bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object and spatial relational memory in adult rhesus monkeys is impaired by neonatal lesions of the hippocampal formation but not the amygdaloid complex
Authors: Alvarado Maria C. , Wright Anthony A. , Bachevalier Jocelyne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdult rhesus monkeys with neonatal aspiration lesions of the hippocampal formation or the amygdaloid complex (including their respective subjacent cortices) and their age‐matched controls were tested on the transverse patterning problem (A+ vs. B−, B+ vs. C− and C+ vs. A−) and a spatial version of the delayed nonmatching‐to‐sample (DNMS) task with delays of 10 s to 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, and 600 s. Monkeys with neonatal damage to the amygdaloid complex learned both tasks and did not differ from controls at any delay of the spatial DNMS task. Monkeys with neonatal hippocampal damage, however, were unable to learn transverse patterning, though they easily transferred to a linear series (A+ vs. B−, B+ vs. C−, and C+ vs. X−). Three of the four were also unable to reach criterion on the spatial DNMS task within the limits of testing, and the performance of all four monkeys deteriorated with increasing choice delays. The data suggest a role of the primate hippocampal region in both object and spatial relational learning. Hippocampus 2002;12:421–433. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical simulation of thermal runaway phenomena in silicon semiconductor devices
Authors: Shioda Kazanori , Oobu Toshiharu , Kijima Kenji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA mathematical model for heat production due to thermal excitation of conductive electrons and positive holes in a semiconductor pn junction is derived and discussed. The model is applied to simulate the thermal runaway phenomena in power electronics semiconductor devices. Our discussion focuses especially on the modeling of unexpected huge currents due to an excessive temperature increase. Calculated dynamics of temperature distributions of a silicon wafer while cooling performance decreases proved it is possible for a silicon wafer to be heated over its melting point in a few milliseconds. Our results indicate that if a local hot spot arises in a wafer, the thermal intrinsic excitation carries an increased diffusion current of minor carriers and a recombination current in the depletion layer of a pn junction. Also it appears to be important that cooling performance should be uniform on the wafer to avoid the growth of hot spots and thermal‐runaway itself. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 438–455, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10044
The acute nootropic effects of Ginkgo biloba in healthy older human subjects: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Nathan Pradeep J. , Ricketts Emily , Wesnes Keith , Mrazek Ludek , Greville Warick , Stough Con 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGinkgo biloba has been shown to have chronic memory enhancing effects in healthy subjects and patients with dementia. There is limited research on the acute nootropic effects of Ginkgo biloba in humans. The current study aimed to examine the acute effects of Ginkgo biloba (120 mg) on memory functioning in healthy older volunteers using the cognitive drug research (CDR) battery of memory tests and the Rey auditory verbal learning task (AVLT). The study was a double‐blind placebo‐controlled design, with each participant tested under both placebo and Ginkgo biloba treatment conditions. Testing was conducted pre‐ and 90 min post‐drug administration for each treatment condition. Treatment conditions were separated by a 7 day wash out period. No acute effects of Ginkgo biloba were found for any of the memory tests examined. The findings suggest that 120 mg of Ginkgo biloba has no acute nootropic effects in healthy older humans. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes is not a risk factor for tardive dyskinesia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Raja Michele , Azzoni Antonella 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this observational study was to compare the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in diabetic and non diabetic patients. We compared 34 diabetic patients with 34 non diabetic controls, matched by sex, age and time of admission, who had received a complete neuropsychiatric evaluation and who had been exposed to antidopaminergic treatment for at least 3 months. Among them, 8 of 24 diabetic (33.3%) and 6 of 15 (40.0%) non diabetic patients presented TD. The prevalence of TD in the diabetic group is numerically lower than in the controls but the difference is not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.006; fd = 1; p = 0.937). These results suggest that diabetes is unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of TD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tardive dyskinesia and impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Chong Siow‐Ann , Mythily  , Lum Alvin , Yiong Huak Chan , Kane John 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe authors examined the role of impaired glucose metabolism in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients with and without persistent TD. Glucose tolerance and insulin levels were determined in 86 patients with persistent tardive dyskinesia and in 108 patients without tardive dyskinesia. Dyskinesias were assessed by the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) and extrapyramidal symptoms by the Simpson—Angus rating scale (SARS). Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lower while the first and second hour glucose levels did not reveal any differences in patients with tardive dyskinesia compared with those without tardive dyskinesia. Insulin levels did not differ in these two groups. Our cross‐sectional epidemiological study does not suggest hyperglycemia to be a risk factor for tardive dyskinesia. However, prospective long‐term studies with multiple assessment points are needed to clarify the role of glucose metabolism in the development of tardive dyskinesia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute cholecystokinin effects on event‐related potentials in healthy volunteers
Authors: Knott Verner J. , Mahoney Colleen , Gunnarsson Tove , Bradwejn Jacques , Shlik Jakov 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of a continuous slow infusion of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK‐4), a neuropeptide with panicogenic properties, on brain event‐related potentials (ERPs) in healthy adults. Twenty‐four volunteers, 15 females and 9 males, were assigned to infusion with either placebo or CCK‐4 in a randomized, double‐blind, parallel group design. ERPs, elicited within a standard auditory odd‐ball paradigm requiring the counting of rare (20%) occurring ‘deviant’ tones interspersed among more frequent (80%) occurring ‘standard’ tones, were assessed once before infusion, and at 10 min and 40 min after the onset of infusion. Compared with the placebo, CCK‐4 delayed the latencies of N100 and P200 components elicited by ‘deviant’ stimuli. No significant treatment differences were observed with respect to N200, P300b, mood or adverse symptoms. These preliminary findings suggest that CCK‐4 may interfere with information processing relating to the selection of significant stimuli and as such, may be of relevance to mechanisms underlying panic disorder. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling overland flow based on Saint‐Venant equations for a discretized hillslope system
Authors: Wang Guang‐Te , Chen Shulin , Boll Jan , Stockle C. O. , McCooL D. K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMathematical modelling of overland flow is a critical task in simulating transport of water, sediment and other pollutants from land surfaces to receiving waters. In this paper, an overland flow routing method is developed based on the Saint‐Venant equations using a discretized hillslope system for areas with high roughness and steep slope. Under these conditions, the momentum equation reduces to a unique relationship between the flow depth and discharge. A hillslope is treated as a system divided into several subplanes. A set of first‐order non‐linear differential equations for subsequent subplanes are solved analytically using Chezy's formula in lieu of the momentum equation. Comparison of the analytical solution of the first‐order non‐linear ordinary differential equations and a numerical solution using the Runge‐Kutta method shows a relative error of 0·3%. Using runoff data reported in the literature, comparison between the new approach and a numerical solution of the full Saint‐Venant equations showed a close agreement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satellite‐derived indices of stream discharge in Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Dana Gayle L. , Davis Robert E. , Fountain Andrew G. , Wharton Robert A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTemperature indices from NOAA–AVHRR data were developed to predict diurnal and seasonal streamflow in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Masks of the primary land‐cover types (snow, glacier ice, lake ice, and soils) were created from Landsat TM data using binary threshold methods. The masks were then scaled to AVHRR resolution using modal selection of pixels and applied to both diurnal and seasonal time series of AVHRR temperature data from the 1994–95 austral summer season. A temperature area index (TAI) was calculated for different land‐cover types, as well as for the entire watershed. The TAI was defined as the number of pixels at or above a specified temperature. Diurnal discharge was well characterized by a linear relationship of streamflow to the TAI using a temperature threshold of 259 K from all land class pixels for lower Taylor Valley. Neither index successfully predicted seasonal discharge, most likely due to the mismatch of time scales between the satellite and streamflow data. The TAI has great potential for predicting diurnal streamflow in both Taylor Valley and other remote areas within the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of transient climate change on basin hydrology. 2. Impacts on runoff variability in the Arno River, central Italy
Authors: Burlando Paolo , Rosso Renzo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPotential climate change is expected to produce substantial effects on the hydrological cycle. In a companion paper (Burlando P, Rosso R. Hydrological Processes this issue) the effects on precipitation have been discussed, with particular attention being given to significant changes in storm characteristics, distributional and extremal properties. As a consequence, major changes in runoff and rainfall‐driven processes could occur. The analysis of such changes is discussed in this paper, focusing on the Arno River basin, central Italy, which can be representative of climatic environments of southern Europe. The effects of transient scenarios are simulated by a model that explicitly describes the processes involved in the rainfall–runoff transformation. Changes in the most significant components of the water balance are discussed with respect to seasonality, distributional properties and extremes. Finally, mention is also given to some potential implications on water resources. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The case for a World Lake Vision
Authors: Ballatore Thomas J. , Muhandiki Victor S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe creation of a World Lake Vision is essential to achieving the sustainable management of the world's lakes. We discuss the value of lakes, how those values have historically led to changes in watershed land‐use and population, and how changes have resulted in stresses that impair lake value. Current approaches to lake management at both the local and international level are examined and their shortcomings highlighted. We illustrate how a World Lake Vision, along with the individual lake visions it promotes, can redress the shortcomings of current lake management approaches. Details of the World Lake Vision and the process of its creation are put forth. We end with a critique of the World Water Vision presented at the second World Water Forum in March 2000 from the perspective of lakes and conclude that, in its current form, the World Water Vision provides an inadequate guide for sustainable lake management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematic wave solutions for pollutant transport by runoff over an impervious plane, with instantaneous or finite‐period mixing
Authors: Singh Vijay P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKinematic wave solutions are derived for transport of a conservative non‐point‐source pollutant during a rainfall‐runoff event over an impervious plane. Rainfall is assumed to be steady, uniform and finite in duration. Prior to the start of rainfall, the pollutant is distributed uniformly over the plane. When rainfall occurs, the pollutant is washed off in a particular manner and the mixing of pollutant in the runoff water occurs either instantaneously or in a finite period of time under the assumption that the pollutant is soluble and is mixed completely in the runoff water. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo activity of MT201, a fully human monoclonal antibody for pancarcinoma treatment
Authors: Naundorf Stefanie , Preithner Susanne , Mayer Petra , Lippold Sandra , Wolf Andreas , Hanakam Frank , Fichtner Iduna , Kufer Peter , Raum Tobias , Riethmüller Gert , Baeuerle Patrick A. , Dreier Torsten 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn our study, a novel, fully human, recombinant monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 isotype, called MT201, was characterized for its binding properties, complement‐dependent (CDC) and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), as well as for its in vivo antitumor activity in a nude mouse model. MT201 was found to bind its target, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep‐CAM; also called 17‐1A antigen, KSA, EGP‐2, GA733‐2), with low affinity in a range similar to that of the clinically validated, murine monoclonal IgG2a antibody edrecolomab (Panorex®). MT201 exhibited Ep‐CAM‐specific CDC with a potency similar to that of edrecolomab. However, the efficacy of ADCC of MT201, as mediated by human immune effector cells, was by 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of edrecolomab. Addition of human serum reduced the ADCC of MT201 while it essentially abolished ADCC of edrecolomab within the concentration range tested. In a nude mouse xenograft model, growth of tumors derived from the human colon carcinoma line HT‐29 was significantly and comparably suppressed by MT201 and edrecolomab. The fully human nature and the improved ADCC of MT201 with human effector cells will make MT201 a promising candidate for the clinical development of a novel pan‐carcinoma antibody that is superior to edrecolomab. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of downstaging in the detection of cervical neoplasia in Kolkata, India
Authors: Basu Parthasarathi , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Mandal Ranajit , Roy Chinmoy , Das Pradip , Choudhury Devhani , Datta Krabi , Karamakar Sanjib , Tsu Vivien , Chakrabarti Rohini Nandan , Siddiqi Maqsood ,   Calcutta Cervical Neoplasia Early Detection Study (CEDS) Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractUnaided visual inspection or “downstaging” has been suggested as a potential alternative method for cervical cancer screening in developing countries. Our study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of downstaging to detect cervical neoplasia in a low‐resource setting. A total of 6,399 women aged 30–64 years were screened with downstaging by trained nonmedical health workers. Two thresholds were used to define positive downstaging: “low threshold” when any visible abnormality on the cervix was considered positive and “high threshold” when selected abnormalities such as bleeding on touch, bleeding erosion, hypertrophied oedematous cervix, congested stippled cervix and growth or ulcer constituted the positive test. All women underwent a colposcopy examination. Biopsies were directed when colposcopy revealed abnormal lesions. True disease status was defined as histologically proven moderate dysplasia and worse lesions. Since all the participants received a diagnostic (reference) investigation (biopsy and/or colposcopy), sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were estimated directly. Low‐ and high‐threshold downstaging were positive in 1,585 (24.8%) and 460 (7.2%) women, respectively. The sensitivities of low‐ and high‐threshold downstaging to detect high‐grade precursors and invasive cancers were 48.9% and 31.9%, respectively. The specificities were 75.8% and 93.3%, respectively. These results indicate that downstaging is not suitable as an independent primary screening modality for cervical neoplasia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MICA triggering signal for NK cell tumor lysis is counteracted by HLA‐G1‐mediated inhibitory signal
Authors: Menier Catherine , Riteau Béatrice , Carosella Edgardo D. , Rouas‐Freiss Nathalie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMICA, a highly glycosylated membrane‐anchored cell–surface MHC Class I‐related chain, has recently been reported to activate NK cell cytolytic responses in epithelial tumors. Tumor cells may escape from NK lysis by counteracting NK cytotoxicity activating signals with inhibitory ones. Among the molecules that mediate an NK inhibitory signal, HLA‐G1, a non‐classical MHC Class I antigen, is of particular interest. HLA‐G1 is ectopically expressed in various tumors, including melanoma and constitutes the major NK inhibitory ligand in the M8 melanoma cell line when coexpressed with HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐E molecules. We have evaluated the balance between 2 powerful signals that affect NK cell tumor lysis, one inhibitory and the other one activating, respectively HLA‐G1 and MICA. For this purpose, we transfected the M8 melanoma cell line, which spontaneously expresses MICA, with HLA‐G1 cDNA, using it as a target for the NKL effector. We carried out cytotoxicity assays, using antibodies that disrupt interactions between the MICA and HLA‐G1 ligands and their respective NK effector counterparts, the NKG2D activating and ILT2 inhibitory receptors. Results showed that 1) MICA expressed in the M8 melanoma cell line triggered NK cell tumor lysis and 2) HLA‐G1 coexpression mediated the inhibition of NK cytotoxicity by mitigating the MICA activating signal. HLA‐G1 expression in a tumor cell line in which MICA is switched on would therefore appear to be a powerful way to turn off NK cells, supporting the emerging idea that the balance between positive and negative NK cytolysis signals critically influences tumor progression. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of an IGF‐I receptor dominant negative mutant induces apoptosis, inhibits tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity in Ewing's sarcoma cells
Authors: Scotlandi Katia , Avnet Sofia , Benini Stefania , Manara Maria Cristina , Serra Massimo , Cerisano Vanessa , Perdichizzi Stefania , Lollini Pier‐Luigi , De Giovanni Carla , Landuzzi Lorena , Picci Piero 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIGF‐IR plays an essential role in the establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype of ES cells and interference with the IGF‐IR pathways causes reversal of the malignant potential of this neoplasm. In this report, we stably transfected a dominant negative IGF‐IR expression plasmid in an ES cell line to determine the effectiveness of this strategy against the in vitro and in vivo growth of ES cells. DXR sensitivity of TC‐71 cells expressing dominant negative mutants of IGF‐IR was also examined. The mutated IGF‐IR that we used carries a mutation in the ATP‐binding domain of the intracellular β subunit, while the extracellular, ligand‐binding α subunit remains unchanged. Cells carrying the dominant mutant IGF‐IR had a marked decrease in proliferation, a significant increase in anoikis‐induced apoptosis and a severely reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar. In vivo, when cells carrying dominant negative IGF‐IR were injected into nude mice, the tumor formation and metastatic abilities of ES cells were reduced and survival increased. Furthermore, transfected clones showed significantly higher sensitivity to DXR, a major drug in the treatment of ES. These results indicate that the IGF/IGF‐IR stimulation of ES cells may be inhibited by expression of mutated IGF‐IR on their surfaces and that this strategy may be considered a possible alternative to impair this important target of ES cells, whose therapeutic potential was further confirmed. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of a COOH‐truncated nucleophosmin resulting from alternative splicing is associated with cellular resistance to ionizing radiation in HeLa cells
Authors: Dalenc Florence , Drouet Jerome , Ader Isabelle , Delmas Caroline , Rochaix Philippe , Favre Gilles , Cohen‐Jonathan Elizabeth , Toulas Christine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that transfecting HeLa cells with the 24 kDa basic fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) isoform dramatically increased cell survival after irradiation. To investigate genes implicated in this radioresistance acquisition, we compared mRNA expression between radioresistant 24 kDa FGF‐2‐expressing cells (HeLa 3A) and radiosensitive control HeLa PINA cells using the differential display technique. Of the 32 differentially expressed mRNAs, 1 presented a significant homology with a known gene. This 378 bp fragment presented 100% identity with exon 11 and 12 of human nucleophosmin (NPM) but differed by including a part of intron 9 in its 5&primes; end. The differential expression of this fragment was confirmed using an RNase protection assay. We then cloned the entire corresponding mRNA and showed that it contained all the exons of NPM plus intron 9, suggesting that it was a splicing product of the NPM gene. This variant encoded for a 35‐amino acid truncated NPM (NPM2). NPM2 expression was increased in HeLa 3A. To investigate NPM2's role in radioresistance acquisition, we transfected HeLa cells with NPM2 cDNA and analyzed survival after irradiation of the clones obtained. After transfection with NPM2, radiosensitive HeLa cells exhibited a dramatic increase in cell survival after irradiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that expression of a COOH‐truncated NPM form resulting from the alternative splicing of NPM mRNA is able to increase cell survival after irradiation and suggests that it might be involved in cellular response to ionizing radiation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutational analysis of the class I β‐tubulin gene in human breast cancer
Authors: Hasegawa Seiichi , Miyoshi Yasuo , Egawa Chiyomi , Ishitobi Makoto , Tamaki Yasuhiro , Monden Morito , Noguchi Shinzaburo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancers have a high incidence of somatic mutations of the β‐tubulin (class I) gene, suggesting involvement in the acquisition of resistance to taxanes, which exert their effects through binding to β‐tubulin. Since taxanes are often used in the treatment of breast cancer, we carried out a mutational analysis of the class I β‐tubulin (GenBank accession AF070600) gene in breast cancer. We paid special attention to the primer design so as not to amplify the pseudogenes. We identified 1 somatic mutation, codon 306 [Arg (CGC) to Cys (TGC)], and 2 genetic polymorphisms, codon 217 [Leu (CTG) to Leu (CTA)] and (C to T) at 57 bases downstream from exon 4. Our results suggest that acquisition of resistance to taxanes is unlikely to be explained by somatic mutations of the class I β‐tubulin gene in most breast cancers. In addition, the overestimation of the incidence of somatic mutations of the class I β‐tubulin gene due to the pseudogenes is discussed. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.