bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Deformation Phase-Space on Spectra of Heavy Quarkonia in Improved Energy Potential at Finite Temperature Model of Shrodinger Equation Via the Generalized Boob’s Shift Method and Standard Perturbation Theory
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid 
Published: October 2023

In this work, we obtain solutions of the deformed Schrödinger equation (DSE) with improved internal energy potential at a finite temperature model in a 3-dimensional nonrelativistic noncommutative phase-space (3D-NRNCPS) symmetries framework, using the generalized Bopp’s shift method in the case of perturbed nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (pNRQCD). The modified bound state energy spectra are obtained for the heavy quarkonium system such as charmonium cc- and bottomonium bb- at ﬁnite temperature. It is found that the perturbative solutions of the discrete spectrum are sensible to the discreet atomic quantum numbers (j,l,s,m) of the ( QQ- (Q=c,b)) state, the parameters of internal energy potential (T,αs(T), mD (T),β,c), which are the Debye screening mass mD (T), the running coupling constant αs(T) the critical temperature β, the free parameter c in addition to noncommutativity parameters (Θ,θ-). The new Hamiltonian operator in 3D-NRNCPS symmetries is composed of the corresponding operator in commutative phase-space and three additive parts for spin-orbit interaction, the new magnetic interaction, and the rotational Fermi-term. The obtained energy eigenvalues are applied to obtain the mass spectra of heavy quarkonium systems (cc- and bb-). The total complete degeneracy of the new energy levels of the improved internal energy potential changed to become equal to the new value 3n2 in 3D-NRNCPS symmetries instead of the value n2 in the symmetries of 3D-NRQM. Our non-relativistic results obtained from DSE will possibly be compared with the Dirac equation in high-energy physics.
The Fractional Schrödinger Equation with the Generalized Woods-Saxon Potential
Authors: Abu-Shady Mohamed , Inyang Etido P. 
Published: October 2023

The bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the generalized Woods-Saxon potential reported in [Phys. Rev. C, 72, 027001 (2005)] is extended to the fractional forms using the generalized fractional derivative and the fractional Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) technique. Analytical solutions of bound states of the Schrodinger equation for the present potential are obtained in the terms of fractional Jacobi polynomials. It is demonstrated that the classical results are a special case of the present results at α=β=1. Therefore, the present results play important role in molecular chemistry and nuclear physics.
A Qualitative Theoretical Study of Inorganic HTM-Free RbGeI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS 1D as a Pathway Towards 3.601% Efficiency
Authors: Ekwu Mary T. , Danladi Eli , Tasie Nicholas N. , Haruna Idoko S. , Okoro Osaretin E. , Gyuk Philibus M. , Jimoh Olayinka M. , Obasi Rita C. 
Published: October 2023

The presence of toxic lead in perovskite solar cells has hindered its commercial viability. In this present work, a mesoscopic inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells based on RbGeI3 was proposed and implemented using SCAPs simulation tool. The effect of electron transport material (ETM) and Absorber thickness were analyzed. When the device was first simulated, its power conversion efficiency (PCE), fill factor (FF), current density (Jsc), and open circuit voltage (Voc) all reached values of 3.584% for PCE, 48.477% for FF, 25.385 mA/cm2 for Jsc, and 0.291 V for Voc. When the ETM and absorber are at their ideal thicknesses of 0.08 and 0.40, the development of efficiency becomes stable. Using the aforementioned parameters, the optimized PSC device produced the following values: PCE = 3.601%, Jsc = 25.386 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.291 V, and FF = 48.637%. The PCE improvement over the basic device without optimization is around 1.01 times. The findings indicate that perovskite solar cell lacking HTM has a substantial capacity to absorb photon energy and produce electrons. It has also shown how to create environmentally clean and economically viable technology.
Structural, Electrical and Optical Studies of NixCd1-xS (x = 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2) Nanoparticle System
Authors: M. Rose Moly , Christy R. Sheela , Benitta T. Asenath , Kumaran J. Thampi Thanka 
Published: October 2023

This paper demonstrates the synthesis of NixCd1-xS (x=0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2) nanoparticles by microwave-assisted chemical precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, EDAX, SEM, UV-VIS, and PL spectroscopy. The energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirms the existence of Nickel, Cadmium and Sulphur in proper ratios. The DC electrical resistances were measured in the temperature range of 300 K-500 K. The temperature resistance curves of all the samples show phase transitions above a particular temperature. The UV and PL spectra of all the samples were compared and studied.
Determination of Band Structure and Compton profiles for Aluminum-Arsenide Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Mohammed Sameen F. , Ridha Salah M.A. , Ghaleb Abdulhadi Mirdan , Ghaleb Zahraa Talib , Benkrima Yamina , Abdullah Mahran Abdulrhman 
Published: October 2023

First-principles computations of the electrical characteristics of AlAs have been carried out using the density functional theory-DFT and the Local Density Approximation-LDA,methods (DFT) and Generalized Gradient Approximation-GGA. We utilized the CASTEP's plane wave basis set implementation for the total energy computation (originally from Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package). We used to look at the AlAs structure's structural parameter. The band gap was overestimated by the Generalized Gradient Approximation and LDA techniques, although the band gap predicted by the GGA is more in line with the experimental finding, according to the electronic structure calculation utilizing the two approximations. A semiconductor with a straight band-gap of 2.5 eV is revealed by the GGA calculation. The energy band diagram is used to calculate the total and partial densities of AlAs states. Multiple configurations of the ionic model were calculated. of Al+xAs−x (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are also performed utilizing free-atom profiles. According to the ionic model, 0.75 electrons would be transferred from the valence 5p state of aluminum to the 3p state of Arsenide.
Five - Dimensional Plane Symmetric Cosmological Model with Quadratic Equation of State in f(R,T) Theory of Gravity
Authors: Thakare V.A. , Mapari R.V. , Thakre S.S. 
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we analysed the five-dimensional plane-symmetric cosmological model containing perfect fluid in the context of f(R, T) gravity. Field equations have solved for two class of f(R, T) gravity i.e., f(R, T) = R + f(T) and f(R, T) = f1(R)f2(T) with the inclusion of cosmological constant Λ and quadratic equation of state parameters in the form p = αρ2 − ρ, where α is a constant and strictly α≠ 0. In order to derive the exact solutions, we utilize volumetric power law and exponential law of expansion. The physical and geometrical aspects of model have discussed.
Comparative Study of the Mass Spectra of Heavy Quarkonium System with an Interacting Potential Model
Authors: Obu Joseph A. , Inyang Etido P. , William Eddy S. , Bassey Donatus E. , Inyang Ephraim P. 
Published: October 2023

In this work, the comparison of the mass spectra of heavy quarkonium system with an interacting potential (Class of Yukawa potential) was studied. The Schrodinger equation is analytically solved using Nikiforov- Uvarov (NU) method and series expansion method (SEM). The approximate solutions of the eigen energy equation and corresponding eigenfunction in terms of Laguerre polynomials were obtained using the NU method and the solutions of the eigen energy equation were also obtained with the SEM. The mass spectra for heavy quarkonium system (HQS) for the potential under study were obtained for bottomonium and charmonium HQS. We compared the results obtained between NU and SEM. It was noticed that SEM solutions yield mass spectra very close to experimental data compared to solutions with NU method. The obtained results were also compared with works by some other authors and were found to be improved. This study can be extended by using other exponential-type potential models with other analytical approach and a different approximation schemes to obtain the mass spectra of heavy quarkonium system. The relativistic properties using Klein-Gordon or Dirac equations can be explored to obtain the mass spectra of light quarkonia. Finally, the information entailed in the normalized wave-functions can also be studied.
The Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Electrophysical Properties of Samples n-Si<Ni,Сu>
Authors: Turgunov Nozimjon A. , Berkinov Elmurod Kh. , Turmanova Raymash M. 
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the results of studies of the effect of isothermal annealing at temperatures T = 673¸1473 K in the time interval 5¸60 minutes on the electrical properties of silicon, simultaneously alloyed with nickel and copper. Samples of n-Si<Ni,Cu> were obtained on the basis of the starting material - single-crystal silicon, grown by the Czochralski method with the initial resistivity r = 0.3 Ohm×cm. Diffusion was carried out at a temperature of 1523 K for 2 hours. After that, the samples were cooled at a rate of 0.1 K/s. The morphological parameters of impurity nickel and copper atom clusters formed in the bulk of silicon were measured by electron probe microanalysis on a modern Superprobe JXA-8800R setup. As it turned out, in the volume of n-Si<Ni,Cu> samples, clusters of impurity atoms with different geometric shapes are formed, the sizes of which reach up to 500 nm. The electrical properties of the samples were studied by the Hall effect method using an Ecopia HMS-7000 instrument. It was revealed that under the influence of thermal annealing (TA) at T≥1273 K, impurity clusters decompose, which leads to an increase in the resistivity of n‑Si<Ni,Cu> samples. After exposure to TA at Т=1273 K for 15 minutes, the density of impurity nanoaccumulations of acicular and lenticular shapes sharply decreases in the sample volume. Under the influence of TA at T = 1473 K for 10 minutes in the volume of the sample, the decay of impurity nanoclusters with a spherical shape is observed. Also presented are the results of changes in the density of impurity clusters, as well as structural analyzes of the samples before and after exposure to thermal annealing.
Impact of Crystallite Size on Structural, Optical and Magnetic Characteristics of La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15MnO3 Nanocrystalline
Authors: Shukur Mohd Abdul , Kumar Katrapally Vijaya , Rao Gade Narsinga 
Published: October 2023

Nanocrystalline La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15MnO3 (LSCMO) manganites were prepared by the combustion process and heated to various annealing temperatures (TA) to get various sized crystallites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns provided evidence that a Rhombohedral structure with space group was formed. Additionally, an increase in the size of the crystallites was observed, from 15.64 to 36.78nm, as the temperature (TA) increased from 700℃ to 1300℃. The FESEM micrographs revealed that homogeneous with porosity. The FTIR spectra showed five absorption peaks. The Optical energy gap of LSCMO nanocrystalline is decreased from 3.51 to 3.28 eV as annealed temperature raised, reveals that the LSCMO nanoparticles are semiconductor in nature. Room temperature Raman spectra of LSCMO nanoparticles demonstrate a notable reliance on annealing temperature. When the Raman modes were analysed with respect to TA, it was observed that the Raman vibrational phonon mode below 200cm-1 (A1g) and four modes (Eg) in the range 200-800cm-1 displayed significant displacements and widening, which were associated with oxygen sublattice distortion. Considerable changes were observed in both the intensity and full width half maximum (FWHM) of the five Raman modes as the annealing temperature increased. Magnetic behaviour using M-H loop at room temperature were measured by the Vibrating sample magnetometer revealed that gradation of saturation magnetization as the function of annealing temperature. Hence there is a remarkable crystallite size effect on optical and magnetic properties of LSCMO nanocrystallites.
Isolation of Responsive Elements of Planar Multi-Element Photodiodes
Authors: Kukurudziak Mykola S. 
Published: October 2023

In the mass production of multi-element silicon p-i-n photodiodes, the problem of systematic rejection of products due to a decrease in the insulation resistance between the active elements of photodetectors has been revealed. The purpose of this work is to study the causes of insulation resistance degradation and to establish optimal methods for avoiding this phenomenon. A comparative analysis of three insulation methods was carried out: classical insulation by the surface of a non-conductive substrate and a dielectric layer; insulation by means of mesaprofile grooves with a dielectric film; insulation by means of areas of limitation of surface leakage channels isotypic with the substrate material (in this case, p+-type) formed in the gaps between active elements. The study found that the reason for the deterioration of the insulation resistance between the active elements of photodiodes is the presence of conductive inversion channels at the Si-SiO2 interface due to the use of silicon with high resistivity. One mechanism for the formation of inversion channels is the redistribution of impurities in the masking oxide (in particular, phosphorus) and their diffusion to the interface during thermal operations. Another mechanism for the formation of inversion layers is the diffusion of boron from silicon into SiO2 during heat treatment due to the fact that the boron segregation coefficient is less than one. In the manufacture of samples with insulation using non-conductive areas of the substrate, a decrease in insulation resistance was observed as the technological route was performed (after each subsequent operation, the resistance degraded). The degree of degradation can be reduced by reducing the duration of thermal operations. It has been shown that reducing the thickness of the masking oxide causes a decrease in insulation resistance. When using mesa-technology, it is possible to increase the insulation resistance by eliminating the high-temperature oxidation operation and, in fact, due to the absence of a masking coating during phosphorus deposition. Insulation by means of p+-type areas in the gaps between the active elements allows to obtain the highest insulation resistance values. The formation of these regions with a width of 100 μm in the gaps with a width of 200 μm allowed us to obtain an insulation resistance of 25-30 MΩ. To ensure the insulation of the active elements of photodiodes by this method, two thermal operations are added to the technological route. The number of thermal operations can be reduced by doping the entire silicon surface with a low boron concentration before forming a masking coating.
Effect of GeO2 Dopants in FBG Sensor Performance for Temperature and Strain
Authors: Jabbar Wasmaa A. , Hemed Ayser , Fadhala Mayyadah , Al-Baidhany Ismaeel 
Published: October 2023

In this simulation study, the response of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is investigated and optimized. Uniform and nonuniform FBG spectra with new component are suggested by fine selection with (COMSUL program) and compared theoretically under the effect of several external strain values (0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009 and 0.01). These two types operation have been examined by the Optisystem programmer. The measured sensitivity was based on VCSEL laser source with operation wavelengths of 1650, 1600, and 1550 nm via non-uniform and uniform configuration. The achieved sensitivity was found to have different values; 5.7, 2.6, and 1.77, while the highest observed sensitivity value is recorded at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Accordingly, this wavelength was chosen to advance the study. Temperatures of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees Celsius were applied. Measured sensitivity between them varied, and satisfied the following functions: sine, Gauss, and Boltzmann indicating altering in sensor responses.
The Effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Addition on the Shielding Properties Against Gamma Radiation
Authors: Altarawneh Moaz , Aladailaha Mutaz , Al-Madanat Osama 
Published: October 2023

In this work, the effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) addition on the materials shielding properties against Gamma radiation with an energy of 662 keV from a 137Cs source is investigated. The linear attenuation coefficient of MWCNTs-based materials (gelatin-water mixture) with MWCNTs concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10% is measured. To isolate the contribution of the MWCNTs unique structure to the shielding capabilities, samples with the same concentrations of activated carbon were fabricated and their linear attenuation coefficients were obtained. Also, the linear and the mass attenuation coefficients are obtained theoretically for the same concentrations using the XCOM program and compared with measured values. It is found that the addition of MWCNTs by 5% or 10% has increased the linear attenuation coefficient by around 5% when compared to the same concentrations of activated carbon. This increase in the shielding apabilities against gamma radiation can be related to the interaction of gamma radiation with the extraordinary geometry and structure of MWCNTs.
Obstacles of Diversifying Funding Sources at Najran University and Proposals for its Development According to the New Universities System
Authors: Al-Sabae Sadiq Ahmed , Maghrabah Fahd Saleh Qasem 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The objective of the current study is to investigate the obstacles of diversifying funding sources at Najran University in the light of Universities System No. 27 of 1441 from perspectives of academic and administrative leaders.

Theoretical framework: The importance of diversifying sources of funding for higher education is evident from its role in the quality of education, meeting the requirements for accreditation of programs and activities, and its effective presence in international classifications. Its multiple sources also help in relieving the burden on the state, in addition to preparing for local, national and regional development, in addition to its contribution to refining talents, unleashing youth energies, and providing them with life skills, through early training in practicing activity with the world of commerce and industry during university. In preparation for adopting their own projects.

Projeto/Metodologia/Abordagem: The researchers used the analytical descriptive method, and the tool consisted of a questionnaire of 40 phrases that were distributed to an intentional stratified sample of (90) of the leaders at the University of Najran.

Resultados: The results showed that the degree of obstacles of diversifying funding sources at Najran University, internal and external, is large; with an average of (3.77). The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the sample’s response according to the variables (type of job, level of employment, years of experience), while differences were found in favor of theoretical colleges in their response to external obstacles and the questionnaire as a whole. And differences were found in favor of the PhD qualification in their answers to the internal and external obstacles and the questionnaire as a whole.

Social applications, applications, and research: This research is useful in enhancing directions related to modernizing the university’s financial, administrative, and academic regulations; In accordance with the University Regulations No. 27 of 2019, enriching alternatives to diversify sources of self-financing for Saudi universities, especially Najran University, and raising the relationship between the university and its environment to the level of partnership.

Authenticity/valor: Based on the results, the researchers presented a brief vision of diversifying funding sources at Najran University; In order to ensure the interest of all parties, and to exploit the youthful energies of university students; To enable them to become entrepreneurs, realize themselves, contribute to the development of their universities and communities, and enhance governance; Involving relevant authorities in university decision-making.
EFL English Student’s Ability and Difficulties in Dealing with Academic Phrases
Authors: Syamsu Awaluddin , Hadijah Hadijah 
Published: October 2023

The high quality of academic writing is highly influenced by the sufficient use of academic phrases. This research examined the students with English major backgrounds in both English education and English literature and found their difficult recourses. This research developed an academic phrase test and adopted a questionnaire on students’ perception on the source of academic phrase difficulties. There were 58 respondents from English majors with 49 from English education and 9 from English literature. The result of the test indicated that the student’s ability in academic phrases needs to be improved. The students perceived those unfamiliar words usage, the absence of the syllabi, insufficient teaching, and less experience in using them are the source of difficulties. Therefore, it can be said that academic phraseology should be included in the English student’s curriculum to solve the student’s issues. By doing this students’ exposure to academic phrases can be also increased so they will have more experience dealing with the phrases and can resolve their unfamiliarity with the words used in academic phrases. The findings of this study suggest that students in the English background majors should be assisted with academic phrases lessons to improve their academic writing in general and academic phrase usage in particular.
Features of the implementation of the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2021-2024 in the Murmansk Region
Authors: Rasheva Natalia 
Published: October 2023

The prevention of corruption in all spheres of life, including in the public sphere, has been singled out by the President, the Government of the Russian Federation and the legislator as one of the priority areas for the activities of public authorities. The increased relevance of this issue is due to the special military operation being carried out today and the sanctions policy of unfriendly countries that is in force in relations with our country. Proper implementation of planned anti-corruption measures is a key task for all executive bodies of the Murmansk region.
In the author's publications published earlier, an assessment was made of the implementation of the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2018-2020 in the Murmansk Region and the role of executive bodies in this matter. As part of the study, the features of the implementation of the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2021-2024 in the Murmansk Region will be identified and promising directions for its development for 2023-2024 in the Murmansk Region will be formulated.
Separate results of the study are taken from the Report on the implementation of the Plan of Main Anti-Corruption Actions in the Murmansk Region in 2022, posted on the website of the Department for the Implementation of Anti-Corruption Policy of the Murmansk Region and from in-person attendance at the Meeting of the Commission for the Coordination of Anti-Corruption Work in the Murmansk Region, a member of which is the author of this article.