bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stored of Hsp72/Hsp73 in Germinal Vesicle‐stage Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Liu C‐H , Yang C‐C , Lin DP‐C , Wu M‐H , Tsai K‐J 
Published: January 2004

ContentsHeat‐shock proteins (hsps) Hsp72 and Hsp73 are the stored maternal proteins found in mouse oocytes. Both hsps appear in mouse oocytes at germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (M‐II)‐stages as previously demonstrated by immunoblotting analysis. In this report, we further determined the presences of Hsp72/Hsp73 proteins in mouse embryos at stages of 2‐pronucleus, arrested 1‐cell, 2‐cell, arrested 2‐cell, 4‐cell, arrested 4‐cell, 8‐cell to morula and blastocyst. Except for the blastocyst stage, the Hsp72/Hsp73 proteins were detectable in most embryo stages. The concentration of Hsp72/Hsp73 in GV‐stage oocytes was higher than that in M‐II‐stage oocytes, and in any stages of embryos before implantation. A dramatical increase in Hsp72/Hsp73 expression was found at the 2‐cell stage. Together with these findings, we speculated that hsps accumulated or stored earlier in the GV‐stage mouse oocytes to protect the oocytes against environmental influences acting on ovary, and hsps may be required for zygotic gene activation and provided a protective effect against apoptosis.
In vitro Development of Buffalo Oocytes in Media‐containing Fluids from Different Size Class Follicles
Authors: Nandi S , Raghu HM , Ravindranatha BM , Gupta PSP , Sarma PV 
Published: January 2004

ContentsStudies were conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of fluid from different sized class [small (SFF, <3 mm), medium (MFF, 3–8 mm) and large (LFF, >8 mm)] of normal and cystic (CFF) ovarian follicles in oocyte culture media on oocyte maturation rate and embryo development in vitro and to test the efficacy of follicular fluid (FF) from different size classes as a whole oocyte maturation medium. Results suggested that FF were capable of developing buffalo oocytes to embryonic stage in vitro although its efficacy was lower than that of serum. Regardless of high maturation rates after in vitro maturation (IVM) in media containing FF or IVM in whole FF, low blastocyst rates were obtained after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture of embryos. Follicular fluid from small follicles had significantly (p < 0.05) higher potential of developing buffalo oocytes to embryonic stage in vitro than that from medium and large follicles. Cystic FF was not capable of supporting development of buffalo oocytes in vitro.
Poly(ADP‐Ribose) Glycohydrolase in Bovine Retained and Not Retained Placenta
Authors: Kankofer M , Guz L , Wierciński J 
Published: January 2004

ContentsPoly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the enzyme which degrades poly(ADP‐ribose) polymers synthesized by poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Both enzymes are activated in response to different stimuli like oxidative stress and are involved in DNA repair processes. The retention of bovine foetal membranes (RFM) is supposed to be connected with oxidative stress conditions. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of PARG protein in bovine placenta in order to find the relationship between the process of releasing/retaining placenta and DNA repair. Placentomes, collected after spontaneous delivery or caesarian section were divided into maternal as well as foetal part of placenta, homogenized and subjected to electrophoresis. Animals were divided into six groups as follows: A – caesarian section before term with RFM; B – caesarian section before term without RFM; C – spontaneous delivery at term with RFM; D – spontaneous delivery at term without RFM; E – caesarian section at term with RFM; F – caesarian section at term without RFM. PARG protein was detected in nitrocellulose membranes using commercially available bovine anti‐PARG antibody and Western blotting technique. Single bands referred to bovine PARG standard were observed in all examined tissues as well as in human placenta used as the control of procedure. In addition, the intensity of staining was stronger in retained than properly released term placenta and in foetal than in maternal part of the placenta. These results may suggest the differences in enzyme protein content and careful conclusions can be drawn that the activities of PARG may be altered between compared groups of animals. It may confirm the presence of oxidative stress conditions and their consequences on metabolic pathways, the content of biologically active substances and processes of proper releasing placenta. Further experiments on PARG activity in bovine foetal membranes with respect to proper and improper placental release are necessary.
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of Prepuce in the Mule
Authors: Rapisarda G , Marino F , Ferrara G , Gioffrè F , Galofaro V 
Published: January 2004

ContentsHere we present a case of preputial benign fibrous histiocytoma in a 7‐year‐old mule. This case was treated surgically. Pathologic analysis and diagnosis of these lesions were based on a combination of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, the tumour was composed primarily of a storiform pattern of fibroblastic and poligonal cells. In immunohistochemistry, except for consistent immunoreactivity for vimentin, nearly all tumour cells were positive for CD68, S‐100 protein, pan‐cytokeratin, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, and desmin. Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the prepuce in mule is rarely reported in veterinary literature.
Pregnancy Diagnosis in Miniature Pig by Direct ELISA of Oestrone Derivatives in Faeces
Authors: Isobe N , Nakao T 
Published: January 2004

ContentsThe objectives of the present study were to measure oestrone derivatives [oestrone, oestrone sulphate (E1S) and oestrone glucuronide] in sow faeces by direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to explore the changes of oestrone derivative profile in faeces of miniature pig for demonstrating the possibility of pregnancy diagnosis. Faecal samples (1.5 g) were put into 6 ml of buffer, shaken and centrifuged. Then supernatant was added to the wells of multi‐plate without extraction and incubated with anti‐oestrone antibody and horseradish peroxidase‐labelled oestrone. Standard solution was prepared at various concentrations of E1S. Sensitivity was estimated as 0.035 ng/ml (0.14 ng/g). Intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficient variations were 3.5–7.7% and 10.9–15.3%, respectively. When 1–5 ng/ml E1S were added to a faecal solution, recovery rates ranged between 80.0 and 103.3%. There is a temporal increase in the E1S equivalent concentration of miniature pig faeces from day 25 to 31 after mating. From day 35 to 70, the E1S equivalent concentrations remained low. Thereafter its concentrations increased again towards farrowing. On day 27 and 29 after mating pregnancy diagnosis by the faecal E1S equivalent concentrations agreed with the results of farrowing (seven of seven animals). These results suggest that the present direct ELISA is practical and suitable as a routine assay for measuring the faecal concentration of oestrone derivatives and that this assay might be usable for pregnancy diagnosis in sows at day 27–29.
Flow Cytometry Identification of X‐ and Y‐Chromosome‐Bearing Goat Spermatozoa
Authors: Parrilla I , Vazquez JM , Roca J , Martinez EA 
Published: January 2004

ContentsFlow cytometric sorting technology was used to measure the difference in DNA content between X‐ and Y‐chromosome‐bearing spermatozoa in bucks. Spermatozoa were analysed by flow cytometry to characterize X‐ and Y‐chromosome‐bearing sperm populations and to quantify the DNA difference between them. Two symmetrical, overlapping and clearly separated peaks, corresponding to X‐ and Y‐bearing spermatozoa, were detected. The difference in fluorescence intensity between the peaks was 4.4 ± 0.03% without any significant inter‐ or intra‐animal variations. Therefore, the identification and selection of high‐purity samples of sperm populations for sex sorting is easier in bucks compared with other domestic species.
The ALPSP Learned Journals Collection
Authors: Bonald Laura , Morris Sally 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACTSelling journals to consortia and other large customers is increasingly difficult for small publishers, and yet libraries want their journals. The ALPSP Learned Journals Collection (ALJC) was put together, after considerable research, as an attempt to overcome this problem for ALPSP member publishers. Working through Swets Information Services, 247 journals from 25 publishers can be sold as a single package. Despite the difficulties, a single publisher agreement, customer licence, and pricing and revenue‐sharing model were all agreed upon. Customer reactions indicate that this is a real win–win solution for publishers and libraries.
Book Reviews
Authors: Peters John , Beckwith Kimberly M. , Dryburgh Alastair 
Published: January 2004

The Bangladesh Journal of Communication and Publishing, Editor: Fazle Rabbi. The Editing and Publication Association of Bangladesh. Subscription (forinstitutions in developed countries) US$50.Getting and Staying Noticed on the Web by Phil Bradley. Facet Publishing, London, 2002, 219pp. ISBN 1‐85604‐455‐6The Innovator's Dilemma by Clayton M. ChristensenHarperBusiness 2003, Price $17.95, 285pp. paperback, ISBN 0‐06‐052199‐6
Effects of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Aprotinin on Leukocyte–Platelet Adhesion in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Greilich Philip E. , Brouse Chad F. , Rinder Christine S. , Smith Brian R. , Sandoval Bernardo A. , Rinder Henry M. , Eberhart Robert C. , Jessen Michael E. 
Published: January 2004

Background
The administration of aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is hypothesized to decrease activation of leukocytes and platelets and possibly reduce their adhesion. Although epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) shares the ability of aprotinin to inhibit excessive plasmin activity after CPB, its effect on leukocyte and platelet activation and leukocyte-platelet (heterotypic) adhesion is largely unknown. This study was performed to determine the relative effectiveness of the antifibrinolytics, aprotinin and EACA, at reducing leukocyte and platelet activation and leukocyte-platelet conjugate formation in patients undergoing CPB.

Methods
Thirty-six patients scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery with CPB were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive EACA, aprotinin, or saline (placebo). Markers of plasmin activity (D-dimer concentrations), platelet activation (CD62P), leukocyte activation (CD11b), and leukocyte-platelet adhesion (monocyte- and neutrophil-platelet conjugates) were measured before, during, and after CPB.

Results
Platelet CD62P (P-selectin), monocyte CD11b, and monocyte-platelet conjugates were all significantly increased (compared with baseline) in the saline group during and after CPB. Despite equivalent reductions in D-dimer formation in patients receiving EACA (P < 0.0001) and aprotinin (P < 0.0001), decreases in platelet CD62P and monocyte CD11b expression were incomplete (not significantly different from saline control). In contrast, peak monocyte-platelet conjugate formation was significantly reduced by both EACA (P = 0.026) and aprotinin (P = 0.039) immediately after CPB.

Conclusions
EACA seems to be as effective as aprotinin at reducing peak monocyte-platelet adhesion after CPB. Furthermore, inhibition of excessive plasmin activity seems to influence monocyte-platelet adhesion. The findings suggest that monocyte-platelet conjugate formation may be a useful marker of monocyte and platelet activation in this clinical setting.
Early Onset Pneumonia
Authors: Bronchard Régis , Albaladejo Pierre , Brezac Gilles , Geffroy Arnaud , Seince Pierre-François , Morris William , Branger Catherine , Marty Jean 
Published: January 2004

Background
Early onset pneumonia occurs frequently in head trauma patients, but the potential consequences and the risk factors of this event have been poorly studied.

Methods
This prospective observational study was undertaken in the surgical intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital in Clichy, France. Head trauma patients requiring tracheal intubation for neurologic reasons and ventilation for at least 2 days were studied to assess the risk factors and the consequences of early onset pneumonia.

Results
During a 2-yr period, 109 head trauma patients were studied. The authors found an incidence of early onset pneumonia of 41.3%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria involved in early onset pneumonia. Patients with early onset pneumonia had a lower worst arterial oxygen tension:fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, more fever, more arterial hypotension, and more intracranial hypertension, factors known to worsen the neurologic prognosis of head trauma patients. Nasal carriage of S. aureus on admission (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-14.0), aspiration before intubation (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-16.4) and barbiturate use (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-12.8) were found to be independent risk factors of early onset pneumonia.

Conclusions
The results suggest that early onset pneumonia leads to secondary injuries in head-injured patients. Nasal carriage of S. aureus, aspiration before intubation, and use of barbiturates are specific independent risk factors for early onset pneumonia and must be assessed to find and evaluate strategies to prevent early onset pneumonia.
Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion by Anesthetists and Nonanesthetists Wearing Unconventional Protective Gear
Authors: Flaishon Ron , Sotman Alexander , Friedman Alan , Ben-Abraham Ron , Rudick Valery , Weinbroum Avi A. 
Published: January 2004

Background
Mass casualty situations impose special difficulties in airway management, even for experienced caregivers. The laryngeal mask airway is part of the difficult airway algorithm. The authors evaluated the success rate and the time to secure airways by mask by anesthetists, surgeons, and novices when wearing either surgical attire or full antichemical protective gear that included butyl rubber gloves and a filtering antigas mask.

Methods
Twenty anesthetists and 22 surgeons with 2-5 yr of residency inserted a laryngeal mask airway in 84 anesthetized patients, and 6 novices repetitively inserted masks in 57 patients under both conditions in a prospective, randomized, crossover manner. The duration of insertion was measured from the time the device was first grasped until a normal capnography recording was obtained.

Results
Anesthetists needed 39 +/- 14 s to insert the masks when wearing surgical attire and 40 +/- 12 s with protective gear. In contrast, surgery residents needed 64 +/- 40 and 102 +/- 40 s (P = 0.0001), respectively. Anesthetists inserted masks in a single attempt, whereas the surgeons needed up to four attempts with no hypoxia or failure associated. The initial attire-wearing novices' insertions took as long as the surgeons'; three of them then reached the mean performance time of the anesthetists after four (protective gear) and two (surgical attire) trials, with only one occurrence of hypoxia and a failure rate similar to that of the surgeons.

Conclusions
Anesthesia residents insert laryngeal mask airways at a similar speed when wearing surgical attire or limiting antichemical protective gear and two to three times faster than surgical residents or novices wearing either outfit. Novices initially perform at the level of surgical residents, but their learning curve was quick under both conditions.
Obesity Decreases Perioperative Tissue Oxygenation
Authors: Kabon Barbara , Nagele Angelika , Reddy Dayakar , Eagon Chris , Fleshman James W. , Sessler Daniel I. , Kurz Andrea 
Published: January 2004

Background
Obesity is an important risk factor for surgical site infections. The incidence of surgical wound infections is directly related to tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Fat tissue mass expands without a concomitant increase in blood flow per cell, which might result in a relative hypoperfusion with decreased tissue oxygenation. Consequently, the authors tested the hypotheses that perioperative tissue oxygen tension is reduced in obese surgical patients. Furthermore, they compared the effect of supplemental oxygen administration on tissue oxygenation in obese and nonobese patients.

Methods
Forty-six patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were assigned to one of two groups according to their body mass index: body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 (nonobese) or 30 kg/m2 or greater (obese). Intraoperative oxygen administration was adjusted to arterial oxygen tensions of approximately 150 mmHg and approximately 300 mmHg in random order. Anesthesia technique and perioperative fluid management were standardized. Subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension was measured with a polarographic electrode positioned within a subcutaneous tonometer in the lateral upper arm during surgery, in the recovery room, and on the first postoperative day. Postoperative tissue oxygen was also measured adjacent to the wound. Data were compared with unpaired two-tailed t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Intraoperative subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension was significantly less in the obese patients at baseline (36 vs. 57 mmHg; P = 0.002) and with supplemental oxygen administration (47 vs. 76 mmHg; P = 0.014). Immediate postoperative tissue oxygen tension was also significantly less in subcutaneous tissue of the upper arm (43 vs. 54 mmHg; P = 0.011) as well as near the incision (42 vs. 62 mmHg; P = 0.012) in obese patients. In contrast, tissue oxygen tension was comparable in each group on the first postoperative morning.

Conclusion
Wound and tissue hypoxia were common in obese patients in the perioperative period and most pronounced during surgery. Even with supplemental oxygen tissue, oxygen tension in obese patients was reduced to levels that are associated with a substantial increase in infection risk.
Epidural Anesthesia, Hypotension, and Changes in Intravascular Volume
Authors: Holte Kathrine , Foss Nicolai B. , Svensén Christer , Lund Claus , Madsen Jan L. , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: January 2004

Background
The most common side effect of epidural or spinal anesthesia is hypotension with functional hypovolemia prompting fluid infusions or administration of vasopressors. Short-term studies (20 min) in patients undergoing lumbar epidural anesthesia suggest that plasma volume may increase when hypotension is present, which may have implications for the choice of treatment of hypotension. However, no long-term information or measurements of plasma volumes with or without hypotension after epidural anesthesia are available.

Methods
In 12 healthy volunteers, the authors assessed plasma (125I-albumin) and erythrocyte (51Cr-EDTA) volumes before and 90 min after administration of 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.5%, via a thoracic epidural catheter (T7-T10). After 90 min (t = 90), subjects were randomized to administration of fluid (7 ml/kg hydroxyethyl starch) or a vasopressor (0.2 mg/kg ephedrine), and 40 min later (t = 130), plasma and erythrocyte volumes were measured. At the same time points, mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and hemoglobin were measured every 5 min throughout the study. Volume kinetic analysis was performed for the volunteers receiving hydroxyethyl starch.

Results
Plasma volume did not change per se after thoracic epidural anesthesia despite a decrease in blood pressure. Plasma volume increased with fluid administration but remained unchanged with vasopressors despite that both treatments had similar hemodynamic effects. Hemoglobin concentrations were not significantly altered by the epidural blockade or ephedrine administration but decreased significantly after hydroxyethyl starch administration. Volume kinetic analysis showed that the infused fluid expanded a rather small volume, approximately 1.5 l. The elimination constant was 56 ml/min.

Conclusions
Thoracic epidural anesthesia per se does not lead to changes in blood volumes despite a reduction in blood pressure. When fluid is infused, there is a dilution, and the fluid initially seems to be located centrally. Because administration of hydroxyethyl starch and ephedrine has similar hemodynamic effects, the latter may be preferred in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases in which perioperative fluid overload is undesirable.
Wrist Hyperextension Leads to Median Nerve Conduction Block
Authors: Chowet Anne L. , Lopez Jaime R. , Brock-Utne John G. , Jaffe Richard A. 
Published: January 2004

Background
It is common practice to hyperextend the wrist to facilitate insertion of a radial intra-arterial catheter. This position may be maintained for prolonged periods. Although there has been much discussion about optimal patient management to protect the ulnar nerve and brachial plexus, little attention has been paid to the median nerve during wrist hyperextension. The authors report the effects of wrist hyperextension on conduction in the median nerve.

Methods
Median nerve conduction was studied in 12 awake, healthy volunteers using standard nerve conduction tests consisting of the measurement of compound sensory and motor action potentials, as well as their amplitudes and latencies. With the contralateral hand as a control, the right wrist was placed in hyperextension (angled between 65 and 80 degrees), and compound action potentials were recorded to determine the onset and magnitude of effects. Subsequently, the hand was released from hyperextension and recovery was recorded.

Results
In 83% of subjects, hyperextension resulted in a significant decrease in compound sensory action potential amplitudes, sufficient to qualify as conduction block (16.6% of baseline). The average time to conduction block was 43 +/- 13.2 min. All subjects who manifested conduction block showed marked improvement 5 min after release from hyperextension.

Conclusions
Wrist hyperextension for arterial line placement and stabilization is likely to result in profound impairment of median nerve function. Although the effects were transient in this study, the results suggest that prolonged hyperextension may be associated with significant changes in median nerve conduction. To minimize the chance for nerve injury, the authors recommend that wrists be returned promptly to the neutral position following arterial line placement.