bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XMAP310
Authors: Andersen Søren S L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
XMAP310 was identified as a high-molecular weight MAP copurifying with XMAP230 (see Fig. 1 in the chapter about XMAP230). The relative molecular weight of 31 O kDa was determined on 4 per cent SDS-polyacrylamide gels on the basis of the migration properties of brain MAP1 B (325 kDa) and XMAP230.
CP190/CP60
Authors: Oegema Karen , Alberts Bruce M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consistent with its double identity as both a nuclear and a centrosomal protein, CP190 was independently identified as the antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody from a bank raised to Drosophila nuclei,7,8 and as a microtubule-binding protein that localizes to Drosophila centrosomes.
Evolutionary aspects of IF proteins
Authors: Weber Klaus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extensive work on cytoplasmic intermediate filament (IF) proteins of vertebrates has established a very complex multigene family with close to 50 members in a mammal. These proteins include IF types I to IV as well as additional species. Variability arises primarily from the N- and C-terminal head and tail domains but also from the central α-helical rod domain, which, except for its ends, preserves sequence principles rather than actual sequences. In spite of such differences the helix 1B subdomain keeps a constant length in all cytoplasmic IF proteins so far characterized from vertebrates. In contrast, in nuclear lamins, a special subtype (type V) of IF proteins, from both vertebrates and invertebrates, the length of helix 1B is increased by six heptads or 42 residues. Recent evidence shows that the long helix 1B form is also characteristic of the cytoplasmic IF proteins of various protostomic animals.H Thus in metazoan evolution the long helix 1B form was changed by a deletion to the short helix 1B version prior to the diversification into types I to IV. Current results suggest that this deletion occurred either with the deuterostomic branch or prior to the chordates. Sequence comparisons further suggest that cytoplasmic IF proteins arose possibly from a mutated lamin early in evolution.
World Travel
Authors: Higgins Peter M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The story of mathematics is a big story that began thousands of years ago when people first began to count their livestock or measure the extent of a field. Since that time the mathematical character of the world has revealed itself at every turn. For those who seek the truth, mathematics opens a doorway to understanding that is both deep and undeniable and those trying to comprehend the physical world cannot but be impressed by its effectiveness. All of us are naturally intrigued by anything genuinely interesting or surprising and mathematics will always score highly in that regard. At the same time however we can be intimidated by the uncompromising nature of the subject but, be assured, this is everyone’s experience. One of the bonuses of living in our own age is that it is possible to understand matters that were a complete mystery to even the most learned and brilliant of our ancestors. The mind of a modern person can be much more powerful than the minds of past generations because we have at our disposal enlightening ideas and techniques that let us comprehend all manner of subjects, not only in broad principle but often in fine, practical detail. This is a rewarding privilege and one that is well worth making use of from time to time.
For Connoisseurs
Authors: Higgins Peter M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This final chapter gives some of the mathematical details that do not appear in the body of the text. Repetition of core school and university mathematics is not the purpose of a book like this one but some of these details are interesting and may not be quite so easy to find in a standard textbook, so they are outlined here for the benefit of readers who want a hard look. This is not meant to be only for experts though. There is some variability in the level of difficulty of the explanation and any interested reader should be able to gain by sampling from this chapter.
Explaining the universe
Authors: Rees Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In August 1999, a solar total eclipse was visible from England – the first such event since 1927. I viewed it from Cornwall, through intermittent cloud. It was an ‘environmental’ experience shared with thousands of new age cultists, astrologers, and the like – I wasn’t carrying out any scientific measurements. But it set me thinking about the scope and limits of science, and particularly the distinction between prediction, explanation, and understanding.
Eclipses could be predicted (at least approximately) even in ancient times. Throughout most of the first millennium bc, the Babylonians systematically recorded celestial events on cuneiform tablets, thousands of which are now in the British Museum. These records stretched over a long enough timespan to reveal subtle patterns – particularly the 18-year Saros cycle – which could be extrapolated forward to yield the dates when future eclipses were likely. This feat required no insight into how the sun and moon actually moved – only a faith in the regularity of nature.
What is it not like to be a brain?
Authors: McGinn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Materialism is the thesis that facts about the mind are entirely reducible to facts about the brain. To be in pain, say, is to have one’s C-fibres firing or for this brain state to realize a physically defined functional role. The usual objection to materialism, expressed in many different forms, is that it fails to do justice to the nature of the mind; it omits or distorts the distinctive character of mental phenomena. In this paper I shall not be pressing this objection to materialism. Instead, I shall invert the standard objection and argue that materialism fails to do justice to the nature of matter; it omits or distorts the distinctive character of physical phenomena. The symmetry of identity will play a crucial role in this argument.
From explanation to interpretation in social anthropology
Authors: Goody Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let me begin by posing the question of the difference between explanation and interpretation. Explanation attempts to answer the ‘why’ question. That seems to me a general question posed in all human societies as a result of the interaction between language-using animals and their environment; answers differ, some we call myth, others history, others explanation, but the questioning remains. Interpretation involves finding an alternative way of putting things, often attempting to interpret events from the standpoint of the actors. A whole school of sociology, that associated with the name of the great German sociologist, Max Weber, and called by him verstehen, claims to be involved in ‘interpretative sociology’, in understanding what the actor meant, in intentionality, rather than in seeking explanations (even as a preliminary). There was, if you like, a shift from science to ethnoscience, validated in its own terms.
Renaissance and Reformation: Literature 1510—1620
Authors: Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although not one of them spoke Welsh, the five English monarchs of the Tudor dynasty were inclined to insist on the significance of their Welsh origins. For propaganda purposes they were pronounced to be princes of ancient British descent who had returned to claim King Arthur’s throne and to restore the promised dignity and prestige of Camelot. It was, however, under the Tudor dynasty (1485-16o3) that the modem English language emerged and with it a firm sense of England as a nation state. With the accession of James VI of Scotland as James I of England in 1603 that sense of national consciousness was extended to embrace the entire island of Britain. When Calais, the last relic of English domination of France and the symbol of Edward Ill’s victory at Crecy and Henry V’s at Agincourt, fell in January 1558 its loss finally exposed the hollowness of the Plantagenet claim to the French Crown. It also, willingly, enforced the idea of the insular sovereignty of the Tudors and of their Stuart successors.
The Literature of the Romantic Period 1780—1830
Authors: Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘MY temper is not very susceptible of enthusiasm, and the enthusiasm which I do not feel I have ever scorned to affect’, Edward Gibbon noted of himself in his Memoirs of My Life and Writings (posthumously printed in 1827). Never the less, when Gibbon (1737-94) recalled his first sight of the city of Rome some twenty-five years after the event, he admitted to having been troubled by strong emotions which had agitated his mind and which had led to a sleepless night and to ‘several days of intoxication’ before he could bring himself ‘to descend to a cool and minute investigation’ of the historic objects that he had come to Rome to study. Gibbon, the greatest English historian of the eighteenth century and the supremely reasonable and sceptical product of the European Enlightenment, felt obliged to confess to the kind of ‘enthusiasm’ which he scorned. His emotional excitement on seeing Rome may also suggest the degree to which he was the product of a culture which had come, not simply to appreciate the significance of’ sensibility’, but actively to indulge it.
High Victorian Literature 1830—1880
Authors: Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Great deal of Victorian intellectual effort was spent in trying to hold together a universe which was exploding. It was an age of conflicting explanations and theories, of scientific and economic confidence and of social and spiritual pessimism, of a sharpened awareness of the inevitability of progress and of deep disquiet as to the nature of the present. Traditional solutions, universally acknowledged truths, and panaceas were generally dis covered to be wanting, and the resultant philosophical and ideological tensions are evident in the literature of the period from Carlyle’s diatribes of the 1830s and Dickens’s social novels of the 1840s to Arnold’s speculations of the 1870s and Morris’s socialist prophecies of the 1880s, from the troubled early poetry of Tennyson to the often dazzled theology of Hopkins.
Rural Settlement in Europe, 400—1500
Authors: Roberts B K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within the complex demographic, historical, and environmental forces which have swept the continent since the collapse of Roman power in the west four principal themes can be defined, namely: continuity, the sustaining of elements derived from older orders into new arrangements; colonization, involving folk movements, the intaking of new lands, and state-building; cataclysm, the impact of rapid and sometimes devastating changes; and finally the emergence of new economic systems as population increased and as trade and other linkages expanded and strengthened, processes involving the transition from economies heavily based upon subsistence to others incorporating a large amount of industry and trade. within these immense contexts, all European settlement patterns and forms have been subject to long-sustained mechanisms of generation, usage, change, and destruction. Across the broad face of a whole continent and throughout the thousand years before 1500 we are faced with almost unimaginable complexity resulting from interactions between these four themes. They underlie the elements of the distribution map appearing as Fig. 4.1, a map which will be used to bind the discussion together.
The Changing Cultural Geography of Europe since 1500
Authors: Mead W R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The outward and visible signs of European civilization are in its cultural features—its arts, learning, architecture, institutions. The inner and spiritual signs are in their values and meanings. Major changes in the character of these features throughout most of Europe date from about 1500—the time of the High Renaissance. New concepts of the natural world, new technologies, and new means of expression modified the intellectual climate. Changes took place against the background of a Europe which consisted of an old-established mosaic of relatively small political units—city-states, principalities, and countries (or provinces) which were in general identified by the names of their inhabitants and by the languages which they spoke rather than by the precise territories which they occupied. It was a Europe with few formal political boundaries and in which the concept of the nation had yet to develop.
Rural Europe since 1500: Areas of Retardation and Tradition
Authors: Whyte I D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers areas of retardation and tradition in Europe where change occurred belatedly and often incompletely compared with the regions discussed in Chapter 10. Indeed, the belated modernization in many such areas necessitates a different focus from Chapter 10, giving greater consideration to the period after 1914. Although they were disadvantaged in terms of remote locations and harsh, limiting physical environments, defining them is not easy as such criteria were relative rather than absolute (Fig. One dear group of regions were those of northern Europe: Iceland, Finland, and most of Norway and Sweden. Another forms the Atlantic periphery of Europe: the Faeroes, the west Iiighlands and Islands of Scotland, western Ireland, Brittany, and north-western Iberia. Here, climate and topography are often less harsh but maritime conditions generally favour livestock-rearing rather than cereal cultivation. A third category compri5es the mountain environments of continental Europe ranging from the Spanish sierras through the Pyrenees and the Alps to the Apennines and the ranges of eastern Europe. Finally, there are the problem regions of the Mediterranean.
Towards Interactive Environmental Movies
Authors: Camara Anrfonio S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Korolenko (1997) maintains there is no such thing as an interactive movie. No one is interested in sitting in a theatre and pressing a button whenever there is a menu of choices. Traditional movies are, for Korolenko, a much more attractive proposition. However, Altman and Nakatsu (1997), in their introduction to interactive movies, lead one to believe that there may be successful interactive movies on environmental problems. Interactive movies, in Altman and Nakatsu terms, are viewed as being interactive stories, interactive experiences bet,veen actors and audience and/or as having interactive movie actors.
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Authors: Phillips Lois 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each morning I rise and ask: Will my sweetheart come today? Each evening I sink into bed downcast: today, too, she stayed away.
All night I lie awake, sleepless with sorrow. All day I wander in a dream, half in sleep.
I am driven here, driven there—in a few hours I will see her, the fairest of the fair! Poor heart, how violently you throb!
The hours are such a lazy crowd; dawdling in their comfortable and idle way, they creep along yawning. Hurry yourselves, you laggards!
The elements of musical expression
Authors: Pratt George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim in this chapter is to break down the total experience of listening to music into separate elements. You will find the division rather artificial, of course: how can anyone listen to the melodic intervals at the beginning of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony without being conscious of the vigorous rhythmic patterns too? But it is helpful to divide this total experience of listening into its constituent parts, first, to focus attention on them, and second to break down the whole process of analysing music by ear into manageable proportions.
Playing by ear
Authors: Pratt George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9, ‘Imaging’, was concerned with internal processes, with generating an impression of sound in the mind. In this chapter the aim is to add to that internal process a further stage, of externalizing sound accurately through instruments. Externalizing is something we constantly do with the voice. Children learn nursery rhymes by first listening, and then singing what they have heard. To some extent we do the same when learning to play an instrument. Most teachers demonstrate what is required, both physically and musically, in any particular musical situation; conductors verbalize articulation and sing phrasings in order to communicate their intentions.
G-spaces
Authors: Félix Yves , Oprea John , Tanré Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of group actions is intimately tied up with the development of both algebraic topology and Lie group theory. In this chapter, we show how minimal models can be used to study compact Lie group actions on manifolds. We focus on certain aspects of group actions that are especially amenable to model techniques. Throughout the chapter, G will generally denote a Lie group acting on a compact manifold M . Certain properties of M will be apparent. For instance, when the action is free (i.e. no point in M is left fixed by any g G ), we have a principal G -bundle M M/G with the particular consequence that χ (M) 0.
Publications Of Gene H. Golub
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Books
[B1] Recent Advances In Numerical Analysis, edited by Carl de Boor and Gene
H. Golub, Academic Press (1978).
[B2] Proceedings of Symposia In Applied Mathematics, Volume XXII, Numerical Analysis, edited by Gene H. Golub and Joseph Oliger, American Mathematical Society (1978).
Chebyshev Semi-Iterative Methods, Successive Over-Relaxation Iterative Methods, And Second-Order Richardson Iterative Methods, Parts I And Ii (With R. S. Varga)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was invited, in 1960 I believe, by Abe Taub at the University of Illinois, to a colloquium lecture there, and before the lecture, I was asked by Professor Taub what my current research was. I mentioned two areas, one being the use of Chebyshev polynomials in the theory of iterative methods in linear algebra. Taub mentioned then that he had a student (who turned out to be Gene Golub) working on similar ideas. What I learned later was that Taub told Gene that “if Varga publishes first, you will have to write a new thesis”. During that visit, I later met Gene, who was visibly shaken about all of this, and I suggested that we discuss this further over coffee. There was indeed overlap in our results, but Gene did things that I hadn’t done, and conversely. We then agreed to write a paper, in two parts, which appeared in Numerical Mathematics in 1961. This paper was surely better than either of us could have done alone, and it was quite a successful research paper, which was highly referenced. Adding to all of this is that Gene has often said that “Varga saved my life,” meaning that he didn’t have to write a second thesis! I have often been asked why Gene and I didn’t write more papers together. Sincerely, it would have been nice, but I wandered, as time went by, more into approximation theory and complex function theory, where my PhD thesis arose, and Gene had chosen other interesting areas in which to work. He had been a stellar figure in the area of numerical analysis, and this field owes him much for his deep and useful research results.
A Generalized Conjugate Gradient Method For Non-Symmetric Systems Of Linear Equations (With Paul Concus)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Second International Symposium on Computing Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, Versailles, France, December 15–19 1975; Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol. 134, R. Glowinski and R. L. Lions, eds. Springer-Verlag, 56–65 (1976). Gene Golub and I prepared this paper immediately after completion of the paper “A generalized conjugate gradient method for the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations” with Dianne O’Leary (1976). Please see my background comments for that paper, which follows as Chapter 8.
A Generalized Conjugate Gradient Method For The Numerical Solution Of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations (With Paul Concus And Dianne P. O’leary)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Gene Golub and I first met in 1960, when he came to California, and have been friends since, it was only in the early 1970s that we discovered that our scientific interests had overlapped. The catalyst was the appearance of fast Poisson solvers. I was interested in using them (or related fast Helmholtz solvers) to develop efficient methods for obtaining numerical solutions of certain nonseparable elliptic partial differential equations, and Gene Golub, from a numerical linear algebra point of view, was interested in iterative methods that might exploit such solvers. Shortly after our first joint results, which utilized Chebyshev acceleration, the conjugate gradient method was beginning to receive fresh interest as an iterative method. Our attention turned toward using that method as the convergence accelerator. Such a use was much in the air then and was being looked at by others for particular underlying iteration splittings. At about the same time Dianne O’Leary appeared at Stanford as a graduate student, and she was becoming interested in these subjects also. The following paper ensued. We were very enthusiastic over the results, but as sometimes happens when naming offspring, we called the method by a name that didn’t stick. What is labeled here as the generalized conjugate gradient method is designated more popularly, and more descriptively, as the preconditioned conjugate gradient method.
Singular Value Decomposition And Least Squares Solutions (With C. Reinsch)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
method, then state of the art. We see that the singular values are the square roots of the eigenvalues of the positive (semi)definite matrices AHA or A AH. This means numerical difficulties with the accurate computation of the smaller singular values, which usually are the more interesting ones and should be computed as precisely as possible. An equally severe problem is the correct association of the eigenvectors of AHA (columns of V ) with the eigenvectors of A AH (columns of U ) which are not unique in the event of multiple eigenvalues.
The Differentiation Of Pseudo-Inverses And Non-Linear Least Squares Problems Whose Variables Separate (With V. Pereyra)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The work on this paper originated during a 1972 visit to the Northern Patagonia city of Bariloche, Argentina, by invitation of Hugo Scolnik. Although a skiing resort, Bariloche was best visited at the time during the summer due to its lack of roads, rather than the winter, when we spent three weeks there. The work continued by snail mail (I was in Caracas, Venezuela at the time) and during my periodical visits to Serra House at Stanford.