necessary data, partially even from publicly available sources.Research limitations/implicationsAdvancement of the quantitative techniques for modelling the customer value components would allow for relaxing some restrictive assumptions. The explicit modelling of the future growth of the customer base (the acquisition rate) would increase the applicability of the model. Additionally, taking into account heterogeneity within the customer cohorts is a task for future research. Finally, our model needs to be applied more extensively using real data for the input variables.Practical implicationsA CE‐based valuation approach can guide marketing investments and helps to avoid misallocation of resources. Based on an example in the field of M&A, we demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for obtaining a realistic indicator of firm value. It helps to assess whether an acquisition is economically sensible. We provide evidence for the superiority of a customer‐based approach over traditional financial methods.Originality/valueWhile the traditional SHV method considers cash flows at a highly aggregated level, our approach employs disaggregated cash flows on the level of individual customers. Thereby we do incorporate the lifetime values of future customers by considering different cohorts. We do capture customer defection by incorporating retention rates. Our model enables a more detailed and valid estimation of corporate value by accounting for the single customer activities that drive marketing actions. This enables a better forecasting of the free cash flow. Incorporating customer‐related drivers into financial valuation models makes easier to assess the return on marketing investments.
The future scorecard: combining external and internal scenarios to create strategic foresight
Authors: Fink Alexander , Marr Bernard , Siebe Andreas , Kuhle Jens‐Peter 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a new and systematic approach towards strategic foresight by combining traditional external scenarios (market‐based approach) with internal scenarios (resource‐based approach) into a future scorecard, which can be used to describe alternative internal development paths for an organization.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on the existing literature as well as on multiple case examples to illustrate the application of the future scorecard.FindingsThe findings of this paper are that it is possible to combine the external (market‐based) and internal (resource‐based) view to create a strategic early warning system.Practical implicationsThe implications for practitioners are twofold, first, the paper outlines the importance of integrating a future perspective into performance measurement systems, second, it demonstrates the applicability of scenario thinking for the internal resource‐based view of the firm.Originality/valueThe paper combines thinking of the market‐based and the resource‐based view of the firm in order to provide a new tool to supplement most static measurement approaches with a tool that monitors the future developments – externally and internally. Scenarios are traditionally used to describe possible alternative future developments in the external environment, which then inform current strategy assessment and future strategy development. However, with a shift in focus away from the market‐based paradigm and towards a resource‐based view of strategy, scenarios can also be used to describe alternative internal development paths for an organization. These two types of scenarios can then be systematically developed and combined to form a significant element of a strategic early warning system – the future scorecard.
Understanding the role of locus of control in consultative decision‐making: a case study
Authors: Selart Marcus 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe study aims at clarifying whether locus of control may act as a bias in organisational decision‐making or not.Design/methodology/approachAltogether 44 managers working at Skanska (a Swedish multinational construction company) participated in the study. They were asked to complete a booklet including a locus of control test and a couple of decision tasks. The latter were based on case scenarios reflecting strategic issues relevant for consultative/participative decision‐making.FindingsThe results revealed that managers with low external locus of control used group consultative decision‐making more frequently than those with high locus of control. There was also a tendency showing that high externals more frequently used participative decision‐making than low externals. This was in line with the general trend, indicating that managers on the whole predominantly used participative decision‐making.Originality/valueThe results of the present study are valuable for HRM practice, especially with regard to the selection of individuals to management teams.
The repeal of prohibition and the resurgence of the national breweries
Authors: Stack Martin , Gartland Myles 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThis paper, applies the concept of path creation to a historical case. Path creation arose in part as a response to perceived weaknesses regarding the limited role of firm agency in the path dependency literature.Design/methodology/approachThis essay uses the path creation methodology to explain why and how specific features of the American brewing industry's regulatory framework were devised during prohibition (1920‐1933) and implemented upon the repeal of prohibition in 1933. The study draws upon a series of primary sources, including firm publications and government reports.FindingsIt shows that path creation is a useful way to examine the design and implementation of industry‐level regulatory systems. It argues that rather than passively waiting and hoping for a beneficial set of rules, the largest national breweries in America actively set about to shape the regulatory environment in which they and their competitors operated.Originality/valueThe study is valuable on two levels. First, it helps explicate how and why the brewing industry's current regulatory system emerged. Second, and more broadly, it shows how the path creation thesis can be usefully adopted to interpret firm and managerial actions across time periods and industries.
Getting it right the first time
Authors: Marens Richard 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThis paper reconsiders the criticisms of the most influential theory of the rise of the large corporations, and to see how these criticisms can be met without entirely abandoning the basic elements of the theory.Design/methodology/approachThis problem is approached by first analyzing the weaknesses inherent in Chandler's theory as presented in The Visible Hand, and then by reworking elements of the theory by relying on data generated by other historical accounts.FindingsThe author found that the theory could be salvaged by reordering the evolution of managerial practices based on a variety of historical studies, many not considered by Chandler, but even some of his own earlier work. Given these changes in historical order, vital managerial reforms can be placed sufficiently early that organizational techniques existed to solve the problems and exploit the opportunities that Chandler identifies as creating the pressures necessary to generate the large industrial corporation, thus responding to one class of criticism. My approach can also incorporate other factors that critics see as missing in Chandler's account.Originality/valueWhat is new in this paper is that it reconciles Chandler's analysis with those of his critics by re‐examining and correcting some of his assumptions. The result is a theory of corporate evolution that is less global but more realistic. Economic and business historians as well as sociologists of organizations will find this reassessment valuable.
The dynamics of exploring future market potential of genetically modified foods
Authors: D’Souza Clare , Quazi Ali 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to express a general review on how best in the present time can one market genetically modified (GM) foods in the face of the controversial arguments faced globally. Despite the importance of marketing, many organizations though they understand its worth, fail to find radical strategic solutions for the problems encountered by their products. In fact most of them find that disclosing GM ingredients will prohibit consumers from buying their products, whilst, the few GM foods that were proactively marketed indicated the potential of effective marketing and successful product placement.Design/methodology/approachTo be able to market GM foods, an understanding of customer value and problems customers envisage is discussed. The paper attempts to provide a general global perspective on consumer’s views about these issues and with the help of a conceptual model it attempts to identify some of the problems related with marketing GM foods.FindingsThe findings indicate that these products would have to be repositioned as being seen as less risky and more beneficial to consumers in the light that they can be scientifically proven.Originality/valueThis research is innovative in the sense it demonstrates an understanding of how to provide customer value for not only consumers who are the ultimate end users but also provides an insight to a broader audience such as manufacturers, agriculturalists and marketing professionals as to what are some of the contributing factors that consumers look for to make an informed choice.
Prescriptive versus non‐prescriptive prison design briefs
Authors: Consoli Giustina G.S. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo report on architect reactions to the use of non‐prescriptive design and construction briefs in the delivery of private prison projects in Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe introduction of the private prison projects in Australia saw the introduction of alternative delivery methods, such as Design‐Construct, for the delivery of prison facilities. The resulting design brief, forwarded as the “Request for Proposal”, was typically a non‐prescriptive document. Those architects who participated in such private prison design projects were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview questionnaire. Beliefs regarding the use of such briefs were gauged from the interview data.FindingsThe interviews revealed conflicting beliefs regarding the usefulness and appropriateness of the design brief. The responses were divided between a minority who found the briefs adequate, owing principally to the belief that it facilitated innovation. However, the majority considered the briefs as inadequate for prison construction. They believed that it allowed for manipulation by contractors, and that it compromised the design process and the integrity of the facility. As architects question the suitability of such design briefs for the delivery of prison facilities, the paper highlights the advantages and limitations in using prescriptive and non‐prescriptive prison design briefs.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils a need for data regarding the role of design briefs in prison design and construction. It offers a valuable comparison of the diverse approaches that can be taken, and the impacts this has upon how architects operate in prison projects.
An approach to assess fire safety requirements in library facilities
Authors: Hassanain Mohammad A. , Al Ashwal Nagib 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe objectives of this paper are to review current legislation and guidelines on fire safety in library facilities, and to present the finding of a case study to assess the provision of these requirements in the main library of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have analyzed published literature and identified characteristics of combustible information media in libraries, causes of fire in library facilities, basic requirements of fire detection systems, basic requirements of fire suppression systems, and basic requirements of egress and evacuation. The authors then carried out an investigation to assess the provision of these requirements in the main library of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.FindingsThe findings from the case study conducted in the paper indicated that although the main library at KFUPM was found to have sufficient fire detection system, fire suppression system, and provision of the basic requirements of egress and evacuation, there are some recommendations for improving the status of fire safety. These recommendations are summarized as follows: a floor plan should be posted on each floor to illustrate the locations of evacuation routes, exits, and other fire safety devices; signs should be installed in the third and the fourth floor to guide students to evacuation exits; and furniture should be removed from the area in front of the stairway in the third floor.Originality/valueFires are one of the main causes of life and property loss in cultural buildings. The high fire load of libraries makes them particularly susceptible to the spread of fire. The paper provides a systematic approach to the assessment of the provision of fire safety requirements in existing library facilities. The paper also provides insights to facility managers responsible for day‐to‐day operations of library and/or archival facilities.
School building investment and impact on pupil performance
Authors: Green Daniel , Turrell Patricia 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo provide information on a small‐scale study that explores the impact on pupil performance of the recent significant government investment in school buildings in a single county of England.Design/methodology/approachThe design approach was to focus on the schools and those involved in teaching in order to explore their perspective of the link between investment and improved pupil performance. The methodology chosen was qualitative and consisted of questionnaires to a selected sample of state schools together with interviews with the Local Education Authority and a case study of a single school, all within Derbyshire.FindingsThe results clearly indicate that although direct benefits are difficult to measure accurately, the schools perceive a benefit of investment which can be illustrated in pupil attainment, motivation and pupil behaviour, with an additional benefit to staff, who find that better environments improve teacher morale and motivation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is of schools in one county only and includes a random sample of schools providing state education to pupils between 5 and 18 years. The data findings relate to schools that have benefited from investment by the local authority.Practical implicationsThe research provides a timely study incorporating useful information to all of those who have an interest in the school built environment and in particular provides support for the government investment taking place in schools.Originality/valueResearch for this paper was carried out as part of an undergraduate dissertation, drawing from the direct placement work experience of the primary author and the professional experience of the co‐author/supervisor.
An inquiry into the disposition of Chinese agriculture
Authors: Zhang Dongxue 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo obtain an understanding of the disposition of Chinese agriculture.Design/methodology/approachBy applying econometric methods to make a narrow assessment on several productive factors in Chinese agriculture covering most of the era of Reforms and openness, a picture portraying the traits of Chinese rural society is provided. The author delves deep into the foundations of econometric as well as western society to draw comparisons between Occidental and oriental society.FindingsUnlike the widely held view that implicitly identifies the basis of studies in Chinese economical development with that in western nations, the presented idea illuminates the intrinsic “upper‐hand” disposition of Chinese rural society, which has so far practically made China tread a path different from that in western society.Research limitations/implicationsSince the paper deals with the whole picture of Chinese agriculture, it presumably may cause partial loss of accuracy in econometric calculations.Practical implicationsIt provides a fresh yet in‐depth idea for western researchers.Originality/valueThe paper breaks fresh ground in Chinese study and economic theory for researchers who are confused with the intricacy of the Chinese agricultural economy.
Corporate social responsibility and the bottom line
Authors: Capaldi Nicholas 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo clarify the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and profits.Design/methodology/approachExplicates CSR against the background of a larger thesis (Coase) about the role of firms in a market economy.FindingsThere are three different senses of CSR: negative – what not to do (illegal); positive – innovative products and services; and supplementary. There is a clear hierarchy or prioritization here: negative > positive > supplementary.Practical implicationsThere are four areas in which supplementary obligations contribute directly to the bottom line: the environment, marketing, recruitment, and international.Originality/valueThis paper overcomes false dualisms between CSR and profits, avoids hidden political agendas, and offers persuasive arguments for firms to engage in relevant CSR activity.
Information quality and market share in electronic commerce
Authors: Miller Holmes 
Published: May 2005

PurposeFor electronic commerce applications, the importance of quality information is self‐evident, especially for firms offering information products where information either significantly augments a physical product or constitutes the product itself. Aims to use a probabilistic simulation model is used to explore the relationship between information quality and market share for firms offering an information product.Design/methodology/approachIn the Excel‐based Monte Carlo model information quality is represented as a function of four general quality attributes. For these attributes, quality gaps relative to best practices are calculated and these gaps are used to drive a volume model whose output includes market share. The model is used to examine various scenarios including cases dealing with differences in a firm's initial information quality levels, differences in innovation rates and their variability, and differences in a firm's proclivity to copy advances of competitors.FindingsThe results indicate that firms starting with information quality leads tend to maintain that lead and accrue market share. However, they may lose their lead if innovation rates lag behind the competition. Generally, variation and the ability for firms to copy advances are good for markets.Practical implicationsSome practical implications from the findings include: the criticality of innovation and its importance in fostering quality; the ineffectiveness of insular strategies; and evidence that specialization, while benefiting markets, does not necessarily benefit individual firms.Originality/valueThe model presents a mechanism for scholars and practitioners to – expeditiously and inexpensively – test the impact of various information‐quality strategies.