bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent flexible organic light‐emitting devices
Authors: Gu Gong , Shen Zilan , Burrows Paul E. , Forrest S. R. 
Published: May 2005

Ultra‐lightweight, portable, roll‐up, full‐color flat panel displays move into the realm of the possible with the demonstration of transparent, flexible organic light‐emitting devices (T‐FOLEDs). The emission properties of the T‐FOLEDs and the effect of flexing are reported. The Figure shows a T‐FOLED after repeated bending—cracks appear when a 7 mm radius of curvature is reached.magnified image
Stability of molded polydimethylsiloxane microstructures
Authors: Delamarche Emmanuel , Schmid Heinz , Michel Bruno , Biebuyck Hans 
Published: May 2005

How stable are the features in elastomeric stamps—as used in microcontact printing (μCP) and micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC)—during their formation and subsequent application? Their stability is examined with respect to aspect ration and forces during handling. In the Figure, lines in the structure (gold on silicon), produced using an elastomeric stamp, can be seen to have merged into larger ensembles.magnified image
MyoD and myogenin are coexpressed in regenerating skeletal muscle of the mouse
Authors: Füchtbauer Ernst‐Martin , Westphal Heiner 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe differential expression of genes triggering myogenesis might cause or reflect differences among myoblasts. Little is known about the presence of MyoD1 and myogenin during the process of regeneration. We therefore examined the expression of MyoD1 and myogenin in muscle regeneration after grafting. Immunostaining of regenerating skeletal muscle of the mouse revealed the presence of both MyoD1 and myogenin. In mononucleated cells the proteins were not detected until shortly before fusion into myotubes. They persisted in the nuclei of regenerated muscle fibers for at least 2 weeks. MyoD1 and myogenin were not detected in nonregenerating control muscle.
Expression of testis‐specific histone genes during the development of rat spermatogenic cells in vitro
Authors: Smith Frank F. , Tres Laura L. , Kierszenbaum Abraham L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have used two radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes (TH2B and H1t), Northern blotting, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography to study the temporal expression of TH2B and H1t testis‐specific histone genes during the development of rat spermatogenic cells in vitro. These studies were carried out to determine whether meiotic prophase spermatocytes, known to synthesize in vivo TH2B and H1t histones among other histones, are capable of expressing these testis‐specific genes in vitro during an extended period of time. We have found abundant TH2B and H1t mRNA steady state levels as well as newly‐synthesized TH2B and H1t histones after 5 days of coculture. Northern blots reprobed with H1t‐specific oligonucleotide showed that H1t mRNA remained prominent when TH2B mRNA started to decline after 8–12 days of coculture. Phase‐contrast and transmission electron microscopy studies carried out throughout the course of the experiments demonstrated that the number of viable spermatogonia and meiotic prophase spermatocytes was relatively constant during 12 days of coculture. Spermatocytes, in a clone‐like arrangement, remained attached to Sertoli cell surfaces and displayed subcellular features consistent with those observed in the intact seminiferous epithelium. Spermatogonia formed long, branching chains of interconnected cells. Results of this study indicate that spermatogenic cells in coculture with Sertoli cells express testis‐specific histone genes for an extended period of time. Testis‐specific histone gene expression in vitro should facilitate further studies for understanding the role of these histones in chromatin structure, transcription, and genetic recombination during male meiotic prophase.
Deciduous dental morphology and the biological affinities of a late Chalcolithic skeletal series from western India
Authors: Lukacs John R. , Walimbe Subhash R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMorphological variations of the dental crown and roots provide valuable data for determining the genetic affinities and evolutionary adaptedness of prehistoric human skeletal populations. This paper documents morphological variations of a sample of deciduous teeth from the late Chalcolithic farming village of Inamgaon (1600–700 B.C.) in western India.Hanihara's (1963) grading system of deciduous dental traits was employed in assessing the degree of expression of shovel‐shape of incisors, cusp number of upper and lower first molars, hypocone variation, Carabelli's trait, cusp number of lower second molars and the protostylid. Turner's (1970) classification was used to determine presence and size of accessory cusps: entoconulid (C‐6) and metaconulid (C‐7).Comparative evaluation of the Inamgaon deciduous dental data is hampered by the absence of data for dental features of living and prehistoric South Asian populations. Many of the traits observed in the Inamgaon series exhibit a frequency of occurrence intermediate between figures characteristic of the “Mongoloid” dental complex and the “Caucasoid” dental complex.
Cytophysiological studies on isolated pancreatic islets in vitro
Authors: Slavin Bernard G. , Beigelman Paul M. , Bessman Samuel P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSingle, isolated pancreatic islets of mice and rats were incubated for varying time intervals (0.5‐60) minutes with high (300 mg%) and low (50 mg%) levels of glucose. The structural integrity of islets decreased progressively with time regardless of glucose concentration. Degeneration of islets was greatest after 60 minutes of incubation. The total amount of insulin released from cytologically intact mouse islets incubated with high glucose levels was always greater than that with low glucose except following 30 seconds of incubation when no difference was observed. Peaks of insulin secretion noted after 2 and 15 minutes of incubation were correlated with light microscopic and fine structural changes indicative of active secretion in β‐cells, i.e., degranulation, granule margination. At 5 and 30 minutes of incubation many β‐cells contained enlarged Golgi zones and abundant profiles of swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum containing pale, amorphous granular material presumably indicating insulin synthesis. Emphasis is placed on the desirability of correlating physiological and biochemical studies of isolated pancreatic islets with cytologic examination.
Morphology and histochemistry of the mandibular gland of the australian brush‐tail possum Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia)
Authors: Blood Louise A. , Kennerson Alan R. , Van Lennep Ernest W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA histological, ultrastructural and histochemical study of the mandibular gland of the Australian possum Trichosurus vulpecula revealed essentially similar features as those described earlier for the mandibular gland of the taxonomically relatively unrelated American opossum Didelphis. The secretory endpieces consist of a branched tubular part, composed of serous cells whose secretion granules contain neutral glycoproteins, and terminal acini, consisting of seromucous cells containing small amounts of sialomucins. Relatively short intercalated ducts lead to striated ducts of variable ultrastructural appearance. The striated ducts run in bundles in the center of each sublobule of the gland. The possible functional significance of the abundance and variability in ultrastructure of the striated ducts is discussed.
The anionic charge barrier in the renal corpuscle of the pronephros in the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.
Authors: Ellis L. C. , Youson J. H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe charge barrier within the renal corpuscle of the pronephric kidney of the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, was investigated at two life cycle intervals using cationized ferritin and polythyleneimine. In the larval renal corpuscle the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the laminae rarae externa and interna of the glomerular basement membrane show regularly‐spaced deposits of the tracers. The lamina densa remains unstained. Concmitant with a loss of major processes of the visceral epithelial podocytes and development of an extensive mesangial matrix in late adult life are alterations in the distribution of the anionic sites. The lamina rara interna is no longer a distinct entity and the mesangium contains irregularly‐distributed anionic sites surrounding electron‐dense deposits. The results indicate that the distribution of the anionic sites during adult life most likely affects the ability of the renal corpuscle to act as an efficient filtration device. This charge distribution is consistent with that seen during some renal pathologies of higher vertebrates.
Application of stereological analysis of cell volume to isolated myocytes in culture with and without adrenergic innervation
Authors: Atkins Dianne L. , Rosenthal Jane K. , Krumm Penny A. , Marvin William J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA three‐dimensional analysis to evaluate structural changes in cultured cardiac myocytes following adrenergic innervation was performed using stereological techniques formerly limited to cells in tissue and organs. Cell volumes were calculated for two groups of cells at 96 hours in culture: isolated myocytes and myocytes innervated with adrenergic neurons. Relative and absolute volumes of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell were quantified by systematically sampling sections throughout the cell and by point count sampling techniques. Volumetric estimates were similarly determined for the mitochondria, sarcomeres, and other cellular components in the cytoplasm. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and randomized block design to control for variation among the cultures. Adrenergic innervation produced a 44% increase in cell volume, X±SEM, (3,344±196 μm3 to 4,816±400 μm3, P = 0.007). The absolute volume of mitochondria significantly increased after innervation (521±42 μm3 to 744 ± 54 μm3, P<0.01). Absolute sarcomere volume did not change significantly (750 ± 92 μm3 to 642 ± 1061 μm3, P = 0.14). Other cellular components, defined as all cytoplasmic components except mitochondria and sarcomeres, significantly increased with innervation (1,739 ± 166 μm3 to 3,097 ± 338 μm3, P = 0.02). The relative volume of the nucleus and the cytoplasm in the cell remained unchanged following innervation. However, the relative volume of mitochondria decreased by 6%, the percent of the cytoplasm occupied by the sarcomeres decreased by 44%, and the volume occupied by the other cellular components increased by 22%. These findings support the use of stereological analysis as a means to quantify cell volumes of cultured myocytes. Significant increases in cell size, as well as changes in intracellular composition, accompany in vitro adrenergic innervation in the developing cardiac myocyte.
Quantitative non‐radioactive in situ hybridization of preproenkephalin mRNA with digoxigenin‐labeled cRNA probes
Authors: Robbins Elaine , Baldino Frank , Roberts‐Lewis Jill M. , Meyer Sheryl L. , Grega Debra , Lewis Michael E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNon‐radioactive detection of mRNA with in situ hybridization histochemistry has emerged as an important new technology for the study of gene expression. Quantitative in situ hybridization studies have generally relied upon counting of autoradiographic grains in the emulsion overlying cells containing hybridized, radioactively labeled probe. However, such high resolution studies require tedious grain counting over individual cells, frequently in addition to weeks of exposure to nuclear emulsion. The present report describes a quantitative, non‐radioactive approach to the detection of a specific mRNA in the brain with the advantages of comparatively rapid tissue processing and computerized image analysis. The validity of this approach was tested by measuring the haloperidol‐induced increase in the level of preproenkephalin mRNA in striatal sections of the rat brain using an RNA probe labeled with digoxigenin‐11‐UTP. Detection of probe hybridized to tissue sections was carried out enzymatically following complex formation with an antidigoxigenin‐alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Using computerized image analysis, it was found that chronic treatment of rats with haloperidol resulted in a 50 ± 6% increase in striatal neuronal optical density, a value in good agreement with previous studies using low‐resolution radioactive methods, showing a 30–80% increase in striatal preproenkephalin mRNA hybridization signal.
Serotonin‐like immunoreactivity in Merkel cells and their afferent neurons in touch domes from the hairy skin of rats
Authors: English Kathleen B. , Wang Zuo‐Zhong , Stayner Naida , Stensaas Larry J. , Martin Hervé , Tuckett Robert P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractImmunoreactivity to serotonin was observed in Merkel cells as well as the afferent type I nerves terminating upon them in touch domes excised from the belly skin of rats. Type I nerves were strongly immunoreactive and could be traced through the dermis of the domal papilla. Merkel cell immunoreactivity was sometimes seen in the entire cell, but was often localized in the Merkel cell cytoplasm adjacent to nerve terminals and may have been in the terminals themselves. Domes were fixed by immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde‐lysine‐sodiumm‐periodate (PLP) fixative at 4°C for 2.5–3 hours and cryoprotected in 30% sucrose overnight. Sections were processed with the avidin‐biotin complex peroxidase (ABC), peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP), and indirect immunofluorescence techniques with rabbit antiserum generated against serotonin.
EST! EST!! EST!!!
Authors: Hartl Daniel L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA recently published study(1) has identified a set of candidate genes for human diseases based on findings from Drosophila. Each human expressed sequence tag (EST) in a large database was compared with all known Drosophila genes. After eliminating matches between genes of already known function, the remaining sequences were mapped in the human genome. In each region, the phenotypes of all known human diseases were compared with the phenotypes of known Drosophila mutations in order to identify candidate genes for the human diseases. Are the correspondences real or coincidental?
Human physiology in space
Authors: Vernikos Joan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe universality of gravity (1g) in our daily lives makes it difficult to appreciate its importance in morphology and physiology. Bone and muscle support systems were created, cellular pumps developed, neurons organised and receptors and transducers of gravitational force to biologically relevant signals evolved under 1g gravity. Spaceflight provides the only microgravity environment where systematic experimentation can expand our basic understanding of gravitational physiology and perhaps provide new insights into normal physiology and disease processes. These include the surprising extent of our body's dependence on perceptual information, and understanding the effect and importance of forces generated within the body's weightbearing structures such as muscle and bones. Beyond this exciting prospect is the importance of this work towards opening the solar system for human exploration. Although both appear promising, we are only just beginning to taste what lies ahead.
Application of intracellular ATP determination in lymphocytes for HLA‐typing
Authors: Beckers B. , Lang H. R. M. , Weber W. , Pranada F. , Schweizer K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in human lymphocytes was determined using a technique based on light emission from a bioluminescent reaction with luciferin‐luciferase. The amount of ATP changed when cells were incubated in the presence of specific HLA antisera and complement. For determination of intracellular ATP a modified method was applied, which was based on reduction of extracellular ATP by the addition of ATPase. The results of titration of an anti‐human lymphocyte serum using the bioluminescence assay were in agreement with the results of fluorescence vitality staining. Bioluminescent HLA‐determination in 57 cell samples each tested with 5 different antisera also gave good agreement (95.8%) with the conventional method. From these experimental data the calculated ATP content per lymphocyte was 0.135 ± 0.058 pg ATP.
A chemiluminometric method for the determination of urea in serum using a three‐enzyme bioreactor
Authors: Tabata Masayoshi , Murachi Takashi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA flow injection chemiluminometric assay for urea has been developed based on a minicolumn bioreactor packed with immobilized enzyme‐bearing glass beads. The reactor contains immobilized urease, L‐glutamate dehydrogenase and L‐glutamate oxidase, aligned in this order (upstream to the downstream). When the sample is introduced into the bioreactor, urea is first hydrolysed by urease to produce ammonia, which is then converted into L‐glutamate by L‐glutamate dehydrogenase. L‐Glutamate is finally oxidized by L‐glutamate oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is quantified by measuring chemiluminescence emitted upon admixing with luminol and potassium ferricyanide. One assay cycle is completed within 1 minute. The method is sensitive (detection limit 0.5 nmol) and is linear in the range 0–30 mmol/l. It can be readily applied to the determination of urea in human serum, and requires no blank corrections for ammonia and/or L‐glutamate present in serum samples.
Chemiluminescent assay of lipid hydroperoxides
Authors: Belghmi Khalid , Nicolas Jean‐Claude , de Paulet André Crastes 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe addition of luminol plus a catalyst such as peroxidase or a heme prosthetic group to a solution containing a small quantity of lipid hydroperoxides results in a flash of chemiluminescence, the intensity of which is a function of the hydroperoxide concentrations. Various protocols for lipid hydroperoxide assays have been described and we have studied conditions to increase their sensitivity and specificity.Plasma lipid hydroperoxide determinations require an extraction, since compounds present in plasma interfere with light emission. Moreover, the sensitivity of the assay is by the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the medium, which causes high background values. Catalase does not act on lipid hydroperoxides and can be used to eliminate hydrogen peroxide from the reaction medium. The determination requires a blank tube in which hydroperoxides are destroyed by incubating the sample with haematin plus ascorbate. The increase in the chemiluminescence of the assay tube caused by the presence of lipid hydroperoxides is then compared to the value obtained for an internal standard.
In memoriam Dr Marlene Deluca
Authors: Kricka Larry J. , Leach Franklin R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe untimely death of Marlene DeLuca in 1987 has deprived the scientific community of an outstanding expert on bioluminescence. Earlier in that year she was honoured as thethirty‐ninth recipient of the Otto Mitchell Smith Lectureship Award at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.On 20 March 1987 Dr DeLuca presented a scientific lecture entitled ‘Firefly Luciferase‐Mechanism of Action, Cloning, and Expression of the Active Enzyme’ and a popular lecture at the banquet that evening entitled ‘Light and Life’. She was selected for her excellence in research, her oral presentation ability, and her personableness. Marlene was the first woman so honoured.To honour Dr Otto M. Smith the Alpha Delta Chapter of Phi Lambda Upsilon, a national chemistry honorary organization, inaugurated The Otto Mitchell Smith Lectureship in 1948 at Oklahoma State University. Former awardees include Nobel Laureates H. C. Brown, Stanford Moore, and Arthur Kornberg and the following prominent biochemists/molecular biologists: Robert A. Alberty, University of Wisconsin; Daniel E. Koshland, Brookhaven National Laboratory; Sol Spiegelman, University of Illinois; Carl Djerassi, Stanford University; and John T. Edsall, Harvard University. The lectureship honours Dr O. M. Smith, who was Director of the Research Foundation, professor, and Head of the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.As a tribute to Dr DeLuca's outstanding contibution to bioluminescence we reproduce here the edited text of her Otto Mitchell Smith Lectureship and a selected bibliography of her work on firefly bioluminescence.
Enhanced chemiluminescence in the peroxidase‐luminol‐H2O2 system: Anomalous reactivity of enhancer phenols with enzyme intermediates
Authors: Hodgson Martin , Jones Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPhenols which markedly enhance chemiluminescence in the horseradish peroxidase catalysed oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide show anomalously high reactivity (by factors of ∼102 compared with published Hammett correlations) in the reduction of the enzyme intermediates, Compound I and Compound II. The results support the hypothesis that efficient production of phenoxy radicals from phenols is a necessary criterion for chemiluminescence enhancer action.
Incorporation of enhanced chemiluminescent reactions into fully automated enzyme immunoassays
Authors: Thorpe G. H. , Kricka L. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEnhanced chemiluminescent quantitation of horseradish peroxidase labels has been incorporated into assays performed on the ES 600 automatic immunoassay analyser. The rapid end‐point produced excellent dose‐response curves and potential savings in total assay times of up to 40%.
Studies on chemiluminescence in the enzymatic and autoxidative transformation of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine into eumelanins
Authors: Villablanca Miguel , Indig Guilermi , Slawinska Danuta , Slawinski Janusz 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe catechol oxidase‐catalysed and autoxidative transformation of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to eumelanin have been studied by oxygen consumption, energy transfer, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Formation of transient dopachrome (λmax = 480 nm) and dopalutin (λex = 423 nm, λem = 491 nm) have been found in the enzymatic and autoxidative reaction. In the enzymatic reaction, neither a photon emission with quantum yield Φ > 10−13 nor energy transfer to triplet and singlet energy acceptors (sensitizers such as anthracene derivatives, xanthene dyes and chlorophyll‐a) in water and micellar solutions have been found. The autoxidative reaction is chemiluminescent (Φ = 10−9), the emission occurring in the 400‐600 nm range. The excitation energy is not transferred to sensitizers. The effect of various enzymes and traps of active oxygen species as well as the spectral distribution of chemiluminescence indicate that there is no emission from oxygen dimoles. Carbonates and active species of oxygen are shown to participate in the chemiexcitation reaction.
A comparison of chemiluminescence immunoassay and radioimmunoassay for the detection and quantification of methyltestosterone residues in meat samples
Authors: Van Peteghem C. H. , Van Look L. J. , De Guesquière A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for methyltestosterone is compared with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing the same antiserum, raised against methyltestosterone‐3‐CMO‐BSA and using N‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐N‐ethylisoluminol conjugate of MT and [1,2‐H3]methyltestosterone as tracers.Muscle tissue from slaughtered animals was selected as the matrix. After enzymatic digestion and diethylether extraction only a limited sample clean‐up on Lipidex‐5000 and on Bond Elut C18 was required. Both methods had similar limits of detection, sensitivities, limits of quantification and speed of analysis (working‐load and availability of results).