bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative and the Iconicity of the Self
Authors: Linde Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far, we have looked at the life story as a common notion in our culture, and we have defined it as a technical term. Subsequently, we considered theories and methods for studying language at the discourse level and for eliciting and studying this particular discourse unit. This preliminary work has laid the foundation for investigating the main issues of this study, which are the questions of how people formulate their life stories in an acceptably coherent way and why the establishment of such coherence is so important. In this chapter, we will discuss the function of narrative in the establishment of the self, laying out the properties of the self that are constructed by various aspects of narrative structure and by the social process of narrative exchange.
Coherence Principles: Causality and Continuity
Authors: Linde Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 demonstrated that temporal order of main clauses-that is, narrative order—represents one of the most fundamental principles for creating English texts. Narrative order is the basis for the two major coherence principles of life stories: causality and continuity. As discussed in Chapter 4, we tend to read causality into the narrative sequence of clauses. There are, of course, other lexical devices for establishing causality-for example, formal markers such as because, since, therefore, and the reason that. Indeed, English makes it very easy for speakers to set up and for hearers to draw causal inferences. But the morphological/ syntactic structure of narrative order is the most basic and pervasive of these resources. We move now from these lexical and syntactic resources, which permit the inference of causality, to the social practice of establishing that the events of one’s life have been motivated by adequate causality. We will first examine the issue of adequate causality for a single professional choice. We will then discuss the management of a sequence of more than one profession, a pattern that involves the adequacy of both the causality of the choice of each profession and the continuity between the choices.
The Rise and Fall of the State Hospital
Authors: Breakey William R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of how mentally ill people have been cared for in America reflects not only changes in the scientific understanding of mental disorder, but also the political, social, and economic philosophies of the times (Grob, 1973). The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries viewed insanity as a problem with social, or spiritual, rather than medical implications, having much in common with other disruptive conditions such as criminality and pauperism. It was handled within the family or local community; as a last resort, an insane person could be confined in a jail or almshouse. In the nineteenth century, the concept of madness as illness began to be accepted, so that insanity came under the purview of physicians and the insane were treated in hospitals. However, the lack of real progress through science, and the abuses of hospitals in the twentieth century led to disillusionment with medical models and even to the idea on the part of some radicals that mental illness is a myth, developed for purposes of social control, and that mental patients should not be confined against their will (Foucault, 1971; Szasz, 1961). At the end of the twentieth century, science is at last beginning to unravel the biological and psychological bases of mental illness, and few people now believe that mental illness is a myth, although libertarian ideas continue to contribute to the movement away from institutional care in favor of less restrictive alternatives.
The Catchment Area
Authors: Breakey William R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Long before community-based service systems were established under state and federal policies, Adolf Meyer articulated the concept of mental health services closely identified with a particular community, staffed by professionals who are intimately familiar with the district and closely linked with its institutions. This principle was also strongly emphasized more recently as a basic premise of deinstitutionalization, that patients would be better when responsibility was transferred from large, impersonal state institutions to local community-based organizations that can be responsive to their communities and accountable for the provision of services. This concept is embodied in the term catchment area. This term was borrowed from hydrology. It referred originally to the area or terrain from which rainfall or surface water drains into a river system, lake, or reservoir. The drainage of water is a passive process, and the usage of the term in mental health services has been justly criticized because participation in mental health services should certainly not be passive.
Partial Hospitalization
Authors: Nestadt Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Compared to the psychiatric hospital, with its long and varied history, partial hospitalization is a relatively recent development in psychiatric care. The first day hospitals were established a half-century ago, but despite its 50-year lifespan, partial hospitalization remains remarkably unfamiliar to many in the psychiatric community. Partial hospital services have had a checkered history and at various times and places have developed in differing incarnations. The principles, philosophies, and methods of care have been affected by competing needs and changing therapeutic strategies reflecting developments in the practice of psychiatry. Because partial hospitals have remained peripheral to the mainstream of psychiatric practice, they have been influenced more by individual innovators than by traditions encompassing psychiatry in general. This has resulted in the scope and focus of these services remaining relatively broadly defined and often vague in conception. Furthermore, most programmatic developments have occurred locally rather than nationally. Nevertheless, efforts have been made to develop a coherent framework for this treatment approach.
Housing
Authors: Lehman Anthony F , Newman Sandra J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The essence of the major transition in the care afforded persons with severe mental illnesses in the United States over the past 40 years has been the change in where they live. For the first half of the twentieth century the majority of these persons lived predominantly in large public hospitals. Since then there has been a steady effort, largely successful, to shift the residences of these persons from long-term care hospitals to community-based settings. Today persons with severe mental illnesses live in a wide variety of housing settings in the community, ranging from such community institutions as nursing homes and locked care facilities to “mainstream” settings including independent housing and the homes of their families.
Putting It All Together
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If This Book has been successful, it has persuaded you that game theory is a useful tool for thinking about business situations. It is of course a limited tool. It cannot provide all the answers. The world is !fire complicated than any game-theoretic model. No real-life decisions can safely be left to game theory to answer. But game-theoretic analysis can be a useful tool, along with other kinds of analysis, in the decision process. Game theory is a tool for thinking about interactive situations, where what one person should do depends on what others do, and no one individual controls the outcome. Thinking strategically involves recognizing the way in which the your decisions interact with the other players’ decisions. It means looking ahead, anticipating the others’ plans. And it requires facing up to uncertainty, taking actions before you know all you might want to know about what the consequences of your action will be. Deciding your best action, as we have seen, involves putting yourself in the others’ shoes: you must predict the others’ actions before you can make an intelligent decision on what action to take.
Suppliers} Process Innovation: Understated Aspects of Japanese Industrial Sourcing
Authors: Nishiguchi Toshihiro , Ikeda Masayoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is straightforward: to describe a hitherto-ignored aspect of suppliers’ contributions to process innovation and to demonstrate the importance of the supplier network in kindling such innovation. We draw on our original case study of Japanese auto components suppliers.
The Servant Girl’s Baby
Authors: Morris Norval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
MiYan had been in the goal hospital for the two days since her arrest. I should have interrogated her earlier, but I had no idea of what to ask her or what to say. Yet I knew I could not just leave her sitting there in custody, hospital though it was, until some formal legal processes were pursued. As I rode my bicycle to the hospital, I found myself anxiously trying out sentences in my head. I wanted to gain a sense of MiYan as a person to see if I could begin to understand why she had let her child die.
Testing Romantic Love Victorian Courtship Rituals and the Dramas of Private Life
Authors: Lystra Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Under The Entry On courtship in a nineteenth-century Dictionary of Love, a pseudonymous Theocritus, Jr., observed the predictable contrast between courtship, “the most tremulously delightful season of the tender passion,” and marriage, which he described as “sober, philosophical, meditative, and sets itself, with good intent to the stern practical du ties of life.” He continued, “But, in courtship, it is all romance, excitement, hope, desire, expectation, sweet dreams etc.....” While not without some basis in fact, Theocritus, Jr., missed a serious dimension of nineteenth-century courtship. Caught between the lower expectations for marital happiness in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the increasing acceptability of divorce in the twentieth, nineteenth-century middle-class suitors were forced to cope with the soaring emotional expectations of marriage and the still socially tainted prospect of divorce.
The National System of Innovation: Italy
Authors: Malerba Franco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Italy represents one of the success stories of postwar economic growth. Over the past 40 years, GNP growth has been higher in Italy than in most other industrialized countries. Similarly, productivity and income per capita have risen rapidly and manufacturing exports have increased considerably. In a relatively short period of time Italy has been transformed from an agricultural and semi-industrialized country to an advanced industrial economy. In addition, during the 1980s Italy experienced high growth rates in R&D, although Italian international specialization remains mainly in traditional products such as textile and shoes, as well as in mechanics and industrial equipment.
The Australian Innovation System
Authors: Gregory Robert G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The distinctive characteristics of the Australian national innovation system are a low level of science and technology expenditure, a high level of government involvement in financing and undertaking research, a low level of private sector research and development, and exceptionally high dependence on foreign technology. The system has evolved in response to three dominant structural features of the economy, which can be detected very early in Australian history and have changed little.
“What Is to Be Done?”
Authors: Tonry Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reduction of racial disparities in the criminal justice system is well within our power. There need be no trade-offs between racial justice and public safety. The program that an honest politician would follow-were visions of Willie Horton-style sloganeering not lurking-is straightforward. First, think about the foreseeable effects of crime control policy decisions on members of minority groups; when policies are likely to burden members of minority groups disproportionately, reconsider the policies. Second, to guard against racial bias in sentencing and against unjustly severe penalties in general, establish systems of presumptive sentencing guidelines for ordinary cases that set maximum penalties, scaled to the severity of offenders’ crimes. Third, recognize the prudence and compassion of our predecessors, and throughout the justice system reestablish presumptions that the least punitive and least restrictive appropriate punishment should be imposed in every case. Fourth, empower judges at sentencing to mitigate sentences for all defendants, irrespective of race, ethnicity, or sex, to take account of individual circumstances. Fifth, celebrate the decent instincts of our predecessors, and reinvest in corrections programs that can help offenders rebuild their lives and enhance their own and their children’s life chances. Sixth, most important of all, be honest; for as long as cynical and disingenuous appeals continue to be made by politicians to the deepest fears and basest instincts of the American people, the prospects of reducing racial disparities in the justice system will remain small.
Disruptive Selection and Population Segmentation: Interpopulation Competition as a Segregating Process
Authors: Amburgey Terry L , Dacin Tina , Kelly Dawn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Why are there so many kinds of organizations?” Hannan and Freeman (1977:936) posed this question in their seminal article on population ecology. Essentially they are asking why we observe variability among organizations. At first, the answer to this question appears obvious: Organizations have different purposes, goals, building blocks, and so on. But this response is incomplete-it does not explain the causal mechanism underlying the process of organizational heterogeneity. To understand organizational heterogeneity fully, two additional components need to be introduced: the assertion of organizational evolution and the theory of natural selection. We refer to organizational evolution as an assertion because it is essentially a descriptive statement about change at multiple levels. Organizations are assumed to come from a common “pool”; over time they “descend with modifications.” Consequently, we see changes occur within populations of organizations (microevolution), or the emergence of different and distinct sub-groups of organizations (speciation), or the evolution of entire populations (macroevolution).1 While evolutionary change is a useful framework, it does not address how the process occurs-for that we need the theory of natural selection.
Strategic Human Resource Management in Mexican Maquiladoras: The Competitive Edge
Authors: Teagarden Mary B , Butler Mark C , Glinow Mary Ann Von 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One reality of the dynamic, interdependent global economy is that manufacturing costs are higher in some countries than in others. In an effort to seek a competitive edge, firms in industrialized countries frequently look offshore for a way to reduce labor and other factor costs, such as energy or plant and equipment expenses. Historically, the “little dragons”—Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, and Hong Kong—were the preferred low-cost off-shore manufacturing sites. But as wages and other costs rose in those countries, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and (to a lesser extent) Vietnam became increasingly attractive choices.
Small and Midsize Enterprises in the United States and East-Central Europe: Common Challenges in the 1990s
Authors: Mann Catherine L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The proposition that small to midsize enterprises in one of the largest industrial market economies and those in countries making the transition to a market economy have something in common does not seem likely at first glance. Moreover, the notion that successful performance of these firms is the key to domestic economic growth also seems far fetched. However, there are several interesting parallels.
International Diversification
Authors: Hoskisson Robert E , Hitt Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The strategy of the Sara Lee Corporation calls for obtaining the highest possible market share in nondurable product lines in global markets. Sara Lee is accomplishing this goal largely through acquisitions of firms in other countries. In recent years it has acquired businesses operating in seven different countries with more than $ billion in annual sales. Most of these acquisitions were in nondurable product lines outside the food business. Sara Lee continues to negotiate for businesses in Italy and Mexico and to search for opportunities in the former Soviet Union. Sara Lee is admired by Wall Street analysts for its global perspective; CEO John H. Bryan foresees the possibility of 4 billion new customers entering the international marketplace and is positioning Sara Lee to service these new customers.
Harnessing the Spirit
Authors: Campbell James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the course of the nineteenth century, the small seed of religious independence sown by Richard Allen and his comrades in Philadelphia blossomed into a great institution. By the time of Allen’s death in 1831, the AME Church boasted congregations in every northern state and several southern ones, with a total membership of more than ten thousand. By the beginning of the Civil War, membership exceeded fifty thousand. In 1896, when the South African AME Church was established, African Methodists numbered nearly half a million, thanks to a vast infusion of southern freedpeople after the Civil War. As the twentieth century dawned, few disputed the assessment of the young W. E. B. Du Bois, whose epochal The Souls of Black Folk characterized the AME Church as “the greatest Negro organization in the world.”
Success, however, carried costs. The dramatic increase in scale wrought profound changes in African Methodism. Inevitably, the church became more structured and hierarchical, as leaders struggled to accommodate tens of thou sands of new members. These changes, in turn, posed fundamental questions about the church’s character and mission—questions that pitted leaders against laity, the learned against the “ignorant,” the free-born against the freed. If we are to understand how the AME Church came to be in South Africa, and what happened to it after it arrived, we need first to understand these transformations and struggles.
The World That Cotton Made
Authors: Howe Daniel Walker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The end of the War of 1812 precipitated one of the great migrations of American history. White settlers eagerly took advantage of Andrew Jackson’s expropriation of 14 million acres from the Creeks. Shortly after signing the Treaty of Fort Jackson, the general sent his topographical engineer to report on the condition of the Alabama River valley. Along his route, Major Howell Tatum could observe farms with all their improvements that had been abandoned by the dispossessed natives (many of whom, ironically, had been Jackson’s allies in the war). The officer concluded in his report that the land was “capable of producing, in great abundance, every article necessary to the sustenance of man or beast.” Jackson encouraged white squatters to move onto the lands immediately, without waiting for survey or legal authorization. In December 1815, President Madison ordered them evicted, but his proclamation proved impossible to enforce. When the army moved people off, they came back again as soon as the soldiers had left.
Harvard’s Transformation
Authors: LaPiana William P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The outlines of the new model law school that Charles William Eliot and Christopher Columbus Langdell created at Harvard are familiar to us today. The ideal institution selects its students through rigorous entrance standards and teaches them using the case method in a graded curriculum that features yearly examinations in each course. Perhaps most important, Langdell’s and Eliot’s new model school claimed to provide the only true method for training future members of the profession. A system of apprenticeship dominated by active members of the profession gave way to academic training dominated by a new division of the profession-full-time teachers of law.
A New Legal Science
Authors: LaPiana William P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Langdell was not alone in thinking about legal science. Langdell’s construct was only one current in a broad stream of change. Even as the new dean was settling into his work in Dane Hall, a small group of young men in the Boston area had been investigating legal science for some years, discussing their findings in a group that would later be known as the Metaphysical Club and publishing some of their work in the American Law Review. Of this group, the most important were Nicholas St. John Green and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. They based their conception of law on the facts of the decided cases, yet they found Langdell’s work unsatisfactory. Holmes’s thought, of course, is often contrasted with Langdell’s to the latter’s detriment. Even so, the three men were closer intellectual companions than generally has been realized. The similarities highlight the importance of the belief in the case as the source of law for understanding nineteenth-century American jurisprudence. The founding generation of case method teachers at Harvard all shared that belief.
Correlation Analysis Between Structural Elements of the Hybrid Model
Authors: Itagaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines correlation among the data obtained for each of the target plants. Specifically, attention will focus upon correlation among the degrees of application for the 23 items composing the hybrid analysis, and between the degree of application for each item and the managerial environment in which the target plants exist. The first step in carrying out this type of analysis is to determine the difference between the item correlation that is expected for the successful international transfer of Japanese management, and the actual item correlation found among the various elements at the local plants. Second, this gap between expected and actual relationships will provide clues for determining which items constitute a bottleneck or hindrance for the transfer of the Japanese system. Third, the same gap will provide material for reexamining and verifying the hybrid model and its underlying assumptions. And fourth, while focusing on the degree of application correlation, it will be possible to define standards for industry and company descriptions, by which to obtain a clearer understanding of the types of enterprises that become established overseas.
Moral Demands in Nonideal Theory
Authors: Murphy Liam B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is there a limit to the legitimate demands of morality? In particular, is there a limit to people’s responsibility to promote the well-being of others, either directly or via social institutions? Utilitarianism admits no such limit, and is for that reason often said to be an unacceptably demanding moral and political view. In this original new study, Murphy argues that the charge of excessive demands amounts to little more than an affirmation of the status quo. The real problem with utilitarianism is that it makes unfair demands on people who comply with it in our world of non-ideal compliance. Murphy shows that this unfairness does not arise on a collective understanding of our responsibility for others’ well being. Thus, according to Murphy, while there is no general problem to be raised about the extent of moral demands, there is a pressing need to acknowledge the collective nature of the demands of beneficence.