bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
إشكالية الاختزال في علم البيولوجيا في عصر ما بعد الجينوم
Authors: الغراسي كوكب محمد علي  
Published: January 2025

تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية إلى تقديم تفسير فلسفي وعلمي لما يعنيه فلاسفة البيولوجيا وعلماؤها عندما يتحدثون ويجادلون حول الاختزالية وحدودها، وعدم كفاية تفسير سلوك الأنظمة البيولوجية المعقدة، فقد تركزت مناقشات علماء البيولوجيا في الوقت الحاضر على الاختزال التفسيري والمنهجي الجزيئي أي الاختزالية التفسيرية الجزيئية التي تتركز حول ما إذا كان من الممكن اختزال جميع التفسيرات البيولوجية إلى تفسيرات جزئية جينية أو إلى تفسيرات خصائص المستوى الأدنى للنظام.
فقد اتضح أن الأمور أكثر تعقيدًا، فالعلاقة بين الجينات والصفات المظهرية أكثر تعقيدًا مما توحي به الصورة الاختزالية الجزئية، إضافة إلى ذلك، فإن سلوك الأنظمة المعقدة متعددة المستويات لا يمكن دراسته وتفسيره بشكل مثمر وكافٍ باستخدام أساليب التفسيرات الاختزالية الجزئية؛ لأن العوامل ذات المستوى الأعلى أو البيئية لا يمكن تجاهلها أو تبسيطها.
والرأي السائد في علوم البيولوجيا لتجاوز الاختزالية، هو أن وصف سلوكيات الأنظمة البيولوجية المعقدة وتفسيرها يتطلب الجمع بين البيانات الكمية الجزئية والنماذج النظرية المفاهيمية السببية.
Aprendizaje autónomo desde los entornos personales en estudiantes post pandemia, 2023
Authors: Aldana Bravo Gissela del Pilar , Huamán Malca Wilmer Amado , Camones Gonzales Fernando Cesar , Terrones-Garcia Jose Luis 
Published: January 2025

En la actualidad, el aprovechamiento de las posibilidades de Internet constituye un recurso fundamental para la expansión de oportunidades educativas. Es así, que la investigación se centra en entender y analizar la construcción de aprendizajes autónomos en entornos personales de los estudiantes, considerando el contexto postpandemia. Se busca definir conceptos, analizar factores que influyen en esto y entender las implicaciones para los aprendizajes autónomos. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de nivel exploratorio y tipo básica. Se considera una investigación fenomenológica – hermenéutica. Se realizó como técnica de recolección de datos la entrevista semiestructurada a una muestra de 5 expertos en el tema. El estudio arrojó que el aprendizaje autónomo post-pandemia depende de un enfoque integrado que atienda aspectos individuales, socioemocionales, éticos, de equidad y la privacidad de sus datos, asegurando que todos los estudiantes tengan acceso a los recursos y apoyos necesarios para un aprendizaje efectivo en un mundo digital.
Ageing at work: impact and consequences – a scoping review
Authors: Alves Sara Brás , Magalhães Carlos , Fernandes Adília , Vaz Josiana , Pereira Ana , Monteiro Miguel , Fernandes Helder 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Ageism, characterised by discriminatory attitudes towards older individuals based on negative stereotypes, is present in various aspects of society, including workplaces, public spaces, and healthcare settings, influencing the psychological well-being of the ones affected. Particularly in the workplace, ageism poses significant challenges for older workers, affecting their productivity and job satisfaction. As the workforce continues to age globally, it’s becoming increasingly important to address the consequences of ageism on psychological health. Methods: A scoping review to map the evidence concerning the impact of ageism on the psychological state and well-being of older workers. Following the JBI methodological recommendations, search was realized from March to April 2024, using PubMed, MedLine and CINAHL databases as well as grey literature to identify relevant articles. Studies in which the participants were older adults, focusing on the influence of aging on psychological well-being within occupational contexts. Were included studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese developed in the last 10 years. From 38 citations initially retrieved, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Articles highlight prevailing stereotypes that influence treatment in the workplace, resulting in discriminatory practices and behaviour towards older workers. Workplace ageism has significant psychological consequences, leading to negative perceptions of aging and increasing aging anxiety among older workers and harmful health behaviours, stress, depressive symptoms, and long-term illness affecting job satisfaction and retirement intentions. Conclusion: Addressing ageism in occupational settings is crucial to promote well-being and productivity of older workers and create inclusive work environments favourable to successful aging.
Strategi Balai Karantina Pertanian Tanjungpinang Dalam Meningkatkan Potensi Ekspor Karet Bintan
Authors: Sinta  , Eliza Clara , Rusfatiha Shalsiana 
Published: January 2025

Dari sekian banyak komoditas ekspor Indonesia di sektor perkebunan, salah satu yang menjadi unggulan adalah karet alam. Permintaan global terhadap karet alam terus meningkat, seiring dengan penggunaannya yang luas dalam berbagai produk industri dan rumah tangga. Indonesia, sebagai negara dengan luas perkebunan karet terluas di dunia, masih menghadapi tantangan dalam produktivitas, yang tertinggal dibandingkan dengan Thailand dan Malaysia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, yang merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil karet untuk ekspor. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi upaya yang dilakukan oleh Balai Karantina Pertanian Tanjungpinang dalam meningkatkan ekspor karet dari Bintan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Sumber data mencakup dokumen resmi dari Balai Karantina Pertanian, laporan tahunan, serta wawancara dengan petani karet dan pihak terkait lainnya. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran tentang strategi dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pengelolaan dan ekspor karet, serta rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan daya saing produk karet Indonesia di pasar global.

Of the many Indonesian export commodities in the plantation sector, one of the leading ones is natural rubber. Global demand for natural rubber continues to increase, along with its widespread use in various industrial and household products. Indonesia, as the country with the largest rubber plantation area in the world, still faces challenges in productivity, which lags behind Thailand and Malaysia. This study focuses on Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province, which is one of the rubber producing areas for export. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efforts made by the Tanjungpinang Agricultural Quarantine Office in increasing rubber exports from Bintan. The research method used is a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques and direct observation in the field. Data sources include official documents from the Agricultural Quarantine Office, annual reports, and interviews with rubber farmers and other related parties. The results of the study are expected to provide an overview of the strategies and challenges faced in the management and export of rubber, as well as recommendations for increasing the competitiveness of Indonesian rubber products in the global market.
EFFICACY OF 40% GLYCOLIC ACID PEEL AND TOPICAL VITAMIN C CREAM VERSUS TRIPLE COMBINATION CREAM IN THE TREATMENT OF EPIDERMAL MELASMA
Authors: Bakhtiar Rabeeka , Idrees Nauman , Fahim Muhammad , Khattak Ghafoorullah , Kamal Kashif , Aslam Kalsoom 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 40% glycolic acid peel and topical vitamin c cream versus triple combination cream (Hydroquinone 4%,Tretinoin and Topical Steroids) in the management of epidermal melasma.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Dermatology department Hayatabad medical complex Peshawar from February 2021 to August 2021.
Material and Methods: Total 178 patients with epidermal melasma were allocated randomly into two groups by lottery method. Melasma was diagnosed with wood's lamp examination and having MASI score >10 were enrolled for the study.Group A patients were treated with 40% glycolic acid peel and topical vitamin c cream. Group B Patients were treated with triple combination cream alone. Results were assessed after 6 weeks by calculating the MASI score. Chi square test of statistics was employed to compare the efficacy in two groups. p value ? 0.05 was considered for significance of parameters.
Results: In both groups A and B, the number of enrolled female patients with melasma was more than males and mean age of presentation was between 28 to 42 years SD±. Group treated with 40%glycolic acid and topical vitamin c showed better results(94.38% vs 79.77%).
Conclusion: This study shows that treatment with 40% Glycolic acid peel and Topical vitamin c cream is more effective than triple combination cream therapy alone.
OUTCOME OF INDUCTION OF LABOR IN WOMEN WITH BREECH PRESENTATION
Authors: Qazi Qudsia , Shams Ghazala , Liaqat Nazia , Syed Wajeeha , Hussain Shahzadi Saima , Afridi Fauzia 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the success of induction of labor in breech presentation at term in terms of successful vaginal delivery.
Methodology: This descriptive case series was conducted out in Obstetrics department of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from April 2021-March 2022. We included all Para 1 - 5 having single alive fetus with frank or complete breech at term, visiting Gynecologic and Obstetrics department of institute, until required sample size is obtained. Ethical approval was obtained and proformas were filled regarding their characteristics.
Results: Our study included 50 women induced for breech presentation at term, 43 (86%) of them delivered via vaginal route and 7 (14%) by emergency cesarean section. Mode of delivery was not associated with age groups and parity. (p value > 0.05). Fetal distress was most common indication for cesarean section (42.9% of cesarean sections).
Conclusion: In carefully selected women with breech presentation Induction of labor (IOL) can yield encouraging results.
FORGOTTEN JJ STENTS WITH STONES FORMATION, SPONTANEOUS FRAGMENTATION, MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES IN A CASE SERIES
Authors: Rahman Aziz Ur , Khan Nouman , Khalil Asad , ALi Mian Naushad 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the complications of forgotten JJ stents and management of its successful removal by avoiding further complications.
Methods: 9 patients who experienced complications due to forgotten stents. Over the period from January 2015 to December 2020, a total of 36 patients sought medical attention at our hospital for the same issue. Patients with having JJ stents in situ for more than 6 months were considered. Data was collected after hospital ethics committee approval. All the patients were followed for 3 months and assessed for stone clearance and other complications.
Results: Nine patients were presented with complications of whom 6 patients were male and 3 were female. The mean age of the patients was 38.3 years. All the 9 patients needed PCNL for clearing the stones over the proximal coiled end of JJ stents. Two patients had retained pieces of broken stents, which were removed with semi rigid ureteroscope. Two patients needed Cystolitholapaxy for clearing the stone from the distal coiled end. Stones and fragmented pieces of stents were successfully cleared with no postoperative complications, the average hospital stay of the patients was 1.2 days.
Conclusion: In countries like Pakistan where resources are limited, mini PCNL is a good option to clear the stone and retrieve the stent or fragments of stents that are not accessible with semi rigid ureteroscope. Furthermore, it is crucial to provide comprehensive education and counseling to patients and maintain a stent register for reduction of such occurrence.
THE THE MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY AND DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ENTERIC FEVER
Authors: Iqbal Saleem , Wahab Abdul , Khan Bakht Samar , Abbas Ghulam , Iqbal Muhammad Darwesh 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Enteric fever (typhoid) is one of the most important and quite common bacterial infection in South Asia. About seven million people are affected each year in South Asia with about 75?000 deaths. Not only from Pakistan but also from the rest of the countries of Asia and throughout the world, increasing resistance of the organism is being reported, which we are also seeing in our day to day practice.
Objective: Objectives of this study were to determine the microbial sensitivity and drug resistance pattern of patients suffering from enteric fever
Material and methods: After getting approval from the hospital E&RC, all the patients above >14 years who presented with enteric fever, but had not used any antibiotics, were included in the study. Blood, collected from the patients, was sent for culture and sensitivity. All the data was collected on the purposefully predesigned performa.
Results: A total of 195 patients were included in the study, 66.2% were males and 34.9% were females. On sensitivity reports, 40.5% were resistant to ampicillin, 44.1% to carbapenem, 30.3% to co-trimoxazole, 48.7% to ciprofloxacin, 35.4% to cefixime, 35.9% to amikacin, 46.7% to ceftriaxone, 34.9% to polymyxin B, 49.2% to chloramphenicol and 55.4% to gentamicin.
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance against commonly used antibiotics is significantly high in our patients with enteric fever.
UNVEILING THE PATTERNS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: Khan Waqqas , Iqbal Muhammad , Tahir Imran , Khan Junaid Ahmad , Mahmood Afsheen , Zoofeen Ushna 
Published: January 2025

Coronary artery disease is the most prevalent form of heart disease. It along with its complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the world population. Coronary artery bypass grafting is done in significant (>50%) stenosis of all major coronary trunks and their branches. The burden of atrial fibrillation varies from one population to another among patients subjected to CABG.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Cardiovascular Surgery unit of a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar over six months. A total of 144 patients were observed. All patients underwent CABG surgery by the same cardiovascular surgeon. All patients were observed till ten days post operation through daily ECG to detect atrial fibrillation.
RESULTS:
A total of 144 patients were observed of which 33% of patients were in age 50-60 years and 67% patients were in age 61-75 years. The mean age was 63 years with SD ± 8.33. Sixty-nine percent of patients were male and 31% of patients were female. More than 17% of patients had atrial fibrillation while 83% of patients didn’t have atrial fibrillation.
CONCLUSION:
Our results show that 17% of patients developed atrial fibrillation following CABG surgery, emphasizing the importance of this arrhythmia throughout the recovery phase. A distinct age pattern was seen, with a significant proportion of atrial fibrillation instances found in individuals between 61 and 75 years old.
О понятии и признаках специального административно-правового режима
Authors: Харольский В.А. 
Published: January 2025

Термин «административно-правовой режим» является весьма распространенным в юридической науке. Тем не менее в настоящее время отсутствует общепринятое определение данной правовой категории. Статья посвящена рассмотрению признаков правового режима, а также существующих взглядов относительно категории «административно-правовой режим». Проанализированы точки зрения на содержание понятия общих, специальных и особых административно-правовых режимов. Автор констатирует, что условием применения специальных административно-правовых режимов следует признать наличие прямых или потенциальных угроз безопасности. В узком смысле такие режимы могут рассматриваться как средство обеспечения безопасности в критических ситуациях. Сформулировано определение специального административно-правового режима как определенного нормами административного права порядка взаимодействия органов публичной власти между собой, а также с гражданами и организациями, направленного на предупреждение и (или) пресечение угроз безопасности личности, общества и государства.
The term «administrative-legal regime» is quite common in legal science. However, there is currently no generally accepted definition of this legal category. The article is devoted to the consideration of the characteristics of the legal regime, as well as existing views on the category of «administrative-legal regime». The points of view on the content of the concept of general, special and special administrative-legal regimes are analyzed. The author states that the condition for the application of special administrative-legal regimes should be recognized as the presence of direct or potential threats to security. In a narrow sense, such regimes can be considered as a means of ensuring security in critical situations. The definition of a special administrative-legal regime is formulated as a procedure for interaction between public authorities, as well as with citizens and organizations, determined by the norms of administrative law, aimed at preventing and (or) suppressing threats to the security of an individual, society and the state.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF COBALT(II), NICKEL(II) AND COPPER (II) WITH 1-(2 PYRIDYLAZO)-2-NAPHTHOL IN MICELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Shar G. A. , Soomro G. A. 
Published: January 2025

Spectrophotometeric determination of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) is carried out with 1-(2 pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as a complexing reagent in aqueous phase using non-ionic surfactant Tween 80. Beerâ€™s law is obeyed for Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) over the range 0.5 - 4.0, 0.5 - 4.0 and 0.5 - 3.0 ngmL-1 with detection limit (2Ïƒ) ï€ of 6.7, 3.2 and 3.9 ngmL-1. The ï¬max molar absorption, molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) are 580 nm, 570 nm and 555 nm; ï¥ max ï‚´ (104 mol-1 cm -1) is 0.87, 1.8 and 1.6 and 6.8, 3.3 and 3.9 ng cm-2 respectively. The pH at which complex is formed for Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) is 5, 5.5 and 6.5 respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Tween 80 is 5%. The present method is compared with that of atomic absorption spectroscopy and no significant difference is noted between the two methods at 95% confidence level. The method has been applied to the determination of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) in industrial waste water and pharmaceutical samples
Cultural Heritage of Pakistan: Conservation Problems and Techniques for its Protection
Authors: Saeed T. 
Published: January 2025

Pakistan is one of the fortunate countries of the world which possesses earliest socio-political history that goes back to Paleolithic. Its continuation has been expected to the significant period of about 2 million old from today. The areas of this Paleolithic culture have been found in the Potohar (or Pothohar) plateau, the area in and around district Rawalpindi, Punjab province of Pakistan, predictable to have been the most primitive habitat of the human species. This region in fact had played an active role in the evolution of human history since remote antiquity. This is the land where a number of ancient civilizations, cultures, religions art and architecture developed from prehistoric period to the Muslim period including British colonial era. The historical period monuments are well known ranging from the caravan serais (Inn) and baolis (step well) along the ancient routes, to historical forts, religious and secular buildings of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh periods, rock shelters, pre and historic mounds, graveyards and sacred ponds in the region. During the British Colonial rule “Archaeological Survey of India” was formed in the year 1860 for archaeological researches. At the time of independence of Pakistan, new department with the name “Department of Archaeology & Museums” (DOAM) was created to perform same functions and obligations. Since its inception the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan has been performing its activities until 2011 when in sequel of 18th constitutional Amendments, all sites and monuments along with technical and financial resources were transferred to respective provinces.
Absorption and Fluorescence Mechanisms of Red Mega 480 Laser Dye Coupled with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Dadami Sunanda , Tangod Vadiraj 
Published: January 2025

Herein, we used the chemical reduction method to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The characterization of synthesized particles is done using UV-Vis, SEM, and TEM techniques, which reveal sizes in the range of 4–12 nm. In this particular instance, the optical absorption spectra of synthesized silver nanoparticles produced a maximal spike in the 400–410 nm region. This spike is attributed to surface plasmon resonance. The spectra of emission and absorption intensities of the exceptionally brilliant laser Red Mega 480 dye in alcohol solvents with the addition of silver nanoparticles indicate quenching. This is related to the size, shape, and transfer of energy between silver nanoparticles and dye. The quenching of fluorescence intensity in the presence of nanoparticles with Red Mega 480 dye leads to advancements in biomolecular labeling, printing technology, 3D graphics, glossy painting, fluorescence patterning, and cancer treatment.
The optical properties of isolated colloidal particles, and in particular their dependence on particle size effects, have been intensively investigated through Mie’s scattering theory. In the present case, the absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles of size 4–12 nm have a maximum peak in the range 400–410 nm, respectively, related to the plasmon resonance formed due to the nanosized silver nanoparticles. This absorption band (surface plasmon resonance, SPR) results from interactions of free electrons confined to small metallic spherical objects with incident electromagnetic radiation. The observed plasmon resonance band shows the silver nanoparticles are spherical in shape.
Optical absorption and fluorescence of the highly fluorescent laser dye Red Mega 480 in alcohol solvents with the attachment of silver nanoparticles show quenching in absorption and fluorescence intensities. This is due to size, shape, coupling between silver nanoparticles and dye, and energy transfer between silver and dye. Quenching of fluorescence in the presence of nanoparticles for Red Mega 480 leads to many applications, especially advancements in biomolecular labeling, fluorescence patterning, and chemotherapy in cancer treatment.
Improved Grey Wolf Optimization for Economic Load Dispatch Problem Considering Valve Point Loading Effect and Prohibited Operating Zones
Authors: Mehmood K. , Ahmad A. 
Published: January 2025

Economic load dispatch (ELD) is an important power system operational planning problem. In the past, calculus based techniques have been used for solving convex ELD problem. The practical ELD problem is non convex due to valve point effect. This paper presents a new improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) for solving ELD problem considering constraints such as valve point effect, transmission losses and prohibited operating zones. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) is a swarm intelligence (SI) technique which suffers from stagnation. To overcome this problem differential mutation and crossover operations are combined with GWO to form IGWO. The proposed IGWO is successfully implemented on 6, 13, 15 and 40 thermal units test systems. For validation, results are compared with recent techniques. This comparison proves the superiority of IGWO.