bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Acceptability of the Test, Treat and Refer Practice for Malaria among Caregivers of Under 5 Children at Community Pharmacies and Drug Shops in Nigeria
Authors: Akomolafe Toyin O. , Baruwa Sikiru , Okafor Emeka Emmanuel , Daniel-Ebune Ene , Ajibade Theophilus , Ubuane Osimhen , Morakinyo Oluwatobi , Diallo Rodio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The burden of malaria affects children under the age of five and pregnant women, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. In sub-Saharan Africa, Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) have been identified as key players in the provision of malaria treatment due to their accessibility and availability in communities, but PPMVs are not usually tested before fever cases are treated as malaria or refer clients. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing caregivers’ acceptance of the test, treatment and referral practices for malaria management provided by CPs and PPMVs in Kaduna and Lagos states, Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative telephone survey was conducted among 150 caregivers of children under five years old who received malaria services from trained CPs and PPMVs between May and July 2022. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to identify factors significantly associated with the acceptability of malaria management services. All statistically significant factors from the bivariate analysis were explored using logistic regression models, and odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to predict acceptability. The 95% level was used to define statistically significant associations (p ≤ 0.05).
Results
All caregivers were asked questions that aided in obtaining a diagnosis of malaria. More than two-thirds of the caregivers (68%) reported that the child was tested by a CP/PPMV. Among those treated (148), 89% reported that the child was administered artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) irrespective of whether the child tested positive or negative for malaria. At the bivariate level, acceptability was greater among caregivers of children aged 13 months and older than among caregivers of children aged 0–12 months (93% vs. 76%, p = 0.004). Caregivers of children prescribed ACT had greater acceptance than did those not prescribed ACT (92% vs. 69%, p = 0.010). Multivariate analysis revealed that these relationships held.
Conclusions
The adoption of the test, treat, and refer practice as a standard approach by CPs and PPMVs could replace the widespread practice of prescribing medications without conducting tests. This shift has the potential to improve the quality of malaria management services and enhance patient outcomes.
Percutaneous Sperm Retrieval Technique: a reliable and effective sperm retrieval procedure for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Furtado Thiago Pardini , Zeh Andrea Kauffmann , Furtado Marcelo Horta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To study the reliability and effectiveness of repeated percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) procedures regarding sperm yields and reproductive outcomes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Also, to review and critically analyze the literature to evaluate whether repeated PESA procedures can reliably be used for assisted reproduction.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the records of 123 consecutive patients with obstructive azoospermia who underwent percutaneous sperm retrieval and ICSI using PESA with or without a rescue Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA). We compared patients who had the first sperm retrieval ever and patients who had more than one sperm retrieval performed. In addition, the rate of adequate sperm retrieved for ICSI and reproductive outcomes between the groups and literature were compared. The primary outcome was the rate of adequate sperm retrieved for ICSI, whereas the secondary outcomes were reproductive outcomes.
Results
The cumulative sperm retrieval rate was 100%, whether it was the first or repeated retrieval attempt. The reproductive outcomes (fertilization rate, cleavage rate, biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates) were similar in both patients who had the first sperm retrieval ever and patients who had more than one sperm retrieval performed with a clinical pregnancy rate of 33.3% vs. 51.7% (p = 0.085), respectively.
Conclusion
PESA associated with or without rescue TESA is a reliable and effective strategy either for retrieving sperm for ICSI, demystifying the concerns about the reliability of repeated PESA, or for reproductive results. This information is reassuring, especially but not exclusively to places with limited resources.
The Effectiveness of Ketamine on Non-invasive Ventilation Compliance in Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Nuhoğlu Çağatay , Solakoğlu Görkem Alper , Arslan Ferhat , Gülsoy Ömer Faruk , Döker Kamil Oğuzhan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background In patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute respiratory failure, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) is applied when conventional oxygen support is not sufficient. Patients who are agitated often have very low NIMV compliance and a transition to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is often required. To avoid IMV, a suitable sedative agent can be utilized. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between ketamine administration to patients who are non-compliant with NIMV due to agitation and the outcome of their intubation.Methods This retrospective study included patients with acute respiratory failure who were admitted to the ED from 2021 to 2022 and used Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) for identify agitation level of patients. The relationship between ketamine administration in this patient group and NIMV compliance and intubation outcome was evaluated.Results A total of 81 patients, including 35 (43.2%) men and 46 (56.8%) women, were included in the study. Of these patients, 46 (56.8%) were intubated despite ketamine administration, while 35 (43.2%) were compliant with NIMV and were not intubated. When evaluating the RASS, which shows the agitation levels of the patients, the non-intubated group was found to be 2.17 ± 0.68, while the intubated group was 2.66 ± 0.73, and it was statistically significant that the NIMV intubated group was higher (p = 0.003).Conclusion This study showed that agitation can impair NIMV compliance in patients with acute respiratory failure. However, a significant proportion of this patient group can be avoided through IMV with proper sedative agents.
Recent Trends in Agriculturally Relevant Climate in Central America
Authors: Nakamura Jennifer , Seager Richard , Liu Haibo , Cottier Fabien , Puma Michael J. , Wrathall David J. , Katz Brian , de Sherbinin Alex , Adamo Susana B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This study examines the climatology and trends in climate in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador over the past four decades, against the background of potential impacts on rainfed agriculture, livelihoods, and migration. The results show that there has been a significant warming of surface temperatures, an earlier start to the monsoon, a drier and longer mid-summer drought, and a delay in the second peak of precipitation from September to October. These changes have led to an increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in northern Guatemala and along the Pacific coast in winter. High VPD can stress plants and lead to reduced yields. The study also finds that the thresholds that cause a decline in coffee yield have already been reached in El Salvador, but the average VPD has also risen in Guatemala and Honduras over the past 42 years. Maize yields have also been negatively affected with an inverse relationship with daily maximum temperatures during the summer flowering season. Observed changes and trends in these climate factors are believed to have direct implications for crop yields and livelihoods, potentially driving shifts in migration patterns.
Tail-dependence of masting synchrony results in continent-wide seed scarcity
Authors: Szymkowiak Jakub , Foest Jessie , Hacket-Pain Andrew , Journé Valentin , Ascoli Davide , Bogdziewicz Michal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Spatial synchrony is the tendency of spatially separated populations to display similar temporal fluctuations. Spatial synchrony may be tail-dependent, meaning it is stronger for peaks rather than troughs, or vice versa. High interannual variation in seed production in perennial plants, called masting, can be synchronized at subcontinental scales. Resulting resource pulses and periods of seed scarcity have important but distinct ecosystem consequences that are amplified by their scale of synchrony. In this study, we used data from 99 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) sampled across the species range to examine whether masting synchrony differs between mast peaks and years of seed scarcity. The association between masting and the weather cue driving regional synchrony was stronger in the upper tails (corresponding to large values of the driver), translating into synchrony of mast peaks reaching 1000 km. However, the synchrony of seed scarcity was even higher, exceeding 1800 km. Consistently low seed production across a large range of low cue values homogenizes seed production across extensive spatial scales. Extensive synchrony in the masting lower tail means that famines caused by beech seed scarcity are amplified by their extensive spatial synchrony, with diverse consequences for food web functioning and climate change biology.
Depositional structures, Tectonic and Stratigraphic units and their effect on the Reservoir Rock units of South Lake Albert basin, Albertine rift, Uganda.
Authors: Tumushabe Wilson Mbile , Nagudi Betty , Echegu Simon , Aanyu Kevin , Helland-Hansen Willian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study focused on interpretation of three-dimension (3D) seismic and suites of wireline log datasets, to construct and interpret models and facies analysis to assess the depositional structures, tectonic and stratigraphic unit’ settings. Challenges and uncertainties of low to moderate reservoir quality parameters attributed to limited understanding of depositional structures, tectonic and stratigraphic units had been identified in previous studies within the study area. From the study undertaken, the study area is structurally complex with compartments and flower structures. The stratigraphic interpretation, realized that sediments were highly intercalated (clay, silt, fine and coarse sands) majorly attributed to the short changes in climatic (wet and dry) conditions. It was further deduced that compartmentalization and intercalations of sediments had a very high effect on the reservoir rock properties which might affect the recovery of the available fluids.
Implementation of Weight Adjusting GNN With Differentiable Pooling for User Preference-aware Fake News Detection
Authors: Maurya Jay Prakash , Richhariya Vivek , Gour Bhupesh , Kumar Vinesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the last few years, false news has hurt people and society, drawing attention to classify and identify news as fake or True. Major fake news detection algorithms either largely trust textual information via learning the internal knowledge of the extracted news material or writing style, or they focus on mining news content. To differentiate between fake and real news, the proposed experiment processes news information as a graph neural network with an attention-based differentiable pooling model. This sets the way for the user preference-aware fake detection (UPFD) in a graph-based structure. The attention-based differentiable pooling approach allows GNNs to adaptively extract information from the network by focusing on the most relevant nodes for a given task. One significant improvement is in the way the input data is formatted for the learning schema; in paired scenarios, tweet vectors are essential. Each pair includes a potential fake vector and a true vector; the latter's classification accuracy depends on how similar or different it is from the former. In particular, when it comes to historical events, the novel way that knowledge sets are handled in graph form and arranged in pairs of related terms provides a unique method for determining the veracity of news. To improve validation accuracy and learning, the proposed GNN-DP model also presents a comparison between the standard layer and the embedding layer. Moreover, comprehensive analyses and direct comparisons of the graph convolutional network (GCN) model's performance have been achieved by experimental evaluations.
Fertility Desire and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV/AIDs Attending Anti-Retroviral Therapy Clinic in Wachemo University Negist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Teaching Hospital, southern Ethiopia.
Authors: Kidane Bitania Degu , Mekonnen Hussen , Mekango Dejene Ermias , Moges Sisay , Ejajo Tekle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Reproductive decisions of people living with HIV/AIDS and their partners have long-term implications for their families, culture, and the world. Understanding fertility desire is essential for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess fertility desire and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients attending an Anti-Retroviral Therapy Clinic at Wachemo University Negist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital in southern Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the hospital's ART clinic from November 2021 to July 2022. A sample of 422 clinic patients was systematically selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed and odds ratios with 95% CIs were estimated.
Results: The prevalence of fertility desire among PLWHA was 56%. Being aged 17-29 years (AOR=5.68, 95%CI: 1.64, 19.63) or 30-39 years (AOR=5.32, 95%CI: 1.96, 14.46), married (AOR=4.29, 95% CI: 1.32, 13.92), more educated (AOR=7.90; 95%CI: 3.47, 17.96), nulliparous (AOR=4.26, 95% CI: 1.48, 8.27), and experiencing parental pressure to have children (AOR=3.89, 95% CI: 2.07, 7.31) were predictors of fertility desire.
Conclusion: PLWHAs have a high percentage of fertility desire. Fertility desire was predicted by age, marital status, educational status, previous childlessness, and paternal pressure. The government should strive to provide quality maternal therapy and prevent vertical transmission.
Conservação e reutilização de ar comprimido em reservatório de látex
Authors: Sousa João Carlos de , Alves Robert Duraes , Santos Fábio Nascimento Palácio dos , Teixeira Josias , Domingues Luiz Carlos , Primo Wilamy Bezerra , Rosa Ferreira André 
Published: February 2024

A intenção desse estudo foi a de demonstrar o comportamento de um circuito pneumático utilizando-se de um reservatório de látex para recepção e armazenamento de ar com o objetivo de comprovar seu funcionamento e eficiência energética de forma que o ar de um dos pistões utilizados não fosse expelido para a atmosfera durante a operação e sim coletado e armazenado para que, posteriormente e ainda durante a operação do sistema, fosse reaproveitado. No resultado concluiu-se que com o uso do reservatório de látex foi possível reaproveitar o ar no acionamento de um dos atuadores, permitindo então, que um menor volume de ar fosse demandado para seu funcionamento se comparado a um sistema sem tal implementação, processo considerado incomum na indústria em geral, com isto, podendo ser implantado na prática para atender os anseios de sustentabilidade e eficiência energética tendo como resultado também a redução de custo de energia.
PODE HAVER INCLUSÃO TÉCNICA E SOCIAL ATRAVÉS DAS MIXED MARTIAL ARTS?
Authors: Lopes Ricardo Cortez 
Published: February 2024

As artes marciais mistas (em inglês, MMA) nascem da mistura, do desejo de romper as barreiras entre as artes marciais, que já eram tradicionalmente estabelecidas até o momento da criação desta modalidade. Assim, o MMA pretende promover uma mistura destas em um estilo próprio. Partindo dessa premissa, cabe um questionamento: essa origem híbrida permite que haja a inclusão de atletas de alto rendimento com diferentes perfis corporais? Isso é aplicável para indivíduos com deficiência (PcD) e indivíduos com depressão? O objetivo é responder a essa problemática de pesquisa observando duas manifestações empíricas: a inclusão técnica através da prática de alguns atletas e a inclusão pelo reconhecimento social. Na primeira frente de dados, foram investigados 3 casos: Nick Newell, Rose Namajunas e Matt Hammil, atletas de alto rendimento e que já discutiram publicamente suas características, acessando suas experiências por via de entrevistas concedidas a sites com bastante relevância; já na segunda frente há uma investigação através do estudo de comentários de internautas, postadas em notícias na internet relacionadas aos sujeitos dos três casos, selecionados por via de saturação. A análise agiu por indicadores, encontrando os conceitos construídos pelo corpus de maneira espontânea. Nossa conclusão é que a inclusão técnica acontece, mas que o reconhecimento social é condicionado à construção de uma narrativa de superação pessoal.
New Analogues of the Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitor
FK866 as Potential Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Agents
Authors: Conforti Irene , Benzi Andrea , Caffa Irene , Bruzzone Santina , Nencioni Alessio , Marra Alberto 
Published: February 2024

Background:
During the past two decades, many nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
(NAMPT) inhibitors were prepared and tested because this enzyme is overexpressed in pancreatic
cancer. Although FK866 is a well-known, strong NAMPT inhibitor, it suffers severe drawbacks.

Objective:
Our work aimed to synthesize efficient NAMPT inhibitors featuring better pharmacokinetic
properties than the pyridine-containing FK866. To this aim, the new anticancer agents were
based on benzene, pyridazine, or benzothiazole moieties as a cap group instead of the pyridine unit
found in FK866 and other NAMPT inhibitors.

Methods:
The new compounds, prepared exploiting standard heterocycle chemistry and coupling
reactions (e.g., formation of amides, ureas, and cyanoguanidines, copper-mediated azide-alkyne
cycloaddition), have been fully characterized using NMR and HRMS analyses. Their activity has
been evaluated using cytotoxicity and intracellular NAD depletion assays in the human pancreatic
cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2.

Results:
Among the 14 products obtained, compound 28, bearing a pyridazine unit as the cap group
and a thiophene moiety as the tail group, showed 6.7 nanomolar inhibition activity in the intracellular
NAD depletion assay and 43 nanomolar inhibition in the MiaPaCa-2 cells cytotoxicity assay,
comparable to that observed for FK866.

Conclusion:
The positive results observed for some newly synthesized molecules, particularly
those carrying a thiophene unit as a tail group, indicate that they could act as in vivo anti-pancreatic
cancer agents.
Sia-m7G: Predicting m7G Sites through the Siamese Neural Network with an Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zheng Jia , Zhou Yetong 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The chemical modification of RNA plays a crucial role in many biological
processes. N7-methylguanosine (m7G), being one of the most important epigenetic modifications,
plays an important role in gene expression, processing metabolism, and protein synthesis. Detecting
the exact location of m7G sites in the transcriptome is key to understanding their relevant mechanism
in gene expression. On the basis of experimentally validated data, several machine learning or
deep learning tools have been designed to identify internal m7G sites and have shown advantages
over traditional experimental methods in terms of speed, cost-effectiveness and robustness.

Aims:
In this study, we aim to develop a computational model to help predict the exact location of
m7G sites in humans.

Objective:
Simple and advanced encoding methods and deep learning networks are designed to
achieve excellent m7G prediction efficiently.

Methods:
Three types of feature extractions and six classification algorithms were tested to identify
m7G sites. Our final model, named Sia-m7G, adopts one-hot encoding and a delicate Siamese neural
network with an attention mechanism. In addition, multiple 10-fold cross-validation tests were
conducted to evaluate our predictor.

Results:
Sia-m7G achieved the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy on 10-fold crossvalidation
tests compared with the other six m7G predictors. Nucleotide preference and model visualization
analyses were conducted to strengthen the interpretability of Sia-m7G and provide a further
understanding of m7G site fragments in genomic sequences.

Conclusion:
Sia-m7G has significant advantages over other classifiers and predictors, which proves
the superiority of the Siamese neural network algorithm in identifying m7G sites.
A Systematic Narrative Review on ADIPOQ Gene Variants and its
Association with T2DM in the Indian Population
Authors: Khan Mohammad Danish , Srivastava Rohit Kumar , Upadhyay Tarun Kumar , Khan Mohammad Mustufa 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing in India, even among
young adult individuals. Rare adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) variants may be predominantly present
in Indians and decrease the circulatory levels of APN (Adiponectin). Studies reported that
ADIPOQ gene variants were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications
in the Indian population.

Objectives:
To review the association of specific ADIPOQ gene variants with T2DM and its
associated complications

Materials & Methods:
A search of Pubmed, Chinhal, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science databases,
and Google Scholar search engine was performed to retrieve articles by using the following
keywords; “ADIPOQ and T2DM”, “ADIPOQ and India,” “ADIPOQ gene variants and
T2DM”, “ADIPOQ gene variants and T2DM and India”, “SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and T2DM”,
“SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and India,” SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and T2DM and India”. Eligibility
criteria for the inclusion of articles: Original, Case-Control Study, and Full-Text articles were
published in the English language till the end of April 2023.

Results:
A total of 540 articles were retrieved. Out of this, only 18 articles were found suitable
to include in this systematic narrative review. The most studied ADIPOQ gene variants were
found to be +10211T/G (rs17846866), +45T/G (rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299) in
different Indian populations.

Conclusion:
It was reviewed that ADIPOQ gene variants +10211T/G (rs17846866), +45T/G
(rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299) were predominantly present in the Indian population,
and decreasing the circulatory levels of APN and significantly associated with T2DM and its
complications.