bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of numerical chromosome 11 and 17 imbalance with metastasis of primary breast cancer to lymph nodes
Authors: Herrington C. S. , Leek R. D. , McGee J. O'D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAbnormalities of chromosomes 11 and 17 have been widely reported in invasive carcinoma of the breast. Interphase cytogenetics using pericentromeric repeat probes allows the evaluation of numerical chromosomal aberrations in tumour cell populations. We have developed a method for interphase cytogenetics on fine needle aspirates taken from breast tumours and have applied it to the analysis of chromosomes 11 and 17 in 49 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma. Frequency distributions of signal number were generated for each case and no correlation was found between modal signal number and tumour size at presentation, nodal status or tumour differentitation. In 14 cases, two copies of each of chromosomes 11 and 17 were equal but abnormal. In 14 cases, the chromosome 11 number was greater than chromosome 17 and in 7 cases, the chromosome 17 number was greater than chromosome 11. Chromosome inequality correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases or disseminated disease at presentation and the absence of in situ carcinoma. There was no relationship with the presence of vascular invasion. These data suggest that numerical chromosome 11 and 17 imbalance may indicate the ability of breast cancers to metastasize rather than invade vessels. The pattern of numerical chromosome abnormality described may define a subgroup of tumours with a greater tendency for metastasis.
p53 gene alterations in special types of breast carcinoma: A molecular and immunohistochemical study in archival material
Authors: Karameris A. M. , Worthy E. , Gorgoulis V. G. , Quezado M. , Anastassiades O. Th. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe p53 locus on the short arm of chromosome 17 at 17p13.1 was examined for small genomic deletions and mutations in 23 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cases of special types of breast carcinoma (six medullary, seven apocrine, five differentiated tubular, and five papillary). p53 mutations in the evolutionarily conserved exons 5–9 were detected in 11 cases (four apocrine, two papillary, two medullary, and three differentiated tubular), using the novel non‐radioactive PCR‐based Hydrolink mutation detection enhancement (MDE) method, and confirmed by direct sequencing of the PCR products. Missense mutations causing amino acid substitutions were evenly distributed among exons. One case of apocrine carcinoma showed a polymorphism at codon 213 (CGA→CGG). Twelve out of 23 cases were found to express a strong nuclear signal against CM‐1 and DO‐7, two anti‐p53‐specific antibodies. Small genomic deletions in the vicinity of the p53 locus were detected in 11 tumours (three papillary, three differentiated tubular, two medullary, and three apocrine carcinomas), using the multiplex PCR method. No statistical correlation was found between deletions at 17p13.1 and p53 mutations (P<0·5). In addition, p53 mutations and immunoexpression correlated with the c‐erbB‐2 gene product, an oncogenic protein that has been implicated in cell cycle control (P<0·001). Our findings suggest that genomic alterations of the p53 gene are quite common events associated with special types of breast carcinoma, particularly of the apocrine subtype, but the prognostic value is unlikely to be of clinical importance.
The lymphoepithelial organization of the tonsil: An immunohistochemical study in chronic recurrent tonsillitis
Authors: Ruco Luigi P. , Uccini Stefania , Stoppacciaro Antonella , Pilozzi Emanuela , Morrone Stefania , Gallo Andrea , De Vincentiis Marco , Santoni Angela , Baroni Carlo D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInteractions between leukocytes and crypt epithelium were extensively investigated in 12 cases of chronic recurrent tonsillitis, using immunohistochemistry and cytofluorimetric analysis of cell suspensions. Intraepithelial leukocytes are a mixed cell population composed of 50 per cent CD20‐positive B lymphocytes, 40 per cent T lymphocytes with a 2.7 CD4/CD8 ratio, and 10 per cent CD68‐positive macrophages. About 4 per cent of intrepithelial leukocytes are proliferating cells, as indicated by Ki‐67 staining. Leukocyte infiltration is associated with expression on epithelial cells of the adhesion molecules ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1. Crypt epithelium is supported by a basement membrane showing frequent interruptions and connected with the reticular stroma of the lymphoid tissue, which was stained for fibronectin, tenascin, collagen, and laminin. Extracellular matrix (ECM) distribution was correlated with integrin expression on B and T lymphocytes. It was found that the ECM was arranged differently in the follicles and in the extrafollicular area and that B and T lymphocytes exhibited different patterns of integrin expression.
Artefacts in electron microscopy: Ultrastructural features of chrysiasis
Authors: Culora G. A. , Barnett N. , Theaker J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEleven cases of chrysiasis have been studied ultrastructurally and by electron probe microanalysis. Tissue samples were examined both with and without osmium and urany1 acetate staining. There was a significant morphological difference in the appearances of the gold deposits within aurosomes between the two groups. The untreated group showed finely granular deposits, often arranged in a linear fashion. Aurosomes from samples treated with osmium and urany1 acetate showed more electron‐dense deposits and star‐like formations. We propose that treatment of the tissue with osmium and urany1 acetate causes a change in the electron microscopic appearance of aurosomes, including the formation of the characteristic star‐like aurosomes.
Apoptosis suppressing protein bcl‐2 is expressed in well‐differentiated breast carcinomas with favourable prognosis
Authors: Lipponen P. , Pietiläinen T. , Kosma V.‐M. , Aaltomaa S. , Eskelinen M. , Syrjäunen K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of bcl‐2 protein was analysed immunohistochemically in 202 female breast carcinomas. The intensity of bcl‐2 expression was inversely related to tumour grade (P<0·0001), tumor necrosis (P<0·0001), mitotic index (P<0·0001), oestrogen receptor content (P<0·0001), progesterone receptor content (P=0·0007), S‐phase fraction (P=0·00047), and apoptotic index (P=0·087). A high fraction of bcl‐2‐positive cells was related to ductal or lobular type (P=0·03) and slight nuclear pleomorphism (P=0·03). Heterogeneous expression of bcl‐2 protein was associated with high grade (P=0·02), severe nuclear pleomorphism (P=0·02), DNA aneuploidy (P=0·018), high S‐phase fraction (P=0·05), and early metastasis (P=0·03). Intense expression of bcl‐2 protein was significantly related to favourable outcome in the entire cohort (P=0·0013), as well as in axillary lymph node‐negative (ANN) tumours (P=0·0124). Long recurrence‐free periods in the entire cohort (P=0·037) and in ANN tumours (P=0·08) were confined to cases with intense expression of bcl‐2 protein. In multivariate analysis, bcl‐2 expression had no independent prognostic value in the entire cohort or in axillary lymph node‐negative breast carcinomas, whereas it was a weak independent prognostic factor in axillary lymph node‐positive breast carcinomas.
Microvessel count predicts metastatic disease and survival in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fontanini Gabriella , Bigini Daniela , Vignati Silvana , Basolo Fulvio , Mussi Alfredo , Lucchi Marco , Chine Silvana , Angeletti Carlo Alberto , Harris Adrian L. , Bevilacqua Generoso 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe growth of newly formed vessels, or neoangiogenesis, represents an important step in both physiological and pathological situations: in particular, tumour growth and metastasis require angiogenesis. Microvessel count (MC), which represents a measure of tumour angiogenesis, has been associated with metastatic spread in cutaneous, mammary, prostatic, head and neck, and early‐stage lung cancer. In this study, the role of tumour angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator was examined in 253 primary non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Microvessels were counted by highlighting endothelial cells with anti‐Factor VIII monoclonal antibody (MAb) in methacarn‐fixed tumour samples. In univariat analysis, MC (P<0·000001), sex (P=0·0036), histotype (P<0·014), tumour status (P<0·007), and vessel invasion (P<0·019) were significantly related to hilar and/or mediastinal nodal involvement. However, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC (P<0·000003) retained the most important influence on nodal metastasis. The overall survival analysis calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method revealed that tumours with high MC (>25 vessels/field) were significantly associated with increased death risk (log‐rank test P=0·00067; Cox's test P=0·00046; Gehan's Wilcoxon test P=0·00108). In 94 patients, the development of metastatic disease during follow‐up was significantly related to MC. Indeed, patients who developed metastasis during follow‐up showed a higher MC, either as a dichotomous (P=0·01) or as a continuous (P=0·003) variable, than patients who had developed no metastasis at the time of the analysis. Moreover, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC retained the most important influence on distant metastases. Microvessel count, as a method for the quantitation of tumour angiogenesis, has an important prognostic role in non‐small cell lung carcinomas.
The hypotransferrinaemic mouse: Ultrastructural and laser microprobe analysis observations
Authors: Iancu Theodore C. , Shiloh Hanna , Raja Kishor B. , Simpson Robert J. , Peters Timothy J. , Perl Daniel P. , Hsu Amy , Good Paul F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHomozygote hypotransferrinaemic mice (hpx/hpx) have cytopathological features similar to those of human congenital atransferrinaemia, genetic haemochromatosis, and neonatal haemochromatosis. These conditions all have in common high levels of cytotoxic non‐transferrin‐bound serum iron. This study describes the ultrastructural features of iron overload in liver, pancreas, heart, and small intestine of 2‐ and 12‐month‐old hypotransferrinaemic mice. Electron microscopic studies of unstained sections showed early parenchymal cell siderosis, with accumulation of numerous ferritin particles and clusters in the cytosol, as well as ferritin and haemosiderin in lysosomes (siderosomes). In the 12‐month‐old animals, iron was also found in Kupffer cells and macrophages in other tissues. In addition, there were conspicuous iron‐containing compounds in the bile canaliculi, and marked iron deposition in the pancreas and heart. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) enabled localization and relative quantitation of iron deposition in subcellular compartments providingin situdocumentation of iron accumulation in siderosomes and contributed in assessing total cytosolic iron in various cell types. Moreover, it demonstrated the importance and magnitude of the biliary route for iron excretion in these animals.
An infarct‐like myocardial lesion experimentally induced in wistar rats with Africanized bee venom
Authors: Ferreira Dirceu B. , Costa Roberto S. , De Oliveira J. A. Mello , Muccillo Gerson 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is evidence in the literature that death following a bee or wasp sting may result from cardiac involvement. This study describes acute cardiac lesions experimentally induced in Wistar rats submitted to intravenous inoculation of Africanized bee venom (ABV) and killed 1, 4, and 24 h after inoculation. Significant increases in serum enzyme levels were detected; light microscopy showed necrosis of the myocardium; and enzyme histochemistry showed inactivation of enzymes in and around the areas of necrosis. This is the first report of an acute necrotizing cardiac lesion, similar to human myocardial infarction, produced by the inoculation of ABV.
Detection of loss of heterozygosity of p53 gene in paraffin‐embedded breast cancers by non‐isotopic PCR–SSCP
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hua , Li Chun‐De , Yap Eric P. H. , McGee James O'D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA rapid non‐isotopic PCR‐SSCP (polymerase chain reaction‐single‐stranded conformation polymorphism) method was developed in this study to detect polymorphism and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of p53 in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded samples of normal breast tissue and of breast cancer. p53 expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry. In 35 paired samples, heterozygosity in exon 4 of p53 was detected in 17 cases (49 per cent) and LOH of the p53 gene in breast cancer tissues was observed in 7 out of 15 informative cases (47 per cent). The correlation of LOH of p53 with positive p53 immunostaining did not reach statistical significance, but all immunostaining‐positive tumours among informative cases had LOH of p53. The results support the hypothesis that in most cases the allelic deletion of p53 may uncover the ‘recessive mutation’ in the remaining allele. However, LOH of p53 was more frequent than positive immunostaining and was significantly associated with poor differentiation of breast cancer (P<0·05). The results suggest that the allelic deletion of p53 may also contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer by reducing the amount of normal p53 protein. These results show that non‐isotopic PCR‐SSCP is a simple, fast, and effective method for detecting polymorphism and LOH of the p53 gene, which is especially useful for retrospective studies.
Expression of bcl‐2 oncogene protein is prevalent in small cell lung carcinomas
Authors: Jiang Shi‐Xu , Sato Yuichi , Kuwao Sadahito , Kameya Toru 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo investigate the frequency of bcl‐2 oncogene protein expression in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), immunohistochemical staining with a mouse‐anti‐human monoclonal antibody, bcl‐2/124, was carried out on 60 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded SCLC samples obtained from surgical biopsy, and autopsy cases. bcl‐2 protein was detected in 54 out of the 60 SCLCs. In 47 cases, more than half of the tumour cells stained positively. The staining intensity of the tumour cells was comparable to that of infiltrating lymphocytes in 37 cases, but varied from area to area and even from cell to cell. Negative data in six cases were found to be due to unsuitable fixation or embedding procedures rather than the absence of the antigen. bcl‐2 oncogene protein may thus be expressed in most if not all SCLCs. bcl‐2 may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic importance in SCLCs and non‐SCLCs. Previous cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses indicate that SCLCs carry a number of chromosomal abnormalities and it would follow from tpresent results that the abnormal expression of bcl‐2 may also play a role in the pathogenesis of SCLC, by increasing tumour mass through inhibition of apoptosis as previously proposed. The diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of these findings should be studied in greater detail.
The immunohistochemical localization of drug‐metabolizing enzymes in prostate cancer
Authors: Murray Graeme I. , Taylor Valerie E. , McKay Judith A. , Weaver Richard J. , Ewen Stanley W. B. , Melvin William T. , Burke M. Danny 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe major groups of enzymes involved in activating and detoxifying therapeutic drugs, not least several anti‐cancer drugs, include the cytochromes P450 (P450s), epoxide hydrolase, and glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs). The expression of these enzymes in malignant tumours is one possible mechanism of anti‐cancer drug resistance. This study has investigated the presence, cellular localization, and distribution of drug‐metabolizing enzymes in prostate cancer. The P450 subfamilies CYP1A, CYP2C, and CYP3A were present in 63, 25, and 61 per cent of tumours, respectively. Epoxide hydrolase was identified in 96 per cent of tumours. GST‐α and GST‐μ were expressed in 29 and 41 per cent of tumours, respectively, while there was no immunoreactivity for the π form of GST. The absence of GST‐μ in prostate cancer contrasts with the frequent expression of GST‐π observed in other types of malignant tumour. In non‐neoplastic prostatic epithelium, there was expression of CYP1A, CYP2C, epoxide hydrolase, and the different forms of GST, while there was no apparent immunoreactivity for CYP3A.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Performance of bayesian belief network for diagnosis and grading
Authors: Montironi Rodolfo , Bartels Peter H. , Thompson Deborah , Scarpelli Marina , Hamilton Peter W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProstatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) diagnosis and grading are affected by uncertainties which arise from the fact that almost all knowledge of PIN histopathology is expressed in concepts, descriptive linguistic terms, and words. A Bayesian belief network (BBN) was therefore used to reduce the problem of uncertainty in diagnostic clue assessment, while still considering the dependences between elements in the reasoning sequence. A shallow network was used with an open‐tree topology, with eight first‐level descendant nodes for the diagnostic clues (evidence nodes), each independently linked by a conditional probability matrix to a root node containing the diagnostic alternatives (decision node). One of the evidence nodes was based on the tissue architecture and the others were based on cell features. The system was designed to be interactive, in that the histopathologist entered evidence into the network in the form of likelihood ratios for outcomes at each evidence node. The efficiency of the network was tested on a series of 110 prostate specimens, subdivided as follows: 22 cases of non‐neoplastic prostate or benign prostatic tissue (NP), 22 PINs of low grade (PINlow), 22 PINs of high grade (PINhigh), 22 prostatic adenocarcinomas with cribriform pattern (PACcri), and 22 prostatic adenocarcinomas with large acinar pattern (PAClgac). The results obtained in the benign and malignant categories showed that the belief for the diagnostic alternatives is very high, the values being in general more than 0·8 and often close to 1·0. When considering the PIN lesions, the network classified and graded most of the cases with high certainty. However, there were some cases which showed values less than 0·8 (13 cases out of 44), thus indicating that there are situations in which the feature changes are intermediate between contiguous categories or grades. Discrepancy between morphological grading and the BBN results was observed in four out of 44 PIN cases: one PINlow was classified as PINhigh and three PINhigh were classified as PINlow. In conclusion, the network can grade PIN lesions and differentiate them from other prostate lesions with certainty. In particular, it offers a descriptive classifier which is readily implemented and which allows the use of linguistic, fuzzy variables.
Spatial arrangement of IgA and C3 as a prognostic indicator of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Muda Andrea Onetti , Feriozzi Sandro , Rahimi Siavash , Faraggiana Tullio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histological picture of primary glomerulonephritis with glomerular IgA deposition (IgA nephropathy and Henoch‐Schönlein disease) can vary from minimal mesangial involvement to severe endocapillary and/or extracapillary proliferation. Local activation of the complement cascade by glomerular IgA deposits and release of anaphylactoid factors are considered to be major triggers of inflammation, but clear‐cut correlations between the severity of the histological findings and the intensity of glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin and complement fractions are still lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of IgA and complement in mesangial deposits with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and to correlate specific patterns of IgA‐complement interaction with glomerular damage. Two groups of patients have been studied, one with mild to moderate diffuse mesangial proliferation and the other with diffuse proliferative endocapillary and/or extracapillary patterns. In milder forms of the disease, the majority of the immune deposits are composed of both IgA and C3, coated by an outer layer of IgA alone. Large C3 deposits, or deposits composed of IgA and C3 without an outer coat of IgA, were associated with more severe histological lesions. The results suggest that free access of active complement components to cell and/or mesangial matrix receptors could trigger a cytolytic reaction and that immunoglobulins seem to act as a protective layer on C3 components.
A cautionary note regarding the application of Ki‐67 antibodies to paraffin‐embedded breast cancers
Authors: Gee Julia M. W. , Douglas‐Jones Anthony , Hepburn Peter , Sharma Anup K. , McClelland Richard A. , Ellis Ian O. , Nicholson Robert I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunocytochemical studies examining the Ki‐67 proliferation marker in paraffin‐embedded material have recently been made possible by the availability of several antibodies, notably MIB‐1, which are readily applicable to microwaved sections. Using breast cancer material, the present study examines correlations shown by these new paraffin assays and also by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), an existing marker of proliferation, with the established Ki‐67 cryosection assay. Paraffin sections were microwaved prior to incubation with Ki‐67 or MIB‐1 antibodies. Signal detection was carried out with a biotinylated secondary antibody, peroxidase‐conjugated streptavidin, and DAB/H2O2 chromogen. The results suggest that caution is required when studying proliferation in paraffin‐embedded breast cancers by immunostaining using Ki‐67 antibodies. Nuclear staining in wax sections (Ki‐Par, MIB‐1, PCNA) greatly exceeded that in cryosections (Ki‐Froz) and thus correlations were notably absent between Ki‐Par or PCNA immunostaining and the routine Ki‐Froz assay. Immunostaining with MIB‐1 or PCNA may, however, be useful to assess proliferation if cut‐offs are applied to eliminate weak immunostaining associated with wax sections. Thus, an approximately linear relationship was seen between MIB‐1/Ki‐Froz, which was improved if only moderately or moderately/strongly MIB‐1‐positive cells were scored. Similarly, a significant correlation was also revealed between PCNA/Ki‐Froz if such a cut‐off was applied.
Cytogenetic and pathogenic effects of long and short amosite asbestos
Authors: Donaldson Kenneth , Golyasnya Nadya 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study utilized two samples of amosite asbestos which differ in their length, but not in their diameter and which have been shown previously to have very different abilities to cause pathology in rats exposed by instillation or inhalation. The activity of these amosite samples in causing chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture was examined, along with the effect of the glutathione (GSH) synthesis‐inhibiting agent buthionine sulphoximine. The incidence of chromosomal aberrations in cells treated with the short fibre sample was similar to control levels; the long amosite sample caused significantly more chromosomal aberrations than the short fibre sample. When cells were treated with buthionine sulphoximine to decrease the levels of intracellular glutathione, the incidence of chromosomal aberrations was increased in the control cells, but also on treatment with both short and long amosite, the long sample again being considerably more active than the short. The pathogenicity of the long amosite may result from the ability of the fibres to cause chromosome damage, while the enhancement of this damage caused by decreasing intracellular glutathione suggests that the asbestos fibres may impose an oxidant stress on the cells which contributes to these aberrations.