bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in the child and adolescent psychoses
Authors: Garralda M.Elena , Watt Alison E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe examined seasonality effects in a controlled study of children and adolescents with psychotic states. There was a peak of psychotic births between February and March but this pattern did not differentiate psychotics from psychiatrically disturbed controls. Onset of illness was found to be significantly more common in the summer months (June to August) in psychotics than in controls. We discuss possible explanations for this phenomenon.
The family and the unemployed adolescent
Authors: Patton Wendy , Noller Patricia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study explores the relationship between adolescent unemployment and family functioning. Adolescents and their parents completed the Family Adaptability and Evaluation Scales (FACES III) initially when the adolescents were in the final year of compulsory schooling, and then again at yearly intervals for 2 years. During this time the adolescents had either returned to school, or become employed or unemployed. Differences in perceptions according to employment group of the adolescent were found for both adolescents and their parents, highlighting the effect of an unemployed adolescent on adolescent and parent perceptions of family functioning. Unemployed adolescents and their parents saw the family as less cohesive at all three times of the study. Parents of employed and unemployed adolescents wanted more cohesion, as did unemployed males and females, and employed males. Greater dissatisfaction about family cohesion was expressed by unemployed adolescents and their parents than by the other groups.
Parent and adolescent perceptions of family functioning: a comparison of clinic and non‐clinic families
Authors: Noller Patricia , Seth‐Smith Mary , Bouma Ruth , Schweitzer Robert 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper two studies are reported which compare (a) the perceptions of family functioning held by clinic and non‐clinic adolescents, and (b) the perceptions of family functioning held by adolescents and their mothers in clinic and non‐clinic families. In Study 1, matched group of clinic and non‐clinic adolescents were compared on their responses to a 30‐item scale (ICPS) designed to measure three factors of family functioning: Intimacy (high vs. low), Parenting Style (democratic vs. controlled) and Conflict (high vs. low). Clinic and non‐clinic adolescents were also compared on their responses to a multi‐dimensional measure of adolescent self‐concept. Although there was little difference between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, there were strong relationships between the self‐concept variables and the family functioning variables. In Study 2, comparisons were made between the perceptions of family functioning held by mothers and adolescents for both clinical and non‐clinic families. There were no differences between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, although there were clear differences between the two groups of mothers. In addition, clinic adolescents and their mothers did not differ in their perceptions of the family, whereas adolescents in the non‐clinic group saw their families significantly as less intimate and more conflicted than did their mothers.
Interrogative suggestibility among adolescent boys and its relationship with intelligence, memory, and cognitive set
Authors: Singh Krishna K. , Gudjonsson Gisli H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study investigates some of the hypotheses generated by the Gudjonsson and Clark model of interrogative suggestibility. The subjects were 40 adolescent boys (11–16 years), who completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale and instruments measuring intellectual skills, memory, field‐dependence, hostility, and attitudes towards persons in authority. Suggestibility correlated negatively with I.Q. and memory capacity, and positively with field‐dependence.
Localizability Analysis for GPS/Galileo Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
Authors: Hewitson Steve , Kyu Lee Hung , Wang Jinling 
Published: April 2004

With the European Commission (EC) and European Space Agency's (ESA) plans to develop a new satellite navigation system, Galileo and the modernisation of GPS well underway the integrity of such systems is as much, if not more, of a concern as ever. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) refers to the integrity monitoring of the GPS/Galileo navigation signals autonomously performed by the receiver independent of any external reference systems, apart from the navigation signals themselves. Quality measures need to be used to evaluate the RAIM performance at different locations and under various navigation modes, such as GPS only and GPS/Galileo integration, etc. The quality measures should include both the reliability and localizability measures. Reliability is used to assess the capability of GPS/Galileo receivers to detect the outliers while localizability is used to determine the capability of GPS/Galileo receivers to correctly identify the detected outlier from the measurements processed.Within this paper, the fundamental equations required for effective outlier detection and identification algorithms are described together with the measures of reliability and localizability. Detailed simulations and analyses have been performed to assess the performances of GPS only and integrated GPS/Galileo navigation solutions with respect to reliability and localizability. Simulation results show that, in comparison with the GPS-only solution, the localizability of the integrated GPS/Galileo solution can be improved by up to 270%. The results also indicate an expectation of a considerable increase in the sensitivity to outliers and accuracy of their estimation with the augmentation of the Galileo system with the existing GPS system.
Treatment of alcohol withdrawal: chlormethiazole vs. carbamazepine and the effect on memory performance—a pilot study
Authors: Seifert J , Peters E , Jahn K , Metzner C , Ohlmeier M , te Wildt B , Emrich HM , Schneider U 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough relatively little attention has been paid to the question how acute alcohol withdrawal might affect cognitive functions, this factor remains of particular interest because it influences psychotherapeutic treatment during detoxification. The clinical outcome and neuropsychological state of 37 inpatients with alcohol withdrawal was investigated in a randomized single‐blind approach. Two different medical strategies [chlormethiazole (CMZ) vs. carbamazepine (CBZ)] in the treatment of inpatients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome were compared. Among comparable groups (related to gender, age, initial alcohol level, severity of abuses, severity of initial withdrawal symptoms such as tremor, perspiration, psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, orientation, intelligence, patient demographics), CBZ is just as potent as CMZ in therapy of withdrawal symptoms (circulatory function, vegetative function, psychomotor activity). Patients in both groups showed initial impairments in some neuropsychological tests (d2, Zahlen‐Verbundings test, Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index) with significant improvement during detoxification. Additionally, CBZ‐treated patients showed significantly better verbal memory performance during the first days of treatment. Without any addictive potential, CBZ therapy could be very supportive in alcohol detoxification. In addition a higher verbal memory performance state could be favourable for a psychotherapeutic approach.
Naltrexone: report of lack of hepatotoxicity in acute viral hepatitis, with a review of the literature
Authors: Brewer Colin , Wong Voi Shim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMany clinicians appear to be concerned about the potential hepatotoxicity of the opiate antagonist naltrexone (NTX) and this may be one reason why it is not used more widely in treating both heroin and alcohol abusers. Some much‐quoted early studies noted abnormalities in liver function tests (LFTs) in very obese patients taking high doses, although there was no evidence of clinically significant liver dysfunction. These concerns may be reinforced by advice in the UK product information sheet to perform LFTs before and during treatment, by high infection rates with hepatitis C virus (HCV) among injecting heroin addicts and by the frequency of abnormal LFTs in alcohol abusers. We describe a heroin abuser in whom clinical and laboratory manifestations of acute hepatitis B and C appeared a few days after the insertion of a subcutaneous naltrexone implant. A decision was made not to remove the implant but the hepatitis resolved completely and uneventfully well within the normal time‐scale. A review of the literature indicates that even when given at much higher doses than are needed for treating heroin or alcohol abusers, there is no evidence that NTX causes clinically significant liver disease or exacerbates, even at high doses, serious pre‐existing liver disease. During the past decade, NTX has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of pruritus associated with severe jaundice caused by severe and sometimes life‐threatening cirrhosis and other liver diseases. Its safety, even in these extreme conditions, is particularly reassuring. We suggest that it may be more appropriate and economical to advise patients to report promptly any suspected side effects than to perform regular LFTs, which may be misleading.
Real rank and squaring mappings for unital 𝐶*-algebras
Authors: Chigogidze A. , Karasev A. , Rørdam M. 
Published: April 2004

It is proved that if

X
X

is a compact Hausdorff space of Lebesgue dimension

dim
⁡
(
X
)

\dim (X)

, then the squaring mapping

α

m

:

(
C
(
X

)

s
a

)

m

→
C
(
X

)

+

\alpha _{m} \colon \left ( C(X)_{\mathrm {sa}}\right )^{m} \to C(X)_{+}

, defined by

α

m

(

f

1

,
…
,

f

m

)
=

∑

i
=
1

m

f

i

2

\alpha _{m}(f_{1},\dots ,f_{m}) = \sum _{i=1}^{m} f_{i}^{2}

, is open if and only if

m
−
1
≥
dim
⁡
(
X
)

m -1 \ge \dim (X)

. Hence the Lebesgue dimension of

X
X

can be detected from openness of the squaring maps

α
m

\alpha _m

. In the case

m
=
1

m=1

it is proved that the map

x
↦

x
2

x \mapsto x^2

, from the selfadjoint elements of a unital

C

∗

C^{\ast }

-algebra

A
A

into its positive elements, is open if and only if

A
A

is isomorphic to

C
(
X
)

C(X)

for some compact Hausdorff space

X
X

with

dim
⁡
(
X
)
=
0

\dim (X)=0

.
Asymptotic estimates for a two-dimensional problem with polynomial nonlinearity
Authors: Adimurthi  , Grossi Massimo 
Published: April 2004

In this paper we give asymptotic estimates of the least energy solution

u
p

u_p

of the functional

J
(
u
)
=

∫
Ω

|

∇
u

|

2

constrained on the manifold

∫
Ω

|

u

|

p
+
1

=
1

\begin{equation*} J(u) =\int _\Omega |\nabla u|^2 \quad \text {constrained on the manifold }\int _\Omega |u|^{p+1}=1\end{equation*}

as

p
p

goes to infinity. Here

Ω
\Omega

is a smooth bounded domain of

R

2

\mathbb {R}^2

. Among other results we give a positive answer to a question raised by Chen, Ni, and Zhou (2000) by showing that

lim

p
→
∞

|

|

u

p

|

|

∞

=

e

\lim \limits _{p\rightarrow \infty }||u_{p}||_{\infty }=\sqrt e

.
A Wold-type decomposition for commuting isometric pairs
Authors: Popovici Dan 
Published: April 2004

We obtain a Wold-type decomposition theorem for an arbitrary pair of commuting isometries

V
V

on a Hilbert space. More precisely,

V
V

can be uniquely decomposed into the orthogonal sum between a bi-unitary, a shift-unitary, a unitary-shift and a weak bi-shift part, that is, a part

S
=
(

S
1

,

S
2

)

S=(S_1,S_2)

that can be characterized by the condition that

S
1

S
2

,

S
1

|

⋂

n
≥
0

ker
⁡

S
2
∗

S
1
n

S_1S_2,\ S_1|_{\bigcap _{n\ge 0}\ker S_2^*S_1^n}

and

S
2

|

⋂

n
≥
0

ker
⁡

S
1
∗

S
2
n

S_2|_{\bigcap _{n\ge 0}\ker S_1^*S_2^n}

are shifts. Moreover,

S
S

contains bi-shift and modified bi-shift maximal parts.
A brief remark on van der Waerden spaces
Authors: Jones Albin 
Published: April 2004

We demonstrate that Martin’s axiom for

σ
\sigma

-centered notions of forcing implies the existence of a van der Waerden space that is not a Hindman space. Our proof is an adaptation of the one given by M. Kojman and S. Shelah that such a space exists if one assumes the continuum hypothesis to be true.
Hankel operators with antiholomorphic symbols on the Fock space
Authors: Schneider Georg 
Published: April 2004

We consider Hankel operators of the formHz¯k:Fm:={f:f is entire and∫Cn|f(z)|2e−|z|m>∞}→L2(e−|z|m)H_{\overline {z}^k}: \mathcal {F}^m:=\{f : f \mbox { is entire and} \int _{\mathbb {C}^n}|f(z)|^2e^{-|z|^m}>\infty \}\rightarrow L^2(e^{-|z|^m}). Herek,m,n∈Nk,m,n \in \mathbb {N}. We show that in the case of one complex dimension the Hankel operators are compact but not Hilbert-Schmidt ifm>2km>2k.
Koszul homology and extremal properties of Gin and Lex
Authors: Conca Aldo 
Published: April 2004

For every homogeneous ideal

I
I

in a polynomial ring

R
R

and for every

p
≤
dim
⁡
R

p\leq \dim R

we consider the Koszul homology

H
i

(
p
,
R

/

I
)

H_i(p,R/I)

with respect to a sequence of

p
p

of generic linear forms. The Koszul-Betti number

β

i
j
p

(
R

/

I
)

\beta _{ijp}(R/I)

is, by definition, the dimension of the degree

j
j

part of

H
i

(
p
,
R

/

I
)

H_i(p,R/I)

. In characteristic

0
0

, we show that the Koszul-Betti numbers of any ideal

I
I

are bounded above by those of the gin-revlex

G
i
n

(
I
)

\mathrm {Gin}(I)

of

I
I

and also by those of the Lex-segment

L
e
x

(
I
)

\mathrm {Lex}(I)

of

I
I

. We show that

β

i
j
p

(
R

/

I
)
=

β

i
j
p

(
R

/

G
i
n

(
I
)
)

\beta _{ijp}(R/I)=\beta _{ijp}(R/\mathrm {Gin}(I))

iff

I
I

is componentwise linear and that and

β

i
j
p

(
R

/

I
)
=

β

i
j
p

(
R

/

L
e
x

(
I
)
)

\beta _{ijp}(R/I)=\beta _{ijp}(R/\mathrm {Lex}(I))

iff

I
I

is Gotzmann. We also investigate the set

G
i
n
s

(
I
)

\mathrm {Gins}(I)

of all the gin of

I
I

and show that the Koszul-Betti numbers of any ideal in

G
i
n
s

(
I
)

\mathrm {Gins}(I)

are bounded below by those of the gin-revlex of

I
I

. On the other hand, we present examples showing that in general there is no

J
J

is

G
i
n
s

(
I
)

\mathrm {Gins}(I)

such that the Koszul-Betti numbers of any ideal in

G
i
n
s

(
I
)

\mathrm {Gins}(I)

are bounded above by those of

J
J

.
Scalloping of Duodenal Mucosa in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Culliford Andrea , Markowitz David , Rotterdam Heidrun , Green Peter H. R. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Scalloping of the duodenal mucosal folds is an endoscopic finding of small bowel mucosal pathology that is generally due to villous atrophy. Though it can be seen in many disease processes, it is most commonly associated with celiac disease. We report three patients with scalloping of duodenal folds and histologic confirmation of villous atrophy due to Crohn's disease. All patients had negative celiac serologies and two had positive markers for Crohn's disease (anti–Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies). Patients had either ileitis or ileocolitis in addition to duodenal abnormalities. These cases illustrate that scalloping can occur in the duodenum in Crohn's disease.
A systematic review of COX‐2 inhibitors compared with traditional NSAIDs, or different COX‐2 inhibitors for post‐operative pain
Authors: Rømsing J. , Møiniche S. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  We have reviewed the analgesic efficacy of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors compared with traditional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), different COX‐2 inhibitors, and placebo in post‐operative pain.Methods:  Randomized controlled trials were evaluated. Outcome measures were pain scores and demand for supplementary analgesia 0–24 h after surgery.Results:  Thirty‐three studies were included in which four COX‐2 inhibitors, rofecoxib 50 mg, celecoxib 200 and 400 mg, parecoxib 20, 40 and 80 mg, and valdecoxib 10, 20, 40, 80 mg were evaluated. Ten of these studies included 18 comparisons of rofecoxib, celecoxib, or parecoxib with NSAIDs. Rofecoxib 50 mg and parecoxib 40 mg provided analgesic efficacy comparable to that of the NSAIDs in the comparisons, and with a longer duration of action after dental surgery but possibly not after major procedures. Celecoxib 200 mg and parecoxib 20 mg provided less effective pain relief. Four studies included five comparisons of rofecoxib 50 mg with celecoxib 200 and 400 mg. Rofecoxib 50 mg provided superior analgesic effect compared with celecoxib 200 mg. Data on celecoxib 400 mg were too sparse for firm conclusions. Thirty‐three studies included 62 comparisons of the four COX‐2 inhibitors with placebo and the COX‐2 inhibitors significantly decreased post‐operative pain.Conclusion:  Rofecoxib 50 mg and parecoxib 40 mg have an equipotent analgesic efficacy relative to traditional NSAIDs in post‐operative pain after minor and major surgical procedures, and after dental surgery these COX‐2 inhibitors have a longer duration of action. Besides, rofecoxib 50 mg provides superior analgesic effect compared with celecoxib 200 mg.
Safety aspects for public access defibrillation using automated external defibrillators near high‐voltage power lines
Authors: Schlimp C. J. , Breiteneder M. , Lederer W. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) must combine easy operability and high‐quality diagnosis even under unfavorable conditions. This study determined the influence of electromagnetic interference caused by high‐voltage power lines with 16.7‐Hz alternating current on the quality of AEDs' rhythm analysis.Methods:  Two AEDs frequently used in Austria were tested near high‐voltage power lines (15 kV or 110 kV, alternating current with 16.7 Hz). The defibrillation electrodes were attached either to a proband with true sinus rhythm or to a resuscitation dummy with generated sinus rhythm, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia or asystole.Results:  Electromagnetic interference was much more prominent in a human's than in a dummy's electrocardiogram and depended on the position of the electrodes and cables in relation to the power line. Near high‐voltage power lines the AEDs showed a significant operational fault. One AED interpreted the interference as a motion artifact, even when underlying rhythms were clearly detectable. The other AED interpreted 16.7‐Hz oscillation as ventricular fibrillation with consequent shock advice when no underlying rhythm was detected.Conclusion:  The tested AEDs neither filter nor recognize a technical interference of 16.7 Hz caused by 15‐kV power lines above railway tracks or 110‐kV overland power lines, as run by railway companies in Austria, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. These failures in AEDs' algorithms for rhythm analysis may cause substantial harm to patients undergoing public access defibrillation. The proper function of AEDs needs to be reconsidered to guarantee patients' safety near high‐voltage power lines.
The comparative hemodynamic effects of intravenous IQB‐9302 and bupivacaine in anesthetized rats
Authors: Gallego‐Sandin S. , Novalbos J. , Santos‐Ampuero M. A. , Galvez‐Mugica M. A. , Garcia A. G. , Abad‐Santos F. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  The new local anesthetic IQB‐9302 is an amide derivative bearing a cyclopropyl group, with remarkable long duration of action and relative low toxicity. In trying to characterize further its safety profile, the current study compared the hemodynamic effects of different concentrations of bupivacaine and IQB‐9302 with saline.Methods:  Two groups of eight anesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats were given 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg of intravenous (i.v.) IQB‐9302 or bupivacaine at 20‐min intervals; control animals received saline only. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during the following 20 min.Results:  Both bupivacaine and IQB‐9302 reduced heart rate: for bupivacaine, −73.8 beats per min (bpm) (SD: 103.8) and −132.5 bpm (SD: 140.7) at 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively; for IQB‐9302, the reduction amounted to −40.8 bpm (SD: 14.2) and −113.5 bpm (SD: 94.2) at 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively (baseline range, 318.7–438.2 bpm). The two drugs also produced a comparable increase in the mean arterial blood pressure; bupivacaine increased it by 8.7 mmHg (SD: 6.6) and 12.6 mmHg (SD: 15.4) at 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, and IQB‐9302, 18.7 mmHg (SD: 21.1) and 20.7 mmHg (SD: 20.5) at 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively (baseline range, 47.4–134.1 mmHg). All rats treated with 10 mg/kg of either drug died after a drop in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure.Conclusion:  IQB‐9302 had hemodynamic effects similar to those of bupivacaine in anesthetized rats. The clinical relevance of these effects warrants further investigation.
A comparison of Guatemalan and USA nurses’ attitudes towards nursing
Authors: Coverston C. R. , Harmon K. R. , Keller E. R. , Malner A. A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground:  Student nurses from the United States of America (USA) spent 5 weeks working with Guatemalan nurses in an acute care setting in Guatemala. This experience led to a heightened awareness of the global scope of nurses’ discontent and a desire to better understand the driving factors and drawbacks to practising nursing in both the USA and Guatemala.Aim:  The purpose of this research was to identify those factors that discourage nurses and those that motivate nurses to continue in their practice despite the drawbacks.Method:  Qualitative interviews using field notes were conducted with five Guatemalan and five USA nurses. Themes were derived through qualitative content analysis.Findings:  Nurses in both the USA and Guatemala had similar reasons for choosing and staying in nursing. The different health care systems presented different problems resulting in different discontents.Conclusion:  The two groups of nurses had much in common, especially in their reasons for staying in nursing. The Guatemalan nurses were most discontent with the lack of resources to treat patients, while the USA nurses focused on work environment drawbacks.Implications for practice:  Strategies to support nurses and nursing in developing countries need to be developed and implemented. As nurses reach out to their colleagues in other nations, understanding our commonalities and differences will help us to support each other in improving health throughout the world.
Internationalization of higher education: potentials and pitfalls for nursing education
Authors: Allen M. , Ogilvie L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground:  Internationalization, an integral part of strategic planning initiatives in universities around the world, is occurring within the context of globalization. As we move toward greater internationalization in nursing education, we must understand the ideologies that currently underpin globalization and their fit with the vision and mission of nursing.Aim:  To outline the current debates surrounding internationalization and globalization and their potential consequences for universities.Methods:  The historical and current interest in internationalization and globalization are reviewed briefly in order to set the context for this discussion.Conclusions:  What emerges from an analysis of current internationalization directions is the complexity of the relationship between internationalization and the conflicting ideologies underpinning globalization. Nursing can play a key role within universities to ensure that varying viewpoints are debated and the implications of varying internationalization decisions are understood.