bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentric Study on the Clinical Mycology Capacity and Access to Antifungal Treatment in Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Raquel , Sabino Raquel , Cunha Cristina , Cornely Oliver A. , Carvalho Agostinho , Salmanton-García Jon ,   PT Group for IFI Management Capacity, Batista Joana , Carvalho Dinah , Coutinho Adriana , Cunha Flávia , Gonçalves Augusta , Gouveia Catarina , Guerra Maio António , Machado e Costa Augusto , Pinheiro Dolores , Póvoa Pedro , Ramalheira Elmano , Santos Valentina , Silva Ana Cristina , Videira Zélia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe success of the clinical management of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) is highly dependent on suitable tools for timely and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. An in-depth analysis of the ability of European institutions to promptly and accurately diagnose IFD was previously conducted to identify limitations and aspects to improve. Here, we evaluated and discussed the specific case of Portugal, for which, to our knowledge, there are no reports describing the national mycological diagnostic capacity and access to antifungal treatment. Data from 16 Portuguese medical institutions were collected via an online electronic case report form covering different parameters, including institution profile, self-perceived IFD incidence, target patients, diagnostic methods and reagents, and available antifungals. The majority of participating institutions (69%) reported a low-very low incidence of IFD, with Candida spp. indicated as the most relevant fungal pathogen, followed by Aspergillus spp. and Cryptococcus spp. All institutions had access to culture and microscopy, whereas 94 and 88% were able to run antigen-detection assays and molecular tests, respectively. All of the institutions capable of providing antifungal therapy declared to have access to at least one antifungal. However, echinocandins were only available at 85% of the sites. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was reported to remain a very restricted practice in Portugal, being available in 19% of the institutions, with the TDM of itraconazole and posaconazole performed in only 6% of them. Importantly, several of these resources are outsourced to external entities. Except for TDM, Portugal appears to be well-prepared concerning the overall capacity to diagnose and treat IFD. Future efforts should focus on promoting the widespread availability of TDM and improved access to multiple classes of antifungals, to further improve patient outcomes.
Changes in prospectively collected patient-reported outcomes among women with incident endometrial cancer
Authors: Sinnott Jennifer A. , Torkashvand Elaheh , Meade Caitlin E. , Salani Ritu , Vetter Monica Hagan , Hall Bobbie , Skolnick Rebecca , Bixel Kristin L. , Cohn David E. , Cosgrove Casey M. , Copeland Larry J. , Hebert Courtney , Felix Ashley S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We examined associations between patient and treatment characteristics with longitudinally collected patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to provide a data-informed description of the experiences of women undergoing treatment for endometrial cancer.

Methods
We administered National Institutes of Health Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires at the preoperative visit and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, physical function, and ability to participate in social roles were assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear mixed models were used to examine associations between patient characteristics and PRO measures at baseline and through time.

Results
Of 187 women enrolled, 174 (93%) and 103 (69%) completed the 6- and 12-month questionnaires, respectively. Anxiety was substantially elevated at baseline (half of one population-level standard deviation) and returned to general population mean levels at 6 and 12 months. Younger age, Medicaid/None/Self-pay insurance, prevalent diabetes, and current smoking were associated with higher symptom burden on multiple PRO measures across the three time points. Women with aggressive histology, higher disease stage, or those with adjuvant treatment had worse fatigue at 6 months, which normalized by 12 months.

Conclusions
We observed a high symptom burden at endometrial cancer diagnosis, with most PRO measures returning to general population means by 1 year. Information on risk factor-PRO associations can be used during the clinical visit to inform supportive service referral.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
These findings can inform clinicians’ discussions with endometrial cancer survivors regarding expected symptom trajectory following diagnosis and treatment.
The Association Between Branched-Chain Amino Acid Concentrations and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Gao Qi , Bi Dan , Li Bingbing , Ni Min , Pang Dizhou , Li Xian , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Yiran , Zhao Qiang , Zhu Changlian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral studies have linked branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism disorders with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between BCAA concentrations and the risk of ASD. A total of 313 participants were recruited from two tertiary referral hospitals from May 2018 to July 2021. Concentrations of BCAAs in dried blood spots were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based analysis. Multivariate analyses and restricted cubic spline models were used to identify the association between BCAAs and the risk of ASD, and a nomogram was developed by using multivariate logistic regression and the risk was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and calibration curve analysis. Concentrations of total BCAA, valine, and leucine/isoleucine were higher in the ASD group, and all of them were positively and non-linearly associated with the risk of ASD even after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, gender, body mass index, and concentrations of BCAAs (P < 0.05). The nomogram integrating total BCAA and valine showed a good discriminant AUC value of 0.756 (95% CI 0.676–0.835). The model could yield net benefits across a reasonable range of risk thresholds. In the stratified analysis, the diagnostic ability of the model was more pronounced in children older than 3 years. We provide evidence that increased levels of BCAAs are associated with the risk of ASD, and the nomogram model of BCAAs presented here can serve as a marker for the early diagnosis of ASD.
PGC-1α activation boosts exercise-dependent cellular response in the skeletal muscle
Authors: Mozaffaritabar Soroosh , Koltai Erika , Zhou Lei , Bori Zoltan , Kolonics Attila , Kujach Sylwester , Gu Yaodong , Koike Atsuko , Boros Anita , Radák Zsolt 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator alpha (PGC-1α) in fat metabolism is not well known. In this study, we compared the mechanisms of muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression and exercise-related adaptation-dependent fat metabolism. PGC-1α trained (PGC-1α Ex) and wild-trained (wt-ex) mice were trained for 10 weeks, five times a week at 30 min per day with 60 percent of their maximal running capacity. The PGC-1α overexpressed animals exhibited higher levels of Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-α), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Lon protease homolog 1 (LONP1), citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA), Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41), and Phosphatidylcholine Cytidylyltransferase 2 (PCYT2), and lower levels of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) compared to wild-type animals. Exercise training increased the protein content levels of SIRT1, HSL, and ATGL in both the wt-ex and PGC-1α trained groups. PGC-1α has a complex role in cellular signaling, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism-associated proteins. Our data reveals that although exercise training mimics the effects of PGC-1α overexpression, it incorporates some PGC-1α-independent adaptive mechanisms in fat uptake and cell signaling.
Welchen Effekt haben Lehramtsaufgaben auf die Wahrnehmung von Studierenden zur doppelten Diskontinuität?
Authors: Weber Birke-Johanna , Heinze Aiso , Lindmeier Anke 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Viele Lehramtsstudierende haben Schwierigkeiten, Verbindungen zwischen der Mathematik, die sie an der Hochschule lernen, und der Mathematik, die sie später in der Schule unterrichten sollen, zu erkennen. Dieses Phänomen wurde von Klein (1908) als doppelte Diskontinuität beschrieben und beschäftigt die Lehramtsausbildung noch heute. Mittlerweile haben verschiedene Hochschulen sogenannte Lehramtsaufgaben in ihre Lehre integriert, um diesem Problem entgegenzuwirken und Verbindungen zwischen Schul- und Hochschulmathematik explizit zu adressieren. Ergebnisse dazu, inwiefern Lehramtsaufgaben tatsächlich einer wahrgenommenen doppelten Diskontinuität entgegenwirken, gibt es bisher allerdings nur vereinzelt. Die in diesem Beitrag berichtete Fragebogen-Feldstudie mit 98 Studierenden in einer Treatmentgruppe von Gymnasiallehramtsstudierenden und Vergleichsgruppe Fachstudierender zielt daher darauf ab, erste Befunde zur Frage nach der Auswirkung von Lehramtsaufgaben auf die Wahrnehmung der doppelten Diskontinuität zu ergänzen. In der Studie bewirkten Lehramtsaufgaben keine Erhöhung der wahrgenommenen Relevanz von Hochschulmathematik für den Lehrberuf, konnten aber einem Absinken ebendieser vermutlich vorbeugen. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich in dieser Studie erwartungsgemäß, dass sich der Einsatz von Lehramtsaufgaben positiv auf die Wahrnehmung von Verbindungen zwischen Schul- und Hochschulmathematik auswirken kann. Ersteres bestärkt vorhandene Forschungsbefunde, Letzteres wurde in bisherigen Studien noch nicht einheitlich beobachtet. Es werden Ansatzpunkte für weiterführende Forschung zur hochschuldidaktischen Lehrinnovation der Lehramtsaufgaben abgeleitet.
XGB-SEGA coupled energy saving method for wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Wang Zijian , Zhou Xuwen , Wang Hao , Huang Zehan , Ji Jiantao , Peng Zhaoxu , Jiang Kun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo reduce the amount of energy consumed in wastewater treatment plants, nine methods were used to select the key operation parameters that affected energy consumption according to daily operation records, and an intelligent operation management system based on a genetic algorithm was constructed by mapping the relationships between energy consumption and the key operation parameters. The results showed that the prediction and management of energy consumption could be achieved by incorporating the strengthened elastic genetic algorithm into the extreme gradient boosting model. The main parameters affecting energy consumption were the influent flow rate, effluent total nitrogen, NH4+–N loading rate, etc., and the energy consumption could be reduced by 13–27% (with an average of 22%). The parameters were all selected from the daily operation records of the wastewater treatment plant, and no additional complex data acquisition system was needed to collect specific parameters. This study provided a cost-effective strategy to reduce energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants.
On the thermodynamic entropy in the microcanonical ensemble of classical systems
Authors: Yi Juyeon , Choi M. Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate that the surface entropy given by the volume of an energy shell in the phase space can be the thermodynamically consistent entropy in a classical microcanonical ensemble if the thickness of the energy shell is not an arbitrary constant but a non-extensive function satisfying a specific differential equation. A particular form of the energy shell thickness as a possible solution to the differential equation converts the surface entropy into the volume entropy given by the phase-space volume bounded by a constant energy surface. However, such a form bears a problem: The temperature derived accordingly becomes extensive when the density of states is a non-monotonic function of energy. Based on the adiabatic invariance of the degeneracy of a quantum system and the Weyl correspondence, we propose an alternative solution: the energy shell thickness given by the energy level spacing in the quantum counterpart of the classical ensemble considered, which is illustrated by a few simple examples.
Muscle weakness is more strongly associated with functional outcomes in patients with stroke than sarcopenia or muscle wasting: an observational study
Authors: Nozoe Masafumi , Kubo Hiroki , Yamamoto Miho , Ikeji Rio , Seike Haruka , Majima Kazuki , Shimada Shinichi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke-related sarcopenia is an important prognosis factor and an intervention target for improving outcomes in patients with stroke.

Aim
This study aimed to identify the association between sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, muscle weakness, muscle mass and calf circumference, and the functional outcomes 3 months after stroke.

Methods
In this single-centre prospective observational study, muscle strength, muscle mass, and calf circumference were measured in patients with acute stroke at hospital discharge. Diagnosis of sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, muscle weakness, low muscle mass, and low calf circumference were defined according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. The primary outcome measure was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months, with an mRS score of 3 or higher indicating a poor outcome. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine independent associations between each assessment and functional outcomes.

Results
A total of 247 patients (median age: 73 years) were included in this study. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 28% (n = 70), and in the adjusted model, sarcopenia (aOR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.07–6.31, p = 0.034), muscle weakness (aOR = 3.40, 95% CI 1.36–8.52, p = 0.009), and low muscle mass (aOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.04–6.52) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome. Nevertheless, other evaluations did not demonstrate an independent association with the outcome.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia, muscle weakness, and low muscle mass were found to be independently associated with functional outcomes 3 months after stroke, and muscle weakness exhibited the strongest association with outcomes among them.
Statistical Analysis of the Vibrations Transmitted From an Electric Kick Scooter to Riders
Authors: Vella A. D. , Digo E. , Gastaldi L. , Pastorelli S. , Vigliani A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, micro-vehicles have been increasingly involved in urban mobility following the actual trend towards light, more affordable, and eco-friendly means of transportation. Among this vehicle category, the electric kick scooters (e-scooters) represent the most popular example driven by app-based sharing mobility services. Despite the positive implications, poor safety requirements and issues of discomfort are also related to this new segment. The recent spread of e-scooters is motivating the scientific community in investigating performance and ride comfort, in the attempt of improving vehicle design and safety regulations. The aim of this study is to evaluate e-scooter vibrations in driving in a realistic environment, constituted by bike path with seven speed bumps. Fourteen healthy young participants (seven males and seven females) are asked to conduct the test at two different constant velocities ($$5$$

5

km/h and $$25$$

25

km/h). Accelerations are acquired at the main human body segments as well as on the e-scooter. The assessment is based on identifying maxima and root mean squares from signal time histories. A non-parametrical statistical analysis is performed focusing on vibrations transmitted from vehicle to human body, e-scooter velocity, and some rider’s characteristics such as gender, mass, dominant arm, and dominant foot. Root mean squares and tests at low velocity generally underline a larger number of significant differences. Moreover, the parameter which mostly influences the system is the rider’s mass. Overall, the proposed methodology proves to be an efficient tool to investigate the vehicle-rider vibrational influence.
Regionale politische Kulturen: Demokratische Einstellungen in den deutschen Bundesländern
Authors: Reiser Marion , Hebenstreit Jörg , Küppers Anne 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Special Issue beleuchtet demokratische Einstellungen in den deutschen Bundesländern vor dem Hintergrund der Polykrise. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei den Ländermonitoren zu, die als Datenquellen der politischen Kulturforschung bislang weitestgehend unbeachtet blieben. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen eine hohe Legitimität der Demokratie, jedoch zeigen sich regionale Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Demokratiezufriedenheit und des Institutionenvertrauens – diese betreffen sowohl das Niveau als auch zentrale Bestimmungsfaktoren. Intraregionale Analysen enthüllen darüber hinaus Unterschiede zwischen städtischen und ländlichen Gebieten. Trotz methodischer Herausforderungen bieten die Ländermonitore ein erhebliches Potenzial für die regionale politische Kulturforschung und ermöglichen einen detaillierten Blick auf regionale Spezifika sowie zentrale Problemlagen. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine teilweise Standardisierung der Erhebungsinstrumente und spricht sich für die Erweiterung der Länderstudien auf bisher nicht abgedeckte Regionen aus, um somit eine noch systematischere Analyse der inter- als auch intraregionalen politischen Kultur(-en) in Deutschland zu ermöglichen.
Organizing for good—using organization design to take on grand challenges
Authors: Baumann Oliver , Davis Gerald F. , Kunisch Sven , Luo Jiao , Wu Brian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, scholarly work has surged around grand societal challenges, such as climate change, public health, and poverty, often framed by the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These complex and global issues demand innovative organization design solutions. The “Organizing for Good” campaign, launched by the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the Organizational Design Community (ODC), aims to spotlight, curate, and stimulate research and practices contributing to the SDGs. This introductory essay serves as a prologue to a special issue in theJournal of Organization Design, which closely aligned with the campaign’s objectives. It delves into the concept of organization design as a tool for addressing these challenges, viewing organization designs as problem-solving systems for collective action. Furthermore, it provides an overview of how the SDGs intersect with the scholarly community focusing on organization design, previews the content of articles featured in this special issue, and raises questions for future research.
Negotiating Leisure Constraints in the Pandemic: The Case of Migrant Domestic Workers in Hong Kong
Authors: Yonaha Yvan Ysmael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow did migrant domestic workers accomplish serious leisure during the pandemic (Stebbins RA (1982) Serious leisure: A conceptual statement. Pac Sociol Rev 25(2):251–272, 1982)? In this paper, I look at the uneven effects of the disruptions in leisure activities as governments introduced lockdowns and physical distancing measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus. While the restrictions were applied broadly across societies, it is necessary to examine how these played out for ‘temporary’ migrant communities subjected to different conditions of stay in their host countries. I address this question by looking at the experience of One Filipino Migrants – a network of Filipino domestic worker organizations in Hong Kong engaged in advocacy work for migrant workers’ welfare even prior to the pandemic. In the Special Administrative Region, the prescribed living-in arrangements and the absence of spatial separation between home and work life steer these mostly female workers to spend their leisure time outside their domicile. But with the spread of COVID-19, their leisure activities are now met with stringent physical distancing measures. Through interviews and participant observation, I narrate how their pre-pandemic activities were scaled down through government and employer regulation of their use of leisure spaces and mandated time off. But I also show their capacity to negotiate with constraints through behavioral changes while challenging notions that portray them as virus carriers. This paper shows how leisure constraints could grow in disaster situations. But it also highlights how leisure agents can come up with negotiation tactics to maintain participation.
“ChatGPT says no”: agency, trust, and blame in Twitter discourses after the launch of ChatGPT
Authors: Heaton Dan , Nichele Elena , Clos Jeremie , Fischer Joel E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
ChatGPT, a chatbot using the GPT-n series large language model, has surged in popularity by providing conversation, assistance, and entertainment. This has raised questions about its agency and resulting implications on trust and blame, particularly when concerning its portrayal on social media platforms like Twitter. Understanding trust and blame is crucial for gauging public perception, reliance on, and adoption of AI-driven tools like ChatGPT. To explore ChatGPT’s perceived status as an algorithmic social actor and uncover implications for trust and blame through agency and transitivity, we examined 88,058 tweets about ChatGPT, published in a ‘hype period’ between November 2022 and March 2023, using Corpus Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis, underpinned by Social Actor Representation. Notably, ChatGPT was presented in tweets as a social actor on 87% of occasions, using personalisation and agency metaphor to emphasise its role in content creation, information dissemination, and influence. However, a dynamic presentation, oscillating between a creative social actor and an information source, reflected users’ uncertainty regarding its capabilities and, thus, blame attribution occurred. On 13% of occasions, ChatGPT was presented passively through backgrounding and exclusion. Here, the emphasis on ChatGPT’s role in informing and influencing underscores interactors’ reliance on it for information, bearing implications for information dissemination and trust in AI-generated content. Therefore, this study contributes to understanding the perceived social agency of decision-making algorithms and their implications on trust and blame, valuable to AI developers and policymakers and relevant in comprehending and dealing with power dynamics in today’s age of AI.