bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
French healthcare students and antibiotics: are they ready to promote their appropriate use?
Authors: Slekovec Céline , Lepiller Quentin , Anxionnat Raphaël , Mouillet Sophie , Ferreira David , Guillaume Agnès , Kubicki Alexandre , Le Bourvellec Lara , Maitre Doriane , Meurisse Aurélia , August Miguel Joseph , Bertrand Xavier , Moulin Thierry , Bouiller Kevin , Nerich Virginie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
French healthcare students are required to carry out primary prevention interventions as part of the Healthcare Service by Healthcare Students (HSHS). The purpose of this study was to explore students’ perceptions of preparedness to address the public’s concerns about antibiotic use and how their perceptions changed after implementing their intervention.

Methods
A questionnaire was sent twice during the 2020–2021 academic year to 920 multidisciplinary healthcare students (nursing, medicine, physiotherapy, pharmacy and midwifery students) enrolled in the HSHS in Franche-Comté (HSHS-FC).

Results
This study included 870/920 students (94.6%). Medical and pharmacy students were the most concerned about the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Before enrollment in the HSHS-FC, 463 of the 870 students included (53.2%) reported having sufficient knowledge about antibiotics to lead preventive interventions, reaching 87.9% (58/66) for pharmacy students. Despite this relative lack of knowledge, 77.2% of students felt confident to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics in the healthcare service context. This rate ranged from 68.0% (17/25) for midwifery students to 93.9% (62/66) for pharmacy students. Irrespective of the topic of the intervention, students significantly improved their knowledge and ability to promote antibiotic use after training in the HSHS-FC.

Conclusions
Theoretical prerequisites and a feeling of concern vary widely depending on the curriculum. The HSHS-FC promotes multidisciplinary collaboration and can contribute to improving students’ knowledge. The support of an expert in antimicrobial resistance may be necessary to validate the content of the interventions proposed by the students.
Optically thick structure in early B-type supergiant stellar winds at low metallicities
Authors: Parsons Timothy N , Prinja Raman K , Bernini-Peron Matheus , Fullerton Alex W , Massa Derck L , Oskinova Lidia M , Pauli Daniel , Rickard Matthew J , Sander Andreas A C 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Accurate determination of mass-loss rates from massive stars is important to understand stellar and galactic evolution and enrichment of the interstellar medium. Large-scale structure and variability in stellar winds have significant effects on mass-loss rates. Time-series observations provide direct quantification of such variability. Observations of this nature are available for some Galactic early supergiant stars but not yet for stars in lower metallicity environments such as the Magellanic Clouds. We utilize ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope ULLYSES program to demonstrate that the presence of structure in stellar winds of supergiant stars at low metallicities may be discerned from single-epoch spectra. We find evidence that, for given stellar luminosities and mean stellar wind optical depths, structure is more prevalent at higher metallicities. We confirm, at Large Magellanic Cloud (0.5 Z⊙), Small Magellanic Cloud (0.2 Z⊙), and lower (0.14–0.1 Z⊙) metallicities, earlier Galactic results that there does not appear to be correlation between the degree of structure in stellar winds of massive stars and stellar effective temperature. Similar lack of correlation is found with regard to terminal velocity of stellar winds. Additional and revised values for radial velocities of stars and terminal velocities of stellar winds are presented. Direct evidence of temporal variability, on time-scales of several days, in stellar wind at low metallicity is found. We illustrate that narrow absorption components in wind-formed profiles of Galactic OB stellar spectra remain common in early B supergiant spectra at low metallicities, providing means for better constraining hot, massive star mass-loss rates.
The chaotic four-body problem in Newtonian gravity – II. An ansatz-based approach to analytical solutions
Authors: Barrera Retamal Carlos M , Leigh Nathan W C , Stone Nicholas C 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we continue our analysis of the chaotic four-body problem and our study of binary–binary interactions in star clusters. We present a general ansatz-based analytical treatment using statistical mechanics, where each outcome of the four-body problem is regarded as some variation of the three-body problem. For example, when two single stars are produced (the 2 + 1 + 1 outcome), each ejection event is modelled as its own three-body interaction by assuming that the ejections are well separated in time. This is a generalization of the approach adopted in Paper I, based on the density-of-states formalism. There are three possible outcomes for the four-body problem with negative total energies: 2 + 2, 2 + 1 + 1, and 3 + 1. For each outcome, we apply an ansatz-based approach to deriving analytical distribution functions that describe the properties of the products of chaotic four-body interactions involving point particles. To test our theoretical distributions, we perform a set of scattering simulations in the equal-mass point-particle limit using FEWBODY, where we vary the initial ratio of binary semimajor axes. We compare our final theoretical distributions to the simulations for each particular scenario, finding consistently good agreement between the two. The highlights of our results include that binary–binary scatterings act to systematically destroy binaries producing instead a binary and two ejected stars (when the initial binary semimajor axes are similar) or a stable triple (when the initial semimajor axes are very different). The 2 + 2 outcome produces the widest binaries, and the 2 + 1 + 1 outcome produces the most compact binaries.
Optimizing the gravitational tree algorithm for many-core processors
Authors: Tokuue Tomoyuki , Ishiyama Tomoaki 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Gravitational N-body simulations calculate numerous interactions between particles. The tree algorithm reduces these calculations by constructing a hierarchical oct-tree structure and approximating gravitational forces on particles. Over the last three decades, the tree algorithm has been extensively used in large-scale simulations, and its parallelization in distributed memory environments has been well studied. However, recent supercomputers are equipped with many CPU cores per node, and optimizations of the tree construction in shared memory environments are becoming crucial. We propose a novel tree construction method in contrast to the conventional top-down approach. It first creates all leaf cells without traversing the tree and then constructs the remaining cells by a bottom-up approach. We evaluated the performance of our novel method on the supercomputer Fugaku and an Intel machine. On a single thread, our method accelerates one of the most time-consuming processes of the conventional tree construction method by a factor of above 3.0 on Fugaku and 2.2 on the Intel machine. Furthermore, as the number of threads increases, our parallel tree construction time reduces considerably. Compared to the conventional sequential tree construction method, we achieve a speed up of over 45 on 48 threads of Fugaku and more than 56 on 112 threads of the Intel machine. In stark contrast to the conventional method, the tree construction with our method no longer constitutes a bottleneck in the tree algorithm, even when using many threads.
Transmission Bottleneck Size Estimation from De Novo Viral Genetic Variation
Authors: Shi Yike Teresa , Harris Jeremy D , Martin Michael A , Koelle Katia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sequencing of viral infections has become increasingly common over the last decade. Deep sequencing data in particular have proven useful in characterizing the roles that genetic drift and natural selection play in shaping within-host viral populations. They have also been used to estimate transmission bottleneck sizes from identified donor–recipient pairs. These bottleneck sizes quantify the number of viral particles that establish genetic lineages in the recipient host and are important to estimate due to their impact on viral evolution. Current approaches for estimating bottleneck sizes exclusively consider the subset of viral sites that are observed as polymorphic in the donor individual. However, these approaches have the potential to substantially underestimate true transmission bottleneck sizes. Here, we present a new statistical approach for instead estimating bottleneck sizes using patterns of viral genetic variation that arise de novo within a recipient individual. Specifically, our approach makes use of the number of clonal viral variants observed in a transmission pair, defined as the number of viral sites that are monomorphic in both the donor and the recipient but carry different alleles. We first test our approach on a simulated dataset and then apply it to both influenza A virus sequence data and SARS-CoV-2 sequence data from identified transmission pairs. Our results confirm the existence of extremely tight transmission bottlenecks for these 2 respiratory viruses.
Research progress on the association between trimethylamine/trimethylamine-N-oxide and neurological disorders
Authors: Xie Lizheng , Pan Li , Liu Baiyun , Cheng Hongwei , Mao Xiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a common intestinal metabolite. The Choline in the nutrient forms TMA under the action of the gut microbiota, which passes through the liver and eventually forms TMAO. Initial studies of TMAO focused on cardiovascular disease, but as research progressed, TAMO's effects were found to be multisystem and closely related to the development of neurological diseases. Intestinal tract is the organ with the largest concentration of bacteria in human body, and the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota affect human health. As a two-way communication axis connecting the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the brain-gut axis provides the structural basis for TMAO to play its role. This article will review the correlation between TMA/TMAO and neurological diseases in order to find new directions and new targets for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Development and Evaluation of a Cognitive Battery for People With Schizophrenia in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebreegziabhere Yohannes , Habatmu Kassahun , Cella Matteo , Alem Atalay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Cognitive difficulties significantly burdened people with schizophrenia (PWS). However, cognitive assessment is often unavailable in low- and middle-income counties (LMICs) due to a lack of validated and culturally adapted cognitive assessment tools. In this study, we developed and evaluated a culturally sensitive cognitive battery for PWS in Ethiopia.

Study Design
This study was conducted in three phases. First, we selected appropriate tests through an instrument selection procedure and created a new battery. Then, we rigorously adapted the tests using culturally competent procedures, including cognitive interviewing and expert meetings. Finally, we tested the new battery in 208 PWS and 208 controls. We evaluated its psychometric properties using advanced statistical techniques, including Item Response Theory (IRT).

Study Results
The Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery for Schizophrenia (ECAS) was developed from three different batteries. Participants reported tests were easy to complete, and the raters found them easy to administer. All tests had good inter-rater reliability, and the composite score had very high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91). One-factor structure better represented the data with excellent internal consistency (α = .81). ECAS significantly differentiated PWS from controls with 77% sensitivity and 62% specificity at a Z-score ≤0.12 cut-off value. IRT analysis suggested that the battery functions best among moderately impaired participants (difficulty between −0.06 and 0.66).

Conclusions
ECAS is a practical, tolerable, reliable, and valid assessment of cognition. ECAS can supplement current assessment tools in LAMICs for PWS and can be used to measure cognitive intervention outcomes.
Adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale–Short Form in a sample of Chinese women
Authors: Wu Chanchan , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Chau Pui Hing , Štulhofer Aleksandar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundExisting research on sexual satisfaction has been carried out primarily in Western samples, lacking insights from less sexually permissive cultures such as China, particularly in the case of heterosexual and sexual minority women.AimThis study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale–Short Form (NSSS-S) in a sample of Chinese women with diverse sexual identities.MethodsThe standard forward-backward translation procedure and cognitive debriefing were conducted to translate the NSSS-S into Mandarin Chinese (NSSS-SC). The psychometric properties of the NSSS-SC were assessed in this cross-sectional survey.OutcomesThe primary outcome measure was the NSSS-S. The World Health Organization Quality of Life–Abbreviated Form, the Positive Sexuality Scale, the Female Sexual Function Index, and a single-item measure of sexual satisfaction were used to test the measure’s validity.ResultsA total of 336 Chinese women were recruited, with an average age of 26.82 years (SD, 6.03; range, 18-56). The 1-dimensional model had a good fit to the data and was invariant across 2 sexual identity groups (cisgender heterosexual and sexual minority women) and age. The NSSS-SC had good reliability; no significant floor and ceiling effects were observed. We found moderate to strong correlations between the NSSS-SC scores and the sexual satisfaction, sexual function, positive sexuality, and quality-of-life indicators. On average, cisgender heterosexual women were characterized by higher sexual satisfaction scores when compared with sexual minority women.Clinical TranslationThe NSSS-SC can be used as a reliable and culturally appropriate measure of sexual satisfaction in women of different ages and sexual identities, which could be used in future sex-related surveys.Strengths and LimitationsThis study is the first to translate the NSSS-S into Chinese and validate the NSSS-SC in a sample of Chinese women with varied sexual identities. However, this study recruited only female participants; future studies should also validate the NSSS-SC in Chinese men.ConclusionThe NSSS-SC is linguistically equivalent to the original scale and has solid psychometric properties, which can be used to assess sexual satisfaction levels in diverse samples of Chinese women.
Trends in engagement with cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain conditions after referral
Authors: Kozel Giovanni , Leary Owen P , Losee Yasemin , Ma Kevin L , Carayannopoulos Alexios G , Morris Julie , McLaughlin Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) is an important evidence-based non-pharmacologic treatment for chronic back and neck pain that is frequently recommended as a component of multidisciplinary treatment. However, the success of CBP-CP’s implementation in clinical settings is affected by a variety of poorly understood obstacles to patient engagement with CBT-CP. Expanding upon the limited prior research conducted in heterogeneous practice settings, this study examines patterns of treatment initiation for CBT-CP at an interdisciplinary, hospital-based chronic pain practice and conducts exploratory comparisons between groups of patients who did and did not engage in CBT-CP after receiving a referral. Patients’ descriptive data, including pain severity, work status, prior therapy, and behavioral health questionnaire scores at intake visit, were obtained through a retrospective chart review of electronic medical records. Data were then analyzed using inter-group comparisons and logistic regression modeling to determine factors that predicted treatment initiation for CBT-CP. On multivariate analysis, we found that patient’s depression level as measured by their Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) score was solely predictive of treatment initiation, as chronic pain patients with a higher level of depression were found to be more likely to attend their recommended appointments of CBT-CP. Anxiety score as measured by GAD-7, work status, pain scores, and prior therapy engagement were not independently predictive. No single “profile” of patient-level factors was found to delineate patients who did and did not initiate CBT-CP, demonstrating the limitations of clinical variables as predictors of uptake.
Clinical Implications of Atrial Fibrillation Provoked by Acetylcholine
Authors: Shibata Keita , Wakabayashi Kohei , Ikeda Naoko , Ishinaga Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Yuta , Asakawa Masaki , Aizawa Naoki , Shimazu Suguru , Furuya Takahiro , Nakamura Yuya , Sato Chisato , Nishikura Tenjin , Shiigai Masaru , Mutou Mitsunori , Honye Junko , Tanno Kaoru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronary spasm provocation test using acetylcholine (ACh) is useful for diagnosing vasospastic angina (VSA). Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) during ACh testing is frequent and usually transient. However, the clinical implications of PAF provoked by ACh is unknown. Deterioration of the left atrial (LA) reservoir strain is associated with new-onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) and fibrosis of the left atrium; additionally, ACh shortens the action potential duration and facilitates AF in the fibrotic atria in the human AF model. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between LA function and occurrence of AF during the ACh test.MethodsWe studied a consecutive cohort of 100 patients (60.1±14.5 years, 39 women) without history of AF who underwent the ACh test in our centers from 2015 to 2022. Echocardiographic data were available for all the patients. PAF was defined as lasting >30 s during the ACh test. Based on the occurrence of AF during the ACh test, the patients were divided into two groups: provoked PAF group (n=29) vs. non AF group (n=71). LA function was assessed via two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Occurrences of spontaneous AF were recorded as clinical events during long-term follow-up.ResultsThe observation period was 675 (114.5-1789.5) days, and 65 patients (65%) were tested positive in the ACh test and diagnosed with VSA. LA volume index was similar between provoked PAF and non AF groups (26.9±7.4 mL/m2vs. 27.1±8.5 mL/m2,p=0.89). In contrast, LA reservoir (27.6±5.2% vs. 34.8±6.8%,p<0.001) and conduit (13.4±5.1% vs. 18.4±6.2%,p<0.001) strain were significantly lower in provoked PAF group than in non AF group. The provoked PAF group had a lower LA booster strain (14.1±5.6% vs. 16.4±6.3%,p=0.093) than non AF group. A multiple regression analysis showed that LA reservoir strain was independently associated with the provoked PAF during ACh test (OR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.91,p<0.001). In the provoked PAF group, spontaneous AF occurred in three patients (10.3%), one of whom was treated with pulmonary vein isolation, whereas there were no events of PAF in the non AF group.ConclusionThe occurrence of PAF during the ACh test suggests dysfunction of left atria and may predict future PAF.
Rapid submillimeter QSM and R2*mapping using interleaved multi-shot 3D-EPI at 7 and 3 Tesla
Authors: Stirnberg Rüdiger , Deistung Andreas , Reichenbach Jürgen R. , Breteler Monique M. B. , Stöcker Tony 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeTo explore the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency of interleaved multi-shot 3D-EPI for fast and robust high-resolution whole-brain quantitative susceptibility (QSM) andmapping at 7T and 3T.MethodsSingle- and multi-TE segmented 3D-EPI is combined with conventional CAIPIRINHA undersampling for up to 72-fold effective gradient echo (GRE) imaging acceleration. Across multiple averages, scan parameters are varied (e.g. dual-polarity frequency-encoding) to additionally correct forB0-induced artifacts, geometric distortions and motion retrospectively. A comparison to established GRE protocols is made. Resolutions range from 1.4mm isotropic (1 multi-TE average in 36s) up to 0.4mm isotropic (2 single-TE averages in approximately 6 minutes) with whole-head coverage.ResultsOnly 1-4 averages are needed for sufficient SNR with 3D-EPI, depending on resolution and field strength. Fast scanning and small voxels together with retrospective corrections result in substantially reduced image artifacts, which improves susceptibility andmapping. Additionally, much finer details are obtained in susceptibility-weighted image projections through significantly reduced partial voluming.ConclusionUsing interleaved multi-shot 3D-EPI, single-TE and multi-TE data can readily be acquired 10 times faster than with conventional, accelerated GRE imaging. Even 0.4mm isotropic whole-head QSM within 6 minutes becomes feasible at 7T. At 3T, motion-robust and distortion-free 0.8mm isotropic whole-brain QSM andmapping in less than 7 minutes becomes clinically feasible. Stronger gradient systems may allow for even higher effective acceleration rates through larger EPI factors while maintaining optimal contrast.
Five dominant dimensions of brain aging are identified via deep learning: associations with clinical, lifestyle, and genetic measures
Authors: Yang Zhijian , Wen Junhao , Erus Guray , Govindarajan Sindhuja T. , Melhem Randa , Mamourian Elizabeth , Cui Yuhan , Srinivasan Dhivya , Abdulkadir Ahmed , Parmpi Paraskevi , Wittfeld Katharina , Grabe Hans J. , Bülow Robin , Frenzel Stefan , Tosun Duygu , Bilgel Murat , An Yang , Yi Dahyun , Marcus Daniel S. , LaMontagne Pamela , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Heckbert Susan R. , Austin Thomas R. , Waldstein Shari R. , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B. , Launer Lenore J. , Sotiras Aristeidis , Espeland Mark A. , Masters Colin L. , Maruff Paul , Fripp Jurgen , Toga Arthur , O’Bryant Sid , Chakravarty Mallar M. , Villeneuve Sylvia , Johnson Sterling C. , Morris John C. , Albert Marilyn S. , Yaffe Kristine , Völzke Henry , Ferrucci Luigi , Bryan Nick R. , Shinohara Russell T. , Fan Yong , Habes Mohamad , Lalousis Paris Alexandros , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Wolk David A. , Resnick Susan M. , Shou Haochang , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Davatzikos Christos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBrain aging is a complex process influenced by various lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors, as well as by age-related and often co-existing pathologies. MRI and, more recently, AI methods have been instrumental in understanding the neuroanatomical changes that occur during aging in large and diverse populations. However, the multiplicity and mutual overlap of both pathologic processes and affected brain regions make it difficult to precisely characterize the underlying neurodegenerative profile of an individual from an MRI scan. Herein, we leverage a state-of-the art deep representation learning method, Surreal-GAN, and present both methodological advances and extensive experimental results that allow us to elucidate the heterogeneity of brain aging in a large and diverse cohort of 49,482 individuals from 11 studies. Five dominant patterns of neurodegeneration were identified and quantified for each individual by their respective (herein referred to as) R-indices. Significant associations between R-indices and distinct biomedical, lifestyle, and genetic factors provide insights into the etiology of observed variances. Furthermore, baseline R-indices showed predictive value for disease progression and mortality. These five R-indices contribute to MRI-based precision diagnostics, prognostication, and may inform stratification into clinical trials.