bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory bulb core is a rich source of neural progenitor and stem cells in adult rodent and human
Authors: Liu Zhiping , Martin Lee J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe olfactory bulb (OB) core is an extension of the rostral migratory stream and thus is a potential source of neural progenitor and neural stem cells. We characterized in vivo and in vitro neuronal progenitor and neural stem cells in the adult OB core. In mouse and rat, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling showed that the OB core accumulates newly replicated cells. Nestin, a neuroepithelial stem cell marker, was enriched in the OB core. BrdU‐positive cells were immunolabeled for nestin and TUC4, a marker for early postmitotic neurons. The distributions of cells labeled for BrdU, TUC4, and nestin were similarly concentrated in the OB core. Nestin‐ and TUC4‐positive cells were also found in the OB of young and aged humans. Isolated and cultured OB core cells from adult rat and mouse had the capacity to generate numerous neurospheres. Adult OB core neurospheres were cryopreserved and subsequently cultured. Single cell clonal analysis of neurospheres revealed the capacity for self‐renewal and multipotency. Cultured adult OB core cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Some neurons expressed choline acetlytransferase, substance P, and glutamic acid decarboxylase. Basic fibroblast growth factor potentiated the self‐renewal of cells and β‐nerve growth factor stimulated differentiation. OB‐derived neural stem cells in coculture with skeletal muscle cells were induced to become neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase and substance P and formed neuromuscular synaptic junctions on myocytes displaying acetylcholinesterase‐positive motor end plates. Cocultured OB‐derived neural stem cells with myoblast cells also generated nonneural cell progeny. We conclude that the adult mammalian OB core is a reservoir of neural progenitor cells and pluripotent neural stem cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:368–391, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A second order discontinuous Galerkin method for advection on unstructured triangular meshes
Authors: Geijselaers H. J. M. , Huétink J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this paper the advection of element data which are linearly distributed inside the elements is addressed. Across element boundaries the data are assumed discontinuous. The equations are discretized by the Discontinuous Galerkin method. For stability and accuracy at large step sizes (large values of the Courant number), the method is extended to second order. Furthermore the equations are enriched with selective implicit terms. This results in an explicit and local advection scheme, which is stable and accurate for Courant numbers less than .95 on unstructured triangle meshes. Results are shown of some pure advection test problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple formulation for two‐dimensional contact problems using a moving friction cone
Authors: Wriggers P. , Haraldsson A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this paper a simple finite element formulation for two‐dimensional frictional contact problems undergoing large deformations is presented. It is equivalent to the standard node‐to‐segment interpolation but it leads to a less complicated matrix formulation and hence is on one hand more efficient and on the other hand easier to implement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Munsell reflectance spectra represented in three‐dimensional Euclidean space
Authors: Romney A. Kimball , Indow Tarow 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this article we describe the results of an investigation into the extent to which the reflectance spectra of 1269 matt Munsell color chips are well represented in low dimensional Euclidean space. We find that a three dimensional Euclidean representation accounts for most of the variation in the Euclidean distances among the 1269 Munsell color spectra. We interpret the three dimensional Euclidean representation of the spectral data in terms of the Munsell color space. In addition, we analyzed a data set with a large number of natural objects and found that the spectral profiles required four basis factors for adequate representation in Euclidean space. We conclude that four basis factors are required in general but that in special cases, like the Munsell system, three basis factors are adequate for precise characterization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 182–196, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10144
Grain positioning using metal imprint technology for single‐grain Si thin‐film transistor
Authors: Makihira Kenji , Yoshii Masahito , Asano Tanemasa 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe prepared a large‐grain silicon thin film by a new solid‐phase crystallization technology called metal imprint technology, fabricated a prototype of a quasi‐single‐crystal silicon (Si) thin‐film transistor (TFT), and evaluated its performance. Metal imprint technology presses a chip array coated by metal onto amorphous silicon and promotes the nucleation in solid‐phase crystallization by the metal transferred to a small area. By using nickel (Ni) in the imprinting, we found that the incubation time could be significantly decreased, and large grains could be formed at any desired positions. The grains we obtained had a <111> orientation. An average 7‐µm grain size was obtained by annealing at 560 °C. This technology was used to fabricate TFT that positioned the channel region in a single grain. The fabricated TFT exhibited excellent performance in the field effect mobilities of 400 cm2/Vs in the n‐channel and 220 cm2/Vs in the p‐channel. We found that dispersion in mobility of TFTs could be reduced to one‐half of the dispersion of polycrystalline‐Si TFT that was crystallized in the conventional solid phase. Threshold voltages had excellent uniformity and were about one‐half of those of a conventional solid‐phase crystallized TFT. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(5): 45–51, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10099
Shock‐capturing with natural high‐frequency oscillations
Authors: Zhou Y. C. , Gu Yun , Wei G. W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of a newly developed conjugate filter oscillation reduction (CFOR) scheme for shock‐capturing under the influence of natural high‐frequency oscillations. The conjugate low‐ and high‐pass filters are constructed based on the principle of the discrete singular convolution (DSC), a local spectral method. The accuracy and resolution of the DSC basic algorithm are accessed with a one‐dimensional advection equation. Two Euler systems, the advection of an isotropic vortex flow and the interaction of shock–entropy wave are utilized to demonstrate the utility of the CFOR scheme. Computational accuracy and order of approximation are examined and compared with the literature. Some of the best numerical results are obtained for the shock–entropy wave interaction. Numerical experiments indicate that the CFOR scheme is stable, conservative and reliable for the numerical simulation of hyperbolic conservation laws. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of a RF‐generated CF4/O2 gas plasma sterilization process
Authors: Lassen Klaus S. , Nordby Bolette , Grün Reinar 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA sterilization process with the use of RF‐generated (13.56 MHz) CF4/O2 gas plasma was optimized in regards to power, flow rate, exposure time, and RF‐system type. The dependency of the sporicidal effect on the spore inoculum positioning in the chamber of the RF systems was also investigated. Dried Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 endospores were used as test organisms. The treatments were evaluated on the basis of survival curves and corresponding D values. The only parameter found to affect the sterilization process was the power of the RF system. Higher power resulted in higher kill. Finally, when the samples were placed more than 3–8 cm away from a centrally placed electrode in System 2, the sporicidal effect was reduced. The results are discussed and compared to results from the present literature. The RF excitation source is evaluated to be more appropriate for sterilization processes than the MW source. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 239–244, 2003
Preliminary study of interfacial shear strength between PMMA precoated UHMWPE acetabular cup and PMMA bone cement
Authors: Park K. D. , Kim J. , Yang S. J. , Yao A. , Park J. B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFollowed by successful demonstration of high interfacial tensile strength in a new design of cemented all‐polyethylene acetabular cup, interfacial shear strength was investigated in this study, with the use of canine‐size prototypes of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) precoated UHMWPE acetabular cups. In addition to the PMMA precoated prototypes, three different types of controls were also prepared and tested: grooved UHMWPE cups, PMMA (bone cement) cups, and noncoated, plain UHMWPE cups. The interfacial shear strength of the precoated prototypes was 10.1 ± 0.69 MPa (n = 6), whereas it was 24.3 ± 0.78 MPa (n = 2) for the PMMA cup, 6.95 ± 0.21 MPa (n = 2) for the grooved UHMWPE cup, and 0.34 ± 0.47 MPa (n = 2) for the UHMWPE cup. These results indicate benefits of the PMMA precoating to stabilize the polyethylene acetabular cup securely when applied with bone cement in simulated clinical applications. Analysis of the failed PMMA precoated UHMWPE prototype cups suggested that the chemically induced bonds between precoated PMMA layer and bone cement played a key role in developing high shear strength. After the interfacial shear test of the PMMA precoated prototypes, major disruptions at the interface between treated UHMWPE and precoated PMMA layer were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which was a unique failure pattern, not found with other prototypes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 272–279, 2003
Preparation of labeled bis‐amino acid Hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide hiv protease inhibitors
Authors: Cao Kai , Chen Shiang‐Yuan , Prakash Shimoga R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPreparation of radiolabeled sulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors, DMP852 and DMP853 is described. The C‐14 labeling of DMP852 was accomplished by acylation of the intermediate amine with [1‐14C]‐chloroacetic anhydride followed by the treatment of the chloroacetyl derivative with methylamine. Due to the rapid loss of the methylglycine moiety during metabolism studies, a route that involved an oxidation‐reduction sequence was employed to prepare tritium labeled DMP852. Similar methodology was utilized to prepare tritium labeled DMP853. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Printed monopole array antenna for WLAN operation in the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands
Authors: Wu Tzuenn‐Yih , Fang Shyh‐Tirng , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA printed monopole array antenna consisting of three equally‐spaced equilateral‐triangular monopoles suitable for 2.4/5.2/5.8‐GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) operation is presented. Among the three monopoles, the center one has a larger size, which controls the excitation of the 2.4‐GHz band, and the other two (of smaller size) are for the excitation of the 5.2/5.8‐GHz bands. Owing to the array effect, the two smaller ones provide enhanced antenna gain (>6 dBi across the operating band) for WLAN operation in the 5.2/5.8‐GHz bands. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 370–372, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10921
Congenital lobar emphysema: Evaluation and long‐term follow‐up of thirty cases at a single center
Authors: Özçelik Uğur , Göçmen Ayhan , Kiper Nural , Doğru Deniz , Dilber Embiya , Yalçın Ebru Güneş 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCongenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is characterized by overdistension and air‐trapping in the affected lobe, and is one of the causes of infantile respiratory distress. In this report, we review our 27 years of experience with 30 CLE patients. Patients' medical records were evaluated with regard to age, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, associated diseases, treatment, histopathologic findings, and final clinical and laboratory findings at the end of a long‐term period. The mean age of 30 patients (18 male) at diagnosis was 4.9 ± 6.7 months (range, 2 days–2.5 years). Tachypnea, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, wheezing, hoarseness, and decreased breath sounds on the affected side were the main symptoms and clinical findings. On chest X‐rays, emphysema was seen in all patients; shift/herniation to the opposite lung, atelectasis, and pneumothorax were observed in 16, 5, and 2 cases, respectively. Computerized tomography of the thorax was performed in 16 cases and revealed emphysema at affected lobe/lobes in all, a shift/herniation to the opposite side in 12 cases, and atelectasis of neighbor lobe/lobes in 7 cases. All 8 patients who had perfusion scintigraphy showed reduced perfusion in the affected lobe. Narrowed and flaccid bronchi were detected in one patient by using flexible bronchoscopy. Blood gas analysis was performed in 11 patients, and hypoxia and hypercarbia were revealed in 9 and 7 of these patients, respectively. The most common affected lobe was the left upper lobe (57%), followed by the right upper lobe (30%) and right middle lobe (27%). Two lobes were involved in 4 patients. Associated abnormalities were observed in 5 patients. Twenty‐one patients underwent lobectomy; 9 were followed conservatively. Ages at diagnosis were significantly younger in surgically treated patients. Emphysema was detected in all pathological specimens, with an additional bronchial cartilage deficiency in 2 patients. In the surgically treated group, 2 patients died and 2 patients were lost to follow‐up. In the conservatively treated group, one patient was lost to follow‐up. Mean follow‐up duration of all patients was 63.2 ± 56.2 months (range, 1–209 months). At follow‐up visits, all patients were doing well. In surgically treated patients, chest X‐rays were normal (9 cases), or showed hyperlucency on the operated side (6 cases) or chronic changes in the operation area (2 cases). Hyperexpansion in the affected lobe was found to be reduced in all cases in the conservatively treated group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:384–391. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory pressures in boys from 11–17 years old: A semilongitudinal study
Authors: Matecki Stefan , Prioux Jacques , Jaber Samir , Hayot Maurice , Prefaut Christian , Ramonatxo Michele 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe hypothesized that in children, maximal respiratory pressures increase with age and more during the pubertal growth spurt. The aim of this work was to follow maximal respiratory pressures, with a semilongitudinal study, in three groups of prepubertal, peripubertal, and postpubertal children in order to specify pressure changes with age and determine the contributions of growth and puberty. A semilongitudinal study was conducted in 44 boys assigned to three overlapping age groups: from 11–13 (prepubertal stage), from 13–15 (pubertal stage), and from 15–17 years (postpubertal stage). The children underwent annual testing for maximal respiratory pressures and spirometric values. Body mass, height, lean body mass assessed from four skinfold thicknesses, and stage of development were also evaluated. Maximal respiratory pressure increased significantly with growth from 11–17 years for maximal inspiratory pressure, and from 11–15 years for maximal expiratory pressure. We observed an increase in the slope of the regression lines between age and lean body mass during the pubertal growth spurt, without an increase in the slopes of the regression lines between age and respiratory pressures. In conclusion, the relationships between age and respiratory pressures are not modified by the growth spurt, indicating that anthropometric characteristics have little role in determining respiratory pressures. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:368–374. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and conformational characterization of peptides related to the neck domain of a fungal kinesin
Authors: Deluca Dominga , Woehlke Günther , Moroder Luis 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe Y362K mutation in the neck domain of conventional kinesin from Neurospora crassa provokes a significant reduction of the rate of movement along microtubules. Since the α‐helical coiled‐coil structure of the neck region is implicated in the mechanism of the processive movement of kinesins, a series of peptides related to the heptad region 338–379 of the wild‐type and the variant fungal kinesins were synthesized as monomers and as N‐terminal disulfide dimers, crosslinked to favour self‐association into coiled‐coil structures entropically. A comparison of the dichroic properties of the peptides and the effects of trifluoroethanol and peptide concentration clearly confirmed the strong implication of the single point mutation in destabilizing the intrinsic propensity of the peptides to fold into the supercoiled conformation. That there is a correlation between the stability of the coiled‐coil and rate of movement of the kinesin is confirmed. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chemical synthesis and binding affinity to the EGF receptor of the EGF‐like domain of heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF)
Authors: Shin Song Yub , Yokoyama Tetsuo , Takenouchi Takato , Munekata Eisuke 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHeparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF), which belongs to the EGF‐family of growth factors, was isolated from the conditioned medium of macrophage‐like cells. To investigate the effect of N‐ and C‐terminal residues of the EGF‐like domain of HB‐EGF in the binding affinity to the EGF receptor on A431 cell. We synthesized HB‐EGF(44–86) corresponding to the EGF‐like domain of HB‐EGF and its N‐ or C‐terminal truncated peptides. Thermolytic digestion demonstrated three disulfide bond pairings of the EGF‐like domain in HB‐EGF is consistent with that of human‐EGF and human‐TGF‐α. HB‐EGF(44–86) showed high binding affinity to EGF‐receptor, like human‐EGF. The truncation of the C‐terminal Leu86 residue from HB‐EGF(44–86), HB‐EGF(45–86) or HB‐EGF(46–86) caused a drastic reduction in the binding affinity to the EGF receptor. These results suggest that the EGF‐like domain of HB‐EGF plays an important role in the binding to the EGF receptor, and its C‐terminal Leu86 residue is necessary for binding with the EGF‐receptor. In addition, the deletion of the two N‐terminal residues (Asp44‐Pro45) from HB‐EGF(44–86) caused a 10‐fold decrease in relative binding affinity to the EGF receptor. This indicates that the two N‐terminal residues of the EGF‐like domain of HB‐EGF are necessary for its optimal binding affinity to the EGF receptor. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum chemical study on enantioselective reduction of keto oxime ether with borane catalyzed by oxazaborolidine. Part 2. Structures of catalyst‐alkoxyborane adduct with a four‐membered ring and succeeding reaction intermediates
Authors: Li Ming , Zheng Wenxu , He Rongxing , Tian Anmin 
Published: April 2003

AbstractQuantum chemical ab initio computations of the structures and properties of oxazaborolidine‐alkoxyborane adduct with a BNBO four‐membered ring and succeeding reaction intermediates are carried out in the current work by means of the Hartree–Fock (HF) and the density functional methods. All the structures are optimized completely at the HF/6‐31G(d) and Becke's three‐parameter exchange functional and the gradient‐corrected functional of Lee, Yang, and Paar (B3LYP)/6‐31G(d) levels. As shown in the obtained results, the oxazaborolidine‐alkoxyborane adduct with a BNBO four‐membered ring may be formed during the reduction of the carbonyl bond of the catalyst‐borane‐keto oxime ether adduct. The breakdown of the BNBO four‐membered ring results in the formation of the adduct with a BNBOCCN seven‐membered ring and an oxime bond. The reduction of the oxime bond leads to the adduct with a chiral oxime carbon. The B(2)NCN bond in the BNBOCCN seven‐membered ring of the adduct with a reduced oxime bond is weaker comparatively and thus may be more easily broken down. All the adducts have four stable structures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 93: 294–306, 2003
Sample size estimation for GEE method for comparing slopes in repeated measurements data
Authors: Jung Sin‐Ho , Ahn Chul 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSample size calculation is an important component at the design stage of clinical trials. Controlled clinical trials often use a repeated measurement design in which individuals are randomly assigned to treatment groups and followed‐up for measurements at intervals across a treatment period of fixed duration. In studies with repeated measurements, one of the popular primary interests is the comparison of the rates of change in a response variable between groups. Statistical models for calculating sample sizes for repeated measurement designs often fail to take into account the impact of missing data correctly. In this paper we propose to use the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method in comparing the rates of change in repeated measurements and introduce closed form formulae for sample size and power that can be calculated using a scientific calculator. Since the sample size formula is based on asymptotic theory, we investigate the performance of the estimated sample size in practical settings through simulations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluoxetine depresses glutamate exocytosis in the rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) via inhibition of P/Q‐type Ca2+ channels
Authors: Wang Su‐Jane , Su Chin‐Feng , Kuo Yu‐Heng 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFluoxetine, an antidepressant that is used clinically in the treatment of mood disorders, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In the present study we investigated the effects of fluoxetine on 4‐aminopyridine (4AP)‐evoked glutamate release in cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Fluoxetine suppressed the release of glutamate evoked by 4AP in a concentration‐dependent manner. This effect was associated with a reduction in the depolarization‐evoked increase in cytosolic free calcium levels in the absence of significant effect on the synaptosomal membrane potential. In addition, both ionomycin‐ and sucrose‐evoked glutamate releases were not affected by fluoxetine, indicating that fluoxetine‐mediated inhibition of glutamate release is not a direct effect on the exocytotic machinery. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of fluoxetine was completely abolished in synaptosomes pretreated with P/Q type Ca2+ channel blocker ω‐agatoxin IVA (ω‐AgTX IVA) or protein kinase C (PKC) stimulator 4β‐phorbol 12, 13‐dibutyrate (PDBu). These results suggest that, in cerebrocortical nerve terminals, fluoxetine inhibits glutamate release through the suppression of P/Q type Ca2+ channel activity. The presynaptic action of fluoxetine is mediated by a PKC‐sensitive signaling pathway. Synapse 48:170–177, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.