bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coffee wilt disease: The forgotten threat to coffee
Authors: Peck Lily D. , Boa Eric 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoffee is attacked by several highly damaging pests and diseases, which include coffee wilt disease (CWD). Despite a devastating impact in recent years, CWD receives little attention and its importance is downplayed or simply ignored. Memories are short and knowledge of past outbreaks fragmentary. Nearly two decades after the last major outbreaks, CWD has quietly faded into the background. This review describes a series of outbreaks of CWD across Africa, from Uganda to Guinea, from the first discovery in the 1920s to a hugely damaging recurrence that began in the 1970s and lasted through to the 2000s. This second wave had devastating impacts on growers and communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in Uganda. This review examines the origins of the disease, how and why it spread, and attempts to manage the outbreaks. Recent work on new pathogen variants is also considered. This review aims to recount these events and to evaluate the strategic successes and failures at national, regional and international levels in tackling the second wave of CWD.
Weather‐based models for forecasting Fusarium head blight risks in wheat and barley: A review
Authors: Matengu Taurai T. , Bullock Paul R. , Mkhabela Manasah S. , Zvomuya Francis , Henriquez Maria A. , Ojo E. RoTimi , Fernando W. G. Dilantha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating crop diseases worldwide, significantly reducing the yield and quality of small‐cereal crops such as wheat and barley when favourable weather conditions exist during anthesis. Additionally, FHB‐associated mycotoxins significantly impact global food and feed safety. Controlling FHB with fungicides applied near anthesis reduces visual FHB symptoms and associated mycotoxin production, thereby lowering disease‐related costs. However, when weather conditions are unfavourable for FHB occurrence, fungicide application can be costly and environmentally undesirable. Thus, fungicides should be used sparingly only when the pathogen is present and weather conditions are favourable. Modelling of FHB risk using weather data has grown rapidly in recent decades and plays an essential role in integrated crop disease management. In this review, several weather‐based FHB models are selected and described in detail. The models were developed globally for assessing the real‐time risk of FHB epidemics in various regions/countries. Most of these models are site‐specific and predict FHB visual observations such as the incidence and severity of FHB, Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK), and also deoxynivalenol (DON) levels. The review also highlights the limitations of these existing models, including their narrow applicability, low accuracy for high‐risk contamination situations, and omissions of certain factors. Also discussed are potential avenues for improvement and enhanced predictive capabilities including consideration of additional disease risk factors as well as a broader range of varieties. These predictive models can assist producers, regulatory agencies, and industry to mitigate potential food and feed security and safety concerns.
Enhancing the Biological Control of Mite Species Infesting Olive Trees through Application of Predatory Mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and Eco‐Friendly Natural Compounds
Authors: El‐Esawi Mohamed A. , Alayafi Aisha A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOlive (Olea europaea L.) is a subtropical tree cultivated in arid, dry and temperate regions. Olive orchards in Al‐Jouf of Saudi Arabia are the largest worldwide and currently face harmful pest infestation. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the predatory mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and the exogenously applied melatonin (MT), glycine betaine (GB) and 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as eco‐friendly approaches for enhancing the biological control of four mite species (Tegolophus hassani, Oxycenus niloticus, Aceria olivi and Tetranychus urticae) infesting olive trees in Al‐Jouf under laboratory and field conditions. Field experiment was conducted on 6‐year‐old Manzanillo olive trees grown in a private orchard farm in Al‐Jouf during two seasons, 2020 and 2021. Results revealed that A. exsertus developed successfully from egg to adult. The females of T. hassani, O. niloticus, A. olivi, and T. urticae required 7.36, 8.89, 9.98 and 8.38 days, respectively, to develop from egg to adult at 28°C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. O. niloticus was the most preferred prey of A. exsertus. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 42.1, 38.7, 34.6 and 36.8 females/female/generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.27, 0.26, 0.23 and 0.20 females/female/day, and the mean generation time (T) was 16.2, 17.1, 18.6 and 17.2 days when a predator consumed T. hassani, O. niloticus, A. olivi and T. urticae, respectively. The adult female consumed daily about 114 O. niloticus, 105 A. olivi, 95 T. hassani and 15.2 T. urticae individuals, respectively. A. exsertus proved to be an effective biocontrol agent against mites infesting olive trees. In addition, the exogenous application of 1 mM MT, 15 mM GB and 25 mg/L ALA, alone or in combination, caused significant mortality for the four mites. Application of these natural compounds, alone or in combination, also significantly enhanced the growth, relative water content, relative chlorophyll, content of flavonoid and nutrients, antioxidant enzymes activities, stress‐related genes expression and fruit yield and quality of the infested olive trees compared to non‐treated infested trees. This study is the first that demonstrates the efficiency of these eco‐friendly approaches for controlling mites infesting olive trees, and could be used as a replacement for the harmful chemical acaricides.
Evolutionary analysis of MID homologs during the transition from homothallic species to heterothallic species in Volvox sect. Volvox (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Yamagishi Shion , Yamamoto Kayoko , Takahashi Kohei , Kawai‐Toyooka Hiroko , Suzuki Shigekatsu , Matsuzaki Ryo , Yamaguchi Haruyo , Kawachi Masanobu , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Nozaki Hisayoshi 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYThe diversity and the evolution of mating systems have been studied in various eukaryotes. Volvox sect. Volvox of the volvocine green algae is suitable for evolutionary studies of the transition from homothallic to heterothallic mating systems because this transition is recognized in distal lineages within Volvox sect. Volvox. MID homologs are important in determining the mating type minus and male in heterothallic species of the volvocine algae. However, MID homologs have not been studied within the entire Volvox sect. Volvox. Here, we analyzed MID homologs from almost all taxa of Volvox sect. Volvox and found no significant differences in MID sequences between homothallic species and males of heterothallic species. Furthermore, MID of the male genotype of the heterothallic Volvox rousseletii showed an expression pattern that was almost identical to that of a closely related homothallic species, Volvox ferrisii. Therefore, the function of MID might have been conserved within the ancestral homothallic lineage of Volvox sect. Volvox and during the evolutionary transition of the heterothallic male genotype from the ancestral homothallic species, possibly related to male gametogenesis.
Presidential candidates nobody wants?
Authors: Fazekas Zoltán , Hatemi Peter K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn a nationally representative study, we explore the public's views of the 2016 presidential nominees. Current measures generally focus on approval of given candidates with closed‐ended questions, but much can be learned by soliciting the public's unconstrained candidate preferences—not only in the direction of how they feel, but the depth of their views and who they really want to see in office. Employing open‐ended questions, we find that more than 75% of the voting public preferred an option other than what was offered. Even when constraining choices to politicians, the Democratic and Republican nominees were not preferred by the majority of the public, and this held true when restricting the analyses to partisans only. We further asked voters to express, in their own words, what they thought of the two candidates for president. The majority of the public described both candidates in negative terms. They spoke with deep disdain for the opposition's candidate, as well as their own party's candidate. The results add support to the view that US primary elections are failing to produce candidates who represent the public's interests and signal the potential for further instability in US government.
Droplet Combustion Behavior and Spray Characteristics of Diesel–Ethanol–Jatropha Oil Ternary Fuel Blends Under High-Pressure Evaporating Conditions
Authors: Pamuluri Vinod Kumar Naidu , Boggavarapu Prasad , Ravikrishna R. V. , Avulapati Madan Mohan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the behavior of a single droplet exposed to high-temperature ambient air and macroscopic spray characteristics of various ternary blends of diesel–ethanol–jatropha oil. The experiments on single droplet are performed at ambient pressure and high temperature. The spray experiments are performed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, similar to those of a diesel engine in-cylinder air at the time of fuel injection for three blends. The D50E35J15 has exhibited micro-explosion behavior; D50E30J20, which has shown puffing, and D60E20J20, which has demonstrated both micro-explosion and puffing during single droplet experiments, are selected for spray experiments. A constant volume spray chamber with optical access equipped with an electric heater was used to study evaporating spray characteristics of the blends at 5 MPa and 900 K. The spray experiments have shown that the ternary fuel blends have higher liquid penetration as compared to that of diesel due to the higher boiling point of jatropha oil. The variation in the spray cone angle between the different blends was found to be insignificant and within the measurement’s uncertainty limits. Thus, the blends which have exhibited micro-explosion and puffing in droplet experiments have not affected the macroscopic spray characteristics at higher ambient pressures.
Fatigue-Life Estimation of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Composite Blades Using Modal Analysis
Authors: Ghoneam Sobhy M. , Hamada Ahmed A. , Sherif Taha S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have gained significant impact due to their belief in sustainable wind energy solutions. The primary challenge with VAWTs is complicated structural dynamics and incorporating the optimal composite blade configuration. This article presents an integrated study of the dynamic performance and fatigue-life characteristics of modern VAWT composite blades. Considering the VAWT’s design parameters, the impact of variables such as stress level, loading conditions, fiber type, laminate stacking sequences, and lamina ply angles on the dynamic behavior and fatigue life of VAWTs is investigated. Stress-life curves are generated for glass/carbon-polyester VAWT composite blade configurations. Multi-response optimization using the Taguchi technique combined with the response surface methodology is employed to model, propose, and elect the optimal VAWT composite blade configurations. Finite element analyses (FEAs) are conducted within the solidworks simulation software to simulate and predict the dynamic performance and fatigue-life characteristics of VAWT composite blades. The results show that the composite blades significantly enhance the dynamic and fatigue-life characteristics of VAWTs. Furthermore, a small damage percentage of 2.5% characterized by the FEA for the optimal VAWT composite blade configuration validated the sustainability of the VAWT composite blades in dynamic loading conditions.
Endogenously produced H
2
O
2
is intimately involved in iron metabolism in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Womack Edroyal , Alibayov Babek , Vidal Jorge E. , Eichenbaum Zehava 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

In the presence of molecular oxygen, the human pathogen
Streptococcus pneumoniae
produces and secretes large amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), which can readily interact with free and heme-bound iron. Here, we investigated the role of the endogenously produced H
2
O
2
in iron acquisition. The data revealed that
S. pneumoniae
uses H
2
O
2
to liberate iron from met-hemoglobin (Hb-Fe
3+
) extracellularly, allowing the bacterium to import and grow on free iron even when cultivated on met-hemoglobin as the only iron source. The loss of H
2
O
2
production leads to a dramatic pneumococcal intake of heme and is associated with a robust upregulation of most iron uptake machinery (indicating an iron starvation signal). These and other data reveal a close and previously unexplored relation between H
2
O
2
production and iron metabolism in
S. pneumoniae
. The data also show that, in addition to extracellular degradation, pneumococci are armed with H
2
O
2
-independent mechanisms for intracellular heme catabolism.

IMPORTANCE

Heme degradation provides pathogens with growth essential iron, leveraging on the host heme reservoir. Bacteria typically import and degrade heme enzymatically, and here, we demonstrated a significant deviation from this dogma. We found that
Streptococcus pneumoniae
liberates iron from met-hemoglobin extracellularly, in a hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
)- and cell-dependent manner; this activity serves as a major iron acquisition mechanism for
S. pneumoniae
. Inhabiting oxygen-rich environments is a major part of pneumococcal biology, and hence, H
2
O
2
-mediated heme degradation likely supplies iron during infection. Moreover, H
2
O
2
reaction with ferrous hemoglobin but not with met-hemoglobin is known to result in heme breakdown. Therefore, the ability of pneumococci to degrade heme from met-hemoglobin is a new paradigm. Lastly, this study will inform other research as it demonstrates that extracellular degradation must be considered in the interpretations of experiments in which H
2
O
2
-producing bacteria are given heme or hemoproteins as an iron source.
Anaesthetic management of caesarean section in a patient with myofibrillar myopathy
Authors: Fernandes Diana Carolina Lastra , Freitas Ana Catarina Fernandes , Zenha Sérgio , Freitas Sara Cristina Cabral 
Published: December 2023

Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.MFM exhibits a considerable degree of clinical heterogeneity. In numerous instances of MFM, muscle weakness is the predominant manifestation. Certain MFM subtypes are distinguished by respiratory and cardiac impairment.There is little information available about anaesthetic management in MFM, and even less is known about obstetric anaesthesia.A successful case of a patient with MFM undergoing a caesarean section under combined neuraxial anaesthesia is reported. The patient experienced no complications, and functional recovery was swift.
The misplaced embryo: legal parenthood in ‘embryo mix-up’ cases
Authors: Simana Shelly , Ravitsky Vardit , Cohen I Glenn 
Published: December 2023

Recently in Israel, a woman was mistakenly implanted with an embryo that is genetically related to another couple. Unfortunately, this case is not an isolated occurrence, as other cases of embryo mix-ups have been reported in several countries, including the USA, China, the UK and various other countries within the European Union. Cases of mixed-up embryos are ethically and legally complex: the woman who carried the pregnancy and the woman who is genetically related to the resulting child—both of whom endured emotionally and physically demanding infertility treatments—along with their partners, may be unwilling to relinquish parental rights over the child.This article explores four possible approaches, found in numerous common law jurisdictions, which can be used to address cases involving embryo mix-ups. Our analysis reveals several avenues through which legal parentage can be established. It can be done through gestation and the marital presumption, genetic connections, by adhering to the principle of the best interests of the child, or by recognising multiple individuals as legal parents. We review the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, but we have one clear recommendation: resolving embryo mix-up cases should be done proactively through the establishment of legislation and guidelines, rather than relying on post hoc individual court decisions. Such legislation and guidelines should guarantee the consistency of values throughout diverse reproductive contexts and mandate that fertility clinics and medical professionals provide individuals with comprehensive information regarding the potential risks associated with assisted reproductive treatments.
A dual-emission ratiometric luminescence probe based on Zr-MOFs for the efficient detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solutions
Authors: Chen Zezhi , Zhang Wenjun , Wen Xue 
Published: December 2023

A novel dual-emission ratio luminescent probe (Eu(DPA)3@UIO-66-NH2) for the detection of Cu[Formula: see text] in an aqueous solution was successfully prepared by linking the Zr-MOFs material UIO-66-NH2 with the lanthanide complex Na3[Eu(DPA)3] through the interaction between functional groups. The synthesized Eu(DPA)3@UIO-66-NH2 inherits the advantages of MOFs and lanthanide complexes, and it not only has excellent luminescence performance but also shows good dispersion and structural stability in aqueous solution. The characteristics of dual-emission light can achieve specific ratiometric luminescence detection of Cu[Formula: see text]. In addition, the probe exhibited high sensitivity for the detection of Cu[Formula: see text]with a detection limit as low as 0.89 [Formula: see text]M. It can provide an efficient and stable platform for the convenient and rapid detection of Cu[Formula: see text] in aqueous solutions and has the potential for development applications.
Abstract IA008: Weaving university and community-based partnership
Authors: Sanderson Priscilla R. , Monroy Fernando , Brown Heidi , Harris Robin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction/Background Including Hypothesis/Objectives: University investigators affiliated with the Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) and Navajo Nation partners worked together with a goal to estimate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its specific subtypes and factors associated with infection. Methods: This partnership required multiple strategies to promote awareness and individual participation in this study. The team started with tribal resolutions and communication network with local Chapter House officers, Community Health Representatives (CHRs), local Navajo translators, Diné Haatalii Association (Navajo Medicine Man), social network outreach, and community healthcare providers. Results: Our population-based study weaved together various networks with local leaders, social media, and the Navajo Healthy Stomach website. Participant follow-up after testing found that local hospitals were overwhelmed with requests for appointments and immediate treatment. Participants reported side-effects of prescribed medications. The Monroy lab revealed enough biopsies to test for Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusions: Successful studies must utilize both Navajo Nation Human Research and Review Board approvals with university Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Local, in-person, radio, and social media-based weaving of culturally sensitive communications develops strong partnerships between university and community-based local people, programs, and hospitals. Future Directions (Opportunities and Challenges): The team continues to study the role of Helicobacter pylori on the gastrointestinal microbiome in the development of gastric disease in infected Navajo patients. Further outreach is ongoing with local community and providers. Funding Support: Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention, U54 NCI grant.
Citation Format: Priscilla R. Sanderson, Fernando Monroy, Heidi Brown, Robin Harris. Weaving university and community-based partnership [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA008.
Comparing Efficacy and Safety Between Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Warfarin After Direct Oral Anticoagulant Failure
Authors: Hsieh Meng‐Tsang , Liu Chi‐Hung , Lin Sheng‐Hsiang , Lin Po‐Yu , Chang Yu‐Ming , Wang Chun‐Min , Chen Chih‐Hung , Sung Pi‐Shan 
Published: December 2023

Background
An increased risk of recurrent stroke is noted in patients with atrial fibrillation despite direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use. We investigated the efficacy and safety of treatment with each of 4 different DOACs or warfarin after DOAC failure.

Methods and Results
We retrospectively analyzed patients with atrial fibrillation with ischemic stroke despite DOAC treatment between January 2002 and December 2016. The different outcomes of patients with DOAC failure were compared, including recurrent ischemic stroke, major cardiovascular events, intracranial hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, mortality, and net composite outcomes according to switching to different DOACs or vitamin K antagonist after index ischemic stroke. We identified 3759 patients with DOAC failure. A total of 84 patients experienced recurrent ischemic stroke after switching to different oral anticoagulants, with a total follow‐up time of 14 years. Using the vitamin K antagonist group as a reference, switching to any of the 4 DOACs was associated with a 69% to 77% reduced risk of major cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.25 [95% CI, 0.16–0.39] for apixaban, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.14–0.37] for dabigatran, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.09–0.60] for edoxaban, and 0.31 [95% CI, 0.21–0.45] for rivaroxaban), and a 69% to 83% reduced risk of net composite outcomes (aHR, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.18–0.35] for apixaban, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.11–0.25] for dabigatran, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.17–0.56] for edoxaban, and 0.31 [95% CI, 0.23–0.41] for rivaroxaban).

Conclusions
In Asian patients with DOAC failure, continuing DOACs after index stroke was associated with fewer undesirable outcomes than switching to a vitamin K antagonist. Alternative pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies warrant investigation.