bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of Methionine restriction on thyroid hormones and mitochondrial changes in skeletal muscle
Authors: Zhang Jiahong , Wang Yanan , Guo Haitao , Shi Yonghui , Le Guowei 
Published: November 2023

Dietary methionine restriction (MR) limits fat deposition and reduces adiposity without food restriction, despite increasing total food intake. Recent reports have shown that MR have an effect on generating thyroid hormones, which are associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the effect of thyroid hormones on skeletal muscle mitochondria content and function is unknown when MR in a high‐fat diet (HFD). This study investigated the potential mechanisms of THs on mitochondrial content and function in mice skeletal muscle induced by MR administration with HFD. C57Bl/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups: a low‐fat diet (LFD) group, a HFD group and a MR‐HFD group. In the 12th week, half of the mice were sacrificed and the remaining mice were kept on feeding and sacrificed in the 23th week. Indices about THs, mitochondria, oxidative stress, relative gene expression and protein expression in mice skeletal muscle were assayed. In the 12th week, HFD mice showed a significant body weight gain, high circulating THs levels and activated HPT axis, whereas MR‐HFD mice had normal body weight although with high THs levels and activated HPT axis. In the 23th week, HFD mice had low THs levels, whereas MR‐HFD mice maintained TH levels. Genes involved in THs production were downregulated in HFD and up‐regulated in MR‐HFD mice. An increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP generation, mitochondrial DNA copy number was observed in skeletal muscle MR‐HFD mice, all these were downregulated in HFD mice, however. Furthermore, MR‐HFD enhanced gene expression involved in mitochondrial function and protein expression of mitochondrial complex□. The results indicate that persistent increased THs in methionine‐restricted mice is associated with boosted mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by program of “Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province”, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31571841), State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University in China (SKLF‐ZZB‐201609).
Body Composition and Dietary Assessment and Its Relationship with Knowledge of Nutrition in Young Athletes
Authors: Hernandez Alma Nubia Mendoza , Castillo Maria Jose , Nnuñez‐Guzman Ada Esmeralda 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionEnergy and protein intake is relate to increase the muscle mass (MM), thus this approach prevent the loose of muscle glycogen and to avoid fatigue. A sport‐nutritional knowledge's allows dietary intake with specific recommendations in order to increase the quality of their food choices. The nutritional intake recommendation has to be monitored by sports specialist using validated instruments.ObjectiveTo determine the nutritional knowledge in young athletes, the Healthy Eating Index and the relation with body muscle mass in young athletesMethod and MaterialsThe dietary intake was obtained by 24‐hours recall the nutriment amount was used US Department of Agriculture database to obtain Healthy Eating Index. Electrical Bioimpedance was used to determinate Fat Mass(FM) and Muscle Mass(MM) kilograms. The Nutritional knowledge was evaluated by a questionnaire of General Knowledge for Adults. Statistical analysis included a paired t test, to determinate the differences between the intake amount and the suggested; and linear regression analysis to determinate the effect of the Strength in the MM.Results68 athletes were evaluated (39 men and 29 women). The mean of energy, fat, protein and carbohydrates were: 2015.6 kcal/day (±769.5SD), 69.6 gr/day (±33.4SD), 100 gr/day (±38.7SD), 225.4 gr (±88.4SD)respectively. The MM was 35.29% which indicate a normal status. The analysis of HEI shows 61.6% of athletes need diet modifications and 33.3% is healthy. The questionnaire shows that 36% ignore topics about general nutrition knowledge. The protein and lipid intake were lower than the requirement for sports competitors (p=0.85 and p=0.026) Fig 1. MM was entered into the linear regression model as a continuous variable, the Strength‐kg were significant (p<0.05) Fig 2.ConclusionThe synthesis of MM was adequate when the body composition was analyzed, thus makes available a poor protein degradation. The nutritional dietary analysis indicates a high lipids deficit. The analysis of HEI shows 61.6% of athletes need diet modifications and 33.3% is healthy.
Dietary adherence and macronutrient intake during 12 months of alternate day fasting
Authors: Varady Krista A , Gabel Kelsey 
Published: November 2023

Alternate day fasting (ADF) is gaining popularity as a weight loss approach. The diet consists of a 0–25% energy intake “fast day” alternated with an ad libitum intake “feed day”. Dietary adherence to ADF remains high over 2–3 months, but long‐term adherence to ADF remains unknown. Another question that remains unresolved is whether dietary adherence to ADF exceeds that of conventional daily calorie restriction (CR). The objective of this study was to compare changes in dietary adherence over 12 months in obese subjects undergoing an ADF or CR regimen. Obese adults (n = 69) were randomized to either: ADF (25% energy intake fast day, alternated with ad libitum intake feast day), or CR (75% intake every day) for one‐year. ADF and CR subjects lost similar amounts of weight (7.2 ± 1.1 kg; 7.6 ± 1.1 kg). ADF subjects consumed twice the prescribed energy (51 ± 4%) on fast days, and 85 ± 6% of energy needs on feast days. CR subjects were adherent with energy goals throughout the trial. Macronutrient intake did not change with one year of dietary counseling. These findings suggest that obese individuals may find it difficult to adhere to the prescribed fast day goal (25% of energy needs) during long‐term ADF. However, since these subjects did not overeat on the feast day, weight loss was still comparable to that of daily CR.Support or Funding InformationDepartment of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago
Effects of Pre‐Dinner Snack on Cafeteria Meal Choice and Nutrition Quality in College Freshman
Authors: Scott Hattie J , Hoppe Megan B , Schmitz Sophie A , Eastep Ashley C , Sebranek Phoebe L , Kern Shelby E , Horwath Irina E , Wilson Ted 
Published: November 2023

Post adolescent weight gain is a concern among college freshman, especially those enrolled in cafeteria meal plans. Snack consumption prior to a meal could alter eating behavior during the meal. Healthy college students (n=57; Age 18.3 ± 0.1) received one of three treatments 60 minutes before choosing and eating a cafeteria dinner meal provided in a free‐living design. The treatments no snack (NS; control), 190 Cal of gummi bear candy (GB) or a 190 Cal serving of California walnuts (CW) were provided in single cross‐over fashion on 3 of 5 semi‐consecutive nights. Pictures of meals before and after consumption were used for nutritional analysis. Data (mean±SEM) analyzed with significance between treatments and parameters indicated by different letters (A or B). Total meal calorie content for NS, GB and CW were 870 ± 54(A), 1015 ± 56(B), and 879 ± 43(AB), suggesting that a high carbohydrate snack (GB) can lead to increased potential meal caloric content relative to NS. Total meal sodium content (mg) for NS, GB, and CW were 1501 ± 103(A), 1951 ± 163(B), and 1739 ± 140(AB), suggesting that GB can lead to an increased likelihood of choosing a meal with a higher sodium content relative to NS. Total meal protein content (grams) for NS, GB and CW were 37 ± 3(AB), 45 ± 3(B), and 36 ± 2(A), this may reflect compensation for the increased nutritional value of CW. Non‐significant differences for NS, GB and CW were observed for carbohydrates, fiber, total fat, and cholesterol (mg). The consumption of GB prior to a meal resulted in higher caloric intake while walnuts were neutral to beneficial. Future studies may wish to better control dietary choices on study days by limiting subject participation to three consecutive cafeteria days.Support or Funding InformationSupported by California Walnut Commission
Fiber Intake, Dietary Energy Density, and Diet‐Type Predict 6‐Month Weight‐Loss in Free‐Living Adults Who Adhered to Prescribed Macronutrient and Energy Composition of Varying Diets
Authors: Champagne Catherine M , Bray George , Sacks Frank , Miketinas Derek 
Published: November 2023

Diets are often designed to meet prescribed macronutrient targets; but the question persists as to whether free‐living individuals can actually achieve the specified levels. The POUNDS LOST study was a randomized clinical trial which examined the effects of four calorie‐restricted diets of varying macronutrient composition on weight loss in free‐living adults with obesity. The objective of this analysis was to identify predictors of weight loss after 6 months in participants who adhered to energy and macronutrient assignments. Energy adherence was defined as consuming within ± 10% of the target energy goal. Diet adherence was defined as consuming within ± 5% of the target macronutrient composition for fat and protein. Participants were randomized to receive one of four diets:

20% fat, 15% protein (low‐fat, average‐protein)
20% fat, 25% protein (low‐fat, high‐protein)
40% fat, 15% protein (high‐fat, average‐protein)
40% fat, 25% protein (high‐fat, high‐protein).
Only 46 (13.3%) of the 345 participants who provided follow‐up data (61% male, 93% Caucasian) met the criteria for adherence to both energy and macronutrient targets. To identify variables associated with weight loss, a multiple regression model with a backward selection was fit and variables were retained if they met the p < 0.05 threshold. The returned variables included diet type (p = 0.056), energy density change from baseline (kcal/g) to the six‐month follow‐up (p < 0.0001), and fiber intake (g) (p < 0.0001). The effect of energy density varied across each level of diet assignment (p = 0.009). Interaction terms were explored. The final model explained 68.9% of the variance in weight change with the strongest predictor of weight change being dietary fiber; a 10g increase in dietary fiber consumption was associated with an average 3.7kg weight loss, independent of energy density and diet assignment. A decrease in energy density was positively associated with weight change for each diet‐type; however, this effect was most profound in the high‐fat, average‐protein diet. These results suggest that dietary factors may positively influence weight loss in addition to energy intake and macronutrient composition.Support or Funding InformationFunded by NIH‐NHLBI. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00072995.
Characteristics of Participant Dropouts in a 1‐year Randomized Controlled Trial of Weight Gain Prevention
Authors: Metzgar Catherine J , Nickols‐Richardson Sharon M 
Published: November 2023

By identifying characteristics that may increase the risk for participant dropout, interventions can be tailored to promote participant retention. Baseline characteristics of 81 premenopausal women (mean±SD age: 31.4±8.1 y, body weight (BW): 76.1±19.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 27.9±6.8 kg/m2) enrolled in a 1‐year weight gain prevention randomized controlled trial were examined to identify factors related to participant dropout. Independent t‐tests were used to compare baseline age, anthropometrics and demographics in women who completed the trial in its entirety (i.e., completers; n=48) with women who withdrew or were excluded before the end of the intervention (i.e., dropouts; n=33). Significance was set at P<0.05. Dropouts were significantly younger (P<0.005) and had lower BW (P<0.04) and BMI (P<0.01) when compared to study completers. Similarly, waist circumference (P<0.05), hip circumference (P<0.01), fat mass (P<0.03) and body fat percentage (P<0.02) were all lower in dropouts. Income level was significantly lower (P<0.003) in dropouts, while ethnicity and education level were not significantly different between dropouts and completers (both P>0.05). As this trial emphasized weight gain prevention rather than weight loss, older participants with overweight and obesity who had previously attempted and failed at long‐term weight loss may have been more motivated by the maintenance approach included in this intervention. The importance of weight gain prevention may not have resonated with younger participants with normal BMI, therefore, future weight gain prevention trials should include specific strategies and messaging that appeal to this population in order to increase retention.Support or Funding InformationFunded by an Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station/National Institute of Food and Agriculture research grant (#1001251).
Effect of a Mindful Eating Intervention on Weight Loss in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors–A Pilot Study
Authors: Washington Annette Monique , Davis Melissa , Young Henry Nolan , Cobran Ewan , Hartzell Diane , Dunagan Kelli Amanda , Sattler Elisabeth Lilian Pia 
Published: November 2023

Weight gain in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors leads to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Mindful eating has shown effectiveness as a weight management strategy in overweight and obese individuals. Yet, evidence on the impact of mindful eating as a weight loss strategy in breast cancer survivors is limited. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of a mindful eating intervention on overweight and obesity in overweight and obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Participants were recruited through local physician's offices, cancer support centers, and newspaper advertisements in 2016. Participants completed 8 weekly 2‐hour Mindful Eating Workshop© group sessions, led by a certified mindfulness instructor. The workshop addressed mindless, stress‐related, or emotional related eating, and disordered eating patterns through mindfulness meditation and group discussion. Data were collected at the University of Georgia Clinical and Translational Research Unit at 2 time points: baseline and follow‐up (12 weeks), and included anthropometric measures. Paired t‐tests were used to compare outcomes pre‐ and post‐intervention. Cohen's d was used to estimate the intervention effect. The analytic sample included 10 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with a BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2 who completed the intervention. Mean age was 64.4 ± 6.0 years, 90% were non‐Hispanic white, 50% were married, and 50% had an average annual household income greater than $80,000. At baseline, participants had a mean BMI of 33.7 ± 7.6 kg/m2, mean body fat percentage of 45.5 ± 4.4%, mean weight of 89.2 ± 16.8 kg, and mean waist to hip ratio of 0.8 ± 0.04. At follow‐up, there was a mean change in BMI of −0.4 ± 0.21 kg/m2 (p = 0.0002, d = 0.05) and a mean change in weight of −0.8 ± 0.8 kg (p = 0.015). Body fat percentage and waist‐to‐hip did not change significantly. This study provides preliminary evidence that a mindful eating intervention can lead to statistically significant weight loss in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. However, more research to replicate and confirm the findings, and determine if weight loss is sustainable.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded through the University of Georgia Clinical and Translational Research Unit seed grant.
Glucocorticoids In Combination With a High Fat Diet Increase Acute Phase Proteins and Alters PUFA metabolism in Visceral Adipose Tissue
Authors: Hill Jessica Lynn , Wyman Jacqueline , Buddington Randal , van der Merwe Marie 
Published: November 2023

Adipose tissue is a central player in whole body energy homeostasis. During nutrient excess, energy is stored in adipocytes as triglycerides. The resulting expansion of visceral adipose tissue is a known risk factor for chronic disease and has been shown to be exacerbated by both a high fat diet and chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Acutley, glucocorticoids induce lipolysis and promote adipogenesis. However, chronic exposure results in lipodystrophy, which presents as subcutaneous adipose tissue wasting and expansion of the visceral adipose depots. Furthermore, chronic glucocorticoid exposure alters adipocyte metabolism and adipokine secretion, leading to changes in systemic metabolic function. We seek to identify phenotypical and transcriptional alterations in visceral adipose tissue in response to a combination of chronic glucocorticoids administration and consumption of a high fat “Western” type diet containing a high ratio of omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study used 3‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice that were weaned onto a high fat diet (HFL) (20% kcal protein, 35% kcal carbohydrate, 45% kcal fat, mostly lard). At 6–7 weeks of age, oral glucocorticoid treatment (Prednisolone) was initiated at a dose of 40 mg/m2/day using a vehicle of sweet potato (GC+). Control animals received the vehicle alone (GC‐). Glucocorticoid administration continued daily for 28 days. Body weight was monitored twice a week. Adipose‐associated factors measured included: epididymal fat pad weight, adipocyte morphological changes, and systemic and adipose tissue leptin levels. Glucocorticoid treatment increased adipose tissue weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, despite decreased total body weight gain. Glucocorticoid‐induced transcriptional changes in the epididymal fat pads were determined using the Affymetrics MoGene 2.0 ST array and revealed a total of 250 genes (p=<0.05, fold change (FC) of >±1.5), with 120 genes (48%) upregulated and 130 (52%) down regulated. Dramatically increased transcripts included acute phase proteins (Orm1 [FC=2.03], Orm2 [FC=3.82]) and proteins involved in cellular stress. (Serpinb2 [FC=1.96], UPC3 [FC=1.98], Cryab [FC=2.18] and Hspb7 [FC=3.02]). Lipid metabolism transcripts that were downregulated by glucocorticoid treatment included Fads2 (FC=− 4.19), Isyna1 (FC=−4.14) and Acsbg1 (FC=−1.85). The results presented here include novel findings regarding early transcriptional changes induced in visceral adipose tissue by chronic glucocorticoid treatment when consuming a high fat diet. The genes identified in this study provide opportunities for therapeutic interventions to alter glucocorticoid‐associated metabolic dysfucntionsSupport or Funding InformationUniversity of Memphis Faculty Research grant MvdM start up
Beverage Patterns Are Associated with the Risk Factors of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults
Authors: Lee Kyung Won , Shin Dayeon , Song Won O. 
Published: November 2023

The importance of beverage consumption in overall dietary intakes and health outcomes has been underestimated. Beyond the one‐dimensional thinking that a specific beverage is good or bad, exploring the associations between beverage patterns and health outcomes is important in pursuing healthy beverage consumption for health. The aim of this research was to identify beverage patterns that are associated with the risk factors of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. This study used national representative data of 19,800 Korean adults (≥20 years) with information on a single 24‐hour dietary recall and health examination in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES), 2008–2012. All beverage items consumed by KNHANES participants were aggregated into 15 beverage groups. Using factor analysis, three beverage patterns were derived: 1) the “unsweetened beverage” pattern (high intake of unsweetened coffee); 2) the “sweetened beverage” pattern (high intake of sodas, sweetened coffee and tea, fruit drinks and sports/energy drinks); and 3) the “alcoholic beverage” pattern (high intake of alcoholic beverages and low intake of unsweetened coffee and tea, dairy products, and 100% fruit and vegetable juices). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and components of MetS (abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated fasting blood glucose, and elevated blood pressure) was defined by NCEP III. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine the odds of obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome for each beverage patterns after controlling for sex, age, education level, income, smoking status, physical activity, BMI (except for obesity and abdominal obesity), day of recalled intake, and total energy intake. The “sweetened beverage” pattern was associated with higher odds of elevated fasting blood glucose and blood pressure (all, P for trend <0.05). The “alcoholic beverage” pattern was associated with increased odds of obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure (all, P for trend <0.05). No associations were found between the “unsweetened beverage pattern” and the odds of obesity and MetS risk factors. Our findings suggest that sweetened and alcoholic beverage patterns were significantly associated with odds of obesity and individual components of MetS in Korean adults. Consumers of specific beverages such as sweetened beverages or alcohols should be advised to consider the negative effect of those beverages on their health to make healthier beverage choices.Support or Funding InformationThis study was conducted by the generous financial support of the Youlchon Foundation (Nongshim Corporation and its affiliated companies) in Korea.