bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the slow Arrhenius process deep in the glassy state–quantitative evaluation of the dielectric relaxation of bulk samples and thin polymer films in the temperature domain
Authors: Thoms Erik , Li Chun , Napolitano Simone 
Published: January 2024

The slow Arrhenius process (SAP) is a dielectric mode connected to thermally activated equilibration mechanisms, allowing for a fast reduction in free energy in liquids and glasses. The SAP, however, is still poorly understood, and so far, this process has mainly been investigated at temperatures above the glass transition. By employing a combination of methods to analyze dielectric measurements under both isochronal and isothermal conditions, we were able to quantitatively reproduce the dielectric response of the SAP of different polymers and to expand the experimental regime over which this process can be observed down to lower temperatures, up to 70 K below the glass transition. Employing thin films of thicknesses varying between 10 and 800 nm, we further verified that the peak shape and activation energy of the SAP of poly(4-bromostyrene) are not sensitive to temperature, nor do they vary upon confinement at the nanoscale level. These observations confirm the preliminary trends reported for other polymers. We find that one single set of parameters—meaning the activation barrier and the pre-exponential factor, respectively, linked to the enthalpic and entropic components of the process—can describe the dynamics of the SAP in both the supercooled liquid and glassy states, in bulk and thin films. These results are discussed in terms of possible molecular origins of the slow Arrhenius process in polymers.
Re-imagining Animal-Assisted Human Services (AAHS): Developing Canada’s first voluntary National Standard of Canada (NSC) for AAHS
Authors: Moss Joanne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Animal-Assisted Human Services (AAHS) is a variety of interdisciplinary practices, including assistance/service animals and Animal-Assisted Interventions such as Animal-Assisted Activities, Animal-Assisted Learning, and Animal-Assisted Therapy. The Human-Animal Bond and Human-Animal Interactions (HAI) bridge the Natural Sciences, Humanities, Veterinary Medicine, and Applied Sciences.
Over the last century, AAHS has gradually evolved into a booming, lucrative marketplace characterized by for-profit and non-profit businesses within Canada’s economy. Even so, there are no integrated national, provincial, or territorial frameworks for AAHS within Canada’s healthcare, social, justice, and correctional services on which its human services and economy are built. By the same token, the lines remain blurred concerning the essential competencies and credentials required to work or volunteer within the industry or how or where to begin pursuing a career within this rapidly growing ecosystem. Consequently, AAHS is still in its infancy as a recognized sub-category within Canada’s Human Services Industry.
Additionally, this broad, multifaceted industry encompasses silos, such as the horse and dog industries. While both industries provide AAHS, their self-contained environments inhibit opportunities to cross-pollinate their knowledge, experiential learning, and expertise in theory and practice. Therefore, uniting and converging related industries within this milieu would help to open doors to new possibilities, innovations, and relationships that would not be possible otherwise. The correlation with HAI makes these human services a distinct discipline in its own right.
For over two decades, The Canadian Foundation for Animal-Assisted Support Services (CF4AASS), an impartial national registered charity, has promoted the availability, credibility, and sustainability of excellence in AAHS. Co-designing this industry sector standard was a catalyst for integrating and engaging relevant stakeholders to cultivate mutually beneficial outcomes and building blocks toward a seamless national AAHS Centre of Excellence.
Subsequently, re-imagining AAHS was a call to action where opportunity and shared responsibilities intersect. Embracing an integrated approach to foster unity in diversity and the co-innovation of AAHS, its marketplace, and the environments in which it interconnects is rooted in CF4AASS’s culture and support services.
Illustrating the industry sector’s combined value, national footprint, and socio-ecological and socio-economic Systems (SES) impact would significantly enhance this promising sector’s complementary and essential human services contributions throughout Canada.
With this in mind, I hope this commentary sheds light on why the development of a voluntary standard was long overdue and a proactive measure to benefit multiple stakeholders, a step forward to nurture and facilitate solidarity and innovation.
Deformations of the Kerr-(A)dS near horizon geometry
Authors: Bahuaud Eric , Gunasekaran Sharmila , K Kunduri Hari , Woolgar Eric 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate deformations of the Kerr-(A)dS near horizon geometry and derive partial infinitesimal rigidity results for it. The proof comprises two parts. First, we follow the analysis of Jezierski and Kamiński (2013 Gen. Rel. Grav.
45 987–1004) to eliminate all but a finite number of Fourier modes of linear perturbations. In the second part, we give an argument using analyticity to prove that there are no odd Fourier modes.
High performance field emission cathode based on the diamond nanowires prepared by nanocrystalline diamond films annealed in air
Authors: Wang Yang , Lin Chen , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the field emission (FE) characteristics of a diamond nanowires (DNWs) array. The nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) film was deposited on silicon by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) and then annealed in air forming DNWs and hydrogenated at last. A high-field flat-plate emission test structure with a 1.03 μm gap between anode and cathode was prepared and the electrical properties proved it feasible. The FE performance of DNWs array was measured in a vacuum test system and that of NCDs film as a comparison. Finally, their FE parameters were analyzed and extracted based on the Fowler–Nordheim (F-N) theory. The results show that transforming NCDs film into DNWs array can improve the FE characteristics greatly. The turn-on field is as low as 1.36 V μm−1 dropping by one order of magnitude, while the field enhancement factor and FE current density are up to 156.68 and 484.75 mA cm−2 respectively rising both by two orders of magnitude. This excellent FE performance stems from the characteristics of large aspect ratio, very small tip radius and high density of DNWs.
Complex characterisation of Cr-doped α-Al
2O3
for DBD applications
Authors: Svandova L , Pazderka M , Pribyl R , Stastny P , Kelar J , Kelar Tucekova Z , Slavicek P , Trunec M , Cernak M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Al

2

O

3

samples doped with

Cr

2

O

3

up to

10

vol.

%
(
12.7

wt

%
)

were investigated with respect to their electrical, structural and morphological properties relevant to their use as a dielectric barrier in dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs). The surface properties were analysed using atomic force microscopy and a scanning electron microscope. The structural properties were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Regarding electrical properties, we measured the dielectric constant of the material, the discharge ignition voltage in a coplanar configuration in the air as well as in nitrogen, and the working domains (WDs) of atmospheric pressure Townsend discharge (APTD). The charge-trapping properties of the studied samples were measured by an electrostatic voltmeter. There was observed a significant ignition voltage decrease with maximal decrease for sample doped with

1

vol.

%

Cr

2

O

3

. For the samples doped with

10

vol.

%

of

Cr

2

O

3

a rapid surface potential decay was observed that is important from the viewpoint of DBDs plasma filamentation due to the so-called surface memory effect. The WDs of the APTD showed variations, and it has been significantly extended for the 5Cr sample up to at least 24 kHz compared to other samples. Thus, the results presented in this paper show the potential of Cr-doped dielectric barriers and point towards future research directions.
Low dark current lateral Ge PIN photodetector array with resonant cavity effect for short wave infrared imaging
Authors: Yao Liqiang , Ji Ruoyun , Wu Songsong , Jiao Jinlong , He Fuxiu , Wang Dan , Wang Jianyuan , Li Cheng , Huang Wei , Ke Shaoying , Lin Guangyang , Chen Songyan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-performance germanium (Ge) lateral PIN photodetector (PD) arrays for short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging based on Ge-on-insulator (GOI) platform was proposed and demonstrated. The high-quality GOI platform with top-Ge layer thickness of 1.25 μm and threading dislocation density of less than 105 cm−2 was prepared by using bonding and smart-cut technology. P-type and N-type regions with centrosymmetric racetrack shapes were introduced to lower the sidewall electric field and suppress the surface leakage current of the PD. Benefiting from the high-quality of the GOI platform and the unique design of lateral active regions, a low dark current of 2 nA under −1 V with outstanding rectification ratio of 2.1 × 106 were obtained at room temperature. Through constructing a vertical resonant cavity by SiO2 passivation layer and the Si/SiO2 substrate, the responsivity at 1550 nm was enhanced to 0.46 A W−1 with a high specific detectivity of 3.09 × 1010cm·Hz1/2 ·W−1 under −1 V. Ultimately, SWIR imaging was demonstrated by a Ge lateral PIN PD line array with 1 × 8 pixels under zero bias at room temperature. The results indicate that the proposed lateral Ge PD structure holds great application potential in the field of SWIR imaging.
A bearing fault diagnosis method with an improved residual Unet diffusion model under extreme data imbalance
Authors: Wang Huaqing , Zhang Wenbo , Han Changkun , Fu Zhenbao , Song Liuyang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As a vital constituent of rotating machinery, rolling bearings assume a pivotal function in ensuring the stable operation of equipment. Recently, deep learning (DL)-based methods have been able to diagnose bearing faults accurately. However, in practical applications, the severe data imbalance caused by the limited availability of fault data compared to the abundance of healthy data poses challenges to the effective training of DL models, leading to a decrease in diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, a bearing fault diagnosis method with the improved residual Unet diffusion model (IResUnet-DM) based on a data generation strategy is proposed to solve the extreme data imbalance. Initially, a deep feature extraction network named improved residual Unet is built, which effectively enhances the information learning ability from vibration signals of the Unet network by one-dimensional residual block and self-attention block. Furthermore, the IResUnet-DM is constructed, which generates vibration signals under extreme data imbalance based on a probability model. The variational bound on the negative log-likelihood of the distribution of generated data was optimized to make the generated data similar to the real data distribution. Finally, wide deep convolutional neural network and one-dimensional ResNet classification networks were used for fault identification to verify the validity and generalization of the IResUnet-DM. Experiment results at different data imbalance rates on two bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve fault diagnosis accuracy under extreme data imbalances and outperform the comparison method.
Beam diagnostics with silicon pixel detector array at PADME experiment
Authors: Bertelli S. , Bossi F. , Di Giulio C. , Di Meco E. , Dimitrova K. , De Sangro R. , Domenici D. , Frankenthal A. , Ferrarotto F. , Finocchiaro G. , Foggetta L.G. , Garattini M. , Georgiev G. , Gianotti P. , Ivanov S. , Ivanov Sv. , Kozhuharov V. , Leonardi E. , Long E. , Mancini M. , Oceano I. , Oliva F. , Organtini G.C. , Piperno G. , Raggi M. , Sarra I. , Simeonov R. , Spadaro T. , Spiriti E. , Taruggi C. , Vilucchi E. , Valente P. , Variola A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During 2022 data taking (Run III) PADME searched for a resonant production and a visible decay of the X17 particle into e+e-. A precise knowledge within 1% uncertainty of the number of positrons was required for the observation. To that purpose, an array of 2 × 6 Timepix3 (total of 512 × 1536 pixels) hybrid pixel detectors operated in data-streaming mode with ToA resolution of 1.56 ns for every pixel was employed. Two methods for data acquisition were developed. A frame-based method, integrating the number of hits for each individual pixel for a predefined period of time served for monitoring the beam conditions and to provide a rough estimation of the beam distribution and number of positrons. A data streaming mode exploiting the nanosecond time resolution of Timepix3 detector was used for precise characterization of the transverse beam profile and the distribution of the incident positrons within each bunch of ∼ 200 ns duration.
Study on deconvolution of alpha-particle spectra using metaheuristic optimization and multivariate analysis
Authors: Li Xuebin , Pan Lantian , Yang Luchun , Jin Zhao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To find a global optimal solution and obtain further insight
into the parameters of the peak shape fitting function,
metaheuristic optimization algorithms, and multivariate analysis
techniques are employed to study the deconvolution of alpha-particle
spectra. An improved peak shape model composed of the
Bortels-Collaers function and Lévy distribution function, which
aims to handle the high-energy tailing, is proposed. A newly
developed metaheuristic optimization method, Bonobo Optimizer (BO)
is adopted to seek optimal parameters in the peak shape
function. Multivariate analysis (MVA) techniques are used to find
hidden information in the shape model. Pearson's correlation tells
the mutual variation relationship among parameters, while
Multidimensional scaling (MDS) shows similarities of parameters
through a 2D plot. Effects of parameters upon the regression
accuracy are obtained via the Student t-test. Self-organizing
Mapping (SOM) is utilized to mine intrinsic relations among these
parameters through visual images. AM243-1 test alpha spectra example
is selected to examine the proposed methodology. The improved model
is more accurate when handling the high-energy tailing
features. Compared with traditional gradient-based optimization
algorithms, BO can find global solutions without tedious work in
initial solution setting and constraint handling. More information
is mined through MVA and further understanding of the peak shape
function is obtained.
Controlling a bio-inspired miniature blimp using a depth sensing neural-network camera
Authors: Pham Huy Q , Singh Shreyansh , Garratt Matthew , Ravi Sridhar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Miniature blimps are lighter-than-air vehicles which have become an increasingly common unmanned aerial system research platform due to their extended endurance and collision tolerant design. The UNSW-C bio-inspired miniature blimp consists of a 0.5 m spherical mylar envelope filled with helium. Four fins placed along the equator provide control over the three translatory axes and yaw rotations. A gondola attached to the bottom of the blimp contains all the electronics and flight controller. Here, we focus on using the UNSW-C blimp as a platform to achieve autonomous flight in GPS-denied environments. The majority of unmanned flying systems rely on GPS or multi-camera motion capture systems for position and orientation estimation. However, such systems are expensive, difficult to set up and not compact enough to be deployed in real environments. Instead, we seek to achieve basic flight autonomy for the blimp using a low-priced and portable solution. We make use of a low-cost embedded neural network stereoscopic camera (OAK-D-PoE) for detecting and positioning the blimp while an onboard inertia measurement unit was used for orientation estimation. Flight tests and analysis of trajectories revealed that 3D position hold as well as basic waypoint navigation could be achieved with variance (<0.1 m). This performance was comparable to that when a conventional multi-camera positioning system (VICON) was used for localizing the blimp. Our results highlight the potentially favorable tradeoffs offered by such low-cost positioning systems in extending the operational domain of unmanned flight systems when direct line of sight is available.
Research on high and low temperature rheological properties of TPU/SBR composite modified asphalt
Authors: Chen Jiangcai , Liu Yu , Rong Hongliu , Liang Mingmei , Liu Yusong , Huang Richeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In road engineering, SBS modifier has been widely applied in China to enhance the quality of asphalt pavement. However, without considering the physical and chemical properties of SBS modifier and the asphalt substrate, alternative polymerization methods for asphalt modification that offer better performance and economic benefits have not been explored. In this study, an approach was taken to compound modify the base asphalt by incorporating Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). The high and low temperature rheological properties of the modified asphalt were examined using tests such as Rotational Viscosity (RV) test, Dynamic Shear Rheological test (DSR), Multiple Stress Creep Rheological test (MSCR), and Bending Beam Rheological test (BBR). The modification mechanism of the mixed modified asphalt, combining SBR and TPU, was investigated through fluorescence microscope testing. The RV test revealed that the inclusion of TPU and SBR enhanced the viscosity of the asphalt to a certain extent, affording it favorable workability during construction and improved resistance against high temperature deformation. DSR and MSCR tests demonstrated that the incorporation of TPU significantly bolstered the external load resistance, deformation recovery, rutting resistance, and overall stability of the SBR modified asphalt under high temperature conditions; The BBR test proves that the composite modified asphalt has excellent low temperature crack resistance. The FM tests have shown that TPU are effective in reducing the segregation that may occur in SBR-modified asphalt, thus improving the performance of the composite modified asphalt.
Development and tribological investigation of B4C reinforced AA5082 Aluminum alloy cast composites for automotive applications
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Sharma Neeraj , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Hossain Ismail , Gupta Shaman 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work, AA5082 alloy is used as base alloy to fabricate aluminum composites using fine reinforced particles of boron carbide (B4C). The conventional method of stir casting is employed for the production of composites. The particles are used with varying weight % of 5, 10, 15 and 20 for the composite fabrication. The microstructures of the composites are examined using the Scanning Electron Microscopy and x-ray Diffraction patterns. The hardness of the composites is tested and found to increase from 73 HV in base alloy to 93 HV in the AA5082 composite having B4C proportion of 15%. However, a slight decrease in hardness is also observed at higher wt% of B4C which could be due to agglomeration of particles. Evaluation of yield strength showed an escalation in the strong point with the addition of reinforced particles under the effect of orowan strengthening mechanism. Wear analysis conducted on Tribometer indicates that the escalation of load and sliding distance is proportional to the loss of material in composites whereas, wear declined with the rise of sliding speed. The micrograph examination of the wear tracks reveals the material removal mechanism from the composite as abrasive in nature. Pitting at certain places is also observed.
The spatial scaling of mutualistic network diversity
Authors: Sandor Manette E , Tingley Morgan W , Elphick Chris S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
How species richness scales spatially is a foundational concept of community ecology, but how biotic interactions scale spatially is poorly known. Previous studies have proposed interactions-area relationships (IARs) based on two competing relationships for how the number of interactions scale with the number of species, the ‘link-species scaling law’ and the ‘constant connectance hypothesis.’ The link-species scaling law posits that the number of interactions per species remains constant as the size of the network increases. The constant connectance hypothesis says that the proportion of realized interactions remains constant with network size. While few tests of these IARs exist, evidence for the original interactions-species relationships are mixed. We propose a novel IAR and test it against the two existing IARs. We first present a general theory for how interactions scale spatially and the mathematical relationship between the IAR and the species richness-area curve. We then provide a new mathematical formulation of the IAR, accounting for connectance varying with area. Employing data from three mutualistic networks (i.e. a network which specifies interconnected and mutually-beneficial interactions between two groups of species), we evaluate three competing models of how interactions scale spatially: two previously published IAR models and our proposed IAR. We find the new IAR described by our theory-based equation fits the empirical datasets equally as well as the previously proposed IAR based on the link-species scaling law in one out of three cases and better than the previously-proposed models in two out of three cases. Our novel IAR improves upon previous models and quantifies mutualist interactions across space, which is paramount to understanding biodiversity and preventing its loss.
PNAd-expressing vessels characterize the dermis of CD3+ T-cell-mediated cutaneous diseases
Authors: Budair Fatimah Mohammad , Nomura Takashi , Hirata Masahiro , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
T-cell recruitment to skin tissues is essential for inflammation in different cutaneous diseases; however, the mechanisms by which these T cells access the skin remain unclear. High endothelial venules expressing peripheral node address in (PNAd), an L-selectin ligand, are located in secondary lymphoid organs and are responsible for increasing T-cell influx into the lymphoid tissues. They are also found in non-lymphoid tissues during inflammation. However, their presence in different common inflammatory cutaneous diseases and their correlation with T-cell infiltration remain unclear. Herein, we explored the mechanisms underlying the access of T cells to the skin by investigating the presence of PNAd-expressing vessels in different cutaneous diseases, and its correlation with T cells’ presence. Skin sections of 43 patients with different diseases were subjected to immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining to examine the presence of PNAd-expressing vessels in the dermis. The correlation of the percentage of these vessels in the dermis of these patients with the severity/grade of CD3+ T-cell infiltration was assessed. PNAd-expressing vessels were commonly found in the skin of patients with different inflammatory diseases. A high percentage of these vessels in the dermis was associated with increased severity of CD3+ T-cell infiltration (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, CD3+ T cells were found both around the PNAd-expressing vessels and within the vessel lumen. PNAd-expressing vessels in cutaneous inflammatory diseases, characterized by CD3+ T-cell infiltration, could be a crucial entry point for T cells into the skin. Thus, selective targeting of these vessels could be beneficial in cutaneous inflammatory disease treatment.