bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer appropriate processing for prospective memory tests
Authors: Meier Beat , Graf Peter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTransfer appropriate processing (TAP) is the assumption that retrospective memory test performance reflects the overlap between study and test phase processing. In a task analysis, we identify a similar sequential‐type of processing overlap in prospective memory (ProM) situations. In addition, ProM test performance can also involve a concurrent overlap between processes engaged for an ongoing task and those required for recognizing relevant cues. A review of the ProM literature shows consistent TAP effects due to sequential processing overlap manipulations, but inconclusive findings for concurrent processing overlap manipulations. We examined the latter in a new experiment with young adult participants. The ongoing task required either semantic or perceptual processing of words, and the ProM task required either semantic or perceptual processing of words. Consistent with TAP, performance was higher when the ongoing task and the ProM task required the same kind of processing (i.e. semantic–semantic, perceptual–perceptual) rather than different kinds of processing (i.e. semantic–perceptual, perceptual–semantic). Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual week and actual week: Age‐related differences in prospective memory
Authors: Rendell Peter G. , Craik Fergus I. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSeveral previous studies have shown that whereas young adults perform better than older adults on prospective memory (PM) tasks in the laboratory, this superiority is often reversed in real‐life PM tasks. The present studies investigated this paradox by creating a laboratory task in the form of a board game (Virtual Week) that mimicked many features of daily living. It was hypothesized that older adults might use strategies derived from their more structured lives to outperform young adults on the board game. However, contrary to our prediction, it was found that younger adults were superior. In Experiment 2 we had participants perform very similar PM tasks in real life (Actual Week), and found that now the older adults were generally superior to their younger counterparts. Possible reasons are discussed for this striking age‐related difference between laboratory‐based and naturalistic PM tasks. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High prevalence of prospective memory impairment in the elderly and in early‐stage dementia: Findings from a population‐based study
Authors: Huppert Felicia A. , Johnson Tony , Nickson Judith 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRemembering to carry out intended actions is important for the effective performance of daily activities, but generally declines with age. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of prospective memory impairment in the elderly population, describe the age function and identify risk factors for impairment. An event‐based prospective memory test was administered to 11,956 participants aged 65 + in the screening stage of a population‐based study, the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS). Only 54% of the sample succeeded on the task. Logistic regression analysis showed that successful performance was strongly and linearly related to age, and that male gender, less education and lower social status substantially increased the risk of prospective memory impairment. There was a very high prevalence of prospective memory impairment in 388 individuals with very mild dementia, of whom only 8% succeeded on the task. These findings raise concerns about the well‐being and safety of many older people. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retrieval of performed versus to‐be‐performed tasks: A naturalistic study of the intention‐superiority effect in normal aging and dementia
Authors: Maylor Elizabeth A. , Darby Richard J. , Sala Sergio Della 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMaylor et al. (in press a) reported a long‐term intention‐superiority effect whereby young adults reported significantly more to‐be‐performed than performed tasks in a speeded written fluency task. Two experiments investigated whether this effect is also present in older adults and dementia patients. In Experiment 1, middle‐aged (n = 40) and older adults (n = 44) were given a minute to recall what they did in the last few days (performed tasks), and a minute to recall what they intended to do in the next few days (to‐be‐performed tasks). There was no intention‐superiority effect for the middle‐aged adults but there was a significant intention‐inferiority effect for the older adults. Verbal rather than written recall was used in Experiment 2 to compare young adults (n = 30), older adults (n = 19), and patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 22). There was an intention‐superiority effect for young adults, but not for older adults or dementia patients. The absence of an intention‐superiority effect may contribute to the decline in prospective memory performance seen in both normal aging and dementia. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Please, remind me…’: The role of others in prospective remembering
Authors: Schaefer Evelyn G. , Laing Michelle L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn a study examining the effects of reminding expectations on prospective remembering, participants were asked to perform three internally and three externally cued tasks following a 30‐minute filler activity. Experimental participants were informed that at the time for performance they were to: remind another (confederate) participant about the tasks; receive a reminder about the tasks from the confederate; or both. Control participants heard nothing about reminders. Those led to expect a reminder performed significantly fewer tasks than did those who were not, regardless of whether they were to provide a reminder. Those expecting to provide a reminder performed more tasks than did those who were not, but this difference was only marginally significant. In all conditions, significantly more externally cued than internally cued tasks were performed. Reminding expectations appear to have affected retention of the content of to‐be‐performed tasks, rather than retention of the intent to perform them. The results are discussed in terms of modifications to the activation levels of the to‐be‐performed activities and/or to participants' self‐reminding strategies as a function of reminding expectations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Event‐related neural activity associated with prospective remembering
Authors: West Robert , Herndo Ryan W. , Ross‐Munroe Keisha 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article reviews the findings of recent work investigating the neural correlates of prospective remembering conducted within the context of the noticing+search model using event‐related brain potentials (ERPs). The presentation of a PM cue was associated with a phasic negativity (N320)—whose topography may be modulated by the nature of the cue—and two sustained modulations of the ERPs. The first of these modulations reflected a parietal positivity–right frontal negativity that differentiated PM cue trials from ongoing activity trials independent of whether or not a prospective response was made. The second of these modulations reflected a frontal–central positivity that differentiated PM cue trials which elicited a prospective response from PM cue trials that failed to elicit a prospective response and ongoing activity trials. Together these findings indicate that successful prospective remembering arises from the activity of distinct neural processes that may support detection of the PM cue, recovery of the intention from memory, and the timely realization of the intention. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic and automatic processes in prospective memory retrieval: a multiprocess framework
Authors: McDaniel Mark A. , Einstein Gilles O. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractProspective memory situations involve forming intentions and then realizing those intentions at some appropriate time in the future. An interesting feature of most prospective remembering is that recollection of the intended action occurs without an explicit request to attempt retrieval, and we present two views on how this type of remembering can be accomplished. One could strategically monitor the environment for the presence of the target event, or one could rely on anticipated environmental conditions more or less automatically reinstating the intended action. We present data supporting both views and argue that people use multiple approaches for solving the problem of retrieving an intention (prospective memory) after a delay. Moreover, we suggest that the extent to which prospective remembering is supported by relatively automatic processes (versus strategic resource‐demanding monitoring) and the probability with which prospective memory is likely to be successful when relying on automatic processes varies as a function of the characteristics of the prospective memory task, target cue, ongoing task, and individual. We argue that the complexity of the empirical findings can best be understood by appealing to this multiprocess view of prospective memory. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curing of epoxides with O,O‐di‐t‐butyl phenylphosphonate as thermally latent initiator
Authors: Kim Moonsuk , Sanda Fumio , Endo Takeshi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) was examined with O,O‐di‐t‐butyl phenylphosphonate (BP) as an initiator in the presence of several Lewis acids, ammonium salts, and methyl cyanoacetate. BP served as an excellent thermally latent initiator in the polymerization of GPE in the presence of ZnCl2 and Zn(acac)2. Epikote 828 was cured with BP (5 mol %) in the presence of ZnCl2 at 150°C to afford the solvent‐insoluble gelled epoxy resin quantitatively, which was thermally more stable than was the one cured without ZnCl2. No curing took place at room temperature for 7 months. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2347–2351, 2001
Synthesis and characterization of a novel kind of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(urea‐ester)s based on bis(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐tolyene‐2,4‐diurea
Authors: Du Zhuwei , Qiu Teng , Zhou Qixiang , Wang Xiaogong , Liu Deshan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new diphenol monomer bis(4′‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐tolyene‐2,4‐diurea was synthesized by reaction of 2,4‐toylene diisocyanate with p‐aminophenol in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The product was characterized by elemental analysis (EA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 1H‐NMR. And a novel kind of liquid crystalline poly(urea‐ester)s were obtained by using this monomer. By using a polarizing microscope with hot stage (POM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (SAXD) the polymers were proven to be nematic liquid crystal. The result of DSC showed that the effect of the monomer composition on the melting point of poly(urea‐ester)s was significant. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 577–583, 2001
Charge distribution and crystalline structure in polyethylene nucleated with sorbitol
Authors: Li Xiang , Cao Yi , Du Qiangguo , Yin Yi , Tu Demin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe charge distribution in samples under direct current electrical field was measured by the pulsed electro‐acoustic method, which showed that the space charges were greatly decreased and field distribution tended to be uniform in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) by adding 0.3 wt % bis‐(p‐ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol. The crystalline structures of LDPE and LDPE/sorbitol were studied. The non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which showed that sorbitol increases crystallization temperature and crystallinity, but lowers the Avrami exponent of crystallization. The results of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and small‐angle light scattering (SALS) experiments show that the crystal form does not change, whereas the perfection of spherulites degrades in the presence of sorbitol. In addition to the obvious difference in crystalline morphology, observed by scanning electron microscopy, the spherulites in the LDPE/sorbitol sample are smaller in size and more in number than those of LDPE. It is well known that in semicrystalline polymers, impurities are expelled from crystalline regions into amorphous regions or interfaces of spherulites. The decrease of space charges can probably be attributed to the uniform distribution of impurities in the whole material, with smaller and imperfect spherulites. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 611–619, 2001
Characterizing the metabolic phenotype: A phenotype phase plane analysis
Authors: Edwards Jeremy S. , Ramakrishna Ramprasad , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGenome‐scale metabolic maps can be reconstructed from annotated genome sequence data, biochemical literature, bioinformatic analysis, and strain‐specific information. Flux‐balance analysis has been useful for qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolic reconstructions. In the past, FBA has typically been performed in one growth condition at a time, thus giving a limited view of the metabolic capabilities of a metabolic network. We have broadened the use of FBA to map the optimal metabolic flux distribution onto a single plane, which is defined by the availability of two key substrates. A finite number of qualitatively distinct patterns of metabolic pathway utilization were identified in this plane, dividing it into discrete phases. The characteristics of these distinct phases are interpreted using ratios of shadow prices in the form of isoclines. The isoclines can be used to classify the state of the metabolic network. This methodology gives rise to a “phase plane” analysis of the metabolic genotype–phenotype relation relevant for a range of growth conditions. Phenotype phase planes (PhPPs) were generated for Escherichia coli growth on two carbon sources (acetate and glucose) at all levels of oxygenation, and the resulting optimal metabolic phenotypes were studied. Supplementary information can be downloaded from our website (http://epicurus.che.udel.edu). © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 27–36, 2002.
A novel multi‐coaxial hollow fiber bioreactor for adherent cell types. Part 1: Hydrodynamic studies
Authors: Wolfe Stephen P. , Hsu Edward , Reid Lola M. , Macdonald Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA novel multi‐coaxial bioreactor for three‐dimensional cultures of adherent cell types, such as liver, is described. It is composed of four tubes of increasing diameter placed one inside the other, creating four spatially isolated compartments. Liver acinar structure and physiological parameters are mimicked by sandwiching cells in the space between the two innermost semi‐permeable tubes, or hollows fibers, and creating a radial flow of media from an outer compartment (ECC), through the cell mass compartment, and to an inner compartment (ICC). The outermost compartment is created by gas‐permeable tubing, and the housing is used to oxygenate the perfusion media to periportal levels in the ECC. Experiments were performed using distilled water to correlate the radial flow rate (Qr) with (1) the pressure drop (ΔP) between the media compartments that sandwich the cell compartment and (2) the pressure in the cell compartment (Pc). These results were compared with the theoretical profile calculated based on the hydraulic permeability of the two innermost fibers. Phase–contrast velocity‐encoded magnetic resonance imaging was used to visualize directly the axial velocities inside the bioreactor and confirm the assumptions of laminar flow and zero axial velocity at the boundaries of each compartment in the bioreactor. Axial flow rates were calculated from the magnetic resonance imaging results and were similar to the measured axial flow rates for the previously described experiments. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 83–90, 2002.
Acetoclastic methanogenic activity measurement by a titration bioassay
Authors: Rozzi Alberto , Castellazzi Luca , Speece Richard E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA titration bioassay, designed to accurately determine the activity of acetoclastic methanogens, is described that also allows evaluation of inhibition due to potential toxicants on the active biomass. The instrument is made of a pH‐stat connected to an anaerobic batch reactor. Acetate is blended and mixed with anaerobic sludge in the reactor where a 1:1 N2 and CO2 mixture is sparged at the beginning of each test. As the acetoclastic methanogens consume acetate, the pH increase, and the titration unit adds acetic acid and keeps the pH constant. The rate of titrant addition is directly proportional to the methanogenic activity. A very useful feature of the system is its potential to operate for long periods (days) at constant pH and substrate (acetate) concentration. The theoretical background and principle of operation are described as well as some of the practical problems encountered with the use of the instrument. Estimation of kinetic constants for an anaerobic culture according to the Michaelis–Menten model is presented. Examples of inhibition by inorganics (NaCl) and chlorinated solvents (chloroform) are also given. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 20–26, 2002.
Nondestructive near‐infrared spectroscopic measurement of multiple analytes in undiluted samples of serum‐based cell culture media
Authors: Rhiel Martin , Cohen Michael B. , Murhammer David W. , Arnold Mark A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn adaptive calibration procedure is used to build selective multivariate calibration models for the measurement of glucose, lactate, glutamine, and ammonia in undiluted serum‐based cell culture media. This adaptive procedure removes metabolism‐induced covariance between these analytes in a series of calibration samples collected during the cultivation of PC‐3 human prostate cancer cells. Partial least‐squares calibration models are generated from single‐beam near‐infrared (NIR) spectra collected over the 4800‐ to 4200‐cm−1 combination spectral range. Calibration models were generated with both the full spectral range and optimized spectral ranges. In both cases, the number of model factors was optimized and model validity was determined by comparing analyte concentrations predicted from a series of independent and unaltered samples that were obtained during a subsequent cultivation of the PC‐3 cells. Similar analytical performance was achieved with fewer model factors when the optimized spectral range was used. The lowest standard errors of prediction were 0.82, 0.94, 0.55, and 0.76 mM for glucose, lactate, glutamine, and ammonia, respectively. Different spectral ranges were optimal for each analyte and the optimized spectral range coincided with the distinguishing spectral features of the analyte. The results of this study demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy can be used effectively in the off‐line measurement of important nutrients (glucose and glutamine) and byproducts (lactate and ammonia) in a serum‐based animal cell culture medium. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 73–82, 2002.
Exploitation of a library of α‐galactosidases for the synthesis of building blocks for glycopolymers
Authors: Casali Monica , Tarantini Letizia , Riva Sergio , Hunkova Zdenka , Weignerova Lenka , Kren Vladimir 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAfter screening a library of fungal α‐galactosidases for the synthesis of functionalized alkyl α‐D‐galactopyranosides, four enzymes (isolated from Aspergillus terreus CCM55, Aspergillus commune CCM 2969, Penicillium vinaceum CCM 2384, or Penicillium brasilianum 2155) proved to be suitable for these biotransformations. The effect of different concentrations of alcohol on activity and stability of these enzymes was investigated. After optimization of the reaction conditions, three galactose derivatives (allyl, 2‐nitroethyl and 2‐(2′,2′,2′‐trifluoroacetamido)‐ethyl α‐D‐galactopyranoside, 1a, 3a, and 4a, respectively), suitable for subsequent chemical polymerization, were synthesized using either the “reverse hydrolysis” or the “transglycosylation” protocols. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77:105–110, 2002.
Regulation of cell cycle and productivity in NS0 cells by the over‐expression of p21CIP1
Authors: Watanabe Shikiko , Shuttleworth John , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have constructed NS0 myeloma cell lines that inducibly express the p21CIP1 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, using the Lacswitch system. Ectopic p21CIP1 protein expression was rapidly induced within 12 h of addition of IPTG, causing G1‐phase arrest and almost complete inhibition of cell proliferation. The production of a chimeric IgG4 antibody, expressed constitutively from an independent promoter, was found to be significantly increased by more than 4‐fold in p21CIP1‐arrested cells. This study demonstrates for the first time the successful construction of anchorage‐independent and proliferation‐controlled NS0 cell lines with enhanced secreted chimeric antibody production independent of the inducible promoter activity used to achieve cytostasis. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 1–7, 2002.
Characterization of null mutants of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenic enzymes in S. cerevisiae through metabolic network modeling verified by chemostat cultivation
Authors: Stückrath I. , Lange H. C. , Kötter P. , van Gulik W. M. , Entian K.‐D. , Heijnen J. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBiomass yields for several null mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were successfully predicted with a metabolic network model. Energetic parameters of the model were obtained from growth data in C‐limited aerobic chemostat cultures of the corresponding wild‐type strain, which exhibited a P/O ratio of 1.46, a non‐growth‐related maintenance of 56 mmol ATP/C‐mol biomass/h, and a growth‐related requirement of 655 mmol ATP/C‐mol biomass. Biomass yields and carbon uptake rates were modeled for different mutants incapacitated in their glyoxylate cycle and their gluconeogenesis. Biomass yields were calculated for different feed ratios of glucose to ethanol, and decreases for higher ethanol fractions were correctly predicted for mutants with deletions of the malate synthase, the isocitrate lyase, or the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The growth of the fructose‐ 1,6‐bisphosphatase deletion mutant was anticipated less accurate, but the tendency was modeled correctly. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 61–72, 2002.
Low‐protein medium affects the 293SF central metabolism during growth and infection with adenovirus
Authors: Nadeau I. , Gilbert P. A. , Jacob D. , Perrier M. , Kamen A 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this study the metabolism of 293SF cells grown in serum‐free and low‐protein medium was analyzed. This cell line is known for its ability to replicate recombinant adenovirus, mainly used in gene tzherapy applications. A complete model composed of the main glycolytic, glutaminolytic, and amino acids pathways, as well as the internalization fluxes of certain compounds into the mitochondria, is used for metabolic flux calculations. The pentose‐phosphate cycle is also added to the biochemical reactions set and was independently measured with labeled 14C‐glucose. Different feeding strategies in two different media were analyzed with the model, and the theoretical ATP production was also calculated. The two media were similar in their glucose and amino acid composition, but one contained BSA at 1g/L whereas the other had a very low protein content. Use of low‐protein medium resulted in up to fourfold higher adenoviral vector production. In this medium, glucose utilization was more efficient, as it entered the TCA cycle more efficiently. Also, lower glutamine and amino acids consumption were observed as well as lower lactate and ammonia production. This increased TCA activity led to a twofold higher ATP production in the low‐protein medium. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 91–104, 2002.