bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence in Colonoscopic Polyp Detection and Characterization: Merging Computer Technology and Endoscopic Skill for Better Patient Care
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C. , Chakrabarti Saikat , Goenka Mahesh K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a computer technology for mathematical modeling that uses nonlinear statistical analysis. While multilayer perceptron network is used for prediction of clinical outcome, convolutional neural network is used for detection of lesion in an image and its classification. In this issue of the journal, an article reviewed the impact of AI in colorectal polyp detection and characterization. This is an upcoming area of gastroenterology, which has already reached the doorstep of practicing clinicians and in the near future, it may bring a paradigm shift in clinical practice. It is expected that this thought-provoking review will stimulate endoscopists to take up research in this important field of application of an AI-based computer technology for endoscopic detection of gastrointestinal lesions.
The Impact of Long-Term Finance on Job Quality, Investments and Firm Performance: Cross-Country Evidence
Authors: Sommer Christoph 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite its importance for development, long-term finance is particularly scarce in countries with lower income levels. This not only results in unrealized growth and employment creation, but may also undermine a broader shift towards better jobs. After all, many long-term investments comprise investments in labor that have the potential to contribute to improvements in job quality. This paper uses more than 17,000 firm-level observations from 73 mostly low- and middle-income countries to provide first empirical evidence of the extent to which LTF affects the quality of jobs. Additionally, it looks into effects on investments and firm performance. The findings, based on inverse probability weighted regression adjustment, indicate that long-term finance increases the likelihood of formal training by 4.4 to 4.8 percentage points, raises average wage by 4.1 percentage points and the share of permanent employees by 1.3 percentage points. Effects are also significant for investments in fixed assets and process innovation as well as for employment and sales growth. The fact that the positive effects on job quality increase with loan maturities underlines the importance of longer-term finance for better jobs. Despite several robustness checks, it cannot be ruled out completely that unobservable variables affect the estimation of effect sizes.
On renormalization and the local gap method for proving frustration-free local spin chains are gapped
Authors: Mizel Ari , Molino Van 
Published: December 2023

Key properties of a physical system depend on whether it is gapped, i.e., whether its spectral gap has a positive lower bound that is independent of system size. Here, we provide a prescription for renormalizing a spin chain Hamiltonian in such a way that the renormalized Hamiltonian is gapped if and only if the original Hamiltonian is gapped. Then, we articulate a set of conditions that guarantees the renormalized Hamiltonian is gapped. These conditions are built on a certain strong notion of decaying correlations involving an operator norm of non-commuting terms in the renormalized Hamiltonian. We apply the method to show that two interesting models, with forms motivated by quantum circuits, are gapped. We also confirm the generality of the method by successfully applying it to a somewhat different case, the well-known Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) model.
Two-color polarization spectroscopy measurements of Zeeman state-to-state collision induced transitions of nitric oxide in binary gas mixtures
Authors: Chang Ziqiao , Satija Aman , Lucht Robert P. 
Published: December 2023

We investigated collision induced transitions in the (0, 0) band of the A2Σ+–X2Π electronic transition of nitric oxide (NO) using two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS). Two sets of TCPS spectra for 1% NO, diluted in different buffer gases at 295 K and 1 atm, were obtained with the pump beam tuned to the R11(11.5) and OP12(1.5) transitions. The buffer gases were He, Ar, and N2. The probe was scanned while the pump beam was tuned to the line center. Theoretical TCPS spectra, calculated by solving the density matrix formulation of the time-dependent Schrödinger wave equation, were compared with the experimental spectra. A collision model based on the modified exponential-gap law was used to model the rotational level-to-rotational level collision dynamics. A model for collisional transfer from an initial to a final Zeeman state was developed based on the difference in cosine of the rotational quantum number J projection angle with the z-axis for the two Zeeman states. Rotational energy transfer rates and Zeeman state collisional dynamics were varied to obtain good agreement between theory and experiment for the two different TCPS pump transitions and for the three different buffer gases. One key finding, in agreement with quasi-classical trajectory calculations, is that the spin-rotation changing transition rate in the A2Σ+ level of NO is almost zero for rotational quantum numbers ≥8. It was necessary to set this rate to near zero to obtain agreement with the TCPS spectra.
Utilizing the L-curve criterion for the inverse magnetostatic problem of Hall drift current estimation
Authors: Ren Ziying , Zhou Liwei , Wei Liqiu , Hu Yanlin , Han Liang , Li Hong , Ding Yongjie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aiming at achieving the in-orbit diagnostic of Hall drift current, this study focuses on estimation through the indirect measurement methodology using a magnetic sensor array. It elaborates on the application of a pseudo-seminorm defined for the Hall drift current solution to address the inverse magnetostatic problems, which are formulated with a two-dimensional Tikhonov regularization constraint, and thereby offering a systematic approach to select regularization parameters. Our investigation discusses factors influencing the formation of the L-curve and the accuracy of the resultant solution obtained via the L-curve criterion. The results reveal that the formation of the defined pseudo-seminorm of the Hall drift current solution in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system is independent of the number of calibrating current elements or the number of magnetic sensors. This effectively resolves the issue of failing to generate an L-curve during regularization parameter selection. Furthermore, the study indicates that expanding the number of calibrating current elements—essentially increasing the unknown variables in the inverse magnetostatic equations—contributes to a significant enhancement in the accuracy of Hall drift current solutions. It also has extensibility to be applied to other areas where the contactless current measuring is required.
Construction of a digital twin model for vertical storage tank deformation assessment using terrestrial laser scanning technology
Authors: Wu Yujian , Yang Gang , Sun Jiangang , Cui Lifu , Wang Mengzhu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The foundational settlement and deformation of vertical storage tanks are crucial factors influencing their safe operation. To enable rapid deformation assessment of storage tanks, this paper combines point cloud data acquired through terrestrial laser scanning with relevant data processing algorithms to construct a digital twin (DT) model. This achieves high-precision automated detection of tank deformation, facilitating the digital transformation of deformation assessment and offering an integrated detection strategy. First, Euclidean distance clustering is applied to the point cloud, and the point density within clusters is statistically analyzed using a Gaussian distribution. This results in a collection of point clusters within one standard deviation, effectively filtering out outliers and noise points, which facilitates the rapid global registration of the point cloud. Second, in order to quickly segment tank point clouds in the scene, back propagation neural network classification learning based on principal component analysis information is used. The point cloud model is combined with the fitting information of slices to generate a DT model, whose deformation can be evaluated through comparison with appropriate storage tank specifications, taking radial deformation, tank inclination, and foundation settlement as indicators.
Self-powered semitransparent WS2/LaVO3 vertical-heterostructure photodetectors by employing interfacial hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Kim Da Hee , Shin Dong Hee , Lee Hosun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor and LaVO3 materials with high absorption coefficients in the visible light region are attractive structures for high-performance photodetector (PD) applications. Insulating 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with a large band gap and excellent transmittance is a very attractive material as an interface between 2D/semiconductor heterostructures. We first introduce WS2/h-BN/LaVO3 semitransparent PD. The photo-current/dark current ratio of the device exhibits a delta-function characteristic of 4 × 105 at 0 V, meaning ‘self-powered’. The WS2/h-BN/LaVO3 PD shows up to 0.27 A W−1 responsivity (R) and 4.6 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 detectivity (D*) at 730 nm. Especially, it was confirmed that the D* performance improved by about 5 times compared to the WS2/LaVO3 device at zero bias. Additionally, it is suggested that the PD maintains 87% of its initial R for 2000 h under the atmosphere with a temperature of 25 °C and humidity of 30%. Based on the above results, we suggest that the WS2/h-BN/LaVO3 heterojunction is promising as a self-powered optoelectronic device.
Estimating forest extent across Mexico
Authors: Braden Dustin , Mondal Pinki , Park Taejin , Alanís de la Rosa José Armando , Aldrete Leal Metzli Ileana , Cuenca Lara Rubi Angélica , Mayorga Saucedo Rafael , Paz Fernando , Salas-Aguilar Victor Manuel , Soriano-Luna María de Los Ángeles , Vargas Rodrigo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Information on forest extent and tree cover is required to evaluate the status of natural resources, conservation practices, and environmental policies. The challenge is that different forest definitions, remote sensing-based (RSB) products, and data availability can lead to discrepancies in reporting total forest area. Consequently, errors in forest extent can be propagated into forest biomass and carbon estimates. Here, we present a simple approach to compare forest extent estimates from seven regional and global land or tree cover RSB products at 30 m resolution across Mexico. We found substantial differences in forest extent estimates for Mexico, ranging from 387 607 km2 to 675 239 km2. These differences were dependent on the RSB product and forest definition used. Next, we compared these RSB products with two independent forest inventory datasets at national (n = 26 220 plots) and local scales (n = 754 plots). The greatest accuracy among RSB products and forest inventory data was within the tropical moist forest (range 82%–95%), and the smallest was within the subtropical desert (range <10%–80%) and subtropical steppe ecological zones (range <10%–60%). We developed a forest extent agreement map by combining seven RSB products and identifying a consensus in their estimates. We found a forest area of 288 749 km2 with high forest extent agreement, and 340 661 km2 with medium forest extent agreement. The high-to-medium forest extent agreement of 629 410 km2 is comparable to the official national estimate of 656 920 km2. We found a high forest extent agreement across the Yucatan Peninsula and mountain areas in the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental. The tropical dry forest and subtropical mountain system represent the two ecological zones with the highest areas of disagreement among RSB products. These findings show discrepancies in forest extent estimates across ecological zones in Mexico, where additional ground data and research are needed. Dataset available at https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2320.
Plasma current tomography for HL-2A based on Bayesian inference
Authors: LIU 刘 Zijie 自结 , WANG 王 Tianbo 天博 , WU 吴 Muquan 木泉 , LUO 罗 Zhengping 正平 , WANG 王 Shuo 硕 , SUN 孙 Tengfei 腾飞 , XIAO 肖 Bingjia 炳甲 , LI 李 Jiangang 建刚 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An accurate plasma current profile has irreplaceable value for the steady-state operation of the plasma. In this study, plasma current tomography based on Bayesian inference is applied to an HL-2A device and used to reconstruct the plasma current profile. Two different Bayesian probability priors are tried, namely the Conditional AutoRegressive (CAR) prior and the Advanced Squared Exponential (ASE) kernel prior. Compared to the CAR prior, the ASE kernel prior adopts non-stationary hyperparameters and introduces the current profile of the reference discharge into the hyperparameters, which can make the shape of the current profile more flexible in space. The results indicate that the ASE prior couples more information, reduces the probability of unreasonable solutions, and achieves higher reconstruction accuracy.
SpliceWiz: interactive analysis and visualization of alternative splicing in R
Authors: Wong Alex C H , Wong Justin J-L , Rasko John E J , Schmitz Ulf 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a crucial mechanism for regulating gene expression and isoform diversity in eukaryotes. However, the analysis and visualization of AS events from RNA sequencing data remains challenging. Most tools require a certain level of computer literacy and the available means of visualizing AS events, such as coverage and sashimi plots, have limitations and can be misleading. To address these issues, we present SpliceWiz, an R package with an interactive Shiny interface that allows easy and efficient AS analysis and visualization at scale. A novel normalization algorithm is implemented to aggregate splicing levels within sample groups, thereby allowing group differences in splicing levels to be accurately visualized. The tool also offers downstream gene ontology enrichment analysis, highlighting ASEs belonging to functional pathways of interest. SpliceWiz is optimized for speed and efficiency and introduces a new file format for coverage data storage that is more efficient than BigWig. Alignment files are processed orders of magnitude faster than other R-based AS analysis tools and on par with command-line tools. Overall, SpliceWiz streamlines AS analysis, enabling reliable identification of functionally relevant AS events for further characterization. SpliceWiz is a Bioconductor package and is also available on GitHub (https://github.com/alexchwong/SpliceWiz).
Wind power potential over northern South America using ERA5-Land global reanalysis
Authors: Arregocés Heli A , Bonivento Guillermo J , Rojano Roberto 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The northernmost region of South America has great potential for wind energy production and is a strategic area for the energy transition. We analysed data from ERA5-Land global reanalysis from 1980 to 2020 to determine the wind power potential in this area. Our aim was to identify areas with a high potential for wind energy that could be used to supply energy in case of drought in the region or increases in fuel prices. We compared data from 19 meteorological stations located in Colombia with ERA5-Land reanalysis data to generate reliable information for the feasibility and operation of wind farms. According to our analysis, the Colombian Caribbean and Coastal Plain have monthly average wind speeds at 90 m ranging from 4.85 to 10.34 m/s and 3.79 to 6.62 m/s, respectively. Based on wind power density calculations, these regions have the highest wind power density in our study, with a monthly average of between 250 and 399 W/m2. The Caribbean Region had a 69% increase in wind power density from January to July compared with the annual average. The wind power density in the plains increased from January to March, while the Mountain Region had higher anomalies from May to October. The Alta Guajira and Paraguaná Peninsula have great potential to generate wind energy due to their privileged geographical location. Although ERA5 offers valuable information about wind availability in time and space, it cannot represent the influence of local effects on wind patterns for the Mountain Region.
Life satisfaction and L2 engagement in adolescents
Authors: Li Chengchen , Wei Li , Cai Jinting 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study examined how L2 engagement is associated with students’ general life satisfaction, a core element of well-being. A total of 1,109 seventh-grade EFL learners from a rural secondary school in China completed a measure of life satisfaction (family satisfaction, environment satisfaction, academic satisfaction, school satisfaction, freedom satisfaction, and friendship satisfaction) and a measure of foreign language engagement (cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, behavioural engagement, and social engagement). Path analysis shows that life satisfaction generally predicted L2 engagement positively. Variations were found in the associations between six life satisfaction dimensions and four L2 engagement dimensions. A positive psychology lens is adopted to interpret the findings and make concrete suggestions about how to enhance learner engagement. The findings imply that a proactive preventative stance on bolstering engagement could be encouraged such as fostering learners’ positive perceptions and beliefs of self, family, school, environment, study, and friends.
Conventional biventricular pacing is still preferred to conduction system pacing for atrioventricular block in patients with reduced ejection fraction and narrow QRS
Authors: Glikson Michael , Jastrzebski Marek , Gold Michael R , Ellenbogen Kenneth , Burri Haran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is well established that right ventricular pacing is detrimental in patients with reduced cardiac function who require ventricular pacing (VP), and alternatives nowadays are comprised of biventricular pacing (BiVP) and conduction system pacing (CSP). The latter modality is of particular interest in patients with a narrow baseline QRS as it completely avoids, or minimizes, ventricular desynchronization associated with VP. In this article, experts debate whether BiVP or CSP should be used to treat these patients.
Polygenic response of sex chromosomes to sexual antagonism
Authors: Muralidhar Pavitra , Coop Graham 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sexual antagonism occurs when males and females differ in their phenotypic fitness optima but are constrained in their evolution to these optima because of their shared genome. The sex chromosomes, which have distinct evolutionary “interests” relative to the autosomes, are theorized to play an important role in sexually antagonistic conflict. However, the evolutionary responses of sex chromosomes and autosomes have usually been considered independently, that is, via contrasting the response of a gene located on either an X chromosome or an autosome. Here, we study the coevolutionary response of the X chromosome and autosomes to sexually antagonistic selection acting on a polygenic phenotype. We model a phenotype initially under stabilizing selection around a single optimum, followed by a sudden divergence of the male and female optima. We find that, in the absence of dosage compensation, the X chromosome promotes evolution toward the female optimum, inducing coevolutionary male-biased responses on the autosomes. Dosage compensation obscures the female-biased interests of the X, causing it to contribute equally to male and female phenotypic change. We further demonstrate that fluctuations in an adaptive landscape can generate prolonged intragenomic conflict and accentuate the differential responses of the X and autosomes to this conflict.
Prompt GRB polarization from non-axisymmetric jets
Authors: Gill Ramandeep , Granot Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Time-resolved linear polarization (Π) measurements of the prompt gamma-ray burst emission can reveal its dominant radiation mechanism. A widely considered mechanism is synchrotron radiation, for which linear polarization can be used to probe the jet’s magnetic-field structure, and in turn its composition. In axisymmetric jet models, the polarization angle (PA) can only change by 90°, as Π temporarily vanishes. However, some time-resolved measurements find a continuously changing PA, which requires the flow to be non-axisymmetric in at least one out of its emissivity, bulk Lorentz factor, or magnetic field. Here, we consider synchrotron emission in non-axisymmetric jets, from an ultrarelativistic thin shell, comprising multiple radially expanding mini-jets (MJs) or emissivity patches within the global jet, that yield a continuously changing PA. We explore a wide variety of possibilities with emission consisting of a single pulse or multiple overlapping pulses, presenting time-resolved and integrated polarization from different magnetic field configurations and jet angular structures. We find that emission from multiple incoherent MJs/patches reduces the net polarization due to partial cancellation in the Stokes plane. When these contain a large-scale ordered field in the plane transverse to the radial direction, Π always starts near maximal and then declines over the single pulse or shows multiple highly polarized peaks due to multiple pulses. Observing $\Pi \lesssim 40~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (15 per cent) integrated over one (several) pulse(s) will instead favour a shock-produced small-scale field either ordered in the radial direction or tangled in the plane transverse to it.
Lethal perturbation of an Escherichia coli regulatory network is triggered by a restriction-modification system's regulator and can be mitigated by excision of the cryptic prophage Rac
Authors: Gucwa Katarzyna , Wons Ewa , Wisniewska Aleksandra , Jakalski Marcin , Dubiak Zuzanna , Kozlowski Lukasz Pawel , Mruk Iwona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bacterial gene regulatory networks orchestrate responses to environmental challenges. Horizontal gene transfer can bring in genes with regulatory potential, such as new transcription factors (TFs), and this can disrupt existing networks. Serious regulatory perturbations may even result in cell death. Here, we show the impact on Escherichia coli of importing a promiscuous TF that has adventitious transcriptional effects within the cryptic Rac prophage. A cascade of regulatory network perturbations occurred on a global level. The TF, a C regulatory protein, normally controls a Type II restriction-modification system, but in E. coli K-12 interferes with expression of the RacR repressor gene, resulting in de-repression of the normally-silent Rac ydaT gene. YdaT is a prophage-encoded TF with pleiotropic effects on E. coli physiology. In turn, YdaT alters expression of a variety of bacterial regulons normally controlled by the RcsA TF, resulting in deficient lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and cell division. At the same time, insufficient RacR repressor results in Rac DNA excision, halting Rac gene expression due to loss of the replication-defective Rac prophage. Overall, Rac induction appears to counteract the lethal toxicity of YdaT. We show here that E. coli rewires its regulatory network, so as to minimize the adverse regulatory effects of the imported C TF. This complex set of interactions may reflect the ability of bacteria to protect themselves by having robust mechanisms to maintain their regulatory networks, and/or suggest that regulatory C proteins from mobile operons are under selection to manipulate their host's regulatory networks for their own benefit.