bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytomas and dedifferentiated liposarcomas: histological review, genomic profile, and MDM2 and CDK4 status favour a single entity
Authors: Coindre Jean‐Michel , Hostein Isabelle , Maire Georges , Derré Josette , Guillou Louis , Leroux Agnès , Ghnassia Jean‐Pierre , Collin Françoise , Pedeutour Florence , Aurias Alain 
Published: June 2004

AbstractInflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma (inflammatory MFH) is a very rare tumour that occurs most often in the retroperitoneum. So far, it has been considered to be a special subtype of MFH. As it is now widely accepted that most retroperitoneal pleomorphic MFHs are dedifferentiated liposarcomas, the present study compared histological features, genomic profile (CGH analysis), and MDM2 and CDK4 status (immunohistochemistry, FISH, and quantitative PCR) in inflammatory MFHs from 12 patients and dedifferentiated liposarcomas that had an inflammatory MFH component from eight patients. Metaphase cytogenetic and FISH analyses were also performed on one inflammatory MFH. Histological review showed areas of well‐differentiated liposarcoma in nine inflammatory MFHs. CGH analysis showed 12q13–15 amplification or gain in six of seven inflammatory MFHs and in seven of seven dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity of tumour cells for MDM2 in every tumour in both groups and for CDK4 in ten and seven inflammatory MFHs and dedifferentiated liposarcomas, respectively. Metaphase cytogenetic and FISH analysis performed on one inflammatory MFH showed the presence of a supernumerary large marker chromosome and ring chromosome with high‐level amplification of both MDM2 and CDK4 genes. FISH analysis on paraffin wax‐embedded sections showed amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4 in seven of seven inflammatory MFHs and in seven of seven dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Quantitative PCR showed amplification of MDM2 in six and of CDK4 in seven of nine inflammatory MFHs. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that most so‐called inflammatory MFHs are dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein expression profiles in adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung generated using tissue microarrays
Authors: Ullmann Reinhard , Morbini Patrizia , Halbwedl Iris , Bongiovanni Massimo , Gogg‐Kammerer Margit , Papotti Mauro , Gabor Sabine , Renner Heiko , Popper Helmut Hans 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWith the appearance of defect‐targeted therapies, the definition of tumour protein expression profiles has gained increasing importance. Two lung carcinoma tissue microarrays, one including 75 primary adenocarcinomas (ACs) and the other comprising 67 primary squamous cell carcinomas (SQCCs), were generated in the present study. On both arrays, each tumour was represented by an average of five cores. In addition, one punch of normal lung parenchyma adjacent to each tumour was included in the array. Immunohistochemical expression of 86 proteins was evaluated and the results were analysed by non‐parametric tests, hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis. In both tumour entities, parenchyma and tumours were clearly separated by hierarchical clustering. By the same statistical approach, it was possible to distinguish ACs from SQCCs with 98% accuracy and to distinguish parenchyma adjacent to ACs from that adjacent to SQCCs with 96% accuracy. It was also possible to separate ACs into three groups that significantly differed in survival. Cathepsin E and hsp105 were identified as previously unknown predictors of survival in lung AC. In summary, this study has shown that protein profiles are feasible tools for anticipating biological behaviour. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of high‐fat diet on the expression of proteins in muscle, adipose tissues, and liver of C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Schmid Gerhard M. , Converset Véronique , Walter Nadia , Sennitt Matthew V. , Leung Kit‐Yi , Byers Helen , Ward Malcolm , Hochstrasser Denis F. , Cawthorne Michael A. , Sanchez Jean‐Charles 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of a high fat diet on the expression of proteins in insulin target tissues was analyzed using a proteomic approach. Gastrocnemius muscle, white and brown adipose tissue, and liver were taken from C57BL/6 mice either fed on a high‐fat or a chow diet. Expression levels of approximately 10 000 polypeptides for all the four tissues were assessed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Computer‐assisted image analysis allowed the detection of 50 significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed proteins between obese and lean mice. Interestingly, more than half of these proteins were detected in the brown adipose tissue. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Several stress and redox proteins were modulated in response to the high‐fat diet. A key glycolytic enzyme was found to be downregulated in adipose tissues and muscle, suggesting that at elevated plasma fatty acid concentrations, fatty acids compete with glucose as an oxidative fuel source. Furthermore, in brown adipose tissue there were significant changes in mitochondrial enzymes involved in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and in the respiratory chain in response to the high‐fat diet. The brown adipose tissue is an energy‐dissipating tissue. Our data suggest that the high‐fat diet treated mice were increasing energy expenditure to defend against weight gain.
Identification of post‐mortem cerebrospinal fluid proteins as potential biomarkers of ischemia and neurodegeneration
Authors: Lescuyer Pierre , Allard Laure , Zimmermann‐Ivol Catherine G. , Burgess Jennifer A. , Hughes‐Frutiger Séverine , Burkhard Pierre R. , Sanchez Jean‐Charles , Hochstrasser Denis F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOnly few biological markers are currently available for the routine diagnosis of brain damage‐related disorders including cerebrovascular, dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, post‐mortem cerebrospinal fluid samples were used as a model of massive brain insult to identify new markers potentially relevant for neurodegeneration. The protein pattern of this sample was compared to the one of cerebrospinal fluid from healthy subjects by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using gel imaging, N‐terminal microsequencing, mass spectrometry, and immunodetection techniques, we identified 13 differentially expressed proteins. Most of these proteins have been previously reported to be somehow associated with brain destruction or with the molecular mechanisms underlying certain neurodegenerative conditions. These data indicate that the identified proteins indeed represent potential biomarkers of brain damage. We recently showed that H‐FABP, a protein highly homologous to E‐FABP and A‐FABP identified in this study, is a potential marker of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and stroke.
Chain transfer in ethylene polymerization. VII. Very reactive and depletable transfer agents
Authors: Mortimer George A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe study of chain transfer in the free‐radical polymerization of ethylene was extended to very reactive transfer agents, particularly aldehydes and mercaptans The chaintransfer constant Cs for aldehydes was insensitive to temperature changes but was strongly reduced as pressure was increased. Mercaptans were found to deplete during polymerization (Cs > 1.0). The conventional Mayo equation was integrated to allow accurate calculation of Cs for depleting transfer agents.
Anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate with Cr(C5H7O2)3–Al(C2H5)3 catalyst system
Authors: Deshpande A. B. , Kale S. M. , Kapur S. L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA homogeneous catalyst system, Cr(C5H7O2)3–Al(C2H5)3, was used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The yield of polymer increased up to an Al/Cr ratio of 12 and thereafter remained almost constant with increasing Al/Cr. The rate of polymerization increased linearly with increasing catalyst and monomer concentrations at Al/Cr = 12. The molecular weight, however, decreased with increasing catalyst concentration and increased with increasing monomer concentration, indicating anionic polymerization reaction. NMR studies of the polymers indicated the presence of a stereoblock structure, which changed to heteroblock structure in presence of triethylamine and hydroquinone as additives in the catalyst. In the light of these observations, the mechanism of the polymerization is discussed.
Cycloolefin polymerization initiated by transition metal–π‐allylic complexes
Authors: Kormer V. A. , Poletayeva I. A. , Yufa T. L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new class of catalysts for polymerization of cycloalkenes was developed, based on the interaction of these hydrocarbons with π‐allylic transition metal complexes. The reaction route (decyclization or double‐bond opening) and the microstructure of polyalkenamers obtained is determined primarily by the nature of the transition metal and also by the nature and the number of ligands bound to the metal. π‐Allylic complexes of zirconium and chromium catalyze the polymerization of cycloalkenes in both directions. For complexes of the group VI metals the substitution of molybdenum or tungsten for chromium results in complete suppression of the double‐bond opening. In the presence of Group VIII metal compounds the polymerization of cycloolefins occurs exclusively at the double bond. The introduction of acidic ligands into the internal sphere of the π‐allylic compound does not affect the reaction route but results in a significant rise of the yield of polyalkenamers and enriches the content of trans‐1,4‐units. Lewis acids act as activators for complexes of all the metals, the halides of molybdenum and tungsten affecting favorably the decyclization. It is assumed that the ring‐opening polymerization of cycloolefins proceeds via π‐allylic complex formation.
Gel formation in cationic polymerization of divinyl ethers. III. Effect of oligooxyethylene chain versus oligomethylene chain as central spacer units
Authors: Hashimoto Tamotsu , Nakamura Tomonori , Tanahashi Sachi , Kodaira Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCationic polymerizations of two series of divinyl ethers were carried out to clarify the effects of their central spacer chain structure on their crosslinking polymerization behavior. One series of the monomers involves divinyl ethers with an oligooxyethylene central spacer chain: diethylene glycol divinyl ether (O‐3), triethylene glycol divinyl ether (O‐4), tetraethylene glycol divinyl ether (O‐5), pentaethylene glycol divinyl ether (O‐6), and heptaethylene glycol divinyl ether (O‐8) (see Scheme 1). The other series includes divinyl ethers with an oligomethylene central spacer chain: 1,4‐butanediol divinyl ether (C‐4), 1,6‐hexanediol divinyl ether (C‐6), and 1,8‐octanediol divinyl ether (C‐8). Cationic polymerizations of these monomers were carried out with the hydrogen chloride/zinc chloride (HCl/ZnCl2) initiating system in methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) at −30 °C ([Monomer]0 = 0.15 M; [HCl]0 = 5.0 mM; [ZnCl2]0 = 0.5 mM). The polymerizations of the oligomethylene‐based divinyl ethers C‐6 and C‐8 caused gel formation at high monomer conversions (∼90%), whereas C‐4 formed soluble polymers even at almost 100% monomer conversion. The oligooxyethylene‐based divinyl ethers O‐3, O‐4, O‐5, and O‐6 underwent gel‐free polymerizations up to 100% monomer conversion and O‐8 did so at least up to ∼80% conversion. The content of unreacted pendant vinyl groups of the obtained soluble polymers was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In the polymerizations of the oligomethylene‐based divinyl ethers (C‐4, C‐6, and C‐8), the vinyl contents of the polymers decreased monotonously with increasing monomer conversion, and their number‐average molecular weights (Mn's) and polydispersity ratios (Mw/Mn's) increased considerably just before the gelation occurred. On the contrary, the vinyl contents of the polymers obtained from the oligooxyethylene‐based divinyl ethers (O‐3, O‐4, O‐5, O‐6, and O‐8) decreased steeply even in the early stage of the polymerizations and almost all the pendant vinyl ether groups were consumed in the soluble polymers at the final stage of the polymerizations. The oligooxyethylene spacer units adjacent to the pendant unreacted vinyl ether groups may solvate intramolecularly with the carbocationic active center to accelerate frequent occurrence of intramolecular crosslinking reactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3729–3738, 2004
A model study of circum‐Arctic soil temperatures
Authors: Oelke Christoph , Zhang Tingjun 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA one‐dimensional heat transfer model with phase change is applied to the entire Arctic terrestrial drainage area. The main forcing parameters are reanalysed surface air temperature that was topography‐enhanced, and snow depth, derived from passive microwave satellite data. We present results based on daily fields of soil temperature, ranging from the soil surface down to 14 m depth. The horizontal grid cell resolution is 25 km × 25 km. Model results are compared to several long series of soil temperature measurements from Alaska and Siberia, with a relatively good match of the the annual cycle at different depths. We show time series of soil temperature at different depths for the 22‐year period 1980 through 2001, and both seasonal and regional analyses are included. A trend analysis reveals positive trends for all permafrost regions in response to positive trends in air temperature, with the strongest warming trend in regions of continuous permafrost. A slight cooling trend is only found for the topmost soil layers in regions of seasonally frozen ground at the southern margins of the Arctic drainage domain. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circumpolar‐Active‐Layer‐Monitoring (CALM) sites in the Mackenzie Valley, northwestern Canada
Authors: Tarnocai Charles , Mark Nixon F. , Kutny Les 
Published: June 2004

AbstractActive‐layer studies have been maintained for more than a decade throughout the 1200 km length of the Mackenzie Valley. An important goal of these programmes is to monitor processes linking climate, permafrost and the active layer. Thirteen sites have been selected from these studies for the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring programme of the International Permafrost Association. Annual maximum thaw penetration and ground surface movements are measured relative to thaw tubes and soil temperature probes anchored in the permafrost. Active layer thickness, calculated from thaw penetration and surface movement or measured directly, varies more with local soil properties, vegetation and microclimate than with regional atmospheric climate. While depth of thaw penetration has increased at most sites for much of the record, this increase is not always reflected by a proportional increase in active layer thickness because of variable thaw settlement. Air thawing degree‐days (DDT) in the Subarctic and Boreal regions are more than double those in the Arctic regions. These increases in DDT are not reflected in active‐layer depths, suggesting the insulating effect of the surface organic layer, vegetation and snow cover on active‐layer development. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competing issues for aluminium alloys in structural engineering
Authors: Mazzolani Federico M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper makes a contribution to explaining the main reasons for the choice of aluminium alloys as new material in those applications, where they can compete with steel. First of all, the basic physical, mechanical and technological differences from steel are out‐lined in order to identify the main driving issues for justifying a switch from steel to aluminium. Significant results of the application of proper design criteria are shown by examples of many constructions made of aluminium alloys and built around the world in the last few decades in the field of buildings, bridges and special structures.
Intrapartum sonography to determine fetal occipital position: interobserver agreement
Authors: Akmal S. , Tsoi E. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the interobserver agreement on the intrapartum ultrasonographic definition of the fetal occipital position.MethodsIn 60 singleton pregnancies in labor at term the fetal occipital position was determined by transabdominal ultrasound by two appropriately trained sonographers who were not aware of each other's findings. The Bland–Altman plot was performed and the 95% limits of agreement were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between complete agreement in the fetal occipital position between the two observers and maternal and labor characteristics.ResultsThe two observers had complete agreement on the fetal occipital position in 22/60 (36.7%) cases and disagreement by 15° and 30° in 31 (51.7%) and seven (11.6%) cases, respectively. The mean of the differences between the two observers was 0.25° and the 95% limits of agreement were −28.9° (−32.2° to −25.6°) to 29.4° (26.1° to 32.7°). There were no significant associations between complete agreement and maternal and labor characteristics.ConclusionThe interobserver agreement on sonographically determined fetal occipital position during labor is within 15° in nearly 90% of cases and within 30° in all cases. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A small heat‐shock protein, p26, from the crustacean Artemia protects mammalian cells (Cos‐1) against oxidative damage
Authors: Collins Crista H. , Clegg James S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA small heat‐shock protein (p26) purified from stress‐resistant embryos of the crustacean, Artemia franciscana, was introduced into cultured cells of green monkey kidney (Cos‐1) using the BioPORTER® delivery system. Cells containing p26 exhibited impressive resistance to hydrogen peroxide compared to controls. Introduction of the disaccharide trehalose did not provide protection against oxidative damage, but enhanced substantially the protective performance of p26 when both were present. These studies extend previous research on the protective role played by p26 in cells exposed to various forms of stress, presumably through its ability to function as a molecular chaperone.
Performance implications of assembly work teams
Authors: McCreery John K. , Krajewski Lee J. , Leong G.Keong , Ward Peter T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper explores the role of selected workforce management practices in developing mix, volume, and product flexibility. Using a model of a manually‐paced assembly area, we examine three workforce management practices—the configuration of work teams, the extent of cross training, and the deployment of workers—that have the potential to enhance the level of manufacturing flexibility. We examine the effects of these practices at the level of the individual operation and individual worker, with the goal of maximizing overall system performance in a variety of manufacturing environments. Our results indicate that the value of workforce flexibility is contingent upon characteristics of the operating environment. Environments having high levels of product variety call for the use of a larger number of parallel work teams, while environments with highly complex tasks tend to require a smaller number of parallel teams. Further, the value of cross training and worker task sharing is diminished as work tasks become more complex, due to learning and forgetting effects on the workforce. The overall implication is that more worker flexibility does not always yield improved system performance.
ON THE SURFACE COMPOSITION OF NORMAL AND SENSITIZED MAMMALIAN BLOOD CELLS
Authors: Mudd Stuart , Mudd Emily B. H. 
Published: June 2004

The interfacial tension method has been applied to the study of the surface composition of mammalian blood cells and to certain other particles.
Unsensitized erythrocytes and stromata possess only a small margin of stability in the interface and pass readily into the oil phase.
Specifically sensitized erythrocytes and stromata possess much greater stability in the interface and pass into the oil only with considerable mechanical aid; characteristic deformations of the erythrocyte surface or the interface or both often result.
With special immune sera prepared by Landsteiner and van der Scheer the quantitative relations are such as to indicate that the increased polarity of the sensitized erythrocyte surface is due to combination of the red cell surface lipoids with hemolytic sensitizer. These results are corroborative of the conclusion of Landsteiner and van der Scheer that erythrocytes contain specific lipoid-soluble antigens.
The tentative conclusion is reached that with these anti horse-erythrocyte sera at least the agglutinins combine predominantly with the protein of the red cell surfaces.
Fresh human leucocytes are spread and disintegrated by the interfacial stresses. After heat injury over the condenser with substage lamp the leucocytes typically do not enter the boundary surface. They are pushed before the advancing interface and, if their further advance is obstructed, bend the interface backward to form peninsulas and vacuoles. This change after heating is in the opposite sense to that to be expected from denaturation of the proteins of the protoplasm.
Fresh oxalated rabbit platelets pass very easily into the oils. After heating over the substage lamp these elements also become less oil-miscible.
The interfacial tension relations of blood cells, bacteria, and several cell products are tabulated.
PATHOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN MICE FOLLOWING INTRANASAL INSTILLATION
Authors: Rake Geoffrey 
Published: June 2004

Pneumonia can be produced in mice, which have not been previously prepared, by intranasal inoculation of broth cultures of certain strains of pneumococci.
Lesions which are quantitatively different can be produced in different breeds of mice by inoculation of the same type of pneumococcus. Similar inoculation of different types of pneumococci into one breed of mice results in lesions which are qualitatively different.
In general, these lesions are as follows: a diffuse pneumonia and an acute glomerular nephritis in unselected mice receiving Type I strains; a confluent pneumonia and a tubular nephritis in the case of Type II strains; and as result of Type III strains, an interstitial pneumonia with extensive gelatinous pleurisy, together with necrosis and abscess formation in the spleen and cervical lymph nodes. Resistant strains of mice with Type III pneumococci show slight changes in the lungs, but marked lesions in the spleen and cervical nodes, while susceptible mice with the same type of pneumococcus show marked changes in the lung and moderate lesions in the spleen and cervical nodes.
The method of development of Type III pneumonia, studied by means of serial sections of nasally infected mice, appears to proceed in the stages of vascular engorgement, interalveolar interstitial exudate, albuminous fluid exudate into the alveoli and the perivascular lymphatics draining the affected site, and finally, a frank pneumonia with a cellular exudate in the alveoli but without much fibrin.