bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochromism of 2-Hydroxychalcones in Solid Hydrogel Matrices
Authors: Matsushima Ryoka , Kato Katsuaki , Ishigai Shinichi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Photochromic reactions of some substituted 2-hydroxychalcones [3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-propen-1-ones] have been studied in solid hydrogel matrices. The results demonstrated good reversibilities for the chalcone-flavylium interconversion. Thus, in an agar-gel matrix the coloration-decoloration could be repeated over 50 cycles without significant fatigue. In a silica sol-gel matrix, a fairly good reversibility was obtained up to ca. 30 cycles; in the later cycles, however, extensive degradations took place.
An exploratory study on self‐evaluated aggression and androgens in women
Authors: von der Pahlen Bettina , Lindman Ralf , Sarkola Taisto , Mäkisalo Heikki , Eriksson C.J. Peter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHealthy, premenopausal women completed the Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Venous blood samples were taken at the mid‐cycle phase of the menstrual cycle to determine plasma androgen levels. Total and free testosterone, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone were assessed. Path analyses were aimed at finding out which of the five circulating hormones might best predict a latent aggression construct derived from the four subscales of the Aggression Questionnaire. A significant correlation was found between free testosterone and physical and verbal aggression subscales. In addition, the results demonstrate for the first time in women a significant link between 5α‐dihydrotestosterone and anger. Thus, both testosterone and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone may affect, by separate pathways, the basal regulation of aggression‐proneness in women. Aggr. Behav. 28:273–280, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motor activity in group‐housed and isolated mice with short and long attack latencies: Effects of scopolamine
Authors: Moragrega I. , Carrasco M.C. , Vicens P. , Redolat R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIsolation‐induced behavioral changes are well described in mice, although few studies have investigated the involvement of the cholinergic system in these effects. It has also been suggested that mice that display short or long attack latencies show differences in their reactions to a novel environment. The purpose of the present study was, first, to investigate locomotor activity in grouped and isolated mice that displayed short or long attack latencies and, second, to evaluate locomotor activity to determine whether it was affected interactively by differential housing and scopolamine treatment. Two experiments were performed in which NMRI mice, either isolated or group housed, were used as subjects. In the first experiment, results showed that there were no significant differences in locomotor activity between isolated mice with short and long attack latencies, although both groups were more active than grouped mice. These results indicate that motor activity in NMRI mice is influenced by housing conditions but not by levels of aggressiveness. In the second experiment it was observed that scopolamine (1 mg/kg) increased total activity counts both in isolated and group‐housed mice (both groups selected with long attack latencies), suggesting that differential housing in this strain does not substantially modify the motor effects of this dose of scopolamine. Aggr. Behav. 28:328–336, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convergence of control performance by unfalsification of models—levels of confidence
Authors: Veres S. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA general framework is introduced for iterative/adaptive controller design schemes by model unfalsification. An important feature of the schemes is their convergence near to the best possible controller given a set of model and controller structures. The problem of stability assured controller tuning is examined through unfalsified Riemannian bands of the Nyquist plot. Instability tolerantH∞andl1‐norm‐based controller tuning schemes are introduced. Computational problems are discussed and a simulation is used to illustrate the new scheme. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Force control of a reciprocating surface grinder using unfalsification and learning concept
Authors: Ali Razavi H. , Kurfess Thomas R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA plant model is an essential requirement in conventional methods for controller synthesis. However, it is possible to find a set of controllers that are not falsified by the performance specification or the measured data without any plant model or prejudicial assumptions. This concept is used to select and implement a force controller for a reciprocating surface grinder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subspace based direct adaptive ℋ︁∞control
Authors: Woodley Bruce R. , How Jonathan P. , Kosut Robert L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper presents extensions of the model free subspace based ℋ︁∞control approach. In particular, a fast algorithm for computing a subspace predictor from experimental data is introduced. The paper also describes a fast algorithm for updating the subspace predictor when new experimental data are available. These algorithms can be applied in conjunction with model free subspace based ℋ︁∞control in order to create a novel adaptive control law. A defining feature of this control law is that an estimate of achievable performance is maintained throughout the operation of the closed‐loop system. These algorithms are used to demonstrate the closed‐loop control of a flexible structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of polypropylene by melt vibration blending with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Wang Kejian , Zhou Chixing , Zhang Hongbin , Zhao Delu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA novel vibration internal mixer was used to prepare polypropylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene PP/UHMWPE blends with two additional adjustable processing parameters (vibration frequency and vibration amplitude) as compared with those prepared in the steady mode. Microscopy, mechanical tests, and differential scanning calorimetry showed that vibration influenced the blend morphology and the product properties. The good phase homogeneity of the blends might be due to the variation of shear rate either spatially or temporally in blending. Additionally, the vibration internal mixer could be used to analyze the dependency of viscosity on the shear rate. Vibration enhanced the interpenetration of UHMWPE into PP and vice versa. Subsequently, the formed crystals of two components were connected, and there was epitaxy between PP and UHMWPE crystals. Moreover, the crystalline aggregates, with the amorphous UHMWPE, formed a complex network‐like continuous structure, which improved the elongation ratio at the break and the yield strength. The higher the vibration frequency and/or the larger the vibration amplitude at a fixed average rotation speed of the mixer, the more significant these effects were. The larger amount of the connected crystals, especially of β form of PP in the bulk α form PP as well as with the continuous phase structure, led to a higher tensile properties of PP/UHMWPE vibration blended. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 164–176, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10020
Simplified model of stress‐induced crystallization kinetics of polymers
Authors: Guo Jianxin , Narh Kwabena A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA stress‐induced crystallization model for semicrystalline plastics is proposed based on the theory that stress‐induced orientation of molecules and chains increase the melting temperature of thermoplastics, and hence, the supercooling which is the driving force for crystallization. By assuming that the effect of stress on crystallization is only by increasing the melting temperature, the basic quiescent‐state crystallization equation can be directly applied to model stress‐induced crystallization kinetics. The model has a minimum of experimentally based constants. A simple experimental technique, such as a rotational rheometer, can be used to determine the melting temperature shift. The model predicts the most prominent features of stress‐induced crystallization. The main advantage of the model is that the parameters in the quiescent‐state crystallization model do not change. Consequently, the parameters in the melting temperature shift model are easy to determine, and unknown constants are kept to a minimum. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 214–222, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10022
The Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Diagnostic Index: Use of non‐invasive testing to diagnose hypersensitivity pneumonitis in metalworkers
Authors: Dangman Kenneth H. , Cole Solon R. , Hodgson Michael J. , Kuhn Charles , Metersky Mark L. , Schenck Paula , Storey Eileen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundSince 1993, several outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have been reported in metalworkers. We report the largest outbreak of HP in metalworkers yet known. It occurred in a Connecticut factory that produces precision parts for the aerospace industry. The workers typically presented with systemic and respiratory problems (“sick fatigue,” myalgias, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and chest tightness). They had variable findings on clinical tests, which complicated diagnosis. An HP diagnostic index was developed to help reduce the uncertainties in case identification.MethodsData from 16 biopsy‐confirmed cases and 14 non‐HP patients were compared, and the HP diagnostic index was derived using variables that best discriminated between the two groups. The index is based on (a) work‐related symptoms, (b) dry crackles on auscultation, (c) restrictive spirometry, (d) decreased diffusion capacity and/or increased A‐a oxygen gradient, (e) elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, (f) abnormal radiographic images, and (g) abnormal gallium scans. We then applied the HP diagnostic index and, for comparison, the “Kenosha epidemiological case criteria” (developed during a recent HP outbreak in an automobile factory) to our data set.ResultsThe HP diagnostic index and the Kenosha criteria confirmed HP in overlapping sets of 36 and 34 patients, respectively, that were both in good agreement with the clinical diagnoses.ConclusionsThe HP diagnostic index relies less heavily on symptoms, subjective evaluations, and invasive tests than the Kenosha criteria, but both identified similar subsets of the 61 patients as having HP. The HP diagnostic index could provide a useful tool in future HP outbreaks, which are increasingly being recognized in metalworking facilities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:150–162, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between bone lead concentration and blood pressure among young adults
Authors: Gerr Fredric , Letz Richard , Stokes Lynette , Chettle David , McNeill Fiona , Kaye Wendy 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundOccupational and environmental exposure to lead has been examined for its effect on blood pressure (BP) in adults with varying results. The present analyses assessed the association between bone lead concentration and BP in early adult life in persons exposed during childhood.MethodsStudy participants included young adult members of two cohorts with different past histories of lead exposure. Lead exposure was assessed using noninvasive K‐X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify bone lead concentration, an index of long‐term lead exposure superior to current blood lead concentration. Systolic and diastolic BP measurements were obtained using conventional clinical methods. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to allow for control of covariates of BP identified a priori.ResultsAnalyses were performed on 508 participants. While controlling for potential confounders, systolic BP was 4.3 mm Hg greater among members of the highest of four bone lead concentration groups (> 10 μgPb/g bone) when compared with the lowest bone lead concentration group (< 1 μgPb/g bone; P = 0.004), and diastolic BP was 2.8 mm Hg greater among members of the highest bone lead concentration group when compared with the lowest bone lead concentration group (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThese results suggest that substantial lead exposure during childhood can increase BP during young adulthood. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:98–106, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Re: MTBE misclassified
Authors: Goldstein Bernard D. , Erdal Serap 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDr. Mehlman's commentary is a further reminder of the many problems caused by our nation's cavalier adoption of oxygenated fuels without adequate scientific consideration of environmental consequences. We disagree with Dr. Mehlman only to the extent that we are not fully convinced that MTBE is clearly a probable human carcinogen, and we would not be critical of the National Toxicology Program. The close vote of the NTP panel is similar to the close vote of the California Proposition 65 Science Advisory Board Panel Committee which on a tie vote is in keeping with that of IARC. However, we think the evidence of the potential for carcinogenecity is more than sufficient to preclude exposing over 100 million Americans to MTBE without first obtaining far more proof of safety.
RE: Mesothelioma and lung tumors attributable to asbestos among petroleum workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2000. 37:275–282. I. Reply to Tsai et al.'s letter to the editor and new evidence
Authors: Gennaro Valerio , Montanaro Fabio , Ceppi Marcello , Fontana Vincenzo , Perrotta Alessandra , Puntoni Riccardo , Finkelstein Murray M. , Silvano Stefania 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe recently conducted a re‐analysis [Gennaro et al. 2000] of two independent studies among oil refineries workers: an Italian cohort study [Gennaro et al., 1994,1995] and a Canadian case‐control study [Finkelstein, 1996]. In the re‐analysis we reported that maintenance workers (MW) experienced an asbestos‐attributable risk (AR) of 96‐100% for mesothelioma; the same subgroup of workers showed an asbestos AR for lung cancer of 49.2 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 26.4‐72.4) in the Italian cohort study and an AR of 42.2 (95% CI=10.8‐82.6) in the Canadian study. White collar workers (WCW), likely unexposed to asbestos, were considered the internal referent population in the Italian cohort
study, while other workers were the comparison group in the Canadian study.
Assignment of work involving farm tractors to children on North American farms†
Authors: Marlenga Barbara , Pickett William , Berg Richard L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundChildren are at high risk for tractor‐related injury. The North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks (NAGCAT) provide recommendations for the assignment of tractor work. This analysis describes tractor‐related jobs assigned to farm children and compares them to NAGCAT.MethodsA descriptive analysis was conducted of baseline data collected by telephone interview during a randomized, controlled trial.ResultsThe study population consisted of 1,138 children who worked on 498 North American farms. A total of 2,389 farm jobs were reported and 456 (19.1%) involved operation of farm tractors. Leading types of tractor jobs were identified. Modest, yet important, percentages of children were assigned tractor work before the minimum ages recommended by NAGCAT.ConclusionsChildren on farms are involved in tractor work at a young age and some are involved in jobs that they are unlikely to have the developmental abilities to perform. NAGCAT is a new parental resource that can be applied to these work situations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:15–22, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropsychological function in Gulf War veterans: relationships to self‐reported toxicant exposures
Authors: White Roberta F. , Proctor Susan P. , Heeren Timothy , Wolfe Jessica , Krengel Maxine , Vasterling Jennifer , Lindem Karen , Heaton Kristin J. , Sutker Patricia , Ozonoff David M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was aimed at (1) exploring evidence of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction among Gulf War (GW) veterans on neuropsychological tests and (2) examining whether performance on neuropsychological tests was related to specific neurotoxicant exposures experienced in the Gulf.MethodsThe GW‐deployed groups were selected using stratified random sampling methods from two distinct cohorts of GW veterans. A comparison group that had been called up for GW service but deployed to Germany rather than the Gulf also was examined. Neuropsychological function was assessed using a pre‐determined battery chosen to include tests known to be highly sensitive to the behavioral effects of the neurotoxicants thought to have been present in the Gulf.ResultsSelf‐reported exposures were related to neuropsychological test performance controlling for post‐traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and other known covariates of neuropsychological test performance. Results showed that GW‐deployed veterans performed more poorly than the Germany‐deployed veterans on several specific neuropsychological tests, but after adjustment for multiple comparisons, only the differences in mood complaints remained significant. Within the GW‐deployed group, self‐reported exposure to chemical warfare agents was associated with poorer performance on cognitive tests involving specific functional domains.ConclusionsResults provide evidence that there are subtle differences in CNS function among GW‐deployed veterans who report chemical warfare agent exposure while in the GW theater. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:42–54, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory function in active firefighters
Authors: Mustajbegovic Jadranka , Zuskin Eugenija , Schachter E. Neil , Kern Josipa , Vrcic‐Keglevic Mladenka , Heimer Stjepan , Vitale Ksenija , Nada Turcic 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundExposure to environmental pollution during firefighting may results in the development of respiratory disorders in firefighters.MethodsThe health effects of firefighting on respiratory function was investigated in a group of 128 active firefighters by recording respiratory symptoms and measuring lung function. In addition, 88 control workers, not exposed to known pollutants were studied for the prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms.ResultsSignificantly higher prevalences of dyspnea, nasal catarrh, sinusitis, and hoarseness were recorded in firefighters compared to control workers (P < 0.01). One subject developed asthma symptoms following two intense firefighting episodes. A high prevalence of acute symptoms experienced during and after fire extinguishing was also documented among these firefighters. Eye and throat irritation as well as headache were prominent. A logistic regression analysis of chronic respiratory symptoms demonstrated that odds ratios were significant for both duration of work exposure and for smoking. Lung function testing demonstrated a decrease in FEF75 in relation to predicted suggesting obstructive changes in the smaller airways. A regression analysis of ventilatory capacity tests indicated a positive relationship of forced vital capacity with length of employment, 1 s forced expiratory volume as well as FEF50 were related to smoking, and FEF75 was related to both smoking and length of employment.ConclusionsOur data suggest that firefighters are at risk for developing acute and chronic respiratory symptoms as well as obstructive airway changes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:55–62, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and lead exposure in battery manufacturing workers*†
Authors: Tepper Allison , Mueller Charles , Singal Mitchell , Sagar Kiran 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundAlthough debate about the relationship between lead and blood pressure has focused on low environmental lead levels, industrial exposure remains a concern.MethodsWe measured blood pressure and left ventricular mass (LVM) in 108 battery manufacturing workers, and calculated cumulative and historic average measures of blood lead.ResultsDiastolic pressure increased with increasing lead levels, with a significant (P = 0.04) 5 mmHg difference in mean pressure between the highest and lowest cumulative exposure levels. Diastolic pressure increased with the log of cumulative lead (P = 0.06). Both hypertension (defined as currently medicated or systolic > 160 mmHg or diastolic > 95 mmHg) and LVM increased nonsignificantly with increasing lead exposure (P‐values ≥ 0.17 for hypertension and ≥ 0.20 for LVM).ConclusionsWe found a small effect of blood lead on diastolic blood pressure, particularly for a cumulative measure of exposure, but no convincing evidence of associations between lead and other blood‐pressure‐related outcomes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:63–72, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational cancer genetics: infrequent ras oncogenes point mutations in lung cancer samples from chromate workers
Authors: Ewis Ashraf A. , Kondo Kazuya , Lee Juwon , Tsuyuguchi Masaru , Hashimoto Masato , Yokose Tomoyuki , Mukai Kiyoshi , Kodama Tetsurou , Shinka Toshikatsu , Monden Yasumasa , Nakahori Yutaka 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundChromium carcinogenicity and mutagenicity are no longer disputed. However, although chromium has various genetic effects that induce cancer, its mechanism of inducing lung cancer in humans is still not fully understood. p53, a tumor suppressor gene, was found to be infrequently mutated in samples of lung cancer in workers with long occupational exposure to chromium, suggesting other cancer‐related genes to be targeted in such tumors.MethodsTo assess the contribution of the ras oncogenes in the pathogenesis of chromate‐related lung cancer, we studied point mutations at the critical positions of codons 12, 13, and 61 of the Ha‐ras and Ki‐ras oncogenes in 38 lung cancer samples derived from Japanese patients who worked in the chromate industry for long periods. We used both radioactive isotope and non‐radioisotope PCR‐SSCP techniques.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrated that activation of ras genes due to point mutations in chromate‐related lung cancer is a rare event.ConclusionsRas oncogenes activated by point mutations do not have a major role in the process of tumorigenesis of chromate‐related lung cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:92–97, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive mitochondrial disease resulting from a novel missense mutation in the mitochondrial DNA ND3 gene
Authors: Taylor Robert W. , Singh‐Kler Rajinder , Hayes Christine M. , Smith Philip E.M. , Turnbull Douglass M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe describe a 42‐year‐old man who presented with a progressive history of epilepsy, stroke‐like episodes, bilateral optic atrophy, and cognitive decline. Investigation of his muscle biopsy revealed a specific defect in complex I activity. Subsequent analysis of the mitochondrial genome identified a novel heteroplasmic T10191C mutation in the ND3 gene. The mutation was present at lower levels in blood from the patient and unaffected maternal relatives and is the first pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation in the ND3 gene to be described.