bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citric Acid Demineralization and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Grafts
Authors: Caffesse Raul G. , De LaRosa Manuel , Garza Marianela , Munne‐Travers Anne , Mondragon Javier C. , Weltman Robin 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect, if any, of citric acid root demineralization in the outcome of subepithelial connective tissue grafts performed to cover localized gingival recessions.Methods: Thirty‐six patients participated, each providing one gingival recession; 19 received citric acid demineralization, while 17 did not. All were treated surgically with subepithelial connective tissue grafts and followed for 6 months. At baseline and 6 months, the following parameters were recorded: plaque index, gingival index, recession height, probing depth, recession width, and amount of keratinized tissue. Data were analyzed statistically to 1) evaluate the results achieved with each procedure individually over time and 2) compare the results obtained with the 2 procedures after 6 months.Results: Results showed significant reductions in recession height after 6 months independently of whether citric acid was applied or not (2.79 ± 0.79 versus 2.56 ± 0.73). Similarly, recession width was significantly reduced (3.74 ± 1.19 versus 3.50 ± 0.73), and the width of keratinized tissue was significantly increased (2.47 ± 1.6 versus 2.3 ± 1.2). No significant changes in probing depth were found (‐0.16 ± 0.06 versus ‐0.13 ± 0.81). No significant differences were found when both techniques were compared in any one of the parameters analyzed (all P >0.30).Conclusions: It is concluded that: 1) the subepithelial connective tissue graft procedure provides a satisfactory solution in the treatment of localized gingival recessions, and 2) citric acid demineralization does not affect the clinical outcome of the surgical technique. J Periodontol 2000;71:568‐572.
Periodontal Treatment Decisions for Molars: An Analysis of Influencing Factors and Long‐Term Outcome
Authors: Svärdström Gram , Wennström Jan L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was 1) to analyze factors influencing the treatment decision for periodontitis‐affected molars and 2) to evaluate the long‐term outcome of the decision. The treatment alternatives included in the analysis were maintenance of the tooth with only non‐surgically/surgically performed scaling/root planing with or without furcation plasty, root separation/resection, and tooth extraction.Methods: Data collected from a total of 1,313 first and second molars in 222 patients (mean age 45 years; range 14 to 73 years), referred for periodontal treatment, were analyzed with respect to treatment decisions for furcation‐involved teeth. The patients had been examined with respect to oral hygiene status, gingival conditions, probing depth, furcation involvement, and radiographic bone height before and after active periodontal treatment. Frequencies, mean values and standard deviations were calculated for the various variables assessed. Multiple regression models were formulated in order to analyze the influence of various variables on treatment decisions. One‐hundred and sixty (72%) of the patients agreed to participate in a follow‐up examination to determine the clinical and radiographic status of the molars 8 to 12 years after the active phase of treatment for evaluation of the long‐term outcome of the treatment decision.Results: Twenty‐eight percent of the molars were extracted and 4% were root separated/resected. Factors found to significantly influence the decision of tooth extraction were tooth mobility, tooth position, lack of occlusal antagonism, degree of furcation involvement, and remaining bone support. Of the factors analyzed with respect to root separation/resection, molar position and degree of furcation involvement showed the strongest influence on the treatment decision. The 8‐ to 12‐year follow‐up examination revealed that 96% of the molars subjected to non‐resective therapy were still in function. The corresponding figure for root separated/resected molars was 89%. Loss of radiographic bone support during the 10‐year follow‐up period was 0.1 to 0.6 mm for the various molars with the highest value for maxillary second molars.Conclusions: A conservative approach to the treatment of molars with even deep furcation invasions may show a high long‐term success rate, provided maintenance care is offered. J Periodontol 2000;71:579‐585.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastatic to the Oral Mucosa: Report of a Case With Multiple Gingival Localizations
Authors: Maiorano Eugenio , Piattelli Adriano , Favia Gianfranco 
Published: February 2005

Background: Metastases to the oral mucosa are rare, representing less than 1% of the tumors at this site. Most of these metastatic neoplasms originate in the lungs, kidneys, and liver.Methods: The clinicopathologic features of an occult hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic to the oral mucosa, are reported. The patient, a 70‐year‐old male, complained of 3 distinct polypoid, reddish lesions of the antero‐inferior alveolar crest and both the right and left postero‐superior attached gingiva, without bone involvement. The lesions were excised, with the clinical diagnosis of multiple vascular tumors, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Consecutive sections were immunostained for α‐1‐antichymotrypsin, CEA, cytokeratins, EMA, hepatocyte antigen, PSA, S‐100 protein, and thyroglobulin, using the alkaline phosphatase/anti‐alkaline phosphatase technique.Results: The morphologic features of the lesions were consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoma with trabecular and glandular patterns and bile secretion; furthermore, immunohistochemical reactivity for α‐1‐antichymotrypsin, cytokeratins, CEA, EMA, and hepatocyte antigen was demonstrated and the hepatic origin of the tumor was postulated. Ultrasonography demonstrated a liver mass, which was biopsied and treated by chemoembolization. While no further complications occurred in the oral mucosa, the patient died 8 months after the diagnosis for widespread diffusion of the tumor to the lungs and brain.Conclusions: This case emphasizes the need to include metastatic tumors in the differential diagnosis of atypical neoplasms of the oral mucosa and to evaluate the opportunity of surgical treatment in order to preserve the functions of the mouth, even if the prognosis of the primary tumors remains unfavorable. J Periodontol 2000;71:641‐645.
Position Paper: Diabetes and Periodontal Diseases
Authors:   The Research, Science and Therapy Committee of The American Academy of Periodontology
Published: February 2005

Erratum: The Position Paper on Diabetes and Periodontal Diseases published in the August 1999 issue of the Journal of Periodontology (1999;70:935‐949) contained an erratum. The entire corrected paper is published below.This position paper on diabetes mellitus was prepared by the Research, Science and Therapy Committee of The American Academy of Periodontology. It is intended to: 1) update members of the dental profession on the diagnosis and medical management of patients with diabetes mellitus; 2) summarize current knowledge on the relation between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases; 3) provide an overview of factors in diabetic patients relevant to understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases in these subjects; 4) outline special considerations associated with treatment of periodontal diseases in diabetic patients; and 5) discuss possible approaches to the management of diabetic emergencies in the dental office. J Periodontol 2000;71:664‐678.
Use of a Fluorogenic Septapeptide Matrix Metalloproteinase Assay to Assess Responses to Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Bhide Vinay M. , Smith Lloyd , Overall Christopher M. , Birek Peter , McCulloch Christopher A.G. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Quantification of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase activity may provide improved assessment of periodontal disease status and response to treatment. A fluorogenic matrix metalloproteinase substrate assay (FSA) has been developed using a methoxycoumarin‐containing septapeptide analog of the α2(I) collagen cleavage site. This substrate exhibits increased fluorescence following cleavage by many matrix metalloproteinases, and the enzyme activity can be readily estimated with a fluorimeter. Here we compared this assay with classical methods of periodontal assessment including bleeding on probing, crevicular fluid flow, and probing depth to assess its utility as an indicator of changes in periodontal status and treatment response.Methods: Complete measurements of probing depth were obtained for Ramfjord teeth on subjects who had been previously treated for periodontitis. Subjects were subsequently divided into groups based on existing periodontal disease severity: gingivitis (n = 21), stable periodontitis (n = 41), and severe periodontitis (n = 50). Crevicular fluid volume, bleeding on probing, and FSA were measured at each Ramfjord tooth or substitute. After baseline measurements, subjects received subgingival scaling and prophylaxis; 3 months later, they were reassessed.Results: FSA measurements were positively associated with severity of disease at baseline. After treatment there were substantial reductions of FSA in gingivitis (∼51%; P <0.01) and severe periodontitis (∼45%; P <0.001), but not in stable periodontitis (13%; P >0.2). All groups showed a positive association between FSA measurements and higher bleeding scores at individual sites. FSA measurements were also positively associated with crevicular fluid flow at baseline, but after treatment there was a ∼67% decrease (P <0.01) in the highest crevicular fluid flow class. There were significant reductions of FSA at follow‐up for sites with probing depths between 0 to 3 mm (23%; P <0.05) and 4 to 6 mm (31%; P <0.05). However, the largest reduction was for sites with probing depth between 7 to 9 mm (49%; P <0.001).Conclusions: These results indicate that monitoring patients by measurement of matrix metalloproteinase levels in gingival crevicular fluid with the quenched fluorescent substrate assay provides estimates of inflammatory status, periodontal destruction, and response to treatment, especially in more severe periodontitis lesions. J Periodontol 2000; 71:690‐700.
The Detection and Comparison of Angiogenesis‐Associated Factors in Pyogenic Granuloma by Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Yuan Kuo , Jin Ying‐Tai , Lin Ming T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Pyogenic granuloma is a benign inflammatory lesion demonstrating obvious activity of angiogenesis. Female steroid hormones are believed to play important roles in the etiology because the lesion is frequently found in females with high levels of sex hormones. Few molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis have been proposed and proven. The purpose of this study was to detect and compare the expression of angiogenesis‐associated factors among healthy gingiva, gingiva from periodontitis, and pyogenic granuloma to clarify the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma.Methods: Fifteen specimens were collected from each of 3 groups of gingiva (healthy gingiva, periodontitis, and pyogenic granuloma). The subjects were age and gender matched. The specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry to detect and compare the expression of 2 angiogenesis enhancers, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 2 angiogenesis inhibitors, i.e., angiostatin and thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1), and estrogen receptor (ER). Using the subject as the unit of statistical analysis, either analysis of variance or chi‐square analysis was employed to show the statistically significant difference at a level P <0.05.Results: The pyogenic granuloma group expressed significantly more VEGF and bFGF than healthy gingiva and periodontitis. The positive staining of VEGF was mostly localized in the cytoplasm of macrophages and fibroblasts while that of bFGF was in the extracellular matrix of lamina propria. Angiostatin was expressed significantly less in pyogenic granuloma than the other 2 groups and was mostly localized in the nuclei of endothelial cells and epithelial cells. There was no significant difference in the expression of TSP‐1 and ER among the 3 groups.Conclusions: The results of this research suggest that the etiology of pyogenic granuloma is due to the imbalance between angiogenesis enhancers and inhibitors. Whether and how the angiogenesisassociated factors are regulated by female steroid hormones remain to be answered. J Periodontol 2000;71:701‐709.
The Effects of Sustained Release Doxycycline on the Anaerobic Flora and Antibiotic‐Resistant Patterns in Subgingival Plaque and Saliva
Authors: Walker Clay B. , Godowski Kenneth C. , Borden Loretta , Lennon Jennifer , Nangó Sonia , Stone Constance , Garrett Steven 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of periodontal treatment with a sustained‐release, biodegradable gel containing 8.5% doxycycline on the anaerobic flora and on antibiotic susceptibility patterns associated with subgingival plaque and saliva.Methods: Forty‐five subjects with adult periodontitis were entered into a parallel design, single‐blind study of 6 months' duration. The subjects were randomized to receive either doxycycline treatment (n = 23) or oral hygiene instruction/reinforcement (n = 22). Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected prior to and at 7, 21, 91, and 182 days after initiation of treatment. The proportion of the cultivable flora resistant to 10 µg doxycycline/ml was determined relative to total anaerobic counts, and the 3 most predominant colony types resistant to doxycycline were individually enumerated. A representative of each was subcultured, identified to genus and species level, and tested for its susceptibilities to 6 antibiotics.Results: A significant decrease (P <0.01) in total anaerobic counts following doxycycline treatment caused a transient increase in the proportion, but not in the actual counts, of doxycycline‐resistant bacteria recovered from both plaque and saliva at 7 and 21 days but not at 91 or 182 days. The same doxycycline‐resistant taxa were recovered at all sample periods including baseline. Regardless of treatment, the isolates were similarly distributed and belonged to the same bacterial groups.Conclusions: Doxycycline treatment significantly reduced the anaerobic population in plaque but did not result in a change in either the number of resistant bacteria present or the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. J Periodontol 2000;71:768‐774.
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Curved Bristle and Conventional Toothbrush. A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Chava Vijay K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the plaque‐removing ability of a curved bristle toothbrush compared to a conventional, straight bristle, manual toothbrush.Methods: The study group consisted of 100 volunteers 16 to 24 years of age from a professional engineering college. A fourweek post‐prophylaxis, parallel, longitudinal, double‐blind clinical study was conducted; all volunteers were instructed in specific oral hygiene techniques. Plaque was assessed at baseline and at the end of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks using the Quigley‐Hein plaque index after disclosing with erythrosin red. Gingival status was assessed at baseline and at the end of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks by using the gingival index of Löe and Silness.Results: Comparative assessment showed a mean of 2.11 ± 0.086 mm for group 1 and 2.37 ± 0.216 mm for group 2, indicating a significant difference between the plaque‐removing efficacy of the curved bristle and straight bristle toothbrush.Conclusions: The curved bristle toothbrush was significantly more effective in removing plaque overall than the conventional toothbrush. J Periodontol 2000;71:785‐789.
A Histopathological Investigation on the Effects of the Bisphosphonate Alendronate on Resorptive Phase Following Mucoperiosteal Flap Surgery in the Mandible of Rats
Authors: Kaynak Deniz , Meffert Roland , Günhan Meral , Günhan Ömer , Özkaya Özay 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study was designed to examine histopathologically whether local delivery of aminobisphosphonate (alendronate) could be effective in preventing the alveolar bone resorption associated with mucoperiosteal flaps.Methods: Following mucoperiosteal flap elevation in the molar region of the rat mandible, a surgical pellet soaked with aminobisphosphonate was locally applied on the exposed bone surface and covered by flap. The determined parameters with a semi‐quantitative subjective method for the histopathological evaluation were as follows: existing inflammatory cell infiltration of the related periodontal tissue; fibrotic component content and bundles of collagen fibers; the number and morphology of osteoclasts of the alveolar bone and interdental septum; existing resorption lacunae (osteoclast surfaces); and existing osteoblastic activity (forming surfaces).Results: The results showed that while there were no detectable statistically significant differences between the saline and alendronate‐treated groups on the existing inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), number of osteoclasts, and osteoblastic activity, the results for the fibrotic and collagen component, osteoclast morphologies, and existing resorption lacunae were statistically significant.Conclusions: These results suggest that local application of the aminobisphosphonate alendronate can be used as an adjunct in therapy for reducing bone resorption following surgery. It can also be suggested for consideration that, even for the surgical approaches in dentistry where bone graft materials and/or dental implants are needed, using bisphosphonate may achieve a new dimension in periodontal therapy in the near future. J Periodontol 2000; 71:790‐796.
The Clinical Effectiveness of Implants Placed Immediately Into Fresh Extraction Sites of Molar Teeth
Authors: Schwartz‐Arad Devorah , Grossman Yoav , Chaushu Gavriel 
Published: February 2005

Background: Studies concerning immediate implantation describe its use in the anterior and premolar regions. However, its clinical effectiveness in immediately replacing molar teeth has rarely been challenged. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of implants placed immediately after extraction of molar teeth to support a fixed ceramo‐metal prosthesis.Methods: From 1989 to 1996, 56 immediate implants were placed in 43 patients following extraction of 51 molars; 46 molars were replaced by 1 implant and 5 molars replaced by 2 implants. All implants were restored with fixed prostheses (4 single crowns and 52 splinted). Mean follow‐up period was 15 months (range, 4 to 60 months). The influence of the following parameters on implant failure was evaluated: gender, arch, smoking, pre‐extraction vertical bone loss, implant length, and severity of complications between the two stages of surgery.Results: The 5‐year cumulative survival rate (5‐year CSR) was 89%. The 5‐year CSR among men was 84% compared to 93.5% among women. The maxillary 5‐year CSR was 82% and the mandibular 92%. Among non‐smokers (50 implants), the 5‐year CSR was 90% compared to 83% among smokers (6 implants). Complications were evident in 8 (6 minor, 2 major) out of 50 non‐failing implants compared to 2 (minor) of the 6 failing implants. No differences were evident in the other study variables.Conclusions: Immediate implantation in the molar region is an alternative, predictable surgical treatment. Immediate implantation in the posterior mandible has a better prognosis than in the posterior maxilla. J Periodontol 2000;71:839‐844.
Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibition Prevents Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Bezerra Mirna M. , de Lima Vilma , Alencar Veruska B.M. , Vieira Ivana B. , Brito Gerly Anne C. , Ribeiro Ronaldo A. , Rocha Francisco Airton C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Prostaglandins are implicated in periodontal bone destruction. We investigated the effect of a non‐selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (indomethacin‐IND) or a type 2 COX inhibitor (meloxicam‐MLX) in an experimental periodontal disease (EPD) model.Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to placement of a nylon thread ligature around the maxillary molars and sacrificed after 7 days. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was measured in one quadrant as the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and the alveolar bone. The other quadrant was processed for histopathologic analysis. Daily weight and white blood cell count were recorded. Groups were treated subcutaneously for 7 days with either IND (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg) or MLX (0.75, 1.5, or 3 mg/kg). Controls received no treatment. Macroscopic analysis of the gastric mucosa was done. The control group did not receive any manipulation, and a non‐treated group consisted of rats subjected to periodontitis that received no pharmacological treatment.Results: In the non‐treated (NT) group, there was significant ABL, severe mononuclear influx, and an increase in osteoclast numbers. Significant neutrophilia and lymphomonocytosis occurred at 6 hours and at 7 days, respectively, as compared to controls. Significant weight loss persisted until the seventh day in the NT group. Both IND and MLX reduced ABL and histopathologic changes. Neutrophilia and lymphomonocytosis were also significantly reversed. Both IND and MLX induced earlier weight recovery. The stomachs of the IND (1 and 2 mg/kg) groups presented hemorrhage and ulcers, whereas in the MLX‐treated groups, there were mild petechiae just in the 3 mg/kg group.Conclusions: COX inhibition prevented ABL in this experimental periodontal disease model. MLX displays similar efficacy and less gastric damage than IND. MLX may provide a better risk/benefit ratio in the treatment of human periodontitis than non‐selective COX inhibitors. J Periodontol 2000;71:1009‐1014.