bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharon Lockhart's Philosophy of the Casual: Toward an Eco-Cinema of Sociability
Authors: Sheehan Rebecca A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article considers the cinematic works of the contemporary American artist Sharon Lockhart in the context of what it identifies as philosophies and practices of “the casual,” from the impact of Emersonian aesthetics on post – World War II American avant-garde cinema to Lockhart's unique version of “hanging out,” which resonates considerably with how Leo Bersani defines sociability. Viewing Lockhart's aesthetic signatures (her use of extreme long takes, static long shots, the natural settings of the majority of her films, and the anonymous identity and relations of her subjects, many of whom are children) first as manifestations of Emerson's and Heidegger's efforts to avoid the violence of Western thinking that they call “clutching” and “grasping” at the world, and then as instantiations of Bersani's notion of sociability as “a form of relationality uncontaminated by desire,” the article argues that her films manifest an eco-cinema that proposes living less invasively in the world. It goes on to show that, for Lockhart, this environmental ethos emerges from her use of the casual to delicately craft a cinema of social care that allows its subjects the freedom of not having their relations or identities defined by or within the cinematic frame. Lockhart's cinema is thus unique for deploying an aesthetics that can be described as casual, oblique, and nonchalant, toward ethical ends that have both sociological and environmental implications, what Bersani terms “queer ecology.”
Toward a Feminist Fourth Cinema: Waru (2017)
Authors: Vonderheide Leah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This essay offers an analysis of Waru, an omnibus film written and directed by a sisterhood of nine Māori women, which illuminates a philosophy of Māori women's filmmaking and indicates new possibilities for a global Indigenous cinema. In the two decades since Māori filmmaker Barry Barclay declared the existence of a “fourth cinema,” the cinema of Indigenous peoples, the number of dramatic feature films by Indigenous directors around the globe has grown significantly, with particular attention garnered by the success of Māori filmmaker Taika Waititi. Yet, while it would be tempting to declare that Barclay's onetime ideal of a flourishing Indigenous cinema “outside the national orthodoxy” has been achieved, Māori women continue to be marginalized in the film industry. As many critics have noted, Merata Mita's Mauri (1988) remained the only dramatic feature film to be written and directed by a Māori woman for almost thirty years. That finally changed in 2017 with Waru. Drawing from the growing body of scholarship on mana wahine, often referred to as Māori feminism, by Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Aroha Yates-Smith, Naomi Simmonds, and Leonie Pihama, this essay argues that Waru's filmmakers recenter mana wahine to devise a new cinematic framework that is simultaneously Indigenous and feminist to enable Māori women to contribute not only to the fourth cinema envisioned by Barclay but also to a feminist fourth cinema grounded in values specific to Māori women.
Nonmaterial Overelaboration: Gender, Casting, and Camouflaged Labor in Pat Rocco's Promotional Travelogue
Authors: Freibert Finley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pat Rocco's ONE Adventure, a promotional film for a gay men's nonprofit's tourism subsidiary, documented early 1970s US-Europe homophile coalitions but also incorporated softcore sequences for commercial appeal to a gay male market. Yet Rocco's disavowal of pornography generally — and specifically in the case of ONE Adventure — elides the precarious labor that undergirded his films’ productions. This article proposes that gay media history needs to critically confront nonmaterial overelaboration — the covering over of the material conditions of media production — in media products, their paratexts, and historiography itself. It is necessary for gay media history to take up feminist production history methods to interrogate this elision of labor enacted by cultural history approaches to Pat Rocco's filmmaking. More broadly, the article's concept of nonmaterial overelaboration provides a critical avenue for focalizing labor in other areas of media history.
Beyond energy and growth: the role of metabolism in developmental signaling, cell behavior and diapause
Authors: Tippetts Trevor S. , Sieber Matthew H. , Solmonson Ashley 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Metabolism is crucial for development through supporting cell growth, energy production, establishing cell identity, developmental signaling and pattern formation. In many model systems, development occurs alongside metabolic transitions as cells differentiate and specialize in metabolism that supports new functions. Some cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to circumvent mutations or aberrant signaling, whereas other cell types require specific nutrients for developmental progress. Metabolic gradients and protein modifications enable pattern formation and cell communication. On an organism level, inadequate nutrients or stress can limit germ cell maturation, implantation and maturity through diapause, which slows metabolic activities until embryonic activation under improved environmental conditions.
Genome-wide identification of notochord enhancers comprising the regulatory landscape of the brachyury locus in mouse
Authors: Schifferl Dennis , Scholze-Wittler Manuela , Villaronga Luque Alba , Pustet Milena , Wittler Lars , Veenvliet Jesse V. , Koch Frederic , Herrmann Bernhard G. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The node and notochord are important signaling centers organizing the dorso-ventral patterning of cells arising from neuro-mesodermal progenitors forming the embryonic body anlage. Owing to the scarcity of notochord progenitors and notochord cells, a comprehensive identification of regulatory elements driving notochord-specific gene expression has been lacking. Here, we have used ATAC-seq analysis of FACS-purified notochord cells from Theiler stage 12-13 mouse embryos to identify 8921 putative notochord enhancers. In addition, we established a new model for generating notochord-like cells in culture, and found 3728 of these enhancers occupied by the essential notochord control factors brachyury (T) and/or Foxa2. We describe the regulatory landscape of the T locus, comprising ten putative enhancers occupied by these factors, and confirmed the regulatory activity of three of these elements. Moreover, we characterized seven new elements by knockout analysis in embryos and identified one new notochord enhancer, termed TNE2. TNE2 cooperates with TNE in the trunk notochord, and is essential for notochord differentiation in the tail. Our data reveal an essential role of Foxa2 in directing T-expressing cells towards the notochord lineage.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of esophageal carcinoma: An experience from tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Butt Nazish , Soomro Sabir Ali , Haider Ghulam , Zehra Aemon 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To describe current trends and characteristics of esophageal cancer (EC) over the past ten years largest tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: This single center retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan, between the period of ten years from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2019. Patient data including epidemiological characteristics such as age, gender, education, residence, occupation, addictions, comorbidities, symptoms, location of EC, laboratory parameters and histopathological type were recorded. All patients with missing histological and radiological findings were excluded.
Results: The mean age of all patients was 49.26±14.24 years and among them majority were females 566 (56.1%). Almost, 834 (82.7%) patients had SQC and 175 (17.3%) presented with ADS. Most common presenting symptom was dysphagia in both groups 327 (32.4%) followed by vomiting (22.8%) and weight loss 196 (19.4%). The Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings showed the distal esophagus involvement in most of the patients (36.3%) in both groups. CT scan findings showed that the lower region was the most involved region in 367 (36.4%) patients, followed by middle and upper in 227 (22.5%) and 156 (15.5%) patients respectively. The thickening of mass on CT- scan was circumferential in most of the patients (42.7%) in both groups.
Conclusion: According to our findings, SQC is more prevalent than ADC. Female predominance especially at younger age was most common as compared to past studies. No significant association between a single risk factor has been found in our study however smoking and betel nut chewing were found as known putative risk factors.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7419
How to cite this: Butt N, Soomro SA, Haider G, Zehra A. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of esophageal carcinoma: An experience from tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7419
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups among Blood Groups A and AB in healthy donors
Authors: Khanum Ayesha , Farhan Saima , Saqlain Nazish , Arshad Sundas 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of A2 and A2B subgroups among blood groups A and AB in healthy donors.
Methods: It was a Cross-Sectional study, conducted at the Department of Hematology & Transfusion Medicine, UCHS, The Children’s Hospital Lahore and Sundas foundation Lahore from June 2022 to December 2022 including 13,120 healthy blood donors of both genders, after taking informed consent. Venous blood samples of donors were collected in EDTA vials (3ml) and serum gel vial for routine blood grouping which was done by standard tube method. Further testing of donors positive for an antigen (blood Group-A and AB) was performed using anti-A1 lectin by standard tube method as per manufacturer’s instruction. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: Among 13120 blood donors, 12857 (97.9%) were male and 263 (2.0%) were female with mean age of 36.7 years ± 15.04 years. Majority of them (91.7%) were of Punjabi ethnicity. Donors having blood group phenotype A and AB were 3890 (29.6%). Among blood Group-A donors, A1 was found in 97.8% and A2 in 2.2% donors. While among Blood Group-AB, 96.7% donors belonged to A1B blood group and 3.2% belonged to A2B blood group.
Conclusions: Blood group A2 and A2B do exist in blood donors of Punjabi ethnicity. The knowledge of presence of these blood groups’ phenotypes in our population can provide a better base for transfusion staff to do troubleshooting in compatibility testing and to avoid any rare but hazardous transfusion outcome.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7916
How to cite this: Khanum A, Farhan S, Saqlain N, Arshad S. Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups among Blood Groups A and AB in healthy donors. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7916
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A case of stuck mechanical Tricuspid Valve
Authors: ABDUL NASIR  , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Salman Khan  , Ali Hamza 
Published: October 2023

A 34-year-old non hypertensive, non-diabetic and ill looking weak woman came to our emergency department with shortness of breath NYHA III-IV, severe bilateral pedal edema extending up to the thighs and gross ascites. Physical examination revealed 3mm pitting ankle and leg edema and hemodynamically was stable with raised jugular venous pressure. There was a closing and opening mechanical click on Cardiac auscultation. At the lower left sternal border, there was grade 2/6 holodiastolic rumble and a grade 2/6 systolic murmur. She had history of mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve replacement in 2017 with mechanical valves then she had Redo tricuspid valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis again after four months. No known food or drug allergy and psychosocial issues.
Her routine bloods Labs were normal and COVID-19 was negative. On chest X-ray P/A view images and echo showed markedly gross left sided pleural effusion. In Coronary angiogram showed normal coronaries and stuck tricuspid valve (Fig.1). Echocardiography report showed preserved LV systolic function (EF=57%), dilated left atrium and right atrium. Prosthetic mitral valve was seen at mitral position, well seated and well-functioning. The mechanical mitral valve was functioning well with normal disc motion with no thrombus formation. Prosthetic tricuspid valve was seen at tricuspid level with peak gradient of 22mmHg and shown stuck mechanical tricuspid discs stuck throughout the cardiac cycle, in a fully open position (Fig.2A and 2B). Atrial fibrillation was shown on ECG. The diagnosis was made as; pannus formation resulting in mechanical TV thrombosis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8362
How to cite this: Nasir A, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Khan S, Ali H. A case of stuck mechanical Tricuspid Valve. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8362
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preparing for the future of healthcare: Digital health literacy among medical students in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Imran Nazish , Farooq Zobia , Imran Ahad 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Digital Health Literacy (DHL) is becoming a cardinal competence for all healthcare professionals (HCPs) including medical students for meaningful digital transformation of healthcare. As medical students need to navigate an increasingly digitalized healthcare environment, thus the study’s objective was to assess digital health literacy among medical students.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore from October 2022 to August 2023. Medical students were asked to complete a pen and paper questionnaire of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) after informed consent. DHLI covers seven categories: operational skills, information searching strategy, analyzing the usefulness of online information, navigational abilities, contributing user-generated material to internet-based platforms, and privacy protection. SPSS was used for data analysis.
Results: Eight hundred ninety one medical students, from first year to final year, participated in the study. The overall mean score for DHL was 63.5 (SD=8.82). Medical students achieved a score of 83.2% of total score in their operational abilities, and 82.3% proficiency in privacy protection, which were deemed highly desirable. Furthermore, they achieved a satisfactory level in navigation skill (76.0%), information searching (73.1%), adding content (71.0%), determining the significance of data (70.1%), and assessing data reliability (68.7%), based on the overall score. A significant relationship was observed between the performance level of DHL domains and gender with higher scores in males in all domains except protecting privacy, which was higher in females and clinical years students (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion: The assessment of the DHL of medical students was deemed desirable. But certain obstacles were encountered in few domains of DHL i.e., data reliability, relevance determination, and content augmentation. It is imperative to elevate the level of DHL of medical students to harness the potential of digital technologies in enhancing healthcare.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8711
How to cite this: Farooq Z, Imran A, Imran N. Preparing for the future of healthcare: Digital health literacy among medical students in Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8711
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of Physician Payment Scheme on Diagnostic Effort and Testing
Authors: Adida Elodie , Dai Tinglong 
Published: October 2023

Diagnostic errors are common and can result in serious patient harm. Making the right diagnosis often requires significant diagnostic effort. Yet most physician payment schemes are procedure based and do not account for diagnostic effort or accuracy because of observability issues. In this paper, we develop a parsimonious model to examine the impact of a physician payment scheme on a physician’s decisions to (1) exert diagnostic effort and (2) perform a confirmatory test. High effort provides an informative (though imperfect) signal of the patient’s true state; the test is confirmatory in that it is a prerequisite for diagnosing a severe condition. Our model uses a two-step diagnostic process to capture the interaction between the physician’s diagnostic effort and testing decisions. We show that under a fee-for-service payment scheme, the physician may view the diagnostic effort and the confirmatory test as either complementary or substitutive, depending on the additional revenue from testing. We also reveal nonmonotonic properties such that a more patient-centered physician may not exert more effort or provide a more accurate diagnosis. In addition, either a flat or differentiated payment scheme may be optimal. We also show that an alternative payment scheme, under which the revenue from the confirmatory test is contingent on its result, can induce the social optimum under certain conditions. With the advent of artificial intelligence as part of the standard of care and its increasing use as confirmatory tests, our research has implications for the design of physician payment systems in light of concerns about the potential erosion of individual attention. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management. Funding: T. Dai was supported by the Johns Hopkins Discovery Award (2022–2024) and the Hopkins Business of Health Initiative Seed Grant (2022–2023). Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4937 .
Bandits atop Reinforcement Learning: Tackling Online Inventory Models with Cyclic Demands
Authors: Gong Xiao-Yue , Simchi-Levi David 
Published: October 2023

Motivated by a long-standing gap between inventory theory and practice, we study online inventory models with unknown cyclic demand distributions. We design provably efficient reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms that leverage the structure of inventory problems to achieve optimal theoretical guarantees that surpass existing results. We apply the standard performance measure in online learning literature, regret, which is defined as the difference between the total expected cost of our policy and the total expected cost of the clairvoyant optimal policy that has full knowledge of the demand distributions a priori. This paper analyzes, in the presence of unknown cyclic demands, both the lost-sales model with zero lead time and the multiproduct backlogging model with positive lead times, fixed joint-ordering costs and order limits. For both models, we first introduce episodic models where inventory is discarded at the end of every cycle, and then build upon these results to analyze the nondiscarding models. Our RL policies HQL and FQL achieve [Formula: see text] regret for the episodic lost-sales model and the episodic multiproduct backlogging model, matching the regret lower bound that we prove in this paper. For the nondiscarding models, we construct a bandit learning algorithm on top that governs multiple copies of the previous RL algorithms, named Meta-HQL. Meta-HQL achieves [Formula: see text] regret for the nondiscarding lost-sales model with zero lead time, again matching the regret lower bound. For the nondiscarding multiproduct backlogging model, our policy Mimic-QL achieves [Formula: see text] regret. Our policies remove the regret dependence on the cardinality of the state-action space for inventory problems, which is an improvement over existing RL algorithms. We conducted experiments with a real sales data set from Rossmann, one of the largest drugstore chains in Europe, and also with a synthetic data set. For both sets of experiments, our policy converges rapidly to the optimal policy and dramatically outperforms the best policy that models demand as independent and identically distributed instead of cyclic. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science. Funding: X.-Y. Gong was partially supported by an Accenture Fellowship. The work of X.-Y. Gong and D. Simchi-Levi was partially supported by the MIT Data Science Lab. Supplemental Material: The data and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4947 .
Electric Vehicle Charge Scheduling with Flexible Service Operations
Authors: Klein Patrick S. , Schiffer Maximilian 
Published: October 2023

Operators who deploy large fleets of electric vehicles often face a challenging charge scheduling problem. Specifically, time-ineffective recharging operations limit the profitability of charging during service operations such that operators recharge vehicles off duty at a central depot. Here, high investment cost and grid capacity limit available charging infrastructure such that operators need to schedule charging operations to keep the fleet operational. In this context, flexible service operations, that is, allowing delayed or expedited vehicle departures, can potentially increase charger utilization. Beyond this, jointly scheduling charging and service operations promises operational cost savings through better utilization of time-of-use energy tariffs and carefully crafted charging schedules designed to minimize battery wear. Against this background, we study the resulting joint charging and service operations scheduling problem accounting for battery degradation, nonlinear charging, and time-of-use energy tariffs. We propose an exact branch-and-price algorithm, leveraging a custom branching rule and a primal heuristic to remain efficient during the branch-and-bound phase. Moreover, we develop an exact labeling algorithm for our pricing problem, constituting a resource-constrained shortest path problem that considers variable energy prices and nonlinear charging operations. We benchmark our algorithm in a comprehensive numerical study and show that it can solve problem instances of realistic size with computational times below one hour, thus enabling its application in practice. Additionally, we analyze the benefit of jointly scheduling charging and service operations. We find that our integrated approach lowers the amount of charging infrastructure required by up to 57% besides enabling operational cost savings of up to 5%. Funding: This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy [Grant 01MV21020B]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0272 .