bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Language and Cognition Rehabilitation Outcomes of Post-stroke Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Apostolidis Kyriakos , Kokkotis Christos , Moustakidis Serafeim , Karakasis Evangelos , Sakellari Paraskevi , Koutra Christina , Tsiptsios Dimitrios , Karatzetzou Stella , Vadikolias Konstantinos , Aggelousis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disabilities in motor and cognition functionality. An early and accurate prediction of rehabilitation outcomes can lead to a tailor-made treatment that can significantly improve the post-stroke quality of life of a person. This scoping review aimed to summarize studies that use Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the prediction of language and cognition rehabilitation outcomes and the need to use AI in this domain. This study followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for two databases, Scopus and PubMed. The results, which are measured with several metrics depending on the task, regression, or classification, present encouraging outcomes as they can predict the cognitive functionality of post-stroke patients with relative precision. Among the results of the paper are the identification of the most effective Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, and the identification of the key factors that influence rehabilitation outcomes. The majority of studies focus on aphasia and present high performance achieving up to 97% recall and 91.4% precision. The main limitations of the studies were the small subject population and the lack of an external dataset. However, effective ML algorithms along with explainability are expected to become among the most prominent solutions for precision medicine due to their ability to overcome non-linearities on data and provide insights and transparent predictions that can help healthcare professionals make more informed and accurate decisions.
Jet Configurations Leading to Extreme Winter Temperatures Over Europe
Authors: García‐Burgos Marina , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Barriopedro David , García‐Herrera Ricardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe North Atlantic eddy‐driven jet (EDJ) is the main driver of winter weather in Europe and has often been described by its latitude or strength. Here, we show that the influence of the EDJ on European winter temperature extremes can be better characterized by a multiparametric perspective that accounts for additional aspects of the EDJ structure (tilt, zonal elongation, etc.). We identify four regions where extreme temperatures are distinctly associated with the EDJ: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Western Mediterranean (WMED). Overall, the anomalous horizontal advection induced by blockings during cold spells and enhanced westerlies during warm events is the main mechanism leading to extreme event occurrence. However, diabatic processes play an important role in WMED region. Both processes generate asymmetric effects in minimum and maximum temperatures contributing to higher intensities of cold than warm events. These extreme events are associated with different EDJ configurations, which typically involve perturbed EDJs during cold spells and strong tilted EDJs during warm events, but with important variations depending on the region. In almost every region, the combined effects of more than two EDJ parameters yield significant increases in the probability of cold and warm events, suggesting an oversimplification of traditional approaches based on a single EDJ parameter. We show, using logistic regression models, that, although important, latitude and intensity are often unable to discriminate unequivocally the region of extreme event occurrence, and in some regions, they do not drive the largest changes in the odds of extremes.
Palynofloral Change Through the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Korasidis Vera A. , Wing Scott L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo better understand the effect of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) on continental ecosystems, we studied 40 new palynological samples from the Bighorn Basin (BHB), northwestern Wyoming, USA. We see palm and fern abundances increase in the last 20–40 ka of the Paleocene, then dramatically with the onset of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) defining the base of the PETM. Palynomorphs of plant groups with modern temperate climate distributions are absent from the CIE body, and this is when tropical plants are most diverse and abundant. During the CIE recovery, pollen of mesophytic/wetland plants become more common while tropical taxa persist. In the post‐CIE early Eocene tropical taxa are rare and temperate forms abundant, similar to the late but not latest Paleocene. Changes in the palynoflora are more easily detected if reworked palynomorphs are removed from analyses. We interpret palynofloral changes to indicate warming in the latest Paleocene, rapid warming and drying with the CIE onset, dry tropical climates through the CIE body, a return to wetter floodplains during a very warm CIE recovery, and cooler wet conditions in the post‐PETM early Eocene. These inferences are consistent with geochemical and paleobotanical proxies. Strikingly similar patterns in the palynoflora and megaflora suggest changes in vegetation were a basin‐wide phenomenon. These rapid, climatically forced changes in floral composition occurred without major extinction, perhaps indicating nearby refugia in which plants adapted to cooler and wetter climates persisted through the PETM.
Using digital phenotyping to capture depression symptom variability: detecting naturalistic variability in depression symptoms across one year using passively collected wearable movement and sleep data
Authors: Price George D. , Heinz Michael V. , Song Seo Ho , Nemesure Matthew D. , Jacobson Nicholas C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) presents considerable challenges to diagnosis and management due to symptom variability across time. Only recent work has highlighted the clinical implications for interrogating depression symptom variability. Thus, the present work investigates how sociodemographic, comorbidity, movement, and sleep data is associated with long-term depression symptom variability. Participant information included (N = 939) baseline sociodemographic and comorbidity data, longitudinal, passively collected wearable data, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores collected over 12 months. An ensemble machine learning approach was used to detect long-term depression symptom variability via: (i) a domain-driven feature selection approach and (ii) an exhaustive feature-inclusion approach. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to interrogate variable importance and directionality. The composite domain-driven and exhaustive inclusion models were both capable of moderately detecting long-term depression symptom variability (r = 0.33 and r = 0.39, respectively). Our results indicate the incremental predictive validity of sociodemographic, comorbidity, and passively collected wearable movement and sleep data in detecting long-term depression symptom variability.
Peripheral immunity and risk of incident brain disorders: a prospective cohort study of 161,968 participants
Authors: Zhong Xiaoling , Qiang Yixuan , Wang Ling , Zhang Yaru , Li Jieqiong , Feng Jianfeng , Cheng Wei , Tan Lan , Yu Jintai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhether peripheral immunity prospectively influences brain health remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal associations between peripheral immunity markers with incident brain disorders. A total of 161,968 eligible participants from the UK Biobank were included. We investigated the linear and non-linear effects of peripheral immunity markers including differential leukocytes counts, their derived ratios and C-reactive protein (CRP) on the risk of dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety, using Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline models. Linear regression models were used to explore potential mechanisms driven by brain structures. During a median follow-up of 9.66 years, 16,241 participants developed brain disorders. Individuals with elevated innate immunity markers including neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) had an increased risk of brain disorders. Among these markers, neutrophils exhibited the most significant correlation with risk of dementia (hazard ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.12), stroke (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09), MDD (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10–1.16) and anxiety (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10). Subgroup analysis revealed age-specific and sex-specific associations between innate immunity markers with risk of dementia and MDD. Neuroimaging analysis highlighted the associations between peripheral immunity markers and alterations in multiple cortical, subcortical regions and white matter tracts, typically implicated in dementia and psychiatric disorders. These findings support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation is important to the etiology of various brain disorders, offering new insights into their potential therapeutic approaches.
Impact of IDO activation and alterations in the kynurenine pathway on hyperserotonemia, NAD+ production, and AhR activation in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Launay Jean-Marie , Delorme Richard , Pagan Cécile , Callebert Jacques , Leboyer Marion , Vodovar Nicolas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHyperserotonemia is the most replicated biochemical anomaly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and has been reported in 35–46% of individuals with ASD. Serotonin is synthesised from the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP). However, the main catabolic route of TRP is the kynurenine pathway (KP), which competes with serotonin synthesis when indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) is activated. Using the same cohort of individuals with ASD, we used to report extensive studies of the serotonin/melatonin pathway, and found increased kynurenine (KYN), suggesting IDO activation in 58.7% of individuals with ASD (159/271), supported by a strong negative correlation between KYN/TRP ratio and miR-153-3p plasma levels, which negatively regulates IDO. IDO activation was associated with normoserotonemia, suggesting that IDO activation could mask hyperserotonemia which meant that hyperserotonemia, if not masked by IDO activation, could be present in ~94% of individuals with ASD. We also identified several KP alterations, independent of IDO status. We observed a decrease in the activity of 3-hydroxyanthranilate dioxygenase which translated into the accumulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) selective ligand cinnabarinic acid, itself strongly positively correlated with the AhR target stanniocalcin 2. We also found a deficit in NAD+ production, the end-product of the KP, which was strongly correlated with plasma levels of oxytocin used as a stereotypical neuropeptide, indicating that regulated neuropeptide secretion could be limiting. These results strongly suggest that individuals with ASD exhibit low-grade chronic inflammation that is mediated in most cases by chronic AhR activation that could be associated with the highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorders observed in ASD, and explained IDO activation in ~58% of the cases. Taken together, these results extend biochemical anomalies of TRP catabolism to KP and posit TRP catabolism as a possible major component of ASD pathophysiology.
In vitro shear bond strength over zirconia and titanium alloy and degree of conversion of extraoral compared to intraoral self-adhesive resin cements
Authors: Fouquet Vincent , Dantagnan Claire-Adeline , Abdel-Gawad Sarah , Dursun Elisabeth , Attal Jean-Pierre , François Philippe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
Evaluation of the Shear bond strength over zirconia and titanium alloy and degree of conversion of extraoral compared to intraoral self-adhesive resin cements.

Materials and methods
Nine bonding protocols were carried out on zirconia 4Y-TZP and titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Seven resin cement (one extraoral and six intraoral) were tested in the shear bond strength test and the degree of conversion measurements.

Results
The significantly highest value was obtained for Monobond Plus + Multilink Hybrid Abutment, the extraoral resin cement for both titanium alloy (35.1 MPa) and zirconia (32.9 MPa). For each resin, significantly higher DC values were obtained for the dual-cure mode compared with the self-cure mode. Regardless of the cure mode, Nexus Universal reached the highest DC (78.4%).

Discussion/Conclusions
In this study, the extraoral self-curing resin cement showed the higher bond strength values on zirconia and titanium alloy when associated with a universal primer. Some intraoral dual-cure resin cements showed closed performances when used with universal primers. There is no direct correlation between the degree of conversion of the resin cement and the shear bond strength obtained on the prosthetic materials tested.
Role of ADAM and ADAMTS proteases in pathological tissue remodeling
Authors: Wang Zhaoni , Li Wanshan , Chen Shixing , Tang Xiao Xiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPathological tissue remodeling is closely associated with the occurrence and aggravation of various diseases. A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAM), as well as A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS), belong to zinc-dependent metalloproteinase superfamily, are involved in a range of pathological states, including cancer metastasis, inflammatory disorders, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Mounting studies suggest that ADAM and ADAMTS proteases contribute to the development of tissue remodeling in various diseases, mainly through the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and extracellular matrix remodeling. This review focuses on the roles of ADAM and ADAMTS proteinases in diseases with pathological tissue remodeling, with particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms through which ADAM and ADAMTS proteins mediate tissue remodeling. Some of these reported proteinases have defined protective or contributing roles in indicated diseases, while their underlying regulation is obscure. Future studies are warranted to better understand the catalytic and non-catalytic functions of ADAM and ADAMTS proteins, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of targeting these proteases in pathological tissue remodeling.
Green electrosynthesis of 3,3’-diamino-4,4’-azofurazan energetic materials coupled with energy-efficient hydrogen production over Pt-based catalysts
Authors: Li Jiachen , Ma Yuqiang , Zhang Cong , Zhang Chi , Ma Huijun , Guo Zhaoqi , Liu Ning , Xu Ming , Ma Haixia , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe broad employment of clean hydrogen through water electrolysis is restricted by large voltage requirement and energy consumption because of the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction. Here we demonstrate a novel alternative oxidation reaction of green electrosynthesis of valuable 3,3’-diamino-4,4’-azofurazan energetic materials and coupled with hydrogen production. Such a strategy could greatly decrease the hazard from the traditional synthetic condition of 3,3’-diamino-4,4’-azofurazan and achieve low-cell-voltage hydrogen production on WS2/Pt single-atom/nanoparticle catalyst. The assembled two-electrode electrolyzer could reach 10 and 100 mA cm–2 with ultralow cell voltages of 1.26 and 1.55 V and electricity consumption of only 3.01 and 3.70 kWh per m3 of H2 in contrast of the conventional water electrolysis (~5 kWh per m3). Density functional theory calculations combine with experimental design decipher the synergistic effect in WS2/Pt for promoting Volmer–Tafel kinetic rate during alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, while the oxidative-coupling of starting materials driven by free radical could be the underlying mechanism during the synthesis of 3,3’-diamino-4,4’-azofurazan. This work provides a promising avenue for the concurrent electrosynthesis of energetic materials and low-energy-consumption hydrogen production.
Thermally-induced atropisomerism promotes metal-organic cage construction
Authors: Liang Jiaqi , Lu Shuai , Yang Yang , Shen Yun-Jia , Bai Jin-Ku , Sun Xin , Chen Xu-Lang , Cui Jie , Guan Ai-Jiao , Xiang Jun-Feng , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Heng , Yang Yu-Dong , Gong Han-Yuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMolecular folding regulation with environmental stimuli is critical in living and artificial molecular machine systems. Herein, we described a macrocycle, cyclo[4] (1,3-(4,6-dimethyl)benzene)[4](1,3-(4,6-dimethyl)benzene)(4-pyridine). Under 298 K, it has three stable stiff atropisomers with names as1(Cssymmetry),2(Cssymmetry), and3(C4vsymmetry). At 393 K,1can reversibly transform into2, but at 473 K, it can irrevocably transform into3. At 338 K,3and (PhCN)2PdCl2complex to produce the metal-organic cage4. Only at 338 K does the combination of1or2and (PhCN)2PdCl2create a gel-like structure. Heating both gels to 473 K transforms them into4. In addition to offering a thermally accelerated method for modifying self-assembled systems using macrocyclic building blocks, this study also has the potential to develop the nanoscale transformation material with a thermal response.
RAAS-deficient organoids indicate delayed angiogenesis as a possible cause for autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis
Authors: Pode-Shakked Naomi , Slack Megan , Sundaram Nambirajan , Schreiber Ruth , McCracken Kyle W. , Dekel Benjamin , Helmrath Michael , Kopan Raphael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAutosomal Recessive Renal Tubular Dysgenesis (AR-RTD) is a fatal genetic disorder characterized by complete absence or severe depletion of proximal tubules (PT) in patients harboring pathogenic variants in genes involved in the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System. To uncover the pathomechanism of AR-RTD, differentiation of ACE-/- and AGTR1-/- induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and AR-RTD patient-derived iPSCs into kidney organoids is leveraged. Comprehensive marker analyses show that both mutant and control organoids generate indistinguishable PT in vitro under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions. Fully differentiated (d24) AGTR1-/- and control organoids transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice engraft and mature well, as do renal vesicle stage (d14) control organoids. By contrast, d14 AGTR1-/- organoids fail to engraft due to insufficient pro-angiogenic VEGF-A expression. Notably, growth under hypoxic conditions induces VEGF-A expression and rescues engraftment of AGTR1-/- organoids at d14, as does ectopic expression of VEGF-A. We propose that PT dysgenesis in AR-RTD is primarily a non-autonomous consequence of delayed angiogenesis, starving PT at a critical time in their development.
vcfdist: accurately benchmarking phased small variant calls in human genomes
Authors: Dunn Tim , Narayanasamy Satish 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccurately benchmarking small variant calling accuracy is critical for the continued improvement of human whole genome sequencing. In this work, we show that current variant calling evaluations are biased towards certain variant representations and may misrepresent the relative performance of different variant calling pipelines. We propose solutions, first exploring the affine gap parameter design space for complex variant representation and suggesting a standard. Next, we present our tool vcfdist and demonstrate the importance of enforcing local phasing for evaluation accuracy. We then introduce the notion of partial credit for mostly-correct calls and present an algorithm for clustering dependent variants. Lastly, we motivate using alignment distance metrics to supplement precision-recall curves for understanding variant calling performance. We evaluate the performance of 64 phased Truth Challenge V2 submissions and show that vcfdist improves measured insertion and deletion performance consistency across variant representations from R2 = 0.97243 for baseline vcfeval to 0.99996 for vcfdist.
Resonant exciton transfer in mixed-dimensional heterostructures for overcoming dimensional restrictions in optical processes
Authors: Fang N. , Chang Y. R. , Yamashita D. , Fujii S. , Maruyama M. , Gao Y. , Fong C. F. , Otsuka K. , Nagashio K. , Okada S. , Kato Y. K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNanomaterials exhibit unique optical phenomena, in particular excitonic quantum processes occurring at room temperature. The low dimensionality, however, imposes strict requirements for conventional optical excitation, and an approach for bypassing such restrictions is desirable. Here we report on exciton transfer in carbon-nanotube/tungsten-diselenide heterostructures, where band alignment can be systematically varied. The mixed-dimensional heterostructures display a pronounced exciton reservoir effect where the longer-lifetime excitons within the two-dimensional semiconductor are funneled into carbon nanotubes through diffusion. This new excitation pathway presents several advantages, including larger absorption areas, broadband spectral response, and polarization-independent efficiency. When band alignment is resonant, we observe substantially more efficient excitation via tungsten diselenide compared to direct excitation of the nanotube. We further demonstrate simultaneous bright emission from an array of carbon nanotubes with varied chiralities and orientations. Our findings show the potential of mixed-dimensional heterostructures and band alignment engineering for energy harvesting and quantum applications through exciton manipulation.
The role of experience in prioritizing hippocampal replay
Authors: Huelin Gorriz Marta , Takigawa Masahiro , Bendor Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring sleep, recent memories are replayed by the hippocampus, leading to their consolidation, with a higher priority given to salient experiences. To examine the role of replay in the selective strengthening of memories, we recorded large ensembles of hippocampal place cells while male rats ran repeated spatial trajectories on two linear tracks, differing in either their familiarity or number of laps run. We observed that during sleep, the rate of replay events for a given track increased proportionally with the number of spatial trajectories run by the animal. In contrast, the rate of sleep replay events decreased if the animal was more familiar with the track. Furthermore, we find that the cumulative number of awake replay events occurring during behavior, influenced by both the novelty and duration of an experience, predicts which memories are prioritized for sleep replay, providing a more parsimonious neural correlate for the selective strengthening of memories.