bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Antibiotics in the Treatment of Periodontitis – A Proposed Strategy
Authors: Beikler Thomas , Prior Karola , Ehmke Benjamin , Flemmig Thomas F. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of the present study was to propose a strategy for the selection of antibiotics that specifically target complexes of periodontal pathogens present in patients with periodontitis.Methods: Seven hundred seventy‐four (774) patients with various forms of periodontitis were included in the study. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the deepest periodontal pockets in each quadrant using a sterile curet, and pooled. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Tannerella forsythensis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescenswere identified by polymerase chain reaction, and the prevalence of combinations of these pathogens was determined. To each pathogen complex (PC), i.e., combination of pathogens, those antibiotics were assigned that were most specific according to the published minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations achievable in vivo. Antibiotic GCF concentrations had to be at least 10 times the MIC90 values, and the narrowest spectrum was selected with respect to the assessed periodontal pathogens.Results: Nine major PCs (each ≥3% of all patients) were found in 73.4% of all patients, whereas 38 minor PCs (each <3% of all patients) were distributed in 26.6% of all patients. Ten different antibiotic regimens were found to be specific for the total of 46 PCs; i.e., metronidazole and amoxicillin in 11 PCs (55.0% of all patients), metronidazole and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in 13 PCs (18.9%), amoxicillin in 4 PCs (8.3%), doxycycline in 2 PCs (6.1%), metronidazole in 8 PCs (4.1%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid in 3 PCs (2.9%), clindamycin in 2 PCs (1.5%), ciprofloxacin in 2 PCs (0.4%), and tetracycline in 1 PC (0.3%).Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there are at least 46 different combinations of the assessed periodontal pathogens in subjects with periodontitis, and at least 10 different antibiotic regimens might be required to specifically target the various pathogen complexes. J Periodontol 2004;75:169‐175.
Periodontal Parameters Around Implants Anchoring Orthodontic Appliances: A Series of Case Reports
Authors: Molly Liene , Willems Guy , van Steenberghe Daniel , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2005

Background: Implants replacing missing teeth provide advantages over clinical orthodontic treatment as compensation for reaction forces is no longer necessary and the lack of teeth is immediately resolved.Methods: A total of 38 two‐stage implants were inserted (16 in maxilla, 22 in mandible) in 10 partially edentulous patients with orthodontic problems. Osseointegration and marginal bone levels were assessed via intra‐oral radiographs taken at the abutment stage and at the completion of the orthodontic treatment and also via probing depth, measurement of recession toward the implant/abutment (I/A) interface, and sulcus bleeding index, recorded after completion of orthodontic treatment.Results: In the maxilla, the cumulative survival rate was 87.1% after 2 years; for the mandible, it remained 100%. Mean amount of bone loss was 1.6 mm for maxilla and 0.8 mm for mandible. No correlation could be found between directions of orthodontic forces and marginal bone loss. Mean percentage of bleeding sites was 38.5% and 25%, respectively, for implants in the maxilla and mandible. Attachment level was 1.2 mm (SD: 1.2) below I/A interface after completion of the orthodonic treatment.Conclusion: No significant marginal bone loss was present. Using implants during orthodontics can result in an easier and more predictable treatment. J Periodontol 2004;75:176‐181.
P‐15 Cell‐Binding Domain Derived from Collagen: Analysis of MG63 Osteoblastic‐Cell Response by Means of a Microarray Technology
Authors: Carinci Francesco , Pezzetti Furio , Volinia Stefano , Laino Gregorio , Arcelli Diego , Caramelli Elisabetta , Degidi Marco , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2005

Background: P‐15 is an analog of the cell‐binding domain of collagen. P‐15 has been shown to facilitate physiological processes in a way similar to collagen; to serve as an anchorage for cells; and to promote the binding, migration, and differentiation of cells.Methods: Expression profiling by DNA microarray is a molecular technology that allows the analysis of gene expression in a cell system. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, we identified in osteoblast‐like cell line (MG‐63) cultured with P‐15 several genes whose expression was significantly up‐ or downregulated.Results: The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: 1) signaling transduction, 2) differentiation, 3) apoptosis, and 4) cell‐cycle regulation. It was also possible to detect some genes whose function is unknown.Conclusions: The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of P‐15 effects. They can help us to better understand the molecular mechanism of osteogenesis and can serve as a model for comparing different cell cultures and/or other materials with similar effect. J Periodontol 2004;75:66‐83.
Telomere Length in Leukocytes and Cultured Gingival Fibroblasts from Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Takahashi Keiso , Nishida Hideaki , Takeda Hiroyuki , Shin Kitetsu 
Published: February 2005

Background: The association of genetic risk factors with the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) has been a focus of attention. Telomeres, which are nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of chromosomes, could be a genetic marker for Down's syndrome and Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria, in which patients' premature aging is involved in the pathogenesis. It has been reported that these patients tend to experience severe periodontitis. Therefore, we investigated the telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) obtained from patients with AgP and that in the patients' gingival fibroblasts undergoing cellular aging in vitro.Methods: Twenty‐one patients with AgP and 50 age‐matched, periodontally healthy subjects (HS) participated in this study. Genomic DNA from PBL and from human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was analyzed by Southern blotting for telomere length. The percentage of HGF positive for β‐galactosidase (β‐gal), a marker for cellular senescence, was also investigated.Results: There was no significant difference in the telomere length (P = 0.20, Student's t test) between the two groups, and wide interindividual variation was found (5.93 to 11.4 kbp, average 8.35 ± 1.19 kbp). The telomere length from PBL negatively correlated with donor age, but no significant difference in telomere loss between the two groups was observed. With HGF undergoing aging in culture, the mean telomere length of these cells from six patients with AgP and seven HS decreased an average of –67.5 bp and –81.0 bp, respectively. No association was found in the telomere length between PBL and HGF from the same donors (r = 0.56, P = 0.20). A significant association was found between the telomere length and the percentages of β‐ gal–positive HGF during cell passages (r = 0.70, P <0.001).Conclusions: These results indicate that patients with AgP do not have excessive telomere loss and thus do not support the notion of the occurrence of a generalized premature cellular aging in patients with AgP. Further studies are required to investigate the association between telomere length and β‐gal in HGF. J Periodontol 2004;75:84‐90.
Treatment of Gingival Recession Using a Collagen Membrane with or without the Use of Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft for Space Maintenance
Authors: Kimble Kenneth M. , Eber Robert M. , Soehren Stephen , Shyr Yu , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2005

Background: Studies utilizing collagen membranes for guided tissue regeneration (GTR)‐based root coverage procedures have reported promising results. However, creating and maintaining space underneath the membrane remains a challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical trial was to determine whether the addition of bone graft (i.e., demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft [DFDBA]) significantly affects the outcome of collagen membrane GTR‐based root coverage procedures.Methods: Twenty patients participated. One Miller's Class I or II recession defect per patient was treated with a collagen membrane covered by a coronally positioned flap. Half of the patients also had DFDBA placed under the membrane. Clinical parameters recorded included: recession depth, recession width, width of keratinized tissue, clinical attachment level, and probing depth, measured to the nearest 0.5 mm. Presurgery and postsurgery (6‐month) data were compared using Student's paired t test for parametric data and the Wilcoxon matched pairs test for non‐parametric data.Results: Guided tissue regeneration with collagen (COLL) and collagen + DFDBA (COBA) both resulted in statistically signifi‐ cant (P <0.05) reductions in recession depth (2.1 ± 0.9 mm and 2.5 ± 0.5 mm), recession width (1.5 ± 1.7 mm and 2.2 ± 1.6 mm), increase in keratinized tissue (0.7 ± 0.8 mm and 1.2 ± 1.0 mm), and gain of clinical attachment level (2.1 ± 1.0 mm and 3.0 ± 1.0 mm), when comparing 6‐month data to baseline. Mean root coverage was 68.4 ± 15.2% with COLL and 74.3 ± 11.7% with COBA. However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups for recession depth, recession width, width of keratinized tissue, clinical attachment level, and probing depth.Conclusions: Both techniques are effective in attaining root coverage. Although root coverage tended to be better with the addition of DFDBA, the difference was not statistically significant. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to determine whether adding DFDBA to GTR‐based procedures using collagen membranes is of any benefit. J Periodontol 2004;75:210‐220.
IgG Antibody Levels to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Clinical Measures in Children
Authors: Donley Cara L. , Badovinac Rachel , Sapir Shabtai , Shapira Lior , Houri Yael , Kantarci Alpdogan , Warbington Martha L. , Dibart Serge , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Needleman Howard L. , Karimbux Nadeem , Bimstein Enrique 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontopathic clinical markers are poorly understood in the pediatric population. Several studies have proposed Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and an antibody response to the microorganism as factors in periodontal tissue destruction in children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of P. gingivalis in dental plaque and of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to P. gingivalis, and their relationship to periodontal clinical measures in children.Methods: Thirty‐one subjects, aged 20 to 163 months, participated in this study. Clinical measures examined included gingivitis, plaque, alveolar bone height, age, gender, ethnicity, medical status, caries, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Five ml of blood was collected for serum analysis, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis were determined by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis by DNA‐DNA checkerboard. Data were analyzed on a person‐level basis for relationships to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis and on a site‐specific level for relationships to the presence of P. gingivalis in plaque.Results: A majority (77%) of the subjects were systemically healthy, non‐white (74%), and did not have detectable P. gingivalis in their plaque. Fifty‐two percent of the subjects had positive serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Based on univariate linear regression, factors related to IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis (P <0.05) included age, average gingival index (GI), average probing depth, and number of teeth with alveolar bone crest to cemento‐enamel junction (ABC‐CEJ) distances >2 mm. When all clinical measures were considered together, only age remained statistically significantly related to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis.Conclusions: Age is one of the most important factors in the development of the immune response to putative microorganisms such as P. gingivalis in children. The role of IgG as a timesensitive measure of periodontal health in children needs to be investigated further. J Periodontol 2004;75:221‐228.
Enhanced Cementum Formation in Experimentally Induced Cementum Defects of the Root Surface with the Application of Recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Collagen Gel In Vivo
Authors: Sato Yasuko , Kikuchi Masahiro , Ohata Noboru , Tamura Masato , Kuboki Yoshinori 
Published: February 2005

Background: Therapies using biologically active, soluble factors such as growth factors or cytokines have been investigated for potential clinical use in regenerating lost periodontal tissue due to periodontitis. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF‐2) is a multifunctional growth factor that has a variety of effects including induction of proliferation and morphogenesis in a wide range of cells and tissues including periodontal ligament tissue.Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of bFGF on the regeneration of cementum and periodontal ligament in experimentally induced partial defects in a beagle dog model. bFGF in a collagen gel was applied to the defects and root surfaces, and the teeth were replanted.Results: Eight weeks post‐surgery, formation of cementum on denuded dentin was enhanced by application of 0.1, 1, or 5 μg of bFGF in a collagen gel compared to collagen gel containing vehicle. Histological analyses revealed that at 4 weeks post‐surgery, random periodontal ligament fibers had bound to dentin, but were attached only to denuded dentin to which 0.1, 1, or 5 μg of bFGF in collagen gel had been applied. At 8 weeks post‐surgery, we observed the formation of dense fibers bound to alveolar bone and newly synthesized cementum in teeth treated with 1 μg of bFGF.Conclusion: These results suggest that basic fibroblast growth factor in a collagen gel is a suitable therapy for damaged periodontal ligament and could lead to readily achievable methods of treatment for periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2004;75:243‐248.
Bacterial Adhesion on Commercially Pure Titanium and Zirconium Oxide Disks: An In Vivo Human Study
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Piattelli Maurizio , Caputi Sergio , Favero Gian Antonio , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2005

Background: Little is known about the mechanisms of bacterial interaction with implant materials in the oral cavity. A correlation between plaque accumulation and progressive bone loss around implants has been reported. Bacterial adhesion shows a direct positive correlation with surface roughness. Other surface characteristics also seem to be extremely important with regard to plaque formation. Different adhesion affinities of bacteria have been reported for different materials. The aim of this study was to characterize the percentage of surface covered by bacteria on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks.Methods: Ten patients participated in this study. A removable acrylic device was adapted to the molar‐premolar region, and commercially pure titanium (control) and zirconium oxide (test) disks were glued to the buccal aspect of each device. The surface roughness of titanium and test specimens was similar. After 24 hours, all disks were removed and processed for scanning electron microscopy, for the evaluation of the portion of surface covered by bacteria.Results: In control specimens, the area covered by bacteria was 19.3% ± 2.9; in test specimens, the area was 12.1% ± 1.96. The disk surface covered by bacteria on test specimens was significantly lower than that of control specimens (P = 0.0001).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that zirconium oxide may be a suitable material for manufacturing implant abutments with a low colonization potential. J Periodontol 2004;75:292‐296.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Modulates the Regenerative Responses of Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Enhances the Actions of Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor
Authors: Cerutis D. Roselyn , Dreyer Andrew , Cordini Franco , McVaney Timothy P. , Mattson John S. , Parrish Lawrence C. , Romito Laura , Huebner Gene R. , Jabro Mansoor 
Published: February 2005

Background: Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) has been used to promote healing in many in vitro and in vivo models of periodontal regeneration. PDGF is known to interact extensively with another platelet mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), to enhance regenerative responses in non‐oral systems. PDGF and LPA are both liberated by platelets in the blood clot, which is known to be critical in stabilizing early periodontal wound healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the basic interactions of LPA with primary human gingival fibroblasts (GF) alone and with PDGFBB for promoting GF growth and migration, as well as their effects in an in vitro oral wound‐healing model.Methods: GF regenerative responses were measured using 1 and 10 μM LPA in the absence or presence of 1 or 10 ng/ml PDGF‐BB. Cell growth was determined using [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Migration responses were measured using a microchemotaxis chamber. For the in vitro wound‐healing experiments, GF were grown to confluence on glass slides, and a 3 mm wide wound was mechanically inflicted. Percent wound fill on days 4, 6, and 9 was analyzed using computer‐assisted histomorphometry.Results: GF exhibited proliferative and chemotactic responses to LPA. These responses were synergistic when LPA and PDGF‐BB were present together. LPA on its own did not stimulate statistically significant wound fill, but when combined with PDGF‐BB, wound fill was equivalent to the 10% serum positive control group by day 6 (5.5‐fold of negative control, [P <0.001]) and again on day 9 (6‐ fold of negative control, [P <0.001]).Conclusions: These studies provide the first evidence that LPA stimulates human GF regenerative responses and that it interacts positively with PDGF‐BB to regulate these actions. The results suggest that LPA needs to be further investigated in the oral system as a factor that should be considered for incorporation when designing new periodontal wound‐healing therapies using PDGF. J Periodontol 2004;75:297‐305.
Combined Bone Grafting and Orthodontic Treatment of an Iatrogenic Periodontal Defect: A Case Report with Clinical Reentry
Authors: Naaman Nada Bou‐Abboud , Chaptini Edmond , Taha Hala , Mokbel Nadim 
Published: February 2005

Background: This case report discusses the treatment of an iatrogenic periodontal defect caused by an inadequate orthodontic appliance in a 9‐year‐old girl.Methods: The multidisciplinary approach to this case consisted of periodontal treatment using a bone grafting technique to restore the 10 mm bone dehiscence. Three months later orthodontic treatment was initiated to straighten and level the central incisors. Six months later mucogingival surgery was performed to cover 2 to 3 mm gingival recession.Results: The bony defects were completely filled and the 10 mm dehiscence was reduced to 4 mm. The connective tissue graft resulted in a complete coverage of the recessions and a thickening of the keratinized gingiva. The patient is still undergoing orthodontic treatment. So far, straightening of the upper central incisors and closure of the diastema are satisfactory.Conclusions: Inadequate orthodontic appliances can cause iatrogenic periodontal defects. A multidisciplinary approach in a well‐defined sequence can restore lost periodontal tissue, thus achieving comfort, function, and esthetics. J Periodontol 2004;75:316‐321.
Success and Failure Rates of 9 mm or Shorter Implants in the Replacement of Missing Maxillary Molars When Restored with Individual Crowns: Preliminary Results 0 to 84 Months in Function. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fugazzotto Paul A. , Beagle Jay R. , Ganeles Jeffrey , Jaffin Robert , Vlassis James , Kumar Akshay 
Published: February 2005

Background: The ability to utilize shorter implants in the reconstruction of the posterior maxilla would, theoretically, simplify therapy by lessening the need for augmentation surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the success and failure rates of ≤9 mm or shorter implants in the maxillary posterior regions restored with individual crowns.Methods: A total of 979 implants were placed in maxillary molar positions and restored with individual crowns. The implants were followed in function for up to 84 months. The results are discussed in terms of clinical applicability and indications for use.Results: The cumulative success rates in function were 94.5% for implants in the maxillary first molar positions and 98.7% for implants in the maxillary second molar positions, yielding an overall cumulative success rate of 95.1%, in function for up to 84 months.Conclusion: These findings suggest that non‐countersunk implants of 7 to 9 mm in length may be successfully restored with single crowns in the maxillary molar region. J Periodontol 2004;75:327‐332.
Clinical Evaluation of Calcium Sulfate in Combination With Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft for the Treatment of Human Intraosseous Defects
Authors: Aichelmann‐Reidy Mary E. , Heath Carlette D. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Medical‐grade calcium sulfate (CS) is a biocompatible, bioabsorbable, and clinically versatile ceramic for use in bone repair. This study compared the clinical efficacy of a combination of calcium sulfate dihydrate, as a binder and barrier, and demineralized freezedried bone allograft (DFDBA) to polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and DFDBA for the treatment of human periodontal defects.Methods: Two intrabony defects were compared in each of 19 patients with chronic periodontitis. After initial preparation, full‐thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated, osseous defects debrided, and the roots prepared (ultrasonic, hand curets, and tetracycline conditioning). Defects were randomly treated with either a combination graft of DFDBA with CS (4:1) covered by a CS barrier or with DFDBA and fitted with an ePTFE barrier. Flaps were coronally positioned to obtain primary closure. Clinical soft tissue measurements were recorded at 6 months, and all study sites were surgically reentered for evaluation.Results: The mean presurgical measurements for defects randomized to the CS and ePTFE treatments, respectively, were similar for attachment level (AL; 6.2 ± 1.8 mm and 6.1 ± 1.7 mm), probing depth (PD; 6.3 ± 1.1 mm and 6.2 ± 1.1 mm), and gingival recession (0.1 ± 1.9 mm and 0.2 ± 1.4 mm). Defects treated with CS or ePTFE demonstrated statistically significant (P ≤0.0001) reductions in mean PD (2.7 ± 1.4 mm and 3.4 ± 1.3 mm, respectively) and gains in mean AL (1.8 ± 1.5 mm and 1.7 ± 1.4 mm, respectively). Recession increased by 0.8 ± 1.4 mm at CS sites and 1.6 ± 1.7 mm at ePTFE‐treated sites (P ≤0.05). Pretreatment mean defect depths were 4.1 ± 1.0 mm and 3.7 ± 1.0 mm for CS and ePTFE sites, respectively. Reentry evaluations revealed a mean defect fill of 2.7 ± 1.5 mm and 2.5 ± 0.9 mm for the CS and ePTFE sites, respectively, with a corresponding mean defect resolution of 80.3 ± 18.7% and 76.7 ± 18.5%. The CS and ePTFE sites did not differ significantly in mean defect fill or defect resolution.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that calcium sulfate, when used as a binder and barrier in combination with DFDBA, supports significant clinical improvement in intrabony defects, as evidenced by reductions in probing depth, gains in clinical attachment level, and defect fill and resolution. Calcium sulfate represents an important alternative to non‐resorbable ePTFE barriers in combination with DFDBA for the treatment of intrabony defects. J Periodontol 2004;75:340‐347.