bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Antitumor Immunity Can Be Triggered by Targeting VISTA in Combination with a TLR3-Specific Adjuvant
Authors: Wang Bo , Ou Ziwei , Zhong Wenlong , Huang Lin , Liao Wenjian , Sheng Yiyu , Guo Zhixing , Chen Junyu , Yang Wenjuan , Chen Ke , Huang Xiaodong , Yang Tenghao , Lin Tianxin , Huang Jian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Resistance to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is often associated with accumulation of intratumoral inhibitory macrophages. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a nonredundant immune checkpoint that can induce both T-cell and myeloid-cell immunosuppression. In this study, we found that high levels of VISTA+ immune cells were associated with advanced stage bladder cancer and predicted poor survival in patients. A combination of high infiltration of VISTA+ immune cells and PD-L1+ immune cells or PD-1+ T cells predicted the worst survival. Flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that VISTA expression was higher in macrophages than in T cells or neutrophils, and only VISTA+CD163+ macrophage density predicted poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are known to trigger the innate immune response in macrophages. We found that the VISTA-specific mAb 13F3 augmented the ability of a TLR3-specific adjuvant to induce macrophage activation in vitro. In the MB49 syngeneic mouse model of bladder cancer, treatment with 13F3 curbed tumor growth and prolonged survival when combined with a TLR3-specific adjuvant. The combination treatment reduced the intratumoral frequency of CD206+ anti-inflammatory macrophages and levels of the immunosuppressive molecule TGFβ1, but it upregulated expression of immunostimulatory molecules (Ifna, Ifnb, and Trail) and increased the CD8+ T cell/regulatory T-cell ratio. These findings indicate that elevated VISTA expression in immune cells, particularly macrophages, is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with bladder cancer and suggest that targeting VISTA in combination with a TLR3-specific adjuvant has translational potential.
Nrg1 Regulates Cardiomyocyte Migration and Cell Cycle in Ventricular Development
Authors: Grego-Bessa Joaquim , Gómez-Apiñaniz Paula , Prados Belén , Gómez Manuel José , MacGrogan Donal , de la Pompa José Luis 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Cardiac ventricles provide the contractile force of the beating heart throughout life. How the primitive endocardium-layered myocardial projections called trabeculae form and mature into the adult ventricles is of great interest for biology and regenerative medicine. Trabeculation is dependent on the signaling protein Nrg1 (neuregulin-1). However, the mechanism of action of Nrg1 and its role in ventricular wall maturation are poorly understood.

METHODS:
We investigated the functions and downstream mechanisms of Nrg1 signaling during ventricular chamber development using confocal imaging, transcriptomics, and biochemical approaches in mice with cardiac-specific inactivation or overexpression of Nrg1.

RESULTS:

Analysis of cardiac-specific
Nrg1
mutant mice showed that the transcriptional program underlying cardiomyocyte-oriented cell division and trabeculae formation depends on endocardial Nrg1 to myocardial ErbB2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) signaling and phospho-Erk (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; pErk) activation. Early endothelial loss of Nrg1 and reduced pErk activation diminished cardiomyocyte Pard3 and Crumbs2 (Crumbs Cell Polarity Complex Component 2) protein and altered cytoskeletal gene expression and organization. These alterations are associated with abnormal gene expression related to mitotic spindle organization and a shift in cardiomyocyte division orientation. Nrg1 is crucial for trabecular growth and ventricular wall thickening by regulating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–like process in cardiomyocytes involving migration, adhesion, cytoskeletal actin turnover, and timely progression through the cell cycle G2/M phase. Ectopic cardiac Nrg1 overexpression and high pErk signaling caused S-phase arrest, sustained high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–like gene expression, and prolonged trabeculation, blocking compact myocardium maturation. Myocardial trabecular patterning alterations resulting from above- or below-normal Nrg1-dependent pErk activation were concomitant with sarcomere actin cytoskeleton disorganization. The Nrg1 loss- and gain-of-function transcriptomes were enriched for Yap1 (yes-associated protein-1) gene signatures, identifying Yap1 as a potential downstream effector. Furthermore, biochemical and imaging data reveal that Nrg1 influences pErk activation and Yap1 nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution during trabeculation.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data establish the Nrg1-ErbB2/ErbB4-Erk axis as a crucial regulator of cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and migration during ventricular development.
Realpolitik in the Anthropocene: Resilience, Neoclassical Realism, and the Paris Agreement
Authors: Ferguson Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It has been observed that the Paris Agreement has become an “analogy” of diplomatic success and institutional design because it allows emissions reduction commitments to be determined at the national level. While this is widely attributed to the United States’ insistence on excluding any provisions that would have required US Senate ratification, the success of Paris stems more from the way the agreement partly circumvents the divergent interests of developed and developing countries by allowing states to pursue their own mitigation strategies based on domestic distributional and ideological politics rather than interstate cooperation and/or competition. It is this accommodation of both an institutionalist logic of absolute gains and a more realist logic of relative gains that ultimately underpins the diplomatic and institutional design success of Paris. However, the resonance of realism, at least in its neoclassical form, also stems from its greater capacity to accommodate the heightened socioecological complexity, interconnectedness, and unknowability occasioned by the Anthropocene than other branches of Anthropocentric international relations theory. This potential is outlined in this Forum article by sketching the epistemological and ontological connections between neoclassical realism and the concept of resilience.
Economic Imaginings of Consumption in Book Retail
Authors: Frost Simon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Far from being a conventional trade in consumer goods, with price value estimated from a relationship between demand and scarcity, book retail is saturated in the politics of class, gender, and race. To thrive, it must be alive to the promises and pitfalls of those dimensions, especially as they are imagined through reading. Therefore, to understand book retail only through institutionalized models of neoclassical economics would be a mistake. A mistake not only because book retail trades in symbolic goods, which are goods of an inherently interpretive, political, all-too-human kind, but also because symbolic goods defy foundational categories such as ‘consumption’. From a historic case study, that of book retail in Southampton around 1900, it can be shown which forces have actively sustained the book business. Revealed, too, is how economics is merely the material mathematized wing of a particular cultural-political way of thinking, one that can be broken free from without losing either business or responsibilities to race, gender, and class.
What Outfit Shall the Protagonist Wear?
Authors: Rodzvilla John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Online fiction platforms like Wattpad, Tapas, Choices, and Episode have created new models of digital storytelling that serve billions of readers a month who access the content through apps and websites. Through a free-to-read (F2R) model these platforms offer access to thousands of online prose narratives. Instead of requiring money upfront for access, they have found a way to monetize narrative through ad-supported serialization and paywalls. Some companies have also begun to offer reader customization through microtransactions similar to those in the mobile game world. This paper examines how these platforms are using the F2R model to create a compelling reading experience that personalizes the text and keeps readers engaged with textual content.
Digital Social Reading
Authors: Šileris Arūnas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study examines the interplay between the motivational needs of adolescents when engaged in digital social reading (DSR) in school settings and also their digital social reading behaviour, measured by the amount of the primary text read and the intensity of written communication. The study shows that in a digital social reading situation the basic human needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are represented proportionally, without any one need gaining a greater prominence. Although students working under different motivational conditions read similar amounts of the primary text, the intensity of written communication varied significantly depending on the text. We attribute this difference to story world absorption. Stories with a higher story world absorption rating elicited twice as much written communication than less absorbing stories. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Building an Archival Persona: The Transformation of Sufi Ijāza Culture in Russia, 1880s–1920s
Authors: Bustanov Alfrid , Shikhaliev Shamil , Chmilevskaia Ilona 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article analyses the uses of education certificates (ijāzas) as a tool of self-expression by Russia’s Muslims in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While the transmission of ijāzas as such served as a means of constructing the ideal Muslim personality, manuscript evidence suggests that a selective approach to compiling ijāza miscellanies could successfully be employed in building one’s own archival persona – the way how an individual wanted to appear on pages of future biographical books: not only as an important transmitter of prestigious lineages, but chiefly as a unique performer of their selective combinations. The presence of Sufi certificates on multiple lineages within and beyond the borders of the established Sufi ‘orders’ suggests the increasing heterogeneity of Sufi organization and practice that was part of the phenomenon of a broadening cultural repertoire, from which individuals could draw upon for their archival persona. The type of ijāzas that we analyse here, namely the separate documents and miscellanies listing the transmitted practices, were very much the product of their time and their wide circulation in late imperial Russia suggests, as we argue, an unprecedented rise of ijāza culture, imported from the Ottoman realm.
Effect of different stand densities on xylem and phloem formation in Norway spruce plantations
Authors: Giagli Kyriaki , Vavrčík Hanuš , Tsalagkas Dimitrios , Černý Jakub , Leugner Jan , Hacurová Jana , Gryc Vladimír 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Preliminary results of an investigation of the thinning effect on Norway spruce tree growth in terms of xylogenesis and phloemogenesis are presented. Three plots were selected where the stand densities were reduced by pre-commercial thinning to 1800 trees/ha (plot A; mild thinning) and 1300 trees/ha (plot C; heavy thinning) in February 2020. Plot B had no silvicultural intervention and represented a control variant (4500 trees/ha). Three dominant 14-year-old Norway spruce trees were sampled (micro-cored) for studying the xylem and phloem formation in the 2020 growing season. The total differentiation duration was determined to be around 169.7 ± 12.7–179.3 ± 4.0 days. The average number of xylem cells formed in control plot B was only 140 mature cells, plots C and A were determined to have 175 and 200 mature cells, respectively. Plot A had the fastest growth rate of all the plots studied. In all three plots (A, B, C), the beginning of the early phloem, late phloem sieve cells, and axial parenchyma cells coincided. Nonetheless, in terms of total phloem cell increase, plot C displayed the fastest growth rate among the three plots studied. The first results showed that the rate of total increment in both xylem and phloem cells, as well as the total number of produced tracheids and sieve cells, seem to be positively affected after the thinning application.
The current status of lipoprotein (a) measurement in clinical biochemistry laboratories in the UK: Results of a 2021 national survey
Authors: Ansari Saleem , Garmany Neely Robert D. , Payne Jules , Cegla Jaimini 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundLipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is now established as a causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and accurate laboratory measurement is of pivotal importance in reducing Lp(a) associated risk. The consensus statement by HEART UK in 2019 included recommendations to improve standardisation of clinical laboratory measurement and reporting of Lp(a).MethodsA 16 question, electronic audit survey was circulated to 190 accredited clinical biochemistry laboratories to assess the adoption of these recommendations in the UK.ResultsResponses were received from 65 of 190 laboratories (34%). Only 5 (8%) did not offer Lp(a) measurement. Of those providing the test, 23% (n = 14) offered an in-house service (IHS), the remaining laboratories (77%; n = 46) used an external referral service (ERS). The majority (10 of 14 or 71%) of IHS laboratories responded with details of their method, stating whether it minimised sensitivity to the effect of Lp(a) isoform size and used calibrators certified for traceability to the WHO/IFCC reference material, however, only a minority ERS laboratories (13 of the 46 or 28%) were able to specify the method used by their referral laboratory. Of the laboratories who specified their reporting units, 6 of 10 IHS and 7 of 23 ERS laboratories reported in nmol/L. Among the 60 laboratories who responded, the HEART UK recommendations appear to have been adopted in full by only 3 IHS laboratories.ConclusionsFurther efforts are needed to standardise the measurement and reporting of Lp(a) so that results and interpretation are comparable across clinical biochemistry laboratories in the UK.
Calculation of axial compression performance and bearing capacity of hollow sandwich glass fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete-steel double-skin tubular column
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Yang Wenwei , Wang Tongkuai , Lei Ting , Yin Chaozheng 
Published: October 2023

To evaluate the axial compressive performance of the hollow sandwich GFRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (DSTC), 15 composite column specimens were produced to study the effect of various design variables. And the study presents a rational and accurate finite element (FE) model that provides a detailed working mechanism of the DSTCs, leading to the enrichment of parametric research and the creation of an extensive database. Based upon the unified strength theory of double shear, limit equilibrium theory, and superposition theory, the study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of different bearing capacity calculation models. With each added millimeter in the thickness of the GFRP tube, the ultimate bearing capacity of the DSTC specimen increased by 23.6% and 61.8%, respectively, compared to that of the 1.5 mm thick GFRP tube sample. The lower the hollow ratio of the DSTC section, the higher its ultimate bearing capacity. Specimens with a hollow ratio of 0.3 and 0.43 showed an ultimate bearing capacity 1.4 times and 1.25 times higher, respectively, than those with a hollow ratio of 0.6. The study observes a relatively high level of precision in the results of the ultimate equilibrium theory, with an average error rate of 20%.
Carriage of multidrug-resistant carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria in patients admitted to NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde hospitals: Implications for treatment
Authors: Espie Megan , Marek Aleksandra , Farrugia Leonard , MacLeod Mairi , Bal Abhijit M 
Published: October 2023

Background: Infections caused by gram-negative carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) have become a global phenomenon. Screening of patients for CPO that was carried out at 48-h intervals enables early detection of carriers for infection control purposes and planning therapy. Methods: We investigated the bacterial flora detected on screening, the enzymes that conferred resistance and the proportion of patients who developed bacteraemia with CPO and their therapy. Results: In all, 27 patients had a positive screen for CPO. A small but significant (7.5%) proportion of patients were not detected on initial screening. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were predominant. New-Delhi metallo β-lactamase and oxacillin carbapenemases were the main enzymatic mechanisms of resistance. Four (14.8%) patients developed bacteraemia with CPO (30- and 90-day survival 100% and 75%, respectively). Conclusion: A single negative screen does not rule out colonisation. A significant proportion of patients colonised with CPO develop bacteraemia. Vigilance is needed to prevent the nosocomial spread of CPO.
Mechanical thrombectomy with a new intermediate balloon catheter combining the BGC and DAC features: Initial clinical experience with the iNedit device
Authors: Tomasello Alejandro , Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Vega Pedro , Castaño Carlos , Moreu Manuel , Dominguez Carlos , Macho Juan 
Published: October 2023

Introduction The iNedit balloon distal access catheter is a novel thrombectomy device. It has an inner diameter of 0.058″, proximal outer diameter of 2.13 mm, and distal outer diameter of 1.67mm. It is compatible with a 0.088″ guide catheter and includes a balloon located 5 cm from the catheter tip, enabling proximal flow restriction and combined therapy with stent retrievers. We investigate the appraisal of the use, safety, and efficacy of the iNedit catheter in the first-in-human study. Methods In the preliminary cases that demanded training on the product previous to a multicentric study, prospective data were collected on 22 consecutive patients treated with the iNedit catheter to perform thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion within 24 h. The outcome measures consisted of several evaluations of user experience rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (bad) to 5 (excellent), as well as assessments of procedural safety outcomes such as artery perforation and arterial occlusion, procedural efficacy outcomes including first-pass effect (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction [TICI] 2c/3) and final recanalization (TICI 2b/3), and clinical efficacy outcomes such as a 3-month 0–2 modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results The mean age was 72 ± 12 years old; median National Institute Health Stroke Scale was 17 (11–19). Sites of primary occlusion were: 2 internal carotid artery, 12 M1-MCA, 7 M2-MCA, and one P1. Median score evaluation of the appraisal of use was 4- IQR [4–5]. The median number of passes was 1 [IQR 1–2]. First pass complete recanalization rate was 50% and the final recanalization rate was 94.45%. No artery perforation and arterial occlusion. Good functional outcome mRS 0–2 was achieved in 50% of patients. Conclusions In this initial clinical experience, iNedit device achieved a high rate of first-pass effect and final recanalization rate with no safety concerns, thus favoring a high percentage of good clinical outcomes.
Safety and efficacy of braided stents as stent monotherapy for the treatment of small intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Capirossi Carolina , Radu Razvan A , Gascou Gregory , Lefevre Pierre-Henri , Dargazanli Cyril , Machi Paolo , Costalat Vincent , Cagnazzo Federico 
Published: October 2023

Background The safety and efficacy of low-profile braided stent as stent monotherapy require further investigation. Objective To analyze patient outcomes after treatment with braided stents used as “light” flow diverters. Material/Methods Retrospective study to evaluate the occlusion rate of aneurysms treated with braided stent and remodeling of covered side branches and perforators. Several factors potentially influencing aneurysm occlusion were analyzed. Results Thirty-five aneurysms in 31 patients were included. Six aneurysms (17.1%) had an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Braided stent was used as retreatment among 9 previously coiled aneurysms (25.7%). A total occlusion was achieved in 18 aneurysms (51.4%), entry remnant in 3 aneurysms (8.6%), incomplete filling in 6 aneurysms (17.1%) and complete filling in 8 aneurysms (22.9%). None of the aneurysms ruptured during the follow-up period. Of 32 stents deployed, we observed 3 cases (9.4%) of asymptomatic mild stenosis and 3 cases (10.7%) of narrowing of covered branches among 28 covered arteries. There were no cases of perforator infarction and no mortality or permanent morbidity associated with the treatment. Moreover, aneurysms <2.5 mm, aneurysms with a neck <1.8 mm, those with a mean aspect-ratio of 1.4, and lateral wall aneurysms had a higher frequency of adequate occlusion. Conclusion Braided stents used as stent monotherapy appear to be sufficiently effective in the treatment of very small intracranial aneurysms, despite a lower overall occlusion rate compared to a standard flow diversion strategy. However, given the low morbidity rate, this strategy may be an alternative to flow-diverter stents for small and distally located lesions.
‘Doing school food!’: a practical toolkit for adopting a whole school food approach
Authors: Rose K , O’Malley C , Lake AA , Lalli GS 
Published: October 2023

Aims: The dietary intake and reported eating behaviours of adolescents in the UK are a public health concern. Schools are identified as an ideal ‘place’ setting to promote health and improve young peoples’ nutrition outcomes. A gap in the understanding of how healthy secondary school food policy can be implemented, sustainable and effective, may hamper progress to improving school food provision and nutrition education in the UK. Research was conducted to understand the factors which influence healthy school food provision and the adolescent’s food choice to inform and develop a practical framework for schools. Methods: This research involves the development of a practical toolkit which synthesises evidence generated from a mixed methods study and a systematic review. This was informed by an exploration of the secondary school food environment as a potentially ‘obesogenic’ setting, the effectiveness of school food interventions and policy in Europe and UK, included young people’s (11–18 years of age) eating behaviours and priorities in food choice. A pragmatic approach was taken in the integration of evidence, using ecological and behaviour change theory, and joint display principles. Result: A six-phase practical toolkit is presented, guided by ‘What Good Looks Like’ and ‘Whole Systems Approach to Obesity’ principles which can be used to translate the evidence from this research into good school food practice. Conclusion: Improving secondary school food provision across the school day and having a coherent whole school food approach to healthy eating have the potential to significantly improve a young person’s food choice, therefore impacting the nutrient intake of adolescents in the UK. This toolkit helps working towards operationalising this idea.