bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PARITY ON PLASMA TOTAL PROTEIN, ALBUMIN, UREA AND α‐AMINO NITROGEN LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Macdonald H. N. , Good W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma levels of total protein, albumin, urea and α‐amino nitrogen have been compared in primigravidae and multigravidae. At 10 weeks the plasma total protein concentration is significantly higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae and the plasma urea levels show a similar pattern, but the difference is not statistically significant; the plasma albumin and α‐amino nitrogen levels at 10 weeks are the same for each parity group. Between 10 and 28 weeks there is a decrease in the plasma levels of total protein, albumin and urea; this fall is greater for multigravidae than for primigravidae, but the difference is less marked with albumin. Plasma α‐amino nitrogen concentrations, however, appear to increase between 10 and 28 weeks, especially in primigravidae. Multigravidae show a decrease in plasma total protein, albumin and α‐amino nitrogen levels between 28 and 37 weeks, but primigravidae show a significant fall only in plasma albumin concentrations; plasma urea levels do not change significantly during this period. After delivery the plasma concentrations of urea and α‐amino nitrogen increase significantly and the levels of total protein and albumin decrease, but the changes are not statistically significant. The puerperal plasma total protein concentrations are lower in multigravidae than in primigravidae, who exhibit a bimodal frequency distribution; once again urea levels reflect the same tendency. In discussing the physiological implications of these results it is suggested that they are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma volume expansion is an important causative factor.
ESTIMATION OF CLEARANCE RATE OF INHALED XENON‐133 IN THE PLACENTAL REGION OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS
Authors: Jacoby H. E. , Arnot R. N. , Glass H. I. , McClure Browne J. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA safe, atraumatic method of measuring clearance of 133Xe in the region of the placenta is described. The gas was inhaled for two minutes, and external monitoring of the placental area and of the expired air was continued for a further 25 minutes. The placental clearance curve was analyzed into two exponential components, with and without correction for recirculation of the tracer. There was a significant difference of 15 per cent between the results of the two methods of analysis. No difference was found between the mean clearance rates of 19 normotensive and 19 hypertensive patients. The birthweights of the babies were used to assess total placental function, and its relationships to the clearance rates is discussed.
PROGESTOGEN THERAPY FOR OVARIAN CARCINOMA
Authors: Ward H. W. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐nine patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were treated with a high‐potency progestogen. A response was observed in 15 out of 23 who received adequate treatment with this hormone. It is suggested that progestogens offer a safe alternative to non‐hormonal chemotherapy for the advanced case and that further trials should be undertaken.
PLASMA FOLATE LEVELS FOLLOWING AN ORAL LOAD OF FOLIC ACID DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Landon M. J. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe rise in the plasma level of folate following an oral load of 15 μg. of folic acid per kg. body weight was examined in a serial study of 12 healthy pregnant women. The average rise in pregnancy was similar to that postpartum and in two male control subjects, but there was a suggestion of a more sluggish rise in early compared to late pregnancy. Individual variation was considerable and greatly exceeded any possible effect of pregnancy.These data provide no evidence that pregnant women suffer an impairment of folate absorption.
CERVICOGRAPHS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LABOUR IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE
Authors: Philpott R. H. , Castle W. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAdding a particular Alert Line to the cervicographs of Rhodesian African primigravidae has simply and effectively screened normal patients from those with reduced pelvic size and inefficient uterine action. The method can be applied by midwives working in isolated areas. This paper describes the derivation of the line and the results of a prospective study of 624 consecutive patients, whose management in labour was based on its use. The Alert Line would have relevance to practice elsewhere.
ANTEPARTUM AND POSTPARTUM ACID‐BASE CHANGES IN MATERNAL BLOOD IN NORMAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCIES
Authors: Dayal Promila , Murata Yuji , Takamura Hikaru 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBlood acid‐base status was studied in 75 patients during pregnancy and about 50 patients after delivery. In all 75 patients, whether they had normal or uncomplicated prenancies, there was metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis during pregnancy. Reversal of these changes is not complete so far as the respiratory component is concerned during the first week of the puerperium.
EFFECT ON FETAL LIVER LIPIDS OF 14C GLUCOSE ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY TO THE MOTHER
Authors: Coltart T. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUniformly labelled 14C glucose was administered intravenously to eight patients in the mid‐trimester of pregnancy who were about to undergo hysterotomy and tubal ligation. After delivery of the fetus the fetal liver was removed and the extent of incorporation of 14C glucose into hepatic lipids estimated. Significant levels of 14C were found in all fetal lipid fractions. When these levels were compared with the corresponding levels of 14C incorporation into the maternal serum lipids there was no correlation. It is concluded that much if not all the newly synthesized lipid in the fetal liver is of fetal origin, and has not been synthesized by the mother and subsequently transferred to the fetus via the placenta.
THE CIRCULATING LEVELS OF OXYTOCIN FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF SYNTOMETRINE
Authors: Gibbens D. , Boyd N. R. H. , Crocker S. , Baumber S. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUsing a radioinimunoassay for oxytocin, circulating levels of the hormone were measured following intravenous and intramuscular administration of Syntometrine. After intramuscular injection oxytocin appeared in the circulation in as little as 30 seconds and continued to be detectable at levels around 25 pg. per ml. for up to 60 minutes. After intravenous injection there was a rapid rise to a peak of 530 pg. per ml. at one minute. The subsequent decay showed a bi‐exponential pattern, and yielded an average half‐life of 3 minutes for the initial rapid phase of disappearance. Following subcutaneous injection of Syntometrine, circulating oxytocin was found in only one of the two cases studied. After intravenous ergometrine, there was no detectable rise in oxytocin levels.
CORRELATION OF ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY AND PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Cooke I. D. , Morgan Christine A. , Parry T. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHistologically dated premenstrual endometrial biopsies from infertile patients have been correlated with plasma progesterone values obtained at the same time. The plasma progesterone assay was a chick plasma protein binding assay. All histologically dated biopsies were grouped according to the accuracy of the correlation with chronological dating of the endometrium and the plasma progesterone values of each of these groups were reviewed. Of the 59 paired results analyzed from patients having regular cycles only 34 showed good agreement between timing of the biopsy and its histological dating. The abnormal plasma progesterone results in the groups that failed to show good agreement are discussed in relation to concepts of defective luteal phase.Follow‐up showed a similar incidence of pregnancy in both groups.
SOME SURPRISING RESULTS IN THE INVESTIGATION AND TREATMENT OF THE INFERTILE WOMAN
Authors: Pennington G. W. , Atlay R. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe first 180 patients referred to this Unit after gynaecological investigation for further endocrinological investigations and possible induction of ovulation have been followed up for two years. To supplement the case notes a questionnaire was sent to each; 117 patients replied. Seventy‐two patients received stimulant therapy and 45 did not; 56 per cent of the treated patients became pregnant, but also no less than 42 per cent of the untreated patients.
ORAL CONTRACEPTION AND LIVER FLUKE DISEASE
Authors: Chulacharit Ekachai , Petchakit Vichien , Rosenfield Allan G. 
Published: August 2005

Summary Opisthorchis Viverrini (liver fluke) infestation is endemic in certain parts of Thailand, where the incidence is as high as 90 per cent. Although the disease is essentially benign in man, there has been concern that oral contraception may be contra‐indicated in patients with this disease. In the present study no laboratory differences were found between a group of oral contraceptive users with positive stools and those with negative stools. The only minor abnormality found after oral contraceptive use was a slight increase in the bromsulphthalein retention values in both groups of patients as compared to a control group using intrauterine devices. No case of jaundice was seen in either group of pill acceptors. It is concluded that oral contraceptives are safe in patients with this parasitic disease.
THE USE OF PROSTAGLANDIN E2 FOR THERAPEUTIC ABORTION
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Filshie G. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 was infused in 139 women recommended for therapeutic trmination of pregnancy. Abortion occurred in 130 women and was complete in 105. Uterine activity was measured in 67 patients before, during and after prostagiandin infusion. In selected cases haematological, biochemical, hormonal and renal function studies were performed. No serious adverse effects were noted.
SERUM HEAT STABLE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO URINARY OESTROGEN OUTPUT, FETAL AND PLACENTAL WEIGHT, AND PLACENTAL ENZYME CONTENT
Authors: Curzen Peter , Hensel Helen 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPaired estimations of serum heat stable alkline phosphatase (HSAP) concentration and urinary oestrogen output were perormed on 100 patients (544 estimatons). There was no correlation between these values.There was a weak correlation between urinary oestrogen output and fetal weight. The HSAP content of 47 placentae was assayed and compared with the last serum HSAP level before delivery. There was a weak correlation between these parameters.
AMNIOTIC CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN TWIN‐PREGNANCY AFTER INTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF HYPERTONIC SALINE
Authors: Kovács L. , Gellén J. , Falkay Gy. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring termination of a twin‐pregnancy by saline injection, for a psychiatric indication 20 per cent saline was injected into one amniotic sac and the chloriede concentration in both amniotic fluids was recorded by separate cannulation of the amniotic cavities. Changes in chloride concentration of the maternal serum and fetal heart activity were continuously observed. The fetus in the treated sac died and was born macerated, whereas the other showed signs of life at the delivery. The results show that the composition of the amniotic fluid may change significantly by paraplacental transfer.
SERUM LIPIDS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN PREGNANT NIGERIAN WOMEN
Authors: Taylor G. Oladunni 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe levels of serum total cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, triglycerides and the total fatty acid composition were determined in non‐pregnant and pregnant women at the 24the and 36th weeks of gestation.The levels of the serum phospholipids and triglyucerides in the pregnant women at the 24th week of gestation were significantly higher than those in the nonpregnant women, but there was no significant increase in these serum lipids from the 24th to the 36th week of gestation. The serum total cholesterol and cholesterol esters in the pregnant women were significantly higher than in the non‐pregnant women only at the 36th week of gestation. The total percentage of the saturated fatty acids was higher and that of teh polyunsaturated fatty acids lower at the 24teh week of pregnancy than those at the 36th week and for non‐pregnant women. There was no significant difference in the percentage of the monounsaturated fatty acids in the three groups.
URGENCY INCONTINENCE
Authors: Frewen W. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA twelve months follow up of 100 consecutive cases of urgency incontinence was made. Eighty patients were still continent at the end of one year but half of them had some residual urgency of micturition. In a seris of 556 cases of incontinence, the incidence of urgency incontinence was 30 per cent. The diagnosis and clinical relevance of the disorder is discussed and the value of the Foley catheter test in differentiation one type of incontinence from another is emphasized.
PREVENTION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION AFTER GYNAECOLOGICAL LAPAROTOMY
Authors: Sood SatyaV. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAspiration of urine at laparotomy is a safe and satisfactory method of emptying the bladder. Evidence is presented that postoperative urinary trace infection, a common complication following catheterization, can be reduced sifnificantly by this technique.
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN RHESUS ISO‐IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Fairweather D. V. I. , Billewicz W. , Loraine J. A. , Bell E. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial assays of oestrone, oestriol, pregnanediol and chorionic gonadotrophin have been made in maternal urine from 32 weeks gestation until delivery in rhesus immunized patients whose infants suffered from haemolytic disease o varying severity. The results were compared with those from a series of normally pregnant women of comparable age and gestation period. In the rhesus patients no correlation could be demonstrated between severity of disease and endocrine profile. Assays of hormones and their metabolites were of little or no value in the management of patients with rhesus immunization.
THE USE OF ANTI‐D GAMMA GLOBULIN FOR THE PREVENTION OF Rh IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Tovey L. A. Derrick 
Published: August 2005

SummaryResults of the six months follow‐up of 2319 women who received the English preparationof anti‐D gamma globulin, and of 546 who have had a subsequent pregnancy are reported. The failure rate was found to be 0.55 and 1.6 per cent respectively.Details are given of the 7 cases of failure of protection in the subsequent pregnancy; the infants were all mildly affected. Three cases are described, also mildly affected, of subsequent pregnancies after anti‐D gamma globulin was given although the mothers had a positive enzyume test for rhesus antibodies prior to the injection. There was little correlation between the incidence of failures, the pre‐injection. There was little correlation between the incidence of failures, the pre‐injection Kleihauer count and the dose of anti‐D gamma globulin given.
BIRTHWEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF SINGAPORE CHINESE, MALAY AND INDIAN INFANTS FROM 34 WEEKS TO 42 WEEKS GESTATION
Authors: Cheng MarkC. E. , Chew PeterC. T. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe birthweights of 4506 Chinese, 3722 Malay and 2798 Indian live‐born infants born at 34 to 42 weeks gestation were studied. The mean birthweight was calculated for each gestation week from 34 weeks to 42 weeks, and the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles obtained. There was no sigificant differences in mean birthweight between Chinese and Malay infants. The mean birthweight of Indian infants at 40 weeks was 160 g. less than that of Chinese infants, which in turn is 235 g. less than that of British Causcasian infants. The intrauterine growth pattern was similar to that of other countries.
CERULOPLASMIN ACTIVITY IN INFANTS BORN TO UNDERNOURISHED MOTHERS
Authors: Krishnamachari K. A. V. R. , Rao Kamala S. Jaya 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum copper levels and serum ceruloplasmin activity were estimated in maternal venous blood and corresponding cord blood of 12 well‐nourished and 18 undernourished women. The levels of both blood constituents were not different in these groups. The levels in the infants born to undernourished mother were significantly lower than those in infants born to well‐nourished mothers. It is suggested that maternal malnutrition adversely affects the protein synthesizing capacity of the livers of the offspring. A significant correlation was observed between birthweight and serum ceruloplasmin activity of the newborb. The livers of low birthweight infants may have a reduced capacity to synthesize proteins.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PLACENTA IN DEPRESSION OF FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: åStedt Birger 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe local fibrinolytic activity in the blood after venous occlusion was studied in fourteen patients one hour after normal delivery of the baby. Seven of these patients had retained, adherent placenta and seven had a normal third stage of labour. The fibrinolytic activity of the patients with a retained placenta was still at the pregnant level, while that of the patients who had a normal thrid stage had returned to non‐pregnant levels indicating that the depression of fibrinolytic activity during pregnancy is not due to any effect of the fetal circulation, but to the presence of the placenta.
MATERNAL AND FETAL VENOUS PLASMA STEROIDS IN RELATION TO PARTURITION
Authors: Shearman Rodney P. , Jools N. D. , Smith Ian D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis paper presents the results obtained from the study of Oestriol and pregnanediol in maternal peripheral venous plasma throughout normal pregnancy. Changes of oestriol pregnanediol and II‐hydroxysteroid levels throughout the day in late pregnancy were studied. The levels of these steroids found in maternal peripheral venous blood and umbilical venous blood in patients delivered normally and by elective Caesarean section have been compared.The range of values of for plasma pregnanediol was to so large that furhter study had little to recommend it. In a relative sense there was good agreement between plasma oestriol and urinary 24‐hour oestriol excretion. There was no difference in fetal plasma levels of oestriol, pregnanediol or II‐hydroxysteroids when babies delivered vaginally were compared with those delivered by elective Caesarean section. The difference in maternal II‐hydroxysteroids in these two sitations approached significance.
SERIAL SERUM DIAMINE OXIDASE ESTIMATIONS IN NORMAL SINGLETON AND TWlN PREGNANCIES AND IN ABNORMAL PREGNANCIES
Authors: Ward Humphry , Whyley G. A. , Miller M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum diamine oxidase was measured throughout pregnancy in 33 normal pregnancies and 133 women whose pregnancies were complicated. A specific and sensitive method was used. In normal pregnancy, the mean level rises sharply until 18 to 21 weeks, thereafter varying little. Because there is a wide scatter of normal values later in pregnancy, serial diamine oxidase has a restricted place as a placental function test. However, in abortion low or falling levels found. There is an appreciably higher level in twin pregnancy than in normal singleton pregnancies, whilst in the twin pregnancies with complications, the levels tended to fall within the range for normal singleton pregnancies.
FETAL AND MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATIONS AT DELIVERY AND POST PARTUM
Authors: Cochran T. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcentrations of albumin and immunoglobulins G, A, and M, have been measured in paired maternal‐fetal sera obtained at vaginal delivery, elective Caesaren section and Caesarean section during labour. Maternal serum concentrations were also measured in the puerperium. The albumin level was significantly higher in cord than maternal serum in all groups, and the cord IgG concentration was significantly raised above the maternal level at vaginal delivery and Caesarean section during labour. A significant rise of cord above maternal serum IgG was evident following a short period in labour, and no further increase occured. Uterine activity of labour therefore appears to be associated with a specific maternofetal transfer of IgG. The fetus may maintain a higher serum albumin level than its mother even before the onset of labour. In infants delivered vaginally, IgM was present in all sera, but IgA was only detected in 32.5 per cent of cases. The puerperal IgA level was significantly higher than the level at delivery in patients who were breast feeding.
POSTPARTUM HAEMOLYTIC URAEMIC SYNDROME: CASE REPORT AND BRIEF REVIEW
Authors: Calvert G. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 22‐year‐old woman developed postpartum acute renal failure due to intra‐renal intravascular coagulation. Treatment with heparin and streptokinase was unsuccessful. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and persistent heart failure with probable cardiomyopathy were features of her illness, remitting with bilateral nephrectomy and a temporarily successful renal transplant.The syndrome of postpartum haemolytic uraemia has recently been recognized. Its features, possible pathogenesis and treatment are discussed. The relevant literature is briefly reviewed. Theraphy with heparin has been successful in two reported cases.
THE USE OF DIAZEPAM AND HYDRALLAZINE IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Joyce D. N. , Kenyon V. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn intravenous infusion of diazapan and hydrallazine was given to 52 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia in labour. The results of this treatment have been compared with those from a similar group of patients treated with a lytic cocktail regime or rectal Avertin (tribromethanol). Diazepam and hydrallazine gave significantly better control of blood pressure than the lytic and Avertin regimes without producing any adverse reactions other than a tendency to hypothermia in the newborn. No patient developed eclampsia while being treated with diazepan and hydrallazine, but one patient had a fit while being treated with a lytic cocktail and had a further fit after subsequent Avertin treatment.
FETAL INTRAPERITONEAL PRESSURE CHANGES DURINGINTRAUTERINE TRANSFUSION
Authors: Holt E. M. , Boyd I. D. , Gillmer M. A. , Naylor C. J. , Thomas G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe change in fetal intraperitoneal pressure during intrauterine transfusion was measured in 8 fetuses on 13 occasions. On 11 occasions a rise in pressure averaging 7 min. Hg was found. This was not thought to be sufficient to jeopardize the umbilical circulation seriously.
MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE VULVA
Authors: Kelly John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and sixty‐four consecutive cases of malignant disease of the vulva have been analyzed with regard to their clinical features and treatment. Delay in seeking treatment or being referred to a specialist was common. The lesions were staged by three different methods and the classification proposed by the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FIGO) showed the closest correlation with the five‐year survival rate. In general, vulvectomy with simultaneous bilateral inguinal and femoral lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice but the extent of the operation should be tailored to the individual patient. With a small lesion (less than 2 cm. in diameter) and in the absence of suspiciously enlarged lymph nodes in the groin a more limited procedure might be justified particularly if the patient is a poor surgical risk. In the few cases with spread of neoplasm to the vatina or anus, pelvic lymphadenectomy will be indicated and possibly some from of exenteration.