bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIGHT costimulates CD40 triggering and induces immunoglobulin secretion; a novel key partner in T cell‐dependent B cell terminal differentiation
Authors: Duhen Thomas , Pasero Christine , Mallet Françoise , Barbarat Bernadette , Olive Daniel , Costello Régis T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe T cell‐dependent differentiation and function of B lymphocytes are tightly regulated by TNF ligands (L) and receptors interactions, such as CD40/CD40L, CD27/CD70 and CD134/CD314L. The LIGHT/HVEM system [homologous to lymphotoxin, inducible expression, competing for GpD of herpes virus, that binds to the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), and is expressed on activated T lymphocytes) focused our attention since HVEM has a large distribution that, in addition to T cells, DC or NK, includes tumor and normal B lymphocytes. HVEM was expressed on memory and naive B cells from peripheral blood or tonsils, but not on germinal center (GC) B cells. Costimulation by CD40L+LIGHT induced LIGHT expression at the B lymphocyte surface by a transcriptional mechanism since we detected de novo expression of LIGHT‐specific mRNA. LIGHT expression was further enhanced by triggering of surface IgM, a stimulus that mimics a normal step of B cell physiology, i.e. specific antigen encounter. Stimulation by LIGHT increased the B cell proliferation induced by CD40L, and induced IgG and IgM (but not IgA) secretion. We conclude that LIGHT costimulation, that mimics the B cell encounter with activated LIGHT‐expressing T lymphocytes, enhances both B cell proliferation and Ig production, and thus has a central importance for humoral immunity development.
Collaborative planning for training impact
Authors: Kraiger Kurt , McLinden Daniel , Casper Wendy J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTraining and development continues to be a valued component in the modern management of human resources. Emerging research shows that investments in human capital, including training, are positively related to organizational performance. However, training professionals still express frustration at not being at the table. In this article, we review recent models and research on training from industrial/organizational psychology and provide new paradigms for planning evaluation and aligning training with business goals. Based on this evidence and personal experience, we offer four guidelines to aid training professionals in planning and evaluating training that demonstrates stronger linkages between training success and organizational performance.© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bridging the gap between I/O research and HR practice: Improving team composition, team training, and team task design
Authors: Hollenbeck John R. , DeRue D. Scott , Guzzo Rick 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article identifies a series of critical gaps between the scientific body of knowledge on team functioning and actual HR practice regarding teams. These gaps span across the areas of team composition, training, and task design. The article then discusses specific theoretical and methodological advancements from recent team research that address each knowledge gap. In other words, what does the scientific literature suggest about team composition, training, and task design, and how does the scientific knowledge compare to actual HR practice? The applied implications and implementation issues associated with each of these knowledge gaps are also discussed, using the scientific literature as a foundation for developing specific recommendations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydroxyapatite and gelatin composite foams processed via novel freeze‐drying and crosslinking for use as temporary hard tissue scaffolds
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Knowles Jonathan C. , Kim Hyoun‐Ee 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatin composites were fabricated in a foam type via a novel freeze‐drying and crosslinking technique. The morphological and mechanical properties of and in vitro cellular responses to the foams were investigated. The HA powder was added at up to 30 wt % into the gelatin solution, and the mixtures were freeze‐dried and further crosslinked. The pure gelatin foam had a well‐developed pore configuration with porosity and pore size of ∼90% and 400–500 μm, respectively. With HA addition, the porosity decreased and pore shape became more irregular. The HA particulates, in sizes of about 2–5 μm, were distributed within the gelatin network homogeneously and made the framework surface rougher. All the foams had high water absorption capacities, showing typical hydrogel characteristics, even though the HA addition decreased the degree of water absorption. The HA addition made the foam much stronger and stiffer (i.e., with increasing HA amount the foams sustained higher compressive stress and had higher elastic modulus in both dry and wet states). The osteoblast‐like human osteosarcoma cells spread and grew actively on all the foams. The cell proliferation rate, quantified indirectly on the cells cultured on Ti discs coated with gelatin and gelatin‐HA composites using MTT assay, exhibited an up‐regulation with gelatin coating compared with bare Ti substrate, but a slight decrease on the composite coatings. However, the alkaline phosphatase activities expressed by the cells cultured on composites foams as well as their coatings on Ti discs were significantly enhanced compared with those on pure gelatin foam and coating. These findings suggest that the gelatin‐HA composite foams have great potential for use as hard tissue regeneration scaffolds. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 136–145, 2005
Adduct‐forming tendencies of cationic triarylmethane dyes with proteins: Metabolic and toxicological implications
Authors: Tacal Özden , Özer Inci 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe formation of colorless adducts by four cationic triarylmethane dyes (TAM+s), methyl green (MeG+), malachite green (MG+), pararosaniline (PR+), and crystal violet (CV+) was studied spectrophotometrically at 25°C, in 50 mM 3‐(N‐morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer (pH 8), by monitoring the loss in TAM+ color in the absence and presence of human serum proteins as potential addends. Unfractionated serum caused a rapid bleaching of MeG+ and MG+, while PR+ and CV+ were unaffected. Sephacryl S200 HR chromatographic screening of the serum revealed two composite peaks of MeG+‐bleaching activity. The major peak (Mr range, 40,000–130,000) overlapped with and extended on either side of the albumin peak. The minor peak corresponding to ca. 10% of the total MeG+‐bleaching capacity had Mr > 230,000. MG+‐bleaching activity dominated the entire chromatographic profile and implicated a multitude of minority proteins with a high capacity to form colorless MG adducts. It is concluded that highly electrophilic TAM+s such as MeG+ and MG+ must be quantitatively trapped in the form of dye–protein adducts in biological fluids and that the primary in vivo effects (e.g. toxicity) of such dyes most likely arise from ligand‐type effects on multiple protein targets. Mechanisms that call for unmodified TAM+ structure (radical‐mediated redox changes, DNA intercalation) may be more relevant to the in vivo impact of dyes such as PR+ and CV+ that have a lower tendency to form adducts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:253–256, 2004 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20034
Coherent nano‐area electron diffraction
Authors: Zuo J.M. , Gao M. , Tao J. , Li B.Q. , Twesten R. , Petrov I. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe the new coherent nano‐area electron diffraction (NED) and its application for structure determination of individual nanostructures. The study is motivated by the challenge and the general lack of analytical techniques for characterizing nanometer‐sized, heterogeneous phases. We show that by focusing electrons on the focal plane of the pre‐objective lens using a 3rd condenser lens and a small condense aperture, it is possible to achieve a nanometer‐sized highly parallel illumination or probe. The high angular resolution of diffraction pattern from the parallel illumination allows over‐sampling and consequently the solution of phase problem based on the recently developed ab initio phase retrieval technique. From this, a high‐contrast and high‐resolution image can be reconstructed at resolution beyond the performance limit of the image‐forming objective lens. The significance of NED for nanostructure characterization will be exemplified by single‐wall carbon nanotubes and small metallic clusters. Imaging from diffraction patterns, or diffractive imaging, will be demonstrated using double‐wall carbon nanotubes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 64:347–355, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creating nanoscopic collagen matrices using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Jiang Fengzhi , Khairy Khaled , Poole Kate , Howard Jonathon , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe atomic force microscope (AFM) is introduced as a biomolecular manipulation machine capable of assembling biological molecules into well‐defined molecular structures. Native collagen molecules were mechanically directed into well‐defined, two‐dimensional templates exhibiting patterns with feature sizes ranging from a few nanometers to several hundreds of micrometers. The resulting nanostructured collagen matrices were only ∼3‐nm thick, exhibited an extreme mechanical stability, and maintained their properties over the time range of several months. Our results directly demonstrate the plasticity of biological assemblies and provide insight into the physical mechanisms by which biological structures may be organized by cells in vivo. These nanoscopic templates may serve as platforms on non‐biological surfaces to direct molecular and cellular processes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 64:435–440, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular ubiquitination and proteasomal functions positively modulate mammalian nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Wang Qi‐En , Wani Manzoor A. , Chen Jianming , Zhu Qianzheng , Wani Gulzar , El‐Mahdy Mohamed A. , Wani Altaf A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway is fundamental to synchronized continuation of many cellular processes, for example, cell‐cycle progression, stress response, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have shown that the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway functions in the regulation of nucleotide excision repair (NER) in yeast. In order to investigate the role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in the NER of mammalian cells, global genomic repair (GGR), and transcription‐coupled repair (TCR) were examined in a mouse ts20 cell line that harbors a temperature‐sensitive ubiquitin‐activating enzyme (E1). We found that E1 inactivation‐induced ubiquitination deficiency decreased both GGR and TCR, indicating that the ubiquitination system is involved in the optimization of entire NER machinery in mammalian cells. We specifically inhibited the function of 19S proteasome subunit by overexpressing 19S regulatory complex hSug1 or its mutant protein hSug1mk in repair competent human fibroblast, OSU‐2, cells and compared their capacity for NER. The results showed that 19S regulatory complex positively modulates NER in cells. In addition, we treated OSU‐2 cells with the inhibitors of 20S subunit function, MG132 and lactacystin, and demonstrated that the catalytic activity of 20S subunit is also required for efficient NER. Moreover, the UV‐induced recruitment of repair factor xeroderma pigmentosum protein C (XPC) to damage sites was negatively affected by treatment of repair competent cells with MG132. Taken together, we conclude that the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway has a positive regulatory role for optimal NER capacity in mammalian cells and appears to act through facilitating the recruitment of repair factors to DNA damage sites. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Essential spectrum in vibrations of thin shells in membrane approximation: propagation of singularities
Authors: Campbell Alain 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe spectral problem of thin elastic shells in membrane approximation does not satisfy the classical properties of compactness and so there exists an essential spectrum. In the first part, we propose to determine this spectrum and the weakness directions in the shell. We particularly study the case of homogeneous and isotropic shells with some examples. In the second part, we consider an elementary model problem to study the propagation of singularities and their reflections at the boundary of the domain. In the last, we study the problem of propagation for an isotropic cylindrical shell and we show that the equation of propagation does not depend on the Poisson coefficient. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracranial germinoma: On whole‐ventricular irradiation
Authors: Roberge David , Kun Larry E. , Freeman Carolyn R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundA current focus in the treatment of intracranial germinoma is on decreasing the volume of radiotherapy. We studied the theoretical impact of selecting different target volumes and treatment techniques.ProcedureRetrospectively, five cases of localized germinoma were identified. Treatment plans were produced for three target volumes: involved field plans (i.e., targeting only gross disease), whole brain plans, and plans of increasing complexity targeting the ventricles (lateral‐opposed, four‐field and intensity‐modulated (IMRT)). A second series of patients was processed similarly except that no involved field plans were produced.ResultsWhen target volumes were compared, normal structures were substantially spared by ventricular irradiation but maximally spared by involved field radiation. When treatment techniques were assessed for ventricular irradiation, the greatest gain in tissue sparing occurred when switching from two to four fields. This gain was at the higher doses levels at the expense of an increased volume of tissue irradiated to lower doses. IMRT plans always spared a small additional amount of normal brain. Whole ventricular plans were compared to similar plans excluding the fourth ventricle. Whole brain dose was only improved by 4–6% by excluding the fourth ventricle.ConclusionsThe substitution of whole‐ventricular irradiation for whole‐brain irradiation can spare a significant amount of normal tissue, thus providing a theoretical advantage with respect to the risk of late effects. Ventricular irradiation is best achieved with at least a four‐field 3D configuration, and optimally through an IMRT plan. Exclusion of the fourth ventricle in the target volume had only a minimal impact on normal tissue doses. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interfacial properties in commingled yarn thermoplastic composites. Part II: Influence on crack initiation and propagation
Authors: Lariviere D. , Krawczak P. , Tiberi C. , Lucas P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe second paper in this series aims to identify the relationship between fiber/matrix interface and cracking phenomena occurring in commingled yarn glass fiber/polypropylene (GF/PP) composites. For this purpose, different interfacial qualities were obtained by a modification of the fiber reinforcement sizing and the matrix coupling. In addition to transverse tensile stress‐strain relationships (Part 1 (17)), mode I interlaminar resistance relationships have been recorded while monitoring acoustic emissions. A mode I mechanical analysis points out the influences of the sizing on the mechanisms contributing to energy absorption, which are protection of fibers against break, creation of an interphase and control of adhesion at the glass fiber surface. Sizing appears as a key parameter governing crack initiation and propagation for these commingled thermoplastic composites. Owing to the relationship between global fiber/matrix adhesion and cracking mechanisms, mode I fracture mechanics is a powerful characterization technique of the interfacial quality of GF/PP composites. Polym. Compos. 25:589–600, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Elastomeric conductive composites based on conducting polymer–modified carbon black
Authors: Zucolotto V. , Avlyanov J. , Mattoso L. H. C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThermally stable elastomeric composites were prepared via melt processing from poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐b‐styrene) (SEBS) and conducting polymer‐modified carbon black (CPMCB) additives. CPMCB additives represent a novel thermally stable conductive compound made via “in‐situ” deposition of polyaniline or polypyrrole on carbon black particles. Incorporating CPMCB is advantageous to the melt processing of composites, as it reduces the melt viscosity in comparison to the use of pure carbon black. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) showed that the composites are thermally stable with no appreciable degradation at temperatures as high as 300°C. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the composites was found to be very stable at high temperatures. Polym. Compos. 25:617–621, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Determination and variation of three active diterpenoids inAndrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees
Authors: Pholphana Nanthanit , Rangkadilok Nuchanart , Thongnest Sanit , Ruchirawat Somsak , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Satayavivad Jutamaad 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSimple and rapid methods have been developed for the extraction and simultaneous determination of the three active diterpenoids, andrographolide (AP1), 14‐deoxy‐11,12‐didehydroandrographolide (AP3) and neoandro‐grapholide (AP4), from various samples ofAndrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees. Methanol extracts from the dried leaves, stems and crude products were analysed by isocratic HPLC using a methanol and water mobile phase with monitoring at 220 nm. There was a large variation of the three active diterpenoids in differentA. paniculataproducts obtained from Thai markets. The results indicated that the amounts of these active compounds consumed, based on the recommended daily doses, from materials obtained from the different suppliers will be different. In addition, the stability of these three active compounds was also examined in dry herbs stored at room temperature. The results showed that andrographolide was more stable than the others. In contrast, the content of 14‐deoxy‐11,12‐didehydroandrographolide increased and the neoandrographolide content ﬂuctuated during storage time. The combination of different levels of these compounds in the source materials and the changes during storage could have a signiﬁcant effect on the efﬁcacy of this traditional herbal medicine in clinical treatment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional study of hydrogen‐bonded acetonitrile–water complex
Authors: Chaudhari Ajay , Lee Shyi‐Long 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report the interaction of acetonitrile with one, two, and three water molecules using the Density Functional Theory method and the 6‐31+G* basis set. Different conformers were studied and the most stable conformer of acetonitrile–(water)n complex has total energies –209.1922504, –285.6224478, and –362.068728 hartrees with one, two, and three water molecules, respectively. The corresponding binding energy for these three structures is 4.52, 8.34, and 22.48 kcal/mol. The hydrogen‐bonding results in blue, blue, and redshift in CN stretching mode in acetonitrile with one, two, and three water molecules, respectively, whereas there was a redshift in OH symmetric stretching mode of water. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Hyperpolarizability density analysis of the enhancement of second hyperpolarizability of π‐conjugated oligomers by intermolecular interaction
Authors: Nakano Masayoshi , Kishi Ryohei , Nitta Tomoshige , Champagne Benoît , Botek Edith , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn a previous paper we found that the cofacial intermolecular π–π orbital interaction in stacking dimers significantly changes the longitudinal second hyperpolarizability (γ) of the isolated monomer. On the basis of this result, we investigate the longitudinal γ values of π‐conjugated main chains (CnHn+2, 6 ≤ n ≤ 16) interacting in both‐end regions with two small‐size cationic perturbing π‐conjugated molecules, that is, allyl cations (C3H). These interacting model systems exhibit remarkable enhancement of γ values as compared with those of isolated main chains in the whole chain‐length region. The γ density analysis reveals that this enhancement is described by the virtual charge transfer between both‐end perturbing molecules via the main chain. The analysis of orbital correlation diagram between the perturbing molecules and main chain molecule also clarifies that such feature of γ density distribution originates in the “weak intermolecular antibondinglike coupling” between the (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [LUMO], LUMO+1) of cationic perturbing molecules and (highest unoccupied molecular orbital [HOMO], HOMO−1) of main chain molecule. The current result suggests the possibility of novel nano‐size control of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties by adjusting the intermolecular orbital interactions between the main molecule and perturbing molecules. A possible control scheme of longitudinal γ for novel intermolecular interacting NLO systems using modified DNA wires is also proposed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Aerofoil characteristics from 3D CFD rotor computations
Authors: Johansen Jeppe , Sørensen Niels N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article describes a method for extracting aerofoil characteristics from 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) rotor computations. Based on the knowledge of the detailed flow in the rotor plane, the average sectional axial induction is determined for each wind speed. Based on this, the local angle of attack is determined when knowing the rotational speed and the local blade twist angle. The local aerofoil characteristics, i.e. Cl and Cd, are then computed from the forces acting on the blade. The extracted Cl and Cd are used in a standard blade element momentum (BEM) code, where no corrections are made for the rotational augmentation of forces or for the tip effect, since these are directly included in the aerofoil characteristics. Three stall‐regulated wind turbine rotors are used as test cases. The computed mechanical power is overpredicted at high wind speeds using steady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes computations, but using advanced turbulence models, e.g. detached eddy simulation, or a transition prediction model improves the computations. The agreement between the mechanical power (or low‐speed shaft torque) predicted by CFD and BEM is good, even though a small but consistent difference in induction prediction is present. With the proposed method and a sufficiently accurate CFD computation it is possible to obtain aerofoil characteristics from a given wind turbine design without using empirical stall corrections models. Alternatively, new correction models can be derived using the extracted aerofoil characteristics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D Navier–Stokes computations of a stall‐regulated wind turbine
Authors: Pape A. Le , Lecanu J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeveral 2D and 3D Navier–Stokes computations performed with the compressible elsA solver, developed at ONERA, on the wind turbine tested by NREL in the NASA Ames large wind tunnel are presented. After a brief description of the tools and methods used, the predictions of the S809 aerofoil performance are first discussed. Full 3D computations are then presented, analysed and compared with the experimental results. The successes and failures of the computations are highlighted and explained. The analysis focuses in particular on the 3D and unsteady effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.