bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of 30-day, 90-day and 1 year mortality after colorectal cancer surgery using a data-driven approach
Authors: Bräuner Karoline Bendix , Tsouchnika Andi , Mashkoor Maliha , Williams Ross , Rosen Andreas Weinberger , Hartwig Morten Frederik Schlaikjaer , Bulut Mustafa , Dohrn Niclas , Rijnbeek Peter , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To develop prediction models for short-term mortality risk assessment following colorectal cancer surgery.
Background: Individual risk prediction for mortality following CRC surgery can assist surgeons in clinical decision-making and patient-centered care. Several risk scoring systems exist to assess the risk of postoperative mortality following a CRC resection, but they are based on intra- or postoperative variables or do not represent contemporary clinical practice.
Methods: Data was harmonized from four Danish observational health databases into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. With a data-driven approach using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator logistic regression on preoperative data, we developed 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality prediction models. We assessed discriminative performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curve and calibration using calibration slope, intercept, and calibration-in-the-large. We additionally assessed model performance in subgroups of curative, palliative, elective, and emergency surgery.
Results: A total of 57,558 patients were included in the study population. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.88, 0.878, and 0.861 for 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality respectively, and a calibration-in-the-large of 1.01, 0.99, and 0.99.
Conclusion: We were able to train prediction models for the risk of short-term mortality on a data set of four combined national health databases with good discrimination and calibration.
Using fMRI to explore the central regulatory mechanism of swallowing initiation in the post-stroke pharyngeal phase
Authors: Wu Haoyue , Wang Yunlu , Hu Wenxi , Zhu Lequn , Xing Xiangxin , Liu Jiayi , Zou Botao , Gu Lin , Wan Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The central mechanism of swallowing initiation during the pharyngeal phase has already been investigated but not clarified. The aim of this study is to explore the central regulatory mechanisms and the pathological mechanisms involved in swallowing disorders with delayed swallow initiation during the pharyngeal phase. The full understanding of these mechanisms would provide an experimental basis for the development of more effective swallowing treatments.
Methods
We selected thirteen stroke patients with delayed swallow initiation identified by Video Fluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS), with nineteen healthy subjects as control group. Functional magnetic resonance scans of relevant brain sites were obtained, in order to record and analyze the differences between the two groups in activation volume and intensity in the functional areas of the brain during dry swallowing.
Results
The activation range of the bilateral supplementary motor areas, right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus increased in stroke patients after stimulation of the anterior faucial pillars with ice (P < 0.05). In addition, the activation range of the left supplementary motor area, the right lateral superior frontal gyrus, and the right posterior cingulate gyrus after treatment was even larger than what was observed in healthy subjects (P < 0.005).
Conclusion
The main brain areas regulating swallowing initiation include the left supplementary motor area, the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, the left cuneus, and the right posterior cingulate gyrus. Amongst them, the left supplementary motor area and the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus are motor centers, while the left cuneus and the right posterior cingulate gyrus are sensory centers.
Reliable Anti-Cancer Drug Sensitivity Prediction and Prioritization
Authors: Lenhof Kerstin , Eckhart Lea , Rolli Lisa-Marie , Volkamer Andrea , Lenhof Hans-Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The application of machine learning (ML) to solve real-world problems does not only bear great potential but also high risk. One fundamental challenge in risk mitigation is to ensure the reliability of the ML predictions, i.e., the model error should be minimized, and the prediction uncertainty should be estimated. Especially for medical applications, the importance of reliable predictions can not be understated. Here, we address this challenge for anti-cancer drug sensitivity prediction and prioritization. To this end, we present a novel drug sensitivity prediction and prioritization approach guaranteeing user-specified certainty levels. The developed conformal prediction (CP) approach is applicable to classification, regression, and simultaneous regression and classification. Additionally, we propose a novel drug sensitivity measure that is based on clinically relevant drug concentrations and enables a straightforward prioritization of drugs for a given cancer sample.
Easy attention: A simple self-attention mechanism for transformer-based time-series reconstruction and prediction
Authors: Vinuesa Ricardo , Sanchis-Agudo Marcial , Wang Yuning , Guastoni Luca , Duraisamy Karthik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

To improve the robustness of transformer neural networks used for temporal-dynamics prediction of chaotic systems, we propose a novel attention mechanism called easy attention which we
demonstrate in time-series reconstruction and prediction. As a consequence of the fact that self attention only makes use of the inner product of queries and keys, it is demonstrated that the keys, queries and softmax are not necessary for obtaining the attention score required to capture
long-term dependencies in temporal sequences. Through the singular-value decomposition (SVD)
on the softmax attention score, we further observe that self attention compresses the contributions
from both queries and keys in the spanned space of the attention score. Therefore, our proposed
easy-attention method directly treats the attention scores as learnable parameters. This approach
produces excellent results when reconstructing and predicting the temporal dynamics of chaotic
systems exhibiting more robustness and less complexity than self attention or the widely-used long
short-term memory (LSTM) network. Our results show great potential for applications in more
complex high-dimensional dynamical systems.
Collaborative study of thresholds for mutagens: Hormetic responses in the micronucleus test and gene induction by mutagenic treatments
Authors: Sutou Shizuyo , Koeda Akiko , Komatsu Kana , Shiragiku Toshiyuki , Seki Hiroshi , Kudo Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The linear no-threshold model (LNT) asserts that the genetic effects and carcinogenicity of radiation are proportional to the dose. LNT is also applied to carcinogens and mutagens. However, most experimental data show that the dose-response curve is not linear but rather a J-shaped curve, known as a hormetic response. LNT and hormesis are mutually exclusive. Which is correct? In this study, we investigated dose-response curves of mutagens in the micronucleus test using rodent cells. Since the frequency of background micronuclei was low, detecting a further decrease was difficult. When we conducted a challenge test, where cells were pre-treated with a low dose and post-treated with a high dose, clear hormetic responses were observed. Additionally, during a cross-reaction test, where cells were pre-treated with a low dose of one mutagen and post-treated with a high dose of another mutagen, unequivocal hormetic responses were detected. To investigate gene expression patterns, human lymphoma TK6 cells were treated with mitomycin C, ethyl methanesulfonate, and hydrogen peroxide, and the expression of six genes was examined by RT-PCR. Both GADD45A and p21 genes were induced in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the mutagens used here exhibit hormesis, indicating that the LNT model is invalid.
Temporally Aligned Segmentation and Clustering (TASC): A generalized framework for behavior time series analysis
Authors: Zinkovskaia Ekaterina , Tahary Orel , Loewenstern Yocheved , Benaroya-Milshtein Noa , Bar-Gad Izhar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Behavior exhibits a complex spatiotemporal structure consisting of discrete sub-behaviors, or motifs. Continuous behavior data requires segmentation and clustering to reveal these embedded motifs. The popularity of automatic behavior quantification is growing, but existing solutions are often tailored to specific needs and are not designed for the time scale and precision required in many experimental and clinical settings. Here we propose a generalized framework with an iterative approach to refine both segmentation and clustering. Temporally Aligned Segmentation and Clustering (TASC) uses temporal linear alignment to compute distances between and align the recurring behavior motifs in a multidimensional time series, enabling precise segmentation and clustering. We introduce an alternating-step process: evaluation of temporal neighbors against current cluster centroids using linear alignment, alternating with selecting the best non-overlapping segments and their subsequent reclustering. The framework is evaluated on semi-synthetic and real-world experimental and clinical data, demonstrating enhanced segmentation and clustering offering a better foundation for consequent research. The framework may be used to extend existing tools in the field of behavior research and may be applied to other domains requiring high precision of time series segmentation.
Analysis of treatment response with proteins related to tumor immunity in postoperative irradiated cervical cancer patients
Authors: Mafune Shoh , Someya Masanori , Hasegawa Tomokazu , Tsuchiya Takaaki , Kitagawa Mio , Gocho Toshio , Okuda Ryu , Iwasaki Masahiro , Matsuura Motoki , Kubo Terufumi , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Torigoe Toshihiko , Saito Tsuyoshi , Sakata Koh-ichi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We evaluated the relationship between programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and prognosis in patients treated with postoperative radiation for cervical cancer and the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on this relationship. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on biopsy specimens from 42 patients who did not receive NAC and from paired samples before (biopsies) and after (resected tissues) chemotherapy from 46 patients who received NAC to determine the association of PD-L1 with radiotherapy outcomes. In the non-NAC group, patients with ≥ 10% PD-L1-expressing tumor cells prior to treatment had better recurrence-free survival (RFS) than those with < 10% PD-L1-expressing tumor cells (p = 0.001). In the NAC group, RFS was significantly lower (p = 0.005) in the group with a ≥ 5% reduction of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells after chemotherapy than in those with < 5% reduction. In multivariate analysis, only PD-L1 expression (non-NAC group) and the change in PD-L1 expression (NAC group) were associated with RFS. Our results suggest that low PD-L1 expression in a cervical tumor pretreatment is a risk factor for a poor outcome following postoperative radiotherapy. NAC also induces an immunological shift to reduce PD-L1 levels in tumor cells, which negatively influences treatment outcomes.
Assessment Of Anxiety Related To Osce Exam Among Alzaeim Al-Azahari University Medical Students 2022
Authors: Jaber Mohammed Hammad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
This study to gather information about the Incidence rate of severe anxiety before and during OSCE exam among medical students and detect the risk factors for it, in order to increase the awareness level of medical students’ community about the effects of anxiety before and during exams on their academic achievement.
Methodology:
a cross-sectional study was done in medical students at AAU in fifth year
The results:
A total 211 sample was collected, 48.3% were male while 51.7% were female. 53.6% of participants age from 20 to 23 while 46.4% age from 24 to 26.
79.6% of participants believe that the anxiety and fear caused by your fear of forgetting the information, while 20.4% of participants don’t believe that. 75.4% of participants believe that anxiety because of the lot to comprehend and less time to practice while 24.6% don’t believe that.
93.8% of participants get an anxiety episode because of the examiner and how he is treating participants,
Conclusion :
97.2 %. of students reported feeling anxious throughout the OSCE exam, There was no collaboration between the examiner and the student which made students more anxious. The time in not enough for every station.
We recommended students to adpot healthy & effecive mean of relaxation like yoga, breathing exercises and non formal counseling
Optical vortex-antivortex crystallization in free space
Authors: Fu Shenhe , Lin Haolin , Liao Yixuan , Liu Guohua , Ren Jianbin , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang , Malomed Boris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Stable vortex lattices are basic dynamical patterns which have been widely demonstrated in many physical systems including superconductor physics, Bose-Einstein condensates, hydrodynamics and optics. Vortex-antivortex (VAV) ensembles can be produced too, self-organizing into the respective polar lattices. However, these structures are in general highly unstable due to the strong VAV attraction. Here, we demonstrate that multiple optical VAV clusters nested in the propagating coherent field can crystallize into new patterns which preserve their lattice structure in the course of the linear propagation over distance up to several Rayleigh lengths. To explain this phenomenon, we present a model for effective interactions between the vortices and antivortices located at different sites of the lattice. We conclude that the observed VAV crystallization is a consequence of the globally balanced VAV couplings. As the crystallization
does not require the presence of nonlinearities and takes place in the free space, it may find promising applications to high-capacity optical communications and multiparticle manipulations by means of optical fields. Our findings also suggest new possibilities for constructing VAV complexes by means of the orbit-orbit coupling mechanism, which differs greatly from
the extensively studied spin-orbit couplings.
Prognostic value of Creatine Kinase (CK)-MB to total-CK ratio in colorectal cancer patients after curative resection
Authors: Rao Lubei , Zu Ruiling , Zhang Guiji , Zhang Kaijiong , He Shuya , Luo Yajun , Yang Ying , Wang Dongsheng , Luo Huaichao , Ye Bo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of postoperative Creatine Kinase (CK)-MB to total-CK ratio (CK-MB/CK) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after radical resection.
Methods:
This was a single-center retrospective cohort analysis. Subjects were stage I-III CRC patients hospitalized in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to May 2021. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival rate (DFS) were analyzed between two groups according to the serum CK-MB/CK levels after surgery. Cox regression analyses, Kaplan-Meier method, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed.
Results:
CK-MB/CK was the strongest independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS. Compared to the normal group (n = 1177), the elevated group (n = 95) had worse OS (HR, 5.64; p < 0.0001) and DFS (HR, 8.34; p < 0.0001). For the diagnosis of hepatic metastases after surgery, the ROC area under the curve (AUC) of CK-MB/CK was 0.720 (p < 0.001). When CK-MB/CK > 1.01, the specificity was 94.84% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 96.7%. Combined CK-MB/CK and CA19-9, the AUC value increased from 0.720 to 0.799 (p = 0.036), with a sensitivity of 77.46% and a specificity of 97.25%.
Conclusions:
CRC patients with elevated CK-MB/CK had a worse prognosis after radical resection. CK-MB/CK might be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatic metastasis in CRC patients after surgery, with high specificity and NPV.
Succinate exacerbates mastitis in mice via gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Qiu Min , Hu Yubo , Zou Chenyu , Tang Ruibo , Zhang Duo , Xie Jiaxin , Hu Xiaoyu , Zhang Naisheng , Zhao Caijun , Fu Yunhe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Ecological imbalance of the gut microbiota may be an important endogenous trigger of mastitis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Recent findings indicated that selected bacteria of the maternal gastrointestinal microbiota can reach the mammary gland through an entero-mammary pathway. In addition, metabolic disturbances are one of the most prominent ways in which gut dysbiosis promote distal organ diseases.
Results
In the present study, we found that Gastrointestinal-associated mastitis showed significant changes in metabolic levels, among which succinate was significantly increased. In addition, succinate treatment exacerbates endotoxemia-induced mastitis in mice. Meanwhile, succinate induced intestinal ecological dysregulation. Further experiments demonstrated that succinate increased the production of extracellular vesicles containing gut microbial (mEVs) lipopolysaccharides, which could diffuse across the damaged intestinal barrier into the mammary glands. mEVs promotes mammary inflammation mainly through activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that succinate promotes mastitis through proliferatio of enteric pathogens and mEVs production, suggesting a potential strategy for mastitis intervention based on intestinal metabolic regulation and pathogen inhibition. The role of mEVs in interspecific communication has also been elucidated.
Dynamical behavior of water wave phenomena for the 3D fractional WBBM equations using rational Sine-Gordon expansion method
Authors: Mamun Abdulla - Al - , Ananna Samsun Nahar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To examine the dynamical behavior of traveling wave solutions of the water wave phenomenon for the family of 3D fractional Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (WBBM) equations, this work employs the rational Sine-Gordon expansion (RSGE) approach. The method generalizes the well-known sine-Gordon expansion using the sine-Gordon equation as an auxiliary equation. In contrast to the conventional sine-Gordon expansion method, it takes a more general approach, a rational function rather than a polynomial one, of the solutions of the auxiliary equation. The method described above is used to generate various solutions for hyperbolic functions. The answers are graphically shown in three-dimensional (3D) surface plots and contour plots using the MATLAB program. The resolutions of the equation, which have appropriate parameters, exhibit the absolute wave configurations in all screens. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the physical characteristics of the discovered solutions and their features may aid in our understanding of the propagation of shallow water waves in nonlinear dynamics.
Psychosocial Pathways Linking Mindfulness Traits and Burnout in University Students in China during The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Path Analysis Study
Authors: Gan Ruochen , Chen Shulin , Xue Jiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic brings critical health problems to workers in many occupations, including the student population. Findings suggest university students are suffering from moderate to high levels of burnout. Mindfulness is considered to serve as a buffer against burnout, where the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between mindfulness and burnout among university students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the mediating roles of perceived social support and emotion in the association.
Methods: A total of 982 participants were recruited to complete an online survey one year after the COVID-19 outbreak, which consisted of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Learning Burnout of University Students scale. Path analysis was adopted to test the hypothesized theoretical model.
Results: Mindfulness was significantly (p<0.01) correlated to burnout of university students, which relationship was mediated by the interactions between perceived social support, positive affect and negative affect (model fitness: χ2/df=1.14, SRMR=0.009, RMSEA=0.026, CFI=0.999, TLI=0.995).
Conclusions: Mindfulness may be a protective factor against burnout of university students during the
COVID-19 pandemic, while perceived social support, positive affect and negative affect play important roles in the association. Mindfulness-based interventions are suggested to reduce burnout in this population, and psychosocial factors like emotion and social support should be emphasized in the procedure.
Transcriptome Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in Dorsal Down Coloration in Goslings
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Guangquan , Guo Zhanbao , Zhang Huiling , Wei Baozhi , He Daqian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Distinctive sexual dimorphism in dorsal down coloration is apparent in day-old Hungarian white goose goslings, characterized by darker dorsal plumage in females and lighter plumage in males. The ability to autosex day-old goslings based on their dorsal down coloration is crucial for efficient management and nutrition strategies in the poultry industry. The objective of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of the potential biological and genetic mechanisms governing sexually dimorphic down coloration in geese, utilizing tissue slice analysis, biochemical assays, transcriptomic profiling, and q-PCR analysis.
Results
The tissue slice and biochemical results revealed that female geese exhibited a higher density of melanin-containing feather follicles and a greater concentration of melanin within these follicles compared to male geese during embryonic development at 17 days and in day-old goslings. Both female and male individuals, in comparison to 17-day goose embryos, showed a significant decrease in melanin concentrations in the dorsal skin of day-old goslings. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (MC1R, TYR, TYRP1, DCT and MITF) associated with Melanogenesis pathways that exhibit substantial down-regulation or complete silencing specifically within the dorsal skin of day-old goslings when compared to 17-day embryos. This resulting in impaired melanin synthesis in the feather follicle. Additionally, sexual dimorphism in feather coloration is associated with two key DEGs (MC1R and MITF). Female geese exhibited higher expression levels of MC1R and MITF, positively correlated with increased melanin synthesis and deposition, resulting in a more pronounced plumage phenotype characterized by darker coloration.
Conclusions
Melanin synthesis in goose feather follicles was determined by the expression of multiple melanogenesis genes. Sexual dimorphism in dorsal down coloration of day-old Hungarian white goose goslings was contingent upon two essential MC1R and MITF genes. Our research lays the essential foundation for advancing the breeding in autosexing geese, promising substantial benefits to breeders and producers.