bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waldron on Law and Politics
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jeremy Waldron’s assertive and engaging book The Dignity of Legislation has a chip on its shoulder-hence the title. In the academic culture of legal theory that Waldron partly inhabits, legislatures come in for a lot of distrust, or even contempt, in comparison with courts. Courts are widely thought to arrive at their results by reasoning, whereas legislatures are thought to operate by the crude clash of partisan interests.
Exposure
Authors: White G Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exposure of Alger Hiss as a Communist and a Soviet agent began with a story about Hiss told by his accuser Whittaker Chambers. In 1952 Chambers produced a long, polished version of that story in his memoirs, Witness. He was at that time a celebrity, the star prosecution witness at the 1949 and 1950 perjury trials of Hiss, whom Chambers had accused of being in a Communist cell with him, and passing him stolen government documents, in the 1930s. Chambers admitted to having been a member of the Communist Party of the United States and an under-cover Soviet agent, but stated that he had broken with the Soviets in 1938 and become a rabid anti-Communist.
Prison
Authors: White G Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On March 22, 1951, Alger Hiss surrendered to federal marshals at the Foley Square courthouse in New York to begin a five-year jail sentence. His appeal from his January 1950 conviction on two counts of perjury had been unanimously denied by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on December 7, 1950, and on March 12, 1951, the Supreme Court of the United States had denied his petition for certiorari. Ten days later Hiss’s tenure as a federal prisoner began. He had been sentenced to five years on both counts of perjury, with the prosecution recommending, and Judge Goddard agreeing, to have the counts run concurrently. A statute provided that if he maintained good behavior in prison he would be released in 44 months.
Victoria Reid And The Politics Of Identity
Authors: Casas María Raquel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sometime in September 1836, the widow Victoria Bartolomea married Hugo Reid at the San Gabriel mission, located near the small town of Los Angeles, California. After the ceremony, the couple attended to their landholdings, became part of the small San Gabriel community, and raised Victoria’s four children from her previous marriage. Socially and culturally, little distinguished this couple from their neighbors, except for race. Victoria Bartolomea, a Comicrabit Indian, was born near the San Gabriel mission and raised as a neophyte under the authority of the Catholic fathers. Hugo Reid was born in Scotland, lived in Mexico for several years, and then migrated to California.
Teresa Urrea: Curandera and Folk Saint
Authors: Perales Marian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Teresa Urrea’s fame as a folk saint and curandera (folk healer) preceded her. She dedicated her life to providing medical and spiritual sustenance to those in need. Her reputation, like the fluid and permeable nature of the border, crossed over international boundaries. It began in northwest Mexico in the 1880s, and in the early 1900s it spread into the United States. Notoriety accompanied her as she journeyed from the interior of Sonora to Nogales, Arizona, and later to El Paso, Texas. The Porfiriato, or the Porfirio Diaz presidency, was in full swing by the time she came of age.
Pura Belpré: The Children’s Ambassador
Authors: González Lisa Sánchez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pura Teresa Belpré, one of the most admired figures of twentieth-century Puerto Rican history, was a storyteller, folklorist, children’s librarian, and advocate for low-income, Spanish-speaking children in New York City. During her lifetime, she traveled widely, performing stories, writing chil- dren’s books, and contributing to the fields of library science and bilin- gual children’s bibliography. Literary critics and historians have only recently recovered Belpré’s body of work. In light of her contributions to children’s literature, writing, researching, and translations of Puerto Rican legends and myths for bilingual audiences, she has been dubbed the island’s folkloric “ambassador” to the United States.
Antonia Pantoja And The Power Of Community Action
Authors: Korrol Virginia Sánchez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All eyes were riveted on the petite, gray-haired senior citizen at the podium. In September 2001, scholars, politicians, community organizers, educators, and students filled the auditorium precisely because she had organized the symposium on New York Puerto Rican history. Many came because she was a legendary figure, regarded as the most influential community activist since the 1950s; some had never met her but knew her history; and others wondered why she had returned to the city after an absence of over two decades.
Introduction
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a June evening in 1989, Philip Traficonda chased his wife, Terry, across their yard to a neighbor’s house, where she took refuge with their infant son. Philip had been drinking all afternoon. He approached the modified mobile home to which his wife had escaped, peered through a window, walked around the house several times, and then burst through the screen door into the kitchen. “Get the f—k home,” he ordered. When Terry failed to move, Philip grabbed their son from her arms, carried the boy to his pickup truck, and peeled out of the driveway. Terry called 911. By the time Philip went on trial for her murder, police had “lost” the tape of Terry’s call. But the neighbor testified that Terry told the dispatch operator her husband had “kidnapped” their child, was drunk, and was driving at a dangerous rate of speed and that she wanted the child returned. Two officers were sent to the address.
The Revolution Stalled
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The domestic violence revolution far surpassed initial expectations. But it has gone as far as current strategies can take it. In 1977, during one of the many incidents when Mickey Hughes assaulted his wife, Francine, their 12-year-old daughter, Christy, called police. When the police arrived, Mickey threatened to kill Francine. But this seemed like “idle talk,” an officer testified. “He hadn’t killed her before, he wouldn’t do so now.” After the police left, Francine set fire to the bed in which her husband was sleeping and he was fatally burned. Things have changed dramatically since 1977. Mickey was never arrested, though he had raped Francine on several occasions and assaulted her dozens of times. Not until 1979, as the result of lawsuits in a number of cities were police required to replace their arrest-avoidance strategy. Marital rape was not a crime in 1977 and in New York and a number of other states was not even considered grounds for divorce. In several states, Francine could have gotten an injunction, though police had no role in enforcing these orders, and only if she was married, and only pursuant to a divorce. Farrah Fawcett portrayed Francine in a TV film version of The Burning Bed. In the mid-1990s, when her boyfriend slammed Fawcett to the ground and choked her after an argument at a restaurant, he was arrested, tried, and convicted. By this time, most states had abolished the marriage rape exemption and mandated police to presumptively arrest if they had probable cause to believe domestic violence had occurred. Around the globe, courts provided a range of new protections for abuse victims. On the two occasions when Francine left Mickey to return to her parents, he stalked and harassed her without consequence.
The Proper Measure Of Abuse
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No sooner had the first shelters opened than a consensus emerged about what brought women through their doors. However much advocates and mainstream academics disagreed, it seemed self-evident that violence was our central concern. Twenty-five years have passed. A woman’s face is prominently displayed on a poster in Marshall’s Department Store. Her eyes are blackened, and her cheeks swollen. Without him being pictured, everyone understands that the woman’s husband or boyfriend is responsible. “There’s No Excuse for Abuse,” reads the market-tested slogan at the bottom of the poster. A sign tells us a portion of what we spend goes to domestic violence services, though not what portion or which services. The New York Times identifies a similar woman, whose bruised face appears on the cover of its Sunday Magazine, as a victim of “Bad Love.”
Up To Inequality
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This section reopens inquiry into the nature of women’s oppression in personal life by broadening the current focus on violence to encompass a class of harms that bears directly on individual liberty, the chance for equal personhood, and the political bonds that join free and equal persons in a democratic community. Revisioning these harms changes everything about how we understand and respond to the abuse of women by male partners. This chapter gives the perpetrators and victims of woman battering what Yiddish writer Isaac Beshevis Singer calls a “historical address.” It tracks the evolution of abuse from wife beating in traditional patriarchal societies to wife torture during the transition from industrial to modern corporate societies, and then to coercive control, the emerging strategy of choice for men who seek to dominate female partners in liberal democratic societies
Munich 1667-1688
Authors: Timms Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Munich must have made an immediate impression on the thirteen-year-old Steffani.Founded in the twelfth century by Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, who fortified an ancient monastic settlement (‘Mönche’ [Ger.]: monks) that had grown up on the banks of the River Isar, the city had been the seat of the ruling Wittelsbach dukes for more than four hundred years and capital of Bavaria for over a century. The elevation of the duchy to an electorate—the eighth in the so-called Holy Roman Empire—in 1623 had made the Wittelsbachs one of the most powerful dynasties in Europe (an elector was one of the small number of German princes entitled to take part in the election of the emperor). The prestige of the Wittelsbachs was displayed in the splendid buildings of the electoral residence (‘Residenz’: Fig. 2.1), which were enlarged and improved in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and housed a magnificent library and art collection. Music at the court had flourished in the later sixteenth century under Orlande de Lassus, with whom both Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli had come to work, but the establishment had been reduced on the accession of Maximilian I in 1597.
The Operas,I: General Survey
Authors: Timms Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The composition and performance of opera occupied Steffani during the major portion of his musical career. The première of his first opera, Marco Aurelio, to a libretto by his brother Ventura Terzago, took place at Munich in January 1681, the month in which he was promoted to director of chamber music there. He set three more Terzago librettos for Munich—Solone (1685), music lost; Audacia e rispetto (1685), a tourney, music lost; and Servio Tullio (1685)—and two by Luigi Orlandi: Alarico il Baltha (1686) and Niobe, regina di Tebe (1687. His appointment that year as Kapellmeister at Hanover was a central part of Duke Ernst August’s plan to establish Italian opera there and enhance his standing in the eyes of German electors and dukes. Between 1689 and 1695 Steffani composed six three-act operas for Hanover to librettos by Ortensio Mauro—Henrico Leone (1689), La superbia d’Alessandro (1691, Orlando generoso (1692), Le rivali concordi (1693), La libertà contenta (1695), and I trionfi del fato (1689); in addition he probably wrote the two one-act operas performed there during that period—La lotta d’Hercole con Acheloo (1689) and Baccanali (1695). By the time he moved to Düsseldorf Steffani was active mainly in political and ecclesiastical spheres, yet he is credited with three of the operas produced at that court—Arminio (1707), a pasticcio to a libretto by Stefano Benedetto Pallavicini; Amor vien dal destino (1709, but composed at Hanover to a libretto by Mauro); and Tassilone (1709; Pallavicini).
The Operas,II: Case Studies
Authors: Timms Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alaric I (ca. 370-410) king of the Visigoths, was the subject of at least three Italian opera librettos in the 1680s. His popularity may have been related to the publication of Emmanuele Tesauro’s Del regno d’Italia sotto i barbari Epitome, cited by Luigi Orlandi as a source of his version for Steffani. This historical account of the ‘barbarian’ kings in Italy first appeared at Turin in 1686; that the British Library also has editions of 1667and 1672, and a German translation (Nuremberg, 1686, suggests that it was well known. The earliest libretto about Alaric was Bartolomeo Groppi’s Alarico in Roma (Padua, 1680; composer unknown), but the most familiar version is the anonymous Alarico, re de’ Goti of which Bassani’s setting was performed in 1680 (Ferrara) and 1685 (Ferrara, Bologna, and Dresden).Orlandi’s libretto could conceivably be based on Groppi’s, which is dedicated to an ‘abbate Alessandro De Lazara de conti del Palù Maggiore’,but not on the other one.
Symptoms of Mood Disorders: Recognizing Biological Depression
Authors: Klein Donald F , Wender Paul H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Names of the “mood disorders” have changed repeatedly, and the layperson is generally confused about their meaning. The mood disorders we will discuss are: depression or unipolar depression, manic-depression or bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. There are two major types of depression. In the first, depression or unipolar depression, the patient’s mood varies between being either normal or depressed; he or she never becomes excessively elated. In the second, manic-depression or bipolar illness, the patient’s mood varies between being depressed (as in unipolar depression) and being “high” or “euphoric.”
What Happens to the Depressive or: Manic-Depressive Individual Over Time?
Authors: Klein Donald F , Wender Paul H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before Discussing the course of depression and manic-depression (bipolar disorder), we want to comment on the frequency of these illnesses. For reasons that are incompletely understood, depression has become increasingly common in recent times. That is, the rates of depression were lower for people born in 1900 than for those born in 1920, and lower for the 1920 group than for those born in 1940.
What Causes Depression and Manic-Depression?
Authors: Klein Donald F , Wender Paul H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Majority of cases of depressive and manicdepressive illness appear to be genetically transmitted and chemically produced. Stated differently, the disorders seem to be hereditary, and what is inherited is a tendency toward abnormal chemical functioning (sometimes called a “chemical imbalance”) in the brain. Antidepressant medications apparently have a compensating effect, correcting the imbalances that are believed to cause depressive and manic-depressive illness.
How to Get Help
Authors: Klein Donald F , Wender Paul H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One Of The Confusing problems that a person with a depression or related illness faces is finding the right kind of therapist. Because therapy for various kinds of emotional disorders is offered not only by psychiatrists but also by psychologists, social workers, nurses, and pastoral counselors, it is difficult for the potential patient to decide who can best evaluate his needs, help him to plan treatment, and carry it out.
Distribution and Diversity of Grasses in the Yécora Region of the Sierra Madre Occidental of Eastern Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Devender Thomas R Van , Reeder John R , Reeder Charlotte G , G. Ana Lilia Reina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Howard Gentry’s Río Mayo Plants (1942) was a major contribution to the knowledge of the flora of north western Mexico. His Río Mayo Re-gion included a broad area in southern Sonora and adjacent Chihuahua in the Río Fuerte, Río Mayo, and Río Yaqui drainages. Beginning in the 1970s, a new network of roads provided access to many new areas (Búrquez et al. 1992). A revision of the Río Mayo flora by Martin et al. (1998) recorded 2835 taxa and incorporated the Chihuahuan treat-ments for the plants of the Cascada de Basaseachi (Spellenberg et al. 1996) and Nabogame (Laferriére 1994).
Historical and Ecological Biogeography of the Terrestrial Herpetofauna of Northern Baja California
Authors: Grismer L Lee , Mellink Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After traveling along the entire length of the Baja California peninsula in 1837, the German naturalist F. Deppe described it as having very little wild-life, especially reptiles and insects (Lichtenstein 1839). As it turned out, Deppe’s impression of the regional herpetofauna was not borne out by subsequent research. A large body of studies during the twentieth century has revealed relatively few amphibian species but a fairly high diversity of reptiles, especially among lizards and snakes (for a comprehensive overview see Grismer 2002). This is hardly a surprise, given that the diversity of habitats occurring in Baja California is among the highest in North America.
Limits of Independence in the Colonial Economy
Authors: Kessler-Harris Alice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early settlements of seventeenth-century America, only one group of women—domestic servants—could properly be called wage earners. By the end of the colonial period, the stage had been set for women to take their places in the nineteenth-century movement of people into the wage labor force. Women’s transition from paid and unpaid family-centered roles to wage labor of all kinds began early in the American past. Separated from the European soil, and facing dramatically different conditions in the organization and availability of land and labor, the colonists might have reconsidered the roles of women. They had plenty of land, and in the early years they were desperately short of workers. But the colonists chose to create conditions of women’s work that resembled those of Europe more closely than they departed from them. European traditions and expectations regulated women’s access to apprenticeship and thus to the most lucrative skills. And in this new world, patterns of land distribution quickly confirmed old assumptions about women’s place. Together, women’s relationship to the land and to saleable skills permanently influenced their economic possibilities.
From Household Manufactures to Wage Work
Authors: Kessler-Harris Alice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The American Revolution and the period that followed it offered both ideological and economic lessons to those who cared to listen. Alongside grand expostulations about individual liberty and freedom from tyranny lay challenges posed by more developed industrial nations. Britain and France threatened to flood the new nation with goods that would stifle American economic initiative and create permanent dependence. A way had to be found to create an economic foundation sturdy enough to protect citizens from both the armed might and the insidious trading pressures of other nations. To do this, Federalists such as Alexander Hamilton felt that the United States had to develop a balanced economy. In a society still almost totally agrarian, still rooted in the conviction that land was the basis of an independent republic, such views meant convincing an unwilling populace that nonagricultural production was desirable and necessary. No one wanted to threaten the society’s agrarian base, or to deprive the land of the labor that would both extend America’s borders and coax from it maximal yields. And no one wanted to reproduce the poverty and degradation of English industrialism. But there were many who, with Hamilton and his ally, manufacturing promoter Tench Coxe, believed the new nation could avoid the evils of industrialization and yet derive the benefits of national self-sufficiency. Industrial growth, they believed, would complement and support a rich agricultural production and an independent national economy.
Industrial Wage Earners and the Domestic Ideology
Authors: Kessler-Harris Alice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“The rest of us have moved here to Nashville,” Jemima Sandborn wrote to her brother Richard Bennett in 1843, “thinking they (the girls and Charles) would probably work in the Mill but we have had bad luck getting them in—only Jane has got in yet.”1 The halcyon days when women seemed to be able to determine their own destinies were gone forever. The depression of 1837-39, the first major downturn of the industrializing nation, was the turning point. It threw as many as one-third of New York City’s working population out of work. Thousands of New England factory operatives returned to their homes until the panic subsided. In the meantime, savings were withdrawn, pauperism grew dramatically, a sense of insecurity about possibilities for work spread. ‘Women could no longer rely on the assurance of readily available jobs, and all workers faced the necessity of accepting reduced wages. The depression marked the development of a market economy characterized by increasing dependence on wage labor and attempts to organize work in central locations. It revealed the difficulty women would have in sustaining a partnership between wage work and the home, where they could not rely on paid work.
Protective Labor Legislation
Authors: Kessler-Harris Alice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In various incarnations the search for protection extends over an astonishingly long period of time—longer than the battle for woman suffrage itself. Its origins encompass laws that applied to all workers, male and female, as well as to women and children and to children alone. Legislation based on women’s special position derived directly from the search for general protection and was alternately rejected, then supported, then rejected again by the organized women’s movement as well as by wage-earning women. Positions fluctuated with the changing meaning of “protection” as well as with changing labor force circumstances. Because the idea of “protection” appeared in different guises at different times, it drew support from new coalitions of supporters on each occasion. It pitted working women against working men, and employers against legislators. Just as often, it aligned unionists with manufacturers and set women in unions against those outside them.
Hidden Failures: The Role of the Protection System in Major Disturbances in Power Systems
Authors: Thorp James S , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The bulk power system is of current popular interest because of deregulation and some of the resulting regional problems. It is also important to note that inexpensive and reliable power has been a foundation of economic growth for decades. Indeed, the National Academy of Engineering found that the electrification of the country was the greatest engineering accomplishment of the twentieth century. The power industry is large, with annual revenues of $220 billion, and keeps growing. It was the largest man-made system prior to the Internet.