bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic plasticity across timescales in the human brain
Authors: Solomon S.H. , Kay K. , Schapiro A.C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur representations of the world need to be stable enough to support general knowledge but flexible enough to incorporate new information as our environment changes. How does the human brain manage this stability-plasticity trade-off? We analyzed a large dataset in which participants viewed objects embedded in thousands of natural scenes across many fMRI sessions. Semantic item representations were located by jointly leveraging a voxelwise encoding model to find reliable item representations and a word-embedding model to evaluate semantic content. Within the medial temporal lobe, semantic item representations in hippocampal subfield CA1, parahippocampal cortex, and perirhinal cortex gradually drifted across a period of multiple months. Whole-brain analyses revealed a gradient of plasticity in the temporal lobe, with drift more evident in anterior than posterior areas. On short timescales, rapid plasticity was observed only in parahippocampal cortex, such that item co-occurrence statistics warped item representations within a single session. Together, the results suggest that the brain solves the stability-plasticity trade-off through a gradient of plasticity across semantic regions.
Devaluation of response-produced safety signals reveals circuits for goal-directed versus habitual avoidance in dorsal striatum
Authors: Sears Robert M. , Andrade Erika C. , Samels Shanna B. , Laughlin Lindsay C. , Moloney Danielle M. , Wilson Donald A. , Alwood Matthew R. , Moscarello Justin M. , Cain Christopher K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractActive avoidance responses (ARs) are instrumental behaviors that prevent harm. Adaptive ARs may contribute to active coping, whereas maladaptive avoidance habits are implicated in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The AR learning mechanism has remained elusive, as successful avoidance trials produce no obvious reinforcer. We used a novel outcome-devaluation procedure in rats to show that ARs are positively reinforced by response-produced feedback (FB) cues that develop into safety signals during training. Males were sensitive to FB-devaluation after moderate training, but not overtraining, consistent with a transition from goal-directed to habitual avoidance. Using chemogenetics and FB-devaluation, we also show that goal-directed vs. habitual ARs depend on dorsomedial vs. dorsolateral striatum, suggesting a significant overlap between the mechanisms of avoidance and rewarded instrumental behavior. Females were insensitive to FB-devaluation due to a remarkable context-dependence of counterconditioning. However, degrading the AR-FB contingency suggests that both sexes rely on safety signals to perform goal-directed ARs.
Nandrolone alters the behavioral response to cocaine as well as striatal and cortical dopamine receptors of prepubertal male rats
Authors: Freire-Arvelo Jaime A. , Rivero Carlos J. , Santiago-Marrero Iván G. , Mendez-Morales Andrea , González-Segarra Amanda J , Pérez-Cardona Enrique U. , Torres-Ramirez Ricardo J. , Segarra Annabell C. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTNandrolone is the anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) most used by athletes and adolescents. The use of supraphysiologic doses has been associated with dysfunction in brain areas that regulate anxiety, motivation, and reward. This study investigated if exposure to nandrolone before puberty altered anxiety- and addictive-like behaviors. Changes in dopamine type 2 receptors (D2DR) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were also examined. Male rats received 10 daily injections of nandrolone decanoate (20 mg/kg) starting on day 28. Afterwards, they were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF). Their locomotor response (sensitization) and preference (conditioned place preference (CPP)) to cocaine (15 mg/kg) was also assessed. Nandrolone reduced anxiety and ambulation. Nandrolone-treated males also displayed sensitization to cocaine at an earlier age (day 44) than oil-treated males (day 52) and showed a 27% reduction in CPP to cocaine. Expression of D2DR in the NAc, and in the PFC of males tested for CPP was increased by nandrolone, whereas treatment with cocaine reduced accumbal D2DR. We hypothesize that nandrolone accelerates the development of the neural circuitry that regulates behavioral sensitization and reduces the rewarding property of cocaine, as manifested in the reduction of CPP. It is possible that the observed increase in accumbal D2DR may partially mediate the reduced anxiety and ambulation as well accelerate the maturation of the neural circuitry responsible for the sensitized response to cocaine.
Colonization by orchid mycorrhizal fungi primes induced systemic resistance against a necrotrophic pathogen
Authors: Pujasatria Galih Chersy , Miura Chihiro , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Kaminaka Hironori 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrchids and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) plants evolved independently and have different structures and fungal partners, but they both facilitate nutrient uptake. Orchid mycorrhiza (OM) supports orchid seed germination, but unlike AM, its role in disease resistance of mature plants is largely unknown. Here, we examined whether OM induces systemic disease resistance against a necrotrophic pathogen in a similar fashion to AM. We investigated the priming effect of mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on resistance of a terrestrial orchid,Bletilla striata, to soft rot caused byDickeya fangzhongdai. We found that root colonization by a compatible OM fungus primedB. striataseedlings and induced systemic resistance against the infection. Transcriptome analysis showed that priming was mediated by the downregulation of jasmonate and ethylene pathways and that these pathways are upregulated once infection occurs. Comparison with the reported transcriptome of AM fungus–colonized rice leaves revealed similar mechanisms inB. striataand in rice. These findings highlight a novel aspect of commonality between OM and AM plants in terms of induced systemic resistance.HighlightColonization by a compatible mycorrhizal fungus primes induced systemic resistance against a necrotrophic pathogen in a terrestrial orchid,Bletilla striata, by regulating jasmonate and ethylene pathways, similar to arbuscular mycorrhizal plants.
Social inequalities in pregnancy metabolic profile: findings from the multi-ethnic Born in Bradford cohort study
Authors: Elhakeem Ahmed , Clayton Gemma L , Soares Ana G , Taylor Kurt , Maitre Léa , Santorelli Gillian , Wright John , Lawlor Deborah A , Vrijheid Martine 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and with less favourable metabolic profile in nonpregnant adults. However, socioeconomic differences in pregnancy metabolic profile are unknown. We investigated association between a composite measure of SEP and pregnancy metabolic profile in White European (WE) and South Asian (SA) women.MethodsWe included 3,905 WE and 4,404 SA pregnant women from a population-based UK cohort. Latent class analysis was applied to nineteen individual, household, and area-based SEP indicators (collected by questionnaires or linkage to residential address) to derive a composite SEP latent variable. Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine 148 metabolic traits from mid-pregnancy serum samples. Associations between SEP and metabolic traits were examined using linear regressions adjusted for gestational age and weighted by latent class probabilities. An interactive application was developed for exploring all association results (https://aelhak.shinyapps.io/SEP_NMR_BiB/).ResultsFive SEP sub-groups were identified and labelled ‘Highest SEP’ (48% WE and 52% SA), ‘High-Medium SEP’ (77% and 23%), ‘Medium SEP’ (56% and 44%) ‘Low-Medium SEP’ (21% and 79%), and ‘Lowest SEP’ (52% and 48%). Lower SEP was associated with more adverse levels of 113 metabolic traits, including lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and higher triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) traits. For example, mean standardized difference (95%CI) inconcentration of small VLDL particles(vs. Highest SEP) was 0.12 standard deviation (SD) units (0.05 to 0.20) for ‘Medium SEP’ and 0.25SD(0.18 to 0.32) for ‘Lowest SEP’. There was statistical evidence of ethnic differences in associations of SEP with 31 traits, primarily characterised by stronger associations in WE women e.g., mean difference inHDL cholesterolin WE and SA women respectively (vs. Highest-SEP) was - 0.30SD(−0.41 to −0.20) and −0.16SD(−0.27 to −0.05) for ‘Medium SEP’, and −0.62SD(−0.72 to −0.52) and −0.29SD(−0.40 to −0.20) for ‘Lowest SEP’.ConclusionsWe found widespread socioeconomic differences in metabolic traits in pregnant WE and SA women residing in the UK, and clearer socioeconomic gradient for some traits in WE women. Supporting all pregnant women in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic groups may provide the greatest benefit for perinatal health.
Scientific Evidence of Prostate Cancer Progression Outcomes in Transgender Females after Hormone Replacement Therapy-Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: McAllister Brenna , Panteah Mylan , Nelson Emily , Petersen Britta , Hoskins Katie , Koshy-Chenthittayil Sherli , Caromile Leslie A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransgender females undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as a component of the gender affirmation treatment (GAT) commonly retain their prostate, rendering them susceptible to developing prostate cancer (PC). Currently, patients with localized PC receive endocrine therapy (e.g.,androgen ablation/castration). Once metastatic, patients undergo standard chemotherapy and/or novel treatment. Unfortunately, many fail to respond completely and develop untreatable, drug-resistant tumors consistent with reprogramming of crucial cell signal transduction pathways that promote tumor growth, invasiveness, and survival. There is no consensus among scientists or physicians on how HRT affects PC treatment options or its related signaling pathways, putting patients at risk for delayed diagnosis. This scoping review aims to analyze and collate the current scientific literature on PC progression in transgender females who have undergone HRT and how PC-initiated oncogenic pathways are impacted by HRT. The review’s findings can potentially inform transgender healthcare and research. This scoping review will follow the Population-Concept-Context methodology for Joanna Briggs Institution Scoping Reviews. Relevant peer-reviewed studies will be identified from the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus (Elsevier). Sources of unpublished studies/ grey literature to be searched include bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), and MedNar (Deep Web Technologies). The search strings using keywords such as gender-affirmation treatment, transgender females, and prostate cancer will be conducted using Boolean logic. There will be no limitation on language or date of publication.
Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors
Authors: Almulla Abbas F. , Thipakorn Yanin , Zhou Bo , Vojdani Aristo , Maes Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies have shown that Long COVID (LC) disease is associated with heightened immune activation, as evidenced by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analysis focusing on activation of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) along with other immune phenotypes in LC patients.ObjectivesThis meta-analysis is designed to explore the IRS and CIRS profiles in LC patients, the individual cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) and immune-associated neurotoxicity.MethodsTo gather relevant studies for our research, we conducted a thorough search using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, covering all available literature up to December 20th, 2023.ResultsThe current meta-analysis encompassed 82 studies that examined multiple immune profiles, C-reactive protein, and 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in 3836 LC patients versus 4537 normal controls (NC). LC patients showed significant increases in IRS/CIRS ratio (standardized mean difference (SMD:0.156, confidence interval (CI): 0.051;0.261), IRS (SMD: 0.345, CI: 0.222;0.468), M1 macrophage (SMD: 0.421, CI: 0.290;0.551), T helper (Th)1 (SMD: 0.353, CI: 0.189;0.517), Th17 (SMD: 0.492, CI: 0.332;0.651) and immune-associated neurotoxicity (SMD: 0.327 CI: 0.205;0.448). In addition, CRP and 19 different cytokines displayed significantly elevated levels in LC patients compared to NC.ConclusionLC disease is characterized by IRS activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity.
A complex model decomposition algorithm based on 3D frame fields and features
Authors: Zhang Chengpeng , Yu Zhihua , Shi Jimin , Li Yu , Xu Wenqiang , Guo Zheyi , Zhang Hongshi , Zhu Zhongyuan , Qiang Sheng 
Published: February 2024

PurposeHexahedral meshing is one of the most important steps in performing an accurate simulation using the finite element analysis (FEA). However, the current hexahedral meshing method in the industry is a nonautomatic and inefficient method, i.e. manually decomposing the model into suitable blocks and obtaining the hexahedral mesh from these blocks by mapping or sweeping algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to propose an almost automatic decomposition algorithm based on the 3D frame field and model features to replace the traditional time-consuming and laborious manual decomposition method.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed algorithm is based on the 3D frame field and features, where features are used to construct feature-cutting surfaces and the 3D frame field is used to construct singular-cutting surfaces. The feature-cutting surfaces constructed from concave features first reduce the complexity of the model and decompose it into some coarse blocks. Then, an improved 3D frame field algorithm is performed on these coarse blocks to extract the singular structure and construct singular-cutting surfaces to further decompose the coarse blocks. In most modeling examples, the proposed algorithm uses both types of cutting surfaces to decompose models fully automatically. In a few examples with special requirements for hexahedral meshes, the algorithm requires manual input of some user-defined cutting surfaces and constructs different singular-cutting surfaces to ensure the effectiveness of the decomposition.FindingsBenefiting from the feature decomposition and the 3D frame field algorithm, the output blocks of the proposed algorithm have no inner singular structure and are suitable for the mapping or sweeping algorithm. The introduction of internal constraints makes 3D frame field generation more robust in this paper, and it can automatically correct some invalid 3–5 singular structures. In a few examples with special requirements, the proposed algorithm successfully generates valid blocks even though the singular structure of the model is modified by user-defined cutting surfaces.Originality/valueThe proposed algorithm takes the advantage of feature decomposition and the 3D frame field to generate suitable blocks for a mapping or sweeping algorithm, which saves a lot of simulation time and requires less experience. The user-defined cutting surfaces enable the creation of special hexahedral meshes, which was difficult with previous algorithms. An improved 3D frame field generation method is proposed to correct some invalid singular structures and improve the robustness of the previous methods.
Lack of resilience after COVID-19: the role of family firm heterogeneity and behavior. fsQCA versus regression
Authors: Iborra María , López-Muñoz José Fernando , Safón Vicente 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis study analyzes antecedents explaining the lack of resilience in family-owned firms. Our model suggests that family-owned firms’ strategic behaviors and heterogeneity explain a particular crisis outcome: a lack of recovery.Design/methodology/approachOur evidence is based on a sample of 842 European family-owned firms. We complement regression analysis results with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).FindingsOur results show that lack of resilience is relevant. In fact, in our sample, 60% of family firms (FFs) failed to recover their sales. This evidence supports the role played by exploitation and exploration behavior as well as family heterogeneity in explaining the lack of recovery.Research limitations/implicationsOur results may offer guidance to practitioners and policymakers on the pathways that explain the lack of resilience.Practical implicationsAlthough it is unlikely that an external crisis such as COVID-19 will occur again to the same extent, other threatening events may occur and impact FFs. Understanding how FFs can avoid non-recovery is crucial: it can inform managers on how to deal with stressful events and provide guidance to economic authorities on how to help FFs around the world avoid non-recovery, which affects the economy.Originality/valueFirst, the study contributes to FF research by offering a theoretical explanation for the different effects of FF attributes on non-recovery in the context of a global crisis. Second, it contributes to the literature on organizational resilience by examining explorative and exploitative behaviors as antecedents of FF non-recovery. Third, we show the usefulness of combining fsQCA and regression analysis to understand complex phenomena.
Healthcare entrepreneurship: current trends and future directions
Authors: Lim Weng Marc , Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Escobar Octavio , Kumar Satish 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe goal of this article is to provide an overview of healthcare entrepreneurship, both in terms of its current trends and future directions.Design/methodology/approachThe article engages in a systematic review of extant research on healthcare entrepreneurship using the scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) as the review protocol and bibliometrics or scientometrics analysis as the review method.FindingsHealthcare entrepreneurship research has fared reasonably well in terms of publication productivity and impact, with diverse contributions coming from authors, institutions and countries, as well as a range of monetary and non-monetary support from funders and journals. The (eight) major themes of healthcare entrepreneurship research revolve around innovation and leadership, disruption and technology, entrepreneurship models, education and empowerment, systems and services, orientations and opportunities, choices and freedom and policy and impact.Research limitations/implicationsThe article establishes healthcare entrepreneurship as a promising field of academic research and professional practice that leverages the power of entrepreneurship to advance the state of healthcare.Originality/valueThe article offers a seminal state of the art of healthcare entrepreneurship research.
The influence of CMT-MAG and MAG welding-processes on microstructure and mechanical behaviour of C-Mn E410 structural-steels
Authors: Khajuria Akhil , Misra Anurag , Shiva S. 
Published: February 2024

PurposeAn experimental investigation for developing structure-property correlations of hot-rolled E410 steels with different carbon contents, i.e. 0.04wt.%C and 0.17wt.%C metal active gas (MAG) and cold metal transfer (CMT)-MAG weldments was undertaken.Design/methodology/approachMechanical properties and microstructure of MAG and CMT-MAG weldments of two E410 steels with varying content of carbon were compared using standardized mechanical testing procedures, and conventional microscopy.Findings0.04wt.%C steel had strained ferritic and cementite sub-structures in blocky shape and large dislocation density, while 0.17wt.%C steel consisted of pearlite and polygonal ductile ferrite. This effected yield strength (YS), and microhardness being larger in 0.04wt.%C steel, %elongation being larger in 0.17wt.%C steel. Weldments of both E410 steels obtained with CMT-MAG performed better than MAG in terms of YS, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), %elongation, and toughness. It was due to low heat input of CMT-MAG that resulted in refinement of weld metal, and subzones of heat affected zone (HAZ).Originality/valueA substantial improvement in YS (∼9%), %elongation (∼38%), and room temperature impact toughness (∼29%) of 0.04wt.%C E410 steel is achieved with CMT-MAG over MAG welding. Almost ∼10, ∼12.5, and ∼16% increment in YS, %elongation, and toughness of 0.17wt.%C E410 steel is observed with CMT-MAG. Relatively low heat input of CMT-MAG leads to development of fine Widmanstätten and acicular ferrite in weld metal and microstructural refinement in HAZ subzones with nearly similar characteristics of base metal.
Is webcare good for business? A study of the effect of managerial response strategies to online reviews on hotel bookings
Authors: Lopes Ana Isabel , Malthouse Edward C. , Dens Nathalie , De Pelsmacker Patrick 
Published: February 2024

PurposeEngaging in webcare, i.e. responding to online reviews, can positively affect consumer attitudes, intentions and behavior. Research is often scarce or inconsistent regarding the effects of specific webcare strategies on business performance. Therefore, this study tests whether and how several webcare strategies affect hotel bookings.Design/methodology/approachWe apply machine learning classifiers to secondary data (webcare messages) to classify webcare variables to be included in a regression analysis looking at the effect of these strategies on hotel bookings while controlling for possible confounds such as seasonality and hotel-specific effects.FindingsThe strategies that have a positive effect on bookings are directing reviewers to a private channel, being defensive, offering compensation and having managers sign the response. Webcare strategies to be avoided are apologies, merely asking for more information, inviting customers for another visit and adding informal non-verbal cues. Strategies that do not appear to affect future bookings are expressing gratitude, personalizing and having staff members (rather than managers) sign webcare.Practical implicationsThese findings help managers optimize their webcare strategy for better business results and develop automated webcare.Originality/valueWe look into several commonly used and studied webcare strategies that affect actual business outcomes, being that most previous research studies are experimental or look into a very limited set of strategies.