bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in the use of and indications for colorectal procedures in Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Cooper Gregory S. , Koroukian Siran M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfrican Americans are diagnosed more frequently with colorectal carcinoma at a later stage compared with Caucasians. One potential reason for the disparity is a lower rate of screening examinations.METHODSUsing Outpatient and Physician‐Supplier claims for all Medicare beneficiaries age ≥ 65 years in 1999, indications for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema were divided into diagnostic, surveillance, or screening categories. Annualized rates were calculated based on the number of eligible fee‐for‐service months.RESULTSRates of FOBT (18.24% vs. 11.86%; P < 0.001) and sigmoidoscopy (3.07% vs. 2.17%; P < 0.001) were higher in Caucasians compared with African Americans, whereas rates of barium enema were higher in African Americans (2.26% vs. 1.88%; P < 0.001). Colonoscopy use was more frequent among men only in Caucasians compared with African‐Americans (8.00% vs. 6.97%; P < 0.001). For FOBT, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy, the racial differences in procedures performed for diagnostic purposes were of smaller magnitude than for screening; and, for colonoscopy, the use of diagnostic procedures actually was higher for African Americans.CONCLUSIONSRacial disparities exist not only in the use of colorectal procedures but also in the indications for such testing, with African Americans less likely to undergo screening tests. The differences are consistent with delay in ;100:418–24. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Polymorphous Silicon Films Deposited at 27.12 MHz
Authors: Martins R. , Águas H. , Ferreira I. , Fortunato E. , Lebib S. , Roca i Cabarrocas P. , Guimarães L. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper describes, for the first time, a method of producing polymorphous silicon (pm‐Si:H) films by plasma‐enhanced (PE) CVD, using an excitation frequency of 27.12  MHz. The aim is to produce, at high growth rates, nanostructured films that are more stable than the conventional amorphous or polymorphous silicon films grown by PECVD at 13.56  MHz. The processing data show that, at 27.12  MHz, the pm‐Si:H films are produced close to the transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon films, at a growth rate of about 0.3  nm s–1, using pressures above 160  Pa. Apart from that, the analysis of the exodiffusion, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and micro Raman data reveal that these films are more dense and compact than the polymorphous films grown at 13.56  MHz.
Growth of Hafnium Dioxide Thin Films by Liquid‐Injection MOCVD Using Alkylamide and Hydroxylamide Precursors
Authors: Williams P.A. , Jones A.C. , Tobin N.L. , Chalker P.R. , Taylor S. , Marshall P.A. , Bickley J.F. , Smith L.M. , Davies H.O. , Critchlow G.W. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThin films of HfO2 have been deposited by liquid‐injection metal–organic (MO)CVD using two nitrogen‐containing precursors [Hf(NMe2)4] and [Hf(ONEt2)4]. The [Hf(NMe2)4] precursor deposits oxide at lower growth temperatures and over a wider temperature range than [Hf(ONEt2)4]. Varying levels of residual carbon and nitrogen were detected in the films grown from each precursor. Analysis by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that films grown from both precursors exist predominantly in the thermodynamically stable monoclinic phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the morphology of the HfO2 films from each precursor is markedly different, with films deposited from [Hf(NMe2)4] having a well‐defined columnar crystalline structure, whereas films grown from [Hf(ONEt2)4] are smoother with little evidence of columnar structure. Full crystal structure data for [Hf(NMe2)4] are given, and the dielectric properties of [Al/HfO2/n‐Si(100)] MOS capacitors, fabricated using each precursor, are also reported.
Autobiographical memories in patients treated for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Laberg Stine , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjective:Previous research has shown that individuals suffering from depression and other emotional disorders such as post‐traumatic stress disorder and delusional disorder have difficulties being specific in autobiographical memory. The aim of this study was to investigate autobiographical memories in patients treated for bulimia nervosa.Method:A sample of 18 women recently treated for bulimia nervosa were tested using the Autobiographical Memory Test.Results:Results showed that bulimic patients had difficulty retrieving specific memories, and retrieved an excess of categoric memories. Bulimic patients also had longer response latencies to both positive and negative cue words than a control group of 18 matched women without any history of eating disorder. There was little relation between severity of depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and specificity in autobiographical memory.Discussion:Findings suggest that persistent memory biases could be worth considering in the treatment of bulimic patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Binge eating disorder and non‐purging bulimia: more similar than different?
Authors: Vervaet M. , van Heeringen C. , Audenaert K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThere is evidence of an overlap of symptoms between binge‐eating disordered (BED) and bulimia nervosa non‐purging (BN‐NP) patients. In addition, there are indications of an evolution from bulimia nervosa to BED along a continuum of vulnerability. However, DSM‐IV categorizes BED and BN‐NP as distinct disorders based on clinical characteristics. In this study weight history and personality‐related characteristics (TCI; Cloninger, Svrakic, & Przybeck, 1993) were studied in 30 BED and 17 BN‐NP patients. BED patients were older, and had a longer duration of illness, a larger weight cycling, a higher current and previous BMI and a lower score for the temperament dimension ‘Persistence’ than BN‐NP patients. After correcting for age, differences between weight variables remained, including comparatively higher BMIs and larger weight fluctuations among the BED patients. A possible explanation is that this difference is due to a genetic effect of the propensity to be overweight and the temperamental characteristic of Persistence. This ‘morbid’ starting position and the lack of controlling mechanisms are associated with a more trait‐ than state‐dependent condition. Thus, restrained eating is not to be regarded as eliciting bingeing in BED patients. Due to personality characteristics these patients are not able to restrain, which clearly differentiates them from BN‐NP patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Coping style and vulnerability to eating disorders in adolescent boys
Authors: García‐Grau Eugeni , Fusté Adela , Miró Anna , Saldaña Carmina , Bados Arturo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to analyse the relationship between coping styles and the predisposition to eating disorders in a sample of adolescent boys. The sample comprised 171 males (mean age 15.74 years) and the questionnaires used were the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2) and the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS). The results indicated that self‐blame, a scale of the dimension intropunitive avoidance, characterized by self‐blaming excessively in the face of problems, was the strategy most closely linked to the predisposition to eating disorders. This scale accounted for 18 per cent of the variance of the total score of the EDI‐2, 11 per cent of the drive for thinness and 10 per cent of the body dissatisfaction. Several hypotheses are presented in an attempt to account for the differences between the results of this study and those obtained by studies carried out with adolescent girls. Finally, the need for prevention programmes for adolescents, in particular in groups at risk, is emphasized. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS): profiles of clients presenting at a community eating disorder service
Authors: Turner Hannah , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectiveA substantial proportion of eating disorder presentations receive a DSM‐IV diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), yet research comparing EDNOS with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) is limited. The aim of this study was to further investigate EDNOS in clients at a UK Community Eating Disorder Service.MethodThe Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) was used to generate DSM‐IV diagnoses. Clinical profiles of EDNOS clients are compared with those of patients with AN and BN and cluster analysis used to identify subgroups based on presenting features rather than diagnosis.Results190 of 200 participants had a clinical eating disorder: 11 had AN, 45 had BN, 134 had EDNOS. Cluster analysis suggested four subgroups within the clinical sample: three with similar cognitive psychopathology but varied behavioural presentation, and one with less severe cognitive and behavioural features, but low mean BMI.DiscussionThese results highlight the need for further investigation into EDNOS and its usefulness as a diagnosis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Strict versus lenient weight criterion in anorexia nervosa
Authors: McIntosh Virginia V. W. , Jordan Jennifer , Carter Frances A. , McKenzie Janice M. , Luty Suzanne E. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Joyce Peter R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe present study evaluates the current BMI cut‐off for diagnosing anorexia nervosa. Physical state, eating disorder and general psychopathology were compared in two groups diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, using ‘strict’ or ‘lenient’ weight criteria (above or below the generally accepted BMI cut‐off of 17.5 kg/m2). Individuals in the lenient group had a higher percentage body fat and a greater discrepancy between current and ideal body weight, but there were no differences between the two groups on other body image measures. The strict group had met criteria for strict anorexia nervosa for a greater proportion of the past 5 years, but there was no difference in the number of months with anorexia nervosa. On all other variables, the two groups were indistinguishable. These results challenge the cut‐off of BMI 17.5 kg/m2 in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Trends in the literature on eating disorders over 36 years (1965‐2000): terminology, interpretation and treatment
Authors: Theander Sten S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA database with more than 14 700 references to articles on ED during 1965–2000 was analysed with the aim of identifying long‐term and short‐term trends in the literature. The main data of the analysis are the percentages of references per 6‐year period or per year for the most recent 6 years, that contain certain words or phrases. The use of words in references should reflect changes in the content of the scientific papers. Trends over time have been noted in the use of terms on diagnostics, personality, comorbidity, psychotherapy, epidemiology, biology and course of illness. The use of words on psychoanalysis has diminished, while the use of	biological words has increased. The discussion concerns the use of bibliographic methods and especially the general problems of using data from digital databases as a research tool in the search for trends in the development of a medical field. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Disgust and disgust sensitivity in bulimia nervosa: an fMRI study
Authors: Schienle Anne , Stark Rudolf , Schäfer Axel , Walter Bertram , Kirsch Peter , Vaitl Dieter 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis study attempted to demonstrate an elevated disgust sensitivity in bulimia nervosa. Eleven bulimic patients and 12 control subjects underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which they were presented with alternating blocks of 40 disgust‐inducing, 40 fear‐inducing and 40 affectively neutral scenes. Each scene was shown for 1.5 s. After completion of all blocks, affective ratings were then determined. The viewing of the disgusting pictures, which had been rated as highly repulsive by the bulimic females, was associated with an activation of the left amygdala and the occipito‐temporal visual cortex. The subjective and brain‐physiological responses did not differ from those of the healthy control subjects. This held true for the fear‐inducing scenes as well. Thus, bulimic patients are not characterized by an increased global disgust sensitivity and they do not show any indication of an altered central processing of generally disgust and fear‐inducing visual stimuli. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Switching asymmetric GARCH and options on a volatility index
Authors: Daouk Hazem , Guo Jie Qun 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFew proposed types of derivative securities have attracted as much attention and interest as option contracts
on volatility. Grunbichler and Longstaff (1996) is the only study that proposes a model to value
options written on a volatility index. Their model, which is based on modeling volatility as a GARCH process,
does not take into account the switching regime and asymmetry properties of volatility. We show that the
Grunbichler and Longstaff (1996) model underprices a three‐month option by about 10%. A
Switching Regime Asymmetric GARCH is used to model the generating process of security returns. The comparison
between the switching regime model and the traditional uni‐regime model among GARCH, EGARCH, and
GJR‐GARCH demonstrates that a switching regime EGARCH model fits the data best. Next, the values of
European call options written on a volatility index are computed using Monte Carlo integration. When comparing
the values of the option based on the Switching Regime Asymmetric GARCH model and the traditional GARCH
specification, it is found that the option values obtained from the different processes are very different. This
clearly shows that the Grunbichler‐Longstaff model is too stylized to be used in pricing derivatives on a
volatility index. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:251–282, 2004
Natural gas prices and the gas storage report: Public news and volatility in energy futures markets
Authors: Linn Scott C. , Zhu Zhen 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis study examines the short‐term volatility of natural gas prices through an examination of the
intraday prices of the nearby natural gas futures contract traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The
influence on volatility of what many regard as a key element of the information set influencing the natural gas
market is investigated. Specifically, we examine the impact on natural gas futures price volatility of the
Weekly American Gas Storage Survey report compiled and issued by the American Gas Association during the period
January 1, 1999 through May 3, 2002 and the subsequent weekly report compiled and issued by the U.S. Energy
Information Administration after May 6, 2002. We find that the weekly gas storage report announcement was
responsible for considerable volatility at the time of its release and that volatility up to 30 minutes
following the announcement was also higher than normal. Aside from these results, we document pronounced price
volatility in this market both at the beginning of the day and at the end of the day and offer explanations for
such behavior. Our results are robust to the manner in which the mean percentage change in the futures price is
estimated and to correlation of these changes both within the day and across days. © 2004 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:283–313, 2004
Common risk factors in the U.S. and UK interest rate swap markets: Evidence from a nonlinear vector autoregression approach
Authors: Lekkos Ilias , Milas Costas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper produces evidence in support of the existence of common risk factors in the U.S. and UK interest
rate swap markets. Using a multivariate smooth transition autoregression (STVAR) framework, we show
that the dynamics of the U.S. and UK swap spreads are best described by a regime‐switching model. We
identify the existence of two distinct regimes in U.S. and UK swap spreads; one is characterized by a
“flat” term structure of U.S. interest rates and the other is characterized by an
“upward” sloping U.S. term structure. In addition, we show that there exist significant asymmetries
on the impact of the common risk factors on the U.S. and UK swap spreads. Shocks to UK oriented risk factors
have a strong effect on the U.S. swap markets during the “flat” slope regime but a very limited
effect otherwise. On the other hand, U.S. risk factors have a significant impact on the UK swap markets in both
regimes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:221–250, 2004
Cholestasis shuts down calcium signaling in cholangiocytes
Authors: Martin Juliette , Dufour Jean-François , Jaeschke Hartmut , Mullen Kevin , Moradpour Darius 
Published: January 2004

Abstract

Background & Aims:
Cholestasis is one of the principal manifestations of liver disease and often results from disorders involving bile duct epithelia rather than hepatocytes. A range of disorders affects biliary epithelia, and no unifying pathophysiologic event in these cells has been identified as the cause of cholestasis. Here we examined the role of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R)/Ca(2+) release channel in Ca(2+) signaling and ductular secretion in animal models of cholestasis and in patients with cholestatic disorders. Methods: The expression and distribution of the InsP3R and related proteins were examined in rat cholangiocytes before and after bile duct ligation or treatment with endotoxin. Ca(2+) signaling was examined in isolated bile ducts from these animals, whereas ductular bicarbonate secretion was examined in isolated perfused livers. Confocal immunofluorescence was used to examine cholangiocyte InsP3R expression in human liver biopsy specimens. Results: Expression of the InsP3R was selectively lost from biliary epithelia after bile duct ligation or endotoxin treatment. As a result, Ca(2+) signaling and Ca(2+)-mediated bicarbonate secretion were lost as well, although other components of the Ca(2+) signaling pathway and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated bicarbonate secretion both were preserved. Examination of human liver biopsy specimens showed that InsP3Rs also were lost from bile duct epithelia in a range of human cholestatic disorders, although InsP3R expression was intact in noncholestatic liver disease. Conclusions: InsP3R-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in bile duct epithelia appears to be important for normal bile secretion in the liver, and loss of InsP3Rs may be a final common pathway for cholestasis.
Commentary: Clinical diagnostic use of cystatin C
Authors: Massey Davis 
Published: January 2004

AbstractClinicians recognize and compensate for limitations in estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using serum creatinine (sCr) measurements by the use of timed collections and mathematical manipulations of sCr. These limitations stem from that fact that sCr is affected by nonrenal influences, including muscle mass and disease state. In addition, sCr may not be sensitive enough to detect minimal declines in GFR in those patient populations in which it is important to recognize early decline. This brief review describes the limitations of sCr, and examines the contribution that sCysC may be able to make in the early recognition of declining renal function. The physiology of CysC is presented, as are the results of clinical investigations that suggest sCysC is in many instances superior to sCr in the recognition of early decline in renal function. Certain exceptions to this are noted. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:55–60, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene transfer and genetic modification of embryonic stem cells by Cre‐ and Cre‐PR‐expressing MESV‐based retroviral vectors
Authors: Psarras Stelios , Karagianni Niki , Kellendonk Christoph , Tronche François , Cosset François‐Loic , Stocking Carol , Schirrmacher Volker , Boehmer Harald von , Khazaie Khashayarsha 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundGenetic modification of embryonic stem (ES) cells represents a powerful tool for transgenic and developmental experiments. We report that retroviral constructs based on murine embryonal stem cell virus (MESV) can efficiently deliver and express Cre recombinase or a post‐translationally inducible Cre‐Progesterone receptor (Cre.PR) fusion in mouse fibroblasts and ES cells.MethodsTo study the vectors a sensitive reporter cell line, 3TZ, was derived from the murine 3T6 fibroblast line that expresses β‐galactosidase only upon Cre‐mediated recombination. This was used together with the ROSA26‐R ES cell Cre‐reporter system or unmodified mouse ES cells as targets of infection. Efficiency of gene transfer was evaluated immunohistochemically by the use of an anti‐Cre polyclonal antibody, and by monitoring the expression of β‐galactosidase.ResultsInfection of the 3TZ cells with high titer 718C or 719CP virus revealed efficient gene transduction of constitutive or hormone‐inducible recombinase activity, respectively. The vectors efficiently transduced murine ES cells with Cre, Cre‐PR (fusion of Cre and progesterone receptor) or β‐galactosidase. Cre‐mediated recombination in more than 60% of ROSA26‐R ES cells was achieved when infected by a VSV‐G‐pseudotyped MESV retrovirus at MOI of 50.ConclusionsThe MESV‐based retroviral systems, when combined with hormone inducible Cre, represent efficient tools for the transfer of Cre activity in ES cells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence‐specific gene silencing in murine muscle induced by electroporation‐mediated transfer of short interfering RNA
Authors: Kishida Tsunao , Asada Hidetsugu , Gojo Satoshi , Ohashi Suzuyo , Shin‐Ya Masaharu , Yasutomi Kakei , Terauchi Ryu , Takahashi Kenji A. , Kubo Toshikazu , Imanishi Jiro , Mazda Osam 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundPost‐genomic biomedical research requires efficient techniques for functional analyses of poorly characterized genes in living organisms. Sequence‐specific gene silencing in mammalian organs may provide valuable information on the physiological and pathological roles of predicted genes in mammalian systems. Here, we attempted targeted gene knockdown in vivo in murine skeletal muscle through the electroporation‐mediated transfer of short interfering RNA (siRNA).MethodssiRNA duplexes corresponding to the firefly luciferase (Luc), green fluorescent protein (GFP), or glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) genes were delivered by electroporation into the tibial muscle of normal or enhanced GFP (EGFP) transgenic mice. Plasmid vectors carrying the Luc, hRluc or β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) reporter genes were also delivered. The Luc and hRluc activities in the muscle lysates were assayed. The EGFP and GAPD expression was detected by fluorescence microscopic observation and RT‐PCR, respectively.ResultsWhen Luc‐specific siRNA was co‐delivered with the Luc expression vector into the tibial muscle, the reporter gene expression was markedly suppressed (less than 1% of the control level) for 5 days. As little as 0.05 µg of siRNA almost completely blocked the reporter gene expression from 10 µg of the plasmid. To examine whether siRNA can also suppress expression of an endogenous gene, transgenic mice carrying the EGFP gene received intramuscular transfection of a mixture of β‐gal plasmid and GFP‐specific siRNA. β‐Gal‐positive cells failed to express detectable levels of EGFP, while EGFP expression was not inhibited in control mice that received nonspecific siRNA. Expression of GAPD was also suppressed by the specific siRNA.ConclusionsThe present system may provide a useful means of phenotypic analysis of genetic information in mammalian organs for basic research as well as therapeutic molecular targeting in the post‐genomic era. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.