bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the lenses of critically reflective teaching in the community college classroom
Authors: Brookfield Stephen D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCritically reflective teaching asks community college teachers to discover and research the assumptions they make about teaching and learning by using the four lenses available to them: students’ eyes, colleagues’ perceptions, educational literature, and teachers’ autobiographical experiences as learners. Viewing classroom practice through these four lenses helps teachers make more informed judgments and take more informed actions, in community college classrooms.
Cardiac catheterization in morbidly obese patients
Authors: McNulty Patrick H. , Ettinger Steven M. , Field John M. , Gilchrist Ian C. , Kozak Mark , Chambers Charles E. , Gascho Joseph A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe safety and findings of cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography in morbidly obese patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD) have not been fully examined in the modern era. From a database of 4,978 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization, we identified 110 with morbid obesity (body mass ≥ 145 kg and body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2). Relative to all the other patients in this database, morbidly obese patients had a lower prevalence of CHD (45% vs. 72%; P < 0.05), reflecting a higher prevalence of false positive noninvasive tests. Overall, noninvasive tests were only 75% sensitive and 39% specific for CHD in this group. Use of radial access (66%) and femoral closure devices (24%) was much more frequent in the morbidly obese cohort. Complications were no more frequent in the morbidly obese group, with major (0 vs. 0.9%) and minor (4.7% vs. 3.5%) adverse outcomes being similar to the rest of the database. We conclude that cardiac catheterization using the radial artery or a femoral closure device is a safe and effective method of evaluating CHD in morbidly obese patients. In contrast, noninvasive testing is frequently not definitive and may be misleading. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:174–177. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One core laboratory at two international sites, is that feasible? An inter‐core laboratory and intra‐observer variability study
Authors: Tuinenburg Joan C. , Koning Gerhard , Hekking Ellen , Desjardins Colette , Harel François , Bilodeau Luc , van Weert Anton W.M. , Lespérance Jacques , Reiber Johan H.C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo assess the magnitude of differences in QCA outcomes between two cooperating core laboratories in a single trial, we have carried out an inter‐core laboratory variability study. Two QCA experts at the Montreal Heart Institute and Heart Core Leiden both analyzed 32 lesions (pre‐ and post‐intervention) in accordance with previously agreed upon standard operating procedures. One of the experts analyzed the whole image set twice to determine the intraobserver variability. The inter‐core laboratory differences in the acute gain (n = 31 pairs) are non‐significant. The systematic errors of the individual measurements (n = 63 analyses) show an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability (>75%), except for the stent length (67.7%). The corresponding random errors are small. In general, the intra‐observer systematic and random errors are both slightly smaller than those for the inter‐core laboratory study. QCA analyses in clinical trials can be carried out in core laboratories at two different locations if and only if highly standardized conditions are maintained. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:333–340. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential emerging therapeutic strategies to prevent restenosis in the peripheral vasculature
Authors: Schainfeld Robert M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDespite the availability of antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies, recent advances in catheter and stent technology and improved operator skill, restenosis remains the most frequent problem associated with percutaneous and surgical revascularization interventions for both coronary and peripheral arterial disease. Prevention of restenosis in the coronary vasculature has been demonstrated with cilostazol, trapidil, probucol, tranilast, nitric oxide donors, and clopidogrel. Given the similarities in revascularization procedures and in the pathophysiology of restenosis, it is possible that these results may be extrapolated to the setting of restenosis in the peripheral vasculature, making trials with these agents imperative. Several new agents have shown promising preliminary results for the prevention of restenosis in the peripheral vasculature, including cilostazol, low‐molecular‐weight heparins, and elastase. Several nonpharmacologic treatment modalities are also under study to prevent peripheral and coronary restenosis and have shown favorable initial results. These include endovascular radiation brachytherapy, arterial gene therapy, photoangioplasty, and several novel treatment delivery systems. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:421–431. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI findings in a case of transient cortical blindness after cardiac catheterization
Authors: Zwicker Jocelyn C. , Sila Cathy A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case of transient cortical blindness (TCB) after cardiac catheterization are described for the first time. In addition, a literature review of TCB, comparison with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, and a hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of TCB are presented. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:47–49. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial experience with intratherapeutics intrastent doublestrut LD stents in patients with congenital heart defects
Authors: Rutledge Jennifer M. , Mullins Charles E. , Nihill Michael R. , Grifka Ronald G. , Vincent Julie A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLimitations of the currently available balloon‐expandable stainless steel (BE‐SS) stents for use in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) include inflexibility, significant shortening with expansion, sharp ends, and limited sizes. These limitations increase risk and greatly effect success of stent placement in these patients. The recently approved IntraStent DoubleStrut LD (IS‐LD) stents are BE‐SS stents designed to address such limitations. We report our initial experience with IS‐LD stents in patients with CHD. Using standard techniques, 36 stents were implanted in 22 patients whose median age was 11 years (range, 1.4–35 years) and weight was 33 kg (range, 9–96.8 kg). Lesions stented included aortic coarctation (4), branch pulmonary arteries (19), inferior or superior vena cava (11), Mustard baffle (1), and Fontan baffle (1). All attempts at stent placement were successful. Hemodynamic assessment and angiography was performed pre‐ and poststent placement in all patients. Intravascular ultrasound was performed in four patients. Stenosis diameter increased from 5.7 ± 0.6 mm (mean ± SD) to 11.6 ± 0.5 mm (P < 0.001). Stents did not shorten significantly with dilation (median percent shortening, 3.8%; P > 0.1). Complications included stent recoil (2), stent migration (1), and stent distortion (1). IS‐LD stents are a safe and effective treatment for the majority of vascular stenoses in patients with CHD. Stent recoil at large diameters may limit its usefulness in selected lesions. Follow‐up studies are required to determine the long‐term performance of IS‐LD stents. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:541–548. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects using the new Amplatzer membranous VSD occluder: Initial clinical experience
Authors: Hijazi Ziyad M. , Hakim Fakhri , Haweleh A. Abu , Madani Awni , Tarawna Walid , Hiari Aktham , Cao Qi‐Ling 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe surgical closure of membranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is associated with morbidity and low mortality. Six patients with VSDs located in the membranous part of the ventricular septum underwent an attempt of catheter closure using a new device specifically designed for the membranous septum. Patients ranged in age from 3.5 to 19 years (median, 10.5 years) and in weight from 15 to 45 kg (median, 29 kg). One patient with associated pulmonary valve stenosis had shortness of breath. The median Qp/Qs ratio was 1.6 (range, 1.1–3) and the median left ventricle end‐diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was 44 mm (range, 38–52 mm). The devices were deployed via the femoral vein using 7–8 Fr sheaths. There was immediate complete closure in all patients. One patient developed trivial aortic regurgitation. There were no other complications. The median fluoroscopy time was 15.5 min (range, 10.3–53.4 min). At 24 hr, all patients were doing well. The median LVEDD decreased to 38 mm (range, 34–47 mm). One patient continued to have trace aortic regurgitation. All patients were discharged home after 24 hr. Transcatheter occlusion of membranous VSDs is safe and effective. Further clinical trials are underway to assess the long‐term safety and results. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:508–515. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multivariate methods in pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Gabrielsson Jon , Lindberg Nils‐Olof , Lundstedt Torbjörn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis review covers material published within the field of pharmacy in the last five years. Articles concerning experimental design, optimization and applications of multivariate techniques have been published, from factorial designs to multivariate data analysis, and the combination of the two in multivariate design. The number of publications on this topic testifies to the good results obtained in the studies. Much of the published material highlights the usefulness of experimental design, with many articles dealing with optimization, where much effort is spent on getting useful results. Examples of multivariate data analysis are comparatively few, but these methods are gaining in use. The employment of multivariate techniques in different applications has been reviewed. The examples in this review represent just a few of the possible applications with different aims within pharmaceutical applications. A number of companies are using experimental design as a standard tool in preformulation and in combination with response surface modeling. The properties of e.g. a tablet can be optimized to fulfill a well‐specified aim such as a specific release profile, hardness, disintegration time etc. However, none of the companies apply multivariate methods in all steps of the drug development process. As this is still very much a growing field, it is only a question of time before experimental design, optimization and multivariate data analysis are implemented throughout the entire formulation process, from performulation to multivariate process control. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Stretch’ vs ‘slice’ methods for representing three‐way structure via matrix notation
Authors: Harshman Richard A. , Hong Sungjin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA three‐way array must be represented in two‐way form if its structure is to be described and manipulated by means of matrix notation. Historically, two methods, here called ‘array stretching’ and ‘array slicing’, have been used. More recently, however, array slicing has often been overlooked, resulting in a loss of mathematical flexibility. ‘Stretching’ involves matricizing (unfolding) the three‐way array and applying one's mathematical operations to the resulting two‐way matrix; this results in expressions that are often quite useful for parameter estimation but which are relatively long and require practice to interpret properly. ‘Slicing’ involves taking a representative two‐way subarray and applying operations to it; this often gives compact and easily understood expressions but requires the introduction of extra matrix names and becomes awkward if the array is not ‘slicewise regular’. In this paper the advantages of each approach are demonstrated and compared by applying them to a set of models from the Tucker and Parafac families. In addition, we show how slicewise representation can be improved by using (i) angle brackets to eliminate the need for extra diagonal matrices, and (ii) ‘encapsulated summation’ notation to allow representation of array structure that is orderly but not slicewise regular. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixture modelling of medical magnetic resonance data
Authors: Wehrens Ron , Simonetti Arjan W. , Buydens Lutgarde M. C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn clinical decision making, (semi‐)automatic unsupervised classification of data for diagnostic purposes is becoming more and more important. This paper describes the application of mixture modelling, a clustering where multivariate Gaussians are used to describe clusters in the data, toin vivonuclear magnetic resonance data of patients with brain tumours. Images as well as localized spectra are analysed. The method is able to automatically generate meaningful classifications. Moreover, the results of clustering both the image and spectral data are in close agreement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective metabolism of pentoxifylline in vitro and in vivo in humans
Authors: Nicklasson Marie , Björkman Sven , Roth Bodil , Jönsson Maria , Höglund Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPentoxifylline increases erythrocyte flexibility, reduces blood viscosity, and inhibits platelet aggregation and is thus used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. It is transformed into at least seven phase I metabolites, of which two, M1 and M5, are active. The reduction of the keto group of pentoxifylline to a secondary alcohol in M1 takes place chiefly in erythrocytes, is rapidly reversible, and creates a chiral center. The aims of this study were: to develop HPLC methods to separate the enantiomers of M1, to investigate the kinetics of the reversible biotransformation of pentoxifylline to (R)‐ and (S)‐M1 in hemolysed erythrocyte suspension, and to quantify the formation of the enantiomers of M1 (as well as M4 and M5) after intravenous and oral administration of pentoxifylline to human volunteers. (R)‐ and (S)‐M1 could be separated preparatively on a cellobiohydrolase column, while determination in blood or plasma was by HPLC after chiral derivatization with diacetyl‐L‐tartaric acid anhydride. The metabolism of pentoxifylline to (R)‐M1 in suspensions of hemolysed erythrocytes followed simple Michaelis‐Menten kinetics (Km = 11 mM), while that to (S)‐M1 was best described by a two‐enzyme model (Km = 1.1 and 132 mM). Studies with inhibitors indicated that the enzymes were of the carbonyl reductase type. At a therapeutic blood concentration of pentoxifylline, the calculated rate of formation of (S)‐M1 is 15 times higher than that of the (R)‐enantiomer. Back‐conversion of M1 to pentoxifylline was 3–4 times faster for the (S)‐ than for the (R)‐enantiomer. In vivo, the R:S plasma concentration ratio of M1 ranged from 0.010–0.025 after intravenous infusion of 300 or 600 mg of pentoxifylline, and from 0.019–0.037 after oral administration of 600 mg. The biotransformation of pentoxifylline to M1 was thus highly stereoselective in favor of the (S)‐enantiomer both in vitro and in vivo. Chirality 14:643–652, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Yeast polypeptide chain release factors eRF1 and eRF3 are involved in cytoskeleton organization and cell cycle regulation
Authors: Valouev Igor A. , Kushnirov Vitaly V. , Ter‐Avanesyan Michael D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTermination of translation in eukaryotes is controlled by two interacting polypeptide chain release factors, eRF1 and eRF3. eRF1 recognizes nonsense codons UAA, UAG, and UGA, while eRF3 stimulates polypeptide release from the ribosome in a GTP‐ and eRF1‐dependent manner. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, eRF1 and eRF3 are encoded by the SUP45 and SUP35 genes, respectively. Here we show that in yeast shortage of any one of the release factors was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of the other release factor and resulted in a substantial increase of nonsense codon readthrough. Besides, repression of the genes encoding these factors caused different effects on cell morphology. Repression of the SUP35 gene caused accumulation of cells of increased size with large buds. This was accompanied by the disappearance of actin cytoskeletal structures, impairment of the mitotic spindle structure, and defects in nuclei division and segregation in mitosis. The evolutionary conserved C‐terminal domain of eRF3 similar to the elongation factor EF‐1α was responsible for these effects. Repression of the SUP45 gene caused accumulation of unbudded cells with 2C and higher DNA content, indicating that DNA replication is uncoupled from budding. The data obtained suggest that eRF1 and eRF3 play additional, nontranslational roles in the yeast cell. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:161–173, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of the class II β‐tubulin in developmental and adult rat tissues
Authors: Arai Katsuhiko , Shibutani Makoto , Matsuda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring a screen of monoclonal antibodies raised against a cytoskeletal preparation of neonatal rat cerebrum, we have identified a monoclonal antibody, MAb58A, that is specific for the class II β‐tubulin isotype. Immunoscreening of a rat brain cDNA library using MAb58A yielded the cDNA retaining a class II‐specific nucleotide sequence. The specificity of MAb58A to the class II β‐tubulin isotype was confirmed by immunoreactivity to synthetic peptides corresponding to isotype‐specific sequence of class I, II, III, IVa, or IVb. Further, the results of an immunoassay against a series of overlapping octapeptides derived from a class II‐specific region revealed that the antibody epitope was a heptapeptide that consists of Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Gly‐Glu‐Asp (EEEEGED). Immunoblot analysis revealed that the class II isotype represented a significant portion of β‐tubulin present in the adrenal gland, brain, and testis of adult rats. In fetal tissues, this isotype was detected in skeletal muscle, as well as in the brain. Immunohistochemically, MAb58A reacted predominantly with components of the developing rat nervous system, such as migrating neuroblasts, peripheral nerves and ganglion cells, and sensory organs. MAb58A‐immunoreactivity was also found in developing skeletal and smooth muscle cells, chondrocytes, and vascular endothelia. In adults, MAb58A‐immunoreactivity was remarkably diminished, but persisted in peripheral nerves and ganglion cells, chondrocytes, and capillary components. Together, our results demonstrate that MAb58A is specific for the class II β‐tubulin isotype, which may retain an embryonic nature in both neuronal and non‐neuronal tissues. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:174–182, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of nuclear βII‐tubulin in tumor cells: A possible novel target for taxol
Authors: Xu Keliang , Ludueña Richard F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs the subunits of microtubules, α‐ and β‐tubulins have been thought to only exist in the cytoplasm where they are incorporated into microtubules. However, the βII isotype of tubulin has recently been observed in the nuclei of rat kidney mesangial cells [Walss et al., 1999: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 42:274–284]. In this study, we detected nuclear βII‐tubulin in rat C6 glioma cells, human T98G glioma cells, human MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells, human MDA‐MB‐435 breast carcinoma cells, and human Hela cervix carcinoma cells. In addition, nuclear βII‐tubulin in these cells was found to exist as αβII dimers instead of assembled microtubules and appeared to be particularly concentrated in the nucleoli. Several anti‐tubulin drugs were used to treat C6 cells to determine their influence on nuclear βII‐tubulin. Taxol, a tubulin drug with higher specificity for βII‐tubulin than for other β‐tubulin isotypes, irreversibly decreased nuclear βII content in a concentration‐dependent manner in C6 cells. Meanwhile, cells were found to be apoptotic as was suggested by the presence of multiple micronuclei and DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, no depletion of nuclear βII‐tubulin was observed when C6 cells were incubated with colchicine or nocodazole, two anti‐tubulin drugs with higher specificity for the αβIV isotype, supporting the hypothesis that drugs with higher specificity for βII‐tubulin deplete nuclear βII‐tubulin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 53:39–52, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
7‐hydroxytryptophan, a novel, specific, cytotoxic agent for carcinoids and other serotonin‐producing tumors
Authors: Walther Diego J. , Peter Jens‐Uwe , Bader Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarcinoids and small cell lung carcinomas stimulate their growth in an autocrine manner by releasing serotonin, an effect that is blocked by selective serotonergic receptor antagonists that, unfortunately, exert undesirable side effects on serotonergic central nervous function. Moreover, conventional chemotherapeutic agents, such as streptozocin, fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin, which target tumor cells directly, have produced disappointing results in the treatment of patients with these tumors in the advanced stage. Therefore, there is still a need for more specific and potent chemotherapeutic agents in the fight against serotonin‐producing tumors.METHODSThe authors synthesized 7‐hydroxytryptophan to test its chemotherapeutic value in cell culture, using a system consisting of serotonin‐producing and nonproducing cell lines.RESULTSThe authors chose tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate‐limiting enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis, which is expressed highly in small cell lung carcinomas and carcinoids, as a target for the induction of cellular suicide by chemotherapy. They found that this otherwise substrate specific enzyme was capable of metabolizing in situ a harmless tryptophan analogue, 7‐hydroxytryptophan, to a potent toxin, 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine, a conversion blocked by the specific tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that 7‐hydroxytryptophan may be a highly specific chemotherapeutic compound against serotonin‐producing tumors that also interferes with the autocrine capabilities of serotonin synthesis. Cancer 2002;94:3135–40. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10592