bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical characteristics of extrudate with treatment composition ratio of mixed corn grit-soybean flour and extruder barrel temperature
Authors: Dwinata V F S , Karyadi J N W , Susanti D Y , Samodra A S , Mahanani R S , Rahmawati D K , Sinuhaji P F P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Yellow corn is one of the key component in the production of popular RTE snacks. However, corn’s nutritional quality is relatively low, necessitating the incorporation of additional ingredients such as soybean to enrich the protein content. This study primarily aims to explore the influence of soybean flour composition and temperature of barrel on the physical characteristics of extrudates to produce nutrition-rich snacks. The materials utilized in the experiment consisted of corn grit (mesh 24) and soybean flour (mesh 80). Extrudates were produced using SYSLG twin-screw extruder machine with a 10-15 kg/h production capacity. The study’s experimental design employed two factors: the composition factor of soybean flour (at 10%, 20%, and 30%) and the final temperature of the barrel (at 120°C, 130°C, and 140°C). The physical attributes of the extrudates were assessed based on the parameters such as expansion ratio, extrudate texture (hardness), moisture content, WAI, and WSI. The study findings revealed that increased soybean flour composition reduced the expansion properties and a more rigid material texture. On top of that, all extrudates exhibited moisture content of less than 4% (wb). The water absorption index decreased with higher soybean flour composition and barrel temperature, whereas the water solubility index showed an increasing trend. Among the tested conditions, the treatment with temperature of the barrel of 140°C and a soybean ratio of 20% demonstrated the best quality results.
Evaluating Smart Greenhouse Viability Through Engineering Design and Software Cost Modelling
Authors: Nugroho A P , Nasrul R M , Sutiarso L , Falah M A F , Dzaky M A F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introducing smart greenhouse technology in tropical agricultural in Indonesia has the potential to bring about substantial advantages, such as higher crop yields, decreased water consumption, and enhanced food security. Nevertheless, the feasibility of this technology must be evaluated before it can be widely adopted. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the viability of smart greenhouse technology in using the engineering economics and software cost estimation model (SCEM), consider the fixed and variable cost for operational, and effort for developing the supporting modules. The findings of this study suggest that the investment in Smart Greenhouse technology is economically viable and financially justified. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 11% exceeds the 10% discount rate, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.16 signifies that the discounted value of benefits surpasses costs over the project lifetime, with the economics return 16% higher than the break-even level. The Smart Greenhouse investment will become profitable after five years, with positive returns above the minimum threshold. The SCEM analysis shows that the software development workload is significant for some modules, such as Smart Agri Engrow and Smart Agri Nutrigrow. These software cost estimates can now be used for budgeting, planning, and assessing the feasibility of the Smart Greenhouse technology implementation.
Performance test of the combine harvester machine for rice harvesting in Indrapuri, Aceh Besar District
Authors: Idkham M , Dhafir M , Mustaqimah  , Safitri K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Paddy is a very important agricultural crop for mankind because more than half of the world’s population and almost the entire population of Indonesia depend on this plant as a source of food. Harvesting is a very important process in rice production, because in this process it is alleged that the level of yield loss is very high. Paddy harvesting can be done by modern farming (combine harvester) and conventional (manual), therefore it is necessary to know the effectiveness by analyzing the performance and efficiency of the two ways. This study aims to examine the performance of rice harvesting using a combine harvester and conventional machines in Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar District. The results of the combine harvester research show that the theoretical field capacity is 0.42 ha/hour, the effective field capacity is 0.25 ha/hour, efficiency is 60.03%, the working capacity is 743.54 kg/hour, the fuel consumption is 10.25 L/hour, and yield loss of 1.31%. Conventional harvesting shows a field capacity of 0.0049 ha/hour/person, thresher working capacity of 172.6908 kg/hour, thresher efficiency of 98.5417%, thresher fuel consumption of 0.5147 L/hour, and the percentage of yield loss is 3.8776%. Based on data on harvesting capacity, the combine harvester shows a better performance then conventional harvesting.
Internet of things based smart system in the modified greenhouse solar dryer for agricultural products
Authors: Nasution I S , Hafiz M I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a smart monitoring and control system for a modified greenhouse dryer for agricultural products utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and wireless sensor networks. This system enables real-time monitoring of air temperature and humidity, activation of the exhaust fan, adjustment of the heater, and determination of the optimal heating time. The investigation focused on the implementation of a microcontroller in the modified greenhouse system. The system possesses the capability to issue commands for the initiation of the heater and exhaust fan while also facilitating real-time monitoring. The system is equipped with an emergency command that can temporarily halt activities. The system utilizes two different temperature ranges, namely 45°C–50°C and 35°C–65°C, to analyse variations in heater usage across different temperature levels. Both software tools (Telegram and Google Excel spreadsheet) possess the functionality to monitor and regulate the temperature within a greenhouse by utilizing the chat network Telegram. Furthermore, the users possess the capability to store and access data related to the greenhouse system within an Excel spreadsheet.
Determining the Optimal Harvesting Time of Fresh Fruit Bunches Based on the Yield of Oil and Carotene
Authors: Akbar A R M , Wibowo A D , Prabandari P I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The timing of harvesting oil palm fruit might affect the quality of the oil palm product. Mostly, The approximate number of palm oil fruits that have broken off from their bunches (loose-fruit) is usually used to measure the ripeness of fruit. The goal of this study was to establish the ideal harvesting period with variations in the amount of palm oil fruits that were loose from their bunches using two indicators: oil yield and carotene content. The variance was dependent on one factor: the number of days after the fruit was discovered unfastened from its bunch. The results showed that the percentage of palm oil fruits that were separated from their bunch and the planting age were both related to the quality of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB). The ideal harvest period can be carried out from day two until day four after the first time of unmounted fruits, which have a high oil yield of 46.6%–48.1% and a yield of carotene of 400–600 ppm.
Optimizing 3D-printed workpieces for radiotherapy application: modelling the CT number and print time
Authors: Kadiri Sehad , Jakupi Kaltrine , Dukovski Vladimir , Hodolli Gezim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of specific printing parameters, including infilling, print speed, and layer height, on the CT numbers and printing time of 3D-printed workpieces fabricated from Polylactic Acid (PLA). The primary objective is to optimize these parameters to attain desired CT numbers and print time for radiotherapy applications. To achieve this objective, we employed the Taguchi experimental design and regression analysis methodologies. A series of experiments were conducted to systematically assess the effects of varying infilling, print speed, and layer height values on the CT numbers and printing time of the PLA workpieces. The resulting data were then used to create mathematical models for predicting optimal parameter settings. Our investigations revealed that specific adjustments to infilling and layer height significantly influence the CT numbers and printing time of 3D-printed workpieces. By leveraging the developed mathematical models, precise predictions can be made to optimize independent parameters for the desired CT numbers and printing times, enhancing the efficacy of 3D-printed workpieces for radiotherapy applications. This research contributes to the advancement of 3D-printed workpieces utilized in radiotherapy, offering a pathway to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of treatment delivery. The optimization of printing parameters outlined in this study provides a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers in the field, ultimately benefiting patients undergoing radiotherapy treatments.
Detection of liquid chemical analytes using a novel PCF-SPR sensor based on the wavelength sensitivity measurement method
Authors: kumar Sudhir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel, highly sensitive, dual-coated PCF-SPR sensor for harmful chemical detection. The sensor’s performance is investigated based on the measurement of the wavelength sensitivity method. Silver (Ag) is a plasmonic material, and Ta2O5 is used as an overlayer to enhance its performance. The impact of Ta2O5 thickness and structural parameter variation on sensor performance is also measured. The proposed plasmonic sensor measured the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 23000 nm/RIU. This investigation undoubtedly provides a new approach to designing a PCF-SPR sensor that tunes the range of chemical refractive indices by changing Ta2O5 thickness. Besides, the simplicity, flexibility, and fabrication-friendly design make it applicable for chemical analyte sensing.
Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process
Authors: León-Flores J , Melo-Uscanga E , Pérez-Mazariego J L , Marquina M , Reyes-Damián C , Escamilla R , Gómez R , Arenas-Alatorre J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the present work, the standardization of the methodology to obtain black ZnO nanoparticles from Arabica coffee extract as a reducer agent and stabilizer of the reaction is presented for the first time through a scalable combustion green chemistry process without obtaining dangerous byproducts. The size distribution of the nanoparticles was found between 15 and 30 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows distorted regions from the atomic column. Whereas, the estimated energy band gap measured by UV–vis spectroscopy is 2.22 eV, which is 30% value below the typical band gap for bulk ZnO. XPS measurements show a change in the binding energy of black ZnO compared to commercial ZnO. From experimental evidence, it is proposed that the black color of zinc oxide resulted from vacancies in the ZnO structure. The vacancies in the structure were theoretically modeled considering a variation in the Coulomb interaction between Zn—O atoms by applying the Hubbard + U DFT approximation. The theoretical electronic distribution of the influence of vacancies ZnO was compared with the experimental results obtained by Raman, FTIR and the experimental profile of the valence band region. These results open the exploration of green synthesized black zinc oxide nanoparticles to possible technological applications related to catalysis.
Diversification of quantitative morphological traits in wheat
Authors: Shan Yixiang , Osborne Colin P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The development and morphology of crop plants have been profoundly altered by evolution under cultivation, initially through unconscious selection, without deliberate foresight, and later by directed breeding. Wild wheats remain an important potential source of variation for modern breeders; however, the sequence and timing of morphological changes during domestication are not fully resolved.

Methods
We grew and measured 142 wheat accessions representing different stages in wheat evolution, including three independent domestication events, and compared their morphological traits to define the morphospace of each group.

Key Results
The results show that wild and domesticated wheats have overlapping morphospaces, but each also occupies a distinct area of morphospace from one another. Polyploid formation in wheat increased leaf biomass and seed weight but had its largest effects on tiller loss. Domestication continued to increase the sizes of wheat leaves and seeds and made wheat grow taller, with more erect architecture. Associated changes to the biomass of domesticated wheats generated more grains and achieved higher yields. Landrace improvement subsequently decreased the numbers of tillers and spikes, to focus resource allocation to the main stem, accompanied by a thicker main stem and larger flag leaves. During the Green Revolution, wheat height was reduced to increase the harvest index and therefore yield. Modern wheats also have more erect leaves and larger flower biomass proportions than landraces.

Conclusions
Quantitative trait history in wheat differs by trait. Some trait values show progressive changes in the same direction (e.g. leaf size, grain weight), whereas others change in a punctuated way at particular stages (e.g. canopy architecture), and other trait values switch directions during wheat evolution (e.g. plant height, flower biomass proportion). Agronomically valued domestication traits arose during different stages of wheat history, such that modern wheats are the product of &gt;10 000 years of morphological evolution.
A nomogram based on multimodal ultrasound and clinical features for the prediction of central lymph node metastasis in unifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xin , Dong Xueying , Ma Chi , Wang Siying , Piao Zhenya , Zhou Xianli , Hou Xiujuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To build a predictive model for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in unifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (UPTC) using a combination of clinical features and multimodal ultrasound (MUS).

Methods
This retrospective study, included 390 UPTC patients who underwent MUS between January 2017 and October 2022 and were divided into a training cohort (n = 300) and a validation cohort (n = 90) based on a cut-off date of June 2022. Independent indicators for constructing the predictive nomogram models were identified using multivariate regression analysis. The diagnostic yield of the 3 predictive models was also assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
Both clinical factors (age, diameter) and MUS findings (microcalcification, virtual touch imaging score, maximal value of virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification) were significantly associated with the presence of CLNM in the training cohort (all P &lt; .05). A predictive model (MUS + Clin), incorporating both clinical and MUS characteristics, demonstrated favourable diagnostic accuracy in both the training cohort (AUC = 0.80) and the validation cohort (AUC = 0.77). The MUS + Clin model exhibited superior predictive performance in terms of AUCs over the other models (training cohort 0.80 vs 0.72, validation cohort 0.77 vs 0.65, P &lt; .01). In the validation cohort, the MUS + Clin model exhibited higher sensitivity compared to the CLNM model for ultrasound diagnosis (81.2% vs 21.6%, P &lt; .001), while maintaining comparable specificity to the Clin model alone (62.3% vs 47.2%, P = .06). The MUS + Clin model demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility across both cohorts.

Conclusion
Our nomogram combining non-invasive features, including MUS and clinical characteristics, could be a reliable preoperative tool to predict CLNM treatment of UPTC.

Advances in knowledge
Our study established a nomogram based on MUS and clinical features for predicting CLNM in UPTC, facilitating informed preoperative clinical management and diagnosis.
Morning blood pressure surge and intracranial atherosclerotic plaque characteristics: a high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging study
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Song Xiaowei , Hou Duoduo , Zhao Xihai , Chen Wenwen , Li Rui , Zheng Zhuozhao , Sang Zhenhua , Wu Jian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relationship between morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) and intracranial atherosclerotic plaque burden and vulnerability.

Methods
A total of 267 ischaemic stroke patients were retrospectively analysed. Sleep-trough and prewaking MBPS were calculated from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Plaque characteristics, including intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH), maximum wall thickness (max WT), and stenosis degree, were obtained from high-resolution MR vessel wall imaging (HR-vwMRI). Linear and logistic regression were used to detect the association.

Results
Subjects with the top tertile of sleep-trough MBPS (≥15.1 mmHg) had a lower prevalence (9.1% vs. 19.6%, P = .029) of severe stenosis (≥70%) than others. Subjects within the top tertile of prewaking MBPS (≥7.6 mmHg) had a lower percentage of IPH (27.3% vs. 40.4%, P = .035) than others. After adjusting for stroke risk factors (age, sex, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, smoking, and family stroke history) and 24-h mean systolic blood pressure, 10 mmHg sleep-trough MBPS increment was associated with 0.07mm max WT reduction, and the top tertile MBPS group was associated with a lower chance of severe stenosis (odd ratio = 0.407, 95% CI, 0.175-0.950). Additionally, an increased prewaking MBPS is associated with a lower incidence of IPH, with OR = 0.531 (95% CI, 0.296-0.952). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the positive findings could only be seen in non-diabetic subjects.

Conclusion
Increment of MBPS is negatively associated with intracranial atherosclerotic plaque burden and vulnerability, and this relationship remains significant in the non-diabetic subgroup.

Advances in knowledge
This study provided evidence that MBPS was associated with the intracranial atherosclerotic plaque burden and vulnerability on HR-vwMRI.
Imaging spectrum in tropical breast infections
Authors: Dhamija Ekta , Gulati Shrea , Hari Smriti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
While breast carcinoma is the most feared pathology in women with breast lumps, infections continue to be an important aetiology, especially in countries with low to middle socio-economic status. The breast infections or mastitis can present as acute painful breast or recurrent episodes of breast lumps with or without pain. The common causes include puerperal, non-puerperal, and idiopathic mastitis whereas uncommon causes like tuberculosis, filariasis, hydatid and other parasitic infections are still seen in developing countries. Imaging with digital mammography may be difficult due to pain or inadequate due to increased breast density. Ultrasound serves as the modality of choice for detailed assessment in these patients. Since the imaging features are often overlapping with malignancy, biopsy is almost always indicated. However, there are certain imaging findings that may point to the diagnosis of mastitis and can help in accurate radiologic-pathologic correlation. This article aims to illustrate the varied clinico-radiological features of patients with tropical breast infections.
Staging of breast cancer in the breast and regional lymph nodes using contrast-enhanced photon-counting detector CT: accuracy and potential impact on patient management
Authors: Yalon Mariana , Sae-Kho Tiffany , Khanna Akriti , Chang Shaojie , Andrist Boleyn R , Weber Nikkole M , Hoodeshenas Safa , Ferrero Andrea , Glazebrook Katrina N , McCollough Cynthia H , Baffour Francis I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the feasibility and evaluate the performance of multiphasic photon-counting detector (PCD) CT for detecting breast cancer and nodal metastases with correlative dynamic breast MRI and digital mammography as the reference standard.

Methods
Adult females with biopsy-proven breast cancer undergoing staging breast MRI were prospectively recruited to undergo a multiphasic PCD-CT using a 3-phase protocol: a non-contrast ultra-high-resolution (UHR) scan and 2 intravenous contrast-enhanced scans with 50 and 180 s delay. Three breast radiologists compared CT characteristics of the index malignancy, regional lymphadenopathy, and extramammary findings to MRI.

Results
Thirteen patients underwent both an MRI and PCD-CT (mean age: 53 years, range: 36-75 years). Eleven of thirteen cases demonstrated suspicious mass or non-mass enhancement on PCD-CT when compared to MRI. All cases with metastatic lymphadenopathy (3/3 cases) demonstrated early avid enhancement similar to the index malignancy. All cases with multifocal or multicentric disease on MRI were also identified on PCD-CT (3/3 cases), including a 4 mm suspicious satellite lesion. Four of five patients with residual suspicious post-biopsy calcifications on mammograms were detected on the UHR PCD-CT scan. Owing to increased field-of-view at PCD-CT, a 5 mm thoracic vertebral metastasis was identified at PCD-CT and not with the breast MRI.

Conclusions
A 3-phase PCD-CT scan protocol shows initial promising results in characterizing breast cancer and regional lymphadenopathy similar to MRI and detects microcalcifications in 80% of cases.

Advances in knowledge
UHR and spectral capabilities of PCD-CT may allow for comprehensive characterization of breast cancer and may represent an alternative to breast MRI in select cases.
Imaging of infra-thoracic tuberculosis
Authors: Kanthawang Thanat , Pattamapaspong Nuttaya , Peh Wilfred C G , Hammami Nadia , Bouaziz Mouna Chelli , Ladeb Mohamed Fethi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially curable disease that is a leading cause of death globally. While it typically affects the lungs, this disease may involve many extra-pulmonary sites, particularly in patients with risk factors. Extra-pulmonary TB often mimics a variety of different diseases, posing a diagnostic dilemma. Imaging aids in early diagnosis of TB, especially in patients with non-specific or atypical symptoms found at extra-pulmonary infra-thoracic locations. Imaging also helps guide appropriate laboratory investigation, monitor disease progress, and response to treatment. This review aims to highlight the imaging spectrum of TB affecting the infra-thoracic region, that is, gastrointestinal tract, abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneal cavity, intra-abdominal solid organs, and urogenital system.