bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal adversarial perturbations for multiple classification tasks with quantum classifiers
Authors: Qiu Yun-Zhong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Quantum adversarial machine learning is an emerging field that studies the vulnerability of quantum learning systems against adversarial perturbations and develops possible defense strategies. Quantum universal adversarial perturbations are small perturbations, which can make different input samples into adversarial examples that may deceive a given quantum classifier. This is a field that was rarely looked into but worthwhile investigating because universal perturbations might simplify malicious attacks to a large extent, causing unexpected devastation to quantum machine learning models. In this paper, we take a step forward and explore the quantum universal perturbations in the context of heterogeneous classification tasks. In particular, we find that quantum classifiers that achieve almost state-of-the-art accuracy on two different classification tasks can be both conclusively deceived by one carefully-crafted universal perturbation. This result is explicitly demonstrated with well-designed quantum continual learning models with elastic weight consolidation method to avoid catastrophic forgetting, as well as real-life heterogeneous datasets from hand-written digits and medical MRI images. Our results provide a simple and efficient way to generate universal perturbations on heterogeneous classification tasks and thus would provide valuable guidance for future quantum learning technologies.
Comparing experimental auctions and real choice experiments in food choice: a homegrown and induced value analysis
Authors: Caputo Vincenzina , Lagoudakis Angelos , Shupp Robert , Bazzani Claudia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study compares a real choice experiment (RCE) with three commonly used experimental auction (EA) mechanisms (Becker–DeGroot–Marschak, random nth price auction (RNPA), second price auction (SPA)) to determine whether willingness to pay (WTP) estimates differ across these elicitation methods. We use quality labels on eggs as the empirical application and find that the SPA, RNPA and RCE yield similar WTP estimates, while the BDM mechanism generally produces higher WTP estimates. We also compare these EAs and the RCE in an induced value setting and find that the BDM auction produces greater deviations from the underlying value than the other EAs and RCE. We suggest that RCEs may be preferable to BDMs for collecting WTP estimates in logistically difficult experimental settings.
The Fourth Age in Prospect
Authors: Ekerdt David J , Adamson Erin , HasmanováMarhánková Jaroslava , Chin David C W , Fung Helene H , Liou Shyhnan , Morgan Cyleen A , Lessenich Stephan , Münch Anne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Higgs and Gilleard (2015) have uniquely theorized the fourth age as a “social imaginary” of deep old age that blends notions of frailty, abjection, and the moral relations of care. This report evaluates the coherence and reach of the fourth-age imaginary among older adults in relative good health.

Methods
In a qualitative design and within samples at 5 sites (in Czechia, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the United States), 138 adults aged 70+ and still living independently discussed what it would mean to be “not independent” in later life. Replies referenced other people in general, specific people, and one’s own actual or potential experience.

Results
Pooled across sites, the views of our participants confirm the theorized features of the social imaginary. Participants spoke readily of gateway infirmities heralding frailty and of frailty’s abjection; expressed dread and abhorrence of dependence, some saying that death would be preferable; and were anxious about nursing homes and about burdening others with an obligation to care for them.

Discussion
The bleak but formidable reputation of the fourth age impinges on those living in the third. The consonant expression of fourth-age features among older adults on 3 continents supports Gilleard and Higgs’s claim that the fourth-age imaginary “contains a universal ontological quality” owing to human corporeality and the senescence to which it is subject. Fourth-age studies that document the lived experience of frailty and dependence have the potential to undermine the imaginary and furnish new narratives for facing the future.
Marital Satisfaction, Gender, and Active Social Engagement in Older Adults: Longitudinal Evidence From South Korea
Authors: Kim Jinho 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated the longitudinal association between marital satisfaction and active social engagement among older adults, while also considering potential gender differences in these associations.

Methods
Seven waves of data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2019 were utilized (N = 2,568, aged 65 or older). Fixed-effects Poisson regression models were employed to account for unobserved individual-level confounders. To capture active social engagement comprehensively, multiple activity types including social interaction, physical activity, travel activity, and volunteer activity were considered. An interaction model was used to examine potential gender differences.

Results
The results of this study suggested that an individual’s marital satisfaction is associated with an increase in their active social engagement. A one-standard deviation increase in marital satisfaction was associated with a 1.9%, 2.9%, 5.8%, and 18.1% higher incidence rate of engagement in social interaction, physical activity, travel activity, and volunteer activity, respectively, after accounting for individual-specific factors. The associations for social interaction and travel activity were largely driven by older men. In contrast, the associations for physical activity and volunteer activity were similar for older men and older women.

Discussion
Marital satisfaction plays a crucial role in fostering active social engagement among older adults. Interventions designed to address social and financial obstacles within marital relationships among older adults could effectively improve their health and well-being by promoting various types of activities. The impact of these interventions may differ based on gender and the specific types of activities involved.
Securing the supply of benzathine penicillin: a global perspective on risks and mitigation strategies to prevent future shortages
Authors: Seghers Frederic , Taylor Melanie M , Storey Andrew , Dong Jicui , Wi Teodora C , Wyber Rosemary , Ralston Kate , Nguimfack Boniface Dongmo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Benzathine benzylpenicillin is a globally indispensable medicine. As a long-lasting injectable penicillin, it serves as the primary treatment for syphilis, group A streptococcal infections, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. A competitive market and low profit margins, compounded by limited visibility of demand, have resulted in a decreased number of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturers. By 2016, only three Chinese API manufacturers remained, continuing to supply to the global market today. Recurring global shortages, a consequence of supply and demand imbalances, indicate underlying market risks. Therefore, the need for mitigation strategies is imperative.
Prediction of the daily nutrient requirements of gestating sows based on sensor data and machine-learning algorithms
Authors: Durand Maëva , Largouët Christine , de Beaufort Louis Bonneau , Dourmad Jean Yves , Gaillard Charlotte 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrecision feeding is a strategy for supplying an amount and composition of feed as close that are as possible to each animal’s nutrient requirements, with the aim of reducing feed costs and environmental losses. Usually, the nutrient requirements of gestating sows are provided by a nutrition model that requires input data such as sow and herd characteristics, but also an estimation of future farrowing performances. New sensors and automatons, such as automatic feeders and drinkers, have been developed on pig farms over the last decade, and have produced large amounts of data. This study evaluated machine-learning methods for predicting the daily nutrient requirements of gestating sows, based only on sensor data, according to various configurations of digital farms. The data of 73 gestating sows was recorded using sensors such as electronic feeders and drinker stations, connected weight scales, accelerometers, and cameras. Nine machine-learning algorithms were trained on various dataset scenarios according to different digital farm configurations (one or two sensors), to predict the daily metabolizable energy and standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements for each sow. The prediction results were compared to those predicted by the InraPorc model, a mechanistic model for the precision feeding of gestating sows. The scenario predictions were also evaluated with or without the housing conditions and sow characteristics at artificial insemination usually integrated into the InraPorc model. Adding housing and sow characteristics to sensor data improved the mean average percentage error by 5.58% for lysine and by 2.22% for energy. The higher correlation coefficient values for lysine (0.99) and for energy (0.95) were obtained for scenarios involving an automatic feeder system (daily duration and number of visits with or without consumption) only. The scenarios including an automatic feeder combined with another sensor gave good performance results. For the scenarios using sow and housing characteristics and automatic feeder only, the root mean square error was lower with gradient tree boosting (0.91 MJ/d for energy and 0.08 g/d for lysine) compared with those obtained using linear regression (2.75 MJ/d and 1.07 g/d). The results of this study show that the daily nutrient requirements of gestating sows can be predicted accurately using data provided by sensors and machine-learning methods. It paves the way for simpler solutions for precision feeding.
‘What Are You Going Through?’ Reflections on Lyndsey Stonebridge’s Placeless People: Writing, Rights, and Refugees—in memory of David Petrasek
Authors: Phillips Brian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This review (in memory of David Petrasek) considers Lyndsey Stonebridge’s Placeless People: Writing, Rights, and Refugees and explores the book’s key implications for human rights practitioners and their organizations. The review is one of three contributions to this Fifteenth Anniversary Issue’s Review Section from members of the JHRP Editorial Team and JHRP Editorial Board—highlighting a book of particular significance to human rights practitioners and educators published between 2008 and 2023.
Sustainability of White Oak (Quercus alba) Timber Supply in Kentucky
Authors: Dhungel Gaurav , Ochuodho Thomas O , Lhotka John M , Stringer Jeffrey W , Poudel Kamana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
White oak is a major commercial tree species and an important timber resource in Kentucky. However, current forest inventory trends from the Central Hardwood Forest Region (CHFR) reveal a sustainability threat from declining white oak regeneration and recruitment leading to a disproportionate inventory structure. Using Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data together with the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), we performed a base run analysis of projected inventory levels of white oak sawlogs to better understand whether the inventory level is sustainable to support the current harvest level of white oak in the future. The projections were further examined by tree grades to provide a general outlook on the quality of white oak timber growing in Kentucky’s forests in posterity. By doing so, we generated results that indicate that projected inventory levels of white oak sawlogs cannot be considered sustainable to support current harvest levels from 2058 onwards. In addition, the long-term trends in inventory levels of high-quality white oak sawlogs would be continuously declining whereas that of low-quality sawlogs would be steadily increasing. On the brink of these significant inventory shifts, our study calls for proactive forest management approaches to stabilize the white oak timber resource supply in Kentucky and beyond.
En bloc resection of pararectal ectopic thyroid tissue: a case report
Authors: Charbonneau Janyssa , Lefebvre Véronique , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A pararectal mass’ specific diagnosis can be challenging as a broad range of both benign and malignant tumors are possible. Many of these lesions are congenital and do not require treatment, if asymptomatic. Special attention is to be paid when imaging findings are not typical. In such cases, definitive diagnostic can require surgical excision. To this day, ectopic thyroid tissue was not part of known differential diagnosis. This is the first reported case of thyroid adenoma found in the perirectal area. Ectopic thyroid gland can progress over time and include malignant transformation, although rare. It needs to be considered when managing these cases, especially in unusual locations. This case report offers a systematic approach to the atypical pararectal tumor. It shares new specific clinical experience in managing a case of pararectal ectopic thyroid adenoma, from both a surgical and a histopathological point of view.
Intraoperative glanspexy during complex repair of Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Mossack Spencer , Greydanus Matthew , Yoon Jamie , Roadman Daniel , Levine Laurence 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Men undergoing surgical correction of Peyronie’s disease (PD) have had intraoperative identification of a glans tilt or floppy glans not recognized preoperatively.

Aim
To describe the outcomes of a novel modified glanspexy performed on a large cohort of men with PD who also underwent a partial plaque excision or incision and grafting, tunica albuginea plication, or inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) with straightening maneuvers.

Methods
A retrospective analysis (2016-2021) was performed on all patients who presented to a single surgeon with PD and were treated with a surgical procedure that included a glanspexy. Patients were tracked longitudinally, and interventions and outcomes were collected. All glanspexies were performed with the same surgical technique, where the glans was secured over the tips of the corpora cavernosa with several 4-0 Monocryl sutures between the glans and the tunica albuginea contralateral to the tilt through a subcoronal incision.

Outcomes
Our novel modified glanspexy technique resulted in excellent postoperative results with a high rate of durable repair.

Results
A total of 88 glanspexies were performed during surgery for PD with a median follow-up of 9 months (range, 1-77). All patients underwent a glanspexy plus partial plaque excision or incision and grafting (34.1%), tunica albuginea plication (10.2%), or an IPP with straightening maneuvers (55.7%). The most common direction of the glans tilt was dorsal (78.8%). Glanspexies were successful in 97.3% of patients, as only 2 (2.7%) had recurrent glans deformity &gt;20° during the follow-up period. Our glanspexy technique repaired the glans deformity without compromising sensitivity or sexual function. Sensory complaints were noted in 1 patient (1.1%), who complained of hypoesthesia of the glans; however, there was no adverse effect on orgasm or ejaculation. A repeat glanspexy for recurrent glans deformity was performed on 1 patient (1.1%).

Clinical Implications
While most literature focuses on glanspexy after IPP placement, our article provides evidence for use of our glanspexy technique to repair glans hypermobility in patients with PD.

Strengths and Limitations
Our data are strengthened by the relatively large sample population and consistent outcomes regardless of straightening maneuver used. Conclusions regarding glanspexy and long-term satisfaction are limited by the lack of a validated questionnaire to illicit satisfaction during the postoperative period.

Conclusion
Glanspexy with 4-0 Monocryl suture on a TF needle appears to be a safe, easy, minimally invasive, and effective technique for the treatment of a glans tilt or floppy glans identified during the surgical management of PD.
Virus-induced overexpression of heterologous FLOWERING LOCUS T for efficient speed breeding in tomato
Authors: Deng Yingtian , Yarur-Thys Antonia , Baulcombe David C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Potato virus X (PVX) vectors expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) or tomato FT ortholog SINGLE-FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) shortened the generation time in tomato due to accelerated tomato flowering and ripening by 14–21 d, and caused a 2–3-fold increase in the number of flowers and fruits, compared with non-infected or empty vector-infected plants. The Arabidopsis FT was more effective than the tomato orthologue SFT and there was no alteration of the flower or fruit morphology. The virus was not transmitted to the next generation; therefore viral vectors with expression of a heterologous FT will be a useful approach to speed breeding in tomato and other species.
Chance Favors the Prepared Genomes: Horizontal Transfer Shapes the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance Mutations in Core Genes
Authors: Coluzzi Charles , Guillemet Martin , Mazzamurro Fanny , Touchon Marie , Godfroid Maxime , Achaz Guillaume , Glaser Philippe , Rocha Eduardo P C 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBacterial lineages acquire novel traits at diverse rates in part because the genetic background impacts the successful acquisition of novel genes by horizontal transfer. Yet, how horizontal transfer affects the subsequent evolution of core genes remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the evolution of resistance to quinolones in Escherichia coli accounting for population structure. We found 60 groups of genes whose gain or loss induced an increase in the probability of subsequently becoming resistant to quinolones by point mutations in the gyrase and topoisomerase genes. These groups include functions known to be associated with direct mitigation of the effect of quinolones, with metal uptake, cell growth inhibition, biofilm formation, and sugar metabolism. Many of them are encoded in phages or plasmids. Although some of the chronologies may reflect epidemiological trends, many of these groups encoded functions providing latent phenotypes of antibiotic low-level resistance, tolerance, or persistence under quinolone treatment. The mutations providing resistance were frequent and accumulated very quickly. Their emergence was found to increase the rate of acquisition of other antibiotic resistances setting the path for multidrug resistance. Hence, our findings show that horizontal gene transfer shapes the subsequent emergence of adaptive mutations in core genes. In turn, these mutations further affect the subsequent evolution of resistance by horizontal gene transfer. Given the substantial gene flow within bacterial genomes, interactions between horizontal transfer and point mutations in core genes may be a key to the success of adaptation processes.
Investigating the magnetic field of the quiet Sun internetwork
Authors: Sedik Mohamed , Shaltout Abdelrazek M K , Deng Yuanyong , Ichimoto Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We analyze the magnetism of the quiet Sun internetwork (IN) using high-spatial-resolution data obtained by the spectropolarimeter (SP) of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite near the disk center of the Sun. The SP data were inverted using the Stokes Inversion based on Response functions (SIR) inversion code with a single-component atmosphere with depth dependent in the solar photosphere, assuming gradients in physical parameters along the line of sight (LOS). To avoid the effect of noise, only pixels with Stokes U and/or Q signals above 4.5 times the noise level are considered. The inversion results show that the magnetic field of the IN has mainly hG field strength and the inclination distribution is quasi-isotropic at the solar surface. The field strength decreases with height and becomes predominantly horizontal at the upper layers. At the mid photosphere, the distributions of field strength and inclination are consistent with those derived by Milne–Eddington inversion. The mean transverse and longitudinal flux densities are 66 Mx cm−2 and 13 Mx cm−2 at log τ = −1.0; we also study the ratio between the transverse and longitudinal components in the IN region as a function of depth in the photosphere, finding that the ratio is almost 2.7 in the deep layer, increasing to 5.1 in the upper layer. The mean field strength is greater than 100 G in the upper photosphere, which is consistent with the results based on the Hanle effect. We present the LOS velocity probability distribution function for IN at different optical depths, where its distribution is mainly associated with upflow velocities of VLOS = 1.2 and 0.6 km s−1 in the deeper and upper layers, respectively. In addition, there exists a reliable inversion analysis, which is obvious from the comparison between the observed and calculated area asymmetries in both Fe i lines of Hinode SP data.
Impact of informal care on the mental health of caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fleitas Alfonzo Ludmila , Taouk Yamna , Emerson Eric , King Tania 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Informal care can affect the mental health of caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated many people into informal care. Little is known about the longitudinal effect of informal care throughout the pandemic. We investigate changes in mental health in relation to changes in informal care between July 2020 and September 2021.

Methods
Using data from Understanding Society, we applied fixed-effects modelling to assess mental health variations associated with changes in caregiving among 13 557 participants (50 430 observations). Hours of weekly care were categorized as 0, 1–19, ≥20. Mental health was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) as a continuous score and a binary indicator. Main analyses were stratified by gender.

Results
Compared to when delivering 0 hours care/week, the GHQ-12 scores of women providing care for 1–19 hours/week were 0.46 points higher (95%CI: −0.11, 1.09), while their mental health scores were 0.99 higher (95%: 0.08, 1.90) when caring for ≥20 hours/week. Changes on the binary GHQ-12 measure were only evident for women when providing ≥20 hours of weekly care. These changes were not substantial among men.

Conclusion
Informal care adversely impacted the mental health of women carers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support programmes for informal carers should focus on alleviating caregiving loads in women.