bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Screening Constants for Different Physical Properties. I
Authors: Sanders William A. , Hirschfelder Joseph O. 
Published: January 2005

Expectation values of properties other than energy are calculated for the ground state of the two-electron atom with arbitrary nuclear charge. The calculations are designed to test the use of simple wavefunctions with embedded screening constants, where different screening constants are used for different properties. The results are compared with the perturbation expansion of Scherr and Knight, who have determined a large number of properties correct through sixth order.
Dalgarno has suggested that a screening constant be chosen so as to make the first-order perturbation correction vanish for the property under consideration. Robinson has shown that this choice is equivalent to the requirement that the zeroth-order wavefunction satisfy a hypervirial relation, where the hypervirial generator is related to the property through a differential equation. This procedure gives excellent numerical results for properties having positive definite operators.
For the particular examples considered here (but not generally), Dalgarno's method gives expectation values which are too small. When applicable, slight improvements are obtained by maximizing the expectation value calculated with the zeroth and first-order wavefunctions.
The effect of journal title changes on impact factors
Authors: Tempest David 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTOne of the most misunderstood aspects of journal management is the effect of journal title changes on the ThomsonScientific impact factor. This study analyses journals that changed their title in 1994 and 1995 and ascertains the period of time taken to recover the impact factor. Effects of subject classification and of the size of the journal are also investigated to see if recovery time depends on them. The analysis shows that recovery times are longer than predicted. Suggestions are made on how publishers may approach communication of journal title changes to minimize the effects on the impact factor.
Un univers mécanique: la machine chez Alfred Jarry
Authors: Dubbelboer Marieke 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Dans l'œuvre d'Alfred Jarry, notamment dans son roman
Le Surmâle
(1902), figurent un grand nombre de machines. Cet article essaie de montrer non seulement les idées et les fascinations qui s'expriment dans cette représentation de la machine, mais aussi l'originalité de cette représentation dans l'histoire littéraire. Au dix-neuvième siècle une exploitation dichotomique du thème est à remarquer dans laquelle la machine symbolise un progrès voulu ou non voulu. Dans son œuvre, Jarry monte de différentes machines, réelles et imaginaires, par lesquelles il exprime certains motifs importants: dynamisme, vitesse, sexualité, mort. En analysant ces motifs, cet article montre l'originalité de Jarry. En comparant Jarry à ses contemporains
fin-de-siècle
et aux mouvements d'avant-garde (futurisme, surréalisme, dadaïsme), il se révèle que la machine chez Jarry est plutôt détachée de toute idéologie. Il se distancie de l'exploitation dichotomique du thème et se sert du thème de façon humoriste. Ce qui reste est un rapport imaginaire et ludique avec la machine.
Nathalie Sarraute's Accent: The Poetry of
Tropismes
Authors: Kawakami Akane 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

This article explores the basis for Nathalie Sarraute's insistence that her work be classified as poetry rather than prose. The article shows that the roots of this preference can be found in her theoretical writings, which are put into practice in her creative works. Their ‘poetic’ quality is analysed using the tools of prosody, specifically on extracts from her collection of prose poems,
Tropismes
. This exercise throws up interesting theoretical resemblances between Sarraute and Proust: they share an extreme sensitivity to the aural aspect of written texts. The prosodic analysis also offers a new method of exploring the Sarrautean tropism, that is to say in terms of poetic accent: the nature of the tropism is reconsidered in the context of late nineteenth-century theories of speech rhythms, and compared with the notion of the ‘accent d'impulsion’.
Antigen‐Specific β‐Chemokine Production and CD8+ T‐Cell Noncytotoxic Antiviral Activity in HIV‐2‐Infected Individuals
Authors: Ahmed R. K. S. , Norrgren H. , Da Silva Z. , Blaxhult A. , Fredriksson E.‐L. , Biberfeld G. , Andersson S. , Thorstensson R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus‐2 (HIV‐2) is less pathogenic than HIV‐1, and the disease progression in HIV‐2‐infected individuals seems to be similar to that seen in HIV‐1‐infected long‐term nonprogressors. Cell‐mediated immune responses and the production of noncytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell antiviral factors (CAF) and β‐chemokines have been correlated to protection against HIV‐1 and associated with asymptomatic infection and slower disease progression. We investigated the antigen‐induced β‐chemokine production in HIV‐2‐infected patients living in Sweden and in Guinea‐Bissau. We also compared in vitro CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated noncytotoxic antiviral activity against β‐chemokine‐sensitive R5 virus (HIV‐1Bal) and β‐chemokine‐insensitive X4 virus (HIV‐1IIIB) in HIV‐2‐infected patients with that in HIV‐1‐infected patients. HIV‐2‐specific β‐chemokine production was demonstrated in a majority of the HIV‐2‐infected subjects. CD8+ T cells of both HIV‐1 and HIV‐2‐infected individuals suppressed R5 virus replication in vitro in a similar manner, while the inhibition of X4 virus replication seemed to be more frequent and of a higher magnitude among HIV‐2‐infected patients compared to HIV‐1‐infected subjects. Taken together, our results indicate that the production of CD8+ T‐cell noncytotoxic antiviral factors may contribute to the low transmission of the virus and slower disease progression in HIV‐2‐infected patients.
RAGE is the Major Receptor for the Proinflammatory Activity of HMGB1 in Rodent Macrophages
Authors: Kokkola R. , Andersson Å. , Mullins G. , Östberg T. , Treutiger C.‐J. , Arnold B. , Nawroth P. , Andersson U. , Harris R. A. , Harris H. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) is a protein with both intranuclear functions and extracellular cytokine‐like effects. In this report, we study possible candidate receptors for HMGB1 on macrophages (Mφ) and define pathways activated by HMGB1 binding. Bone marrow Mφ were prepared from Dark Agouti (DA) rats and stimulated in vitro with HMGB1. The kinetics of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production, NO production, activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), p44/42 MAPK‐ and SAPK/JNK‐signalling pathways, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and HMGB1‐induced upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 were analysed. Mφ from interleukin (IL)‐1 receptor type I–/–, Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2–/–) and RAGE–/– mice were used to investigate the role of these receptors in HMGB1 signalling. HMGB1 induced TNF and NO production by Mφ, phosphorylation of all investigated MAP kinase pathways and NF‐κB translocation, and expression of MHC class II was increased. Mφ from RAGE–/– mice produced significantly lower amounts of TNF, IL‐1β and IL‐6, while IL‐1RI–/– and TLR2–/– Mφ produced cytokine levels comparable with wildtype controls in response to HMGB1 stimulation. We conclude that HMGB1 has the potential to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in Mφ, with RAGE as the major activation‐inducing receptor.
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 is Expressed in Adenoidal Crypt Epithelial Cells
Authors: Pajusto M. , Tarkkanen J. , Mattila P. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe adenoidal epithelial crypt is a potential site of antigen transport from pharyngeal lumen to adenoidal tissue. The base of the crypt is consistently infiltrated with leucocytes, forming a reticular lymphoepithelial structure. To evaluate mechanisms that possibly mediate leucocyte infiltration, expressions of leucocyte adhesion molecules, such as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) (CD31), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) (CD106) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) (CD54), were studied in the adenoidal epithelial crypt. Epithelial cells in the outer opening of the adenoidal crypt were positive for VCAM‐1, whereas epithelial cells at the base of the crypt were positive for PECAM‐1. Isolated ICAM‐1‐expressing cells were found throughout the epithelial crypt. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that the epithelial cells positive for PECAM‐1 or VCAM‐1 were positive for cytokeratin. The expression of PECAM‐1 in the base and VCAM‐1 at the orifice of the adenoidal epithelial crypt implies that the base and the orifice of the crypt have a distinct ability to recruit leucocytes. Epithelial cells expressing PECAM‐1 may have a role in the formation of the reticular lymphoepithelial structure in the epithelial crypt.
Understanding the French 2003 Heat Wave Experience: Beyond the heat, a Multi‐Layered Challenge
Authors: Lagadec Patrick 
Published: January 2005

The 2003 heat wave killed nearly 15,000 people in France. It was a stealth killer. “We did not notice anything”, as the Minister of Health declared to the Parliamentary Commission. It is of crucial importance to understand the keys to this collective failure, which has much in common with the Chicago experience in 1995 –the lessons of which had not been grasped nor learned.A four‐layered challenge explains the fiasco. The emergency challenge, which is not the realm of bureaucracies outside the “9/11” bodies. The crisis management challenge, largely documented since the 80s and the 90s, but still poorly known by most organisations, in France and elsewhere. The unconventional crisis challenge, emerging more and more today with “outside‐of‐the‐box” scenarios – and for which very few are ready to prepare, in any country in the world. The “texture” challenge, when the whole fabric of our complex systems (rather than just some specific segment) is suddenly deeply affected — an entirely new front‐line in the crisis world, which urges to switch from a mechanical or an architectural to a more “biological” approach to read, seize, and handle emerging csrises.The 2003 heat fiasco compels us to prepare for far more than climate‐related crises. It calls for a fresh and bold look at our crisis paradigms. As General Foch said: “Gunfire kills, but so do outdated visions”.
Patterns of alcohol consumption and Helicobacter pylori infection: results of a population‐based study from Germany among 6545 adults
Authors: Kuepper‐Nybelen J. , Thefeld W. , Rothenbacher D. , Brenner H. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : Moderate alcohol consumption has been suggested to facilitate elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection.Aim : To investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and infection with H. pylori, with particular consideration of the role of age, different alcoholic beverages and specific drinking habits.Methods : These issues were addressed in the German National Health Survey, conducted in a representative population sample between October 1997 and March 1999. Overall, 6545 subjects provided data on frequency and average amount of different alcoholic beverages consumed. H. pylori infection status was measured by serum immunoglobulin G antibodies.Results : Seroprevalence of the infection was highest among subjects who reported drinking no alcohol (49.3%) and lowest among subjects consuming 25–50 g alcohol/day (35.2%, adjusted odds ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.75). This inverse association was consistently seen for different alcoholic beverages and in all age groups and it was particularly pronounced among women and among regular but moderate drinkers. There was also an inverse dose–response relationship between the frequency of alcohol consumption and H. pylori infection.Conclusions : This analysis supports suggestions that regular but moderate consumption of alcohol from various sources may facilitate elimination of H. pylori infection.
Evaluation of anti‐Helicobacter pylori IgG2 antibody for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in western and Chinese populations
Authors: Ren Z. , Borody T. , Pang G. , Dunkley M. , Clancy R. , Xia H. H. X. , Chu K. M. , Wong J. , Wong B. C. Y. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : The performance of commercial Helicobacter pylori diagnostic kits developed for particular geographic regions has often been found to be of poor diagnostic value when applied to other regions, possibly because of infections being caused by different H. pylori strains in different regions.Aim : To evaluate the performance of an IgG2 anti‐H. pylori enzyme‐linked immunoassay test (Helirad Alert) for detection of H. pylori infection in both Australian and Hong Kong (Chinese) subjects.Methods : Serum samples were tested for H. pylori specific IgG2 and IgG antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunoassay kits using identical antigen preparation in 168 Australian and 160 Hong Kong (Chinese) subjects diagnosed with dyspepsia.Results : Using a cut‐off value determined by analysis of H. pylori‐negative Australian samples, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the IgG2 assay were 77.8, 97.4 and 91.1%, respectively, for the Australian samples and 96.3, 83.8 and 90% for Hong Kong samples. For the IgG assay, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 87.0, 99.1 and 95.2% for Australian samples and 97.5, 75 and 86.3% for Hong Kong samples respectively. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis showed better discrimination of H. pylori status when the IgG2 assay was applied to Hong Kong samples, while the IgG assay was better in the Australian samples.Conclusion : These data demonstrate that the Helirad Alert enzyme‐linked immunoassay could provide a reliable method for screening H. pylori infection in both western and Chinese populations.
Tegaserod is effective in the initial and retreatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: Müller‐Lissner S. , Holtmann G. , Rueegg P. , Weidinger G. , Löffler H. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are often cyclical and thus may require repeated rather than continuous therapy. Tegaserod is effective and well‐tolerated for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation but data on retreatment are lacking.Aim : To assess whether tegaserod retreatment is as efficacious and well‐tolerated as initial treatment in a primary care setting.Methods : This open‐label trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of tegaserod under real‐life conditions. Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients received tegaserod 6 mg b.d. for 12 weeks; response was assessed at weeks 4 and 12. Responders (those achieving satisfactory relief for at least 2 of the previous 4 weeks) at weeks 4 and/or 12 entered an 8‐week withdrawal period where symptom recurrence was assessed. Patients experiencing recurrence could receive tegaserod 6 mg b.d. for another 4 weeks (retreatment phase) and on completion, could choose to continue tegaserod in a 6‐month extension study.Results : A total of 513 patients received initial treatment with tegaserod; 85.0% (436 of 513) responded. 403 responders entered the withdrawal period; symptoms recurred in 83.9% (338 of 403) after a mean of 38 days. Of the 307 patients who subsequently entered retreatment 89.3% (274 of 307) responded. Among patients entering the retreatment period, 269 (87.6%) had responded within the first 4 weeks of initial treatment. Of these, 243 (90.3%) responded to tegaserod retreatment. Adverse events were infrequent and similar during 4 weeks of the initial treatment period (11.1%) and on retreatment (10.4%). The extension study, completed by 188 of 232 (81.0%) patients, demonstrated good long‐term tolerability of tegaserod.Conclusions : Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients can be successfully treated, and retreated, with tegaserod 6 mg b.d. Tegaserod was well‐tolerated during initial and retreatment periods.
Discontinuation of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in patients who are not responding to therapy – patients’ views of early cessation of therapy
Authors: D'Souza R. , Main J. , Crossey M. , Rosenberg W. , Murray‐Lyon I. M. , Hayward C. , Foster G. R. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : Current therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection involves a course of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Patients who do not show a virological response after 12 weeks of therapy have a low probability of sustained virological response and it is therefore recommended that such patients stop treatment.Aim : To assess patients’ views of early treatment cessation.Methods : We conducted a open‐labelled study in three UK centres, in which patients with biopsy‐proven chronic hepatitis C requiring therapy were offered the choice of a full course of therapy with 40 kDa pegylated interferon‐α 2a plus ribavirin (24 or 48 weeks depending on viral genotype) or early cessation if therapy had failed after 12 weeks.Results : Ninety‐five participants were enrolled and the majority (69%) did not wish to discontinue therapy even if it had low probability of success. In this unselected UK population, very few patients (4%) did not achieve an early virological response with the 40‐kDa pegylated interferon‐α 2a plus ribavirin and two of the four early virological non‐responders decided to continue therapy.Conclusion : Early discontinuation of ‘ineffective’ anti‐viral therapy may prove less popular with patients than with health care providers, and further patient‐directed education regarding the cost‐effectiveness of therapy will be needed if early discontinuation of unsuccessful therapy is to be accepted by patients.
Review article: portal vein thrombosis – new insights into aetiology and management
Authors: Webster G. J. M. , Burroughs A. K. , Riordan S. M. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryPortal vein thrombosis may occur in the presence or absence of underlying liver disease, and a combination of local and systemic factors are increasingly recognized to be important in its development. Acute and chronic portal vein thrombosis have traditionally been considered separately, although a clear clinical distinction may be difficult. Gastrooesophageal varices are an important complication of portal vein thrombosis, but they follow a different natural history to those with portal hypertension related to cirrhosis. Consensus on optimal treatment continues to be hampered by a lack of randomized trials, but recent studies demonstrate the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in acute thrombosis, and the apparent safety and benefit of anticoagulation in patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of therapy with interferon‐α and pegylated interferon‐α/ribavirin on platelet plug formation and von Willebrand factor release in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Homoncik M. , Ferlitsch A. , Ferenci P. , Formann E. , Jilma B. , Gangl A. , Panzer S. , Peck‐Radosavljevic M. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : A pegylated interferon‐alpha‐induced decrease in platelet counts may become a limiting factor for continuation of therapy.Aim : To evaluate the effect of pegylated interferon‐α administration on platelet plug formation and von Willebrand factor antigen release in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Methods : Thirty patients with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1; fibrosis 1–3: n = 16, cirrhosis: n = 14) received a single dose of 9 MU interferon‐α2a, followed by weekly administration of 180 μg of pegylated interferon‐α2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. Platelet counts, platelet function (collagen–epinephrine‐induced closure time) and von Willebrand factor antigen were measured.Results : Platelet counts and collagen–epinephrine‐induced closure time decreased by 13% and 16%, respectively, 24 h after the first dose of interferon‐α2a, and von Willebrand factor antigen levels increased by 31% (P < 0.01) compared with baseline. During a 48‐week observation period, platelet counts decreased by a maximum of 33% (P < 0.001), von Willebrand factor antigen levels increased by 69% (P < 0.001) whereas collagen–epinephrine‐induced closure time did not change. In noncirrhotic patients, the increase of von Willebrand factor antigen levels was maintained throughout therapy without a change in collagen–epinephrine‐induced closure time. In contrast, in cirrhotics, von Willebrand factor antigen levels did not increase, while collagen–epinephrine‐induced closure time was prolonged.Conclusion : Single‐dose interferon‐α decreases platelet counts but improves platelet function, possibly by the release of von Willebrand factor antigen. Accordingly, long‐term antiviral treatment had no effect on collagen–epinephrine‐induced closure time, despite the decrease in platelet count in noncirrhotic patients. Such a compensation of decreased platelet counts by increased von Willebrand factor antigen level did not occur in cirrhotics.
Comparison of the intubating laryngeal mask airway and laryngeal tube placement during manual in‐line stabilisation of the neck
Authors: Komatsu R. , Nagata O. , Kamata K. , Yamagata K. , Sessler D. I. , Ozaki M. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryWe compared the placement of the laryngeal tube (LT) with the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) in 51 patients whose necks were stabilised by manual in‐line traction. Following induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, the LT and ILMA were inserted consecutively in a randomised, crossover design. Using pressure‐controlled ventilation (20 cmH2O inspiratory pressure), we measured insertion attempts, time to establish positive‐pressure ventilation, tidal volume, gastric insufflation, and minimum airway pressure at which gas leaked around the cuff. Data were compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Insertion was found to be more difficult with the LT (successful at first attempt in 16 patients) than with the ILMA (successful at first attempt in 42 patients, p < 0.0001). Time required for insertion was longer for the LT (28 [23–35] s, median [interquartile range]) than for the ILMA (20 [15–25] s, p = 0.0009). Tidal volume was less for the LT (440 [290–670] ml) than for the ILMA (630 [440–750] ml, p = 0.013). Minimum airway pressure at which gas leak occurred and incidence of gastric insufflation were similar with two devices. In patients whose necks were stabilised with manual in‐line traction, insertion of the ILMA was easier and quicker than insertion of the LT and tidal volume was greater with the ILMA than the LT.
Effects of inhaled nitrous oxide 50% on estimated cerebral perfusion pressure and zero flow pressure in healthy volunteers*
Authors: Hancock S. M. , Eastwood J. R. , Mahajan R. P. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe role of vascular tone in determining cerebral perfusion pressure is increasingly being appreciated. It has been suggested that zero flow pressure, the arterial pressure at which blood flow ceases, represents the effective downstream pressure of the cerebral circulation. Nitrous oxide is a cerebral vasodilator and may therefore decrease zero flow pressure and increase cerebral perfusion pressure. However, these effects may be opposed by the increase in intracranial blood volume produced by cerebral vasodilation. We studied eight healthy volunteers at normocapnia and studied the effects of the inhalation of nitrous oxide 50% on estimated cerebral perfusion pressure and zero flow pressure using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. We found that nitrous oxide 50% significantly increased estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (p = 0.03), whilst decreasing zero flow pressure (p = 0.01). These results suggest that the vasomotor effects of nitrous oxide predominate in determining the effective downstream pressure of the cerebral circulation in healthy individuals.