bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the viscoelastic properties of the human brain at 7 T MRI using intrinsic MRE and nonlinear inversion
Authors: Burman Ingeberg Marius , Van Houten Elijah , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntrinsic actuation magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a phase‐contrast MRI technique that allows for in vivo quantification of mechanical properties of the brain by exploiting brain motion that arise naturally due to the cardiac pulse. The mechanical properties of the brain reflect its tissue microstructure, making it a potentially valuable parameter in studying brain disease. The main purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of reconstructing the viscoelastic properties of the brain using high‐quality 7 T MRI displacement measurements, obtained using displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) and intrinsic actuation. The repeatability and sensitivity of the method for detecting normal regional variation in brain tissue properties was assessed as secondary goal. The displacement measurements used in this analysis were previously acquired for a separate study, where eight healthy subjects (27 ± 7 years) were imaged with repeated scans (spatial resolution approx. 2 mm isotropic, temporal resolution 75 ms, motion sensitivity 0.35 mm/2π for displacements in anterior–posterior and left–right directions, and 0.7 mm/2π for feet–head displacements). The viscoelastic properties of the brain were estimated using a subzone based non‐linear inversion scheme. The results show comparable consistency to that of extrinsic MRE between the viscoelastic property maps obtained from repeated displacement measurements. The shear stiffness maps showed fairly consistent spatial patterns. The whole‐brain repeatability coefficient (RC) for shear stiffness was (mean ± standard deviation) 8 ± 8% relative to the mean whole‐brain stiffness, and the damping ratio RC was 28 ± 17% relative to the whole‐brain damping ratio. The shear stiffness maps showed similar statistically significant regional trends as demonstrated in a publicly available atlas of viscoelastic properties obtained with extrinsic actuation MRE at 50 Hz. The damping ratio maps showed less consistency, likely due to data‐model mismatch of describing the brain as a viscoelastic material under low frequencies. While artifacts induced by fluid flow within the brain remain a limitation of the technique in its current state, intrinsic actuation based MRE allow for consistent and repeatable estimation of the mechanical properties of the brain. The method provides enough sensitivity to investigate regional variation in such properties in the normal brain, which is likely sufficient to also investigate pathological changes.
Association between pregnant women fasting duration and neonatal hypoglycemia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Makino Yuto , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Hayashi Kazumasa , Kato Noriko , Ueda Kentaro , Tanaka Taihei , Iwami Taku 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between maternal fasting time before delivery and the occurrence of hypoglycemia in neonates immediately after birth.MethodsThis prospective single‐center cohort study included pregnant women who delivered at the study institution between October 2021 and January 2023 and their neonates. The primary outcome was the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia after birth, defined as a blood glucose level less than 47 mg/dL. Fasting time was categorized into quartiles, and the association between maternal fasting time and neonatal hypoglycemia was investigated. The crude or adjusted odds ratios of maternal fasting time for neonatal hypoglycemia were calculated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 663 pregnant women and 696 neonates. Compared with the reference group with a short fasting time of 4.3 h or less, the adjusted odds ratios for neonatal hypoglycemia were 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–3.20) for middle fasting time (4.3–9.8 h), 4.05 (95% CI 2.02–8.56) for long fasting time (9.8–14.6 h), and 4.99 (95% CI 2.59–10.25) for very long fasting time (>14.6 h). In the subgroup analysis, the association between maternal fasting time and neonatal hypoglycemia showed different trends according to the mode of delivery.ConclusionMaternal fasting time over 9–10 h before delivery was associated with the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia. Obstetrical management, considering not only maternal safety but also neonatal hypoglycemia prevention, is required.
Photobiomodulation therapy alleviates repeated closed head injury‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Meng , Wu Chongyun , Su Yanlin , Feng Shu , Deng Qianting , Zou Peibin , Liu Timon Cheng‐Yi , Duan Rui , Yang Luodan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRepeated closed head injury (rCHI) is one of the most common brain injuries. Although extensive studies have focused on how to treat rCHI‐induced brain injury and reduce the possibility of developing memory deficits, the prevention of rCHI‐induced anxiety has received little research attention. The current study was designed to assess the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in preventing anxiety following rCHI. The rCHI disease model was constructed by administering three repeated closed‐head injuries within an interval 5 days. 2‐min daily PBM therapy using an 808 nm continuous wave laser at 350 mW/cm2on the scalp was implemented for 20 days. We found that PBM significantly ameliorated rCHII‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors, neuronal apoptosis, neuronal injury, promotes astrocyte/microglial polarization to anti‐inflammatory phenotype, preserves mitochondrial fusion‐related protein MFN2, attenuates the elevated mitochondrial fission‐related protein DRP1, and mitigates neuronal senescence. We concluded that PBM therapy possesses great potential in preventing anxiety following rCHI.
Serum creatinine phosphokinase: A potential prognostic marker in assessing clinical severity with organophosphorus poisoning
Authors: Islam Ashekul , Chowdhury Dhiman , Palit Pulak Kanti , Sohel Md , Mozibullah Md. , Islam Mohammod Johirul , Al Mamun Abdullah , Datta Joyonti , Dev Annanya , Nath Pradip Kumar , Chowdhury Md Faisal Fahad , Nath Sabuj Kanti , Mujib Abu Syed Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionOrganophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning undoubtedly being a major concern in cultivation sites of the developing world, including Bangladesh. Two potential biomarkers, for example, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), are widely used in OPC poisoning severity indicators in patients. In this study, we sought to correlate the severity score of acute OPC poisoning with CPK or LDH level and subsequently explore their prognostic value.MethodsThis study was performed on a total of 70 patients with OPC poisoning admitted to the inpatient care unit at a territory‐based hospital in Bangladesh. Sociodemographics and poison types were recorded, and severity was assessed according to Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale. Serum CPK and LDH levels were measured and recorded.ResultsA total of seventy OPC patients were included with male to female ratio of 1.33:1, respectively, with a mean age of 28.7 ± 12.8 years. Chlorpyrifos and methylparathion were the most commonly utilized OP compounds, accounting for 42.9% and 28.6%, respectively. Among the OPC patients, the majority were married homemakers from rural areas. According to POP score, 55.7% and 37.1% of patients were categorized as mild and moderate, whereas very few were found to be severe. The mean serum CPK and LDH of OPC‐patients at admission time were 235.6 ± 79.8 IU/L and 348.3 ± 154.1 IU/L, respectively. Serum CPK, atropine dose and hospital stay strongly correlated with clinical severity.ConclusionWe conclude that the serum CPK level strongly correlates with the degree of OPC poisoning and can be used as a predictor of the clinical intervention approaches.
Performance and mechanism of enhanced phenolic compounds treatment via mycelial pellets
Authors: Zhang Si , Dai Xuemin , Dang Zhiwen , Wang Shenyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiological enhancement in organic wastewater treatment is currently considered an effective and economical method. As a biomass carrier, mycelial pellets are attracting increasing attention, with substantial progress recently being made. To investigate their bioaugmentation effect as a biomass carrier, mycelial pellets with immobilized phenol‐degrading bacteria were applied in a sequencing batch reactor. The phenolic compound removal efficiency of the mycelial pellet‐enhanced system was then studied and compared to the control aerobic activated sludge‐enhanced system. Finally, the settling velocity, internal structure, and surface properties were studied to explore the main bioaugmentation mechanisms of the mycelial pellets.RESULTSThe stable degradation effects of phenolic compounds and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed in both systems. In the mycelial pellet system, the biological removal efficiency was approximately 0.5 mg phenolic compounds L−1 d−1MLSS−1 and 0.4 mg TOC L−1 d−1MLSS−1, which was higher than the aerobic activated sludge system. Bioaugmentation by the pellets was mainly attributed to the structure of the connected macropores, the electrostatic attraction of positive charges, the adsorption of functional groups on the hypha surface, and flocculation due to the extracellular polymeric substances secreted on the pellet.CONCLUSIONThe excellent phenolic compound removal efficiency and bioaugmentation effect of the mycelial pellets suggest their potential to enhance organic wastewater treatment as a biomass carrier. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Setting the research agenda: involving parents in research on children who are HIV‐free
Authors: Bukasa Laurette L. , Namiba Angelina , Brown Matilda , Ndu'ngu Estelle , Nangwale Mercy , Letting Gillian , Chirwa Patricia , Thorne Claire , Tariq Shema 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is growing interest in health, developmental and survival outcomes of children who are born HIV‐free to women living with HIV (children born HIV‐free). To date, the research agenda has been largely determined by researchers, funders and policy makers, with limited involvement of parents, who are key stakeholders. Researchers at UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health in partnership with community‐based organisation 4M Network of Mentor Mothers conducted two workshops with parents in March 2022 to establish research priorities for children born HIV‐free, and key considerations for methodological approaches both to research and engagement with the affected communities.DiscussionWhen exploring research on children born HIV‐free, we consider the following: what aspects of current research are aligned with women and parents’ priorities, what is missing and what approaches would be preferred. A holistic approach to research on children born HIV‐free should be prioritised, focussing on a breadth of outcomes and how they intersect. Secondary use of existing data sources should be maximised to facilitate this, with a view of monitoring the long‐term effects of fetal antiretroviral drug exposure alongside other key health and developmental outcomes. Involving and engaging with parents, and children where possible, must be at the heart of research design to maximise relevance and impact of findings for the affected communities. Potential barriers to engaging with individuals who were children born HIV‐free include parental disclosure and individuals not identifying as a child born HIV‐free to a mother living with HIV. Stigma‐free language must be incorporated into the vocabulary of researchers and other stakeholders, avoiding reference to exposure; we propose the term “children born HIV‐free.”ConclusionsMothers and parents living with HIV should be involved in research about their children born HIV‐free and are key in identifying research priorities so that findings may translate into an impact on their children's health and wellbeing. Meaningful involvement of women living with HIV through trusted community partners is an effective mechanism by which to elicit views on research about their children.
A trial of nurturing care among children who are HIV‐exposed and uninfected in eSwatini
Authors: Ruff Andrea , Dlamini Xolisile , Nonyane Bareng AS , Simmons Nicole , Kochelani Duncan , Burtt Fiona , Mlotshwa Fakazi , Gama Ncamsile , Scheepers Esca , Schmitz Kathrin , Simelane Lethokuhle , Van Lith Lynn M. , Black Maureen M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildren who are HIV‐exposed and uninfected (CHEU) are a growing population at potential risk of poor neurocognitive development. We tested a nurturing care intervention on children's neurocognitive development and maternal depressive symptoms (primary) with mediation through caregiving activities (secondary).MethodsThis study was conducted among six intervention and nine comparison antenatal‐care/prevention of vertical transmission (ANC/PVT) HIV clinics in eSwatini. We enrolled pregnant women and measured infant development at 9 and 18 months. mothers2mothers (m2m) designed and implemented the clinic‐home‐community‐based intervention. We measured infants’ neurodevelopment, maternal depressive symptoms and caregiving activities with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, HOME Inventory and Family Care Indicators. We fitted linear mixed effects regression models with clinic random effects to compare intervention versus comparison arms, and generalised structural equation models to evaluate mediation, adjusting for confounders.ResultsMother‐infant pairs (n = 429) participated between January 2016 through May 2018. Socio‐demographic characteristics were balanced between arms except for higher rates of peri‐urban versus rural residence and single versus married mothers in the comparison group. The 18 month retention was 82% (180/220) intervention, 79% (166/209) comparison arm, with 25 infant deaths. Intervention MSEL scores were significantly, and modestly, higher in receptive language (55.7 [95% CI 54.6, 56.9] vs. 53.7 [95% CI 52.6, 54.8]), expressive language (42.5 [95% CI 41.6, 39.8] vs. 40.8 [95% CI 39.8, 41.7]) and composite MSEL (85.4 [95% CI 83.7, 84.5] vs. 82.7 [95% CI 81.0, 84.5]), with no difference in maternal depressive symptoms or in observations of mother‐child interactions. Intervention book‐sharing scores were higher (0.63 vs. 0.41) and mediated the effect on MSEL scores (indirect effect, p‐values ≤ 0.024). The direct effects on visual reception and expressive language scores were significantly higher in the intervention compared to the comparison arm (coefficients 1.93 [95% CI 0.26, 3.60] and 1.66 [95% CI 0.51, 2.79, respectively]).ConclusionsNurturing care interventions can be integrated into ANC/PVT clinic‐home‐community programmes. The intervention, mediated through interactive caregiving activities, increased language development scores among CHEU. Partnering with a local team, m2m, to design and implement a culturally relevant intervention illustrates the ability to impact parent‐child play and learning activities that are associated with children's neurodevelopment.
Strengthening the evidence to improve health outcomes of children with perinatal HIV exposure
Authors: Lee Sonia , Allison Susannah , Brouwers Pim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe number of children exposed to HIV and possibly to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in utero and during breastfeeding and are uninfected (HEU) globally will continue to increase from the estimated 15.9 million in 2021.DiscussionThere are still significant gaps in our understanding of the impact of HIV and/or ART exposure in children who are HEU, in terms of prevalence/incidence and severity on health and wellbeing, and long after exposure has ended. While there have been substantial programmatic efforts to support the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV, additional rigorous research is needed to better understand the biological, (psycho)social and structural factors contributing to optimal health for populations who are HEU. Furthermore, the best approaches to address and study the gaps in understanding also need to be explored. Given the scope of the problem including the large numbers of affected people as well as the often limited and competing in‐country resources for populations affected by HIV, novel methodologies, including multi‐level approaches and advanced analytics, need to be considered.ConclusionsA growing population of children who are HEU are maturing into adolescence and young adulthood. Research to advance understanding of the possible negative long‐term effects of HIV and/or ART exposure in these youth is supported by the US National Institutes of Health. Both large epidemiological studies and smaller more comprehensive cohort studies may be required to address the complexity of the issue. Integrating both types of studies could allow the establishment of more reliable and validated predictions of which youth who are HEU are at the highest risk for specific negative health outcomes, such as mental health and neurocognitive disorders, and which interventional approaches may be most successful to address specific deficits both in terms of prevention and treatment. Finally, these goals can be more rapidly achieved with data science efforts, data harmonisation between studies and with sustainable data‐sharing practices. It is important to expand the commitment to research to identify biological, social and structural drivers, to develop screening tools, and impactful and contextually appropriate interventions to address the health and wellbeing of children who are HEU from birth through adulthood.
病理解剖することで診断に至った妊娠オウム病の1例(Postmortem diagnosis of gestational psittacosis: a case report)
Authors: 崇 宮内 , 祐太郎 平田 , 信也 福田 
Published: November 2023

要旨症例は20歳代女性，妊娠7か月の妊婦。感冒様症状を発症し，SARS–Cov–2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2），インフルエンザ抗原迅速検査は陰性であったが，その後急速に悪化し当院に紹介となった。来院時は意識障害，発熱，頻脈，頻呼吸を認めショック状態であった。子宮内の胎児は死亡した状態であった。血液検査，画像検査から肺炎による敗血症性ショックと診断し，メロペネムの投与，人工呼吸管理を開始してICUに入室した。細胞外液輸液，輸血，カテコラミン投与など集学的治療を行ったが，呼吸，循環は安定せず，症状増悪から約7時間で死亡した。原因不明のため家族の承諾を得て病理解剖を実施した。組織所見では肺，肝臓，腎臓に明らかな感染所見は認めないが，胎盤の絨毛間に好中球の集積を認めた。絨毛炎と臨床経過から妊娠オウム病が疑われ遺伝子検査を行ったところ，胎盤，肺，肝臓，脾臓からChlamydia psittaciの遺伝子が検出され，妊娠オウム病と診断した。妊娠オウム病は急性期の診断が困難であるが，急速に悪化し致死的な経過をたどることがある。妊婦に感冒様症状を認めた場合には妊娠オウム病を念頭に置いて診療にあたる必要がある。また，妊産婦の予期せぬ死亡に対しては，家族に丁寧な説明を行ったうえで病理解剖を行い，原因を追究することが勧められる。
Interventional radiologyと開腹手術のハイブリッド治療により救命し得た下大静脈損傷の1例(Hybrid therapy including interventional radiology and surgery for inferior vena cava injury: a case report)
Authors: 久美子 河野 , 誠昌 中村 , 憲一 児玉 , 努 白川 , 岬 村崎 , 翔吾 増田 , 啓介 元濵 
Published: November 2023

要旨　医療が発達した現代でも下大静脈の損傷は救命が難しい損傷の一つである。近年，下大静脈に血管閉塞バルーンを留置し血流量を減少させて修復術に臨む方法や，カバードステントを使用するなど，interventional radiology（IVR）を併用した静脈損傷修復術が報告されている。今回我々は，開腹術に大動脈遮断バルーンや塞栓術などのIVRを併用することで，良好な視野のもと出血量を最小限にとどめ，下大静脈損傷を直接修復できた症例について報告し，静脈損傷に対する治療方針について考察した。患者は50歳代の女性。軽自動車助手席乗車中に電柱に衝突し，当院救急外来へ搬送された。受診時の造影CTで右腎静脈の引き抜き損傷を疑う所見を認めた。第1病日にダメージコントロール目的で，モリソン窩および小腸腸間膜損傷部にガーゼパッキングを行った。第2病日，循環動態が不安定な状態が続いたため，血管造影を行ったところ下大静脈と右腎静脈が分岐する周辺の下大静脈損傷が疑われた。腹腔内にガーゼパッキングを追加したものの，循環維持が難しく，外科的止血術を行う方針とした。まず右腎動脈塞栓術と下大静脈の右腎静脈分岐部頭側および尾側に大動脈遮断バルーン，左腎動脈に動脈閉塞バルーンカテーテルを留置した。各バルーンを膨らませて下大静脈の血流を減少させ，良好な視野を確保したうえで下大静脈損傷部位を縫合した。その後は集中治療と外科的処置を要したが，第62病日軽快退院できた。
Application of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion in Clinical Liver Imaging: A Literature Review
Authors: Wang Qi , Yu Guanghui , Qiu Jianfeng , Lu Weizhao 
Published: November 2023

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling is a widely used double‐exponential model for describing diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) signal, with a slow component related to pure molecular diffusion and a fast component associated with microcirculatory perfusion, which compensates for the limitations of traditional DWI. IVIM is a noninvasive technique for obtaining liver pathological information and characterizing liver lesions, and has potential applications in the initial diagnosis and treatment monitoring of liver diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that IVIM‐derived parameters are useful for evaluating liver lesions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and liver tumors. However, the results are not stable. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the current applications of IVIM in liver disease research, identify existing shortcomings, and point out the future development direction. In this review, we searched for studies related to hepatic IVIM‐DWI applications over the past two decades in the PubMed database. We first introduce the fundamental principles and influential factors of IVIM, and then discuss its application in NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and focal hepatic lesions. It has been found that IVIM is still unstable in ensuring the robustness and reproducibility of measurements in the assessment of liver fibrosis grade and liver tumors differentiation, due to inconsistent and substantial overlap in the range of IVIM‐derived parameters for different fibrotic stages. In the end, the future direction of IVIM‐DWI in the assessment of liver diseases is discussed, emphasizing the need for further research on the stability of IVIM‐derived parameters, particularly perfusion‐related parameters, in order to promote the clinical practice of IVIM‐DWI.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 3
Voice Change After Adenotonsillectomy in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Sz‐Ting , Kang Kun‐Tai , Chang Chi‐Fen , Lin Ming‐Tzer , Hsu Wei‐Chung 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAdenotonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on children. Caregivers are often concerned about voice change after the procedure, and such concerns remain unsettled. This meta‐analysis analyzed voice change in children after adenotonsillectomy.Data SourcesThe PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases.Review MethodsThe study protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Two authors independently searched for articles using keywords “adenoidectomy,” “tonsillectomy, “voice,” “nasalance,”and “speech.” English articles specifying voice changes after adenotonsillectomy were pooled with standardized mean difference (SMD) using random‐effects model. Evaluation methods were computerized acoustic voice analysis, aerodynamic analysis, nasometer, rhinomanometry, evaluations from a speech‐language pathologist or otolaryngologist, and a caregiver assessment questionnaire.ResultsTwenty‐three studies with 2154 children were analyzed (mean age: 8.0 y; 58% boys; mean sample size: 94 children). Due to insufficient data for other outcome variables, this meta‐analysis only summarized changes in the computerized acoustic voice analysis 1 month and 3 months after surgery. The computerized acoustic analysis revealed significant changes in jitter (SMD = −0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.60 to −0.11), shimmer (SMD = −0.34; 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.11), and soft phonation index (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.15) at 1 month after surgery. Parameters including fundamental frequency, jitter, noise‐to‐harmonics ratio, and shimmer were not significantly changed at 3 months after surgery.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis observed small improvements in jitter, shimmer, and soft phonation index 1 month after surgery. No significant effects were observed in voice outcomes 3 months after surgery. Laryngoscope, 134:2538–2550, 2024