bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration as a Conceptual Resource When Studying Skilled Migrants in the Workplace
Authors: Teräs Marianne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the concept of integration, which is used in everyday political and academic discussions and has its opponents and defenders. The aim is to explore how it is defined, described and used in studies focusing on skilled immigrants’ integration into the workplace. The chapter is inspired by conceptual analysis and uses conceptual approaches such as everyday, scientific, formal and functional concepts to reflect on the results of the analysis. The results show that integration is not clearly defined in the studies, but assumed that readers know what is meant by it. The process nature of integration is highlighted in the studies, and its many uses such as integration to work community, vocational practices and society. It is concluded that researchers need to be more conscious of their use of the concept of integration and be transparent what do they mean by it.
Integration and the Art of Making a Society: The Case of Swedish Society
Authors: Gougoulakis Petros 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the last refugee wave in the mid-2010s, Sweden received a high proportion of refugees compared to other countries. In connection with this, the debate about the country’s ability to manage the integration of immigrants intensified. The dominant discourse, which also had political repercussions, was that integration has failed. This chapter reflects on immigrants and ‘Swedishness’ in relation to integration, ethnicity and equality. Swedish Popular Adult education, ‘folkbildning’, will be used as an example of a democratic educational environment for collective learning, and as an instrument for successful democratization of the society promoting social cohesion and reducing inequality. The chapter examines the role of education for integration and inclusion, and the questions of who is a Swede, how one becomes a Swede.
Wegweisung zur Gesundheit: Gesundheit als Gemeingut
Authors: Wacker Elisabeth , Beck Iris , Brandt Martina , Köbsell Swantje , Lippke Sonia , Niehaus Mathilde 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Für Gesundheit gibt es keine allgemeinverbindliche Definition, aber es ist Konsens, dass Gesundheit mehr bedeutet als die Abwesenheit von Krankheit. Sie ist ein vielschichtiges Geschehen, das in Zusammenhang mit Lebensqualität, förderlichen Lebenssituationen und selbstbestimmter Lebensführung steht. Gesundheit als

Gemeingut

und das Schaffen gesundheitsfördernder Verhältnisse werden deswegen unter der Überschrift „

Health in All Policies

“ zunehmend als Querschnittsaufgabe gesehen. Dies gilt nicht nur für Deutschland, sondern weltweit. Dabei spielen insbesondere bei der WHO Fragen nach dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden (subjective well-being) eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle, wobei Chancengleichheit und Gerechtigkeit
für alle
zu berücksichtigen sind. Es gilt also, Strategien der

Gesundheitsförderung

zu entwickeln, die ausdrücklich auch Menschen jeden Alters und Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen berücksichtigen.
Dabei sollen die Faktoren, die Gesundheit beschränken, reduziert, und diejenigen, die sie ermöglichen,
gefördert werden. Dies verfolgen auch die Vereinten Nationen mittels der 17 Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung
(SDGs), die bis 2030 weltweit umgesetzt sein sollen. Aufgabe der WHO ist dabei, die Gesundheitslage weltweit
zu beobachten und zu bewerten, gerade auch im Hinblick auf die von der UN-BRK vorgegebene Menschenrechtsorientierung
für Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen. Dies wird im Verlauf des Kapitels vertieft und aufgezeigt, welche
Auswirkungen die Zuschreibung von Behinderung für die Gesundheit der Betroffenen hat.
On the functional equation $$\hbox {f}(\hbox {x}+\hbox {y})=\hbox {g}(\hbox {xy})$$
Authors: Erdei Péter , Glavosits Tamás , Házy Attila 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe functional equation $$f(x+y)=g(xy)$$

f
(
x
+
y
)
=
g
(
x
y
)

is investigated with unknown functions $$f:A+A\rightarrow Y$$

f
:
A
+
A
→
Y

, $$g:A\cdot A\rightarrow Y$$

g
:
A
·
A
→
Y

in the following cases: $$A:=\left]\alpha ,\beta \right[\subseteq \mathbb {F}_{+}$$

A
:
=

α
,
β

⊆

F
+

where $$\mathbb {F}$$
F
is an Archimedean ordered field; A is the set of all positive integers; A is the set of all positive dyadic rational numbers. The set Y is an arbitrarily fixed (infinite) set. The main result of the paper shows that there exists a set $$A\subseteq \mathbb {R}_{+}$$

A
⊆

R
+

that is closed under addition and multiplication and there exist functions f, $$g:A\rightarrow Y$$

g
:
A
→
Y

which satisfy the equation $$f(x+y)=g(xy)$$

f
(
x
+
y
)
=
g
(
x
y
)

for all $$x,y\in A$$

x
,
y
∈
A

such that the range of the function f is infinite. Finally, some application of the above results is also given.
„Platelet-rich plasma“ (PRP)
Authors: Platzer Hadrian , Kubon Kristina Dorothea , Diederichs Solvig , Bork Alena , Gantz Simone , Schiltenwolf Marcus , Renkawitz Tobias , Bangert Yannic 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Variabilität von PRP trägt maßgeblich dazu bei, dass bisher noch keine ausreichende Evidenz für einen therapeutischen Einsatz von PRP für muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen besteht. In einer großen Studie untersuchen wir mögliche Einflussfaktoren der PRP-Zusammensetzung. Die hier ausgegliederten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Konzentrationen von IL‑6, nicht aber die von IGF‑1 oder der zellulären Bestandteile, im PRP von Veganern gegenüber Omnivoren signifikant und gegenüber Vegetariern tendenziell verringert waren. Dies legt nahe, dass die Ernährung einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf therapeutisch aktive PRP-Bestandteile haben kann. Hingegen schienen die hier untersuchten Komponenten nicht wesentlich durch den Blutentnahmezeitpunkt beeinflusst zu sein. Die Identifikation wesentlicher Einflussgrößen auf die PRP-Zusammensetzung wird essenziell sein, um eine ausreichende medizinische Evidenz für den therapeutischen Effekt von PRP bei orthopädischen Erkrankungsbildern zu generieren.
Brain perfusion estimation by Tikhonov model-free deconvolution in a long axial field of view PET/CT scanner exploring five different PET tracers
Authors: Larsson Henrik Bo Wiberg , Law Ian , Andersen Thomas L. , Andersen Flemming L. , Fischer Barbara M. , Vestergaard Mark B. , Larsson Tanne S. W. , Lindberg Ulrich 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
New total-body PET scanners with a long axial field of view (LAFOV) allow for higher temporal resolution due to higher sensitivity, which facilitates perfusion estimation by model-free deconvolution. Fundamental tracer kinetic theory predicts that perfusion can be estimated for all tracers despite their different fates given sufficiently high temporal resolution of 1 s or better, bypassing the need for compartment modelling. The aim of this study was to investigate whether brain perfusion could be estimated using model-free Tikhonov generalized deconvolution for five different PET tracers, [15O]H2O, [11C]PIB, [18F]FE-PE2I, [18F]FDG and [18F]FET. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a general model-free approach to estimate cerebral blood flow (CBF) from PET data.

Methods
Twenty-five patients underwent dynamic LAFOV PET scanning (Siemens, Quadra). PET images were reconstructed with an isotropic voxel resolution of 1.65 mm3. Time framing was 40 × 1 s during bolus passage followed by increasing framing up to 60 min. AIF was obtained from the descending aorta. Both voxel- and region-based calculations of perfusion in the thalamus were performed using the Tikhonov method. The residue impulse response function was used to estimate the extraction fraction of tracer leakage across the blood–brain barrier.

Results
CBF ranged from 37 to 69 mL blood min−1 100 mL of tissue−1 in the thalamus. Voxelwise calculation of CBF resulted in CBF maps in the physiologically normal range. The extraction fractions of [15O]H2O, [18F]FE-PE2I, [11C]PIB, [18F]FDG and [18F]FET in the thalamus were 0.95, 0.78, 0.62, 0.19 and 0.03, respectively.

Conclusion
The high temporal resolution and sensitivity associated with LAFOV PET scanners allow for noninvasive perfusion estimation of multiple tracers. The method provides an estimation of the residue impulse response function, from which the fate of the tracer can be studied, including the extraction fraction, influx constant, volume of distribution and transit time distribution, providing detailed physiological insight into normal and pathologic tissue.
Non-existence of Mean-Field Models for Particle Orientations in Suspensions
Authors: Höfer Richard M. , Mecherbet Amina , Schubert Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider a suspension of spherical inertialess particles in a Stokes flow on the torus$$\mathbb {T}^3$$T3. The particles perturb a linear extensional flow due to their rigidity constraint. Due to the singular nature of this perturbation, no mean-field limit for the behavior of the particle orientation can be valid. This contrasts with widely used models in the literature such as the FENE and Doi models and similar models for active suspensions. The proof of this result is based on the study of the mobility problem of a single particle in a non-cubic torus, which we prove to exhibit a nontrivial coupling between the angular velocity and a prescribed strain.
Implementing routine use of self-removed ureteric stents on extraction strings: prospective patient-reported outcome measures and complications
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Cundy Thomas P. , Parker Natalie , Lloyd Mark , Cho Jonathan , Catterwell Rick L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Ureteric stents placed after ureteroscopy typically require cystoscopy for removal. Stent extraction strings allow the option of patient self-removal. This facilitates shorter stent dwell time, and cost-savings. Concerns regarding safety and limited evidence regarding patient acceptability are speculated reasons for infrequent clinical use of extraction strings. This study investigates our recent experience using routine self-removal of stents on extraction strings to provide evidence to address these concerns.

Methods
In February 2020, our hospital adopted a policy for self-removal of stents on extraction strings to be routine following ureteroscopy. This was influenced by motivation to improve service capacity for diagnostic flexible cystoscopy, hospital avoidance during the pandemic, perceived improvement for the patient experience, and cost-saving. Prospective clinical and patient-reported outcome data were collected and evaluated.

Results
There were 168 patients who had stents on extraction strings. Mean stent dwell time was 5.2 ± 1.8 days. Primary ureteroscopy was performed in 40.5%, and 59.5% had procedures using an access sheath. Self-removal at home was successful for 79% of patients. Stent dislodgement rate was 3.0% (5/168) and retained stents due to string detachment occurred in 1.8% (3/168). Almost all indicated they “would remove the stent on string again” (90%, 128/142) and the majority reported stent removal as “very easy” (61%, 87/142). Cost modelling estimates a total saving of AUD $148,869 per annum for routine use of extraction strings at our hospital.

Conclusion
Our experience reflects that stent extraction strings may be used routinely with acceptable low complication rates, favourable patient experiences and associated cost savings.
Effect of respiratory training on swallowing function in swallowing disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Yinuo , Cai Jianzheng , Wang Haifang , Zhang Yingying , Niu Chunyan , Wang Yalan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the clinical efficacy of different respiratory training interventions on swallowing function in patients with swallowing disorders through the systematic review.

Methods
We reviewed the literature regarding the application of respiratory training therapy in patients with swallowing disorders, followed by a PRISMA search of published literature in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and EMBASE) in December 2022. Two reviewers performed study selection, quality evaluation, and risk of bias, followed by data extraction and detailed analysis.

Results
A total of six randomized controlled studies with a total sample size of 193 cases were included. Respiratory training improved swallowing safety (PAS (n = 151, SMD = 0.69, 95% CI − 1.11 to − 0.26, I2 = 36, p < 0.001)) and swallowing efficiency [residual (n = 63, SMD = 1.67, 95% CI − 2.26 to − 1.09, I2 = 23%, p < 0.001)] compared to control groups. The results of the qualitative analysis conducted in this study revealed that respiratory training enhanced hyoid bone movement but had no effect on swallowing quality of life.

Conclusions
Respiratory training interventions may improve swallowing safety and efficiency in patients with dysphagia. However, the level of evidence is low, and there is a limited amount of research on the effectiveness and physiology of this intervention to improve swallowing function. In the future, there is a need to expand clinical studies, standardize measurement tools, and improve study protocols.
Functional implications of paralog genes in polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias
Authors: Felício Daniela , du Mérac Tanguy Rubat , Amorim António , Martins Sandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolyglutamine (polyQ) spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) comprise a group of autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders caused by (CAG/CAA)nexpansions. The elongated stretches of adjacent glutamines alter the conformation of the native proteins inducing neurotoxicity, and subsequent motor and neurological symptoms. Although the etiology and neuropathology of most polyQ SCAs have been extensively studied, only a limited selection of therapies is available. Previous studies on SCA1 demonstrated thatATXN1L, a human duplicated gene of the disease-associatedATXN1, alleviated neuropathology in mice models. Other SCA-associated genes have paralogs (i.e., copies at different chromosomal locations derived from duplication of the parental gene), but their functional relevance and potential role in disease pathogenesis remain unexplored. Here, we review the protein homology, expression pattern, and molecular functions of paralogs in seven polyQ dominant ataxias—SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA17, and DRPLA. BesidesATXN1L, we highlightATXN2L,ATXN3L,CACNA1B,ATXN7L1,ATXN7L2,TBPL2, andREREas promising functional candidates to play a role in the neuropathology of the respective SCA, along with the parental gene. Although most of these duplicates lack the (CAG/CAA)nregion, if functionally redundant, they may compensate for a partial loss-of-function or dysfunction of the wild-type genes in SCAs. We aim to draw attention to the hypothesis that paralogs of disease-associated genes may underlie the complex neuropathology of dominant ataxias and potentiate new therapeutic strategies.
A systematic evaluation of an RTK-GPS device for wearable augmented reality
Authors: De Pace Francesco , Kaufmann Hannes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal Positioning Satellite (GPS) systems sample points on the Earth’s surface with meter accuracy. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) devices improve GPS performances by providing real-time correction data from ground stations, achieving centimeter accuracy. Reliable tracking approaches are essential for Augmented Reality (AR) applications, especially for outdoor scenarios, which still present unsolved challenges. AR handheld tracking capabilities have been greatly improved by integrating visual tracking approaches with RTK devices, whereas little is known about combining wearable AR interfaces with RTK systems. Although wearable AR devices are intrinsically designed for AR applications, their performance dramatically reduces in large outdoor areas, comprising the user experience. Hence, this paper provides a rigorous evaluation of a small-size RTK device that does not need any additional software integration to collect positional data. The main goal of the assessment is to verify whether its integration with a wearable AR device is advantageous or not. The evaluation has been performed considering both static and dynamic scenarios in open-sky and urban areas. The results show that the RTK device can achieve 1 cm accuracy when used in open-sky areas. In contrast, its accuracy dramatically reduces in the proximity of buildings and obstacles, showing average errors ranging from 76 to 2561%. Since wearable AR devices have an average accuracy of 2 cm, the outcomes indicate that RTK devices should be combined with wearable AR devices only when the RTK device is far from obstacles. On the contrary, the positional data should be completely avoided when barriers surround the RTK device.
Periodic $\mathrm{L}_{p}$ Estimates by ℛ-Boundedness: Applications to the Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Eiter Thomas , Kyed Mads , Shibata Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeneral evolution equations in Banach spaces are investigated. Based on an operator-valued version of de Leeuw’s transference principle, time-periodic $\mathrm {L}_{p}$

L
p

estimates of maximal regularity type are carried over from ℛ-bounds of the family of solution operators (ℛ-solvers) to the corresponding resolvent problems. With this method, existence of time-periodic solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations is shown for two configurations: in a periodically moving bounded domain and in an exterior domain, subject to prescribed time-periodic forcing and boundary data.
Assessment of ecotone changes over the last six decades in two cultural landscapes: The case of the Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene UNESCO site and of the Olive Groves of the Slopes between Assisi and Spoleto GIAHS site
Authors: Piras Francesco , Bazzurro Alessandra , Fiore Beatrice , Romano Federica , Santoro Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCultural landscapes are often characterized by a complex landscape structure providing different habitats, nesting place, food reservoirs and ecological networks, for different fauna and flora species. Edges between different land uses can be assimilated to ecotones, and land uses changes over the years also affect ecotones characteristics and associated biodiversity. This study intends to contribute to the understanding of the relation between land use changes and ecotone characteristics and changes in two Italian cultural landscapes inscribed in the UNESCO WHL and in the FAO GIAHS (Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) Programme, applying a GIS-based methodology. In the last six decades, in both study sites, agricultural areas decreased with consequent increase of forests and shrublands. This trend affected ecotones presence and density, but in different ways depending on the characteristics of the study areas. In the Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene UNESCO site the analyses recorded an overall reduction of ecotones total length (− 6.4%), in particular of the first level ecotones (the ones between forests and agricultural areas) due to the loss of high altitude pastures that have been recolonized by forests, and of the second level ecotones (the ones between different types of cultivated areas) due to the agricultural mosaic simplification caused by the reduction of mixed cultivations and the spread of monocultures. In the Olive Groves of the Slopes between Assisi and Spoleto GIAHS site, similar land use trends caused an increase of the total length of first (+ 53.7%) and second level ecotones (+ 13.5%). This different behavior highlighted for the two sites, demonstrates that the relation between land use changes and ecotones changes is site-specific. The average density of first level ecotones decreased in both the study sites (− 20.2% in the UNESCO site and − 30.3% in the GIAHS site), while the maximum density remains high (424 m/ha in the UNESCO site and 794 m/ha in the GIAHS site). The applied methodology and the classification of ecotones according to a hierarchical system demonstrated to be effective in their identification and assessment. The study demonstrated that cultural landscapes are characterized by important ecotones networks and that preserving landscapes of recognized cultural value also means protecting ecotones, and associated habitats and biodiversity. Instead of only focusing on increasing protected areas number and surface, EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 should consider traditional cultural landscapes as a pillar for biodiversity conservation.
Fast, accurate and explainable time series classification through randomization
Authors: Cabello Nestor , Naghizade Elham , Qi Jianzhong , Kulik Lars 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTime series classification(TSC) aims to predict the class label of a given time series, which is critical to a rich set of application areas such as economics and medicine. State-of-the-art TSC methods have mostly focused on classification accuracy, without considering classification speed. However, efficiency is important for big data analysis. Datasets with a large training size or long series challenge the use of the current highly accurate methods, because they are usually computationally expensive. Similarly, classification explainability, which is an important property required by modern big data applications such asappliance modelingand legislation such as theEuropean General Data Protection Regulation, has received little attention. To address these gaps, we propose a novel TSC method – theRandomized-Supervised Time Series Forest(r-STSF). r-STSF is extremely fast and achieves state-of-the-art classification accuracy. It is an efficient interval-based approach that classifies time series according to aggregate values of the discriminatory sub-series (intervals). To achieve state-of-the-art accuracy, r-STSF builds an ensemble of randomized trees using the discriminatory sub-series. It uses four time series representations, nine aggregation functions and a supervised binary-inspired search combined with a feature ranking metric to identify highly discriminatory sub-series. The discriminatory sub-series enable explainable classifications. Experiments on extensive datasets show that r-STSF achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while being orders of magnitude faster than most existing TSC methods and enabling for explanations on the classifier decision.
Reasoning in Character: Virtue, Legal Argumentation, and Judicial Ethics
Authors: Amaya Amalia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a virtue-account of legal reasoning which significantly differs from standard, principle-based, theories. A virtue approach to legal reasoning highlights the relevance of the particulars to sound legal decision-making, brings to light the perceptual and affective dimensions of legal judgment, and vindicates the relevance of description and specification to good legal reasoning. After examining the central features of the theory, the paper proposes a taxonomy of the main character traits that legal decision-makers need to possess to successfully engage in legal reasoning. The paper concludes by discussing an array of strategies in legal education, institutional design, and legal culture that can be put in place to work virtue in legal decision-making.
A Convergence Rate for Extended-Source Internal DLA in the Plane
Authors: Darrow David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInternal DLA (IDLA) is an internal aggregation model in which particles perform random walks from the origin, in turn, and stop upon reaching an unoccupied site. Levine and Peres showed that, when particles start instead from fixed multiple-point distributions, the modified IDLA processes have deterministic scaling limits related to a certain obstacle problem. In this paper, we investigate the convergence rate of this “extended source” IDLA in the plane to its scaling limit. We show that, if $$\delta $$
δ
is the lattice size, fluctuations of the IDLA occupied set are at most of order $$\delta ^{3/5}$$

δ

3
/
5

from its scaling limit, with probability at least $$1-e^{-1/\delta ^{2/5}}$$

1
-

e

-
1
/

δ

2
/
5

.