bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Effects of Caffeine and Prostaglandin E2 on the Proliferation of Osteoblast‐Like Cells (UMR106‐01)
Authors: Kamagata‐Kiyoura Yusuke , Ohta Mitsuhiro , Cheuk Gina , Yazdani Malektaj , Saltzman Marty J. , Nakamoto Tetsuo 
Published: February 2005

Background: The general public widely consumes caffeine (1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine), which is contained in various foods, beverages and over‐the‐counter medications. We have shown previously that caffeine intake could affect bone metabolism in vivo.Methods: Because prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is shown to be elevated in the periodontally diseased site, the possible interaction between caffeine and PGE2 was investigated in the present study using UMR106‐01 rat osteoblast‐like cells in vitro.Results: Although neither 0.1 mM caffeine nor 0.1 µg/ml of PGE2 alone showed any inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, the combination of caffeine and PGE 2showed significant inhibition. However, in order to have inhibitory effects, both caffeine and PGE2 had to be present at least 72 or 96 hours in the medium. Addition of the endogenous PGE2 synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, showed no effects on cell proliferation. Neither cAMP‐inducing agent IBMX (0.01 mM and 0.1 mM) nor forskolin (0.001 mM) inhibited cell proliferation, but combined with PGE2 these agents strongly inhibited proliferation as was observed with the combination of caffeine and PGE 2 suggesting possibly that the increase of intracellular cAMP concentration plays an important role in the inhibitory effects of cell proliferation.Conclusions: The present data for the first time demonstrate possible implication of routine caffeine intake in the acceleration of pathological conditions of periodontitis. Thus, we propose that chronic caffeine intake is one of the possible risk factors in the advancement of pathology in the periodontitis patient. Further research in this area is warranted. J Periodontol 1999;70:283‐288.
Supportive Periodontal Therapy in South America. A Retrospective Multi‐Practice Study on Compliance
Authors: Novaes Arthur B. , Novaes Arthur B. , Bustamanti Alberto , Villavicencio B. Juan J. , Muller Ernesto , Pulido E. Julia 
Published: February 2005

Background: Supportive periodontal therapy is needed for the success of periodontal therapy but there is little information about the extent of patient cooperation. It is known, however, that cooperation is poor and a matter of concern.Methods: The present study is part of a more extensive study including information from 5,041 patient records from private periodontal practices in Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, and Argentina. Patient cooperation was measured according to gender, age, type of therapy (surgical or non‐surgical), maintenance period (first year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years), and level of cooperation (non‐compliant, regular or irregular) for each of the 4 practices.Results: We observed a great variation in the behavior of the patients from different practices, suggesting that studies on compliance cannot be generalized because differences in culture, economic conditions, knowledge of oral hygiene, and even the philosophy of treatment should be considered. The most significant data were sometimes similar for 2 or 3 of the countries but never for all 4 practices.Conclusions: Compliance is a very complex matter and findings from individual studies cannot be generalized. J Periodontol 1999;70:301‐306.
Effectiveness of a Sanguinarine Regimen After Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Tenenbaum Henri , Dahan Maurice , Soell Martine 
Published: February 2005

Background: A variety of chemical agents have been evaluated relative to their abilities to inhibit dental plaque and to improve gingival health. Chlorhexidine gluconate is the best known and most widely used member of these agents, but its long‐term use is compromised by different side effects, especially extrinsic tooth and tongue staining. Another agent, sanguinarine, which is currently used in both a mouthrinse and toothpaste, leads in some cases only to a transient burning sensation and could be used on a long‐term basis. The purpose of this 14‐week controlled clinical trial was to assess the effectiveness of a toothpaste and oral rinse containing sanguinaria extract after scaling, root planing and a chlorhexidine regimen.Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed as having adult periodontitis received initial periodontal therapy including scaling and root planing, followed by a 2‐week oral care regimen which included rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse. Upon completion of this 2‐week initial therapy phase, patients were randomly assigned to either sanguinarine toothpaste and oral rinse or to control toothpaste and oral rinse without sanguinarine. Plaque (modified Quigley‐Hein index) and gingivitis (gingival index) were measured prior to periodontal therapy, at the end of the chlorhexidine phase (2 weeks), and after 8 and 14 weeks.Results: Sanguinarine‐containing toothpaste and oral rinse significantly inhibited the redevelopment of gingivitis through the 12 weeks following the chlorhexidine phase compared to the control toothpaste and rinse. Patients in the test group had 26% fewer bleeding sites at 8 weeks, and 32% fewer at 14 weeks, than the control group.Conclusions: Our results support the combined use of chlorhexidine mouthrinse for a short term (2 weeks) followed by sanguinaria mouthrinse and toothpaste up to 3 months in order to optimize the effectiveness of chlorhexidine without side effects. Further studies on the long‐term effect of this combination should be established. J Periodontol 1999;70:307‐311.
Anorganic Bovine Bone Supports Osteoblastic Cell Attachment and Proliferation
Authors: Stephan Eugena B. , Jiang Di , Lynch Samuel , Bush Peter , Dziak Rosemary 
Published: February 2005

Background: It was the aim of these studies to examine the ability of an anorganic bovine bone matrix material as an alternative to autogenous bone grafts and demineralized cadaver bone to support the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of isolated osteoblastic cells.Methods: Primary culture osteoblastic cells were isolated from neonatal rat calvaria by sequential collagenase digestion. In the attachment studies, cells which had been labeled with 3H‐leucine were incubated with the matrix material in sterile microfuge tubes for 15, 90, or 180 minutes or 24 hours. The attached cells were released and the radioactivity measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry. In the proliferation experiments, the cells were cultured with the matrix material for 24 hours and 3H‐thymidine was added during the last 2 hours of the incubation. The cells were released and the radioactivity measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe osteoblastic cell interaction with the anorganic bone matrix. In these studies the cells were seeded on the bone graft material, then the material was removed and processed for SEM after 30, 60 or 120 minutes, or 24 or 48 hours.Results:The cells attached to the matrix material in a timedependent manner. There were significantly (P < 0.05) more cells attached after 180 minutes than after the 15 and 90 minute incubations. The matrix material also supported proliferation of the attached osteoblastic cells. Cells seeded onto 100 mg of anorganic bovine bone resulted in significantly (P <0.05) more measurable proliferation than cells seeded onto 10 mg of material. The cells appeared to be round as they attached, then flatten and spread over time. There was also evidence of cellular processes extending into the pores of the material.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that this anorganic bovine bone graft material is able to support the attachment and proliferation of osteoblastic cells. J Periodontol 1999;70:364‐369.
Smoking and Patterns of Bone Loss in Early‐Onset Periodontitis
Authors: Mullally Brian H. , Breen Blanaid , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: February 2005

Background:The aims of this study were to investigate the extent and distribution of bone loss in subjects with early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) referred for periodontal care and to study the relationship between smoking and EOP.Methods: A total of 71 consecutive referrals (21 male, 50 female) under 35 years old, who were otherwise healthy, with a clinical diagnosis of severe periodontitis were recruited for the study. Bone loss was measured from available radiographs using a Schei ruler to identify 2 patterns of destruction: localized (LEOP) in 41 (58%) and generalized early‐onset periodontitis (GEOP) in 30 (42%) subjects.Results: The study population had a mean of 25.0 (SD 2.4) teeth, excluding third molars, and mean bone loss of 28.7% (SD 13.0). Bone loss was more severe in the maxilla, 30.9% (SD 13.8) compared with 26.6% (SD 14.0) in the lower arch. More than one‐third (36%) of the teeth examined had at least 30% bone loss. Mean smoking experience was 9.2 pack years (SD 5.6), and 39 (55%) of the EOP subjects smoked. Smokers had significantly more maxillary bone loss than non‐smokers. A much higher proportion of GEOP (70%) currently smoked compared with 44% of LEOP, P = 0.029.Conclusions: It is concluded that young adults with earlyonset forms of periodontitis often have advanced periodontal destruction before they are referred for specialist care. In addition, there was a relationship between smoking and severe bone destruction in subjects with EOP, particularly those with generalized disease. J Periodontol 1999;70:394‐401.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health: Assessment of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Moore Paul A , Weyant Robert J. , Mongelluzzo Mary Beth , Myers Daniel E. , Rossie Karen , Guggenheimer James , Block Harvey M. , Huber Heidi , Orchard Trevor 
Published: February 2005

Background: The periodontal disease status of 320 dentate adults, diagnosed 23.7 years previously with Type 1 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, was evaluated. These patients had been monitored at 2‐year intervals as part of a large University of Pittsburgh longitudinal study assessing the medical complications associated with insulin dependent diabetes.Methods: During one of their regularly scheduled medical examinations, a group of 320 adult dentate subjects (mean age of 32.1 years) received a periodontal examination as part of a comprehensive oral health assessment. The oral health assessment collected data regarding demographics, oral health behaviors, tooth loss, coronal and root caries, salivary functions, and soft tissue pathologies. For the periodontal assessments, 3 facial sites (mesial, midcervical, distal) of the teeth in the right maxillary/left mandibular or left maxillary/right mandibular quadrants were evaluated for calculus, bleeding on probing (BOP) and loss of gingival attachment (LOA).Results: Attachment loss was significantly greater for older patients whereas BOP and calculus levels were relatively constant across age categories. Univariate analyses of factors possibly related to extensive periodontal disease (LOA ≥4 mm for at least 10% of sites examined) indicated an association with older age; lower income and education; past and current cigarette smoking; infrequent visits to the dentist; tooth brushing less than once per day; older age of onset; longer duration of diabetes; and the diabetic complication of neuropathy. A multivariate regression model of all possibly significant factors found current cigarette use (odds ratio [OR] = 9.73), insulin dependent diabetes onset after 8.4 years of age (OR = 3.36), and age greater than 32 years (OR = 3.00) explained the majority of the extensive periodontal disease in this group of diabetic patients.Conclusions: Management and prevention of extensive periodontal disease for Type 1 diabetic patients should include strong recommendations to discontinue cigarette smoking. J Periodontol 1999;70:409‐417.
Linkage Disequilibrium of Interleukin‐1 Genetic Polymorphisms With Early‐Onset Periodontitis
Authors: Diehl Scott R. , Wang YueFen , Brooks Carol N. , Burmeister John A. , Califano Joseph V. , Wang Shengbiao , Schenkein Harvey A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Genetic polymorphisms at interleukin (IL)‐1α and IL‐1β were recently suggested to be associated with severity of adult periodontitis. We evaluated whether these polymorphisms might also be associated with early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) in 28 African American families and 7 Caucasian American families with 2 or more affected members.Methods: Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was amplified, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and acrylamide gel electrophoresis to distinguish alleles of different fragment sizes. Genetic epidemiological methods suitable for family data were used that are robust to false‐positive findings due to mismatching of cases and controls or mixed subpopulations of different ethnic or geographic origin. The 2 major EOP subtypes, localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and generalized early‐onset periodontitis (GEOP, encompassing rapidly progressive periodontitis and generalized juvenile periodontitis), were analyzed both separately and together.Results: We obtained highly significant evidence of linkage disequilibrium for both African American and Caucasian G‐EOP subjects. A similar trend was noted for LJP. The IL‐1 alleles associated with high risk of EOP had been suggested previously to be correlated with low risk for severe adult periodontitis. Disequilibrium with G‐EOP was equally strong for smoking and non‐smoking subjects. IL‐1α and IL‐1β polymorphisms were in strong disequilibrium with each other in Caucasians, but not in African Americans. Haplotype analyses evaluating both polymorphisms simultaneously indicated that the IL‐1β variant is likely to be most important for EOP risk. Sibpair linkage analyses, by contrast, provided only marginal support for a gene of very major effect on EOP risk attributable to these IL‐1 polymorphisms.Conclusions: Recent theoretical analyses indicate that our findings are most consistent with an interpretation of EOP as a complex, oligogenic disorder, with IL‐1 genetic variation contributing an important but not exclusive influence on disease risk. J Periodontol 1999;70:418‐430.
Comparative Microbiological Characteristics of Failing Implants and Periodontally Diseased Teeth
Authors: Listgarten Max A. , Lai Chern‐Hsiung 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this report was to compare the distribution of periodontal pathogens recovered from failing implants and teeth with adult and recurrent forms of periodontitis.Methods: A total of 41 consecutive microbial samples from patients with failing implants (IMP) were received at the Microbiology Testing Laboratory (MTL) of the University of Pennsylvania over a 2‐year period. Paired control samples were selected from samples received concurrently by MTL from 41 patients with a diagnosis of adult periodontitis (AP) and 41 with a diagnosis of recurrent or refractory periodontitis (RP). Patients' mean ages for the 3 categories were 59, 47, and 53 years, respectively. Samples were collected with paper points or scalers and shipped in prereduced medium by express mail to the laboratory where they were processed within 48 hours from the time of collection. Culture was used for detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. rectus, P. intermedia/nigrescens, E. corrodens, P. micros, Capnocytophaga and Fusobacterium sp., enteric Gram‐negative rods, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus sp., and yeast. P. gingivalis and B. forsythus were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Morphotypes were enumerated by dark‐field microscopy.Results: The most frequently detected microorganisms from IMP were B. forsythus(59%), spirochetes (54%), Fusobacterium (41%), P. micros (39%), and P. gingivalis (27%). Recovery levels (mean ± SD) were 1±1, 4±5, 4±5, 9±11, 1±2, respectively. The most frequently detected organisms for AP were B. forsythus (83%), Fusobacterium (80%), spirochetes (79%), P. gingivalis (59%), P. micros (51%), and E. corrodens (37%), at levels 2±2, 5±4, 9±6, 4±5, and 6±7, respectively. Corresponding data for RP were B. forsythus (85%), Fusobacterium (83%), P. gingivalis (60%), spirochetes (59%), C. rectus (56%), and P. micros (56%), at levels of 3±2, 8±8, 4±4, 2±2, 1±1, and 9±10, respectively.Conclusions: These results indicate that the detection frequency and levels of recovery of some periodontal pathogens in failing implants are significantly different from that of teeth with periodontitis; however, the detection frequency and levels of recovery are similar in teeth affected by adult and refractory (recurrent) forms of periodontitis. J Periodontol 1999;70:431‐437.
Aerosol and Splatter Production by Focused Spray and Standard Ultrasonic Inserts
Authors: Rivera‐Hidalgo Francisco , Barnes James B. , Harrel Stephen K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Control of contamination in the dental office has sometimes deterred practitioners from using ultrasonic scalers. Recent studies point to the aerosol and splatter produced during ultrasonic scaling as a vehicle for the possible transmission of bloodborne pathogens. A recently introduced ultrasonic insert that focuses the spray produced during scaling may reduce this aerosol contamination. An aerosol reduction device (ARD) that is attached to the ultrasonic handpiece has been shown to reduce the contamination cloud by placing suction in close proximity to the ultrasonic tip. The purpose of this study was to compare the contamination produced by a standard insert (S) and the new focused spray (F) insert with and without the use of the aerosol reduction device (ARD).Methods: The testing was conducted in vitro within a plastic enclosure using a dye in the coolant spray. After mock scaling of a dentoform model, the number of contaminated squares on the enclosure was counted and recorded.Results: Analysis of the data indicated no significant difference (P >0.05, Mann‐Whitney U test) between the S or F inserts in the amount of contamination produced. When the aerosol reduction device was used, there was a significant reduction (P <0.05, Mann‐Whitney U test) in the amount of contamination for both inserts with a greater reduction for the standard insert.Conclusions: The traditional style of ultrasonic insert (S) and the newer focused coolant water insert (F) produce an equal amount of aerosol contamination. The amount of aerosol contamination produced by both inserts is copious. The ARD significantly reduced contamination with both styles of inserts. These findings support the use of a large bore high‐volume evacuator whenever an ultrasonic scaler is used. J Periodontol 1999;70:473‐477.
Two Multi‐Center Studies Evaluating Locally Delivered Doxycycline Hyclate, Placebo Control, Oral Hygiene, and Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Garrett Steven , Johnson Lonnie , Drisko Connie Hastings , Adams Donald F. , Bandt Carl , Beiswanger Bradley , Bogle Gary , Donly Kevin , Hallmon William W. , Hancock E. Brady , Hanes Philip , Hawley Charles E. , Kiger Robert , Killoy William , Mellonig James T. , Polson Alan , Raab Frank J. , Ryder Mark , Stoller Norman H. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Wolinsky Lawrence E. , Evans Gerald H. , Harrold Charles Q. , Arnold Ralph M. , Atack David F. , Fitzgerald Bryan , Hill Margaret , Isaacs Roger L. , Nasi Hisham F. , Newell Donald H. , MacNeil R. Lamont , MacNeill Simon , Spolsky Vladimir W. , Duke Susan P. , Polson Anne , Southard G. Lee 
Published: February 2005

Background: The clinical efficacy and safety of doxycycline hyclate (8.5% w/w) delivered subgingivally in a biodegradable polymer (DH) was compared to placebo control (VC), oral hygiene (OH), and scaling and root planing (SRP) in 2 multi‐center studies.Methods: Each study entered 411 patients who demonstrated moderate to severe periodontitis. Patients had 2 or more quadrants each with a minimum of 4 qualifying pockets ≥5 mm that bled on probing. At least 2 of the pockets were ≥7 mm. Treatment with DH, VC, OH, or SRP was provided at baseline and again at month 4. Clinical parameters were recorded monthly.Results: DH and SRP resulted in nearly identical clinical changes over time in both studies. Mean 9 month clinical attachment level gain (ALG) was 0.8 mm for the DH group and 0.7 mm for the SRP group in Study 1, and 0.8 mm (DH) and 0.9 mm (SRP) in Study 2. Mean probing depth (PD) reduction was 1.1 mm for the DH group and 0.9 mm for the SRP group in Study 1 and 1.3 mm for both groups in Study 2. Frequency distributions showed an ALG ≥2 mm in 29% of DH sites versus 27% of SRP sites in Study 1 and 31% of DH sites versus 34% of SRP sites in Study 2. PD reductions ≥2 mm were seen in 32% of DH sites versus 31% of SRP sites in Study 1 and 41% of DH sites versus 43% of SRP sites in Study 2. Comparisons between DH, VC, and OH treatment groups showed DH treatment to be statistically superior to VC and OH. Safety data demonstrated a benign safety profile with use of the DH product.Conclusions: Results of this trial demonstrate that treatment of periodontitis with subgingivally delivered doxycycline in a biodegradable polymer is equally effective as scaling and root planing and superior in effect to placebo control and oral hygiene in reducing the clinical signs of adult periodontitis over a 9‐month period. This represents positive changes resulting from the use of subgingivally applied doxycycline as scaling and root planing was not limited regarding time of the procedure or use of local anesthesia. J Periodontol 1999;70:490‐503.
The Use of 2 Bioabsorbable Barrier Membranes in the Treatment of Interproximal Intrabony Periodontal Defects
Authors: Mattson John S. , Gallagher Steven J. , Jabro Mansoor H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The use of barrier membranes in the treatment of periodontal defects is well documented. There has been an increase in the use of bioabsorbable materials which do not require a second surgical procedure for removal. However, there are little data evaluating the efficacy of bioabsorbable membranes in the treatment of intrabony defects. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the regenerative potential of 2 bioabsorbable barrier membranes without the use of grafting materials in the treatment of interdental intrabony defects.Methods: Twenty‐three 2‐ or 3‐walled intrabony defects were treated in 19 patients with a mean age of 50.4 years. All had completed nonsurgical treatment and a period of supportive periodontal therapy. The sites were randomly chosen to receive a barrier membrane composed of type I bovine collagen (11) or a copolymer of polylactic acid (PGA/PLA;12). A pressure sensitive disc probe was used to evaluate the following criteria at baseline and re‐entry: 1) occlusal surface to the apical depth of probe penetration (OS‐DP); 2) occlusal surface to the gingival margin (OS‐GM); 3) occlusal surface to the alveolar crest (OSAC); and 4) occlusal surface to the base of the osseous defect (OS‐BD). Full thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected to expose the surgical sites. The defects were debrided of the granulomatous tissue, the root surfaces instrumented and conditioned with 4 one‐minute applications of 50 mg/ml of tetracycline. The barrier membranes were adapted to cover the defects and the flaps replaced. The postsurgical healing was uneventful and similar in both treatment modalities.Results: Twenty‐three sites were surgically re‐entered 6 months from the time of the initial surgery. The deepest probe depth for each site was used for statistical analysis. There was a mean relative attachment gain of 2.58 ± 1.90 mm for the collagen, and 2.77 ± 2.13 mm for the copolymer. There was a decrease in probing depth of 3.27 ± 1.91 mm and 0.69 ± 1.35 mm of recession for the collagen. The PGA/PLA copolymer had 3.55 ± 2.47 mm reduction in probe depth and 0.78 ± 1.14 mm of recession.Conclusions: The data indicated the bioabsorbable collagen and copolymer membranes resulted in comparable results. A larger sample size would be necessary to determine if one membrane was superior to the other. J Periodontol 1999;70:510‐517.