bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Gliogenic Genes and Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Huntington’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafi Ovais , Raveena  , Yaqoob Uzair , Haseeb Madiha , Madhwani Manwar , Virk Luqman Naseer , Zaidi Syed Wajahat Ali , Nadeem Ammar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:
The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative condition, is considered to also involve glial cells. Understanding the intricate interactions between neurons and glia can be accomplished by looking at gliogenic pathways and transcriptional dysregulation. Understanding glial involvement may result in novel medicines, biomarkers, and a thorough understanding of HD's molecular foundation, thereby altering patient outcomes and disease management.
Methods:
Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving Huntington’s disease, gliogenesis, gliogenic genes and signaling pathways, astrocytogenic genes.
Results:
This study reveals the complex interactions between gliogenic pathways and disease etiology. Key factors Pax6, Nkx6.1, Sox9, Sox4, and NFIX are impacted by transcriptional dysregulation, which may interfere with gliogenesis and cellular differentiation. TGF-beta, JAK-STAT, SHH, and NF-B dysregulated signaling pathways emphasize their part in astrocyte dysfunction and glial-neuronal interactions. GFAP, S100, and NF-B are implicated in neuroprotection and are also involved in HD pathogenesis. The intricate interplay of transcriptional factors and pathways complicates the mechanisms behind HD. Therapeutically, gliogenic pathway modulation, transcriptional balance restoration, and glial dysfunction targeting offer promising approaches to slow the course of HD. Even if there are still gaps, current research will improve our knowledge of gliogenic processes and of their possible implications in HD neurodegeneration.
Conclusion:
The investigation of gliogenic pathways and molecules in Huntington's disease (HD) reveals insights into potential glial dysfunction contributions. Alterations to signaling pathways (TGF-beta, JAK-STAT, SHH), astrocyte-related molecules (GFAP, S100, NF-B), and transcriptional dysregulation may all have an impact on how the disease develops. Complexity is added by transcription factors that affect cellular differentiation (HOPX, Sox9, Sox4, NFIX). The interaction between pathways emphasizes how complex HD pathogenesis is. Genetic and epigenetic alterations, stress reactions, and interactions between pathways all contribute to dysregulation. A growing understanding of gliogenesis and its possible implications in HD are provided in this study, opening up possibilities for therapeutic investigation and mitigating the effects of glial-driven HD.
Physical Activity Promotes Well Being: Medical Students' Engagement and Perspective. A Cross-Sectional Study Scoped Through Innovation and Technology
Authors: Mohamed Sami , Muhammad Abdulqadir Surajo , Mohamed Abdikarim Abdi , Eldeen Ahmad Al-Mujtaba Esam , Alhaj Ahmad Mahmud , Bulama Ahmad Abdullahi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: The role of physical activity in health promotion is further complimented by its disease preventive value. Future doctors' involvement and advocacy in diverse aspects of such significant role is still under evaluation.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess medical students' PA engagement and perspective while discussing related educational innovations and technological advances.
Methods: Through a cross-sectional observational study design, stratified sampling from third, fourth and fifth year medical students attending Nile university, Sudan, during the period from February to April 2020, were included. Descriptive data analysis was done using the SPSS software, after data collection via a structured questionnaire briefly inspired by the IPAQ.
Results: Out of 188 students, 43.10% males and 56.90% females, less than half (91, 48.40%) participate in planned PA, and majority (156, 82.98%) agreed with its health related significance. Few (57, 30.32%) considered academic load as a barrier, and only 20 (10.60%) were not actively promoting PA engagement to others. Most PA participants were males (57.14%), leaning towards group based activity (54, 59.34%), making regular plans (51, 56.04%) and motivated by self health promotion (86, 94.51%) (p-value <0.05). Embedding PA into undergraduate curriculum, use of PA report cards, exercise prescription training and targeted mentoring, in addition to digital bracelets, smart phone applications and internet-based social media, had positive impact on PA participation and promotion.
Conclusion: Medical students' understanding of PA health related significance did not equate to increase engagement, despite active promotion. Curricular integration of PA should accompany recent innovative educational strategies to increase their participation and advocation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of technology-based, and AI-driven, PA in achieving this goal.
Trends in myopia development among Chinese children and adolescents in Xuzhou during one academic year
Authors: Li Lin , Liao Ya , Wang Qian , Wang Mei , Zhang Wenxuan , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and progression of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Xuzhou City, China, during one academic year.
Methods: The study employed a prospective research design and utilized a whole-group sampling method to conduct non-cycloplegic spot photo screenings on a sample of 38,041 students from 44 primary and secondary schools in Xuzhou City, China. A one-year follow-up was conducted to gather data on spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and subsequent analysis was carried out to explore the disparities in myopia prevalence among primary and secondary school students within the same academic year, as well as the progression of myopia.
Results: During the 2022 academic year, the overall prevalence of myopia in the first and second semesters was 62.6% and 64.2% respectively, indicating an increasing trend. Particularly in primary school, the prevalence of myopia increased with higher grade levels, and significant variations in myopia prevalence were observed mainly in grades 1-3 and 7 (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of myopia in middle school remained stable, while in primary school, there was a positive correlation between myopia incidence and grade level, with the highest rate of 20.1% in grade 6. Among the myopic population, the median value of spherical equivalent refraction slightly decreased between the two semesters. The proportion of high myopia increased among students in grades 5-8.
Conclusions: Our study revealed that within the same academic year, the prevalence of myopia and the severity of myopia have significantly increased in Xuzhou City, China, accompanied by an increase in the proportion of high myopia. For different grade levels, we should adopt personalized prevention and control measures, with a particular focus on lower grade levels and students who have just entered a new grade.
Explanatory factors of the financial condition in the municipalities of Minas Gerais
Authors: Ferreira Hugo Lucindo , Resende Leandro Lima , Barbosa Neto João Estevão , Cunha Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da , Avelino Bruna Camargos 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Identify the explanatory factors of the financial condition of small municipalities in Minas Gerais.
Methodology: From the perspective of the Theory of Financial Condition, the research was carried out in two stages: first, the financial condition of the municipalities was calculated using Brown's (1993) model; next, the financial variables capable of influencing the financial condition of the municipalities in the sample were identified. To do this, accounting information was collected in the period 2017-2020, from 229 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais that had a population of less than 5 thousand inhabitants in 2020. An econometric model with panel data was used for the analysis of the relations.
Results: The variables Personnel Expenditure (GP) and Degree of Indebtedness (GE) were significant at a 1% level, with GP being positively related and GE negatively related to the government's financial condition. Therefore, the results prove the existence of financial factors related to budget solvency and long-term solvency that affect the financial condition of small municipalities.
Contributions of the Study: The research contributes to the literature on the explanatory factors of the financial condition by analyzing small municipalities, using a model consolidated in the international literature, especially amid the discussion of PEC 188/2019, on the merger of these municipalities. In addition, it can help public managers in decision-making, by pointing out the explanatory factors that explain the municipality’s financial condition.
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Related Sexual Behaviour among Pregnant Women 18-49 years Old Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Primary Health Care in Maseru, Lesotho
Authors: Xavier Lwamba Nyembo , Mokgatle Mathildah M , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi O. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The prevalence of STIs among pregnant women attending Antenatal care (ANCs) clinics in Maseru remains unknown. Therefore, there is a need to determine the prevalence of STIs among pregnant women attending ANC in Maseru and to assess their sexual behaviour.

Methodology:
A quantitative cross-sectional survey methodology using medical records and patient surveys were conducted. Firstly, the records of pregnant women attending ANC at three clinics-Queen Elizabeth, Seventh Day Adventist, and Thamae clinic from March to May 2021 were used to determine the prevalence of STIs, including HIV. A count of all records with an STI diagnosis and syndromic management regimen over three months was performed. Prevalence was determined by calculating the quotient of STI-positive records over all the records for three months. Secondly, a cross-sectional descriptive study of the same pregnant women was used to assess their sexual behaviors. Both the patient record for STI data and the questionnaires for sexual behaviors were included. Overall, 405 pregnant women were investigated at the three clinics in Maseru, Lesotho.

Results:
The prevalence of STIs including HIV in the three clinics over the three month period was found to be high. The prevalence of STIs in the Seventh Day Adventist clinic was the highest of the three clinics. The prevalence varied across three months with cumulative prevalence of 17.0%, 8.7%, and 9.7% respectively. The overall cumulative and comparative prevalence in the three months and in the three clinics was 12.2% for STIs against 29.0% for HIV. There was low uptake of STI treatment, inconsistent use of condoms, and the practice of having multiple sexual partners among pregnant women.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of STIs including HIV in the three clinics was found to be high. The inconsistent use of condoms and the practice of having multiple sexual partners were found to be the main predictors of STI and HIV acquisition among pregnant women in these three clinics.
Effect of Solution-focused Counseling on Depression and Quality of Life in Women under Mastectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pirzadi Leila , Vakilian Katayon , Azar Fereshteh Farzan , Norouzi Effat 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
This study was conducted with the objective of determining whether solution-focused counseling reduces depression and increases the quality of life in breast cancer women.

Methods:
This study was a parallel randomized clinical trial on mastectomy women. A total of 100 volunteer participants completed the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) depression inventory and the WHO Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL- BREF) questionnaire. Fifty-six participants who scored less than the cut-off point in two questionnaires were randomly placed in two intervention and control groups. The participants in the intervention group received the solution-focused counseling method for six sessions (once a week). The control group received routine care. Then both groups filled out the questionnaires again. The results were analyzed by SPSS 22 using independent t-test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and ANOVA repeated measurement tests.

Results:
The results indicated that the post-intervention depression score in the intervention group decreased after adjusting the variables compared to the control group (p-value=0.001). Moreover, it was revealed that solution-focused counseling increased the post-intervention quality of life after adjusting variables compared to the control group (p=0.001).

Conclusion:
The results of the present study showed that solution-focused counseling improved mood and quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary for midwives/nurses to provide counseling approaches for depression patients to help them pass the treatment process of cancer and have better psychological and physical health by improving their quality of life.
Anxiety over the Spread of COVID-19 and its related Factors among Older Adults in Bangkok
Authors: Panya Chuleegorn , Sarachan Anongnut , Faksook Ekkalak 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Older adults are the population most at risk of death from the outbreak of COVID-19. Promotion of health literacy and COVID-19 prevention behavior among older adults is needed to lessen their anxiety.

Objective:
To analyze the relationships among age, health literacy, health behavior, and anxiety over the spread of COVID-19 among older adults in Bangkok.

Methods:
The participants were 480 male and female Thai older adults aged 60 and over who lived in Bangkok as listed in the household registration. A multi-stage sampling was used to select the participants. The research tools were interview forms covering data about personal information, health literacy, and health behavior. The research period was from September to November 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis through an SPSS (version 24)

Results:
Older adults in Bangkok had a high level of anxiety over the spread of COVID-19 ( = 16.02, SD = 5.22). Health literacy (r =−0.220) and health behavior (r =−0.390) were associated with the anxiety of older adults at a statistical significance level of 0.05 and could significantly predict 16.5% of older adults’ anxiety.

Conclusion:
A holistic system or approach should be established to promote older adults’ access to health services and enhance their health literacy in preventing COVID-19. This will make them have appropriate health behavior, be able to prevent the disease continuously, and have less anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak.
An Updated Review of Nicotine in Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Wal Pranay , Aziz Namra , Patel Aman , Wal Ankita 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Nicotine addiction is a major risk for the population all over the world. Many gastrointestinal diseases are caused due to nicotine addiction, like peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, and gastrointestinal cancer. Nicotine causes variations in the offensive and defensive factors, which are involved in gastrointestinal mechanisms.

Objective:
We aim to provide insights into nicotine activity in gastrointestinal disorders and cancer.

Methods:
Extensive literature was done using the keywords “Nicotine,” “Nicotine addiction,” “GI disorders,” “Peptic ulcer,” “Inflammatory bowel diseases,” and “Gastrointestinal cancer” from standard databases like PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and Science Direct.

Conclusion:
Thus, we may conclude that addiction to nicotine in peptic ulcers causes an increase of offensive factors and a decrease of defensive factors, and in gastrointestinal cancers, causes an increase in angiogenesis, metastasis, and proliferation and decrease in apoptosis in ulcerative colitis. It is used as treatment but worsens the condition of Crohn’s disease.
The Post-pandemic Prevalence of Refractive Errors among Elementary School Children in Jakarta
Authors: Darusman Kianti Raisa , Basrowi Ray Wagiu , Wilar Yitro , Hartono Immanuela , Moeloek Nila F. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors among elementary school-aged children in Jakarta, particularly in post-pandemic situations.

Aim:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 children in grades 4th to 6th in two elementary schools in Jakarta.

Methods:
Ophthalmological examination consisted of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) examination by trained teachers using a modified and simplified Snellen chart, followed by a slit lamp examination for anterior and posterior segment evaluation and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) examination using auto-refractometer and subjective refraction using a full Snellen chart. Demographic data were obtained via anamnesis and pre-questionnaire from the school database. Correlation between variables, the prevalence of refractive errors and characteristic demographics were analyzed through bivariate or multivariate analysis.

Results:
From a total of 284 children, 9 of the total screened children (4%) were already corrected with eyeglasses. However, the refractive screening result showed that 111 subjects (40%) were diagnosed with ametropic conditions, either with myopia and/or astigmatism. Further bivariate analysis to explore the correlation between the prevalence and subject characteristic shows that there was no statistical correlation between school grade and age of subjects toward ametropic diagnosis, even though the majority of the subjects diagnosed with ametropia were populated in younger aged children (less than 12 years old), which was as high as 62% of the total ametropic subjects, therefore clinically correlated.

Conclusion
The significantly increasing prevalence number of refractive errors post-pandemic among elementary school-aged children in Jakarta proved the worrying impact of excessive use of gadgets, online schooling and lack of outdoor activities during the last three years of social restriction in Indonesia. This high prevalence of refractive errors (generally more than 30%) was considered a public health problem. Therefore, these results will encourage the government and healthcare providers to mitigate and accelerate the screening, prevention and treatment of refractive errors in children, in a way to reduce the potential risks of future health, social, and economic problems.
Efek laju alir dan arah aliran terhadap analisis performa alat penukar panas tipe shell and tube heat exchanger menggunakan SCADA
Authors: Achmad Feerzet , Tampubolon Yosi Anugrah S.M , Fajri Muhammad , Nury Dennis Farina , Prahmana Rico Aditia , Suhartono Suhartono , Suharto Suharto 
Published: January 2024

Panas atau kalor merupakan energi yang dapat berpindah dikarenakan perbedaan temperatur. Dalam melakukan perpindahan panas, dibutuhkan sebuah alat agar mendukung terjadinya perpindahan panas. Alat perpindahan panas yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE). Penelitian ini menggunakan program SCADA yang dapat melakukan proses akusisi data dan kontrol terhadap variabel dependen yaitu laju alir fluida panas sehingga diharapkan data yang ditampilkan pada program SCADA dapat merepresentasikan pengaruh laju alir dan arah aliran terhadap analisis performa alat penukar panas tipe STHE. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir fluida panas pada rentang 0.8 L/min – 1.8 L/min, dimana pada alat ini memiliki maksimum laju alir 2,1 L/min. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa efektivitas tertinggi sebesar 0,44 pada laju alir fluida panas 1.8 L/min dengan aliran fluida berlawanan arah. Dari hal ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa laju alir fluida dan arah aliran fluida mempengaruhi efektivitas alat penukar panas, namun bukan hanya mempengaruhi efektivitas alat penukar panas, laju alir dan arah aliran fluida juga mempengaruhi analisis yang lainnya seperti bilangan Reynold, perubahan temperatur rata-rata logaritmik, Number of Transfer Unit (NTU), dan juga efektivitas NTU. Laju alir pada alat penukar panas berpengaruh terhadap besarnya panas yang akan diserap maupun dikeluarkan sehingga, ketika laju alir mengalami peningkatan maka efektivitas alat penukar panas juga akan mengalami peningkatan dikarenakan hal ini dipengaruhi oleh besarnya panas yang dikeluarkan maupun yang diterima.
Penentuan kondisi optimum pembuatan silica gel menggunakan silika geothermal dengan metode sol-gel
Authors: Sujoto Vincent Sutresno Hadi , Tangkas I Wayan Christ Widhi Herman , Astuti Widi , Sumardi Slamet , Jenie Siti Nurul Aisyiyah , Tampubolon Aron Pangihutan Christian , Syamsumin Syamsumin , Utama Andhika Putera , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti , Kusumastuti Yuni 
Published: January 2024

Salah satu permasalahan yang muncul di lapangan pembangkit listrik panas bumi (PLTP) adalah terjadinya silica scaling dalam sistem pemipaaan akibat konsentrasi padatan terlarut yang tinggi pada air geotermal (geothermal brine). Silica scalling dapat menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi pembangkitan energi listrik dari panas bumi. Pada penelitian ini lumpur silika yang dihasilkan dari lapangan pembangkit listrik panas bumi akan dimanfaatkan sebagai raw material sintesis silica gel. Silica gel disintesis menggunakan metode sol-gel dengan variasi rasio natrium silikat dan air (1:3 ; 1:4 ; dan 1:5) dan konsentrasi asam klorida ( 0,5 M ; 1 M; dan 2 M). Karakteristik silica gel dilihat menggunakan analisis Forier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Secara umum, pita serapan yang muncul pada spektra sample silica gel menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsional yang terdapat pada silica gel adalah gugus silanol (Si-OH) dan gugus siloksan (Si-O-Si). Panjang gelombang 1055,86 cm-1­ menunjukkan gugus Si-O, yang mengindikasikan adanya vibrasi SiO4 dan polimerisasi Si-O-Si saat pembentukan silica gel. Selain itu, kapasitas penjerapan air oleh silika gel menunjukkan bahwa sampel dengan kode A7 memiliki kapasitas penjerapan air terbesar, yaitu mencapai 0,9331 gr air/ gram silica gel. Analisis Response Surface Methodology (RSM) mengindikasikan bahwa konsentrasi asam memberikan pengaruh singnifikan terhadap pembentukan silica gel dibandingkan dengan variasi pengenceran natrium silikat.
Pengendapan nikel sulfat hasil pelindian bijih nikel laterit (limonit) menggunakan metode Solvent Displacement Crystallization (SDC)
Authors: Septiawan Muhammad Ridwan , Justiadi Justiadi , Sari Dewi Purnama , Nugroho Vincentius Sulistyoaji , Rianto Muhammad Ikbal 
Published: January 2024

Penggunaan nikel sulfat sebagai bahan baku baterai litium akan meningkatkan permintaan nikel di masa depan. Peningkatan permintaan tersebut akan diikuti oleh peningkatan permintaan bijih nikel yang saat ini banyak berasal dari bijih nikel laterit. Khususnya, permintaan bijih nikel laterit kadar rendah (limonit, Ni ≤ 1,5%) yang saat ini belum banyak diolah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengolahan bijih nikel laterit kadar rendah (limonit) secara hidrometalurgi untuk memperoleh padatan nikel sulfat melalui proses pelindian menggunakan asam sulfat dan pengendapan menggunakan metode Solvent Displacement Crystallization (SDC). Tahapan pada penelitian ini meliputi preparasi, pelindian, pengendapan dan karakterisasi. Sampel bijih hasil preparasi dilarutkan dengan menggunakan asam sulfat pada proses pelindian dan dinetralisasi menggunakan CaCO3 untuk memperoleh larutan nikel sulfat yang kemudian diendapkan pada proses pengendapan menggunakan metode SDC. Endapan nikel sulfat selanjutnya dipisahkan dari larutan untuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, XRF, AAS dan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan organik air (OA) 1,6:1; pH 2, waktu pengadukan 3 jam dan temperatur 20oC adalah parameter terbaik dengan persen pengendapan nikel yang diperoleh adalah 98,3%.