bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollination efficiency and the evolution of sex allocation – diminishing returns matter
Authors: Harder Lawrence D. , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryImmobility of flowering plants requires them to engage pollen vectors to outcross, introducing considerable inefficiency in the conversion of pollen production into sired seeds. Whether inefficiencies influence the evolution of the relative resource allocation to female and male functions has been debated for more than 40 years. Whereas early models suggested no effect, negative interspecific relations of mean pollen production and pollen : ovule ratios to the proportion of removed pollen that is exported to stigmas (pollen‐transfer efficiency) indicate otherwise. Here, we consider theoretically a key condition that determines whether the efficiencies of processes (first derivative of process output with respect to input) affect the evolutionarily stable sex (ESS) allocation. No effect arises if all individuals experience the same efficiency. By contrast, a decline in process efficiency with increasing allocation (diminishing returns) generally reduces the ESS male allocation for a population. Furthermore, differences in the allocation dependence of efficiencies (and hence the ESS sex allocation) among populations/species create a negative relation of realised efficiency to male allocation among species, like that observed empirically. Diminishing returns arise for various processes that affect siring (e.g. pollen export and local pollen competition to fertilise ovules), which may differ in their relative influence on sex allocation among species.
Comprehensive Analysis Reveals the Potential Diagnostic Value of Biomarkers Associated With Aging and Circadian Rhythm in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Yuze , Li Bo , Yang Jiaju , Liu Pengyu , Gao Yuanpeng , Zhang Min , Ning Guangzhi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized by structural changes. Aging is a major risk factor for KOA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the role of genes related to aging and circadian rhythms in KOA.MethodsThis study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing gene expression levels between normal and KOA samples from the GEO database. Subsequently, we intersected the DEGs with aging‐related circadian rhythm genes to obtain a set of aging‐associated circadian rhythm genes differentially expressed in KOA. Next, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using the differentially expressed aging‐related circadian rhythm genes in KOA as the exposure factors, their SNPs as instrumental variables, and KOA as the outcome event, to explore the causal relationship between these genes and KOA. We then performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to investigate the pathways associated with the selected biomarkers, conducted immune infiltration analysis, built a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and performed molecular docking studies. Additionally, the findings and functional roles of the biomarkers were further validated through experiments on human cartilage tissue and cell models.ResultsA total of 75 differentially expressed aging‐circadian rhythm related genes between the normal group and the KOA group were identified by difference analysis, primarily enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway. Two biomarkers (PFKFB4 and DDIT4) were screened by MR analysis. Then, immune infiltration analysis showed significant differences in three types of immune cells (resting dendritic cells, resting mast cells, and M2 macrophages), between the normal and KOA groups. Drug prediction and molecular docking results indicated stable binding of PFKFB4 to estradiol and bisphenol_A, while DDIT4 binds stably to nortriptyline and trimipramine. Finally, cell lines with stable expression of the biomarkers were established by lentiviral infection and resistance screening, Gene expression was significantly elevated in overexpressing cells of PFKFB4 and DDIT4 and reversed the proliferation and migration ability of cells after IL‐1β treatment.ConclusionsTwo diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers associated with aging‐circadian rhythm in KOA were identified. Functional analysis, molecular mechanism exploration, and experimental validation further elucidated their roles in KOA, offering novel perspectives for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
Granulomatous Variant of Giant Centrifugal Miliaria Profunda in an 8‐Month‐Old Boy: Expanding the Dermatologic Phenotype of Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome
Authors: Tolson Hannah C. , Alzahrani Fatmah , Singh Raj , Lorsbach Robert , Grebe Theresa A. , Prakash Supraja , Picarsic Jennifer , Dupuy Elizabeth , Price Harper 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMiliarias are a group of eccrine disorders characterized by sweat retention due to the occlusion of eccrine ducts. Miliaria profunda is the rarest form of miliaria and occurs when eccrine ducts are obstructed at the dermal‐epidermal junction. A granulomatous variant of centrifugal miliaria profunda classic findings of granulomatous infiltrate on histology and centrifugal expansion of deep nodules or plaques. We report a rare case of the granulomatous variant of centrifugal miliaria in an 8‐month‐old boy, with associated cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS) due to a pathogenic MAP2K1 germline variant.
Deposit return schemes of EU Member States and the EU's internal market
Authors: Butler Graham 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeposit return (DR) schemes on drinks containers have long been in place in certain EU Member States. Consumers are charged a deposit per container at the point of purchase, which they can later get back when they return the container after consuming its contents. Whilst such schemes are in the interests of the environment, at least historically before the age of mass‐household recycling, it is debatable whether such schemes can be justified in the modern age, given the obvious problems that DR schemes pose to the EU's internal market as a restriction to cross‐border trade and the free movement of goods. This article analyses DR schemes, accounting for recent developments at the Court of Justice of the European Union, before reflecting on what the future holds for DR schemes as a matter of EU law.
Adequacy as an epistemically just social practice in Spinoza's philosophy
Authors: Toth Oliver 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpinoza is usually understood to be internalist about the representation of adequate ideas and externalist about the representation of inadequate ideas. Existing readings of Spinoza's social epistemology do not challenge this view; they argue that the social context of the mind is an empowering enabling condition for acquiring knowledge. In this article, I argue that Spinoza is an externalist about the representation of both adequate and inadequate ideas: adequate ideas are constituted by the relation between the mind's real essence and real objects. Since the mind's essence is desire, the mind knows its own real essence if it desires its real effects, that is, what follows from the common order of nature. Having an adequate idea is a social practice in two senses. It presupposes taking into account the striving of every other being and to desire only what is compatible with those beings (in this sense, it is also epistemically just). It also amounts to participating in the most collective action that can be joined by every other being, that is, in bringing about the world that can be shared by every being.
A central limit theorem for coefficients of L$L$‐functions in short intervals
Authors: Leung Sun‐Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAssuming the generalized Lindelöf hypothesis (GLH), a weak version of the generalized Ramanujan conjecture and a Rankin–Selberg type partial sum estimate, we establish the normality of the sum of coefficients of a general ‐function in short intervals of appropriate length. The novelty lies in the degree aspect under GLH. In particular, this generalizes the result of Hughes and Rudnick on lattice point counts in thin annuli.
Factors affecting decisions to use antibiotic-sparing treatment approaches in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Di Gangi Stefania , Neuner-Jehle Stefan , Baumann Robin , Plate Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
This scoping review will explore the evidence on factors influencing the decisions to use antibiotic-sparing treatments in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection.

Introduction:
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic-sparing treatments, such as symptomatic treatment with analgesics and delayed prescriptions, have considerable potential to reduce antibiotic consumption, but the majority of patients still receive antibiotics without delay. The reasons for the poor implementation of these alternative approaches are unknown. A better understanding of the factors influencing treatment decisions is needed.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider the experiences and attitudes of health care professionals and women, in outpatient settings in high-income countries, regarding the use of antibiotic-sparing treatments for the diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (ie, healthy women aged 18–64 years who are not pregnant, immunosuppressed, and have no functional or structural urinary tract abnormalities).

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and the Cochrane Library will be searched to identify peer-reviewed articles: original research (quantitative or qualitative studies, experimental or observational), reviews, case reports, and case series. Gray literature will also be searched for. Sources in any language from 2000 to 2024 will be included. Three reviewers will screen the sources and extract data using a tool developed by the reviewers. The analysis will use counts and descriptive qualitative content analysis. The results will be presented in visual, tabular, and narrative formats.

Details of this review project can be found in Open Science Framework:

https://osf.io/t8y5e/
Towards Early Design Modeling and Simulation of Distributed Situation Awareness
Authors: Irshad Lukman , Hulse Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human operators play a major role in maintaining the safety of complex systems. While operator error is a major cause of hazardous events, operators also contribute to resilience by preventing, mitigating, and recovering from hazardous events. A key factor underlying this resilience is situation awareness–the ability of operators to understand their environment and each other to achieve desired system functions. This remains true for fully and partially-autonomous systems, where operational responsibility is shared with designed technical functionality that also relies on situation awareness to conduct operations. Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) theory, which defines situation awareness as a system property, is best suited to represent situation awareness in systems that share situation awareness properties among (human and non-human) agents. This work proposes a framework to computationally simulate DSA to enable the study of operational resilience in complex engineered systems. Specifically, this framework enables the modeling of hazardous scenarios related to DSA in an integrated behavioral simulation. This approach advances existing DSA modeling approaches, which analyze situation awareness-related constructs alone, by enabling the analysis of the dynamic interactions between DSA-related constructs and other system elements (e.g., software glitches, human error, etc.) and their effects on overall system behavior. This framework is demonstrated using an aircraft taxiway example, where taxiing conflicts arising due to lack of vision and poor communications from the air traffic controller are modeled. This demonstration shows the potential of using simulations to understand DSA-related hazards and thus inform the design of resilience.
Mesofluidic Oil-Water Separation
Authors: Bamberger Judith Ann , Pease Leonard F. , Minette Michael J. , Burns Carolyn A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A key problem in industrial environments is the separation of oil-water mixtures. Although phase separation can be relatively fast on small scales or when density differences are large, phase separation becomes increasingly challenging at large scales and when the densities of the involved phases’ densities differ only marginally. For example, gas-liquid separations are often rather fast due to their differences in density at typical conditions. In contrast, oil-water separations, in which the densities differ by less than a factor of three, may require slower throughput rates and much larger equipment. One potential approach to achieve oil-water separation that does not rely on gravitational forces, is mesofluidic separation. This separation technique separates particles by size instead of by density or combinations of density and size.
Building on prior work that showed that mesofluidic separators could separate an oil-water mixture, here we extend that work to an additional oil-water mixture to confirm that density does not change the performance. Testing reported was conducted using two two-component oil-water mixtures, including deformable droplets of micelles, at room temperature. Analysis showed separation of both mineral oils from their oil water mixtures at flowrates from 1–2 L/min and concentrations from 2–10 wt% oil in water. These results confirm that density and viscosity changes do not affect device performance.
Presentation of an Injury Reconstruction Methodology to Assess Impact Severity and Injury Risks in Soccer
Authors: Perkins Richard , Bakhtiarydavijani Amirhamed , Prabhu Raj K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a methodology for evaluating the risk of injury using closed-circuit television (CCTV) and on-sight and landmarks. A significant number of incidents and injuries are caught on CCTV footage. While computational reconstruction of an incident typically requires the use of multiple cameras and markers, we show that landmarks can be used to reconstruct an incident for forensic purposes.
Soccer is a sport played worldwide by athletes of all ages. Despite the reduced contact in soccer when compared to sports such as football, concussive injuries remain a concern throughout the sport. A greater concern exists for the injuries caused by sub-concussive impacts. Injuries caused by soccer ball impacts are not currently well understood, and as such an improved understanding of these injuries is warranted.
Our study shows that single camera surveillance footage can be coupled with computational models to produce values describing the severity and risk of brain injuries. Results of this study are presented through multiple existing kinematic metric and peak stresses and strains throughout the brain parenchyma. These values can be used in combination with future studies to develop injury risk curves representative of impacts causing head trauma in soccer to improve the current understanding of (mild traumatic brain injury) mTBIs.
Assessing Rail Damage in Turns due to Lateral Load Transfer
Authors: Otremba Frank , Romero Navarrete José A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A testing procedure is proposed and used, to estimate the rail damage potentials of variations in both, the height of the cargo’s center of gravity and the railway car suspension’s spring constant. The experimental setup consisted of a tilt table that slowly exerted an increasing lateral acceleration on a two-axle bogie-type vehicle equipped with a spring supported container. The potential damaging effect derived from the resulting lateral load transfer, was assessed on the basis of the fourth-power law. Results suggest that the cargo having a higher center of gravity could be more damaging to the outside rail when compared with the effect of the shorter center of gravity of the cargo, in a range from 0.94% to 3.17%, as a function of the spring constant of the suspension. Consequently, and comparatively, there would be a long-term damaging effect on the rail when having a cargo with a higher center of gravity, so that specific cargo, having a high center of gravity, would be more aggressive to the infrastructure. On the other hand, for the range of time rate changes of the lateral acceleration, it was not found a consistent trend regarding the effect of the value of the spring constant on the magnitude of the load transfers.
Theoretical Framework and Use of CNN Reconstruction With Optimal Sparse Sensor Placement in a Flow Field
Authors: Gomes David , Espírito Santo António , Páscoa José C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work proposes a novel approach that combines an optimal sparse sensor placement algorithm with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to accurately reconstruct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Fluid mechanics is a field with an ever-increasing amount of high-quality data, and machine learning offers new opportunities to extract essential flow features and enable real-time predictions and control.
The key challenge addressed herein is to determine the optimal placement of a minimal number of sensors to capture the complexity of fluid flows while enabling fast CNN-based reconstruction. The proposed methodology was applied to a lid-driven cavity flow dataset comprising 100 steady laminar simulations of the vertical velocity component. The sparse sensor placement algorithm was used to determine the optimal sensor positions, which were then used to transform the original CFD dataset to feed into the CNN.
The results demonstrate the approach’s effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 95.50% using only 1000 sensors out of a possible set of 16384 and a single Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) mode. This work has the potential to significantly reduce the computational burden associated with CFD simulations within Digital Twins, enabling real-time predictions and control for various fluid flow applications.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Investigation of Material Transport Through the Virtual Impactor in Aerosol Jet Printing
Authors: Sareen Akashita , Hill Curtis W. , Salary Roozbeh “Ross” 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a direct-write additive manufacturing technique used to fabricate electronics, such as sensors, capacitors, and optoelectronic devices. It has gained significant attention in being able to utilize aerodynamic principles to deposit conductive inks (such as silver nanoparticle-based inks) onto rigid and flexible substrates. The aerosol jet printing system consists of three main components to execute the printing process: (i) the pneumatic atomizer, (ii) the virtual impactor, and (iii) the deposition head. The virtual impactor (VI) lies between the pneumatic atomizer and the deposition head, accepting the accelerated flow of differently sized aerosol particles from the pneumatic atomizer, while acting as an “aerodynamic separator.” With the challenges associated with the efficiency as well as resulting quality of the AJP process, the virtual impactor presents a unique opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the component itself, aerosol particle flow behavior, and how it contributes to overall printing inefficiencies, poor repeatability, and resulting print quality. Broadly, this effort enables the expedited adoption of AJP in the electronics industry and beyond at large scales. The challenges mentioned are addressed in this work by conducting a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of the virtual impactor to visualize fluid transportation and deposition under specific conditions.
The objective of this study is to observe and characterize a single-phase, compressible, turbulent flow through the virtual impactor in AJP. The virtual impactor geometry is modeled in the ANSYS-Fluent environment based on the design by Optomec. The virtual impactor is assembled using a housing, collector, jet, stem, O-rings and a retaining nut. Subsequently, a mesh structure is generated to discretize the flow domain. In addition, material properties, boundary conditions, and the relevant governing equations (based on the Navier-Stokes equations) are utilized to, ultimately, generate an accurate steady-state solution. The fluid flow is examined with respect to mass flow rates set at boundary conditions. The aerosol particles’ interactions with the inner walls of the virtual impactor are observed. Particularly, an insight into the characteristics of aerosol particles entering the virtual impactor and their transition into a smoother flow before entering the deposition head is gained. Furthermore, the analysis provides an opportunity to observe fluid flow separation based on the design of the virtual impactor, one of its main functions in the AJP process. This exposes probable causes for inaccurate print quality, flow blockages, inconsistent outputs, process instability, and other material transport inefficiencies. Overall, this research work lays the foundation for improvements in the knowledge and performance of aerosol jet printing’s virtual impactor toward optimal fabrication of printed electronics.
Shockwave Discharge Caused by a High-Pressure Tube Failure
Authors: Molki Majid , Rhisat Fahad Nizam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study uses computational methods to focus on the behavior of an air shockwave that occurs when a high-pressure tube ruptures. The pressure ratio in this scenario is 50, and the environment pressure is 0.1 MPa. The research reveals that the flow behavior of the shockwave is complex and two-dimensional, with significant variations in all directions. As the shockwave expands spherically, it weakens due to wave interaction with the environment. Expansion waves also accompany the shockwave, cooling the gas and leading to higher Mach numbers despite moderate velocities. The study identifies the formation of vortices near the tube exit, indicating complex flow behavior. Rapid changes in Mach number, temperature, speed, and pressure occur near the tube exit due to the expansion wave interaction. The study provides valuable insights into shockwaves’ behavior and expansion waves resulting from a ruptured high-pressure tube. These findings can help develop effective prevention and mitigation strategies for potential disasters involving high-pressure gas releases. The benefits of this work extend to professionals in the gas and oil industry, industrial safety, and disaster management.
Mechanical Metamaterials Toolkit: A Framework for Impact Assessment Before Investment
Authors: Angilella Alexander , Corrado Casey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials, and their unique properties, are often touted as having the potential to greatly impact a variety of the biggest challenges of today, with applications ranging from acoustic control to advanced thermal management. However, no formalized evaluation framework currently exists to determine the effectiveness of a mechanical metamaterial for a specific use case. Given the development time and cost of implementing a new solution, there is a need to establish a process to help ensure project success. This work provides an overview of a systems engineering framework, a ‘Mechanical Metamaterials Toolkit’, that can be used to evaluate mechanical metamaterial effectiveness for a given application on a ten-year timeline. Example assessments are provided for several different scenarios to showcase how this toolkit can be used as part of the larger development process. This framework intends to compress the multitude of considerations of a potential path forward into an easy-to-communicate shorthand in service of future integration of mechanical metamaterials.