bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity, and chromatographic study of Camellia sinensis
Authors: Omran Aseel Mohammad , Al Sa’ady Amal Talib , Saleh Rasha Hadi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study highlights the use of plants as a vital part of Iraq’s health care. One of the most significant plants for medicine is Camellia sinensis.

Objectives:
phytochemically and chromatographically evaluation of C. sinensis and its antibacterial activity.

Materials and Methods:
The phytochemical analysis revealed the occurrence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols, but glycosides are not found in extracts of C. sinensis leaves. Antibacterial efficacy of the herbal extracts revealed that both aqueous and ethanol extracts showed some degree of inhibition of growth in Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Results:
Nine functional groups were identified through Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer, and 10 phytochemical compounds were identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrum in the ethanol extract. The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic green tea extracts was tested. Both types of extracts showed clear biological activity against the studied bacterial species; the inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentration, with the highest activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts against Salmonella spp.(inhibition zone 40, 36 mm, respectively) at 200 mg/mL, but less inhibitory effect appears on S. pyogenes when using aqueous extract (12 mm) at 50 mg/mL and (18 mm) at 200 mg/mL.

Conclusions:
Various therapeutically active compounds are present in the aqueous and ethanolic extract of C. sinensis, which encourages its use in the treatment of microbial infections. Further investigations are needed for the chemical composition of green tea, and other techniques like HPLC may be used. Further tests are necessary for its antimicrobial activity, either in vitro or in vivo.
Multi-factors assessment in COVID-19 patients: Fungal infection, ABO blood group, and age factors
Authors: Al-Janabi Uday H K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious and global public health concern. Severity of infection, fatality rates, and treatment responses across different countries, age groups, and demographic groups suggest that the nature of infection is diverse.

Objectives:
Evaluation of several factors: presence of fungal infection, analysis of ABO blood group distribution pattern, age distribution, percentage of death, and well-being outcome for each blood group patient.

Materials and Methods:
Data collection included the presence of fungal infection and measurement of its percentage. Classification of patients according to ABO blood group and measuring their mean age distribution and death-wellbeing outcome.

Results:
This study showed the presence of 5% of fungal infection among the patients. This study showed that the distribution of ABO blood group in 90 patients with COVID-19 was as follows: 38.9% (35), 28.9% (26), 26.7% (24), and 5.6% (5) for O, A, B, and AB blood group patients respectively. The analysis of variance study revealed no significant difference in age distribution between different ABO blood group patients. The outcome for these patients was that 35.6% died and 64.4% recovered. A higher percentage of deaths occurred in patients with B blood group (approximately 45.8%, 11 out of 24 patients) and a lower percentage of deaths noted in patients with A blood group (about 34.6%, 9 out of 26 patients). The higher percentage of recovery was among O blood group patients with 71.4% (25 out of 35 patients). The lower percentage of recovery was among B blood group patients with 54.2% (13 out of 24 patients).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that despite the higher percentage of COVID-19 infections in patients with O blood group, its high good outcome is promising. On the other hand, this point must be taken into consideration while planning vaccinations, since patients with B blood group have a high percentage of deaths and lower percentage of recovery.
THE ROLE OF HEALTH BENEFITS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN KENYA SCHOOL OF LAW
Authors: Mugo Shelmith , Bula Hannah 
Published: February 2024

Without a doubt, the most significant valuable asset for every company is its workforce. Retaining and satisfying staff is the hardest thing a business can do in today's cutthroat economy. Being a business owner means you have to find ways to cut expenses without sacrificing the quality of your net outcome. Therefore, although employers want more from their staff, employees also want more from them. Rewarding workers for putting out their best effort to come up with innovative ideas that improve company efficiency and further enhance both the financial and non-financial performance of the firm is one of the most effective ways to inspire employees. Kenya School of Law faces challenges pertaining to rewards strategies due to inadequate budgetary allocation and prolonged policy development processes that have affected employee performance. Recently, the Kenya School of Law reported reduced staff and staff dissatisfaction as among the reasons for not meeting its objectives. This thus justified the need as to why this study was carried out, with the aim to examine reward strategies and the performance of employees in Kenya School of Law. The specific objective of the study was: to analyze the effect of healthcare benefits on the performance of employees in Kenya School of Law. The study utilized a descriptive research design. The study targeted 155 respondents who are employees of the Kenya School of Law. The census approach was adopted as a result of the limited size of the research population. Both open and closed-ended questions in the questionnaire tool were employed to collect primary data from the respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 and Microsoft Excel and through inferential statistics mainly through multiple regression analysis. The study concludes that healthcare benefits should be taken into consideration since they had a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at the Kenya School of Law.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0605/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
La philosophie en creux de la théologie
Authors: Chukurian Aurélien 
Published: February 2024

Cet article ambitionne d’explorer les enjeux philosophiques traversant la pensée théologique de Paul Tillich, en se concentrant sur un recueil de sermons, adressés à un public universitaire, intitulé Le Nouvel Être, ouvrage paru en 1955, objet d’une nouvelle traduction, proposée par le théologien André Gounelle aux éditions Labor et Fides (2022). L’article repère alors, au sein de la méditation tillichienne sur la Nouvelle Réalité apportée par le Christ, quatre lieux de résonances philosophiques. D’un côté, le traitement tillichien des thématiques de la vérité et de la sagesse témoigne d’un rapport explicite à la philosophie, tandis que, de l’autre, l’articulation conçue par Tillich entre amour et justice et sa conception de la certitude contiennent des implications philosophiques sous-jacentes.Dès lors, ces quatre points d’ancrage contribuent à dessiner les contours d’un dialogue entre philosophie et théologie, en étant attentif aussi bien au regard propre porté par Tillich sur la philosophie, consistant dans une reconnaissance critique, qu’à la manière dont sa réflexion théologique sur le message évangélique du Nouvel Être, qui a surgi avec le Christ, déploie une conceptualité qui intéresse l’histoire de la philosophie.
Why and how should high school students learn Basic Life Support?
Authors: Shah Kriya , Yugawa Deanne 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Cardiovascular deaths (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in India. Basic Life Support (BLS) training of target groups can help in reducing mortality and morbidity in out of hospital cardiac arrests. High school students are uniquely positioned for this training through a structured learning program, but very is known about high school students’ awareness of BLS.
Aim: This study aims to understand the awareness about BLS and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among high school students.
Methods: A questionnaire-based survey about awareness and willingness to learn BLS and CPR was sent online to 120 students of an urban high school.
Results: A total of 114 students with a mean age of 15.2 +1.8 years responded. 48 students were male (42%) and 66 students were female (58%). Only 38% participants had previously heard about BLS. A vast majority of students correctly answered the full form of BLS (88%), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (94%), and CPR (99%). However, relatively few students (10%) had a BLS-certified family member and 64% of students chose the wrong option for national medical emergency helpline. Despite these numbers, this student population indicated willingness for training in BLS (79%) and willingness to perform CPR in future (78%). When asked who they would prefer to be trained in BLS by, 67.5% believed healthcare workers would be most appropriate.
Conclusion: Although there is an overall lack of awareness of BLS amongst high schoolers, they show signs of willingness to learn BLS and apply their skills in potential lifesaving situations.
Efficient Biofuel Generation of Plants via Enzymes
Authors: Mani Vega 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to observe the Efficiency of Biofuel Generation of Plants Using Enzymes. The question being asked is at which concentration of glucose will yeast fermentation rates be the most efficient in order to produce Ethanol through fermentation? It was predicted glucose concentrations and ethanol production rates would increase simultaneously. Ethanol is a renewable transportation fuel made from plants. Methods for researching this topic includes studying the environmental impacts of Ethanol, how it is produced, the process of enzyme digestion, the differences between cellulose and cellulase and the process of yeast alcohol fermentation. The methodology required for this experiment includes creating eight samples: Cellulase + Yeast, Cellulose + Yeast, Cellulase + Cellulose + Yeast, Cellulase + Cellulose + No yeast, and all four concentrations of glucose in separate samples (0.5%, 1%, 3% and 5%). The apparatus used to collect the data is made up of a syringe attached to a pipette, each sample started at a given volume of mL then as the samples began fermenting and releasing CO2 data was recorded for 15 minutes in 1 minute intervals.The volume of carbon dioxide released corresponds to the amount of sugar (glucose) fermented. The results of this experiment show a correlation between the increased rate of ethanol production as glucose concentrations increase. The interaction between cellulose and cellulase demonstrate the process of producing glucose through enzyme digestion.
An Analysis of Interventional Clinical Trials and Trends in Potential Glioblastoma Therapeutics
Authors: Uddanti Ananya 
Published: February 2024

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), an aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, carries a poor prognosis. This research aimed to analyze the current and future trends of interventional GBM clinical trials. Analyzed trials met the following eligibility criteria: registration between January 1st, 2012, and July 19, 2022, of interventional study type, in trial phases II-IV, and were either completed, recruiting, or active. Of 1,728 GBM-related trials, 336 were eligible. A majority of trials were of open-label masking (89.58%, n=301), academia-sponsored (44.94%, n=151), and systemic interventions (87.20%, n=293). Despite an increasing trend in the number of trials initiated, other findings provided a basis for concern: negligible focus on localized interventions, minimal funding by industry, and widespread use of open-label maskingof funding by industry and minimal trials examining localized therapies hinders the availability of interventions and the improvement of treatment techniques, respectively. Likewise, open-label masking is not the standard, nor is the use supported in clinical trial studies, as it does not eliminate placebo responses. These conclusions are the basis of concerns and areas of improvement in the GBM clinical trial landscape.
Freezing of Gait Classification in Parkinson’s Patients Using Machine Learning
Authors: Jakkula Anurag , Yu Ron 
Published: February 2024

This study aims to design personalized machine learning models for the classification of time-series data to detect freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinsons’ patients in short time intervals. FoG is the medical terminology for sudden episodes of an inability to move in patients that suffer from Parkinson’s disease. Data collected experimentally by Xuanwu Hospital were used. Each 0.002-second interval is labeled as FoG positive or negative by physicians. Using information gain statistics, it was determined that out of 58 features of accelerometer, EEG, and EMG measurements, 35 measurements provide the most information about FoG presence. Features were normalized via z-score normalization. For feature vectors, data are grouped into 0.5-second batches with .002 second timeframes for LSTM; while data are grouped into 0.5-second intervals for other models. The FoG positive/negative classes were balanced through SMOTE. All models were hyperparameter trained through 10-fold cross-validation. The F-1 scores of LSTM, Random Forest, SVM, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression are 89.71%, 89.69%, 87.00%, 74.44%, 67.21% respectively. Of the models analyzed, LSTM has the highest recall at 93.16%, while Random Forest has the highest precision at 94.34%. LSTM detects the most positive instances, while Random Forest has precise detection. LSTM has a higher F-1 score, indicating it is better at balancing precision and recall. These personalized short interval-input models can be implemented in wearable devices to detect freezing of gait to aid physicians’ assessment of disease severity and treatment.
Effects of Microgravity on Astronaut Physiology in Long-Term Space Missions and Proposed Countermeasures
Authors: Thiagarajan Harini , Hurlen Erik 
Published: February 2024

The interest in long-term space travel (>6 months) has gained popularity in the space community. This began in the 1970s with multiple short-term missions exploring the Moon and Mars to understand true habitability and early developments of long-term space settlements. With new missions being proposed by major pioneers in aerospace, such as NASA, SpaceX, and JAXA, scientists are concerned with human health, especially the long-term effects. Long-term settlements have been hypothesized to have major short-term and long-term detriments to multiple physiological systems, most notably musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and neurophysical. This is due to the effects of microgravity; however, more experimentation must be conducted to understand these effects sufficiently. So far, scientists have linked microgravity to decreased osteoblastic differentiation, rapid bone loss, and increased risk of kidney stone formation in the musculoskeletal system. Additionally, the cardiovascular system is impacted by space anemia, which is hypothesized to be reversible but may induce detrimental effects. Finally, microgravity affects the vestibular system significantly, especially spatial recognition. Countermeasures have been proposed to reduce these effects, like inducing artificial gravity, administrating bisphosphonates and other drugs/therapies, and utilizing tactile aids. The long-term effect of microgravity is still an emerging topic of space research, and much more research must be conducted through various programs like the Artificial Gravity Bed Rest Study with the European Space Agency (AGBRESA) to understand long-term results better.
Exposing Undercounts in the Census through Regression Modeling
Authors: Shah Tarun 
Published: February 2024

Undercounts in the Census are notoriously difficult to measure but are necessary to understanding the extent of systemic divides within America. Although many community leaders have proposed that language barriers pose significant obstacles to Census outreach, this paper explores the viability of using predictive models to quantify the extent the role language plays. By using a multivariable regression model trained on student data from the Civil Rights Data Collection, we concluded that Limited English Proficient (LEP) Asian populations were undercounted by over 98,000 people, LEP Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations were undercounted by over 73,000 people, and LEP White populations were undercounted by over 164,000 people. However, biases in the dataset made the results for other ethnic groups unreliable, indicating that regression modeling should be used as a tool for identifying areas of improvement in the Census rather than producing an exact estimate of the population. Our data suggests a strong correlation between language proficiency and Census undercounts, and the Census Bureau could ideally use the results to create targeted language outreach programs for specific states.
Paradoxes and their Findings in Special Theory of Relativity
Authors: Hamanoue Haruya , Khan Rifath 
Published: February 2024

After the publication of Special Theory of Relativity in 1905, scientists raised questions that seemed to be impossible to explain due to relativity. These paradoxes seem to make contradictory statements and challenge the legitimacy of the theory of relativity until it was accepted by the scientific community. This `paper presents some of those paradoxes and findings of Special Theory of Relativity, namely the Bug Rivet Paradox, Bell’s Spaceship Paradox and the changes in the electromagnetic fields due to a change in frames of reference. The paper shows how these problems were solved using coordinate transformations, and the key insights into the world we live in, such as the explanations of why electric and magnetic fields are interlinked.
Physicists came up with apparent paradoxes which challenged the theory. Apparent paradoxes arise due to two statements that seem logical but do not agree with each other, or an antinomy. We will be looking at some of these problems; Bug-Rivet paradox, Bell’s Spaceship paradox and the link between electric and magnetic fields.
Defusing the Ticking Bomb
Authors: Spooner Alicia , Sharbaugh Janine 
Published: February 2024

This paper analyzes various policies in efforts to determine a feasible and effective next step in advancing energy policy and climate action in the United States. Research consists of a review of literature followed by meta-analysis. The secondary research portion calls for an acceleration of the renewable energy transition, emphasizing the importance of energy reforms. The review acknowledges obstacles hindering the transition such as renewable energy variability and storage limitations. The section calls for technological advancement and identifies four policy targets; investment, accessibility, pricing, and expansion.
The review of literature is followed by meta-analysis of aforementioned policy targets by analyzing and comparing five sources, each pertaining to a different policy area. Primary research identifies renewable energy investment using revenue sourced from carbon pricing and fossil fuel subsidy dissolution as the most efficient and feasible next step in strengthening U.S. energy policy, concluding with a call to action in light of findings.
Das Meer bringt den Mehrertrag
Authors: Schaal René 
Published: February 2024

Frankfurt a.M. Die EU-Düngeprodukteverordnung weist insgesamt fünf Klassen von Biostimulanzien aus. Eine Kategorie umfasst Algen und Algenextrakte. Deren bioaktiven Inhaltsstoffe haben vielfältige Signalwirkungen und eröffnen damit neue Wege, um das Ertrags- und Qualitätspotenzial besser ausnützen zu können – nicht nur im Ökolandbau.
Puesta en marcha del Fondo para Pérdidas y Daños: aprender de las perspectivas de financiadores y receptores potenciales
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Shawoo Zoha , Bakhtaoui Inès , Schultheiß Lisa ,   Germanwatch, Naushin Nusrat , Ahmed Lina ,   International Centre for Climate Change and Development
Published: February 2024

Este documento resume los puntos clave identificados en un reciente estudio que trata de determinar el diseño del fondo en vista de sus objetivos. Puntos clave: <ul>	<li>Según estudios recientes, para ayudar más eficazmente a que los países vulnerables respondan y se recuperen de los efectos de la crisis climática, el nuevo Fondo para Pérdidas y Daños (Fondo PyD) debería establecerse y gestionarse de una forma que sea justa y que los donantes y las comunidades receptoras consideren como tal.</li>	<li>Aunque no hay una sola forma correcta de poner en marcha el fondo, es fundamental que sea transparente a la hora de establecer prioridades, gestionar equilibrios y determinar quién participará en la toma de las decisiones clave.</li>	<li>Además de apoyar tanto la recuperación inmediata como a largo plazo, el fondo debe identificar vías para que la financiación llegue a nivel local, de manera que beneficie a las comunidades más afectadas por las pérdidas y los daños de acuerdo con sus propias necesidades y prioridades.</li>	<li>En la puesta en marcha del fondo deberá prestarse mucha atención a cuatro puntos de equilibrio clave: establecer un alcance financiero amplio para el fondo o centrarse en mejorar la coordinación con otros proveedores de financiación; poner énfasis en la gobernanza participativa o en enfoques descentralizados; dar prioridad a los procesos de toma de decisiones participativos o a otros más rápidos; y priorizar una mayor accesibilidad o una supervisión más estricta.</li> </ul>