bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Belief in Prayer Healing and Intercession in Liberal Protestantism
Authors: Ostrander Rick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter explored ways in which evangelical liberals exhibited a concern to retain as much of traditional prayer as their ideological convictions would allow while subtly adapting to modern thought. A more obvious indication of the ambivalent nature of Christocentric liberalism was the eagerness with which these liberals latched onto new developments in science to undergird the traditional faith in intercessory prayer and prayer for healing. These two elements in the Christocentric liberal ethic of prayer-prayer for bodily healing and intercessory prayer-require separate attention because the ideological context surrounding them changed drastically in the early­ twentieth century.
Average Racism
Authors: Whalen Terence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years the political and racial meaning of Poe’s work has been the focus of intense critical debate, and undoubtedly the positions generated from this debate will have enduring consequences not only for Poe scholars but also for all those investigating the importance of race in American culture. Elsewhere I have argued that Poe’s lifelong struggle with the publishing industry constitutes a kind of deep politics that should matter more than his awkward and infrequent forays into partisan rhetoric (Edgar Allan Poe and the Masses, 27-39). Poe, that is to say, should be distinguished from the publicspirited intellectuals of his age, for whereas these intellectuals embraced a wide variety of civic and political causes, Poe’s political agenda was conspicuously confined to problems of production, ranging from the poverty of authors to the corruption of publishers to the emergence of a vaguely ominous mass audience.
The Idea of Accommodation: From Humanism to Politics
Authors: Rummel Erika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1530s “concord” became a catchphrase used on both sides of the religious debate. There was agreement about the goal, but not about the terms on which it could be reached. In the first years after the Diet of Worms, concord implied a return of the sectarians to the Catholic fold. By the end of the 1520s, however, Lutheranism had become entrenched, and the parties were now looking for a temporary settlement, pending the decisions of a universal council. During the 1530s the notion that a religious peace might be brought about through mutual concessions gradually obtained currency and formed the basis of a series of religious colloquies.
Order, Sequence, and Selection
Authors: Elman Yaakov 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the tenth century, nearly 800 years after the Mishnah’s “publication,” R. Sherira Gaon described how Rabbi Judah the Prince, the Mishnah’s editor, “compiled ... and added to it what was in his time, and reconciled it[s difficulties) properly.” In reconstructing the Mishnah’s formation, R. Sherira repeatedly emphasized Rabbi’s faithfulness to his sources-primarily the earlier compilation of R. Meir-and the faithfulness of the latter to his sources. “And not in his own words [lit., “from his (own] heart”] did Rabbi compile them,” or, “nothing was omitted or added but for a few places” -this theme recurs in his description of the process, along with a detailed series of proofs for his contention. The motive for this emphasis is clear: the anti-Karaite polemic which underlies R. Sherira’s history of the Oral Torah.
The Hebrew Narrative Anthology in the Middle Ages
Authors: Yassif Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of the Hebrew story in the Middle Ages corresponds, to a great extent, to that of the literary anthology. In turn, the evolution of the Hebrew tale in the Middle Ages is linked to what was arguably the most important cultural phenomenon of the early Jewish Middle Ages, namely, the “separation of disciplines.” Talmudic literature, central to the literary activity of the preceding period- and, to a great extent, of the Middle Ages as well-is an all-encompassing creation. This one composition incorporates most of the period’s cultural components: scriptural commentary and medicine, law and astronomy, linguistics and historiography, prayer and liturgical poetry, botany and agronomy, all in the course of a single, unbroken, and largely undifferentiated discussion. By the height of the geonic period (eighth and ninth centuries), a tendency had evolved to create special works on law and Hebrew grammar, Jewish philosophy and hermeneutics, liturgical poetry, and Jewish history. This important cultural phenomenon was undoubtedly connected to the parallel development in Arab culture of the first centuries of Islam. Arab scholars in Iraq and Persia, the lands in which the phenomenon first manifested itself in Jewish culture, distinguished between separate branches of knowledge, defined the various subjects, and devised special works in the different branches. The question of who influenced whom is of no consequence here. Jewish culture may have borrowed the norms of the ruling culture, or perhaps Jewish culture’s internal needs led to the creation of new modes of expression, which influenced Muslim culture. Like any complex cultural phenomnon, it was undoubtedly the result of a number of interlocking factors, and only the particular confl4ence of an encompassing cultural atmosphere with the specific needs of the Jewish world of that time can explain its appearance.
Sefer Ha’aggadah
Authors: Kiel Mark W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Hebrew literature has been waiting for such a book.” So Hayyim Namahn Bialik proudly announced that his and Yehoshua Hana Rawnitzki’s Sefer ha’aggadah was soon to appear. His claim to have answered the call of history was uncharacteristically immodest of him and, to be sure, he omitted his boast when, in 1908, he reprinted the article in which it appeared as the introduction to their classic anthology. In any case, it was not entirely accurate either. It clearly was, as Bialik said, “a great and plentiful literary anthology, which includes, in a suitable arrangement, all the characteristics and types, of all the important branches of the aggadah.” But Hebrew literature had, in fact, long been afraid of such a book. Wissenschaft, too, displayed a studious lack of interest in the subject as Bialik was now presenting it. The need for such an anthology of aggadah had manifested itself slowly and only recently. Once it appeared, however, Sefer ha’aggadah’s impact on Jewish literary culture for nearly a century to follow was extraordinary by any measure. As a result of Sefer ha’aggadah, similar works followed and academic interest in the subject grew, as did the number of dissertations. It also became a phenomenal best seller. It was the first and most successful effort to create a classic folk literature in Hebrew that could stand alongside the great European collections.
Certainty, Ambiguity, and Evil
Authors: Thysell Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reformers believed that nothing could inspire a sense of confidence more readily than to hear a leader expound upon the clarity and stark reality of evil. Luther, in his Bondage of the Will, for instance, rails against Erasmus’s disinterest in assertions, since to deny the clear claims of Scripture is to deny the promises of God. Luther holds back not at all in decrying such evils as he sees in “lukewarm” theology. And, as I have shown in chapter 2, Calvin is equally certain of the evil he perceives in the ideas and practices of the spiritual libertines. For the magisterial reformers, the ability to name evil correctly and clearly was closely allied with their understandings of justification by faith. Their claim for the clarity and perspicuity of Scripture made the naming of evil an essential ingredient in the proclamation of the gospel they had come to understand and believe.
Discerning the Marguerite
Authors: Thysell Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I have shown in chapter 3, Marguerite de Navarre was well aware of the school of thought to which Ficino and Pico belonged, but her theological anthropology had more in common with that of Calvin. Nevertheless, her penchant for allegory is obvious in her religious poetry, particularly in The Prisons, the itinerary of an individual’s spiritual growth toward mystical union with God. As much of the theology of the reformers as she did share, Marguerite de Navarre never adopted their literal historical interpretation of Scripture. Throughout her life she maintained an allegiance to allegorical interpretation, but not the fourfold method of medieval exegesis. As I will show, she adopted instead the secular Renaissance allegorical rhetoric to which she had been introduced by the new learning coming into France from Italy.
More Verse Forms
Authors: Wolosky Shira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have had an opportunity to examine the sonnet as a verse form. We have also looked at the question of poetic conventions, seeing how these can be quite small units, such as an image that is returned to repeatedly in the history of literature (the rose); or how conventions can involve larger structures, indeed whole topics, such as love, and ways of handling them. We now can see that in a sense a verse form is itself a kind of convention, with a history that is recalled each time a poet uses the form. What is paramount in each case is how the form of the poem is significant and functional—the part it plays in the way the poet shapes the poem’s material.
The Lutheran Counterpoint: David Chytraeus And Nikolaus Selnecker
Authors: Backus Irena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although scholars have recently devoted some attention to David Chytraeus, he remains a little-known figure and his biblical commentaries have remained unstudied to this day. Before discussing his Explicatio Apocalypsis, a few words about the author and his contribution to the spread of Lutheranism are thus necessary.
Hitchcock
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before we discuss some of the more well-known figures of the American Renaissance, we should take a look at the work and life of a remarkable man whose inner and outer lives, more than most, are depicted as falling neatly into two categories rarely if ever discussed together. This man, Ethan Allen Hitchcock, is most well-known as a prominent American military figure and as an eminent advisor to President Lincoln during the entire Civil War—in short for his outward life, which was certainly exciting and eventful. Hitchcock is also well known in another vein entirely, for although he led an unusually active life, he also pursued esoteric studies throughout at least his last twenty years and published books on topics that ranged from Shakespeare to Swedenborg to alchemy. Hitchcock is important for us not only because he knew personally a number of major American literary figures with similar interests—including Emerson and Poe—but also because he is a representative figure for understanding how esotericism was transmuted into literary forms during the mid­nineteenth century.
Hawthorne
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have already encountered Hawthorne’s work, albeit via the unpleasant comments of Poe. It is little surprising that Poe would accuse Hawthorne of plagiarism, for the two authors share a great deal. Above all, for our purposes, the work of both features many of the various currents of Western esotericism. Whereas Poe’s use of esoteric themes is relatively unexplored, however, Hawthorne’s is much more well known and has been discussed in much more scholarly detail. One of the most useful books for understanding Hawthorne’s use of some esoteric themes is William Bysshe Stein’s Hawthorne’s Faust (1953), which as its title suggests, is essentially about the Faust archetype as central to much of Hawthorne’s work. The Faust archetype is revealing here because it suggests much about the particular way Hawthorne drew upon many of the same esoteric currents as Poe or the Transcendentalists.
Alcott
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
None of the American Transcendentalists was so ridiculed as Amos Bronson Alcott. Throughout his life, Alcott was a thoroughgoing religious radical whose pronouncements often were too much even for Transcendentalists like Emerson, although they themselves had abandoned Unitarian liberalism as too conservative. Although many critics have noted and lampooned Alcott’s eccentric modes of “prophetic” expression from his “Orphic Sayings” in The Dial onward—some considering him deluded and even insane—much in Alcott’s work becomes far more comprehensible when one considers a central hidden source of his inspiration: German mysticism exemplified in the work of seven-teenth-century Protestant mystic Jacob Böhme.
Emerson
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the authors of the American Renaissance, arguably the most influential was Ralph Waldo Emerson, and a vast body of critical discussion has arisen about his work. Yet the influences on his writing remain difficult to pinpoint, not least because Emerson himself hid them. I have elsewhere analyzed at length his indebtedness to Asian religious traditions, and here will concentrate on what it was in the European intellectual inheritance that predisposed Emerson toward Asian religious traditions.1 Although Emerson’s reading was vast, and one certainly needs to avoid claiming any one influence on him as the primary one, still it is the case that much in Emerson’s work reflects his reading of Hermetic, theosophic, and Swedenborgian esoteric texts. It was out of this reading that he developed not only his cosmological, but also his metaphysical perspectives.
Waiting
Authors: Fenn Richard K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Increased Exposure to The passage of time typifies a world that has undergone high levels of secularization. What distinguishes modernity is that individuals have lost a collective time frame that relieves their own sense of temporal anxiety. However, they continue to be caught up in an experience of time over a long span that encompasses death in both the past and the future. The individual’s personal sense of time is therefore likely to be longer, more encompassing of past and future, and hence more serious than the time frames of corporations and institutions that are dealing only in relatively short-term time horizons. The modern hero is one who seizes the moment and exposes himself or herselflike Faust to the “torrents of time.” It is the fool who is willing to be kept waiting.
Kings and Captives
Authors: Tedlock Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stories of lordly warriors who were captured, presented at court, and then sacrificed provided subjects for Mayan sculptors, painters, and writers throughout what archaeologists call the Classic period (300-900 A.D.). During the eighth century in particular, prisoners of war became a major focus of attention. They appear, among other places, in scenes painted on cylindrical vases that were used for mixing chocolate beverages. Among the workshops where these vases were produced, three happened to be near Rabinal. One of them was fifty kilometers to the north, at the ruins known as Chamá. Another was sixty kilometers to the east in the middle part of the valley of the Río Motagua, near the present-day town of San Agustín Acasaguastlán. And a third was seventy kilometers to the west, near the town of Nebaj.
Silent Flim & The Triumph Of The American Myth
Authors: Cohen Paula Marantz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Silent Film and the Triumph of the American Myth is a broad cultural study that connects the rise of film to the rise of America as a cultural center and world power in the twentieth century. Cohen argues that through the medium of silent film, America was able to sever its literary and linguistic ties to Europe, assert its cultural independence, and forge a unique form of cultural expression. Silent films drew on elements developed in popular forms of representation like photography, landscape panoramas, and vaudeville performance to create a medium that more accurately represented the American experience.
Afterword The “New Economy” at Century’s End: Market Access, Innovation, and Being Bill Gates
Authors: Peritz Rudolph J R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For more than a century in the United States, images of free competition have inspired policy debate about commerce, government, and their proper relationship. In the process, this imagery has given form to our aspirations for freedom from the abuses of both government and private economic power. Championing the cause of “industrial liberty” in Trans-Missouri (1896), Justice Rufus Wheeler Peckham dismantled the railroad cartel and extolled the virtues of “small dealers and worthy men.”
Introduction Persons, Passages, and Shifting Cultural Space
Authors: Shulman David , Stroumsa Guy G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The “self,” whatever we might mean by this term, is surely not an entity, nor should we use the pronoun “it” when we speak of self: language traps us in the very first sentence in this domain. Similarly, to speak of transforming some non-it into something else is bound to be misleading, as if a self could be held in language, or in the mind, long enough to be transformed. The entire problem has a somewhat provincial, Western aspect, as we can see from the striking absence of analogous concepts to our notion of self in other civilizations. Nonetheless, there does seem to be a universal theme at the heart of all the major religious cultures of the world that has to do with effecting structured transitions in the inner world of the living subject, who seems always to require such change. Moreover, these transitions fall into certain prevalent categories, with distinctive correlations to other parts of the person as culturally imagined, and to the reality in which this person is believed to live.
On Becoming a Fish Paradoxes of Immortality and Enlightenment in Chinese Literature
Authors: Li Wai-Yee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a famous anecdote from the Zhuangzi (ca. fourth century B.C.E.), Zhuangzi and his favorite opponent in disputation, the logician-Sophist Huizi, debate the joy of fish: Two modes of knowledge and reasoning are juxtaposed here. Huizi’s certainty is based on the logic of difference: analogous distinctions or disjunctions between man and fish, and between himself and Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi, by contrast, plays on the logic of fluid boundaries and claims to overcome division of self and other. Instead of meeting Huizi’s logical argument on its own terms, he radically redefines it and affirms intuitive communion: he knows the joy of fish by standing on River Hao. Huizi concedes to not knowing Zhuangzi; Zhuangzi for his part must presume to know Huizi’s mind, even as he knows the fish. He attributes motives and emotions to Huizi’s question: implicit recognition of Zhuangzi’s own knowledge, possibly envy and irritation. The keyword is you (roam, wander, play), which describes the movement of both Zhuangzi and Huizi, as well as that of the fish: the repetition here marks empathic continuity. Roaming is associated with the state of being free, at ease, and disinterested, whereby the mind can be most creative and best apprehend the world. To roam, wander, or play is also to overcome boundaries, to move from one state of being to another, to achieve the self-transformation in Daoist transcendence of the opposites of self and other, dreaming and waking, life and death.
Religion and Biography in Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus
Authors: Finkelberg Margalit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ancient Greeks defined man’s place in the universe through his relation to the gods. The very fact that the word “mortal,” 0vT}’t6i;, was as legitimate a designation of man as the word “man” proper clearly indicates that the existence of the “immortals,” a0ava’tot, was a necesary factor in man’s self-definition. It was generally recognized that between men and gods there was a gap that could not be bridged. To quote what Homer makes Apollo say to Diomedes, who dared to raise his weapon against the god: “Never think yourself the gods’ equal - since there can be no likeness between the make of immortal gods and of men who walk on the ground.” Any attempt at transgressing the line dividing men and gods was considered a religious offense which was inevitably followed by punishment from the gods. “The jealousy of the gods,” cp06voi; 0erov, and “trespassing,” ul3pti;, known to us only too well from Greek sources, are the two ideas that illuminate the nature of the phenomenon with great precision.
The Ins and Outs of Self-Transformation Personal and Social Sides of Visionary Practice in Tibetan Buddhism
Authors: Gyatso Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
can begin in no other way than by stating that Tibetan Buddhism is utterly consumed with programs of self-transformation. From the stone floor of the cave to the home of the village lama, the ritual assembly of the monastery, and the exalted seat of power of the Dalai Lamas, self-transformation often seems to be the only interesting game in town. Its presumptions are at the heart of the famous “patronpriest” dynamic and much of the political and economic power that religious heirarchs could wield in Tibet up to the middle of the twentieth century. This essay presents what I see as some of the main threads in this large phenomenon. But I must note right away that I will have to neglect several other important threads, for example, the more indigenously Tibetan ones constituted by clan identities and loyalties, whose associated conceptions about personhood fed importantly into the Buddhist industry of self-transformation. Not only am I limited by space; the connection between Tibet’s religions and its social history in any event has barely begun to be explored by any scholar, modem or traditional Tibetan. Nonetheless there is much we can learn merely by considering the formally Buddhist ideologies and iconographies that were so centrally ingredient to the image and status of the Tibetan religious master.
Postlude: The Interior Sociality of Self-transformation
Authors: Handelman Don 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I grow silent and make my consciousness quiet, in keeping with an interior context of self-transformation, I become aware of a simple phenomenon that I’ve always known yet rarely attended to. My inner world is made up of an ongoing conversation that I continuously carry on with myself. Within myself, I talk to myself in fairly ongoing and continuous ways (just as I dream to myself while sleeping). Through this little phenomenological experiment, I discover that I do indeed hear (or more accurately, feel or sense) voices, at times one and at times a multiplicity of voices within myself-that is, within my self. Often I am a monologue, sometimes a dialogue, sometimes more. At times, these voices address one another as “I” and “you,” but at other times “I” and “I” seems more the case as they agree, contest, interpolate, laugh at, comment on, and cry with one another. They may flow together into a single voice or, indeed, different voices resonating through a variety of registers of self-engagement.1