bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for relinquishment of dogs to an animal shelter
Authors: Patronek Gary J. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Beck Alan M. , McCabe George P. , Ecker Carol 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify canine and household characteristics associated with relinquishment of a pet dog to an animal shelter.

Design
Case-control study.

Sample Population
Households that relinquished dogs for adoption (case households) and a random sample of current dog-owning households in the same community (control households).

Results
Potentially modifiable factors that explained the highest proportion of relinquishment were owners not participating in dog obedience classes after acquisition, lack of veterinary care, owning a sexually intact dog, inappropriate care expectations, and dogs having daily or weekly inappropriate elimination. Dogs obtained from shelters, kept in crates, or acquired at ≥ 6 months of age were at increased risk of relinquishment. Greater purchase price was associated with decreased risk of relinquishment, but relinquishment was not associated with the degree of planning to acquire the dog. Dogs with behavioral problems and little veterinary care were at greater risk of relinquishment than were dogs with regular veterinary care, and behavioral problems were associated with inappropriate care expectations.

Clinical Implications
Risk factors identified in this study can be modified by dog owners and veterinarians to decrease the estimated 2 million dogs euthanatized annually in animal shelters. Veterinarians should educate owners about typical dog behavior, routine care requirements and training, and the importance of regular veterinary visits; should incorporate wellness concepts in their practice; and should focus on preventive medicine and behavioral consultation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996,209:572-581)
Risk factors for relinquishment of cats to an animal shelter
Authors: Patronek Gary J. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Beck Alan M. , McCabe George P. , Ecker Carol 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify feline and household characteristics associated with relinquishment of a pet cat to an animal shelter.

Design
Case-control study.

Sample Population
Households that relinquished cats for adoption (case households) and a random sample of current cat-owning households in the same community (control households).

Results
Potentially modifiable risk factors with the highest population attributable risk for relinquishment were owners having specific expectations about the cat's role in the household, allowing the cat outdoors, owning a sexually intact cat, never having read a book about cat behavior, cats having daily or weekly inappropriate elimination, and inappropriate care expectations. Frequency of inappropriate elimination and aggression toward people were not associated with declaw status, but these behaviors were more common among sexually intact cats, compared with sterilized cats. Owners of cats in case households were more likely than owners in control households to cite cost of sterilization as a reason a cat was sexually intact. Cats found as strays and cats acquired with minimal planning were at decreased risk of relinquishment. Clinical Implications—The identified risk factors can be modified by cat owners and veterinarians to decrease the estimated 4 million cats euthanatized annually in animal shelters. Owner education programs are needed as well as increased awareness on the part of cat owners and veterinarians of the importance of resolving feline inappropriate elimination problems. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:582-588)
Agreement among veterinarians evaluating gross lesions of lungs, livers, and nasal turbinates of pigs
Authors: Davies Peter R. , Bahnson Peter B. , Grass Julie J. , Marsh William E. , Dial Gary D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate agreement between trained veterinarians and a reference inspector when recording gross lesions of lungs, livers, and nasal turbinates of pigs.

Design
Prospective study.

Sample Population
10 veterinarians in workshop 1 and 11 veterinarians in workshop 2.

Procedure
Analysis of data obtained from 2 workshops in which veterinarians evaluated fresh tissues (30 lungs and 30 livers) and 100 slides of nasal turbinates previously evaluated by the reference inspector. Veterinarians independently recorded observations of gross lesions. Agreement was evaluated by percentage agreement, kappa or weighted kappa, and sensitivity and specificity, where relevant.

Results
Agreement between veterinarians and the reference inspector was excellent for detecting consolidation of lung lobes typical of enzootic pneumonia (κ = 0.81 and 0.87 for workshops 1 and 2, respectively) and white spots on livers (κ = 0.76 and 0.78). Estimates of the extent of consolidation as a proportion of lung volume also agreed closely with reference values. Agreement was closer for veterinarians who had undergone repeated training and evaluation. Agreement was good for detecting nasal turbinate atrophy (weighted κ = 0.63 and 0.68) and was poorest for detecting lesions of pleuritis (κ = 0.39 and 0.44).

Clinical Implications
For most of the lesions evaluated, acceptable levels of agreement with reference scores were achieved after training of veterinarians to use standardized methods to record gross lesions. Standardization of veterinarians’ recordings of gross lesions should improve the reliability and usefulness of data collected by inspection of slaughtered pigs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:823–826)
Effect of ovariohysterectomy on maintenance energy requirement in cats
Authors: Flynn Michael F. , Hardie Elizabeth M. , Armstrong P. Jane 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether maintenance energy requirement (MER) to maintain stable body weight (BW) is substantially lower for spayed female cats than for sexually intact female cats and to assess whether an equation commonly used to estimate MER would accurately predict caloric need in spayed cats.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
10 spayed and 5 sham-operated young adult female cats.

Procedure
During an acclimatization period, initial daily food allowance was determined by estimating MER as 1.4 × (30 × BW + 70), then adjusted weekly to maintain BW within 200 g of baseline. Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) or sham laparotomy was performed at week 7, and the study was continued for 15 additional weeks (period 1). To correct for a presumptive effect of continued musculoskeletal growth that resulted in some cats becoming unacceptably thin during period 1, the study was repeated over an additional 10 weeks (period 2), using a new estimate of MER calculated from BW measured after reestablishing normal body condition.

Results
Substantial restriction in food allowance was necessary to prevent BW gain in the OHE group during both periods. Caloric intake of spayed cats in dietary balance was significantly lower than that of control cats at the end of each study period. Sexually intact cats appeared to self-regulate food intake, whereas spayed cats tended to eat all food available to them. Significant differences were not detected between OHE and control groups in observations of physical activity before or after surgery. The equation used to predict caloric needs overestimated the apparent MER for spayed and sexually intact cats.

Clinical Implications
Ad libitum feeding of spayed cats may be inadvisable, and careful monitoring of food allowance, relative to body condition, is suggested to prevent excessive weight gain. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1572–1581)
Risk factors for wound infection following celiotomy in horses
Authors: Honnas Clifford M. , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prevalence of wound infection following celiotomy in horses and to determine risk factors associated with the development of such infections.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
210 horses that had 235 celiotomies.

Procedure
All horses that had celiotomies between March 1990 and March 1992 were considered for this study. Only horses that survived ≥ 10 days after surgery were included in analysis of risk factors for postoperative wound infection.

Results
Of the 210 horses, 161 (76.7%) were discharged; of the horses discharged, 147 horses had a single celiotomy and 14 had multiple celiotomies. Twenty-six (12.4%) horses were euthanatized during surgery and were, therefore, excluded from further analysis. Twenty-three horses died during the postoperative period. Of these 23 horses, 15 that died within 10 days of surgery also were excluded from further analysis. Thus, 169 horses were included in the analysis of risk factors for developing incisional infection.
Evidence of incisional infection was observed in 43 of 169 (25.4%) horses. Increased concentration of fibrinogen in peritoneal fluid obtained prior to surgery, performing an enterotomy, and use of polyglactin 910 to close the linea alba were all significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with increased risk of postoperative wound infection.
Whether incisional herniation developed was recorded for 76 horses. The proportion of horses with hernias among those with postoperative wound infection was 19.1 %, compared with 3.6 % of horses without evidence of postoperative wound infection, indicating a significant association between postoperative wound infection and development of incisional hernias.

Clinical Implications
Increased concentration of fibrinogen in peritoneal fluid prior to surgery, performing an enterotomy, and use of polyglactin 910 to close the linea alba is significantly associated with increased risk for wound infection following celiotomy in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:78–81)
Case-control study of an outbreak of clinical disease attributable to Salmonella menhaden infection in eight dairy herds
Authors: Anderson Randall J. , Walker Richard L. , Hird David W , Blanchard Patricia C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify risk factors associated with Salmonella menhaden associated disease in adult dairy cows during an outbreak in California.

Design
Case-control study.

Sample Population
8 case dairies that had ≥ 1 adult animal that had clinical signs of salmonellosis and from which S menhaden was isolated and 22 control dairies, 16 of which were matched on the basis of herd size and county and 6 of which were matched on the basis of herd size, county, and breed (Jersey).

Procedure
A questionnaire was developed and reviewed with the herdsman or owner of each dairy. Primary areas of concern were herd management, disease characteristics, and feed-related information.

Results
Use of 1 particular feed mill and feeding animal fat were significant risk factors for clinical disease attributable to S menhaden infection.

Clinical Implications
Feed should not be overlooked as a potential source of Salmonella organisms in dairy herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:528–530)
Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis among cats in multiple-cat environments with endemic feline enteric coronavirus
Authors: Foley Janet E. , Poland Amy , Carlson Jeff , Pedersen Niels C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine what risk factors, other than genetic predisposition, contribute to the incidence of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in private breeding catteries and animal shelters.

Design—
Cats from 7 catteries and a shelter were observed monthly for 1 year. At each visit, cats were examined, fecal samples were collected for determination of feline coronavirus shedding, and blood samples were collected for determination of coronavirus antibody titers. Diagnostic tests were performed on all cats that died of FIP.

Animals—
275 purebred or random-bred cats that were kept by private breeder-owners in homes.

Results—
24 cats died of FIP during the study. Development of FIP was not associated with cattery, mean cat number, mean age, sex, cattery median coronavirus antibody titer, husbandry and quarantine practices, caging and breeding practices, or prevalence of concurrent diseases. However, risk factors for FIP Included individual cat age, individual cat coronavirus titer, overall frequency of fecal coronavirus shedding, and the proportion of cats in the cattery that were chronic coronavirus shedders. Deaths from FIP were more frequent in fall and winter, and on the basis of analysis of cattery records, the number of deaths varied yearly. Epidemics (> 10% mortality rate) were reported at least once in 5 years in 4 catteries.

Clinical Implications—
Elimination of FIP from a cattery is only possible by total elimination of endemic feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) infection. The most important procedure to reduce FECV from catteries is elimination of chronic FECV shedders. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1313–1318)
Milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cows given bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine prior to parturition
Authors: Ferguson James D. , Galligan David T. , Cortese Victor 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess the effect of vaccination against bovine respiratory syncytial virus on milk production, reproductive performance, and health in lactating dairy cows.

Design
Prospective randomized block design.

Animals
385 Holstein dairy cows and heifers.

Procedure
Cows were grouped by lactation number, season of calving, and previous mature equivalent 305-day milk production (where appropriate). Prior to parturition, cows and heifers were randomly assigned to be vaccinated 1M against infectious bovine rhinotracheltis, bovine viral diarrhea, and parainfluenza 3 viruses by use of a three-way vaccine, or to be vaccinated against those viruses as well as bovine respiratory syncytial virus, using a four-way vaccine. Milk production was measured daily through 305 days of lactation. Reproductive and medical records were reviewed to obtain insemination dates and record medical problems of cows in each vaccine treatment group.

Results
Compared with the three-way vaccine, administration of the four-way vaccine was associated with higher milk production (1.39 kg [3.06 Ib] more milk/d) in first-parity cows during the first 21 weeks of lactation. Vaccination did not have any effect on milk production after the first 21 weeks of lactation in cows of any parity. Conception rates at first insemination were higher for four-way vaccinated first-parity cows than for three-way vaccinated first-parity cows (54.6 vs 32.7%). Compared with second-parity cows that received the three-way vaccine, first insemination conception rate was improved for second-parity cows vaccinated with the four-way vaccine (28.9 vs 47.8%, respectively). In cows of third or greater parity, first insemination conception rate was not different between the 2 vaccine treatment groups.

Clinical Implications
Vaccination of heifers against bovine respiratory syncytial virus prior to partrition may increase milk production and first insemination conception rates. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1779–1783)
Pericardiectomy in dogs: 22 cases (1978–1994)
Authors: Kerstetter Kyle K. , Krahwinkel D. J. , Millis Darryl L. , Hahn Kevin 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine long-term outcome of dogs with neoplastic and nonneoplastic pericardial disease that undergo pericardiectomy.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
22 dogs.

Procedure
Dogs that underwent pericardiectomy and in which the diagnosis had been confirmed histologically were included. Data collected from each record included signalment, history, clinical signs, results of diagnostic evaluations, operative management, postoperative complications, histologic diagnosis, and outcome. Dogs were grouped on the basis of underlying cause of pericardial disease (neoplastic vs nonneoplastic), and survival times were determined by means of Kaplan-Meier analyses.

Results
9 dogs had neoplastic pericardial disease (chemodectoma, 4; hemangiosarcoma, 2; malignant mesothelioma, 2; lymphoblastic lymphoma, 1). Thirteen dogs had nonneoplastic pericardial disease (benign idiopathic pericarditis, 10; lymphocytic-plasmacytic pericarditis, 2; osseous metaplasia of unknown cause, 1). Thoracic radiography and echocardiography were the most specific methods for diagnosis of pericardial effusion. Pleural effusion was the most common postoperative complication (8/22 dogs). Prevalence of postoperative complications was not associated with underlying cause of pericardial disease, surgical approach, or surgical procedure (subtotal vs total pericardiectomy). Median survival time of dogs with neoplastic disease (52 days) was significantly shorter than median survival time of dogs with nonneoplastic disease (792 days). Dogs that developed pleural effusion > 30 days after pericardiectomy had a poor prognosis for survival.

Clinical Implications
Radiography and echocardiography are useful for diagnosis of pericardial effusion in dogs. Dogs with neoplastic pericardial disease have a significantly shorter survival time than do dogs with nonneoplastic pericardial disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:736–740)
Epidemiologic analysis of Mycoplasma spp isolated from bulk-tank milk samples obtained from dairy herds that were members of a milk cooperative
Authors: Kirk John H. , Glenn Kathy , Ruiz Lisa , Smith Eldon 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma spp in herds that were members of a milk cooperative.

Design
Epidemiologic study.

Sample Population
267 dairy herds that were members of a milk cooperative.

Procedure
Bulk-tank milk samples were collected monthly during a 6-year period from all dairies in the cooperative. Samples were submitted to the cooperative's laboratory for bacterial culture for Mycoplasma spp, using direct plating. Milk samples positive for Mycoplasma organisms were speciated.

Results
Prevalence of positive samples varied from 1.8 to 5.8% for all species of Mycoplasma and from 1.2 to 3.1% for Mycoplasma spp known to be mastitis pathogens. One mycoplasmal species was isolated initially on 99 of 198 (50.0%) dairies, but 68 of 198 (34.3%) dairies had 2 species isolated. Mycoplasma bovis, M californicum, and M bovigenitalium were consistently isolated, but M bovis (243/499; 48.6%) was the most commonly isolated species. Acholeplasma laidlawii was more prevalent in 1989 and 1995 than other years. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and M californicum had a seasonal distribution. Less than 50 colonies per plate were isolated for most (317/500; 63.4%) bulk-tank samples. Of the milk samples with > 100 colonies/plate, Mycoplasma bovis was isolated most frequently (73/243; 30.0%).

Clinical Implications
Distribution of Mycoplasma spp varied by year, number of colonies isolated per sample, season, and herd. Therefore, it may be necessary to routinely sample bulk-tank milk, and all isolates should be speciated. Culture results from milk cooperatives should be used with other monitoring information to determine the Mycoplasma status of herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1036–1038)
Retrospective cohort study of changes in hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Mostosky U. V. , Padgett George A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether there had been a significant improvement in hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States by comparing results of evaluations done by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals of dogs bom between 1972 and 1980 with those of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 and determining whether there had been an increase in the percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Sample Population
270,978 evaluations.

Procedure
Numbers and percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype during each period and change between periods in percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype were calculated.

Results
Percentage of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (15,289/143,668; 10.64%) was significantly higher than percentage of dogs born between 1972 and 1980 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (9,960/127,310; 7.82%). The increase in percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype was significantly higher for male (51 %) than for female (27%) dogs.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that there has been an improvement in the hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States between the 1970s and early 1990s and that the improvement has been greater among male than among female dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1542–1544)
Evaluation of urine protein content in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Hurley K. J. , Vaden S. L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate urine protein content in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDHAC) and to determine the effect of mitotane administration on proteinuria in these dogs.

Design
Prospective case series.

Animals
16 dogs with PDHAC were evaluated (age range, 7 to 14 years; mean age, 10 years; female-to-male ratio, 2.2:1).

Procedure
Urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios and 24-hour urine protein excretion (24-hour UPE) values were measured before beginning treatment with mitotane and after establishing appropriate maintenance treatment.

Results
Before treatment, UPC ratios ranged from 0.03 to 4.16 (16 dogs, median, 0.695; reference range value, UPC ratio < 0.5; questionable value, UPC ratio > 0.5 but < 1.0; high value, UPC ratio > 1.0). Seven dogs had proteinuria with UPC ratios > 1.0. Twenty-four-hour UPE values ranged from 0.67 to 61.7 mg/kg of body weight/d (0.30 to 28.0 mg/lb/d; 13 dogs, median, 9.7 mg/kg/d [4.4 mg/lb/d]; reference value, 24-hour UPE value, < 20 mg/kg/d [9.1 mg/lb/d]). Five dogs with high UPC ratios also had high values for 24-hour UPE. After establishment of maintenance treatment with mitotane (median, 7 weeks; mean, 7.3 weeks), UPC ratios ranged from 0.02 to 6.5 (16 dogs, median, 0.36). Five dogs continued to have high UPC ratios. Values of 24-hour UPE ranged from 0.47 to 122 mg/kg/d (0.21 to 55.5 mg/lb/d; 13 dogs, median, 5.1 mg/kg/d [2.3 mg/lb/d]). Three dogs continued to have high 24-hour UPE values. Significant differences were not found between dogs before and after treatment with mitotane in terms of UPC ratios or 24-hour UPE values.

Clinical Implications
In dogs with PDHAC and proteinuria, UPC ratios should be monitored closely. Some dogs with PDHAC may have a decrease in urine protein content following treatment with mitotane. We suggest that renal biopsies be considered in those dogs with progressive increases in UPC ratios. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:369-373)