bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Security: Individuals in Socially Reciprocal Groups May Perceive Security from Predators
Authors: Philson Conner S , Klassen Clara , Uchida Kenta , Blumstein Daniel T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the most explored factors mediating antipredator behavior is group size, which generally predicts individuals in larger social groups allocate less time to antipredator vigilance while foraging. However, group size alone does not capture the full complexity of sociality. An individual’s ‘sense of security’, or their perceived risk of predation, is also influenced by an individual’s social connections. Further, group social structure – the pattern of all social interactions in a group – could explain additional variation in perceptions of security for the individuals that reside in the group. Using the time allocated to vigilance during foraging and flight initiation distance (FID) to quantify individuals’ social security, we explored whether individual yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) in tightly connected social groups looked less while foraging and had shorter FIDs. Using linear mixed effect models, we found modest support for the Social Security Hypothesis; individuals in more socially reciprocal groups may spend less time looking for predators while foraging. No measure of group social structure explained variation in FID. Measures of the immediate environment (the number of individuals within 10 meters for vigilance and the distance from burrow and alert distance for FID) had effect sizes an order of magnitude greater than measures of social structure, suggesting an individual’s immediate environment has more of an impact on their antipredator behavior than the structure of their social group.
Effect of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V algorithm and deep learning image reconstruction algorithm on image quality and emphysema quantification in COPD patients under ultra-low-dose conditions
Authors: Ma Guangming , Dou Yuequn , Dang Shan , Yu Nan , Guo Yanbing , Han Dong , Jin Chenwang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the effect of different reconstruction algorithms (ASIR-V and DLIR) on image quality and emphysema quantification in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients under ultra-low-dose scanning conditions.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study with patient consent included 62 COPD patients. Patients were examined by pulmonary function test (PFT), standard-dose CT (SDCT) and ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT). SDCT images were reconstructed with filtered-back-projection (FBP), while ULDCT images were reconstructed using FBP, 30%ASIR-V, 60%ASIR-V, 90%ASIR-V, low-strength (DLIR-L), medium-strength (DLIR-M) and high-strength DLIR (DLIR-H) to form 8 image sets. Images were analyzed using a commercial computer aided diagnosis (CAD) software. Parameters such as image noise, lung volume (LV), emphysema index (EI), mean lung density (MLD), 15th percentile of lung density (PD15) were measured. Two radiologists evaluated tracheal and pulmonary artery image quality using a 5-point scale. Measurements were compared and the correlation between EI and PFT indices was analyzed.

Result
ULDCT used 0.46 ± 0.22mSv in radiation dose, 93.8% lower than SDCT (P &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in LV and MLD among image groups (P &gt; 0.05). ULDCT-ASIR-V90% and ULDCT-DLIR-M had similar image noise and EI and PD15 values to SDCT-FBP, and ULDCT-DLIR-M and ULDCT-DLIR-H had similar subjective scores to SDCT-FBP (all P &gt; 0.05). ULDCT-DLIR-M provided the best correlation between EI and the FEV1/FVC and FEV1% indices in PFT, and the lowest deviations with SDCT-FBP in both EI and PD15.

Conclusion
DLIR-M provides the best image quality and emphysema quantification for COPD patients in ULDCT.

Advances in knowledge
Ultra-low-dose CT scanning combined with DLIR-M reconstruction is comparable to standard dose images for quantitative analysis of emphysema and image quality.
Correcting hyponatremia is associated with improve survival in hyponatremic metastatic cancer patients
Authors: Ward Kenneth , Page Valda D , Song Juhee , Amaram-Davila Jaya Sheela , Mamlouk Omar , Abudayyeh Ala 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Hyponatremia in cancer patients admitted to the hospital is associated with longer stay, higher costs, and increased mortality. We examined the impact of hyponatremia correction on survival in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer.

Methods
We reviewed records of patients with solid tumors who were hospitalized between January 2018 and December 2022 with serum sodium ≤125 mEq/L at admission. Cox regression analysis examined associations of demographic and clinical characteristics, including sodium levels at admission and discharge, with overall survival.

Results
Among 1,100 patients, median sodium levels were 122 mEq/L at admission and 132 mEq/L at discharge. A total of 165 patients (15%) died during hospitalization, and 414 of 688 discharged home (60.2%) died within 5 years. Multivariable analysis showed that among patients discharged alive, decrease in sodium from admission to discharge (P=0.0081), sodium ≤125 mEq/L at discharge (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; P=0.0382), Albumin &lt;3.5 at admission (HR 1.48; P&lt;0.0001), metastatic stage (HR 1.37; P=0.0004), emergency admission (HR 1.20; P=0.0390), discharge to hospice (HR 2.57; P&lt;0.0001), lung cancers (HR 1.51; P=0.0044), and metastatic disease (HR 1.37; P=0.0004) were associated with poorer overall survival. Sodium level at admission was not a significant predictor of overall survival from hospital admission. In patients with metastatic disease, increase in sodium from admission to discharge was associated with improved overall survival from hospital discharge.

Conclusions
Correcting hyponatremia in hospitalized patients with metastatic cancer increases overall survival but metastatic cancer in itself is also associated with poor survival. This highlights the importance of early palliative care involvement in patients with advanced cancer.
Immunonutrition to improve the quality of life of upper gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery (NEOIMMUNE): double-blind randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Markar Sheraz , Mariette Christophe , Bonnetain Frank , Lundell Lars , Rosati Riccardo , de Manzoni Giovanni , Bonavina Luigi , Tucker Olga , Plum Patrick , D’Journo Xavier Benoit , Van Daele Daniel , Cogill Geoff , Santi Stefano , Farran Leandres , Iranzo Vega , Pera Manuel , Veziant Julie , Piessen Guillaume 
Published: January 2025

Summary

Background
Malnutrition is common with esophagogastric cancers and is associated with negative outcomes. We aimed to evaluate if immunonutrition during neoadjuvant treatment improves patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and reduces postoperative morbidity and toxicities during neoadjuvant treatment.

Methods
A multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken. Included patients had untreated nonmetastatic esophagogastric tumor, aged 18 ≥ years with a life expectancy of &gt;3 months. The study was powered for 80% power to detect a clinically relevant difference in EORTC-QLQC30 with standard deviation of 15 between groups. Primary end point was the quality of life as measured by the global health status at 30 days after surgery. An intention-to-treat analysis was employed.

Results
The study was terminated at the interim analysis stage. About 300 patients were randomized: 149 to the IMPACT group and 151 to the control-formula group. Patient groups were well-balanced in terms of age, sex, body mass index, WHO performance status, and clinical tumor stage. Analysis of the primary end point for the study of global health status at 30-day postoperatively failed to show any significant differences between the groups (55.4 ± 18.6 [IMPACT] vs. 55.9 ± 19.8 [control]; P = 0.345). No significant differences between the groups were detected in the majority of domains from EORTC QLQC30 and OG25 tools after neoadjuvant therapy and 30 days postoperatively. Finally, no significant differences were seen between groups in neoadjuvant therapy or postoperative complications, or tumor response.

Conclusion
The results of this multicenter double-blind RCT fail to demonstrate any HRQOL benefits to the utilization of immunonutrition during neoadjuvant therapy in patients with esophagogastric cancer.
Aspirin vs. clopidogrel monotherapy beyond 1 month after complex percutaneous coronary intervention: a pre-specified subgroup analysis of the STOPDAPT-3 trial
Authors: Domei Takenori , Yamamoto Ko , Natsuaki Masahiro , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Morimoto Takeshi , Obayashi Yuki , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kimura Tomoya , Ando Kenji , Suwa Satoru , Isawa Tsuyoshi , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Tamura Toshihiro , Kawahatsu Kando , Hayashi Fujio , Abe Mitsuru , Serikawa Takeshi , Mori Hiroyoshi , Kawamura Takayuki , Hagikura Arata , Shibata Naoki , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
There were no previous studies comparing aspirin vs. P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy following short dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
We conducted a pre-specified subgroup analysis based on complex PCI in the 1-year results of the STOPDAPT-3 (ShorT and OPtimal Duration of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy-3) trial, which randomly compared 1-month DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy (aspirin group) with 1-month prasugrel monotherapy followed by clopidogrel monotherapy (clopidogrel group). The main analysis in the present study was the 30-day landmark analysis. The co-primary endpoints were cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, or stroke) and major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5). In the 30-day landmark analysis (N = 5833), there were 1415 patients (24.3%) who underwent complex PCI. There was a significant interaction between complex PCI and the effect of the aspirin group relative to the clopidogrel group for cardiovascular events (complex PCI: 3.3% vs. 5.2%, non-complex PCI: 4.3% vs. 3.6%, interaction P = 0.04) and net adverse clinical events (complex PCI: 4.8% vs. 7.2%, non-complex PCI: 5.3% vs. 4.4%, interaction P = 0.02), but not for bleeding events (complex PCI: 2.1% vs. 2.7%, non-complex PCI: 1.7% vs. 1.4%, interaction P = 0.35).

Conclusions
There was a significant interaction between complex PCI and the effect of aspirin monotherapy relative to clopidogrel monotherapy beyond 1 month and up to 1 year for cardiovascular events due to numerically lower risk of aspirin monotherapy in patients with complex PCI, while the effect of aspirin monotherapy relative to clopidogrel monotherapy was not different for bleeding regardless of complex PCI.

Clinical trial registration
ShorT and OPtimal duration of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy after everolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium stent-3 [STOPDAPT-3]; NCT04609111.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of rheumatic mitral valve disease: the EURObservational Research Programme Valvular Heart Disease II Survey
Authors: Abdelhamid Magdy , Abdel Meged Amir M , Prendergast Bernard , Calvo-Iglesias Francisco E , Taha Salma M , Kazamel Ghada A , Abdrabou Mostafa M , El Sayed Maiy H , Kylmala Minna M , Irtyuga Olga B , Vahanian Alec S , Iung Bernard , Laroche Cécile 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Rheumatic heart disease is the commonest acquired cardiovascular disease worldwide. About 20 years have elapsed since the original Euro Heart Survey on valvular heart disease (VHD) was conducted with multiple changes in practice due to advances in treatment techniques. In this study, we aimed to analyse the management of patients with severe native valve disease or those with previous valvular intervention in comparison with existing European Society of Cardiology guidelines.

Methods
The European Society of Cardiology VHD II registry is an international, prospective, longitudinal multicentre, observational study, which was conducted in 222 centres. The registry included patients with severe native VHD or with previous valvular intervention. Follow-up was undertaken at 6 months at the investigating centre or by telephone.

Results
Amongst patients recruited in the European Society of Cardiology VHD II registry, 470 had severe rheumatic mitral valve disease and 332 had previous rheumatic mitral valve intervention. Amongst the patients with Class I recommendation for intervention, it was undertaken in only 70%. Adherence to guideline recommendations was more in patients with native VHD than in those with previous intervention. Total mortality was 1.5% in hospital and 3.5% at 6 months follow-up. Independent predictors of death at 6 months were age, chronic pulmonary disease, New York Heart Association Classes III and IV at presentation, liver dysfunction, and previous myocardial infarction.

Conclusions
Compliance with guideline recommendations for intervention is poor overall in patients with rheumatic valve disease. Concerted educational efforts are needed to improve the management of this vulnerable patient cohort.
Minimal extra-cardiac atherosclerosis present in young people with sudden cardiac death due to coronary artery disease
Authors: Paratz Elizabeth D , Fahy Louise , Nehme Ziad , Pflaumer Andreas , Stub Dion , La Gerche Andre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to define the association between severe coronary artery disease and widespread atherosclerosis in younger individuals.

Methods and results
Individuals aged 1–50 years with sudden cardiac death (SCD) from 2019 to 2023, autopsy proven to be due to coronary artery disease, were identified using the state-wide EndUCD registry. The presence of extra-coronary atherosclerosis greater than modified American Heart Association Class III was assessed in five arterial beds (intra-cerebral vessels, aorta, and carotid, renal, and femoral arteries). A total of 3044 individuals experienced SCD; 356 were due to coronary artery disease and 64 (18.0%) had extra-coronary plaque. Plaque was identified in aorta (61/356 patients, 17.1%), carotid arteries (9/356, 2.5%), iliofemoral arteries (11/356, 3.1%), intracerebral arteries (4/153, 2.6%), and renal arteries (6/356 patients, 1.7%). The only feature associated with extra-coronary plaque was older age (median 47.8 vs. 44.4 years, P = 0.0002). Patients with extra-coronary plaque had higher rates of cardiomegaly (67.2% vs. 50.7%, P = 0.022), cardiac fibrosis indicative of previous myocardial infarction (45.3% vs. 31.2%, P = 0.030), and multi-vessel coronary disease (72.6% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.014).

Conclusion
Fewer than one in five people aged 1–50 years experiencing SCD from a coronary cause exhibit extra-coronary plaque, suggesting that in young people, severe atherosclerosis is not necessarily a systemic disease. This limits the utility of screening for carotid or aortic plaque to predict coronary atherosclerosis on an individual level. Individuals with extra-coronary plaque were older with more established coronary disease.
A timescale for the evolutionary history of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)
Authors: Nava Morena , Álvarez-Carretero Sandra , Garwood Russell J , Donoghue Philip C J , Sabroux Romain , Pisani Davide 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) are an ancient lineage of chelicerates represented by a single living order, Pantopoda, and a patchy fossil record that provides limited information of their evolutionary timescale. The sudden appearance of Pantopoda in the Middle Jurassic has led several authors to propose a recent (Early Jurassic) origin and rapid diversification of modern pycnogonids. In contrast, a recent molecular clock study suggested Pantopoda originated before the Devonian, and diversified slowly, though the calibrations on which it was based have since been revised. Here, we conduct timetree inference analyses using a set of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes, 18S rRNA sequences and 98 Ultra Conserved Elements from 198 pycnogonid taxa, with calibrations reflecting the most recent interpretations of the sea spider fossil record. Our analyses estimate that pycnogonids diverged from other arthropods during the Cambrian (539-510 Ma), indicating about 100 Myr between Pycnogonida origin and pantopod diversification. The pycnogonid crown group (=Pantopoda) diversified during the Late Palaeozoic, in an interval spanning the Early Silurian and the Late Devonian (435-367 Ma), preceding the appearance of the first pantopod fossil by ~206.5 Myr. Our analysis also implies that pantopod families originated between the Late Devonian and the Late Jurassic (378-154 Ma). This leads to very different estimates to previous studies based on the fossil record. However, previous molecular divergence time analyses yielded a similar evolutionary timescale, despite a notably different set of calibrations. This effective corroboration of previous evidence indicates that the underpinning molecular evidence is informative and that the inferred long ghost lineages faithfully reflect the patchy nature of the pycnogonid fossil record which results from their low fossilisation potential. Regardless, our results predict further fossil discoveries from different environments and periods, which might at least partially rewrite pycnogonid history.
Shrouded in Secrecy: Explaining Why Some Countries Refuse to Disclose Their Military Aid to Ukraine
Authors: Ghincea Marius 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research note examines the communication strategies employed by Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in disclosing or withholding information about their military aid to Ukraine following the Russian invasion. Using a comparative case study design, this research note analyzes the contrasting approaches of Romania and Poland. It explores three competing explanations for the secrecy or transparency surrounding military aid: domestic backlash avoidance, external security considerations, and bureaucratic culture. The findings reveal that electoral incentives drove both Romania's secrecy and Poland's transparency. This research note makes an empirical contribution to the understanding of foreign policy secrecy and the politics of military assistance in international relations, highlighting how political leaders may rely on secrecy to prevent the politicization of military aid.
Mapping organism-wide single cell mRNA expression linked to extracellular vesicle biogenesis, secretion and cargo
Authors: LaRocca Thomas J , Lark Daniel S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are functional lipid-bound nanoparticles trafficked between cells and found in every biofluid. It is widely claimed that EVs can be secreted by every cell, but the quantity and composition of these EVs can differ greatly among cell types and tissues. Defining this heterogeneity has broad implications for EV-based communication in health and disease. Recent discoveries have linked single-cell EV secretion to the expression of genes encoding EV machinery and cargo. To gain insight at single-cell resolution across an entire organism, we compared the abundance, variance and co-expression of 67 genes involved in EV biogenesis and secretion, or carried as cargo, across &gt;44,000 cells obtained from 117 cell populations in the Tabula Muris.
A generalized structured coalescent for purifying selection without recombination
Authors: Strütt Stefan , Excoffier Laurent , Peischl Stephan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purifying selection is a critical factor in shaping genetic diversity. Current theoretical models mostly address scenarios of either very weak or strong selection, leaving a significant gap in our knowledge. The effects of purifying selection on patterns of genomic diversity remain poorly understood when selection against deleterious mutations is weak to moderate, particularly when recombination is limited or absent. In this study, we extend an existing approach, the fitness-class coalescent, to incorporate arbitrary levels of purifying selection in haploid populations. This model offers a comprehensive framework for exploring the influence of purifying selection in a wide range of demographic scenarios. Moreover, our research reveals potential sources of qualitative and quantitative biases in demographic inference, highlighting the significant risk of attributing genetic patterns to past demographic events rather than purifying selection. This work expands our understanding of the complex interplay between selection, drift, and population dynamics, and how purifying selection distorts demographic inference.
Gender and educational trends in lifetime risk, age at onset, expectancy, and survival with cardiovascular disease in Finland, 1996-2020
Authors: Sharma Shubhankar , Martikainen Pekka , Myrskyla Mikko , Tarkiainen Lasse , Suulamo Ulla 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. Examining trends in CVD burden and associated sociodemographic disparities can contribute to tailoring policies that promote cardiovascular health and narrow health disparities. However, existing studies predominantly focus only on mortality. Therefore, we provide a more comprehensive understanding of CVD trends by studying the diverse aspects of CVD burden: lifetime risk, onset age, CVD-free and CVD life expectancy, and survival with CVD. We focus on the overall Finnish population in 1996-2020, as well as gender and educational disparities.

Methods
We use sociodemographic information from individual-level population registers, which are linked to hospital discharge and Death Registers, on the entire Finnish population aged 40-100 years in five five-year periods in 1996–2020 (N=2,796,732–3,273,232). We employed multistate models to derive the study metrics.

Results
Overall, CVD’s lifetime risk stabilizes at 72% following a rise, with onset age and CVD-free life expectancy increased by 3 years. Although men bear a higher CVD burden, they experience a greater increase in onset age and CVD-free expectancy than women. Educational disparities in CVD-free expectancy persist, exceeding 3.5 years for men and women. Furthermore, survival with CVD has extended by 2.8 years but educational disparities widen.

Discussion
Despite the encouraging CVD trends in the overall population and progress in narrowing gender disparities, there remains considerable room for further improvement. Persistent educational disparities in CVD burden underscore the need for more effective interventions to address enduring inequalities.