bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A redistribution of nitrogen fertiliser across global croplands can help achieve food security within environmental boundaries
Authors: Smerald Andrew , Kraus David , Rahimi Jaber , Fuchs Kathrin , Kiese Ralf , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Scheer Clemens 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA major societal challenge is to produce sufficient food for a growing global population while simultaneously reducing agricultural nitrogen pollution to within safe environmental boundaries. Here we use spatially-resolved, process-based simulations of cereal cropping systems (at 0.5° resolution) to show how redistribution of nitrogen fertiliser usage could meet this challenge on a global scale. Focusing on major cereals (maize, wheat and rice), we find that current production could be (i) maintained with a 32% reduction in total global fertiliser use, or (ii) increased by 15% with current nitrogen fertiliser levels. This would come with substantial reductions in environmental nitrogen losses, allowing cereal production to stay within environmental boundaries for nitrogen pollution. The more equal distribution of nitrogen fertiliser across global croplands would reduce reliance on current breadbasket areas, allow regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa to move towards self-sufficiency and alleviate nitrogen pollution in East Asia and other highly fertilised regions.
No detectable trend in mid-latitude cold extremes during the recent period of Arctic amplification
Authors: Cohen Judah , Agel Laurie , Barlow Mathew , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is widely accepted that Arctic amplification—accelerated Arctic warming—will increasingly moderate cold air outbreaks to the mid-latitudes. Yet, an increasing number of recent studies also argue that Arctic amplification can contribute to more severe winter weather. Here we show that the temperature of cold extremes across the United States east of the Rockies, Northeast Asia and Europe have remained nearly constant over recent decades, in clear contrast to a robust Arctic warming trend. Analysis of trends in the frequency and magnitude of cold extremes is mixed across the US and Asia but with a clearer decreasing trend in occurrence across Europe, especially Southern Europe. This divergence between robust Arctic warming and no detectable trends in mid-latitude cold extremes highlights the need for a better understanding of the physical links between Arctic amplification and mid-latitude cold extremes.
Synthesis and functionalization of the six-vertex anionic amido-substituted silicon cluster [Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}5]−
Authors: Helmer Joschua , Hepp Alexander , Berger Raphael J. F. , Lips Felicitas 
Published: September 2023

Reaction of the amido-substituted silicon cluster Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}6 1 with two equiv. of KC8 results in the anionic silicon cluster [Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}5]— 2 that reacts with MeI, SiCl4 and SiBr4 to neutral double functionalized silicon clusters.
Generating characteristics and experimentation of counter rotating dual rotor wound field flux switching wind generator
Authors: Ullah Wasiq , Khan Faisal , Akuru Udochukwu Bola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, counter rotating dual rotor wound field flux switching wind power generator is revisited to study the generating characteristics of the AC output power curves based on finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental study. Analysis are performed under dynamic conditions, such as variable resistance, field excitation and speed. Also, electromagnetic performance is studied under variation of the field and armature currents. Analysis reveals that outer port machines with higher power capability and better electromagnetic performance compared to the inner port counterparts, although with higher fluctuations exhibited on the torque profiles of the former due to higher slotting effects. From the power generation characteristics curves, it is clear that the developed wind generator is able to produce reliable performance over a wide operating range. The accuracy of the FEA predicted results are validated, experimentally.The cover image is based on the Research Article Generating characteristics and experimentation of counter rotating dual rotor wound field flux switching wind generator by Wasiq Ullah et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12374.
Primary frequency regulation for multi‐infeed HVDC system using model predictive control and local estimation
Authors: Tian Guoliang , Du Zhengchun , Li Yujun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel primary frequency regulation (PFR) scheme for multi‐infeed high voltage direct current (HVDC) (MIDC) system. First, a dynamic model for frequency response in the MIDC system is carried out to involve line‐commutated‐coveter (LCC)‐HVDCs in frequency regulation. Then, a disturbance observer (DO) is proposed to estimate both the power imbalance and the full order states of the system. By combining a Kalman filter, this DO gets an accurate estimation quickly with local frequency measurement. On the basis of the estimated disturbance and state variables, feedforward control schemes can be concluded to fully utilize the fast adjustability of LCC‐HVDCs. In this paper, a model predictive control based scheme is designed to coordinate LCC‐HVDCs under constraints of HVDC capacity and frequency boundaries. As a result, the optimal power‐sharing property of LCC‐HVDCs is achieved to enhance the PFR dynamic performance of the AC main system. Further, the stability of the proposed method is analysed using the Lyapunov method. Finally, numerical simulations are concluded to verify the effectiveness and the merits of the proposed method, by comparing it to typical droop controls.
High-resolution APEX/LAsMA 12CO and 13CO (3–2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex
Authors: Zhou J. W. , Wyrowski F. , Neupane S. , Barlach Christensen I. , Menten K. M. , Li S. H. , Liu T. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Feedback from young massive stars has an important impact on the star formation potential of their parental molecular clouds.
Aims. We investigate the physical properties of gas structures under feedback in the G333 complex using data of the 13CO J = 3–2 line observed with the LAsMA heterodyne camera on the APEX telescope.
Methods. We used the Dendrogram algorithm to identify molecular gas structures based on the integrated intensity map of the 13CO (3–2) emission, and extracted the average spectra of all structures to investigate their velocity components and gas kinematics.
Results. We derive the column density ratios between different transitions of the 13CO emission pixel by pixel, and find the peak values N2−1/N1−0 ≈ 0.5, N3−2/N1−0 ≈ 0.3, and N3−2/N2−1 ≈ 0.5. These ratios can also be roughly predicted by the nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) molecular radiative transfer code RADEX for an average H2 volume density of ~4.2 × 103 cm−3. A classical virial analysis does not reflect the true physical state of the identified structures, and we find that external pressure from the ambient cloud plays an important role in confining the observed gas structures. For high-column-density structures, velocity dispersion and density show a clear correlation that is not seen for low-column-density structures, indicating the contribution of gravitational collapse to the velocity dispersion. Branch structures show a more significant correlation between 8 μm surface brightness and velocity dispersion than leaf structures, implying that feedback has a greater impact on large-scale structures. For both leaf and branch structures, σ − N * R always has a stronger correlation compared to σ − N and σ − R. The scaling relations are stronger, and have steeper slopes when considering only self-gravitating structures, which are the structures most closely associated with the Heyer relation.
Conclusions. Although the feedback disrupting the molecular clouds will break up the original cloud complex, the substructures of the original complex can be reorganized into new gravitationally governed configurations around new gravitational centers. This process is accompanied by structural destruction and generation, and changes in gravitational centers, but gravitational collapse is always ongoing.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Malformations of the Fetal Kidneys and Urinary System
Authors: Heling Kai-Sven , Chaoui Rabih 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMalformations of the fetal kidneys and urinary system are common and easily visualized and diagnosed on ultrasound. This article presents the typical sonographic findings of these abnormalities during the various stages of pregnancy. Because malformations of the urogenital tract often have an association with genetic diseases/ciliopathies, these are also discussed. To complete the article, we provide a brief overview of the normal anatomy of the kidneys and urinary system. The normal anatomy and malformations of the genitalia will not be discussed in this article due to their complexity.
Comparison of Venous Thromboembolism Outcomes after COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations
Authors: Gaddh Manila , Scott David , Wysokinski Waldemar E. , McBane Robert D. , Casanegra Ana I. , Baumann Kreuziger Lisa , Houghton Damon E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Published data on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are scarce and inconclusive, leading to an unmet need for further studies.
Methods A retrospective, multicentered study of adult patients vaccinated for one of the three approved COVID-19 vaccines in the United States of America and a pre-COVID-19 cohort of patients vaccinated for influenza at two institutions: Mayo Clinic Enterprise sites and the Medical College of Wisconsin, looking at rate of VTE over 90 days. VTE was identified by applying validated natural language processing algorithms to relevant imaging studies. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate rate of VTE and Cox proportional hazard models for incident VTE after vaccinations. Sensitivity analyses were performed for age, sex, outpatient versus inpatient status, and type of COVID-19 vaccine.
Results A total of 911,381 study subjects received COVID-19 vaccine (mean age: 56.8 [standard deviation, SD: 18.3] years, 55.3% females) and 442,612 received influenza vaccine (mean age: 56.5 [SD: 18.3] years, 58.7% females). VTE occurred within 90 days in 1,498 (0.11%) of the total 1,353,993 vaccinations: 882 (0.10%) in the COVID-19 and 616 (0.14%) in the influenza vaccination cohort. After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no difference in VTE event rate after COVID-19 vaccination compared with influenza vaccination (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.95 [95% confidence interval: 0.85–1.05]). No significant difference in VTE rates was observed between the two cohorts on sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion In this large cohort of COVID-19-vaccinated patients, risk of VTE at 90 days was low and no different than a pre-COVID-19 cohort of influenza-vaccinated patients.
Alternative Synthesis of α-l-Threofuranosyl Guanosine 3′-triphosphate
Authors: Sarma Daisy , Majumdar Biju , Chaput John C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArtificial genetic polymers (XNAs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physicochemical properties that include enhanced chemical and biological stability. Unfortunately, some of the most interesting XNAs are constructed from monomers that are not readily available and must be prepared by chemical synthesis. The need to generate building-block materials for these systems warrants careful optimization, as syntheses of XNA monomers can easily exceed ten chemical steps. Here, we evaluate the synthesis of α-l-threofuranosyl guanosine 3′-triphosphate (tGTP), a key substrate in the enzymatic synthesis of α-l-threofuranosyl nucleic acids. Previously, tGTP was prepared by a Vorbrüggen glycosylation reaction from N-acetyl-O-(diphenylcarbamoyl)guanine and a suitably protected threose sugar. However, the preparation of the protected nucleobase was a laborious process that merited further evaluation. We now describe an alternative approach that is easier to perform and does not compromise the overall yield or regioselectivity.
Advanced Biliary Interventions: Gastrointestinal or Interventional Radiology Approach
Authors: Naranjo Miguel , Ferral Hector , Chavez Roberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe management of biliary pathology can be surgical, endoscopic, or percutaneous. Percutaneous interventions play an important role in the management of patients. Biliary drainage is the initial step in most radiological interventions, including percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. It can be palliative or curative. We present here the different techniques available from interventional radiology. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the latest published evidence on percutaneous minimally invasive approach of biliary disease and outline current trends.
Efficacy of Continuous Saline Irrigation Therapy for Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis
Authors: Ohashi Takuya , Kawago Mitsumasa , Hirai Yoshimitsu , Yata Yumi , Fusamoto Aya , Iguchi Hideto , Nakaya Takahito , Kiyoi Megumi , Miyasaka Miwako , Kawaji Mari , Fujiwara Yuki , Nishimura Yoshiharu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a poor prognosis disease. This study aims to examine the patient background and treatment of DNM and to identify more effective treatments for DNM.
Methods The patient background and treatment of 11 patients who underwent surgery for DNM between November 2010 and June 2021 were studied. The patients were divided into six patients who underwent continuous saline irrigation (group I) and five patients who did not (group N). The differences in the drainage duration and length of hospital stay between the two groups were retrospectively investigated.
Results Eleven patients were treated for DNM: six male and five female, with a median age of 61 years (35–79). Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus in three cases; one patient was administered steroids. The pathways of occurrence were anterior tracheal gap/vascular visceral gap/posterior visceral gap in group I (2/1/2) and group N (0/2/4). Progression was I/IIA/IIB according to Endo's classification in group I (1/1/4) and group N (3/1/1). The mean duration of irrigation was 9.0 ± 3.7 days, and the drainage duration in group I was 17.5 ± 8.2 days, which was significantly shorter than 31 ± 13.6 days in group N (p < 0.048). The hospital stays in group I was 29.3 ± 8.4 days, which was significantly shorter than that in group N (68 ± 27.1 days; p < 0.015).
Conclusions Irrigation therapy significantly shortened the drainage duration and hospital stay. Irrigation is a useful treatment for DNM.
Mapping sharing economy themes: science mapping, topic modeling, and research agenda
Authors: ElKattan Ahmed Gamal , Gavilan Diana , Elsharnouby Mohamed Hamed , Mahran Amira Fouad Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDigital and sharing platforms are transforming the business landscape and significantly impacting the global economy. This study provides a systematic review of the sharing economy (SE) in marketing and presents a future research agenda to advance the discipline. A comprehensive approach is utilized, incorporating bibliometric analysis, performance analysis, science mapping techniques, and topic modeling to analyze sharing economy research within marketing. The dataset comprises 325 articles on the sharing economy, from which eight key topics are identified: (1) analyzing customer ratings and sentiments, (2) understanding and evaluating customer experience, (3) customer orientation towards peer-to-peer accommodation services, (4) mapping customer relationships in the sharing economy, (5) analysis of user loyalty, (6) development of marketing strategies to enhance platforms, (7) identification of platform openness, and (8) actors within the digital platform ecosystem. By identifying research gaps, a future research model is proposed to comprehend the roles and influence of customers, peer service providers, and platform providers in the sharing economy. The findings of this study have practical implications for marketing practices within the SE.
Processing Chinese formulaic sequences in sentence context: a comparative study of native and non-native speakers
Authors: Chen Ken , Gu Lei , Bai Qiaoyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the hypothesis of holistic processing of Chinese formulaic sequences within sentence contexts, examining the performance of both native and non-native speakers. A self-paced masking experiment was conducted to collect response times and gather quantitative sentence context data for subsequent statistical analysis. The findings reveal that both native and non-native participants exhibited shorter response times for formulaic sequences compared to non-formulaic sequences. However, contextual effects were found to only impact the processing of formulaic sequences among non-native learners. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of contextual effects in L2 teaching and highlighting the theoretical and pedagogical implications of the research on formulaic sequences in L2 usage.
A magnetic head-based eddy current displacement sensing method
Authors: Chen Yiming , Li Erlong , Guo Weixiao , Yuan Zilan , Huang Jie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Eddy current displacement sensors are popular for sensing changes in displacement in industrial fields with many advantages. The eddy current induced by a conventional coil is distributed over a large range and the energy is not concentrated. The size of the minimum measured surface is 1.5 to 3 times the diameter of the coil. A magnetic head-based eddy current displacement sensor is proposed in this paper. Theoretical analysis confirms that the coil generates a highly concentrated magnetic field at the magnetic core gap. The simulations based on the finite element method are performed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can induce the eddy current field which has a small distribution range and high degree of concentration of energy on the surface of the specimen. Finally, experiments are conducted for different sized ring-shaped surfaces. The high similarity between the experimental results indicates that the magnetic head-based eddy current displacement sensor can induce a highly focused eddy current field with a distribution range of 3 mm. The sensitivity of the sensor is 5 V mm−1 and the spatial resolution of the sensor is 3 mm.
The study of structural, magnetic, and microwave absorbing properties of graphene/hexagonal ferrite for microwave absorber
Authors: Sultan Faisal , Murtaza G , Nazir Ghazanfar , Aloufi Nuriyah Mohammed , Zelai Taharh , Kattan Nessrin A , Alshahrani Thamraa , Mahmood Q 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This work reports the synthesis and characterization of Y-type Hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22) and its composites with 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% rGO. Ferrites were fabricated using the hydrothermal method and then sintered for 6 h at 1000 °C. The formation of Y-type hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22) and Ferrites/rGO composites was confirmed using x-ray diffraction. Ferrite/rGO composites exhibited no diffraction peaks due to rGO, which may be due to staking disorders and uniformly dispersed graphene sheets. Scanning electron microscopy showed that graphene nanolayers are well-decorated with Y-type hexaferrite nanoparticles. FTIR spectra measured for Ba2Co2Fe12O22, rGO, and Ba2Co2Fe12O22/rGO nanocomposites revealed the presence of relevant functional chemical bonds. The dielectric properties studied between 1MHz-3GHz frequency range showed that composites of Ba2Co2Fe12O22/rGO perform better than pure ferrite. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was applied to determine the band gap, and rGO/Ferrites composites exhibited a band gap in the range of 4.4–4.6 eV. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements showed saturation magnetization of 26.2 emu g−1 in pure hexaferrite, which significantly lowered with rGO content in the composites. From enhanced absorption and reflection parameters of dielectric properties and magnetic loss that originate from the synergetic effect of rGO and Y-type hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22), this study suggests lightweight, flexible, and efficient EMI shielding composites.
Unravelling the intricacies of selenization in sequentially evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin film solar cells on flexible substrates
Authors: Regmi G , Rijal Sangita , Velumani S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGSe) thin films using a novel two-step approach. Firstly, we deposited metallic precursors (Cu/In/Ga) onto a Mo-coated stainless steel substrate using thermal evaporation at unintentional substrate temperature. Subsequently, selenization was carried out in a furnace under the presence of an inert gas. The quality of the CIGSe thin films was analyzed to explore the influence of selenization temperature (450 °C–550 °C) and duration (30 and 60 min), while maintaining an inert atmosphere inside the selenization furnace. The structural analysis revealed the progressive development of additional phases over time, resulting in the formation of a complete chalcopyrite CIGSe structure with the preferred reflection on the (112) plane. The absorber layer exhibited a thickness of 2 μm, with atomic ratios of 0.83 for Cu/(In+Ga) and 0.24 for Ga/(In+Ga) in the film selenized at 550 °C. P-type conductivity was observed in the CIGSe thin film, with a carrier concentration of up to 1017 cm−3, and it displayed a well-defined and uniform morphology characterized by a large grain size of approximately 0.9 μm. Utilizing the optimized conditions, we successfully fabricated solar cells on a flexible substrate, achieving a photoconversion efficiency of up to 9.91%. This research delves into the impact of selenization parameters on the growth of CIGSe absorber layers and introduces a new approach that could significantly influence the feasibility and industrialization of flexible solar cells.
Experimental and numerical study of solder bumps impact on the underfill fluid flow under electrohydrodynamic effect
Authors: Hassan Rizwan Ul , Khalil Shaheer Mohiuddin , Khan Saeed Ahmed , Ali Shahzaib , Hussain Hamza , Cho Dae-Hyun , Byun Doyoung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solder bumps can increase filling time, which is one of the main challenges in electronic packaging reliability. Here, we compare the capillary flow behavior between parallel plates with and without solder bumps to examine how solder bumps affect the length of the underfill fluid flow under the effects of an electric potential. We found that the solder bumps restrained the flow length, while the electric field enhanced it. By enhancing the voltage from 0 to 1000 V, in the case without solder bumps, the flow length increased by up to 30%, and it increased by up to 25% in the case of solder bumps. To determine the optimum bump design, we selected the diameter and pitch size of the solder bumps as the independent variables. The results revealed that larger pitch sizes and smaller diameters show longer fluid flow lengths. The effect of the electric field on varying nozzle positions was also investigated. We found that the fluid flow length increased when the nozzle was between the solder bumps compared to the top of the solder bumps. According to our observations, the nozzle position is also the main factor in determining the fluid flow length compared with the bump diameter and pitch sizes for the design of the underfill packaging process. Numerical simulations were also performed to compare the experimental results, and the average discrepancy between the experimental and numerical results at various time steps for different solder bump parameters was between 5 to 10%. Our findings demonstrate the potential of using electric potential in conjunction with solder bumps to control underfill flow, which can benefit flip-chip packaging applications. Numerical methods can accurately predict underfill fluid flow with solder bumps under the electric field effect.