bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropolar fluid flow due to rotating and oscillating circular cylinder: 6th order numerical study
Authors: Kamal M.A. , Siddiqui A.Z.A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe ‘time‐marching study’ of non‐steady flow around a rotating and oscillating circular cylinder of a viscous incompressible micropolar fluid, for low values of Keulegan‐Carpenter number Kc and different values of Stokes parameter β is being undertaken. In the present studies we have investigated the Magnus effects on stirring or orbital flow for different values of rotation parameter α in the range 0 to 4.5 at various time levels. In this numerical attempt we have adopted the scheme, which consists of two steps. In the first step a 4th order special finite‐difference method is used to approximate the constitutive equations. This method transforms the governing partial differential equations to a system of finite‐difference equations, which are solved numerically by S.O.R. iterative method. In the second step, the results obtained are further refined and upgraded by Richardson's extrapolation method. That is why this scheme yields the sixth order accurate solution. To check the accuracy of the results these results are compared on five different grid sizes. The results compare very well.
2D shape optimization of turbine blades
Authors: Montrone F. , Wever U. , Zheng Q. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we present methods to optimize the efficiency of turbine blades. The profile of a turbine blade is parameterized by curves, its parameters form the variables of a nonlinear optimization problem. Because of the very expensive function evaluation, gradient based optimization methods are preferred. In order to provide gradient information for the optimization method, the fluid sensitivities have to be considered. Theoretical properties and implementation aspects for the sensitivity equation are discussed. Constraints guarantee the requirements for casting, machining, and cooling of the blades.
Cavity detection by the electric method: The 3‐dimensional case
Authors: Ang D.D. , Mennicken R. , Thanh D.N. , Trong D.D. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper the authors prove a uniqueness theorem for the electric detection of cavities in a three dimensional solid from Cauchy data measured on the surface. The cavities, finite in number, are assumed to be insulating. The surfaces of the cavities are assumed to be smooth on the complement of a set that is, in some sense, negligible.
Traditions of governance: interpreting the changing role of the public sector
Authors: Bevir Mark , Rhodes R. A. W. , Weller Patrick 
Published: January 2004

The role of the state is changing under the impact of, for example, globalization. The changes have been variously understood as the new public management (NPM), the hollowing–out of the state and the new governance. This special issue of Public Administration explores the changing role of the state in advanced industrial democracies. It focuses on the puzzle of why states respond differently to common trends.This introductory article has three aims. First, we provide a brief review of the existing literature on public sector reform to show that our approach is distinctive. We argue that the existing literature does not explore the ways in which governmental traditions shape reform. Second, we outline an interpretive approach to the analysis of public sector reform built on the notions of beliefs, traditions, dilemmas and narratives. We provide brief illustrations of these ideas drawn from the individual country articles. Finally, we outline the ground covered by all the chapters but we do not summarize and compare their experiences of reform. That task is reserved for the concluding article.
Legalist Fictions and the Problem of Scientific Legitimation
Authors: Přibáň Jiří 
Published: January 2004

The author analyzes fictions of legal positivist philosophy and their role in the scientific legitimation of modern law and political domination. The original function of legalist fictions was the establishment of legal science, which would be autonomous and independent of other social sciences and public morality. In the second half of the 20th century, legal positivist philosophy has nevertheless adopted the fiction of the just law as its scientific legitimation fiction and incorporated moral and political discourse into legal science, again.Legal positivism and its critiques within the discourse of the sociology of law and critical legal science keep the image of a hierarchical and centralized legitimation of law. Paradoxically, current legal philosophy and theory searching for a universally valid legitimation scheme is full of many different legitimations and reveals their growing plurality and the impossibility of establishing one sovereign legitimation scheme in the current social, theoretical and political condition.
Rural Areas in the Netherlands
Authors: Haartsen Tialda , Huigen Paulus P.P. , Groote Peter 
Published: January 2004

According to the OECD standard, there are no rural areas in the Netherlands. Nonetheless, debate continues about the future of the Dutch countryside. In order to explore how Dutch inhabitants think about rural areas a survey was conducted by the authors, focusing on two topics: the kind of associations respondents to the survey have with respect to rural areas; and where they think rural areas are located in the Netherlands. The analysis shows that respondents’ representations of rurality are mainly formed along visual–figurative dimensions. It was also found that such representations of the rural differ by age of the respondents. Whereas seniors in general have more socio–cultural representations, young people see the countryside mainly as an agricultural production zone.With regard to the location of rural areas, respondents indicated that ‘genuine’ rural areas are to be found in the periphery of the country: the North. Opinions regarding the location of attractive and unattractive rural areas seem to differ between age groups.
If Love Then Justice
Authors: Rimor Mordechai 
Published: January 2004

Love belongs to the personal realm, while justice belongs to the public. Love originated evolutionarily in the subjective parent‐child relationship. Justice originated in the objective perception of our social relationships. Both concepts have deep roots in our feelings. Although justice and love are interdependent, love is a prerequisite to justice. Most of those who love would behave justly to their loved ones, but not vice versa. Laws and norms try unsuccessfully to enhance love among us. However, they would hardly attain justice. With love we do not need laws or armies. Justice would necessarily prevail, and much more. Intuitively and psychologically, love is more basic than justice for our existence. Research shows that in our pursuit of happiness, love plays a central role, while justice does not. For many, love is also a goal of our existence.“The long demand for justice exhausts the love which nevertheless gave it birth.” (source unknown)
The mind–brain relationship: the emergent self
Authors: Wilkinson Margaret 
Published: January 2004

Abstract:  This paper explores the mind–brain relationship, using insights from contemporary neuroscience. It seeks to investigate how our brains become who we are, how subjective experience arises. In order to do this some explanation is given of the basic concepts of how the brain produces our subjective mental life. Current neuropsychological and neurobiological understanding of early brain development, memory, emotion and consciousness are explored. There is also an attempt at mapping the mind–brain‐self relationship from a uniquely Jungian perspective. Clinical material is included in order to show the relevance of these insights to our work in the consulting room, arguing the value of the affect‐regulating, relational aspects of the analytic dyad that forge new neural pathways through emotional connection. Such experience forms the emotional scaffolding necessary for the emergence of reflective function.
From aggressiveness to creativity
Authors: Mrevlje Gorazd V. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract:  Psychology has a long tradition of considering human creativity as a distinct human characteristic and a special kind of human activity. After explaining the key motives for such an attitude, the author discusses those forms of healthy aggressiveness that stand out as necessary and constitutive elements of the creative process.Taking the well‐known statement of C. G. Jung's ‘The person who does not build (create), will demolish and destroy’ as a starting point, the author compares the basic premises for understanding the process of human creativity, at the same time drawing on Freud's psychology of the individual and Jung's principle of the collective unconscious as well as his notion of ‘complexes’. In doing so, the author somewhat boldly paraphrases Jung's dictum: ‘In order to be creative, rather than just constructive, one must occasionally also destroy’.With reference to Wallas, Taylor and Neumann (Wallas 1926; Taylor 1959; ;Neumann 2001), the author goes on to explore those concepts which help us to investigate the phenomenon of human creativity, drawing distinctions between emergent, expressive, productive, inventive and innovative creativity.The second part of the article discusses the importance of intelligence, originality, nonconformity, subversiveness and free‐mindedness for the creative process of human beings. The author concludes with a further explanation of Erich Neumann's argument that human creativity cannot be understood solely as a result of sociogenetic factors, and argues that it is only by taking into consideration Jung's perception of creativity that a global ontological understanding of these processes can be achieved.
Non‐linear biological responses to environmental noise affect population extinction risk
Authors: Laakso Jouni , Kaitala Veijo , Ranta Esa 
Published: January 2004

Non‐linearities are commonly observed in the responses of organisms to environment. They potentially modify the qualitative and quantitative properties of population dynamics. We studied how non‐linear responses to environment, or “noise filters”, influence population variability and extinction risk by introducing coloured noise to the growth rate in the Hassell single‐species model. The consequences of noise filtering were analysed by comparing the model dynamics with linearly filtered and non‐linearly filtered noise that have the same mean. Three biologically plausible filters we used: saturating, unimodal optimum type, and sigmoid responses.Filtering can either decrease or increase population variability when compared to linear noise response. The effect of noise filtering on variability is most pronounced with stable population dynamics and the outcome depends on the filter type, population growth rate, and noise colour.Non‐linear noise filtering predominantly increases extinction risks when population growth rate is low (R<5). As an exception, saturating filter has a window of decreased risk at very low growth rate and reddened environment. In the unstable range of the dynamics (15<R<25), the optimum and saturating type responses can decrease the extinction risk whereas the sigmoid response increases extinction risk. Noise filtering can also alter the route to extinction in slowly growing populations from slow to rapid decline towards extinction in optimum and saturating responses.These results suggest that accounting for the non‐linear responses to environment should be considered when estimating extinction risks and population variability. Moreover, the non‐linear responses make noise colour a more important factor in these analyses.
Nurse‐initiated thrombolysis: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Smallwood Andrew 
Published: January 2004

Summary• This article aims to review, in a systematic manner, the current published evidence base for nurse‐initiated thrombolysis• Reasons for this evolution in nursing practice are outlined• Themes emerging from the review are identified• Methodological issues are discussed• This article outlines a conceptual framework for practice evolution• Further research is needed to improve the strength of the evidence base by studies with improved design
The implications of physical activity in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Mondoa Catherine T 
Published: January 2004

Summary• The clinical syndrome of chronic heart failure is increasingly prevalent. It can be considered a multiorgan disorder that may exert a negative physical and psychological influence on a patient• Medication and surgical intervention have important roles to play and have certainly improved both morbidity and mortality in this field, but clearly these interventions alone are not enough• Excessive resource utilization for this group of patients has provided added impetus to research into non‐pharmacological interventions. These encompass dietary and other lifestyle measures, including smoking cessation and exercise• Exercise has been shown to favourably affect the functional capacity and quality of life. There is also emerging evidence that it reduces mortality• In the absence of contraindications, regular endurance exercise coupled with strength training is undoubtedly beneficial• As with other cardiovascular research, there is a trend towards recruiting middle‐aged males. This effectively means that practitioners need to be cautious when evaluating and/or implementing research evidence• By addressing the implications of physical activity for deconditioned patients with chronic heart failure, a holistic therapeutic regimen is fostered. This has been shown to improve the quality of life of patients and to enhance the quality of service delivered to this patient group
Urinary catheter care in the intensive care unit
Authors: Marklew Anna 
Published: January 2004

Summary• Urinary catheters are associated with a number of complications, and nurses are ideally suited to minimize the associated risks by utilizing the available research in their practice• Urine tract infections caused by urine catheters are associated with increased mortality; however, urine catheter care is a nursing procedure, the importance of which is sometimes overlooked• This study reviews recommended guidelines on urine catheter care and current published literature on the subject• The aim of the study was to identify recommended practice and compare it with the current research and literature to conclude best practice• Conclusions made from this study are that existing guidelines correspond to the recommendations and findings in recent research and literature. However, more detailed guidelines and further research on how to prevent catheter‐associated urine tract infections and other complications may be of benefit
Ward nurses' evaluation of critical care outreach
Authors: Richardson Annette , Burnand Valerie , Colley Heather , Coulter Catherine 
Published: January 2004

Summary• Following the recommendation to introduce critical care outreach, two different models on two hospital sites were introduced within a large teaching Trust• To establish ward nurses' views and opinions of important components of the two outreach models, a questionnaire survey was undertaken involving 134 ward nurses on the awareness of outreach, accessibility of outreach and usage of outreach• The results identified a high level of user satisfaction amongst ward nurses. Awareness of critical care outreach and how to access the service within a hospital site was good, with little differences between the two different models. Outreach was found to provide ward nurses with better skills, more knowledge, advice and support• Providing a 24‐h service and continual critical care education and training opportunities are the suggested ways to improve outreach in the future
Age of the Mt Boggola volcanic succession and further geochronological constraint on the Ashburton Basin, Western Australia
Authors: SIRCOMBE K. N. 
Published: January 2004

The age of strata in the Palaeoproterozoic Ashburton Basin is not well constrained, particularly the generally homogeneous, turbiditic and thick Ashburton Formation containing only a small fraction of volcanics suitable for geochronological examination. The Mt Boggola volcanic succession is one of these rare occurrences, consisting of mafic pillow lavas and breccia overlain by BIF, chert, ferruginous pelite, mafic volcaniclastics and possible felsic tuffs identified in the course of mineral exploration. A locality proximal to the volcanic succession is interpreted as a fragmental volcaniclastic unit derived with minimal reworking from a tuff. Zircon extracted from this unit has yielded a SHRIMP 207Pb/206Pb weighted‐mean age of 1829 ± 5 Ma (95% conf.: χ2 1.0). This age is significantly older than that of the June Hill Volcanics in the northwest of the Ashburton Basin that had previously been surmised to be potentially coeval, and provides a further constraint on the evolution and diachroneity of the Ashburton Formation.
Legend of hepatitis B vaccination: The Taiwan experience
Authors: CHAN CHO‐YU , LEE SHOU‐DONG , LO KWANG‐JUEI 
Published: January 2004

AbstractHepatitis B, a disease entity currently affecting more than 350 million persons worldwide, is also a serious health problem in Taiwan. Liver cirrhosis and hepatoma, which are both closely correlated with hepatitis B, are among the 10 leading causes of death in Taiwan. A mass hepatitis B vaccination program, conducted by the government of Taiwan, was started in 1984. Prior to this vaccination program, a series of viral epidemiological surveys, transmission pattern studies, and pilot immunization trials proved the clinical, economic, and strategic benefits of mass immunization, thus providing the impetus for the implementation of this mass vaccination program. The success of this program has led to a decline in hepatitis B carrier rates among children in Taiwan from 10% to <1%. Furthermore, the mortality rate of fulminant hepatitis in infants and the annual incidence of childhood hepatoma have also decreased significantly in recent years. This is one of the most remarkable success stories in the field of public health.
Hyperexpression of inducible costimulator on lamina propria mononuclear cells in rat dextran sulfate sodium colitis
Authors: ISHII KENICHI , KANAI TAKANORI , TOTSUKA TERUJI , URAUSHIHARA KOJI , ISHIKURA TAKAHIRO , YAMAZAKI MOTOMI , OKAMOTO RYOICI , ARAKI AKIHIRO , MIYATA TATSUYA , TEZUKA KATSUAKI , NAKAMURA TETSUYA , WATANABE MAMORU 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The authors have previously shown that a third member of the CD28 family, inducible costimulator (ICOS), was increased in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of murine experimental colitis, and that the blockade of ICOS ameliorated the development of colitis. However, the role of ICOS in rat intestinal inflammation and its expression profile remains unclear. In the present study, the authors investigated the involvement of ICOS in the development of rat dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis, and the therapeutic potential of anti‐ICOS monoclonal antibody (mAb) in colitis.Methods:  The authors first examined expression of ICOS protein in normal rat by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed 3.0% DSS. The expression of ICOS on infiltrating lamina propria mononuclear cells and splenocytes were examined. The DSS‐fed rats were then administered anti‐ICOS mAb to test its effect on the development of colitis.Results:  Unlike mice and human, ICOS was expressed on a part of CD4+ T‐cells from the thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and lamina propria. Levels of ICOS on CD4+ T‐cells from the spleen and colonic lamina propria were significantly upregulated after Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. In addition, ICOS was also upregulated on CD4+ T‐cells from DSS‐fed rats compared with those from non DSS‐fed rats. However, anti‐ICOS mAb did not ameliorate the development of both acute and chronic DSS colitis.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the different expression of ICOS in rats plays a distinct role in rat intestinal inflammation.
Current therapeutic approaches in childhood chronic hepatitis B infection: A multicenter study
Authors: DIKICI BUNYAMIN , OZGENC FUNDA , KALAYCI AYHAN GAZI , TARGAN SEREF , OZKAN TANJU , SELIMOGLU AYSE , DOGANCI TUMAY , KANSU AYDAN , TOSUN SELMA , ARSLAN NUR , KASIRGA ERHUN , BOSNAK MEHMET , HASPOLAT KENAN , BUYUKGEBIZ BENAL , AYDOGDU SEMA , GIRGIN NURTEN , YAGCI RASIT VURAL 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The aim of the present study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three different regimens in childhood chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection.Methods:  A total of 182 children with CHB infection were prospectively allocated to three random groups. Sixty‐two patients in the first group received high‐dose interferon (IFN)‐α 2b (10 MU/m2) thrice/weekly alone for 6 months. In the second (n = 60) and third groups (n = 60), IFN‐α was used for 6 months (5 MU/m2) thrice/weekly in combination with lamivudine (LAM) (4 mg/kg, maximum 100 mg/day) for 12 months. Lamivudine was started simultaneously with IFN in the second group, while it was started 2 months prior to IFN injections in the third group.Results:  The initial mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values for the first, second and third groups were 109 ± 93 IU/L, 101 ± 64 IU/L and 92 ± 42 IU/L, respectively (P > 0.05). At the end of the therapy, ALT values decreased to 82 ± 111 IU/L, 38 ± 41 IU/L and 29 ± 16 IU/L in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean ALT value of the first group was significantly different to the second and third groups (P = 0.046 and P = 0.002, respectively) at the end of the therapy and these differences were found to be sustained after 18 months. However, results in the second and third groups were similar (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in HBeAg clearance and anti‐HBe seroconversion at the initial stage, 12 months and 18 months between the three groups (P > 0.05). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA clearance in the first group was different from the second and third groups, while the second and third groups had similar HBV DNA clearance ratios at 12 and 18 months. No significant difference was found in the complete response (normalization of ALT, clearance of HBV DNA and seroconversion of anti HBe) ratios of all groups (at 12 months: 28.8, 45.5, 35.8% and at 18 months 33.3, 49 and 34% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, P > 0.05).Conclusions:  Although the ALT normalization and HBV DNA clearance ratios of IFN plus LAM combination groups were better than the high‐dose IFN‐α monotherapy group, no significant difference was found in the complete response ratios of all three groups.