bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical solution of nonlinear diffusion advection Fisher equation by fourth‐order cubic B‐spline collocation method
Authors: Tiwari Shubham Kumar , Ghosh Pradyumna , Chopra Manish , Das Subir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of diffusion, advection and Fisher terms when nonlinear diffusion occurs in a porous medium. The main advantage of this article is the derivation of a fourth‐order cubic B‐spline collocation method to solve the nonlinear advection‐diffusion Fisher equation, which represents many important natural phenomena. The Crank‐Nicholson method has been used to discretize space and time. The salient feature of the article is the demonstration of the unconditional stability of the proposed method using the Fourier method. While applying on existing problem having an exact solution, it is shown through error analysis that our proposed scheme is very effective. The important feature of the article is the graphical showcasing of the solution profiles for different particular cases.
Introduction
Authors: Hwahng Sel J. , Kaufman Michelle R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter first addresses the need to excavate a new field of global LGBTQ health as an extension of previous LGBTQ health research and scholarship and the importance of encompassing information and research from across the globe, rather than just focusing on the Global North. This chapter then discusses the genesis of the book informed by past course design, pedagogy, and conference programming in which the authors had initiated and engaged. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both the editing and authoring process of this edited volume as well as on the overall field of LGBTQ health is next considered. The relevance of history, culture, and religion as well as racial/ethnic stratification and indigeneity are next examined. Intersectionality is then interrogated, especially in studying “inter-categorical” intersectionality utilizing quantitative methods. Finally, paragraph summaries for each of the chapters in the edited volume are presented, which are characterized by the following health issues and outcomes: stigma, mental health, noncommunicable diseases, community and social support, HIV, substance use, and victimization and intentional injury.
If You Don’t Ask, You Don’t Count: Elements to Consider in Understanding Global Sexual and Gender Minority Data on Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: McElroy Jane A. , Gosiker Bennett J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvaluation and comparison of incidence and prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) to cisgender and/or heterosexual populations rest on the belief that SGM populations have unique characteristics that influence the rates. Several theoretical concepts, briefly discussed in this chapter, have been postulated regarding this disparity. These include minority stress theory, fundamental cause theory, compression of morbidity theory, and cumulative disadvantage hypothesis. In each case, and most clearly articulated by the fundamental cause theory, structural stigma, discrimination, and power structures among disadvantaged populations drive these health disparities. In the analyses evaluating health disparities, numerous methodological issues reduce the generalizability of results. Probabilistic-based sampling design is rarely used because the data do not exist. Among the few examples that use this study design, the SGM sample is small or covers multiple years. Another methodological issue is the consistently younger mean age of the SGM participants compared to cisgender and/or heterosexual groups. Across the globe, country-specific cultural norms determine the visibility and value of SGM populations. Moving forward, a hope is that, in the near future, the SGM population will be described as one important group, among others, in assessing the health of each nation.
HIV/AIDS Among Sexual and Gender Minority Communities Globally
Authors: Beckham S. Wilson , Glick Jennifer , Malone Jowanna , Rich Ashleigh J. , Wirtz Andrea , Baral Stefan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the impact HIV/AIDS has had on sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities globally, including cisgender men who have sex with cisgender men, transgender and gender-diverse people, and sexual minority women. After highlighting some important methodological and ethical issues in HIV/AIDS research and interventions among SGM globally, it touches on the importance of sensitivity to the wide variety of gender identities and sexual orientations and different conceptualizations cross-culturally. Next, disproportionate risks and vulnerabilities facing certain SGM groups are explored, focusing on intersecting structural, interpersonal, and individual-level risk factors, and highlighting some differences in regional contexts. Promising HIV/AIDS interventions for SGM populations at structural, interpersonal, and individual levels are included. Chronic disease among SGM people living with HIV is also discussed. Finally, major gaps in knowledge about SGM communities are discussed and future directions for HIV research and practice for SGM people globally are explored.
Parity solution to the strong CP problem and a unified framework for inflation, baryogenesis, and dark matter
Authors: Babu K. S. , Mohapatra Rabindra N. , Okada Nobuchika 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It has been known for some time that asymptotic parity invariance of weak interactions can provide a solution to the strong CP problem without the need for the axion. Left-right symmetric theories which employ a minimal Higgs sector consisting of a left-handed and a right-handed doublet is an example of such a theory wherein all fermion masses arise through a generalized seesaw mechanism. In this paper we present a way to understand the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry as well as the dark matter content of the universe in these theories using the Affleck-Dine (AD) leptogenesis mechanism and inflaton decay, respectively. Three gauge singlet fermions are needed for this purpose, two of which help to implement the Dirac seesaw for neutrino masses while the third one becomes the non-thermal dark matter candidate. A soft lepton number breaking term involving the AD scalar field is used to generate lepton asymmetry which suffers no wash-out effects and maintains the Dirac nature of neutrinos. This framework thus provides a unified description of many of the unresolved puzzles of the standard model that require new physics.
Instantons in sine-Liouville theory
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Mahajan Raghu , Sen Ashoke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We compute instanton corrections to the partition function of sine-Liouville (SL) theory, which provides a worldsheet description of two-dimensional string theory in a non-trivial tachyon background. We derive these corrections using a matrix model formulation based on a chiral representation of matrix quantum mechanics and using string theory methods. In both cases we restrict to the leading and subleading orders in the string coupling expansion. Then the CFT technique is used to compute two orders of the expansion in the SL perturbation parameter λ, while the matrix model gives results which are non-perturbative in λ. The matrix model results perfectly match those of string theory in the small λ expansion. We also generalize our findings to the case of perturbation by several tachyon vertex operators carrying different momenta, and obtain interesting analytic predictions for the disk two-point and annulus one-point functions with ZZ boundary condition.
Prospects for searches of $$ b\to s\nu \overline{\nu} $$ decays at FCC-ee
Authors: Amhis Yasmine , Kenzie Matthew , Reboud Méril , Wiederhold Aidan R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate the physics reach and potential for the study of various decays involving a $$ b\to s\nu \overline{\nu} $$
b
→
sν

ν
¯

transition at the Future Circular Collider running electron-positron collisions at the Z-pole (FCC-ee). Signal and background candidates, which involve inclusive Z contributions from $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

, $$ c\overline{c} $$
c

c
¯

and uds final states, are simulated for a proposed multi-purpose detector. Signal candidates are selected using two Boosted Decision Tree algorithms. We determine expected relative sensitivities of 0.53%, 1.20%, 3.37% and 9.86% for the branching fractions of the $$ {B}^0\to {K}^{\ast 0}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

B
0

→

K

∗
0

ν

ν
¯

, $$ {B}_s^0\to \phi \nu \overline{\nu} $$

B
s
0

→
ϕν

ν
¯

, $$ {B}^0\to {K}_S^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

B
0

→

K
S
0

ν

ν
¯

and $$ {\Lambda}_b^0\to \Lambda \nu \overline{\nu} $$

Λ
b
0

→
Λ
ν

ν
¯

decays, respectively. In addition, we investigate the impact of detector design choices related to particle-identification and vertex resolution. The phenomenological impact of such measurements on the extraction of Standard Model and new physics parameters is also studied.
Der „Surgical Track“ – innovative Ansätze gegen den Nachwuchsmangel in der Chirurgie
Authors: Datta Rabi R. , Bohle Joana , Schmidt Thomas , Fuchs Hans , Bruns Christiane J. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Chirurgie steht vor bedeutenden Herausforderungen, die sowohl aus Veränderungen in der medizinischen Ausbildung als auch aus der sinkenden Attraktivität des chirurgischen Berufswegs für angehende Ärzt:innen in der westlichen Welt resultieren. So haben sich die Erwartungen der Studierenden an ihren zukünftigen Arbeitsplatz geändert, wobei Themen wie Unsicherheiten in der beruflichen Planung, eine unausgewogene Work-Life-Balance sowie eine fehlende Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zunehmend relevant sind. Auch der Eintritt der Generation Z in das Berufsleben wird Auswirkungen auf die Chirurgie haben. Obwohl Frauen den größten Anteil der Absolvent:innen ausmachen, entscheiden sich nur wenige von ihnen für eine chirurgische Laufbahn. Der daraus resultierende Nachwuchsmangel wird die medizinische Versorgung in deutschen chirurgischen Kliniken negativ beeinflussen. Ein intensiver Wettbewerb um Talente zeichnet sich bereits in allen medizinischen Fachgebieten ab. So ergreifen Kliniken verschiedene Maßnahmen gegen den bevorstehenden Personalmangel, wie z. B. „Summer Schools“ oder Stipendien mit Arbeitsverpflichtungen. Darüber hinaus werden regionale Fördergesetze etabliert. Da insbesondere ein abnehmendes Interesse an chirurgischer Weiterbildung im Studienverlauf zu verzeichnen ist, ist zudem eine frühe Integration chirurgischer Fähigkeiten ins Medizinstudium entscheidend, um diesem Trend entgegenzuwirken. Aus diesem Grund haben wir den „Surgical Track“ entwickelt, der gezielt innovative Lehrkonzepte anbieten soll, um Studierende frühzeitig für das Fach Chirurgie zu begeistern. Dieser basiert auf den Säulen der Virtual Reality (VR) und der Robotik. Studierende können durch VR-Simulationen Operationen und Notfallszenarien trainieren sowie praktische Übungen mit Robotersystemen absolvieren. Qualitativ hochwertige Ausbildungskonzepte wie der „Surgical Track“ können dazu beitragen, Begeisterung für die Chirurgie zu fördern und gleichzeitig Wissen zu vermitteln, auch wenn ihr langfristiger Nutzen noch evaluiert werden muss. Durch virtuelle Simulationen, robotische Chirurgie und innovative Lehre erhalten Studierende Einblicke in die Viszeralchirurgie, die theoretisches Verständnis und praktische Erfahrung miteinander vereinen.
Exploring the use of graphene lubricant and TiO2 nanolubricants in micro deep drawing of stainless steel SUS301
Authors: Pan Di , Zhang Guangqing , Jia Fanghui , Wu Hui , Lu Yao , Zhang Tao , Li Lianjie , Lin Fei , Yang Ming , Jiang Zhengyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of different lubrication conditions on drawing force and microcup formation during micro deep drawing (MDD). Results show that graphene lubricant, in combination with TiO2 nanolubricants, has the potential to reduce friction during MDD. The peak drawing force was reduced by 15.39% when both lubricants were used together, while the use of TiO2 nanolubricant and 10.0 mg/ml graphene lubricant reduced it by 6.03% and 14.52%, respectively. The study also reveals that lubricants reduce wrinkling during the formation of microcups by minimising energy consumption during the primary formation. However, the combination of TiO2 nanolubricant and graphene lubricant can cause inhomogeneous formation on the upper part of the blank, leading to more apparent wrinkling. Overall, the study highlights the potential of TiO2 nanolubricant and graphene lubricant in reducing friction and improving microcup formation during MDD.
Embedding a surface acoustic wave sensor and venting into a metal additively manufactured injection mould tool for targeted temperature monitoring
Authors: Šakalys Rokas , O’Hara Christopher , Kariminejad Mandana , Weinert Albert , Kadivar Mohammadreza , Zluhan Bruno , McAfee Marion , McGranaghan Gerard , Tormey David , Raghavendra Ramesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInjection moulding (IM) tools with embedded sensors can significantly improve the process efficiency and quality of the fabricated parts through real-time monitoring and control of key process parameters such as temperature, pressure and injection speed. However, traditional mould tool fabrication technologies do not enable the fabrication of complex internal geometries. Complex internal geometries are necessary for technical applications such as sensor embedding and conformal cooling which yield benefits for process control and improved cycle times. With traditional fabrication techniques, only simple bore-based sensor embedding or external sensor attachment is possible. Externally attached sensors may compromise the functionality of the injection mould tool, with limitations such as the acquired data not reflecting the processes inside the part. The design freedom of additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of complex internal geometries, making it an excellent candidate for fabricating injection mould tools with such internal geometries. Therefore, embedding sensors in a desired location for targeted monitoring of critical mould tool regions is easier to achieve with AM. This research paper focuses on embedding a wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor into an injection mould tool that was additively manufactured from stainless steel 316L. The laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) “stop-and-go” approach was applied to embed the wireless SAW sensor. After embedding, the sensor demonstrated full functionality by recording real-time temperature data, which can further enhance process control. In addition, the concept of novel print-in-place venting design, applying the same L-PBF stop-and-go approach, for vent embedding was successfully implemented, enabling the IM of defectless parts at faster injection rates, whereas cavities designed and tested without venting resulted in parts with burn marks.
The impact of process parameters and pin-to-shoulder ratio in FSW of polycarbonate: welding forces and critical quality indicators
Authors: Vidakis Nectarios , Petousis Markos , David Constantine , Sagris Dimitrios , Mountakis Nikolaos , Moutsopoulou Amalia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFriction stir welding (FSW) as a welding process for polymers is growing steadily, owing to its inheren1t advantages. The developed forces during the joining process are sensitive to the parameters used and affect the quality of the weld in terms of voids and defect formation. This study focuses on the analysis of the effects of four FSW parameters on the developed forces in joining polycarbonate (PC) 4 mm thick sheets. The porosity of the produced seams was investigated with micro-computed tomography. The dimensional deviation (top surface retreat) was also assessed with the same method. The produced seams were further inspected with microscopy. A Taguchi L9 array was formed. Analysis of variances provided prediction models for the developed forces, the porosity, the dimensional deviation, and the welding resistance rate (Fx/Fz), which were the response metrics of the study. The model’s reliability was evaluated with a confirmation run. Low travel and high rotational speeds reduce the forces in the process and lead to higher mechanical performance. Low travel speeds also reduce the porosity of the weld and affect its dimensional accuracy. The overall results offer valuable insights for optimizing the performance of FSW welds in PC sheets, which was the aim of the study (reduced porosity, dimensional deviation, etc.). The developed models ensure their successful application in real-world scenarios. Finally, the findings and the analysis were correlated with the mechanical strength of the welded PC sheets, revealing, and interpreting the mechanisms leading to higher mechanical performance of the samples.
Graphical abstract
Hot-pressed calcium phosphates as a potential bone substitute: structural and mechanical characterization
Authors: Pereira Helena , Carvalho Oscar , Bdikin Igor , Silva Filipe Samuel , Miranda Georgina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe compositional similarity of calcium phosphates such as β-TCP and HAp to the inorganic components of human bones makes them excellent candidates for bone substitutes. Regardless of presenting excellent biocompatibility, calcium phosphates present low mechanical strength, which is a major drawback for load-bearing applications. In this sense, achieving Hap or β-TCP with increased density is crucial to enhance their mechanical properties. In the present study, β-TCP and HAp were processed from commercially available powders in order to obtain highly dense specimens aiming to elevate these mechanical properties of calcium phosphates. For this purpose, two sintering strategies were used: in the first, using a single holding time, whereas in the second, two holding times. The obtained phases, their potential degradation, microstructure, porosity, and mechanical strength were investigated. Results revealed that the use of two holding times improved densification, leading to flexural strength improvement, on both materials, but especially on HAp, where a 122% increase was verified.
Large-scale free-piston-driven multi-mode shock expansion tunnel
Authors: Stennett Samuel , Gildfind David , Andrianatos Andreas , Morgan Richard , Jacobs Peter , James Christopher , Toniato Pierpaolo , Chan Wilson , Silvester Todd 
Published: January 2024

AbstractX3/R is a new large-scale free-piston-driven dual-mode shock expansion tube, developed and operated collaboratively by the University of Queensland (UQ) and Australia’s Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG). The facility can be converted between a long-duration reflected shock tunnel (RST), a super-orbital expansion tube (X-mode), and a non-reflected shock tube (NRST). In RST mode, the facility is currently capable of producing 600 mm diameter Mach 7 test flows at 25–50 kPa dynamic pressure for more than 10 ms. In expansion tube mode, the facility can reach enthalpies up to 80 MJ/kg for test times on the order of 500–1000 $${\mu }$$
μ
s. This paper presents the new facility, summarizes its current operational capabilities, and discusses key the technical challenges overcome during its development.
Postoperative shunt failure following hemispherectomy in pediatric patients with pre-existing hydrocephalus
Authors: Das Nikita , Sharma Akshay , Mann Michael , Gordillo Alan , Desai Ansh , Serletis Demitre , Moosa Ahsan N. , Rammo Richard , Bingaman William 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
The risk of hydrocephalus following hemispherectomy for drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) remains high. Patients with pre-existing hydrocephalus pose a postoperative challenge, as maintaining existing shunt patency is necessary but lacks a clearly defined strategy. This study examines the incidence and predictors of shunt failure in pediatric hemispherectomy patients with pre-existing ventricular shunts.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review at our center to identify pediatric patients diagnosed with DRE who were treated with ventricular shunt prior to their first hemispherectomy surgery. Demographic and perioperative data were obtained including shunt history, hydrocephalus etiology, epilepsy duration, surgical technique, and postoperative outcomes. Univariate analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and Pearson correlation, with Bonferroni correction to a = 0.00625 and a = 0.01, respectively.

Results
Five of nineteen (26.3%) patients identified with ventriculoperitoneal shunting prior to hemispherectomy experienced postoperative shunt malfunction. All 5 of these patients underwent at least 1 shunt revision prior to hemispherectomy, with a significant association between pre- and post-hemispherectomy shunt revisions. There was no significant association between post-hemispherectomy shunt failure and valve type, intraoperative shunt alteration, postoperative external ventricular drain placement, hemispherectomy revision, lateralization of shunt relative to resection, postoperative complications, or postoperative aseptic meningitis. There was no significant correlation between number of post-hemispherectomy shunt revisions and age at shunt placement, age at hemispherectomy, epilepsy duration, or shunt duration prior to hemispherectomy.

Conclusions
Earlier shunt revision surgery may portend a subsequent need for shunt revision following hemispherectomy. These findings may guide neurosurgeons in counseling patients with pre-existing ventricular shunts prior to hemispherectomy surgery.
An overview of the heat-induced changes of the chemical composition of bone from fresh to calcined
Authors: Shehata Thomas P. , Krap Tristan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen bone is exposed to thermal stress, the chemical composition changes. This affects bone tissue regeneration after surgery, and these changes can also aid in reconstructing ante-, peri-, and post-mortem events in forensic investigations and past activities on cremation practices in archaeology. However, to date, no complete overview exists on the chemical composition of both fresh and thermally altered bone. Therefore, we aimed (i) to present the chemical composition of fresh bone and (ii) to present an overview of heat-induced chemical changes in bone under both reducing and oxidizing conditions. From the overview, it became clear that some chemical changes occur at a consistent temperature, independent of exposure duration, meaning there is a temperature threshold. However, the occurrence of other chemical changes appeared to be more inter-experimentally variable, and therefore, it is recommended to further investigate these changes.