bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Mode Conversion of Photodetector and Neuromorphic Vision Sensor via Bias Voltage Regulation on a Single Device
Authors: Feng Siyu , Li Jiangxu , Feng Lizhi , Liu Zitong , Wang Junchao , Cui Cong , Zhou Ouxiang , Deng Lijie , Xu Hanning , Leng Bing , Chen Xing‐Qiu , Jiang Xin , Liu Baodan , Zhang Xinglai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSimultaneous implementation of photodetector and neuromorphic vision sensor (NVS) on a single device faces a great challenge, due to the inherent speed discrepancy in their photoresponse characteristics. In this work, a trench‐bridged GaN/Ga2O3/GaN back‐to‐back double heterojunction array device is fabricated to enable the advanced functionalities of both devices on a single device. Interestingly, the device shows fast photoresponse and persistent photoconductivity behavior at low and high voltages, respectively, through the modulation of oxygen vacancy ionization and de‐ionization processes in Ga2O3. Consequently, the role of the optoelectronic device can be altered between the photodetector and NVS by simply adjusting the magnitude of bias voltage. As a photodetector, the device is able to realize fast optical imaging and optical communication functions. On the other hand, the device exhibits outstanding image sensing, image memory, and neuromorphic visual pre‐processing as an NVS. The utilization of NVS for image pre‐processing leads to a noticeable enhancement in both recognition accuracy and efficiency. The results presented in this work not only offer a new avenue to obtain complex functionality on a single optoelectronic device but also provide opportunities to implement advanced robotic vision systems and neuromorphic computing.
Quantifying winter survival of alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.)]
Authors: Poudel Kabita , Sheaffer Craig , Jungers Jacob M. , Weihs Brandon J. , Lamb JoAnn F. S. , Bauder Sarah , Picasso Valentin , Heuschele Jo , Xu Zhanyou 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWinter injury of alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.)] in the northern United States decreases its economic and ecosystem benefits. Therefore, continued improvement in alfalfa cultivar winter survival (WS) is crucial for sustaining the productivity of this perennial crop. The North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference (NAAIC) standard test for WS recommends measuring the WS of spaced plants established in rows the previous spring. Measurement of WS of alfalfa grown in sward plots used by plant breeders would increase data collection and better reflect the potential for WS when grown in production fields. We conducted trials at seven location‐year environments spanning from Wisconsin to South Dakota in the northern United States. These trials involved six check cultivars and followed protocols from the NAAIC standard test. The objectives were to determine (1) if WS and biomass yield assessment from sward plots were similar to those from the standard spaced planted row ratings and (2) if location‐dependent environmental conditions affected the usefulness of alternative approaches for measuring WS. Estimation of WS using spaced plants and sward measurements was highly correlated, while correlations between the WS of the spaced planted rows and biomass yields were less. The number of locations required for spaced and sward plantings to determine cultivar differences was at least two, with four replications per location. Measuring WS from swards can enhance data collection and its relevance to on‐farm alfalfa production, as sward plots serve a dual purpose by allowing both WS testing and evaluation of yield, making them a practical choice in comparison to the exclusive use of spaced plants in rows for WS testing. Availability of sward‐plot WS descriptions of alfalfa cultivars will enhance decision making by producers.
Predictors of persistent disease in biologic treated type 2 diffuse/eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing surgery
Authors: Png Lu Hui , Kalish Larry , Campbell Raewyn G. , Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Albrecht Tobias , Raji Nelufer , Choy Christine , Rimmer Janet , Earls Peter , Sacks Raymond , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiologic therapy targeting type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has greatly improved disease control but nonresponders exist in a proportion of patients in phase 3 trials and clinical practice. This study explores the serum and histologic changes in biologic treated CRSwNP that predict disease control.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed of patients with CRSwNP on biologics for their asthma, who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery while on biologic therapy. At the 6‐month postoperative assessment, patients with poorly controlled CRSwNP while on biologic therapy were compared to patients who were controlled. Blood and mucosal samples taken at the time of surgery 6 months prior were assessed to predict disease control.ResultsA total of 37 patients were included (age 47.8 ± 12.4 years, 43.2% female). Those with poorly controlled disease had reduced tissue eosinophils (% >100 cells/high‐powered field: 8.3% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001) and increased serum neutrophils (5.2 ± 2.7 vs. 3.7 ± 1.1 × 109 cells/L, p = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that reduced tissue eosinophil was predictive for poorly controlled disease (OR = 0.21, 95% CI [0.05, 0.83], p = 0.03). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis showed that need for rescue systemic corticosteroid was predicted at a serum neutrophil cut‐off level of 5.75 × 109 cells/L (sensitivity = 80.0%, specificity = 96.9%, AUC = 0.938, p = 0.002).ConclusionLow tissue eosinophils and increased serum neutrophils while on biologics predict for poor response in the biological treatment of with CRSwNP. A serum neutrophil level of ≥5.75 × 109 cells/L predicts for poor response to current biologic therapy.
Unusual Thermal Quenching of Photoluminescence from an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid [MnBr4]2−‐based Halide Mediated by Crystalline–Crystalline Phase Transition
Authors: Lun Meng‐Meng , Ni Hao‐Fei , Zhang Zhi‐Xu , Li Jun‐Yi , Jia Qiang‐Qiang , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yujian , Fu Da‐Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ability to generate and manipulate photoluminescence (PL) behavior has been of primary importance for applications in information security. Excavating novel optical effects to create more possibilities for information encoding has become a continuous challenge. Herein, we present an unprecedented PL temporary quenching that highly couples with thermodynamic phase transition in a hybrid crystal (DMML)2MnBr4 (DMML=N,N‐dimethylmorpholinium). Such unusual PL behavior originates from the anomalous variation of [MnBr4]2− tetrahedrons that leads to non‐radiation recombination near the phase transition temperature of 340 K. Remarkably, the suitable detectable temperature, narrow response window, high sensitivity, and good cyclability of this PL temporary quenching will endow encryption applications with high concealment, operational flexibility, durability, and commercial popularization. Profited from these attributes, a fire‐new optical encryption model is devised to demonstrate high confidential information security. This unprecedented optical effect would provide new insights and paradigms for the development of luminescent materials to enlighten future information encryption.
High‐Throughput Experimentation and Machine Learning‐Assisted Optimization of Iridium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dimerization of Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Xu Yougen , Gao Yadong , Su Lebin , Wu Haiting , Tian Hao , Zeng Majian , Xu Chunqiu , Zhu Xinwei , Liao Kuangbiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA novel and convenient approach that combines high‐throughput experimentation (HTE) with machine learning (ML) technologies to achieve the first selective cross‐dimerization of sulfoxonium ylides via iridium catalysis is presented. A variety of valuable amide‐, ketone‐, ester‐, and N‐heterocycle‐substituted unsymmetricalE‐alkenes are synthesized in good yields with high stereoselectivities. This mild method avoids the use of diazo compounds and is characterized by simple operation, high step‐economy, and excellent chemoselectivity and functional group compatibility. The combined experimental and computational studies identify an amide‐sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene precursor. Furthermore, a comprehensive exploration of the reaction space is also performed (600 reactions) and a machine learning model for reaction yield prediction has been constructed.
Desymmetrization of Geminal Difluoromethylenes using a Palladium/Copper/Lithium Ternary System for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Acids
Authors: Luo Yicong , Ma Yuqi , Li Guanlin , Huo Xiaohong , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFluorinated amino acids and related peptides/proteins have been found widespread applications in pharmaceutical and agricultural compounds. However, strategies for introducing a C−F bond into amino acids in an enantioselective manner are still limited and no such asymmetric catalysis strategy has been reported. Herein, we have successfully developed a Pd/Cu/Li ternary system for stereodivergent synthesis of chiral fluorinated amino acids. This method involves a sequential desymmetrization of geminal difluoromethylenes and allylic substitution with amino acid Schiff bases via Pd/Li and Pd/Cu dual activation, respectively. A series of non‐natural amino acids bearing a chiral allylic/benzylic fluorine motif are easily synthesized in high yields with excellent regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr and >99 % ee). A density functional theory (DFT) study revealed the F−Cu interaction of the allylic substrate and the Cu catalyst significantly influence the stereoselectivity.
Alignment of Heptagonal Diimide and Triazine Enables Narrowband Pure‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Han Weiguo , Liu Junjie , Ran Chunhao , Huang Zhenmei , Gao Ge , You Jingsong , Bin Zhengyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe endeavor to develop high‐performance narrowband blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll‐off represents an attractive challenge. Herein, we introduce a hetero‐acceptor design strategy centered around the heptagonal diimide (BPI) building block to create an efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer. The alignment of a twisted BPI unit and a planar diphenyltriazine (TRZ) fragment imparts remarkable exciton dynamic properties to 26tCz‐TRZBPI, including a fast radiative decay rate (kR) of 1.0×107 s−1 and a swift reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) of 1.8×106 s−1, complemented by a slow non‐radiative decay rate (kNR) of 6.0×103 s−1. Consequently, 26tCz‐TRZBPI facilitates the fabrication of high‐performance narrowband pure‐blue TADF‐sensitized fluorescence OLEDs (TSF‐OLEDs) with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 24.3 % and low efficiency roll‐off even at a high brightness level of 10000 cd m−2 (EQE10000: 16.8 %). This showcases a record‐breaking external quantum efficiency at a high luminance level of 10000 cd m−2 for narrowband blue TSF‐OLEDs.
Catalytic Enantioselective Biltz Synthesis
Authors: Tian Di , Li Zhuo‐Chen , Sun Ze‐Hua , He Yu‐Ping , Xu Li‐Ping , Wu Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Biltz synthesis establishes straightforward access to 5,5‐disubstituted (thio)hydantoins by combining a 1,2‐diketone and a (thio)urea. Its appealing features include inherent atom and step economy together with the potential to generate structurally diverse products. However, control of the stereochemistry of this reaction has proven to be a daunting challenge. Herein, we describe the first example of enantioselective catalytic Biltz synthesis which affords more than 40 thiohydantoins with high stereo‐ and regio‐control, irrespective of the symmetry of thiourea structure. A one pot synthesis of corresponding hydantoins is also documented. Remarkably, experimental studies and DFT calculations establish the reaction pathway and origin of stereoselectivity.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of simplified tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs
Authors: Yang Yang , Gao Yi , Chen Siyu , Guo Ju , Hu Yanggen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA series of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were prepared and their antitumor activity was studied against several human carcinoma cell lines, including Ketr3, BEL‐7402, BGC‐823, KB, HCT‐8, MCF‐7, HeLa, A2780, A549, and HT‐1080. Compound 20, an analog of phthalascidin 650, exhibited good broad‐spectrum antitumor activity in vitro. However, compounds 19 and 21, in which the side chains at C‐22 are simplified, showed no obvious antitumor activity, indicating that the C‐22 side chain of this type of compound has a greater impact on its activity. The difference in the in vivo activity between compound 20 and phthalascidin 650 also shows a significant effect of the substituents on the skeleton structure on the in vivo activity.
Co(II) Acetate‐Assisted Direct Synthesis of Acyl Hydrazones from Acyl Hydrazides under Mild Conditions
Authors: Pal Adwitiya , Das Krishna Mohan , Sau Subham , Thakur Arunabha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcyl hydrazones are a class of synthetically important organic compounds that are recurrently in high demand for synthesis and use in various fields of chemistry and biology. We report the first Co(II) catalyzed one‐component one‐pot sustainable synthesis of acyl hydrazones only from acyl hydrazides under mild reaction conditions. Traditional and contemporary methodologies use two components (usually acyl hydrazides and aldehydes/ketones/alcohols/styrene) as the coupling partners. Our protocol, on the other hand, involves the in situ generation of aldehyde intermediate (detected by gas chromatography) from the acyl hydrazide, which then undergoes condensation with another molecule of the same acyl hydrazide in the same pot to yield acyl hydrazones in presence of mild base K2CO3 and low‐cost Co(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O as catalyst. This method shows good functional group tolerance with good to excellent yield of products. Furthermore, some of the resulting acyl hydrazones have been used as synthetic precursors and explored in various post‐synthetic modifications to afford N‐heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, photoswitchable properties of few synthesized acyl hydrazones are also explored using their E/Z isomerization around the C=N bond, as realized by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV‐vis spectroscopic studies.
Die Struktur des Kaliumnickelfluorids, K2NiF
Authors: Balz D. , Plieth K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie als Erstausscheidung beim Abkühlen von KF‐NiF2‐Schmelzen erhaltenen K2NiF4‐Einkristalle wurden röntgenographisch untersucht. Mittels der aus Drehkristall‐ und Weissenbergaufnahmen gewonnenen Intensitäten wurden die Atomlagen über Patterson‐ und Fouriersynthesen bestimmt. Die so erhaltene K2NiF4‐Struktur wird diskutiert. Da Analogien zu bekannten Strukturen von Verbindungen gleichen oder ähnlichen Formeltyps nicht gefunden werden konnten, wird angenommen, daß das K2NiF4 zusammen mit den isotypen Verbindungen K2MgF4, K2ZnF4 und Rb2ZnF4 einen noch nicht beschriebenen Gittertyp verkörpert. Orientierende Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Verbindungen Sr2MoO4, Sr2TiO4, Sr2MnO4 und Sr2FeO4 höchstwahrscheinlich ebenfalls im K2NiF4‐Gitter kristallisieren. Für die drei erstgenannten Sr‐Verbindungen werden vorläufige Werte der Gitterkonstanten angegeben. Abschließend wird auf allgemeine Beziehungen zwischen dem K2NiF4‐ und dem Perowskit‐Typ hingewiesen.
Biceps femoris accessory tendon tenodesis: A case report
Authors: Fong Scott , Wu Didi , Reed Lena , Cheng Samantha , Cantave Kyle , Chen Hanyu , McGahan Patrick , Chen James L. 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageWe present a case of lateral knee pain from snapping of an accessory tendinous insertion of the biceps femoris. After failure of conservative treatment options, tenodesis of the accessory band to the direct arm insertion at the posterolateral edge of the fibular head effectively resolved symptoms.AbstractThere are several distinct causes of lateral knee pain including IT band syndrome, meniscus tears, or other soft tissue pathologies; however, a few case reports have shown the biceps femoris as a cause of lateral knee pain and snapping. Conservative treatment is of modest benefit to the patient in these scenarios, and an MRI is not always able to identify the accessory band, as in our case. Intraoperatively, we discovered an accessory band of the biceps femoris attaching to the anterolateral tibia, causing pain and snapping during knee flexion as the band passed over the fibular head. There have been various surgical attempts to address this pathology; however, we report a successful outcome after tenodesis of the accessory band to the direct insertion at the posterolateral fibular head.
Living Self‐Assembly of Metastable and Stable Two‐Dimensional Platelets from a Single Small Molecule
Authors: Liao Chenglong , Gong Yanjun , Che Yanxue , Cui Linfeng , Liu Yangxin , Ji Hongwei , Zhang Yifan , Zang Ling , Zhao Jincai , Che Yanke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study reports the design of a donor‐acceptor (D‐A) molecule with two fluorene units on each side of a benzothiadiazole moiety, which allows multiple intermolecular interactions to compete with one another so as to induce the evolution of the metastable 2D platelets to the stable 2D platelets during the self‐assembly of the D‐A molecule. Importantly, the living seeded self‐assembly of metastable and stable 2D structures with precisely controlled sizes can be conveniently achieved using an appropriate supersaturated level of a solution of the D‐A molecule as the seeded growth medium that can temporarily hold the almost‐proceeding spontaneous nucleation from competing with the seeded growth. The stable 2D platelets with smaller area sizes exhibit higher sensitivity to gaseous dimethyl sulfide, illustrating that the novel living self‐assembly method provides more available functional structures with controlled sizes for practical applications. The key finding of this study is that the new living methodology is separated into two independent processes: the elaborate molecular design for various crystalline structures as seeds and the application of a supersaturated solution with appropriate levels as the growth medium to grow the uniform structures with controlled sizes; this would make convenient and possible the living seeded self‐assembly of rich 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures.
Hydrogenation of Terminal Alkenes Catalyzed by Air‐Stable Mn(I) Complexes Bearing an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based PCP Pincer Ligand
Authors: Zobernig Daniel P. , Luxner Michael , Stöger Berthold , Veiros Luis F. , Kirchner Karl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEfficient hydrogenations of terminal alkenes with molecular hydrogen catalyzed by well‐defined bench stable Mn(I) complexes containing an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐based PCP pincer ligand are described. These reactions are environmentally benign and atom economic, implementing an inexpensive, earth abundant non‐precious metal catalyst. A range of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes were efficiently converted into alkanes in good to excellent yields. The hydrogenation proceeds at 100 °C with catalyst loadings of 0.25–0.5 mol %, 2.5–5 mol % base (KOtBu) and a hydrogen pressure of 20 bar. Mechanistic insight into the catalytic reaction is provided by means of DFT calculations.
Dual‐Confined Bead‐Like CoSe2@NC@NCNFs Bifunctional Catalyst Boosting Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries†
Authors: Ding Kuixing , Hu Jiugang , Zhao Liming , Yu Huanan , Cai Shan , Yang Yi , Tan Jun , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive SummaryRationally developing efficient and durable bifunctional catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a bead‐like CoSe2@NC@NCNFs bifunctional catalyst was designed and fabricated by confining cubic CoSe2 nanoparticles to three‐dimensional (3D) porous MOFs‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) and one‐dimensional (1D) N‐doped carbon nanofibers (NCNFs) through a facile encapsulate strategy. The 1D/3D continuous network structure contributes to the improvement of specific surface area and electronic conductivity, while the strong synergistic effect between CoSe2 sites and Co‐Nx‐C sites can effectively enhance electron/mass transfer and reduce the diffusion resistance. The as‐constructed CoSe2@NC@NCNFs catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and stability toward ORR/OER with a high half‐wave potential of 0.80 V (vs. RHE) in ORR and a low overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 in OER. More encouragingly, the rechargeable ZABs with CoSe2@NC@NCNFs cathode deliver high peak power densities (126.8 mW·cm−2), large specific capacities (763.1 mA·h·g−1), and robust charge‐discharge cycling stability over 240 cycles. This study provides a facile strategy for designing efficient bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable energy conversion applications.
Electron energy levels determining cathode electrolyte interphase formation
Authors: Zhang Zhengfeng , Qin Changdong , Cheng Xiaopeng , Li Jinhui , Zhang Yuefei , Zhao Wengao , Wang Le , Du Yingge , Sui Manling , Yan Pengfei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) has a significant impact on the performance of rechargeable batteries and is gaining increasing attention. Understanding the fundamental and detailed CEI formation mechanism is of critical importance for battery chemistry. Herein, a diverse of characterization tools are utilized to comprehensively analyze the composition of the CEI layer as well as its formation mechanism by LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode. We reveal that CEI is mainly composed of the reduction products of electrolyte and it only parasitizes the degraded LCO surface which has transformed into a disordered spinel structure due to oxygen loss and lithium depletion. Based on the energy diagram and the chemical potential analysis, the CEI formation process has been well explained, and the proposed CEI formation mechanism is further experimentally validated. This work highlights that the CEI formation process is nearly identical to that of the anode‐electrolyte‐interphase, both of which are generated due to the electrolyte directly in contact with the low chemical potential electrode material. This work can deepen and refresh our understanding of CEI.
Engineering a sustainable protein revolution: Recent advances in cultured meat production
Authors: Roy Niladri Krishna , Panda Sandeep , Dey Gargi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEmerging as a food of the future, cultured meat is created by growing animal cells outside the organism instead of relying on traditional animal rearing and slaughtering practices. This innovative approach shows great promise in addressing challenges associated with resource utilization, environmental pollution, and public health concerns often encountered in conventional livestock production. In the past decade, popularity of cultured meat has grown enough to be considered as a novel food in regions like Europe, the United Kingdom, and China. This paper discusses the recent advancements in technologies for sustainable cultured meat production. It examines the latest developments in cell sources, cell culture media optimization, bioreactor design, 3D printing, and tissue engineering approaches, which have greatly enhanced the efficiency and scalability of cultured meat production. This food can have a tremendous application as a novel functional food. This review explores the future possibility of applying cultured meat matrix for delivery of hydrophobic nutraceuticals, prebiotics, and probiotics (Bacillus sp).