bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep fragmentation reduces explorative behaviors and impairs motor coordination in male mice
Authors: Xiong Yanyu , Zhu Jian , He Yifan , Qu Weimin , Huang Zhili , Ding Fengfei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSleep fragmentation (SF), which refers to discontinuous and fragmented sleep, induces cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior in mice. However, whether SF can affect motor capability in healthy young wild‐type mice and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We performed seven days of sleep fragmentation (SF 7d) interventions in young wild‐type male mice. While SF mice experienced regular sleep disruption between Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0–12, control mice were allowed to have natural sleep (NS) cycles. Homecage analysis and conventional behavioral tests were conducted to assess the behavioral alterations in behavioral patterns in general and motor‐related behaviors. Sleep structures and the power spectrum of electroencephalograms (EEGs) were compared between SF 7d and NS groups. Neuronal activation was measured using c‐Fos immunostaining and quantified in multiple brain regions. SF of 7 days significantly decreased bouts of rearing and sniffing and the duration of rearing and impaired motor coordination. An increase in the total sleep time and a decrease in wakefulness between ZT12–24 was found in SF 7d mice. In SF 7d mice, EEG beta1 power was increased in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep while theta power was decreased during wakefulness. SF 7d resulted in significant suppression in c‐Fos (+) cell counts in the motor cortex and hippocampus but an increase in c‐Fos (+) cell counts in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In summary, SF 7d suppressed explorative behaviors and impaired motor coordination as compared to NS. EEG power and altered neuronal activity detected by c‐Fos staining might contribute to the behavioral changes.
Tissue and serum miR‐149‐3p/5p in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Correlation with disease severity and inflammatory markers
Authors: Luo Shuang , Chen Xi‐Han 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the expression levels of tissue and serum miR‐149‐3p and miR‐149‐5p in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A total of 35 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 12 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and 25 healthy controls were included in the study. The miRNAs expressions were measured in tissue and serum samples using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Inflammatory biomarkers were measured, including serum albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and fecal calprotectin. MiR‐149‐3p and miR‐149‐5p were significantly decreased in the inflamed areas of both CD and UC patients compared to tissue controls, which was consistent with decreased serum levels in IBD patients compared to healthy controls. When distinguishing UC patients from healthy controls, serum miR‐149‐3p showed 74% sensitivity and 96% specificity, while serum miR‐149‐5p exhibited 63% sensitivity and 96% specificity. In the CD versus healthy control comparison, miR‐149‐3p achieved 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity, while miR‐149‐5p demonstrated 92% sensitivity and 96% specificity. In the UC versus CD comparison, miR‐149‐5p showed 75% sensitivity and 77% specificity, while miR‐149‐3p displayed 67% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Significant correlations were identified between the tissue and serum expression of miR‐149‐3p/5p and disease activity scores, as well as inflammatory biomarkers in both CD and UC patients. Decreased expression of miR‐149‐3p and miR‐149‐5p is associated with disease activity in IBD patients. These miRNAs demonstrate diagnostic potential and may serve as biomarkers for monitoring disease activity in IBD.
Molecular mechanism of WWP1‐mediated ubiquitination modification affecting proliferation and invasion/migration of liver cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wang Wei , Wu Biao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiver cancer is the most prevalent fatal malignancy across the globe. The present study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of E3 ligase WWP1 in liver cancer cell proliferation and invasion/migration. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect WWP1, KLF14, and VEPH1 expressions in liver cancer cell lines. Furthermore, WWP1 expression was silenced in cells, followed by the detection of cell viability, proliferation, and invasion/migration by CCK‐8, colony formation, and Transwell assays, respectively. ChIP was used to analyze the binding relationship between WWP1 and KLF14. We measured the KLF14 ubiquitination level and KLF14 enrichment on the VEPH1 promoter after MG132 treatment. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the binding relationship between KLF14 and VEPH1. Consequently, WWP1 was highly expressed in liver cancer cells; WWP1 silencing reduced the proliferation and invasion/migration of liver cancer cells. Mechanistically, WWP1 promoted KLF14 ubiquitination degradation; KLF14 was enriched on the VEPH1 promoter to promote its transcription and protein expression. Inhibiting KLF14 or VEPH1 partially minimized the inhibitory effect of WWP1 silencing on liver cancer cell proliferation and invasion/migration. In summary, WWP1 degrades KLF14 through ubiquitination, hence repressing VEPH1 expression and accelerating proliferation and invasion/migration of liver cancer cells.
Soil physical quality response to management systems in a long‐term sugarcane trial
Authors: Martíni Aline Fachin , Valani Gustavo Pereira , da Silva Laura Fernanda Simões , de Paula Samuel , Bolonhezi Denizart , Cooper Miguel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to support sugarcane growth for biofuel production without compromising the environmental sustainability, this work aims to assess the physical quality of soils cultivated under different long‐term tillage and management systems to identify the system that most contributes for a sustainable sugarcane production. Visual assessments and soil sampling to determine physical soil quality indicators were performed in sugarcane plots managed with no‐tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) with 0 (CT0–NT0) and 4 (CT4–NT4) Mg ha−1 of lime and in an adjoining area with native forest. In general, the results from traditional indicators showed no statistical difference between the different sugarcane cultivation systems and the different depths, so were not sensitive to identify the best tillage and management system in relation to soil physical quality for soils cultivated with sugarcane. However, even without statistical difference, three indicators presented limiting values for plant growth and development (Bd, ASW, and S index) in at least two sugarcane cultivation systems and one depth. Although all the systems showed a good soil structural quality in surface, the visual assessments suggest a poor and unsatisfactory soil structural quality in the subsurface of CT0, CT4, and NT0 (3.7 ± 0.2, 3.3 ± 0.6, and 3.7 ± 0.7 in Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure [VESS] and 2.2 ± 0.3, 3.1 ± 1.0, and 3.6 ± 1.1 in Rapid Diagnosis of Soil Structure [DRES], respectively), requiring immediate management changes, while structural quality in NT4 (2.6 ± 0.9 and 3.9 ± 0.7, in VESS and DRES, respectively) was considered good. Thus, NT4 is suggested as the tillage and management system that least compromises structural quality of soils cultivated with sugarcane, and it is considered a viable alternative to promote soil conservation, as well as environmental and economical sustainability for sugarcane cultivation, as this system corrects soil acidity, minimally disturbs the soil, and maintains the soil cover, thus delivering ecosystem services.
Dietary triacetin, but not medium chain triacylglycerides, blunts weight gain in diet‐induced rat model of obesity
Authors: Cisbani Giulia , Chouinard‐Watkins Raphaël , Smith Mackenzie E. , Malekanian Arezou , Valenzuela Rodrigo , Metherel Adam H. , Bazinet Richard P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConsumption of a Western diet (WD) is known to increase the risk of obesity. Short or medium chain fatty acids influence energy metabolism, and triacetin, a synthetic short chain triacylglyceride, has been shown to lower body fat under normal conditions. This study aimed to investigate if triacetin as part of a WD modifies rat weight and body fat. Male rats were fed a control diet or WD for 8 weeks. At week 8, rats in the WD group were maintained on a WD diet or switched to a WD diet containing 30% energy from medium‐chain triacylglyceride (WD‐MCT) or triacetin (WD‐T) for another 8 weeks. At week 16, rats were euthanized and liver, adipose and blood were collected. Tissue fatty acids (FAs) were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and hepatic FAs were measured by GC‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry for δ13C‐palmitic acid (PAM)—a novel marker of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Rats fed WD‐T had a body weight not statistically different to the control group, and gained less body weight than rats fed WD alone. Furthermore, WD‐T fed rats had a lower fat mass, and lower total liver and plasma FAs compared to the WD group. Rats fed WD‐T did not differ from WD in blood ketone or glucose levels, however, had a significantly lower hepatic δ13C‐PAM value than WD fed rats; suggestive of lower DNL. In summary, we show that triacetin has the potential to blunt weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation in a rodent model of obesity, possibly due to a decrease in DNL.
Response of distributions and emissions of summer biogenic sulfur in the Pacific Arctic to enhanced Pacific Water inflow
Authors: Li Cheng‐Xuan , Wang Bao‐Dong , Chen Kan , Yang Gui‐Peng , Chen Jian‐Fang , Lin Li‐Na , Wang Zi‐Cheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe inflow of warm and nutrient‐rich Pacific Water (PW) through the Bering Strait into the Arctic Ocean is likely to have far‐reaching consequences for the ecosystem and biogenic sulfur cycle in the Earth's sensitive subarctic–arctic region of the Pacific sector, even impacting climate change under global warming scenarios. We performed a detailed biogeochemical study of summer biogenic sulfur cycling from cold (2012) to warm (2014) years in the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea, so as to highlight the importance of enhanced Pacific inflow in driving dimethylsulfide (DMS) variability. In the Bering Strait, the enhanced Pacific inflow led to the vertical expansion of the eastern high‐DMS regions due to the vertical extension of Alaska Coastal Water, and the horizontal expansion of the western surface high‐DMS regions due to the westward intrusion of Bering Shelf Water. The enhanced extension of PW potentially stimulated seawater warming, the northward retreat of the ice edge, and the enlargement of sea ice‐free areas in the Chukchi Sea. The northern ice melting zone at 71°N with a bloom of phytoplankton was an area of locally high dimethylsulfoniopropionate concentrations and slow DMS consumption in 2012. A hotspot for dimethylated sulfur compound concentrations and DMS sea–air flux occurred in the convergence region near 67.7°N during 2014, due to enhanced mixing caused by increased Bering Sea Water. Owing to the increased advection of PW during 2012–2014, surface DMS and its emission to the atmosphere increased sharply by threefold in the Chukchi Sea.
Probing Dual Asymmetric Transverse Spin Angular Momentum in Tightly Focused Vector Beams in Optical Tweezers
Authors: Kumar Ram Nandan , Nayak Jeeban Kumar , Gupta Subhasish Dutta , Ghosh Nirmalya , Banerjee Ayan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe spin‐orbit interaction (SOI) of light generated by tight focusing in optical tweezers is regularly employed in generating angular momentum ‐ both spin and orbital ‐ the effects being extensively observed in trapped mesoscopic particles. Specifically, the transverse spin angular momentum (TSAM), which arises due to the longitudinal component of the electromagnetic field generated by tight focusing is of special interest, both in terms of fundamental studies and associated applications. This study provides an effective and optimal strategy for generating TSAM in optical tweezers by tightly focusing first‐order radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams with no intrinsic angular momentum (AM) into a refractive index stratified medium. The choice of such input fields ensures that the longitudinal spin angular momentum (LSAM) arising from the electric (magnetic) field for the radial (azimuthal) polarization is zero. As a result, the effects of the electric and magnetic TSAM are exclusively observed separately in the case of input first‐order radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams on single optically trapped birefringent particles. This research opens up new and simple avenues for exotic and complex particle manipulation in optical tweezers.
In‐Source High‐Resolution Spectroscopy Using an Integrated Tunable Raman Laser
Authors: Granados Eduardo , Stoikos Georgios , Bernerd Cyril , Chrysalidis Katerina , Echarri Daniel T. , Fedosseev Valentin N. , Heinke Reinhard , Marsh Bruce A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTunable single‐frequency lasers are the most prominent tool for high‐resolution spectroscopy, allowing for the study and exploitation of the electronic structure of atoms. A significant milestone relies on the demonstration of integrated laser technology for performing such a task. The device presented here is composed of a compact Fabry–Perot monolithic resonator capable of producing tunable and Fourier‐limited nanosecond pulses with a MHz‐class frequency stability without active cavity stabilization elements. It also has the remarkable capability of exploiting the Raman effect to funnel efficiently the broad spectrum of an input laser to a spectrally‐bright Stokes pulse at hard‐to‐access wavelength ranges. The targeted atom for the demonstrations is 152Sm, released as an atomic vapor in a hot cavity environment. Here, the Stokes field is tuned to a wavelength of 433.9 nm, while a crossed‐beams spectroscopy setup is used to minimize the Doppler broadened spectral features of the atoms. With this work, the suitability of integrated diamond Raman lasers as a high‐resolution in‐source spectroscopy tool is demonstrated, enabling many applications in atomic and nuclear physics. The integrated form‐factor and inherent simplicity makes such a laser an interesting prospect for quantum‐technology based sensing systems and related applications.
Highly Efficient Transfer of Quantum State and Robust Generation of Entanglement State Around Exceptional Lines
Authors: Tang Zan , Chen Tian , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExceptional points (EPs) are non‐Hermitian degeneracies or branch points where eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. Due to the complex non‐trivial topology of Riemann surfaces associated with non‐Hermitian Hamiltonians, the dynamical encirclement or proximity of EPs in parameter space has been shown to lead to topological mode conversions and some novel physical phenomena. In fact, degeneracies can also form continuous line geometries, which are called exceptional lines (ELs). The problem is whether the state transfer around the ELs can show different characteristics from the EPs, which is less explored. Here, novel properties of quantum state transfer around the ELs based on a quantum walk platform are explored. It is found that the evolutionary state around the ELs is independent of the initial state and evolution direction, and the transfer of quantum state is more efficient than the case around the EPs. Furthermore, based on such a property, an entangled state generation insensitive to the incident state is realized experimentally. The work opens up a new way for the application of non‐Hermitian physics in the field of quantum information.
Piezoelectric Properties of Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers and Related Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Ren Kailiang , Shen Yue , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrospinning (ES) methods that can produce piezoelectricity in polymer nanofibers have attracted tremendous research attention. These electrospun polymer nanofibers can be employed for sensors, energy harvesting, tissue engineering, and filtration applications. This paper reviews the performance of a variety of electrospun piezoelectric polymer nanofibers produced by different ES methods, including near‐field electrospinning and conventional far‐field electrospinning methods. Herein, it is described how the ES method can affect the piezoelectric properties of various polymer nanofibers, including poly(vinylidene difluorine), poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene), nylon 11, poly(l‐lactic acid), and poly(α‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate). Due to the varied matrix structures of piezoelectric polymer nanofibers, the ES method may conduct variable effects on the piezoelectric properties of polymer nanofibers. After characterizations by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, dielectric spectra, and piezoelectric coefficient measurements, it is found that the piezoelectric properties of the polymer nanofibers can be significantly affected by the ES parameters. Most of previous review articles focus on the output performance of electrospun polymer nanofibers. A detailed description of how different ES methods affect the piezoelectricity of polymer nanofibers is still lacking. In this review paper, the basic principle behind ES methods and the way in which different ES methods affect the properties of polymer nanofibers are examined.
Low‐dose exercise protects the heart against established myocardial infarction via IGF‐1‐upregulated CTRP9 in male mice
Authors: Tan Yanzhen , Feng Pan , Feng Lele , Shi Lei , Song Yujie , Yang Jian , Duan Weixun , Gao Erhe , Liu Jincheng , Yi Dinghua , Zhang Bing , Sun Yang , Yi Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRegular exercise is recommended as an important component of therapy for cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice. However, there are still major challenges in prescribing an optimized exercise regimen to individual patients with established cardiac disease. Here, we tested the effects of different exercise doses on cardiac function in mice with established myocardial infarction (MI). Exercise was introduced to mice with MI after 4 weeks of surgery. Low‐dose exercise (15 min/day for 8 weeks) improved mortality and cardiac function by increasing 44.39% of ejection fractions while inhibiting fibrosis by decreasing 37.74% of distant region. Unlike higher doses of exercise, low‐dose exercise consecutively upregulated cardiac expression of C1q complement/tumor necrosis factor‐associated protein 9 (CTRP9) during exercise (>1.5‐fold). Cardiac‐specific knockdown of CTRP9 abolished the protective effects of low‐dose exercise against established MI, while cardiac‐specific overexpression of CTRP9 protected the heart against established MI. Mechanistically, low‐dose exercise upregulated the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2 by increasing circulating insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), therefore, upregulating cardiac CTRP9 expression. These results suggest that low‐dose exercise protects the heart against established MI via IGF‐1‐upregulated CTRP9 and may contribute to the development of optimized exercise prescriptions for patients with MI.
Oncogenic viral antigens for engineered T cell immunotherapy: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , Chen Jing , Zhang Qianbing , Yu Lingfeng , Li Xiaohong , Wu Sha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractViruses that cause malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer are the cause of approximately 20% of all human cancers. In recent years, engineered T cell immunotherapy targeting tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) has had some success against virus‐associated cancer, although these treatments are associated with side effects. TAA‐specific‐modified T cells may kill cancer cells but they also react with and damage healthy tissue. During an oncogenic virus infection, viral DNA integrates into the host genome, leading to the expression of viral‐specific antigens in the tumor in a restricted and durable manner. The cross‐reactive side‐effects of conventional TAA‐specific engineered T cell treatment can be avoided by creating engineered T cells that target oncogenic viral antigens. To chart a course for the discovery of additional viral‐specific antigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibition therapies, this review summarizes the development, preclinical research, and clinical application of oncogenic viral antigen–specific T cell immunotherapy. This review also addresses challenges such as virus mutation and diverse integration, which can result in the loss of the target.
A new framework for using weather‐sensitive surplus power reserves in critical infrastructure
Authors: Fallon James , Brayshaw David , Methven John , Jensen Kjeld , Krug Louise 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReserve power systems are widely used to provide power to critical infrastructure systems in the event of power outages. The reserve power system may be subject to regulation, typically focussing on a strict operational time commitment, but the energy involved in supplying reserve power may be highly variable. For example, if heating or cooling is involved, energy consumption may be strongly influenced by prevailing weather conditions and seasonality. Replacing legacy assets (often diesel generators) with modern technologies could offer potential benefits and services back to the wider electricity system when not in use, therefore supporting a transition to low‐carbon energy networks. Drawing on the Great Britain telecommunications systems as an example, this paper demonstrates that meteorological reanalyses can be used to evaluate capacity requirements to maintain the regulated target of 5‐days operational reserve. Across three case‐study regions with diverse weather sensitivities, infrastructure with cooling‐driven electricity demand is shown to increase energy consumption during summer, thus determining the overall capacity of the reserve required and the availability of ‘surplus’ capacity. Lower risk tolerance is shown to lead to a substantial cost increase in terms of capacity required but also enhanced opportunities for surplus capacity. The use of meteorological forecast information is shown to facilitate increased surplus capacity. Availability of surplus capacity is compared to a measure of supply–stress (demand‐net‐wind) on the wider energy network. For infrastructure with cooling‐driven demand (typical of most UK telecommunication assets), it is shown that surplus availability peaks during periods of supply–stress, offering the greatest potential benefit to the national electricity grid.