bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychologists' perceptions of their duty to protect uninformed sex partners of HIV‐positive clients‡
Authors: Simone Simone J. , Fulero Solomon M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether mental health professionals would breach the confidentiality of HIV‐infected patients with uninformed sex partners, and how any such disclosure would occur. Subjects read one of eight vignettes that depicted a patient who refused to disclose his viral status. Results revealed a split of opinion about breaching confidentiality and about the preferred mode for doing so. Neither diagnosis nor mode of viral transmission significantly influenced breaching decisions. Subjects demonstrated a high level of AIDS risk knowledge but only a moderate level of legal/ethical knowledge. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple real‐time process control experiment using serial communication
Authors: Neitzel Ivo , Lenzi Marcelo Kaminski 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMicrocomputers introduced process control to a new era. A simple and didactic experiment, used to control the temperature of an equipment, is described. Features of this experiment include the use of two computers connected by serial ports and allowing students to build the controller and to disturb the process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 101–104, 2001
The development and assessment of multimedia software for improving 3‐D spatial visualization skills
Authors: Gerson Helena B. P. , Sorby Sheryl A. , Wysocki Anne , Baartmans Beverly J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWell‐developed 3‐D spatial skills are critical to success in a number of scientific and technical careers. This is particularly true for engineers who generally communicate by graphical means. In the fall of 1992, Baartmans and Sorby received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to develop a course and the course materials for the improvement of 3‐D spatial visualization skills for engineering students. In January of 1998, Sorby and Baartmans along with a third PI, Wysocki, received additional funding from the NSF to develop multimedia software and a workbook for the improvement of 3‐D spatial visualization skills for engineering students. The multimedia software has been developed in modular form, and there are nine total modules currently available. This article presents the development of the multimedia software and assessment results from its use in special courses designed to improve spatial skills. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 105–113, 2001
Web‐based learning environment for a communications module
Authors: Al‐Nuaimy Waleed , Zhang Jinghua , Noble Alan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTeaching and learning in higher education has recently been transformed by the development and affordability of fast microcomputers and the accessibility of the World Wide Web. The potential to utilise the Web to enhance students' learning has been recognised, and to this end a pilot web‐based system has been developed as an online interactive resource for the teaching and learning of an undergraduate module on Communications within the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics. The system comprises course note material, interactive tutorial demonstrations, an interactive self‐assessment system, and a facility for asynchronous group interaction. These materials are intended to complement the traditional taught element of the module, and will support new student‐centred delivery methods being implemented within the University of Liverpool. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 114–121, 2001
Exploration of structural stability: A computer implementation
Authors: Webster E. M. , Archer Graham C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the education of structural stability is viewed from the perspective of a range of analysis techniques emphasizing the exploratory nature of not only instability phenomenon, but also engineering problems, in general. The purpose of this research was to develop a computational‐based educational platform upon which to perform “experimental” tests. Three aspects of this work are discussed: the philosophy of the platform, the design concepts behind its implementation, and the programme itself. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 122–135, 2001
An interactive 1D Matlab FDTD code for education
Authors: Glisson Allen W. , Elsherbeni Atef Z. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a 1D Matlab finite difference time‐domain (FDTD) code with a graphical user interface for visualization of the time‐domain electromagnetic response. The program animates time‐domain reflection and transmission of a Gaussian plane wave through one or two homogeneous material slabs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 136–147, 2001
Talking normalization: the role of communication in integration
Authors: Bradshaw Jill , Carnaby Steven 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDeinstitutionalization has generally had a positive impact on the lives of people with learning disabilities, although provision of appropriate and individualized support in the community has proved difficult. Communication is often seen in isolation, its role within integration passing unacknowledged. This paper suggests an integrated framework around individual needs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political ideology, helping mechanisms and empowerment of mental health self‐help/mutual aid groups
Authors: Hatzidimitriadou Eleni 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSelf‐help/mutual aid groups share common attributes such as they are peer‐led, address a common problem or condition, have a voluntary character and little or no connection with professionals. However, these groups may vary according to their political ideology and focus on personal or/and societal change. This study examines the role of political ideology of self‐help/mutual aid groups and differences in psychosocial characteristics of group members.Fourteen mental health self‐help/mutual aid groups in England were studied. On the basis of stated aims and principles and following semi‐structured interviews with group leaders (facilitators/chairpersons), these were classified according to Emerick's typology as conservative (eight groups), combined (three groups), and radical (three groups). Group members (n = 67) completed questionnaires to assess personal empowerment, mental wellbeing, social networks and support, group identification and helping processes in the groups.Findings suggested that all self‐help group members experienced a large number of naturally occurring helping process and felt empowered whilst they shared limited social networks and support and marginal mental wellbeing. Different ideological types of self‐help groups may be related to specific helping processes and particular aspects of personal empowerment. Specifically, members of conservative and combined groups reported more expressive group processes like sharing of feelings and self‐disclosure, while radical group members reported more optimism/control over their lives. Furthermore, group identification was associated with specific helping processes and aspects of personal empowerment in the three group categories. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethical and social dilemmas in community‐based controlled trials in situations of poverty: a view from a South African project
Authors: Nama Nosisana , Swartz Leslie 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAll psychological and social research presents ethical dilemmas, many of which centre around the difficulties which flow from the power imbalances between those conducting the research and the research respondents or participants. Issues of power are magnified in research undertaken in contexts of poverty, and there is a burgeoning literature on ethical issues in research in developing countries. In this article, we augment the existing literature by focusing on the experiences of an assessor working in a controlled trial of a mother–infant intervention in a poor South African community. We consider issues of community expectations, the presentation to our project of physical health problems, the issue of HIV/AIDS, cultural beliefs which impact on the research, child protection issues, and the tensions between research assessment and ubuntu—a cultural norm which requires helpful engagement with others. We suggest that our experiences may assist with the development of further research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representations of handguns by young adults in the US and UK
Authors: Puddifoot John E. , Cooke Claire A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe representation of handguns by a sample of university students (n = 96) from one of the southern states of the US, was contrasted with that of a sample of university students in the UK (n = 100), employing ANOVA and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Exploring the structure of response, the findings showed little evidence for a common cross‐locational representation of handguns for the US and UK samples taken together. There was support for the existence of distinctive locational representations, some support for gender‐specific representations, and strong support for representations of handguns according to particular combinations of locality and gender. Representations of handguns by US males from the southern states were the most distinctive, complex and integrated in structure, bringing into question simplistic assumptions concerning the nature of an alleged ‘southern sub‐culture of violence’ or of a more general ‘gun culture’. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roles of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and phospholipase D in temporal activation of superoxide production in FMLP‐stimulated human neutrophils
Authors: Yasui Kozo , Komiyama Atsushi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo determine the temporal roles of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐kinase) and phospholipase D (PLD) during human neutrophil activation stimulated by a chemotactic peptide, we examined the kinetics of these enzymes and related them to a neutrophil function (superoxide production). Both wortmannin and 2‐(4‐morpholinyl)‐8‐phenyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (LY294002), potent and specific inhibitors of PI3‐kinase, inhibit PI3‐kinase activity in human neutrophils and significantly inhibit superoxide production from the early phase. Ethanol has no effect on PI3‐kinase and markedly inhibits superoxide production at the late phase. Although these agents are inhibitory to different degrees, when neutrophils are simultaneously treated with ethanol and PI3‐kinase inhibitors, superoxide is not produced. These results suggest that PI3‐kinase and PLD play a pivotal role in the signal transduction pathway of the chemo‐attractant‐receptor involved neutrophil activation. These enzymes produce second messengers which are required for subsequent superoxide production in human neutrophils. NADPH oxidase is activated in a PI3‐kinase‐dependent manner at the early phase, and PLD activity follows it and is related to superoxide production at the late phase in human neutrophils by stimulation with FMLP. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pancreatic fate of D‐[3H] mannoheptulose
Authors: Malaisse Willy J. , Doherty Margaret , Kadiata Marcel M. , Ladriere Laurence , Malaisse‐Lagae Francine 
Published: September 2002

AbstractD‐Mannoheptulose was recently postulated to be transported into cells by GLUT2. The validity of such an hypothesis was assessed by comparing the uptake of tritiated D‐mannoheptulose by pancreatic islets versus pieces of pancreas and, in the latter case, by comparing results obtained in control rats versus animals injected with streptozotocin (STZ). The uptake of D‐[3H] mannoheptulose by islets represents a time‐related and temperature‐sensitive process, inhibited by cytochalasin B and enhanced by D‐glucose. The uptake of the tritiated heptose was much lower in pieces of pancreatic tissue and inhibited by D‐glucose, at least in the STZ rats. Whether in pieces of pancreas exposed in vitro to D‐[3H] mannoheptulose or after intravenous injection of the tritiated heptose, the radioactive content of the pancreatic tissue was lower in STZ rats than in control animals. This contrasted with an unaltered radioactive content of liver and muscle in the STZ rats, at least when treated with insulin. Suitably radiolabelled D‐mannoheptulose or an analogue of the heptose could thus conceivably be used for quantification of the endocrine pancreatic mass. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug metabolic activity of cultured hepatocytes can synchronize with bile acid concentration in the medium
Authors: Sugihara Nobuhiro , Ise Hirohiko , Negishi Naoki , Nikaido Toshio , Akaike Toshihiro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe regulation of drug metabolic activity of cultured hepatocytes can be applied to the evaluation of pharmacokinetics, analysis of drug delivery and the bioartificial liver system. It is very difficult to maintain the drug metabolic activity mediated by cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) 3A. Recently we found that the CYP3A aminopyrine N‐demethylase (AMND) activity of hepatocytes cultured on collagen surface oscillated with culture time. This phenomenon was related to the concentration of bile acid in the culture medium. CYP3A, multidrug resistant gene 2 (MDR2) and heat shock protein 84 (HSP84) mRNA appeared in a manner corresponding to this oscillation. When a large quantity of bile acid was taken up into hepatocytes from the medium, low AMND activity was observed, and these proteins did not appear. When bile acid was secreted and the bile acid concentration inside the hepatocytes was low, high AMND activity was obtained, and these proteins appeared. In order to clarify the mechanism of oscillation between AMND activity and bile acid, 8 μM glycocholic acid was added to the culture medium 15 h before the measurement. No oscillation in AMND activity was observed in the presence of 8 μM glycocholic acid. Bile acid controls the AMND activity in the transcription of hepatocytes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The difference in the stimulation by putrescine of DNA synthesis using DNA polymerase extracts of normal rat liver or of tumour tissue or host liver from tumour‐bearing rats
Authors: Taguchi Takahiko , Kurata Sumiko , Ohashi Mochihiko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPutrescine biosynthesis is elevated before DNA replication, and a stimulation of DNA synthesis by 20 mM putrescine has been found using an in vitro DNA synthesizing system. Furthermore, this stimulation of DNA synthesis by putrescine involves a particular factor (factor PA). This factor PA stimulates DNA polymerases α, β, and γ, and is present in nuclei and mitochondria but not in cytoplasm. Factor PA loses about 80% of its activity by heating at 45°C for 15 min or by hydrolysis with 100 mg ml−1 Enzygel trypsin. These properties indicate that factor PA is a protein. Its size is estimated to be about 2.1 S. DNA synthesis in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA polymerase extracts from tumour tissues and host livers of tumour‐bearing rats are not stimulated by 20 mM putrescine. However, the addition of excess factor PA to DNA synthesizing systems using DNA polymerase extracts from proliferative tissues again results in a stimulation of DNA synthesis by exogenous putrescine. These findings indicate that the stimulatory effect of DNA synthesis in vitro by exogenous putrescine is controlled by the ratio between factor PA and endogenously synthesized putrescine in proliferative tissues or that sent by the bloodstream from proliferative tissues. These results suggest that a non‐stimulatory effect of putrescine on DNA synthesis may be diagnostic in tumour‐bearing patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sub‐lethal concentrations of activated complement increase rat lymphocyte glutamine utilization and oxidation while lethal concentrations cause death by a mechanism involving ATP depletion
Authors: Bacurau R.F.P. , O'Toole C.E. , Newsholme P. , Costa Rosa L.F.B.P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNucleated cells are more resistant to complement‐mediated cell death than anucleated cells such as erythrocytes. There are few reports concerning the metabolic response of nucleated cells subjected to sub‐lethal complement attack. It is possible that the rate of utilization of specific metabolic fuels by the cell is increased to enhance cell defence. We have measured the maximum activity of hexokinase, citrate synthase, glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and glutaminase in rat mesenteric lymphocytes exposed to sub‐lethal concentrations of activated complement (present in zymosan‐activated serum, ZAS). These enzymes were carefully selected as they indicate changes of flux in glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and glutaminolysis, respectively. The only enzyme activity to change on exposure of lymphocytes to ZAS was glutaminase, which was enhanced approximately by two‐fold. Although rates of both glutamine and glucose utilization were enhanced by exposure to ZAS, only the rate of oxidation of glutamine was increased. Complement kills anucleated cells by simple osmotic lysis. However, it is likely that some nucleated cells will display characteristics of an ordered death mechanism and we have demonstrated that the concentration of lymphocyte ATP is dramatically decreased by activated complement. Nevertheless, the extent of cell death could be significantly reduced by the addition of inhibitors of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). We conclude that glutamine metabolism is not only important for lymphocyte proliferative responses but is also important for cell defence from sub‐lethal concentrations of activated complement. The rapid rate of complement‐induced lymphocyte death reported here is suggested to be a consequence of over‐activation of the nuclear enzyme PARP and ATP depletion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glyceraldehyde metabolism in human erythrocytes in comparison with that of glucose and dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Taguchi Tadao , Murase Shigeki , Miwa Ichitomo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMetabolism of D‐glyceraldehyde in human erythrocytes in comparison with that of glucose and dihydroxyacetone was studied. Both trioses were metabolized to produce L‐lactate at rates comparable to that of L‐lactate formation from glucose. Almost complete inactivation of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase by treatment of cells with iodoacetate resulted in a 95% decrease in L‐lactate formation from the ketotriose as well as from glucose, whereas L‐lactate formation from the aldotriose was only partially reduced (60%). D‐Lactate was produced faster from either the aldotriose or the ketotriose than from glucose, but the ability of the two trioses to produce D‐lactate was far lower than that to produce L‐lactate. Almost complete inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram and of both aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase II by sorbinil, had no effect on L‐lactate formation from D‐glyceraldehyde. The present study suggests that D‐glyceraldehyde is metabolized via two or more pathways including the glycolytic pathway after its phosphorylation by triokinase, and that neither oxidation to D‐glyceric acid nor reduction to glycerol is a prerequisite for D‐glyceraldehyde metabolism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis induction by S‐allylcysteine, a garlic constituent, during 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis
Authors: Balasenthil S. , Rao K. S. , Nagini S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe apoptosis‐inducing capacity of S‐allylcysteine (SAC), a water‐soluble garlic constituent, during 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis was investigated in male Syrian hamsters using DNA fragmentation and the apoptosis‐associated proteins, tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and Bcl‐2. Hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals each. Animals in group 1 were painted with a 0.5% solution of DMBA in liquid paraffin on the right buccal pouches three times a week for 14 weeks. Group 2 animals painted with DMBA as in group 1, in addition received 200 mg kg−1 body weight SAC orally on days alternate to DMBA application. Group 3 animals received SAC as in group 2. Group 4 animals received neither DMBA nor SAC and served as the control. The experiment was terminated at the end of 14 weeks. Administration of SAC (200 mg kg−1 body weight) to animals painted with DMBA inhibited DMBA‐induced HBP carcinogenesis as revealed by the absence of neoplasms, induction of tTG and inhibition of Bcl‐2 expression. The results of the present study suggest that SAC may exert its chemopreventive effect by inducing apoptosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aldosterone impairs insulin responsiveness in U‐937 human promonocytic cells via the downregulation of its own receptor
Authors: Campión J. , Maestro B. , Molero S. , Dávila N. , Carranza M.C. , Calle C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn an earlier study, we have reported an inhibition of insulin receptor (IR) mRNA levels and insulin binding by aldosterone in U‐937 human promonocytic cells. In the present extension of our studies, we demonstrate that this inhibition by aldosterone had no effects on basal glucose transport or on basal thymidine incorporation into DNA, while the cell responsiveness reflected by the maximal response to insulin was decreased by 23% for glucose transport and by 31% for DNA synthesis after the aldosterone treatment. We also prove that this inhibition of the insulin response by aldosterone is mediated by a downregulation of the levels of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) (50% decrease) and their mRNA (50% decrease). In addition, the mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone reversed the decrease in MR mRNA levels elicited by aldosterone, which suggests the involvement of this receptor in the process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of distal embolization following the treatment of late stent occlusion
Authors: Baker C.S.R. , Rothman Martin T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe report the use of the AngioGard system in the treatment of acute, late in‐stent occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery. This case shows that late stent occlusion can in part be due to in‐stent thrombosis and the use of an embolization protection device should be considered in this context. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:250–252. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter treatment of muscular ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valvar stenosis in an infant
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Carminati Mario , De Luca Francesco , Chessa Massimo , Bini Margherita Roberta 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn 11‐month‐old, 8 kg girl with muscular ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valvar stenosis had successful transcatheter treatment of both anomalies. The stenotic pulmonary valve was dilated first by balloon catheter, then the VSD was approached and closed using a 6 mm Amplatzer VSD occluder device. Due to technological improvements, transcatheter techniques are more and more the procedure of choice in a larger number of congenital heart diseases in younger and younger patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:212–216. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeated intracoronary beta radiation for recurrent in‐stent restenosis
Authors: De Benedetti Edoardo , Latchem Donald , Roguelov Christian , Coucke Philippe , Seydoux Charles , Goy Jean‐Jacques , Urban Philip , Eeckhout Eric 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMore than 70% of percutaneous coronary interventions are followed by a stent implantation. In‐stent restenosis still occurs in 20‐30% of patients and remains a therapeutic challenge. At present only vascular brachytherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment option. We report here one case of recurrent in‐stent restenosis after vascular brachytherapy that was successfully treated by a second beta radiation treatment. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:233–236. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.