bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen deficiency in hypopituitary women: its consequences and management
Authors: Esposito Daniela , Tivesten Åsa , Olivius Catharina , Ragnarsson Oskar , Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWomen with hypopituitarism have various degrees of androgen deficiency, which is marked among those with combined hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. The consequences of androgen deficiency and the effects of androgen replacement therapy have not been fully elucidated. While an impact of androgen deficiency on outcomes such as bone mineral density, quality of life, and sexual function is plausible, the available evidence is limited. There is currently no consensus on the definition of androgen deficiency in women and it is still controversial whether androgen substitution should be used in women with hypopituitarism and coexisting androgen deficiency. Some studies suggest beneficial clinical effects of androgen replacement but data on long-term benefits and risk are not available. Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy in hypopituitary women has shown some positive effects on bone metabolism and body composition. Studies of treatment with oral dehydroepiandrosterone have yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting improvements in quality of life and sexual function. Further research is required to elucidate the impact of androgen deficiency and its replacement treatment on long-term outcomes in women with hypopituitarism. The lack of transdermal androgens for replacement in this patient population and limited outcome data limit its use. A cautious and personalized treatment approach in the clinical management of androgen deficiency in women with hypopituitarism is recommended while awaiting more efficacy and safety data.
Bone loss and new vertebral fractures during treatment with romosozumab: a case-report
Authors: Marsman Anneke F. , de Jongh Renate T. , Teunissen Bernd P. , Lems Willem F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to illustrate the possibility of an unfavorable response to treatment with the anabolic agent romosozumab for patients with severe osteoporosis and to discuss explanations for treatment failure.

Methods
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) including vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) and X-rays of the thoracolumbar spine was used to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and the presence of vertebral fractures before and after treatment with romosozumab.

Results
Our patient developed a decrease in the BMD of the hip, two incident new vertebral fractures, and worsening of one prevalent vertebral fracture during 1 year treatment with romosozumab. We have not detected non-adherence, there was no pretreatment with anti-resorptives, and we observed no signs of secondary osteoporosis and/or comorbidities.

Conclusion
As the number of patients treated with romosozumab is rising, it becomes more likely that more patients will be found with new fractures and/or an unfavorable BMD response. Probably, the unfavorable response is a (bad) chance finding, but we think it is crucial for clinicians and patients to exclude nonadherence, new comorbidities and pretreatment with anti-resorptives as explanation in these patients.
Analysis of longitudinal wrinkle formation during calendering of NMC811 cathodes under variation of different process parameters
Authors: Wurba Ann-Kathrin , Altmann Lennart , Fleischer Jürgen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe requirements for the lithium-ion battery (LIB) are constantly increasing. In the nearer future, batteries need to be even more powerful, safer and cheaper. One lever is the optimization of the production in order to minimize production scrap rates. In electrode manufacturing, calendering is an essential process step to adjust the volumetric energy density. However, this process leads to undesirable defects that result in production scrap. In this paper, the formation of longitudinal wrinkles is analyzed using a statistical experiment design. Electrode density, web tension and temperature are varied in two levels during calendering and are examined for their significance with regard to the geometry of the longitudinal wrinkles. Furthermore, the strain and the deformation of the electrode are analyzed. A complex interaction of material and process is revealed with respect to the formation of longitudinal wrinkles. A better understanding of these interactions contributes to optimize the calendering process and to find a solution to avoid longitudinal wrinkles.
Simple closed geodesics in dimensions $$\ge 3$$
Authors: Rademacher Hans-Bert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe show that for a generic Riemannian or reversible Finsler metric on a compact differentiable manifold M of dimension at least three all closed geodesics are simple and do not intersect each other. Using results by Contreras (Ann Math 2(172):761–808, 2010; in: Proceedings of International Congress Mathematicians (ICM 2010) Hyderabad, India, pp 1729–1739, 2011) this shows that for a generic Riemannian metric on a compact and simply-connected manifold all closed geodesics are simple and the number N(t) of geometrically distinct closed geodesics of length $$\le t$$

≤
t

grows exponentially.
Diuretic Treatment in Patients with Heart Failure: Current Evidence and Future Directions – Part I: Loop Diuretics
Authors: Cuthbert Joseph James , Clark Andrew L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Fluid retention or congestion is a major cause of symptoms, poor quality of life, and adverse outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). Despite advances in disease-modifying therapy, the mainstay of treatment for congestion—loop diuretics—has remained largely unchanged for 50 years. In these two articles (part I: loop diuretics and part II: combination therapy), we will review the history of diuretic treatment and the current trial evidence for different diuretic strategies and explore potential future directions of research.

Recent Findings
We will assess recent trials including DOSE, TRANSFORM, ADVOR, CLOROTIC, OSPREY-AHF, and PUSH-AHF amongst others, and assess how these may influence current practice and future research.

Summary
There are few data on which to base diuretic therapy in clinical practice. The most robust evidence is for high dose loop diuretic treatment over low-dose treatment for patients admitted to hospital with HF, yet this is not reflected in guidelines. There is an urgent need for more and better research on different diuretic strategies in patients with HF.
Whole Genome Sequencing Applications in Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention
Authors: Doll Michelle , Bryson Alexandra L. , Palmore Tara N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Whole genome sequencing is increasingly used in epidemiologic surveillance in healthcare centers, shedding new light on the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. As processing times for these technologies shorten, the ability to use sequencing data for targeted infection prevention is seemingly attainable and of great interest to infection prevention practitioners in an era of limited resources.

Recent Findings
Common healthcare-associated infections such as C. difficile and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus may be acquired in diverse settings including the community, rather than direct patient-to-patient transmission as previously thought. This along with the emergence of new organisms such as Candida auris may indicate that infection prevention interventions should be all-encompassing rather than organism-specific in focus.

Summary
Whole genome sequencing technologies are providing a level of detail in assessing organism relatedness that is changing our understanding of the transmission of infections in healthcare settings and may impact infection prevention strategies in the future.
The Emotional Burden of Loneliness and its Association with Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Lazuras Lambros , Ypsilanti Antonia , Mullings Emma 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The present study examined, for the first time, the emotional burden of loneliness on dimensions of emotional valence and arousal, and its association with mental health outcomes.

Method
A cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected from 503 adults across the UK with an online survey. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported measures of loneliness and social isolation, affective ratings (i.e., valence and arousal) of loneliness experiences, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as mental health outcomes.

Results
The emotional burden of loneliness differed significantly across groups with differing loneliness experiences, and females scored significantly higher in the emotional burden of loneliness than males. The emotional burden of loneliness was associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms, and respectively added 4.7% and 6.2% of the variance, on top of measures of loneliness frequency and social isolation.

Conclusions
Measuring the valence and arousal dimensions of loneliness experiences advances our understanding of loneliness experiences and its association with mental health outcomes. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our study are discussed.
Using the Listening2Faces App with Three Young Adults with Autism: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Baron Alisa , Harwood Vanessa , Woodard Cooper , Anderson Kaitlyn , Fernandes Barbara , Sullivan Jessica , Irwin Julia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Listening2Faces (L2F) is a therapeutic, application-based training program designed to improve audiovisual speech perception for persons with communication disorders. The purpose of this research was to investigate the feasibility of using the L2F application with young adults with autism and complex communication needs.

Methods
Three young adults with autism and complex communication needs completed baseline assessments and participated in training sessions within the L2F application. Behavioral supports, including the use of cognitive picture rehearsal, were used to support engagement with the L2F application. Descriptive statistics were used to provide (1) an overview of the level of participation in L2F application with the use of behavioral supports and (2) general performance on L2F application for each participant.

Results
All three participants completed the initial auditory noise assessment (ANA) as well as 8 or more levels of the L2F application with varying accuracy levels. One participant completed the entire L2F program successfully. Several behavioral supports were used to facilitate participation; however, each individual demonstrated varied levels of engagement with the application.

Conclusions
The L2F application may be a viable intervention tool to support audiovisual speech perception in persons with complex communication needs within a school-based setting. A review of behavioral supports and possible beneficial modifications to the L2F application for persons with complex communication needs are discussed.
EFESTO-2: European Flexible Heat Shields Advanced TPS Design and Tests for Future In-Orbit Demonstration-2
Authors: Guidotti Giuseppe , Princi Alessandro , Gutierrez-Briceno Jaime , Trovarelli Federico , Governale Giuseppe , Viola Nicole , Dietlein Ingrid , Callsen Steffen , Bergmann Kevin , Zhai Junnai , Gawehn Thomas , Gardi Roberto , Tiseo Barbara , Prevereaud Ysolde , Dauvois Yann , Gambacciani Giovanni , Dammacco Giada 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEFESTO-2 is an EU-funded project under Horizon Europe that aims to enhance European expertise in Inflatable Heat Shields (IHS). Building on the achievements of the previous EFESTO project (H2020 funds No 821801), EFESTO-2 focuses on advancing key IHS technologies to increase their Technology Readiness Level (TRL). The project pillars include analysing the business case for IHS applications, exploring additional aspects of IHS, improving tools and models and establishing a development roadmap for IHS systems. This paper outlines the project objectives and plan, highlighting ongoing and future activities for the next 2 years, positioning it within the European re-entry technology roadmap. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe program (grant agreement No 1010811041).
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of Oman Emergency Physicians and Residents Regarding Radiation Emergencies
Authors: Al-Sulaimani Suad K. , Al-Balushi Hassan , AL-Balushi Aaisha , Panchatcharam Sathiya Murthi , AL-Shamsi Mohamed , Kazzi Ziad , Alhatali Badria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Radiological emergency preparedness and response are increasingly acknowledged as vital components of both emergency readiness and public health. Previous studies have shown that medical providers feel unprepared to respond to radiation incidents. The existing level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness held by emergency medicine residents and physicians in Oman, remain unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and awareness level of emergency residents and physicians in Oman regarding the management of radiation emergencies.

Methods:
An electronic survey was distributed to 44 emergency residents and 57 emergency physicians.

Results:
The response rate was 62.7% (N = 69/110). Notably, 62% reported no prior engagement in radiation emergency training. The majority of participants had neither employed nor received training in operating radiation detection devices. A significant gap in knowledge emerged, with the median self-reported knowledge score of 50/100. The majority of participants (59%) expressed a need for educational programs and materials.

Conclusion:
Our findings underscore the imperative for enhanced training in radiological incident preparedness for emergency medicine residents and physicians in Oman. The study reveals a clear necessity to bridge the existing gaps in knowledge and attitudes to bolster the readiness of health-care professionals to respond effectively to radiation emergencies.
The “MH17” judgment and its legal implications for the International Court of Justice's ruling in Ukraine v. Russia: a critical appraisal
Authors: Musmeci Daniele 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOn November 17, 2022, the Dutch District Court of The Hague found three persons liable in connection with the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, which occurred in the breakaway oblast of Donetsk in July 2014. Drawing on this judgment, the present essay examines whether the Russian Federation can be regarded as a State actively involved in this incident with a view to investigating to what extent it exercised “overall control” over the Donetsk People's Republic's separatists. Afterwards, the analysis is framed in the context of the wider legal dispute between Ukraine and the Russian Federation before the International Court of Justice, where the former maintained, inter alia, that the latter failed to honour its obligation under the 1999 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism—specifically, by providing the separatists with the “fund” (i.e., a BUK TELAR) that forced the aircraft to crash. Ultimately, the legal implications of the findings are assessed to foresee the outcome of the International Court of Justice's decision on the merits.
Structural bioinformatics studies of six human ABC transporters and their AlphaFold2-predicted water-soluble QTY variants
Authors: Pan Emily , Tao Fei , Smorodina Eva , Zhang Shuguang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest families of membrane proteins and perform diverse functions. Many of them are associated with multidrug resistance that often results in cancer treatment with poor outcomes. Here, we present the structural bioinformatics study of six human ABC membrane transporters with experimentally determined cryo-electron microscopy (CryoEM) structures including ABCB7, ABCC8, ABCD1, ABCD4, ABCG1, ABCG5, and their AlphaFold2-predicted water-soluble QTY variants. In the native structures, there are hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine (L), isoleucine (I), valine (V), and phenylalanine (F) in the transmembrane alpha helices. These hydrophobic amino acids are systematically replaced by hydrophilic amino acids glutamine (Q), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y). Therefore, these QTY variants become water soluble. We also present the superposed structures of native ABC transporters and their water-soluble QTY variants. The superposed structures show remarkable similarity with root mean square deviations between 1.064 and 3.413 Å despite significant (41.90–54.33%) changes to the protein sequence of the transmembrane domains. We also show the differences in hydrophobicity patches between the native ABC transporters and their QTY variants. We explain the rationale behind why the QTY membrane protein variants become water soluble. Our structural bioinformatics studies provide insight into the differences between the hydrophobic helices and hydrophilic helices and will likely further stimulate designs of water-soluble multispan transmembrane proteins and other aggregated proteins. The water-soluble ABC transporters may be useful as soluble antigens to generate therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for combating multidrug resistance in clinics.
Association between glycaemic control and malnutrition in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Thaenpramun Rattiyaphon , Komolsuradej Narucha , Buathong Napakkawat , Srikrajang Siwaluk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMalnutrition is a major problem among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some studies suggest that well glycaemic control increases the risk of frailty due to reduced intake. Therefore, it could be hypothesised that adequate glycaemic controlled patients may be at risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to examine, in older adults with T2DM, the association between adequate glycaemic control and malnutrition as well as identify the risk factors for malnutrition. Data including general characteristics, health status, depression, functional abilities, cognition and nutrition status were analysed. Poor nutritional status is defined as participants assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment as being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Adequate glycaemic control refers to an HbA1c level that meets the target base in the American Diabetes Association 2022 guidelines with individualised criteria. There were 287 participants with a median (interquartile range) age of 64 (61–70) years, a prevalence of poor nutrition, 15 %, and adequate glycaemic control, 83·6 %. This study found no association between adequate glycaemic control and poor nutrition (P = 0·67). The factors associated with poor nutritional status were low monthly income (adjusted OR (AOR) 4·66, 95 % CI 1·28, 16·98 for income < £118 and AOR 7·80, 95 % CI 1·74, 34·89 for income £118–355), unemployment (AOR 4·23, 95 % CI 1·51, 11·85) and cognitive impairment (AOR 5·28, 95 % CI 1·56, 17·93). These findings support the notion that older adults with T2DM should be encouraged to maintain adequate glycaemic control without concern for malnutrition, especially those who have low income, unemployment or decreased cognitive functions.
A theory of plural constituent power for federal systems
Authors: Aroney Nicholas , Duke George , Tierney Stephen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFederations present difficulties for prevailing theories of constituent power, which usually attribute ultimate constitution-making authority to a singular people. This article examines how a ‘pluralized’ constituent power functions in federal systems. It argues that the operation of plural constituent power in federations reflects a distinctive model of constitutional formation according to which a ‘polity of polities’ is established and sustained through the maintenance of a tension between plurality and unity.
Waria, Worship, and Welfare: Exploring Trans Women's Conditions of Precarity Amidst COVID-19 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Fadhlina Amirah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to the widescale impact of 212 Action's anti-blasphemy campaign in 2016, there has been a spike in Islamic moral panic discourse and religiously driven vigilante attacks targeting LGBTQ citizens in Indonesia. Simultaneously, gender nonconforming citizens who have gained social recognition, like a segment of transwomen communities called waria, have continued to carve out alternative spaces and subvert anti-LGBTQ discourse. Waria activists in Yogyakarta, for instance, created the world's first trans-led Islamic boarding school in 2008. Despite suffering attacks from Front Jihad Islam members in 2016, the school has managed to reopen and even to expand its services further for waria communities. In capturing the recent trajectory of activism at the waria Islamic boarding school, this article highlights the multifaceted conditions of precarity faced by Muslim waria in Yogyakarta in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Presenting ethnographic data from the summer of 2022, this paper argues that since the pandemic, in addition to demanding the right to practice Islam, Muslim waria activists have increasingly focused on wellbeing (e.g., food sustainability and emergency shelter) in their rights advocacy in Yogyakarta. Merely perceiving the Islamic boarding school as a site of religious activism diminishes a fundamental aspect of its current grassroots efforts, which is to gain access to basic welfare — a key strategy for the survival of LGBTQ citizens in Yogyakarta and beyond. With greater socioeconomic and psychological uncertainties sparked by COVID-19, human rights for waria and what holistic security means for Indonesian LGBTQ citizens, must also be carefully understood through a lens of health, welfare, and wellbeing.
Infrared Radiative Effects of Increasing CO2 and CH4 on the Atmosphere in Antarctica Compared to the Arctic
Authors: Notholt Justus , Schmithüsen Holger , Buschmann Matthias , Kleidon Axel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe simulated the seasonal temperature evolution in the atmosphere of Antarctica and the Arctic focusing on infrared processes. Contributions by other processes were parametrized and kept fixed throughout the simulations. The model was run for current CO2 and CH4 and for doubled concentrations. For doubling CH4 the warming in Antarctica is restricted to the lowest few hundred meters above the surface while in the Arctic we find a warming in the whole troposphere. We find that the amount of water is the main driver for the differences between both polar regions. When increasing both, CO2 and CH4 from pre‐industrial values to current concentrations, and averaged over the whole troposphere, we find a warming of 0.42 K for the Arctic and a slight cooling of 0.01 K for Antarctica. Our results contribute to the understanding of the lack of warming seen in Antarctica throughout the last decades.