bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Flow Patterns and Particle Settling Velocity in a Taylor-Couette Cell Using Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle Tracking Velocimetry
Authors: Velez Andres F. , Kalaga Dinesh V. , Kawaji Masahiro 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Controlling the downhole pressure is an important parameter for successful and safe drilling operations. Several types of weighting agents (i.e., high-density particles), traditionally barite particles, are added to maintain the desired density of the drilling fluid (DF). The DF density is an important design parameter for preventing multiple drilling complications. These issues are caused by the settling of the dense particles, an undesired phenomenon also referred to as sagging. Therefore, there is a need to understand the settling characteristics of heavy particles in such scenarios. To this end, simultaneous measurements of liquid phase flow patterns and particle settling velocities have been conducted in a Taylor-Couette (TC) cell with a rotating inner cylinder and stationary outer cylinder separated by an annular gap of 9.0 mm. Liquid flow patterns and particle settling velocities have been measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) techniques, respectively. Experiments have been performed by varying the rotational speed of the inner cylinder up to 200 rev/min, which is used in normal drilling operations. Spherical particles with diameters of 3.0 mm or 4.0 mm and densities between 1.2 g/cm3 and 3.95 g/cm3 were used. The liquid phases studied included deionized (DI) water and mineral oil, which are the basic components of a non-Newtonian DF with a shear-thinning viscosity. The DF is a mud-like emulsion of opaque appearance, which impedes the ability to observe the liquid flow field and particle settling in the TC cell. To address this issue, a solution of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a 6% weight concentration in DI water was used. This non-Newtonian solution displays shear-thinning rheological behavior and was used as a transparent alternative to the opaque DF. For water, PIV results have shown wavy vortex flow (WVF) to turbulent Taylor vortex flow (TTVF), which agrees with the flow patterns reported in the literature. For mineral oil, circular Couette flow (CCF) was observed at up to 100 rev/min and vortex formation at 200 rev/min. For CMC, no vortex formation was observed up to 200 rev/min, only CCF. The settling velocities for all particles in water matched with the particle settling velocities predicted using the Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen (BBO) equation of motion. For mineral oil and CMC, the results did not match well with the predicted settling velocities, especially for heavy particles due possibly to the radial particle migration and interactions with the outer cylinder wall.
Understanding Higher-order Constructs of Leadership and Communication in EMS Clinical Judgment
Authors: Gugiu Mihaiela R. , Cotto Jennifer , Burgess Yin , Powell Jonathan , Panchal Ashish R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: For emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians, clinical judgment is a higher-order construct that encompasses the initial thought process (clinical reasoning) that assists clinicians in reaching conclusions (clinical decision making). Current theoretical frameworks of clinical judgment contain other higher order constructs (e.g., leadership, communication) which may play a significant role in delivery of care. It is unknown whether this definition of clinical judgment does include additional higher order constructs of leadership and communication. The goal of this evaluation was to determine whether leadership and communication overlap and are subsumed under the larger construct of clinical judgment.
METHODS: Focus groups of experts in prehospital paramedic and advanced emergency medical technician levels of certification were recruited to generate tasks and their associated knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) in for the domains of clinical judgment, communication, and leadership. These tasks and KSAs were then evaluated for commonality between the domains to evaluate whether communication and leadership are incorporated within clinical judgment.
RESULTS: Task-KSA matrices were generated by focus groups for each domain and evaluated by certification level. There were no differences by certification level in the tasks-KSA matrices for the domains. A total of 77 tasks were identified, comprised of 392 KSAs across three domains (9 sub-domains). An analysis of commonality of tasks between the domains of communication and leadership with clinical judgment demonstrated that 61% of communication tasks were similar to the identified clinical judgment tasks. Similarly, in leadership, clinical judgment had a total of 79% commonality overall.
CONCLUSION: Clinical judgment was found to be a higher order construct that overlaps with and incorporates the domains of leadership and communication in the theoretical framework of EMS clinical judgment. This study provides validity evidence for the proposed clinical judgment theoretical framework. Future work should focus on pilot evaluations in simulated settings for building additional construct validity.
The real prevalence and clinical courses of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A retrospective single-institutional study
Authors: Takamori Hajime , Goto Takayuki , Kashima Soki , Yoshino Takayuki , Ogata Takashi , Aizawa Rihito , Nakamura Kiyonao , Sano Takeshi , Sawada Atsuro , Akamatsu Shusuke , Yamasaki Toshinari , Inoue Takahiro , Mizowaki Takashi , Ogawa Osamu , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The real prevalence and clinical course of patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively examined the prevalence of nmCRPC in patients who were treated for localized prostate cancer at a single institution.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated the clinical records of 1,929 patients who were treated for localized prostate cancer between 2005 and 2018. From this population, we counted patients who progressed to nmCRPC. We summarized the characteristics of nmCRPC patients, including the duration from initial diagnosis to nmCRPC and from nmCRPC to mCRPC or death. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to analyze overall and metastasis-free survival.
Results
We identified 22 nmCRPC patients among 1,929 patients who were initially treated at our institution and a further 23 nmCRPC patients who were initially treated at other institutions. The median time from the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer to the diagnosis of nmCRPC was 5.9 years (range, 0.2–19.1 years). Median metastasis-free and overall survival from the diagnosis of nmCRPC was 5.2 and 6.3 years, respectively.
Conclusion
A detailed investigation of patients with localized prostate cancer who were treated at our institution revealed that only 1.1% of them progressed to nmCRPC during the median follow-up period of 5.5 years. Their clinical courses were long, and the length of treatment duration varied remarkably among cases.
Frequency-dependent squeezing for gravitational-wave detection through quantum teleportation
Authors: Nishino Yohei , Danilishin Stefan , Enomoto Yutaro , Zhang Teng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors are highly precise sensors for weak forces, limited in sensitivity across their detection band by quantum fluctuations of light. Current and future instruments address this limitation by injecting frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum into the detection port, utilizing narrow-band, low-loss optical cavities for optimal rotation of the squeezing ellipse at each signal frequency. This study introduces a novel scheme employing the principles of quantum teleportation and entangled states of light. It allows achieving broadband suppression of quantum noise in detuned signal recycled-Fabry-Perot--Michelson interferometers, which is the baseline design of the low-frequency detector within the Einstein Telescope xylophone detector, without requiring additional filter cavities or modifications to the core optics of the main interferometer.
Clinical acceptability of metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures fabricated with laser sintering technique: An up to 7- year retrospective clinical study
Authors: Öge Selin Çelik , Kahraman Öykü Ceren , Özkul Başar , Uçar Yurdanur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the clinical success of laser sintered metal-ceramic restorations throughout several time periods, including the short, medium, and long term.
Materials and methods Participants who had 3-unit metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures fabricated by laser sintering in the mandibular posterior region between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated. The FDI criteria were used to evaluate the esthetic, functional, and biological clinical acceptability of the patients who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for all data. IBM SPSS 25 computer software was used to perform statistics.
Results A total of 52 patients (21 male, 31 female) were examined retrospectively on their 1, 3, 5, and 7-year period and the overall survival rate was recorded as %92.3. The fracture category yielded a total score of 1.29, and the marginal adaptation category yielded a total score of 1.59. On average, it was determined that all parameters were within clinically acceptable values.
Conclusions Based on the results, clinical outcomes of posterior metal-ceramic FPDs made with CAD/CAM based laser-sintering technology were very encouraging, suggesting that this unique technique could be used in place of the conventional lost wax technique.
Clinical relevance The use of this digital framework production method has yielded favorable outcomes by minimizing the drawbacks associated with conventional methods. Consequently, it facilitates a decrease in operational time, stages, and costs.
Trial Registration Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT06242639
Hyper ideals in Hyper hoop-algebra
Authors: Alemayehu Teferi Getachew , Norahun Wondosen Zemene , Engidaw Derso Abeje , Addis Gezahagne Mulate , Belayneh Berhanu Bekele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce (strong) hyper ideals in hyper hoops and investigate some basic properties. Also, we study the quotient structure that are made by absorptive strong hyper ideal. More over, we study (strong) hyper implicative ideals and some basic properties.
MSC Classification: 03G25, 20N20, 14L17, 97H50
Inactivated Influenza Vaccines or Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines? Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Influenza Vaccine Type Preferences during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liao Qiuyan , YUAN Jiehu , Li Lan , Dong Meihong , So Hau Chi , Cowling Benjamin , Ip Dennis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) significantly reduces influenza-related illnesses among school-aged children, yet parental vaccine hesitancy remains a persistent challenge. Two types of SIV are available for children in Hong Kong and other locations: inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), administered through intramuscular injection, and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), administered via nasal spray. While injection or needle fears are important barriers to childhood vaccination uptake, little research has explored how vaccine hesitancy can shape parental preference for LAIV versus IIV, particularly amidst important public health events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the massive rollout of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. Our study employs a concurrent mixed-methods design to address this gap comprehensively. The quantitative part involves longitudinal surveys spanning three years, from pre-pandemic to post-pandemic periods, tracking parental vaccine hesitancy and preference for SIV types. The qualitative part involves 48 in-depth interviews, providing in-depth insights into parental preference for SIV types, underlying reasons, and corresponding values. Our quantitative analyses revealed an overall increase in parental vaccine hesitancy and preference for LAIV over IIV after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and especially after the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Further logistic regression modelling based on the cohort data showed that higher vaccine hesitancy, coupled with the COVID-19 vaccination campaign rollout, predicts a greater preference for LAIV over IIV. The qualitative analysis complements these results, highlighting that LAIV’s non-invasive nature aligns with parental values of prioritizing natural immunity and concerns about overmedication. Consequently, hesitant parents perceive LAIV as less intrusive and more acceptable, emphasizing the need for future tailored risk communication. Leveraging the higher acceptability of LAIV compared to IIV among parents with high vaccine hesitancy could promote childhood vaccination uptake.
WITHDRAWN: Near-full-length genomic sequences of two novel HIV-1 recombinant forms identified in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhao Feng , Chen Sisi , Shi Haoxi , Shi Penghui , Fan Weiguang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In recent years, homosexual contact has been the most common transmission route of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Hebei, China. In this study, we identified two novel HIV-1 unique recombinant forms (URFs) that originated from CRF01_AE/C (sample ID: BDL120) and subtypes B/C (sample ID: BDX016) among men who have sex with men(MSM) in 2023 in Hebei, repectively. A phylogenetic tree and recombination analysis of the near-full-length genome sequences showed that BDL120 was a recombinant originating from CRF01_AE and CRF01_C, whereas BDX016 consisted of subtypes B and C, containing eight and nine fragments of each, respectively. In BDL120, four C fragments were inserted into the CRF01_AE backbone, whereas in BDX016, four B fragments were inserted into the C backbone. This study demonstrates the increasing genetic complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic in Hebei Province and that molecular surveillance of the virus should continue to be strengthened.
Ensuring Physical Realism in Monte Carlo Simulations: A Cholesky Decomposition Approach
Authors: kumar rakesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations are widely employed for modeling random processes in physical materials, often utilizing exponential covariance functions to generate correlated vectors of random variables. However, an inherent challenge arises when these simulations produce negative values for variables such as elastic modulus or thermal conductivity, which are physically implausible. This study addresses this issue by investigating the impact of the covariance function’s parameter, sigma, on the feasibility of the simulated vectors. Through Cholesky decomposition, it is observed that a critical value of σ ensures that the generated vectors remain strictly non-negative. This finding highlights a crucial threshold for maintaining physical realism in simulations and provides a valuable insight for practitioners in the field. The study not only contributes to the refinement of Monte Carlo simulations but also prompts further exploration into the nuanced interplay between covariance functions and the feasibility of simulated results.
Projection of the land use and climate change impacts on runoff in the Bojnourd catchment under CMIP6 Scenarios
Authors: Hossainzadeh Ahmad , Kashki Abdolreza , Karami Mokhtar , Sabbaghian Reza Javidi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate and land use changes have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle in river catchment and water resources in several regions of the world. This study used Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) output and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for analyzing the simultaneous effects of land use and climate changes on the hydrological response and runoff of the Bojnourd catchment in Iran. First, the changes in climatic parameters during 2020-2050 were investigated, using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Thus, the scenarios of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP245) and (SSP585) were applied to predict temperature and precipitation. Also, the land use changes were analyzed for 2001 and 2019 and predicted for 2040, by using the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) based on the CA-Markov model. Besides, the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI2) algorithm is used for validation of the SWAT hydrological model. The results show that the land use model is accurate (Kappa coefficient of 0.91 and 0.95) and the hydrological model is acceptable, as the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficient in the calibration stage was 0.59 and in the confirmation stage it was 0.50 percent. The results indicate that between 2001 to 2040, the residential area has increased from 2.6 to 6 percent, and the barren area will increase from 23 to 27 percent, instead the rangeland will decrease from 59 to 47 percent. Generally, the precipitation will decline and the temperature will increase in the region. As a consequence, in both scenarios, the runoff decreases, while the land use change will cause a slight increase in the runoff, however, this increase is less than the decreased effect of climate change. The study helps to understand and manage the effects of climate change and land use change on water resources.
Increase in Plasma Succinate Correlates With Aerobic Lactate Production in a Porcine Model of Endotoxic Shock
Authors: Ruiz Juan D. Caicedo , Sanchez Jorge I. Alvarado , Fernández Juan J. Diaztagle , Brochero Cándida Diaz , Martinez Luis E. Cruz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The Krebs or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle plays a key role in the regulation of immune responses and hypoxia adaptations that occur during sepsis. Although the concentrations of some of these intermediates have been reported to be increased in large cohorts of septic patients, a detailed analysis of their changes during sepsis is still lacking. Here, we investigated the plasma concentrations of several TCA intermediates in a porcine model of endotoxic shock and the relationship between these TCA cycle intermediates and lactate production.
Methods: Nine female pigs were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce endotoxic shock, while four females served as controls. Plasma samples were collected at three time points: baseline (T0), three (T3) and six (T6) hours after LPS administration. Control samples were collected at parallel time points. Quantification of TCA intermediates, lactate and pyruvate was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Oxygen-derived variables were obtained by gas analysis of arterial and venous samples.
Results: The endotoxic shock group showed a significant increase in lactate, accompanied by stability of oxygen-derived variables and a low L/P ratio, indicative of aerobic conditions. Of all the TCA intermediates analyzed, only citrate and succinate showed significant increases compared to controls. Furthermore, the changes in lactate were partly determined by the changes in succinate concentration.
Conclusion: The increase in succinate concentrations was associated with the increase in lactate under global aerobic conditions. Our results suggest a potential role for succinate as a biomarker of aerobic lactate production.
The relationship between physical activity and school adjustment in high school students: the chain mediating role of psychological resilience and self-control
Authors: Chen Hanwen , Lu Tianci , Sui Haoran , Liu Chong , Gao Yuan , Tao Baole , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background Adaptive elements such as learning and interpersonal interactions of high school students need to be developed in the school environment. Thus, school adjustment is an essential developmental task in the academic growth of adolescent students. The present study was guided by the resource conservation theory and the power model of self-control and aimed to investigate the chain-mediated roles of psychological resilience and self-control in the physical activity and school adjustment of high school students.
Methods The study utilized whole population sampling and selected 2054 first- and second-year students from eight high schools in four regions of Jiangsu Province (M=16.45 years, SD=0.72 years). The questionnaires included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S), Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS), Self-Control Scale (SCS), and School Adjustment Scale for High School Students. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Process 4.0 macros for mediation modeling.
Results The direct and indirect effects of physical activity on high school students' school adjustment were significant, and the indirect effects included three pathways: first, the separate mediating effect of psychological resilience; second, the separate mediating effect of self-control; and third, the chain mediating effect of psychological resilience and self-control.
Conclusion The study's results revealed the relationship and mechanism of action of physical activity on high school students' school adjustment, which provides essential theoretical and reference value for improving their school adjustment.
CHIGURU Adivasi Birth Cohort Study: A Protocol for Examining the Effects of Parental Substance Use on Child Development in Southern Indian Adivasi Communities
Authors: Shriyan Prafulla , Basappa Yogish Channa , Babu Giridhara R , Seshadri Tanya , Karthik Maithili , Bhojani Upendra , Bhat Deepa , Shapeti Suresh S , Srini Prashanth N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Children of parents who use tobacco and alcohol are at increased risk for a variety of adverse outcomes, including emotional, social, behavioral, and cognitive problems. Parental smoking and alcohol use can also lead to nutrient deficiencies in children, as well as poor birth outcomes such as restricted growth. Among adivasi communities, disproportionately higher malnutrition, and increasing substance use could be contributing to persistent and inter-generational developmental disadvantages. However, there is limited research on the long-term health implications of parental substance use on children after birth. The proposed study will examine the effects of parental substance use on child growth and developmental outcomes in adivasi communities in southern Karnataka.
Methods: The research design involves a longitudinal cohort study, in which lactating/postnatal women and their partners along with other household members are recruited. This is the first large-scale adivasi birth cohort study to examine the effects of substance use among parents and other family members after delivery on infant growth and developmental indices. Information on the household socio-demographics, wealth index, diet, delivery information, depression, social support, morbidity status, substance use details, and child development with anthropometric details in baseline and follow-up visits shall be recorded. The study targets to recruit a sample size of 650 newborns and family members. The primary outcome is child growth parameters whereas the secondary outcome is early childhood development in terms of gross motor, fine motor, language, and social domain. The total duration of the study is five years (2021-2026).
Discussion: The study offers a comprehensive examination of parental substance use and its effect on child development in an adivasi community in south India. This will help researchers identify significant risk thresholds and better understand the consequences of parental substance use on infant development utilizing the prospective adivasi family cohort. The study will also address the long-term under-representation and neglect of such studies among adivasi populations and enable a long-term research engagement with the community. The study could inform policy and practice related to addressing substance use disorders and their effects on children. The public health implications include prioritizing the issues of parental substance use, and identification of early interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes in children.