bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Fusion Frequency and Audio-Visual Reaction Time as a Function of Age
Authors: Shankarappa V, Prakash S B, Prabha V  
Published: January 2024

Background & objective
Aging is associated with physiological changes in functioning of different parts of the body. One of the changes commonly seen in elderly persons is slowness of the movements. Many studies concluded that audio-visual reaction time (RT) increases with age. Critical fusion frequency (CFF) is the frequency at which an intermittent light stimulus appears to be completely steady to the observer. It is been observed that CFF decreases with age. But whether this decrease is a progressive phenomenon is not clear. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate CFF in various age groups.
Materials & method
The study involved hundred subjects within the age group of 20–70 years. Subjects were divided into five age groups. Audio-visual reaction time and critical fusion frequency were measured. Data was statistically analyzed by using one way ANOVA for group wise changes in RT and CFF. Relationship between visual RT and CFF was found out by Pearson's coefficient of correlation.
Results
Visual RT and Audio RT were positively and significantly correlated with age whereas CFF was significantly and negatively correlated with age in male and females separately as well as when combined together. (p<0.001)
Conclusion
From our study we conclude that the RT increases and CFF decreases with age. These changes are similar in both male and female subjects.
Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Young Obese Individuals
Authors: M.Sivaraj,  M.Janet Sugantha  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Obesity is associated with marked cardiorespiratory changes. In obese individuals there occurs an increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and cardiac output up to 15%. These changes are thought to occur as a result of changes in autonomic activity. Among the available noninvasive techniques for assessing autonomic status, heart rate variability has emerged as a simple non-invasive method to evaluate sympatho-vagal balance.
Materials and Method
Heart Rate Variability analysis was done in 30 young obese individuals and compared with 30 age and gender matched individuals with normal BMI
Results
In obese individuals, the SDNN was significantly higher than in controls. LF and LF/HF values of obese individuals were significantly higher than those of controls but their HF values were lower.
Conclusion
HRV analysis shows sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic blunting in young obese individuals.
Correlation of NLR with Oxidative Stress Markers in Sickle Cell Anemia with Vasoocclusive Crisis
Authors: Satarupa Dash, Atanu Kumar Thakur, Sumitra Bhoi  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Sickle cell disease has long been recognized as an inflammatory condition and oxidative stress play an important role in pathophysiology of SCD. Several biomarkers have been associated with SCA clinical prognosis. This study was designed to determine the oxidative stress & inflammatory biomarker that can be used in monitoring the prognosis & management of SCA patients.
Aim & Objective
The present study is aimed to assess the role of NLR along with CRP, MDA and erythrocyte GSH in vaso-occlusive (HbSS) crisis patients compared to steady state (HbSS) patients.
Materials & Method
A total of 100 sickle cell anemia patients aged between 20–40 years of either sex were evaluated and divided into 2 groups. Group A-sickle cell anemia patients with vasoocclusive crisis(N=50) Group B-sickle cell anemia patients with steady state as control group(N=50). We analysed the oxidative stress marker i.e. reduced glutathione (GSH) & MDA along with inflammatory markers NLR, CRP and compared between both A& B groups.
Result
The Unpaired t test between A & B group shows significant increase in NLR, MDA, CRP Level in VOC patients as compared to steady state sickle cell patients(P?0.05). Compared with values of controls, SCA subjects with VOC had significantly lower erythrocyte GSH (P ?0.05). In the present study positive correlation of NLR with MDA and CRP in sickle cell anemia patient with vasoocclusive crisis is evaluated.
Conclusion
So the early prediction of vaso-occlusive crisis by the detection of the NLR count along with MDA, CRP, GSH level might be beneficial in the management sickle cell anemia patient. Additional studies are warranted to test this hypothesis.
Breath Carbon Monoxide Concentration”, An Indicator of Early Airway Inflammation in Asymptomatic Smokers
Authors: Poorey K, Somani S, Oommen E R  
Published: January 2024

Measurement of carbon monoxide(CO) concentration in expired air canbe used for detecting and monitoring cytokine mediated inflammation and oxidative stress in the respiratory tract of smokers if smokers are made to abstain from smoking for 8 hrs. Total 48 apparently healthy male volunteers (24 were asymptomatic male tobacco smokers and rest 24 were healthy non-smoker males) with age between 18–25 years participated in the study. Exhaled CO level measured by the breath CO analyzer.
Baseline Pulmonary function test(PFT) was done using RMS Helios Series Computer based Spirometer. Exercise challenge test was doneusing treadmill and PFT was recorded immediately, 5min., 10min. and 20min. of recovery period. Comparison of lung function before and after exercise in healthy volunteers and asymptomatic smokers respectively was done using paired t test. Correlation between post exercise percentage change in FEV1 and exhaled COwas seen using Pearson's coefficient of correlation. A negative correlation was found between CO concentration in exhaled breath and improvement in FEV1 after exercise challenge test. Hence, Breath CO analyser can be used to measure endogenous CO in so called “healthy smokers” as a tool to detect early inflammation and also to motivate them to quit smoking before the disease becomes irreversible.
Association of Bleeding Time and Clotting Time with ABO Blood Groups Among Healthy Adults
Authors: Mangala Gowri S.R., Dr. Kancharla Sirisha  
Published: January 2024

Background
Haemostasis is the stoppage of bleeding. Bleeding time (BT) and Clotting time (CT) assess the integrity of haemostatic mechanisms. Assessment of Hematological parameters like bleeding time, clotting time and blood grouping are a very important before initiating any surgical procedure. Blood group has clinical importance in transfusion medicine and medico legal cases. Some studies have showed epistaxis and thrombosis found in O blood group individuals. Earlier studies showed the conflicting results regarding association of blood group with clotting time and bleeding time.
Objectives
The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of ABO blood groups in males and females with age group of 17-21yrs and determination of BT and CT among males & females. To analyze the relationship between the blood groups, BT and CT.
Method
The study was conducted in Department of Physiology, Mamata Medical College. The study included 205 healthy volunteers of age group between 18-21years. Blood grouping, bleeding time and clotting time were determined. Statistical analysis done by un paired t test for calculating gender wise CT and BT and ANOVA and Post Hoc test for assessing relationship between BT, CT and blood groups.
Results
Our study results showed that blood group O was predominant in both males and females. Clotting time and bleeding time is statistically higher in females compared to males. Results showed clotting time is statistically significant (0.011) only between group A & group O, with higher value in group O but not the bleeding time.
Conclusion
Blood group O was the most common group. BT and CT were higher in females than males. May be due to high estrogen and lower fibrinogen levels in females. CT and BT maximum in blood group O due to more activation of von Willebrand's Factor.
Left Ventricular Mass Index as a Diagnostic Predictor for Hypertrophy of the Left Ventricle in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Meenu, Satheesh Balakrishnan  
Published: January 2024

Background
Patient suffering from hypertension are at increased incidence of suffering from increase in size of left ventricular mass (hypertrophy) due to associated risk factor like male sex, advanced age, males including addiction to smoking and alcohol. Measurement of left ventricular mass index helps in detecting the increase in size of left ventricular mass (hypertrophy).
Objectives
To evaluate increase in size of left ventricular mass (hypertrophy) in relation to ventricular mass index of left ventricle in hypertensive patients.
Method
A total 100 patients were grouped into 2 groups and named as Group I who served as Normal-Left ventricular mass index-N-LVMI) and Group II who served as Increased Left ventricular mass index-I-LVMI (More than 118g/m2 in males and 109 g/m2 in females. All patients were evaluated for past history and related cardiovascular parameters. About 67 patients among 100 had normal LVMI and 33 patients as per Penn's convention formula had increased LVMI. Body surface area was calculated by using formula 0.20247 x Height (m) 0.725 x Weight (Kg) 0.425 according to DuBois and DuBois formula. LVMI for males is 118gm/m2 and 109 gm/m2 in females as per normal Indian population and a value above suggests increase in size of left ventricular mass (hypertrophy).
Statistics
Chi-square test.
Results
Mean with ± standard deviation in age (in years) was 50 ± 10.3 and 58± 9.8 in patients without LVH and un patients with LVH respectively. Lateral shift of the apex was seen more in Group II (24.2%) when compared to Group I which showed 4.6%. Apical impulse was found to be 33.3% in Group II as compared to Group I. Chest X ray showed 27.2% in Group II compared to Group I which was 15% for Group I in-terms of cardiac enlargement. Patients having LVH were 51.5% in Group II as compared to 17.9% in Group I for SOKOLOV LYON INDEX and in terms of ROMHILT ESTES, Group II with 42.4% and Group II with 8.9% patients. Patient having concentric LVH as per results of 2 D ECHO patients in Group II was 78.8% compared to patients in Group I which was 11.9%.
Conclusion
There was a substantial and positive association that shows a strong association between LVMI and increase in size of left ventricular mass (hypertrophy) in hypertensive patients as evident from our study.
Effect of Yoga (Pranayama and Suryanamaskar) on Cardio Pulmonary functions among Adults
Authors: Suhas Y. Shirur, Veena H.C., Pradhyumn  
Published: January 2024

Background
Yoga has been an ancient practice in India which promises many benefits both physical and mental. Present study was to assess the effect of long term practice of yoga on cardiorespiratory functions.
Method
The study was conducted on 64 subjects of age 20–65 years. Study group consisted of 32 yoga practitioners, practicing yoga daily for a minimum period of one year. Control group consisted of 32 subjects who never practiced yoga or any other exercises. Data on physical characteristics such as age, height, weight and Body Mass Index were obtained. Cardio respiratory parameters were assessed among both the groups.
Results
The mean Heart rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mean arterial pressure, Respiratory rate was significantly lower among yoga group compared to non yoga group. The mean breath holding time, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate and maximum volume ventilation are higher among yoga group
Conclusion
Regular practice of yoga improves the cardiopulmonary functions in both genders among healthy individuals hence we conclude that yoga practice can be incorporated in our lifestyle and hence prevents cardio respiratory disease in future.
Costo de Logistica y Rentabilidad en la Empresa de Transporte Tranpsfar S.A, 2022
Authors: Asencio Malave Candy Zuley , Ganchozo López Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2024

El propósito del presente artículo se direcciona en describir los costos de logisticas que puedan incurrir en la rentabilidad de las empresas de transporte de carga pesada vía terrestre. El diseño de investigación se fundamenta bajo la metodologia descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo. Por consiguiente, se recopiló información mediante plataforma de la Superintendencia de Compañias de los Estados Financieros del periodo 2022, con una muestra por convencia de 5 empresa con caracteristica “Pequeña Empresa” y por su nivel de ingreso en la provincia de Santa Elena, para los resultados se utilizó un conjunto de técnicas de recolección de informacion, a traves de encuesta virtual y observación directa del objeto de estudio. Al final como resultados se obtuvo que los costos directos e indirectos de transporte hay una mínima diferencia al promedio ingreso mensual.
SOSIALISASI MENABUNG SEJAK DINI PADA MURID TPA MASJID DARUL FIKRI DESA SUKANAGARA
Authors: Fitri Arina Faizah  , Lina Marlina Susana  , Muhammad Nazaruddin Azfa Arifin  , Athian Fadly Zaenal  
Published: January 2024

Pada semester 2022/2023 mendatang, inisiator bersama tim pengabdian masyarakat dari program studi Ekonomi Syariah dan Teknik Industri akan melakukan kegiatan penyuluhan kepada para santri TPA dan Masjid Darul Fikri di RW.08 Desa Sukanagara, Soreang, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Fokus dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran menabung sejak dini melalui sesi edukasi. Tujuannya adalah untuk menginspirasi anak-anak dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pentingnya menabung untuk persiapan masa depan. Menumbuhkan kebiasaan menabung sejak usia dini dianggap penting untuk pengembangan karakter anak usia dini. Mengingat tahap perkembangan anak yang masih dalam masa pertumbuhan, menanamkan budaya menabung akan sangat berdampak. Para peserta diharapkan dapat memahami manfaat menabung untuk kepentingan mereka dimasa depan. kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat kesadaran menabung dan menggalang dukungan masyarakat dalam mengaplikasikan pemahaman untuk masa depan terhadap konsep menabung.
Kata kunci: Menabung Sejak Dini, Pengabdian Masyarakat.
Compact Symmetric Objects. III. Evolution of the High-luminosity Branch and a Possible Connection with Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Readhead A. C. S , Ravi V. , Blandford R. D. , Sullivan A. G. , Somalwar J. , Begelman M. C. , Birkinshaw M. , Liodakis I. , Lister M. L. , Pearson T. J. , Taylor G. B. , Wilkinson P. N. , Globus N. , Kiehlmann S. , Lawrence C. R. , Murphy D. , O’Neill S. , Pavlidou V. , Sheldahl E. , Siemiginowska A. , Tassis K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We use a sample of 54 compact symmetric objects (CSOs) to confirm that there are two unrelated CSO classes: an edge-dimmed, low-luminosity class (CSO 1), and an edge-brightened, high-luminosity class (CSO 2). Using blind tests, we show that CSO 2s consist of three subclasses: CSO 2.0, having prominent hot spots at the leading edges of narrow jets and/or narrow lobes; CSO 2.2, without prominent hot spots and with broad jets and/or lobes; and CSO 2.1, which exhibit mixed properties. Most CSO 2s do not evolve into larger jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN), but spend their whole life cycle as CSOs of size ≲500 pc and age ≲5000 yr. The minimum energies needed to produce the radio luminosity and structure in CSO 2s range from ∼10−4
M
⊙
c
2 to ∼7 M
⊙
c
2. We show that the transient nature of most CSO 2s, and their birth rate, can be explained through ignition in the tidal disruption events of stars. We also consider possibilities of tapping the spin energy of the supermassive black hole, and tapping the energy of the accretion disk. Our results demonstrate that CSOs constitute a large family of AGN in which we have thus far studied only the brightest. More comprehensive CSO studies, with higher sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range, will revolutionize our understanding of AGN and the central engines that power them.
Galaxy Clusters from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. II. Environmental Effects on the Size–Mass Relation
Authors: Chen Zhaobin , Gu Yizhou , Zou Hu , Yuan Qirong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To investigate the environmental effects on the growth of galaxies, we study the size–mass relation across a broad range of environments with a vast sample of approximately 32 million galaxies at z < 0.5 from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. This sample is divided into three subsamples representing galaxies within three different environments: brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), other cluster galaxies, and field galaxies. The BCGs in our large sample are dominated by quiescent galaxies (QGs), while only a minority (∼13%) of BCGs are star-forming galaxies (SFGs). To demonstrate the influence of the environment on size growth, we attempt to observe the difference in size–mass relation for these three subsamples. In general, the slope differences between QGs and SFGs within various environments are significant and tend to be greater at higher redshifts. For the mass-complete subsamples at z < 0.5, BCGs are found to have the highest slope of size–mass relation, and no difference in size–mass relation is found between cluster members and field galaxies. To assess whether the observed slope differences stem from the variations in environment or mass distribution, we construct the mass-matched subsamples for QGs and SFGs. As a result, both QGs and SFGs show negligible differences in the slope of the size–mass relation among the galaxies within three distinct environments, indicating that stellar mass is the most fundamental factor driving the size evolution at z < 0.5, though the mass growth mode for QGs and SFGs may have been affected by galaxy environment.
Determining the Origin of Very-high-energy Gamma Rays from Galactic Sources by Future Neutrino Observations
Authors: Song Bo-Heng , Huang Tian-Qi , Wang Kai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recently, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) identified 12 gamma-ray sources emitting gamma rays with energies above 100 TeV, making them potential PeV cosmic-ray accelerators (PeVatrons). Neutrino observations are crucial in determining whether the gamma-ray radiation process is of hadronic or leptonic origin. In this paper, we study three detected sources, LHAASO J1908+0621, LHAASO J2018+3651, and LHAASO J2032+4102, which are also the most promising Galactic high-energy neutrino candidate sources with the lowest pretrial p-value based on the stacking searches testing for excess neutrino emission by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. We study the lepto-hadronic scenario for the observed multiband spectra of these LHAASO sources considering the possible counterpart source of the LHAASO sources. The very-high-energy gamma rays are entirely attributed to the hadronic contribution; therefore, the most optimistic neutrino flux can be derived. Then, we evaluate the statistical significance (p-value) as a function of the observation time of IceCube and the next-generation IceCube-Gen2 neutrino observatory, respectively. Our results tend to disfavor that all gamma rays above 100 GeV from LHAASO J1908+0621 are of purely hadronic origin based on current IceCube observations, but the purely hadronic origin of gamma rays above 100 TeV is still possible. By IceCube-Gen2, the origin of gamma rays above 100 TeV from LHAASO J1908+0621 can be further determined at a 5σ significance level within a running time of ∼3 yr. For LHAASO J2018+3651 and LHAASO J2032+4102, the required running time of IceCube-Gen2 is ∼10 yr (3σ) and ∼10 yr (5σ), respectively. Future observations by the next-generation neutrino telescope will be crucial to understanding the particle acceleration and radiation processes inside the sources.
Spectacular Nucleosynthesis from Early Massive Stars
Authors: Ji Alexander P. , Curtis Sanjana , Storm Nicholas , Chandra Vedant , C. Schlaufman Kevin , G. Stassun Keivan , Heger Alexander , Pignatari Marco , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Bergemann Maria , Stringfellow Guy S. , Fröhlich Carla , Reggiani Henrique , Holmbeck Erika M. , Tayar Jamie , Shah Shivani P. , Griffith Emily J. , Laporte Chervin F. P. , Casey Andrew R. , Hawkins Keith , Horta Danny , Cerny William , Thibodeaux Pierre , Usman Sam A. , Amarante João A. S. , Beaton Rachael L. , Cargile Phillip A. , Chiappini Cristina , Conroy Charlie , Johnson Jennifer A. , Kollmeier Juna A. , Li Haining , Loebman Sarah , Meynet Georges , Bizyaev Dmitry , Brownstein Joel R. , Gupta Pramod , Morrison Sean , Pan Kaike , Ramirez Solange V. , Rix Hans-Walter , Sánchez-Gallego José 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Stars that formed with an initial mass of over 50 M
⊙ are very rare today, but they are thought to be more common in the early Universe. The fates of those early, metal-poor, massive stars are highly uncertain. Most are expected to directly collapse to black holes, while some may explode as a result of rotationally powered engines or the pair-creation instability. We present the chemical abundances of J0931+0038, a nearby low-mass star identified in early follow-up of the SDSS-V Milky Way Mapper, which preserves the signature of unusual nucleosynthesis from a massive star in the early Universe. J0931+0038 has a relatively high metallicity ([Fe/H] = −1.76 ± 0.13) but an extreme odd–even abundance pattern, with some of the lowest known abundance ratios of [N/Fe], [Na/Fe], [K/Fe], [Sc/Fe], and [Ba/Fe]. The implication is that a majority of its metals originated in a single extremely metal-poor nucleosynthetic source. An extensive search through nucleosynthesis predictions finds a clear preference for progenitors with initial mass >50 M
⊙, making J0931+0038 one of the first observational constraints on nucleosynthesis in this mass range. However, the full abundance pattern is not matched by any models in the literature. J0931+0038 thus presents a challenge for the next generation of nucleosynthesis models and motivates the study of high-mass progenitor stars impacted by convection, rotation, jets, and/or binary companions. Though rare, more examples of unusual early nucleosynthesis in metal-poor stars should be found in upcoming large spectroscopic surveys.
The First TESS Self-lensing Pulses: Revisiting KIC 12254688
Authors: Sorabella Nicholas M. , Laycock Silas G. T. , Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Bhattacharya Sayantan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report the observations of two self-lensing pulses from KIC 12254688 in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves. This system, containing an F2V star and white-dwarf companion, was among the first self-lensing binary systems discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope over the past decade. Each observed pulse occurs when the white dwarf transits in front of its companion star, gravitationally lensing the star’s surface, thus making it appear brighter to a distant observer. These two pulses are the very first self-lensing events discovered in TESS observations. We describe the methods by which the data were acquired and detrended, as well as the best-fit binary parameters deduced from our self-lensing+radial velocity model. We highlight the difficulties of finding new self-lensing systems with TESS, and we discuss the types of self-lensing systems that TESS may be more likely to discover in the future.