bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVARIANTS OF ELLIPTIC AND HYPERBOLIC CR-STRUCTURES OF CODIMENSION 2
Authors: EZHOV V. V. , ISAEV A. V. , SCHMALZ G. 
Published: September 2002

We reduce CR-structures on smooth elliptic and hyperbolic manifolds of CR-codimension 2 to parallelisms thus solving the problem of global equivalence for such manifolds. The parallelism that we construct is defined on a sequence of two principal bundles over the manifold, takes values in the Lie algebra of infinitesimal automorphisms of the quadric corresponding to the Levi form of the manifold, and behaves "almost" like a Cartan connection. The construction is explicit and allows us to study the properties of the parallelism as well as those of its curvature form. It also leads to a natural class of "semi-flat" manifolds for which the two bundles reduce to a single one and the parallelism turns into a true Cartan connection. In addition, for real-analytic manifolds we describe certain local normal forms that do not require passing to bundles, but in many ways agree with the structure of the parallelism.
Minireview: Insights from Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein Transgenic Mice
Authors: Silha Josef V. , Murphy Liam J. 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The existence of abundant high affinity binding proteins for the IGFs, the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), was first demonstrated more than 40 yr ago in the very early days of somatomedin research. With the development of molecular techniques and transgenic and knockout mouse models, the nature, complexity, and redundancy of the IGFBPs have now started to be elucidated. Indeed the functional role of the circulating IGFs and the originally proposed endocrine somatomedin hypothesis have recently been questioned. The limited reports to date indicate that IGFBP knockout mice have few phenotypic manifestations. In contrast, overexpression of IGFBPs in transgenic mice is associated with manifestations that provide some insight into the physiological role of the binding proteins. The predominant effect of generalized or tissue-specific overexpression of the IGFBPs has been growth inhibition as would be anticipated from inhibition of the actions of IGF-I and -II. In addition, impaired glucose homeostasis and reduced fecundity have been observed in both IGFBP-1- and IGFBP-3-overexpressing transgenic mice. This review examines the data reported to date for transgenic mouse models that overexpress IGFBPs. In addition, data from transgenic mice that overexpress the acid-labile subunit, an important component of the ternary complex, have also been reviewed.
Lichen Succession on Wilkiea Macrophylla Leaves
Authors: Rogers R. W. , Barnes A. , Conran J. G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractChanges in foliicolous lichen populations of the shrub Wilkiea macrophylla in rainforest at Mt Glorious (south-east Queensland) were observed in the field for 3 years. Leaves successively distal from the twig apices were treated as a chronosequence for lichen successional studies. Five species of lichen each colonized more than 50° 0 of the leaves, and leaves successively distal from the apex showed increasing mean species number. Lichen cover rose until the seventh most distal leaf from the first colonized leaf along a twig, reaching 52%. More distal (older) leaves had apparently lower cover. Different lichen species show different instantaneous colonization rates that vary with time. The sequence of lichen colonization and subsequent community composition is best described by a ‘Tolerance’ model of succession if a single leaf is selected as the unit or with a ‘Chronic Disturbance’ model if a leaf population is considered.
The Genus Sarcogyne (Acarosporaceae) in Antarctica
Authors: Seppelt R. D. , Nimis P. L. , Castello M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSarcogyne angulosa C. W. Dodge & G. E. Baker, described as an endemic from continental Antarctic localities, is reduced to synonymy with S. privigna (Ach.) A. Massal., a species known from Europe, North America, North Africa and Saudi Arabia, and now Antarctica. The relationship to Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vězda is discussed. It is suggested that the name Sarcogyne grisea Dodge, also described as an Antarctic endemic, should be abandoned. Sarcogyne medusula Dodge is transferred to Lecidea [Lecidea medusula (C. W. Dodge) Hertel comb, nov.], a Maritime- and Subantarctic species.
A Molecular Approach to the Circumscription and Evaluation of Some Genera Segregated from Parmelia S. Lat
Authors: Crespo Ana , Cubero Oscar F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNew sequences have been produced of the ITS rDNA region of twenty-nine species of Parmeliaceae and analysed by neighbour-joining maximum likelihood distance analysis, and maximum parsimony analysis. Twelve monophyletic groups have been identified, most of which correspond to proposed generic segregated from Parmelia s. lat. Parmelia and Parmelina, Melanelia, and Punctelia appear as independent monophyletic groups; the type species of the two latter genera were, however, not included in the analysis. The parsimony analysis does not support Xanthoparmelia as a monophyletic group separate from Neofuscelia, and Rimelia reticulate is nested within Parmotrema. Parmelinopsis horrescens is more closely related to Hypotrachyna revolute than to Parmelina. Genetic distance values suggest that Flavoparmelia caperata is closer to Parmotrema than to other taxa included, and that Platismatia glauca and Hypogymnia tubulosa are closer to Parmelia s. lat. than to the Physciaceae. However, there is no conclusive support for any of thelatter groupings in the parsimony analysis. We conclude that the ITS region contains valuable information for studying generic delimitations within the family Parmeliaceae, but our study suggests that this region will not conclusively resolve within-family relationships in this group.
Molecular Phylogeny of the Lichen Families Cladoniaceae, Sphaerophoraceae, and Stereocaulaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycotina)
Authors: Wedin Mats , DÖring Heidi , Ekman Stefan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMaximum parsimony analysis of nuclear SSU rDNA sequences was utilized to infer the phylogenetic relationships of representatives of the macrolichen families Cladoniaceae, Sphaerophoraceae, and Stereocaulaceae (Lecanorales subord. Cladoniineae, Ascomycotina). Farris’ parsimony jackknifing, and a similar jackknife strategy with branch-swapping and multiple addition sequences in PAUP*, were performed to assess branch support. The results indicate that the Sphaerophoraceae should be emended to include Neophyllis (formerly Cladoniaceae or Stereocaulaceae) and Austropeltum (formerly Stereocaulaceae), and it is suggested that the type of boundary tissue present is a synapomorphy for the family. The families Sphaerophoraceae and Bacidiaceae form a clade, together with Psora decipiens, Tephromela atra and Scoliciosporum umbrinum. The Cladoniaceae should be emended to include Pilophorus, and the genera Metus, Cladia and Heterodea should also be included in the family. The sometimes-recognized families Cladiaceae and Heterodeaceae are shown to be derived from within Cladoniaceae. The Stereocaulaceae is recircumscribed to accommodate Stereocaulon only. Neither the possession of podetia/ pseudopodetia, a dimorphic, cladoniiform thallus, nor the presence of cephalodia, is a morphological synapomorphy for a monophyletic group in our analysis. Optimising ascus structures onto one of the most parsimonious trees suggest that tube-like apical structures may well be primitive characteristics within the Lecanorales. The two lecanoralean suborders Lecanorineae and Cladonineae are both paraphyletic groups in the present analysis. It is pointed out that if further studies confirm that Stereocaulon is the sister-group to the Cladoniaceae, as circumscribed here, then there may be no reason to accept the two families Cladoniaceae and Stereocaulaceae as distinct. Branch-swapping and several random-addition sequencesimprove resolution, adding several supported groups in the topology, and improve support values for groups already supported by parsimony jackkniring analyses, and we suggest a procedure for implementing this by using PAUP*
Effects of Wave Exposure and Aspect on Hong Kong Supralittoral Lichens
Authors: Chu F. Joanna , Seaward Mark R. D. , John Hodgkiss I. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effects of wave exposure and aspect on the zonation of supralittoral lichens were studied at 14 sites in Hong Kong. In general, increasing wave exposure raised the supralittoral zones and extended their vertical widths. A higher lichen cover in the lower zones (Zones 1 and 2)l was found with greater wave exposures, but the opposite was true for upper zones (Zones 3 and 4). Lichen diversity was greater with increased wave exposure in three out of the four zones (Zones 2–4). The effects of aspect are mainly due to the prevailing winds, which resulted in south- and east-facing shores supporting a higher cover and diversity of lichens. The distribution patterns of lichens on this subtropical seashore differed from previous studies in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.
A Synopsis of the Genera Skyttea, Llimoniella and Rhymbocarpus (Lichenicolous Ascomycota, Leotiales)
Authors: Diederich Paul , Etayo Javier 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe genus Skyttea is characterized by urceolate ascomata, with a narrow pore when young, a greenish or brownish, rarely reddish exciple of conglutinate hyphae with subglobose to ± cylindrical lumina, bordered near the margin by hyaline to greenish or brownish, usually smooth, straight hairs, the absence of periphyses, rarely branched and apically hardly thickened paraphyses, asci and a hymenium that are entirely I — and KI —, a thin lateral and a very thick apical ascus wall with a small ocular chamber, and normally aseptate ascospores. It is considered to belong to the Leotiales and not to the Ostropales. It comprises at least 17 species, including S. caesii sp. nov., S. carboneae sp. nov., S. lecanorae sp. nov., S. mayrhoferi sp. nov., S. pyrenulae sp. nov., S. radiatilis comb, nov., S. tavaresae. sp. nov. and S. thelotrematis sp. nov. Rhymbocarpus is shown to be a distinct leotialean genus, distinguished from Llimoniella by a different excipular structure, different pigments and the presence of excipular hairs, which, in some species, are embedded in the excipular gel and thus not visible macroscopically. In addition to the type species, R. geographici, of which a neotype is designated, it includes R. boomii sp. nov.,R. cruciatus comb, nov., R. fuscoatrae comb, nov.,R. makarovae sp. nov.,R. neglectus comb, nov., R. pertusariae sp. nov.,R. pubescens comb. nov. and R. stereocaulorum comb. nov. Llimoniella s. str. comprises at least 6 species, including the type, L. scabridula, L. adnata, L. pertusariae sp. nov., L. pyrenulae sp. nov., L. ramalinae comb. nov. and L. vinosa comb. nov. Several species formerly assigned to Skyttea or Llimoniella are now included in the leotialean genus Unguiculariopsis, and the following new combinations are proposed: Unguiculariopsis acrocordiae comb, nov., U. groenlandiae comb. nov. and U. lesdainii comb. nov. A lectotype is chosen for Lichen stictoceros, which is shown to be a synonym of Evemia prunastri. Keys are given for the species of Skyttea, Llimoniella and Rhymbocarpus, and for the lichenicolous genera of Leotiales and Ostropales.
Macrolichens of Montane Rain Forests in Panama, Province Chiriquí
Authors: Büdel Burkhard , Meyer Angelika , Salazar Noris , Zellner Hans , Zotz Gerhard , Lange Otto L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSixty-eight lichen species were found in the lower montane rain forest of Fortuna(1000-1200 m) in the province of Chiriquí, Panama; 33 of these were cyanobacterial lichens. The montane rain forest of the Volcan Bartú (2200-3100 m) yielded 30 species of lichens, 13 of which have cyanobacterial photobionts. Forty of the species reported are new records for Panama. Information concerning their habitats within the forest and their phytogeographical affinities is provided where possible.
Notes on Calicioid Lichens and Fungi from the Gongga Mountains (Sichuan, China)
Authors: Titov Alexander 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThirty-seven species of calicioid lichens and fungi are reported from the Gongga mountains (China). Chaenothecopsis tibellii and Phaeocalicium tibetanicum are described as new. The new combination Chaenothecopsis himalayensis (Räsänen).Tibell & Titov is proposed. A lectotype is selected for Mycocalicium himalayense Räsänen Chaenothecopsis nigropedata is reported as new to the Northern Hemisphere, Pyrgillus cubanus as new to Eurasia, and Chaenotheca cinerea new to Asia. Seven genera and 34 species are reported as new to China. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species are presented along with data on their habitat ecology and distribution.
Molecular and Morphological evolution in the Physciaceae (Lecanorales, Lichenized Ascomycotina), with Special Emphasis on the Genus Rinodina
Authors: Grube Martin , Arup Ulf 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA phylogenetic hypothesis based on nuclear ITS sequence data is presented for the family Physciaceae based on various representatives of foliose and fruticose groups and a number of species selected from the crustose genera Rinodina and Buellia s.l. The analysis supports the monophyly of the Physcia- and the Buellia- groups. This is in agreement with existing morphological evidence, particularly ascus characters. The Physcia group in the analysis includes the genera Anaptychia, Heterodermia, Hyperphyscia, Mobergia, Phaeophyscia, Phaeorrhiza, Physcia, Physconia, Rinodina, and Rinodinella, while the Buellia group includes Amandinea, Buellia and Diploicia. The genera Physcia, Phaeophyscia, Phaeorrhiza and Rinodinella were well supported as monophyletic groups. The support for Physconia is low. Rinodina and Buellia are not supported as monophyletic genera. In agreement with ascus and ascospore characters, Buellia lindingeri is placed within the Rinodina group, close R. lecanorina. The genus Amandinea as currently circumscribed was not supported as a monophyletic group. The analysis confirms results from other lichen families that foliose members have evolved more than once from crustose lichens. Rinodina and Rinodinella species without chemical compounds in their thalli form the sister group to Phaeophyscia, and both groups form a monophyletic assemblage. A more detailed analysis of the Physcia group is presented. Whilst several of the foliose genera were well supported, there is only poor support for traditionally accepted crustose genera. The taxonomic implications of these findings are discussed.
A New Sorediate Species of Menegazzia (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) from Chile
Authors: Bjerke J. W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMenegazzia wandae Bjerke from Chile is newly described. It is characterized by lacerate soraliathat are formed on laminar pustules; the sinuous, rather imbricate lobes with brown-black margins, and the presence of thamnolic acid in the medulla. Apothecia are unknown, and pycnidia are rare. The species is known from Chile between latitudes 38°30´S and 46°40´S.
Studies in Bacidia Sensu lato (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Lecanorales). II. Six new Combinations in Fellhanera Vězda
Authors: Lücking R. , Cáceres M. E. S. , Kalb K. , Sérusiaux E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the framework of ongoing studies on tropical representatives of Bacidiasensu lato, six species so far included in that genus are transferred to Fellhanera: Fellhanera Africana(Vězda) Lücking comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia Africana (Vězda), Fellhanera albidocincta Vain.) Lücking comb. nov. (Bas.: Bilimbia albidocincta Vain.), Fellhanera fragilis (Vězda) Lücking & Kalb comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia fragilis (Vězda), Fellhanera mastothallina (Vain.) Lücking & Serus. comb.nov. (Bas.: Bacidia mastothallina Vain.), Fellhanera naevia(Vain.) Lücking & Caceres comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia naevia Vain.), and Fellhanera submicrommata (Vězda) Lücking & Kalb comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia submicrommata Vězda). Fellhanera angustispora Lücking is reduced into synonymy with F. naevia.
New Species or Interesting Records of Foliicolous Lichens. VIII. Two New Taxa from Tropical Africa, with a Key to Sorediate Fellhanera Species
Authors: Lücking Robert , Santesson Rolf 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo new species belonging to the lichen families Pilocarpaceae and Ectolechiaceae are described from tropical Africa: Calopadia lucida sp. nov. (Ectolechiaceae) from Tanzania, being similar to C. puiggarii but differing in the UV fluorescent thallus and the pruinose apothecia, and Fellhanera ivoriensis sp. nov. (Pilocarpaceae) from the Ivory Coast, differing from the related F.rhapidophylli by the sorediate thallus and from other sorediate taxa by the combination of pale soralia, dark brown apothecia, and the ellipsoid-bacillar conidia. A key to the nine sorediate species of Fellhanera is provided.
Accurate lifespan estimates cannot be obtained from 14C profiles in the crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC.
Authors: Bench G. , Clark B.M. , Mangelson N.F. , St. Clair L. L. , Rees L. B. , Grant P.G. , Southon J. R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRadial 14C/C profiles across three individuals of the crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. have been determined using accelerator mass spectrometry. These data were used to assess whether lifespan estimates can be determined in this species using 14C/C isotope ratio measurements. 14C/C profiles are relatively flat with Δ14C values (deviations from the modern radiocarbon standard) for the radial samples displaying a small spread ranging from 130 to 200 per mil. The data are consistent with carbon cycling based on growth patterns involving replacement and fusion of areoles within the thallus as well as or instead of cellular or molecular replacement. Consequently, lifespan estimates cannot be obtained from 14C/C measurements of this species and the Δ14C profiles provide no insights into whether the relationship between size and age is linear or curvilinear in this species.
North American Pika (Ochotona princeps) as a Late Quaternary Biogeographic Indicator Species
Authors: Hafner David J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractReevaluation of Quaternary sites of fossil pika (Ochotona) lends no support for the inference that Nearctic pikas were not restricted to rocky habitat. The saxicolous nature of all widespread, isolated populations of extant Nearctic pikas and their closest Palearctic sister taxa support consideration ofO. princeps, and perhaps all Nearctic QuaternaryOchotona, as indicators of cool, mesic, rocky situations. As indicators of rocky microhabitat, fossil remains ofO. princepsdo not require that the entire region was cool and mesic, but only that suitable rocky microhabitat existed in the vicinity. Use of fossil pika dung alone as indicative of pikas in the immediate community is suspect, as the small, round, and buoyant pellets may be transported downslope by hydraulic flushing of talus habitat. Current local elevational lower limits (E) of appropriate habitat for paleoecological reconstruction at extralimital fossil sites are predicted by the equation:E(m) = 14087 - (56.6)°N - (82.9)°W.
Extensive Boulder Erosion Resulting from a Range Fire on the Type-Pinedale Moraines, Fremont Lake, Wyoming
Authors: Zimmerman Susan G. , Evenson Edward B. , Gosse John C. , Erskine Charles P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn July 1988, the FlatFish Range Fire burned over the type-Pinedale moraines at Fremont Lake, Wyoming, and caused extensive exfoliation of exposed boulder surfaces. The mass of exfoliated material from 130 of 1030 boulders investigated was measured and recorded with information concerning factors that could influence the extent of fire-induced exfoliation. The range in thickness of material removed from 98 randomly selected boulders within the burn area (averaged over the entire exposed boulder surface area) is 6.1 to < 0.1 mm. The mean thickness loss for all 98 boulders is 0.9 mm/fire and the expected loss from individual boulders (median) is 0.4 mm/fire. At the 95% confidence level there is no significant relationship between the degree of exfoliation and boulder size, lithology, grain size, proximity to vegetation, or vegetation density. The expected fire-induced boulder surface erosion rates range from 5.9 to 0.3 x 10-3mm/yr on boulders in sagebrush rangeland where fire recurrence intervals are typically every 20 to 400 yr. Fire-induced exfoliation may account for differences in boulder size and abundance on Pinedale and Bull Lake moraines. Surface dating methods using varnish or cosmogenic nuclides may yield exposure ages that are too young if the consequences of range fires are not considered when sampling boulder surfaces that are within about 2 m above ground level.
Glacial Lowstand Deposits on the Outer Continental Shelf of Southeastern Australia
Authors: Ferland Marie A. , Roy Peter S. , Murray-Wallace Colin V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVibracores collected from water depths of 130 to 150 m on the outer continental shelf of southeastern Australia contain evidence for several cycles of shallow marine deposition. One of these vibracores (112/VC/134; lat. 33°24′S, long, 151°58′ E) preserves evidence for the last three glacial lowstands, as inferred from radiocarbon dating, amino acid racemization, and fossil mollusc assemblages. The core contains the inner-shelf molluscsPecten fumatus, Placamen placidium, andTawera gallinula, which today live in water depths of 10 to 50 m, in the cool waters of southern Australia. Radiocarbon dating and amino acid racemization analyses on multiple valves ofP. fumatusin the core indicate three distinct age groupings of fossil molluscs: (1) those younger than 20,000 yr B.P., (2) those with minimum ages of about 100,000 yr, and (3) those with minimum ages of about 200,000 yr. We assign these sediments to oxygen isotope stages 2, 6, and 8, respectively. The core contains the first shallow-marine lowstand deposits to be recovered from the shelf of eastern Australia. These deposits constrain the last three glacial lowstands on this margin to water depths <130 m below present sea level.