bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning and Education in an Information Society
Authors: Gell Michael , Cochrane Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Education was one of the few sectors which remained relatively stable during the early decades of the all-pervasive ICT-based revolution which has been charted throughout this book. In the 1990s, however, education began to face the full brunt of a global maelstrom driven by ICT. This was because education held a near-monopoly on the important middle ground separating work and play in most advanced economies.
The Politics of Information and Communication Policy: The Information Superhighway
Authors: Dutton William H , Blumler Jay G , Garnham Nicholas , Mansell Robin , Cornford James , Peltu Malcolm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The election of US President Bill Clinton and Vice-President Al Gore in 1992 saw the metaphor of an ”information superhighway“ emerge as a topic of worldwide debate and action. Within a month of taking office, the Clinton Administration announced its ”information superhighway“ initiative, the National Information Infrastructure (Nil). This deployed the vision of an ”information superhighway“ as the centrepiece of a coordinated government strategy encompassing many social, economic, and technology policy areas. For example, the Nil plan argued for a dramatic shift in US telecommunications policy away from a previously limited role for government as regulator. Instead, the government involvement was seen to be a broader one of promoting the development of new ICT infrastructures, services, and products in order to help address major social and economic objectives, such as improving public services, democratic processes, and national competitiveness.
Human-Resource Management
Authors: Child John , Faulkner David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until recently, the human-resource issues arising in strategic alliances have received rather little attention. This is despite evidence that many performance problems in alliances stem from poorly designed and executed human-resource-management (HRM) policies (Frayne and Geringer 1990). When alliances are established, the feasibility studies which are undertaken and negotiations between partners typically focus on matters of technology, markets, ownership, and management structures. They often neglect HRM issues, in the belief that these either are less consequential or can be sorted out once the alliance is up and running (Drouin 1996). It was, for example, estimated that only about 4 per cent of the time spent in creating collaborative ventures is spent resolving human-resource-related issues (Coopers & Lybrand/Yankelovich, Skelly & White 1986). Failures of international cooperation between firms can result from the poor adjustment of managers and staff to working with their partner’s nationals. American firms have in particular been noted for a neglect of rigorous selection and training for international assignments, and this has been associated with a high failure rate among their expatriates (Adler and Ghadar 1990).
Conclusion and the Future
Authors: Child John , Faulkner David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has covered a wide range of issues relevant to the creation and management of cooperative strategy in the present age. This concluding chapter begins by drawing these topics together in an overview. It then goes on to argue that important benefits could arise from bringing cooperation further into the mainstream of management thinking and practice, and it focuses on two ways forward. The first is to give more attention to the challenge of managing cooperation and developing it to a mature and fruitful condition. The second is to appreciate the key role that cooperative strategies can play in enabling organizations to cope with the uncertainties of new highly complex business environments. These themes reflect the emphasis in this book on the process and context of cooperation.
Thinking the Unthinkable [What Happens if the is Field as we Know it Goes Away?
Authors: Markus M Lynne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the central questions asked in this volume is the extent to which academics have a natural tendency to frame these questions in terms of disciplinary ‘turf’. We bemoan the fact that intellectual communities like organisational behaviour, operations management, and marketing are ‘discovering’ information technology (IT) as an important topic for their teaching and research. Whether their interests lie in IT impacts, soft ware engineering, or electronic commerce, we see them as laying claim to research domains that we think of as ours. We deplore their ignorance of our contributions, and bridle when they question the value of AIS. As the newest business school discipline, we believe AIS to be vulnerable in faculty hiring and promotion decisions and curriculum debates.
David F. Feeny and Leslie P. Willcocks
Authors: Capabilities Rethinking , Function Skills in the Information Systems 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite wide recognition of the usefulness of resource-based approaches to organisational survival and competitiveness, these have rarely been applied in detail to the question of how the IS function in contemporary organisations can be configured. Against several trends-most notably outsourcing and that towards business ownership of IS-that for some commentators imply the steady demise or ‘withering away’ of the IS function, our own empirical work has led us to posit the emergence in practice of the ‘high performance’ IS function. This has four ‘faces’, or fundamental tasks. We advance a portfolio of nine core capabilities, several new to the IS function, which are required to deliver high performance in this context.
The Management of Knowledge Workers
Authors: Scarbrough Harry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relevance of this chapter on knowledge workers to a book on in formation systems needs to be touched on only briefly. There are (at least) three major reasons why students and practitioners of IS should be concerned with the management of this particular group. For one, as possessors of specialist expertise many IS staff fall into the knowledge worker category. Their job mobility and the problems of controlling their work are the kind of management problems we see with other knowledge workers. Secondly, IS functions are increasingly finding that they have to tailor their services to user groups whose work is knowledge based.
What is the Management of Technological Innovation and Why is it Important?
Authors: Dodgson Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The challenge of management in business firms is to develop and sustain competitive advantages. These competitive advantages allow firms to meet their objectives, be they profit generation, growth, increased market share, or increased employee remuneration and job security. This book examines the ways in which the management of technological innovation contributes to the development and sustainability of competitive advantages.
The New Challenges of the Management of Technological Innovation
Authors: Dodgson Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some of the challenges confronting firms in their management of technological innovation were described in Chapter 1. These challenges are reflections of major changes in the nature of industry and business. The most significant of these changes will be examined in five contexts: in industry in general, in business and innovation systems, in management, in the innovation process, and in globalization. To comprehend the future challenges of MTI it is necessary to understand these broader contextual and environmental changes.
Technology Strategy
Authors: Dodgson Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the late 1980s, an increasing amount of research and analysis has shown why technology should be a strategic issue (Teece 1987; Dodgson 1989; Pavitt 1990; Loveridge and Pitt 1990; Granstrand et al. 1992; Dussauge et al. 1993; Coombs 1994; Goodman and Lawless 1994; Burgelman et al. 1996). As we have seen in preceding chapters, technological innovation is a strategic issue for the following reasons.
Identification Problem in Macroeconometrics
Authors: Favero Carlo A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
var in levels and VECM representations specify the probabilistic structure of the data. Consider the case of an empirical investigation of the monetary transmission mechanism to evaluate the impact of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables. Let’s partition the vector of n variables of interest into two subsets: Y, which represents the vector of macroeconomic variables of interest and M, the vector of monetary variables determined by the interaction between the monetary policy maker and the economy.
The Concept of Corporate Strategy
Authors: Andrews Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corporate strategy is the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes, or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organization it is or intends to be, and the nature of the economic and noneconomic contribution it intends to make to its shareholders, employees, customers, and communities. In an organization of any size or diversity, ‘corporate strategy’ usually applies to the whole enterprise, while ‘business strategy,’ less comprehensive, defines the choice of product or service and market of individual businesses within the firm. Business strategy, that is, is the determination of how a company will compete in a given business and position itself among its competitors.
Industry Structure, Market Rivalry, and Public Policy
Authors: Demsetz Harold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Under the pressure of competitive rivalry, and in the apparent absence of effective barriers to entry, it would seem that the concentration of an industry’s output in a few firms could only derive from their superiority in producing and marketing products or in the superiority of a structure of industry in which there are only a few firms. In a world in which information and resource mobility can be secured only at a cost, an industry will become more concentrated under competitive conditions only if a differential advantage in expanding output develops in some firms. Such expansion will increase the degree of concentration at the same time that it increases the rate of return that these firms earn.
Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm
Authors: Rumelt Richard P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I consider myself a mainstream researcher in the field of business policy, and the ideas I want to describe in this paper concern the foundations of a theory of business strategy that is rooted in economics. But is such a paper, whatever its merits, really appropriate at a conference entitled ‘Non-traditional Approaches to Policy Research’? Surprisingly, it is. The use of economic theory to model and explicate business strategy, as it is understood within the field of business policy, is distinctly non-traditional.
Transaction-Cost Economics in Real Time
Authors: Langlois Richard N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although one can find versions of the idea in Smith, Marshall, and elsewhere, the modern discussion of the capabilities of organizations probably begins with Edith Penrose (1959), who suggested viewing the firm as a ‘pool of resources.· Among the writers who have used and developed this idea are G. B. Richardson (1972), Richard Nelson and Sidney Winter (1982), and David Teece (1980, 1982). To all these authors, the firm is a pool not of tangible but of intangible resources. Capabilities, in the end, are a matter of knowledge. Because of the nature of specialization and the limits to cognition, organizations as well as individuals are limited in what they know how to do effectively. Put the other way, organizations possess a pool of more-or-less embodied ‘how to’ knowledge useful for particular classes of activities.
The Prince
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having treated in detail all the characteristics of those principalities which I proposed to discuss at the beginning, and having considered, to some extent, the reasons for their success or shortcomings, and having demonstrated the ways by which many have tried to acquire them and to maintain them, it remains for me now to speak in general terms of the kinds of offence and defence that can be adopted by each of the previously mentioned principalities. We have said above that a prince must have laid firm foundations; otherwise he will of necessity come to grief. And the principal foundations of all states, the new as well as the old or mixed, are good laws and good armies. And since there cannot exist good laws where there are no good armies, and where there are good armies there must be good laws, I shall leave aside the treatment of laws and discuss the armed forces.
The Leadership Mystique
Authors: Vries Manfred F R Kets de 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When we plunge into the organizational literature on leadership we quickly become lost in a labyrinth: there are endless definitions, countless articles, and never-ending polemics. As far as leadership studies go, it seems that more and more has been studied about less and less, to end up ironically with a group of researchers studying everything about nothing. It prompted one wit to say recently that reading the current world literature on leadership is rather like going through the Parisian telephone directory while trying to read it in Chinese! The proliferation of literature on effective leadership is amply reflected by the increase in the number of articles in its bible, Stogdill ‘s Handbook of Leadership.
Is it our awareness that makes a difference? (Self-reflection, chain analysis, and mindfulness)
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Self-reflection of current experience requires us rapidly to shift our focus from full immersion in the experience to a position of stepping back just enough to allow for some degree of watching ourselves and self-reflection, and then to throw ourselves back into the experience, and so forth. Self-reflection enables us to take ownership of our experiences. Self-reflection is a psychological skill that requires practice. The aim of the chain analysis is to identify problems in the chain of events that occurred and then to explore solutions that will better prepare us the next time we are in a similar position.
Is it how we manage our physical health that makes a difference?
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As our physical condition impacts on our emotional well-being, it is worth attending to, not only for its direct physical benefits but also for the beneficial effects on our emotional state.
It is important that we sleep as well as possible to support our resilience (hardiness) in dealing with our day to day tasks.
We need to eat a regular balanced nutritious diet to give our bodies the fuel it needs to keep going, especially at difficult times.
Is it our relationship with something ‘larger than ourselves’ that makes a difference?
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research has shown that the majority of people believe in something ‘larger than oneself’ in a spiritual or religious sense. If you are one of this majority, it makes sense to attend to these areas of your life to achieve life balance and fulfilment.
You can experience a sense of community in a wide range of ways such as belonging to local sports, book, singing, or music groups, or being part of the street or building you live in (greeting neighbours), or belonging to an AA, Narcotics Anonymous (NA), or other selfhelp group.
The Learning Organization and National Systems of Competence Building and Innovation
Authors: Lam Alice , Lundvall Bengt-Å 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a growing understanding that knowledge is at the core of economic development. This is reflected in OECD publications referring to the knowledge-based economy (OECD 1996a, 1996b; Foray and Lundvall 1997). Here we prefer to define the present stage as a ‘learning economy’. Knowledge has always been at the core of economic development, and it is not obvious that there has been a radical change in ‘the amount of economically useful knowledge’. The useful stock of knowledge is not the sum of all knowledge that was ever created in the history of mankind. A lot of knowledge has been lost in a process of creative destruction.
Direct Compositionality on Demand
Authors: Barker Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problem is that many natural language expression types lead a double life, simultaneously here and there, masquerading as a local lump but somehow interacting directly with distant elements. The two main examples discussed here are bound anaphora, in which an anaphor depends for its value on some distant binder; and quantification, in which some local element takes semantic scope over a properly containing constituent. Such action-at-a-distance confronts theories of the syntax–semantics interface with a dilemma: should we interpret these elements locally, where they enter into the syntactic structure, or globally, where they take semantic effect? Both approaches have staunch defenders.
Magnificence: the Zenith of Wolsey’ s Power I522-I528
Authors: Anglo Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Events did not bear out the lofty pretensions of Cornish’s political farce. Scarcely a week after Charles had left England, Surrey commenced military operations in France, but his campaign had ended by October in sickness, and with nothing accomplished; fighting was also undertaken on the Scottish border but this, although continuing late into 1523, petered out inconclusively; and the main English project, Suffolk’s invasion from Calais, unsupported by the Imperial allies, likewise ended ingloriously. The only results of the campaign were mutual suspicions on the part of the allies, and financial difficulties and widespread discontent in England. To add to Wolsey’s displeasure the death of Pope Adrian VI in September 1523 and the election of Clement VII made it, perhaps, too clear that the Emperor’s avowed championship of the English Cardinal’s candidature was worthless. Charles V had increased his hold upon Italy; Henry had gained nothing in France; and Wolsey had been snubbed-such was the outcome of the Friendship, Prudence, and Might so spectacularly celebrated in the summer of 1522.
The Reign of Edward VI
Authors: Anglo Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
HENRY VIII, stricken and speechless-having reluctantly accepted the inevitability of death by squeezing Archbishop Cranmer’s hand as token that he ‘trusted in the Lord’-departed this life on 2.8 January 1547. ‘The said king died of a dropsi, as it was thought’, wrote his loving son Edward, with great composure, a couple of years later.1 Even while Henry lay dying the political vultures were gathering. Sir William Paget, writing to Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, in the summer of 1549, exhorted the Lord Protector to ‘Remember what you promised me in the gallery at Westminster, before the breath was out of the body of the King that dead is : remember what you promised immediately after, devising with me concerning the place which you now occupy’. The precise nature of these promises is not made apparent; but, clearly, the two politicians had spent Henry VIII’s dying moments planning how best to turn the situation to their own advantage. The new monarch-to-be was a child, 9 years of age, and the old King had sought to meet the difficulties posed by the government of a minor by the simple expedient of ruling England from the grave. Henry’s will, drawn up at Christmas, made careful arrangements for the impending regency, and, in particular, was concerned that no one magnate should enjoy supreme power. But this will posed more problems than it could solve for those who sought to take over the control of government, and whose main concern was, therefore, to circumvent Henry’s provisions.
Newly Industrialized Countries
Authors: Guy Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before the late 1970s, the industrialized countries of the world were essentially those which had already been industrialized in 1940. The industrial world roughly corresponded to the membership of the OECD, plus the Soviet Union and its allies in central and eastern Europe. Those were the First and Second Worlds. The Third World consisted of all other countries; the same countries are also known as “less developed countries,” or sometimes “underdeveloped” or “developing” countries.
There were, of course, industries in Third World countries, but we refer to them as nonindustrial because few of their exports were manufactured – their comparative advantage and international specialization were in the primary sector, the products of farms, mines, and oil wells. Most imports to Third World countries were manufactured products from the First or Second World. This broad pattern of specialization defined the international division of labor.
Poverty Traps
Authors: Guy Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter dealt with newly industrialized countries – countries which had, in the space of a few decades, joined the industrial world. Reading about those countries, one could be forgiven for getting the impression that the whole world is fast becoming part of the modern industrial and service economy. Many countries, we know, are quite poor and not growing very fast. Figure 14.1 provides some comparisons.
We’ve all heard that about half of the world’s population lives on incomes of less than US$2 per day, whether in backward countryside or urban slums. Most readers of this book will never have had to live that way, nor has the author; for this reason, attempting to understand the situation of the poorer half of humanity requires, for most of us, greater efforts of imagination and sympathy than do the topics discussed in previous chapters.
Assessment of asthma
Authors: Hasan Arshad S , Suresh Babu K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Asthma diagnosis is usually easy, but a series of tests may help to make the diagnosis in difficult cases Spirometry is the single most important lung function test for the diagnosis and management of asthma Allergy skin prick tests help to identify relevant allergens The ability to monitor nitric oxide in exhaled air may prove useful in guiding the need for anti-inflammatory treatment
The first step in caring for asthma is to make a confident and correct diagnosis, and the second is to assess its severity. Only then can appropriate treatment be prescribed, and further monitoring and treatment adjustments should result in good control of asthma with few long-term complications.
Allergen avoidance
Authors: Hasan Arshad S , Suresh Babu K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Avoidance of a relevant allergen by an asthmatic may prevent symptoms and exacerbations and may reduce the need for medication to control the disease The most relevant allergens for people with asthma are those that are inhaled and are present all year round, such as house dust mites, moulds, pets, and cockroaches A comprehensive approach is required for reduction of house dust mite allergens and avoidance measures should be carried out over the whole house An important step for reduction of house dust mite, mould, and cockroach allergens is to eliminate their reservoirs and make the environment hostile to their survival
Manner modification of state verbs
Authors: Katz Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analysis of manner adverbs as event predicates, first proposed by Davidson (1967) and argued for extensively by Parsons (1990), has become a standard part of the received semantic cannon (Kamp and Reyle 1993; Chierchia and McConnell-Ginet 2000). On this now-traditional analysis, a sentence like (1a) is analyzed at some level of representation as in (1b).