bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Motivation, Satisfaction, and Coping in Genetic Counseling and Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Clark Shelly , Bluman Leslie G. , Borstelmann Nancy , Regan Katherine , Winer Eric P. , Rimer Barbara K. , Skinner Celette Sugg 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWomen with a strong family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer can now have genetic testing, that may identify mutations associated with increased cancer predisposition. Within the context of a clinical trial evaluating printed educational materials, we examined motivation, satisfaction, coping, and perceptions of genetic counseling and testing among 159 women who underwent pretest counseling and made a testing decision. Ninety‐six percent of the participants elected to have BRCA1/2 testing. When making a decision about genetic testing, study participants were concerned less about the potential negative effects that could result from testing than the potential benefits. After counseling, participants said that they felt better able to make decisions that were right for them and that their questions and concerns were adequately addressed during the session. Ninety‐five percent of the women were satisfied with their test decision. Participants used a range of strategies to cope with thoughts and feelings about cancer and/or genetic testing immediately following test decision. Results suggest that the genetic counseling session helped women make decisions about testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2, even in the setting of a trial in which all women also received detailed educational materials. Further, the results indicate that future research focusing on perceptions of risks and benefits of testing and of coping strategies immediately following test decision may be warranted.
Perception of Genetic Risk Among Genetic Counselors
Authors: Roggenbuck Jennifer , Olson Janet E. , Sellers Thomas A. , Ludowese Carol 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA mailed survey of female prenatal genetic counselors, obstetric nurses, and high school biology teachers was conducted to determine if these groups hold different attitudes toward genetic risk and to investigate the extent to which any differences result from the effect of different professional experiences. In this study, the participants were 166 genetic counselors, 116 obstetric nurses, and 78 biology teachers (n = 360). Survey participants completed a written questionnaire designed to assess their numeric estimate of the empiric risk for birth defects/genetic problems, their subjective perception of this risk, and their personal use of prenatal diagnosis. Genetic counselors were found to be less likely than the other groups to consider the frequency of birth defects/genetic problems as rare and were 10 times more likely than nurses and 8 times more likely than teachers to have had prenatal diagnosis. Furthermore, more than half of the prenatal diagnosis procedures had by genetic counselors were not medically indicated. These results suggest that genetic counselors have an increased perception of genetic risks relative to nurses or teachers. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed, and the potential role of discordant risk perception in creating biases in the genetic counseling process is explored.
Ethical and Professional Challenges Posed by Patients with Genetic Concerns: A Report of Focus Group Discussions with Genetic Counselors, Physicians, and Nurses
Authors: Veach Patricia McCarthy , Bartels Dianne M. , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNinety‐seven physicians, nurses, and genetic counselors from four regions within the United States participated in focus groups to identify the types of ethical and professional challenges that arise when their patients have genetic concerns. Responses were taped and transcribed and then analyzed using the Hill et al. (1997, Counsel Psychol 25:517–522) Consensual Qualitative Research method of analysis. Sixteen major ethical and professional domains and 63 subcategories were identified. Major domains are informed consent; withholding information; facing uncertainty; resource allocation; value conflicts; directiveness/nondirectiveness; determining the primary patient; professional identity issues; emotional responses; diversity issues; confidentiality; attaining/maintaining proficiency; professional misconduct; discrimination; colleague error; and documentation. Implications for practitioners who deal with genetic issues and recommendations for additional research are given.
PTSD scale of the child behavior checklist: Concurrent and discriminant validity with non‐clinic‐referred sexually abused children
Authors: Ruggiero Kenneth J. , McLeer Susan V. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSeveral assessment instruments include measures that are purported to assess characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although these measures are used often by researchers and clinicians, few are supported by extensive validity data. The PTSD scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is one that has not yet encountered significant challenges to its validity. We examine the concurrent and discriminant validity of the CBCL‐PTSD scale. Participants included 63 non‐clinic‐referred sexually abused (SA) children, 60 non‐SA psychiatric outpatient children, and 61 non‐SA, non‐clinic‐referred schoolchildren. Results revealed questionable concurrent validity for this scale, and suggest poor discriminant validity between SA children and non‐SA psychiatric outpatients.
Anger, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder among female assault victims
Authors: Feeny Norah C. , Zoellner Lori A. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to explore the relationship between anger and dissociation and their relationship to symptoms of posttrauma pathology. One hundred four female assault victims were assessed prospectively 2, 4, and 12 weeks postassault. Measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity, social functioning, anger, and dissociation were obtained at all assessments. Results revealed that differentiation between symptoms that predict later PTSD and impaired social functioning first becomes evident at 4 weeks postassault. At 4 weeks postassault, anger expression was predictive of later PTSD severity, whereas dissociation was predictive of poorer later functioning.
The effects of extreme early stress in very old age
Authors: Landau Ruth , Litwin Howard 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article examines a community‐based sample of Holocaust survivors aged 75 and over, in comparison to persons of similar age and sociocultural background who did not personally experience the Holocaust. The analysis compares respondents' sociodemographic characteristics, interpersonal resources (locus of control and social network), and vulnerability, stratified by gender (n = 194). Assessments of vulnerability (physical health, mental health, and posttraumatic stress disorder—PTSD) are compared across groups. The results reveal almost no differences regarding the sociodemographic and interpersonal variables. Nevertheless, survivors are found to be more vulnerable than the others in the comparison group: (a) male survivors demonstrate a higher prevalence of PTSD, and (b) female survivors indicate greater health‐related difficulties and poorer self‐rated health.
A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing
Authors: Calhoun Lawrence G. , Cann Arnie , Tedeschi Richard G. , McMillan Jamie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe present study examined the degree to which event related rumination, a quest orientation to religion, and religious involvement is related to posttraumatic growth. Fifty‐four young adults, selected based on prescreening for experience of a traumatic event, completed a measure of event related ruminations, the Quest Scale, an index of religious participation, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The three subscales of the Quest Scale, the two groups of rumination items (soon after event/ within past two weeks), and the index of religious participation were entered in a standard multiple regression with the total score of the Postlraumatic Growth Inventory as the dependent variable. The degree of rumination soon after the event and the degree of openness to religious change were significantly related to Posttraumatic Growth. Congruent with theoretical predictions, more rumination soon after the event, and greater openness to religious change were related to more posttraumatic growth. Present findings offer some confirmation of theoretical predictions, and also offer clear direction for further research on the relationships of religion, rumination, and posttraumatic growth.
Effects of posttraumatic stress and acculturation on marital functioning in Bosnian refugee couples
Authors: Spasojević Jelena , Heffer Robert W. , Snyder Douglas K. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractForty Bosnian refugee couples living in the United States completed a translated version of the PTSD Symptom Scale—Self Report, the Behavioral Acculturation Scale, the Marital Satisfaction Inventory—Revised, and a demographic questionnaire. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology was the best predictor of marital functioning and was related negatively to acculturation. After controlling for PTSD, acculturation did not predict marital functioning. Wives' marital satisfaction was best predicted by husbands' PTSD, husbands' acculturation, and their own PTSD. Husbands' marital satisfaction was not predicted significantly by any of these variables. These findings suggest several implications for mental health professionals dealing with refugees and other traumatized populations.
Relationship between attachment style and posttraumatic stress symptomatology among adults who report the experience of childhood abuse
Authors: Muller Robert T. , Sicoli Lisa A. , Lemieux Kathryn E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between adult attachment style and posttraumatic stress symptomatology in a volunteer sample of adults who reported the experience of childhood abuse. Sixty‐six individuals completed measures of abuse history, attachment style, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Results indicated that 76% of participants endorsed one of the three insecure attachment styles (dismissing, fearful, or preoccupied). Analyses of variances revealed that those who displayed fearful and preoccupied attachment styles, which represent a negative view of the self, had the highest mean scores on posttraumatic sympoms. Correlational analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between negative view of self and posttraumatic stress symptomatology, but not between negative view of other and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Regression analyses indicated that having a negative view of self was most highly associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms, followed by a history of physical abuse. The regression analysis further indicated that negative view of other was unrelated to posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Distress experienced by participants during an epidemiological survey of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Parslow Ruth A. , Jorm Anthony F. , O'Toole Brian I. , Marshall Richard P. , Grayson David A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe examined the potential for epidemiological studies of mental disorders, specifically of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to cause further harm to participants involved. Of 1,000 randomly selected Australian Vietnam veterans. 641 agreed to participate in an epidemiological survey. Participants were asked about distress experienced during the interview when traumatic events were raised. Significant distress attributed to the interview was reported by 75.3% of those with current PTSD, 56.5% of those with past PTSD, and 20.6% of those with no PTSD diagnosis. Distress did not affect participants' use of medical services following the interview nor did it affect their willingness to continue participating in the study. We concluded that research interviews about PTSD may cause short‐term distress, but found no evidence of long‐term harm.
Exploring the roles of emotional numbing, depression, and dissociation in PTSD
Authors: Feeny Norah C. , Zoellner Lori A. , Fitzgibbons Lee A. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSome researchers consider emotional numbing a cardinal feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Others view numbing symptoms as representing an overlap between PTSD, depression, and dissociation. In this study, we examined the ability of early emotional numbing, depression, and dissociation symptoms to predict PTSD. One‐hundred sixty‐one women who were recent victims of sexual or nonsexual assault were assessed prospectively for 12 weeks. Emotional numbing, depression, and dissociation were each associated with initial PTSD severity. Notably, regression analyses revealed that after depression and dissociation were accounted for, early numbing contributed to the prediction of later PTSD.
Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in international relief and development personnel
Authors: Eriksson Cynthia B. , Kemp Hendrika Vande , Gorsuch Richard , Hoke Stephen , Foy David W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractInternational relief and development personnel may be directly or indirectly exposed to traumatic events that put them at risk for developing symptoms of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In order to identify areas of risk and related reactions, surveys were administered to 113 recently returned staff from 5 humanitarian aid agencies. Respondents reported high rates of direct and indirect exposure to life‐threatening events. Approximately 30% of those surveyed reported significant symptoms of PTSD. Multiple regression analysis revealed that personal and vicarious exposure to life‐threatening events and an interaction between social support and exposure to life threat accounted for a significant amount of variance in PTSD severity. These results suggest the need for personnel programs; prede‐ployment training, risk assessment, and contingency planning may better prepare personnel for service.
Prevalence, characteristics, and long‐term sequelae of natural disaster exposure in the general population
Authors: Briere John , Elliott Diana 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA sample of 935 participants from the general population completed a mail‐out questionnaire containing the Trauma Symptom Inventory (J. Briere, 1995) and the Traumatic Events Survey (D. M. Elliott, 1992). The lifetime seif‐reported prevalence of natural disasters in this sample was 22%. Although time from the last disaster to involvement in the study was an average of 13 years, previous disaster was associated with significantly higher scores on 6 of 10 symptom scales. Disaster characteristics (especially the presence of physical injury, fear of death, and property loss) were better predictors of symptomatology than was disaster type. Disaster exposure continued to predict symptomatology after controlling for interpersonal violence history, although interpersonal violence accounted for more overall symptom variance.
Validation of a self‐report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder in a sample of college‐age women
Authors: Cross Melissa R. , McCanne Thomas R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interview (PTSD‐I; Watson, C. G., Juba, M., Manifold, V., Kucala, T., & Anderson, E. D., 1991) was adapted into a self‐report questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PTSD‐Q), which was validated against the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID‐IV) PTSD module (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1995), using a sample of 76 college‐age women who were not seeking help for psychological problems. The women completed the PTSD‐Q and were later interviewed with the SCID‐IV PTSD module. Use of a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis indicated that a cut point of 60 on the PTSD‐Q provided the optimal diagnostic efficiency relative to the SCID‐IV diagnosis. Using a cut point of 60 on the PTSD‐Q resulted in a sensitivity of .81 and a specificity of .82, relative to SCID‐IV diagnoses. The PTSD‐Q may be a useful screening measure to identify individuals who are not seeking help but who have PTSD.
The correlates of male adults' perceptions of their early sexual experiences
Authors: Steever Ethan E. , Follette Victoria M. , Naugle Amy E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between men's perceptions of their earliest sexual experiences and adult psychosocial functioning. Twenty men who identified themselves as sexual abuse survivors were compared with 20 men who would be classified as sexual abuse survivors by common research definitions, but do not identify themselves as survivors, and to 20 men who reported only noncoercive childhood sexual experiences with peers. Men who self‐identified as survivors reported nearly twice the level of psychological distress, and were twice as likely to have utilized mental health services as the other two groups. The current article also examines differences in perpetrator and event characteristics.
Predictors of psychological distress following serious injury
Authors: Richmond Therese S. , Kauder Donald 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPosttraumatic psychological distress was assessed in 109 surivors of serious physical injury during acute hospitalization and at 3 months postdischarge. Participants had an average of 4.4 injuries, with a mean injury severity score of 15.5, denoting moderate to severe injuries. Using the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the mean total IES score in‐hospital was 22.5 and at 3 months postdischarge was 30.6. Approximately 32% of individuals experienced high levels of distress in‐hospital, and this increased to 49% at 3 months postdischarge. The regression model that best explained the variance in posttraumatic psychological distress at 3 months postdischarge included greater psychological distress during hospitalization, a positive drug/alcohol screen on hospital admission, younger age, and the lack of anticipating problems returning to normal life activities. These findings suggest that factors present during acute hospitalization may he used to identify individuals at risk for increased psychological distress, several months following serious physical injury.
Efficacy of emotion focused therapy for adult survivors of child abuse: A preliminary study
Authors: Paivio Sandra C. , Nieuwenhuis James A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of Emotion Focused Therapy with 32 adult survivors (EFT‐AS) of childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual). EFT‐AS is a 20‐week individual psychotherapy based on current emotion theory and experiential therapy theory and research. The study employed a quasi‐experimental design in which participants, who met screening criteria, were assigned to therapy or a variably delayed therapy condition. Clients receiving EFT‐AS achieved significant improvements in multiple domains of disturbance. Clients in the delayed treatment condition showed minimal improvements over the wait interval but after EFT‐AS showed significant improvements comparable to the immediate therapy group. These effects were maintained at 9 months (on average) follow‐up.
The Interface Between Countertransference and Projective Identification in a Case Presented to Peer Supervision
Authors: Likhite Marisa Ladoulis 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis case report, presented to a supervision group, is a prenatal genetic counseling casethat caused me a great deal of emotional discomfort as the events unfolded. Thediscomfort originated during my first meeting with the couple for routine preamniocentesiscounseling and continued through later encounters. This case illustrates the process ofworking through countertransference and projective identification issues that may arise ingenetic counseling.
Outcomes of single versus multiple trauma exposure in a screening sample
Authors: Green Bonnie L. , Goodman Lisa A. , Krupnick Janice L. , Corcoran Carole B. , Petty Rachel M. , Stockton Patricia , Stern Nicole M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMost studies ignore prior trauma exposure when evaluating outcomes of target events. This study explored symptom severity associated with different types of traumatic experiences occurring alone and with multiple exposure. The Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire categorized 1,909 sophomore women into groups including no trauma exposure, exposure to a serious non‐Criterion A event only, exposure to several unique noninterpersonal and interpersonal events, and exposure to multiple interpersonal events. Women with noninterpersonal trauma did not differ from those without trauma on the Trauma Symptom Inventory. Only interpersonal trauma and non‐Criterion A events were associated with elevated symptoms; multiple‐exposure participants had significantly higher symptoms than all other groups. Complex trauma histories should be accounted for, even in studies of one target event.
“Amnesia” for summer camps and high school graduation: Memory work increases reports of prior periods of remembering less
Authors: Read J. Don , Lindsay D. Stephen 
Published: December 2002

AbstractClaims regarding amnesia for childhood sexual abuse have often been based on studies of adults' responses to questions of the form, “Was there ever a period of time when you remembered less of the abuse than you do now?” In this experiment, 43 adult (mean age = 42) participants rated their current and prior memories of several nontraumatic childhood/adolescent events. Reports of prior periods of less memory were fairly common. Participants then engaged in “reminiscence” or “enhanced” retrieval activities directed toward remembering more about a selected target event. Following retrieval, 35% of the reminiscence condition participants reported prior poor memory for the target event, as did 70% of the enhanced condition. These results highlight the need for appropriate control conditions in retrospective studies of amnesia for childhood trauma.
Head injury as a predictor of psychological outcome in combat veterans
Authors: Vasterling Jennifer J. , Constans Joseph I. , Hanna‐Pladdy Brenda 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlthough it is recognized that psychosocial variables influence the expression of psychopathology following trauma exposure, physiological variables have received less attention as potential mediators of psychological outcome in trauma victims. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of head injury to psychological outcome in 171 combat veterans seeking compensation for service‐connected disabilities for mental disorders attributed to etiologies other than head injury. Veterans underwent structured psychiatric diagnostic interview and completed self‐report measures of combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and occurrence of head injury. Comparisons between veterans with and without history of head injury indicated that head injury was associated with more severe depression. Regression analysis suggested that head injury predicted depression, but not PTSD, severity.