bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4 Associations between prospective memory performance and cognitive domains
Authors: Lehto Eliisa A , Virta Maarit , Järvinen Ilkka J , Schiavone Nella , Launes Jyrki , Hokkanen Laura 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Executive functions have been shown to predict prospective memory (PM) performance (Martin, Kliegel, & McDaniel, 2003). PM performance has also been associated with retrospective memory and working memory (Smith, 2003; McDaniel & Einstein, 2000). We investigated the association between PM performance and cognitive domains (executive functions, episodic memory, working memory) in adults at 40 years.Participants and Methods:The participants (n = 470, age 40) were part of a longitudinal study including a cohort with a history of a birth risk (eg. asphyxia, low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia) prospectively followed since birth and controls without birth risks. PM performance was assessed using the new Finnish Proper Prospective Memory Test (PROPS) offering a score for laboratory tasks and naturalistic tasks separately, for event-based PM (EBPM) and time-based PM (TBPM) performance, and a total score. Composite scores of three cognitive domains - executive functions, episodic memory, working memory -were formed by converting raw scores of nine cognitive test (e.g. the Wechsler subtests, the Stroop test, the Trail Making Test) to z scores, summed up and averaged. We calculated Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the five PROPS scores and the composite scores of the cognitive domains.Results:The episodic memory domain score correlated significantly with the PROPS laboratory tasks (rs = .23, p = < .01), naturalistic tasks, (rs = .13, p = < .01), the total score (rs = .23, p = < .01), EBPM (rs = .25, p = < .01), and TBPM (rs = .15, p = < .01). The executive functions domain score correlated with the PROPS laboratory tasks (rs = .17, p = < .01), the total score (rs = .16, p = < .01) and EBPM (rs = .20, p = < .01). The associations between the working memory domain and the PROPS test varied, in the laboratory setting (rs = .14, p = < .01), in the total score (rs = .13, p = < .01) and in EBPM (rs = .21, p = < .01). Furthermore, the composite score of the combined episodic memory and executive functions domains correlated significantly with the PROPS test in the laboratory setting (rs = .25, p = < .01), in the total score (rs = .25, p = < .01) and in EBPM (rs = .28, p = < .01).Conclusions:The combination of the episodic memory domain and the executive functions domain was most associated with PM performance measured with the new Finnish Prospective Memory test (PROPS). Only the episodic memory domain was linked with the PROPS tasks in the naturalistic setting. Although the episodic memory domain was more associated with PM performance, the results support the multidomain nature of PM functions.
8 Computational Modeling of Memory Processes in non-CNS Cancer Survivors
Authors: Potthoff Ruben D , Schagen Sanne B , van Rentergem Joost A Agelink 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Cognitive impairment is an often-overlooked issue that non-CNS cancer survivors face. Our current understanding of their issues is lacking, as traditional memory sum scores grant us little insight into the underlying cognitive processes of memory and its impairment. We can improve the informativity of memory impairment studies by isolating which cognitive processes are impaired.Participants and Methods:Participants were breast cancer survivors who received chemotherapy (n=68), and women controls (n=157). The participants completed the Amsterdam Cognition Scan (ACS), in which classical neuropsychological tests are digitally recreated for online at-home administration. Online administration reduces the burden on patients and allows for recording measurements with greater precision. The specific test used to illustrate the effectiveness of our computational modeling approach was the ACS equivalent of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, in which participants are tasked with recalling a list of 15 words five times. We formulated a Hierarchical Bayesian Cognitive Model to replace traditional sum scores and disentangle performance into the more theoretically meaningful concepts of 'memory storage’ and 'memory retrieval'.Results:A traditional analysis of the sum of trials 1-5 indicated no significant difference between patients and controls (t(223)=-0.99, p = 0.323), with a small effect size (Cohen’s d = -0.14).For the newly isolated cognitive process “memory storage”, a non-significant difference was found between patients and controls (d=0.10, 95% credible interval on Cohen’s d: [0.25, 0.43]). On the “memory retrieval” process, a medium significant difference was found between patients and controls (d = -0.57, 95% credible interval on Cohen’s d: [-1.00, -0.19]).Conclusions:The results indicate that the impaired memory processes in cancer patients are not a general impairment across all memory functions, but rather a selective impairment of memory retrieval. Our method of analysis revealed information that would have been left unnoticed had we relied on traditional sum over trials 1-5.
24 Functional Distinctions in Metabolic Network Patterns in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Heydari Nahal D. , Mattis Paul J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Cognitive decline is a common non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairment in PD require further elucidation. FDG PET imaging data analyses have revealed distinct brain metabolic patterns associated with the cognitive features of PD. The PD cognition-related pattern (PDCP) and default mode network (DMN) are two overlapping, but topographically distinct, networks that may serve as biomarkers of cognitive decline in PD. Decreased activity of the resting-state DMN and increased expression of the PDCP are associated with cognitive impairment in PD. Studies have consistently demonstrated the association between neuropsychological memory test performance and PDCP expression. Thus, we examined whether memory performance could offer additional value in predicting PDCP expression in PD patients. We hypothesized that DMN and memory performance would predict greater variance in PDCP expression than the DMN alone.Participants and Methods:Participants included 48 PD patients ages 46-80 (mean (SD) Age: 61.9 (8.1), Education: 15.0 (2.8), IQ: 112.5 (14.9), DRS total: 136.7 (5.8)). All participants completed the FDG PET and neuropsychological evaluation 8-12 hours after their last dose of Levodopa. Neuropsychological memory testing included the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) z score of sum of learning trials. PDCP and DMN values were z scores generated from normal controls in previous studies. Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses.Results:A hierarchical regression was performed to predict PDCP as a function of DMN and CVLT learning performance. Variables were entered in two separate blocks. The first block included DMN as a predictor, and the overall regression was significant (R2 = 0.55, F(1, 39)= 47.0, p < 0.001). As hypothesized, DMN significantly predicted PCDP expression (β= -0.74, p < 0.001). The second block of the regression included CVLT learning memory performance. Both DMN and CVLT performance explained a significant amount of variance in PDCP (R2 change = 0.05, F(2, 39)= 27.6, p < 0.001). CVLT performance significantly predicted PDCP (β= -0.22, p =0.048). The final model accounted for 60.0% of the variance in
PDCP.Conclusions:Disruptions in functional connectivity within brain networks have become increasingly recognized as mechanisms responsible for cognitive impairment in patients. As demonstrated in previous studies, our results indicated that DMN loss is a strong predictor of PDCP expression, likely due to the networks' overlapping spatial regions. However, we found that the addition of memory performance to the model could explain a small amount of variance (5%) over and above DMN expression. Overall, the current findings demonstrate a functional (i.e., learning) distinction between population-specific (PDCP) and more general brain networks (DMN).
33 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with and without Bulbar Onset: Cognitive and Behavioral Findings from an Outpatient Sample
Authors: Gold Dov B. , Maxwell Kendal L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:The relationship between frontotemporal dementias (FTDs) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is well established and is believed to be more pronounced in those with bulbar onset ALS (B-ALS). This study compared cognitive and behavioral symptoms among persons with B-ALS to those of individuals with nonbulbar phenotypes (NB-ALS).Participants and Methods:Outpatient clinic data collected during an initial neuropsychology consultation at an ALS interdisciplinary clinic in an academic medical center was retroactively analyzed. All individuals were diagnosed with ALS by neurologists specializing in movement and neuromuscular disorders based on results of neurological/motor examination, electromyographies, and (when available) genotypic data. Total scores on the short form of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SF) and scores on the ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS) and ALS CBS Caregiver questionnaire were of focus. 22 B-ALS and 44 NB-ALS individuals were compared on said measures using univariate analyses while controlling for ALS symptoms duration.Results:B-ALS individuals scored significantly lower on the MoCA-SF (F(2)=3.15, p=0.05, n2=0.13) and the tracking subscale of the ALS-CBS (F(2)=3.50, p=0.04, n2=0.17). The groups were not significantly different on other ALS-CBS measures, including caregiver-rated behavior questionnaire.Conclusions:Consistent with previous research, this study found lower total scores on a brief screener of global cognition and tasks of tracking requiring cognitive control in those with B-ALS relative to NB-ALS individuals. Interestingly, despite behavioral variant being the most prevalent FTD phenotype, the groups did not differ significantly in terms of caregiver-rated behavioral changes. It is hypothesized that the absence of these differences could reflect effects of gradual loss of speech and functionality that secondarily limit caregivers' abilities to observe behavioral changes concerning for possible behavioral variant FTD. That said this could reflect limitations of the sample and/or study design, and further exploration is therefore needed. Recommendations for future studies of neuropsychological/behavioral variables in B-ALS as well as development of more targeted instruments for use in this population are discussed.
38 Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind in Young and Elderly Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Montembeault Maxime , Farley Romane , Ouellet Julie , Brando Estefania , Tremblay Alexandra , Charest Kim , Roger Elaine , Scherzer Peter , Duquette Pierre , Rouleau Isabelle 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Theory of mind (ToM) deficits have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, most studies have used pictures or written scenarios as stimuli without distinguishing between cognitive and affective ToM, and no studies have investigated older pwMS. The aims of this study were to determine the impact of MS and age on cognitive and affective ToM using a more ecological video-based task. We also aimed to investigate the relationships between ToM, cognition and emotion reading to understand the nature of ToM deficits in pwMS.Participants and Methods:We recruited 13 young healthy controls (HC), 14 young pwMS, 14 elderly HC and 15 elderly pwMS. ToM was measured using an adaptation of the Conversations and Insinuations task (Ouellet et al. 2010). In this task, participants watch four 2-minutes videos of social interactions, which are interrupted by multiple choice questions about either the emotional state (affective ToM; 14 questions) or the intention (cognitive ToM; 14 questions) of the characters. They also underwent a short neuropsychological battery including cognitive tasks (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), DKEFS Color-Word Interference Test) and an experimental multimodal emotion recognition task.Results:We found significant effects of group (pwMS < HC), age (older < younger) and condition (cognitive ToM < affective ToM) on the ToM task. Although no interaction effect was found, the elderly pwMS group showed the largest discrepancy between their cognitive and affective ToM, the cognitive subtask being significantly more affected. ToM significantly correlated with general cognition (MoCA) in all participants, while cognitive inhibition (DKEFS Color-Word Interference Test) correlated with ToM only in elderly pwMS. No significant correlation was observed between ToM and emotion reading.Conclusions:This study highlights both cognitive and affective ToM deficits in pwMS, and particularly in cognitive ToM in elderly pwMS. These impairments could be underlied by cognitive and executive difficulties, but not by core social cognitive impairments, as observed in the correlation analyses. Future studies should investigate the relationships between ToM impairments and impairments in real-life empathy and social behavior in pwMS.
76 Investigating the Severity of Insomnia Comorbidities Between the Sexes
Authors: Desai Shivani , Hildebrand Lindsey , Reich-Feuhrer Melissa , Henderon-Arredondo Kymberly , Killgore William D.S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Previous research indicates that women tend to struggle with insomnia at higher rates both prior to and during the global COVID-19 pandemic; however, not much research has investigated the extent to which insomnia correlates with comorbid problems, including aggression, depression, anxiety, PTSD severity, and alcohol use between the sexes. On a neurobiological level, insomnia could be associated with those mood disorders due to the effects of sleep disturbance on serotonergic and GABA neurotransmission, and males might experience such associations at a lower frequency due to their increased rates of serotonin synthesis. Consequently, we hypothesized that women would demonstrate higher prevalence of the aforementioned comorbidities during COVID than males due to higher rates of insomnia reported in women during COVID.Participants and Methods:We surveyed a total of 13,313 adults, with 5,598 females (Mage=36.4, SD=11.9) and 7,654 males (Mage=37.81, SD=12.7) using Amazon Mechanical Turk between April 2020 and April 2021. Insomnia was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), while levels of depression, anxiety, PTSD severity, and alcohol use, and aggression were assessed through Patient Stress Questionnaires (PSQs) and the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ).Results:As expected, there were significant positive correlations between ISI and BPAQ (r(13306)=0.364, p<0.0001), PSQ Depression (r(13300)=0.694, p<0.0001), PSQ Anxiety (r(13211)=0.627, p<0.0001), PSQ PTSD (r(13305)=0.444, p<0.0001), and PSQ Alcohol (r(12915)=0.218, p<0.001). The strength of these associations was significantly higher in males than females in almost all categories: aggression (z=4.27, p<0.0001), depression (z=2.41, p=0.016), anxiety (z=3.16, p=0.0016), and alcohol use (z=5.89, p<0.0001) - not significant for PTSD severity (z=1.48, p=0.14).Conclusions:We found that insomnia was more strongly correlated with comorbid emotional and behavioral problems among males than females. This stands in contrast to our initial hypothesis, as the findings suggest that men who suffer from greater insomnia are more likely to experience those four comorbidities than females. This suggests that sex may play a role in the association between sleep disturbances and other clinical presentations relevant to neuropsychology. Further work will be necessary to identify the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the sex differences in these associations. While the present findings cannot determine the causal direction of the association, it will be crucial to determine the directionality of these associations and the mechanisms that lead to differences in expression between the sexes.
78 The Effects of Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Auditory Learning and Memory in Veterans with PTSD Symptomology
Authors: Alipio Jocson Valerie Z. , Gretler Julie , Chen Marcel , Yesavage Jerome A. , Kinoshita Lisa M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with cognitive deficits as evidenced by neuropsychological testing in the domains of attention/working memory, verbal memory, processing speed, and executive function. OSA is often comorbid with hypertension and has been considered a risk factor for hypertension (Kareem et al., 2018; Tietjens et al., 2019). Both hypertension and OSA have been shown to be independent predictors of memory (Kinoshita et al., 2012). OSA and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are also frequently co-occurring, especially among veterans. In a group of veterans with a history of PTSD, we seek to explore the effects of sleep apnea and hypertension on cognitive functioning, particularly auditory learning/memory.Participants and Methods:One hundred and three male and female participants with comorbid OSA and PTSD symptomology were screened as part of a larger VA Palo Alto Health Care System study. Participants (age: x=56.3, a=13.8, 24-81 years; education: x=14.6, a=2.3, 8-20 years; 9.6% female, 89.6% male) completed a neuropsychological battery, including the CVLT-II and WMS-IV Logical Memory. Presence or absence of hypertension was dichotomously coded and AHI severity was categorically coded. An auditory learning/memory composite variable was created using the z-score transformation method (Dodge et al., 2020). Variables and covariates were entered into a hierarchical regression.Results:The initial regression model revealed hypertension and OSA severity to be independent predictors of performance on auditory learning/memory (hypertension: ß= -0.71, p<0.01; OSA: ß= -0.42, p<0.01), where presence of hypertension or increased severity of OSA resulted in worse performance on the auditory learning/memory composite.Conclusions:Results suggest that hypertension and OSA may independently and negatively affect performance on measures of auditory learning/memory in veterans with PTSD symptomology and OSA. Such findings underscore the importance of assessing and treating both hypertension and OSA among veterans with PTSD to improve not only physical health, but also cognitive health. Further research demonstrating similar findings is recommended along with studies investigating whether or not the treatment of hypertension and OSA can improve auditory learning/memory.
26 Do depression, anxiety, or stress moderate the relationship between auditory learning and verbal learning?
Authors: Laique Aamir , Springer Jessica , Breting Leslie Guidotti , Axelrod Jenna , Geary Elizabeth , Sweet Jerry J 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Attention plays a key role in auditory processing of information by shifting cognitive resources to focus on incoming stimuli (Riccio, Cohen, Garrison, & Smith, 2005). Mood symptoms are known to affect the efficiency with which this processing occurs, especially when consolidation of memory is required (Massey, Meares, Batchelor, & Bryant, 2015). Without proper focus on relevant task information, improper encoding occurs, resulting in negatively affected performances. This study examines how depression, anxiety, and stress moderate the relationship between auditory attention and verbal list-learning.Participants and Methods:Archival data from 373 adults (Mage= 56.46, SD=17.75; Medu = 15.45, SD=2.2; 54% female; 74% white*) were collected at an outpatient clinic. Race was not available in a small percentage of cases included in analyses. Auditory attention was assessed via the Brief Test of Attention (BTA). Learning was assessed via the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) total T-Score (Trials 15). Mood was assessed via the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-42). A moderation analysis was conducted utilizing the DASS-42 as the moderator between the relationship of BTA and CVLT-II.Results:Block 1 of the hierarchical regression was significant in that BTA contributed significantly toward verbal learning on the CVLT-II (F(1, 378)=30.141, p =<.001 , AR2=.074). The standardized beta weight and p-value for BTA were (ß=.272, p<.001). When DASS variables were introduced into Block 2, the model remained significant F(3, 375)=4.227, p =.006 , AR2=.030). The DASS Anxiety subscale had significant beta weights in the model (ß=-.210 p=.004), whereas Depression and Stress were not significant (ß=.039, p=.563) and (ß=.021, p=.765), respectively.Conclusions:The current study examined whether mood symptoms affect the relationship between auditory attention and verbal learning. Present results confirm previous research that auditory attention has a significant impact on verbal learning (Massey, Meares, Batchelor, & Bryant, 2015; Weiser, 2004). Building upon prior research, these results indicate that when accounting for auditory attention, clinicians should be aware of possible confounds of anxiety, which may artificially suppress auditory attention. In some circumstances, a differential diagnosis may require consideration that absent anxiety auditory attention may be within normal range. Continued assessment and evaluation regarding the impact of anxiety is crucial for neuropsychologists when examining performances on verbal learning.