bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Duhamel–Martin operations in neonates and infants
Authors: Mir Erol , Karaca İrfan , Günsar Cüneyt , Sencan Aydin , Fesçekoğlu Orhan 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: With advances in neonatal anesthetic and surgical care, a safe, one stage, definitive procedure has been possible in Hirschsprung’s disease. Since 1996, we have performed this type of operation in the neonatal and early infancy period. We aimed to review our data to state the feasibility of this operation in these age groups.
Methods
: At Dr Behçet Uz Children’s Hospital, we treated 10 patients with a single stage Duhamel–Martin operation between 1996 and 2000. Of the 10 patients, seven were boys. Six patients were diagnosed in the first week of the neonatal period. We evaluated these 10 patients by means of age, sex, age at diagnoses, operational age, diagnostic tools, properties of operation, complications and results.
Results
: The patients were all full‐term delivery and had a mean birthweight of 3 kg. The presenting clinical features were abdominal distention (100%), constipation (100%) and vomiting (70%). One patient was a Down syndrome patient, while another patient showed familial Hirschsprung’s disease. Contrast enemas gave positive results in eight patients. Definitive diagnoses were performed with rectal biopsy specimens. The extention of the disease was rectosigmoid in nine patients and descending colon in one patient. Five patients were in the newborn period at the time of the operation, while the oldest one was 7 months old. In the postoperative period, two children were treated because of early abdominal eventration and evisceration of the wound. Postoperative enterocolitis occurred in two patients. These 10 patients have been followed‐up for a period of 3 years, and spontaneous defecation and weight gain was observed in all of the patients.
Conclusions
: Our study confirmed the published data that this operation could be performed as an easy and safe procedure in the neonatal and early infancy period.
Failure of cortisone acetate therapy in 21‐hydroxylase deficiency in early infancy
Authors: Jinno Kazuhiko , Sakura Nobuo , Nomura Shinji , Fujitaka Michiko , Ueda Kazuhiro , Kihara Mikio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: Pediatric endocrinologists initially treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia with either cortisone acetate (CA) or hydrocortisone (HC). Despite high doses of CA, we noted that 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP) and corticotropin were not fully suppressed in serum from neonates with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (21‐OHD) until they were 40‐ to 80‐days‐old. In contrast, serum concentrations of 17‐OHP were suppressed immediately by oral treatment with HC.
Methods
: We sought to understand the reason for this discrepancy. Serum cortisol (F), cortisone (E), and 17‐OHP were measured by radioimmunoassay or high‐performance liquid chromatography in seven neonates with 21‐OHD and in 118 normal subjects. From the time of diagnosis, CA was administered to four of the neonates with 21‐OHD, while HC was given to the other three.
Results
: In normal subjects serum E concentrations were greater than F during the first 2 months after birth, whereas F concentrations exceeded E after 2 months of age. Although infants receiving CA initially were given a high dose, serum F concentrations were extremely low, while 17‐OHP concentrations were high until about 2 months of age. Then serum F exceeded E, and 17‐OHP became fully suppressed even though infants received only a moderate dose of CA. In contrast, HC administration successfully normalized serum 17‐OHP in the neonatal period. With temporary switching of neonates from HC to CA, serum F concentrations immediately decreased and 17‐OHP concentrations increased.
Conclusion
: Conversion of E to F may be limited during early infancy, adversely affecting treatment with CA. Cortisone acetate may be inappropriate as a glucocorticoid replacement during early infancy in patients with 21‐OHD.
Effect of lactational exposure to 1,2,3,4‐ tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin on cytochrome P‐450 1A1 mRNA in the neonatal rat liver: Quantitative analysis by the competitive RT‐PCR method
Authors: Kono Yumi , Okada Shin’Ichi , Tazawa Yusaku , Kanzaki Susumu , Mura Tetsuo , Ueta Etsuko , Nanba Eiichi , Otsuka Yuzuru 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background and Methods
: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lactational exposure to dioxins in neonates on the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) induction in the level of gene expression. Maternal rats were treated with a single dose of 50 or 100 μmol/kg 1,2,3,4‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (1,2,3,4‐TCDD), a low potent congener of dioxins, on the first day post‐partum (day 1). Induction of CYP1A1 mRNA expression was quantitatively analyzed by the competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) method.
Results
: The CYP1A1 mRNA was detectable at extremely low amounts in the liver of control neonates and mothers. The mRNA ratios of CYP1A1 to β‐actin in neonates were dose‐dependently increased by the treatment of 1,2,3,4‐TCDD of their mothers. Its peak occurred on day 6 and was sustained at the same level on day 10. Increases of the ratio with 100 μmol/kg 1,2,3,4‐TCDD on day 2, 6 and 10 were 26‐, 40‐ and 40‐fold of the appropriate controls, respectively. These levels paralleled the activity of ethoxyresorufin‐o‐deethylase, representing CYP1A mediated monooxygenase. In the mother, the mRNA ratio was increased only to threefold of the control, 10 days after treatment.
Conclusion
: Current RT‐PCR procedure enabled to assess both constitutive and induced levels of CYP1A1 mRNA in the neonatal rat livers. Although the dose of 1,2,3,4‐TCDD selected in this study was about 5000 times higher than the daily intake of dioxins in breast‐fed infants, CYP1A1 mRNA was highly induced for a longer period of time in neonatal rats receiving 1,2,3,4‐TCDD via lactation than the treated maternal rats.
Preventive management of hypoglycemia in very low‐birthweight infants following indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Hosono Shigeharu , Ohono Tsutomu , Kimoto Hirofumi , Nagoshi Ren , Shimizu Masaki , Nozawa Masayo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: To evaluate the effects of an increase in glucose infusion rate of 2 mg/kg per min from the basal infusion rate on the prevention of hypoglycemia in very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants, following indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Methods
: Forty VLBW infants with PDA were given indomethacin 0.2 mg/kg intravenously up to three doses. In 15 of the 40 infants (supplemented group: between April 1995 and March 1996) the glucose infusion rate was increased in 2 mg/kg per min increments from the basal rate just before the initial indomethacin administration, compared with 25 historical control infants who received a fixed glucose infusion rate during the first 12 h after the initial dose. We evaluated the changes in blood glucose levels and glucose infusion rates in both groups.
Results
: In the control group 11 of 25 (44%) infants had a blood glucose value below 40 mg/dL between 12 and 60 h (mean 32.7 h). In contrast only two out of 15 infants in the supplemented group reached the glucose level below 40 mg/dL between 72 and 96 h but both two were light‐for‐dates infants (defined as birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age on the standard intrauterine growth curve). Blood glucose values in the supplemented group were significantly higher than those in the control group between 12 and 96 h. However, glucose infusion rates were similar before and between 72 and 96 h.
Conclusions
: This retrospective study shows that an increase in glucose infusion rate of 2 mg/kg per min, in addition to the pre‐existing stable maintenance glucose intake, might prevent against the occurrence of unexpected hypoglycemia in VLBW infants following indomethacin therapy.
Non‐surgical closure of atrial septal defect
Authors: Ishizawa Akira , Oho Shinichi , Dodo Hidemi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: Recently many devices for the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) were developed in the world. Several ASD closing devices, such as Clamshell device, buttoned device, ASD occluder system (ASDOS), Angel Wings, are not fully acceptable from a practical point of view. We reported the clinical trials of transcatheter closure of ASD for Clamshell double umbrella device and Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) in Japan.
Methods
: Clamshell devices were implanted in 11 patients. Clinical trials for ASO device were carried out in 34 patients in Japan. We reported the results of 17 patients in National Children’s Hospital.
Results
: Clamshell devices were implanted in all of the patients successfully. Minimal residual shunt was present in four patients (36%), 1 year after the procedure by Doppler color flow imaging. Nine of 11 umbrellas demonstrated fracture of the stainless steel arm. Arm fracture occurred between 1 week and 12 months after implantation. The implantations of ASO device were successful in all of the 17 patients. Sixteen out of 17 (94.1%) had complete closure in the average observation period of 5.5 months. Complications were minimal and transient.
Conclusions
: With respect to complete closure rate, easy manipulation, and complication rate, ASO is the best transcatheter ASD closure device among all the devices at the present time.
Effect of hemodialysis on carnitine levels in children with chronic renal failure
Authors: Mir Sevgi , Kantar Mehmet , Yalaz Mehmet , Keskinoglu Ahmet , Coker I¸Sil , Huseyinov Afig 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Impaired structural and metabolic integrity of the kidney in chronic renal failure (CRF) effects carnitine metabolism by means of many factors. Depletion due to hemodialysis (HD) is one of the major concerns. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic renal failure and HD on plasma free carnitine (FC) concentrations in children.
Methods
: Plasma FC concentrations were
measured in age‐matched 14 undialyzed patients, 20 dialyzed patients
and 12 healthy children. In the HD group, measurements were done
pre‐ and postdialysis and an hour after ceasing HD. None of the
children have been receiving exogenous l‐carnitine replacement.
Results
: Plasma FC concentrations on either
HD or conservative treatment were found to be decreased as compared
to the healthy subjects (P < 0.001
and P = 0.001, respectively).
The patients on HD had lower levels of plasma FC at the predialysis
period than those on conservative treatment (P = 0.01).
The FC levels significantly dropped at the postdialysis period as
compared to those at the predialysis period (P < 0.001), but recovered at 1 h after ceasing HD. The mean duration of HD did not correlate with plasma FC levels at predialysis period.
Conclusions
: Children with CRF, either dialyzed or undialyzed, have decreased plasma FC levels. Hemo­dialysis treatment significantly depletes plasma FC concentrations during the procedure, but predialysis levels are reached 1 hr after ceasing HD.
Incidence of acute respiratory infections and the relationship with some factors in infancy in Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Etiler Nilay , Velipasaoglu Sevtap , Aktekin Mehmet 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the major problems of childhood in developing countries. The objective of the study was to obtain the incidence of ARI and its risk factors in Antalya, Turkey.
Methods
: We carried out a prospective cohort study on 204 infants who were born between 1 November and 31 December 1997, in the area of two primary health‐care units in the Antalya city center. The research group was followed periodically every 2 months by home visits and the infants were investigated to determine their symptoms of ARI. The weight and length of children were measured in every home visit. Additional questions about socioeconomic status, some environmental characteristics, and nutrition practice were asked. Data were entered into the computer and the Z‐scores were calculated by the Epi Info 5 package program. The incidence rates, relative risks and confidence intervals were calculated by Microsoft Excel version 5.0 program.
Results
: The incidence of ARI was 6.53 episodes per child per year among the children in the research group. The factors that influenced the incidence of ARI were lack of mother’s and father’s education, heating by wood stove, being a low‐birthweight infant, not being completely breast‐fed in the first 4 months of life and being stunted. There were no associations between the number of persons per room or smoking status of family members with ARI incidence.
Conclusion
: Our results demonstrated that ARI were also associated with some socioeconomic, environ­mental and nutritional status characteristics such as paternal education, house ownership, breast‐feeding, stunting, prematurity and burning of biomass fuels in Turkey.
Increased production of serum IgA‐class antibody to lipid A in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Takeshita Seiichiro , Kawase Hiroko , Shimizu Tooru , Yoshida Maki , Sekine Isao 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) remains unknown. To investigate whether a conventional bacterial antigen is involved in the pathogenesis of KD, we studied the serum response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Methods
: We measured the serum levels of IgG‐, IgM‐ and IgA‐class antibodies (Ab) to lipid A, a toxic site of LPS, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 20 patients with KD, 11 patients with Gram‐negative bacterial infection (GNBI), 27 healthy children and 12 healthy adults.
Results
: The serum levels of anti‐lipid A IgG, IgM and IgA tended to increase with advancing age in healthy children older than 6 months of age. The mean level of anti‐lipid A IgM in the acute phase of GNBI and the mean levels of anti‐lipid A IgM and IgA in the acute phase of KD were found to increase significantly, in comparison to the age‐matched controls. Furthermore, the mean level of anti‐lipid A IgA also showed a significant increase from the acute to the subacute phases of KD. Regarding the IgA‐subclass response, higher titers of anti‐lipid A specific Ab were seen in the IgA2 subclass than in the IgA1 subclass.
Conclusion
: These findings indicate that KD patients demonstrate an intense response to lipid A in the IgA, especially IgA2‐subclass, thus suggesting that an unusual activation of the mucosal immune response to a ubiquitous antigen derived from Gram‐negative bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of KD.
A case of complete testicular feminization: Laparoscopic orchiectomy and analysis of androgen receptor gene mutation
Authors: Kanayama Hiro‐omi , Naroda Takushi , Inoue Yoshio , Kurokawa Yasushi , Kagawa Susumu 
Published: March 2003

Background: Analysis of an androgen receptor gene mutation and a bilateral laparoscopic orchiectomy were performed on a 19‐year‐old patient diagnosed as a case of complete testicular feminizaton. Methods: DNA sequencing of an androgen receptor gene mutation and laparoscopic orchiectomy were performed. Results: A novel point mutation substituting a proline residue (CCG) for a leucine residue (CTG) was observed in codon 892 of exon 8 in the hormone‐binding domain of the androgen receptor gene. Bilateral intra‐abdominal testes were resected uneventfully by means of laparoscopic orchiectomy. Conclusion: We conclude that genetic analysis of androgen receptor gene mutation is essential for diagnosis of teon and laparoscopic orchiectomy is a useful therapeutic alteration as a minimally invasive treatment.
Strip biopsy of superficial bladder tumors using an electrosurgical snare
Authors: Tachibana Masaaki , Miyakawa Ayako , Horiguchi Yutaka , Nakamura Kaoru , Murai Masaru 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background/Methods
: Transurethral strip biopsy of bladder tumors using an electrosurgical snare was tested to determine whether or not this technique provides any advantage to the histologic examination of bladder cancers and to the management of superficial bladder tumors as a routine treatment.
Results/Discussion
: Our research results confirm that the strip biopsy technique can be applied as an alternative transurethral management procedure for treatment of superficial bladder tumors. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the procedure can also provide significantly greater histologic diagnostic advantages for bladder cancers than are possible through cold cup biopsy or transurethral resection.
The study of PSA gene expression on urogenital cell lines
Authors: Takahashi Toshiko , Hoshi Senji , Satoh Makoto , Kaneda Takashi , Suzuki Ken‐Ichi , Nakagawara Kan‐Ichi , Orikasa Seiichi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Purpose
: Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) offers a potentially more sensitive assay for detecting cells expressing prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) mRNA in peripheral circulation. But the sensitivity and specificity are variable depending on the position of the PSA amplification. To increase sensitivity and specificity, the whole PSA cDNA (1466 bp) was separated into eight different parts.
Methods
: We examined RT–PCR on 12 urogenital cell lines, including three prostate cancer (LNCaP, PC3, DU145), five human renal cell carcinoma (SMKT‐R3, TOS‐1, TOS‐2, R4, ACHN), two urinary bladder cancer (YTS‐1, KK‐47) and two testicular cancer (NEC8, NEC14) cell lines. The sizes of the eight fragmented PSA used in the experiment were PSA‐1 (1–257 bp), PSA‐2 (1–322 bp), PSA‐3 ( 172–507 bp), PSA‐4 (172–851 bp), PSA‐5 (595–1347 bp), PSA‐6 (682 967 bp), PSA‐7 (682–1347 bp) and PSA‐8 (863–1466 bp).
Results
: All cell lines had positive signals from PSA‐6, PSA‐7 and PSA‐8. The positive signals from PSA‐1, PSA‐2 and PSA‐3 were detected in some other cell lines in addition to the three prostate cancer cell lines. Only LNCaP which produces the PSA protein had a positive signal from PSA‐5. PC3 and DU145 (which do not produce PSA) and LNCaP had a positive signal from PSA‐4. Therefore, the inner primer PSA‐4′ (578–782 bp) used to increase sensitivity and specificity. Nested RT–PCR on the 12 cell lines, using the PSA‐4 and 4′ primers, detected more clear bands in the three prostate cancer cells.
Conclusion
: Nested RT–PCR using PSA‐4 (outer primer) and PSA‐4′ (inner primer) may be useful for detecting prostate cancer cells in the peripheral blood.
Transmurally absorbed intravesical chemotherapy with dimethylsulfoxide in an animal model
Authors: YAMAN ÖNDER , ÖZDILER EROL , ÖZEN SINAN , GÖGˇÜŞ ORHAN 
Published: March 2003

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) enhances the absorbtion of the intravesical chemotherapeutics.Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats received 1.5 mg N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) intravesically every other week (weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) for a total of five doses. After week 14, rats underwent intravesical installation of either epirubicin (1 mg) or epirubicin + DMSO (50%) every other week (weeks 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22). The absorbtion of epirubicin was estimated histologically by observing its fluorescence in the bladder.Results: We observed papiller and/or hyperplastic formations in rat bladders (10/50 rats) due to installation of MNU. Epirubicin fluorescence was observed in the entire bladder wall of normal or hyperplastic regions in rats that were given DMSO prior to epirubicin. However, epirubicin was observed only in normal‐appearing mucosa or in superficial layers of hyperplastic regions.Conclusions: The concomittant addition of DMSO with intravesical epirubicin enhances the absorbtion of epirubicin to the entire bladder wall. In this way, epirubicin cytotoxicity and antitumor activity can be potentiated. This can be useful for both the treatment of superficial bladder cancer (especially in local recurrence and progression) and invasive bladder cancer (especially in regional chemotherapy).
Primary tumor of the ureteral stump following a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Suzuki Takehiro , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Otomo Ryou , Kakinuma Hideaki , Satoh Shigeru , Sato Kazunari , Ogawa Osamu , Kato Tetsuro 
Published: March 2003

Background: A 64‐year‐old man presented with asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria during a follow up for a localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which was treated by a right radical nephrectomy 6 years earlier.Methods: X‐rays and a ureteroscopic examination revealed multiple papillary tumors filling the right ureteral stump. Surgery was performed to excise the ureteral stump and bladder cuff. The tumor was histologically a grade 2–3 transitional cell carcinoma without muscle invasion.Results/Conclusions: Only four patients with a ureteral stump carcinoma, including the present case, have been reported after a nephrectomy for RCC. Considering that this patient had a past history of multiple cancers, genetic or environmental factors may have contributed to the etiology of the ureteral stump tumor.
Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder in a chronic hemodialysis patient
Authors: Ashida Shingo , Yamamoto Akihiro , Oka Natsuo , Masuda Syusaku , Yuasa Kenji , Terao Naotami , Shiozu Tomoyuki , Nakamura Syoichiro , Iwata Jun 
Published: March 2003

Background: Nephrogenic adenoma is an uncommon, benign metaplastic lesion occurring in the urothelium, usually as a response to chronic irritation or trauma. It is rarely encountered in hemodialysis patients. Endoscopically, these lesions can easily be mistaken for malignant tumors.Methods/Results: We report on a case of nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder in a chronic hemodialysis patient that was large and mistakenly diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma in the initial biopsy. Histopathological examination of the total cystectomy specimen demonstrated the correct diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma.Conclusion: Increased awareness by urologists and pathologists of nephrogenic adenoma may lead to its more accurate diagnosis.
High‐dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for advanced testicular cancer
Authors: Miyazaki Jun , Miyanaga Naoto , Kawai Koji , Shimazui Toru , Takeshima Hitoshi , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The present study was performed in order to investigate the efficacy and safety of high‐dose chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced testicular cancer.
Methods
: Seven patients were treated with high‐dose carboplatin, etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Five patients received one cycle and two patients received two cycles of the high‐dose chemotherapy.
Results
: Of the seven patients, one achieved a complete response and four achieved partial responses with markers negative. As a result of subsequent surgery for residual tumors, three of the four partial responders showed no residual cancer cells. One patient who did not undergo surgery received radiotherapy after the high‐dose chemotherapy and the residual tumors disappeared. All five patients who had either a complete or partial response are still alive and without evidence of disease at 12, 27, 30, 37 and 40 months. One patient is alive with disease at 7 months and one died of progressive disease at 6 months. The hematologic recovery after high‐dose chemotherapy was rapid and non‐hematologic toxicities were usually mild and manageable.
Conclusions
: High‐dose chemothrapy followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is safe and effective for use in patients with far‐advanced testicular cancer, particularly when the high‐dose chemotherapy is conducted as the initial treatment. Further larger and long‐term follow‐up studies are needed to define the role of high‐dose chemotherapy on testicular cancer.