bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Hypertension and Diabetes Control and COVID‐19 Severity: National Patient‐Centered Clinical Research Network, United States, March 2020 to February 2022
Authors: Jackson Sandra L. , Woodruff Rebecca C. , Nagavedu Kshema , Fearrington Julia , Rolka Deborah B. , Twentyman Evelyn , Carton Thomas W. , Puro Jon , Denson Joshua L. , Kappelman Michael D. , Paranjape Anuradha , Thacker Deepika , Weiner Mark G. , Goodman Alyson B. , Lekiachvili Akaki , Boehmer Tegan K. , Block Jason P. , Ahmad Faraz S. , Blecker Saul , Bunnell H. Timothy , Chang Bernard P. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Christakis Dimitri A. , Cowell Lindsay G. , Curtis Janis L. , Fort Daniel , Hanauer David A , Hess Rachel , Horne Benjamin D. , Giordano Philip , Hogan William , Hwang Wenke , Lehmann Harold , Mayer Kenneth H. , Mosa Abu Saleh Mohammad , McClay James C. , Nandhakumar Samyuktha , Nolan Bridget , Obeid Jihad S. , Ostasiewski Brian , Pajor Nathan M. , Patel Lav , Rao Suchitra , Robinson Patricia S. , Silverstein Jonathan C. , Stoddard Alexander , Trick William E. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Hypertension and diabetes are associated with increased COVID‐19 severity. The association between level of control of these conditions and COVID‐19 severity is less well understood.

Methods and Results
This retrospective cohort study identified adults with COVID‐19, March 2020 to February 2022, in 43 US health systems in the National Patient‐Centered Clinical Research Network. Hypertension control was categorized as blood pressure (BP) <130/80, 130 to 139/80 to 89, 140 to 159/90 to 99, or ≥160/100 mm Hg, and diabetes control as glycated hemoglobin <7%, 7% to <9%, ≥9%. Adjusted, pooled logistic regression assessed associations between hypertension and diabetes control and severe COVID‐19 outcomes. Among 1 494 837 adults with COVID‐19, 43% had hypertension and 12% had diabetes. Among patients with hypertension, the highest baseline BP was associated with greater odds of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.23–1.37] for BP ≥160/100 versus BP <130/80), critical care (aOR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.21–1.40]), and mechanical ventilation (aOR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.17–1.50]) but not mortality (aOR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.98–1.12]). Among patients with diabetes, the highest glycated hemoglobin was associated with greater odds of hospitalization (aOR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.47–1.76] for glycated hemoglobin ≥9% versus <7%), critical care (aOR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.31–1.54]), mechanical ventilation (aOR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.02–1.23]), and mortality (aOR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.09–1.27]). Black and Hispanic adults were more likely than White adults to experience severe COVID‐19 outcomes, independent of comorbidity score and control of hypertension or diabetes.

Conclusions
Among 1.5 million patients with COVID‐19, higher BP and glycated hemoglobin were associated with more severe COVID‐19 outcomes. Findings suggest that adults with poorest control of hypertension or diabetes might benefit from efforts to prevent and initiate early treatment of COVID‐19.
Effect of Menopause Status on Brain Perfusion Hemodynamics
Authors: Guo Wei , Wang Xiuzhu , Chen Yinzhong , Wang Feng , Qiu Jianfeng , Lu Weizhao 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The menopause transition is associated with an increasing risk of cerebrovascular disorders. However, the direct effect of menopause status on brain perfusion hemodynamics remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of menopause status on cerebral blood flow (CBF) using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.

METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study, 185 subjects underwent arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging at a hospital in China between September 2020 and December 2022, including 38 premenopausal women (mean age, 47.74±2.02 years), 42 perimenopausal women (mean age, 50.62±3.15 years), 42 postmenopausal women (mean age, 54.02±4.09 years), and 63 men (mean age, 52.70±4.33 years) of a similar age range. Mean CBF values in the whole brain, gray matter, white matter, cortical gray matter, subcortical gray matter, juxtacortical white matter, deep white matter, and periventricular white matter were extracted. ANCOVA was used to compare mean CBF among the 4 groups, controlling for confounding factors. Student
t
test was applied to compare mean CBF between the 3 female groups and age-matched males, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis was used to analysis the effect of age, sex, and menopause status on the CBF of the whole brain, gray matter, white matter, and subregions.

RESULTS:

Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women showed a higher proportion of white matter hyperintensities compared with the other 2 groups (
P
<0.001). Premenopausal women exhibited higher CBF in the whole brain, gray matter, white matter, and subregions, compared with perimenopausal, postmenopausal women and men (
P
≤0.001). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated significant effect of age and insignificant effect of sex on CBF for all participants. In addition, menopause status and the interaction between age and menopause status on CBF of whole brain, gray matter, white matter, and the subregions were observed in female participants, except for the deep and periventricular white matter regions, with premenopausal women exhibited a slight increase in CBF with age, while perimenopausal and postmenopausal women exhibited declines in CBF with age.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current findings suggest that alterations of brain perfusion hemodynamics begin during the perimenopause period, which may be due to the increased burden of white matter hyperintensities.
A Metaphysical Foundation for Religious Thinking in Public? On Sharing Reason with Afro-protestant Thought
Authors: Crump Julius 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article examines metaphysics as a method for religious thinking in public. Such a method invites criticism because 1) no one institution or population group can determine how well others use reason and 2) religious justifications for optimal reason-sharing emanate from privileged institutions. Reason is worth using and sharing when traditions share limit-questions. On what basis had the determination – that some use and share reason better than others – seemed plausible? Some scholars base their determination on appeals to metaphysics. The first part of this article introduces public theology’s origins in American civil religious discourse. The second part examines a foundational method for public reason. These parts establish a relationship between a description of public theology and an examination of its use of reason in David Tracy’s methodological justification of metaphysics. The third part shows how Afro-protestant thought mediates public and emancipatory reason by asking whose inquiry liberates and why.
Rethinking Jung’s Reception of Kant and the Naturphilosophen
Authors: Clark Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this essay I reassess the scholarship on Jung’s reception of Kant and the influence of German biology and the Naturphilopshen on his thinking. In the extant literature on Jung and Kant it has been argued that Jung misread Kant. I argue that this position is based on a limited understanding of Kant’s work, one which fails to consider Kant’s theories on the affect-based nature of aesthetic experience as outlined in Critique of Judgment (1790). I also explore connections between the Naturphilopshen, Jung and contemporary developmental evolutionary biology. This approach will enable me to reconsider German biology from Kant to Jung in the context of contemporary evolutionary and cognitive science. More specifically, I look at how forms of minimal phenomenal experience, in which the spatiotemporal structures of consciousness are annulled, can help us develop a new approach to analytical psychology and altered states of consciousness grounded in contemporary evolutionary science.
Diversity of medium and large-sized mammal species in Chilimo Forest, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Tamenut 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Investigating species distribution and diversity patterns is vital for conservation efforts in biodiversity-rich countries such as Ethiopia. The present study examined the diversity of medium and large-sized mammal species in the Chilimo forest, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. It was conducted from January 2022 to October 2022 by stratifying the study area into three habitat types: natural forest, plantation, and human-modified forest. A fixed-width line transect sampling method was used to collect the mammalian data. A total of 14 medium and large mammal species belonging to 11 families and six orders, were recorded in the forest during the study period. Of these, 11 were medium, and 3 were large-sized mammals. The Olive Baboon (Papio anubis) was the most abundant mammal species, accounting for 41.7 % of the total abundance. The abundance of medium and large-sized mammals varied significantly among the three habitat types (Species × Habitat; Chi-square test of independence; χ2 = 163.385, df = 26, p < 0.001) and between the wet and dry seasons (Species × Season; Chi-square test of independence; χ2 = 43.753, df = 13, p < 0.001). During the dry season, species diversity was the highest in the natural forest and plantation habitat (H’ = 1.76 in both). The natural forest also supported the highest species diversity during the wet season (H’ = 1.57), followed by the plantation and human-modified habitats (H’ = 1.54 in both). An 88% similarity in species composition was observed between the natural and human-modified forests. The occurrence of 14 species of medium and large-sized mammals in the study area calls for immediate conservation actions in collaboration with respective stakeholders to protect the area’s biodiversity.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Feline Strays in the Venice Area (2020–2022) in the Experience of Cat Rescue Organization Volunteers
Authors: De Langes Marilena , Normando Simona 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This short communication introduces the reader to challenges faced by a cat rescue organization (Dingo-Venezia ONLUS) operating in the Venice area during and after the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The area around Venice houses more than 1,500 cat colonies, in the mainland and in a number of densely inhabited isles. During COVID-19 restrictions, providing for animals was recognized as a legitimate cause to circulate, but there was uncertainty about the procedure to obtain such recognition. Volunteers chose to go and feed the animals nonetheless, even with the risk of incurring legal consequences. During restrictions, there was an increase of cat adoption demands, but also in cat relinquishment, and a general decrease in donations due to the economic crisis. Although not reporting experimentally sourced data, this paper affords the reader an informed insight into the challenges due to COVID-19 restriction, directly from the experience of an established Italian cat rescue organization.
How Well Do CMIP6 Models Simulate Salinity Barrier Layers in the North Indian Ocean?
Authors: Pang Shanshan , Wang Xidong , Vialard Jérôme 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have hypothesized that climatologically thick salinity-stratified barrier layers (BLs) in the north Indian Ocean (NIO) influence the upper ocean heat budget, sea surface temperature (SST), and monsoons. Here, we investigate how state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models simulate the NIO barrier layer thickness (BLT). CMIP6 models generally reproduce the BLT seasonal cycle and spatial distribution, but with shallow November–February (NDJF) biases in regions with thick observed BLT: the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO), Bay of Bengal (BoB), and southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS). We show that the intensity of the CMIP6 equatorial easterly wind bias controls the EEIO shallow isothermal layer depth (ILD) and BLT biases. It also controls the BoB shallow BLT bias, both through the propagation of the EEIO shallow ILD bias into the NIO coastal waveguide and because it is linked to the BoB dry and cold bias through the Bjerknes feedback, hence also controlling the mixed layer depth (MLD) deep bias there. Finally, the SEAS shallow BLT bias is due to a too-deep MLD, in response to subdued monsoonal currents around India, which do not bring enough BoB low-salinity water. The BL insulating effect mentioned in literature does not seem to dominate in CMIP6. Rather, the CMIP6 salinity-related deep MLD biases diminish the BoB cooling rate by winter upward surface heat fluxes, reducing cold SST biases. This suggests that salinity effects alleviate the easterly equatorial wind, cold, and dry BoB biases that develop through the positive Bjerknes feedback loop in CMIP6.
Clinical Profiles and One-Year Outcome in Middle Eastern Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension: Analysis From the Jordan Atrial Fibrillation Study
Authors: Al-kasasbeh Abdullah , Alghzawi Ahmad Abdalmajeed , Jarrah Mohamad , Ababneh Muhannad , Al-Makhamreh Hanna , Shehadeh Joud , Migdadi Afnan , Jum’ah Mohammad , Ahmad Anas , Ja’arah Daria , Al Omary Anwar Y. , Hammoudeh Ayman 
Published: October 2023

Studies on the impact of hypertension (HTN) on the outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Middle East are scarce. The aim of this contemporary multicenter study is to evaluate the effect of the coexisting HTN on the baseline clinical profiles and 1-year prognosis in a cohort of Middle Eastern patients with AF. Consecutive AF patients in 29 hospitals and cardiology clinics were enrolled in the Jordan AF study (May 2019–December 2020). Patients were prospectively followed up for 1 year, and the study had no influence on their treatment, which was at the discretion of the treating physician. We compared clinical features, use of medications, and 1-year prognosis in patients with AF/HTN compared with AF/no HTN. Among 1849 non-valvular AF patients, 76.4% had HTN, with higher prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, and left ventricular hypertrophy in HTN patients. There was a higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk among HTN patients. At 1 year, HTN patients had significantly higher rates of stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) (4.5%), acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (2.4%), rehospitalization (27.9%), and major bleeding events (3.0%) compared with non-HTN patients. In this cohort, the coexistence of HTN was associated with worse baseline clinical profile and 1-year outcomes.
An Eye-Fixation Related Electroencephalography Technique for Predicting Situation Awareness: Implications for Driver State Monitoring Systems
Authors: Yang Jing , Liang Nade , Pitts Brandon J. , Prakah-Asante Kwaku , Curry Reates , Yu Denny 
Published: October 2023

Objective This study developed a fixation-related electroencephalography band power (FRBP) approach for situation awareness (SA) assessment in automated driving. Background Maintaining good SA in Level 3 automated vehicles is crucial to drivers' takeover performance when the automated system fails. A multimodal fusion approach that enables the analysis of the visual behavioral and cognitive processes of SA can facilitate real-time assessment of SA in future driver state monitoring systems. Method Thirty participants performed three simulated automated driving tasks. After each task, the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) was deployed to capture their SA about key elements that could affect their takeover task performance. Participants eye movements and brain activities were recorded. Data on their brain activity after each eye fixation on the key elements were extracted and labeled according to the correctness of the SAGAT. Mixed-effects models were used to identify brain regions that were indicative of SA, and machine learning models for SA assessment were developed based on the identified brain regions. Results Participants’ alpha and theta oscillation at frontal and temporal areas are indicative of SA. In addition, the FRBP technique can be used to predict drivers’ SA with an accuracy of 88% using a neural network model. Conclusion The FRBP technique, which incorporates eye movements and brain activities, can provide more comprehensive evaluation of SA. Findings highlight the potential of utilizing FRBP to monitor drivers’ SA in real-time. Application The proposed framework can be expanded and applied to driver state monitoring systems to measure human SA in real-world driving.
Abnormal heart rate variability and its application in predicting treatment efficacy in patients with chronic migraine: An exploratory study
Authors: Chuang Chun-Hsiang , Li Jhe-Yu , King Jung-Tai , Chen Wei-Ta , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Yen-Feng , Liu Hung-Yu , Hsiao Fu-Jung , Pan Li-Ling Hope , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Lai Kuan-Lin 
Published: October 2023

Aim This study aimed to investigate the extent of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with chronic migraine using heart rate variability analysis. In addition, we explored the potential association between heart rate variability and treatment outcomes in patients receiving preventive treatment. Methods In this cross-sectional and prospective study, we compared heart rate variability profiles in 81 preventive-naïve chronic migraine patients and 58 healthy controls. In addition, treatment responses of patients, who received a 12-week treatment with flunarizine, were assessed in relation to baseline heart rate variability. Results We observed that chronic migraine patients had a reduced heart rate variability, signifying autonomic dysfunction in comparison to healthy controls. Furthermore, patients presenting normal heart rate variability, characterized by a standard deviation exceeding 30 milliseconds in normal-to-normal RR intervals, experienced a superior response to flunarizine treatment. This improvement was exemplified by a significantly larger reduction in monthly headache days for patients with higher heart rate variability compared to those with lower heart rate variability: −9.7 (5.9) vs. −6.2 (6.0) days ( p = .026). Conclusions Autonomic dysfunction occurs in chronic migraine as evaluated by heart rate variability. A preserved function is associated with a better treatment outcome to flunarizine. Trial registration: Neurologic Signatures of Chronic Pain Disorders, NCT02747940. Registered 22 April 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02747940
The genetics and chronobiology of cluster headache
Authors: Belin Andrea Carmine , Barloese Mads Christian 
Published: October 2023

Background/Hypothesis Cluster headache displays uniquely rhythmic patterns in its attack manifestation. This strong chronobiological influence suggests that part of the pathophysiology of cluster headache is distinctly different from migraine and has prompted genetic investigations probing these systems. Methods This is a narrative overview of the cluster headache chronobiological phenotype from the point of view of genetics covering existing knowledge, highlighting the specific challenges in cluster headache and suggesting novel research approaches to overcome these. Results The chronobiological features of cluster headache are a hallmark of the disorder and while discrepancies between study results do exist, the main findings are highly reproducible across populations and time. Particular findings in subgroups indicate that the heritability of the disorder is linked to chronobiological systems. Meanwhile, genetic markers of circadian rhythm genes have been implicated in cluster headache, but with conflicting results. However, in two recently published genome wide association studies two of the identified four loci include genes with an involvement in circadian rhythm, MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase and four and a half LIM domains 5. These findings strengthen the involvement of circadian rhythm in cluster headache pathophysiology. Conclusion/Interpretation Studying chronobiology and genetics in cluster headache presents challenges unique to the disorder. Researchers are overcoming these challenges by pooling various data from different cohorts and performing meta-analyses providing novel insights into a classically enigmatic disorder. Further progress can likely be made by combining deep pheno- and genotyping.
A Relational Approach to the Drivers of Child Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Young Helen , Sulieman Hussein , Krätli Saverio , Osman Abdal Monium 
Published: October 2023

Background: This article presents a new analytical approach to acute malnutrition causal analysis that is different from the orthodox approach in 2 respects. First, it engages with basic causes, that is, beyond the usual focus on individuals and households. Second, it uses a relational view in the causal analysis. The orthodox approach identifies the malnourished and their individual and household characteristics. In contrast, a relational approach explores the ways in which the relationships between people, their livelihoods, and the environment, mediated by systems and institutions, create the underlying drivers associated with acute malnutrition for some, while simultaneously creating better conditions for others. Methods: The article draws on 2 case study communities in West Darfur, Sudan, first considering the Darfur context and the inequitable policies and weakened institutions that have led to ethnic polarization, multilayered conflict, and humanitarian crises. The article explores how this context has played out differently in each community, contrasting their livelihood specializations, conflict-related losses, and livelihood diversification over time. Findings: This analysis shows how the relative vulnerability of some people versus others is strongly influenced by their social, economic, and political relationships, as reflected in their shifting power relations and uneven control over livelihood resources. Conclusions: Shifting the focus to the basic drivers, especially the institutional structures, processes, and relationships, will deepen the causal analysis of child acute malnutrition, make it more meaningful, and provide a new direction for engagement, learning, and action to address the deepening problem of child acute malnutrition.
Nongonococcal tysonitis
Authors: Vallejo-Ruiz María de la Soledad , Sandoval-Garcés Matías , Bru-Gorraiz Francisco-Javier , Martín-Gorgojo Alejandro 
Published: October 2023

Tyson’s glands are sebaceous glands located on each side of the frenulum that communicate with the preputial sac, and their inflammation can be an infrequent complication of urethritis. We describe a rare case that presented with urethral discharge and parafrenular swelling with mucopurulent discharge a week after an unprotected sexual encounter. The patient was empirically treated with 500 mg of ceftriaxone intramuscularly and 100 mg of doxycycline every 12 h for 14 days with symptomatic resolution. The urethral swab culture and the urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, therefore, and given the response to treatment, nongonococcal tysonitis was diagnosed.