bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycerol: a neglected variable in metabolic processes?
Authors: Brisson Diane , Vohl Marie‐Claude , St‐Pierre Julie , Hudson Thomas J. , Gaudet Daniel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGlycerol is a small and simple molecule produced in the breakdown of glucose, proteins, pyruvate, triacylglycerols and other glycerolipid, as well as release from dietary fats. An increasing number of observations show that glycerol is probably involved in a surprising variety of physiopathologic mechanisms. Glycerol has long been known to play fundamental roles in several vital physiological processes, in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and is an important intermediate of energy metabolism. Despite some differences in the details of their operation, many of these mechanisms have been preserved throughout evolution, demonstrating their fundamental importance. In particular, glycerol can control osmotic activity and crystal formation and then act as a cryoprotective agent. Furthermore, its properties make it useful in numerous industrial, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Few studies have focussed directly on glycerol, however, and while its metabolism is increasingly well documented, much of the details remain unknown. Considering the importance of glycerol in multiple vital physiological processes, its study could help unlock important physiopathological mechanisms. BioEssays 23:534–542, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Online analysis of development
Authors: Vize Peter D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe genomics revolution has altered the very nature of research in molecular biology, from how to find genes to how to find out what specific genes do. Given the availability of so many fully (or nearly) sequenced genomes, it is now relatively easy to track down dozens or even hundreds of genes relevant to a particular field of study. Unfortunately, up till now, the tools for determining what these genes actually do in embryos and cells have not kept pace, but the burgeoning field of bioinformatics should help correct this shortcoming and introduce the power of genomics to the study of developmental biology. In this review, some of the bioinformatics resources relevant to developmental biologists are described along with some simple approaches for applying these tools to analyzing early development. BioEssays 23:549–554, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A lipid‐coated lipase as an efficient hydrolytic catalyst in the two‐phase aqueous‐organic system
Authors: Mori Toshiaki , Kishimoto Shintaro , Ijiro Kuniharu , Kobayashi Atsushi , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA lipid‐coated lipase has been known to be soluble in organic solvents and act as an efficient esterification catalyst in the dry organic solvent. It was also found to act as an efficient hydrolytic catalyst for lipophilic esters in the two‐phase aqueous‐organic system. Both the lipid‐coated lipase and substrates are solubilized in the organic phase and the hydrolysis occurs with water molecules from the aqueous phase. Therefore, the reaction was 40–100 times faster than that of the native lipase, in which the enzyme and substrate exist separately in the aqueous and organic phase, respectively, and the reaction proceeded at the interface. The hydrolysis rates for the lipid‐coated lipase were not affected by the aqueous pH and agitation speed of the two‐phase. Enzymatic activity of the lipid‐coated lipase was compared with that of the poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted lipase. Michaelis‐Menten kinetics in the two‐phase reactions was also studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 157–163, 2001.
Determination of Danshensu, a major active compound of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza in dog plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Luo Xiaojian , Bi Kaishun , Zhou Shuyu , Wei Qinghua , Zhang Ruhua 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of Danshensu (3, 4‐dihydroxyphenyllactic acid) in dog plasma. Plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate. Analysis of the extracts was performed on a reversed‐phase column with an aqueous phosphate buffer‐acetonitrile (93:7, v/v) mobile phase, and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid was used as the internal standard. Fluorescence detection at 285 nm (excitation) and 320 nm (emission) was employed. Standard curves were linear in the range from 0.125 to 11.3 µg/mL (regression coefficient r > 0.993) on three different days. Mean recovery was determined as 96.4% by analysis of plasma standard containing 0.63, 5.65 and 11.3 µg/mL of Danshensu. The inter‐day precision (RSD) ranged from 3.4 to 8.6% at concentrations of 0.125, 1.88, 6.28 and 11.3 µg/mL, and the intra‐day precision was better than 7.2%. The detection and quantitation limits were 0.063 and 0.125 µg/mL, respectively. This validated assay was applied to the determination of Danshensu concentration in dog plasma after oral administration of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of atrasentan by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in human plasma
Authors: Bryan Peter D. , Sapochak Lisa B. , Tames Michelle M. , Padley Robert J. , El‐Shourbagy Tawakol A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAtrasentan is an endothelin antagonist selective for the ETA receptor in development at Abbott Laboratories for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and cell proliferation disorders. A simple and sensitive chromatographic method for the determination of atrasentan in human plasma has been developed and validated. The analytical method involves acidification of the plasma samples with 0.3 N HCl prior to extraction with 1:1 (v:v) hexane/tert‐butylmethylether. The organic extract was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted with 20:80 (v:v) acetonitrile/0.05 M K2HPO4 and washed with 75:25 (v:v) hexane/tert‐butylmethylether. The organic layer was discarded and the aqueous layer was injected into the HPLC. Atrasentan and internal standard (ABT‐790) were separated from interference using a 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm, 120 Å, Phenomenex Spherisorb C8 analytical column with a 50 × 4.6 mm, Alltech Absorbosphere 5 µm CN guard cartridge using a mobile phase consisting of 25:15:5:55 (v:v:v:v) acetonitrile/isopropanol/methanol/0.05 M K2HPO4, pH 7.0, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Fluorescence detection was achieved using λex 278 nm and λem 322 nm. For a 1.0 mL plasma sample volume, the limit of quantitation was approximately 200 pg/mL. The method was linear from 0.2 to 1300 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9986). Inter‐ and intra‐day assay RSD (n = 6) were less than 10%. Mean accuracy determinations showed the quality control samples to range between 94 and 99% of the theoretical concentration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro metabolism of a new H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor DBM‐819 in liver microsomes using HPLC and electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Choi Sung Jin , Ji Hye‐Young , Lee Hee‐Yong , Lee Dong Ha , Lim Hong , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe metabolism of 1‐(2‐methyl‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐[(3‐hydroxypropyl)amino]‐6‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2c]quinoline (DBM‐819), a new H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor, has been studied by HPLC with spectrometric detection and on‐line LC‐electrospray mass spectrometry. In vitro incubation of DBM‐819 with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH resulted in the production of four metabolites (M1‐4), whereas DBM‐819 was oxidized to two metabolites, M2 and M4, by human liver microsomes. M2, M3 and M4 were identified as O‐demethyl‐DBM‐819, 8‐hydroxy‐DBM‐819 and N‐dehydroxypropyl‐DBM‐819, respectively, based on LC/MS/MS analysis with authentic standards. M1 was tentatively identified as 1‐(hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐[(3‐hydroxypropyl)amino]‐6‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2c]quinoline. Rat liver CYP1A1/2 catalyzed the oxidation of DBM‐819 to 8‐hydroxy‐DBM‐819 and N‐dehydroxypropyl‐DBM‐819. Human CYP3A4 was a major isozyme for the formation of O‐demethyl‐DBM‐819 as well as N‐dehydroxypropyl‐DBM‐819. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of scopolamine, atropine and anisodamine in Flos daturae by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Ye Nengsheng , Zhu Ruohua , Gu Xuexin , Zou Hong 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the separation and determination of tropane alkaloids in Flos daturae plants. Separation was performed on a fused silica capillary(42.1 cm × 50 µm i.d.) at an applied voltage of 20 kV. Scopolamine, atropine and anisodamine were well separated in the buffer of 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) containing 20% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran (THF). Beer's law was obeyed in the range of concentration of 2.4–21.8 µg/mL for scopolamine, 4.0–36.0 µg/mL for atropine and 2.6–23.7 µg/mL for anisodamine, respectively, and the correlation coefficients were over 0.999 (n = 6). The developed method was applied for the analysis of herb samples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybridation of different chiral separation techniques with ICP‐MS detection for the separation and determination of selenomethionine enantiomers: chiral speciation of selenized yeast
Authors: Méndez Sonia Pérez , González Elisa Blanco , Sanz‐Medel Alfredo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEnantioseparation and determination of selenomethionine enantiomers in selenized yeast was investigated using chiral separation techniques based on different principles, coupled on‐line to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) for selenium‐specific detection. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a β‐cyclodestrin (β‐CD) column, cyclodextrin‐modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD‐MEKC), gas chromatography (GC) on a Chirasil‐L‐Val column, and HPLC on a Chirobiotic T column have been investigated as the chiral separation techniques. For HPLC separation on the β‐CD column, and also for CD‐MEKC, selenomethionine enantiomers were derivatized with NDA/CN−. For chiral separation by GC, selenomethionine enantiomers were converted into their N‐trifluoroacetyl (TFA)‐O‐alkyl esters. The developed hybridation methodologies are compared with respect to enantioselectivity, sensitivity and analysis time. The usefulness of the best‐suited method [HPLC (Chirobiotic T)‐ICP‐MS] was demonstrated by its application to the successful chiral speciation of selenium and D‐and L‐selenomethionine content determination in selenized yeast. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A group‐based module for adolescents to improve motivation to change sexually abusive behaviour
Authors: O'Reilly Gary , Morrison Tony , Sheerin Declan , Carr Alan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article describes a group‐based intervention for adolescents specifically designed to improve motivation to change sexually abusive behaviour. The intervention is intended to be used as a single module within a comprehensive treatment programme based on cognitive behavioural and relapse prevention principles. It utilizes the Prochaska and DiClemente (1983,1986) model of the stages of change and Morrison's (1998) seven steps in contemplating change. We have combined these two models to produce ‘11 Steps of Motivation and Action in Changing Sexually Abusive Behaviour’. These 11 steps form the foundation of the intervention. In this paper we describe how we use the 11 steps, with accompanying illustrative vignettes and question cards describing juvenile sexual abusers at various points along the continuum of change, in order to promote the acceptance of responsibility for abusive behaviour and the development of skills to prevent reoffending. Examples of the vignettes are provided, along with a discussion of how they can be used to motivate change, develop healthy group norms in treatment and set individual goals for clients. Finally, we highlight the possibility of future applications of this intervention with male adult abusers, adolescent and adult female abusers, parents groups, significant other groups, individual clients and children with sexually aggressive behaviour. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postinterventional transcutaneous suture of femoral artery access sites in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease: A study of 930 patients
Authors: Balzer Jörn Oliver , Scheinert Dierk , Diebold Thomas , Haufe Michael , Vogl Thomas J. , Biamino Giancarlo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a percutaneous vascular suture (PVS) device in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) for achievement of immediate hemostasis at the vascular access site and early ambulation of fully anticoagulated patients after peripheral interventional procedures. From June 1995 to March 2000, a vascular suture using a PVS device (6–10 Fr) was applied in 930 patients with PAOD. All patients had received an endoluminal intervention in the pelvic and/or the contralateral femoropopliteal region via a retrograde access through the common femoral artery (CFA). The incidence of complications within 12 hr after intervention, prior to discharge, and at 30‐day follow‐up was assessed employing clinical examination, treadmill test, and color Doppler ultrasound and the safety of the PVS device was determined. The efficacy of the system was measured by the percentage of achieved immediate hemostasis and early ambulation. PVS was technically successful in 92.2% independently from the degree of calcification at the access site. In 7.8%, an appropriate suture delivery could not be performed and these patients were successfully treated by conventional compression technique. Device malfunction or insufficient suture closure occurred in 1.7% and 2.1%, respectively. In 7.0%, groin‐related complications occurred. Ambulation within 2–4 hr after successful suture was possible in 96.1%. All patients were free of any local symptoms at 30‐day follow‐up. The PVS device provides a safe and effective solution to achieve immediate hemostasis, thus permitting early ambulation in fully anticoagulated patients with PAOD after peripheral interventional procedures. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:174–181. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A unique pitfall in percutaneous coronary angioplasty of in‐stent restenosis: Guidewire passage out of the stent
Authors: Jain Deepak , Kurowski Volkhard , Katus Hugo A. , Richardt Gert 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThree cases of in‐stent restenosis are narrated, wherein, during balloon angioplasty of the lesion, the guidewire inadvertently exited out of the stent. The forward balloon progress was halted in this region. In the first case, the situation could only be realized when dilatation of a forcefully pushed small balloon avulsed the well‐embedded stent. The mishap was averted in the subsequent two cases by reintroduction of a new guidewire. Some suggestions to avoid this eventuality are offered. Though the cases pertain to in‐stent restenosis, the observations may be applicable to the procedures in general that entail passage of a guidewire through a stented area. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:229–233. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complexation with albumins of chiral aromatic substrates and their chemistry in ground and excited states. Catalytic and chirality recognition properties of the protein in the cases of binaphthol, its photoisomers, and ketoprofen
Authors: Ouchi Akihiko , Zandomeneghi Giorgia , Zandomeneghi Maurizio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe reactivity of organic molecules can be modified upon complexation with proteins: these changes can be different and more significant when the substrate is in an electronically excited state. Here we review UV, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopy studies on the photochemistry and on the chemistry of atropisomeric binaphthols and of ketoprofen, complexed to serum albumins. The chemical and photochemical properties of the organic substrates, complexed to the albumins or free in common solvents, are different. The role of the protein complexation is also evidenced in photoresolution processes of racemate–protein complexes. Catalytic effects due to serum albumins are also reported. In particular, the Arrhenius parameters for the rate of thermal isomerization of a metastable photoproduct of binaphthol in common solvents are compared with those of the bovine serum albumin catalyzed isomerization. Chirality 14:1–11, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normal phase chiral HPLC of methylphenidate: Comparison of different polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Ali Imran 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA comparison of the enantiomeric resolution of (±)‐threo‐methylphenidate (MPH) (Ritalin®) was achieved on different polysaccharide based chiral stationary phases. The mobile phase used was hexane‐ethanol‐methanol‐trifluoroacetic acid (480:9.75:9.75:0.5, v/v/v/v). Benzoic acid and phenol were used as the mobile phase additives for the enantiomeric resolution of MPH on Chiralcel OB column only. The α values for the resolved enantiomers were 1.34, 1.29, 1.30, and 1.24 on Chiralpak AD, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OB (containing 0.2 mM benzoic acid in mobile phase), and Chiralcel OB (containing 0.2 mM phenol in mobile phase) columns, respectively. The Rs values were 1.82, 1.53, 1.19, and 1.10 on Chiralpak AD, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OB (containing 0.2 mM benzoic acid in mobile phase), and Chiralcel OB (containing 0.2 mM phenol in mobile phase), respectively. The role of benzoic acid and phenol as mobile phase additives is discussed. Chirality 14:47–50, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomer separation of hydrocarbons in preparation for ROSETTA's “chirality‐experiment”
Authors: Meierhenrich Uwe J. , Thiemann Wolfram H.‐P , Goesmann Fred , Roll Reinhard , Rosenbauer Helmut 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUntil now the favored method for separating racemic pairs of underivatized alcohols, diols, and phenylsubstituted amines has been gas chromatography on cyclodextrin phases. However, certain enantiomers of saturated chiral hydrocarbons could not be resolved in this way because they lack the functional groups necessary to undergo “intensive” diastereomeric interactions with the cyclodextrins. The present study describes a gas‐chromatographic technique for resolution of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons into their enantiomers and presents a brief discussion of the possible applications. The (enantiomer) separations were performed in preparation for the Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment on board the cometary lander RoLand, part of ESA's cornerstone mission ROSETTA. This experiment has been designed to investigate the hypotheses that biomolecular asymmetry has an interstellar origin and to separate and identify a wide range of organic enantiomers in situ on the surface of a comet's nucleus. Chirality 13:454–457, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of singular stresses in bonded bimaterial wedges by computed eigen solutions and hybrid element method
Authors: Chen M.‐C. , Sze K. Y. , Wang Hai‐tao 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper concerns the determination of the singular stress fields in bonded bimaterial wedges under inplane loading. The mathematical complexity required for deriving the eigen solutions is avoided by an ad hoc developed one‐dimensional finite element formulation. The computed eigen solutions are here adopted in the assumed stress fields of hybrid stress elements which are employed to determine the stress intensities. To illustrate the efficacy of the suggested procedure, stress intensities for cracks in homogeneous, interfacial cracks, bimaterial free edges and other configurations are computed and compared with the existing analytical/reference solutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From color‐matching error to large color differences
Authors: Kuehni Rolf G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractClassical color‐matching error data have been compared in L, M, S cone response space to small and large color‐difference data to reveal their agreements and divergences. The color‐matching error data analyzed (with exception of the Brown data) and, implicitly, the Boynton–Kambe data were found to be similar, with a large ratio of S increment to L increment. Another group is formed by the Richter threshold data, small color‐difference data and the CIE94 formula fitted to the latter. This group has an S/L increment ratio of approximately one third that of the first. The Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales and the Munsell set are on average comparable and intermediate in S/L increment ratio. Color‐matching error data, threshold and small color‐difference data as well as the formula fitted to it reveal a characteristic V shape of the cone response increment functions. It is explained as the overlay of a crispening effect onto the basic global increment function revealed in Munsell or OSA‐UCS data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 384–393, 2001
Colour‐difference evaluation using CRT colours. Part II: Parametric effects
Authors: Cui Guihua , Luo M. Ronnier , Rigg B. , Li Wei 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA large set of colour discrimination data based upon cathode ray tube (CRT) colours was accumulated and described in Part I of this article. The experiment was divided into 16 different phases according to different viewing parameters studied: sample size (large and small), background (mid‐gray, white, black, gray, red, yellow, green, and blue), frame (black and no frame), and width (no gap, 1‐pixel, 2‐pixel, and large gap) and colour (mid‐gray and black) of separations between pairs of samples. This part of the article investigates the changes of perceived colour differences caused by these variables. In addition, investigations were made to find the results from which phase agree best with results for surface colours. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 403–412, 2001
Cognitive therapy for auditory hallucinations as an alternative to antipsychotic medication: A case series
Authors: Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAntipsychotic medication is the main focus of current treatment approaches to schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms. However, there are some disadvantages to such treatments including side‐effects, non‐response and non‐compliance. Cognitive behavioural interventions have been employed successfully as an adjunct to medication, and two case studies suggest that such interventions can be of benefit to patients as an alternative to antipsychotic medication. Four patients received cognitive therapy for auditory hallucinations as an alternative to antipsychotic medication and were assessed weekly used a semi‐structured interview that quantifies dimensions of psychotic symptoms. Measurements occurred over a two week baseline period, during intervention and at follow‐up. Three of the four patients seemed to find the treatment acceptable. Two patients achieved significant decreases in conviction, distress and frequency. Cognitive therapy may be a useful alternative to medication for auditory hallucinations. A more controlled evaluation is required. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.