bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region of China: Insights from root biomass and nitrogen application responses
Authors: Huang Tiantian , Zhang Maoxue , Dang Pengfei , Wang Wen , Zhang Miaomiao , Pan Yanyu , Chen Xiaoping , Liao Yuncheng , Wen Xiaoxia , Qin Xiaoliang , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have improved simultaneously with the genetic development of wheat varieties. However, wheat selection is carried out routinely in N‐rich field conditions, with breeding progress limited under low soil available nitrogen. Thus, we performed a 2‐year field investigation using eight milestone winter wheat varieties released between 1947 and 2017 in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region of China with two N applications—normal (CK; 220 kg N ha−1) and reduced (RN; 110 kg N ha−1)—in Shaanxi, China, to examine changes in wheat yield, NUE, water use efficiency (WUE) and root biomass. Our findings revealed average annual yield increases of 49.615 kg ha−1 and 36.905 kg ha−1 under CK and RN, respectively. Notably, the NUE trend mirrored yield, increasing with the release year of wheat varieties, with average annual increases in NUE of 0.192 and 0.336 kg kg−1 under CK and RN, respectively. In the RN treatment, N uptake efficiency (UPE) increased with year of release, while N utilization efficiency (UTE) had no significant relationship. In the CK treatment, UTE increased with year of release, while UPE had no significant relationship. Across the 2‐year experiment, surface root biomass (0–20 cm layer) increased with year of release under CK but had no relationship under RN, while deep root biomass (20–200 cm layer) decreased with year of release under CK and increased under RN. The roots of modern wheat varieties responded better to soil nitrogen levels and produced higher yields, NUE and WUE than earlier varieties by adjusting root biomass distribution in soil.
Leaf photosynthetic performance is not a key factor affecting grain yield in spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses
Authors: Sommer Søren Gjedde , Li Xiangnan , Rosenqvist Eva , Liu Fulai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe yield traits and physiological responses of three wheat genotypes were studied when subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stress at anthesis under either aCO2 (400 ppm) or eCO2 (800 ppm) in a greenhouse. The heat treatment was 7‐days at day/night 35/28°C, and the combined heat and drought was withholding irrigation from the heat‐stressed plants until the photosynthetic rate reached <5 μmol m−2 s−1. The LM62 genotype had higher photosynthetic rate compared with LM19, though no significant difference in grain yield was found. eCO2 increased photosynthesis at 35°C and significantly lowered the electron transport rate at high intercellular CO2 concentrations. Maximum velocity of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum velocity of RuBP regeneration in leaves (Jmax) increased in 35°C compared with 25°C, though when normalized to 25°C both Vcmax and Jmax decreased in the heat‐stressed plants, indicating that an inhibition had occurred. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased under heat, which correlated with the yield loss caused by the stress. Fv/Fm also decreased under combined heat and drought, though it did not related to the declined yield. A small leaf area prolonged the drying period of Gladius, and it was the genotype with the lowest decrease in yield because of stress. It is concluded that the effects of heat and combined heat and drought stress on the gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity on leaf area basis are not directly linked to the yield performance among wheat genotypes, while the morphological characteristics of the plants are important determinants of grain yield in response to those abiotic stresses.
Evidence of additive genetic variation for major milk proteins in dairy cows: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ghavi Hossein‐Zadeh Navid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the past, there have been reports of genetic parameters for milk proteins in various dairy cattle populations. The high variability among genetic parameter estimates has been caused by this. This study aimed to use a random‐effects meta‐analysis model to compile published estimates of genetic parameter for major milk proteins of α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, sum of whey proteins, casein, αs1‐casein, αs2‐casein, β‐casein, and κ‐casein in dairy cows. The study used a total of 140 heritability and 256 genetic correlation estimates from 23 papers published between 2004 and 2022. The estimated range of milk protein heritability is from 0.284 (for α‐lactalbumin in milk) to 0.596 (for sum of whey proteins). The genetic correlation estimates between casein and milk yield, milk fat and protein percentages were −0.461, 0.693, and 0.976, respectively (p < 0.05). The genetic correlation estimates between milk proteins expressed as a percentage of milk were significant and varied from 0.177 (between β‐lactoglobulin and κ‐casein) to 0.892 (between αs1‐casein and αs2‐casein). Moderate‐to‐high heritability estimates for milk proteins and their low genetic associations with milk yield and composition indicated the possibility for improving milk proteins in a genetic selection plan with negligible correlated effects on production traits in dairy cows.
Microvascular permeability and texture analysis of bone marrow in diabetic rabbits with critical limb ischemia based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Donghang , Yan Yuchen , Yang Qi , Li Liang , Zha Yunfei 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly on in the development of diabetes, skeletal muscles can exhibit microarchitectural changes that can be detected using texture analysis (TA) based on volume transfer constant (Ktrans) maps. Nevertheless, there have been few studies and thus we evaluated microvascular permeability and the TA of the bone marrow in diabetics with critical limb ischemia (CLI).MethodsEighteen male rabbits were randomly assigned equally into an operation group with hindlimb ischemia and diabetes, a sham‐operated group with diabetes only, and a control group. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) was performed on all rabbits at predetermined intervals (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days post‐surgery). The pharmacokinetic model was used to generate the permeability parameters, while the textural parameters were derived from the Ktrans map. Data analysis methods included the independent sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, repeated‐measures analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation tests.ResultsThe Ktrans values reached a minimum on day 1 after ischemia induction, then gradually recovered, but remained lower than those of the sham‐operated group. The volume fraction only showed a significant difference between the operation group and the sham‐operated group on day 5 post‐surgery, but not in the extravascular extracellular space volume fraction at all time points. A significantly reduced Ktrans on day 1, a decreased number of bone trabeculae (Tb.N), and the area of bone trabeculae (Tb.Ar), and an increased microvessel density on day 25 in the operation group compared with the sham‐operated group were observed. At each time point, there was a discernible difference between the two groups in the mean value, mean of positive pixels, and sumAverage.ConclusionsThe early stages of diabetic bone marrow with CLI can be evaluated by DCE‐MRI for microvascular permeability. Texture analysis based on DCE‐MRI could act as an imaging discriminator and new radiological analysis tool for critical limb ischemia in diabetes mellitus.
Association between being at‐risk of malnutrition and discontinued home medical care among older patients: a 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Tsuji Taeko , Yamasaki Kazuyo , Kondo Kyoko , Hongu Nobuko , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Fukuo Keisuke , Habu Daiki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoth malnutrition and at‐risk of malnutrition are prevalent among older patients receiving home medical care. Discontinuation of home medical care usually occurs when an older patient is admitted to a hospital or nursing home or dies. This study aimed to assess prospective associations between nutritional status and discontinuation of home medical care in older patients.MethodsThree hundred and thirty‐three Japanese older patients receiving home‐visit nursing care services were included in this study. Their nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment®‐Short Form, and patients were classified into three groups (well‐nourished, at‐risk of malnutrition and malnourished). Outcomes were confirmed at the 1‐year follow‐up survey. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for discontinuation of home medical care based on nutritional status were calculated using a Cox proportional hazard model. Covariates included age, sex, living status, economic status, activities of daily living, comorbidities and dysphagia status.ResultsIn total, 297 patients (median age: 84 years) were analysed. At baseline, 48.5% of the patients were at‐risk of malnutrition and 18.9% were malnourished. During the observation period of 1 year, 27.6% patients discontinued their home medical care. In the adjusted model, the HR for discontinuation of home medical care among those at‐risk of malnutrition was 2.44 (95% CI: 1.34–4.45) times than that of the well‐nourished group, although the malnourished group was not significantly associated with discontinuation of home medical care (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.77–3.72; referent: well‐nourished).ConclusionsAt‐risk of malnutrition was associated with discontinuation of home medical care among older patients.
The Distinction between Theology and Ethics: A Critical History
Authors: Lau Sean 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThis article sketches an intellectual history of the distinction between Christian theology and Christian ethics. The twists and turns of that history have been obscured by a recent tendency to deny the distinction's usefulness, as part of a wider strategy for reasserting theology's relevance to modern social problems. By contrast, earlier theologians assumed the value of the theology/ethics divide, interpreting it through Aristotelian, neo‐Kantian, and finally Marxist categories. The distinction fell into disrepute because theologians struggled to maintain the distinction consistently and disagreed on the concerns implicated by it, variously using it to affirm the moral subject's agency, the divine/human difference, or the complexity of real people's circumstances. Nonetheless, the distinction has persisted as a useful shorthand for recognizing the limitations of Christian theology, qua a conceptual discourse, in fully apprehending its subject matter of the Christian life.
Nucleosynthetic isotope variations in chondritic meteorites and their relationship to bulk chemistry
Authors: Palme Herbert , Mezger Klaus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe relationship of mass‐independent stable isotope anomalies with the chemistry of chondritic meteorites provides constraints on mixing and fractionation processes in the early solar nebula. The present study emphasizes the strong correlation of nucleosynthetic isotope variations among ordinary chondrites (OC), enstatite chondrites (EC), Earth, CI‐chondrites, and Ca, Al‐rich inclusions (CAI) in ε50Ti versus ε54Cr space. This correlation indicates variable contamination of chondritic reservoirs with material from a single source providing neutron‐rich nuclei such as 50Ti, 54Cr, and 62Ni. The well‐defined linear relationship of ε50Ti versus ε54Cr indicates that all reservoirs on the correlation line (“chondrite reference line”) started with a CI‐chondritic (solar) Cr/Ti ratio, irrespective of the present Cr/Ti ratio of the samples falling on the chondrite reference line. The isotope compositions of carbonaceous chondrites (CC) do not fit the chondrite reference line. Their isotope composition is consistent with a mixture of chondritic meteorites originally falling on the chondrite reference line and volatile element depleted CAIs. However, CC cannot result from addition of CAIs to OC or EC. Neither can OC and EC be produced by loss of refractory components from CI‐meteorites. Also, stable isotopes are inconsistent with OC being derived from EC, and vice versa, by a chemical fractionation process. The enrichment of the Earth in refractory lithophile elements is not the result of addition of a refractory component to a chondritic reservoir. It is rather the result of internal fractionation of a chondritic reservoir.
Dancing with the devil? Emmanuel Macron, Marine Le Pen and the articulation of a new political divide in France
Authors: Herman Lise Esther , Lorimer Marta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how political challengers articulate new political divides in European political party systems and with what implications for representative democracy. Focusing on the case of France and the discourse and practices of Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen, the paper identifies three strategies these actors have used to articulate a new political division beyond Left and Right: the discursive rejection of traditional Left/Right politics, the combination of elements from across the Left/Right divide and the identification of each other as opposite sides on a new cleavage. Our analysis also suggests that rather than addressing the democratic pathologies associated with the traditional Left/Right party system, this new divide has largely contributed to deepen them. Specifically, the new dichotomy carries risks in terms of representative deficits, electoral demobilisation and the further legitimation of illiberal politics.
A rare case of an intraosseous lipoma associated with the resorption of a mandibular third molar
Authors: Ryder O. , Rehman M. , Kurram S. A. , Hussain O. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionIntraosseous lipomas (IL) are rare benign neoplasms of bone which very rarely occur in the facial bones such as the mandible. Of the documented cases, many are often asymptomatic and consequently, are an incidental finding discovered by the practitioner.Case ReportThe following case report recounts a 22‐year‐old patient referred for extraction of a carious molar at an Oral and Maxillofacial unit with an incidental finding of pathology involving the contralateral lower left wisdom tooth (LL8) on radiographic examination. Further investigations showed associated external root resorption of the lower left wisdom tooth and a provisional diagnosis of a radicular cyst was made. The case was managed by extracting the associated tooth and enucleating the lesion. During the procedure, fatty tissue was curetted at the apex instead of the expected cystic content. Subsequent histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an IL.ConclusionTo the authors' knowledge, this is only the second documented case of an IL associated with tooth resorption. Findings from this case further our knowledge of the relatively uncommon pathology of intraosseous lipomas in the mandible and highlight the need for histopathological documentation and reporting of apical lesions.
The Comparison of Posterior Intervertebral Release Combined with Posterior Column Osteotomy and Posterior Column Osteotomy Alone for the Treatment of Moderate‐to‐Severe Rigid Scoliosis: A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Deng Zhipeng , Xiu Peng , Wang Lei , Zhou Chunguang , Liu Limin , Song Yueming , Yang Xi 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThere is no consensus on the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe rigid scoliosis. Anterior release and three‐column osteotomy are excessively traumatic, whereas posterior column osteotomy (PCO) alone results in poor outcomes. An emerging surgical technique, posterior intervertebral release (PR), can release the rigid spine from the posterior approach. This study was performed to compare the multi‐segment apical convex PR combined with PCO and PCO alone in patients with moderate‐to‐severe rigid scoliosis.MethodsFrom June 2021 to June 2022, this prospective study of moderate‐to‐severe (Cobb: 70–90°) rigid scoliosis (flexibility of main curve <25%) involved two groups defined by surgical procedure: the PR group, the patients undergoing PR combined with PCO; and the PCO group, the patients undergoing PCO alone. Follow‐up was at least 12 months. Radiographic results mainly included main curve Cobb, correction of per PR/PCO segment, apical vertebra rotation (AVR) and apical vertebra translation (AVT). Demographics, surgical data, complications were also recorded. Student's independent samples t test and Pearson's chi‐square test were used to compare the differences between groups.ResultsForty patients with an average age of 16.65 years were included (PR group, n = 20; PCO group, n = 20). The main curves averaged 77.56° ± 5.86° versus 78.02° ± 5.72° preoperatively and 20.07° ± 6.73° versus 33.58° ± 5.76° (p < 0.001) at the last follow‐up in the PR and PCO groups, respectively. The mean correction rates were 74.30% and 56.84%, respectively (p < 0.001). The average coronal curve correction was 13.49° per release segment, which was significantly higher than the PCO correction of 6.20° (p < 0.001). The correction of apical vertebra rotation and translation in the main thoracic curve was significantly better in the PR group than in the PCO group (p < 0.05). Several minor complications in the two groups improved after conservative treatment.ConclusionThe multi‐segment apical convex PR combined with PCO offers more advantages than PCO alone in the treatment of patients with moderate‐to‐severe rigid scoliosis. Owing to its excellent corrective effect and few complications, this is a high benefit–risk ratio surgical strategy for rigid scoliosis.
Digital rights in perspective: The evolution of the debate in the Internet Governance Forum
Authors: Meireles Adriana Veloso 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe article discusses the transformations of technology in the last two decades, especially those related to privacy, based on the digital rights perspective. It debates how the concept of privacy is grounded on the distinction between public and private, a spatial metaphor no longer applicable in the face of the ubiquity of information and communication technologies. Hence, there is a premise stating the personal is increasingly more political nowadays, due to the phenomenon of surveillance capitalism. To anchor the theoretical debate in an empirically informed discussion, the work analyzes discourses about digital rights used in the main sessions of the Internet Governance Forum. The goal is to map the main Forum controversies about digital rights and their relation with contemporary democracies. Using a combined methodology based on both quantitative and qualitative data from the main sessions of the event, the analysis starts from a survey of the recurrence keywords related to the research; privacy, rights, surveillance, and freedom. From these results, a qualitative analysis of the discourses mobilized in these activities is conducted. The outcomes of the empirical analysis are then discussed from examples of technology regulation in the United States and the European Union. Among the main conclusions of the work, the emphasis lies on the need for transparency and accountability of the artificial intelligence algorithms.Related ArticlesGlen, Carol M. 2021. “Norm Entrepreneurship in Global Cybersecurity.” Politics & Policy 49(5): 1121–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12430.Robles, Pedro, and Daniel J. Mallinson. 2023. “Catching Up with AI: Pushing Toward a Cohesive Governance Framework.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 355–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12529.Zeng, Jinghan, Tim Stevens, and Yaru Chen. 2017. “China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of ‘Internet Sovereignty.’” Politics & Policy 45(3): 432–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202.
Comprehensive analysis of Trichoderma ressei mediated CO2 stress attenuating responses and de novo transcriptome sequencing of rice flag leaf
Authors: Mishra Nishtha , Prasad Priti , Mahfooz Sahil , Shivhare Radha , Verma Pratibha , Singh Satyendra Pratap , Mishra Seema , Kumar Mishra Shashank , Bajpai Ramakant , Mishra Aradhana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional reactions in the flag leaf of rice following the application of Trichoderma as a biofertilizer (BF) at both ambient (aCO2; 395 ppm) and enhanced (eCO2; 550 ppm) carbon dioxide levels. A comparatively smaller percentage change was observed in the photosynthetic parameters, including photosynthetic rate, respiration, and stomatal conductance, subsequent to the introduction of BF in the elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) environment. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed a noteworthy elevation in photosynthetic pigments, total sugar, proline, and ascorbate peroxidase concentration levels in plants treated with BF under ambient and increased carbon dioxide conditions. The buildup of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) was shown to be increased in rice treated with BF under both conditions. Moreover, ICP‐MS analysis demonstrated an augmentation in the levels of vital micronutrients in the experimental group while observing no alterations in the carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio within the flag leaf. The examination of transcriptional responses in the flag leaf demonstrated an increase in the expression of genes associated with the photosynthetic system, amino acid metabolism, several transporters, including aquaporin, and the phosphate pathway, as well as carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Hence, our work elucidates the effective role of Trichoderma in mitigating the adverse consequences associated with elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2).
The psychometric upgrade psychophysiology needs
Authors: Clayson Peter E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough biological measurements are constrained by the same fundamental psychometric principles as self‐report measurements, these essential principles are often neglected in most fields of neuroscience, including psychophysiology. Potential reasons for this neglect could include a lack of understanding of appropriate measurement theory or a lack of accessible software for psychometric analysis. Generalizability theory is a flexible and multifaceted measurement theory that is well suited to handling the nuances of psychophysiological data, such as the often unbalanced number of trials and intraindividual variability of scores of event‐related brain potential (ERP) data. The ERP Reliability Analysis Toolbox (ERA Toolbox) was designed for psychophysiologists and is tractable software that can support the routine evaluation of psychometrics using generalizability theory. Psychometrics can guide task refinement, data‐processing decisions, and selection of candidate biomarkers for clinical trials. The present review provides an extensive treatment of additional psychometric characteristics relevant to studies of psychophysiology, including validity and validation, standardization, dimensionality, and measurement invariance. Although the review focuses on ERPs, the discussion applies broadly to psychophysiological measures and beyond. The tools needed to rigorously assess psychometric reliability and validate psychophysiological measures are now readily available. With the profound implications that psychophysiological research can have on understanding brain‐behavior relationships and the identification of biomarkers, there is simply too much at stake to ignore the crucial processes of evaluating psychometric reliability and validity.