bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing the Savanna Through the Trees: Vegetation Structure, Composition and Function Along a Forest‐Savanna Boundary in Cambodia
Authors: Schwartz Naomi , Powers Jennifer S. , Werden Leland K. , Hansen Winslow D. , Chhengngunn Aing , Phem Luch , Fajeau Mia , Phourin Chhang , Kimsrim Seab , Heng Sokh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the seasonally dry landscapes of continental Southeast Asia, deciduous dipterocarp vegetation (DDF) and semi‐evergreen forests (SEF) form patchy landscape mosaics, with abrupt boundaries between them. DDF resembles savanna, with an open canopy and a continuous grassy ground layer, while SEF lacks grass and has high tree cover and a closed canopy. Alternative hypotheses suggest that these distinct vegetation types are alternative stable states maintained by fire‐vegetation feedbacks, that differences in edaphic conditions across landscapes explain their distributions, and/or that DDF are degraded or early successional forests whose distribution is determined by legacies of anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we compare structure, composition, and functional traits of woody vegetation across DDF‐SEF boundaries, and ask whether differences across vegetation types are associated with edaphic factors or fire history. We found major differences in vegetation structure and species composition across DDF and SEF, with few shared species across vegetation types. Dominant DDF tree species were not found in SEF, suggesting that DDF represents a distinct vegetation community, rather than early successional or degraded forest. Compared to SEF species, DDF species had lower specific leaf area and higher bark thickness, a key trait associated with fire tolerance. Soil texture and fertility did not differ across vegetation types. Together, these findings suggest that fire, not edaphic factors, likely is the key driver of vegetation at DDF‐SEF boundaries. Our results further support classifying and managing DDF as savanna. Conserving the unique biodiversity of DDF‐SEF mosaic landscapes will require research to support evidence‐based fire management.
Global Conservation Prioritisation Approach Provides Credible Results at a Regional Scale
Authors: Roswell Michael , Espíndola Anahí 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimConservationists and managers must direct resources and enact measures to protect species, despite uncertainty about their present status. One approach to covering the data gap is borrowing information from data‐rich species or populations to guide decisions about data‐poor ones via machine learning. Recent efforts demonstrated proof‐of‐concept at the global scale, leaving unclear whether similar approaches are feasible at the local and regional scales at which conservation actions most typically occur. To address this gap, we tested a global‐scale predictive approach at a regional scale, using two groups of taxa.LocationState of Maryland, USA.TaxaVascular land plants and lepidopterans.MethodsUsing publicly available occurrence and biogeographic data, we trained random forest classifiers to predict the state‐level conservation status of species in each of the two focal taxa. We assessed model performance with cross‐validation, and explored trends in the predictions.ResultsOur models had strong discriminatory ability, accurately predicting status for species with existing status assessments. They predict that the northwestern part of Maryland, USA, which overlaps the Appalachian Mountains, harbours a higher concentration of unassessed, but likely threatened plants and lepidopterans. Our predictions track known biogeographic patterns, and unassessed species predicted as most likely threatened in Maryland were often recognised as also needing conservation in nearby jurisdictions, providing external validation to our results.Main ConclusionsWe demonstrate that a modelling approach developed for global analysis can be downscaled and credible when applied at a regional scale that is smaller than typical species ranges. We identified select unassessed plant and lepidopteran species, and the western, montane region of Maryland as priority targets for additional monitoring, assessment and conservation. By rapidly aggregating disparate data and integrating information across taxa, models like those we used can complement traditional assessment tools and assist in prioritisation for formal assessments, as well as protection.
The effects of a disability employment quota when compliance is cheaper than defiance
Authors: Krekó Judit , Telegdy Álmos 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper evaluates the effects of the Hungarian disability employment quota, which requires firms over a size threshold to employ individuals with disabilities or pay a non‐compliance tax. In 2010, the tax was raised from very low levels to 170% of the minimum wage cost associated with meeting the quota. We employ a regression discontinuity design on firm‐level data to estimate the effects of the policy and provide a lower‐bound estimate to account for the potential bias resulting from firms bunching below the threshold. Firms respond to the quota by hiring 0.24–0.29 additional workers with disabilities, with a lower bound estimate of 0.12–0.17. However, about two‐thirds of the quota is not fulfilled, which is puzzling as the tax is higher than the minimum wage cost of a worker with disabilities. Our model shows that high hiring costs associated with employing individuals with disabilities might be an important factor behind this anomaly. We test this hypothesis by showing that the effect is weaker in regions with a low share of individuals with disabilities, implying that without adequate policies targeting the removal of supply‐side barriers to the employment of people with disabilities, even strong demand‐side financial incentives cannot achieve their goals.
Trauma‐Induced Stress Distribution in Primary Incisors Restored With Preformed Zirconia Crowns: 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Goyal Ajay , Reshikesh Manjari , Atif Mohammad , Tewari Nitesh , Duggal Isha , Chawla Anoop , Bansal Kalpana , Rahul Morankar , Mathur Vijay , Duggal Ritu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsPreformed zirconia crowns have emerged as the preferred choice for restoring damaged primary incisors. However, they differ from natural teeth in their biophysical properties and can potentially alter the overall response of crowned teeth to a traumatic load. This in silico study aimed to compare the response of three different traumatic loading conditions for the (i) natural (M1) and (ii) zirconia‐restored tooth models (M2) models.MethodologyA 3D dynamic finite element (FE) analysis was performed, and minimum dynamic loads required for fracture and coronal portion disjunction of both tooth models were applied in frontal, oblique, and incisal directions. Stress concentrations, von Mises stresses, fracture patterns, and displacements were compared at different periods of the loading pulse.ResultsThe computed minimum threshold loads resulting in fracture of the natural tooth model were 82 N, 166 N, and 171 N for the frontal, oblique, and incisal impacts, respectively. Fracture of the coronal portion started at 1.8 and 1.68 ms in natural tooth and zirconia‐restored tooth models, respectively. Complete disjunction of coronal and radicular portions occurred earlier in the zirconia‐restored tooth model (2.46 ms) than in the natural tooth model (4.5 ms) for frontal impact. The maximum von Mises stresses causing fracture ranged from 254 to 314 MPa for both models, following assigned element erosion criteria. The zirconia‐restored tooth model did not experience fracture during an oblique impact.ConclusionThe stress concentration patterns were seen to be altered in the zirconia‐restored tooth model. On incisal impact, the permanent tooth germ in the natural tooth model displayed stress concentrations that were not seen in the zirconia‐restored tooth model.
Intelligent Classrooms: How AI and IoT Can Reshape Learning Spaces
Authors: Quevedo Piratova Diego Alexander , Sánchez Duarte Mónica Marcela , Chiappe Andres , Sáez Delgado Fabiola Mabel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis review examines the design and configuration of AI‐powered 21st‐century classrooms to align with modern pedagogical approaches. The objective was to identify the main characteristics of innovative classroom design through a systematic literature review analysing 90 articles from the Scopus database. The SPAR‐4‐SRL protocol guided the selection, organisation and assessment of articles, with analysis conducted using descriptive statistics and topic modelling in AtlasTi. Key findings include (a) determinants like acoustics, lighting, temperature, ventilation and dimensions impact learning; (b) flexible furniture arrangements promote collaboration and active learning over traditional row seating; (c) inclusive designs consider sensory needs of students with disabilities; and (d) technology integration is crucial, including smart boards, cameras and connectivity. This comprehensive synthesis highlights some insights into the effect of the use of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things on the architectural principles and environmental factors that optimise classroom spaces for evolving educational practices. Educators, designers and policymakers can apply these insights to create student‐centred, technology‐enhanced learning environments fostering engagement and inclusivity.
Why Do Teachers Join Informal Groups and How Are They Managed?: A Research on Informal Groups in Schools
Authors: Beyhan Adem , Aydın İnayet 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInformal groups have a significant impact on organisations. It is seen that the researches in the literature are generally conducted on business organisations and informal groups in educational organisations and approaches to managing these groups are not sufficiently discussed. In this study, the identification of informal groups in schools, teachers' reasons for participating in these groups and administrators' management styles of these groups were examined. The study was conducted with the participation of 345 school administrators and 477 teachers working in the central districts of Ankara. The data were collected with ‘Informal Groups List’, ‘Reasons for Participation in Informal Groups Scale’ and ‘Informal Groups Management Style Scale’. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, frequency values were calculated in the analysis of the data; also t‐test, Anova and Pearson Correlation Test were applied. According to the results of the study, the most common informal groups in schools are ‘reference groups’, ‘interest groups’, ‘friendship groups’ and ‘benefit groups’. Teachers generally participate in informal groups in order to ‘sense of belonging’, ‘making friends’, ‘being in solidarity’ and ‘share their feelings’. According to administrators' views, administrators manage informal groups in democratic, autocratic and laissez‐faire styles, respectively, while according to teachers, administrators adopt democratic, laissez‐faire and autocratic management styles, respectively. The findings show that there is a moderate positive relationship between administrators' styles of managing informal groups and teachers' reasons for participating. This study is expected to contribute to the literature by determining the types of informal groups in schools, examining the reasons why teachers participate in these groups, and the management styles of school administrators towards these groups.
Neural Plasticity in Migraine Chronification
Authors: Fila Michal , Derwich Marcin , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Blasiak Janusz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTChronic migraine (CM) is the ultimate and most burdensome form of the transformation from episodic migraine (EM), called chronification. The mechanism behind migraine chronification is poorly known and difficult to explore as CM has the same spectrum of pathogenesis as EM and the EM‐CM transition is bidirectional. Central sensitization (CS) is a key phenomenon in migraine: its mechanisms include disturbed neural plasticity, which is the ability of the nervous system to adapt to endo‐ and exogenous changes. Cutaneous allodynia, a maker of central sensitization, may be an easy‐to‐determine marker of the EM‐CM transition. Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide, a pro‐inflammatory, vasodilatory and pain‐producing neuropeptide, which has been proposed as an alternative to CGRP target in migraine, was shown to improve CS by regulating synaptic plasticity in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in CM rats. Oxytocin and its receptor were found to influence CS through modulating synaptic plasticity in CM mice. Similar results were obtained for ephrin type‐B receptor and its ligands. These and other studies suggest that neural plasticity may be important in CM pathogenesis. Still, its involvement in migraine chronification requires further studies which should include patients/animals with EM and CM. In this narrative/hypothesis paper, we review the current literature on the molecular mechanisms of CM pathogenesis and try to link them with neural plasticity and central sensitization to support the hypothesis that it is a key element in migraine chronification.
Rejunctive Moves Toward Systemic Healing: A Contextual Family Therapy Approach to Father’s Absence
Authors: Nleko Gift , Gutierrez Nicole Sabatini 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe phenomena of father’s absence and the disruption of a family unit due to social justice issues like incarceration and mental health/substance misuse challenges are widely documented, and their effects on the whole family are well established in the literature. This paper specifically examines how systemic inequities like racism contribute to destructive entitlements that can occur transgenerationally within families affected by father’s absence. The consideration of racial trauma is crucial, as father’s absence and family disruption are not limited to any one racial or ethnic group, but the effects are often exacerbated for families of color due to the intersecting impacts of systemic racism. This paper highlights contextual family therapy (CFT) concepts, such as multidirected partiality, destructive entitlements, and exoneration, as they apply to these families within the context of racial trauma. Family therapists using a CFT approach with families impacted by incarceration, mental health, and/or substance misuse should address racial trauma as a key component influencing each family member as well as the family dynamics. A clinical case example is used to demonstrate the application of CFT in supporting rejunctive moves toward healing parent– and adult–child relationships within these resilient families.
Comparative Economic Analysis Between Bioenergy and Forage Types of Switchgrass for Sustainable Biofuel Feedstock Production: A Data Envelopment Analysis and Cost–Benefit Analysis Approach
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Umer , Archer David , Wasonga Daniel , Namoi Nictor , Boe Arvid , Mitchell Rob , Heaton Emily , Khanna Madhu , Lee DoKyoung 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe capacity to produce switchgrass efficiently and cost‐effectively across diverse environments can be pivotal in achieving the short‐ and medium‐term Sustainable Aviation Fuel targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy. This study evaluated the economic performance of forage‐ and bioenergy‐type switchgrass cultivars and their response to N fertilization under diverse marginal environments across the US Midwest that included Illinois (IL), Iowa (IA), Nebraska (NE), and South Dakota (SD). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the efficiency of 23 Decision‐Making Units (DMUs)—cultivar types and N fertilization rate combinations—while a cost–benefit analysis calculated their profitability over 5 years. Results showed that two energy‐type cultivars—“Independence” and “Liberty”—were superior economically to the forage cultivars. Independence performed best with the highest profit margin when fertilized at 56 kg N ha−1, particularly in the US hardiness zone 6a (Urbana, IL). Liberty exhibited the highest profit margins in hardiness zone 5b (Madrid, IA, and Ithaca, NE) at 56 kg N ha−1 and showed exceptional profitability with 28 kg N ha−1 in hardiness zone 6b (Brighton, IL). Switchgrass cultivar “Carthage” showed better efficiency score and profitability results in hardiness zone 4b (South Shore, SD) at 56 kg N ha−1. The profit trends observed in current study sites may indicate broader patterns across similar US hardiness zones. This study provides valuable insights for decision‐makers to optimize input strategies for biomass production of bioenergy switchgrass to meet renewable energy demands.
Fighting Aging With Creation: The Sense of Feeling Old Enhances Young Consumers' Desire for Experiential Creation Consumption
Authors: Sun Zhaoyang , Chen Siyun , Wang Kun , Yuan Mengchan , Hou Yubo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExtensive research has examined the implications of the Sense of Feeling Old (SOFO) among older adults, revealing that it often diminishes their consumption of innovative or novel products. However, recent studies indicate that SOFO is not exclusive to the elderly; young people also encounter this phenomenon when exposed to aging‐related cues. Despite this, the influence of SOFO on young people's consumption behavior remains underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how SOFO influences young people's experiential creation consumption. Through five experimental studies across diverse cultural settings, we demonstrate that SOFO heightens young people's openness to learning, which subsequently enhances their preference for experiential creation. However, these effects are moderated by contingent self‐worth of youthfulness and perceived attainability of youthfulness, with individuals exhibiting low levels in these dimensions showing attenuated responses. Beyond contributing to the literature on SOFO and experiential creation consumption, this research offers practical insights for marketers, suggesting that inducing SOFO can be an effective strategy for promoting experiential creation consumption among young people.
Maternal Emotional Availability Supports Child Communicative Development Regardless of Child Temperament—Findings From the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Ollas‐Skogster Denise , Korja Riikka , Yada Akie , Mainela‐Arnold Elina , Karlsson Hasse , Bridgett David J. , Rautakoski Pirkko , Karlsson Linnea , Nolvi Saara 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe interplay of emotional availability (EA) and child temperament in association with early language development is understudied. We explored associations between maternal EA and infant communicative development and possible moderations by child temperament. Participants were 151 mother‐child dyads from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Path models of associations between 8‐month maternal EA and 14‐month communicative development and moderation by infant temperament traits were created using SEM. Results show that EA positively predicted a latent variable of communicative development at 14 months. No direct longitudinal effect of EA on 30‐month vocabulary was found. Child surgency/extraversion at 6 and 12 months significantly predicted 14‐month communicative skills. Temperament did not moderate the association between EA and communicative development. Findings underscore the additive role of maternal caregiving and early surgency/extraversion in predicting early communicative development. The emotional aspects of parenting should be acknowledged as contributors to early communicative development in future studies.
Does Instructors' and Students' On‐Camera Presence Enhance Learning?
Authors: Xiaxia Jiang , Yahong Li , Ziyi Kuang , Jiajun Yu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVideo conferencing technology has moved online education into a new stage of real‐time video interaction. However, shortcomings such as students' lack of concentration and substantive engagement during video conferencing greatly limit the improvement of online learning effectiveness. According to social presence theory and the community of inquiry model, the on‐camera presence of instructors and students may effectively enhance the learning outcomes in video conferencing.ObjectiveThe effects of instructors' and students' on‐camera presence on social presence, learning satisfaction and learning performance in video conferencing were investigated.MethodsWe selected 244 university students as participants and employed a between‐subject experimental design with two levels of instructors' camera (on/off) and two levels of students' camera (on/off).Results and Conclusions(1) Learning performance was better when students turned on their cameras compared to when they did not. (2) The level of social presence was higher when students turned on their cameras than when they did not. The interaction effect between instructors' and students' camera use was significant, indicating that when instructors turned off their cameras, students' social presence was higher when they themselves turned on their cameras compared to when they did not. However, when instructors turned on their cameras, students' use of cameras did not significantly impact social presence. (3) Learning satisfaction was higher under the condition where students turned on their cameras compared to when they turned them off. It is recommended that students appear on camera during video conferencing, as this can increase social presence and learning satisfaction, ultimately improving their learning performance.
Effects of In Vivo Contact Force on Pulsed‐Field Ablation Efficacy in Porcine Ventricles
Authors: Koya Taro , Otsuka Naoto , Tri Jason A. , Ying Yang , Espinoza Elyana , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Nguyen Duy T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPulsed‐field ablation (PFA) is an innovative non‐thermal method for arrhythmia treatment. The efficacy of various PFA configurations in relation to contact force (CF) has not been well‐studied in vivo.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effect of CF on acute bipolar PFA lesions in both a vegetal and an in vivo porcine heart model.MethodsBipolar PFA (500 V, 20 μs for 50 pulses) was applied to eight porcine ventricles, with CF categorized as standard (5–15 g), high (16–30 g), or very high (> 30 g) using the CARTO 3 system. PFA lesions were assessed by gross pathology, histology, and post‐ablation voltage amplitude. Additionally, a vegetal model using oscillating russet potatoes replicated the motion of a beating heart to compare lesion parameters under dynamic conditions and various PFA configurations (monopolar vs. bipolar).ResultsA total of 61 in vivo bipolar PFA lesions across all groups were analyzed. No significant differences in lesion surface diameter, depth, or volume were found among CF groups. In the vegetal model, monopolar setting had a better correlation between CF and lesion depth compared to bipolar setting. In addition, oscillations and catheter position (perpendicular or parallel) significantly affected lesion dimensions.ConclusionIncreasing CF has a minimal effect on the size of acute bipolar PFA lesions in the porcine ventricle, suggesting that, for bipolar PFA, adequate CF is more critical than its intensity in a beating heart. For monopolar PFA, greater CF can impact lesion depth.