bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco smoking and risk for periodontal disease
Authors: Bergström Jan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: The magnitude of risk for periodontal disease associated with smoking was investigated by exploring the interrelationships between definition of disease, prevalence and relative risk in a population of dentally aware individuals.Materials and Methods: A total of 133 smokers and 242 non‐smokers in the age range 20–69 years served as the database. Criteria based on clinical probing of pocket depth and radiographic measurement of bone height were used for the purpose of disease definition. Various pocket frequency cutoff points for two probing depth levels, 5 and 6 mm, and, in addition, the 30th, 25th, and 20th percentiles of the bone height distribution were alternately selected as criteria.Results: Disease definition had an impact on the prevalence, and the relative risk varied as a function of the prevalence. For a broad definition of disease such as 1% of pockets 5 mm, the prevalence for smokers was approximately twice the prevalence for non‐smokers and the odds ratio (OR) was 3.0. A narrower definition such as 15% of pockets 5 mm resulted in decreased prevalences for both smokers and non‐smokers and an OR of 12.1. Increasing exposures correlated with greater magnitudes of risk. Heavy exposure was associated with greater risk than light exposure. For the combination of a narrow disease definition and heavy exposure, the relative risk was considerable (OR 9.8–20.3).Conclusion: Smoking‐associated relative risk is dependent on definition of disease and prevalence. Given other factors, a narrow definition will result in a low prevalence and a high risk and, vice versa, for a broader definition, prevalence will be high and the risk moderate.
Clinical evaluation of an Er:YAG laser combined with scaling and root planing for non‐surgical periodontal treatment
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Sculean Anton , Berakdar Mohammad , Georg Thomas , Reich Elmar , Becker Jürgen 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the present controlled clinical trial was to compare the treatment of advanced periodontal disease with a combination of an Er:YAG laser (KEY II®, KaVo, Germany) and scaling and root planing with hand instruments (SRP) to laser alone.Material and methods: Twenty healthy patients with moderate to advanced periodontal destruction were randomly treated in a split‐mouth design with a combination of an Er:YAG laser and SRP (test) or with laser (control) alone. The used energy setting for laser treatment was 160 mJ/pulse at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Prior to treatment and 3, 6 and 12 months later the following parameters were evaluated by a blinded examiner: Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival plaque samples were taken at each appointment and analysed using darkfield microscopy for the presence of cocci,‐non‐motile rods, motile rods and spirochetes. No statistical significant differences in any of the investigated parameters between both groups were observed at baseline.Results: Initially, the plaque index was 1.0 ± 0.6 in both groups. At the 3‐month examination the plaque scores were markedly reduced and remained low throughout the study. A significant reduction of the GI and BOP occurred in both groups after 3, 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). The mean PD decreased in the test group from 5.2 ± 0.8 mm at baseline to 3.2 ± 0.8 mm after 12 months (P < 0.05) and in the control group from 5.0 ± 0.7 mm at baseline to 3.3 ± 0.7 mm after 12 months (P < 0.05). The mean CAL decreased in the test group from 6.9 ± 1.0 mm at baseline to 5.3 ± 1.0 mm after 12 months (P < 0.05) and in the control group from 6.6 ± 1.1 mm at baseline to 5.0 ± 0.7 after 12 months (P < 0.05). Both groups showed a significant increase of cocci and‐non‐motile rods and a decrease in the amount of motile rods and spirochetes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present results have indicated that: (i) non‐surgical periodontal therapy with both an Er:YAG laser + SRP and an Er:YAG laser alone may lead to significant improvements in all clinical parameters investigated, and (ii) the combined treatment Er:YAG laser + SRP did not seem to additionally improve the outcome of the therapy compared to Er:YAG laser alone.
Effect of contact media on the diagnostic quality of electrical resistance measurements for occlusal caries
Authors: Mosahebi Negin , Ricketts David Nigel James 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Electrical resistance measurements have been used for the diagnosis of occlusal caries. Both site and surface‐specific techniques have been described, the latter more suited to clinical trials or epidemiological surveys. For surface‐specific measurements the tooth is dried and a contact medium drawn along the fissure pattern to provide an electrical contact between a probe tip and the tooth surface.Objectives: Different contact media have been used and it was the aim of this study to investigate whether different contact media could influence the diagnostic accuracy and repeatability of surface‐specific electrical resistance measurements.Methods: Electrical resistance readings were taken on 99 molar teeth using saline, KY jelly, toothpaste or dental prophylaxis paste. Readings were repeated on 44 randomly selected teeth. The teeth were serially sectioned and visually examined to establish the deepest lesion if present.Results: The Student t‐test showed that there were statistically significant differences between readings taken with different contact media, with the exception of toothpaste and prophylaxis paste, where no difference was found. The strongest relationship between histology and resistance reading was achieved with KY jelly (r = 0.559). The optimum sensitivity and specificity achieved was 0.59 and 0.86, respectively (resistance cut‐off 0.1 MΩ). ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic performance of saline was significantly inferior to the other contact media (P < 0.05). Limits of agreement were used to assess repeatability which were acceptable for all media except toothpaste.Conclusions: Differences were found between electronic resistance readings taken with different contact media. KY jelly was found to produce the best overall diagnostic performance and should be the standard material used for surface‐specific measurements.
Apoptosis and expression of Bax/Bcl‐2 proteins in pyogenic granuloma: a comparative study with granulation tissue and capillary hemangioma
Authors: Nakamura Toshitsugu 
Published: March 2003

Background: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) has been regarded as a florid expression of granulation tissue (GT) proliferation and shows distinct biological behavior compared to conventional GT. PG has not been examined from a standpoint of apoptosis.Methods: PG (15 cases), GT (14 cases) and capillary hemangioma (CH, 8 cases) were compared using in situ 3′‐tailing reaction (ISTR), a histochemical method for identifying apoptotic cells, and immunohistochemistry for Ki‐67, Bcl‐2 and Bax proteins, in order to clarify and involvement of apoptosis in the difference of biological characteristics between PG and GT.Results: PG showed significantly lower ISTR‐labeling indices than GT and CH and more frequent Bcl‐2/Bax expression than GT, whereas Ki‐67‐labeling indices were variable from case to case and did not show any significant differences among any groups.Conclusions: It is consequently suggested that the low apoptotic rate in PG is closely related to its characteristic rapid growth and is regulated by Bcl‐2 family proteins.
Livedoid vasculopathy in a patient with factor V mutation (Leiden)
Authors: Biedermann Tilo , Flaig Michael J. , Sander Christian A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Frequently, no underlying disease can be detected in patients with livedoid vasculopathy. For these forms, an unknown vaso‐occlusive or thrombogenic process has been accused to play a role. Thus, a patient with livedoid vasculopathy was examined for different parameters which can be involved in coagulopathies.Methods: Laboratory studies for different autoantigen reactive immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins, and circulating immune complexes were carried out. Besides dermatopathologic examination, a biopsy specimen was analyzed by direct immunoflourescence for immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement deposits. Furthermore, hemostaseological function tests including activated protein C (APC) resistance were undertaken.Results: Positive only at very low titres were antinuclear antibodies and c‐ANCA, all other parameters were within normal ranges or negative. Direct immunofluorescence revealed IgM, C3 and fibrogen deposits. Hemostaseological function tests demonstrated a pathologic activated protein c resistance and PCR analysis a heterozygous defect of the factor V (Leiden).Conclusions: The diagnosis of livedoid vasculopathy associated with factor V mutation (Leiden) was made. Since the underlying cause for livedoid vasculopathy often remains unknown, we suggest that hemostaseological function tests including APC resistance and factor V gene mutation analysis should be carried out. Further studies have to follow in order to elucidate the role of mutant factor V in livedoid vasculopathy and in cutaneous ulcerations.
Rippled‐pattern sebaceous trichoblastoma
Authors: Graham Brad S. , Barr Ronald J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: There is a large spectrum trichoblastoma; of which, several histologic variants have been described including a rippled‐pattern variant. Three cases of rippled‐pattern trichoblastoma are described which also exhibited definitive foci of sebaceous differentiation.Methods: Three cases were retrieved from the archives of the Dermatopathology Laboratory at the University of California Irvine (Orange, CA, USA). All specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). In addition, sections were submitted for immunohistochemical studies with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA).Results: All three biopsies were composed of well‐circumscribed multiple variously sized tumor lobules present in the upper to deep dermis comprised of with rounded or slightly elongated basaloid cells with scant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The lobules were separated by a slightly hyalinized stroma. The unique finding present in all three specimens was a peculiar arrangement of the basaloid cells in linear rows parallel to one another. This gave the tumors a rippled pattern similar to the palisading of nuclei of Verocay bodies seen in schwannomas. In addition all three biopsies showed definite sebaceous differentiation.Conclusions: Three additional cases of rippled‐pattern trichoblastoma are presented. All three were located on the scalp and showed additional features of foci of sebaceous differentiation. No associations with Muir‐Torre Syndrome were found in these patients. Because this appears to be a distinct variant within the large spectrum of trichoblastoma, the term rippled‐pattern sebaceous trichoblastoma is suggested.
Transepithelial elimination of cutaneous vulval granuloma inguinale
Authors: Ramdial Pratistadevi K. , Kharsany Ayesha B. M. , Reddy Roshilla , Chetty Runjan 
Published: March 2003

Background: Transepithelial elimination (TEE), a distinct and well‐known entity, is a process during which the skin eradicates undesirable or irritative dermal substances through intact epidermis or follicular epithelium by passive or active means. Although TEE is being described in an increasing number and range of pathological processes, to date, TEE of granuloma inguinale (GI) remains unrecorded in the English‐language literature. The aims of this study were: 1) To appraise the light microscopic and ultrastructural morphological epidermal changes that are associated with TEE of cutaneous vulval GI; and 2) To determine the role of intra‐epidermal leucocytes and histiocytes in the pathogenesis of TEE of vulval GI.Methods: This is a retrospective 9‐year histopathological review of all cases diagnosed and coded as vulval granuloma inguinale in the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa. Ultrastructural evaluation was performed on selected cases using a Jeol transmission electron microscope.Results: Of 53 skin biopsies from 47 patients with vulval GI, 43 were suitable for the study. The age range of patients was 15–40 years (mean age=22 years). There were eleven papular, twelve nodular, seven verrucous and thirteen ulcerative lesions. Donovan bodies within macrophages, free‐lying Donovan bodies and dense aggregates of neutrophils and plasma cells were seen in the dermis of all biopsies. There was consistent overlying pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. The dermal inflammatory infiltrate hugged the dermo‐epidermal junction and appeared entrapped between elongated and acanthotic epidermal rete ridges and pegs. Transepidermal neutrophil microabscesses, histiocytes containing Donovan bodies and neutrophilic and histiocytic fragmentation were present. A variable number of free‐lying and intra‐histiocytic Donovan bodies and neutrophils were present on the surface of the epidermis. On ultrastructural investigation epidermal spongiosis, intracellular oedema, free‐lying, intra‐neutrophilic and intra‐histiocytic Donovan bodies, and intact and degenerating neutrophils and histiocytes were evident between keratinocytes. The degenerative histiocytes demonstrated marked vacuolation, mitochondrial swelling and bacilli within phagolysosomal vacuoles, bound by intact or disrupted limiting membranes.Conclusion: The inflammatory infiltrate at the epitheliomesenchymal interface, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, intra‐epidermal accumulation and disintegration of neutrophils and histiocytes, and the associated release of lytic enzymes, play important contributory roles in TEE of GI. TEE of infectious agents is a poorly recognised mechanism of spread of infectious diseases and represents a public health hazard. In cutaneous vulval GI, TEE is highlighted as a hitherto unrecognised, potential method of spread of Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.
E‐cadherin expression in wound healing of mouse skin
Authors: Kuwahara Masamitsu , Hatoko Mitsuo , Tada Hideyuki , Tanaka Aya 
Published: March 2003

Background: E‐cadherin has been studied extensively in other systems but little attention has been paid to its role in wound healing. We investigated E‐cadherin expression in epithelial wound healing in vivo by focusing on the migrating cells in the epithelial tongue and the mitotic cells in the non–injured side apart from the original wound edge.Methods: Round full‐thickness excisional wounds (6 mm in diameter) and full‐thickness incisional wounds were prepared dorsally in mice. On various days after the operation, E‐cadherin expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody specific for E‐cadherin.Results: In both models, the level of E‐cadherin expression did not decrease on the 1st postoperative (P.O.) day. After the 2nd P.O. day, E‐cadherin expression decreased in cells at a site 500 μm apart from the original wound edge. After the 3rd P.O. day, decreased expression was also observed in cells at the top and in the basal layer of the epithelial tongue. This decreased expression continued for 1 or 2 days after the meeting of the epithelial tongue. There was no significant difference in the expression of E‐cadherin between two models.Conclusions: The results suggested that E‐cadherin expression decreases in epithelial cells. This decrease may depend on the activity of migration and mitosis. In addition, the change was similar in both the excisional and incisional wounds.
Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in oral lichen planus
Authors: Zhou Xijing J. , Sugerman Philip B. , Savage Neil W. , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is characterized by a sub‐epithelial lymphocytic infiltrate, basement membrane (BM) disruption, intra‐epithelial T‐cell migration and apoptosis of basal keratinocytes. BM damage and T‐cell migration in OLP may be mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).Methods: We examined the distribution, activation and cellular sources of MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in OLP using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, RT‐PCR and zymography.Results: MMP‐2 and ‐3 were present in the epithelium while MMP‐9 was associated with the inflammatory infiltrate. MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 secretion by OLP lesional T cells was greater than OLP patient (p<0.01) and healthy control subject (p<0.001) peripheral blood T cells. MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 mRNA levels were greater in OLP lesional T cells compared with healthy control subject peripheral blood T cells (p<0.01). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α upregulated OLP lesional T‐cell MMP‐9 (not TIMP‐1) mRNA and secretion (p<0.05). The in vitro activation rate of MMP‐9 from OLP lesional T cells was greater than that from OLP peripheral blood T cells (p<0.05).Conclusion: T‐cell‐derived MMP‐9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Relative over‐expression of MMP‐9 (compared with TIMP‐1) may cause BM disruption and facilitate intra‐epithelial T‐cell migration in OLP.
Follicular mycosis fungoides. A histopathologic analysis of nine cases
Authors: Flaig Michael J. , Cerroni Lorenzo , Schuhmann Kathrin , Bertsch Hans Peter , Kind Peter , Kaudewitz Peter , Sander Christian A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The spectrum of mycosis fungoides is exceedingly broad. Many different variants have been described, based on both clinical appearance and histological pattern. A rare form which shows preferential infiltration of hair follicles by malignant lymphocytes is follicular mycosis fungoides.Methods: We reviewed our experience with nine cases of follicular mycosis fungoides.Results: The unifying feature was infiltration of the hair follicle epithelium by atypical lymphocytes causing varying degrees of damage to the hair follicles. In some specimens the lymphocytes displayed only minor atypia leading to a misinterpretation as pseudolymphoma. Gene rearrangement studies were particularly helpful for establishing a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Additionally, epidermotropism of lymphocytes, eosinophils and mucin deposition were present to varying degrees. Mucin makes the distinction from mycosis fungoides‐associated follicular mucinosis difficult. We found both dermal mucin and a follicular mucinosis pattern present at different stages of disease in the same patient.Conclusions: We suggest the term mycosis fungoides‐associated follicular mucinosis should be replaced by follicular mycosis fungoides in future lymphoma classification schemes.
Primary cutaneous adenosquamous carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Azorín Daniel , López‐Ríos Fernando , Ballestín Claudio , Barrientos Nuria , Rodríguez‐Peralto José Luis 
Published: March 2003

Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of skin is a rare but distinctive neoplasm that usually exhibits an aggressive course. To date, 13 well‐documented and undisputed cases of primary cutaneous ASC have been reported. This term has been used for tumors with better prognosis, such as mucoepidermoid carcinomas and acantolytic squamous cell carcinomas, originating confusion. We report a primary cutaneous ASC and review the literature.Methods: In this report a woman with primary ASC of the skin was studied. Histopathological examination and inmunohistochemical stains were performed.Results: The tumor had two components: conventional squamous cell carcinoma merging with adenocarcinoma. After a local recurrence and lymph node metastases, the patient has no evidence of disease 8 months later.Conclusions: Pathologists should reserve the term ASC for tumors exhibiting the above mentioned appearance. In such circumstances, a metastatic origin must always be excluded.
A giant verruciform xanthoma
Authors: Agarwal‐Antal Neera , Zimmermann James , Scholz Theresa , Noyes R. Dirk , Leachman Sancy A. 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign neoplasm arising predominantly in the oral cavity, but it has been reported to occur on the genital skin and mucosa as well. VX has also been described in association with epidermal nevi and squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the clinical and histologic similarities between VX and condyloma acuminata, and a recent report of HPV 6 in association with VX, we investigated the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the development of this entity.Methods:  In situ hybridization and a nested PCR approach utilizing degenerate primers were utilized to establish whether HPV infection could be playing a role in the development of the VX.Results:  In situ hybridization failed to identify HPV DNA. The highly sensitive nested PCR approach also failed to detect HPV DNA.Conclusions:  The failure to detect HPV DNA, even by very sensitive methods, provides strong evidence that our case of VX is not an HPV‐induced lesion. A review of other possible etiologies, including alternative infectious agents and genetic associations, are discussed.
Nanobacteria and calcinosis cutis
Authors: Morgan Michael B. 
Published: March 2003

Background:  The nanobacteria are a recently characterized group of extremely small bacteria capable of precipitating calcium salts implicated in the pathogenesis of urinary calculi and calcific atherosclerosis. The pathogenesis of calcinosis cutis and its significance in conjunction with a variety of unrelated scarring and pre‐existing cutaneous entities are incompletely understood.Methods:  A series of cases, including basal cell carcinoma with dystrophic calcification, subepidermal calcified nodule, pilomatricoma, and tumoral calcinosis, were ultrastructurally examined for the presence of Nanobacteria sp.Results:  All cases, including three basal cell carcinomas, two subepidermal calcified nodules, three cases of pilomatricoma, and two cases of tumoral calcinosis, were negative for Nanobacteria.Conclusions:  The dystrophic calcification that occurs in conjunction with the above entities does not likely involve a bacterial‐induced etiology. The cause of these entities remains unknown.
Primary cutaneous CD30 (Ki‐1)‐positive non‐anaplastic B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Herrera Enrique , Gallardo María , Bosch Ricardo , Cabra Blanca , Aneri Vicente , Sánchez Purificación 
Published: March 2003

Background:  The CD30 (Ki‐1)‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders show a non‐epidermotropic infiltrate of large‐sized pleomorphic T cells, being extremely rare those that develop from B cells.Clinical case:  A 51‐year‐old white man presented with a 8×10 cm lobulated scalp tumor that had developed during the previous 8 months. Histopathology demonstrated a proliferation of medium and large‐sized non‐anaplasic lymphocytes. The tumor cells (CD45+) expressed B phenotype (CD20+, CD3) and were CD30 (Ki‐1) positive. The extension study revealed no extracutaneous involvement and the lesion resolved following chemotherapy. Two years later, after six cycles of chemotherapy that followed the CHOP protocol the patient remained asymptomatic.Conclusions:  We report a patient with a diffuse lymphoma of medium and large‐sized B phenotype cells on the scalp that showed the unusual characteristic of being both non‐anaplastic and CD30 (Ki‐1) positive.