bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actuation of ferrobots in a plane for independent and swarm motion using a grid of electromagnets
Authors: Bhat Sudhanva , Ananthasuresh G K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We demonstrate an experimental platform for independent planar actuation of multiple ferromagnetic robots on a plane by locally varying the magnetic field around them using a 2D grid of solenoids. The ferromagnets can be brought together and separated, moved together in a swarm, or independently navigated using local magnetic fields, allowing for complex maneuvers. To enable this, they require strong fields to actuate and involve complications in force calculations. Modelling the force on the ferromagnet, which has field-dependent magnetization, is addressed by Legendre polynomial expansion of the integrand in the field equation, leading to significantly decreased computational effort. The developed method is used to apply required currents in the electromagnets and thereby move the ferromagnets along required paths in closed-loop motion. The accuracy of the developed force estimation is validated using finite element analysis, and it matches with less than 4% error. Furthermore, an autobraking mechanism with an optimal braking strategy is devised to mitigate the undesired overshoot and oscillations of ferromagnets. Several maneuvers of swarm and independent motion are presented. As a demonstrative case study, multiple ferrobots are used to change the shape of a planar elastic band to form a shape-changing robot, which is made to mimic processes in single-cell organisms.
Persistence of winter forage grasses in Silvopastoral Systems: dynamics of appearance and mortality of tillers under Eucalyptus sp. trees and full sunlight
Authors: Hernández Claudio , Maneiro Luciano , Viñoles Carolina , Bertoncelli Patricia , Benitez Valentina , Barrios Pablo González , González-Tálice Jaime , Fedrigo Jean Kássio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The impact of microclimatic changes caused by Silvopastoral Systems (SPS) in subtropical climates on C3 grasses persistence remains unclear, particularly concerning their effects on summer mortality and tiller growth. We hypothesized that the microclimate created by trees with different orientations in SPS would have an impact on the summer C3 grasses' persistence, as measured by the number of tillers per square meter. This study evaluated the survival of two C3 perennial grasses of different tolerance to shade (Dactylis glomerata: tolerant, Festuca arudinacea: moderately tolerant) and a C3 biannual grass typic of moist environments (Holcus lanatus) in full sunlight and SPS with tree rows oriented North-South (NS) and East-West (EW). We observed a decrease in Tiller Population Density (Tiller m− 2) for Holcus in all situations from December to April (P < 0.05) (from 2156 to 22 in NS, 2567 to 0 EW and 4667 to 533 in full sunlight). Festuca also decreased in all conditions but showed a relatively better performance (2867 to 1644 in NS, 3044 to 944 EW and 4500 to 3317 in full sunlight) and Dactylis (1933 to 2633 in NS, 2289 to 2056 EW and 3017 to 1750 in full sunlight). Results showed that Dactylis was more persistent under tree canopy, it presented lower mortality rate, especially in N-S oriented tree rows (P < 0.05). Festuca’s tiller mortality increased under reduced light, while Holcus showed higher mortality during summer, exacerbated under tree cover. These findings suggest that Dactylis could be a promising species for SPS in subtropical climates, particularly regarding summer persistence.
The Health Belief Model Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy in Nigeria: A Scoping Review
Authors: Anyatonwu Obinna Princewill , Duru Christian Chukwuka , Nwoku Amy Kelechi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Nigeria’s COVID-19 vaccination campaign has made tremendous progress. Yet, there remains a gap in understanding the determinants of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Nigeria, particularly when viewed through established health behavior models. Due to the possibility of future health crises, gaining insights into these determinants is imperative.Objective This study aims to review the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Nigeria using the Health Belief Model (HBM).Methods A scoping review of relevant articles published on PubMed and Scopus was conducted following an article search from 28th August to 4th September 2022. Articles from 2020 onwards, using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods, were considered. Eligibility was restricted to peer-reviewed articles in English, focused on the Nigerian context, and addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, willingness, or acceptance, regardless of the study design. Reference lists of identified articles were also scrutinized for pertinent studies.Results This study revealed that in Nigeria, lower perceived susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 were linked to vaccine hesitancy. Major barriers to vaccination included mistrust, religious beliefs, and concerns about long-term effects. Social cues, particularly media and advice from health professionals, greatly influenced vaccine acceptance. Healthcare workers exhibited higher vaccine acceptance due to increased self-efficacy. Modifying factors affecting hesitancy included geographic location, age, gender, and socioeconomic status.Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the significance of the HBM in identifying factors capable of influencing COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Utilizing HBM insights can guide targeted interventions and campaigns to increase vaccine adoption, thereby reducing hesitancy and promoting a safer, healthier society.
Formulation and in-vitro Evaluation of Vildagliptin Microspheres Using Pectin and Xanthan Gum as Polymers
Authors: MANUBOLU KRISHNAVENI , PEERIGA RAVEESHA , BABA KUDIPUDI HARINADHA , BATTA BINATHI 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
The aim of the work is a formulation and in vitro evaluation of the vildagliptin microsphere using pectin and xanthan gum.
Objective
Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor extensively associated with the therapy of type-2 diabetes mellitus. A controlled release of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract may aid in maintaining the therapeutic range for an extended period. Sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan gum are commonly used as biopolymers in drug delivery with favourable biocompatibility and biodegradation.
Materials and method
Sodium alginate-pectin and sodium alginate-xanthan gum beads were developed to deliver vildagliptin. A calcium chloride ion (cacl2) induced ionic gelation technique was employed for synthesizing pH-sensitive beads by varying the ratio of sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan gum.
Results
The FTIR investigation verified that drugs and polymers are compatible. The developed beads were evaluated for scanning electron microscopic and DSC study, drug content, swelling ratio, and in-vitro dissolution study. The microscopic images exhibited some are in spherical and semi-spherical shaped beads with cracked and rough surfaces. A pH-dependent swelling was seen, indicating that water intake was restricted in an acidic medium and elevated in an alkaline pH environment. The in-vitro dissolution study demonstrated a controlled release of the drug. optimized formulation Exhibiting diffusion release.
Conclusion
The study reported the successful development of vildagliptin microspheres by using sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan beads for controlled delivery of Vildagliptin.
Unlocking Maternal Outcome Prediction Potential: A Comprehensive Analysis of the ConvXGB Model Integrating XGBoost and Deep Learning” at Evolving Systems.
Authors: Nwokoro Chukwudi Obinna , Akinnuwesi Boluwaji Ade , Shastri Sourabh , Uzoka Faith-Michael , Inyang Udoinyang G. , Eyoh Imo J. , Duke Onyeabochukwu Augustine , Nwokoro Kelechi Cynthia , Joseph Kingsley U. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The significance of maternal health cannot be overemphasized, and the ability to predict maternal outcomes accurately is critical to ensuring the well-being of both mothers and infants. This study presents ConvXGB, a novel predictive model that utilizes a combination of XGBoost, a potent gradient boosting algorithm, and deep learning to extract intricate features. The objective is to enhance precision and robustness of maternal outcome predictions. The study sourced diverse maternal health data from the southern region of Nigeria and implemented Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to address any dataset imbalances. Results obtain demonstrate a significant improvement in model performance, with an accuracy rate of 97.96% across various maternal outcome classes. The recommendations from this study highlight the potential of ConvXGB in advancing maternal health predictive analytics, supporting informed clinical decision-making, and improving resource allocation. Further studies are warranted to explore the broader applicability of ConvXGB in different healthcare domains through outcome analyses and methodological advancements.
Vitamin D as a Modulator of Neuroinflammation: Implications for Brain
Health
Authors: Menéndez Sebastián García , Manucha Walter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Neuroinflammation represents a critical immune response within the brain, playing a pivotal role in
defense against injury and infection. However, when this response becomes chronic, it can contribute to the development
of various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This bibliographic review delves into the
role of vitamin D in modulating neuroinflammation and its implications for brain health, particularly in the
context of neurological and psychiatric disorders. While vitamin D is traditionally associated with calcium
homeostasis and bone health, it also exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects within the central
nervous system. Through comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies, we uncover how vitamin
D, acting through its receptors in glial cells, may influence the production of proinflammatory cytokines and
antioxidants, potentially mitigating the cascade of events leading to neuronal damage. Clinical research has
identified vitamin D deficiency as a common thread in the increased risks of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's, and depression, among others. Furthermore, preclinical models suggest vitamin D's regulatory
capacity over inflammatory mediators, its protective role against neuronal apoptosis, and its contribution to
neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. These insights underscore the potential of vitamin D supplementation not
only in slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases but also in improving the quality of life for patients
suffering from psychiatric conditions. Future clinical studies are essential to validate these findings and
further our understanding of vitamin D's capacity to prevent or alleviate symptoms, opening new avenues for
therapeutic strategies against neuroinflammation-related pathologies. Neuroinflammation is a crucial immune
response in the brain against injuries or infections, but its persistence can lead to diseases such as Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and depression. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) emerges as a regulator of neuroinflammation,
present in brain cells such as astrocytes and microglia, modulating immune function. Vitamin D's
mechanisms of action include cytokine modulation and regulation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. It adjusts
inflammatory mediators and antioxidants, resulting in neuroprotective effects. Additionally, vitamin D
impacts neurotransmitter synthesis and brain plasticity. This positions vitamin D as a potential adjunct in treating
diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Lastly, its role in intestinal microbiota and serotonin synthesis
contributes to psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression. Thus, vitamin D presents a novel therapeutic
approach for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Design, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, ADME and Cytotoxicity
Studies of 1,3,5-Triazine Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds as Selective
BRAF Monomeric, Homo and Heterodimeric Inhibitors
Authors: Kumar Singh Ankit , Sreelakshmi P. , Pathak Prateek , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Harshwardhan , Yadav Jagat Pal , Verma Amita , Grishina Maria , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: February 2024

Background:
v-RAF murine sarcoma viral homolog B1 (BRAF) is one of the most
frequently mutated kinases in human cancers. BRAF exhibits three classes of mutations: Class I
monomeric mutants (BRAFV600), class II BRAF homodimer mutants (non-V600), and class III
BRAF heterodimers (non-V600).

Method:
In this manuscript, the protein-ligand interaction site of all three mutants: BRAF monomer,
BRAF homodimer BRAF2:14-3-32, and BRAF heterodimer BRAF:14-3-32:MEK (Mitogen
extracellular Kinase) has been discussed. FDA-approved drugs still have limitations against all
three classes of mutants, especially against the second and third classes.
Using the DesPot grid model, 1114 new compounds were designed. Using virtual screening, the
three PDB Ids 4XV2 for monomers, 7MFF for homodimers, and 4MNE for heterodimers were
used for 1114 newly designed compounds.

Result:
Dabrafenib, encorafenib, sorafenib and vemurafenib were included as standard drugs. The
top 10 hit molecules were identified for each protein. Additional binding studies were performed
using molecular docking studies on the protein-ligand site of each PDB identifier. Absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity studies were also performed.

Conclusion:
It was identified that top-hit molecules had better binding and interaction activity
than standard in all three classes of mutants.
Exploring the Supramolecular Features, Computational Studies, and
Molecular Docking Studies of a Carbamate Schiff Base
Authors: Kanmazalp Sibel Demir , Dege Necmi , Baildya Nabajyoti , Adhikari Suman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
In the carbamate Schiff base compound, the molecule is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen
bonding interactions along with π···π stacking and C–H···π contacts that lead to the molecule
generating diverse supramolecular architecture. The fingerprint plots associated with Hirshfeld surface
analysis indicate that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from
H⋯H/H⋯H (81.8%), H⋯O/O⋯H (7.5%), and H⋯N/N⋯H (1.9%) interactions. Furthermore, a
computational study is performed to find the interaction energy between molecular pairs, and a description
of the active site of the compound has been included. The study inferred the role of various
types of interaction energies in stabilizing the molecular pair. Additionally, the carbamate Schiff
base compound was tested as a possible inhibitor for a group of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins employing
a molecular docking approach. Papain-like protease (PLpro) was shown to have the highest binding
affinities. The carbamate Schiff base compound with PLpro’s docking score falls within the acceptable
levels for a hit compound.
A Retrospective Study Analyzing the Incidence of Urine Incontinence after Cesarean Section Delivery in Comparison with Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Dowais Raad , Albeitawi Soha , Sindiani Amer , Bakkar Sohail , Ababneh Nahed , Abu Kaf Dania , Malkawi Aseel , Alrababah Hedaia , Al-Binni Maysaa 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Urine incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. Its actual prevalence
is underestimated. There is a general belief that vaginal delivery is a major risk. Elective cesarean
delivery is increasing worldwide; one reason is to protect against pelvic floor disorders, including
urine incontinence. Previous studies included small samples with controversial results.
This study aimed to compare the risk of urine incontinence in women who had cesarean delivery
with those who had vaginal delivery.

Methods:
It was a retrospective study on 1751 women delivered in a university hospital over a 5-
year period. Data collected on number of deliveries, age at first and last delivery, mode of each delivery,
gestational age, birth weight, indication of cesarean section, induction of labor, episiotomy,
perineal tears, smoking, chronic cough, chronic constipation, presence and severity of urine incontinence
using ICIQ score. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: all cesarean section deliveries
and at least one vaginal delivery.

Results:
A total of 600 respondents delivered only by cesarean section, and 1151 had at least one
vaginal delivery. Urine incontinence prevalence in the cesarean group was 5.8%, and 6.9% in the
vaginal group. Age, perineal tear, chronic cough, and chronic constipation were found to be significantly
associated with urinary incontinence. After adjusting for all other variables, vaginal delivery
was not found to be significantly associated with incontinence compared to cesarean.

Conclusion:
Vaginal and cesarean deliveries have a comparable incidence of urinary incontinence.
It is difficult to get a firm conclusion on whether cesarean is protective. Chronic constipation
and cough are important factors regardless of delivery mode.
Cryptolepine Analog Exhibits Antitumor Activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma
Cells in Mice via Targeting Cell Growth, Oxidative Stress, and PTEN/Akt/mTOR
Signaling Pathway
Authors: El-Aarag Bishoy , Shalaan Eman S. , Ahmed Abdullah A.S. , El Sayed Ibrahim El Tantawy , Ibrahim Wafaa M. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The efficacy of chemotherapy continues to be limited due to associated toxicity and
chemoresistance. Thus, synthesizing and investigating novel agents for cancer treatment that could potentially
eliminate such limitations is imperative.

Objective:
The current study aims to explore the anticancer potency of cryptolepine (CPE) analog on Ehrlich
ascites carcinoma cells (EACs) in mice.

Methods:
The effect of a CPE analog on EAC cell viability and ascites volume, as well as malonaldehyde, total
antioxidant capacity, and catalase, were estimated. The concentration of caspase-8 and mTOR in EACs was also
measured, and the expression levels of PTEN and Akt were determined.

Results:
Results revealed that CPE analog exerts a cytotoxic effect on EAC cell viability and reduces the ascites
volume. Moreover, this analog induces oxidative stress in EACs by increasing the level of malonaldehyde and
decreasing the level of total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity. It also induces apoptosis by elevating the
concentration of caspase-8 in EACs. Furthermore, it decreases the concentration of mTOR in EACs. Moreover, it
upregulates the expression of PTEN and downregulates the expression of Akt in EACs.

Conclusion:
Our findings showed the anticancer activity of CPE analog against EACs in mice mediated by regulation
of the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Unraveling the Role of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β, Bruton’s Tyrosine
Kinase, and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mohite Rupali , Gharat Sankalp , Doshi Gaurav 
Published: February 2024

:
Inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration are symptoms of the central
nervous system (CNS) condition known as Multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to its crucial function
in controlling immune cell activation and inflammation, the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-
3β), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), and Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway
have become a viable target for the therapy of MS. The GSK-3β signaling system, which controls
several biological target processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and inflammation,
depends on the GSK-3β enzyme. In MS animal models and human studies, GSK-3β inhibition
has been demonstrated to lessen demyelination and inflammation. Clinical research on MS has
demonstrated that BTK inhibitors decrease inflammation and disease activity by preventing B
cell activation and the subsequent release of cytokines. Clinical investigations for MS have
demonstrated that S1P modulators, such as fingolimod, lower disease activity and inflammation
by limiting immune cell migration to the central nervous system and preventing cytokine production.
The GSK-3β /BTK/S1P signaling pathway in MS is the subject of this paper's summary
and discussion of prospective treatment targets.
Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Rosiglitazone and
Probiotic: Optimization and In-vitro Characterization
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Tyagi Nidhi , Mehan Sidharth , Singh Alok Pratap 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
In the present study, solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with Rosiglitazone and
probiotics were prepared via solvent emulsification diffusion method which is patented. As a lipid and
surfactant, Gleceryl monostearate and Pluronic -68 were used in the formulation process.

Methods:
During characterization, it was determined that ingredient quantity variations significantly
impacted Rosiglitazone loading capacity, particle size, polydispersity index, etc. In an optimized formulation
of RSG-PB loaded SLNs, spherical particles with a mean particle size of 147.66 ± 1.52 nm,
PDI of 0.42 ± 0.02, and loading capacity of 45.36 ± 0.20 were identified.

Results:
Moreover, the developed SLNs had the potential to discharge the drug for up to 24 hours, as
predicted by Higuchi's pharmacokinetic model. The SLNs were stable at 25°C/60%RH for up to 60
days. There was little to no change in particle size, PDI, or loading capacity. In addition, the number of
probiotic bacteria was determined using the standard plate count procedure. Further, the antioxidant
effect of the prepared formulation is evaluated using the DPPH assay method.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the method used to fabricate RSG-probiotic-loaded SLNs is
straightforward and yields favorable results regarding various parameters, including sustained release
property, particle size, PDI, and percent drug loading stability. Furthermore, DPPH radical scavenging
activity shows the high antioxidant potential of RSG-PB SLNs when compared to RSG and probiotics
alone.
Antibacterial Polyketides from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp.
Authors: Wang Ru , Shi Ying , Liu Qianqian , Sun Liyan , Liu Ling 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Endophytic fungi have been recognized as new sources of natural products
with a variety of biological activities, providing lead compounds for drug discovery and development.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to isolate and identify the secondary metabolites from the
plant endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HJY2 and evaluate their antibacterial activities.

Methods:
The compounds were isolated and purified by the methods of silica gel column chromatography,
Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by comparing the NMR
and MS spectroscopic data with those of pieces of literature. The antibacterial activities were evaluated
by the broth microdilution method.

Results:
Seven polyketides were isolated from the fermented extracts of the fungus Fusarium sp.
HJY2 and identified as sydowinol (1), dihydrolateropyrone (2), 13-oxo-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid
(3), (E)-ferulic acid (4), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (5), methyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (6) and
4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone (7). Compound 3 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities
against Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas
campestris pv. campestris with MIC values of 40, 40, 80 and 40 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
Seven compounds were isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HJY2.
Compound 1 was isolated from the Fusarium genus for the first time. Compound 3 showed moderate
antibacterial activities.