bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of an influenza B virus isolated from a patient with encephalopathy in Japan*
Authors: Shiraishi Kyoko , Lindstrom Stephen E. , Saito Takehiko , Shinjoh Masayoshi , Nerome Reiko , Funatsumaru Sadayuki , Nerome Kuniaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn influenza B virus, B/Saga/S172/99 (SAG99), was isolated from the nasopharynx of a patient with encephalopathy/encephalitis in Japan in 1999. To clarify the molecular characteristics of this virus, detailed analysis of the gene segments coding for the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), matrix protein (M) and non‐structural protein (NS) was undertaken. All five genes of SAG99 showed high nucleotide and predicted amino acid similarities with those of recent non‐encephalopathic strains isolated in the same epidemic season. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that all five gene segments of SAG99 analyzed in the present study were most similar to those of the recent Yamagata/16/88‐like viruses. The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins of SAG99 were each distinguished from those of recent epidemic strains by one characteristic amino acid substitution. These substitutions were not found in the previously reported encephalopathy/encephalitis‐derived influenza B viruses, and we could not find any common characteristic amino acid changes in SAG99 and these viruses. Similarly, among the internal proteins studied, only the M2 protein of SAG99 was found to contain a single novel amino acid change when compared with other recent isolates. Thus, it was apparent that SAG99 contained very few amino acid differences when compared with other epidemic viruses. The association of recent B/Yamagata/16/88‐like viruses with encephalitis/encephalopathy observed in the present study and previously suggest that these viruses may have a higher potential for causing neurological complications in certain individuals. J. Med. Virol. 65:590–597, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paget disease of the breast—an easily overlooked disease?
Authors: Sheen‐Chen Shyr‐Ming , Chen Han‐Shiang , Chen Wei‐Jen , Eng Hock‐Liew , Sheen Chih‐Wei , Chou Fong‐Fu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPaget disease of the breast has long been recognized as a distinct clinical disease. The clinical manifestations and outcomes of Paget disease of the breast were reviewed to understand its earlier diagnostic clues and achieve an optimal treatment plan.Patients and MethodsThirty‐one patients with Paget disease of the breast were included in this study. The postoperative outcomes and possible related prognostic factors were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival was 69%. Nineteen patients (61%, Group A) did not have a palpable breast mass and 12 patients (39%, Group B) had a palpable breast mass. There was significant difference (P < 0.01) in the 5‐year overall survival between Group A (94%) and Group B (19%). Group A patients had significantly higher incidences of underlying noninvasive breast carcinoma (73% vs. 8%, P < 0.01) and n0 lymph nodes status (84%vs. 50%, P = 0.043) than those of Group B.ConclusionsPaget disease of the breast without a palpable breast mass carries a more favorable prognosis. Patients with any nipple complaints deserve a detailed evaluation even in the absence of a palpable breast mass in order not to overlook a favorable disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:261–265. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of two methods of reconstruction for primary malignant tumors at the knee: A sequential cohort study
Authors: Wunder Jay S. , Leitch Kellie , Griffin Anthony M. , Davis Aileen M. , Bell Robert S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the complications and functional outcome associated with the use of an irradiated allograft‐implant composite or a bone‐ingrowth modular tumor prosthesis for replacement of the knee joint after resection of a bone sarcoma from the distal femur or proximal tibia.MethodsEleven patients initially received an allograft reconstruction, followed by 64 treated with a tumor prosthesis. The primary analysis concerned reconstructive failure, defined by the requirement for removal of the original construct. Functional outcome was assessed by using the 1987 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society rating system.ResultsReconstructive failure occurred in 6 of 11 (55%) allograft constructs compared with 10 of 64 (16%) tumor prostheses (P = 0.009). Failures were due to infection (2 of 11 allografts versus 4 of 64 prostheses; P = 0.2) or mechanical complications (4 of 11 allograft fractures versus 5 of 64 broken prosthetic stems and 1 aseptically loose prosthesis; P = 0.03). The limb salvage rate was 95% (61 of 64) for patients with a tumor prosthesis compared with 64% (7 of 11) for those with an allograft (P = 0.007). Patients with a tumor prosthesis had a better functional outcome with a mean score of 75% compared with 57% for those with an allograft reconstruction (P = 0.006).ConclusionsThis comparative study suggests that limb salvage surgery at the knee has a better and more predictable outcome with a tumor prosthesis than with an allograft‐implant reconstruction. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:89–99. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult perineal sarcomas
Authors: Grobmyer Stephen R. , Clary Bryan , Lewis Jonathan J. , Delgado Ruby , Woodruff James M. , Brennan Murray F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrimary perineal sarcoma in adults is a rare disease that has only been documented to occur in isolated case reports.MethodsTo better characterize and define the natural history of perineal sarcoma in adults (≥ 18 years), we reviewed our experience with treatment of perineal sarcoma between 1982 and 1999 (nine cases).ResultsEpithelioid sarcoma (n = 4) was the most common histologic subtype. Seven cases (78%) were histologically high grade, and lesions were most commonly < 5 cm. All patients were treated with wide local excision. External beam radiation was the most commonly used form of adjuvant therapy (n = 6). Recurrences were noted in five patients, and the recurrences were most commonly local (60%). Median time to first recurrence was 21 months. Six of nine patients are alive with a median follow‐up of 54 months. Three died of recurrent/metastatic disease at 16, 51, and 54 months after initial surgery.ConclusionsAggressive therapy and follow‐up beginning with wide excision can be associated with long‐term survival in adults with primary perineal sarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:101–104. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diminished benefit from resection of cancer of the head of the pancreas in patients of advanced age
Authors: Bathe Oliver F. , Caldera Humberto , Hamilton Kara L. , Franceschi Dido , Sleeman Danny , Livingstone Alan S. , Levi Joe U. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing, and an increasing proportion of these patients is older than 65 years. The benefits of resection in the geriatric population, in whom major comorbidity is more likely, are poorly defined. The authors sought to determine the relative benefits of resection of cancer of the head of the pancreas in different age groups, with particular emphasis on the geriatric population.MethodsBetween 1983 and 1995, 273 patients presented to the University of Miami for evaluation of noncystic epithelial cancer of the head of the pancreas. Resection was performed in 104 patients, and these patients are the subject of this retrospective review. Mean length of follow‐up for surviving patients was 37 ± 24 months. Outcomes were compared in patients < 65 years old (group 1, n = 38), 65–74 years old (group 2, n = 47), and > 74 years old (group 3, n = 19).ResultsTotal pancreatectomy was performed in 12 patients and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 92 patients. The overall complication rate was similar in all groups, but major morbidity was highest in group 3 (P = 0.05). Median survival for patients in group 2 was 25.1 months. Survival was significantly shorter in patients from groups 1 and 3 (median survivals 12.4 months and 11.4 months, respectively; P = 0.02). Following control for Hispanic ethnicity, which was also a significant prognostic factor on univariate analysis, only the oldest age group had a significantly shorter survival than the other two groups. Age > 74 years and Hispanic ethnicity remained significant after multivariate analysis.ConclusionsLong‐term survival after resection is truncated in older patients. This finding and the observation that the major complication rate is higher in the older subgroup emphasize the need to evaluate critically whether older patients should be submitted to radical resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:115–122. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biologic basis and evolving role of aromatase inhibitors in the management of invasive carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Kuerer Henry M. , Buzdar Aman U. , Singletary S. Eva 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe most powerful predictor of the response of breast cancers to hormonal therapy is the presence of estrogen receptors in the tumor cells. Estrogen receptors are expressed in approximately 35–55% of all breast tumors but up to 80–90% of tumors from women older than 55 years.MethodsAt this time, tamoxifen remains the first‐line hormonal therapy for breast cancer of all stages. However, the aromatase inhibitors are evolving into an important treatment option. Aromatase inhibitors prevent the conversion of precursors (androgens) to estrogens.ResultsOn the basis of several randomized clinical trials, aromatase inhibitors have become established as the second‐line therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing during tamoxifen therapy. Furthermore, very recent trials support the use of these agents as first‐line therapy in place of tamoxifen.ConclusionsThe roles of the selective aromatase inhibitors in the prevention of breast cancer and in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of early‐stage breast cancer are the focus of several planned and ongoing large‐scale clinical trials. These trials will answer some of the many questions that remain regarding optimal hormonal therapy for hormone‐dependent breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:139–147. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic analysis of microvessels in colorectal tumors with respect to the formation of liver metastases
Authors: Yamamura Takuya , Tsukikawa Satoshi , Yamada Kyoji , Yamaguchi Susumu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOverexpression of VEGF and proliferation of microvessels are strongly related to liver metastases, however, morphologic analyses of microvessels in liver metastases have not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlation between liver metastases and the diameters of microvessel lumens in the tumor tissue.MethodsFifty‐nine patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancers and 112 patients who underwent curative colorectal resection and survived without any recurrence were reviewed. Microvessel density (MVD) and the diameters of the lumens of individual microvessels were assessed.ResultsThere was a significant difference in terms of the mean MVD of primary tumors between patients with liver metastases and those without liver metastases. The numbers of patients with liver metastases who had microvessels 100–200 μm in diameter and microvessels more than 200 μm in diameter were significantly greater than patients without liver metastases. Microvessels with lumens more than 100 μm in diameter were not detected in the liver metastatic lesion.ConclusionLarge microvessels in the primary tumor favor intravasation of cancer cells. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:259–264. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction of O(1D) with CF2HBr
Authors: Strekowski R. S. , Nicovich J. M. , Wine P. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA laser flash photolysis–resonance fluorescence technique has been employed to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of electronically excited oxygen atoms, O(1D), with CF2HBr. Absolute rate coefficients (k1) for the deactivation of O(1D) by CF2HBr have been measured as a function of temperature over the range 211–425 K. The results are well described by the Arrhenius expression k1(T) = 1.72 × 10−10 exp(+72/T) cm3molecule−1 s−1; the accuracy of each reported rate coefficient is estimated to be ±15% (2σ). The branching ratio for nonreactive quenching of O(1D) to the ground state, O(3P), is found to be 0.39 ± 0.06 independent of temperature, while the branching ratio for production of hydrogen atoms at 298 K is found to be 0.02−0.02+0.01. The above results are considered in conjunction with other published information to examine reactivity trends in O(1D) + CF2XY reactions (X,Y = H, F, Cl, Br). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 262–270, 2001
Laser treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates: A review
Authors: Janda Philip , Sroka Ronald , Baumgartner Reinhold , Grevers Gerhard , Leunig Andreas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSince the early 80s various types of lasers have been used for the reduction of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates. Up to now many studies have revealed a variety of important information. To summarize these findings and to determine the value of laser treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates, a comparative review of the literature was performed.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe study of the literature revealed that hyperplastic inferior turbinates of more than 2,000 patients have been treated and followed up. Treatment was performed with the CO2 (10,600 nm), diode (805/810/940 nm), Argon‐ion (488/514 nm), KTP (532 nm), Nd:YAG (1,064 nm), and Ho:YAG (2,080 nm) laser in more than 20 studies so far. Generally, the authors of the trials used different laser parameters (power, energy) and application modalities (contact, non‐contact, interstitial, superficial). To determine the long‐term results objective (active anterior rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, mucociliary function tests, allergy tests) as well as subjective parameters (questionnaire) were recorded and evaluated. In some cases morphological changes of the turbinate tissue were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsLaser surgery of inferior turbinates can be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia. Due to a minimally invasive and controllable coagulation and ablation of soft tissue, almost no complications or bleedings were observed during the operation or postoperatively. Depending on the chosen parameters (power, energy) and the application modalities (contact, non‐contact, superficial, interstitial) laser treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates achieved comparable or better results than most of the conventional techniques for turbinate surgery like conchotomy, electrocautery, cryotherapy, chemical cauterization, and vidian neurectomy. More invasive (radical) operative methods, such as inferior turbinoplasty, submucous turbinectomy, lateral outfracture, partial and total turbinectomy, seemed to be more effective than laser surgery in the long‐term.ConclusionsLaser treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates can be considered as a useful, cost‐effective, and time‐saving procedure for the reduction of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates. Short operation time, good results, and minor side effects compared to other surgical methods provide an excellent clinical response of the patients. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:404–413, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis of circulating platelet activation during coronary angioplasty
Authors: Christov Alexander , Kostuk William J. , Jablonsky George , Lucas Alexandra 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePlatelet activation during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) initiates thrombus formation and plaque regrowth at sites of arterial injury, limiting procedure efficacy. We have developed a simple assay for circulating platelet activation based on fluorescence analysis of membrane fluidity and intracellular calcium concentration and light scattering analysis of platelet aggregation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPlatelet activation state was measured in 45 patients undergoing angioplasty, before and after treatment with platelet inhibitors.ResultsPTCA alone produced a decrease in pyrene dimer formation (P0.0083) and an increase in light scattering at 650 nm (P0.0128). Treatment with ADP and GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists reduced PTCA induced changes in pyrene dimer formation. An unexpected decrease in pyrene dimer formation (P0.05) was detected when the GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist was given together with an ADP receptor antagonist.Conclusions1) Analysis of membrane fluidity provides a sensitive marker for platelet activation state. 2) Reduced membrane fluidity after combined platelet inhibitor treatments suggests reduced antiplatelet efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:414–426, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser solder welding of articular cartilage: Tensile strength and chondrocyte viability
Authors: Züger B.J. , Ott B. , Mainil‐Varlet P. , Schaffner Th. , Clémence J.‐F. , Weber H.P. , Frenz M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe surgical treatment of full‐thickness cartilage defects in the knee joint remains a therapeutic challenge. Recently, new techniques for articular cartilage transplantation, such as mosaicplasty, have become available for cartilage repair. The long‐term success of these techniques, however, depends not only on the chondrocyte viability but also on a lateral integration of the implant. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cartilage welding by using albumin solder that was dye‐enhanced to allow coagulation with 808‐nm laser diode irradiation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsConventional histology of light microscopy was compared with a viability staining to precisely determine the extent of thermal damage after laser welding. Indocyanine green (ICG) enhanced albumin solder (25% albumin, 0.5% HA, 0.1% ICG) was used for articular cartilage welding. For coagulation, the solder was irradiated through the cartilage implant by 808‐nm laser light and the tensile strength of the weld was measured.ResultsViability staining revealed a thermal damage of typically 500 m in depth at an irradiance of ∼10 W/cm2 for 8 seconds, whereas conventional histologies showed only half of the extent found by the viability test. Heat‐bath investigations revealed a threshold temperature of minimum 54C for thermal damage of chondrocytes. Efficient cartilage bonding was obtained by using bovine albumin solder as adhesive. Maximum tensile strength of more than 10 N/cm2 was achieved.ConclusionsViability tests revealed that the thermal damage is much greater (up to twice) than expected after light microscopic characterization. This study shows the feasibility to strongly laser weld cartilage on cartilage by use of a dye‐enhanced albumin solder. Possibilities to reduce the range of damage are suggested. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:427–434, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser pulse impact on rat mesenteric blood vessels in relation to laser treatment of port wine stain
Authors: Verkruysse Wim , Beek Johan F , VanBavel Ed , van Gemert Martin JC , Spaan Jos AE 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo study the impact of laser pulses on animal microvasculature as a model for laser treatment of port wine stains.Study Design/Materials and MethodsRat mesenteric blood vessels were irradiated with a laser pulse (585 nm, 0.2–0.6 ms pulse duration, 0.5–30 J/cm2 radiant exposure). Video microscopy was used to assess vessel dilation, formation of intravascular thrombi, bubble formation, and vessel rupture. Changes in reflection during a laser pulse were measured by simultaneously recording the temporal behavior of the incident and reflected signals.ResultsA threshold radiant exposure of approximately 3 J/cm2 was found for changes in optical properties of blood in vivo, confirming previous in vitro results. Often, laser exposure induced a significant increase in vessel diameter, up to three times the initial diameter for venules and four times for arterioles, within 200 ms after laser exposure. Arterioles were more likely to dilate than venules. Sometimes, immediately after the pulse, round structures, interpreted as being gas bubbles, were seen within the vessel lumen.ConclusionsA variety of phenomena can occur when blood vessels of sizes comparable to those in port wine stains are irradiated with laser pulses as used in port wine stain treatment. Thrombus formation and vessel rupture have been described before from histological sections of laser‐irradiated port wine stains. However, vessel dilation and formation of non‐transient gas bubbles as found in this study have not been described before. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:461–468, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An analysis of heat removal during cryogen spray cooling and effects of simultaneous airflow application
Authors: Torres Jorge H. , Tunnell James W. , Pikkula Brian M. , Anvari Bahman 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a method used to protect the epidermis from non‐specific thermal injury that may occur as a result of various dermatological laser procedures. However, better understanding of cryogen deposition and skin thermal response to CSC is needed to optimize the technique.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTemperature measurements and video imaging were carried out on an epoxy phantom as well as human skin during CSC with and without simultaneous application of airflow which was intended to accelerate cryogen evaporation from the substrate surface. An inverse thermal conduction model was used to estimate heat flux and total heat removed.ResultsLifetime of the cryogen film deposited on the surface of skin and epoxy phantom lasted several hundred milliseconds beyond the spurt, but could be reduced to the spurt duration by application of airflow. Values over 100 J/cm3 were estimated for volumetric heat removed from the epidermis using CSC.Conclusions“Film cooling” instead of “evaporative cooling” appears to be the dominant mode of CSC on skin. Estimated values of heat removed from the epidermis suggest that a cryogen spurt as long as 200 milliseconds is required to counteract heat generated by high laser fluences (e.g., in treatment of port wine stains) in patients with high concentration of epidermal melanin. Additional cooling beyond spurt termination can be avoided by simultaneous application of airflow, although it is unclear at the moment if avoiding the additional cooling would be beneficial in the actual clinical situation. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:477–486, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Route to Smart Core‐Shell Polymeric Microgels: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Leung Man Fai , Zhu Junmin , Harris Frank W. , Li Pei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: A new method has been developed to prepare smart polymeric microgels that consist of well‐defined temperature‐sensitive cores with pH‐sensitive shells. The microgels were obtained directly from aqueous graft copolymerizations of N‐isopropylacrylamide and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide from water‐soluble polymers containing amino groups such as poly(ethyleneimine) and chitosan. The gel diameters ranged from 300 to 400 nm. The unique core‐shell nanostructures, which had narrow size distributions, exhibited tuneable responses to pH and temperature.Transmission electron micrograph of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/chitosan core‐shell microgels.imageTransmission electron micrograph of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/chitosan core‐shell microgels.