bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of attenuation correction of radiotherapy hardware for positron emission tomography‐magnetic resonance in ano‐rectal radiotherapy patients
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan J. , Petrides George , Pearson Rachel A. , McCallum Hazel M. , Maxwell Ross J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPositron Emission Tomography‐Magnetic Resonance (PET‐MR) scanners could improve ano‐rectal radiotherapy planning through improved Gross Tumour Volume (GTV) delineation and enabling dose painting strategies using metabolic measurements. This requires accurate quantitative PET images acquired in the radiotherapy treatment position.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the impact on GTV delineation and metabolic parameter measurement of using novel Attenuation Correction (AC) maps that included the radiotherapy flat couch, coil bridge and anterior coil to see if they were necessary.MethodsSeventeen ano‐rectal radiotherapy patients received a ‐FluoroDeoxyGlucose PET‐MR scan in the radiotherapy position. PET images were reconstructed without () and with () the radiotherapy hardware included. Both AC maps used the same Computed Tomography image for patient AC. Semi‐manual and threshold GTVs were delineated on both PET images, the volumes compared and the Dice coefficient calculated. Metabolic parameters: Standardized Uptake Values , and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) were compared using paired t‐tests with a Bonferroni corrected significance level of .ResultsDifferences in semi‐manual GTV volumes between and were approaching statistical significance (difference , ), with larger differences in low FDG‐avid tumours (). The and GTVs were concordant with Dice coefficients (manual) and (threshold). Metabolic parameters were significantly different, with , and TLG differences of (), () and () respectively. The TLG difference resulted in 1/8 rectal cancer patients changing prognosis group, based on literature TLG cut‐offs, when using rather than .ConclusionsThis study suggests that using AC maps with the radiotherapy hardware included is feasible for patient imaging. The impact on tumour delineation was mixed and needs to be evaluated in larger cohorts. However using AC of the radiotherapy hardware is important for situations where accurate metabolic measurements are required, such as dose painting and treatment prognostication.
Development of a Novel Hierarchically Biofabricated Blood Vessel Mimic Decorated with Three Vascular Cell Populations for the Reconstruction of Small‐Diameter Arteries
Authors: Carrabba Michele , Fagnano Marco , Ghorbel Mohamed T , Rapetto Filippo , Su Bo , De Maria Carmelo , Vozzi Giovanni , Biglino Giovanni , Perriman Adam W. , Caputo Massimo , Madeddu Paolo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe availability of grafts to replace small‐diameter arteries remains an unmet clinical need. Here, the validated methodology is reported for a novel hybrid tissue‐engineered vascular graft that aims to match the natural structure of small‐size arteries. The blood vessel mimic (BVM) comprises an internal conduit of co‐electrospun gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (corresponding to the tunica intima of an artery), reinforced by an additional layer of PCL aligned fibers (the internal elastic membrane). Endothelial cells are deposited onto the luminal surface using a rotative bioreactor. A bioprinting system extrudes two concentric cell‐laden hydrogel layers containing respectively vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes to create the tunica media and adventitia. The semi‐automated cellularization process reduces the production and maturation time to 6 days. After the evaluation of mechanical properties, cellular viability, hemocompatibility, and suturability, the BVM is successfully implanted in the left pulmonary artery of swine. Here, the BVM showed good hemostatic properties, capability to withstand blood pressure, and patency at 5 weeks post‐implantation. These promising data open a new avenue to developing an artery‐like product for reconstructing small‐diameter blood vessels.
Engineered Microcystis aerugiosa Hydrogel as an Anti‐Tumor Therapeutic by Augmenting Tumor Immunogenicity and Immune Responses
Authors: Meng Xiaoyan , Liu Zhonglong , Yang Yangzi , Li Jiaxin , Ran Zhaoyang , Zhu Yingchun , Fu Jingke , He Yue , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy holds great promise but is generally limited by insufficient induction of anticancer immune responses. In this work, Microcystis aerugiosa (MA) is observed to act as an immune stimulator, which activates the cGAS‐STING and IRF‐signaling pathways of dendritic cells (DCs), induces immunostimulatory factors production, eventually resulting in the death of tumor cells by promoting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells infiltration. To further enhance the tumor immunogenicity, MA is engineered with polydopamine (PDA) and assembled in injectable Pluronic F127 hydrogels (denoted as MA@PDA‐F127). The introduction of PDA endows the MA@PDA‐F127 with photothermal therapy capability, which enhances the immunogenicity by in situ exposing damage‐associated molecular patterns and tumor antigens from dying tumor cells. Importantly, the surface‐rich reaction sites in thermosensitive MA@PDA‐F127 hydrogels capture antigens, facilitating long retention of antigens exposure and enhancing DCs maturation for advanced anti‐tumor immune response. Accordingly, in situ administration of MA@PDA‐F127 hydrogels in a single dose achieves efficient eradication of both primary and distant tumors in an orthotopic tumor metastasis model. Furthermore, this hydrogel can sensitize immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and enhance T cell infiltration in a murine tumor model. Collectively, MA@PDA‐F127 hydrogel offers an effective anti‐tumor therapeutic by augmenting tumor immunogenicity and activating a systematic immune response.
Simultaneously Enhanced Energy Harvesting and Storage Performance Achieved by 3D Mix‐Phase Mose2‐Nise/NF
Authors: He Xinrui , Sun Hailong , Li Zhipeng , Song Jie , Li Hezhang , Wang Chao , Niu Yi , Jiang Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs an energy harvesting device, the newly emerged thermocell has attracted great interest. However, it requires an additional energy storage device to complete a functional recycling system. As the core part of energy harvesting and storage devices, the design of electrodes with both high thermoelectric and electrochemical conversion efficiencies is particularly important. Herein, a high‐performance thermocell and supercapacitor device are constructed by employing the same mix‐phase MoSe2‐NiSe/NF electrode for both energy harvesting and storage. The thermocell exhibits an enhanced Seebeck coefficient of −1.69 mV K−1 and a superior output of 0.58 mW m−2 K−2 for low‐grade heat harvesting. Meanwhile, the supercapacitor device shows a great energy density of 54 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 806 W kg−1 and excellent cycling stability with a 92.8% retention rate after 50 000 cycles. This work offers a universal approach for the rational design of synergistic electrode materials to simultaneously achieve high‐energy harvesting and storage devices and lays a foundation for the recycling system of thermoelectric harvesting, conversion, and storage.
Improved Performance of High‐Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by Purified CNT Nanoporous Sheets
Authors: Kwon Obeen , Yang Seonghyeon , Kang Byung‐Ho , Park Junghyun , Park Gyutae , Baek Jiwon , Oh Hyoun‐Myoung , So Yoonho , Park Sung‐Hoon , Jeong Youngjin , Park Taehyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGiven environmental friendliness, high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) can be the alternative power source for clean power generation. However, neither developments nor strategies of diffusion media are actively conducted yet to achieve high‐performance HT‐PEMFCs. Herein, a nanoporous carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet, a new anode diffusion layer between the gas diffusion layer|bipolar plate interface that improves fuel cell performance and durability by CNT purification for facilitating fuel accessibility with uniform interfacial contact for reducing acid loss, is reported. Configuration of the optimal CNT‐inserted fuel cell is examined and proposed under the operating temperature of 140–200 °C. The underlying mechanism of this new diffusion layer with multiphysics simulation elucidates that the nanoporous nature induces gas‐wall collision, enabling uniform dispersion within adjacent diffusion media. These fuel cells outperform performance over two times higher and have a voltage decay rate nearly two times lower than conventional HT‐PEMFC.
Controlling the Glassy State toward Structural and Mechanical Enhancement: Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glass Using Advanced Laser Beam Shaping Technology
Authors: Hadibeik Sepide , Ghasemi‐Tabasi Hossein , Burn Andreas , Lani Sébastien , Spieckermann Florian , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) offer exceptional physical/mechanical properties enabling them to be highly desirable for a variety of applications. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has great promise for producing large and intricate BMG structures. However, using non‐optimal energy distribution in current additive manufacturing machines leads to extensive reheating of previously solidified layers. As a result, the mechanical characteristics can be significantly impacted by structural relaxation and partial crystallization. Here, a tunable advanced laser beam shaping technology is employed to overcome the difficulties originating from non‐optimal energy distribution in current additive manufacturing machines. This study fabricates fully amorphous/dense BMG samples using the shaped laser beam and established optimized atomic‐scale short‐and medium‐range ordering along with improved yield/fracture compressive strength. Formation of a shallow and wide melting pool geometry using the beam shaping allows to increase hatching distances to better control the thermal history introducing improved amorphicity and rejuvenation. This higher rejuvenation and disordering allow for increased atomic mobility, which facilitates the creation and spread of shear bands, thus enhancing the mechanical strength and ductility of the material. The current work demonstrates that BMG parts can be fabricated using flexible beam‐shaping technology allowing to go beyond the capabilities of state‐of‐the‐art additive manufacturing techniques.
A Self‐Adaptive Biomimetic Periosteum Employing Nitric Oxide Release for Augmenting Angiogenesis in Bone Defect Regeneration
Authors: Zhou Zhangzhe , Liu Yang , Li Wenjing , Zhao Zhijian , Xia Xiaowei , Liu Junlin , Deng Yaoge , Wu Yubin , Pan Xiangqiang , He Fan , Yang Huilin , Lu Weihong , Xu Yong , Zhu Xuesong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe periosteum plays a vital role in the regeneration of critical‐size bone defects and highly comminuted fractures, promoting the differentiation of osteoblasts, accelerating the reconstruction of the vascular network, and guiding bone tissue regeneration. However, the materials loaded with exogenous growth factors are limited by the release and activity of the elements. Therefore, the material structure must be carefully designed for the periosteal function. Here, a self‐adaptive biomimetic periosteum strategy is proposed, which is a novel interpenetrating double network hydrogel consisting of diselenide‐containing gelatin and calcium alginate (modified natural collagen and polysaccharide) to enhance the stability, anti‐swelling, and delayed degradation of the hydrogel. The diselenide bond continuously releases nitric oxide (NO) by metabolizing endogenous nitrosated thiols (RSNO), activates the nitric oxide‐cycle guanosine monophosphate (NO‐cGMP) signal pathway, coordinates the coupling effect of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and accelerates the repair of bone defects. This self‐adaptive biomimetic periosteum with the interpenetrating double network structure formed by the diselenide‐containing gelatin and calcium alginate has been proven to be safe and effective in repairing critical‐size bone defects and is expected to provide a promising strategy for solving clinical problems.
Electroreductive Umpolung Enabling Reformatsky‐Type Reaction of Bromodifluoroamides with Aldehydes/Ketones
Authors: Shen Zheng‐Jia , Tu Jia‐Lin , Guo Lin , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn electrochemical Reformatsky‐type reaction of bromodifluoroamides with aldehydes/ketones via electron reductive umpolung is reported, leading to the generation of a series of β‐hydroxy‐α,α‐difluoro amides in moderate to good yields. This protocol tolerated a variety of commercially available alkyl ketone, alkyl and aromatic aldehydes, featuring broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance under transition metal‐free conditions without metal reduction reagents. Control experiment indicated that the reaction proceeded via an electron reductive umpolung pathway.
All‐Optical Thermometry with Infrared Emitting Defects in Diamond
Authors: de Vries Mitchell O. , del Rosal Blanca , Messalea Kibret A. , Gibson Brant C. , Reineck Philipp , Johnson Brett C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiamond color centers (optically active defects) can be used for all‐optical thermometry for non‐invasive and localized temperature measurements. The visible to near‐infrared photoluminescence of these defects is greatly attenuated in optical fibres and biological samples and therefore limits their use. A color center in Si‐doped diamond with emission coinciding with the O‐band and a major biological transparency window has recently been reported. It has a zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1221 nm and well‐resolved phonon side‐band features. In this work, a strong temperature dependence above 150 K is observed, allowing for accurate temperature measurements up to approximately 420 K. The temperature can be determined via spectral shifts or thermal broadening of the ZPL and through the intensity ratio between the ZPL and the phonon side‐band to a maximum temperature resolution of 0.57 K/. Thermometry using these micro‐diamonds is demonstrated for both electronic and biological applications highlighting their versatility. The potential for further enhancements in sensitivity is discussed.
Entropy and Isokinetic Temperature in Fast Ion Transport
Authors: Du Peng , Zhu Hong , Braun Artur , Yelon Arthur , Chen Qianli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIon transport in crystalline solids is an essential process for many electrochemical energy converters such as solid‐state batteries and fuel cells. Empirical data have shown that ion transport in crystal lattices obeys the Meyer‐Neldel Rule (MNR). For similar, closely related materials, when the material properties are changed by doping or by strain, the measured ionic conductivities showing different activation energies intersect on the Arrhenius plot, at an isokinetic temperature. Therefore, the isokinetic temperature is a critical parameter for improving the ionic conductivity. However, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental mechanism of MNR in ion transport is lacking. Here the physical significance and applicability of MNR is discussed, that is, of activation entropy‐enthalpy compensation, in crystalline fast ionic conductors, and the methods for determining the isokinetic temperature. Lattice vibrations provide the excitation energy for the ions to overcome the activation barrier. The multi‐excitation entropy model suggests that isokinetic temperature can be tuned by modulating the excitation phonon frequency. The relationship between isokinetic temperature and isokinetic prefactor can provide information concerning conductivity mechanisms. The need to effectively determine the isokinetic temperature for accelerating the design of new fast ionic conductors with high conductivity is highlighted.
Hexabutylcyclohexane‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexaimine Additive‐Assisted Commercial Ester Electrolyte for 4.7 V Highly‐Stable Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jia Ruiliu , Dai Hongliu , Tu Xingchao , Sun Chuang , Sun Shuhui , Lai Chao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of high‐energy density batteries is of utmost importance for various applications. However, the utilization of numerous high‐capacity materials is impeded by the inadequate stability of electrolytes beyond 4.5 V. This research proposes a straightforward yet highly efficient strategy to overcome this limitation and enhance the stability of interfaces in high‐voltage Li metal batteries when employing commercial ester electrolytes. A series of electrolyte additives is designed with the aim of gradually extending the length of the terminal alkyl groups of cyclohexane‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexaimine (CHHI). Among these additives, hexabutylcyclohexane‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexaimine (HBCHHI) demonstrate exceptional performance due to the synergistic complementarity of n‐butyl and imino groups. This synergistic effect leads to the formation of a thinner, denser, and LixN‐rich solid/cathode‐electrolyte interface. Accordingly, the electrolyte‐electrode interactions are suppressed, enabling Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) battery operation at a high‐voltage of 4.7 V with alleviated structural degradation of cathode and even Li deposition at the anode. The capacity retention of high‐voltage Li||NCM811 cells is improved by ≈250% after 500 cycles at a rate of 5C. The lifespan of full cells is also prolonged at quasi‐practical conditions of high cathode loading of ≈2.5 mAh cm−2.
Aortic dissection in a young male with persistent ductus arteriosus and a novel variant in MYLK
Authors: Boelman Maria Bejerholm , Hansen Thomas van Overeem , Smith Matthias Nybro , Hammer‐Hansen Sophia , Christensen Alex Hørby , Diness Birgitte Rode 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPathogenic variants in several genes involved in the function or regulation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) are known to predispose to congenital heart disease and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD). Variants in MYLK are primarily known to predispose to TAAD, but a growing body of evidence points toward MYLK also playing an essential role in the regulation of SMC contraction outside the aorta. In this case report, we present a patient with co‐occurrence of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and thoracic aortic dissection. Genetic analyses revealed a novel splice acceptor variant (c.3986‐1G > A) in MYLK, which segregated with disease in the family. RNA‐analyses on fibroblasts showed that the variant induced skipping of exon 24, which resulted in an in‐frame deletion of 101 amino acids. These findings suggest that MYLK‐associated disease could include a broader phenotypic spectrum than isolated TAAD, including PDA and obstructive pulmonary disease. Genetic analyses could be considered in families with TAAD and PDA or obstructive pulmonary disease.
Studying the optoelectronic properties and emission quenching dynamics of poly‐TPD by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Al‐Asbahi Bandar Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, the optoelectronic properties and emission dynamic quenching of poly‐TPD were investigated upon incorporating ZnO nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A solution blending method was utilized to successfully prepare poly‐TPD incorporated with various contents of ZnO/MWCNT nanocomposites. The optoelectronic properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed using UV–Vis and photoluminescence spectrophotometry. The incorporation of the nanocomposites resulted in a decrease in transmittance, reflectance, and absorption edge, indicating a reduction in the poly‐TPD's bandgap. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, Urbach energy, and charge carrier density also decreased with addition of the nanocomposites, suggesting increased scattering, disorder, and the presence of defect states. The decrease in bandgap from 2.970 to 2.852 eV with increasing the nanocomposite content confirmed the emergence of new electronic states. Furthermore, the nature of the transitions changed from direct allowed for pure poly‐TPD to direct forbidden upon incorporation of the nanocomposites. The inclusion of the nanocomposites also led to a decrease in refractive index and fluorescence intensity. The observed fluorescence quenching primarily exhibited dynamic characteristics, with a Stern–Volmer constant of 5.14 L/g and quenching rate constants surpassing the minimum threshold for efficient quenching. The increase in charge transfer rate constants with the nanocomposite content indicated enhanced quenching efficiency and charge transfer, likely due to the increased surface area and presence of defects. These findings suggest that poly‐TPD incorporated with ZnO/MWCNT nanocomposites displays promising properties for applications in optoelectronic devices.
A new backward shift algorithm for system identification by a good choice of frequencies
Authors: Mi Wen , Qian Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we propose a novel backward shift algorithm for pole estimation of linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems. By making adjustments, we address the question: How should the frequencies of input signals be chosen? We select the frequencies based on algebraic accuracy in the numerical integral and use the Gaussian–Legendre formula in this process. After poles are located, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the new backward shift algorithm (new BSA) along with the least squares (LS) method are used to identify the systems. Two examples show that the proposed method for pole estimation performs better and the corresponding identification algorithm is practical.
Enhancing and monitoring spore production in Clostridium butyricum using pH‐based regulation strategy and a robust soft sensor based on back‐propagation neural networks
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhang Wenxiao , Wang Yonghong , Tian Xiwei , Chu Ju 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClostridium butyricum is a probiotic that forms anaerobic spores and plays a crucial role in regulating gut microbiota. However, the total viable cell count and spore yield of C. butyricum in industrial production are comparatively low. To this end, we investigated the metabolic characteristics of the strain and proposed three distinct pH regulation strategies for enhancing spore production. In addition, precise measurement of fermentation parameters such as substrate concentration, total viable cell count, and spore concentration is crucial for successful industrial probiotics production. Nevertheless, online measurement of these intricate parameters in the fermentation of C. butyricum poses a considerable challenge owing to the complex, nonlinear, multivariate, and strongly coupled characteristics of the production process. Therefore, we analyzed the capacitance and conductivity acquired from a viable cell sensor as the core parameters for the fermentation process. Subsequently, a robust soft sensor was developed using a seven‐input back‐propagation neural network model with input variables of fermentation time, capacitance, conductivity, pH, initial total sugar concentration, ammonium ion concentration, and calcium ion concentration. The model enables the online monitoring of total viable biomass count, substrate concentrations, and spore yield, and can be extended to similar fermentation processes with pH changes as a characteristic feature.