bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract TP36: Parvalbumin Inhibitory Interneurons in Post-Stroke Recovery: Insights from Imaging and Optogenetics
Authors: Schloss Kaelyn , Wang Xiaodan , Bice Annie , Lee Jin-moo , Bauer Adam 
Published: January 2025

Stroke, the leading cause of adult disability, necessitates new therapeutic strategies informed by a deeper understanding of brain repair mechanisms. This pilot study investigates the role of parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PV-INs) in post-stroke recovery using wide-field optical imaging (WFOI) and optogenetics. PV-INs, the largest subclass of GABAergic interneurons, are crucial in regulating cortical excitability and mediating activity-dependent plasticity. However, their specific function in stroke recovery remains unclear.
Here we use 5 aged mice expressing Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in PV-INs and the red-shifted genetically encoded calcium indicator, jRGECO1a, driven by the Thy1 promoter to allow for simultaneous optogenetic targeting of PV-INs and mesoscopic imaging of excitatory activity. Photothrombosis was induced in the left primary somatosensory forepaw cortex and subsequent optogenetic photostimulation of PV-INs, calcium, and hemodynamic imaging was conducted pre- and post-stroke to map PV-IN circuitry and assess changes in cortical activity.
Preliminary results revealed significant disruptions in homotopic resting-state functional connectivity and cortical activity one-week post-stroke. Power maps indicated reduced activity in the somatosensory, hindpaw, and parietal cortices, with electrical forepaw stimulation showing decreased activity in both left and right primary somatosensory forepaw regions. Contralesional excitation increased in the retrosplenial and parietal cortices during forepaw stimulation. Further, optogenetic stimulation of PV-INs pre-stroke showed increased inhibition, while post-stroke stimulation resulted in less ipsilesional inhibition and more global excitation. Behavioral assessments using the cylinder rearing test indicated a 26% decrease in right forepaw use post-stroke, aligning with imaging findings.
Ongoing studies aim to extend these observations by including a larger cohort of aged mice and a cohort of young mice at 1-, 4-, and 8- weeks post-stroke to examine age-related differences in PV-IN-mediated plasticity during stroke recovery. These studies will elucidate the critical contributions of PV-INs to post-stroke plasticity and recovery, potentially guiding new therapeutic approaches for stroke rehabilitation.
Abstract TP400: Defining The Role Of Cortical Disinhibition In The Development Of Post-stroke Neurologic Complications
Authors: Kelly Sean , Robins Olivia 
Published: January 2025

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the US, occurring when the blood supply to an area of the brain is disrupted. Such vascular insults may impact different brain areas responsible for neurologic functions ranging from the generation of movement to language, executive cognitive performance, and mood. Clinicians consider strokes as macroscopic events affecting structures such as cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem. However, each of these is comprised of circuitry involving multiple neuronal cell types, each with stratified metabolic requirements and distinct firing patterns that impact susceptibility to ischemia. Many strokes affect neocortex, a 6-layered cellular sheet containing excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal projection neurons (~80%) and inhibitory local GABAergic interneurons (~18%) assembled into circuits that are elaborated across different cortical areas..
In the weeks following a stroke many patients experience unanticipated neurologic issues that disrupt their recovery and lead to additional suffering. These secondary complications fall into the categories of mood disorders (occurring in 31% of stroke survivors), seizure (3-7%), movement disorders (4%), and cognitive decline (11%). While some therapies exist, complications are often inadequately treated and the causes remain poorly understood as they relate to specific pathologic changes in local cortical circuits. Using a combination of photothrombotic lesions and fluorescent microparticle injection as models for focal ischemic stroke, we designed experiments to define the subpopulations of cortical neuron most susceptible to cell death and dysfunction following ischemic stroke.

Using genetic driver mice to label canonical GABAergic (PV, VIP, SST) and glutamatergic neuronal cell types, we provide the first quantitative evidence that neural subtypes have differential susceptibility to ischemia in peri-infarct regions, and complete
in vivo
2-photon imaging of the onset of ischemic cell death in medial prefrontal cortex and motor cortex using virally-encoded apoptosis markers. Using a combination of Gcamp voltage sensors and EEG. we also present an approach for recurrent monitoring of post-stroke neuronal activity changes leading to organizing network hyperexcitability in ischemic penumbrae. These results lay a foundation for investigation of cell type specific therapies to mitigate the maladaptive effect local cortical disinhibition following stroke.
Characterizing the spatial patterns and determinants of cerebrospinal fluid pseudorandom flow in the human brain with low b-value diffusion MRI
Authors: Nazeri Arash , Hosseini Helia , Dehkharghanian Taher , Lindsay Kevin E. , LaMontagne Pamela , Shimony Joshua S. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Sotiras Aristeidis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis and clearance, and impairments in its flow can lead to various brain disorders. Recent studies have shown that CSF effective motility can be interrogated using low b-value diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (low-b dMRI). Nevertheless, the spatial organization of intracranial CSF flow dynamics remains largely elusive. Here, we developed a whole-brain voxel-based analysis framework, termed CSF pseudo-diffusion spatial statistics (CΨSS), to examine CSF mean pseudo-diffusivity (MΨ), a measure of CSF flow magnitude derived from low-b dMRI. We showed that intracranial CSF MΨ demonstrates characteristic covariance patterns by employing seed-based correlation analysis. Next, we applied non-negative matrix factorization analysis to further elucidate the covariance patterns of CSF MΨ in a hypothesis-free, data-driven way. We identified 10 distinct CSF compartments with high reproducibility and reliability, reflected by a high mean adjusted Rand index with a low standard deviation (0.82 [SD: 0.018]) in split-half analyses of the discovery multimodal aging dataset (n = 187). The identified patterns displayed similar MΨ across three replication datasets. In discovery and replication multimodal aging cohorts (unique n = 264), our study revealed that age, sex, brain atrophy, ventricular anatomy, and cerebral perfusion differentially influence MΨ across these CSF spaces. Notably, of the 35 individuals exhibiting anomalous CSF flow patterns, five displayed clinically consequential incidental findings on multimodal neuroradiological examinations, which were not observed in other participants (p = 3.04 × 10-5). Our work sets forth a new paradigm to study CSF flow, with potential applications in clinical settings.
Understanding “World Literature” in China Today
Authors: Liu Yan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This essay will analyse how Goethe’s “Weltliteratur” is interpreted and re-invented in China in the twenty-first century mainly by reviewing selective essays published in the Chinese journal Comparative Literature in China. The analysis reveals how Chinese scholars strive to engage actively in the international discussions of the concept and to chart a map of world literature by offering Chinese perspectives. One such attempt is to trace a parallel development line of similar ideas in Chinese literary history whereas another is to emphasize the position of Chinese literature in the picture of world literature, especially by incorporating overseas Chinese literature into comparative literary studies with the intention to enlarge the scope of reference of Chineseness. These attempts reflect the growing confidence of Chinese scholars to secure our position in the global development of world literature and world literature studies.
Money Demand and Off-Balance Sheet Liquidity: Empirical Analysis and Implications for Monetary Policy
Authors: GLICK REUVEN , PLAUT STEVEN E. 
Published: January 2025

In recent years, off-balance sheet credit facilities have grown dramatically and now represent the most prevalent contractual framework within which commercial and industrial borrowing from banks occurs. One important role of these facilities is to provide liquidity to bank customers that acts as a substitute for on-balance sheet liquidity or "money.” This paper discusses empirical evidence of the substitutability between on- and off-balance sheet liquidity for the business sector. It also discusses the implications of this relationship for interest rate determination and monetary policy. In particular, it is argued that monetary policy should pay more attention to off-balance sheet liquidity when choosing targets and operating procedures.
The Information Content of Funds Statement Ratios
Authors: BARLEV BENZION , LIVNAT JOSHUA 
Published: January 2025

This study examines the incremental information content of funds statement ratios. The funds statement ratios are presumed to have incremental information content when the association with security returns is stronger than when only balance sheet and income statement ratios are used. The empirical results indicate that funds statement ratios possess incremental information content. Moreover, funds statement ratios seem to be more highly correlated with security returns than traditional ratios that are based on the balance sheet and income statement. These results are robust to various specifications of the variables.
Factors Influencing Help-seeking Behavior for Mental Health Among Distressed Young Adults: A Path Analysis Model
Authors: Sanghvi Prachi , Chandrashekhar Priyesh , Mehrotra Seema , Sharma Manoj Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Background: There seems to be a relationship between barriers of distress-perception and stigma to consult a mental health professional (MHP), help-seeking inclination from MHP, help negation, and encouragement from significant others (SO) to consult MHP in bringing about a change in help-seeking behavior. However, these have not been studied in tandem. This study aimed to explore the relationship between factors influencing help-seeking behavior among distressed, non-treatment-seeking young adults (D-NTS) for common mental health concerns following the ReachOut intervention. Methods: A total of 109 D-NTS aged 20–35 engaged with ReachOut were recruited online using purposive and snowball sampling. ReachOut was aimed at enhancing professional help-seeking. Participants were assessed at baseline and one month post-intervention for help-seeking barriers, inclination, and encouragement from SO. Help-seeking behavior from MHP was evaluated at a two-month follow-up. Inferential statistics in the form of Spearman’s rho correlation, logistic regression, and path analysis were computed. Results: Regression analysis revealed a significant model (χ2 = 34.53, P < .001) with an R2 value of 0.52. Help-seeking inclination from MHP (B = 0.711, P = .037), help negation (B = −0.452, P = .039), and encouragement from SO to consult MHP (B = 1.942, P = .008) at post-assessment were significant predictors of help-seeking behavior, assessed at follow-up. The SEM hypothesized for path analysis with help-seeking behavior as the outcome was a good fit. Conclusion: Help-seeking decisions are complex processes influenced by an intricate interplay of internal and external factors. A comprehensive examination of these elements simultaneously provides valuable insights for tailoring interventions and strategies aimed at enhancing help-seeking behavior in D-NTS young adults. Trial registration: The intervention trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN14504454).
A Prospective Pilot Study Demonstrating Noninvasive Calibration-Free Glucose Measurement
Authors: Rothenbühler Martina , Lizoain Aritz , Rebeaud Fabien , Perotte Adler , Stoffel Marc , DeVries J. Hans 
Published: January 2025

Background: Glucose is an essential molecule in energy metabolism. Dysregulated glucose metabolism, the defining feature of diabetes, requires active monitoring and treatment to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. Current technologies for intermittent and continuous glucose measurement are invasive. Noninvasive glucose measurement would eliminate this barrier toward making glucose monitoring more accessible, extending the benefits from people living with diabetes to prediabetes and the healthy. Methods: A novel spectroscopy-based system for measuring glucose noninvasively was used in an exploratory, prospective, single-center clinical study (NCT06272136) to develop and test a machine learning-based computational model for continuous glucose monitoring without per-subject calibration. The study design blinded the development investigators to the validation analyses. Results: Twenty subjects were enrolled. Fifteen were used for the development set, and five in the validation set. All study participants were adults with insulin-treated diabetes and median glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.3% (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.7-7.7). The computational model resulted in a mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 14.5% and 96.5% of the paired glucose data points in the A plus B zones of the Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) error grid. The correlation between the average model sensitivity by wavelength and the spectrum of glucose was 0.45 ( P < .001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Raman spectroscopy coupled with advanced computational methods can enable continuous, noninvasive glucose measurement without per-subject invasive calibration.
Efficacy and safety of the activin signalling inhibitor, sotatercept, in a pooled analysis of PULSAR and STELLAR studies
Authors: Hoeper Marius M. , Gomberg-Maitland Mardi , Badesch David B. , Gibbs J. Simon R. , Grünig Ekkehard , Kopeć Grzegorz , McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Meyer Gisela , Olsson Karen M. , Preston Ioana R. , Rosenkranz Stephan , Souza Rogerio , Waxman Aaron B. , Perchenet Loïc , Strait James , Xing Aiwen , Manimaran Solaiappan , Wang Xuelong , Miller Barry , Cornell Alexandra G. , de Oliveira Pena Janethe , Ghofrani H. Ardeschir , Humbert Marc 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sotatercept is a first-in-class activin signalling inhibitor that acts to restore the balance between the growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting signalling pathways.MethodsThis post-hoc, exploratory, pooled analysis combines data from the double-blind placebo periods of the phase 2 PULSAR (NCT03496207) and phase 3 STELLAR (NCT04576988) studies. Both studies were international, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with PAH. Efficacy and safety parameters common to both studies were analysed.ResultsA total of 429 patients were randomised and treated; 237 received sotatercept and 192 received placebo. Adding sotatercept to background PAH therapy for 24 weeks improved exercise capacity (as assessed by 6-min walk distance), pulmonary vascular resistance, World Health Organization functional class, and delayed time to first occurrence of death or clinical worsening event. There were clinically important reductions in both pulmonary and right heart pressures; improvements in right ventricle (RV) size during both systole and diastole; and enhancements in RV contractility and RV-pulmonary artery coupling. The number of patients who experienced at least one adverse event of interest or special interest (increased haemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, bleeding events [mostly epistaxis], increased blood pressure, and telangiectasia) was higher in the sotatercept group than the placebo group.DiscussionThis pooled analysis confirms that sotatercept delivers therapeutic benefit across a range of efficacy endpoints and has favourable safety in patients with PAH. Increased duration of follow-up will provide further insight into long-term outcomes of sotatercept in patients with PAH.
Longitudinal association between hemoglobin and lung function with insights into the incidence of airflow obstruction: an observational study
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Kim Yun Tae , Leem Ah Young , Jung Ji Ye , Kim Young Sam , Park Youngmok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background/Aims
Evidence regarding the long-term association between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and lung function in individuals from the general population is scarce. This study aimed to determine the longitudinal association between Hb levels and lung function in a community-based population cohort in South Korea.

Methods
We used linear mixed regression analysis to evaluate the longitudinal associations between Hb levels and lung function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC. Additionally, we used a generalized estimating equation to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of airflow obstruction (AO) according to the Hb level.

Results
Over an 8-year biennial follow-up of 4,468 individuals (median age, 53.9 years; men, 49.0%), we observed that in men, Hb levels were positively associated with lung function (estimated values of FVC: 16.7 mL, FEV1: 15.5 mL, FEV1/FVC: 0.18%; all P < 0.001) and a decreased incidence of AO (OR = 0.83, P < 0.001). In women, Hb levels were positively associated with FVC but not with FEV1 or FEV1/FVC (estimated values of FVC: 4.7 mL, P = 0.045; FEV1: 3.1 mL, P = 0.142; FEV1/FVC: 0.01%, P = 0.838). The incidence of AO was not significantly different among women (OR = 0.93, P = 0.568). In postmenopausal women, higher Hb levels were associated with increased lung function (estimated values of FVC: 11.8 mL, P < 0.001; FEV1: 9.8 mL, P < 0.001; FEV1/FVC: 0.09%, P = 0.052), but the incidence of AO was not statistically significant (OR = 0.82, P = 0.129).

Conclusions
A decreased Hb level was associated with reduced lung function and an increased incidence of AO in men.
Clinical performance of class II MOD fiber reinforced resin composite restorations: an 18-month randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Hamdy , Abouauf Eman Ali , Mosallam Rania Sayed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In recent years, there have been suggestions for new restorative strategies that aim to effectively utilize modern adhesive technologies and protect the remaining intact tooth structure. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical performance of fiber reinforced resin composites in restoring Class II MOD cavities over 18 months.

Methods
Forty-five participants with class II MOD cavities were randomly enrolled. The participants were allocated to three groups (n = 15): Group (1) short glass fiber reinforced resin composite (EverX Posterior), Group (2) polyethylene fiber (Ribbond-Ultra) reinforced resin composite and Group (3) only conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250). The modified USPHS criteria were used to evaluate the restorations at baseline; and at three, six, 12 and 18 months. The categorical data were reported as frequencies and percentages. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed using Chi-Square test after Bonferroni correction (P ≤ 0.016). Comparisons within each group were analyzed using Cochran’s Q test after Bonferroni correction (P ≤ 0.005).

Results
Intergroup comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in any of the evaluated criteria except for color match. Compared with the other groups, the short glass fiber-reinforced restoration group presented significantly fewer color matches at different follow-up periods.

Conclusions
Class II direct fiber-reinforced resin composite restorations can offer acceptable performance similar to the nanohybrid resin composite through 18-month of clinical service.

Clinical significance
Fiber reinforcement of resin composites could be a reliable technique for restoring posterior cavities considering factors such as application complexity, cost and aesthetic considerations.

Trial registration
The trial was registered retrospectively on (19/05/2022) at https://clinicaltrials.gov with the ID (NCT05380973).
Everyday activity strategies perceived by people with advanced cancer: a qualitative explorative study
Authors: Cour Karen la , Oestergaard Lisa Gregersen , Pilegaard Marc Sampedro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite growing research on the daily life of people with advanced cancer, more specific knowledge is needed about the specific strategies these people use to manage everyday activities.

Purpose
This study explores how people with advanced cancer manage their everyday activities and describe their specific strategies.

Methods
The qualitative study was designed with an explorative approach. Data from 28 people with advanced cancer was drawn from a trial including qualitative interviews to elicit participants’ perceptions about managing their everyday activities. Interviews were conducted in participants’ homes and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Within an overarching theme of keeping ‘Daily life as usual’, the findings unfold participants’ specific strategies identified within two sub-themes ‘, Upholding routines’ and ‘Activity adaptations’. Upholding routines related to 1) Personal care and household and 2) Leisure-, social- and work-life. Activity adaptation about 1) Working with and around physical limitations; 2) Sharing, delegating, and letting go; and 3) Enlisting ‘outside’ support.

Conclusion
This study specified participants’ specific and distinct self-developed strategies within routines and activity adaptations. The strategies reflect participants’ needs for maintaining functioning while relieving pain and mourning, which holds essential potential for informing person-centred intervention development integrating rehabilitation in palliative care.