bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN PESANTREN AL-MAWADDAH DALAM MENUMBUHKAN JIWA ENTREPRENEUR SANTRI MELALUI PRAKTIK BERWIRAUSAHA (STUDI KASUS PESANTREN AL-MAWADDAH HANGGOSOCO KUDUS)
Authors: Fina Nailil , Andni Riyan 
Published: December 2023

Pondok pesantren menjadi salah satu institusi pendidikan yang berperan penting dan ikut andil dalam meningkatkan kualitas SDM. Pesantren dikenal lembaga yang hanya memberikan pengetahuan agama (mengaji) dan akhlaq, serta mencetak generasi alumni memiliki skill entrepreneurship yang baik. Al Mawaddah merupakan salah satu lembaga pesantren di Kudus yang sudah terealisasikannya program entrepreneur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetetahui peran pesantren Al Mawaddah dalam menumbuhkan jiwa entrepreneur santri agar mencetak generasi alumni memiliki kemampuan kewirausahaan yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode penelitian lapangan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi dengan bukti dokumentasi serta diolah dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pondok pesantren mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan santri, dapat dilihat dari kemandirian secara financial yaitu tidak boleh menerima uang saku dari orangtuanya. Selain itu jumlah 100an alumni yang memiih berwirausaha dan dapat memperkerjakan orang lain. Dengan memperbanyak jenis program dan usaha di pesantren, santri dapat meningkatkan skill dan menumbuhkembangkan jiwa wirausaha sesuai dengan kemampuan yang akan mereka asah. Dukungan dari berbagai pihak disini diperlukan seperti pemerintah, masyarakat, kemampuan bakat tiap santri, orang terdekat, modal, terlebih kepada pesantren dalam memberikan motivasi agar semangat para santri tidak naik turun selama proses pembelajaran di pesantren. Oleh karena itu diharapkan para santri memiliki bekal ilmu wirausaha dan tidak buta akan peluang yang ada setelah keluar dari pesantren baik pada dunia kerja online ataupun offline, sekaligus dapat membuka lapangan pekerjaan bagi orang lain.
Kata Kunci: Peran Pesantren, Jiwa Entrepreneur, Praktik Berwirausaha
Educación transinclusiva en Educación Física: el estudio de un caso
Authors: Sanchis-Francés Lucia , Valencia-Peris Alexandra , Martos-García Daniel 
Published: December 2023

La escuela es un agente socializador de primer orden con un rol crucial dentro del cambio de actitudes hacia el colectivo LGTBIQ+. El ámbito de la Actividad Física y el Deporte es un espacio cisheteronormativo donde generalmente miembros de dicha comunidad tienden a sufrir discriminación. A partir de una metodología cualitativa basada en un estudio de caso de una alumna transgénero en una escuela concreta, se pretende evidenciar hasta qué punto determinadas prácticas educativas dentro del área de Educación Física son transinclusivas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto (1) las buenas prácticas realizadas por la escuela para que ésta se identifique como transinclusiva y (2) los retos aún pendientes para garantizar una educación igualitaria y basada en la diversidad donde sean reconocidas todas las identidades de género.
L’escola és un agent socialitzador i amb un rol crucial dintre del canvi d’actituds envers el col·lectiu LGTBIQ+. L’àmbit de l’Activitat Física i l’Esport és un espai heteronormatiu on generalment membres d’aquesta comunitat no tenen cabuda. A partir d’una metodologia qualitativa basada en un estudi de cas d’una alumna transgènere en un centre concret, es pretén evidenciar fins a quin punt determinades pràctiques educatives dins l’àrea d’Educació Física són transinclusives. Els resultats presenten (1) les bones pràctiques realitzades per l’escola perquè aquesta s’identifique com a transinclusiva i (2) els reptes encara pendents per garantir una educació igualitària i basada en la diversitat on siguen reconegudes totes les identitats de gènere.
Seasonality of natural transmission of bovine anaplasmosis under desert mountain range conditions
Authors: Zaugg Jerry L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Splenectomized cattle and mature, splee-nintact cattle were used as sentinels in a 4-year study to assess the seasonality of naturally transmitted anaplasmosis. Sentinels were exchanged and/or monitored monthly on 4 study areas of desert mountain range land in Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. Acute Anaplasma infections were diagnosed in sentinels every month of the year. Of 44 total infections, 29 (66%) were detected during March through August, the primary arthropod season. From December through February, 8 (18%) of the total 44 Anaplasma infections were diagnosed; the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus, was the probable disease vector. Susceptible cattle were determined to be at risk throughout the year, and anaplasmosis should be considered as a possible diagnosis in cattle with anemia during any season.
Differential antibody responses to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis
Authors: Ellis J.A. , Hawk D.A. , Holler L.D. , Mills K.W. , Pratt D.L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cell wall and bacteria-free supernatant with exotoxin preparations as antigens, and hemolysis inhibition tests were used to detect antibodies in the sera of adult range sheep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis (CL). The extent and severity of lesions were quantitated on the basis of a lesion score, derived from an examination of the carcass (peripheral lymphoid tissue) and viscera (including internal lymphoid tissue) at the time of slaughter. The overall prevalence of C pseudotuberculosis-positive CL lesions in 104 sheep was 31.7%. The cell wall ELISA detected antibodies in 96.9% (32/33) of sheep with C pseudotuberculosis- positive CL lesions. The exotoxin ELISA detected antibodies in 84.8% (28/33) of positive sheep in the same group. Both ELISA resulted in a high number of apparent false-positives, with 64.7% and 49.2%, respectively, positive optical density (OD) values in sheep with no gross CL lesions and no apparent C pseudotuberculosis infection. There was no significant relationship between the extent of lesion development (lesion score) and op values in both cell wall (r = 0.472) and exotoxin (r = 0.464) ELISA. Similarly, there was no significant relationship between the titer of antitoxin antibodies, as measured by the hemolysis inhibition test, and the extent of disease. These investigations indicate that those ELISA that use crude C pseudotuberculosis antigens are of questionable utility in the field, where C pseudotuberculosis infection is endemic in many sheep populations. Furthermore, these studies suggest that antibodies that are reactive with components of C pseudotuberculosis and that develop in response to infection may have little impact on the recovery of the host.
Efficacy of chlorpheniramine maleate for management of pruritus in cats
Authors: Miller William H. , Scott Danny W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Chlorpheniramine maleate was administered orally (2 mg, q12 h) to 26 cats with pruritic skin disease. Pruritus was completely eliminated in 19 cats, and was reduced by 50% in 1 cat. Six cats had no response to treatment. Serious or long-lasting clinical side effects were not observed in any cat.
Metallic foreign bodies in the mouth or pharynx of horses: Seven cases (1983-1989)
Authors: Kiper Mary Lou , Wrigley Robert , Traub-Dargatz Josie , Bennett Dwight 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seven horses with metallic foreign bodies in the mouth or pharynx were examined at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1983 to 1989. The horses had variable clinical signs, such as purulent nasal discharge, swelling of the throatlatch area, and dyspnea. Most of the horses had clinical signs for more than 2 weeks, and had no or only temporary improvement with conservative medical treatment (antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The definitive diagnostic test in all of the cases was radiography, which also aided in the plan for surgical removal of the foreign body. Once the foreign body was removed from each of the horses, their clinical signs resolved. Most of the foreign bodies were small pieces of wire, the sources of which could not be determined, but that may have been incorporated in baled hay.
Plasma cell stomatitis-pharyngitis in cats 40 cases (1973-1991)
Authors: White Stephen D. , Rosychuk Rod A. W. , Janik Thomas A. , Denerolle Phillipe , Schultheiss Patricia 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Clinical signs, laboratory findings, and treatment results of 40 cats with the histologic diagnosis of plasma cell stomatitis-pharyngitis are discussed. Median age was 7.1 years, with no discernable sex predilection. Anorexia and difficulty prehending food were the most common clinical signs. Hyperproteinemia with associated hyperglobulinemia was the most common laboratory finding. Of various treatments, administration of corticosteroids or injectable gold (aurothioglucose) proved most effective in controlling the clinical signs.
Effects of alternation of drug classes on the development of oxibendazole resistance in a herd of horses
Authors: Uhlinger Christine , Kristula Michaela 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Anthelmintic schedules that alternate between drug classes are widely used in horses. However, the results of investigations in which ovine nematode parasites were used have established that alternation of drug classes does not delay the development of drug resistance. This field study was designed to assess the effect of alternation of drug classes on the development of oxibendazole (obz) resistance in benzimidazole (bzd)-resistant equine small strongyles.
A privately owned herd of horses was used for this study. These animals grazed the same pasture and had been treated with the same anthelmintic schedule for several years. Prior studies had determined that the animals were parasitized with bzd-resistant small strongyles. The herd was divided into 2 groups of 20 and 21 horses. Group-1 horses were given obz 6 times a year and had a total of 25 treatments with the drug. Group-2 horses were given obz 3 times a year, in alternation with non-bzd drugs, and had a total of 16 treatments.
Statistical analysis revealed no difference between groups for the change in pretreatment fecal egg count following treatments 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16. Alternation of drug classes did not effect the development of drug resistance in this trial.
The efficacy of obz decreased with repeated treatments with the drug. By treatment 13, the efficacy, as evaluated by the fecal egg count reduction test, had decreased to < 70% in both groups.
Chronic frontal sinusitis in dairy cattle: 12 cases (1978-1989)
Authors: Ward Jeffrey L. , Rebhun William C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Chronic frontal sinusitis in 12 dairy cattle most often was associated with a history of dehorning, in which the sinus was entered (67%), or with respiratory tract disease (25%). The most common organisms isolated were Actinomyces pyogenes and Pasteurella multocida. Signs of infection did not develop for months in some cattle and were often intermittent. The most common clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, fever, frontal bone distortion, exophthalmos, abnormal posture, nasal discharge, and neurologic abnormalities.
Treatment consisted of trephination at 2 sites, drainage and lavage of the sinus cavity, and administration of antibiotics and analgesics. Eight cattle responded well to treatment and were discharged, but 4 others had signs of cns involvement and died or were euthanatized.
Trephination of the frontal sinus cavity at carefully chosen sites and antibiotic treatment are indicated when sinusitis is suspected. Drainage of the sinus cavity is imperative to avoid extension of the infection into the cns.
Comparison of applanation tonometers in dogs and horses
Authors: Dziezyc Joan , Millichamp Nicholas J. , Smith William B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Two Mackay-Marg tonometers and 2 Tono-Pen tonometers were evaluated in eyes in which intraocular pressure (iop) had been altered and measured by use of a manometer. Eyes of anesthetized dogs and enucleated horse eyes were used. Compared with the manometer, none of the tonometers accurately measured iop over the range between 0 and 100 mm of Hg. However at manometer measurements from 0 to 30 mm of Hg, several of the tonometers accurately measured iop. In addition, significant differences were observed when the measurement accuracy of one tonometer was compared with that of another, especially at high iop. Coefficient of determination (r2) values for a linear model ranged from 0.979 to 0.991 in dogs, and from 0.982 to 0.996 in horse eyes.
Radioimmunoassay monitoring of thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs on thyroid replacement therapy: 2,674 cases (1985-1987)
Authors: Nachreiner R. F. , Refsal K. R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Serum iodothyronine concentrations from 4,064 samples submitted for monitoring of thyroid replacement therapy were evaluated in a retrospective study. After exclusion of samples because of the presence of 3,5,3’ triiodothyronine (T3) autoantibodies, insufficient numbers of dogs on some commercial preparations or medication with corticosteroids or synthetic T3 preparations, data from 2,674 dogs remained. Data were analyzed by using information on dose, time after dosing, commercial product, and once-a-day or twice-a-day dosing regimens. Serum total thyroxine (T4) and total T3 and estimates of free T4 and free T3 were significantly high in serum from dogs given higher doses of synthetic L-thyroxine orally. Doubling the oral dosage did not double the serum iodothyronine concentrations, perhaps because of poor absorption or more rapid catabolism of the hormones at higher L-thyroxine doses.
Wide variation in the therapeutic hormone concentrations was found. Some dogs given low dosages of L-thyroxine had normal iodothyronine concentrations whereas some others given higher dosages had low normal to low concentrations. Monitoring the serum concentrations is an objective way to ensure adequate concentrations for successful therapy. When a therapeutic trial is used as a diagnostic procedure, one should not rule out hypothyroidism unless a therapeutic monitoring sample has indicated that replacement dose and absorption of the exogenous iodothyronine has been adequate.
Thyroid hormone concentrations peaked at 4 to 6 hours after oral administration of L-thyroxine for once-a-day and twice-a-day dosage regimens. Higher concentrations were achieved with once-a-day than with twice-a-day regimens at the same total daily dose. Because 2 of the lower peaks occurred per day with twice-a-day dosing, total target tissue exposure to the iodothyronines appeared to be similar to the once-a-day exposure. In general, dogs receiving the veterinary preparation of sodium levothyroxine had higher serum concentrations of iodothyronines than did dogs receiving a commonly used human preparation or generic preparations.
Ventricular arrhythmias in horses: 21 cases (1984-1989)
Authors: Reimer Johanna M. , Reef Virginia B. , Sweeney Raymond W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ventricular premature depolarizations (vpd) were identified in 21 horses in which unexplained tachycardia or an arrhythmia was detected on auscultation. Horses were categorized into 3 groups on the basis of ecg findings. Seven horses had uniform isolated vpd (group 1); 7 horses had repetitive uniform vpd at a rate <100 vpd/min (group 2); and 7 horses had either multiform vpd, R-on-T, or ≥ 100 vpd/min (group 3). Concurrent systemic disease was identified in 12 horses, 7 of which had gastrointestinal tract disorders. Serum cardiac isoenzyme activities were high in 6 (2 from each group) of 13 horses in which they were measured. Serum electrolyte concentrations were normal in all but 1 of 11 horses in which they were measured.
Antiarrhythmic drugs were given to 9 horses (all of which were in group 2 or group 3), 6 of which converted to sinus rhythm. Two horses that had R-on-T in the ECG died shortly after initiation of antiarrhythmic treatment. An accelerated idioventricular rhythm persisted in 1 horse for at least 8 months and failed to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs. Ventricular premature depolarizations resolved or decreased considerably in frequency in 11 horses without the administration of antiarrhythmic agents. Treatment in these horses included therapy for any underlying systemic disease, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or stall rest. The remaining horse was euthanatized several hours after hospitalization.
Five horses died or were euthanatized either during hospitalization or several months after being discharged. Myocardial lesions were identified at necropsy in 2 horses.
Pedunculated lipomas as a cause of intestinal obstruction in horses: 17 cases (1983-1990)
Authors: Blikslager Anthony T. , Bowman Karl F. , Haven Michelle L. , Tate Lloyd P. , Bristol David G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The medical records of 17 horses that were evaluated and treated because of colic caused by pedunculated lipomas between 1983 and 1990 were reviewed. The mean age of the horses was 16.6 ± 3.9 years (range, 10 to 26 years), which was significantly greater than that of the population of horses evaluated because of colic (control population) during the same period. There were significantly more geldings (76.5%), compared with the control population.
Nasogastric reflux ranged from 1 to 16 L in 8 horses and was not obtained in 9 horses. Abdominal palpation per rectum revealed small intestinal distention in 13 horses, displaced large colon in 7 horses, and large colon impaction in 2 horses. Peritoneal fluid was abnormal in 11 of 12 horses from which it was obtained successfully.
One horse was euthanatized after unsuccessful medical treatment. Surgery was performed in 16 horses. Lipomas were blindly resected in 5 horses or exteriorized and resected in 6 horses. The method used to resect the lipoma was not recorded in 5 horses. The ileum and/or jejunum was strangulated in 15 horses, the small colon was strangulated in 1 horse, and the jejunum was obstructed in 1 horse. The length of intestine resected ranged from 0.15 to 7.2 m.
Fourteen horses survived surgery, of which 11 were discharged from the hospital (short-term survival rate of 78.6%). Excluding 2 horses lost to follow-up evaluation, 6 of 12 horses that survived surgery were alive 2 to 56 months following surgery (long-term survival rate of 50%), and 9 of 15 horses died or were euthanatized (fatality rate of 60%).
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in food animal practice
Authors: Kopcha Michelle , Kaneene John B. , Shea Mary Ellen , Miller RoseAnn , Ahl Alwynelle S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
We attempted to determine the extent to which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used in the treatment of food animals, and whether withdrawal times for milk and slaughter are recommended to clients. A survey questionnaire was mailed to a stratified random sample of 2,000 veterinarians whose practices were at least half food animals. A cross-sectional study was used to examine the responses to determine whether differences existed on the basis of a respondent's geographic location, number of years since graduation from veterinary college, and percentage of practice devoted to beef and dairy cattle.
The response rate was 71% (1,424/2,000). Of those practitioners responding, 93% (1,325/1,424) reported using NSAID, with approximately 57 (751/1,322), 24 (327/1,322), and 18% (244/1,322) of respondents reporting use more than once a week, once a week, and 1 to 2 times per month, respectively. Dairy practitioners reported more frequent use than did beef practitioners. Use of flunixin meglumine was reported more frequently than the use of aspirin, phenylbutazone, or dipyrone. Approximately 88% (1,146/1,306) of respondents that used NSAID did so in combination with antibiotics. Withdrawal times for milk and meat were made on the basis of guidelines for the antibiotic. When using NSAID alone, recommendations for withdrawal times for milk and meat varied extensively. Overall, practitioners indicated that NSAID were useful and necessary for the treatment of food-producing animals.
Randomized field trial to determine the effects of oral selenium supplementation on milk production and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers
Authors: Coe Paul H. , Maas John , Reynolds James , Gardner Ian 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
A field trial was conducted to measure differences in performance between selenium-supplemented and nonsupplemented heifers on a 1,200-cow California dairy. One hundred seventeen 19- to 27-month-old Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 59) and control (n = 58) groups. A federally approved, commercially available, sustained-release intraruminal selenium bolus was administered to each heifer in the treatment group. Blood samples were taken from treated and control animals to assess selenium values before and after bolus administration and again after introduction to the milking ration. Production data were obtained from an on-farm computerized record system for each heifer during her first lactation.
Mean blood selenium concentrations in treated heifers were higher than those in control heifers from posttreatment day 30 until after calving. Data analyzed in midlactation and late lactation indicated no significant differences between treated and control groups in somatic cell count, days not pregnant, total milk produced, or times bred.
Effects of and factors associated with umbilical hernias in a swine herd
Authors: Searcy-Bernal Roberto , Gardner Ian A. , Hird David W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Of 2,958 pigs from a 320-sow, farrow-to-finish herd that were evaluated from birth to slaughter, 44 (1.5%) developed umbilical hernias. Hernias were detected mostly (34/44) when the pigs were between 9 and 14 weeks of age and were not fatal despite lack of treatment. Among littermates, weight gain prior to weaning was significantly (P = 0.04) lower in pigs that developed hernias (144.7 g/d) by 30 weeks of age than for nonaffected pigs (163.3 g/d), but growth rates from weaning to about 45 kg did not differ significantly.
Records of pigs sired by 13 purebred boars were used to evaluate breed-of-sire associations. Pigs sired by American Spotted (n = 19; relative risk [rr] = 8.3; 95% confidence interval [ci] = 2.1 to 32.7) and Duroc boars (n = 378; rr = 2.1; 95% ci = 1.0 to 4.5) were more likely to develop umbilical hernias than were pigs (n = 1,644) sired by Yorkshire boars. Umbilical lesions (omphalitis or umbilical abscess) were associated (rr = 7.6; 95% ci = 1.2 to 49.5) with umbilical herniation on an individual basis, but the association was not evident (rr = 1.2; 95% ci = 0.2 to 7.6) when the litter was the unit of analysis. Analysis of sire associations, stratified by umbilical lesion status, indicated increased risks in the nonlesioned stratum for the American Spotted (rr = 8.7) and Duroc sires (rr = 2.2). Adequate comparisons of sire breed in the lesioned stratum could not be made, because umbilical lesions were an infrequent finding (9/2,958). For Yorkshire-sired pigs, there was a 13.7 times higher risk (95% ci = 2.2 to 86.1) of umbilical hernias if the pig had an umbilical lesion earlier in life. Significant (P < 0.05) associations were not evident between umbilical hernia and sex, or prophylactic treatment with Oxytetracycline. Findings from the study provided support for genetic and infectious hypotheses for umbilical hernias.