bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo modelling of abrupt InP/InGaAs HBTs
Authors: Garcias‐Salvá Pau , López‐González Juan M. , Prat Lluis 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper a Monte Carlo simulator which is focused on the modelling of abrupt heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is described. In addition, simulation results of an abrupt InP/InGaAs HBT are analysed in order to describe the behaviour of this kind of device, and are compared with experimental data.A distinctive feature of InP/InGaAs HBTs is their spike‐like discontinuity in the Ec level at the emitter–base heterojunction interface. The transport of electrons through this potential barrier can be described by the Schrödinger's equation. Therefore, in our simulator we have consistently included the numerical solution of this equation in the iterative Monte Carlo procedure.The simulation results of the transistor include the density of electrons along the device and their velocity, kinetic energy and occupation of the upper conduction sub‐bands. It is shown that the electrons in the base region and in the base–collector depletion region are far from thermal equilibrium, and therefore the drift–diffusion transport model is no longer applicable.Finally, the experimental and simulated Gummel plots JC(VBE) and JB(VBE) are compared in the bias range of common operation of these transistors, showing a good data agreement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerically distributed circuit parameters model on microstrip transmission line circuits and its application on CAD
Authors: Zhong Xiaolong , Mei Kenneth K. , Liu Yaowu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new numerical model of microstrip transmission line circuits in terms of distributed circuit parameters is here illustrated. Based on full‐wave electromagnetic results, the extraction methods of these distributed circuit parameters on different types of microstrip transmission line circuits are introduced. As a preparatory experiment, an improved CAD method using this model is tested on microstrip low‐pass filter. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A termination structure of 2.5kV IGBT with field plate and semi‐resistive (SIPOS) layer
Authors: Kim Hyoung‐Woo , Moon Jin‐Woo , Chung Sang‐Koo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA junction termination with a field plate combined with a semi‐resistive layer deposited on front oxide layer is proposed for the first time as a termination structure of a 2.5 kV IGBT which allows high forward blocking voltage. The voltage handling capability of the proposed structure is compared with that for the conventional multiful floating ring structure and verified by the two‐dimensional device simulator, MEDICI. The numerically calculated breakdown voltages are 2205 and 2471 V for the multiple floating ring and proposed structures, respectively, yielding 11.3% improvement in the breakdown voltage. The breakdown voltage can be enhanced to 2500 V for the proposed structure when a floating ring is located at the edge of the field plate under the oxide. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient algorithm for optimizing the electrical performance of HBTs
Authors: Ahn Hyungkeun , El‐Nokali M. , Han Deuk‐Young 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA physical model for AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor with different emitter and base structures is proposed. The recombination currents in various depletion regions of the device are derived and are used to calculate the collector current in the range of 300–600 K. The theoretical predictions of the model are compared with the numerical and experimental data available in the literature. The model is used to derive an efficient algorithm that optimizes the device structure for a given unity current gain frequency and collector current. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the short‐open calibration technique to vector finite element method for analysis of microwave circuits
Authors: Chen R. S. , Wang D. X. , Yung Edward K. N. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA novel numerical de‐embedding scheme called the short‐open calibration (SOC) technique, in conjunction with the vector finite element method (FEM), has been developed to characterize two‐port network of arbitrarily shaped, three‐dimensional discontinuities in microwave circuits. This SOC technique is effectively implemented into the FEM for boundary truncation of the unbounded circuit structures. In such a manner, fast convergence of iterative solver for large‐sparse linear matrix equations from FEM is achieved. The SOC technique is used to remove parasitic effects brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage source and also the problem of resulting consistency between the two‐ and three‐dimensional simulations. Scattering parameters of discontinuous sections are constructed from the definition of port voltages and currents. Numerical solutions are well compared with those published in the available literatures. It is demonstrated that the features of the SOC technique are advantageous when combined with FEM for electromagnetic problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient preconditioning technique for numerical simulation of hydrodynamic model semiconductor devices
Authors: Yang Geng , Wang Shaodi , Wang Ruchuan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe investigate the application of preconditioned generalized minimal residual (GMRES) algorithm to the equations of hydrodynamic model of semiconductor devices. An introduction to such a model is presented. We use finite‐element method P1‐isoP2 element to discretize the equations. A preconditioning technique is proposed. The CPU times are presented for n+‐n‐n+ diodes and 0.25 μm gate length Si MESFETs by using the preconditioned GMRES algorithm and the GMRES algorithm. The numerical results show that the preconditioning technique accelerates effectively the velocity of convergence. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of radiation and cell implantation on wound healing in a rat model
Authors: Dantzer Dale , Ferguson Peter , Hill Richard P. , Keating Armand , Kandel Rita A. , Wunder Jay S. , O'Sullivan Brian , Sandhu Jas , Waddell Jennifer , Bell Robert S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHaving shown that intra‐dermal injection of fibroblasts decreases the effect of radiation on healing of superficial wounds, we now test the effect of fibroblasts and syngeneic marrow stromal cells on irradiated deep and superficial wounds.MethodsWistar rats received bilateral buttock irradiation followed by partial excision of the gluteus muscle bilaterally. In Protocol 1, one irradiated wound was treated with 1.2 × 107 autologous cells injected intra‐dermally. In Protocol 2, the experimental side was treated with a fibrin and autologous cell implant (1.2 × 107 cells). Twenty‐one days later, wound mechanical characteristics were tested. In Protocol 3, the effect of pooled marrow stromal cells on healing of superficial irradiated wounds in Lewis rats was similarly tested.ResultsThe fibrin–fibroblast implant (Protocol 2) had no effect on wound mechanics. Superficial injection of fibroblasts (Protocol 1) significantly improved wound breaking strength when compared to the control group (mean ± SEM, breaking strength: treated 504.6 ± 37.0 g vs. control 353.4 ± 35.2 g, P = 0.005). The dermal injection of marrow stromal cells also resulted in marked increases in breaking strength (mean ± SEM, breaking strength: treated 338.5 ± 39.9 g vs. control 187.1 ± 12.0 g, P < 0.01). In both Protocols 1 and 3, ultimate tensile strength and toughness were increased in the side receiving cell transplantation.ConclusionsCell implantation holds promise for decreasing the effect of radiation on healing of irradiated wounds. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:185–190. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peritoneal mesothelioma treated by induction chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, and intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion
Authors: Deraco Marcello , Casali Paolo , Inglese M.G. , Baratti Dario , Pennacchioli Elisabetta , Bertulli Rossella , Kusamura Shigeki 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPeritoneal mesothelioma (PM) is a rare disease, with a poor prognosis. We decided to prospectively evaluate the prognostic impact of aggressive surgery followed by intraperitoneal chemotherapy with local hyperthermia.Patients and MethodsIn this prospective study, 19 patients with PM were treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion (IPHP). Mean follow‐up was 27 months (range: 1–65). Fifteen (68%) patients had malignant disease, two had well‐differentiated papillary mesothelioma, and two had multicystic PM. Thirteen (65%) patients received preoperative chemotherapy. Fifteen cases (75%) underwent optimal cytoreduction (residual disease <2.5 mm). One patient underwent the procedure twice due to locoregional progression. IPHP was performed with closed abdomen technique, using a preheated polysaline perfusate (42.5°C) containing cisplatin + mitomycin C or cisplatin + doxorubicin administered through a heart–lung pump for 60 or 90 min.ResultsThree‐year overall and progression‐free survival was 69 and 66%, respectively. The operative morbidity (grade II/III), mortality, and overall toxicity (grade I–IV) rates were 25, 0, and 30%, respectively. Seventeen (94%) out of 18 patients had resolution of ascites.ConclusionsThis therapeutic strategy proved feasible and was well tolerated. Early results seem promising and consistent with a potentially major impact on survival in selected patients with PM. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:147–153. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvis: Combined surgery and radiotherapy treatment
Authors: Rödl Robert W. , Hoffmann Christiane , Gosheger Georg , Leidinger Benedikt , Jürgens Heribert , Winkelmann Winfried 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLocal therapy of pelvic Ewing's sarcoma remains a challenge because of the complex anatomy and large tumor volumes. Wide resections often end up contaminated with marginal margins in one part of the specimen. Pelvic tumor surgery causes considerable disability, because of the loss of hip function. This may cause a low quality of life for tumor survivors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oncologic results of combined surgery and radiotherapy of pelvic Ewing's sarcoma. Functional and psychosocial outcome of the tumor survivors was assessed.MethodsThirty‐six pelvic Ewing's sarcoma patients were treated surgically for local tumor control between 1986 and 1996. Chemotherapy was administered according to current European Intergroup/Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study (EI/CESS) protocols. Radiotherapy was also performed on all patients. All patients were intended to get wide tumor excision and a limb salvage procedure. Complications necessitating operative revision were analyzed and functional results were scored according to the criteria of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS). Quality of life and psychosocial functioning was assessed by the QLQ‐C 30 of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC).ResultsThe overall 5‐ and 10‐year survival rate was 45%. The prognosis of patients with primary metastases was 33%. There were two local recurrences after marginal resection. Every second patient needed at least one surgical revision. A secondary hindquarter amputation was avoided in all patients. MSTS functional evaluation instruments reached 59% (±21.0%). Global quality of life of the QLQ‐C 30 showed good results (70 ± 16%) compared to the general population (75 ± 24%).ConclusionsThe advantages of surgical local control of pelvic Ewing's sarcoma should be offered to the patient. Quality of life measurement after internal hemipelvectomy shows that the life of these patients is more than worth living and that they are able to compensate the functional impairment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:154–160. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and total sialic acid in serum of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Basoglu Mahmut , Yildirgan Mehmet Ilhan , Taysi Seyithan , Yilmaz İsmayil , Kiziltunc Ahmet , Balik Ahmet A. , Celebi Fehmi , Atamanalp Sabri Selcuk 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSerum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and total sialic acid (TSA) are related to the metastatic potential of cancer cells. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine sICAM‐1 and TSA levels in colorectal carcinoma and correlate their levels with the cancer stage.MethodsThe sera from 65 patients with colorectal cancer (18 at Dukes' B, 24 at Dukes' C, 23 at Dukes' D) were extracted before treatment. The concentrations of sICAM‐1 and TSA were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and the thiobarbituric acid method, respectively, and compared with those from a healthy control group (n = 42).ResultsMean serum sICAM‐1 and TSA levels were found to be higher in the total patient group than in the control group (P < 0.0001). The concentrations of sICAM‐1 and TSA were significantly higher in patients with Dukes' C and Dukes' D. The correlations between sICAM‐1 and TSA became more significant as the stage of the disease increased (r = 0.58, P < 0.05 in Dukes' B, r = 0.88, P < 0.01 in Dukes' C and r = 0.81, P < 0.01 in Dukes' D).ConclusionsThe results of this investigation indicate that sICAM‐1 and TSA are the best of the tested markers. These markers should prove useful for monitoring malignant disease stage and for evaluating the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches for colorectal carcinomas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:180–184. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of thymidine phosphorylase in HCC with chronic liver disease for long‐term postoperative recurrence
Authors: Ezaki Takahiro , Ikegami Toru , Ishida Teruyoshi , Aimitsu Shiomi , Mori Masaki , Fujihara Megumu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLittle is known about the significance of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) levels in HCC. The authors investigated the TP activity of HCC and adjacent normal liver tissue in 70 HCC patients, and the prognostic significance of the TP levels.MethodsWe obtained fresh samples (tumors with adjacent normal tissues) from 70 patients with HCC who have undergone curative hepatic resection. The levels of TP activity in unfixed, fresh, frozen HCC tissue, together with adjacent normal liver tissue specimens, were determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.ResultsThe mean TP activity in HCC was approximately 1.5‐fold higher than that in adjacent liver tissues (P = 0.0013). Disease‐free survival rates for patients with low and high TP levels in HCC were not significantly different. Although disease‐free survival rates for low and high TP levels in adjacent normal liver tissue were also not significantly different, disease‐free survival for patients with low and high TP levels in adjacent normal liver tissue, excluding cases of postoperative recurrence within 700 days of hepatectomy, showed a significant difference (P = 0.0494). The group with high TP activity in adjacent liver tissue showed more frequent postoperative recurrence in the long‐term than that with low TP activity.ConclusionsMeasurement of TP activity of adjacent normal liver tissue to HCC may allow us to predict metachronous long‐term postoperative recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:173–179. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Randomised clinical trial of adjuvant postoperative RT vs. sequential postoperative RT plus 5‐FU and levamisole in patients with stage II–III resectable rectal cancer: A final report
Authors: Cafiero Ferdinando , Gipponi Marco , Lionetto Rita ,   the P.A.R. Cooperative Study Group
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA randomised clinical trial was performed in patients undergoing radical surgery for rectal cancer to compare the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy (RT) to sequential RT and chemotherapy (CT) with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) plus levamisole (LEV). The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points were disease‐free survival (DFS), the rate of loco‐regional recurrence, and treatment‐related toxicity; the final results of this trial are reported.MethodsPatients in arm I underwent RT (50 Gy) in daily fractions of 2 Gy, 5 days/week for 5 weeks. Patients in arm II began with 5‐FU (450 mg/sqm/day intravenous (i.v.) bolus, days 1–5) plus LEV (150 mg/day orally, days 1–3); postoperative RT was delivered during week 2 at the same dosage and schedule as in arm I. The other five cycles of CT (5‐FU every 28 days and LEV every 15 days for the length of 5‐FU administration) continued after the end of RT if clinical and hemato‐biochemical parameters were in the normal range.ResultsFrom May 1992 to December 1998, 218 patients were enrolled into the randomised clinical trial (144 men, 74 women; age range: 28–75, median 64 years). The median follow‐up time was 58.1 months (range: 1–3,271 days). No significant difference was observed between the two arms of treatment as regards OS and DFS (P = 0.18 and P = 0.66, respectively). Cox regression analysis for OS confirmed what was observed by univariate analysis for all variables except age. Older age (>60 years) and pathologic lymph‐node involvement defined the subgroups with the worst prognosis. Cox regression analysis for DFS confirmed what was observed by univariate analysis for all variables: the only independent variable in predicting DFS was pathologic lymph‐node involvement.ConclusionsOur findings suggest no difference in OS, loco‐regional and distant site progressions of postoperative RT alone compared to sequential postoperative RT and CT; notably, this latter regimen was associated with higher toxicity which seriously impaired the patient's compliance to CT. The low loco‐regional recurrence rate (9.2%) observed in our patients undergoing postoperative RT alone compared to similarly treated patients in previously performed clinical trials (20–25%) underline the role of radical surgery (mesorectal excision) coupled with a complete postoperative RT regimen. On the other hand, the similar efficacy of these two adjuvant modalities of treatment might be conditioned by both the low compliance (59%) to the CT regimen as well as the sequential, instead of concurrent, schedule of administration of RT and CT, which may have decreased further the expected efficacy of the combined regimen. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:140–146 © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic resection for metastatic tumors to the pancreas
Authors: Sperti Cosimo , Pasquali Claudio , Liessi Guido , Pinciroli Luca , Decet Giandomenico , Pedrazzoli Sergio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe incidence of metastases to the pancreas is very low. The benefit of resection of pancreatic metastasis is poorly defined. In this review we evaluated the outcome of patients undergoing pancreatic resection for metastatic tumors to the pancreas.MethodsEight patients underwent pancreatic resection for metastatic tumor from December 1980 to June 2001. The primary cancer was colon carcinoma (n = 4), renal cell cancer (n = 2), duodenal leiomyosarcoma (n = 1), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n = 1). The median interval between primary treatment and detection of pancreatic metastases was 36 months. In two cases pancreatic metastases were synchronous with the primary tumor.ResultsFour patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, two distal pancreatectomy, one total pancreatectomy, and one median pancreatectomy. Associated resection of extrapancreatic lesions was performed in four patients, including two left hepatectomy and two left colectomy. There was no postoperative mortality, but two patients had a pancreatic and a biliary fistula, respectively. Survival averaged 23 months (range 14–42 months): four patients died for metastatic disease from 14 to 42 months after operation, while four patients are alive and well 14 to 31 months after surgery.ConclusionsPancreatic resection for metastatic disease to the pancreas should be considered even in selected patients with limited extrapancreatic disease. Long‐term survival or good palliation may be achieved. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:161–166. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic factors affecting survival and disease‐free survival in lymph node‐negative breast carcinomas
Authors: Kuru Bekir , Camlibel Mithat , Ali Gulcelik Mehmet , Alagol Haluk 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify the patients who are at low or high‐risk by defining the prognostic factors in node‐negative breast carcinomas.MethodsMedical records of 384 consecutive breast cancer patients with negative axillary lymph nodes who had been operated on between January 1994 and January 1997 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Several clinical and pathological characteristics of patients were categorized. Univariate analyses of survival and disease‐free survival (DFS) were performed by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log‐rank test. Independent prognostic and predictive factors affecting survival and DFS were assessed by Cox proportional hazard method.Results5‐year survival and DFS were 91.4 and 85.7%, respectively. Size, grade, age, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were the prognostic factors that independently affected survival and DFS. Tamoxifen improved survival and DFS. While age younger than 35 was an adverse factor for both survival and DFS, age older than 49 was a detrimental factor for DFS.ConclusionsPatients who have a tumor with size greater than 2 cm, with histologic grade 3, with LVI, and patients with age under 35 or older than 49 have poorer prognosis among node‐negative breast carcinomas, and are candidates for adjuvant therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:167–172. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Keeping watch: How to monitor and maintain a team
Authors: Kanaga Kim , Browning Henry 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBetween the time a team is launched and the time the team gets results, leaders need to know whether the team
is on course. To do this they need to monitor the effectiveness of the team on an ongoing basis and make course
corrections that prevent small problems from becoming major disasters. Assessing a team's performance,
zeroing in on areas of weakness, and taking the necessary corrective measures help the team deliver peak
performance and the expected results.
Face to Face — Power to change: A conversation with Bernard M. Bass
Authors: Bass Bernard M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBernard M. Bass, the distinguished professor emeritus of organizational behavior at the State University of New York at Binghamton, is a leading authority on the subject of transformational leadership, a term introduced in 1978 by leadership studies pioneer James McGregor Burns. Bass has researched and written extensively on transformational leadership and has worked closely with business, military, and educational organizations to incorporate transformational leadership principles into real‐world settings.
Tough going: Learning from experience the hard way
Authors: Moxley Russ S. , Pulley Mary Lynn 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNo one would ever choose to experience a hardship, but leaders say that difficult times are often key events
in their development. Hardships can make people more aware of their values, their aspirations, and themselves.
Here's a look at six types of hardship events and the lessons executives can take from these events to make
themselves better leaders.