bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the Theory of Planned Behaviour mediate the effects of age, gender and multidimensional health locus of control?
Authors: Armitage Christopher J. , Norman Paul , Conner Mark 
Published: February 2003

Objectives: The present paper reports two studies designed to test the ability of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to mediate the effects of age, gender and multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) on behavioural intentions and behaviour.Design: Two studies are reported. Study 1 (N = 124) employed a cross‐sectional design and examined three self‐reported health‐related behaviours: safe sex (condom use), binge drinking and drink‐driving. Study 2 (N = 201) employed a prospective design and examined actual attendance at health screening.Methods: Respondents completed questionnaires containing measures of MHLC and TPB. The data were analysed using a combination of bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple regression.Results: Study 1 showed that the TPB was a superior predictor of health‐related behavioural intentions than both demographic variables and MHLC. Study 2 corroborated the findings of Study 1, and showed that TPB variables were useful predictors of actual behaviour, although the TPB failed to fully mediate the effects of gender on screening attendance.Conclusions: Whilst the TPB accounted for significant proportions of the variance in health‐related behavioural intentions and behaviour, it failed to completely mediate the effects of demographic variables. Future work is required to identify social cognitive variables that will fully mediate the effects of demographics.
Individually elicited versus modal normative beliefs in predicting attendance at breast screening: Examining the role of belief salience in the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Steadman Liz , Rutter D. R. , Field S. 
Published: February 2003

Objective: To examine the influence of an individually derived versus modal subjective norm component of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in predicting attendance at breast screening.Design: A prospective, longitudinal design was employed using a postal questionnaire at Time 1 and objective attendance data from screening records at Time 2.Method: Questionnaires were sent to 1000 women from East Kent due to be invited for X‐ray mammography under the UK's National Health Service Breast Screening Programme. The TPB constructs were used to predict attendance, with a focus on subjective norm. Two versions of the questionnaire were distributed: one assessed subjective norm using individually generated normative beliefs (individual condition) and the other provided a list of modal referents (modal condition).Results: The mean number of normative referents in the individual condition was just two, almost all of whom were family members, in contrast to the modal condition where ‘GP’ led the rank table. The results suggest that a more senstive measure of subjective norm is attained using individually derived beliefs. Structural equation modelling revealed that, contrary to theoretical prediction, the effect on attendance of the individually derived subjective norm was not entirely mediated by intention: an independent contribution to attendance was shown. In the modal condition the construct was entirely mediated by intention.Conclusions: For health behaviours that have implications for others as well as self, measuring individually salient normative beliefs may both improve theoretical prediction and yield information of potential value for designing intervention programmes.
Sickle cell disease: Pain, coping and quality of life in a study of adults in the UK
Authors: Anie Kofi A. , Steptoe Andrew , Bevan David H. 
Published: February 2003

Objective: To examine the relationship between pain, coping, and quality of life in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the UK, and to assess the influence of these factors on the utilization of health services.Design: This cross‐sectional study involved 96 adult patients with SCD attending hospitals in London.Method: Interview and questionnaire study involving standard measures of pain, health service utilization, coping responses (measured with the Coping Strategies Questionnaire — revised for SCD), and quality of life (measured by the SF36). Data concerning clinical history, complications and haemoglobin levels were also collected.Results: The number and duration of painful sickle cell episodes in the past 12 months varied widely between patients. We found that 49.5% of accident and emergency visits and 45% of hospitalizations were of 10.4% (10) patients. Pain experience accounted for 12.3% of hospital and general practice service use, independently of age, sex, number of SCD complications and haemoglobin levels. Three higher order factors emerged from analysis of the coping strategies questionnaire, reflecting active behavioural and cognitive coping, affecting coping, and passive adherence (e.g. resting, taking fluids). Active coping was positively associated with the number of pain episodes, while passive adherence coping was related to pain intensity. Psychological coping was unrelated to health service utilization. Marked impairment onmany dimensions of quality of life was apparent in the analyses of the SF36. Affective coping was associated with impaired quality of life independently of demographic and clinical variables.Conclusions: It is evident that sickle cell disease involves not only severe recurrent pain, but also other impairments in health‐related quality of life. Psychological coping patterns are relevant both to the experience of pain, and to broader adjustment. Patients may benefit from interventions that enhance the use of appropriate pain coping techniques and other strategies to improve quality of life.
The psychosocial experience of people with sickle cell disease and its impact on quality of life: Qualitative findings from focus groups
Authors: Thomas V. J. , Taylor L. M. 
Published: February 2003

Objectives: In this exploratory study, an in‐depth analysis of accounts of the experiences of people with sickle cell disease (SCD) was undertaken to gain an understanding of the psychosocial impact of the disease. An additional aim of the study was to determine whether these experiences could be conceptualized in terms of quality of life as defined by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL) with the intention of informing psychosocial research.Design: This study utilized a series of non‐directive, patient‐led, focus groups that specifically addressed the ways in which sickle cell disease impacts on life. Participants were recruited from four centres in London and eight focus group discussions (each one hourin length) were held separately for each centre.Method: Altogether 32 hours of focus group materials were tape‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a phenomenological approach to identify emerging themes.Results: Six themes were identified: Growing up with SCD; Education; Impact of the unremitting nature of the disease; Employment; Effects on relationships; and Hospitalization.Conclusion: This research has clearly shown that SCD carries a huge psychosocial burden impacting on physical, psychological, social and occupational well‐being as well as levels of independence and environment. These aspects of life are equivalent to the core domains of the multi‐dimensional WHOQOL and consequently we have argued that SCD undermines quality of life in important ways. The paper provides a rich source of qualitative data to complement quantitative findings and provides detailof the complex human processes and experiences consequent on a life‐long chronic illness such as SCD.
Appraisal and psychological distress six months after diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Gallagher Jill , Parle Michael , Cairns David 
Published: February 2003

Objectives: Four in ten women with breast cancer experience high levels of anxiety or depression, despite advances in oncology treatments. The study investigates the role of psychosocial, disease and treatment characteristics, and appraisal processes to better understand factors contributing to this high psychological morbidity.Design: A postal survey was employed to observe psychological morbidity in women 2 and 6 months after initial diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The study was conducted as an adjunct to an Australian multi‐centre feasibility study of an evidence‐based specialist breast nurse (SBN) model of care.Methods: In total, 195 women with a new diagnosis of early or locally advanced breast cancer completed the data collection relating to this study. Psychosocial, disease and treatment information for each woman at diagnosis was recorded in research logs. Women completed the GHQ‐12 questionnaire 2 months after diagnosis, and at 6 months they completed the GHQ‐12 and an appraisal process questionnaire designed by the National Breast Cancer Centre (NBCC). Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were undertaken to build a statistical model to account for GHQ‐12 scores at 6 months.Results: According to the GHQ‐12, 43% of women had a likely affective disorder at either 2 or 6 months after diagnosis. Point prevalence decreased from 2 to 6 months yet remained substantial compared with general population statistics. Psychological functioning in women with breast cancer is related to a woman's psychiatric history, grade of tumour, and her appraisal processes. Most importantly, improvedpsychological functioning from 2 to 6 months after diagnosis is related to a woman having a lower primary appraisal of threat and a greatersecondary appraisal of self‐efficacy in terms of having confidence in her own ability to cope with concerns associated with the illness.Conclusion: Appraisal processes play a significant role in psychological adjustment to breast cancer. Adjustment may be facilitated by ensuring that the treatment team responds to shortfalls in a woman's appraisal of her illness and her perceived ability to cope, especially where a difficult prognosis is evident.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of neurophysiological changes in patients with four‐repeat tauopathies
Authors: Samudra Niyatee , Lerner Hannah , Yack Leslie , Walsh Christine M. , Kirsch Heidi E. , Kudo Kiwamu , Yballa Claire , La Joie Renaud , Gorno‐Tempini Maria L. , Spina Salvatore , Seeley William W. , Neylan Thomas C. , Miller Bruce L. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Boxer Adam , Grinberg Lea T. , Rankin Katherine P. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Ranasinghe Kamalini G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), are the most common four‐repeat tauopathies (4RT), and both frequently occur with varying degree of Alzheimer's disease (AD) copathology. Intriguingly, patients with 4RT and patients with AD are at opposite ends of the wakefulness spectrum—AD showing reduced wakefulness and excessive sleepiness whereas 4RT showing decreased homeostatic sleep. The neural mechanisms underlying these distinct phenotypes in the comorbid condition of 4RT and AD are unknown. The objective of the current study was to define the alpha oscillatory spectrum, which is prominent in the awake resting‐state in the human brain, in patients with primary 4RT, and how it is modified in comorbid AD‐pathology.MethodIn an autopsy‐confirmed case series of 4R‐tauopathy patients (n = 10), whose primary neuropathological diagnosis was either PSP (n = 7) or CBD (n = 3), using high spatiotemporal resolution magnetoencephalography (MEG), we quantified the spectral power density within alpha‐band (8–12 Hz) and examined how this pattern was modified in increasing AD‐copathology. For each patient, their regional alpha power was compared to an age‐matched normative control cohort (n = 35).ResultPatients with 4RT showed increased alpha power but in the presence of AD‐copathology alpha power was reduced.ConclusionsAlpha power increase in PSP‐tauopathy and reduction in the presence of AD‐tauopathy is consistent with the observation that neurons activating wakefulness‐promoting systems are preserved in PSP but degenerated in AD. These results highlight the selectively vulnerable impacts in 4RT versus AD‐tauopathy that may have translational significance on disease‐modifying therapies for specific proteinopathies.
Thiolated Chiral Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives as Effective Selectors of the β‐Blocker Atenolol Enantiomers
Authors: Kowalczyk Agata , Duszczyk Michał , Sęk Sławomir , Lipiński Piotr F. J. , Kaczorek Dorota , Kawęcki Robert , Grudzinski Ireneusz P. , Rode Joanna E. , Dobrowolski Jan Cz. , Nowicka Anna M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtenolol β‐blocker drug (ATN) to treat hypertension and cardiovascular disorders such as angina pectoris is manufactured commercially in a racemic form, while only its (S)‐enantiomer shows selective β1‐blocking activity. Here, a new axially chiral thiolated naphthalene diimide derivatives (HS‐BIN‐NDI) for the rapid, simple, and sensitive detection of ATN enantiomers is presented. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) experiments show that interactions between a chiral selector and a chiral analyte occur only when their configurations are opposite. The extensive computational simulations support this finding. The association coefficient determined by SPR is high (105‐106 M−1 s−1) and indicates that the interactions are electrostatic. The analytical utility of atropisomeric HS‐BIN‐NDIs is proven, and the voltammetric sensors designed to determine ATN enantiomers are constructed. The developed sensors are characterized by a wide analytical operating range from 5.0·10−3 to 1.0 µm, nanomolar detection limit, high selectivity, and a long lifetime. Several additives like urea, creatinine, glucose, human albumin, and hemoglobin do not affect ATN sensing.
An Ether‐Based Electrolyte Solvation Strategy for Long‐Term Stability and Ultra‐Low Temperature Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Gu Rong , Zhang Da , Zhu Sheng , Xu Jinting , Ding Kun , Gao Qingwei , Xu Qunjie , Shi Penghui , Li Hexing , Min Yulin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and dendrite growth hinder the development of rechargeable lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) at low temperature (≤−20 °C). In this work, regulating the concentration of Li salt increases the proportion of anions in Li+ solvation structure, thereby forming a denser SEI on Li anode. The optimized solvation structure exhibits fast charge transfer kinetics and high‐voltage (dis)charge performance. As a result, Li||Cu cells with modified electrolyte work over 400 h and maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of 98.05%, the Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells (N/P = 3) are capable of one hundred stable cycles with a capacity retention of 93.7% even at −40 °C. These findings confirm the effect of ion‐pairing and anion‐derived SEI on the long‐term cycling of LMBs, contributing a promising solution to the development of low‐temperature LMBs.
Surface Adsorption and Air Damping Behavior of β‐Ga2O3 Nanomechanical Resonators
Authors: Sui Wen , Enamul Hoque Yousuf S. M. , Liu Yuncong , Pearton Stephen J. , Feng Philip X.‐L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBeta gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) has emerged as a highly promising semiconductor material with an ultrawide bandgap ranging from 4.5 to 4.9 eV for future applications in power electronics, optoelectronics, as well as gas and ultraviolet (UV) radiation sensors. Here, surface adsorption and air damping behavior of doubly clamped β‐Ga2O3 nanomechanical resonators are probed and systemically studied by measuring the resonance characteristics under different gas and pressure conditions. High responsivities of resonance to pressure are obtained by heating the devices up to 300 °C to induce an accelerated adsorption–desorption process. The initial surface conditions of the β‐Ga2O3 thin film play important roles in affecting the resonant behavior. UV ozone treatment proves effective in altering the initial surface conditions of β‐Ga2O3 nanosheets by eliminating physisorbed contaminants and filling oxygen vacancy defects residing on the surface, resulting in a consequential and discernible modification of the resonance behavior of β‐Ga2O3 nanomechanical resonators. The surface adsorption and desorption processes in β‐Ga2O3 demonstrate clear reversibility by exposing the UV treated β‐Ga2O3 to air. This study attains first‐hand information on how the surface conditions of β‐Ga2O3 affect its mechanical properties, and helps guide future development of transducers via β‐Ga2O3 nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) for pressure sensing applications, especially in harsh environments.
Unveiling the Electronic Band Structure and Temporal Dynamics of Excited Carriers in Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite
Authors: Ammirati Giuseppe , Turchini Stefano , Toschi Francesco , O'Keeffe Patrick , Paladini Alessandra , Martelli Faustino , Matteocci Fabio , Barichello Jessica , Moras Paolo , Sheverdyaeva Polina M. , Milotti Valeria , Ory Daniel , Carlo Aldo Di , Catone Daniele 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, the electronic band structure and the dynamics of the excited carriers in the formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskite are investigated by combining the information obtained from steady‐state absorption, photoluminescence, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. A detailed description of the electronic transitions in the UV–vis energy range has been provided, giving an estimation of the exciton binding energy (40 ± 5 meV), the transition energy from the first valence band (VB1) to the conduction band (CB1) (electronic bandgap at 2.37 ± 0.01 eV) and assigning the broad peak at ≈3.4 eV to the transition from the second innermost valence band (VB2) to CB1. The temporal dynamics of the excited carriers involved in these transitions are investigated using different excitation energies and carrier densities. Different trends are observed in the dynamics of the transient signals associated with the VB1→CB1 (PB1) and VB2→CB1 (PB2) transitions. As the carrier density increased, PB1 exhibited a slowing down of its rise time, while PB2 showed an acceleration attributed to the thermalization of the excited holes in VB2. These valuable findings have the potential to unlock new strategies aimed at maximizing the efficiencies and performance of perovskite‐based solar cell devices.
Probing the Excited Electronic Configuration and Associative Excitons in Pyrene‐Based X‐Ray Scintillating MOF Excimer: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Experiments
Authors: Lu Jian , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Gao Juan , Wang Shuai‐Hua , Qian Rui‐Xuan , Zheng Fa‐Kun , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractScintillators are essential in converting ionizing X‐rays and γ‐rays into visible light, with applications in medical diagnosis, security inspection, and non‐invasive detection. However, current scintillating materials exhibit unclear structure–function relationships. The performance of scintillators is intricately linked to their electronic band structure, particularly the intrinsic properties of excited states. Therefore, investigating the structural factors affecting scintillation performance is crucial for developing new scintillators. Therefore, Ba‐SMOF 1 ([Ba2(PyTS)(CH3OH)2(H2O)4]n) is synthesized using a pyrene‐based organic motif and metal Ba(II) ions, where PyTS4− refers to pyrene‐1,3,6,8‐tetrasulfonate. For the first time, the excited state of a pyrene‐based X‐ray scintillating metal–organic framework (MOF) is determined through comprehensive all‐electron excitation studies, including in situ experimental electron density and wave‐function analysis. The electron density maps exhibit a continuous overlap, attributed to the associative exciton behaviors among the closely packed PyTS4− linkers. These linkers are identified as the sources of both static and dynamic excimer emissions. The electron density studies reveal the role of excimers in pyrene‐based luminophores, highlighting that interchromophoric interactions are key to enhancing the performance of scintillating MOFs. This discovery opens new avenues for the practical application of scintillating MOFs.
A Low‐Toxic Colloidal Quantum Dots Sensitized IGZO Phototransistor Array for Neuromorphic Vision Sensors
Authors: Chen Tong , Zhan Shijie , Li Benxuan , Hou Bo , Zhou Hang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of optoelectronic devices with biomimetic synaptic behavior holds significant potential for neuromorphic visual applications. However, considerable challenges remain including convenient device fabrication and low toxicity materials innovation. Here, a heterojunction phototransistor is constructed using low‐toxic CuZnInSSe (CIZS) colloidal quantum dots and amorphous InGaZnO (IGZO), which demonstrates high specific detectivity of 3.4 × 1015 Jones in visible light spectrum. Moreover, it is found that the photoresponse speed can be controlled via a ligand exchange treatment, through that the response speed can be adjusted from 0.3 to 11 s. This enables the device to operate in two distinct modes: a typical fast sensing mode and a neuromorphic visual mode. In the neuromorphic visual mode, the device's synaptic behavior can be tuned by manipulating light pulse intensity, frequency, wavelength, and gate voltage. As a demonstration, a phototransistor array effectively implements image pre‐processing functions, including color recognition, visual memorizing, and forgetting.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) of Au(I)‐GSH Complexes is Activated by Optical Manipulation and Exhibits Surprising 780 nm Emission
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Yu He , Liu Yang , Liu Liu , Li Jiangtao , Xu Dadi , Hou Yining , Tang Hongwu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn optical manipulation method to activate the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) of Au(I)‐glutathione (Au(I)‐GSH) complexes is presented. First, the well‐known AIE‐type Au(I)‐GSH complexes with a solid emission wavelength of 570 nm are synthesized. At the beginning of the focusing a 1064 nm continuous‐wave (CW) laser at the interface of Au(I)‐GSH complexes solution, its luminescence is hardly detectable. However, with the extension of the laser irradiation time, aggregate appears and rapidly grows, and strong luminescence is shown, indicating the activation of AIE of Au(I)‐GSH complexes through optical manipulation. Surprisingly, the emission peak is at 780 nm and no blue‐shift is observed with the emission intensity increases. The activated AIE emission wavelength by optical manipulation is longer than reported previously, which means that optical manipulation activates AIE in a unique manner. The switching on/off of the activation of AIE is arbitrarily controlled by changing the laser power. In this paper, the luminescence phenomenon and mechanism of AIE are discussed from the perspective of the movement limitation of Au(I)‐GSH complexes under optical manipulation. It is of significant importance for further insights into the luminescence of Au(I)‐GSH complexes and their future development.