bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids
Authors: Bontonou Gwénaëlle , Saint-Leandre Bastien , Kafle Tane , Baticle Tess , Hassan Afrah , Sánchez-Alcañiz Juan Antonio , Arguello J. Roman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChemosensory tissues exhibit significant between-species variability, yet the evolution of gene expression and cell types underlying this diversity remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we conducted transcriptomic analyses of five chemosensory tissues from six Drosophila species and integrated the findings with single-cell datasets. While stabilizing selection predominantly shapes chemosensory transcriptomes, thousands of genes in each tissue have evolved expression differences. Genes that have changed expression in one tissue have often changed in multiple other tissues but at different past epochs and are more likely to be cell type-specific than unchanged genes. Notably, chemosensory-related genes have undergone widespread expression changes, with numerous species-specific gains/losses including novel chemoreceptors expression patterns. Sex differences are also pervasive, including a D. melanogaster-specific excess of male-biased expression in sensory and muscle cells in its forelegs. Together, our analyses provide new insights for understanding evolutionary changes in chemosensory tissues at both global and individual gene levels.
HIV-associated gut microbial alterations are dependent on host and geographic context
Authors: Rocafort Muntsa , Gootenberg David B. , Luévano Jesús M. , Paer Jeffrey M. , Hayward Matthew R. , Bramante Juliet T. , Ghebremichael Musie S. , Xu Jiawu , Rogers Zoe H. , Munoz Alexander R. , Okello Samson , Kim June-Ho , Sentongo Ruth , Wagubi Robert , Lankowski Alex , Maruapula Segametsi , Zhao Guoyan , Handley Scott A. , Mosepele Mosepele , Siedner Mark J. , Kwon Douglas S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHIV-associated changes in intestinal microbiota are believed to be important drivers of disease progression. However, the majority of studies have focused on populations in high-income countries rather than in developing regions where HIV burden is greatest. To better understand the impact of HIV on fecal microbiota globally, we compare the fecal microbial community of individuals in the U.S., Uganda, and Botswana. We identify significant bacterial taxa alterations with both treated and untreated HIV infection with a high degree of uniqueness in each cohort. HIV-associated taxa alterations are also significantly different between populations that report men who have sex with men (MSM) behavior and non-MSM populations. Additionally, while we find that HIV infection is consistently associated with higher soluble markers of immune activation, most specific bacterial taxa associated with these markers in each region are not shared and none are shared across all three geographic locations in our study. Our findings demonstrate that HIV-associated changes in fecal microbiota are overall distinct among geographical locations and sexual behavior groups, although a small number of taxa shared between pairs of geographic locations warrant further investigation, highlighting the importance of considering host context to fully assess the impact of the gut microbiome on human health and disease.
Bystander activated CD8+ T cells mediate neuropathology during viral infection via antigen-independent cytotoxicity
Authors: Balint Elizabeth , Feng Emily , Giles Elizabeth C. , Ritchie Tyrah M. , Qian Alexander S. , Vahedi Fatemeh , Montemarano Amelia , Portillo Ana L. , Monteiro Jonathan K. , Trigatti Bernardo L. , Ashkar Ali A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough many viral infections are linked to the development of neurological disorders, the mechanism governing virus-induced neuropathology remains poorly understood, particularly when the virus is not directly neuropathic. Using a mouse model of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, we found that the severity of neurological disease did not correlate with brain ZIKV titers, but rather with infiltration of bystander activated NKG2D+CD8+ T cells. Antibody depletion of CD8 or blockade of NKG2D prevented ZIKV-associated paralysis, suggesting that CD8+ T cells induce neurological disease independent of TCR signaling. Furthermore, spleen and brain CD8+ T cells exhibited antigen-independent cytotoxicity that correlated with NKG2D expression. Finally, viral infection and inflammation in the brain was necessary but not sufficient to induce neurological damage. We demonstrate that CD8+ T cells mediate virus-induced neuropathology via antigen-independent, NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity, which may serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of virus-induced neurological disease.
Localisation-to-delocalisation transition of moiré excitons in WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures
Authors: Blundo Elena , Tuzi Federico , Cianci Salvatore , Cuccu Marzia , Olkowska-Pucko Katarzyna , Kipczak Łucja , Contestabile Giorgio , Miriametro Antonio , Felici Marco , Pettinari Giorgio , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Babiński Adam , Molas Maciej R. , Polimeni Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMoiré excitons (MXs) are electron-hole pairs localised by the periodic (moiré) potential forming in two-dimensional heterostructures (HSs). MXs can be exploited, e.g., for creating nanoscale-ordered quantum emitters and achieving or probing strongly correlated electronic phases at relatively high temperatures. Here, we studied the exciton properties of WSe2/MoSe2 HSs from T = 6 K to room temperature using time-resolved and continuous-wave micro-photoluminescence also under a magnetic field. The exciton dynamics and emission lineshape evolution with temperature show clear signatures that MXs de-trap from the moiré potential and turn into free interlayer excitons (IXs) for temperatures above 100 K. The MX-to-IX transition is also apparent from the exciton magnetic moment reversing its sign when the moiré potential is not capable of localising excitons at elevated temperatures. Concomitantly, the exciton formation and decay times reduce drastically. Thus, our findings establish the conditions for a truly confined nature of the exciton states in a moiré superlattice with increasing temperature and photo-generated carrier density.
Identification of myeloid-derived growth factor as a mechanically-induced, growth-promoting angiocrine signal for human hepatocytes
Authors: Große-Segerath Linda , Follert Paula , Behnke Kristina , Ettich Julia , Buschmann Tobias , Kirschner Philip , Hartwig Sonja , Lehr Stefan , Korf-Klingebiel Mortimer , Eberhard Daniel , Lehwald-Tywuschik Nadja , Al-Hasani Hadi , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Heinrich Stefan , Levkau Bodo , Wollert Kai C. , Scheller Jürgen , Lammert Eckhard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, we have shown that after partial hepatectomy (PHx), an increased hepatic blood flow initiates liver growth in mice by vasodilation and mechanically-triggered release of angiocrine signals. Here, we use mass spectrometry to identify a mechanically-induced angiocrine signal in human hepatic endothelial cells, that is, myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF). We show that it induces proliferation and promotes survival of primary human hepatocytes derived from different donors in two-dimensional cell culture, via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). MYDGF also enhances proliferation of human hepatocytes in three-dimensional organoids. In vivo, genetic deletion of MYDGF decreases hepatocyte proliferation in the regenerating mouse liver after PHx; conversely, adeno-associated viral delivery of MYDGF increases hepatocyte proliferation and MAPK signaling after PHx. We conclude that MYDGF represents a mechanically-induced angiocrine signal and that it triggers growth of, and provides protection to, primary mouse and human hepatocytes.
Short-term hypercaloric carbohydrate loading increases surgical stress resilience by inducing FGF21
Authors: Agius Thomas , Emsley Raffaella , Lyon Arnaud , MacArthur Michael R. , Kiesworo Kevin , Faivre Anna , Stavart Louis , Lambelet Martine , Legouis David , de Seigneux Sophie , Golshayan Déla , Lazeyras Francois , Yeh Heidi , Markmann James F. , Uygun Korkut , Ocampo Alejandro , Mitchell Sarah J. , Allagnat Florent , Déglise Sébastien , Longchamp Alban 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDietary restriction promotes resistance to surgical stress in multiple organisms. Counterintuitively, current medical protocols recommend short-term carbohydrate-rich drinks (carbohydrate loading) prior to surgery, part of a multimodal perioperative care pathway designed to enhance surgical recovery. Despite widespread clinical use, preclinical and mechanistic studies on carbohydrate loading in surgical contexts are lacking. Here we demonstrate in ad libitum-fed mice that liquid carbohydrate loading for one week drives reductions in solid food intake, while nearly doubling total caloric intake. Similarly, in humans, simple carbohydrate intake is inversely correlated with dietary protein intake. Carbohydrate loading-induced protein dilution increases expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) independent of caloric intake, resulting in protection in two models of surgical stress: renal and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The protection is consistent across male, female, and aged mice. In vivo, amino acid add-back or genetic FGF21 deletion blocks carbohydrate loading-mediated protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Finally, carbohydrate loading induction of FGF21 is associated with the induction of the canonical integrated stress response (ATF3/4, NF-kB), and oxidative metabolism (PPARγ). Together, these data support carbohydrate loading drinks prior to surgery and reveal an essential role of protein dilution via FGF21.
Unzipped genome assemblies of polyploid root-knot nematodes reveal unusual and clade-specific telomeric repeats
Authors: Mota Ana Paula Zotta , Koutsovoulos Georgios D. , Perfus-Barbeoch Laetitia , Despot-Slade Evelin , Labadie Karine , Aury Jean-Marc , Robbe-Sermesant Karine , Bailly-Bechet Marc , Belser Caroline , Péré Arthur , Rancurel Corinne , Kozlowski Djampa K. , Hassanaly-Goulamhoussen Rahim , Da Rocha Martine , Noel Benjamin , Meštrović Nevenka , Wincker Patrick , Danchin Etienne G. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing long-read sequencing, we assembled and unzipped the polyploid genomes of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria, three of the most devastating plant-parasitic nematodes. We found the canonical nematode telomeric repeat to be missing in these and other Meloidogyne genomes. In addition, we find no evidence for the enzyme telomerase or for orthologs of C. elegans telomere-associated proteins, suggesting alternative lengthening of telomeres. Instead, analyzing our assembled genomes, we identify species-specific composite repeats enriched mostly at one extremity of contigs. These repeats are G-rich, oriented, and transcribed, similarly to canonical telomeric repeats. We confirm them as telomeric using fluorescent in situ hybridization. These repeats are mostly found at one single end of chromosomes in these species. The discovery of unusual and specific complex telomeric repeats opens a plethora of perspectives and highlights the evolutionary diversity of telomeres despite their central roles in senescence, aging, and chromosome integrity.
Rapid exchange cooling with trapped ions
Authors: Fallek Spencer D. , Sandhu Vikram S. , McGill Ryan A. , Gray John M. , Tinkey Holly N. , Clark Craig R. , Brown Kenton R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe trapped-ion quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture is a leading candidate for advanced quantum information processing. In current QCCD implementations, imperfect ion transport and anomalous heating can excite ion motion during a calculation. To counteract this, intermediate cooling is necessary to maintain high-fidelity gate performance. Cooling the computational ions sympathetically with ions of another species, a commonly employed strategy, creates a significant runtime bottleneck. Here, we demonstrate a different approach we call exchange cooling. Unlike sympathetic cooling, exchange cooling does not require trapping two different atomic species. The protocol introduces a bank of “coolant" ions which are repeatedly laser cooled. A computational ion can then be cooled by transporting a coolant ion into its proximity. We test this concept experimentally with two 40Ca+ ions, executing the necessary transport in 107 μs, an order of magnitude faster than typical sympathetic cooling durations. We remove over 96%, and as many as 102(5) quanta, of axial motional energy from the computational ion. We verify that re-cooling the coolant ion does not decohere the computational ion. This approach validates the feasibility of a single-species QCCD processor, capable of fast quantum simulation and computation.
Strong coupling between a microwave photon and a singlet-triplet qubit
Authors: Ungerer J. H. , Pally A. , Kononov A. , Lehmann S. , Ridderbos J. , Potts P. P. , Thelander C. , Dick K. A. , Maisi V. F. , Scarlino P. , Baumgartner A. , Schönenberger C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCombining superconducting resonators and quantum dots has triggered tremendous progress in quantum information, however, attempts at coupling a resonator to even charge parity spin qubits have resulted only in weak spin-photon coupling. Here, we integrate a zincblende InAs nanowire double quantum dot with strong spin-orbit interaction in a magnetic-field resilient, high-quality resonator. The quantum confinement in the nanowire is achieved using deterministically grown wurtzite tunnel barriers. Our experiments on even charge parity states and at large magnetic fields, allow us to identify the relevant spin states and to measure the spin decoherence rates and spin-photon coupling strengths. We find an anti-crossing between the resonator mode in the single photon limit and a singlet-triplet qubit with a spin-photon coupling strength of g/2π = 139 ± 4 MHz. This coherent coupling exceeds the resonator decay rate κ/2π = 19.8 ± 0.2 MHz and the qubit dephasing rate γ/2π = 116 ± 7 MHz, putting our system in the strong coupling regime.
Eosinophils preserve bone homeostasis by inhibiting excessive osteoclast formation and activity via eosinophil peroxidase
Authors: Andreev Darja , Kachler Katerina , Liu Mengdan , Chen Zhu , Krishnacoumar Brenda , Ringer Mark , Frey Silke , Krönke Gerhard , Voehringer David , Schett Georg , Bozec Aline 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEosinophils are involved in tissue homeostasis. Herein, we unveiled eosinophils as important regulators of bone homeostasis. Eosinophils are localized in proximity to bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the bone marrow. The absence of eosinophils in ΔdblGATA mice results in lower bone mass under steady-state conditions and amplified bone loss upon sex hormone deprivation and inflammatory arthritis. Conversely, increased numbers of eosinophils in IL-5 transgenic mice enhance bone mass under steady-state conditions and protect from hormone- and inflammation- mediated bone loss. Eosinophils strongly inhibit the differentiation and demineralization activity of osteoclasts and lead to profound changes in the transcriptional profile of osteoclasts. This osteoclast-suppressive effect of eosinophils is based on the release of eosinophil peroxidase causing impaired reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase induction in osteoclast precursors. In humans, the number and the activity of eosinophils correlates with bone mass in healthy participants and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Taken together, experimental and human data indicate a regulatory function of eosinophils on bone.
Exploring negative emission potential of biochar to achieve carbon neutrality goal in China
Authors: Deng Xu , Teng Fei , Chen Minpeng , Du Zhangliu , Wang Bin , Li Renqiang , Wang Pan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLimiting global warming to within 1.5 °C might require large-scale deployment of premature negative emission technologies with potentially adverse effects on the key sustainable development goals. Biochar has been proposed as an established technology for carbon sequestration with co-benefits in terms of soil quality and crop yield. However, the considerable uncertainties that exist in the potential, cost, and deployment strategies of biochar systems at national level prevent its deployment in China. Here, we conduct a spatially explicit analysis to investigate the negative emission potential, economics, and priority deployment sites of biochar derived from multiple feedstocks in China. Results show that biochar has negative emission potential of up to 0.92 billion tons of CO2 per year with an average net cost of US$90 per ton of CO2 in a sustainable manner, which could satisfy the negative emission demands in most mitigation scenarios compatible with China’s target of carbon neutrality by 2060.
Self-assembled hydrated copper coordination compounds as ionic conductors for room temperature solid-state batteries
Authors: Zhan Xiao , Li Miao , Zhao Xiaolin , Wang Yaning , Li Sha , Wang Weiwei , Lin Jiande , Nan Zi-Ang , Yan Jiawei , Sun Zhefei , Liu Haodong , Wang Fei , Wan Jiayu , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Qiaobao , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the core component of solid-state batteries, neither current inorganic solid-state electrolytes nor solid polymer electrolytes can simultaneously possess satisfactory ionic conductivity, electrode compatibility and processability. By incorporating efficient Li+ diffusion channels found in inorganic solid-state electrolytes and polar functional groups present in solid polymer electrolytes, it is conceivable to design inorganic-organic hybrid solid-state electrolytes to achieve true fusion and synergy in performance. Herein, we demonstrate that traditional metal coordination compounds can serve as exceptional Li+ ion conductors at room temperature through rational structural design. Specifically, we synthesize copper maleate hydrate nanoflakes via bottom-up self-assembly featuring highly-ordered 1D channels that are interconnected by Cu2+/Cu+ nodes and maleic acid ligands, alongside rich COO− groups and structural water within the channels. Benefiting from the combination of ion-hopping and coupling-dissociation mechanisms, Li+ ions can preferably transport through these channels rapidly. Thus, the Li+-implanted copper maleate hydrate solid-state electrolytes shows remarkable ionic conductivity (1.17 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature), high Li+ transference number (0.77), and a 4.7 V-wide operating window. More impressively, Li+-implanted copper maleate hydrate solid-state electrolytes are demonstrated to have exceptional compatibility with both cathode and Li anode, enabling long-term stability of more than 800 cycles. This work brings new insight on exploring superior room-temperature ionic conductors based on metal coordination compounds.
Development of multifunctional membranes via plasma-assisted nonsolvent induced phase separation
Authors: Huang Yueh-Han , Wang Meng-Jiy , Chung Tai-Shung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDemands on superhydrophobic, self-cleaning and piezoelectric membranes have gained significantly due to their potential to overcome global shortages in clean water and energy. In this study, we have discovered a novel plasma-assisted nonsolvent induced phase separation (PANIPS) method to prepare superhydrophobic, self-cleaning and piezoelectric poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membranes without additional chemical modifications or post-treatments. The PANIPS membranes exhibit water contact angles ranging from 151.2° to 166.4° and sliding angles between 6.7° and 29.7°. They also show a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 10.5 pC N−1 and can generate a high output voltage of 10 Vpp. The PANIPS membranes can effectively recover pure water from various waste solutions containing Rose Bengal dye, humic acid, or sodium dodecyl sulfate via direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). This study may provide valuable insights to fabricate PANIPS membranes and open up new avenues to molecularly design advanced superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, and piezoelectric membranes in the fields of clean water production, motion sensor, and piezoelectric nanogenerator.
Collectively enhanced Ramsey readout by cavity sub- to superradiant transition
Authors: Bohr Eliot A. , Kristensen Sofus L. , Hotter Christoph , Schäffer Stefan A. , Robinson-Tait Julian , Thomsen Jan W. , Zelevinsky Tanya , Ritsch Helmut , Müller Jörg H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen an inverted ensemble of atoms is tightly packed on the scale of its emission wavelength or when the atoms are collectively strongly coupled to a single cavity mode, their dipoles will align and decay rapidly via a superradiant burst. However, a spread-out dipole phase distribution theory predicts a required minimum threshold of atomic excitation for superradiance to occur. Here we experimentally confirm this predicted threshold for superradiant emission on a narrow optical transition when exciting the atoms transversely and show how to take advantage of the resulting sub- to superradiant transition. A π/2-pulse places the atoms in a subradiant state, protected from collective cavity decay, which we exploit during the free evolution period in a corresponding Ramsey pulse sequence. The final excited state population is read out via superradiant emission from the inverted atomic ensemble after a second π/2-pulse, and with minimal heating this allows for multiple Ramsey sequences within one experimental cycle. Our scheme is an innovative approach to atomic state readout characterized by its speed, simplicity, and highly directional emission of signal photons. It demonstrates the potential of sensors using collective effects in cavity-coupled quantum emitters.
Isolation and characterization of a pangolin-borne HKU4-related coronavirus that potentially infects human-DPP4-transgenic mice
Authors: Xia Luo-Yuan , Wang Zhen-Fei , Cui Xiao-Ming , Li Yuan-Guo , Ye Run-Ze , Zhu Dai-Yun , Li Fang-Xu , Zhang Jie , Wang Wen-Hao , Zhang Ming-Zhu , Gao Wan-Ying , Li Lian-Feng , Que Teng-Cheng , Wang Tie-Cheng , Jia Na , Jiang Jia-Fu , Gao Yu-Wei , Cao Wu-Chun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe recently detected a HKU4-related coronavirus in subgenus Merbecovirus (named pangolin-CoV-HKU4-P251T) from a Malayan pangolin1. Here we report isolation and characterization of pangolin-CoV-HKU4-P251T, the genome sequence of which is closest to that of a coronavirus from the greater bamboo bat (Tylonycteris robustula) in Yunnan Province, China, with a 94.3% nucleotide identity. Pangolin-CoV-HKU4-P251T is able to infect human cell lines, and replicates more efficiently in cells that express human-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (hDPP4)-expressing and pangolin-DPP4-expressing cells than in bat-DPP4-expressing cells. After intranasal inoculation with pangolin-CoV-HKU4-P251, hDPP4-transgenic female mice are likely infected, showing persistent viral RNA copy numbers in the lungs. Progressive interstitial pneumonia developed in the infected mice, characterized by the accumulation of macrophages, and increase of antiviral cytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in lung tissues. These findings suggest that the pangolin-borne HKU4-related coronavirus has a potential for emerging as a human pathogen by using hDPP4.