bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of teachers' perceptions of using ChatGPT as a supporting tool for teaching and learning in the digital era
Authors: ElSayary Areej 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) has led to significant changes in societal aspects, resulting in the emergence of a “knowledge society.” However, students and teachers have faced challenges in adapting to this digitalization. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), transitioning to a knowledge‐based economy is a primary national agenda goal, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) of ensuring high‐quality education.ObjectivesThis research investigates teachers' perceptions of using ChatGPT as a digital supporting tool for teaching and learning practices. This includes lesson planning, teaching and learning activities, assessment and feedback and the challenges and benefits explored.MethodsThis study employs an explanatory sequential mixed‐methods design involving quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. An online survey was used with closed‐ended items to collect quantitative data, while semi‐structured interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. The study participants are middle and high school teachers (n1 = 40) from different Dubai and Abu Dhabi private schools.Results and ConclusionsThe most noticeable result is that teachers feel the benefits of using ChatGPT in lesson planning, teaching and learning and less in assessment and feedback. Some challenges and benefits were highlighted in each area and recommendations were suggested. However, teachers' biggest challenge was the bias and accuracy of information received and the lack of human interaction.TakeawaysThe findings provide valuable insights into the potential of ChatGPT in education and inform future research in this area. Specifically, the study provided insights into the effectiveness of ChatGPT in enhancing students' learning outcomes, engagement and motivation, as well as its impact on teaching practices and paedagogical beliefs.
General anesthesia versus nongeneral anesthesia during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Wu Youxuan , Liang Fa , Gu Hongqiu , Jian Minyu , Wang Yunzhen , Liu Haiyang , Han Ruquan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares the safety and efficacy of general anesthesia (GA) and nongeneral anesthesia (non‐GA) on functional outcomes in patients receiving endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke.MethodsAll available studies on the anesthetic management of patients with acute ischemic stroke in PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase were included. We also compared the clinical outcomes in the studies with subgroup analyses of the occlusion site (anterior vs. posterior circulation) and preretriever group versus retriever group. Functional independence, mortality, successful recanalization, hemodynamic instability, intracerebral hemorrhage, and respiratory complications were considered primary or secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 24,606 patients in 60 studies were included. GA had a lower risk of 90‐day functional independence (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.77), higher risk of 90‐day mortality (OR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.45), and successful reperfusion (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.94 to 6.82). However, there were no differences in functional independence and mortality between GA and non‐GA at 90 days after the procedure.ConclusionThe study shows poorer results in the GA group, which may be due to the inclusion of nonrandomized studies. However, analysis of the RCTs suggested that the outcomes do not differ between the two groups (GA vs. non‐GA). Thus, general anesthesia is as safe as nongeneral anesthesia under standardized management.
Consent searches: Evaluating the usefulness of a common and highly discretionary police practice
Authors: Dias Megan , Epp Derek A. , Roman Marcel , Walker Hannah L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe analyze the consequences of using driver consent as a basis for initializing a traffic stop‐and‐search compared to those searches based on probable cause. We find that consent searches are less likely to result in contraband recovery than are probable cause searches. Moreover, police agencies with a relatively higher reliance on consent searches find similar amounts of contraband and make a similar number of arrests as agencies doing much less searching but with a greater reliance on probable cause. These patterns are amplified along racial lines, and there is no discernible relationship between the use of consent searches and crime. We also provide causal evidence that corroborate these observational findings by examining the consequences of a Texas Highway Patrol policy, which suddenly increased the consent search rate in two South Texas counties. We show the contraband recovery rate discontinuously decreases when the consent search rate discontinuously increases.
Relationship of dietary intake between children aged 12–59 months and their mothers in rural Kenya: a cross‐sectional study in two seasons
Authors: Kishino Madoka , Hida Azumi , Ishikawa‐Takata Kazuko , Tada Yuki , Kariuki Lucy , Maundu Patrick , Matsuda Hirotaka , Irie Kenji , Morimoto Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the quantitative association between the dietary intakes of children and their caregivers.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, a non‐consecutive 2‐day 24‐h dietary recall was conducted in two seasons. Participants comprised 142 pairs of 12–59‐month‐old children and their female caregivers from rural areas of Kenya. Energy and micronutrient adequacy, food group intakes and food allocation were assessed. Differences and correlations between caregiver and child diets were examined, and multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the children's and caregivers’ dietary intakes.ResultsThe child's diet was significantly lower in energy and higher in micronutrient adequacy than was the caregiver's diet (p < 0.001). Specifically, the child's diet contained more fruits, dairy products, sugar and confectionaries per 4184 kj. Children were allocated relatively more dishes containing nutrient‐rich foods than staple foods. The correlation coefficients between the dietary intake of caregivers and children were stronger among 24–59‐month‐old children. After controlling with covariates, caregiver energy intake was significantly associated with child energy intake (standardised beta [β] = 0.512, p < 0.001), and caregiver micronutrient adequacy was associated with child micronutrient adequacy (β = 0.679 and β = 0.262 after energy adjustment, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe dietary intakes of caregivers and children were closely related. The children had a more nutrient‐rich diet compared to that of their caregivers. Differences in food group intakes and food allocation may contribute to the higher nutrient adequacy of children. There is a need to improve the diet of caregivers, which would contribute to improving the diet of children.
Environmental and molecular regulation of diapause formation in a scyphozoan jellyfish
Authors: Li Yongxue , Xu Pengzhen , Sun Tingting , Peng Saijun , Wang Fanghan , Wang Lei , Xing Yixuan , Wang Wenhui , Zhao Jianmin , Dong Zhijun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying diapause formation is crucial for gaining insight into adaptive survival strategies across various species. In this study, we aimed to uncover the pivotal role of temperature and food availability in regulating diapausing podocyst formation in the jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. Furthermore, we explored the cellular and molecular basis of diapause formation using single‐cell RNA sequencing. Our results showed cell‐type‐specific transcriptional landscapes during podocyst formation, which were underscored by the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. In addition, we found that the heat shock protein‐coding genes HSC70 and HSP90a potentially act as hub genes that regulate podocyst formation. Finally, we mapped the single‐cell atlas of diapausing podocysts and identified cell types involved in metabolism, environmental sensing, defence and development that may collectively contribute to the long‐term survival and regulated excystment of diapausing podocysts. Taken together, the findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate diapause formation and contributes to a better understanding of adaptive survival strategies in a variety of ecological contexts.
Frequent discrepancies among diagnostic tests for detecting lower esophageal sphincter‐related obstruction
Authors: Reddy Chanakyaram A. , Ellison Ashton , Cipher Daisha J. , Mendoza Roseann , Souza Rhonda F. , Spechler Stuart J. , Konda Vani J. A. , Nguyen Anh D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are frequent discrepancies among high‐resolution manometry (HRM), functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP), and esophagram in identifying lower esophageal sphincter (LES)‐related obstruction. We aimed to determine the frequency of those discrepancies and how they influenced clinical treatment/outcomes.MethodsWe identified patients who had all three tests (HRM, FLIP, and esophagram) and endoscopy performed for evaluation of esophageal symptoms in our Center for Esophageal Diseases. Discrepancies among the tests for the presence of LES obstruction were noted, and the performance of individual tests was compared against a consensus opinion rendered by a panel of esophagologists. Binary logistical regression was performed, and ROC curves were generated for prediction of the consensus clinical diagnosis of LES obstruction.Key ResultsA total of 126 patients (mean age 57.9 ± 17.0 years; 67% female) met inclusion criteria. All three tests agreed on the presence or absence of LES obstruction in only 72 (57%) patients [no LES obstruction in 57 (45%), LES obstruction in 15 (12%)]. Thirteen patients (10%) had a change in management based on additional findings on FLIP +/− esophagram not seen on HRM with 69% having symptomatic improvement after LES‐directed intervention. FLIP was the strongest predictor of a consensus diagnosis of LES obstruction by logistic regression and ROC (OR 23.36, AUC 0.796), followed by HRM (OR 15.41, AUC 0.764).Conclusions & InferenceHigh‐resolution manometry, functional lumen imaging probe, and esophagram each have considerable limitations for identifying LES obstruction, and discrepancies among these tests occur frequently. Multimodal testing is often required for adequate evaluation of LES‐related obstruction.
Higgs‐induced screening mechanisms in scalar‐tensor theories
Authors: Burrage Clare , Millington Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider the theory of a light conformally coupled scalar field, that is, one that is coupled directly to the Ricci scalar of the gravitational sector. This theory can be written equivalently as one of a light scalar that is coupled to the Standard Model of particle physics with a particular combination of Higgs‐portal couplings. When the conformal coupling function contains terms that are linear and quadratic in the conformally coupled scalar, we find that the effective mass of the light propagating mode and its coupling to matter fields, obtained after expanding around a minimum of the classical potential, depend on the energy density of the background environment. This is despite the absence of nonlinear terms in the original equation of motion for the light conformally coupled field. Instead, we find that the nonlinearities of the prototype Higgs potential are communicated to the light mode. In this way, we present a novel realization of screening mechanisms, in which light degrees of freedom coupled to the Standard Model are able to avoid experimental constraints through environmental and thin‐shell effects.
Food‐induced anaphylaxis during infancy is associated with later sleeping and eating disorders
Authors: Nemet Shay , Elbirt Daniel , Mahlab‐Guri Keren , Bezalel‐Rosenberg Shira , Asher Ilan , Talmon Aviv , Rubin Limor , Ribak Yaarit , Sergienko Ruslan , Tal Yuval , Shamriz Oded 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that food‐induced anaphylaxis (FIA) may induce different psychological disorders (PDs). In this study, we aimed to further evaluate the effect of FIA, specifically when occurring in early life, on subsequent PDs development.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, retrospective, matched‐cohort study of pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years) treated at the “Clalit” healthcare organization during the period 2001–2021. Children diagnosed with FIA were propensity score‐matched with patients without any allergies (controls) of similar demographic parameters. Associations between FIA and different PDs were examined by multivariable regression models.ResultsThe cohorts comprised 545 FIA patients and 4514 controls. Most patients were <3 years old [87.6% of controls (N = 3955) and 87.3% of the FIA cohort (N = 476)]. In this age group, the major food allergens were cow's milk (N = 258; 54.2%), eggs (N = 60; 12.6%), and peanuts (N = 20; 4.2%). The multivariable regression model identified an association between FIA and any PDs (p < .001), sleeping disorders (p < .001), and eating disorders (p = .050). Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that patients who experienced FIA before 3 years of age had an increased cumulative risk over the follow‐up time of developing any PDs, sleeping disorders, and eating disorders.ConclusionFIA during the first 3 years of life increases the risk of later developing eating and sleeping disorders, which can last into adulthood. Further attention should be focused on accurately diagnosing these children.
Whole‐exome sequencing to identify undiagnosed primary immunodeficiency disorders in children with community‐acquired sepsis, admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Rayzan Elham , Mirbeyk Mona , Pezeshki Parmida Sadat , Mohammadpour Masoud , Yaghmaie Bahareh , Hassani Seyed Abbas , Sharifzadeh Meisam , Tahernia Leila , Rezaei Nima 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) provides a powerful diagnostic tool for identifying primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). This study explores the utility of this approach in uncovering previously undiagnosed PIDs in children with community‐acquired sepsis (CAS), with a medical history of recurrent infections or a family history of PIDs.MethodsWe performed WES on DNA samples extracted from the blood of the 34 enrolled patients, followed by bioinformatic analysis for variant calling, annotation, and prioritization. We also performed a segregation analysis in available family members to confirm the inheritance patterns and assessed the potential impact of the identified variants on protein function.ResultsFrom 34 patients enrolled in the study, 29 patients (85%) with previously undiagnosed genetic diseases, including 28 patients with PIDs and one patient with interstitial lung and liver disease, were identified. We identified two patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), patients with combined immunodeficiency (CID), six patients with combined immunodeficiency with syndromic features (CID‐SF), four patients with defects in intrinsic and innate immunity, four patients with congenital defects of phagocyte function (CPDF), and six patients with the disease of immune dysregulation. Autoinflammatory disorders and predominantly antibody deficiency were diagnosed in one patient each.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the potential of WES in identifying undiagnosed PIDs in children with CAS. Implementing WES in the clinical evaluation of CAS patients with a warning sign for PIDs can aid in their timely diagnosis and potentially lead to improved patient care.
At the mercy of myself: A thematic analysis of beliefs about losing control
Authors: Kelly‐Turner Kenneth , Radomsky Adam S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeConcerns about the likelihood, consequences, and meaning of losing control are commonplace across anxiety‐related disorders. However, several experimental studies have suggested that individuals without a diagnosis of a mental disorder also believe that they can and will lose control under the right circumstances. Understanding the range of beliefs about the nature and consequences of losing control can help us to better understand the continuum of negative beliefs about losing control.MethodsThe present study used thematic analysis to identify common beliefs about losing control in an unselected sample. Twenty‐one participants, half of whom met criteria for at least one anxiety‐related disorder, were interviewed about their beliefs about losing control.ResultsAll 21 participants reported that losing control was possible. Losses of control were defined as multifaceted cognitive‐behavioural processes and were seen as negative considering the perceived consequences of the losses. Commonly described consequences were harm to oneself or others, powerlessness, and unpleasant emotions during (e.g., sadness, frustration, and anxiety) and following (e.g., regret, shame, and humiliation) a loss of control.ConclusionsThese results suggest that perceived losses of control are common and that negative beliefs about losing may only become problematic when the losses are personally significant. Further, they offer important insight into what is common among clinical and non‐clinical beliefs about losing control and inform how these beliefs might be worth targeting in cognitive and behavioural interventions.
Proportionality in Causation, Part I: Theories
Authors: Rubenstein Ezra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA much‐discussed idea in the causation literature is that it is preferable to invoke causes which are proportional to—neither too general nor too specific for—the effect. This article presents various ways of understanding this idea. In what sense are such causal claims ‘preferable’? And what is it for one event to be ‘proportional’ to another? In a companion article, ‘Proportionality in Causation, Part II: Applications and Challenges’, I discuss the principal applications of the resulting theories of proportionality, and the challenges they face.
The impact of salt stress on the physiology and the transcriptome of the model streptophyte green alga Chara braunii
Authors: Heß Daniel , Heise Carolin M. , Schubert Hendrik , Hess Wolfgang R. , Hagemann Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChara braunii is a model for early land plant evolution and terrestrialization. Salt stress has a profound effect on water and ion transport activities, thereby interacting with many other processes, including inorganic carbon acquisition for photosynthesis. In this study, we analyzed the impact of salt stress (5 practical salt units, PSU) on the physiology and gene expression in C. braunii. Photosynthesis was only slightly affected 6 h after salt addition and returned to control levels after 48 h. Several organic compounds such as proline, glutamate, sucrose, and 2‐aminobutyrate accumulated in salt‐treated thalli and might contribute to osmotic potential acclimation, whereas the amount of K+ decreased. We quantified transcript levels for 17,387 genes, of which 95 were up‐regulated and 44 down‐regulated after salt addition. Genes encoding proteins of the functional groups ion/solute transport and cell wall synthesis/modulation were enriched among the up‐regulated genes 24–48 h after salt stress, indicating their role in osmotic acclimation. However, a homolog to land plant ERD4 osmosensors was transiently upregulated after 6 h, and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these sensors evolved in Charophyceae. Down‐regulated genes were mainly related to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism/fixation, consistent with the observed lowered growth after extended cultivation. The changed expression of genes encoding proteins for inorganic carbon acquisition might be related to the impact of salt on ionic relations and inorganic carbon uptake. The results indicate that C. braunii can tolerate enhanced salt concentrations in a defined acclimation process, including distinct gene expression changes to achieve new metabolic homeostasis.
Fostering compliance with voluntary sustainability standards through institutional design: An analytic framework and empirical application
Authors: Depoorter Charline , Marx Axel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe institutional design of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) has been recognized as an important determinant of compliance with VSS rules, which partly explains heterogeneity in VSS sustainability impacts. However, the current understanding of how VSS institutional design generates compliance is scattered and lacks systematic operationalization. This paper brings together different strands of literature and identifies three main mechanisms through which VSS institutional design can generate compliance: enforcement, market incentives, and capacity‐building. We propose an integrated analytic framework that operationalizes these mechanisms into specific, identifiable design attributes. We apply it in an empirical analysis of 13 agrifood and forestry VSS to assess the extent to which these mechanisms are used in VSS institutional design. While enforcement appears necessary for VSS to operate, we find heterogeneity in how these mechanisms are used and combine, which is partly explained by contextual factors. This provides avenues for analyzing their respective effectiveness in generating compliance.
Use of diabetes technologies in the primary school environment: a scoping review protocol
Authors: O Neill Tracey , Hollywood Eleanor , Prakashini-Banka Cullen Sonam 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature on the use of diabetes technologies in the primary school environment by children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and/or their parents.

Introduction:
T1D is a complex chronic disorder that is one of the fastest growing diseases in childhood. Technological advances in recent times have seen a growth in the use of diabetes technologies. Despite these advances, having T1D still places challenges on parents’ and children’s school experiences. Furthermore, the literature on the use of diabetes technologies during the primary school day is under-investigated.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider peer-reviewed primary research studies or systematic reviews that include children with T1D aged 6 to 12 years who use diabetes technologies in the primary school environment and/or their parents.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Following an initial limited search, a full search strategy was developed using index terms and key text words. This strategy will be used across relevant databases, including Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science Core Collection for the full scoping review. There will be no limitations on language or year. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and extract relevant data using the JBI data extraction instrument. Data will be presented in a descriptive manner, supported by tables and charts, and accompanied by a narrative summary.