bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bifurcation result for a Keller-Segel-type problem
Authors: Bisci Giovanni Molica , Servadei Raffaella , Vilasi Luca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider a parametric elliptic problem governed by the spectral Neumann fractional Laplacian on a bounded domain of$$\mathbb {R}^N$$RN,$$N\ge 2$$N≥2, with a general nonlinearity. This problem is related to the existence of steady states for Keller-Segel systems in which the diffusion of the chemical is nonlocal. By variational arguments we prove the existence of a weak solution as a local minimum of the corresponding energy functional and we derive some qualitative properties of this solution. Finally, we prove a regularity result for weak solutions of the problem under consideration, which is of independent interest.
Hospitalizations due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in Germany: a nationwide clinical and direct cost data analysis (2010–2019)
Authors: Niekler Patricia , Goettler David , Liese Johannes G. , Streng Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical and direct medical cost data on RSV-related hospitalizations are relevant for public health decision-making. We analyzed nationwide data on RSV-coded hospitalizations from Germany in different age and risk groups.

Methods
Assessment of RSV-coded hospitalizations (ICD-10-GM RSV-code J12.1/J20.5/J21.0 as primary discharge diagnosis) from 01/2010 to 12/2019, using remote data retrieval from the Hospital Statistics Database of the German Federal Statistical Office.

Results
Overall, 205,352 RSV-coded hospitalizations (198,139 children < 18 years, 1,313 adults, 5,900 seniors > 59 years) were reported (median age < 1 year, IQR 0; 1; 56% males, 32% with RSV pneumonia). Annual median RSV-coded hospitalization incidence was 24.8/100,000 persons (IQR 21.3; 27.5); children reported a median incidence of 145.8 (IQR 130.9; 168.3). Between 2010 and 2019, hospitalization incidence increased 1.7-fold/15.1-fold/103-fold in children/adults/seniors. Adults and seniors reported higher rates of underlying chronic conditions, complications, and intensive care treatment than children; of 612 in-hospital fatalities, 103/51/458 occurred in children/adults/seniors. Per-patient mean costs varied between 3286€ ± 4594 in 1–4-year-olds and 7215€ ± 13,564 among adults. Increased costs were associated with immune disorders (2.55-fold increase compared to those without), nervous system disorders (2.66-fold), sepsis (7.27-fold), ARDS (12.85-fold), intensive care (4.60-fold) and ECMO treatment (16.88-fold).

Conclusion
The economic burden of RSV-related hospitalizations in Germany is substantial, even when only considering cases with RSV-coded as the primary discharge diagnosis. Children represented the vast majority of RSV-coded hospitalizations. However, adults and seniors hospitalized for RSV were at a higher risk of severe complications, required more costly treatments, and had higher fatality rates; although their RSV-coded hospitalization incidence showed a clear upward trend since 2017, their true hospitalization incidence is still likely to be underestimated due to lack of routine RSV testing in these age groups. Hence, new treatments and vaccines for RSV ideally should also target adults and seniors in addition to children.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in bronchoalveolar fluid and blood in critically ill patients—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Reisinger Alexander C. , Hatzl Stefan , Prattes Juergen , Hackl Gerald , Schilcher Gernot , Eisner Florian , Niedrist Tobias , Raggam Reinhard , Krause Robert , Eller Philipp 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biologically active protein and increased levels are associated with worse outcomes in critically ill patients. suPAR in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) may be helpful to differentiate between types of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may have potential for early detection of fungal infection.

Methods
We prospectively investigated levels of suPAR in BALF and serum in critically ill patients who underwent bronchoscopy for any reason at the ICU of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Results
Seventy-five patients were available for analyses. Median age was 60 [25th–75th percentile: 50–69] years, 27% were female, and median SOFA score was 12 [11–14] points. Serum suPAR levels were significantly associated with ICU mortality in univariable logistic regression analysis. There was no correlation between BALF and serum suPAR. Serum suPAR was higher in ARDS patients at 11.2 [8.0–17.2] ng/mL compared to those without ARDS at 7.1 [3.7–10.1] (p < 0.001). BALF-suPAR was significantly higher in patients with evidence of fungal lung infection compared to patients without fungal infection both in the general cohort (7.6 [3.2–9.4] vs 2.5 [1.1–5.3], p = 0.013) and in the subgroup of ARDS (7.2 [3.1–39.2] vs 2.5 [1.0–5.2], p = 0.022). All patients were classified as putative/probable invasive aspergillosis.

Conclusion
We found significant higher levels of serum suPAR in ARDS patients compared to those not fulfilling ARDS criteria. Serum and BALF-suPAR were significantly higher in those patients with evidence for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These findings may suggest testing this biomarker for early diagnosis of fungal infection in a greater cohort.
C-sections on the rise: Is there a justification behind the escalating numbers?
Authors: Qureshi Amsal , Ali Anoshia , Alvi Areesha Moiz , Shigri Anum Fatima , Malikzai Abdullah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Caesarean section is the operative intervention for the delivery of a fetus that is unable to deliver vaginally due to indications like obstructed labor, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, etc. Recent studies indicate a rising trend in the number of C-sections performed annually and the impact it may have on maternal and fetal well-being.
<i>Phrenitis</i> and the Pathology of the Mind in Western Medical Thought
Authors: Thumiger Chiara 
Published: November 2023

Phrenitis is ubiquitous in ancient medicine and philosophy. Galen mentions the disease innumerable times, patristic authors take it as a favourite allegory of human flaws, and no ancient doctor fails to diagnose it and attempt its cure. Yet the nature of this once famous disease has not been understood properly by scholars. This book provides the first full history of phrenitis. In doing so, it surveys ancient ideas about the interactions between body and soul, both in health and in disease. It also addresses ancient ideas about bodily health, mental soundness and moral 'goodness', and their heritage in contemporary psychiatric ideas. Readers will encounter an exciting narrative about health, illness and care as embedded in ancient 'life', but will also be forced to reflect critically on our contemporary ideas of what it means to be 'insane'. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Large-scale morphological changes and sediment budget of the Western Scheldt estuary 1955–2020: the impact of large-scale sediment management
Authors: Elias Edwin P. L. , Van der Spek Ad J. F. , Wang Zheng Bing , Cleveringa Jelmer , Jeuken Claire J. L. , Taal Marcel , Van der Werf Jebbe J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Western Scheldt estuary, like in many estuaries, safe navigation, flood protection, and ecological targets require a balanced and sustainable sediment management. A thorough understanding of the morphodynamic functioning of the estuary and its response to changes in hydrodynamics (natural sediment transport) and large-scale interventions is imperative. This paper presents a detailed overview of over 65 years of morphological changes and a comprehensive sediment budget of the Western Scheldt estuary that is based on analysis of a unique series of frequent bathymetric surveys and historical data on human–sediment interactions of dredging, dredge disposal and sand mining. Solving the sediment budget reveals an annual sediment import of 2.2 million m3. The highest sediment imports occurred between 1980–1994 and 2005–2020 (2.9 and 3.7 million m3/year). A 1.3 million m3/year net export prevailed between 1994 and 2005. Natural variations in the hydrodynamics (e.g., tidal asymmetry and amplification) and sediment transports cannot explain the derived temporal variations in sediment import rates. Anthropogenic activities play a dominant role. Capital dredging of the main navigation channel has led to channel deepening and significantly increased dredge and disposal volumes. Disposal on tidal flats and in the secondary channel leads to a long-term storage of sand and, consequently, a local increase in bed level and a sand deficit in the remainder of the system that results in increased sediment imports. Large-scale disposal in the western part of the estuary can (temporarily) reverse the sediment exchange between the estuary and its mouth area, as observed between 1994 and 2005. Apparently, large-scale anthropogenic reallocation of sediment by dredging and/or disposal as part of navigation channel improvement, sand mining or nourishment essentially influences the morphological development of the Western Scheldt estuary. This reveals responsibilities as well as opportunities of sediment management for the Western Scheldt and similar estuaries worldwide.
Work-related resources and demands predicting the psychological well-being of staff in children’s hospices
Authors: Bedendo Andre , Papworth Andrew , Taylor Jo , Beresford Bryony , Mukherjee Suzanne , Fraser Lorna K. , Ziegler Lucy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study assessed the work-related resources and demands experienced by children’s hospice staff to help identify staff support systems and organizational practices that offer the most potential to prevent staff burnout and enhance well-being at work.MethodsThe relationships between individual and organizational characteristics, work-related resources and demands, and burnout and work engagement outcomes experienced by children’s hospice staff were explored using two surveys: the Children’s Hospice Staff survey, completed by UK children’s hospice staff, and the Children’s Hospice Organisation and Management survey, completed by the Heads of Care. We used structural equation modeling to assess the relationships between the variables derived from the survey measures and to test a model underpinned by the Job Demands-Resource (JD-R) theory.ResultsThere were 583 staff responses from 32 hospices, and 414 participants provided valid data for burnout and work engagement outcome measures. Most participants were females (95.4%), aged 51–65 years old (31.3%), and had more than 15 years of experience in life-limiting conditions (29.7%). The average score for burnout was 32.5 (SD: 13.1), and the average score for work engagement was 7.5 (SD: 1.5). The structural model validity showed good fit. Demands significantly predicted burnout (b = 4.65, p ≤ 0.001), and resources predicted work engagement (b = 3.09, p ≤ 0.001). The interaction between resources and demands only predicted work engagement (b = −0.31, p = 0.115). Burnout did not predict work engagement (b = −0.09, p = 0.194).Significance of resultsThe results partly supported the JD-R model, with a clear association between resources and work engagement, even when the demands were considered. Demands were only directly associated with burnout. The findings also identified a set of the most relevant aspects related to resources and demands, which can be used to assess and improve staff psychological well-being in children’s hospices in the UK.
Remembering the Cotton Screwmen: Inter-racial Waterfront Labor and the Development of Sailors’ Chanties
Authors: Schreffler Gibb 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prevailing white racial frame surrounding discourse on the sailor work songs called chanties (popularly, “sea shanties”) means that discussions tend to ignore or minimize these songs’ African American heritage. Articulating revised and more just historical narratives of chanties is additionally challenged by the normative approach of setting discussions within the spatial frame of the sea. We may overcome these challenges by recentering the frame of discussion on an adjacently situated space of shoreside labor and its actors, cotton screwmen. Throughout the nineteenth century, the United States’ cotton export trade depended upon screwmen's work of stowing cotton bales aboard ships in port. Although all screwmen were Black men during the profession's formative period, by mid-century, white men had joined the profession in complementary proportion. This created an unusual case, not only of both racial groups performing the same labor but also of white men entering and accommodating to an already-established “Black” labor environment. Importantly, from the advent of their profession, screwmen practiced singing to coordinate their labor. I argue that white sailors who came to work seasonally as screwmen were compelled to acculturate to existing African American work singing, and thus acquired the material and conceptual bases to develop the shipboard work songs best remembered as “chanties.” As the first ever sustained exposition of screwmen's forgotten singing, this essay contests both popular narratives’ granting of exclusive agency to white seafaring and academic discussions that tokenize African American heritage as an “influence” rather than the chanty genre's foundation.
The Asymmetric Predictive Power of Indian Ocean Dipole for Subsequent Year's ENSO: Role of Atlantic Ocean as an Intermediary
Authors: Fan Lei , Meng Xing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe examined the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)'s predictive ability for El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our findings indicate that positive IODs have a stronger impact on the subsequent year's ENSO compared to negative IODs. To explain this asymmetry, we proposed the “IOD‐Atlantic‐Pacific” pathway, which involves the Atlantic in boreal winter as an intermediary. The pathway comprises two stages: (a) The asymmetric “IOD‐Atlantic” connection, where positive IODs in autumn trigger winter Atlantic Niño while negative IODs cannot trigger Atlantic Niña. This asymmetry is due to the modulation of the climatological mean state on the IOD‐induced atmospheric anomalies. (b) The “Atlantic‐ENSO” connection, which is symmetric, where winter Atlantic Niño (Niña) promotes the development of La Niña (El Niño), functioning independently of ENSO's self‐oscillation behavior. The Atlantic intermediary mechanism explains the asymmetric connection between IOD and the subsequent year's ENSO and provides the IOD with independent predictive power for ENSO beyond its self‐oscillation.
Body composition in adults born preterm with very low birth weight
Authors: Jussinniemi Laura , Kulmala Maarit K. , Aakvik Kristina A. D. , Benum Silje D. , Jørgensen Anna P. M. , Balasuriya Chandima N. D. , Stunes Astrid K. , Syversen Unni , Indredavik Marit S. , Andersson Sture , Hovi Petteri , Evensen Kari Anne I. , Kajantie Eero 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies on body composition in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g) survivors are inconsistent and trajectories later in life unknown. We assessed body composition and its change from young to mid-adulthood in VLBW adults.

Methods
We studied 137 VLBW adults and 158 term-born controls from two birth cohorts in Finland and Norway at mean age 36 years. Body composition was assessed by 8-polar bioelectrical impedance. We compared results with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements at 24 years.

Results
In mid-adulthood, VLBW women and men were shorter than controls. Fat percentage (mean difference in women 1.1%; 95% CI, –1.5% to 3.5%, men 0.8%; –2.0% to 3.6%) and BMI were similar. VLBW women had 2.9 (0.9 to 4.8) kg and VLBW men 5.3 (2.7 to 8.1) kg lower lean body mass than controls, mostly attributable to shorter height. Between young and mid-adulthood, both groups gained fat and lean body mass (p for interaction VLBW x age>0.3).

Conclusion
Compared with term-born controls, VLBW adults had similar body fat percentage but lower lean body mass, largely explained by their shorter height. This could contribute to lower insulin sensitivity and muscular fitness previously found in VLBW survivors and predispose to functional limitations with increasing age.

Impact

In mid-adulthood, individuals born preterm with very low birth weight had similar body fat percentage but lower lean body mass than those born at term. This was largely explained by their shorter height.

First study to report longitudinal assessments of body size and composition from young to mid-adulthood in very low birth weight adults.

Lower lean body mass in very low birth weight adults could contribute to lower insulin sensitivity and muscular fitness and lead to earlier functional limitations with increasing age.
High state boredom vastly affects psychiatric inpatients and predicts their treatment duration
Authors: Seiler Johannes P.-H. , Zerr Katharina , Rumpel Simon , Tüscher Oliver 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBoredom is a ubiquitous, aversive human experience typically elicited by low information and monotony. Boredom can occur either as a transient mental state that prompts individuals to adapt their behavior to avoid monotony or as a temporally stable trait, describing a chronic susceptibility to feeling bored. Increased trait boredom was found to correlate with various psychopathologies and indicators of mental burden. However, the role of state boredom in psychopathological conditions and its implications for psychiatric treatment remain elusive. Here, we address this issue by investigating state boredom and trait boredom in a cohort of psychiatric inpatients and a healthy control cohort. We find that in both groups, state boredom, even more than trait boredom, shows remarkable associations with psychopathology. In the inpatient group, state boredom is implicated broadly in multiple mental disorders and shows an association with treatment in closed psychiatric wards. Furthermore, through statistical modeling, we find that high-state boredom during inpatient therapy is predictive of a longer therapy duration. Thus, we show that state boredom constitutes an indicator of mild and severe psychopathology in different mental disorders, affecting the outcome of psychiatric patients. Potential therapeutic interventions are discussed, aiming to enhance information flow in the brain in order to alleviate boredom in clinical settings.
Prospective implementation of AI-assisted screen reading to improve early detection of breast cancer
Authors: Ng Annie Y. , Oberije Cary J. G. , Ambrózay Éva , Szabó Endre , Serfőző Orsolya , Karpati Edit , Fox Georgia , Glocker Ben , Morris Elizabeth A. , Forrai Gábor , Kecskemethy Peter D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve breast cancer screening; however, prospective evidence of the safe implementation of AI into real clinical practice is limited. A commercially available AI system was implemented as an additional reader to standard double reading to flag cases for further arbitration review among screened women. Performance was assessed prospectively in three phases: a single-center pilot rollout, a wider multicenter pilot rollout and a full live rollout. The results showed that, compared to double reading, implementing the AI-assisted additional-reader process could achieve 0.7–1.6 additional cancer detection per 1,000 cases, with 0.16–0.30% additional recalls, 0–0.23% unnecessary recalls and a 0.1–1.9% increase in positive predictive value (PPV) after 7–11% additional human reads of AI-flagged cases (equating to 4–6% additional overall reading workload). The majority of cancerous cases detected by the AI-assisted additional-reader process were invasive (83.3%) and small-sized (≤10 mm, 47.0%). This evaluation suggests that using AI as an additional reader can improve the early detection of breast cancer with relevant prognostic features, with minimal to no unnecessary recalls. Although the AI-assisted additional-reader workflow requires additional reads, the higher PPV suggests that it can increase screening effectiveness.
Machine learning molecular dynamics reveals the structural origin of the first sharp diffraction peak in high-density silica glasses
Authors: Kobayashi Keita , Okumura Masahiko , Nakamura Hiroki , Itakura Mitsuhiro , Machida Masahiko , Urata Shingo , Suzuya Kentaro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) in the total structure factor has long been regarded as a characteristic feature of medium-range order (MRO) in amorphous materials with a polyhedron network, and its underlying structural origin is a subject of ongoing debate. In this study, we utilized machine learning molecular dynamics (MLMD) simulations to explore the origin of FSDP in two typical high-density silica glasses: silica glass under pressure and permanently densified glass. Our MLMD simulations accurately reproduce the structural properties of high-density silica glasses observed in experiments, including changes in the FSDP intensity depending on the compression temperature. By analyzing the simulated silica glass structures, we uncover the structural origin responsible for the changes in the MRO at high density in terms of the periodicity between the ring centers and the shape of the rings. The reduction or enhancement of MRO in the high-density silica glasses can be attributed to how the rings deform under compression.
Deep learning workflow for the inverse design of molecules with specific optoelectronic properties
Authors: Yoo Pilsun , Bhowmik Debsindhu , Mehta Kshitij , Zhang Pei , Liu Frank , Lupo Pasini Massimiliano , Irle Stephan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe inverse design of novel molecules with a desirable optoelectronic property requires consideration of the vast chemical spaces associated with varying chemical composition and molecular size. First principles-based property predictions have become increasingly helpful for assisting the selection of promising candidate chemical species for subsequent experimental validation. However, a brute-force computational screening of the entire chemical space is decidedly impossible. To alleviate the computational burden and accelerate rational molecular design, we here present an iterative deep learning workflow that combines (i) the density-functional tight-binding method for dynamic generation of property training data, (ii) a graph convolutional neural network surrogate model for rapid and reliable predictions of chemical and physical properties, and (iii) a masked language model. As proof of principle, we employ our workflow in the iterative generation of novel molecules with a target energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO).