bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Related mRNA POU5F1: A Novel Predictive Marker in Preeclampsia
Authors: Yang Mei , Wang Menghui , Li Nanfang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Owing to the poor understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, an effective treatment forpreeclampsia is unavailable. Thus, accurate prediction of preeclampsia continues to be a clinical and research priority. The purpose of our study was to explore whether significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the blood circulation of preeclampsia patients can predict the development of disease and explain the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Methods: First, the microarray dataset GSE48424 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to identify the DEGs. Functional enrichment analyses were performed by the R package. A protein‒protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed, and module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. R language was used for the visualization of the results. GraphPad Prism was used to generate graphs. logFC (fold change) >0.58 and adj. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 178 DEGs were obtained, consisting of 121 downregulated genes and 57 upregulated genes. Five tumor-related hub genes were identified and considered to be significant according to scores calculated by Cytoscape. Receiver operating (ROC) curves were generated for diagnosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to verify the expression levels of the hub genes.
Conclusion: POU5F1 may be a key tumor-related mRNA in the pathogenesis of
preeclampsia. Thisstudy may provide a theoretical and experimental basis for revealing the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and improving the diagnosis of preeclampsia.
Microbial Isolates and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Adults with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Comprehensive Analysis of Sputum Cultures
Authors: Karabiber Esra , Özen Ahmet 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are prone to infections, especially in the respiratory tract. They frequently receive prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat infections, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to identify respiratory pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.
Methods
We collected clinical and demographic data from adult IEI patients. We included patients with available positive sputum cultures between 2014 and 2023. Data from electronic health records covered hospitalizations, respiratory infections (especially pneumonia), yearly antibiotic prescriptions, past sputum cultures, and antibiotic sensitivities.
Results
We analyzed 314 positive sputum cultures from 36 IEI patients. Patients had a median age of 23.5 years (range: 21-29.5), with 61% being male. The most common bacterial isolates were Haemophilus influenzae (159 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (51 isolates), and Streptococcus pneumonia (29 isolates). We recorded 992 symptomatic exacerbations (averaging 3.04 per patient per month) necessitating antibiotic treatment, along with 43 pneumonia-related hospitalizations. Haemophilus influenzae showed high resistance rates to cefuroxime (82%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (66%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (59%), and ampicillin/sulbactam (49%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed significant resistance to ciprofloxacin (85%), ceftazidime (42%), and aminoglycosides (23–33%). All Streptococcus pneumonia isolates were tetracycline-resistant, and high resistance rates were observed for penicillin (95.6%), clindamycin (92.3%), and erythromycin (89.6%). It's essential to highlight the substantial resistance of common pathogens to oral antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, cefuroxime, clindamycin, and erythromycin.
Conclusion
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern among vulnerable IEI patients. We suggest conducting similar investigations in other regions to address this issue. The findings should inform future infection management guidelines for IEIs.
Overexpression of PavbHLH28 from Prunus avium enhances tolerance to cold stress in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Cao Xuejiao , Wen Zhuang , Shen Tianjiao , Cai Xiaowei , Hou Qiandong , Shang Chunqiong , Qiao Guang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. It plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and abiotic stress response.
Results
In this study, we determined that PavbHLH28 gene participated in cold resistance. The PavbHLH28 gene was located in the nucleus and could be induced by low temperature. Under the treatment of ABA, PEG, and GA3, the transcript level of PavbHLH28 was affected. At low temperature, overexpression of the PavbHLH28 gene enhanced the cold resistance of plants with higher proline content, lower electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Compared with the WT plants, the transgenic plants accumulate less reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity and expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased. The expression of proline synthesis enzyme genes was up-regulated, and the transcripts levels of degradation genes were significantly down-regulated. The transcripts abundance of the cold stressed-related genes in the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway were not significantly different between WT plants and transgenic plants after cold stress. Moreover, the PavbHLH28 can directly bind to the POD2 gene promoter and promote its gene expression.
Conclusions
Overall, PavbHLH28 enhanced cold resistance of transgenic plants through a CBF-independent pathway, which may be partly related to ROS scavenging.
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms and scales for estimating boreal forest above ground biomass in the Qilian Mountains, China
Authors: Song Jie , Duan XueJiao , Wu Jun , Ma Biao , Liu Xuelu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Accurate and up-to-date maps of the aboveground biomass (AGB) of boreal forests have become the key to global climate change research in recent years. Although Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) data is a powerful tool for forest AGB estimation, the data coverage dispersion often means they need to be combined with auxiliary data to map wall-to-wall forest AGB distribution. Exploring the proper estimation approach and mapping scale for estimating boreal forest AGB distribution is critical. In this study, four machine learning algorithms (XGBoost, LightGBM, SVR and RF) and four mapping scales (15 × 15, 30 × 30, 60 × 60 and 90 × 90 m) are compared regarding their ability to estimate the AGB of boreal forest over the Qilian Mountains in northwestern China based on field measurements, spaceborne LiDAR and optical and environmental data. The results showed that the two GBDT AGB models (XGBoost and LightGBM) had better performance in AGB estimation and the LightGBM AGB model yielded superior results (R2 = 0.41, RMSE = 19.40Mg/ha). The results also indicated that 90 × 90 m was the best resolution for the AGB distribution map in this region. Moreover, an appropriate mapping scale can further improve the accuracy of AGB estimation.
Magnitude and Factors Associated with Undernutrition Among Children on Antiretroviral Therapy in the East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Shibiru Tesfaye , Arulandhu Anthonisamy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Insufficient food intake and infectious diseases cause undernutrition. Undernutrition in children is a severe public health issue globally, especially in low-resource areas. Among the most vulnerable to these challenges, children affected by HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia are at risk of undernutrition, which links to increased child morbidity and mortality. Despite the significance of the issues, there is no report in the East Wollega Zone of Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the magnitude and determinants of undernutrition among children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the east Wollega zone of Ethiopia.
Methods: From June to July 2022, a survey was carried out in the East Wollega Zone of Ethiopia to collect the data. The study sample comprised 380 children aged ≤ 15 years who were being treated with ART. A systematic questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to collect the data. Epi data 3.1 and SPSS version 26.0 was used for the input data, and data analysis respectively. The relationship between independent variables and undernutrition was identified using logistic regression analysis.
Results:The study revealed that the magnitude of undernutrition (WFH <-2 Z-score) was 36.8% with a 95% CI (32.1, 41.8). Having acute disease two weeks before the survey (AOR = 5.82, 95% CI: 2.86, 11.84), CD4 level (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.25), treating water at home (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.8, 6.05), duration of follow-up (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.47), food insecurity (AOR = 3.55, 95% CI: 2.03, 6.19), and latrine unavailability (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.39, 5.36) were statistically significant associations with undernutrition among children with ART.
Conclusions: The magnitude of undernutrition is a significant problem among pediatric populations affected by HIV/AIDS in the eastern Wollega zone of Ethiopia. The factors associated with undernutrition include acute disease, low CD4 levels, non-treated water at home, duration of follow-up, food insecurity, and latrine unavailability. Public health facilities should implement measures to address these factors to improve the dietary status of children living with HIV/AIDS.
Osmotic Demyelination syndrome after presumed coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: A case report
Authors: Wang Wenying , Liu Jinjing , Gao Changyue , Li Yong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare and rapidly progressive metabolic demyelinating disease with poor prognosis. This article describes a case of a 61-year-old female who had a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 10 days prior to the onset of symptoms. The patient presented with fever, poor appetite, vomiting and gradually developed consciousness impairment. Based on the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, a diagnosis of ODS was made, with both central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis observed. After receiving treatment with dexamethasone, nutritional support and systemic rehabilitation, the patient's consciousness improved and speech,swallowing and limb strength all improved. Here we report, the human case linking a presumed SARS-CoV-2 infection to the development of ODS.
Can Human Brain Connectivity explain Verbal Working Memory?
Authors: Carriere Maxime , Tomasello Rosario , Pulvermüller Friedemann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Humans are able to learn and use a broad range of words and other symbols, whereas Monkeys are limited to acquiring small vocabularies of signs, including sounds and gestures. Although evolutionary changes on network architecture and connectivity features within the left-perisylvian regions has been reported, their functional contribution on symbol formation and verbal working memory are poorly understood.Methods: Here, we used brain-constrained neural network of the frontotemporal and occipital cortices mimicking key neuroanatomical distinctions between human and non-human primates.Results: Our comparative analysis of models shows that the human model, characterized by denser inter-area connectivity, gives rise to larger cell assemblies with distinct semantic-specific topography compared to the less densely connected monkey models. Additionally, by simulating auditory word recognition, we observed the emergence of verbal working memory by longer neural reverberation activity in the human architecture compared to those of monkeys. Interestingly, these observations are consistent across different model types, including a basic meanfield and a spiking neural model.Conclusions: These findings shed light on the structural underpinnings of human-specific verbal working memory, a crucial feature for the acquisition of an expansive vocabulary.
Agent-based modelling of commuting patterns in Geneva, Switzerland, towards portraying urban expansion and land cover changes.
Authors: Chambers Flann , Cruz Christophe , Serugendo Giovanna Di Marzo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Agent-based modelling has been used in many studies of urban expansion, land use and land cover change patterns. Indeed, this method represents a powerful tool for depicting and formulating predictions about the evolution of interconnected complex systems. We present an agent-based model developed in GAMA for analysing commuting patterns in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, and fully document our modelling methodology, to provide inspiration and a materials and methodology basis for future modelling efforts. All datasets and codes related to this work are distributed in open access, and a general methodology for adapting the model to other use cases is discussed. Main findings revolve around the analysis of the impact of public transportation offer changes on journey by tram length. With our given set of initial conditions, when decreasing tram offer on the major Cornavin-Meyrin-CERN axis, journey-to-work length skyrockets for a handful of commuters. This phenomenon is correlated with an observed increase in overcrowded trams in the system. Furthermore, increasing tram offer alongside the emergence of a new large eco-district helps dampen the steady increase in journey length caused by the influx of new commuters and the saturation of the network. The model presented in this paper is early work in developing agent-based models for simulating urban expansion and land cover change dynamics.
Memory loss induced by lisdexamphetamine in the rat: A Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Histopathological Study
Authors: Nourirad Seyedeh Naghmeh , Bayat Amir-Hossein , Sani Mojtaba , Beirami Amirreza , Hasanzadeh Maral , Moghaddam Meysam Hassani , Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Parvardeh Siavash , Meftahi Gholam Hossein , Sarahian Nahid , Khodagholi Fariba , Aliaghaei Abbas , Abbaszadeh Hojjat-Allah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lisdexamphetamine (LDX) is one of the drugs commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, its neurological side effects, particularly on cognition, are not fully understood. The present study focused on memory in rats treated with LDX. We compared them with controls in terms of behavioral responses and electrophysiological and histological properties in the hippocampus. Almost all behavioral results showed the destructive properties of LDX. Although LDX did not alter population spike (PS) amplitude, it increased the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope of evoked potentials of LTP components. The number of microglia and astrocytes increased significantly in the LDX group. Sholl analysis showed increased soma size and total process length in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia. Taken together, LDX may disrupt memory-related variables. However, more research is needed to clarify this.
Using fragmenting enchytraeid species in ecotoxicological tests: regeneration as a new endpoint
Authors: Assis Orlando , Niva Cintia C. , Brown George G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Enchytraeids (potworms) are widely distributed oligochaetes highly useful as bioindicators of soil quality and for ecotoxicological tests to assess non-target effects of contaminants. However, the standard and most widely-used species (Enchytraeus albidusandEnchytraeus crypticus) are not well representative of potworms living in agricultural soils subjected to pesticide use in temperate and tropical regions. Fragmenting species likeEnchytraeus bigeminusmay be more ecologically relevant, and their rapid reproduction mode (fragmentation) may reduce assay time, offering faster and more economical results. In the present study we provide first results of ecotoxicological tests using the reference substance Boric Acid and the regeneration ofE. begeminusfragments as a new end-point. Decreases in regeneration after 7 days exposure were observed with higher concentrations of boric acid and EC50 value was 9.12 mg kg-1. Regeneration was easily visible and rapidly assessed using a Ludox® and white paint solution, making this fragmenting species and endpoint particularly interesting for further standardization efforts.
Relationships between psychological capital, professional commitment, and academic burnout among nursing students: A cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Kong Chang , Wang Jinfang , Chen Dongfeng , Li Yan , Qin Yuting , Li Na 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: College students generally experience academic burnout, seriously affecting their normal learning as well as physical and mental well-being. This paper aims to examine the level of academic burnout among nursing students from traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) universities, and to determine whether professional commitmentacts as a mediator between psychological capital and academic burnout.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used convenience sampling to recruit 733 voluntary student participants from a four-year undergraduate nursing program at a TCM university in Shandong Province, China, from April to June 2020. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires online. The mediating role of professional commitment was evaluated using the bootstrap method.
Results: Psychological capitaland professional commitmenthad a significantly negative correlation academic burnout (both p < 0.01), and psychological capital was positively related to professional commitment (p < 0.01). Additionally, psychological capital and academic burnout were partially mediated by professional commitment (b = -0.223, 95% Confidence Interval = -0.282–0.168).
Conclusions: It was found that psychological capitaland professional commitment contribute to reducing academic burnout, while psychological capitalenhances professional commitment. Moreover, professional commitment was a mediator between psychological capital and academic burnout. Thus, Effective strategies should be implemented to strengthen psychological capital and professional commitment and alleviate academic burnout.
Witbier craft beer with added acerola pulp (Malpighia emarginata): characterization and analysis
Authors: de Sousa Cecila Leal , Costa Lilian Suelane Maia da , Ferreira Lorena Pereira , Silva Karita Juliana Sousa , Azevedo Marcia Mourão Ramos , Bressan Cléo Rodrigo , Gul Kashif , Malik Sumeet , Taube Paulo Sérgio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work was to produce and evaluate the quality of craft beers of the Witbier type, with different levels of acerola pulp (Malpighia emarginata) added. The production process involved milling, mashing, boiling, and adding hops, coriander, and acerola pulp, followed by yeast inoculation, fermentation, carbonation, bottling, and maturation. The physical-chemical analyses carried out included soluble solids content, pH, total acidity, dry matter, mineral matter, foam stability, color, determination of phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and acceptability testing. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four repetitions, namely T1, T2, T3, and T4, with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) of pulp inclusion, respectively. The addition of acerola resulted in beers with higher acidity and lower pH, a higher percentage of mineral matter, and more stable foam. There were no significant differences in the dry matter and flavonoid content between the beers. The antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content increased linearly with the increase in acerola concentration.
Molecular epidemiology of the HIV-1 epidemic in Fiji
Authors: Sudhakar Atlesh , Wilson Donald , Devi Rachel , Balak Dashika Anshu , Singh Jenni , Tuidraki Kesaia , Gaunavinaka Lavenia , Turuva Waisale , Naivalu Taina , Lawley Blair , Tay John H , Giallonardo Francesca , Duchene Sebastian , Geoghegan Jemma L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Very little is known about the HIV-1 epidemic in Fiji, nor the wider South Pacific region more generally, yet new reported HIV-1 infections are on the rise. As of 2023, there are an estimated 2,000 cases of HIV-1 in Fiji with heterosexual contact the primary route of transmission. In this study, we used a molecular epidemiological approach to better understand the genetic diversity of the HIV-1 epidemic in Fiji and reveal patterns of viral transmission. Between 2020 and 2021, venous blood samples were collected from people who had previously been diagnosed with HIV-1. We generated molecular data from 53 infections, representing ~ 2–3% of reported cases, to identify HIV-1 subtypes and determine the outbreak’s trajectory. Among the 53 HIV-1 cases, we used Bayesian inference to estimate six separate introductions with at least two of these introductions leading to sustained transmission forming large, nation-wide clusters of HIV-1 subtype C. We found that since the introduction of public health interventions circa 2014, the effective reproductive number, Re, decreased among the major clusters identified from an average of 2.4 to just below 1. Molecular epidemiological analysis suggested that public health efforts aimed at decreasing the spread of the disease were at least somewhat effective. Nevertheless, with a recent rise in reported HIV-1 cases, this study demonstrates the utility of molecular data to inform a more targeted public health approach for controlling its spread.
A nonhuman primate model with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by hippocampal overexpression of human tau
Authors: Jiang Zhouquan , Wang Jing , Luo Bin , Bai Fan , Qin Yongpeng , Wei Huiyi , Zhang Shaojuan , Wei Junjie , Ding Guoyu , Ma Long , He Shu , Chen Rongjie , Wang Lu , Xu Hao , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Gong , Lei Wenliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most burdening diseases of the century with no disease-modifying treatment at this time. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) share genetic, anatomical and physiological similarities with humans, making them ideal model animals for investigating the pathogenesis of AD and potential therapies. However, the use of NHPs in AD research has been hindered by the paucity of AD monkey models due to their long generation time, ethical considerations and technical challenges in genetically modifying monkeys.Methods Here, we developed an AD-like NHP model by overexpressing human tau in the bilateral hippocampi of adult rhesus macaque monkeys. We evaluated the pathological features of these monkeys with immunostaining, Nissl staining, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and behavioural tests.Results We demonstrated that after hippocampal overexpression of human tau, these monkeys displayed multiple pathological features of AD, including 3-repeat (3R)/4-repeat (4R) tau accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, tau propagation, neuronal loss, hippocampal atrophy, neuroinflammation, Aβ clearance deficits, blood vessel damage and cognitive decline. More interestingly, the accumulation of both 3R and 4R tau is specific to NHPs and is not found in adult rodents.Conclusions This work establishes a human tau-induced AD-like NHP model with many key pathological and behavioural features of AD. In addition, our model may potentially become one of the AD NHP models most widely adopted by researchers worldwide since it can be generated within 2 ~ 3 months through a single injection of AAVs into the monkey brains. Hence our model NHPs may facilitate mechanistic studies and therapeutic treatments for AD.