bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ownership Patterns and Control in Turkish Listed Companies
Authors: Demirag Istemi , Serter Mehmet 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this paper is to document the prevalent ownership concentration, structure and control in the top 100 companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The results are discussed in the context of emerging corporate governance trends in Turkey. Where appropriate, comparisons with other countries are provided.The results of the study indicate that ownership of Turkish companies is highly concentrated, families being the dominant shareholders. The separation of ownership and control among Turkish companies is mainly achieved through pyramidal ownership structures and the presence of big business groups. However, the cash flow and voting rights in Turkish companies are relatively more aligned compared to other family–ownership–dominated insider–system countries.
Review article: Early Medieval Hungary in English
Authors: Stephenson Paul 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Bak, J.M., Bónis, G., and Sweeney, J.R., (eds.) Decreta Regni Mediaevalis HungariaeVeszprémy, L. and Schaer, F., (eds.) Simonis de Kéza, Gesta HungarorumCsernus, S. and Korompay, K., (eds) Les Hongrois et l'Europe: Conquête et IntégrationKristó, Gyula, Hungarian History in the Ninth CenturyRóna‐Tas, András, The Hungarians and Early Medieval Europe. An Introduction to Early Medieval Hungarian History.
The impact of unemployment on inequality and poverty in OECD countries
Authors: Martínez Rosa , Ayala Luis , Ruiz‐Huerta Jesús 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this research is to examine the contribution of unemployment to income inequality and poverty in various OECD countries. These relationships have been explored using Luxembourg Income Study micro‐data. Considerable differences across OECD countries are revealed through the use of within‐household unemployment distributions. These differences help to explain most of the observed divergences in the relationship between unemployment and income distribution, in conjunction with the heterogeneous influence of social benefits on the economic position of the unemployed in these countries. A sub‐group decomposition analysis corroborates the limited effect of unemployment on income distribution in most of the considered countries. However, it seems clear that the unemployed are among those with the highest risk of experiencing poverty.JEL classification: D31, I32, J31.
The impact of China’s WTO accession on trade and economic relations across the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Wang Zhi 
Published: March 2003

This paper evaluates the impact of China’s World Trade Organisation (WTO) accession on trade and economic relations across the Taiwan Strait and its implications for the rest of the world by a recursive dynamic, 17‐region, 25‐sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model according to actual market access commitments that China and Taiwan have made to date. The simulation results show that both China and Taiwan will substantially benefit from their WTO memberships, and their economic interdependence and their dependence within the rest of the world will further deepen. The rest of the world may also benefit because of the expansion of world trade and improvement of their international terms of trade, but some developing countries with an endowment structure similar to China, like those in South America and Southeast Asia, may experience keener competition in labour‐intensive exports and lower prices for their products.JEL classification: F1, F02, C68, P52.
What keeps pensioners at work in Russia? Evidence from Household Panel Data
Authors: Kolev Alexandre , Pascal Anne 
Published: March 2003

The proportion of working pensioners in Russia is high relative to what is usually observed in several Eastern and Western European countries. In this paper, we present an analysis of the determinants of pensioner employment, using panel data from the on‐going Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for the period 1994‐99. Given the sharp deterioration in the safety net in recent years, a particular attempt is made to assess the role of inadequate pension benefits, along with other individual, household, and local labour market characteristics, in driving up the employment rate of older people during transition. Both the probability of holding a job and the number of hours worked are modeled. The microeconometric analysis confirms the role that family income and access to alternative coping mechanisms such as subsistence farming play in pensioner employment for women, but also stresses for both men and women the importance of age, education, and health status. Finally, the results show a low sensitivity of pensioner employment to pension arrears and pension benefits, indicating that even the full payment of benefits may be too low to significantly affect the decision to remain in employment.JEL classification: C33, H55, J14, J21, P36.
A test of the permanent income hypothesis on Czech voucher privatization
Authors: Hanousek Jan , Tůma Zdeněk 
Published: March 2003

In 1992 the Czech Republic privatized state assets, which resulted in some citizens receiving an unexpected windfall. Whether the windfall was consumed or saved provides a clear test of the permanent income hypothesis in a transitional economy. Analysis of data from a survey conducted specifically to test this hypothesis indicates that only a small number of transferred assets were consumed, a finding which is consistent with the permanent income hypothesis.JEL classification: D31, E21, H24.
Contractual governance, business groups and transition
Authors: Kali Raja 
Published: March 2003

We suggest a unified framework to explain the following stylized pattern in the development of contractual governance and industrial organization. Contractual governance in many emerging economies is characterized by relational contracting. Coincident with relational contracts are large, diversified organizations — often referred to as business groups. As institutions and market intermediaries develop, a process of transition from relational contracting to arms‐length explicit contracting takes place. During this phase relational and explicit contracts complement each other. Business groups initially expand in size, scope and increase the strength of ties. As development proceeds, a threshold is crossed after which business groups begin to unravel. This process of transition in contractual governance is often accompanied by a period of rapid growth, which eventually comes to a stop.JEL classification: L22, L14, O17.
Privatization and enterprise wage structures during transition: Evidence from rural industry in china
Authors: Ho Samuel P.S. , Dong Xiao–Yuan , Bowles Paul , MacPhail Fiona 
Published: March 2003

Wage structures in transition economies usually diverge significantly from their centrally–planned predecessors. Using a matched sample of employees and enterprises, we examine the effects of privatization on wage structures in rural industry in two provinces of China. We find that privatization was associated with increased wage and earnings inequality. We report increased returns to education, increased returns to experience for mid–age workers, and increases in gender wage discrimination. We find these aspects of wage structures are similar in different types of private ownership emerging from the reform process.JEL classification: P31, P23, P26 and J31.
Exchange rate exposure, foreign involvement and currency hedging of firms: some Swedish evidence
Authors: Nydahl* Stefan 
Published: March 2003

This paper investigates the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on a firm’s value, the so‐called exchange rate exposure, for a sample of Swedish firms. In contrast to previous results, using U.S. data, the values of Swedish firms, as reflected in the stock price, seem quite sensitive to movements in the exchange rate. Studying the cross sectional differences in exposure, the estimated exposure is positively and significantly related to the fractional of total sales made abroad and negatively related to the use of currency derivatives.F30, G10
Anatomy of the Eurobond Market 1980–2000
Authors: Claes Anouk , De Ceuster Marc J.K. , Polfliet Ruud 
Published: March 2003

In this paper, we provide descriptive evidence of primary market activity in the Eurobond market for the period 1980–2000. This study explores the Bondware Database that contains 33,024 publicly issued Eurobonds. We analyse some characteristics of the issuers (nationality, industry and credit quality), the intermediary parties (bookrunners, lead managers, ...) and the structures used for the bonds (currencies, size, years to maturity, interest and repayment structure, embedded options).
Historical Masculinities: Regulation, Fantasy and Empire
Authors: Davin Anna 
Published: March 2003

Dawson, Graham Soldier Heroes: British Adventure, Empire, and the Imagining of MasculinitySussman, Herbert Victorian Masculinities: Manhood and Masculine Poetics in Early Victorian Literature and ArtHall, Donald E. (ed.) Muscular Christianity: Embodying the Victorian AgeKestner, John Masculinities in Victorian Painting
The Struggle for Australian History
Authors: Smith Bonnie G. 
Published: March 2003

Dixson, Miriam The Real Matilda: Women and Identity in Australia 1788 to the PresentFerres, Kay (ed.) The Time to Write: Australian Women Writers 1890–1930Grimshaw, Patricia, Lake, Marilyn, McGrath, Ann and Quartly, Marian Creating a Nation 1788–1990Summers, Anne Damned Whores and God’s PoliceRobinson, Portia The Women of Botany Bay
Futures for Feminist Histories
Authors: Cox Pamela 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Gerda Lerner, Why History Matters: Life and ThoughtBarbara Laslett, Ruth‐Ellen B. Joeres, Mary Jo Maynes, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham and Jeanne Barker‐Nunn (eds), History and Theory: Feminist Research, Debates, ContestationsJoan Wallach Scott (ed.), Feminism and History
Gender, Slavery and the Making of New World Identities
Authors: Patterson Tiffany Ruby 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:David Barry Gaspar and Darlene Clark Hine (eds), More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the AmericasMaggie Montesinos Sale, The Slumbering Volcano: American Slave Ship Revolts and the Production of Rebellious Masculinity
Women's History and Biography
Authors: Williamson Lori 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Helen M. Hopper, A New Woman of Japan: A Political Biography of Kato‐ShidzueDelia Jarrett‐Macauley, The Life of Una Marson 1905‐65Cynthia Nelson, Doria Shafik, Egyptian Feminist: A Woman ApartJudith Olmstead, Woman Between Two Worlds: Portrait of an Ethiopian RuralLeaderLizabeth Paravisini‐Gebert, Phyllis Shand Allfrey: A Caribbean Life
Of Sheep and Scribbling: Women and Writing in (Mostly) Early Modern England
Authors: Clarke Norma 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Kevin Pask, The Emergence of the English Author: Scripting the Life of the Poet in Early Modern EnglandCarol Barash, English Women’s Poetry 1649‐1714: Politics, Community and Linguistic AuthorityAnna Battigelli, Margaret Cavendish and the Exiles of the MindHelen Wilcox (ed.), Women and Literature in Britain 1500‐1700Jeni Williams, Interpreting Nightingales: Gender, Class and Histories
Gender, Politics and Mass Culture
Authors: Kibler M. Alison 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Margaret Finnegan, Selling Suffrage: Consumer Culture and Votes for WomenNan Enstad, Ladies of Labor, Girls of Adventure: Working Women, Popular Culture, and Labor Politics at the Turn of the Twentieth CenturyAlison M. Parker, Purifying America: Women, Cultural Reform and Pro‐Censorship Activism, 1873‐1933
Slavery, Gender and the Meanings of Freedom
Authors: Lasser Carol 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Paul Goodman, Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial EqualityLeslie A. Schwalm, A Hard Fight for We: Women's Transition from Slavery to Freedom in South CarolinaAmy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract: Wage Labor, Marriage and the Market in the Age of Slave EmancipationMarli Weiner, Mistresses and Slaves: Plantation Women in South Carolina, 1830–1880
Maternalism and Its Discontents
Authors: Frost Jennifer 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in thgis article:Elizabeth J. Clapp, Mothers of All Children: Women Reformers and the Rise of Juvenile Courts in Progressive Era AmericaEstelle B. Freedman, Maternal Justice: Miriam Van Waters and the Female Reform TraditionMolly Ladd‐Taylor and Lauri Umansky (eds),‘Bad’ Mothers: The Politics of Blame in Twentieth‐Century America
Alternative Cartographies of the British Women’s Movement
Authors: Rendall Jane 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Elizabeth Crawford, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928Peter Gordon and David Doughan, with a foreword by Sheila Rowbotham, Dictionary of British Women’s Organisations 1825–1960Sybil Oldfield, Collective Biography of Women in Britain, 1550–1900: A Select Annotated Bibliography
Men’s History, Gender History, or Cultural History?
Authors: Dierks Konstantin 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Shawn Johansen, Family Men: Middle–Class Fatherhood in Industrializing AmericaMartin A. Berger, Man Made: Thomas Eakins and the Construction of Gilded Age ManhoodMatthew Basso, Laura McCall and Dee Garceau (eds), Across the Great Divide: Cultures of Manhood in the American West
Ideologies and Forms of Domination in the Organization of the Global Production and Consumption of Goods in the Emerging Postmodern Era: A Case Study of Nike Corporation and the Implications for Gender
Authors: Carty Victoria 
Published: March 2003

This paper uses a case study of Nike Corporation to examine some of the contradictory gender‐based ideologies involved in the two main processes of the production and consumption of athletic footwear: manufacturing and advertising. It uses the newly developing paradigm within world‐system theory, a commodity chain analysis, to compare and contrast the social relations of gender within each of these two segments at both the micro‐ and macro‐level. Noting the increasing importance of advertising and consumption patterns accompanying emerging post‐industrial, postmodern trends, this paper highlights the need for political economy analyses to address more cautiously cultural, political and social factors involved in the production and consumption of goods.This study employs an exploratory approach, using gender as a variable to detect linkages between the economic and cultural realms at the individual and global level. Drawing on some of the post‐Marxist literature, it points to new potential for alliances in forging social change. The main attempt is to expand upon development theory which tends to neglect the role of gender, while also expanding studies of gender by investigating gender issues within the framework of the global political economy.
Women in the Field: Women, Farming and Organizations
Authors: Shortall Sally 
Published: March 2003

One striking feature of farming as an occupation is that there are few women who farm in their own right. The passing of land from father to son means that women rarely own land. Their typical entry to farming is through marriage. Women's route of entry to farming affects interpersonal relationships within the family, and also women's role in the public space of farming. Women are under‐represented in farming organizations, in training programmes, and in the politics of farming.This article focuses on the position of women within farming organizations and the interaction between (male) farming organizations and women's farming organizations. Farmers are an extremely well‐organized occupation and wield considerable political power because of this effective organization. However, farming organizations are almost entirely male. This article examines how women are treated within farming organizations, and also the interaction between (male) farming organizations and women's farming organizations. Drawing on the theory of organizations, I argue that the inclusion of women in farming organizations and the existence of women's farming organizations reinforce gender divisions within agriculture and do not in any way question the understanding of men as farmers, or the political power they hold.
Green Tax Reform and Competitiveness
Authors: Koskela Erkki , Sinn Hans-Werner , Schöb Ronnie 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This paper studies a revenue-neutral green tax reform that substitutes energy for wage taxes in an open economy with unemployment. As long as the labour tax rate exceeds the energy tax rate, such a reform will increase employment, reduce the domestic firms' unit cost of production and hence increase international competitiveness and output of the economy. The driving force behind these results is the technological substitution process that a green tax reform will bring about. The resulting reduction in unemployment is welfare increasing since energy, which the country has to buy at its true national opportunity cost, is replaced with labour, whose price is above its social opportunity cost.
Walrasian General Equilibrium Allocations and Dynamics in Two-Sector Growth Models
Authors: Jensen Bjarne S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This paper analyzes and solves miniature Walrasian general equilibrium systems of momentary and moving equilibria. The Walrasian framework encompasses the fundamental neoclassical and classical two-sector growth models; the families of solutions of steady-state and persistent growth per capita in various competitive two-sector economies are parametrically characterized. Moreover, the endogenous behavior of relative prices and the sectoral allocation of primary factors are analyzed in detail. The technology parameters of the capital good industry are decisive for obtaining long-run per capita growth in closed (global) economies. A review of the literature complements the theorems on the general equilibrium allocations, dynamic systems, and the time paths of Walrasian two-sector economies.
Legitimacy and the Privatization of Environmental Governance: How Non–State Market–Driven (NSMD) Governance Systems Gain Rule–Making Authority
Authors: Cashore Benjamin 
Published: March 2003

In recent years, transnational and domestic nongovernmental organizations have created non–state market–driven (NSMD) governance systems whose purpose is to develop and implement environmentally and socially responsible management practices. Eschewing traditional state authority, these systems and their supporters have turned to the market’s supply chain to create incentives and force companies to comply.This paper develops an analytical framework designed to understand better the emergence of NSMD governance systems and the conditions under which they may gain authority to create policy. Its theoretical roots draw on pragmatic, moral, and cognitive legitimacy granting distinctions made within organizational sociology, while its empirical focus is on the case of sustainable forestry certification, arguably the most advanced case of NSMD governance globally. The paper argues that such a framework is needed to assess whether these new private governance systems might ultimately challenge existing state–centered authority and public policy–making processes, and in so doing reshape power relations within domestic and global environmental governance.
Measuring Amenity Benefits from Farmland: Hedonic Pricing vs. Contingent Valuation
Authors: READY RICHARD C. , BERGER MARK C. , BLOMQUIST GLENN C. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe amenity value to Kentucky residents from horse farm land was estimated using both the contingent valuation method and the hedonic pricing method. The hedonic pricing model included both the housing and labor markets. A value function estimated from dichotomous choice contingent valuation responses showed that the value of a change in the level of the horse farm amenity was sensitive to the size of the change, with no evidence of value that is independent of the size of the change. The two methods generated estimates of the external benefits from horse farm land that were within 20 percent of each other.
The Influence of Plant Profitability on Plant Closures in Multi‐locational Firms
Authors: KIRKHAM JANET D. , WATTS H. DOUG 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the effect of plant profitability on the closure decision in multi‐locational manufacturing firms where the firm is selecting between different sites undertaking similar production activities. The paper draws upon a new interview survey of large multi‐locational manufacturing firms. Analysis of the interview data shows that plant profitability is the key to understanding only one‐third to one‐half of selective closures and that decisions taken by subsidiaries are more likely to rely on plant profitability measures than decisions taken at the corporate head office. In analyzing a regional economy, a poor level of plant profitability is indicative of a plant at risk of closure but the absence of such a characteristic is not necessarily an indication of an assured future for a plant.
Kin, cash, Catholics and Cavaliers: the role of kinship in the financial management of Major-General John Lambert
Authors: Farr David 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article considers Lambert's financial activities in respect of Catholics and royalists amongst his kin during the Interregnum. It argues that his assistance to them was based on kinship links established prior to 1642, and demonstrates how Lambert's aid was reciprocated by his royalist kin during his long post-Restoration imprisonment. It also illustrates how the image of Lambert's affluent lifestyle contributed to the erosion of the new model army's unity prior to the Restoration. Finally, the article sheds light on the limits of the revolution during these years, as well as highlighting the complexity of Lambert's political and religious outlook.
Profiling the Yorkshire county elector of the early eighteenth century: new material and methods
Authors: Hall Richard 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article investigates the possibilities for re-examining the political motivations of eighteenth-century county electors in the light of their socio-economic status. It focuses upon the linkage of estate and electoral records for several townships in Yorkshire, with particular attention paid to the deeds registries of Yorkshire as a source for the political historian. Whilst the argument stresses the importance of developing a broader understanding of the voters’ motivations, its key conclusion is that the more one knows about individual electors, the less confidence one can have in generalizations based upon aggregate analyses of poll books.
Prescribing Practices in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Change Over Time 1993–2000
Authors: Phillips Tania , Salmon Gill , James Anthony C. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Prescribing practices amongst child and adolescent psychiatrists in other countries appear to have changed in the past 10 years. This study sought to examine changes over the same time period in the UK.Method: A questionnaire survey of prescribing practices of child and adolescent psychiatrists in Oxford Region and Wales was compared with results of a similar survey of Oxford Region 7 years previously.Results: The notable changes over time were an increase in prescribing to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and an increase in prescribing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of depression. The findings between Oxford and Wales in the year 2000 were similar, suggesting that these findings may be generalised throughout Britain.Conclusions: Prescribing practices in the UK may have changed in the past decade with more use of stimulants and SSRIs. This is similar to the changes noted in the USA.