bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivité et évaluation de programme aux États-Unis
Authors: Wise Charles R. , Recascino-Wise Lois 
Published: January 2024

Productivity and program evaluation in the United-States.
A growing need has made itself felt over the past years within US administration for accounting for administrative action, leading to a ‘productionist movement’, based upon two main ideas : the development of a precise and usable evaluation of the output and productivity of organizations and that of a method by which it would be possible to translate evaluation findings into reliable and adequate data on current programs with a view to spelling out organizational objectives and achieving relevant results.
Quels cadres pour l’administration des affaires sanitaires et sociales ?
Authors: Rollet Christian 
Published: January 2024

What are senior personnel needs for public health and social services administration ?
Why do public health and social services have a poor reputation ? Where do their weaknesses lie ? This falling prestige concerns neither the competence nor the dedication of civil servants, but the weak appeal of civil servant status and the limited degree of independence that departments enjoy vis-à-vis Prefects. These weaknesses stem from ministerial and institutional organizational structures whose history has been affected by mutual societies, business associations and individual initiative. The State, as tutor and guardian of law, has been intervening with limited means only since recently through disjointed external structures and centralized structures with changing duties. Specialized schooling was instituted only recently and Public Health physicians have not set up new career paths. The tradition of volunteer work has inhibited unionization and modernized management.
The image of public health and social services could be improved by (1) strengthening decision-making mechanisms, (2) enhancing senior personnel training and (3) improving working conditions through greater decompartmentalization, job and geographical mobility. Although job mobility depends on standardized statutes of service, the difficulties facing the Ministry of Social Affairs include its current teething problems. Its recent creation, lack of tradition and statutes may prove to be strong points in facing the challenges of growth and modernization.
L’hôpital
Authors: Maillard Christian 
Published: January 2024

Hospitals.
However great the efforts of the past 40 years to improve the management and control of the hospital System, dissatisfaction is obvious among users, health care personnel, the administration, social security and private enterprise. Hospitals served as locally-administered lodgings until the 19th Century. They have gradually evolved into complex centres of differentiated production that compete with other partners of the health care System and are increasingly dependent on socio-economic developments. Thus the hospital has become a matter for national government without really losing its local connections and has become a meeting ground for many partners. The time is ripe for long-term decisions that are needed for a coherent, viable System, i.e. socially — concerted effort for a new definition of national health, the role and functions of hospitals ; a streamlining of State intervention with its many contradictions ; making citizens play an active role in hospital System, optimizing complementarity between different role players ; giving hospitals appropriate tools to evaluate costs and production ; and the adoption of fixed-term contracts with means and objectives between hospitals, Social Security, the State and other public bodies so as to give hospitals a solid framework and better control over their future, and make them responsible entreprises.
Les enjeux politiques : Dix questions à M. Bertrand Cousin
Authors: Cousin Bertrand 
Published: January 2024

The Political Challenge — 10 Questions to Bertrand Cousin
Parliamentary Député and member of the current government majority, Bertrand Cousin answers the same questions as Mr. Jack Lang. His answers differ radically and he favours government disengagement from broadcasting. The public sector should strive for higher quality, receiver license fees should be the sole source of revenue with advertising resources being reserved for the private sector. Above all, France needs major multimedia corporations free of overly restrictive anti-trust legislation in order to capture a major portion of the communications market.
L’enjeu des concentrations : Le difficile avènement d’une loi
Authors: Boudet Daniel 
Published: January 2024

The Difficult Passing of Anti-Trust Legislation
The question of radio and TV anti-trust legislation has been discussed since the abolition of the state broadcasting monopoly. Current legislation basically covers radio, TV and the press and results from principles laid down by the Conseil Constitutionnel in July and September 1986. This body considered that existing safeguards to ensure pluralism, as required by the Constitution, were inadequate. The author criticises the judge’s stance and regrets that the legislation passed should be so complex. This legislation puts a ceiling on share-holding in any one media corporation and any sector or group of medias. However, legislation has reinforced both the position of nationwide TV broadcasting and leeway for the creation of large multi-media groups.
L’administration française face à la règle communautaire
Authors: Carnelutti Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

EEC Law and the French Government.
The extension of EEC authority and norms confronts the French Government with a new situation. It is becoming increasingly involved in shaping the new norms, and having to revamp its administrative procedures for maximum impact upstream in the EEC decision-making processes. More French experts are spending more time in Brussels. Domestic application of EEC law présupposés substantial commitments to publication and transposition into domestic legal terms - France is ail too frequently faulted for applying EEC law incompletely or not at ail. The French Government should learn to adopt an EEC frame of mind when formulating national policy in future.
La Communauté et les fonctions publiques nationales (l’article 48, § 4 du traité CEE)
Authors: Currall Julian 
Published: January 2024

National Public Administrations and Article 48 (4) EEC Treaty.
Nationals of one Community member State have access to ail jobs in every other, except those in the “public administration” : Article 48 (4) EEC Treaty. Community case-law defines this exception narrowly : it only covers jobs involving exercise of public authority and protection of essential national interests. The Commission of the European Communities therefore considers that among the public sector jobs open to ail Community nationals are : teaching in State schools, most jobs in public hospitals and jobs in public commercial organisations. The article examines the case-law, explains the Commission’s view and deals with some unjustified fears which have been aroused in the Member States.
1988, Année «Marchés publics» ?
Authors: Bréchon-Moulènes Christine 
Published: January 2024

1988 : Government Contracting Year.
The EEC Commission declared government contracting a priority issue for 1988. Its motives were the alarming cost of ‘Non-Europe’ cited in one survey, and the symbolic value of government procurement as an indicator of the common will to make a success of 1992. This article covers the three types of directives being drafted. The former Capital Schemes and General Supplies Directive involves a straightfor-ward rewrite of the General Supplies text and a true overhaul for ‘Special Capital Schemes’. The second type of directives cover new domaines (water, energy, public transport and telecommunications) with vast economie interests at stake. Under-standably, the Commission is busy building Europe with one eye on the USA and the other on Japan. Lastly, the Recourse Directive opens a Pandora’s box due do the sensitivity of member governments about national sovereignty and to fundamental differences in existing national legal Systems.
L’expérience du ministère de l’équipement : une réforme de la notation des cadres au service d’une politique de modernisation
Authors: Vallemont Serge 
Published: January 2024

The Experience of the Ministry of Works : Reform of the Periodic Staff Report System as Part of a Policy of Modernization.
As part of its modernization programme, wich includes a full-fledged corporate plan, the Works Department is developing a policy for the modernization of its human resources management. Since the success of this programme hinges on the allocation of much greater responsibility to officiais, the Ministry of Works has set to overhaul its periodic staff report System for Grade A officials with a view to making it into a management tool at the service of a policy of modernization and optimization of human resources. The new System is based on the assessment interview and enables the results achieved to be appraised each year against the yardstick of fixed objectives.
La formation des fonctionnaires au droit en Algérie
Authors: Taïb Essaïd 
Published: January 2024

Legal training of Civil Servants : the Algerian example.
In the Algerian System, the State is the main source of initiative. Civil servant training sets great store by the descriptive study of institutions and emphasizes the guiding role of the State. The civil servant is trained more to worship the letter of the law than to become skilled in its interpretation and application; to serve more as an instrument of authority than as a manager. And since this training hardly ever changes, and fails to assimilate the changes occuring within the Civil Service itself, it acts as a brake on, rather than a stimulus to, economic activity in particular. The training received by Algerian civil servants does not teach them to rationalize administrative methods, when in fact the Algerian Civil Service should be looking for more effective ways of satisfying social demands.
La formation des fonctionnaires à l’économie publique : pour un nouvel agenda
Authors: Greffe Xavier 
Published: January 2024

Training Civil Servants in Public Economics : Towards a new Agenda.
Although in-service training programmes have included economics, civil servants training in public economics remains unsatisfactory. This situation is partly due to the current state of development of public economics as a discipline in its own right. Still in its inception, public economics lacks an objet and a method. The topics for study are as varied as the methods of analysis (simple, but unsatisfactory, like cost-benefit analysis; interesting, though tricky to handle, like social experimentation).
À propos de la formation des fonctionnaires
Authors: Barret-Kriegel Blandine 
Published: January 2024

Concerning the Training of Civil Servants.
The initial training of Civil Servants performed in the relevant administrative schools does not allow sufficient room in the program for such basic studies as law, history, economics,... resulting in the inability of civil servants to carry out their ever-varying assignments or to demonstrate inventiveness. The article further criticizes the way the administration is organised into distinct bodies (“corps”) ; this presents two major shortcomings : early recruitment and the closed system denying access to the administration, to talented individuals from Academia, the Armed Forces or the private business sector. Consequently transfer's occur only in one direction.
Vers une nouvelle réglementation européenne des télécommunications
Authors: Amory Bernard 
Published: January 2024

Towards New European Législation on Télécommunications Bernard Amory
A vast programme aimed at introducing a new set of telecommunications regulation in the European Community is under way. The new regulatory framework has been designed by the European Commission in collaboration with interested parties (telecommunications authorities, the computer and telecommunications equipment industry, users and trade unions). The new regulations cover infrastructure, which would remain a monopoly under certain conditions, the terminal market, which will be open to competition (but with marketing being subject to approval), and the services to be liberalized (voice telephony and, for the time being, data transmission).
L’avenir de l’écologie : une pensée globale, un geste local
Authors: Rosnay Joël de 
Published: January 2024

The Future of Ecology : Global Thinking, Local Action.
The ecological approach is founded on a global view of our planet as a System and on an awareness of the fact that the earth’s resources are being plundered by man. It also presupposes a new way of thinking whereby informed and environmentally aware citizens would allow their behaviour to be influenced by ecological considerations.
Les projets publics à la recherche d’un statut : le cas des pays en développement
Authors: Claisse Alain , Mikulowski Witold 
Published: January 2024

Public Projects in Need of a Legal Statiis : the Case of Developing Countries
A large number of means are available for these projects. In some countries, the international aid (investment, technical assistance) exceeds 80% of the investment budget. The only rules applicable to these autonomous mini-structures are those established by financial backers. It is advisable that a general legal framework lay down, nationally, standard rules for the negotiation, the conception, the management and the follow-up of these projects. At the same time, this framework should make easier the most profitable transfer of goods and activities during the «post-project» phase.
Royaume-Uni. Les agences d’exécution et leur impact sur le Civil Service
Authors: Stevens Anne 
Published: January 2024

<i>United Kingdom.
The Executive Agencies and their Impact on the Civil Service </i>

Following the publication of the report “The next steps” made by the Efficiency Unit, the Executive Agencies that have since been created (30 within 2 years) represent an in-depth reform in the style and methods of government. These executive agencies are managed by a chief executive and use management methods geared towards efficiency and improvement of services rendered to the public. This reform will have consequences on the civil service which already appears less monolithic.
CEE. La spécificité de la fonction publique communautaire : l’exemple de la Commission
Authors: Figueiredo Lopes Antonio de 
Published: January 2024

<i>EEC
The Specificity of the Civil Service : the Case of the Commission </i>

Based on the career System, the Community Civil Service is divided into 4 categories, each of which resorts to compétitive examinations for recruitment. Its originality stems from the fact that it is a young and relatively small organisation with spécifie tasks and a multinational staff. Being committed to a modernization plan, the Community Civil Service administration maintains close ties with administrations of other countries, notably in the field of community affairs training for civil servants of the different countries within the Community.
L’administration de la justice au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Bell John 
Published: January 2024

Judicial Administration in Great Britain.
Judicial organization and administration in Scotland, Northern Ireland and England are separate. They do, however, contain a large number of common elements : mainly the considerable increase in the number of litigations. The solution has been to extend the powers of the lower jurisdictions and to decentralize the activities of the higher jurisdictions : a limit on the verbal nature of debates, preliminary selection procedures to limit the number of appeals, etc. On the other hand, the procedures for recruiting magistrates (from among solicitors and barristers) makes it difficult to increase their numbers.
L’exemple de la Cour internationale de justice
Authors: Guillaume Gilbert 
Published: January 2024

Administration of International Law.
The United Nations’ legal organ, the International Court of Justice, has a Clerk’s Office which enables it to carry out its judicial function in full independence. The staff of this office, who are international civil servants, perform functions related to the Court’s judicial activities as well as administrative tasks. Enjoying a certain autonomy vis-à-vis the United Nations, the Court, for example, has drawn up its own personnel regulations.
Les centres de responsabilité ou le renouveau à la portée de chaque service public ?
Authors: Tonnerre Loïc 
Published: January 2024

Centers of Responsibility : Towards Revival within the Public Service.
The «Centers of Responsibility», whose conditions for creation were established in the beginning of 1990, have been enjoying great popularity. Resting on volunteers, they are to be set up in Government services with specified missions and homogenous personnel. The resources to be allocated to specific objectives are laid down by contract and an agreement, concluded at ministerial level, provides for the easing up of certain management procedures. An annual assessment is used to evaluate the quality of management results. Flexible and well adapted to local circumstances, this formula appears to be very promising in the perspective of revamping the public service.
Le changement dans les organisations
Authors: Crozier Michel 
Published: January 2024

Organizational Change : The Crisis in the Administration.
The administration is in crisis. It is a financial and decisional crisis, as well as one of confidence, which can be explained by the difficulties involved in the passage to a post-industrial society. The old System, based on hierarchy, distance and secrecy, is no longer suitable. The administration should take inspiration from the principles of simplicity, autonomy of operational units, and government through culture, as has been applied in some companies. Preparation for decision-making, evaluation of results and use of human resources should be taken into consideration. Above all, investment should be made in knowledge, the major impetus to action.
Table ronde : Quels espaces médiatiques pour la vie de la cité ?
Authors: Cotta Michèle , Danzon Marc , Gaillard Jean-Michel , Kahn Jean-françois , Le Net Michel , Soubie Pierre , Zémor Pierre 
Published: January 2024

What is the Role of the Media in Politics ? A Round Table Discussion
Journalists, heads of communication in the public sector and higher civil servants exchange views on the role played by politics in the media, on whether propaganda for social and civil causes is needed, on the respective roles of television and the print media in public communication, and on the search for local communication.
Pourquoi un ombudsman parlementaire ?
Authors: Rowat Donald Cameron 
Published: January 2024

Why is a Legislative Ombudsman Desirable ?
A unique System for protecting citizens against maladministration, the legislative ombudsman presents combined features which make it superior to any other method for the handling of complaints and appeals against bureaucratic behaviour. The most important is its independence from the executive branch of government. Because it meets the citizen’s need for repairing injustice and enhances the accountability of the executive to the legislature, it is not surprising that this institution is expanding at ail levels of government throughout democratic world.
Le Médiateur de la République du Sénégal
Authors: Camara Ousmane 
Published: January 2024

The Institution of Mediator of the Republic in Senegal.
The Republic’s Mediator has been set up in Senegal in 1991, and granted pendent jurisdiction. It is a sui generis body. To perform his regulatory mission, Mediator benefits from various immunities and guarantees. He has no real making power but his authority enables him to instil republican ethics within institutions.
Enjeux de la politique de la culture au Québec
Authors: Arpin Roland 
Published: January 2024

The Challenge of Cultural Policy-Making in Quebec.
Since the establishment of the Ministry of cultural affairs in 1961, Quebec went through a long path leading to a true cultural policy. It is a new policy, because it brings a revision of the means of public intervention : through functional decentralization of financial support to arts, linked to regional cultural development ; by transforming a managing ministry into a driving ministry ; and by the development of municipal partnership. Cultural policy will have to face govemment’s new requirements such as decentralization of responsibilities and the privatisation of some of it’s missions.
Vers la fin de l’État culturel ?
Authors: Saez Guy 
Published: January 2024

Towards the End of the Cultural State ?
French cultural policy is frequently presented as a heavily centralized one. Yet things have evolved in recent years, leading to difficulties in understanding the political and administrative landscape of culture. There have been few institutional innovations, but the habits and regulations ruling the relationship between local authorities and central government are placed in a new context, deeply influenced by decentralization. Government has installed new cooperation procedures which are binding for ail partners. In this new pattern, State has abandonned its role of a master of ceremonies, because it is not able any more to set imperative rules and to provide substantial means on its own. So, without an institutional decentralizing reform, cultural policy is being decentralized de facto.
Le mécénat ou comment «désadministrer» la culture ?
Authors: Rigaud Jacques 
Published: January 2024

Private Sponsoring.
Private sponsoring is not a way of managing culture, even if governments are sometimes tempted to look at it as additional means for financing public initiative in the cultural field. Between public funding and the market, private sponsoring can be a third sector for cultural financing. In the context of a multipolar cultural policy emerging out of the end of the «cultural State», private sponsoring can only blossom.
L’évaluation des politiques publiques territoriales ou les débuts d’une expérience (en Bretagne notamment)
Authors: Cazanave Gilles 
Published: January 2024

The Evaluation of Local Policies... or the First Steps of an Experience (in Brittany amongst others).
Since 1990, evaluation of local policies tends to get organized, parallel to that of national policies. It does respond to a real necessity, because of the increased importance of local policies. It leads to a need to examine what is the most appropriate institutional framework, and what are the ways and means for evaluation to be implemented. Success of evaluation relies locally on a long-standing involvment of its promoters and on a pragmatic approach.
La crise du système ministériel et le développement des établissements publics et des autorités administratives indépendantes
Authors: Massera Alberto 
Published: January 2024

The Crisis of the Ministerial System and the Development of Autonomous Public Bodies and Independent Administrative Authorities
The organization of ministerial departments is quite different from the principles laid down in the “Cavour Act”. The tendency to concentrate the services within ministries has been reversed as soon as the beginning of the XXth century. Eventually, public administration has become multi-organizational : the ministerial departments have progressively lost their role as an organizational centre to the benefit of other institutions. A quest for unity has become unrealistic, but new rules and organizations have to be defined.