bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Variations of Surface runoff of Saroor Nagar Urban Watershed of Telangana Using Geospatial and Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Vaddiraju Shiva Chandra , Talari Reshma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hydrological modelling is an effective tool for predicting the hydrological response of a watershed to develop strategies for efficient water management. The overarching goal of this study was to simulate rainfall-runoff processes in the Saroor Nagar urban watershed, Telangana, for the years 2008, 2014, 2020, and 2026 using geospatial and deep learning techniques. The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps of 2008, 2014, and 2020 are generated using the Support Vector Machine(SVM) algorithm, and a Cellular-Automata-based artificial neural network model is used to simulate the LULC for the year 2026. Daily rainfall in 2026 is forecasted using the Long- Short Term Memory (LSTM) technique using univariate daily rainfall data from twenty-two years from 2000–2022. The HEC-HMS model is used to simulate the rainfall-runoff process. The infiltration loss, the conversion of the excess rainfall into surface runoff, and the flow routing of the channel reach were all modelled using the SCS-Curve Number method, the SCS unit hydrograph method, and the Muskingum routing method. As the watershed is ungauged, the calibration and validation of the proposed model are performed by considering the discharge data of the Hussain Sagar catchment using the method of regionalization. The performance of the model is evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). The study revealed that the built-up area increased by 55.18% at the cost of vegetation and barren land during 2008–2020, and the waterbodies have by 29% during 2008–2020 due to the removal of encroachments and measures taken by the Government of Telangana to protect lakes. The vegetation layer has increased by a marginal 6%, whereas barren land has decreased drastically by 75.8%. The future LULC of 2026, simulated using the CA-ANN technique, revealed that the built-up area is expected to increase further by 17.4% at the cost of other LULC classes. The waterbodies are expected to decrease by 8.3%, the vegetation by 17.7%, and the barren land is expected to reduce to 1.25%. The annual rainfall in 2026 is expected to be 1484mm. The analysis of the HEC-HMS model reveals that the simulated peak discharge increased from 44.4 m3/s to 57.1 m3/s during 2008–2020 and is expected to increase to 66.1 m3/s in the year 2026. During calibration, R2 was 0.88 and NSE was 0.75, and during validation, the R2 values were 0.83 and 0.89, respectively. The study's findings clearly demonstrate the proposed model's ability to adequately simulate stream flow in the basin and can be taken as an input for judicious use of water resources in the watershed.
Heavy Metal Pollution in Street Dust: A Comprehensive Study on Risk Assessment and Source Identification in a Highly Industrialized Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Md. Hasibur , Rahman Md. Alinur , Khanam Rahamoni , Ahmed Minhaz , Islam Md. Sayedul , Akteruzzaman Md. , Rabbi Fahim Muntasir , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Asharof Sohely , Hasan Nahid , Jahan Towhida , Chowdhury Pragga , Debnath Partha Chandra , Das Tusar Kumar , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The study is intended to report the level of heavy metals (HMs) contamination, their potential source, and their impacts by analyzing street dust (SD) samples collected from thirty distinct sampling locations in Narayanganj Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh. The results suggest that the average concentrations of Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) were 317.25 ± 62.25, 247.86 ± 25.76, 53.26 ± 16.76, 3.53 ± 2.03, 56.35 ± 31.76, 443.94 ± 6.48, 227.18 ± 33.86, 101.74 ± 3.79, 4842 ± 203.90, and 79.46 ± 1.70 mg kg− 1, respectively. Both Cr and Cu levels were over five and ten times higher than the background values, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) suggest that industrial activities and heavy traffic on the street could be the potential sources. Moreover, Cr, Cu, and Cd all exhibit 'very high’ contamination factors (CF), with corresponding enrichment factors (EF) categorized as 'significant', 'very high’, and 'high', respectively. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) found a moderately to strongly polluted category for Cu and a strong to extremely polluted category for Cd. Risk indices indicate that potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were notably higher for children compared to adults, with the primary mode of exposure being ingestion.
Combined effect of zinc and cadmium ions on nitrification performance during the biological nitrogen removal of livestock breeding wastewater
Authors: Wang Zhanpeng , Huang Jian , Zhang Hua , Luo Tao , He Chunhua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Zinc and cadmium ions are usually found in livestock breeding wastewater, and the mixed ions will have an impact on the biological nitrogen removal. Nitrification performance plays an important role in biological nitrogen removal. In order to investigate the combined effect of zinc and cadmium ions on nitrification performance and to reveal the interactions between zinc and cadmium ions, three concentration ratios of zinc and cadmium ions, as well as 18 different concentration gradients were designed with the direct equipartition ray and the dilution factor method. The effect of pollutants on the nitrification performance of biological nitrogen removal was analyzed by the nonlinear regression equation, and the concentration-addition model was conducted to probe into the relationship between the mixed pollutants and the nitrification performance. The results showed that the effect on nitrification performance increased significantly with the increase of reaction duration and pollutant concentration, which indicated that the effects are concentration-dependent and time-dependent. The concentration-addition model suggested that the interactions between zinc and cadmium ions with different concentration ratios were mainly antagonistic. However, the three concentration ratios of mixed pollutants have different interaction strengths, compared to the zinc and cadmium ions ratio of R1, the ratios of R2 and R3 are more antagonistic and have a greater impact on nitrification performance.
Prospective environmental mitigation potential of deploying waste-to-nutrition pathways
Authors: Javourez Ugo , Tiruta-Barna Ligia , Pizzol Massimo , Hamelin Lorie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transforming residual biomass into food and feed ingredients is increasingly promoted to mitigate the environmental impacts of food systems, but it remains unclear which, how and under which conditions implementing these strategies would effectively yield net impacts reduction. Here, the environmental performances of several waste-to-nutrition pathways and conventional waste management practices were assessed considering variability in process efficiencies, input composition and deployment contexts. The results show that stringent conditions such as the substitution of meat commodities, unconstrained availability of environmentally-efficient energy supplies, and substantial technological improvements are all required to secure the environmental benefits of waste-to-nutrition pathways compared to other waste valorization strategies. Yet, processing woody residues, manure and sludge into edible microbial biomass could become the best strategy to adopt if the environmental impacts of food systems keep exacerbating.
Evaluating Monkeypox Knowledge Among Jordanian Pharmacists and Pharmacy Students: Bridging the Knowledge Gap
Authors: Nassar Razan I. , Ahmad Alhareth , Fino Leen , Barakat Muna , Nassar Noor , Omar Amin M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The World Health Organization has declared Monkeypox a global public health emergency. The involvement of healthcare providers, such as pharmacists, plays a crucial role in disease control. Evaluating pharmacists' knowledge and their skills in diagnosing and managing monkeypox is crucial for developing effective response plans to control the disease.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess monkeypox knowledge among Jordanian pharmacists and pharmacy students, and their ability to diagnose and manage monkeypox cases. An extensive literature review was conducted to develop the first draft of the survey, which was subsequently assessed for face and content validity. The survey comprised three main sections addressing various topics of interest. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science.
Results
A total of 586 participants completed the survey, with a mean age of 24.94 years. The primary information source about monkeypox was published researches. The total knowledge scores (TK-score) ranged from − 5 to 17, with a mean of 6.37 while the symptoms knowledge scores (SK-score) ranged from − 5 to 9, with a mean of 2.71. A statistically significant difference in TK-score was observed between males and females (p-value = 0.025). The majority of the participants were not confident in their ability to diagnose (82.9%), or manage (79.9%) monkeypox cases. Approximately half of the participants believed that having COVID-19 increases the risk of experiencing serious symptoms from monkeypox. According to nearly half of participants, monkeypox is the potential next epidemic after COVID-19.
Conclusion
Study participants demonstrated higher knowledge concerning monkeypox virus symptoms, in contrast to their understanding of virus transmission modes and prevention. The findings revealed low levels of confidence among participants in diagnosing and managing monkeypox.
A neurological paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient affected by severe obesity: a case report
Authors: Caldarelli Mario , SPUNTARELLI VALERIO , Mingrone Geltrude , GASBARRINI ANTONIO , Capristo Esmeralda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Obese women experience a greater occurrence of tumors that impact the reproductive system, frequently leading to delayed diagnosis because of postponed access to medical care and unconventional manifestations.
Case presentation: A 52-year-old woman was hospitalized due to an unexplained fever. After ruling out the typical reasons for fever, our patient experienced an episode of metrorrhagia she attributed to her regular menstrual cycle. Further assessments, including measurements of FSH and LH levels, as well as subsequent diagnostic imaging, revealed the existence of an abnormal growth mass affecting the uterus.
Conclusion: The objective of our paper is to emphasize the significance of exploring paraneoplastic signs and symptoms in this kind of subjects, enabling prompt diagnosis and the subsequent establishment of an appropriate therapeutic approach.
Co-Creation and Evaluation of Online Care Maps for Children with Medical Complexity
Authors: Adams Sherri , Dharmaraj Blossom G. , Beatty Madison , Clara Moore , Desai Arti D. , Bartlett Leah , Erin Culbert , Cohen Eyal , Stinson Jennifer N. , Orkin Julia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Care maps are a caregiver-created diagrammatic tool to support the care of children with medical complexity (CMC). They provide a high-level overview of care, allowing the care team to appreciate the interrelatedness of medical and non-medical aspects of care. Limitations currently exist for the usability, shareability, and integration of care maps into clinical care as they are typically paper-based and caregiver held. Therefore, the aims of the study were to 1) collaborate with caregivers and care team members (CTMs) of CMC to determine the design requirements of an online care map, and 2) explore its usability and feasibility from multiple perspectives.Methods This mixed methods study utilized an explanatory sequential design. In Phase 1 (Design and Development), the design features for an online care map were identified through semi-structured interviews with caregivers and CTMs. An online care map creation tool, housed within an online patient-facing platform, was created. In Phase 2 (Feasibility Testing), caregivers created, updated, and shared online care maps with CTMs. A usage survey and descriptive visual content analysis of the care maps was completed. Semi-structured interviews with caregivers and CTMs were conducted to explore the usability and feasibility of the online care maps.Results In Phase 1, interviews were conducted with caregivers (n = 16) and CTMs (n = 16). Three primary themes related to the design requirements were identified: 1) useful features, 2) suggestions, and 3) future use. In Phase 2, thirty-six caregivers registered on the online platform, with 70% (n = 25) creating a care map. Semi-structured interview data with caregivers (n = 15) and CTMs (n = 13) generated four primary themes: 1) clinical usage, 2) benefits, 3) challenges, and 4) suggestions to improve usability.Conclusion The development of a co-designed online care map tool was shown to be usable and feasible. Caregivers expressed how the care maps provided a holistic picture of their child and CTM’s described an enhanced ability to provide clinical care as it provided information that could have great impact on care decisions. Caregivers and CTMs desired that it be accessible in the EMR for easy distribution and access. Opportunities exist to explore integration into mainstream electronic medical records and pathways for care.
Observation of a subretinal tumor-like lesion in a patient with polypoidal choroid vasculopathy
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Zhang Xi , Luo Yingyue , Wang Xian , Li Yingqi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose: To report a patient with a subretinal tumor-like lesion observed during vitrectomy for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).
Observation: A 56-year-old Chinese male was referred to our department for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage in his left eye. During vitrectomy, a massive tumor-like lesion located at the inferotemporal fundus was observed. Histological examination excluded its malignancy and multimodal imaging confirmed the diagnosis of PCV. Medication was delivered topically and systemically to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) after surgery. The patient was treated by a single intravitreal injection of aflibercept, showing anatomical and functional improvement.
Conclusions and Importance: The case documents an uncommon manifestation of PCV. Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment are essential for visual recovery.
GWAS combined with QTL mapping reveals the genetic loci of leaf morphological traits in Cigar tobacco
Authors: Ji Yan , Liu Guoxiang , Yan Sifan , Jiang Xun , Wu Mengting , Liu Wei , Li Yuan , Yang Aiguo , Dai Peigang , Du Shuaibin , Li Yangyang , Wang Jun , Zhang Xingwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important commercial crop. Cigar tobacco plants, which are derived from the same species, possess special leaf characteristics consistent with its industrial usage, including leaf flatness, leaf thickness, lateral vein diameter and leaf vein angle. Exploring the key QTLs determining the quality of cigar leaves and ultimately applying them to the molecular breeding of cigars are therefore highly important.
Results
In this study, GWAS and QTL mapping were simultaneously performed using a natural population containing 185 accessions collected worldwide and an F2 population consisting of 240 individuals, respectively. A total of 26 QTLs related to leaf morphological traits were mapped in the F2 population at three different developmental stages, and some QTL intervals were repeatedly detected for different traits and at different developmental stages. Among the 206 significant SNPs identified in the natural population, several associated with the leaf thickness phenotype were co-mapped via both GWAS and QTL mapping. By analysing linkage disequilibrium and transcriptome data from different tissues combined with gene functional annotations, 7 genes from the co-mapped region were identified as the causal genes associated with leaf thickness traits.
Conclusions
These results presented a valuable cigar resource showing the genetic diversity regarding its leaf morphological traits at different developmental stages. It also provides valuable information for novel genes and molecular markers that will be useful for further functional verification and for molecular breeding of cigars as well as other crops in the future.
Heterogeneously deacetylated chitosans possess an unexpected regular pattern favoring acetylation at every third position
Authors: Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Hellmann Margareta J. , Gillet Dominique , Trombotto Stéphane , Raetz Sonja , Cord-Landwehr Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Chitosans are promising natural polymers with diverse industrial, medical and agricultural applications, but their properties and bioactivities depend on their structural characteristics, including their pattern of acetylation (PA). Chitosans produced by homogeneous deacetylation or chemical N-acetylation are assumed to have a random PA, but almost all commercially available chitosans are heterogeneously deacetylated, and whether they possess a random or block-wise PA has been the subject of a decades-long debate. Here we used a novel combination of analytical tools to address this unanswered question and found that both assumptions are wrong. Our combination of in vitro experiments and in silico modeling surprisingly revealed a more regular PA in heterogeneously deacetylated chitosans, with acetylated units overrepresented at every third position in the polymer chain. This unanticipated regular PA increases the elicitation activity of chitosans in plants compared to a random PA, and also generates different product profiles and distributions in enzymatic and acid hydrolysates. A regular PA may be beneficial for some applications but detrimental for others. Researchers in academia and in industries that use chitosans should therefore be aware that today’s commercial chitosans differ fundamentally from enzymatically produced natural chitosans and niche products produced by homogeneous deacetylation or N-acetylation.
A study on the correlation between ocular biometric parameters and myopia in children and adolescents: a large-scale population-based study in Chengdu, China
Authors: Duan Junguo , Li Shi-Ming , He Mingguang , Xiao Jianqiang , Mu Jingyu , Han Xiaotong , Jing Wei , Nie Yingying , Zhang Youruo , Mi Qiulin , Liu Chunmeng , Geng Haoming , Peng Tianli , Wang Ningli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:To investigate the characteristics and correlation of myopia and ocular biometric parameters among students in Chengdu.
DESIGN:This cross-sectional analysis of the Chengdu included students between the ages of 3 and 18 years (n = 509 530).
METHODS:Myopia, defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.50 D and UCVA > 0.3 logMAR for participants aged 3 years, SE ≤ -0.50 D and UCVA > 0.2 logMAR for those aged 4-5 years, SE ≤ -0.50 D and UCVA > 0 logMAR for those aged ≥6 years. All participants received non-cycloplegic autorefraction,uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and ocular biometric parameters. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and myopia.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of myopia was 40.9% (95% CI: 40.77- 41.04% ). SE had strong correlations with axial length(AL), AL/CR ratio, and vitreous chamber depth, moderate correlations with lens thickness(LT) and anterior chamber depth, and weak correlations with keratometry and central corneal thicknesss ( P< 0.001). The slopes of changes in AL and LT were highly consistent between myopic and non-myopic children aged 3-6 years. However, between 6-9 years of age, myopic children exhibited faster AL increase and greater LT thinning than non-myopic children (P < 0.001) with age. After 9 years of age, changes in both AL and LT gradually stabilized.
CONCLUSIONS:In children aged 6-9 years, a rapid increase of AL has occurred and accompanied by compensation from LT to maintain emmetropization, which gradually diminishes after age 9, suggesting that AL and LT are essential indicators for myopia control in children.
RETRACTED: Fluorinated Chitosan Mediated Transepithelial Delivery of Sanguinarine-Loaded Platinum (IV) Prodrug for Intravesical Instillation Therapy of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Lei Qifang , Hu Xinzi , Li Guangzhi , Kong Chenfan , Deng Dashi , Xin Guizhong , Wu Song 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Igniting interest in insight
Authors: Yanagisawa Hideyoshi , Ueda Kazutaka , Wu Xiaoxiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In generating novel ideas during the creative process of insight, what ignites positive emotions like “Aha” experiences of interest? This study explored this by validating the biological plausibility of a mathematical model predicting emotions when shifting perspectives to recognize alternate information regarding an event. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed brain activity as participants watched card magic videos with experimentally varied ease of information recognition. Results indicated that when shifting from certain to uncertain belief-based recognition, subjective interest arises if the new recognition is distant from the prior certain belief but close to the subsequent uncertain belief, accompanied by brain activations related to positive emotions. These suggest that interest emerges when deviating from conventional ideas towards unexpected yet easily comprehensible new ones, providing strategic insights for ideation.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in mortality of cancer patients in Brazil
Authors: Cunha Amanda Ramos da , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality from all types and the five most common types of cancer in Brazil and investigate the relationship between the density of hospital beds and mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients in Brazil’s Intermediate Geographic Regions (RGIs).
Methods
The Brazilian Mortality Information System provided data on the deaths from trachea, bronchus, and lung, colorectal, stomach, female breast, and prostate cancer and all types of cancer, and from COVID-19 in individuals who had cancer as a contributing cause of death. Death rates from the pandemic years (2020–2022) were compared to pre-pandemic ones. An association analysis, through multivariate linear regression, was carried out between mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients, the rate of hospital beds per 100,000 inhabitants, and the Human Development Index of the 133 RGIs of Brazil. Results: In 2022, mortality from all cancers was higher than in 2019 (3.0%), as well as the mortality from colorectal (8.5%), female breast (5.2%), and prostate cancer (2.2%). Mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients, which reached its peak in 2021 (6.0/100,000), was negatively associated with the density of hospital beds in the public health system. Conclusions: This study suggests an increase in mortality from cancer, especially the treatable ones, in 2022 as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the burden that the new disease imposed on health services. Also, the findings suggest a protective role of the availability of hospital care concerning deaths due to COVID-19 in cancer patients.