bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Static Plate Load Test Results According to Czech, French, and German Methodologies
Authors: Pospíšil Jiří , Horníček Leoš 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many countries have a specific way of performing and evaluating the static plate load test for assessing the railway substructure deformation resistance, so its values cannot be easily compared for different countries. This paper describes an experimental study that compares the evaluated results of performed static plate load tests according to Czech, French, and German methodologies. To obtain comparable results, several measurement campaigns were carried out on test layers of crushed aggregates in experimental conditions and on a subgrade surface of soil stabilized by hydraulic binders or on sub-ballast layers of crushed aggregates on real railway track structures. The results were further statistically evaluated by arranging them in graphs, and the mutual correlations between individual methods were found. The dependence of the results turned out to be polynomial. For the comparison regarding the tested subsoil material, the correlation appeared to be better for aggregates than for stabilized soils. The performed experimental study aimed to compare the results of the static plate load test according to the mentioned methodologies and to establish mutual correlations between them. Its results can be used for adapting the requirements for the deformation resistance of the railway substructure defined in foreign standards to the Czech environment.
Development of eco-friendly binder using waste cement powder-silica fume and micro steel fibres
Authors: Zghair Luma A. G. , Hamad Hind Hussein , Yousif Mohammad Z. , Al-Hamd Rwayda Kh.S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Interest has grown in recycled cement powder waste’s application in building projects as a workable, long-term solution to environmental issues. This work presents experimental results investigating the behaviour of plain and fibre-reinforced waste cement paste with different volume fraction percentages of micro steel fibres (1% and 2%), where densified micro silica partially replaces 10% of the waste cement. For each mix, the superplasticiser and water-cement ratios were maintained constant. The study involved a number of studies, including flow table inspections, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) tests, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) testing, compressive and flexural strength assessments, dry density measurements, and ultrasonic tests. These evaluations aimed to analyse the specimens’ mechanical and physical characteristics thoroughly. The results showed that substituting densified micro fume and micro steel fibres (SF) for a certain amount of cement could improve waste cement’s properties. Using 2% of the micro-steel fibres significantly affected the cement paste’s compressive and flexural strengths. Nevertheless, an investigation revealed that the inclusion of fibres resulted in a reduction in the amplitude of the sound waves and a decrease in the stagnation flow. The SEM–EDX tests revealed satisfactory adherence between the cement paste and SF. This clarifies why adding SF causes the compressive strength to increase.
Laser-induced selective local patterning of vanadium oxide phases
Authors: Li Junjie , Navarro Henry , Pofelski Alexandre , Salev Pavel , El Hage Ralph , Qiu Erbin , Zhu Yimei , Fainman Yeshaiahu , Schuller Ivan K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The same elements can form different compounds with widely different physical properties. Synthesis of a single-phase material is commonly achieved by controlling experimental conditions. Synthesizing materials that incorporate multiple specific spatially distributed chemical phases is often challenging, especially if different phases must be organized into well-defined spatial patterns. Here, we present an efficient solid reaction laser annealing (SRLA) approach to directly write regions of different local chemical compositions. We demonstrate the practical utility of our approach by locally writing microscale patterns of distinct chemical phases in vanadium oxide thin films. Specifically, we achieved the controlled local recrystallization of a uniform V2O3 matrix into VO2, V3O5, and V4O7 regions exhibiting sharp 1st- and 2nd-order metal–insulator phase transitions over a wide range of critical temperatures, i.e., a characteristic feature of select vanadium oxides that is extremely sensitive to even minute structural or compositional imperfections. We utilized the local chemical phase writing to pattern spiking oscillators with distinct electrical behavior directly in the thin film sample without employing elaborate lithography fabrication. Our laser tuning local chemical composition opens a pathway to synthesize a wide range of artificially micropatterned composite materials, with precision and control unattainable in conventional material synthesis methods.

Graphical Abstract
Insightful Examination of Some Nonlinear Classifications Linked with Mathieu Oscillators
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Mona A. A. , Elagamy Khaled 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the current study is to comparehend an analytical description of different classes of nonlinear Mathieu oscillators. The van der Pol-Duffing-Mathieu oscillator, and the generalized van der Pol-Duffing-Mathieu oscillator are examined. Additionally, the hybrid Rayleigh-van der Pol-Duffing-Mathieu oscillators, as well as the nonlinear Mathieu oscillator, are scrutinized.

Method
The non-perturbative approach (NPA) is utilized to convert the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), of the illustrated dynamical systems, into linear ones. The approximate solutions are derived independently in the series expansion and without the use of conventional perturbation techniques. Therefore, the goal is to deviate from conventional perturbation techniques and get approximations of small amplitude parametric components without imposing any restrictions. The method is also expanded to determine the best solutions for the nonlinear immense amplitude of fluctuation.

Results
The current method offers successive approximations of the solutions of parametric nonlinear fluctuations may be obtained by quickly estimating the frequency-amplitude relationship. The resulting parametric equations are validated, showing high degree of agreement with the original equation. Stability behavior is analyzed under various circumstances. The transition curves, bifurcation diagram, Poincaré map, and phase portrait are also examined using the Floquet theory.

Conclusion
The stability regions are found to be diminishing with the rise of the natural frequency, and the excited frequency. Moreover, the achieved regions are found to be growing with the rise of the damping coefficient and the excitation amplitude. The stability settings have been examined by considering the effects of various factors in both the damped and un-damped phases for each situation. In the un-damped state, PolarPlots are examined of the transition curves of the two corresponding solutions, namely Cos- and Sin-oscillations. The conclusions of the acquired results suggested that the approach presented here is highly efficient, robust, founded on solid premises, and remarkably intuitive.
The Affective Science Network: A Fieldwide Map of over 1 Million Citations
Authors: Iancarelli Alessia , Rypkema Nicholas R. , Ritchey Maureen , Satpute Ajay B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research in affective science includes over one hundred thousand articles, the vast majority of which have been published in only the past two decades. The size and rapid growth of this field have led to unique challenges for the twenty-first-century scientist including how to develop both breadth and depth of scholarship, curb siloing and promote integrative and interdisciplinary framework, and represent and monitor the field in its entirety. Here, we help address these issues by compactly mapping out this enormous field using citation network analysis (CNA). We generated a citation matrix of over 100,000 publications and over 1 million citations since the seminal works on emotion by Charles Darwin (1872) and William James (1884). Using graph theory metric and content analysis of titles and abstracts, we identified and characterized the contents of 69 research communities, their most influential articles, and their interconnectedness with each other. We further identified potential “missed connections” between communities that share similar content but do not have strong citation-based connections. In doing so, we establish the first, low-dimensional representation, or field-wide map, of a substantial portion of the affective sciences literature. This panoramic view of the field provides affective and non-affective scientists alike with the means to rapidly survey dozens of major research communities and topics in the field, guide scholarship development, and identify gaps and connections for developing an integrative science.
Design and Control Strategies for a 25 kW LLC Converter with a Wide Output Voltage Range Comprising Distributed Core Transformers
Authors: Sim Dong Hyeon , Lee Ju-A. , Lee Byoung Kuk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the design and experimental validation of a 25 kW LLC converter for a 50 kW electric vehicle (EV) fast charging system (FCS) module, emphasizing a broad output voltage range. The resonant network of the LLC converter is analyzed to ensure optimal operational efficiency, and the half-bridge control method is explored to accommodate extensive voltage range. The converter features a distributed core transformer, focusing on the evaluation of connection methods for enhanced power density and efficient heat dissipation. Based on these analyses, an LLC converter optimized for efficient operation was developed. Experimental verification on a 25 kW testbed confirms the effectiveness and validity of the proposed design and control methods, demonstrating their substantial applicability for high-power EV charging.
AI wellbeing
Authors: Goldstein Simon , Kirk-Giannini Cameron Domenico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Under what conditions would an artificially intelligent system have wellbeing? Despite its clear bearing on the ethics of human interactions with artificial systems, this question has received little direct attention. Because all major theories of wellbeing hold that an individual’s welfare level is partially determined by their mental life, we begin by considering whether artificial systems have mental states. We show that a wide range of theories of mental states, when combined with leading theories of wellbeing, predict that certain existing artificial systems have wellbeing. Along the way, we argue that there are good reasons to believe that artificial systems can have wellbeing even if they are not phenomenally conscious. While we do not claim to demonstrate conclusively that AI systems have wellbeing, we argue that there is a significant probability that some AI systems have or will soon have wellbeing and that this should lead us to reassess our relationship with the intelligent systems we create.
Sea Ice Heterogeneity as a Result of Ocean Eddy Activity During the Ice Growth Season
Authors: Martínez‐Moreno Josué , Lique Camille , Talandier Claude 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMesoscale eddies, generated by lateral gradients in salinity and temperature in the Arctic marginal ice zone, are known to modulate the melting of sea ice. Yet, it remains unclear if eddies modify sea ice growth during the freezing season. Here, we use idealized spin‐down simulations of a front to explore the sea ice growth above an eddying ocean. In the presence of eddies, mixing of the sea surface temperature and salinity induces spatial variability in the heat and salt fluxes at the ice‐ocean interface, imprinting spatial variability on the sea ice thickness. Sea ice thickness shows an order of magnitude more spatial variability in our simulations with strong eddies compared to those without. Increased spatial heterogeneity in the sea ice could make it more brittle and affect its evolution. This effect may become more pronounced as the Arctic transitions to a summer open‐ocean regime and the eddy field intensifies.
Magnetotelluric Evidence for Lithospheric Hydration and Thinning Beneath the Youjiang Basin in Southwestern China
Authors: Yang Zhen , Li Xin , Deng Yangfan , Yu Nian , Kong Wenxin , Chen Minghao , Chen Yun , Bai Denghai , Teng Jiwen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDetermining the water content in the lithospheric mantle is crucial for understanding its dynamic evolution. Because the electrical conductivity of mantle minerals is particularly sensitive to water, the magnetotelluric (MT) method becomes a vital tool to determine the water content in the lithospheric mantle. Here we used broadband and long‐period MT data collected along a 600‐km‐long, NS‐trending profile to obtain the electrical resistivity structure of the lithosphere across the southwestern South China Block. By combining the results of laboratory electrical conductivity measurements of mantle minerals, xenolith‐derived composition, and geotherm information, we further estimated the water content of the lithospheric mantle. The results show that the Youjiang Basin has a relatively thin lithosphere segmented by zones of low‐resistivity that spatially coincide with major faults. The relatively conductive mantle lithosphere could be explained by the combined effects of water in nominally anhydrous minerals, sulfide and phlogopite. Combined with regional tectonic context, we proposed that H2O‐rich fluids derived from the previously subducted slabs and related metasomatic processes lead to lithospheric hydration and thinning within the Youjiang Basin. Additionally, such processes, together with magmatic‐hydrothermal activities, likely contribute to the formation of gold deposits within the basin. By contrast, the lithosphere beneath the Yangtze Craton is characterized by high resistivity extending to a depth of ∼200 km, representing a typical cratonic lithosphere that has not undergone significant tectonic modification and contains no or very little water.
A Scheme of Sea Surface Upward Longwave Radiation With Sea Spray Layer Effect
Authors: Jing Xueyi , Wang Lanning , Wu Qizhong , Cheng Huaqiong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEstimation of sea surface upward longwave radiation (SULR) are generally dependent on sea surface temperature (SST), in accordance with the Stefan‐Boltzmann law. The consensus is that the inaccuracy in estimating SST contributes to bias in the estimation. This study proposes the incorporation of the spray layer in estimating upward longwave radiation, as when the sea surface is covered by the spray layer, it becomes the primary source of longwave radiation emitted to the atmosphere. Analysis of ERA5 data suggests that the bias in sea SULR is associated with the temperature of the sea spray layer and the whitecap coverage. Incorporating the spray layer in the estimation of sea SULR results in a decrease of the overestimation in ERA5 by over 15%. The revised scheme, implemented in CESM2.1.3, led to an average percentage bias improvement around 16%. The percentage bias improvement in localized areas of the southeastern Pacific and the southeastern Indian Oceans reaches up to 40%. The regions where bias has been effectively reduced are mainly found within latitudes of 30°, and the negative bias in the Southern Ocean is increased. This study offers a novel insight into the errors in estimating sea SULR.
Enhanced Simulation of Atmospheric Blocking in a High‐Resolution Earth System Model: Projected Changes and Implications for Extreme Weather Events
Authors: Gao Yang , Guo Xiaojie , Lu Jian , Woolings Tim , Chen Deliang , Guo Xiuwen , Kou Wenbin , Zhang Shaoqing , Leung L. Ruby , Schiemann Reinhard , O'Reilly Christopher H. , Guo Chuncheng , Li Jianping , Gao Huiwang , Wu Lixin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAtmospheric blocking is closely linked to the occurrence of extreme weather events. However, low‐resolution Earth system models often underestimate the frequency of blocking, undermining confidence in future projections. In this study, we use the high‐resolution Community Earth System Model (CESM‐HR; 25 km atm and 10 km ocean) to show that CESM‐HR reduces biases in atmospheric blocking for both winter and summer, particularly for events lasting longer than 10 days. This improvement is partly due to reduced sea surface temperature biases at higher resolution. Additionally, applying a bias correction to the 500 hPa geopotential height further enhances blocking frequency simulations, highlighting the crucial role of the mean state. Under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, CESM‐HR projects a decrease in wintertime blocking over regions such as the Euro‐Atlantic and Chukchi‐Alaska, consistent with previous studies. In contrast, summer blocking is expected to become more frequent and persistent, driven by weakened zonal winds. The blocking center shifts from historical locations over Scandinavia and eastern Russia to central Eurasia, significantly increasing blocking over the Ural region. Summer blocking frequency over the Scandinavia‐Ural region may eventually surpass historical winter blocking over the Euro‐Atlantic. This increase in summer blocking could exacerbate summer heatwaves in a warming climate, making severe heatwaves, like those observed recently, more common in the future.
South European Heatwaves and Their Impacts on the Power System in 2022
Authors: Xu Xinping , He Shengping , Zhou Botao , Wang Huijun , Jiang Han , Liu Changyi , Sun Bo , Yin Tienan , Yan Jie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnprecedented heatwaves accompanying severe droughts hit South Europe in May‒July 2022. From the interdisciplinary perspective, this study revealed that the extreme climate events can intensify European energy crisis through pushing up electricity demand and limiting renewable energy supply that makes up more than one‐third of gross electricity consumption in the European Union (EU). The record‐high electricity demand over South Europe in May‒July was closely associated with the long‐lasting extreme heatwaves. On the other hand, the anomalous high‐pressure system over Europe contributed to the severe heatwaves and the shortage of renewable power generation, for instance, through affecting the wind speed. The wind power generation over South Europe was reduced by the anomalous anticyclone which weakened low‐tropospheric prevailing northwesterly wind. The results indicate a potential intensive conflict between the increasing power demand and the decreasing renewable power generation in Europe that are induced simultaneously by the extreme heatwaves. Therefore, it is suggested that the energy sectors' resilience to extreme climate events should be well built as the EU sets to significantly increase the renewable energy target to meet the goal of climate‐neutral by 2050.
miR-142 deficit in T cells during blast crisis promotes chronic myeloid leukemia immune escape
Authors: Chen Fang , Zhao Dandan , Xu Yongfang , Zhang Yi , Chen Min-Hsuan , Pathak Khyatiben V. , Hansen Nate , Lovell Brooke , Liang Yong , Estrella Katrina , Wang Wei-Le , Ghoda Lucy , Rockne Russell , Wu Xiwei , Ali Haris , Yu Jianhua , Caligiuri Michael A. , Forman Stephen J. , Trent Jeff M. , Kuo Ya-Huei , Li Ling , Swiderski Piotr , Zhang Jianying , Kortylewski Marcin , Nguyen Le Xuan Truong , Pirrotte Patrick , Boldin Mark , Marcucci Guido , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We reported that an acquired miR-142 deficit transforms chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) leukemic stem cells (LSCs) into blast crisis (BC) LSCs. Given the role of miR-142 in the development and activity of the immune system, we postulated that this deficit also promotes LSC immune escape. Herein, we report on IL-6-driven miR-142 deficit occurring in T cells during BC transformation. In CML murine models, miR-142 deficit impairs thymic differentiation of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPP) into T cells and prevents T cells’ metabolic reprogramming, thereby leading to loss of T cells and leukemia immune escape. Correcting miR-142 deficit with a miR-142 mimic compound (M-miR-142), alone or in combination with immune checkpoint antibodies, restores T cell number and immune activity, leading to LSC elimination and prolonged survival of BC CML murine and patient-derived xenograft models. These observations may open new therapeutic opportunities for BC CML and other myeloid malignancies.
Machine learning assisted composition design of high-entropy Pb-free relaxors with giant energy-storage
Authors: Wang Xingcheng , Zhang Ji , Ma Xingshuai , Luo Huajie , Liu Laijun , Liu Hui , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The high-entropy strategy has emerged as a prevalent approach to boost capacitive energy-storage performance of relaxors for advanced electrical and electronic systems. However, exploring high-performance high-entropy systems poses challenges due to the extensive compositional space. Herein, with the assistance of machine learning screening, we demonstrated a high energy-storage density of 20.7 J cm-3 with a high efficiency of 86% in a high-entropy Pb-free relaxor ceramic. A random forest regression model with key descriptors based on limited reported experimental data were developed to predict and screen the elements and chemical compositions of high-entropy systems. Following basic experiments, a (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based high-entropy relaxor characterized by fine grains, weakly-coupled and small-sized polar clusters was identified. This resulted in a near-linear polarization behavior and an ultrahigh breakdown strength of 95 kV mm-1. Further, this high-entropy realxor presented a high discharge energy density of 7.7 J cm-3 under discharge rate of about 27 ns, along with superior temperature and fatigue stability. Our results present the data-driven model for efficiently exploring high-performance high-entropy relaxors, demonstrating the potential of machine learning in developing relaxors.