bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CdtA-CdtC Complex Can Block Killing of HeLa Cells by
Haemophilus ducreyi
Cytolethal Distending Toxin
Authors: Deng Kaiping , Hansen Eric J. 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACT

The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of
Haemophilus ducreyi
is comprised of the CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC proteins, with the CdtB protein having demonstrated enzymatic (i.e., DNase) activity. Using a single recombinant
Escherichia coli
strain with two plasmids individually containing the
H. ducreyi cdtA
and
cdtC
genes, we purified a noncovalent CdtA-CdtC complex. Incubation of this CdtA-CdtC complex with HeLa cells blocked killing of these cells by CDT holotoxin. Furthermore, the addition of purified recombinant CdtB to HeLa cells preincubated with the CdtA-CdtC complex resulted in the killing of these human epithelial cells.
Differences in Host Susceptibility to Disease Progression in the Human Challenge Model ofHaemophilus ducreyiInfection
Authors: Spinola Stanley M. , Bong Cliffton T. H. , Faber Andrew L. , Fortney Kate R. , Bennett Stacy L. , Townsend Carisa A. , Zwickl Beth E. , Billings Steven D. , Humphreys Tricia L. , Bauer Margaret E. , Katz Barry P. 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTWith human volunteers inoculated at two sites withHaemophilus ducreyi, outcomes for a subject were not independent. In a reinfection trial, 2 of 11 previous pustule formers and 6 of 10 previous resolvers resolved all sites of infection. There was no correlation between serum bactericidal or phagocytic activity and outcome in the trial. These data indicate that different hosts are differentially susceptible to disease progression versus resolution in the model.
A Parametric Approach to the Phonetics of Postvocalic /r/ in Dutch
Authors: Plug Leendert , Ogden Richard 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the phonetic exponents of rhoticity in postvocalic position in the speech of 4 young adult speakers of Standard Dutch. In addition to describing aspects of the segmental realisation of /r/, the paper focusses on parametric differences between rhymes with and without postvocalic /r/ in the material under consideration, presenting both impressionistic observations and instrumental measurements. Results of the investigation suggest that parametric analysis is a crucial complement to segmental classification, in providing insights into the relation between segmental realisations and ‘contextual effects’ of /r/, the phonetics of /r/ deletion and similarities and differences between rhotics cross-linguistically.
The Effect of Local Speaking Rate on the Perception of Quantity in Estonian
Authors: Traunmüller Hartmut , Krull Diana 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Estonian language with its elaborate system of contrasts in quantity, whose essentials are described in the paper, is used to investigate human perception of distinctive contrasts in the duration of vowels, consonants and larger units. In the experiments reported, the speaking rate of a preceding or following syllable was manipulated in addition to that of a target V, C or VC sequence that carried a quantity distinction in disyllabic words. The results confirmed that the second syllable in such words, in particular the duration of its vowel, serves as a reference, but they showed segments of additional syllables to contribute in the same direction. The results provided no support for ascribing quantity to any larger units than phonetic segments. Speech rate effects of similar magnitude have been observed in Japanese, while effects of the same kind were found to be smaller in Dutch. These differences may be linked with the functions durational contrasts have in the different languages. It appears that listeners have to adapt more fully to variations in the local speaking rate when there are no additional cues and the functional load of quantity distinctions is high.
Resin-retained Bridges Re-visited Part 2. Clinical Considerations
Authors: George Geoffrey St , Hemmings Ken , Patel Kalpesh 
Published: October 2003

Resin-retained bridges have been used clinically since the 1970s, and offer a more conservative approach to the restoration of edentulous spaces than conventional bridgework. They are easy to place, cheap to fabricate and have been shown to be cost-effective. Despite this, they are not frequently used in general dental practice and they have an undeserved reputation for failure. Since their initial introduction, they have undergone a number of changes to their method of retention, and the materials used in their construction. This has resulted in a predictable, aesthetic restoration which, barring the use of implants, is often the treatment of choice where teeth adjacent to an edentulous space are minimally or not restored. This article hopes to show the clinical techniques required to produce predictable resin-retained bridgework in general practice.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Postpartum Depression in Women With Prenatal Depression
Authors: Zhou Yingyong , Bai Zhihong , Zhang Wenchao , Xu Shouyu , Feng Yunfei , Li Qiuwen , Li Lishan , Ping Anqi , Chen Liang , Wang Saiying , Duan Kaiming 
Published: January 2024

ImportancePostpartum depression (PPD) is emerging as a major public health problem worldwide. Although the particular period and context in which PPD occurs provides an opportunity for preventive interventions, there is still a lack of pharmacologic prevention strategies for PPD.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine for prevention of PPD among women with prenatal depression undergoing cesarean delivery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial enrolled 338 women who screened positive for prenatal depression at 2 hospitals in Hunan, China from March 28, 2022, to April 16, 2023. Women with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of more than 9 who were 18 years of age or older and were scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were eligible.InterventionsEligible participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the dexmedetomidine group or the control group via centrally computer-generated group randomization. Dexmedetomidine, 0.5 μg/kg and 0.9% saline were intravenously infused for 10 minutes after delivery in the dexmedetomidine and control groups, respectively. After infusion, sufentanil or dexmedetomidine plus sufentanil was administered via patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for 48 hours in the control group and dexmedetomidine group, respectively.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was positive PPD screening results at 7 and 42 days post partum, defined as a postpartum Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of more than 9. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis.ResultsAll 338 participants were female, with a mean (SD) age of 31.5 (4.1) years. Positive PPD screening incidence at 7 and 42 days post partum in the dexmedetomidine group vs the control group was significantly decreased (day 7, 21 of 167 [12.6%] vs 53 of 165 [32.1%]; risk ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.25-0.62]; P &amp;lt; .001; day 42, 19 of 167 [11.4%] vs 50 of 165 [30.3%]; risk ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.23-0.61]; P &amp;lt; .001). The dexmedetomidine group showed no significant difference in adverse events vs the control group (46 of 169 [27.2%] vs 33 of 169 [19.5%]; P = .10), but the incidence of hypotension increased (31 of 169 [18.3%] vs 16 of 169 [9.5%]; risk ratio, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.13-4.10]; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceDexmedetomidine administration in the early postpartum period significantly reduced the incidence of a positive PPD screening and maintained a favorable safety profile.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200057213
Dispersing Magnetic Nanoparticles into Staggered, Porous Nano‐Frameworks: Weaving and Visualizing Nanoscale Magnetic Flux Lines for Enhanced Electromagnetic Absorption
Authors: Zhou Xiaodi , Zhang Huibin , Yuan Mingyue , Li Bangxin , Cui Jiacheng , Qian Yuetong , Liu Yihao , Yu Linhe , Xiong Xuhui , Du Yiqian , Zhang Jincang , Lai Yuxiang , Lv Hualiang , Che Renchao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBy dispersing magnetic materials within various nanoscale structural frameworks, a complex and weavable magnetic network of nanoscale magnetic fields is created. This network not only systematically reconstructs interactions with external electromagnetic fields but also inversely adjusts its magnetic properties, potentially leading to anomalous or enhanced magnetic behaviors. However, the challenges lie in finding an effective nano‐framework capable of efficiently regulating magnetic flux lines and visualizing these reconstructed fields at the nanoscale. In this study, magnetic Co nanoparticles are strategically dispersed into a meticulously layered nanoporous framework with the bottom and upper nanopores exhibiting a staggered arrangement. The staggered nanoporous structure intricately shapes the magnetic flux lines into a Chinese knot shape, significantly altering its magnetic characteristics. The innovative use of advanced in situ magnetic holography, coupled with magnetic simulation calculations, has been instrumental in visualizing these modifications to the magnetic flux lines. Such a transformation remarkably enhances the material's efficacy in absorbing electromagnetic waves, covering the Ku band with remarkable efficiency even at a minimal thickness of 1.7 mm. Looking ahead, these breakthroughs not only provide a roadmap for developing more efficient electromagnetic wave absorbers but also open up new possibilities in manipulating magnetic properties for various advanced technological applications.
Manipulating Molecular Motion of [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]Quinoxaline‐6,7‐Dicarboxylate Small Molecules for Highly Efficient Solar‐Thermal Water Evaporation and Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Wang Luoqing , Wang Han , Yu Shuai , An Nan , Pan Yuyu , Li Jing , Jia Tao , Wang Kai , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic conjugated molecules are a category of high solar harvesting material that can convert energy into heat and be utilized as solar‐driven water‐electricity co‐generation. However, the limited absorption range and insufficient photothermal conversion efficiency hinder their application. Herein, two new organic molecules TPA‐BTQ and TPA‐SBTQ, featuring strong electron withdrawing [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline‐6,7‐dicarboxylate (BTQ) center, terminated by triphenylamine or thiophene‐bridged triphenylamine are designed and synthesized. Detailed theory calculations and spectral analysis confirm that the BTQ unit induces strong intramolecular charge transfer and expands the absorption across a wide spectra range. The flexible alky chain substituted on thiophene inhibits the over‐aggregation and affords more rotation space, leading to suppressed radiative transition and efficient solar‐thermal conversion. Therefore, TPA‐SBTQ powder shows broad absorption across 350 to 1300 nm with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 18.28% under 1 kW m−2 simulated solar irradiation. Moreover, TPA‐SBTQ is further explored for solar‐thermal conversion applications. The evaporation rate of TPA‐SBTQ solar‐driven water evaporator can reach a remarkable 1.337 kg m−2 h−1 with 92% of water evaporation efficiency under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation. This study provides guidance for the rational design of high‐efficient organic solar‐thermal materials with a wide absorption spectrum and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency at the molecular level for emerging photothermal‐related applications.
Advances in Extracellular Vesicle Research Over the Past Decade: Source and Isolation Method are Connected with Cargo and Function
Authors: Poupardin Rodolphe , Wolf Martin , Maeding Nicole , Paniushkina Liliia , Geissler Sven , Bergese Paolo , Witwer Kenneth W. , Schallmoser Katharina , Fuhrmann Gregor , Strunk Dirk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe evolution of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has introduced nanotechnology into biomedical cell communication science while recognizing what is formerly considered cell “dust” as constituting an entirely new universe of cell signaling particles. To display the global EV research landscape, a systematic review of 20 364 original research articles selected from all 40 684 EV‐related records identified in PubMed 2013–2022 is performed. Machine‐learning is used to categorize the high‐dimensional data and further dissected significant associations between EV source, isolation method, cargo, and function. Unexpected correlations between these four categories indicate prevalent experimental strategies based on cargo connectivity with function of interest being associated with certain EV sources or isolation strategies. Conceptually relevant association of size‐based EV isolation with protein cargo and uptake function will guide strategic conclusions enhancing future EV research and product development. Based on this study, an open‐source database is built to facilitate further analysis with conventional or AI tools to identify additional causative associations of interest.
Polymorphism‐Dependent Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescent Scintillation for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Dong Mengyang , Lv Anqi , Zou Xin , Gan Nan , Peng Chenxi , Ding Meijuan , Wang Xiao , Zhou Zixing , Chen Huan , Ma Huili , Gu Long , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic phosphorescent scintillating materials have shown great potential for applications in radiography and radiation detection due to their efficient utilization of excitons. However, revealing the relationship between molecule stacking and the phosphorescent radioluminescence of scintillators is still challenging. This study reports on two phenothiazine derivatives with polymorphism‐dependent phosphorescence radioluminescence. The experiments reveal that molecule stacking significantly affects the non‐radiation decay of the triplet excitons of scintillators, which further determines the phosphorescence scintillation performance under X‐ray irradiation. These phosphorescent scintillators exhibit high radio stability and have a low detection limit of 278 nGys−1. Additionally, the potential application of these scintillators in X‐ray radiography, based on their X‐ray excited radioluminescence properties, is demonstrated. These findings provide a guideline for obtaining high‐performance phosphorescent scintillating materials by shedding light on the effect of crystal packing on the radioluminescence of organic molecules.
Tuning the Physically Induced Crystallinity of Microfabricated Bioresorbable Guides for Insertion of Flexible Neural Implants
Authors: Mousavi Hajar , Schoutens Emmie , Merhie Amira El , Dieuset Gabriel , Dauly Gautier , Galliani Marina , Wendling Fabrice , Ismailova Esma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDevices that safely interface with the brain are critical to advancing neuroengineering. Thin and flexible neural implants show great promise alongside established silicon technologies. They therefore require a physical stiffener to allow their insertion into brain tissue. Bioresorbable polymer shanks are novel transient guides enabling accurate implantation using biocompatible materials that will be absorbed by the body over time. The development of materials with optimized stiffness and degradation is needed to provide minimally invasive probes with precise insertion capability under surgical conditions. A microfabrication protocol for the patterning of polyvinyl alcohol and its physical cross‐linking is presented, resulting in insertion guides with precise shapes and tunable degradation and stiffness. The results demonstrate a remarkable improvement in batch fabricating micro‐scale neural shanks with designed crystallinity. It results in their prolonged degradation time, evaluated in agarose gel, and remarkably improved penetrability due to the increase in mechanical stiffness. In vitro and in vivo studies support the high acceptability of this combination in interfacing with neural cells and tissue. This work represents a novel approach to the material and process engineering of bioresorbable polymers for developing fully organic and safe implants.
Rapid Design of Fully Soft Deployable Structures Via Kirigami Cuts and Active Learning
Authors: Ma Leixin , Mungekar Mrunmayi , Roychowdhury Vwani , Jawed M.K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoft deployable structures – unlike conventional piecewise rigid deployables based on hinges and springs – can assume intricate 3‐D shapes, thereby enabling transformative soft robotic and manufacturing technologies. Their virtually infinite degrees of freedom allow precise control over the final shape. The same enabling high dimensionality, however, poses a challenge for solving the inverse problem: fabrication of desired 3D structures requires manufacturing technologies with extensive local actuation and control, and a trial‐and‐error search over a large design space. Both of these shortcomings are addressed by first developing a simplified planar fabrication approach that combines two ingredients: strain mismatch between two layers of a composite shell and kirigami cuts that relieves localized stress. In principle, it is possible to generate targeted 3‐D shapes by designing the appropriate kirigami cuts and the amount of prestretch (without any local control). Second, a data‐driven physics‐guided framework is formulated that reduces the dimensionality of the inverse design problem using autoencoders and efficiently searches through the “latent” parameter space in an active learning approach. The rapid design procedure is demonstrated via a range of target shapes, such as peanuts, pringles, flowers, and pyramids. Experiments and our numerical predictions are found to be in good agreement.
Palladium‐Catalysed Norbornene‐Mediated Regioselective Direct C−H Glycosylation of Free (N−H) Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Singh Chauhan Neha , Kumar Mandal Pintu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed norbornene‐mediated regioselective direct C−H glycosylation of free N−H pyrrole and electron‐deficient pyrrole derivatives has been developed. The reaction involves the use of a PdII catalyst and norbornene as a transpositional co‐catalyst, in which a pyrrole‐ and norbornyl‐fused palladaheterocycle forms as the key intermediate. The 2‐substituted pyrroles, and other 2,3‐disubstituted pyrroles underwent the selective C5 glycosylation. This reaction is compatible with various types of glycosyl chlorides including D‐mannose, L‐rhamnose, D‐mannofuranose, and D‐ribofuranose. The viability of this strategy is showed by gram‐scale, various synthetic transformation and functionalization.
Sustainable Manufacturing of Graphitic Carbon from Bio‐Waste Using Flash Heating for Anode Material of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Optimal Performance
Authors: Kaur Jasreet , Pannu Amandeep Singh , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Wang Xiaodong , Frasca Paul , Alarco Jose 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo address the fundamental challenge of resource sustainability and to effectively deal with issues pertaining to supply chain resilience, cost efficiency, environmental impact, and the ability to meet specific local needs; there is an urgent need for high‐grade battery anode materials produced locally from readily available raw materials. In this work, synthesis of high‐quality graphitic carbon (GH) derived from human hair is demonstrated using an in‐house engineered reactor based on Joule's Flash heating method. The GH is characterized using various techniques to examine its chemical composition, particle morphology, crystallinity, and demonstrate its usability as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Fabricated coin cell with active material exhibits a gravimetric capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1 (equivalent to a C rate of ≈0.1C) over the 100 cycles. The in situ and ex situ studies using XRD, Raman, XPS, and UPS techniques conclude that during the initial charge cycle for GH, lithium ions diffused into the electrode during the resting period are effectively removed. This not only improves the lithium inventory to start with but also mitigates subsequent solvent degradation during solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Thus, these improvements ultimately enhance the capacity of the anode to 500mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1. The study offers the potential to initiate a new realm of research by redirecting the focus to a material once considered as mere waste.
Adoptive cellular therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Vittayawacharin Pongthep , Kongtim Piyanuch , Chu Yaya , June Carl H. , Bollard Catherine M. , Ciurea Stefan O. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEffective cellular therapy using CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells for the treatment of advanced B‐cell malignancies raises the question of whether the administration of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) posttransplant could reduce relapse and improve survival. Moreover, several early phase clinical studies have shown the potential beneficial effects of administration of tumor‐associated antigen‐specific T‐cells and natural killer cells posttransplant for high‐risk patients, aiming to decrease relapse and possibly improve survival. In this article, we present an in‐depth review of ACT after transplantation, which has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of this procedure and revolutionize this field.
Frailty is an independent predictor of postoperative rescue medication use after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Rubel Kolin E. , Lopez Andrea , Lubner Rory J. , Lee Diane L. , Yancey Kristen , Chandra Rakesh K. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Turner Justin H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe modified five‐item frailty index (mFI‐5) is a validated risk stratification tool with the ability to predict adverse outcomes following surgery. In this study, we sought to use mFI‐5 to assess the potential relationship between unhealthy aging and postoperative endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) outcomes.MethodsPatients who underwent sinus surgery at Vanderbilt between 2014 and 2018 were identified and assessed using the mFI‐5, which is calculated based on the presence of five comorbidities: diabetes mellitus, hypertension requiring medication, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and non‐independent functional status. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to quantify the association of mFI‐5 score on need for rescue oral antibiotics, oral steroids, and antibiotic irrigations within 1 year following ESS, adjusting for relevant potential confounders.ResultsFour hundred and three patients met inclusion criteria. Within 6 months of surgery, 312 (77%) required rescue antibiotics, 243 (60%) required oral corticosteroids (OCS), and 31 (8%) initiated antibiotic irrigations. Increasing mFI‐5 scores were significantly associated with higher postoperative use of rescue antibiotics (p < 0.0001), OCS (p = 0.032), and antibiotic irrigation (p < 0.0001). Frailty scores remained as an independent predictor of these outcomes after adjustment for age, polyp status, preoperative sinonasal outcomes test (SNOT‐22) score, and revision surgery status.ConclusionsModified frailty scores may be a useful clinical tool to predict the need for postoperative rescue medication use after ESS.
Nasoseptal flap with extended pedicle dissection based on the maxillary artery: Clinical series of 55 cases
Authors: Vinciguerra Alessandro , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Ferrari Marco , Mattavelli Davide , Sileo Giorgio , Rampinelli Vittorio , Abbate Vincenzo , Verillaud Benjamin , Schreiber Alberto , Battaglia Paolo , Bignami Maurizio , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo , Herman Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Key points
Nasoseptal flap with extended pedicle dissection is a low morbidity and high success rate flap.
It is a flap that can be applied to reconstruct a wide range of ipsilateral skull base defects.