bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular basis of the temperature‐ and pH‐induced conformational transitions in elastin‐based peptides
Authors: Li Bin , Daggett Valerie 
Published: February 2003

AbstractElastin undergoes an inverse temperature transition and collapses at high temperatures in both simulation and experiment. We investigated a pH‐dependent modification of this transition by simulating a glutamic acid (Glu)‐substituted elastin at varying pHs and temperatures. The Glu‐substituted peptide collapsed at higher temperature than the unsubstituted elastin when Glu was charged. The charge effects could be reversed by neutralization of the Glu carboxyl groups at low pH, and in that case the peptide collapsed at a lower temperature. The collapse was accompanied by the formation of β‐turns and short distorted β‐sheets. Formation of contacts between hydrophobic side chains drives the collapse at high temperature, but interactions between water and polar groups (Glu and main chain) can attenuate this effect at high pH. The overall competition and balance of the polar and nonpolar groups determined the conformational states of the peptide. Water hydration contributed to the conformational transition, and the peptide and its hydration shell must be considered. Structurally, waters near polar residues mainly formed hydrogen bonds with the protein atoms, while waters around the hydrophobic side chains tended to be parallel to the peptide groups to maximize water–water interactions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 68: 121–129, 2003
Presynaptic neurotrophin‐3 increases the number of tectal synapses, vesicle density, and number of docked vesicles in chick embryos
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Butowt Rafal , Von Bartheld Christopher S. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTo determine whether presynaptically derived neurotrophins may contribute to synaptic plasticity, we examined whether neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) changed the number, size, vesicle content, or vesicle distribution of synapses within the retinorecipient layers of the chick optic tectum. In this system, endogenous NT‐3 derives presynaptically from retinal ganglion cell axons. Retinotectal synapses comprise the majority of synapses in superficial tectal layers, as demonstrated by destruction of retinotectal input by intraocular application of the drug monensin. To examine the effect of increased or decreased levels of NT‐3, either exogenous NT‐3 or monoclonal NT‐3 blocking antibodies were injected into the optic tectum of 19‐day‐old chick embryos, spiked with radiolabeled protein to verify the success of injections and estimate effective concentrations. After 48 hours, the ultrastructure of superficial tectal layers was analyzed and compared with samples from control tecta injected with cytochrome C. NT‐3 increased the number of synapses, synaptic vesicles/profile, synaptic vesicle densities, the number of docked vesicles, and the length of the synaptic profile. Deprivation of anterogradely transported endogenous NT‐3 with NT‐3 antibodies resulted in the opposite effect: decreased numbers of synapses, decreased vesicle densities, and decreased numbers of docked vesicles. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) had a largely different effect than NT‐3. BDNF increased the density of vesicles and deprivation of endogenous TrkB ligands with TrkB fusion protein reduced the density of vesicles in the synapses, without effects on synapse number or docked vesicles. We conclude that anterogradely transported NT‐3 affects synapse strength in a way that differs from that of presumably postsynaptic‐derived BDNF. J. Comp. Neurol. 458:62–77, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mathematical determination of the numerical data corresponding to the color‐matching functions of three real observers using the RGB CIE‐1931 primary system and a new system of unreal primaries X′Y′Z′
Authors: Martínez J. A. , Pérez‐Ocón F. , García‐Beltrán A. , Hita E. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this work, we determine the numerical data of the experimental color‐matching functions (cmf's) of three real observers (JAM, MM, and CF) for two small fields (2°). In previous works, these cmf's have been shown generically and expressed only in a new system of unreal X′Y′Z′ primaries. Here, we show results found with these cmf's for the visible spectrum in intervals of 10 nm, from 400 to 700 nm. The data refer to both the RGB CIE‐1931 system and a new system of unreal primaries X′Y′Z′, established by a procedure similar to that of the XYZ CIE‐1931 system. This transformation was needed, because negative values appeared in various cmf's when they were referred to the XYZ CIE‐1931 system. Recently, we have called this new system G94 (Granada ‘94). Here, we also describe the method and calculation of the matrix that enables this transformation; in testing six real observers with new cmf’s, we found positive results. We have used these new and experimental cmf's in several preceding works, as have other authors as well, to whom J. A. Martínez privately communicated the corresponding numerical data. The use of these cmf's by all the authors has led to noteworthy results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 89–95, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10127
Dynamic cone response functions for models of colour appearance
Authors: Hunt R. W. G. , Li C. J. , Luo M. R. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe CIECAM97s type of colour appearance models results in some changes in hue and saturation for series of colours of constant chromaticity but changing luminance factor. To keep hue and saturation constant for such series, a model in which the dynamic cone response is based on a power function has been developed. By optimizing its parameters, its correlates of hue, lightness, colourfulness, brightness, and saturation perform nearly as well as those of CIECAM97s. A similar performance is achieved in a modified power model, which is more physiologically plausible. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 82–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10128
Whiteness perception under different types of fluorescent lamps
Authors: Ayama Miyoshi , Akatsu Takao , Toriumi Eiichiro , Mukai Kenji , Kanaya Sueko 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe effects of correlated color temperature and the chromaticity of light sources on the perception of surface whiteness were investigated. For the experiment, a Munsell N9.25 chip and 11 nearly white chips (V = 9.25, Munsell chroma ≦ 1.0) were selected. The interval scale of the whiteness of these chips was determined from the results of pair comparisons under eight different fluorescent lamps with correlated color temperatures from 2800 to 6700 K. The Munsell 3PB, 10PB, 7P, and N chips gained high scores under 6700 K illumination, whereas the 3PB, 5B, 7BG, and 9G chips scored higher under the 2800 K illumination. The 12 chips were divided into two groups. In one group, the interval scale from the bottom was found to increase as the correlated color temperature increased, whereas in the other group, it decreased with the temperature. The Munsell 3PB/9.25/1.0 chips fell into the latter group but consistently exhibited the highest or at least high‐order scores for all the illuminations examined. In those cases in which the correlated color temperature was held constant, the chromaticity of the light source was found to have no significant effect on the whiteness interval scale. A high correlation was identified between the interval scale of the whiteness and the two metrics, the metric chroma of CIELAB, and CIECAM97s chroma C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 96–102, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10129
Fixed range scales applied to the evaluation of color: Comparative analysis between the Munsell System and the Natural Color System
Authors: Caivano José Luis , de Mattiello María L. F. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the effect of anchoring on the estimation of chromatic variables, which occurs when fixed range scales are used in psychophysical measuring. In order to do this, we compare the Munsell System and the Natural Color System (NCS), and an alternative system that employs a scale of grays as a yardstick against which to measure value and saturation. During experimentation, observers evaluated 60 matte surface color samples, following the methodology proposed by each system, but without using their respective color atlases. The data obtained reveal results that are compatible with the measurements based on the Munsell System and the NCS. By applying the gray‐scale method, the value measurements improved, whereas the saturation measurements were overestimated in samples with low reflectance. In all the cases, hue shifts were observed and thought to be attributable to the variation in luminance revealed by the samples. Judging by the similarity of the results obtained, it can be assumed that when fixed range scales are used, measurements will be anchored to their extremes, equaling every measurement made with them. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 103–112, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10130
Differences in color naming and color salience in Vietnamese and English
Authors: Jameson Kimberly A. , Alvarado Nancy 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe accepted model of color naming postulates that 11 “basic” color terms representing 11 common perceptual experiences show increased processing salience due to a theorized linkage between perception, visual neurophysiology, and cognition. We tested this theory, originally proposed by Berlin and Kay in 1969. Experiment 1 tested salience by comparing unconstrained color naming across two languages, English and Vietnamese. Results were compared with previous research by Berlin and Kay, Boynton and Olson, and colleagues. Experiment 2 validated our stimuli by comparing OSA, Munsell, and newly rendered “basic” exemplars using colorimetry and behavioral measures. Our results show that the relationship between the visual and verbal domains is more complex than current theory acknowledges. An interpoint distance model of color‐naming behavior is proposed as an alternative perspective on color‐naming universality and color‐category structure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 113–138, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10131
Japanese and Korean ideas about clothing colors for elderly people: Intercountry and intergenerational differences
Authors: Shoyama Shigeko , Tochihara Yutaka , Kim Jungsook 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis study evaluated the clothing colors worn by elderly persons. We took photos, with elderly persons as models, displayed them on a computer screen, and used computer graphics to produce 75 colors of clothing worn by elderly persons. The 75 colors were evaluated by Japanese and Korean elderly women and female students. We compared the ideal colors and colors actually worn by elderly women in Japan and Korea. The ideal clothing color worn most often, and the images held concerning these colors, were found to differ between elderly women and female students in Japan and Korea, between Japanese and Korean elderly women, and between Japanese and Korean female students. In brief, the ideal clothing color for elderly women was the color satisfying brilliance, functionality, and elegance. We found that Japanese consumers prefer clothing of red hue or light grayish‐orange, whereas Korean consumers prefer colors of cold hues or achromatic colors. The differences observed between Japanese and Korean women seem to be associated with various factors, including traditions, culture, public morals, and racial consciousness. Differences in the rate of aging in the society and the timing of this change may also be involved. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 139–150, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10132
Color memory in protanomals and deuteranomals: Matching time effect
Authors: Pérez‐Carpinell J. , Camps V. J. , Diaz J. A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn a companion paper Pérez‐Carpinell et al., Color Res Appl 2001;26:158–170, for a set of seven color references, we compared the methods of simultaneous and memory color matching by 15 protanomals and 21 deuteranomals, looking for differences between them and a group of 25 normal trichromat observers investigated previously Pérez‐Carpinell et al., Color Res Appl 1998;23:234–247. In our current article, matching times of the same anomalous trichromat groups, and with the same reference tests, to select from among the comparison chips the one that most resembled one of the seven reference tests, have been measured under simultaneous and successive color matching procedures. From comparison between both anomalous groups and the group of 25 normal trichromats, we can deduce the following results: (1) Matching time depends significantly on the test color both for simultaneous and memory color matching; (2) in simultaneous matching, normal trichromats are faster and deuteranomals are slower; (3) in memory color matching, deuteranomals are slower and normal protanomals are equally fast; and (4) ratio of matching time for both modes of presentation is notable between deuteranomals and normals for dark orange, light green, and pink. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 151–154, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10133
DOA estimation and pairing method in 2D‐ESPRIT using triangular antenna array
Authors: Kuroda Toru , Kikuma Nobuyoshi , Inagaki Naoki 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper discusses the method for direction‐of‐arrival estimation by an application of 2D‐ESPRIT to a triangular planar array with an equilateral triangular lattice arrangement often used as a phased array for direction finding. It is difficult to apply the 2D‐Unitary ESPRIT to the triangular array due to its element arrangement. Instead, the 2D‐ESPRIT based on the standard ESPRIT is used. As the paring method for a multidimensional ESPRIT, the complex pairing (CP) method, simultaneous Schur decomposition (SSD), and mean eigenvalue decomposition (MEVD) have been proposed. In the case of 2D‐Unitary ESPRIT, the simple CP method can be used for an extremely accurate estimation. Since CP cannot be used for the standard ESPRIT, SSD with a high computational load and MEVD requiring introduction of a reliability test need to be used. In this paper, as a pairing method of the signal parameters, a complex mean eigenvalue expansion method is proposed that does not require a reliability test and has a low computational cost. Through computer simulation, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of multiple waves are estimated simultaneously so that the method's effectiveness is verified. A radiation pattern synthesis for separate reception of multiple waves is attempted with multiple beam forming weights obtained in the process of 2D‐ESPRIT. The effectiveness of the synthesis method is confirmed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 59–68, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10016
A method of improving misframe for HEC‐based variable length frame suitable for IP services
Authors: Ueda Hiromi , Yamaguchi Ukyo , Miki Noriki , Watanabe Ryuichi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAs the layer 2 technology for transfer of the IP packet, a variable length frame has been proposed in which the HEC (Header Error Control) and the frame length are defined in the header. In this paper, it is shown with regard to these HEC‐based variable length frames that the phenomenon of misframing is likely, in which a hunt state appears by mistake due to frame error. As a method for improvement, a forced 2‐bit error correction method is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is clarified and the sufficient characteristic is demonstrated. In addition, from the point of view of reframe time and false frame probability, the order of the generating polynomial of CRC optimum for HEC and the backside protection stage number are presented. From a similar viewpoint, it is shown quantitatively that the error detection is superior to the error correction with regard to CRC operation in the hunt state and pre‐sync state. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 46–58, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10018
Delay profile measurement system using common pilot channel for W‐CDMA cellular system
Authors: Imai Tetsuro , Mori Shinichi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe communication quality in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W‐CDMA) is improved by temporally separating the arriving multipaths and combining them by RAKE combining. Thus, the delay profile measurement is essential in understanding the number of arriving paths and the received power in each path in the actual propagation paths. In this paper, we propose a system using the Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) to measure the delay profile from the base station that has already started a service. This system's features are (1) synchronous detection using only CPICH and (2) power delay profile and SIR delay profile measurements and their properties are clearly illustrated. We also present the experimental results of a prototype developed based on the proposed method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 33–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10030
A dynamic channel assignment method for TDMA/FDMA packet transmission cellular system
Authors: Tomokiyo Ryo , Akaiwa Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn the packet transmission cellular system using TDMA/FDMA with a small number of carrier frequencies, the assignment of the carrier frequency to the cell, as well as the assignment of the slot, are crucial issues regarding efficient use of the frequency resources. In the micro‐cellular system, it is difficult to assign the frequency beforehand, and a procedure is desired for each base station whereby the channel is assigned dynamically by an autonomous and distributed process. In the method proposed herein, the channel is assigned dynamically in each base station by an autonomous and distributed process, not only for the time‐division channel, but also for the frequency‐division channel. It is shown by a computer simulation that the proposed system can efficiently utilize the channels on both the time and the frequency axis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 25–32, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10046
A design of a narrow bandpass filter with attenuation poles using coupled lines and resonators
Authors: Yokokawa Senji 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the design of a narrow bandpass filter with attenuation poles used at high frequencies. The filter circuit is new and consists of coupled lines and resonators. This paper analyzes how the filter characteristics vary with these circuit parameters. A bandpass filter designed with the results is fabricated and tested. It is confirmed that a narrow bandpass filter with a relative bandwidth of 0.3% is obtained at a center frequency of 1 GHz. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 19–24, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10067
Multi VC data transmission method for multicast server on IP multicast over ATM
Authors: Sugisono Koji , Yamamoto Miki , Ikeda Hiromasa 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIP multicast over ATM is considered interesting as a technique to realize multicast communication in ATM network. Proposed methods to realize IP multicast over ATM are the server method and the mesh method. The server method has the problem that a certain delay is required in reconstructing AAL5 SDU in the server. The mesh method has the problem that the point‐to‐multipoint VC must be set in the receiver group from all senders. This paper proposes the multi VC data server method as follows, as a new method to solve these problems. Multiple point‐to‐multipoint VC are prepared in the server. When multiple data are transmitted in parallel, different VC are used to reduce greatly the delay produced in the server method. The performances of the multi VC server method, the server method, and the mesh method are compared, and it is shown that the multi VC server method is effective in the sense that the data are transmitted with the shortest data transmission delay. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 11–18, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10070
Study on prediction of EM‐noise‐reduction effect due to noise‐suppression device attached to a printed wire
Authors: Yamamoto Hidetoshi , Shinohara Shinichi , Sato Risaburo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAlthough noise‐suppression devices are used to suppress electromagnetic (EM) noise radiated from printed wires, since the effects of these devices vary greatly depending on the mounting position on the wires, a method to predict their behaviors is desired. In this paper, for various noise‐suppression devices mounted on a printed wire provided with matched terminals, we describe the relationship between the suppression effect and the device mounting position that was studied experimentally in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 10 GHz. And we use this result to describe the result of studying a method that easily estimates the suppression effect on the radiating EM noise of the noise‐suppression devices. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10080
Network extension method considering increase of multicast traffic
Authors: Miyoshi Takumi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Sezaki Kaoru 
Published: February 2003

AbstractRecently, the spread of multicast communication is expected from the perspective of the efficient utilization of the network. Since the connection state of multicast communication clearly differs from that of conventional unicast communication, the optimum network topology is believed to change if multicast communication spreads in the future. The authors studied the network topology used when unicast communication and multicast communication are mixed. It was found that the Delta‐Star topology was optimal compared to the Star topology currently used in the lowest level of the network. In this paper, we studied the performance of each topology from the perspective of the required capacity of the equipment and the costs required to construct the network when a circuit switching or a connection service was assumed and the multicast traffic increased. Furthermore, we proposed a network extension method that changed the topology from the Star to the Delta‐Star topology and evaluated the performance. We found that by using a relatively simple extension method to set the locations of the transmission route link extensions, adequate cost performance was obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 69–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1166