bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broken Inversion Symmetry in Van Der Waals Topological Ferromagnetic Metal Iron Germanium Telluride
Authors: Zhang Kai‐Xuan , Ju Hwiin , Kim Hyuncheol , Cui Jingyuan , Keum Jihoon , Park Je‐Geun , Lee Jong Seok 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInversion symmetry breaking is critical for many quantum effects and fundamental for spin‐orbit torque, which is crucial for next‐generation spintronics. Recently, a novel type of gigantic intrinsic spin‐orbit torque is established in the topological van der Waals (vdW) magnet iron germanium telluride. However, it remains a puzzle because no clear evidence exists for interlayer inversion symmetry breaking. Here, the definitive evidence of broken inversion symmetry in iron germanium telluride directly measured by the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique is reported. The data show that the crystal symmetry reduces from centrosymmetric P63/mmc to noncentrosymmetric polar P3m1 space group, giving the threefold SHG pattern with dominant out‐of‐plane polarization. Additionally, the SHG response evolves from an isotropic pattern to a sharp threefold symmetry upon increasing Fe deficiency, mainly due to the transition from random defects to ordered Fe vacancies. Such SHG response is robust against temperature, ensuring unaltered crystalline symmetries above and below the ferromagnetic transition temperature. These findings add crucial new information to the understanding of this interesting vdW metal, iron germanium telluride: band topology, intrinsic spin‐orbit torque, and topological vdW polar metal states.
Breaking the Built‐In Electric Field Barrier in p–n Heterojunction for Self‐Powered, Wavelength Distinguishable Photoelectrochemical Photodetectors: Toward Low Power Consumption and Secure Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Fathabadi Milad , Yin Yangyuan , Li Shichen , Zhao Songrui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSelf‐powered, light wavelength distinguishable photodetectors (PDs) are appealing components to build a robust, secure, and low energy consumption underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN). However, achieving such devices is extremely difficult even today. In this context, the first self‐powered, light wavelength distinguishable PDs with photoelectrochemical (PEC) principles and using tunnel junction (TJ) to overcome the technical hurdles for self‐powered, light wavelength distinguishable PEC‐PDs with p–n junction working electrode is reported. For such devices, a single photoelectrode is used, that is, one photoelectrode is able to distinguish different light wavelengths without using any external electrical power, and they are able to distinguish light wavelengths in both the ultraviolet (UV) and blue wavelength ranges. High responsivities reaching mA/W range and ultrafast response time with less than 10 ms are achieved in self‐powered operation mode. Moreover, such devices are able to operate not only in acidic but also in NaCl electrolyte, making them potentially attractive for applications in ocean environment. In the end, it is demonstrated that leveraging such PEC‐PDs, excellent data security can be achieved in the data communication mimicking that in an UWSN in ocean environment. This study not only represents a breakthrough in PDs, but also significantly advances the development of UWSNs, especially for ocean environment.
Ultra‐Broadband Organic THz Generators: Influence of Substituents on THz Phonon Vibrations in Phenolic Parallel‐Type Cation–Anion Assembly
Authors: Lee Chae‐Won , Puc Uros , Kim Jongtaek , Jazbinsek Mojca , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic terahertz (THz) crystals consist of polar molecules with various functional substituents, resulting in numerous molecular phonon vibrations in the THz frequency range. However, the effect of incorporating substituents into organic THz crystals on the resulting THz absorption is rather an unexplored area. In this work, by choosing an appropriate model system consisting of two benchmark organic nonlinear optical crystals, exhibiting an identical type of phenolic cation–anion assembly but different substituents, their ultra‐broadband THz wave generation characteristics are demonstrated and investigated. Compared to the unsubstituted crystals, the substituted crystals possess one more methoxy substituent on highly polar cationic chromophores. Their vibrational modes and THz absorption characteristics are investigated theoretically by periodic density functional theory and experimentally by ultra‐broadband THz spectroscopy up to 12 THz. In phenolic parallel‐type cation–anion assembled organic THz crystals, the existence of a methoxy substituent differently influences the molecular vibrations in low and high THz frequency ranges. In the lower THz frequency range, the unsubstituted crystals exhibit additional strong entire molecular vibrations, the so‐called cation‐on‐cation slipping vibrations, which do not exist in the substituted crystals. In contrast, the methoxy substituent leads to additional strong intramolecular vibrations in the higher THz frequency range.
A Review on Reconfigurable Metalenses Revolutionizing Flat Optics
Authors: Khonina Svetlana Nikolaevna , Butt Muhammad Ali , Kazanskiy Nikolay Lvovich 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetalenses (MLs), representing a groundbreaking paradigm shift within the realm of optics, have ushered in a transformative era in the ability to manipulate and harness the power of light. Diverging from the conventional approach reliant on curved surfaces to bend light, MLs harness intricate arrays of minuscule nanostructures to exert precise control over the phase and amplitude of incident light waves. This revolutionary technology bestows a plethora of advantages, including the creation of ultra‐compact optical systems, the enhancement of focusing capabilities to unprecedented levels, and the capability to rectify optical aberrations in a significantly thinner and more lightweight form factor. MLs have discovered a multitude of applications spanning diverse fields, from imaging and photography to augmenting reality and refining medical devices. They stand as a beacon of hope for reshaping the landscape of optical systems, courtesy of their remarkable adaptability and exceptional performance. As the evolution of MLs forges ahead, they hold immense potential to transcend the boundaries of what can be accomplished in the domain of light‐based technologies. This review presents the recent advances in reconfigurable MLs and their applicability to imaging systems.
Observation of Magnetic Quadrupole Endowed Helical Dichroism in Artificial Propeller Meta‐Molecules
Authors: Ji Chang‐Yin , Xu Shibo , Liang Qinghua , Zhang Xiaochen , Hong Xiaorong , Wang Yang , Li Xiaowei , Jiang Lan , Wang Yeliang , Ni Jincheng , Wu Dong , Li Jiafang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates that the magnetic quadrupole (MQ) can make an indispensable contribution to helical dichroism (HD), which is distinct from HD caused by electric quadrupole (EQ). Specifically, the established multipole expansion theory of the light–matter interaction reveals that EQ‐induced HD belongs to the pure electric dipole–quadrupole (E1‐E2) excitation, while newly discovered MQ‐induced HD belongs to the pure magnetic dipole‐quadrupole (M1‐M2) excitation. Metallic propeller meta‐molecules are used to elaborate on this novel physical mechanism and demonstrate that HD can be significantly enhanced and flexibly tuned by increasing stereo twist of propeller meta‐molecules or slightly focusing the linearly polarized vortex beam to improve the orbital angular momentum number. Importantly, the aforementioned intriguing phenomena are validated by fabricating stereo twisted propeller meta‐molecules via nano‐kirigami method. The findings reveal a paradigm‐shift approach to manipulate the chiroptical response of a single metallic nanostructure via photonic orbital angular moment, opening prospects for optical encryption, communication, next‐generation chiroptical spectroscopy, and chiral vortex optical devices.
A Paramagnetic Metal‐Organic Framework Enhances Mild Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy by Downregulating Heat Shock Proteins and Promoting Ferroptosis via Aggravation of Two‐Way Regulated Redox Dyshomeostasis
Authors: Wang Yi , Chen Zelong , Li Jiahui , Wen Yafei , Li Jiaxuan , Lv Yinghua , Pei Zhichao , Pei Yuxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMild magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MMHT) holds great potential in treating deep‐seated tumors, but its efficacy is impaired by the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) during the treatment process. Herein, Lac‐FcMOF, a lactose derivative (Lac‐NH2) modified paramagnetic metal‐organic framework (FcMOF) with magnetic hyperthermia property and thermal stability, has been developed to enhance MMHT therapeutic efficacy. In vitro studies showed that Lac‐FcMOF aggravates two‐way regulated redox dyshomeostasis (RDH) via magnetothermal‐accelerated ferricenium ions‐mediated consumption of glutathione and ferrocene‐catalyzed generation of ∙OH to induce oxidative damage and inhibit heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) synthesis, thus significantly enhancing the anti‐cancer efficacy of MMHT. Aggravated RDH promotes glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation and lipid peroxidation to promote ferroptosis, which further synergizes with MMHT. H22‐tumor‐bearing mice treated with Lac‐FcMOF under alternating magnetic field (AMF) demonstrated a 90.4% inhibition of tumor growth. This work therefore provides a new strategy for the simple construction of a magnetic hyperthermia agent that enables efficient MMHT by downregulating HSPs and promoting ferroptosis through the aggravation of two‐way regulated RDH.
A Silver‐Induced Absorption Red‐Shifted Dual‐Targeted Nanodiagnosis‐Treatment Agent for NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Photothermal and ROS Simultaneously Enhanced Immune Checkpoint Blockade Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Bai Yulong , Hua Jing , Zhao Jingjin , Wang Shulong , Huang Mengjiao , Wang Yang , Luo Yanni , Zhao Shulin , Liang Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTumor metastasis remains a leading factor in the failure of cancer treatments and patient mortality. To address this, a silver‐induced absorption red‐shifted core‐shell nano‐particle is developed, and surface‐modified with triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to obtain a novel nanodiagnosis‐treatment agent (Ag@CuS‐TPP@HA). This diagnosis‐treatment agent can dual‐targets cancer cells and mitochondria, and exhibits maximal light absorption at 1064 nm, thereby enhancing nesr‐infrared II (NIR‐II) photoacoustic (PA) signal and photothermal effects under 1064 nm laser irradiation. Additionally, the silver in Ag@CuS‐TPP@HA can catalyze the Fenton‐like reactions with H2O2 in the tumor tissue, yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS production, coupled with enhanced photothermal effects, instigates immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to a substantial release of tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) and damage‐associated molecular patterns, which have improved the tumor immune suppression microenvironment and boosting immune checkpoint blockade therapy, thus stimulating a systemic antitumor immune response. Hence, Ag@CuS‐TPP@HA, as a cancer diagnostic‐treatment agent, not only accomplishes targeted the NIR‐II PA imaging of tumor tissue and addresses the challenge of accurate diagnosis of deep cancer tissue in vivo, but it also leverages ROS/photothermal therapy to enhance immune checkpoint blockade, thereby eliminating primary tumors and effectively inhibiting distant tumor growth.
One Dianionic Luminophore with Three Coordination Modes Binding Four Different Metals: Toward Unexpectedly Phosphorescent Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Kirse Thomas M. , Maisuls Iván , Spierling Leander , Hepp Alexander , Kösters Jutta , Strassert Cristian A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work reports on a battery of coordination compounds featuring a versatile dianionic luminophore adopting three different coordination modes (mono, bi, and tridentate) while chelating Pd(II), Pt(II), Au(III), and Hg(II) centers. An in‐depth structural characterization of the ligand precursor (H2L) and six transition metal complexes ([HLPdCNtBu], [LPtCl], [LPtCNtBu], [LPtCNPhen], [HLHgCl], and [LAuCl]) is presented. The influence of the cations and coordination modes of the luminophore and co‐ligands on the photophysical properties (including photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL), excited state lifetimes (τ), and average (non‐)radiative rate constants) are evaluated at various temperatures in different phases. Five complexes show interesting photophysical properties at room temperature (RT) in solution. Embedment in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K significantly boosts their luminescence by suppressing radiationless deactivation paths. Thus, the Pt(II)‐based compounds provide the highest efficiencies, with slight variations upon exchange of the ancillary ligand. In the case of [HLPdCNtBu], both ΦL and τ increase over 30‐fold as compared to RT. Furthermore, the Hg(II) complex achieves, for the first time in its class, a ΦL exceeding 60% and millisecond‐range lifetimes. This demonstrates that a judicious ligand design can pave the way toward versatile coordination compounds with tunable excited state properties.
Unraveling Ros Conversion Through Enhanced Enzyme‐Like Activity with Copper‐Doped Cerium Oxide for Tumor Nanocatalytic Therapy
Authors: Gu Zhengxiang , Zhong Dan , Hou Xingyu , Wei Xuelian , Liu Caikun , Zhang Yechuan , Duan Zhenyu , Gu Zhongwei , Gong Qiyong , Luo Kui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanozyme catalytic therapy for cancer treatments has become one of the heated topics, and the therapeutic efficacy is highly correlated with their catalytic efficiency. In this work, three copper‐doped CeO2 supports with various structures as well as crystal facets are developed to realize dual enzyme‐mimic catalytic activities, that is superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce superoxide radicals to H2O2 and peroxidase (POD) to transform H2O2 to ∙OH. The wire‐shaped CeO2/Cu‐W has the richest surface oxygen vacancies, and a low level of oxygen vacancy (Vo) formation energy, which allows for the elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen spieces (ROS) and continuous transformation to ∙OH with cascade reaction. Moreover, the wire‐shaped CeO2/Cu‐W displays the highest toxic ∙OH production capacity in an acidic intracellular environment, inducing breast cancer cell death and pro‐apoptotic autophagy. Therefore, wire‐shaped CeO2/Cu nanoparticles as an artificial enzyme system can have great potential in the intervention of intracellular ROS in cancer cells, achieving efficacious nanocatalytic therapy.
An Ideal Molecular Construction Strategy for Ultra‐Narrow‐Band Deep‐Blue Emitters: Balancing Bathochromic‐Shift Emission, Spectral Narrowing, and Aggregation Suppression
Authors: Luo Xiaofeng , Jin Qian , Du Mingxu , Wang Dong , Duan Lian , Zhang Yuewei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNarrowband emissive multiple resonance (MR) emitters promise high efficiency and stability in deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the construction of ideal ultra‐narrow‐band deep‐blue MR emitters still faces formidable challenges, especially in balancing bathochromic‐shift emission, spectral narrowing, and aggregation suppression. Here, DICz is chosen, which possesses the smallest full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) in MR structures, as the core and solved the above issue by tuning its peripheral substitution sites. The 1‐substituted molecule Cz‐DICz is able to show a bright deep‐blue emission with a peak at 457 nm, an extremely small FWHM of 14 nm, and a CIE coordinate of (0.14, 0.08) in solution. The corresponding OLEDs exhibit high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 22.1%–25.6% and identical small FWHMs of 18 nm over the practical mass‐production concentration range (1–4 wt.%). To the best of the knowledge, 14 and 18 nm are currently the smallest FWHM values for deep‐blue MR emitters with similar emission maxima under photoluminescence and electroluminescence conditions, respectively. These discoveries will help drive the development of high‐performance narrowband deep‐blue emitters and bring about a revolution in OLED industry.
Scalable High‐Permittivity Polyimide Copolymer with Ultrahigh High‐Temperature Capacitive Performance Enabled by Molecular Engineering
Authors: Dong Jiufeng , Li Li , Niu Yujuan , Pan Zizhao , Pan Yupeng , Sun Liang , Tan Li , Liu Yuqi , Xu Xinwei , Guo Xugang , Wang Qing , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer capacitors are essential components of advanced electronic and power systems. However, the deficient high‐temperature capacitive performance of polymer dielectrics fails to meet the demand for harsh condition applications, due to the mutually restrictive relationships in permittivity (εr), glass transition temperature (Tg), and bandgap (Eg). Here, a modularized molecular engineering strategy is reported to enhance the high‐temperature capacitive performance of polymer dielectrics. First, the potential influences of multiple structural units on εr, Tg, and Eg of polymers are elucidated by comparing a set of polyimides (PIs). After screening out an excellent sulfonated PI with concurrently high εr (4.2), Eg (3.4 eV), and Tg (311.2 °C), a semi‐alicyclic sulfonyl‐containing PI copolymer is further synthesized that exhibits a superior discharged energy density of 4.3 J cm−3 above 90% efficiency at 200 °C and 485 MV m−1. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the combination of polar sulfonyl group, ether linkage, and alicyclic group in the backbones of the copolymer decouples the dipole orientation and the segmental motion of backbones, and reduces conjugation effects of aromatic groups, thereby minimizing the polarization relaxation loss and the conduction loss while retaining excellent thermal stability and high permittivity.
Boosting the Charge Density of Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Suppressing Air Breakdown and Dielectric Charge Leakage
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Baofeng , Zhao Zhihao , Gao Yikui , Liu Di , Liu Xiaoru , Yang Peiyuan , Guo Ziting , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCharge generation and charge decay are two essential factors that determine the surface charge density of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). However, research mainly focuses on boosting charge generation, and little attention is paid to suppressing charge decay. Here, a strategy of suppressing charge decay, including the air breakdown and dielectric charge leakage, of TENG with high surface charge density (HCD‐TENG) is proposed by utilizing a dual dielectric layer. A series of parameters of different dielectric materials are tested with the assistance of a charge excitation TENG (CE‐TENG) to reveal the relationships between charge generation, air breakdown, and dielectric charge leakage in the atmospheric environment. Further, the phenomenon of dielectric charge leakage limiting the maximum output of TENG prior to air breakdown is observed for the first time. With the simultaneous suppression of the air breakdown and dielectric charge leakage, the output of TENG is enhanced to 2.2 mC m−2. This work not only provides new insight into the performance optimization and material selection of TENG, but also provides significant guidance for obtaining high‐output TENG in the future.
F‐Doped Calcium Silicate Enabling Fast Ion Deposition Kinetics for Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Du Hongxia , Wang Yuankun , Liu Xiaomeng , Wu Xianwen , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are subject to various unwanted side reactions, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion passivation, due to the highly active Zn anode. While constructing an artificial interface layer (AIL) can address these problems, the compromise in Zn deposition kinetics is considerable. Herein, F‐doped modified hydrated calcium silicate (F‐CSH) nanosheets are designed to enhance Zn2+ ion deposition kinetics. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is verified that the F‐doped contributes to higher interface adsorption energy with Zn metal and lower ion diffusion barrier, favoring faster charge transfer compared to non‐F‐doped counterparts. Additionally, the strong interaction between zincophilic F and Zn facilitates rapid desolvation of Zn2+ and promotes the deposition between the Zn metal and F‐CSH interphases. As a result, the F‐CSH layer maintains the stability on the Zn surface, enabling fast and reversible Zn deposition. The F‐CSH@Zn anode exhibits a long lifespan of over 2800 h at 5 mA cm−2, while running more than 2500 cycles at a ≈100% Coulombic efficiency. This work highlights the importance of constructing AIL with strong interaction with Zn2+/Zn in improving the interphase kinetics of zinc anode for realizing the stability of AZIBs.
The dynamics of PEG‐coated nanoparticles in concentrated protein solutions up to the molecular crowding range
Authors: Otto Ferdinand , Dallari Francesco , Westermeier Fabian , Wieland D. C. Florian , Parak Wolfgang J. , Lehmkühler Felix , Schulz Florian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer‐coated nanoparticles are widely studied in the context of nanomedicine and it is therefore of utmost importance to understand not only how their structure but also how their colloidal dynamics are affected by physiologically relevant conditions. A characteristic feature of the cytosol of cells is the very high concentration of proteins among other matrix components, often termed macromolecular crowding. Here, the structure and colloidal dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐coated gold nanoparticles in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations ranging from 0 to 265 mg/mL are studied with X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy. For protein–nanoparticle mixtures with high BSA concentrations, comparable to intracellular levels, a significant deviation of the apparent viscosity from expectations for pure BSA solutions is found. The findings strongly indicate that the nanoscopic viscous properties of the dense protein solutions are significantly affected by the nanoparticles. At these high concentrations, the colloidal stability of the samples depends on the molecular weight of the coating PEG–ligand, whereas at lower concentrations no differences are observed.
A–D–A'–D–A type nonfused ring electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells via synergistic molecular packing and orientation control
Authors: Wei Wenkui , Zhou Xia , Pang Shuting , Zhou Jiadong , Yuan Xiyue , Li Junyu , Chen Yuting , Pan Langheng , Xie Zengqi , Wu Hongbin , Huang Fei , Cao Yong , Duan Chunhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their simple synthesis. Still, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of NFREA‐based OSCs have large room for improvement. In this work, by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering, we developed four A–D–A'–D–A type NFREAs, which we refer to as EH‐4F, C4‐4F, EH‐4Cl, and C4‐4Cl. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S···F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6‐difluoro‐3‐(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation, leading to ineffective π–π stackings in EH‐4F and C4‐4F, whereas no such dimer was found in EH‐4Cl and C4‐4Cl after replacing with 5,6‐dichloro‐3‐(dicyanomethylene)indanone. Moreover, although the shorter n‐butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4‐4Cl, EH‐4Cl (2‐ethylhexyl substitution) with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face‐on orientation in thin film, which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination. As a result, a PCE of 13.0% is obtained for EH‐4Cl‐based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70. This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high‐performance A–D–A'–D–A type NFREAs.