bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation in Australian drug treatment programs for individuals engaging in high‐risk substance use: Data from a nationally representative sample
Authors: Leung Janni , Yimer Tesfa Mekonen , Chiu Vivian , Hall Wayne D. , Connor Jason P. , Chan Gary Chung Kai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionSubstance use, including drugs, alcohol and smoking have a significant health, social and economic impact. We aim to assess the rate and factors associated with treatment access among individuals with high‐risk substance use.MethodThis study is a cross‐sectional analysis of the 2019 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey (N = 22,015). Participants were persons with high‐risk substance use based on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test—Lite (ASSIST‐Lite) and current smokers. We measured self‐reports of past 12‐month engagement in a tobacco, alcohol or other drugs treatment program.ResultsOverall, 0.4% had high‐risk drug use (0.3% cannabis, 0.1% meth/amphetamine or 0.1% opioids), 7.4% had high‐risk alcohol use, and 14.0% currently smoked. Among high‐risk users, past 12‐month treatment access rates were 50.6% [22.3–78.9%] for opioids, 27.1% [8.1–46.1%] for meth/amphetamine, 14.5% [4.3–24.7%] for cannabis, 9.6% [8.1–11.0%] for alcohol and 11.7% [10.6–12.9%] for current smoking. The primary source of treatment support was information and education (12.7% drugs, 4.6% alcohol, 4.0% smoking), followed by counselling (6.7% drugs, 4.5% alcohol, 3.0% smoking). Online or internet support was accessed by 5.9% (drug) and 1.6% (alcohol) people with high‐risk use. Psychological distress was associated with treatment access (drugs: odds ratio 3.03 [0.77–11.95], p = 0.111; alcohol: odds ratio 3.16 [2.20–4.56], p ≤ 0.001; smoking: odds ratio 1.95 [1.52–2.49], p ≤ 0.001).Discussion and ConclusionsThe proportion of people engaging in risky substance use who had used treatment programs remains low, especially for alcohol. Public health strategies to scale up treatment access are warranted.
The resilience of systems‐thinking approaches when faced with an evolving crisis: The case of Mumbai
Authors: Sonne Vyas Lina , Duvendack Maren 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMotivationIndia has seen severe economic and social impacts from COVID‐19, with the most vulnerable people having suffered most. Mumbai's response has been multi‐faceted, drawing on numerous actors such as local and state government, but also businesses and citizens. Disaster management is increasingly necessary and Mumbai's policy response during wave two of COVID‐19 provides relevant lessons.PurposeWe explain Mumbai's policy response to wave two of COVID‐19, termed the Mumbai model, applying a systems‐thinking approach.Methods and approachWe adopt a systems‐thinking approach, applying a framework developed in Duvendack and Sonne (2021) to analyse a case study based on secondary data and information on the policy response to COVID‐19 in Mumbai.FindingsThe Mumbai model emerged as a pragmatic policy response. Key actors changed between waves one and two, from a broad set of actors to a narrower set focused on the unfolding healthcare crisis. This resulted in a reconfiguration of networks and partnerships. Decentralized decision‐making further changed the structure of the networks to a hub‐and‐spoke model. Communication and feedback loops shifted from primarily top‐down to two‐way information flows to support decision‐making and resource allocation driven by data. This was enabled by clear leadership and political support.Policy implicationsTo tackle a crisis of this magnitude, having diverse actors collaborating effectively through networks that enable knowledge and information flows is crucial. Governments can use the systems approach for crisis management in large cities which require swift action and efficient flow of information to assess a situation and to prioritize response efforts. Further research is required to better understand how governments can build capacity and policy structures to enable systemic approaches to crisis management in varied contexts.
Comparison of bleeding and thrombotic outcomes in veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Heparin versus bivalirudin
Authors: Kartika Thomas , Mathews Rick , Migneco Gina , Bundy Taylor , Kaempf Andy J. , Pfeffer Michael , DeLoughery Thomas G. , Moore Kerry , Beardshear Rachel , Oetken Heath J. , Case Jonathan , Hinds Monica T. , McCarty Owen J. T. , Shatzel Joseph J. , Zonies David , Zakhary Bishoy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications with heparin versus bivalirudin use in veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients placed on V‐V ECMO with intravenous anticoagulation with either heparin or bivalirudin. Time to thrombotic event and major bleed were analyzed in addition to related outcomes.ResultsWe identified 95 patients placed on V‐V ECMO: 61 receiving heparin, 34 bivalirudin. The bivalirudin group had a higher rate of severe COVID‐19, higher BMI, and longer ECMO duration. Despite this, bivalirudin was associated with reduced risk of thrombotic event (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.06–0.32, p < .001) and increased average lifespan of the circuit membrane lung (16 vs. 10 days, p = 0.004). While there was no difference in major bleeding, the bivalirudin group required fewer transfusions of packed red blood cells and platelets per 100 ECMO days (means of 13 vs. 39, p = 0.004; 5 vs. 19, p = .014, respectively). Lastly, the bivalirudin group had improved survival to ECMO decannulation in univariate analysis (median OS 53 vs. 26 days, p = .015).ConclusionsIn this real‐world analysis of bivalirudin versus heparin, bivalirudin is a viable option for V‐V ECMO and associated with lower risk of thrombotic complications and fewer transfusion requirements.
Artificial intelligence and radical uncertainty
Authors: Weiser Ann‐Kristin , von Krogh Georg 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) offers new possibilities to augment human decision‐making under radical uncertainty. This viewpoint commentary explores how AI can relax limits of bounded rationality. It offers a framework for analyzing how AI can support human decision‐makers confronted with deep uncertainty by bolstering key decision‐making sub‐processes. Specifically, AI can help set agendas by scanning environments, formulate problems by providing contextual insights, identify creative alternatives through combinatorial abilities, select options by modelling scenarios and enable rapid experimentation cycles. Connecting the role of AI with the contributions in this special issue, this viewpoint commentary concludes by outlining directions for future research regarding the function of AI and augmented human intelligence in decision‐making under conditions of radical uncertainty.
The differential effect of environmental jolts and information sources on dynamic capabilities
Authors: Markovich Amiram , Raban Daphne R. , Efrat Kalanit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChallenges in the business environment are typically categorized as threats or opportunities. Firms develop dynamic capabilities to cope with these challenges and improve strategic fit. However, evidence of a causal relationship between unpredictable environmental challenges (jolts) and dynamic capabilities is inconclusive. This study explores how information about positive (opportunity) and negative (threat) jolts communicated via two information sources affects dynamic capabilities. A 2 × 2 experiment was conducted among 131 managers. The findings indicate that human‐based information sources dominate web‐based information sources, particularly when the information reveals potential threats. The use of human information sources is associated with stronger dynamic capabilities than reliance on web information sources. Moreover, the findings confirm that the manifestation of dynamic capabilities differs between opportunities and threats.
Network intrusion detection system by learning jointly from tabular and text‐based features
Authors: Düzgün Berkant , Çayır Aykut , Ünal Uğur , Dağ Hasan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNetwork intrusion detection systems (NIDS) play a critical role in maintaining the security and integrity of computer networks. These systems are designed to detect and respond to anomalous activities that may indicate malicious intent or unauthorized access. The need for robust NIDS solutions has never been more pressing in today's digital landscape, characterized by constantly evolving cyber threats. Deploying effective NIDS can be challenging, particularly in accurately identifying network anomalies amid the ever‐increasing sophisticated and difficult‐to‐detect cyber threats. The motivation for our research stems from the recognition that while NIDS studies have made significant strides, there remains a crucial need for more effective and accurate methods to detect network anomalies. Commonly used features in NIDS studies include network logs, with some studies exploring text‐based features such as payload. However, traditional machine and deep learning models may need to be improved in learning jointly from tabular and text‐based features. Here, we present a new approach that integrates both tabular and text‐based features to improve the performance of NIDS. Our research aims to address the existing limitations of NIDS and contribute to the development of more reliable and efficient network security solutions by introducing more effective and accurate methods for detecting network anomalies. Our internal experiments have revealed that the deep learning approach utilizing tabular features produces favourable results, whereas the pre‐trained transformer approach needs to perform sufficiently. Hence, our proposed approach, which integrates both feature types using deep learning and pre‐trained transformer approaches, achieves superior performance. These findings indicate that integrating both feature types using deep learning and pre‐trained transformer approaches can significantly improve the accuracy of network anomaly detection. Moreover, our proposed approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of accuracy, F1‐score, and recall on commonly used NIDS datasets consisting of ISCX‐IDS2012, UNSW‐NB15, and CIC‐IDS2017, with F1‐scores of 99.80%, 92.37%, and 99.69%, respectively, indicating its effectiveness in detecting network anomalies.
ACTS OF THOUGHT AND RE‐ENACTMENT IN COLLINGWOOD'S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
Authors: ROBSON MARK IAN THOMAS 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThis article explores one of Collingwood's most puzzling claims—that, in re‐enacting a past act of thought, I can revive not just the propositional content of that act but also the very act of thought itself. This aspect of Collingwood's ideas has been largely ignored, and, when not ignored, it has been almost universally rejected. After all, we might ask, how can it be that two acts of thought—one, say, had by Carol in the library on Wednesday and another act of thought had by Harold in his study on Thursday—are literally identical? I explore this baffling claim and, in particular, Collingwood's argument that acts of thought can have the identity of a continuant. I try to show how the idea of the identity of the continuant might be used to remove some of the puzzlement in Collingwood's claim about literal identity between acts of thought; I thus show how Harold, on Thursday, might be able to experience the exact same act of thought that Carol had on Wednesday.
Comparative characterisation of structural, physicochemical and digestive properties of rice starches isolated from novel high‐amylose mutants
Authors: Sasaki Tomoko , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2023

SummaryNovel high‐amylose rice mutants with unique starch properties were developed from a low‐amylose rice variety. The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of apparent amylose content and amylopectin structure on the physical and nutritional properties of rice starch by comparing novel mutants with conventional rice varieties. The rice mutants demonstrated a specific amylopectin characteristic, indicating an extremely lower portion of short chains (15.2%–16.5%) than the other rice varieties (27.3%–31.1%). The starch gel prepared from the rice mutant exhibited significantly higher compressive and breaking stress than the other high‐amylose rice variety with a higher apparent amylose content, indicating that amylopectin characteristics markedly influenced the starch gel structure. The rice mutant demonstrated the highest content of undigested starch after 120 min of digestion in raw starch (50.5%) and starch gel (53.0%). The starch from newly developed rice mutants were found to have markedly high resistance to digestion due to its amylopectin structure and formation of harder gel.
Microaggression or micromessage? How choice of term influences working adults' emotional reactions to a training module about subtle slights
Authors: Smith Iain A. , Griffiths Amanda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe need for workplace training about diversity, equity and inclusion is widely acknowledged. To date, however, there is conflicting evidence as to its effectiveness. Various aspects of design and content may be influential. This study explored the relationship between the terminology used in diversity training and trainee reactions. It employed two versions of a short e‐learning module about subtle slights (a range of ambiguous and negative interactions) to explore whether using the term ‘microaggression’ or ‘micromessage’ affected trainee emotional reactions to the module. The sample comprised 630 working adults in the United Kingdom representing different ethnic, gender and age groups. Results suggested that there were differences in trainee emotional reactions to the term used. The term ‘micromessage’ resulted in more positive reactions; significantly more trainees expressed interest, and significantly fewer reported sadness and anger than when the term ‘microaggression’ was used. There were also some small differences in reactions between the various demographic groups. This study adds to the literature exploring the terminology used to refer to subtle slights and how terminology might influence trainee reactions in diversity training. It also provides researchers and training providers with a methodology to assess aspects of diversity training before deployment.
Efficacy of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor and mitomycin C on wound healing after trabeculectomy in glaucoma patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Wenlong , Liu Bang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTrabeculectomy is the main surgical treatment for glaucoma, but scar formation during wound healing may lead to surgical failure. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) and mitomycin C (MMC) on wound healing after glaucoma surgery. We have been looking for Pubmed, Embase and other databases. The last time we looked at an electronic database was August 2023. A case control study was conducted to compare the use of anti‐VEGF and mitomycin C for the treatment of glaucoma. We used the Cochrane standard methodology for collecting and analysing the data. Based on the criteria of inclusion, we have determined 369 related papers and selected seven eligible trials for data analysis. Three hundred and twenty‐six cases were treated with trabeculectomy, of which 166 were injected with anti‐VEGF and 160 were given MMC for trabeculectomy. In six trials, anti‐VEGF and MMC were not found to have any statistical significance on postoperative wound leakage after surgery (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.71, 3.35 p = 0.27). The three trials showed that anti‐VEGF and MMC did not differ in terms of reducing postoperative wound hypotony after surgery (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.20, 3.11 p = 0.73). Five trials demonstrated that anti‐VEGF and MMC were not associated with a lower incidence of shallow anterior chamber (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.5, 2.76 p = 0.71). There is no significant difference in the effect of anti‐VEGF and MMC on wound healing after glaucoma surgery. A multicentre randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this study.
GeO2 crystals embedded germanium phosphate glass with high electrochemical properties as an anode for lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Li Xinlong , Shang Chen , Wei Ran , Liu Xiaoqing , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Junjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe continuous development of portable devices and new energy vehicles has led to an increasing demand for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), and anode materials, as a key part of LIBs, are being explored. Germanium‐based anode materials are considered to have good potential for application because of their high theoretical capacity. In this work, a germanium phosphate glass precipitating GeO2 microcrystal was designed and used in LIBs as anode materials for the study. The presence of GeO2 crystals increases the specific surface area and also provides more reaction sites for lithiation reaction, resulting in the capacity of the glass anode. The discharge specific capacity of the germanium‐phosphorus glass anode was as high as 740.9 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1. Interestingly, the synergistic effect between the glass matrix and the crystals not only increases the cycling capacity but also enhances the cycling stability of the structure.
Institutional Quality and Geography of Discontent in the EU
Authors: Karahasan Burhan Can , Pinar Mehmet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere has been a significant rise in anti‐establishment votes in the European Union (EU). The decline in socio‐economic outcomes and migration played an important role in understanding the rising discontent. However, none of the existing studies analysed the effect of socio‐economic factors in different institutional settings. Our findings confirm that institutional quality is of paramount importance in explaining the recent rise in populism in the EU, as institutionally developed EU regions are less opposed to EU integration. Remarkably, the effects of socio‐economic factors on populist votes vary in different institutional settings. The findings highlight that institutional improvements are vital for the EU perception of less developed and socio‐economically isolated EU regions.
Constraints on provisioning at public versus private community banks
Authors: Balla Eliana , Rose Morgan J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe compare the responses of publicly held versus privately held community banks to the June 2016 issuance of the current expected credit loss (CECL) standard, which altered the way US banks provision for loan losses. We find that following issuance but before implementation, the relation between earnings and provisions strengthened among privately held banks but not among publicly held banks. This is consistent with US Securities and Exchange Commission regulation and market monitoring placing greater constraints on publicly held banks relative to privately held banks, preventing publicly held banks from moving toward the CECL standard early.
Rehydration characteristics of dried icefish (Salangidae) with different drying methods by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Ouyang Wenqing , Lu Bing , Lu Shuilong , Feng Shengbao , Lu Jing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIcefish (Salangidae) is a valuable aquatic product that is often dried for preservation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the rehydration quality of icefish. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) was used to compare the rehydration rate, moisture migration and distribution of icefish dried by cold air (8, 10, 12°C) and hot air (40, 50, 60°C) The muscle fibers structure of dried icefish and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of icefish after rehydration were examined. The results showed that cold air drying resulted in higher values of these parameters than hot air drying. MRI analysis revealed that cold air dried icefish retained more water after rehydration than hot air dried icefish. The T2 transverse relaxation spectra of rehydrated icefish exhibited three peaks corresponding to bound water, immobilized water and free water. The proportion of immobilized water increased significantly and accounted for more than 92% after rehydration, while the proportion of free water was around 2%–3%. Cold air drying preserved the muscle fiber structure and protein network better than hot air drying, which improved the rehydration quality of icefish. The study provides theoretical and data support for using cold air drying technology in aquatic product processing.Practical applicationsThe focus of this study is to compare the effect of different drying methods on the rehydration rate of icefish. The results indicate that part of the bound water migrated to the immobilized water during the initial stage of rehydration, which increased the content of immobilized water and reduced the binding force of some bound water. The T2 value shifts to the right in all groups, indicating that the binding force between biological macromolecules (such as myofibrillar protein) and icefish water was weakened. Different drying methods have a significant impact on changes in the internal water status of rehydrated icefish samples. Our results suggest that cold air drying is a better method for drying icefish compared to hot air drying, as it improves its rehydration quality. The findings of this study can be useful for food industry personnel who are involved in fish processing, preservation, and nutrition.
Low temperature‐mediated repression and far‐red light‐mediated induction determine morning FLOWERING LOCUS T expression levels
Authors: Kim Hayeon , Kang Hye Won , Hwang Dae Yeon , Lee Nayoung , Kubota Akane , Imaizumi Takato , Song Young Hun 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIn order to flower in the appropriate season, plants monitor light and temperature changes and alter downstream pathways that regulate florigen genes such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). In Arabidopsis, FT messenger RNA levels peak in the morning and evening under natural long‐day conditions (LDs). However, the regulatory mechanisms governing morning FT induction remain poorly understood. The morning FT peak is absent in typical laboratory LDs characterized by high red:far‐red light (R:FR) ratios and constant temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that ZEITLUPE (ZTL) interacts with the FT repressors TARGET OF EATs (TOEs), thereby repressing morning FT expression in natural environments. Under LDs with simulated sunlight (R:FR = 1.0) and daily temperature cycles, which are natural LD‐mimicking environmental conditions, FT transcript levels in the ztl mutant were high specifically in the morning, a pattern that was mirrored in the toe1 toe2 double mutant. Low night‐to‐morning temperatures increased the inhibitory effect of ZTL on morning FT expression by increasing ZTL protein levels early in the morning. Far‐red light counteracted ZTL activity by decreasing its abundance (possibly via phytochrome A (phyA)) while increasing GIGANTEA (GI) levels and negatively affecting the formation of the ZTL–GI complex in the morning. Therefore, the phyA‐mediated high‐irradiance response and GI play pivotal roles in morning FT induction. Our findings suggest that the delicate balance between low temperature‐mediated ZTL activity and the far‐red light‐mediated functions of phyA and GI offers plants flexibility in fine‐tuning their flowering time by controlling FT expression in the morning.