bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus infection and cardiovascular mortality: a cohort study
Authors: Cheong Hae Suk , Chang Yoosoo , Kim Yejin , Kwon Min-Jung , Cho Yoosun , Kim Bomi , Joo Eun-Jeong , Bae Young Ho , Kim Chanmin , Ryu Seungho 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection—a well-established risk factor for cervical cancer—has associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its relationship with CVD mortality remains uncertain. This study examined the associations between HR-HPV infection and CVD mortality.

Methods
As part of a health examination, 163 250 CVD-free Korean women (mean age: 40.2 years) underwent HR-HPV screening and were tracked for up to 17 years (median: 8.6 years). National death records identified the CVD mortality cases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.

Results
During 1 380 953 person-years of follow-up, 134 CVD deaths occurred, with a mortality rate of 9.1 per 105 person-years for HR-HPV(−) women and 14.9 per 105 person-years for HR-HPV(+) women. After adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors and confounders, the HRs (95% CI) for atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke mortality in women with HR-HPV infection compared with those without infection were 3.91 (1.85–8.26), 3.74 (1.53–9.14), and 5.86 (0.86–40.11), respectively. The association between HR-HPV infection and ASCVD mortality was stronger in women with obesity than in those without (P for interaction = .006), with corresponding HRs (95% CI) of 4.81 (1.55–14.93) for obese women and 2.86 (1.04–7.88) for non-obese women.

Conclusions
In this cohort study of young and middle-aged Korean women, at low risks for CVD mortality, those with HR-HPV infection had higher death rates from CVD, specifically ASCVD and IHD, with a more pronounced trend in obese individuals.
New Genomic Techniques applied to food cultures: a powerful contribution to innovative, safe, and sustainable food products
Authors: Dal Bello Fabio , Bocquet Laetitia , Bru Audrey , Laulund Svend , Machielsen Ronnie , Raneri Matteo , Sewalt Vincent , van Peij Noël , Ville Patrice , Volonté Federica , White Yolanda , Rusek Jakub 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nontransgenic New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) have emerged as a promising tool for food industries, allowing food cultures to contribute to an innovative, safe, and more sustainable food system. NGTs have the potential to be applied to microorganisms, delivering on challenging performance traits like texture, flavour, and an increase of nutritional value. This paper brings insights on how nontransgenic NGTs applied to food cultures could be beneficial to the sector, enabling food industries to generate innovative, safe, and sustainable products for European consumers. Microorganisms derived from NGTs have the potentials of becoming an important contribution to achieve the ambitious targets set by the European ‘Green Deal’ and ‘Farm to Fork’ policies. To encourage the development of NGT-derived microorganisms, the current EU regulatory framework should be adapted. These technologies allow the introduction of a precise, minimal DNA modification in microbial genomes resulting in optimized products carrying features that could also be achieved by spontaneous natural genetic evolution. The possibility to use NGTs as a tool to improve food safety, sustainability, and quality is the bottleneck in food culture developments, as it currently relies on lengthy natural evolution strategies or on untargeted random mutagenesis.
Peacekeeping armies: how the politics of peace operations shape military organizations
Authors: Wilén Nina , Williams Paul D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
What is a ‘peacekeeping army’? Why do some states develop them? And what influence do they have on military organizations, their soldiers and the practices of peacekeeping more broadly? This article provides the first attempt to theorize this concept and illustrate its utility with reference to specific country examples. We develop the concept by drawing on a comparative analysis of troop contributions to peace operations over time, an examination of national security documents and institutional military reforms. Specifically, we define a ‘peacekeeping army’ as one which has undertaken institutional reforms to regularly perform the military functions of peacekeeping at a relatively large scale compared to the size of its active force and has prioritized international peacekeeping as one of its top-tier priorities. We find that political, economic and institutional motives for establishing a ‘peacekeeping army’ are more important than normative and security factors. Once established, a ‘peacekeeping army’ generates significant, and diverse effects on the soldiers, the military organization, the government and potentially the practices of peacekeeping more broadly. The conclusion summarizes our main findings and identifies implications for policy.
Consideration of within-patient diversity highlights transmission pathways and antimicrobial resistance gene variability in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
Authors: McHugh Martin P , Pettigrew Kerry A , Taori Surabhi , Evans Thomas J , Leanord Alistair , Gillespie Stephen H , Templeton Kate E , Holden Matthew T G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
WGS is increasingly being applied to healthcare-associated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) outbreaks. Within-patient diversity could complicate transmission resolution if single colonies are sequenced from identified cases.

Objectives
Determine the impact of within-patient diversity on transmission resolution of VREfm.

Materials and methods
Fourteen colonies were collected from VREfm positive rectal screens, single colonies were collected from clinical samples and Illumina WGS was performed. Two isolates were selected for Oxford Nanopore sequencing and hybrid genome assembly to generate lineage-specific reference genomes. Mapping to closely related references was used to identify genetic variations and closely related genomes. A transmission network was inferred for the entire genome set using Phyloscanner.

Results and discussion
In total, 229 isolates from 11 patients were sequenced. Carriage of two or three sequence types was detected in 27% of patients. Presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids was variable within genomes from the same patient and sequence type. We identified two dominant sequence types (ST80 and ST1424), with two putative transmission clusters of two patients within ST80, and a single cluster of six patients within ST1424. We found transmission resolution was impaired using fewer than 14 colonies.

Conclusions
Patients can carry multiple sequence types of VREfm, and even within related lineages the presence of mobile genetic elements and antimicrobial resistance genes can vary. VREfm within-patient diversity could be considered in future to aid accurate resolution of transmission networks.
Non-empty open intervals of computably enumerable sQ1-degrees
Authors: Omanadze Roland , Chitaia Irakli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We prove that if $A$, $B$ are noncomputable c.e. sets, $A&lt;_{sQ_{1}}B$ and [($B$ is not simple and $A\oplus B\leq _{sQ_{1}}B$) or $B\equiv _{sQ_{1}}B\times \omega $], then there exist infinitely many pairwise $sQ_{1}$-incomparable c.e. sets $\{C_{i}\}_{i\in \omega }$ such that $A&lt;_{sQ_{1}}C_{i}&lt;_{sQ_{1}}B$, for all $i\in \omega $. We also show that there exist infinite collections of $sQ_{1}$-degrees $\{\boldsymbol {a_{i}}\}_{i\in \omega }$ and $\{\boldsymbol {b_{i}}\}_{i\in \omega }$ such that for every $i, j,$ (1) $\boldsymbol {a_{i}}&lt;_{sQ_{1}}\boldsymbol {a_{i+1}}$, $\boldsymbol {b_{j+1}}&lt;_{sQ_{1}}\boldsymbol {b_{j}}$ and $\boldsymbol {a_{i}}&lt;_{sQ_{1}}\boldsymbol {b_{j}}$; (2) every c.e set in $\boldsymbol {a_{i}}$ is a maximal set; and (3) every c.e. set in $\boldsymbol {b_{j}}$ is a non-maximal hyperhypersimple set.
We prove that a noncomputable c.e. $sQ$-degree contains either only one or infinitely many c.e. $sQ_{1}$-degrees. The $sQ_{1}$-degrees of c.e. cylinders are dense upper semilattice.
Microscopic thymoma with a thymic cyst that enlarged over a 2-year period
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Furukawa Nao , Kinoshita Hirotaka , Okabe Kazunori 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An 81-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of right lung cancer. She underwent right upper lobectomy. Pathological examination revealed stage 1A adenocarcinoma. Four months postoperatively, chest computed tomography showed a small nodule with a diameter of 6 mm at the anterior mediastinum. After 2 years, the nodule had increased to 13 mm. To confirm the diagnosis and treat the mediastinal tumor, we resected the tumor and surrounding thymic tissue by a left robotic thoracic approach, considering the adhesion in the right thoracic cavity after right pulmonary resection. The operating time was 43 min. The patient had a favorable postoperative course and was discharged 3 days after surgery. Pathological examination revealed microscopic thymoma with a diameter of 400 μm very close to a thymic cyst. Microscopic thymoma can occur around a thymic cyst without myasthenia gravis, and the thymic tissue around the anterior mediastinal cyst should be resected.
How do SGLT2 inhibitors protect the kidney? A mediation analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial
Authors: Wanner Christoph , Nangaku Masaomi , Kraus Bettina J , Zinman Bernard , Mattheus Michaela , Hantel Stefan , Schumacher Martin , Ohneberg Kristin , Schmoor Claudia , Inzucchi Silvio E 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Mechanisms underlying kidney benefits with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition in heart failure and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) with established cardiovascular disease are currently unclear.

Methods
We evaluated post hoc the factors mediating the effect of empagliflozin on a composite kidney outcome (first sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥40% reduction from baseline, initiation of renal replacement therapy or death due to kidney disease) in EMPA-REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients). Variables, calculated as change from baseline or updated mean, were evaluated as time-dependent covariates and using a landmark approach (at Week 12) in Cox regression analyses. In multivariable analyses, variables with the greatest mediating effect were added using a step-up procedure.

Results
In univariable time-dependent updated mean covariate analyses, the strongest mediator was hematocrit (99.5% mediation). Hemoglobin, uric acid and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio mediated 79.4%, 33.2% and 31.0%, respectively. Multivariable analyses were not performed due to the very strong mediation effect of hematocrit. In univariable Week 12 landmark change from baseline analyses, the strongest mediators included hematocrit (40.7%), glycated hemoglobin (28.3%), systolic blood pressure (16.8%) and free fatty acids (16.5%), which yielded a combined mediation of 78.9% in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
Changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin were the strongest mediators of empagliflozin's kidney benefits in EMPA-REG OUTCOME participants with T2D and cardiovascular disease.
L’accès à des services d’interprétation appropriés, essentiel pour la santé des enfants
Authors: Hui Charles 
Published: February 2024

Résumé
Puisque 20 % des Canadiens déclarent avoir une autre langue maternelle que le français ou l’anglais, il n’est pas rare que les professionnels de la santé et les patients maîtrisent des langues différentes. Lorsqu’un médecin et son patient ne peuvent pas communiquer correctement, ils courent le risque de mal se comprendre, ce qui peut se solder par de mauvais résultats cliniques et une réadmission hospitalière. Les services d’interprétation professionnels sont associés à une amélioration de la communication, de l’utilisation des soins, des résultats cliniques et de la satisfaction envers les soins. Il est démontré que le recours à des interprètes non formés ou improvisés, y compris les membres de la famille, accroît les erreurs d’omission, les substitutions, les modifications volontaires et les ajouts. Les enfants et les adolescents n’ont pas acquis une maturité développementale suffisante pour agir en qualité d’interprètes dans le milieu de la santé. Dans un tel contexte, ils sont mis dans une situation inappropriée avec laquelle il peut être difficile de composer et qui peut compromettre durablement à la fois leur propre santé mentale et leur relation avec les autres membres de la famille.
New sights in ectopic varices in portal hypertension
Authors: He K , Pang K , Yan X , Wang Q , Wu D 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEctopic varices and associated bleeding, although rare, pose a significant risk to patients with portal hypertension, carrying a relatively high mortality rate. These varices can occur in various anatomical regions, excluding the gastroesophageal region, which is typically associated with portal vein drainage. The limited data available in the literature, derived mostly from case reports and series, make the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic variceal bleeding particularly challenging. Furthermore, it is crucial to recognize that ectopic varices in different sites can exhibit variations in key decision-making factors such as aetiology and vascular anatomy, severity and bleeding risk and hepatic reserve. These factors significantly influence treatment strategies and underscore the importance of adopting individualized management approaches. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental knowledge surrounding ectopic varices and to propose site-oriented, stepwise diagnosis and treatment algorithms for this complex clinical issue. A multidisciplinary treatment approach is strongly recommended in managing ectopic varices. In addition, to enhance clinical reference, we have included typical case reports of ectopic varices in various sites in our review, while being mindful of potential publication bias.
Circulating Tfh cells are differentially modified by abatacept or TNF blockers and predict treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Monjo-Henry Irene , Uyaguari Mariela , Nuño Laura , Nieto-Carvalhal Beatriz , Fernández-Fernández Elisa , Peiteado Diana , Villalba Alejandro , García-Carazo Sara , Balsa Alejandro , Miranda-Carús María-Eugenia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
CD4+CXCR5+PD-1hi follicular helper T (Tfh) cells dwell in the germinal centres (GCs) of lymphoid organs and participate in RA pathogenesis. The frequency of their circulating counterparts (cTfh frequency) is expanded in RA and correlates with the pool of GC Tfh cells. Our objective was to study the effect of abatacept (ABT) or TNF blockers (TNFbs) on the cTfh frequency in RA.

Methods
Peripheral blood was drawn from seropositive, long-standing RA patients chronically receiving conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs; n = 45), TNFb (n = 59) or ABT (n = 34) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 137). Also, patients with an incomplete response to csDMARDs (n = 41) who initiated TNFb (n = 19) or ABT (n = 22) were studied at 0 and 12 months. The cTfh frequency was examined by cytometry.

Results
As compared with HCs, an increased cTfh frequency was seen in seropositive, long-standing RA patients chronically receiving csDMARDs or TNFb but not ABT. After changing from csDMARDs, the cTfh frequency did not vary in patients who were given TNFb but decreased to HC levels in those given ABT. In the ABT group, the baseline cTfh frequency was higher for patients who attained 12-month remission (12mr) vs those who remained active (12ma): 0 month cut-off for remission &gt;0.38% [sensitivity 92%, specificity 90%, odds ratio (OR) 25.3]. Conversely, in the TNFb group, the baseline cTfh frequency was lower for 12mr vs 12ma: 0 month cut-off for non-remission &gt;0.44% (sensitivity 67%, specificity 90%, OR 8.5).

Conclusion
ABT but not TNFb was able to curtail the cTfh frequency in RA. A higher baseline cTfh frequency predicts a good response to ABT but a poor response to TNFb.
Glutathione safeguards TET‐dependent DNA demethylation and is critical for the acquisition of totipotency and pluripotency during preimplantation development
Authors: Liu Juan , Chu Meiqiang , Zhang Jingyu , He Jiale , Yang Qianying , Tao Li , Wang Zhaochen , Yao Fusheng , Zhao Wei , Ouyang Si , Chen Lei , Zhang Shuai , Gao Shuai , Tian Jianhui , Ren Likun , An Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring early development, both genome‐wide epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic remodeling are hallmark changes of normal embryogenesis. However, little is known about their relationship and developmental functions during the preimplantation window, which is essential for the acquisition of totipotency and pluripotency. Herein, we reported that glutathione (GSH), a ubiquitous intracellular protective antioxidant that maintains mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis, plays a critical role in safeguarding postfertilization DNA demethylation and is essential for establishing developmental potential in preimplantation embryos. By profiling mitochondria‐related transcriptome that coupled with different pluripotency, we found GSH is a potential marker that is tightly correlated with full pluripotency, and its beneficial effect on prompting developmental potential was functionally conformed using in vitro fertilized mouse and bovine embryos as the model. Mechanistic study based on preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells further revealed that GSH prompts the acquisition of totipotency and pluripotency by facilitating ten‐eleven‐translocation (TET)‐dependent DNA demethylation, and ascorbic acid (AsA)‐GSH cycle is implicated in the process. In addition, we also reported that GSH serves as an oviductal paracrine factor that supports development potential of preimplantation embryos. Thus, our results not only advance the current knowledge of functional links between epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic remodeling during preimplantation development but also provided a promising approach for improving current in vitro culture system for assisted reproductive technology.
Functional recovery following traumatic brain injury in rats is enhanced by oral supplementation with bovine thymus extract
Authors: Surzenko Natalia , Bastidas Johana , Reid Robert W. , Curaba Julien , Zhang Wei , Bostan Hamed , Wilson Mickey , Dominique Ashley , Roberson Julia , Ignacio Glicerio , Komarnytsky Slavko , Sanders Alexa , Lambirth Kevin , Brouwer Cory R. , El‐Khodor Bassem F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are currently no effective treatments for TBI, and trauma survivors suffer from a variety of long‐lasting health consequences. With nutritional support recently emerging as a vital step in improving TBI patients' outcomes, we sought to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of nutritional supplements derived from bovine thymus gland, which can deliver a variety of nutrients and bioactive molecules. In a rat model of controlled cortical impact (CCI), we determined that animals supplemented with a nuclear fraction of bovine thymus (TNF) display greatly improved performance on beam balance and spatial memory tests following CCI. Using RNA‐Seq, we identified an array of signaling pathways that are modulated by TNF supplementation in rat hippocampus, including those involved in the process of autophagy. We further show that bovine thymus‐derived extracts contain antigens found in neural tissues and that supplementation of rats with thymus extracts induces production of serum IgG antibodies against neuronal and glial antigens, which may explain the enhanced animal recovery following CCI through possible oral tolerance mechanism. Collectively, our data demonstrate, for the first time, the potency of a nutritional supplement containing nuclear fraction of bovine thymus in enhancing the functional recovery from TBI.
Not all platelet-rich plasma are created equal
Authors: Cantero Manuel Muñoz 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of reviewThis review aims to elucidate potential variations in clinical outcomes resulting from the use of different types of platelet-rich plasma (PRPs) in reproductive medicine. It seeks to explore the reasons behind the diverse results reported in various studies and assess the general features distinguishing different PRP formulations.Recent findingsPRPs have found applications across diverse medical fields, generating controversy due to the variability in outcomes. The field of reproductive medicine, despite its limited published studies, is encountering a similar challenge as it integrates these treatments.SummaryThe multitude of PRP product brands in the market, coupled with ‘home-made’ PRPs, poses a significant barrier to establishing a common protocol for the preparation of standardized PRP products. This impediment hinders widespread adoption by clinicians, particularly in endometrial or ovarian treatments. Drawing from evidence in other medical disciplines, this review endeavors to compile essential characteristics that PRPs must possess, aiming to mitigate the impact of variables affecting results in forthcoming studies.
Single versus multiple arterial coronary artery bypass grafting in men and women: Results from Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgery Procedures
Authors: Aboul-Hassan Sleiman Sebastian , Hirnle Grzegorz , Perek Bartlomiej , Jemielity Marek , Hirnle Tomasz , Brykczynski Miroslaw , Deja Marek , Rogowski Jan , Cisowski Marek , Krejca Michal , Anisimowicz Lech , Widenka Kazimierz , Gerber Witold , Pacholewicz Jerzy , Bugajski Pawel , Stepinski Piotr , Maruszewski Bohdan J , Cichon Romuald , Hrapkowicz Tomasz ,   KROK Investigators
Published: February 2024

Background:
The objective of this multicenter study aimed to investigate the impact of sex on long-term survival among patients with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) using multiple arterial grafting (MAG) or a single artery with saphenous vein grafts (SAG).

Materials and methods:
Data were obtained from the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgery Procedures database. This study included 81,136 patients who underwent CABG for multivessel disease between January 2012 and December 2020 (22.9% were women and 77.1% were men). MAG was performed in 8.3% and 11.7% of female and male patients, respectively. A 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matching was performed. Long-term mortality was compared between matched groups of men and women. Subgroup analyses of patients aged <70 and ≥70 years, with an ejection fraction (EF) >40% and ≤40%, and with and without diabetes, obesity, peripheral artery disease (PAD), or chronic lung disease (CLD) were performed separately in women and men.

Results:
MAG was associated with lower long-term mortality than SAG in 1,528 PS-matched female pairs (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.92; P = 0.007) and 7,283 PS-matched male pairs (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72–0.88; P <0.001). Subgroup analyses confirmed the results among female patients aged <70 years, with diabetes and EF >40%, and without PAD or CLD, and of male patients aged <70 and ≥70 years; with EF >40%; with or without diabetes, obesity, or PAD; and without CLD.

Conclusions:
In patients undergoing CABG, MAG was associated with significantly improved survival in both sexes. The long-term benefits of MAG observed across subgroups of men and women support the consideration of a multi-arterial revascularization strategy for a broader spectrum of patients.