bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of teeth in relation to oral health behaviour in dentate elderly patients in Lithuania
Authors: Vyšniauskaité Sonata , Kammona Nagham , Vehkalahti Miira M. 
Published: February 2005

Aim:  To describe oral self‐care practices and the use of dental services among dentate elderly patients attending public dental service in Kédainiai, Lithuania, and relate these parameters to the number of remaining teeth.Design:  Cross‐sectional questionnaire study.Setting:  Two public dental offices in Kédainiai, Lithuania.Participants:  Dentate patients aged 60+.Methods:  A self‐administered questionnaire covering oral hygiene practices, use of sugar, utilisation of dental services, and number of teeth. Age, gender, and education served as background factors.Results:  In all, 174 dentate elderly people responded, their mean age being 69.2 years (CI 95% 68.2–70.2) and mean number of teeth reported 16.2 (CI 95% 15.4–17.1). Of these respondents, 30% reported that they brushed their teeth twice daily and 57% that they always used fluoridated tooth paste. Having 21+ teeth was strongly associated (p < 0.001) with these habits, with brushing in the evening, and with enrolment in higher education, but not with gender. After controlling for various self‐care and background factors, frequent tooth brushing remained as the only significant factor in the logistic regression model (OR 2.0, CI 95% 1.2–3.3, p = 0.01) to explain subjects’ retention of 21+ teeth.Conclusions:  Elderly Lithuanians’ oral self‐care is far from meeting recommendations. To preserve their natural teeth, dentate elderly people should improve their oral self‐care practices, in particular as regards tooth brushing. To reach that goal, all efforts by the community and dental profession are welcomed.
Adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline in the management of institutionalised geriatric patients with chronic periodontitis*
Authors: Mohammad Abdel R. , Preshaw Philip M. , Bradshaw Mark H. , Hefti Arthur F. , Powala Christopher V. , Romanowicz Michael 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  To assess the efficacy of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD; 20 mg doxycycline twice daily) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of moderate‐severe chronic periodontitis (CP) in institutionalised elderly patients aged 65 years or older.Background:  Previous studies have shown that SDD is of clinical benefit in the treatment of CP. However, the benefits of SDD in geriatric populations (65+ years) have not been determined.Material and methods:  A 9‐month, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled pilot study was conducted. 24 institutionalised geriatric patients (65 years or older) with evidence of CP manifested by baseline clinical attachment levels (CAL) 5–9 mm, probing depths (PD) 4–9 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recruited. At baseline, patients were treated by a standardised episode of SRP, and randomised to receive either adjunctive SDD or placebo. Full mouth PD and CAL were measured using the manual UNC‐15 periodontal probe at 3, 6, and 9 months post‐baseline to assess the response to treatment. Periodontal sites were stratified by baseline PD value: sites with PD 4–5 mm were considered moderately diseased and sites with PD ≥6 mm severely diseased.Results:  The SRP + placebo resulted in PD reductions similar to those reported previously in the literature. At all time‐points and in both moderate and deep sites, SRP + SDD resulted in significantly greater PD reductions relative to baseline than SRP + placebo. At month 9, in moderate sites, mean PD reductions of 1.57 ± 0.11 mm were reported in the adjunctive SDD group, compared with 0.63 ± 0.11 mm in the adjunctive placebo group (p < 0.001). In deep sites at month 9, mean PD reductions of 3.22 ± 0.29 mm were reported in the adjunctive SDD group, compared with 0.98 ± 0.31 mm in the adjunctive placebo group (p < 0.05). Similar improvements were observed for CAL in the SDD group compared with the placebo group. Significantly lower BOP scores were also recorded at month 9 in the SDD group (7.5%) compared with the placebo group (71.2%) (p < 0.01).Conclusion:  SDD used as an adjunct to SRP provides significant benefit for elderly patients with CP compared with SRP alone.
Contingent Negative Variation to Emotional In- and Out-Group Stimuli Differentiates High- and Low-Prejudiced Individuals
Authors: Chiu Pearl , Ambady Nalini , Deldin Patricia 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Low- and high-prejudiced individuals exhibited differential cortical and behavioral responses to the pending and actual evaluation of emotional in- and out-group faces. Participants viewed warning stimuli indicating the subsequent presentation of an angry or happy African-American or Caucasian face. Upon presentation of the face, participants judged whether they would enjoy working with the individual. The contingent negative variation (CNV) component of the event-related potential in response to the pending presentation of in- and out-group emotional stimuli distinguished low- from high-prejudiced individuals. Specifically, low-prejudiced individuals showed greater early CNV in anticipation of angry African-American targets, and increased reaction time to evaluating these faces. High-prejudiced individuals showed decreased early CNV in anticipation of angry African-American faces, accompanied by decreased response latencies, and enhanced CNV in anticipation of happy Caucasian faces. Notably, no group differences emerged in either the pending or actual evaluation of happy out-group faces. The data are discussed with regard to implications for understanding the nature of prejudice, and underscore both the importance of emotional expression on how a target is appraised and also the utility of using converging measures to clarify processes that may contribute to social behavior.
Orographic Precipitation and Oregon’s Climate Transition
Authors: Smith Ronald B. , Barstad Idar , Bonneau Laurent 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Oregon’s sharp east–west climate transition was investigated using a linear model of orographic precipitation and four datasets: (a) interpolated annual rain gauge data, (b) satellite-derived precipitation proxies (vegetation and brightness temperature), (c) streamflow data for a small catchment, and (d) stable isotope analysis of water samples from streams. The success of the linear model against these datasets suggests that the main elements of the model (i.e., airflow dynamics, cloud time delays, condensed water advection, and leeside evaporation) are behaving reasonably, although the high Oregon terrain may push the linear theory beyond its range of applicability.
A key parameter in the linear model is the cloud delay time (τ), encapsulating the action of orographic cloud processes. Each dataset was examined to see if it can constrain the τ values. The statewide precipitation patterns from rain gauge and satellite constrain the τ values only within a broad range from about 500 to 5000 s. A focus on the sharp gradient on the lee slopes of the Cascades suggests that τ values in the range of 1800–2400 s are preferred. The study of the small Alsea watershed constrains τ little, as it receives a mixture of upslope and spillover precipitation. Stable isotope ratios in stream water indicate an atmospheric drying ratio of about 43%, requiring an average cloud physics delay time greater than τ = 600 s.
Neuromuscular Response to Cyclic Loading of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Sbriccoli Paola , Solomonow Moshe , Zhou Bing-He , Lu Yun , Sellards Robert 
Published: February 2005

Background Cyclic load applied to various joints during occupational and sports activities is epidemiologically linked to higher risk of neuromuscular disorder development. Hypothesis Passive cyclic loading of the knee will develop laxity and creep in the anterior cruciate ligament, and these may elicit a neuromuscular disorder in the quadriceps and hamstrings. Women may be more susceptible to the disorder. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Male and female groups were subjected to 10 minutes of passive cyclic loading (0.1 Hz) of the knee at a mild load (150-200 N) and at 35° and 90° flexion. Anterior tibial displacement and electromyogram from the quadriceps and hamstrings were monitored during cyclic loading. Maximal voluntary contraction of knee extension and flexion was assessed before and after cyclic loading. The effect of gender and angle on maximal voluntary contraction and quadriceps/hamstrings electromyogram was tested by a 2-way analysis of variance. Differences between the preload and postload data were tested by a paired ttest. Results At a knee angle of 90°, after cyclic loading, a decrease in maximal voluntary contraction during extension was present in men and women, with an associated decrease in quadriceps electromyogram activity. At 35°, a decrease in maximal voluntary contraction in extension was noted in women and men. Electromyogram spasms were present in the quadriceps and hamstrings during the 10-minute cyclic loading in 51.7% of subjects. Analysis of variance demonstrated that ligament creep was significantly greater in women than in men at both knee angles. Conclusions Even a mild cyclic loading of the anterior cruciate ligament, for a relatively short period, can elicit substantial creep, laxity, and a neuromuscular disorder. The disorder is composed of spasms and attenuated muscular function that may together create a condition that exposes the knee to injury. Women seem to be more susceptible than men. Clinical Relevance Cyclic actions performed at high frequencies and high-load magnitudes may lead to the occurrence of increased knee laxity and changes in neuromuscular function that, together with fatigue and changes in proprioception, may increase the risk of injury.
Sports Activity after Arthroscopic Superior Labral Repair using Suture Anchors in Overhead-Throwing Athletes
Authors: Ide Junji , Maeda Satoshi , Takagi Katsumasa 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To evaluate the results of arthroscopic repair of type II superior labral anterior posterior lesions of the shoulder in overhead athletes. Hypothesis Such repair is useful for overhead athletes in terms of postoperative sports activity. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The study group was composed of 40 patients with a mean age of 24 years (range, 15-38 years); mean follow-up was 41 months (range, 24-58 months). They were divided into an overuse (n = 22) and a trauma group (n = 18). The authors used 2 suture anchors loaded with a nonabsorbable suture at the 11-o'clock and 1-o'clock positions through the anterosuperior and lateral trans-rotator cuff portal. A modified Rowe score and postoperative athletic activities were evaluated. Results After arthroscopic repair, mean modified Rowe scores improved from 27.5 to 92.1 points (P <. 0001). Rated on this scale, the results were excellent in 30 (75%), good in 6 (15%), and fair in 4 (10%) athletes; there were no poor results. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 36 (90%) of these patients; 30 (75%) experienced a return to the preinjury level. The complete return rate of baseball players in the overuse group was lower than that of other overhead athletes in the trauma group. Conclusion Arthroscopic superior labral repair is a safe and reliable procedure in overhead athletes.
Biomechanical Measures of Neuromuscular Control and Valgus Loading of the Knee Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Female Athletes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hewett Timothy E. , Myer Gregory D. , Ford Kevin R. , Heidt Robert S. , Colosimo Angelo J. , McLean Scott G. , van den Bogert Antonie J. , Paterno Mark V. , Succop Paul 
Published: February 2005

Background Female athletes participating in high-risk sports suffer anterior cruciate ligament injury at a 4- to 6-fold greater rate than do male athletes. Hypothesis Prescreened female athletes with subsequent anterior cruciate ligament injury will demonstrate decreased neuromuscular control and increased valgus joint loading, predicting anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods There were 205 female athletes in the high-risk sports of soccer, basketball, and volleyball prospectively measured for neuromuscular control using 3-dimensional kinematics (joint angles) and joint loads using kinetics (joint moments) during a jump-landing task. Analysis of variance as well as linear and logistic regression were used to isolate predictors of risk in athletes who subsequently ruptured the anterior cruciate ligament. Results Nine athletes had a confirmed anterior cruciate ligament rupture; these 9 had significantly different knee posture and loading compared to the 196 who did not have anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Knee abduction angle (P <. 05) at landing was 8° greater in anterior cruciate ligament-injured than in uninjured athletes. Anterior cruciate ligament-injured athletes had a 2.5 times greater knee abduction moment (P <. 001) and 20% higher ground reaction force (P <. 05), whereas stance time was 16% shorter; hence, increased motion, force, and moments occurred more quickly. Knee abduction moment predicted anterior cruciate ligament injury status with 73% specificity and 78% sensitivity; dynamic valgus measures showed a predictive r2 of 0.88. Conclusion Knee motion and knee loading during a landing task are predictors of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes. Clinical Relevance Female athletes with increased dynamic valgus and high abduction loads are at increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The methods developed may be used to monitor neuromuscular control of the knee joint and may help develop simpler measures of neuromuscular control that can be used to direct female athletes to more effective, targeted interventions.
Cyclic Testing of Flexible All-Inside Meniscus Suture Anchors: Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: Zantop Thore , Eggers Ann K. , Musahl Volker , Weimann Andre , Petersen Wolf 
Published: February 2005

Background Flexible meniscus repair devices are designed to combine the benefits of rigid all-inside meniscus anchors with the biomechanical properties of sutures. Hypothesis Stiffness and pull-out strength of flexible all-inside suture anchors and conventional sutures under cyclic loading conditions will be comparable. Study Design Controlled laboratory study Methods In 50 fresh frozen bovine menisci, artificial meniscus lesions were repaired with different meniscus fixation techniques: horizontal and vertical FasT-Fix, RapidLoc, and horizontal and vertical 2-0 Ethibond sutures. The specimens were cycled 1000 times between 5 and 20 N and then loaded to failure. Results All devices survived the cyclic loading protocol. There was no significant difference in the displacement between all repair techniques tested (horizontal FasT-Fix, 6.23 mm; vertical FasT-Fix, 5.34 mm; RapidLoc, 6.84 mm; horizontal 2-0 Ethibond, 6.03 mm; vertical 2-0 Ethibond, 5.61 mm (P >. 05). Vertical and horizontal FasT-Fix suture anchors had a significantly higher stiffness and pull-out strength (94.1 N and 80.8 N, respectively) than did horizontal sutures (50.2 N) and RapidLoc devices (30.3 N) (P >. 05). Conclusions In this study, flexible all-inside meniscus anchors (FasT-Fix) had higher pull-out strength than did conventional vertical suture techniques. Biomechanical characteristics of the flexible RapidLoc are comparable to those of horizontal sutures. Clinical Relevance Flexible all-inside meniscus repair devices are an alternative to conventional suture techniques.
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 acts at different stages of development to regulate hematopoiesis
Authors: Paling Nicholas R. D. , Welham Melanie J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMice lacking SHP-1 exhibit a plethora of perturbations in their hematopoietic and immune systems. To reveal the primary effects resulting from SHP-1 deficiency, we used embryonic stem (ES) cells to study the role of SHP-1 in developmental hematopoiesis. We expressed wild-type (WT) and dominant-negative (R459M) forms of SHP-1 in ES cells and used ES/OP-9 coculture and embryoid body development followed by hematopoietic colony assays to demonstrate that SHP-1 acts at multiple stages of hematopoietic differentiation to alter lineage balance. Expression of WT SHP-1 reduced myeloid colony numbers while increasing the numbers of secondary embryoid bodies and mixed hematopoietic colonies obtained. Conversely, expression of R459M SHP-1 resulted in a significant increase in the numbers and sizes of myeloid colonies observed while reducing the numbers of colonies derived from undifferentiated cells or hematopoietic precursor cells. Confining the expression of WT or R459M SHP-1 to the early phases of differentiation decreased and increased progenitor cell numbers, respectively, and influenced colony formation. Overall, our results are consistent with SHP-1 acting during multiple stages of hematopoietic development, and they suggest that the increases in granulocytes and macrophages observed in motheaten mice arise as the result of a cell autonomous effect early during development.
Experimental investigation of the characteristics of an NOx reduction system for a dimethyl ether engine
Authors: Lee Seang-Wock , Satio Yoshio 
Published: February 2005

In recent years, dimethyl ether (DME) has received attention as an alternative to diesel fuel. This is because, firstly, DME has a cetane number close to that of diesel fuel, secondly, an innovative chemical process has been developed for much production of DME efficiently from natural gas, and, thirdly, DME is an oxygenate fuel having a molecular C-O bond characteristic of smoke-free fuel. Therefore, DME would be expected to be a less pollutant-forming fuel alternative to diesel fuel. However, even when using DME, nitrogen oxides (NO x) still remain problems under stringent exhaust gas emission regulations. In this study, an NO x storage reduction (NSR) system was evaluated using the DME engine with a common-rail injection system. Rich conditions are created by injecting DME fuel into the catalyst. Stationary NO x reduction tests have been performed with various exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates from low-load to full-load conditions. In the DME engine, high injection pressures using multi-hole injectors are effective for enhancing combustion. The power output of the DME engine using a high pressure of 30 MPa with a common-rail injection system is almost identical with that of a diesel engine. In the NO x reduction system, it was possible to obtain a high reduction rate of NO x emissions from the DME engine by applying the NSR catalyst. However, the temperature at the catalyst inlet must exceed 350°C to obtain a reduction rate higher than 80 per cent. Moreover, it was possible to reduce the amount of DME injection in the NSR system by applying the EGR because of decreased NO x emission.
Quality of Anticoagulation Control and Costs of Monitoring Warfarin Therapy among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Clinic Settings: A Multi-Site Managed-Care Study
Authors: Menzin Joseph , Boulanger Luke , Hauch Ole , Friedman Mark , Marple Cheryl Beadle , Wygant Gail , Hurley Judith S , Pezzella Stephen , Kaatz Scott 
Published: February 2005

BACKGROUND: Warfarin is recommended for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation who are at moderate or high risk, but requires intensive management to achieve safe and optimal anticoagulation control. Anticoagulation clinics are often used to administer warfarin therapy more effectively. OBJECTIVE: To collect data from multiple sites and assess the quality and costs associated with anticoagulation clinic services. METHODS: A random sample of 600 adults with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (CNVAF) receiving warfarin was selected from anticoagulation clinics affiliated with 3 health plans. Patients were identified between 1996 and 1998 and followed for up to one year. We assessed the proportion of time that international normalized ratio (INR) values were within the recommended range (2.0–3.0) and the costs of anticoagulation clinic care. RESULTS: Patients had an average of 18 clinic contacts over a mean duration of follow-up of 10.5 months. On average, patients were within the recommended INR range 62% of this time, with 25% of days below range and 13% above range. The mean per-patient cost of warfarin monitoring over the follow-up period averaged $261 at site A, $305 at site B, and $205 at site C (in 2003 US$). Mean costs for patients treated for one full year were $288, $339, and $216, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In 3 geographically diverse health plans, anticoagulation clinics provided a generally higher quality of control than previously reported in other observational studies. This study highlights the costs of obtaining this level of control.
A Proposal for Universal Nomenclature in Implant Prosthodontics
Authors: Nase John B. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Attempts have been made at formulating standardized nomenclature for implantology. Although these classification systems have advanced the concept of universal nomenclature in implantology, they can be improved upon. Most of them present terms in glossary form, which can limit their applicability. Others deviate significantly from accepted basic terminology and can be foreign or ambiguous to the average clinician. This article outlines the semiotic approach to language formulation, discusses slight changes to accepted conventional prosthodontic terminology to better encompass implant dentistry, and introduces the shortform and support-retention-connection-prosthesis classification systems.
Simulation and experiments of mixing and segregation in a tote blender
Authors: Sudah O. S. , Arratia P. E. , Alexander A. , Muzzio F. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractExperimental and computational investigation of mixing and segregation of granular material in a tote blender was carried out. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate flow of spherical, free‐flowing particles where the results of the computations were compared to blending. Computational results are compared to blending experiments of monodisperse and bidisperse systems using spherical glass beads in a 1:1 scale. Although some discrepancies were observed, DEM simulations illustrated good agreement with experimentally measured mixing and segregation rates for different fill levels and loading conditions. The effects of blender geometry on particle velocities and flow patterns were examined using DEM. The presence of a hopper and bin section, as well as the axial offset proved to introduce greater axial mixing rates that would be expected from pure dispersion. Vibrated experiments showed better agreement than not‐vibrated experiments, indicating that modeling of friction forces needs to be further improved to enhance the accuracy of DEM methods. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 836–844, 2005
Synthesis of 4,5‐seco‐eudesman‐type sesquiterpenes: 4,5‐dioxo‐10‐epi‐4,5‐seco‐γ‐eudesmane and 4,5‐dioxo‐10‐epi‐4,5‐seco‐γ‐eudesmanol
Authors: Fang Lijing , Chen Jinchun , Zheng Guojun , Zhang Chen , Li Yulin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA facile synthetic route to two seco‐eudesmanes, 4,5‐dioxo‐10‐epi‐4,5‐seco‐γ‐eudesmane (1) and 4,5‐dioxo‐10‐epi‐4,5‐seco‐γ‐eudesmol (2) from (+)‐dihydrocarvone has been described. Avoiding expensive reagents, this highly economic method is especially suited for the synthesis of 4,5‐seco‐eudesman‐type and iphionan‐type sesquiterpenes with a double bond at positions 11 and 12. Chirality 17:163–166, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.