bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Cathedral of the Mind to Bulwark of Orthodoxy
Authors: Van Der Biest Jarrik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter assesses whether the term ‘professionalisation’ can be applied to the momentous changes the programme of the Louvain Faculty of Theology underwent during the sixteenth century. These various educational shifts were not the result of a coherent visionary policy implemented by the collegium strictum, the Faculty board, but rather the outcomes of external pressures on the Faculty. Rising student numbers, state-building tactics of the Habsburg monarchy, and the Council of Trent’s programme for Catholic Reform presented diverse challenges to the curriculum that the theologians accommodated through negotiation. Although disparate, these developments did dovetail into a new programme of theological studies, a professionalised one at that. Moreover, by changing the way theological knowledge was transmitted, the knowledge itself altered. Ultimately, the early modern curriculum signals a transformation of the ‘epistemological field’ in which theological ideas were produced and thus indicates a changing conception of theology as a discipline at large.
Beyond the Ars Historica
Authors: de la Porte Eleá 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses how the ars historica lived on and was transformed in a different institutional setting in the Dutch Republic: that of learned societies. Because the activities of Dutch learned societies after 1750 coincided with the public debate on Dutch decline, most members aspired to gather ‘useful’ knowledge that could improve Dutch society. The chapter then analyses the academic prize contests on history of Teyler’s Second Society from 1780 and 1785, placing these entries about historical Pyrrhonism within earlier and broader European debates about historical scepticism and the status of history as a science. It discusses why the authors of the winning entries were optimistic about the possibilities of gaining sound historical knowledge. The chapter also argues that the members of Teyler’s Second Society built upon this optimistic outlook in their subsequent prize contests on history and explains why the content of their prize contests and the assessment of the entries were driven by a strong preference for ‘philosophical’ historiography. Finally, it reflects on the relevance of studying learned societies and academic prize competitions to better understand the development of Dutch and European historical thought in its diverse institutional settings.
Valentina Lepri, Knowledge Transfer and the Early Modern University. Statecraft and Philosophy at the Akademia Zamojska (1595–1627) Scientific and Learned Cultures and Their Institutions, vol. 26. (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2019), pp. xiv + 192.
Authors: Frost Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews Valentina Lepri’s Knowledge Transfer and the Early Modern University. Statecraft and Philosophy at the Akademia Zamojska (1595–1627) (2019). This book demonstrates how the history of the Zamość Academy raises interesting questions about the purpose and the nature of institutions of higher education in the two centuries following the coming of printing and the breaking apart of the Roman Catholic church. The history of the Academy is inextricably bound to the vision of its founder, Jan Zamoyski, who, through talent and ruthlessness, rose from the ranks of the middling nobility in southeastern Poland to dominate Polish politics as grand chancellor and grand hetman. He founded the Academy without a faculty of theology; this shows that the Zamość Academy was by no means a standard European university. Zamoyski, who had played a considerable role in the constitutional revolution between 1572 and 1576, conceived his academy as a scola civilis, whose main purpose was to train young men for an active political life. The major strength of Lepri’s account is her detailed reconstruction and analysis of the nature of the Academy’s curriculum, the scholars who taught it, and the literature on which it was based. However, her presentation of the Polish-Lithuanian political system is not always as precise or as sound as might be wished.
“One Global War on Poverty”
Authors: Jahanbani Sheyda F.A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the policy implications of the emergence of a theory of global poverty among liberals in the years after World War II. Focusing on the ideas and work of Sargent Shriver, the first director of the Peace Corps, this chapter shows how Shriver framed “manpower” as the solution to underdevelopment and built the Peace Corps around that concept. When he became the head of Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty, Shriver and Eunice Kennedy Shriver incorporated the Peace Corps idea into this domestic anti-poverty program. Focusing on the establishment of Volunteers in Service to America, this chapter shows how the same logic underlay poverty-fighting at home and abroad under Shriver’s leadership. Finally, it introduces the little-known Reverse Peace Corps as the most complete realization of the global war on poverty liberals had been working to commence since the 1940s.
Serum ferritin/C-reactive protein ratio is a simple and effective biomarker for diagnosing iron deficiency in the context of systemic inflammation
Authors: Urbanski G , Chabrun F , Lavigne C , Lacout C , Delattre E , Reynier P , Requin J 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Background
Diagnosing iron deficiency is challenging in the presence of systemic inflammation.

Aim
To investigate the relationship between plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TS), with the objective of establishing a straightforward ratio applicable in the presence of inflammatory syndrome.

Design
Test prospective cohort and validation retrospective cohort.

Methods
A prospective cohort of inpatients (n = 140) assessed the correlation between CRP and SF/TS levels. The diagnostic performance of a determined ratio was evaluated for identifying iron deficiency (ID) using different definitions and in the presence of inflammation and/or chronic heart and/or kidney failure. A large validation cohort (n = 795) further assessed the predictive power of this ratio.

Results
In a training cohort (median age 76 years [57–84]), a linear relation was observed between SF (µg/l) and CRP (mg/l), unlike with TS. The SF/CRP ratio accurately predicted ID, with receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) values ranging from 0.85 to 0.92 for different ID definitions. A threshold of ≤6 demonstrated the highest Youden index (0.61). In the validation cohort (age 72 years [57–84]), the SF/CRP ratio exhibited an ROC-AUC of 0.88 [95% CI: 0.85–0.90], with an odds ratio of 37.9 [95% CI: 20.3–68.9] for the threshold of ≤6.

Conclusion
In this study, we demonstrated that the SF/CRP ratio, with a threshold of ≤6, is a simple and effective biomarker for ID, even in the presence of systemic inflammation or comorbidities. This ratio could potentially replace the complex set of criteria currently recommended by learned societies.
Increased risk of osteoporosis and femoral neck fractures in patients with familial Mediterranean fever—a large retrospective cohort study
Authors: Patt Yonatan Shneor , Ben-Shabat Niv , Fisher Lior , Sharif Kassem , Arow Mohamad , Lassman Simon , Watad Abdulla , Skuja Vita , Shtewe Anan H , McGonagle Dennis , Amital Howard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The direct impact of inflammatory conditions and their therapy with corticosteroids contribute to an increased risk of osteoporosis with associated fractures. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disorder not commonly treated with corticosteroids. Evidence regarding FMF association with osteoporosis and femur fractures is anecdotal. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk of osteoporosis and femoral neck fracture in FMF patients compared with the general population.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study using the electronic database of Clalit Health Services of all FMF patients first diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 and controls was conducted including age- and sex-matched controls in a 1:1 ratio. Follow-up continued until the first diagnosis of osteoporosis or fracture. Risk for these conditions was compared using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.

Results
A total of 9769 FMF patients were followed for a median period of 12.5 years. Of these, 304 FMF patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis compared with 191 controls, resulting in an incidence rate (per 10 000 persons-years) of 28.8 and 17.8, respectively, and a crude hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% CI 1.35, 1.93; P &lt; 0.001). Patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis at a considerably younger age than controls [60.1 (s.d. 12.4) vs 62.5 (s.d. 11.0) years; P = 0.028]. A total of 56 FMF patients were diagnosed with femoral neck fracture compared with 35 controls, resulting in an incidence rate of 5.3 and 3.3, respectively, and a crude HR of 1.60 (95% CI 1.05, 2.44; P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
FMF patients are at increased risk for osteoporosis and consequently femur fracture. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering bone health in the management of FMF patients.
Efficacy of water application of a humic substance, butyric acid, vitamins C, D, and E and/or electrolytes on performance and mortality in health-challenged nursery pigs¹
Authors: Edmonds Michael S , Weber Thomas E 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHealth challenges continue to be rampant in nursery pigs which has led to increased industry-wide mortality trends. Therefore, the objective of these three studies was to evaluate a water supplement (HV; HydraVantage, Kent Nutrition Group, Muscatine, IA) which is a proprietary blend of a humic substance, butyric acid, and vitamins C, D, and E, as well as an electrolyte blend on nursery pig performance and mortality. Experiment 1 consisted of 196 crossbred weanling pigs (7 pigs per pen with 14 pens per treatment) which were randomly allotted by BW to two treatments consisting of control (water for 33 d) or HV at 15 g/L of stock solution and proportioned through a medicator (1:128) for 11 d followed by water for 22 d. There were no performance differences. However, mortality was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) from 6.12% for the control to 0.00% for HV. In experiment 2, there were 488 weanling pigs (6 to 10 pigs/pen with 14 pens per treatment) which were randomly allotted by BW to four treatments in a 34-d trial. Treatment 1 was control (water), and treatments 2 and 4 were HV at 15 g/L of stock solution for 11 and 34 d, respectively. Treatment 3 utilized HV at 15 g/L stock solution during days 0 to 11 with 7.5 g HV/L stock solution utilized during days 11 to 21 followed by water. No performance differences were observed among the four treatments. Mortality was 10.89%, 4.82%, 5.54%, and 7.26% for treatments 1 to 4, respectively, with treatment 1 having a higher mortality (P &lt; 0.05) compared to treatments 2 to 4. In experiment 3, a 2 × 2 factorial study was conducted (7 pigs per pen with 14 pens per treatment) in which the treatments were: 1) water; 2) HV at 15 g/L stock solution for 34 d; 3) electrolytes at 241 g/L stock solution for 34 d; and 4) HV at 15 g/L of stock solution and electrolytes at 226 g/L of stock for 34 d. Overall pen gain tended to be improved (P = 0.09) with supplemental HV. Moreover, mortality was reduced (P = 0.06) by 36% (16.86% mortality for treatments 1 and 3 vs. 10.73% mortality for treatments 2 and 4). Supplemental electrolytes had no effect on mortality. These data suggest that HV has a positive effect by reducing mortality in nursery pigs undergoing health challenges.
Integrative revision of species limits in the genus Schiffornis (Aves: Tityridae) reveals cryptic diversity in the Neotropics
Authors: Lima Rafael Dantas , Bocalini Fernanda , Silveira Luís Fábio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Accurate species delimitation is essential for many biological subdisciplines. Nonetheless, current species diversity remains incompletely documented even in well-studied groups such as birds. Here, we take an integrative approach to examine species limits in the genus Schiffornis, a widespread group of dull-plumaged, whistle-voiced suboscine passerines of Neotropical humid-forest understory, currently considered to comprise seven species. We measured geographic variation in song, morphology, and mitochondrial and genome-wide nuclear markers to resolve the taxonomy of the genus. We show that Schiffornis comprises 13 separately evolving population lineages, of which most qualify as species taxa under all species definitions. These include a cryptic new species, several species splits, and the resurrection of a morphologically undifferentiated, but vocally and genetically distinct, taxon that was synonymized nearly a century ago in the Schiffornis turdina complex. We also found several hitherto unnoticed contact zones between diverging lineages and a leapfrog pattern of geographic song variation in the S. turdina complex, and we highlight potential avenues of further research of this genus.
Limited Audiological Assessment Results in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Merchant Gabrielle R. , Al-Salim Sarah , Skretta Delaney , Tempero Richard M. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:Clinical practice guidelines predicate the need for evaluation of hearing in children with otitis media with effusion (OME). The objective of this work was to characterize the completeness of hearing assessment results in children with OME.Design:Forty participants with OME completed two full audiological assessments, one in a clinical setting and a second in a research setting. An additional 14 participants without OME completed a single audiological assessment in the research setting as a control group. The success of various behavioral and objective audiometric tests in each setting was quantified and evaluated.Results:Findings indicate that ear-specific behavioral audiometric information is substantially limited in children with OME, particularly in clinical settings. In contrast, objective testing including tympanometry and otoacoustic emission testing was largely successful.Conclusions:Ear-specific behavioral audiometric information is limited in children with OME and, consequently, consideration of these data for use as part of clinical decision making is also limited. Objective tests were more successful but are not direct measures of hearing.
Discoidin Domain Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1 (DDR1) Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Liposarcoma: A Tissue Microarray Study
Authors: Dean Dylan C. , Feng Wenlong , Walker Robert L. , Thanindratarn Pichaya , Temple H. Thomas , Trent Jonathan C. , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Liposarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. As these tumors often arise near vital organs and neurovascular structures, complete resection can be challenging; consequently, recurrence rates are high. Additionally, available chemotherapeutic agents have shown limited benefit and substantial toxicities. There is, therefore, a clear and unmet need for novel therapeutics for liposarcoma. Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1) is involved in adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and metastasis in several cancers. However, the expression and clinical importance of DDR1 in liposarcoma are unknown.

Questions/purposes
The purposes of this study were to assess (1) the expression, (2) the association between DDR1 and survival, and (3) the functional roles of DDR1 in liposarcoma.

Methods
The correlation between DDR1 expression in tumor tissues and clinicopathological features and survival was assessed via immunohistochemical staining of a liposarcoma tissue microarray. It contained 53 samples from 42 patients with liposarcoma and 11 patients with lipoma. The association between DDR1 and survival in liposarcoma was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests. The DDR1 knockout liposarcoma cell lines were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The DDR1-specific and highly selective DDR1 inhibitor 7RH was applied to determine the impact of DDR1 expression on liposarcoma cell growth and proliferation. In addition, the effect of DDR1 inhibition on liposarcoma growth was further accessed in a three-dimensional cell culture model to mimic DDR1 effects in vivo.

Results
The results demonstrate elevated expression of DDR1 in all liposarcoma subtypes relative to benign lipomas. Specifically, high DDR1 expression was seen in 55% (23 of 42) of liposarcomas and no benign lipomas. However, DDR1 expression was not found to be associated with poor survival in patients with liposarcoma. DDR1 knockout or treatment of 7RH showed decreased liposarcoma cell growth and proliferation.

Conclusion
DDR1 is aberrantly expressed in liposarcoma, and it contributes to several markers of oncogenesis in these tumors.

Clinical Relevance
This work supports DDR1 as a promising therapeutic target in liposarcoma.
A Simple, Cost-effective Microsuction Device
Authors: Alfaqeeh Faisal A. , Alhusain Abdullah M. , Andejani Doaa 
Published: September 2023

Summary:
In our proposed device, we converted a large suction tube into a small tube with reduced suction velocity. This can aid in microsurgical procedures in which meticulous suctioning while minimizing trauma to the surrounding structures is essential. This device can relieve the surgeon from having to be cautious about injuring any anastomoses or neurovascular structures while suctioning.
A Longitudinal Study of Group A Streptococcal Colonization and Pharyngitis in US Children
Authors: Frenck Robert W. , Laudat France , Liang John , Giordano-Schmidt Donna , Jansen Kathrin U. , Gruber William , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Scully Ingrid L. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Group A streptococci (GAS) are a major cause of pharyngitis in children. Recently, there were severe GAS outbreaks. The aims of this study were to assess pharyngeal colonization prevalence in healthy children, to assess different diagnostic definitions for GAS pharyngitis and to estimate incidence rates for these infections.

Methods:
A 2-year longitudinal study was conducted in healthy children in the United States. Pharyngeal swabs were cultured every 3 months for GAS colonization. Serum antistreptolysin O, antideoxyribonuclease B (DNaseB) and antistreptococcal C5a peptidase (SCP) antibody titers were assessed at baseline. When participants developed a sore throat, pharyngeal swabs were collected for rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and culture, and antibody titers were determined in serum samples. A range of case definitions were used for GAS pharyngitis.

Results:
A total of 422 children 3–12 years old were enrolled (140, 141 and 141 were 3–5, 6–9 and 10–12 years of age, respectively). The overall prevalence of GAS colonization during the study was 48%. Baseline antistreptolysin O, anti-DNaseB and anti-SCP antibody titers were higher for children older than 5 years. The incidence of GAS pharyngitis per 100 person-years was 15.9 for RADT/culture-proven and 4.6 for serologically confirmed pharyngitis.

Conclusions:
GAS throat colonization and pharyngitis were frequent in children 3–12 years old. The case definition employed impacted the measured incidence of GAS pharyngitis, with higher rates detected using RADT/culture-based definitions. These data suggest that case definition is important and that young children are exposed to GAS, which may inform plans for vaccine development and implementation.
Attitudes and Beliefs of Wildland Firefighters Toward Occupational Health Services
Authors: Klossner Tess M. , Drescher Matthew J. , Games Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2023

Context
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are at an increased risk of health conditions, injuries, and illnesses related to sustained levels of intense physical activity. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore the current attitudes and beliefs of WLFFs regarding health services. Methods: We used consensual qualitative research design for this study. Participants engaged in an online, semistructured interview. Results: We identified four domains: (1) risk mitigation strategies, (2) culture of fire services, (3) access to health care services, and 4) identification of health care gap. Conclusions: Access to occupational health services for WLFFs is readily available in the form of emergency medical care. However, a lack of regular access to physical medicine and the continuation of care beyond acute treatment was apparent.
Incidence of Cochlear Implant Electrode Contacts in the Functional Acoustic Hearing Region and the Influence on Speech Recognition with Electric–Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Nix Evan P. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Brown Kevin D. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Selleck A. Morgan , Overton Andrea B. , Canfarotta Michael W. , Dillon Margaret T. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
To investigate the incidence of electrode contacts within the functional acoustic hearing region in cochlear implant (CI) recipients and to assess its influence on speech recognition for electric–acoustic stimulation (EAS) users.

Study Design
Retrospective review.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
One hundred five CI recipients with functional acoustic hearing preservation (≤80 dB HL at 250 Hz)

Interventions
Cochlear implantation with a 24-, 28-, or 31.5-mm lateral wall electrode array.

Main Outcome Measures
Angular insertion depth (AID) of individual contacts was determined from imaging. Unaided acoustic thresholds and AID were used to calculate the proximity of contacts to the functional acoustic hearing region. The association between proximity values and speech recognition in quiet and noise for EAS users at 6 months postactivation was reviewed.

Results
Sixty percent of cases had one or more contacts within the functional acoustic hearing region. Proximity was not significantly associated with speech recognition in quiet. Better performance in noise was observed for cases with close correspondence between the most apical contact and the upper edge of residual hearing, with poorer results for increasing proximity values in either the basal or apical direction (r
14 = 0.48, p = 0.043; r
18 = −0.41, p = 0.045, respectively).

Conclusion
There was a high incidence of electrode contacts within the functional acoustic hearing region, which is not accounted for with default mapping procedures. The variability in outcomes across EAS users with default maps may be due in part to electric-on-acoustic interference, electric frequency-to-place mismatch, and/or failure to stimulate regions intermediate between the most apical electrode contact and the functional acoustic hearing region.