bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Presence of Socrates and Aristotle in the Stoic Account of Akrasia
Authors: Boeri Marcelo D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The issue of incontinence has become a favourite theme of scholarly discussion in recent decades. Certainly it has been one of the philosophical topics that have contributed greatly to reintroduce ancient philosophers into contemporary philosophical discussion. While papers and books devoted to the issue of akrasia are, for the most part, focused on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, those dedicated to the Stoics are much scantier.
Raz on the Intelligibility of Bad Acts
Authors: Stocker Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the central unifying themes of Joseph Raz’s Engaging Reason: On the Theory of Value and Action is a presentation and defence of what he calls the classical as opposed to the rationalist conception of human agency.1 Raz likens the classical view to the views held by Plato and Aristotle, crediting Eliza-beth Anscombe’s Intention with its modern formulation and interest.2 A central issue of the debate between classical and rationalist accounts is whether desire in itself, mere desire, provides a reason for action, or whether reasons have to do with what is good (independently, that is, of desire).
On an argument for dualism
Authors: Shoemaker Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a striking fact about contemporary philosophy of mind that, while scarcely anyone thinks that it is a live possibility that a mind-body dualism anything like Descartes’s is true, considerable effort continues to be spent on the construction, consideration, analysis, and refutation of arguments in favor of such dualistic positions. While much of this activity takes the form of Descartes scholarship, the amount of it cannot be explained as simply a manifestation of a widespread historical interest in Descartes’s philosophy; on the contrary, it seems plausible to suppose that the interest in Descartes’s philosophy is due in part to the continued fascination of philosophers with the dualistic outlook of which Descartes is the classical proponent. Nor can it be supposed that the interest in dualism among philosophers is to be explained by the prevalence of dualistic convictions among non philosophers.
Liars and Heaps
Authors: Beall JC 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Logic is fundamental to thought and language. But which logical principles are correct? The paradoxes play a crucial role in answering that question. The socalled Liar and Heap paradoxes challenge our basic ideas about logic; at the very least, they teach us that the correct logical principles are not as obvious as common sense would have it. The essays in this volume, written by leading figures in the field, discuss novel thoughts about the paradoxes.
Vagueness and Conversation
Authors: Shapiro Stewart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is a pilot for a longer work, which includes a modeltheoretic semantics and a treatment of socalled higherorder vagueness. My biggest debt is to my colleague and friend Diana Raffman, whose work inspired the present account, and who continues to give me valuable advice. Thanks also to the members of a graduate seminar on vagueness that we gave together in the spring of 2002: Julian Cole, Sven Walters, Steven James, Jack Arnold, and Michael Jaworski. I am also indebted to the audiences at the ‘Liars and Heaps’ conference held at the University of Connecticut in the autumn of2002, an Arche workshop and subsequent seminar at the University of St Andrews, the Hebrew University Logic Colloquium, and the Philosophy Colloquium at the University of Maryland. I have received valuable feedback from Carl Posy, Mark Sainsbury, Crispin Wright, Agustin Rayo, Patrick Greenough, Delia Graff, Barbara Scholz, Tim Williamson, Neil Cooper, Roy Cook, Rosanna Keefe, Brian Weatherson, Graham Priest, Michael Morreau, and Georges Rey.
Higher-Order Vagueness for Partially Defined Predicates
Authors: Soames Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper I will talk about a perplexing problem that arises for the theory of vague and partia1ly defined predicates that 1 sketched in my book Understamlin3 Truth, and which can, I think, be expected to arise for other theories that employ partially defined predicates.’ The problem is that of making sense of so-called higherorder vagueness. This problem is often regarded as the chief difficulty facing analyses which treat vague predicates as partially defined. Although I can’t claim to have solved the problem, r will argue today that it is more tractable than it is often taken to be. I begin by rehearsing the basic framework that I presuppose.
Towards a Friendly, Transatlantic Critique of The Second Sex
Authors: Doeuff (trans. E. Grosholz) Michéle Le 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I did n’t participate much in celebrations of the fiftieth anniversary of The Second Sex.I felt I had done enough, since I began to address the work of Simone de Beauvoir in 1976, to defend her stature as a philosopher at a time when it was n’t at all fashionable to take her work seriously. Since this volume of essays seeks to put into perspective a life’s work which merits the attention of both philosophers and historians of ideas, I would like to say a few words about the circumstances that Jed me to devote part of my seminar on women and philosophy at the Ecole Normale Superieure at Fontenay to the study of Beauvoir.
Complicity and Slavery in The Second Sex
Authors: James Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Introduction to The Second SexSimone de Beauvoir characterizes the category of the other as primordial (SS1972, 16; DS1986, L 16). To understand the relations between social groups, including men and women, we must start from Hegel’s insight that there is ‘in consciousness itself a fundamental hostility to every other conscious ness; the subject can be posed only in being opposed-he sets himself up as the essential, as opposed to the other, the inessential, the object’ (SS 1972, 17; DS1986, i. 17). Here Beauvoir presents a framework for explaining the relations between the sexes which makes them continuous with other human relationships.
Simone de Beauvoir and Human Dignity
Authors: Wilson Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is human dignity a feature that is detected or one that is postulated? If it is detected, how reliably is it detected, and if errors are common are they more likely to be errors of over-attribution or of under-attribution? If dignity is postulated, is it postulated universally? Can one lose the feature by behaving in certain ways, or lose the entitlement to have it postulated in oneself? What are the social consequences of possessing or lacking human dignity? The answers to these questions are not obvious. An important contribution of The Second Sexto moral philosophy is its treatment of human dignity as a relational concept pertaining to our estimation of others and, at the same time, as a concept distinct from mere social prestige.
Introduction
Authors: Sorabji Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subject of this book is the idea of the Self, and I will start with that. But gradually there will emerge implications for life and death, and how we should view them. Parts of the book are more historical, others largely philosophical, although these categories are never separate.1 My original interest in the self stemmed from my discovery at the age of six that mortality applied to me and not just to insects. Initially, that interest led to a focus on certain types of question about the self, particularly whether it made sense to think of the same person as existing again after the interruption of death, and what made people distinct from each other. Those questions of personal identity and difference have indeed provided the main focus for much modern philosophy of the self.
The Varieties Of Self And Philosophical Development Of The Idea
Authors: Sorabji Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have said what I mean by ‘Self’ ; and why I think there is such a thing. The next task is to see whether ancient philosophers had accounts of self. I think they most certainly did. Again and again, they show the same interest in the individual person, and especially the individual viewed from the first-person point of view as ȁ8me’. Moreover, like ourselves, they often express these ideas of self just as we do, by the use of pronouns.
The Categorization of Colour
Authors: Taylor John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As pointed out in the Introduction, linguistics is concerned with categorization on two levels. On the one hand, linguists need categories in order to describe the object of investigation. In this, linguists proceed just like practitioners of any other discipline. The noises that people make are categorized as linguistic or non-linguistic noises; linguistic noises are categorized as instances of a particular language, or of a dialect of a particular language; sentences are categorized as grammatical or ungrammatical; words are categorized as nouns or verbs; sequences of words are categorized as examples of syntactic constructions; sound segments are classiﬁed as vowels or consonants, stops or fricatives, and so on.But linguists need to be concerned with categorization at another level. Many of the things that linguists study – words, morphemes, syntactic struc-tures, intonation patterns– not only constitute categories in themselves, they also stand for categories. The phonetic form [1ed] can not only be categorized as, variously, an English word, an adjective, a syllable with a consonant-vowel-consonant structure; [Ied] is used by English speakers to designate a range of physically and perceptually distinct properties of the real world (more precisely, a range of distinct colour sensations caused by the real-world properties) and assigns this range of colours to the category RED.
Linguistic and Encyclopaedic Knowledge
Authors: Taylor John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In previous chapters we encountered cases where it seemed that the meaning of a linguistic form could only be characterized against speciﬁc cultural norms or practices. Various attributes of cups have to do with cultural norms for drinking hot liquids; bachelor of artsonly makes sense in the context of institutions of higher learning and their procedures for granting degrees; even in the sense “man who has never married” bachelorneeds to be understood against the cultural institution of marriage. The understanding of terms like cupand bachelorthus presupposes a certain amount of world knowledge on the part of the language user. In this chapter, we explore in more detail the relevance of background knowledge, and consider the ways in which this kind of knowledge can be incorporated into the characterization of word meanings.
Principles, mechanisms, and causes of change
Authors: Fischer Olga 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I will review the different mechanisms, principles, parameters, constraints, and, ultimately, explanations that have been put forward for language change within the grammaticalization and the P&P models. When comparing the two approaches, I will refer to all the factors that somehow condition change—whether as mechanisms, causes, or constraints—with the neutral term ‘factors’, so as not to prejudge the issue. The reason for this is the well-known problem that many of these determining ‘factors’ are themselves constrained by the nature of the theory in which they are employed. In fact, what may be seen as an explanation or cause in one theory, may not be considered more than a description or a mechanism in another.
A paradigm case: the story of the modals (and other auxiliaries)
Authors: Fischer Olga 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In many ways, the story of the modals in English could be said to constitute a paradigm case. From the moment that Lightfoot wrote his influential article on the development of the English modals in 1974, it has inspired a steady spate of studies on the history of the English modals both within the generative and the grammaticalization schools of thought. Lightfoot indeed called the modals his paradigm case when he introduced the notion of the Transparency Principle and ‘radical change’ in his study on diachronic syntax (1979). Unlike some of his other examples of radical change, this particular case seemed to follow most neatly the scenario in which a number of unrelated, superficial changes lead to an opacity in the grammar system, which then, as a result of the application of the Transparency Principle, undergo a ‘catastrophic’ change, evidenced by a number of simultaneous, related changes (cf. the third category in Table 3.1).
Subjectification, scope, and word order
Authors: Fischer Olga 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Subjectifcation (sometimes also termed ‘subjectivization’) is a phenomenon that often coincides with the process of grammaticalization, especially with the early stages of the process, which according to grammaticalization theorists are characterized by pragmatic enrichment. Traugott (1982, 1989), Sweetser (1990) (and see also the articles in Stein and Wright 1995, and Brinton 1996) show how in many cases of grammaticalization there is a development towards greater subjectivity in that there is a tendency for meanings to become increasingly based in the speaker’s subjective attitude towards a proposition. Connections have also been observed between subjectivity and word order.
Toward a usage-based theory of morphosyntactic change: summary and conclusions
Authors: Fischer Olga 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this volume I have compared two models for morphosyntactic change which in many ways are each other’s opposites. Where grammaticalization theory is primarily interested in shifts in language utterances and in the semantic-pragmatic motivations behind the shifts, the generative model lays great store by the forms and structures of language, and considers the locus of change to be the individual grammar system rather than language output (cf. §§2.1, 2.2).
The Mental Problems of the Many
Authors: Unger Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many years ago, I blush to recall, I published some arguments against the existence of all sorts of commonly supposed entities-against rocks and desks, plants and planets, stars and salt shakers, human brains and bodies, and, perish the thought, against us human thinking experiencers, including even the one who ‘s me. By contrast, now I ‘m trying to develop, in a book I ‘ve been long writing, a humanly realistic philosophy, wherein my existence, and yours, has the status of a quite undeniable philosophic datum.
Law, policy-making, and the contemporary family
Authors: Almond Brenda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, family structure, marriage, and divorce were looked at in terms of the question, what do children want? Even apart from this question, however, policy-makers take seriously the effects changes in these areas may have on children, and so it would be useful to keep in mind a distinction that emerged in earlier chapters between two functions of marriage: the first, individual — two people’s emotional desire or need for each other — the second social — raising children who will later form the nucleus of society. People can, in the end, only determine for themselves how they will behave in relation to the first, and, in a free society, they must be allowed to do so.
Family, identity, and community
Authors: Almond Brenda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In widening discussion to the broader social and political functions of the family, it is worth recalling where we began: with reflection on the position of individual human beings, each driven by a need to form a deep bond with another person, not only to escape the loneliness of the human condition, but also to become, together with another person, part of something that could transcend the ephemeral nature of individual existence. However, this picture would not be complete without recognition of the wider context in which this basic nucleus of human communities functions. Whatever the origins of today’s human beings, there has undoubtedly been a dramatic increase from a small number of common forebears in the lost terrain of prehistory to the crowded contemporary world. Two centuries in particular saw a dramatic escalation of numbers.
Seriality and Demonstration in Aristotle’s Ontology
Authors: Fraser Kyle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Aristotle’s ontological framework, non-substances are defined as those entities that exist in virtue of inhering in a substrate On account of their essential dependency on the category of substance the non-substances are held to be definable only in a secondary and derivative way, which Aristotle designates at Metaphysics as definition ‘by addition’ Each non-substance contains, as part of its explanatory definition, the name or definition of the substance kind in which it essentially inheres, just as male and female must be defined as properties of animals, snubness as a property of noses, or colour as a property of surfaces. The non-substances are not only accidentally dependent on the category of substance; their derivative status is built into their essential being. Thus, for example, while pallor is per se independent of Callias or Socrates, or any individual who just happens to be pale, it is essentially dependent on ‘surface’ and must be defined by the inclusion of ‘surface’ in its explanatory account (1029616-17). Leaving aside the per accidens entanglements of the non-substances, we discover that every nonsubstance is essentially the predicate of some substance kind, and thus can be said to have an ‘essence’ only in a derivative way.
Qualities and Bodies: Alexander Against the Stoics
Authors: Kupreeva Inna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to examine the relation between the Stoic notion of quality and Aristotelian form on the basis of some discussions in Alexander of Aphrodisias, the leading Peripatetic of the late second century AD, who expended a considerable effort on criticism of the Stoic system, while recognizing a number of shared goals and principles.
Revised proof for the uniqueness theorem for ‘no collapse’ interpretations of quantum mechanics
Authors: Clifton Rob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bub and Clifton (1996) proved a uniqueness theorem for ‘no col­ lapse’ interpretations of quantum mechanics. The proof was repeated, with minor modifications, in Bub (1997). The original proof involved a ‘weak separability’ assumption (introduced to avoid a dimensionality constraint) that required several preliminary definitions and considerably complicated the formulation of the theorem. Sheldon Goldstein has pointed out that the proof goes through without this assumption. The question at issue is this: Consider an arbitrary ‘pure’ quantum state represented by a ray e on a Hilbert space 1t and the Boolean algebra or lattice, B(R), generated by the eigenspaces of a single observable R on Ji. The probabilities defined bye for the ranges of values of R can be represented by a probability measure over the 2­valued homomorphisms on B(R). What is the maximal
Lorentz­invariance in modal interpretations
Authors: Clifton Rob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Bell’s theorem tells us that any interpretation of quantum mechanics must fail to satisfy Bell’s locality condition, the question of Lorentz­invariance is apparently left open by Bell’s theorem. In­ deed, it has been argued by many that nonlocality is compatible with Lorentz­invariance, given certain interpretations of the latter, or of the former. Some give a ‘weak’ interpretation of Lorentz­ invariance, compatible with a ‘strong’ violation of locality. For example, Bohm’s (1952) theory violates locality in a way that requires a preferred frame; but empirical Lorentz­invariance is preserved in the Bohm theory ­ there is no experiment that could determine the preferred frame. (See, for example, Valentini (199la,b), Bohm and Hiley (1993), and Cushing (1994).) On the other hand, ‘orthodox’ interpretations of special relativity maintain a notion of ‘fundamental
Complementarity between position and momentum as a consequence of Kochen­Specker arguments
Authors: Clifton Rob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Complementarity is the idea that mutually exclusive pictures are needed for a complete description of quantum­mechanical reality. The paradigm example is the complementarity between particle and wave (or ‘spacetime’ and ‘causal’) pictures, which Bohr took to be reflected in the uncertainty relation LixLip 2: h. Bohr saw this relation as defining the latitude of applicability of the concepts of position and momentum to a single system, not just as putting a limit on our ability to predict the values of both position and momentum within an ensemble of identically prepared systems. Furthermore, right at the start of his celebrated reply to the Einstein­Podolsky­ Rosen (EPR) argument against the completeness of quantum the­
The subtleties of entanglement and its role in quantum information theory
Authors: Clifton Rob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For years, since the EPR ‘paradox’ (1935) and Schrodinger’s (1935, 1936) work on entanglement in the 1930s, philosophers of science have struggled to understand quantum correlations. By the end of the 1960s, Bell’s theorem (1964) became widely recognized as establishing that these correlations cannot be explained through the operation of local common causes. Yet it was also clear that, by themselves, quantum correlations cannot be exploited to transmit information between the locations of entangled systems. Many metaphors were developed by philosophers in the 1970s and 1980s to characterize these apparently nonlocal yet curiously benign correlations. They were variously taken to involve ‘passion­at­a­ distance’, ‘nonrobustness’, ‘relational holism’, and ‘randomness in harmony’ (see, respectively, the contributions of Shimony, Redhead, Teller and Fine to Cushing and McMullin (1989)).
Counterpossibles and Similarity
Authors: Laan David Vander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Several themes of David Lewis’s theory of counterfactuals, especially their sensitivity to context, pave the way for a viable theory of non-trivial counter possible. If Lewis was successful in defending his account against the early objections, a semantics of counter possible can be defended from similar objections in the same way. The resulting theory will be extended to address ‘might’ counterfactuals and questions about the relative ‘nearness’ of impossible worlds. David Letterman once asked his audience, ‘Based on what you know about him in history books, what do you think Abraham Lincoln would be doing if he were alive today? One, writing his memoirs of the Civil War. Two, advising the President. Three, desperately clawing at the inside of his coffin.’ We are being asked to evaluate the counterfactual David Lewis has had some important insights into how we are to understand counterfactuals of this sort, and these insights help us see how to think about counter possibles, i.e., counterfactuals with impossible antecedents, such as if Hitler had time-travelled into the past and killed himself as an infant, then World War II would not have occurred.A Lewisian semantics for counterfactuals can be extended in such a way that counterpossibles are treated as false or as non-trivially true. The context-sensitivity of counterfactuals and a distinction between certain types of contextual influence, both highlighted by Lewis, take on an even greater importance in the case of counterpossibles. Though Lewis would endorse neither the semantics to be proposed nor its underlying ontology, the proposed account is Lewisian in spirit. In fact, the primary objection to the extended semantics parallels many of the early objections to Lewis’s original semantics. If Lewis was successful in defending his account against these, a semantics of counterpossibles can be defended from similar objections in the same way.