bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast examinations with continuous wave and color Doppler
Authors: Madjar H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractContinuous wave Doppler has been used for many years to characterize malignant breast lesions. With continuous wave Doppler pencil probes, operating at frequencies between 8 and 10 MHz, 94% of the carcinomas have shown abnormal vascularity. Flow assessment with continuous wave Doppler alone is only possible in palpable lesions. We have improved the diagnostic accuracy by combining continuous wave Doppler and B‐mode ultrasound which allows for flow detection in non‐palpable lesions. This procedure is rather complicated, because of sound interference, and requires a good deal of experience.Ultrasound equipment with color flow mapping has been available for several years. However, during the last 3 years, the sensitivity of the instruments has been improved, allowing the detection of flow in microscopic vessels which are not visible in B‐mode scanning. Evaluation of this method is difficult, as the sensitivity of color Doppler equipment shows remarkable variations.In order to evaluate the capability of color Doppler for investigation of abnormal blood flow in breast malignancies, we examined 120 symptomatic women using different types of equipment and compared the findings to those of continuous wave Doppler. In ten of 44 carcinomas, no color flow signals were found. However, continuous wave Doppler showed low vascularity in all of these ten false‐negative cases. Among the remaining patients with benign disease, no false‐positive reports were made. The major difficulty in flow assessment with color Doppler was the heterogeneous vascularity of breast malignancies. When a low Doppler frequency (≤ 5 MHz) is used, signals may not be detected from poorly vascularized cancers. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Routine ultrasonography in utero and subsequent vision and hearing at primary school age
Authors: Salvesen K. Å. , Vatten L. J. , Jacobsen G. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Økland O. , Molne K. , Bakketeig L. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe study was performed to investigate any associations between routine ultrasonography during pregnancy and subsequent reduced vision and/or hearing among children.A follow‐up was carried out of primary school children born to women who took part in two randomized, controlled trials of routine ultrasonography during pregnancy. Of 2428 eligible singletons, 2161 (89%) were followed up with a parental questionnaire and with information from maternal and child health centers.Parents assessed vision and hearing in their children and reported their observations in questionnaires. At the age of 7 years, the children were also screened with bilateral visual acuity tests and pure tone audiometry at public maternal and child health centers.No significant differences between ultrasound‐screened children and their controls were found in the parental assessment of vision or hearing. The objective tests did not show any significant differences between children in the two groups with regard to visual acuity or hearing.The risk of reduced vision or hearing was no greater for children of mothers who had been offered routine ultrasonography during pregnancy than for those whose mothers had not received that offer. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal ultrasound: does it help in the diagnosis of placenta previa?
Authors: Sherman S. J. , Carlson D. E. , Platt L. D. , Medearis A. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of placenta previa and to assess the risk of bleeding secondary to the placement of the vaginal transducer. Thirty‐eight patients with an estimated gestational age equal to or greater than 26 weeks and the diagnosis of suspected placenta previa gave their consent and were randomized to two groups. Randomization was stratified by patient weight and anterior or posterior placental location. Group 1 (n = 20) had complete obstetric ultrasounds using linear and sector transducers. Group 2 (n = 18) had similar examinations followed by transvaginal ultrasound scans. Patients were rescanned to follow placental location and fetal growth parameters. On abdominal ultrasound, the posterior placenta (n = 17) was often shadowed by fetal parts. The ease of placental visualization was rated on a four‐point scale with 1 being the clearest. The mean clarity score for posterior placentas on abdominal ultrasound in Group 2 was 1.6 and on transvaginal ultrasound was 1.0, p < 0.04. The use of transvaginal ultrasound consistently revealed greater clarity of diagnosis in these patients. No patient in either group experienced increased vaginal bleeding following the scanning sessions. Transvaginal ultrasound was most beneficial for those patients with posterior placenta previas because of increased clarity of diagnosis, decreased time of scanning, and no increased incidence of hemorrhage. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Intrauterine fetal transfusion, 1963–90
Authors: Pattison N. S. , Roberts A. B. , Mantell N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe first fetal transfusion was performed at the National Women's Hospital in Auckland in 1963. From that time until the end of 1990, a total of 1041 transfusions have been completed on 459 fetuses. The survival rate for affected pregnancies rose significantly from 39% in 1963–65 to 90% in 1986–90. The initial 409 patients had fetal transfusions performed via the intraperitoneal cavity with X‐ray guidance. Since 1986, 50 pregnancies have been treated with intravascular transfusions under ultrasound guidance and 45 fetuses survived. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound‐controlled removal of a dislocated intrauterine device in the first trimester of pregnancy: a report of 26 cases
Authors: Kirkinen P. , Simojoki M. , Kivelä A. , Jouppila P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIntrauterine, ultrasound‐guided removal of a copper‐releasing intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) was carried out in 26 first‐trimester pregnancies. In all the pregnancies, the string of the device had retracted into the uterine cavity. The total loss of pregnancies was 46%, while 36% of the initially uncomplicated single pregnancies ended in a spontaneous abortion. The time lag between the removal of the IUCD and clinical abortion was 21.5 days (range 3–48 days). A fundal location of the IUCD and failure to remove the IUCD by the first traction were common features in the abortion group. A total of 14 of the pregnancies resulted in a liveborn baby, and the incidence of complications after the 20th gestational week was not increased compared with the normal population. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vaginal ultrasound and cervical cerclage: a prospective study
Authors: Quinn M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractVaginal ultrasound is a new technique for the objective assessment of the pregnant cervix. Twenty patients (21 pregnancies) were scanned at regular intervals throughout pregnancy after cervical cerclage by the vaginal route. Patients were recruited in 2 consecutive years in each of two centers with a low incidence of cervical cerclage (less than 0.5% of all pregnancies). Cervical cerclage, using Mersilene tape inserted by anterior and posterior incisions, positioned the cervical suture in the middle third of the cervical canal in all procedures (21/21). Ultrasound features including dilatation of the internal cervical os and herniation of the gestational sac to the level of the cervical suture were detected in 4/21 pregnancies at 5–7 weeks prior to delivery (21–33 weeks). Six patients (6/21) delivered preterm (< 37 weeks) without ultrasound features associated with cervical incompetence. Eleven patients (11/21) had a closed internal cervical os throughout pregnancy that remained closed after removal of the cervical suture at 38 weeks. In this study ultrasound features associated with cervical incompetence had a sensitivity of 40% and a specificity of 100% in the prediction of preterm pregnancy loss in this group of patients undergoing cerclage. Vaginal ultrasound is a simple, non‐invasive technique that permits the detection of ultrasound features associated with cervical incompetence during pregnancy in patients who have had prophylactic cervical cerclage at 14–16 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound features associated with cervical incompetence were rare in this group of patients (4/21 from an overall obstetric population of 8000 deliveries) indicating a prevalence of cervical incompetence in the range of 1 : 1000–1 : 2000 deliveries. In the majority of patients undergoing cerclage (11/21) the clinical diagnosis of ‘cervical incompetence’ was incorrect as shown by the detection of a normal cervical canal following removal of the suture at 38 weeks. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perforation of the uterus by an invasive mole using color Doppler ultrasound: case report
Authors: Chau M. T. , Ghan F. Y. , Pun T. C. , Leong L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of invasive mole is presented. The diagnosis made using transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound was confirmed by the subsequent surgical removal of a large tumor. The authors suggest that the use of transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound shows encouraging promise in such cases and should be considered in addition to pelvic arteriograms. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound screening during pregnancy: psychological strain experienced by the investigating staff
Authors: Ursing I. , Jorgensen C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUltrasound screening during pregnancy in Sweden is mostly performed by midwives. Detection of abnormalities may lead to psychological stress in the pregnant woman as well as the sonographer. In order to evaluate the emotional reactions of the staff, 95 midwives participated in an inquiry. From the results, it is obvious that the midwives experienced strong and overwhelming emotions. There was no organization for feedback for 50% of the midwives and 33% did not feel that they had enough support. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Excess concepti compared with number of embryos transferred in in vitro fertilization
Authors: Tan S. L. , Curson R. , El Hussein E. , Rainsbury P. , Parsons J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy, most in vitro fertilization programs limit the number of embryos transferred; because monozygotic twinning may occur, it is possible that more concepti are produced than the number of embryos transferred. To quantify the prevalence of this phenomenon, 1820 clinical pregnancies generated from 11 601 in vitro fertilization treatment cycles were reviewed. Two patients conceived four fetuses each after having had three embryos transferred, while one conceived three fetuses after having had two embryos transferred. The overall prevalence rate was, therefore, one in 607 cases. The obstetric details of these three pregnancies are reported. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Stage I ovarian cancer by transvaginal color Doppler sonography: a report of 18 cases
Authors: Kurjak A. , Shalan H. , Matijevic R. , Predanic M. , Kupesic‐Urek S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of 18 cases with ovarian carcinoma stage I (15 stage Ia and three stage Ib) were studied retrospectively to evaluate the efficiency of transvaginal color Doppler sonography in detecting the disease in its early stages. Four asymptomatic women (two cases with morphologically normal ovaries, and two with simple unilocular cysts) were found during the screening program. These cases would have been missed without the use of transvaginal color Doppler sonography. One ovary with stage Ia, and another ovary in a case with stage Ib ovarian cancer were missed. These data show the ability of transvaginal color Doppler sonography to detect ovarian cancer as early as stage I even in asymptomatic women as well as in the morphologically normal ovary. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome at 9 weeks' gestation
Authors: Zucchini S. , Borghesani F. , Soffriti G. , Chirico C. , Vultaggio E. , Di Donato P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDiagnosis of twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome was made using transvaginal sonography at 9 weeks' gestation. The morphological evaluation of the abnormal twin revealed a dysmorphic cephalic pole and absence of the upper extremities. There was diffuse subcutaneous edema and no detectable cardiac activity. The other twin had a normal appearance and a size compatible with the gestational age. The fetuses were divided by a thin amniotic membrane with normal amniotic fluid in both sacs. Diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating fetal growth and lower limb activity in the abnormal twin 10 days later. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler flow velocity waveforms in late first‐ and early second‐trimester fetuses: reproducibility of waveform recordings
Authors: Huisman T. W. A. , Stewart P. A. , Stijnen T. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the reproducibility of Doppler flow measurements of the fetal umbilical vein and artery, descending and ascending aorta, mitral and tricuspid valve, pulmonary artery, inferior vena cava and ductus venosus in early pregnancy.In a cross‐sectional study, Doppler measurements were obtained in a total of 54 women at 11–16 weeks of gestation, at 2–5 different vascular sites, on 3–5 different occasions, at 5‐min time intervals. The total variance in the various flow velocity parameters was partitioned in a between‐subject and within‐subject component by analysis of variance, and, from these calculations, coefficients of variation in waveform recording were calculated.Flow velocity waveform recording was characterized by coefficients of variation in the range 2.2–5.7% except for the acceleration time (18.6–24.5%) and percentage reverse flow (8.8%).In conclusion, our data suggest that fetal flow velocity waveforms in early pregnancy demonstrate good reproducibility in the individual subject, while all parameters depict larger variabilities for between‐subject values. Acceleration time turned out to be poorly reproducible. If a single flow velocity waveform measurement is used for the future evaluation of clinical conditions in early pregnancy, one has to consider that normal values will display a rather wide range. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Development of the Eagle—Barrett (prune belly) syndrome and a thickened, poorly functional bladder wall after early second‐trimester decompression of feta1 megacystis
Authors: Finley B. E. , Bennett T. L. , Burlbaw J. , Levitch L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe management of bladder outlet obstruction in the fetus remains a debated issue. Recent data suggest the use of cystocentesis for the possible relief of the bladder neck obstruction or for the opening of posterior urethral valves. This case report adds further support for the use of cystocentesis and observation prior to the placement of an indwelling bladder shunt. The case further demonstrates that relief of the megacystis may not prevent prune belly syndrome, bladder dysfunction or renal damage. Finally, the case demonstrates that severe oligohydramnios in the second trimester need not invariably result in pulmonary hypoplasia. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Life without amniocentesis: elevated maternal serum α‐fetoprotein in the Manitoba program 1986–91
Authors: Kyle P. M. , Harman C. R. , Evans J. A. , MacDonald K. , Menticoglou S. M. , Manning F. A. , Chodirker B. N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPregnant women demonstrating an elevated maternal serum α‐fetoprotein level are at increased risk for fetal neural tube defect or other anomaly. Diagnostic procedures to evaluate these pregnancies include high‐resolution ultrasound and amniocentesis to measure amniotic fluid levels of α‐fetoprotein and N‐acetylcholinesterase. We wished to examine the efficacy of detailed ultrasound examination alone, in evaluation of women with ‘unexplained’ elevation of maternal serum α‐fetoprotein. The results showed that no neural tube defects were missed in the assessment of 1325 pregnancies with a raised level of maternal serum α‐fetoprotein over 6 years, despite complete reliance on ultrasound in 98%. Detailed fetal ultrasound evaluation by experienced personnel is adequate to identify all cases of neural tube defects in a selected high‐risk population. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A novel technique for measuring bladder wall thickness in women using transvaginal ultrasound
Authors: Khullar V. , Salvatore S. , Cardozo L. , Bourne T. H. , Abbott D. , Kelleher C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new technique of measuring bladder wall thickness using transvaginal ultrasound is described. Measurement of the bladder wall using ultrasound was found to have a good intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility. Measurements of the bladder wall thickness were altered if more than 50 ml of fluid was within the bladder. Forty‐five women with urinary symptoms were recruited from the urodynamic clinic; those with urodynamically diagnosed detrusor instability were found to have significantly thicker bladder walls than women with urodynamically diagnosed genuine stress incontinence. Application of this technique may be useful in the diagnosis of detrusor instability. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The role of Doppler velocimetry in the structurally normal second‐trimester fetus with elevated levels of maternal serum α‐fetoprotein
Authors: Bromley B. , Frigoletto F. D. , Harlow B. L. , Pauker S. , Benacerraf B. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUmbilical and uterine artery velocimetry was performed in 199 second‐trimester pregnancies undergoing sonographic examination for unexplained elevated levels of maternal serum α‐fetoprotein in order to evaluate the efficacy of Doppler waveforms for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.A total of 169 pregnancies resulted in term deliveries of infants with appropriate growth for age, and 30 pregnancies (15%) had adverse outcomes, including preterm delivery, growth retardation and death. The umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio was not statistically different in the two groups (3.9 vs. 4.2, p = 0.16). The uterine artery systolic/diastolic ratio was slightly greater in the group with abnormal outcome (5.7) than in the group with normal outcome (3.3), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.11).Forty‐six patients had uterine artery waveforms that exhibited an early diastolic notch. Of these, 31 had a grade 1 notch in which the lowest part of the notch was not greater than one half of the diastolic frequency shift. Fifteen patients had a severe or grade II notch in which the deepest part of the diastolic notch was less than half of the diastolic flow.In patients with either no diastolic or grade I uterine artery notch, the incidence of adverse outcomes was 23/184 (12.5%). In patients with a grade II notch, 7/15 (47%) had a poor outcome. The rate of adverse outcome in patients with a grade II notch was more than three times that observed in women without severe uterine notch, yielding a relative risk of 3.4 (95% CI 1.9–6.0). Thus, the presence of a grade II uterine artery notch on second‐trimester sonographic evaluation is associated with an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome over unexplained elevated levels of maternal serum α‐fetoprotein. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perineal bladder neck ultrasound: appearances before and after continence surgery
Authors: Creighton S. M. , Clark A. , Pearce J. M. , Stanton S. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn objective method of quantifying suture tension during bladder neck elevation for genuine stress incontinence has long been sought. Perineal ultrasonography has been used to measure bladder neck position and excursion in continent and incontinent women. This study used perineal ultrasound findings to determine surgical positioning of the bladder neck and predict outcome. Eighteen asymptomatic controls and 72 women with genuine stress incontinence were studied before and after continence surgery. Perineal ultrasonography was used to plot bladder neck position at rest and on maximum Valsalva maneuver on an x, y co‐ordinate system to allow comparison between groups. Logistic regression analysis was then performed to derive an equation for the likelihood of continence. In both pre‐and postoperative analysis, the best correlation with continence was achieved with the use of the patient's age and the distance of the bladder neck resting position measured along the x‐axis. An equation was derived to give the probability of continence. The equation is easily calculated using a pocket calculator. The distance of the bladder neck along the x‐axis is under the direct control of the surgeon, so the patient's age can be put into the equation and the distance along the x‐axis most likely to make the patient continent can be calculated. This can be done during surgery to provide an objective method for evaluating suture tension. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fifth digit measurement in normal pregnancies: a potential sonographic sign of Down's syndrome
Authors: Goldstein I. , Gomez K. , Copel J. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of the study was to obtain measurements of the fetal fifth finger, as a basis for further studies and for future comparison with fetuses with Down's syndrome. The study group included 173 karyotypically normal fetuses at 15–23 weeks' gestation. Routine biometric measurements were obtained on all, including biparietal diameter (BPD), femoral length (FL) and humeral length (HL), and the length of the fetal fifth finger. Linear growth of the fifth finger was observed across the range of gestational ages (GA), and a linear correlation was shown to exist between the length of the fifth finger and gestational age (y = −7.804 + 0.9079 × GA; r = 0.923; p < 0.0001), biparietal diameter (y = −3.7010 + 0.3043 × BPD; r = 0.913; p < 0.0001), femoral length (y = −0.0983 + 0.3406 × FL; r = 0.926; p < 0.0001), and humeral length (y = −1.3453 + 0.3982 × HL; r = 0.929; p < 0.0001). These results provide normative data of the length of the fetal fifth finger across a range of gestational ages. These data may provide an additional screening parameter for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology