bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptors in lung tumours
Authors: Berger Mark S. , Gullick William J. , Greenfield Charles , Evans Stuart , Addis Bruce J. , Waterfield Michael D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunocytochemical analysis of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor expression was carried out on frozen sections of 109 primary lung tumours resected at the Brompton Hospital from February 1984 to May 1985. Tumours with detectable levels of this proto‐oncogene protein were significantly more frequent among squamous cell carcinomas than among other types of lung tumour. No truncated EGF receptors were detected in the tumours using two monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed against different portions of the receptor (EGFR1 and F4). Mab F4 is the first antibody to the EGF receptor to show reactivity in paraffin sections. Southern blot analysis of a subset of the tumours detected amplification of the EGF receptor gene in squamous cell carcinomas but not in adenocarcinomas. The one carcinosarcoma examined had a re‐arranged and amplified EGF receptor gene. Measurement of EGF receptor expression in lung tumours can be of diagnostic value and may prove to be useful in the development of antibody‐directed therapy.
Pleural mesothelioma of epithelial type and pulmonary adenocarcinoma: An ultrastructural and cytochemical comparison
Authors: Dewar A. , Valente M. , Ring N. P. , Corrin B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwelve diffuse pleural mesotheliomas of epithelial type have been compared with 20 intrapulmonary adenocarcinomas. All mesotheliomas were negative for epithelial mucin by diastase periodic acid Schiff staining and for carcinoembryonic antigen by immunoperoxidase staining, whereas 17/20 carcinomas stained for epithelial mucin and 15/20 for carcinoembryonic antigen. Hyaluronidase‐sensitive alcian blue positive material was present in 6/10 mesotheliomas and 0/20 carcinomas. Previously described electron microscopic differences were validated, including one which has so far received insufficient emphasis: microvilli making direct contact through basement membrane deficiences with collagen fibres on the abluminal side of tumour cells were identified in 10/12 mesotheliomas and in 0/20 carcinomas.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of biliary pathways in primary biliary cirrhosis: A computer‐assisted study
Authors: Yamada Shoji , Howe Stephen , Scheuer Peter J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBile ducts and ductules were traced by means of computerized three‐dimensional reconstruction in seven patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, three of them in the early asymptomatic stage and four of them with late disease. A patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis was also studied. Loss of bile ducts was confirmed, and was greater in the late stages as expected. Reconstruction demonstrated amputation of bile ducts of various sizes ranging from less than 40 μm to more than 80 μm in external diameter. Amputation was sometimes seen in relation to granuloma formation. The main or side branches of ducts could be traced to zones of proliferated ductules which, in turn, often communicated with liver‐cell plates. Clusters of atypical ductules could be seen to communicate with liver‐cell plates but not with ductules and ducts.We concluded that proliferation of ‘typical’ ductules with well‐defined lumens, characteristically seen in primary biliary cirrhosis, probably represents a means whereby bile continues to be drained from the liver in spite of interruption of ducts. Computerized three‐dimensional reconstruction proved to be a rapid and accurate way of accumulating the necessary data.
Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoproteins A–I and B in human carotid arteries
Authors: Carter Richard S. , Siegel Robert J. , Chai Andrew U. , Fishbein Michael C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDecreased plasma levels of apolipoprotein A–I (apo A–I) and increased plasma levels of apolipoprotein B (apo B) have been shown to correlate with increased risk of atherosclerosis. While many studies have investigated the plasma levels of these apolipoproteins with regard to their value as predictors of cardiovascular disease, comparatively little is known about their precise tissue localization in atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of this study was to determine the tissue localization of apo A–I and apo B in atherosclerotic segments of human carotid arteries through the use of immunohistochemical techniques. With tissue samples obtained from surgery and autopsy, apo A–I and apo B were found to be present in atherosclerotic plaques and absent in normal arterial tissue. In the plaques, both apo A–I and apo B were found extracellularly, primarily in the lipid core, but also in connective tissue. In addition, both apo A–I and apo B were found intracellularly in foam cells. This similar intracellular and extracellular distribution of apo A–I and apo B was unexpected, in view of their differing associations with atherosclerosis.
Demonstration of cytokeratins and an epithelial membrane antigen in chondroid chordoma
Authors: Salisbury Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChondroid chordomas are shown to possess cytokeratins and to stain with HMFG‐2 as do ordinary chordomas. These findings support the concepts that these neoplasma are a variant of chordoma and that they are unrelated to myxoid chondrosarcoma.
Gastric submucosal tumours of neurogenic origin with neuroaxonal and schwann cell elements
Authors: Yagihashi Soroku , Kimura Masamichi , Kurotaki Hidekachi , Fukuda Masami , Mikami Yasunori , Ozawa Masanori , Nagai Kazunori 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwelve cases of gastric submucosal tumours, originally diagnosed as leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma, were investigated by staining with the neurogenic markers S‐100 and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Three cases were, in addition, studied by electron microscopy. The tumours stained negatively for desmin, indicating that they were not of smooth muscle origin. All stained positively for S‐100 and NSE. The ultrastructural features in the cases examined by electron microscopy were reminiscent of autonomic nerve structures normally present in the gastric wall. These included fine cytoplasmic processes of Schwann cells, wrapped with complete or incomplete basement membranes, and structures analogous to post‐ganglionic neuroaxonal components. These tumours appear to represent a distinct type of gastric neoplasm originating from autonomic nerve elements in the stomach wall. They are different from previously described schwannomas or neurofibromas. In some of the tumours, identifiably neural elements are relatively a minor component, and the majority of the tumour cells are of undetermined origin. It is suggested that these cells may be poorly differentiated, lacking their antigenic determinants specific to neural differentiation.
Phagocytosis of necrotic muscle in muscle isografts is influenced by the strain, age, and sex of host mice
Authors: Grounds Miranda D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn grafts of skeletal muscle the implanted muscle becomes necrotic, is phagocytosed and replaced by new muscle cells. This study investigates the hypothesis that removal (phagocytosis) of necrotic implanted muscle is impaired in grafts made into old Swiss mice. Isografts (154) of minced muscle were made between young (20 day) and old (140 day) mice of the strains Swiss, AKR, BALBc, C3H and C57BL. Grafts were examined histologically after 7 days. A relationship between impaired phagocytosis and increasing host age was confirmed for male Swiss mice but was not seen with female Swiss mice or the other four strains. The proposal that ageing of bone marrow was responsible for diminished phagocytosis in old Swiss mice was investigated by replacing the marrow of 33 lethally irradiated male Swiss mice with marrow cells from mice of different ages (20 and 140 day), before isografting minced muscle. The results clearly show that macrophage stem cell function is unimpaired with age. Testosterone levels might account for the impaired phagocytosis seen in many sexually mature male Swiss mice. Support for this proposal came from experiments in which 15 mice were castrated before implanting muscle isografts. This study shows that genetic factors rather than the age of mice influenced phagocytosis and muscle formation in grafts.
Changes in autopsy profile—1975 and 1984
Authors: Hartveit F. , Karwinski B. , Giertsen J. Chr. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn 1975 diseases of the circulatory system were the major cause of death in our hospital autopsies, with neoplasia a poor second. In 1984 the situation was the reverse. The reduction in diseases of the circulatory system was due mainly to that in cerebrovascular cases, deaths from coronary artery disease being unchanged. The increase in neoplasia affected older women in particular, who died from less common types of cancer. It is suggested that these patients may have escaped death from cerebrovascular disease and avoided cancers that usually kill in middle age, to die later of other age‐related types that were less common in 1975. The present findings emphasize the importance of recognizing and adjusting to a changing spectrum of disease that is developing in the ageing population found in a West European country.
Prevalence of HPV DNA and viral copy numbers in cervical scrapes from women with normal and abnormal cervices
Authors: Wickenden C. , Malcolm A. D. B. , Byrne M. , Smith C. , Anderson M. C. , Coleman D. V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCervical scrapes were obtained from 215 women with cytologically normal cervices and 74 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and probed for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 by dot‐blot hybridization. Viral copy numbers were determined by densitometric scanning of autoradiographs.The prevalence of HPV DNA in women with normal smears was as follows: 23 per cent of women attending a Family Planning Clinic (FPC), 16 per cent of women attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic, and 48 per cent of women attending a laser follow‐up clinic after treatment of CIN. Ten per cent of women with normal cervices harboured HPV 16. Viral copy numbers ranged from 1300 to 52 800 genome equivalents per cell. Twenty‐seven HPV‐positive women with normal smears (including four patients infected with HPV 16) were followed for up to 3 years. None developed CIN irrespective of copy number.Our results show that HPV is present in normal cervices in the absence of CIN. Copy number has no relation to the development of CIN and factors other than the amount of HPV DNA may trigger the neoplastic process.
Stromal changes in invasive breast carcinoma: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Tamimi Salah O. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe stroma in infiltrating breast carcinomas, with particular reference to stromal spindle cells, has been studied by electron microscopy. A mixture of cells including resting fibroblasts, active fibroblasts, early myofibroblasts, and mature myofibroblasts has been identified. In loose stroma, myofibroblasts possessed prominent organelles and showed secretory products along the cell surface, whereas in dense stroma, there was relative proinence of cytoplasmic filaments as well as other features consistent with a contractile state of myofibroblasts. The degree of myofibroblastic proliferation was related to the growth pattern of the tumour. It is suggested that the infiltrating process of cancer cells is analogous to wound production and healing with continuous granulation tissue and scar formation resulting in the characteristic desmoplastic reaction seen in certain breast carcinomas.
DMSO potentiates aminonucleoside of puromycin nephrosis in rats
Authors: Spear Gerald S. , Nguyen Diep , Conklin Suzanne , Wikle John S. , Fan Joseph , Lan Yuhuan , Allen James , Reineck Scott 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), 3 g/kg body weight, administered daily by the intraperitoneal route, potentiated the proteinuria and formation of tubular casts in aminonucleoside of puromycin (PA) induced nephrosis in Sprague‐Dawley rats. The effect was evident at 4 as well as 8–9 days following PA administration. In the absence of PA, DMSO did not induce proteinuria or cast formation. The mechanism by which DMSO enhanced proteinuria and cast formation is not known.
Immunohistochemical staining of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in paraffin sections using the MB1 and MT1 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Dobson C. M. , Myskow M. W. , Krajewski A. S. , Carpenter F. H. , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have performed a single blind trial to assess the value of the monoclonal antibodies MB1 and MT1 in lymphoma classification. Sixty cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were stained with MB1 and MT1 using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique in paraffin sections. The majority of B tumours (27/33) stained with MB1, and most of the T tumours (24/27) stained with MT1. The MB1 antibody often produced rather weak staining but it was apparently highly specific for B cells, with only three (3/27) of the T tumours (two cases of ‘malignant histiocytosis’ of the intestine (MHI) and one pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma) displaying ‘false’ positivity. The MT1 antibody generally produced very strong staining, but it was not very selective, with 14/33 of the B lymphomas displaying ‘false’ positivity.The cross‐reactivity observed in 17 cases led to only three misdiagnoses, two B tumours being designated as T lymphomas and one T tumour being designated as a B lymphoma. In a few cases (7/17), dual staining with both antibodies precluded firm diagnosis. In other cases (6/17), classification was possible despite some of the tumour cells showing dual staining. The seventeenth case was a plasmacytoma displaying MT1 positivity only.While the monoclonal antibodies MB1 and MT1 are of use in classifying lymphomas in paraffin section, they are not entirely lineage‐specific, and the uncritical use of these two reagents alone may give rise to misdiagnosis; the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies may yield more accurate results. As with any immunohistochemical marker, their limitations should be recognized; interpretation must be judicious and always in the context of the histological appearances.
Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma: An immunohistological study
Authors: Hall P. A. , D'Ardenne A. J. , Richards M. A. , Stansfeld A. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEighteen cases of lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (LPL) have been immunophenotypically characterized with a panel of 26 monoclonal antibodies. All cases expressed leucocyte common antigen, class II MHC and stained with B cell markers (CD19, CD20, CD22) although a variable proportion of tumour cells were noticed to have lost some B cell marker expression. There was some phenotypic heterogeneity with variable immunostaining with KB61, CD21, and CD5. A variable proportion of cells in all cases contained cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. Surface immunoglobulin light chain restriction was demonstrated in 11 cases and heavy chain predominance in 16 cases. Few tumour cells were proliferating as indicated by Ki67 immunostaining. A wide variation in number of macrophages and T lymphocytes were present in association with the tumours. A significant association between the expression of CD5 and the presence of peripheral blood lymphocytosis was noticed (p<0·003) but there was no association between CD5 and co‐expression of IgM and IgD. This data supports an origin from non‐germinal centre cells for LPL and suggests that CD5 expression by B cells may be related to lymphocyte migration. LPL shows some immunological heterogeneity and can present diagnostic difficulties, but its poor prognosis makes it an important category of lymphoma to recognise.
Immunocytochemical demonstration of the association between Legionella pneumophila, its tissue‐destructive protease, and pulmonary lesions in experimental Legionnaires' disease
Authors: Williams Ann , Baskerville A. , Dowsett A. B. , Conlan J. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing immunocytochemical techniques at the light and electron microscope levels, Legionella pneumophila and one of its extracellular proteases were located in the lungs of guinea pigs with experimental Legionnaires' disease (LD). L. pneumophila was immunostained by several peroxidase‐ and gold‐labelling methods for light and electron microscopy. The protease was immunolabelled in tissue fixed in Carnoy's fluid at the light microscopical level and on broth‐grown organisms at the ultrastructural level. It was not labelled in either formalin‐ or glutaraldehyde‐fixed tissue.Using double‐labelling techniques, L. pneumophila and protease were located in the same section and were shown to be intimately associated with pulmonary lesions, providing strong evidence for the role of this protease in LD pneumonia.
Antidesmosomal monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of intracranial tumours
Authors: Parrish Elaine P. , Steart Philip V. , Garrod David R. , Weller Roy O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunocytochemistry has been applied extensively to the diagnosis of intracranial tumours, but meningiomas still present a diagnostic problem. However, desmosomes have been shown by electron microscopy to be present in meningiomas, and this distinguishes them from gliomas. This paper describes a new monoclonal antibody, 11‐5F, against desmosomal proteins 1 and 2 (desmoplakins) and assesses its usefulness in the diagnosis of meningiomas and other intracranial tumours. A total of 74 surgically removed intracranial tumours were examined by fluorescent antibody staining with 11‐5F on frozen sections. In addition, a panel of antibodies against cytokeratin, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100 protein was used. 11‐5F stained 30/30 meningiomas and 14/14 metastatic carcinomas but 0/30 gliomas, thus distinguishing meningiomas and metastatic carcinomas from gliomas. The distinction between meningiomas and metastatic carcinomas on the basis of intermediate filaments staining was more difficult because neither the anticytokeratin nor the antivimentin antibody was specific for either tumour type. This study emphasizes the value of antidesmosomal antibodies as an important adjunct to the diagnosis of intracranial tumours.
Cell death and cell proliferation during atrophy of the rat parotid gland induced by duct obstruction
Authors: Walker Neal I. , Gobé Glenda C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRat parotid gland atrophy after unilateral duct ligation was studied by light and electron microscopy. Death of secretory acinar cells, which took the form of apoptosis, resulted in their complete disappearance within 5 days. The remnants of the dying cells were mostly phagocytosed and degraded by macrophages within the glandular epithelium; a few were taken up by adjoining epithelial cells. The acinar cell deletion was accompanied by increased mitosis of striated and intercalated duct epithelial cells. However, over many weeks, there was enhanced apoptosis of duct cells, which eventually led to marked shortening of intercalated ducts. Apoptosis of capillary endothelial cells was observed and may account for the reduction in the capillary bed known to accompany gland atrophy. The end‐stage lesion comprised small numbers of ducts in a condensed stroma. Compensatory hyperplasia, involving proliferation of duct and acinar cells, was demonstrated in the contralateral glands.
Immunohistochemical studies on the distribution and frequency of fatty‐acid‐binding protein positive cells in human fetal, newborn and adult liver tissues
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Ono Teruo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman tissues from adult, newborn/infant, and fetal livers, and gall bladders were immunostained with rabbit antibodies against fatty‐acid‐binding protein (FABP) isolated from rat liver. These antibodies cross‐reacted with FABP from human liver by a double immunodiffusion method. The antigenicity of FABP of human liver is well preserved in various fixatives including 10 per cent formaldehyde, 4 per cent paraformaldehyde, and Zamboni's and Bouin's solution. FABP immunoreactivities, moreover, could be detected similarly in both crvostat and paraffin sections.FABP of hepatic type was found in hepatocytes most frequently in the fetus (as early as the 7th week of gestation), moderately in the newborn/infant, and infrequently in adult liver tissues.The distribution pattern of the positive hepatocytes was uniform throughout the acini in fetuses, but periportal in adults. No immunoreactive cells were found in the gall bladder or in the extra‐ and intra‐hepatic bile ducts. In this study, FABP was found in human hepatocytes in both fetal and postnatal livers. FABP, therefore, might be a useful marker substance in the investigation of the physiology and pathology of the human liver.
Tamm–Horsfall protein outside the kidney
Authors: Howie A. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTamm–Horsfall protein is the main protein in normal urine and readily precipitates. Previously there has been little study of the protein outside the kidney. An antiserum to the protein was used in an immunohistological investigation of human tissues. No Tamm–Horsfall protein was detected in normal organs other than the kidney. The protein was detected outside the kidney in abnormal organs in three general sites: (i) in ulcers of epithelial surfaces exposed to urine, (ii) deep in the wall of a bladder that had had previous surgery and (iii) in lymph nodes at the hilum of kidneys that had been obstructed or contained extra‐tubular deposits of the protein. There was little evidence of a cellular response to the deposits of Tamm–Horsfall protein. The antiserum to Tamm–Horsfall protein is a good immunohistological marker of extravasated urine and is useful in the study of such conditions as fistulas of the urinary tract, operations on the urinary tract and reflux of urine into lymphatics and lymph nodes.
Postnatal development of the innervation and paraganglia in the porcine pulmonary arterial bed
Authors: Wharton John , Haworth Sheila G. , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe innervation of the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arterial bed was studied in 17 pigs from birth to 6 months of age. After birth, the pulmonary trunk and extra‐and intra‐pulmonary arteries contained neurofilament and protein gene‐product‐immunoreactive nerve fibres in both the adventitia and media. The density of nerve fibres increased from birth to 2 months, this being most marked during the first 2 weeks of life. Most of the fibres in the media were presumed to be sympathetic in origin as they contained both neuropeptide tyrosine and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Fibres were associated with the vasa‐vasorum and vascular smooth muscle running around the vessel, between the elastic laminae and smooth muscle cells, in the outer two‐thirds of the media. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive nerve fibres were found to be associated with the pulmonary trunk and extra‐pulmonary artery, but generally not with the intra‐pulmonary arteries. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was detected in the glomus cells at birth, but peptide immunoreactivity (enkephalin) was not demonstrated in paraganglia until 14 days of age. Adaptation to extra‐uterine life is associated with rapid development changes in the innervation of the pig pulmonary trunk, extra‐and intra‐pulmonary arteries and in the expression of peptide immunoreactivity in both nerve fibres and glomus cells. These changes may have a role in the postnatal adaptation of the pulmonary circulation.