bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognition, mental health and quality of life amongst siblings of preterm born children: A systematic review
Authors: Silva Wnurinham , Virtanen Eeva , Kajantie Eero , Sebert Sylvain 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimGlobally, 1 in 10 babies are born preterm. Families with preterm born infants may suffer strains related to the presence of a preterm child. To date, most evidence focuses on the outcome of children born preterm and of their parents. Our objective was to investigate the evidence on the impact of having a preterm born sibling on cognitive function, mental health and quality of life of term‐born siblings and critically appraise the evidence.MethodsWe searched five electronic databases, Google Scholar and reference lists. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction and critical appraisal.ResultsWe retrieved 9121 articles. After duplicates, titles, abstract and full text review, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. One study reported higher anxiety and depression scores on index cases in the term born comparison group, compared to the index cases in the preterm born sibling group. Another study reported more feelings of reduced parental attention, and more interpersonal problems in the preterm born sibling group, than the comparison group.ConclusionsAlthough two studies reported a difference in outcomes between index cases in preterm born sibling groups and comparison groups, the scarce evidence did not allow us to delineate an effect or lack of it.
The alien Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) impacts forest vegetation and regeneration on the southern slope of the European Alps
Authors: Fehr Vincent , Conedera Marco , Fratte Michele Dalle , Cerabolini Bruno , Benedetti Chiara , Buitenwerf Robert , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Maspoli Guido , Pezzatti Gianni Boris 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuestionsDoes the non‐native evergreen Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) affect native plant community and forest regeneration in deciduous forests? Are effects modulated by soil moisture? What are the implications for forest management and nature conservation?LocationBroadleaved deciduous low‐elevation forests on the southern slope of the Alps across the Swiss–Italian border region.MethodsWe compared the native herbaceous and woody plant composition, species richness, Shannon diversity and abundance at ten deciduous forest sites on two moisture conditions (six mesic–moist sites and four mesic–dry sites). Each site consisted of three plots measuring 400 m2 along a gradient of T. fortunei presence, ranging from “dominant”, to “present but not dominant” to “absent”.ResultsIn mesic–moist forests with high densities of T. fortunei, species richness and Shannon diversity of native plants and recruiting woody species in the herb and shrub layers were significantly reduced compared to similar sites where T. fortunei is absent or not dominant. However, in mesic–dry forests these variables did not differ between palm‐invaded and uninvaded plots. The abundance of recruiting woody individuals did not differ between plots invaded by palms and uninvaded control plots in either forest type.ConclusionsWe expect detrimental consequences for plant diversity in mesic–moist alluvial forests with high T. fortunei densities and few detrimental consequences in the more widespread non‐alluvial forests. We recommend multifaceted management, including targeted eradication in alluvial forests identified as hotspots of native plant diversity, accompanied by hands‐off management of T. fortunei in non‐alluvial forests, recognizing the ongoing and inevitable “laurophyllisation”; a biome shift toward mixed‐evergreen forest that may increase ecosystem climate resilience under ongoing climatic warming.
Understanding anxiety through uncertainty quantification
Authors: Hedley Friederike Elisabeth , Larsen Emmett , Mohanty Aprajita , Liu Jeremiah Zhe , Jin Jingwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUncertainty has been a central concept in psychological theories of anxiety. However, this concept has been plagued by divergent connotations and operationalizations. The lack of consensus hinders the current search for cognitive and biological mechanisms of anxiety, jeopardizes theory creation and comparison, and restrains translation of basic research into improved diagnoses and interventions. Drawing upon uncertainty decomposition in Bayesian Decision Theory, we propose a well‐defined conceptual structure of uncertainty in cognitive and clinical sciences, with a focus on anxiety. We discuss how this conceptual structure provides clarity and can be naturally applied to existing frameworks of psychopathology research. Furthermore, it allows formal quantification of various types of uncertainty that can benefit both research and clinical practice in the era of computational psychiatry.
Diagnostic utility of genetic alterations in distinguishing IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma from lower‐grade gliomas: Insight from next‐generation sequencing analysis of 479 cases
Authors: Lee Boram , Hwang Soohyun , Bae Hyunsik , Choi Kyue‐Hee , Suh Yeon‐Lim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe accurate diagnosis and classification of gliomas are essential for appropriate treatment planning and prognosis prediction. This study aimed to investigate the molecular diagnostics of IDH‐wildtype diffuse astrocytic gliomas and identify potential genetic variants that could differentiate glioblastoma (GBM) from lower‐grade gliomas when DNA methylation analysis is not feasible. In total, 479 H3‐and IDH‐wildtype diffuse astrocytic gliomas were included in this study. All the cases were diagnosed according to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Panel sequencing data were collected, and clinicopathological information was retrieved from medical records. Genetic alterations and histological findings were analyzed to determine their diagnostic utility and prognostic implications. Out of 479 cases, 439 (91.6%) were diagnosed with GBM, including 28 cases that were molecularly diagnosed as GBM. However, 40 (8.4%) cases could not be classified according to the 2021 WHO classification and were diagnosed as lower‐grade diffuse astrocytic glioma, IDH‐wildtype, not elsewhere classified (LGNEC). In addition to the three genetic alterations included in the diagnostic criteria of GBM, PTEN and EGFR mutations were found to be enriched in GBM. Patients harboring mTOR pathway mutations demonstrated a more favorable prognosis and often exhibited morphology resembling subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, along with a high tumor mutational burden. Among patients with mTOR pathway mutations, those lacking molecular diagnostic features of GBM exhibited outstanding survival outcomes, even in the presence of grade 4 histology. Integration of molecular features enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of IDH‐wildtype gliomas. Some molecular alterations enriched in GBM offer valuable insights for molecular diagnosis and glioma classification. Furthermore, high‐grade diffuse astrocytic gliomas featuring mTOR pathway mutations in the absence of molecular diagnostic features of GBM could represent more favorable tumor types distinct from GBM.
Creating equilibrium: Four relational mechanisms that facilitate positive change
Authors: Sanders Jackie , Liebenberg Linda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper uses critical realism to identify mechanisms that activate successful relationships. It draws data from a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study of youth who used multiple services. It examines functionality of four relational mechanisms: power, recognition, responsiveness and mutuality that lead to positive change and explores the implications of these for practice with youth with complex needs.
rTMS reduces delta and increases theta oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A visual‐evoked and event‐related potentialsstudy
Authors: Velioglu Halil Aziz , Dudukcu Esra Zeynep , Hanoglu Lutfu , Guntekin Bahar , Akturk Tuba , Yulug Burak 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to modulate neural networks and enhance cognitive function. This treatment offers the unique advantage of enabling real‐time monitoring of immediate cognitive effects and dynamic brain changes through electroencephalography (EEG).ObjectiveThis study focused on exploring the effects of left parietal rTMS stimulation on visual‐evoked potentials (VEP) and visual event‐related potentials (VERP) in AD patients.MethodsSixteen AD patients were recruited for this longitudinal study. EEG data were collected within a Faraday cage both pre‐ and post‐rTMS to evaluate its impact on potentials.ResultsSignificant alterations were found in both VEP and VERP oscillations. Specifically, delta power in VEP decreased, while theta power in VERP increased post‐rTMS, indicating a modulation of brain activities.DiscussionThese findings confirm the positive modulatory impact of rTMS on brain activities in AD, evidenced by improved cognitive scores. They align with previous studies highlighting the potential of rTMS in managing hyperexcitability and oscillatory disturbances in the AD cortex.ConclusionCognitive improvements post‐rTMS endorse its potential as a promising neuromodulatory treatment for cognitive enhancement in AD, thereby providing critical insights into the neurophysiological anomalies in AD and possible therapeutic avenues.
PVT1 promotes proliferation and macrophage immunosuppressive polarization through STAT1 and CX3CL1 regulation in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Huang Lijie , Wang Zheng , Liao Chihyi , Zhao Zheng , Gao Hua , Huang Ruoyu , Chen Jing , Wu Fan , Zeng Fan , Zhang Ying , Jiang Tao , Hu Huimin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), a long non‐coding RNA, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME).MethodsWe assessed aberrant PVT1 expression in glioma tissues and its impact on GBM cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we investigated PVT1's role in influencing glioma‐associated macrophages. To understand PVT1's role in cell growth and the immunosuppressive TME, we performed a series of comprehensive experiments.ResultsPVT1 was overexpressed in GBM due to copy number amplification, correlating with poor prognosis. Elevated PVT1 promoted GBM cell proliferation, while its downregulation inhibited growth in vitro and in vivo. PVT1 inhibited type I interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs), with STAT1 as the central hub. PVT1 correlated with macrophage enrichment and regulated CX3CL1 expression, promoting recruitment and M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages. PVT1 localized to the cell nucleus and bound to DHX9, enriching at the promoter regions of STAT1 and CX3CL1, modulating ISGs and CX3CL1 expression.ConclusionPVT1 plays a significant role in GBM, correlating with poor prognosis, promoting cell growth, and shaping an immunosuppressive TME via STAT1 and CX3CL1 regulation. Targeting PVT1 may hold therapeutic promise for GBM patients.
Arsenic trioxide induces ferroptosis in neuroblastoma by mediating GPX4 transcriptional inhibition
Authors: Su Mingwei , Liu Xiaoshan , Ma Yuhan , Peng Xiaomin , Xiong Xilin , Weng Wenjun , Huang Ke , Li Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, significantly contributes to cancer‐related mortality, presenting a dearth of efficacious treatment strategies. Previously, our studies have substantiated the potent cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) against NB cells, however, the specific underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we first identified ATO as a novel GPX4 inhibitor, which could trigger the ferroptosis in NB cells. In vitro, ATO significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of NB cells SK‐N‐AS and SH‐SY5Y, and induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, the iron chelator deferoxamine reversed ATO‐mediated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and hindered the generation of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. Conversely, ferric ammonium citrate notably intensified its cytotoxic effects, especially on retinoic acid (RA)‐resistant SK‐N‐AS cells. Subsequently, the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed ATO significantly inhibited the transcription of GPX4 in NB cells. Remarkably, immunoblotting analysis revealed that MG132 exhibited a notable effect on elevating GPX4 levels in NB cells. Nevertheless, pretreatment with MG132 failed to reverse the ATO‐mediated decrease in GPX4 levels. These findings suggested that ATO reduced the GPX4 expression level in NB cells by mediating GPX4 transcriptional repression rather than facilitating ubiquitinated degradation. In conclusion, our research has successfully indicated that ATO could induce ferroptosis and initiate lipid peroxidation by regulating the transcriptional repression of GPX4, and ATO holds promise as a potential anti‐tumor agent in NB, specifically for patients with RA‐resistant HR‐NB.
Flying to greener pastures: Spider ballooning in the city
Authors: Montes Marcela , Gleiser Raquel M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Spider ballooning is a phenomenon in which spiders employ silk threads to travel through the air for dispersal. While this behaviour has been extensively studied in agricultural areas, limited research has been conducted in urban environments, where green spaces are highly fragmented. However, in cities, aerial dispersal can be advantageous for spiders as it allows them to move to suitable habitat patches. This study aimed to investigate how the urban landscape affects spider ballooning.
We collected ballooning spider samples using sticky traps in 10 urban sites within different landscape contexts. By using generalised linear models, we analysed the influence of vegetation cover at both local and landscape scales on spider abundance and family richness.
Family composition was similar across the city regardless of the landscape context.
More individuals were collected dispersing aerially in areas with low landscape‐level green cover. However, a higher local percentage of vegetation cover led to a substantial increase in aerial dispersal in areas with high landscape‐level green cover. Our findings highlight the significance of the interaction between vegetation cover at these two scales on aerial spider abundance.
Our results support the hypothesis that generalist spiders exhibit increased ballooning in highly fragmented landscapes, actively seeking suitable habitats despite the elevated associated risk. Higher aerial dispersal in areas with greater local vegetation cover suggests an increase in short‐distance dispersal, indicating spiders' active search for better habitats nearby upon arrival at a site with potentially greater habitat availability.
Effects of hydrological and spatial seasonality on taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages in an Amazonian floodplain lake
Authors: de Oliveira Lima Severino Adriano , Andrade Humber Agrelli , Sousa Raniere Garcez Costa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe floodplain lakes of the Amazon constitute one of the most important aquatic systems in terms of fish biodiversity. These ecosystems are influenced by the flood pulse, which in turn, affects the behaviour of fish communities within this lake ecosystem. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the facets of taxonomic and functional diversity may be influenced by the conditions of ‘patches’ of internal habitats, considering the margins and central environments of a floodplain lake in the Amazon. Lake Cujubim, located on the right bank of the Madeira River, was evaluated via fisheries carried out in the high‐water and low‐water phases, during the day and night, and considering two location strata. The results suggest that the absence of significant differences in alpha taxonomic diversity between the two phases may be a possible seasonal mischaracterisation in Lake Cujubim attributed mainly to dam constructions along the Madeira River. Apparently, no major differences occur in the assembly of fish in terms of their taxonomic and functional characteristics, regardless of luminosity. In the strata of the locations, demonstrates noticeable habitat patches, with the margins being bioregions with high incidences of individuals of the Engraulidae family, confirmed by both taxonomic and functional diversity (alpha and beta). It can be seen that, even in connected lakes, there are differentiated metacommunities between the bioregions, thus forming patches of habitat, and that the shores of the lake, especially those located in proximity or distant from the river, are more suitable areas for food and refuge.
Spectral decomposition of resting state electroencephalogram reveals unique theta/alpha activity in schizophrenia
Authors: Nakhnikian Alexander , Oribe Naoya , Hirano Shogo , Fujishima Yuki , Hirano Yoji , Nestor Paul G. , Francis Grace A. , Levin Margaret , Spencer Kevin M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResting state electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in schizophrenia (SZ) is frequently characterised by increased power at slow frequencies and/or a reduction of peak alpha frequency. Here we investigated the nature of these effects. As most studies to date have been limited by reliance on a priori frequency bands which impose an assumed structure on the data, we performed a data‐driven analysis of resting EEG recorded in SZ patients and healthy controls (HC). The sample consisted of 39 chronic SZ and 36 matched HC. The EEG was recorded with a dense electrode array. Power spectral densities were decomposed via Varimax‐rotated principal component analysis (PCA) over all participants and for each group separately. Spectral PCA was repeated at the cortical level on cortical current source density computed from standardised low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. There was a trend for power in the theta/alpha range to be increased in SZ compared to HC, and peak alpha frequency was significantly reduced in SZ. PCA revealed that this frequency shift was because of the presence of a spectral component in the theta/alpha range (6–9 Hz) that was unique to SZ. The source distribution of the SZ > HC theta/alpha effect involved mainly prefrontal and parahippocampal areas. Abnormal low frequency resting EEG activity in SZ was accounted for by a unique theta/alpha oscillation. Other reports have described a similar phenomenon suggesting that the neural circuits oscillating in this range are relevant to SZ pathophysiology.
Specific alterations of resting‐state functional connectivity in the triple network related to comorbid anxiety in major depressive disorder
Authors: Beckmann Fienne‐Elisa , Gruber Hanna , Seidenbecher Stephanie , Schirmer Saskia Thérèse , Metzger Coraline D. , Tozzi Leonardo , Frodl Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe brain's default mode network (DMN) and the executive control network (ECN) switch engagement are influenced by the ventral attention network (VAN). Alterations in resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) within this so‐called triple network have been demonstrated in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorders (ADs). This study investigated alterations in the RSFC in patients with comorbid MDD and ADs to better understand the pathophysiology of this prevalent group of patients. Sixty‐eight participants (52.9% male, mean age 35.3 years), consisting of 25 patients with comorbid MDD and ADs (MDD + AD), 20 patients with MDD only (MDD) and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were investigated clinically and with 3T resting‐state fMRI. RSFC utilizing a seed‐based approach within the three networks belonging to the triple network was compared between the groups. Compared with HC, MDD + AD showed significantly reduced RSFC between the ECN and the VAN, the DMN and the VAN and within the ECN. No differences could be found for the MDD group compared with both other groups. Furthermore, symptom severity and medication status did not affect RSFC values. The results of this study show a distinct set of alterations of RSFC for patients with comorbid MDD and AD compared with HCs. This set of dysfunctions might be related to less adequate switching between the DMN and the ECN as well as poorer functioning of the ECN. This might contribute to additional difficulties in engaging and utilizing consciously controlled emotional regulation strategies.
Molecular interplay between phytoconstituents of Ficus Racemosa and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Rani Anu , Zia‐Ul‐Sabah  , Tabassum Fauzia , Sharma Arun K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a significant global health concern, primarily affecting middle and older populations. Recently, there has been growing interest in herbal therapeutics as a potential approach to address diverse neuropathological conditions. Despite the widespread prevalence of NDs, limited phytochemical has been reported for their promising therapeutic potential with distinct underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the intricate molecular pathways influenced by herbal phytoconstituents, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders, are also not well documented. This report explores the phytoconstituents of Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa), an unfamiliar plant of the Moraceae family, for their potential interactions with pathological pathways of NDs. The influential phytoconstituents of F. racemosa, including polyphenols, glycosides, terpenoids, and furocoumarin, have been reported for targeting diverse pathological states. We proposed the most convincing molecular interplay between leading phytoconstituents and detrimental signalling cascades. However, extensive research is required to thoroughly understand the phytochemical persuaded intricate molecular pathway. The comprehensive evidence strongly suggests that F. racemosa and its natural compounds could be valuable in treating NDs. This points towards an exciting path for future research and the development of potential treatments based on a molecular level.
Computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of brain death: Implementation and results in Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Olaf , Salih Farid , Masuhr Florian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography angiography (CTA) has been investigated as a confirmatory study (CS) for the diagnosis of brain death (BD). International consensus regarding its use, study parameters, and evaluation criteria is lacking. In the German BD guideline, a CTA protocol was first introduced in 2015.MethodsThe authors obtained a comprehensive dataset of all BD examinations in adults from the German organ procurement organization to investigate implementation, results, and impact of CTA on BD determination during the first 4 years.ResultsIn 5152 patients with clinically absent brain function, 1272 CTA were reported by 676 hospitals. Use of CTA increased from 17.2% of patients in the first year to 29.7% in the final year. CTA replaced other CS such as electroencephalography without increasing overall CS frequency. Technical failure was rare (0.9%); 89.3% of studies were positive. Negative results (9.8%) were more frequent with secondary brain injury, longer duration of the clinical BD syndrome, or unreliable clinical assessment. Median time to diagnosis was longer with CTA (2.6 h) versus other CS (1.6 h). CTA had no differential impact on the rate of confirmed BD and did not improve access of small hospitals to CS for BD determination.ConclusionsCTA expands the range of available CS for the diagnosis of BD in adults. Real‐world evidence from a large cohort confirms usability of the German CTA protocol within the guideline‐specified context.