bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic challenges in SLIPPERS syndrome: Case report
Authors: Acır İbrahim , Sezen Ahmetcan , Aygün Murat Serhat , Altıntaş Ayşe 
Published: January 2025

Background SLIPPERS (Supratentorial Lymphocytic Inflammation with Parenchymal Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids) is a rare variant of a syndrome called CLIPPERS (Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Ponsine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids). SLIPPERS is characterized by distinct supratentorial lesions that share radiological and pathological characteristics with CLIPPERS. The ongoing issue is whether these syndromes should be considered as a distinct disease entity or simply a form for a variety of underlying conditions such as granulomatosis, vasculitis, and infectious diseases. Case We present a unique case of SLIPPERS observed in a 26-year-old woman with no notable medical or familial background. Laboratory findings ruled out certain diseases from the list of differentials and cranial MRI showed T2 hyperintense areas with linear-patchy enhancements, a pattern consistent with SLIPPERS syndrome. Consequently, patient was diagnosed with SLIPPERS syndrome and received methylprednisolone therapy. Conclusion Both SLIPPERS and CLIPPERS are complicated syndromes posing diagnostic challenges and requiring careful investigation to avoid misdiagnosis. Following a thorough differential diagnosis, appropriate treatment can be initiated, and follow-up is required.
Disproportional smaller fornix with altered microstructure in pediatric multiple sclerosis shown by high-resolution fluid-suppressed diffusion tractography
Authors: Weber Carly , Wilbur Colin , Blevins Gregg , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: January 2025

Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) has identified marked volume and diffusion abnormalities of the fornix, the main white matter (WM) output tract of the hippocampus. Objective To determine if the fornix is affected in pediatric-onset MS (POMS) using the same DTI protocols used in adult-onset MS (AOMS), which would suggest its early involvement in the disease course. Methods High-resolution, fluid-suppressed diffusion tractography was used to identify the fornix in 11 POMS patients (13–19 years old) and 26 controls. Fornix volume and diffusion metrics were compared between groups and with other total/regional brain volumes, and then correlated with cognitive/clinical scores. Results POMS showed lower fornix volumes (−26%) compared to controls, which was greater than proportional losses in total and other regional brain volumes. Notably, the hippocampus volume was not lower in POMS. DTI yielded lower fractional anisotropy (−7%) and higher mean (+12%), axial (+7%), and radial (+16%) diffusivities in POMS. There were no significant correlations between fornix volume/diffusion metrics and cognitive/clinical scores. Conclusion Diffusion tractography showed marked injury to the fornix in POMS that precedes injury to connected gray matter such as hippocampus, implicating the fornix as an early brain region affected in MS.
Fitness-to-work considerations in the paradigmatic pain condition of headache disorder
Authors: Fan Xiangning , Lytvyak Ellina , Els Charl , Straube Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Headache disorders are common, including in the working population. Clinicians caring for patients with headache need to be aware of work-related factors as potential causes or triggers of headache disorders, and consider the impact of headache on fitness-to-work, especially in safety-sensitive and decision-critical roles. Such fitness-to-work determination should include individualized consideration of the nature of the headache disorder itself, the pattern of the headache, the impact of sleep deprivation on the headache as it relates to fitness to do shiftwork, medication and substance side effects, fitness-to-work implications of associated medical or psychiatric conditions, and the potential of symptom feigning or malingering for secondary gain. As clinicians often struggle with fitness-to-work determinations, a structured approach to fitness-to-work assessments in headache conditions and other pain conditions would improve clarity for clinicians and increase the quality of care provided to patients, with potential benefits for workplace safety and policy in this arena as well.
Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Khanam Farhana , Rickett Natasha Y. , Ahmmed Faisal , Islam Md Taufiqul , Mbae Cecilia Kathure , Im Justin , Aziz Asma Binte , Ongadi Beatrice , Chowdhury Fahima , Khan Ashraful Islam , Akter Afroza , Firoj Md Golam , Rahman Sadia Isfat Ara , Haile Kassa , Park Se Eun , Mwebia Martin Bundi , Mwangi Moses , Ngugi Benjamin , Behute Meseret Gebre , Kering Kelvin , Agampodi Suneth , Kanungo Suman , Liu Xinxue , Pollard Andrew J. , Zaman K. , Kim Deok Ryun , Kariuki Samuel , Qadri Firdausi , Clemens John D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
When delivered through vaccination Vi-polysaccharide antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi protects against typhoid by inducing IgG anti-Vi antibodies. We aimed to determine whether the presence of antibodies following natural infection is associated with a lower incidence of typhoid fever in endemic regions.

Methods
We analyzed data from a cohort study of typhoid fever conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Plasma IgG anti-Vi antibodies were measured using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in random serosurveys of a population that had not previously received typhoid vaccination. Participants were followed for up to 20 months for culture-confirmed typhoid fever. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between antibody levels and typhoid risk.

Results
The ROC analysis revealed that IgG anti-Vi antibody titers were predictive of typhoid risk among the 8,261 serosurvey participants (area under the curve: 0·63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·58─0·67). Detection of any antibodies was associated with a lower risk of typhoid in crude analyses (hazard ratio (HR): 0·13; 95% CI: 0·03─0·52), though this association declined after adjustment (HR: 0·32; 95% CI: 0·07─1·40). A positive correlation was observed between IgG anti-Vi titers and age (correlation coefficient 0·35; p < 0·001), with a stepwise increase in detectable antibodies by age, ranging from 12·0% (280/2,333) in children under 5 years to 54·2% (463/854) in individuals 50 years and older (p < 0·001).

Conclusions
In typhoid-endemic populations, IgG anti-Vi antibodies may indicate natural immunity to typhoid. The increasing seroprevalence with age suggests that these antibodies could serve as markers of cumulative past typhoid infections. Future research should explore these possibilities.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Retrospective MRI analysis of 418 adult shoulder joints to assess the physiological morphology of the glenoid in a low-grade osteoarthritic population
Authors: Meier Marc-Pascal , Brandt Lars Erik , Seitz Mark-Tilmann , Roch Paul Jonathan , Jäckle Katharina , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali , Lehmann Wolfgang , Hawellek Thelonius 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Due to the difference in size between the humeral head and the glenoid, the shoulder joint is prone to instability. Therefore, the reconstruction of the physiological joint morphology is of great importance in shoulder joint preservation and replacement surgery. The aim of this study was to describe physiological reference parameters for the morphology of the glenoid for the first time.

Material and methods
MRI images of the shoulder joints of 418 patients (mean age: 50.6 years [± 16.3]) were retrospectively analysed in a low-grade osteoarthritic population. The glenoid distance in coronal (GDc) and axial view (GDa), glenoid inclination (GI) and version (GV) as well as scapula neck length (SNL) were measured. Parameters were studied in association for age, gender, side and degeneration grade.

Results
Mean GDc was 33.4 mm (± 3.6), mean GDa 26.8 mm (± 3.2), mean GI 10.5° (± 6.4), mean GV -0.4 mm (± 5.4) and mean SNL was 33.4 mm (± 4.7). GDa was significant higher in right shoulders (p < 0.001). GDc and GDa showed significant higher mean values in older patients (p < 0.001) and in shoulders with more severe degenerative changes (p < 0.05). While GDc, GDa and SNL were significant larger in male patients (p < 0.001), GI had a higher mean value in female shoulders (p = 0.021).

Conclusion
Age, gender and shoulder joint degeneration influence changes in the morphological parameters of the glenoid. These findings have to be considered in shoulder diagnostics and surgery.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Monitoring of prostate-specific antigen in men with benign prostate enlargement receiving 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: a non-interventional, cross-sectional study of real-world practice of urologists in Spain and Brazil
Authors: Palacios Juan Manuel , Kapse Pratiksha , Cortes Vanessa , Averbeck Marcio Augusto , Alba Alberto Budia , Somvanshi Suryakant , da Costa Cruz Danilo Souza Lima , Pereira Fiona 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Inconsistent monitoring of prostate-specific antigen in patients receiving 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostate enlargement may affect prostate cancer outcomes. This study evaluated real-world practice among urologists treating patients receiving 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.

Methods
This non-interventional, cross-sectional study collected data from urologists in Spain (N = 100) and Brazil (N = 100) via a self-reporting questionnaire and patient record forms. Endpoints included: frequency/methodology of prostate-specific antigen monitoring, concerns about the effect of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on prostate-specific antigen monitoring, triggers of prostate biopsy, and concerns when switching 5-alpha reductase inhibitor formulation.

Results
Over half of urologists monitored prostate-specific antigen every 6 months (Spain 59%, Brazil 58%). Preferred methods were the “doubling rule” (Spain 66%, Brazil 41%) and “increase from nadir” (Spain 28%, Brazil 43%). A minority of urologists monitored unadjusted values (Spain 3%, Brazil 11%) or did not monitor prostate-specific antigen (Spain 1%, Brazil 3%). Most urologists ranked the potential for 5-alpha reductase inhibitors to mask prostate cancer as their top concern (Spain 65%, Brazil 56%). The most selected trigger for prostate biopsy was “if doubled (adjusted) prostate-specific antigen level after 6 months of treatment is > 4 ng/mL” (Spain 39%, Brazil 37%). Many urologists were moderately/very concerned about the effect on prostate-specific antigen when switching 5-alpha reductase inhibitor formulation.

Conclusions
An unmet need exists for standard guidance and continuous education to support optimal monitoring and interpretation of prostate-specific antigen in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostate enlargement treated with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.
Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Omar Amira A. , Assar Doaa H. , Shukry Mustafa , El-Ezz Aya Abo , Farrag Foad A. , Abd El-Aziz Wesam E. , Moustafa Eman M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with Ecobiol plus® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT5940) on the growth performance, physiological responses, oxidative stress, and immune status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings revealed to Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 525 Nile tilapia fingerlings, averaging 30.00 ± 5.00 g in initial weight, were randomly divided into four groups (control and three experimental groups), each with three replicates of 25 fish. Ecobiol plus® was integrated in the diet at concentrations of 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg feed. Fish were fed at 3% of their biomass daily, with biweekly adjustments based on growth. The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks, followed by a 15-day challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila to evaluate immune responses and survival outcomes. The group receiving 0.4 g/kg of Ecobiol plus® exhibited the most significant improvements in growth performance, including higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency (p < 0.05). Blood and biochemical assessments indicated increased hemoglobin, total protein, and globulin levels, reflecting improved physiological and immunological conditions. Additionally, lysozyme activity and phagocytic response were markedly enhanced, demonstrating the probiotic’s immune-boosting potential. Histopathological evaluations revealed reduced gut, gills, and hepatopancreas lesions, especially in groups with higher supplementation levels. Fish in Group T4, fed with 0.4 g/kg Ecobiol plus®, achieved the best growth performance, with a final weight of 77.96 ± 5.53 g, a weight gain of 42.46 ± 3.18 g, and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.51%/day, compared to the control group (T1) with a final weight of 75.26 ± 3.87 g, weight gain of 35.76 ± 2.08 g, and SGR of 1.24%/day. Survival rates considerably increased in the treated groups, with T4 exhibiting the highest rate of 96.00%, followed by T2 (94.68%), T3 (92.00%), and T1 (81.32%). Additionally, the LD50 of A. hydrophila was determined to be 3 × 10⁷ CFU/mL, underscoring the protective effect of Ecobiol plus® in enhancing fish immunity and resilience against bacterial challenges. These results suggest that Ecobiol plus® can be a natural, antibiotic-free additive to strengthen growth and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. The optimal inclusion level of Ecobiol plus® is 0.4 g/kg for maximum benefit.
Pre-screening of endomysial microvessel density by fast random forest image processing machine learning algorithm accelerates recognition of a modified vascular network in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Cazzato Gerardo , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Casatta Nadia , Lupo Carmelo , Vacca Angelo , Iannone Florenzo , Girolamo Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Biomarkers for discrimination among different subgroups of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are difficult to identify and may involve multiple laboratory tests and time-consuming procedures. We assessed the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to extract features such as density of endomysial microvessels based on automatic analysis of the CD31+ vascular network on muscle biopsy images. We also assessed the potential of this technique to save time and its agreement rate with analyses based on the manual selection of microvessels from the same images. A total of 84 images from 84 patients with IIM, diagnosed between 2014 and 2020, were retrieved and analyzed using the Fast Random Forest (FRF) technique. We built a lightweight and explainable algorithm for calculating the pixel percentage of CD31+ endomysial capillaries. The FRF technique applied on images of CD31-stained muscle sections achieved a good performance in the recognition of microvessels by estimating their density over a standard area corresponding to a sample of microscope image. The time spent for this analysis was 90% less than the manual choice of microvessels (estimated time considering the computational time and the time spent to manually detecting the microvessels features). The good performance of the FRF demonstrates that the CD31 pixel percentage of endomysial capillaries is sufficient for a correct estimation. Finally, the paper proposes a procedure to integrate AI in the pre-screening process.
Resourceful and economical designing of fermentation medium for lab and commercial strains of yeast from alternative feedstock: ‘transgenic oilcane’
Authors: Maitra Shraddha , Dien Bruce , Eilts Kristen , Kuanyshev Nurzhan , Cortes-Pena Yoel R. , Jin Yong-Su , Guest Jeremy S. , Singh Vijay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Sugarcane plant engineered to accumulate lipids in its vegetative tissue is being developed as a new bioenergy crop. The new crop would be a source of juice, oil, and cellulosic sugars. However, limited tolerance of industrially recognized yeasts towards inhibitors generated during the processing of lignocellulosic biomass to produce fermentable sugars is a major challenge in developing scalable processes for second-generation drop-in fuel production. To this end, hydrolysates generated from engineered sugarcane—‘oilcane’ bagasse contain added phenolics and fatty acids that further restrict the growth of fermenting microorganisms and necessitate nutrient supplementation and/or detoxification of hydrolysate which makes the fermentation process expensive. Herein, we propose a resourceful and economical approach for growing lab and commercial strains of S. cerevisiae on unrefined cellulosic sugars aerobically and fermentatively.

Results
An equal ratio of hydrolysate and juice was found optimum for growth and fermentation by lab and commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for xylose fermentation. The industrial strain grew and fermented efficiently under low aeration conditions having an ethanol titer, yield, specific and volumetric productivities of 46.96 ± 0.19 g/l, 0.51 ± 0.00 g/g, 0.27 ± 0.02 g/g.h and 1.95 ± 0.01 g/l.h, respectively, while the lab strain grew better under higher aeration conditions having the ethanol titer, yield, specific and volumetric productivities of 24.93 ± 0.09, 0.27 ± 0.00 g/g, 0.17 ± 0.00 g/g.h and 1.04 ± 0.00 g/l.h, respectively. Acclimation of cultures in a blended medium significantly improved the performance of the yeast strains.

Conclusions
The addition of transgenic oilcane juice, which is inedible and rich in amino acids, to the hydrolysate averted the need for expensive nutrient supplementation and detoxification steps of hydrolysate. The approach provides an economical solution to reduce the cost of fermentation at an industrial scale for second-generation drop-in fuel production.

Graphical Abstract
The good, bad, and ugly of comment prompts: Effects on length and helpfulness of peer feedback
Authors: Mu Huifeng , Schunn Christian D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Peer feedback can be highly effective for learning, but only when students give detailed and helpful feedback. Peer feedback systems often support student reviewers through instructor-generated comment prompts that include various scaffolding features. However, there is little research in the context of higher education on which features tend to be used in practice nor to which extent typical uses impact comment length and comment helpfulness. This study explored the relative frequencies of twelve specific features (divided into metacognitive, motivational, strategic, and conceptual scaffolds) that could be included as scaffolding comment prompts and their relationship to comment length and helpfulness. A large dataset from one online peer review system was used, which involved naturalistic course data from 281 courses at 61 institutions. The degree of presence of each feature was coded in the N = 2883 comment prompts in these courses. Since a given comment prompt often contained multiple features, statistical models were used to tease apart the unique relationship of each comment prompt feature with comment length and helpfulness. The metacognitive scaffolds of prompts for elaboration and setting expectations, and the motivational scaffolds of binary questions were positively associated with mean comment length. The strategic scaffolds of requests for strength identification and example were positively associated with mean comment helpfulness. Only the conceptual scaffold of subdimension descriptions were positively associated with both. Interestingly, instructors rarely included the most useful features in comment prompts. The effects of comment prompt features were larger for comment length than comment helpfulness. Practical implications for designing more effective comment prompts are discussed.
Multiple brain metastases from mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues , Obame Fresnel Lutèce Ontsi , Saad Moussa Elmi , Cherkaoui Mandour , El Ochi Mohamed Reda , Abderrahmane Housni , El Asri Abad Chérif , Gazzaz Miloudi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Brain metastases from Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the parotid gland is extremely rare. To our best knowledge, this is the second report of BM from MEC of parotid gland.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 61-year-old man who was surgically treated for mucoepidermoid carcinoma classified as T3N1M0 and was admitted because of multiple brain metastases from this tumor. He underwent surgery for cerebellar metastases and underwent adjuvant radiotherapy.

Conclusion
In this article, the authors report a case of brain metastases from parotid MEC treated by resection and radiation therapy. A review of the literature did not reveal any other cases of this type.
The effect of screen time on auditory processing and working memory skills in tweens (pre-adolescents)
Authors: Jain Saransh , Trinesh Rakesh , Vijayasarthy Srikar , Singh Sanjana S. , Dangi Amuna , Jain Chandni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This study investigates the impact of screen time on auditory processing and working memory in tweens, considering the subtle relationship proposed by the Goldilocks Hypothesis. The research aims to contribute insights into the potential effects of different screen exposure levels on auditory processing and working memory skills, recognizing the prevalence of screen use among tweens.

Method
Fifty-seven tweens were randomly selected and categorized into three groups based on their daily screen exposure. Auditory processing and working memory were assessed by measuring temporal resolution, auditory closure, binaural integration, and digit span tasks. Comprehensive screenings for hearing, speech, language, and IQ skills were conducted, ensuring the inclusion of tweens with normal hearing and cognitive functions.

Results
The study results revealed a non-linear relationship between screen time and auditory processing. Tweens with moderate screen exposure exhibited superior auditory processing skills, while high screen time was associated with deficits in temporal resolution, speech perception, binaural integration, and working memory. The Goldilocks Hypothesis was supported, indicating that too much screen time may have negative consequences, while too little exposure may not exploit the potential benefits of digital media usage. The findings emphasize the importance of moderation in screen time for optimal auditory processing and working memory in tweens. Prolonged screen exposure, especially beyond three hours daily, negatively affected auditory processing and working memory abilities.

Conclusion
The study highlights the need for a balanced approach to screen time, aligning with the broader literature on child development.