bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External electric field and UV-ozone treated Ti3C2T
x
-MXene nanosheets and their hole injection tailoring in UV organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Bai Wei , Wu Danni , Tang Yijin , Yi Zichuan , Chi Feng , Liu Liming , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Solution-processed 2D nanosheets of Ti3C2T
x
-MXene have been facilely synthesized with ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase exfoliation. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm that the Ti3C2T
x
-MXene nanosheets have been successfully synthesized, showing good film morphology and exceptional electronic properties. The comprehensive properties of Ti3C2T
x
-MXene nanosheets are systematically optimized by combination with appropriate sizes of Ti3C2T
x
-MXene nanosheets, external electric field and ultraviolet (UV)-ozone treatment. With Ti3C2T
x
-MXene nanosheets as hole injection layer and PBD as emissive molecule, UV organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been configurated and shown superior performance with maximum radiance of 1.47 mW cm−2, maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.084% and electroluminescent peak around 400 nm. The effects of external electric field and UV-ozone treatment on hole injection ability of Ti3C2T
x
-MXene nanosheets are investigated in details and further analyzed with impedance spectroscopy. Our experiments pave an alternative approach for advancing Ti3C2T
x
-MXene nanosheets and UV OLEDs.
Surface passivation properties of atomic-layer deposited hafnium oxide on a (100) β-Ga2O3 MOSFET
Authors: Oh Seung Yoon , Lee Gyuhyung , Ma Jiyeon , Yoo Geonwook 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report the effect of HfO2 passivation on the electrical characteristics of (100) β-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 layer with negative defect charges enhances the transconductance and subthreshold slope. A significant positive threshold voltage (V
TH) shift of ∼32 V is induced after the passivation. Moreover, significantly less V
TH shift of ∼2 V is observed under negative bias stress (NBS) for 3600 s in comparison with an Al2O3 passivated and unpassivated device. Physics-based technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation is performed to demonstrate the surface depletion effect and the dependency on the density of negative fixed charges in the HfO2 passivation layer. Finally, the HfO2 passivated device maintains superior electrical characteristics compared to the unpassivated device at a temperature of up to 500 K.
Design and simulation of a tunable comb-drive actuator with a wide frequency tuning range and low pull-in voltage
Authors: Taherian Sina , Gholinataj-Jelodar Ehsan , Yuan Ye 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The presented paper describes the design, simulation, and analysis of a novel tunable comb-drive actuator that aims to increase the range of tuning resonance frequency while reducing the pull-in voltage. The conventional comb resonator has a limited resonant frequency tuning range, and hence, modifying the spring stiffness of the structure is crucial to obtaining a tunable comb resonator. The proposed design includes eight flexible beams on each side that support a set of comb finger parts. The actuator achieves the goal of shifting the resonance frequency both downwards and upwards by utilizing Serpentine nested-folded beams. A triangular comb with non-uniform varied finger lengths combined with variable gap fingers is designed to adjust the frequency downwards, while a comb with constant finger lengths combined with variable gap fingers is designed to adjust the frequency upwards. To simulate and design the structure, the IntelliSuite software is utilized. The results show that the actuator has a primary resonant frequency of 3052 Hz, which can be lowered to 335 Hz by applying a tuning voltage of 74 V to the downward tuning part. Similarly, the resonant frequency can be increased to 3159 Hz by applying a tuning voltage of 60 V to the upward tuning part. The resonator achieves a maximum frequency tuning range of 90%, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. However, it is worth noting that the size of this resonator is relatively small, approximately 1077 × 328 μm2. This innovative design offers potential applications in various fields, including micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), micro-optics, and microsensors. Overall, the presented work demonstrates the feasibility of achieving a tunable comb resonator with a significantly improved resonant frequency tuning range and reduced pull-in voltage.
Exchange-spring behavior in Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4/PbFe12O19 nanocomposite
Authors: Khodayari Kobra , Gholizadeh Ahmad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The structural and magnetic properties of the (1-x)Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4/(x)PbFe12O19 nanocomposites were investigated, where x is the weight percentage of PbFe12O19 (hard phase) ranging from 0 to 100%. The magnetic measurement curves show a magnetic phase transition from soft to hard ferrimagnetic with an increasing weight percentage of the hard PbFe12O19 phase. For weight percentages of 30%, 45%, and 60% of PbFe12O19, the M
r/M
s ratio is more than 0.5 and they show a normal single-phase magnetic behaviour, indicating the formation of a strong exchange coupling in these samples. Compared to the single-phase Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 (soft phase), the saturation magnetization of the composites decreases significantly from 34.45 to 16.1 emu g−1 with increasing PbFe12O19 content, while the coercivity increases from 62 to 861 Oe. Although increasing the PbFe12O19 content reduces the saturation magnetization and increases the coercivity of the soft magnetic phase, this may provide a significant way to tune the magnetic properties with desired coercivity and saturation magnetization.
Detection of different drinkable milk using photonic crystal fibre biosensor in IR regime
Authors: Maidi Abdul Mu’iz , Kalam Md Abul , Begum Feroza 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A simplified PCF sensor has been designed to detect the different drinkable milk that includes camel, cow and buffalo milk, and can also assess its quality. The sensor features a singular circular core design and two layers octagonal cladding air holes that was analysed using the Finite Element Method technique in COMSOL Multiphysics software and determine the sensing and optical performance parameters: power fraction, relative sensitivity, confinement loss, effective area, numerical aperture, V-Parameter, spot size, and beam divergence. At the optimum wavelength of 6.0 μm, the relative sensitivities are 96.58%, 96.78%, and 96.84%, and confinement losses of 3.51 × 10−8 dB/m, 1.47 × 10−8 dB m−1, and 8.59 × 10−9 dB/m, for camel, cow, and buffalo milk, respectively. The efficacy of the proposed PCF structure for sensing applications in the dairy industry in distinguishing between different types of milk is evidenced by these findings. Moreover, the results of confinement loss and chromatic dispersion suggest potential applications of this design in optical communication.
Synthesis of multilayer graphene and its graphene derivatives from coal
Authors: Zhao Ke , Cao Jianzhao , Qi Ying , Wei Peng , Cheng Jian , Xie Yahong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In our study, we selected three prevalent coal types from Xinjiang: Dahuangshan coal (referred to as Y-coal), Black Mountain coal (B-coal), and Kuche coal (K-coal). Initially, we assessed their morphological differences using electron microscopy. Subsequently, we evaluated the superiority of Y-coal through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, we compared their performances using various electrochemical tests, including the J-V curve, dark current curve, open-circuit voltage curve, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) curve. Ultimately, we investigated the potential of synthesizing graphene from Y-coal and its derivatives. The first step was the preparation of multilayer graphene (MG) by treating Y-coal with acid to obtain demineralized coal, followed by treatment in a tube furnace to obtain ultrafine powdered MG. The second step was then followed by successive oxidation and ultrasonication of the already obtained MG to obtain graphene oxide (GO). Finally, ascorbic acid (VC) was selected to treat GO to prepare an aqueous suspension of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). MG (2θ = 26.2°), GO (2θ = 12.4°) and rGO (2θ = 25.5°) were obtained by XRD analysis. C 1s and O 1S were analyzed by XPS spectra. The functional groups −OH, C=O, and −C=C–, which are unique to graphene and its derivatives, were comparatively analyzed using infrared spectroscopy. The change of π→π* was analyzed by the UV–vis method. The absorbance was further found in combination with PL spectra. Immediately after, the morphology of graphite and its derivatives was analyzed by SEM, HRTEM, the physical properties by contact angle and BET, and finally the content of elements C and O by EDS. The successful demonstration of the superiority of the synthesized MG and its derivatives was achieved.
Shortwave infrared and visible light image fusion method based on dual discriminator GAN
Authors: Huang Pengxing , Liu Xiaojie , Zhao Shiqi , Ma Ruyue , Dong Hao , Wang Chenguang , Cao Huiliang , Shen Chong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In a tactical warfare setting, the efficacy of target detection becomes profoundly compromised due to prevalent environmental factors such as smoke, dust, and atmospheric interference. Such impediments invariably undermine the precision and reliability of identifying pivotal targets, thereby precipitating potentially dire ramifications. Remarkably, short-wave infrared technology has exhibited unparalleled proficiency in elucidating target attributes even amidst challenging conditions characterized by smoke, fog, or haze. Against this backdrop, the present study delineates a pioneering algorithmic framework that seamlessly amalgamates the imperatives of image registration and fusion. This is achieved through the deployment of an advanced dual-discriminator Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), specifically tailored for amalgamating short-wave infrared and visible light imagery within smoke-obscured contexts. Our methodology commences with the introduction of an augmented Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm, meticulously designed to rectify inherent misalignments within the input imagery. Subsequent enhancements encompass the refinement of the generator’s loss function and the integration of a multi-scale convolutional kernel, thereby facilitating the extraction and amalgamation of a more expansive array of salient features. This concerted effort culminates in the elevation of image fusion quality. To corroborate the efficacy and robustness of our proposed framework, rigorous validation procedures were conducted utilizing a meticulously curated dataset comprising short-wave infrared and visible light images. Empirical evaluations, encompassing both subjective and objective comparative analyses, unequivocally affirm the superior performance metrics of our fusion network. Specifically, our methodology surpasses alternative fusion techniques across multiple dimensions, including visual fidelity, perceptual quality, and structural congruence of synthesized images.
Dynamical system method of viscous fluid in f(T) gravity theory
Authors: Samaddar Amit , Sanasam Surendra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, using the recently introduced f(T) gravity framework, we have analyzed the viscous fluid cosmological model in FLRW cosmological model by assuming a specific form of the bulk viscosity coefficient as,

ζ
=

ζ

0

+

ζ

1

H
+

ζ

2

H

̇

H

+
H

and a non-linear f(T) model particularly,

f
(
T
)
=
T
−
α

−
T

where α is the model parameter. The bulk viscosity coefficients are estimated by using Hubble 31 data set. Using the phase space technique, we examine the asymptotic behaviour of our cosmological bulk viscous model. We found one stable critical point. Phase space analysis and the geometrical interpretations are given. We discover that according to our model, the Universe evolved from a matter-dominated decelerated phase (a past attractor) to a stable de-Sitter accelerated epoch (a future attractor). The evolution of EoS parameter shows the acceleration phase of the cosmic expansion whereas the negative behavior of viscosity-induced pressure indicates the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Additionally, the cosmic matter-energy density exhibits positive behavior. We look into how statefinder parameters behave for our model . We discover that the trajectory of our model starts at the quintessence and ends at the ΛCDM region. We use the Om diagnostic test, which reveals that our model displays quintessence behaviour. The energy condition criteria are analyzed, and we discover that SEC has been violated, whereas WEC, NEC and DEC satisfy the positivity criteria. Our f(T) cosmological model, with the influence of bulk viscosity successfully describes the expansion history of the Universe and provides a good fit to recent observational data.
Study on the removal of methylene blue by submerged Arc generated by titanium and iron electrodes
Authors: Mo Yongpeng , Yu Xi , Chen Honghao , Zhang Jiajian , Jia Rongzhao , Jia Shenli , Shi Zongqian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) solution was treated by the submerged arcs generated by the titanium (Ti) and iron (Fe) electrodes, with a subsequent aging process. The removal ratio of each condition was recorded by the absorbance of the treated solution. The experimental results indicated that the submerged arc with Fe electrodes is more efficient with an efficiency nearly 90% after 3.5 min of treatment. Reversible decolorization was observed in the MB solution treated by the Fe submerged arc. However, the removal ratio in the MB solution treated by the Ti submerged arc continuously increased during both the treating and aging process. Furthermore, the particles eroded from the Ti electrodes were characterized by SEM and XRD, and the titanic oxides including TiO, TiO2 and Ti3O5 were found with different diameters ranging from 1 μm to 20 μm. Moreover, complete decomposition occurred during the treatment by the submerged arc generated by the Ti electrodes. The eroded particles from the Fe electrodes were examined by XRD, and the majority of the composition was iron. Unlike the Ti electrodes, the decolorization process by the submerged arc of Fe electrodes was more likely related to the formation of colorless leuco-MB and the physical adsorption by iron hydroxides. Additionally, the pH and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated solutions were also discussed.
Identifying temporal correlations between natural single-shot videos and EEG signals
Authors: Yao Yuanyuan , Stebner Axel , Tuytelaars Tinne , Geirnaert Simon , Bertrand Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used technology for recording brain activity in brain-computer interface (BCI) research, where understanding the encoding-decoding relationship between stimuli and neural responses is a fundamental challenge. Recently, there is a growing interest in encoding-decoding natural stimuli in a single-trial setting, as opposed to traditional BCI literature where multi-trial presentations of synthetic stimuli are commonplace. While EEG responses to natural speech have been extensively studied, such stimulus-following EEG responses to natural video footage remain underexplored. Approach. We collect a new EEG dataset with subjects passively viewing a film clip and extract a few video features that have been found to be temporally correlated with EEG signals. However, our analysis reveals that these correlations are mainly driven by shot cuts in the video. To avoid the confounds related to shot cuts, we construct another EEG dataset with natural single-shot videos as stimuli and propose a new set of object-based features. Main results. We demonstrate that previous video features lack robustness in capturing the coupling with EEG signals in the absence of shot cuts, and that the proposed object-based features exhibit significantly higher correlations. Furthermore, we show that the correlations obtained with these proposed features are not dominantly driven by eye movements. Additionally, we quantitatively verify the superiority of the proposed features in a match-mismatch task. Finally, we evaluate to what extent these proposed features explain the variance in coherent stimulus responses across subjects. Significance. This work provides valuable insights into feature design for video-EEG analysis and paves the way for applications such as visual attention decoding.
Nonlinear spatio-temporal filter to reduce crosstalk in bipolar electromyogram
Authors: Mesin Luca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. The wide detection volume of surface electromyogram (EMG) makes it prone to crosstalk, i.e. the signal from other muscles than the target one. Removing this perturbation from bipolar recordings is an important open problem for many applications. Approach. An innovative nonlinear spatio-temporal filter is developed to estimate the EMG generated by the target muscle by processing noisy signals from two bipolar channels, placed over the target and the crosstalk muscle, respectively. The filter is trained on some calibration data and then can be applied on new signals. Tests are provided in simulations (considering different thicknesses of the subcutaneous tissue, inter-electrode distances, locations of the EMG channels, force levels) and experiments (from pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis of 8 healthy subjects). Main results. The proposed filter allows to reduce the effect of crosstalk in all investigated conditions, with a statistically significant reduction of its root mean squared of about 20%, both in simulated and experimental data. Its performances are also superior to those of a blind source separation method applied to the same data. Significance. The proposed filter is simple to be applied and feasible in applications in which single bipolar channels are placed over the muscles of interest. It can be useful in many fields, such as in gait analysis, tests of myoelectric fatigue, rehabilitation with EMG biofeedback, clinical studies, prosthesis control.
Design and analysis of a PAM launcher at 4.6 GHz for a new LHCD system on EAST
Authors: Li M.H. , Liu L. , Yang Y. , Zhao L.M. , Ma W.D. , Zhou T.A. , Wang M. , Ma W.Q. , Wu C.B. , Ding B.J. , Jia H. , Wu Z.G. , Zhou W.Y. , Li X.L. , Yin L. , Hillairet J. , Savoye-Peysson Y. , Goniche M. , Ekedahl A. , Gong X.Z. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To improve the Current Drive (CD) capability in long-pulse (up to ∼1000 s) H-mode operation, it has been decided to develop a new Lower Hybrid Current Drive system at 4.6 GHz with an active cooling Passive Active Multijunction (PAM) launcher on EAST. In this paper, both the radio frequency (RF) and the physical properties of this PAM are studied numerically. The same nominal parallel refractive index (N
|| = k
||c/ω, where k
|| is the parallel wavenumber, c the velocity of light, and ω the wave angular frequency) of 2.04 as the existing 4.6 GHz Full Active Multijunction (FAM) is chosen. Ray-tracing calculations indicate that good accessibility could be achieved when the LH waves radiate with this nominal N
|| in typical long-pulse H-mode plasmas. The coupling performance in terms of power reflection coefficient (R
C), power spectrum, maximum electric field, power directivity (D
P) and global CD capability is evaluated with the ALOHA code based on the linear coupling theory. Good coupling performance with averaged R
C ⩽ 1% and D
P ∼ 70% could be expected with the density (n
e) in front of the PAM close to the cut-off value (n
e_co). The simulated R
C remains below 6.5% over a wide density range 0.5 ⩽ n
e/n
e_co ⩽ 10, which is similar to the plasma edge conditions produced by Edge Localized Mode activity. A detailed comparison with the existing 4.6 GHz FAM launcher is also performed.
Optimizing Pb beam losses at the LHCb for maximum luminosity
Authors: Frasca A , Bruce R , Cerutti F , Ciccotelli A , Patecki M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In addition to the physics program with proton beams, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN also provides collisions of fully-stripped Pb beams for about one month per year. When colliding Pb nuclei, electromagnetic interactions are the dominating processes because of the intense Coulomb field produced by the ions. These ’ultra-peripheral’ interactions give rise to ions with a changed magnetic rigidity. This causes losses in the machine that can impose limits on the luminosity. Among them, the bound-free pair production (BFPP) causes a localised power deposition downstream of each collision point, which could induce superconducting magnet quenches if not well controlled. These losses were studied and successfully mitigated for most LHC experiments, however the recent request by LHCb to increase the Pb-Pb luminosity requires a revision of BFPP collisional loss limitations. In this paper, the simulation of BFPP losses from Pb-Pb collisions around LHCb is presented. The loss patterns are discussed for different beam parameters. Finally, a mitigation strategy by means of an orbit bump is studied.
Simulations and measurements of collisional losses with Pb beams at the LHC
Authors: Frasca A , Abramov A , Bruce R , Cai R , Cerutti F , Esposito L , Lindström B , Van der Veken F , Ziliotto F , Patecki M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For about one month per operational year, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN works as a heavy-ion collider. Four one-month Pb-Pb runs have been executed so far as well as two p-Pb runs. The LHC heavy-ion programme is scheduled to continue in the future, featuring increased luminosity and beam energy. Beam losses caused by ions fragmenting in the collision process risk introducing performance limitations. Losses occur immediately downstream of the collision points as well as at other locations in the ring, through multi-turn beam dynamics processes and interactions with ring collimators. This paper presents first simulations of collisional loss patterns for nuclear beams using a new simulation approach that relies on the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling simulation tool, including nuclear fragmentation and electron capture in the collisions. Simulations of the 2018 Pb-Pb and 2016 p-Pb runs are compared against experimental data and the prediction of collisional losses for future Pb-Pb and p-Pb runs is shown.
Bunch lifetime analysis based on the injection interval at SuperKEKB
Authors: Kaji Hiroshi , Funakoshi Yoshihiro , Uehara Sadaharu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the bunch lifetime dependence on the bunch position at the SuperKEKB main ring. The bunch lifetime ratio is evaluated from the injection interval. The lifetime imbalance is observed between the forward and backward of the bunch train at the positron ring. It becomes larger when the beam current becomes larger. The luminosity dependence on the RF-bucket spacing can be explained with the lifetime dependency which we determined in this analysis. The result indicates the existence of the unknown phenomenon which varies the Touschek lifetime with the RF-bucket spacing in the electron ring.