bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for alveolar regeneration: effect of tissue occlusion on alveolar bone regeneration with guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Polimeni Giuseppe , Koo Ki‐Tae , Qahash Mohammed , Xiropaidis Andreas V. , Albandar Jasim M. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectives: Design criteria for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) devices include biocompatibility, cell occlusion, space‐provision, tissue integration, and ease of use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cell occlusion and space‐provision on alveolar bone regeneration in conjunction with GTR.Methods: Routine, critical‐size, 6 mm, supra‐alveolar, periodontal defects were created in 6 young adult Beagle dogs. Space‐providing ePTFE devices, with or without 300‐μm laser‐drilled pores were implanted to provide for GTR. Treatments were alternated between left and right jaw quadrants in subsequent animals. The gingival flaps were advanced for primary intention healing. The animals were euthanized at week 8 post surgery. The histometric analysis assessed regeneration of alveolar bone relative to space‐provision by the ePTFE device.Results: A significant relationship was observed between bone regeneration and space‐provision for defect sites receiving the occlusive (β=0.194; p<0.02) and porous (β=0.229; p<0.0004) GTR devices irrespective of treatment (p=0.14). The bivariate analysis showed that both space‐provision and device occlusivity significantly enhanced bone regeneration. Hence, sites receiving the occlusive GTR device and sites with enhanced space‐provision showed significantly greater bone regeneration compared to sites receiving the porous GTR device (p=0.03) or more limited space‐provision (p=0.0002).Conclusions: Cell occlusion and space‐provision may significantly influence the magnitude of alveolar bone regeneration in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration.
Periodontal repair in dogs: evaluation of a bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CeredexTM) as a carrier for rhBMP‐2
Authors: Sorensen Rachel G. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Kinoshita Atsuhiro , Wozney John M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) has been shown to induce clinically relevant bone formation for orthopedic, craniofacial, and oral indications. It appears critical, in particular for onlay indications, that the associated carrier technology exhibits structural integrity to offset compressive forces in support of rhBMP‐2‐induced bone formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate a calcium phosphate (CP) cement, Ceredex™, as a candidate carrier for rhBMP‐2 in a defect model with limited osteogenic potential.Materials: Bilateral, critical size, 6‐mm, supra‐alveolar, periodontal defects were created in six, adult, male, Hound Labrador mongrels. Three animals received rhBMP‐2/Ceredex™ (rhBMP‐2 at 0.20 and 0.40 mg/ml) in contralateral defect sites (implant volume/defect ∼1 ml). One defect site in each of the three remaining animals received Ceredex™ without rhBMP‐2 (control). The animals were euthanized at 12 weeks postsurgery for histologic and histometric analysis.Results: Mean induced bone height exceeded 80% of the defect height for supra‐alveolar periodontal defects receiving rhBMP‐2/Ceredex™ without major differences between rhBMP‐2 concentrations compared with approximately 40% for the control. The newly formed bone, a mixture of lamellar and woven bone in fibrovascular tissue, circumscribed relatively large portions of the residual Ceredex™ biomaterial. Inflammatory lesions were associated with limited bone formation in some sites. From a periodontal perspective, sites receiving rhBMP‐2/Ceredex™ exhibited increased cementum formation compared with control, but without a functionally oriented periodontal ligament, and increased ankylosis and root resorption. Control sites exhibited early wound failure and exposure, loss of the Ceredex™ biomaterial, and limited bone formation.Conclusions: The Ceredex™ CP cement appears a potentially promising carrier technology for rhBMP‐2 onlay indications. However, a slow resorption rate may prevent its wider use. This study does not support use of the rhBMP‐2/Ceredex™ combination for periodontal indications.
Tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and placental plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐2) in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Authors: Ullbro Christer , Kinnby Bertil , Lindberg Pia , Matsson Lars 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectives: Numerous patients with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) express a severe periodontal inflammation that results in premature loss of deciduous and permanent teeth. The plasminogen activating (PA) system is involved in physiological and pathological processes including epithelial healing, extracellular proteolysis and local inflammatory reactions. The aim of the study was to explore a possible role of the PA system in patients with PLS.Material and Methods: Samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from areas with gingival infection in 20 patients with PLS and in 20 healthy controls. The concentration of tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and inhibitor (PAI‐2) was measured with ELISA.Results: The median level of PAI‐2 was significantly higher (p<0.01) in PLS patients than in the controls, while the median value of t‐PA did not differ between the groups. No difference in t‐PA or PAI‐2 levels was found regarding age, gender or presence of active periodontal disease.Conclusion: The findings indicate an atypical activity of the PA system with a disturbed epithelial function in PLS patients, suggesting that the periodontal destruction seen in patients with PLS is secondary to a hereditary defect in the defense system.
Evaluation of additional amine fluoride/stannous fluoride‐containing mouthrinse during supportive therapy in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Guarnelli Maria Elena , Zangari Francesca , Manfrini Roberta , Scapoli Chiara , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectives: The objective of the present randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a mouthrinse containing a combination of AmF/SnF2 in controlling supragingival plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation during a 12‐week period in patients affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).Methods: Eighteen subjects, six males and 12 females, mean age: 32.2 years, were evaluated. One‐half of the patients was either prescribed an AmF/SnF2‐containing mouthrinse (test mouthrinse) or a control mouthrinse in addition to mechanical plaque control for 12 weeks. After a 2‐week wash‐out period, the patients received the alternative mouthrinse. Before and after treatment plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), angulated bleeding index (AngBI), tooth stain (GMSI), and tongue stain were recorded.Results: Test mouthrinse resulted in a statistically significant decrease in PlI (p=0.029) and GI (p=0.017). After treatment, PlI was significantly lower in test compared to control mouthrinse (p=0.027). GMSI significantly increased post‐treatment for both mouthrinse regimens (p<0.001), a significantly higher score being observed for the test compared to control mouthrinse (p=0.002).Conclusions: The 12‐week use of a AmF/SnF2‐containing mouthrinse as an adjunct to conventional mechanical oral hygiene procedures in GAP patients was effective in controlling the amount of supragingival plaque deposits.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and ‐3 gene promoter polymorphisms in Japanese patients with periodontitis
Authors: Itagaki Manami , Kubota Takehiko , Tai Hideaki , Shimada Yasuko , Morozumi Toshiya , Yamazaki Kazuhisa 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground/aims: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and MMP‐3 have important roles in the connective tissue remodelling and destruction processes in periodontitis. MMP‐1 1G/2G (−1607) and MMP‐3 5A/6A (−1171) polymorphisms have been identified and appear to influence the transcription of the genes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these gene promoter polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility to periodontitis.Material and Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 37 generalised aggressive, 205 slight‐to‐severe generalised chronic‐periodontitis patients and 142 healthy subjects. All subjects were non‐smoking Japanese. We genotyped by using TaqMan® PCR assay. The statistics were analysed by χ2‐test.Results: We found no significant differences in genotype distributions, allele frequencies, carriage rates and haplotype frequencies in the MMP‐1 and the MMP‐3 gene promoter polymorphisms among all groups. The distributions of MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 genotypes in our study were different from those of previously reported in Caucasians or Brazilians, but consistent with previously reported in Japanese.Conclusion: Our data did not support the hypothesis that MMP‐1 and/or MMP‐3 gene promoter polymorphisms influenced the susceptibility to periodontitis in Japanese patients, indicating MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 expressions were regulated by complex processes such as cytokine network in periodontal disease rather than gene polymorphisms.
P‐glycoprotein drug transporter MDR1 gene polymorphism in renal transplant patients with and without gingival overgrowth
Authors: Drozdzik M. , Mysliwiec K. , Lewinska‐Chelstowska M. , Banach J. , Drozdzik A. , Grabarek J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective: To determine whether there is association between genotypes of drug transporter multidrug resistant (MDR)1 gene coding drug transporter P‐glycoprotein and gingival overgrowth in kidney transplant patients.Methods: Fifty‐four unrelated kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth as well 120 control transplant patients without overgrowth were enrolled into the study. Gingival overgrowth was assessed by two independent periodontal specialists at 6 months after transplantation. During the post‐transplant period all patients were given medication, which included cyclosporine A, diltiazem or verapamil, prednisone, azathioprine. MDR1 C3435T polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.Results: In kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth mean score of gingival overgrowth was 1.43±0.63, whereas in control subjects was 0.0. Patients with gingival overgrowth induced by immunosuppressive medication were characterized by similar distribution of MDR1 genotypes. There were no significant differences of 3435CC, 20.4% and 22.5%, 3435CT, 61.1% and 54.2% and 3435TT, 18.5% and 23.3% genotypes (frequencies) between patients with and without gingival overgrowth. The risk of gingival overgrowth was the highest among patients carrying 3435CT genotype (OD 1.33), but did not differ markedly from the other genotypes, i.e. 3435CC (OD 0.88) and 3435TT (OD 0.75). Likewise to genotypes, distribution of alleles was similar in patients with gingival overgrowth and healthy gingiva. The wild‐type allele 3435C was found in 50.9% and 49.6% of subjects whereas the mutated allele 3435T was revealed in 49.1% and 50.4% of patients with and without gingival overgrowth, respectively. The evaluated risk of gingival overgrowth in patients with 3435C allele was 1.06 versus 0.95 in those with healthy gingiva. The medication regimen administered in both groups of the study was comparable. Immunohistochemical studies revealed expression of P‐glycoprotein in ducts of the salivary gland.Conclusion: No association between the MDR1 gene polymorphism and gingival overgrowth was revealed in kidney transplant patients administered cyclosporine A as a principal immunosuppressive agent. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of P‐glycoprotein in drug transport in salivary glands.
Prevalence of horizontal attachment loss in extracted teeth
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuo , Ishikawa Akira , Watanabe Yutaka , Hirano Naoya , Shibata Yoshihiro , Watanabe Tatsuo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective: Probing attachment level provides useful information on patterns of destruction of the periodontium. It is difficult to detect complex attachment loss in clinics. The purpose of this study was to estimate prevalence of vertical and horizontal attachment loss in extracted teeth.Material and Methods: We collected 10,212 extracted teeth from 130 dentists in Japan. After staining of periodontal membrane with erythrosine, linear loss of vertical and horizontal attachment was measured using a digital caliper.Results: Mean vertical attachment loss varied from 5.3 to 8.6 mm. Incisors had severe attachment loss at mesial sites. Specific local attachment loss at palatal sites was observed in maxillary premolars and molars as well as in mandibular canines and premolars. Horizontal attachment loss was observed in 23% of the teeth. Frequency of horizontal attachment loss of 2.1 mm was 6.4%.Conclusion: Severe attachment loss was observed on the palatal side of maxillary premolars. More than 1/3 of the maxillary first molars showed horizontal attachment loss. It may be impossible to debride 6.4% of teeth in cases of severe periodontitis because horizontal attachment loss may be deeper than the curette blade length.
Microbiological shifts in intra‐ and extraoral habitats following mechanical periodontal therapy
Authors: Beikler Thomas , Abdeen Ghiath , Schnitzer Stefan , Sälzer Sonja , Ehmke Benjamin , Heinecke Achim , Flemmig Thomas F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the intra‐ and extraoral colonization dynamics of periodontal pathogens following supra‐ and subgingival debridement.Material and Methods: Thirty five patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Supra‐ and subgingival plaque samples, saliva, and swab samples from mucosa and extraoral sites were taken at baseline and 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after mechanical periodontal therapy. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), and Treponema denticola (Td) were identified by PCR.Results: Supra‐ and subgingival debridement decreased the number of subgingival sites infected with the analyzed pathogens only transiently, if at all. However, the detection frequencies of Tf, Td, Ec, Pi, and Pn in the supragingival region, of Pg, Td, and Pn at the oral mucosa sites (mostly the tongue), and of all pathogens except Aa in saliva increased over the 6‐month observation period. Td was the only pathogen recorded in notable quantities in the extraoral habitat (external ear canal).Conclusion: The results indicate that supra‐ and subgingival debridement results in a dissemination of periodontal pathogens within the oral cavity.
Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline as adjunctive treatment for periodontitis
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , Hefti Arthur F. , Jepsen Søren , Etienne Daniel , Walker Clay , Bradshaw Mark H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground: Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD – 20 mg doxycycline twice daily) is indicated as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis. Doxycycline downregulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), key destructive enzymes in periodontal disease. Current understanding of periodontal pathogenesis suggests that MMPs play a major role in the destruction of periodontal tissues, leading to the clinical signs of periodontitis. Research supports that downregulation of MMPs by SDD confers benefit to patients with periodontitis.Method: We review the clinical, microbiological and safety data relating to the use of SDD in patients with periodontitis, and consider the historical events that led to the development of adjunctive SDD as a treatment for periodontitis.Results: Studies have shown that SDD, when prescribed as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), results in statistically and clinically significant gains in clinical attachment levels and reductions in probing depths over and above those that are achieved by SRP alone. SRP must be thorough and performed to the highest standard to maximise the benefits of adjunctive SDD. SDD does not result in antibacterial effects, or lead to the development of resistant strains or the acquisition of multiantibiotic resistance. The frequency of adverse events is low, and does not differ significantly from placebo.Conclusions: Adjunctive SDD confers clinical benefit to patients with periodontitis. A comprehensive treatment strategy is suggested, involving patient education and motivation, reduction of the bacterial burden by SRP, host response modulation with SDD, and periodontal risk factor modification.
A clinical comparison of an oscillating/rotating powered toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: McCracken G. I. , Heasman L. , Stacey F. , Steen N. , DeJager M. , Heasman P. A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectives:Primary objective: To compare the relative efficacy of an oscillating/rotating powered toothbrush to that of a conventional manual toothbrush in a group of periodontal patients over a 16‐month period with respect to plaque control.Secondary objective: To compare differences in pocket depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) between the two groups over a 16‐month period.Material and Methods: Forty patients were recruited to a 16‐month, single‐blind, two‐group, randomised, parallel group clinical trial to compare the effects of manual and oscillating/rotating powered toothbrushes in a cohort of patients with chronic periodontitis. None of the patients had previous experience of using an oscillating/rotating brush and had a mean plaque index (PI) of >2.0 (modified Quigley and Hein index) at baseline. Patients were stratified by gender, age and smoking status then randomised to using a manual or an oscillating/rotating brush for the duration of the study. Conventional non‐surgical periodontal therapy was undertaken within the first month after baseline. PI was the primary outcome measure with PDs and BI also recorded at baseline and months 3, 6, 10 and 16.Results: Mean full‐mouth (FM) scores at baseline for oscillating/rotating brushing and manual brushing groups were as foolows: PI, 3.4 and 3.5; BI, 1.7 and 1.5; and PD, 3.4 and 3.3. The mean reduction in FM scores from baseline to 16 months were: PI, 0.72 and 0.75; PD, 0.43 and 0.57; and BI, 0.74 and 0.83, respectively. Repeated measures anova were used to compare differences between groups (adjusted for baseline levels) at months 3, 6, 10 and 16 and showed no statistically significant difference between groups for PI and PD (p>0.05). A difference of 0.2 BI units was detected in favour of the manual brushing group (p=0.04).Conclusion: Over a 16‐month period, there were no differences in PI reduction or PD reduction between patients who underwent non‐surgical management of chronic periodontal disease and used either an oscillating/rotating powered toothbrush or a conventional manual toothbrush. A difference in gingival bleeding reduction was detected in favour of the patients allocated the manual brush.
Effect of platelet‐released growth factors and collagen type I on osseous regeneration of mandibular defects
Authors: Fuerst Gabor , Reinhard Gruber , Tangl Stefan , Mittlböck Martina , Sanroman Fidel , Watzek Georg 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective: To study the effects of platelet‐released growth factors (PRGF) and collagen type I on bone defect healing in minipig mandibles.Material and Methods: In eight adult minipigs defects were trephined in the facial mandibular wall from extra‐oral and filled with collagen+PRGF or with collagen alone. Control defects were left untreated. PRGF were defined as the supernatants obtained after centrifugation of washed, thrombin‐activated allogenic cells of platelet‐rich plasma. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. For histological analysis, undecalcified ground specimens stained with the Levai–Laczko stain were used.Results: For the entire follow‐up, the amount of newly formed bone was 35.49±3.84% in the collagen+PRGF group, 46.34±3.84% in the collagen‐only group and 33.83±4.11% in the controls. The differences between the collagen+PRGF and the collagen‐only group (p=0.0343), and between the collagen‐only group and the controls (p=0.0305) were significant. Histologically, defects filled with collagen+PRGF showed inflammatory reactions at 4 weeks, and new bone formation near the remnants of the filler collagen was reduced.Conclusion: The data suggest that collagen type I alone, but not its combination with PRGF can support the early stages of cortical bone repair.
Clinical outcomes following treatment of human intrabony defects with GTR/bone replacement material or access flap alone
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Lang Niklaus P. , Suvan Jean E. , Adriaens Patrick , Dubravec Dominik , Fonzar Alberto , Fourmousis Ioannis , Rasperini Giulio , Rossi Roberto , Silvestri Maurizio , Topoll Heinz , Wallkamm Beat , Zybutz Michael 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAim: This prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of papilla preservation flap surgery with or without the application of a guided tissue regeneration (GTR)/bone replacement material.Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty‐four patients with advanced chronic periodontitis were recruited in 10 centers in seven countries. All patients had at least one intrabony defect of 3 mm. The surgical procedures included access for root instrumentation using either the simplified or the modified papilla preservation flap in order to obtain optimal tissue adaptation and primary closure. After debridement, the regenerative material was applied in the test subjects, and omitted in the controls. At baseline and 1 year following the interventions, clinical attachment levels (CALs), probing pocket depths (PPDs), recession, full‐mouth plaque scores and full‐mouth bleeding scores (FMBS) were assessed.Results: One year after treatment, the test defects gained 3.3±1.7 mm of CAL, while the control defects yielded a significantly lower CAL gain of 2.5±1.5 mm. Pocket reduction was also significantly higher in the test group (3.7±1.8 mm) when compared with the controls (3.2±1.5 mm). A multivariate analysis indicated that the treatment, the clinical centers, baseline PPD and baseline FMBS significantly influenced CAL gains. Odds ratios (ORs) of achieving above‐median CAL gains were significantly improved by the test procedure (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.4) and by starting with deeper PPD (OR=1.7, 1.3–2.2) but were decreased by receiving treatment at the worst‐performing clinical center (OR=0.9, 0.76–0.99).Conclusions: The results of this trial indicated that regenerative periodontal surgery with a GTR/bone replacement material offers an additional benefit in terms of CAL gains, PPD reductions and predictability of outcomes with respect to papilla preservation flaps alone.