bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for low birthweight in Singapore: strategies for prevention
Authors: Viegas O.A.C. , Singh K. , Cheng E.L. , Ratnam S.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn analysis of 9399 consecutive singleton births delivered at this unit is presented. The incidence of low birthweight (< 2500 g) was 7.4%. Further analysis of the 698 low birth weight babies indicated that a variety of socio‐demographic risk factors are operational in the etiology of low birthweight. Many of these are preventable before pregnancy so that the implementation of preventive Public Health measures utilising appropriate technology at least in developing countries may be socially and economically preferable to continued financial investment in intensive perinatal services.
Serum complement levels in normal pregnancy and pregnancy‐induced hypertension
Authors: Jagadeesan V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSerum complement assay (CH50) was carried out in urban low‐income women belonging to the following groups: (i) non‐pregnant and non‐lactating women; (ii) pregnant women in different periods of gestation; (iii) women suffering from pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Serum CH50 titers showed significant increase in the second and third trimester pregnancies as compared to non‐pregnant, non‐lactating women. There were no differences in CH50 levels between women suffering from pregnancy‐induced hypertension and those with normal pregnancy of comparable period of gestation. Nutritional status did not seem to have any influence on complement titers.
Perinatal mortality at King Fahd Hospital of The University Al‐Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Authors: El‐Zibdeh Mazen Y. , Al‐Suleiman Suleiman A. , Al‐Sibai Mohammad H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe perinatal deaths of all singleton births that occurred at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al‐Khobar, Saudi Arabia during a 4‐year period are analysed. The causes of death are classified into 12 groups using an extended modification of the Aberdeen classification. There were 165 perinatal deaths in 8057 singleton births, giving a perinatal mortality rate of 20.47 per 1000 total births. Fetal malformations occurred in 29 (17.57%) cases. Of the remaining 136 normal infants, 77 (56.6%) were stillbirths and 59 (43.4%) died within 1 week of delivery. Spontaneous premature labor was the commonest cause of death (23.52%) followed by birth trauma (11%) and maternal diseases (9.55%). The cause of death was not known in 22 (16.17%) cases. In conclusion, prevention of premature labor, better intrapartum fetal monitoring, early recognition of fetal distress and improvement of neonatal care should reduce the perinatal mortality rate.
Endocrine and morphological study of a case of ovarian sex‐cord tumor with annular tubules in a woman with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Benagiano G. , Bigotti G. , D'Alessandro P. , Napolitano C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA bilateral ovarian sex‐cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) was incidentally discovered in an amenorrheic patient with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome during conservative surgery in which a small non‐capsulated mass was removed from each ovary. Ovulation was then induced over two consecutive cycles with urinary gonadotropins; the couple did not conceive because of a male infertility factor. Hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy were performed to prevent recurrence and avoid the possibility of a cervical malignant adenoma. Immunohistochemistry of the SCTAT showed positivity for estradiol and testosterone similar to that of Sertoli and granulosa cell tumors; progesterone was not detected in any cellular component of the neoplasia. Electron microscopy showed that the neoplasm consisted of numerous solid cords of cells surrounded by fibrillary layers of basal lamina, as well as central hyaline bodies. Two types of cells, clear and dark, were noted; clear cells were predominant and intermixed with scattered dark cells. No crystalloids or Charchot‐Bottcher filaments were detectable in the tumors.
The perinatal survey of the South‐west Region in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dunn P.M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe South Western Region of the United Kingdom (UK) has a population of over three million and approximately 38,000 births each year in 48 maternity units. During 1980–1982, a detailed survey, including site visits, was undertaken of the perinatal facilities, staffing, workload and outcome. During that period the perinatal mortality for the region fell faster than in any other region; at 9.1 per 1000 births in 1982, it was also the lowest for any region in the UK.
Developing professional responsibility in maternity care in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong V.C.W. , Leung P.M.K. , Li D.F.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA simple questionnaire was used to document basic information surrounding all perinatal deaths in Hong Kong. Coordinators were appointed for every maternity unit. Replies were sent by mail to the Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society. Using volunteer time and minimum budget, the data were collated and analyzed. The main causes of death were congenital anomalies, intrauterine death of unknown cause and prematurity. There was significant difference in performance when the University units were compared with the private and Government units. Changes in resource allocation and modification of clinical practice may be recommended as a result of such audit.
Oral versus local treatment of vaginal candidosis
Authors: Salem H.T. , Salah M. , Farid A. , Sabra A.M. , Makarem M.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA comparative study was conducted to compare the results of the use of oral and local vaginal therapy in the treatment of vaginal candidosis. Forty‐five patients with clinical and mycological evidence of vaginal candidosis were recruited and were randomly allocated to one of the treatment groups. Twenty‐four patients received ketoconazole orally (400 mg/day for 5 days) and 21 patients received nystatin vaginal pessaries (100,000 units twice/day for 7 days). Seven out of 20 rectal swabs (35%) were positive for Candida albicans. Both drugs were significantly effective in relieving patients symptoms and physical signs. The mycological cure rates were 87.5% and 81%, and the relapsing rates were 0% and 5.9% for the ketoconazole and nystatin groups, respectively. Ketoconazole oral therapy had generally slightly higher results than local nystatin therapy in the treatment of vaginal candidosis, yet the difference was statistically insignificant.
Transient blindness in pregnancy induced hypertension
Authors: Nalliah Sivalingam , Thavarashah A.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTransient blindness associated with pregnancy induced hypertension without neurological symptoms is a rare phenomenon. The blindness in these cases is postulated to be of “cortical blindness”. Two such cases occurring immediately after childbirth are presented. The ophthalmic manifestations of this complication of pregnancy induced hypertension and the importance of an urgent evaluation are discussed.
Angiogenic activity and neovascularization in adenocarcinoma of endometrium
Authors: Palczak R. , Splawinski J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAngiogenic activity of adenocarcinoma of endometrium was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative assays that measure vessel growth in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryo and incorporation of [3H] thymidine to DNA of CAM, respectively. In addition, histological specimens of adenocarcinoma with the vascular system filled with contrasting medium, were examined for the presence of neovascularization. Both qualitative and quantitative assays on CAM indicated that adenocarcinoma of endometrium possessed angiogenic activity. Histological analysis suggested that neovascularization took place during development of adenocarcinoma. It is therefore possible that neovascularization in this tumor is stimulated by its angiogenic activity
Cervical prostaglandin injection: a novel method of administration for ripening the cervix and induction of labor
Authors: Shaala S. , Darwish E. , Anwar M. , Rocca M. , Ismail A.A.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwenty pregnant women with ⩾36 weeks gestation and Bishop score of ⩽4 were subjected to either intracervical injection of PGE2 (0.25 mg) every 4 h to ripen the cervix and induce labor (study group n = 10) or injection of only the diluent (control group n = 10). PGE2 cases showed significant increase in Bishop score and were successfully induced. The mean induction‐establishment and induction‐delivery intervals were 4.3 ± 0.1 min and 6.07 ± 1.7 h, respectively. The control group showed no response. PGE2 cervical injection is a safe and effective method for cervical ripening and labor induction.
Prevalence of genital herpes simplex infection and abnormal vaginal cytology in late pregnancy in asymptomatic patients
Authors: Rimdusit P. , Yoosook C. , Srivanboon S. , Sirimongkolkasem R. , Pumeechockchai W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in 809 asymptomatic, late pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic (ANC) at Ramathibodi Hospital. There was only one case where the cervico‐vaginal swab specimen was positive for HSV by cultivation and the biotin‐streptavidin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (B‐SA ELISA), for detection of viral antigens. This gave a prevalence rate of 0.12%. The anti‐HSV IgM in cord blood of the infant born to this mother was negative. The Papanicoulaou (Pap) smear was performed in 554 cases, including the above patient, but none showed evidence of HSV infection. The high prevalence of lower genital tract infection in these subjects was noted in both Pap smear (31.05%) and wet preparation of the cervico‐vaginal discharge (46.72%). Thus, examination of the cervico‐vaginal discharge during late pregnancy should be of benefit to the patients, in revealing asymptomatic infections of the lower genital tract.
Pelvic inflammatory disease and the intrauterine contraceptive device
Authors: Wright E.A. , Aisien A.O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe relationship between the use of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was examined in 1054 patients who were seen at the Family Planning Clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital and were followed up. The overall risk of PID developing in women wearing the IUD was minimal: 62 out of 1054 (5.9%). The rates, however, varied for the 6‐month periods studied. The incidence of PID decreased as the period of usage increased. The greater number of patients developed PID less than 3 months from the date of IUD insertion. When PID occurred it was usually of mild or moderate intensity and the response to antibiotic therapy was very encouraging. There was no relationship between the parity of the patients and the development of PID. Even though there is a definite link between the use of IUD and the development of PID it does not obliterate the benefits which the use of IUD provide for the majority of its patrons; and so the use of IUD should continue.
Celo‐intestinal fistulae complicating advanced extra‐uterine pregnancy
Authors: Emembolu J.O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMultiple celo‐intestinal fistulae with the passage of fetal bones per rectum as a rare complication of advanced extra‐uterine pregnancy is presented. This was further complicated by a recent intra‐uterine pregnancy which culminated in obstructed labor and uterine rupture. The subsequent peritonitis was of etiological significance in the formation of the peritoneo‐ or celo‐intestinal fistulae.
Accuracy of prediction of gestational age by ultrasound measurement of biparietal diameter in Nigerian women
Authors: Okonofua F.E. , Atoyebi F.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe accuracy of assessment of gestational age by ultrasound measurement of biparietal diameter (BPD) was evaluated in 84 Nigerian women. Ultrasound and menstrual delivery dates were compared in these women who had no complications of pregnancy and delivered infants whose birthweights were appropriate for 40 weeks. The results showed that ultrasound dating was more accurate than menstrual dating as evident from the number of women who delivered on and within 1 or 2 weeks of predicted delivery dates. It is concluded that (1) our locally produced BPD normogram is as accurate as those from elsewhere and (2) the normogram is recommended for use in Nigerian women for accurate pregnancy dating.
A 3‐year evaluation of the TCu380Ag and the Cu‐7
Authors: Apelo R.A. , Ramos R.M. , Bernardo E. , Champion C.B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe TCu380Ag and the Cu‐7 intrauterine devices (IUDs) were evaluated in a randomized comparative clinical trial. A total of 198 women who had not recently been pregnant entered the trial in Manila, Philippines and were followed‐up through 3 years postinsertion. The 36‐month follow‐up rates were impressively high at 80.3 for TCu 380A users and 76.7 for users of the Cu‐7. Although the two IUDs demonstrated statistically similar termination rates, the findings suggest a higher efficacy for the TCu380Ag. Gross cumulative life‐table pregnancy rates were 0.0 and 4.5 for the TCu380Ag and Cu‐7, respectively, at 3 years. Overall 3‐year continuation rates were 74.3 and 64.9 for users of the respective devices.
Rudimentary horn pregnancy associated with pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Emembolu J.O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe unusual association of pre‐eclampsia with a pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of the uterus in a multigravid patient is reported. The infrequent development of rudimentary horn pregnancy beyond the twentieth week of gestation may explain the rarity of this complication. The possible effect of rapid distension of the rudimentary horn with exposure of the myometrial surface to overwhelming fetal antigenic proteins may be of relevance in the development of pre‐eclampsia in this case.
Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia following first trimester abortion
Authors: Foldes J. , Eilam O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWhile genital tract infections with Haemophilus influenza (H. influenzae) are recognized with increasing frequency, this organism still remains an uncommon cause of maternal infection. The association of this pathogen with spontaneous abortion is extremely rare and has been described only in cases of midtrimester abortion. We report a case of H. influenzae bacteremia following first trimester spontaneous abortion and review the literature.
Comparison of copper T‐200 with Lippes loop as a contraceptive device
Authors: Wright E.A. , Aisien O.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA comparison has been made between Lippes loop and T Cu 200 intra‐uterine contraceptive device with respect to their acceptability and effectiveness in a developing country. A total of 1054 patients were studied; 697 with Lippes loop and 357 with T Cu 200. The ages of the patients ranged between 14 and 44 years, with a peak age of 21–25 years for T Cu 200 and 26–30 for Lippes loop. The event rates were similar but T Cu 200 displayed lower expulsion rate, lower intermenstrual bleeding rate and a lower incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease. The Lippes loop had lower event rate for the other parameters considered, pregnancy and pelvic pain. The continuation rate was similar for both devices. Both devices are useful for women who wish to space out their children but for those who wish to achieve effective contraception for more than 5 years, Lippes loop should be the IUD of choice.
Intrauterine growth retardation: characteristics, risk factors and gestational age
Authors: Callan N.A. , Witter F.R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMaternal, obstetrical, and neonatal factors were studied in 1604 pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation and 1604 non‐IUGR controls. These were examined in the overall IUGR group and at various gestational ages. Eighty‐six percent of perinatal deaths were found in the IUGR group with 57.4% occurring prior to labor. Maternal smoking, low weight gain, low prepregnancy weight, and hypertension were found more frequently in the IUGR population. In addition, maternal hypertension was found to be significant in the IUGR infants delivered prematurely.
Effects of oral contraceptive pills on serum lipoproteins and triglycerides
Authors: Towobola O.A. , Otubu J.A.M. , Uguru V.E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPossible effects of a combined oral contraceptive (femenal) on blood triglycerides and high‐density‐lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐Chol) were studied in 25 women who had opted for hormonal contraception. Total serum triglycerides of 64.60 ± 12.39 mg/dl (mean ± SD) obtained prior to the commencement of hormonal contraception, did not reveal any statistical difference from the value of 65.49 ± 7.96 mg/dl obtained after 9 months contraception. Similarly, precontraception HDL‐Chol value of 58.05 ± 6.58 mg/dl was also not statistically different from the treatment value of 58.82 ± 5.42 mg/dl. Regression analysis of the values between control (precontraception) and treatment (9 months contraception) showed high correlation coefficients: (1) serum triglycerides, R2 = 0.5201; P < 0.001; (2) serum HDL‐Chol, R2 = 0.6590; P < 0.001. Both the mean body weight and blood pressure of the study subjects remained unchanged after 9 months continuous use of femenal for contraception.
Breastfeeding promotion: Feeding the low birth weight infant
Authors: Musoke R.N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThough there is still some reluctance to use human milk for low birth weight infants, we have shown that it is possible exclusively to feed these infants on milk from their own mothers. The infants have adequate weight gain and are less likely to get infections, especially gastrointestinal and respiratory. It is possible to sustain lactation through manual expression during the period that the mother is not nursing her infant directly on the breast. A cup rather than a bottle can be used to feed these small infants. The mothers are thus encouraged because the infant does not suffer nipple confusion with a bottle and they continue breastfeeding after discharge from the hospital.
Breastfeeding promotion efforts: Why some do not work
Authors: Stokamer C.L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe failure of a breastfeeding promotion effort to take root is traced to lack of administrative support and its consequences. For example, although staff training sessions were held, they were not mandatory and attendance was poor. There was no supervisory reprimand for staff who did not implement breastfeeding policies and practices. The program followed the steps for instituting change but failed and the lessons of its failure suggest that administrative backing is particularly important.
Basic and clinical aspects of GnRH‐agonists in reproduction
Authors: Schmutzler R.K. , Diedrich K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWithin recent years GnRH agonists have gained increasing importance in the treatment of reproductive failure. Their use as a pretreatment for in vitro fertilization increases the pregnancy rate at least under certain conditions. In cases of endometriosis and uterus myomatosus, GnRH agonists achieve high remission rates and may avoid or at least postpone the need for surgical intervention. The physiological basis and current clinical strategies are discussed.
Hydatidiform mole: clinicopathologic associations with the development of postevacuation trophoblastic disease
Authors: Murad T.M. , Longley J.V. , Lurain J.R. , Brewer J.I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractClinical information and histopathologic material for 165 patients with hydatidiform mole referred to the John I. Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center of Northwestern University Medical School during one year were reviewed in order to identify characteristics more likely to be associated with the development of gestational trophoblastic tumors. Twenty‐nine patients (18%) required chemotherapy for invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. Patients with uterine enlargement beyond that expected for dates and patients with ovarian theca‐lutein cysts were much more likely to require treatment after molar evacuation (47% vs. 18% and 40% vs. 16%, respectively). There was no correlation between the initial human chorionic gonadotropin level, gestational age, uterine size per se, maternal age or gravidity and the subsequent clinical course. Histologically, the following factors were associated with an increased incidence of postmolar gestational trophoblastic tumor: (1) progressive nuclear atypia (26.7% if atypia present vs. 4% if absent); (2) necrosis and hemorrhage (39.1% if extensive vs. 12.8% if limited); (3) decreased trophoblast maturation (48% if < 20% mature vs. 8.7% if ≥20% mature); (4) trophoblast proliferation (50% if marked vs. 13.9% if limited); (5) increased ratio of cytotrophoblast to syncytium (33.3% if > 1 vs. 6.4% if < 1); and (6) absence of Nitabuch's layer (21.4% if absent vs. 11.6% if present). Hydatidiform moles which demonstrate clinical or histopathologic evidence of excessively abnormal proliferative activity, as indicated by these features, are more likely to develop invasive mole or choriocarcinoma and should be considered for prophylactic chemotherapy.
Respiratory distress syndrome: differential effects of prenatal steroid therapy and prolonged rupture of the membranes
Authors: Suidan J.S. , Baassiri G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe studied the incidences of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and of severe RDS and the survival rate in premature newborns who received a complete prenatal course of betamethasone (N = 49) and in those who did not receive the steroid (N = 546). We also studied the same parameters in steroid‐untreated prematures who had prolonged rupture of the membranes (⩾24 h, N = 91), and in those who did not (N = 448). We found that the incidences of RDS and severe RDS were significantly lower and the survival rate significantly higher in steroid‐treated babies than in untreated babies at 28–32 weeks of gestation (29% vs. 58%, P < 0.01; 21% vs. 46%, P < 0.03; and 83% vs. 49%, P < 0.01, respectively). We also found that untreated babies born after prolonged rupture of the membranes at 28–32 weeks had significantly lower incidences of RDS and severe RDS than untreated babies without prolonged rupture (43% vs. 64%, P < 0.02; 30% vs. 51% P < 0.02, respectively). Between 28 and 32 weeks, steroid‐treated babies did not have significantly lower incidences of RDS and severe RDS than untreated babies born after prolonged rupture of the membranes (29% vs. 43%, P > 0.2; 21% vs. 30%, P > 0.3, respectively). The data indicate that between 28 and 32 weeks gestation, the protection against RDS that is provided by prenatal treatment with betamethasone is not superior to that provided by prolonged rupture of the membranes alone.
Breech delivery of infants weighing more than 2000 grams: a case controlled retrospective analysis of 751 patients
Authors: Mahomed K. , Seeras R. , Coulson R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis is a case controlled study of 385 women with breech presentation and 357 with cephalic presentation. Unlike many recent studies, vaginal breech delivery was associated with a significantly worse outcome for the infant. The reasons for these are discussed particularly in relation to developing countries and a protocol for management of these women is suggested to attempt to reduce the unacceptably poor outcome. Selective external cephalic version is advocated.
Arterio‐venous fistulas involving the uterus and lung
Authors: Kaku T. , Tsukamoto N. , Matsukuma T. , Matsuyama T. , Kamura T. , Nakano H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of arterio‐venous fistulas (AVF) involving the uterus and lungs is described. A 57‐year‐old Japanese woman developed profuse uterine bleeding during endometrial curettage, and underwent emergency abdominal hysterectomy. Postoperatively, she complained of exertional dyspnea and palpitation. Pulmonary angiography revealed multiple AVFs in both lungs. The surgical resections of the lung lesions were performed and her pulmonary symptoms improved.