bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical application of the Crohn's disease exclusion diet as therapy in an adult Australian population
Authors: Russell Erin E , Day Alice Sarah , Dimitroff Claire , Trakman Gina L , Silva Hannah , Bryant Robert V , Purcell Liz , Yao Chu K , Landorf Emma , Fitzpatrick Jessica A 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is demand from patients and clinicians to use the Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) with or without partial enteral nutrition (PEN). However, the therapeutic efficacy and nutritional adequacy of this therapy are rudimentary in an adult population. This review examines the evidence for the CDED in adults with active luminal Crohn's disease and aims to provide practical guidance on the use of the CDED in Australian adults. A working group of nine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) dietitians of DECCAN (Dietitians Crohn's and Colitis Australian Network) and an IBD gastroenterologist was established. A literature review was undertaken to examine (1) clinical indications, (2) monitoring, (3) dietary adequacy, (4) guidance for remission phase, and (5) diet reintroduction after therapy. Each diet phase was compared with Australian reference ranges for food groups and micronutrients. CDED with PEN is nutritionally adequate for adults containing sufficient energy and protein and meeting > 80% of the recommended daily intake of key micronutrients. An optimal care pathway for the clinical use of the CDED in an adult population was developed with accompanying consensus statements, clinician toolkit, and patient education brochure. Recommendations for weaning from the CDED to the Australian dietary guidelines were developed. The CDED + PEN provides an alternate partial food‐based therapy for remission induction of active luminal Crohn's disease in an adult population. The CDED + PEN should be prioritized over CDED alone and prescribed by a specialist IBD dietitian. DECCAN cautions against using the maintenance diet beyond 12 weeks until further evidence becomes available.
Loss of subcutaneous fat in 20 patients, both sexes, using a second‐generation TECAR device of 1.240 Watts and results analyzed with magnetic resonance
Authors: Rodríguez Lastra Jesús , Cardona Yazmin García 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBody contouring and abdominal fat loss without surgery are increasingly used technique. In a study in pigs, it is noted that both capacitive and resistive radiofrequency stimulation reduced subcutaneous fat. One human study demonstrated a loss of 2.90 cm in waist diameter. Second‐generation TECAR (Acronym for Transfer Electric Capacitive and Resistive) device with 4 channels, 200 cm2 work area per channel, and high power (1240 W), regulates body energy input by measuring absorption in the body and adjusting the power for 80 min at 50°C.AimsTo evaluate the loss of subcutaneous fat, this magnitude was measured in grams and centimeters throughout the abdomen by MRI before and after each treatment.Subject and MethodsWe have studied 25 patients, 13 women and 12 men with a mean age of 49 years. All patients had their waist diameter measured and an MRI performed before and after 10 continuous sessions except Saturday and Sunday, over 2 weeks. Additionally, a lipid profile was performed on the same day of the study and at the end of it. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.ResultsWaist diameter decreased by 5.5 cm, these differences being statistically significant (p = 0.000). Subcutaneous fat measured by MRI in cm decreased by 784 cm (p = 0.000). In grams, it decreased 808.7 g (p = 0.000). In the lipid profile, all the values decreased, but they were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe use of this second generation of TECAR equipment at 1 MHz decreases the waist diameter by more than 5 cm and leads to the loss of more than 800 grams of subcutaneous fat in 12 days. It is a method without risks or side effects, well tolerated, and an alternative for those patients who do not want to go to the operating room.
Botulinium toxin applications in the lower face and neck: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kassir Martin , Babaei Mahsa , Hasanzadeh Saba , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Razzaghi Zahra , Robati Reza M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin has been widely and mainly used for the treatment of conditions affecting the upper and middle face; however, recent efforts have expanded the indications of botulinum toxin injection to the lower face and neck areas for cosmetic and medical purposes.AimsWe have reviewed the latest updates on using botulinum toxin in the lower face and neck focusing on cosmetic purposes and have discussed the existing concerns as well as the adverse sequelae of these newer indications.Patients/MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed using the following keywords [[botulinum] AND [[Toxin] OR [Neurotoxin]]] AND [[Lower AND Face] AND/OR [Neck]] within the main databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and gray literature on and before February 2023. The data were screened using titles and abstracts and those relevant to the topic were included in the paper.ResultsBotulinum toxin injection has considerable cosmetic and therapeutic effect on facial contouring, masseteric hypertrophy, lower face and neck scars, gummy smile, drooping lip corner and even skin rejuvenation.ConclusionBNT injection has been widely used for the treatment of different medical and cosmetic purposes. Low rates of side effects, which were self‐limited in most cases, have been reported in the literature, making BNT a safe therapeutic medication in most cases. However, regulatory status needs to be updated and more accurately revised in many countries and more comprehensive research is required to address the existing gaps in this area including the site, dosage, and method of injection in each case.
Selective and (mis)leading economics journals: Meta‐research evidence
Authors: Askarov Zohid , Doucouliagos Anthony , Doucouliagos Hristos , Stanley T. D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe assess statistical power and excess statistical significance among 31 leading economics general interest and field journals using 22,281 parameter estimates from 368 distinct areas of economics research. Median statistical power in leading economics journals is very low (only 7%), and excess statistical significance is quite high (19%). Power this low and excess significance this high raise serious doubts about the credibility of economics research. We find that 26% of all reported results have undergone some process of selection for statistical significance and 56% of statistically significant results were selected to be statistically significant. Selection bias is greater at the top five journals, where 66% of statistically significant results were selected to be statistically significant. A large majority of empirical evidence reported in leading economics journals is potentially misleading. Results reported to be statistically significant are about as likely to be misleading as not (falsely positive) and statistically nonsignificant results are much more likely to be misleading (falsely negative). We also compare observational to experimental research and find that the quality of experimental economic evidence is notably higher.
Justice for me and for all: Longitudinal analysis of justice perceptions across demographic indicators
Authors: Thomas Kendra J. , Rodrigues Herbert , Komatsu André V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost research on justice perceptions stems from high‐income contexts, even though most youth grow up in contexts of inequality and injustice. This study examines the development of justice perceptions in 659 Brazilian adolescents (51.3% male; 45.2% White) in São Paulo across 3 years, ages 12, 13, and 14. Perceptions of justice of the world declined with age and perceived justice in one's personal life differed across ethnic, economic, and educational groups. Privileged groups differentiated more between their evaluations of the world and their personal lives. K‐means clustering revealed five trajectories of justice beliefs, which significantly differed across school type, race/ethnicity, and income levels. Evidence suggests that personal belief in a just world reflects known social group inequalities.
Finitude, Necessity, and Healing from Despair in Kierkegaard's The Lily and the Bird
Authors: Strelis Söderquist Anna Louise 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThis study underscores The Lily and the Bird's response to despair in The Sickness unto Death. By suggesting in The Lily and the Bird that we look to nature's creatures to learn an attunement and responsiveness to our situation as physical creatures subject to finite constraints, Kierkegaard's text comes into dialogue with a form of misalignment portrayed in The Sickness unto Death as a refusal of the given, “the finite,” and “the necessary.” One way of seeking alignment in The Lily and the Bird entails learning to hear and to answer within one's given environment, opening up the possibility of embodied joy.
Speciation and conservation genetic assessment of two endangered cycad species
Authors: Feng Xiu‐Yan , Gong Yi‐Qing , Nguyen Khang Sinh , Nguyen Hiep Tien , Liu Yong‐Bo , Liu Jian , Gong Xun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the driving forces of speciation is a central question in evolutionary biology. Cycas bifida (Dyer) K. D. Hill and Cycas micholitzii Dyer are two morphologically similar Cycas (Cycadaceae) species with deeply pectinate megasporophylls and dichotomously divided leaflets. Geographically, they are isolated by the Red River Fault Zone (RRFZ), which acts as a biogeographical barrier for many Cycas species. In this study, we investigated the divergence, genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of C. bifida and C. micholitzii to uncover the speciation mechanisms for the two endangered species. Results revealed high historical gene flow but low contemporary gene flow between the two species, with a deep divergence occurring in the Late Miocene. The long‐term geographical isolation and ecological niche differentiation were identified as important factors in driving the divergence of the two species, supported by significant isolation by distance testing, barrier analysis, and niche consistency detection. Geographical isolation by the RRFZ played a pivotal role in facilitating their divergence by constraining gene flow. Conservation genetic analyses indicated high genetic diversity within both species, coupled with disparate responses to Pleistocene climate fluctuations: C. micholitzii experienced population expansion, while C. bifida displayed a mild bottleneck effect. To ensure the protection and long‐term sustainability of two threatened species, relevant conservation guidelines were proposed based on the assessment of their genetic diversity and structure. This study furnishes valuable insights into the mechanisms underpinning species divergence and delivers actionable recommendations for cycad conservation.
Long‐term influence of sleep/wake history on the dynamic neurobehavioural response to sustained sleep restriction
Authors: Banks Siobhan , Jones Christopher W. , McCauley Mark E. , Dorrian Jillian , Basner Mathias , Maislin Greg , Van Dongen Hans P. A. , Dinges David F. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryChronic sleep restriction, common in today's 24/7 society, causes cumulative neurobehavioural impairment, but the dynamics of the build‐up and dissipation of this impairment have not been fully elucidated. We addressed this knowledge gap in a laboratory study involving two, 5‐day periods of sleep restriction to 4 hr per day, separated by a 1‐day dose–response intervention sleep opportunity. We measured sleep physiological and waking neurobehavioural responses in 70 healthy adults, each randomized to one of seven dose–response intervention sleep doses ranging from 0 to 12 hr, or a non‐sleep‐restricted control group. As anticipated, sleep physiological markers showed homeostatic dynamics throughout the study, and waking neurobehavioural impairment accumulated across the two sleep restriction periods. Unexpectedly, there was only a slight and short‐lived effect of the 1‐day dose–response intervention sleep opportunity. Whether the dose–response intervention sleep opportunity involved extension, further restriction or total deprivation of sleep, neurobehavioural functioning during the subsequent second sleep restriction period was dominated by prior sleep–wake history. Our findings revealed a profound and enduring influence of long‐term sleep–wake history as a fundamental aspect of the dynamic regulation of the neurobehavioural response to sleep loss.
Patterns of admixture and introgression in a mosaic Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus edulis hybrid zone in SW England
Authors: Diz Angel P. , Skibinski David O. F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study of hybrid zones offers important insights into speciation. Earlier studies on hybrid populations of the marine mussel species Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis in SW England provided evidence of admixture but were constrained by the limited number of molecular markers available. We use 57 ancestry‐informative SNPs, most of which have been mapped genetically, to provide evidence of distinctive differences between admixed populations in SW England and asymmetrical introgression from M. edulis to M. galloprovincialis. We combine the genetic study with analysis of phenotypic traits of potential ecological and adaptive significance. We demonstrate that hybrid individuals have brown mantle edges unlike the white or purple in the parental species, suggesting allelic or non‐allelic genomic interactions. We report differences in gonad development stage between the species consistent with a prezygotic barrier between the species. By incorporating results from publications dating back to 1980, we confirm the long‐term stability of the hybrid zone despite higher viability of M. galloprovincialis. This stability coincides with a dramatic change in temperature of UK coastal waters and suggests that these hybrid populations might be resisting the effects of global warming. However, a single SNP locus associated with the Notch transmembrane signalling protein shows a markedly different pattern of variation to the others and might be associated with adaptation of M. galloprovincialis to colder northern temperatures.
Vanishing academics: On the importance of speed and becoming‐imperceptible
Authors: Turcotte Pier‐Luc , Holmes Dave 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnder the influence of neoliberalism, academic work faces mounting pressure to align with imperatives of visibility and perceptibility. Traditionally criticised for working in isolated ‘ivory towers’, academics are now compelled to showcase the societal value of their work through performance metrics and evaluations. Paradoxically, these efforts have unintentionally led to the rigidification and commodification of academic work, stifling the production of knowledge beyond predefined parameters. In this paper, we contend that academics should resist the imposition of this neoliberal ‘grid’ and instead seek a path of ‘becoming‐imperceptible’, drawing inspiration from the insights of Deleuze and Guattari. Becoming‐imperceptible does not entail silent disengagement; rather, it represents a creative form of resistance challenging prevailing modes of assessment rooted in visibility and perceptibility. By incorporating the concept of ‘fast feminism’ to subvert Paul Virilio's hypermasculine speed theory, we uncover the transformative potential of temporary absences. Leveraging these moments of absence, academics can intensify their affective connections with both their peers and their work, making them undiscernible to the confines of the academic establishment. We argue that these instances of imperceptibility create fertile ground for creative and inventive academic endeavours on the margins of established boundaries, where original scholarship can flourish. Such a subversive approach is particularly relevant in fields like nursing and the health sciences, where it can challenge the dominant discourses that typify neoliberal academia.
African philosophy and nursing: A potential twain that shall meet?
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUndoubtedly, the discipline of nursing has been influenced extensively by both Western and Eastern/Asian philosophies. What remains unknown or, perhaps, poorly articulated is the potential influence of African philosophy on the onto‐epistemology of nursing. As a starting point, this article sought to examine the core claims of African philosophy and how they may offer new meanings to the metaparadigm domains of interest in the discipline of nursing. At the core of African philosophy is the notion of personhood (which is distinguished from what it means to be a human being), community, solidarity, and relationality. A major claim of African philosophy is the notion that ‘a person is a person through persons’ which may mean that nursing will be relevant from the African philosophical perspective if it is able to attain this. Health and illness from the African philosophical perspective are defined relationally which shifts attention from the biomedical framework to holism and relational care. The sick ‘person’ is also distinguished from the sick ‘human being’ which has the potential of leading to exclusion from the African philosophical viewpoint. Put together, the African philosophical stance potentially extends the meaning of the metaparadigm domains of interest to the discipline of nursing which warrants further exploration.
Fence off Black Swans: The Economics of Insurance for Vaccine Injury*
Authors: Chen Ze , Chen Bingzheng , Mao Yu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBeing injured during vaccination, although infrequent, can occur, and this necessitates understanding the consequences of vaccine injuries. In this study, we analyse the impact of the risk of vaccine injuries, particularly the economic importance of vaccine injury compensation insurance (VICI) programmes for the injured, which few studies have investigated. Specifically, we examine the role of VICI on individuals' vaccination decisions by integrating an imperfect vaccine into an epidemiological‐economic model in the presence and absence of such an insurance mechanism. Our findings show that the risk of being injured is a non‐negligible risk that lowers individuals' incentives to be vaccinated. The introduction of VICI largely alleviates decision‐makers' concern about vaccine injury. Furthermore, our extended discussion shows the effect of insurance in encouraging vaccination persists under some more sophisticated scenarios.
Novel prediction models for pharyngeal‐airway volume based on the cranial‐base and midsagittal cross‐sectional area of the airway in the pharyngeal region: A cephalometric and magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Habumugisha Janvier , Nakamura Masahiro , Kono Kana , Uchida Kenta , Konko Megumi , Izawa Takashi , Kamioka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to elucidate the association between cranial base (Bjork‐Jarabak analysis), midsagittal cross‐sectional area of the airway in the pharyngeal region (MCSA‐PR) data and pharyngeal‐airway volume (PAV) and develop a model that could help clinicians predict PAV using two‐dimensional (2D) data (Bjork polygon and MCSA‐PR).Materials and MethodsPre‐treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 82 women were categorized into three anteroposterior skeletal groups based on ANB angle: Class I (n = 29), 1.5° ≤ ANB≤5.1°; Class II (n = 26), ANB >5.1°; Class III (n = 27), ANB <1.5°. The Bjork polygon, MCSA‐PR data from cephalograms and PAV data from MRI scans were examined. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with pairwise comparisons conducted using the Bonferroni‐corrected Mann–Whitney U‐test for the Kruskal–Wallis test and Bonferroni‐corrected multiple comparison test for one‐way ANOVA. Forward multiple linear regression was used to create model equations for predicting PAV.ResultsMCSA‐PR and anterior (N‐S) and posterior (S‐Ar) cranial‐base lengths were positively correlated with the PAV. We developed four models; three operated at the group level, and one encompassed the entire sample. Notably, all models could effectively explain the variance in the PAV data. The model for the Class I group was the strongest (adjusted R2 = 0.77).ConclusionOur findings indicate the remarkable potential of the MCSA‐PR, N‐S and Bjork sum angles (BSA) as predictors of the PAV and the relevance of 2D cephalometric and cranial‐base parameters in predicting the three‐dimensional (3D) pharyngeal‐airway size.
Myopia progression patterns among paediatric patients in a clinical setting
Authors: Moore Michael , Lingham Gareth , Flitcroft Daniel I. , Loughman James 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) data investigated the natural history of myopic progression in children from optometric practices in Ireland.MethodsThe analysis was of myopic patients aged 7–17 with multiple visits and not prescribed myopia control treatment. Sex‐ and age‐specific population centiles for annual myopic progression were derived by fitting a weighted cubic spline to empirical quantiles. These were compared to progression rates derived from control group data obtained from 17 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) for myopia. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used to allow comparison of myopia progression rates against outputs from a predictive online calculator. Survival analysis was performed to determine the intervals at which a significant level of myopic progression was predicted to occur.ResultsMyopia progression was highest in children aged 7 years (median: −0.67 D/year) and progressively slowed with increasing age (median: −0.18 D/year at age 17). Female sex (p < 0.001), a more myopic SER at baseline (p < 0.001) and younger age (p < 0.001) were all found to be predictive of faster myopic progression. Every RCT exhibited a mean progression higher than the median centile observed in the EMR data, while clinic‐based studies more closely matched the median progression rates. The LMM predicted faster myopia progression for patients with higher baseline myopia levels, in keeping with previous studies, which was in contrast to an online calculator that predicted slower myopia progression for patients with higher baseline myopia. Survival analysis indicated that at a recall period of 12 months, myopia will have progressed in between 10% and 70% of children, depending upon age.ConclusionsThis study produced progression centiles of untreated myopic children, helping to define the natural history of untreated myopia. This will enable clinicians to better predict both refractive outcomes without treatment and monitor treatment efficacy, particularly in the absence of axial length data.