bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid renal masses: use of spiral Computed tomography for Differentiation between benign and malignant lesions
Authors: A. Hadi Taj-Aldean Kassim , H.Mahmood Emad 
Published: January 2024

objective: To determine whether CT images on the basis of their morphologic features and enhancement patterns. could help accurately distinguish benign renal masses from malignant .patients and Methods : Between April 2006 and February 2009, 80 consecutive patients (age range, 1â€“65 years; 50 male, 30 female) suspected to have renal mass by physical examination ,underwent ultrasound examination to evaluate the mass ,whether cystic or solid. Only patients with solid renal mass documented with US were included in the study then preoperative renal CT. All CT studies evaluated the mass about the pattern and degree of enhancement, lesion contour, presence of neovascularity, and calcifications .Results: Of the 80 renal masses (median size, 3.4 cm; range, 1.1â€“20.0 cm) included in this study, 30 (37 %) were benign and 50 (63 %) were malignant. of benign 14 (47%)patients have abscess and 16(54 %) have angiomyolipoma , while malignant tumor classified as clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) 28 (56 %) , papillary lesions 16 (32 %) and 6 (12 %) Wilm's tumors. abscess most commonly classified as hypodense with peripheral enhancement while Clear cell RCC most commonly manifested with a mixed enhancement pattern of both hypervascular soft-tissue components and low-attenuation areas that corresponded to necrotic or cystic changes ,whereas the homogeneous and peripheral enhancing patterns were more predictive of less aggressive papillary . Clear cell RCCs tended to be hypervascular and angiomyolipomas tended to enhance moderately, and papillary lesions were mostly hypovascular.
Conclusion: Certain imaging features and the degree of enhancement may be helpful in differentiation of renal masses .
A comparative study to find the effect of hypertension on physical parameters for intra cerebral hemorrhage buy using spiral CT- scan technique
Authors: Hassen Rhaf Mayadah 
Published: January 2024

CT offers high diagnostic capability. The project is related to the intra cerebral hemorrhage which means bleeding that occurs directly into the brain parenchyma. Hypertension high blood pressure (140 / 90 mmhg or higher) is the most important risk factor for all types of stroke; including cerebral infarction, irrespective of sex, race, or nationality. The aim of this research is to study the effect of hypertension to the physical parameters for patients with intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The study enrolled 24 subjects without any problem (10 males and 14 females) with a mean age of( 61.25 Â± 6.4285) years with age between 41-72 years, and 20 subjects with hypertension (12 males and 8 females) with a mean age of (59.45 Â± 10.44)years with age between 40-75 years. Many physical parameters have been measured (Lateral ventricle diameter, length, area, volume, cerebral radius, Head circumference, Left and right dilatation ratio). The results show that the physical parameters measurements with age have directly proportional except the radius and diameters which is inversely proportional with subject , s age in two study grops. The mean value in left side of all physical parameters measurements is larger than right side exept the lateral ventrical volum and area. Gender with all physical parameters measurements has weakly relation.Clear physical parametres measurements changes are with age period (70-75).
Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage Among Medical Staff In AL-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital ,Thi-Qar,Iraq.
Authors: K. AL-Omer Dheaa , N.Al-Yassiri Hameed 
Published: January 2024

Background : nasal carrier of Staphylococcus aureus is a common health problem world wide.Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers among hospital staff in AN- Nasiriyah teaching Hospital ,Thi-Qar ,Iraq. Patients and methods: Nasal swabs were taken from each of 140 personnel. After culturing on blood agar for overnight, probablestaphylococcal isolates were identified and subjected to tube Coagulase test. After a two-week interval, second nasal swabs were taken from the subjects whose first cultures were positive for S. aureus.Results: Nasal carriage was defined in 31 (22.14%) personnel with positive culture for both sampling time. 74.19% are penicillin resistant, most of them are methicillin sensitive but 2 cases (1.43%) are thicillin resistant Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common health problem all over the world and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an emerging subject even in our community ,which requires further attention and support.
Clinco-Biochemical Profile Of Neonatal Seizures
Authors: M.Al.Marzoki Jasim 
Published: January 2024

Background: Neonatal seizures are the most prominent feature of neurological dysfunction during neonatal period. Neonatal seizures occur within the first 4 weeks of life in a full-term infant and up to 44 weeks from conception for premature infant. Neonatal seizures are occurring in approximately 1.8 â€“ 3.5 / 1000 live birth.Objectives: To study clinical types, time of onset and to determine the etiology of neonatal seizures.Methods: Out of eighty eight full term and preterm neonates with seizure at neonatal care unit and general wards of Babylon Gynecology and Pediatrics teaching hospital were studied prospectively in regard to clinco-biochemical profile of neonatal seizures from period 1st of May 2009 to 1st of December 2009.Results: Eighty eight full term and preterm neonates, (95.4%) of them were term and (4.6%) were preterm. The most common cause of neonatal convulsion was metabolic disturbances collectively constitute (47.7%).The other causes were asphyxia (15.4%),meningitis (6.6%),structural abnormalities (4.4%) and unknown cause (27.2%). Tonic type occurred in (100%) of preterm patients while in term patients, (31.8â„…) of them were subtle type ,followed by tonic type (24.3â„…) , focal clonic (16.2â„…),generalized tonic clonic (11.3â„…) and multi focal clonic type(11.3â„…). 80â„… of hypoglycemia occurred in male patients.Conclusions: The commonest cause of seizure was metabolic abnormalities. Subtle seizures were the commonest type of seizure observed in term babies and tonic seizures were the most commonest type in preterm babies in this studyRecommendations: Metabolic abnormalities should be excluded in every case of neonatal seizure. Improving of thelaboratory services and the availability of other investigations must be available. Proper fetal monitoring during labor is recommended to avoid birth asphyxia .
Efficacy of Diluted Betadine Solution Irrigation in the Prevention of Postoperative Infection of Spinal Surgery
Authors: Noori Hafdh Anwer , Abbas Obaidi Zuhair , Majeed Osama 
Published: January 2024

Background: Deep wound infection is a serious complication of spinal surgery that can jeopardize patient outcomes and increase costs. Povidone iodine is a widely used antiseptic with bactericidal activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of diluted betadine irrigation of spinal surgical wounds in prevention of postoperative wound infection. Patients and Methods: One hundred patients of both sex aged 25-65 years old were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were randomized in to two equal groups. In group 1 (50 patients), surgical wounds were irrigated with diluted betadine solution (3.5% betadine) before wound closure. In group 2(50 patients), the wounds were not irrigated and serve as a control. Otherwise, perioperative management was the same for both groups.Results: Mean length of follow-up was 24 months in both groups (range, 12â€“24 months). No wound infection occurred in group 1. One superficial infection (2%) and six deep infections (12%) occurred in group 2.Conclusions: Diluted Betadine effectively prevents spinal surgery wound infection therefore it is recommended to use this simple and inexpensive antiseptic substance following spinal surgery.
HER-2/neu overexpression in correlation to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ,grade and stage of Non other wised specified Invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: A. AL-Dujaily Esraa , H. Al-Kelabi Liwaa , Jabir Neima Alkhafaji Ali , S.M.Al-Harris Esraah 
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the significance of human epidermal growth factor (HER-2/neu) protein overexpression and its possible correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),grade and stage in human non otherwise specified breast cancer. The present investigation was performed over a period starting from November 2008 to January 2009 .Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from 30 patients with breast cancer were included in this study. A group of 15 patients with benign breast lesions (fibroadenoma) was included as a comparative group and 15 normal breast tissue sections were included as control group. Labeled Streptavidin-Biotin Complex (LSAB) method was employed for immunohistochemical detection of HER-2/neu. Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) method was employed for immunohistochemical detection of VEGF . A total of 30 malignant cases were included.HER2/neu was considered as positive in(18 cases)60% of non otherwise specified invasive ductal carcinoma and VEGF was considered as positive in (21cases)70% with concomitant positivity of both markers in more than half (16 cases)53.3% out of 30 malignant cases . No overexpression of both markers have been noticed in normal or benign (fibroadenoma) breast tissue sections with significant difference from that of malignant cases(P<0.05).We did not find any significant difference between overexpression of both(HER-2/neu and VEGF) in relation to age ,tumor size ,tumor stage and positive or negative lymph node breast cancer cases (P>0.05). However there was positive relation between HER-2/neu overexpression and the grade of tumor (P<0.05) ,while there was no significant difference between VEGF overexpression and the tumor grade(P>0.05).HER-2/neu overexpression was positively correlated with VEGF immunostaining in relation to grade and stage (P<0.05).
Based upon the findings of this study, it can be concluded that both HER-2/neu and VEGF play an important role in the pathogenesis of non other wised specified breast cancer and supports the evidence of its role in evolution ,angiogenesis and cell survival of this aggressive tumor . This study recommended that the blocking of both HER-2/neu and VEGF may be a target for blocking the evolution and angiogenesis and hence improving the efficacy of anti cancer therapy against this aggressive type of breast cancer.
Carotid tree changes of Maxillofacial Missile injuries by Doppler sonographay - an Iraqi study
Authors: Dakhel AL- Muala Header , Mohammad Sami Suha , Kummoona Raja 
Published: January 2024

Background: Injuries of the carotid artery caused by penetrating wounds of the neck are nearly 10 times as common as those caused by non penetrating trauma (1), over 10% of all penetrating neck wounds result in significant carotid artery(2) ,and more than 90% of such injuries are secondary to gunshot wounds (3). Injuries to the extra cranial carotid arteries from penetrating trauma is more likely to cause a dissection through intimae disruption and subsequent formation of a false channel and thrombus (4).Patients: Patients were selected from Maxillofacial department in the Specialized Surgeries Hospital in Baghdad . thirty patients were examined , twenty nine were male ( mean 96,66% ) ,only one female was examined ( 3,34% ) . We prepared a specially designed case sheet including , life saving procedures , type of missile , clinical examination include site of missile injuries according to Saletta JD et al 1976 (5) who classified the neck Into three zones , investigation X- ray ,C T scan. .The ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries was performed, the Doppler machine was -SIEMENS â€“ sonoline ELEGRA . Using a highfrequency linear array imaging probe or transducer 7,5- 9 ( MHz) with a Hewlett packard scanner.
Methods : The ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries was performed with the patient in the supine position , the examination takes 30 to 60 minutes (6,7) . Using a highfrequency= linear array imaging probe (7.5- 9 MHz) .Results : Patients age ranging from 15 â€“ 57 years and the mean was 36 years ,most cases were from age range 20-29 years ( 40%) .Eighteen patients ( 60%) were injured with bullets , twelve were injured with shell fragments ( 40 % ) , twelve ( 40%) were hand gun bullets and six ( 20%) were rifle bullets. Intimae media thicknesses of common carotid arteries were measured .Mean of IMT right was 0.7 mm and left side was 0.71 mm . While IMT of right external carotid artery was 0.71 mm , IMT of left external carotid artery was 0.75 mm . IMT of right internal carotid artery was 0.8 mm ,IMT of left internal carotid artery was 0.78 mm .Results reveled that mean of IMT of Ext. carotid artery at injured side was more thicker ( 0.79 mm) than non injured side and the mean of IMT of common carotid artery was also thicker at injured side 0.8 mm .
Conclusion: Ultrasound scanning is noninvasive, and usually painless . , there are no known harmful effects on humans , carotid Ultrasound has to be a risk free procedure . Further Ultrasound scanning gives a clear picture of soft tissues that do not show up well on X- ray images . Mean of IMT of Ext. carotid artery at injured side was more thicker ( 0.79 mm) than non injured side and the mean of IMT of common carotid artery was also thicker at injured side 0.8 mm .
Evaluation of tibial shaft fractures
Authors: J. Al-Khatteib Hussain , A. Al Fatlawy Wejdi , A. Twaij Ihsan 
Published: January 2024

The tibia is the major bone of the lower leg, commonly referred to as the shin bone. Tibia fractures can occur from many types of injuries. Our study is to evaluate patients with different types of fracture shaft tibia. 53 patients were admitted to Al Hakim, Al Sadder & Al Forat hospitals, 39 males &14 females their ages range from 12-55 years were evaluated for different types of fracture shaft tibia in regard to shape of fracture, type of fracture whether open or close, cause of fracture, severity of injury, method of treatment, the complication of treatment, & the time of union & patient return to job. We found that closed fractures were more than open fractures & that healing of closed fractures in those treated operatively was earlier than those treated by cast but complication rate was less in casted group. So we recommend using cast in treatment of stable, closed fracture shaft tibia& that operative treatment is to be used for unstable, or for open fractures with sever soft tissue injury.
Aim of studyThis study is to evaluate patients wit fractures of shaft of tibia in regard to shape of fractures, type of fractures whether open or closed, cause of fractures, severity of injury whether high or low energy trauma, method of treatment, the complications of fracture & its treatment & time of union & patient return to job.
The Role Of Epidural Fentanyl In Painless Labour
Authors: Hrez Ali Al-Sudani Basim , Swadi Raheem Sahar 
Published: January 2024

Background: Epidural analgesia for providing Painless normal vaginal deliveries has been developed over the last 20 years,epidural local anaesthetics was the only available option. However, cetain drugs were added with the local anaesthetics to improves the quality of analgesia.Aims : to ascertain the efficiency of fentanyl added to the epidural local anaesthetics in comparison with the use of an epidural local anaesthetics alone.Patient and methods : This study was carried out on 30 parturients prepared for painless normal vaginal delivery under epidural analgesia in Al-khuder general hospital.
Anaesthesiologist (ASA) classification were grade 1 between 20-40 of age with length taller than 160 cm.Subjects were allocated into two groups (15 patients in each group): Group A (n=15) received through an epidural catheter 8 ml lidocaine 0.75%+ 2ml normal saline for the first main dose and subsequent top up doses. Group B (n=15) received through an epidural catheter 8ml lidocaine o.75% + 20 microgram fentanyl diluted with normal saline to a total 2 ml volume for the first main dose and subsequent top up doses. Onset of action of local anaesthetic , the interval from initial bolus dose to the maternal request for additional analgesia , the number of top up doses and the neonatal condition in both groups were recorded.Results : the group B is associated with shorter onset of action , longer interval from initial bolus dose to the maternal request for additional dose and a lesser number of top up doses than group A. The effect on neonatal condition manifested by APGAR score at 5 minute after delivery is similar in both groups.conclusions : 20 microgram of fentanyl added to the usual dose of local anaesthetic epidurally is safe , effective and much better than the use of epidural local anaesthetic alone.
Immunohistochemical study of HER-2 /neu in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast
Authors: Mohammad Abbas Al-Temimi Shoroq , Baqer Hussein Al-Harmooshy Maather 
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to estimate the overexpression of HER- 2\neu protein in human breast carcinoma in comparison to benign breast lesions and to show its possible correlation to the pathological parameters (histological type, grade and age). We evaluated the available tissue blocks of 50 patients with breast lesions (38 with invasive ductal carcinoma & 5 cases with fibroadenoma , 5 cases with fibrocystic disease & 2 cases with normal tissue) who had referred to Al-diwaniya Hospital between January 2007 and December 2010 All cases were female. The mean age of the patients was 55 years (range, 33 to 77 years). The tumors were grade 1, 2, and 3 in 6 (15.7%), 19 (50%), and 13 (34.3%) cases, respectively. From 38 cases of IDC , A total of 12 (31.5%) patients were positive for overexpression of HER- 2/neu oncogene and From 12 cases of non malignant cases all of them were negative for overexpression of HER- 2/neu oncogene . The positive cases was with strong positive 3+ in 21.2% and in score 1 and 2 in 5.2% . High histologic grades of the breast IDC were associated with increased expression of HER-2/neu. There were 2 cases of HER-2/neu-positive (16.6%) with a grade 1 tumor, 4 (33.4%) with grade 2, and (50%) with grade 3 (P = .002 .There was a significant difference in HER-2/neu overexpression with the invasive ductal carcinoma and but no correlation was detected between HER-2/neu overexpression and the patientâ€™s age.
Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to estimate the overexpression of HER-2\neu protein in human breast carcinoma in comparison to benign breast lesions and to show its possible correlation to the pathological parameters ( grade and age) .
Pathogenicity islands of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Abdul-Razzak Abdul-Lateef Lamees , Sabri Abdul- Razzak Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Background:- Pathogenicity islands (PAI) are located on the chromosome; however, they can also be part of bacterial plasmid and phages . PAIs were first described in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Gene encoding for hemolysin, P pili, S fimbriae have been found onvarious PAIs in different E. coli strains of UTI .
Objective:- The aim of this study to investigate the some of pathogenicity islands markers of E.coli isolated from clinical samples by using molecular primer. Patients and methods:- In a total, 12 E.coli strains were collected in this study. Strains were isolated from various clinical samples by standard bacteriological methods. PCR was conducted to determine the PAIs of the isolates by using primers papC, papG(I, II), sfa, hlyC/A , iucC and PAi. The PCR amplification product were visualized by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gels for 45min at 60v. the size of theamplicons were determined by comparison to the 100 bp allelic ladder.Results: In this study, 12 isolates of Escherichia coli were genotypically characterized by PCR assay. Among isolates studies it was found that PAi is found in only one isolates (urine). PapGI is absent from all isolates while papGII is present in ten isolates mostly in urine (n=3) andvagina(n=3), papC is present in only one isolate include urine, sfa is present only in three isolates. Also, the gene hlyC/A is present in five isolates, mostly in urine(n=3), also, these positive isolates had the ability to produce extracellular hemolysin, and aerobactein gene iucC is present in eight isolates mostly in stool(n=3) and rectal(n=3).Conclusion: Each steps in the infection process can be mediated by a number of alternative virulence factors and each strain may have a unique combination of these factors.Recommendation:- Direct molecular identification of E. coli in clinical samples.
A prospective comparison of off-flap epi-LASIK and P.R.K for correction of myopia
Authors: Kadhim Farhood Qasim 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:To compare the clinical post operative results of off-flap epi- LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (P.R.K) for the correction of myopiaMethods:In Al-Hillah teaching Hospital (Laser Unit),100 eyes of 50 patients with myopia in which off-flap epi-LASIK was done to one eye and photorefractive keratectomy (P.R.K ) was done to other eye , in epi- LASIK mechanical separation of the corneal epithelium was performed with MORIA epikeratome and alcohol assisted separation with 25 seconds application of 18% alcohol (P.R.K technique). Ablation was performed with NIDEK CXIII laser . The patients were seen daily until epithelial healing and at one, three, and six months, time to epithelial healing , haze grades and pain scales were recorded
Results:pre operative myopic spherical refraction was (-3.90 Â± 1.45 diopters ) range (-2.00 to-6.50 diopters ) , the mean time to epithelial healing was slightly longer after (P.R.K ) (4.9 Â± 0.6 days ) compared to epi-LASIK (4.20 Â± 0.56 days ). Of both techniques (P.R.K and epi-LASIK) treated eyes 94% achieved 6/6 after six months; the grades of pain and haze were nearly similar in both off-flap Epi-LASIK and P.R.KConclusions:Off-flap epi-LASIK and P.R.K offer effective correction of myopia with comparable results regarding postoperative pain and haze
The more for the less: fracture fixation tools for spine stabilization in difficult war times with analysis of modes of failure
Authors: AbdulAmeer Kitab Sameer 
Published: January 2024

Iraq witnessed major war conflicts with devastating effects on the health care system .War and aftermath consequently affected standards of spine care. Patients with different spine melodies that jeopardize spine stability or neural integrity were stabilized using fracture fixation tools, that are inexpensive and were relatively available. This report describes the current application of short and long pedicle screw-plate constructs as spine stabilizers with analysis of modes of failure . Twenty two patients with grades two and three spondylolisthesis were stabilized with short single level constructs and followed for (5.3-10) years.Four patients had screw or plate failure. Long segment constructs with two segments fixed above and two segments below the index level were applied in eleven trauma and tumor cases with instability and incomplete or impending neurologic injury that jeopardize cord function .Three patients got caudal screws failure.Patients had statistically significant improvement in radiological and patient oriented outcome measures. Attaining the right biomechanical environment is more important than actual metal for fusion success andstability.