bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to the Mass Media, Body Shape Concerns, and Use of Supplements to Improve Weight and Shape Among Male and Female Adolescents
Authors: Field Alison E. , Austin S. Bryn , Camargo Carlos A. , Taylor C. Barr , Striegel-Moore Ruth H. , Loud Keith J. , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: August 2005

Objective. To assess the prevalence and correlates of products used to improve weight and shape among male and female adolescents.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 6212 girls and 4237 boys who were 12 to 18 years of age and enrolled in the ongoing Growing Up Today Study. The outcome measure was at least weekly use of any of the following products to improve appearance, muscle mass, or strength: protein powder or shakes, creatine, amino acids/hydroxy methylbutyrate (HMB), dehydroepiandrosterone, growth hormone, or anabolic/injectable steroids.
Results. Approximately 4.7% of the boys and 1.6% of the girls used protein powder or shakes, creatine, amino acids/HMB, dehydroepiandrosterone, growth hormone, or anabolic/injectable steroids at least weekly to improve appearance or strength. In multivariate models, boys and girls who thought a lot about wanting more defined muscles (boys: odds ratio [OR]: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.2; girls: OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–3.2) or were trying to gain weight (boys: OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 2.0–4.6; girls: OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.6–11.4) were more likely than their peers to use these products. In addition, boys who read men’s, fashion, or health/fitness magazines (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1–4.9) and girls who were trying to look like women in the media (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4–4.0) were significantly more likely than their peers to use products to improve appearance or strength, but hours per week watching television, watching sports on television, and participation in team sports were not independently associated with using products to improve appearance or muscle mass.
Conclusions. Girls and boys who frequently thought about wanting toned or well-defined muscles were at increased risk for using potentially unhealthful products to enhance their physique. These results suggest that just as girls may resort to unhealthful means to achieve a low body weight, girls and boys may also resort to unhealthful means to achieve other desired physiques.
Unworried Parents of Well Children: A Look at Uninsured Children Who Reportedly Do Not Need Health Insurance
Authors: Blumberg Stephen J. , O'Connor Kathleen S. , Kenney Genevieve 
Published: August 2005

Objectives. We examined the characteristics of uninsured children from low-income households whose parents reported that health insurance coverage was not needed.Methods. With data from the 2001 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs, we used logistic-regression analyses to investigate the odds of reporting that uninsured children do not need insurance for various sociodemographic groups and children of varying health status. We also explored the odds of health care use, awareness of Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and desire to enroll according to the reported need for insurance.Results. Parents of 6.8% of uninsured children from low-income households reported that their children did not need insurance. Rates were highest for American Indian/Alaska Native children (15.2%) and children whose parents completed the interview in a non-English language (10.6%). Rates were lowest for children with special health care needs (2.8%) and children with ≥7 school absences attributable to illness or injury in the past year (2.6%). Relative to children with another reason for lacking insurance, children who reportedly did not need insurance were less likely to have needed (adjusted odds ratio: 0.49) or used (adjusted odds ratio: 0.45) health care services in the past year and their parents were less likely to have heard of Medicaid or SCHIP (adjusted odds ratio: 0.58) or to have a desire to enroll their children if their children were eligible for Medicaid or SCHIP (adjusted odds ratio: 0.25).Conclusions. Increasing participation among uninsured children whose parents do not perceive a need for insurance coverage may require more than simply increasing knowledge about the availability of public insurance programs.
Leadership Trends in Academic Pediatric Departments
Authors: Stapleton F. Bruder , Jones Douglas , Fiser Debra H. 
Published: August 2005

Objective. To examine recent turnover trends among chairs of academic pediatric departments.
Methods. Membership data for the 150 institutions represented by the Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairs in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico were reviewed for the time period of 1993–2003.
Results. From 1993 to 2003, 278 individuals (250 men and 28 women) held the position of chair. The mean time of service was 5.58 ± 3.2 years (median: 5 years). Twenty-nine individuals served continuously as chairs during the 11-year period. Seventy-two individuals served as interim chairs. Twenty-eight women were appointed either chairs or interim chairs during the 11 years. The number of female chairs decreased from 13 in 1993 to 11 in 2003. Female chairs were in office 3.42 ± 2.72 years. A total of 123 departments had a change in leadership, with a mean annual turnover rate of 17% (range: 4.6–24%). Three departments had 5 different leaders as either interim chair or chair and 6 departments had 4 different leaders during this time period. Neonatology was the most common subspecialty represented by recent pediatric chairs, although nephrology was the subspecialty with the greatest proportional representation.
Conclusions. Departments of pediatrics have high turnover of leadership. Women, in particular, serve for relatively short periods and appear to be under-represented within the leadership of pediatrics. Efforts should be made to ascertain personal qualities that allow sustained leadership and to attract more women into leadership positions.
Late Neurologic and Cognitive Sequelae of Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury in Infancy
Authors: Barlow Karen M. , Thomson Elaine , Johnson David , Minns Robert A. 
Published: August 2005

Objective. There is limited information regarding the long-term outcome of inflicted traumatic brain injury (TBI), including shaken infant syndrome. The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term neurologic, behavioral, and cognitive sequelae seen in this population.Methods. A cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal study was conducted of 25 children with inflicted TBI in Scotland between 1980 and 1999. After consent was obtained, neurologic and cognitive examinations were performed on all participants and sequentially in the prospective cohort. Two global outcome measures were used: Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and Seshia’s outcome score. Cognitive outcome was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, British Ability Scales, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales.Results. The mean length of follow-up was 59 months. A total of 68% of survivors were abnormal on follow-up, 36% had severe difficulties and were totally dependant, 16% had moderate difficulties, and 16% had mild difficulties on follow-up. A wide range of neurologic sequelae were seen, including motor deficits (60%), visual deficits (48%), epilepsy (20%), speech and language abnormalities (64%), and behavioral problems (52%). There was a wide range of cognitive abilities: the mean psychomotor index, 69.9 (SD: ±25.73); and mean mental development index, 74.53 (SD: ±28.55). Adaptive functioning showed a wide range of difficulties across all domains: communication domain (mean: 76.1; SD: ±25.4), Daily living skills domain (mean: 76.9; SD: ±24.3), and socialization domain (mean: 79.1; SD: ±23.1). Outcome was found to correlate with the Pediatric Trauma Score and the Glasgow Coma Score but did not correlate with age at injury or mechanism of injury.Conclusions. Inflicted TBI has a very poor prognosis and correlates with severity of injury. Extended follow-up is necessary so as not to underestimate problems such as specific learning difficulties and attentional and memory problems that may become apparent only once the child is in school. Behavioral problems are present in 52% and begin to manifest clinically between the second and third years of life, although the consequences of frontal lobe injury may be underestimated unless follow-up is extended into adolescence and early adulthood.
Functional Screening in the Melanophore Bioassay
Authors: Jayawickreme Channa , Sauls Howard , Watson Chris , Moncol David , Rimele Thomas , Kenakin Terry 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe melanophore bioassay is a robust, sensitive, and versatile procedure for screening G
protein–coupled receptors in a variety of formats. Because melanophores contain a wide variety of G
proteins, they can be employed as a sensitive, real‐time response system for studying transfected
receptors and for defining equilibria for drug effects. This assay can be run in 96‐well microtiter
plates or in open‐lawn 1536 format, and can yield conventional agonist‐antagonist as well as
constitutive assays.
Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Ema Hideo , Morita Yohei , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Matsuzaki Yumi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractProtocols for the purification of CD34−KSL cells, CD34+KSL cells, SP cells, and Tip‐SP CD34−KSL cells are described. Mouse hematopoietic stem cells are highly enriched in the CD34−KSL and SP fractions. These two populations overlap one another. A nearly homogenous population of HSCs can be obtained by isolating Tip‐SP CD34−KSL cells. One of the earliest progenitor cell populations is CD34+KSL cells.
Differentiation of Peripheral Blood Monocytes into Dendritic Cells
Authors: O'Neill David W. , Bhardwaj Nina 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen‐presenting cells (APC) that are important in the initiation and control of cellular immune responses. Commonly used in T cell–stimulation experiments, DCs are typically “matured” in vitro with microbial products or proinflammatory cytokines, and then loaded with antigens from any number of sources, including peptides, whole proteins, cell lysates, RNA, microbes, or killed tumor cells. This unit presents a simple and commonly used method for the generation of mature human dendritic cells—differentiating them from peripheral blood monocytes.
Rhodium Complexes Non‐Covalently Bound to Cyclodextrins: Novel Water‐Soluble Supramolecular Catalysts for the Biphasic Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins
Authors: Sueur Benoît , Leclercq Loïc , Sauthier Mathieu , Castanet Yves , Mortreux André , Bricout Hervé , Tilloy Sébastien , Monflier Eric 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new class of cationic α‐cyclodextrins bearing 2‐hydroxy‐3‐trimethylammoniopropyl groups has been synthesised. We investigated their efficiency as mass‐transfer promoters in a biphasic hydroformylation reaction catalysed by a rhodium trisulfonated triphenylphosphine system. These cationic α‐cyclodextrins greatly increased the reaction rate, the chemoselectivity, and, surprisingly, the linear‐to‐branched aldehyde ratio. We attributed this unexpected enhancement of the linear‐to‐branched aldehyde ratio to the in situ formation of new catalytic supramolecular species obtained by ion‐exchange between the catalyst ligand and the cationic α‐cyclodextrins.
Total Synthesis of Halipeptins: Isolation of Halipeptin D and Synthesis of Oxazoline Halipeptin Analogues
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Schlawe Daniel , Kim David W. , Longbottom Deborah A. , de Noronha Rita G. , Lizos Dimitrios E. , Manam Rama Rao , Faulkner D. John 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe isolation from the marine sponge Leiosella cf. arenifibrosa and structural elucidation of halipeptin D (5), a relative of the previously isolated halipeptins A–C (1–3), is described along with the total synthesis of a number of oxazoline analogues (7 a–d and epi‐7 c–d). The developed synthetic strategy provides a flexible entry into the various isomers of the polyketide domain of the halipeptins and improvises for a late stage construction of the oxazoline ring after a macrolactamization process which secures the required macrocycle.
Non‐Covalent Aggregation of Discrete Metallo‐Supramolecular Helicates into Higher Assemblies by Aromatic Pathways: Structural and Chemical Studies of New Aniline‐Based Neutral Metal(II) Dihelicates
Authors: Vázquez Miguel , Bermejo Manuel R. , Licchelli Maurizio , González‐Noya Ana M. , Pedrido Rosa M. , Sangregorio Claudio , Sorace Lorenzo , García‐Deibe Ana M. , Sanmartín J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNeutral manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes with an N‐tosyl‐substituted N4‐donor Schiff base containing a 4,4'‐methylenedianiline residue as spacer [H2La: N,N'‐bis(2‐tosylaminobenzylidene)‐4,4'‐methylenedianiline], and the zinc(II) complex with an analogous ligand [H2Lb: N,N'‐bis(2‐tosylaminobenzylidene)‐4,4'‐oxodianiline] have been prepared by an electrochemical procedure. FAB and ESI mass spectra of the complexes show peaks due to species corresponding to a general formula [M2(La,b)2 + H]+, thereby suggesting their dinuclear nature. A detailed study of the crystal packing in the unit cell of the zinc(II) complex with H2La shows that the helicates aggregate to form discrete prismatic moieties containing three molecules held together by π–π and σ–π interactions. Moreover, the ZnII neutral dihelicate with H2Lb forms a 3D network in the solid state due to intermolecular π‐stacking interactions. 1H NMR studies of the diamagnetic compounds reported herein have been performed. Finally, the ligand H2La and its ZnII and CdII complexes have been studied by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric techniques in order to get a better understanding of the formation mechanisms of the complexes and of the nature of their fluorescence emission. Emission studies show that the ZnII and CdII dihelicates with H2La display a green fluorescence in acetonitrile solution (λ = 473 nm, Φ = 0.03 and λ = 476 nm, Φ = 0.01, respectively). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Density Functional Study of Homo‐ and Heteropolyhalide Complexes of CuII with Dien and Dpta Ligands: Crystal Structure of [Bis(3‐aminopropyl)amine](bromo)(diiodobromo)copper(II)
Authors: Chaviara Aikaterini T. , Tsipis Athanasios C. , Cox Philip J. , Bolos Christos A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPolyhalide mononuclear [CuX(L)(XY2)] and dinuclear [{CuX(L)}2(μ‐XY2X)] CuII complexes [L = diethylenetriamine (dien) or dipropylenetriamine (dpta); X = Cl, Br and Y = Br, I] have been obtained by treating the precursor [CuX2(L)] complexes with Br2 or I2 in 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratios. The new homo‐ and heteropolyhalide CuII complexes, either mononuclear or dinuclear, were predicted to be five‐coordinate CuII complexes exhibiting a distorted square‐pyramidal configuration. DFT calculations at the B3LYP level of theory provided a satisfactory description of the structures of all complexes, while the distorted square‐pyramidal structure of a representative complex, namely [CuBr(dpta)(BrI2)], was further substantiated by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. In the square‐pyramidal structure of [CuBr(dpta)(BrI2)], the basal plane of the pyramid involves three Cu–N contacts [1.990(7), 2.065(7), and 1.989(7) Å] from dpta and the Br(1) atom, while Br(2), which participates in the formation of the terminal [BrI2]– ligand, occupies the apical position. The Cu–Br(1) and Cu–Br(2) bond lengths were found to be 2.5797(14) Å (terminal) and 2.735(14) Å (bridging), respectively, while the Br1–Cu–Br2 bond angle is 98.83(5)°. The terminal [BrI2]– ligand is almost linear [Br–I–I bond angle of 174.48(3)°]. DFT calculations, spectroscopic measurements, including far‐IR and EPR studies, and magnetic measurements of the dinuclear complexes predict that the bridging tetrahalide XY2X moiety adopts a linear configuration as well. The bonding, electronic, and related properties of the complexes are also discussed in the framework of density functional theory. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Novel Structure Evolution of Lanthanide–SIP Coordination Polymers (NaH2SIP = 5‐Sulfoisophthalic Acid Monosodium Salt) from a 1D Chain to a 3D Network as a Consequence of the Lanthanide Contraction Effect
Authors: Liu Qing‐Yan , Xu Li 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe new series of lanthanide–SIP coordination polymers [{Ln(SIP)(H2O)5}(H2O)3]n (Ln = Lu (1), Yb (2), Tm (3), and Er (4)], [{Ln(SIP)(H2O)4}]n (Ln = Ho (5), Dy (6), Tb (7), Sm (8), Pr (9), and Nd (10)], and [{La(SIP)(H2O)3}(H2O)]n (11), have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of Ln2O3 and 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH2SIP) at 160 °C and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The unprecedented three structure types ongoing from LuIII to LaIII have been established: type I for the small ions, Lu, Yb, Tm, and Er; type II for the medium ions including Ho, Dy, Tb, Sm, Pr, and Nd; and type III for the largest La ion. Type I adopts a one‐dimensional zigzag chain‐like structure, type II exhibits a two‐dimensional undulate layer structure, and type III features a two‐dimensional double‐layer pillared by sulfonate groups to form a three‐dimensional open framework. The progressive structural changes from type I to type II and to type III with increasing atomic number were rationalized by the effect of the lanthanide contraction. Their spectroscopic properties and thermal stability were also investigated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
An Unusual 3D Interdigitated Architecture Self‐Assembled from Sidearm‐Containing 2D Bilayer Motifs with a Cuboidal Framework
Authors: Wang Xin‐Long , Qin Chao , Wang En‐Bo , Xu Lin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe new complex [Zn(H2bptc)(bpy)]·0.5bpdo (1) [H4bptc = 3,3',4,4'‐biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, bpy = 4,4'‐bipyridine, and bpdo = 4,4'‐bipyridine N,N'‐dioxide] has been synthesized and characterized. It exhibits a novel (2D→3D) interdigitated architecture that is obtained for the first time from the self‐assembly of sidearm‐containing bilayer motifs with a cuboidal framework, in which each cuboidal box of one bilayer is interdigitated by two arms that belong to two adjacent bilayers. The luminescent properties of 1 are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Impact of wildfires on surface water repellency in soils of northwest Spain
Authors: Varela M. E. , Benito E. , de Blas E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSoil water repellency (hydrophobicity) is a naturally occurring phenomenon that can be intensified by soil heating during fires. Fire‐induced water repellency, together with the loss of plant cover, is reportedly the principal source of increased surface runoff and accelerated erosion in burned soils.In this study, the surface water repellency of several soils affected by summer forest fires in northwest Spain was studied and compared with that of adjacent unburned soils. Soil water repellency was determined using the ethanol percentage test (MED).Most of the unburned soil samples exhibited water repellency that ranged from strong to very strong; only four of the unburned soil samples were non‐repellent. Water repellency in the unburned soils was significantly correlated with the organic carbon content (r = 0·64, p < 0·05). Overall, fires increased the surface water repellency in soils with previously low degrees of water repellency and caused little change in that of originally strongly hydrophobic soils.In order to examine in detail the changes in water repellency with temperature, three unburned soil samples were subjected to a controlled heating program. Water repellency increased between 25 and 220 °C, water repellency peaked between 220 and 240 °C and disappeared above 260–280 °C. Extrapolation of the results of the heating tests to field conditions suggested that the intensity of fire (temperature and time of residence) reached by most soils during fires is not too high. Based on the results, the determination of water repellency could be used as a simple test for the indirect estimation of the intensity levels reached on the soil surface during a fire. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of ENSO‐influence on the monthly precipitation in South Korea
Authors: Jin Y.‐H. , Kawamura A. , Jinno K. , Berndtsson R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDuring the latest several decades, there has been considerable interest in revealing the relationship between El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) and hydro‐meteorological variables. The oscillation is characterized by a simple index, the southern oscillation index (SOI). However, thus far, there is little evidence for the influence of ENSO in Korea and Japan. The influence of ENSO has also been studied in South Korea, but the estimated results are still qualitative and show an indirect relationship between ENSO and hydro‐meteorological variables. In this study we use simple approaches to reveal the quantitative and direct correlation between SOI and the monthly precipitation at five stations distributed over South Korea. The monthly precipitation data are transformed into nonexceedance probability time series because the data cannot be normally distributed by applying the usual transformations. The SOI is classified into five categories according to their values. Additionally, to detect the nonlinear relationship between categorized SOI and nonexceedance probability of the monthly precipitation, we use Kendall's τ, a nonparametric test. Significant correlations between the categorized SOI and the transformed precipitation are detected. Generally, the monthly precipitation is influenced by a La Niña event with a lag time of 4 months for southern coastal areas and a lag time of 5 months for middle to high regions in South Korea. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydraulic characteristics of a small Coastal Plain stream of the southeastern United States: effects of hydrology and season
Authors: Jin Hwa‐Seong , Ward G. Milton 
Published: August 2005

AbstractVarious physical and biological properties affect solute transport patterns in streams. We measured hydraulic characteristics of Payne Creek, a low‐gradient upper Coastal Plain stream, using tracer experiments and parameter estimation with OTIS‐P (one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage with parameter optimization). The primary objective of this study was to estimate the effects of varying discharge, season, and litter accumulation on hydraulic parameters. Channel area A ranged from 0·081 to 0·371 m2 and transient storage area As ranged from 0·027 to 0·111 m2. Dispersion D ranged from 1·5 to 11·1 m2 min−1 and exchange coefficient α ranged from 0·009 to 0·038 min−1. Channel area and dispersion were positively correlated to discharge Q, whereas storage area and exchange coefficient were not. Relative storage size As/A ranged from 0·17 to 0·59, and was higher during fall than other seasons under a similar Q. The fraction of median travel time due to transient storage $F_{\rm med}^{200}$ ranged from 8·8 to 34·5% and was significantly correlated with Q through a negative power function. Both metrics indicated that transient storage was a significant component affecting solute transport in Payne Creek, especially during the fall. Comparison between the measured channel area Ac and A suggested that surface storage was dominant in Payne Creek. During fall, accumulation of leaf litter resulted in larger A and As and lower velocity and D than during other seasons with similar discharge. Seasonal changes in discharge and organic matter accumulation, and dynamic channel morphology affected the magnitude of transient storage and overall hydraulic characteristics of Payne Creek. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.