bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Brake Drum using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Choy H Y , Siaw M G , Pung K Q 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Because of the need for safety, braking performance has become a very important factor for automotive manufacturers and passengers. Despite all the stresses experienced by the drum brake doesn’t damage the drum due to high tensile strength but the drum may fail under fatigue loading. The critical region of concentrated stress is determined, and appropriate modifications are being made to improve it. The distribution of stress and the heat dissipation obtained from the result of the analysis are employed as input for the failure region. The findings of stress and thermal analysis are crucial for improving the component design at the first stage of development. The objectives of this study are to modify and improve the circumferential strength and heat dissipation and to optimize the design of the drum brake with simulation using Finite Element Analysis. The simulation was run on the initial model and modified on its to make it better. it shows that 27.33% decrease in maximum von Mises stress. Thermal analysis for heat flux on the material will show the ability of heat dissipation. Overall, It has been determined that aluminium alloy is the optimum material for drum brake design in terms of total heat flux.
Gelatin scaffold ameliorates proliferation & stem cell differentiation into the hepatic like cell and support liver regeneration in partial-hepatectomized mice model
Authors: Kumari Kshama , Tandon Simran , Ghosh Sourabh , Baligar Prakash 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Stem cell-based tissue engineering is an emerging tool for developing functional tissues of choice. To understand pluripotency and hepatic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) on a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold, we established an efficient approach for generating hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from hepatoblast cells. We developed porous and biodegradable scaffold, which was stimulated with exogenous growth factors and investigated stemness and differentiation capacity of mESCs into HLCs on the scaffold in-vitro. In animal studies, we had cultured mESCs-derived hepatoblast-like cells on the scaffold and then, transplanted them into the partially hepatectomized C57BL/6 male mice model to evaluate the effect of gelatin scaffold on hepatic regeneration. The 3D culture system allowed maintenance of stemness properties in mESCs. The step-wise induction of mESCs with differentiation factors leads to the formation of HLCs and expressed liver-specific genes, including albumin, hepatocyte nucleic factor 4 alpha, and cytokeratin 18. In addition, cells also expressed Ki67, indicating cells are proliferating. The secretome showed expression of albumin, urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. However, the volume of the excised liver which aids regeneration has not been studied. Our results indicate that hepatoblast cells on the scaffold implanted in PH mouse indicates that these cells efficiently differentiate into HLCs and cholangiocytes, forming hepatic lobules with central and portal veins, and bile duct-like structures with neovascularization. The gelatin scaffold provides an efficient microenvironment for liver differentiation and regeneration both in-vitro and in-vivo. These hepatoblasts cells would be a valuable source for 3D liver tissue engineering/transplantation in liver diseases.
Assumptions about prior fossil fuel inventories impact our ability to estimate posterior net CO2 fluxes that are needed for verifying national inventories
Authors: Oda Tomohiro , Feng Liang , Palmer Paul I , Baker David F , Ott Lesley E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Monitoring national and global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a critical component of the Paris Agreement, necessary to verify collective activities to reduce GHG emissions. Top-down approaches to infer GHG emission estimates from atmospheric data are widely recognized as a useful tool to independently verify emission inventories reported by individual countries under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change. Conventional top-down atmospheric inversion methods often prescribe fossil fuel CO2 emissions (FFCO2) and fit the resulting model values to atmospheric CO2 observations by adjusting natural terrestrial and ocean flux estimates. This approach implicitly assumes that we have perfect knowledge of FFCO2 and that any gap in our understanding of atmospheric CO2 data can be explained by natural fluxes; consequently, it also limits our ability to quantify non-FFCO2 emissions. Using two independent FFCO2 emission inventories, we show that differences in sub-annual emission distributions are aliased to the corresponding posterior natural flux estimates. Over China, for example, where the two inventories show significantly different seasonal variations in FFCO2, the resulting differences in national-scale flux estimates are small but are significant on the subnational scale. We compare natural CO2 flux estimates inferred from in-situ and satellite observations. We find that sparsely distributed in-situ observations are best suited for quantifying natural fluxes and large-scale carbon budgets and less suitable for quantifying FFCO2 errors. Satellite data provide us with the best opportunity to quantify FFCO2 emission errors; a similar result is achievable using dense, regional in-situ measurement networks. Enhancing the top-down flux estimation capability for inventory verification requires a coordinated activity to (a) improve GHG inventories; (b) extend methods that take full advantage of measurements of trace gases that are co-emitted during combustion; and (c) improve atmospheric transport models.
Distinguishing the main climatic drivers to the variability of gross primary productivity at global FLUXNET sites
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yue Xu , Wang Bin , Tian Chenguang , Lu Xiaofei , Zhu Jun , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Climate exerts both short-term and long-term impacts on the ecosystem carbon assimilation. However, the main climatic drivers for the variability of gross primary productivity (GPP) remain unclear across various timescales and vegetation types. Here, we combine the state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms with a well-established explanatory method to explore the impacts of climatic factors on long-term GPP variability at global FLUXNET sites across four timescales and six plant functional types. Results show that diffuse shortwave radiation (SWdif) dominates GPP variability at the sub-daily (half-hourly to three hourly) timescales especially for the tree species, and acts as the secondary contributor after air temperature at the daily or longer timescales. Attribution analyses further showed that the main effects of SWdif are much higher than their interactive effects with other climatic factors in regulating the GPP variability. By identifying the main climatic drivers, this study improves the understanding of the climate-driven GPP variability and provides important implications for the future projection of ecosystem carbon assimilation under global climate change.
Thermal form-factor expansion of the dynamical two-point functions of local operators in integrable quantum chains
Authors: Göhmann Frank , Kozlowski Karol K , Minin Mikhail D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Evaluating a lattice path integral in terms of spectral data and matrix elements pertaining to a suitably defined quantum transfer matrix, we derive form-factor series expansions for the dynamical two-point functions of arbitrary local operators in fundamental Yang–Baxter integrable lattice models at finite temperature. The summands in the series are parameterised by solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations associated with the eigenvalue problem of the quantum transfer matrix. We elaborate on the example of the XXZ chain for which the solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations are sufficiently well understood in certain limiting cases. We work out in detail the case of the spin-zero operators in the antiferromagnetic massive regime at zero temperature. In this case the thermal form-factor series turn into series of multiple integrals with fully explicit integrands. These integrands factorize into an operator-dependent part, determined by the so-called Fermionic basis, and a part which we call the universal weight as it is the same for all spin-zero operators. The universal weight can be inferred from our previous work. The operator-dependent part is rather simple for the most interesting short-range operators. It is determined by two functions ρ and ω for which we obtain explicit expressions in the considered case. As an application we rederive the known explicit form-factor series for the two-point function of the magnetization operator and obtain analogous expressions for the magnetic current and the energy operators.
Characterisation of weld bead and microhardness of SS316L weld overlays on S355J2+N steel using GTAW under E-type magnet
Authors: Raj Prem , Gill Jaspal Singh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, a three-pole (E-type) electromagnet with magnetic configurations north-south-north (NSN) and south-north-south (SNS) was installed in the GTAW process to generate a combination of two symmetrically transverse external magnetic fields around the weld arc and the molten pool. The effects of magnetic fields obtained by these two types of magnetic configurations (NSN and SNS) on the weld bead characteristics and microhardness in GTAW were analysed. In these experiments, high-strength low alloy (HSLA) S355J2+N grade with a thickness of 10 mm was selected as the substrate material and S316L as the filler wire. Using magnetic fields during the welding process successfully enhanced the weld bead appearance and shape and improved the mechanical characteristics of weld overlays. It was also observed that for different values of excitation current, magnetic fields generated with both configurations ( i.e., NSN and SNS) provide greater bead width, a higher penetration shape factor, and higher microhardness values in comparison to specimens welded with conventional GTAW. The NSN and SNS configurations of the E-type magnet improve the penetration shape factor by 58% and 46%, respectively. These configurations were more suitable for weld overlays (cladding) and hardfacing. However, the observations indicated an enhancement in microhardness for all excitation current values by employing the NSN and SNS magnetic configurations.
Experimental and numerical simulation studies of CuO thin films based solar cells
Authors: Benaissa N , Garmim T , El Boughdadi M , El Jouad Z , Louardi A , Hartiti B , Monkade M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study presents an experimental investigation into the solar performance of copper oxide (CuO) thin films. These CuO films were fabricated using the spray pyrolysis technique, and their structural, morpholigical, optical, and electrical properties were examined in relation to the effect of layer thickness. Additionally, we employed SCAPS-1D software to perform numerical simulations of CuO-based solar cells. Moreover, the band gap energy was discovered to be between 1.14 eV, 1.53 eV and 1.61. Using the four-point probe, the electrical resistivity was computed and the high conductivity found corresponds to the sample generated with a film thickness of t = 292 nm, is 7.52 (×10−3 Ω.cm)−1. The CuO/TiO2/FTO solar cell configuration showed a potential efficiency of 13.38% when the absorber layer thickness is 292 nm and the band gap value is 1.53 eV. Furthermore, based on the band gap energy value of 1.53 eV the investigation has been deepened by expanding the range of absorber layer thickness and temperature to thoroughly examine their impact on solar cell performance. Moreover, the CuO/TiO2 solar cells curves of external quantum efficiency (EQE) for various CuO layer thicknesses were determined.
CoraL: interpretable contrastive meta-learning for the prediction of cancer-associated ncRNA-encoded small peptides
Authors: Li Zhongshen , Jin Junru , He Wenjia , Long Wentao , Yu Haoqing , Gao Xin , Nakai Kenta , Zou Quan , Wei Leyi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
NcRNA-encoded small peptides (ncPEPs) have recently emerged as promising targets and biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, identifying cancer-associated ncPEPs is crucial for cancer research. In this work, we propose CoraL, a novel supervised contrastive meta-learning framework for predicting cancer-associated ncPEPs. Specifically, the proposed meta-learning strategy enables our model to learn meta-knowledge from different types of peptides and train a promising predictive model even with few labeled samples. The results show that our model is capable of making high-confidence predictions on unseen cancer biomarkers with only five samples, potentially accelerating the discovery of novel cancer biomarkers for immunotherapy. Moreover, our approach remarkably outperforms existing deep learning models on 15 cancer-associated ncPEPs datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness. Interestingly, our model exhibits outstanding performance when extended for the identification of short open reading frames derived from ncPEPs, demonstrating the strong prediction ability of CoraL at the transcriptome level. Importantly, our feature interpretation analysis discovers unique sequential patterns as the fingerprint for each cancer-associated ncPEPs, revealing the relationship among certain cancer biomarkers that are validated by relevant literature and motif comparison. Overall, we expect CoraL to be a useful tool to decipher the pathogenesis of cancer and provide valuable information for cancer research. The dataset and source code of our proposed method can be found at https://github.com/Johnsunnn/CoraL.
Multi-shelled ECIF: improved extended connectivity interaction features for accurate binding affinity prediction
Authors: Shiota Koji , Akutsu Tatsuya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Extended connectivity interaction features (ECIF) is a method developed to predict protein–ligand binding affinity, allowing for detailed atomic representation. It performed very well in terms of Comparative Assessment of Scoring Functions 2016 (CASF-2016) scoring power. However, ECIF has the limitation of not being able to adequately account for interatomic distances.

Results
To investigate what kind of distance representation is effective for P-L binding affinity prediction, we have developed two algorithms that improved ECIF’s feature extraction method to take distance into account. One is multi-shelled ECIF, which takes into account the distance between atoms by dividing the distance between atoms into multiple layers. The other is weighted ECIF, which weights the importance of interactions according to the distance between atoms. A comparison of these two methods shows that multi-shelled ECIF outperforms weighted ECIF and the original ECIF, achieving a CASF-2016 scoring power Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.877.

Availability and implementation
All the codes and data are available on GitHub (https://github.com/koji11235/MSECIFv2).
stVAE deconvolves cell-type composition in large-scale cellular resolution spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Li Chen , Chan Ting-Fung , Yang Can , Lin Zhixiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Recent rapid developments in spatial transcriptomic techniques at cellular resolution have gained increasing attention. However, the unique characteristics of large-scale cellular resolution spatial transcriptomic datasets, such as the limited number of transcripts captured per spot and the vast number of spots, pose significant challenges to current cell-type deconvolution methods.

Results
In this study, we introduce stVAE, a method based on the variational autoencoder framework to deconvolve the cell-type composition of cellular resolution spatial transcriptomic datasets. To assess the performance of stVAE, we apply it to five datasets across three different biological tissues. In the Stereo-seq and Slide-seqV2 datasets of the mouse brain, stVAE accurately reconstructs the laminar structure of the pyramidal cell layers in the cortex, which are mainly organized by the subtypes of telencephalon projecting excitatory neurons. In the Stereo-seq dataset of the E12.5 mouse embryo, stVAE resolves the complex spatial patterns of osteoblast subtypes, which are supported by their marker genes. In Stereo-seq and Pixel-seq datasets of the mouse olfactory bulb, stVAE accurately delineates the spatial distributions of known cell types. In summary, stVAE can accurately identify spatial patterns of cell types and their relative proportions across spots for cellular resolution spatial transcriptomic data. It is instrumental in understanding the heterogeneity of cell populations and their interactions within tissues.

Availability and implementation
stVAE is available in GitHub (https://github.com/lichen2018/stVAE) and Figshare (https://figshare.com/articles/software/stVAE/23254538).
KDM6A/UTX promotes spermatogenic gene expression across generations and is not required for male fertility
Authors: Walters Benjamin W , Rainsford Shannon R , Heuer Rachel A , Dias Nicolas , Huang Xiaofang , de Rooij Dirk , Lesch Bluma J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Paternal chromatin undergoes extensive structural and epigenetic changes during mammalian spermatogenesis, producing sperm with an epigenome optimized for the transition to embryogenesis. Lysine demethylase 6a (KDM6A, also called UTX) promotes gene activation in part via demethylation of H3K27me3, a developmentally important repressive modification abundant throughout the epigenome of spermatogenic cells and sperm. We previously demonstrated increased cancer risk in genetically wild-type mice derived from a paternal germ line lacking Kdm6a (Kdm6a cKO), indicating a role for KDM6A in regulating heritable epigenetic states. However, the regulatory function of KDM6A during spermatogenesis is not known. Here, we show that Kdm6a is transiently expressed in spermatogenesis, with RNA and protein expression largely limited to late spermatogonia and early meiotic prophase. Kdm6a cKO males do not have defects in fertility or the overall progression of spermatogenesis. However, hundreds of genes are deregulated upon loss of Kdm6a in spermatogenic cells, with a strong bias toward downregulation coinciding with the time when Kdm6a is expressed. Misregulated genes encode factors involved in chromatin organization and regulation of repetitive elements, and a subset of these genes was persistently deregulated in the male germ line across two generations of offspring of Kdm6a cKO males. Genome-wide epigenetic profiling revealed broadening of H3K27me3 peaks in differentiating spermatogonia of Kdm6a cKO mice, suggesting that KDM6A demarcates H3K27me3 domains in the male germ line. Our findings highlight KDM6A as a transcriptional activator in the mammalian male germ line that is dispensable for spermatogenesis but important for safeguarding gene regulatory state intergenerationally.
Update of the international HerniaSurge guidelines for groin hernia management
Authors: Stabilini Cesare , van Veenendaal Nadine , Aasvang Eske , Agresta Ferdinando , Aufenacker Theo , Berrevoet Frederik , Burgmans Ine , Chen David , de Beaux Andrew , East Barbora , Garcia-Alamino Jose , Henriksen Nadia , Köckerling Ferdinand , Kukleta Jan , Loos Maarten , Lopez-Cano Manuel , Lorenz Ralph , Miserez Marc , Montgomery Agneta , Morales-Conde Salvador , Oppong Chris , Pawlak Maciej , Podda Mauro , Reinpold Wolfgang , Sanders David , Sartori Alberto , Tran Hanh Minh , Verdaguer Mireia , Wiessner Reiko , Yeboah Michael , Zwaans Willem , Simons Maarten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Groin hernia repair is one of the most common operations performed globally, with more than 20 million procedures per year. The last guidelines on groin hernia management were published in 2018 by the HerniaSurge Group. The aim of this project was to assess new evidence and update the guidelines. The guideline is intended for general and abdominal wall surgeons treating adult patients with groin hernias.

Method
A working group of 30 international groin hernia experts and all involved stakeholders was formed and examined all new literature on groin hernia management, available until April 2022. Articles were screened for eligibility and assessed according to GRADE methodologies. New evidence was included, and chapters were rewritten. Statements and recommendations were updated or newly formulated as necessary.

Results
Ten chapters of the original HerniaSurge inguinal hernia guidelines were updated. In total, 39 new statements and 32 recommendations were formulated (16 strong recommendations). A modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus on all statements and recommendations among the groin hernia experts and at the European Hernia Society meeting in Manchester on October 21, 2022.

Conclusion
The HerniaSurge Collaboration has updated the international guidelines for groin hernia management. The updated guidelines provide an overview of the best available evidence on groin hernia management and include evidence-based statements and recommendations for daily practice. Future guideline development will change according to emerging guideline methodology.
When mass culture meets high culture: reality television and big data at the art museum
Authors: Griffin Hollis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article examines cultural beliefs related to reality television and social media, using a museum installation as a point of departure for examining the persistence of particular ideas about taste and aesthetic value as they relate to mass media in a historical moment when audiences are more frequently small and specialized. Its case study is an artwork that creates a data visualization from social media analytics related to American Idol, America’s Got Talent, America’s Next Top Model, and America’s Best Dance Crew. Using discourse analysis, the article unpacks how the installation establishes connections between televised contests, social media activity, and U.S. national identity. The author argues that the installation predicates its critique of reality television and social media on collapsing the differences between disparate programs, animating hierarchies of taste between various publics, and simplifying emergent industry practices related to big data.
Relational hinterlands in the USA have become disconnected from major global centres
Authors: Buchholz Maximilian , Bathelt Harald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch identifies strong concentrations of economic activity in dynamic, major city regions, whereas shifts in economic linkages between these and smaller, less-advantaged city regions have been less investigated. Using data on firms’ investment/disinvestment decisions between 1993 and 2017, we show that the majority of ‘relational hinterlands’ (smaller, non-contiguous city regions with at least 1 investment tie to a global centre in 1993) in the USA have become disconnected from major US ‘global centres’ (globally integrated city regions). Relational hinterlands which lost connectivity to the global centres are also disadvantaged in many other ways. While global centres have become increasingly connected to other global centres in the USA and abroad, relational hinterlands have become increasingly disconnected from centres of economic growth.