bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Occurring Extremes of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Ground‐Level Ozone in the Summer of Southern China
Authors: Lyu Yan , Wu Haonan , Liu Xiaoran , Han Fuliang , Lv Fengmao , Pang Xiaobing , Chen Jianmin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConcurrent pollution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone has been increasingly reported in China recently. Here, we further confirm widespread co‐occurring summertime PM2.5‐ozone extremes in southern China. Annual‐average frequency of co‐occurrence is above 50% from 2015 to 2022, especially in Pearl River Delta region (72 ± 12%). The spatial extent (city numbers) and temporal persistence (co‐occurrence days) for cities with co‐occurrence frequency >50% increase at a rate of two cities/year and 14 days/year, respectively. We further identify typical synoptic conditions (e.g., typhoon periphery circulation, West Pacific subtropical high) conducive to widespread co‐occurrence. Through combining multi‐source data, Random Forest model well predicts PM2.5‐ozone co‐occurrence and identifies common precursors (e.g., volatile organic compounds) as important variables. Finally, we postulate co‐occurrence is linked to synoptic conditions and secondary generation of PM2.5‐ozone from shared precursors. Our results suggest high potentials for co‐occurring PM2.5‐ozone extremes in southern China and control strategies on common precursors to mitigate concurrent pollution.
Apatite Textures, Elemental and Isotopic Compositions Unmask the Homogenizing Process in Silicic Magma Chambers
Authors: Xu Jian , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Wang Qiang , Spencer Christopher J. , Zhang Le , Zhu Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSilicic magmas are the most viscous of all magmas, however some granitic plutons display remarkably homogeneous compositions, which contradicts the hypothesis that mechanical mixing is the main homogenizing process in the magma chamber. Thus much remains controversial about the mechanisms responsible for the homogeneities of silicic plutons. Here, we present textural observations, elemental mapping, and in situ elemental and Nd‐O isotopic data of apatites from the compositionally homogeneous Late Permian Yuanyang A‐type granitic pluton (SW Yunnan, South China). Apatite grains display oscillatory chemical zonation and resorption‐precipitation texture, suggesting incremental growth dominated by co‐genetic magma batches injection. The intra‐/inter‐grain core to rim elemental and Nd‐O isotopic variations imply crystal transfer and crystallization from different melt domains within the crystal mush. We propose that rejuvenation events associated with hotter cogenetic intermediate magma batch injection has induced crystal mush reactivation and convective stirring in silicic magma chambers, thereby homogenizing the entire reservoir.
Under‐Ice Mixed Layers and the Regulation of Early Spring Phytoplankton Growth in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Smith Walker O. , Zhong Yisen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnder‐ice phytoplankton “blooms” have been observed in the Southern Ocean, although irradiance is extremely low and vertical mixing is assumed to be deep. Most under‐ice data have been collected using Argo floats, as research expeditions during austral fall and winter are limited. Hydrographic measurements under dense ice cover indicate that vertical mixing in weakly stratified systems may be less than previously suggested, and that the accepted determinations of mixed layer depths are inappropriate in regions with extremely weak stratification, such as those under ice. Vertical gradients in density suggest that mixed layers in the Ross Sea in early October are not extremely deep; furthermore, while phytoplankton biomass is low, it has begun to accumulate under ice. Growth rates indicate that phytoplankton growth in the Ross Sea begins in early September. Extending the period of growth may have substantial impacts on carbon biogeochemistry and food web energetics in ice‐covered waters.
Thermal Equation of State and Structural Evolution of Al‐Bearing Bridgmanite
Authors: Criniti Giacomo , Boffa Ballaran Tiziana , Kurnosov Alexander , Liu Zhaodong , Glazyrin Konstantin , Merlini Marco , Hanfland Michael , Frost Daniel J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract(Mg, Fe, Al)(Si, Al)O3 bridgmanite is the most abundant mineral of Earth′s lower mantle. Al is incorporated in the crystal structure of bridgmanite through the Fe3+AlO3 and AlAlO3 charge coupled (CC) mechanisms, and the MgAlO2.5 oxygen vacancy (OV) mechanism. Oxygen vacancies are believed to cause a substantial decrease of the bulk modulus of aluminous bridgmanite based on first‐principles calculations on the MgAlO2.5 end‐member. However, there is no conclusive experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis due to the uncertainties on the chemical composition, crystal chemistry, and/or high‐pressure behavior of samples analyzed in previous studies. Here, we synthesized high‐quality single crystals of bridgmanite in the MgO–AlO1.5–SiO2 system with different bulk Al contents and degrees of CC and OV substitutions. Suitable crystals with different compositions were loaded in resistively heated diamond anvil cells and analyzed by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction at pressures up to approximately 80 GPa at room temperature and 35 GPa at temperatures up to 1,000 K. Single‐crystal structural refinements at high pressure show that the compressibility of bridgmanite is mainly controlled by Al–Si substitution in the octahedral site and that oxygen vacancies in bridgmanite have no detectable effect on the bulk modulus in the compositional range investigated here, which is that relevant to a pyrolytic lower mantle. The proportion of oxygen vacancies in Al‐bearing bridgmanite has been calculated using a thermodynamic model constrained using experimental data at 27 GPa and 2,000 K for an Fe‐free system and extrapolated to pressures equivalent to 1,250 km depth using the thermoelastic parameters of Al‐bearing bridgmanite determined in this study.
Climate Response to Vegetation Removal on Different Continents
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Liu Yonggang , Hu Yongyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the climatic effect of vegetation in different regions is important for understanding the climate impact of vegetation change in both the past and future. Here we quantify the climate response to vegetation removal on each continent, except Antarctica, using CESM1.2.2 under pre‐industrial climate condition, and the associated mechanisms are analyzed. Results show that removing the global vegetation lowers the global mean surface temperature (GMST) by 3.65°C. Removing vegetation over Eurasia and North America lowers GMST by 1.83°C and 0.88°C, respectively. They also reduce the global precipitation, but at a much slower rate than that would be caused in the CO2 perturbation experiments. Removing vegetation on all other continents has negligible influence on global climate, but has significant local warming effect due to weakening of evapotranspiration. The removal of low‐latitude vegetation tends to reduce the local precipitation, but increase the precipitation over nearby oceans, especially to the west. The feedbacks of thermodynamic sea ice and oceans amplify the initial direct cooling due to vegetation removal by a factor of >5. The response of ocean circulation has a negligible impact on GMST, but has a significant influence on the pattern of temperature changes by redistributing heat. Without the ocean‐circulation feedback, the Northern Hemisphere would be 1.30°C colder while the Southern Hemisphere 1.17°C warmer when the global vegetation is removed.
Trends in Seasonal Mean Speciated Aerosol Composition in Remote Areas of the United States From 2000 Through 2021
Authors: Hand J. L. , Prenni A. J. , Schichtel B. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLarge reductions in anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter and its precursor emissions have occurred since the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments network has measured PM2.5 gravimetric mass (mass of particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, also referred to here as fine mass, “FM”) and speciated PM2.5 aerosol composition at remote sites since 1988. Measured species include inorganic anions such as sulfate, nitrate, and chloride, carbonaceous aerosols such as organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and elemental concentrations used to estimate fine dust (FD). Trends in seasonal and annual mean mass concentrations were calculated from 2000 through 2021, a period that includes the largest reductions in emissions. On average, annual mean FM at remote sites in the continental United States has decreased at a rate of −1.8% yr−1. This reduction is largely due to annual mean trends in sulfate (−6.1% yr−1), nitrate (−2.7% yr−1), EC (−2.2% yr−1), FD (−1.3% yr−1), and OC (−0.9% yr−1), although the OC annual mean trend was insignificant. Seasonal and regional mean FM trends varied significantly, with strong reductions in the East in all seasons due to sulfate reductions, and flat and insignificant trends in summer and fall in the West due to the influence of biomass burning emissions on OC trends. Evaluating regional and seasonal mean trends in aerosol composition helps identify sources that continue to adversely impact air quality and hinder progress in FM reductions due to successful regulatory activity.
A transcriptomic analysis in mice following a single dose of ibogaine identifies new potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Biosca-Brull Judit , Ona Genis , Alarcón-Franco Lineth , Colomina Maria Teresa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIbogaine (IBO) is an atypical psychedelic with a complex mechanism of action. To date, the mechanisms that may underlie its anti-addictive effects are still not defined. This study aims to identify changes in gene expression induced by a single oral dose of IBO in the cortex of mice by means of a transcriptomic analysis for the first time. Our results showed significant alterations in gene expression in mouse frontal cortex samples 4 h after a single oral dose of IBO. Specifically, genes involved in hormonal pathways and synaptogenesis exhibited upregulation, while genes associated with apoptotic processes and endosomal transports showed downregulation. The findings were further corroborated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. However, the validation of gene expression related to hormonal pathways did not entirely align with the transcriptomic analysis results, possibly due to the brain region from which tissue was collected. Sex differences were observed, with female mice displaying more pronounced alterations in gene expression after IBO treatment. High variability was observed across individual animals. However, this study represents a significant advancement in comprehending IBO’s molecular actions. The findings highlight the influence of IBO on gene expression, particularly on hormonal pathways, synaptogenesis, apoptotic processes, and endosomal transports. The identification of sex differences underscores the importance of considering sex as a potential factor influencing IBO’s effects. Further research to assess different time points after IBO exposure is warranted.
DNMT3A clonal hematopoiesis-driver mutations induce cardiac fibrosis by paracrine activation of fibroblasts
Authors: Shumliakivska Mariana , Luxán Guillermo , Hemmerling Inga , Scheller Marina , Li Xue , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Schuhmacher Bianca , Sun Zhengwu , Dendorfer Andreas , Debes Alisa , Glaser Simone-Franziska , Muhly-Reinholz Marion , Kirschbaum Klara , Hoffmann Jedrzej , Nagel Eike , Puntmann Valentina O. , Cremer Sebastian , Leuschner Florian , Abplanalp Wesley Tyler , John David , Zeiher Andreas M. , Dimmeler Stefanie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHematopoietic mutations in epigenetic regulators like DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A), play a pivotal role in driving clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), and are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients suffering from heart failure (HF). However, the precise interactions between CHIP-mutated cells and other cardiac cell types remain unknown. Here, we identify fibroblasts as potential partners in interactions with CHIP-mutated monocytes. We used combined transcriptomic data derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HF patients, both with and without CHIP, and cardiac tissue. We demonstrate that inactivation of DNMT3A in macrophages intensifies interactions with cardiac fibroblasts and increases cardiac fibrosis. DNMT3A inactivation amplifies the release of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, thereby facilitating activation of cardiac fibroblasts. These findings identify a potential pathway of DNMT3A CHIP-driver mutations to the initiation and progression of HF and may also provide a compelling basis for the development of innovative anti-fibrotic strategies.
Site-selective protonation enables efficient carbon monoxide electroreduction to acetate
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Chen Yuanjun , Li Feng , Miao Rui Kai , Huang Jianan Erick , Zhao Zilin , Li Xiao-Yan , Dorakhan Roham , Chu Senlin , Wu Jinhong , Zheng Sixing , Ni Weiyan , Kim Dongha , Park Sungjin , Liang Yongxiang , Ozden Adnan , Ou Pengfei , Hou Yang , Sinton David , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis of acetate from CO offers the prospect of a low-carbon-intensity route to this valuable chemical––but only once sufficient selectivity, reaction rate and stability are realized. It is a high priority to achieve the protonation of the relevant intermediates in a controlled fashion, and to achieve this while suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and while steering multicarbon (C2+) products to a single valuable product––an example of which is acetate. Here we report interface engineering to achieve solid/liquid/gas triple-phase interface regulation, and we find that it leads to site-selective protonation of intermediates and the preferential stabilization of the ketene intermediates: this, we find, leads to improved selectivity and energy efficiency toward acetate. Once we further tune the catalyst composition and also optimize for interfacial water management, we achieve a cadmium-copper catalyst that shows an acetate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 75% with ultralow HER (<0.2% H2 FE) at 150 mA cm−2. We develop a high-pressure membrane electrode assembly system to increase CO coverage by controlling gas reactant distribution and achieve 86% acetate FE simultaneous with an acetate full-cell energy efficiency (EE) of 32%, the highest energy efficiency reported in direct acetate electrosynthesis.
The CUL5 E3 ligase complex negatively regulates central signaling pathways in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Liao Xiaofeng , Li Wenxue , Zhou Hongyue , Rajendran Barani Kumar , Li Ao , Ren Jingjing , Luan Yi , Calderwood David A. , Turk Benjamin , Tang Wenwen , Liu Yansheng , Wu Dianqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCD8+ T cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Better understanding of their regulation could advance cancer immunotherapies. Here we identify, via stepwise CRISPR-based screening, that CUL5 is a negative regulator of the core signaling pathways of CD8+ T cells. Knocking out CUL5 in mouse CD8+ T cells significantly improves their tumor growth inhibiting ability, with significant proteomic alterations that broadly enhance TCR and cytokine signaling and their effector functions. Chemical inhibition of neddylation required by CUL5 activation, also enhances CD8 effector activities with CUL5 validated as a major target. Mechanistically, CUL5, which is upregulated by TCR stimulation, interacts with the SOCS-box-containing protein PCMTD2 and inhibits TCR and IL2 signaling. Additionally, CTLA4 is markedly upregulated by CUL5 knockout, and its inactivation further enhances the anti-tumor effect of CUL5 KO. These results together reveal a negative regulatory mechanism for CD8+ T cells and have strong translational implications in cancer immunotherapy.
Molecular understanding of the critical role of alkali metal cations in initiating CO2 electroreduction on Cu(100) surface
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Li Hengyu , Shao Yangfan , Gan Lin , Kang Feiyu , Duan Wenhui , Hansen Heine Anton , Li Jia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMolecular understanding of the solid–liquid interface is challenging but essential to elucidate the role of the environment on the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. Alkali metal cations (M+), as a vital component at the interface, are found to be necessary for the initiation of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) on coinage metals, and the activity and selectivity of CO2RR could be further enhanced with the cation changing from Li+ to Cs+, while the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvation and enhanced sampling methods, we systematically investigate the role of M+ in CO2RR on Cu surface. A monotonically decreasing CO2 activation barrier is obtained from Li+ to Cs+, which is attributed to the different coordination abilities of M+ with *CO2. Furthermore, we show that the competing hydrogen evolution reaction must be considered simultaneously to understand the crucial role of alkali metal cations in CO2RR on Cu surfaces, where H+ is repelled from the interface and constrained by M+. Our results provide significant insights into the design of electrochemical environments and highlight the importance of explicitly including the solvation and competing reactions in theoretical simulations of CO2RR.
HLA class I peptide polymorphisms contribute to class II DQβ0603:DQα0103 antibody specificity
Authors: Shih N. Remi , Nong Thoa , Murphey Cathi , Lopez-Cepero Mayra , Nickerson Peter W. , Taupin Jean-luc , Devriese Magali , Nilsson Jakob , Matignon Marie-Benedicte , Bray Robert A. , Lee Jar-How 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAntibodies reactive to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) represent a barrier for patients awaiting transplantation. Based on reactivity patterns in single-antigen bead (SAB) assays, various epitope matching algorithms have been proposed to improve transplant outcomes. However, some antibody reactivities cannot be explained by amino acid motifs, leading to uncertainty about their clinical relevance. Antibodies against the HLA class II molecule, DQβ0603:DQα0103, present in some candidates, represent one such example. Here, we show that peptides derived from amino acids 119-148 of the HLA class I heavy chain are bound to DQβ0603:DQα0103 proteins and contribute to antibody reactivity through an HLA-DM-dependent process. Moreover, antibody reactivity is impacted by the specific amino acid sequence presented. In summary, we demonstrate that polymorphic HLA class I peptides, bound to HLA class II proteins, can directly or indirectly be part of the antibody binding epitope. Our findings have potential important implications for the field of transplant immunology and for our understanding of adaptive immunity.
Machine learning assisted discovery of high-efficiency self-healing epoxy coating for corrosion protection
Authors: Liu Tong , Chen Zhuoyao , Yang Jingzhi , Ma Lingwei , Mol Arjan , Zhang Dawei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMachine learning is a powerful means for the rapid development of high-performance functional materials. In this study, we presented a machine learning workflow for predicting the corrosion resistance of a self-healing epoxy coating containing ZIF-8@Ca microfillers. The orthogonal Latin square method was used to investigate the effects of the molecular weight of the polyetheramine curing agent, molar ratio of polyetheramine to epoxy, molar content of the hydrogen bond unit (UPy-D400), and mass content of the solid microfillers (ZIF-8@Ca microfillers) on the low impedance modulus (lg|Z|0.01Hz) values of the scratched coatings, generating 32 initial datasets. The machine learning workflow was divided into two stages: In stage I, five models were compared and the random forest (RF) model was selected for the active learning. After 5 cycles of active learning, the RF model achieved good prediction accuracy: coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.709, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 0.081, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.685 (lg(Ω·cm2)). In stage II, the best coating formulation was identified by Bayesian optimization. Finally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that compared with the intact coating ((4.63 ± 2.08) × 1011 Ω·cm2), the |Z|0.01Hz value of the repaired coating was as high as (4.40 ± 2.04) × 1011 Ω·cm2. Besides, the repaired coating showed minimal corrosion and 3.3% of adhesion loss after 60 days of neutral salt spray testing.
AMPKα2 regulates fasting-induced hyperketonemia by suppressing SCOT ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Zhang Lingxue , Lu Yanqiao , An Junqing , Wu Yin , Liu Zhixue , Zou Ming-Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKetone bodies serve as an energy source, especially in the absence of carbohydrates or in the extended exercise. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial energy sensor that regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. However, whether AMPK regulates ketone metabolism in whole body is unclear even though AMPK regulates ketogenesis in liver. Prolonged resulted in a significant increase in blood and urine levels of ketone bodies in wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, fasting AMPKα2–/– and AMPKα1–/– mice exhibited significantly higher levels of ketone bodies in both blood and urine compared to fasting WT mice. BHB tolerance assays revealed that both AMPKα2–/– and AMPKα1–/– mice exhibited slower ketone consumption compared to WT mice, as indicated by higher blood BHB or urine BHB levels in the AMPKα2–/– and AMPKα1–/– mice even after the peak. Interestingly, fasting AMPKα2–/– and AMPKα1–/– mice exhibited significantly higher levels of ketone bodies in both blood and urine compared to fasting WT mice. . Specifically, AMPKα2ΔMusc mice showed approximately a twofold increase in blood BHB levels, and AMPKα2ΔMyo mice exhibited a 1.5-fold increase compared to their WT littermates after a 48-h fasting. However, blood BHB levels in AMPKα1ΔMusc and AMPKα1ΔMyo mice were as same as in WT mice. Notably, AMPKα2ΔMusc mice demonstrated a slower rate of BHB consumption in the BHB tolerance assay, whereas AMPKα1ΔMusc mice did not show such an effect. Declining rates of body weights and blood glucoses were similar among all the mice. Protein levels of SCOT, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketolysis, decreased in skeletal muscle of AMPKα2–/– mice. Moreover, SCOT protein ubiquitination increased in C2C12 cells either transfected with kinase-dead AMPKα2 or subjected to AMPKα2 inhibition. AMPKα2 physiologically binds and stabilizes SCOT, which is dependent on AMPKα2 activity.