bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the expression of surface receptors on lymphocyte subsets in the elderly: Quantitative flow cytometric analysis
Authors: Ginaldi Lia , De Martinis Massimo , D'Ostilio Annamaria , Marini Lucia , Loreto Francesca , Modesti Marco , Quaglino Dennis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe immunophenotype of circulating lymphocytes, including the intensity expression of surface receptors, changes with ageing. Until now, no results of systematic studies on age‐dependent changes with respect to the expression of the major lymphocyte surface receptors in healthy elderly subjects have been reported. In order to identify age‐related changes in both representation and immunophenotype of lymphocyte populations, we investigated, by means of triple‐color whole‐blood immunostaining and quantitative flow cytometry, the percent values and the absolute numbers, as well as the levels of surface antigen expression or antigen molecules per cell (ABC values × 103), of different peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets from 23 healthy elderly subjects and 13 young donors. Naive (CD45RA+CD3+) T cells, total B cells, and CD5+ B lymphocytes are decreased (22%, 6%, 0.8% vs. 30%, 12%, 1.4%, respectively), whereas activated (HLA‐DR+CD3+) and memory (CD45RO+CD3+) T cells, CD3+CD7− T lymphocytes, and lymphocytes expressing the NK marker CD56 are expanded in the elderly (2%, 53%, 13%, 6% vs. 0.8%, 45%, 8%, 8%, respectively). Moreover, T lymphocytes from elderly individuals express lower CD3 (61 ± 10) compared to young (69 ± 10). Considering the different T‐cell populations, CD3 antigen is respectively decreased on CD45RO+ T cells (55 ± 14 vs. 66 ± 14) and up‐regulated on CD56+ T lymphocytes (62 ± 21 vs. 45 ± 20). Increased CD8 expression characterizes CD3+CD7− lymphocytes (70 ± 34 vs. 44 ± 17) while HLA‐DR on activated T cells is lower in old (39 ± 7) than young (46 ± 9) donors. CD7 is down‐regulated both in T (22 ± 3 vs. 28 ± 3) and NK (48 ± 18 vs. 71 ± 18) cells, whereas CD2 expression, unchanged on NK cells, is up‐regulated on T lymphocytes (54 ± 10 vs. 41 ± 8). Age‐related changes in B‐cell antigen expressions were also found: CD20 is increased (124 ± 23 vs. 105 ± 16) whereas, despite the unchanged CD5 expression of T cells, CD5 intensity on the B‐cell subset co‐expressing this antigen is higher in old (49 ± 37) than in young (22 ± 4) people. The observed changes in the expression of functionally important cellular receptors can contribute to the remodeling of immune function characteristic of the elderly. Moreover, since quantitative flow cytometry is becoming widely employed in clinical practice, our results also contribute to the assessment of specific age‐dependent antigen expression changes to be considered for diagnostic approaches in the elderly. Am. J. Hematol. 67:63–72, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robbery characteristics and employee injuries in convenience stores*†
Authors: Faulkner Kimberly A. , Landsittel Douglas P. , Hendricks Scott A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundEach year approximately 30,000 convenience store employees are at risk for injuries related to robberies and many are fatal.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 460 convenience store robberies from 1 February 1995 to 30 September 1996 was conducted to uncover possible associations between injury and pertinent robbery circumstances and work environments. Data collection sources included police reports, employee interviews, store evaluations, and relevant Census data. Rate ratios and correlation statistics were calculated to identify associations with injury and relationships between variables.ResultsInjury risk was strongly associated with the following characteristics: employee resistance, robberies without firearms or money taken, daytime and merchandise robberies, stores with limited escape routes and no cash policy or drop safe, older clerks, and surrounding areas with lower valued buildings, less expensive rent, more vacant structures, and younger residents. Numerous intercorrelations between these characteristics were identified.DiscussionTraining opportunities, store procedures, and environmental designs are important factors to consider in reducing robbery‐related injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:703–709, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Study of smoking behavior in asbestos workers*
Authors: Osinubi Omowunmi Y.O. , Afilaka Aboaba A. , Doucette John , Golden Anne , Soriano Theresa , Rovner Elisheva , Anselm Edward 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAsbestos exposure and concomitant cigarette smoking markedly increase the risk of lung cancer and contribute to the prevalence and severity of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 214 asbestos workers was initiated to determine the prevalence of smoking and their readiness to quit smoking using the stage of change theory.ResultsThe study was comprised of 61 never smokers (28.5%), 118 ex‐smokers (55.1%), and 35 current smokers (16.4%). Reasons for smoking cessation in ex‐smokers included perception of ill‐health (51%) and knowledge of smoking‐asbestos hazards (3.4%). Stage of change of current smokers revealed: precontemplation (26.5%), contemplation (35%), preparation (29%), and action (8.8%). Current smokers had the highest prevalence of small airway obstruction on spirometry.ConclusionsA detailed smoking history during medical surveillance activities will enable the occupational physician to identify asbestos workers who have difficulty quitting and to develop a system in which such individuals can be referred to comprehensive smoking cessation programs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:62–69, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational exposures and cancers of the endometrium and cervix uteri in Finland
Authors: Weiderpass Elisabete , Pukkala Eero , Vasama‐Neuvonen Kaisa , Kauppinen Timo , Vainio Harri , Paakkulainen Harri , Boffetta Paolo , Partanen Timo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer incidence rates are low in Asia and Africa and high in North America and Northern Europe. Cervical cancer is often the most common female cancer in developing countries, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is its main risk factor. However, other factors, such as occupational exposures may modify the HPV‐related risk. We conducted an exploratory register‐linkage study in Finland to assess the role of occupational exposures on incidence rates of cancers of the endometrium and cervix uteri.MethodsOccupational risk factors for endometrial and cervical cancers were explored in a 25‐year follow‐up of female workers born 1906–1945 (N = 413,877) identified through the Population Census of Finland of 1970. Job titles in census records were converted to exposures of 31 occupational agents through a job‐exposure matrix. Poisson regression models estimated relative risks (RR) for each agent, standardized for birth cohort, follow‐up period, and socio‐economic status. For each agent, the product of level and probability of exposure was calculated and subdivided in three categories: zero, low, and medium/high. Adjustment at the job title level was done for the turnover rate (endometrial and cervical cancers), mean parity, and age at first birth (endometrial cancer).ResultsEndometrial cancer (2,833 cases) was associated with exposure to animal dust (RR 1.2, low level, 174 cases) and sedentary work (RR 1.3, high level, 145 cases). Cervical cancer (1,101 cases) was associated with exposure to aliphatic and alicyclic (RR 1.3, low level, 91 cases), aromatic (RR 1.2, low level, 318 cases; RR 1.4, high level, 41 cases), and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (RR 1.3, low level, 50 cases), silica dust (RR 1.2, low level, 251 cases), and wood dust (RR 1.2, low level, 249 cases).ConclusionsThis study suggests that occupational exposures may be associated with increased risk of endometrial and cervical cancers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:572–580, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Report from the third international meeting of the Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Molecular Genetics Network
Authors: Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGrowing evidence of a genetic contribution to attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has prompted investigators from around the world to convene annually to discuss ways of facilitating collaboration and sharing information about their work on this topic. The number of participants in the meeting has grown each year as a result of enthusiastic responses to each previous conference. This third annual meeting, held in Boston, began with presentations of ongoing and proposed collaborations. The status of Hypescheme, an operational criteria checklist developed in an effort to promote the reliable communication of information related to ADHD, was reviewed. A symposium was conducted to review current evidence for whether DSM‐IV subtypes breed true. Finally, new data from individual research sites were presented. Despite recent advances, more work is needed to better characterize heritable aspects of the ADHD phenotype as well as the actual candidate genes themselves. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of linkage disequilibrium between chromosome 22q11 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a large outbred population
Authors: Shaw Sarah H. , Hutchison Don , Saiz Robert , Abel Ken , Delisi Lynn E. , Schork Nicholas J. , Sherrington Robin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo assess the utility of linkage disequilibrium (LD) as a tool for fine‐mapping disease genes in non‐isolated populations, we have assessed the linkage disequilibrium strength among a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an approximate 1 Mb region of human chromosome 22q11. Nineteen random SNPs were discovered and tested across this region with an average spacing of 57 kb (range = 1.4–289 kb). These 19 SNPs were genotyped in a population consisting of 444 unrelated pedigrees that were largely collected in the U.S. and U.K. Haplotypes for all pedigrees were derived from pedigree data and over 1,400 haplotypes from unrelated individuals were evaluated for linkage disequilibrium between marker alleles. In addition, linkage disequilibrium between marker alleles was also evaluated using estimated haplotypes without genealogical information (i.e., without parental genotype information). Every marker pair combination was tested for a total of 171 tests and 2 × 2 contingency tables were constructed to measure LD strength. In general the haplotypes derived from pedigree data provided a more conservative estimate of LD strength. Using genealogical information for estimates of D′, 59% (10/17) of marker pairs less than 50 kb apart had D′ values > 0.30. Finally, we observed a 60 kb region with non‐significant LD, which could reflect increased recombination in this region. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case control and family‐based studies of tryptophan hydroxylase gene A218C polymorphism and suicidality in adolescents
Authors: Zalsman Gil , Frisch Amos , King Robert A. , Pauls David L. , Grice Dorothy E. , Gelernter Joel , Alsobrook John , Michaelovsky Elena , Apter Alan , Tyano Samuel , Weizman Abraham , Leckman James F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe association of suicidality with polymorphism A218C in intron 7 of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene remains controversial. The aim of this study was to use family‐based methods to examine this association in adolescents in order to eliminate the difficulty of sampling a control group from the same ethnic population. Eighty‐eight inpatient adolescents who recently attempted suicide were assessed by structured interview for detailed clinical history, diagnoses, suicide intent, suicide risk, impulsivity, aggression, and depression. DNA samples were collected from all subjects, from both biological parents of 40 subjects and from one parent of 9 subjects; TPH allele frequencies were calculated and tested for association to phenotype, stratified by severity, using the haplotype relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) methods (n = 49). The frequencies were also compared for all the Jewish subjects (n = 84) to the known frequencies of these alleles in healthy Jewish populations. There was no significant allelic association of A218C polymorphism with suicidal behavior or other phenotypic measures according to the HRR method (chi‐square = 0.094; P = 0.76), the TDT (chi‐square = 0.258; P = 0.61), or association analysis to known population frequencies (chi‐square = 1.667, P = 0.19 for Ashkenazi, and chi‐square = 0.810, P = 0.37 for non‐Ashkenazi). Analysis of variance with the Scheffè test demonstrated a significant difference between CC and AA genotypes in suicide risk and depression among the patients (n = 88). The findings suggest that polymorphism A218C has no major relevance to the pathogenesis of adolescent suicidal behavior, but may have a subtle effect on some related phenotypes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manipulating the affiliative interactions of group‐housed rhesus macaques using positive reinforcement training techniques
Authors: Schapiro Steven J. , Perlman Jaine E. , Boudreau Brock A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSocial housing, whether continuous, intermittent, or partial contact, typically provides many captive primates with opportunities to express affiliative behaviors, important components of the species‐typical behavioral repertoire. Positive reinforcement training techniques have been successfully employed to shape many behaviors important for achieving primate husbandry goals. The present study was conducted to determine whether positive reinforcement training techniques could also be employed to alter levels of affiliative interactions among group‐housed rhesus macaques. Twenty‐eight female rhesus were divided into high (n = 14) and low (n = 14) affiliators based on a median split of the amount of time they spent affiliating during the baseline phase of the study. During the subsequent training phase, half of the low affiliators (n = 7) were trained to increase their time spent affiliating, and half of the high affiliators (n = 7) were trained to decrease their time spent affiliating. Trained subjects were observed both during and outside of training sessions. Low affiliators significantly increased the amount of time they spent affiliating, but only during nontraining sessions. High affiliators on the other hand, significantly decreased the amount of time they spent affiliating, but only during training sessions. These data suggest that positive reinforcement techniques can be used to alter the affiliative behavior patterns of group‐housed, female rhesus monkeys, although the two subgroups of subjects responded differently to the training process. Low affiliators changed their overall behavioral repertoire, while high affiliators responded to the reinforcement contingencies of training, altering their proximity patterns but not their overall behavior patterns. Thus, positive reinforcement training can be used not only as a means to promote species‐typical or beneficial behavior patterns, but also as an important experimental manipulation to facilitate systematic analyses of the effects of psychosocial factors on behavior and potentially even immunology. Am. J. Primatol. 55:137–149, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA decay rate in papyri and human remains from Egyptian archaeological sites
Authors: Marota Isolina , Basile Corrado , Ubaldi Massimo , Rollo Franco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe writing sheets made with strips from the stem (caulis) of papyri (Cyperus papyrus) are one of the most ingenious products of ancient technology. We extracted DNA from samples of modern papyri varying in age from 0–100 years BP and from ancient specimens from Egypt, with an age‐span from 1,300–3,200 years BP. The copy number of the plant chloroplast DNA in the sheets was determined using a competitive PCR system designed on the basis of a short (90 bp) tract of the chloroplast's ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) gene sequence. The results allowed us to establish that the DNA half‐life in papyri is about 19–24 years. This means that the last DNA fragments will vanish within no more than 532–672 years from the sheets being manufactured. In a parallel investigation, we checked the archaeological specimens for the presence of residual DNA and determined the extent of racemization of aspartic (Asp) acid in both modern and ancient specimens, as a previous report (Poinar et al. [1996], Science 272:864–866) showed that racemization of aspartic acid and DNA decay are linked. The results confirmed the complete loss of authentic DNA, even in the less ancient (8th century AD) papyri. On the other hand, when the regression for Asp racemization rates in papyri was compared with that for human and animal remains from Egyptian archaeological sites, it proved, quite surprisingly, that the regressions are virtually identical. Our study provides an indirect argument against the reliability of claims about the recovery of authentic DNA from Egyptian mummies and bone remains. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:310–318, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial epilepsy with pericentral spikes: A new familial epilepsy syndrome with evidence for linkage to chromosome 4p15
Authors: Kinton Lucy , Johnson Michael R. , Smith Shelagh J. M. , Farrell Fiona , Stevens John , Rance James B. , Claudino Angelica M. , Duncan John S. , Davis Mary B. , Wood Nicholas W. , Sander Josemir W. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe genetic analysis of simple Mendelian epilepsies remains a key strategy in advancing our understanding of epilepsy. In this article, we describe a new family epilepsy syndrome, partial epilepsy with pericentral spikes, which we map to chromosome 4p15. We distinguish it clinically, electrophysiologically, and genetically from previously described Mendelian epilepsies. The family described is a large Brazilian kindred of Portuguese extraction in which affected family members manifest a variety of seizure types, including hemiclonic, hemitonic, generalized tonic‐clonic, simple partial (stereotyped episodes of epigastric pain), and complex partial seizures consistent with temporal lobe epilepsy. The syndrome is benign, either requiring no treatment or responding to a single antiepileptic medication. Seizure onset is in the first or second decades of life, with seizures in individuals up to the age of 71 years and documented encephalogram changes up to the age of 30 years. A key feature of partial epilepsy with pericentral spikes is a characteristic encephalogram abnormality of spikes or sharp waves in the pericentral region (centroparietal, centrofrontal, or centrotemporal). This distinctive encephalogram abnormality of pericentral spikes unites these several seizure types into a discrete family epilepsy syndrome. As with other familial epilepsies, the inherited nature of this new syndrome may be overlooked because of the variability in penetrance and seizure types among affected family members.
Monocyte activation and differentiation augment human endogenous retrovirus expression: Implications for inflammatory brain diseases
Authors: Johnston James B. , Silva Claudia , Holden Janet , Warren Kenneth G. , Clark Arthur W. , Power Christopher 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been implicated as causative agents in diseases characterized by inflammation and macrophage activation, such as multiple sclerosis. Because monocyte activation and differentiation influence retroviral transcription and replication, we investigated the contribution of these processes to the expression of four HERV families (HERV‐W, HERV‐K, HERV‐E, and HERV‐H) in human monocytes and autopsied brain tissue from patients with brain diseases associated with increased macrophage activity. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis of primary macrophages and U937 monocytoid cells stimulated with phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate or lipopolysaccharide revealed three‐ to ninefold increases in HERV‐W, HERV‐K, and HERV‐H RNA levels. In addition, elevated reverse transcriptase activity and HERV RNA were detectable in supernatants from PMA‐stimulated U937 cultures, properties that could be attenuated with the inhibitor of monocyte differentiation threonine‐lysine‐proline. In contrast, stimulation of monocytes decreased or had no effect on HERV‐E expression. Compared with controls, HERV‐W and HERV‐K expression was increased in brain tissue from patients with multiple sclerosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection or AIDS, with concomitant elevated tumor necrosis factor‐α levels. Similarly, elevated HERV‐W levels were detected in patients with Alzheimer's dementia only when tumor necrosis factor‐α expression was also evident (2 of 6 cases). The detection of several HERVs in inflammatory brain diseases and the capacity to augment HERV expression in monocytes with compounds that influence cellular activity suggest that increased expression of these viruses is a consequence of increased immune activity rather than causative of distinct diseases.
Autosomal dominant Glut‐1 deficiency syndrome and familial epilepsy
Authors: Brockmann Knut , Wang Dong , Korenke Christoph G. , Von Moers Arpad , Ho Yuan‐Yuan , Pascual Juan M. , Kuang Kunyan , Yang Hong , Ma Li , Kranz‐Eble Pamela , Fischbarg Jorge , Hanefeld Folker , De Vivo Darryl C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGlut‐1 deficiency syndrome was first described in 1991 as a sporadic clinical condition, later shown to be the result of haploinsufficiency. We now report a family with Glut‐1 deficiency syndrome affecting 5 members over 3 generations. The syndrome behaves as an autosomal dominant condition. Affected family members manifested mild to severe seizures, developmental delay, ataxia, hypoglycorrhachia, and decreased erythrocyte 3‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucose uptake. Seizure frequency and severity were aggravated by fasting, and responded to a carbohydrate load. Glut‐1 immunoreactivity in erythrocyte membranes was normal. A heterozygous R126H missense mutation was identified in the 3 patients available for testing, 2 brothers (Generation 3) and their mother (Generation 2). The sister and her father were clinically and genotypically normal. In vitro mutagenesis studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated significant decreases in the transport of 3‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucose and dehydroascorbic acid. Xenopus oocyte membranes expressed high amounts of the R126H mutant Glut‐1. Kinetic analysis indicated that replacement of arginine‐126 by histidine in the mutant Glut‐1 resulted in a lower Vmax. These studies demonstrate the pathogenicity of the R126H missense mutation and transmission of Glut‐1 deficiency syndrome as an autosomal dominant trait.