bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex-induced Rings and Gaps within Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Ma 马 Xiaoyi 潇依 , Huang 黄 Pinghui 平辉 , Yu 余 Cong 聪 , Dong 董 Ruobing 若冰 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed the presence of both crescent-shaped and ring-like structures in dust continuum emission. These crescents are thought to arise from dust-trapping vortices generated by the Rossby wave instability, which induces density waves akin to those caused by planets. These vortices have the potential to create gaps and rings within the disk, resulting from the dissipation of their density waves. We carry out 2D hydrodynamic simulations in the shearing box to investigate vortex–disk interaction. We find that long-lived vortices can produce dust rings and gaps in inviscid discs detectable by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and a more elongated vortex produces rings at larger separations. Vortex-induced density waves carry over 2 orders of magnitude higher angular momentum flux compared to planet-induced ones that shock at the same location, making the former much more effective at producing dust gaps and rings far away.
A Dichotomy in the 1–24 GHz Parsec-scale Radio Spectra of Radio-quiet Quasars
Authors: Chen Sina , Laor Ari , Behar Ehud , Baldi Ranieri D. , Gelfand Joseph D. , Kimball Amy E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present the parsec-scale radio spectra of a representative sample of 13 Palomar–Green radio-quiet quasars, based on our new Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 8.4 and 23.6 GHz and our earlier VLBA studies at 1.5 and 5.0 GHz. The radio core emission generally exhibits a flat spectrum at 1.5–5.0 GHz, which indicates a compact optically thick synchrotron source on a scale smaller than the broad-line region (BLR) radius R
BLR ∼ 0.01–0.1 pc. The 8.4–23.6 GHz spectral slope remains flat in four objects indicating the inner radius of the radio source R
in < 0.1R
BLR, and becomes steep in four other objects indicating R
in ∼ 0.5 R
BLR. The flat 8.4–23.6 GHz slope sources may be associated with a continuous ejection starting at the accretion disk corona. The steep 8.4–23.6 GHz slope sources may be produced by an interaction of an active-galactic-nucleus-driven wind with the BLR gas or a low-power jet extending to the BLR scale. Seven of these eight objects, which have a flat or steep 8.4–23.6 GHz slope, reside at the Eddington ratios L/L
Edd < 0.3, and four of the remaining five objects, where the 8.4–23.6 GHz fluxes are too faint to significantly constrain the slope, reside at L/L
Edd > 0.3. The 8.4–23.6 GHz radio emission in the high-L/L
Edd objects may be weak due to more extended emission from a radiation-pressure-driven wind. Future submillimeter observations can further constrain the inward radial extent of the radio emission down to the coronal scale.
Obliquity Dependence of Ocean Productivity and Atmospheric CO2 on Earth-like Worlds
Authors: Lerner Paul , Romanou Anastasia , Way Michael , Colose Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Obliquity can shape the habitability of a planet by changing the seasonal availability of incident solar radiation. Changes in incident radiation can lead to changes in the availability of light, temperature, ocean circulation, stratification, and corresponding nutrient availability, all of which are important in determining ocean net primary productivity (NPP). Moreover, a fraction of the carbon assimilated by phytoplankton is sequestered in the deep ocean. Therefore, changes in productivity can alter the distribution of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere. In this study, we investigate the effects of obliquity on ocean NPP and the atmospheric CO2 concentration using ROCKE-3D fully coupled to the NASA GISS Ocean Biogeochemistry Model. We find sea surface temperature primarily controls the NPP response, with both properties reaching a maximum at an obliquity of 45°. We find that the response of the seasonal amplitude of NPP to obliquity is controlled primarily by photosynthetically available radiation and secondarily by changes in nutrient availability. We also find that atmospheric CO2 increases in response to obliquity, with a minimum at 15° and a maximum at 60°. The obliquity-driven CO2 changes are controlled primarily by temperature-driven solubility changes, with circulation and biology either enhancing solubility-driven changes at low obliquities or acting against and partially offsetting solubility-driven changes at higher obliquities. The magnitude of obliquity-driven changes is likely too small to be detectable, though future studies are needed to determine whether changing obliquity simultaneously with other orbital parameters can lead to larger, potentially detectable changes in NPP and CO2.
Tearing-mediated Alfvénic Turbulence in a Relativistic Plasma
Authors: Boldyrev Stanislav , Loureiro Nuno F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In astrophysical relativistic plasmas, Alfvénic turbulence exists across a wide range of scales. Similar to a nonrelativistic case, this turbulence can be influenced by the tearing instability. We argue that in an ultrarelativistic pair plasma the tearing effects become significant at the critical scale given by

a
t

∼

d
rel

L
⊥

/

d
rel

n
/
(
4
+
5
n
)

, where L
⊥ represents the outer scale of the turbulence and d
rel the relativistic electron inertial scale. Here n = 1 corresponds to the Harris magnetic configurations, while n = 2 applies to localized (non-Harris) magnetic profiles of turbulence-generated current sheets. Below the critical scale, the energy spectrum of magnetic fluctuations steepens to W(k)dk ∝ k
−(7n+2)/3n

dk. However, this happens only when

σ
˜

≪

L
⊥

/

d
rel

(
2
+
4
n
)
/
(
4
+
5
n
)

, where

σ

˜

is the magnetization parameter based on the magnetic fluctuations. If the opposite inequality holds, the Alfvénic cascade is instead affected by charge starvation at scales below

a
ch

∼

d
rel

d
rel

/

L
⊥

1
/
3

σ
˜

2
/
3

, and the energy spectrum becomes steeper than W(k)dk ∝ k
−3
dk. When d
rel is replaced by its nonrelativistic equivalent, our results agree with the nonrelativistic analysis of N. F. Loureiro & S. Boldyrev (2018). In the Harris case n = 1, they agree with the recent relativistic studies by I. Demidov & Y. Lyubarsky.
Phase-resolved Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Weakly Irradiated Brown Dwarf GD 1400 and Energy Redistribution–Irradiation Trends in Six White Dwarf–Brown Dwarf Binaries
Authors: Amaro Rachael C. , Apai Dániel , Zhou Yifan , Lothringer Joshua D. , Casewell Sarah L. , Tan Xianyu , Lew Ben W. P. , Barman Travis , Marley Mark S. , Mayorga L. C. , Parmentier Vivien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Irradiated brown dwarfs offer a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between stellar and planetary atmospheres. We present high-quality Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3/G141 phase-resolved spectra of the white dwarf–brown dwarf binary GD 1400, covering more than one full rotation of the brown dwarf. Accounting for brightness variations caused by ZZ Ceti pulsations, we revealed weak (∼1%) phase-curve amplitude modulations originating from the brown dwarf. Subband light-curve exploration in various bands showed no significant wavelength dependence on amplitude or phase shift. Extracted day- and nightside spectra indicated chemically similar hemispheres, with slightly higher dayside temperatures, suggesting efficient heat redistribution or the dominance of radiative escape over atmospheric circulation. A simple radiative and energy redistribution model reproduced the observed temperatures well. Cloud-inclusive models fit the day and night spectra better than cloudless models, indicating global cloud coverage. We also begin qualitatively exploring atmospheric trends across six irradiated brown dwarfs, from the now complete “Dancing with the Dwarfs” white dwarf–brown dwarf sample. The trend we find in the dayside/nightside temperature and irradiation levels is consistent with efficient heat redistribution for irradiation levels less than ∼109 erg s−1 cm−2 and decreasing efficiency above that level.
Unveiling the Emission Mechanisms of Blazar PKS 1510−089. II. Jet−BLR Connection and Black Hole Mass Estimation
Authors: Amador-Portes Alfredo , Chavushyan Vahram , Patiño-Álvarez Víctor M. , Ramón-Valdés José 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The flat spectrum radio quasar PKS 1510−089 is one of the most active blazars across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, displaying periods of flaring activity. This study explores its spectral variability over a decade. By employing the nonthermal dominance parameter, we analyze the Hβ and λ5100 continuum light curves, as well as the FWHM of the Hβ emission line, to identify whether the primary source of the continuum emission is the accretion disk or the jet during activity periods. Our results show an anticorrelation between the FWHM and the luminosity of the Hβ emission line across all data sets. This indicates that variations in Hβ luminosity consistently reflect the canonical broad-line region (BLR), irrespective of whether the primary ionizing source is the accretion disk or the jet. The anticorrelation persisted when comparing the FWHM of Hβ against the luminosity at λ5100 in the disk dominance regime. These findings, along with the observation that flaring events in the λ5100 continuum, attributed to the jet, coincide with flares in the Hβ emission line, suggest that the base of the jet is located within the BLR. Based on the 219 spectra within the disk dominance regime, we estimated a mean black hole mass of M
BH = 2.85 ± 0.37 × 108
M
⊙.
Structure Functions of Rotation Measures Revealing the Origin of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Li Rui-Nan , Zhao Zhen-Yin , Wu Qin , Yi Shuang-Xi , Wang Fa-Yin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Structure function (SF) analysis is a powerful tool for studying plasma turbulence. Theoretically, the SF of Faraday rotation measure (RM) is expected to include a geometric component due to the relative orientation of sight lines through an ordered magnetic field. However, observational evidence for this component remains elusive. Here, we report that the SFs of the binary PSR B1744–24A and the repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 20201124A exhibit both a periodic geometric component, caused by binary orbital motion, and a flat statistical component. The statistical component, induced by stochastic fluctuations in electron density and magnetic field, aligns with RM scatter derived from pulse depolarization. These findings indicate that FRB 20201124A has a binary origin and suggest that the periodic geometric component can serve as a diagnostic tool to identify binary companions.
Comparing Narrative and Visual Arts for Empathy Enhancement in Nursing Postgraduate Education: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Yi Sichen , Cao Xuerong , Wang Xiaodan , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2025

Background
Traditional empathy teaching methods fall short in addressing the heightened empathy demands of in-service postgraduate nurses. Art-based approaches offer potential solutions.

Method

We adopted a mixed method study with a quasi-experimental design. Two groups of in-service postgraduate nurses participated in narrative (
n
= 14) and visual (
n
= 13) arts interventions. Participants underwent four 45-minute sessions, including theory lectures and art-based interventions. Pre- and postcourse questionnaires assessed empathy and psychological capital.

Results

The narrative arts group showed increased resilience (
t
= −2.775,
p
= .016) and secondary traumatic stress (
t
= −2.320,
p
= .037) postcourse. The visual arts group showed enhanced compassion satisfaction (
t
= −3.431,
p
= .005). Qualitative analysis identified two themes: empathy among participants and the benefits and challenges of the curriculum.

Conclusion

Incorporating both narrative and visual arts into nursing education could enhance empathy and well-being. Narrative arts enhanced resilience but increased secondary traumatic stress. Visual arts improved compassion satisfaction and offered a calming experience.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2025;56(2):78–84.]
Former à l’intervention socio-sportive : mettre en tension formation académique et expérience dans un dispositif continué de formation par l’analyse de pratique
Authors: Paret Karine 
Published: January 2025

L’auteur propose de mettre au jour, à partir du retour d’expérience d’alternants en analyse de pratique à l’université, une articulation possible entre situation professionnelle vécue sous tension et formation académique. S’appuyant sur le cadre théorique du « cours d’action » en anthropologie cognitive située (Theureau, 2004, 2015), elle étudie l’expérience d’étudiants confrontés à des délinquants multirécidivistes et montre un processus de construction de solutions pédagogiques émergeant en contexte, en situation critique. La médiation socio-sportive engage l’intervenant en zone grise, il s’agit d’aller vers le délinquant qui ne reconnaît ni l’autorité, ni les institutions. L’analyse fine de ces moments paradoxaux pour et par les étudiants alternants permet une réappropriation collective des expériences individuelles, d’en percevoir les atouts et les limites. Des moments de débrouillardise, d’innovation, de déviance positive (Singhal, 2015) sont rapportés dans une méthodologie d’analyse de l’activité inspirée du Laboratoire du cours d’action (Theureau, 2010). En situations complexes et incertaines, portés par leurs convictions, les étudiants font émerger (Varela, 1993) des réponses qui ne peuvent être déduites des seuls apports académiques de formation.
Chronique d’une calamité annoncée
Authors: Silva Marta Nunes , Gomes Inês , Queiroz Ana Isabel , Carmo Miguel , Ágoas Frederico 
Published: January 2025

Au Portugal, le feu, un élément central du paysage rural des communautés agropastorales du milieu du xxe siècle, a donné lieu à des grands incendies estivaux, actuellement considérés comme une calamité qui se produit fréquemment, provoquant des pertes écologiques, économiques et même humaines. Quelles sont les causes de ce changement ? À partir d'un corpus d'archives et d'entretiens réalisés dans le cadre de l’étude de cas des montagnes de Lapa et de Nave (au nord du pays), nous analysons les feux, partie intégrante du quotidien des populations dans les années 1950, puis les facteurs qui ont conduit à la transformation de ces paysages ruraux et, enfin, l’arrivée des incendies forestiers incontrôlables.
Prevalence of selected chronic diseases, health seeking behaviour and associated factors among the elderly workers of a selected district of Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunathilaka Niluka , Samaranayake Dulani L. , Weerasinghe Manuj C. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Sri Lankan demographic transition has shifted the country to a fast-ageing population. Consequently, elderly in labour force will be noteworthy. Ageing increases the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Hence, its prevalence, health seeking behaviour and associated factors need to be sought to improve the health of elderly workforce. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic and work-related characteristics of elderly workers, health status, health seeking behaviour and association between the health seeking behaviour and sociodemographic and work-related characteristics in Gampaha District of Sri Lanaka Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage cluster sampling in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka among 835 elderly workers who met the operational definition and eligibility criteria. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, covering sociodemographic and occupational details, and information on chronic illnesses and health-seeking behaviour. Bivariate analysis was carried out using Chi--squared test, considering a p-value of 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Majority of the workers (78.4%; n=655) were having at least one chronic illness and the occupation of 58% of them was affected by their chronic illness. For acute and chronic illness, 48.1% were taking treatment from private medical centres. The healthcare seeking behaviour for chronic conditions among the elderly was influenced by factors such as educational level, income, marital status, living arrangements, skill level and working patterns. Conclusions & Recommendations: The findings emphasize the need for policies and interventions that address socio-demographic disparities in healthcare access by promoting family support, insurance schemes, and adopting the health care facility provision according to the workplaces and working patterns.
Healthcare waste management practices in rural state hospitals, Ampara, Sri Lanka
Authors: Warnakulahewa Kulanga , Suraweera Inoka , Serasinghe Prasanga 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Healthcare waste encompasses all waste generated by healthcare facilities, including that from medical procedures. Approximately 10-25% of healthcare waste is hazardous while 75-90% are non-hazardous. Hazardous waste consists of sharp objects, infectious materials, pharmaceuticals, biological substances, cytotoxic agents, chemicals and radioactive materials. Effective management of healthcare waste involves reducing generation, segregating, collecting, transporting, storing, treating and disposing of it properly. Objectives: To assess healthcare waste management practices and state of related healthcare waste management facilities in rural state hospitals in the Regional Director of Health Services (RDHS) Area, Ampara Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all secondary and primary level state hospitals (n=26) in the health region, Ampara. Data collection utilised observational checklists, desk review of relevant documents and interviews with key persons by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted using relative frequencies, while significant relationships were evaluated through Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The research achieved a 100% response rate allowing observations, desk reviews and questionnaire administration in all selected hospitals. Only two hospitals demonstrated satisfactory healthcare waste management practices. None of the hospitals had a proper mechanism to transport healthcare waste. Significant associations were found between the healthcare waste management practices of the hospitals and factors such as the presence of a healthcare waste management plan in the hospital (p=0.02), the existence of a focal point for healthcare waste management activities (p=0.03) and the availability of a mechanism for regular staff training (p=0.04). Conclusions & Recommendations: The study recommends developing healthcare waste management plans, appointing focal points, establishing regular training mechanisms, allocating a separate budget, and forming healthcare waste management committees within hospitals.
Factors influencing the unexpected measles outbreak of 2023 in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kalubowila Kasunee , Gajanayake Chandana 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Measles, a highly contagious viral disease remains a significant global public health concern. The resurgence of measles outbreak in 2023 ended the four-year measles-free status in Sri Lanka initially achieved in 2019. Objectives: To examine the risk factors contributing to the unexpected outbreak in the Colombo Regional Director of Health Services (RDHS) area and offer recommendations for public health implications Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all 142 notified cases of fever and maculopapular rash reported for one-year from 1 January 2023 in Colombo RDHS area. Cases were confirmed based on serological, virological, clinical or epidemiological criteria, with incomplete data revisited to ensure accuracy. Information on demographic data, vaccination status, and contact history was collected. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to identify risk factors, and multiple logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounders. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 142 notified cases of fever and maculopapular rash, 113 were confirmed as measles (79.6%). Of the confirmed cases, 80 (70.8%) were confirmed through blood, throat, or nasal swab testing, 33 (29.2%) were clinically confirmed, and 2 (1.8%) were confirmed based on epidemiological criteria. Among the confirmed cases, 48.7% (n=55) were aged between 3-15 years, and 55.8% (n=63) were female. The highest proportion of cases was identified within the Muslim population (53.1%). A majority (n=92; 81.4%) of confirmed cases were unvaccinated. A history of contact with infected individuals significantly increased the risk of measles (OR=7.50; 95% CI: 2.10-14.4; p=0.002). Children aged 3 years or younger exhibited a lower risk (OR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.68; p=0.001), while vaccination demonstrated strong protection against infection (OR=16.61; 95% CI: 3.38-20.48; p=0.001). Contact history (adjusted OR=8.46) and non/partial vaccination (adjusted OR=6.61) were the strongest predictors of infection. Conclusions & Recommendations: Measles outbreak in 2023 was predominantly driven by unvaccinated individuals and contact with infected cases. To prevent future outbreaks and enhance immunization coverage, targeted catch-up immunization campaigns focusing on high-risk groups, alongside culturally sensitive educational initiatives are urgently required.
Knowledge and Practices Among Mothers in Detection, Treatment and Prevention of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Under Five Years in Kandy Municipal Council Area
Authors: Amaratunga H. A. , Sudaraka M. D. S. , Swarnahansika S. L. T. , Thennakoon T. M. S. S. , Tharaka H. D. R. R. , Tharangi K. H. A. S. , Thewarapperuma D. M. S. , Thilakarathne K. M. H. C. , Thilakarathne W. D. S. , Thilakarathne K. H. K. V. , Jayasinghe K. S. L. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTI) cause childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mothers play a crucial role, identifying early symptoms and obtaining proper medical advice. It was the aim of this study to assess the knowledge and practices regarding symptoms, treatment and prevention of ARTIs among mothers of children less than five years of age in the Kandy Municipal Council.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of mothers having one or more children less than five years of age living in the Kandy Municipal Council Area. A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge level regarding detection, prevention and treatment of ARTIs and values were compared with demographic factors.Result: Total of 424 mothers were recruited age range 22-35 years. The majority of mothers (83.73%) identified pneumonia as a severe ARTI. The majority (74.23%) gathered health information from public media. Many children suffered from several episodes of ARTI during the previous year. A cold was the commonest symptom and 68.87% identified viruses as the cause. Half the mothers (50.24%) sought medical advice immediately, while 33.96% gave home remedies. Family members with ARTI were separated from the child (66.04%), and 86.79% tried to improve the immunity as preventive measures. A significant relationship was found between the knowledge score and educational level, income, and employment, but not the age, and number of children.Conclusion: Overall knowledge of the mothers regarding ARTIs was not satisfactory. Mothers with a high income, high level of education and employment had better knowledge.