bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A C2H2‐type zinc finger protein ZAT12 of Poncirus trifoliata acts downstream of CBF1 to regulate cold tolerance
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xiao Wei , Wang Min , Khan Madiha , Liu Ji‐Hong 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYThe Cys2/His2 (C2H2)‐type zinc finger family has been reported to regulate multiple aspects of plant development and abiotic stress response. However, the role of C2H2‐type zinc finger proteins in cold tolerance remains largely unclear. Through RNA‐sequence analysis, a cold‐responsive zinc finger protein, named as PtrZAT12, was identified and isolated from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.), a cold‐hardy plant closely related to citrus. Furthermore, we found that PtrZAT12 was markedly induced by various abiotic stresses, especially cold stress. PtrZAT12 is a nuclear protein, and physiological analysis suggests that overexpression of PtrZAT12 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants, while knockdown of PtrZAT12 by virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the cold sensitivity of trifoliate orange and repressed expression of genes involved in stress tolerance. The promoter of PtrZAT12 harbors a DRE/CRT cis‐acting element, which was verified to be specifically bound by PtrCBF1 (Poncirus trifoliata C‐repeat BINDING FACTOR1). VIGS‐mediated silencing of PtrCBF1 reduced the relative expression levels of PtrZAT12 and decreased the cold resistance of trifoliate orange. Based on these results, we propose that PtrZAT12 is a direct target of CBF1 and plays a positive role in modulation of cold stress tolerance. The knowledge gains new insight into a regulatory module composed of CBF1‐ZAT12 in response to cold stress and advances our understanding of cold stress response in plants.
New plasma protein C and protein S concentrate: A synergy for therapeutic purposes
Authors: Mori Filippo , Angelini Cristina , Farina Claudio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDeficiencies of protein C (PC) or protein S (PS) are rare diseases, characterized by mutations in the PC or PS genes, which encode plasma serine proteases with anti‐coagulant activity. Severe PC or PS deficiencies manifest in early life as neonatal purpura fulminans, a life‐threatening heamorrhagic condition requiring immediate treatment. First‐line treatment involves replacement therapy, followed by maintenance with anti‐coagulants. Replacement therapy with specific protein concentrates is currently only limited to PC, and therefore, a PC + PS concentrate represents a useful addition to therapeutic options, particularly for severe PS deficiency. Further, the production of a PC + PS concentrate from unused plasma fractionation intermediates would impact favourably on manufacturing costs, and consequently therapy prices for patients and health systems.Materials and MethodsSeveral chromatographic runs were performed on the same unused plasma fractionation intermediates using different supports to obtain a PC/PS concentrate. The best chromatographic mediums were chosen, in terms of specific activity and recovery. A full process of purification including virus inactivation/removal and lyophilization steps was set up.ResultsThe final freeze‐dried product had a mean PC concentration of 47.75 IU/mL with 11% of PS, and a mean specific activity of 202.5 IU/mg protein, corresponding to over 12,000‐fold purification from plasma.ConclusionThe development of a novel concentrated PC/PS mixture obtained from a waste fraction of other commercial products could be used for its potential therapeutic role in the management of neonatal purpura fulminans pathology.
Truncated Cone – A Universal Primitive Shape for Axisymmetric View Factor Systems
Authors: Cumber Peter S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is demonstrated that axisymmetric view factor systems can be modeled as a composite of truncated cones. For the hemisphere primitive shape, it is represented as a composite of truncated cones. One conclusion of the investigation is eight truncated cones are required to give a reasonable approximation to a hemisphere. The sensitivity of the run-time for the Monte Carlo methods to the number of surfaces is investigated and the run-time of the Monte Carlo method combined with ray tracing scales as the square of the number of surfaces, whereas the run-time of the hybrid Monte Carlo method scales in a weakly linear way with the number of surfaces. Representing a hemisphere with eight surfaces, for the view factor system considered and an root mean squared error (RMS) threshold of 0.001 the hybrid Monte Carlo method and quasi-Monte Carlo method have a speed-up of 8.3 and 55 compared to the Monte Carlo method with ray tracing.
Research on Deflagration Hazard and Its Influencing Factors on Urban Gas Pipeline
Authors: Li Qiaochu , Zhang Peng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the hazard criteria for thermal radiation and shock wave overpressure applicable to the deflagration of urban gas pipelines have been proposed. The phast software is used to analyze the hazard intensity and degree of pipeline deflagration. Based on the hazard criteria, the situation of personnel and object damage is determined, and targeted risk control points are proposed. The influence of the parameters of wind speed, atmospheric stability, air humidity, and operating pressure on the deflagration hazard is studied. The work presented in this paper can provide a reference for the disaster assessment and safety management of urban gas pipelines.
Validation of Fatigue Crack Growth Modeling Solutions Using Measurements Collected on API X65 Piping Specimens
Authors: Loghin Adrian , Harter James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Building confidence in different modeling techniques to assess damage tolerance capabilities of components under service conditions relies on a continuous verification and validation effort. The verification benchmarking (usually conducted for mode I stress intensity factors, KI) is accomplished by comparison against analytical or high-resolution numerical solutions while for the validation task, lab-controlled experimental measurements (i.e., crack size vs. cycles) are used as a reference for a complete remaining useful life solution. Different mechanical testing conditions and multiple specimens are often considered to capture experimental variability and provide a large set of measurements that can be used for numerical solution validation and uncertainty quantification.
Four fatigue crack growth experimental measurements [1] were used as a validation reference set for an incremental 3D FE modeling procedure and for a reduced order model-based application. The test procedure consists of a four-point bend 5L X65 pipe specimen subjected to two repeating R-ratio constant amplitude loading blocks to allow formation of beach marks that can be used post-failure to identify crack size and shape during the experiment. The two modeling processes capture all details related to experimental procedure: overall geometry of the specimen, crack location and orientation, two constant amplitude loading blocks: 10000 cycles performed at a stress ratio of R = 0.1 followed by 5000 cycles at R = 0.5. Fatigue crack growth rate data provided by BS 7910 was used to obtain the 3D FEM based explicit crack growth solution as well as the equivalent solution using the reduced-order model. Digitized post-failure beach mark data was used as a reference to validate against the crack fronts generated in the numerical solution for each loading block. Fatigue crack growth rate uncertainty within the bounds provided by BS 7910 is considered in this validation benchmarking.
Variable Inertia Damper Using a Flywheel Filled by MR Fluid: Vibration Tests by Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Matsuoka Taichi , Kubota Shunya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The authors have developed a semiactive damper that has a variable inertia mass using a flywheel filled with MR fluid in previous paper. The damper complies with a ball screw mechanism and the flywheel. The magneto-rheological (MR) fluid is filled into the flywheel. Ferrite particles of the MR fluid are clustered at outer edge of the flywheel when magnetic field is applied by 8 electromagnets, a radius of gyration of the flywheel will be changed. So that the damper can have a variable inertia mass effect which has the virtual mass of 50 kg in minimum and 68 kg in maximum. In this paper, to investigate vibration reduction using the variable inertia mass effect, vibration tests of one-degree-of-freedom system with a prototype damper, which is switching the inertia mass effect by reinforcement learning using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), were conducted by a shaking table. Agents are trained by JMA Kobe and El Centro earthquakes. From the experimental results, peak values of response acceleration and displacement in case with the damper decrease about 1/3 ∼ 1/2 to that in case without the damper. In addition, numerical responses are simulated by using other earthquakes which have not been trained. Finally, vibration reduction was confirmed experimentally and numerically.
A Practical Approach for In-Field Calculation of Autofrettage Pressures for Thick-Walled Cylinders
Authors: Jäger Philippe , Fuenmayor David , Bortz Matthias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Autofrettage of pipes or pressure vessels for high pressure applications is a common and well-known procedure to extend the fatigue life by introducing a compressive residual stress at the inner fiber, see, e.g., [1,2].
In general, applying autofrettage to a high-pressure component requires a mechanical calculation, which normally consist of the following three main steps: 1) Calculation of the corresponding pressure based on a desired autofrettage depth, i.e., a restricted portion of the wall thickness 2) Calculation of an upper limit to ensure protection against plastic collapse during the autofrettage process 3). Calculation of an upper limit to prevent reverse yielding upon releasing the autofrettage pressure.
In order to perform that mechanical calculation as efficient as possible, we will present an analytical approach based on dimensionless coefficients that separates geometry and material properties and allows for the determination of the autofrettage pressure as a function of the particular yield strength under consideration.
Statistical Analysis of Waste Tank Pit Depth Measurements for Corrosion Rate Projections
Authors: Harris Stephen , Wiersma Bruce , Elder Jim , Plummer Alan , Waltz Ruel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Liquid radioactive waste is stored in large, underground carbon steel tanks at the United States Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. As a component of the site’s Structural Integrity Program, in-service inspection of these tanks is conducted to ensure tank integrity and to verify the effectiveness of waste chemistry requirements for mitigation of corrosion degradation. The inspections are performed using a projection image scanning (P-scan) automated ultrasonic testing device, which is remotely operated on a magnetic wall crawler. The inspections focus on gathering data related to the primary corrosion mechanisms of concern: general corrosion, pitting corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. The inspections provide a real-time assessment of actual conditions to confirm that the corrosion control program is effectively mitigating corrosion.
A horizontal band of incipient pits was identified on one of these tanks over 25 years ago. As a precaution, the site has monitored this band of pits to determine if they were actively growing (i.e., pit depth increasing). In 2012, the location of nearly 100 of these pits were referenced. In 2022, the inspection plan for this tank required that these same pits be measured. A statistical analysis was performed to determine if a difference between the pit distributions measured in 2012 and 2022 exists. Statistical tolerance limits for pit depth were also calculated assuming the Largest Extreme Value (LEV), negative Weibull and log-Normal probability distributions for comparisons. The analysis confirmed that there was no significant difference between the two distributions and hence pit growth is not occurring. The analysis provided the basis for discontinuing future inspection of the horizontal band on this tank.
Creep Property of Type 316Cb Stainless Steel Heater Tube
Authors: Hau Jorge , Hsieh Bing , Park Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A metallurgical evaluation was conducted involving a 316Cb tube removed from an atmospheric distillation unit heater, after 18 years of service. Since this steel is not a standard material for heater tubes, the design used creep properties from type 347 stainless steel tube. A tube sample was submitted for remaining life assessment. The material properties reported for type 347H stainless steel were used for this study. The creep tests were conducted following the Omega method, but LMP data were also derived to make an assessment based on this method as well. Applying both methods, the type 316Cb steel appeared creep stronger than 347H steel. The 316Cb steel in this tube sample did not undergo significant microstructure degradation and creep life consumption, thus, estimation indicated ample remaining life for future service. Type 316H steel was not used as reference because the original design used type 347 stainless steel tube properties to determine the required wall thickness.
Considering Gaps Between Tubes and AVBs for U-Shaped Tube Bundle in Steam Generators Using Seismic Linear Analysis Method
Authors: Hirota Kazuo , Monde Masatsugu , Ono Naoki , Nakamori Tomohito , Matsubara Masahito , Mineno Tomonori , Taguchi Koshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ensuring seismic resistance of the tube bundle of steam generators is very important. In order to predict the vibration behavior of the tube bundle, a linear analysis method was developed by modeling all the components of the tube bundle such as tubes and Anti-Vibration Bars (AVB). First natural frequency and its seismic response calculated using the linear analysis were very consistent with the seismic test results. However, since the calculated tube strain distribution was smaller than the results obtained from the test, we developed a nonlinear analysis model that can take into account gaps between tubes and AVBs. Natural frequencies and seismic response, however, cannot be obtained based on this nonlinear analysis. In seismic response evaluations, since focusing on the first order mode of the tube bundle is important, the strain of the tubes was assessed by simulating the deformation of the first order mode, based on a static analysis that uses horizontal inertial acceleration so that the seismic response can be determined by the linear analysis model.
In this study, an improved linear analysis model was developed in which tubes and AVBs were connected by linear springs only at contact points. A nonlinear analysis model was used to grasp contact points when the tube bundle was deformed due to seismic load. First natural frequency and its stress distribution in the tube array calculated using the improved linear analysis model were very consistent with the test results obtained from U-shaped tube bundles with both triangular and square arrays. Therefore, it has been concluded that the improved linear analysis model can be applied to seismic analysis for both arrays in steam generator.
Modeling of Hardness and Welding Residual Stress in Type 316 Stainless Steel Components for the Assessment of Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Li Suo , Yamaguchi Yoshihito , Katsuyama Jinya , Li Yinsheng , Deng Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, a framework was proposed on the comprehensive assessment of hardness and welding residual stress in Type 316 austenitic stainless steel welded joints. Firstly, an 8-pass butt-welded joint made of Type 316 stainless steel was fabricated. Finite element analyses of the welded joint were performed to investigate hardness and welding residual stress distributions. The grain growth model was developed for the hardness prediction. The Chaboche combined isotropic-kinematic strain hardening model and time-temperature dependent annealing model were adopted. The relationships between the Vickers hardness and the uniaxial plastic strain as well as grain size were collected from published literatures. The simulation results of the grain size and accumulated equivalent plastic strain were used for the hardness prediction of the welded joint. The predicted hardness was compared with the experimental data of hardness mapping. The distribution of welding residual stress on the outer surface of the welded pipe was measured by using the X-ray diffraction method and strain gauge method, respectively. The predicted welding residual stresses were compared with the measurements. The results obtained showed that the developed numerical approach can predict the hardness and welding residual stress of Type 316 stainless steel welded joints with satisfactory accuracy. The effects of heat input, structural constraint, and repair welding on the hardness and welding residual stress will be investigated as further works.
Understanding Bolt Stress Behavior in Temperature Cycling Environments
Authors: Taylor Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study researches and monitors bolt stress readings for different gasket styles in multiple temperature cycling environments and internal pressure settings over a long time period. The testing is performed on ASME B16.5 raised face, weld neck flanges – 4” 300lb with the heat generated through the piping system replicating a more realistic plant/process application. ASTM A193 B7 intelligent bolting is used to monitor the bolt stress throughout testing, this is made possible because of the ceramic dial gauge provided with this style of intelligent bolt. The study shows how the bolt stress values change throughout the set temperature cycling profile, internal pressure present and how the style of gasket can affect the bolt stress at a given point. Several common gasket styles have been tested to provide a better understanding for end users when selecting a gasket type. Relaxation values are also calculated throughout testing to better understand the longevity of the bolted joint connection.
The information generated from this study will provide a better understanding of when a flanged joint may be at risk and the relaxation factor for a given gasket style in service. This can then be implemented into the bolt up procedure and torque value of the flange joint to ensure a leak free start up and long-term service performance.
Temperature Variation in Each Component of the Bolted Flange Joint
Authors: Taylor Robert , Hufnagel Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study researches and monitors the temperature variation in each component of the bolted flange joint, considering the inner pipe temperature, gasket sealing element temperature, and bolt temperature in three positions: top, middle, and bottom.
The study also shows results with different flange / pipe insulation thickness and two types of bolt materials, ASTM A193 B7 and ASTM A320 B8M CL2.
The test unit temperature controller is set at a consistent heat up rate with a maximum temperature setting of 600 Deg F (316 Deg C). Testing starts at ambient temperature, and is then taken up to the maximum set temperature, while each thermocouple is recording the temperature every minute.
Graphical results show the increase and cooldown in temperature of each component and further breaks down the temperature differences between the complete unit, inner pipe versus gasket sealing element, bolt temperature variation — top, middle, and bottom of the bolt length.
Finite Element Method (FEM) will then be performed replicating the test procedure.
Results will aid design and plant engineers to better understand how different types and thicknesses of pipe / flange insulation can affect the temperature variations in certain bolted flange components. Data from the study will also enable design engineers to understand the differences between inner pipe, gasket, and bolt temperatures when calculating stresses and relaxation values in operation.
Thermal Modeling of Hanford Lead Canister’s Heater Bench Tests
Authors: Suffield Sarah R. , Jensen Ben J. , Klymyshyn Nicholas A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was built to simulate the Hanford Lead Canister (HLC). The HLC is intended to act as a leading indicator of canister degradation as part of the Hanford site’s aging management plan for long term storage of encapsulated cesium and strontium material. It will be deployed with heaters inside to accurately simulate the environmental conditions experienced by units containing radioactive material. The HLC will be placed on a dry storage pad near dry storage systems with encapsulated radioactive material.
A thermal CFD model was developed to verify that the heaters can replicate the decay heat of a canister with nuclear material and to aid in understanding the HLC’s thermal environment, including the local air flow within the canister storage system. In addition to the detailed CFD model, a simple model of the dry storage systems, including the HLC, sitting on the dry storage pad was constructed to understand how wind speed and direction will impact airflow in and around the HLC. The dry storage pad model will explicitly model the external environment and provide boundary conditions to the detailed stand-alone CFD model. Wind flow around the storage modules will cause a pressure distribution along external surfaces and openings, resulting in a pressure difference between the inlets and outlets of the storage module that will impact airflow through the module. The HLC model will need to account for both wind and thermally driven flows in the heated storage module. This study investigates how to account for wind in the stand alone HLC thermal model based on pressure differences at the inlets and outlets for various wind speeds in a larger model that simulates the external environment around the storage module.