bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon and water vapor exchanges coupling in irrigated and rainfed Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigenum) agroecosystems
Authors: Martínez-Maldonado Fabio Ernesto , Castaño-Marín Angela María , Góez-Vinasco Gerardo Antonio , Marin Fabio Ricardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We studied the response of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) to water availability conditions by detailing the dynamics of H2O and CO2 exchanges between the canopy and atmosphere of three different potato water regimes cropping systems [full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and rainfed (RF)]. Through the eddy covariance method, we measured carbon and water fluxes and determined the inherent water use efficiency (IWUE) as a conceptual frame for comparing diurnal cycles of carbon and water and quantifying their coupling/decoupling degree. Surface resistances and the omega (Ω) factor were computed to know the degree of canopy control over carbon and water fluxes. Additionally, leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf area (SLA) were measured over the cropping systems. The highest sink activity at the FI site (NEE= −311.96 ± 12.82 g C m−2) was due to the larger canopy, with high autotrophic activity and low internal resistance which supported a highly coupled and synchronized ET – GPP exchange represented in the higher IWUE (4.7 mg C kPa s-1 kg-1 H2O). The lower sink capacity at the DI site (NEE= −17.3 ± 4.6 g C m−2) and the net carbon source activity from the RF (NEE = 187.21 ± 3.84 g C m−2) are consequences of a smaller area for water and carbon exchange, and a low IWUE (2.3 and 1.01 mg C kPa s-1 kg-1 H2O, respectively) from decoupled and desynchronized carbon and water exchange caused by unbalanced restrictions on ET and GPP fluxes.
Controlling liquid landscape with 3D-printed spines:
A tool for micromanipulation
Authors: Delens Megan , Franckart Axel , Vandewalle Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Manipulation of floating objects, whether solid or liquid, spanning from microscopic to mesoscopic sizes, is crucial in various microfluidics and microfabrication applications. While capillary menisci naturally self-assemble and transport floating particles, their shapes and sizes are limited by the properties of the fluid and the objects involved. We herein introduce an innovative and versatile method that harnesses the superposition of capillary menisci to curve liquid interfaces without size limit. By using 3D-printed spines piercing the interface, we can finely adjust height gradients across the liquid surface to create any liquid topography at low cost. Thus, our method becomes a powerful tool for manipulating floating objects of all sizes. Combining experimental demonstrations and theoretical modeling, we study the liquid elevation created by specific spine dispositions and the three-dimensional manipulation of submillimetric particles. Multiple examples showcase the method's potential applications, including sorting and capturing particles, which could pave the way for cleaning fluid interfaces.
Study of the prognostic relationship between the value of C-reactive protein and mortality in patients with pneumonia.
Authors: Al-Shalati Mohammed Abdulrahman , Bardan Housam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine the prognostic relationship between the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and mortality among patients visiting Damascus Hospital between the years 1/1/2022 and 1/1/2023 AD.
Methods and materials:
A cross-sectional study on 100 patients from Damascus Hospital. A paper questionnaire was used through which patient information was collected. The data was entered into the Excel program and analyzed by the researchers in order to reach the goal of the study.
Results
The percentage of males was 64% and the percentage of females was 36%. The average age of patients was 34,788 ± 31,966 years. The percentage of smokers was 20%, most of whom were heavy smokers. Asthma is the most common hereditary disease (28%), followed by high blood pressure (13%). The most common medical history of patients was high blood pressure and asthma, with the same percentage (24%), followed by type 2 diabetes. The simple image was used in more than two-thirds of patients (70%), and the most common findings in the chest image were alveolar density in the lower lobe of the left lung (42). %), followed by alveolar density at the base of the lungs (38%), the average C-reactive protein in patients was 56.894 ± 60.9 mg/L, the average length of stay was 8.74 ± 6.581 days, and two-thirds of the patients were treated with ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone, and the mortality rate was 17%.
Conclusion
There are significant differences in the average ages of patients depending on the prognosis (improvement, death, recovery), there are no significant differences in the average values of protein C according to the prognosis (improvement, death, recovery), there is no statistically significant relationship between gender and prognosis, and there are no differences. There are significant differences in the average length of stay in the hospital depending on prognosis, there are significant differences in the age of patients according to gender, and there are no significant differences in the average length of stay and C-reactive protein according to gender.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МАРКЕРІВ ЗАПАЛЕННЯ: РОЗКРИТТЯ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ МЕТАБОЛІТОТРОПНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ
Authors: Бєлінський Микита , Середюк Нестор 
Published: October 2023

Інфаркт міокарда з елевацією сегмента ST (STEMI) є основною причиною захворюваності та смертності у всьому світі. Цукровий діабет 2 типу (ЦД2) підвищує ризик розвитку STEMI через такі фактори, як запалення низького ступеня. Маркери запалення та сполуки, такі як кверцетин та аденозин, відіграють важливу роль в оцінці та лікуванні цих станів.
Мета. Оцінити вплив кверцетину та аденозинвмісного препарату Адвокард на запалення низької інтенсивності у пацієнтів з ІМ та супутнім ЦД2.
Матеріали та методи. У дослідження було включено 97 стаціонарних пацієнтів з STEMI та ЦД2, які були розподілені на три групи. Група 1 отримувала стандартне лікування, група 2 - стандартне лікування з внутрішньовенним введенням кверцетину, а група 3 - кверцетин з препаратом Адвокард. Всім пацієнтам була проведена реваскуляризація міокарда зі стентуванням.
Результати та обговерння. На початку дослідження не було виявлено значущих кореляцій між групами лікування та рівнями лейкоцитів і нейтрофілів. Однак аналіз даних після лікування виявив помітні відмінності. У групі 3 спостерігався значно нижчий рівень лейкоцитів і нейтрофілів порівняно з іншими групами лікування, що свідчить про більш потужний протизапальний ефект, пов'язаний з цим специфічним лікуванням. Результати цього дослідження підкреслюють потенційні переваги метаболітотропної терапії в модулюванні запальних процесів. Значне зниження рівня лейкоцитів і нейтрофілів, а також деяких маркерів запалення свідчить про те, що лікування в групі 3 пропонує комплексний підхід до зменшення запалення.
Висновки. Були отримані переконливі докази на користь додавання Адвокарду та кверцитину до стандартного лікування для посилення протизапальної активності. Зменшення кількості лейкоцитів і нейтрофілів, а також стійке зниження індексів запалення вказують на потенціал Адвокарду і кверцитину модулювати запалення та покращувати загальний стан здоров'я.
Practical Lesson in a New Discussion Format – Clinical Case Discussion
Authors: Yatsyshyn Roman , Cherniuk Nataliia , Drohomeretska Oksana , Vyshyvanyuk Vira 
Published: October 2023

The exceptional availability of high-tech simulators is not enough to ensure the high quality of practical training of the future medical specialists. The main condition is the use of certain pedagogical technologies that ensure the continuity of the system of practice and improvement of practical skills and preparation for competent professional activity at all stages of the future doctor training.
In recent years, there has been a clear trend to improve the methods of simulation technologies in medical education at the undergraduate stage of the future doctors’ training. At the same time, an important direction is the step-by-step analysis of clinical cases followed by an extended discussion (with the elements of debriefing) and the use of additional information in the form of separate information blocks with visualization. Only at this stage it is possible to practice communication skills, to understand the clinical route of the patient, as well as to discuss possible rehabilitation and preventive measures.
The aim of this article is to share own experience of the implementation of a highly effective teaching method – the discussion of clinical cases, Clinical Case Discussion (CCD), which promotes the development of deep clinical thinking in students, the ability to practically apply knowledge in various fields of medicine, the performance of the applied differential diagnosis, and the formation of the real tactics of the diagnostic search and/or treatment of a specific patient on the example of this clinical case.
Performance of a practical session in the new Clinical Case Discussion (CCD) format promotes the development of clinical thinking, allows students to systematize the material obtained and separate dominant signs (symptoms) from secondary ones, justify the appointment of laboratory and instrumental examination methods, verify the diagnosis and develop a number of rehabilitation measures. Active participation in the discussion of specialists of related specialties (depending on the topic of the clinical case and the primary manifestation of the disease) demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary interaction and the ability to work in a team. The use in the process of clinical discussion of separate information blocks (with visualization) regarding important symptoms, as well as diseases with which it is necessary to perform differential diagnosis, contributes to analytical thinking, a syndromological systematized approach and the formation of a final diagnosis.
Assessment of the State of Macro- and Microelement Composition of Oral Fluid in Teenagers and Young Adults Smokers
Authors: Lisetska Iryna , Rozhko Mykola 
Published: October 2023

It is known that minerals play an important role in the regulation of various functions of the body and each cell separately, their optimal content is necessary for the formation of the body's adaptive response, for maintaining human health, while some of them are involved in the development of pathological processes. The imbalance of trace elements is one of the causes of membranotoxic enzymatic effects of cell structure and function disorders, imbalance of the body's microflora, increased lipid peroxidation, activation of adhesion processes, disruption of intercellular homeostasis, etc. Changes in the elemental composition of the oral fluid play an important role in the development of dental pathology, such as dental caries and periodontal tissue diseases. Oral fluid is highly sensitive to the effects of adverse factors, is a convenient informative non-invasive medium for clinical, including early, diagnosis of human health, and can show macro- and microelemental imbalances, which can be used as an additional marker for assessing adverse effects, such as tobacco smoke.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the macro- and microelement composition of oral fluid in teenagers and young adults.
Comparison of Telephone and Video Telehealth Consultations: Systematic Review
Authors: Byambasuren Oyungerel , Greenwood Hannah , Bakhit Mina , Atkins Tiffany , Clark Justin , Scott Anna Mae , Glasziou Paul 
Published: October 2023

Background
Telehealth has been used for health care delivery for decades, but the COVID-19 pandemic greatly accelerated the uptake of telehealth in many care settings globally. However, few studies have carried out a direct comparison among different telehealth modalities, with very few studies having compared the effectiveness of telephone and video telehealth modalities.

Objective
This study aimed to identify and synthesize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing synchronous telehealth consultations delivered by telephone and those conducted by video with outcomes such as clinical effectiveness, patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and patient and clinician satisfaction with care.

Methods
PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and CENTRAL were searched via the Cochrane Library from inception until February 10, 2023, for RCTs without any language restriction. Forward and backward citation searches were conducted on included RCTs. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. We included studies carried out in any health setting—involving all types of outpatient cohorts and all types of health care providers—that compared synchronous video consultations directly with telephone consultations and reported outcomes specified in the objective. We excluded studies of clinician-to-clinician telehealth consults, hospitalized patients, and asynchronous consultations.

Results
Sixteen RCTs—10 in the United States, 3 in the United Kingdom, 2 in Canada, and 1 in Australia involving 1719 participants—were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Most of the telehealth interventions were for hospital-based outpatient follow-ups, monitoring, and rehabilitation (n=13). The 3 studies that were conducted in the community all focused on smoking cessation. In half of the studies, nurses delivered the care (n=8). Almost all included studies had high or unclear risk of bias, mainly due to bias in the randomization process and selection of reported results. The trials found no substantial differences between telephone and video telehealth consultations with regard to clinical effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and health care use (cost-effectiveness) outcomes. None of the studies reported on patient safety or adverse events. We did not find any study on telehealth interventions for diagnosis, initiating new treatment, or those conducted in a primary care setting.

Conclusions
Based on a small set of diverse trials, we found no notable differences between telephone and video consultations for the management of patients with an established diagnosis. There is also a significant lack of telehealth research in primary care settings despite its high uptake.
Perceptions of the Agency and Responsibility of the NHS COVID-19 App on Twitter: Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Heaton Dan , Nichele Elena , Clos Jérémie , Fischer Joel E 
Published: October 2023

Background
Since September 2020, the National Health Service (NHS) COVID-19 contact-tracing app has been used to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Since its launch, this app has been a part of the discussion regarding the perceived social agency of decision-making algorithms. On the social media website Twitter, a plethora of views about the app have been found but only analyzed for sentiment and topic trajectories thus far, leaving the perceived social agency of the app underexplored.

Objective
We aimed to examine the discussion of social agency in social media public discourse regarding algorithm-operated decisions, particularly when the artificial intelligence agency responsible for specific information systems is not openly disclosed in an example such as the COVID-19 contact-tracing app. To do this, we analyzed the presentation of the NHS COVID-19 App on Twitter, focusing on the portrayal of social agency and the impact of its deployment on society. We also aimed to discover what the presentation of social agents communicates about the perceived responsibility of the app.

Methods
Using corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis, underpinned by social actor representation, we used the link between grammatical and social agency and analyzed a corpus of 118,316 tweets from September 2020 to July 2021 to see whether the app was portrayed as a social actor.

Results
We found that active presentations of the app—seen mainly through personalization and agency metaphor—dominated the discourse. The app was presented as a social actor in 96% of the cases considered and grew in proportion to passive presentations over time. These active presentations showed the app to be a social actor in 5 main ways: informing, instructing, providing permission, disrupting, and functioning. We found a small number of occasions on which the app was presented passively through backgrounding and exclusion.

Conclusions
Twitter users presented the NHS COVID-19 App as an active social actor with a clear sense of social agency. The study also revealed that Twitter users perceived the app as responsible for their welfare, particularly when it provided instructions or permission, and this perception remained consistent throughout the discourse, particularly during significant events. Overall, this study contributes to understanding how social agency is discussed in social media discourse related to algorithmic-operated decisions This research offers valuable insights into public perceptions of decision-making digital contact-tracing health care technologies and their perceptions on the web, which, even in a postpandemic world, may shed light on how the public might respond to forthcoming interventions.
The level of C-reactive protein in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Tseluyko V.Y. , Kurinna M.V. , Yakovleva L.M. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Modern risk stratification in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) does not consider all possible factors that may influence the course and prognosis of the disease. In view of this, it is promising to study inflammatory markers, especially C-reactive protein (CRP), for their prognostic value in PE. The purpose was to study the clinical and prognostic value of increased CRP levels in patients with PE during hospitalization. Material and methods. One hundred and three patients with diagnosis of acute PE confirmed by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or by autopsy were examined, their СRP level was evaluated during hospitalization. In addition to a general clinical examination, all patients were screened for PE risk factors and risk of premature death according to the ESC 2019 guidelines. La-boratory tests included quantitative determination of CPK-MB, D-dimer and СRP in addition to basic ones. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, and CTPA were performed as part of the instrumental studies. Results. Depending on the СRP median (26 mg/l), patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (СRP < 26 mg/l) included 52 people, group 2 (СRP > 26 mg/l) — 51 patients. It was found that in group 1, patients with low risk predominated (p = 0.044) and the average pulmonary embolism severity index was significantly lower (p = 0.011). In group 2, the average blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) during hospitalization was significantly lower (p = 0.004), the average parameters of the left ventricle, namely end-diastolic and end-systolic volume, were significantly greater (p = 0.045 and p = 0.043, respectively), and the ejection fraction was significantly lower (p = 0.002). Also, the average levels of leukocytes (p = 0.0003), neutrophils (p = 0.00001), urea (p = 0.008), CPK-MB (p = 0.028) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.012) were significantly higher in group 2. Correlation analysis revealed a reliable inverse connection between CRP levels and initial SpO2 and a direct relationship between CRP level and the size of the right atrium, CPK-MB level, and increased risk of early mortality from PE. Conclusions. Elevated CRP was found in 92 % of patients with acute PE and was associated with a significant decrease in SpO2 (p < 0.004), increased left ventricular size (p < 0.05), and decreased ejection fraction (p < 0.003). Correlation analysis revealed a relationship between CRP level and the risk according to the pulmonary embolism severity index, SpO2, the level of CPK-MB and the size of the left atrium.
Geranium Aralia, Polyscias guilfoylei (W. Bull) L.H. Bailey), Leaf Extract Toxicity against Melon Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett
Authors: Rachmawati Jeti , Martono Edhi , Trisyono Y. Andi 
Published: October 2023

Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett is one of the most detrimental pests that mostly attack family Cucurbitaceae. Control over this pest often uses insecticides, and one of the plants with the potentiality to be used as source of insecticide is Polyscias guilfoylei. This research aimed to study the influence of P. guilfoylei leaf extract application upon Z. cucurbitae mortality and to determine the LC50 value. The research was conducted at Pest Invertebrate Plant Pest Science Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The toxicity test was done using contact, oral and residue methods upon ethanol and n-hexane extracts with 0; 1.25; 2.50; 5.00; 10.00; and 20.00% concentrations. The research used randomized group design with six replications. The parameters observed were the number of dead melon fly at 72 hours after the treatment and LC50 value of each extract. The data were analyzed using Probit analysis via 1.02 version of Lenora software Polo Plus. The result shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf using oral and residue methods affected Z. cucurbitae mortality. However, in contact method, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf did not affect Z. cucurbitae mortality. LC50 values of ethanol extract using oral and residual methods were 6.168% and 3.658%, respectively. LC50 values of n-hexane extract using oral and residual method reached 5.311% and 6.607%, respectively. This research shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf contain secondary metabolites that are toxic for melon fly Z. cucurbitae.
Development and Evaluation of Microemulsion Formualatons of Valsartan for Solubility Enhancement
Authors: Kumari Pawan , Kumar Kapil , Joshi Aparna , Chauhan Vaishali , Rajput Vaishali 
Published: October 2023

Microemulsions have attracted considerable amount of interest as potential drug delivery vehicles largely due to their simple method of preparation, stability and their abilities to incorporate a wide range of drugs of varying solubility. O/W microemulsion is expected to increase the solubility by dissolving low water solubility compounds into its dispersed phase and to enhance the oral bioavailability by protecting the drug increasing the rate of absorption and wettability due to surfactants induced permeability changes and smaller droplet size (< 100 nm) and most importantly able to target lymphatic system.
In the present study, the drug delivery system contains Valsartan, a hydrophilic component, a lipophillic component, surfactants and co-surfactants. The objective is to provide an increased release of valsartan and increased bioavailability of valsartan. Prepared microemulsion formulations by phase-titration method were evaluated for viscosity, drug content, thermodynamic stability studies and in-vitro dissolution. Resultant microemulsion optimized formulation (ME5) shows drug release (88.2±0.16%.%). Hence, micro-emulsion of valsartan was successfully developed and evaluated.
Keywords: Microemulsion, Valsartan, solubility, evaluation.