bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of movement distance in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pfann Kerstin D. , Buchman Aron S. , Comella Cynthia L. , Corcos Daniel M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudies of electromyographic (EMG) patterns during movements in Parkinson's disease (PD) have often yielded contradictory results, making it impossible to derive a set of rules to explain how muscles are activated to perform different movement tasks. We sought to clarify the changes in modulation of EMG parameters associated with control of movement distance during fast movements in patients with PD. Specifically, we studied surface EMG activity during rapid elbow flexion movements over a wide range of distances (5–72 degrees) in 14 patients with relatively mild symptoms of PD and 14 control subjects of similar age, sex, height, and weight. The PD group exhibited several changes in EMG modulation including impaired modulation of agonist burst duration; increased number of agonist bursts; reduced scaling of agonist EMG magnitude in the more severely impaired subjects; and increased temporal overlap of the antagonist and agonist signals in the most severely impaired subjects. These findings suggest that progressive motor dysfunction in PD is accompanied by increasing deficits in modulating muscle activation. These results help clarify previous disparate and sometimes contradictory results of EMG patterns in subjects with PD. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
A novel microstrip patch antenna for 3G IMT‐2000 mobile handsets
Authors: Wang Ya Jun , Lee Ching Kwang , Karmakar Nemai Chandra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 3G IMT‐2000 is intended to be a global standard offering higher bit‐rate service comparable to current wireline services. This paper investigates a novel internal square patch antenna for the application of the 3G IMT‐2000 mobile handsets. By introducing a single shorting pin and a thin rectangular slot perforated in a square patch of 34 mm×34 mm, this probe‐fed antenna will realize an impedance bandwidth (return loss <−10 dB) of 25.6% with dual‐frequency operation, which thoroughly covers the 3G IMT‐2000 frequency spectra from 1885 to 2200 MHz. The antenna design and its typical characteristics, such as the impedance behavior and the far‐field radiation patterns, are presented and analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 488–491, 2001.
Characteristics of microstrip line on YIG–GGG substrate under arbitrary orientation of magnetization
Authors: Subbiah Shanthi , Alphones Arokiaswami , Leong Tan Eng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe propagation characteristics of a microstrip line printed on a YIG/GGG film are analyzed by the spectral‐domain approach for arbitrary orientation of the bias magnetic field. The nonreciprocal property of the YIG film is explored by studying the characteristics of the forward and backward wave. The change in differential phase shift with frequency obtained due to arbitrary orientation of the bias magnetic field finds application in microwave signal processing. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 29–35, 2002.
Analysis of high‐power EDFA operating in saturated regime at λ=1530 nm and its performance evaluation in DWDM systems
Authors: Ravikanth J. , Shah D. D. , Vijaya R. , Singh Bhanu P. , Shevgaonkar R. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the numerical analysis of an EDFA operating in the saturation regime. Erbium‐doped silica fibers with higher numerical aperture and erbium ion concentration can yield high output signal powers. The study of multichannel signal amplification in a high‐power EDFA shows that the gain excursion in a particular channel lies within 0.5 dB as long as the number of channels dropped does not exceed a certain limit. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 64–70, 2002.
Theoretical and experimental study of compensated bridges in coplanar technology: Flexibility of the compensation method
Authors: Rius E. , Coupez J. Ph. , Toutain S. , Person C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a systematic study of compensated bridges in coplanar technology. If bridges are necessary for filtering the parasitic coupled slot‐line mode excited by coplanar discontinuities, they modify the electrical characteristics associated with the fundamental even mode. Based on a low‐pass filter approach, a very simple technique is used to compensate for this parasitic effect. Here, emphasis is placed on the flexibility of this compensation technique, which allows us to reduce the technological constraints. Several solutions based on this approach are presented in the case of transmission lines, discontinuities such as tee junctions, and classical distributed bandpass filters. This study is valid for air bridges in classical coplanar technology, as well as for integrated dielectric bridges in multilayer coplanar technology. The concepts developed in this paper are illustrated theoretically and experimentally on multilayer devices over the 1–50 GHz frequency band. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 402–408, 2002.
Magneto‐mechanical tuning of fiber Bragg grating filter
Authors: Chan C. C. , Gong J. M. , Shi C. Z. , Hoo Y. L. , Zhang M. , Jin W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of a linear magnetic actuator for the tuning of a fiber Bragg grating filter is demonstrated. Experimental results show that the tuning repeatability is better than 1.4% within a 2‐nm tuning range. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33, 73–74, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10238
Integrated antenna for LINC systems
Authors: Gao Shi‐Chang , Gardner Peter , Chiw Ser. Tar. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis letter presents a novel concept of integrated antenna for LINC (linear amplification with nonlinear components) systems. In this approach, the power combiner involved in the conventional LINC system is removed, and the power combination is realized within a microstrip antenna. This is a significant advance on current LINC systems, where the circuit‐level power combiner losses degrade overall efficiency. The configuration of the integrated antenna is described and an example antenna is designed at 2.0 GHz. The simulated results based on moment method which validate the concept, are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 93–95, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10240
Novel technique for long period gratings fabrication using broad spectrum ultraviolet source
Authors: Li Xuhui , Yue Chaoyu , Xia Li , Chen Xiangfei , Xie Shizhong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel technique using broad spectrum UV light source and amplitude mask to write LPGs is presented. Based on this technique, writing LPGs becomes simple, flexible, and multiple fiber gratings could be written at same time. It can be used by industry to manufacture LPGs in large volume with very low cost. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 368–370, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10324
Coupling through a flanged coaxial line array
Authors: Park Yong B. , Eom Hyo J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoupling through a flanged coaxial line array is investigated. The Hankel transform and superposition principle are used to obtain the coupling parameters. The mutual coupling expression is shown to be identical with other results based on the Green's‐function approach. Computation and experiment are performed to illustrate the coupling behavior. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 467–470, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10353
A new microstrip frequency‐selective surface
Authors: Sarkar P. P. , Bhattacharjee R. , Das S. , Sarkar S. , Chowdhury S. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe frequency‐selective property of a concentric ring microstrip patch with a circular patch at its center has been investigated experimentally. Measured data indicate a 16 dB dip in the normalized transmitted electric field versus frequency plotted at a particular frequency. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 167–168, 2001.
FDTD analysis of a new transition from coplanar waveguide to rectangular waveguide
Authors: Dib Nihad , Omar Amjad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rectangular waveguide fed by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) is investigated using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. A patch is used to couple energy to the rectangular waveguide (RW) by placing the waveguide opening around the patch. The coupling from the GCPW to the patch is accomplished via an open end. For a 10 dB return loss, a relative bandwidth of 14% is obtained for a GCPW‐to‐RW transition. A back‐to‐back GCPW‐to‐RW transition is analyzed, and is found to have good insertion‐loss characteristics, which verifies that power is indeed coupled to the waveguide. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 199–201, 2001.
The influence of the bumping height on the performance of flip‐chipped CPW Lange couplers
Authors: Carchon G. , Nauwelaers B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe influence of the bumping height on the performance of flip‐chipped CPW Lange couplers is investigated. The coupler design method is done by measurements of a coupler integrated in a multilayer thin‐film MCM‐D. The reasons for the detuning are identified, and solutions to easily predistort the design or reduce the detuning effect are given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 263–267, 2001.
Implementing OSMEI on 3‐D arbitrary conducting objects
Authors: Liu Yaowu , Liu Wanming , Mei K. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA sparse technique for the dense matrix of the method of moments (MoM) is implemented to the electromagnetic scattering of a 3‐D arbitrary conducting object for the first time. The numerical examples for the plane‐wave scattering of a conducting sphere with 0.2 and 0.4λ show that the surface current densities of OSMEI and MoM agree well. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 273–276, 2001.
Improvement of the hybrid moment method–physical optics method through a novel evaluation of the physical optics operator
Authors: Taboada J. M. , Obelleiro F. , Rodríguez J. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an alternative procedure for the evaluation of the physical optics (PO) contribution into a hybrid moment method–physical optics (MM–PO) code. The proposed formulation includes a linear interpolation of the phase over large triangular subdomains for the PO regions, where the radiated field can be analytically determined. This allows a drastic reduction of the computational cost, while maintaining or even improving the degree of accuracy. In this way, the scope of application of the MM–PO hybrid code is enhanced to larger problems in terms of wavelength. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 357–363, 2001.
Permittivity profile inversion of a one‐dimensional medium using the fractional linear transformation and the phase compensation constant
Authors: Song Choongho , Lee Sangseol 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel reconstruction method of a one‐dimensional medium from information contained in the frequency‐domain reflection coefficient is considered. An approximate formula produced by applying a fractional linear transformation (FLT) to the nonlinear Riccati differential equation is used. The phase compensation constant (PCC) is introduced in order to reduce the phase error of the reconstructed permittivity profile of a discontinuous medium. Finally, the effective error reduction in the reconstructed profiles is shown by examples, which demonstrate the validity of this method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 10–13, 2001.
De‐embedding PCB fixtures for package characterization
Authors: Wartenberg Scott A. , Grajek Phillip 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDevice characterization hinges on precise measurements of the device under test (DUT). When it cannot be probed directly, mount the package to a PCB fixture. While this makes measurement easy, separating the effects of the DUT from the PCB carrier can be difficult. This paper illustrates a method of de‐embedding the packageS‐parameters from those of the PCB. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 111–112, 2001.
Analysis of handwriting of children during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Reinders‐Messelink H.A. , Schoemaker M.M. , Snijders T.A.B. , Göeken L.N.H. , Bökkerink J.P.M. , Kamps W.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundChildren treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) often complain about handwriting problems.ProcedureUsing a computerized writing task, we have prospectively studied the processes necessary for the production of handwriting movements in 11 children (5–12 years old) during treatment for ALL. Children were tested at time points closely related to the vincristine administration.Results and ConclusionsChildren treated for ALL drew slower, with longer pause durations and increased drawing pressure. Children were able to overcome the problems, except for a consistently increased drawing pressure. This increased drawing pressure may be an attempt of the children to obtain sufficient kinesthetic information and thus can be seen as an adequate adaptation mechanism in case of peripheral neuropathy due to the neurotoxic effects of vincristine. However, neurotoxic effects of other cytostatic drugs cannot be excluded. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:393–399. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cysteine, glutathione, and percoll treatments improve porcine oocyte maturation and fertilization in vitro*
Authors: Jeong Byeong‐Seon , Yang Xiangzhong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral factors have been examined to improve in vitro fertilization and development of porcine oocytes. Cysteine is known to be beneficial for oocyte maturation and male pronuclear formation in pigs and glutathione is known to help prevent membrane disruption of sperm in other species, including human. It has also been reported that the presence of cumulus cells influences the outcome of in vitro fertilization in cattle. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of several factors involved in porcine in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) procedures on oocyte embryogenic competence. The following factors were examined: the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.285, 0.57, 1.14, 2.28 µM) and exposure duration (22 and 44 hr) of cysteine during IVM, glutathione inclusion and of cumulus presence during IVF, and the use of gradient Percoll (45%/90%) during sperm preparation. The presence of cysteine in maturation medium improved blastocyst development significantly regardless of the duration of exposure when compared to the control (11–16% vs. 4%, P < 0.01). However, no dose‐responsive effect was observed at the concentrations tested. The use of gradient Percoll during sperm preparation significantly improved cleavage (85% vs. 57%, P < 0.01) and blastocyst development (24% vs. 6%, P < 0.01) over conventional sperm preparation. Significant improvement was also achieved by the addition of glutathione to Percoll gradient (30% vs. 20%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, cysteine and glutathione as well as Percoll and cumulus were beneficial to embryogenic competence of porcine oocytes in this study. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:330–335, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist affects rat ovarian follicle development by interfering with FSH and growth factors on the prevention of apoptosis
Authors: Parborell F. , Dain L. , Tesone M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApoptosis is the biological process by which follicular cells are eliminated in atretic follicles. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vitro effect of a GnRH‐a (leuprolide acetate, LA) and its interactions with FSH, dibutyryl cAMP, and growth factors (IGF‐I, EGF, and FGF) on follicular apoptosis in early antral ovarian follicles obtained from prepubertal DES‐ treated rats. Follicles cultured 24 hr in the absence of hormones showed spontaneous onset of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The presence of FSH suppressed the spontaneous onset of apoptotic DNA fragmentation (75–85%). Quantitative estimation of DNA cleavage from ovarian follicles revealed no significant changes in DNA fragmentation after in vitro LA treatment (1–100 ng/ml). However, coincubation with LA interfered partially with the effects of FSH on apoptosis suppression. This apoptosis suppression was also obtained by treatment with dibutyryl cAMP (80%), and was partially prevented by the presence of LA in the cultures. Follicles were cultured 24 hr with FGF, EGF, or IGF‐I, and these factors suppressed DNA fragmentation (70, 60, and 70% respectively), while the presence of LA (100 ng/ml) in the culture medium prevented this effect. In conclusion, we show that the rescue from apoptotic DNA fragmentation produced in early antral follicles by FSH, cAMP, and growth factors, is prevented by coincubation with LA. This GnRH analog would thus interfere in the pathway of FSH, cAMP and/or growth factors by an as yet unknown mechanism. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 241–247, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in bovine embryos and cryotolerance of embryos developed in different culture systems using serum‐free or serum‐containing media
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki , Yamashita Shoko , Satoh Takeshi , Hoshi Hiroyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the quantitative fluctuation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD) and cryotolerance were investigated in bovine embryos derived from in vitro‐matured (IVM) and in vitro‐fertilized (IVF) oocytes developed in different culture systems using serum‐free or serum‐containing media. The serum‐free cultures were grown using IVMD101 medium in conjunction with bovine cumulus/granulosa cell (BCGC) cocultures or IVD101 medium without BCGC cocultures, and the serum‐containing cultures were grown in the presence of BCGC cocultures using HPM199 medium supplemented with 5% calf serum (HPM199 + CS). Large numbers of sudanophilic LD were present in the cytoplasm of bovine embryos from 2‐cell to hatched blastocyst stages, and the number and size differed between the embryos cultured in serum‐free and serum‐supplemented media. In the embryos cultured in HPM199 + CS, large (2–6 μm in diameter) sudanophilic LD increased significantly from the morula to the blastocyst stages. Throughout the embryonic development, the embryos developed in serum‐free cultures with and without BCGC cocultures had numerous sudanophilic LD, but most of these droplets were small (<2 μm in diameter) and large LD were less numerous than those embryos cultured in HPM199 + CS. Giant LD (>6 μm in diameter) were frequently observed in morulae and blastocysts (including early blastocysts) developed in HPM199 + CS. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that large LD were abundant in the cytoplasm of trophoblast and embryonic (inner cell mass) cells of blastocysts cultured in HPM199 + CS. These large LD were identified as osmophilic LD, an indication that these lipid inclusions contained a significant proportion of unsaturated lipids. Many elongated mitochondria were found in embryos developed in IVMD101 and IVD101 at the morula and early blastocyst stages, whereas many of the mitochondria in the morulae developed in HPM199 + CS were of an immature form such as spherical or ovoid shape. The survival and hatching rates of embryos (morulae, early blastocysts, and blastocysts) produced in serum‐free media (both IVMD101 and IVD101) after post‐thaw culture were superior to those of embryos produced in serum‐containing medium. These results showed that bovine embryos cultured in serum‐containing medium abnormally accumulated cytoplasmic lipids into their cytoplasm and the excess accumulation of cytoplasmic LD in embryos may affect the cryotolerance of embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 57–66, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprogressive disease of post‐infectious origin: A review of a resurging subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Authors: Dyken Paul Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSubacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive, essentially untreatable, disease of the nervous system. When first described in the 20th Century, it was characterized more for its neuropathological features than for its pathophysiology or cause. It was not until the 1960s that a clear relationship to the measles virus was established. It is now thought that this uncommon infectious encephalopathy is caused by a “slow,” altered or persistent form of the wild measles virus which has harbored in the nervous system for years. Then a “breakout” occurs and the more lytic and virulent organisms produce the progressive and spreading inflammatory and destructive lesions which are confined to the nervous system. Epidemiological study of the disease confirms its relationship to measles. In the years since the development of national measles immunization programs, there has been a dramatic decline in the incidence of measles exanthem and until recently a corresponding decline in the incidence of SSPE. In recent years there has been a mild to moderate increase in cases of SSPE as reported to the USA/International SSPE Registry. As yet, there has not been a totally effective treatment. The purpose of this paper is to give an overall review on SSPE and its relationship to measles. This review will include a prospectus of its history, considerations as to its etiology, correlation of clinicopathological features, and thoughts on the past and present epidemiology and treatment. MRDD Research Reviews 2001;7:217–225. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On T2‐shortening by strongly magnetized spheres: A partial refocusing model
Authors: Gillis Pierre , Moiny Francis , Brooks Rodney A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComputer simulations of water transverse relaxation induced by superparamagnetic particles are shown to disagree with the available theories, covering the slow diffusion domain. Understanding these new simulations, not in the slow diffusion domain, thus requires a new theoretical approach. A “partial refocusing model” is introduced for this purpose; it is based on a spatial division between an inner region where the gradients are too strong for the refocusing pulses to be efficient and an outer region where they are efficient. This model agrees with published simulations of relaxation induced by magnetic dipoles approximated as points. The validity domains of the various models are also compared. Magn Reson Med 47:257–263, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.