bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured therapeutic writing tasks as an adjunct to treatment in eating disorders
Authors: Schmidt Ulrike , Bone Gillian , Hems Saskia , Lessem Joey , Treasure Janet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEating disorder patients, especially those with anorexia nervosa, are experientially avoidant. This group of patients finds talking treatments difficult and many standard psychotherapeutic techniques are difficult to implement. This paper discusses why therapeutic writing might be a useful adjunct to the treatment of eating disorders. Different types of therapeutic writing exercises may be useful at different stages of treatment and might aid the therapeutic process in different ways. The limitations of therapeutic writing are also discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Does ecological momentary assessment improve cognitive behavioural therapy for binge eating disorder? A pilot study
Authors: le Grange Daniel , Gorin Amy , Dymek Maureen , Stone Arthur 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to test whether self‐monitoring in CBT could be enhanced in order to improve the identification of proximal antecedents of binge eating in binge eating disorder (BED). CBT was modified by asking participants to monitor all eating intensively through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). A total of 41 females (mean BMI = 37.9; SD = 8.2) meeting DSM‐IV criteria for BED were randomly assigned to one of two group treatments; CBT (n = 22) or CBT with EMA (n = 19). CBT with EMA differed from CBT in that for the first 2 weeks of treatment, participants completed detailed pocket diaries about mood, events, etc., when signalled at random by programmable wristwatches, as well as at all times when eating. All participants completed measures of eating (EDE‐Q, TFEQ, EES) and general psychopathology (BDI, RSE) before treatment, at the end of treatment, and at 1‐year follow‐up. While both treatment groups showed improvement on the outcome variables of interest, the individual data gained via EMA did not significantly enhance standard CBT. Therefore, it is unlikely that further research incorporating EMA as a therapeutic technique within CBT for BED will be compelling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Sex differences in body satisfaction, feeling fat and pressure to diet among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam T. H. , Stewart Sunita Mahtani , Leung Gabriel , Ho S. Y. , Fan Alex Hoi , Ma Alison L. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjective:This study examines body size, body satisfaction (BodSat), feelings of fatness (FeelFat) and pressure to diet (PressDiet) in 356 non‐referred Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The primary interest was to elucidate the mechanisms that increase risk for girls to translate their dissatisfaction with their bodies into weight restriction efforts.Method:Secondary school boys (n = 192) and girls (n = 164) completed selected scales of the Body Attitudes Questionnaire with measures for BodSat, FeelFat and PressDiet. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on current weight and height.Results:As predicted, the association between FeelFat and PressDiet was stronger in girls than boys. FeelFat mediated the effect of BodSat and BMI on PressDiet in girls. In contrast, in boys, BMI influenced PressDiet independently of FeelFat.Discussion:These findings suggest that the effect of BMI on PressDiet may be a protective factor against eating pathology in boys. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Spatial patterns of water surface topography at a river confluence
Authors: Biron Pascale M. , Richer Antoine , Kirkbride Alistair D. , Roy André G. , Han Sangsoo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnderstanding flow structures in river confluences has largely been the product of interpretations made from measured flow velocity data. Here, we turn the attention to the investigation of the patterns of both the average and standard deviations of the micro‐topography of the water surface at an asymmetrical natural discordant confluence for different flow conditions. Water surface topography is measured using a total station to survey the position of a reflector mounted on a custom‐built raft. To limit error problems related to changes in the water level, measurements are taken and analysed by cross‐stream transects where five water surface profiles are taken before moving to the next transect. Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of the flow dynamics at the field site are used to examine predicted water surface topography for a steady‐state situation. The patterns are interpreted with respect to flow structure dynamics, visual observations of boils, and bed topography. Results indicate that coherent patterns emerge at the water surface of a discordant bed confluence for different flow conditions. The zone of stagnation and the mixing layer are characterized by super‐elevation, a lateral tilt is present at the edge of the mixing layer, and a zone of super‐elevation is present on the tributary side at the downstream junction corner. The latter seems associated with periodical upwelling and is not present in the numerical simulations that do not take into account instantaneous velocity fluctuations. Planform curvature, topographic steering related to the tributary mouth bar, and turbulent structures associated with the mixing layer all play a key role in the pattern of both the average and standard deviation of the water surface topography at confluences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stability criterion inherent in laws governing alluvial channel flow
Authors: Huang He Qing , Nanson Gerald C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe stability criterion of maximum flow efficiency (MFE) has previously been found inherent in typical alluvial channel flow relationships, and this study investigates the general nature of this criterion using a wider range of flow resistance and bedload transport formulae. For straight alluvial channels, in which the effect of sediment sorting is insignificant, our detailed mathematical analysis demonstrates that a flow efficiency factor ε occurs generally as the ratio of sediment (bedload) discharge Qs to stream power Ω (γQS) in the form of $\def\endash{\hbox{--}}\def\lambdabar{{\mathchar'26\mkern-9mu\lambda}} {\varepsilon = {Q_{\rm s}}/ \Omega^{\lambdabar} (\lambdabar = 0{\cdot}86\endash 0{\cdot}88)}$. When ε is maximized (i.e. Qs is maximized or Ω is minimized), maximally efficient straight channel geometries derived from most flow resistance and bedload transport formulae are found compatible with observed bankfull hydraulic geometry relations. This study provides support for the use of the criteria of MFE, maximum sediment transporting capacity and minimum stream power for understanding the operation of alluvial rivers, and also addresses limitations to the direct application of its findings. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flooding and geomorphic impacts in a mountain torrent: Raise Beck, central Lake District, England
Authors: Johnson R. M. , Warburton J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRaise Beck is a mountain torrent located in the central Lake District fells, northern England (drainage area of 1·27 km2). The torrent shows evidence of several major flood events, the most recent of which was in January 1995. This event caused a major channel avulsion at the fan apex diverting the main flood flow to the south, blocking the A591 trunk road and causing local flooding. The meteorological conditions associated with this event are described using local rainfall records and climatic data. Records show 164 mm of rainfall in the 24 hours preceding the flood. The peak flood discharge is reconstructed using palaeohydrological and rainfall–runoff methods, which provide discharge values of 27–74 m3s−1, and 4–6 m3s−1, respectively. The flood transported boulders with b‐axes up to 1400 mm. These results raise some important general questions about flood estimation in steep mountain catchments. The geomorphological impact of the event is evaluated by comparing aerial photographs from before and after the flood, along with direct field observations. Over the historical timescale the impact and occurrence of flooding is investigated using lichenometry, long‐term rainfall data, and documentary records. Two major historical floods events are identified in the middle of the nineteenth century. The deposits of the recent and historical flood events dominate the sedimentological evidence of flooding at Raise Beck, therefore the catchment is sensitive to high magnitude, low frequency events. Following the 1995 flood much of the lower catchment was channelized using rip‐rap bank protection, re‐establishing flow north towards Thirlmere. The likely success of this management strategy in containing future floods is considered, based on an analysis of channel capacities. It is concluded that the channelization scheme is only a short‐term solution, which would fail to contain the discharge of an event equivalent to the January 1995 flood. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vegetation influences on water yields from grassland and shrubland ecosystems in the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Neave Mel , Abrahams Athol D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examines runoff generated under simulated rainfall on Summerford bajada in the Jornada Basin, New Mexico, USA. Forty‐five simulation experiments were conducted on 1 m2 and 2 m2 runoff plots on grassland, degraded grassland, shrub and intershrub environments located in grassland and shrubland communities. Average hydrographs generated for each environment show that runoff originates earlier on the vegetated plots than on the unvegetated plots. This early generation of runoff is attributed to soil infiltration rates being overwhelmed by the rapid concentration of water at the base of plants by stemflow. Hydrographs from the degraded grassland and intershrub plots rise continuously throughout the 30 min simulation events indicating that these plots do not achieve equilibrium runoff. This continuously rising form is attributed to the progressive development of raindrop‐induced surface seals. Most grassland and shrub plots level out after the initial early rise indicating equilibrium runoff is achieved. Some shrub plots, however, display a decline in discharge after the early rise. The delayed infiltration of water into macropores beneath shrubs with vegetation in their understories is proposed to explain this declining form. Water yields predicted at the community level indicate that the shrubland sheds 150 per cent more water for a given storm event than the grassland. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discussion on 'Estimating depth‐averaged velocities in rough channels'
Authors: Ferro Vito , Carollo Francesco G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this short communication the four estimate criteria of the depth‐averaged local velocity proposed by Byrd et al. (Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2000, Vol. 25, pp. 167–173) are compared both with the three‐point method of Bathurst and with the average velocity obtained by integrating the velocity profile (FPa2) suggested by Ferro and Pecoraro (Water Resources Research, 2000, Vol. 36, pp. 2761–2770). The comparison was carried out using 84 velocity profiles measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter in a rectangular flume with a gravel bed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some recent finite volume schemes to compute Euler equations using real gas EOS
Authors: Gallouët T. , Hérard J.‐M. , Seguin N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper deals with the resolution by finite volume methods of Euler equations in one space dimension, with real gas state laws (namely, perfect gas EOS, Tammann EOS and Van Der Waals EOS). All tests are of unsteady shock tube type, in order to examine a wide class of solutions, involving Sod shock tube, stationary shock wave, simple contact discontinuity, occurrence of vacuum by double rarefaction wave, propagation of a one‐rarefaction wave over ‘vacuum’, … Most of the methods computed herein are approximate Godunov solvers: VFRoe, VFFC, VFRoe ncv (τ, u, p) and PVRS. The energy relaxation method with VFRoe ncv (τ, u, p) and Rusanov scheme have been investigated too. Qualitative results are presented or commented for all test cases and numerical rates of convergence on some test cases have been measured for first‐ and second‐order (Runge–Kutta 2 with MUSCL reconstruction) approximations. Note that rates are measured on solutions involving discontinuities, in order to estimate the loss of accuracy due to these discontinuities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the validity of the perturbation approach for the flow inside weakly modulated channels
Authors: Zhou H. , Khayat R. E. , Martinuzzi R. J. , Straatman A. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe equations governing the flow of a viscous fluid in a two‐dimensional channel with weakly modulated walls have been solved using a perturbation approach, coupled to a variable‐step finite‐difference scheme. The solution is assumed to be a superposition of a mean and perturbed field. The perturbation results were compared to similar results from a classical finite‐volume approach to quantify the error. The influence of the wall geometry and flow Reynolds number have extensively been investigated. It was found that an explicit relation exists between the critical Reynolds number, at which the wall flow separates, and the dimensionless amplitude and wavelength of the wall modulation. Comparison of the flow shows that the perturbation method requires much less computational effort without sacrificing accuracy. The differences in predicted flow is kept well around the order of the square of the dimensionless amplitude, the order to which the regular perturbation expansion of the flow variables is carried out. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel finite point method for flow simulation
Authors: Cheng M. , Liu G. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel finite point method is developed to simulate flow problems. The mashes in the traditional numerical methods are supplanted by the distribution of points in the calculation domain. A local interpolation based on the properties of Taylor series expansion is used to construct an approximation for unknown functions and their derivatives. An upwind‐dominated scheme is proposed to efficiently handle the non‐linear convection. Comparison with the finite difference solutions for the two‐dimensional driven cavity flow and the experimental results for flow around a cylinder shows that the present method is capable of satisfactorily predicting the flow separation characteristic. The present algorithm is simple and flexible for complex geometric boundary. The influence of the point distribution on computation time and accuracy of results is included. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate forecasting of the undecided population in a public opinion poll
Authors: Monterola Christopher , Lim May , Garcia Jerrold , Saloma Caesar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of pollsters is addressed which is to forecast accurately the final answers of the undecided respondents to the primary question in a public opinion poll. The task is viewed as a pattern‐recognition problem of correlating the answers of the respondents to the peripheral questions in the survey with their primary answers. The underlying pattern is determined with a supervised artificial neural network that is trained using the peripheral answers of the decided respondents whose primary answers are also known. With peripheral answers as inputs, the trained network outputs the most probable primary response of an undecided respondent. For a poll conducted to determine the approval rating of the (former) Philippine president, J. E. Estrada in December 1999 and March 2000, the trained network predicted with a 95% success rate the direct responses of a test population that consists of 24.57% of the decided population who were excluded in the network training set. For the undecided population (22.67% of December respondents; 23.67% of March respondents), the network predicted a final response distribution that is consistent with the approval/disapproval ratio of the decided population. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guesstimation
Authors: Charemza Wojciech W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMacroeconomic model builders attempting to construct forecasting models frequently face constraints of data scarcity in terms of short time series of data, and also of parameter non‐constancy and underspecification. Hence, a realistic alternative is often to guess rather than to estimate parameters of such models. This paper concentrates on repetitive guessing (drawing) parameters from iteratively changing distributions, with the straightforward objective function being that of minimization of squares of ex‐post prediction errors, weighted by penalty weights and subject to a learning process. The examples are those of a Monte Carlo analysis of a regression problem and of a dynamic disequilibrium model. It is also an example of an empirical econometric model of the Polish economy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A ground‐level ozone forecasting model for Santiago, Chile
Authors: Jorquera Héctor , Palma Wilfredo , Tapia José 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA physically based model for ground‐level ozone forecasting is evaluated for Santiago, Chile. The model predicts the daily peak ozone concentration, with the daily rise of air temperature as input variable; weekends and rainy days appear as interventions. This model was used to analyse historical data, using the Linear Transfer Function/Finite Impulse Response (LTF/FIR) formalism; the Simultaneous Transfer Function (STF) method was used to analyse several monitoring stations together. Model evaluation showed a good forecasting performance across stations—for low and high ozone impacts—with power of detection (POD) values between 70 and 100%, Heidke's Skill Scores between 40% and 70% and low false alarm rates (FAR). The model consistently outperforms a pure persistence forecast. Model performance was not sensitive to different implementation options. The model performance degrades for two‐ and three‐days ahead forecast, but is still acceptable for the purpose of developing an environmental warning system at Santiago. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Portfolio managers' and novices' forecasts of risk and return: are there predictable forecast errors?
Authors: Muradog̃lu Gülnur 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the individual behaviour that underlies the overreaction hypothesis by conducting a controlled experiment. Two areas that were not captured by previous research on the validity of the overreaction hypothesis are investigated. First, actual portfolio managers are employed as forecasters. Second a real‐world assessment task is given in the form of predicting the prices of stocks traded on the exchange on a real time basis. The purpose is to explore return expectations and risk perceptions of portfolio managers as well as financially unsophisticated investors by using point and interval forecasts provided for different forecast horizons in bull and bear markets. Contributions stem from three sources. (1) The use of financially sophisticated subjects for the first time in an experimental framework testing the overreaction hypothesis makes possible to control for the effect of expertise. (2) The use of different forecast horizons controls for the effect of forecast period. (3) The use of real‐time forecasts of specific stocks traded at the stock exchange, for the first time in an experimental framework testing the overreaction hypothesis enables to control for ecological validity. Discussions will be given as to the portfolio managers' versus naive investors' interpolating asset prices from past trends and hedging behaviour, due to their caution in projections of ranges for future prices. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing interdisciplinary health research–theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Aagaard‐Hansen Jens , Henry Ouma John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterdisciplinary health research can offer valuable evidence for health care managers. However, there are specific challenges regarding the management of such projects. Based on 7 years of experience from a project in western Kenya, the authors point to the need for a sufficient time horizon, a high level of communication, equity between the disciplines and the identification of appropriate evaluation criteria as issues to be considered. The theoretical framework of Rosenfield was modified to comply with the complexities of field management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Markets for hospital services in Zambia
Authors: Nakamba Pamela , Hanson Kara , McPake Barbara 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHospital reforms involving the introduction of measures to increase competition in hospital markets are being implemented in a range of low and middle‐income countries. However, little is understood about the operation of hospital markets outside the USA and the UK. This paper assesses the degree of competition for hospital services in two hospital markets in Zambia (Copperbelt and Midlands), and the implications for prices, quality and efficiency. We found substantial differences among different hospital types in prices, costs and quality, suggesting that the hospital service market is a segmented market. The two markets differ significantly in their degree of competition, with the high cost inpatient services market in Copperbelt relatively more competitive than that in the Midlands market. The implications of these differences are discussed in terms of the potential for competition to improve hospital performance, the impact of market structure on equity of access, and how the government should address the problem of the mine hospitals. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐invasive molecular detection of bladder cancer recurrence
Authors: Amira Najla , Mourah Samia , Rozet François , Teillac Pierre , Fiet Jean , Aubin Philippe , Cortesse Ariane , Desgrandchamps François , Le Duc Alain , Cussenot Olivier , Soliman Hany 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common bladder tumor and ≈90% of bladder TCC are superficial at initial diagnosis. High recurrence rate and possible progression to muscle invasive disease that is eventually indicated for radical cystectomy are established features of these tumors. Therefore, reliable predictors of tumor recurrence are of critical importance for management of superficial bladder TCC. Successful molecular diagnosis of bladder cancer by detecting genetic lesions: loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or microsatellite instability (MSI) in cells exfoliated in urine has been reported by several groups including ours. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive potential of microsatellite analysis of cells exfoliated in urine in the detection of superficial bladder TCC recurrence. We studied 47 Caucasian patients with confirmed superficial bladder TCC (37 pTa, 10 pT1) at initial diagnosis. Blood samples were obtained once from every patient whereas urine samples were collected before each cystoscopy (initial and follow‐up). Matched DNAs from blood and urine were subjected to microsatellite analysis in a blinded fashion. The follow‐up period ranged 12–48 months after tumor resection. Microsatellite analysis correctly identified 94% (44/47) of primary tumors and 92% (12/13) of tumor recurrences. Interestingly enough, 75% (9/12) of tumor recurrences were molecularly detected 1–9 months before cystoscopic evidence of recurrent disease. This study demonstrated clearly that not only urine microsatellite analysis reliably detected superficial bladder tumors, but also was a reliable test for detecting and predicting tumor recurrence in Caucasian patients. These results warrant multicenter randomized trials. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.