bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When the World Closed Its Doors
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When the World Closed Its Doors tells the story of how nearly every country in the world shut its borders to respond to an external threat and explains how this global shock to the system ended up transforming state border policies around the world. It details the consequences of the Covid border restrictions—couples separated for years, children blocked from reuniting with their parents, container ship workers moving essential goods trapped at sea, pregnant citizens barred from returning home—and explains why governments used their harshest containment measures on those coming from outside. The book tells human stories to show the multiple impacts that states’ increasing restrictiveness has had—economic, demographic, social, and political. And the fallout continues: Covid taught governments that borders could be closed or heavily restricted for extended periods with strong public support and minimal disruption to the everyday lives of most of their people. The temptation to do so in future crises—from pandemics to terrorist attacks to flows of desperate asylum seekers—will be irresistible. This book is an effort to ensure that lessons are learned about what worked and what didn’t from this unprecedented closure of borders—and to highlight the enormous costs that were paid by millions of people whose lives straddle those borders.
The “Summer of Love”
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introductory chapter starts in a special place—Peace Arch Park along the western border of the United States and Canada. This was the only place in North America where families, friends, and couples could meet freely across a national border despite the severe travel restrictions imposed in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. That rare breach in the world’s Covid border walls opens the larger story of how governments across the world closed their borders—despite little evidence of their effectiveness and long-standing international agreements not to do so. At the height of the restrictions, there were few countries in the world that were not affected by some sort of travel ban or restriction; some 220 countries and territories had imposed more than 70,000 different restrictions. The chapter introduces the argument that the expanded use of border restrictions has set a precedent and that, left unchecked, governments will do the same in future crises.
Epilogue
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Epilogue raises the question of how well the United States is prepared for the next pandemic, and whether it will again quickly resort to border closures and travel restrictions. It reviews the life and work of Dr. Martin Cetron, who for more than two decades was the director of the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine for the US Centers for Disease Control. In that position, he was the top government decision maker on all pandemic-related travel restrictions, including those imposed during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. But during Covid, he and his team were sidelined by the White House, which at first resisted what could have been temporary travel restrictions on Europe at the height of the outbreak, and then demanded a sweeping border closure to keep out migrants from Mexico. Dr. Cetron refused to sign the order to implement Title 42 but was overruled by the Trump administration. Cetron sees some progress in US pandemic preparedness, especially the development of early warning systems such as testing of airplane wastewater. But he fears the United States is even less prepared today than it was before Covid.
Cultural and Identity Issues in Practice
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Within helping relationships, there will always be differences and similarities that exist between the practitioners and the clients. This chapter introduces the reader to some of the ways to address these differences and similarities by focusing on key aspects of the helping relationship, such as the working alliance. There is a strong focus on ensuring that practitioners take the stance of “not knowing” in order to not make assumptions about their clients and to understand how issues of oppression and other cultural forces have had and continue to have an impact on the lives of their clients.
Jesus, the Temple, and the Chief Priests
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the Gospel accounts, Jesus predicts his death in Jerusalem. His statements point to an obvious fact: Jesus did die in Jerusalem, not Galilee. His judge was Pilate, not Herod Antipas. Pilate crucified him in Jerusalem. In his final week alive, Jesus engaged in activity at Jerusalem that some Roman authorities, including Pilate, classified as seditionist. He preached an incendiary message at the Temple precinct, a turbulent space. during Passover week, a time of peak crowd presence and intense emotions. He and his core followers engaged in confrontational, aggressive activity. Where, when, and how Jesus preached all contributed to his death by Pilate’s orders. But what exactly made Jesus’ conduct in his final Passover so seditious? What did his followers do that was so volatile? What traces do they leave in the Gospel narratives?
Pilate and Sedition
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Roman judges had tremendous power. Their verdicts had serious consequences. But their petitioners could also be persuasive. They could exploit prior edicts and courtroom decisions to forge legal pathways attractive to judges. They could create situations that made it awkward for governors to rule against them. In Judaea, Roman magistrates like Pilate thought of the chief priests as experts in their compatriots’ behaviors. But as prefect of Judaea, Pilate had an agency of his own. He had to decide whether Jesus was guilty and deserved to die. We know he had Jesus crucified. But what was Pilate’s legal path to condemning Jesus? How did Roman prefects in Judaea identify criminal behavior, especially sedition? How did their relationship with the chief priests affect their understanding? What does Pilate’s pattern of violence as prefect tell us about his understanding of sedition?
Atomic Spectroscopy
Authors: Bernath Peter F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter starts with the definition of angular momentum in quantum mechanics. The energy levels and wavefunctions of the hydrogen atom are presented including spin-orbit coupling. The Hamiltonian operator for many-electron atoms is presented and atomic quantum numbers are discussed. Atomic selection rules are given along with examples. The effect of nuclear spin and hyperfine structure is introduced. The intensity of atomic lines and the basic equations for line strengths and lifetimes are given. The Stark and Zeeman effects in atomic spectroscopy are presented.
Rotational Spectroscopy
Authors: Bernath Peter F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter starts with a discussion of classical rotation of rigid bodies and moments of inertia. Asymmetric, symmetric, and spherical tops are defined. Rotational energy levels of diatomic and linear molecules are derived, along with selection rules and spectra. Rotational energy levels of symmetric tops are derived including selection rules and spectra. Asymmetric tops are briefly discussed. The determination of molecular structure by rotational spectroscopy is discussed.
Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Bernath Peter F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter begins with a presentation of harmonic and anharmonic oscillators, and the vibrational energy levels and wavefunctions for diatomic molecules. Selection rules and spectra are presented for vibration-rotation transitions of diatomic molecules. Classical and quantum mechanical vibrational motion of polyatomic molecules are presented. Internal, symmetry, and normal coordinates for vibrational motion are defined. Selection rules and vibration-rotation spectra of linear, symmetric top, spherical top, and asymmetric top molecules are presented. Line strengths for vibration-rotation transitions are defined. Fermi and Coriolis perturbations are discussed.
Electronic Spectroscopy of Diatomics
Authors: Bernath Peter F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter begins with a discussion of molecular orbitals and labelling of electronic states. Vibrational structure of diatomic electronic transitions and the Franck-Condon principle are derived. Rotational structure of electronic transitions including selection rules are presented and illustrated with spectra. There is an extensive discussion of different types of parity. Rotational line strengths are derived.
Public reason
Authors: Moen Lars J.K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter marks the beginning of a less abstract and more practical part of the book. The chapter explains the scope of republican freedom by exploring Pettit’s idea of common interests as the interests citizens can avow in public because they are compatible with treating everyone as a free and equal member of society. Government interference involved in promoting these interests makes no citizen unfree. A key finding in this chapter is that Pettit employs a Rawlsian constructivist procedure for identifying the common interests, which leads him to a liberal conception of such interests that is particularly concerned with ensuring everyone’s ability to exercise the basic liberties. I show how promoting common interests, thus understood, is to promote pure negative freedom. A conflict between the institutional requirements of the two freedom concepts therefore cannot be due to their different positions on the scope dimensions.
Introduction: Setting the Scene
Authors: White E. Jayne , Janfada Mahtab 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A series of twists and turns in thought and practice over the past century have brought scholars to a place where reliance on data-as-truth and associated methodologies that set out to advance related agendas of monologic truth is no longer tenable (or ethical for that matter). Research consumers now ask researchers to be accountable for their claims, thus calling attention to the assumptions at play in any given context and collapsing regimes of truth along the way. As a consequence, new methodologies advancing more critical, speculative interpretations have arisen, many of which are ‘post’ this or that. These methodologies are opening up possibilities for researchers and scholars to see the world in new ways by thinking with theory and acting out research agendas that expand our ways of understanding our world.
The Masque of Truth
Authors: Duffin Ross W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Published by D. Jocquet in Heidelberg and Lyons in 1613, The Masque of Truth, as it has been called in modern times, was purportedly presented at Whitehall Palace on the Tuesday following the Palatine wedding. In fact, it was never performed, and the story of its production is a fiction. Still, it was clearly designed to be presented and survives without dialogue but with a full description, song lyrics, and indications for dancing. Because it celebrates the joining of two Protestant powers by means of the marriage, and urges the Protestant conversion of the rest of the world, and because it is written in French, music for its song lyrics has been reconstructed using Claude le Jeune’s harmonized versions of French metrical psalms, and its dances have been selected from Michael Praetorius’s collection of French dances, published a few months before the wedding. The original French text is included along with a complete English translation, songs, and dances.
The Method of Original Inquiry
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter develops the critical methodology, original inquiry, introduced in Chapter 1. By taking up original inquiry, one is able to answer the question of what a thing of any category is. Things in the most general sense are the focus and basis of any genuine inquiry and, as such, the means of any explanation. Thus, understanding what a thing is provides insight into the limits of inquiry and of explanation. Such understanding, moreover, reveals how the world is structured, how things are related so as to produce reality as experienced. Descriptions of this formal ontological structure provide a theoretical framework, viz., a collection of principles, consistency with which constrains inquiry into some subject matter and its correct account, that is the ground rules for all inquiry. This account of the structure in the world and the theoretical framework it provides is radical ontology.
Ethnic versus Pan-Ethnic Mobilization
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A prominent division among activists of Indian American background, particularly until around 2016, is that some individuals preferred to mobilize around national origin and others mobilized around a pan-ethnic paradigm as South Asians. Chapter 3 discusses the rise of Indian American and South Asian American organizations since the year 2000; the impact of the events of September 11, 2001, on the rise of these two different groups; the differences in their strategies and goals; and the impact of each type of organization on the Indian American community and on the American public sphere. It showcases the importance of generational status (immigrants versus the American-born generation) in shaping how racial identity and racialization as well as the history of religious tensions in the homeland are perceived.
Conclusion
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Conclusion provides an overview of what the Indian American case teaches us about the factors shaping immigrant and ethnic politics. How do race and religion impact social location, and why is this important to understand? How does this framing in turn reshape our understanding of how political opportunity structures and group characteristics interact, as well as mobilization around foreign and domestic policy issues? The chapter also discusses generational differences in political activism as well as the role of social media in immigrant politics. It ends with an overview examining the Indian American model of mobilizing around a variety of identities and issues, rather than a mono-ethnic identity, and discusses whether diaspora activism portends an inclusionary or exclusionary future.
Through the Cracked Looking-Glass
Authors: Gustafson Thane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The major theme of this chapter is the deep flaws in the opening, and the negative views that Russians and Westerners developed about one another as a result. It begins by reviewing the initial, “romantic” phase of the early 1990s when Western goods and businesses were greeted by Russians with heady excitement and high expectations. The chapter then shows that this was soon mixed with disillusionment and resentment, as Russians became aware that many Westerners viewed Russia with contempt as the “losers” of the Cold War, though they often knew little about Russia beyond the headlines and tended to exaggerate the chaos of the “Wild East,” while underestimating the Russians’ underlying capacities and skills.
Introduction
Authors: Connell Kieran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of competing definitions of multiculturalism, and situates the author in relation to the history of multicultural Britain by discussing his upbringing in inner-city Birmingham. The chapter examines the importance of immigration to the subject, and the centrality of Britain’s colonial past. It explains the rationale for the choice of geographic case studies to be examined in the book. It provides an overview of the book’s key arguments, including the importance of love and sex to the making of multicultural Britain.
Colour Bars
Authors: Connell Kieran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces readers to the post-Second World War history of immigration to Nottingham. It provides an overview of the 1958 racist rioting in the city, and situates this in the broader context of the discrimination that underpinned Britain’s “color bar”. It examines the reaction to the unrest both from national government and on the part of local activists. The chapter argues that the seeds for the first restrictions on Commonwealth immigration were sewn in the response to the unrest that took place in 1958, and the government’s refusal to address the issue of white racism.
Prosody in clause chaining constructions
Authors: Gordon Matthew K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite playing an important role in encoding information flow and relationships between events, states, and actions, the prosody of clause combining constructions has been relatively understudied compared to clause-internal prosody. Although there has long been a productive research programme investigating intonational and timing characteristics of clause boundaries in various languages, there is a paucity of phonetic and phonological work that systematically investigates multi-clausal prosodic structure. Because of their potential for great complexity, clause chains provide fertile ground for exploring the mapping between prosodic domains and clause-level and larger syntactic units. This chapter provides a typological synthesis of the prosodic characteristics of clause chains and closely related bridging constructions.
Clause chaining in Muskogean languages
Authors: Broadwell George Aaron 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Muskogean, a family of six languages spoken in the Southeastern United States. All Muskogean languages have a nominative-accusative orientation, active verb agreement, and extensive switch-reference systems. There are two principal kinds of clause chaining in most Muskogean languages. One type of clause chaining has participle-like, largely same-subject relationships between adjacent clauses, with reduced inflectional possibilities for non-final verbs. This type does not fully contrast same-subject and different-subject in the switch-reference system. The second type of clause chaining occurs with adjunct clauses, shows full inflectional possibilities for subordinate verbs, and uses the switch-reference system extensively. Western Muskogean languages (Choctaw and Chickasaw) have an additional type of clause chaining, labelled consecutive, which shows an omission of tense marking on the subordinate clause along with a contrastive same-subject vs. different-subject distinction.
Summary of ‘The road not taken’ *
Authors: Gascho J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a series of 12 articles reflecting different types of stroke. Article 1 discusses a cognitive neuropsychologist’s right anterior cortical stroke. Article 2 explores a general practitioner’s right hemisphere stroke. Article 3 narrates a nurse’s experience following a left frontal stroke, whereas Article 4 reflects on a late professor and classical pianist’s experience with a right parietal stroke. Article 5 describes a radiologist’s encounter with an acute right hemisphere stroke. Article 6 provides insight into a neuropsychologist’s life after a ruptured left frontal arteriovenous malformation that occurred at the age of 19 years. Article 7 details a psychiatrist’s episode of transient global amnesia. Article 8 recounts a nephrologist who suffered a cerebellar infarct. Article 9 examines an aphasiologist’s stroke affecting the brainstem. Article 10 reports on a cardiologist’s embolic stroke involving the cerebellum. Article 11 outlines the consequences of a neuroscientist’s brainstem infarct. Finally, Article 12 shares a nurse’s perspective on a right parietal lobe stroke.
Summary of ‘Reflecting on a nurse’s personal experience with a stroke’ *
Authors: Austin J. K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a series of 12 articles reflecting different types of stroke. Article 1 discusses a cognitive neuropsychologist’s right anterior cortical stroke. Article 2 explores a general practitioner’s right hemisphere stroke. Article 3 narrates a nurse’s experience following a left frontal stroke, whereas Article 4 reflects on a late professor and classical pianist’s experience with a right parietal stroke. Article 5 describes a radiologist’s encounter with an acute right hemisphere stroke. Article 6 provides insight into a neuropsychologist’s life after a ruptured left frontal arteriovenous malformation that occurred at the age of 19 years. Article 7 details a psychiatrist’s episode of transient global amnesia. Article 8 recounts a nephrologist who suffered a cerebellar infarct. Article 9 examines an aphasiologist’s stroke affecting the brainstem. Article 10 reports on a cardiologist’s embolic stroke involving the cerebellum. Article 11 outlines the consequences of a neuroscientist’s brainstem infarct. Finally, Article 12 shares a nurse’s perspective on a right parietal lobe stroke.
Summary of ‘No question of denial’ *
Authors: Levin R. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter brings together 17 narratives from those having to deal with dementia. Article 1 features a professor recounting early Alzheimer's symptoms. Article 2 discusses a GP's Alzheimer's and heart problems. Articles 3 and 4 include a neurologist's observations and reflections related to his Alzheimer's Disease. Articles 5 and 6 describe a neurologist's Parkinson's Disease (PD). Article 7 details a professor's fluctuating Parkinson's symptoms, whilst Article 8 shares a surgeon's PD experiences and effective treatment. Articles 9 and 10 see a doctor reflecting on early PD symptoms and patient-inspired insights. Article 11 provides a physician's insights on his PD's daily life impact. Article 12 by a physician, discusses PD, Lewy Body Dementia, and its effect on his identity. Article 13 narrates a neurologist's Lewy Body Dementia encounter. Articles 14 and 15 present a hepatologist's PD and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Articles 16 and 17 discuss the experiences with Primary Progressive Aphasia of a scientist and a physician respectively.
Summary of ‘Twilight and me: a soliloquy’ *
Authors: Drubach D. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter brings together 17 narratives from those having to deal with dementia. Article 1 features a professor recounting early Alzheimer's symptoms. Article 2 discusses a GP's Alzheimer's and heart problems. Articles 3 and 4 include a neurologist's observations and reflections related to his Alzheimer's Disease. Articles 5 and 6 describe a neurologist's Parkinson's Disease (PD). Article 7 details a professor's fluctuating Parkinson's symptoms, whilst Article 8 shares a surgeon's PD experiences and effective treatment. Articles 9 and 10 see a doctor reflecting on early PD symptoms and patient-inspired insights. Article 11 provides a physician's insights on his PD's daily life impact. Article 12 by a physician, discusses PD, Lewy Body Dementia, and its effect on his identity. Article 13 narrates a neurologist's Lewy Body Dementia encounter. Articles 14 and 15 present a hepatologist's PD and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Articles 16 and 17 discuss the experiences with Primary Progressive Aphasia of a scientist and a physician respectively.