bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocluster Surface Microenvironment Modulates Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yoo Seungwoo , Yoo Suhwan , Deng Guocheng , Sun Fang , Lee Kangjae , Jang Hyunsung , Lee Chan Woo , Liu Xiaolin , Jang Junghwan , Tang Qing , Hwang Yun Jeong , Hyeon Taeghwan , Bootharaju Megalamane Siddaramappa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe catalytic activity and product selectivity of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) depend strongly on the local microenvironment of mass diffusion at the nanostructured catalyst and electrolyte interface. Achieving a molecular‐level understanding of the electrocatalytic reaction requires the development of tunable metal‐ligand interfacial structures with atomic precision, which is highly challenging. Here, the synthesis and molecular structure of a 25‐atom silver nanocluster interfaced with an organic shell comprising 18 thiolate ligands are presented. The locally induced hydrophobicity by bulky alkyl functionality near the surface of the Ag25 cluster dramatically enhances the eCO2RR activity (CO Faradaic efficiency, FECO: 90.3%) with higher CO partial current density (jCO) in an H‐cell compared to Ag25 cluster (FECO: 66.6%) with confined hydrophilicity, which modulates surface interactions with water and CO2. Remarkably, the hydrophobic Ag25 cluster exhibits jCO as high as −240 mA cm−2 with FECO >90% at −3.4 V cell potential in a gas‐fed membrane electrode assembly device. Furthermore, this cluster demonstrates stable eCO2RR over 120 h. Operando surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and theoretical simulations reveal how the ligands alter the neighboring water structure and *CO intermediates, impacting the intrinsic eCO2RR activity, which provides atomistic mechanistic insights into the crucial role of confined hydrophobicity.
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Chiral Fluoroalkyl α,β‐Unsaturated N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Ketimines: Synthesis of Optically Active Fluorinated Enamines and Derivatives
Authors: Ma Wen‐Jiang , Liu Peng , Liao Tian‐Ming , Gao Yu‐Ning , Bian Ming , Liu Jin‐Tao , Wu Fanhong , Chen Hui‐Yu , Liu Zhen‐Jiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA regio‐ and diastereoselective conjugate addition reaction of Grignard reagents to fluoroalkyl α,β‐unsaturated N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl ketimines was disclosed. A range of different fluoroalkyls and Grignard reagents were well tolerated, giving up to 99% diastereomeric and regioisomeric ratios. This reaction provided a straightforward method for the synthesis of a variety of enantiomerically enriched α‐fluorinated enamines and derivatives which are difficult to achieve with other methods.
Effect of symmetrical and asymmetrical structures of transverse tube on heat transfer performance of nanofluids in a solar collector system
Authors: Tang Maoqing , Jiang Xinyi , Qi Cong , Liang Lin , Han Dongtai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn an effort to enhance the heat transfer performance of solar collectors, this paper proposed to replace the smooth tube with symmetrical and asymmetrical transversely corrugated tubes, and to couple with SiO2‐H2O nanofluids for heat transfer of solar collectors. Effects of nanofluids mass fraction (w = .0%, .1%, .3%, and .5%), Reynolds number (3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, and 7000), and groove radius (1.5, 2, and 2.5 mm) on the flow and heat transfer properties of nanofluids in solar collectors were studied. The comprehensive evaluation index was used to consider the heat transfer property and flow resistance of fluid flow at the same time. Results showed that with the augment of nanofluids mass fraction, Reynolds number, and groove radius, the heat transfer enhancement performance of the collector becomes better. Among them, when the Reynolds number is 4000, the asymmetric transversely corrugated tube with a nanofluids mass fraction of .5% and a groove depth of 2.5 mm has the best comprehensive flow and heat transfer performance, and the comprehensive evaluation index can reach 1.62. The study results in this paper are beneficial to the coupling of nanofluids and transversely corrugated tubes and their application in the domain of enhanced heat transfer of solar collectors.
Changes in threats to macroalgal forests (Cystoseira sensu lato) at three restoration sites in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Fehér Dóra , Bianchelli Silvia , Verdura Jana , Danovaro Roberto , Anthony Brandon P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Macroalgal forests, such as Cystoseira sensu lato, comprise crucially important habitats in the Mediterranean Sea, providing protection and structural complexity, enhancing productivity, food, shelter and spawning grounds in coastal marine ecosystems. However, due to increasing direct and indirect anthropogenic impacts, these habitats are rapidly declining.
Due to their biological and ecological characteristics, the natural recovery of the populations belonging to these species is slow. For this reason, active restoration has been identified as an effective tool for their recovery.
Since the mitigation of impacts is one of the prerequisites for restoration success, Modified Threat Reduction Assessments were used to estimate success of conservation measures in three areas of the central and north‐western Mediterranean Sea (Costa del Conero, Italy; Cala Bona and Port de la Selva, Spain). In particular, the assessment was conducted to: (i) identify and evaluate the changes in threats to Cystoseira s.l. species between 2019 and 2021; and (ii) propose management in relation to the ongoing restoration measures.
A total of 13 threats were identified and determined negative Modified Threat Reduction Assessment Indices of approximately −46%, −14% and −13%, respectively, in Costa del Conero, Cala Bona and Port de la Selva. The study's findings, when combined, document the increase of the scale of threats during the second year of the survey period despite the lockdown due to COVID‐19.
Fitness effect and transcription profile reveal sublethal effect of nitenpyram on the predator Chrysopa pallens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Du Qiankun , Shan Yongpan , Hu Hongyan , Wu Changcai , Wang Dan , Song Xianpeng , Ma Yajie , Xi Jianping , Ren Xiangliang , Ma Xiaoyan , Ma Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough neonicotinoids are widely used and important insecticide, there are growing concerns about their effect on nontarget insects and other organisms. Moreover, the effects of nitenpyram (NIT), a second generation of neonicotinoid insecticides, on Chrysopa pallens are still unclear. Therefore, this study purposed to investigate the acute toxicity of NIT to C. pallens using the spotting method. To examine the potential effects of a sublethal dose of NIT (LD30, 1.85 ng of active ingredient per insect) on C. pallens, we constructed the life tables and analyzed the transcriptome data. The life table results showed that the period of second instar larvae, adult pre‐oviposition period and total pre‐oviposition period were significantly prolonged after exposure to sublethal dose of NIT, but had no significant effects on the other instars, longevity, oviposition days, and fecundity. The population parameters, including the preadult survival rate, gross reproduction rate, net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase, were not significantly affected, and only the mean generation time was significantly prolonged by NIT. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 68 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 50 upregulated genes and 18 downregulated genes. Moreover, 13 DEGs related to heat shock protein, nose resistant to fluoxetine protein 6, and prophenoloxidas were upregulated. This study showed the potential effects of sublethal doses of NIT on C. pallens and provided a theoretical reference for the comprehensive application of chemical and biological control in integrated pest management.
Opportunities and challenges in single‐cell protein production using lignocellulosic material
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Raj Tirath , Næss Geir , Sørensen Mette , Dhawan Vibha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe increase in world population has led to an increase in global food demand, which is estimated to grow by 35–56% from 2010 to 2050. As a result, the risk of hunger is also expected to rise. Protein consumption between 2000 and 2018 rose by 40% worldwide and is expected to increase at 9.3% cumulative annual growth rate in the near future. Hence, there is a huge demand and potential market available for human and animal protein. Therefore, newer and more protein sources will be required to meet the longer food value chains. Hence, a microbial protein produced using waste biomass could offer socio‐economic benefits and consumer acceptance owing to its vegetarian nature. Moreover, waste biomass‐based proteins are environmentally benign and very good ingredients in food and feed. Dry microbial protein, described as single‐cell protein, grown on agricultural residue, has been considered as a potent source of protein for both humans and animals. Thus, single‐cell protein will open up new opportunities to meet the growing protein demands for humans and animals. Microbially produced beer, cheese and yogurt are all examples of microbial protein sources for humans and animals. The feedstock, like agriculture residue, is relatively cheap and could be a potential source for large‐scale protein production in the future.
Characterization of a thermostable cellobiose dehydrogenase from Myceliophthora thermophila and its function of electron‐donating for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Authors: Xie Yanping , Ma Xuekun , Waheed Abdul , Adnan Muhammad , Xie Ning , Liu Gang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) catalyzes the oxidation of cello‐oligosaccharides and transfers electrons to oxygen or other electron receptors, such as lytic polysaccharide oxygenases (LPMOs). Cellobiose dehydrogenase has the potential to be used as an electron donor for LPMOs. Therefore, it is important to obtain CDHs under reaction conditions that are compatible with those of cellulases and LPMOs. Here, a CDH gene from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCDH‐A) was constitutively expressed in Trichoderma reesei, and its ability to donate electrons to the LPMO was validated. MtCDH‐A has an optimal pH of 6.0 and maintains relatively high activity over a wide pH range. The optimal temperature was 60°C, and it remained stable at 50°C for a long time. These enzymatic properties were compatible with the catalytic conditions of fungal LPMOs and cellulases. When MtCDH‐A was used as an electron donor, the synergistic effect of LPMO and cellulase improved the degradation efficiency of phosphoric acid‐swollen cellulose by 141%. This work provides a novel insight into finding a stable electron donor for LPMOs and a new direction for finding more efficient thermostable CDHs in newly identified fungal species. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Optilume drug‐coated balloon for anterior urethral stricture: 2‐year results of the ROBUST III trial
Authors: VanDyke Maia E. , Morey Allen F. , Coutinho Karl , Robertson Kaiser J. , D'Anna Richard , Chevli Kent , Cantrill Christopher H. , Ehlert Michael J. , Te Alexis E. , Dann Jeffrey , DeLong Jessica M. , Virasoro Ramón , Hagedorn Judith C. , Levin Richard , DeSouza Euclid , DiMarco David , Erickson Brad A. , Olsson Carl , Elliott Sean P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to report the updated 2‐year results of the intervention arm of the ROBUST III randomized trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Optilume drug‐coated balloon (DCB) versus standard endoscopic management of recurrent male anterior urethral stricture.Materials and MethodsEligible patients included men with recurrent anterior urethral stricture ≤3 cm in length and ≤12Fr in diameter, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥11 and peak flow rate (Qmax) <15 mL/s. Patients were randomized to treatment with the Optilume DCB or standard‐of‐care endoscopic management. Primary efficacy endpoints measured at 2 years included freedom from re‐intervention and changes in IPSS, Qmax and post‐void residual (PVR). Secondary endpoint was impact on sexual function using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Primary safety endpoint was freedom from serious procedure‐ or device‐related adverse events (AEs).ResultsA total of 127 patients enrolled at 22 sites in the United States and Canada (48 randomized to standard‐of‐care dilation and 79 to DCB dilation). Seventy‐five patients in the DCB arm entered the open‐label phase after 6 months. Participants averaged 3.2 prior endoscopic interventions (range 2–10); most (89.9%) had bulbar strictures with an average stricture length of 1.63 cm (SD 0.76). Significant improvements in IPSS, average Qmax and PVR were maintained at 2 years. Freedom from repeat intervention was significantly higher in the Optilume DCB arm at 2 years versus the Control arm at 1 year (77.8% vs. 23.6%, p < 0.001). During the follow‐up period, there were 15 treatment failures and two non‐study‐related deaths. Treatment‐related AEs were rare and generally self‐limited (haematuria, dysuria and urinary tract infection).ConclusionThe Optilume DCB shows sustained improvement in both objective and subjective voiding parameters at 2‐year follow‐up. Optilume appears to provide a safe and effective endoscopic treatment alternative for short recurrent anterior urethral strictures among men who wish to avoid or delay formal urethroplasty.
Helicopter mobility: Changing habitus without challenging structural inequalities, experiences of an international elite education programme
Authors: Mountford‐Zimdars Anna , Gaulter Julia , Harrison Neil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis original study followed up ten beneficiaries of a UK charity‐led programme that supported disadvantaged students in applying to elite US universities. First interviewed in 2015 during their early university days in the United States, in our 2019 follow‐up all participants had graduated. Six remained in the United States and four had returned to the United Kingdom, with only one returning to their pre‐university community. They reported benefitting immensely from their international opportunities and were nearly all in high‐paying graduate jobs or high‐profile graduate programmes. Drawing on Bourdieu's concept of the ‘cleft habitus’, which can result from rapid and substantial shifts in field, we found that this was rare. Rather, the majority had undergone a ‘wholesale escape’, replacing their originary habitus with one that was consistent with their new field. The significance of the study is that the findings allow us to propose the concept of ‘helicopter mobility’ to describe individualised approaches to social mobility, whereby those considered to have merit are removed from their communities without questioning or affecting wider structural inequalities.
Exploring the impact of non‐verbal cues on user experience in immersive virtual reality
Authors: Dzardanova Elena , Nikolakopoulou Vasiliki , Kasapakis Vlasios , Vosinakis Spyros , Xenakis Ioannis , Gavalas Damianos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFace‐to‐face communication relies extensively on non‐verbal cues (NVCs) which complement, or at times dominate, the communicative process as they convey emotions with intense salience, thus definitively affecting interpersonal communication. The capture, transference, and subsequent interpretation of NVCs becomes complicated in computer‐mediated communicative processes, particularly in shared virtual worlds, for which there is growing interest both in regard to NVCs technological integration and their affective impact. This paper presents a between‐groups experimental setup which is facilitated in immersive virtual reality (IVR), and examines NVCs effects on user experience, with special emphasis on degree of attention toward each NVC as an isolated controlled variable of a scripted performance by a virtual character (VC). This study aims to evaluate NVCs fidelity based on the capabilities of the motion‐capture technologies utilized to address cue integration developmental challenges and examines NVCs impact on users' perceived realism of the VC, their empathy toward him, and the degree of social presence experienced. To meet the objectives set the affective impact of low‐fidelity automated NVCs and high‐fidelity real‐time captured NVCs were compared. The findings of the evaluation suggest that although NVCs do impact user experience to an extent, their effects are notably more subtle compared to previous studies.
Integrating problem‐based learning into a school counseling classroom instruction course
Authors: Waalkes Phillip L. , Alhiyari Nour , Thompson Jason , DeCino Daniel Andrew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSchool counseling graduate programs can fall short of preparing students with authentic and systems‐focused skills in classroom instruction. We offer three problem‐based learning assignments for counselor educators to help school counselors‐in‐training develop pedagogical skills and deliver lessons that address authentic problems facing students and schools.
Clinical relevance of pre‐ and coseasonal sublingual immunotherapy with a 300 index of reactivity 5‐grass SLIT tablet in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Wahn Ulrich , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Bahbah Farah , Devillier Philippe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable interest in improving the scoring methods for evaluating the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and to show if this is associated with clinically meaningful results from the patient's perspective. We aimed to assess the efficacy and clinical relevance of a 300 index of reactivity (IR) 5‐grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablet in children, adolescents and adults with moderate to severe grass‐induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) with or without controlled asthma using the combined symptom and medication score CSMS0‐36.MethodsThe data of the European population that participated in 3 Phase III, international, randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trials were analyzed post hoc.ResultsA total of 864 patients randomized to 300 IR 5‐grass tablet or placebo were analyzed. Over the primary evaluation period, the difference in CSMS0‐36 between the 300 IR and placebo groups was statistically significant (point estimates: −2.51, CI95% [−3.88; −1.14], p < 0.0001 in clinical trial1; −2.31, CI95% [−3.39; −1.23], p < 0.0001 in CT2; and −2.31, CI95% [−3.58; −1.03], p = 0.0004 in CT3). The relative differences between the 300 IR 5‐grass tablet and placebo were −29.7%, −33.8%, and −26.3%, respectively. The results based on CSMS0‐36 were consistent with those obtained with the primary endpoints of the trials and support the consideration of the 2‐point threshold of the CSMS0‐36 for clinical relevance of AIT.ConclusionPost hoc analysis of 3 CTs with the 300 IR 5‐grass SLIT tablet confirmed its significant and clinically relevant effect in the European population with grass pollen‐induced ARC with or without controlled asthma.
A potential cure for tumor‐associated immunosuppression by Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Lotfalizadeh Narges , Sadr Soheil , Morovati Solmaz , Lotfalizadeh Mohammadhassan , Hajjafari Ashkan , Borji Hassan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, immunotherapy has become very hopeful for cancer therapy. Cancer treatment through immunotherapy has excellent specificity and less toxicity than conventional chemoradiotherapy. Pathogens have been used in cancer immunotherapy for a long time. The current study aims to evaluate the possibility of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) as a probable treatment for cancers such as melanoma, breast, ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancer.Recent findingsNonreplicating type I uracil auxotrophic mutants of T. gondii can stimulate immune responses against tumors by reverse immunosuppression at the cellular level. T. gondii can be utilized to research T helper 1 (Th1) cell immunity in intracellular infections. Avirulent T. gondii uracil auxotroph vaccine can change the tumor's immunosuppression and improve the production of type 1 helper cell cytokines, i.e., Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and activate tumor‐related Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8+) T cells to identify and destroy cancer cells. The T. gondii profilin protein, along with T. gondii secreted proteins, have been found to exhibit promising properties in the treatment of various cancers. These proteins are being studied for their potential to inhibit tumor growth and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Their unique mechanisms of action make them valuable candidates for targeted interventions in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer treatments.ConclusionIn summary, the study underscores the significant potential of harnessing T. gondii, including its diverse array of proteins and antigens, particularly in its avirulent form, as a groundbreaking approach in cancer immunotherapy.
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Wen Ting , Ehivet Fabienne , Stanislaw Christine , Mao Rong , Hegde Madhuri 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPathogenic germline variants causally contribute to the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyposis. The era of massively parallel sequencing, also known as next‐generation sequencing (NGS), make it highly possible, effective, and efficient to offer rapid and cost‐effective diagnosis for CRC. To aid clinical laboratories in testing the most clinically significant genes, along with the published ACMG CRC technical standard guidelines, this protocol aims to provide a step‐by‐step technical workflow for carrying out the NGS‐panel based CRC molecular diagnosis focusing on the wet lab portion of library preparation and massively parallel sequencing. Using the most popular pull‐down‐based target enrichment, the chapter particularly encompasses genomic DNA (gDNA) fragmentation, adapter ligation, indexing, hybridization, and capture, which is the most variable and technically challenging part of NGS testing involving at least 3 quality control (QC) checkpoints plus the pre‐ and post‐capture PCR. The gDNA extraction and sequencing is less covered because they are relatively standard technologies with little variations and choices. Although this protocol also introduces pertinent testing algorithms and a brief guideline for pre‐ and post‐testing genetic counselling, the audiences are required to refer to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) clinical practice guidelines to determine the most appropriate testing strategies. Since NGS panel‐based testing is a highly complex and dynamic platform with multiple choices from different technology and commercial resources, this technical benchtop‐based protocol also aims to cover some of the key ramification points for decision‐making by each laboratory at the discretion of the directors. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis by next‐generation sequencing