bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administration of Momordica charantia Linnaeus Extracts for the
Treatment of Hypothyroidism Induced Obesity in Mice and Study of
Related Biochemical Parameters and Thyroid Histology
Authors: Dahiya Vinesh , Vasudeva Neeru , Sharma Sunil , Kumar Ashok 
Published: December 2023

Background::
Hypothyroidism is marked by increased Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels and decreased T3 (tri-iodothyronine) and T4 (tetra-iodothyronine/thyroxine) levels. Hypothyroidism-induced obesity has been linked to various metabolism-related abnormalities like slowed down basal metabolic rate (BMR). Momordica charantia Linn. fruit has traditionally been used for reducing obesity.

Objective::
Administration of Momordica charantia Linnaeus extracts for the treatment of hypothy-roidism-induced obesity in mice and study of related biochemical parameters and thyroid histology.

Methods::
Hypothyroidism-induced obesity was induced by administering methimazole to the mice for 21 consecutive days and then investigating the disease reversal properties of Momordica char-antia aqueous extract, alcoholic extracts, and standard drug thyroxine following their administration to mice for 21 consecutive days. Blood sampling was done to obtain the biochemical parameters normal values, hypothyroidism-induced obesity levels, and levels after treatment with the test ex-tracts. Various biochemical parameters like thyroid profile {TSH, T3, and T4} and lipid profile {Total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)} and physical parameters like body weight, waist circumference, and food and water intake were measured. Liver and heart were dissected from the mice of each group for oxidative stress measurement by estimation of serum Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Catalase levels. The thyroid gland was dissected from the mice of each group for histopathological analysis.

Results::
Serum MDA levels had significantly increased (p<0.001), whereas the values of GSH and catalase had decreased significantly (0.001) in hypothyroid obese mice. The standard and test groups showed attenuation of MDA levels (p<0.0001) and elevation of GSH (p<0.0001) and cata-lase levels (p<0.0001) back toward normal measurements. After the induction of hypothyroid obe-sity, the thyroid profile and lipid profile both had disturbed significantly and the levels of TSH, TC, TGs, and VLDL elevated, whereas the levels of T3, T4 hormones, and HDL decreased significantly. After the treatment with the test plant extracts and standard drug, the levels of TSH, (p<0.0001) TC (p<0.05), TGs (0.0001), and VLDL (p<0.0001) attenuated and the levels of T3 (p<0.0001), T4 (p<0.0001), and HDL (p<0.0001) elevated back towards the normal range. Histopathological anal-ysis and the hypothyroid obese group thyroid showed significant shrinkage of thyroid globule size wise and a significant decrease in colloid levels when compared with the control group, whereas the standard and test groups showed reversal of the thyroid globule size back towards normal.

Conclusion::
The plant extracts can be used as a safe herbal treatment for hypothyroid obesity.
The Role of Resveratrol in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review
of Current Research
Authors: Kumar Shivendra , Saha Sunam , Sharma Bhawna , Singh Shubham , Shukla Piyush , Mukherjee Soumyadip , Agrawal Mohit , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Talever 
Published: December 2023

:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progres-sive cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. The etiology of AD is complex and multifactorial, involving various pathological mechanisms such as the accumula-tion of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. As the global prevalence of AD continues to rise, there is a growing interest in identifying po-tential therapeutic interventions to prevent or slow down the progression of the disease. Resvera-trol, a natural polyphenolic compound found in various plant sources such as grapes, berries, and peanuts, has gained considerable attention due to its potential neuroprotective effects. Numerous preclinical studies utilizing in vitro and animal models have investigated the impact of resvera-trol on AD pathology and associated cognitive impairments. This review aims to provide a com-prehensive summary of the current research on the role of resveratrol in AD. In conclusion, resveratrol holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for AD due to its ability to target mul-tiple pathological processes involved in the disease. Further research, including well-designed clinical trials with larger sample sizes, is needed to fully elucidate the efficacy, optimal dosage, and long-term effects of resveratrol in AD patients. Nevertheless, resveratrol remains an intri-guing compound with neuroprotective properties and may contribute to the development of nov-el therapeutic approaches for AD in the future.
Distribution of Electric Vehicle Travel in Dalian City of China
Authors: Li Jianshu , Fan Lidong , Chen Bingmiao 
Published: December 2023

Background::
Since the second half of 2021, the prices of natural gas, coal and oil
have soared, but at the same time, the Russia-Ukraine conflict is likely to become a catalyst for
Europe and the world to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, prompting
countries to accelerate investment in renewable energy, improve energy security and achieve
energy independence and the energy crisis started in Europe and eventually spread around the
world. Under the new circumstances, the global green and low-carbon energy transition is imperative.
The International Energy Agency released the "2023 Global Electric Vehicle Outlook"
report, which showed that global electric vehicle sales will grow by 35% in 2023 from the previous
year to 14 million units, increasing the total share of the overall vehicle market to 18%.
Replacing traditional fossil fuels with low energy consumption and low pollution has become a
trend in the automotive industry.

Objective::
Therefore, this paper studies the travel distribution pattern of electric vehicles in Dalian
city, which paves the way for the future development of the electric vehicle industry.

Method::
First of all, this paper predicted the number of electric vehicles in Dalian in the next
five years. Next, the gravity model and double-constraint gravity model were used to predict and
analyze the travel generation, attraction and distribution of each traffic district. The gravity
model is based on the concept of gravity in physics, this model can simulate the travel attraction
between transportation communities. The dual constraint gravity model is an extension of the
gravity model, taking into account the impact of factors other than distance on traffic distribution.
For example, land type, land intensity utilization coefficient, etc. Finally, taking Shahekou
District of Dalian city as an example, this paper made an empirical analysis of the travel distribution
of electric vehicles in Shahekou District.

Results::
This article fully considers the impact of land use types on residents' travel. Residential
land is an important factor affecting travel volume, while public facility land is an important
factor affecting attraction volume. For areas with high travel attractions, it is necessary to consider
building more charging facilities around them to solve the problem of difficult charging.
The distribution results showed that the amounts of travel in each traffic community were not
much different, but their attraction volumes were greatly different.

Conclusion::
After understanding the distribution of electric vehicle traffic in various residential
areas, it is possible to arrange the planning of public charging facilities more reasonably. The
research provides practical guidance for the transportation planning of electric vehicles in such
urban cities as Dalian city.
Current Pharmacotherapies for Smoking Cessation and Promising
Emerging Drugs
Authors: Dodd Seetal , Harper Jodie , Berk Michael 
Published: December 2023

Objective::
Pharmacotherapy is commonly used during quit attempts Abstract: and has shown an
increase in the likelihood of achieving abstinence. However, with established pharmacotherapies,
abstinence rates following a quit attempt remain low, and relapse is common. This review aims to
investigate the efficacy and harm profiles of current and emerging pharmacotherapies.

Methods::
Literature review of current and emerging pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation and
tobacco use disorder.

Results::
Emerging pharmacotherapies include new formulations of existing therapies, drug repurposing
and some new treatments. New treatments are welcome and may incorporate different
mechanisms of action or different safety and tolerability profiles compared to existing treatments.
However, emerging pharmacotherapies have yet to demonstrate greater efficacy compared to existing
treatments. The emergence of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) or ‘vaping’ is a
feature of the current debate around tobacco use disorder. ENDS appear to facilitate switching but
not quitting and are controversial as a harm minimisation strategy.

Limitations::
Studies included a broad range of therapies and trial designs that should be compared
with their differences taken into consideration.

Conclusion::
Strategies to successfully quit smoking vary between individuals and may extend beyond
pharmacotherapy and involve complex psychosocial factors and pathways.
The Basal Ganglia and Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Connectivity Matrix
Authors: Morgenstern Nicolás A. , Esposito Maria S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Although classically considered a relay station for basal ganglia (BG) output, the anatomy,
connectivity, and function of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) were redefined during the
last two decades. In striking opposition to what was initially thought, MLR and BG are actually reciprocally
and intimately interconnected. New viral-based, optogenetic, and mapping technologies revealed
that cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurons coexist in this structure, which, in addition
to extending descending projections, send long-range ascending fibers to the BG. These MLR
projections to the BG convey motor and non-motor information to specific synaptic targets throughout
different nuclei. Moreover, MLR efferent fibers originate from precise neuronal subpopulations located
in particular MLR subregions, defining independent anatomo-functional subcircuits involved in
particular aspects of animal behavior such as fast locomotion, explorative locomotion, posture, forelimb-
related movements, speed, reinforcement, among others. In this review, we revised the literature
produced during the last decade linking MLR and BG. We conclude that the classic framework considering
the MLR as a homogeneous output structure passively receiving input from the BG needs to
be revisited. We propose instead that the multiple subcircuits embedded in this region should be taken
as independent entities that convey relevant and specific ascending information to the BG and, thus,
actively participate in the execution and tuning of behavior.
Mulberry: A Multipurpose Plant
Authors: Yadav Sonali , Bhagwat Geeta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Mulberry, a member of the Moraceae family, is regarded as a special plant because of
its wide geographic distribution across continents, its adaptability to different cultivation methods,
and the various uses of its leafy foliage.
It has several benefits for environmental safety measures like soil erosion prevention, bioremediation
of polluted sites, water conservation, and air quality improvement through carbon
sequestration. The Mulberry is also employed as a medicinal plant to improve and enhance the
quality of human life. The potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic,
anti-cancer, and anti-tyrosinase inhibitory action of mulberry extracts from the
leaf, stem, root, and bark have been documented.
Mulberries are a great source of nutrients and phytochemicals with potent medicinal properties,
making them a highly nourishing food for humans. The mulberry fruit is a key ingredient in many
value-added products, such as jams, jellies, wines, and syrups, since it is high in carbohydrates,
protein, and dietary fibre. Mulberry leaves are an excellent source for creating of protein-rich food
products with built-in antioxidants. Although Mulberry is produced professionally for sericulture
in many nations, its potential for use as a human food source is not well known. The review discusses
the value of mulberry as a source for various food, cosmetics, beverage, and pharmaceutical
industries.
All of the crucial mulberry species were compiled in this review article to evaluate it as the perfect
plant for ensuring a better future.
Complicated supravesical obstruction in patients with urolithiasis: multifactorial analysis of risk factors
Authors: Khasanov M. M. , Abdufattaev U. A. , Nomanov A. A. , Mukhtarov Sh. T. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Urolithiasis (UL) is a common disease observed in a huge number of people around the world. Supravesical obstruction (SVO) is a less frequent but potentially dangerous phenomenon that occurs when the urinary tract is blocked above the bladder, often resulting in impaired urinary passage and requiring surgery in most cases.Objective. To determine the risk factors of complicated supravesical obstruction in patients with urolithiasis.Materials & methods. We have conducted a retrospective study of diagnostic and treatment results of patients with SVO suffering from UL. Inclusion criteria: patients with established UL and SVO. Exclusion criteria: cancer and/or specific infection leading to SVO. From 2017 to 2019, 6250 patients with SVO were screened and treated at our centre. After assessing compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1106 patients were selected for the study. We studied the risk factors leading to complicated course of SVO.Results. We evaluated the risk factors for the development of complicated SVO in patients with UL. All results are presented by EXP(B), with a 95% confidence interval in square brackets: complex kidney stones — 5,326 [2,247 – 9,296], ureteral stones — 12,251 [7,256 – 21,226], double-sided stones — 7,256 [2,158 – 9,255], disease length — 4,324 [1,782 – 8,256], urinary tract infection — 19,258 [4,258 – 26,248], blood leukocytosis — 15,116 [3,985 – 21,256], high serum creatinine — 10,244 [5,269 – 16,254], high serum glucose — 5,226 [3,145 – 11,254].Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that blocking renal and ureteral stones, double-side stones, upper urinary tract infection, low creatinine clearance, diabetes mellitus and disease length are significant risk factors for complicated course of SVO.
Novel original suture technique in partial nephrectomy: experimental evaluation of efficacy
Authors: Shkodkin S. V. , Zubaidi M. Z. A. A. , Bondarev V. P. , Chibichyan M. B. , Ponomarev E. G. , Nechiporenko V. Yu. , Shkodkin K. S. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Nephron-sparing surgery for localised renal cell carcinoma has firmly entered the guideline base of all urological associations. One important aspect of this surgery is the management of the renal wound after partial nephrectomy. The abundance of haemostasis methods is not only the result of relentless search, but also the real lack of universal and effective technologies.Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of various suture techniques in partial nephrectomy.Materials & methods. The suture techniques were studied on laboratory mature male rats weighing 280 – 350 g with bilateral partial nephrectomy. The groups were assessed: suture time and relative suture eruption rate as the ratio of the number of eruptions to the total number of ligatures tied, morphological appearance of the resection line on days 7 and 28.Results. In the continuous and novel suture groups, suture time and heat ischaemia time were comparable (p = 0.068). In the group of horizontal interrupted sutures, this indicator was significantly higher (p < 0.01). Optimization of the renorraphy technique using the novel original suture made it possible to reduce the incidence of eruption and hemorrhagic complications by 19.7% compared to the twist suture (p<0.05). The use of a novel experimental suture made it possible to speed up the suturing time by 38.5%, and to reduce the risks of morphologically confirmed acute renal injury by 58.0% compared with the classic suturing technique of renal parenchyma. This group showed mild inflammatory and necrotic changes along the suture line with resorption by the fourth week of follow-up.Conclusion. Thus, the novel surgical suture made it possible not only to overcome the problem of insufficient mechanical strength inherent in vertical sutures, to reduce the risk of thread eruption, tangential deformities, and ischemia, but also to provide an acceptable heat ischemia time. This contributed to minimal ischemic and inflammatory changes among the three study groups.
Testicular appendix (hydatid of Morgagni) torsion in adult urological management: evaluation of treatment outcomes
Authors: Shormanov I. S. , Shedrov D. N. , Garova D. Y. , Ryzhkov A. I. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Testicular appendix (hydatid of Morgagni) torsion (TAT) is relatively rare in patients over 18 years of age. To date, there are no systematised data on the long-term results of TAT treatment depending on the diagnostic and therapeutic tactics undertaken. Accordingly, there are no clear algorithms for the management of such patients.Objective. To evaluate and compare long-term results of various treatment options for patients with testicular appendix torsion over the age of 18 years.Materials & methods. The age of patients is from 18 to 46 years. We analysed the treatment results of TAT-patients in three comparison groups: those who received conservative treatment for uncomplicated course of the disease (group 1, n = 17), early surgical treatment for complicated course (group 2, n = 16), and patients who were operated on for complicated course if conservative therapy was ineffective (group 3, n = 17). The exclusion criteria were concomitant scrotal pathology (hydrocele, funicular hydrocele, varicocele, epididymitis); severe somatic pathology (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart attack, stroke). Evaluation of long-term results was carried out 9 – 12 months after the acute episode. Scrotal ultrasound (US) and Doppler US of testicular vessels were compared, endocrine status (levels of total testosterone, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone) and reproductive function were studied based on the results of semen analysis and MAR-test.Results. Analyses of long-term clinical data revealed recurrent orchalgia in 29.4% of patients in group 3. Also, in group 3, US revealed testicular asymmetry in 47.1% of patients accompanied by hypotrophy of the affected testis up to 20.8% of the volume compared to the contralateral testis. There were no significant changes and differences in groups 1 and 2. Evaluation of endocrine function showed no significant difference of the studied groups from the control normative indicators. Semen analysis parameters were not significantly changed in groups 1 and 2. In group 3, asthenozoospermia was found in 23.5% of cases, and teratozoospermia was detected in 29.4% of patients.Conclusion. Conservative treatment for TAT without inflammatory changes does not lead to impaired spermatogenesis and structural changes of both the testis and its appendix in the long-term follow-up period and is the most accepted in practice. Early surgical intervention for inflammatory changes shows similar long-term results. Prolonged conservative treatment for TAT in secondary orchoepidididymitis with delayed surgery significantly worsens long-term results. This fact also demonstrates the need for early surgery in complicated TAT.
Robot-assisted transurethral holmium ureterolithotripsy
Authors: Eremenko S. N. , Eremenko A. N. , Martov A. G. , Simonovich A. V. , Dolgopolov V. P. , Chernega V. S. , Aliyev M. A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Currently, transurethral laser ureterolithotripsy is the standard treatment for ureteral stones. It allows you to achieve complete stone fragmentation in one-stage. We were interested in the possibility of performing ureterolithotripsy using a robotic assistant. In fact, robotic systems in medicine and surgery are becoming more and more relevant every year.Objective. To evaluate the possibilities of robot-assisted transurethral laser ureterolithotripsy, to study its effectiveness and duration in comparison with holmium lithotripsy in standard surgery, as well as to conduct a study and expert evaluation of the symptoms of surgeon fatigue in standard lithotripsy and robot-assisted lithotripsy.Materials & methods. The study was conducted in 2022 and consisted of two stages. The first stage involved the development and testing of a robotic lithotripsy technique using simulators, including the author's fixation device for the ureteroscope. This device allowed to tightly fix the instrument in the "robotic arm", while maintaining the full range of necessary movements. During the second stage (clinical), the results of holmium ureterolithotripsy in standard and robotic surgeries were studied. Patients with ureterolithiasis were divided into two groups: 14 patients — standard lithotripsy and 13 patients — robotic assisted lithotripsy. The selection criteria were the presence of a single ureteral stone accessible to a semi-rigid ureteroscope.Results. According to the results of the study, robot-assisted transurethral holmium ureterolithotripsy has the greatest advantages in terms of the fatigue indicators of the surgeon during surgery. So, no significant difference was found in fragmentation time (1 gram of stone). In standard ureterolithotripsy this indicator was 63.8 min/g, and in robot-assisted ureterolithotripsy it was 57.8 min/g (p < 0.1). When comparing the surgeon's fatigue scores, a significant difference between the two groups was determined. Thus, during standard surgery, the surgeon rated the shoulder numbness score at 3.50 points, while during robot-assisted surgery at 0.17 points (p < 0.01).Conclusion. The study showed that transurethral contact laser ureterolithotripsy with the use of robotic assistant does not increase the surgery time, but the surgeon's fatigue factor is significantly reduced. This may indirectly contribute to reducing the risk of intra- and postoperative complications.