bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DYNAMIC FETAL CEPHALOMETRY
Authors: Davies P. , Richardson R. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn iterative method of fetal cephalometry for use with real time scanners is described using a flow chart. The method is shown to be capable of yielding measurements having a standard deviation of less than 1 mm and we have found it to be superior to the combined A and B scan technique from which it is derived.
AMNIOTIC FLUID OPTICAL DENSITY DETERMINATION AS A RAPID TEST FOR ASSESSMENT OF FETAL LUNG MATURITY
Authors: Hill C. M. , Harkes A. , Donnai P. , Ferguson A. , Tindall V. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios and optical densities at 650 nm were determined for 158 samples of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis. A further 24 samples collected by vaginal aspiration from patients with spontaneous rupture of the membranes were also analysed. The relation between the L/S ratio and the optical density suggests that the more rapidly obtainable optical density measurement could be used as a screening procedure for fetal pulmonary maturity. A valid estimate of maturity by optical density is not possible in amniotic fluid aspirated from the vagina.
THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF THE PROGESTOGEN CHALLENGE TEST, SERUM OESTRADIOL ESTIMATION OR CLINICAL EXAMINATION IN ASSESSMENT OF THE OESTROGEN STATE AND RESPONSE TO CLOMIPHENE IN AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Hull M. G. R. , Knuth U. A. , Murray M. A. F. , Jacobs H. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 246 women with amenorrhoea we compared the result of the progestogen challenge test (menstrual response to oral medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg daily for 5 days) (225 patients) with the serum oestradiol‐17β (E2) concentration (154 patients) and with clinical assessment of the oestrogen state of the lower genital tract (183 patients) and related them to the response to clomiphene (188 patients). Ovulation in response to clomiphene was defined essentially by a mid‐luteal serum progesterone concentration of at least 25 nmol/l. E2 values were only useful when they fell below 150 pmol/l; they then indicated that ovulation was very unlikely to occur after clomiphene (2 per cent). Clinical assessment was also only useful in predicting failure to ovulate with clomiphene. However, the progestogen challenge test gave good prediction of ovulatory as well as anovulatory responses to clomiphene. After absent or scanty bleeding following progestogen, only 4 per cent of our patients ovulated, and repeated treatment with clomiphene did not increase the ovulatory rate. After a normal menstrual response to progestogen, 39 per cent ovulated in their first cycle with clomiphene using only 50 mg daily, this proportion rising to 55 per cent if 100 mg was used, and to 75 per cent after treatment for three cycles.
THE EFFECT OF MENOPAUSAL STATUS AND SEQUENTIAL MESTRANOL AND NORETHISTERONE ON SERUM CHOLESTEROL, TRIGLYCERIDE AND ELECTROPHORETIC LIPOPROTEIN PATTERNS
Authors: Paterson M. E. L. , Sturdee D. W. , Moore B. , Whitehead T. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe serum cholesterol, trigylcerides and electrophoretic lipoprotein patterns of 35 postmenopausal women, who subsequently received sequential mestranol and norethisterone, were compared with those of 35 premenopausal women of the same age and weight. The postmenopausal women had a significantly higher level of serum cholesterol (p <0.01) than the premenopausal women, and a significant reduction (p <0.001) occurred in this group after two months of therapy. There was no significant difference in level of serum cholesterol between the premenopausal group and the postmenopausal group receiving sequential mestranol and norethisterone for two months. The serum triglycerides were not significantly higher in the postmenopausal group but there was a significant increase (p <0.001) after two months of therapy. The marked alteration in lipid levels at the menopause may in part account for the great increase in coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women but whether these changes are reversible by giving hormone therapy remains speculative.
ACUTE POLYHYDRAMNIOS—A COMPLlCATION OF MONOZYGOUS TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Weir P. E. , Ratten G. J. , Beischer N. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEight patients with acute polyhydramnios were encountered in 31 103 pregnancies, an incidence of 1 in 3888. All patients with acute polyhydramnios had monozygous twin pregnancies and 14 of the 16 infants were normal. The condition occurred in the second trimester and usually ended in premature delivery within a few days. The perinatal mortality was 100 per cent and accounted for 14.9 per cent of the perinatal mortality in twins.
MATERNAL HORMONE PROFILE IN OXYTOCIN INDUCED LABOUR
Authors: Buchan P. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial blood samples were collected from ten patients at between 40 and 42 weeks gestation, who were having labour induced by amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin. The plasma levels of human placental lactogen and pregnancy‐specific β1 glycoprotein showed no more than their normal late pregnancy variability during labour; oestradiol‐17β showed a small rise in early labour followed by a fall in the second stage of labour; unconjugated oestriol and 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids showed a progressive rise throughout labour and progesterone a progressive fall. The ratio of progesterone to oestradiol‐17β fell throughout labour. The significance of these changes in our understanding of the control of placental hormone secretion and of the hormone profile of spontaneous labour is discussed.
POLY‐PLETHYSMOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF RITODRINE ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF PATIENTS IN LABOUR
Authors: Ragni N. , Pinto P. F. , Bentivoglio G. , Repetti F. , Pelucco D. , Di Muzio M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of ritodrine infusion on the cardiovascular system of six women in threatened or premature labour are reported. In contrast to other betamimetics, ritodrine caused a moderate rise in systolic blood pressure, the corresponding fall in diastolic pressure leading to a widened pulse pressure but no riskg of hypotension. Ritodrine caused a rise in cardiac output, and was well tolerated by the patients. Special care should be taken in treating patients with known heart disease.
STUDIES ON PREGNANCY‐ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN A IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Smith R. , Bischof P. , Hughes G. , Klopper A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma concentration of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) was measured in 34 women during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. From 30 to 36 weeks the concentration of this protein increased steadily. Thereafter the concentration of PAPP‐A rose more steeply, the highest amounts being found in early labour. The concentration of PAPP‐A in peripheral venous blood and in the uterine vein was much the same. It was less in the retroplacental blood and a great deal less in the peritoneal fluid. The day‐to‐day variation was small; the coefficient of variation at 38 weeks was only 7.3 per cent. After delivery, the concentration of PAPP‐A fell more slowly than other placental proteins and steroids, the average half‐life being 51 hours. Although there is no doubt that PAPP‐A is a product of the syncytiotrophoblast, our findings suggest that it is not simply secreted by the chorionic villi directly into the intervillous space but makes its way into the maternal circulation by a more circuitous route.
DISAPPEARANCE OF PREGNANCY‐SPECIFIC β1 GLYCOPROTEIN FROM THE MATERNAL CIRCULATION AFTER DELIVERY
Authors: Menabawey M. , Grudzinskas J. G. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIt is likely that there are systematic differences between circulating pregnancy‐specific β1 glycoprotein (SP1) levels measured by radioimmunoassay and immunoprecipitation systems. We have re‐investigated the decline in circulating levels of SP1 following delivery of the placenta. Serial blood samples were collected for 120 hours from 10 women following Caesarean section or vaginal delivery at term. The apparent half‐life of SP1 after delivery ranged between 17 and 45 hours.
THE VARIATION OF MATERNAL BLOOD LEVELS OF PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5 IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Obiekwe B. C. , Grudzinskas J. G. , Gordon Y. B. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum placental protein 5 levels measured in the third trimester of pregnancy showed nyctohemeral and day‐to‐day variation, but this variation did not follow any recognisable pattern.
EFFECT OF LISURIDE ON INHIBITION OF LACTATION AND SERUM PROLACTIN
Authors: De Cecco L. , Venturini P. L. , Ragni N. , Rossato P. , Maganza C. , Gaggero G. , Horowski R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLisuride, a new semisynthetic ergot derivative, was given to 53 women to inhibit lactation; 26 women had 300 ug daily and 27 had 600 ug daily for seven days. Eight lactating women acted as controls. Lisuride effectively inhibited lactation and also suppressed the serum prolactin levels; the latter effect was dose related. Lisuride produced no untoward side effects.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF NORMAL PREGNANCY AND PUERPERIUM IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: Agobe J. T. , Akinkugbe A. , Adewoye H. O. , Boyo A. E. , Good W. , Hancock K. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA cross‐sectional study is presented of biochemical changes in the third trimester of normal pregnancy and puerperium during the wet season in the tropical climate of Lagos, Nigeria. These changes are less marked in first than in subsequent pregnancies, and although qualitatively similar, in some respects they differ from those observed in the temperate climatic zone. The indications are that quantitative differences may exist which could be relevant to the management of pregnancy in the tropics.
THE POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN LATE PREGNANCY HYPERTENSION AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE LEVELS IN MATERNAL BLOOD
Authors: Jelen I. , Fananapazir L. , Crawford T. B. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentrations of the vasoactive substance, 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), were estimated in whole blood samples from 12 pregnant women with hypertension in the third trimester. These were compared with a control group of 15 normotensive pregnant women of the same gestation. The hypertensive patients were admitted for observation and the whole blood 5‐HT. estimated again after four days bed rest: in all patients the blood pressure had, by this time, returned to within the normal range. No significant difference was found between the mean blood 5‐HT concentrations of the hypertensive and the normotensive groups. A small, but not statistically significant, rise occurred in the hypertensive group after four days bed rest. Thus this study gave no evidence that 5‐HT is implicated in hypertension in pregnancy.
OSCTLLATION‐FREQUENCY AND BASELINE FETAL HEART. RATE IN THE LAST 30 MINUTES OF LABOUR.
Authors: Roemer V. M. , Heinzl S. , Peters F. D. , Mietzner S. , And G. BrÜhl , Heering P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe last 120 minutes of 394 intraparturn fetal heart rate (FHR) records of high technical quality were evaluated. Baseline FHR was estimated and oscillation frequency (OF) counted for each minute. There was a highly significant association between the baseline FHR and the number of oscillations/minute; an increase in baseline FHR of 10 beats/minute was associated with a fall of about one oscillation/ minute. The highest mean OF (9.64.8 events/minute) was found in fetuses with an umbilical artery pH of between 7.20 and 7.25. The baseline FHR should be taken into account when assessing fetal condition.
PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA AND VASOPRESSIN
Authors: ÅKerlund M. , Strömberg P. , Forsling M. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe circulating concentrations of arginine vasopressin on day 1 and on day 5 to 7 of the menstrual cycle were measured by radioimmunoassay in six women with primary dysmenorrhoea and five controls. All women had ovulated in the previous cycle, as indicated by the mid‐luteal phase plasma progesterone levels and had normal plasma osmolality and sodium concentrations. The plasma concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol on day 1 of the cycle were also measured, and no significant difference between the two groups was seen. In women with dysmenorrhoea the vasopressin concentration on day 1 was 0.400.038 (SE) μU/ml which was significantly higher than the concentration in normal women on the same day of the cycle 0.20±0.063 (SE) μU/ml (p <0.01). The plasma concentration of vasopressin in normal women on day 5 to 7 was 0.68 0.119 (SE) μU/ml which was significantly higher than on day 1 (p <0.01). A significant difference between day 1 and day 5 to 7 was not seen in dysmenorrheic women, possibly because the values were already elevated on day 1. The results suggest that vasopressin could be a factor of aetiological importance in primary dysmenorrhoea, and also indicate that the vasopressin concentration in plasma can vary according to the day of the menstrual cycle.
CHANGES IN COAGULATION FACTORS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ON ETHINYL OESTRADIOL
Authors: Hunter D. J. S. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Haddon M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCoagulation factors II, VII, X, VII X complex and anti‐thrombin III were measured in 10 postmenopausal women before, during and after a four‐month course of 20 μg daily of ethinyl oestradiol, taken three weeks in four. Factors VII, X and VII X complex rose significantly during treatment but only factor X levels were significantly elevated at the end of the four‐month treatment period. There was no change in factor II or anti‐thrombin III levels. These effects on coagulation factors during ethinyl oestradiol therapy are, in general, similar to those found during treatment with conjugated equine oestrogens and oestradiol valerate in a previous study from the same laboratory. It seems likely that equipotent doses of ethinyl oestradiol and‘natural’oestrogens have similar effects on these coagulation factors.
CUT‐OFF LEVELS FOR MATERNAL PLASMA ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS: VALIDATION OF THE USE OF MULTIPLES OF THE NORMAL MEDIAN
Authors: Tovey K. C. , Gerson Marion 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA retrospective study was made of measurement of maternal plasma alpha‐feto‐protein (AFP) by a standard radioimmunoassay technique, as a method of screening for neural tube defects (NTDs) between 15 and 20 weeks gestation. There was a good fit of a log‐normal distribution to the data at each week and multiples of the normal median were equivalent to constant centiles over weeks 15 to 20 and possibly at later weeks also. There were 700 plasma samples from women with normal prenancies and 60 from women with pregnancies complicated by fetal NTDs (30 with anencephaly and 30 with spina bifida). At 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, 90 per cent of women with fetuses affected by anencephaly, 70 per cent of those with fetuses affected by open spina bifida and 3 per cent of those with normal pregnancies had plasma AFP levels at or above 24 times the normal median for each gestational week. It was estimated that 2·1, 2·4 and 3·1 times the normal median maternal plasma AFP levels were equivalent to the 95th, 97th and 99th centiles respectively. The interassay coefficients of variation estimated on control sera throughout the entire study were 4 to 6 per cent.
A COMPARISON OF CROWN‐RUMP LENGTH MEASUREMENTS USING A REAL‐TIME SCANNER IN AN ANTENATAL CLINIC AND A CONVENTIONAL B‐SCANNER
Authors: Adam A. H. , Dunlop Catherine 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a series of 168 patients in the first trimester of pregnancy, fetal crown‐rump length (CRL) measurements were attempted in the Antenatal Clinic using a linear‐array real‐time ultrasound scanner. The measurements could not be made in 23 of the patients; most of them had a gestational age of less than 10 weeks and the difficulty in obtaining measurements was usually due to an underfilled maternal bladder. When compared with CRL measurements obtained with a conventional B‐scanner, a good correlation was obtained (r = 0·92); 80 per cent of the‘real‐time’values fell within a range of 5 mm of the conventional values. In all patients the estimates of gestational age using the two methods were within one week of each other.
ROUTINE INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN E2 IN A VISCOUS GEL
Authors: Sims C. D. , Mellows H. J. , Spencer P. J. , Craft I. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2, 350 μg dispersed in a viscous gel, tylose, was introduced into the extra‐amniotic space as a single dose in 285 patients to induce labour. With a favourable cervix, 82 per cent of multiparae and 50 per cent of primiparae were successfully induced. With unfavourable induction features, the success rates were 48 per cent and 24 per cent respectively. In the remaining patients, all but four were successfully delivered when intravenous oxytocin was also used. The method was safe, simple and inexpensive and had many advantages for patients and nursing staff.
THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF AMNIOTIC FLUID WITH POOR FETAL GROWTH
Authors: Bissenden J. G. , Scott P. H. , Milner S. , Doughty S. , Ratnapala L. , Harton B. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid from 79 European and Asian mothers at term was examined for those biochemical changes which in postnatal life are associated with slow growth, a poor diet or frank malnutrition. Amniotic fluid from normal pregnancies of both races contained proportionally less urea nitrogen, more uric acid nitrogen and α‐amino nitrogen, and more free hydroxyproline than was found in urine from pregnant mothers and the newborn. Some of these differences may reflect a relative reduction in nutrient supply in late pregnancy while others are due to immaturity of various biochemical systems. These explanations do not account for all the differences. Compared to results in normal mothers, the Asian mothers with light‐for‐dates babies showed changes suggesting undernutrition (high amniotic fluid alkaline ribonuclease and ‐amino nitrogen). The European mothers with light‐for‐dates babies had biochemical evidence of reduced growth (low amniotic fluid total hydro‐xyproline) but not evidence of undernutrition. Mothers with light‐for‐dates babies in both races had a high amniotic fluid uric acid nitrogen; the cause of this is uncertain. The biochemical measurements were significantly different in the mothers with light‐for‐dates babies and were a more accurate prediction of poor intrauterine growth than clinical criteria alone. Nevertheless, the overlap with normal pregnancies was so great as to limit the clinical usefulness of these measurements in the management of an individual pregnancy.
MULTIPLE BIRTHS IN FORMER ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USERS
Authors: Harlap S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMultiple births were studied in a cohort of 2953 former oral contraceptive users and 13 630 controls, all the women were interviewed post partum. There were 238 multiple births, a rate of 14·4/1000 deliveries. Former oral contraceptive users had 13·5/1000 sets of multiple births compared to 14·5/1000 in the controls. When women who had received treatment for anovulation were excluded, these rates were 11·1 and 12·7/1000 respectively, a difference which is not statistically significant. There was, however, a significant deficit of multiple births among the small group of former pill users who were underweight in relation to their height at the time of conception. Multiple births were also increased after stopping sequential pills and preparations containing high doses of oestrogen, and there was an excess of multiple births following breakthrough pregnancies. These findings, although statistically significant, are based on small numbers, and require confirmation from other studies.
SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN CAPACITY AND POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Authors: Pogmore J. R. , Jequier Anne M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity was measured in 26 normal untreated postmenopausal women and 10 postmenopausal women taking different types of hormone replacement therapy. The patients on hormone replacement therapy had significantly higher levels of SHBG than postmenopausal women (p <0.001) and also significantly higher levels than 52 normal ovulating women studied previously (Pogmore and Jequier, 1979; p <0.02). This suggests that postmenopausal women on hormone therapy are being overtreated.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF NYSTATIN, CLOTRIMAZOLE AND MICONAZOLE ON VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS
Authors: Eliot B. W. , Howat R. C. L. , Mack A. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNystatin (100 000 units/day for 14 days) and clotrimazole (100 mg/day for 6 days) were equivalent to miconazole (100 mg/day for 14 days or 100 mg twice daily for 7 days) in curing vaginal candidiasis. However significantly more patients relapsed in the nystatin and clotrimazole groups than in either of the miconazole groups.
PRENATAL ULTRASOUND IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL EXOMPHALOS. CASE REPORTS
Authors: Lomas F. , Stafford‐Bell M. , Tymms A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient is presented in whom ultrasonic examination at 39 weeks detected fetal exomphalos with an intact sac and no associated gross abnormalities. These findings served as major indications for the safe delivery by Caesarean section of a baby that survived and had successful corrective surgery when 6 months old. The infant might well not have survived vaginal delivery.
FETAL BREATHING MOVEMENTS AND FETAL DISTRESS
Authors: Calvert J. P. , Ichards C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐seven pregnancies were monitored by antenatal cardiotocographs, daily fetal movement counts and an assessment of fetal breathing activity by real time scanning, and the results of these tests were related to the development of fetal distress during the first stage of labour. The proportion of time during which fetal breathing movements were present, determined over only a short period of time, was found to be a useful predictor of fetal behaviour during labour.
BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES WHEN UTERINE STIMULANTS ARE USED AFTER NORMAL DELIVERY
Authors: Hacker N. F. , Biggs J. S. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUse of an automatic sphygmomanometer showed that intravenous ergometrine given immediately after delivery caused significant elevation of diastolic blood pressure in all 10 normotensive women studied. Blood pressure was also raised in some patients following the use of intramuscular oxytocin and ergometrine (Syntometrine). Uterine stimulants for use after delivery must be chosen with care.
PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5 IN FETAL AND MATERNAL COMPARTMENTS
Authors: Grudzinskas J. G. , Mharnock M. , Obiekwe B. C. , Gordon Y. B. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlacental protein 5 is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast and secreted into the maternal peripheral circulation reaching levels of approximately 30 μg per litre in normal pregnancy at term. In the present study the distribution of PP5 was examined in maternal and fetal compartments in 13 patients at delivery.
IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM INSERTION OF A COPPER‐WIRED INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE, THE MLCu250
Authors: Thiery M. , Van Der Pas H. , Ddelbeke L. , Van Kets H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe MLCu250, a copper‐wired intrauterine contraceptive device, was inserted in 600 women immediately after delivery of the placenta. Thirty months after insertion, 9843 woman months of experience were computerized and the data analysed according to the life‐table method. The gross cumulative pregnancy and expulsion rates were 13 and 60 respectively. No serious complications were observed and the puerperium was uncomplicated.
REAL‐TIME ULTRASOUND B‐SCAN AS AN AID TO ANTEPARTUM FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING IN MULTIPLE PREGNANCY CASE REPORT
Authors: Phillips W. D. Powell , Wittmann B. K. , Davison B. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryReal‐time B‐scan was found useful in locating the fetal hearts before antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring by Doppler ultrasound in a patient with a triplet pregnancy.