bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Interleukin Gene Polymorphism on Expression of Interleukin–1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor–α in Periodontal Tissue and Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Engebretson Steven P. , Lamster Ira B. , Herrera‐Abreu Miriam , Celenti Romanita S. , Timms Janine M. , Chaudhary Adeel G.A. , di Giovine Francesco S. , Kornman Kenneth S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A specific composite genotype of the polymorphic interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) gene cluster has recently been associated with severe periodontitis. One polymorphism of the composite periodontitis‐associated genotype (PAG) has been functionally linked with expression of high levels of IL‐1. The purpose of this study was to test whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL‐1ß and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), and gingival tissue levels of IL‐ 1α, IL‐1β, and TNFα correlate with PAG, and to examine the effec; of conservative periodontal therapy on these levels.Methods: Twenty‐two adults with moderate to advanced periodontal disease were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzymes were used to identify specific polymorphisms from peripheral blood samples. GCF samples were collected at baseline and 3 weeks following conservative treatment and analyzed by ELISA for IL‐1ß and TNFα. An interproximal gingival biopsy was collected at baseline and follow‐up and analyzed for IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and TNFα by ELISA.Results: The genotyping identified 7 as PAG(+) and 15 as PAG(–). The 2 groups were comparable in terms of existing periodontitis and age. In shallow sites (<4 mm), total IL‐1ß in GCF was 2.5 times higher for PAG(+) patients prior to treatment (P = 0.03), and 2.2 times higher after treatment (P = 0.04), while differences were less apparent in deeper sites. Following treatment, a reduction in IL‐1β concentration in GCF was seen for PAG(‐) but not for PAG(+) patients. While not statistically significant, a trend was observed in mean tissue levels of IL‐1β which were 3.6 times higher in PAG(+) versus PAG(–) patients (P = 0.09).
Conclusions: These data suggest that PAG(+) patients may demonstrate phenotypic differences as indicated by elevated levels of IL‐1ß in GCF. J Periodontol 1999;70:567‐573.
Effect of Initial Periodontal Therapy on the Frequency of Detecting Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Takamatsu Nobuhiro , Yano Kazuko , He Tao , Umeda Makoto , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans have been described as periodontopathic bacteria, and their presence in subgingival pockets can lead to development of periodontal disease. Until now, clinical parameters have been used to evaluate the effect of conventional periodontal treatment without microbiological parameters. The present study examined the microbiological effects of initial periodontal therapy using DNA probes and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: Twenty‐six patients with periodontitis, 10 males and 16 females, were given instructions regarding oral hygiene, then thoroughly treated by conventional scaling and root planing. Bacterial samples were collected on paper points from 4 sites per patient at baseline and after initial therapy (total: 104 sites). Clinical parameters including probing depth, attachment level, and bleeding on probing were also recorded for each site at baseline and after therapy. A DNA probe kit was used to monitor the frequency of B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, the last of which was identified by PCR.Results: At baseline, B. forsythus was the bacterium most frequently detected. DNA probe analysis also showed that more than half of the sites were colonized by both B. forsythus and P. gingivalis. Initial therapy resulted in significant clinical improvement such as significant reduction in the frequency of B. forsythus and P. gingivalis detected using the DNA probe. A.actinomycetemcomitans was difficult to detect using the DNA probe, but PCR indicated that levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans did not significantly decrease.Conclusions: These results indicate that initial conventional therapy can eliminate B. forsythus and P. gingivalis, but not A. actinomycetemcomitans. When levels of these bacteria decreased to below‐detectable levels, clinical improvement was significant. These results indicate that monitoring levels of these three periodontopathic bacteria may render periodontal therapy more effective and accurate. J Periodontol 1999;70:574‐580.
Clinical Effects of Periodontal Therapy on the Severity of Cyclosporin A‐Induced Gingival Hyperplasia
Authors: Kantarci Alpdoğan , Cebeci Irfan , Tuncer Özen , Çarin Mahmut , Firatli Erhan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival hyperplasia (GH) is a major side effect associated with cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy. The condition is further augmented due to the gingival inflammation. In this study, the effects of initial periodontal therapy and gingival curettage are analyzed in a group of patients with clinically significant (>30%) CsAinduced gingival hyperplasia.Methods: The test group of 15 patients received oral hygiene instructions, supra‐ and subgingival scaling, polishing, and gingival curettage only oral hygiene instructions were given to 16 control subjects. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), periodontal probing depth (PD), and gingival hyperplasia were recorded at baseline and repeated 8 weeks after treatment. Current doses of immunosuppressive agents, serum concentrations of CsA, and duration of CsA therapy were recorded as the pharmacological parameters.Results: Statistical evaluation revealed that all clinical variables showed statistical decreases compared to baseline in the treated patients, while none of the parameters changed significantly in the control group. Initial GH scores of 53.63% in controls and 53.40% in the treated patients were 52.83% and 32.13% following treatment, respectively. A difference of 21.27% in the severity of treated GH was accompanied by a 0.56 decrease in GI scores in the test group.Conclusions: Compared to the initial observations, the results suggested that nearly 60% of the condition could be of fibrotic origin. Initial periodontal therapy and curettage resulted in the resolution of the inflammation in CsA‐induced GH. Further investigation of the treated patients has shown that 7 out of 15 patients (47%) in the test group responded well and their GH scores decreased below 30% at the end of the study. The treatment in this study was effective in eliminating the necessity of more extensive surgical modes of treatment, such as gingivectomy, in 47% of cases. J Periodontol 1999;70:587‐593
Comparison of Fluorescence Microscopy and Culture Assays to Quantitate Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to Mono‐ and Multi‐Layered Pocket Epithelium Cultures
Authors: Papaioannou William , van Steenberghe Daniel , Cassiman Jean‐Jacques , Van Eldere Johan , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study compared 2 different methods (direct versus indirect evaluation) for the quantification of the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis strains to in vitro cultured monolayers of pocket epithelium.Methods: The indirect culture viability assay (calculation of colony forming units) was compared to a direct microscopic evaluation using a novel fluorescent stain. The fluorescent kit was found to stain both bacteria and epithelial cells and enabled a differentiation between dead and living cells.Results: Comparing the visual to the culture data, a high and significant correlation was found (Pearson's correlation = 0.75; P <0.001). The adhesion capacity was in general higher for dead epithelial cells than for living cells (P <0.01). Although comparable numbers of bacteria of 2 P. gingivalis strains (Pg 4 and Pg 5) were applied, Pg 4 showed a significantly lower adhesion capacity. This intra‐strain variability was observed by the culture assay (2.3 x 106 versus 7.8 x 106 ± 2.7 x 106; P <0.01) and by the direct microscopy (P <0.01) for both live and dead epithelial cells. A second goal was to see whether there was a difference in the amount of bacterial adherence to mono‐ and multi‐layers of in vitro cultured epithelium. No significant differences were found for the 5 examined P. gingivalis strains. However, interstrain differences in adhesion capacity were evident for both tissues.Conclusions: This study highlights the reproducibility of a direct microscopic evaluation of bacterial adhesion to in vitro cultured epithelial cells, and suggests both intrastrain (P. gingivalis) and inter‐cell (live versus dead) variation in adhesion capacity. Studies are needed to determine the extent to which P. gingivalis strain variation is reflected in variation of other strains in humans. J Periodontol 1999;70:618‐625.
Root Coverage Employing an Envelope Technique or Guided Tissue Regeneration With a Bioabsorbable Membrane
Authors: Müller Hans‐Peter , Stahl Marianne , Eger Thomas 
Published: February 2005

Background: Different treatment modalities have been described for root coverage in cases of gingival recession. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the postsurgical outcome of 2 modes of surgical root coverage of predominantly shallow, Class I or II, gingival recessions.Methods: Fourteen buccal recession sites in 13 patients were treated with free connective tissue grafts employing a modified envelope technique; 14 sites in 9 patients were subjected to a coronally repositioned flap in combination with a bioabsorbable membrane. Immediately before surgery as well as after 6 months, gingival dimensions, i.e., width and thickness, as well as root coverage and attachment gain, were assessed to the next 0.1 mm employing a caliper, an ultrasonic device, and a pressure calibrated, computerized periodontal probe.Results: At the outset, mean recession depths amounted to 2.48 ± 1.06 and 3.00 ± 1.95 mm for patients treated with a free connective tissue graft and a bioabsorbable membrane, respectively. With the former technique, 80 ± 24% root surface could be covered after 6 months, while the latter resulted in only 45 ± 40% coverage. The contrast in reduction of recession width was even more pronounced (77 ± 35% versus 18 ± 37%). In both groups, an increase of gingival thickness of 0.6 to 0.7 mm was noticed.Conclusions: Small recessions may be covered more predictably with the modified envelope technique. J Periodontol 1999;70:743‐751.
Density of CD1a‐Labeled Langerhans' Cells in Normal Human Gingiva and in Nifedipine‐ and Immunosuppressive Medication‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Nurmenniemi Petri K. , Pernu Hilkka E. , Knuuttila Matti L.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of Langerhans' cells in normal human gingiva and in nifedipine‐ and immunosuppressive medication‐induced gingival overgrowth by means of an immunohistochemical study.Methods: Gingival samples were collected from 11 nifedipinemedicated cardiac patients, 22 triple‐medicated (azathioprine, prednisolone, and cyclosporin A) renal transplant recipients, and 28 generally healthy individuals. Patients were grouped into the immunosuppression group, the combined immunosuppression and nifedipine group, the nifedipine group, and the generally healthy control group. Five μm‐thick cryostat sections were stained with monoclonal antibody (mAb) for CD1a using an avidin‐biotinenzyme complex (ABC) method. Numbers of CD1a‐labeled cells/mm2 were determined in 6 areas: oral epithelium, oral sulcular epithelium, sulcular epithelium, middle connective tissue, connective tissue beneath the oral epithelium, and connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium. Significances of differences between the groups were tested by means of the Kruskall‐Wallis test, and significances of differences between pairs of results by the Mann‐Whitney U‐test and the t test.Results: Numbers of CD1a‐labeled cells were significantly lower in the medicated groups than in controls in all 3 epithelial areas (P <0.0001) and in the connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium (P <0.0021). There were significantly fewer CD1a‐labeled cells in the sulcular epithelium in the nifedipine group than in the other medication groups.Conclusions: The reduced numbers of CD1a‐labeled cells found in nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth were similiar to the reduced numbers of CD1a‐labeled cells in gingival overgrowth associated with immunosuppressive medication. J Periodontol 1999;70:752‐756.
Effects of Sex Hormones on Production of Interleukin‐1 by Human Peripheral Monocytes
Authors: Morishita Masayuki , Miyagi Masaharu , Iwamoto Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) is a potent mediator of inflammation and is known to induce bone resorption. We studied the effects of sex hormones on the function of human monocytes and demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was enhanced by progesterone and estradiol. As PGE2 has been shown to suppress the production of IL‐1 by monocytes, it was speculated that sex hormones also modify the production of IL‐1 by regulating PGE2 production. Thus, the effects of sex hormones on the production of IL‐1 from human peripheral monocytes and the influence of PGE2 were investigated.Methods: Mononuclear leukocytes were obtained from 22 healthy adults. Progesterone, 17‐β estradiol (estradiol), and testosterone were used as representative sex hormones. Monocytes were incubated at 37°C in air with 5% CO2 for 24 hours in RPMI 1640 medium with sex hormones at the designated concentrations. LPS (Salmonella typhimurium) was used to stimulate the monocytes at a concentration of 10μg/ml. The concentrations of IL‐1α and IL‐1β in the medium were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. The concentration of PGE2 was determined using a direct radio‐immunoassay kit. Indomethacin was used to inhibit the synthesis of PGE2 and eliminate its effect on the production of IL‐1.Results: Estradiol at concentrations of 0.04 ng/ml or more significantly reduced both IL‐1α and IL‐1β production. Progesterone also reduced IL‐1α and IL‐1β production significantly at concentrations of 0.1 ng/ml or more and 0.02 ng/ml or more, respectively. The reductions in IL‐1α and IL‐1β production by sex hormones were not affected by addition of indomethacin.Conclusions: Estradiol and progesterone inhibited the production of IL‐1 from human peripheral monocytes. The inhibition was not the result of enhanced production of PGE2. Under conditions in which sex hormone levels are low, monocytes produce IL‐1 more readily in response to stimulation by LPS than high levels of such hormones. Low concentrations of sex hormones may be considered as one of the risk factors for periodontitis. J Periodontol 1999; 70:757‐760.
Soluble CD14‐Dependent Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 Induction by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide in Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Masaka Tamami , Hayashi Joichiro , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background: Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) is involved in the accumulation and activation of leukocytes in inflammatory sites through binding to β2 integrins expressed on leukocytes. We investigated whether or not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis affects ICAM‐1 expression on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). CD14 is a receptor for LPS on monocytes and macrophages and is also present in serum as a soluble protein. We further examined the effects of serum and soluble CD14 (sCD14) on ICAM‐1 expression in HGF stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS.Methods: HGF were prepared from explants of human gingival tissues and incubated in 96‐well culture plates before LPS stimulation. LPS derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5 and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 LPS were employed. sCD14 was purified from normal human serum (NHS) by affinity chromatography using an anti‐CD14 monoclonal antibody. ICAM‐1 expression on HGF was measured by a cell enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: P. gingivalis LPS induced ICAM‐1 on HGF in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence of either 10% fetal calf serum or 2% NHS. The ability of P. gingivalis LPS to induce ICAM‐1 was comparable to that of LPS from E. coli at high LPS concentrations. In the absence of NHS, ICAM‐1 induction was negligible in HGF stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS, reaching a maximum at 2% NHS. The ICAM‐1 expression induced by P. gingivalis LPS was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to CD14. Supplementation of serum‐free medium with sCD14 alone restored the capacity of HGF to respond to P. gingivalis LPS.Conclusions: These results indicate that P. gingivalis LPS induces ICAM‐1 expression in HGF in an sCD14‐dependent manner. The overexpression of ICAM‐1 on fibroblasts in gingiva induced by P. gingivalis LPS seems to be involved in the retention of inflammatory cells in periodontitis lesions. J Periodontol 1999;70:772‐778.
Modification of an Osteoconductive Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral Matrix With Growth Factors
Authors: Jiang Di , Dziak Rosemary , Lynch Samuel E. , Stephan Eugena B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Osteoconductive anorganic bovine bone mineral matrix material has been used clinically in bone regeneration procedures. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I) are important anabolic growth factors for bone. It was the aim of these studies to 1) examine the interaction of this bone graft material with PDGF‐BB and IGF‐I and 2) determine if the combination of growth factors with the matrix could stimulate osteoblastic cell proliferation.Methods: Adsorption of PDGF‐BB and IGF‐I was done using 125I radiolabeled growth factors. The PDGF‐BB or IGF‐I was incubated with the anorganic bovine bone matrix, and the amount of adsorbed growth factor was measured. In the desorption studies, radiolabeled growth factors were adsorbed to the matrix material. The samples were incubated in buffer for various time periods, and the amount remaining on the matrix was measured to calculate the percentage of released growth factor. The biological activity was tested in an in vitro assay with primary culture neonatal rat osteoblastic cells. Porous bone matrix with known amounts of adsorbed PDGF‐BB or IGF‐I was produced. The osteoblastic cells were cultured on the bone mineral matrix, with and without adsorbed growth factor, and proliferation was assessed by 3H‐thymidine incorporation.Results: Both PDGF‐BB and IGF‐I adsorbed to bone mineral matrix in a concentration‐dependent fashion. The affinity of IGF‐I for the material was IO‐fold greater than PDGF‐BB. In the experiments that measured the release of the initially adsorbed growth factors, approximately 50% of the PDGF‐BB and 10% of the IGF‐I were released after 10 days. PDGF‐BB adsorbed to the matrix material significantly (P <0.05, ANOVA) enhanced the proliferation of cultured osteoblastic cells compared to the mineralized matrix alone. However, IGF‐I adsorbed to the matrix material did not significantly enhance cell proliferation.Conclusions: These results suggest that PDGF‐BB can be adsorbed to the anorganic bovine bone mineral matrix and that this growth factor subsequently enhances the osteogenic properties of this bone graft material. IGF‐I also adsorbed to the graft material; however, it was not readily released and it did not produce significant effects in the biologic assay. It appears that it may be clinically feasible to adsorb PDGF to anorganic bovine bone and that this combination of bone growth factor and mineral matrix has the potential for clinical applications. J Periodontol 1999;70:834‐839.
A Comparison of the Efficacy of 2 Powered Accumulation, Gingivitis, and Gingival Bleeding Toothbrushes in Affecting Plaque
Authors: Barnes Caren M. , Russell Carl M. , Weatherford III Thomas W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this 30‐day blinded, parallel‐design study was to compare the effect of 2 powered toothbrushes, the Rowenta MH700 and the Braun Plak Control Ultra, on reducing plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding in a cohort of 60 healthy adults.Methods: After baseline evaluation of plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding, subjects were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups, provided written and verbal toothbrushing instructions, and had their teeth polished. At 2 weeks (follow‐up 1) and 4 weeks (follow‐up 2) all clinical parameters were again evaluated.Results: The Braun group demonstrated a nearly significant reduction in gingival index (Gl) and a significant reduction in GI at follow‐up 2. The Rowenta group demonstrated significant reductions in GI, plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (GBI) at both follow‐up 1 and 2 examinations. At follow‐up 1, the Braun group demonstrated a nearly significant reduction in GI, a significant reduction in PI, and a non‐significant reduction in GBI. At follow‐up 2, the Braun group demonstrated a significant reduction in GBI, but not a significant reduction in PI. The reduction in GI for the Rowenta group was significantly greater (P values of 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively) than that demonstrated in the Braun group. However, the Rowenta group did not demonstrate a significantly greater reduction in PI (P values of 0.7135 and 0.3184 for follow‐up 1 and follow‐up 2, respectively) or GBI than the Braun group at either examination (P values of 0.0663 and 0.3397 for followup 1 and 2, respectively).Conclusions: The results of this study support the findings of numerous other studies that powered toothbrushes have great potential to remove plaque and improve gingival health and that the improvement can be demonstrated in a relatively short period of time. J Periodontol 1999;70:840‐847.
The Effect of Postsurgical Naproxen and a Bioabsorbable Membrane on Osseous Healing in Intrabony Defects
Authors: Bichara Jean , Greenwell Henry , Drisko Connie , Wittwer John W. , Vest Tracey M. , Yancey John , Goldsmith Jane , Rebitski George 
Published: February 2005

Background: Previous reports in the literature have shown that non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may affect osseous tissues by either stimulating or inhibiting bone formation. This effect can be drug specific and different NSAIDs may produce opposite results. There are also reports showing that NSAlDs inhibit bone loss due to inflammatory disease process. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, blinded, clinical investigation was to determine the effect of a one week course of postsurgical naproxen on the osseous healing in intrabony defects.Methods: Twenty‐four vertical osseous defects in 24 patients were treated with either a bioabsorbable membrane plus twice daily postsurgical naproxen 500 mg for one week (test or GPN group) or with a polylactide bioabsorbable membrane alone (control or GA group). Twelve patients were included in each group. Treatment was performed on either 2‐ or 3‐wall or combination defects. All measurements were taken from a stent by a calibrated, blinded examiner and open measurements were repeated at the 9‐month second stage surgery. Power analysis to determine superiority of naproxen treatment showed that a 12 per group sample size would yield 87% power to detect a 2.0 mm difference and 64% power to detect a 1.5 mm difference.Results: Open defect measurements from baseline to 9 months showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) mean defect fill of 1.96 ± 1.27 mm and 2.04 ± 1.71 for the GPN and GA groups, respectively. This corresponded to a mean defect fill of 42% and a mean defect resolution of approximately 75% for both groups. The differences between GPN and GA groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Defect fill of ≥ 50% was seen in 6 defects (50%) in the GPN group and in 5 defects (42%) in the GA group.Conclusions: The administration of postsurgical naproxen failed to produce osseous healing that was statistically superior to that obtained with polylactide bioabsorbable membranes alone. J Periodonto1 1999;70:869‐877.