bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy Patterns of Care Study in Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Movsas B. , Moughan J. , Komaki R. , Choy H. , Byhardt R. , Langer C. , Goldberg M. , Graham M. , Ettinger D. , Johnstone D. , Abrams R. , Munden R. , Starkschall G. , Owen J. 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: For the first time, a lung Patterns of Care Study was conducted to determine the national patterns of radiation (RT) practice in patients treated for nonmetastatic lung cancer in 1998 to 1999. Materials and Methods: A national survey of randomly selected RT institutions in the United States was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling, stratified by practice type. Patients with nonmetastatic lung cancer (Karnofsky performance score [KPS] ≥ 60), who received RT as definitive or adjuvant therapy, were randomly selected. To determine national estimates, sample size was weighted by the relative number of institutions per strata and the number of patient records reviewed per the number of patients eligible. Accordingly, 42,335 patient records from 58 institutions were reviewed by trained research associates. The unweighted sample size (or number of patients) was 541. Results: The histologies were small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in 14.5% of patients versus non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 85.5% of patients. The median age was 67 years (range, 29 to 92 years); 61% of patients were male, and 38% were current smokers. Bone scans and brain imaging were not obtained in 34% and 52% of clinical stage (CS) III NSCLC patients, respectively. Regarding treatment strategies, for SCLC and CS III NSCLC, chemotherapy plus RT was used significantly more than RT alone (P < .05); in CS I NSCLC, RT alone was the primary treatment (P < .05). Overall, 58% of patients received systemic therapy. On multivariate analysis, factors correlating with increased use of chemotherapy included younger age, histology (SCLC > NSCLC), increasing CS, increasing KPS, and lack of comorbidities. Only 3% of all patients were treated on prospective clinical trials. Conclusion: This study establishes the general patterns of care for lung carcinoma in RT facilities within the United States. As supported by clinical trials, patients with limited-stage SCLC and CS III NSCLC received chemotherapy plus RT more than they received RT alone. Further improvements in staging, smoking cessation, and increased accrual to clinical trials must be encouraged.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Results of a Pilot and Phase II Study of Systemic and Intraventricular Chemotherapy With Deferred Radiotherapy
Authors: Pels Hendrik , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G.H. , Glasmacher Axel , Schulz Holger , Engert Andreas , Diehl Volker , Zellner Anton , Schackert Gabriele , Reichmann Heinz , Kroschinsky Frank , Vogt-Schaden Marlies , Egerer Gerlinde , Bode Udo , Schaller Carlo , Deckert Martina , Fimmers Rolf , Helmstaedter Christoph , Atasoy Aslihan , Klockgether Thomas , Schlegel Uwe 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: To evaluate response rate, response duration, overall survival (OS), and toxicity in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) after systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy with deferred radiotherapy. Patients and Methods: From September 1995 to July 2001, 65 consecutive patients with PCNSL (median age, 62 years) were enrolled onto a pilot and phase II study evaluating chemotherapy without radiotherapy. A high-dose methotrexate (MTX; cycles 1, 2, 4, and 5) and cytarabine (ARA-C; cycles 3 and 6)–based systemic therapy (including dexamethasone, vinca-alkaloids, ifosfamide, and cyclophosphamide) was combined with intraventricular MTX, prednisolone, and ARA-C. Results: Sixty-one of 65 patients were assessable for response. Of these, 37 patients (61%) achieved complete response, six (10%) achieved partial response, and 12 (19%) progressed under therapy. Six (9%) of 65 patients died because of treatment-related complications. Follow-up is 0 to 87 months (median, 26 months). The Kaplan-Meier estimates for median time to treatment failure (TTF) and median OS were 21 months and 50 months, respectively. For patients older than 60 years, median survival was 34 months, and the median TTF was 15 months. In patients younger than 61 years, median survival and median TTF have not been reached yet; the 5-year survival fraction is 75%. Systemic toxicity was mainly hematologic. Ommaya reservoir infection occurred in 12 patients (19%), and permanent cognitive dysfunction possibly as a result of treatment occurred in only two patients (3%). Conclusion: Primary chemotherapy based on high-dose MTX and ARA-C is highly efficient in PCNSL. Response rate and response duration in this series are comparable to the response rates and durations reported after combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Neurotoxicity was infrequent.
Development of a Murine Model of Autoimmune Thyroiditis Induced with Homologous Mouse Thyroid Peroxidase
Authors: Ng H. P. , Paul Banga J. , Kung Annie W. C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAutoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disease. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a well characterized autoantigen in AITD. Autoantibodies and autoreactive T lymphocytes to TPO are believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of lymphocytic thyroiditis. To understand the pathogenic mechanisms of AITD and the role of TPO, we have established a mouse model of lymphocytic thyroiditis by immunizing C57Bl/6 (H-2b), CBA (H-2k), and C57Bl/6 × CBA F1 mice with recombinant murine TPO (rmTPO) ectodomain comprising amino acid residue 1–837 produced in Escherichia coli. Mice were immunized with 30 μg purified ectodomain in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Antibodies against rmTPO were detected in the serum of all mice from day 21 onward. Draining lymph node cells from rmTPO-immunized animals showed dose-dependent proliferation to TPO stimulation. Mice killed at d 50 and 90 revealed variable degrees of thyroiditis with infiltration of mononuclear cells and destruction of thyroid follicles. C57Bl/6 and the F1 mice, in comparison with CBA mice, showed a greater degree of thyroiditis. There was a lack of correction between the intensity of thyroiditis and the anti-TPO response. Immunotyping of the thyroid cellular infiltrates showed predominantly CD4+ T cells and B220+ B cells but scanty CD8+ T cells. None of the control mice injected with the purified fusion partner developed anti-TPO antibodies and thyroiditis. In conclusion, a genuine autoimmune mouse model of lymphocytic thyroiditis was established using autologous mouse TPO. This new model induced with autologous TPO will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms in destructive thyroiditis and will assist in the development of new strategies for modulating the pathogenic immune response.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Increases Rat Peptide YY Promoter Activity through Sp1 Binding Sites
Authors: Wang Guiyun , Leiter Andrew B. , Englander Ella W. , Greeley George H. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Studies in rodents demonstrate that the mitogen, IGF-I, stimulates intestinal peptide YY (PYY) expression. To investigate whether the stimulatory influence of IGF-I is exerted at the level of gene transcription, rat PYY 5′-upstream sequences (−2800/+37 bp, −770/+37 bp, −127/+37 bp) fused to the firefly luciferase (luc) reporter gene were transfected into rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and luc activity measured after IGF-I treatment. IGF-I increased transcriptional activity of all constructs similarly; the PYY (−127/+37 bp)-luc construct was used in subsequent experiments. IGF-I increased PYY (−127/+37 bp)-luc activity in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Sequence analysis detected five putative Sp1 binding sites in the −127/+37-bp sequence. EMSA and supershift experiments using two oligonucleotide fragments of the −127/+37 region showed that Sp1 and Sp3 proteins bound to putative Sp1 sites. Overexpression of Sp1 greatly increased PYY (−127/+37 bp)-luc activity and site-directed mutagenesis of putative Sp1 binding sites decreased basal and IGF-I-induced elevations in PYY (−127/+37 bp)-luc activity. IGF-I treatment also increased Sp1 protein levels and binding activity. Blockade of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) with an IGF-IR antibody decreased the stimulatory influence of IGF-I on Sp1 protein levels and PYY (−127/+37 bp)-luc activity. Together, these findings indicate that IGF-I functions as a positive regulator of PYY gene expression and that the stimulatory effect may be mediated by Sp1 proteins that bind to the proximal PYY promoter region.
Androgen Contributes to Gender-Related Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Mice Lacking the Gene Encoding Guanylyl Cyclase-A
Authors: Li Yuhao , Kishimoto Ichiro , Saito Yoshihiko , Harada Masaki , Kuwahara Koichiro , Izumi Takehiko , Hamanaka Ichiro , Takahashi Nobuki , Kawakami Rika , Tanimoto Keiji , Nakagawa Yasuaki , Nakanishi Michio , Adachi Yuichiro , Garbers David L. , Fukamizu Akiyoshi , Nakao Kazuwa 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy and extended cardiac fibrosis are independent risk factors for congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Before age 50, men are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease than age-matched women. In the current studies, we found that cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were significantly more pronounced in males compared with females of guanylyl cyclase-A knockout (GC-A KO) mice at 16 wk of age. These gender-related differences were not seen in wild-type mice. In the further studies, either castration (at 10 wk of age) or flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, markedly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in male GC-A KO mice without blood pressure change. In contrast, ovariectomy (at 10 wk of age) had little effect. Also, chronic testosterone infusion increased cardiac mass and fibrosis in ovariectomized GC-A mice. None of the treatments affected cardiac mass or the extent of fibrosis in wild-type mice. Overexpression of mRNAs encoding atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, collagens I and III, TGF-β1, TGF-β3, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin converting enzyme in the ventricles of male GC-A KO mice was substantially decreased by castration. The gender differences were virtually abolished by targeted deletion of the angiotensin II type 1A receptor gene (AT1A). Neither castration nor testosterone administration induced any change in the cardiac phenotypes of double-KO mice for GC-A and AT1A. Thus, we suggest that androgens contribute to gender-related differences in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by a mechanism involving AT1A receptors and GC-A.
Estrogen Regulation of Neurokinin B Gene Expression in the Mouse Arcuate Nucleus Is Mediated by Estrogen Receptor α
Authors: Dellovade Tammy L. , Merchenthaler Istvan 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB) gene expression is elevated in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus of the hypothalamus in postmenopausal women. Estrogen replacement decreases both the number of NKB mRNA-expressing neurons and the level of expression within individual cells. Similarly, NKB gene expression is elevated in ovariectomized rats and reduced after estrogen treatment. The actions of estrogen in the brain can be mediated via either estrogen receptor α (ERα) or estrogen receptor β (ERβ). In the rodent arcuate nucleus (ARC), more ERα- than ERβ-containing cells are present, suggesting that ERα might be directly responsible for estrogen regulation of NKB gene expression. However, an indirect effect via ERβ could not be ruled out. Here we used ERα knockout and ERβ knockout mice to identify the type of ER responsible for mediating estrogen action on NKB gene expression in the ARC. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, we have found that estrogen treatment significantly reduced NKB gene expression in the ARC of ovariectomized ERβ knockout mice, but had no effect on NKB mRNA levels in ERα knockout mice. These data indicate that ERα mediates the increase in NKB gene expression associated with ovariectomy in rodents and might also be responsible for the increase in NKB in postmenopausal women.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Up-Regulated in the Diabetic Retina: Amelioration by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition
Authors: Tikellis Christos , Cooper Mark E. , Twigg Stephen M. , Burns Wendy C. , Tolcos Mary 
Published: November 2003

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been postulated to have prosclerotic and angiogenic properties. The aim of this present study was to characterize retinal CTGF expression in the absence and presence of diabetes and in the context of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, perindopril. Retinas were obtained from control, diabetic, and diabetic plus perindopril-treated (3 mg/d) rats. CTGF gene expression was quantitated by RT-PCR and localized by in situ hybridization. CTGF protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting and localized by immunohistochemistry. Diabetes was associated with a greater than 2-fold increase in CTGF mRNA levels, which was attenuated by perindopril treatment. CTGF immunoreactivity was increased almost 2-fold in diabetes and was ameliorated by the ACE inhibitor perindopril. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the major site of CTGF gene expression in the retina of diabetic rats was the ganglion cell layer. Based on the known in vivo effects of CTGF, it is postulated that this growth factor plays a pivotal role in mediating diabetes-associated retinal pathology. Furthermore, the protective effects of ACE inhibitors on retinal pathology may partly be mediated via effects on retinal CTGF expression.
Glucose Sensitivity and Metabolism-Secretion Coupling Studied during Two-Year Continuous Culture in INS-1E Insulinoma Cells
Authors: Merglen Arnaud , Theander Sten , Rubi Blanca , Chaffard Gaelle , Wollheim Claes B. , Maechler Pierre 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cells constitute a widely used β-cell surrogate. However, due to their nonclonal nature, INS-1 cells are heterogeneous and are not stable over extended culture periods. We have isolated clonal INS-1E cells from parental INS-1 based on both their insulin content and their secretory responses to glucose. Here we describe the stable differentiated INS-1E β-cell phenotype over 116 passages (no. 27–142) representing a 2.2-yr continuous follow-up. INS-1E cells can be safely cultured and used within passages 40–100 with average insulin contents of 2.30 ± 0.11 μg/million cells. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was dose-related and similar to rat islet responses. Secretion saturated with a 6.2-fold increase at 15 mm glucose, showing a 50% effective concentration of 10.4 mm. Secretory responses to amino acids and sulfonylurea were similar to those of islets. Moreover, INS-1E cells retained the amplifying pathway, as judged by glucose-evoked augmentation of insulin release in a depolarized state. Regarding metabolic parameters, INS-1E cells exhibited glucose dose-dependent elevations of NAD(P)H, cytosolic Ca2+, and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. In contrast, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and cell membrane potential were all fully activated by 7.5 mm glucose. Using the perforated patch clamp technique, 7.5 and 15 mm glucose elicited electrical activity to a similar degree. A KATP current was identified in whole cell voltage clamp using diazoxide and tolbutamide. As in native β-cells, tolbutamide induced electrical activity, indicating that the KATPconductance is important in setting the resting potential. Therefore, INS-1E cells represent a stable and valuable β-cell model.
Adiponectin Ameliorates Dyslipidemia Induced by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir in Mice
Authors: Xu Aimin , Yin Shinan , Wong LaiChing , Weng Chan Kok , Lam Karen S. L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlthough the clinical application of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) has markedly reduced HIV-related morbidity and mortality, it is now recognized that PI-based therapy often causes serious metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia and premature atherosclerosis. The etiology of these adverse effects remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency of the fat-derived hormone adiponectin might play a role. The steady-state mRNA levels of the adiponectin gene and secretion of this protein from 3T3-L1 adipocytes are significantly decreased after treatment with several PIs (indinavir, nelfinavir, and ritonavir), with ritonavir having the greatest effect. Intragastric administration of ritonavir into mice decreases plasma concentrations of adiponectin and concurrently increases the plasma levels of triglyceride, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Adiponectin replacement therapy markedly ameliorates ritonavir-induced elevations of triglyceride and free fatty acids. These beneficial effects of adiponectin are partly due to its ability to decrease ritonavir-induced synthesis of fatty acids and triglyceride, and to increase fatty acid combustion in the liver tissue. In contrast, adiponectin has little effect on ritonavir-induced hypercholesterolemia and hepatic cholesterol synthesis. These results suggest that hypoadiponectinemia is partly responsible for the metabolic disorders induced by HIV PIs, and adiponectin or its agonists might be useful for the treatment of these disorders.
Biglycan and decorin induce morphological and cytoskeletal changes involving signalling by the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 resulting in lung fibroblast migration
Authors: Tufvesson Ellen , Westergren-Thorsson Gunilla 
Published: November 2003

Biglycan and decorin are small chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue that belong to the family of structurally related proteoglycans called small leucine-rich repeat proteins.
We show for the first time that biglycan and decorin induce morphological and cytoskeletal changes in fibroblasts, resulting in an increase in migration. Biglycan changed the cell shape of fibroblasts with formation of long protruding filamentous processes. This was also seen for decorin but to a lesser extent. Using fluorescence staining of F-actin fibres it was possible to show that these long filamentous processes were supported by long thick bundles of actin, together with an induced formation of stress fibres after stimulation with biglycan and decorin. Moreover, a reorganisation of α-smooth muscle actin was clearly seen in these cultures. Decorin also stimulated α-smooth muscle actin expression in the cells. Using cDNA Atlas Arrays we were also able to show that the mRNA level of a number of the intracellular regulators and effectors involved in cell migration were increased. For example, the focal adhesion proteins paxillin and zyxin, and some of the small Rho GTPases such as RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 were upregulated. After treatment with biglycan or decorin, additional results showed an increased activation of RhoA (1.8- and 1.5-fold, respectively) and Rac1 (1.8- and 1.5-fold, respectively) after 15 minutes. These factors are known to be involved in fibroblast migration, and as expected a 1.3- to 1.6-fold increase in migration could be observed after stimulation with biglycan or decorin. This induced migration was caused by the core protein, as treatment with glycosaminoglycan chains alone did not have any effect.
In summary, these data indicate that biglycan- and decorin-induced fibroblast cytoskeletal and signalling changes result in an increased cell migration, and demonstrate their potential role in the remodelling process.
Selective Recovery of Metal Ions Based on Selective Sinking of Zeolite Modified with Octadecyl and Diethylenetriamine Groups
Authors: Nishimura Go , Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Hirai Takayuki 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Zeolite modified with octadecyl and diethylenetriamine groups (ZOD), which floats on surface of water, sinks into the water via the formation of metal–ligand complex, owing to the increase in hydrophilicity. The degree of the sinking depends on the metal ions coordinated, allowing selective recovery of ZOD particles loading high concentration of specific metal ion.
The First Observation of an Atomic Scale Noncontact AFM Image of MoO3(010)
Authors: Suzuki Shushi , Ohminami Yusuke , Tsutsumi Tetsuya , Shoaib M M , Ichikawa Masaru , Asakura Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
We have observed MoO3(010) surface on an atomic level by NC-AFM(Noncontact atomic force microscopy) for the first time. White arrays with 0.40 and 0.37 nm dimensions along [100] and [001], respectively, were observed, which corresponded to the topmost oxygen atoms of MoO3(010).
Hydrogen Bond between Water and the Phenyl Ring in the Structure of a Dipeptide H–Phe–Leu–NH2 at 90 K and the Structure-based Energy Estimations
Authors: Doi Mitsunobu , Asano Akiko , Yamamoto Daisuke 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A water molecule forms a hydrogen bond with the aromatic π-electron system within the crystal structure of H–Phe–Leu–NH2 hydrochloride monosolvate. This water molecule located above the phenyl ring plane, 3.119 Å from the centroid of the ring. Ab initio energy calculations revealed the stabilization energy of the phenyl ring–water hydrogen bond to be 3.26 kcal/mol.
Endo–Endo Mode Intramolecular Reductive Cyclization of Cyclic 1,2-Bis(silylethynyl)benzenes
Authors: Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Miyasato Masataka , Tamao Kohei 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Upon treatment of cyclic 1,2-bis(silylethynyl)benzenes with lithium naphthalenide, the intramolecular reductive cyclization proceeds in an endo–endo mode to produce 1,4-dilithio-2,3-disilylnaphthalenes, which are transformed into a series of 1,4-difunctionalized 2,3-disilylnaphthalenes.
Structures of a Single-component Palladium Complex with Extended TTF-type Dithiolate Ligands, Bis(tetrathiafulvalenedithiolato)palladium Determined by Powder X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Suzuki Wakako , Fujiwara Emiko , Kobayashi Akiko , Fujishiro Yuichi , Nishibori Eiji , Takata Masaki , Sakata Makoto , Okano Yoshinori , Kobayashi Hayao 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A new palladium complex with extended-TTF (TTF = tetrathiafulvalene) dithiolate ligands, [Pd(dt)2] (dt = tetrathiafulvalenedithiolate) was prepared and its crystal structure was determined by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder experiments. [Pd(dt)2] is a semiconductor with a room temperature conductivity of 0.3 S cm-1.
Time-resolved Chemiluminescence Study of Photocatalytic Reaction of TiO2
Authors: Wu Xing-Zheng , Akiyama Keiko 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Time-resolved luminol chemiluminescence (CL) with a time resolution of μs in photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 suspension was reported. It was found that the luminol CL signal was observed after about 15 μs of illumination of a pulse light of 355 nm, and reached maximum at about 40–60 μs, then decreased slowly with time.
Marketing Literature Review
Authors: Leonard Myron 
Published: November 2003

This section is based on a selection of article abstracts from a comprehensive business literature database. Marketing-related abstracts from over 125 journals (both academic and trade) are reviewed by JM staff. Descriptors for each entry are assigned by JM staff. Each issue of this section represents three months of entries into the database. JM wishes to thank UMI for use of the ABI/INFORM business database. Each entry has an identifying number. Cross-references appear immediately under each subject heading. The following article abstracts are available on-line from the ABI/INFORM database, which is published and copyrighted by UMI. For additional information about access to the database or about obtaining photocopies of the articles abstracted here, please call (800) 626-2823 or write to UMI, 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Each article costs $10.75. Customers with deposit accounts of $200 or more pay $8.75 per article.