bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen activator and collagenase production by cultured capillary endothelial cells
Authors: Gross JL , Moscatelli D , Jaffe EA , Rifkin DB 
Published: May 2004

Cultured bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells produce low levels of collagenolytic activity and significant amounts of the serine protease plasminogen activator (PA). When grown in the presence of nanomolar quantities of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), BCE cells produced 5-15 times more collagenolytic activity and 2-10 times more PA than untreated cells. The enhanced production of these enzymes was dependent on the dose of TPA used, with maximal response at 10(-7) to 10(-8) M. Phorbol didecanoate (PDD), an analog of TPA which is an active tumor promoter, also increased protease production. 4-O-methyl-TPA and 4α-PDD, two analogs of TPA which are inactive as tumor promoters, had no effect on protease production. Increased PA and collagenase activities were detected within 7.5 and 19 h, respectively, after the addition of TPA. The TPA-stimulated BCE cells synthesized a urokinase-type PA and a typical vertebrate collagenase.
BCE cells were compared with bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells and bovine embryonic skin (BES) fibroblasts with respect to their production of protease in response to TPA. Under normal growth conditions, low levels of collagenolyic activity were detected in the culture fluids from BCE, BAE, and BES cells. BCE cells produced 5-13 times the basal levels of collagenolytic activity in response to TPA, whereas BAE cells and BES fibroblasts showed a minimal response to TPA. Both BCE and BAE cells exhibited relatively high basal levels of PA, the production of which was stimulated approximately threefold by the addition of TPA. The observation that BCE cells and not BAE cells produced high levels of both PA and collagenase activities in response to TPA demonstrates a significant difference between these two types of endothelial cells and suggests that the enhanced detectable activities are a property unique to bovine capillary and microvessel and endothelial cells.
Yeast Mannans inhibit binding and phagocytosis of zymosan by mouse peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Sung SJ , Nelson RS , Silverstein SC 
Published: May 2004

We have examined the effects of various mannans, glycoproteins, oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and sugar phosphates on the binding and phagocytosis of yeast cell walls (zymosan) by mouse peritoneal macrophages. A phosphonomannan (PO(4):mannose ratio = 1:8:6) from kloeckera brevis was the most potent inhibitor tested; it inhibited binding and phagocytosis by 50 percent at concentrations of approximately 3-5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml, respectively. Removal of the phosphate from this mannan by mild acid and alkaline phosphatase treatment did not appreciably reduce its capacity to inhibit zymosan phagocytosis. The mannan from saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant LB301 inhibits phagocytosis by 50 percent at 0.3 mg/ml, and a neutral exocellular glucomannan from pichia pinus inhibited phagocytosis by 50 percent at 1 mg/ml. Cell wall mannans from wild type S. cervisiae X2180, its mnn2 mutant which contains mannan with predominantly 1(arrow)6- linked mannose residues, yeast exocellular mannans and O-phosphonomannans were less efficient inhibitors requiring concentrations of 1-5 mg/ml to achieve 50 percent reduction in phagocytosis. Horseradish peroxidase, which contains high-mannose type oligosaccharides, was also inhibitory.
Mannan is a specific inhibitor of zymosan binding and phagocytosis. The binding and ingestion of zymosan but not of IgG- or complement-coated erythrocytes can be obliterated by plating macrophages on substrates coated with poly-L-lysin (PLL)-mannan. Zymosan uptake was completely abolished by trypsin treatment of the macrophages and reduced by 50-60 percent in the presence of 10 mM EGTA. Pretreatment of the macrophages with chloroquine inhibited zymosan binding and ingestion. These results support the proposal that the macrophage mannose/N-acetylglucosamine receptor (P. Stahl, J.S. Rodman, M.J. Miller, and P.H. Schlesinger, 1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:1399-1403, mediates the phagocytosis of zymosan particles.
Membrane proteins of the vacuolar system. III. Further studies on the composition and recycling of endocytic vacuole membrane in cultured macrophages
Authors: Muller WA , Steinman RM , Cohn ZA 
Published: May 2004

In previous publications (Muller, W.A., R.M. Steinman, Z.A. Cohn. 1980, J.Cell Biol. 86:292-314), we found that the membrane of macrophage phagolysosomes could be selectively radioiodinated in living cells, The technique required phagocytosis of lactoperoxidase covalently coupled to latex spheres (LPO-latex), followed by iodination on ice with Na(125)I and hydrogen peroxide. In this paper, we use the LPO-latex system to further analyze the composition and recycling of phagocytic vacuole membrane.
Three approaches were employed to examine the polypeptide composition of the phagolysosome (PL) and plasma membranes (PM). (a) The efficiency of intracellular iodination was increased by increasing lysosomal pH with chloroquine. By one-dimensional SDS PAGE, the heavily labeled chloroquine-treated PL exhibited the same labeled polypeptides as PM iodinated extracellularly with LPO-latex. (b) Iodinated PL and PM were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. No differences in the isoelectric point and molecular weight of the major iodinated species were detected. (c) Quantitative immune precipitation was performed with five specific antibodies directed against cell surface antigens. Four antibodies precipitated similar relative amounts of labeled antigen on the cell surface and endocytic vacuole. One antibody, secreted by hybridoma 2.6, detected a 21-kdalton polypeptide that was enriched sevenfold in PL membrane. This enrichment was cell surface-derived, since the amount of labeled 2.6 was increased sevenfold when iodinated PM was driven into the cell during latex uptake. Therefore, intracellular iodination primarily detects PL proteins that are identical to their PM counterparts.
Additional studies employed electron microscope autoradiography to monitor the centrifugal flow of radiolabeled polypeptides from PL to PM. Cells were iodinated intralysosomally and returned to culture for only 5-10 min at 37 degrees C. Most of the cell-associated label then redistributed to the cell surface or its adjacent area. Significant movement out of the lysosome compartment occurred even at 2 degrees C and 22 degrees C. Extensive and rapid membrane flow through the secondary lysosome presumably contributes to the great similarity between PM and PL membrane polypeptides.
Specific and azurophilic granules from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. II. Cell surface localization of granule membrane and content proteins before and after degranulation
Authors: Brown WJ , Shannon WA , Snell WJ 
Published: May 2004

The compositional relationship between the cell surface of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the membranes of PMN cytoplasmic granules has been investigated. Heterophilic PMNs obtained from peritoneal exudates contained 13 cell surface polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 220,000 to 12,000 daltons as determined by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed protein iodination and gel electrophoresis. Of these, four polypeptides co-migrated with proteins identified as the major constituents of specific (SpG) and azurophilic (AzG) granule membranes. The most notable of these were cell surface proteins of 145,000 and 96,000 daltons that co-migrated with proteins identified as granule content proteins released from PMNs during exocytosis. Extensive washing did not remove these proteins from the cell surface.
Iodination of PMNs after the release of SpG and AzG contents by calcium ionophore- induced exocytosis revealed that there was not a dramatic quantitative change in the proteins on the cell surface. Instead, there were large, quantitative increases in the relative amounts of (125)I that were incorporated into several pre-existing cell surface proteins; all of these cell surface proteins co-migrated as a set with those polypeptides identified as either granule membrane or content proteins. Although nearly all of the major polypeptides of SpG and AzG had counterparts on the cell surface of freshly isolated peritoneal exudates PMNs, there were several polypeptides that were unique to the cell surface. Thus, the PMN has at least three membrane compartments with strikingly different protein compositions.
Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Zonisamide as Adjunctive Treatment for Refractory Partial Seizures
Authors: Sackellares J. Chris , Ramsay R. Eugene , Wilder B. Joseph , Browne Thomas R. , Shellenberger M. Kent 
Published: May 2004

Summary:  Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of zonisamide (ZNS) as adjunctive treatment for patients with refractory partial seizures. Methods: This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted at four epilepsy treatment centers. It included a baseline phase (8 to 12 weeks) and a double‐blind treatment phase (12 weeks). Initially, patients randomized to ZNS treatment were given a 7‐mg/kg/d dosage. When investigators found that adverse effects could be reduced by gradually introducing ZNS, patients were allowed to begin treatment at lower doses (100 mg or ∼1.5 mg/kg/d) titrated over several weeks to a maximum of 400 to 600 mg/d. Primary and secondary efficacy measures were the median percentage reduction from baseline in seizure frequency and the proportion of patients achieving a ≥50% reduction from baseline (responder rate). Patient and physician global assessments also served as indicators of efficacy. Safety was assessed primarily by treatment‐emergent adverse events. Results: ZNS‐treated patients had a 28.9% reduction in seizure frequency, which differed significantly from the 4.7% increase in placebo‐treated patients. The responder rate for ZNS‐treated patients was 26.9%, compared with 16.2% for placebo‐treated patients. At study's end, 66.2% of ZNS‐treated patients and 12.3% of placebo‐treated patients considered their condition improved; similarly, physicians assessed 63.6% of ZNS‐treated patients and 10.8% of placebo‐treated patients as improved. The most frequently reported adverse events with ZNS treatment included somnolence, irritability, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Conclusions: As adjunctive treatment, ZNS was generally well tolerated and significantly improved seizure control among patients with refractory partial seizures.
Autosomal Recessive Idiopathic Epilepsy in an Inbred Family from Turkey: Identification of a Putative Locus on Chromosome 9q32‐33
Authors: Baykan Betül , Madia Francesca , Bebek Nerses , Gianotti Stefania , Güney Ahmet Ilter , Cine Naci , Bianchi Amedeo , Gökyiğit Ayşen , Zara Federico 
Published: May 2004

Summary: Purpose:The study describes the clinical features of an inbred family from Turkey with three members affected by seizures and tests possible autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance by means of linkage analysis.Methods:Personal and family history was obtained from each subject, and general physical, neurologic, and EEG examinations were performed. A set of 382 fluorescence‐labeled markers was used for the initial genome‐wide search. A further set of 83 markers was used to map the locus precisely and to exclude the remaining genome.Results:Twelve individuals from three generations were examined. Two subjects were affected by idiopathic epilepsy, whereas, their brother experienced a single unprovoked generalized seizure. Two siblings affected by idiopathic epilepsy and their unaffected sister showed a photoparoxysmal response to photic stimulation. Nine family members reported migraine. The genome‐wide search led to the identification of a unique homozygous, 15.1‐cM region shared by subjects with seizures on chromosome 9q32‐33 and providing a lod score of 2.9. This locus, however, was not associated with migraine in this pedigree.Conclusions:The study suggests that idiopathic epileptic traits with AR inheritance might be underestimated in the general population and that inbred pedigrees may represent powerful tools for the identification of AR genes.
Regional Cerebral Hyperperfusion with Ictal Dystonic Posturing: Ictal–Interictal SPECT Subtraction
Authors: Joo Eun Yeon , Hong Seung Bong , Lee Eun Kyung , Tae Woo Suk , Kim Jee Hyun , Seo Dae Won , Hong Seung Chyul , Kim Seunghwan , Kim Myoung‐Hee 
Published: May 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Ictal–interictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) subtraction was performed to find brain structures related to ictal dystonic posturing (DP) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: Thirty‐two patients with mesial TLE who had ictal and interictal SPECTs were included. They were divided into two groups; DP group with ictal dystonia during ictal SPECT (n = 15) and Non‐DP group without ictal DP (n = 17). Ictal–interictal SPECT subtraction was performed, and then subtracted SPECT was coregistered with brain spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ictal hyperperfusion on subtracted SPECT was analyzed in basal ganglia, frontal cortex, thalamus, temporal lobe, and insular cortex. Results: The incidences of ictal hyperperfusion on brain regions in DP versus Non‐DP groups were 80.0% (12 of 15 patients) versus none (0 of 17), p = 0.001, χ2, in caudate nucleus; 93.3% (14 of 15) versus 47.0% (eight of 17), p = 0.005, in putamen; and 80.0% (12 of 15) versus 41.2% (seven of 17), p = 0.026, in thalamus. No significant difference of ictal hyperperfusion was found in globus pallidus, temporal lobes, insular and frontal cortices between DP and Non‐DP groups. DP patients showed an earlier age at seizure onset [8.6 years (DP) vs. 15.7 years (Non‐DP) (p = 0.015)] and a longer duration of seizure history [19.0 years (DP) vs. 11.9 years (Non‐DP) (p = 0.015)]. Conclusions: Caudate nucleus, putamen, and thalamus were significantly related to the ictal DP during TLE seizures. Our study showed first an active involvement of the caudate nucleus in the generation of ictal DP.
Economic Evaluation of Epilepsy in Kiremba (Burundi): A Case–Control Study
Authors: Nsengiyumva Georges , Druet‐Cabanac Michel , Nzisabira Léopold , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Vergnenègre Alain 
Published: May 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Epilepsy is a common disease whose prevalence across Africa is extremely variable (from 5 to 74‰). Its social and economic consequences in this continent are not well established. The objective of this study was to compare the cost of care of patients with epilepsy with that of controls in the commune of Kiremba in Burundi. Methods: The survey was carried out in the commune of Kiremba from March 1, 2001, to April 30, 2001. A sample of cases (patients with epilepsy) and controls was taken from the general population. The economic analysis was conducted from the viewpoint of the patient. Data collected were direct medical costs (consultations, admissions to hospital, complementary examinations, treatments) and indirect costs (evaluated from the number of days of family life disrupted). Results: In this study, 1,056 patients were included (352 patients with epilepsy and 704 controls). The total annual cost of patients with epilepsy was US$11.0 against US$7.3 for controls (p = 0.03). The indirect costs represented 75.8% of the total cost. For the people with epilepsy that took antiepileptic treatment (n = 18), the annual average total cost became US$48.4. The number of disrupted days was 10.2 days (SD, 18.7 days) for the treated patients with epilepsy and 2.0 days (SD, 9.0 days) for the untreated ones (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Epilepsy was responsible for an extra cost: an increased direct cost along with more disruption of family life. This extra cost remained after adjustment for use of health care and antiepileptic treatments. Various measures could be envisioned to reduce the impact of indirect costs.
The Coexistence of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy and Partial Epilepsy
Authors: Nicolson Andrew , Chadwick David W. , Smith David F. 
Published: May 2004

Summary:  Purpose: To describe the clinical, EEG, and imaging data of a series of patients with features of both idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and partial epilepsy. Methods: A computerized database of all patients attending the regional epilepsy clinic was used to identify all patients with IGE. Case notes were reviewed, and cases with clinical evidence of co‐existing partial epilepsy identified. Results: Nine cases with clinical features of a partial and generalized‐onset epilepsy and with electrophysiological evidence of IGE are presented. This represented <1% of the overall IGE population in the clinic. Five (55.6%) patients are currently in remission, with successful epilepsy surgery in one patient. Conclusions: The coexistence of IGE and partial epilepsy is uncommon, and if appropriate treatment with a broad‐spectrum antiepileptic drug is given, then the prognosis can be good. Surgery should be considered for those cases with medically intractable partial‐onset seizures as part of this syndrome.
Very Fast Rhythmic Activity on Scalp EEG Associated with Epileptic Spasms
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Oka Makio , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Inoue Takushi , Abiru Kiyoko , Ogino Tatsuya , Yoshinaga Harumi , Ohtsuka Yoko , Oka Eiji 
Published: May 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Very fast activity was investigated on the ictal EEGs of epileptic spasms to elucidate the pathophysiology of West syndrome (WS) and related disorders from a novel point of view. Methods: The traces of scalp ictal EEG of spasms temporally were expanded in 11 patients whose clinical diagnosis was symptomatic WS in six, cryptogenic WS in two, Aicardi syndrome in one, and symptomatic generalized epilepsy after WS in the remaining two. Time evolution of averaged power spectra of the ictal fast activity also was analyzed in each patient. Results: Rhythmic gamma activity with frequency ranging from 50 to 100 Hz was detected in a total of 345 of 537 spasms. Fast activity was seen bilaterally in nine patients, was lateralized to one hemisphere in another, and appeared independently on each hemisphere in the remaining infant with Aicardi syndrome. Power spectra showed a clear peak corresponding to spasm‐associated gamma rhythm, with frequency centering ∼65 Hz and ranging from 51 to 98 Hz. The morphology and spectral characteristics of ictal gamma rhythm were completely different from those of muscle activity or alternating current (AC) artifacts. Conclusions: Spasm‐associated gamma activity was clearly detected on the scalp. This observation may provide a clue to the pathophysiology of spasms.
Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions: Linkage to Chromosome 16p12‐q12 in 14 Families
Authors: Weber Yvonne G. , Berger Andrea , Bebek Nerses , Maier Sabine , Karafyllakes Skevos , Meyer Nancy , Fukuyama Yukio , Halbach Anne , Hikel Christiane , Kurlemann Gerhard , Neubauer Bernd , Osawa Makiko , Püst Burkhard , Rating Dietz , Saito Kayoko , Stephani Ulrich , Tauer Ulrike , Lehmann‐Horn Frank , Jurkat‐Rott Karin , Lerche Holger 
Published: May 2004

Summary: Purpose:Benign familial infantile convulsions (BFIC) is a form of idiopathic epilepsy. It is characterized by clusters of afebrile seizures occurring around the sixth month of life. The disease has a benign course with a normal development and rare seizures in adulthood. Previous linkage analyses defined three susceptibility loci on chromosomes 19q12‐q13.11, 16p12‐q12, and 2q23‐31. However, a responsible gene has not been identified. We studied linkage in 16 further BFIC families.Methods:We collected 16 BFIC families, without an additional paroxysmal movement disorder, of German, Turkish, or Japanese origin with two to eight affected individuals. Standard two‐point linkage analysis was performed.Results:The clinical picture included a large variety of seizure semiologies ranging from paleness and cyanosis with altered consciousness to generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Interictal EEGs showed focal epileptiform discharges in six patients, and three ictal EEGs in three distinct patients revealed a focal seizure onset in different brain regions. In all analyzed families, we found no evidence for linkage to the BFIC loci on chromosomes 19q and 2q, as well as to the known loci for benign familial neonatal convulsions on chromosomes 8q and 20q. In 14 of the families, the chromosome 16 locus could be confirmed with a cumulative maximum two‐point lod score of 6.1 at marker D16S411, and the known region for BFIC could be narrowed to 22.5 Mbp between markers D16S690 and D16S3136.Conclusions:Our data confirm the importance of the chromosome 16 locus for BFIC and may narrow the relevant interval.
Mood Disturbance before and after Seizure Surgery: A Comparison of Temporal and Extratemporal Resections
Authors: Wrench Joanne , Wilson Sarah J. , Bladin Peter F. 
Published: May 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Mood disturbance is a common comorbid condition of temporal lobe epilepsy before and after seizure surgery. Few studies have examined mood disturbance in patients undergoing resections outside the temporal lobe (extratemporal resections). This study aimed to compare the early, postoperative evolution of mood disturbance in temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy patients to examine the effect of site of surgical resection on mood outcome. Methods: The study used a longitudinal design and was qualitative in nature. Sixty seizure surgery patients (43 temporal resections, 17 extratemporal resections) were assessed before surgery and at discharge, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, by using the Austin CEP Interview. Psychosocial adjustment, psychiatric difficulties, including depression and anxiety, and seizure frequency were assessed. Results: Before surgery, both temporal and extratemporal patients had significant psychiatric histories with similarly high rates of depression (33 and 53%, respectively) and anxiety (23 and 18%, respectively). After surgery, significantly more temporal patients were seizure free at each of the reviews compared with extratemporal patients. Temporal patients also reported significantly higher levels of depression (26%), anxiety (42%), and psychosocial adjustment difficulties (64%) at the 1‐month review than did extratemporal patients. Mood disturbance was significantly associated with adjustment difficulties in both groups, but was not related to seizure outcome at any review period. Conclusions: A general increase in mood disturbance was evident after surgery, particularly in temporal resection patients at the 1‐month review. Site of surgery and psychosocial adjustment showed significant associations with postoperative mood disturbance, supporting the role of both neurobiological and psychosocial factors in mood outcome.