bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpesvirus DNA Is Consistently Detected in Lungs of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Tang Yi-Wei , Johnson Joyce E. , Browning Philip J. , Cruz-Gervis Roberto A. , Davis Angela , Graham Barney S. , Brigham Kenneth L. , Oates John A. , Loyd James E. , Stecenko Arlene A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

On the basis of earlier reports associating Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) with half of the cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we hypothesized that chronic infection with EBV or a closely related herpesvirus would be detected in all cases of IPF. We tested lung specimens from 33 IPF patients (8 patients with familial IPF and 25 patients with sporadic IPF) and 25 patients with other diseases as controls for the presence of eight herpesviruses using PCR-based techniques. One or more of four herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus [CMV], EBV, human herpesvirus 7 [HHV-7], and HHV-8) were detected in 32 of 33 (97%) subjects with IPF and in 9 of 25 (36%) controls (
P
< 0.0001). CMV, EBV, and HHV-8 were found more frequently in IPF patients than in controls (
P
< 0.05,
P
< 0.001, and
P
< 0.01 respectively). Two or more herpesviruses were detected in 19 of 33 (57%) IPF patients and in 2 of 25 (8%) controls (
P
< 0.001). Two or more herpesviruses and HHV-8 were found more frequently in patients with sporadic IPF than in patients with familial IPF (
P
< 0.05 for both comparisons), and CMV was found less frequently in patients with sporadic IPF than in patients with familial IPF (
P
< 0.05). Immunohistochemistry for EBV or HHV-8 antigen showed viral antigen primarily in airway epithelial cells. These data support the concept that a herpesvirus could be a source of chronic antigenic stimulation in IPF.
Diversity of Tn
1546-
Like Elements in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Humans and Poultry in Korea
Authors: Yu Hak-Sun , Seol Sung-Yong , Cho Dong-Taek 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

To investigate the possible spread of vancomycin resistance among enterococci through horizontal gene transfer between two sources of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from farm animals and humans in Korea, molecular characterization of VRE isolated from poultry (20 isolates) and humans (35 isolates) was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of the
vanA
gene cluster (Tn
1546
). PCR mapping of Tn
1546
finally distinguished seven different transposon types (types A to G). Type A was observed only in the poultry isolates, while the other six types were present only in the human isolates. An insertion sequence and deleted sequence were detected in most of the human isolates in the
orf2-vanR
and
vanX-vanY
regions in the Tn
1546-
like element, but not in the poultry isolates. Tn
1546
-like elements were found in conjugal plasmids of most human VRE, whereas they were detected in the chromosomes of all poultry VRE. Accordingly, no evidence was found of any recent transmission of vancomycin resistance genes between poultry and humans in Korea.
Use of Colony Morphology To Distinguish Different Enterococcal Strains and Species in Mixed Culture from Clinical Specimens
Authors: Qamer Shabnam , Sandoe Jonathan A. T. , Kerr Kevin G. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
Colony morphology on kanamycin esculin azide agar was investigated as a means of selecting different species and strains of enterococci from clinical specimens. Four representative colonies of each morphotype were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, biotype, and antibiogram analysis. The optimum time for identification of different colony morphotypes was 72 h.
Utility of an In-House Mycobacteriophage-Based Assay for Rapid Detection of Rifampin Resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Clinical Isolates
Authors: Galí N. , Domínguez J. , Blanco S. , Prat C. , Quesada M. D. , Matas L. , Ausina V. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

A rapid in-house mycobacteriophage-based assay to identify multidrug resistance by detecting the rifampin susceptibility of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in a microtiter plate format was evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the assay were 100%. This test is rapid to perform and suitable for widespread implementation.
Evaluation of the Duopath Verotoxin Test for Detection of Shiga Toxins in Cultures of Human Stools
Authors: Park C. H. , Kim H. J. , Hixon D. L. , Bubert A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

The Duopath Verotoxin test (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany) is a newly developed immunochromatographic test for the confirmation of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains from food products. This test detects both Stx 1 (Stx1)-positive and Stx2-positive samples individually with the same device. By modification of the original protocol, the present study evaluated its performance and feasibility for clinical application with human stool samples, consisting of 41 frozen samples known to contain STEC isolates (O157:H7 and non-O157 serotypes) and 250 fresh specimens. The test specimens were polymyxin B extracts of colony sweeps taken from overnight sorbitol-MacConkey agar cultures of stools containing STEC isolates and other bacteria. All 41 frozen STEC-positive stool samples were positive by the Duopath Verotoxin test, as were 2 fresh stool samples with culture-confirmed STEC O157 infection. Thus, 100% sensitivity and no false-positive results were obtained when the Premier EHEC assay (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, Ohio) was used as the “gold standard.” The Duopath Verotoxin test is simple to perform and easy to interpret, providing a turnaround time of 24 h. Despite its original intended use, the Duopath Verotoxin test has a great potential for clinical application.
Ischemic Stroke and Splenic Rupture in a Case ofStreptococcus bovisEndocarditis
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Finsterer Josef , Pratter Angelika , Kopsa Wolfgang , Preiser Julius , Valentin Andreas 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTA 58-year-old man with an acute stroke suffered from splenic rupture.Streptococcus boviswas found in blood cultures, and gram-negative cocci were found in the infarcted spleen. Hemorrhagic transformation of the stroke occurred. Echocardiography showed aortic endocarditis. Cardiac surgery was not performed because of concern about cerebral bleeding. The patient died due to cerebral rehemorrhage after 3 weeks.
Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide Resistance in Neonatal Bloodstream Isolates of Group B Streptococci
Authors: Diekema Daniel J. , Andrews Janet I. , Huynh Holly , Rhomberg Paul R. , Doktor Stella R. , Beyer Jill , Shortridge Virginia D. , Flamm Robert K. , Jones Ronald N. , Pfaller Michael A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on 122 neonatal bloodstream isolates of group B streptococci (GBS) to further examine the relationship between macrolide resistance and serotype V GBS (GBS-V). Over one-third (35%) of macrolide-resistant GBS belonged to a single PFGE subtype of GBS-V, which was also the most common GBS-V subtype noted in previous Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance studies. Erm methylase (
ermA
and
ermB
) was the most common resistance mechanism detected, present in 12 of 20 macrolide-resistant GBS.
Comparison of Washing and Swabbing Procedures for Collecting Genital Fluids To Assess Cervicovaginal Shedding of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 DNA
Authors: Ndjoyi-Mbiguino Angélique , Ozouaki Francis , Legoff Jérôme , Mbopi-Kéou François-Xavier , Si-Mohamed Ali , Onas Isabelle Ndombi , Avoune Evelyne , Bélec Laurent 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
Asymptomatic genital shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) DNA was evidenced by real-time PCR in 25 (13.2%) of 188 cervicovaginal lavage samples and in only 13 (6.9%) paired cervicovaginal samples from 188 HSV-2-seropositive, nonpregnant childbearing-aged human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative women living in Gabon. These observations demonstrate that cervicovaginal washing is more suitable than endocervicovaginal swabbing for detecting and quantifying HSV-2 DNA by PCR in female genital secretions.
Comparison of Results Obtained by Testing with Three Different Agar Media and by the NCCLS M27-A Method for In Vitro Testing of Fluconazole against
Candida
spp
Authors: Rubio M. Carmen , Gil Joaquina , de Ocáriz Inmaculada Ramírez , Benito Rafael , Rezusta Antonio 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Fluconazole susceptibilities of 150
Candida
isolates were determined by a 25-μg fluconazole disk diffusion agar test and compared with the microdilution NCCLS M27-A method. The agar test used three different media and was read at 24 and 48 h. When only the susceptible and nonsusceptible categories were used, disk diffusion with Müeller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and 0.5 μg of methylene blue (MHGM) per ml had a 95.37% correlation with the MIC method at 24 h, followed by RPMI 1640-2% of glucose agar (correlation, 94%) and Shadomy medium (SHDM) (correlation, 92.6%). The growth of microcolonies inside the inhibition zones was common (>63%) in the RPMI and SHDM media and minimal with MHGM (8.7%). At 48 h, MHGM and SHDM still had a >91% correlation with the MIC, while RPMI results had dropped to 75%. The best overall agreement was obtained with
C. dubliniensis
(100%).
Multiplex PCR Assay for Identification of Human Diarrheagenic
Escherichia coli
Authors: Toma Claudia , Lu Yan , Higa Naomi , Nakasone Noboru , Chinen Isabel , Baschkier Ariela , Rivas Marta , Iwanaga Masaaki 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

A multiplex PCR assay for the identification of human diarrheagenic
Escherichia coli
was developed. The targets selected for each category were
eae
for enteropathogenic
E
.
coli
,
stx
for Shiga toxin-producing
E
.
coli
,
elt
and
est
for enterotoxigenic
E
.
coli
,
ipaH
for enteroinvasive
E
.
coli
, and
aggR
for enteroaggregative
E
.
coli
. This assay allowed the categorization of a diarrheagenic
E
.
coli
strain in a single reaction tube.
Evaluation of Genotype MTBC Assay for Differentiation of Clinical
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Complex Isolates
Authors: Richter Elvira , Weizenegger Michael , Rüsch-Gerdes Sabine , Niemann Stefan 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

A commercially available DNA strip assay was evaluated for the ability to differentiate
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex species.
M
.
bovis
subsp.
bovis
,
M
.
bovis
subsp.
caprae
,
M
.
bovis
BCG,
M
.
africanum
subtype I, and
M
.
microti
were unequivocally identified.
M
.
tuberculosis
,
M
.
canetti
, and
M
.
africanum
subtype II showed a unique hybridization pattern.
Epitope-Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of West Nile Virus Antibodies in Domestic Mammals
Authors: Blitvich Bradley J. , Bowen Richard A. , Marlenee Nicole L. , Hall Roy A. , Bunning Michel L. , Beaty Barry J. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the ability of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies in domestic mammals. Sera were collected from experimentally infected horses, cats, and pigs at regular intervals and screened in ELISAs and plaque reduction neutralization tests. The diagnostic efficacies of these techniques were similar.
Increased Prevalence of G1P[4] Genotype among Children with Rotavirus-Associated Gastroenteritis in Metropolitan Detroit
Authors: Abdel-Haq Nahed M. , Thomas Robert A. , Asmar Basim I. , Zacharova Viera , Lyman William D. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
The G and P genotypes of rotavirus stool isolates from 100 children were determined by reverse transcription-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. G1P[4] was the most prevalent genotype(41%), followed by G1P[8] (16%) and G4P[4] (14%). The G genoypes detected were G1 (73%), G4 (17.4%), G9 (6.3%), and G2 (2.8%). The P genotypes were P[4] (71%) and P[8] (29%). Coinfection with more than one G genotype occurred in 12 patients, and coinfection with more than one P genotype occurred in 11 patients.
Evaluation of the Epidemiologic Utility of Secondary Typing Methods for Differentiation ofMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolates
Authors: Kwara Awewura , Schiro Ronald , Cowan Lauren S. , Hyslop Newton E. , Wiser Mark F. , Roahen Harrison Stephanie , Kissinger Patricia , Diem Lois , Crawford Jack T. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTSpoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR) were evaluated for the ability to differentiate 64Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from 10 IS6110-defined clusters. MIRU-VNTR performed slightly better than spoligotyping in reducing the number of clustered isolates and the sizes of the clusters. All epidemiologically related isolates remained clustered by MIRU-VNTR but not by spoligotyping.
Evaluation of Copan Swabs with Liquid Transport Media for Use in the Gen-Probe Group A Strep Direct Test
Authors: Bourbeau Paul P. , Heiter Barbara J. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
The Gen-Probe Group A Streptococcus Direct Test (GASDT), which detects the presence or absence of group A streptococci directly from pharyngeal specimens, utilizes a specific relative light unit (RLU) cutoff of 4,500 to differentiate between positive and negative test results. In response to a report by a manufacturer that the background RLU values for the Copan rayon swabs with liquid media were higher than the RLU values typically observed with Culturette swabs, we tested multiple lots of Copan rayon swabs with liquid media and determined that the swabs are unacceptable for routine use in the GASDT. The high background RLU values for the Copan rayon swabs appear to be a direct result of the gamma irradiation used to sterilize the swabs. We also performed a comparative clinical evaluation of Copan Dacron swabs with liquid media and Culturette swabs for use in the GASDT. Overall, there was 97.5% agreement between the results obtained with the Copan Dacron swabs and those obtained with the Culturette swabs. Compared to Culturette swabs, the Copan Dacron swabs had a sensitivity and a specificity of 97 and 98%, respectively. Copan Dacron swabs with liquid media are an acceptable alternative to the swabs currently qualified for use with the GASDT, but Copan rayon swabs with liquid transport media should not be used in the GASDT.
Molecular Characterization of Isolates of Waterborne
Cryptosporidium
spp. Collected during an Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in South Burgundy, France
Authors: Dalle Frédéric , Roz Pascale , Dautin Guillaume , Di-Palma Marc , Kohli Evelyne , Sire-Bidault C. , Fleischmann Marie George , Gallay Anne , Carbonel Sylvia , Bon Fabienne , Tillier Claude , Beaudeau Pascal , Bonnin Alain 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

In September 2001, a waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in eastern France. Of 31 fecal samples from symptomatic individuals, 19 tested positive for
Cryptosporidium
with two PCRs targeting the Hsp70 and the 18S rRNA genes of
Cryptosporidium
. Sequencing of the PCR fragments produced sequences identical to that of
Cryptosporidium parvum
genotype 1.
Stability of Repetitive-Sequence PCR Patterns with Respect to Culture Age and Subculture Frequency
Authors: Kang Hyunseok Peter , Dunne W. Michael 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
To examine the stability of repetitive-sequence (rep) PCR profiles, six species of bacteria were subcultured to blood agar plates and DNA was extracted from the cultures after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation at 35°C. In addition, the same species were subcultured to fresh blood plates daily and DNA was extracted from the cultures after growth of 5, 10, and 15 subcultures, respectively. rep PCR analysis demonstrated that all rep PCR fingerprints from a single species were identical.
Identification of
Neisseria meningitidis
Serogroups Y and W135 by
siaD
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis
Authors: Lewis C. , Clarke S. C. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Rapid serogrouping of meningococci is essential for the effective public health management of cases of the disease and the contacts of infected patients. Here we describe an accurate nucleotide-sequencing method for the confirmation of serogroup Y and W135 meningococci by
siaD
gene analysis from cultures of
Neisseria meningitidis
.
Predominance of
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serovars Associated with Urogenital Infections in Females in New Delhi, India
Authors: Singh Vineeta , Salhan Sudha , Das B. C. , Mittal A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Screening for
Chlamydia trachomatis
was done for 280 endocervical swab samples by PCR specific for endogenous plasmid. Age dependency was seen in symptomatic patients, with a high chlamydial prevalence rate (28%) found in younger women. Genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of
omp1
PCR-positive samples showed serovars D, E, and F to be the most prevalent.
Comparison of Microscan Broth Microdilution, Synergy Quad Plate Agar Dilution, and Disk Diffusion Screening Methods for Detection of High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in
Enterococcus
Species
Authors: Murdoch David R. , Mirrett Stanley , Harrell Lizzie J. , Donabedian Susan M. , Zervos Marcus J. , Reller L. Barth 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
We compared the dried MicroScan microdilution panel, Synergy Quad plate agar dilution, and high-potency disk diffusion screening methods for the detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in 815 enterococcal bloodstream isolates. Agreement between the three methods was 99% when testing for high-level gentamicin resistance and 96% when testing for high-level streptomycin resistance.
Molecular and Conventional Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Hong Kong: a Population-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Chan-Yeung Moira , Tam Cheuk-Ming , Wong Harriet , Leung Chi-Chiu , Wang Julie , Yew Wing-Wai , Lam Chak-Wah , Kam Kai-Man 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

A prospective population-based molecular and conventional epidemiological study of 65.4% of bacteriologically confirmed cases of tuberculosis was carried out on the island of Hong Kong from May 1999 to Oct 2000 by the IS
6110
-based restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Eleven of the isolates had five or fewer bands; 24.5% of the remaining 691 isolates belonged to clusters. The estimated proportion of recently transmitted disease was 15 to 20%.
Detection of
Pneumocystis carinii
and Characterization of Mutations Associated with Sulfa Resistance in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects
Authors: Zingale Anna , Carrera Paola , Lazzarin Adriano , Scarpellini Paolo 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

One hundred ninety-four bronchoalveolar specimens were evaluated by microscopic examination and by amplification of a sequence of a
Pneumocystis carinii
dihidropteroate synthase gene for identification of mutations linked to sulfa resistance. PCR sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 86.7%, respectively, compared to results of microscopic examination. However, 7 out of 19 microscopy-negative, PCR-positive samples were collected from subjects with a clinically high probability of
P. carinii
pneumonia, suggesting that PCR may be more sensitive than microscopic examination, although the absolute performance of PCR cannot be determined. Mutations were identified in 28 out of 70 (40%) PCR-positive specimens and were significantly more common in patients exposed to sulfa drugs (21 out of 29 [72.4%]) than in those not exposed to sulfa drugs (4 out of 35 [11.4%]).
Interruption of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) Therapy for 2 Months Has No Effect on Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Plasma of Patients Harboring Viruses with Mutations Associated with Resistance to NNRTIs
Authors: Wirden Marc , Simon Anne , Schneider Luminita , Tubiana Roland , Paris Luc , Marcelin Anne Genevieve , Delaugerre Constance , Legrand Mayeule , Herson Serge , Peytavin Gilles , Katlama Christine , Calvez Vincent 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
A 2-month interruption of only nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) for patients carrying mutations associated with resistance to NNRTIs was followed by no change in either viral load or CD4 cell counts. These data suggest that these compounds have lost all of their in vivo antiviral activity in such cases.
Bovine Non-O157 Shiga Toxin 2-Containing
Escherichia coli
Isolates Commonly Possess
stx
2-EDL933
and/or
stx
2vhb
Subtypes
Authors: Brett Kim N. , Hornitzky Michael A. , Bettelheim Karl A. , Walker Mark J. , Djordjevic Steven P. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

stx
2
genes from 138 Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) isolates, of which 127 were of bovine origin (58 serotypes) and 11 of human origin (one serotype; O113:H21), were subtyped. The bovine STEC isolates from Australian cattle carried
ehxA
and/or
eaeA
and predominantly possessed
stx
2-EDL933
(103 of 127; 81.1%) either in combination with
stx
2vhb
(32 of 127; 25.2%) or on its own (52 of 127; 40.4%). Of 22 (90.9%) bovine isolates of serotype O113:H21, a serotype increasingly recovered from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or hemorrhagic colitis, 20 contained both
stx
2-EDL933
and
stx
2vhb
; 2 isolates contained
stx
2vhb
only. Although 7 of 11 (63.6%) human O113:H21 isolates associated with diarrhea possessed
stx
2-EDL933
, the remaining 4 isolates possessed a combination of
stx
2-EDL933
and
stx
2vhb
. Three of the four were from separate sporadic cases of HUS, and one was from an unknown source.
Characterization of the Manila Family of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Douglas James T. , Qian Lishi , Montoya Jaime C. , Musser James M. , Van Embden Jan D. A. , Van Soolingen Dick , Kremer Kristin 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Forty-eight
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains were obtained from patients living in metropolitan Manila, Republic of the Philippines. Three molecular typing methods, IS
6110
restriction fragment length polymorphism, spoligotyping, and DNA sequencing of the
oxyR
,
gyrA
, and
katG
loci, established that these strains have restricted diversity and are members of a related genetic group of organisms. Comparison of the DNA fingerprint patterns with those in international databases confirmed the uniqueness of this group of isolates, which we designate the Manila family of
M. tuberculosis
.
In Vitro Detection of Dissimilar Amounts of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Subtype-Specific RNA Genomes in Mixes Prepared from Sera of Persons Infected with a Single HCV Genotype
Authors: Quarleri Jorge F. , Bussy María V. , Mathet Verónica L. , Ruiz Vanesa , Iácono Rubén , Lu Ling , Robertson Betty H. , Oubiña José R. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
The level of in vitro detection of viral genomes in mixes with two different hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes was investigated by artificially mixing previously measured subtype-specific HCV RNA genomes. The RNAs in these mixtures were reverse transcribed and then PCR amplified by using two sets of primers corresponding to the 5′ untranslated region and digested with endonucleases to analyze the restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. This approach facilitated detection of a wider range of type-specific HCV genomes than originally described, beyond equimolar concentrations of contributing HCV subtypes. Moreover, by using computerized image analysis, this study also demonstrated that the true contribution of each virus type—and consequently of mixed infections—may be underestimated when only visual observation is carried out. These results may be useful for comparing data obtained from this and other currently used methodologies.
Detection ofChlamydophila felisand Feline Herpesvirus by Multiplex Real-Time PCR Analysis
Authors: Helps Chris , Reeves Nicky , Egan Kathy , Howard Pam , Harbour Dave 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTChlamydophila felisand feline herpesvirus (FHV) are pathogens commonly associated with feline respiratory and ocular disease. A real-time multiplex PCR assay was developed to allow detection of these organisms, together with feline 28S ribosomal DNA, in a single tube. Of 538 ocular swab samples tested, 123 were positive for FHV, 97 were positive forC.felis, and 16 were positive for both pathogens.