bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the δ‐form complex in the syndiotactic polystyrene–organic molecule system. II. Structural investigation of the δ‐form with p‐ and m‐xylene isomers
Authors: Sivakumar Muthusamy , Yamamoto Yusuke , Amutharani Devaraj , Tsujita Yoshiharu , Yoshimizu Hiroaki , Kinoshita Takatoshi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSyndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) membranes containing different mole fractions of p‐xylene were prepared by a solution‐casting procedure. Complex formation between sPS and xylene was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The stability and desorption behavior of the sPS–guest solvent and phase transitions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The formation of the δ‐form complex in the presence of different mole fractions of xylene isomers was analyzed and confirmed. The mole fraction of p‐xylene in the dried membrane was found to be higher than that of the corresponding mole fraction in the isomer solvent solution used for casting. This was attributed to the preferential complexing ability of p‐xylene with sPS. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2882–2887, 2003
Thin films of insoluble copolymer derived from poly(phenylene‐vinylene) obtained by thermal evaporation under vacuum
Authors: Zaidi B. , Ayachi S. , Mabrouk A. , Fave J. L. , Molinie P. , Ghedira M. , Alimi K. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new copolymer, referred to as poly(phenylene‐vinylene) (PPV)‐ether, built as PPV a polymer with some (CHCH) links changed into (CH2 OCH2) ethylic‐ether links, is insoluble in common solvents. PPV‐ether films are deposited by the thermal evaporation technique. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis measurements indicate that the surface contamination decrease in the case of vacuum‐evaporated PPV‐ether. The scanning electron micrographs indicate that the surface of these vacuum‐deposited PPV‐ether are uniform. By comparison to the reference powder, the modification of the properties of the evaporated PPV‐ether are related to the decrease of the chain length and surface contamination. The results of the photoluminescence measurements reveal a shifting of the luminescence to blue in the vacuum‐evaporated PPV‐ether. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3091–3099, 2003
Hydrophobic recovery behavior of PMMA and PEA ionomers treated with PSII
Authors: Song Ju‐Myung , Kim Youngsoo , Han Seunghee , Lee Yeonhee , Kim Joon‐Seop 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe surfaces of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐based and poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA)‐based ionomers were treated either with plasma or with plasma source ion implantation (PSII), and their hydrophobic recovery behavior was studied by measuring water contact angles. It was found that the hydrophobic recovery of the plasma‐treated and PSII‐treated surfaces of PMMA ionomers was much slower than that of the acid‐form copolymers. This was due to the presence of hydrophilic ionic groups on the ionomer surface. In addition, in the case of the PMMA ionomers, a slow hydrophobic recovery behavior for a long period of time was observed. In the case of the PEA ionomer, the water contact angle values were found to be larger than those for the PMMA ionomers. When the contact angle values of the PMMA and PEA ionomers were compared to those of polystyrene (PS) ionomers, it was found that the order of ionomers showing higher angle value at comparable aging time was as follows: PS ionomer > PEA ionomer > PMMA ionomer. This was due to the difference in polarity and matrix glass transition temperature of the ionomers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3100–3106, 2003
Circular dichroism spectroscopy of conformers of (guanine + adenine) repeat strands of DNA
Authors: Kejnovská Iva , Kypr Jaroslav , Vorlíčková Michaela 
Published: June 2003

Abstract(Guanine+adenine) strands of DNA are known to associate into guanine tetraplexes, homodimerize into parallel or antiparallel duplexes, and fold into a cooperatively melting single strand resembling the protein alpha helix. Using CD spectroscopy and other methods, we studied how this conformational polymorphism depended on the primary structure of DNA. The study showed that d(GGGA)5 and d(GGA)7 associated into homoduplexes at low salt or in the presence of LiCl but were prone to guanine tetraplex formation, especially in the presence of KCl. In addition, they yielded essentially the same CD spectrum in the presence of ethanol as observed with the ordered single strand of d(GA)10. Strands of d(GA)10, d(GGAA)5, d(GAA)7, and d(GAAA)5 associated into homoduplexes in both LiCl and KCl solutions, but not into guanine tetraplexes. d(GAAA)5 and d(GAA)7 further failed to form the single‐stranded conformer in aqueous ethanol. Adenine protonation, however, stabilized the single‐stranded conformer even in these adenine‐rich fragments. The ordered single strands, homoduplexes as well as the guanine tetraplexes, all provided strikingly similar CD spectra, indicating that all of the conformers shared similar base stacking geometries. The increasing adenine content only decreased the conformer thermostability. Chirality 15:584–592, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral HPLC method for chiral purity determination of paroxetine drug substance
Authors: Zukowski Janusz , Brightwell Malcolm , de Biasi Vern 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis article describes a chiral HPLC method for (+) trans isomer of paroxetine in a paroxetine drug substance. The method development was performed to establish a suitable HPLC system in order to separate both enantiomers. It was found that a system based on a Chiralpak AD column was suitable for the analysis. Proper column maintenance and the optimized eluent composition allowed good reproducibility and sensitivity for the method. The method was also checked on a number of different columns using different HPLC equipment and gave both reproducible chromatography and reproducible quantitative results. Chirality 15:600–604, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A visual servoing system with feature prediction using a motion observer
Authors: Saruta Kunihiko , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Hori Yoichi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA visual servo is an eye‐in‐hand robot system that directly uses real‐time visual information for control. This paper proposes a novel visual servoing system with motion observer (MOB)‐based feature prediction. The position of the target object cannot be observed directly. The motion observer is designed as a minimum‐order observer and is useful for high‐performance servoing. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by simulations and experiments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 67–73, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10154
Three‐phase immittance converter
Authors: Irie Hisaichi , Nishisako Takayuki 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe immittance converter has an input impedance that is proportional to the admittance of a load connected across its output terminals. In this converter, the output current is proportional to the input voltage and the input current is proportional to the output voltage. Consequently, a constant‐voltage source is converted into a constant‐current source and a constant‐current source into a constant‐voltage source. The immittance converters consisting of only passive elements (inductors L and capacitors C) are suitable for use in the high‐frequency links in power electronics applications.Previously, we proposed several types of immittance converters and some applications to power electronics equipment. In this paper, we propose a new three‐phase immittance converter consisting of three L and C elements each to obtain an alternating current source from a three‐phase voltage source without control.This paper presents a configuration of the new three‐phase immittance converter that operates in either anti‐phase or in‐phase modes between the input voltage and the output voltage, and its voltage–current conversion characteristics and efficiency characteristics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 52– 58, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10169
Characteristic‐varying systems in the D‐Module: Their properties of existence, realization, and stability
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSignal processing based on frequency polarity has been attracting wide attention due to its potential applications to industry. It is popular to employ two vector rotators for such signal processing. However, it has very recently been reported that an equivalent signal processing effect can be attained in a much simpler manner using two‐input two‐output filters in the D‐module. This paper further investigates a class of characteristic‐varying systems in the D‐module, which contains the filters in the D‐module as a special case, and gives new analytical results on their properties from the viewpoints of existence, realization, and stability. If the results are applied to filter problems, n‐th order filters in the D‐module in new forms can be easily and directly obtained, whose stability and response equivalent to the associated filters with vector rotators are guaranteed. If the results are applied to AC motor modeling problems, dynamic models and block diagrams of AC motors in general reference frame are easily and directly obtained. Very general and useful analyses are given for a newly proposed class of characteristic‐varying systems in the D‐module that have potential usefulness in various industrial applications including control of magnetic bearing system, analyses and active compensations of power systems, and sensorless drives of AC motors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 39–51, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10171
Empirical Bayes estimators and non‐parametric mixture models for space and time–space disease mapping and surveillance
Authors: Böhning Dankmar 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe analysis of the geographic variation of disease and its representation on a map is an important topic in epidemiological research and in public health in general. Identification of spatial heterogeneity of relative risk using morbidity and mortality data is required. Frequently, interest is also in the analysis of space data with respect to time, where typically data are used which are aggregated in certain time windows like 5 or 10 years. The occurrence measure of interest is usually thestandardized mortality (morbidity) ratio(SMR). It is well known that disease maps in space or in space and time should not solely be based upon the crude SMR but rather some smoothed version of it. This fact has led to a tremendous amount of theoretical developments in spatial methodology, in particular in the area of hierarchical modeling in connection with fully Bayesian estimation techniques like Markov chain Monte Carlo. It seems, however, that at the same time, where these theoretical developments took place, on the practical side only very few of these developments have found their way into daily practice of epidemiological work and surveillance routines. In this article we focus on developments that avoid the pitfalls of the crude SMR and simultaneously retain a simplicity and, at least approximately, the validity of more complex models. After an illustration of the typical pitfalls of the crude SMR the article is centered around three issues: (a) the separation of spatial random variation from spatial structural variation; (b) a simple mixture model for capturing spatial heterogeneity; (c) an extension of this model for capturing temporal information. The techniques are illustrated by numerous examples. Public domain software like Dismap is mentioned that enables easy mixture modeling in the context of disease mapping. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space varying coefficient models for small area data
Authors: Assunção Renato M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMany spatial regression problems using area data require more flexible forms than the usual linear predictor for modelling the dependence of responses on covariates. One direction for doing this is to allow the coefficients to vary as smooth functions of the area's geographical location. After presenting examples from the scientific literature where these spatially varying coefficients are justified, we briefly review some of the available alternatives for this kind of modelling. We concentrate on a Bayesian approach for generalized linear models proposed by the author which uses a Markov random field to model the coefficients' spatial dependency. We show that, for normally distributed data, Gibbs sampling can be used to sample from the posterior and we prove a result showing the equivalence between our model and other usual spatial regression models. We illustrate our approach with a number of rather complex applied problems, showing that the method is computationally feasible and provides useful insights in substantive problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A space–time analysis of the relationship between material deprivation and mortality for lung cancer
Authors: Dreassi Emanuela 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe relationship between socioeconomic factors and mortality for lung cancer is investigated. A space–time hierarchical Bayesian model with time dependent covariates, to identify the proper lag time on which lung cancer mortality is affected by socioeconomic factors, is adopted. An example of lung cancer in males in Tuscany (Italy) during the period 1971–99 is provided. Results confirm the presence of an association between mortality for lung cancer and socioeconomic factors with a temporal lag (latency time) of 10 years. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oogenesis and plasma levels of sex steroids in cultured females of brown trout (Salmo trutta linnaeus, 1758) in Chile
Authors: Estay Francisco , Díaz Andrés , Pedrazza Rodrigo , Colihueque Nelson 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNaturalized brown trout populations in Chile are a valuable genetic resource with aquaculture potential. The oogenesis of a three‐year‐old brown trout cultured population was studied in southern Chile. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte growth, gonadal microscopic characteristics, and plasma levels of estradiol–17β (E2), testosterone (T), and 17α–hydroxyprogesterone (17α–HP) were measured bimonthly for a nine‐month period before spawning. The maximum GSI level (22%) was similar to that described for other salmonids, although it was reached in May, more than one month before the population started spawning. Oocyte growth increases strongly from January when diameter reaches more than 1 mm. The vitellogenic period (six‐seven months) is consistent with the long vitellogenesis, described for salmonid females maturing at three years old. E2 shows a slow increase from November, reaching its peak value in March (65.2±0.7 ng/ml), during maximal vitellogenic activity. T increases as oogenesis progresses, reaching a maximum of 90±20 ng/ml during May, and falling considerably during ovulation. Following a typical pattern of progestogens in salmonid oogenesis, 17α–HP stays at basal levels during most of oogenesis, but experiences a strong surge (2.0±0.4 ng/ml) just before ovulation. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:60–66, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Putative serotonin reuptake inhibitor‐induced spawning and parturition in freshwater bivalves is inhibited by mammalian 5‐HT2 receptor antagonists
Authors: Fong Peter P. , Philbert Caroline M. , Roberts Brian J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can mimic the physiological actions of serotonin, and in bivalve molluscs they induce zebra mussel spawning and fingernail clam parturition. We have elucidated further the pharmacology of SSRI‐induced spawning and part‐urition by blocking these reproductive processes with two mammalian 5‐HT2 receptor antagonists, cyproheptadine and mianserin. These two antagonists were potent inhibitors of both spawning and parturition induced by the SSRIs fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, and zimelidine. In zebra mussels, both cyproheptadine and mianserin significantly blocked spawning induced by fluvoxamine and by zimelidine. In the fingernail clams Sphaerium spp., both cyproheptadine and mianserin blocked fluvoxamine‐induced parturition. A possible mechanism of action for SSRI‐induced spawning and parturition in bivalves is suggested. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:67–72, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Error analysis of the fast inhomogeneous plane wave algorithm for 2D free‐space cases
Authors: Ohnuki Shinichiro , Chew Weng Cho 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe fast inhomogeneous plane wave algorithm is another approach of the diagonal factorization of the Green's function which is represented by the infinite integration. In this paper, we discuss the error analysis in terms of the truncation of the integration path and the indispensable extrapolation process. Finally, this algorithm will be shown to be error controllable. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 300–304, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11043
Turkey
Authors: Cavusgil S. Tamer , Civi Emin , Tutek H. Hulya , Dalgic Tevfik 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe Turkish Republic was founded in 1923, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey is strategically
positioned at the crossroads of Europe, the Black Sea region, and the Turkic‐speaking republics of
Central Asia. It is also situated on the Mediterranean coast at close proximity to the Middle East, the Gulf
States, and North Africa. It thus offers an excellent base for economic activities throughout the region. The
country was a gateway from the ancient Silk Road to new markets and today is becoming a powerful focal point as
a cultural and political intermediary as well as a regional trade center of growing importance. Turkey is the
17th largest economy in the world (Economist, 2003; World Bank, 2001).Turkish culture, history, and people have always fascinated scholars. In recent years, the country also has
captured the attention of Western companies and investors. Once highly insular, the Turkish economy has been
transformed over the past two decades into a vibrant liberal market within a rapidly modernizing society. It is
regarded by the U.S. Department of Commerce as one of the top emerging markets.This article will explore the foundations of the Turkish economy, business system, and business culture from
the perspective of foreign companies. Following a brief overview of the economy, the country's market
potential is discussed. Next, entry strategies—including potential partnerships with indigenous
firms—are recommended. Finally, we offer insights into the business culture, and provide tips for working
effectively with Turkish business people. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New perspectives on mitochondrial morphology in cell function
Authors: Brocard Jacques B. , Rintoul Gordon L. , Reynolds Ian J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMitochondria are a node of integration for intracellular signaling pathways and their morphology changes seem to be tightly associated with their function. New data show that morphology is one of the parameters involved in mitochondria's choice between promoting cell death and protecting cells against general metabolic jeopardy.
Existence of Lipschitzian solutions to the classical problem of the calculus of variations in the autonomous case
Authors: Cellina A. , Ferriero A. 
Published: June 2003

Under general growth assumptions, that include some cases of linear growth, we prove existence of Lipschitzian solutions to the problem of minimizing

∫_a^b L(x(s),x'(s)) ds

with the boundary conditions

x(a)=A

,

x(b)=B

.

Résumé

Dans l’article on démontre l’existence de solutions Lipschitziennes du problème de minimiser

∫_a^b L(x(s),x'(s)) ds

,

x(a)=A

,

x(b)=B

, avec des conditions faibles, de croissance, qui comprennent des cas de croissance linéaire.
Milton’s conjecture on the regularity of solutions to isotropic equations
Authors: Faraco Daniel 
Published: June 2003

We present examples showing that the threshold for the integrability of the gradient of solutions to isotropic equations is

2K/(K−1)

. The main tools are

p

-laminates and Beltrami Operators.

Résumé

Nous présentons des exemples, qui prouvent que le seuil de l’intégrabilité du gradient des solutions des équations isotropiques est

2K/(K−1)

. Les techniques principales sont les

p

-laminates et les opérateurs de Beltrami.
Nonhyperbolic persistent attractors near the Morse–Smale boundary
Authors: San Martı́n Rebolledo Bernardo , Vera Valenzuela Jaime A , Muñoz Morales Eduardo M 
Published: June 2003

In this paper we present a submanifold

\mathcal {N}

of codimension two contained in the Morse–Smale regular boundary in

\mathcal X^r(M)

, the space of

\mathcal C^r

vector fields on a 3-dimensional manifold

M

, which exhibits singular cycles, such that for generic 2-parameter families going through, it has nonhyperbolic nontrivial attractors for a set of parameters with positive Lebesgue measure.

Résumé

Dans cet article on construit une sous-variété

\mathcal {N}

de codimension deux contenue dans la frontière régulière de l’ensemble des champs de vecteurs Morse–Smale de

\mathcal X^r(M)

, l’espace de champs de vecteurs de classe

\mathcal C^r

sur la variété de dimension trois

M

, laquelle présente des cycles singuliers tels que, toute famille générique à deux paramètres transversale à

\mathcal {N}

possède des ensembles attractifs non hyperboliques et non triviaux pour un ensemble de paramètres dont la mesure de Lebesgue est positive.
Neumann and second boundary value problems for Hessian and Gauß curvature flows
Authors: Schnürer Oliver C , Smoczyk Knut 
Published: June 2003

We consider the flow of a strictly convex hypersurface driven by the Gauß curvature. For the Neumann boundary value problem and for the second boundary value problem we show that such a flow exists for all times and converges eventually to a solution of the prescribed Gauß curvature equation. We also discuss oblique boundary value problems and flows for Hessian equations.

Résumé
Nous considérons le flot d’une hypersurface strictement convexe piloté par la courbure de Gauß. Pour le problème aux limites de Neumann et pour le deuxième problème aux limites nous montrons qu’un tel flot existe pour tout temps et converge vers une solution de l’équation de courbure de Gauß prescrite. Nous étudions aussi des problèmes aux limites oblique et les flots pour des équations hessiennes.