bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed His Eyes
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the wide chasm between the federal government’s promises when it came to land redistribution and freedpeople’s extravagant expectations. It considers land ownership as the last phase of the Port Royal Experiment, which was associated with the height of manliness and civilization and was the phase that freedom seekers attempted to control. It also discusses the March 1863 pre-exemption land sales and General William T. Sherman’s Special Field Order No. 15 that set aside 400,000 acres of confiscated land for the settlement of formerly enslaved people. The chapter details how General Rufus Saxton had resettled 20,000 people on 100,000 acres of confiscated lands, noting the freedom seekers from the islands and the mainland that flocked to the all-Black colonies. It mentions President Andrew Johnson, who pardoned former Confederate planters and restored their property after Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.
The Changing Landscape of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ko Heidi , Chang Eric , Canola Marcela Mazo , Tao Zoe , Hughes Daniel , Nelson Krista , Siegel Timothy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the changing landscape of medical, radiation, and surgical oncology as well as palliative care and how these fields have recalibrated their approach during a pandemic. As cancer survivors live longer, greater attention must be paid in order to understand the long-term impact of survival on both patients and their loved ones. This impact should be considered from a “whole person” perspective. Great disparities exist in screening, access, and treatment affecting diverse populations and the vulnerable poor. The costs of cancer care and resulting financial toxicities are essential issues to be addressed. As cancer survivors live longer, support services should be developed that are tailored to their unique needs. An ideal approach to “whole person” cancer care should be transdisciplinary and trans-specialty.
Equity, Racism, Cultural Competence, and Cultural Humility in Oncology Social Work Practice
Authors: Borden Eucharia , Dunn Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite significant advancements in research and treatment, cancer continues to be a challenging public health crisis in the United States. Reducing and eliminating health disparities requires on-going efforts and long-term commitment to addressing imbalanced social systems that perpetuate inequities in access to health care. To improve health care access and the quality of care provided to groups that are historically marginalized, it is important to understand how racism within the health care system continues to shape the experiences of populations disproportionately impacted by cancer. Cultural humility incorporates three dimensions: lifelong learning and a commitment to self-reflection and self-evaluation; redressing power imbalances; and institutional accountability. Achieving health equity through implementing cultural humility means building a culture that centers equity. Oncology social workers have an ethical obligation to challenge social injustice; thus, incorporating dimensions of cultural humility into social work practice enriches provider-patient interactions.
Finding Comfort
Authors: Taub Sara , Hussein Kamel , Puzo Victoria , Webb Jason A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pain and symptom management is a fundamental goal of palliative care services for patients with cancer. Cancer itself, cancer treatments, and the toxicities associated with certain treatments often lead to significant decrements in function and quality of life. This chapter describes the role of the interdisciplinary palliative care team in tending to the whole person through the lens of a biopsychosocial-spiritual model to assess and manage pain and non-pain-related symptoms. It explores ways oncology and palliative care social workers can integrate their expertise and skills for pain and symptom management in collaboration with other members of the interprofessional care team. It also offers an overview of medical concepts underlying interdisciplinary symptom management and treatment-related toxicities.
Interprofessional Spiritual Care Along the Cancer Care Trajectory
Authors: Mattison Debra , Blackburn Sandra , Brady Christopher 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter solidifies the relevance and importance of intentionally and effectively addressing spirituality as a multifaceted, diverse aspect of biopsychosocial spiritual assessment in oncology and palliative care social work. A contextual literature review considers the diverse definitions of spirituality and its differentiation from religion. Ethical principles and patient-preference regarding integration of spirituality into care are presented. Awareness that diverse patients experience spirituality in diverse ways ranging from a source of strength and hope to a source of conflict and harm is noted. Practical applications regarding assessment questions, tools and techniques are provided along with spirituality-focused intervention frameworks and clinical examples. Interprofessional practice (IPP) recognizes the value of collaborative teamwork in recognizing and validating patients’ spirituality. The chapter closes with a call for social workers to self-reflect on their own spiritual history, beliefs and biases in order to initiate, engage, and respond to spirituality as an essential component of holistic practice.
Palliative and Hospice Care at the End of Life
Authors: Newell Jamie , Broussard Stephanie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. Embedding palliative care concurrently into oncologic care adheres to best practices by addressing symptom management, providing greater support for patients and families, and launching earlier discussions of advance care planning to elicit goals of care and prioritize values. Clinicians can support patients and families in meaning making as they cope with serious illness and prepare for end of life. There are several models of palliative care, with services available in multiple settings. Comprehensive palliative care treats total pain, including physical, emotional, spiritual, and existential suffering. The provision of appropriate palliative care to all populations requires cultural humility and accountability. Oncology and palliative care clinicians must continually strive to engage marginalized communities more effectively in order to deliver trauma-informed, holistic treatment.
How Technology Is Transforming Oncology and Palliative Care
Authors: Wong Michael , Cincotta-Eichenfeld A. J , Messner Carolyn , Jadhav Sunita 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The pandemic has amplified the economic, occupational, and health inequalities woven into the fabric of the U.S. landscape, making the intersections of social support, health care information sharing, and digital technologies more relevant, when barriers in access systematically prevent many populations from finding support. Technology enables patients and their loved ones to access state-of-the-art information from cancer organizations offering telephone consultation, webcasts, and podcasts with expert and compassionate leaders in oncology and palliative care. Telehealth can flatten disparities by extending care to those who are housebound or unable to travel; providing easier, cheaper, and less time-consuming access to patients who live farther from care facilities; and increasing access to health care for underserved populations. With newer technology of webinars and Zoom calls, these programs have transformed patients’, caregivers’, and health care professionals’ access to information from experts in oncology and palliative care on the telephone and online.
The Road Less Traveled
Authors: Edwards Korie Little , Kim Rebecca Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEach pastor has their unique story and journey that led them to where they are as heads of multiracial churches. There is indeed variation across their stories. They have their own experiences with family and friends. They come from different parts of the United States and even from around the world. They go to this or that college or seminary. They have their own childhood church experiences. Yet all this happens within a broader context where they make choices about their lives. Those choices are out of an array of opportunities available to them. Their experiences, where they grew up, where they went to school, where they go to college or seminary, whom they befriend and marry, all are happening within a broader structure that guides them in ways beyond them. This chapter highlights these common patterns across the varied stories of how pastors came to lead multiracial churches.
White Pastor Privilege
Authors: Edwards Korie Little , Kim Rebecca Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the experiences of white pastors who head multiracial congregations. Heading a multiracial congregation is challenging for them. No matter who you are, creating a racially and ethnically diverse religious community in a society that is as highly racialized and segregated as the United States is challenging. There is an emotional toll associated with trying to bring people together from different racial and ethnic backgrounds into a single community regardless of whether that person is a white pastor or a pastor of color. However, the difference between white pastors and pastors of color is that white pastors do not experience any problems or disadvantages specifically associated with being white. Instead, white pastors have white privilege—the various unearned assets that go along with being white in a white-normative and white-dominant society. The chapter unravels the basic components of this white pastor privilege and how it advantages white pastors in their role as head clergy of multiracial congregations. The chapter then discusses what white pastors are doing or not doing with this privilege and why.
Agency Needs and Need Deprivation
Authors: Müller Veronika , Gries Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn Chapter 5 we explore why individuals strive to develop and exploit their potential, think positively about themselves, and make autonomous decisions. We seek to understand how a high (and stable) self-esteem, and the conviction that one leads a self-determined life can significantly contribute to psychological well-being, as well as how the perception of mastery and self-efficacy can enhance subjective resilience. In this regard, we also explore the factors that can hinder the formation of a positive self-concept (i.e., factors that deprive individuals of serving their agency needs). Depriving individuals of the possibility to develop a positive self-view, to lead a meaningful and self-determined life, and to achieve goals can lead to unsuccessful coping, which in extreme cases can result in aggression and violence.
Belief Systems and Ideologies as Psychological Need Reconciliation
Authors: Müller Veronika , Gries Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChapter 6 discusses in general terms how ideologies can serve individuals’ human needs by portraying how ideologies, irrespective of their left or right political inclination, provide a mental framework that has palliative and ontological functions. This means that ideologies offer individuals alternative interpretations and explanations of reality that allow them to understand and evaluate the social, economic, and political systems. Having consistent, predictable narratives and beliefs that explain and restore order to a complex world and that assist individuals as to how to perceive and make decisions generates a sense of meaning in life. Hence, all ideologies can be understood as mental meaning-making systems that vary in content and demand. These variations of ideologies address different human needs and preferences so that individuals adopt ideologies that tend to “best” address their underlying needs and preferences. We also include the impact of personality traits on ideological orientation.
Extremist Organizations
Authors: Müller Veronika , Gries Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile Parts I and II describe ideological choices from an individual perspective, Part III—in particular, Chapters 8, 9, and 10—explore the functioning of ideologies from a collective, group-based perspective. We ask questions about how are ideologically oriented groups organized and managed? Are there differences in networking and the organizational structure between secular (mafia), left-wing, right-wing, and religious radical groups? Why is it even necessary to consider groups’ distinct organizational forms? The organizational structure of different ideologies differs in various ways. By providing real-life examples and empirical evidence (where available), we show that the organizational form of a particular ideological group can also address certain human needs. In other words, individuals join groups not only because of their ideology but also because of their distinct organizational form.
Extremist Organizations
Authors: Müller Veronika , Gries Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChapter 9 describes how radical groups and organizations use ideologies to recruit and mobilize individuals. Here we look at the specific recruitment and mobilization strategies and techniques of traditional mafia organizations, followed by right-wing, left-wing, and religious extremist groups and organizations. Social media and the internet play a major role here, not only as an instrument for communication and propaganda, but also as a viable source for recruitment and mobilization. This allows us to understand the different forms of ideologization—the political and religious belief systems that are not only used for strategic or political reasons, but that also operate on a psychological and social level. This implies that individuals may join ideological groups without feeling an intrinsic commitment to the beliefs and ideas involved.
Introduction: The Opportunity of a Generation
Authors: Katz Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Introduction summarizes the book’s main argument: that Japanese economic recovery requires a new generation of entrepreneurs, like the ones that created Japan’s postwar economic miracle. Fortunately, indigenous trends are pushing in that direction. Culture is not the obstacle that some claim it is. Japan created an entrepreneurial society before and can do so again. Globalization is helping; an inordinate number of today’s new entrepreneurs have worked or studied overseas or have worked for a foreign firm. The number of new entrepreneurs is still small, but a mere doubling of founders of new employers from 2% of adults to 4% could make a huge difference. The consequences of today’s stagnation are hiking political pressure for a real solution. Without a productivity revolution, unleashed by innovative new companies, large parts of Japan’s population will continue to suffer declining living standards. This danger is exacerbated by the demographic crunch of aging, which translates into fewer workers to support every retiree.
Who Doesn’t Get to Become an Entrepreneur?
Authors: Katz Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the reasons Japan has so few entrepreneurs is that certain sections of society are de facto excluded. First, older people start fewer new growth-oriented businesses, and Japan is aging. One consequence of aging is that it takes longer for younger people to become managers, and most successful new entrepreneurs have had some managerial experience. A second factor is the dearth of early-stage finance. Unless would-be founders are already rich, they cannot invest enough to start big enough. Those firms that don’t start big enough are less likely to survive. Even if they do survive, they won’t grow as well. Third, women face even higher obstacles than men, from a lack of managerial opportunities at traditional companies to greater difficulty in getting loans from banks. In Japan, there are just two female entrepreneurs for every 10 men, the biggest gender gap among rich countries.
Overcoming the Recruitment Obstacle
Authors: Katz Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Changes in generational attitudes and gender relations are reducing what had long been a huge obstacle to new company growth: the difficulty in recruiting talented, experienced staff and managers. Under the lifetime employment system, once employees had worked for a company for five years, most would continue working there for decades. This pattern was reinforced by company policy: a design engineer leaving Toyota to work at a startup would not be hired by another top manufacturer, let alone a different automaker, if that startup failed. That made joining a startup too risky. In today’s labor shortage, an increasing share of talented people, especially those in their twenties and thirties, are switching jobs in large numbers. As a result, the percentage of firms impelled to accept mid-career hires almost doubled from just 35% in 1994 to 70% in 2019, even at large firms. Meanwhile, women who are denied promotion opportunities at traditional firms are flocking to startups.
The Importance of Being Global
Authors: Katz Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In every country where economic reform has succeeded, globalization has been pivotal. It provides fresh ideas and reduces the power of local vested interests. In some areas, like international trade and foreign investment in the stock market, Japan’s globalization has increased remarkably. In all too many areas, it still lags. Out of 196 countries, Japan ranked dead last in the ratio of cumulative inward foreign direct investment to GDP. Relatively few CEOs in leading companies have had overseas managerial experience. Very few Japanese scientists work overseas or cooperate on papers with scientists from other countries. The United States has a national security interest in Japan’s return to economic vibrance, and US civil society can help, more so than Washington. Some will come from companies and financiers in the form of foreign direct investment, and technological linkages among companies, as well as financial investments by venture capital, private equity funds, and stock market investors. Universities can help by cooperating on entrepreneurial programs.
The Values of Japan’s Postwar Political Economy
Authors: Katz Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Japan’s politics enshrines certain core values, such as equality, opportunity, security, and social cohesion. How these values are translated into policies determines whether they promote or undermine growth. In the high-growth era, growth and those values reinforced each other. Nor was there much need for a government-funded social safety net to protect those falling on hard times. An adverse shift began in the late 1970s in response to the abrupt halving of economic growth following two oil price shocks. The country’s leaders slowed down creative destruction in the name of social stability. The country now needed a government-funded social safety net for working-age people, but it refused to fund it on the pretext that the budget was in crisis. Instead, it made a worker’s current job at his current company the prime backup. That led to voter pressure to prop up zombie firms even at the cost of abandoning equality and security, while turning 40% of the workforce into low-wage laborers.
Japan Can Do It, But Will It?
Authors: Katz Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
If France, considered an anti-entrepreneurial country 25 years ago, can change, why not Japan? The immediate answer is that the measures applied in Japan have not been as well designed and executed as those in France. And the reason for this is that, on economic issues in Japan, so many interest groups have veto power that inertia is often the victor. The common complaint is: Everyone knows something must be done, experts know what to do, but no one actually does very much. But that ignores the many exceptions where political pressures have led to substantial change, though admittedly not enough. Japan’s tragedy is that the country need not change that much to set recovery into motion. For example, the payoff from some of the tax incentives proposed here would be very impactful while causing little disruption. Reform and revival remain an uphill climb, but the positive drivers are the most powerful they’ve been since the lost decades began in 1990.
Building a Monopoly of Force
Authors: Angelo Paul J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 argues that Colombia’s highly centralized security sector enabled the expeditious adoption of Plan Colombia programming and the top-down implementation of security sector reform. In contrast, the bureaucratic division among security providers in Mexico’s federal system complicated efforts to standardize conduct and policies across the security sector during the Mérida Initiative. In Mexico, the absence of a single chain of command, the lack of intragovernmental coordination mechanisms, and the prevalence of corruption contributed to inefficiency and parochialism. This made it difficult for the Mexican government to mount an effective, consolidated response to the growing threat posed by organized crime groups. Despite the decentralization of political power in Colombia with the 1991 Constitution, the national executive’s continued control over the security sector and its concentration in a single ministry minimized the interference of subnational spoilers, which derailed federal-led security sector reform in Mexico.
Introduction and Exposition
Authors: Egeler Matthias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces both the theories and the empirical material that are explored in the book. Its first part gives an introduction to main theories and concepts that play a role throughout the discussion, including “religion,” “the supernatural,” “landscape,” “place,” “space,” and “home,” with particular focus on the different ways these have been conceptualized by classic theorists. Its second part introduces the Strandir region of the Icelandic Westfjords, which serves as the empirical case study with which current and classic theorizing is brought into dialogue. It describes the basic geographical setting of Strandir; religious, economic, and cultural contexts; and the main sources used in the discussion, as well as how the investigation relates to well-established local cultural interests.
Therapy Participation and Adherence
Authors: Bechtold Kathleen T. , Fangman Joe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rehabilitation process is a series of integrated, therapeutic interventions aimed at improving physical, cognitive, emotional, and life functioning that is shepherded by a wide range of clinicians. Therapeutic engagement is a multiphase process that when understood can help rehabilitation clinicians to tailor the therapeutic interactions and treatment plan development to address many of the treatment challenges that can affect engagement and treatment adherence. Rehabilitation professionals can promote therapeutic engagement and treatment adherence through applying the motivational interviewing (MI) spirit and skills during interactions. Through this approach to communication, patients, family members, and fellow team members can be guided to truly engage in the rehabilitation process, resulting in the best possible outcomes that are meaningful to the patient. In this chapter, the MI skills will be reviewed, evoking and scaling questions will be introduced, and case examples will highlight application of these MI skills and tools to promote therapeutic engagement.