bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE MEASUREMENT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSIENT FETAL BRADYCARDIA DURING LABOUR
Authors: Tipton Richard H. , Finch Ann K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe quantitative measure of transient bradycardia during labour is significantly related to the neonatal condition. The temporal relationship of fetal bradycardia to uterine contractions is not important. The aetiology of trnasient fetal bradycardia during labour in uncertain.
THE POSTPARTUM HAEMOLYTIC URAEMIC SYNDROME
Authors: Eisinger A. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree fatal cases of acute postpartum renal failure caused by the haemolytic uraemic syndrome are presented. There were no obvious aetiological features during pregnancy or confinement no evidence of any pre‐existing disease which could explain the illness of any of these patients. This developed up to six weeks after delivery, and by the time the patients were readmitted to hospital they were severely uraemic. The uraemia was treated by peritoneal dyanlysis; intracenous heparin was given and, in one case streptokinase too, but without any improvement in the renal failure. Renal histology showed intimal thickening in the small arteries, with fibrin deposition in places, causing narrowing or occulusion of the vessels.
AMNIOTIC FLUID COMPOSITION IN MALFORMATIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Emery A. E. H. , Eccleston D. , Scrimgeour J.B. , Johnstone M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn pregnancies in which the fetus had a malformation of the central nervous system (anencephaly, spina bifida, or anencephaly with spina bifida) amniotic fluid levels of 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA), expressed on a protein basis, were less than in normal pregnancies of comparable gestation. This was not observed with a number of other substances present in amniotic fluid nor in 5HIAA levels in cases of polyhydramnios where the fetus was normal. The urinary excretion of 5HIAA in children with spina bifida was normal. A number of possible interpretations are discussed, including the idea that the reduced levels of 5HIAA may reflect the reduction in functioning neural tissue in more severe CNS malformations.
VACUUM CURETTAGE OF THE UTERUS WlTHOUT ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Saunders Peter , Rowland Robert 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA comparison has been made of the histologinal appearances of the endometrium of 73 patients undergoing vacuum curettage of the uterus without anaesthesia followed by conventional curettage under general anaesthesia a day later. Vacuum curettage specimens may show epithelial cell cytoplasmic vacuolation which may falsely suggest that ovulation has taken place, and a loose stromal pattern which can mask cystic hyperplasia.Conventional curettage specimen on the following day may show a pattern of endometritis.One endometrial polyp and one case of cystic hyperplasia were diagnosed only by conventional curettage.One endometrial polyp and one case of cystic hyperplasia were diagnosed only by conventional curettage.The discomfort produced by vacuum curettage was comparable with dysmenorrhoea or the insertation of an intrauterine contraceptive device. In all but two patients it last for less than one hour.
EFFECT OF NORGESTREL ON CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION
Authors: Mukherjee T. K. , Wright S. W. , Davidson N. J. H. , Fotherby K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCorpora lutea were obtained at laparotomy between days 17 and 25 of the menstrual cycle from nine patients who received 75 μg. Norgestrel daily from the first day of the cycle and from six patients not receiving Norgestrel. All of the control patients had normal corpora lutea which contained significant amounts of progesterone and all except one of the corpora lutea were able to synthesize progesterone in vitro. Oestrogen excretion was within the normal range in all except one patient. Pregnanediol excretion was more variable but plasma progesterone levels showed adequate in vivo luteal function. In all except one of the treated patients a normal corpus luteum was found and oestrogen excretion was within the normal range but pregnanediol excretion and plasma progesterone levels were below the normal range. Only two of the corpora lutea contained progestrone and only one was able to synthesize progesterone from pregnenolone on incubation in vitro. Thus administration of small doses of Norgestrel appeared to reduce the ability of the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and this may be one of the ways in which Norgesterel exerts an antifertility effect.This in vivo finding was supported by showing that low concentrations of Norgestrel inhibited the in vitro synthesis of progestrone by normal corpora lutea.
NON‐GLUCOSE REDUCING SUBSTANCES IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Macdonald H. N. , Good W. , Schwarz K. , Stone Joan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe mean random blood concentration of non‐glucose reducing substances is lower in 540 pregnant women than in 56 non‐pregnant controls. The mean blood levels of non‐glucose reducing substances were also measured during a 50 g. oral glucose tolerance test on 412 women in pregnancy and the puerperium and were little different from random levels; the levels at 2½ hours were lower than those fasting. A significant negative correlation of blood glucose levels and those of non‐glucose reducing substances may be a technical artefact, although a functional relationship cannot be excluded. The levels of non‐glucose reducing substances do not appear to increase during pregnancy, but the range of values is so wide, and at present, unpredictable that blood glucose should be measured by a method for “true” glucose in pregnant women as in others.
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY AND ABRUPT10 PLACENTAE
Authors: Hall Marion H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a prospective study of 2949 singleton pregnancies of whom one‐third were treated with folic acid, the maternal serum folate concentration was assayed at booking and at 30 weeks gestation. No association was found between a low serum folate level and abruptio placentae either in the index pregnancy or in previous pregnancies, and folic acid therapy did not reduce the incidence of abruptio placentae.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR FOLLOWING FETAL DEATH
Authors: Ursell W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInduction of labour by amniotomy has been used in the treatment of the retained dead fetus in 50 cases. The results have been compared with those in 41 cases in which the onset of labour was spontaneous, and 63 cases in which labour was induced with oxytocin over the same five‐year period. There was a slightly increased incidence of puerperal pyrexia in the amniotomy group compared to the oxytocin group but this was considered to be compensated for by the saving of patient and hospital time, and the prevention of any risk of coagulation disorder.
LEIOMYOMATA OF THE UTERUS ASSOCIATED WITH ASCITES AND HYDROTHORAX
Authors: Williamson J. G. , Patel Devbala , Menzies D. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of ascites, right‐sided hydrothorax and subserous parasitic fibromyoma is described. The history suggested repeated attacks of degeneration and ascites occurring over twelve months. Since hysteretomy the patient has remained well for two and a half years. Eleven such cases are reviewed.
THE RENAL LESIONS OF TOXAEMIA AND ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE STUDIED BY LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Thomson D. , Paterson W. G. , Smart G. E. , MacDonald M. K. , Robson J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRenal biopsy in the early puerperium was carried out on 20 patients with toxaemia and 13 abruptio placentae without preceding toxaemia. The tissue obtained was studied by light and electron microscopy. All patients had a very similar glomerular lesion with (1) swelling and slight proliferation of the endotheliat cells, (2) increase in the number of mesangial cells and the amount of the mesangial matrix, and (3) granular deposits derived from fibrinogen within the endothelial cells and the mesangial matrix.It is suggested that in both toxaemia and abruptio placentae there is release of thromboplastin from the placental site into the circulation which causes disseminated intravascular coagulation; this process is complicated by the fact than in pregnancy the fibrinolytic mechanism is in any case impaired. The glomerular lesion in both groups is the result of the response of the endothelial cells and mesangium to deposited fibrin or its derivatives.
THE XYLOSE TEST IN RELATION TO FOLIC ACID STATUS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Hayward Margaret , Montgomery R. Darragh , Wilson C. I. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySeven out of twenty anaemic pregnant women showed a reduced five‐hour excretion of xylose. The defect was most marked in patients with megaloblastic anaemia. In two such patients the test had returned to normal 3 to 4 months after delivery, and further follow‐up showed no clinical evidence of malabsorption. Thirteen of the twenty patients had reduced two‐hour xylose excretion, but intravenous tests showed that the two‐hour figure is an unreliable index of malabsorption in pregnancy anaemia, probably due to the dilution effect of an increased “xylose pool”. Low serum folate levels were found in all types of pregnancy anaemia, but values below 2.0 ng. per ml. were clinically relevant. Treatment of folate deficiency did not influence the abnormal xylose test. It is concluded that a substantial proportion of cases of folate‐deficiency amaemia of pregnancy in Britain may have xylose malabsorption, and that in certain cases this defect is temporary.
THE INFLUENCE OF FETAL SEX UPON LIQUOR CYTOLOGY AS A MEANS OF ESTlMATING GESTATIONAL AGE
Authors: Bennett M. J. , Morris H. H. B. , Davey D. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPrenatal sex determination after 30 weeks of pregnancy can be achieved simply and with a high degree of accuracy using the cyanophilic cell count on amniotic fluid. Differential cell counts as a means of estimating gestational age may be incorrect because of the sexual difference.
SCREENING FOR GONORRHOEA IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Rees D. A. , Hamlett J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAntenatal patients with symptoms suggestive of lower genital tract infection and selected asymptomatic pregnant women investigated for evidence of gonorrhoea. Two cases of gonococcal infection were found among 319 women studied, and in both instances there symptoms to alert the medical attendant. It is concluded that routine antenatal screening for silent gonorrhoea is unnecessary, but that investigations for gonococcal infection should be undertaken whenever pregnant women have symptoms or signs suggestive of lower genital tract infection.
DISTIGMlNE BROMIDE (UBRETID) FOR THE PREVENTION OF URINARY RETENTION AFTER VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY
Authors: Walsh John , Bonnar John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAfter vaginal hysterectomy patients were given intramuscular injectinons of Ubretid or of a placebo. No significant difference was found in the number of patients requiring catheterization or in the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection in the treated and control groups.
A PITUITARY FUNCTION TEST WITH SYNTHETIC LH‐RELEASING HORMONE
Authors: Keller P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySynthetic LH‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) was used as a pituitary function test in amenorrhoeic women. A dose of 12.5 μm U g. was administered intravenously and serum LH was measured by radioimmunoassay before and at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after injection. Four principle types of reaction were defined and correlated with the therapeutic response to ovulation‐inducing compounds.
BEHAVIOUR OF TOTAL OESTROGEN, PREGNANEDIOL AND CREATININE LEVELS IN THE AMNIOTIC FLUID IN THE LAST WEEKS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Woytoń J. , Sward J. , Dzioba A. , Gajewski A. , Szacki J. , Baranowski H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid levels of total oestrogens, pregnanediol and creatinine were studied in samples obtained between 35 and 43 weeks of pregnancy. Amniotic fluid total oestrogen levels increased in the last weeks of pregnancy and dropped in patients who were overdue and gave birth to infants showing signs of postmaturity. Amniotic fluid pregnanediol levels were steady in the last weeks of pregnancy, but increased sharply when pregnancy lasted more than 40 weeks. Creatinine levels increased steadily throughout pregnancy. It was felt that high amniotic fluid levels of pregnanediol were in some way associated with a failure of processes responsible for the onset of uterine contractions at term.
AMNIOTIC FLUID LECITHIN AND ITS FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Ekelund Laila , Arvidson Gösta , ÅStedt Birger 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a prospective study, specimens of amniotic fluid were obtained at parturition from 853 consecutive patients. Nine of the infants, with a gestational age of 25 to 37 weeks, developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The amniotic fluid phospholipids were analyzed in these nine patients and in two other groups: one consisted of 15 patients with a gestational age of 35 weeks and the other of 80 randomly selected full‐term pregnancies. None of the infants in these two groups developed RDS. The total amniotic fluid phospholipids were analyzed by thinlayer chromatography without preceding precipitation in acetone, and the fractions were isolated and quantitated by phosphorus determination. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the lecithins was determined. The mean concentration of the total phospholipids and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio were significantly lower in the RDS group than in the other two groups with healthy infants. In the RDS group there was also a significantly lower proportion of palmitic acid in the amniotic fluid lecithins. The present investigation clearly demonstrates that analysis of total amniotic fluid phospholipids should be of great value in estimating the pulmonary maturity of the fetus.
HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) LEVELS IN MATERNAL SERUM DURING ABORTION INDUCED BY INTRA‐ AND EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF PROSTAGLAND1N F2α
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Pennanen S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman placental lactogen (HPL) concentrations in maternal serum were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay in 25 patients who were undergoing abortion by intra‐ and extra‐amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and by extra‐amniotic injection of hypertonic saline in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. The injection of 150 ml. of 20 per cent NaCl did not change the HPL level but the extra‐amniotic injection of 5 to 6 mg. of PGF2α and the intra‐amniotic injection of 20 to 25 mg. of PGF2α decreased the serum HPL level significantly (p<0.01) in the two hours after the injections. PGF2α administered by intrauterine routes appeared to have a direct effect on the placental synthesis and/or the secretion of HPL in early pregnancy.
THE EFFECT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON SERUM COPPER LEVELS IN NIGERIAN WOMEN
Authors: Olatunbosun D. A. , Adeniyi F. A. , Adadevoh B. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum copper levels were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy in 224 Nigerian women attending the postpartum Family Planning Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan. Eighty‐seven of the women had been fitted with the Lippes intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), 28 were taking Ovral 28, and 65 Norlestrin Fe. Forty‐four women attending for the first time served as normal controls. The mean serum copper levels in the women taking oral contraceptive agents were 144 μg./l00 ml. for the group taking Ovral 28, and 142 μg./100 ml. for those taking Norlestrin Fe. These values were similar, but significantly greater than the mean values for the control group and for the group fitted with IUCDs which were also similar. Compared to values reported in non‐Nigerians these values were all much lower and appear to be related to a reduction in appropriate binding and transport proteins in individuals in this environment.
PROTEINURIA IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Simanowitz M. D. , MacGregor W. G. , Hobbs J. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe urine/serum ratios of seven proteins of varying molecular weight have been determined in patients with pre‐eclampsia, using radial immunodiffusion. A linear excretion pattern of protein clearance on molecular weight has been confirmed in pregnancy proteinuria. Protein selectivity indices, based on this relationship have been derived for each patient with pre‐eclampsia and were found to lie in the intermediate range of selectivity.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR BY AMNIOTOMY AND INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS OF OXYTOCIC DRUGS – A COMPARISON BETWEEN PROSTAGLANDINS AND OXYTOCIN
Authors: Brown A. A. , Hamlett J. D. , Ibbard B. M. , Howe P. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of intravenous infusions of prostaglandins E2 or F2å were compared with the effects of oxytocin infusions in patients who had a low amniotomy after 37 weeks of gestation. Pairs of patients receiving oxytocin and a prostaglandin were matched for age, parity and gestation period. With the technique described low doses of prostaglandins were effective in inducing labour and 78 per cent of patients were delivered within 12 hours. No significant practical advantages of prostaglandins over oxytocin were evident and side‐effects from prostaglandins sometimes necessitated discontinuing the infusion.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND STUDY OF INTRA‐AMNIOTIC UREA AND HYPERTONIC SALINE FOR THERAPEUTIC ABORTION
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Newton John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double‐blind trial using intra‐amniotic injections of hypertonic urea and hypertonic saline for inducing mid‐trimester abortions is reported. There were fifty patients in each group and each intra‐amniotic injection was followed by an intravenous Syntocinon drip. Termination was not achieved in five patients, all of whom received intra‐amniotic urea. If one includes these five patients, there was a significant difference between the induction‐abortion intervals in the two groups. The overall complication rate was similar in the two groups.
THE CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOMETRIAL PATHOLOGY USING A UTERINE ASPIRATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Wachtel Erica , Gordon H. , Wycherley J. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySeventy patients were studied using a new negative pressure uterine aspiration technique to obtain samples for endometrial cytology. Normal cytological findings were associated with a normal endometrium in all cases. There was difficulty in precise diagnosis when the cytology was abnormal, and the reasons for this are discussed. Nevertheless the method may well be of value in the early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.
PLASMA OESTRIOL CONCENTRATION DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Masson Gordon M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial measurements were made of the concentration of plasma oestriol in normal pregnancy. The mean curve and limits of normal variation have been defined. The mean curve was analyzed and the correlations between various features of the pregnancy and plasma oestriol concentrations at particular stages of gestation were examined. Serial plasma oestriol concentrations seemed to give a better indication of feto‐placental function than serial urinary oestriol excretion values.
PLASMA OESTRIOL IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Masson Gordon M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma oestriol was measured serially in a group of patients considered likely to develop pre‐eclampsia. In some the plasma oestriol curve deviated from normal before clinical signs of pre‐eclampsia became apparent. Plasma oestriol values were abnormal in patients with pre‐eclampsia, particularly if the condition was severe.
CHANGES IN UNCONJUGATED OESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA AT THE APPROACH OF LABOUR
Authors: Shaaban Mamdouh M. , Klopper Arnold 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentrations of unconjugated oestriol, of unconjugated oestradiol and of progesterone were measured in the plasma of ten normal pregnant women during the last 15 to 21 days of pregnancy and in labour. The approach of labour was not associated with any consistent change in hormone concentration or in the relationship of oestrogen and progesterone levels to one another.
THE EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS LUMBAR EPIDURAL ANALGESIA ON MATERNAL ACID‐BASE BALANCE AND ARTERIAL LACTATE CONCENTRATION DURING THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOUR
Authors: Pearson James F. , Davies Paul 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia on maternal arterial acid‐base balance and arterial lactate concentration in the second stage of labour were investigated. Although primiparae became more acidotic than multiparae, their rates of increase in acidosis were virtually identical. Epidural analgesia depressed the bearing‐down reflex and thus diminished the rate of production of lactate and the degree of maternal metabolic acidosis.
A SCORING SYSTEM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE METHODS OF MONITORING FETAL GROWTH
Authors: Robinson H. P. , Chatfield W. R. , Logan R. W. , Tweedie A. K. , Barnard W. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryForty‐five “at risk” pregnancies were serially monitored by sonar biparietal cephalometry, 24‐hour urinary oestriol assays and determination of serum oxytocinase, total alkaline phosphatase and heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase activities. The results were assessed by a scoring system, and it was found that a combination of sonar cephalometry and 24‐hour urinary oestriol assays gave the most reliable prediction of intrauterine growth retardation.
ABRUPTION OF THE PLACENTA
Authors: Blair Robert G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA series of 189 cases of abruption of the placenta admitted in the five years from 1965 to 1969 to Bellshill Maternity Hospital, Lanarkshire, is reported. There was one maternal death and a perinatal loss of 55 per cent. The role of Caesarean section in improving infant survival in selected cases after the 34th week of gestation is discussed.
CLOSED SYSTEM OF BLADDER IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE AFTER MAJOR VAGINAL SURGERY
Authors: Clark A. D. , Crossley J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA system of closed bladder antiseptic irrigation and drainage was used after major vaginal surgery on 108 patients. The infection rates were 20 per cent when using chlorhexidine 1 in 5000 and 22 per cent with a 1 per cent solution of noxythiolin.
INJURIES OF THE CERVIX AFTER INDUCED MIDTRIMESTER ABORTION
Authors: Bradley‐Watson P. J. , Beard R. J. , Craft L. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySevere damage to the cervix after the intra‐amniotic injection of urea and prostaglandin F2α is reported. Speculum examination is advised following completion of mid‐trimester abortion induced by oxytocic agents.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE INHIBITION OF PUERPERAL LACTATION
Authors: Rolland Rune , Schellekens Louis 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInhibition of lactation by the new peptide ergot alkaloid 2‐Br‐α‐ergocryptine (CB154) was studied in a double‐blind trial. Forty patients divided into four groups were treated during seven consecutive days with daily doses of either 2.5 mg., 5.0 mg., 7–5 mg. of CB154 or a placebo. In terms of milk secretion, engorgement and pain the CB154 therapy was significantly better than the placebo. Tolerance of CB154 was good and no drug‐related side effects were observed. In a further trial CB154 was tried in five patients with already established lactation and in 22 patients who had not responded to standard hormonal therapy. With one exception (suppression of lactation after four months of full breast‐feeding) excellent results were achieved.For prevention as well as for the suppression of already established lactation, the following dosage schedule of CB154 is effective and avoids a rebound phenomenon: 2.5 mg. twice daily for two weeks, followed by 2.5 mg. once daily for one week.