bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing environmental impacts of response strategies for sustainable food system transformation
Authors: Yang Jing , Gao Lei , Liu Qi , Guo Zhaoxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe global food system is recognized as the largest source of pressure on the Earth's stability, and there is a pressing need for a swift global transformation toward a sustainable food system, which is also crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement goals. While various response strategies have been developed to achieve the sustainable food system, it remains unclear how different response strategies and their combinations interactively affect global environmental functions. Here, we use a system dynamics‐based integrated assessment model to quantitatively assess the effects of five representative response strategies, which are well‐recognized to be potential for achieving a sustainable food system, and their combinations on the global environment. We use six boundary indicators, corresponding to six key Earth system processes and indicating the safe‐operating spaces of the global food system, to define the global environmental performance. Our results show that the effects of response strategies may have a synergistic effect or counterbalance. While some individual strategies are sufficient to maintain certain boundary indicators within their safe zones, only the combination of all strategies can simultaneously prevent all boundary indicators from entering high‐risk zones. More coordinated solutions within and outside the global food system are required to restore all boundary indicators to their safe zones.
The dynamic impact assessment of clean energy and green innovation in realizing environmental sustainability of G‐20
Authors: Aneja Ranjan , Yadav Manisha , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the context of the growth and development process, stability in environmental quality has remained a challenging issue to sustainable development, as several environmental problems, such as climate conditions, anthropogenic global warming, deforestation, and escalating degradation of water and air quality, depict a rising trend. In the contemporary materialistic paradigm, attaining a high economic growth rate while ensuring sustainable consumption of natural resources is impossible. The world needs to attain an economic growth rate that confirms sustainability in natural resource consumption and exploitation of resources introduced severe alert about the sustainability of such trajectory progress as an increase in economic growth upsurges natural reserve usage and energy demand, which leads to environmental deprivation. Both theoretical and empirical literature support that green or clean energy sources could significantly sustain environmental quality and foster economic growth. The recent literature assessed the role of green technology in promoting environmental sustainability. It emphasizes that green innovations are the most competent method to carry the competent use of resources, thereby reducing environmental degradation. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyze the impact of economic growth, clean energy, technological innovations, natural resources depletion, and green and sustainable technology on the environmental degradation of G‐20 nations in the frame spanning from 1992 to 2018. The results of cross‐sectional‐autoregressive‐distributed lag (CS‐ARDL) model estimation indicate the presence of a long‐run association between economic growth, number of filled applications for patents, development of environment‐related technologies as a percentage of all technologies, natural resources rents (NRR) as a percentage of GDP, renewable energy consumption, trade openness and environment degradation of G‐20 nations. This study re‐confirmed the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for selected nations. Further, the study's findings revealed that cleaner energy and technological innovations, mainly green technology, play a significant role in sustaining the environmental conditions of these selected countries. Moreover, the degree of natural resource depletion directly impacts environmental degradation (CO₂ emission, total greenhouse gases emission and ecological footprints) in selected nations. The study underscores the importance of promoting clean energy, green technology, and sustainable practices to balance economic growth and environmental preservation and provides policymakers in G‐20 nations with valuable policy recommendations.
The role of governance in girl‐child education: Insights on the odds against Nigerian women in leadership
Authors: Fagbemi Fisayo , Oke Dorcas Funmilola , Akinyele Olawale Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is widely recognized that prioritizing female education is the global best investment. This is because the promotion of girls' access to education is essential for increasing women's formal economic opportunities and their participation in public decision‐making in the long term. Thus, understanding the nexus between governance and women empowerment becomes central for developing new thinking and addressing prevailing challenges. The study, therefore, examines the impact of governance effectiveness on school enrolment, primary, female (% gross) in Nigeria between 1996 and 2020, using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and vector error correction mechanism (VECM) for the assessment of long‐run causality. Results show that governance effectiveness has a significant and positive effect on female primary school enrolment in the long run and in the short run. In addition, findings indicate that there exists bidirectional causality between the effectiveness of governance and female primary school enrolment, suggesting that these indicators are interconnected as they could influence each other. While it is recognized that government policies seem to have failed to redress the norms, societal values, and behaviors that contribute to the perpetuation of inequalities in education enrolment, good governance could further stimulate capacity development, thereby enhancing girl‐child education.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines Formed In Situ From Lyophilized Lipids
Authors: Jiao Yang , Huang Wei‐Chiao , Chiem Kevin , Song Yiting , Sun Jingyu , Chothe Shubhada K. , Zhou Shiqi , Luo Yuan , Mabrouk Moustafa T. , Ortega Joaquin , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Martinez‐Sobrido Luis , Lovell Jonathan F 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike (S) glycoprotein is an appealing immunogen, but associated vaccine approaches must overcome the hapten‐like nature of the compact protein and adapt to emerging variants with evolving RBD sequences. Here, a vaccine manufacturing methodology is proposed comprising a sterile‐filtered freeze‐dried lipid cake formulation that can be reconstituted with liquid proteins to instantaneously form liposome‐displayed protein nanoparticles. Mannitol is used as a bulking agent and a small amount of Tween‐80 surfactant is required to achieve reconstituted submicron particles that do not precipitate prior to usage. The lipid particles include an E. coli‐derived monophosphoryl lipid A (EcML) for immunogenicity, and cobalt porphyrin‐phospholipid (CoPoP) for antigen display. Reconstitution of the lipid cake with aqueous protein results in rapid conversion of the RBD into intact liposome‐bound format prior to injection. Protein particles can readily be formed with sequent‐divergent RBD proteins derived from the ancestral or Omicron strains. Immunization of mice elicits antibodies that neutralize respective viral strains. When K18‐hACE2 transgenic mice are immunized and challenged with ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 or the Omicron BA.5 variant, both liquid liposomes displaying the RBD and rapid reconstituted particles protect mice from infection, as measured by the viral load in the lungs and nasal turbinates.
Design and Photonics of Merocyanine Dyes
Authors: Kulinich Andrii V. , Ishchenko Alexander A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMerocyanines, thanks to their easily adjustable electronic structure, appear to be the most versatile and promising functional dyes. Their D–π–A framework offers ample opportunities for custom design through variations in both donor/acceptor end‐groups and the π‐conjugated polymethine chain, and leads to a broad range of practical properties, including noticeable solvatochromism, high polarizability/hyperpolarizabilities, and the ability to sensitize various physicochemical processes. Accordingly, merocyanines are applied and extensively studied in various fields, such as light‐converting materials for optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, optical storage, solar cells, fluorescent probes, and antitumor agents in photodynamic therapy. This review encompasses both classical and novel more important publications on the structure–property relationships in merocyanines, with particular emphasis on the results by A.  I. Kiprianov and his followers in Institute of Organic Chemistry in Kyiv, Ukraine.
A Global Territorial Crisis
Authors: Mazzoleni Oscar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic was a global territorial crisis. This chapter will discuss the impact of lockdown measures and restrictions on society, government and territoriality in European countries. We will delve into how these measures changed the role of territorial states, how they reproduced or exacerbated social inequalities, how they affected the flows of goods and people and how they related to the dynamics between institutional powers and the emergence of ideological-political controversies about the political responses to the pandemic.
Holonomic representation of biadjoint scalar amplitudes
Authors: de la Cruz Leonardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study tree-level biadjoint scalar amplitudes in the language of D-modules. We construct left ideals in the Weyl algebra D that allow a holonomic representation of n-point amplitudes in terms of the linear partial differential equations they satisfy. The resulting representation encodes the simple pole and recursive properties of the amplitude.
On protected defect correlators in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ ≥ 4 theories
Authors: Guerrini Luigi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study and compute supersymmetric observables for line defects in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≥ 4 theories. Our setup is a novel supersymmetric configuration involving line operators and local operators living on a linked circle. The algebra of the local operators is described by a topological quantum mechanics. For operators belonging to conserved current multiplets, we propose an exact formula for their correlation functions based on a Ward identity for integrated correlators. Our formula gives a general recipe to compute the bremsstrahlung function for any $$ \frac{1}{3} $$

1
3

-BPS lines in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 SCFTs. We apply our relation to the $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS Wilson loop in the ABJM model, showing the validity of previous computations. Furthermore, our construction allows us to explore higher points correlators. As an example, we compute the two-point function of the stress tensor multiplet correlators in ABJM theory in the presence of the Wilson line. We also present some perturbative checks of our formulae.
Insights on the current semi-leptonic B-decay discrepancies — and how Bs → μ+μ−γ can help
Authors: Guadagnoli Diego , Normand Camille , Simula Silvano , Vittorio Ludovico 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bs → μ+μ−γ, measured at high q2 as a partially reconstructed decay, can probe the origin of the existing discrepancies in semi-leptonic b → s and b → c decays. We perform a complete study of this possibility. We start by reassessing the alleged discrepancies, with a focus on a unified EFT description. Using the SMEFT, we find that the tauonic Wilson coefficient required by R(D(*)) implies a universal muonic Wilson coefficient of precisely the size required by semi-muonic BR data and, separately, by semi-muonic angular analyses. We thus identify reference scenarios. Importantly, Bs → μ+μ−γ offers a strategy to access them without being affected by the long-distance issues that hamper the prediction of semi-leptonic B decays at low q2. After quantifying to the best of our knowledge the Bs → μ+μ−γ experimental over the long haul, we infer the Bs → μ+μ−γ sensitivity to the couplings relevant to the anomalies. In the example of the real-δC9,10 scenario, we find significances below 3σ. Such figure is to be compared with other single-observable sensitivities that one can expect from e.g. BR and angular data, whether at low or high q2, and not affected by long-distance issues such as narrow resonances or intermediate charmed di-meson rescattering.
Real-time diagram technique for instantonic systems
Authors: Kolganov Nikita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Schwinger-Keldysh diagram technique is usually involved in the calculation of real-time in-in correlation functions. In the case of a thermal state, one can analytically continue imaginary-time Matsubara correlation functions to real times. Nevertheless, not all real-time correlation functions usually can be obtained by such procedure. Moreover, numerical analytic continuation is an ill-posed problem. Thus, even in the case of a thermal state one may need for the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. If the potential of a system admits degenerate minima, instantonic effects enter the game, so one should also integrate over the instantonic moduli space, including the one, corresponding to the imaginary time translational invariance. However, the Schwinger-Keldysh closed time contour explicitly breaks such invariance. We argue, that this invariance must be recovered, and show, how it can be done. After that, we construct an extension of the Schwinger-Keldysh diagram technique to instantonic systems and demonstrate it on the example of the first few-point correlation functions.
Exploring causality in braneworld/cutoff holography via holographic scattering
Authors: Mori Takato , Yoshida Beni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Holography with branes and/or cutoff surfaces presents a promising approach to studying quantum gravity beyond asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes. However, this generalized holography is known to face several inconsistencies, including potential violations of causality and fundamental entropic inequalities. In this work, we address these challenges by investigating the bulk scattering process and its holographic realization. Specifically, we propose that the information on a brane/cutoff surface Q propagates according to the induced light cones originating from a fictitious asymptotic boundary behind Q, rather than the conventional ones originating from a point on Q. Additionally, we establish the validity of the connected wedge theorem for generalized holography with induced light cones. We also demonstrate that entropic inequalities remain valid within the induced causal diamonds. While the induced light cone seemingly permits superluminal signaling, we argue that this causality violation can be an artifact of state preparation for radially propagating excitations, rather than local operator excitations on Q.
Modular factorization of superconformal indices
Authors: Jejjala Vishnu , Lei Yang , van Leuven Sam , Li Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Superconformal indices of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theories factorize into holomorphic blocks. We interpret this as a modular property resulting from the combined action of an SL(3, ℤ) and SL(2, ℤ) ⋉ ℤ2 transformation. The former corresponds to a gluing transformation and the latter to an overall large diffeomorphism, both associated with a Heegaard splitting of the underlying geometry. The extension to more general transformations leads us to argue that a given index can be factorized in terms of a family of holomorphic blocks parametrized by modular (congruence sub)groups. We find precise agreement between this proposal and new modular properties of the elliptic Γ function. This leads to our conjecture for the “modular factorization” of superconformal lens indices of general $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theories. We provide evidence for the conjecture in the context of the free chiral multiplet and SQED and sketch the extension of our arguments to more general gauge theories. Assuming the validity of the conjecture, we systematically prove that a normalized part of superconformal lens indices defines a non-trivial first cohomology class associated with SL(3, ℤ). Finally, we use this framework to propose a formula for the general lens space index.
Black Holes and the loss landscape in machine learning
Authors: Kumar Pranav , Mandal Taniya , Mondal Swapnamay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding the loss landscape is an important problem in machine learning. One key feature of the loss function, common to many neural network architectures, is the presence of exponentially many low lying local minima. Physical systems with similar energy landscapes may provide useful insights. In this work, we point out that black holes naturally give rise to such landscapes, owing to the existence of black hole entropy. For definiteness, we consider 1/8 BPS black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 string theory. These provide an infinite family of potential landscapes arising in the microscopic descriptions of corresponding black holes. The counting of minima amounts to black hole microstate counting. Moreover, the exact numbers of the minima for these landscapes are a priori known from dualities in string theory. Some of the minima are connected by paths of low loss values, resembling mode connectivity. We estimate the number of runs needed to find all the solutions. Initial explorations suggest that Stochastic Gradient Descent can find a significant fraction of the minima.
Return‐to‐performance in elite soccer players after Achilles tendon ruptures: a study using a weighted plus/minus metric and matched‐control analysis
Authors: Diniz Pedro , Lacerda Diogo , Mendes Bruno , Pereira Hélder , Ferreira Frederico Castelo , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeStudies have shown decreased match participation and shortened careers in athletes suffering Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs), but assessment using a true performance metric is lacking. Plus/minus (PM) metrics provide a practical and objective approach to player performance assessment and are commonly used in other sports. This study aimed to quantify and compare individual player performance variations in elite football league players who sustained ATRs and returned to play within 1 year compared to those without ATRs, using a PM metric.MethodsPlayer and team data were sourced from Transfermarkt.com. Male players sustaining ATRs between 2007 and 2018 were identified through injury reports. A control group (CTRL) was matched by position, age, height, and league, with a 6:1 ratio of controls to ATR subjects. The day of injury was considered “time zero”. Year ‐1 corresponds to the 360 days preceding injury, and Year 1 to the interval between 360 and 720 days after. Performance in the player’s main team was evaluated using a previously validated weighted PM metric. Only data from Year ‐1 and Year 1 were used for ATR versus CTRL group comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe ATR group included 125 athletes. Data from more than 76,000 matches were analyzed. No statistically significant differences in net weighted PM metric between Year ‐1 and Year 1 were found.ConclusionNo differences were found between athletes suffering from ATRs and controls regarding the weighted PM metric.Level of evidenceIII.
Functional positioning principles for image‐based robotic‐assisted TKA achieved a higher Forgotten Joint Score at 1 year compared to conventional TKA with restricted kinematic alignment
Authors: Kafelov Moussa , Batailler Cécile , Shatrov Jobe , Al‐Jufaili Jihad , Farhat Jawhara , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeFew comparative studies assessed the current concept of individualised alignment for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and their outcomes at mid‐term. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes at 1 year of primary TKA performed with a functional positioning technique based on an image‐based robotic‐assisted system, compared to conventional TKA performed with a restricted kinematic alignment technique.MethodsThis retrospective comparative study included 100 primary TKAs performed with functional positioning principles using an image‐based robotic‐assisted system. A control group included 100 primary TKAs with the same posterior‐stabilised implant as the robotic group but performed with manual instrumentation and restricted kinematic alignment technique. In the robotic group, the mean age was 69.2 years old ± 7.9; the mean body mass index was 29.7 kg/m2 ± 4.6. The demographic characteristics were similar between both groups. Kujala score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Knee Society Score (KSS) knee and KSS function were collected 12 months postoperatively. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using the Student t test. For non‐normally distributed continuous variables, the Mann–Whitney test was used.ResultsFJS was significantly higher in the robotic group (76.3 ± 13 vs. 68.6 ± 16.9 in the conventional group; p = 0.026). At a 1‐year follow‐up, there was no significant difference in the KSS knee and KSS function scores and the Kujala score between both groups. The mean KSS knee score was 90.8 ± 11.4 in the robotic group versus 89.4 ± 9.6 in the conventional group (p = 0.082). The mean KSS function score was 91.4 ± 12.3 versus 91.3 ± 12.6, respectively (p = 0.778).ConclusionFunctional positioning principles using an image‐based robotic‐assisted system achieved a higher Forgotten Joint Score 1 year after TKA compared to restricted kinematic alignment. Personalised alignment and implant positioning are interesting paths to improve the functional outcomes after TKA.Level of evidenceIII.