bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Biochemical Sensing Platform Enabled by Directly Grown Graphene on Insulator
Authors: Jing Qiushi , Liu Junjiang , Wang Huanming , Wang Yanli , Xue Honglei , Ren Shan , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Zhi , Fu Wangyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo fabricate label‐free and rapid‐resulting semiconducting biosensor devices incorporating graphene, it is pertinent to directly grow uniform graphene films on technologically important dielectric and semiconducting substrates. However, it has long been intuitively believed that the nonideal disordered structures formed during direct growth, and the resulted inferior electrical properties will inevitably lead to deteriorated sensing performance. Here, graphene biosensor chips are constructed based on direct plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) grown graphene on a 4‐inch silicon wafer with excellent film uniformity and high yield. To surprise, optimal operations of graphene biosensors permit ultrasensitive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus nucleocapsid protein with dilutions down to sub‐femtomolar concentrations. Such impressive limit of detection (LOD) is comparable to or even outperforms that of the state‐of‐the‐art biosensor devices based on high‐quality graphene. Further noise spectral characterizations and analysis confirms that the LOD is limited by molecular diffusion and/or known interference signals such as drift and instability of the sensors, rather than the electrical merits of the graphene devices along. Hence, result sheds light on processing directly grown PECVD graphene into high‐performance sensor devices with important economic benefits and social significance.
Electrochemistry at the Edge of a van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Plačkić Aleksandra , Neubert Tilmann J. , Patel Kishan , Kuhl Michel , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Zurutuza Amaia , Sordan Roman , Balasubramanian Kannan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial van der Waals heterostructures, obtained by stacking two‐dimensional (2D) materials, represent a novel platform for investigating physicochemical phenomena and applications. Here, the electrochemistry at the one‐dimensional (1D) edge of a graphene sheet, sandwiched between two hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes, is reported. When such an hBN/graphene/hBN heterostructure is immersed in a solution, the basal plane of graphene is encapsulated by hBN, and the graphene edge is exclusively available in the solution. This forms an electrochemical nanoelectrode, enabling the investigation of electron transfer using several redox probes, e.g., ferrocene(di)methanol, hexaammineruthenium, methylene blue, dopamine and ferrocyanide. The low capacitance of the van der Waals edge electrode facilitates cyclic voltammetry at very high scan rates (up to 1000 V s−1), allowing voltammetric detection of redox species down to micromolar concentrations with sub‐second time resolution. The nanoband nature of the edge electrode allows operation in water without added electrolyte. Finally, two adjacent edge electrodes are realized in a redox‐cycling format. All the above‐mentioned phenomena can be investigated at the edge, demonstrating that nanoscale electrochemistry is a new application avenue for van der Waals heterostructures. Such an edge electrode will be useful for studying electron transfer mechanisms and the detection of analyte species in ultralow sample volumes.
Photo‐Thermal Mediated Li‐ion Transport for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Qin , Sun Qi , Pu Yulai , Sun Wenbo , Lin Chengjiang , Duan Xiaozheng , Ren Xiaoyan , Lu Lehui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of lithium‐based solid‐state batteries (SSBs) has to date been hindered by the limited ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), where nonsolvated Li‐ions are difficult to migrate in a polymer framework at room temperature. Despite the improved cationic migration by traditional heating systems, they are far from practical applications of SSBs. Here, an innovative strategy of light‐mediated energy conversion is reported to build photothermal‐based SPEs (PT‐SPEs). The results suggest that the nanostructured photothermal materials acting as a powerful light‐to‐heat converter enable heating within a submicron space, leading to a decreased Li+ migration barrier and a stronger solid electrolyte interface. Via in situ X‐ray diffraction analysis and molecular dynamics simulation, it is shown that the generated heating effectively triggers the structural transition of SPEs from a highly crystalline to an amorphous state, that helps mediate lithium‐ion transport. Using the assembled SSBs for exemplification, PT‐SPEs function as efficient ion‐transport media, providing outstanding capacity retention (96% after 150 cycles) and a stable charge/discharge capacity (140 mA g−1 at 1.0 C). Overall, the work provides a comprehensive picture of the Li‐ion transport in solid polymer electrolytes and suggests that free volume may be critical to achieving high‐performance solid‐state batteries.
Spacer Engineering Enables Fine‐Tuned Thin Film Microstructure and Efficient Charge Transport for Ultrasensitive 2D Perovskite‐Based Heterojunction Phototransistors and Optoelectronic Synapses
Authors: Lai Jing , Shi Keli , Qiu Beibei , Liang Jufang , Liu Haicui , Zhang Weifeng , Yu Gui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract2D Ruddlesden–Popper phase layered perovskites (RPLPs) hold great promise for optoelectronic applications. In this study, a series of high‐performance heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) based on RPLPs with different organic spacer cations (namely butylammonium (BA+), cyclohexylammonium (CyHA+), phenethylammonium (PEA+), p‐fluorophenylethylammonium (p‐F‐PEA+), and 2‐thiophenethylammonium (2‐ThEA+)) are fabricated successfully, in which high‐mobility organic semiconductor 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene is adopted to form type II heterojunction channels with RPLPs. The 2‐ThEA+‐RPLP‐based HPTs show the highest photosensitivity of 3.18 × 107 and the best detectivity of 9.00 × 1018 Jones, while the p‐F‐PEA+‐RPLP‐based ones exhibit the highest photoresponsivity of 5.51 × 106 A W−1 and external quantum efficiency of 1.32 × 109%, all of which are among the highest reported values to date. These heterojunction systems also mimicked several optically controllable fundamental characteristics of biological synapses, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and the transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory states. The device based on 2‐ThEA+‐RPLP film shows an ultra‐high PPF index of 234%. Moreover, spacer engineering brought fine‐tuned thin film microstructures and efficient charge transport/transfer, which contributes to the superior photodetection performance and synaptic functions of these RPLP‐based HPTs. In‐depth structure‐property correlations between the organic spacer cations/RPLPs and thin film microstructure/device performance are systematically investigated.
Effect of High‐Pressure Microfluidization on the Microstructure, Physicochemical Properties, and Digestibility of the Different Particle Sizes of Potato Starch
Authors: Xie Xinhua , Chen Jianyang , Zhang Bobo , Zhu Hongshuai , Cheng Lilin , Sun Wenhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPotato starch (PS) is widely used in the food industry, but its uncontrolled paste consistency and poor film properties greatly limit its utilization. To expand its application, PS is separated into small‐ (PS‐S), medium‐ (PS‐M), and large‐ (PS‐L) fractions and modified by “high‐pressure microfluidization” (HPM). The effect of HPM on the microstructure, physicochemical properties, and digestibility of fractionated PS is investigated. Results show that the mechanical forces produced by HPM(50–150 MPa) can break PS molecules and enhance digestion rate with increasing pressure. Meanwhile, the relative crystallinity (RC) of HPM(150 MPa)‐modified PS‐L, PS‐M, and PS‐S decreases by about 29.23%, 15.40%, and 9.33%, respectively, relative to the RC of native fractionated PS. The changes in 1047/1022 and ΔH values in the three fractions show similar trends. Thus, the changes in microstructure of HPM‐modified PS‐L show more considerable than that of PS‐S. Compared with the native ones, the final viscosity of HPM(150 MPa)‐modified PS‐L, PS‐M, and PS‐S decreases by about 61.86%, 41.61%, and 35.70%, respectively, and the setback value increases to 379.67, 479.67, and 493.00 cp, respectively. These results indicate that HPM‐modified PS‐S has a higher tendency to form edible films than PS‐L. Therefore, HPM‐modification may expand the industrial application of fractionated PS.
Predictors of 1‐year mortality after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Sekimoto Akihiro , Miyake Hideo , Nagai Hidemasa , Yoshioka Yuichiro , Yuasa Norihiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeOne‐year mortality is important for referrals to specialist palliative care or advance care planning (ACP). This helps optimize comfort for those who cannot be cured or have a lower life expectancy. Few studies have investigated the risk factors for 1‐year mortality after gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC).MethodsA total of 1415 patients with gastric cancer (stages I–IV) who underwent gastrectomy between 2005 and 2020 were included. The patients were randomly assigned to the investigation group (n = 850) and validation group (n = 565) in a 3:2 ratio. In the investigation group, significant independent prognostic factors for predicting 1‐year survival were identified. A scoring system for predicting 1‐year mortality was developed which was validated in the validation group.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed that the following seven variables were significant independent factors for 1‐year survival: age ≧78, preoperative comorbidity, total gastrectomy, postoperative complication (Clavien–Dindo classification CD ≧ 3a), stage III and IV, and R2 resection. While developing a 1‐year mortality score (OMS), an age ≧78 was scored 2, preoperative comorbidity, total gastrectomy, and postoperative complication (CD ≧ 3a) were scored 1, and stage III, IV, and R2‐resection were scored 2, 3, and 3, respectively. OMS 3 had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 66% for predicting death within 1 year. In the validation group, OMS 5 had a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 93% for predicting death within 1 year.ConclusionsOMS may provide important information and help surgeons select the timing of ACP in patients with GC.
The politicizing clinic: insights on ‘the social’ for mental health policy and practice
Authors: Béhague Dominique P. , Gonçalves Helen , da Cruz Suélen Henriques , de Cruz Larissa , Horta Bernardo L. , Lima Natália P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, we explore how Brazilian socially sensitive therapy can respond to care-users’ desire to change the social and political forces shaping their lives. We use this case to demonstrate the limits of the “social determinants of health” agenda which, when operationalized, tends to leave questions of lasting structural change aside.

Methods
We report on mixed methods ethnographic and epidemiological results from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study, a prospective study of 5914 children. Ethnographic analysis explored the cyclical relationship between schooling, mental health care, conceptualizations of mental distress, social and political engagement, and experiences with diverse forms of discrimination. Epidemiological bivariate and multivariate analyses examined differences in socio-political participation and the reporting of discrimination at different time-points for participants who used therapy with those who did not. Effect modification analysis tested the hypothesis that the socially empowering effects of therapy were greater for marginalized and minoritized youth.

Results
Most young people living in situations of precarity experienced therapy, particularly when based in schools, to be a blame-inducing process. A more fulfilling and impactful therapeutic experience took shape when young people were able to shift the focus away from symptom reduction and behavioral management toward narrative life analyses, social debate, and political agency. Use of socially sensitive therapy was statistically associated with increased political participation and reporting of discrimination after controlling for confounders. The empowering effects of therapy were greater for those with less formal education and family income, but not for young people who identified as black, brown, or non-white.

Conclusion
The findings underscore the importance of considering agency, sociality, and politics when theorizing “the social” in clinical practice, and health and social policy.
A super-localized generalized finite element method
Authors: Freese Philip , Hauck Moritz , Keil Tim , Peterseim Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel multi-scale method for elliptic partial differential equations with arbitrarily rough coefficients. In the spirit of numerical homogenization, the method constructs problem-adapted ansatz spaces with uniform algebraic approximation rates. Localized basis functions with the same super-exponential localization properties as the recently proposed Super-Localized Orthogonal Decomposition enable an efficient implementation. The method’s basis stability is enforced using a partition of unity approach. A natural extension to higher order is presented, resulting in higher approximation rates and enhanced localization properties. We perform a rigorous a priori and a posteriori error analysis and confirm our theoretical findings in a series of numerical experiments. In particular, we demonstrate the method’s applicability for challenging high-contrast channeled coefficients.
Automatic estimation of brain parenchymal fraction in patients with multple sclerosis: a comparison between synthetic MRI and an established automated brain segmentation software based on FSL
Authors: Yazici Ilyas , Krieger Britta , Bellenberg Barbara , Ladopoulos Theodoros , Gold Ralf , Schneider Ruth , Lukas Carsten 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to validate the estimation of the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) by comparison with software tools of the FMRIB Software Library (FSL). In addition to a cross-sectional method comparison, longitudinal volume changes were assessed to further elucidate the suitability of SyMRI for quantification of disease-specific changes.

Methods
MRI data from 216 patients with MS and 28 control participants were included for volume estimation by SyMRI and FSL-SIENAX. Moreover, longitudinal data from 35 patients with MS were used to compare registration-based percentage brain volume changes estimated using FSL-SIENA to difference-based calculations of volume changes using SyMRI.

Results
We observed strong correlations of estimated brain volumes between the two methods. While SyMRI overestimated grey matter and BPF compared to FSL-SIENAX, indicating a systematic bias, there was excellent agreement according to intra-class correlation coefficients for grey matter and good agreement for BPF and white matter. Bland–Altman plots suggested that the inter-method differences in BPF were smaller in patients with brain atrophy compared to those without atrophy. Longitudinal analyses revealed a tendency for higher atrophy rates for SyMRI than for SIENA, but SyMRI had a robust correlation and a good agreement with SIENA.

Conclusion
In summary, BPF based on data from SyMRI and FSL-SIENAX is not directly transferable because an overestimation and higher variability of SyMRI values were observed. However, the consistency and correlations between the two methods were satisfactory, and SyMRI was suitable to quantify disease-specific atrophy in MS.
Responsivität
Authors: Caspar Franz 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungResponsivität, die Berücksichtigung von individuellen Voraussetzungen bei Patient:innen durch die Therapeut:innen, ist in der Diskussion um optimale Psychotherapieangebote ein hochaktuelles Thema. Alle Therapieansätze bemühen sich darum, wobei sich Definition und Praxis recht stark unterscheiden. Dazu wird ein Überblick gegeben, und der eigene Ansatz der Motivorientierten Beziehungsgestaltung („motive-oriented therapeutic relationship“, MOTR) wird, einschließlich eines praxisnahen Forschungsansatzes, exemplarisch ausführlicher dargestellt. Kurze Fallbeispiele sind zur Illustration eingefügt. Am Schluss steht ein Resümee mit Hinweisen auf Konsequenzen für die Praxis.
Fully dynamic reorder policies with deep reinforcement learning for multi-echelon inventory management
Authors: Hammler Patric , Riesterer Nicolas , Braun Torsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe operation of inventory systems plays an important role in the success of manufacturing companies, making it a highly relevant domain for optimization. In particular, the domain lends itself to being approached via Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) models due to it requiring sequential reorder decisions based on uncertainty to minimize cost. In this paper, we evaluate state-of-the-art optimization approaches to determine whether Deep Reinforcement Learning can be applied to the multi-echelon inventory optimization (MEIO) framework in a practically feasible manner to generate fully dynamic reorder policies. We investigate how it performs in comparison to an optimized static reorder policy, how robust it is when it comes to structural changes in the environment, and whether the use of DRL is safe in terms of risk in real-world applications. Our results show promising performance for DRL with potential for improvement in terms of minimizing risky behavior.
Gadolinium-enhanced intracranial aneurysm wall imaging and risk of aneurysm growth and rupture: a multicentre longitudinal cohort study
Authors: van der Kamp Laura T. , Edjlali Myriam , Naggara Olivier , Matsushige Toshinori , Bulters Diederik O. , Digpal Ronneil , Zhu Chengcheng , Saloner David , Hu Peng , Zhai Xiaodong , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Tian Bing , Sakamoto Shigeyuki , Fu Qichang , Ruigrok Ynte M. , Zhao Huilin , Chen Huijun , Rinkel Gabriel J. E. , van der Schaaf Irene C. , Vergouwen Mervyn D. I. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
In patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm, gadolinium enhancement of the aneurysm wall is associated with growth and rupture. However, most previous studies did not have a longitudinal design and did not adjust for aneurysm size, which is the main predictor of aneurysm instability and the most important determinant of wall enhancement. We investigated whether aneurysm wall enhancement predicts aneurysm growth and rupture during follow-up and whether the predictive value was independent of aneurysm size.

Materials and methods
In this multicentre longitudinal cohort study, individual patient data were obtained from twelve international cohorts. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 18 years or older with ≥ 1 untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysm < 15 mm; gadolinium-enhanced aneurysm wall imaging and MRA at baseline; and MRA or rupture during follow-up. Patients were included between November 2012 and November 2019. We calculated crude hazard ratios with 95%CI of aneurysm wall enhancement for growth (≥ 1 mm increase) or rupture and adjusted for aneurysm size.

Results
In 455 patients (mean age (SD), 60 (13) years; 323 (71%) women) with 559 aneurysms, growth or rupture occurred in 13/194 (6.7%) aneurysms with wall enhancement and in 9/365 (2.5%) aneurysms without enhancement (crude hazard ratio 3.1 [95%CI: 1.3–7.4], adjusted hazard ratio 1.4 [95%CI: 0.5–3.7]) with a median follow-up duration of 1.2 years.

Conclusions
Gadolinium enhancement of the aneurysm wall predicts aneurysm growth or rupture during short-term follow-up, but not independent of aneurysm size.

Clinical relevance statement
Gadolinium-enhanced aneurysm wall imaging is not recommended for short-term prediction of growth and rupture, since it appears to have no additional value to conventional predictors.

Graphical abstract

Key Points
• Although aneurysm wall enhancement is associated with aneurysm instability in cross-sectional studies, it remains unknown whether it predicts risk of aneurysm growth or rupture in longitudinal studies.
• Gadolinium enhancement of the aneurysm wall predicts aneurysm growth or rupture during short-term follow-up, but not when adjusting for aneurysm size.
• While gadolinium-enhanced aneurysm wall imaging is not recommended for short-term prediction of growth and rupture, it may hold potential for aneurysms smaller than 7 mm.
Age standardization and time-of-day performance for the Oldenburg Sentence Test (OLSA): results from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: O’Brien Karoline , Hackenberg Berit , Döge Julia , Bohnert Andrea , Rader Tobias , Lackner Karl J. , Beutel Manfred E. , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S. , Chalabi Julian , Schuster Alexander K. , Schmidtmann Irene , Matthias Christoph , Bahr-Hamm Katharina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Oldenburg Sentence Test (OLSA) is a German matrix test designed to determine speech recognition thresholds (SRT). It is widely used for hearing-aids and cochlear implant fitting, but an age-adjusted standard is still lacking. In addition, knowing that the ability to concentrate is an important factor in OLSA performance, we hypothesized that OLSA performance would depend on the time of day it was administered. The aim of this study was to propose an age standardization for the OLSA and to determine its diurnal performance.

Methods
The Gutenberg Health Study is an ongoing population-based study and designed as a single-centre observational, prospective cohort study. Participants were interviewed about common otologic symptoms and tested with pure-tone audiometry and OLSA. Two groups—subjects with and without hearing loss—were established. The OLSA was performed in two runs. The SRT was evaluated for each participant. Results were characterized by age in 5-year cohorts, gender and speech recognition threshold (SRT). A time stamp with an hourly interval was also implemented.

Results
The mean OLSA SRT was − 6.9 ± 1.0 dB (group 1 male) and − 7.1 ± 0.8 dB (group 1 female) showing an inverse relationship with age in the whole cohort, whereas a linear increase was observed in those without hearing loss. OLSA-SRT values increased more in males than in females with increasing age. No statistical significance was found for the diurnal performance.

Conclusions
A study with 2900 evaluable Oldenburg Sentence Tests is a novelty and representative for the population of Mainz and its surroundings. We postulate an age- and gender-standardized scale for the evaluation of the OLSA. In fact, with an intergroup standard deviation (of about 1.5 dB) compared to the age dependence of 0.7 dB/10 years, this age normalization should be considered as clinically relevant.