bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition, time, temperature, and annealing-process dependences of crystalline and amorphous phases in ductile semiconductors Ag2S1−xTex with x = 0.3–0.6
Authors: Sato Kosuke , Hirata Keisuke , Matsunami Masaharu , Takeuchi Tsunehiro 
Published: January 2024

We investigate composition, time, temperature, and annealing-process dependences of crystalline and amorphous phases in ductile semiconductors Ag2S1−xTex with x = 0.3–0.6. We reveal that a metastable amorphous phase containing no secondary phases is obtainable at x = 0.6 even with furnace cooling and possesses ductility in the same manner as the end compound of Ag2S, while the high-temperature phase (HTP) of Ag2S precipitates in the amorphous phase at x = 0.3–0.5 by keeping the good ductility. During the crystallization process of the amorphous phase by annealing a sample at 373–503 K for 4–14 days and cooling it down slowly to room temperature, HTP of Ag2S disappears and the low-temperature phase (LTP) of Ag2S and the Ag5−dTe3 phase appear, while the amorphous phase remains. The ductility is observed for the samples containing the LTP of Ag2S but not for those containing the Ag5−dTe3 phase. Based on the obtained results, the possible phase diagram of Ag2S1−xTex with x = 0.3–0.6 is proposed, and the origin of the ductility in the LTP and HTP of Ag2S and amorphous phase is discussed. We believe that our study is helpful for properly predicting mechanical and transport properties of this material and developing this material as a component of bendable/wearable electronic devices for long-term use.
Barrow holographic dark energy in Brane world cosmology
Authors: Chanda Anirban , Mitra Arpan Krishna , Dey Sagar , Ghose Souvik , Paul B C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cosmological features of barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE), a recent generalization of original Holographic dark energy (DE) with a richer structure, are studied in the context of Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati (DGP) brane, Randall and Sundrum (RS II) brane-world, and the cyclic Universe. It is found that a flat FRW scenario with pressure less dust and a DE component described as BHDE can accommodate late time acceleration with Hubble horizon considered as infrared cut off even in the absence of interaction between the dark sectors. Statefinder diagnostic reveals that these model resemble

Λ
C
D
M

cosmology in future. It is found that BHDE parameter Δ, despite its theoretically constrained range of values, is significant in describing the evolution of the Universe, however, a classically stable cosmological model cannot be obtained in the RS-II and DGP brane. Viability of the models is also probed with observed Hubble data.
Large area nanoscale patterning of functional materials using organosilicate ink based nanotransfer printing
Authors: Binderup Stephen , Venumadhav Korampally 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a versatile nanotransfer printing method for achieving large-area sub-micron patterns of functional materials. Organosilicate ink formulations combined with effective release layers have been shown to facilitate patterning of materials through the commonly used patterning approaches—lift off, physical etching and chemical etching. In this paper, we demonstrate that organosilicate ink formulations function as an effective resist owing to its superior physico-chemical stability whereas the release layers ensure clean removal of the resist post patterning. We successfully demonstrate patterning of sub-micron structures (800 nm feature sizes) of chromium metal through the lift off approach, silicon through reactive ion etching technique and silicon dioxide through wet chemical etching technique illustrating the versatility of the reported method. This patterning methodology represents a significant advancement in enabling nanostructure fabrication within resource-constrained laboratories. The approach requires nothing more than a master mold containing the desired structures, a spin coater, a low-temperature hotplate, and a desktop reactive ion etch tool.
Optimizing solid electrolytes with 3d transition metal doped Li3YCl6 for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Paul Tanmoy , Banerjee Abhik , Das G P , Sanyal Biplab 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Li3YCl6 is a promising candidate for solid electrolytes (SEs) in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries due to its high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and compatibility with metal-oxide electrodes. The monoclinic and trigonal crystal structures of Li3YCl6 with space groups C2/c and P-3m1 have been studied extensively, while little attention has been given to the trigonal P-3c1 phase (space group no. 165). Additionally, Li-ion diffusion mechanism in 3d transition metal (TM) substituted compounds along with their structural stability are interesting to study. Therefore, we investigate the Li diffusion mechanism in Li3YCl6 and TM substituted Li3YCl6 in the P-3c1 phase using first-principles calculations. We have found that all the substituted compounds are thermodynamically stable at room temperature and show high oxidation stability. Li3Y0.875Co0.125Cl6 exhibits the lowest activation energy (0.11 eV) for Li-ion diffusion and the highest Li-ion mobility (σ = 0.39 mS cm−1 at room temperature), which is strongly anisotropic. We used the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population method to analyze the bonding characteristics of Li3YCl6 and 3d TM substituted Li3YCl6 and found that the Co–Cl bond is weaker than the Cr–Cl bond. This may explain the lower activation energy observed for Li3Y0.875Co0.125Cl6. Our results provide insights into the substitution effect in Li3YCl6 superionic conductors, which could guide the design and development of high-performance SEs for Li-ion batteries.
Excellent spin diode and spin-dependent Seebeck effects in hetero-junctions based on ferromagnetic Cr3M4 (M = Se, Te)
Authors: Wu Qihong , Shang Wenqiu , Wang Cong , Wu Dandan , Li Jie , Ding Guangqian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ferromagnetic (FM) half-metals have been regarded as the most promising candidates for spin injection into semiconductors due to their completely spin-polarized electronic states around the Fermi level. To explore the potential application of Cr3M4 (M = Se, Te) in spintronic devices, which are experimentally synthesized FM bulks as well as half-metallic monolayers with high Curie temperature, we propose to design a Bi2Se3/Cr3Se4 van der Waals hetero-junction and a 2D Cr3S4/Cr3Te4 hetero-junction motivated by the recent report on controlling synthesis of Cr
x
M
y
based heterostructures. First-principles calculations combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function uncover the perfect spin filtering and spin diode effect in Bi2Se3/Cr3Se4 van der Waals hetero-junction. More interestingly, the Cr3S4/Cr3Te4 hetero-junction shows an excellent spin-dependent Seebeck effect, in which spin-dependent currents with opposite spin orientation can be driven by a temperature gradient to flow in the opposite transport direction. These effects can be understood from the calculated spin-dependent band structures and transmission spectrum. Our results put forward a promising designing and application of spintronic devices based on Cr3M4 (M = Se, Te) FM materials.
TiO2 nanorod arrays/Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanosheet composites with efficient photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wu Shujun , Ou Kai , Zhang Wenting , Ni Yuxiang , Xia Yudong , Wang Hongyan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis holds significant promise in addressing both environmental and energy challenges. However, a major hurdle in photocatalytic processes remains the efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers. In this study, TiO2 nanorod arrays were employed by glancing angle deposition technique, onto which Ti3C2T
x
MXene was deposited through a spin-coating process. This hybrid approach aims to amplify the photocatalytic efficacy of TiO2 nanorod arrays. Through photocurrent efficiency characterization testing, an optimal loading of TiO2/Ti3C2T
x
composites is identified. Remarkably, this composite exhibits a 40% increase in photocurrent density in comparison to pristine TiO2. This enhancement is attributed to the exceptional electrical conductivity and expansive specific surface area inherent to Ti3C2T
x
MXene. These attributes facilitate swift transport of photoinduced electrons, consequently refining the separation and migration of electron–hole pairs. The synergistic TiO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite showcases its potential across various domains including photoelectrochemical water splitting and diverse photocatalytic devices. As such, this composite material stands as a novel and promising entity for advancing photocatalytic applications. This study can offer an innovative approach for designing simple and efficient photocatalytic materials composed of MXene co-catalysts and TiO2 for efficient water electrolysis on semiconductors.
Performance of the improved tritium decanting facility in support of JET tritium operations
Authors: Withycombe Alex , Hayes Nathanya , Kennedy David , Lefebvre Xavier ,   the JET Contributors
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A Tritium fuel cycle must have the capability to import tritium inventory from transport storage containers to enable initial inventory stockpiling and future refresh of the inventory. The Joint European Torus (JET) Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) previously imported tritium inventory from Amersham uranium beds (U-beds) via a decanting system housed in the Analytical Make-up box secondary containment. Due to significant operational challenges with this decanting system, a new system, the Tritium Decanting Facility (TDF) was designed and built, to enable import of tritium inventory from Amersham U-beds for the JET Deuterium–Tritium experiment 2. The TDF process design incorporated several changes, including a tertiary containment with independent purge system, process services supply including argon, and direct connection to the AGHS Intermediate Storage system. These changes resulted in significant improvements to the decanting process, including a significant reduction in contamination effects from off-gassing, reduced decanting time, and reduced risk of exposure to the operators. The key features of the TDF design and their subsequent impact on the operation of the AGHS are discussed in detail.
A novel low trigger voltage low leakage SCR for low-voltage ESD protection
Authors: Liu Jizhi , Yang Feilong , Liu Yilin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Reducing trigger voltage has always been a research hotspot in low-voltage electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection applications for integrated circuit. Thus, a novel low trigger voltage low leakage silicon-controlled rectifier (LTVLLSCR) for low-voltage ESD protection has been proposed. The proposed device uses a PMOS connected with the SCR to reduce the trigger voltage and the PMOS gate can be applied with the supply voltage to further reduce the trigger voltage and the leakage current. The operating principle and the physical mechanism of the proposed device were discussed by the Human Body Model simulation. The ESD characteristics of the proposed device were verified in 55 nm CMOS process. The experimental results demonstrate that the trigger voltage of the proposed device can reach a minimum of 2.86 V with an external bias, and the leakage current at 25 °C is about 1 nA which can be reduced by 13% with an external bias. With lower trigger voltage, lower leakage, smaller ESD design window and good ESD robustness, the LTVLLSCR is very suitable for 1 V low voltage applications.
Prospect for precision quantum logic spectroscopy of vibrational overtone transitions in molecular oxygen ions
Authors: Wolf Fabian , Heip Jan C , Zawierucha Maximilian J , Shi Chunyan , Ospelkaus Silke , Schmidt Piet O 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Precision spectroscopy has been the driving force for progress of our physical understanding and still is a promising tool for the investigation of new physics. Molecules offer transitions which allow tests that are not possible in atomic systems. However, usually precision spectroscopy of molecules is challenging due to the lack of cycling transitions for state preparation and state detection. For molecular ions, this obstacle can be overcome by quantum logic spectroscopy, where dissipation for state preparation and detection is provided by a co-trapped atomic ion exploiting the shared eigenstates of motion. Here, we propose a full quantum logic spectroscopy scheme for molecular oxygen ions and theoretically investigate the feasibility of quantum logic-assisted state detection and preparation. Furthermore, we provide coupling rates for a direct single-photon quadrupole excitation of a vibrational overtone transition that can serve as a sensitive reference for tests of a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio.
Phenomenology of dark tensor currents
Authors: Naydenov M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work we suggest a dark mediator model which extends the usual U(1) Lagrangian by including new degrees of freedom coupling to Standard Model fermions. Such dark particles can contribute to the neutral pion decay. For interaction constant and the dark particle mass consistent with the observed anomalies in the nuclear decays by the ATOMKI group we show that the dark tensor particles naturally incorporate lepton universality violation which introduces sizable effect on the muon anomalous magnetic moment.
Uniform cerebral organoid culture on a pillar plate by simple and reproducible spheroid transfer from an ultralow attachment well plate
Authors: Acharya Prabha , Joshi Pranav , Shrestha Sunil , Choi Na Young , Jeong Sehoon , Lee Moo-Yeal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids have potential to recapitulate the earliest stages of brain development, serving as an effective in vitro model for studying both normal brain development and disorders. However, current brain organoid culture methods face several challenges, including low throughput, high variability in organoid generation, and time-consuming, multiple transfer and encapsulation of cells in hydrogels throughout the culture. These limitations hinder the widespread application of brain organoids including high-throughput assessment of compounds in clinical and industrial lab settings. In this study, we demonstrate a straightforward approach of generating multiple cerebral organoids from iPSCs on a pillar plate platform, eliminating the need for labor-intensive, multiple transfer and encapsulation steps to ensure the reproducible generation of cerebral organoids. We formed embryoid bodies in an ultra-low attachment 384-well plate and subsequently transferred them to the pillar plate containing Matrigel, using a straightforward sandwiching and inverting method. Each pillar on the pillar plate contains a single spheroid, and the success rate of spheroid transfer was in a range of 95%–100%. Using this approach, we robustly generated cerebral organoids on the pillar plate and demonstrated an intra-batch coefficient of variation below 9%–19% based on ATP-based cell viability and compound treatment. Notably, our spheroid transfer method in combination with the pillar plate allows miniaturized culture of cerebral organoids, alleviates the issue of organoid variability, and has potential to significantly enhance assay throughput by allowing in situ organoid assessment as compared to conventional organoid culture in 6-/24-well plates, petri dishes, and spinner flasks.
Investigating the impact of infill patterns on shape memory effect in material extrusion
Authors: Choi Jiwoo , Waheed Usman , Myant Connor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) for their potential application in additive manufacturing. The Shape Memory Effect (SME), a key attribute of SMPs, enables 3D-printed objects to alter their shape in response to external stimuli. Several methods for programming SMEs have been explored, such as modifying printing parameters like infill patterns or density. However, incorporating SMPs as substitutes for conventional functional components has been challenging due to grafting difficulties and the limited reliability of SMEs. In this research, the influence of internal structures on SMEs is examined by comparing the full shape recovery period. This investigation has revealed the impact of different infill structures on SMEs and uncovered a complex shape recovery pattern termed multi-phased SME. This occurs when straight infill structures are nearly parallel along the length of a cuboid specimen that has been programmed to form a 90° curve. This finding enhances the creation of complex shape recovery behaviours by simply modifying printing parameters and is applicable to a variety of SMPs.
Electronic transport properties of spin-crossover polymer plus polyaniline composites with Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Mishra Esha , Chin WaiKiat , McElveen Kayleigh A , Ekanayaka Thilini K , Zaz M Zaid , Viswan Gauthami , Zielinski Ruthi , N’Diaye Alpha T , Shapiro David , Lai Rebecca Y , Streubel Robert , Dowben Peter A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Adding Fe3O4 nanoparticles to composites of [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) spin-crossover polymer and polyaniline (PANI) drives a phase separation of both and restores the molecular structure and cooperative effects of the spin-crossover polymer without compromising the increased conductivity gained through the addition of PANI. We observe an increased on-off ratio for the DC conductivity owing to an enlarged off state resistivity and a 20 times larger AC conductivity of the on state compared with DC values. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles, primarily confined to the [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) phase, are ferromagnetically coupled to the local moment of the spin-crossover molecule suggesting the existence of an exchange interaction between both components.
An effective hybrid particle swarm—artificial neural network optimization for predicting green bio-fiber mechanical characteristics and optimizing biomaterial performance
Authors: Nawafleh Nashat , Al-Oqla Faris M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced composites are currently utilized in several applications due to worldwide environmental and cost concerns. However, these composites have production challenges such as poor reinforcement-matrix adhesion, that sophisticates the prediction of their mechanical properties. This study presents a novel, robust hybrid particle swarm—artificial neural network optimization (PSO-ANN) methodology to assess and create accurate predictions of the green bio-fibers to optimize and improve the mechanical features of biomaterials for green bio-products instead of performing tedious experimental works. As the mechanical qualities of green bio-fibers might differ from one fiber to another due to several interacted parameters, high complexity in predicting the bio-fiber capabilities exists. Therefore, this work utilizes suitable methods with a non-linear activation function to predict the mechanical characteristics of natural fibers that allow the researchers to improve the choices of natural fibers for biomaterials on the basis of cellulose content, the microfibrillar angle, and the diameter of natural fibers, decreasing the duration of the process required to characterize materials experimentally. The reliability of the introduced PSO-ANN model was verified by the investigations of the fiber’s tensile stress and Young’s modulus. Results showed that the presented model is capable of consistently and accurately monitoring the mechanical performance to a large degree, in comparison with experimental results. This in fact would facilitate and simplify the process of selecting the best natural fiber composites, which speeds up the experimental characterization phase and improves energy efficiency in the process of converting energy into monetary income, which would have ramifications for both economies and ecosystems. The anticipated method would also boost scientific evaluation of green fibers, confirming their role as a replacement material for green product fulfillment in future eco-friendly manufacturing.
Printability disparities in heterogeneous material combinations via laser directed energy deposition: a comparative study
Authors: Ning Jinsheng , Zhu Lida , Wang Shuhao , Yang Zhichao , Xu Peihua , Xue Pengsheng , Lu Hao , Yu Miao , Zhao Yunhang , Li Jiachen , Bose Susmita , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing provides achievability for the fabrication of bimetallic and multi-material structures; however, the material compatibility and bondability directly affect the parts’ formability and final quality. It is essential to understand the underlying printability of different material combinations based on an adapted process. Here, the printability disparities of two common and attractive material combinations (nickel- and iron-based alloys) are evaluated at the macro and micro levels via laser directed energy deposition (DED). The deposition processes were captured using in situ high-speed imaging, and the dissimilarities in melt pool features and track morphology were quantitatively investigated within specific process windows. Moreover, the microstructure diversity of the tracks and blocks processed with varied material pairs was comparatively elaborated and, complemented with the informative multi-physics modeling, the presented non-uniformity in mechanical properties (microhardness) among the heterogeneous material pairs was rationalized. The differences in melt flow induced by the unlike thermophysical properties of the material pairs and the resulting element intermixing and localized re-alloying during solidification dominate the presented dissimilarity in printability among the material combinations. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the phenomenological differences in the deposition of dissimilar materials and aims to guide more reliable DED forming of bimetallic parts.
High fatty acid accumulation and coloration molecular mechanism of the elm mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus)
Authors: Bao Xuemei , Ke Danmin , Wang Wei , Ye Fahui , Zeng Jiangyi , Zong Yuan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Pleurotus citrinopileatus is a low-cholesterol, protein-rich, and high-nutrient food. The molecular mechanisms of the compounds and coloration have not been reported. Metabolome and transcriptome were used to clarify the molecular mechanisms of key compounds biosynthesis. K-means analysis identified 19 compounds in P. citrinopileatus, mainly lipids and alkaloids in class 8. In addition, 84 lipids were higher and that the different compounds were mainly enriched in linoleic acid metabolism. A total of 14 compounds detected in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway were significantly up-regulated, while 3 sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors were screened. Tryptophan metabolism and riboflavin biosynthesis pathway analysis indicated that 3 Unigenes had tryptophan decarboxylase similar elements, which belonged to tyrosine decarboxylase 1. Moreover, CL15618.Contig5_All had high homology with MFS. In conclusion, the expression of 3 SREBP, the synthesis of isobavachalcone D, and the regulation of riboflavin transport by MCH5 were the reasons for fatty acid accumulation and yellow cap formation in the P. citrinopileatus.