bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Still Mythic After All Those Years: On Alston’s Latest Defense of the Given
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was almost fifty years ago, in his modern classic Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (EPM), that Wilfrid Sellars declared the Given a Myth and proposed definitively to exorcise “the entire framework of givenness”. As is typically the case in philosophy, there is no consensus as to whether he succeeded, but, surprisingly, the alleged mythic status of the Given is still being actively disputed. One of the reasons, as it has become almost mandatory to remark, is that, as William Alston puts it, “it is not easy to pin down the target to which Sellars applies that title” (SMG, 69).
The Rhetoric of ‘Empire’ in the Classical Era in China
Authors: Nylan Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Empire exists because it can; it will find justifications for itself when they are needed. This paper focuses on materials drawn from three discrete eras in the ‘classical period’ of China—roughly 323 bc to ad 316—whose reflections upon the closest equivalents to ‘empire’ do not precisely correspond to one another, let alone to the imperium under Rome. Works of the late third and early second century, anticipating the benefits of unified rule in the Central States (Zhongguo)—standardization and coordination of vast public systems and enforcement of a lasting peace—seek mainly to strengthen the arguments for unitary rule under a wise leader whom the people regard as ‘father and mother’. Works composed c.100 bc, a century after unification by Qin in 221 bc, take for granted the superiority of unified rule over all rival forms of government, even as they describe the catastrophic consequences of rulers’ despotic acts on an ever-grander scale. By contrast, the classicizing constructs from the closing decades of Western Han and the opening decades of Eastern Han (ad 25–220) focus on suprahuman precedents and ‘proofs’ for the legitimacy of the Han ruling house as serious questions are asked in the court and in the outlying provinces about the benefits of unified rule.
Introduction
Authors: Fordham Finn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Finnegans Wake has been described and describes itself in many ways. Since it fell easily into making lists, here is an easily extendable reel of descriptions. It is a sleep-story; the dreamlike saga of guilt-stained, evolving humanity; a protracted nightmare; a mighty allegory of the fall and resurrection of mankind; a gigantic epiphany of mankind; an ark to contain all human myths and types; a chaosmos of Alle; a polyhedron of scripture; a meanderthalltale; this non-day diary, this all night’s newseryreel; one of the boldest books ever written; one of the most entertaining books ever written; one of the greatest works of twentieth-century architecture; nothing short of divine vision or a new cure for the clapp can be worth all [its] circumambient peripherization; enormous, mad, unreadable; a cold pudding of a book; a Wholesale Safety Pun factory; a dull mass of phony folklore; a divertissement philologique; literatured with once current puns, quashed quotatoes, messes of mottage; an Irish word ballet; like a little Negro dance; music; a collideorscape; a macroscope;
Cognitive adaptations of social bonding in birds
Authors: Emery Nathan J , Seed Amanda M , Bayern Auguste M P von , Clayton Nicola S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ‘social intelligence hypothesis’ was originally conceived to explain how primates may have evolved their superior intellect and large brains when compared with other animals. Although some birds such as corvids may be intellectually comparable to apes, the same relationship between sociality and brain size seen in primates has not been found for birds, possibly suggesting a role for other non-social factors. But bird sociality is different from primate sociality. Most monkeys and apes form stable groups, whereas most birds are monogamous, and only form large flocks outside of the breeding season. Some birds form lifelong pair bonds and these species tend to have the largest brains relative to body size.
Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist
Authors: Clayton Nicola S , Dally Joanna M , Emery Nathan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Food-caching corvids hide food, but such caches are susceptible to pilfering by other individuals. Consequently, the birds use several counter strategies to protect their caches from theft, e.g. hiding most of them out of sight. When observed by potential pilferers at the time of caching, experienced jays that have been thieves themselves, take further protective action. Once the potential pilferers have left, they move caches those birds have seen, re-hiding them in new places. Naive birds that had no thieving experience do not do so. By focusing on the counter strategies of the cacher when previously observed by a potential pilferer, these results raise the intriguing possibility that re-caching is based on a form of mental attribution, namely the simulation of another bird’s view-point.
Social intelligence in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)
Authors: Holekamp Kay E , Sakai Sharleen T , Lundrigan Barbara L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the large brains and great intelligence characteristic of primates were favoured by selection pressures associated with life in complex societies, then cognitive abilities and nervous systems with primate-like attributes should have evolved convergently in non-primate mammals living in large, elaborate societies in which social dexterity enhances individual fitness. The societies of spotted hyenas are remarkably like those of cercopithecine primates with respect to size, structure and patterns of competition and cooperation. These similarities set an ideal stage for comparative analysis of social intelligence and nervous system organization. As in cercopithecine primates, spotted hyenas use multiple sensory modalities to recognize their kin and other conspecifics as individuals, they recognize third-party kin and rank relationships among their clan mates, and they use this knowledge adaptively during social decision making.
The adaptive value of sociality in mammalian groups
Authors: Silk Joan B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to behavioural ecology theory, sociality evolves when the net benefits of close association with conspecifics exceed the costs. The nature and relative magnitude of the benefits and costs of sociality are expected to vary across species and habitats. When sociality is favoured, animals may form groups that range from small pair-bonded units to huge aggregations. The size and composition of social groups have diverse effects on morphology and behaviour, ranging from the extent of sexual dimorphism to brain size, and the structure of social relationships. This general argument implies that sociality has fitness consequences for individuals. However, for most mammalian species, especially long-lived animals like primates, there are sizable gaps in the chain of evidence that links sociality and social bonds to fitness outcomes.
Culture in great apes: using intricate complexity in feeding skills to trace the evolutionary origin of human technical prowess
Authors: Byrne Richard W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geographical cataloguing of traits, as used in human ethnography, has led to the description of ‘culture’ in some non-human great apes. Culture, in these terms, is detected as a pattern of local ignorance resulting from environmental constraints on knowledge transmission. However, in many cases, the geographical variations may alternatively be explained by ecology. Social transmission of information can reliably be identified in many other animal species, by experiment or distinctive patterns in distribution; but the excitement of detecting culture in great apes derives from the possibility of understanding the evolution of cumulative technological culture in humans. Given this interest, I argue that great ape research should concentrate on technically complex behaviour patterns that are ubiquitous within a local population; in these cases, a wholly non-social ontogeny is highly unlikely.
Getting back to the rough ground: deception and ‘social living’
Authors: Reddy Vasudevi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the heart of the social intelligence hypothesis is the central role of ‘social living’. But living is messy and psychologists generally seek to avoid this mess in the interests of getting clean data and cleaner logical explanations. The study of deception as intelligent action is a good example of the dangers of such avoidance. We still do not have a full picture of the development of deceptive actions in human infants and toddlers or an explanation of why it emerges. This paper applies Byrne & Whiten’s functional taxonomy of tactical deception to the social behaviour of human infants and toddlers using data from three previous studies. The data include a variety of acts, such as teasing, pretending, distracting and concealing, which are not typically considered in relation to human deception. This functional analysis shows the onset of non-verbal deceptive acts to be surprisingly early.
Cooperation and human cognition: the Vygotskian intelligence hypothesis
Authors: Moll Henrike , Tomasello Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nicholas Humphrey’s social intelligence hypothesis proposed that the major engine of primate cognitive evolution was social competition. Lev Vygotsky also emphasized the social dimension of intelligence, but he focused on human primates and cultural things such as collaboration, communication and teaching. A reasonable proposal is that primate cognition in general was driven mainly by social competition, but beyond that the unique aspects of human cognition were driven by, or even constituted by, social cooperation. In the present paper, we provide evidence for this Vygotskian intelligence hypothesis by comparing the social-cognitive skills of great apes with those of young human children in several domains of activity involving cooperation and communication with others. We argue, finally, that regular participation in cooperative, cultural interactions during ontogeny leads children to construct uniquely powerful forms of perspectival cognitive representation.
Understanding primate brain evolution
Authors: Dunbar R I M , Shultz Susanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a detailed reanalysis of the comparative brain data for primates, and develop a model using path analysis that seeks to present the coevolution of primate brain (neocortex) and sociality within a broader ecological and life-history framework. We show that body size, basal metabolic rate and life history act as constraints on brain evolution and through this influence the coevolution of neocortex size and group size. However, they do not determine either of these variables, which appear to be locked in a tight coevolutionary system. We show that, within primates, this relationship is specific to the neocortex. Nonetheless, there are important constraints on brain evolution; we use path analysis to show that, in order to evolve a large neocortex, a species must first evolve a large brain to support that neocortex and this in turn requires adjustments in diet (to provide the energy needed) and life history (to allow sufficient time both for brain growth and for ‘software’ programming).
The society of selves
Authors: Humphrey Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human beings are not only the most sociable animals on Earth, but also the only animals that have to ponder the separateness that comes with having a conscious self. The philosophical problem of ‘other minds’ nags away at people’s sense of who—and why—they are. But the privacy of consciousness has an evolutionary history—and maybe even an evolutionary function. While recognizing the importance to humans of mind-reading and psychic transparency, we should consider the consequences and possible benefits of being—ultimately—psychically opaque.
Esther’s Revenge at Susa
Authors: Dalley Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why are the names of the chief characters in the biblical Book of Esther those of Mesopotamian deities? Stephanie Dalley argues that the narrative reflects real happenings in seventh-century Assyria, where the widespread belief that revenge belongs to the gods explains why Assyrian kings described punitive campaigns as divine acts, leading to the mythologizing of certain historical events. Ashurbanipal’s sack of Susa, led by the deities Ishtar and Marduk, underlies the Hebrew story of Esther, and that story contains traces of the cultic calendar of Ishtar-of-Nineveh. Dalley traces the way in which the long-term settlement of ‘lost tribes ’ in Assyria, revealed by the fruits of excavation in Iraq and Syria, inspired a blend of pagan and Jewish traditions.
Emendation and Modernization
Authors: Jowett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though it has been subject to few recent studies, textual emendation is common to critical editions of all kinds of text, and indeed can scarcely be avoided in any practice that aims to go further than reproduce a source text exactly as it stands. According to Greg’s formulation, in one of the few discussions that attempt to rise above the particulars of individual readings, ‘criticism must always proceed in relation to what we know, or what we surmise, respecting the history of the text’. In other words, it will proceed by taking into account what is known in classical and biblical textual criticism as recensio or recension, the analysis of texts to establish how they relate to each other. Identification of error and proposals to emendation cannot, then, be based on critical judgement alone. Editing brings together a form of criticism and a form of more empirical scholarship. How one applies the correlation of criticism and textual study has always been subject to contention and debate, as is the breadth of scope that emendation can legitimately claim for itself, and as too is the weight of Greg’s phrase ‘what we surmise’.
War and regicide, 1648–1649
Authors: Morrill John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Between 11 November 1647 and 3 May 1648 Cromwell can be glimpsed sometimes in London, sometimes at army headquarters. There are extant only fragmentary parliamentary diaries from this time, but one of them offers a single glimpse of Cromwell’s unfolding views. Speaking in the Commons on 3 January 1648 (according to a much- repeated royalist canard rattling his sword in its scabbard as he spoke) he passionately demanded a suspension of all ‘addresses’ to the king for the foreseeable future. He asserted that they ‘shalt not suffer a hypocrite to reign’ and that they ‘should not any longer expect safety and government from an obstinate man whose heart God had hardened’.
Ordering three kingdoms, 1649–1651
Authors: Morrill John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the next four years Cromwell combined the demanding business of war with the demanding business of sustaining a fragile political system and of seeking to develop viable long-term political and institutional forms. He was away from London, campaigning in Ireland and in Scotland, from July 1649 to mid-September 1651. But he kept in close touch with events there during his absences, and after 12 September 1651 he never left the environs of the capital (except for two brief excursions into Kent in May 1652) for the rest of his life, moving first to the Cockpit and then, early in 1654, into the royal palaces at Whitehall and Hampton Court.
The pursuit of stability, 1651–1653
Authors: Morrill John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the moment of Cromwell’s return in triumph from Worcester he and his close colleagues in the army sought to galvanize the Rump. He had four objectives. First, he sought to persuade members of the Rump to set a time to dissolve itself and to hold new elections. Second, he sought to achieve a greater acquiescence from the large number of former royalists by a broad and generous amnesty. Third (and this was a change of heart), he supported the settlement that united the three former kingdoms into a single polity.
Posthumous reputation
Authors: Morrill John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cromwell’s reputation has ebbed and flowed. Since the death of the generation that knew him as their head of state more than 160 full-length biographies have appeared, and more than 1000 separate publications bear his name. In 1929 Wilbur Cortez Abbott, limbering up to produce his four-volume, 3400-page, 2-million-word edition and com- mentary, The Writings and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, produced a bibliography of 3520 pamphlets, books, and essays in which Cromwell makes a prominent appearance. An updated list would probably be in excess of 6000 items. There was a crescendo of interest in the later nineteenth century, triggered by the appearance of Thomas Carlyle’s edition of Cromwell’s letters and speeches in December 1845.
The realm reshaped
Authors: Ives Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Henry VIII owed the successful assertion of his royal supremacy to the political skills of Thomas Cromwell. It is, however, more diﬃcult to separate king and minister in the secular affairs of the 1530s. One of the most important developments concerned parliament. In the first place it was called more frequently. From 1509 to 1531 there were eleven sessions; from 1532 to 1540 there were ten. More than that, the legislation after 1532 asserted the novel competence of statute to enforce the religious authority of the supreme head of the church and the ability of parliament to override property rights, most notably in the dissolution of the monasteries.
Trust From The Barrel Of A Gun
Authors: Kohn Marek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An animal will often pursue its interests, as Richard Dawkins and John Krebs note in their text ‘Animal Signals: Information or Manipulation?’, by manipulating objects in its environment. If the object is inanimate, the animal must apply physical force to make it move. If it is animate, the animal may be able to induce it to make the desired movements itself, by sending it signals. This form of manipulation is called communication.
Locating Privacy in Tudor London
Authors: Orlin Lena Cowen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Locating Privacy in Tudor London asks new questions about where private life was lived in the early modern period, about where evidence of it has been preserved, and about how progressive and coherent its history can be said to have been. The Renaissance and the Reformation are generally taken to have produced significant advances in individuality, subjectivity, and interiority, especially among the elite, but this study of middling-sort culture shows privacy to have been an object of suspicion, of competing priorities, and of compulsory betrayals. The institutional archives of civic governance, livery companies, parish churches, and ecclesiastical courts reveal the degree to which society organized itself around principles of preventing privacy, as a condition of order. Also represented in the discussion are such material artefacts as domestic buildings and household furnishings, which were routinely experienced as collective and monitory agents rather than spheres of exclusivity and self-expression. In ‘everyday’ life, it is argued, economic motivations were of more urgent concern than the political paradigms that have usually informed our understanding of the Renaissance. Locating Privacy pursues the case study of Alice Barnham (1523-1604), a previously unknown merchant-class woman, subject of one of the earliest family group paintings from England. Her story is touched by many of the changes-in social structure, religion, the built environment, the spread of literacy, and the history of privacy-that define the sixteenth century. The book is of interest to literary, social, cultural, and architectural historians, to historians of the Reformation and of London, and to historians of gender and women’s studies.
Introduction: Doors
Authors: Orlin Lena Cowen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like all historical projects, this is an attempt to reopen a door that time has closed. Some of the simplest of things, things so long held trivial that only in the last few decades have they come to the scholarly forefront, are those that seem most securely locked away from us. These are quotidian matters of work and leisure, production and consumption, community and controversy, horizons and boundaries. How can we recover the manner in which the peoples of the past apprehended not only epochal moments but also their ongoing daily existences? Is it possible for us to register some of the many differences occasioned by their ages and genders, stations and locations, backgrounds and aspirations, beliefs and personalities? What can we know of the ways in which they related to their built environments and personal possessions, when they felt comfort and where they exercised control? Do there remain points of access to the events they would have kept hidden from their contemporaries and which history has so far worked to conceal from us, too? Every question I want to ask has to do with how those long gone lived their private lives.
Mathematics Emerging
Authors: Stedall Jacqueline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aimed at students and researchers in Mathematics, History of Mathematics and Science, this book examines the development of mathematics from the late 16th Century to the end of the 19th Century. Mathematics has an amazingly long and rich history, it has been practised in every society and culture, with written records reaching back in some cases as far as four thousand years. This book will focus on just a small part of the story, in a sense the most recent chapter of it: the mathematics of western Europe from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Each chapter will focus on a particular topic and outline its history with the provision of facsimiles of primary source material along with explanatory notes and modern interpretations. Almost every source is given in its original form, not just in the language in which it was first written, but as far as practicable in the layout and typeface in which it was read by contemporaries.This book is designed to provide mathematics undergraduates with some historical background to the material that is now taught universally to students in their final years at school and the first years at college or university: the core subjects of calculus, analysis, and abstract algebra, along with others such as mechanics, probability, and number theory. All of these evolved into their present form in a relatively limited area of western Europe from the mid sixteenth century onwards, and it is there that we find the major writings that relate in a recognizable way to contemporary mathematics.
The Calculus Of Newton And Of Leibniz
Authors: Stedall Jacqueline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have seen in Chapter 3that many of the methods and ideas that were eventually absorbed into the differential and integral calculus were already emerging from the late 1620s onwards. Only with the work of Newton in the 1660s and Leibniz in the 1670s, however, did the pieces come together in a recognizable whole. Both Newton and Leibniz, working independently and from different starting points, discovered systematic rules for finding tangents and areas, and both observed what on the face of it is quite unexpected: that the two kinds of problem are intimately related. Differentiation and integration turn out to be inverse processes. This discovery is now known as the Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus, but in the seventeenth century it was not yet a theorem.