bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of uveitis in dogs: 102 cases (1989–2000)
Authors: Massa Kathleen L. , Gilger Brian C. , Miller Tammy L. , Davidson Michael G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUveitis is one of the most common ocular diseases and one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to correlate the signalment, history, clinical signs and ophthalmic findings of dogs with uveitis with the underlying etiology. We conducted a retrospective study of 102 dogs presented to the NCSU‐VTH from 1989 to 2000 with clinical signs of uveitis. Medical records of dogs presented for uveitis were reviewed. Dogs were included in the study only if a complete diagnostic work‐up database was collected, if sufficient follow‐up was documented, and if the uveitis was not secondary to trauma or a hypermature cataract. The mean age ± SD of all dogs in this study was 6.2 ± 3.6 years. There were 33 intact and 16 castrated males, and 14 intact and 27 neutered females. Fourteen breeds were represented, with the Golden Retriever (n = 14) most common. Fifty‐nine dogs (58%) were diagnosed with idiopathic/immune‐mediated uveitis, neoplasia was diagnosed in 25 dogs (24.5%) and 18 dogs (17.6%) were diagnosed with infectious causes of uveitis. Aqueous flare was the most common clinical sign, occurring in 88 dogs (86%). The most common infectious organisms associated with uveitis in the dogs of this study wereEhrlichia canis(n = 7). Lymphosarcoma (n = 17) was the most common neoplasm. In ≈ 60% of dogs presenting for uveitis an underlying cause was not found, and a diagnosis of immune‐mediated or idiopathic uveitis was made. However, ≈ 25% of dogs had ocular and/or systemic neoplasia (with 17% of cases having lymphosarcoma) and 18% with an underlying infectious cause for uveitis. Because of the high percentage of systemic disease associated with uveitis in dogs, extensive diagnostic testing is recommended before instituting symptomatic anti‐inflammatory therapy.
Survival of equine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus in multidose ophthalmic solutions
Authors: Storey Eric S. , Gerding Paul A. , Scherba Gail , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine survival over time of infectious equine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus in three commercially available and commonly used ophthalmic solutions (eyewash, fluorescein, and proparacaine HCl).Sample populationViruses used in this study were originally isolated from eyes of animals referred to the University of Illinois. Equine herpesvirus‐4 was propagated in MDBK cells and feline herpesvirus‐1 and feline calicivirus in CRFK cells.ProcedureAfter separately inoculating a designated solution with a specific titer of an individual virus, solutions were incubated per manufacturer's recommendations, either at 4 °C or 25 °C. Virus titers within solutions were subsequently measured at 1, 8, and 24 h and 3, 5 and 7 days post inoculation using either plaque or TCID50assays.ResultsEquine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus were present in eyewash for 7 days, 5 days, and 7 days, respectively. Eyewash did not decrease survival time of any virus when compared to controls. Equine herpesvirus‐4 and feline herpesvirus‐1, both enveloped viruses, were not recovered at any time ≥ 1 h post inoculation in fluorescein. Feline calicivirus, a nonenveloped virus, was present in fluorescein for 7 days. Equine herpesvirus‐4 and feline herpesvirus‐1 did not remain infectious in proparacaine at any time ≥ 1 h post inoculation, but feline calicivirus was recovered at up to 24 h post inoculation.ConclusionsEquine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus may be readily transmissible via the eyewash solution used in this study. Risk of iatrogenic transmission of the three viruses used in this study was significantly reduced in both fluorescein and proparacaine solutions. Feline calicivirus, the only nonenveloped virus evaluated, remained viable longer in both fluorescein and proparacaine solutions.
Squamous cell carcinoma associated with a periorbital mass in a veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)
Authors: Abou‐Madi Noha , Kern Thomas J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis report describes a squamous cell carcinoma in a 1‐year‐old female veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). The lesion developed as a small (1 by 1 mm) left periocular discoloration of a scale never involving the eye. The mass was first diagnosed as an abscess, increased in size (4 by 8 by 3 mm), and recurred after two surgical resections combined with antibiotic therapy. Poor nutritional condition and egg production by the chameleon complicated management of this condition. The mass was removed surgically a third time at which point histopathologic evaluation revealed a locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Bacterial culture of the mass isolated a pure culture ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. Ceftazidime was administered at 20 mg/kg IM every 48 h for 20 days. The animal died 3 months later from complications during an ovariohysterectomy for pregnancy toxemia and oviduct inertia. Necropsy showed no local recurrence or metastasis of the tumor.
Empowered nurses? Nurses in Norway and the USA compared
Authors: Ellefsen B. , Hamilton G. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract This comparative study investigated to what degree nurses from two major university hospitals, one in the USA and one in Norway, experienced empowerment. Nurses’ experiences of power were studied, as operationalized by Laschinger in her model and instruments. Laschinger’s model is based on Kanter’s theory of structural determinants of behaviour in organizations. The Norwegian sample consisted of 590 nurses with a response rate of 70.5%; the North American sample consisted of 135 nurses with a response rate of 55%. The results showed both similarities and differences. Formal power for both samples explained 51% of the variance of the overall empowerment, while informal and formal power explained 62%. The Norwegian nurses experienced slightly more informal power while the USA nurses experienced more formal power. There were significant differences, in each hospital, in items within the theoretical constructs, when cross‐tabulated by demographic variables. Leadership position was the demographic variable that most clearly differentiated in both hospital samples, with more power for the leaders.The small differences between nurses from two hospitals in two different countries in developed parts of the world raises some questions. The importance, or lack of importance, of cultural and organizational differences might be one area for further exploration. Overall, the methodology is valuable for further testing of nurse empowerment in different settings, as well as in change and implementation studies.
The nursing education system in the People's Republic of China: evolution, structure and reform
Authors: Xu Y. , Xu Z. , Zhang J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive account of the nursing education system in the People's Republic of China within its historical, economic and sociopolitical contexts. The article argues that the Western world, the United States in particular, had a profound impact on the early development of nursing education in China in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that nursing education in China has been heavily influenced by medical education in terms of structure, curriculum and faculty training, and that challenges are enormous for Chinese nursing education to meet international standards of nursing education. Comparisons of nursing education systems between China and the United States are made when appropriate and possible. Recent developments and reforms in Chinese nursing education are also described and assessed.
A review of the literature from developed and developing countries relating to the effects of hospitalization on children and parents
Authors: Shields L. ,   FRCNA,,   NH &,   MRC Public Health Fellow
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is a literature base about the care of children in hospital in developed nations, but little from, or about, developing countries. The aim of this review was to critically examine publications relating to the effect of hospitalization on children and their parents. ‘Parents’, in this context, were considered as the child's natural or adoptive parents, step‐parents or any other context of parent–child relationship, in other words, the primary care‐giver to the child. Most of the work reviewed from developed countries was sourced from the nursing literature, while in developing countries, the available literature was largely from medicine. Conclusions from developed countries indicated that parents should be allowed to stay in hospital with their child, and that care must be developmental‐stage appropriate. Furthermore, staff need to be educated about special needs of children, children should be prepared for hospital admission (if possible) and parents' needs met. In developing countries, the meagre literature available suggested that recognition of the important role parents play in a child's hospitalization is starting to become recognized.
Leading Nurses to a New Century ICN During the 1990s
Authors: Brush Barbara L. 
Published: March 2003

MANY of the concerns facing ICN in the 1990s had remained constant throughout the organisation's history. These include professional services issues, economic stability, international relations and global nurse representation. Many ICN activities in the 1990s were devoted to addressing these familiar problems in new ways.As the century drew to a close, more than 4,500 nurses from every region of the world gathered with joy and pride at the ICN Centennial Conference in London. They celebrated one hundred years of accomplishment and accepted a new vision to lead ICN and nursing into the 21st Century.
Alasdair MacIntyre and the professional practice of nursing
Authors: Sellman Derek 
Published: March 2003

Abstract In his attempt to explain and draw together disparate aspects of the tradition of the virtues MacIntyre develops a complex and specific concept that he terms a practice. By a practice he means to describe certain types of activities in which excellences can be pursued and that offer those engaged in a practice access to the goods internal to that practice.Sellman and Wainwright have both suggested that there are advantages to be had in understanding nursing as a practice in this MacIntyrean sense. This paper suggests that nursing should be considered as a particular type of MacIntyrean practice, and I have used the term a professional practice to identify this species.This paper also considers some of the implications of such a perspective and suggests that one benefit of thinking of nursing as a professional practice is that it may offer a route by which the virtues necessary for nursing can be identified.
Experimental design applied to the formulation of lipsticks with particular features
Authors: Zanotti F. , Masiello S. , Bader S. , Guarneri M. , Vojnovic D. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisIn our work a non‐classical experimental design was applied to obtain lipsticks endowed with particular characteristics. Our aim was to formulate lipsticks that leave a brilliant and shiny colour application and have a transparent look. The emollient substances and the waxes (consistency factors) were identified as the main variables of the system. A two phase experimental strategy was thought out: the optimal quantities of consistency factors were selected using a Doehlert experimental matrix, whereas the correct mixtures of emollients were determined using a Scheffé simplex‐centroid design. These two design were combined and a set of 49 experiments was obtained. The experiments carried out allowed the definition of a zone of two phases in which the objectives were attained: the correct types and appropriate quantities of emollients and waxes were determined. To find a possible correlation between some mixtures and the lipsticks' sensorial behaviour, differential scanning calorimetry was used. These results, in addition to those obtained using the experimental design allowed us to select the best lipstick formula. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
A Clinical, Biometrological and Ultrastructural Study of Xerotic Skin
Authors: Berry N. , Charmeil C. , Goujon C. , Silvy A. , Girard P. , Corcuff P. , Montastier C. 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate, non‐invasively on human subjects, xerotic skin and its physiological evolution over time, compared to normal skin. Two groups of 17 female subjects were studied during the winter season, one made up of subjects with normal skin and the other subjects with xerotic skin. A clinical assessment and biometrological measurements of hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were performed on the same area of the external antero‐lateral surface of the leg at the start of the study then after three weeks. At the end of the study, the ultrastructure of stratum corneum samples taken from the same area was examined by transmission electron microscopy.Subjects with xerotic skin were selected according to their impaired cutaneous barrier function, reflected in a TEWL higher than 12 g/m /h. Compared to normal subjects, they presented a hydration level more than 25% lower. After an interval of 21 days, no significant change in the hydration level or clinical appearance of the xerotic skin was observed. In contrast, the TEWL had decreased significantly (D
− D
=−3.6 g/m
/h; p < 0.001) but still stayed higher than normal values. Changes in the ultrastructure of the stratum corneum were also observed in the subjects with xerotic skin. Unlike normal skin, corneosomes could be detected right up to the surface layers, accompanied by intercellular lipids in an amorphous form. These observations confirm the important roles played by both corneosomes and lipid organization in the cohesion/desquamation processes.In the subjects with normal skin, the hydration level and barrier function remained unchanged during the three week study but an onset of skin dryness was observed, the mean clinical score increasing by +1.3 (p = 0.01). These results confirm that there is no direct relationship between TEWL and the severity of skin dryness. It appears that a clinical evaluation is more sensitive than biometrological measurement for describing early state of cutaneous dryness. This study highlights the importance of a regular cosmetic or dermopharmaceutical treatment during the winter to prevent xerosis apparition on legs.
Horse Chestnut – Aesculus Hippocastanum: Potential Applications in Cosmetic Skin‐care Products
Authors: Wilkinson J.A. , Brown A.M.G. 
Published: March 2003

In addition to the well reported beneficial effects of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) extracts on venous insufficiency and associated conditions, such preparations also have many potential positive pharmacological effects on the skin. Extracts from this species, and in particular, those based on horse chestnut seeds, contain saponins, known collectively as ’aescin’, which have a gentle soapy feel, and are potent anti‐inflammatory compounds. Saponins, such as escin, also reduce capillary fragility, and therefore help to prevent leakage of fluids into surrounding tissues, which can cause swelling. An extract of horse chestnut has recently been shown to have one of the highest ’active‐oxygen’ scavenging abilities of 65 different plant extracts tested. Such extracts are more powerful anti‐oxidants than vitamin E, and also exhibit potent cell‐protective effects, which are linked to the well‐known anti‐ageing properties of anti‐oxidants.The extract is also rich in a number of flavonoids, such as derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol. Flavonoids also have protective effects on blood vessels, and are well‐known, powerful anti‐oxidants.
Skin colour assessment in safety testing of cosmetics. An overview
Authors: Hermanns  , Piérard‐Franchimont  , Piérard  
Published: March 2003

Synopsis Few subjects are as problematical to dermatologists, cosmetologists and related experimenters involved in safety testing as the clinical assessment of skin colour. At the core of the problem is the word erythema, which does not communicate a sense for the nuance of red. In addition, light shades of red are not visible in dark‐skinned people. Human assays aiming at evaluating the irritancy and allergic potential of cosmetics take advantage to use instrumental assessments of skin colour. However, there are pitfalls related to the complex biological aspects of the cutaneous reactivity, to the design of the in vivo assay, and to technical aspects bound to the principle of the measuring methods. Sound information can only be reached when these concerns are solved. Résumé Peu de sujets sont aussi problématiques pour les dermatologues, cosmétologues et autres expérimentateurs impliqués dans les tests de sûreté que l’évaluation clinique des couleurs cutanées. Au centre du problème est le mot érythème qui ne communique pas la notion des nuances de rouge. De plus, un érythème discret peut ne pas être visible chez des individus à la peau foncée. Les tests humains visant àévaluer les potentialités d’irritation et d’allergie aux cosmétiques bénéficient des évaluations instrumentales de la couleur cutanée. Cependant, il existe des pièges liés aux aspects biologiques complexes de la réactivité cutanée, au choix du test in vivo et à des aspects techniques en relation avec le principe du système de mesure. Une information adéquate ne peut être obtenue qu’après avoir résolu ces problèmes.
Topical formulation of a new plant extract complex with refirming properties. Clinical and non‐invasive evaluation in a double‐blind trial
Authors: Martelli  , Berardesca  , Martelli  
Published: March 2003

Synopsis We tested an OTC formulation versus placebo in a double‐blind trial to evaluate its ability to improve elasticity and firmness of the skin. The clinical non‐invasive evaluation in 20 volunteers shows:1. No adverse reactions such as itching or irritation2. Efficacy and cosmetic acceptibility of the test cream3. An increase in electrical capacitance (moisture content) even though without statistical significance. This result is not surprising because the patients had healthy skin and were relatively young (aged 20–25)4. A very significant improvement in the biomechanical properties (extensibility and firmness) of the skin. This increase was statistically significant (P < 0.02)The main components of the cream (boswellic acids, Sylibin and Centella asiatica extracts) were formulated as complexes with lyso‐phospholipids and soya bean non‐saponifiable lipids. Résumé Nous avons testé une formulation OTC contre un placebo dans un essai en double aveugle afin d’évaluer sa capacitéà améliorer l’élasticité et la fermeté de la peau. L’évaluation clinique non invasive sur 20 volontaires montre:1. L’absence de réactions négatives telles que des démangeaisons ou des irritations.2. Une efficacité et une acceptabilité cosmétique de la crème testée.3. Une augmentation de la capacitance électrique (teneur en eau) bien que non significative au plan statistique. Ce résultat n’est pas surprenant car les patients avaient une peau saine et étaient relativement jeunes (âge 20–25).4. Une amélioration très significative des propriétés biomécaniques (élasticité et fermeté) de la peau. Cette augmentation est statistiquement significative (P < 0,02).Les composants principaux de la crème (acides boswelliques, extraits de Sybiline et de Centella asiatica) sont formulés sous forme de complexes avec des lyso‐phospholipides et des lipides de soja non saponifiables.
Influence of hairdressing on the psychological mood of women
Authors: Picot‐Lemasson A. , Decocq G. , Aghassian F. , Leveque J.L. 
Published: March 2003

Synopsis A questionnaire, specially designed to measure the mood change was filled in by 359 women at their arrival in different hair‐salons and after having received various hair care services. The results show that hair treatments increase all the positive dimensions of mood and decrease all the negative ones. Only the improvement in sociability appears to be linked to age. Résumé Un questionnaire particulier a été mis au point pour enregistrer le changement d’humeur de 359 femmes entre leur arrivée dans des salons de coiffure, où elles ont reçu divers traitements capillaires, et leurs départs. Les résultats démontrent que toutes les dimensions positives de l’humeur augmentent alors que toutes les dimensions négatives diminuent. Seule l’amélioration de la sociabilité est modulée par l’âge.
The dietitian’s role in the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Thomas Denise 
Published: March 2003

SummaryEating disorders have both psychological and physiological elements and so require treatment that combines expertise in both. Professionals who treat patients with an eating disorder need to have knowledge of the nutritional effects and physiological consequences of the illness. This is rare within a predominantly mental health setting. The extreme dieting behaviour in anorexia nervosa leading to the severe weight loss and symptoms of semi‐starvation; binge‐eating behaviour, seen in cases in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder; and the patient’s distorted beliefs about nutrition and dietary requirements all underpin the need for the expertise provided by dietitians. They now have an essential role within the multi‐disciplinary assessment and treatment programmes for all three major eating disorders.
Nutrition research priorities for the food industry
Authors: Cottrell Richard C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe food industry must take an interest in nutrition research prioritisation both for short‐ and long‐term commercial reasons and to fulfil its social responsibilities towards its customers. It should be emphasised, however, that these responsibilities are necessarily limited by practical considerations. Research priorities should take account of strategic goals as well as the technical capability of the nutrition research community at any particular point in time. Important strategic needs for research in nutrition require techniques that have yet to be developed. Whether or not the outcome of research may be commercially exploitable may significantly influence the enthusiasm of companies to provide funding but should not be the main criterion in setting priorities for publicly funded research. Opportunities for co‐operation in research funding should be sought only after the object of the research, the methods to be used and the principal researchers have been chosen. Programmes that place too great an emphasis on co‐operation tend to distort and trivialise the subjects given priority. A number of areas of research into the common ‘nutrition‐related’ diseases of our time (cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, anaemia, osteoporosis and dental caries) fulfil strategic needs, are practical and timely, are commercially exploitable and also offer opportunities for co‐operative funding. These areas should be prime targets for research funding from both public and private sources.