bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining tissue-level changes in Doxorubicin accumulation and Nitric Oxide formation in skeletal muscle and tumours in a mouse model of breast cancer
Authors: McCue Meghan Victoria , Rebalka Irena A. , Hawke Tom , MacLean David A 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapy that rapidly accumulates in skeletal muscle and disrupts nitric oxide (NO) formation. However, studies investigating these effects have largely been performed in tumour-free models, therefore it remains unknown whether intramuscular accumulation and disruptions to nitric oxide content persist during tumour growth. Methodology: Female C57bl/6 mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to true control, Doxorubicin control, tumour only, or tumour plus Doxorubicin groups. Tumours were grown for 21, 24, or 28 days using E0771 cells. Doxorubicin was administered as a single 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose on day 21. Results: Doxorubicin accumulation was similar in muscle with and without tumours present. Doxorubicinol, a metabolite of Doxorubicin, was elevated (p<0.05) in 24-day tumour+Doxorubicin compared to Doxorubicin alone. NO was similar across all groups in muscle; however, tumour NO was 15-fold higher at day 21 compared to 24, or 28 days (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results confirm that Doxorubicin is sequestered in skeletal muscle when a tumour is present, which may impact bioavailability. Tumour growth transiently increased intramuscular Doxorubicinol, potentially exacerbating the toxicity of the drug. Earlier stage tumour growth appeared to profoundly elevate NO, which could suggest temporal angiogenesis and vasodilation to facilitate growth.
Single-particle spectrum of doped $$\textrm{C}_{20}\textrm{H}_{12}$$-perylene
Authors: Rodekamp Marcel , Berkowitz Evan , Gäntgen Christoph , Krieg Stefan , Luu Thomas , Ostmeyer Johann , Pederiva Giovanni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo study of doped perylene

$$\textrm{C}_{20}\textrm{H}_{12}$$

C
20

H
12

described with the Hubbard model. Doped perylene can be used for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) or as acceptor material in organic solar cells. Therefore, central to this study is a scan over charge chemical potential. A variational basis of operators allows for the extraction of the single-particle spectrum through a mostly automatic fitting procedure. Finite chemical potential simulations suffer from a sign problem which we ameliorate through contour deformation. The on-site interaction is kept at

$$\nicefrac {U}{\kappa }=2$$

U
κ

=
2

. Discretization effects are handled through a continuum limit extrapolation. Our first-principles calculation shows significant deviation from non-interacting results especially at large chemical potentials.

Graphic abstract
On scale-separated supersymmetric $$\hbox {AdS}_2$$ flux vacua
Authors: Cribiori Niccolò , Farakos Fotis , Liatsos Nikolaos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We argue that scale-separated

$$\hbox {AdS}_2$$

AdS
2

vacua with at least two preserved supercharges cannot arise from flux compactifications in a regime of computational control. We deduce this by showing that the

$$\hbox {AdS}_2$$

AdS
2

scale is parametrically of the same order as the tension of a fundamental BPS domain wall, which provides an upper bound on the UV cutoff. Since the latter does not need to be associated to any geometric scale, the argument excludes scale separation in a broader sense than what commonly considered. Our claim is exemplified by a bottom-up 2D supergravity analysis as well as top-down models from Type II flux compactifications.
GPR65 inactivation in tumor cells drives antigen-independent CAR-T cell resistance via macrophage remodeling
Authors: Mavuluri Jayadev , Dhungana Yogesh , Jones Lindsay L. , Bhatara Sheetal , Shi Hao , Yang Xu , Lim Song-Eun , Reyes Noemi , Chi Hongbo , Yu Jiyang , Geiger Terrence L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies, while promising for CD19+ hematological malignancies, often face setbacks due to relapses. Our research identifies GPR65 as a tumor-specific determinant affecting the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. In human patients and an immune-competent mouse model of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), low GPR65 expression correlates with resistance to CD19+ CAR-T treatment. GPR65 knockout (GPR65 KO) tumors in mice similarly exhibit resistance. Through single-cell network analyses, we discovered that GPR65 deficiency reshapes tumor interactions with host macrophages by increasing tumor VEGFA levels, leading to macrophage expansion and preferential M2 polarization. Depleting host macrophages or by deletion of VEGFA in GPR65 KO tumors, restores CAR-T cell therapy responsiveness. Moreover, combining anti-VEGFA therapy with CAR-T cell treatment significantly prolongs the survival of mice bearing GPR65 KO tumors. These findings emphasize the profound impact of tumor gene expression on the tumor microenvironment and subsequent CAR-T cell therapy outcomes.
Fetal Megacystis – A practical guide
Authors: El-Achi Vanessa , Deshpande Aniruddh , Scott Fergus , Smet Maria-Elisabeth 
Published: February 2025

Fetal megacystis is the enlargement of the fetal bladder seen on prenatal ultrasound. Diagnosing the underlying cause of fetal megacystis in the antenatal period is often challenging due to the many possible underlying aetiologies, including various obstructive and non-obstructive causes. This review article is a practical guide to help practitioners distinguish between the various causes, counsel and manage fetal megacystis. It summarizes the evidence on each differential diagnosis and highlights the more recent changes to the definitions of megacystsis in the different trimesters.

What’s already known about the topic?
-	Detection of fetal megacystis leads to an extensive diagnostic conundrum.
-	Counselling, prognostication, and prenatal management may prove challenging.
-	Prenatal intervention has been trialled with limited success.
What does this review add?
-	A summary of differential diagnoses of fetal megacystis and how to distinguish between them.
-	A practical guide to assist with the diagnosis, management and counselling for fetal megacystis in each trimester.
Association of Kidney Function With Incident Heart Failure: An Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Cheng Richard K. , Roberts Mary B. , Bansal Nisha , Reding Kerryn , Salahuddin Taufiq , Mamas Mamas , LaMonte Michael , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Franceschini Nora , Klein Liviu , Manson JoAnn E. , Eaton Charles B. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Studies have shown an association of chronic kidney disease with heart failure (HF); however, this association has not been adequately examined in postmenopausal women, who are at heightened risk of both chronic kidney disease and HF. Additionally, association with HF subtypes is not well characterized.

Methods and Results

Incident HF was defined as first hospitalization for acute decompensated HF, obtained by self‐reported outcomes followed by physician adjudication through review of hospital records. Chronic kidney disease was defined using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Restricted cubic splines tested the association of eGFR with incident overall HF, and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved EF (HFpEF). Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated the multivariable‐adjusted association of eGFR categories with incident HF and its subtypes. The primary analysis included 23 309 women with 11 814 eGFR ≥90, 10 191 eGFR between 60 and 89, 1048 eGFR between 45 and 59 and 256 eGFR <45 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. For overall HF, HFrEF and HFpEF, there was a stepwise increase in risk for incident HF with declining eGFR category. Associations were stronger for HFpEF (hazard ratio [HR], 2.80 [95% CI, 2.36–3.32]) than for HFrEF (HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.66–2.87]) for eGFR <45 as compared with eGFR ≥90. Heterogeneity of the HF subdistributions (HFpEF versus HFrEF) was significant (
P
=0.017).

Conclusions
Kidney dysfunction is associated with incident HF in postmenopausal women. Although lower eGFR is associated with both incident HFrEF and HFpEF, the association is stronger with HFpEF.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT00000611.
Maternal Smoking Intensity During Pregnancy and Early Adolescent Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Liu Mengjiao , Soon Elna Yihui , Lange Katherine , Juonala Markus , Kerr Jessica A. , Liu Richard , Dwyer Terence , Wake Melissa , Burgner David , Li Ling‐Jun 
Published: February 2025

Background
The adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking are well established. We aimed to investigate the less well‐understood effects of pregnancy smoke exposure on offspring cardiovascular health in early adolescence.

Methods and Results
Data were drawn from the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children's Child Health CheckPoint. Mothers reported mean daily cigarettes smoked in each trimester (≤10 versus >10/day), and smoking cessation during pregnancy. Blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima‐media thickness, and retinal microvascular parameters were measured in early adolescence (mean 11.5 years). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥120 or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. 187 (11.8%) of 1582 women (mean age 30.7±0.2 years), smoked during pregnancy, of whom 143 (76.5%) smoked throughout pregnancy, and 58 (31.0%) smoked >10 cigarettes/day. Compared with those born to nonsmoking mothers, the odds of hypertension in early adolescence were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.01–2.06) if mothers ever smoked, 1.99 (1.22–3.24) if mothers smoked >10 cigarettes/day, and 1.64 (1.11–2.42) if mothers smoked throughout pregnancy There was limited evidence of associations between smoking throughout pregnancy and other cardiovascular measures. Offspring of mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy and nonsmokers had similar cardiovascular measures, apart from hypertension.

Conclusions
Offspring of mothers who smoked in pregnancy have increased risks of hypertension in adolescence, with increased risk with greater exposure intensity and duration. Mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy had offspring with similar cardiovascular health to those born to nonsmokers. Our findings underscore the importance of specific strategies to stop maternal smoking before conception and during pregnancy.
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Socioeconomic Position With Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Estimated Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Results of the German National Cohort
Authors: Moreno Velásquez Ilais , Peters Sanne A. E. , Dragano Nico , Greiser Karin Halina , Dörr Marcus , Fischer Beate , Berger Klaus , Hannemann Anke , Schnabel Renate B. , Nauck Matthias , Göttlicher Susanne , Rospleszcz Susanne , Willich Stefan N. , Krist Lilian , Schulze Matthias B. , Günther Kathrin , Brand Tilman , Schikowski Tamara , Emmel Carina , Schmidt Börge , Michels Karin B. , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Kluttig Alexander , Harth Volker , Obi Nadia , Castell Stefanie , Klett‐Tammen Carolina J. , Lieb Wolfgang , Becher Heiko , Winkler Volker , Minnerup Heike , Karch André , Meinke‐Franze Claudia , Leitzmann Michael , Stein Michael J. , Bohn Barbara , Schöttker Ben , Trares Kira , Peters Annette , Pischon Tobias 
Published: February 2025

Background
Using data from the largest German cohort study, we aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship of socioeconomic position (SEP) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, and estimated CVD risk.

Methods and Results
A total of 204 780 (50.5% women) participants from the baseline examination of the population‐based NAKO (German National Cohort) were included. Logistic, multinomial, and linear regression models were used to estimate sex‐specific odds ratios (ORs) and β coefficients with 95% CIs of CVD, CVD risk factors, and very high‐risk score (Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation‐2) for CVD associated with SEP. Women‐to‐men ratios of ORs (RORs) with 95% CIs were estimated. In women compared with men, low versus high SEP (educational attainment and relative income) was more strongly associated with myocardial infarction, hypertension, obesity, overweight, elevated blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and current alcohol consumption, but less strongly with current and former smoking. In women with the lowest versus highest educational level, the OR for a very high 10‐year CVD risk was 3.61 (95% CI, 2.88–4.53) compared with 1.72 (95% CI, 1.51–1.96) in men. The women‐to‐men ROR was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.78–3.05). For the comparison of low versus high relative income, the odds of having a very high 10‐year CVD risk was 2.55 (95% CI, 2.04–3.18) in women and 2.25 (95% CI, 2.08–2.42) in men (women‐to‐men ROR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.05–1.63]).

Conclusions
In women and men, there was an inverse relationship between indicators of SEP and the likelihood of having several CVD risk factors and a very high 10‐year CVD risk. This association was stronger in women, suggesting that CVD risk is more strongly influenced by SEP in women compared with men.
Slower Postencoding Stimulus Reaction Time Predicts Poorer Subsequent Source Memory and Increased Midline Cortical Activity
Authors: Largo Gabriela Vélez , Elshiekh Abdelhalim , Rajagopal Sricharana , Pasvanis Stamatoula , Rajah M. Natasha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Individuals vary widely in their ability to encode and retrieve past personal experiences in rich contextual detail (episodic memory). However, it remains unclear how within-subject variations in attention, measured on a trial-by-trial basis at encoding, and between-subject variation in attention and executive function abilities affect encoding-related brain activity and subsequent episodic retrieval. In the present study, 38 healthy young adults (mean age = 26.5 ± 4.4, 21 females) completed a task fMRI study in which they were instructed to encode colored photographs of everyday objects and their left/right spatial location. In addition, participants were asked to respond as quickly as possible to a central fixation cross that expanded in size at a variable duration after each encoding trial. RTs to the fixation cross preceding and following the object were hypothesized to reflect attentional variations pre- and postencoding stimulus, respectively. A mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to predict source memory success from pre- and poststimulus RT. Slower poststimulus RT, but not prestimulus RT, predicted poorer subsequent source memory within-subject. In addition, between-subject variation in task-switching ability, self-reported cognitive failures, and self-reported attentional abilities affected the association between poststimulus RT and subsequent memory. In addition, trial-by-trial task fMRI analysis indicated that increased encoding activity within default mode network regions was associated with slower poststimulus RT and with subsequent source retrieval failures. These results shed light onto the cognitive and neural factors that contribute to within-subject and between-subject variations in source memory ability.
Internal State Estimation via Physiological Data and Their Modulation by Environmental Context during Social Activity
Authors: Yamashita Ayumu , Maeda Hiroki , Chew Jouh Yeong , Amano Kaoru 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding individuals' internal cognitive states during group interactions is crucial for enhancing group dynamics and communication. This study investigated internal states by analyzing physiological data—EEG, electrocardiography, and pupil size—collected from high school students during group discussions. Using a data-driven clustering method, we identified four distinct internal states, each corresponding to the different power distributions in the four frequency bands of EEG activity. These states were associated with specific behaviors such as gazing at faces, speaking, and specific body language, as well as physiological metrics such as heart rate variability and pupil size. We also examined the influence of environmental factors on internal states, including the presence of a facilitator and the group size. The presence of a facilitator significantly increased the probability of participants remaining in the high alpha-power state, possibly reflecting a relaxed or moderately aroused state. This study provides insights into the physiological underpinnings of group interactions, which can be leveraged to improve educational settings and other group-based activities.
Exploring Nation Branding in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: AlSarraf Maitham , AlMutairi Shihanah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study extends the geographical scope and highlights specific regional insights that can enhance the broader understanding of nation branding practices in diverse socio-economic contexts. An analysis of more than 100 articles enhances the understanding of nation branding by categorizing the diverse narratives and critiques into four distinct emerging themes related to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): economic transformations, cultural heritage, global image, and future visions.
The Convenient Villain and the Stereotypical Victim: How Demand and Vulnerability Help Construct Anti-Policies in Trafficking and Smuggling
Authors: Rossoni Isotta , de Massol de Rebetz Roxane 
Published: February 2025

Executive summary In 2022, the European Commission (EC) issued a proposal for the revision of the 2011 Anti-Trafficking Directive. At the heart of the revision is a desire to strengthen “end-demand” solutions to trafficking, which are gaining increased traction at the EU level. Notions of demand fuel specific constructions of culpability, which in turn are bolstered by and feed on representations of vulnerability/victimhood. This paper draws on the anti-policy framework to make sense of these developments in the EU human trafficking and smuggling policy fields. Relying on a qualitative methodology combining a deductive/inductive approach, it develops a comparative analysis of dominant constructions of culprits and (potential) victims linked to demand and vulnerability, present in trafficking and smuggling, two fields which are strongly interlinked in EU policy. The article demonstrates that whether accentuated as in trafficking, or minimized like in smuggling, in both policy fields, prevailing representations of culpability and vulnerability/victimhood provide the fodder for policy solutions rooted in “anti” logics. This leads to policy outcomes centered on stronger criminal justice systems, law enforcement and judicial cooperation, at the expense of more protection and rights-focused options. Whilst we are by no means contending that “vulnerability” or “demand” should be altogether dismissed as analytical concepts, we are exhorting policy-makers to engage in critical reflection on their use, which at present are employed erratically and inconsistently. Based on the findings, the paper develops concrete policy recommendations.
What do patients with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas and stakeholders want from a peer support program? A qualitative study
Authors: Hemming L. , Duijts S. F. A. , Cockburn C. , Wilson C. , Yuen E. Y. N. , Spelten E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with a rare cancer in rural, regional, and remote Australia experience heightened challenges in their illness journey, including significant psychosocial impacts. Although peer support has shown benefits for common cancer patients living in urban areas, these programs often do not reach underserved groups for instance those with a rare cancer, or those living in rural, regional or remote areas. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of peer support programs for patients with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas.

Methods
Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 39 people with a rare cancer and 10 healthcare providers to explore key points for inclusion in a peer support service for people diagnosed with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically, using Nvivo.

Results
Participants described their peer support needs using the key terms who, what, how, where, and when. Participants advocated for a flexible, multicomponent intervention that could meet the varied and fluctuating needs of this group. Participants also noted challenges with the practical delivery of such a service, specifically, the risk of receiving misinformation, adverse emotional reactions, interpersonal challenges and implementation issues.

Conclusions
This study highlights the role of peer support in addressing unmet needs of patients with a rare cancer, particularly in rural areas, emphasising the importance of tailored, flexible, and multimodal interventions for the delivery of peer support that addresses diverse needs.
Effective cataract surgical and refractive error coverages in the state of Qatar
Authors: AlAshwal Shadi M , Rabiu Muhammad , McCormick Ian , AlQahtani Omar , AlAbdulla Samya , Algadi Halla , Kokku Suresh , Al-Thani Mohammed Hamad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the progress in Qatar’s eye care since 2009, focusing on effective cataract surgical and refractive error coverages, leading to enhanced eye health strategies and action plans.

Methods
A modified Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey was employed using multi-stage sampling in all persons 50 years and older in Qatar. The study focused on uncorrected refractive errors, cataract surgery coverage and effectiveness, and visual acuity assessment.

Results
There were 339 individuals out of 3,206 examined participants who underwent cataract surgery, out of which 66.1% of 559 operated eyes obtained good post-operative outcomes (presenting visual acuity ≥ 6/12). Age -sex - adjusted eCSC for a cataract surgical threshold < 6/12 was 61.2% (95%CI 54.9–67.4). A poor post-operative outcome (presenting visual acuity < 6/60) was observed in 9.3% of all operated eyes, lower than the 14.9% reported in 2009. Cataract surgical coverage at the 6/18 threshold showed good coverage (94%) improving since 2009 (87%). Effective refractive coverage (eREC) was 74.3% (95%CI 70.9–77.7). Effective coverage of both services was lower among Qatari women compared to other population groups.

Conclusion
Qatar’s CSC improved since the 2009 RAAB, but there are disparities in effective coverage based on gender and nationality. WHO set a global target to achieve a 30%-point increase in eCSC and a 40%-point increase in eREC by 2030; accordingly, Qatar’s targets should be 91.2% and 100% retrospectively by 2030. To meet these targets, efforts are needed to improve the quality of cataract surgery and access to refractive correction.