bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 10 gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Scarel‐Caminaga Raquel M. , Trevilatto Paula C. , Souza Ana P. , Brito Rui B. , Camargo Luis E. A. , Line Sergio R. P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is characterized by an inflammation in the supporting tissues of the teeth caused primarily by bacterial infection. Interleukin 10 (IL10) is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine whose genetic polymorphisms may influence the expression of the protein.Objective: In this study we investigated the hypothesis that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter of IL10 gene might be related to CP.Materials and Methods: DNA was obtained from n=67 CP patients and n=43 control subjects. All studied individuals were non‐smokers. The –1087 SNP was investigated by DNA sequencing, and the –819 and –592 SNPs by restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products.Results: Frequencies of –819 and –592 SNPs showed differences between the control and CP groups. The ACC haplotype was more prevalent in the control group and the ATA haplotype more prevalent in the CP group. The ATA haplotype seemed to increase susceptibility to CP in women (odds ratio (OR)=2.57). The heterozygous haplotype GCC/ACC was predominant in the control group (OR=8.26; p=0.001).Conclusions: Specific haplotypes and SNPs in IL10 gene are associated with susceptibility to CP in Brazilian patients.
Bone resorbing activity and cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid before and after treatment of periodontal disease
Authors: Holmlund Anders , Hänström Lennart , Lerner Ulf H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground: The aim of the present study was to investigate bone resorption activity (BRA), interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), IL‐1β and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in sites with no signs of periodontol disease and in sites with horizontal or angular loss of periodontal bone. These assessments were performed before and after periodontal treatment.Methods: GCFs were collected from 10 individuals with filter strips from two healthy sites and four sites with deep pathological periodontal pockets, two of which showed horizontal bone loss and two with angular bone loss. All diseased pockets were treated with flap surgery and systemic Doxyferm®. Twelve months later GCF was collected again and treatment outcome evaluated. BRA in GCFs was assessed in a bone organ culture system by following the release of 45Ca from neonatal mouse calvariae. The amounts of IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐1ra in GCFs were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Treatment resulted in reduction of pocket depths with 3.5±0.5 mm in sites with angular bone loss and 2.8±0.3 mm in sites with horizontal bone loss. Initially, BRA, IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐1ra were significantly higher in GCFs from diseased sites compared with healthy sites. No differences in BRA and cytokine levels were seen between GCFs from pockets with horizontal and angular bone losses. The levels of IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐1ra were significantly reduced after treatment of diseased pockets. Pocket depths were significantly correlated to BRA only in pre‐treatment sites with angular bone loss. BRA was correlated to Il‐1α, IL‐1β, but not to IL‐1ra, in diseased sites with angular bone loss, before and after treatment. The reductions of BRA in the individual sites, seen after treatment, were not correlated to the reductions of Il‐1α, IL‐1β or IL‐1ra.Conclusions: These data show that BRA and cytokine levels are increased in GCFs from sites with periodontal disease and that periodontal treatment results in reduction of the cytokines. Our findings further indicate that IL‐1α and IL‐1β play important roles for the BRA present in GCFs, but that other factors also contribute to this activity.
Periodontal repair in dogs: examiner reproducibility in the supraalveolar periodontal defect model
Authors: Koo Ki‐Tae , Polimeni Giuseppe , Albandar Jasim M. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground:  Histometric assessments are routinely used to evaluate biologic events ascertained in histologic sections acquired from animal and human studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intra‐ and inter‐examiner reproducibility of histometric assessments in the supraalveolar periodontal defect model.Methods:  Histometric analysis using incandescent and polarized light microscopy, an attached digital camera system, and a PC‐based image analysis system including a custom program for the supraalveolar periodontal defect model was performed on histologic sections acquired from one jaw quadrant in each of 12 dogs. The animals had received an experimental protocol including implantation of a coral biomaterial and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) barrier devices, and were evaluated following a 4‐week healing interval. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated within a 3‐month interval by two examiners following brief training. Intra‐ and inter‐examiner reproducibility was assessed using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).Results:  Most parameters showed high intra‐examiner ICCs. Parameters including defect height, connective tissue repair, bone regeneration (height/area), formation of a junctional epithelium, positioning of the GTR device, ankylosis, root resorption, and defect area yielded an ICC0.9. The ICCs for bone density and biomaterial density were somewhat lower (0.8 and 0.7, respectively). The inter‐examiner reproducibility was somewhat lower compared to the intra‐examiner reproducibility. Nevertheless, the ICCs were generally high (ICC range: 0.6–0.9).Conclusions:  Histometric evaluations in the supraalveolar periodontal defect model yield highly reproducible results, in particular when a single examiner performs the histometric measurements, even when the examiner was exposed to limited training.
Atmospheric contamination during ultrasonic scaling
Authors: Timmerman M. F. , Menso L. , Steinfort J. , Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Van Der Weijden G. A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the microbial atmospheric contamination during initial periodontal treatment using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler in combination with either high‐volume evacuation (HVE) or conventional dental suction (CDS).Methods: The study included 17 treatment sessions, consisting of a 40‐min episode of continuous plaque and calculus removal using an ultrasonic unit (EMS). The treatment sessions were carried out in six patients with generalized adult periodontitis and ranged from two to four sessions per patient according to their needs. The use of HVE and CDS was randomly assigned over the sessions within each patient. Before each treatment, the operating room was not used for 15 h. To measure baseline microbial air pollution two Petri dishes containing blood agar were exposed for 10 min to the air. At the start of each treatment session, two Petri dishes were exposed for 5 min at a distance of 40 cm from the mouth of the patients. After 20 min, this procedure was repeated. At a distance of 150 cm, two Petri dishes were exposed for 20 min followed by exposure of two new Petri dishes for the rest of the session. The plates were cultured aerobically and anaerobically for 3 and 7 days, respectively.Results: The mean colony forming units (CFU) before treatment never exceeded 0.6 colonies per plate. At 40 cm, the mean CFU, when considering a period of 40 min, was 8.0 for HVE and 17.0 for CDS. The mean CFU at 150 cm during this period was 8.1 with HVE and 10.3 with the CDS. With reference to the Air Microbial Index the operatory atmosphere was considered to be in a good condition during 40 min of continuous use of the ultrasonic scaler in combination with both HVE and CDS.Conclusion: Within the restrictions of this study, only limited atmospheric microbial contamination is produced when using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler.
Association of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2 +587 gene polymorphism with severe chronic periodontitis
Authors: Shimada Yasuko , Tai Hideaki , Endo Motohiro , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Akazawa Kohei , Yamazaki Kazuhisa 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground: Genetic polymorphisms for cytokines and their receptors have been proposed as potential markers for periodontal disease. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is one of the cell surface receptors for TNF‐α. Recent studies have suggested that TNFR2 gene polymorphism is involved in autoimmune and other diseases.Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether TNFR2(+587T/G) gene polymorphism is associated with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: One hundred and ninety‐six unrelated subjects (age 40–65 years) with different levels of CP were identified according to established criteria, including measurements of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (BL). All subjects were of Japanese descent and non‐smokers. Single nucleotide polymorphism at position +587(T/G) in the TNFR2 gene was detected by a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR‐RFLP) method.Results: The frequency and the positivity of the +587G allele were significantly higher in severe CP patients than in controls (p=0.0097; odds ratio=2.61, p=0.0075; odds ratio=3.06). In addition, mean values of PPD, CAL, and BL were significantly higher in the +587G allele positive than in the negative subjects (p=0.035, 0.022, and 0.018, respectively).Conclusions: These findings suggest that the TNFR2(+587G) polymorphic allele could be associated with severe CP in Japanese.
Effect of two toothcleaning frequencies on periodontal status in patients with advanced periodontitis
Authors: Sadoh D. R. , Watts T. L. P. , Newton J. T. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjective:  To compare the effect of once a day toothcleaning with once in 2 days toothcleaning in patients with advanced periodontitis.Material and Methods:  Twenty‐two patients, aged 34–54 years were given intensive oral hygiene (OH) and half their mouth root planed with re‐assessment 6 weeks later. The patients were randomised into either a once a day toothcleaning group or a once in 2 days toothcleaning group. The effects of the two cleaning regimens were assessed during a 6‐week follow‐up period. Two patients were excluded from the study. Analysis of covariance was used to test the difference between the two groups at baseline and at 6 weeks.Results:  There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in plaque reduction (p=0.01) and reduction of probing pocket depth >6 mm (p=0.05) in the OH‐only sites. No significant difference was found between the two cleaning regimens in the combined oral hygiene with root planing sites.Conclusion:  The present study demonstrated that in patients with advanced periodontitis, once a day toothcleaning is more effective than once in 2 days toothcleaning in otherwise untreated sites.
Co‐localization of β1,6‐branched Oligosaccharides and Coarse Melanin in Macrophage–Melanoma Fusion Hybrids and Human Melanoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Rupani Reena , Handerson Tamara , Pawelek John 
Published: May 2004

Fusion hybrids between normal macrophages and Cloudman S91 melanoma cells were shown earlier to have increased metastatic potential, along with high expression of β1,6‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V and β1,6‐branched oligosaccharides. Curiously, hybrids, but not parental melanoma cells, also produced ‘coarse melanin’– autophagic vesicles with multiple melanosomes. As β1,6‐branched oligosaccharides were known to be associated with metastasis, and coarse melanin had been described in invasive human melanomas, we looked for potential relationships between the two. Using lectin‐ and immunohistochemistry, we analyzed cell lines producing coarse melanin for β1,6‐branched oligosaccharides: gp100/pmel‐17 (a melanosomal structural component) and CD63 (a late endosome/lysosome component associated with melanoma and certain other human cancers). Cell lines used in this study were (i) hybrid 94‐H48, a highly metastatic, macrophage–melanoma experimental fusion hybrid; (ii) 6neo mouse melanoma cells, the weakly metastatic, parental fusion partner; and (iii) SKmel‐23, a human melanoma cell line derived from a metastasis. Coarse melanin granules were prominent both in hybrids and in SKmel‐23 cells, and co‐localized with stains for β1,6‐branched oligosaccharides, gp100/pmel 17, and CD63. This is the first report of this phenotype being expressed in vitro, although co‐expression of β1,6‐branched oligosaccharides and coarse melanin was recently shown to be a common and pervasive characteristic in archival specimens of human melanomas, and was most prominent in metastases. The results suggest that pathways of melanogenesis in melanoma may differ significantly from those in normal melanocytes. In vitro expression of this phenotype provides new biological systems for more detailed analyses of its genesis and regulation at the molecular genetic level.
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize p60 for Identification of
Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Yu Kang-Y. , Noh Youngsoon , Chung Minsub , Park Hong-J. , Lee Namseok , Youn Moonyeon , Jung Byeong Y. , Youn Byung-S. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
causes major food-borne outbreaks of disease worldwide. Specific identification of this microorganism is of utmost importance to public health and industry.
Listeria
species are known to secrete a 60-kDa protein collectively termed p60, which is encoded by the
iap
(invasion-associated protein) gene and secreted in large quantities into the growth media. p60 is a highly immunogenic murein hydrolase that is essential for cell division. Due to these properties, p60 is an ideal diagnostic target for the development of immunological detection systems for
L. monocytogenes
. We report here two independent lines of monoclonal antibody (MAb): p6007, which specifically recognizes
L. monocytogenes
p60, and p6017, which reacts with a wide range of
Listeria
p60 proteins. By combining these antibodies with a polyclonal antibody, we developed efficient sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems which can specifically identify
L. monocytogenes
or generally detect
Listeria
species. Since an excess amount of the peptide corresponding to PepA or PepD did not interfere with the ELISA, and direct ELISAs were unable to detect both peptides, we concluded that the epitope presumed to be recognized by p6007 or p6017 could be distinguished from PepA and PepD as described by Bubert et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3120-3127, 1997). To our best knowledge, this is the first example of an immunological identification system that uses p60-recognizing MAbs.
Intraperitoneal Injection of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Dynamic Migration of Gr-1highPolymorphonuclear Neutrophils in the Murine Abdominal Cavity
Authors: Miyazaki Shuichi , Ishikawa Fumio , Fujikawa Toshihiko , Nagata Shigekazu , Yamaguchi Keizo 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTIntraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 μg) in mice resulted in the disappearance of almost all proteose peptone-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with high-level fluorescence for the cell surface marker Gr-1 (Gr-1high) at 15 min postinjection, followed by doubling of their proportion at 30 min postinjection. High staining levels of 3′-acetyl-2′-carboxyl-6′,7′-(dihyropyran-2′-one)-5 or 6-carboxyfluorescein diacethoxylmethyl ester-labeled PMNs injected into the peritoneal cavity were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes 15 min postinjection of LPS. Therefore, the time of decrease of Gr-1highPMNs coincided with that of the increase in cell accumulation in mesenteric lymph nodes. Since milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8), which is secreted by macrophages, bound many PMNs exhibiting Gr-1highand Gr-1mediumat 30 min postinjection of LPS, the staining level of annexin V on those cells was very low because its binding site is the same as the receptor for MFG-E8. At 60 min postinjection of LPS, the proportion of Gr-1highPMNs decreased, and almost all Gr-1mediumPMNs tended to shift to the right compared with those at 30 min postinjection. The geomeans of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression on PMNs at 15, 30, and 60 min postinjection of LPS were 63, 66, and 24%, respectively, compared with that on normal PMNs, indicating that the expression of TLR4 decreases in response to exposure to LPS. Our results suggest that LPS induced PMN death and that many PMNs expressing Gr-1highundergo apoptosis 180 min postinjection of LPS.
Escherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureusElicit Differential Innate Immune Responses following Intramammary Infection
Authors: Bannerman Douglas D. , Paape Max J. , Lee Jai-Wei , Zhao Xin , Hope Jayne C. , Rainard Pascal 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coliare among the most prevalent species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively, that induce clinical mastitis. The innate immune system comprises the immediate host defense mechanisms to protect against infection and contributes to the initial detection of and proinflammatory response to infectious pathogens. The objective of the present study was to characterize the different innate immune responses to experimental intramammary infection withE. coliandS. aureusduring clinical mastitis. The cytokine response and changes in the levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), two proteins that contribute to host recognition of bacterial cell wall products, were studied. Intramammary infection with eitherE. coliorS. aureuselicited systemic changes, including decreased milk output, a febrile response, and induction of the acute-phase synthesis of LBP. Infection with either bacterium resulted in increased levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), gamma interferon, IL-12, sCD14, and LBP in milk. High levels of the complement cleavage product C5a and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were detected at several time points followingE. coliinfection, whereasS. aureusinfection elicited a slight but detectable increase in these mediators at a single time point. Increases in IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were observed only in quarters infected withE. coli. Together, these data demonstrate the variability of the host innate immune response toE. coliandS. aureusand suggest that the limited cytokine response toS. aureusmay contribute to the well-known ability of the bacterium to establish chronic intramammary infection.
Study of Humoral Immunity to Commensal Oral Bacteria in Human Infants Demonstrates the Presence of Secretory Immunoglobulin A Antibodies Reactive with
Actinomyces naeslundii
Genospecies 1 and 2 Ribotypes
Authors: Cole Michael F. , Evans Mishell K. , Kirchherr Jennifer L. , Sheridan Michael J. , Bowden G. H. W. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACT

The mouths of three human infants were examined from birth to age 2 years to detect colonization of
Actinomyces naeslundii
genospecies 1 and 2. These bacteria did not colonize until after tooth eruption. The diversity of posteruption isolates was determined by ribotyping. Using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the reactivity of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies in saliva samples collected from each infant before and after colonization against cell wall proteins from their own
A. naeslundii
strains and carbohydrates from standard
A. naeslundii
genospecies 1 and 2 strains.
A. naeslundii
genospecies 1 and 2 carbohydrate-reactive SIgA antibodies were not detected in any saliva sample. However, SIgA antibodies reactive with cell wall proteins were present in saliva before these bacteria colonized the mouth. These antibodies could be almost completely removed by absorption with
A. odontolyticus
, a species known to colonize the human mouth shortly after birth. However, after colonization by
A. naeslundii
genospecies 1 and 2, specific antibodies were induced that could not be removed by absorption with
A. odontolyticus
. Cluster analysis of the patterns of reactivity of postcolonization salivary antibodies from each infant with antigens from their own strains showed that not only could these antibodies discriminate among strains but antibodies in saliva samples collected at different times showed different reactivity patterns. Overall, these data suggest that, although much of the salivary SIgA antibodies reactive with
A. naeslundii
genospecies 1 and 2 are directed against genus-specific or more broadly cross-reactive antigens, species, genospecies, and possibly strain-specific antibodies are induced in response to colonization.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates the Antitumor Host Response Induced by a 55-Kilodalton Protein Isolated fromAeginetia indicaL., a Parasitic Plant
Authors: Okamoto Masato , Oh-e Go , Oshikawa Tetsuya , Furuichi Sachiko , Tano Tomoyuki , Ahmed Sharif U. , Akashi Sachiko , Miyake Kensuke , Takeuchi Osamu , Akira Shizuo , Himeno Kunisuke , Sato Mitsunobu , Ohkubo Shinya 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTA 55-kDa protein named AILb-A, isolated from the seed extract ofAeginetia indicaL., a parasitic plant, induces a Th1-type T-cell response and elicits a marked antitumor effect in tumor-bearing mice. In the present study, we examined the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which have been implicated in pathogen-induced cell signaling, in AILb-A-induced immune responses. In the luciferase assay using a nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent reporter plasmid, AILb-A induced NF-κB activation in the cells transfected with TLR4, but not with those transfected with the TLR2 gene, in a dose-dependent manner. TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation induced by AILb-A but not by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also observed under serum-free conditions. In in vitro experiments using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, AILb-A-induced cytokine production was markedly inhibited by anti-TLR4 but not by anti-CD14 antibody, while LPS-induced, TLR4-mediated cytokine production was inhibited by anti-CD14 as well as anti-TLR4 antibodies. Cytokine production, killer cell activities, maturation of dendritic cells, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear translocation of interferon-regulatory factor 3 induced by AILb-A were severely impaired in TLR4-deficient but not TLR2-deficient mice. Transfection of TLR4-deficient mouse-derived macrophages with the TLR4 expression plasmid led AILb-A to induce cytokines. Finally, the antitumor effect of AILb-A was also impaired in TLR4-deficient and TLR4-mutated mice. These findings suggest that TLR4 mediates antitumor immunity induced by the plant-derived protein AILb-A.
Vaccination with Recombinant Whole Heavy Chain Fragments of
Clostridium botulinum
Type C and D Neurotoxins
Authors: Arimitsu Hideyuki , Lee Jae-Chul , Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Hayakawa Yuji , Hayashi Michiko , Nakaura Miki , Takai Hikaru , Lin Song-Nan , Mukamoto Masafumi , Murphy Tom , Oguma Keiji 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACT

Mice and ducks were subcutaneously immunized with recombinant whole heavy (H) chains of
Clostridium botulinum
type C and D neurotoxins, which were expressed as glutathione
S
-transferase fusion proteins. In the case of mice, it was confirmed that two immunizations with type C- and D-H chains, 10 μg each time, significantly increased the specific antibodies against 100-kDa H chains of type C and D neurotoxins in an immunoblot analysis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The mice immunized with type C- and D-H chains showed no symptoms of botulism when they were challenged with C- and D-16 S toxins at doses, given intraperitoneally, of up to 10
5
and 10
6
minmum lethal doses (MLD), respectively, per mouse. Ducks were immunized with a total of 100 μg of type C-H chain. The ducks also developed specific antibodies to the type C-H chain and showed significant protection against a challenge with 10
3
duck MLD of C-16 S toxin given intravenously. These results indicate that recombinant whole H chains can be used as an effective and safe vaccine for type C and D botulism in domestic animals.