bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symphysiotomy as an alternative to cesarean section
Authors: van Roosmalen J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe author compares the value of symphysiotomy to cesarean section in the management of cephalopelvic disproportion. He outlines the history of the procedure and reviews the literature on the subject. He then presents results of 54 symphysiotomies performed from 1976 to 1983 in two rural hospitals in the southwestern highlands of Tanzania, together with the outcome of subsequent labor in 25 other women with a history of previous symphysiotomy. The risk of maternal mortality after symphysiotomy is lower than after cesarean section when performed for cephalopelvic disproportion. Although different in nature, maternal morbidity after both operations is equally common. In contrast with findings reported in the literature, a history of previous symphysiotomy still constitutes a high obstetrical risk. The author concludes that symphysiotomy has a place in the management of cephalopelvic disproportion.
Maternal mortality in the Maltese Islands
Authors: Savona‐Ventura C. , Grech E.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMaternal mortality statistics from the Maltese Islands since 1935 are reviewed to show that there has been a marked decrease in maternal mortality rates. This decrease is probably related to reductions in family size and improvements in the perinatal care of mothers. Hypertensive disease is now the most important cause of maternal mortality.
Assessment of the glucose tolerance test in unselected pregnancy using 75 g glucose load
Authors: Li D.F.H. , Wang Z.‐Q. , Wong V.C.W. , Ma H.K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 618 unselected pregnant Chinese women between 24 and 28 weeks gestation. The glucose response at fasting, 1, 2 and 3 h were studied. At 2 h the glucose level at 2‐standard deviation and 4‐standard deviation above the mean came very close to the criteria of abnormality suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO): 8.3 mmol/l vs. 8.0 mmol/l for impaired glucose tolerance and 10.8 mmol/l vs. 11.0 mmol/l for gestational diabetes mellitus. The area under the glucose response curve also correlates best with the glucose levels at 2 h during the OGTT (y = 2.1x + 4.6, r = 0.885). The 75‐g OGTT interpreted with the WHO criteria seems appropriate for pregnant Chinese women. The 75‐g test has the added advantages of reducing administration cost and discomfort of the patients.
Maternal mortality in Anambra State of Nigeria
Authors: Chukudebelu W.O. , Ozumba B.C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe maternal mortality rate (MMR) in 10 hospitals scattered all over Anambra State in a 5‐year period was studied. The hospitals covered urban, semi‐urban and rural areas. The MMR varied from 1.8 to 13 per thousand with a mean of 4.97 per thousand. The causes of and various factors influencing this high mortality rate are examined as well as the avoidable factors. Suggestions are made for its reduction based on accurate data collection, improved health facilities, improved socio‐economic status and basic education.
Primary hepatic pregnancy
Authors: Børlum K.‐G. , Blom R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAbdominal pregnancies are a small fraction of ectopic pregnancies. They usually implant on the peritoneal surface after partial disruption of the initial implantation site in the tubes. The pelvic cavity is the preferential site, but they have been reported from all over the peritoneal cavity. In the present case the pregnancy was situated on the surface of the right liver lobe. Abdominal pregnancies usually present with acute hemoperitoneum and the pre‐operative diagnosis is extremely difficult. The possible role of IUDs as an etiological factor is briefly discussed.
Outcome of cesarean section in twin pregnancy
Authors: Unuigbe J.A. , Orhue A.A.E. , Feyi‐Waboso P.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn an 8‐year period (January 1978 to December, 1985), the 17,379 deliveries at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) consisted of 2089 cesarean sections (12.0%), 56 of which were associated with twin pregnancy. The main indications for cesarean section on the twin pregnancies were antepartum hemorrhage (placenta previa), malpresentation, cervical dystocia and previous cesarean section. The maternal mortality rate was 2% for all twin mothers delivered by cesarean section. There was no statistical difference in perinatal mortality rates (PMR) for all twin deliveries, vaginal twin deliveries and deliveries by cesareans section which were 111,113 and 100 per 1000 births, respectively. In the case of a retained second twin, however, recorded PMR was significantly higher (133 per 1000 births). Consideration of more liberal recourse to cesarean section in all cases of twins may reduce these unacceptably high perinatal death rates in twin pregnancy.
Effect of human menopausal gonadotrophin on the non‐pregnant uterine response to intrauterine administration of prostaglandin E2
Authors: Toppozada M. , Ismail A.A.A. , Hussien M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effect of intrauterine instillation of 50 μg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the non‐pregnant human uterus was evaluated in 10 volunteers, before and after systemic administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG). The cases were either in the early proliferative (n = 5) or late secretory (n = 5) phases of the cycle. Before HMG administration, the uterus responded to local PGE2 by stimulation in all the cases. After HMG treatment, no response to PGE2 was detected in eight cases and a decrease in uterine tonus was observed in two cases. The implications of these findings in certain physiological and pathological conditions relating to reproduction are discussed.
Outcomes of twin pregnancies at the Hospital Central of Maputo: retrospective study of 315 consecutive twin deliveries, January 1–September 30, 1987
Authors: Bugalho A. , Strolego F. , Carlomagno G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBetween January 1 and September 30, 1987, 315 (3.53% of total deliveries) consecutive twin gestations were delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Hospital Central in Maputo Mozambique. There were 42 perinatal deaths (stillbirths + early neonatal deaths) among the 630 infants born (66.7 per 1000) and 21 early neonatal deaths among the 609 live‐born infants (34.5 per 1000). Early neonatal death frequency was higher among second twins than among first ones (50 per 1000 versus 19.7 per 1000), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Most of the second twin early neonatal deaths (11/15) were associated with a breech vaginal delivery of the first twin.
Induction of labor by oral prostaglandin E2 in protracted pregnancy
Authors: Ismail A.A.A. , El‐Din Khowesah M. Mohie , Shaala S.A. , Anwar M.Y. , Darwish E.A. , Haiba N.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractInduction of labor was performed in 20 pregnant females with postmaturity (> 294 days) using either oral PGE2 tablets (0.5 mg) or i.v. oxytocin drip (each group n = 10). The induction‐establishment interval was significantly shorter in the oxytocin group (P < 0.005). Moreover, the uterine activity (in Alexandria units) at 3 h post‐induction and at the end of the first stage of labor, was significantly higher with i.v. oxytocin (P < 0.005). However, the induction‐delivery interval did not differ in both groups. All cases delivered spontaneously with a satisfactory Apgar score.
Prostaglandin E2 induction of abortion and fetal demise
Authors: Wiley T.L. , Poole C.P. , Gookin K.S. , Wiser W.L. , Morrison J.C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppositories have been shown to be active contractile agents and are effective in uterine evacuation for mid‐trimester abortion or fetal demise. In this study, 85 patients were treated with vaginal PGE2 suppositories. When laminaria were used in patients with closed cervices, and compared to those who had minimal cervical dilatation, there was no difference in the time from induction to expulsion. Ninety‐three percent of the 85 patients aborted successfully within 24 h. In each of the seven “failures”, three or less suppositories were used prior to a dilatation and evacuation procedure. In this study, 81% of the abortions were complete, and in one‐third of the remaining patients dilatation and curettage was performed just after delivery of the fetus. The incidence of minor side‐effects ranged from 12 to 21%, and there were no major complications. It is concluded that the use of vaginal prostaglandin E2 suppositories for induction of mid‐trimester abortion or fetal demise in the third trimester is safe and effective.
Pregnancy in a non‐communication rudimentary uterine horn
Authors: Seoud M.A.‐F. , Khalil A.M. , Abdel‐Karim F.W. , Suidan J.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn is presented. The pregnancy ended in fetal demise at the end of the second trimester. The diagnosis was missed by ultrasonography on two occasions and was made only at laparotomy following failure to initiate uterine contractions. Histologic examination of the myometrium of the rudimentary horn revealed extensive interstitial fibrosis. A high index of suspicion of pregnancy in a rudimentary horn is recommended whenever adequate ecbolic infusions fail to induce myometrial contractions.
New technique for managing second trimester intrauterine fetal death
Authors: Malpani A. , Malpani A. , Krishna U. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this study, a new method for terminating second trimester pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal death is analysed. The technique consisted of a combination of extraamniotic ethacridine lactate with intramuscular sulprostone (16‐phenoxy‐ω‐17,18,19,20 tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide). Objective documentation of the efficacy of this method was obtained by continuous monitoring of intrauterine pressure in two patients. The method was found to be simple, safe, cheap and effective and deserves increased acceptance.
HIV antibody screening in a gynecology and obstetrics clinic Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Rota S. , Yildiz A. , Güner H. , Erdem M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn 416 pregnant women, admitted to our outpatient obstetric clinic for antenatal care between December 1987 and August 1988, HIV antibody assesments were performed by ELISA technique. No seropositive case was reported.
Effect of fetal sex and race on amniotic fluid lecithin concentration
Authors: Fadel H.E. , Saad S.A. , Nelson G.H. , Davis H.C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAmniotic fluid lecithin phosphorus concentration (AF‐Lec) was measured in 209 healthy women at 31.7–42.7 weeks gestation. The patients were divided into four groups according to race and fetal sex. No differences in AF‐Lec between black and white nor between male and female fetuses were found. The relationship of AF‐Lec to gestational age and the incidence of “mature” AF‐Lec was not different among the four groups. We conclude that there is no effect of fetal sex, race, or the interaction between them on fetal lung development as measured by AF‐Lec.
Laparoscopic surgery for tubal pregnancies utilizing laser
Authors: Huber J. , Hosmann J. , Vytiska‐Binstorfer E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNine cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated by laser supported tubotomy and subsequent endoscopic evacuation by a forceps. The location of the ectopic pregnancies were as follows: ampulla (one patient); isthmus (five patients); and fallopian tube (three patients, in two of whom the whole tube was a hematosalpinx). The incision in the tube was made on the antimesenteric side according to the position and size of the ectopic pregnancy using an ND YAG laser. Tissue destruction of the Nd YAG laser was diminished by using a crystal. After the incision, the conceptional debris was removed by a forceps. In all cases the fallopian tube was left open. Three months after the operation an X‐ray was performed. In all nine cases, patent tubes could be documented on the affected and on the contralateral side. In the two patients with hematosalpinx, adhesions of the treated tube were found.
Ovarian fibroma — clinical and histopathological characteristics
Authors: Sivanesaratnam V. , Dutta R. , Jayalakshmi P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwenty‐three cases of ovarian fibroma, comprising 3% of all benign tumors seen over a 20‐year period, were analyzed. It was unilateral in all cases affecting more commonly the left ovary (70%). Whilst a majority of cases (77%) were encountered in the reproductive age group, the tumor was rare before the second decade. Only in 13% of cases was ascitis clinically detectable. This was not influenced by the size and weight (average of 9.3 × 10.8 × 11.1 cm and 959 g, respectively) of the tumors; a smooth‐surfaced tumor was, however, associated with a greater amount of peritoneal fluid. Varying degrees of calcification in some tumors are detectable on ultrasonography and occasionally on abdominal radiography. The classical Meig's Syndrome was seldom encountered. The histopathological features, diagnostic problems and management are discussed.
A large scale rooming‐in program in a developing country: The Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital Experience
Authors: Gonzales R.B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the successful expansion of a pilot rooming‐in project to rooming‐in for all mothers, whether they gave birth vaginally or by cesarean section. Babies in Intensive Care are also given breast milk as much as possible. This policy has resulted in reduced bleeding and hospital stays, and decreased costs, among other things. Objective indicators for different aspects of the program are currently being assessed. Four reasons are given for success: strong political will; persistent administrative determination; trained personnel; and an informed public.
Breastfeeding promotion in family planning programs
Authors: Jennings V.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFamily planning programs serve large numbers of women of childbearing, and thus breastfeeding, age. Although these programs appear to have a number of characteristics which would be useful for promoting and supporting breastfeeding, most family planning programs have done very little in this area. The Agency for International Development (A.I.D.) and the Institute for International Studies in Natural Family Planning are working to find ways to remove barriers to family planning breastfeeding promotion efforts. Such barriers include lack of or conflicting measures of program success and lack of information on the breastfeeding/fertility relationship. The Institute is developing guidelines to help family planning programs promote breastfeeding.
Influence of suckling on plasma concentrations of somatostatin, insulin and gastrin in lactating women
Authors: Franceschini R. , Ragni N. , Cataldi A. , Venturini P.L. , Barreca T. , Rolandi E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effects of suckling on plasma somatostatin, insulin and gastrin values were evaluated in eight nursing women on the 3rd to 4th day postpartum. Plasma prolactin levels were also determined. Prolactin levels increased in response to suckling, as expected. Insulin levels also rose, whereas somatostatin and gastrin concentrations did not change after suckling. It is possible that the suckling‐induced hyperinsulinemia blunts the somatostatin response to suckling in humans.
Symphysis‐fundal height measurement — A reliable parameter for assessment of fetal growth
Authors: Indira R. , Oumachigui Asha , Narayan K.A. , Rajaram P. , Ramalingam G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIntrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is one of the major causes of perinatal mortality in countries like India. Fundal height traditionally measured in relation to umbilicus and xiphisternum is of little value in predicting the fetal growth. Some workers have found that symphysis fundal height (SFH) measurements could be useful in screening pregnancies for growth retardation. A prospective study was taken up in 109 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of our Institution. Serial measurements of SFH, abdominal girth, double abdominal wall thickness (DAWT) and maternal weight gain were recorded. SFH measurements obtained were arranged on the basis of 10th, 50th and 90th percentile and represented graphically. Statistical analysis showed that the coefficient of variation was smallest for SFH as compared to abdominal girth and maternal weight gain. The babies (single born) delivered were between 2600 g and 3700 g irrespective of whether the maternal weight gain was 143 g/week or 424 g/week. The abdominal wall thickness had no influence on the measurement of SFH. An attempt was made to develop a nomogram of SFH for our population. This is a simple, reliable and inexpensive method in the screening of pregnancies for IUGR.
Socio‐biological factors influencing infertility in a rural Nigerian community
Authors: Ebomoyi E. , Adetoro O.O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn assessment of factors influencing infertility in a rural Nigerian community revealed a prevalence rate of 12.9% primary infertility. Secondary infertility among the subjects was 54.1%. Age, education and religion of respondents had statistically significant influence on infertility (P < 0.05) but not income (P > 0.05). The correlation between age of respondents and infertility was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Primary health care efforts aimed at implementing maternal and child health care should explore the traditional customs on infertility in rural areas of developing countries.
Magnetocardiographic patterns in complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies
Authors: Anninos Ph. , Anastasiadis P. , Sivridis E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMagnetocardiographic (MCG) patterns, produced by the electrical activity of the heart, were investigated in 38 full term pregnant women (17 pre‐eclamptic and 21 with uncomplicated pregnancies), by means of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The most important difference was noted in the waveform amplitudes of the MCG recordings; these were appreciably lower in women with pre‐eclampsia compared to those in the normal control series, although in both groups the emitted magnetic fields ranged at approximately the same frequency band. Electrocardiographic (ECG) QRS complexes were represented clearly only in the low MCG waveform amplitudes, and these were related to the presence of widespread obliterative endarteritis in the fetal vasculature of the placentae. The above MCG findings are consistent with an increased contractibility of the myocardium in pregnant women with hypertensive disease secondary to the increased peripheral resistance.
Perinatal outcome following intravascular transfusion in severely isoimmunized fetuses
Authors: Ney J.A , Socol M.L , Dooley S.L , MacGregor S.N , Silver R.K , Millard D.D 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwenty‐six severely isoimmunized pregnancies managed exclusively with ultrasonographically guided intravascular fetal transfusions are reported. The mean gestational age plus and minus one standard deviationy (±SD) was 26.3 ± 3.6 weeks and the mean hematocrit (±SD) prior to initial transfusion was 20.6 ± 6.7%. Four of seven hydropic fetuses and 9 of 19 without hydrops were ≤ 26 weeks gestation at the first transfusion. Overall survival was 85% (22/26). Survival was similar whether or not fetal hydrops was present (6/7 vs. 16/19) and whether or not the first transfusion was administered at ≤26 weeks gestation (10/13 vs. 12/13).
Safe epidural anesthesia performed during labor by an obstetrician
Authors: Lurie S. , Feinstein M. , Blickstein I. , Caspi B. , Matzkel A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOne thousand seven hundred eighty‐seven epidural anesthesias during labor were performed by obstetricians well trained in the technique by the anesthesiology department. The course of labor was accelerated compared to control group. Vacuum extraction rate was 11.9%. Fetal outcome was favorable. Incidence of major complications was 0.16%. We conclude that in countries where an anesthetist is not routinely available at delivery wards, a safe and efficient epidural anaesthesia could be performed by an obstetrician well trained in administration of epidural anesthesia.
Cesarean section and maternal age in low‐risk nulliparas
Authors: Delgado L.R. , Nieto F. , Diaz A.G. , Schwarcz R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe relationship between maternal age and cesarean section in low‐risk nulliparas was analysed in 7454 perinatal clinical records selected from eleven databases of Latin American institutions obtained with a comprehensive perinatal information system. The risk of cesarean section in nulliparas between 29 and 49 years of age was found to be three times higher than that corresponding to pregnant women of lesser age. This clearly more aggressive obstetrical conduct could not be explained by the main indications for cesarean section.
Knowledge and attitudinal study of Kenyan women in relation to cervical carcinoma
Authors: Machoki J.M.N. , Rogo K.O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractKnowledge and attitude in relation to cervical carcinoma was studied in 85 cervical cancer patients and 177 matched controls. The mean age of the cases was 44.2 years and mean parity 6.5. The majority were illiterate. Statistically significant differences were seen in both mean age at marriage and at first coitus, being lower for cases than controls (P < 0.001). Basic knowledge of abnormalities of vaginal bleeding or discharge was characteristically poor in both groups. Over 90% had never attended any routine gynecological check up and did not deem it necessary. The few on regular check up were FP clinic attenders. Pap smear was totally unknown to most cases and controls. Against this background the vital role of public education in the control of cervical carcinoma is emphasized.
Contraception with subdermal levonorgestrel implants as an alternative to surgical contraception at Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Fakeye O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAcceptability and social characteristics of a cohort of Norplant®, IUD, pill and depo‐medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) acceptors who were seen at the University of Ilorin Family Planning Clinic over a 10‐week period of the pre‐introductory clinical trial of Norplant®, are compared. Findings indicate that Norplant® and DMPA are adopted as an alternative to sterilization by women advanced in reproductive age and of high parity. The pill and IUD are adopted mainly as birth‐spacing methods. Women's education, but not previous use of a contraceptive method, influenced the adoption of Norplant®. The continuation rate at 12 months, a measure of acceptability, was highest, 93.7 per 100 women, for Norplant® and 77.9, 46.7 and 27.7 per 100 women for the IUD, DMPA and the pill, respectively. The need to address the high family size norms in the African subregion is discussed.
Mid‐trimester termination of pregnancy with 16,16‐dimethyl‐trans‐Δ2 PGE1 vaginal pessaries: A comparison with intra‐ and extra‐amniotic prostaglandin E2 administration
Authors: Hill N.C.W. , Selinger M. , Ferguson J. , MacKenzie I.Z. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPGE1 analogue (gemeprost) vaginal pessaries administered three hourly for three doses has been compared with a single extra‐ or intra‐amniotic injection of PGE2 for mid‐trimester termination of pregnancy in 450 women between 13 and 20 weeks gestation. The mean (SD) induction‐abortion interval (IAI) in the vaginal pessary group of 19.5 (8.4) h was significantly longer than the respective intervals of 14.4 (9.3) and 16.1 (6.8) h in the patients treated extra‐ or intra‐amniotically (P < 0.001). Seventy‐three percent treated with gemeprost aborted within 24 h of initial treatment compared with 84% and 87%, respectively in the extra‐ and intra‐amniotic groups (P < 0.05). Patients treated with gemeprost were more likely to need further prostaglandin treatment and had an increased incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. Despite these differences vaginal gemeprost pessaries provide a safe, effective, easy to administer method for midtrimester termination of pregnancy.