bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between immune‐related adverse events and prognosis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma: A surrogacy analysis
Authors: Euvrard Romain , Robert Marie , Mainbourg Sabine , Dalle Stéphane , Lega Jean‐Christophe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent a breakthrough in oncology in terms of prognosis and safety. They now constitute a cornerstone in the management of metastatic melanoma. However, a new kind of adverse event called immune‐related adverse events (irAE) has emerged. These irAE could be conceptually considered as an indicator of the antitumoral immune response, but the association between irAE and prognosis is still a matter of debate.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the overall survival (OS) and the prevalence of irAE in melanoma.MethodsMEDLINE/PubMed, WebofScience, ClinicalTrials, and WHOTrials databases were searched to identify phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing ICI in melanoma and published up to April 2021. A weighted regression was performed to estimate this association according to standard method of surrogacy analysis.ResultsA total of 14 RCT including 7646 patients (median age: 59.3 years) with melanoma were included. All types of ICI were represented (ipilimumab, tremelimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, as well as ipilimumab and nivolumab combination). irAE were frequent but rarely fatal. The combination of ICI caused more irAE than anti‐PD1 (or PDL1) and anti‐CTLA4 monotherapies. No relationship was found between the occurrence of irAE and OS (beta coefficient 0.078, R2 3%, p = 0.52), nor between cutaneous irAE and OS (beta coefficient 0.080, R2 6%, p = 0.33).ConclusionAlthough limited by the heterogeneity of ICI included in the regression and the low number of included RCT, the present study suggests an absence of association between irAE and prognosis in melanoma.
Subarctic winter warming promotes soil microbial resilience to freeze–thaw cycles and enhances the microbial carbon use efficiency
Authors: Lí Jin‐Tao , Hicks Lettice C. , Brangarí Albert C. , Tájmel Dániel , Cruz‐Paredes Carla , Rousk Johannes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate change is predicted to cause milder winters and thus exacerbate soil freeze–thaw perturbations in the subarctic, recasting the environmental challenges that soil microorganisms need to endure. Historical exposure to environmental stressors can facilitate the microbial resilience to new cycles of that same stress. However, whether and how such microbial memory or stress legacy can modulate microbial responses to cycles of frost remains untested. Here, we conducted an in situ field experiment in a subarctic birch forest, where winter warming resulted in a substantial increase in the number and intensity of freeze–thaw events. After one season of winter warming, which raised mean surface and soil (−8 cm) temperatures by 2.9 and 1.4°C, respectively, we investigated whether the in situ warming‐induced increase in frost cycles improved soil microbial resilience to an experimental freeze–thaw perturbation. We found that the resilience of microbial growth was enhanced in the winter warmed soil, which was associated with community differences across treatments. We also found that winter warming enhanced the resilience of bacteria more than fungi. In contrast, the respiration response to freeze–thaw was not affected by a legacy of winter warming. This translated into an enhanced microbial carbon‐use efficiency in the winter warming treatments, which could promote the stabilization of soil carbon during such perturbations. Together, these findings highlight the importance of climate history in shaping current and future dynamics of soil microbial functioning to perturbations associated with climate change, with important implications for understanding the potential consequences on microbial‐mediated biogeochemical cycles.
Access, health, re‐conhecimento: Co‐crafted Brazilian discourses on sustainable food
Authors: Afonso Rita , Sarayed‐Din Luiza , Kleine Dorothea , Carvalho Cristine , Bartholo Roberto , Hughes Alex 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcademic discourse on food justice and sustainable food consumption needs to be informed by empirical contributions and heterogenous conceptualisations from diverse parts of the world. This paper broadens the dialogue with a variety of voices and knowledges, rooting itself not only in the specific political and social context, but also the discursive and epistemic traditions of Brazil, which stand in dialogue with international discourses. Firstly, an analysis is offered of the multi‐stakeholder process that since the mid‐1990s shaped the discourse, theorisation and policy making on food justice and sustainable food consumption in Brazil. Emerging from this process were globally leading Brazilian policy initiatives such as Zero Hunger, the School Feeding Program, the progressive Food Guide, and co‐crafted concepts such as comida de verdade. The institutional architecture for this discourse, the National Food Council and regular conferences, were dismantled in 2019 after a change in government. Secondly, the paper presents data from 30 interviews with key stakeholders from civil society, policy, business, media and celebrity influencers, conducted at the time of the dissolution. Three key subdiscourses on sustainable food consumption emerge: access, with an emphasis on right to food; health; and re‐conhecimento, a term we use to articulate the confluence of multiple knowledges and consciousnesses, including an insistence on the cultural role of food. Throughout the interviews, co‐crafted concepts and phrases emerging from the multistakeholder process reverberated. The paper argues that the multi‐stakeholder process resulted not just in a coherent shared discourse, concepts and policy during a period of conducive policy environment, but also in collective resilience. The invisible edifice of shared ideas and commitments around this public issue is still intact and may be reactivated in future. In times of increased political polarisation, not just in Brazil, this is an important argument for investing in such long‐term multi‐stakeholder dialogue processes.
FGFR1/2/3‐rearranged carcinoma of the head and neck: expanded histological spectrum crossing path with high‐risk HPV in the sinonasal tract
Authors: Chu Ying‐Hsia , Mullaney Kerry , DiNapoli Sara E , Cohen Marc A , Xu Bin , Ghossein Ronald , Katabi Nora , Dogan Snjezana 
Published: November 2023

AimsOncogenic FGFR1/2/3 rearrangements are found in various cancers. Reported cases in head and neck (HN) are mainly squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) with FGFR3::TACC3 fusions, a subset of which also harbour high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV). However, the knowledge of the clinicopathological spectrum of FGFR‐rearranged head and neck carcinomas (FHNC) is limited.Methods and resultsA retrospective MSK‐fusion clinical sequencing cohort 2016–23 was searched to identify malignant tumours in the HN region harbouring FGFR1/2/3 fusion. FHNC were characterised by histological examination, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis. Electronic medical records were reviewed. Three FHNC were identified. Two cases (cases 1 and 2) involved sinonasal tract and were high‐grade carcinomas with squamous, basaloid, glandular and/or ductal–myoepithelial features. Case 1 arose in a 79‐year‐old man and harboured FGFR2::KIF1A fusion. Case 2 arose in a 58‐year‐old man, appeared as HPV‐related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC), and was positive for FGFR2::TACC2 fusion and concurrent high‐risk HPV, non‐type 16/18. Case 3 was FGFR3::TACC3 fusion‐positive keratinising SCCs arising in the parotid of a 60‐year‐old man. All three cases presented at stage T4. Clinical follow‐up was available in two cases; case 1 remained disease‐free for 41 months post‐treatment and case 3 died of disease 2 months after the diagnosis.ConclusionsFHNC include a morphological spectrum of carcinomas with squamous features and may occur in different HN locations, such as parotid gland and the sinonasal tract. Sinonasal cases can harbour FGFR2 rearrangement with or without associated high‐risk HPV. Timely recognition of FHNC could help select patients potentially amenable to targeted therapy with FGFR inhibitors. Further studies are needed (1) to determine if FGFR2 rearranged/HPV‐positive sinonasal carcinomas are biologically distinct from HMSC, and (2) to elucidate the biological and clinical significance of FGFR2 rearrangement in the context of high‐risk HPV.
Effects of a hospital discharge clinic among people with HIV: Lack of early follow‐up is associated with 30‐day hospital readmission and decreased retention in care
Authors: Hill Lucas , Thompson Courtney , Balcombe Shannon , Jain Sonia , He Feng , Karris‐Young Maile , Martin Thomas C. S. , Karim Afsana , Bamford Laura , Deiss Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe transition between inpatient and outpatient care for hospitalized people with HIV represents an opportunity for linkage and re‐engagement in care. We evaluated whether attendance at a post‐hospitalization visit (‘discharge clinic’) within 1–2 weeks of discharge would reduce readmissions and improve retention in care (RIC) among people with HIV in San Diego, California, USA.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of people with HIV hospitalized between June 2020 and November 2021. Our primary outcome was 30‐day readmissions among people with HIV who did or did not attend a discharge clinic visit. Secondary outcomes included the effect of discharge clinic attendance on RIC, along with the impact of attendance at any HIV clinic visit within 30 days of discharge on readmissions and RIC.ResultsWe evaluated 114 people with HIV, of whom 77 (67.5%) and 90 (78.9%) attended a discharge clinic visit or any HIV clinic visit within 30 days of discharge, respectively. Active substance use disorder (SUD) was associated with failing to attend a discharge clinic visit (odds ratio 0.31; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.77). We observed no significant differences in readmissions between people with HIV who did or did not attend a discharge clinic visit; however, the former had significantly higher 6‐month RIC (79.2% vs. 35.1%, p < 0.001). People with HIV attending any HIV clinic visit within 30 days of discharge had significantly fewer 30‐day readmissions (8.9% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.02) and better 6‐month RIC (75.6% vs. 25%, p < 0.001) than those who did not attend.ConclusionEarly hospital follow‐up care was associated with a reduction in readmissions among people with HIV. Active SUD was a significant barrier to linkage to outpatient follow‐up and RIC.
HIV disease metrics and COVID‐19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe
Authors: Oprea Cristiana , Quirke Siobhan , Ianache Irina , Bursa Dominik , Antoniak Sergii , Bogdanic Nikolina , Vassilenko Anne I. , Aimla Kersti , Matulionyte Raimonda , Rukhadze Nino , Harxhi Arjan , Fleischhans Lukáš , Lakatos Botond , Sedlacek Dalibor , Dragovic Gordana , Verhaz Antonija , Yancheva Nina , Acet Oguzhan , Protopapas Konstantinos , Kowalska Justyna Dominika ,   for the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID‐19 severity in this cohort.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID‐19 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID‐19 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1.ResultsThe majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID‐19 diagnosis was 605 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 409–824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that an undetectable HIV VL was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (p < 0.0001), ICU admission or death (p < 0.0001), and with a higher chance of full recovery (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWe can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19 illness and can be used as a prognostic indicator in this cohort.
Similar temporal patterns in insect richness, abundance and biomass across major habitat types
Authors: Gebert Friederike , Bollmann Kurt , Schuwirth Nele , Duelli Peter , Weber Dominique , Obrist Martin K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While many studies on insect diversity report declines, others show stable, fluctuating or increasing trends. For a thorough understanding of insect trends and their effects on ecosystem functioning, it is important to simultaneously assess insect richness, abundance and biomass, and to report trends for multiple taxa.
We analysed insect richness, abundance and biomass data for all insects and for eight insect taxa (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Carabidae, other Coleoptera, Aculeata, other Hymenoptera, Heteroptera and Lepidoptera) from 42 sites across Switzerland from 2000 to 2007, representing three major habitat types in Switzerland (agricultural, unmanaged [open and forested] and managed forest habitats). As potential drivers of temporal patterns, we evaluated weather‐ and land‐use‐related factors. As predictors, we included temperature and precipitation as well as the vegetation index and the habitat type, respectively.
We found a consistent pattern of stable or increasing trends for richness, abundance and biomass of insects in total and the eight taxa over 8 years. Both overall patterns and six out of eight taxa (except for Cerambycidae and Lepidotpera) showed the highest values in agricultural habitats. However, when accounting for elevation, there was no difference in open habitats regardless of whether they were used agriculturally.
Habitat types were the most important predictors, followed by weather‐ and vegetation‐related factors. Modelled responses to mean temperature were unimodal, whereas the standard deviation of temperature showed positive and precipitation negative effects. Longer time series are needed to draw robust inferences and to investigate potential negative effects of future warming.
HOUSING MARKET DISCOUNT RATES: EVIDENCE FROM BARGAINING AND BIDDING WARS
Authors: Koster Hans R.A. , Rouwendal Jan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhen selling a home, through the choice of the list price, sellers make a trade‐off between achieving a quick sale at a low price or waiting for higher bids. This list‐price setting decision is governed by a discount rate. Using data on housing sales in the Netherlands, we derive gross discount rates under bilateral bargaining and bidding wars. The estimated discount rates are 25%–35%, which are considerably higher than long‐run housing market discount rates and may result from the seller's unfamiliarity with the selling process. The rates are higher for sellers that already moved and have a low education.
Granular titanium dioxide and silicon‐doped titanium dioxide as reusable photocatalysts for dye removal
Authors: Atalı Şahin Giray , Akbal Feryal , Gürbüz Mevlüt , Turan Bilgehan Cem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes was investigated using granular pure titanium dioxide and silicon‐doped granular titanium dioxide as photocatalysts. Both catalysts were used repeatedly throughout the photocatalytic oxidation experiments. The effect of initial dye and catalyst concentration on photocatalytic oxidation was investigated. The photocatalytic oxidation followed first‐order kinetics for both catalysts. The efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation increased with the increasing catalyst concentration and decreased with the increasing dye concentration. In a 60‐min reaction using granular titanium dioxide, removal efficiencies of MB and MG at 20 g/100 mL catalyst loading and 10 mg/L initial concentration were 83% and 93.3%, respectively. In a 60‐min reaction using granular silicon‐doped titanium dioxide, the removal efficiencies of MB and MG at 5 g/100 mL catalyst loading and 10 mg/L initial concentration were 90.2% and 91.6%, respectively.
Orally disintegrating films based on sodium alginate as a carrier vehicle for vitamin C
Authors: Palezi Simone Canabarro , Fernandes Sibele Santos , Barbosa Sergiane Caldas , Primel Ednei Gilberto , Martins Vilásia Guimarães 
Published: November 2023

SummaryOrally disintegrating films (ODFs) have been studied for their innovative way of delivering active compounds into the oral cavity. The study aimed to develop and evaluate ODFs using sodium alginate and different concentrations of vitamin C. Four formulations were evaluated for barrier, mechanical, thermal, microstructural properties, surface pH, disintegration time and concentration of vitamins. The ODFs produced showed high solubility, pH close to oral and disintegration time ranging from 24.66 s for the control formulation to 56.28 s for the 1% ascorbic acid formulation. The release of vitamin C occurred after 1 min of reaction for all formulations with the lowest concentration (0.25%) releasing a volume of 80.46 mg g−1. Thermal analyses demonstrated the presence of sodium alginate and vitamin C, and an interaction between them, confirmed by FTIR spectra. This interaction was interesting for ODFs since it can affect the properties and release of the active compound from the polymeric matrix. The results positively demonstrated that sodium alginate can be a promising polymer in the production of ODFs and for use in the delivery of vitamin C.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor A3 gene deletion in five Chinese populations and protective association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tian Wei , Li Li Xin , Cheng Wen , Jin He Kun , Zhang Sha Shuang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmong the thirteen leukocyte Ig‐like receptor (LILR) loci located at 19q13.4, LILRA3 is unique in that it encodes a soluble protein lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, and a 6.7 kb deletion spanning the first seven exons has been detected in some human individuals. Presently, there is a lack of data about the distribution of LILRA3 gene deletion in more diverse ethnic groups. Also, no previous studies have investigated the correlation between copy number variation (CNV) of LILRA3 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, five populations from China mainland: two Southern Han populations, Hunan (N = 1478) and Guandong (N = 107); one Southeastern Han population, Fujian (N = 439); and two Northern populations, Inner Mongolia Han (N = 104) and Mongol population from Inner Mongolia (N = 158) were investigated for CNV of LILRA3 using polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific priming (PCR‐SSP) method. LILRA3 variants were also examined in a cohort of NPC cases (N = 1142) in Hunan Han population. The five Chinese populations demonstrated northward increase in frequency of the deleted form of LILRA3 gene (LILRA3*Del) (all corrected p values < 0.05). Inter‐population comparison also uncovered significant differentiation in the distribution of CNV of LILRA3 among modern human populations. LILRA3*Del was found to confer significantly reduced risk to NPC in Hunan Han population (at allelic level: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71–0.89, p < 0.0001; at genotype level: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.51–0.79, p < 0.0001). No interaction was found between LILRA3 variants and HLA‐A*02:07, HLA‐A*11:01, HLA‐B*13 and HLA‐B*46:01 alleles in susceptibility to NPC. Our study constitutes the first demonstration of LILRA3 gene as a locus linked to NPC susceptibility in a southern Chinese population. Future independent studies in other populations are warranted to confirm the findings reported in this study.
Partir ou passer à temps partiel: inégalité des effets des restructurations selon le genre
Authors: LAMBERT Anne , REMILLON Delphine , SEGÚ Mariona 
Published: November 2023

RésuméAlors que la littérature sur les inégalités de genre en lien avec les restructurations d'entreprises porte sur le caractère discriminatoire des processus descendants, les autrices examinent si ces inégalités existent lorsque le plan de restructuration repose sur l'autosélection. À partir de l'exemple d'une compagnie aérienne et de l'utilisation de méthodes mixtes, elles constatent que les hommes sont plus susceptibles d'accepter un départ volontaire et moins susceptibles d'opter pour un temps partiel aidé. Ils sont plus sensibles aux incitations financières et mieux préparés à se reconvertir dans une activité secondaire, tandis que les femmes choisissent le temps partiel pour mieux concilier vie privée et vie professionnelle. Les restructurations semblent donc amplifier la précarité des femmes sur le marché du travail, même dans le cadre de plans de départs volontaires.
Protección sindical del empleo en tiempos de crisis económica. La pandemia de COVID‐19 como experimento natural
Authors: KIM Woo‐Yung 
Published: November 2023

ResumenEn este artículo se investiga si los sindicatos ajustaron los salarios y las horas de trabajo para proteger a sus afiliados durante la crisis económica provocada por la pandemia de COVID‐19 como perturbación exógena. Al analizar datos de panel de 2018–2020 en la República de Corea, se observa que la probabilidad de mantener el puesto de trabajo fue 1,9 veces mayor para los afiliados que para los no afiliados. Las horas de trabajo se redujeron más en el segmento sindicalizado, pero no se aprecian diferencias significativas en cuanto al crecimiento salarial. Se concluye que los sindicatos protegieron el empleo durante este periodo reduciendo las horas de trabajo, no los salarios.
Transparencia y conducta de evitación. Efectos de la información ambiental sobre la oferta de trabajo en China
Authors: SHEN Yu , SUN Wenkai 
Published: November 2023

ResumenEl impacto negativo de la contaminación atmosférica en la oferta de trabajo está bien documentado, pero apenas se ha estudiado si la transparencia informativa sobre la calidad del aire influye o no en ese resultado. Los autores investigan el programa chino de información ambiental como perturbación exógena. El método de diferencias en diferencias, aplicado a datos de encuestas sobre trabajadores migrantes, muestra que las horas de trabajo en espacios exteriores disminuyeron tras la implantación del programa, que la información pública puede provocar cambios conductuales en los trabajadores, y que medir el costo de la contaminación sin abordar el problema de la asimetría informativa puede introducir sesgos.