bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of collimator angle combined island blocking with parked gap achieves superior normal tissue sparing in SBRT planning of multiple liver lesions
Authors: Abuduxiku Maidina , Chen Xiaoqiang , Zhang Shu , Yang Jiangping , Liao Wenjun , Xiao Jianghong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo propose an efficient collimator angle optimization method by combining island blocking (IB) and parked gap (PG) problem to reduce the radiotherapy dose for normal tissue. The reduction will be done with single‐isocenter multi‐lesion volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for the stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of liver cancer.MethodsA novel collimator angle optimization algorithm was developed based on the two‐dimensional projection of targets on a beam's eye view (BEV) plane as a function of gantry and collimator angle. This optimization algorithm minimized the sum of the combined IB and PG (IB & PG) areas from all gantry angles for each arc. For comparison, two SBRT plans were respectively generated for each of the 20 retrospective liver cancer cases with multiple lesions. One plan was optimized using the IB & PG algorithm, and the other plan was optimized with a previously reported optimization algorithm that only considered the IB area. Plans were then evaluated and compared using typical dosimetric metrics.ResultsWith the comparable target coverage, IB & PG plans had significantly lower D500cc, D700cc, mean dose (Dmean), and V15 of normal liver tissues when compared to IB plans. The median percent reductions were 3.32% to 5.36%. The D1cc, D5cc, and Dmean for duodenum and small intestine in IB & PG plans were significantly reduced in a range from 7.60% up to 16.03%. Similarly, the median integral dose was reduced by 3.73%. Furthermore, the percentage of normal liver Dmean sparing when IB & PG plans compared to IB plans, was found to be positively correlated (ρ = 0.669, P = 0.001) with the inter‐target distance.ConclusionThe proposed IB & PG algorithm has been demonstrated to outperform the IB algorithm in almost all normal tissue sparing, and the magnitude of liver sparing was positively correlated with inter‐target distance.
Nanoengineering Calcium Peroxide‐Based Site‐Specific Delivery Platform to Efficiently Activate the cGAS‐STING Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy by Amplified Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Tian Hailong , Qin Siyuan , Gao Yajie , Zhang Xiaoyue , Nice Edouard C. , Du Zhongyan , Huang Canhua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Currently, the understanding of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway's involvement in efficient immunotherapy mainly revolves around the role of mitochondria or nucleus modulation. Nonetheless, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in activating the cGAS‐STING mechanism to boost immunity against tumors remains essentially unexplored. Herein, novel findings demonstrating that ER stress can be used as a strategy for stimulating the cGAS‐STING pathway, thereby augmenting the immune response against cancer, are presented. To accomplish this objective, ER‐targeting p‐methylbenzene sulfonamide‐tailored IR780 (p‐780) is synthesized and it is loaded into CaO2 nanoparticles, which are further functionalized with distearoyl phosphoethanolamine‐polyethylene glycol（DSPE‐PEG）‐biotin to form PEG/CaO2@p‐780 NPs. The disruption of calcium homeostasis, coupled with the heightened levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by p‐780, along with hyperpyrexia, collectively contributes to the amplification of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This cascade of events effectively triggers the cGAS‐STING pathway and, in parallel, facilitates the degradation of the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) protein. In addition, oxygen released through CaO2 decomposition is expected to promote p‐780–mediated phototherapy, while reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment associated with hypoxia. Furthermore, DSPE‐PEG‐biotin facilitates tumor site‐specific drug delivery through active targeting mediated by the biotin receptor. Collectively, PEG/CaO2@p‐780 nanoparticles successfully activate systemic antitumor immunity by enhancing ER stress.
Piezoelectric Properties of BiFeO3 Exposed to High Temperatures
Authors: Liu Lisha , Yi Jiaojiao , Tang Mingmeng , Cui Yongbao , Khansur Neamul H. , Webber Kyle G. , Zhu Fangyuan , Li Xiaolong , Wang Ke , Rojac Tadej , Daniels John , Damjanovic Dragan , Wang Shidong , Wang Yaojin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiFeO3 is a ferroelectric with a Curie temperature of 830 °C, however, its piezoelectric performance at high temperature remains unclear. The current work reveals a disappearance/recovery of piezoelectricity in BiFeO3 at elevated temperature and upon cooling. In particular, that temperature is strongly frequency‐dependent and ranges from 280 to 430 °C between 0.5 and 140 Hz, respectively. Meanwhile, in situ and ex situ X‐ray diffraction and piezoresponse microscope analysis demonstrate thermally‐resistant domain texture to temperatures as high as 750 °C. This demonstrates that the piezoelectricity of BiFeO3 is strongly influenced by its resistance/conductance variations due to charge carrier motion limiting the operational frequency. The investigation enhances the understanding of BiFeO3 complex piezoelectric behavior at various temperatures, offering insights into its potential applications.
Engineering Dual‐Responsive Prodrug‐MOFs as Immunogenic Cell Death Initiator for Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Xiaochun , Li Ruihao , Liu Jie , Fang Kang , Dong Chunyan , Shi Shuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the anticancer effects of disulfiram, a clinical drug for anti‐alcoholism, are confirmed. However, several defects limit the clinical translation of disulfiram obviously, such as Cu(II)‐dependent anticancer activity, instability, and non‐selectivity for cancer cells. Herein, a phosphate and hydrogen peroxide dual‐responsive nanoplatform (PCu‐HA‐DQ) is reported, which is constructed by encapsulating disulfiram prodrug (DQ) and modifying hyaluronic acid (HA) on copper doping metal–organic frameworks (PCu MOFs). PCu‐HA‐DQ is expected to accumulate in tumor by targeting CD‐44 receptors and enable guidance with magnetic resonance imaging. Inside the tumor, Cu(DTC)2 will be generated in situ based on a dual‐responsive reaction. In detail, the high concentration of phosphate can induce the release of DQ, after that, the intracellular hydrogen peroxide will further mediate the generation of Cu(DTC)2. In vitro and in vivo results indicate PCu‐HA‐DQ can induce the apoptosis as well as immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells distinctly, leading to enhanced immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy by combining the anti‐programmed death‐1 antibody. This work provides a portable strategy to construct a dual‐responsive nanoplatform integrating tumor‐targeted ability and multi‐therapy, and the designed nanoplatform is also an ICD inducer, which presents a prospect for boosting systemic antitumor immunity and ICI efficacy.
Highly Active Frozen Nanovesicles Microneedles for Senile Wound Healing via Antibacteria, Immunotherapy, and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Lin Sihan , Chen Hongyan , Yang Guangzheng , Zhou Mingliang , Liu Yili , Li Anshuo , Yin Shi , Jiang Xinquan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSenile wound healing risks a variety of health complications and makes both economic and psychological burdens on patients greatly. Poor activity of aged dermal fibroblasts (A‐FBs) and local disordered immunoreaction in the deep dermis contribute to delayed wound healing. Therefore, the locally complex microenvironment in deep requires additional processing. Herein, a novel double‐layer hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microneedle patch (MNP) coated by young fibroblast‐derived exosomes (Y‐EXOs) (Y‐EXOs@HAMA/PVA MNP) is presented for deep drug delivery, aged wound healing and immunoregulation. A spraying and freeze‐drying method is applied for keeping the bioactivity of the nanovesicles. An ideal loading of Y‐EXOs and enhanced strength for penetration have realized after circulation for times. The Y‐EXOs@HAMA/PVA MNP shows an excellent influence on delayed wound healing of aged skin with active A‐FBs, more deposition of collagen and less production of IL‐17A compared with application of aged fibroblast‐derived exosomes (A‐EXOs). Moreover, the content microRNAs in Y‐EXOs and A‐EXOs are sequenced for further study. This study initiatively demonstrates that Y‐EXOs have effective function on both anti‐aging and anti‐inflammation and Y‐EXOs@HAMA/PVA MNP is expected as a novel strategy for deep drug delivery for promoting hard wound healing in aged skin in future clinical application.
Optimizing the Crystallinity of a ZrO2 Thin Film Insulator for InGaZnO‐Based Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Capacitors
Authors: Nam Minkyeong , Lee Seungwoo , Jeong Hanseok , Yoon Ara , Park Jin‐Seong , Jeon Woojin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe utilization of a zirconium oxide (ZrO2) thin film as the insulator in a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitor to enhance the characteristics of thin‐film transistors is investigated. Although the high crystallinity of ZrO2 is favorable to achieving higher capacitance density in metal–insulator–metal capacitors with ZrO2 thin films, it decreases the capacitance with increasing applied bias in Mo/ZrO2/InGaZnO (IGZO)‐structured MIS capacitors. Through comprehensive physical, chemical, and electrical characterizations, this study investigated the mechanism underlying the decreasing capacitance with increasing the applied bias in the accumulation state of the Mo/ZrO2/IGZO‐structured MIS capacitor depending on the crystallinity of ZrO2. Furthermore, the investigation identifies the optimal crystal structure of ZrO2 thin films for IGZO‐based MIS capacitors, highlighting the importance of forming meso‐crystalline structures in high dielectric constant (k) materials to enhance the k value and mitigating the decrease in capacitance caused by the accumulated carrier loss through grain boundaries of ZrO2.
A Three‐Component Domino Reaction Enabled by Phase‐Transfer Catalysis for the Assembly of 3‐Thioquinoline‐2,5‐Diones
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhu Tian‐Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA three‐component phase‐transfer catalytic domino reaction involving cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione‐derived enaminones, 5‐alkenyl rhodanines, and haloalkanes has been developed. This protocol produces a wide range of 3‐thioquinoline‐2,5‐diones in yields of 52–81%. The construction of a C−S bond at the C‐3 position of the quinoline‐2,5‐dione framework expands its structural diversity. Studies into the reaction mechanism revealed that the reaction undergoes a conjugate addition, ammonolysis, elimination, and nucleophilic substitution sequence. The synthetic potential of the reaction was demonstrated by the gram‐scale syntheses of representative products. Chloroalkyl chains were installed on the sulfur atoms of most products obtained in this reaction. Diversified product derivatives were obtained by exploiting the favorable leaving nature of the chloride moiety.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Amination of Chloro(hetero)aryl Triflates Enabled by Alkyl‐Pyrazole‐Based Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Gu Changxue , Yuen On Ying , Ng Shan Shan , So Chau Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study describes the palladium‐catalyzed chemoselective amination of chloro(hetero)aryl triflates in the C−Cl bond for the first time. A newly designed and synthesized alkyl‐pyrazole‐based phosphine ligand, L26 (BirdPhos), which is featured with the pyrazole ligand core and the cyclohexyl group at the C3 and C5 positions, was key to the success of this reaction. A variety of chloro(hetero)aryl triflates coupled with aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic amines smoothly afforded the corresponding products up to 97% yields with general chemoselectivity (>99%) in the C−Cl bond. Drug analogs were also synthesized via the chemoselective intermolecular amination. This study attempts to investigate the structure‐activity relationship of this new class of ligand through experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Multiscale Investigation of Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Analytical Techniques and Applications
Authors: Schäfer David , Hankins Kie , Allion Michelle , Krewer Ulrike , Karcher Franziska , Derr Laurin , Schuster Rolf , Maibach Julia , Mück Stefan , Kramer Dominik , Mönig Reiner , Jeschull Fabian , Daboss Sven , Philipp Tom , Neusser Gregor , Romer Jan , Palanisamy Krishnaveni , Kranz Christine , Buchner Florian , Behm R. Jürgen , Ahmadian Ali , Kübel Christian , Mohammad Irshad , Samoson Ago , Witter Raiker , Smarsly Bernd , Rohnke Marcus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe anode/electrolyte interface behavior, and by extension, the overall cell performance of sodium‐ion batteries is determined by a complex interaction of processes that occur at all components of the electrochemical cell across a wide range of size‐ and timescales. Single‐scale studies may provide incomplete insights, as they cannot capture the full picture of this complex and intertwined behavior. Broad, multiscale studies are essential to elucidate these processes. Within this perspectives article, several analytical and theoretical techniques are introduced, and described how they can be combined to provide a more complete and comprehensive understanding of sodium‐ion battery (SIB) performance throughout its lifetime, with a special focus on the interfaces of hard carbon anodes. These methods target various length‐ and time scales, ranging from micro to nano, from cell level to atomistic structures, and account for a broad spectrum of physical and (electro)chemical characteristics. Specifically, how mass spectrometric, microscopic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, thermodynamic, and physical methods can be employed to obtain the various types of information required to understand battery behavior will be explored. Ways are then discussed how these methods can be coupled together in order to elucidate the multiscale phenomena at the anode interface and develop a holistic understanding of their relationship to overall sodium‐ion battery function.
Anion‐Stabilized Precursor Inks Toward Efficient and Reproducible Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tian Chuanming , Wu Tianhao , Zhao Yu , Zhou Xinliang , Li Bin , Han Xuefei , Li Kerui , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the outperforming power conversion efficiency of low‐temperature and solution‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) realized over the past decades, the undesirable stability from precursor inks to resultant devices and harsh preparation requirements still restrain their industrial production and practical deployment. Herein, an anion stabilization strategy is developed to achieve the comprehensive durability of perovskite photovoltaics throughout the whole two‐step air‐processed procedure. The effect of interionic bonding strengths on the ink properties, film crystallization, and photovoltaic performances is in‐depth explored and revealed. The pseudohalide bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ions (TFSI−) not only improve the dispersion and stabilities of lead polyhalides and organic salt inks via strong electron‐withdrawing/donating chemical sites, but also realize high composition uniformity and preferential crystal growth of subsequent deposited perovskite layers by tuning the precursor reactivity and surface absorption. Ultimately, the optimizing PSCs deliver a superior efficiency of 24.16%, accompanied by notably improved long‐term stability toward extreme environmental and mechanical stimuli with lead leakage suppression. This work opens up a promising avenue toward reproducible air preparation of highly efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly perovskite optoelectronic devices via precise modulation of precursor properties.
Challenges and Strategies on Interphasial Regulation for Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Geng Xin , Hou Xu , He Xin , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe practical application of aqueous rechargeable batteries faces several challenges due to the limited stability window of electrolytes and parasitic side reactions, such as corrosion, passivation, gas evolution, and co‐intercalations. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed at the electrode/electrolyte interface plays a critical role in determining interfacial properties and battery performance. Efforts are being made to develop effective SEIs, functionalize interphase layers, and explore various aqueous hybrid electrolytes that facilitate SEI formation. This review highlights the role of interphasial structures in aqueous batteries. First, common issues encountered by aqueous batteries and specific characteristics of aqueous lithium‐ion, sodium‐ion, zinc‐ion, and aluminum‐ion batteries are outlined. Then the tactics used to improve cycle stability of aqueous batteries are introduced and compared and the working principles and key parameters from the context of interphasial modification are discussed. Finally, constructive insights and suggestions for developing high‐performance batteries are offered, with a focus on SEI formation and interphase layer design.
Supramolecular liquid crystals from the dimer of L‐shaped molecules with tertiary amide end groups
Authors: Sawatari Yuki , Shimomura Yoshimichi , Takeuchi Masato , Iwai Riki , Tanaka Takuya , Tsurumaki Eiji , Tokita Masatoshi , Watanabe Junji , Konishi Gen‐ichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSupramolecular liquid crystals (SLCs) are attractive materials for fabricating devices with new optoelectronic functions. Conventional SLCs are made from hydrogen‐bonded mesogens. However, these mesogens suffer from high melting points, and the types of formable aggregates are limited owing to the directionality of the hydrogen bonding. Therefore, to fabricate non‐hydrogen‐bonded SLCs, we hypothesized that the introduction of tertiary amide groups into calamitic molecules would be advantageous because they have an L‐shaped structure with N‐ or C‐alkyl side chains not aligned along the long axis and the flexibility to undergo cis–trans isomerization. In this study, we developed a novel non‐hydrogen‐bonded SLC by assembling an L‐shaped dimer composed of calamitic molecules (phenyltolanes) with tertiary amides at their ends. These molecules exhibited a smectic B phase. The phase transition temperature of the SLCs from crystal to liquid crystal phase was low despite the long π‐conjugated core. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and variable‐temperature Fourier‐transform infrared measurements revealed dimer formation by weak intermolecular interactions, that is, the molecular recognition of L‐shaped molecules, and mobility of the alkyl groups attached to amide driven by cis–trans isomerization in the liquid crystal phase. Thus, cis–trans isomerization of tertiary amides contributed enormously to the formation and lower clearing points of this SLC. The developed method can be used not only to develop non‐hydrogen‐bonded SLCs but also to develop novel soft matter with controlled properties by incorporating the SLCs, as the aggregates can be controlled to impart desired functionalities.
Photocatalytic Electrocyclization for the Synthesis of Dihydrophenanthrenes
Authors: Singh Saumya , Kant Ruchir , Tripathi Chandra Bhushan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA visible light induced electrocyclization for synthesizing dihydrophenathrenes is reported. The readily available organic photocatalyst 4‐CzIPN enables α‐addition to enones in good yield (up to 95 %). This 6π‐electrocyclization is proposed to proceed through a photosensitization pathway and it avoids the use of high energy UV light.
Synthetic Biology‐based Construction of Unnatural Perylenequinones with Improved Photodynamic Anticancer Activities
Authors: Su Zengping , Guo Baodang , Xu Huibin , Yuan Zhenbo , Liu Huiling , Guo Tao , Deng Zhiwei , Zhang Yan , Yin Dejing , Liu Changmei , Chen Jian‐huan , Rao Yijian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe construction of structural complexity and diversity of natural products is crucial for drug discovery and development. To overcome high dark toxicity and poor photostability of natural photosensitizer perylenequinones (PQs) for photodynamic therapy, herein, we aim to introduce the structural complexity and diversity to biosynthesize the desired unnatural PQs in fungus Cercospora through synthetic biology‐based strategy. Thus, we first elucidate the intricate biosynthetic pathways of class B PQs and reveal how the branching enzymes create their structural complexity and diversity from a common ancestor. This enables the rational reprogramming of cercosporin biosynthetic pathway in Cercospora to generate diverse unnatural PQs without chemical modification. Among them, unnatural cercosporin A displays remarkably low dark toxicity and high photostability with retention of great photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Moreover, it is found that, unlike cercosporin, unnatural cercosporin A could be selectively accumulated in cancer cells, providing potential targets for drug development. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive foundation for preparing unnatural products with customized functions through synthetic biology‐based strategies, thus facilitating drug discovery pipelines from nature.
Constraints onBose–Einsteincondensate stars as neutron stars models from new observational data
Authors: Rodríguez Concepción Adriel E. , Quintero Angulo Gretel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe evaluate the feasibility of Bose–Einstein condensate stars (BECS) as models for the interior of neutron stars (NSs). BECS are compact objects composed of bosons, formed through the spin‐parallel pairing of neutrons. Here, we utilize the astronomical data from GW170817, XMMU J173203.3‐344518 (the lightest NS known), and a novel lower limit on NS core heat capacity to scrutinize the compatibility of BECS with these recent observations of NSs. Our specific focus is to constrain the values of the scattering length , parameter determining the strength of particle interactions in the model. Our analysis suggests that if the stars involved in GW170817 were BECSs, the scattering length of their constituent bosons should fall within the to fm range. Additionally, at a scattering length of fm, stars with mass and radius characteristics akin to XMMU J173203.3‐344518 are identified. Moreover, we find that the heat capacity depends on the mass and temperature of BECS, and surpasses the established lower bound for NS cores when fm. In summary, our results endorse BECS models with fm, providing NS observables in agreement with diverse observations and contributing to the understanding of NS interiors.
Do impact investors live up to their promise? A systematic literature review on (im)proving investments' impacts
Authors: Roor Annebeth , Maas Karen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImpact investing holds the promise to make the world a better place. However, when investors measure their impact only to prove it—without improving—it cannot be expected they will live up to this promise. This systematic literature reviews a sample of 141 academic articles on impact measurement of investments. The results show that measuring impact to prove and to improve is a distinct practice. Measuring to prove impact mainly relates to show accountability to stakeholders and relates to legitimacy, stakeholder and agency theory. Measuring to improve relates to investors understanding impact, acting on envisioned impact in decision‐making, and relates to decision‐making, performance measurement and organisational theory. Investors can improve impacts by integrating impact information throughout an integrated investment process. Although several authors mention improving impact, they provide limited guidance on this. Future research is needed on operationalising impact throughout the investment process, as a practice to improve investments' impact.