bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide and attempted suicide among people of Caribbean origin with psychosis living in the UK
Authors: McKenzie K. , Van Os J. , Samele C. , Van Horn E. , Tattan T. , Murray Robin 
Published: June 2003

BackgroundA report from a 1980s cohort claimed that suicidal behaviour was four times less common in UK-resident people of Caribbean origin with psychosis than in British Whites. Since then, evidence has accumulated that the rate of suicide and suicidal ideation has been increasing.AimsTo compare rates of suicidal behaviour in people of Caribbean and British White origin in a large multi-centre sample of patients with psychosis.MethodA secondary analysis of 708 patients with psychosis followed up for 2 years. Outcome measures of reported suicide and attempted suicide were adjusted for socio-economic and clinical differences between groups at baseline.ResultsPeople of Caribbean origin had a lower risk of suicidal behaviour than British Whites (odds ratio adjusted for age and gender 0.49, 95% C1 0.26–0.92). There was a strong negative interaction between ethnic group and age: suicidal acts were four times less likely in people of Caribbean origin aged over 35 years compared with British Whites, but there was no large or significant difference in those under 35.ConclusionsThe previously reported lower relative risk of suicidal behaviour in people of Caribbean origin with psychosis is restricted to those over 35 years, suggesting that the protective effect of Caribbean origin is disappearing in younger generations.
Developing early intervention services in the NHS: a survey to guide workforce and training needs
Authors: Singh Swaran , Wright Christine , Joyce Eileen , Barnes Tom , Burns Thomas 
Published: June 2003

Aims and MethodWe conducted a questionnaire study to establish the incidence, specialist staff availability, treatment provision and socio-demographic profile of patients with first-episode psychosis referred to all adult and child and adolescent community mental health teams in south and west London.ResultsAll 39 teams completed the questionnaire, identifying 295 cases of first-episode psychosis (annual incidence 21/100 000/year) referred in the year 2000. Teams manage to engage most patients with first-episode psychosis. A total of 73% of cases of first-episode psychosis were on some form of Care Programme Approach. However, many teams did not have adequately trained staff to provide psychosocial interventions. Even where such staff were available, care was focused mainly on monitoring medication and risk assessment, with only half the teams providing psycho-educational programmes and only a quarter offering individual cognitive–behavioural therapy to those with first-episode psychosis.Clinical ImplicationsEstablishing early intervention services nationwide will require significant new resources, including specialist trained staff, which could prove difficult to provide in inner-city areas. Rather than a single, uniform service model, several models of early intervention services based on locally determined need might be more realistic and appropriate, and also allow research into their relative efficacy.
Prognostic Factors in Primary Breast Sarcomas: A Series of Patients With Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Zelek L. , Llombart-Cussac A. , Terrier P. , Pivot X. , Guinebretiere J.M. , Le Pechoux C. , Tursz T. , Rochard F. , Spielmann M. , Le Cesne A. 
Published: June 2003

Purpose: To describe the pathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of primary breast sarcomas (PBSs). Patients and Methods: We reviewed the clinical records and pathologic slides of 83 women with PBS treated in our institution between 1954 and 1991, with a median follow-up of 7.8 years. The majority of patients had undergone surgical treatment. Results: The main histologic type was malignant fibrohistiocytoma (n = 57). For the whole population, the 10-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 62% and 50%, respectively. For Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer grade 1, 2, and 3 tumors, the 10-year OS and DFS rates were 82% and 61%, 62% and 51%, and 36% and 25%, respectively (P = .00007 and .004, respectively). For tumors measuring less than 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, and more than 10 cm, the 10-year OS and DFS rates were 76% and 66%, 68% and 55%, and 28% and 15%, respectively (P = .002 and .009, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, the tumor size and histologic grade were correlated with the 10-year DFS rate (P = .04 and .01, respectively), but only the histologic grade was correlated with OS (P = .01). Angiosarcoma was the only histologic type significantly associated with a poorer outcome in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: PBSs have the same clinical history and prognostic factors as sarcomas arising at other sites. Therefore, it is legitimate to use a similar treatment strategy for PBS as for other sarcomas.
Perceptions of Patients and Physicians Regarding Phase I Cancer Clinical Trials: Implications for Physician-Patient Communication
Authors: Meropol Neal J. , Weinfurt Kevin P. , Burnett Caroline B. , Balshem Andrew , Benson Al B. , Castel Liana , Corbett Sandra , Diefenbach Michael , Gaskin Darrell , Li Yun , Manne Sharon , Marshall John , Rowland Julia H. , Slater Elyse , Sulmasy Daniel P. , Van Echo David , Washington Shakira , Schulman Kevin A. 
Published: June 2003

Purpose: To describe and compare the perceptions of cancer patients and their physicians regarding phase I clinical trials. Methods: Eligible patients had been offered phase I trial participation and had decided to participate but had not yet begun treatment. Each patient’s physician also served as a study subject. Patients and physicians completed questionnaires with domains including perceptions of potential benefit and harm from treatment (experimental and standard), relative value of quality and length of life, and perceived content of patient-physician consultations. Results: Three hundred twenty-eight patients and 48 physicians completed surveys. Patients had high expectations regarding treatment outcomes (eg, median 60% benefit from experimental therapy), with those choosing to participate in a phase I trial being more optimistic than those declining phase I participation. Patients predicted a higher likelihood of both benefit and adverse reactions from treatment (experimental and standard) than their physicians (P < .0001 for all comparisons). Although 95% of patients reported that quality of life was at least as important as length of life, only 28% reported that changes in quality of life with treatment were discussed with their physicians. In contrast, 73% of physicians reported that this topic was discussed (P < .0001). Conclusion: Cancer patients offered phase I trial participation have expectations for treatment benefit that exceed those of their physicians. The discordant perceptions of patients and physicians may possibly be explained by patient optimism and confidence; however, the discrepancies in reports of consultation content, particularly given patients’ stated values regarding quality of life, raise the possibility that communication in this context is suboptimal.
Evaluating the effect of generic advertising and food health information within a meat demand system
Authors: Boetel Brenda L. , Liu Donald J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe objective of this article was to disentangle the effect on meat product consumption of generic advertising from that of nonadvertising‐related food health information. Using quarterly data from 1976 to 2000, a linearized Almost Ideal Demand System was estimated for beef, pork, poultry, and fish. Simulation results indicate that the increased food health concerns for fat and cholesterol have resulted in a 6% reduction in the consumption of beef per capita per quarter since 1987, and an 18% increase in the poultry consumption. The results also indicate that there is a significant negative spill‐over effect of beef advertising on pork consumption and vice versa. However, a positive spill‐over effect of pork advertising on poultry consumption is also identified. [Econlit citations: D120, Q110, Q130]. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 345–354, 2003.
Characteristic properties of polypropylene cationic fabrics and their derivatives
Authors: Mosleh S. , Gawish S. M. , Sun Yuyu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPolypropylene fabrics were modified with 2N‐morpholino ethyl methacrylate by electron beams and grafting. Then, the modified fabrics were quaternized with different alkylating agents, such as benzyl chloride, monochloroacetic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and chloroethanol. The reaction completion was calculated from the increase in the fabric weight. The modified polypropylene fabrics were characterized by microanalysis and IR spectroscopy. The moisture regain was measured at 20°C and 65% relative humidity. The modified fabrics were sufficiently hydrophilic to adsorb the metal ion Cu2+ from a CuSO4 solution. Their antimicrobial properties were evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2917–2922, 2003
Evaluation of the characteristics of a viscoelastic material from creep analysis using the universal viscoelastic model. I. Isolation of the elastic component designated as the “Projected Elastic Limit”
Authors: Sudduth Richard D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn a preceding publication this author introduced a new universal viscoelastic model to describe a definitive relationship between constant strain rate, creep, and stress relaxation analysis for viscoelastic polymeric compounds. One extremely important characteristic of this new model is that it also characterizes secondary creep very well. Because secondary creep is the linear portion of creep after the completion of primary creep, then a straight line with a slope and an intercept can describe secondary creep. To effectively define a straight line in the secondary creep region it was found necessary to obtain averages of the instantaneous slope and the instantaneous intercept strain by averaging over a series of equally spaced data points in the secondary slope region. Most importantly, this average intercept strain was found to be independent of creep stress and creep time. This means that all the secondary creep straight lines must pass through the same intercept creep strain for all creep stresses. The results presented in this study strongly indicate that this secondary creep intercept strain is independent of creep stress and creep time, and appears to increase as the value of the efficiency of yield energy dissipation decreases. Because a decrease in the efficiency of yield energy dissipation, n, appears to correlate with an increase in the elastic solid like character of a material, then it appears that this secondary creep intercept strain should be a direct measure of the strain that the material can survive to retain its full elastic character. Therefore, this secondary creep intercept strain has been designated as the “Projected Elastic Limit” of a given viscoelastic material. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2923–2936, 2003
Role of heat transfer and thermal conductivity in the crystallization behavior of polypropylene‐containing additives: A phenomenological model
Authors: Radhakrishnan S. , Sonawane Pradip S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of a filler and the thermal conductivity of a composite made from that filler influence the heat‐transfer process during melt processing. The heat‐transfer process from the melt to the mold wall becomes an important factor in developing the skin–core morphology. These aspects were examined in this study. The thermal conductivity of polypropylene–filler composites was estimated with a standard model for various fillers such as calcium carbonate, talc, silica, wollastonite, mica, and carbon fibers. The rate of cooling under given conditions, including the melting temperature, mold wall temperature, mass of the composite, and filler content, was estimated with standard heat‐transfer equations. The time to attain the crystallization temperature for polypropylene was evaluated with a regression method with differential temperature steps. The crystallization curves were experimentally determined for the different fillers, and from them, the induction period for the onset of crystallization was estimated. These observations were correlated with the expected trends from the aforementioned formalism. The excellent fit of the curves showed that in all these cases, the thermal conductivity of the filler and composite played a dominant role in controlling the onset of the crystallization process. However, the nucleation effects became important in the later stages after the crystallization temperature was attained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2994–2999, 2003
Flame retardant flexible poly(vinyl chloride) compound for cable application
Authors: Tian Chunming , Wang Hai , Liu Xiulan , Ma Zhiguang , Guo Huazhi , Xu Jianzhong 
Published: June 2003

AbstractZnO/MgO, ZnO/CaO, and ZnO/CaO/MgO can form solid solutions. The solid solution for we as flame retardant (SSFR) was obtained by annealing at 1023 K for 4.5 h in a muffle furnace. Flexible poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) filled with SSFR and Sb2O3 was investigated by differential thermal analysis thermogravimetry. Limiting oxygen index (LOI), mechanical properties, and electrical properties were studied. The surface of the char formed after combusting of the PVC compounds was observed through scanning electron microscopy and the effect of the surface area to the LOI was also studied. The data suggested that a small amount of SSFR and Sb2O3 have good synergy and can greatly increase the LOI and the char yield, and that the thermal degradation temperature and the activation energy decreased. It can be concluded that the mechanism of SSFR is a condensed‐phase mechanism. Moreover, one can conclude that the surface area can enhance the LOI. All the results showed that SSFR is effective and safe as a flame retardant in flexible PVC. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3137–3142, 2003
Conformation of polyacrylamide in aqueous solution with interactive additives and cosolvents
Authors: Wu Shuhui , Shanks Robert A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe viscosity of polyacrylamide (PAM) dilute aqueous solutions with NaCl, glucose, and SDS as additives was measured by Ubbelohde viscometry. There was linear relationship between reduced viscosity vs. PAM concentration in aqueous solutions. The Huggins constantkand intrinsic viscosity [η] were used to study the conformation of the polymer chains and the degree of polymer–solvent interaction. In addition, the viscosity of diluted PAM solutions in water with acetone, ethanol, DMF, and ethylene glycol as cosolvent was measured. It was found that the polymer chain conformation contracted as the acetone, ethanol, and DMF cosolvent composition ratio increased, but there was no distinguishing difference between water–ethylene glycol compositions. The solution properties of PAM were used to estimate the swelling properties of PAM gel in the same external conditions, as gel is formed by crosslinking of linear polymer. In good solvent the polymer chain should be expanded, and gel is expected to have large swelling ratio. In water cosolvent systems, when the linear polymer chain underwent coil–globule transition, PAM gel should have volume phase transition under corresponding external conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3122–3129, 2003
Synthesis of novel chiral Cu or Ag/S,N cluster complexes and absolute stereostructures as determined by x‐ray crystallography
Authors: Shi Min , Jiang Jian‐Kang 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNovel chiral copper(I) and silver(I) metal complexes were synthesized from the reaction of chiral 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione ligand with CuCl and AgOAc in dichloromethane in the presence of Et3N and DMAP at room temperature. Their unique crystal structures were determined by X‐ray analysis. Four Cu(I) atoms and four 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione ligands form a butterfly‐type metal cluster. Six Ag(I) atoms and six 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione ligands form another butterfly‐type cluster. Chirality 15:605–608, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a ristocetin bonded stationary phase for subcritical fluid chromatography of enantiomers
Authors: Lavison Gwenaelle , Thiébaut Didier 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA stationary phase derived from ristocetin was evaluated for chiral separation in subcritical fluid chromatography. Separation of various enantiomers having different structures and pKa values were investigated using carbon dioxide and polar modifiers. The influence of modifiers, additives, temperature, and mobile phase flow rate on separations is presented. It is concluded that this stationary phase can be used for SFC despite its structural similarity with protein‐derived stationary phases that can only be used in HPLC. The separation mechanisms could not be elucidated or predicted using these initial experiments. The separations of warfarin and, especially, efavirenz demonstrate the potential of this type of stationary phase for rapid SFC chiral separations. Chirality 15:630–636, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manifestation of chiral recognition of camphor enantiomers by α‐cyclodextrin in longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of the corresponding 1:2 complexes and determination of the orientation of the guest inside the host capsule
Authors: Anczewski Waldemar , Dodziuk Helena , Ejchart Andrzej 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe 1:2 complexes of camphor enantiomers with α‐cyclodextrin in 2H2O manifest differences in longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of camphor methyl protons owing to chiral recognition. The relaxation data obtained at two magnetic fields were quantitatively analyzed using the model of anisotropic overall tumbling with internal motion. In experimental conditions (guest‐to‐host ratio = 1:20, T = 300.6K), all camphor molecules are complexed. The complexes are not rigid but the rotational diffusion of camphor enantiomers embedded inside the capsules formed by two α‐cyclodextrin hosts is well outside the extreme narrowing region. Both differences in the anisotropic overall tumbling and internal rotation of all methyl groups participate in enantiomeric differentiation of the relaxation rates. Anisotropic tumbling of camphor molecules provides information on the orientation of the guest in the host capsule that for the complex under study could not be obtained by other methods. Chirality 15:654–659, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local corona behavior and creeping discharge on (needle‐dielectric, semiconductor) composite electrodes
Authors: Sakamoto Naoki , Kuninaka Yoshito , Ueno Hideki , Nakayama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper describes local corona behavior and creeping discharge on composite electrode systems in N2. The composite electrode consisted of a needle contacted with a borosilicate glass or a ZnO disk on a needle–plane configuration. The discharge voltages increased when the needle was in contact with the glass with increasing creeping distance (L) from the needle tip to the bottom of the disk. The discharge voltages showed a reversed polarity effect beginning at L = 4 mm. In the case of a needle in contact with ZnO, the discharge voltage increased with distance until L = 2 mm, but decreased beyond L = 2 mm. Observation using an ultrahigh‐speed camera showed that the discharge behavior was different for the glass and for the ZnO. Corona photographs taken by a camera with an image intensifier showed that the corona was generated at the triple junction in the case of ZnO. The differences in discharge voltage characteristics and the discharge behavior between the glass and ZnO were associated with the corona properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 1–9, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10208
Age–period–cohort models and disease mapping
Authors: Lagazio Corrado , Biggeri Annibale , Dreassi Emanuela 
Published: June 2003

AbstractJoint modelling of space and time variation of the risk of disease is an important topic in descriptive epidemiology. Most of the proposals in this field deal with at most two time scales (age–period or age–cohort). We propose a hierarchical Bayesian model that can be used as a general framework to jointly study the evolution in time and the spatial pattern of the risk of disease. The rates are modelled as a function of purely spatial terms (local effects of risk factors that do not vary in time), time effects (on the three time axes: age, calendar period and birth cohort) and space–time interactions that describe area specific time patterns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deleterious effects of mild simulated overwintering temperatures on survival and potential fecundity of rose‐galling Diplolepis wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Authors: Williams Jason B. , Shorthouse Joseph D. , Lee Richard E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPrepupae of the rose galling Diplolepis spinosa from areas with relatively cold winters in southern Canada, and Diplolepis variabilis from a milder locale in western Canada, were used to test the hypothesis that mild winter temperatures are detrimental to the survival and potential fecundity of insects. Prepupae of D. spinosa held within or removed from their galls were exposed to simulated overwintering temperatures (−22, 0, 5, or 10°C) for approximately four months before measuring their survival, body size, and potential fecundity. Similar studies were conducted using prepupae of D. variabilis that were removed from their gall and subjected to 0°C or 10°C treatments. Diplolepis spinosa, with or without their galls, averaged 66% more mortality at 10°C than at 0°C. Female D. spinosa that survived the 10°C treatment had 32% fewer eggs than those held at 0°C. In contrast, there was no difference in survival or numbers of eggs between D. variabilis held at 0°C and 10°C. Body size of adult females and size of eggs did not differ among temperature treatments for either species. We conclude that mild overwintering temperatures may be detrimental for insects by raising their metabolism, and consequently reducing energetic reserves needed for development to the adult stage and subsequent production of eggs the following spring. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:23–31, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of acid stress in adult Rana pipiens
Authors: Brodkin Marc , Vatnick Itzick , Simon Martin , Hopey Hollyann , Butler‐Holston Kristine , Leonard Michelle 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe decline in frog populations is a well‐recognized worldwide phenomenon and infectious disease has been implicated as a major cause in the global decline of amphibian populations. Rana pipiens are disappearing from many habitats where they used to flourish, and environmental acidification has been considered as a possible contributor to this disappearance. We present a model that integrates the results of several experiments on the effects of acid exposure on natural resistance and mortality of adult Rana pipiens. These studies suggest that different components of the natural defense mechanisms of these frogs have different acid sensitivities. We have shown previously that exposure to pH 5.5 leads to a reduction in splenic white blood cell number, viability, and to colonization of the spleen with both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In this paper we show that exposure to pH 6.0 did not affect the number or viability of splenic white blood cells but did result in colonization of the spleen by bacteria. We also show that cold exposure by itself does not cause a systemic bacterial infection in adult Rana pipiens, but acid stress following cold exposure does. The data presented in this paper provide empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that acid stress may be a contributor to the decline of Rana pipiens in the northeastern region of the United States. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:16–22, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.