bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associação entre capacidade funcional e fragilidade em pessoas idosas residentes no interior paulista
Authors: Marcia Thaís de Souza  , Higor Matheus de Oliveira Bueno  , Ana Olívia Veneroso de Almeida  , Felipe Bueno da Silva  , Lígia Lopes Devoglio  , Tatiane Montalatto Marques  , Aline Cristina Martins Gratão  , Aline Maino Pergola-Marconato  
Published: December 2023

Este estudo pretendeu analisar a capacidade funcional e a fragilidade de pessoas idosas residentes em Araras/SP/Brasil. Método: Estudo multicêntrico, analítico e quantitativo que utilizou a Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton (EFE) e de Lawton e Brody. A coleta de dados foi iniciada em 2021, presencialmente e individualmente por meio do Google Formulários, e segue em andamento. Participaram pessoas idosas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, residentes do município de Araras/São Paulo e que possuíam capacidade cognitiva para responder às escalas. Realizado o teste Qui-Quadrado para verificar associação (α=5%; p-valor<0,05). Este estudo foi aprovado sob parecer Nº 4.393.230. A amostra foi composta por 112 participantes, com idade média de 70,2 anos, 63,4% relataram morar com companheiro(a), 72,3% possuía algum tipo de doença crônica não transmissível, a maioria (58,9%) foi considerada como frágil e 47,3% como dependente, e foi verificada associação entre fragilidade e dependência funcional (p<000,1). Entre aqueles classificados como frágeis, 60,6% apresentaram algum grau de dependência. Em contrapartida, daqueles não frágeis, 71,7% foram classificados como independentes e 28,3% como dependentes. A população em questão apresenta demandas significativas de fragilidade e dependência, demonstrando a relevância de implementar estratégias efetivas de atenção à saúde e promoção para o envelhecimento saudável.
Efetividade de um Programa de Exercício para Prevenir o Risco de Quedas Em Utentes da Unidade de Convalescença do Hospital Arcebispo João Crisóstomo
Authors: Carla Alice dos Santos Guapo  , Carina Alexandra Fonseca de Freitas  , Inês Catarina André Gaspar  , Teresa Margarida Rosendo Vaio  
Published: December 2023

As quedas estão na origem de uma significativa morbilidade ou mortalidade, sendo uma das principais causas de internamento hospitalar. Neste contexto, a ocorrência de quedas representa um sério problema, exigindo a implementação de estratégias preventivas, que devem enfatizar a educação, o treino, a criação de ambientes mais seguros e o estabelecimento de políticas eficazes para reduzir os riscos.
A equipa de Fisioterapeutas do Hospital Arcebispo João Crisóstomo implementou um projeto piloto com o objetivo de prevenir a ocorrência de quedas em contexto hospitalar melhorando o equilíbrio e funcionalidade dos seus utentes.
A população alvo são utentes idosos internados na Unidade de Convalescença do HAJC, com capacidade de marcha, com défice de equilíbrio e/ou mobilidade. O programa implementado consiste na realização de sessões de educação para a prevenção de queda, e de exercício para potenciar a força, resistência e flexibilidade musculares, equilíbrio e capacidade aeróbia. É realizada uma avaliação inicial e uma reavaliação após 4 semanas, com a aplicação das escalas Teste de levantar e ir, One Leg and Tandem Stance, Teste de Marcha 10 Metros, Teste de Sentar-Levantar 30 segundos, Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e Escala de Eficácia nas Quedas - Internacional.
Os resultados esperados denotam ganhos consideráveis na sua capacidade de equilíbrio, capacidade aeróbia e na redução do medo de cair.
O projeto deverá continuar a ser implementado, de forma a reforçar os resultados obtidos, para futura generalização dos ganhos na aplicação deste tipo de programas.
THE USE, QUALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PELVIC EXAMINATION IN PRIMARY CARE FOR THE DETECTION OF GYNAECOLOGICAL CANCER
Authors: Hilman Feisal , Subhakti M Alvian , Prabowo Rafik 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Pelvic examinations are vital for timely detection of gynecological cancers in primary care, yet discomfort can deter some women from seeking them. General practitioners face challenges in managing intimacy during exams, impacting their skills and confidence. Understanding these complexities using behavior change models like COM-B can aid in developing interventions to enhance pelvic examination uptake and address barriers in primary care settings for early cancer detection. A systematic review aims to consolidate qualitative studies on GPs' perceptions and experiences regarding pelvic exams, focusing on their role, barriers, and factors influencing GP behavior.
Methods: The researchers in this study followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure that their work met the required standards. This was done to ensure the precision and reliability of the conclusions derived from the research.
Result: The search produced 18 results. After looking at the titles and summaries, we found 10 papers that fit our criteria. At first, we excluded several articles because they were written in review style. But after reading the full papers carefully, we included five papers in our final analysis. These papers included a cross sectional study, randomized control trial, and several guidelines.
Conclusion: Understanding and predicting healthcare provider behavior in gynecological examinations is complex. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided some insights into intentions but didn't fully explain actual behaviors, which were influenced by external factors like workload. Recommendations suggest tailored approaches for high-risk groups and aligning pelvic exams with cervical screening intervals. However, concerns arise from potential overuse of exams and the impact of fee-for-service payments. More comprehensive research is needed to guide noncervical malignancy screenings and comprehend the various factors influencing healthcare provider behavior in these clinical practices.
« Ce nord désorienté » : lecture géopoétique d'Abdelaziz Kacem
Authors: Tbini Jihane 
Published: December 2023

Cette lecture géopoétique de la poésie de Abdelaziz Kacem, poète tunisien bilingue s’appuie sur trois recueils, à savoir Le Frontal (1983), L’Hiver des Brûlures (1994) et Zajals (2014) et analyse la manière dont l’érudit tunisien dépasse les modèles topographiques classiques, incarnés entre autres par la cartographie, et s’emploie constamment à brouiller les coordonnées spatiales, en vue d’une neutralisation des polarités. Ce faisant, sa poésie a tôt fait d’instituer une nouvelle spatialité, hybride et mouvante.
Influence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids on the colour and antioxidant activity of Melipona beecheii honey from deciduous forest of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Miranda Ina Ramírez , Ancona David Betancur , Ordóñez Yolanda Moguel 
Published: December 2023

The Melipona beecheii honey has bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity that influence its colour. This research evaluated the influence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids on the colour and antioxidant activity of M. beecheii honeys. Forty-three honey samples from different site located in the low deciduous forest of Yucatan, Mexico, were extracted during the harvest and post-harvest seasons (2020 – 2021). The Pfund method was used to measure colour, Folin-Ciocalteu method for phenols measurement, aluminum chloride method for flavonoids determination, and ABTS and DPPH IC50 assay to determine antioxidants. The predominant colour of the honey was extra light amber and light amber at both seasons. Phenols ranged from 780 to 1317 mg/kg GAE; flavonoids from 36 to 55 mg/kg CE and antioxidant were 675 to 1161 µmol/kg TEAC by the ABTS and 361.8 to 173.0 mg/mL by the DPPH IC50. Phenols and flavonoids were correlated with colour and radical scavenging activity, indicating the influence of these compounds with the darker colour and higher antioxidant activity of honey. The statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between seasons could be associated with the botanical origin with great diversity of melliferous flora present in the low deciduous forest of the Yucatan Peninsula.

Keywords: Antioxidant; colour; flavonoids; honey; Melipona beecheii.
Suicide Risk Among US Veterans With Military Service During the Vietnam War
Authors: Bullman Tim A. , Akhtar Fatema Z. , Morley Sybil W. , Weitlauf Julie C. , Cypel Yasmin S. , Culpepper William J. , Schneiderman Aaron I. , Britton Peter C. , Davey Victoria J. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceThere are persistent questions about suicide deaths among US veterans who served in the Vietnam War. It has been believed that Vietnam War veterans may be at an increased risk for suicide.ObjectiveTo determine whether military service in the Vietnam War was associated with an increased risk of suicide, and to enumerate the number of suicides and analyze patterns in suicides among Vietnam War theater veterans compared with the US population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study compiled a roster of all Vietnam War–era veterans and Vietnam War theater veterans who served between February 28, 1961, and May 7, 1975. The 2 cohorts included theater veterans, defined as those who were deployed to the Vietnam War, and nontheater veterans, defined as those who served during the Vietnam War era but were not deployed to the Vietnam War. Mortality in these 2 cohorts was monitored from 1979 (beginning of follow-up) through 2019 (end of follow-up). Data analysis was performed between January 2022 and July 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was death by suicide occurring between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 2019. Suicide mortality was ascertained from the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) that reflected adjusted associations between suicide risk and theater status were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated to compare the number of suicides among theater and nontheater veterans with the expected number of suicides among the US population.ResultsThis study identified 2 465 343 theater veterans (2 450 025 males [99.4%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.8 [6.7] years) and 7 122 976 nontheater veterans (6 874 606 males [96.5%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.3 [8.2] years). There were 22 736 suicides (24.1%) among theater veterans and 71 761 (75.9%) among nontheater veterans. After adjustments for covariates, Vietnam War deployment was not associated with an increased risk of suicide (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.96). There was no increased risk of suicide among either theater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99) or nontheater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98) veterans compared with the US population.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found no association between Vietnam War–era military service and increased risk of suicide between 1979 and 2019. Nonetheless, the 94 497 suicides among all Vietnam War–era veterans during this period are noteworthy and merit the ongoing attention of health policymakers and mental health professionals.
The Potential of Genetics in Identifying Women at Lower Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bolze Alexandre , Cirulli Elizabeth T. , Hajek Catherine , Schnell Blitstein Jamie M. , Grzymski Joseph J. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceGenetic information is not being used to identify women at lower risk of breast cancer or other diseases in clinical practice. With the new US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines lowering the age for mammogram screening for all, there is a potential benefit in identifying women at lower risk of disease who may defer the start of mammographic screening. This genetic risk-based approach would help mitigate overscreening, associated costs, and anxiety.ObjectiveTo assess breast cancer incidence and age of onset among women at low genetic risk compared with women at average risk and evaluate the potential to delay mammography on the basis of genetic risk stratification.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective case-control study included 25 591 women from the Healthy Nevada Project sequenced by Helix between 2018 and 2022. Data extracted from electronic health records at the end of 2022 (mean length of electronic health record available was 12 years) were used for the analysis in 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBreast cancer diagnosis was identified from electronic health records. Classification to the low-risk genetic group required (1) the absence of pathogenic variants or a variant of uncertain significance in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, or CHEK2, and (2) a low polygenic risk score (bottom 10%) using a 313–single-nucleotide variant model.ResultsOf 25 591 women in the study (mean [SD] age was 53.8 [16.9] years), 2338 women (9.1%) were classified as having low risk for breast cancer; 410 women (1.6%) were classified as high risk; and 22 843 women (89.3%) as average risk. There was a significant reduction in breast cancer diagnosis among the low-risk group (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.29-0.52; P &amp;lt; .001). By 45 years of age, 0.69% of women in the average-risk group were diagnosed with breast cancer, whereas women in the low-risk group reached this rate at 51 years. By 50 years of age, 1.41% of those in the average-risk group were diagnosed with breast cancer, whereas those in the low-risk group reached this rate at age 58 years. These findings suggest that deferring mammogram screening by 5 to 10 years for women at low risk of breast cancer aligns with new draft recommendations.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this retrospective case-control study underscore the value of genetics in individualizing the onset of breast cancer screening. Improving breast cancer risk stratification by implementing both high-risk and low-risk strategies in screening can refine preventive measures and optimize health care resource allocation.
Prognostic Value of Anteroposterior Extension in Oral Tongue and Floor Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Contro Giacomo , Sordi Alessandra , Taboni Stefano , Citterio Marco , Ruaro Alessandra , De Lucia Giulia , Pinacoli Aurora , Carobbio Andrea Luigi Camillo , Montalto Nausica , Ramacciotti Giulia , Grammatica Alberto , Marioni Gino , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Maroldi Roberto , Piazza Cesare , Mattavelli Davide , Nicolai Piero , Ferrari Marco 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceThe tongue and oral floor represent the most involved subsite by oral cancer, and there are no reported systems to classify anteroposterior tumor extension with prognostic effect. In other cancers, the anterior vs posterior tumor extension is a relevant prognostic factor.ObjectiveTo establish whether anterior vs posterior tumor extension may represent a prognostic factor in oral tongue and floor squamous cell carcinoma (OTFSCC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent surgery for OTFSCC from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021, at 2 tertiary-level academic institutions in Italy (University of Padua and University of Brescia). Patients eligible for the study had histologically proven primary OTFSCC; underwent surgery-based, curative treatment; and had available preoperative contrast-enhanced imaging.ExposuresFour anatomical lines were designed to assess tumor extension: (1) chin-palate line (CPL), (2) chin-basion line, (3) Stensen duct line, and (4) lingual septum line. Preoperative imaging was re-evaluated, and tumor extension was classified as either anterior or posterior according to the lines.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall survival and time to recurrence (TTR) were evaluated according to tumor extension. These outcomes were reported as 5-year survival rates with 95% CIs.ResultsOf the 133 patients included, 79 (59.4%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 62.7 (15.4) years. The 5-year TTR difference was higher for posterior vs anterior OTFSCC classified according to CPL (21.0%; 95% CI, 8.3%-33.7%), Stensen duct line (15.5%; 95% CI, 1.0%-30.0%), and lingual septum line (17.2%; 95% CI, 2.2%-32.3%). Overall survival analysis showed similar results. At the multivariable analysis on TTR, N status (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.1) and anteroposterior classification according to CPL (adjusted HR, 7.1; 95% CI, 0.9-54.6) were the variables associated with the highest adjusted HRs.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, OTFSCC with a posterior extension to the CPL was associated with a higher risk of recurrence and death. This analysis suggests that the poor prognosis conveyed by the posterior tumor extension is independent of other relevant prognosticators except for the burden of nodal disease. This estimate is not precise and does not allow for definitive clinically important conclusions; therefore, further prospective studies are necessary to confirm these data.
Action Research: Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Cabaroglu Nese 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In its broadest sense, action research is a methodical attempt used by a wide range of professionals and disciplines in a wide range of educational and social environments. Action research can be employed to uncover problems and their solutions, improve practices, understand the effects of an intervention, bring positive changes, or produce results that benefit one or more individuals in a given context through joint work of all parties involved. Action research has several unique characteristics that set it apart from other forms of research. It is a research process undertaken by, with, and for people who will be collectively influenced by its outcomes, thus, making it a democratic and empowering process. Action researchers typically employ a recursive set of reflective and analytical procedures that involve planning, action, evidence gathering, and data analysis. There are diverse models and practices done collectively or singly, as in self‐studies. While qualitative research designs have traditionally been utilized by action researchers, there is a growing trend toward mixed methods design. Based on their research questions, mixed method action researchers collect and evaluate both qualitative and quantitative data, which are then mixed or merged concurrently or sequentially in a single study or in multiple phases of a study. Although the use of mixed methods design in action research may bring a number of major advantages, some critical considerations should be taken into account while developing, performing, and synthesizing mixed methods action research outcomes.
Teacher Cognition and Language Teaching
Authors: Borg Simon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This entry provides a broad introduction to language teacher cognition, which is a field of study concerned with understanding all facets of the nonobservable dimension of teaching, such as teachers' beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, feelings, and decision‐making. This domain of research is also concerned with the origins and development of teacher cognition and about its relationship with how teachers develop and what they do in the classroom. After emerging in the mainstream educational literature in the 1980s, teacher cognition gained profile in language teaching in the mid‐1990s and since then has become an established area of study. It is now accepted that language teachers' cognitions have clear implications not only for their development but also for their classroom practices and for initiatives, such as curriculum reform efforts, that seek to bring about changes in educational practice. A significant volume of language teacher cognition research now exists and key broad conclusions from this work are summarized here. The practical implications of this research for language teacher education, development, and change more generally are also outlined. The entry also argues that continuing work is needed to ensure that such implications are more fully understood and acted on by teacher educators and curriculum reformers worldwide.
Action Research and Language Teaching
Authors: Burns Anne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Over the past three decades, action research (AR), which is part of a more general movement toward “teacher research,” has found a growing presence in language teaching accredited courses and in‐service professional development. AR is a flexible and dynamic approach to research, which usually has considerable appeal for educators, because of its localized and contextualized applications. In this brief overview, the main theoretical and developmental backgrounds and processes of AR are explained, and the humanistic roots of AR's development delineated. Some recent empirical findings that show the impact of AR in language teaching and how conducting AR can benefit language teachers and further their professional development are summarized. Some of the barriers and challenges to teachers conducting AR are discussed, and the kinds of conditions and strategies that might mitigate against these challenges are suggested. The discussion is ended by projecting the directions that might be taken for AR development in language teaching in the future.
A Self‐Adaptive Pyroptosis Inducer: Optimizing the Catalytic Microenvironment of Nanozymes by Membrane‐Adhered Microbe Enables Potent Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Zhang Lu , Zhang Yanjie , Liu Xuemeng , Song Anjun , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPyroptosis has garnered increasing attention in cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, increasing plasma membrane damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered an effective strategy for promoting pyroptosis. However, the current tactics for enhancing membrane rupture in pyroptosis are limited by the inherent drawbacks of ROS and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, a self‐adaptive pyroptosis inducer (LPZ) is designed by integrating Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and an enzyme‐like metal‐organic framework to achieve potent pyroptosis immunotherapy. LPZ can adhere to cancer cell membranes through the interaction between the pili of LGG and the mucin of cancer cells. In particular, the adaptive formula can gradually enhance the ability of nanozymes to produce ROS by creating an acidic microenvironment through anaerobic respiration. These results verify that LPZ could generate high levels of ROS both on the membrane and within cancer cells, leading to pyroptotic cell death and strong antitumor immunity. Meanwhile, LGG are eventually killed by ROS in this process to halt their respiration and prevent potential biosafety concerns. Overall, this work provides new inspiration for the design of self‐adaptive nanocatalytic drugs for cancer immunotherapy.
Band Edge Excitons and Amplified Spontaneous Emission of Mercury Chalcogenide Nanoplatelets
Authors: Diroll Benjamin T. , Dabard Corentin , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Ithurria Sandrine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractColloidal nanoplatelets of HgSe and HgTe prepared indirectly through cation exchange reactions can transfer many of the advantageous properties of atomically precise, 2D cadmium chalcogenides to the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral window. In this work, HgSe and HgTe nanoplatelets are studied to understand their fundamental photophysical properties, particularly those areas of similarity and difference from cadmium‐based NPLs, and to examine their potential as optical gain media. Similar to cadmium chalcogenide NPLs, low‐temperature photoluminescence of HgTe NPLs displays two‐color emission that depends on temperature, sample, fluence, excitation frequency, and irradiation time. Both HgTe and HgSe show nanosecond emission dynamics at temperatures as low as 2.5 K, with no indication that bright‐dark excitonic splitting governs the low‐temperature photoluminescence. Collectively, experimental data is most consistent with emission from a negative trion state at low temperature. Although the mercury chalcogenide nanoplatelets are shown to have broadened optical resonances compared to the cadmium chalcogenides from which they are derived, they retain slow Auger recombination and can display low‐threshold amplified spontaneous emission in the NIR spectral window. Optical pumping thresholds for HgTe NPLs are observed as low as 4.4 µJ cm−2 and highlight the potential 2D nanoplatelets as gain medium in the near‐infrared.