bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming virtual pharmacy simulation into drug information course in the pharmacy curriculum
Authors: Mohamed Shahul Hameed Pakkir , Veeramani Vinoth Prabhu , Mohideen Mathar , Alanazi Majed Falah , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Mani Vasudevan , Prabahar Kousalya , Ali Mostafa A. Sayed , Amirthalingam Palanisamy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Drug information training is restricted to pharmacy students due to the lack of training sites. Drug information simulation needs manpower and is time-consuming for the arrangement. Virtual simulation is widely accepted by numerous pharmacy schools and plays a major role in training students for various courses in the pharmacy curriculum. However, the usefulness of virtual simulation in drug information training is yet to be established.
Objective
To compare the student success and perceptions of virtual versus live simulation in providing drug information.
Methods
A cross-over study design was used to compare the student performances and perception between virtual and live simulation. A total of one hundred and forty-nine students consented to participate in the study. They were randomly allocated, with 75 assigned to the virtual simulation group and 74 to the live simulation group for exercise 1. Then the students crossed over into virtual and live simulation for exercise 2. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire consisting of ten items was developed and validated to assess their perception after completing exercises. Simple logistic regression was used to compare the students' success rate and the mean value of students' responses was compared using an independent student t-test.
Results
There was no observed significant difference in Student success rate between virtual and live simulation in both exercises 1 and 2. Meanwhile, students expressed a significantly higher confidence level (p = 0.000) when dealing with virtual patients as it reflected in their achieved grades regarding the identification of the background of the requestor and the nature of the drug information question during exercise 1. However, students' responses to the item related to the confidence level had no significant difference in exercise 2 (p = 0.753). Further, there were, no significant differences between live and virtual simulation in terms of student perception of the remaining tasks in both exercises. Also, the student performances were comparable between virtual and live simulation in exercise 2.
Conclusion
Virtual simulation was useful in training students for drug information practice in community pharmacies. Students perceived virtual simulation as better than live simulation.
The relationship between adolescents' sleep quality and academic expectations stress: Who is riskier?
Authors: Çağlar Songül , Kesgin Makbule Tokur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between adolescents' academic expectations stress and sleep quality and who are at higher risk.
Design and methods
The study was a cross-sectional survey among adolescents aged 10–17 years in Bolu, Turkey. The average age of the adolescents in the study was 14.37 ± 2.19. The participants of this study were middle school (52.3%) and high school students (47.7%). The study was completed with a total of 1161 adolescents. Data were collected through data collection form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Academic Expectations Stress Inventory between March and May 2017.
Results
This study found that both sleep quality scores (7.27 ± 3.15) and stress scores related to academic expectations (32.13 ± 7.77) of high school students were significantly higher than that of middle school students, (5.69 ± 3.22;17.06 ± 5.65), p < 0.05. The stressful situations of the students regarding academic expectations and the age variable together showed a significant relationship on sleep quality (R² = 0.137, F (2, 1158) = 90.532), and it was observed that it caused a 13.7% change in the sleep quality score.
Conclusion
This study showed that adolescents are more likely to experience poor sleep quality and academic expectations stress as they get older.
Practice Implications
To prevent sleep problems and stress in adolescents, pediatric nurses should plan regularly health education starting from middle school.
Exploring Women's Self-Employment in Mzuzu, Malawi: Catalysts and Barriers to Socioeconomic Empowerment
Authors: Banda Lucy , Ngoma Chimwemwe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Women's engagement in self-employment is an important component of economic development, yet their experiences and challenges in this sector are often overlooked. This study explores the experiences of women involved in self-employment in Mzuzu City, Malawi, focusing on the challenges and benefits of their economic participation.
Methodology
The study employed a mixed methodology, utilizing a sequential explanatory research design to investigate the experiences of 25 women engaged in self-employment activities in Mzuzu City. This design involved initially collecting and analyzing quantitative data through structured questionnaires, followed by the collection and thematic analysis of qualitative data from in-depth interviews.
Results
The majority of women in self-employment were aged 31–45, with limited access to education. Many were single parents or widowed, driven by the need to support their families. Challenges included restricted access to capital and markets, difficulties in balancing business and family, high taxes, intense competition, and exposure to gender-based violence. Despite these hurdles, self-employment contributed to household food security, reduced dependence on men, and empowered women in family decision-making.
Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of addressing the challenges faced by women in self-employment in Mzuzu City. The findings call for inclusive economic policies and support systems to promote women's self-reliance and financial independence, benefiting both gender equality and economic growth in Malawi.
Exploring the Relationship between Tremor and Force Control in Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Wavelet Analysis
Authors: de Almeida Fabrício D. , Campos Shirley F. , Brizzi Ana Carolina B. , Sales Melina P. , Pedreiro Rodrigo C. M. , Pedroso Wellington , Neto Osmar Pinto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates hand grip force control and tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with varying tremor conditions and severity levels, while considering the influence of visual feedback. A 40-second isometric constant grip force task was conducted on patients with unilateral, bilateral, and no tremors, across mild and moderate severities. Frequency domain analysis using Morlet wavelet transform was employed. The results revealed that grip strength did not significantly differ among tremor groups or severity levels. However, force accuracy, variability, and mean force were higher with visual feedback. Tremor intensity was greater in the unilateral tremor group, increasing with disease severity. Visual feedback effects on tremor characteristics varied with frequency bands and tremor profiles. Synchronicities were observed between force variability and tremor oscillations, with higher cross-wavelet power in the unilateral tremor group and moderate severity. Wavelet coherence showed higher values in the unilateral tremor group with no feedback in the 0-0.5 Hz range. This study provides valuable insights into force control and tremor characteristics, considering different tremor profiles and severity levels in PD. The findings have implications for tailoring therapeutic approaches for PD patients with distinct tremor profiles and severity levels.
Is evolutionary psychology a scientific revolution? A bibliometric response to Buss (2020)
Authors: Zagaria Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In recent times, David Buss (2020) has claimed that Evolutionary Psychology (EP) represents a genuine "scientific revolution," drawing parallels with the Kuhnian concept. This paper aims to empirically examine Buss's assertion by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the prevalence of the evolutionary approach in Psychology. EP (broadly defined) is juxtaposed with its classical counterpart, the Standard Social Science Model (SSSM). According to Kuhn's framework, a discipline undergoing a scientific revolution evolves into the dominant school of thought, eclipsing all other theories. Contrary to Buss's contention, the analysis uncovers that the SSSM enjoys significantly greater prominence than EP and is advancing at a swifter pace. The data also indicates a “cultural evolutionary” approach is somewhat lacking (i.e. cross-fertilization between EP and SSSM is not evident). Despite sharing the aspiration for an evolutionary revolution in psychology, it is contended that, for this purpose, a prudent approach involves recognizing the current status of affairs, envisioning realistic change, and building a more methodologically diverse research community.
Possibilities of modern pharmacotherapy in patients with dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Kolomytsev V. V. , Goryunova L. V. 
Published: November 2023

Pain in the right hypochondrium is one of the most frequent complaints in patients with diseases of the biliary system. According to statistics, every tenth person experiences unpleasant sensations in the upper right abdomen after drinking alcohol, fatty, fried or salty food, as well as after psychoemotional and physical exertion. The most common of the pathologies of the biliary system is the sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). SOD is a clinical syndrome caused by a functional disorder of sphincter of Oddi (SO), which leads to the development of abdominal pain syndrome, increased activity of liver and / or pancreatic enzymes, dilatation of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. One of the methods of treatment of SOD is drug therapy, accompanied by the following groups of drugs: antispasmodics, nitrates, choleretics, antidepressants, etc. At the same time, many medications show low efficacy against SOD, or cause pronounced side effects. At present, for the treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, the domestic drug from the group of myotropic antispasmodics, hymecromon, Holicron, has the optimal characteristics in terms of price-quality ratio in the Russian pharmacological market. The drug has a selective antispasmodic effect on SO, and also has a choleretic effect. Mechanism of antispasmodic action is an increase in the concentration of nitric oxide (II) and cyclic mononucleotides, which through a cascade of biochemical reactions leads to a decrease in the number of calcium ions in the cell and a decrease in the tone of smooth myocytes of SO and gallbladder. The drug is absorbed into the blood in a small amount, which excludes its systemic effect and determines the selectivity of the effect on the biliary system. According to the results of clinical testing and consideration of a specific clinical case, it can be concluded that the use of hymecromone (Holicron) reduces the severity of pain syndrome and reduces dyspepsia syndrome, good tolerability and absence of side effects that would require withdrawal of the drug are also recorded.
Issues of pathogenesis and treatment of contact dermatitis in children of the first year of life
Authors: Zhiltsova E. E. , Egorova E. A. , Surova A. R. , Tarakanova D. S. , Filchkova A. E. 
Published: November 2023

The article presents the pathogenetic features of dermatitis in children of the first year of life, features of the clinical picture and approaches to therapy. Contact dermatitis is a fairly common pathology in young children. Previously, it was believed that the clinical manifestations in this group of children were mainly associated with simple contact dermatitis (SCD), but in recent years, studies have shown that contact sensibilization is quite common, and currently the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is not uncommon, but timely anti-inflammatory therapy prevents the formation of a focus of chronic inflammation. The prevalence of SCD and ACD in children of the first year of life, as well as the severity of skin inflammation, is associated with the existing structural features of the skin. Changes in the structures of the epidermis and dermis, characteristic of this age period, lead to easier skin damage when exposed to various irritants, both mechanical and chemical in nature, and the penetration of allergens into the skin. The peculiarity of the structure of blood vessels and increased vascular permeability is an important factor in the development and longer existence of local inflammation. The main condition for the effectiveness of treatment of dermatitis is the cessation of exposure to the substances that caused their development, and the main means of treating these conditions are topical glucocorticosteroids (TGCS). The article discusses cases of SCD and ACD in children of the first year of life, in which methylprednisolone aceponate in the form of 0.1% cream was used for external therapy. The choice in favor of this TGCS was made due to the absence of halogens in the methylprednisolone aceponate formula, the possibility of use from 4 months of age and in sensitive areas. During treatment, all patients had a good clinical effect and no side effects. The use of methylprednisolone aceponate in the form of 0.1% cream for SCD and ACD in children of the first year of life is a highly effective and safe remedy.
Structural features of the heart in children with arrhythmic syndrome due to nonspecific connective tissue disorder
Authors: Nechaeva G. I. , Dakuko A. N. , Loginova E. N. , Bogatyrev I. V. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Connective tissue is highly organized system, its disorders are characterized by a pronounced polymorphism of morphological and clinical manifestations. The cardiovascular pathology in patients with nonspecific connective tissue disorder attracts attention due to the high risk of complications: rhythm and conduction disorders, infective endocarditis, vascular thromboembolism and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, it’s very important to use up-to-date equipment and methods of early diagnosis of a high risk of fatal events in young.Aim. To investigate the structural features of the heart and their relationship with the process of myocardial remodeling in children with arrhythmic syndrome and nonspecific connective tissue disorder.Materials and methods. Sixty-five children were examined, 40 of them had arrhythmic syndrome in combination with nonspecific connective tissue disorder, and 25 had only minimal manifestations of nonspecific connective tissue disorder without arrhythmic syndrome. Such up-to-date methods as assessment of myocardial remodeling and longitudinal strain, natriuretic peptide assessment were included in the diagnostic algorithm.Results and discussion. The study showed a variety of phenotypic and visceral markers of nonspecific connective tissue disorder in children with arrhythmic syndrome. Arrhythmic syndrome was manifested by monotopic and heterotopic heart rhythm disorders, and structural changes of the heart: mitral valve prolapse and myocardial wall thinning were correlated with a more frequent increase in natriuretic peptide. Speckle-tracking echocardiography showed a significant decrease in longitudinal myocardial strain with predominance of myocardial strain in the anterior basal segment in children with arrhythmic syndrome.Conclusion. Our study showed a variety of phenotypic and visceral markers of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in children with arrhythmic syndrome. The data obtained require further mathematical analysis and the establishment of a possible relationship between the external manifestations of the disease and cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances.
Irritable bowel syndrome: modern ideas about pathology and the possibility of its correction
Authors: Serebrova S. Yu. , Kurguzova D. O. , Krasnykh L. M. , Vasilenko G. F. , Demchenkova E. Yu. , Eremenko N. N. , Kareva E. N. , Prokofiev A. B. 
Published: November 2023

Among the defecating disorders with constipation or diarrhea, there is a group of major intestinal disorders defined by the Rome IV Diagnostic Criteria (2016): irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, functional diarrhea. The presence of several updates of the Rome criteria is due to the current lack of objective signs of the listed disorders while many options for describing subjective sensation by patients from different countries. It calls for their terminological multilingual standardization. Both constipation and diarrhea can be caused by a variety of exogenous and endogenous factors and have different pathogenetic mechanisms, but they cannot be identified properly using modern clinical and laboratory methods for functional intestinal disorders. However, the high prevalence of these syndromes, characterized by the presence of complaints that reduce patients’ quality of life, necessitates their correction. The drug choice for defecation disorders and abdominal pain is often limited by contradictions from international clinical guidelines and national regulations.Therefore, the Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association for the treatment of functional intestinal diseases contain many instructions on general therapeutic and dietary measures. The pain syndrome treatment is based on the spasmolytics. Among the laxatives that have long been used in the treatment of chronic constipation, sodium picosulfate has long been successfully used. This drug has high efficacy and safety profiles; the instructions for its medical use allow to prescribe it in patients suffered from irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. The use of sodium picosulfate for IBS is regulated by many clinical recommendations. However, this drug may be ineffective against abdominal pain. It is incorrect to assign the mission of pain relief to a laxative because of multifactorial pathogenesis of IBS pain with constipation or diarrhea and uncertainty of methods for its pharmacological control.
Is a gluten-free diet enough to treat celiac disease?
Authors: Oreshko L. S. , Tskhovrebova Z. M. 
Published: November 2023

Celiac disease is a chronic gluten-induced autoimmune enteropathy in genetically predisposed individuals with specific HLA genotypes carrying the DQ2 (DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201) or DQ8 (DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0302) alleles. The overall global prevalence of celiac disease is 0.7–1.4%. The increase in the incidence rate is associated with significant consumption of gluten over the last century, which has a peculiar effect on the small intestine mucosa. Atrophic processes in the intestine mucosa contribute to malabsorption and development of gluten-dependent clinical symptoms, however, the manifestation of the disease can occur at any age. The small intestine disease with the development of hyper-regenerative atrophy of the small intestine mucosa is recognized as a systemic disease accompanied by various deficiency conditions both with and without atrophy of the small intestine mucosa. Long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet entails certain deficiency conditions, such as vitamins B, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and folic acid deficiencies, as well as a decrease in body mass index. To ensure adequate nutritional intake, patients with celiac disease require additional resources, namely specialized dietary nutrition products. The issues of understanding the need for enteral nutrition in the management of patients with celiac disease are stressed. The article presents a clinical observation of the nutritional support for a female patient with a typical course of celiac disease, grade 2 protein-energy malnutrition, which demonstrated that the use of specialized food products as additional nutrition can significantly improve the nutritional status and somatometric indicators in a patient with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet.
Approaches to the management of surgical patients with antibiotic-associated mild diarrhea
Authors: Egorov D. V. , Lazareva Yu. A. , Seliverstov P. V. 
Published: November 2023

The paper highlights the issues of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) of mild severity in the treatment of surgical patients, its epidemiology, etiology, features of the clinical picture and approaches to therapy. The mild course of AAD includes diarrhea without signs of intoxication, leukocytosis and fever. Stool disorder in patients receiving antibiotics who are in a surgical hospital is an urgent medical problem, since this pathology prolongs the time of hospitalization, increases economic costs, reduces the quality of life and can even be the cause of the patient’s death. According to various authors, AAD develops in 40% of people receiving antibacterial therapy. A clinical example of the management of a patient with AAD and injury of the musculoskeletal system is considered in detail.The abolition of antibiotics is not a method of solving this problem, since the severity of the patient’s injuries requires further surgical treatment and prevention of purulent-septic complications. The key point in the treatment of mild AAD will be the appointment of probiotic drugs, which have an effect on the pathogenetic links of AAD. Probiotics are microorganisms that have been known since ancient times and are purposefully used for health improvement and longevity. One of the first probiotic drugs used before the era of the discovery of antibiotics can be considered Mechnikov curdled milk with unique medicinal properties. Prescribing probiotic therapy from the first day of taking antibiotics, without waiting for the results of laboratory examination, will significantly reduce the prevalence of clinical manifestations of both clostridial diarrhea and idiopathic AAD.
Influence of liver attenuation on the severity of course COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shumskaya Yu. F. , Gonchar A. P. , Mnatsakanyan M. G. , Blokhin I. A. , Reshetnikov R. V. , Vasilev Yu. A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. A high prevalence of decreased liver density has been shown among patients with COVID-19, but there are no convincing data on the cause of this phenomenon. It is still debatable whether decreased liver attenuation is an independent risk factor for the severe course of COVID-19.Aim. Assessment the prognostic value of liver attenuation on CT scan in patients with COVID-19.Materials and methods. Retrospective cohort study. Data of COVID-19 outpatients were analyzed. Inclusion criteria: two chest CT scans, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood values, polymerase chain reaction to verify SARS-CoV-2. Four comparison groups were assigned according to the severity of lung lesions. Liver attenuation was analyzed by automatic segmentation, with values less than 40 HU being considered pathologic.Results. Data from 499 patients was included. No correlation between ALT and AST and changes in liver attenuation was found. Groups differed in age and liver attenuation on both CT scans. On follow-up CT, low liver density was seen in males (odds ratio (OR) 2.79 (95% CI 1.42–5.47), p-value = 0.003) and in patients with a baseline reduced liver density (OR 60.59 (95% CI 30.51–120.33), p-value < 0.001). Age over 60 years was associated with the development of lung lesions (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.06) for extent of lung injury < 25%, OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.05–1.11) for 25–50%, OR 1.1 (95% CI 1.06–1.15) for 25–50%, p-value < 0.001). Low liver attenuation on the primary CT scan increased the odds of severe lung injury (OR 6.9 (95% CI 2.06–23.07), p-value = 0.002).Conclusion. In COVID-19, patients with low liver attenuation are more likely to develop severe lung damage.