bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of AgNOR counts in diagnosing epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Ray Jay G. , Chattopadhyay Amit , Caplan Daniel J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia has traditionally been subjective, and there is a need for a quantifiable and useful test.Methods:  In a double blind study, clinical leukoplakias from 52 people were diagnosed for presence (DLK) or absence (NDLK) of epithelial dysplasia using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain as a gold standard criterion, and results were compared against their mean silver stainable nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts. We used mean AgNOR count cut‐point of 2.37 from our prior report as the diagnostic threshold (mean ≥ 2.37 being DLK and mean < 2.37 being NDLK).Results:  The two methods (H&E and AgNOR) disagreed in 37% of the diagnoses. Both NDLK and DLK had high AgNOR counts. P‐AgNOR was non‐contributory for diagnosing epithelial dysplasia.Conclusions:  Mean AgNOR count can be a useful tool in definitive diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia.
Laminin‐5 gamma 2 chain is colocalized with gelatinase‐A (MMP‐2) and collagenase‐3 (MMP‐13) in odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: Wahlgren Jaana , Väänänen Anu , Teronen Olli , Sorsa Timo , Pirilä Emma , Hietanen Jarkko , Maisi Päivi , Tjäderhane Leo , Salo Tuula 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Odontogenic keratocyst (KC) differs from other epithelial odontogenic cysts in regard to increased epithelial proliferation and a strong tendency to recur. Laminin‐5 (Ln‐5) is an epithelial anchoring filament component, which after modulation by certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), like MMP‐2 and MMP‐13, induces epithelial cell migration.Methods:  Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we studied the Ln‐5 gamma‐2 chain expression related to the expression of MMP‐2, ‐8, and ‐13 in different odontogenic cysts, including radicular cysts (RC; n = 11), follicular cysts (FC; n = 11), and odontogenic keratocysts (KC; n = 16).Results:  Ln‐5 mRNA was present in all cysts examined, while less than half of KCs and RCs (33 and 40%, respectively) demonstrated MMP‐2 mRNA. MMP‐13 mRNA was present in all KC samples. Ln‐5 protein was located as a continuous ribbon in BM zone of all KCs, and MMP‐2 and MMP‐13 immunoreactivities colocated significantly with Ln‐5 in that area. MMP‐8 was expressed by stromal macrophages and epithelial goblet cells, but never located in BM zone.Conclusions:  Our results indicate that the colocalization of Ln‐5 with MMP‐2 or MMP‐13, but not with MMP‐8, in BM zone of KCs, may be related to special characteristics of KC.
Effects of phototherapy on pressure ulcer healing in elderly patients after a falling trauma
Authors: Schubert Vivianne 
Published: March 2003

Background: The effects of infrared and red pulsed monochromatic light, with varied pulsations and wavelengths, on the healing of pressure ulcers were evaluated in this prospective, randomized, controlled study.Methods: Elderly patients (≥65 years) with Stage 2 or 3 skin ulcers were enrolled and assigned to one of two groups. Both groups were given the same standard ulcer therapy. One group was also given phototherapy with pulsed monochromatic infrared (956 nm) and red (637 nm) light. Treatments lasted 9 min each time using a regimen with pulse repetition frequency varied between 15.6 Hz and 8.58 kHz. Patients were followed for 10 weeks or until the ulcer was healed, whichever occurred first. The ulcer surface area was traced weekly.Results: Patients treated with pulsed monochromatic light had a 49% higher ulcer healing rate, and a shorter time to 50% and to 90% ulcer closure compared with controls. Their mean ulcer area was reduced to 10% after 5 weeks compared with 9 weeks for the controls.Conclusion: The results are encouraging as pulsed monochromatic light increased healing rate and shortened healing time. This will positively affect the quality of life in elderly patients with pressure ulcer.
Immunomodulatory effect of extracorporeal photopheresis after successful treatment of resistant renal allograft rejection
Authors: Baron Elma D. , Heeger Peter S. , Hricik Donald E. , Schulak James A. , Tary‐Lehmann Magdalena , Stevens Seth R. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Acute renal allograft rejection contributes to patient morbidity. Standard immunosuppressives are only partially effective and have significant side effects. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been effective in reversing the acute rejection process. T cell cytokine expression is implicated in rejection and tolerance but actual changes in the cytokine profile of ECP‐treated individuals have not been documented.Methods: ECP was administered to a patient with acute renal allograft rejection resistant to other immunosuppressives. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay was performed to determine the frequency of mitogen‐induced cytokine‐producing cells before and after ECP.Results: ECP resulted in resolution of rejection; serum creatinine concentration fell from 7.1 to 2.2 mg/dl; ELISPOT revealed a three‐fold increase in the frequency of IL‐5 producing cells; IFN‐γ:IL‐5 ratio shifted from 2.73 pre‐treatment to 1.01 post‐treatment.Conclusion: Effective therapy of acute allograft rejection with ECP alters the peripheral blood cytokine profile towards “type 2” cytokines, suggesting that alteration of T cell cytokine profiles may contribute to the resolution of the process.
PUVA and PUVB in vitiligo – are they equally effective?
Authors: El Mofty M. , Zaher H. , Esmat S. , Youssef R. , Shahin Z. , Bassioni D. , El Enani G. 
Published: March 2003

Background/Aims: The combination of psoralens with different types of ultraviolet (UVL) sources in the treatment of vitiligo has led to different reports of success. The purpose of this trial is to compare in a random right‐left comparison study the efficacy and side effects of oral 8‐MOP plus UVA (PUVA) and oral 8‐MOP plus UVB (broadband, 290–320 nm P‐UVB) in the treatment of vitiligo.Methods: The study included 24 cases of extensive vitiligo involving more than 30% of the body surface area in a bilateral symmetrical distribution. Each patient received 0.7 mg/kg 8‐MOP orally 2 h before the light session. The right side of the body was exposed to UVA (320–400 nm), while the left half was exposed to UVB (290–320 nm). The patients received 3 sessions/week for a total of 30 sessions.Results: Both PUVA and PUVB produced moderate (50–60%) improvement, with similar incidences of phototoxic reaction and skin thickening. However, the study revealed a significant difference in the number of sessions needed to improve produce erythema and perifollicular pigmentation as well as a moderate response, the response on the UVA side always being earlier. Furthermore, the amount of joules needed to achieve the same response was 10 times greater on the UVA side than on the UVB side.Conclusion: The use of psoralen plus broadband UVB is as effective as PUVA in the treatment of vitiligo. However, the long‐term side effects of psoralen plus UVB are unknown.
Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin increase UVA‐induced edema and immune suppression
Authors: Sun Young Woo , Heo Eun Phil , Cho Yoon Hyang , Bark Ki‐Min , Yoon Tae Jin , Kim Tae Heung 
Published: March 2003

Background: Quinolone antibiotics are popularly prescribed antibiotics because of their wide antibacterial spectrum and lowered bacterial resistance. Quinolone antibiotics are one of the well‐known photosensitizers that induce phototoxicity. Their role in photocarcinogenesis has been suggested in some studies.Material and methods:Mice were treated with two quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, which is less phototoxic, and pefloxacin, which is more phototoxic) to study the effect of the antibiotics on sunburn and immune suppression by ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. The effects of a combined treatment with UVA and these quinolone antibiotics were measured on back skin swellings, sunburn cell formations, depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells, and local and systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity.Results: Mice treated with both UVA and quinolone showed significantly increased back skin swellings and decreased epidermal Langerhans cells than mice treated with UVA only. Sunburn cells were increased significantly in mice treated with pefloxacin and 50 J/cm2 of UVA. Combination of pefloxacin and UVA suppressed local contact hypersensitivity significantly, but not systemic contact hypersensitivity.Conclusion: Phototoxic quinolones augmented the effect of UVA by increasing sunburn and apoptosis, depleting Langerhans cells and suppressing local immune response. By affecting apoptosis and immune suppression, they may facilitate photocarcinogenesis caused by UVA.
Lesion classification using skin patterning
Authors: Round Andrew J. , Duller Andrew W. G. , Fish Peter J. 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: The observation that skin line patterning tends to be disrupted by malignant but not non‐malignant skin lesions suggests that this could be used as an aid to lesion differentiation. Since recognised differentiating features can be obtained from the simply‐captured white light optical image, the possibility of using such images for skin pattern disruption detection is worth exploring.Methods: The skin pattern has been extracted from optical images by high‐pass filtering and profiles of local line strength variation with the angle estimated using a new consistent high‐value profiling technique. The resultant profile images have been analysed using a novel region‐based agglomerative clustering technique (mRAC) and also a local variance measurement. A measure based on the relationship between the classification results and an intensity‐based segmentation was calculated, and this represented the disruption of the skin line patterning.Results: A set of images containing a variety of histologically confirmed malignant and non‐malignant lesions was analysed. The computed textural disruption figure was compared to both the histological diagnosis and to a visual estimate of patterning disruption for each image. It was demonstrated that lesion separation could be achieved by both analysis methods, with a good correlation with visual estimate of disruption and with mRAC providing the best performance.Conclusions: It was concluded that the acquisition and modelling of skin line patterning from clinical images of skin lesions had been successfully achieved and that the analysis of the resulting data provided an assessment of pattern disruption that is both consistent with visual inspection and effective in presenting information useful for discrimination between melanoma and benign naevi lesion examples.
Viscoelastic properties of human skin and processed dermis
Authors: Silver Frederick H. , Freeman Joseph W. , DeVore Dale 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: The purpose of this work is to attempt to determine the elastic spring constant for collagen and elastic fibers (elastin) in skin and to detemine if the values of these elastic constants are similar to those reported for other tissues.Methods: We studied the viscoelastic mechanical properties of human skin and dermis by measuring the incremental stress‐strain behavior. Elastic stress‐strain curves were used to obtain the elastic spring constant of elastin and collagen while the collagen fibril length was obtained from the slope of viscous stress‐strain curves.Results: Our results suggest that the elastic spring constant for elastin is about 4.0 MPa while that for collagen is about 4.4 GPa. The former value is similar to that calculated for ligamentum nuchae while the latter value is about 70% of the value found for tendon and self‐assembled type I collagen fibers. The differences between the elastic constants for collagen molecules in tendon and skin is hypothesized to reflect the higher molecular tilt angle and lower D period found in skin compared to tendon as well as a shorter fibril length.Conclusion: The differences in the collagen types present in skin and tendon may influence collagen self‐assembly and the resulting viscoelastic properties.
Efficacy testing of cosmetic products*
Authors: Serup Jørgen 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: Regulations for cosmetic products primarily address safety of the products that may be used by large populations of healthy consumers. Requirements for documentation of efficacy claims are only fragmentary. This synopsis aims to review and conclude a set of standards that may be acceptable to the European Community, and the cosmetic industry, as a legal standard for efficacy documentation in Europe in the future.Methods and Results: Ethical, formal, experimental, statistical and other aspects of efficacy testing are described, including validation, quality control and assurance. The importance of user relevant clinical end points, a controlled randomized trial design and evidence‐based cosmetic product documentation, validation of methods, statistical power estimation and proper data handling, reporting and archiving is emphasized. The main principles of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) good clinical practice (GCP) should be followed by the cosmetics industry in a spirit of good documentation standard and scientific soundness, but full GCP is not considered mandatory in the field of cosmetics. Documentation by validated bio‐instrumental methods may be acceptable, but efficacy documentation based on information about raw materials, reference to literature and laboratory experiments are only acceptable in exceptional cases.Conclusions: Principles for efficacy substantiation of cosmetic products in Europe, as described in this synopsis, are officially proposed by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy to the European Community as a basis for an amendment to the Cosmetics Directive or otherwise implemented as a European Community regulation.
The NO release test as a functional reference standard for laser Doppler fluxmetry in cutaneous microangiology
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Körting Ramona , Helmbold Peter , Marsch Wolfgang Ch. 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: The application of one‐dimensional laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) to clinical research is widespread. Large intra‐ and interindividual fluctuations in perfusion impede the objective evaluation of studies and hinder a standardised reproducibility. Attempts are made to minimise these biological fluctuations of the measured values by means of functional tests, standardised measuring conditions and large study populations. An intraindividual fixed standard that also facilitates interindividual comparability as a reference parameter would be desirable.Methods: By applying a nitric oxide (NO) release cream, a maximal vasodilatation is produced in a circumscribed skin area and optically registered by means of LDF. An LDF quotient is defined as a measure of the reproducibility. A total of 123 test subjects with dermatological diseases were measured at intervals of 60 min on the volar underarm on clinically normal skin with and without NO release cream.Results: The LDF quotient of the NO release test represents a stable, readily reproducible individual parameter and is appropriate as a reference standard for resting flux measurements. Therefore, we define an LDF factor that includes the maximal vasodilatation as a specific assessment characteristic and thus allows a more powerful, functionally oriented assessment of the individual measurements.Conclusion: The NO release test is appropriate as a reference standard for laser Doppler fluxmetry and realises a high reproducibility of individual measurements.
Evaluation of facial skin type by sebum secretion: Discrepancies between subjective descriptions and sebum secretion
Authors: Youn Sang Woong , Kim Soo Jung , Hwang In A , Park Kyoung Chan 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: Facial skin is usually classified as dry, normal, and oily in the cosmetics field. However, there is no standard objective method for classifying facial skin.Methods: We measured sebum excretion with Sebumeter® at four sites on the face. Based on the amount of sebum secretion, we reclassified skin type according to the guidelines provided by the manufacturer. The mean of sebum excretion (mean facial sebum excretion; MFSE) was also calculated.Results: People secrete varying amounts of sebum at different skin sites. Reclassification of skin type based on sebum secretion revealed that most participants underestimated the amount of facial sebum excretion. When sebum secretion amounts were compared, a statistically significant difference was apparent between the oily and dry skin types. However, there were no statistical differences between oily and normal, and normal and dry skin.Conclusion: We showed that subjective skin type does not match the amount of sebum secreted. Thus, this simple and subjective classification is of very limited use and it should be re‐evaluated by using an objective and standardized measuring tool.
The effect of commercially available saliva substitutes on predemineralized bovine dentin in vitro
Authors: Meyer‐Lueckel H , Schulte‐Mönting J , Kielbassa AM 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various saliva substitutes (Artisial®; Glandosane®; Oralube®; Saliva medac®; Oralbalance®) on the lesion depth and the mineral content of predemineralized bovine dentin in vitro.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety‐six dentin samples were prepared from 24 freshly extracted bovine incisors. The samples were predemineralized (pH 5.5; 10 days), and subsequently exposed to the various artificial salivas. A carbonate‐reduced mineral water (Hirschquelle®) as well as the mouthwash solutions Meridol® and biotène® served as controls. Lesion depth and mineral loss were evaluated from microradiographs of thin sections (110 μm) by a dedicated software package (TMR 1.24).RESULTS: After storage in Glandosane® and biotène®, the results indicated a significant mineral loss and an increase in lesion depth (P < 0.01; Wilcoxon). In contrast, specimens stored in Oralube® showed a decrease in lesion depth and an increase in mineral content (P < 0.05; Wilcoxon).CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the use of neither Glandosane® nor biotène® can be recommended in dentate patients with severe xerostomia.
Nitric oxide synthesis and severity of human periodontal disease
Authors: Batista AC , Silva TA , Chun JH , Lara VS 
Published: March 2003

The expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS) is a response to an inflammatory stimulus and produces a large amount of nitric oxide (NO), which may act as a cytotoxic molecule against the invading microorganism and may be related to both harmful and beneficial effects to tissues.OBJECTIVE AND MATERIAL AND METHODS: Inorder to further characterize the presence of NO in human periodontal disease, we undertook a quantitative study of iNOS positive cells in samples of clinically healthy gingival tissues, plaque‐induced gingivitis and localized chronic periodontitis using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: A significant increase in the number of iNOS+ cells mm−2 was found in the samples of the gingivitis and periodontitis compared with those of the control. In all groups most of the polymorphonuclear cells showed intense immunoreactivity for iNOS independent of the disease stage, and the percentage of iNOS+ polymorphonuclear cells increased significantly in periodontal disease when compared with the control.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that iNOS increases in the presence of periodontal disease. In addition, our findings suggest that polymorphonuclear cells present anadditional activation pathway in periodontal disease, expressing significant iNOS and probably representing an important source of NO in human periodontal disease that has not been previously reported.
The use of bone scintigraphy in temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Epstein JB , Rea A , Chahal O 
Published: March 2003

INTRODUCTION: The use of bone scintigraphy (bone scan) in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease has been infrequent, as compared with traditional radiographic techniques. Bone scans have the potential to detect active bone remodeling whereas corresponding radiographs may be normal or document past structural change in the joint. Traditional radiographic findings and relevant clinical signs and symptoms correlated with bone scans may aid in the diagnosis of TMJ disease and possibly affect treatment and prognosis of individual cases. The use of bone scans as an additional tool in diagnosing TMJ disease was assessed in this series of patients.METHODS: Thirty consecutive subjects with TMJ tenderness were selected for bone scintigraphy using technetium diphosphonate 99 mTc and single photon emission computerized tomography. These subjects received bone scans as well as other selected imaging modalities for diagnostic purposes.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The findings on bone scan were evaluated and a change in preliminary clinical diagnosis or treatment was made in 60% of cases because of the findings on bone scintigraphy. Bone scintigraphy may be valuable to assess progress of TMJ inflammation or remodeling, and may affect diagnosis and treatment of patients with TMJ tenderness.
Opinions about oral cancer prevention and early detection among dentists practising along the Texas–Mexico border
Authors: Alonge OK , Narendran S 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess dentists’ opinions about oral cancer (OC) prevention and early detection.METHODS: Data were collected by a self‐administered mail questionnaire sent to all 398 registered dentists practising along the Texas–Mexico border.RESULTS: The effective response rate to the survey was 40%. While 90% of respondents agreed that oral cancer examinations (OCE) should be provided annually for patients 40 years of age and older, only 59% of respondents believed their OC knowledge was current. While 99% agreed that dentists were qualified to perform OCE, only 54 and 68% respectively, agreed that dental hygienists and physicians were similarly qualified. Dentists who rated their undergraduate OC training favorably (OR=2.68, 1.23–5.81,P=0.011), had attended their last oral cancer continuing education (OCCE) course within the past 5 years (OR=2.46, 1.25–4.86,P=0.009), and those who performed OCE on all patients 40 years and older (OR=2.64, 1.32–5.26,P=0.005), were more likely to agree their OC knowledge was current.CONCLUSIONS: Respondents expressed diverse opinions about OC prevention and early detection. Positive opinion on currency of OC knowledge was associated with performance of OCE. Results indicate a need for OCCE targeting the study population as well as increased emphasis on OC curriculum in dental schools.