bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming Assemblage
Authors: Asenbaum Hans 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDemocratic participation is often described in spatial terms. New forms of participation such as citizens’ assemblies or social movement gatherings are referred to as ‘democratic spaces’. Yet, it remains unclear what is spatial about this kind of democratic engagement. This chapter develops an in-depth conceptualization of democratic space and asks how the identities of participants are produced within these spaces. It brings together two strands of literature, combining insights from the study of physical sites of democratic engagement with studies that use the term ‘space’ in a metaphorical sense to conceptualize social and discursive interaction. Drawing on Hannah Arendt and Judith Butler’s work on the space of appearance and taking inspiration from new materialist thought, the chapter generates a concept of democratic spaces as assemblages consisting of material objects, sentient bodies, and performative expressions. The interaction between these components affords, restricts, and suggests possible action. The chapter draws on a variety of empirical examples including parliamentary buildings, the occupations of public squares, and the seating order in citizens’ assemblies to explore the effects of material, sentient, and performative space. Democratic subjects and their identities are simultaneously products and producers of democratic spaces. Spaces and subjects relate to one another in a dialectical manner so that alterations of identity trigger alterations of space and vice versa.
Becoming Multiple
Authors: Asenbaum Hans 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhen we take part in democratic spaces such as citizens’ assemblies or social movement gatherings, we are judged by our looks, our gender, race, sexuality, age, and bodily ability. Our everyday identities restrict how we can express ourselves, what we can say and who we can be. This chapter develops the concept of a politics of becoming which is realized through disidentification. It explores the freedom of the democratic subject to change. It first considers feminist, participatory, deliberative, and agonistic theory in the search for modes of self-transformation. As these four perspectives render limited results, the chapter introduces a recently evolving perspective: transformative democracy calls for radical transformation of society, as a deep experience of freedom and equality. This transformative perspective enables a politics of becoming. At the heart of the politics of becoming is the notion of disidentification—the rejection of hegemonic identity interpellations through social movements. This results in the emergence of new collective subjects with improper names, such as the ‘99 percent’ or ‘Anonymous’. What remains unexplained, however, is how disidentification can be experienced on an individual rather than a collective level. To answer this question, the chapter infuses transformative democratic thought with intersectional and Black queer theory. Understanding identity performances as masquerade allows for thinking about how the everyday masks subjects are wearing can be deconstructed, resignified, or even abolished. Disidentification enables a temporary interruption of everyday identities, which allows for the expression of different sides of the multiple self.
Becoming Anonymous
Authors: Asenbaum Hans 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough anonymity is a central feature of democratic participation—for example in the secret ballot—democratic theory has been surprisingly quiet on this matter. This chapter explores anonymity in voting, campaign funding, masked protest, pamphleteering, graffiti, and online debate. It generates the first concept of anonymity rooted in democratic theory. Anonymity rearranges democratic space by interrupting the established order of things through interfaces such as masks or computer screens. This spatial rearrangement generates a channel from private into public space. But anonymity does not always have democratic effects. Rather, anonymity affords three sets of contradictory freedoms: inclusion and exclusion, subversion and submission, honesty and deception. Anonymity is always liberating—freeing the subject to express its multiple self. This freedom is, however, used in both constructive and destructive ways. Anonymity appears as inherently ambivalent. The chapter explores the effects of anonymity in various empirical examples including the hacktivist collective Anonymous, the Ku Klux Klan, Pussy Riot, the US constitutional debate, and bathroom graffiti. Anonymity’s ambivalent effects are highly context dependent. They are shaped by the communicative infrastructure, the power relations between participants, and the configuration of identity knowledge.
Unleashing the Democratic Microverse
Authors: Asenbaum Hans 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat does the politics of becoming contribute to an emancipatory strategy towards democratic futures? The concluding chapter situates the politics of becoming in a larger progressive project of radical democratic transformations. It offers a concise recap of the politics of becoming developed throughout the book and summarizes how self-transformation can take place in democratic spaces through disidentification and anonymity. It then revisits debates that pit the recognition of identity against the redistribution of economic goods and argues for the inherent connection between these two strategies. Rereading the democratic (deliberative) systems debate through assemblage theory, the chapter introduces the concept of a democratic microverse—a miniature participatory configuration that prefigures a potential future constellation. The democratic microverse extends from the individual democratic subject to democratic spaces and finally to a societal and potentially planetary level. It interrupts the dominant logics of the present by rearranging assemblages of human and nonhuman bodies and in doing so opens spaces for democratic transformations. Not only the subject itself, but the political and societal system is subject to change.
Contributory Negligence
Authors: Nolan Donal , Goudkamp James 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The doctrine of contributory negligence, which is a cornerstone of private law, is very frequently invoked in practice and also raises a host of pressing theoretical issues. This volume provides legal practitioners and scholars with a clear and comprehensive exposition of the legal principles governing contributory negligence alongside an empirically informed analysis of the way in which the doctrine operates in various recurrent factual scenarios. The doctrinal analysis is supplemented by a consideration of the historical antecedents of the relevant principles and their normative underpinnings. The bulk of the work consists of five chapters in which the authors provide an introductory overview of the doctrine, and then proceed to consider its scope, when a finding of contributory negligence will be made, the consequences of such a finding, the relationship between the doctrine and other rules, and matters relating to procedure and appeals. A detailed appendix sets out the discounts imposed for contributory negligence in a range of frequently occurring situations. Although the focus is on the position in the United Kingdom, account is also taken of the case law and literature in several other common law jurisdictions.
Introduction
Authors: Swallow Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the introduction, the diachronic and synchronic chains of Aristophanic reception in the nineteenth century are explored, and the territory is laid for further investigation. After a brief discussion of reception theory and the geographical and chronological scope of this monograph, Aristophanes’ British reception is traced back to the early-modern period, as is his reception in Europe and the wider British Empire. British historians’ various appropriations of Aristophanes are also explored. The state of politics in the long-nineteenth century is also set out as an important piece of context, particularly as pertains to the battles over theatre censorship and reform.
Aristophanes Burlesqued
Authors: Swallow Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For about forty years from the start of the Victorian period, the British theatre was dominated by burlesque, a form of popular entertainment that incorporated parody, comedy, stagecraft, and musical theatre. It frequently engaged with the classics as well; countless burlesques travestied Greek tragedy, classical epic, myth, and history. Despite the genre’s obvious similarity to Aristophanic humour, however, only one burlesque was performed which directly parodied Old Comedy—James Robinson Planché’s The Birds of Aristophanes (1846). This chapter explores the Victorian burlesque genre to discover why Planché decided to write his adaptation of Aristophanes and why the play was ultimately unsuccessful. It sets Birds into context as a reactionary piece of theatre written during a period of major political reform.
The Glory and the Shame
Authors: Swallow Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the aesthetic reception of Aristophanes after the 1873 publication of John Addington Symonds’ influential Studies of the Greek Poets. Symonds largely sets aside the party politics of Aristophanes’ reception up to this point to explore a different facet of his work—the aesthetic, artistic beauty of Aristophanes’ verse. After discussing Symonds’ consciously aesthetic approach, the influence of his re-evaluation on the works of Oscar Wilde and Algernon Charles Swinburne, then the counter-criticism of George Meredith, Robert Browning, and Aubrey Beardsley, are all explored. Each rejected Symonds’ model of a beautiful and apolitical Aristophanes. These men asked and answered differently the same fundamental question: Is Aristophanes beautiful?
Towards a Modern Aristophanes
Authors: Swallow Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Over the course of his long career, the internationalist and classicist Gilbert Murray used Old Comedy to argue for his brand of left-wing politics, to discuss feminism, as a foil for his own favourite poet Euripides, and as a tool of outreach. Murray’s friend George Bernard Shaw was influenced by Aristophanes as well, not only as Aesthetic poets and playwrights had been, for his artistic quality, but also for his political voice; Shaw’s play Major Barbara has been studied for its connection to Euripides via Murray, but little appreciated for its reception of Aristophanes. Murray and Shaw’s receptions of Aristophanes, discussed in this chapter, demonstrate the final shift in the long-nineteenth-century reception of Aristophanes back towards overt politics, already observed in the previous chapter.
Government Popularity in Italy
Authors: Bellucci Paolo , Memoli Vincenzo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Earlier research on government approval in Italy mainly focused on economic accountability of the executives. This chapter estimates a model of government approval over the longest time series available (1995–2018) and merges three lines of inquiry: economic accountability, government performance in the realms of corruption and inequality, and political communication. The authors find a diminished influence of economic valence accountability and a greater role of positional economic concerns expressed by economic inequality, together with a notable impact of political communication. Positional economic grievances appear stronger during ‘exceptional times’, that is the period after the inception of the sovereign debt crisis in 2012.
Mapping Medea
Authors: Albrektson Anna , Macintosh Fiona 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter outlines the overall aims of the volume and its theoretical perspectives and provides analysis of the ancient sources. It begins with an overview of Medea at the hands of colonial Europe and a discussion of the close (and often deliberate) parallels between Medea and the hugely popular Inkle and Yarico story, first published in The Spectator in 1711 and then subsequently regularly reworked in multiple media throughout the century. The middle section delineates the 1750–1800 focus and the significance of the synchronic approach at a moment of revolutionary change that precipitated the migration of ideas and people across borders, despite or even because of emergent geopolitical boundaries. It concludes with an outline of the volume’s bi-part structure: encompassing the context of expanding empires of the late eighteenth century in the first section to aesthetic transgression and innovation in the second.
Pushing the Boundaries of Operatic Convention and European Identity
Authors: Hall Edith 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins with a close study of the revolutionary 1775 melodrama, Medea, by Gotter and Benda. A strikingly new and successful genre, it had been invented a few years earlier by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his French melodrama Pygmalion, written in 1762. But it is Benda’s duodrama Ariadne auf Naxos and six-voice Medea, which both premiered at Gotha in 1775, commissioned and performed by the pioneering Seyler theatrical company, that stand at the head of the longstanding German tradition of poetic speech with instrumental accompaniment. The chapter moves on to examine the wide reception of Benda/Gotter’s Medea: first as a travesty in Vienna, and subsequently as a tragedy about the Colchians, by the German playwright Klinger, then working in Russia. Hall concludes by placing Medea in her native Georgia, which in 1801 was incorporated within the Russian empire.
An Imperial Medea
Authors: Lappin Anthony John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lappin’s chapter extends the focus westwards, to the imperial Medea of Spain, Portugal, and eventually across the Atlantic to the colonies. It shows the enormous range of the representations of Medea on stage, including in puppet theatres, and lays bare the eighteenth-century’s aesthetic preference for seventeenth-century theatrical versions that exploited spectacular stage effects. The sentimental Medea largely remained on the page in many ways to a higher degree than in other cultural spaces included in this volume. The sentimental Medea, when she did appear in performance, met with local generic modes, such as the zarzuela, originally a court entertainment including speech, song, and music that became a dominant genre during this period. Traditionally separated, high-brow and popular audiences within the Spanish and Portuguese worlds intersected in performances of Medea, with the distance between metropolis and periphery anticipating in many ways the postcolonial Medeas of recent years.
Inverting the Barbarian
Authors: Albrektson Anna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With a focus on the shifting use of the concept of the barbarian, Anna Albrektson positions the figure of Medea within the context of colonial expansion. Euripides labels Medea a barbarian, but this identity is pinned on Jason in several versions from the 1770s and 1780s, when a concomitant sentimental strategy enhances Medea’s position as woman and victim of male cruelty. The idea of the ‘ethical barbarian’ becomes a cultural commonplace within eighteenth-century literature. By the 1790s, however, Medea is translated once more into an ethnic barbarian in versions that abandon the Enlightenment idea of human universality. The interplay between Enlightenment discourses, colonial experiences, and aesthetic experimentations form the context for these often divergent representations of Medea from several European nations.
From Hearth to Hades
Authors: Macintosh Fiona 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Macintosh explores Medea’s connections with both the baroque and the eighteenth-century sublime, and her concomitant failure to conform to generic and institutional norms in this period. The chapter argues that Noverre’s ballet d’action is pivotal not simply because it was staged throughout Europe in the last part of the century, but also because it provided a radically different model for tragic drama. It was this new kind of tragedy, informed no less by Euripides than it was by ideas of the theatrical sublime, that enabled Medea’s return to serious spoken drama in the playhouses of Europe and the Americas in the following century.
Conclusion: A Case for (Tempered) Optimism
Authors: Geist Edward 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis concluding chapter makes some tentative proposals for potential policy responses to the book’s findings. The first of these is that it might be possible to generalize Herman Kahn’s idea of “multistable deterrence” to a multipolar world by managing uncertainty in an efficacious way. The second is that new modes of arms control that aim to shape the kind of knowledge quality problems states can impose upon each other could be developed. The third is that further research might build upon the analysis in Chapter 4 to identify strategies for shaping other states’ preferences to be more compatible with one’s own rather than attempting to coerce them into compliance by means of violent threats.
Revolution of the Self
Authors: Abrams Lynn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the methodological and theoretical approaches of the book and positions this study within the history of post-war British womanhood, arguing that the period straddling the 1950s to the late 1970s should be regarded as the pre-history of women’s liberation. This was a generation of women who frame their life stories within a feminist or liberationist discourse of equality and opportunity but for whom feminism, in its ideological and activist guises, was like a shadow in the background of their lives. The Introduction outlines the primary sources utilized including oral histories conducted contemporaneously and by the author, emphasising the importance of listening to women’s own interpretations of the past, and discusses theories of the self, subjectivity, of emotions and self narration as well as introducing the reader to the overarching themes.
Fashioning the Self
Authors: Abrams Lynn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ways in which the post-war generation fashioned new selves through dress and mobility. The transformation from dependent girl to independent woman is told through the lens of self-fashioning and spatial and educational mobility and manifested in changing one’s name, dressing in fashionable and self-chosen clothes, leaving home for travel or work. Told from the perspective of women’s memories of coming of age in the 1950s and 1960s, this chapter demonstrates how these actions enabled many women to ‘liberate’ themselves from many of the constraints that hobbled previous generations of women in terms of self description and self presentation. In their teenage years and early twenties these women reconstructed the self by distancing themselves spatially, ideologically and culturally from expectations of family and community.
Settling Down
Authors: Abrams Lynn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that marriage was a pivotal moment in the lives of this generation of women. They imagined marriage as a place to grow, facilitating independence, security, and emotional and sexual fulfilment. Drawing on oral history interviews conducted contemporaneously and retrospectively, this chapter explores women’s expectations of the marriage relationship, the desire for companionship or togetherness, and examines how women managed the conflicts between sustaining the self and the demands of that relationship. It discusses the conflict between domesticity, paid work, and staying at home. It considers inequalities in the marriage relationship, focusing on the division of labour in the home, and discusses women’s efforts to reclaim autonomy by rejecting the role of full-time housewife.
Caring for the Self
Authors: Abrams Lynn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The concluding chapter discusses how women in post-war Britain rejected the self-sacrifice and regret many witnessed in their mothers’ generation in favour of a more balanced lifestyle which combined care for others with care for the self. It argues that they strived to achieve a balance between individual self-fulfilment and servicing the needs of others. These women made their feelings visible which ignited a social movement of women’s groups and local and national activism. It argues that self-help was a route to self-development before and alongside the Women’s Liberation Movement. Women created empathetic communities which validated feelings and provided stepping stones to the next life stage. This chapter also emphasises the importance of listening to women’s voices.
Introduction
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The introduction accomplishes four things. It argues that tyranny is as American as democracy, drawing on the writings of Frederick Douglass to clarify the stakes of this claim. Turning to the American obsession with Napoleon Bonaparte in the nineteenth century, it demonstrates that the French leader’s complicated legacy offered people in the United States a way to evaluate problematic dimensions of their most prized ideals, like freedom, meritocracy, and market capitalism. Because both Napoleon I and Napoleon III were widely viewed as tyrants, I propose a new way of understanding their conjoined influence—the long age of Napoleon—and describe one of its most important events, the 1840 repatriation and burial of Napoleon’s ashes in Paris, the retour des cendres. Finally, the introduction explains why it is useful to return to tyranny now, locating the concept in its long intellectual tradition and beginning to differentiate it from twentieth-century totalitarianisms.
Tyranny in America, or On David Walker
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
David Walker’s An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World is an impassioned argument against enslavement, but it is also a powerful contribution in the antityranny tradition. This chapter locates Walker’s pamphlet in that long tradition, outlining the argument Walker makes against enslavement as an example of tyranny and showing its connections to important antecedent works from classical antiquity and the colonial United States. At the same time, it establishes crucial differences in the ways tyranny and enslavement are invoked, both as rhetorical flags for elite disenfranchisement and for the actual domination of persons, a correlation that is constitutive of much antityranny writing and thought. Walker dismisses this conflation, insisting on the importance of recognizing that there are multiple forms of unfreedom.
The Bedazzler
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
What did it mean for people to want to be “a Napoleon”? Many did—and the desire caused consternation around the Atlantic world. This chapter associates that question with two key nineteenth-century questions: the status of genius and the proper role of great men. How should the moral authority and social utility of “heroes” be understood or assessed? Napoleon Bonaparte—the little corporal and also the emperor—is a motivating cause for the debates that develop around these issues, both in terms of representation (the difference between forms of exemplifying narratives), content (what it means to be great), and application (how we measure their utility). The problems Napoleon embodies are not dependent on his instantiation of them, but across the nineteenth century he became their vehicle, usurping minds as he had usurped power in France. Moving through a variety of case studies—Channing, Poe, Emerson, Abbott, and Brown—the chapter charts the various US responses to these questions, particularly as they circled around Napoleon, the most famous man of the century.