bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent genetic differentiation between upland and lowland rice ecotypes within japonica and indica subspecies during their adaptations to different soil‐nitrogen conditions
Authors: Zhou Heng‐Ling , Wang Lei , Yue Yun‐Xia , Luo Zhi , Wang Shun‐Jie , Zhou Li‐Guo , Luo Li‐Jun , Xia Hui , Yan Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe soil‐nitrogen condition, which differs greatly between paddy fields (mainly in the form of ammonium, NH4+) and dry fields (mainly in the form of nitrate, NO3−), is a main environmental factor that drives the adaptive differentiation between upland and lowland rice ecotypes. However, the adaptive differentiation in terms of the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) between upland and lowland rice has not been well addressed. In this study, we evaluated NUE‐related traits among rice landraces as well as the genetic differentiation between NUE‐associated genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The japonica upland and lowland rice ecotypes showed large differences in their NUE‐related traits such as the absorption ability for NH4+ and NO3−. The indica upland and lowland rice exhibited similar performances when cultivated in solutions containing NH4+ or NO3− or when planted in paddy or dry fields. However, the indica upland rice possessed a greater ability to absorb NO3−. We identified 76 QTLs for 25 measured traits using genome‐wide association analysis. The highly differentiated NUE‐associated genes or QTLs between ecotypes were rarely shared by japonica and indica subspecies, indicating an independent genetic basis for their soil‐nitrogen adaptations. We suggested four genes in three QTLs as the candidates contributing to rice NUE during the ecotypic differentiation. In summary, the soil‐nitrogen condition drives the adaptive differentiation of NUE between upland and lowland rice independently within the japonica and indica subspecies. These findings can strengthen our understanding of rice adaptation to divergent soil‐nitrogen conditions and have implications for the improvement of NUE.
Human to machine innovation: Does legal personhood and inventorship threshold offer any leeway?
Authors: Igbokwe Ezinne Mirian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) continues to be a powerful tool in the research and development ecosystem. AI computers are invented to assist human invention and also created to invent. Where an AI is created to invent, through self‐learning, they can interact with set of data presumably created by humans and as a result, a new patentable invention(s) can emerge. However, where the AI inventors and the resulting inventions sit within the inventorship legal framework, and the theory of legal personhood continues to raise legal and policy questions that challenge some underlying or presumed settled intellectual property law assumptions. One of the contentions has been the implications of the AI machine's autonomous inventions on the legislative and judicially established threshold for patent inventorship and the jurisprudential theory of legal personhood. The judicial decisions in the United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), and Australia in the Device for the Autonomous Bootstrapping of Unified Sentience (DABUS) patent applications have given judicial certainty on whether AI machine inventors qualify as inventors. However, they also reawakened the debate about the need to sustain patent incentives for AI innovations. This article draws from the inventorship threshold in the UK and US following the court decisions in the DABUS cases. The judicial decisions of courts and the administrative judgements of national Intellectual Property Offices (IPOs) relating to inventorship as well as the theory of legal personhood, reveal that an AI machine invention can be patent eligible. However, the machine does not satisfy the inventorship criteria and consequently is incapable of being named an inventor. On the other hand, the inventorship requirement of contemporaneous conception and reduction to practice meant that an AI owner/programmer may not satisfy the requirement of inventorship, even though he/she programmed the inventing machine. These decisions and judgements favour an implied situation where autonomous AI inventions could be without named inventors and owners. Consequently, those inventions will automatically form part of prior arts thereby rendering myriads of future human and AI inventions obvious or already existing in the public domain. In contributing to the discourse, this article advances the argument that to optimise the patent system, national IPOs and the courts can rely on ‘simultaneous conception and reduction to practice’ to recognise the programmer/owner or other relevant stakeholders in AI innovation as the inventor of AI autonomous inventions.
Penetrance, cancer incidence and survival in HFE haemochromatosis—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Schaefer Benedikt , Pammer Lorenz M. , Pfeifer Bernhard , Neururer Sabrina , Troppmair Maria R. , Panzer Marlene , Wagner Sonja , Pertler Elke , Gieger Christian , Kronenberg Florian , Lamina Claudia , Tilg Herbert , Zoller Heinz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsHaemochromatosis is characterized by progressive iron overload affecting the liver and can cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most haemochromatosis patients are homozygous for p.C282Y in HFE, but only a minority of individuals with this genotype will develop the disease. The aim was to assess the penetrance of iron overload, fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and life expectancy.MethodsA total of 8839 individuals from the Austrian region of Tyrol were genotyped for the p.C282Y variant between 1997 and 2021. Demographic, laboratory parameters and causes of death were assessed from health records. Penetrance, survival, and cancer incidence were ascertained from diagnosed cases, insurance‐ and cancer registry data. Outcomes were compared with a propensity score‐matched control population.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis in 542 p.C282Y homozygous individuals was 47.8 years (64% male). At genotyping, the prevalence of iron overload was 55%. The cumulative penetrance of haemochromatosis defined as the presence of provisional iron overload was 24.2% in males and 10.5% in females aged 60 years or younger. Among p.C282Y homozygotes of the same ages, the cumulative proportion of individuals without fibrosis (FIB‐4 score < 1.3) was 92.8% in males and 96.7% in females. Median life expectancy was reduced by 6.8 years in individuals homozygous for p.C282Y when compared with population‐matched controls (p = .001). Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence was not significantly higher in p.C282Y homozygotes than in controls matched for age and sex.ConclusionReduced survival and the observed age‐dependent increase in penetrance among p.C282Y homozygotes call for earlier diagnosis of haemochromatosis to prevent complications.
Short anesthesia without intravenous fluid therapy in children: Results of a prospective non‐interventional multicenter observational study
Authors: Vetter Lisa , Sümpelmann Robert , Rudolph Diana , Röher Katharina , Vetter Mathäus , Boethig Dietmar , Eich Christoph , Dennhardt Nils 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe German guidelines recommend that intravenous fluid therapy should not be mandatorily performed in children with short fasting times undergoing short anesthesia, but there is a lack of clinical studies including a large number of pediatric patients. Therefore, we performed a prospective non‐interventional multicenter observational study to evaluate the perioperative hemodynamic and metabolic stability of children undergoing short anesthesia without intravenous fluid therapy.AimsThe primary aim was to assess the incidence of hypotension and the secondary aim was to assess the real preoperative fasting times, the incidence of hypoglycemia and the impact on ketone bodies and acid–base balance.MethodsChildren aged 1 month–18 years undergoing short anesthesia (<1 h) without intravenous fluid therapy were enrolled. Patient demographics, the surgical or diagnostic procedure performed, anesthesia, hemodynamic, laboratory data, and adverse events were documented using a standardized case report form.ResultsFour hundred and twenty seven children that were investigated at three pediatric centers from July 2021 to June 2022 (mean age 83.4 ± 58.9 months, body weight 27.9 ± 19.8 kg) were included in the analysis. The real preoperative fasting times were 14.2 ± 3.6 h for solids, 7.2 ± 3.5 h for milk and 5 ± 4.8 h for clear fluids. During the course of anesthesia, hypotension (<2.5th percentile) was detected in 3 of 427 cases (0.7%), hypoglycemia (glucose <3.0 mmol L−1) in 1 of 355 cases (0.3%), and ketosis (ketone bodies ≥0.6 mmol L−1) in 51 of 233 cases (21.9%). The occurrence of ketosis was associated with lower body weight (p <.001) and longer fasting times for solids or milk (p =.021), but not for clear fluids (p =.69).ConclusionsOur study supported the German guidelines recommendation that perioperative intravenous fluid therapy is not mandatory in children beyond the neonatal period with short pre‐ and postoperative fasting times undergoing short anesthesia (<1 h).
The prognosis of delirium in older outpatients
Authors: Quispel‐Aggenbach Daisy WP , Zuidema Sytse U , Luijendijk Hendrika J 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric disorder. The prognosis of delirium in older patients living at home has not been studied often before. The aim of this study is to examine the prognosis of delirium in patients attending a memory clinic of a psychiatric hospital.MethodThe study population consisted of 85 outpatients diagnosed with delirium between October 2013 and October 2014. Seventeen patients had already been diagnosed as having dementia. Three months after the diagnosis, consenting patients underwent a follow‐up visit. We recorded delirium status (remitted or not), new dementia diagnosis, subjective cognitive functioning compared to baseline and to before delirium, level of daily functioning, and place of residence.ResultsAfter 3 months, 45 (53%) had recovered from delirium, 19 (22,4%) had persistent/recurrent delirium, 12 (14%) patients had died, and another nine (11%) could not be revisited for other reasons than death. None of the 64 re‐examined patients reported that their cognitive functioning had recovered to the pre‐delirium level, and the mean level of daily functioning did not substantially improve either. The rate of diagnosed dementia increased to 63.8%, and 18 patients (28.1%) had moved to a nursing home.ConclusionsDelirium in older outpatients has a poor prognosis. A larger study on the risk factors of the prognosis of delirium in older persons living at home is advised.
The Social Factors Associated with COVID‐19 Vaccine Distrust in the United States
Authors: Espinoza Luis Enrique , Jimenez David , Talleff Jennifer L. , Zubieta Gerardo , Vega Bonifacio , Ray Reagan Allison 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examined whether specific social factors are associated with COVID‐19 vaccination distrust. Data originated from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey Phase 3.3 Week 42 collected from January 26 to February 7, 2022. In total, 38,504 adults answered the questions regarding receiving the COVID‐19 vaccine, COVID‐19 vaccine distrust, and the designated social factors. Logistic regression and ordinal regression were performed to examine specific social factors associated with the COVID‐19 vaccine to determine if differences were seen in a dichotomous outcome or scale outcome for distrust. Over 7% of men reported 1 or both types of COVID‐19 distrust compared to 6.6% of women. Men were more likely to distrust the COVID‐19 vaccine than women. There was a significant association between educational attainment and COVID‐19 distrust scale. The same association was seen also in household income and COVID‐19 distrust scale. Overall, this study identified specific social factors were a strong predictor of COVID‐19 vaccination distrust. These findings can assist public health efforts to reduce the health inequity of COVID‐19 vaccination efforts and reduce distrust in racial‐ethnic minorities.
Shame, suicidal ideation, and urges for non‐suicidal self‐injury among individuals with borderline personality disorder receiving dialectical behavior therapy: The mediating role of anger
Authors: Weatherford Jessica V. , Ruork Allison K. , Yin Qingqing , Lopez Ana C. , Rizvi Shireen L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a disorder of pervasive emotion dysregulation associated with high rates of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). Understanding specific emotion states in relation to SITB is important for effective intervention.MethodsThe current study examined whether, and how, the specific emotion of shame contributes to suicide ideation and urges to engage in non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) both directly, and indirectly via anger, among individuals with BPD. Participants (N = 100) were enrolled in a 6‐month comprehensive dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) program and provided daily ratings of shame, anger, suicide ideation, and urges for NSSI.ResultsWe found that higher daily ratings of shame and anger were directly associated with higher same‐day ratings of both suicidal ideation and urges for NSSI. Furthermore, anger partially mediated the relationships between shame and both suicidal ideation and urges for NSSI.ConclusionThese findings highlight shame and anger as potential antecedents of SITB among individuals with BPD. Clinical approaches, such as DBT, that include personalized, ongoing, clinical assessment of these specific affective states may be particularly important for treatment of SITB.
“Breaking the silence” suicide Prevention media campaign in Oregon: Evaluation of impact on help‐seeking and suicide mortality
Authors: Gould Madelyn S. , Lake Alison M. , Chowdhury Saba , Noble Emily , Keyes Katherine M. , Gimbrone Catherine , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionResearch has established that suicide‐related media can impact suicide rates both positively and negatively, supporting efforts to engage the media in the service of suicide prevention. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the impact of a suicide prevention media campaign implemented April 7–14, 2019 in Oregon.MethodsSeveral indices of help‐seeking behavior and suicide risk were employed: suicide‐related Google Health API searches, National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) (currently known as the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline) call volume, and state suicide mortality data from April 7, 2016—May 6, 2019. Eight states with similar 2016–2018 average suicide rates were compared with Oregon. Bayesian structural time‐series modeling in R was used to test intervention effects.ResultsDuring the 30 days following the start of the campaign, there was a significant increase in Lifeline calls from Oregon area codes (2488 observed vs. 2283 expected calls, p = 0.03). There were no significant changes in suicide mortality or suicide‐related Google searches in Oregon.ConclusionsThe campaign appeared to increase help‐seeking behavior in the form of Lifeline calls, without any indication of an iatrogenic suicide contagion effect. However, the campaign's potential to reduce suicide mortality was unmet.
Molecular basis for the interference of the Arabidopsis WRKY54‐mediated immune response by two sequence‐unrelated bacterial effectors
Authors: Kim Haseong , Kim Jieun , Choi Du Seok , Kim Min‐Sung , Deslandes Laurent , Jayaraman Jay , Sohn Kee Hoon 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYArabidopsis thaliana WRKY proteins are potential targets of pathogen‐secreted effectors. RESISTANT TO RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM 1 (RRS1; AtWRKY52) is a well‐studied Arabidopsis nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor carrying a C‐terminal WRKY domain that functions as an integrated decoy. RRS1‐R recognizes the effectors AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi and PopP2 from Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum by direct interaction through its WRKY domain. AvrRps4 and PopP2 were previously shown to interact with several AtWRKYs. However, how these effectors selectively interact with their virulence targets remains unknown. Here, we show that several members of subgroup IIIb of the AtWRKY family are targeted by AvrRps4 and PopP2. We demonstrate that several AtWRKYs induce cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating the activation of immune responses. AtWRKY54 was the only cell death‐inducing AtWRKY that interacted with both AvrRps4 and PopP2. We found that AvrRps4 and PopP2 specifically suppress AtWRKY54‐induced cell death. We also demonstrate that the amino acid residues required for the avirulence function of AvrRps4 and PopP2 are critical for suppressing AtWRKY54‐induced cell death. AtWRKY54 residues predicted to form a binding interface with AvrRps4 were predominantly located in the DNA binding domain and necessary for inducing cell death. Notably, one AtWRKY54 residue, E164, contributes to affinity with AvrRps4 and is exclusively present among subgroup IIIb AtWRKYs, yet is located outside of the DNA‐binding domain. Surprisingly, AtWRKY54 mutated at E164 evaded AvrRps4‐mediated cell death suppression. Taking our observations together, we propose that AvrRp4 and PopP2 specifically target AtWRKY54 to suppress plant immune responses.
Patient and caregiver perceptions of the possibility of home blood transfusions
Authors: Binder Adam F. , Hossain Alavi , Doshi Riyana , Vivero Angelica , Gonzalez Karla Martin , Gentsch Alexzandra , Wilde Lindsay , Rising Kristin L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with hematologic malignancies (HM) often develop transfusion dependence. The patient and caregiver burdens associated with the need for frequent transfusions are high. Home blood transfusions has the potential to reduce these burdens, but is not widely practiced in the United States. We designed a qualitative study to evaluate the patient and caregiver perceptions of the potential for a home blood transfusion program.Study Design and MethodsEligible patients included Adult (≥18 years) patients who were English speaking and met the definition for transfusion dependence within 3 months of study enrollment. We identified and interviewed eligible participants (patients and caregivers), using a semi‐structured interview guide to elicit patient perceptions of the acceptability, barriers, and benefits related to home blood product transfusions. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Results were imported into NVivo 12 (version 12; QSR International, Burlington, VT) for coding and analysis.ResultsWe recruited participants until we reached thematic saturation, which occurred at 29 participants (20 patients, 9 caregivers). Among the 20 patient participants, nine had MDS (45%) and 11 had acute leukemia (55%). Most of the patients (60%) reported getting one transfusion per week. Four themes emerged when the participants discussed their perception regarding the potential of a home blood transfusion program: (1) current in‐person experience, (2) caregiver burden, (3) perceptions of home blood transfusions, and (4) interest in participating in a home blood transfusion program.ConclusionThe concept of home blood transfusions was well received and further research to study its implementation is warranted.
End of selection criteria based on sexual orientation: An international symposium on alternatives to donation deferral
Authors: Lewin Antoine , Goldman Mindy , Busch Michael P. , Davison Katy , van de Laar Thijs , Tiberghien Pierre , Shinar Eilat , O'Brien Sheila F. , Lambert Gilles , Field Stephen , Hervig Tor , Tan Darrell H. S. , Custer Brian , Drews Steven J. , Lanteri Marion C. , Klochkov Denis , Widmer Eleonora , Domingue Marie‐Pier , Renaud Christian , Germain Marc 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesUntil recently, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) were deferred from donating blood for 3–12 months since the last male‐to‐male sexual contact. This MSM deferral has been discontinued by several high‐income countries (HIC) that now perform gender‐neutral donor selection.Materials and MethodsAn international symposium (held on 20‐04‐2023) gathered experts from seven HICs to (1) discuss how this paradigm shift might affect the mitigation strategies for transfusion‐transmitted infections and (2) address the challenges related to gender‐neutral donor selection.ResultsMost countries employed a similar approach for implementing a gender‐neutral donor selection policy: key stakeholders were consulted; the transition was bridged by time‐limited deferrals; donor compliance was monitored; and questions or remarks on anal sex and the number and/or type of sexual partners were often added. Many countries have now adopted a gender‐neutral approach in which questions on pre‐ and post‐exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been added (or retained, when already in place). Other countries used mitigation strategies, such as plasma quarantine or pathogen reduction technologies for plasma and/or platelets.ConclusionThe experience with gender‐neutral donor selection has been largely positive among the countries covered herein and seems to be acceptable to stakeholders, donors and staff. The post‐implementation surveillance data collected so far appear reassuring with regards to safety, although longer observation periods are necessary. The putative risks associated with HIV antiretrovirals should be further investigated.
Drought tolerance in tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana): Understanding mechanisms and competitive ability
Authors: Ouriques Bastiani Marlon , Guidorizi Kezia Aparecida , Benedetti Lariza , Rockenbach Dalvane , Caratti Fernanda Cassiane , Zabala‐Pardo Diana Milena , Avila Luis Antonio , Souza Gustavo Maia , Lamego Fabiane Pinto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEragrostis plana Nees is a perennial grass weed, native to South Africa and an invasive species of dry rangelands across Asia, Australia, and South America. We hypothesise that E. plana has evolved mechanisms of acclimation to drought conditions to a greater extent than bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), an important native grass forage species of livestock rangelands of Brazil, leading to a competitive advantage. We measured morphological, physiological, and biochemical response traits in E. plana and P. notatum to water deficit and competition. Levels of drought tolerance in the two species were greatest at the tillering growth stage, driven by low levels of leaf relative water content in E. plana and early stomatal regulation to avoid water loss in P. notatum. The mechanisms used to dissipate energy excess under drought are associated with an efficient antioxidant system and the biosynthesis of compatible osmolytes (proline). Despite reductions in fitness, both species survived a series of drought cycles, where E. plana showed a competitive advantage over P. notatum. These results help to explain the invasion success of E. plana in rangelands and demonstrate its potential threat to native biodiversity, particularly under drought conditions.