bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of local control by 4’-[methyl-11C]-thiotymidine PET volume parameters in p16-negative oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ouchi Yohei , Kishino Takehito , Miyashita Takenori , Mori Terushige , Mitamura Katsuya , Norikane Takashi , Yamamoto Yuka , Hoshikawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
We investigated the potential of baseline 4′-[methyl-11C]-thiothymidine ([11C]4DST) PET for predicting loco-regional control of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed using volumetric parameters, such as SUVmax, proliferative tumor volume (PTV), and total lesion proliferation (TLP), of pretreatment [11C]4DST PET for 91 patients with HNSCC with primary lesions in the oral cavity, hypopharynx, supraglottis, and oropharynx, which included p16-negative patients. PTV and TLP were calculated for primary lesions and metastatic lymph nodes combined. We examined the association among the parameters and relapse-free survival and whether case selection focused on biological characteristics improved the accuracy of prognosis prediction.

Results
The area under the curves (AUCs) using PTV and TLP were high for the oropharyngeal/hypopharyngeal/supraglottis groups (0.91 and 0.87, respectively), whereas that of SUVmax was 0.66 (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the oral group had lower AUCs for PTV and TLP (0.72 and 0.77, respectively). When all cases were examined, the AUCs using PTV and TLP were 0.84 and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion
Baseline [11C]4DST PET/CT volume-based parameters can provide important prognostic information with p16-negative oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and supraglottic cancer patients.
Transfusion strategies for neonates: current perspectives
Authors: Shafique Muhammed A. , Abbas Syeda Q. , Habiba Ume , Mughal Aira , Fadlalla Ahmad Tagwa Kalool , Munir Chaudhary Anfal 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Blood transfusion intervention has been proven to be a crucial therapeutic aid for preterm infants with serious morbidities such as sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and cardiopulmonary insufficiencies. However, blood transfusion practices have also been shown to cause significant adverse outcomes, which may negate the therapeutic effect of the intervention. To address the varying policies regarding the administration of blood products, healthcare professionals have adopted a consensus-based approach. The absence of a standard protocol has resulted in conflicting outcomes in previous clinical studies.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of blood transfusion practices in preterm infants by analyzing past clinical research and identifying the current trends that have emerged as a result of recent trials.

Results:
Recent trials have demonstrated comparable trends in mortality rates and other primary outcomes, including retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and brain injury, following transfusion of blood products in both groups. Nevertheless, employing restrictive thresholds rather than adopting a liberal approach can reduce these outcomes.

Conclusion:
The current literature does not provide clear support for either technique as opposing and contradictory results are evident. However, there is a slight inclination toward the restrictive transfusion threshold due to recent trials, which warrants further in-depth investigation into this issue.
Point prevalence and clinical profile of patients with delirium admitted in internal medicine department at tertiary care centre in eastern Nepal: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Yogi Tek Nath , Puri Sujan , Shah Bhupendra , Nepal Suraj , Mishra Akshat 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Delirium, marked by acute disturbances in consciousness and cognition, remains underdiagnosed despite its significant impact on morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the point prevalence and clinical profile of delirium in patients at an eastern Nepal tertiary care centre.

Methods:
A 1-month descriptive cross-sectional study involved 152 Internal Medicine Department patients at BPKIHS, Dharan. Data, collected through face-to-face interviews and the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), analyzed demographic details, clinical history, and laboratory findings. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained.

Results:
Among 152 participants, 13.2% exhibited delirium, with notable risk factors identified. Elderly patients (≥65 years) and those with nasogastric tubes faced higher risks. Significant associations were found with cardiovascular diseases (P=0.002), central nervous system diseases (P=0.015), and alcoholism (P=0.003). Laboratory findings revealed correlations with elevated creatinine, hyperuremia, and abnormal aspartate aminotransferase levels. The study emphasizes key contributors to delirium, providing valuable insights for clinicians in identifying, preventing, and managing delirium in a hospital setting.

Conclusions:
This study provides critical insights into delirium prevalence and profiles in Eastern Nepal. Identified risk factors underscore the importance of routine screenings and targeted interventions for at-risk populations. Study limitations, including sample size and single-centre focus, call for further research to validate findings and enhance our understanding of delirium’s management across diverse healthcare settings. Overall, the study informs clinical practices and prompts broader exploration of delirium in healthcare contexts.
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Early Neurological Deterioration in Patients With Mild Stroke by Intravenous Alteplase Therapy
Authors: Mao Xin-Lei , He Si-Si , Lin Cai-Dan , Huang Xiang-Dong , Sun Jun 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Thrombolysis treatment for patients with mild stroke is controversial. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of early neurological deterioration (END) in this group of patients.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on ischemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in Wenzhou Central Hospital. Subgroup analyses were performed for the mild stroke group and nonmild stroke group, END group, and non–early neurological deterioration group in mild stroke patients, respectively.

Results:
A total of 498 patients were included in this study. Compared with the control group, the mild stroke group was younger age, less atrial fibrillation, previous history of stroke and less use of antithrombotic drugs, more dyslipidemia, smoking, and drinking. Small artery occlusion type was more common in mild stroke, cardioembolism and stroke of undetermined etiology type were less. In the mild stroke group, the symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) rate was 2.54%, and the END rate was 16.1%. Predictors of END included systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, cardioembolism subtype, sICH, and large vessel occlusion. In END patients, the sICH rate was 10.53%, and 84.21% of cases started to worsen within 12 hours after IVT. There was no statistically significant difference in the time to exacerbation among different subtypes.

Conclusions:
The occurrence of mild stroke in young patients was largely related to unhealthy lifestyles. The incidence of END in mild stroke IVT patients was low, with most occurring within 12 hours of IVT. There were many risk factors for END: large vessel occlusion and hyperglycemia were independent risk factors for END after IVT. sICH was an important but rare risk factor for END.
Dysregulation of the p53 pathway provides a therapeutic target in aggressive pediatric sarcomas with stem-like traits
Authors: Curylova Lucie , Staniczkova Zambo Iva , Neradil Jakub , Kyr Michal , Jurackova Nicola , Pavlova Sarka , Polaskova Kristyna , Mudry Peter , Sterba Jaroslav , Veselska Renata , Skoda Jan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTPediatric sarcomas are bone and soft tissue tumors that often exhibit high metastatic potential and refractory stem-like phenotypes, resulting in poor outcomes. Aggressive sarcomas frequently harbor a disrupted p53 pathway. However, whether sarcoma stemness is associated with abrogated p53 function and might be attenuated via p53 reactivation remains unclear. Here, we show that highly tumorigenic stem-like sarcoma cells exhibit dysregulated p53, making them vulnerable to drugs that restore wild-type p53 activity. Immunohistochemistry of mouse xenografts and human tumor tissues revealed that p53 dysregulations together with enhanced expression of the stemness-related transcription factors SOX2 or KLF4 are crucial features in pediatric osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma development. p53 dysregulation appears to be an important step for sarcoma cells to acquire a fully stem-like phenotype, and p53-positive pediatric sarcomas exhibit a high frequency of early metastasis. Importantly, p53 signaling reactivation via MDM2/MDMX inhibition selectively induces apoptosis in aggressive stem-like Ewing’s sarcoma cells while sparing healthy fibroblasts. Collectively, our results suggest that restoration of canonical p53 activity provides a promising strategy for improving the treatment of pediatric sarcomas with unfavorable stem-like traits.HIGHLIGHTSSOX2 and KLF4 are crucial factors in pediatric sarcoma tumorigenesisDysregulated p53 pathway predisposes sarcoma cells to acquire stem-like featuresp53 positivity is associated with early metastasis in pediatric sarcoma patientsRestoring wild-type p53 signaling selectively kills stem-like Ewing’s sarcoma cells
Inhibition of Multiple Staphylococcal Growth States by a Small Molecule that Disrupts Membrane Fluidity and Voltage
Authors: Dombach Jamie L. , Christensen Grace L. , Allgood Samual C. , Quintana Joaquin LJ , Detweiler Corrella S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNew molecular approaches to disrupting bacterial infections are needed. The bacterial cell membrane is an essential structure with diverse potential lipid and protein targets for antimicrobials. While rapid lysis of the bacterial cell membrane kills bacteria, lytic compounds are generally toxic to whole animals. In contrast, compounds that subtly damage the bacterial cell membrane could disable a microbe, facilitating pathogen clearance by the immune system with limited compound toxicity. A previously described small molecule, D66, terminatesSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium (S.Typhimurium) infection of macrophages and reduces tissue colonization in mice. The compound dissipates bacterial inner membrane voltage without rapid cell lysis under broth conditions that permeabilize the outer membrane or disable efflux pumps. In standard media, the cell envelope protects Gram-negative bacteria from D66. We evaluated the activity of D66 in Gram-positive bacteria because their distinct envelope structure, specifically the absence of an outer membrane, could facilitate mechanism of action studies. We observed that D66 inhibited Gram-positive bacterial cell growth, rapidly increasedStaphylococcus aureusmembrane fluidity, and disrupted membrane voltage while barrier function remained intact. The compound also prevented planktonic staphylococcus from forming biofilms and disturbed three-dimensional structure in one-day-old biofilms. D66 furthermore reduced the survival of staphylococcal persister cells and of intracellularS. aureus. These data indicate that staphylococcal cells in multiple growth states germane to infection are susceptible to changes in lipid packing and membrane conductivity. Thus, agents that subtly damage bacterial cell membranes could have utility in preventing or treating disease.ImportanceAn underutilized potential antibacterial target is the cell membrane, which supports or associates with approximately half of bacterial proteins and has a phospholipid makeup distinct from mammalian cell membranes. Previously, an experimental small molecule, D66, was shown to subtly damage Gram-negative bacterial cell membranes and to disrupt infection of mammalian cells. Here we show that D66 increases the fluidity of Gram-positive bacterial cell membranes, dissipates membrane voltage, and inhibits the human pathogenStaphylococcus aureusin several infection-relevant growth states. Thus, compounds that cause membrane damage without lysing cells could be useful for mitigating infections caused byS. aureus.
Integrated cancer cell-specific single-cell RNA-seq datasets of immune checkpoint blockade-treated patients
Authors: Gondal Mahnoor N. , Cieslik Marcin , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for the treatment of various cancers. Despite their success, the efficacy of these treatments is variable across patients and cancer types. Numerous single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies have been conducted to unravel cell-specific responses to ICB treatment. However, these studies are limited in their sample sizes and require advanced coding skills for exploration. Here, we have compiled eight scRNA-seq datasets from nine cancer types, encompassing 174 patients, and 90,270 cancer cells. This compilation forms a unique resource tailored for investigating how cancer cells respond to ICB treatment across cancer types. We meticulously curated, quality-checked, pre-processed, and analyzed the data, ensuring easy access for researchers. Moreover, we designed a user-friendly interface for seamless exploration. By sharing the code and data for creating these interfaces, we aim to assist fellow researchers. These resources offer valuable support to those interested in leveraging and exploring single-cell datasets across diverse cancer types, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of ICB responses.
Testing for reciprocal trait influence in plant-frugivore interactions using generalized joint attribute modeling
Authors: Yohe Laurel R. , Miller Leith B. , Kaliszewska Zofia A. , Whitehead Susan R. , Santana Sharlene E. , Dávalos Liliana M. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTUnder an adaptive hypothesis, the reciprocal influence between mutualistic plants and frugivores is expected to result in dispersal syndromes comprising both frugivore and plant traits that structure fruit consumption. Tests of this adaptive hypothesis, however, focus on traits of either fruits or frugivores but not both and often ignore within-species variation. To overcome these limitations, we analyze traits for the mutualistic ecological network comprisingCarolliabats that feed on and dispersePiperseeds. For these analyses, we use generalized joint attribute modeling (GJAM), a Bayesian modeling approach that simultaneously accounts for multiple sources of variance across trait types. In support of the adaptive hypothesis and indicating niche partitioning amongCarolliabats, we find differential consumption of a suite ofPiperspecies influenced by bat traits such as body size; however,Pipermorphological traits had no effect on bat consumption. Slow evolutionary rates, dispersal by other vertebrates, and unexamined fruit traits, such asPiperchemical bouquets, may explain the lack of association between batPiperconsumption and fruit morphological traits. We have identified a potential asymmetric influence of frugivore traits on plant-frugivore interactions, providing a template for future trait analyses of plant-animal networks.
Collective movement of schooling fish reduces locomotor cost in turbulence
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Ko Hungtang , Calicchia Michael , Ni Rui , Lauder George V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ecological and evolutionary benefits of collective behaviours are rooted in the physical principles and physiological mechanisms underpinning animal locomotion. We propose a turbulence sheltering hypothesis that collective movements of fish schools in turbulent flow can reduce the total energetic cost of locomotion by shielding individuals from the perturbation of chaotic turbulent eddies. We test this hypothesis by quantifying energetics and kinematics in schools of giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) compared to solitary individuals swimming under control and turbulent conditions over a wide speed range. We discovered that, when swimming at high speeds and high turbulence levels, fish schools reduced their total energy expenditure (TEE, both aerobic and anaerobic energy) by 63–79% compared to solitary fish. Solitary individuals spend ∼25% more kinematic effort (tail beat amplitude*frequency) to swim in turbulence at higher speeds than in control conditions. However, fish schools swimming in turbulence reduced their three-dimensional group volume by 41–68% (at higher speeds) and did not alter their kinematic effort compared to control conditions. This substantial energy saving highlighted a ∼261% higher TEE when fish swimming alone in turbulence are compared to swimming in a school. Schooling behaviour could mitigate turbulent disturbances by sheltering fish within schools from the eddies of sufficient kinetic energy that can disrupt the locomotor gaits. Providing a more desirable internal hydrodynamic environment could be one of the ecological drivers underlying collective behaviours in a dense fluid environment.One-Sentence SummaryThe collective movement of fish schools substantially reduces the energetic cost of locomotion in turbulence compared to that of swimming alone.
Parasite contingency loci and the evolution of host specificity: Simple sequence repeats mediateBartonellaadaptation to a wild rodent host
Authors: Rodríguez-Pastor Ruth , Knossow Nadav , Shahar Naama , Hasik Adam Z. , Deatherage Daniel E. , Gutiérrez Ricardo , Harrus Shimon , Zaman Luis , Lenski Richard E. , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Hawlena Hadas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParasites can adapt to better exploit their hosts on many scales, ranging from within an infection of a single individual to series of infections spanning multiple host species. However, little is known about how the genomes of parasites in natural communities evolve when they face diverse hosts. We investigated howBartonellabacteria that circulate in rodent communities in the dunes of the Negev Desert in Israel adapt to different species of rodent hosts. We propagated 15Bartonellapopulations through infections of either a single host species (Gerbillus andersoniorGerbillus pyramidum) or alternating between the two. After 20 rodent passages, strains withde novomutations replaced the ancestor in most populations. Mutations in two mononucleotide simple sequence repeats (SSRs) that caused frameshifts in the same adhesin gene dominated the evolutionary dynamics. They appeared exclusively in populations that encounteredG. andersoniand altered the dynamics of infections of this host. Similar SSRs in other genes are conserved and exhibit ON/OFF variation inBartonellaisolates from the Negev Desert dunes. Our results suggest that SSR-based contingency loci could be important not only for rapidly and reversibly generating antigenic variation to escape immune responses but that they may also mediate the evolution of host specificity.
M2WISH: an easy and efficient protocol for whole-mount mRNAin situhybridization that allows 3D cell resolution of gene expression inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chelysheva Liudmila , Morin Halima , Biot Eric , Nicolas Antoine , Rech Philippe , da Costa Marco , Barel Lisa , Laufs Patrick , Palauqui Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGene expression analysis is essential for understanding the mechanisms involved in plant development. Here, we developed M2WISH, a protocol based onMicroWave treatment forWholemount mRNA InSituHybridization in Arabidopsis. By permeabilizing tissues without damaging cellular organisation this protocol results in high and homogeneous hybridization yields that enables systematic analysis of gene expression dynamics. Moreover, when combined with cellular histochemical staining, M2WISH provides a cellular resolution of gene expression on roots, aerial meristems, leaves and embryos in the seed. We applied M2WISH to study the spatial dynamics ofWUSCHEL(WUS) andCLAVATA3(CLV3) expression duringin vitromeristematic conversion of roots into shoot apical meristems. Thus, we showed that shoot apical meristems could arise from two different types of root structures that differed by theirCLV3gene expression patterns. We constructed 3D cellular representations ofWUSandCLV3gene co-expression pattern, and stressed the variability inherent to meristem conversion. Thus, this protocol generates a large amount of data on the localization of gene expression, which can be used to model complex systems.
Geographic variation in resistance of the invasiveDrosophila suzukiito parasitism by the biological control agent,Ganaspis brasiliensis
Authors: Istas Oscar , Szűcs Marianna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHost-parasitoid interactions are often tied in coevolutionary arms races where parasitoids continuously have to evolve increased virulence as hosts evolve increased resistance. Invasion theories predict that when a host is introduced to a novel region without its coevolved natural enemies, they will evolve lower defenses. Resistance may also differ geographically and temporally due to abiotic and biotic factors. We investigated spatial, temporal and host plant related differences in resistance of the invasiveD. suzukiiin seven geographically distinct populations in Michigan and of one population from Oregon against a coevolved parasitoid,Ganaspis brasiliensis.Encapsulation rates (resistance) ofG. brasiliensiseggs byD. suzukiireached 39% in August and 48% in September regionally. These relatively high levels of resistance in North America contrast with expectations and may be due to the low levels of competitionD. suzukiiexperiences in the invaded range. Encapsulation rates ofD. suzukiidiffered regionally and temporally but not between fruit types. The northernmost site with the lowest encapsulation rate had the highest rate of parasitism suggesting that parasitoids may be able to detect the defensive capacities of their hosts and adjust attack rates accordingly. The lowest encapsulation rates at the northernmost and thus overall coldest site indicate a negative effect of temperature on resistance. However, temporal differences in resistance from August to September were not consistent among sites. These results indicate that there can be regional and temporal variation in the outcome of host-parasitoid interactions betweenD. suzukiiandG. brasiliensis. This may influence the efficacy and biocontrol potential ofG. brasiliensisthat has been recently approved for field releases againstD. suzukiiin North America.