bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance and family business: a perspective article
Authors: Nakpodia Franklin 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe governance of family businesses has attracted considerable scrutiny among scholars and practitioners. This paper explores influences that have defined corporate governance practices in family firms in the last century and reflects on the possible direction of research and practice in the next century.Design/methodology/approachThis manuscript undertakes a literature review of past and recent literature investigating corporate governance practices within family businesses.FindingsThe evolution of corporate governance in the family business literature is underpinned by centralised decision-making structures, the need to overcome fundamental corporate governance challenges, the increasing relevance of family governance models and the recognition and adoption of contemporary trends in the corporate governance space. The review also suggests that corporate governance and family business research in the next century will be dominated by technology-based governance, sustainable governance, globalisation and the validation for multi-board structures, greater attention to succession planning and diversity, and channelling significant resources to innovation.Originality/valueThe paper synthesises developments in the corporate governance–family business literature and proposes a future perspective.
Exploring drivers of ecosystem-based livelihood diversification engagement: experiences from women in agri-based economy in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sachitra Vilani , Hettiarachchi Kanchana 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Ecosystem-based livelihood diversification (ESLD) approaches have been identified as one of the best solutions to alleviate poverty and improve living standards in rural communities in developing nations. This study aims to elucidate the motivations that drive Sri Lankan women in rural agri-based community to adopt ESLD activities.

Design/methodology/approach
The sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) five pillars were used as a theoretical framework. This study was carried out with women living in farmer families located in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. A purposive sampling technique was used, and semistructured interviews were performed with 46 women in a noncontrived setting. Deductive content analysis approach was used for answering research questions.

Findings
Making handcrafts using different plants, composting and home gardening are the major sources of ESLD of women in the study areas. Under the SLA factors, human resources include family size, education, vocational training, age and attitude. Social resources like participation in community work, family support received and becoming members in cooperatives encourage the women to partake in ESLD. Nonagriculture natural resources were considered as an incentive to engage in ESLD. Satisfaction with the income generated by the livelihood, other income sources and loans from the informal sector were the vital financial resources. Regarding the physical resources, the respondents were profound with infrastructure, marketplaces, training centers and tools/equipment.

Practical implications
Knowing the existing ESLD strategies and pointing out the determinant factors affecting women in practicing ESLD activities are unquestionably important in the provision of information to formulate an appropriate strategy for the development of the rural agri-based community.

Originality/value
Little is known about the ESLD efforts and the extent of adoption of ESLD practices by women in rural communities. The findings based on the SLA framework help to understand what is happening in livelihood diversifications in agri-based community and suggest important implications for the development of ESLD for the future.
Realigning human resource development in Saudi public universities: exploring equity and social justice theories
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammad , Ayentimi Desmond Tutu , Dayaram Kantha 
Published: November 2023

PurposeSaudi Arabia (SA) is amongst the few countries with a significant foreign workforce who are employed in the higher education sector. More specifically, 39% of SA's academic staff members are foreign nationals and 63% of that proportion occupy professorial positions. Drawing from a workforce localisation perspective, the study was framed as an exploration of equity and social justice amongst Saudi nationals and foreign nationals in a university work setting. The authors employ the lens of how human resource development (HRD) opportunities are administered.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the choice of an exploratory qualitative study, the authors employed a multi-case study approach where each of the six universities represented a unit of analysis.FindingsThe authors found that nationality differences influenced access to HRD opportunities. These differences are reinforced by practices associated with procedural processes, managerial discretion and selective restrictions in accessing HRD opportunities.Social implicationsThe findings have both practical and social implications, specifically for the SA government's strategic vision of developing local human capabilities.Originality/valueThe workforce localisation agenda within the higher education sector has both a compounding effect on local human capital and supports SA's 2030 Vision and human capital target. Nonetheless, perceived inequity and injustice in accessing HRD opportunities by foreign nationals potentially undermine morale, academic quality standards and research performance, which impacts the development of future human capital and the ‘Saudization’ goals.
Following the feeder: A global synthesis of disturbance‐based foraging associations of birds
Authors: Dominguez Jonah S. , Hauber Mark E. , Tarwater Corey E. , Williams Emily , MacDonald Sean , Strejc Bridget , Pollock Henry S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpecies interactions link animal behaviour to community structure and macroecological patterns of biodiversity. One common type of trophic species interaction is disturbance foraging—the act of obtaining food at a disturbance created by another organism. Disturbance foraging is widespread across the animal kingdom, especially among birds, yet previous research has been largely anecdotal and we still lack a synthetic understanding of how this behaviour varies geographically, phylogenetically and ecologically. To address these gaps, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to test focal hypotheses about disturbance foraging behaviour in birds. We found that avian disturbance foraging was geographically ubiquitous, occurring in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats across six continents and four oceans. Consistent with predictions based on established species diversity gradients in different habitat types, the majority of terrestrial observations occurred at tropical latitudes, whereas aquatic observations took place most frequently in temperate marine waters. Although disturbance foraging was widespread across the avian phylogeny, contrary to our prediction, the behaviour was also conserved phylogenetically (Pagel's λ = 0.7) and clustered within suboscine landbirds in terrestrial environments and seabirds in aquatic environments. Similarly, although disturbers were taxonomically diverse as we predicted, interactions were unexpectedly dominated by swarm‐raiding ants in terrestrial environments and cetaceans in aquatic environments. Diet and body mass were also important predictors of disturbance foraging associations: Responders followed disturbers with similar diets and larger body sizes. Overall, our hypothesis‐testing framework provides insight into the importance of geography, phylogeny and ecology as predictors of disturbance foraging behaviour. We anticipate that this comprehensive assessment of disturbance foraging will serve to generate additional hypotheses and spark future research and management considerations about this fascinating but poorly studied suite of species interactions, especially as biotic interactions face unprecedented risks in our rapidly changing world.
What Makes Fund Managers Leave Their Jobs Faster?
Authors: Karoglou Michail , Liu Jia , Stafylas Dimitrios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe examine fund managers’ mobility across different funds and the factors associated with their moving to new posts. Based on a comprehensive and unique dataset of open‐ended funds of the booming Chinese mutual fund industry, we model the duration of a fund manager's service as a time‐to‐event counting process and examine how the prevailing market conditions, the manager's performance and the risk profile of the fund determine how long the manager will remain in post. Our study establishes that managerial performance and rising rather than falling markets are the two main factors that make managers less likely to remain in their posts. In contrast, the riskier the profile of the fund with respect to the market, the less likely it is that a manager will move. When all factors are considered, it appears that open‐ended fund managers leave their posts when offered better employment prospects rather than when confronted by market adversity. Our study provides a novel insight into the optimization of investment decisions and encourages regulators to scrutinize the disclosure of appropriate information to investors regarding fund manager changes.
The effect of online ad campaigns on DDoS‐attacks: A cross‐national difference‐in‐differences quasi‐experiment
Authors: Moneva Asier , Leukfeldt Rutger 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryEuropean law enforcement agencies have begun to use targeted online ad campaigns to raise cybercrime awareness among at‐risk populations. Despite their rapid proliferation, there is little research to support their efficacy and effectiveness. This study uses a quasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences design to evaluate the effect of seven campaigns deployed in 2021 and 2022 on the volume of (distributed) denial‐of‐service or (D)DoS‐attacks recorded in six European countries: Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Portugal. The results show mixed effects, suggesting that the campaigns are not clearly effective in reducing DDoS‐attacks in the short term.Policy ImplicationsLaw enforcement has partly justified the use of targeted online ad campaigns on the premise that they reduce DDoS‐attacks. However, this study shows that the evidence in this regard is inconclusive. If public support for the use of such campaigns is to be secured in the long term, law enforcement will likely need to rely on stronger arguments. The effect of this type of campaigns needs to be further investigated.
Comparison of medical resources and costs among patients with coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance in the Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation trial
Authors: Morrow Liam Mc , Becker Frauke , Coleman Ruth L. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Rydén Lars , Schöder Stefan , Gray Alastair M. , Leal Jose , Holman Rury R. ,   for the ACE Study Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation (ACE) trial (ISRCTN91899513) evaluated the alpha‐glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, compared with placebo, in 6522 patients with coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance in China and showed a reduced incidence of diabetes. We assessed the within‐trial medical resource use and costs, and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs).MethodsResource use data were collected prospectively within the ACE trial. Hospitalizations, medications, and outpatient visits were valued using Chinese unit costs. Medication use was measured in drug days, with cardiovascular and diabetes drugs summed across the trial by participant. Health‐related quality of life was captured using the EuroQol‐5 Dimension‐3 Level questionnaire. Regression analyses were used to compare resource use, costs, and QALYs, accounting for regional variation. Costs and QALYs were discounted at 3% yearly.ResultsHospitalizations were 6% higher in the acarbose arm during the trial (rate ratio 1.06, p = .009), but there were no significant differences in total inpatient days (rate ratio 1.04, p = .30). Total costs per participant, including study drug, were significantly higher for acarbose (¥ [Yuan] 56 480, £6213), compared with placebo (¥48 079, £5289; mean ratio 1.18, p < 0.001). QALYs reported by participants in the acarbose arm (3.96 QALYs) were marginally higher than in the placebo arm (3.95 QALYs), but the difference was not statistically significant (0.01 QALYs; p = .58).ConclusionsAcarbose, compared with placebo, participants cost more due to study drug costs and reported no statistically significant difference in QALYs. These higher within‐trial costs could potentially be offset in future by savings from the acarbose‐related lower incidence of diabetes.
Nomogram based on multiparametric analysis of early‐stage breast cancer: Prediction of high burden metastatic axillary lymph nodes
Authors: Li Ling , Zhao Jing , Zhang Yu , Pan Zhanyu , Zhang Jin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Z0011 and AMAROS trials found that axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was no longer mandatory for early‐stage breast cancer patients who had one or two metastatic axillary lymph nodes (mALNs). The aim of our study was to establish a nomogram which could be used to quantitatively predict the individual likelihood of high burden mALN (≥3 mALN).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 564 women with early breast cancer who had all undergone both ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine axillary lymph nodes before radical surgery. All the patients were divided into training (n = 452) and validation (n = 112) cohorts by computer‐generated random numbers. Their clinicopathological features and preoperative imaging associated with high burden mALNs were evaluated by logistic regression analysis to develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of high burden mALNs.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that high burden mALNs were significantly associated with replaced hilum and the shortest diameter >10 mm on MRI, with cortex thickness >3 mm on US (p < 0.05 each). These imaging criteria plus higher grade (grades II and III) and quadrant of breast tumor were used to develop a nomogram calculating the probability of high burden mALNs. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.853 (95% CI: 0.790–0.908) for the training set and 0.783 (95% CI: 0.638–0.929) for the validation set. Both internal and external validation evaluated the accuracy of nomogram to be good.ConclusionA well‐discriminated nomogram was developed to predict the high burden mALN in early‐stage breast patients, which may assist the breast surgeon in choosing the appropriate surgical approach.
Natural course of pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis from childhood to adulthood: A 20‐year follow up
Authors: Lindqvist Magnus , Leth‐Møller Katja Biering , Linneberg Allan , Kull Inger , Bergström Anna , Georgellis Antonios , Borres Magnus P. , Ekebom Agneta , van Hage Marianne , Melén Erik , Westman Marit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. There are limited prospective long‐term data regarding persistency and remission of AR. The objective of this study was to investigate the natural course of pollen‐induced AR (pollen‐AR) over 20 years, from childhood into early adulthood.MethodsData from 1137 subjects in the Barn/Children Allergi/Allergy Milieu Stockholm Epidemiologic birth cohort (BAMSE) with a completed questionnaire regarding symptoms, asthma, treatment with allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and results of allergen‐specific IgE for inhalant allergens at 4, 8, 16 and 24 years were analyzed. Pollen‐AR was defined as sneezing, runny, itchy or blocked nose; and itchy or watery eyes when exposed to birch and/or grass pollen in combination with allergen‐specific IgE ≥0.35kUA/L to birch and/or grass.ResultsApproximately 75% of children with pollen‐AR at 4 or 8 years had persistent disease up to 24 years, and 30% developed asthma. The probability of persistency was high already at low levels of pollen‐specific IgE. The highest rate of remission from pollen‐AR was seen between 16 and 24 years (21.5%); however, the majority remained sensitized. This period was also when pollen‐specific IgE‐levels stopped increasing and the average estimated annual incidence of pollen‐AR decreased from 1.5% to 0.8% per year.ConclusionChildren with pollen‐AR are at high risk of persistent disease for at least 20 years. Childhood up to adolescence seems to be the most dynamic period of AR progression. Our findings underline the close cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationship between sensitization, AR and asthma.
Differential presentation of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin and oxaliplatin: Phenotypes, endotypes, and management with desensitization
Authors: Jimenez‐Rodriguez Teodorikez‐Wilfox , de las Vecillas Leticia , Labella Marina , Lynch Donna‐Marie , Besz Kylie Marie , Marquis Kathleen , Burgos Amparo , Soriano Gomis Victor , Lozano Inmaculada , Antón Rosa Ana Montoyo , de la Calle Francisco Marco , González Delgado María Purificación , Gutiérrez Aurora , Montenegro Estefanía , Rodríguez Fernando , Fernández Sánchez Francisco Javier , Castells Mariana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to platinum‐based drugs are heterogenous and restrict their access, and drug desensitization (DD) has provided a ground‐breaking procedure for their re‐introduction, although the response is heterogeneous. We aimed to identify the phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers of reactions to carboplatin and oxaliplatin and their response to DD.MethodsSeventy‐nine patients presenting with DHRs to oxaliplatin (N = 46) and carboplatin (N = 33) were evaluated at the Allergy Departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Spain. Patient symptoms, skin testing, biomarkers, and outcomes of 267 DDs were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOxaliplatin‐reactive patients presented with type I (74%), cytokine release reaction (CRR) (11%), and mixed (Mx) (15%) phenotypes. In contrast, carboplatin reactive patients presented with predominantly type I (85%) and Mx (15%) but no CRRs. Out of 267 DDs, breakthrough reactions (BTRs) to oxaliplatin occurred twice as frequently as carboplatin (32% vs. 15%; p < .05). Phenotype switching from type I to another phenotype was observed in 46% of oxaliplatin DDs compared to 21% of carboplatin DDs. Tryptase was elevated in type I and Mx reactions, and IL‐6 in CRR and Mx, indicating different mechanisms and endotypes.ConclusionCarboplatin and oxaliplatin induced three different types of reactions with defined phenotypes and endotypes amendable to DD. Although most of the initial reactions for both were type I, oxaliplatin presented with unique CRR reactions. During DD, carboplatin reactive patients presented mostly type I BTR, while oxaliplatin‐reactive patients frequently switched from type I to CRR, providing a critical difference and the need for personalized DD protocols.
Do patients dialysing with higher ultrafiltration rates report more intradialytic symptoms and longer postdialysis recovery times?
Authors: Yoowannakul Suree , Vongsanim Surachet , Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Davenport Andrew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany hemodialysis (HD) patients report intradialytic symptoms, and take time to recover postdialysis. To improve quality of life, patient groups have highlighted the need to reduce postdialysis fatigue and other peridialytic symptoms. As compartmental shifts of fluid during dialysis have been proposed to cause peridialytic symptoms we investigated whether patients dialysing with higher ultrafiltration rates (UFR) reported more intradialytic symptoms and recovery times.MethodsWe reviewed the hospital records of HD patients who completed a self‐reported intradialytic symptom questionnaire, using a visual analogue scale, who had contemporaneous midweek pre‐ and postdialysis segmental bioimpedance measurements.ResultsSix hundred and five patients returned the peridialytic symptom questionnaire with pre‐ and postdialysis bioimpedance measurements. The majority were male (64.8%), mean age 64.2 ± 15.6 years, duration of dialysis treatment 26.8 (10.7–59.2) months, 85% treated by hemodiafiltration and mean dialysate temperature 35.4 ± 0.4°C. We divided patients into terciles according to UFR adjusted for weight, and there was a greater fall in the ratio of extracellular water (ECW) to total body water (TBW) postdialysis in the nonfistula arm from the lower to middle to higher tercile (0.8 (0–1.54) vs. 1.28 (0.52–1.85) vs. 1.54 (0.78–2.52)), trunk (1.5 (0.74–2.27) vs. 1.53 (0.99–2.2) vs. 1.98 (1.18–2.66)), left leg (1.56 (0.49–2.25) vs. 1.77 (1.24–2.43) vs. 2.08 (1.18–2.95)), lower versus higher tercile p < 0.05. However, no differences in intradialytic symptoms or postdialysis recovery times between the UFR terciles were observed.ConclusionThere were no differences in self‐reported intradialytic symptoms or postdialysis recovery times with differing UFRs, despite changes in intracompartmental fluid shifts as measured by changes in ECW/TBW.
Community violence and early childhood language development: The moderating role of maternal efficacy and satisfaction
Authors: Abufhele Alejandra , Laurito Agustina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper estimates the acute effect of community‐level homicides on early childhood language development and explores the moderating role of maternal efficacy and satisfaction in Chile. It uses data from the 2017 wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey of Chilean Children (N = 1194, Mage: 52.8 months, 52% girls). Children in municipalities with homicides 1 month before the Peabody Picture Vocabulary assessment scored between 0.18 and 0.41 SDs lower compared to children in the same municipality but for whom homicides happened after the assessment. On average, higher maternal satisfaction appears to have a protective effect, though it dissipates in the most violent municipalities. Evidence that higher maternal efficacy protects children from the negative effects of violence is inconclusive.