bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Forecasting of Water Demand in the City of Istanbul Using Artificial Neural Networks Optimized with Rao Algorithms
Authors: Uzlu Ergun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)-Rao series (Rao_1, Rao_2, and Rao_3) algorithm model was developed to analyze water consumption in Istanbul province, Turkey. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed and an ANN was also trained with back-propagation (BP) artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms for comparison. Gross domestic product and population data were treated as independent variables. To test the accuracy of the presently developed hybrid model, its outputs were compared with those of ANN-BP, ANN-ABC, and MLR models. Error values calculated for the test set indicated that the ANN-Rao_3 algorithm outperformed the MLR, ANN-BP, and ANN-ABC reference models as well as ANN-Rao_1 and ANN-Rao_2 algorithms. Therefore, using the ANN-Rao_3 model, water consumption forecasts for Istanbul province were generated out to 2035 for low-, expected-, and high-water demand conditions. The model-generated forecasts indicate that the water requirements of Istanbul in 2035 will be between 1182.95 and 1399.54 million m3, with the upper-range estimates outpacing supplies. According to low and expected scenarios, there will be no problem in providing the water needs of Istanbul until 2035. However, according to high scenario, water needs of Istanbul will not be provided as of 2033.Therefore, water conservation policies should be enacted to ensure provision of the water needs of Istanbul province from 2033 onward.
Sepsis mimics among presumed sepsis patients at intensive care admission: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Lengquist Maria , Varadarajan Anjali , Alestam Shiva , Friberg Hans , Frigyesi Attila , Mellhammar Lisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Diagnosing sepsis remains a challenge because of the lack of gold-standard diagnostics. Since there are no simple, broadly accepted criteria for infection, there is a risk of misclassifying sepsis patients (sepsis mimics) among patients with organ failure. The main objective of this study was to investigate the proportion of non-infected patients (sepsis mimics) in ICU patients with presumed sepsis at intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Methods
Adult patients were screened retrospectively during 3.5 years in four ICUs in Sweden for fulfilment of the sepsis-3 criteria at ICU admission (presumed sepsis). Proxy criteria for suspected infection were sampled blood culture(s) and concomitant antibiotic administration. Culture-negative presumed sepsis patients were screened for infection according to the Linder-Mellhammar Criteria of Infection (LMCI). Sepsis mimics were defined as without probable infection according to the LMCI. Confirmed sepsis was defined as presumed sepsis after the exclusion of sepsis mimics.

Results
In the ICU presumed sepsis cohort (2664 patients), 25% were considered sepsis mimics. The most common reasons for ICU admission among sepsis mimics were acute heart failure and unspecific respiratory failure. Comparing sepsis mimics and confirmed sepsis showed that confirmed sepsis patients were slightly more severely ill but had similar mortality. C-reactive protein had modest discriminatory power (AUROC 0.71) with confirmed sepsis as the outcome.

Conclusions
One-fourth of a presumed ICU sepsis population identified with the sepsis-3 criteria could be considered sepsis mimics. The high proportion of sepsis mimics has a potential dilutional effect on the presumed sepsis population, which threatens the validity of results from sepsis studies using recommended sepsis criteria.
Running-Related Injury Incidence: Does It Correlate with Kinematic Sub-groups of Runners? A Scoping Review
Authors: Adamson Léa , Vandamme Liam , Prior Trevor , Miller Stuart Charles 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Historically, kinematic measures have been compared across injured and non-injured groups of runners, failing to take into account variability in kinematic patterns that exist independent of injury, and resulting in false positives. Research led by gait patterns and not pre-defined injury status is called for, to better understand running-related injury (RRI) aetiology and within- and between-group variability.

Objectives
Synthesise evidence for the existence of distinct kinematic sub-groups across a population of injured and healthy runners and assess between-group variability in kinematics, demographics and injury incidence.

Data Sources
Electronic database search: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), Embase, OVID, Scopus.

Eligibility Criteria
Original, peer-reviewed, research articles, published from database start to August 2022 and limited to English language were searched for quantitative and mixed-methods full-text studies that clustered injured runners according to kinematic variables.

Results
Five studies (n = 690) were included in the review. All studies detected the presence of distinct kinematic sub-groups of runners through cluster analysis. Sub-groups were defined by multiple differences in hip, knee and foot kinematics. Sex, step rate and running speed also varied significantly between groups. Random injury dispersal across sub-groups suggests no strong evidence for an association between kinematic sub-groups and injury type or location.

Conclusion
Sub-groups containing homogeneous gait patterns exist across healthy and injured populations of runners. It is likely that a single injury may be represented by multiple movement patterns, and therefore kinematics may not predict injury risk. Research to better understand the underlying causes of kinematic variability, and their associations with RRI, is warranted.
Post-COVID Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Spera Francesco Raffaele , Mistrulli Raffaella , Salerno Luigi , Vannini Federico , Muthukkattil Melwyn Luis , Falcetti Roberta , Segal Terry , Barbato Emanuele , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Long COVID, or post-COVID Condition, is increasingly recognized in children and adolescents, despite being less studied compared with the adult population. Recent studies are documenting that inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) may be key clinical problems in patients with long COVID, and preliminary findings have shown that these may be important features also in children. However, POTS and IST are poorly known among non-specialized pediatricians, and this gap may limit access to appropriate care for children and adolescents with long COVID or other post-viral fatigue syndromes. In this review, we critically evaluate the available literature investigating the burden of post-COVID-19 IST and POTS in children and young people, their pathogenesis, and available evidence for their management in the pediatric population.

Recent Findings
In line with adult studies, there is increasing evidence that also children with long COVID may suffer from IST and POTS. Case reports and case series, as well as pediatric experience from other conditions, suggest that IST and POTS can be treated also in the pediatric population

Summary
IST and POTS are under-recognized conditions in children. Clinical findings as well as diagnostics like 24-h ECG and heart rate variability are non-invasive tests to diagnose IST and POTS. If properly recognized, these conditions are treatable.
Students’ Mathematical Thinking in Movement
Authors: Gandell Robyn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMathematics education research is increasingly focused on how students’ movement interacts with their cognition. Although usually characterized as embodiment research, movement research often theorizes the body in diverse ways. Ingold (Making: Anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture, 2013) proposes that thinking and knowing emerge from the entwined, dynamic flows of human and non-human materials in a process called making and, following Sheets-Johnstone (The primacy of movement (Vol. 82), 2011), contends that humans think in movement. The study that this paper draws on employs Ingold’s making to study students’ movement during mathematical problem solving. In this paper I also recruit Laban’s movement elements (Laban & Ullmann, 1966/2011) as a framework to describe and analyse how the body moves in space and time and to incorporate the often-forgotten dynamic qualities of movement. This paper investigates the movement of a small group of tertiary students as they engage with a mathematical prompt (a task in Abstract Algebra), using thick description, to answer the questions: (1) How do students think mathematically in movement? (2) How do Laban’s elements help inform research into students’ movement? Through the lens of Laban’s movement elements, my analysis demonstrates that students think mathematically in movement. These findings suggest that mathematics educators may be overlooking valuable instances of students’ mathematical thinking and knowing: the thinking and knowing in movement which may not be available through verbalizations or artefacts. Although thinking in movement does not fit a traditional conceptualization of undergraduate mathematics, which privileges written communication heavily reliant on notation, to understand students’ mathematical cognition more comprehensively, mathematics educators need to reconsider and appreciate students’ mathematical thinking in movement.
Numerical simulations of fault stick–slip characteristics in different temperature fields at laboratory scale
Authors: Ma Ke , Zhao Yong , Zhao Qianbai , Xie Haijun , Li Jingrui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the increasing demand for deep engineering development, there is an urgent need to study the evolution and formation mechanisms of the stick–slip process in faults at high temperatures. Although research on fault stick–slip behaviors at room temperature and laboratory scales has yielded some findings, exploring them at high temperatures is challenging, especially when acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is involved. To address this, the research conducted numerical simulations of fault stick–slip characteristics under thermo-mechanical coupling using the discrete element method to solve the problem. This approach aimed to provide insights into fault stick–slip behaviors and AE characteristics across different temperature fields. Subsequently, the evolution of the stress–strain characteristics (the number of stick–slip cycles, slip-initiation stress, slip-initiation stress drop, and maximum stress drop), energy dissipation, and AE characteristics (energy, magnitude, failure mechanism, and b-value) in the stick–slip process were systematically analyzed. The findings of this study aim to address existing shortcomings in AE tests and simulation methods related to fault stick–slip behaviors at high temperatures.
Reasonable value range of damage stress during rock brittle failure under compression
Authors: Yang Baicun , Jiang Xinyu , Duan Yongting , Song Chuyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is significant to clarify the reasonable value range of damage stress in the brittle failure process of rock to predict rock instability, such as collapse and landslide. Previous studies on damage stress were mostly limited to the statistical analysis of results obtained through laboratory rock mechanics experiments, and relevant theoretical studies are urgently needed. This study first derived the theoretical expression of the ratio of the rock damage stress to the peak stress σcd/σf by combining the three dimensional renormalization group model established by the proper stress transfer mechanism with the rock damage constitutive model, and obtained its theoretical range. Then, the rationality of the theoretical results was tested by analyzing the statistical results obtained through laboratory rock mechanics experiments for samples with different lithologies under different confining pressures. The reasonable value range of σcd/σf for describing the brittle failure of rock under compression is [0.76, 0.93]. The reasons for some experimentally obtained σcd/σf values falling outside of the reasonable range are discussed. The findings of this study can be useful for the investigation of disaster mechanisms and the development of rock mass instability prediction models.
Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Jaime Raquel F. , Puga Hélder , Prokic Miodrag , Söderhjelm Carl , Apelian Diran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh integrity cast aluminum components require the use of molten metal processing technologies prior to casting. These include processes such as degassing to reduce porosity, filtration to reduce inclusion content, addition of grain refiners to refine the grain structure, and the addition of chemical modifiers to alter the morphology of eutectic phases. Ultrasonic treatment (UST) is a novel processing method through which ultrasonic energy is introduced into molten metal for the purpose of degassing as well as modifying the cast microstructure. To optimize the use and applications of UST, it is necessary to examine the fundamental mechanisms and the limiting values of controlling parameters. The effectiveness of UST to perform a desired application within a molten metal is highly dependent on temperature, volume of liquid metal, and the state of the frequency in use. The mechanisms of ultrasonic energy imparted within molten metal will be discussed as well as the benefits of UST during molten metal processing.
Research Ethics and Ethical Research: An Example of Integrating Ethics in R&I Research
Authors: Gabel Friedrich , Schobert Maira , Krüger Marco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe role of ethics in research and innovation projects (R&I) has become much more important in recent decades. Particularly, security-related research is required to reflect on normative issues within the research process. At the same time, the form in which ethics is addressed differs greatly. This is not only due to different research agendas (e.g. ethics as an evaluation criterion of research or a research endeavour in itself) and aims (e.g. technology development, social or medical research) but also because of different perceptions with regard to the role of ethics within the research project (e.g. ethics as an external standard to comply with or ethics as a research strand within an interdisciplinary research project). As differences in the level of ethical reflection are not problematic as such, but might be rooted in the specific research interest itself, it might be difficult for those in charge of performing ethical research in R&I projects to develop ethics research designs for new projects. Focussing on security research, we present in this contribution, how ethics was included into the work performed in a trans- and interdisciplinary EU research project. Thereby, four levels of ethical reflection are distinguished and illustrated with examples. These levels can be subsumed under the categories research ethics and ethical research. The paper is intended as one example of how ethics can be integrated into security-related research, which might and should be complemented with other approaches in order to help researchers developing an ethical inventory of procedures to conduct ethical research in security domain.
Modified medication use in dysphagia: the effect of thickener on drug bioavailability—a systematic review
Authors: Atkin Jayne , Devaney Christopher , Yoshimatsu Yuki , Smithard David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Dysphagia is associated with long-term conditions including strokes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease and frailty. Dysphagia affects 30–40% of the population aged over 65 years-old. Adults with dysphagia often experience long-term conditions requiring multiple medications (often > 5) to manage these. The thickening of liquids is a common compensatory strategy in dysphagia management. Studies suggest that immersion in thickened liquids affects medicines’ solubility in vitro. Clinicians and pharmacists are unaware of the pharmacokinetic/therapeutic effects of thickened liquids on oral medicines. We conducted a systematic review of existing literature on thickeners’ effects on drug bioavailability.

Methodology
We performed a literature search of MEDLINE & EMBASE. Search terms included: dysphagia/thickened diet (EMBASE only)/ bioavailability or absorption of medicines or pharmacokinetics; excluded: NG feeds/animal studies. Studies included: all genders, countries, > 18 years, community and hospital settings. PRISMA guidance was followed.

Results
Five hundred seventy results were found, and 23 articles identified following the reference list review. Following an abstract and full-text review, 18 were included. Most articles evaluated thickeners on dissolution profiles in-vitro, with a few investigating in-vivo. Most studies were single-centre prospective studies identifying that thickeners generally affect dissolution rates of medications. Few studies assessed bioavailability or used clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
Dysphagia and polypharmacy are common in older adults, but little is known about the effects of altering liquid viscosity on the therapeutic effect of most medications. Further larger-scale studies are required to evaluate the therapeutic impact of thickener, on a bigger range of medications, factoring in other variables such as type of thickener, viscosity of thickener and duration of immersion.
Assessing dynamical resilience indicators in older adults: a prospective feasibility cohort study
Authors: Kolk Daisy , MacNeil Vroomen Janet L. , Melis René J. F. , Ridderikhof Milan L. , Buurman Bianca M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Measuring dynamical resilience indicators based on time series data may improve the prediction of health deterioration in older adults after hospital discharge. We examined the feasibility of an intensive prospective cohort study examining dynamical resilience indicators based on time series data of symptoms and physical activity in acutely ill older adults who visited the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study with time series data from symptom questionnaires and activity trackers. Thirty older adults (aged 75.9 ± 5.5 years, 37% female) who were discharged from the ED of a tertiary hospital in the Netherlands were included in the study. We monitored self-reported symptoms using a daily online questionnaire, and physical activity using an activity tracker for 30 days. Descriptive data on participant eligibility and adherence to and acceptability of the assessments were collected.

Results
Of 134 older patients visiting the ED, 109/134 (81%) were eligible for inclusion and 30/109 (28%) were included. Twenty-eight (93%) of the included participants completed follow-up. Regarding the adherence rate, 78% of participants filled in the questionnaire and 80% wore the activity tracker. Three (10%) participants completed fewer than three questionnaires. Most participants rated the measurements as acceptable and seven (23%) participants experienced an adverse outcome in the 30 days after discharge.

Conclusion
Such an intensive prospective cohort study examining dynamical resilience indicators in older adults was feasible. The quality of the collected data was sufficient, some adjustments to the measurement protocol are recommended. This study is an important first step to study resilience in older adults.
Detailed Analysis of Pedestrian Activity Recognition in Pedestrian Zones Using 3D Skeleton Joints Using LSTM
Authors: Jan Qazi Hamza , Badella Yogitha Sai , Berns Karsten 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs autonomous driving technology is developing rapidly, demands for pedestrian safety, intelligence, and stability are increasing. In this situation, there is a need to discern pedestrian location and action, such as crossing or standing, in dynamic and uncertain contexts. The success of autonomous driving for pedestrian zones depends heavily on its capacity to distinguish between safe and unsafe pedestrians. The vehicles must first recognize the pedestrian, then their body movements, and understand the meaning of their actions before responding appropriately. This article presents a detailed explanation of the architecture for 3D pedestrian activity recognition using recurrent neural networks (RNN). A custom dataset was created for behaviors such as parallel and perpendicular crossing while texting or calling encountered around autonomous vehicles. A model similar to Long-Short Term Memory (LSMT) has been used for different experiments. As a result, it is revealed that the models trained independently on upper and lower body data produced better classification than the one trained on whole body skeleton data. An accuracy of 97% has been achieved for lower body and 88–90% on upper body test data, respectively.
Single-Trace Side-Channel Attacks on NTRU Implementation
Authors: Rabas Tomáš , Buček Jiří , Lórencz Róbert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMost of the currently used cryptosystems are not secure in the presence of cryptographically relevant quantum computers. As the research in quantum technologies proceeds, a need for quantum-safe cryptography is imminent. NTRU is a post-quantum public-key cryptosystem based on lattices and was a finalist in the 3rd round of the post-quantum standardization process organized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This paper aims to study the implementation security of the cryptosystem with respect to an attacker with access to power leakage. Such a threat model is relevant especially, but not only, for embedded devices. We studied a countermeasure implementation of the NTRU decryption algorithm from An et al. (Appl Sci https://doi.org/10.3390/app8112014, 2018) that claimed its security against power attacks. This paper revisits an attack presented in as reported by Rabas (In: Proceedings of the
9th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy,
ICISSP 2023, Lisbon, 2023) that shows it is in fact vulnerable even in the case of just a single trace available to the enemy for extracting the key. We then describe a new profiling template attack on the implementation and show experimental results of the attack using the same datasets, resulting in a comparison of these two methods and further confirmation of the vulnerability of the algorithm even to generic profiling attacks. Several possible types of countermeasures are discussed.