bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mulching and Tillage Practices on Yield & Yield Attributs of Sorghum
Authors: Kumar K. Arun , Kumar Y. S. Satish , Prabhakar K. , Jayalakshmi M. , Babu K. Satish , Vishnuvardhan K. Mohan , Rao ESV Narayana 
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching and tillage practices on yield & yield attributs of sorghum at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Andhra Pradesh during 2020-21 & 2021-22 Kharif seasons. Mulching, Tillage practices and their interaction showed no significant influence on growth parameters viz., plant height and dry matter production at harvest, days to 50 % population. Whereas, panicle weight, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were significantly higher with zero tillage and with residue mulch. The interaction between tillage and mulch practices was non significant. Maximum gross and net returns were observed with zero tillage with residue mulch practice in grain sorghum. The economic evaluation of mulching and tillage practices in sorghum crop revealed that maximum gross returns (Rs 1,18,659), net returns (Rs 78,579) and B:C ratio (2.96) were obtained with zero tillage practice with mulching practice. The study indicated that tillage and mulching had significant effect on soil fertility and grain yield of sorghum crop.
Influence of Maternal Contact on Hormonal, Growth, and Behavioral Responses of Murrah Buffalo Calves in Winter
Authors: Singh Nripendra Pratap , Kamboj M. L. 
Published: October 2023

Aims: The study was conducted to reveal the effect of calf-mother contact and ameliorative measures on cortisol, growth rate and behaviour of Murrah Buffalo calves during the winter season.
Place and Duration of Study: Livestock Research Centre (LRC) of ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, India and between November 2021 to February 2022.
Methodology: A total of 21 advanced-pregnant Murrah buffaloes were carefully chosen and the buffalo-calf pairs were divided into three treatment groups, each consisting of 7 pairs. In the first group (T0), the Murrah buffalo mothers were permitted to nurse their calves with colostrum and later milk twice a day. In the second group (T1), the buffalo mothers had direct contact with their calves during the first five days, allowing free-choice colostrum suckling. Afterward, they were housed near their calves, separated by a fence line. These buffalo mothers were allowed to nurse their calves twice a day, following a similar routine as the T0 group. In the third group (T2), all conditions were similar to those of the T1 group, a notable distinction was that the calves in the T2 group were provided with halogen lights in the shed.
Results: Minimum temperature in T2 shed was significantly (p <0.05) higher than that in T0 and T1 shed. The mean cortisol level of T1 (6.64±0.71 ng/mL) and T2 (6.21±0.67 ng/mL) was significantly lower (P<0.05) as compared to T0 (7.88±0.70 ng/mL) group of calves. The findings indicated that within the experimental calf groups, both T2 and T1 exhibited higher (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared to the T0 group basis every week. Moreover, calves in T2 and T1 spent significantly (P<0.05) more time resting, eating, and engaging in rumination compared to the calves in the T0 group.
Conclusion: The findings show that offering fenceline mother-calf contact can reduces stress and enhances growth, behavior, and welfare of calves more effectively than calves with restricted contact during winter season.
Effect of Irrigation, Phosphorous and Potassium Application on Root Traits, Soil Microbial Growth and Physiology of Green Gram
Authors: Jena Jnanaranjan , Layek Makar , Nandi Ramprosad , Santra Gour Hari , Sahu Gayatri 
Published: October 2023

Aims: To manage the implication of irrigation water at different growth stages coupled with basal phosphorus and foliar potassium application targeting to reduce water stress.
Study Design: Split split-plot design.
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Chatabar, Odisha. India, during 2022-2023 cropping season.
Methodology: Three irrigation treatments in main plots (I1, I2 and I3) - I1 included three irrigations at vegetative, flowering and pod formation periods, I2 skipped one irrigation at pod formation and I3 skipped at flowering. Sub-plot consisted of phosphorus fertilizer treatments (P1, P2 and P3) providing 100, 85 and 115% recommended dose of P. In sub sub-plots- 2% foliar spray of KCl at vegetative and flower initiation periods. The parameters recorded soil moisture depletion, root traits, microbiological parameters, plant physiological parameters and grain yield.
Results: The depletion of soil moisture increased with crop growth; I3 depleted at a maximum rate (4.5 mm d-1) followed by I2 (4.1 mm d-1). The enhanced availability of root zone soil moisture improved microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The I1 improved the maximum root tips, forks and crossings; while I3 reduced an overall of 131% of the root traits than I1. The crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) were also improved according to soil moisture availability; however, I2 merely decreased 8 and 13% in CGR and LAI as compared to I1. P3 improved the maximum of the soil microbiology (MBC and DHA), root improvement and plant physiology. I1P3 produced the highest grain yield of 9.06 q ha-1, although, I2P3 produced was just 7% lower than I1P1.
Conclusion: The application of three irrigation produced maximum grain yield; while the skipping of one irrigation at pod formation stage with 15% higher P application could provide satisfactory yield where availability of irrigation water is limited.
Epidemiology and Prevalence of HBsAg in the Student Population of the Higher Institute of Technology of Mamou, Republic of Guinea
Authors: Barry Alpha Arsida , Souare Mamadou Lamarana , Camara Taliby Dos , Keita Oumar , Faye Oumar , Sagno Siba , Koulibaly Tamadjan , Camara Magan 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Due to its frequency, complications and socio-economic consequences, hepatitis B constitutes an international public health problem comparable to that posed by other communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. Sub-Saharan Africa, with a prevalence rate between 8 and 18%, is a highly endemic region.
Objective: To help protect the health of students through awareness and screening for the hepatitis B virus.
Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive longitudinal study which lasted one month, from February 15 to March 15, 2023.
Results: Among the 200 students screened for the hepatitis B virus, men were more represented (80.50%) than women (19.50%), with a m/f sex ratio of 4.12 in favor of men. The 17-25 age group was the largest (77%), followed by the 26-33 age group (19.5%), the 34-41 age group (3%) and the 42+ age group (0.5%). 32% of students say they have good knowledge of the hepatitis B virus, compared to 68% who say they have little knowledge. The majority reported television as a source (75.5%), followed by radio (16%), school (4%), newspapers (2.5%) and social media (2%). The vast majority identified sexual transmission (89%), followed by blood (9.5%) and saliva (1.5%). In terms of risky practices, the majority of students identify prostitution (82.5%), followed by tattooing (9%), piercing (5%) and acupuncture (3.5%). Concerning knowledge of the hepatitis B vaccine, the majority of students (67.5%) say they do not know the vaccine against the hepatitis B virus, compared to 32.5% who say they know the vaccine. The HBV prevalence test showed 11% carriage compared to 89% negative tests. Transaminase tests on positive cases gave 63.63% normal ALT versus 36.36% elevated ALT; 72.72% normal AST versus 27.27% high AST. Carriage was higher in men (86.36%) than in women (13.63%). Single students were the most represented with 95.45%, compared to 4.55% for married students. Students from the Technical Laboratory and Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Departments were the most represented with 27.27% each. They were followed by those of the Biomedical Equipment Technology and Computer Engineering Departments with 18.18% each. Finally, the Energy Department was the least represented in this series with 9.09%.
Conclusion: This study showed that the hepatitis B virus is present at the Mamou Higher Institute of Technology. It is therefore important to introduce it into secondary school programs to improve knowledge of the hepatitis B virus in Guinea.
Perancangan Sistem Pengendalian Kualitas Di Perusahaan Besi Beton
Authors: Wahjudi Didik , Sutanto Nelson 
Published: October 2023

Sebuah perusahaan penghasil besi beton menghadapi masalah kecacatan pada produk akhir dan tidak memiliki sistem pengendalian kualitas yang baik dan terstruktur. Hal ini menyebabkan menurunnya kepuasan pelanggan akibat tingginya kecacatan pada besi beton. Penelitian ini inging mengurangi kecacatan dengan memakai seven quality tools dan failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) serta merancang sistem pengendalian kualitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setelah melakukan implementasi pengendalian kualitas, kecacatan besi beton di proses kritis dapat diminimalisir. Proses roughing mill mengalami penurunan kecacatan sebesar 37.98%, sedangkan pada proses intermediate mill mengalami penurunan kecacatan sebesar 38.20%. Faktor penyebab utama terjadinya produk cacat adalah Faktor mesin (tidak dilakukan perawatan secara berkala), kemudian diikuti faktor manusia, faktor metode dan faktor material sebagai penyebab lain yang dapat menimbulkan kecacatan pada besi beton.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Screened for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Karmouta Reem , Strawbridge Jason C. , Langston Seth , Altendahl Marie , Khitri Monica , Chu Alison , Tsui Irena 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePreterm infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are at risk for heterogenous neurodevelopment outcomes that are difficult to predict.ObjectiveTo characterize the potential association between socioeconomic and clinical risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a diverse, multicenter cohort of premature neonates screened for ROP.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records and US Census Bureau income data. This study was performed at academic (University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] Mattel Children’s Hospital and UCLA Santa Monica Hospital), community (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), and LA county (Harbor-UCLA Medical Center) neonatal intensive care units. Participants included infants who met American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for ROP screening and had records from at least 1 Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) neurodevelopment assessment between 0 and 36 months of adjusted age. Data analyses were conducted from January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2022.ExposuresDemographic and clinical information, proxy household income, and health insurance type were collected as risk factors.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNeurodevelopmental outcomes in the cognitive, language, and motor domains measured via BSID were the primary outcomes.ResultsA total of 706 infants (mean [SD] age, 28.6 [2.4] weeks; 375 male [53.1%]) met inclusion criteria. In a multivariable model, which included adjustments for birth weight, sex, insurance type, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and age at assessment, public health insurance was associated with a 4-fold increased risk of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in cognitive and language domains (cognitive, odds ratio [OR], 3.65; 95% CI, 2.28-5.86; P = 8.1 × 10−8; language, OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.61-6.02; P = 1.0 × 10−10) and a 3-fold increased risk in the motor domain (motor, OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.59-4.24; P = 1.4 × 10−4). In this adjusted model, clinical factors that were associated with an increased risk of moderate to severe NDI included lower birth weight, diagnosis of IVH, male sex, and older age at time of Bayley assessment. In unadjusted analyses, infants who received either laser or anti-VEGF treatment, compared with infants without treatment-requiring ROP, had lower BSID scores in multiple domains at 0 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, and 24 to 36 months (DATA). In the multivariable model, treatment type was no longer associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in any domain.Conclusions and RelevanceStudy results suggest an association between public insurance type and NDI in a diverse population screened for ROP, indicating the complexities of neurodevelopment. This study also supports the early neurodevelopmental safety of anti-VEGF treatment, as anti-VEGF therapy was not found to be independently associated with worse NDI in any domain.
Factors Associated With Diagnostic Delay in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Impact of Clinical Factors and Social Vulnerability
Authors: McDermott Gregory C. , Monshizadeh Armaan , Selzer Faith , Zhao Sizheng S. , Ermann Joerg , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivePatients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) often experience significant delay between symptom onset and diagnosis for reasons that are incompletely understood. We investigated associations between demographic, medical, and socioeconomic factors and axSpA diagnostic delay.MethodsWe identified patients meeting modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or 2009 Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria for axSpA in the Mass General Brigham health care system between December 1990 and October 2021. We determined the duration of diagnostic delay, defined as the duration of back pain symptoms reported at diagnosis, as well as disease manifestations and specialty care prior to diagnosis from the electronic health record. We obtained each patient's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) by mapping their address to the US Centers for Disease Control SVI Atlas. We examined associations among disease manifestations, SVI, and diagnostic delay using ordinal logistic regression.ResultsAmong 554 patients with axSpA who had a median diagnostic delay of 3.8 years (interquartile range 1.1–10), peripheral arthritis (odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–0.93) and older age at symptom onset (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.88 per five years) were associated with shorter delay. AS at diagnosis (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.30–2.63), a history of uveitis prior to diagnosis (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.73–4.52), and higher social vulnerability (defined as national SVI 80th to 99th percentiles; OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.06–3.84) were associated with longer diagnostic delay.ConclusionOlder age at back pain onset and peripheral arthritis were associated with shorter delay, whereas uveitis was associated with longer diagnostic delay. Patients with higher socioeconomic vulnerability had longer diagnostic delay independent of clinical factors.
Influence of Organic Spacer Cation on Dark Excitons in 2D Perovskites
Authors: Bailey Christopher G. , Gillan Lara V. , Lee Minwoo , Sloane Nicholas , Liu Xu , Hao Xiaojing , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , McCamey Dane R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe organic spacer cation plays a crucial role in determining the exciton fine structure in 2D perovskites. Here, magneto‐optical spectroscopy is used to gain insight into the influence of the organic spacer on dark excitons in Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites. Using modest magnetic field strengths (<1.5 T), the optically forbidden dark exciton state can be identified and its emission properties significantly modulated via application of in‐plane magnetic fields, up to temperatures of 15 K. At low temperatures, an increase in collected photoluminescence efficiency of >30% is demonstrated, signifying the critical role of the dark exciton state for light‐emitting applications of 2D perovskites. The exciton fine structure and the degree of magnetic‐field‐induced mixing are significantly impacted by the choice of organic spacer cation, with 4–methoxyphenylethylammonium (MeO‐PEA) showing the largest effect due to larger bright–dark exciton splitting. This study distinguishes between interior (bulk) and surface dark‐exciton emission, showing that bright–dark exciton splitting differs between the interior and surface. The results emphasize the significance of the organic spacer cation in controlling the exciton fine structure in 2D perovskites and have important implications for the development of optoelectronic technology based on 2D perovskites.
Impact of Anodic Oxidation Reactions in the Performance Evaluation of High‐Rate CO2/CO Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Qiucheng , Liu Sihang , Longhin Francesco , Kastlunger Georg , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) approach appears to be the most promising technique to realize the high‐rate CO2/CO electrolysis, however there are major challenges related to the crossover of ions and liquid products from cathode to anode via the membrane and the concomitant anodic oxidation reactions (AORs). In this perspective, by combining experimental and theoretical analyses, several impacts of anodic oxidation of liquid products in terms of performance evaluation are investigated. First, the crossover behavior of several typical liquid products through an anion‐exchange membrane is analyzed. Subsequently, two instructive examples (introducing formate or ethanol oxidation during electrolysis) reveals that the dynamic change of the anolyte (i.e., pH and composition) not only brings a slight shift of anodic potentials (i.e., change of competing reactions), but also affects the chemical stability of the anode catalyst. Anodic oxidation of liquid products can also cause either over‐ or under‐estimation of the Faradaic efficiency, leading to an inaccurate assessment of overall performance. To comprehensively understand fundamentals of AORs, a theoretical guideline with hierarchical indicators is further developed to predict and regulate the possible AORs in an electrolyzer. The perspective concludes by giving some suggestions on rigorous performance evaluations for high‐rate CO2/CO electrolysis in an MEA‐based setup.
Diagnosing the Electrostatic Shielding Mechanism for Dendrite Suppression in Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yuan Yi , Pu Shengda D. , Pérez‐Osorio Miguel A. , Li Zixuan , Zhang Shengming , Yang Sixie , Liu Boyang , Gong Chen , Menon Ashok S. , Piper Louis F. J. , Gao Xiangwen , Bruce Peter G. , Robertson Alex W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc electrolytes offer the potential for cheaper rechargeable batteries due to their safe compatibility with the high capacity metal anode; yet, they are stymied by irregular zinc deposition and consequent dendrite growth. Suppressing dendrite formation by tailoring the electrolyte is a proven approach from lithium batteries; yet, the underlying mechanistic understanding that guides such tailoring does not necessarily directly translate from one system to the other. Here, it is shown that the electrostatic shielding mechanism, a fundamental concept in electrolyte engineering for stable metal anodes, has different consequences for the plating morphology in aqueous zinc batteries. Operando electrochemical transmission electron microscopy is used to directly observe the zinc nucleation and growth under different electrolyte compositions and reveal that electrostatic shielding additive suppresses dendrites by inhibiting secondary zinc nucleation along the (100) edges of existing primary deposits and encouraging preferential deposition on the (002) faces, leading to a dense and block‐like zinc morphology. The strong influence of the crystallography of Zn on the electrostatic shielding mechanism is further confirmed with Zn||Ti cells and density functional theory modeling. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the unique aspects of the aqueous zinc battery system when using concepts from other battery chemistries.
Recent Advances in Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Metal–Organic Hybrids: Structures, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Li Xian , Wang Yuefei , Zhang Zaiyong , Cai Suzhi , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal–organic hybrid (MOH) materials with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have drawn attention in recent years due to their superior RTP properties of high phosphorescence efficiency and ultralong emission lifetime. Great achievement has been realized in developing MOH materials with high‐performance RTP, but a systematic study on MOH materials with RTP feature is lacking. This review highlights recent advances in metal–organic hybrid RTP materials. The molecular packing, the photophysical properties, and their applications of metal–organic hybrid RTP materials are discussed in detail. Metal–organic hybrid RTP materials can be divided into six parts: coordination polymers, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal‐halide hybrids, organic ionic crystals, organic ionic polymers, and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites. These RTP materials have been successfully applied in time‐resolved data encryption, fingerprint recognition, information logic gates, X‐ray imaging, and photomemory. This review not only provides the basic principles of designing RTP metal–organic hybrids, but also propounds the future research prospects of RTP metal–organic hybrids. This review offers many effective strategies for developing metal–organic hybrids with excellent RTP properties, thus satisfying practical applications.
Solvent‐Free Ultrafast Construction of Se‐Deficient Heterojunctions of Bimetallic Selenides toward Flexible Sodium‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Sun Zhong‐Hui , Qu Dong‐Yang , Han Dong‐Xue , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Ma Ying‐Ming , Zhao Bo‐Lin , Song Zhong‐Qian , Wu Xing‐Long , Niu Li 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFlexible quasi‐solid‐state sodium ion batteries featuring their low‐cost, high safety and excellent mechanical strength have attracted widespread interest in the field of wearable electronic devices. However, the development of such batteries faces great challenges including the construction of interfacial compatible flexible electrode materials and addressing the high safety demands of electrolyte. Here selenium‐vacancies regulated bimetallic selenide heterojunctions anchored on waste cotton cloth‐derived flexible carbon cloth (FCC) with robust interfacial C‐Se‐Co/Fe chemical bonds as a flexible anode material (CCFSF) is proposed by ultrafast microwave pyrolysis method. Rich selenium vacancies and CoSe2/FeSe2−x heterostructures are synchronously formed that can significantly improve ionic and electronic diffusion kinetics. Additionally, a uniform carbon layer coating on the surface of Se‐deficient heterostructures endows it with outstanding structural stability. The flexible cathode (PB@FCC) is also fabricated by directly growing Prussian blue nanoparticles on the FCC. Furthermore, an advanced flexible quasi‐solid‐state Na‐ion pouch cell is assembled by coupling CCFSF anode, PB@FCC cathode with P(VDF‐HFP)‐based gel polymer electrolyte. The full cell not only demonstrates excellent energy storage performance but also robust mechanical flexibility and safety. The present work offers an effective avenue to achieve high safety flexible energy storage device, promoting the development of flexible wearable electronic devices.