bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive (1→3)‐β‐d‐glucan in blood components and release of (1→3)‐β‐d‐glucan from depth‐type membrane filters for blood processing
Authors: Usami Makoto , Ohata Atsushi , Horiuchi Takeshi , Nagasawa Koichi , Wakabayashi Toshio , Tanaka Shigenori 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND
: The false‐positive elevation of plasma (1→3)‐β‐
d ‐glucan level, a serodiagnostic test for deep‐seated mycosis, is suspected in patients administered with blood components. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
: (1→3)‐β‐
d
‐Glucan and endotoxin levels in blood components consisting of 12 albumins, 8 immunoglobulins, and 3 blood coagulation factors were measured by fungal infection tests (Fungitec G‐test, Seikagaku Co.; the Wako WB003 test, Wako Pure Chemical Industries; and the Endospec ES test, Seikagaku Co.). In vitro release of (1→3)‐β‐
d
‐glucan from the depth‐type filters made by cellulose membrane to process blood components was analyzed through an in vitro filtration process as a source of (1→3)‐β‐
d ‐glucan in blood components. RESULTS
: The amounts of (1→3)‐β‐
d
‐glucan in blood components ranged from 0 to 7510 pg per mL in the Fungitec G‐test, with wide variations among brands. The positive rates over 20 pg per mL were 75 percent in albumin solutions, 40 percent in blood coagulation factors, and 63 percent in immunoglobulin solutions. (1→3)‐β‐
d
‐Glucan levels released from the five depth filters ranged from 5 to 2516 pg per mL. The (1→3)‐β‐
d ‐glucan level in filtration fluid was decreased by rinsing with distilled water, but rebounded again during the albumin filtration process. CONCLUSION
: Depth filters are considered the source of (1→3)‐β‐
d ‐glucan content in some blood components.
Isoimmunization against CD36 (glycoprotein IV): description of four cases of neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia and brief review of the literature
Authors: Curtis Brian R. , Ali Saira , Glazier Anne M. , Ebert Douglas D. , Aitman Timothy J. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND : Platelet CD36 (glycoprotein [GP] IV) deficiency occurs in 3 to 5 percent of persons of Asian or African ancestry. A subset of these individuals is at risk for immunization against CD36, but the magnitude of this problem and its significance in transfusion medicine have not yet been clarified. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Clinical and laboratory aspects of neonatal thrombocytopenia involving five infants born to four CD36– mothers were characterized. The CD36 gene was sequenced in three mothers. The literature concerning isoimmunization against CD36 was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS : Isoantibodies reactive with CD36 on normal platelets and platelets from the fathers were identified in each of the four mothers. Two African‐American mothers were homozygous for a 1264T>G mutation in the CD36 gene. A mother of Italian ancestry was homozygous for a previously unidentified deletion of exons 1 through 3. Previously reported cases of isoimmunization against CD36 were reviewed and summarized. CONCLUSION : Isoimmunization against CD36 can cause neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia (NITP), refractoriness to platelet transfusions, and post‐transfusion purpura. Immunization against this glycoprotein (GP) should be considered in patients with apparent alloimmune platelet disorders not explained by immunization against recognized platelet‐specific alloantigens, especially in persons of African, Asian, and, possibly, Mediterranean ancestry.
Anti‐Vel reactivity diminished by adsorption with rabbit RBC stroma
Authors: Mechanic Steven A. , Maurer Joan L. , Igoe Mark J. , Kavitsky Donna M. , Nance Sandra T. 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND : An anti‐Vel, nearly missed in antibody identification studies, and the effect of a commercially available rabbit RBC stroma (RESt, Immucor) adsorptions on eight anti‐Vel sera are reported. Anti‐Vel is an antibody to an antigen of high prevalence. CASE REPORT: A 48‐year‐old woman with chronic vaginal bleeding presented with a Hct of 14.7 percent. The transfusion service was not informed of her history of anti‐Vel when she was transferred from another institution. Studies performed on an emergency request for transfusion were interpreted as a cold autoantibody as adsorption with a commercial source of RESt eliminated the reactivity. Stored anti‐Vel sera were tested by titration studies before and after adsorption with commercial RESt. RESULTS : Serum from the index case did not react after adsorption with RESt at the transfusion service. Studies with the stored anti‐Vel indicated antibody adsorption with four of four samples at immediate spin (IS) and room temperature (RT) phases, four of eight samples at 37°C in albumin (ALB) phase, and four of eight samples at ALB‐IgG‐AGT phase. Variations in antibody reactivity were observed in the samples tested, but RESt adsorption diminished antibody reactivity in most samples. All eight stored sera demonstrated some reactivity in at least one phase after adsorption with RESt. CONCLUSION : Anti‐Vel was completely or partially adsorbed by RESt. Caution should be used when interpreting cold agglutinins with this method. The manufacturer warns that uncommon alloantibodies may be adsorbed.
Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S‐transferase A1, the major glutathione S‐transferase in human liver: Consequences for enzyme expression and busulfan conjugation
Authors: Bredschneider Monika , Klein Kathrin , Mürdter Thomas E. , Marx Claudia , Eichelbaum Michel , Nüssler Andreas K. , Neuhaus Peter , Zanger Ulrich M. , Schwab Matthias 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundHigh‐dose busulfan is widely used as part of conditioning regimens for patients who are undergoing hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation. High plasma concentrations of busulfan have been linked to the occurrence of hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD), a severe complication associated with a high mortality. Because conjugation with glutathione, the major route of biotransformation of busulfan, is predominantly catalyzed by the isozyme glutathione S‐transferase A1 (GSTA1), we hypothesized that low expression or function of GSTA1 in liver caused by genetic polymorphisms may be the mechanism underlying VOD.MethodsImmunoblot analysis of GSTA and measurement of busulfan‐glutathione conjugation by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry were performed in 48 normal human liver samples. To search for polymorphisms, the complete GSTA1 coding regions and the promoter fragment were sequenced. All results were compared by multivariate analysis.ResultsAbsolute levels of GSTA protein and formation rates of busulfan‐glutathione conjugate displayed a 7‐ and 8‐fold range, from 240 to 1600 pmol/mg and 25 to 205 pmol/min per milligram of total cytosolic protein, respectively, and correlate (r2 = 0.49, P < .0001). A total of 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GSTA1 were identified, 1 of which was a silent mutation in exon 5 (A375G); all others were found in the promoter region. Haplotype analysis revealed the existence of 5 defined alleles. There was no significant relationship between any of the GSTA1 SNPs or haplotypes and either hepatic glutathione S‐transferase A (GSTA) expression or GSTA1 function.ConclusionsThe identified GSTA1 polymorphisms are not likely to be related to the VOD because they do not appear to be associated with changes in GSTA expression or function. Compared with other members of the GST family, GSTA1 displays surprisingly little variation.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2002) 71, 479–487; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.124518
Bivalirudin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Effect of renal function, dose, and gender
Authors: Robson Richard , White Harvey , Aylward Philip , Frampton Christopher 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundThese studies were conducted to determine whether bivalirudin clearance and pharmacodynamics are dependent on dose, renal function, or gender.MethodsTwo studies were performed. The first comprised 25 patients who were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention—8 with normal renal function, 11 with mild renal impairment, and 6 with moderate renal impairment. Each patient received a bolus dose of bivalirudin (1 mg/kg) followed by an infusion (2.5 mg/kg per hour for 4 of 6 hours, then 0.5 mg/kg per hour for 4 of 6 hours). The second study enrolled 8 volunteers with severe renal impairment who received a bivalirudin bolus of 1 mg/kg, followed by an infusion of 0.5 mg/kg per hour for 10 hours. Bivalirudin in plasma and urine was assayed with a newly developed, highly specific liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry assay.ResultsClearances at the two infusion doses did not differ significantly (3.23 mL/min per kilogram and 3.16 mL/min per kilogram). There was no statistically significant difference in area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and in plasma clearance between patients with normal renal function and those with mild renal impairment. Patients with moderate and severe renal impairment had reductions in plasma clearance of 21% and 24%, respectively. The level of anticoagulation(activated clotting time) was similar between groups. There was no difference between male and female patients.ConclusionThe clearance of bivalirudin is dependent on renal function but independent of dose and gender. Approximately 20% of unchanged drug is cleared via the kidney, and the remainder presumably undergoes proteolysis intracellularly. The pharmacodynamics of bivalirudin are dose‐dependent and gender‐independent. Bivalirudin kinetics are linear in the dose ranges that are used in percutaneous coronary intervention and that are under investigation for use in acute coronary syndromes.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2002) 71, 433–439; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.124522
Behavioral Management of Persistent Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: Outcomes from a 10-Week Course
Authors: Trygstad Louise , Buccheri Robin , Dowling Glenna , Zind Roberta , White Kathy , Griffin Jan Johnson , Henderson Susan , Suciu Lynda , Hippe Susan , Kaas Merrie J. , Covert Cheryl , Hebert Patrice 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND: Medication-resistant, persistent auditory hallucinations are pervasive in persons with schizophrenia. Behavior strategies are often very effective as adjunctive therapy to decrease the negative characteristics of this symptom. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this multi-site intervention study was to examine the short-term effects of a 10-week course to teach behavior management of persistent auditory hallucinations on seven characteristics of auditory hallucinations (i.e., frequency, loudness, self-control, clarity, tone, distractibility, and distress), anxiety, and depression. STUDY DESIGN: A quasi-experimental repeated measured design was used. The sample included 62 outpatients with schizophrenia who reported daily persistent auditory hallucinations. Measures included the Characteristics of Auditory Hallucinations Questionnaire, the tension-anxiety subscale of the Profile of Mood States, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. RESULTS: Preintervention scores for the frequency (p < .001), self-control (p < .03), clarity (p < .01), tone (p < .03), distractibility (p < .006), and distress (p < .001) improved compared with preintervention scores. Postintervention scores on anxiety and depression were also significantly lower than preintervention scores (p < .02, p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Teaching behavior management of persistent auditory hallucinations in a standardized 10-week course is clinically effective and can be incorporated into many existing outpatient programs.
Perceived Social Support: Dimensions of Social Interaction among Sober Female Participants in Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Rush Mary M. 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND: Dimensions of perceived group, perceived personal, and overall perceived social support were examined among 125 sober female members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). STUDY DESIGN: This was an exploratory, correlational study using the Social Support Network Inventory (SSNI). RESULTS: Of the SSNI’s 5 dimensions (available, practical, emotional, reciprocal, and sobriety-related social support), reciprocal support was the strongest contributor to group social support. Those women who had a sponsor scored significantly higher in total social support and personal support. Availability was the strongest contributor to both personal and overall perceived social support. CONCLUSIONS: Availability and sponsorship are important components of a supportive environment among women in sobriety.
Transgenic overexpression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase improves reticular Ca2+ handling in normal and diabetic rat hearts
Authors: Vetter Roland , Rehfeld Uwe , Reissfelder Christoph , Weiß Wolfgang , Wagner Kay‐Dietrich , Günther Joachim , Hammes Annette , Tschöpe Carsten , Dillmann Wolfgang , Paul Martin 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTSlowed relaxation in diabetic cardiomyopathy (CM) is partially related to diminished expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+‐ATPase SERCA2a. To evaluate the impact of SERCA2a overexpression on SR Ca2+ handling in diabetic CM, we 1) generated transgenic rats harboring a human cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β‐actin promotor‐controlled rat SERCA2 transgene (SERCA2‐TGR), 2) characterized their SR phenotype, and 3) examined whether transgene expression may rescue SR Ca2+ transport in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. The transgene was expressed in all heart chambers. Compared to wild‐type (WT) rats, a heterozygous line exhibited increased SERCA2 mRNA (1.5‐fold), SERCA2 protein (+26%) and SR Ca2+ uptake (+37%). Phospholamban expression was not altered. In SERCA2‐TGR, contraction amplitude (+48%) and rates of contraction (+34%) and relaxation (+35%) of isolated papillary muscles (PM) were increased (P<0.05 vs. WT, respectively); the lusitropic and inotropic responses of PM to forskolin were stronger than in WT. In diabetic myocardium with SR dysfunction, Ca2+ uptake and SERCA2 protein of SERCA2‐TGR were 1.3‐fold higher (P<0.05 vs. diabetic WT). Thus, a SERCA2 overexpression in rat heart improves Ca2+ uptake, accelerates relaxation and compensates, in part, for depressed Ca2+ uptake in diabetic CM. Therefore, SERCA2 expression might constitute an important therapeutic target to rescue cardiac SR Ca2+ handling in diabetes.
Carbon Monoxide Cycling by
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Hildenborough
Authors: Voordouw Gerrit 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

Sulfate-reducing bacteria, like
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Hildenborough, use the reduction of sulfate as a sink for electrons liberated in oxidation reactions of organic substrates. The rate of the latter exceeds that of sulfate reduction at the onset of growth, causing a temporary accumulation of hydrogen and other fermentation products (the hydrogen or fermentation burst). In addition to hydrogen,
D. vulgaris
was found to produce significant amounts of carbon monoxide during the fermentation burst. With excess sulfate, the
hyd
mutant (lacking periplasmic Fe-only hydrogenase) and
hmc
mutant (lacking the membrane-bound, electron-transporting Hmc complex) strains produced increased amounts of hydrogen from lactate and formate compared to wild-type
D. vulgaris
during the fermentation burst. Both hydrogen and CO were produced from pyruvate, with the
hyd
mutant producing the largest transient amounts of CO. When grown with lactate and excess sulfate, the
hyd
mutant also exhibited a temporary pause in sulfate reduction at the start of stationary phase, resulting in production of 600 ppm of headspace hydrogen and 6,000 ppm of CO, which disappeared when sulfate reduction resumed. Cultures with an excess of the organic electron donor showed production of large amounts of hydrogen, but no CO, from lactate. Pyruvate fermentation was diverse, with the
hmc
mutant producing 75,000 ppm of hydrogen, the
hyd
mutant producing 4,000 ppm of CO, and the wild-type strain producing no significant amount of either as a fermentation end product. The wild type was most active in transient production of an organic acid intermediate, tentatively identified as fumarate, indicating increased formation of organic fermentation end products in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that alternative routes for pyruvate fermentation resulting in production of hydrogen or CO exist in
D. vulgaris
. The CO produced can be reoxidized through a CO dehydrogenase, the presence of which is indicated in the genome sequence.
Prediction of liner wear by extending the Kragelskii model for wear of roughness peaks in sparse contact
Authors: Lakshminarayanan P. A. , Nayak N , Dani A. D. 
Published: October 2002

The known wear model of Kragelskii for surfaces considers elastic loading of the normal roughness peaks in sparse contact by the shear load along the direction of sliding. Repeated stressing of the peaks causes fatigue to detach material in the form of wear debris. In this paper, an attempt is successfully made to predict the wear of cylinder liners of wide-ranging surface finishes and material strengths, by extending the model to take into account surfaces that do not have normally peaked roughness. The roughness peaks are modelled as tiny hemispheres. The radius of the hemisphere is defined as the geometric mean of the radii in the directions transverse and longitudinal to machining. The transverse radius can be estimated using the actual roughness trace. An alternative and quicker method is presented here to derive this radius as a function of the number of roughness peaks per unit length, the peak roughness, Rp k, and the fraction of the bearing surface MR 1 at Rp k. The latter radius along the machining direction is typical of the machining process. The wear rate of a normal finish is known to be a strong function of the maximum deviation of the roughness trace from the mean line, Rp. The valley portion of roughness, R vk, does not take part in wear as actively as the roughness parameter, R k, lying between Rvk and Rpk. A general surface roughness, which is not normally peaked, is characterized by the plateauness ratio, R k/ Rvk. In the present work, an equivalent roughness Rp-eq for such a general surface is found to bear a unique relation with the plateauness ratio. To study surfaces of general roughness, the equivalent Rp-eq and the radius of the hemispherical roughness peak were substituted in the wear model known for surfaces with normal roughness. Ten different liner surfaces reported in the literature were studied using the present model. In addition, experiments were conducted on a 105mm bore diesel engine using normally honed liners to apply the wear model. A satisfactory correlation was obtained between the predicted wear rates and those measured with the model. Finally, the results are discussed in the light of wear predicted by Archard [3, 11].
Emotional processing in psychopathic personality
Authors: Habel Ute , Kühn Egbert , Salloum Jasmin B. , Devos Helmut , Schneider Frank 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEmotional‐processing deficits may be one of the characteristic features of impaired affect in individuals with psychopathy. These include shallowness and profound lack of remorse or empathy. Performances on standardized emotion discrimination tasks and mood induction tasks were compared between 17 patients with antisocial personality disorder (DSM‐IV) and 17 nonpsychopaths. Subjects with psychopathic personality demonstrated poorer performance on emotion‐discrimination tasks compared with controls. However, higher scores on factor “emotional detachment” of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL‐R) were associated with better discrimination ability. Subjective ratings were comparable between groups during mood induction. Although the findings support the hypothesis of a significant association between impaired emotional processing and psychopathy, they also suggest a relationship between emotional discrimination and the core personality features of psychopathy. Aggr. Behav. 28:394–400, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia developing in untreated essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Sato Naoaki , Furukawa Tatsuo , Masuko Masayoshi , Hashimoto Shigeo , Takahashi Hidenobu , Baba Miyako , Inano Koichi , Suzuki Noriatsu , Toba Ken , Fuse Ichiro , Aizawa Yoshifusa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a patient with untreated essential thrombocythemia (ET) who developed microgranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia, 9 years after the initial diagnosis of ET. He achieved complete remission (CR) but relapsed 11 months later. After achieving the second CR, he received peripheral stem cell transplantation from his HLA complete‐matched sibling. Five months after the transplantation, he relapsed again with meningeal infiltration of leukemic cells. In this paper, we review cases of promyelocytic transformation of myeloproliferative diseases (MPD) other than chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). To our knowledge, this is the first case of promyelocytic transformation of Philadelphia chromosome negative untreated ET, in whom both t(15;17) and PML‐RARα fusion were proven. Am. J. Hematol. 71:114–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tensile destruction test as an estimation of partial proteolysis in fibrin clots
Authors: Saldívar Enrique , Orje Jennifer N. , Ruggeri Zaverio M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a technique devised to evaluate the effects of partial proteolysis on the mechanical characteristics of acellular non‐cross‐linked fibrin clots. The destruction technique applies coaxial tension on mechanically preconditioned cylindrical molded clots and measures the number of mechanical failures vs the total number of samples at a given load (2, 3, and 4 grams force). We used different plasmin concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 U/mL) in the bathing medium to cause partial proteolysis. We monitored the fibrinolysis process by measuring the amount of protein released in the bathing medium. Our results showed no difference in the creep function in all the groups studied. We compare our technique with compaction, a commonly used mechanical technique that compresses the sample by centrifugation, and found that our technique is capable of detecting minor changes of fibrinolysis (the results of the least square fit for the destruction test at 2 grams force, as a function of plasmin concentration, has a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.55), while compaction did not show a statistically significant difference in the same conditions, suggesting that each individual fibrin fiber bears load only under tension. Our findings suggest that when the fibers are cleaved their capacity to withstand stress is seriously challenged; thus, in principle, tensile destruction test can detect a minimal degree of proteolysis. Am. J. Hematol. 71:119–127, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autosomal recessive alobar holoprosencephaly with essentially normal faces
Authors: Barr Mason , Cohen M. Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHoloprosencephaly is associated with a diagnostic face approximately 80% of the time. We report three siblings with alobar holoprosencephaly and essentially normal faces. A similar family was reported by Khan et al. [1970: Dev Med Child Neurol 12:71–76]. Alobar holoprosencephaly with essentially normal faces has also been observed in infants of diabetic mothers [Barr et al., 1983: J Pediatr 102:565–568]. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diploid/tetraploid/t(1;6) mosaicism in a 17‐year‐old female with hypomelanosis of Ito, multiple congenital anomalies, and body asymmetry
Authors: Leonard N.J. , Tomkins D.J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany types of chromosome mosaicism have been identified in cases of hypomelanosis of Ito, often in association with chromosome instability; however, there have been very few cases with diploid–tetraploid mosaicism described in the literature. We present a patient with a tetraploid mosaicism: a 17‐year‐old girl who has hypomelanosis of Ito in association with diploid/tetraploid/t(1;6) mosaicism. She had multiple congenital anomalies of omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder, duodenal web, and imperforate anus. These features have not been described previously in diploid–tetraploid mosaicism. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.