bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustics of Breath Noises in Human Speech: Descriptive and Three-Dimensional Modeling Approaches
Authors: Werner Raphael , Fuchs Susanne , Trouvain Jürgen , Kürbis Steffen , Möbius Bernd , Birkholz Peter 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Breathing is ubiquitous in speech production, crucial for structuring speech, and a potential diagnostic indicator for respiratory diseases. However, the acoustic characteristics of speech breathing remain underresearched. This work aims to characterize the spectral properties of human inhalation noises in a large speaker sample and explore their potential similarities with speech sounds. Speech sounds are mostly realized with egressive airflow. To account for this, we investigated the effect of airflow direction (inhalation vs. exhalation) on acoustic properties of certain vocal tract (VT) configurations.

Method:
To characterize human inhalation, we describe spectra of breath noises produced by human speakers from two data sets comprising 34 female and 100 male participants. To investigate the effect of airflow direction, three-dimensional–printed VT models of a male and a female speaker with static VT configurations of four vowels and four fricatives were used. An airstream was directed through these VT configurations in both directions, and their spectral consequences were analyzed.

Results:
For human inhalations, we found spectra with a decreasing slope and several weak peaks below 3 kHz. These peaks show moderate (female) to strong (male) overlap with resonances found for participants inhaling with a VT configuration of a central vowel. Results for the VT models suggest that airflow direction is crucial for spectral properties of sibilants, /ç/, and /i:/, but not the other sounds we investigated. Inhalation noise is most similar to /ə/ where airflow direction does not play a role.

Conclusions:
Inhalation is realized on ingressive airflow, and inhalation noises have specific resonance properties that are most similar to /ə/ but occur without phonation. Airflow direction does not play a role in this specific VT configuration, but subglottal resonances may do. For future work, we suggest investigating the articulation of speech breathing and link it to current work on pause postures.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24520585
A SSSC optimal configuration method to enhance available transfer capability considering multi‐wind farm access
Authors: Chen Yanbo , Wang Deshuai , Li Jiaqi , Fan Haiwei , Li Jinsong , Luo Yadi , Li Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the context of electricity market, the heavy load of some inter‐provincial and intra‐provincial lines limits available transfer capability (ATC). As a series compensation device, static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) can reallocate the power flow of adjacent lines. In order to maximize the inter‐regional ATC, a two‐stage optimal SSSC allocation method considering the uncertainty and correlation of multi‐wind farm is proposed. Firstly, the initial wind power scenarios are generated based on latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and reduced by the improved iterative self‐organizing data analysis techniques algorithm (I‐ISODATA). Then, a multi‐objective optimization model is constructed with the maximum expected power flow transfer entropy (PFTE) and minimum expected SSSC investment cost in all typical wind power scenarios, and non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II) method is used to determine the location of SSSC. In addition, based on the reduced wind power scenarios, the ATC calculation model containing SSSC is constructed, and the modern interior point method is used to determine the control parameters and configuration capacity of SSSC. Finally, based on the improved IEEE39 and IEEE118 node systems, case study proves that the proposed model can determine the optimal SSSC configuration scheme and significantly improves the ATC.
Laboratory modeling of YSO jets collimation by a large-scale divergent interstellar magnetic field
Authors: Zemskov R. , Burdonov K. , Soloviev A. , Sladkov A. , Korzhimanov A. , Fuchs J. , Bisikalo D. , Zhilkin A. , Barkov M. , Ciardi A. , Yao W. , Glyavin M. , Morozkin M. , Proyavin M. , Luchinin A. , Chuvakin P. , Ginzburg V. , Kochetkov A. , Kuzmin A. , Shaykin A. , Shaikin I. , Perevalov S. , Kotov A. , Pikuz S. , Ryazantsev S. , Khazanov E. , Starodubtsev M. 
Published: November 2023

Context. Numerical studies as well as scaled laboratory experiments suggest that bipolar outflows arising from young stellar objects (YSOs) could be collimated into narrow and stable jets as a result of their interaction with a poloidal magnetic field. However, this magnetic collimation mechanism was demonstrated only for the simplified topology of the uniform poloidal magnetic field.
Aims. We have extended the experimental studies to the case of a plasma outflow expanding in a region of strong poloidal magnetic field and then propagating through divergent magnetic field lines. In this case the magnetic field distribution is closer to the hourglass magnetic field distribution expected near YSOs. Our aim was to find out whether (and under what conditions) magnetic collimation is possible in such a strongly nonuniform B-field configuration.
Methods. The experiments were carried out on the PEARL high-power laser facility. The laser produced plasma outflow was embedded in a strong (~10T) magnetic field generated by our unique magnetic system. The morphology and dynamics of the plasma were diagnosed with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Results. Laboratory experiments and 3D numerical modeling allow us to reveal the various stages of plasma jet formation in a divergent poloidal magnetic field. The results show (i) that there is a fundamental possibility for magnetic collimation of a plasma outflow in a divergent magnetic field; (ii) that there is good scalability of astrophysical and laboratory flows; (iii) that the conditions for the formation of a magnetic nozzle, hence collimation by poloidal magnetic field, have been met; and (iv) that the propagation of the jet proceeds unimpeded through the region of weak and strongly divergent magnetic fields, maintaining a high aspect ratio.
Conclusions. Since we have verified that the laboratory plasma scales favorably to YSO jets and outflows, our laboratory modeling hints at the possibility of the YSO jet collimation in a divergent poloidal magnetic field.
The BINGO Project
Authors: dos Santos Marcelo V. , Landim Ricardo G. , Hoerning Gabriel A. , Abdalla Filipe B. , Queiroz Amilcar , Abdalla Elcio , Wuensche Carlos A. , Wang Bin , Barosi Luciano , Villela Thyrso , Marins Alessandro , Feng Chang , Gurjão Edmar , Novaes Camila P. , Santos Larissa C. O. , Santos João R.L. , Zhang Jiajun , Liccardo Vincenzo , Zhang Xue , Sang Yu , Vieira Frederico , Motta Pablo 
Published: November 2023

Context. The Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) radio telescope will use the neutral hydrogen emission line to map the Universe in the redshift range 0.127 ≤z≤ 0.449, with the main goal of probing BAO. In addition, the instrument’s optical design and hardware configuration support the search for fast radio bursts (FRBs).Aims. In this work, we propose the use of a BINGO Interferometry System (BIS) including new auxiliary, smaller radio telescopes (hereafter outriggers). The interferometric approach makes it possible to pinpoint the FRB sources in the sky. We present the results of several BIS configurations combining BINGO horns with and without mirrors (4 m, 5 m, and 6 m) and five, seven, nine, or ten for single horns.Methods. We developed a new Python package, the <mono>FRBlip</mono>, which generates mock catalogs of synthetic FRB and computes, based on a telescope model, the observed signal-to-noise ratio, which we use to numerically compute the detection rates of the telescopes and how many interferometry pairs of telescopes (baselines) can observe an FRB. The FRBs observed by more than one baseline are the ones whose location can be determined. We thus evaluated the performance of BIS regarding FRB localization.Results. We found that BIS would be able to localize 23 FRBs yearly with single horn outriggers in the best configuration (using ten outriggers of 6-m mirrors), with redshiftz≤ 0.96. The full localization capability depends on the number and type of the outriggers. Wider beams are best for pinpointing FRB sources because potential candidates will be observed by more baselines, while narrow beams search deep in redshift.Conclusions. The BIS can be a powerful extension of the BINGO telescope, dedicated to observe hundreds of FRBs during Phase 1. Many of FRBs will be well localized with a single horn and a 6-m dish as outriggers.
Radio-continuum spectra of ram-pressure-stripped galaxies in the Coma Cluster
Authors: Roberts I. D. , van Weeren R. J. , Lal D. V. , Sun M. , Chen H. , Ignesti A. , Brüggen M. , Lyskova N. , Venturi T. , Yagi M. 
Published: November 2023

Context. The population of galaxies in the local Universe is bi-modal in terms of the specific star formation rate. This fact has led to a broad distinction between star-forming galaxies (typically cold-gas-rich and late-type) and quenched galaxies (typically cold-gas-poor and early-type). The ratio between quenched and star-forming galaxies is much higher in clusters than the field, and pinpointing which are the physical processes driving this excess quenching in clusters is an open question.
Aims. We used the nearby Coma Cluster as a laboratory to probe the impact of ram pressure on star formation as well as to constrain the characteristic timescales and velocities for the stripping of the non-thermal interstellar medium.
Methods. We used high-resolution (6.5" ≈ 3 kpc), multi-frequency (144 MHz – 1.5 GHz) radio continuum imaging of the Coma Cluster to resolve the low-frequency radio spectrum across the discs and tails of 25 ram-pressure-stripped galaxies. With resolved spectral index maps across these galaxy discs, we constrained the impact of ram pressure perturbations on galaxy star formation. We measured multi-frequency flux-density profiles along each of the ram-pressure-stripped tails in our sample. We then fitted the resulting radio continuum spectra with a simple synchrotron ageing model.
Results. We show that ram-pressure-stripped tails in Coma have steep spectral indices (−2 ≲ α ≲ −1). The discs of galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping have integrated spectral indices within the expected range for shock acceleration from supernovae (−0.8 ≲ α ≲ −0.5), though there is a tail towards flatter values. In a resolved sense, there are gradients in the spectral index across the discs of ram-pressure-stripped galaxies in Coma. These gradients are aligned with the direction of the observed radio tails, with the flattest spectral indices being found on the ‘leading half’. From best-fit break frequencies, we estimate the projected plasma velocities along the tail to be of the order of hundreds of kilometres per second, with the precise magnitude depending on the assumed magnetic field strength.
Ultrasound assessment of brain supplying arteries (extracranial)
Authors: Gröschel Klaus , Harrer Judith U. , Schminke Ulf , Stegemann Emilia , Allendörfer Jens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUltrasonography of the brain-supplying arteries is a non-invasive and highly efficient technique for the assessment of a stenosis or a vessel occlusion in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. This article reviews the examination technique for a standardized ultrasound assessment of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries. It further describes the multiparametric grading criteria of internal carotid artery stenosis and it gives recommendations for a standardised documentation of findings. Additionally, it proposes recommendations for intima-media thickness measurement and for classifying atherosclerotic plaques with B-mode ultrasonography. Moreover, criteria for the diagnosis of in-stent stenoses, vertebral artery dissections and subclavian steal syndrome are provided.
Randomisierter Vergleich unterschiedlicher Exit-Strategien bei der Hydrozelenresektion
Authors: Filmar Simon , Gross Andreas , Netsch Christopher , Rosenbaum Clemens , Becker Benedikt 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Die adulte Hydrozele stellt eine gutartige Vergrößerung des Skrotums dar, die bei ungefähr 60/100.000 Männer älter als 18 Jahren beobachtet werden kann. Für die Behandlung von symptomatischen Hydrozelen hat sich die operative Resektion der Hydrozele als Goldstandard etabliert. Postoperative Komplikationen sind bei dieser Operation häufig. Aufgrund fehlender Leitlinien für die Therapie der Hydrozele, erfolgt die Behandlung vor allem nach klinischer Erfahrung. Ziel der Untersuchung war eine randomisierte Studie zum Einfluss von Drainagen auf Komplikationen bei der Hydrozelenresektion nach von Bergmann durchzuführen.

Material und Methoden Insgesamt wurden 60 Patienten prospektiv in 3 Gruppen randomisiert. Jeweils erhielten die Gruppen entweder eine Easy-Flow-Drainage, eine Cuti-Med-Sorbact-Drainage oder keine Drainage. Als Komplikationen wurde Hämatom und Schwellung, Nachblutung, Infektion, Nebenhodenverletzung sowie Revisionsoperation klinisch diagnostiziert.

Ergebnisse Bei 31,6% (n=19/60) aller Patienten konnte eine Komplikation beobachtet werden. Bei der Easy-Flow-Drainage wurde bei 50% (n=10/20), bei der Cuti-Med-Sorbact 30% (n=6/20) und bei der Gruppe ohne Drainage 15% (n=3/20). Insgesamt wurde am häufigsten ein Hämatom mit Schwellung in 20% (n=12/60) der Fälle beobachtet. In 5% (n=3/60) der Fälle kam es zur einer Revisionsoperation. Histologisch zeigten sich 10% (n=6/60) Nebenhodenverletzungen. Im Vergleich des Kollektivs der Easy-Flow-Drainage mit dem Kollektiv ohne Drainage, konnte das Auftreten von Komplikationen (p<0,018) signifikant häufiger bei der Drainagegruppe beobachtet werden. Eine statisch signifikante Korrelation bezüglich Komplikationen zwischen der Gruppe des Cuti-Med-Sorbacts sowie keiner Drainage konnte nicht gezeigt werden (p<0,25).

Schlussfolgerungen Die Hydrozelenresektion ist ein komplikationsreicher Eingriff. Anhand der hier gezeigten Daten ist die Einlage einer Drainage mit einem erhöhten Risiko einer postoperativen Komplikation assoziiert. Die Easy-Flow-Drainage scheint keine geeignete Drainage für die Hydrozelenresektion zu sein. Soll intraoperativ eine Drainage eingelegt werden, kann die Cuti-Med-Sorbact-Drainage eine gute Alternative darstellen.
Parenteral Iron Therapy: Examining Current Evidence for Use in
Athletes
Authors: Fensham Nikita , McKay Alannah Kelly Anne , Sim Marc , Peeling Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA high prevalence of iron deficiency exists in athlete populations. Various
mechanisms, including increased losses through sweat, haemolysis, haematuria,
and gastrointestinal micro-ischemia; inadequate dietary intake; and transient
exercise-induced increases in the regulatory hormone, hepcidin, contribute to
the increased prevalence in athletes. Indeed, hepcidin has been shown to peak
around 3–6 hours post-exercise, limiting iron absorption from
the gut. As the practitioner’s ability to control losses is limited, the
key to treatment of iron deficiency in athletes is optimal timing of dietary and
oral iron supplementation around these periods of reduced gut absorption. While
timing and dosing schedule strategies might be sufficient to treat iron
deficiency non-anaemia, the significant lag to impact iron status is relatively
long. Therefore, in iron deficiency anaemia, the use of parenteral iron has the
benefit of rapid repletion of iron stores and normalisation of haemoglobin
status, while bypassing the action of hepcidin at the gut. Furthermore, newer
intravenous formulations can be administered as a single total dose over
15–60 min and have a similar safety profile to oral treatment.
This review discusses the existing evidence for parenteral iron use in athletes
and the unique context for consideration when choosing the parenteral route in
this population.
Diphenyl-tetrazol-propanamide Derivatives Act as Dual-Specific Antagonists of Platelet CLEC-2 and Glycoprotein VI
Authors: Watanabe Nobuo , Shinozaki Yoshiko , Ogiwara Sanae , Miyagasako Riko , Sasaki Ayumi , Kato Junko , Suzuki Yusuke , Fukunishi Natsuko , Okada Yoshinori , Saito Takeshi , Iida Yumi , Higashiseto Misaki , Masuda Haruchika , Nagata Eiichiro , Gotoh Kazuhito , Amino Mari , Tsuji Tomoatsu , Morita Seiji , Nakagawa Yoshihide , Hirayama Noriaki , Inokuchi Sadaki 
Published: November 2023

Background Platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) induces platelet activation and aggregation after clustering by its ligand podoplanin (PDPN). PDPN, which is not normally expressed in cells in contact with blood flow, is induced in inflammatory immune cells and some malignant tumor cells, thereby increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and tumor metastasis. Therefore, small-molecule compounds that can interfere with the PDPN–CLEC-2 axis have the potential to become selective antiplatelet agents.
Methods and Results Using molecular docking analysis of CLEC-2 and a PDPN–CLEC-2 binding-inhibition assay, we identified a group of diphenyl-tetrazol-propanamide derivatives as novel CLEC-2 inhibitors. A total of 12 hit compounds also inhibited PDPN-induced platelet aggregation in humans and mice. Unexpectedly, these compounds also fit the collagen-binding pocket of the glycoprotein VI molecule, thereby inhibiting collagen interaction. These compounds also inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and one compound ameliorated collagen-induced thrombocytopenia in mice. For clinical use, these compounds will require a degree of chemical modification to decrease albumin binding.
Conclusion Nonetheless, as dual activation of platelets by collagen and PDPN-positive cells is expected to occur after the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, these dual antagonists could represent a promising pharmacophore, particularly for arterial thrombosis, in addition to VTE and metastasis.
An Investigation into the Fast-Food Consumption Habits of Public Health and Nursing Students at the University of Sunderland in London, UK
Authors: Parvin Sauda , Kabir Russell , Parsa Ali Davod , Sivasubramanian Madhini 
Published: November 2023

Background It is generally believed that university students may consume nutritionally deprived foods, which can lead to weight gain and long-term health complications.
Aims This research aims to illustrate the fast-food consumption pattern of nursing and public health students at the University of Sunderland in London, United Kingdom.
Methods This cross-sectional study involved 235 nursing and public health students. The survey included a validated questionnaire, which provided insights into the general characteristics of the participants, their fast-food consumption patterns, reasons for fast-food consumption, and knowledge about fast food. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21, chi-squared tests conducted to determine the significance of the relationships between different variables. Odds ratio (OR) was utilized to assess the association between two variables.
Results About 50.6% of the students were aged between 20 and 29 years, and 77.4% patients were female, 46.8% single, and 31.1% unemployed. About 26.4% of the students were overweight, and 14.5% were obese. Fast-food consumption occurred during lunchtime (48.1%), followed by evening (37.0%). OR for fast-food enjoyment decreased significantly with age (from 0.54 for the age group 30–39 years old to only 0.13 in the age group 50–59). Married individuals were less likely to enjoy fast food than single nurses (OR = 0.54). Body mass index (BMI) was positively and significantly associated with fast-food enjoyment, with the OR increasing significantly with increasing BMI (from 5.9 for the BMI 18–24 kg/m2 up to 11.6 for BMI above 30 kg/m2). Females were more likely to enjoy the taste of fast food than males (48.4 vs. 32.1%). Males were more likely to favor fast food than females due to lack of cooking skills (7.5 vs. 1.6%), to save time (47.2 vs. 30.2%), and to fulfill their basic needs (26.4 vs. 11%). About 96.2% of females and 92.5% of males acknowledged that excessive consumption of fast food could lead to health problems.
Conclusion Fast-food consumption exhibited variability among university students, with females being more inclined toward the taste and males toward convenience. Age exhibited a negative association, while BMI displayed a positive association with fast-food enjoyment. Both genders acknowledged that excessive consumption of fast food could lead to health issues.
Rotational Thromboelastometry Reduces Fresh Frozen Plasma Requirement in Patients without Liver Disease Undergoing Therapeutic Endoscopic Procedures with Deranged Screening Coagulation Tests—A Pilot Study
Authors: Bharadwaj P. Krishna , Simon Ebby George , Dave Rutvi G. , Geevar Tulasi , Nair Sukesh C. , Abraham Aby , Joseph A. J. , Dutta Amit Kumar , Chowdhury Sudipta Dhar , Jaleel Rajeeb , John Anoop , Thomas Ajith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background/Aims Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a viscoelastic test that is used in patients with liver disease for guiding blood component use. This study is aimed at comparing the amount of blood products transfused and bleeding rates in patients without liver disease, who underwent therapeutic endoscopic procedures with deranged screening coagulation tests (prothrombin time [PT]; activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]), with and without hypocoagulable ROTEM.
Methods Patients with deranged PT and aPTT without liver disease who underwent therapeutic endoscopic interventions during the period 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline parameters, amount of blood products transfused, and outcomes such as 30-day bleeding and mortality rates were recorded in those with and without hypocoagulable ROTEM.
Results Of the 204 patients with deranged PT/aPTT who underwent therapeutic endoscopy during the study period, 180 of those with liver disease were excluded. Six patients (M:F = 5:1; median age: 37, 20–54 years) had hypocoagulable ROTEM and 18 patients (M:F = 11:7; median age: 56, 20–71 years) had normo-/hypercoagulable ROTEM. There were significant differences in the total amount of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfused and FFP transfused per patient between the two groups (9,000 vs. 4,500 mL and 2,000 vs. 1,000 mL; p = 0.04, respectively). Two patients with hypocoagulable ROTEM bled within 30 days, while none did in the comparator group (p = 0.03). One patient in the hypocoagulable group died within 30 days and none in the normo-/hypercoagulable group.
Conclusion The use of ROTEM reduces FFP requirement in patients without liver disease with deranged PT/aPTT undergoing therapeutic endoscopic procedures without any increased risk of early or late rebleeding, and 30-day mortality.
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Yeoh Teri Danielle You Ying , Nga Vincent , Kimpo Miriam , Lo Simon S. , Vellayappan Balamurugan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntracranial germ cell tumors are rare tumors occurring in adolescents and young adults, which include germinomas and non-germinomatous type germ cell tumors (NGGCT). In the past few decades, cooperative trial groups in Europe and North America have developed successful strategies to improve survival outcomes and decrease treatment-related toxicities. New approaches to establishing diagnosis have deferred the need for radical surgery. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) is above 90% and even patients who present with metastatic germinoma can still be cured with chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation. The combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy is tailored to patients based on grouping and staging. For NGGCT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by delayed surgery for residual disease and radiotherapy can yield a 5-year EFS of 70%. Further strategies should focus on reducing long-term complications while preserving high cure rates.