bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Gastrostomy Versus Open Gastrostomy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Lydiatt Daniel D. , Murayama Kenric M. , Hollins Ronald R. , Thompson Jon S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlimentation in the surgically treated head and neck cancer patient frequently requires bypassing the upper aerodigestive tract. The laparoscopic gastrostomy fulfills this criterion. The authors compared 25 laparoscopic gastrostomies (group 1) with 18 open gastrostomies (group 2) performed on head and neck cancer patients. The length of operation, morbidity, mortality, and cost were evaluated. Operative time was significantly shorter in group 1 (40± 2 minutes) than in group 2 (56 ± 4 minutes), with P=.003. The major complication rate was 9% for group 1 and 11% for group 2. There was no procedure‐related mortality in group 1, but 1 patient died in the immediate postoperative period in group 2. The cost was not significantly different. It is concluded that the laparoscopic gastrostomy is a safe and cost‐effective alternative to open gastrostomy in this patient group.
Galvanic‐Induced Postural Movements As a Test of Vestibular Function in Humans
Authors: Cass Stephen P. , Redfern Mark S. , Furman Joseph M. , DiPasquale James J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGalvanic stimulation produces postural sway and eye movements in humans. Since galvanic currents are thought to exert their effect at the trigger zone of the vestibular nerve, an intact vestibular nerve should be necessary to produce a response. We have used galvanic stimulation in humans to test the hypothesis that intact vestibular nerve fibers are required to obtain a postural sway response. Experimental subjects included normal subjects, patients who had undergone resection of an acoustic neuroma, and patients who had undergone vestibular neurectomy and surgical labyrinthectomy. Our results support the hypothesis that an intact vestibular nerve is necessary to produce a response. Moreover, two patients with recurrent vertigo following vestibular neurectomy and labyrinthectomy, who had absent ice‐water caloric test responses in the operated ears, were found to have a positive galvanic response. This result suggested that their recurrent vertigo was based on intact residual vestibular nerve fibers. Although previous research has not yielded a routine clinical use for galvanic stimulation, our results suggest that galvanic stimulation of the vestibular system can provide unique and valuable diagnostic information.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression by Acoustic Neuromas
Authors: Sturgis Erich M. , Woll Sandra S. , Aydin Faruk , Marrogi Aizen J. , Amedee Ronald G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAntibodies directed against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) impede proliferation and induce differentiation of EGFr‐positive cancers. To explore the effectiveness of anti‐EGFr monoclonal antibodies on acoustic neuromas (ANs), we first sought to evaluate EGFr expression by ANs. The records of all patients with the diagnosis of AN at our institution from January 1989 to July 1994 were reviewed.Immunohistochemical analysis for EGFr was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded archival surgical specimens. Skin, liver, and placenta were used as positive tissue controls. Purified rabbit immunoglobulin G replacing the experimental antibody acted as a negative control, and normal eighth cranial nerve was evaluated for background staining. Slides were scored as 0,+, ++, or +++ and for percentage of positive cells by two pathologists, with Antoni A and Antoni B areas scored separately. Results demonstrate that most tumors are revealed to be EGFr positive with a mild degree of staining. Antoni A areas generally have greater staining than Antoni B regions, while normal eighth cranial nerves demonstrate minimal background staining. These results suggest that ANs express low levels of EGFr, with Antoni A areas having the highest levels. While further studies may more accurately quantitate EGFr levels in these tumors, the clinical efficacy of anti‐EGFr‐based therapies for ANs seems doubtful.
Epidermal Differentiation in the Human External Auditory Meatus
Authors: Vennix P.P.C.A. , Kuijpers W. , Peters T.A. , Tonnaer E.L.G.M. , Ramaekers F.C.S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe differentiation of epidermis in the various parts of the human ear canal was documented on the basis of cytokeratin (Ck) expression patterns. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cryostat sections of normal meatal skin using a comprehensive panel of monospecific Ck antibodies representing the main lines of epithelial differentiation.The epidermis of the cartilaginous part showed a Ck profile characteristic of normal skin type differentiation. The deep meatal skin, including the tympanic membrane, showed a peculiar type of differentiation: in addition to epidermal Cks, hyperproliferation‐associated Cks 6, 16, and 17 were expressed in the suprabasal cells, while the simple epithelial cell marker Ck 19 was found in the basal cells.The presence of hyperproliferative Cks in the deep meatal skin could only partly be related to areas of proliferative activity. Keratinocytes, which express markers of hyperproliferation, are migratory. Therefore, their presence in the meatal skin is likely to be related to the peculiar pattern of keratinocyte migration, the purpose of which is to keep the meatus free from desquamation products.
Regeneration of the Damaged Endolymphatic Sac Epithelium
Authors: Takahashi Mitsuaki , Tomiyama Shun‐ichi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe regeneration of endolymphatic sac (ES) epithelium after epithelial damage was examined using 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Guinea pigs and anti‐BrdUrd, antikeratin, and anti‐basement membrane (BM) component antibodies were used. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, and 14 days following an immune injury of the ES. The animals were sacrificed after an administration of BrdUrd at the designated times. Decalcified temporal bones were examined immunohistochemically. At day 3, epithelial loss without subepithelial BM was seen in the region of marked cell infiltration. BrdUrd‐positive cells could be detected in the epithelium at the edge of the wound. At day 7, cell infiltration decreased, and the epithelial lining with BM was repaired. These results reveal that the epithelium of the ES can regenerate within 7 days after an immune injury.Laryngoscope, 106:619‐623, 1996
Influence of Chemical Allograft Preservation Procedures on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bujía Jesús , Wilmes Eberhard , Kastenbauer Ernst , Gürtler Lutz 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSince chemically preserved allogenic transplants have an established place in reconstructive procedures, the possibility of transferring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with these transplants has been intensively discussed. In this study the authors obtained brain and spleen samples from six HIV‐infected cadavers and preserved them with Merthiolate, Cialit, and formaldehyde. After preservation, the tissues were examined for proviral HIV‐1 DNA (gag, pol, env) using the polymerase chain reaction. Proviral sequences were clearly demonstrated after the preservation procedure.The results of this study indicate that HIV remains in tissues that have been treated with Merthiolate, formaldehyde, or Cialit. Further investigations are necessary to determine if the virus is in an inactivated or activated form. It can be concluded that, because of the possible transmission of HIV by chemically preserved homografts, serologic screening of donors should be mandatory.Laryngoscope, 106:645‐647, 1996
General Anesthesia With and Without Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and the Weight of Middle Ear Effusion in Children Undergoing Adenoidectomy and Tympanostomy
Authors: Koivunen Petri , Alho O‐P. , Uhari M. , Partanen A. , Luotonen J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to explore the effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) on the amount of middle ear effusion. Seventy‐six children referred for adenoidectomy or tympanostomy tube placement were divided into two groups in the basis of the method of anesthesia. One group of 39 children was ventilated with a mixture of 30% oxygen and 70% nitrous oxide, while the other group of 37 patients was ventilated with a mixture of oxygen and air. The amounts of middle ear effusion obtained in myringotomy were weighed and compared between these groups. Preoperative and perioperative tympanograms were performed.Ventilation with nitrous oxide caused a distinct rise in middle ear pressure. The amount of the middle ear effusion, however, remained the same in the two groups. It is concluded that the operating surgeon can rely on the myringotomy finding even when nitrous oxide anesthesia is used.
Predicting Distant Failure in Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Koukourakis Michael I. , Whitehouse Routh M. , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Saunders Mark , Kaklamanis Loukas 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn a prospective study of 78 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, we examined the prognostic significance of T stage, histology, parapharyngeal involvement, and lymph node dimensions, size, and level concerning distant metastasis. All patients were treated with radical radiotherapy alone and completed 3 to 7 years of follow‐up. In univariate analysis of time to metastasis, there was a significant difference stratifying for T stage (T1 and 2 versus T3 and 4), node dimensions (less than 6 versus more than or equal to 6 cm), neck level (above versus below the thyroid notch), and parapharyngeal involvement, but not for bilaterality of lymphadenopathy. Histology was an important prognostic factor related to distant metastasis since none of the 24 World Health Organization class I cases showed distant metastasis versus 14 (26%) of 54 patients with World Health Organization class II/III carcinoma. A multivariate duration model of time to metastasis within the later histologic group suggested that lymph node dimensions, node level, and T stage were the most important factors related to distant metastases, with the hazard ratios being 3.98, 3.23, and 1.76, respectively. Multivariate analysis within the T3‐ to T4‐stage group showed that node dimension was the only significant variable, with an associated hazard ratio of 4.09. Cases with upper‐neck lymphadenopathy and node dimensions of less than 6 cm had a distant metastasis rate of <5%. We conclude that adjuvant chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer is justified in T3‐ and T4‐staged cases with nonkeratinizing or undifferentiated histology and with lymph nodes larger than 6 cm and/or located below the thyroid notch.
Evaluation of a New Laser‐Resistant Fabric and Copper Foil‐Wrapped Endotracheal Tube
Authors: Sosis Mitchel B. , Braverman Berton , Caldarelli David D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe risk of an endotracheal tube's combustion during laser airway surgery necessitates the use of special anesthetic techniques and equipment to prevent this complication. This study was designed to evaluate the Laser‐Trach™, a new laser‐resistant rubber endotracheal tube for use during laser airway surgery.The Laser‐Trach endotracheal tubes that were evaluated were size 6.0 mm internal diameter (ID) red rubber endotracheal tubes which had been commercially wrapped by Kendall‐Sheridan (Mansfield, Mass.) with copper foil tape and overwrapped with fabric. The fabric layer was saturated with water prior to our tests, as recommended by the manufacturer. The Laser‐Trach endotracheal tubes were compared with plain (bare) size 6.0 mm ID Rusch red rubber endotracheal tubes. The tubes under study were positioned horizontally on wet towels in air and had 5 L•min−1 of oxygen flowing through them. They were subjected to continuous laser radiation at 40 W from either a CO2 or an Nd‐YAG laser. The Nd‐YAG laser was propagated via a 600‐μm fiber bundle. Each laser was directed perpendicularly at the shaft of the endotracheal tube being studied, and its output was continued until a blowtorch fire occurred or 60 seconds had elapsed.Sixty seconds of CO2 laser fire did not ignite any of the eight Laser‐Trach endotracheal tubes tested. However, blowtorch ignition of all eight bare rubber tubes tested occurred after 0.87 ± 0.21 (mean ±SD) seconds of CO2 laser fire. Nd‐YAG laser contact with the Laser‐Trach endotracheal tubes caused the perforation and blowtorch ignition of all eight tubes tested after 18.79 ± 7.83 seconds. This was a significantly (P<.05) longer time than the 5.45 ± 4.75 seconds required for the blowtorch ignition of all eight plain rubber endotracheal tubes tested with the Nd‐YAG laser.Our results show that under the conditions of this study, the shafts of the Kendall‐Sheridan Laser‐Trach endotracheal tubes were resistant to the CO2 laser. However, this endotracheal tube is not recommended for use with the Nd‐YAG laser.Laryngoscope, 106:842‐844, 1996
Neonatal Mesenchyme Temporal Bone Study: Typical Receding Pattern Versus Increase in Potter's Sequence
Authors: Piza Jorge E. , Northrop Clarinda C. , Eavey Roland D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe fate of mesenchyme, which lines the fetal and newborn bony middle ear, is not well understood. The authors wished to test previous observations that a greater amount of mesenchyme was found in Potter's sequence (renal anomalies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and oligohydramnios). Using celloidin‐embedded neonatal temporal bones (68 cases, 123 ears), with clinical and autopsy information, middle ear volumes were compared among diagnostic groups using analysis of variance. In 16 ears of Potter's sequence cases the volume of mesenchyme increased in proportion to the size of the middle ear. Conversely, in all other cases the volume of mesenchyme remained constant compared to increasing middle ear size. Both the volume of the bony middle ear and the volume of the air cavity increased at 15 mm3/500 g of body weight (gbw). Mesenchyme percentage decreased by 2%/500 gbw.Middle ear mesenchyme appears to recede rather than reabsorb. However, in Potter's sequence cases the volume of mesenchyme increases, raising issues of a missing renal signal that inhibits mesenchymal growth under normal circumstances.Laryngoscope, 106:856‐864, 1996
The Incidence of Micrometastases in Neck Dissection Specimens Obtained From Elective Neck Dissections
Authors: van den Brekel Michiel W.M. , van der Waal Isaäc , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , Freeman Jeremy L. , Castelijns Jonas A. , Snow Gordon B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlthough modern imaging techniques become more accurate for the assessment of lymph node metastases in the neck as criteria and technology evolve, micrometastases remain occult with any technique. Even the routine histopathological examination of neck dissection specimens is unable to detect all micrometastases. Because knowledge on the incidence of micrometastases in the clinically N0 neck might be of importance for decision making regarding elective treatment, a retrospective study on 96 elective neck dissections was conducted. Meticulous histopathological examination of the neck dissection specimens yielded 3092 lymph nodes of which 67 (2.2%) were tumor‐positive. Twenty‐six of these 67 lymph node metastases were micrometastases. Of the 36 tumor‐positive neck dissection specimens, 21 contained micrometastases. In 9 tumor‐positive specimens only micrometastases were found. This high incidence of micrometastases has important implications for the diagnostic work‐up, the treatment, and histopathological examination of the N0 neck.
Reduction of Endotoxin‐Induced Inflammation of the Middle Ear by Polymyxin B
Authors: Darrow David H. , Keithley Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEndotoxin (ET) is an aggregate of lipo‐oligosac‐charide and protein found in the cell wall of gramnegative bacteria. A potent mediator of inflammatory responses, ET has been detected in middle ear effusions from patients with otitis media with effusion and chronic suppurative otitis media and used to induce inflammation of the middle ear mucosa and disruption of mucociliary transport in experimental animals.Polymyxin B, a polypeptide antibiotic, has been shown to bond to and inactivate the ET molecule. This study investigated the efficacy of polymyxin B as a modulator of the inflammatory response to endotoxin in the middle ear. In a guinea pig model, cellular infiltrate, effusion volume, and mucosal edema in response to ET were reduced in the presence of polymyxin B. These results suggest a potential role for the use of polymyxin B in the management of middle ear effusion.
Apneic Anesthesia With Intermittent Ventilation for Microsurgery of the Upper Airway
Authors: Weisberger Edward C. , Emhardt John D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractApneic anesthesia with intermittent ventilation (AAIV) has been used in 250 procedures on the larynx and trachea at Indiana University Medical Center since October 1989. Initially employed for laryngeal papilloma removal in children, this anesthetic technique is now used for other procedures and in adult patients. The advantages of AAIV include improved visualization of the airway, absence of combustible material, and lack of vocal cord motion during surgery.No significant complications have occurred with AAIV. The high degree of safety for this anesthetic technique relates largely to the constant monitoring of oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry and the periodic measurement of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Contraindications to AAIV are age less than 2 years, significant cardiopulmonary disease, and any hypermetabolic state. Relevant pulmonary physiology includes the unique aspects of oxygen and CO2 metabolism in children.
Projected Societal Needs in Pediatric Otolaryngology
Authors: Zalzal George H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWith the recent increase in pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training programs, fellows are being trained in record numbers and there is concern about the possibility that the supply of these physicians will soon exceed societal needs. This study was conducted to determine the number of fellowship‐trained pediatric otolaryngologists that would meet the needs of society and when this need will be met. Information was collected from national organizations and from a survey of fellowship training programs. A hospital‐based practitioner model was used to predict societal needs based on the anticipated changes in patient care, mainly managed‐care capitated systems. The projected societal need is 382 pediatric otolaryngologists. If current fellowship training levels continue, this need will be met in just over 7 years.
Efficacy of Transcutaneous Computed Tomography‐Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Patients With Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Probable Failed Radiation Therapy, and Negative Transmucosal Biopsies
Authors: Citardi Martin J. , Abrahams James J. , Flynn Stuart , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFor patients with suspected recurrent/persistent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), routine transmucosal biopsies obtained during direct laryngoscopy may fail to reveal active carcinoma. We evaluated transcutaneous computed tomography‐guided fine needle aspiration (CTGFNA) in three consecutive patients who had a persistently fixed true vocal fold after EBRT that had been administered for laryngeal SCC and who had multiple negative transmucosal laryngeal biopsies. All three CTGFNA biopsies were positive, but final pathology confirmed invasive SCC in only one of the three patients. Despite its theoretical advantages, CTGFNA in its present form requires further assessment and/or modification.Laryngoscope, 106:1244‐1247, 1996
Histopathology of Idiopathic Chronic Recurrent Vertigo
Authors: Ishiyama Akira , Ishiyama Gail P. , Lopez Ivan , Eversole Lewis R. , Honrubia Vicente , Baloh Robert W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractVestibular neuritis is a degenerative neuropathy of the peripheral vestibular system. The etiology of this condition is uncertain, although it is generally believed to be viral. A small percentage of patients with vestibular neuritis have chronic recurrent episodes of vertigo. Detailed cytologic descriptions of acute or chronic vestibular neuritis are lacking, and no previous studies have reported evidence of chronic inflammation in human temporal bone specimens.The authors of this study examined temporal bone specimens from three patients with a history of chronic recurrent vertigo of unknown cause. Varying degrees of inflammation and destruction were seen in the vestibular system, and mild involvement of the cochlear system was noted. These findings are consistent with postinfectious inflammatory changes of the cochlear‐vestibular system analogous to a postinfectious syndrome involving the central nervous system.
The Loss of Heterozygosity in Retinoblastoma and p53 Suppressor Genes As a Prognostic Indicator for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Gleich Lyon L. , Li Ya‐Qin , Biddinger Paul W. , Gartside Peter S. , Stambrook Peter J. , Pavelic Zlatko P. , Gluckman Jack L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInactivation of tumor suppressor genes, including p53 and retinoblastoma(Rb), are commonly found in all cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Alterations at either p53 or Rb, however, are only weakly associated with tumor aggressiveness. In many cancers loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at multiple loci is associated with decreased survival. The polymerase chain reaction and highly informative microsatellite markers were used to compare DNA from matched sets of 63 head and neck squamous cell cancers and normal tissue for LOH at the p53 and Rb loci. At p53, 50 were informative, with LOH occurring in 19 (38%). Of the 57 that were informative at Rb, LOH occurred in 21 (37%). Of the 46 that were informative at both p53 and Rb, LOH occurred in 10 (22%) at both loci. When LOH for p53 and Rb individually was compared to stage, differentiation, and survival, there was no correlation. However, the patients with LOH at both loci had a significantly poorer survival (P = .009). This strongly supports the contention that simultaneous alterations of these two tumor suppressor genes favor tumor aggressiveness and can be used as a prognostic indicator.
Quantitative Cytology of Nasal Secretions and Scrapings in Japanese Cedar Pollinosis Patients
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuhiko , Ukai Kotaro , Lee Hwa Sik , Majima Yuichi , Sakakura Yasuo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo explore the dynamics of the cellular response to natural allergen exposure, the authors of this study performed quantitative cytology in both the nasal secretions and nasal scrapings of 16 normal control subjects and 23 Japanese cedar pollinosis patients before and during the pollen season. In nasal scrapings, the number of metachromatic cells increased significantly during the pollen season, although there was no significant difference between the normal subjects and the preseason pollinosis patients. The cell differential count in the patients with pollinosis showed that lymphocytes were predominant in scrapings; however, the majority of inflammatory cells in the nasal secretions were neutrophils before the season and eosinophils during the season. The study findings suggest that the appearance of metachromatic cells in nasal scrapings is specific to the pollen exposure and that the cytology in nasal secretions is significantly different from that in nasal scrapings.