bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Beginning of Chronography: Hellanicus’ Hiereiai
Authors: Moller Astrid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
WHEN theGreeks began to write historiography, they structured the past in a variety of ways, according to the layout and purpose of their work. In Herodotus time does not exist independently of the narrative. He did not arrange the received traditions so as to create a continuous narrative by a separately worked out chrono logy, but made extensive use of flashbacks and digressions to keep together the different focuses of his interests. Thucydides, by con trast, arranged his whole narrative according to the summers and winters of particular years. Here time serves as an autonomous structure. Besides the work of these two great historians, there ex isted a different kind of historiography which attempted to string events along the chain of calendar years, identified by eponymous officials or priests, hence KaT’ EvtavT6v. Here, time dominated the structure of the historical narrative. Unfortunately, works of this kind of historiography have only come down to us in fragments, making it difficult to determine their original shape. It is often impossible to say whether a particular work was written on an an nalistic pattern, i.e. on a year-by-year structure,2 or was simply a kind of historical narrative using some chronographical dates.
The Boastful Chef
Authors: Wilkins John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is well known that ancient Greek comedy is interested in food and wine. Many plays conclude with a feast: further, they were produced at festivals of Dionysos where eating and drinking took place. This book explains the importance of food to comedy: it was a medium through which comedy could represent the material, social, agricultural, political and religious worlds to the Greek city-state. Comedy was a powerful cultural commentator partly because the foods that it represented were resonant markers of the culture. There could be no comedy without food. Related genres and artefacts are also considered. The text also contains translations of hundreds of comic fragments; and it reassesses the division of comedy into Sicilian and Attic Old, Middle, and New.
Summary
Authors: Mannack Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The red-figure Mannerists decorated chiefly cohunn-kraters, hydriai, and pelikai. Beazley discerned three phases of the work shop: Earlier, Later, and Latest. He named seven members of the Earlier Marmerists, the Pig, Leningrad, Agrigento, Perseus, and Oinanthe Painters, and the Painters of Louvre G 23, and London 95.
Wrapping Homer Up: Cohesion, Discourse, and Deviation in the Iliad
Authors: Martin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the many works of ancient verbal art that might fruitfully yield to intratextual readings, the Homeric epics stand out, not necessarily because they are the most complex (Ovid and Apuleius are far beyond them), but because, unlike later works, their very status as ‘texts’ has always been, and remains, uncertain.
Introduction
Authors: Crouch Colin , Eder Klaus , Tambini Damian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Around a decade ago the theme of citizenship suddenly sprang to prominence in academic debate in a number of Western countries. An initial pamphlet and article literature was consolidated into books (Jordan 1989; Kolberg 1992; Oldfield 1990; Turner 1993; Janoski 1998). T. H. Marshall, whose early post war contributions to the concept of social citizenship in the British welfare state had remained quietly in the background literature, leaped into prominence as a major figure (Bulmer and Rees 1996). Unusually for sociological and political science discourses, the theme was quickly taken up in public political debate. The British government even launched a Commission on Citizenship (UK 1990); and the European Union developed policies for a European citizenship (Commission of the European Communities 1997).
Poor Citizens: Social Citizenship versus Individualization of Welfare
Authors: Procacci Giovanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern Western polities have governed individuals as citizens. Citizenship has been a strategy of governance which has developed to the extent that social rights and public services have been integrated into the social contract and an important part of our experience as citizens. Current displacements in social policies and social services risk undermining their crucial links to citizenship issues, because of a tendency to individualize social problems and their treatment.
Social Movement Organizations and the Democratic Order: Reorganizing the Social Basis of Political Citizenship in Complex Societies
Authors: Eder Klaus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Democracy is a cultural project which calls for a form of co-operation among human beings that excludes the use of force and that bases co-operation on collective consent. It was not the Greek city-states which invented democracy. Co-operation based on collective consent has been characteristic for many societies. They simply did not use the word democracy to define what they were doing. But they lived something that we would describe as democracy. The Greek case is particular in one respect.
The Civic Networking Movement: The Internet as a New Democratic Public Space?
Authors: Tambini Damian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many, the commercial media are to blame for the current crisis of active citizenship. There is a convergence of opinion that newspapers, radio, and especially television, distort and trivialize deliberation and representation in the public space (Habermas 1989 [1962]; Fishkin 1991, 1995; Garnham 1986; Barber 1984). Others have made the small step from this prognosis to the assertion that new media of communication—the Internet, multimedia, and computer mediated communication (CMC)—can be used to encourage active political citizenship.
Believing the Impossible
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bones, I want the impossible checked out too.(Kirk to McCoy, in Apart from the sorites, what reason do you have for thinking that you are as profoundly inconsistent as I allege? What independent reason do you have for believing that you believe any contradictions at all? There is a long philosophical tradition, dating back at least to Plato, which denies my presupposition that it is possible to believe the impossible (and, in particular, the contradictory). Many of the philosophers you most respect belong to this honorable lineage: Donald Davidson, Daniel Dennett, Ruth Marcus, Robert Stalnaker, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and on, and on. So why believe me?
Introduction
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I had always intended to study music at university, and so I did. In my first degrees I specialized in musicology and ethnomusicology—history, theory, and analysis. But in my first year I found myself needing a subject in the humanities to complete my enrollment. The philosophy courses sounded interesting, so I took them. What a pleasant revelation they were. Here were people who shared my interest in analyzing and debating arguments and my fascination with questions about personal identity, determinism, God’s existence, and the like. Moreover, from the second year, courses in aesthetics were offered. Though I needed to satisfy the general requirements for a major, and later honors, in philosophy, it was the comparatively marginal area of philosophy of art that most attracted me.
John Cage’s 4’ 33” Is it Music?1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imagine a fugue written for a synthesizer. It is typical of the genre with this exception: its lowest note is at 30,000 hertz, above the range of human hearing. Also, consider a piece of about 300 measures in common time. In most respects the work is ordinary but the tempo is indicated as ‘crotchet = five years’. The opening sixteen-bar theme lasts for more than three centuries; the performance is completed after 6 millennia. In a third case, a work specified for solo piccolo contains a single note, the C at 128 hertz. This tone lies more than two octaves below the instrument’s range. Are these pieces musical works?
Introduction
Authors: McCarthy Timothy , Stidd Sean C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nine essays collected here represent some of the most important recent work on Wittgenstein. The papers have descended from talks given by the authors at a conference under the heading “Wittgenstein in America” at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in September of 1995, which brought together a number of philosophers from different generations concerned with Wittgenstein from a number of different points of view. However, the collection does not attempt to present a systematic picture of the reception of Wittgenstein’s thought in the USA. Rather, the authors have found in Wittgenstein a voice that speaks to some of the most salient issues in recent American philosophy: the topics of meaning, truth, reference, understanding, realism, indeterminacy, intentionality, and the nature of philosophy are treated, in each case by more than one writer. The unity of the collection arises from the connections that bind these themes together, on the one hand, and from certain commonalities of approach among the authors, on the other. In what follows, we have provided short introductions to the essays, grouped thematically, with special attention to their interrelations and to their connection to salient themes in recent philosophy.
Causes of the New Scenario
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first tenet of preference theory is that a combination of five important social and economic changes create a new scenario. This happened at the end of the 20th century in a few affluent modern societies, but at the start of the 21st century in most countries. The five causes of the new scenario are independent, can proceed at different paces in different societies, and do not necessarily occur simultaneously. The two essential changes are the contra-ceptive revolution and the equal opportunities revolution, which occurred in the 1960s and 1970s in some, but not all, Western European and North American countries.
The Polarization of Preferences and Behaviour
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the 1990s, there was widespread agreement on a new trend towards the polarization of women’s employment in Europe and North America. The trend was noticed by numerous social scientists working independently (Bonney 1988; Jenson, Hagen, and Reddy 1988; Power 1988: 145; Jones, Marsden, and Tepperman 1990; Bouffartigue, de Coninck, and Pendaries 1992: 423; Humphries and Rubery 1992; Berger, Steinmuller, and Sopp 1993: 49, 56-7; Coleman and Pencavel 1993: 675; McRae 1993; Burchell and Rubery 1994; Rubery, Horrell, and Burchell 1994: 228-30; Hakim 1996a; Singly 1996: 101-3, 210; Waldfogel 1997, 1998; Davies and Joshi 1998: 52-9; Pencavel 1998). Coleman and Pencavel (1993) concluded that skill differentials have become more important than sex differentials in the workforce. Burchell and Rubery (1994: 109) pointed out that by the 1980s female heterogeneity was already greater than sex differences in employment. Hakim (1996a) noted that female heterogeneity was even greater if all adult women were considered, including those who pursue the marriage career, rather than just working women. Singly (1996: 101-3) concluded that the polarization of women into those centring their lives on family and children, and those who want to combine children and employment, was found at all levels of education.
Things are Different in the Younger Generations: Evidence from longitudinal Studies
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evidence reviewed in Chapter 4 suggests that women are heterogeneous in their preferences, and that there is an increasing polarization of the female workforce and the whole adult female population. A frequent objection is that this conclusion rests on cross-sectional evidence, and that a different picture emerges from longitudinal studies. In reality, much of the evidence in Chapter 4 comes from longitudinal studies-such as the NLS and PSID in the USA-or from European studies collecting retrospective life history data. None the less, it is often argued that things are different in the younger generations. Many believe that younger generations of men and women are moving toward more egalitarian relationships in the home, as they recognize the advantages of both partners being able to enjoy paid work and shared activities in the family, including child-rearing.
Marriage Markets and Educational Equality
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Preference theory underlines the fact that marriage markets continue to be just as important as labour markets for women’s status achievements, and hence for understanding women’s position in society as a whole. For some women, marriage markets are more important than labour markets and have provided an equally effective ladder for upward social mobility, as noted in Chapters 6 and 9. Unfortunately, there is comparatively little research on marriage markets, especially when compared with the enormous volume of recent research and information on women’s changing position within labour markets (for example, Hakim 1996a; Rubery et al. 1998).
Preferences among Men
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Preference theory was developed first and foremost with reference to women, unlike other sociological and economic theories of labour market participation. This chapter presents a preliminary outline of how the theory applies to men. It is necessarily tentative and exploratory. As in other chapters, the focus is on the attitudes and behaviour of men in rich modern societies after the new scenario has given women genuine choices between a life centred on employment and a life centred on family work. Again, the USA and Britain provide our main examples. Will men’s work-lifestyle preferences converge with those of women? This seems unlikely in the short term.
The Plate and its Composition
Authors: Painter Kenneth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the large number of silver vessels found in the areas buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79, only the hoard of silver plate from the villa Pisanella at Boscoreale, about a kilometre north of Pompeii, is comparable in size and splendour to that from the Casa del Menandro. The two differ in that the Boscoreale treasure has more drinking silver, while the Casa del Menandro treasure has a more complete set of eating silver. Like the Casa del Menandro treasure the find from Boscoreale was found in a house, a villa outside Pompeii; but its archaeological value is reduced because its discovery was uncontrolled and because the silver passed straight to the market, with the result that we shall never be totally sure either of how it was related to the villa or of whether we have all that was found. Nevertheless, it seems clear that the hoard of plate was found in a cistern below the grape-pressing room (room P).
The Plate: Ownership, Status, and the Casa del Menandro
Authors: Painter Kenneth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is silver plate useful as an indicator of status? Weight gives a means of assessing the relative importance of surviving treasures. The treasure from the Casa del Menandro represents 23.5 kg of metal, for example, while that from Boscoreale weighs 30 kg, and so they both come into the top category of those treasures of the first century AD that have come down to us. Nevertheless, this tells us little about the contemporary value of the plate, which is much more difficult to assess.
Conclusion
Authors: Painter Kenneth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Treasure from the casa del Menandro is of the utmost importance because it includes one of the largest groups of silver plate ever found and because, unlike almost any other such treasure, it was excavated professionally under controlled conditions. This treasure, then, is more likely than any other to throw light on the society which lived in the shadow of Vesuvius until its destruction in AD 79. Such light, however, can come only from solving first the problem of its relationship with the house within which it was found and with the owner of that house. It must therefore be borne in mind that the reception rooms of the Casa del Menandro were more or less fully decorated after the earthquake of AD 62 and that in 79 further repairs and decorations were under way, while the baths were not yet in working order.
Introduction
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whenever two Romans met, they had to choose between different available address forms to use in greeting, and if they made the wrong choice, the consequences could be unpleasant, as the poet Martial tells us in this epigram. Yet what, precisely, can we learn about Latin addresses from Martial’s complaint? The poet says that he was punished for using the wrong address form, but the punishment was apparently a minor one.
Other Addresses
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The preceding chapters have covered the most important types of address for individuals in Latin, but many others exist as well: none of the terms used in the above passage belongs to the types already discussed. Some very common addresses are used primarily for groups, and some others are used only to non-human entities; these will be discussed in Chapters 12 and 13. There are, however, also some other types of address used to individual humans, and it is these that form the topic of this chapter.
The Use of mi and o
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the meantime, the sister I mentioned approached the funeral pyre carelessly and rather dangerously. Then Pamphilus, terrified, revealed the love he had previously so well concealed: he ran to the woman and put his arms around her waist, saying ‘My Glycerium, what are you doing? why are you endangering yourself?’
Addresses between Spouses and Others with a Romantic Interest
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Aeneas abandons Dido in Vergil’s Aeneid, she com- plains that she can no longer call him coniunx ‘spouse’. Servius, commenting on this passage several centuries later, suggests that the word Dido would have preferred to use was really marite ‘husband’.
Dio, Rome, and the Civic Life of Asia Minor
Authors: Salmeri Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The title of a recent study by Greg Woolf, Becoming Roman, Staying Greek,1 eschewing as it does so outworn a term as ‘Romanization’, may be taken as fairly representative of the approach—showing particular sensitivity to the aspect of ‘mentality’—that now seems to be prevailing in studies on the impact that Roman power had on the Greek world from the century of conquest to the third century AD. Nevertheless, Woolf’s statement that ‘Greeks felt themselves to be Greeks, in a sense that was not wholly compatible with being Roman, while at the same time adopting much Roman material culture’4 does not, altogether, go much further than the conclusions of previous research which limited Roman influence on the Greek world to the adoption of gladiatorial games and certain types of buildings like the bath-gymnasium complexes. Nor does it seem to give much weight to the significant changes that centuries of Roman control, in areas such as Asia Minor, eventually brought about in the conduct of city politics and in the making and advancement of the ruling class.
Marriage, Gender, and the Family in Dio
Authors: Hawley Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dio has proved an excellent source for historians interested in the politics, philosophies, and ideas of the first two centuries of the Roman era, and there are many studies of these areas. However, there is not even a basic collection of Dio’s views on family relations, a crucial topic: in social history. This essay attempts to fill that gap. How one conducted oneself in private, behind the doors of one’s house, with one’s family and friends had long been a commonplace of social philosophy, from the pithy apophthegms of the Seven Sages to the elaborate abstract theoretical webs of Aristotle or Cicero. Dio lived in an exciting time of cultural rediscovery and renaissance. Traditional, classical texts were dusted off and represented to Greek communities who derived great comfort from seeing their glorious past commemorated and celebrated. Dio and his contemporaries
Dia, Socrates, and Cynicism
Authors: Brancacci Aldo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Socrates is an important literary and theoretical presence in the work of Dio Chrysostom. A quick look at any modern edition of the Orations will confirm this. Of all the philosophers mentioned in the writings of Dio, Socrates is the one who receives the greatest number of citations: more than Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Cynics -more even than Diogenes. And if the Cynic beats him by having four discourses dedicated to him, Socrates holds his own with the two speeches in which he is the protagonist: On Socrates (Or. 54) and On Homer and Socrates (Or. 5 5). To this should be added the notable length of citations about Socrates and the interesting nature of those concerning the Socratics. No less important is the fact that the philosopher is cited in many other writings belonging to different periods of the author’s production, for it demonstrates that the interest in Socrates was not a momentary, albeit intense, episode but rather a constant presence in Dio’s intellectual and literary development.
Eastern Christianity
Authors: Ware Kallistos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Around the year 1750 two men were talking in a tavern opposite one of the theatres in central London. ‘I bet you ‘, said the first, ‘that, if I undertake to perform something that is manifestly impossible, and invite the public to come and see me do it, there will be so many fools willing to accept the invitation that they will fill the theatre opposite. ‘ His companion agreed to the wager. The two friends hired the theatre and distributed handbills, announcing that on a specified evening a gentleman of quality would ascend the stage and place himself inside a beer bottle. While in the bottle he would sing the National Anthem, along with other patriotic songs; and members of the audience would be welcome to come on to the stage and inspect the bottle while he was singing inside it. Some days before the appointed evening, every seat in the theatre had been sold. Meanwhile the two friends prudently left London for a week in the country.
The Reformation 1500-1650
Authors: MacCulloch Diarmaid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sixteenth-century upheavals in western Latin Christianity represent the greatest fault-line to have appeared in Christian culture since the Latin and Greek halves of the Roman empire went their separate ways a thousand years before. Western society was now torn apart by deep disagreements about how human beings should exercise the power of God in the world, arguments even about what it was to be human. The division which followed from this between Catholic and Protestant still marks Europe west of the lands of Orthodox Christianity—most obviously for the British in northern Ireland, but everywhere in the continent in a host of attitudes, assumptions, and habits of life which distinguish, for instance, Protestant Prussia from neighbouring Catholic Poland.
A Cross-National Comparative Approach to Couples’ Careers
Authors: Blossfeld Hans-Peter , Drobnič Sonja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book discusses the relationship between class and gender inequality or, more precisely, the intersection of social class and gender within the employment careers of couples. Not only are the employment patterns of couples different in various societies and across historical periods, but our theoretical frameworks have also changed dramatically over the last four decades and shape what we perceive and how we analyse it.