bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Cell Profiling of Bone Marrow B Cells and Early B Cell Developmental Disorders Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dong Chen , Guo Yicheng , Chen Zechuan , Li Teng , Ji Juan , Sun Chi , Li Jing , Cao Haixia , Xia Yunfei , Xue Zhonghui , Gu Xixi , Liang Qian , Zhao Rui , Fu Ting , Ma Jiaqiang , Jiang Shan , Wu Chunmei , Fu Qiong , Guo Genkai , Bao Yanfeng , Guo Hua , Yang Junling , Xu Min , Zhang Xiaoming , Sheng Zizhang , Gu Zhifeng 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe peripheral B cell compartment is heavily disturbed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but whether B cells develop aberrantly in the bone marrow (BM) is largely unknown.MethodsWe performed single‐cell RNA/B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing and immune profiling of BM B cells and classified patients with SLE into two groups: early B cell (Pro‐B and Pre‐B) normal (EBnor) and EB defective/low (EBlo) groups.ResultsThe SLE‐EBlo group exhibited more severe disease activity and proinflammatory status, overaction of type I interferon signaling and metabolic pathways within the B cell compartment, and aberrant BCR repertoires compared with the SLE‐EBnor group. Moreover, in one patient with SLE who was initially classified in the SLE‐EBlo group, early B cell deficiency and associated abnormalities were largely rectified in a second BM sample at the remission phase.ConclusionIn summary, this study suggests that early B cell loss in BM defines a unique pathological state in a subset of patients with SLE that may play an active role in the dysregulated autoimmune responses.
A Reusable Fluorescent Molecular Self‐Assembly Cage for Simultaneous Detection and Recycling of Silver(I) Ion
Authors: Yu Haitao , Luo Yanju , Luo Shuai , Zhu Wencheng , Chen Shunwei , Lu Zhiyun , Zheng Xujun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough molecular self‐assembled porous materials capable of ratiometric fluorescence probing and recycling of metal ions are both economically and environmentally attractive, very few current efforts have been devoted. Herein, we demonstrated a three‐dimensional pure organic cage, namely 4‐cage, which can serve as a fluorescent probe for simultaneous ratiometric detection and recycling of Ag+ ion. Taking advantage of the promising emission behavior of its rigidified tetraphenylethylene scaffolds and the chelating ability of its dynamically reversible imine moieties, on one hand, upon the addition of Ag+, 4‐cage undergoes coordination to form a stable but poorly soluble fluorescent complex, Ag+@4‐cage, accompanied by a fluorescence color change from bluish‐green to yellowish‐green. This allows us to differentiate Ag+ from other cations with high selectivity. On the other hand, upon the addition of Cl− anion, Ag+@4‐cage can be effectively converted into free 4‐cage due to the competitive coordination of Cl− with Ag+. Through this process, secondary usage of 4‐cage and the recycling of Ag+ ion can be achieved.
A landscape of recent advances in lipid nanoparticles and their translational potential for the treatment of solid tumors
Authors: Paun Radu A. , Jurchuk Sarah , Tabrizian Maryam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are biocompatible drug delivery systems that have found numerous applications in medicine. Their versatile nature enables the encapsulation and targeting of various types of medically relevant molecular cargo, including oligonucleotides, proteins, and small molecules for the treatment of diseases, such as cancer. Cancers that form solid tumors are particularly relevant for LNP‐based therapeutics due to the enhanced permeation and retention effect that allows nanoparticles to accumulate within the tumor tissue. Additionally, LNPs can be formulated for both locoregional and systemic delivery depending on the tumor type and stage. To date, LNPs have been used extensively in the clinic to reduce systemic toxicity and improve outcomes in cancer patients by encapsulating chemotherapeutic drugs. Next‐generation lipid nanoparticles are currently being developed to expand their use in gene therapy and immunotherapy, as well as to enable the co‐encapsulation of multiple drugs in a single system. Other developments include the design of targeted LNPs to specific cells and tissues, and triggerable release systems to control cargo delivery at the tumor site. This review paper highlights recent developments in LNP drug delivery formulations and focuses on the treatment of solid tumors, while also discussing some of their current translational limitations and potential opportunities in the field.
Experimental study of wastewater micropollutant removal by solar photo‐Fenton using a virtual lab
Authors: Guadalupe Pinna‐Hernández María , Casas López José Luis , Esteban García Ana Belén , Zurano Ana Sánchez , Fernández Sevilla José María 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNew technologies are providing opportunities for the design of novel educational methodologies. Virtual laboratories can simulate real conditions, thus reducing the workload of teachers and students, and removing the costs associated with laboratory or pilot plant tests. The present work describes the creation of a virtual and interactive lab using the Easy JavaScript Simulation (EJsS) 6.0 tool. The solar photo‐Fenton process for the degradation of the Acetamiprid pesticide (ACTM) as a micropollutant model in wastewater was implemented in discontinuous mode in a stirred tank reactor (STR) and in continuous mode in a raceway pond reactor (RPR). The objective was to achieve a virtual tool that would allow easy, intuitive connection to different devices (laptops, tablets, and smartphones), simplifying the difficulties related to teaching technology. This contribution details the design and implementation process of the model for its use as support material for theoretical classes. The virtual tool presented in this article is an example of how the EJsS platform can be used to teach dynamics systems in chemical engineering.
COVID‐19‐associated liver injury: Adding fuel to the flame
Authors: Wang Yingqian , Shen Min , Li Yujia , Shao Jiangjuan , Zhang Feng , Guo Mei , Zhang Zili , Zheng Shizhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 is mainly characterized by respiratory disorders and progresses to multiple organ involvement in severe cases. With expansion of COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 research, correlative liver injury has been revealed. It is speculated that COVID‐19 patients exhibited abnormal liver function, as previously observed in the SARS and MERS pandemics. Furthermore, patients with underlying diseases such as chronic liver disease are more susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 and indicate a poor prognosis accompanied by respiratory symptoms, systemic inflammation, or metabolic diseases. Therefore, COVID‐19 has the potential to impair liver function, while individuals with preexisting liver disease suffer from much worse infected conditions. COVID‐19 related liver injury may be owing to direct cytopathic effect, immune dysfunction, gut−liver axis interaction, and inappropriate medication use. However, discussions on these issues are infancy. Expanding research have revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression mediated the combination of virus and target cells, iron metabolism participated in the virus life cycle and the fate of target cells, and amino acid metabolism regulated immune response in the host cells, which are all closely related to liver health. Further exploration holds great significance in elucidating the pathogenesis, facilitating drug development, and advancing clinical treatment of COVID‐19‐related liver injury. This article provides a review of the clinical and laboratory hepatic characteristics in COVID‐19 patients, describes the etiology and impact of liver injury, and discusses potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
An Enzymatic Cofactor Regeneration System for the in‐Vitro Reduction of Isolated C=C Bonds by Geranylgeranyl Reductases
Authors: Niese Richard , Deshpande Ketaki , Müller Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCofactor regeneration systems are of major importance for the applicability of oxidoreductases in biocatalysis. Previously, geranylgeranyl reductases have been investigated for the enzymatic reduction of isolated C=C bonds. However, an enzymatic cofactor‐regeneration system for in vitro use is lacking. In this work, we report a ferredoxin from the archaea Archaeoglobus fulgidus that regenerates the flavin of the corresponding geranylgeranyl reductase. The proteins were heterologously produced, and the regeneration was coupled to a ferredoxin reductase from Escherichia coli and a glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis, thereby enabling the reduction of isolated C=C bonds by purified enzymes. The system was applied in crude, cell‐free extracts and gave conversions comparable to those of a previous method using sodium dithionite for cofactor regeneration. Hence, an enzymatic approach to the reduction of isolated C=C bonds can be coupled with common systems for the regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors, thereby opening new perspectives for the application of geranylgeranyl reductases in biocatalysis.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in urological cancers: Prostate, bladder, and kidney
Authors: Saadh Mohamed J. , Alhuthali Hayaa M. , Gonzales Aníbal Oblitas , Asenjo‐Alarcón José Ander , Younus Dhuha Ghassan , Alhili Ahmed , Adhab Zainab Hussein , Alsalmi Ohud , Gharib Amal F. , Pecho Renzon Daniel Cosme , Akhavan‐Sigari Reza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized for their remarkable ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. They are also known to possess properties that can fight cancer, leading to attempts to modify MSCs for use in anticancer treatments. However, MSCs have also been found to participate in pathways that promote tumor growth. Many studies have been conducted to explore the potential of MSCs for clinical applications, but the results have been inconclusive, possibly due to the diverse nature of MSC populations. Furthermore, the conflicting roles of MSCs in inhibiting tumors and promoting tumor growth hinder their adaptation to anticancer therapies. Antitumorigenic and protumorigenic properties of MSCs in urological cancers such as bladder, prostate, and renal are not as well established, and data comparing them are still limited. MSCs hold significant promise as a vehicle for delivering anticancer agents and suicide genes to tumors. Presently, numerous studies have concentrated on the products derived from MSCs, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a form of cell‐free therapy. This work aimed to review and discuss the current knowledge of MSCs and their EVs in urological cancer therapy.
How to perform a successful drug‐coated balloon angioplasty? Tips and tricks
Authors: Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Kalkat Harkaran , Bhatia Gurbir , Cortese Bernardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrug‐coated balloons (DCB) offer an excellent alternative to stents as the antiproliferative drugs are delivered via balloons and hence there is no permanent implant of metal or polymer. This rationale applies perfectly in in‐stent restenosis (ISR) as we want to avoid another layer of metal in a previously failed stent. However, their use has also been extended to de novo lesions especially in patients and lesion subsets where stents are not ideal. There is an increased desire toward expanding this further and studies are now being done which are testing DCB in large‐caliber vessels. As the use of DCB is escalating, we felt the importance of writing this article whereby we aim to provide important tips and tricks when using DCB especially for the operators who are in the early phase or have the desire of embarking this technology. From our experience, the DCB‐angioplasty substantially differs on several aspects from DES‐angioplasty. We have provided several case bases examples including algorithm when using DCB in ISR and de novo lesions.
Ellis type 4 coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention: Case series and review
Authors: Majeed Harris , Blankenship James C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEllis type 4 coronary artery perforation (CAP4), also referred to as Ellis type 3 cavity‐spilling perforation, is a rare but life‐threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention characterized by extravasation of blood into a cardiac chamber, anatomic cavity, or coronary sinus or vessel. CAP4 is uncommon, accounting for 1.9% to 3.0% of all CAP. Only 11 cases of CAP4 have been reported in detail; we report an additional two cases and review prior reports of this rare complication. Our first case highlights a patient with chronic anginal symptoms due to a 75% concentric stenotic lesion in the mid‐LAD. Revascularization was complicated by perforation during pre‐dilation with robust contrast extravasation into the left ventricle. Successful postperforation hemostasis was achieved with heparin reversal and covered stent placement. The second case demonstrates another major mechanism of CAP4: wire perforation. During intervention, the absence of blood flow distal to the lesion in the setting of an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction obscured the course of the nonhydrophilic floppy wire leading to perforation that was managed conservatively.In our scoping review, we found that the majority of CAP4 occurred in the LAD. The most frequently involved cavity was the left ventricle—other cavities involved were the right ventricle and coronary veins. Common etiologies of CAP4 included guidewire perforation (62%) and balloon dilation (31%). Perforation was managed with reversal of anticoagulation in 46% of cases, prolonged balloon inflation in 54% of cases, and covered stent deployment in 15% of cases. No patients required surgical repair or pericardiocentesis and perforations were successfully sealed in all cases. In‐hospital mortality was 0%.
The everolimus eluting Synergy MegatronTMdrug‐eluting stent platform: Early outcomes from the European Synergy MegatronTMImplanters' Registry
Authors: De Silva Kalpa , Li Kam Wa Matthew E. , Wells Tim , Mozid Abdul , Ladwiniec Andrew , Hynes Brian G. , Kotecha Ashish , Ratib Karim , Biswas Sinjini , Amabile Nicolas , Deharo Pierre , McEntagart Margaret , Spratt James C. , Digne Franck , Hogg Meadhbh , Mailey Jonathan A. , Walsh Simon J. , Kalra Sundeep S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Synergy MegatronTMis an everolimus‐drug eluting stent that may offer advantages in the treatment of aorto‐ostial disease and large proximal vessels.AimsTo report the short‐ to medium‐term clinical outcomes from the European Synergy MegatronTMImplanters' Registry.MethodsThis registry was an investigator‐initiated study conducted at 14 European centers. The primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF), defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularisation.ResultsFive hundred seventy‐five patients underwent PCI with MegatronTMbetween 2019 and 2021. Patients were 69 ± 12 years old, 26% had diabetes mellitus, 24% had moderate‐severe left ventricular impairment and 59% presented with an acute coronary syndrome. 15% were deemed prohibitively high risk for surgical revascularisation. The target vessel involved the left main stem in 55%, the ostium of the RCA in 13% and was a true bifurcation (Medina 1,1,1) in 50%. At 1 year, TLF was observed in 40 patients, with 26 (65%) occurring within the first 30 days. The cumulative incidence of TLF was 4.5% at 30 days and 8.6% (95% CI 6.3–11.7) at 1 year. The incidence of stent thrombosis was 0.5% with no late stent thromboses. By multivariate analysis, the strongest independent predictors of TLF were severe left ventricular impairment (HR 3.43, 95% CI: 1.67–6.76,p < 0.001) and a target vessel involving the left main (HR 4.00 95% CI 1.81–10.15p = 0.001).ConclusionsUse of the Synergy MegatronTMeverolimus eluting stent in a ‘real‐world’ setting shows favorable outcomes at 30 days and 1 year.
Treatment strategy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with symptomatic central nervous system involvement: A case report
Authors: Dewaide Rosina , Saevels Kirsten 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis case report offers support for treatment approaches in a historically rare and very difficult to treat CLL patient population with no established guidelines.AbstractCentral nervous system involvement of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a rare condition. Its diagnosis is often challenging, and treatment can be difficult with a lack of established guidelines. We describe a case of a 76‐year‐old male Caucasian with known chronic lymphocytic leukemia for more than 25 years, initially treated with chlorambucil. Upon first clinical relapse, cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization combined showed three different abnormalities (complex karyotype), suggesting a poor prognosis. He was started on ibrutinib but developed an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation 2 months later. Ibrutinib treatment was consequently discontinued. Due to the seriousness of the adverse event and the lack of apparent treatment indication after rapid improvement on ibrutinib, a watch‐and‐wait approach was maintained. Four years later, he developed progressive cognitive impairment, a balance disorder, and a peripheral facial nerve palsy. Anamnesis further revealed significant progressive weight loss. Routine blood tests did not show any abnormalities, but brain magnetic resonance imaging showed focal staining of cranial nerves and leptomeningeal staining. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed the same monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis as that was already known to be present in the peripheral blood. Further analysis ruled out sample contamination or other conditions. PET‐CT scan revealed an increased uptake in the liver, and biopsy confirmed infiltration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia at the site. The patient was first started on treatment with intrathecal administration of dexamethasone, cytarabine, and methotrexate. This did not result in complete clearance in the cerebrospinal fluid. Next, oral venetoclax was initiated, resulting in rapid clearance and clinical resolution. Venetoclax, administered orally, was able to achieve clearance of the monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis from the cerebrospinal fluid as well as clinical response of neurological symptoms. Response was durable with persistent remission at 1 year of treatment.
Cobalt Coordination Polymers Offering Hydrogen Bonding Cavities as Efficient Catalysts for Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pachisia Sanya , Goyal Hina , Aashish  , Kumar Gulshan , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work presents synthesis and characterization of two cobalt‐based coordination polymers (CPs) prepared by using two positionally related pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide fragment‐based ligands containing appended arylcarboxylic acid groups. While arylcarboxylate groups of ligands coordinate to the Co(II) ions to produce 2D CPs; the amidic N−H groups remain free and generate large cavities lined with hydrogen bonds. Such hydrogen bonding cavities based CPs were found to reversibly adsorb molecular iodine. The Lewis acidic Co(II) ions and metal‐coordinated labile solvent molecules in CPs promoted noteworthy heterogeneous catalysis for Friedel crafts reactions as well as multicomponent condensation reactions.
Porous Aromatic Framework Covalently Embedded with N‐Hydroxyphthalimide as Metal‐free Heterogeneous Catalyst for Highly Efficient and Selective Aerobic Oxidation
Authors: Fan Tao , Wang Man , Yin Ying , Fang Lei , Xu Hui , Wu Guocai , Li Liangchun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdeal catalysts with all‐around advantages including high efficiency and selectivity, environment‐benign and good recyclability, etc. have been long‐sought yet challenging. Herein, the stable porous aromatic framework covalently embedded with N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) organocatalytic site was constructed to establish an ideal catalytic system. The synthesized PAF‐NHPI catalyst was demonstrated to be metal‐free, highly efficient, selective, recyclable and heterogeneous for the aerobic oxidation of various alcohols, aldehydes, olefins, and hydrosilanes (totally 66 examples). As a proof‐of‐concept, the continuous PAF‐NHPI packed bed reactor achieved persistent conversion of 1‐phenylethanol to acetophenone up to 95 % yield. This work provides the inspiration for developing ideal catalysts in practical production of fine chemicals.
Conformational Studies of β‐Azapeptoid Foldamers: A New Class of Peptidomimetics with Confined Dihedrals
Authors: Anshulata  , Vishnoi Pratap , Kanta Sarma Bani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractControlling amide bond geometries and the secondary structures of β‐peptoids is a challenging task as they contain several rotatable single bonds in their backbone. Herein, we describe the synthesis and conformational properties of novel “β‐azapeptoids” with confined dihedrals. We discuss how the acylhydrazide sidechains in these molecules enforce trans amide geometries (ω ~180°) via steric and stereoelectronic effects. We also show that the Θ(Cα‐Cβ) and Ψ(OC‐Cα) backbone torsions of β‐azapeptoids occupy a narrow range (170–180°) that can be rationalized by the staggered conformational preference of the backbone methylene carbons and a novel backbone nO→σ*Cβ‐N interaction discovered in this study. However, the ϕ (Cβ‐N) torsion remains freely rotatable and, depending on ϕ, the sidechains can be parallel, perpendicular, and anti‐parallel relative to each other. In fact, we observed parallel and perpendicular relative orientations of sidechains in the crystal geometries of β‐azapeptoid dimers. We show that ϕ of β‐azapeptoids can be controlled by incorporating a bulky substituent at the backbone β‐carbon, which could provide complete control over all the backbone dihedrals. Finally, we show that the ϕ and Ψ dihedrals of β‐azapeptoids resemble that of a PPII helix and they retain PPII structure when incorporated in Host–guest proline peptides.
tert‐butanol and hydrogen peroxide react over Amberlyst‐15 to form tert‐butyl hydroperoxide
Authors: El Kfoury Marie‐Thérèse , Chub Olga V. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic peroxides are explosive compounds that are applied as disinfectants, bleaching agents, and as initiators for polymer synthesis because of their high reactivity. Traditional homogeneous processes with H2SO4 catalyst produce salts, either in the neturalization step after reaction or due to the foramtion of tert‐butyl hydrogen sulphate, that must be disposed of, which introduces cost and represents an environmental burden. Here, we devised a flow chemistry approach to oxidize tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) over various heterogeneous catalysts. Under acidic conditions, TBHP is the main product and di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) and peroxy‐ketal are by‐products. The most active catalyst was Amberlyst‐15, while yield of Nafion, activated carbon, and heteropoly acids (HPA) on carbon and silica matrices was less than 1% at 70°C. In in the range of 30 to 50°C, a first order kinetic expression characterizes the tert‐butyl alcohol conversion well (). The reaction rate is slow and the rate constant, , was 0.003 min−1. Above 50°C, by‐products reacted further to acetone, methane, ethane, and other compounds.