bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study evaluating the performance of a cost-effective optical particle counter coupled with a humidity compensation approach for ambient air monitoring of particulate matter
Authors: Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Park Byeong-Gyu , Lee Sang-Woo , Park Jae-Hyung , Baek Da-Hyun , Choi In-Young , Seo Ye-Bin , Choi Jin-Woo , Kim Jo-Chun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe spatial monitoring of submicron particles has become an essential issue due to their negative effects on human health. However, the use of high-cost and high-grade measurement instruments is a challenging investment cost. Thus, a cost-effective optical particle counter (OPC), which is improved measurement quality, has become a good candidate. In this study, two cost-effective OPCs, coupled with a heated inlet tube to reduce the effect of humidity on its measurements, were applied in the field to measure ambient PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 over 1 month. Their 1-h-average and 24-h-average data were compared with those obtained from a reference-grade OPC and a beta attenuation monitor (BAM). In particular, the correlations between the measurement data obtained from them, the differences in the mean values of these data, and the relative errors were evaluated. The PM2.5 data obtained from cost-effective OPCs were comparable to those from BAM at even under high humidity conditions, except for rainy days. The data obtained from the cost-effective OPCs also showed good correlations and low relative errors (i.e., < 7%) compared to the reference-grade OPC, with no significant difference in mean values in terms of the PM2.5 and PM1 data. Although the measurement of PM10 by the cost-effective OPCs showed lower quality than PM2.5 and PM1, the relative errors were still acceptable (i.e., < 18%) compared with those in other studies. Therefore, the cost-effective OPC coupled with a heated inlet tube has the potential to serve as a real-time monitoring instrument for ambient PM2.5 and PM1.
Parametrized polyconvex hyperelasticity with physics-augmented neural networks
Authors: Klein Dominik K. , Roth Fabian J. , Valizadeh Iman , Weeger Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the present work, neural networks are applied to formulate parametrized hyperelastic constitutive models. The models fulfill all common mechanical conditions of hyperelasticity by construction. In particular, partially input convex neural network (pICNN) architectures are applied based on feed-forward neural networks. Receiving two different sets of input arguments, pICNNs are convex in one of them, while for the other, they represent arbitrary relationships which are not necessarily convex. In this way, the model can fulfill convexity conditions stemming from mechanical considerations without being too restrictive on the functional relationship in additional parameters, which may not necessarily be convex. Two different models are introduced, where one can represent arbitrary functional relationships in the additional parameters, while the other is monotonic in the additional parameters. As a first proof of concept, the model is calibrated to data generated with two differently parametrized analytical potentials, whereby three different pICNN architectures are investigated. In all cases, the proposed model shows excellent performance.
MORAL SENTIMENTS AND SELF-INTEREST IN ADAM SMITH: TWO COMMENTS
Authors: Ghosal Sayantan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study is a reconsideration of a theme, connecting The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations, namely the interplay between moral sentiments and self-interest. Two aspects of the theme are examined. The first consists of an interpretation of the so-called ‘das Adam Smith Problem’, an issue originally pointed out by nineteenth-century German scholars. The second, building on the insight of Smith on the association of shame and poverty, reports on recent research that seeks to examine how emotions impact the perception of economic interests and behaviour in marginalized groups.
Terrified or Enraged? Emotional Microfoundations of Public Counterterror Attitudes
Authors: Wayne Carly N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the widespread assumption of terrorism's “terrifying” effect, there has been little systematic testing of the specific emotional microfoundations underlying public opinion about terrorism. While fear is one well-recognized emotional response to terror threats, in societies where terrorism is rare, anger may play a more pivotal role, with distinct consequences for citizens’ downstream political attitudes. To test the impact of these emotional mechanisms on public opinion in the wake of terrorism, I employ a multi-arm mechanism experiment (n = 5,499) in the United States that manipulates both exposure to news about different types of terror attacks and the encouraged emotional response. I supplement this experimental study with observational analyses of the emotional content of social media posts in the wake of sixteen real-world terror attacks in the United States. I find that not only is anger the dominant emotional response to terrorism across both studies, but also that punitive motivations and support for retaliation are both directly shaped by experimentally induced anger after exposure to news about terrorism. These findings illuminate strategic incentives shaping militants’ use of terror tactics, electoral constraints leaders face in formulating counterterror policy, and the emotional mechanisms fueling cycles of political violence.
Climate Change Signal in Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Today and Near Future
Authors: Lee Chia‐Ying , Sobel Adam H. , Tippett Michael K. , Camargo Suzana J. , Wüest Marc , Wehner Michael , Murakami Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis manuscript discusses the challenges in detecting and attributing recently observed trends in the Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) and the epistemic uncertainty we face in assessing future risk. We use synthetic storms downscaled from five CMIP5 models by the Columbia HAZard model (CHAZ), and directly simulated storms from high‐resolution climate models. We examine three aspects of recent TC activity: the upward trend and multi‐decadal oscillation of the annual frequency, the increase in storm wind intensity, and the decrease in forward speed. Some data sets suggest that these trends and oscillation are forced while others suggest that they can be explained by natural variability. Projections under warming climate scenarios also show a wide range of possibilities, especially for the annual frequencies, which increase or decrease depending on the choice of moisture variable used in the CHAZ model and on the choice of climate model. The uncertainties in the annual frequency lead to epistemic uncertainties in TC risk assessment. Here, we investigate the potential for reduction of these epistemic uncertainties through a statistical practice, namely likelihood analysis. We find that historical observations are more consistent with the simulations with increasing frequency than those with decreasing frequency, but we are not able to rule out the latter. We argue that the most rational way to treat epistemic uncertainty is to consider all outcomes contained in the results. In the context of risk assessment, since the results contain possible outcomes in which TC risk is increasing, this view implies that the risk is increasing.
Probabilistic Source Classification of Large Tephra Producing Eruptions Using Supervised Machine Learning: An Example From the Alaska‐Aleutian Arc
Authors: Lubbers Jordan , Loewen Matthew , Wallace Kristi , Coombs Michelle , Addison Jason 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlaska contains over 130 volcanoes and volcanic fields that have been active within the last 2 million years. Of these, roughly 90 have erupted during the Holocene, with many characterized by at least one large explosive eruption. These large tephra‐producing eruptions (LTPEs) generate orders of magnitude more erupted material than a “typical” arc explosive eruption and distribute ash thousands of kilometers from their source. Because LTPEs occur infrequently, and the proximal explosive deposit record in Alaska is generally limited to the Holocene, we require a method that links distal deposits to a source volcano where the correlative proximal deposits from that eruption are no longer preserved. We present a model that accurately and confidently identifies LTPE volcanic sources in the Alaska‐Aleutian arc using only in situ geochemistry. The model is a voting ensemble classifier comprised of six conceptually different machine learning algorithms trained on proximal tephra deposits that have had their source positively identified. We show that incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., Nb/U, Th/La, Rb/Sm) help produce a feature space that contains significantly more variance than one produced by major element concentrations, ultimately creating a model that can achieve high accuracy, precision, and recall on predicted volcanic sources, regardless of the perceived 2D data distribution (i.e., bimodal, uniform, normal) or composition (i.e., andesite, trachyte, rhyolite) of that source. Finally, we apply our model to unidentified distal marine tephra deposits in the region to better understand explosive volcanism in the Alaska‐Aleutian arc, specifically its pre‐Holocene spatiotemporal distribution.
Evidence of Topographic Change Recorded by Lava Flows at Atete and Aruru Coronae on Venus
Authors: Tucker Wesley S. , Dombard Andrew J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoronae are quasi‐circular volcano‐tectonic features on Venus. Four critical observations have been identified within the coronae population, including fracture annuli, a wide range of diameters, complex and varied topography, and various types of associated volcanic features. Geophysical models have attempted to replicate their formation from a variety of lithospheric processes but struggle to recreate all four of the critical observations. Volcanism is an often overlooked characteristic in corona formation models. Paleotopographic techniques are applied to lava flows associated with Atete Corona and Aruru Corona in the Beta‐Atla‐Themis region to investigate post‐emplacement changes in topography. Our results indicate marked divergence between lava flow orientation and the modern slope within the fracture annuli of the coronae. Intra‐annular flows at Atete Corona were emplaced on a surface that was reoriented by up to ∼180°. Intra‐annular flows at Aruru Corona were emplaced on a surface that was reoriented between 90° and 145°. Lava flows on the flanks of both coronae diverge less than those within the fractures. This finding suggests a progression of volcanism that starts at the interior of the corona and migrates outward to the fracture annuli. The role of volcanism, both intrusive and extrusive, is likely to play a more substantial role in the corona formation. Incorporating melt migration into geophysical models could significantly enhance our comprehension of the processes underlying the formation of coronae.
Aerosol delivery of SARS-CoV-2 human monoclonal antibodies in macaques limits viral replication and lung pathology
Authors: Streblow Daniel N. , Hirsch Alec J. , Stanton Jeffrey J. , Lewis Anne D. , Colgin Lois , Hessell Ann J. , Kreklywich Craig N. , Smith Jessica L. , Sutton William F. , Chauvin David , Woo Jennifer , Bimber Benjamin N. , LeBlanc Cierra N. , Acharya Sonia N. , O’Roak Brian J. , Sardar Harjinder , Sajadi Mohammad M. , Tehrani Zahra R. , Walter Mark R. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Kobie James J. , Reader Rachel J. , Olstad Katherine J. , Hobbs Theodore R. , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Schendel Sharon L. , Carnahan Robert H. , Knoch Jonas , Branco Luis M. , Crowe James E. , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Lovalenti Phillip , Vu Truong  , Forthal Donald N. , Haigwood Nancy L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPassively administered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) given before or after viral infection can prevent or blunt disease. Here, we examine the efficacy of aerosol mAb delivery to prevent infection and disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant via intranasal and intratracheal routes. SARS-CoV-2 human mAbs or a human mAb directed to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are nebulized and delivered using positive airflow via facemask to sedated macaques pre- and post-infection. Nebulized human mAbs are detectable in nasal, oropharyngeal, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. SARS-CoV-2 mAb treatment significantly reduces levels of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and infectious virus in the upper and lower respiratory tracts relative to controls. Reductions in lung and BAL virus levels correspond to reduced BAL inflammatory cytokines and lung pathology. Aerosolized antibody therapy for SARS-CoV-2 could be effective for reducing viral burden and limiting disease severity.
Spontaneous shock waves in pulse-stimulated flocks of Quincke rollers
Authors: Zhang Bo , Glatz Andreas , Aranson Igor S. , Snezhko Alexey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractActive matter demonstrates complex spatiotemporal self-organization not accessible at equilibrium and the emergence of collective behavior. Fluids comprised of microscopic Quincke rollers represent a popular realization of synthetic active matter. Temporal activity modulations, realized by modulated external electric fields, represent an effective tool to expand the variety of accessible dynamic states in active ensembles. Here, we report on the emergence of shockwave patterns composed of coherently moving particles energized by a pulsed electric field. The shockwaves emerge spontaneously and move faster than the average particle speed. Combining experiments, theory, and simulations, we demonstrate that the shockwaves originate from intermittent spontaneous vortex cores due to a vortex meandering instability. They occur when the rollers’ translational and rotational decoherence times, regulated by the electric pulse durations, become comparable. The phenomenon does not rely on the presence of confinement, and multiple shock waves continuously arise and vanish in the system.
Immunological and clinicopathological features predict HER2-positive breast cancer prognosis in the neoadjuvant NeoALTTO and CALGB 40601 randomized trials
Authors: Rediti Mattia , Fernandez-Martinez Aranzazu , Venet David , Rothé Françoise , Hoadley Katherine A. , Parker Joel S. , Singh Baljit , Campbell Jordan D. , Ballman Karla V. , Hillman David W. , Winer Eric P. , El-Abed Sarra , Piccart Martine , Di Cosimo Serena , Symmans William Fraser , Krop Ian E. , Salgado Roberto , Loi Sherene , Pusztai Lajos , Perou Charles M. , Carey Lisa A. , Sotiriou Christos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe identification of prognostic markers in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy is crucial for treatment optimization in HER2-positive breast cancer, with the immune microenvironment being a key factor. Here, we investigate the complexity of B and T cell receptor (BCR and TCR) repertoires in the context of two phase III trials, NeoALTTO and CALGB 40601, evaluating neoadjuvant paclitaxel with trastuzumab and/or lapatinib in women with HER2-positive breast cancer. BCR features, particularly the number of reads and clones, evenness and Gini index, are heterogeneous according to hormone receptor status and PAM50 subtypes. Moreover, BCR measures describing clonal expansion, namely evenness and Gini index, are independent prognostic factors. We present a model developed in NeoALTTO and validated in CALGB 40601 that can predict event-free survival (EFS) by integrating hormone receptor and clinical nodal status, breast pathological complete response (pCR), stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels (%) and BCR repertoire evenness. A prognostic score derived from the model and including those variables, HER2-EveNT, allows the identification of patients with 5-year EFS > 90%, and, in those not achieving pCR, of a subgroup of immune-enriched tumors with an excellent outcome despite residual disease.
Development of mesothelioma-specific oncolytic immunotherapy enabled by immunopeptidomics of murine and human mesothelioma tumors
Authors: Chiaro Jacopo , Antignani Gabriella , Feola Sara , Feodoroff Michaela , Martins Beatriz , Cojoc Hanne , Russo Salvatore , Fusciello Manlio , Hamdan Firas , Ferrari Valentina , Ciampi Daniele , Ilonen Ilkka , Räsänen Jari , Mäyränpää Mikko , Partanen Jukka , Koskela Satu , Honkanen Jarno , Halonen Jussi , Kuryk Lukasz , Rescigno Maria , Grönholm Mikaela , Branca Rui M. , Lehtiö Janne , Cerullo Vincenzo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. As the available therapeutic options show a lack of efficacy, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Given its T-cell infiltration, we hypothesized that MPM is a suitable target for therapeutic cancer vaccination. To date, research on mesothelioma has focused on the identification of molecular signatures to better classify and characterize the disease, and little is known about therapeutic targets that engage cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells. In this study we investigate the immunopeptidomic antigen-presented landscape of MPM in both murine (AB12 cell line) and human cell lines (H28, MSTO-211H, H2452, and JL1), as well as in patients’ primary tumors. Applying state-of-the-art immuno-affinity purification methodologies, we identify MHC I-restricted peptides presented on the surface of malignant cells. We characterize in vitro the immunogenicity profile of the eluted peptides using T cells from human healthy donors and cancer patients. Furthermore, we use the most promising peptides to formulate an oncolytic virus-based precision immunotherapy (PeptiCRAd) and test its efficacy in a mouse model of mesothelioma in female mice. Overall, we demonstrate that the use of immunopeptidomic analysis in combination with oncolytic immunotherapy represents a feasible and effective strategy to tackle untreatable tumors.
Diagnostic and commensal Staphylococcus pseudintermedius genomes reveal niche adaptation through parallel selection of defense mechanisms
Authors: Sawhney Sanjam S. , Vargas Rhiannon C. , Wallace Meghan A. , Muenks Carol E. , Lubbers Brian V. , Fritz Stephanie A. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dantas Gautam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is historically understood as a prevalent commensal and pathogen of dogs, though modern clinical diagnostics reveal an expanded host-range that includes humans. It remains unclear whether differentiation across S. pseudintermedius populations is driven primarily by niche-type or host-species. We sequenced 501 diagnostic and commensal isolates from a hospital, veterinary diagnostic laboratory, and within households in the American Midwest, and performed a comparative genomics investigation contrasting human diagnostic, animal diagnostic, human colonizing, pet colonizing, and household-surface S. pseudintermedius isolates. Though indistinguishable by core and accessory gene architecture, diagnostic isolates harbor more encoded and phenotypic resistance, whereas colonizing and surface isolates harbor similar CRISPR defense systems likely reflective of common household phage exposures. Furthermore, household isolates that persist through anti-staphylococcal decolonization report elevated rates of base-changing mutations in – and parallel evolution of – defense genes, as well as reductions in oxacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility. Together we report parallel niche-specific bolstering of S. pseudintermedius defense mechanisms through gene acquisition or mutation.
Distinct spin and orbital dynamics in Sr2RuO4
Authors: Suzuki H. , Wang L. , Bertinshaw J. , Strand H. U. R. , Käser S. , Krautloher M. , Yang Z. , Wentzell N. , Parcollet O. , Jerzembeck F. , Kikugawa N. , Mackenzie A. P. , Georges A. , Hansmann P. , Gretarsson H. , Keimer B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 has long served as a benchmark for theories of correlated-electron materials. The determination of the superconducting pairing mechanism requires detailed experimental information on collective bosonic excitations as potential mediators of Cooper pairing. We have used Ru L3-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to obtain comprehensive maps of the electronic excitations of Sr2RuO4 over the entire Brillouin zone. We observe multiple branches of dispersive spin and orbital excitations associated with distinctly different energy scales. The spin and orbital dynamical response functions calculated within the dynamical mean-field theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Our results highlight the Hund metal nature of Sr2RuO4 and provide key information for the understanding of its unconventional superconductivity.
Multiple parallel origins of parasitic Marine Alveolates
Authors: Holt Corey C. , Hehenberger Elisabeth , Tikhonenkov Denis V. , Jacko-Reynolds Victoria K. L. , Okamoto Noriko , Cooney Elizabeth C. , Irwin Nicholas A. T. , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrobial eukaryotes are important components of marine ecosystems, and the Marine Alveolates (MALVs) are consistently both abundant and diverse in global environmental sequencing surveys. MALVs are dinoflagellates that are thought to be parasites of other protists and animals, but the lack of data beyond ribosomal RNA gene sequences from all but a few described species means much of their biology and evolution remain unknown. Using single-cell transcriptomes from several MALVs and their free-living relatives, we show that MALVs evolved independently from two distinct, free-living ancestors and that their parasitism evolved in parallel. Phylogenomics shows one subgroup (MALV-II and -IV, or Syndiniales) is related to a novel lineage of free-living, eukaryovorous predators, the eleftherids, while the other (MALV-I, or Ichthyodinida) is related to the free-living predator Oxyrrhis and retains proteins targeted to a non-photosynthetic plastid. Reconstructing the evolution of photosynthesis, plastids, and parasitism in early-diverging dinoflagellates shows a number of parallels with the evolution of their apicomplexan sisters. In both groups, similar forms of parasitism evolved multiple times and photosynthesis was lost many times. By contrast, complete loss of the plastid organelle is infrequent and, when this does happen, leaves no residual genes.
Regulation of eDHFR-tagged proteins with trimethoprim PROTACs
Authors: Etersque Jean M. , Lee Iris K. , Sharma Nitika , Xu Kexiang , Ruff Andrew , Northrup Justin D. , Sarkar Swarbhanu , Nguyen Tommy , Lauman Richard , Burslem George M. , Sellmyer Mark A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTemporal control of protein levels in cells and living animals can be used to improve our understanding of protein function. In addition, control of engineered proteins could be used in therapeutic applications. PRoteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a small-molecule-driven strategy to achieve rapid, post-translational regulation of protein abundance via recruitment of an E3 ligase to the target protein of interest. Here, we develop several PROTAC molecules by covalently linking the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP) to pomalidomide, a ligand for the E3 ligase, Cereblon. These molecules induce degradation of proteins of interest (POIs) genetically fused to a small protein domain, E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR), the molecular target of TMP. We show that various eDHFR-tagged proteins can be robustly degraded to 95% of maximum expression with PROTAC molecule 7c. Moreover, TMP-based PROTACs minimally affect the expression of immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD)-sensitive neosubstrates using proteomic and biochemical assays. Finally, we show multiplexed regulation with another known degron-PROTAC pair, as well as reversible protein regulation in a rodent model of metastatic cancer, demonstrating the formidable strength of this system. Altogether, TMP PROTACs are a robust approach for selective and reversible degradation of eDHFR-tagged proteins in vitro and in vivo.