bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child with Acute Neurological Emergency
Authors: Mertiri Livja , Rossi Andrea , Huisman Laura M. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChildren with acute neurological emergencies present to the ER with a wide spectrum of symptoms and signs. Neuroimaging plays an important role because of limitations such as gathering an accurate patient history and difficulties in performing a detailed neurological examination in the ER, particularly in young patients. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the neuroimaging findings of the most frequent causes of acute emergencies in children, as well as of some less frequently encountered entities.
Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Schaefer Pamela W. , Edjlali Myriam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpontaneous ICH is usually intraparenchymal or subarachnoid in location. Intraparenchymal hemorrhages, encompassing lobar or centrally located hematomas, have diverse underlying causes, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy, characterized by lobar hemorrhage, being the most common. Hypertension is the second most common cause with a predilection for the basal ganglia, pons, and cerebellum. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is linked to aneurysm rupture in 85% of cases. Other relatively common causes of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage include hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic infarction, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulas, venous sinus thrombosis, cavernous malformations, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, coagulopathy, and underlying tumors.Computed tomography followed by CT angiography is used for initial assessment of spontaneous ICH. However, MRI is more sensitive than CT for the detection of ICH and plays an important role in their etiology characterization. In this paper, the authors present a logical approach to imaging spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage including identifying prognostic factors, determining etiology, and establishing treatment.
Dysregulated palmitic acid metabolism promotes the formation of renal calcium-oxalate stones through ferroptosis induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids/phosphatidic acid
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhang Jingdong , Ren Haotian , Qi Shiyong , Xie Linguo , Xie Haijie , Shang Zhiqun , Liu Chunyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe pathogenesis of renal calcium-oxalate (CaOx) stones is complex and influenced by various metabolic factors. In parallel, palmitic acid (PA) has been identified as an upregulated lipid metabolite in the urine and serum of patients with renal CaOx stones via untargeted metabolomics. Thus, this study aimed to mechanistically assess whether PA is involved in stone formation. Lipidomics analysis of PA-treated renal tubular epithelial cells compared with the control samples revealed that α-linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were desaturated and elongated, resulting in the formation of downstream polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In correlation, the levels of fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2 (FADS1 and FADS2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in these cells treated with PA were increased relative to the control levels, suggesting that PA-induced upregulation of PPARα, which in turn upregulated these two enzymes, forming the observed PUFAs. Lipid peroxidation occurred in these downstream PUFAs under oxidative stress and Fenton Reaction. Furthermore, transcriptomics analysis revealed significant changes in the expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes in PA-treated renal tubular epithelial cells, induced by PUFA peroxides. In addition, phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1) formed a complex with 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) to exacerbate PUFA peroxidation under protein kinase C ζ (PKC ζ) phosphorylation, and PKC ζ was activated by phosphatidic acid derived from PA. In conclusion, this study found that the formation of renal CaOx stones is promoted by ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells resulting from PA-induced dysregulation of PUFA and phosphatidic acid metabolism, and PA can promote the renal adhesion and deposition of CaOx crystals by injuring renal tubular epithelial cells, consequently upregulating adhesion molecules. Accordingly, this study provides a new theoretical basis for understanding the correlation between fatty acid metabolism and the formation of renal CaOx stones, offering potential targets for clinical applications.
Septische Kardiomyopathie – Diagnostik und Schweregradabschätzung
Authors: Müller-Werdan Ursula , Vogt Alexander , Werdan Karl 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die septische Kardiomyopathie (sKM) wird in ihrer Relevanz häufig unterschätzt. Die Unterschätzung basiert auf der komplexen Schädigung des Herzens und der Schwierigkeit, den Schweregrad der Funktionseinschränkung zu quantifizieren.

Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung der methodischen Möglichkeiten zur Diagnosestellung und Schweregradquantifizierung der sKM.

Methodik
Literatursichtung und Analyse der wesentlichen Ergebnisse.

Ergebnisse
Die sKM ist charakterisiert sowohl durch eine systolische als auch diastolische Funktionsstörung nicht nur des linken, sondern auch des rechten Ventrikels sowie durch eine Sinustachykardiomyopathie (≥ 90–95 Schläge/min) variablen Ausmaßes. „Sepsis-related organ failure assessment“ (SOFA)Score, linksventrikuläre Auswurffraktion (LVEF), EKG und kardiale Biomarker sind zur Schweregradquantifizierung nicht hilfreich. Erforderlich dazu ist entweder eine „komplexe“ Echokardiographiediagnostik oder die Bestimmung globaler Herzfunktionsparameter, die die Nachlastabhängigkeit des Herzzeitvolumens (HZV) bei der ausgeprägten Vasodilatation in der Sepsis und im septischen Schock berücksichtigen. Ein entsprechender, mittels HZV-Messung zu ermittelnder Parameter ist „afterload-related cardiac performance“ (ACP), der den Prozentsatz des HZV des Sepsispatienten bei dem jeweiligen Gefäßwiderstand in Relation zum HZV eines gesunden Herzens angibt. Die ACP-Bestimmung zeigt, dass mindestens jeder zweite Sepsispatient eine Herzfunktionseinschränkung aufweist und dass diese mit zunehmendem Schweregrad die Sterblichkeit erhöht.

Diskussion
Einfache Parameter wie die LVEF sind zur Diagnostik und Schweregradklassifizierung der sKM nicht hilfreich. Dazu sind entweder „komplexe“ Echokardiographiemessungen oder – am besten validiert – die ACP-Bestimmung geeignet.
A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene regulating root morphology
Authors: Zeng Deying , Ford Brett , Doležel Jaroslav , Karafiátová Miroslava , Hayden Mathew J. , Rathjen Tina M. , George Timothy S. , Brown Lawrie K. , Ryan Peter R. , Pettolino Filomena A. , Mathesius Ulrike , Delhaize Emmanuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Key message
Characterisation and genetic mapping of a key gene defining root morphology in bread wheat.

Abstract
Root morphology is central to plants for the efficient uptake up of soil water and mineral nutrients. Here we describe a conditional mutant of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that when grown in soil with high Ca2+ develops a larger rhizosheath accompanied with shorter roots than the wild type. In wheat, rhizosheath size is a reliable surrogate for root hair length and this was verified in the mutant which possessed longer root hairs than the wild type when grown in high Ca2+ soil. We named the mutant Stumpy and showed it to be due to a single semi-dominant mutation. The short root phenotype at high Ca2+ was due to reduced cellular elongation which might also explain the long root hair phenotype. Analysis of root cell walls showed that the polysaccharide composition of Stumpy roots is remodelled when grown at non-permissive (high) Ca2+ concentrations. The mutation mapped to chromosome 7B and sequencing of the 7B chromosomes in both wild type and Stumpy identified a candidate gene underlying the Stumpy mutation. As part of the process to determine whether the candidate gene was causative, we identified wheat lines in a Cadenza TILLING population with large rhizosheaths but accompanied with normal root length. This finding illustrates the potential of manipulating the gene to disconnect root length from root hair length as a means of developing wheat lines with improved efficiency of nutrient and water uptake. The Stumpy mutant will be valuable for understanding the mechanisms that regulate root morphology in wheat.
Household energy poverty and trajectories of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents: findings from two prospective cohort studies
Authors: O Driscoll David J. , Kiely Elizabeth , O’Keeffe Linda M. , Khashan Ali S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to examine the association between household energy poverty (EP) and trajectories of emotional and behavioural difficulties during childhood.

Methods
The Growing up in Ireland study is two nationally representative prospective cohorts of children. The Infant Cohort (n = 11,134) were recruited at age 9 months (9 m) and followed up at 3, 5, 7 and 9 years (y). The Child Cohort (n = 8,538) were recruited at age 9 y and followed up at 13 y and 17/18 y. EP was a composite of two relative measures of EP. Emotional and behavioural difficulties were repeatedly measured using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Linear spline multilevel models were used, adjusted for confounders to examine the association between (1) EP (9 m or 3 y) and trajectories of emotional and behavioural difficulties from 3 to 9 y in the Infant Cohort and (2) EP at 9 y and the same trajectories from 9 to 18 y in the Child Cohort.

Results
In adjusted analyses, EP at 9 m or 3 y of age was associated with higher total difficulties score at 3 y (0.66, 95% CI 0.41, 0.91) and 5 y (0.77, 95% CI 0.48, 1.05) but not at 7 y or 9 y. EP at 9 y was associated with higher total difficulties score at 9 y (1.73, 95% CI 1.28, 2.18), with this difference reducing over time leading to 0.68 (95% CI 0.19, 1.17) at 17/18 y.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates a potential association between early life EP and emotional and behavioural difficulties that may be transient and attenuate over time during childhood. Further studies are required to replicate these findings and to better understand if these associations are causal.
Thermodynamically extended symplectic numerical simulation of viscoelastic, thermal expansion and heat conduction phenomena in solids
Authors: Takács Donát M. , Pozsár Áron , Fülöp Tamás 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSymplectic numerical schemes for reversible dynamical systems predict the solution reliably over large times as well, and are a good starting point for extension to schemes for simulating irreversible situations like viscoelastic wave propagation and heat conduction coupled via thermal expansion occuring in rocks, plastics, biological samples etc. Dissipation error (artificial nonpreservation of energies and amplitudes) of the numerical solution should be as small as possible since it should not be confused with the real dissipation occurring in the irreversible system. In addition, the other well-known numerical artefact, dispersion error (artificial oscillations emerging at sharp changes), should also be minimal to avoid confusion with the true wavy behavior. The continuum thermodynamical aspects (respect for balances with fluxes, systematic constitutive relationships between intensive quantities and fluxes, the second law of thermodynamics with positive definite entropy production, and the spacetime-based kinematic viewpoint) prove valuable for obtaining such extended schemes and for monitoring the solutions. Generalizing earlier works in this direction, here, we establish and investigate such a numerical scheme for one-dimensional viscoelastic wave propagation in the presence of heat conduction coupled via thermal expansion, demonstrating long-term reliability and the applicability of thermodynamics-based quantities in supervising the quality of the solution.
Parabolic John–Nirenberg spaces with time lag
Authors: Myyryläinen Kim , Yang Dachun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe introduce a parabolic version of the so-called John–Nirenberg space that is a generalization of functions of parabolic bounded mean oscillation. Parabolic John–Nirenberg inequalities, which give weak type estimates for the oscillation of a function, are shown in the setting of the parabolic geometry with a time lag. Our arguments are based on a parabolic Calderón–Zygmund decomposition and a good lambda estimate. Chaining arguments are applied to change the time lag in the parabolic John–Nirenberg inequality.
Decay of Multi-point Correlation Functions in $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$
Authors: Han Rui , Yang Fan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove multi-point correlation bounds in $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$

Z

d

for arbitrary $$d\ge 1$$

d
≥
1

with symmetrized distances, answering open questions proposed by Sims–Warzel (Commun Math Phys 347(3):903–931, 2016) and Aza–Bru–Siqueira Pedra (Commun Math Phys 360(2):715–726, 2018). As applications, we prove multi-point correlation bounds for the Ising model on $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$

Z

d

, and multi-point dynamical localization in expectation for uniformly localized disordered systems, which provides the first examples of this conjectured phenomenon by Bravyi–König (Commun Math Phys 316(3):641–692, 2012) .
The Relationship Among Probable SARCopenia, Osteoporosis and SuprasPinatus Tendon Tears in Postmenopausal Women: The SARCOSP Study
Authors: Kara Murat , Kara Özgür , Durmuş Mahmut Esad , Analay Pelin , Şener Fatıma Edibe , Çıtır Beyza Nur , Korkmaz Gizem Olgu , Ünlü Zeliha , Tiftik Tülay , Gürçay Eda , Mülkoğlu Cevriye , Yalçınkaya Berkay , Bağcıer Fatih , Aksakal Mahmud Fazıl , Erdoğan Kübra , Sertçelik Ahmet , Çakır Banu , Kaymak Bayram , Özçakar Levent 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the relationship among probable sarcopenia, osteoporosis (OP) and supraspinatus tendon (SSP) tears in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women screened/followed for OP were recruited. Demographic data, comorbidities, exercise/smoking status, and handgrip strength values were recorded. Probable sarcopenia was diagnosed as handgrip strength values < 20 kg. Achilles and SSP thicknesses were measured using ultrasound. Among 1443 postmenopausal women, 268 (18.6%) subjects had SSP tears. Unilateral tears were on the dominant side in 146 (10.1%) and on the non-dominant side in 55 women (3.8%). In contrast to those without, women with SSP tears had older age, lower level of education, thinner SSP and lower grip strength (all p < 0.05). In addition, they had higher frequencies of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, DM, OP and probable sarcopenia, but lower exercise frequency (all p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression modeling revealed that age [odds ratio (OR): 1.046 (1.024–1.067 95% CI)], hypertension [OR: 1.560 (1.145–2.124 95% CI)], OP [OR: 1.371 (1.022–1.839 95% CI)] and probable sarcopenia [OR: 1.386 (1.031–1.861 95% CI)] were significant predictors for SSP tears (all p < 0.05). This study showed that age, presence of hypertension, probable sarcopenia and OP were related with SSP tears in postmenopausal women. To this end, although OP appeared to be related to SSP tears, SSP tear/thickness evaluation can be recommended for OP patients, especially those who have other risk factors such as older age, higher BMI, hypertension, and probable sarcopenia.
COVID-19 and pregnancy: A European study on pre- and post-infection medication use
Authors: Hurley Eimir , Geisler Benjamin P. , Lupattelli Angela , Poblador-Plou Beatriz , Lassalle Régis , Jové Jérémy , Bernard Marie-Agnes , Sakr Dunia , Sanfélix-Gimeno Gabriel , Sánchez-Saez Francisco , Rodríguez-Bernal Clara L. , Sabaté Mònica , Ballarín Elena , Aguilera Cristina , Jordan Sue , Thayer Daniel , Farr Ian , Ahmed Saira , Bartolini Claudia , Limoncella Giorgio , Paoletti Olga , Gini Rosa , Maglanoc Luigi A. , Dudukina Elena , Ehrenstein Vera , Alsina Ema , Vaz Tiago A. , Riera-Arnau Judit , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. , Nordeng Hedvig M. E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted medication needs and prescribing practices, including those affecting pregnant women. Our goal was to investigate patterns of medication use among pregnant women with COVID-19, focusing on variations by trimester of infection and location.

Methods
We conducted an observational study using six electronic healthcare databases from six European regions (Aragon/Spain; France; Norway; Tuscany, Italy; Valencia/Spain; and Wales/UK). The prevalence of primary care prescribing or dispensing was compared in the 30-day periods before and after a positive COVID-19 test or diagnosis.

Results
The study included 294,126 pregnant women, of whom 8943 (3.0%) tested positive for, or were diagnosed with, COVID-19 during their pregnancy. A significantly higher use of antithrombotic medications was observed particularly after COVID-19 infection in the second and third trimesters. The highest increase was observed in the Valencia region where use of antithrombotic medications in the third trimester increased from 3.8% before COVID-19 to 61.9% after the infection. Increases in other countries were lower; for example, in Norway, the prevalence of antithrombotic medication use changed from around 1–2% before to around 6% after COVID-19 in the third trimester. Smaller and less consistent increases were observed in the use of other drug classes, such as antimicrobials and systemic corticosteroids.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the substantial impact of COVID-19 on primary care medication use among pregnant women, with a marked increase in the use of antithrombotic medications post-COVID-19. These results underscore the need for further research to understand the broader implications of these patterns on maternal and neonatal/fetal health outcomes.
Primary anterior cruciate ligament repair—morphological and quantitative assessment by 7-T MRI and clinical outcome after 1.5 years
Authors: Pachowsky Milena L. , Söllner Stefan , Gelse Kolja , Sambale Jannik , Nagel Armin M. , Schett Georg , Saake Marc , Uder Michael , Roemer Frank W. , Heiss Rafael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess morphological and quantitative changes of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and cartilage after ACL repair.

Methods
7T MRI of the knee was acquired in 31 patients 1.5 years after ACL repair and in 13 controls. Proton density-weighted images with fat saturation (PD-fs) were acquired to assess ACL width, signal intensity, elongation, and fraying. T2/T2* mapping was performed for assessment of ACL and cartilage. Segmentation of the ACL, femoral, and tibial cartilage was carried out at 12 ROIs. The outcome evaluation consisted of the Lysholm Knee Score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and clinical examination.

Results
ACL showed a normal signal intensity in 96.8% and an increased width in 76.5% after repair. Fraying occurred in 22.6% without having an impact on the clinical outcome (Lysholm score: 90.39 ± 9.75, p = 0.76 compared to controls). T2 analysis of the ACL revealed no difference between patients and controls (p = 0.74). Compared to controls, assessment of the femoral and tibial cartilage showed a significant increase of T2* times in all ROIs, except at the posterolateral femur. Patients presented a good outcome in clinical examination with a Lysholm score of 87.19 ± 14.89 and IKDC of 80.23 ± 16.84.

Conclusion
T2 mapping results suggest that the tissue composition of the ACL after repair is similar to that of a native ACL after surgery, whereas the ACL exhibits an increased width. Fraying of the ACL can occur without having any impact on functional outcomes. T2* analysis revealed early degradation at the cartilage.

Clinical relevance statement
MRI represents a noninvasive diagnostic tool for the morphological and compositional assessment of the anterior cruciate ligament after repair, whereas knowledge about post-surgical alterations is crucial for adequate imaging interpretation.

Key Points
• There has been renewed interest in repairing the anterior cruciate ligament with a proximally torn ligament.
• T2 times of the anterior cruciate ligament do not differ between anterior cruciate ligament repair patients and controls.
• T2 mapping may serve as a surrogate for the evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament after repair.
The contribution of β-amyloid, Tau and α-synuclein to blood–brain barrier damage in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Wu Ying-Chieh , Bogale Tizibt Ashine , Koistinaho Jari , Pizzi Marina , Rolova Taisia , Bellucci Arianna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) accumulation of fibrillary deposits made of Amyloidβ(Aβ), hyperphosphorylated Tau orα-synuclein (α-syn), present either alone or in the form of mixed pathology, characterizes the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) as well as the aging brain. Compelling evidence supports that acute neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, are also accompanied by increased deposition of toxic Aβ, Tau andα-syn species. While the contribution of these pathological proteins to neurodegeneration has been experimentally ascertained, the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving Aβ, Tau andα-syn-related brain damage remain to be fully clarified. In the last few years, studies have shown that Aβ, Tau andα-syn may contribute to neurodegeneration also by inducing and/or promoting blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. These pathological proteins can affect BBB integrity either directly by affecting key BBB components such as pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) or indirectly, by promoting brain macrophages activation and dysfunction. Here, we summarize and critically discuss key findings showing how Aβ, Tau andα-syn can contribute to BBB damage in most common NDDs, TBI and stroke. We also highlight the need for a deeper characterization of the role of these pathological proteins in the activation and dysfunction of brain macrophages, pericytes and ECs to improve diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders.