bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelin-1 levels predict 3-year survival in patients who have amputation for critical leg ischaemia
Authors: Newton D J , Khan F , McLaren M , Kennedy G , Belch J J F 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Most patients with critical leg ischaemia (CLI) have co-existing coronary heart disease, which is the main cause of their increased mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any markers of endothelial function could predict death in these patients.

Methods
In a cohort of 39 patients with CLI who were scheduled for lower-limb amputation, blood levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, homocysteine, endothelin (ET) 1, von Willebrand factor and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were measured, as well as forearm vascular responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine.

Results
Levels of ET-1 were significantly higher in patients who subsequently died within 3 years than in those who were still alive (P = 0·002) and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that ET-1 was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality : hazard ratio 3·53 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·29 to 9·70; P = 0·007) and cardiovascular mortality : hazard ratio 4·15 (95 per cent c.i. 1·30 to 13·23); P = 0·014.

Conclusion
ET-1 was an independent predictor of death in these patients with CLI.
Selective use of ultrasonographic vascular mapping in the assessment of patients before haemodialysis access surgery
Authors: Wells A C , Fernando B , Butler A , Huguet E , Bradley J A , Pettigrew G J 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Use of routine preoperative ultrasonography to determine the optimum site for haemodialysis access surgery increases the number of distal arteriovenous fistulas formed and improves overall patency rates. Nevertheless its use in all patients is time consuming and costly. This study examined whether clinical parameters could be used to determine the requirement for preoperative ultrasonography.

Methods
Between March 2002 and October 2003, 145 consecutive patients were reviewed in the vascular access clinic. Patients were first assessed clinically, a site for vascular access surgery was proposed, and the need for radiological mapping studies recorded. A second, blinded, clinician determined the site for vascular access surgery using ultrasonography. The correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic findings was then examined.

Results
Ultrasonography was considered unnecessary using clinical criteria in 106 patients. Subsequent ultrasonographic mapping altered the management of only one patient. In contrast, the management of 18 of the 39 patients in whom ultrasonography was thought necessary was influenced by radiological imaging. A 1-year primary patency rate of 77·0 per cent was achieved following vascular access surgery on the study population.

Conclusion
Clinical parameters could be used to determine the need for preoperative vascular ultrasonographic mapping; imaging was not required in the majority of patients.
Experimental cooling-induced preconditioning attenuates skin flap failure
Authors: Kubulus D , Amon M , Roesken F , Rücker M , Bauer I , Menger M D 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Microvascular perfusion failure is a leading cause of tissue necrosis in reconstructive surgery. In the present experimental study the effect of local hypothermia was investigated as a possible preconditioning procedure that could induce stress proteins such as heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP-32 (haem oxygenase (HO) 1). The effect on flap microcirculation and survival was also studied.

Methods
Ears of hairless mice were subjected to local hypothermia (30 min, 4°C) 24 h before flap creation. A pedicled flap was elevated by incision of four-fifths of the base of the ear. Microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue necrosis were analysed quantitatively over 5 days by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy. HO-1 and HSP-70 protein expression were determined by western blot analysis. HO-1 distribution within the flap tissue was also analysed by immunohistochemistry. Animals with unconditioned flaps served as controls.

Results
Cooling induced a marked expression of HO-1 without induction of HSP-70 protein. This was paralleled by a significant improvement in microvascular perfusion (P &lt; 0·050) that was predominantly regulated by the dilatation of nutritive capillaries. The cooling-mediated improvement in microcirculation resulted in a significant reduction in final flap necrosis (P &lt; 0·050).

Conclusion
In this experimental study preoperative cooling was associated with the expression of HO-1 and was an effective conditioning procedure.
Prospective evaluation of 6895 groin hernia repairs in women
Authors: Koch A , Edwards A , Haapaniemi S , Nordin P , Kald A 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundAlthough 8 per cent of groin hernia repairs are performed in women, there is little published literature relating specifically to women. This study compared differences in outcome between women and men after groin hernia repair.MethodsData collected prospectively in the Swedish Hernia Register between 1992 and 2003 were analysed, including 6895 groin hernia repairs in women and 83 753 in men.ResultsA higher proportion of emergency operations was carried out in women (16·9 per cent) than men (5·0 per cent), leading to bowel resection in 16·6 and 5·6 per cent respectively. During reoperation femoral hernias were found in 41·6 per cent of the women who were diagnosed with a direct or indirect inguinal hernia at the primary operation. The corresponding proportion for men was 4·6 per cent. The hernia repair was not classified as a standard operation (e.g. Shouldice, Lichtenstein, Plug/Mesh, TAPP/TEP) in 38·2 per cent of women and 11·2 per cent of men. Women had a significantly higher risk of reoperation for recurrence than men, and techniques associated with the lowest risk for reoperation in men had the highest risk in women.ConclusionA greater proportion of women than men require emergency groin hernia repair, with consequently higher rates of bowel resection, complications and death. Surgical techniques developed for use in men may put women at unnecessary risk.
Development of instructional, interactive, multimedia anatomy dissection software: A student‐led initiative
Authors: Inwood Matthew J. , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAlthough dissection provides an unparalleled means of teaching gross anatomy, it constitutes a significant logistical and financial investment for educational institutions. The increasing availability and waning cost of computer equipment has enabled many institutions to supplement their anatomy curriculum with Computer Aided Learning (CAL) software. At the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, two undergraduate medical students designed and produced instructional anatomy dissection software for use by first and second year medical students. The software consists of full‐motion, narrated, QuickTime MPG movies presented in a Macromedia environment. Forty‐four movies, between 1–11 min in duration, were produced. Each movie corresponds to a dissection class and precisely demonstrates the dissection and educational objectives for that class. The software is distributed to students free of charge and they are encouraged to install it on their Apple iBook computers. Results of a student evaluation indicated that the software was useful, easy to use, and improved the students' experience in the dissection classes. The evaluation also indicated that only a minority of students regularly used the software or had it installed on their laptop computers. Accordingly, effort should also be directed toward making the software more accessible and increasing students' comfort and familiarity with novel instructional media. The successful design and implementation of this software demonstrates that CAL software can be employed to augment, enhance and improve anatomy instruction. In addition, effective, high quality, instructional multimedia software can be tailored to an educational institution's requirements and produced by novice programmers at minimal cost. Clin. Anat. 18:613–617, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unique origin of the inferior alveolar artery
Authors: Jergenson Margaret A. , Norton Neil S. , Opack Joseph M. , Barritt Laura C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe inferior alveolar artery is the major blood supply to the mandible and mandibular teeth. This artery has a very consistent path, originating from the maxillary artery and passing inferiorly until it enters the mandibular foramen, accompanied by the inferior alveolar nerve and vein. During routine dissection of a 90‐year‐old female cadaver, a unique origin of the inferior alveolar artery was observed on the left side. The artery branched off the external carotid artery, just superior to the stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric muscle in the posterior region of the submandibular triangle. From its starting point the artery passed superiorly in the stylomandibular fascia and made a curving arch into the pterygomandibular space to enter the mandibular foramen with the inferior alveolar nerve. The position and branching pattern of the maxillary artery were otherwise typical. The inferior alveolar artery on the right side displayed a normal branching pattern within the infratemporal fossa. Results of surgical procedures in this area, such as sliding osteotomy of the mandible, could be impacted by this anomaly. Clin. Anat. 18:597–601, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arteries in the posterior cervical triangle in man
Authors: Weiglein Andreas H. , Moriggl B. , Schalk C. , Künzel K.H. , Müller U. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDue to frequent changes in the anatomical nomenclature of the arteries in the posterior cervical triangle (lateral cervical region), anatomical and surgical papers relating to these topics are sometimes difficult to understand and are hard to compare. These changes, coupled with improper knowledge of the gross anatomy and nomenclature of the arteries in the posterior cervical triangle, have presented difficulties in musculocutaneous flap planning, especially in plastic and reconstructive surgery. As an illustration of this concern, the term, transverse cervical artery (A. transversa colli [cervicis]), and its associated branches, have been used frequently over the past several decades with different meanings. In an effort to address this nomenclature challenge and to offer a rational basis for arguing specific name changes, a total of 498 neck‐halves were investigated in Graz, Innsbruck, and Munich. Lateral neck dissections were carried out to expose the subclavian artery and those branches destined for the posterior cervical triangle, specifically, the superficial cervical artery, the dorsal scapular artery, and the suprascapular artery. The course of these arteries and details of their origins and branching patterns were documented. Several arose either as direct branches or from trunks. The convention used in labeling trunks was similar to that described for other trunk formations in the body (e.g., linguo‐facial trunk). Four trunks were observed and named according to the branches that arose from each. A cervico‐dorsal trunk gave origin to the superficial cervical and dorsal scapular arteries, and was found in 30% of cases. A cervico‐scapular trunk gave rise to the superficial cervical and suprascapular arteries in 22% of cases, and a dorso‐scapular trunk provided origins for the dorsal scapular and suprascapular arteries in 4% of cases. A cervico‐dorso‐scapular trunk gave origin to the superficial cervical artery, the dorsal scapular artery, and the suprascapular artery, and was found in 24% of cases. Each of these trunks, in turn, arose from either the subclavian artery or from the thyrocervical trunk. This labeling convention necessitated omitting the term, transverse cervical artery, because this term has become inherently imprecise and variously used over the years. This study describes a simple, uniform, and rational basis for standardizing the nomenclature of the arteries in the posterior cervical triangle. Clin. Anat. 18:553–557, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stature estimation based on hand length and foot length
Authors: Sanli Sultan G. , Kizilkanat Emine D. , Boyan Neslihan , Ozsahin Esin T. , Bozkir M. Gulhal , Soames Roger , Erol Hamza , Oguz Ozkan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study was carried out to estimate the relationship between hand length, foot length and stature using multiple linear regression analyses based on a sample of male and female adult Turks residing in Adana. Measurements of hand length, foot length and stature were taken from 155 adult Turks (80 male, 75 female) aged 17–23 years. The participants were students of the Medical Faculty of Cukurova University. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to the observed data. Stature was taken as the response or dependent variable, hand length and foot length were taken as explanatory variables or regressors. All possible (simple and multiple) linear regression models for each of males, females and both genders together were tested for the best model. The multiple linear regression model for both genders together was found to be the best model with the highest values for the coefficients of determination R2 = 0.861 and R = 0.859, and multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.928. Clin. Anat. 18:589–596, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between the course of the medial plantar artery and the morphology of the abductor hallucis muscle
Authors: Macchi Veronica , Tiengo Cesare , Porzionato Andrea , Stecco Carla , Parenti Anna , Mazzoleni Francesco , Ger Ralph , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe abductor hallucis muscle flap is commonly used as a proximally‐based flap in the management of ankle, heel, and midfoot lesions, where it is ideally suited for closing defects. This study investigates the anatomical details of this muscle in 13 fresh male cadavers. The medial plantar artery (MPA) was studied by dissection and macroscopic analyses to document the relationship of its superficial and deep branches with respect to the abductor hallucis muscle (AHM). Three main patterns could be described. In Pattern A (54%) the MPA divides into two branches. The deep branch reaches the deep surface of the AHM, supplying its proximal part, and the superficial branch courses between the AHM and the flexor digitorum brevis, to end as the first plantar metatarsal artery. The latter supplies two to three small branches to the distal part of the AHM. The fibers of the AHM end symmetrically on the two sides of the tendon and the muscle presents an arciform shape. The MPA, in Pattern B (38%), lacks a deep branch and continues along the lateral border of the AHM as a superficial branch that supplies proximal and distal collaterals to the muscle. The muscle fibers of the AHM end mainly on the medial side of the tendon. The muscle belly presents an arciform shape and is located on the medial margin of the foot superomedially with respect to Pattern A. In Pattern C (8%) the MPA continues as a large deep branch on the deep surface of the AHM and ends as the medial collateral artery of the big toe. A smaller superficial branch of the MPA provides a few collaterals to the AHM from its proximal part and to the flexor digitorum brevis in its distal part. The AHM fibers end mainly on the lateral side of the tendon and morphologically the muscle presents a straight line on the sole of the foot compared to Pattern A. Although Patterns B and C, from a surgical point of view, necessitate interruption of the main trunk of the MPA, Pattern A may permit the vascularization of the muscles of the medial side of the sole of the foot by the superficial trunk of the MPA. Because preoperative radiological study of the plantar vessels correlate with the morphological characteristics of the AHM observed during surgery, such imaging may be useful in determining the appropriate flap design based on the patient's unique pattern of MPA branching. Clin. Anat. 18:580–588, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrahentes digitorum muscle
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Salter E. George , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: September 2005

AbstractVariations of the adductor pollicis muscle of the hand are seemingly rare. We describe an unusual finding of this muscle made during the routine dissection of a cadaveric hand as part of our medical school's gross anatomy course. We believe this case report represents persistence of a portion of the contrahentes digitorum in a human hand. As muscle variations may compress the median nerve while in the carpal tunnel, the clinician should be aware of such a variation. Clin. Anat. 18:606–608, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased incidence of melanoma in renal transplantation recipients
Authors: Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Todd Michael M. , Billingsley Elizabeth M. , Harper Gregory , Dyer Anne‐Marie , Lengerich Eugene J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is well established that the incidence of nonmelanoma skin carcinoma is increased in renal transplantation recipients. However, existing studies are not in agreement over whether patients who undergo transplantation have an increased risk of melanoma. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of melanoma among immunosuppressed renal transplantation recipients and to determine whether that risk is associated with patient and transplantation characteristics.METHODSThe authors studied 89,786 patients who underwent renal transplantation between 1988 and 1998 using the United States Renal Data System. Age standardized (to the United States 2000 population) incidence rates for melanoma were computed as diagnoses per 100,000 population and were compared with rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Incidence rates also were stratified to examine differences by age and gender.RESULTSOf the 89,786 patients who underwent transplantation, 246 patients developed melanoma. The age‐adjusted incidence rate of melanoma among renal transplantation recipients was 55.9 diagnoses per 100,000 population. This represented an increase in age‐adjusted, standardized risk that was 3.6 times greater than the SEER population. Stratified analysis suggested that the risk of melanoma accelerated in male transplantation recipients as age increased, but the risk leveled off with age among female transplantation recipients. Finally, there was a trend for patients who experienced at least 1 acute rejection episode to develop melanoma (odds ratio = 1.34; P = 0.059).CONCLUSIONSRenal transplantation recipients were nearly 3.6 times more likely to develop melanoma than the general population. Physicians who care for renal transplantation recipients should be vigilant in screening for melanoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Nanocrystalline non‐planar carbons: Growth of carbon nanotubes and curled nanostructures
Authors: Orlanducci S. , Fiori A. , Tamburri E. , Sessa V. , Terranova M. L. , Rossi M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present a variety of non‐planar graphitic nanostructures selectively generated in a modified Hot‐Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition (HF‐CVD) apparatus, using purpose‐synthesized amorphous carbon nanoparticles or graphite powders as solid state precursor. The employed methodologies enable to successfully synthesize homogeneous and well organized deposits of single‐ and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, onion‐like nanostructures, and nanotube bundles coated by nano‐sized diamond grains. Variations in the morphological aspect of such non‐planar graphite‐based nanostructures are observed changing the experimental conditions: the solid state reactants, the filament and substrate temperatures, the catalyst concentration, and the atomic hydrogen flux over the substrate play key roles in the phenomenon. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deposition pressure influence on morphological and electrical properties of poly‐silicon
Authors: Sciuto M. , Papalino L. , Gagliano C. , Padalino M. , Coccorese C. , Mello D. , Renna G. , Franco G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn the modern MOS‐based device the poly‐silicon morphological and electrical properties play a very important role for the final die performance. In particular for flash memory devices, due to the continuous shrinkage, it is very important to control the relationship between process parameters and layer characteristics. In this paper we discuss the influence of deposition pressure on morphological and electrical properties of poly‐silicon deposited by LPCVD. We show that, in spite of amorphous state of as‐deposited layer, after crystallization, poly‐silicon grain size, resistivity and work function strongly depend on deposition pressure. TEM plane view with grain size distribution of the three more interesting cases has been studied. Then these grain sizes have been related with the resistivity. It has been observed that higher pressure tends to decrease grain size and resistivity while lower pressure has the opposite effect. Finally AFM analysis has been performed in order to determine a qualitative grain distribution on the surface. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiscale simulation of silicon film growth
Authors: Cavallotti C. , Pantano E. , Veneroni A. , Masi M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe modeling approach (multiscale) linking the different scales encountered in simulating industrial growth processes from the vapor phase of interest for the silicon based microelectronics is here addressed. The final aim is linking the materials and devices performances to the operational parameters of the production techniques. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Silicon carbide growth mechanisms from SiH4, SiHCl3 and nC3H8
Authors: Veneroni A. , Omarini F. , Masi M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA detailed chemical mechanism for the silicon carbide epitaxial growth using chlorinated precursors is presented here. The mechanism involves 155 gas phase and 66 surface reactions among 47 gas phase and 9 surface species, respectively. A comparison with the performances of the standard process using silane is presented and the observed growth rate increase and the disappearing of the homogeneous silicon droplets in gas phase is explained. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zinc doped GaAs epitaxial layers MOVPE grown by liquid metalorganic sources
Authors: Begotti M. , Ghezzi C. , Longo M. , Magnanini R. , Parisini A. , Tarricone L. , Vantaggio S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe properties of Zinc‐doped GaAs, grown by MOVPE employing the tertiary buthyl arsine precursor, were studied as a function of the doping level, comprised within the (1 × 1016 – 7 × 1019 cm–3) range. Hall effect measurements were performed as a function of temperature; the simultaneous analysis of the Hall hole density and Hall mobility gave the effective doping concentration, the thermal ionisation energy of the acceptor impurities and the compensation ratio. Fast Fourier Transform Photoluminescence measurements were performed on the GaAs layers; the results were correlated with those obtained from the electrical analysis. A comparison of the obtained data with the results of an analogous investigation, previously performed on intrinsically Carbon doped GaAs layers, allowed the following conclusions: a) the GaAs layers exhibit a low content of non‐intentional impurities (<1014 cm–3); b) both Zinc and Carbon show a low compensation ratio; c) both Carbon and Zinc doped layers show electrical and optical properties comparable with the state of the art; d) Carbon intrinsic doping appears preferable for low‐medium carrier concentrations, while Zinc appears preferable for medium‐high carrier concentrations (higher than about 5 × 1017 cm–3). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)