bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEONTOLOGY OF THE ‘BLACK SHALE’ FACIES OF THE SEMANGGOL FORMATION (CHERT UNIT) AT BUKIT MERAH (PERAK, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA)
Authors: Estelle Liew Joannemarie , Gámez Vintaned José Antonio 
Published: February 2024

In the Semanggol formation cropping out in Northern Perak, a ‘black shale’ facies was identified at the lowermost level of the chert unit at Bukit Merah, containing trace and body fossils. Despite some recent contributions made in Northern Perak outcrops, some questions about the origin of the ‘black shale’ facies remain open, particularly its depositional palaeoenvironment, palaeo-oxygenation history and biochronological age. Moreover, the presence of trace and body fossils in the facies contradicts ‘classical’ views of the ‘black shales’ of the Semanggol formation. Therefore, this study aims to describe the lithostratigraphic and palaeontological contents of the facies, as well as to apply sedimentological, palaeoichnological, petrographical and geochemical analyses for ascertaining the origin of it. The results revealed a shallow marine, sublittoral setting based on the identification of the Cruziana ichnofacies. The coarsening- and the thickening-upward trend observed in the studied stratigraphic section is compatible with a prograding, distal deltaic sequence. Two sources of additional oxygen are identifying as the episodic storm events andthe presence of microbial mats, which frequently replenished the oxygen levels at the seafloor. Hence, the deposition occurred under relatively well-oxygenated conditions. Finally, the age of the succession is Early Triassic based on the presence of the bivalve genus Claraia.
Keywords: Cruziana ichnofacies, palaeo-oxygenation, body fossils, sedimentological, petrographical, microbialmats
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CRITICAL PARAMETERS ON CONING IN HORIZONTAL WELLS
Authors: Sulaimon Aliyu Adebayo , Abdullah Norlie , Vatsa Suyash 
Published: February 2024

Water coning is described as an upward movement of water into the perforation in oil-producing wells which lead to water production along with the crude oil. This coning may reduce oil production rate and could substantially increase water production. Hence, many correlations from previous study and available solutions were investigated to estimate the actual critical oil rate to control water-coning in horizontal wells. Specifically, the effects of fluid and rock properties such as viscosity, formation thickness, horizontal permeability, length of horizontal wells and density difference between oil and water on the critical flow rate were investigated. Results show that the oil viscosity and density difference between oil and water have more pronounced effects on coning rate than other parameters. However, while coning tendency becomes more pronounced as the oil becomes more viscous, it is more favorable as the density difference increases (i.e. lighter oil). Moreover, the critical coning rate increases with an increase in the horizontal permeability and the well length. Knowledge of the impact of rock and fluid properties on coning is crucial in the design of mitigation strategies to prevent or effectively manage excessive water influx into the wellbore during oil and gas production.
Keywords: Water-coning, oil-critical rate, correlations, viscosity, density difference, horizontal wells
EVALUATION OF K-EPSILON MODEL FOR TURBULENT BUOYANT JET
Authors: Mohmmed Ahmed Osman Abu Bakr , Ovinis Mark 
Published: February 2024

The modelling of a turbulent buoyant jet is challenging due to the complex nature of such flow, which consists of two fluids with different densities, as well as the multi-scale flow phenomena associated in both space and time. In this paper, the k-epsilon turbulence model is applied to model a turbulent buoyant jet at different flow regimes including laminar and turbulent. The velocity field and centerline velocity are in good agreement with the experiments, as well as the expected results based on jet theory. Moreover, the distribution of the radial velocity matches with Gaussian distribution. The k-epsilon model is an appropriate turbulent model that can be applied for larger Reynolds number flow simulation.
Keywords: k-epsilon, turbulence model, CFD, turbulent buoyant jet.
AUTOMATIC ARRHYTHMIA DETECTION ALGORITHM USING STATISTICAL AND AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL FEATURES
Authors: Mohd Asri Muhammad Firdaus , Yahya Norashikin , Elamvazuthi Irraivan 
Published: February 2024

Human heart healthiness is one of the major components to determine a person’s overall healthiness. Automatic arrhythmia detection is important in a remote area where there is a lack of experienced cardiologists. In this work, an automatic arrhythmia detection algorithm is developed using statistical and autoregressive features to assist medical officers in the diagnosis of arrhythmia diseases. Basic statistical components namely mean, energy, standard deviation, mean absolute deviation, fractal, inter-quartile range and min/max value, were calculated. Alongside with statistical features, 10th order auto-regressive model parameters are used as input features to support vector machine (SVM). All features are calculated using an electrocardiogram (ECG) signals windowed into per beat manner. The proposed algorithm is able to classify normal ECG beat and five types of abnormal ECG beat; paced beat, right & left bundle branch block beat, premature ventricular contraction beat and aberrated atrial premature beat. By using SVM with quadratic and cubic kernel function, the proposed algorithm achieved the best accuracy of 95.8%.
Keywords: ECG, cascade-SVM, AR model, statistical model, heart condition, computer-aided diagnosis
MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE TELUK NIPAH SHORELINES
Authors: Foo Wen Yao , Teh Hee Min , Babatunde Abdul-Lateef 
Published: February 2024

The coastal retreat is one of the most common problems taking place at littoral zones, and it will only become an issue if the area is overwhelmed with commercial developments and anthropogenic activities. The coastal erosion experienced by the shoreline of Teluk Nipah, which is located at the west of Pangkor Island in Malaysia, has triggered some levels of attention among the local authorities and community. The root cause of the erosion and shoreline retreat rates remain uncertain, is due to the unavailability of records studies on beach morphodynamics in the past. Hence, this study aims to assess the decadal shoreline changes of Teluk Nipah by using remote sensing technology. Landsat satellite imageries, which ranges from 1990 to 2018, have been acquired for quantification of the shoreline change rate at Teluk Nipah using a GIS software - ArcGIS. The analysis results indicated that the shoreline is dynamic and unstable between the 1990s to 2010s. The most populated area of the shoreline experienced critical erosion that requires immediate attention by the stakeholders.
Keywords: Coastal morphology, coastal retreat, erosion, littoral zone, remote sensing
EFFECT OF CUTTING PARAMETERS ON TEMPERATURE OF A SINGLE POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACT (PDC) CUTTER
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Hazim , Maoinser Mohd Azuwan 
Published: February 2024

The usage of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bit has significantly increased in the petroleum industry due to its high rate of penetration and long life. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the temperature effect to PDC bit, specifically its cutter during the drilling operation. Temperature causes the degradation of the PDC cutter by reducing its lifespan. A thorough understanding of factors that affect the temperature of the PDC cutter is crucial in predicting the optimum cutting parameters. Hence, it is the objective of this study to evaluate the effect of cutting parameters on the temperature of the single PDC cutter in rock cutting. In this study, a rock cutting experiment was conducted by using a lathe machine tested on single PDC cutter. The parameters involve were rotational speed and depth of cut. The temperature was captured using an infrared thermographic camera, FLIR T640 and the spot measurement was used to pinpoint the temperature readings at the tooltip of PDC cutter. It was found that the depth of cut had the greater influence on temperature when measured over a range of 16 levels as the temperature increase in linear trend with increasing depth of cut as well as the high correlation of the plot (R2=0.98). However, tests for rotational speed showed less significant influence on temperature when measured over a range of four levels where the percentage error of the temperature for each rotational speed was less than 10%. It can be concluded that only the depth of cut has a significant effect on the temperature of a single PDC cutter.
Keywords: Rock cutting, temperature, Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), rotational speed, depth of cut
SIMULATION OF CO-PROCESSING BIO-OIL AND VGO IN FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNITS
Authors: Alias Amirah Farhana , Adi Putra Zulfan , Bilad M Roil , Wirzal M Dzul Hakim , M Nordin Nik Abdul Hadi 
Published: February 2024

Biofuel is a promising substitute for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to provide highly sustainable fuels. Several technical challenges are indeed present during upgrading bio-oil to transportation fuel on a large scale. Co-processing bio-oil with some petroleum fractions in existing refineries serves as an alternative method to minimise processing costs. This paper aims to evaluate the co-processing by exploring the effects of temperature, bio-oil ratios and types of bio-oil to the product yields and quality in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit within a refinery complex. The considered bio-oil are produced from pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Empty Fruit bunch (EFB). The results show that bio-oil from PKS is better suited to produce gasoline due to its aromatic nature and its carbon range similarities compared to that from EFB. A mixture of 20% of hydrodeoxygenated (HDO) PKS in vacuum gas oil (VGO) shows a 5% improvement of naphtha yield while 20% raw bio-oil from PKS produces 4% increase in light cycle oil (LCO) yield.
Keywords: co-processing, fluid catalytic cracking, bio-oil, palm kernel shell, empty fruit bunch, simulation
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD THE INVOLVEMENT IN DEVELOPING INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS USING POWTOON TOOL
Authors: Mohyaldinn Mysara Eissa , Kaur A. , Alhassan H.S. , Hasan M.L. , Yousif A. , Ayoub M.A. 
Published: February 2024

Student-faculty partnership has proven to significantly enhance many attributes in the teaching-learning process due to its ability to expose students to higher levels of engagement, enforcing the confidence, motivation, and responsibility of the students, as well as the establishment of a friendly and tight relationship between the students and faculties. Nevertheless, the student-faculty partnership is not only limitedly practised in Malaysia, but also the occasionally reported practices have involved matured postgraduate students with educational background and significant experience in teaching and learning. In this study, the student-faculty partnership has been implemented for undergraduate students to enhance the process of teaching and learning. This is done by involving the students in developing instructional videos using POWTOON tool. The study analysed three sources of data, viz. a survey questionnaire, online quiz marks, and test 1 marks, to assess the students’ perception toward this experience as well as to evaluate its impact on their academic performance. The findings indicate that student-faculty partnership has significantly improved the students’ learning and soft skills. In fact, the students responded positively to the activities conducted throughout this experience and gave positive feedback about the developed instructional materials. As an implication of this study, we strongly believe that the findings will serve as a good start for spreading the practice of the partnership of undergraduate students with faculties in Malaysian universities.
Keywords: Partnership, learning, improvement, engagement
SIGNIFICANCE OF BATH TEMPERATURE IN LOADING HALLOYSITE NANOTUBE WITH A CORROSION INHIBITOR
Authors: Suresh Kumar Subhalakshmi , Kakooei Saeid , Ismail Mokhtar Che , Haris Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

Smart anti-corrosion coatings have gained importance over the last few decades due to its significant properties and the ability to protect metals over a long time. Halloysite nanotubes based smart coatings, in particular, are the centre of research interest as it is non-toxic, cheap and has properties similar to carbon nanotubes. Hence there is a need to study the different parameters affecting the loading efficiency of halloysite nanotubes. In this paper, Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate was loaded into the halloysite nanotubes in a vaporiser using ethanol as the solvent at different bath temperatures of 80°C, 60°C and 40°C. The obtained samples were characterised using Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy to study the structure and morphology, the bonds formed by various components, the transmittance and the absorbance. The results showed that the halloysite nanotubes loaded at 80°C had higher loading efficiency than the ones loaded at 60°C and 40°C.
Keywords: smart coatings, vaporiser, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate, SEM, FTIR analysis, loading capacity
THERMAL STABILITY STUDY OF GREASE FORMULATED FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE OIL
Authors: Rahman W. , Abdul Aziz Mohd Aizuddin , Hamid Norasiha , Japar N.S.A. 
Published: February 2024

This is aimed to investigate the effect of additives on thermal stability of grease formulated with waste transformer oil (WTO). One of the key factors of grease functionality is thermal stability. Grease is unsuitable for high-temperature use if the matrix is unable to withstand high temperature. Addition of additive is able to improve the grease thermal stability. In this work, three types of additives (molybdenum disulphide, fumed silica, and polytetrafluoroethylene) were tested as thermal stability additive. The grease was characterized using ASTM International standards and SKF’s Grease Test Kit. Based on grease characterization, the addition of additive was found slightly affecting the grease properties. Fumed silica was observed able to improve the grease thermal stability by 3.6%.
Keywords: Waste transformer oil, thermal stability, sodium grease, molybdenum disulphide, fumed silica, PTFE
THE INFLUENCE OF PYROLYSIS PROCESS CONDITIONS ON THE QUALITY OF COCONUT SHELLS CHARCOAL
Authors: Ahmad Rabi Kabir , Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar , Yusuf Suzana B , Dol Sharul Sham , Umar H.A , Inayat M. 
Published: February 2024

The availability of biofuel from renewable raw material and its lower negative environmental impact, when compared to fossil fuels, are some of the properties that make a biofuel commendatory. In this study, the influence of residence time, temperature and particle size on the quality parameters such as ash content, moisture content and the calorific value of the coconut shell charcoal was studied. The charcoal was obtained by carbonising clean, thoroughly dried coconut shells in an oxygen-free environment at a temperature range of 250-450°C, the residence time of 15-75 minutes, and particle sizes of 5 mm and 25 mm. The charcoal was analysed in terms of the changes of these quality parameters as a result of thermal conversion of the coconut shells during the pyrolysis process. All the studied quality parameters were dependent on the pyrolysis process conditions. The calorific value and the ash content increased with an increase in the residence time from 25.99 MJ/kg to 29.54 MJ/kg and 1.02% to 1.13%, while the higher the residence time of the pyrolysis process, the lower the moisture content in the charcoal. An increase in pyrolysis temperature from 250°C to 450°C increased the ash content and the calorific value of the charcoal from 1.01% to 1.11% and 24.73 MJ/kg to 29.15 MJ/kg respectively. In the case of moisture content, it decreased with an increase in temperature from 2.43% to 1.21%.
Keywords: Pyrolysis, charcoal, calorific value, ash content, moisture content, temperature, residence time
DEVELOPMENT OF RAINFALL INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY (IDF) CURVES FOR DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrasheed , Dan’Azumi Salisu , Ahmed Modibbo Abubakar , Adamu Abubakar Abbas 
Published: February 2024

Rainfall intensity is an essential parameter in the design of any hydraulic structure. The IDF curves are used to design hydraulic structures such as culverts, bridges, roads, urban drainage systems, and many more. Colonial masters developed the first IDF curve for Kano State based on records of 1938 - 1944 (6 years) followed by Oyenbade (1982), and since then, it has not been reviewed or updated. As a result of changes in rainfall patterns that have taken place over time and the climate change, the Oyenbade IDF curves might no longer be suitable for hydraulics design in Kano State. Therefore, this research aims to develop the new IDF curves and establish empirical equations of rainfall intensity that can be used for safe and economic hydraulics design in Kano State. India Meteorological Department (IMD) reduction formula was used to disaggregate maximum daily rainfall of Kano gauge station into the rainfall of shorter durations. Lognormal probability distribution was found to fit best the data set of all the durations using Easyfit 5.0 software and estimate rainfall intensities for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years return periods. It was found out that rainfall intensities increase with the increase in return periods but decreases with an increase in duration. The coefficient of determination ‘R2’ for all return periods indicated a strong relationship in IDF models developed. Hence, the new IDF curves developed should estimate rainfall intensities for hydraulics design in Kano State. The derived IDF models could be used for better results and accuracy.
Keywords: Probability distributions, IMD reduction formula, return periods, rainfall duration, easy fit software 5.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STRESS OF Si AND SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Devadas Shree Chakravarthy , Kannan Ramani 
Published: February 2024

The performance of power MOSFET is affected by high thermal stress exposure. A high level of thermal stress is induced when the MOSFET experiences a temperature change. This finding is about the bonding wire lift-off on the solder pad. The MOSFET model is designed with the heatsink to ensure accurate results are obtained in this research work. The key intention of this research is to investigate the condition of silicon and silicon carbide power MOSFETs during thermal stress. The thermal properties of silicon and silicon carbide MOSFET were investigated by developing a 3D modal and thermal stress simulation in the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Thermal resistance was calculated by randomly selecting a power loss value of 100 Watts. Junction temperature for silicon and silicon carbide MOSFET was taken from several articles mentioned in the results and discussion.
Keywords: Thermal stress, bonding wire lift-off, temperature change, MOSFET
OVERFIT PREVENTION IN HUMAN MOTION DATA BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Chan Choon Kit , Chala Girma T. 
Published: February 2024

Motion analysis has been an active research area for the past decade. Several approaches had been proposed to detect and recognize motion activity for different applications such as motion estimation, modeling, and reconstruction. However, a suitable classifier is required to be embedded with the surveillance system to ensure accurate motion recognition. During these processes, the recognition system compares the captured motion with the motion database in order to recognize the motion activity. However, the classifier can only recognize the motion activities that are closely fit with the database, and overfitting has been an issue in this process. Hence, this paper is aimed at resolving overfitting problem by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for motion classification. The motion data was transformed into numerical data with an aid of Kinovea. Data mining software called WEKA was used to perform motion classification. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which is known as ANN, was modified to recognize different motion activities in the classification process. It was observed that MLP is able to yield classification accuracy of 97.62%. Overfitting issues were also solved by manipulating learning rates in the ANN classifier. A reduced learning rate from 0.3 to 0.1 improved the classification accuracy of jumping motion by up to 12.04%.
Keywords: overfitting, data pre-processing, classification, multi-layer perceptron, recognition, WEKA
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SOLAR VORTEX POWER GENERATION SYSTEM INTEGRATED WITH SENSIBLE THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
Authors: Al-Kayiem Hussain H. , Tukkee Ali M. , Mohd Azid Nurul Fathonah 
Published: February 2024

Solar updraft power technologies suffer low efficiency and require a large collection area. Enhancement techniques are essential to overcome these setbacks. This paper investigates and discusses the effect of extended Sensible Thermal Energy Storage (STES) outside the canopy of the Solar Vortex Power Generation (SVPG) system. The extended sensible thermal energy storage integration is evaluated experimentally utilizing an SVPG model installed in the solar research site in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS. The system consists of an (8-m-Dia). solar collector and a vortex generator. The selected material of the STES is black-painted pebbles that covered the ground underneath the canopy of the solar collector and then extended by 1 m outside the canopy. The variables considered for the performance evaluation are ambient, air inlet and outlet of the collector temperatures, incident solar irradiance, and air outlet velocity. Two cases have been studied, one with black painted pebbles covering the ground up to the outer diameter of the canopy (8-m-Dia) and the second is 1.0 m extended coverage outside the canopy (10-m-Dia). The performance of the SVPG is proven to enhance by the extension of the STES beyond the collector area. The extension of STES increased the mean thermal efficiency value by 0.85% and increased the mass flow rate by 0.01 kg/s. The performance indicator is increased by around 19.3%. It could be concluded that the extension of pebbles outside the canopy increases the amount of solar photothermic conversion, leading to improved efficiency of the SVPG system.
Keywords: natural convection, photothermic conversion, sensible thermal energy storage, solar vortex engine, solar updraft power