bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar organizer regions and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Delahunt Brett , Ribas Jorge L. , Nancy John N. , Bethwaite Peter B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe prognostic significance of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was evaluated. NORs were quantified in a series of 182 cases of RCC using the silver‐colloid method. The cases were staged according to Robson's method (48 stage I, 26 stage II, 33 stage III, 75 stage IV) and mean NOR numbers for each tumour were correlated with survival over a 5‐year period. Localized tumours (stages I and II) with low NOR numbers had an almost 100 per cent 5‐year survival. Those patients with clinical evidence of metastases at presentation showed a high mortality, although those with low numbers of NORs had a significantly increased disease‐free interval. Statistical analysis using the log rank test indicated NORs to be a significant predictor of survival over the whole series (P= 0·0001) and within each of Robson's stages (P= 0·0008 stage I,P= 0·0154 stage II,P= 0·0009 stage III,P= 0·0001 stage IV). Analysis of data using Cox's proportional hazard model showed mean NOR numbers to be independent of stage as a predictor of survival.
Basaloid carcinoma of salivary glands, a variety of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical study of intermediate filament proteins in 24 cases
Authors: Chomette G. , Auriol M. , Vaillant J. M. , Kasai T. , Okada Y. , Mori M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAmong adenoid cystic carcinomas of salivary glands (ACCs), the solid basaloid type has a poor prognosis similar to that of undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. We studied 24 cases in immunohistochemistry using antibodies reactive with keratins of various molecular weights, vimentin, S‐100 protein, and its A and B subunits. Our findings were correlated with the histological pattern and with the variable degree of differentiation of these carcinomas. In comparison with other types of ACC, intermediate filament proteins in this group were weakly expressed. The co‐expression of cytokeratin and vimentin was noted in some cases. Additional features noted were the presence of cribriform cavities associated with solid lobules and areas of necrosis giving a comedocarcinomatous pattern. In these two variants, cells characterized by the dual expression of cytokeratin and S‐100 protein were seen. In the highly malignant anaplastic variety, only a few cells were weakly positive with antisera to cytokeratin and vimentin. This group shows similarities to undifferentiated adenocarcinomas of salivary glands. Such similarities could be explained by the common origin of these tumours from intercalated ducts.
Cellular H‐ and M‐type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes and tumour diagnosis—an immunohistochemical assessment
Authors: Pan Langxing , Xu Junna , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCellular H‐ and M‐type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were determined immunohistochemically in a wide range of normal, inflammatory, benign neoplastic, and malignant tissues to assess the possible value of the isoenzymes in tumour diagnosis. Both types of LDH were detected almost ubiquitously in normal tissues. Increased staining intensity of LDH, especially M‐type LDH, was demonstrated in most types of malignant tumours studied. Similar increased staining intensity of the isoenzymes was also noted to parallel the proliferative activity of the cells in non‐neoplastic diseases and benign neoplasms. The results suggest that changes of cellular H‐ and M‐type LDH isoenzymes are not specific for any type of malignant tumours. The increase in cellular H‐ and M‐type LDH isoenzymes appears to be related to proliferation of cells in general.
Antipeptide antibodies against the pNR‐2 oestrogen‐regulated protein of human breast cancer cells and detection of pNR‐2 expression in normal tissues by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Piggott Nigel H. , Henry James A. , May Felicity E. B. , Westley Bruce R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFive peptides, corresponding to regions of the predicted protein sequence of the oestrogen‐regulated pNR‐2 protein which is expressed in oestrogen‐responsive human breast cancer cells, were synthesized. Two peptides were immunogenic in rabbits and antisera against one peptide reacted with the pNR‐2 protein in sections of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded breast tumour. There was a significant correlation between the extent of pNR‐2 protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry and pNR‐2 mRNA levels determined by hybridization with a cDNA probe in a series of primary breast tumours. pNR‐2 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in a panel of normal tissues. Expression was detected in normal breast, small intestine, and stomach (body and antrum).
Oncoprotein immunoreactivity in human endocrine tumours
Authors: Roncalli M. , Springall D. R. , Varndell I. M. , Gaitonde V. V. , Hamid Q. , Ibrahim N. B. N. , Grimelius L. , Wilander E. , Polak J. M. , Coggi G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAbnormally expressed oncogenes are implicated in neoplastic transformation. We have investigated a series of endocrine tumours using immunocytochemistry as a first screening tool to detect oncogene expression. Paraffin sections of 44 pulmonary small cell carcinomas, 15 pulmonary atypical carcinoids, 12 bronchial carcinoids, 28 medullary thyroid carcinomas, 27 phaeochromocytomas, and 17 insulinomas were immunostained with antibodies to c‐erbB‐2, c‐myc, L‐myc, and N‐myc. Diffuse immunoreactivity was detectable for c‐erbB‐2 in 8 out of 44 (18 per cent) pulmonary small cell carcinomas, 3 out of 15 (20 per cent) pulmonary atypical carcinoids, and 6 out of 27 (22 per cent) phaeochromocytomas; for c‐myc in 18 out of 44 (41 per cent) pulmonary small cell carcinomas and 5 out of 15 (33 per cent) pulmonary atypical carcinoids; for N‐myc in 6 out of 28 (21 per cent) medullary thyroid carcinomas; and for L‐myc in 4 out of 27 (15 per cent) phaeochromocytomas. There was considerable intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity and, in each tumour group, no relationship was found between tumour pattern, mitotic index, and oncoprotein immunoreactivity. These results suggest that oncogene products are present in a proportion of endocrine tumours, and that specific oncoproteins seem to be related to tumour type but not to other histopathological findings. Thus, oncoprotein detection may be a useful tool for identifying subsets of endocrine tumours that are not otherwise recognizable morphologically.
Enteroviruses and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cochrane Hugh R. , May Felicity E. B. , Ashcroft Thomas , Dark John H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that some cases of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) are due to persistent viral infection following an episode of viral myocarditis. Viral RNA sequences have recently been detected in material from patients with IDC using molecular biological techniques. We tested 40 samples from recipients' hearts explanted at cardiac transplantation for the presence of enteroviral RNA sequences, using a Northern blotting technique. Material from 19 cases of IDC and 21 cases of non‐cardiomyopathic cardiac failure was examined together with Coxsackie‐virus‐infected neonatal mouse heart as a positive control and non‐infected adult mouse heart as a negative control. A sharp band of viral RNA was detected in the positive control sample. No hybridization signal attributable to viral RNA was obtained for the negative control or for any of the test samples. We conclude that the role of enteroviruses in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy is not fully established and that further study is warranted.
Influence of hypobaric hypoxia in infancy on the subsequent development of vasoconstrictive pulmonary vascular disease in the Wistar albino rat
Authors: Caslin Anthony , Heath Donald , Smith Paul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA group of Wistar albino rats was injected subcutaneously with monocrotaline to induce vasoconstrictive hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease characterized by medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries, the appearance of muscular pulmonary arterial vessels of arteriolar dimensions (less than 20 μm in diameter), and exudative changes in the lung parenchyma. The vascular abnormalities were quantified by measuring the percentage medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries, the number of muscular pulmonary arterial vessels below 20 μm in diameter per cm2 of lung section and by determining the smallest arterial vessels in each case showing muscularity. A second group of rats was born in a decompression chamber and kept in hypobaric hypoxia for a month of the neonatal period, developing hypoxic hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease as a consequence. The animals in this group were allowed to recover in room air for a period of 3 months and were then injected with the same dose of monocrotaline as that given to the first group. The rats previously exposed to hypoxia exhibited an exaggerated response to the alkaloid, showing in particular many more small muscular pulmonary arterial vessels which were of a smaller diameter than those found in the eupoxic rats treated with the alkaloid. The experiment demonstrates that perinatal hypoxia exaggerates the effects of agents inducing vasoconstrictive pulmonary hypertension with a shift of the segment of the pulmonary arterial tree involved to the periphery as in hypoxia. Reports of a similar phenomenon are noted as occurring in babies born at high altitude, spending their infancy there and subsequently developing primary pulmonary hypertension later in life.
Sarcomatoid tumours of lymph nodes showing follicular dendritic cell differentiation
Authors: Hollowood Kevin , Pease Christopher , Mackay Alasdair M. , Fletcher Christopher D. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPutative sarcomas of follicular dendritic cells are extremely uncommon and only small case numbers have been clearly documented. A major difficulty in their delineation has been the persistent controversy over the phenotype and ontogeny of normal follicular dendritic cells. Two new cases arising in adult females are presented herein, both of which had initially been mistaken for metastases from a true soft tissue sarcoma. Their morphology, immunophenotype, and ultrastructure (in one case) are described in order to aid their wider recognition. In the light of these findings, the nature and origin of follicular dendritic cells are discussed.
True histiocytic neoplasm of Langerhans' cell type
Authors: Delabie J. , De Wolf‐Peeters C. , De Vos R. , Vandenberghe E. , Kennes K. , De Jonge I. , Desmet V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMalignant histiocytic neoplasms of dendritic cell lineage are rare and most are derived from the dendritic cells of the T‐cell and B‐cell areas of the lymph node, respectively. Only one case of a malignant histiocytic neoplasm of Langerhans' cells, the dendritic cell of the skin, has been reported.We report the occurrence of a true histiocytic neoplasm of Langerhans' cell type in a 23‐year‐old female patient. The diagnosis of this highly aggressive neoplasm is supported by histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and genotypic analysis—techniques which allow differentiation from malignant melanoma and large cell anaplastic lymphoma.
Eosinophilic granuloma of the bone in Hand–Schüller‐Christian disease: Extensive in vivo eosinophil degranulation and subsequent binding of released eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) to other inflammatory cells
Authors: Zabucchi Giuliano , Soranzo Maria Rosa , Menegazzi Renzo , Cattin Luigi , Vecchio Monica , Lanza Francesco , Patriarca Pierluigi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe eosinophils from bone granuloma, bone marrow, and peripheral blood of a patient with Hand–Schüller–Christian disease (HSCD) were studied by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Impressive eosinophil degranulation was observed. Extracellular release of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and EPO binding to surrounding cells were seen in the granuloma and bone marrow. Cells with peroxidase‐positive plasma membrane were also observed in peripheral blood. The pattern of eosinophil degranulation showed quite different features from those described so far. In the granuloma, the process begins with intracytoplasmic release of the granule matrix content, as revealed by both extensive extragranular accumulation of EPO and progressive decrease of the matrix electron density. Core dissolution follows thereafter, leading to complete disappearance of the granules. At the end of the process, the cells show rupture of the plasma membrane and release of their content into the surrounding environment. This pattern if secretion was also observed in blood and marrow eosinophils of the patient. In view of the previously reported findings that EPO binding to inflammatory cells influences their functions, EPO release and binding to surrounding cells in HSCD may play a role in the evolution of the inflammatory lesion in this disease.
Nucleolar ultrastructure in low‐ and high‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Goodlad John R. , Crocker John , Macartney James C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructure of nucleoli in seven high‐ and seven low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Nucleoli with a single large fibrillar centre were predominantly seen in the low‐grade group, while the majority of nucleoli in high‐grade lesions contained several small fibrillar centres of approximately equal size. A third type of nucleolar appearance was identified, with a large central fibrillar centre surrounded by numerous small ‘satellite’ fibrillar centres. This nucleolar configuration was the least common but was more often seen in low‐grade than in high‐grade lymphomas. The mean fibrillar centre cross‐sectional area was determined for each group and measured 278 800 nm2 for low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas and 62 507 nm2 for high‐grade lymphomas (P < 0·001). These results show that fibrillar centre size and morphology correlates with grade of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and may reflect differences in ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid transcription.
A critical evaluation of AgNOR counting in benign naevi and malignant melanoma
Authors: Orrell J. M. , Evans A. T. , Grant A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is considerable variation in the quoted mean numbers of AgNORS per nucleus for benign melanonaevi and malignant melanomas. This is partly attributable to differnt approaches to AgNOR counting. This study summarizes our experience in devising an optimal technique for counting AgNORs. We show that it is essential to count intranucleolar AgNORs in addition to those lying outside the nucleous to obtain clear separation of naevi from melanoma. Although this seems an onerous task, we further demosnstrate that a maximum of only 30 nuclei need to be counted to obtain a mean AgNOR count per nucleus which is representative of the whole lesion. This compares with the arbitary figure of 100 nuclei chosen by most workers.Only by optimizing and standardizing all aspects of the AgNOR technique including fixation, staining, and counting will mean AgNOR counts per nucleus become a useful quick, reproducible method which can be applied to lesions which pose diagnostic problems such as borderline melanocytic lesions.
Apoptosis induced by mild hyperthermia in human and murine tumour cell lines: A study using electron microscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis
Authors: Takano Yasuo S. , Harmon Brian V. , Kerr John F. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMild hyperthermia is known to enhance apoptosis in a range of normal and neoplastic cell populations. Studies of tumours previously shown to respond to heating in this manner might be expected to provide insights not only into the mechanism of hyperthermic cell killing, but also into the apoptotic process in general. In the present study, cell death induced by 43°C heating for 30 min in two human Burkitt's lymphoma lines, BM 13674 and WW1, and in murine mastocytoma P‐815 × 2·1 was found to be exclusively apoptotic in type, identification being based on light and electron microscopic appearances and on the presence of internucleosomal cleavage of DNA into fragments that are multiples of 180–200 base pairs, which was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The heat‐induced apoptosis was prevented by the presence of zinc sulphate, an inhibitor of the endonuclease considered to be responsible for the DNA cleavage, but was not suppressed by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The findings question the validity of the widely held view that active protein synthesis is an invariable prerequisite for the execution of apoptosis. It is suggested that an inositol triphosphate‐mediated increase in cytosolic Ca2+, resulting from limited membrane damage, might be the critical event responsible for activation of apoptosis by mild hyperthermia.
Morphological evidence that A‐CAM is a major intercellular adhesion molecule in human kidney
Authors: Biddlestone L. R. , Fleming S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have used immunocytochemistry to identify the major primary adhesion molecule of the cadherin class in human kidney. In frozen sections of kidney, A‐CAM was detected using the monoclonal antibody GC 4 on the surface of renal tubular epithelial cells. Renal tubular epithelium did not express L‐CAM. No cadherin reactivity was found on the glomerular epithelial cells. Cultured renal tubular epithelium was studied by immunofluorescence and immunogold methods. A‐CAM was found at the contact points of adjacent epithelial cells, the phenotype of which was confirmed by the demonstration of cytokeratins using the antibody CAM 5.2. The A‐CAM molecule in human kidney had an Mr of 130 kD in Western blotting experiments. These results lead us to conclude that A‐CAM is the major cadherin of adult human renal epithelium.
Control of differentiation in a rectal adenocarcinoma cell line: The role of diffusable and cell‐associated factors
Authors: Buono Raffaele Del , Pignatelli Massimo , Hall Peter A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe rectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HRA‐19a1.1, was cultured in a three‐dimensional type I collagen gel and then xenografted in nu/nu mice to determine whether the in vivo environment could induce further morphological differentiation of the in vitro collagen gel cultures. Three phenotypic changes were observed. Type I collagen induces glandular differentiation in vitro in which well polarized cells are organized around a central lumen, as has been previously reported.1 Seven days after xenografting this structure in nu/nu mice, the glandular structures appeared to have ‘ballooned’ forming cyst‐like structures lined by a monolayer of flattened cells. There were no stromal cells associated with the graft at this stage, but with time stromal cells invaded the collagen. At points where these cells were closely associated with the HRA‐19 cells there was a marked phenotypic change, with the flattened lining cells seen at day 7 becoming columnar. By 21 days the stromal cells had replaced the collagen and the histology of the graft now resembled that of an adenocarcinoma. Placing this cell–collagen culture in a Millipore chamber prior to grafting resulted in cyst‐like structures only. Here we provide conclusive evidence that heterologous connective tissue cells can induce differentiation of a rectal adenocarcinoma cell line by a non‐ or poorly diffusiblc factors(s). Furthermore, we show that this cell–collagen xenograft method has certain advantages over conventional xenograft methods: notably, a consistent 100 per cent take rate; considerably fewer cells are required to form a tumour; and the time taken to form a tumour is dramatically reduced.
Detection of mRNA for ribosomal phosphoprotein P2 in normal colon and colonic tumours by In situ hybridization
Authors: Harvie R. , Elvin P. , McArdle C. , Morten J. E. N. , McNicol A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have localized the mRNA for the ribosomal phosphoprotein P2, a putative metastasis‐related sequence, in normal colon and colonic carcinomas by in situ hybridization, using an oligonucleotide probe end‐labelled with digoxigenin. The mRNA was identified in normal colonic epithelial cells, the intensity of the signal being greater in cells at the base of the crypts compared with those on the surface. A strong positive signal was also seen in plasma cells, in fibroblasts in granulation tissue, in ganglion cells, and in hepatocytes. A positive signal was identified in all 16 primary colonic tumours studied and in 7 hepatic metastases In contrast to previous studies based on Northern blot analysis, we were unable to demonstrate increased expression in metastases as compared with primary tumours, nor could we demonstrate any increased expression in primary tumours which were associated with distant metastases.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: Correlation of immunophenotype with clinicopathological features
Authors: Newman P. L. , Wadden C. , Fletcher C. D. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStromal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract remain a persistent source of controversy with regard to both their proposed lines of differentiation and the difficulty in predicting their biological behaviour. We have examined 60 cases with a panel of seven antibodies directed at the identification of smooth muscular or neural differentiation. In our hands, 36 per cent of cases showed neural differentiation (although only 6.6 per cent expressed S‐100 protein); 31 per cent appeared smooth muscular; 20 per cent manifested bidirectional differentiation; and 13 per cent were negative for all the markers used. Histological appearances do not reliably reflect immunophenotype. We have attempted to correlate immunophenotype with the site of the lesions and with their clinical behaviour. Mean follow‐up of 5 years was obtained in 42 cases. Tumours with a neural phenotype have the best prognosis. Gastric tumours expressing both desmin and smooth muscle actin (in the absence of other markers) with up to 4 mitoses per 30 HPF behave in a benign fashion. Larger studies are required to substantiate the value of immunophenotyping this complex group of tumours.
Immunohistological analysis of the immunoreactivity of normal lymphoid cells and lymphomas with the monoclonal antibody OPD4
Authors: O'Grady Jane , Blaikie Andrew J. , Howie Sarah E. , Salter Donald M. , Krajewski Andrew S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOPD4 is a recently described monoclonal antibody that recognizes a fixation‐resistant 200 kD antigen restricted to a subset of T cells. Immunolabelling with OPD4 in paraffin sections of normal lymphoid tissues and cases of malignant lymphoma was compared with that of other antibodies in common use, including the T‐cell restricted antibodies MTI and UCHL1 and the B‐cell restricted antibodies MB1, F8‐11‐13, and L26. OPD4 showed similar immunoreactivity to UCHL1 in normal tissues. OPD4 did not stain Reed‐Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. In non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, OPD4, like UCHL1, reacted with only 2/22 B‐cell lymphomas. OPD4 was, however, less useful as a marker of T‐cell lymphomas, staining only 11/32 cases, while UCHL1 stained 22/32 cases. We conclude that OPD4 is not a useful antibody for the routine diagnosis of T‐cell lymphoma.