bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of fluoroquinolone‐induced myalgia using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and in vitro contracture tests
Authors: Guis S. , Bendahan D. , Kozak‐Ribbens G. , Mattei J. P. , Le Fur Y. , Confort‐Gouny S. , Figarella‐Branger D. , Jouglard J. , Cozzone P. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate muscle function in patients with severe myalgia resulting from fluoroquinolone (FQ) treatment. We used histology, in vitro contracture tests (IVCTs), and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) to explore muscle contraction and metabolism.MethodsWe studied 3 patients with myalgia, hyperalgia tendinopathy, and arthralgia following FQ treatment and 3 normal subjects after taking FQs. Results were compared with those of a control group of 9 subjects free of any muscle disease and not taking FQs. Muscle biopsies were performed on the left biceps, and IVCTs were performed in accordance with the protocol recommended by the European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. 31P MR spectra of forearm flexor muscles were recorded at 4.7T throughout a rest‐exercise‐recovery protocol.Results31P MRS showed a significant reduction of pH changes measured at the end of exercise and a faster rate of proton efflux measured during recovery in all patients. IVCTs diagnosed 1 patient as being susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. No specific histologic anomalies were observed in muscle biopsy samples, which showed normal mitochondria.ConclusionThe adverse effects recorded in the 3 patients are related to a preexisting muscular anomaly revealed by FQ treatment.
The PedsQL™ in pediatric rheumatology: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ generic core scales and rheumatology module
Authors: Varni James W. , Seid Michael , Smith Knight Tara , Burwinkle Tasha , Brown Joy , Szer Ilona S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is a modular instrument designed to measure health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents ages 2–18 years. The 23‐item PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales are multidimensional child self‐report and parent proxy‐report scales developed as the generic core measure to be integrated with the PedsQL disease‐specific modules. The 22‐item PedsQL 3.0 Rheumatology Module was designed to measure pediatric rheumatology–specific HRQOL. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL 3.0 Rheumatology Module in pediatric rheumatology.MethodsThe 4 PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (physical, emotional, social, and school functioning) and the 5 PedsQL 3.0 Rheumatology Module scales (pain and hurt, daily activities, treatment, worry, and communication) were administered to 231 children and 244 parents (271 subjects accrued overall) recruited from a pediatric rheumatology clinic.ResultsInternal consistency reliability for the PedsQL Generic Core total scale score (α = 0.91 for child self report, α = 0.93 for parent proxy report), physical health summary score (α = 0.87 for child self report, α = 0.89 for parent proxy report), and psychosocial health summary score (α = 0.86 for child self report, α = 0.90 for parent proxy report) were acceptable for group comparisons. The Rheumatology Module scales also demonstrated acceptable reliability for group comparisons (α = 0.75–0.86 for child self report, α = 0.82–0.91 for parent proxy report). Validity was demonstrated using the known‐groups method. The PedsQL distinguished between healthy children and children with rheumatic diseases as a group. The responsiveness of the PedsQL was demonstrated through patient change over time as a result of clinical intervention.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL 3.0 Rheumatology Module in pediatric rheumatology.
Risk factors for total hip replacement due to primary osteoarthritis: A cohort study in 50,034 persons
Authors: Flugsrud Gunnar B. , Nordsletten Lars , Espehaug Birgitte , Havelin Leif I. , Meyer Haakon E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo identify prospectively the possible risk factors for total hip replacement (THR) due to primary osteoarthritis in a large cohort.MethodsData from a cardiovascular screening were matched with 9 years of national data on THR. Mean age at the start of followup was 54.9 years, and the 50,034 participants were followed up for an average of 9 years. During followup, 672 persons had a first THR due to primary osteoarthritis.ResultsWe found dose‐response associations between body mass index (BMI), body weight, and the level of physical activity at work and THR for primary osteoarthritis. The highest versus the lowest quarter of BMI had a relative risk of 2.0 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4–2.9) among men and 3.0 (95% CI 2.1–4.1) among women. The highest versus the lowest quarter of body weight had a relative risk of 2.1 (95% CI 1.4–3.2) among men and 3.4 (95% CI 2.4–4.9) among women. Intensive versus sedentary physical activity at work had a relative risk of 2.1 (95% CI 1.5–3.0) among men and 2.1 (95% CI 1.3–3.3) among women. No association was found between physical activity in leisure and THR for primary osteoarthritis.ConclusionIntensive physical activity at work and a high BMI each contribute significantly to the overall risk of undergoing THR due to primary osteoarthritis. Lowering the exposure to these risk factors may substantially reduce the need for hip replacement.
Expression of recombination activating genes 1 and 2 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Girschick Hermann J. , Grammer Amrie C. , Nanki Toshihiro , Vazquez Eduardo , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze immunoregulatory abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by assessing the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for types 1 and 2 recombination activating genes (RAG) in the peripheral blood of patients with active SLE.MethodsWe examined B cell populations and also individual B cells from patients with SLE for the expression of RAG mRNA.ResultsAnalysis of bulk mRNA indicated that RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA were found routinely in peripheral B cells of patients with active SLE, but not in healthy subjects. When assessed on a single‐cell basis, there was a 3‐fold increase in the frequency of RAG1‐ and RAG2‐expressing B cells in SLE patients compared with healthy subjects. Notably, B cells expressing both RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA expressed only IgD mRNA, but not IgG mRNA. Fifty percent of RAG‐expressing B cells also expressed VpreB mRNA, whereas all expressed CD154 mRNA. Phenotypic analysis indicated that RAG‐expressing B cells were activated, mature B cells.ConclusionThese results indicate that RAG expression is up‐regulated in peripheral IgD+ and VpreB+ B cells of patients with active SLE. These cells may contribute to the immunoregulatory abnormalities in patients with SLE.
Influence of epitopes CD44v3 and CD44v6 in the invasive behavior of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes derived from rheumatoid arthritic joints
Authors: Wibulswas Auragun , Croft Daniel , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Bacarese‐Hamilton Ian , McIntyre Peter , Genot Elisabeth , Kramer IJsbrand M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the functional implications of CD44 splice variant expression in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsFLS were isolated from synovial tissue obtained from both diseased and nondiseased joints. The expression of splice variants containing exons v3 and v6 was analyzed using immunocytochemistry with exon‐specific antibodies and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blotting. The invasive capacity of the cells was studied in a transwell invasion assay.ResultsFLS obtained from RA joints expressed various CD44 splicing combinations containing the variant exons v3 and/or v6. These cells were highly invasive, whereas cells from normal tissues, which lacked expression of CD44 splice variants, were not. Variant exons CD44v3 and CD44v6 were instrumental in matrix invasion in vitro, with cells enriched for CD44v3 and v6 exhibiting greater invasion and antibodies that specifically recognize CD44v3 and v6 abrogating this capacity to invade. Invasive cells showed a reduced expression of CD44v7/8, and antibodies against this epitope had no significant effect on cellular infiltration of the matrix. The antibodies had no effect on cell migration into the porous section of the transwell.ConclusionFLS obtained from patients with RA express CD44 splice variants and are highly invasive, whereas cells obtained from healthy tissue do not express these variants and are not invasive. Expression of the epitopes CD44v3 and CD44v6 is instrumental in the invasive capacity but not in cell migration. This finding highlights a functional implication for the expression of CD44 splice variants at the level of matrix degradation.
Physician treatment preferences in rheumatoid arthritis of differing disease severity and activity: The impact of cost on first‐line therapy
Authors: Erkan Doruk , Yazici Yusuf , Harrison Melanie J. , Paget Stephen A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a pilot study to identify rheumatologists' treatment preferences for first‐line rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy and determine whether pharmacoeconomic variables modify physician choice(s).MethodsA questionnaire describing 3 different RA scenarios was mailed to American College of Rheumatology members within 4 geographic regions of the US. Physicians were asked to identify their choice(s) of first‐line therapy for each of the cases, first taking cost into consideration, second without considering the influence of cost, and third identifying the therapy that would be chosen for either themselves or a family member.ResultsThree hundred seventy‐five questionnaires out of a total of 994 (37.7%) were returned between 3/12/00 and 4/25/00. Hydroxychloroquine was the most commonly cited medication for a mild disease activity/severity presentation, and methotrexate for a moderate‐to‐severe disease activity/severity presentation. For the severe disease activity/severity presentation, when cost was not considered, 217 (65%) rheumatologists included new disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (leflunomide, etanercept, and infliximab) in their choice of first‐line agents; this number decreased to 47 (14%) when cost was a consideration.ConclusionPharmacoeconomics appear to play a dominant role in rheumatologists' choice of treatment regimens, at times contrary to the physician's perception of the effectiveness of a drug. Future studies should address physician preferences in more depth with respect to cost and its various components.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. X. Measuring cognitive impairment with the cognitive symptoms inventory
Authors: Alarcón Graciela S. , Cianfrini Leanne , Bradley Laurence A. , Sanchez Martha L. , Brooks Kemi , Friedman Alan W. , Baethge Bruce A. , Fessler Barri J. , Bastian Holly M. , Roseman Jeffrey M. , McGwin Gerald , Reveille John D. ,   for the Lumina Study Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factor structure of the Cognitive Symptoms Inventory (CSI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) participating in a multiethnic longitudinal study of outcome, the Lupus in Minority populations, Nature versus nurture (LUMINA) study.MethodsLUMINA patients of Hispanic (n = 48), African American (n = 64), and Caucasian (n = 44) ethnicity who had a study visit (enrollment or followup) between January 1 and September 30, 2000 were included. Patients completed the CSI, a 21‐item self‐report measure of cognitive function. Sociodemographic, clinical, immunologic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables were ascertained per protocol and as previously described. Data were analyzed with SPSS. The factor structure of the CSI was determined using the principal axis method with oblique rotation as decided by Gorsuch. All factors having an Eigenvalue greater than 1 were considered. A 4‐factor solution was derived that accounted for 42.6% of the common variance. The correlations between patient factor scale scores and variables from the demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral domains were then examined.ResultsThe four factors and their respective variance are, Attention/Concentration (28.8%), Pattern Recognition/Activity Management (5.7%), Intermediate Memory (4.7%), and Initiation of Executive Functions (3.4%); each factor correlated with the total CSI score. Overall, patients' factor scale scores were positively and significantly correlated with other measures of cognitive dysfunction such as the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (neuromotor domain) or the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (neurocognitive impairment), as well as with measures of fatigue, maladaptive coping skills, poor mental functioning, poor social support, and helplessness. They were, however, not correlated with sociodemographic or clinical variables.ConclusionsIn addition to demonstrating that the CSI can be used to measure cognitive impairment in patients with SLE in the research setting, we have determined a 4‐factor solution for the CSI that appears to have adequate metric properties. At present, the CSI may best be used as a screen for difficulties in daily activities involving intermediate memory, concentration, attention, and executive function. Nevertheless, further work with the CSI items and factor scales is necessary to establish internal and test–retest reliability of the factor scales; and provide additional evidence of the convergent and predictive validity of these scales in larger samples of patients from each ethnic subgroup.
The determinants of change in tibial cartilage volume in osteoarthritic knees
Authors: Wluka Anita E. , Stuckey Stephen , Snaddon Judith , Cicuttini Flavia M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe rate of change in osteoarthritic (OA) tibial articular cartilage and the factors that influence it are not known. We examined a cohort of subjects with OA to determine the change in articular knee cartilage volume over the course of 2 years and to identify factors which might influence such change and its rate.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐three subjects with OA underwent baseline knee radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on their symptomatic knee. They were followed up 2 years later with a repeat MRI of the same knee. Knee cartilage volume was measured at baseline and at followup. Risk factors assessed at baseline were tested for their association with change in knee cartilage volume over time.ResultsMean ± SD total tibial articular cartilage decreased by 5.3 ± 5.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.4%, 6.2%) per year. The annual percentages of loss of medial and lateral tibial cartilage were 4.7 ± 6.5% (95% CI 3.6%, 5.9%) and 5.3 ± 7.2% (95% CI 4.1%, 6.6%), respectively. Initial cartilage volume was the most significant determinant of loss of tibial cartilage in all compartments, while age was a significant determinant of lateral tibial cartilage loss, when possible confounders were accounted for.ConclusionIn OA, tibial cartilage volume is lost at a rate of ∼5% per year. The main factor affecting cartilage loss is initial cartilage volume. Our results suggest that cartilage loss may be more rapid early in disease. Further study is required to determine whether the rate of cartilage loss in OA is steady or phasic, and to identify factors amenable to intervention to reduce cartilage loss.
Information architecture for bilingual Web sites
Authors: Cunliffe Daniel , Jones Helen , Jarvis Melanie , Egan Kevin , Huws Rhian , Munro Siân 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCreating an information architecture for a bilingual Web site presents particular challenges beyond those that exist for single and multilanguage sites. This article reports work in progress on the development of a content‐based bilingual Web site to facilitate the sharing of resources and information between Speech and Language Therapists. The development of the information architecture is based on a combination of two aspects: an abstract structural analysis of existing bilingual Web designs focusing on the presentation of bilingual material, and a bilingual card‐sorting activity conducted with potential users. Issues for bilingual developments are discussed, and some observations are made regarding the use of card‐sorting activities.
Information architecture without internal theory: An inductive design process
Authors: Haverty Marsha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article suggests that Information Architecture (IA) design is primarily an inductive process. Although top‐level goals, user attributes and available content are periodically considered, the process involves bottom‐up design activities. IA is inductive partly because it lacks internal theory, and partly because it is an activity that supports emergent phenomena (user experiences) from basic design components. The nature of IA design is well described byConstructive Induction(CI), a design process that involves locating the best representational framework for the design problem, identifying a solution within that framework and translating it back to the design problem at hand. The future of IA, if it remains inductive or develops a body of theory (or both), is considered.
Information architecture: Notes toward a new curriculum
Authors: Latham Don 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere are signs that information architecture is coalescing into a field of professional practice. However, if it is to become a profession, it must develop a means of educating new information architects. Lessons from other fields suggest that professional education typically evolves along a predictable path, from apprenticeships to trade schools to college‐ and university‐level education. Information architecture education may develop more quickly to meet the growing demands of the information society. Several pedagogical approaches employed in other fields may be adopted for information architecture education, as long as the resulting curricula provide an interdisciplinary approach and balance instruction in technical and design skills with consideration of theoretical concepts. Key content areas are information organization, graphic design, computer science, user and usability studies, and communication. Certain logistics must be worked out, including where information architecture studies should be housed and what kinds of degrees should be offered and at what levels. The successful information architecture curriculum will be flexible and adaptable in order to meet the changing needs of students and the marketplace.
The fragile basic anchoring effect
Authors: Brewer Noel T. , Chapman Gretchen B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe anchoring bias, the effect of uninformative anchor numbers on judgments, is a robust finding. In experiments yielding the anchoring bias, typically participants are explicitly asked to compare the anchor and target. A logical question is whether any manner of considering a number will bias peoples' judgment. Wilson et al. (1996) showed that merely presenting a number to people will bias their judgments, a result they termed basic anchoring. The absence of any published studies that followed up on Wilson et al.'s work prompted us to examine the basic anchoring effect in three experiments. The three experiments (N = 881, 205, and 117) suggest that basic anchoring is a weak effect limited to the precise manipulations used by Wilson et al. Trivial changes such as altering the order of a series of anchor numbers, or using different anchor numbers, eliminated the bias. Our findings suggest that basic anchoring has a much narrower scope of impact than traditional anchoring effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bigger is better: the influence of physical size on aesthetic preference judgments
Authors: Silvera David H. , Josephs Robert A. , Giesler R. Brian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe hypothesis that the physical size of an object can influence aesthetic preferences was investigated. In a series of four experiments, participants were presented with pairs of abstract stimuli and asked to indicate which member of each pair they preferred. A preference for larger stimuli was found on the majority of trials using various types of stimuli, stimuli of various sizes, and with both adult and 3‐year‐old participants. This preference pattern was disrupted only when participants had both stimuli that provided a readily accessible alternative source of preference‐evoking information and sufficient attentional resources to make their preference judgments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choice preferences without inferences: subconscious priming of risk attitudes
Authors: Erb Hans‐Peter , Bioy Antoine , Hilton Denis J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present a procedure for subconscious priming of risk attitudes. In Experiment 1, we were reliably able to induce risk‐seeking or risk‐averse preferences across a range of decision scenarios using this priming procedure. In Experiment 2, we showed that these priming effects can be reversed by drawing participants' attention to the priming event. Our results support claims that the formation of risk preferences can be based on preconscious processing, as for example postulated by the affective primacy hypothesis, rather than rely on deliberative mental operations, as posited by several current models of judgment and decision making. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conformational analysis of leucine enkephalin as a function of pH
Authors: Aburi Mahalaxmi , Smith Paul E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe conformations of Leu enkephalin in aqueous solution have been investigated as a function of pH using molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations suggest the peptide backbone exists as a mixture of folded and unfolded forms (approximately 50% each) at neutral pH, but is always unfolded at low or high pH. The folded form at neutral pH possesses a 2 → 5 hydrogen bond and a close head to tail separation. No significant intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the carbonyl oxygens was observed in either the folded or unfolded forms of the peptide. Analysis of the Gly carbonyl oxygens and terminal groups indicated that, while the conformational population distribution of Leu enkephalin did vary noticeably as a function of pH, their hydration was essentially independent of pH and in agreement with the available NMR data. Further study indicated that the unfolded state of the peptide was not random in nature and consisted of one major unfolded backbone arrangement stabilized by a persistent hydrophobic interaction between the side chains of Tyr and Leu. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 177–188, 2002