bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro wear assessment of titanium alloy teeth
Authors: Ohkubo Chikahiro , Shimura Ichiro , Aoki Takayuki , Hanatani Shigeru , Hosoi Toshio , Okabe Toru 
Published: August 2004

Purpose Wear of commercially pure (CP) titanium prosthetic teeth has frequently been observed. The greatest wear has been found when the same grades of CP titanium are used for both maxillary and mandibular teeth. This study examined the wear behavior of teeth made with cast titanium alloy and compared these results with those for CP titanium and gold alloy teeth.Materials and Methods All tooth specimens were cast with grade 3 α titanium, 3 metastable β alloys [Ti‐15Mo‐2.8Nb‐0.2Si (Timetal 21 SRx), Ti‐13Nb‐13Zr, and Ti‐15V‐3Cr‐3Sn‐3Al], and 2 α+β alloys (Ti‐6Al‐7Nb and Ti‐6Al‐4V). As a control, Type IV gold alloy was also cast conventionally. All teeth (both maxillary and mandibular) were secured in an in vitro 2‐body wear testing apparatus that simulated chewing function (60 strokes/min; grinding distance, 2 mm under flowing water). Wear resistance was assessed as volume loss (mm3) at 5 kgf (grinding force) after 50,000 strokes. The results (n= 5) were analyzed using analysis of variance or Fisher's exact test (α= 0.05).Results Of the titanium teeth, the wear of 2 of the metastable β alloys (Timetal 21 SRx and Ti‐15V‐3Cr‐3Sn‐3Al) was found to be significantly (p <0.05) higher than that of CP titanium and the 2 α+β alloys. The Type IV gold alloy exhibited better wear resistance than all of the titanium teeth tested. No correlation was found between wear loss and hardness among all the metals tested.Conclusions Among the titanium teeth examined, the α+β alloys exhibited significantly less wear than the other types of titanium. The dental casting gold alloy tested exhibited the best wear resistance among all of the metals tested.
An evaluation of the viscoelastic characteristics of soft denture liners
Authors: Tamura Fumiyo , Suzuki Shiro , Mukai Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2004

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viscoelastic characteristics of a group of soft denture liners by means of a creep test.Materials and Methods The materials evaluated included a silicone rubber base direct liner (Sofreliner MS), a polyolefin base indirect liner (Molteno S), and a conventional tissue conditioner (Coe Soft) as a control. Cylindrical specimens of each material were fabricated using a metal mold. Half of the specimens were subjected to mechanical fatigue with a 75‐N load at 1.2 Hz for 200,000 cycles. The creep test was performed on each material and condition with and without a fatigue test using low‐load conditions to achieve a 10% strain on all specimens. Viscosity and elasticity were measured, and the data were statistically analyzed using 1‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's Protected Least Significant Difference (PLSD) test (p < 0.05).Results The silicone rubber direct liner (1.31 ± 2.1 MPa) exhibited a similar mean elastic property as the conventional tissue conditioner (0.90 ± 0.22 MPa) and an intermediate viscosity between the conventional tissue conditioner (0.11 ± 0.01 GPa · s) and polyolefin base indirect liner (9.84 ± 1.08 GPa · s). The elasticity did not change for polyolefin and silicone rubber after the fatigue process. Significant differences in the viscosity of silicone rubber were seen with and without fatigue testing (p≤ 0.05).Conclusions The silicone rubber was as soft as the tissue conditioner and softer than the polyolefin liner. The stiffer the material, the lower the permanent deformation observed.
An Annotated Bibliography of the Remarried, the Living Together, and Their Children
Authors: WALKER LIBBY , BROWN HOLLY , CROHN HELEN , RODSTEIN EVELYN , ZEISEL ELLIOT , SAGER CLIFFORD J. 
Published: August 2004

This bibliography was developed by the Remarried Consultation Center of the Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services of New York City for our own use. Because there is a growing interest in remarriage and the new types of families this social phenomenon creates, we became convinced that the meager number of articles and books in this area would be of interest to others.We have focused our attention on the now common phenomenon of the remarried and those living together in a committed relationship situation. Some articles that were not designed as studies of remarriage situations are included because their content is pertinent to our subject.The bibliography is divided into six sections to facilitate reference use. It should be noted, however, that these sections are not rigid and that some items could readily have been included under two or more sections.Articles included cover publication dates through April 1978. The six sections are: L Demography; II. Remarried Couples; III. Stepparents and Stepchildren; IV. Divorce as a Precursor to Remarriage; V. Children of Divorce in Relation to Remarriage; VI. Remarriage — Prophylactic and Therapeutic Aspects. Unfortunately we did not find sufficient material to warrant a section on theoretical aspects.We have tried to make this bibliography as complete as possible using two computer retrieval systems as well as our own search of the literature. If you are familiar with references we have missed, we should appreciate hearing from you.
The Home Observation Assessment Method (HOAM): Real‐Time Naturalistic Observation of Families in Their Homes
Authors: STEINGLASS PETER 
Published: August 2004

The Home Observation Assessment Method (HOAM) is a new method developed to carry out objective coding of family interaction over extended time periods in a home setting. It is a computer‐compatible coding system that permits on‐line data reduction of interactional variables emphasizing contextual and structural dimensions of family behavior.To date, the HOAM has been applied to the study of 31 families observed for a total of over 250 sessions. Initial analysis of data from these sessions indicates that coder reliability is high and that the HOAM successfully measures dimensions of family behavior independent of architectural aspects of the home setting. Preliminary findings also indicate that although families differ dramatically along the interactional dimensions measured by the HOAM, all families studied spent remarkably little time in decision‐making behavior, suggesting that behavior in the home is predominantly “maintenance‐oriented.”
A Typology of Divorcing Couples: Implications for Mediation and the Divorce Process
Authors: KRESSEL KENNETH , JAFFEE NANCY , TUCHMAN BRUCE , WATSON CAROL , DEUTSCH MORTON 
Published: August 2004

An experimental mediation procedure for the negotiation of divorce settlement agreements was studied through the intensive analysis of nine completed mediation cases. The audio recordings of mediation sessions and postdivorce interviews with both of the former marital partners provided the material on which the analysis is based. Five additional couples, drawn from a similar population but who used the traditional adversarial system, provided a comparative perspective.High levels of prenegotiation conflict and nonmutuality of the decision to divorce were negatively related to attitudes toward mediation and behavior during negotiations. The report focuses on four distinctive patterns of divorce decision‐making. The typology is based on three primary dimensions: degree of ambivalence; frequency and openness of communication; and level and overtness of conflict. Couples exhibiting the enmeshed and autistic patterns of divorce were the most difficult for mediators to work with and had the poorest postdivorce adjustment; couples exhibiting the direct and disengaged conflict patterns fared better, both in mediation and in the postdivorce period. The potential importance of intercouple differences for the divorce mediation process and postdivorce adjustment are considered.
Family Psychiatric Ward Treatment in India
Authors: BHATTI RANBIR S. , JANAKIRAMAIAH N. , CHANNABASAVANNA S. M. 
Published: August 2004

The evolution of family psychiatric ward treatment is reviewed with special reference to the developments at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India. The set‐up and philosophy of the Family Psychiatric Center are highlighted. Case reports are included.The effects of the patient's preference to be accompanied by a particular relative during family ward treatment was studied. The patient's preference for a particular relative was determined by means of a questionnaire. It was found that staying with the preferred relative was associated with a shorter stay and also that different preferred relatives had a differential effect on the duration of the hospital stay of the patient.
A Life History Model of the Alcoholic Family
Authors: STEINGLASS PETER 
Published: August 2004

Research and clinical interest in the alcoholic family has tended to outpace the development of family‐oriented conceptual models of alcoholism. A family development perspective has been almost totally absent, despite the chronic, longitudinal nature of alcoholism.A life history model is proposed that uses the concepts of the “alcoholic system,” family homeostasis, and the “family alcohol phase” as its building blocks. Chronic alcoholism tends to produce distortions in the normative family life cycle. These distortions and their clinical implications are discussed, using four case histories as illustrations of the concepts proposed.The model is also examined in the light of current research findings about the alcoholic family.
A Single Intervention: A Visit to the Family
Authors: ZWERLING ISRAEL 
Published: August 2004

The following letter is reported unchanged except for disguised names. Concern with repairing disrupted relationships of adult members of a family with their own parents has been a matter of growing interest to a number of family therapists; Bowen (1), Boszormenyi‐Nagy (2), and Framo (3), among others have stressed the importance of sending family members back to their families of origin. This report makes no effort to formulate the process in any particular theoretical framework (i.e., as reestablishing connectedness after an “emotional cut‐off” or rebalancing a ledger of fairness, or whatever) but is intended only to illustrate the kind of outcome one may hope for in prescribing such a maneuver. It is offered simply as a clinical note.The letter needs little prefatory explication. Mr. Jack Newburgher had been a patient in psychoanalytic treatment for four years, with a quite successful outcome. On two occasions in the course of his therapy a joint session had been held with Mr. Newburgher and his wife, Muriel, when changes in his behavior had precipitated crises in the marital relationship. His therapy had terminated about two years before the visit referred to in the letter. Mr. Newburgher had called and asked for a joint consultation with Muriel about an acute family problem they were experiencing. Some — not all — of the background material was described, not nearly as coherently as it is reported in Muriel's letter, but in sufficient detail to make it plain that she was in distress about having to withdraw completely from her parents and that their family was in disarray as a consequence of her distress.The acuteness of the emotional disturbance, against a background of a lifelong adversary relationship between Muriel and her father and a history of ten years of illness on her fathers' part, suggested that the distress was the product of Muriel's anxiety and guilt over a decision to cut herself off completely from her parents. As a consequence, Muriel was urged to visit her family of origin, with the caveat that she might indeed discover them to be malignantly self‐centered people indifferent to their effect on her and her family, but that she would at least have the gratification of having tried. The reference to “speaking French” was to the therapist having suggested that, on the other hand, she might find that her parents expressed their feelings in a different modality from her definitions of how feelings should be expressed, much as though their native tongue were French and she were insisting that they must speak to her in English.
The Closely Related Species
Candida albicans
and
Candida dubliniensis
Can Mate
Authors: Pujol Claude , Daniels Karla J. , Lockhart Shawn R. , Srikantha Thyagarajan , Radke Joshua B. , Geiger Jeremy , Soll David R. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Because
Candida dubliniensis
is closely related to
Candida albicans
, we tested whether it underwent white-opaque switching and mating and whether white-opaque switching depended on
MTL
homozygosity and mating depended on switching, as they do in
C. albicans
. We also tested whether
C. dubliniensis
could mate with
C. albicans
. Sequencing revealed that the
MTL
α locus of
C. dubliniensis
was highly similar to that of
C. albicans
. Hybridization with the
MTL
a
1, MTL
a
2, MTL
α
1
, and
MTL
α
2
open reading frames of
C. albicans
further revealed that, as in
C. albicans
, natural strains of
C. dubliniensis
exist as
a
/α,
a
/
a
, and α/α, but the proportion of
MTL
homozygotes is 33%, 10 times the frequency of natural
C. albicans
strains.
C. dubliniensis
underwent white-opaque switching, and, as in
C. albicans
, the switching was dependent on
MTL
homozygosis.
C. dubliniensis
a
/
a
and α/α cells also mated, and, as in
C. albicans
, mating was dependent on a switch from white to opaque. However, white-opaque switching occurred at unusually high frequencies, opaque cell growth was frequently aberrant, and white-opaque switching in many strains was camouflaged by an additional switching system. Mating of
C. dubliniensis
was far less frequent in suspension cultures, due to the absence of mating-dependent clumping. Mating did occur, however, at higher frequencies on agar or on the skin of newborn mice. The increases in
MTL
homozygosity, the increase in switching frequencies, the decrease in the quality of switching, and the decrease in mating efficiency all reflected a general deterioration in the regulation of developmental processes, very probably due to the very high frequency of recombination and genomic reorganization characteristic of
C. dubliniensis
. Finally, interspecies mating readily occurred between opaque
C. dubliniensis
and
C. albicans
strains of opposite mating type in suspension, on agar, and on mouse skin. Remarkably, the efficiency of interspecies mating was higher than intraspecies
C. dubliniensis
mating, and interspecies karyogamy occurred readily with apparently the same sequence of nuclear migration, fusion, and division steps observed during intraspecies
C. albicans
and
C. dubliniensis
mating and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
mating.
Disordered Cell Integrity Signaling Caused by Disruption of thekexBGene inAspergillus oryzae
Authors: Mizutani Osamu , Nojima Akira , Yamamoto Morimasa , Furukawa Kentaro , Fujioka Tomonori , Yamagata Youhei , Abe Keietsu , Nakajima Tasuku 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTWe isolated thekexBgene, which encodes a subtilisin-like processing enzyme, from a filamentous fungus,Aspergillus oryzae. To examine the physiological role ofkexBinA. oryzae, we constructed akexBdisruptant (ΔkexB), which formed shrunken colonies with poor generation of conidia on Czapek-Dox (CD) agar plates and hyperbranched mycelia in CD liquid medium. The phenotypes of the ΔkexBstrain were restored under high osmolarity in both solid and liquid culture conditions. We found that transcription of thempkAgene, which encodes a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in cell integrity signaling, was significantly higher in ΔkexBcells than in wild-type cells. The ΔkexBcells also contained higher levels of transcripts for cell wall-related genes encoding β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase and chitin synthases, which is presumably attributable to cell integrity signaling through the increased gene expression ofmpkA. As expected, constitutively increased levels of phosphorylated MpkA were observed in ΔkexBcells on the CD plate culture. High osmotic stress greatly downregulated the increased levels of both transcripts ofmpkAand the phosphorylated form of MpkA in ΔkexBcells, concomitantly suppressing the morphological defects. These results suggest that the upregulation of transcription levels ofmpkAand cell wall biogenesis genes in the ΔkexBstrain is autoregulated by phosphorylated MpkA as the active form through cell integrity signaling. We think that KexB is required for precise proteolytic processing of sensor proteins in the cell integrity pathway or of cell wall-related enzymes under transcriptional control by the pathway and that the KexB defect thus induces disordered cell integrity signaling.
The Exchange Factor Cdc24 Is Required for Cell Fusion during Yeast Mating
Authors: Barale Sophie , McCusker Derek , Arkowitz Robert A. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

During
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
mating, chemotropic growth and cell fusion are critical for zygote formation. Cdc24p, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Cdc42 G protein, is necessary for oriented growth along a pheromone gradient during mating. To understand the functions of this critical Cdc42p activator, we identified additional
cdc24
mating mutants. Two mating-specific mutants, the
cdc24-m5
and
cdc24-m6
mutants, each were isolated with a mutated residue in the conserved catalytic domain. The
cdc24-m6
mutant responds normally to pheromone and orients its growth towards a mating partner yet accumulates prezygotes during mating.
cdc24-m6
prezygotes have two apposed intact cell walls and do not correctly localize proteins required for cell fusion, despite normal exocytosis. Our results indicate that the exchange factor Cdc24p is necessary for maintaining or restricting specific proteins required for cell fusion to the cell contact region during mating.
The Two-Component Signal Transduction Protein Chk1p Regulates Quorum Sensing in
Candida albicans
Authors: Kruppa Michael , Krom Bastiaan P. , Chauhan Neeraj , Bambach Adrienne V. , Cihlar Ronald L. , Calderone Richard A. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Regulation of hyphal morphogenesis in
Candida albicans
can occur through quorum sensing (QS). A QS signal, farnesol, is produced during high-density growth and inhibits morphogenesis. However, the signal transduction pathway that regulates QS is unknown. Here, we show that a
C. albicans
mutant lacking Chk1p but not either the Sln1p or the Nik1p histidine kinase is refractory to the inhibitory effect of farnesol both in cell suspension and during the formation of a biofilm. This study is the first to demonstrate a role for a two-component signal transduction protein in QS by a eukaryotic organism.
Genetic Interactions among Regulators of Septin Organization
Authors: Gladfelter Amy S. , Zyla Trevin R. , Lew Daniel J. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Septins form a cortical scaffold at the yeast mother-bud neck that restricts the diffusion of cortical proteins between the mother and bud and serves as a signaling center that is important for governing various cell functions. After cell cycle commitment in late G
1
, septins are assembled into a narrow ring at the future bud site, which spreads to form a mature septin hourglass immediately after bud emergence. Although several septin regulators have been identified, it is unclear how they cooperate to assemble the septin scaffold. We have examined septin localization in isogenic strains containing single or multiple mutations in eight septin organization genes (
CDC42
,
RGA1
,
RGA2
,
BEM3
,
CLA4
,
GIN4
,
NAP1
, and
ELM1
). Our results suggest that these regulators act largely in parallel to promote either the initial assembly of the septin ring (
CDC42
,
RGA1
,
RGA2
,
BEM3
, and
CLA4
) or the conversion of the ring to a stable hourglass structure at the neck (
GIN4
,
NAP1
, and
ELM1
). Aberrant septin localization patterns in mutant strains could be divided into apparently discrete categories, but individual strains displayed heterogeneous defects, and there was no clear-cut correspondence between the specific mutations and specific categories of defect. These findings suggest that when they are deprived of their normal regulators, septin scaffolds collapse into a limited repertoire of aberrant states in which the nature of the mutant regulators influences the probability of a given aberrant state.
An Intragenic Guide RNA Location Suggests a Complex Mechanism for Mitochondrial Gene Expression in
Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Clement Sandra L. , Mingler Melissa K. , Koslowsky Donna J. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

In
Trypanosoma brucei
, two classes of transcripts are produced from two distinct mitochondrial genome components. Guide RNAs (gRNAs) are usually minicircle encoded and exist as primary transcripts, while the maxicircle-encoded rRNAs and mRNAs are processed from a polycistronic precursor. The genes for the gRNAs gMURF2-II and gCYb(560) each have uncommon kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) locations that are not typically associated with transcription initiation events. We demonstrate that the conserved maxicircle gRNA gMURF2-II has an unusual location within the ND4 gene. This is the first report of a completely intragenic gene in kDNA. In addition, the gMURF2-II and ND4 transcripts are generated by distinctly different events; the ND4 mRNA is processed from a polycistronic precursor, while transcription of the gRNA initiates downstream of the 5′ end of the ND4 gene. The gCYb(560) gene has an atypical minicircle location in that it is not flanked by the inverted repeat sequences that surround the majority of minicircle gRNA genes. Our data indicate that the mature gCYb(560) gRNA is also a primary transcript and that the 5′-end heterogeneity previously observed for this gRNA is a result of multiple transcription initiation sites and not of imprecise 5′-end processing. Together, these data indicate that gRNA genes represent individual transcription units, regardless of their genomic context, and suggest a complex mechanism for mitochondrial gene expression in
T. brucei
.
PF15p Is the
Chlamydomonas
Homologue of the Katanin p80 Subunit and Is Required for Assembly of Flagellar Central Microtubules
Authors: Dymek Erin E. , Lefebvre Paul A. , Smith Elizabeth F. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have indicated that the central apparatus plays a significant role in regulating flagellar motility, yet little is known about how the central pair of microtubules or their associated projections assemble. Several
Chlamydomonas
mutants are defective in central apparatus assembly. For example, mutant
pf15
cells have paralyzed flagella that completely lack the central pair of microtubules. We have cloned the wild-type
PF15
gene and confirmed its identity by rescuing the motility and ultrastructural defects in two
pf15
alleles, the original
pf15a
mutant and a mutant generated by insertional mutagenesis. Database searches using the 798-amino-acid polypeptide predicted from the complete coding sequence indicate that the
PF15
gene encodes the
Chlamydomonas
homologue of the katanin p80 subunit. Katanin was originally identified as a heterodimeric protein with a microtubule-severing activity. These results reveal a novel role for the katanin p80 subunit in the assembly and/or stability of the central pair of flagellar microtubules.