bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of multiple-finding segmentation utilizing Mask R-CNN-based deep learning in a rat model of drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Baek Eun Bok , Lee Jaeku , Hwang Ji-Hee , Park Heejin , Lee Byoung-Seok , Kim Yong-Bum , Jun Sang-Yeop , Her Jun , Son Hwa-Young , Cho Jae-Woo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents significant diagnostic challenges, and recently artificial intelligence-based deep learning technology has been used to predict various hepatic findings. In this study, we trained a set of Mask R-CNN-based deep algorithms to learn and quantify typical toxicant induced-histopathological lesions, portal area, and connective tissue in Sprague Dawley rats. We compared a set of single-finding models (SFMs) and a combined multiple-finding model (MFM) for their ability to simultaneously detect, classify, and quantify multiple hepatic findings on rat liver slide images. All of the SFMs yielded mean average precision (mAP) values above 85%, suggesting that the models had been successfully established. The MFM showed better performance than the SFMs, with a total mAP value of 92.46%. We compared the model predictions for slide images with ground-truth annotations generated by an accredited pathologist. For the MFM, the overall and individual finding predictions were highly correlated with the annotated areas, with R-squared values of 0.852, 0.952, 0.999, 0.990, and 0.958 being obtained for portal area, infiltration, necrosis, vacuolation, and connective tissue (including fibrosis), respectively. Our results indicate that the proposed MFM could be a useful tool for detecting and predicting multiple hepatic findings in basic non-clinical study settings.
A new type of convergent paired electrochemical synthesis of sulfonamides under green and catalyst-free conditions
Authors: Patoghi Pouria , Sadatnabi Ali , Nematollahi Davood 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur main goal in this work is to synthesize valuable sulfonamide compounds according to the principles of green chemistry and also to present a unique convergent paired mechanism for their synthesis. In this study, we introduced a new type of convergent paired electro-organic synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives via a catalyst, oxidant, halogen and amine-free method. In this research, instead of using toxic amine compounds, an innovative mechanism based on the reduction of nitro compounds and in-situ production of amine compounds was used. The mechanism of electrophile generation is the cathodic reduction of the nitro compound to the hydroxylamine compound and then the anodic oxidation of the hydroxylamine to the nitroso compound. On the other hand, the nucleophile generation mechanism involves the two-electron oxidation of sulfonyl hydrazide to related sulfinic acid at the anode surface. The reaction leading to the synthesis of sulfonamides involves a one-pot reaction of the generated nitroso compound with the produced sulfinic compound.
DeepQuality improves infant retinopathy screening
Authors: Li Longhui , Lin Duoru , Lin Zhenzhe , Li Mingyuan , Lian Zhangkai , Zhao Lanqin , Wu Xiaohang , Liu Lixue , Liu Jiali , Wei Xiaoyue , Luo Mingjie , Zeng Danqi , Yan Anqi , Iao Wai Cheng , Shang Yuanjun , Xu Fabao , Xiang Wei , He Muchen , Fu Zhe , Wang Xueyu , Deng Yaru , Fan Xinyan , Ye Zhijun , Wei Meirong , Zhang Jianping , Liu Baohai , Li Jianqiao , Ding Xiaoyan , Lin Haotian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImage quality variation is a prominent cause of performance degradation for intelligent disease diagnostic models in clinical applications. Image quality issues are particularly prominent in infantile fundus photography due to poor patient cooperation, which poses a high risk of misdiagnosis. Here, we developed a deep learning-based image quality assessment and enhancement system (DeepQuality) for infantile fundus images to improve infant retinopathy screening. DeepQuality can accurately detect various quality defects concerning integrity, illumination, and clarity with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.933 to 0.995. It can also comprehensively score the overall quality of each fundus photograph. By analyzing 2,015,758 infantile fundus photographs from real-world settings using DeepQuality, we found that 58.3% of them had varying degrees of quality defects, and large variations were observed among different regions and categories of hospitals. Additionally, DeepQuality provides quality enhancement based on the results of quality assessment. After quality enhancement, the performance of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis of clinicians was significantly improved. Moreover, the integration of DeepQuality and AI diagnostic models can effectively improve the model performance for detecting ROP. This study may be an important reference for the future development of other image-based intelligent disease screening systems.
Talaromyces marneffei suppresses macrophage inflammation by regulating host alternative splicing
Authors: Wei Wudi , Wang Gang , Zhang Hong , Bao Xiuli , An Sanqi , Luo Qiang , He Jinhao , Chen Lixiang , Ning Chuanyi , Lai Jingzhen , Yuan Zongxiang , Chen Rongfeng , Jiang Junjun , Ye Li , Liang Hao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTalaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) immune escape is essential in the pathogenesis of talaromycosis. It is currently known that T. marneffei achieves immune escape through various strategies. However, the role of cellular alternative splicing (AS) in immune escape remains unclear. Here, we depict the AS landscape in macrophages upon T. marneffei infection via high-throughput RNA sequencing and detect a truncated protein of NCOR2 / SMRT, named NCOR2-013, which is significantly upregulated after T. marneffei infection. Mechanistic analysis indicates that NCOR2-013 forms a co-repression complex with TBL1XR1 / TBLR1 and HDAC3, thereby inhibiting JunB-mediated transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the inhibition of histone acetylation. Furthermore, we identify TUT1 as the AS regulator that regulates NCOR2-013 production and promotes T. marneffei immune evasion. Collectively, these findings indicate that T. marneffei escapes macrophage killing through TUT1-mediated alternative splicing of NCOR2 / SMRT, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of T. marneffei immune evasion and potential targets for talaromycosis therapy.
Quantum lattice dynamics and their importance in ternary superhydride clathrates
Authors: Lucrezi Roman , Kogler Eva , Di Cataldo Simone , Aichhorn Markus , Boeri Lilia , Heil Christoph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe quantum nature of the hydrogen lattice in superconducting hydrides can have crucial effects on the material’s properties. Taking a detailed look at the dynamic stability of the recently predicted BaSiH8 phase, we find that the inclusion of anharmonic quantum ionic effects leads to an increase in the critical dynamical pressure to 20 GPa as compared to 5 GPa within the harmonic approximation. We identify the change in the crystal structure due to quantum ionic effects to be the main driving force for this increase and demonstrate that this can already be understood at the harmonic level by considering zero-point energy corrections to the total electronic energy. In fact, the previously determined critical pressure of kinetic stability pkin = 30 GPa still poses a stricter bound for the synthesizability of BaSiH8 and similar hydride materials than the dynamical stability and therefore constitutes a more rigorous and accurate estimate for the experimental realizability of these structures.
Optical driving, spin initialization and readout of single SiV− centers in a Fabry-Perot resonator
Authors: Bayer Gregor , Berghaus Robert , Sachero Selene , Filipovski Andrea B. , Antoniuk Lukas , Lettner Niklas , Waltrich Richard , Klotz Marco , Maier Patrick , Agafonov Viatcheslav , Kubanek Alexander 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Large-scale quantum communication networks require quantum repeaters due to the signal attenuation in optical fibers. Ideal quantum repeater nodes efficiently link a quantum memory with photons serving as flying qubits. Color centers in diamond, particularly the negatively charged silicon vacancy center, are promising candidates to establish such nodes. Inefficient connection between the color center’s spin to the optical fiber networks is a major obstacle, that could be resolved by utilizing optical resonators. Here, we couple individual silicon vacancy centers incorporated in a nanodiamond to a hemispherical, stable Fabry-Perot microcavity, achieving Purcell-factors larger than 1. We demonstrate coherent optical driving between ground and excited state with a Rabi-frequency of 330 MHz, all-optical initialization and readout of the electron spin in magnetic fields of up to 3.2 T. Spin initialization within 67 ns with a 80 % fidelity and a lifetime of 350 ns are reached. Our demonstration opens the way to realize quantum repeater applications.
Replanting unproductive palm oil with smallholder plantations can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Fosch Ariadna , Ferraz de Arruda Guilherme , Aleta Alberto , Descals Adrià , Gaveau David , Morgans Courtney , Santika Truly , Struebig Matthew J. , Meijaard Erik , Moreno Yamir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOil palm (Elaeis guinensis) is a controversial crop. To assess its sustainability, we analysed the contribution of different types of plantations (smallholder, industrial and unproductive) towards meeting six Sustainable Development Goals. Using spatial econometric methods and data from 25,067 villages in Sumatra, Indonesia, we revealed that unproductive plantations are associated with more cases of malnutrition, worsened school access, more air pollution and increased criminality. We also proposed a strategy for sustainable palm oil expansion based on replanting unproductive plantations with either industrial or smallholder palm oil. Smallholder replanting was beneficial for five Goals (Zero poverty, Good health, Quality Education, Environmental preservation and Crime reduction), while the same intervention only improved two Goals in the industrial case (Zero poverty and Quality Education). Our appraisal is relevant to policymakers aiming towards the 2030 Agenda, organisations planning oil palm expansion, and retailers or consumers concerned about the sustainability of oil consumption.
Stratification of hypertension and SARS-CoV-2 infection by quantitative NMR spectroscopy of human blood serum
Authors: Kazenwadel Jasmin , Berezhnoy Georgy , Cannet Claire , Schäfer Hartmut , Geisler Tobias , Rohlfing Anne-Katrin , Gawaz Meinrad , Merle Uta , Trautwein Christoph 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Diagnostic approaches like the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) based quantification of metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammation markers has helped to identify typical alterations in the blood serum of COVID-19 patients. However, confounders such as sex, and comorbidities, which strongly influence the metabolome, were often not considered. Therefore, the aim of this NMR study was to consider sex, as well as arterial hypertension (AHT), when investigating COVID-19-positive serum samples in a large age-and sex matched cohort.

Methods
NMR serum data from 329 COVID-19 patients were compared with 305 healthy controls. 134 COVID-19 patients were affected by AHT. These were analyzed together with NMR data from 58 hypertensives without COVID-19. In addition to metabolite, lipoprotein, and glycoprotein data from NMR, common laboratory parameters were considered. Sex was considered in detail for all comparisons.

Results
Here, we show that several differences emerge from previous NMR COVID-19 studies when AHT is considered. Especially, the previously described triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profile is no longer observed in COVID-19 patients, nor an increase in ketone bodies. Further alterations are a decrease in glutamine, leucine, isoleucine, and lysine, citric acid, HDL-4 particles, and total cholesterol. Additionally, hypertensive COVID-19 patients show higher inflammatory NMR parameters than normotensive patients.

Conclusions
We present a more precise picture of COVID-19 blood serum parameters. Accordingly, considering sex and comorbidities should be included in future metabolomics studies for improved and refined patient stratification. Due to metabolic similarities with other viral infections, these results can be applied to other respiratory diseases in the future.
A conservation planning strategy applied to the evolutionary history of the mantellid frogs of Madagascar
Authors: Ferreira Miguel R. , Belluardo Francesco , Cocca Walter , Crottini Angelica , Carvalho Sílvia B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhylogenetic diversity is an increasingly applied metric used to maximize the representation of evolutionary history in spatial conservation planning. When following this approach, researchers commonly overlook sites with a relatively higher proportion of recently diverged endemic species, also known as centers of neo-endemism. Here we aim to demonstrate how targeting the conservation of different facets of diversity (taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity and centers of endemism) can provide more cost-effective solutions to the conservation of the all evolutionary spectrum of biodiversity. We do so by using the mantellid frogs of Madagascar as a case study. Our results confirm that areas with high concentrations of neo-endemism can be effectively identified as conservation planning priorities only if we specifically target them. Neglecting areas that are poor in phylogenetic diversity may therefore compromise the maintenance of diversification processes, particularly when lesser proportions of the landscape are protected. This approach can be of particular interest to island ecosystems, since they often harbor unique and restricted evolutionary radiations.
Superior high-temperature capacitive performance of polyaryl ether ketone copolymer composites enabled by interfacial engineered charge traps
Authors: Li Xinyi , Xie Yunchuan , Xiong Jie , Zhu Bofeng , Zhang Xiao , Duan Xinhua , Dong Bo , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: October 2023

This work presents a facile strategy to significantly boost the capacitive performance of aromatic polymer with simple preparation process. At 150 °C, the composite films exhibit remarkable comparative performance, Ue = 10.1 J cm−3 and η > 90%.
Multilevel cyclic shift index differential chaos shift keying system for high data rate transmission
Authors: Lin Zixian , Xu Weikai , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a multilevel cyclic shift index modulation aided differential chaotic shift keying (MCSI‐DCSK) system to improve data rate and energy efficiency. In the MCSI‐DCSK system, the bit stream is divided into blocks with bits which are further divided into N groups equally. In each group, the first M bits are mapped into an index of cyclic shift in the chaotic reference sequence, while the last bit is used to modulate the shifted chaotic reference sequence. Finally, the all modulated shifted chaotic reference sequences are superimposed to form the information‐bearing signal. So the proposed system improves the data rate. The analytical bit‐error‐rate (BER) expressions of the MCSI‐DCSK system are derived over additive white Gaussian noise and multipath Rayleigh fading channels and validated via simulations. In addition, the BER performance of the proposed system is compared with other non‐coherent, chaotic communication systems. Simulation results indicate that the MCSI‐DCSK system has better performance in data rate and BER.
Influence mechanism and virtual power system stabiliser method of virtual synchronous generator for low‐frequency oscillation of power system
Authors: Wang Haixin , Hao Yan , He Haiwen , Dong Henan , Lu Shengyang , Zhang Guanfeng , Yang Junyou , Chen Zhe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe virtual synchronous generator (SG) (VSG) can not only enhance the inertia of the grid, but also introduce the oscillation characteristics of SG, which is easy to interact with the power angle of SG in the grid, and even produce low‐frequency oscillation (LFO). The authors first construct a two‐machine interconnected power system model containing VSG and traditional SG. The model is linearised to construct the state space equations to obtain the Phillips–Heffron model with VSG. The LFO path of action between VSG and SG is analysed. To reduce the negative damping torque provided by VSG to SG through this path, a virtual power system stabiliser (VPSS) is proposed and the controller parameters are adjusted according to the phase compensation method. Finally, the effectiveness of VPSS is verified by modal analysis and simulation comparison.
The nexus of energy in microgrids: A review on communication barriers in distributed networks auxiliary controls
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Basit Abdul , e Mustafa Faizan , Alqahtani Mohammed , Khalid Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrogrids are a new concept resulting from decentralized power sources, which have changed energy utility grid topography. As this promising field is penetrated, control must be streamlined immediately. This paper analyses key control mechanisms in energy utility networks, including centralized, decentralized, and distributed setups. The focus is on the auxiliary category as the various benefits and drawbacks of each approach is investigated. Information interchange architectures that enable multiple control techniques in the auxiliary control domain are examined using distributed energy networks. The research emphasizes the necessity of auxiliary control in ensuring reliable and effective utility infrastructure operation but notes the lack of a comprehensive scholarly reference. Additionally, the study explores key concerns in utility grids' auxiliary control mechanisms, emphasizing information‐sharing system limits. The goal is to demonstrate the importance of auxiliary control and evaluate its challenges, such as latency, which require new solutions for a seamless transition to a sustainable energy future through rigorous academic assessment. At the auxiliary level, complex, decentralized regulatory mechanisms are recommended to handle transmission channel bandwidth and operational overhead in energy utility networks. These innovative measures have the potential to transform the fundamental structure of our energy landscape, heralding in unprecedented efficiency and sustainability.
A lightweight license plate detection algorithm based on deep learning
Authors: Zhu Shuo , Wang Yu , Wang Zongyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLicense plate detection is an important task in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and has a wide range of applications in vehicle management, traffic control, and public safety. In order to improve the accuracy and speed of mobile recognition, an improved lightweight YOLOv5s model is proposed for license plate detection. First, an improved Stemblock network is used to replace the original Focus layer in the network, which ensures strong feature expression capability and reduces a large number of parameters to lower the computational complexity; then, an improved lightweight network, ShuffleNetv2, is used to replace the backbone network of the YOLOv5s, which makes the model lighter and ensures the detection accuracy at the same time. Then, a feature enhancement module is designed to reduce the information loss caused by the rearrangement of the backbone network channels, which facilitates the information interaction in the feature fusion process; finally, the low‐, medium‐ and high‐level features in the Shufflenetv2 network structure are fused to form the final high‐level output features. Experimental results on the CCPD dataset show that compared to other methods this paper obtains better performance and faster speed in the license plate detection task, in which the average precision mean value reaches 96.6%, and can achieve a detection speed of 43.86 frame/s, and the parameter volume is reduced to 5.07 M.
A circularly polarised multiple input multiple output antenna with single‐sense for sub‐6 GHz 5G applications
Authors: Phyo Zin Mar , Fujimoto Takafumi , Gaun Chai‐Eu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, a compact wideband circularly polarised Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna with the two parasitic elements is proposed. The printed monopole antenna for wideband circular polarisation proposed in authors' previous study is used as an antenna element. One‐sided substrate reflector is installed at the back side of the antenna, positioned 0.2λ0 away, to improve the gain. The circularly polarised radiation, deteriorated by the influence of mutual coupling of two antenna elements and reflector, is improved by deploying two parasitic elements on the bottom layer of the antenna's substrate. The antenna's size is 0.99λ0 × 0.32λ0 and the reflector's size is 1.41λ0 × 0.82λ0 (λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at lowest operating frequency). The measured bandwidth of 10 dB impedance with a 3 dB axial ratio is 33.49% from 3.53 to 4.95 GHz, which can be utilised for sub‐6 GHz 5G applications. The simulated and experimental results are compared to validate the antenna characteristics.
Energy transactions among smart buildings based on social preferences
Authors: Alizadeh Hossein , Khajehzadeh Alimorad , Eslami Mahdiyeh , Shahbazzadeh Mehdi Jafari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe presence of smart buildings in a smart grid as prosumers with the ability to both consume and produce clean energy can help to decentralize and decarbonize the electricity industry. An energy community (EC) refers to a collection of energy users and energy sources that participate in peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy trading and contribute to the energy supply of the community through appropriate communication infrastructure. This paper examines the management of smart grid energy, including ECs, in order to promote energy democracy by incorporating smart buildings into P2P energy trading and demand response programs (DRPs). A model for energy democracy has been developed for a group of energy users consisting of prosumers and managers within ECs, based on user preferences. The paper classifies prosumers into three categories based on their preferences: flexible, economic, and social. Additionally, EC managers have been classified into two categories based on their preferences: interactive and non‐interactive managers. The CPLEX method in the GAMS software was utilized to solve the problem. The results show that the proposed approach improves access to energy within the smart grid system.
Control coordination in inverter‐based microgrids using AoI‐based 5G schedulers
Authors: Choudhury Biplav , Mohammadhassani Ardavan , Alexander Brady , Iyer Rahul , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali , Reed Jeffrey H. , Shah Vijay K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA coordinated set point automatic adjustment with correction enabled (C‐SPAACE) framework that uses 5G communication for real‐time control coordination between inverter‐based resources (IBR) in microgrids is proposed. Utilising slicing capability, 5G offers low‐latency communication to C‐SPAACE under normal conditions. However, given the multitude of power grid use cases, a certain 5G slice for C‐SPAACE may have access only to limited radio spectrum resources, which if not managed well, greatly undermines the communication needs of C‐SPAACE framework. Thus, optimally scheduling the available spectrum resources among IBRs in a sliced 5G network‐based C‐SPAACE framework becomes a critical problem. To address this issue, the authors utilise a novel age of information (AoI) metric and designs an AoI‐based 5G scheduler to provide low‐latency communication to C‐SPAACE. Following this, a co‐simulation environment is designed using PSCAD/EMTDC and Python to simulate a microgrid supported by 5G communication. Time‐domain simulation case studies are performed using the proposed co‐simulation environment to evaluate the performance of C‐SPAACE using 5G with both AoI‐based and other baseline (non‐AoI) schedulers.