bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting Employment Desires of Individuals With Intellectual Disability: Communication Is Key
Authors: Narayan Sayuj , Goreczny Anthony J. , Haggey Terrie , Suess Phillip 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough there has been increasing interest in and emphasis on helping individuals with an intellectual disability find employment, there remain questions about factors related to employment and needed supports. We surveyed 127 people with an intellectual disability from three counties in southwestern PA. Data analysis revealed 100% of those who discussed employment within the past year ended up working or searching for work. Additionally, those who worked or looked for work in the past year found employment desirable; 100% voiced wanting to work in the next 3 years. Despite this, our findings revealed that no one had spoken to over half of the participants about employment. Discussion focused on importance of talking about employment options and benefits of inclusive community integrated employment.
Lensless single-fiber ghost imaging
Authors: Wakayama Toshitaka , Higuchi Yudai , Kondo Rikuto , Mizutani Yasuhiro , Higashiguchi Takeshi 
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate lensless single-fiber ghost imaging, which allows illumination and collection using a single optical fiber without a transmission-type system. Speckle patterns with relative coincidence degrees of 0.14 were formed by image reconstruction using improved differential ghost imaging. Employing fiber with a diameter of 105 µm, we achieved a spatial resolution of 0.05 mm in an observing area of 9mm2, at a working distance of 10 mm. Compared to a conventional neuroendoscope at a power density of 94mW/cm2, our imaging could be realized by extremely weak illumination at a laser power density of 0.10mW/cm2. Using our lensless single-fiber ghost imaging, with 30,000 speckle patterns and implementing a diffuser, we attained an average coincidence degree of 0.45.
The impact of vaccine-linked chemotherapy on liver health in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Nguyen Duc Minh , Poveda Cristina , Pollet Jeroen , Gusovsky Fabian , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Hotez Peter J. , Jones Kathryn Marie 
Published: November 2023

Background
Chagas disease, chronic infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, mainly manifests as cardiac disease. However, the liver is important for both controlling parasite burdens and metabolizing drugs. Notably, high doses of anti-parasitic drug benznidazole (BNZ) causes liver damage. We previously showed that combining low dose BNZ with a prototype therapeutic vaccine is a dose sparing strategy that effectively reduced T. cruzi induced cardiac damage. However, the impact of this treatment on liver health is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated several markers of liver health after treatment with low dose BNZ plus the vaccine therapy in comparison to a curative dose of BNZ.

Methodology
Female BALB/c mice were infected with a bioluminescent T. cruzi H1 clone for approximately 70 days, then randomly divided into groups of 15 mice each. Mice were treated with a 25mg/kg BNZ, 25μg Tc24-C4 protein/ 5μg E6020-SE (Vaccine), 25mg/kg BNZ followed by vaccine, or 100mg/kg BNZ (curative dose). At study endpoints we evaluated hepatomegaly, parasite burden by quantitative PCR, cellular infiltration by histology, and expression of B-cell translocation gene 2(BTG2) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) by RT-PCR. Levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were quantified from serum.

Results
Curative BNZ treatment significantly reduced hepatomegaly, liver parasite burdens, and the quantity of cellular infiltrate, but significantly elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, and LDH. Low BNZ plus vaccine did not significantly affect hepatomegaly, parasite burdens or the quantity of cellular infiltrate, but only elevated ALT and AST. Low dose BNZ significantly decreased expression of both BTG2 and PPARα, and curative BNZ reduced expression of BTG2 while low BNZ plus vaccine had no impact.

Conclusions
These data confirm toxicity associated with curative doses of BNZ and suggest that while dose sparing low BNZ plus vaccine treatment does not reduce parasite burdens, it better preserves liver health.
Safety and efficacy of paromomycin/miltefosine/liposomal amphotericin B combinations for the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan: A phase II, open label, randomized, parallel arm study
Authors: Younis Brima Musa , Mudawi Musa Ahmed , Monnerat Séverine , Abdelrahim Saeed Mohammed , Awad Gasim Khalil Eltahir , Elbashir Ahmed Anas , Ahmed Ali Mujahid , Noureldin Ali , Muthoni Ouattara Gina , Nyakaya Godfrey M. , Teshome Samuel , Omollo Truphosa , Ochieng Michael , Egondi Thaddaeus , Mmbone Mildred , Chu Wan-Yu , Dorlo Thomas P. C. , Zijlstra Eduard E. , Wasunna Monique , Alvar Jorge , Alves Fabiana 
Published: November 2023

Background
Treatment for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in Sudan is currently recommended only for patients with persistent or severe disease, mainly because of the limitations of current therapies, namely toxicity and long hospitalization. We assessed the safety and efficacy of miltefosine combined with paromomycin and liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) for the treatment of PKDL in Sudan.

Methodology/principal findings
An open-label, phase II, randomized, parallel-arm, non-comparative trial was conducted in patients with persistent (stable or progressive disease for ≥ 6 months) or grade 3 PKDL, aged 6 to ≤ 60 years in Sudan. The median age was 9.0 years (IQR 7.0–10.0y) and 87% of patients were ≤12 years old. Patients were randomly assigned to either daily intra-muscular paromomycin (20mg/kg, 14 days) plus oral miltefosine (allometric dose, 42 days)–PM/MF–or LAmB (total dose of 20mg/kg, administered in four injections in week one) and oral miltefosine (allometric dose, 28 days)–LAmB/MF. The primary endpoint was a definitive cure at 12 months after treatment onset, defined as clinical cure (100% lesion resolution) and no additional PKDL treatment between end of therapy and 12-month follow-up assessment. 104/110 patients completed the trial. Definitive cure at 12 months was achieved in 54/55 (98.2%, 95% CI 90.3–100) and 44/55 (80.0%, 95% CI 70.2–91.9) of patients in the PM/MF and AmB/MF arms, respectively, in the mITT set (all randomized patients receiving at least one dose of treatment; in case of error of treatment allocation, the actual treatment received was used in the analysis). No SAEs or deaths were reported, and most AEs were mild or moderate. At least one adverse drug reaction (ADR) was reported in 13/55 (23.6%) patients in PM/MF arm and 28/55 (50.9%) in LAmB/MF arm, the most frequent being miltefosine-related vomiting and nausea, and LAmB-related hypokalaemia; no ocular or auditory ADRs were reported.

Conclusions/significance
The PM/MF regimen requires shorter hospitalization than the currently recommended 60-90-day treatment, and is safe and highly efficacious, even for patients with moderate and severe PKDL. It can be administered at primary health care facilities, with LAmB/MF as a good alternative. For future VL elimination, we need new, safe oral therapies for all patients with PKDL.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03399955, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03399955
ClinicalTrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov
The CLoCk study: A retrospective exploration of loneliness in children and young people during the COVID-19 pandemic, in England
Authors: McOwat Kelsey , Pinto Pereira Snehal M. , Nugawela Manjula D. , Ladhani Shamez N. , Newlands Fiona , Stephenson Terence , Simmons Ruth , Semple Malcolm G. , Segal Terry , Buszewicz Marta , Heyman Isobel , Chalder Trudie , Ford Tamsin , Dalrymple Emma ,   Consortium, Shafran Roz 
Published: November 2023

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic children and young people (CYP) were socially restricted during a stage of life crucial to development, potentially putting an already vulnerable population at higher risk of loneliness, social isolation, and poorer wellbeing. The objectives of this study are to conduct an exploratory analysis into loneliness before and during the pandemic, and determine which self-reported factors are associated with loneliness.

Methods and findings
Participants from The Children with Long COVID (CLoCk) national study were invited to take part via an online survey, with a total of 31,017 participants taking part, 31,016 of which reported on their experience of loneliness. Participants retrospectively answered questions on demographics, lifestyle, physical health and mental health and loneliness before the pandemic and at the time of answering the survey. Before the pandemic 6.5% (2,006/31,016) of participants reported experiencing loneliness “Often/Always” and at the time of survey completion 17.4% (5,395/31,016) reported feeling lonelier. There was an association between meeting the research definition of long COVID and loneliness [3.49 OR, 95%CI 3.28–3.72]. CYP who reported feeling lonelier at the time of the survey than before the pandemic were assigned female at birth, older CYP, those from Black/African/Caribbean/Black British or other ethnicity groups, those that had 3–4 siblings and lived in more deprived areas.

Conclusions
We demonstrate associations between multiple factors and experiences of loneliness during the pandemic. There is a need for a multi-faceted integrated approach when developing interventions targeted at loneliness. It is important to follow up the CYP involved at regular intervals to investigate the progression of their experience of loneliness over time.
La muerte como oportunidad: una aproximación gerontológica a Un político venerable de t. s. Eliot y El sueño de bruno de Iris Murdoch
Authors: Solans García Mariangel 
Published: November 2023

Este trabajo examina la perspectiva de la muerte como oportunidad para reflexionar sobre el significado trascendental de la vida a partir de dos obras de destacados autores: el poeta y dramaturgo anglo-estadounidense T. S. Eliot y la escritora y filósofa anglo-irlandesa Iris Murdoch. Las obras analizadas pertenecen a géneros distintos: Un político venerable (1959) es una obra teatral mientras que El sueño de Bruno (1969) es una novela.
Los estudios de la edad destacan la importancia de revisar la vida como una práctica que puede proporcionar coherencia y ayudar a resolver la crisis existencial entre integridad y desesperación. Ambos autores utilizan la vejez y la revisión de la vida para explorar la confesión, el perdón y la redención. A medida que se acerca el final de sus vidas, Bruno y Claverton, protagonistas de ambas obras, llegan a comprender que el amor es lo único que otorga sentido a la existencia.
In vitro plant regeneration from somatic tissue of strawberry Fragaria x ananassa Duch.
Authors: Berljak Jasna , Marn Mojca , Koron Darinka 
Published: November 2023

Successful shoot regeneration in somatic tissue is the basic requirement for in vitro induction of genetic variability as the new tool in plant breeding. Somatic tissue excised from in vitro multiplied strawberry plants were tested on ability for plant regeneration. Leaves, petiole and stipules were inoculated on initial medium with BA and 2,4-D, or on medium with BA only after 1 hour pulse treatment with 2,4-D. Callus was induced on all sliced surfaces of explants inoculated on initial medium with growth regulators BA and 2,4-D during first 7 days of culture. Explants inoculated on initial medium with BA, after pulse treatment with 2,4-D did not develop callus but abundantly produced fenolic compounds, and tured necrotic in the first 24 hours. Spontaneous plant regeneration was noticed on leaves explants with less developed callus tissue on initial medium with growth regulators duringsecond week of culture. High percentage of explants with regenerated shoots were obtained after transfer on hormone-free medium. The highest plant regeneration ability was in leaf tissue, less in petiole and stipules. Callus induced in leaf tissue showed ability for constant plant regeneration during three months of culture and careful 4-week interval transfer on basal MS medium with 4.4¼M BA and 40 g/l sucrose.
Unveiling the past: the multidimensional theatrical space in Suzan-Lori Parks’s Venus
Authors: Lyu Chunmei , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With acute historical awareness, African American playwright Suzan-Lori Parks uses abundant signs in the form of words, movements, sights, and sounds in her plays to create an imagined world, helping readers and audiences to revisit forgotten and neglected history and contemplate on how to read Africana history. In Venus, she wields rapid transformation of space, inserts a play-within-the-play, and presents historical extracts to reconstruct history. This article uses theatrical space as a critical tool to investigate how Parks uses the configuration of theatrical space within and theatrical space without to express historical allusions, reconstruct historical events, and bridge the gaps hidden between remembered and forgotten history in Venus.
Semiotic interpretation of photos in Leslie Silko’s Storyteller
Authors: Song Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leslie Marmon Silko, a Native American female writer, includes many photos about family and land in her autobiography Storyteller. The relations of images and words in her book are analyzed from the perspective of semiotics, particularly from Roland Barthes’s image rhetoric. The linguistic message and the coded and non-coded iconic message of the photos help in understanding the Laguna Pueblo concept of time and place. Photos about family show the cyclical time expanse of the family history and the change of traditions in Laguna. Photos about land and the stories behind pass on their ancestral culture to the next and the next generation. Photos, as a sign to be against linear time and against humans’ violence to nature, help the indigenous reshape their history and re-envision their subjectivity.
Cultural translation in the context of Lotman’s cultural semiotics: a case study of the German translation of Six Records of a Floating Life
Authors: Fu Tianhai , Zhao Xuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Six Records of a Floating Life is a collection of autobiographical essays written by Shen Fu, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Its writing is ancient and elegant, and it is rich and profound in connotation. The German translation of Six Records of a Floating Life by German sinologist Rainer Schwarz presents the spirit of the original in detail and is of high cultural value and research significance. Based on Lotman’s theory of cultural semiotics, this paper examines the interpretive value of Lotman’s view of “text” for translation research in three dimensions: information transmission, information generation, and information memory, with a view to elucidating the cultural value of the German translation of Six Records of a Floating Life, innovating the theoretical integration of cultural semiotics and translation research, and expanding the application of semiotic theory in the field of cultural translation.
Understanding artworks from Danto’s philosophy of art: a Peircean semiotic approach
Authors: Luo Qiaojuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arthur Danto’s philosophy of art contributes significantly to diverse perspectives that seek to understand the nature and significance of artistic creations, offering unique insights into the interpretation and meaning of artworks. This paper aims to examine Danto’s philosophy of art by employing the semiotic framework developed by Charles Sanders Peirce and applying it to the analysis of three famous artworks. By integrating Peirce’s semiotics with Danto’s ideas, we seek to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of art, its interpretation, and the significance it holds within the “artworld.” This exploration highlights the complementary aspects of Peirce’s semiotics and Danto’s philosophy of art, shedding light on the multifaceted realm of artistic expression.
Culture in the OED online Phrases and Quotations
Authors: Nuccorini Stefania 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of the word culture in selected co-texts and contexts with negative connotations in the OED online<fnote> The OED (Oxford English Dictionary) online (from now on OED, unless when it is necessary to specify “online”) “is a work in progress. Hundreds of new entries are added every year […] with the aim of producing a completely updated third edition”. https://www.oed.com/page/245; see also https://public.oed.com/how-words-enter-the-oed/. Last access: June 7, 2023.</fnote> 21st-century definitions, phrases, compounds, and quotations. The study was prompted by the use of the words oriental and especially culture in a few comments following the August 2022 announcement of the Oxford Faculty of Oriental Studies name change to the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies: this new name was selected because “many [staff and students] considered the word Oriental to be inappropriate”.<fnote> (https://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/article/announcing-a-change-of-name-to-the-faculty-of-asian-and-middle-eastern-studies). Last access: September 23, 2022.</fnote> Alongside the word oriental, the word culture, significantly absent in the announcement, is used in various comments carrying a negative connotation. Research findings indicate that in several OED Phrases and Quotations the word culture is used in the same co-text as words that have a negative connotation. These words give (or “pass on”) their negative connotation (and/or “inappropriateness”, according to the context) to the word culture itself.
Specialised language and conceptual knowledge in lexicographic portals
Authors: Giacomini Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the current state of specialised language and conceptual knowledge coverage in general-language or generalist lexicographic portals. The final goal is to establish whether their terminological and conceptual treatment is extensive enough to be compared with that found in specialised dictionaries used by terminologists, translators, and technical writers. Terminology of two domains, i. e. the medical field of virology related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the technical field of photovoltaics, is analysed in selected lexicographic portals. Results show that hybrid lexicographic and lexicological portals display the highest level of terminological coverage and detailed conceptual systems.
From Great Britain to the Spanish Philippines via British India… and back
Authors: Alcolado Carnicero José Miguel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This research uncovers lexical contact between English and other languages in texts about the part of the Spanish Philippines under the control of the British East India Company from September 1762 to April 1764. Better known as the Manilha Consultations, the texts in English sent to, and received from, British India are scrutinised in search of the British East India Company’s vocabulary. That vocabulary partly consists of lexemes found in the English/British East India Company’s consultations worldwide but unrecorded in monolingual dictionaries and glossaries of major and/or minor varieties of English. The Manilha Consultations contain lexemes unrecorded in the Oxford English Dictionary, the Hobson-Jobson Glossary, and/or the Merriam-Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary. The 38 lexemes here considered instances of the British East India Company’s vocabulary might be included in those, and/or other, dictionaries and glossaries of British English, Indian English, and/or Philippine English if expansive criteria for lexeme inclusion were applied.
System und Kasuistik der modernen Rechtswissenschaften – Interdisziplinäre Gedanken zu Hubert Treibers Einladung Max Weber zu lesen
Authors: Frommel Monika 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Aus juristischer Perspektive sind Max Webers Idealtypen des vom Systemgedanken geprägten kontinentaleuropäischen Rechtsdenkens und der eher kasuistisch vorgehenden angelsächsischen Praxis hilfreich. Sie können in eine interne Sprache, wie sie die juristischen Methodenlehren verwenden, übersetzt werden. Auch können die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile der beiden Vorgehensweisen kombiniert werden, um am Ende eine systematische und kasuistisch ausgearbeitete Rechtspraxis zu gewährleisten. Doch nur wenige Rechtswissenschaftler rezipierten zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts Max Weber. Eine bemerkenswerte Ausnahme bildeten die zeitgenössischen Vertreter des sog. Freirechts, insbesondere H. Kantorowicz. Er sah die Vorzüge einer extern beobachtenden soziologischen Methode und entwickelte eine trialistische Methodologie, wonach die jeweilige juristische Dogmatik intern den Sinn der Gesetze festlegt, während Rechtsgeschichte und Rechtssoziologie extern beobachten. Die Rechtsphilosophie sollte werturteilsfrei die verschiedenen Haltungen darstellen und die unterschiedlichen normativen Bewertungen systematisch vergleichen. System und Kasuistik sind danach die beiden grundlegenden Kategorien der Jurisprudenz. Systematisierung ist die Basis, aber aus dem jeweiligen System folgt nicht die praktische Entscheidung. Sie haben letztlich einen theoretisch nicht determinierbaren dezisionistischen Anteil. Wegen dieser Erkenntnis wurde Kantorowicz und seine relativistische Rechtstheorie heftig kritisiert. Ihre Vertreter wurden als „Freirechtler“ disziplinär ausgegrenzt. Diese hartnäckige Ablehnung des letztlich dezisionistischen Charakters der Rechtspraxis, die auch in der kontinentalen Rechtskultur unvermeidbar ist, erschwerte eine offene Beschäftigung mit Max Webers rechtssoziologischen Schriften und erklärt auch, wieso die Max Weber-Forschung eine Domäne der Soziologie ist.
Reduction of BDNF Levels and Biphasic Changes in Glutamate Release in the Prefrontal Cortex Correlate with Susceptibility to Chronic Stress-Induced Anhedonia
Authors: Hu Xiao , Zhao Hui-Ling , Kurban Nurhumar , Qin Yu , Chen Xi , Cui Su-Ying , Zhang Yong-He 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic stress has been considered to induce depressive symptoms, such as anhedonia, particularly in susceptible individuals. Synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is closely associated with susceptibility or resilience to chronic stress-induced anhedonia. However, effects of chronic stress with different durations on the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to anhedonia remain unclear. The present study investigated effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) for 14, 21, and 35 d on anhedonia-like behavior and glutamate synapses in the PFC. We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the PFC significantly decreased only in anhedonia-susceptible rats that were exposed to CMS for 14, 21, and 35 d. Additionally, 14 d of CMS increased prefrontal glutamate release, and 35 d of CMS decreased glutamate release, in addition to reducing synaptic proteins and spine density in the PFC. Moreover, we found that anhedonia-like behavior in a subset of rats spontaneously decreased, accompanied by the restoration of BDNF levels and glutamate release, on day 21 of CMS. Ketamine treatment restored the reduction of BDNF levels and biphasic changes in glutamate release that were induced by CMS. Our findings revealed a progressive reduction of synaptic plasticity and biphasic changes in glutamate release in the PFC during CMS. Reductions of BDNF levels may be key neurobiological markers of susceptibility to stress-induced anhedonia.