bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mode of Action and Clinical Outcomes of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Solid Tumors
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Cardillo Thomas M. , Chou Chih-Chien , Dornan Carrie , Faris Mary 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), a trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2)–directed antibody–drug conjugate, is currently approved to treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and HR+/HER2− breast cancer and is under clinical investigation for a range of other tumor types. This review describes its mode of action, development, and clinical outcomes. SG is composed of SN-38 (a topoisomerase I inhibitor derived from irinotecan) covalently linked to an anti–Trop-2 mAb (sacituzumab; hRS7) via a hydrolyzable CL2A linker. SN-38 was chosen due to its potent antitumor activity; CL2A occupies the most effective position on SN-38 for maintaining stability during transport, with pH-sensitive payload release in the tumor, and the antigen target (Trop-2) is highly expressed on many solid tumors. SG has an ∼8:1 drug-to-antibody ratio and delivers therapeutic SN-38 concentration to Trop-2+–expressing tumor cells via rapid internalization and efficient payload release. Free SN-38 can subsequently enter the tumor microenvironment and kill adjacent tumor cells with or without Trop-2 expression (bystander effect). SN-38 induces DNA breakage and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis via a drug-induced topoisomerase 1:DNA complex that interferes with cell proliferation, causing apoptosis. Dose-finding studies support SG 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle as the monotherapy dose for clinical use; this was determined by therapeutic index improvement based on efficacy and safety. Payload–linker dynamics and SG potency ensure continued tissue penetration. Neutropenia and diarrhea are the most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events with SG, but they are manageable. The efficacy of SG has been demonstrated across a broad spectrum of solid tumors.
States and Their Diasporas
Authors: Vardanyan Hratsin , Hakobyan Mariam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In assessing the emerging role of diasporas in contemporary international relations, several states have established state structures to engage with their diasporas and develop special policies related to them. This article addresses the creation of such a policy, using the example of Soviet Armenia’s relations with the Armenian diaspora, highlighting the setup of institutions tasked to work with that diaspora, the main directions of this activity, and policy changes regarding the Armenian diaspora. The article demonstrates that by developing connections with the diaspora the Soviet authorities aimed above all to enhance the prestige of the Soviet Union abroad, especially in countries with substantial diasporic Armenian populations. Paradoxically, the ties they forged also facilitated the establishment and growth of institutional relations between the Soviet Republic of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora, leading to a significant increase in, and the pursuit of, activities related to specifically Armenian national and cultural identity.
A Name Riddle in a Samaritan Hebrew Poem
Authors: Stadel Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article presents a section of an 18th-century Hybrid Samaritan Hebrew poem from the Day of Atonement liturgy that contains a name riddle. The text is translated, explained, and then compared to Jewish Hebrew name riddle poems from medieval Andalusia. Since the genre of Hebrew name riddle poems is generally thought to be unique to Andalusian poetry, the discovery of the Samaritan specimen is surprising. It is argued that the Jewish and Samaritan Hebrew name riddle poems developed independently from the Arabic muʿammā genre. The discovery testifies to the importance of the corpus of Samaritan Hebrew texts for the study of Hebrew literature.
The Jam: Speculative-Mutant Pedagogies, Aesthetic Education Theory, and Becoming Joy with Children in a What If World
Authors: Woglom James F. , Jones Stephanie 
Published: February 2025

Designing pedagogical spaces that affirm and embody the aesthetic theories that guide practitioners in art education (and education broadly speaking) isn’t always easy. Those theories call for experimentation, creative expression, protest, rejection of repetition, and a collective creation of newness and difference. In other words, these theories call for pedagogues to be comfortable with the unpredictable and emerging ways of being and becoming within specific entanglements of place, children, materiality, discourses, bodies, sound, affect, and so much more. In this graphica piece, the authors illuminate an enduring pedagogical event that was designed for and unfolded at an informal, no-fee, community-based education center for youth [second author] directed for six years. Affectionately called “The Clubhouse,” this neighborhood-embedded space centered critical aesthetic, relational ways of being that we have conceived of as a what if world. While James (first author) was aware that their carefully planned sessions with the youth were being carried away by the animated entanglement of children, music instruments, and an affirming space, and was uneasy that the “noise” produced by those participants might be bothering others or distracting from James’ own presumed learning objectives, they carried on and lived through theories of aesthetic education joyfully. The piece suggests that constraining forces that push toward compliance keep living theory and living theory joyfully at bay. Maxine Greene, Felix Guattari, Herbert Marcuse, and Jacques Ranciére make guest appearances in this graphica, like wise and brilliant mentors offering affirmative and ethical ways of thinking, being, and doing with these young music-makers who have faced so much institutional rigidity and educational repetition. We also hope readers will enjoy and make new and different meanings with the inclusion of the Grateful Dead as a long-enduring band-event that has always been about creating newness and difference through experimentation far beyond conventions of art. Researchers and practitioners can hopefully glean powerful glances into critical feminist posthumanist arts-infused research. They might also recognize the theoretical and practical promises of being with children in the noisy, unpredictable, and sometimes – maybe oftentimes or always – unsettling spaces created when we follow the courage and hope it takes to live out theories of justice and equity through aesthetic theories. Maybe, just maybe, in doing so, we can lean into our own mutant-speculative pedagogies and experience a little more justice and joy where we are.
“Effectiveness of a Multimodal Teaching Program on Nurses” Knowledge Acquisition, Practice, and Perception of Neurodevelopmental Supportive Care in NICU: A Non-randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: A Raghu V , Vatsa Manju , Gupta Neeraj , Latha ** , T Thuileiphy 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Developmental supportive care (DSC) gradually gaining recognition and adoption in NICUs. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multimodal teaching program (MMTP) on nurses’ knowledge acquisition, practices, and perception of neurodevelopmental supportive care (NDSC). Methods A non-randomized controlled trial with a one-group pre-test–post-test design was employed to evaluate the efficacy of MMTP on NDSC among the 55 nurses working in the NICU. Pre and post-assessment followed by one-month follow-up data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire for knowledge, an observation checklist for practice assessment and a Likert scale to assess the perception. Results This study findings showed that the mean (SD) score at pre-test, post-test-I and II were 12.18 (3.15), 17.2 (1.04) and 19.1 (1.82), respectively; MD (95% CI) between pre-test and post-test-I = 5.06 (3.84-6.27), P = .001 and MD (95% CI) between pre-test and post-test-II = 6.90 (5.78-8.09), P = .001. After the MMTP, 90%-100% of nurses exhibited adequate practice skills in NDSC, with 81.6% of participants reporting a positive perception toward it. Conclusion The MMTP effectively improved and sustained nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding NDSC.
Does Hearing Improve Following Primary Cleft Palate Repair?
Authors: Stylianou Theodoros , Tay Jing Qin , Soylu Erdinc , Geyer Marcel , Fallico Nefer 
Published: February 2025

Objective To establish the effect of cleft palate repair on hearing outcomes in children with glue ear and conductive hearing loss undergoing elective primary palatoplasty. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent cleft palate repair (isolated cleft palate [CPO], unilateral cleft lip and palate [UCLP], and bilateral CLP [BCLP]) between 2020 and 2022 in a single institution. Patient demographic data and cleft type were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed on pre and postoperative audiology reports. Results A total of 42 children (20 males, 22 females) had cleft palate repair within the study period. The mean age at primary repair was 15.2 months (range: 8-33 months). Seven of the 42 children were syndromic and 4 had Pierre Robin sequence. Preoperatively, 36 patients (86%) were diagnosed with conductive hearing loss. A single patient had hearing aids preoperatively due to severe hearing loss. One patient had grommets inserted at the time of palatoplasty. Postoperatively, all 42 patients attended their follow-up audiology appointments (100%); 20 patients (48%) had improved hearing levels, 18 (43%) had similar hearing levels, and 4 (9%) had worse hearing levels. When stratified by cleft type (25 CPO, 9 BCLP, and 8 UCLP) no difference was noted. Four patients required hearing aids postoperatively. Conclusions This study confirms that primary cleft palate repair has a positive impact on audiology outcomes in patients with cleft. These findings suggest that primary cleft palate repair may improve hearing at an early stage, possibly by contributing proactively to restoring eustachian tube function and normalizing middle ear ventilation before glue ear and associated conductive hearing loss improve with patient maturity.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Aortic Arch Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer Using Castor Single-Branched Stent-Graft With Zone 2 Landing
Authors: Li Xiaoye , Fan Jiefu , Zhang Lei , Song Chao , Zhang Hao , Xia Shibo , Li Haiyan , Lu Qingsheng 
Published: February 2025

Background: This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic arch penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) using Castor single-branched stent-graft with zone 2 landing. Methods: Between May 2020 and April 2022, a total of 25 aortic arch PAU patients were treated by TEVAR with Castor single-branched stent-graft. Outcomes included technical success, perioperative and follow-up morbidity and mortality, and patency of left subclavian artery (LSA). Results: All patients had aortic arch PAU with intramural hematoma (IMH). The proximal landing zone for all patients was in zone 2, which was between the distal edge of the left common carotid artery and proximal edge of LSA, in all cases. Technical success was achieved in all cases. During hospitalization after the operation, 1 patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding, and 2 patients (8.0%) had ischemic stroke. At a median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range [IQR], 24-30 months), 2 (8.0%) patients died, including 1 ischemic stroke and 1 hemorrhagic stroke. One patient (4.0%) had reintervention owing to retrograde type A aortic dissection (RTAD) 2 months after the operation, and was successfully treated with aortic root remodeling, ascending aorta and total aortic arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk procedure. No endoleak or LSA occlusion occurred. The maximal diameter of aorta at proximal (30.2±2.4 mm vs 31.2±3.0 mm; p>0.05) and distal (25.7±2.8 mm vs 24.5±2.3 mm; p>0.05) landing zone showed no significant difference before and after the operation. Conclusions: The TEVAR for aortic arch PAU using Castor single-branched stent-graft is a safe and efficient option with zone 2 landing. Clinical Impact For patients with diagnosis of PAU with IMH, TEVAR with Castor single-branched stent-graft presents low mid-term mortality and morbidity rate, which should be considered as an optimal option when proximal landing zone is insufficient and revascularization of left subclavian artery (LSA) is needed. With Castor single-branched stent-graft, LSA could be revascularized easily and accurately.
Outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis: A cohort study of 325 patients
Authors: Malhotra Aryan , Jain Ankita , Spirollari Eris , Kaddoura Rachid , Arthur Melinda Christine , Sacknovitz Ariel , Nawaiseh Mohammed B , Medicherla Chaitanya , Kaur Gurmeen , Gandhi Chirag D , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: February 2025

Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition that presents with significant treatment challenges and has traditionally been managed with anticoagulation. However, for patients who fail anticoagulation or present with severe symptoms, endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has emerged as a favorable treatment modality. This study examines the outcomes, complications, and comorbidities associated with EVT in patients with CVT. Methods A query of the 2015-2019 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample was performed for patients admitted to hospitals with ICD-10 diagnosis codes for CVT and ICD-10 procedure codes for usage of EVT. Demographic information, baseline comorbidities, complications, and discharge dispositions were compared between patients who underwent EVT and those who were managed medically. Results A total of 36,005 patients diagnosed with CVT were identified from 2015(Q4) to 2019. Of these patients, 325 (0.9%) received EVT. Patients who underwent EVT were older (<0.001), more likely to be female (p = 0.016), and had higher rates of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.012), hypertension (p < 0.001), and obesity (p < 0.001). These patients also presented with more severe neurological symptoms, including higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (p < 0.001), coma (p < 0.001), and cerebral edema (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing EVT had a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (p = 0.007) and were less likely to be discharged routinely (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study found that patients with CVT who underwent EVT were older, more likely to be female, and presented with more severe neurological conditions. After controlling for severity, EVT in patients with CVT was associated with significant risks, including higher rates of complications and inpatient mortality. Although EVT is associated with significant risks, the findings of this study suggest that its outcomes may reflect the severity of the underlying condition rather than the procedure itself. Careful patient selection and individualized management strategies are essential for optimizing outcomes in this high-risk population.
Quest for the optimal venous access in a complex skull base dural fistula: Case illustrations and principles
Authors: Almallouhi Eyad , Sattur Mithun G. , Abo Kasem Rahim , Muthana Ahmed , Wood Robert E. , Spiotta Alejandro M. 
Published: February 2025

Treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) is dynamic and evolves between diagnostic and therapeutic angiography. A 79-year-old man with a left jugular foramen DAVF presented with new onset cranial nerve XII palsy. The DAVF progressed from Cognard grade I to IIa + b. A transvenous approach was chosen. Attempts to access the left inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) via the left internal jugular vein failed due to occlusion. An alternative route through the left superior ophthalmic vein and left cavernous sinus to the IPS was devised. Successful coil occlusion of the IPS was achieved. Postoperatively, symptoms resolved, and angiography showed no cortical venous reflux.
Perineural Invasion Unveiled: Deciphering the Prognostic Impact of Diameter and Quantity Subcategories in Oral Cancer
Authors: Cheng Hui-Wen , Lin Li-Han , Lin Hung-Pin , Liu Chung-Ji 
Published: February 2025

Importance Perineural invasion (PNI) is an established prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the impact of its subcategories on survival is not fully understood. This study quantifies the number and diameter of PNI foci to assess their prognostic relevance in OSCC. Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of PNI subcategories, specifically the number and diameter of PNI foci, as predictors of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in OSCC patients. Design Retrospective cohort study, adhering to STROBE guidelines. Setting Single-center study at MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, including patients diagnosed with OSCC from 2005 to 2018. Participants Nine hundred twenty-six patients with biopsy-proven OSCC, excluding those with perioperative mortality or incomplete follow-up. Exposure Histological evaluation of PNI, including quantifying the number and diameter of invaded nerves, along with clinicopathological features such as tumor stage and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Main Outcome Measures OS and DFS, assessed via Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for PNI foci subcategories. Results PNI was present in 138 (14.9%) patients and was significantly associated with adverse histologic features, advanced tumor stage, nodal involvement, metastasis, and LVI. Multivariate analysis revealed that both the number of PNI foci greater than 4 and nerve diameters exceeding 0.21 mm were significantly associated with poorer OS and DFS ( P < .05). After adjusting for clinical variables, PNI remained an independent predictor of worse OS [hazard ratio (HR): 1.37] and DFS (HR: 1.46). Conclusions and Relevance PNI is a significant independent prognostic factor in OSCC. Patients with more than 4 PNI foci or nerve involvement greater than 0.21 mm in diameter experienced significantly worse survival outcomes. These findings suggest that detailed assessment of PNI subcategories should be incorporated into OSCC management, guiding treatment decisions and potentially informing the need for adjuvant therapies.
Effects of a 12-week digital training equipment program on cognitive function and mental health in older women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Byung-Sun , Choi Bong Du , Park Ho Sung , Seo Chae Won , Kim Kyung-Ae 
Published: February 2025

Objective Combined interventions of physical activity and cognitive training have been shown to effectively enhance physical and mental factors in older adults. Digital-based tools offer various social advantages and may be more effective in improving the physical and mental well-being of older adults. As digital health content can simultaneously provide physical activity and cognitive training, this study aims to investigate the effects of a digital-based physical and cognitive training program on the physical and mental health of older women and to explore the potential of digital tools for older adults. Methods The participants, older women, engaged in the program three times a week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes (10 minutes for each of the three components). The content included digital health tools such as VR, motion tracking, and touchscreens designed for cognitive and physical fitness. Measurements were taken one week before and after the intervention for both groups, assessing body composition, cognitive function, depression, and quality of life. Results Data from 36 participants were analyzed. Interaction effects were observed in body fat mass ( P = .011) and body fat percentage ( P = .01), with improvements noted in the digital intervention group. Cognitive function ( P = .017) and depression ( P = .017) also showed significant improvements in the digital intervention group. Quality of life subdomains, including Physical Function ( P = .009), Limitation of Physical Function ( P = .004), and Pain ( P = .002), demonstrated significant interaction effects, though no interaction effects were found in other subdomains. Conclusion This study found that digital-based combined interventions did not significantly impact body comb position but did improve cognitive function and depression in older women. These findings suggest that digital tools can be effectively utilized for the comprehensive management of cognitive function and mental health well-being. Such insights contribute to promoting healthy aging and provide an efficient method for managing the mental and physical health of older adults.
Cost-effectiveness of the Floodlight® MS app in Austria. Unlocking the mystery of costs and outcomes of a digital health application for patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Walter Evelyn , Traunfellner Matthäus , Meyer Franz , Enzinger Christian , Guger Michael , Bsteh Christian , Altmann Patrick , Hegen Harald , Goger Christoph , Mikl Veronika 
Published: February 2025

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting 2.9 million people worldwide, often leading to permanent disability. MS patients frequently use eHealth tools due to their relatively young age. The Floodlight® MS app is a scientifically designed smartphone application that helps patients monitor hand motor skills, walking ability and cognition between medical appointments. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of using the Floodlight® MS app alongside standard-of-care (SoC) versus SoC alone in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) from the perspective of the healthcare system. Methods A 10-year decision-analytic model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of incorporating the Floodlight® MS app alongside SoC. The analysis included treatment-naive individuals and those already on drug therapy, modelling the app's role in early detection of disease progression and relapses to improve quality-of-life. Results For treatment-naive patients, using the Floodlight® MS app resulted in a 2,660 € increase in total costs but yielded potential medical-cost savings of 786 € through health improvements. These patients experienced fewer relapses and slower disability progression, translating to a quality-of-life improvement of 4.5 months in perfect health and an incremental-cost-effectiveness-ratio (ICER) of 7,071 €. Pre-treated patients showed similar trends, with medical-cost savings of 718 €, an ICER of 7,864 €, and a quality-of-life improvement of 4.2 months. Higher effectiveness (+5%) led to an additional 8.3 months in perfect health and a reduction in overall costs. Conclusion The analysis demonstrates that the Floodlight® MS app is a cost-effective digital health application, encouraging broader discussions on maximizing the potential of software-as-medical-devices within the care pathway.