bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Complicated Duodenal Ulcers: Controlled Trials
Authors: Millat Bertrand , Fingerhut Abe , Borie Fredéric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIndications for surgery of duodenal ulcer (DU) have changed radically because of the efficacy of H2‐antagonists, endoscopic procedures, and eradication of Helicobacter pylorus. The aim of this study was to analyze the current literature to determine if definitive surgery is still relevant for complicated DU (bleeding, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction). Two studies have compared early to late surgery in terms of bleeding. One recommended early surgery (significant reduction in mortality) in the elderly, but no statistically significant difference was found when analyzed with “intention to treat.” In the other, mortality with early surgery was five times higher than with expectant therapy (when it was possible). Two studies comparing different surgical techniques for bleeding favored the radical procedure. Of at least 15 studies comparing endoscopic treatments, however, none has compared endoscopic therapy to surgical intervention for bleeding DU. One trial, comparing nonoperative to surgical treatment for perforation, found similar rates of morbidity, intraabdominal abscess, and mortality; but the hospital stay was longer (p < 0.001). Nonoperative treatment failed more often (p < 0.05) in patients over age 70. In three trials, postoperative morbidity (excepting wound sepsis in one) was not significantly increased by definitive surgery, with less ulcer recurrence (p < 0.05) compared with simple closure. Laparoscopy (versus laparotomy) was shown to take longer (p < 0.001) but required less postoperative analgesics (p < 0.03); there were no statistically significant differences as concerns the duration of nasogastric aspiration, intravenous drips, hospital stay, time to resume normal diet, Visual Analogous Scale pain scores for the first 24 hours after surgery, morbidity, reoperation rate, or mortality. Of 48 laparoscopic patients, 11 (23%) underwent conversion to open surgery. Three surgical techniques [highly selective vagotomy (HSU) + gastrojejunostomy (group 1), HSV + Jaboulay gastroduodenostomy (group 2), or selective vagotomy (group 3) + antrectomy) for gastric outlet obstruction (GOO)] showed that although postoperative results were similar (except wound sepsis in one trial), long‐term Visick scores were significantly (p < 0.01) better in group 1 than in group 2, but not in group 3. Further studies are needed to determine the exact prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in complicated DU and to compare (1) definitive to minimal surgery (stop the bleeding or close the perforation) combined with antisecretory drugs and eradication of H. pylori; (2) surgery to endoscopic treatment combined with eradication of H. pylori; and (3) for GOO, surgery to balloon dilatation combined with eradication of H. pylori.
A modified pseudo-equilibrium model competing with kinetic models to determine the composition of a two-temperature SF6atmosphere plasma
Authors: V Rat  , P André  , J Aubreton  , M F Elchinger  , P Fauchais  , A Lefort  
Published: August 2002

This paper is devoted to calculation of the non-equilibrium composition in a SF6thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure. Non-equilibrium thermal plasmas are characterized by heavy species temperaturesThbelow 9000 K with electron temperatures at the maximum three times higher thanThwhen the latter is below 4000 K. Different theories have been used based on either multi-temperature plasmas, Saha-Potapov modified by Andréet al, van de Sandenet al, Cliteuret al, or kinetic calculations or the pseudo-equilibrium model, recently developed. This model gives results similar to those of kinetic calculations for N2and H2plasmas but with calculation times two orders magnitude faster. Pseudo-equilibrium calculation takes into account the reactions with low activation energies instead of ionization reactions, while keeping all the species present in the kinetic calculation. First, the theories are compared in a case already studied in the literature by Cliteur: a heavy species temperatureThat 6000 K, with the electron temperatureTevarying between 6000 and 15 000 K. Comparison of the results shows that the multi-temperature calculations, except those of Cliteur, are far from kinetic especially forneandnF-. In addition, the pseudo-equilibrium model fits rather well with the kinetic calculations as long as molecular species are present in the plasma. Second, to calculate the composition of non-equilibrium thermal plasmas the ratioTe/This assumed to vary as the logarithm of the electron densities ratione/ncmax,nemaxbeing the electron density over which equilibrium prevails, i.e. 1023 m-3. For kinetic reactions where electrons are involved (in the direct reaction while heavy species intervene in the reverse reaction), a temperatureT* betweenTeandThis defined.T* is calculated as a function of the electron flux to that of heavy species. The variation ofT* withThis smoother than that ofTe. In such conditions again, there is an excellent agreement between kinetic and pseudo-equilibrium calculations performed atT*, which is not the case for multi-temperature calculations. These results demonstrate that the pseudo-equilibrium calculation developed for thermal plasma simple forming gases such as N2and H2can also be applied to more complex gases such as SF6.
A Langmuir multi-probe system for the characterization of atmospheric pressure arc plasmas
Authors: C Fanara  , I M Richardson  
Published: August 2002

It is well known that the use of Langmuir probes in `high' pressure plasmas (atmospheric and above) is extremely difficult due to the high degree of collisionality. In addition, electric arcs used in industry are highly non-homogeneous. In particular the degree of ionization varies from zero at the arc edges to values close to full ionization near the axis. Existing probe theories are therefore inappropriate. The `traditional' use of the characteristic curve for arc temperature and particle density mapping is time consuming and also leads to errors due to the collisional nature of the discharge. Existing probe theories are examined with respect to the application at high pressure and in this, the first of a series of papers, an interpretation based on different assumptions is presented.A simple apparatus for the study of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding arcs is described permitting data collection over short time periods (~0.1 s) for operating currents in the range 50-150 A. Difficulties encountered with probe applications are discussed highlighting the need for further theoretical developments.The axial electric field is given by the derivative of the measured potential with respect to the axial position and shown to be in agreement with previous estimations. Results are discussed with reference to the sparse previous publications concerned with high pressure arc plasmas.
Transfer effects in implicit memory and consumer choice
Authors: Butler Laurie T. , Berry Dianne C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo experiments investigated transfer effects in implicit memory and consumer choice, using a preference judgement task. Experiment 1 examined whether it is possible to obtain priming for unfamiliar food labels. Additionally, it investigated whether the experience of seeing a brand name with a particular product type would benefit subsequent processing of the brand name when linked with a different product type. Experiment 2 examined whether changes in modality between study and test would affect priming for unfamiliar brand names. Both questions are theoretically important, as well as pertaining to practical concerns in the consumer choice literature. Experiment 1 demonstrated significant priming for unfamiliar food labels, and established that priming was unaffected by changing the product type with which the brand name was associated. In Experiment 2, priming on both auditory and visual versions of the preference judgement task was reduced by changes in modality. The results and implications are discussed in relation to consumer choice and current theories of implicit memory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platelet glycoprotein Ia 807C/T (Phe224) and 873G/A (Thr246) dimorphisms in Turkey
Authors: Komurcu Evrim , Erginel‐Unaltuna Nihan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAt sites of vascular injury, the platelet collagen receptor Glycoprotein Ia/IIa (GPIa/IIa) acts as an important mediator of platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagens. Two silent polymorphisms (807C/T and 873G/A) within the glycoprotein Ia gene have been implicated in increased risk of developing thrombosis and myocardial infarction in affected individuals. To provide basis for future studies, we examined the frequency of these GPIa polymorphisms for people in Turkey. We analyzed 118 unrelated individuals for their genotypes of the GPIa gene using a multiplexed allele specific‐PCR based method. The allelic frequencies were found to be 34% for 807T/873A and 66% for 807C/873G; the genotypic frequencies were 13% for 807TT/873AA, 44% for 807CT/873GA, and 43% for 807CC/873GG. Am. J. Hematol. 69:83‐84, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Nakasaki Takahiro , Wada Hideo , Shigemori Chika , Miki Chikao , Gabazza Esteban C. , Nobori Tsutomu , Nakamura Shin , Shiku Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the expression of tissue factor (TF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the microvessel density (MVD) in 100 patients with colorectal cancer, and we investigated the relationship of the expression of TF or VEGF with angiogenesis. TF antigen was positive in 57.0% of all specimens. Incidence of TF expression was 41.2%, 45.5%, 52.6%, 84.6%, and 81.3% in tumors from patients in clinical stages I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. TF expression was correlated with the Dukes' classification (P = 0.01) and the clinical stage of colorectal cancer (P = 0.02). VEGF antigen was positive in 64.0% of all specimens. Incidence of VEGF expression was 41.2%, 57.6%, 73.7%, 84.6%, and 75.0% in tumors from patients in clinical stages I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. VEGF expression was correlated with the Dukes' classification (P = 0.01) but showed a weak association with the clinical stage (P = 0.08). MVD was significantly associated with the depth of invasion (P = 0.01), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), and liver metastasis (P = 0.02). The mean values of MVD were 7.5 ± 2.8, 10.1 ± 5.7, 14.6 ± 5.8, 13.5 ± 3.9, and 15.9 ± 4.2 in tumors from patients in clinical stages I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. A close relationship between VEGF and MVD (P < 0.001) and a significant correlation between TF expression and MVD were observed (P = 0.02). TF‐positive carcinomas presented high MVD and VEGF expression (P < 0.001) more frequently than did TF‐negative tumors. These results suggest that involvement of TF in the process of metastasis and progression of colorectal cancer may depend on increased angiogenesis. Am. J. Hematol. 69:247–254, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diverse clinical outcomes of eosinophilic patients with T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements: The emerging diagnostic importance of molecular genetics testing
Authors: Butterfield Joseph H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbnormal clones of clusters of differentiation (CD)3−CD4+ or CD3+CD4−CD8− phenotypically abnormal lymphocytes have been identified in some patients who have the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. This report illustrates the disparate clinical courses of six eosinophilic patients with evidence of abnormal T‐cell clones based on the finding of a T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement. The data suggest that molecular genetics testing for T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements should be included in the routine work‐up of patients with idiopathic eosinophilia. Am. J. Hematol. 68:81–86, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethical issues in the management of sickle cell pain
Authors: Ballas Samir K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCare providers who manage patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often face several questions. Most prominent among these pertain to the importance of pain and its treatment. The duties of the health care providers concerning pain management are often not well defined and vary considerably among providers and institutions. Despite the availability of national guidelines that address the ethical issues of pain management, patients with SCD often receive suboptimal pain control, especially during acute painful episodes. Although there are many reasons for this situation, an important aspect of the problem pertains to the complexity of applying ethical standards to specific patients with sickle cell pain. Decisions are frequently made according to perceptions and circumstances without taking ethical principles into consideration. The purpose of this paper is to present the range of ethical principles pertinent to sickle pain management and discuss specific examples of physician‐patient interactions where ethical dilemmas occur. Am. J. Hematol. 68:127–132, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early identification and intervention in the prevention of musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Linton Steven James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundA large number of people suffer from upper extremity disorders, but a few apparently consume the majority of the resources. Early interventions are badly needed to prevent the development of persistent disability. Since psychological factors are central in the development of a chronic problem these might be utilized in this endeavor.MethodsA series of studies are described where a screening procedure based on psychological risk factors was employed to help identify people at risk for developing long‐term work disability. The utility of a cognitive‐behavioral group intervention that focuses on coping strategies as prevention was assessed in three randomized‐controlled studies where participants had low, medium, and high risk, respectively.ResultsThe study with low risk showed no significant difference between the groups, while the studies with medium‐ and high‐risk populations demonstrated significantly lower work disability than control groups receiving treatment as usual.ConclusionsIt appears to be feasible to identify patients with high levels of risk and to subsequently lower the risk for work disability by administering a cognitive‐behavioral intervention focusing on psychological aspects of the pain problem. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:433–442, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biobehavioral mechanisms of work‐related upper extremity disorders: A new agenda for research and practice
Authors: Feuerstein Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies provide support for the role of organizational and individual psychosocial stressors in work‐related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs). Despite this evidence, the biological plausibility of a relationship between exposure to various psychosocial and work organizational stressors and WRUEDs remains unclear.MethodsThe Georgetown Symposium on Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Work‐Related Upper Extremity Disorders was held in Washington D.C. on November 6–7, 2000 to improve the understanding of potential biobehavioral mechanisms, identify future areas for research and discuss the implications of this body of knowledge for intervention. This meeting involved presentations and discussions by researchers and clinicians from a number of disciplines (epidemiology, occupational medicine, rheumatology, orthopedics, surgery, internal medicine, psychoneuroimmunology, occupational health psychology, behavioral medicine, psychophysiology and experimental and organizational psychology).ResultsThe symposium generated several papers addressing the following topics: definitions and job stress models; epidemiological foundations; musculoskeletal and biomechanical models; central nervous system models of recurrent and persistent clinical pain; psychophysiology of work; and implications for intervention. These papers comprise this special issue.DiscussionThe present paper summarizes the various contributions to this special issue and provides direction for future research on potential biobehavioral pathways. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:293–297, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multilevel nerve compression and muscle imbalance in work‐related neuromuscular disorders*
Authors: Novak Christine B. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWork‐related upper limb disorders have come under increasing scrutiny and become a frustrating problem.MethodsA unifying hypothesis to explain the multiplicity of symptoms with work related neuromuscular disorders is outlined. This multifactorial problem includes physical, individual, and psychosocial factors. Abnormal postures and positions may compress nerves or may alter muscle length resulting in secondary compressive forces on nerves or in muscle imbalances. Evaluation should identify all nerve compression levels and muscle imbalance in the arm and cervicoscapular region. Management must include patient education, postural correction, and an exercise program to address the multiple nerve compression levels and muscle imbalance.Results and ConclusionsThe etiology of work related neuromusculoskeletal disorders is multifactorial and successful management must address all contributing factors. Appropriate conservative management will relieve symptoms in most patients. Surgery should be reserved for those few patients with evidence of a specific diagnosis who have failed conservative management. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:343–352, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) in ethnic populations in Texas; a report of a novelMTHFRpolymorphic site, G1793A
Authors: Rady Peter L. , Szucs Sylvia , Grady James , Hudnall S. David , Kellner Leonard H. , Nitowsky Harold , Tyring Stephen K. , Matalon Reuben K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe importance of hyperhomocysteinemia, birth defects, and vascular diseases has been the subject of intense investigations. The polymorphicMTHFRmutations (C677T and A1298C) cause mild hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in homozygotes for C677T, but also in compound heterozygotes for C677T/A1298C. The subject of this report is the frequency of the polymorphic mutations in theMTHFRgene C677T, C1298A, and newly discovered mutation G1793A, as well as the association withMTRRpolymorphic site A66G in different ethnic groups. Four ethnic groups were studied: African‐Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, and Ashkenazi Jews. There are statistically significant differences in the frequency of these alleles in the different populations studied, which impacts compound heterozygosity for such alleles in these populations. DNA samples obtained from the blood of healthy individuals of African‐Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians from south Texas were analyzed and compared to those obtained from Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. The polymorphic site, the G1793A allele, is least frequent among Ashkenazi individuals, 1.3%, compared to 6.9% among Caucasians (P = 0.001), 5.8% among Hispanics (P = 0.012), and 3.1% among African‐Americans. TheMTRRpolymorphic site shows the lowest allele frequency among Hispanics, 28.6%, compared to 34% among African‐Americans, 43.1% among Ashkenazi Jews (P = 0.002), and 54.4% among Caucasians (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant differences in allele frequencies of C677T and C1298A polymorphisms were also observed in these populations. Compound heterozygosity for multiple polymorphic alleles may play a role in birth defects and vascular diseases. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐based association study of 5‐HTTLPR, TPH, MAO‐A, and DRD4 polymorphisms in mood disorders
Authors: Serretti Alessandro , Cristina Silvano , Lilli Roberta , Cusin Cristina , Lattuada Enrico , Lorenzi Cristina , Corradi Barbara , Grieco Gaetano , Costa Alfredo , Santorelli Filippo , Barale Francesco , Nappi Giuseppe , Smeraldi Enrico 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVariants of the functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (upstream regulatory region: 5‐HTTLPR), the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A), and the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genes have all been associated with mood disorders. The aim of this study was to test those hypotheses by using a family‐based association approach. Both diagnoses and psychopathology were used for phenotype definitions. A total of 134 nuclear families with mood disorders, with probands affected by bipolar (n = 103) or major depressive (n = 58) disorders, were included in the study. All subjects were typed for the above‐mentioned gene variants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. No significant transmission disequilibrium was found in the overall sample for any polymorphism. A separate analysis of bipolar subjects only, or the use of continuous psychopathologic traits as affectation status did not influence the observed results. Our study did not support the involvement of 5‐HTTLPR, TPH, MAO‐A, or DRD4 polymorphisms in mood disorders. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Terminal deletion of the chromosome 7(q36–qter) in an infant with sacral agenesis and anterior myelomeningocele
Authors: Rodríguez Laura , Cuadrado Pérez Irene , Herrera Montes Juana , Lorente Jareño Maria Luisa , López Grondona Fermina , Martínez‐Frías Maria Luisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a new patient with a 7q terminal deletion. The 18‐month‐old boy had metal retardation, microcephaly, a distinctive face, bilateral coloboma, café‐au‐lait spot on the abdomen, and sacral agenesis. The high resolution GTG bands (550–850 bands), currently used in our laboratory, showed a 7q terminal deletion, which was also confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The homeobox HLXB9 gene, localized at 7q36 has been demonstrated to be involved in sacral agenesis; in fact patients with 7q terminal deletions frequently have this malformation. We could not perform molecular studies in this patient to confirm the HLXB9 haploinsufficiency, but we postulate that he carried it. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.