bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Evidence of the Impact of Dividend Taxation and on the Identity of the Marginal Investor
Authors: Bell Leonie , Jenkinson Tim 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of a major change in dividend taxation introduced in the United Kingdom in July 1997. The reform was structured in such a way that the immediate impact fell almost entirely on the largest investor class in the United Kingdom, namely pension funds. We find significant changes in the valuation of dividend income after the reform, in particular for high‐yielding companies. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that taxation affects the valuation of companies, and that pension funds were the effective marginal investors for high‐yielding companies.
Book‐to‐Market Equity, Distress Risk, and Stock Returns
Authors: Griffin John M. , Lemmon Michael L. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between book‐to‐market equity, distress risk, and stock returns. Among firms with the highest distress risk as proxied by Ohlson's (1980) O‐score, the difference in returns between high and low book‐to market securities is more than twice as large as that in other firms. This large return differential cannot be explained by the three‐factor model or by differences in economic fundamentals. Consistent with mispricing arguments, firms with high distress risk exhibit the largest return reversals around earnings announcements, and the book‐to‐market effect is largest in small firms with low analyst coverage.
Rapid Localization of Gag/GagPol Complexes to Detergent-Resistant Membrane during the Assembly of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Halwani Rabih , Khorchid Ahmad , Cen Shan , Kleiman Lawrence 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT

During human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembly in HIV-1-transfected COS7 cells, almost all steady-state Gag/Gag and Gag/GagPol complexes are membrane bound. However, exposure to 1% Triton X-100 gives results indicating that while all Gag/GagPol complexes remain associated with the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM), only 30% of Gag/Gag complexes are associated with the DRM. Analysis of the localization of newly synthesized Gag/Gag and Gag/GagPol to the membrane indicates that after a 10-min pulse with radioactive [
35
S]Cys-[
35
S]Met, all newly synthesized Gag/GagPol is found at the DRM. Only 30% of newly synthesized Gag/Gag moves to the membrane, and at 0 min of chase, only 38% of this membrane-bound Gag/Gag is associated with the DRM. During the first 30 min of chase, most membrane-bound Gag/Gag moves to the DRM, while between 30 and 60 min of chase, there is a significant decrease in membrane-bound Gag/Gag and Gag/GagPol. Since the localization of newly synthesized Gag/Gag to the DRM and the interaction of GagPol with Gag both depend upon Gag multimerization, the rapid localization of GagPol to the DRM probably reflects the interaction of all newly synthesized GagPol with the first newly synthesized polymeric Gag to associate with the DRM.
Quantitative Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation In Vivo Demonstrates that Reactivation in the Nervous System Is Not Inhibited at Early Times Postinoculation
Authors: Sawtell N. M. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT
Recent studies utilizing an ex vivo mouse model of herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation have led to the hypothesis that, under physiologic conditions inducing viral reactivation, the immune cells within the infected ganglion block the viral replication cycle and maintain the viral genome in a latent state. One prediction from the ex vivo study is that reactivation in ganglia in vivo would be inhibited at early times postinoculation, when the numbers of inflammatory cells in the ganglia are greatest. To distinguish between an effect of the immune infiltrates on (i) infectious virus produced and/or recovered in the ganglion and (ii) the number of neurons undergoing lytic transcriptional activity (reactivating), an assay to quantify the number of neurons expressing lytic viral protein in ganglia in vivo was developed. Infectious virus and HSV protein-positive neurons were quantified from days 9 through 240 postinoculation in latently infected trigeminal ganglia before and at 22 h after hyperthermic-stress-induced reactivation. Significant increases in the amount of virus and the number of positive neurons were detected poststress in ganglia at all times examined. Unexpectedly, the greatest levels of reactivation occurred at the times examined most proximal to inoculation. Acyclovir was utilized to stop residual acute-phase virus production, and this treatment did not reduce the level of reactivation on day 14. Thus, the virus measured after induction was a product of reactivation. These data indicate that, in contrast to observations in the ex vivo model, immune cells in the ganglia during the resolution of acute infection do not inhibit reactivation of the virus in ganglia in vivo.
Use of Transgenic HLA A*0201/Kb and HHD II Mice To Evaluate Frequency of Cytomegalovirus IE1-Derived Peptide Usage in Eliciting Human CD8 Cytokine Response
Authors: Gallez-Hawkins Ghislaine , Villacres Maria C. , Li Xiuli , Sanborn Margaret C. , Lomeli Norma A. , Zaia John A. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTUnlike the pp65 protein of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), which has an immunodominant peptide, pp65495-503, recognized by human CD8+cells in the context of HLA A*0201, the fine peptide specificity for CMV IE1 has shown no such immunodominance. With the use of transgenic HLA A*0201/Kb and HHD II mice, a selected pool of IE1 peptides, including IE1p256-264, IE1p297-304, and IE1p316-324, were shown to stimulate cytolytic T-lymphocyte lysis in the context of HLA A*0201. Based on an intracellular gamma interferon response, IE1p297-304, a previously unrecognized CD8 epitope, triggered a prominent response to CMV IE1 in HLA A*0201 subjects.
Combining environmental information via hierarchical modeling: an example using mutagenic potencies
Authors: Simmons Susan J. , Piegorsch Walter W. , Nitcheva Daniela , Zeiger Errol 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMutagenesis assays of toxic environmental agents often provide only a single snapshot of the agent's potential risk, leading to inferences on a possibly isolated phenomenon. Hierarchical models can enhance inferences on environmental agents and obtain more global perspectives on the potential risk. We investigate the use of such models to combine information across environmental studies. We emphasize combination of potency estimates from bioassays used for environmental hazard identification and risk assessment. The models and methods illustrate hierarchical Bayesian techniques to estimate the parameters and make inferences on the unknown potency values. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New serum‐free in vitro culture technique for midgestation mouse embryos
Authors: Moore‐Scott Billie A. , Gordon Julie , Blackburn C. Clare , Condie Brian G. , Manley Nancy R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSummary: Current in vitro culture methods for mouse embryos are critically dependent on specially prepared rodent serum. Rodent serum requires careful preparation and stringent assessment of serum quality, while commercially available whole embryo culture serum is expensive and shows considerable lot variability. Thus, preparation and testing of suitable serum represents a considerable investment of time and resources, particularly for laboratories with only short‐term embryo culture requirements. In addition, serum supplementation of culture medium may introduce unknown serum components that could interfere with interpretation of experimental results, especially where the study is geared towards analysis of a specific growth factor. Here we describe the composition of a standardized serum free culture medium comprised of commercially available stem cell media supplements. With this method, we have successfully cultured midgestation stage mouse embryos and demonstrated, using both morphological and gene expression criteria, that these embryos exhibited proper developmental progression. We believe this method to be a significant advance in whole embryo culture technology that will be of particular use to laboratories needing to utilize whole embryo culture to study midgestation organogenesis. genesis 35:164–168, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence trends and familial risks in invasive and in situ cutaneous melanoma by sun‐exposed body sites
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Zhang Hong , Czene Kamila 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe studied incidence trends, age‐incidence relationships and familial risks in invasive and in situ cutaneous melanoma, based on the Swedish Family‐Cancer Database of more than 10 million individuals. Offspring were 0–66 years of age. Cancers were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1961–98. The study was based on 9,771 offspring and 22,888 parents with invasive melanoma and 2,446 offspring and 5,017 parents with in situ melanoma. Incidence rates increased markedly for invasive melanoma in the trunk. For in situ melanoma, trunk and head and neck were affected, and, in addition, legs for women. The maximal incidence was around age 80 years, independent of the type or site in men; in women early onset superficially spreading melanoma shifted the age for maximal incidence to about 60 years. For in situ melanoma, lentigo maligna was the main histogenetic type in the head and neck but in the trunk and legs superficially spreading melanoma was somewhat more common. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated for familial risk at exposed and covered sites. The combined familial risks for invasive and in situ melanoma were higher at covered (SIR 3.56 from parents) than sun‐exposed (1.92 from parents) sites and they agreed when familiality was defined between parents and offspring or between siblings; the sibling SIRs were 3.90 at covered and 2.53 at exposed sites. The data suggest that the higher melanoma density at exposed sites masks familial effects. Furthermore, sun exposure does not appear to reinforce the familial effect. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of soluble HLA‐G molecules in plasma and amniotic fluid
Authors: Rebmann V. , Pfeiffer K. , Päßler M. , Ferrone S. , Maier S. , Weiss E. , Grosse‐Wilde H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:Although the cDNA sequence of HLA‐G antigens is compatible with their expression as soluble molecules (sHLA‐G), the determination of native sHLA‐G levels in body fluids has not yet been described. The lack of this information is likely to reflect the difficulties in developing an assay suitable to measure sHLA‐G antigens in the presence of soluble HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C (sHLA‐I) antigens, since most of the available anti‐HLA‐G mAb do not detect soluble β2‐m associated HLA‐G antigens or crossreact with sHLA‐I antigens. Therefore, we have developed a two‐step assay which eliminates the interference of classical HLA class I antigens. In the first step, the sample is depleted of sHLA‐I antigens and of HLA‐E antigens with mAb TP25.99. Then, HLA‐G antigens are captured with mAb W6/32 and detected with anti‐β2‐m mAb in ELISA. Utilizing this assay, sHLA‐G antigen levels were measured in EDTA plasma from 92 controls with known HLA types, 28 women at delivery and the corresponding cord bloods and in 50 amniotic fluids. Mean sHLA‐G plasma levels did not differ between males (24.9±3.0 SEM ng/ml; n=42) and females (20.1±2.1 SEM ng/ml; n=50). However, sHLA‐G levels in HLA‐A11 positive probands (mean: 13.0±4.4 SEM ng/ml; n=12) were significantly (P<0.05) lower than in HLA‐A11 negative ones (mean: 24.5±2.0 SEM ng/ml; n=80). sHLA‐G levels in women at delivery (mean: 22.9±2.2 SEM ng/ml; n=28) were in the range of controls but were significantly (P<0.001) reduced in the corresponding cord bloods (mean: 13.8±1.5 SEM ng/ml; n=28). sHLA‐G levels in amniotic fluids (mean: 15.5+1.0 SEM ng/ml; n=50) were significantly (P<0.001) lower than in plasma. sHLA‐G levels were 5 and 11% of those of sHLA‐I antigens in plasmas and amniotic fluids, respectively. Individual sHLA‐G levels were not correlated with sHLA‐I levels. SDS‐PAGE analysis of plasma sHLA‐G antigens revealed two molecular variants with a 35 kD and a 27 kD MW corresponding to the sizes of sHLA‐G1 and ‐G2 isoforms. In conclusion, our study has shown that the two‐step assay we have developed is reliable in measuring sHLA‐G antigen levels. This assay will facilitate the analysis of the biological and clinical significance of sHLA‐G antigens in plasma.
RELATIONSHIP OF HLA‐DR EXPRESSION WITH REJECTION AND MONONUCLEAR CELL INFILTRATION IN RENAL ALLOGRAFT BIOPSIES
Authors: Handan Özdemir B , Kaynak Aksoy P , Nihan Haberal A , Demirhan B , Haberal M 
Published: March 2003

Research on renal biopsies has shown that HLA class I antigens are distributed throughout the renal parenchyma, but that the distribution of HLA‐DR varies greatly. We investigated HLA‐DR expression in the biopsies of 90 renal transplants, and also semiquantitatively assessed the proportions of CD68‐, CD3‐, and HLA‐DR‐positive infiltrating cells by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between tubular DR expression and interstitial lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration were examined.Forty of the biopsies showed acute rejection (AR), 33 showed chronic rejection (CR), 10 showed suspected rejection (SR), and seven showed no evidence of rejection (NR). HLA‐DR expression was noted in 35/40 (87.5%) of the AR cases, 22/33 (66.6%) of the CR cases, and 6/10 (60%) of the SR cases. Only one (14.3%) of the NR cases exhibited HLA‐DR antigen expression in the renal tubules. The proportions of lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration observed in the interstitium were significantly correlated with the tubular DR expression in all cases (P<0.01). Six months after the biopsies were carried out, 24/35 (68.6%) of the AR patients with tubular DR expression showed second‐episode rejection or deteriorated renal function. The remaining 11 AR cases with tubular DR expression had stable renal function at this stage. The cases that had no significant tubular DR expression had no problems with rejection or functional deterioration.These findings are consistent with the theory that expression of HLA‐DR antigens on renal tubular cells may be a marker of rejection and poor graft outcome.
Structural characterization of peptide fragments from hCD81–LEL
Authors: Dhanasekaran M. , Baures P. W. , Prakash O. , VanCompernolle S. , Todd S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The solution conformation of two peptides [1: PSGSNIISNLFKED; 2: GSSTLTALTTSVLKNNL] from human CD81 (hCD81) large extra‐cellular loop (LEL) with known importance in the hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 (HCV‐E2) binding interaction was characterized using circular dichroism spectroscopy. In addition, the solution structure of peptide 1 that contains a phenylalanine residue (F186 in hCD81) known to be critical in the binding interaction with HCV‐E2 was determined using 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. Both peptides are unstructured in water but begin forming significant helical conformation following the addition of 20% or more trifluoroethanol (v/v), a result consistent with their α‐helical conformation found in the native protein. The CD data recorded as a function of pH and NaCl concentration are consistent with stabilization of the helical structure from electrostatic forces for both peptides. Peptide 1 is able to block the binding interaction of recombinant HCV‐E2 (rHCV‐E2) to hCD81 expressed on Molt‐4 T cells at high concentrations (3.5 mm), a low affinity that we attributed to the random coil structure in water.
Membrane locus and pH sensitivity of paraben inhibition of alkali production by oral streptococci
Authors: Ma Y. , Rutherford G. C. , Curran T. M. , Reidmiller J. S. , Marquis R. E. 
Published: March 2003

Parabens were found to be potent inhibitors of alkali production from arginineby oral streptococci such as Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus gordonii. For example, 2 μmol butylparaben per ml completely and irreversibly inhibited arginolysis by intact cells of S. rattus FA‐1 and was lethal for the organism. In contrast, butylparaben was not a very effective inhibitor of ureolysis by intact cells of Streptococcus salivarius 57.I, although it did kill the cells. Butylparaben irreversibly inhibited the cytoplasmic enzymes arginine deiminase, carbamate kinase and urease in permeabilized cells or isolated form. However, inhibition of arginolysis by intact cells appeared to be due primarily to irreversible inhibition of transport systems for arginine uptake, because butylparaben added to intact cells did not reduce levels of arginine deiminase when the cells were subsequently permeabilized after washing. The insensitivity of ureolysis by intact cells to butylparaben can be related to the known high permeability of cell membranes to urea and the cytoplasmic location of urease. The potency of butylparaben as an inhibitior of arginolysis or glycolysis and as a lethal agent was found to be greater at acid pH that at neutral or alkaline pH.
Megakaryocyte chimerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Eklund Ola , Dalianis Tina , Wester Daniela , Winiarski Jacek 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and the clinical implications of mixed chimerism in megakaryocytes after stem cell transplantation (SCT). Polymerase chain reaction analyzing allele length polymorphisms was used to determine the origin of immunomagnetically isolated megakaryocytes and leukocyte subpopulations after SCT in 13 children. Eleven were unselected consecutive cases while two were included due to known leukocyte mixed chimerism. Recipient DNA was detected in the megakaryocytes in six out of the 11 cases at levels between 1 and 100%. Coinciding mixed chimerism in the leukocyte populations was detected in two of the 11 cases. Of the two selected cases with known leukocyte mixed chimerism, two boys with aplastic anemia and Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome had 1–5 and 70% recipient megakaryocytes, respectively. Although the four relapses or deaths, within the 13 months of observation, were restricted to patients with multilineage or isolated megakaryocyte (n = 1) mixed chimerism, it was not possible to link any other apparent clinical problems, except a prolonged thrombocytopenia in one case, to the mixed chimerism in this limited study group.
Serial detection of Epstein–Barr virus DNA in sera and peripheral blood leukocyte samples of pediatric renal allograft recipients with persistent mononucleosis‐like symptoms defines patients at risk to develop post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Campe Hartmut , Jaeger Gundula , Abou‐Ajram Claudia , Nitschko Hans , Griebel Martin , Montoya Carmen , Klare Bernd , Koszinowski Ulrich 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:  We tested blood samples of 25 pediatric renal transplant recipients for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eleven of these transplant recipients showed clinical persistent mononucleosis‐like symptoms years after transplantation (Tx). A quantitation of EBV DNA by PCR in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and serum samples revealed variable EBV DNA titers. The majority of EBV PCR results in samples of the 14 asymptomatic transplant recipients was repeatedly below detection limit. In contrast, patients with mononucleosis‐like symptoms showed persistent EBV genome titers over a period of 6 months, ranging from 75 to 18 750 copies/10 000 PBL and from 680 to 335 000 copies/mL serum, respectively. One child suffering from this mononucleosis‐like condition developed an EBV‐associated Burkitt‐like lymphoma 29 months after Tx. Whereas clinical and histological investigations did not indicate a post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) until tumor detection, EBV titers in PBL and serum had been high for at least 8 months. We propose that pediatric transplant recipients who show both, recurrent mononucleosis‐like symptoms and a sustained high EBV genome load, are at increased risk for severe EBV‐related post‐transplant complications.
Induction of cell division‐related genes in quiescent (G0) sugar beet cells
Authors: Fowler Mark R. , Kirby Melissa J. , Scott Nigel W. , Slater Adrian , Elliott Malcolm C. 
Published: March 2003

Sugar beet cells maintained in the stationary phase of the batch culture cycle for 2 or more days have been shown to exhibit many of the characteristics of quiescent (G0) cells. When such cells were subcultured into fresh medium they progressed through a period of DNA synthesis to a highly synchronised first division, 6 days after subculture. The onset of DNA synthesis and cell division were each delayed by 2 days relative to the timing of the events when the cells were subcultured immediately before entry into the stationary phase. The regulation of gene expression during this extended transition from the G0 phase back to the cell division cycle was investigated.The cell division cycle‐related genes Bvcdc2, Betvu;CycA2, Arath;CycB1;1 histone H4 and Bvcrk1 (a novel cdc2‐like gene) showed widely differing patterns of expression. Bvcdc2 transcripts were present at low levels in quiescent cells whereas crk1, cyclin and histone transcripts were not detectable. Expression of both Bvcrk1 and Betvu; CycA2 was induced within 1 h after subculture into fresh medium, whereas histone H4 gene expression was not detectable for 24 h and showed a marked increase between 24 and 48 h. B‐type cyclin transcripts were not detectable until more than 48 h after subculture.The addition of either sucrose or MS macronutrients to quiescent sugar beet cells was not sufficient to re‐initiate cell division but both medium components were able to stimulate the expression of the two ‘early’ genes (Betvu;CycA2 and Bvcrk1) within 6 h. Furthermore, although the sugar beet cells were habituated, i.e. they were routinely grown without added plant growth regulators, treatment of quiescent cells with IAA and kinetin also induced expression of Betvu;CycA2 and Bvcrk1 without subsequent cell division.
Cloning and potential utility of porcine Fas ligand: overexpression in porcine endothelial cells protects them from attack by human cytolytic cells
Authors: Tsuyuki Shigeru , Kono Mari , Bloom Eda T. 
Published: March 2003

Tsuyuki S, Kono M, Bloom ET. Cloning and potential utility of porcine Fas ligand: overexpression in porcine endothelial cells protects them from attack by human cytolytic cells. Xenotransplantation 2002; 9:410–421. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002Endothelial cells (EC) are primary targets of the recipient's immune response to transplanted organs and constitutively express Fas (CD95) ligand (FasL) on their surface. We investigated the role of porcine FasL in the generation of the human anti‐pig response in vitro. Porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) lysed a Fas+ human T‐cell line, Jurkat. Anti‐human Fas monoclonal antibody (mAb) specifically inhibited this killing in a dose‐dependent manner, suggesting that porcine FasL recognizes and binds human Fas to induce apoptosis of human Fas+ cells. We next cloned porcine FasL, identifying an open reading frame of 849 base pairs predicting a protein of 282 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence was 85, 76, and 75% homologous to the predicted amino acid sequences of human, mouse, and rat, respectively, and found that PAEC expressed both FasL mRNA and protein. Transient transfection was used to increase or induce porcine FasL expression in PAEC or COS‐7 cells. Transfection of PAEC with a plasmid encoding porcine FasL increased their ability to induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells, fresh human T cells activated with IL‐2 and anti‐CD3, and fresh IL‐2‐activated human (natural killer) NK cells. Moreover, porcine Fas L‐transfected COS‐7 cells induced significant apoptosis in Jurkat cells compared with that induced by mock‐transfected COS‐7 cells. Finally, the overexpression of porcine FasL in PAEC reduced their susceptibility as target cells to lysis by activated human NK or T cells. These findings suggest that porcine FasL overexpression in EC of vascularized xenografts may provide protection from cellular xenograft rejection.