bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-equilibrium steady states of electrolyte interfaces
Authors: Bier Markus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The non-equilibrium steady states of a semi-infinite quasi-one-dimensional univalent binary electrolyte solution, characterised by non-vanishing electric currents, are investigated by means of Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory. Exact analytical expressions of the electric field, the charge density and the number density are derived, which depend on the electric current density as a parameter. From a non-equilibrium version of the Grahame equation, which relates the total space charge per cross-sectional area and the corresponding contribution of the electric potential drop, the current-dependent differential capacitance of the diffuse layer is derived. In the limit of vanishing electric current these results reduce to those within Gouy-Chapman theory. It is shown that improperly chosen boundary conditions lead to non-equilibrium steady state solutions of the PNP equations with negative ion number densities. A necessary and sufficient criterion on surface conductivity constitutive relations is formulated which allows one to detect such unphysical solutions.
Spin–orbit interaction enabled high-fidelity two-qubit gates
Authors: Qi Jiaan , Liu Zhi-Hai , Xu Hongqi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the implications of spin–orbit interaction (SOI) for two-qubit gates (TQGs) in semiconductor spin qubit platforms. SOI renders the exchange interaction governing qubit pairs anisotropic, posing a serious challenge for conventional TQGs derived for the isotropic Heisenberg exchange. Starting from microscopic level, we develop a concise computational Hamiltonian that captures the essence of SOI, and use it to derive properties of the rotating-frame time evolutions. Two key findings are made. First, for the controlled-phase/controlled-Z gate, we show and analytically prove the existence of ‘SOI nodes’ where the fidelity can be optimally enhanced, with only slight modifications in terms of gate time and local phase corrections. Second, we discover and discuss novel two-qubit dynamics that are inaccessible without SOI—the reflection gate and the direct controlled-not gate (CNOT). The relevant conditions and achievable fidelities are explicitly derived for the direct CNOT.
Simulation study of ZnO nanorod geometry for the development of high-performance tactile sensors and energy harvesting devices
Authors: Ahmed Rehan , Kumar Pramod 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
ZnO exhibits an excellent piezoelectric response and can transduce mechanical energy into electrical signals by applying pressure. In particular, vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were thought to be of great importance because of their higher value of piezoelectric coefficient along the z-direction. In this study, various geometries of ZnO nanorods are explored and their effect on the strength of piezoelectric output potential is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation results show that out of many geometries and inclinations of ZnO nanorods, the highest piezoelectric output is demonstrated by the inclined ZnO nanorods due to the application of higher torque force or shear stress in similar applied force. The high torque force or shear stress at 60° orientation and optimized contributions from all the piezoelectric coefficients resulted in a high piezoelectric output potential close to 215 mV which is much higher than the vertically aligned ZnO nanorod which is approximately 25 mV.
Confined granular gases under the influence of vibrating walls
Authors: Mayo M , Petit J C , García de Soria M I , Maynar P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper we study the dynamics of a system composed of inelastic hard spheres or disks that are confined between two parallel vertically vibrating walls (the vertical direction is defined as the direction perpendicular to the walls). The distance between the two walls is supposed to be larger than twice the diameter of the particles so that the particles can pass over each other, but is still much smaller than the dimensions of the walls. Hence, the system can be considered to be quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-one-dimensional) in the hard spheres (disks) case. For dilute systems, a closed evolution equation for the one-particle distribution function is formulated that takes into account the effects of the confinement. Assuming the system is spatially homogeneous, the kinetic equation is solved approximating the distribution function by a two-temperature (horizontal and vertical) Gaussian distribution. The obtained evolution equations for the partial temperatures are solved, finding a very good agreement with molecular dynamics simulation results for a wide range of parameters (inelasticity, height and density) for states whose projection over a plane parallel to the walls is homogeneous. In the stationary state, where the energy lost in collisions is compensated by the energy injected by the walls, the pressure tensor in the horizontal direction is analyzed and its relation with an instability of the homogeneous state observed in the simulations is discussed.
SCAM-GAN: Generating brain MR images from CT scan data based on CycleGAN combined with attention module
Authors: Liu Songming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The diagnosis of epilepsy often depends heavily on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Unfortunately, the utilization of MRI is constrained, due to its expensive price and lengthy operating times. More significantly, certain people with claustrophobia or cardiac pacemakers are not candidates for MRI owing to the risk of harm. Computed tomography (CT) images, in comparison, are considerably faster, cheaper, and free from the same restrictions. As opposed to conventional medical imaging synthetic techniques, which rely on abundant unpaired data or a minimum number of paired data, the proposed method in this study utilizes unpaired training data to predict an MR picture from a CT scan. This method overcomes tight registration problem in paired training and reduces the challenge of context mismatch in unpaired training. It is possible to convert 2D brain MR pictures from CT scans using the Spatial & Channel Attention Mechanism-Generative Adversarial Network (SCAM-GAN) that includes cycle-consistent and adversarial losses. The superiority of the proposed strategy was established by quantitative comparisons versus separate training approaches which are paired and unpaired.
Few-shot sheep counting based on density map regression
Authors: Liu Qiaokun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the continuous expansion of breeding scale, the automatic counting of sheep has attracted a lot of research attention in recent years, which aims to count the number of sheep in real time to rationally use grassland resources and design appropriate agricultural production policies. The traditional method of counting sheep mainly relies on manual work, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thanks to the rapid development of image acquisition equipment and pattern recognition technology, the recognition and counting of sheep based on deep learning has become the current mainstream counting framework. However, for dense flocks of sheep, such as occlusions between sheep, the accuracy of existing methods cannot meet the needs of practical applications. In this paper, we suggest FamNet, a few-shot sheep counting method based on UAV images and density map regression. Specifically, we first collected 190 sheep images with different resolutions, aspect ratios, backgrounds, and sheep numbers; secondly, by selecting count samples to extract objects in the images, and using density map regression to predict the number of sheep, this enables sheep counting in small numbers of samples. A large number of experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the method in this paper, which can achieve an average counting accuracy of 91.02%. In addition, we discuss the impact of sample selection, backbone selection, and feature scaling on model accuracy. All the results show that the FamNet flock counting method proposed in this paper can be applied to flock counting, has good adaptability to flock counting under different background conditions and can count the number of flocks in a timely and effective manner.
A study on impacts of hardware changes on performance of different multithreading libraries based on Gem5
Authors: Gu Chen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a thorough investigation into the performance of various multithreading libraries on different hardware configurations utilizing gem5. The study compares the performance of commonly-used multithreading libraries, including OpenMP, Pthread, TBB, and Dlib, through several benchmarks representing distinct types of workloads. Key hardware factors that directly affect the performance of each library are identified and analyzed. The research findings provide valuable insights and recommendations for selecting an appropriate multithreading library for a given application and hardware platform. Results indicate that the performance of multithreading libraries is influenced by numerous hardware factors, such as L1 cache size, L1 cache associate, L1 cache replacement policy, number of threads, and memory type. The libraries respond differently to these factors, and the performance variability of each library depends on the nature of the workload. The study offers a detailed analysis and valuable insights into the effects of these hardware factors on each library. This study contributes by presenting a comprehensive comparison of several widely used multithreading libraries across numerous hardware configurations, identifying the key hardware factors that influence the performance of each library, and providing insights and recommendations for selecting an appropriate multithreading library for a given application and hardware platform. Ultimately, the study results can help software developers make informed decisions when selecting a multithreading library and optimizing performance for their applications.
Facial emotion classification based on the modified VGG and MobileNet
Authors: Yang Fangpei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Emotion classification is an essential area of face recognition, which is widely applied recently, especially in information security. This study focus on model performance to explore a more efficient one that can produce a more precise prediction. In this paper, this study implement two distinct models, which are modified to classify emotions. The adaption models are added by one convolutional layer, one flatten layer, followed by activation layer and loss function layer. In order to estimate and compare them more straightforwardly, the metrics such as precision, loss, accuracy, recall and auc are introduced. Also, data augmentation to enlarge data sample size is achieved by rotation, width and length shift as well as horizontal lift. In the end, VGG16 shows a better performance with 0.9238 accuracy and 0.7780 loss in training, whereas MobileNet is slightly less outstanding with 0.9009 accuracy and 1.0280 loss in training. This study deal with choices of specific emotion classification models and attain a conclusion that VGG16 performs better in the given dataset.
Identification of forest insects based on machine learning
Authors: Zhang Zihan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Forest is one of the core subjects of terrestrial ecosystems, and forest insects form an important part of forest ecosystems. In recent years, the monitoring of forest insects has become particularly important as forest species diversity continues to evolve. In that case, this paper proposed a methodology to identify forest insects based on machine learning. This paper focused on three questions: for the data set, owing to the lack of existing datasets of forest insects, a delta-coder technique was used to learn the features of a few-shot dataset and generate more data (enhanced dataset) for machine learning program to learn; for the neural network, the author pre-processed the neural network by training an improved ResNet-18 network on insect section of ImageNet, then, the pre-trained ResNet-18 network was used as prototypical network and was trained by the enhanced dataset; for the effectiveness estimation of the identification model, SVM, ResNet, and VGGNet were used to do the same identifying process and compare the accuracy of this paper’s work and other three algorithms. By modifying the algorithm over and over again, a machine learning-based forest insect identification model was derived with an accuracy of 97.89%.
Marine debris in three species of bivalve from two big fish markets in Indonesia
Authors: Ilham  , Tanjung J D D , Liza C , Zainuddin Z , Priawandiputra W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bivalves can accumulate various particles, including micro debris. Unfortunately, no study has been recorded the marine debris on the consumed bivalves. We aimed to investigate marine debris in Perna viridis, Andara granosa, and Marcia hiantina from major fish market at Jakarta and Makassar. Ten individual tissues for each species were taken and added with H2O2 with a concentration of 50% then the solution was placed in a thermoshaker at 60°C to accelerate the dissolution process. Concentrated NaCl was added for the flotation process then extracted using a vacuum system with 102 Ø11.0 cm Whattman filter paper. Particles were observed with a stereo microscope and then clarified using FTIR microscope to determine the type of polymer. The abundance of microdebris in specimens from Jakarta showed a higher number of particles with a range of 8.90 particles/individual to 12.60 particles/individual. Meanwhile, the specimens from Makassar had a lower number of particles range from 3.90 particles/individual to 8.90 particles/individual. Consistently, the highest number of microdebris particles was found in P. viridis. Plastopal/Epoxy resin was detected as a type of polymer from several clarified samples. We recorded that the three bivalves differently accumulated microdebris in number and types.
Correlation and path coefficient studies of growth characters on glucomannan content of eddoe taro (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum)
Authors: Maretta D , Helianti I , Santosa E , Purwono  , Sobir  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Glucomannan is classified as a non-starch polysaccharide and has positively affected health and beauty. The breeding program to create new varieties of taro with high glucomannan content is challenging and requires comprehensive studies to produce high-quality food. This study investigated the characters correlation and direct and indirect responses to glucomannan production in the tuber. The experiment was conducted in three locations with 14 genotypes of Eddoe taro using a full-block design with two replications. Ten characters were evaluated for their correlation to glucomannan, which was accomplished using path analysis for each location experiment and followed by model selection using the backward elimination method. The character of the cormel number always has a positive correlation with the glucomannan variable, either directly or indirectly, with a high value of the path coefficient. On the contrary, the difference between the correlation value and path coefficient for determining the selection criteria was unfulfilled because it was > 0.05, and the residual effect was > 0.61, indicating that this model insufficient to explain more than 60% of the influence of anything other than the standardized independent. According to the study’s results, this character doesn’t meet the requirements for selection criteria.
Expression of nutrient uptake-related genes in response to beneficial bacterial consortium application on Musa acuminata
Authors: Anugrah D B , Pambudi A , Effendi Y 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The banana plant holds significant importance in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, the intensive use of biological fertilizers derived from soil microbes in horticulture productions has been reported for various beneficial reasons. These include improved nutrient availability, enhanced soil structure, disease suppression, increased plant stress tolerance, and environmental sustainability. This study examines the expression of nutrient uptake-related genes following applying a soil consortium consisting of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Bacillus pseudomycoides. The banana plants were subjected to four 100 ml bacterial consortium suspension applications. Morphological and physiological observations were conducted in a greenhouse, while eight genes’ expression levels were assessed using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. The research employed a design with two treatments: control and application of the consortium bacteria; each replicated 10 times. The findings revealed that the treated plants exhibited the highest increase in leaf length during 40 days. Additionally, the plants treated with the bacterial consortium demonstrated increased gene expression associated with efficient phosphate and nitrogen uptake, specifically in Ma01_g01890, Ma03_g26260, WRKY26, WRKY31, and WRKY33 genes, after fourteen days of bacterial application. Consequently, this consortium can be employed as a biofertilizer for plants.
Bird diversity and guild composition in five urban parks of DKI Jakarta
Authors: Mulyani Y A , Hermawan R , Rushayati S B , Suryani R , Zulhidayat H , Marcellia  , Mahesa R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Green open spaces in the cities are expected to improve overall biodiversity in urban area. Birds are known as an indicator of biodiversity. Guild as ecological group is considered more practical than species diversity in representing a community structure. This study aimed at examining bird diversity and guild composition in five urban parks in DKI Jakarta. The study was conducted from April to May 2023. Data was collected in Cagar Buah Condet, Taman Tebet Eco Park, Hutan Kota Monas, Hutan Kota Srengseng and Taman Hutan Kota Penjaringan. Birds were surveyed using point count method while vegetation data was collected using plots. Bird and vegetation diversity was calculated using Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), while guilds are categorized using a priori method. Data was analysed using descriptive method. There was a total of 38 bird species from 26 families and 6 feeding guilds. Guild composition consisted of insectivores (42.1%), frugivores (18.4%), granivores (13.2%), piscivores (13.2%), omnivores (7.9%), and nectarivores (5.3%). Despite having lowest bird diversity, Hutan Kota Srengseng (H’= 1.944) was used by all feeding guilds. Hutan Kota Monas have highest bird diversity(H’=2.603). Tree diversity was highest in Hutan Kota Monas (H’= 2.843) and the lowest was in Cagar Buah Condet (H’=1.467).
Effect of Banana bunchy top virus on the life cycle and fecundity of its insect vector
Authors: Hardi  , Hidayat P , Sartiami D , Hidayat S H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Pentalonia nigronervosa and Pentalonia caladii are insect vectors of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) on banana plants. The virus that circulates in the body of its insect vector may affect the insect’s physiology or life cycle. This study aimed to determine the life cycles and fecundity of P. nigronervosa and P. caladii after they acquired BBTV. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, i.e., viruliferous (P1) and non-viruliferous (P2) P. nigronervosa, viruliferous (P3) and non-viruliferous (P4) P. caladii. Viruliferous and non-viruliferous aphids were obtained by feeding the insects on BBTV-infected and healthy banana leaves, respectively. The experimental results showed that both species’ life cycles and fecundity of viruliferous and non-viruliferous aphids differed significantly. Nymphs and adult periods of P1 were 2.70 days and 1.26 days shorter than those of P2, respectively; while nymphs and adult periods of P3 were 0.9 days and 1.8 days shorter than those of P4, respectively. The average fecundity of P1 (34.22+0.82) was higher than that of P2 (19.64+0.55), and P3 (25.80+0.60) was higher than that of P4 (19.32+0.45). This proves that BBTV causes a shorter life cycle and higher fekundity of aphid vectors.
Use of epiphyte by bird communities in IPB Dramaga campus
Authors: Rahman A A , Perwitasari-Farajallah D , Mulyani Y A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Epiphytes have a direct or indirect influence on terrestrial ecosystems. The presence of epiphytes can increase habitat complexity vertically and benefit animals, especially birds. The objectives of this study were to identify the species of epiphytes, their host trees, and the birds and to analyze how composition of epiphytes and host trees affects the diversity and abundance of birds. The research was conducted in seven sites within the IPB Dramaga Campus from December 2022 to February 2023. We collected biotic data (the number and type of epiphytes, host trees, and birds) and abiotic data (temperature and humidity) at each site. We used Paleontological Statisctic (PAST) to calculate the diversity index and R software to examine the correlation between birds and epiphytes. We found a significant positive correlation between the species richness of epiphytes, host trees, and birds. The sites with the highest diversity and abundance of trees, epiphytes, and birds were Conservation Park and Campus Forest Park. Sites with more diverse and abundant epiphytes had lower temperatures on average. We observed four bird species that used epiphytes: Pycnonotus aurigaster, Aegithina tiphia, Sitta frontalis, and Dicaeum trochileum. These species foraged for invertebrates on or near the Asplenium sp. epiphytes.
The growth of mahogany seedlings (Swietenia macrophylla King.) in various planting media and shade intensity
Authors: Tanjung H U , Tata H L , Triadiati  
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Swietenia macrophylla has potential in the economic, health and environmental sectors; so, this tree is one of the species used for forest rehabilitation. The growth of S. macrophylla is influenced by environmental factors, including the quality of the growing medium and shade intensity. This study aimed to obtain the right planting medium and shade for the growth of S. macrophylla seedlings. This research was conducted using a split-plot design with randomized groups. The main plot was shade using paranet which consists of 2 levels, while the subplot was the planting medium which consists of 5 levels. The results showed that the interaction of mineral soil medium treatment and without shade resulted in the highest seedlings height and total fresh weight in mahogany seedlings. The quality index of mahogany seedlings (SQI) is influenced by no-shade treatment
Analysis of land cover changes case in the Batang Toru landscape
Authors: Pasaribu P H P , Situmorang R O P , Saputra M H , Hartatik S E , Budiharta S , Siregar M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Land cover and land use changes have impacted nearly every form of life on Earth. Batang Toru landscape dominated as a protected area has been experiencing environmental problems due to human activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze land cover changes and land function in Batang Toru Landscape, North Sumatra from 2014 to 2020. We evaluated the changes by using overlay and spatial analysis using the software ArcMap 10.4 and QGIS Las Palmas version. The results of this study showed that during 2014-2020, Batang Toru Landscape covers and functions significantly changed. The areas that experienced the increasing number were agriculture dryland mixed with shrub areas 24,581.70 ha (9.86%), secondary dryland forests 14,439.60 ha (5.80%), paddy areas 3,523.95 ha (1.39%), open areas 1,117.35 ha (0.44%), and industrial forest plantation 429.75 ha (0.18%). Meanwhile, the decreasing areas were dryland agriculture 24,925.49 ha (10.02%), shrubs 17,361.90 ha (6.97%), and primary dryland forest 1,804.95 ha (0.72%). This study can be used as a consideration for the government in managing the landscape to combat the serious environmental problems in Batang Toru.