bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loglinear spatial factor analysis: an application to diabetes mellitus complications
Authors: Minozzo Marco , Fruttini Daniela 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe investigation of spatial variation in disease rates is a standard epidemiological practice used to describe the geographic clustering of diseases which is helpful for making hypotheses about the possible ‘factors’ responsible for differences in risk. Up to the most recent statistical and computational developments, studies have almost entirely focused on the spatial modeling of univariate distributions of cases, that is, on the spatial modeling of single diseases. However, many diseases show similar patterns of geographical variation which may suggest the existence of common underlying risk factors, whether these are related to the environment, to particular local food habits, or to the clustering of a particular population (genetic origin). In this work, for multivariate categorical data pointwise geo‐referenced in a ‘geostatistical’ fashion, we propose a model for the study of the joint spatial variation of more diseases. Our approach is based on a hierarchical (generalized linear mixed) multivariate model where the underlying latent structure is given by a Gaussian geostatistical spatial factor model. The methodology proposed can be seen as an extension of the geostatistical linear model of coregionalization, and of the related ‘factorial kriging analysis’, to the case of geo‐referenced, in general multi‐way, contingency tables. An application of the proposed methodology is shown on an epidemiological data set coming from an extensive survey on diabetes mellitus patients which involved the majority of the family practitioners of the region of Umbria in central Italy in 1990. Attention is centered on the study of nephropathy and retinopathy, two of the chronic diabetic complications affecting life quality and expectancy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing intra‐individual changes in health related quality of life data in psychiatric clinical trials
Authors: Mazumdar Sati , Amanda Dew Mary , Houck Patricia R. , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAssessment of intra‐individual changes in health related quality of life (HRQOL) measures is important to develop individual change standards and to provide help in clinical practice. Methodological issues related to the analysis of HRQOL data depend on the nature of medical illnesses and the target population. However, one issue—the need to assess HRQOL changes across individuals over time—spans most conditions. Modest improvement in HRQOL may be harder to assess in elderly depressed persons who also have high rates of co‐existing medical and neurobiological illnesses. Powerful statistical techniques are necessary to assess these improvements. Focusing on methods related to the issue of measuring change, we describe the potential of a mixed‐modeling approach for the assessment of intra‐individual changes using HRQOL data measured in a large group of elderly patients with recurrent major depression. These patients were treated with combined pharmacotherapy and interpersonal psychotherapy. We used a mixed‐modeling approach and two pre‐post difference score methods. The percentage of intra‐individual statistically significant improvement rates was found to be largest for the mixed‐modeling approach. We conducted simulation studies to compare these three approaches for assessing these changes. The simulated data reflected the observed data. Results from the two simulation studies are in agreement with the observed results and provide positive evidence for an earlier hypothesis (Speer and Greenbaum, 1995) that the mixed‐modeling approach is more sensitive for assessing changes across individuals over time compared to the pre‐post difference score methods. Thus, we recommend the use of the mixed‐modeling approach to measure intra‐individual changes, based on a larger array of supporting evidence than has been available previously. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Casualty occurrence mechanism in the collapse of timber‐frame houses during an earthquake
Authors: Kiyono Junji , Furukawa Aiko 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe collapse of timber‐frame houses during an earthquake was analyzed by the 2‐dimensional (2D) and 3‐dimensional (3D) distinct element methods (DEM). The DEM is a numerical analysis technique in which positions of elements are calculated by solving equations of motion step by step. Both individual and group behavior can be simulated. The structure is modeled as an assembly of distinct elements connected by virtual springs and dashpots where elements come into contact. A timber‐frame house with simple structural elements; beams, columns, floors, and a roof, was modeled. Injury to human bodies also was considered. Human bodies modeled as circles (2D) or rectangular parallelepipeds (3D) were placed on its floors. The maximum impact acceleration on the human body during an earthquake was calculated. Injury to humans in houses was assessed by the Chest‐G index and Head Injury Criteria (HIC) widely used in automobile engineering. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancient transpacific voyaging to the new world via Pleistocene South Pacific Islands
Authors: Wyatt Steve 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHow humans first arrived in America remains a mystery. Although the Beringian and coastal options have been discussed in detail, a transpacific route from the Old World to the New World via the islands of Oceania has been essentially ignored. Of the many factors involved in completing such a voyage, besides an adequate watercraft, landfall frequency and prevailing winds and currents were most important. A chain of islands in the landless eastern South Pacific, with its consequent and possibly favorable modifications of regional sea surface currents, would have been particularly beneficial to eastbound mariners. Comparing present‐day bathymetry with estimated late Pleistocene glacially induced sea level fluctuations suggests that latent islands may actually exist, especially when the effects of other geological phenomena are also considered. If exposed during the last glacial maximum (LGM), such a chain of islands could have provided facilitating layover points for ancient eastbound seafaring explorers, thus making a transpacific journey more plausible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pliocene clays from Aegina (Greece): Reference material for chemical provenance studies on bronze age pottery from the Island
Authors: Hein Anno , Mommsen Hans , Zender Guido 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNormally, the use of clays as reference materials in chemical provenance studies of ancient ceramics is complicated due to the original clay paste processing. The primary mixing and/or refining of raw materials during pottery production makes a straightforward comparison of archaeological ceramics with extant geological materials difficult if not impossible in many cases. However, in the case of Pliocene clays from Aegina (Greece), which were examined chemically and mineralogically and compared with Bronze Age pottery produced on the island, a successful exception can be presented. The chemical composition of a large group of Aeginetan pottery resembles the chemical composition of clays from a deposit in close vicinity to the main Bronze Age settlement of the island. Clays from specific outcrops exhibit considerable chemical and mineralogical homogeneity, and the suitability of those clays for pottery production apparently made substantial clay paste processing unnecessary. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cannabinoid signaling in glial cells
Authors: Stella Nephi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cannabinoid signaling system is composed of cannabinoid (CB) receptors, their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, and the enzymes that produce and inactivate them. It is well known that neurons communicate between each other through this signaling system. Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive compound of marijuana, interacts with CB receptors, impinging on this communication and inducing profound behavioral effects such as memory impairment and analgesia. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells also express components of the cannabinoid signaling system and marijuana‐derived compounds act at CB receptors expressed by glial cells, affecting their functions. This review summarizes this evidence, discusses how glial cells might use the cannabinoid signaling system to communicate with neighboring cells, and argues that nonpsychotropic cannabinoids, both marijuana‐derived and synthetic, likely constitute lead compounds for therapy aimed at reducing acute and chronic neuroinflammation, such as occurs in multiple sclerosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase and production of quinolinic acid by human microglia, astrocytes, and neurons
Authors: Guillemin Gilles J. , Smythe George , Takikawa Osamu , Brew Bruce J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThere is good evidence that the kynurenine pathway (KP) and one of its end products, quinolinic acid (QUIN) play a role in the pathogenesis of several major neurological diseases. While QUIN has been shown to be produced in neurotoxic concentrations by macrophages and microglia, the capacity of astrocytes and neurons to produce QUIN is controversial. Using interferon gamma (IFN‐γ)‐stimulated primary cultures of human mixed brain cells, we assayed expression of the KP regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and QUIN production by immunocytochemistry. Using IFN‐γ‐stimulated purified cultures of neurons, astrocytes, microglia and macrophages, we studied IDO expression by RT‐PCR and production of QUIN using mass spectrometry. We found that astrocytes, neurons, and microglia expressed IDO but only microglia were able to produce detectable amounts of QUIN. However, astrocytes and neurons had the ability to catabolize QUIN. This study also provides the first evidence of IDO expression and lack of production of QUIN in culture of primary human neurons. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The efficiency of a carbamazepine–mianserin combination scheme in opiate detoxification
Authors: Zullino Daniele F. , Krenz Sonia , Favrat Bernard , Zimmermann Grégoire , Bertschy Gilles , Besson Jacques 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA recent comparative randomized double‐blind study has suggested the utility of a carbamazepine/mianserin combination as a treatment for opiate withdrawal. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility and efficiency of this combination under naturalistic conditions. Five hundred and fifty mostly polysubstance abusing patients treated with a standardized scheme combining carbamazepine and mianserin were assessed with regard to deviations to the protocol, used comedications and retention in treatment.Three hundred and sixty three patients (66.0%) received the carbamazepine/mianserin combination as specified by the standardized protocol. In 350 patients (63.7%) the whole 10 days was completed. The most frequently used p.r.n. medications were for anxiety (47.5%) and insomnia (54.5%).The treatment of opiate withdrawal with a carbamazepine/mianserin combination scheme in an inpatient setting seems to be feasible and applicable with few adaptations to most patients, and may represent an interesting treatment option for multidrug users.. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chondrocyte protein with a poly‐proline region (CHPPR) is a novel mitochondrial protein and promotes mitochondrial fission
Authors: Tonachini Laura , Monticone Massimiliano , Puri Claudia , Tacchetti Carlo , Pinton Paolo , Rizzuto Rosario , Cancedda Ranieri , Tavella Sara , Castagnola Patrizio 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe have recently identified a chondrocyte protein with a poly‐proline region, referred to as CHPPR, and showed that this protein is expressed intracellularly in chick embryo chondrocytes. Conventional fluorescence and confocal localization of CHPPR shows that CHPPR is sorted to mitochondria. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopy of CHPPR transfected cells demonstrates that this protein is mostly associated with the mitochondrial inner membranes. Careful analysis of CHPPR expressing cells reveals, instead of the regular mitochondrial tubular network, the presence of a number of small spheroid mitochondria. Here we show that the domain responsible for network–spheroid transition spans amino acid residues 182–309 including the poly‐proline region. Functional analyses of mitochondrial activity rule out the possibility of mitochondrial damage in CHPPR transfected cells. Since cartilage expresses high levels of CHPPR mRNA when compared to other tissues and because CHPPR is associated with late stages of chondrocyte differentiation, we have investigated mitochondrial morphology in hypertrophic chondrocytes by MitoTracker Orange labeling. Confocal microscopy shows that these cells have spheroid mitochondria. Our data demonstrate that CHPPR is able to promote mitochondrial fission with a sequence specific mechanism suggesting that this event may be relevant to late stage of chondrocyte differentiation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute treatment with MgSO4 attenuates long‐term hippocampal tissue loss after brain trauma in the rat
Authors: Browne Kevin D. , Leoni Matthew J. , Iwata Akira , Chen Xiao‐Han , Smith Douglas H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that magnesium salts and the noncompetitive N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, NPS 1506, attenuated short‐term cognitive deficits and histopathological changes associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We evaluated the long‐term effects of both therapies after brain trauma. Young adult rats were subjected to parasagittal fluid‐percussion brain injury and received either MgSO4 (125 μmol/400 g rat; n = 12) 15 min post‐injury, NPS 1506 (1.15 mg/kg; n = 12) 15 min and 4 hr post‐injury, or vehicle (n = 9) 15 min post‐injury. Uninjured animals (sham) received vehicle (n = 10). Learning function in these animals was evaluated using a water maze paradigm 8 months after injury or sham treatment, and the brains were examined for cortical and hippocampal tissue loss. Compared to sham animals, injured vehicle‐treated animals displayed a substantial learning dysfunction, indicated by an increased latency to find a hidden platform in the water maze (P < 0.001). No improvements in learning, however, were found for injured animals treated with NPS 1506 or MgSO4. Injury induced >30% loss of tissue in the ipsilateral cortex in vehicle‐treated animals that was not reduced in animals treated with either NPS 1506 or MgSO4. Treatment with MgSO4 significantly reduced progressive tissue loss in the hippocampus (P < 0.001). These findings are the first to demonstrate long‐term neuroprotection of hippocampal tissue by an acute treatment in a TBI model. These data also show that the previously reported broad efficacy of MgSO4 or NPS 1506 observed shortly after brain trauma could not be detected 8 months post‐injury. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why should I be generous when I have valued and accessible alternatives? Alternative exchange partners and OCB
Authors: Thau Stefan , Bennett Rebecca J. , Stahlberg Dagmar , Werner Jon M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Journal of Organizational Behavior 26(7) 2005, 873. Previous research on the relationship between alternative employment opportunities and cooperation has neglected the distinction between evaluations and restrictions. Thus, one cannot analyze the relationship between attractiveness of alternative employment opportunities and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) under different levels of perceived ease of finding alternative employment. In a pilot study with N = 149 German employees, we confirm the proposed distinction with confirmatory factor analyses. Based on power‐dependence theory and rational choice models, we predict that under high ease the relationship between attractiveness and OCB should be more strongly negative than under conditions of low ease. In addition, we hypothesize that the interaction between attractiveness and ease should be greater for OCB than for task performance because task performance is exchanged in a relationship with an enforceable, binding contract, while OCB is voluntarily. Results from moderated multiple regression analysis on N = 86 German professional–supervisor dyads support our prediction for a negative relationship between attractiveness and OCB under high ease. Under low ease, we find a positive relationship between attractiveness and OCB. Moreover, there was no relationship with the interaction and task performance. Implications of the findings both for extra‐role and job mobility theory formation and research are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive effects of impression management and organizational politics on job performance
Authors: Zivnuska Suzanne , Kacmar K. Michele , Witt L. A. , Carlson Dawn S. , Bratton Virginia K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to explore the interactive effect of organizational politics and impression management on supervisor ratings of employee performance. We hypothesized that the negative relationship between organizational politics and supervisor‐rated performance is weaker among employees who are high in impression management than among those low in impression management. Data were collected from a matched sample of 112 white‐collar employees and their supervisors. Results indicated that the interaction of organizational politics and impression management explained a significant incremental amount of variance in supervisor ratings of employee performance. These findings demonstrated that the extent to which an individual engaged in impression management in a non‐political atmosphere may have been a key component to receiving favorable performance ratings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Biosci. 7/2004
Authors: Chan‐Park Mary B. , Zhu Ai P. , Shen Jin Y. , Fan Ai L. 
Published: July 2004

Cover: The picture on the cover presents the high aspect ratio microstructures (100 m high‐ 10 m wide‐ wall) made by photolithography using biodegradable diacrylated PCL‐b‐PEO‐b‐PCL triblock copolymer. The triblock copolymers were prepared in molecular weights of a few kilodaltons via the anionic ring‐opening polymerization. And such micro‐patterned scaffold will find many applications in tissue engineering.Further details can be found in the full paper by M. B. Chan‐Park*, A. P. Zhu, J. Y. Shen, A. L. Fan on page 665.
UV‐Induced Cross‐Linking of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Doycheva Maria , Petrova Elissaveta , Stamenova Rayna , Tsvetanov Christo , Riess Gerard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: Hydrogels of high‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) have been obtained in situ by applying a very simple procedure that involves UV cross‐linking of PEO in aqueous solution. The efficiency of the photoactivated cross‐linking of thin layers of PEO in aqueous solution in the presence of (4‐benzoylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride as a photoinitiator has been determined at room temperature and in a frozen state (−25 °C). It was found that the efficiency varies with the concentration of PEO solution, the molecular weight of PEO, and especially with the temperature. When the UV cross‐linking was performed in the frozen state, porous hydrogels with very high yield of gel fraction (above 90%) and high cross‐linking density were obtained. After drying the hydrogels, films of 50–150 μm thickness were prepared. The films swell extremely fast in water and act as asymmetric membranes.SEM of a dried PEO hydrogel obtained by UV cross‐linking of an aqueous solution at room temperature.magnified imageSEM of a dried PEO hydrogel obtained by UV cross‐linking of an aqueous solution at room temperature.
Potential theoretic methods for the hyperbolic Maxwell system in rough cylinders
Authors: Mitrea Dorina 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the solvability of the hyperbolic Maxwell system in Lipschitz cylinders via integral methods. By means of the Laplace transform, the original hyperbolic Maxwell system is reduced to a family of stationary Maxwell equations indexed by ω, the Laplace variable. The crux of the matter is establishing how all relevant constants in the main estimates for this family of Maxwell equations depend on ω. Among other things, appropriate norms and weighted Sobolev spaces are considered so that the integral equation method works. The solution is expressed in terms of retarded potentials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C spectral assignment of 2(1H)‐pyridone derivatives
Authors: Molero Dolores , Suárez Margarita , Martínez‐Álvarez Roberto , Verdecia Yamila , Martín Nazario , Seoane Carlos , Ochoa Estael 
Published: July 2004

Abstract1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for 4‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐2(1H)pyridone derivatives were fully assigned by a combination of one‐ and two‐ dimensional experiments (DEPT, HMBC, HMQC, COSY, NOE). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments for two new monodesmoside saponins from Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze
Authors: Viana Francisco Arnaldo , Pouliquen Yvone Brígido M. , Andrade‐Neto Manoel , Santiago Gilvandete Maria P. , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia L. , Rodrigues‐Filho Edson , Braz‐Filho Raimundo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA detailed NMR study and full assignments of the 1H and 13C spectral data for two novel triterpenoid saponins isolated from the stem bark of Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze are described. Their structures were established using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques including 1H,1H‐COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, gs‐HMQC and gs‐HMBC, and also electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical methods. The structures were established as 3β‐O‐{[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)]}‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosylhederagenin (1) and 3β‐O‐{[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)]}‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyloleanolic acid (2). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Target tissue influences the peripheral trajectory of mouse primary sensory olfactory axons
Authors: Storan Melonie J. , Key Brian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPrimary olfactory neurons situated in the nasal septum project axons within fascicles along a highly stereotypical trajectory en route to the olfactory bulb. The ventral fascicles make a distinct dorsovental turn at the rear of the septum so as to reach the olfactory bulb. In the present study we have used a brain and nasal septum coculture system to examine the role of target tissue on the peripheral trajectory of olfactory sensory axons. In cultures of isolated embryonic nasal septa, olfactory axons form numerous parallel fascicles that project caudally in the submucosa, as they do in vivo. The ventral axon fascicles in the septum, however, often fail to turn, and do not project dorsally towards the roof of the nasal cavity. The presence of olfactory bulb, cortical, or tectal tissue apposed to the caudal end of the septum rescued this phenotype, causing the ventral fascicles to follow a normal in vivo‐like trajectory. Ectopic placements of the explants revealed that brain tissue is not tropic for olfactory axons but appears to maintain the peripheral trajectory of growing axons in the nasal septum. Although primary olfactory axons are able to penetrate into olfactory bulb in vitro, they only superficially enter cortical tissue, whereas they do not grow into tectal explants. The ability of axons to differentially grow into different brain regions was shown to be unrelated to the migratory behavior of olfactory ensheathing cells, indicating that olfactory axons are directly responsive to guidance cues in the brain. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2004