bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of schizophrenia in south-east London between 1965 and 1997
Authors: Boydell J. , Van Os J. , Lambri M. , Castle D. , Allardyce J. , McCreadie R. G. , Murray R. M. 
Published: January 2003

BackgroundThere has been much debate about changes in the incidence of schizophrenia.AimsTo identify any changes in incidence of schizophrenia in Camber well, south-east London, between 1965 and 1997.MethodResearch Diagnostic Criteria and DSM–III–R diagnoses were generated for all first contacts by the OPCRIT computer program, and incidence rates of schizophrenia in seven time periods were measured. Indirect standardisation and Poisson models were used to measure the effect of time period and to examine interactions with age and gender.ResultsThere was a continuous and statistically significant increase in the incidence of schizophrenia, which was greatest in people under 35 years of age and was not gender-specific.ConclusionsThe incidence of schizophrenia has doubled in south-east London over the past three decades.
Trends in the use of Part II of the Mental Health Act 1983 in seven English local authority areas
Authors: Lelliott Paul , Audini Bernard 
Published: January 2003

BackgroundData collected by the Department of Health show a continuing increase in the rate of formal detention in hospital under Part II of the Mental Health Act 1983.AimsTo establish whether the increase in formal detentions is uniform across subgroups of the population.MethodData related to use of Part II of the Act between 1991 and 1997 collected by seven English local authorities were examined. Rates of compulsory admission were standardised to age, gender and ethnicity-specific populations.ResultsOver the 8-year period the overall rate of detention under Part II increased by 32%. It increased in all three major ethnic groupings; the rate of increase was greater for men than for women (38% v. 26%) and, in particular, for younger men compared with younger women (43% v. 28%).ConclusionsA combination of factors probably accounts for these findings, including service factors (particularly reduction in bed numbers), a culture of risk aversion, and changes in the effect of substance misuse on the presentation of mental illness.
Enhancement of an Anodic Photocurrent for Polymer Langmuir–Blodgett Monolayer Containing Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium Complex by Surface Plasmon Excitation
Authors: Fukuda Nobuko , Mitsuishi Masaya , Aoki Atsushi , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
An anodic photocurrent due to photoinduced electron transfer between excited Ru(bpy)32+ and triethanolamine was remarkably enhanced by light irradiation using the surface plasmon resonance on a silver electrode which was modified by amphiphilic copolymer Langmuir–Blodgett monolayer containing Ru(bpy)32+ compared with irradiation of transmitted light.
Convenient Synthesis of a Central 2,3,6-Trisubstituted Pyridine Skeleton of a Macrobicyclic Antibiotic, Cyclothiazomycin
Authors: Okabe Akihiro , Ito Akinori , Okumura Kazuo , Shin Chung-gi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The first convenient synthesis of the main central 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridine skeleton [protected Fragment A-B] of a macrobicyclic antibiotic, cyclothiazomycin, was achieved.
Application of Thiouronium Derivatives as Anion Ionophores for Ion Selective Electrodes
Authors: Sasaki Shin-ichi , Hashizume Akio , Ozawa Satoru , Citterio Daniel , Iwasawa Naoko , Suzuki Koji 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Novel anion ionophores based on thiouronium derivatives were synthesized, and their application to ion selective electrodes (ISEs) was examined. The electrodes clearly exhibited an anti-Hofmeister selectivity pattern with enhanced selectivity for the iodide anion.
Properties of Photoexcited States of C180, a Triangle Trimer of C60
Authors: Fujitsuka Mamoru , Fujiwara Koichi , Murata Yasujiro , Uemura Shinobu , Kunitake Masashi , Ito Osamu , Komatsu Koichi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Photophysical properties of C180 “cis-2/cis-2/cis-2”, a triangle triad of C60, were investigated by various methods including a transient absorption spectroscopy. Fluorescence and triplet absorption spectra were similar to those of C120 (C60 dimer) and other 1, 2-adducts of C60. On the other hand, short fluorescence lifetime and small quantum yield for the intersystem crossing process indicate that the photophysical properties of C180 are affected by the non-radiative process in the singlet excited state.
The Ruthenium-Catalyzed Addition of β C–H Bonds in Aldehydes to Olefins
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Sato Taisuke , Igi Kimitaka , Chatani Naoto , Murai Shinji 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The addition of a β C–H bond to the formyl group of aldehydes to olefins took place with the aid of Ru(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3 as a catalyst. Several olefins can be used in the catalytic reaction of conjugate enals. The presence of a sterically hindered substituent at the ortho position of benzaldehyde and the presence of an electron donating substituent appear to be important factor in accomplishing the desired coupling reaction.
Oxidation of Various Secondary Amines to Imines with N-tert-Butylphenylsulfinimidoyl Chloride
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kawana Asahi , Fukuda Yoshio , Matsuo Jun-ichi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Various secondary amines were smoothly oxidized to the corresponding imines at −78 °C by using N-tert-butylphenylsulfinimidoyl chloride and DBU.
Highly Durable Enantio-Differentiating Nickel Catalyst for Repeated Use for the Hydrogenation of Methyl Acetoacetate
Authors: Osawa Tsutomu , Sakai Saori , Harada Tadao , Takayasu Osamu 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate was repeated 30 times over a fine Ni powder catalyst while modifiers (optically active tartaric acid and NaBr) were directly added to the reaction media only in the first run. Over 80% optical yields were attained for the repeated runs. The addition of sodium 2-ethylhexanoate increased the optical yields in the subsequent runs. The very simple and highly durable enantio-differentiating nickel catalyst for repeated use was developed by an in situ modification.
Preparation of CdS Semiconductor Nanowire by a Convenient Ultraviolet Irradiation Technique
Authors: Wu Shuang-Ding , Zhu Zhengang , Tan Jingyun , Gao Junchang 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire was synthesized by a convenient ultraviolet irradiation method using hydroxyethyl cellulose as a soft template at room temperature.
A Simple Alcohothermal Synthetic Route to High Surface Area Zirconia Aerogel
Authors: Hu Juncheng , Cao Yong , Deng Jingfa 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A novel alcohothermal process has been successfully developed to prepare the thermally stable tetragonal zirconia aerogel using a cheap inorganic salt as the starting material. The results showed that the as-prepared zirconia aerogel has a high surface area and a well-developed textural mesoporosity, which is highly attractive for potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis.
Stereo- and Regioselective Opening of 3-Phenylglycidates by Trifluoromethylsulfonamide under Solid–Liquid Heterogeneous Conditions
Authors: Penso Michele , Albanese Domenico , Landini Dario , Lupi Vittoria 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Ethyl cis- and trans-3-phenylglycidates have been opened stereo- and regioselectively with trifluoromethylsulfonamide in the presence of catalytic amounts of solid sodium carbonate. Under these conditions, (2R,3R)-3-phenylglycidate produces exclusively ethyl (2R,3S)-3-N(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amino-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate deriving from the attack of the nucleophile on the C-3 carbon atom.
Spectroscopic Properties of Noble Metal Nano-Particles Covered with J-Aggregates of Cyanine Dye
Authors: Sato Tomoo , Tsugawa Fusahiro , Tomita Toshinori , Kawasaki Mitsuo 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
We have found, for the first time, a unique spectroscopic property of noble metal nano-particles (colloidal silver in solution or noble metal island film) covered with a J-aggregate monolayer. The spectral dip or hole at the position of the J-band was observed in the surface plasmon band. The appearance of the hole was related to the interaction between the surface plasmon of the noble metal nano-particles and the Frenkel exciton of the J-aggregate.
Furfural Hydrogenation to Furfuryl Alcohol over a Novel Ni–Co–B Amorphous Alloy Catalyst
Authors: Luo Hongshan , Li Hexing , Zhuang Li 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The ultrafine Ni–Co–B amorphous catalysts were employed in liquid-phase furfural hydrogenation, which showed higher activity and better selectivity to furfuryl alcohol than either Ni–B, or Co–B, or the mixture of Ni–B and Co–B catalysts. The promoting effect of Co-dopant was briefly discussed.
A Novel Electron Beam-Induced Reaction of Sulfonium Salt in the Crystalline State
Authors: Moon Seongyun , Maekawa Yasunari , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The electron beam irradiation of triphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate in the crystalline state provides a new benzene-substituted sulfonium salt. This product has not been observed either by photolysis in the crystalline state nor by electron beam irradiation in a solution. The formation of the substitution product was confirmed by GC–MS analysis.
Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Formyl- and Cyano-Substituted Diphenylhexatrienes in the Solid State
Authors: Sonoda Yoriko , Miyazawa Akira , Hayashi Shigenobu , Sakuragi Masako 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Crystalline powder of all-trans-1,6-bis(4-R-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatriene (R = CHO and CN) underwent intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition at the 1,2-position of the triene to give mirror symmetric dimers. For the formyl derivative the presence of C–H···O hydrogen bonds was suggested by IR and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra.
Assembly of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetatocobaltate(III) Complexes on the Surface Lysine Residues of Myoglobin
Authors: Tsukahara Keiichi , Nishimine Mari , Kiguchi Kimiko , Shioyama Yuka , Matsui Miho , Kubota Naoko , Arakawa Ryuichi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Myoglobin, whose lysine residues are linked with diethylenetriaminepentaacetatocobaltate(III) complexes, was prepared and characterized.
Hydrogen Atom Transfer of 5-Hydroxyflavone in the Excited Triplet State
Authors: Norikane Yasuo , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Behavior of 5-hydroxyflavone (5HF) in the excited triplet state was studied for the first time by transient absorption and phosphorescence spectroscopies. 5HF underwent the intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in the excited triplet state at room temperature.
Kinetic Evidence for the Hydrophobic Atmosphere of the Catalytic Cavity in Carboxypeptidase Y Based on a Linear Relationship between Michaelis–Menten Constant Km and Hydrophobicity of the Substrates
Authors: Kanosue Yoshifumi , Hiraga Yoshikazu , Kojima Satoshi , Ohkata Katsuo 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
In the hydrolysis of several dipeptides by carboxypeptidase-Y (CPD-Y), there was found a good linear relationship (r = 0.999) between Michaelis–Menten constant Km and hydrophobicity of the substrates evaluated as relative elution volume in reversed-phase HPLC.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Aryloxazolines with Hydrosilanes via C–H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Igi Kimitaka , Matsumoto Mitsutaka , Chatani Naoto , Murai Shinji 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The reaction of aryloxazolines with trialkylhydrosilanes using Ru3(CO)12 or Ru(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3 complex as a catalyst resulted in dehydrogenative silylation to form ortho silylated aryloxazolines in good to excellent yields. This reaction can be applied to aryloxazolines having either electron-donating (Nme2, Ome, and CH3) or -withdrawing (CF3 and F) groups.
A Catalytic and Stereoselective Glycosylation with Glucopyranosyl Fluoride by Using Various Protic Acids
Authors: Jona Hideki , Mandai Hiroki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A catalytic and stereoselective glycosylation with glucosyl fluoride was effectively performed by using a catalytic amount of various protic acids. When the glycosylation was carried out, for example, using perchloric acid (HClO4) in diethyl ether (Et2O), the major products were α-glycosides while β-stereoselectivity was observed when tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boric acid [HB(C6F5)4] was used in a mixed solvent of trifluoromethylbenzene (BTF)–pivalonitrile (tBuCN) = (5:1). The stereoselectivity was controlled by not only the effect of solvent but also by the nature of counter anion of the catalyst such as B(C6F5)4− or ClO4−.
Yb(Otf)3·H2O: A Novel Reagent for the Chemoselective Hydrolysis of Isopropylidene Acetals
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V Subba , Reddy K Srinivasa 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A facile chemoselective hydrolysis of terminal isopropylidene acetals has been achieved using a catalytic amount of Yb(Otf)3·H2O in acetonitrile at ambient temperature.
A Novel Route to Prepare Nano-Hg2Cl2 Arrays
Authors: Wang Yinhai , Mo Jimei , Cai Weili , Yao Lianzeng , Zhang Lide 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Recently, we find a novel route to prepare nano-Hg2Cl2 in the pores of alumina membrane. To the best of our knowledge, it is first time for preparing nano-Hg2Cl2 arrays. The nano-Hg2Cl2 has a potential application as nanoelectrode.
Photoswitching of Intramolecular Magnetic Interaction Using Photochromic Diarylethene Spin Coupler: Introduction of Thiophene Spacer
Authors: Matsuda Kenji , Matsuo Mitsuyoshi , Irie Masahiro 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Photochromic 1,2-bis(2-methyl-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene having two nitronyl nitroxide radicals with a thiophene-2,5-diyl spacer was prepared and the intramolecular magnetic interaction was compared with the derivative having the radicals with a p-phenylene spacer. The stronger magnetic interaction was observed for the compound with the thiophene spacer.
Highly Thermostable Liposome from 72-Membered Macrocyclic Tetraether Lipid: Importance of 72-Membered Lipid for Archaea to Thrive under Hyperthermal Environments
Authors: Arakawa Kenji , Eguchi Tadashi , Kakinuma Katsumi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The thermostability of liposomes comprising from a 1:1 mixture of archaeal 72-membered macrocyclic tetraether diphospholipids was investigated for the first time in comparison with those of acyclic and 36-membered macrocyclic diether phospholipids. The liposomes of the former 72-membered macrocyclic lipid certainly form thermostable liposomes.
Improved Yield of Enzyme Reaction in Microchannel Reactor
Authors: Miyazaki Masaya , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Maeda Hideaki 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of benzoylarginine-p-nitroanilide using a microchanel reactor showed higher yield than batchwise reaction at lower enzyme concentration. The rate of reaction seemed to be 20 times greater than that in the batchwise system.
Palladium-Catalyzed Benzannulation of Conjugated Enynes in Fluorous Biphasic System
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Chounan Yukiyasu , Nogami Tsutomu , Ohmori Osamu , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
We carried out the benzannulation (cyclodimerization) of conjugated enynes in fluorous biphasic system in the presence of perfluoro-tagged palladium catalyst and succeeded in reusing the catalyst for several times.
Extraordinary High Tetravalent Cation Conducting Behaviors in Solid
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Ueda Tomohiro , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A tetravalent cation conductor whose ionic conductivity is extraordinary high and comparable to the conductivity range of the representative divalent oxide anion conductors, was artificially designed by strictly choosing the constituent elements and the structure of the solid. Promising applications such as rechargeable batteries and chemical sensors for a global environmental monitoring, are greatly expected.
Photochemical Production of Sugar-like Interconvertible Anomeric Naphthopyranylhemiacetals from Acenaphthylene and Chloranil
Authors: Haga Naoki , Takayanagi Hiroaki , Tokumaru Katsumi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Irradiation of acenaphthylene (ACN) and p-chloranil with &gt; 420 nm light in 1,2-dichloroethane gives two interconvertible anomeric naphthopyranylhemiacetals in high yields (&gt; 70%), whereas irradiation of ACN with other 1,4-benzoquinones does not afford this type of products. The above products will result from photochemical formation of an oxetane followed by its hydration. These products are stereoselectively converted into an identical naphthopyranylacetal in primary alcohols.
Fabrication of Nano-rod Copper-polymer Composites by γ-Irradiation Route in a Heterogeneous System
Authors: Ni Yonghong , Ge Xuewu , Liu Huarong , Zhang Zhicheng , Ye Qiang , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Nano-rod copper-polymer composites were synthesized by γ-irradiation in a heterogeneous solution system under atmospheric pressure at room temperature. The product was characterized by XRD, TEM and IR spectrum, respectively. The investigation showed that a rather low dose rate of irradiation was necessary in the formation of nano-rod composites.
Oxidized Diamond Supported Ni Catalyst for Synthesis Gas Formation from Methane
Authors: Nakagawa Kiyoharu , Nishimoto Hiroaki , Enoki Yuji , Egashira Sayaka , Ikenaga Na-oki , Kobayashi Tetsuhiko , Nishitani-Gamo Mikka , Ando Toshihiro , Suzuki Toshimitsu 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Oxidized diamond gave the best performance among the support materials of Ni loaded catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane. Ni(5 wt%)/oxidized diamond afforded 20% conversion of methane (CH4/O2 = 5) to give CO and H2 ratio of 2.0 at 873 K. Ni(5 wt%)/oxidized diamond also showed high catalytic activity for the CO2 reforming of methane.
Removal of Lead from Vermiculite by Using l-Asparaginic-N,N-diacetic Acid, a Novel Biodegradable Chelating Reagent, and Depolymerized Pectic Acid
Authors: Xueyi Guo , Inoue Katsutoshi , Mishima Kenji 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The removal of lead from vermiculite by means of elution with two kinds of novel chemical reagents l-asparaginic-N,N-diacetic acid and depolymerized pectic acid, was investigated. The effects of contact time, concentration of the reagents and equilibrium pH of solution on elution of lead were examined by batch-wise technique. It was found that both of the reagents are effective for the removal of lead and have the potential application for the remediation of soil polluted by heavy metals.
Titanium-Promoted Cobalt Sulfide Catalysts for NO Decomposition and Reduction by CO
Authors: Zhaoliang Zhang , Jun Ma , Zhaoqong Liu , Shaoling Ren , Xiyao Yang , Yuan Kou 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Cobalt sulfide and titanium-promoted cobalt sulfides were reported as catalysts for NO decomposition and reduction by CO. Titanium-promoted cobalt sulfides showed not only nearly complete NO removal but the simultaneous catalytic reduction of NO and SO2 by CO to N2 and elemental sulfur, respectively.
An Oxidative Transformation of N′-Phenylhydrazide to t-Butyl Ester Using a Copper(II) Halide–Lithium t-Butoxide System
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun-ichi , Aoyagi Takashi , Fujikura Ryohei , Suyama Takayuki 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Reactions of hydrazides or N′-phenylhydrazides with a copper(II) reagent prepared from copper(II) bromide and lithium t-butoxide smoothly proceeded to give the corresponding t-butyl ester in high yield.
A Catalytic Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to Allyl Alcohol
Authors: Ding Xia , Taniguchi Katsumi , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A highly diastereo- and enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones bearing an amide moiety to allyl alcohol has been realized by using a catalytic amount of diisopropyl (R,R)-tartrate as a chiral auxiliary. Addition of amine N-oxide such as pyridine N-oxide, was crucial to realize a reproducible excellent enantioselectivity up to 98% ee.
Styrylpyrylium Derivatives for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Tsuji Kyoko , Okada Shuji , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Matsuda Hiro , Nakanishi Hachiro 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The first hyperpolarizabilities (β) of styrylpyrylium derivatives were systematically investigated by hyper-Rayleigh scattering experiments and semiempirical calculation in relation to their absorption. They were found to be potential second-order nonlinear optical species covering the longer cutoff-wavelength range compared with the corresponding stilbazolium derivatives.
A Novel Looping Structure of Linear Hexapeptide Boc-[d-Ala-(Z)-β-phenyldehydroalanine-l-Ala]2-OMe
Authors: Inai Yoshihito , Oshikawa Tatsuo , Yamashita Mitsuji , Kato Itsuki , Hirabayashi Tadamichi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Hexapeptide Boc-(d-Ala-ΔZPhe-l-Ala)2-OCH3 [Boc = tert-butyloxycarbonyl; ΔZPhe = (Z)-β-phenyldehydroalanine] in the solid state exhibited a novel looping backbone consisting of three partially overlapped β-turns supported by intramolecular (i+3) → i hydrogen bonds. Here the looping backbone also included a β-bend ribbon structure.
Deep Hydrodesulfurization over W-Based Catalysts Supported by Siliceous MCM-41
Authors: Wang Anjie , Li Xiang , Chen Yongying , Han Difei , Wang Yao , Hu Yongkang , Kabe Toshiaki 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A deep HDS catalyst, exhibiting considerably high activity in desulfurizing dibenzothiophene and a high-sulfur gas oil, was prepared by depositing Ni–W species over siliceous MCM-41.
Synthesis, Structure, and Photochemistry of 2-Silyl- and 2-Disilanyl-2-aryl-1,3-dithiane Derivatives
Authors: Reddy Anugula Mahipal , Tsutsui Shinobu , Sakamoto Kenkichi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A series of 2-silyl- and 2-disilanyl-substituted 2-aryl-1,3-dithiane derivatives were prepared by the reactions of 2-aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithianes with the corresponding chlorosilanes. Photolysis of 2-phenyl-2-(pentamethyldisilanyl)-1,3-dithiane resulted in the intermediary formation of 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)-1-silaethene.
Relationship between the Excited Multiplet EPR and Phosphorescence Lifetime in the Excited Triplet Octaethylporphinatozinc Coordinated by One TEMPO Radical
Authors: Ishii Kazuyuki , Ishizaki Takeo , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
by the combined use of time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) and phosphorescence emissions, two kinds of octaethylporphinatozinc coordinated by an axial ligand containing a nitroxide radical have been investigated.
Enhanced Chemiluminescence of Bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) Oxalate–Hydrogen Peroxide–Dyestuff System in the Presence of Polymer Particles
Authors: Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Tomita Yuji , Nakajima Riichiro 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Chemiluminescence property of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate–hydrogen peroxide–dyestuff system was examined in the presence of polymer particles. The chemiluminescence of the system was enhanced through an interaction between xanthene dyestuffs and polymer particles. For example, when using erythrosine B, the chemiluminescence intensity in the presence of the particles was about 20 times larger than that in the absence of them. It was clarified from preliminary experiments that the enhanced chemiluminescence with the particles was useful for the determination of H2O2 and dyestuff-labeled d-glucose.