bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidates for extraocular photoreceptors in the cockroach suggest homology to the lamina and lobula organs in beetles
Authors: Fleissner Ge , Loesel R. , Fleissner Gü , Waterkamp M. , Kleiner O. , Batschauer A. , Homberg U. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing light‐ and electron microscopic methods, we describe two novel putative extraocular photoreceptor organs in the optic lobes of the cockroaches Leucophaea maderae and Blaberus craniifer. The lamina organ is an elongated structure distal to the first optic chiasm, adjacent to the anterior edge of the lamina. The lobula organ is situated on the anterior distal surface of the lobula. In cross sections through the pigment‐free organs, cell bodies are arranged in a closed or open circle and are interconnected by desmosomes. They send protrusions with rhabdom‐like microvilli into a common, central space apparently filled with extracellular matrix. A different cell type gives rise to electron‐dense lamellae, which also extend into the central space and partly join to form a common lamellar bundle. Axonal processes extend from the microvillar cells and run along the outer surface of the organs to the neighboring optic neuropils. The organs receive multiple efferent innervation from neurosecretory axons. Both organs show strong immunostaining with an antiserum against Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 that is associated with the lamellated structure in the central lumen. The specific features of the organs suggest that they are homologous to similar organs in the optic lobe of beetles and may serve a role as extraocular photoreceptors for light entrainment of the circadian system. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:401–414, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of hue, saturation, and brightness on preference
Authors: Camgöz Nilgün , Yener Cengiz , Güvenç Dilek 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study was done to investigate preference responses for foreground–background color relationships. To do this, 123 university undergraduates in Ankara, Turkey, were asked to view eight background colors selected from HSB color space on which color squares of differing hues, saturations, and brightnesses were presented. Subjects were asked to show the color square they preferred on the presented background color. Findings showed that colors having maximum saturation and brightness were most preferred. Blue was the most preferred hue regardless of background. The findings for preferences for foreground–background color relationships are also included in this article. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 199–207, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10051
Thyroid spindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation (SETTLE): Is cytopathological diagnosis possible?
Authors: Kloboves‐Prevodnik Veronika , Jazbec Janez , Us‐Krašovec Marija , Lamovec Janez 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation (SETTLE) is a rare tumor of the thyroid gland which occurs predominantly in children, adolescents, and young adults. It usually presents as a painless neck or thyroid mass and only exceptionally as a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland, without metastatic disease at diagnosis. We report on the case of 12‐yr‐old girl who had diffusely enlarged thyroid gland for about 1 yr and was initially treated for thyroiditis. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed 8 mo after the first admission. Cytological examination of smears showed unusual morphological features. FNAB smears were cellular, with dissociated cells, naked oval nuclei, aggregates, and groups. Three main cell types were observed: spindle, epithelioid, and epithelial. These cells were uniform, cytologically bland, with few mitotic figures. The distinction between these cells was not always unequivocal. In the background of the smears abundant red extracellular material in the form of fine, dust‐like granules and irregular patches were present. It was also observed in some aggregates and groups of tumor cells. Spindle and epithelioid cells were immunocytochemically diffusely pan‐cytokeratin‐positive. In the differential diagnosis, medullary thyroid carcinoma and SETTLE were suggested. The final histological diagnosis was SETTLE. In cases of SETTLE presented as a diffuse thyromegaly the correct diagnosis may be delayed because clinically and ultrasonographically thyroiditis is suspected. To avoid such a delay, FNAB should be used preoperatively. It can provide specific cytological diagnosis based on morphological features and certain immunocytochemical characteristics of the tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:314–319. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The sleep of co‐sleeping infants when they are not co‐sleeping: Evidence that co‐sleeping is stressful
Authors: Hunsley Melissa , Thoman Evelyn B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCo‐sleeping proponents consider the practice to be “natural” and a potential protection against sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); others consider the practice of an infant sleeping in the parents' bed for prolonged periods at night to place an infant at risk for harm or death. For this study, co‐sleeping was investigated from a different perspective, that is, as a significant early experience to investigate as it may have implications for the infant's development. The sleep of 101 normal, full‐term infants was recorded nonintrusively in the home for 24 hr periods when they were 5 weeks and 6 months old. Infants were assigned to three groups: short‐term co‐sleepers, long‐term co‐sleepers, and non‐co‐sleepers. Their sleep states and wakefulness were compared at the two ages and over age. At 5 weeks and 6 months, the long‐term co‐sleeping infants differed significantly from the non‐co‐sleepers on a number of measures: At 5 weeks, they showed more quiet sleep and longer bouts of quiet sleep; and at 6 months, they also showed less active sleep, fewer arousals in active sleep, and less wakefulness. Each of these differences indicates a markedly lower arousal level in the long‐term co‐sleeping infants. This sleep pattern has been repeatedly found to be an indicator of stress. We infer that a major source of stress for these infants is the experience of sleep disturbance documented for infants when they were co‐sleeping. Based on extensive evidence for long‐term effects of early stress, we conclude that co‐sleeping should have significant implications for infants' neurobehavioral development. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 14–22, 2002
An ethological analysis of human infant crying: Answering Tinbergen's four questions
Authors: Zeifman Debra M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe proximate causes, survival value, ontogeny, and evolutionary history of human infant crying are examined. Experiments and field observations involving infant distress vocalizations and begging calls in avian, mammalian, and nonhuman primate species are considered, as are ethnographic records of infant care and responses to crying in nonindustrialized societies. It is argued that human infant crying evolved as a primarily acoustic, graded signal, that it is a fairly reliable, if imperfect, indicator of need for parental care and that its primary function is to promote parental caregiving. Selection pressures that may have shaped the evolution of crying and its potential for corruption through dishonesty also are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 265–285, 2001
Reaching those most in need: a review of diabetes self‐management interventions in disadvantaged populations
Authors: Eakin Elizabeth G. , Bull Sheana S. , Glasgow Russell E. , Mason Mondi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere has been increased recognition of the importance of developing diabetes self‐management education (DSME) interventions that are effective with under‐served and minority populations. Despite several recent studies in this area, there is to our knowledge no systematic review or synthesis of what has been learned from this research. An electronic literature search identified five formative evaluations and ten controlled DSME intervention trials focused on under‐served (low‐income, minority or aged) populations. The RE‐AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) evaluation framework was used to evaluate the controlled studies on the dimensions of reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Fifty percent of the studies identified reported on the percentage of patients who participated, and the percentages were highly variable. The methodological quality of the articles was generally good and the short‐term results were encouraging, especially on behavioral outcomes. Data on adoption (representativeness of settings and clinicians who participate) and implementation were almost never reported. Studies of modalities in addition to group meetings are needed to increase the reach of DSME with under‐served populations. The promising formative evaluation work that has been conducted needs to be extended for more systematic study of the process of intervention implementation and adaptation with special populations. Studies that explicitly address the community context and that address multiple issues related to public health impact of DSME interventions are recommended to enhance long‐term results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of nodal signaling targets by array analysis of induced complex probes
Authors: Dickmeis Thomas , Aanstad Pia , Clark Matthew , Fischer Nadine , Herwig Ralf , Mourrain Philippe , Blader Patrick , Rosa Frédéric , Lehrach Hans , Strähle Uwe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNodal signaling controls germ layer formation, left‐right asymmetry, and patterning of the brain in the vertebrate embryo. Cellular responses to Nodal signals are complex and include changes in gene expression, cell morphology, and migratory behavior. Only little is known about the genes regulated by Nodal signaling. We designed a subtractive screening strategy by using a constitutively active Nodal receptor to identify putative target genes of Nodal signals in the early gastrula of zebrafish embryos. By quantitative analysis of macro‐array hybridizations, 132 genes corresponding to 1.4% of genes on the entire macro‐array were identified, which were enriched in the Nodal‐induced probe pool. These genes encode components of signal transduction pathways, transcription regulators, proteins involved in protein metabolism but also cytoskeletal components and metabolic enzymes, suggesting dramatic changes of cell physiology in gastrula cells in response to Nodal signals. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the relationship between timing of menarche and eating disorder symptoms in black and white adolescent girls
Authors: Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , McMahon Robert P. , Biro Frank M. , Schreiber George , Crawford Patricia B. , Voorhees Carolyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between timing of sexual maturation and eating disorders symptoms in adolescent girls.MethodData were collected over 10 years for a cohort of 1,213 Black girls and 1,166 White girls who were either 9 or 10 years old at study entry. Annually, girls' height and weight were measured and, biannually, girls completed self‐report measures of eating disorders symptoms.ResultsEarly‐onset menarche is a risk factor for the development of body image and dieting concerns, but the effect of timing is due to the impact of early and late maturation on body weight.DiscussionFindings underscore the importance of adiposity as a risk factor for poor mental health. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 421–433, 2001.
Improved dynamic correction method in seismic analysis of both classically and non‐classically damped structures
Authors: D'Aveni Antonino , Muscolino Giuseppe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA step‐by‐step approximate procedure taking into consideration high‐frequency modes, usually neglected in the modal analysis of both classically and non‐classically damped structures, is presented. This procedure can be considered as an extension of traditional modal correction methods, like the mode‐acceleration method and the dynamic correction method, which are very effective for structural systems subjected to forcing functions described by analytical laws. The proposed procedure, herein called improved dynamic correction method, requires two steps. In the first step, the number of differential equations of motion are reduced and consequently solved by using the first few undamped mode‐shapes. In the second step, the errors due to modal truncation are reduced by correcting the dynamic response and solving a new set of differential equations, formally similar to the original differential equations of motion. The difference between the two groups of differential equations lies in the forcing vector, which is evaluated in such a way as to correct the effects of modal truncation on applied loads. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of mouse brain oligodendrocytes and their precursors, astrocytes and microglia, to proinflammatory mediators circulating in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Kong Guo‐Ying , Kristensson Krister , Bentivoglio Marina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe response of glial cells to the acute intracerebroventricular administration of interferon‐γ, and of this cytokine combined with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide or with tumor necrosis factor‐α, was investigated in the brain of adult mice over a time course of 1 week. Oligodendrocytes were identified by immunocytochemistry, using O4 to label their precursors and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase as marker of mature cells. Astrocytes were labeled by glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity and microglial cells by tomato lectin histochemistry. Compared with ovalbumin‐injected control cases, all cytokine treatments caused a marked decrease of immunostained mature oligodendrocytes in the brain since 1 day postinjection. O4+ oligodendrocyte precursors increased instead progressively from 2 to 7 days. Astrocytes, markedly activated by cytokine treatments, also exhibited a progressive quantitative increase from 2 days onward. Activation and proliferation of microglial cells were instead most evident at 24 h postinjection. Such glial responses to interferon‐γ injections were especially marked in the periventricular brain parenchyma and were enhanced by coadministration of lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor‐α. The findings show that a pulse of proinflammatory mediators in the cerebrospinal fluid affects mature oligodendrocytes, concomitantly with the early appearance of activated microglia, and that such reactions are rapidly followed by an increase of oligodendrocyte precursors paralleled by astrocytic activation. The data, which allowed dissecting the events elicited in glial cell populations by inflammatory mediators via the cerebrospinal fluid, indicate that these molecules elicit in vivo a toxic effect on mature oligodendrocytes and a stimulation of their precursors in the adult brain. GLIA 37:191–205, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation of choroid plexus ependymal cells into astrocytes after grafting into the pre‐lesioned spinal cord in mice
Authors: Kitada Masaaki , Chakrabortty Shushovan , Matsumoto Naoya , Taketomi Masanori , Ide Chizuka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChoroid plexus epithelial cells represent a continuation of, and have the same origin as, ventricular ependymal cells, and are regarded as modified ependymal cells. To extend previous studies of the use of choroid plexus ependymal cell (CPEC) grafting for nerve regeneration in the spinal cord, we investigated the capacity of cultured choroid plexus ependymal cells to differentiate into other types of glial cells in the spinal cord tissue. The choroid plexuses were excised from the fourth ventricle of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐transgenic mice and the cells were dissociated and cultured for 4–6 weeks. CPECs were harvested from the monolayer cultures and injected into the pre‐lesioned spinal cords of wild‐type mice of the same strain using a Hamilton syringe. One week after injection, some GFP‐positive transplanted cells became immunohistochemically positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) but negative for neurofilament and myelin basic protein. All the GFAP‐positive transplanted cells were negative for vimentin. Two weeks after grafting, immunoelectron microscopy showed that the GFP‐positive transplanted cells that had gained GFAP immunoreactivity contained numerous bundles of intermediate filaments, a morphological characteristic similar to that of astrocytes, and were in close contact with adjacent host tissue. These results indicate that, when grafted into the spinal cord, at least some cultured choroid plexus ependymal cells have the capacity to differentiate into astrocytes. GLIA 36:364–374, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lie detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lee Tatia M.C. , Liu Ho‐Ling , Tan Li‐Hai , Chan Chetwyn C.H. , Mahankali Srikanth , Feng Ching‐Mei , Hou Jinwen , Fox Peter T. , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe accurate detection of deception or lying is a challenge to experts in many scientific disciplines. To investigate if specific cerebral activation characterized feigned memory impairment, six healthy male volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a block‐design paradigm while they performed forced‐choice memory tasks involving both simulated malingering and under normal control conditions. Malingering that demonstrated the existence and involvement of a prefrontal‐parietal‐sub‐cortical circuit with feigned memory impairment produced distinct patterns of neural activation. Because astute liars feign memory impairment successfully in testing once they understand the design of the measure being employed, our study represents an extremely significant preliminary step towards the development of valid and sensitive methods for the detection of deception. Hum. Brain Mapping 15:157–164, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baseline conditions and subtractive logic in neuroimaging
Authors: Newman Sharlene D. , Twieg Donald B. , Carpenter Patricia A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiscrepancies in the patterns of cortical activation across studies may be attributable, in part, to differences in baseline tasks, and hence, reflect the limits of the subtractive logic underlying much of neuroimaging. To assess the extent of these effects, three of the most commonly used baseline conditions (rest, tone monitoring, and passive listening) were compared using phoneme discrimination as the experimental task. Eight participants were studied in a fMRI study with a 4.1 T system. The three baseline conditions systematically affected the amount of activation observed in the identical phoneme task with major affects in Broca's area, the left posterior superior temporal gyrus, and the left and right inferior parietal regions. Two central findings were: 1) a differential effect of baseline within each region, with the rest baseline condition producing the greatest amount of activation and the passive listening condition producing the least, and 2) systematic baseline task activation in the inferior parietal regions. These results emphasize the relativity of activation patterns observed in functional neuroimaging, and the necessity to specify the baseline processes in context to the experimental task processes. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:228–235, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated juvenile xanthogranuloma of the subglottis: Case report
Authors: Thevasagayam Mahilravi S. , Ghosh Sudip , O'Neill D. , Panarese A. , Bull Peter D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile xanthogranulomatosis (JXG) is a relatively rare macrophage proliferative disorder. It usually presents as a localized cutaneous lesion but may affect other organs. Until now it has never been described in the subglottic region of the larynx.MethodsWe report the first case of juvenile xanthogranulomatosis (JXG) in the subglottis in a 3 year old child.ResultsThe localization in the subglottis caused airway obstruction requiring tracheostomy to secure the airway. On the basis that most cutaneous lesions regress spontaneously the lesion was managed expectantly and regressed over a period of 28 months allowing decannulation of the child.ConclusionJXG should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subglottic lesions. Once the airway has been secured, JXG of the subglottis can be managed conservatively. Long‐term follow‐up is required because of the possibility of relapse at other sites. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 426–429, 2001.
Proliferative capacity in head and neck cancer
Authors: Struikmans Henk , Kal Henk B. , Hordijk Gert J. , van der Tweel Ingeborg 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundShortening of overall treatment time (accelerated radiotherapy) appears to result in an increase of the efficacy of irradiation. In this study, we compared the proliferative capacity between tumors originating in different sites of the head and neck region. Tumors with a large proliferating capacity might, theoretically, benefit most from accelerated radiotherapy.Material and MethodsBrdUrd was administered intravenously in patients with head and neck carcinomas. Tumor samples were analyzed with flow cytometry. T and N stages were assessed in accordance with the TNM classification system (UICC 1987).ResultsNo significant differences in proliferation parameters were observed with respect to site of origin of head and neck tumors. For T3/T4 tumors, DNA ploidy is an important tumor characteristic: G1‐ and S‐phase fractions, labeling index, and tumor doubling time Tpot differences were statistically significant; the aneuploid tumors showed the largest proliferative potential.Conclusions(1) In general, no significant differences in proliferation parameters were observed with respect to site of origin. (2) Aneuploid head and neck tumors have a higher proliferative capacity than diploid ones, they might benefit most from accelerated irradiation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 484–491, 2001
Role of long‐term synaptic modification in short‐term memory
Authors: Kesner Raymond P. , Rolls Edmund T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne way that some types of short‐term or working memory may be implemented in the brain is by using autoassociation networks that recirculate information to maintain the firing of a subset of neurons in what is termed an attractor state. We describe how long‐term synaptic modification is necessary to set up the appropriate stable attractors, each one of which corresponds to a memory of a particular item. Once the synapses have been modified, any of the short‐term memory states may be triggered by an appropriate input which starts the neurons firing in one of the attractors, and then the firing is maintained in that attractor by the already modified synapses, with no further synaptic modification necessary. This analysis leads to the prediction that if this type of implementation is used for working memory, then long‐term synaptic modification may be necessary only during an acquisition phase of a task, and once the task has been acquired, the performance of the working memory task should be unimpaired if no further synaptic modification is allowed. We show that a considerable body of research findings on the effects of agents that block synaptic modification on working memory tasks can be understood in this way. Many of the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that blocking synaptic modification in the hippocampus impairs the acquisition, but not the later performance, of hippocampal‐dependent working memory tasks. Hippocampus 2001;11:240–250. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.