bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Detrimental Effect of Water Emulsion to Pour Point Depressant Application While Managing Fit-For-Risk Wax Mitigation in Banyu Urip Field
Authors: Rois Muhammad Amin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High wax content characteristic of Banyu Urip (BU) crude is mitigated by continuous Pour Point Depressant (PPD) injection at multiphase stream. PPD treatment aim to lower Pour Point to 24°C with dosage of 475 ppm. It was observed that PPD dosage started to increase up to 650 ppm. This caused significant incremental cost as PPD accounts for 10% of total field OPEX. This paper shares rigorous troubleshooting method for resolving PPD performance degradation due to higher water cut.
To optimize the PPD dosage while ensuring that the wax or crude gelling risk can be well mitigated, following activities were undertaken: [1] Critical parameters data collection and root cause analysis; [2] Formulation of solution to address the root cause; [3] Trial at laboratory scale as the early proof of concept toward the proposed solution; [4] Risk assessment that includes thorough analysis of crude gelling in each pipe section and mitigation required; [5] Field testing and monitoring.
As the Banyu Urip field mature, the water cut increases more than double in a year. This condition creates water emulsion that has a detrimental effect on PPD effectiveness. Redistributing PPD injection from multiphase stream at well pad to dry crude stream at inlet export pipeline is deemed necessary to mitigate such issue. Detail review was conducted to assess the risk of reducing PPD dosage at well pad to processing facility especially during unplanned shutdown. Force balance equation was utilized to calculate minimum allowable gel strength in each pipe sections considering different pipe dimension, available pressure in the system, and temperature cool-down profile. Section which has the lowest minimum allowable gel strength and faster cool-down rate was used as governing case for PPD treatment strategy.
The lab testing using artificial water emulsion homogenizer also performed to verify PPD effectiveness at different injection stream. This also gives an indication of required dosage and required pump injection capacity for the proposed scenario. The PPD redistribution field testing was then carried out with successful result of 175 ppm (~27%) dosage reduction by leveraging existing facility with fit for purpose approach.
This paper provides insights how important the effect of water emulsion should be considered in the design phase, especially to stipulate PPD injection point location. This paper also provides guidance in determining PPD performance criteria using gel strength and pour point test with one-degree interval. Thus, operation strategy to mitigate crude gelling within a processing facility can be carefully developed.
Fracture Characterisation Methods and Application of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Reservoir Numerical Simulation
Authors: Li Qiaoyun , Wu Shuhong , Cao Zijian , Wang Baohua , Li Hua , Jia Han 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It's necessary to solve the problem of fine characterization and efficient simulation of three types of fractures, i.e. natural fractures, artificial fractures and complex fracture network, for the development optimization design and scheme adjustment of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. This paper describes a set of efficient and practical fracture characterization techniques for reservoir numerical model, which integrates various numerical simulation methods of fractures in different scales, including single-medium equivalent model, LGR model, double-medium model, MINC model, non-structural discrete fracture model and embedded discrete fracture model. For different reservoir types and different fracture dimensions, different models are adopted to depict the spatial distribution and fluid flow characteristics of fracture-matrix, matrix-matrix and fracture-fracture. The application in a shale gas shows that the set of fracture characterization methods can accurately describe the shape, geometric characteristics and spatial position of natural fractures, artificial fractures and fracture network. The methods also can simulate the fluid flow characteristics in multi-scale fracture network efficiently, and accurately predict the productivity of fracture network.
The forward cascade of sea ice floes in the Weddell Sea
Authors: Gupta Mukund , Regan Heather , Koo YoungHyun , Chua Sean , Li Xueke , Heil Petra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sea ice is a material composed of polydisperse floes whose geometries evolve in response to conditions in the surrounding ocean and atmosphere. Due to sparse observations, quantifying the influences of basin-wide forcings on floe behavior has remained a challenge, and past studies have instead focused on finer-scale dynamics in driving the summer break up of the pack. Here, we combine high-resolution altimetry and imagery to characterize the life cycle of floes in the Weddell Sea, which we link to large-scale dynamics inferred from sea ice age estimates across the gyre. We demonstrate that basin-wide solar heating and oceanic circulation govern the floe size and thickness distributions during break up, in a forward cascade involving synoptic, mesoscale and floe-scale forcings fracturing ice into increasingly smaller pieces. This cascade is arrested by lateral erosive processes acting at the sub-floe scale, as evidenced by the three-dimensional rounding of floes during summer. We hypothesize that projected basin-scale changes over the next decades may accelerate the forward cascade of sea ice and result in smaller floes that are more vulnerable to melt.
Assessment on Effect of Thermal, Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties of Hybrid Hemp/Pine Apple/Palm Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite
Authors: Rallabandi Sivasankara Raju , Pilla Devi Prasad , Srinivas Lakshmi , PANDI Thimothy , VUDDAGIRI Hari Kiran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Natural fiber composites have been shown to be capable of replacing synthetic fiber composites in a variety of structural applications. However, natural fibers are hampered in their composite applications by their low dimensional stability and high susceptibility to moisture absorption over time. In this study, hemp, pine apple, and palm fiber were used to make natural hybrid fiber composites that were made with epoxy matrix. This study used variable fiber content to analyze the qualities of composites like thermal, mechanical, and water absorption. Thermal degradation of fiber polymerization was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), revealing that the fibers such as hemp, pine apple and palm are stable up to 241°C, 166°C, 276°C. According to the findings, pine apple composites outperformed the other composites in terms of brittleness index and water resistance. When compared to pine apple composite, hybrid (palm + hemp + pine apple) composite exhibits greater tensile strength (14%), flexural strength (29%), and water absorption (34%). When exposed to water, however, the mechanical performance of all the composites dropped dramatically. The insulating capacity of hybrid palm and pine apple fiber composite is 8.22% greater than that of pine apple fiber composite. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the fiber morphology and interfacial bonding in composite samples that had undergone tensile fracture.
Alterations in physio-biochemical parameters due to induced chronic heat stress in Sahiwal and Tharparkar cattle
Authors: Kant Lata , Kittur Priyanka M. , Patel Pankaj , Verma M. R. , Verma V. , Samad Hari Abdul , Chouhan Vikrant Singh , Singh Gyanendra , maurya Vijaiprakash 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intended objective of the present research was to investigate more about the "thermoadaptability of Tharparkar and Sahiwal cattle under induced chronic heat stress". Healthy male animals between the ages of 2.5 and 3 years were chosen for the study and split into two groups (five animals in each group). For the study five Sahiwal cattle and five Tharparkar cattle were selected which included a 7 day acclimatization period, 49 days of heat exposure at 38°C (6 hours each day) and a 7 day recovery period. Recording of Physiological responses like rectal temperature and respiration rate was done on daily basis. During the experimental period it was observed that in Sahiwal group, rectal temperature and respiration rate increased significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to Tharparkar during heat stress period as compared to control period. The collection of blood was done weekly on -7, 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 days. During the period of heat exposure the level of serum ALT, AST, ALP significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both Tharparkar and Sahiwal breed as compared to control period. The level of serum ALT, AST, ALP was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Sahiwal group as compared to Tharparkar. During the heat exposure period TAC in both the breeds was significantly (p < 0.05) increased. The level of serum protein during the heat exposure period was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in both the breeds although no significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed between the breeds. Our findings indicated that the plasma biochemical markers in both breeds are more negatively impacted by heat stress. Additionally, among the native breeds, Tharparkar cattle displayed the least amount of biochemical changes in response to heat exposure and can therefore be regarded as more thermo-adaptable than Sahiwal cattle.
SupportPrim – A computerized clinical decision support system for stratified care for patients with musculoskeletal pain complaints in general practice - Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Lervik Lars Christian Naterstad , Bach Kerstin , Granviken Fredrik , Hill Jonathan C. , Simpsom Melanie Rae , Vasseljen Ottar , Windt Danielle A. Van der , Meisingset Ingebrigt 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is a statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) for “SupportPrim – A computerized clinical decision support system for stratified care for patients with musculoskeletal pain complaints in general practice”. The SAP elaborates the statistics described in the published study protocol.
The structure of this SAP follows the guidelines provided by Gamble et al (Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2666509) and the checklist available from: http://lctc.org.uk/SAP-Statement
All analyses will be reported according to CONSORT extension for Cluster Trials updated 2012 and ICH E9 guidelines on Statistical Principles in Clinical Trials
Dairy farmworkers’ knowledge of causes, risk factors, and clinical signs of bovine lameness in South Africa
Authors: MATSHETSHENI SIBULELE , Jaja Ishmael Festus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lameness has been identified as the most serious welfare issue in dairy cows, and its observation is the most representative animal-based indicator of dairy cattle well-being. The data was conducted to 11 dairy farms, with a questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into five sections, the first of which contained demographic information (age, gender, experience, level of study), and the second of which contained farm information such as farm size and grazing method. However, section C discusses farm workers knowledge on lameness and risk factors, Section D discusses clinical signs of lameness, and Section E discusses treatment and management of lameness The study aimed to assess the dairy farmworkers’ knowledge of causes, risk factors, and clinical signs of bovine lameness in Kwa-Zulu Natal Province, South Africa. The highest prevalence of lameness (85.5%) occurs in summer compared to other seasons such as Autumn (15%). Furthermore, the results for seasons were significant (P < 0.05). Respondents reported that a decrease in appetite (93%), reduced milk yield (94%), increase lying time (90%) are the most common sings of lameness... Nevertheless, the results also demonstrate a significant (P < 0.05) correlation between knowledge of clinical signs of lameness and localities. The movement problem was related to age, gender, and occupation level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, training is required in the dairy industry to improve farm workers' knowledge. In addition, the training and retraining of farm workers is necessary to management and mitigation of bovine lameness.
Sustainable Development and Financial Resilience: Linking Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Risk, and Green Growth with Innovation, Inclusion, Renewables, and Infrastructure
Authors: Nauman Muhammad , Naheed Rehana , Khan Junaid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sustainable development has gained significant attention recently as societies face mounting environmental, social, and economic challenges. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of sustainable development, aiming to understand its multifaceted dimensions and propose a roadmap for its achievement. The study begins by providing a theoretical foundation for sustainable development, exploring its origins, principles, and frameworks. It investigates the interconnectedness of environmental conservation, social equity, and economic prosperity, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to address complex issues. The study follows a research model, dependent variable (greenhouse gas emissions). However, the independent variables include financial risk, green growth, technology innovation, renewable energy, financial inclusion, and soft infrastructure. The methodology followed for this study is a quantitative approach with secondary data ranging from 2004 to 2019. The data is collected from the World Development Indicators and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development database. For the green growth, the index is made with the entropy-weighted method to represent the variable indicators better. The diagnostic tests were used to solve the issue of the panel data set, which includes correlation, VIF, cross-sectional dependency, stationarity tests, and cointegration. The diagnostic test results suggested that the appropriate method to follow for this panel is a Fully Modified ordinary least square. The results suggest greenhouse gases, financial inclusion, and soft infrastructure have significant positive and green growth; renewable energy and technology innovation have a significant negative relationship with financial risk; long run variance is 55%. The results suggest that the government to give incentives to the institutions in the field of alternative energy to institutions should shift toward renewable energy and contribute to improving environmental quality. Government can develop policies and regulate the fund toward sustainable development, which can be helpful in environmental sustainability. The results suggest that the government to give incentives to the institutions in the field of alternative energy to institutions should shift toward renewable energy and contribute to improving environmental quality. Government can develop policies and regulate the fund toward sustainable development, which can be helpful in environmental sustainability.
Survey to orthopedics surgeons in Italy about Leg length discrepancy and total hip arthroplasty: postoperative management
Authors: Stimolo Davide , Giudice Salvatore Lo , Matassi Fabrizio , Innocenti Matteo , Civinini Roberto , Boniforti Filippo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
We created a Survey for Italian orthopaedics surgeons on how they approach leg length discrepancy (LLD) when dealing with primary total hip arthroplasty. Aim of the study was to show how surgeons manage LLD and follow literature recommendations during clinical practice.
Methods
The Survey was composed of 25 questions divided in 4 sections: surgeon’s profile, preoperative and intraoperative evaluation, postoperative management. In this paper we report absolute and relative frequencies of answers to section 4 “postoperative management”. Then regarding the treatment of residual LLD we reported if trauma surgeons (TR) and experts in reconstructive surgery (RS) had higher odds ratio (OR) to give the “literature based” answers than orthopaedics physicians (OP)
Results
Only four questions received more than 70% of agreement on one of the answers. The OR to give the “literature based” answer taking OP as reference was 1.57 for TR and 1.72 for RS for 10 mm LLD at first follow up (FU) and 1.23 TR and 1.32 RS when 20 mm. When 10 mm LLD at 3 months FU the OR was 0.88 TR and 1.15 RS. The OR for treatment of LLD after the first examination of a new patient was 2.16 TR and 1.85 RS.
Conclusions
LLD is a debated topic with no definitive recommendations. Many decisions still depend on tradition, treatment of LLD during clinical practice often differs from literature recommendations.
Four novel variants identified in genes causing very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency in four unrelated Chinese families
Authors: li lulu , tang yue , zhao jinqi , gong lifei , yang nan , wang shunan , yang haihe , kong yuanyuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background This article reports and discusses the biochemical and genetic characteristics of four very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) patients, clarifying their pathogenic genetic factors and evaluating the application value of genetic diagnosis in the early diagnosis of VLCADD.Methods Patients underwent blood tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), urine gas chromatography (GC/MS) and high-throughput sequencing technology. New mutations were analyzed for pathogenicity using bioinformatics software. Using Swiss PDB Viewer software to predict the effect of mutation on the structure of very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD)protein.Result A total of four VLCADD patients were diagnosed. They revealed elevated levels of C14, C14:1, C14:2, C14:1/C2, C14:1/C10 and C14:1/C12:1. Two patients were early-onset neonatal cases and died during infancy and neonatal period,respectively. Seven kinds of mutations were detected, including four novel mutations. The bioinformatics software revealed that the mutations were harmful, and the Swiss PDB Viewer results suggest that variation affects protein conformation.Conclusions This study identified four novel ACADVL gene mutations. These findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis and pathogenesis of VLCADD. Meanwhile, the study enriches the genetic mutation spectrum and the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes of VLCADD, indicating that genetic diagnosis plays an essential role in the early diagnosis and treatment of VLCADD.
Significant liver histological change is not uncommon in ALT normal HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Duan Menghui , Xiao Huanming , Shi Meijie , Xie Yubao , Zhao Pengtao , Li Sheng , Chi Xiaoling , Liu Xueen , Zhuang Hui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Numerous HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with persistently normal ALT have significant liver histopathology,it is imperative to identify true "immune tolerant" patients.We aimed to evaluate the liver histopathology features of HBeAg-positive CHBpatients with normalALT, and the incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC in CHB patients during follow-up.
Methods:179 HBeAg-positiveCHB patients with normalALT whoperformed liver biopsy from 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Liver necroinflammation ≥ G2 and/or liver fibrosis ≥ S2was defined as significant liver histopathological change.
Results:57.5% patients were in the indeterminate phase with significant liver histological changes. The proportion of the patients with evident livernecroinflammation was higher in thehigh-normal ALT group (21-40U/L) when compared with the low-normal ALT group (≤ 20 U/L) (51.3% vs 30.0%, p < 0.05),and patients aged ≥ 40 years had a higher proportion of significant fibrosis than those aged < 40 years (64.5% vs 39.9%, p < 0.05).The percentage of patients with ≥ S2and ≥ G2/S2in the HBV DNA < 107 IU/mL group were higher than those in the HBV DNA ≥ 107 IU/mL group (72.7% vs 40.1%, p < 0.01; 81.8% vs 54.1%, p < 0.05). During follow-up, two of immune tolerant patients and four of indeterminate patients developed into cirrhosis, and one of immune tolerant patients and one of indeterminate patients developed into HCC, respectively.
Conclusions:HBeAg-positive CHBpatients with high-normal ALT or HBV DNA < 107 IU/mL were tend to be indeterminate, liver biopsy or noninvasive approaches are recommended to evaluateliver histopathology, and antiviral therapyare recommendedfor patients with significant liver histopathology.
Development of a Coagulation-Related Genes Model for Prognostication, Immune Response, and Treatment Prediction in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Liangming , LI JIA , Sun Xiaoming , Gao Xuedi , Wei Jiaheng , Li Hao , Lv Lin , Huang Haiqi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Backgroud:
Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer worldwide. But the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD patients remain poor. Studies have shown that LUAD patients with tumors tend to have abnormal coagulation factors.Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a biomolecular model focusing on coagulation-related factors in LUAD.
Methods：
In this study, we obtained LUAD patients gene expression information and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and coagulation-related genes through The Molecular Signature Database (MsigDB), thereby obtaining differentially expressed coagulation-related genes. Predictive models were constructed through LASSO Cox regression. The risk score from the model was used to build high risk set versus low risk set.Additionally, We verify the accuracy of prognostic models through a range of methods. Finally,we applied tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithms to assess immune escape and immunotherapy in relation to coagulation-related genes.
Result:
We developed a prognosis model using four genes to estimate the survival rate of patients with LUAD. High risk patients exhibited lower overall survival (OS) rates compared to low risk patients. Kaplan-Meier(K-M) curves,progression-free survival curves (PFS),ROC curves,principal component analysis (PCA) and nomograms can verify the accuracy of the model.Furthermore,the dual effects of high risk and low tumor mutation burden (TMB) led to poorer survival in patients with LUAD. TIDE analysis revealed a higher likelihood of immune evasion in individuals classified as high risk.
Conclusion：
The prognosis model can accurately predict the prognosis of LUAD patients and provide ideas for future immunotherapy.
The other-race effect of pupil contagion in infancy
Authors: Tsuji Yuki , Kanazawa So , Yamaguchi Masami K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Pupil contagion refers to the observer’s pupil-diameter changes in response to changes in the pupil diameter of others. Recent studies on the other-race effect on pupil contagion have mainly focused on using eye region images as stimuli, revealing the effect in adults but not in infants. To address this research gap, the current study used whole-face images as stimuli to assess the pupil-diameter response of 5–6-month-old and 7–8-month-old infants to changes in the pupil-diameter of both upright and inverted other-race faces. The study initially hypothesized that there would be no pupil contagion in either upright or inverted other-race faces, based on our previous finding of pupil contagion occurring only in own-race faces among 5–6-month-old infants. Notably, the current results indicated that 5–6-month-old infants exhibited pupil contagion in both upright and inverted other-race faces, while 7–8-month-old infants showed this effect only in upright other-race faces. These results demonstrate that the face inversion effect of pupil contagion does not occur in 5–6-month-old infants, thereby suggesting the presence of the other-race effect in pupil contagion among this age group. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of the other-race effect on infants’ pupil contagion using face stimuli.