bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of genes coding for inflammatory components in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Håkansson Anna , Westberg Lars , Nilsson Staffan , Buervenich Silvia , Carmine Andrea , Holmberg Björn , Sydow Olof , Olson Lars , Johnels Bo , Eriksson Elias , Nissbrandt Hans 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSeveral findings obtained recently indicate that inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic variants of genes coding for components involved in immune reactions in the brain might therefore influence the risk of developing PD or the age of disease onset. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ; T874A in intron 1), interferon‐γ receptor 2 (IFN‐γ R2; Gln64Arg), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10; G1082A in the promoter region), platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH; Val379Ala), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1; Lys469Glu) were genotyped, using pyrosequencing, in 265 patients with PD and 308 controls. None of the investigated SNPs was found to be associated with PD; however, the G1082A polymorphism in the IL‐10 gene promoter was found to be related to the age of disease onset. Linear regression showed a significantly earlier onset with more A‐alleles (P= 0.0095; after Bonferroni correction,P= 0.048), resulting in a 5‐year delayed age of onset of the disease for individuals having two G‐alleles compared with individuals having two A‐alleles. The results indicate that the IL‐10 G1082A SNP could possibly be related to the age of onset of PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
[18F]FDOPA PET and clinical features in parkinsonism due to manganism
Authors: Racette Brad A. , Antenor Jo Ann , McGee‐Minnich Lori , Moerlein Stephen M. , Videen Tom O. , Kotagal Vikas , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractManganese exposure reportedly causes a clinically and pathophysiologically distinct syndrome from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We describe the clinical features and results of positron emission tomography with 6‐[18F]fluorodopa ([18F]FDOPA PET) of a patient with parkinsonism occurring in the setting of elevated blood manganese. The patient developed parkinsonism associated with elevated serum manganese from hepatic dysfunction. [18F]FDOPA PET demonstrated relatively symmetric and severely reduced [18F]FDOPA levels in the posterior putamen compared to controls. The globus pallidum interna had increased signal on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. We conclude that elevated manganese exposure may be associated with reduced striatal [18F]FDOPA uptake, and MRI may reveal selective abnormality within the internal segment of the pallidum. This case suggests that the clinical and pathophysiological features of manganese‐associated parkinsonism may overlap with that of PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A “solvated rotamer” approach to modeling water‐mediated hydrogen bonds at protein–protein interfaces
Authors: Jiang Lin , Kuhlman Brian , Kortemme Tanja , Baker David 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWater‐mediated hydrogen bonds play critical roles at protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interfaces, and the interactions formed by discrete water molecules cannot be captured using continuum solvent models. We describe a simple model for the energetics of water‐mediated hydrogen bonds, and show that, together with knowledge of the positions of buried water molecules observed in X‐ray crystal structures, the model improves the prediction of free‐energy changes upon mutation at protein–protein interfaces, and the recovery of native amino acid sequences in protein interface design calculations. We then describe a “solvated rotamer” approach to efficiently predict the positions of water molecules, at protein–protein interfaces and in monomeric proteins, that is compatible with widely used rotamer‐based side‐chain packing and protein design algorithms. Finally, we examine the extent to which the predicted water molecules can be used to improve prediction of amino acid identities and protein–protein interface stability, and discuss avenues for overcoming current limitations of the approach. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of UV luminescence in sol‐gel prepared ZnO thin films by incorporation of Mg
Authors: Chakrabarti S. , Kar S. , Dev A. , Chaudhuri S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWell‐crystallized MgxZn1–xO films were deposited on quartz substrates by sol‐gel technique with a varia‐ tion of x value from 0 to 0.15. The samples were annealed at different temperatures (500 °C to 700 °C) in air and oxygen atmosphere to study the effect of annealing atmosphere on the luminescence properties of the films. The optical, microstructural and photoluminescence properties of the films were studied. It was found that the band gap of the films increased with increasing Mg concentration (x value). A remarkable change in the photoluminescence spectra of the films for x = 0.05 was observed by varying the annealing atmosphere. Highly intense UV emission at room temperature could be obtained by annealing the Mg0.05Zn0.95O film in static oxygen atmosphere, while the intensity of the visible defect related luminescence could be reduced, resulting in a high intensity ratio (∼100) of the two. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficiency considerations and emerging applications of novel wide band gap luminescent materials
Authors: Yen William M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe discuss in general terms factors which determine the luminescence efficiency of activated wide band gap materials. These processes can be classified into two broad categories: the first, which has been thoroughly studied, entails interactions which lead to non‐radiative dissipation of optical energy at the specific active center. The second set concerns interactions leading to the delocalization and the transport of optical energy away from the originally excited state. Recent spectroscopic results from these studies have allowed the absolute placement of the ground state of luminescent ion series within the band gap of the host crystal and have cast light on the systematics of such placement. These results are relevant to materials which evince the property of persistent phosphorescence. Developments in these materials as well as a number of new applications will be touched upon. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic processes in rare earth activated wide gap materials
Authors: Pédrini Christian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper is a review of charge exchange processes in rare earth doped insulating materials. After a description of experimental approaches for the location of impurity ions in the host gap, charge transfer and photoionization phenomena are presented. Experimental data are discussed and interpreted using simple models. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiphonon processes in impurity centres: nonperturbative theory
Authors: Hizhnyakov V. , Boltrushko V. , Kaasik H. , Shelkan A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA nonperturbative theory of the multiphonon relaxation of a strongly excited local vibration is developed. It is found that for a high initial level, the relaxation first accelerates in time, and later starts to slow down. The experimental evidence of such a non‐monotonous relaxation is given by the hot luminescence in solid Xe. A theory of optical transitions in a center with strongly reduced local springs in the final electronic state is also developed. In this case a resonant increase of the local density of states of low‐frequency phonons takes place, and a low frequency pseudo‐local mode emerges. Appearance of such a mode in the final state means that a strong mode mixing takes place at the transition. This results in strong increase of the mean number of created low‐frequency phonons. As a consequence, the zero‐phonon transition practically disappears and the long‐wave part of the phonon sideband is strongly enhanced, resulting in formation of so‐called lambda‐shaped spectrum. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Point defects in lithium fluoride films for micro‐radiography, X‐ray microscopy and photonic applications
Authors: Bonfigli F. , Faenov A. Ya. , Flora F. , Marolo T. , Montereali R. M. , Nichelatti E. , Pikuz T. A. , Reale L. , Baldacchini G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPoint defects in lithium fluoride (LiF) have recently attracted renewed attention due the exciting results obtained in the realisation of miniaturised optical devices. Among light‐emitting materials, LiF is of particular interest because it is almost not hygroscopic and can host, even at room temperature, stable color centers (CCs) that emit light in the visible and in the near infrared spectral range under optical excitation. The increasing demand for low‐dimensionality photonic devices imposes the use of advanced irradiation methods for producing luminescent structures with high spatial resolution. An innovative irradiation technique to produce luminescent CCs in LiF crystals and films by using an extreme ultra‐violet and soft X‐ray laser‐plasma source will be presented. This technique is capable to induce colored patterns with submicrometric spatial resolution on large areas in a short exposure time as compared with other irradiation methods. Luminescent regular arrays produced by this irradiation technique will be shown. Recently, the idea of using a LiF film as image detector for X‐ray microscopy and micro‐radiography based on optically‐stimulated luminescence from CCs has been developed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of ridge geometry on lateral mode stability of (In/Al)GaN laser diodes
Authors: Schwarz Ulrich T. , Pindl Markus , Sturm Evi , Furitsch Michael , Leber Andreas , Miller Stephan , Lell Alfred , Härle Volker 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAs a contribution to the current intense research efforts on wide band‐gap semiconductor devices which are directed towards the development of commercial blue laser diodes, in this issue's Editor's Choice the optimization of the waveguide structure, to achieve stable laser mode operation, is investigated.The cover picture shows the near‐field intensity distribution of the fundamental and first order lateral modes of a blue (Al,In)GaN laser diode together with the double longitudinal mode comb associated with these modes.The first author, Ulrich T. Schwarz, works on optical spectroscopy, characterization, and simulation of blue laser diodes and LEDs. Apart from semiconductor optoelectronics, the focus of his scientific interest is on modern optics, covering propagation invariant Bessel beams, Ince‐Gaussian beams and optical vortices.
Hyperfine interactions and site occupancy in Sn‐doped In2O3 (ITO)
Authors: Binczycka H. , Uhrmacher M. , Elidrissi‐Moubtassim M. L. , Jumas J.‐C. , Schaaf P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe hyperfine interactions in indium‐tin‐oxide were studied by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. Polycrystalline samples with tin contents from 0.5 to 10 at% Sn on the cation sublattice were measured and compared to the results of 111In and 111mCd Perturbed Angular Correlation measurements. The Mössbauer data demonstrate that Sn ions are in a 4+ state. The values of the quadrupole splitting, isomer shift and area ratios undergo changes when increasing the Sn content. The tin cations show a strong preference for the B site versus the D site. The occupancy of Sn on each of the two non‐equivalent cation sites also harmonizes with neutron diffraction data. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature dependence of structural parameters in the perovskite Na0.74WO3
Authors: Darlington C. N. W. , Hriljac J. A. , Knight K. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNaxWO3 undergoes three phase transitions involving tilting of the oxygen octahedra about 〈100〉 pseudocubic directions. We have measured the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters between 200 and 750 K – a temperature range that spans the three transitions – and determined the evolution of the structure within each phase as temperature changes. The experiments were performed on the high‐resolution powder diffractometer HRPD, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, using time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction. The critical exponent that describes the temperature dependence of the total tilt angle has been evaluated. An unexpected change in the thermal expansion coefficient in the cubic phase is not understood: an argument based on Landau's theory of phase transitions is used to demonstrate that the change is not the result of co‐existence of two phases. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin orbit and tetragonal crystalline field interaction in the valence band of CuInSe2‐related ordered vacancy compound CuIn7Se12
Authors: Philip Rachel Reena , Pradeep B. , Shripathi T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThin films of the off‐tie‐line ordered vacancy compound CuIn7Se12 were deposited on optically flat glass substrates by multi‐source co‐evaporation method. The preliminary structural, compositional and morphological characterizations were done using X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and atomic force microscopy. The X‐ray diffraction data were further analysed applying the Nelson–Riley method and CTB plus η = η experiment rule, respectively, for lattice constants (a = 5.746 Å and c = 11.78 Å) and bond length estimations (RCu–Se = 2.465 Å and RIn–Se = 2.554 Å). A detailed analysis of the optical absorption spectra of the compound, which exhibited a three‐fold optical absorption structure in the fundamental gap region, yielded three characteristic direct energy gaps at 1.37, 1.48(7) and 1.72(8) eV indicative of valence band splitting, which were evaluated using Hopfield's quasi‐cubic model. The 0.04 eV increase in spin–orbit splitting parameter of the compound (0.27 eV) compared to that of CuInSe2 (0.23 eV) is found to be suggestive of the smaller contribution of Cu d orbitals to hybridization (determined by the linear hybridization model) in this Cu‐deficient compound. Spectral response spectra exhibit, in addition to a maximum around 1.34 ± 0.03 eV, two other defect transition peaks near 1.07 and 0.85 eV. The binding energies of Cu, In and Se in the compound were determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NMR study of B‐2p Fermi‐level density of states in the transition metal diborides
Authors: Lue C. S. , Lai W. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe present a systematic study of the AlB2‐type transition metal diborides by measuring the 11B NMR spin‐lattice relaxation rate on TiB2, VB2, ZrB2, NbB2, HfB2, as well as TaB2. For all studied materials, the observed relaxation at B nuclei is mainly due to the p‐electrons. The comparison with theoretical calculations allows the experimental determination of the partial B‐2p Fermi‐level density of states (DOS). In addition, the extracted B‐2p Fermi‐level DOS values in TiB2, ZrB2, and HfB are consistently smaller than in VB2, NbB2, and TaB2. We connect this trend to the rigid‐band scenario raised by band structure calculations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wannier functions and chemical bonding in a slab model: MgO (001) and TiO2 (110) surfaces
Authors: Evarestov R. A. , Smirnov V. P. , Usvyat D. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor the first time Wannier functions are generated for systems with two‐dimensional periodicity (slabs) and used for the surface charge distribution analysis. It is suggested to use bulk Wannier functions to estimate the slab thickness, needed for the convergence of the results. The (001)‐surface of MgO and (110)‐surface of TiO2 crystals are studied. The population analysis of the (001)‐surface slab of MgO, based on Wannier‐type atomic orbitals (WTAOs), demonstrates a purely ionic nature of chemical bonding on the studied crystalline surface. For TiO2 the WTAOs method gives the mixed ionic‐covalent type of chemical bonding on the (110)‐surface with the covalent component at the surface being larger than inside the slab. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Fetal lung volumetry using two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Moeglin D. , Talmant C. , Duyme M. , Lopez A. C. ,   C.F.E.F.
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo compare methods of measuring fetal pulmonary volume and to establish nomograms of fetal pulmonary volume according to gestational age for the accurate diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia.MethodsThree methods of measuring fetal pulmonary volume in 39 normal fetuses were compared: two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound measurement assuming that the lung is a geometrical pyramid, three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound using the VOCAL rotational method, and the conventional multiplanar 3D mode. Linear regression was used to construct an equation for 3D volume calculation from 2D measurements (the re‐evaluated pulmonary volume equation (RPVE)). Lung volume measurements were recorded from 622 singleton fetuses in order to construct nomograms.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the lung volume values obtained using the two 3D modes. However, in comparison with the 2D measurements the volumes obtained were larger (mean difference = 11.99, P < 0.1 × 10−6). The relationship between the 2D and 3D volumes was determined using a statistical linear regression method: RPVE (mL) = 4.24 + (1.53 × 2DGPV), where 2DGPV (2D geometric pulmonary volume) = (surface area right lung base (cm2) + surface area left lung base (cm2)) × 1/3 height right lung (cm). Two nomograms were constructed, one for use with 2D and one for 3D technology.Conclusion2D pulmonary volume assessment can be used in clinical situations where fetal prognosis depends on lung volume and its growth potential. It is routinely available and easy to perform particularly when repeat measurements are required in evaluation of lung growth. We therefore propose this method as an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging or 3D ultrasound. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minority recruitment into the genetic counseling profession
Authors: Smith Stephanie C. , Warren Nancy Steinberg , Misra Lavanya 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the past, genetic counseling training programs have had an abundance of applicants for the number of slots available. They have, however, had a very limited pool of minority applicants. At the June 1992 meeting of the genetic counseling training programs directors the topic of minority recruitment was explored. The resources and recommendations that resulted from this discussion can be used by other medical training programs.
Amniocentesis in sociocultural perspective
Authors: Rapp Rayna 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article reports on an anthropological investigation of the social impact and cultural meaning of amniocentesis conducted in New York City, illustrating how class differences, as well as sociocultural diversity, deeply affect pregnant women's acceptance, rejection, and interpretation of prenatal testing. The article also suggests the importance of recognizing how counselors' cultural backgrounds and styles affect patient‐counselor communications.
Implications of human genome research: Impact on graduate education in genetic counseling
Authors: Biesecker Barbara Bowles , Vockley Catherine Walsh , Conover Elizabeth 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA conference of genetic counseling and clinical nurse specialist graduate program directors was hosted by the National Society of Genetic Counselors and funded by the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Program of the National Center for Human Genome Research in June 1992. One aspect of the conference addressed implications of the Human Genome Initiative for graduate education in genetic counseling. Within this paper, the topics of human variation and diversity, genetic discrimination, issues in non‐directiveness, and genetic screening and policy development are reviewed and recommendations made for graduate curricula development and enhancement. In addition, suggestions are included for practicing genetic counselors.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate: An Ideal Scolicidal Agent in the Treatment of Intraperitoneal Hydatidosis?
Authors: Puryan Kenan , Karadayi Kursat , Topcu Omer , Canbay Emel , Sumer Zeynep , Turan Mustafa , Karayalcin Kaan , Sen Metin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHydatid disease is a parasitic disease that is treated primarily by surgery. The most important complication of surgical treatment is spillage of the contents of the cyst, leading to secondary dissemination. In this study, the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate (Chx‐Glu) was investigated in the treatment of experimental intraperitoneal hydatidosis (IPH). IPH was reproduced in 100 Wistar albino rats by inoculation with 1 ml of a suspension contained approximately 1500 viable protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus following determination of scolicidal activity of chlorhexidine gluconate in vitro. Five minutes after protoscolex inoculation, 5 ml of the scolicidal solution was instilled into the peritoneal cavity: 0.9% NaCl (control group), 4.0% Chx‐Glu, 0.4% Chx‐Glu, and 0.04% Chx‐Glu. After 6 months of follow‐up, the rats were sacrificed, and the number of isolated cysts, peroperative and postoperative deaths, and toxicity were evaluated. Cyst formation did not occur in any of the Chx‐Glu groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05), whereas it was detected in all of the control rats. In addition, to 4.0% Chx‐Glu was found to be more toxic and to cause a high mortality rate compared to the 0.4% and 0.04% Chx‐Glu groups and the control group (p < 0.05). Chx‐Glu 0.04% was found to be the most potent, nontoxic agent; it is easily available, inexpensive, and highly potent in a short period of time at the low concentration. Chx‐Glu 0.04% can be used safely in the treatment of intraperitoneal hydatidosis and hydatid cyst.
Surgical Treatment of Hurthle Cell Tumors of the Thyroid
Authors: Chao Tzu‐Chieh , Lin Jen‐Der , Chen Miin‐Fu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHurthle cell tumors are relatively rare thyroid tumors and their management and prognosis is controversial. We retrospectively review 135 Hurthle cell adenomas and 28 Hurthle cell carcinomas of the thyroid surgically treated at our institute. No significant difference was found between the adenoma and carcinoma groups in patient age, gender, and tumor size. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in detecting malignancy were 87.5%, 19.3%, 31.2%, 18.6%, and 88.0%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of frozen section in detecting malignancy of the thyroid gland were 40.0%, 100.0%, 92.9%, 100.0%, and 92.0%. Most of the adenomas were treated with procedures no less invasive than lobectomy/isthmusectomy. Meanwhile, most of the carcinoma patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Operative morbidity occurred in six patients (3.8%), including transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in three patients, damage to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in two patients, and transient hypocalcemia in one patient. No recurrence of Hurthle cell adenomas was noted. Five adenoma patients died of causes unrelated to their Hurthle cell tumors, but no carcinoma patients died during the follow‐up period. In conclusion, clinical factors and FNAC are not helpful in the differentiation between adenoma and carcinoma. Unilateral Hurthle cell adenoma can be treated by lobectomy/isthmusectomy, and Hurthle cell carcinoma can be treated by total thyroidectomy with minimal operative morbidity.