bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different mulch materials on the Photosynthetic Characteristics, yield, and soil water use efficiency of Wheat in Loess tableland
Authors: Ye Shenglan , Li Juan , Kong Hui , Shen Jianglong , Wu Dan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Due to the lack of precipitation and poor temporal and spatial stability in the Loess Plateau for a long time, it is necessary to adopt mulching technology to support the stable and high yield of wheat cultivation system. This study aims at exploring different mulching materials on the soil water content, photosynthetic characteristics, wheat yield, and yield components of winter wheat in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the traditional flat soil water content is the lowest in the seedling stage. In the jointing stage and heading stage of many crop water requirements, ridge film mulching treatment can effectively promote the growth of wheat and increase the water use efficiency. The leaf area index (LAI) of different treatments wheat showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In the jointing stage, ordinary mulching film (T1) and liquid mulching film (T3) had the highest LAI content, which were 3.78 and 3.71 respectively. The Pn and Gs in wheat flag leaves of T3 treatment is higher than that of CK throughout the entire growth period, and T3 significantly increased Ci and WUEi in different growth stage. And the grain number per panicle and grain weight of T3 treatment were 24.44 and 41.00 g, which were 19.3% and 5.4% higher than CK, respectively. Through the actual production calculation of the final harvest, the ridge film mulching has a significant increase in production compared with the CK. The yield of T3 treatment was 4980.25 kg•hm− 2, which was 29.37% higher than CK. It was significantly different from CK (P < 0.05). Based on the comprehensive analysis, the ridge film mulching treatment significantly affected the soil water content and wheat yield. And the liquid mulching film had the best effect. Exploring the impact of different covering techniques on the wheat cultivation system in the Loess Plateau region, to promote the scientific promotion of this technology.
Injectable core-shell microspheres deliver prime-boost immunisation in a single shot
Authors: Guyon Romain , Bau Luca , Reinke Sören , Salman Ahmed , Hill Adrian , Stride Eleanor , Milicic Anita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Incomplete vaccination poses a significant challenge to worldwide disease eradication efforts, resulting in approximately 1.5 million preventable deaths each year1. A single-injection method for administering a full prime-boost course of immunisation would help to improve global coverage, reduce preventable deaths, and alleviate logistical and cost burdens on healthcare systems2,3. To address this need, we have developed a system for high-precision continuous production of liquid-core-solid-shell microspheres, with tuneable size and thickness, that can be delivered by standard injection. These core-shell particles enable delayed vaccine release, with a lag phase programmable from two weeks to several months. In vivo proof-of-concept is demonstrated with the leading malaria vaccine, adjuvanted R214,5, in a mouse model: a single injection of the priming dose combined with the booster dose encapsulated within the core-shell particles resulted in higher immunogenicity and protection against malaria than a single, dose-matched, priming vaccine. The process is suitable for a wide range of vaccines, enables programmable delayed release, antigen stability and high encapsulation efficiency with ease of injection, potent immunogenicity and potential for production at scale. It thus offers a practical means of addressing the long-standing issue of delivering prime-boost immunisation with a single injection, a long-held goal of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and their Special Programme for Vaccine Development6.
Hip joint articulator-to-trochanteric distance measurements in children: which in children aged 5 to 14 years does not grow with age.
Authors: Yang Di , Ouyang Haiping , Wang Zhongliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
For pediatric orthopedists, the articulator-to-trochanteric distance (ATD) can be used in many diseases such as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), Developmental dysplaisa of the hips (DDH), Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), Pathological dislocation of the hips. The purpose of this study is to determine whether age affects the ATD values recorded in hip orthographic radiographs of children under the age of 14. The second aim is to study the growth rate of greater trochanter.
Methods
We retrospectively radiological results of 1787 cases of hip joint radiographs. The ATD, trochanter-to-trochanter distance (TTD), lesser trochanter-to-articular surface distance (LTA), capital femoral epiphysis-to- lesser trochanter distance (CLD) were measured. Grouping was performed according to gender and age. independent sample t-test, one-Way ANOVA were used.
Results
A total of 1787 cases of hip joints from six month to 14 years old were reviewed. The overall mean ATD of males aged 5 to 14 were 23.51 mm (p > 0.05), and that of females was 21.40 mm (p > 0.05), 95% confidence interval for male is (14.96, 31.60) mm, for female it is (13.99, 30.40) mm. k(TTD/AGE) was no statistical significance in k− male among men aged 8–14 (p > 0.05) and k− female among women aged 6–14 (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
Our data showed that the ATD value of children aged 5 to 14 years old was different between men and women in hip orthographic radiographs, but there was no difference between different ages. And the greater trochanter grows faster before the age of 8 for men and 6 for women.
Dietary inulin supplementation promote hepatic gluconeogenesis in goats
Authors: Zhu Dan , Hu Yun , Liu Yong , Zhou Chuanshe , Tan Zhiliang , Liu Qin , Kang Jinhe , Wang Zheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gluconeogenesis serves as the primary mechanism for ruminants acquire glucose. Enhancing gluconeogenesis can elevate the efficiency of glucose absorption in ruminants, subsequently boosting their growth and production capacity. In the context of ruminants, propionic acid stands out as a crucial substrate for gluconeogenesis. Increasing its production is therefore crucial for boosting gluconeogenesis. Inulin, a natural plant-derived polysaccharide, boasts capabilities such as fostering a healthier gut microbiota and modulating metabolism. Yet, limited research has been conducted on inulin's impact within the ruminant rumen ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary inulin supplementation affects rumen microbiota, rumen fermentation parameters, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in goats. In this study, 18 goats were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and the inulin group, with 9 goats in each group. In the inulin group, 18.9% inulin was added instead of normal corn. Serum insulin concentration in the inulin group decreased . Increased activity of gluconeogenic rate limiting enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase) and expression of FoxO1 in the liver. The mRNA expression levels of PAT1, DRA, MCT1, AE2 in rumen epithelium were increased. Meanwhile, inulin increased the concentration of total VFA and the proportion of propionic acid in ruminal fluid.In addition, inulin supplementation increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Lachnospiracea, Blautia, Prevellela-1, Pseudobotyrivibrio). Our findings suggest that inulin facilitates gluconeogenesis by amplifying the production of gluconeogenic substrates and curtailing insulin secretion.
TIMELESS promotes reprogramming of glucose metabolism in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Chen Yafan , Han Zhengyang , Zhang Le , Gao Caihong , Wei Jingyi , Yang Xuyuan , Han Yabing , Li Yunbo , Zhang Chunmei , Wei Yixin , Dong Jiaqi , Xun Wenxing , Sun Weifu , Zhang Taotao , Zhang Hui , Chen Jingtao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant of the oral cavity, with a high prevalence and a poor survival rate. There have been studies that indicate circadian disruption has been related to many biological processes within the body and contributes to different diseases, including cancer. Circadian gene TIMELESS is strongly expression-specific in various tumors, but there are very few studies on TIMELESS and OSCC in the literature. The goal of this research is to inquire the impact of TIMELESS on cell growth and glucose metabolism in OSCC.
Methods
Expression of TIMELESS in OSCC cell lines and tissues was analyzed by western blot, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) databases. To evaluate the role of TIMELESS in OSCC, the clone formation experiment, MTS assay, cell cycle assay, EdU experiment and subcutaneous tumor formation experiment in nude mice were employed to detect the cell proliferation. Changes in glucose metabolism phenotype were evaluated by glucose uptake, lactate production, oxygen consumption and medium pH to determine if the phenotypes were linked to TIMELESS, the effect of TIMELESS on SIRT1, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and LDHA was also examined.
Results
Our results demonstrated that the obvious elevation of TIMELESS in OSCC tissues and cell lines, high expression of TIMELESS was conferred shorter overall survival of patients. TIMELESS overexpression promoted OSCC cells proliferation, increased glucose uptake and lactate production, decreased oxygen consumption rate and pH. Whereas the knockdown of TIMELESS remarkably inhibited OSCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, increased oxygen consumption rate and pH, while overexpression of SIRT1 showed a reversed trend. Correlation analysis demonstrated that expression of SIRT1 was positively associated with TIMELESS expression, and the expression of SIRT1, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and LDHA could change with the variation of TIMELESS in OSCC cells.
Conclusion
TIMELESS promotes OSCC cell growth by promoting glycolysis and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation through SIRT1.
Effects of Nurses-led Multidisciplinary-Based Psychological Management in Spinal Surgery: a retrospective, propensity-score-matching comparative study
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Jiali , Li Peifang , Chen Hong , He Junbo , Wu Tingkuii , Wang Beiyu , Ning Ning 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients in spine surgery often have emotional disorders which is caused by multi-factors. Therefore, a multidisciplinary and multimodal intervention program is required to improve emotional disorders during the perioperative period. However, related studies were rare. This study aimed to confirm that the multidisciplinary-based psychological management leading by nurses was effective in treating emotional disorders and show the assignments of the members of the multidisciplinary team with the orientations of nurses.
Design:
A retrospective, comparative study.
Method
This study was a retrospective cohort research and compared the results between the intervention group and control group using the Huaxi Emotional Distress Index (HEI) which was used to evaluate emotional disorders. The intervention group consisted of patients who underwent surgery between January 2018 and December 2020 after psychological management was implemented. The control group consisted of patients with regular care who underwent surgery between January 2015 and December 2017. To improve comparability between the two groups, baseline data from the recruited patients were analyzed using propensity-score-matching (PSM) based on age, sex, marital status, education, and disease region.
Results
A total of 539 (11.5%) people developed emotional disorders, of which 319 (6.8%), 151 (3.2%) and 69 (1.5%) had mild, moderate mood and severe emotional disorders, respectively. 2107 pairs of patients were matched after PSM. Scores of HEI in the intervention group were heightened compared with those in the control group (P＜0.001) after matching. Moreover, the incidence of emotional disorders in patients decreased after implementing psychological management (P = 0.001). The severity of emotional disorders was alleviated with statistical significance as well (P = 0.010).
Conclusions
Nurses-led Multidisciplinary-Based psychological management was able to reduce the incidence of emotional disorders and improve the severity of these in spine surgery patients.
Reliability and validation of an electronic penicillin allergy risk-assessment tool in a pregnant population
Authors: Wang Joanne , Elwood Chelsea , Paquette Vanessa , Kwan Natasha , Erdle Stephanie , Watt Melissa , Schalkwyk Julie Van , Bone Jeffrey , Roberts Ashley , Mak Raymond , Wong Tiffany 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Penicillin allergy adversely impacts patient care, yet most cases do not have true allergies. Due to high reported prevalence of penicillin allergy, clinicians require efficient, reliable clinical tools to identify low risk patients who can be safely de-labeled. Our center implemented the FIRSTLINE electronic point-of-care decision support tool to help practitioners risk stratify patients with penicillin allergy. We sought to explore the reliability and validity of this tool in relation to actual patient outcomes. We additionally compared it with two other published stratification tools: JAMA and PENFAST, to assess ability to accurately identify low risk patients appropriate for direct oral challenge.
Methods:
In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, 181 pregnant females with self-reported penicillin allergy between July 2019 to June 2021 at BC Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada were used to assess the reliability and validity of all three tools. Physician-guided history of penicillin use and symptoms were used for scoring. Results and recommendations were compared to actual patient outcomes after clinician decision for direct oral challenge or intradermal tests. We additionally applied two other tools to the patient population and compared performance across the tools.
Results:
176 (97.2%) patients were assessed and deemed not allergic. Compared to the gold standard of clinician judgement, our electronic assessment tool has a specificity 0.93(0.88, 0.97), sensitivity 0.65 (0.41, 0.85), positive predictive value (PPV) 0.54 (0.33, 0.74), negative predictive value (NPV) 0.96 (0.91, 0.98). Other clinical tools were applied to the same population with the following results: 1) PENFAST specificity 0.85 (0.79, 0.90), sensitivity 0.40 (0.19, 0.64), PPV0.25 (0.11, 0.43), and NPV 0.92 (0.86, 0.96) and 2) JAMA toolkit specificity 0.66 (0.58, 0.73), sensitivity 0.85 (0.62, 0.97), PPV 0.24 (0.14, 0.35) and NPV 0.97 (0.92, 0.99).
Conclusion:
We demonstrate that our point-of-care electronic algorithm is reliable at identifying low risk pregnant patients, as compared to the gold standard of allergist assessment. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct comparison between multiple decision support tools using the same population, minimizing participant bias. Providing clinical algorithms to accurately identify patients with low risk penicillin allergy, can enable healthcare professionals to safely risk stratify individuals to direct penicillin oral challenges versus referral to specialists. This increases the generalizability and efficiency of penicillin allergy de-labelling.
HAR-BiNet: COVID-19 Prediction Using Hybrid Attention based Residual Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit
Authors: Joseph S. John , R Gandhiraj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the most disruptive emergency situations of the century, as seen globally, is the coronavirus epidemic and its quick spread. Clinical image analysis of chest computed tomography (CT)images can be useful in the prevention of the spread of this virus by providing a precise diagnosis. Detecting COVID-19 is possible with the use of artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis.Hence, a deep learning based technique is introduced in this research to forecast the COVID-19. The CT image acquired from the dataset is pre-processed using image resizing and image normalization to make the input image appropriate for the further processing. Then, the significant features will be extracted using convolutional neural network (CNN), Haralick Texture Features,and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG). Using the extracted attributes the optimal best features are chosen using the proposed Chaotic Fennec Fox Optimization (CFFA) algorithm. Using the selected features, COVID-19 prediction will be devised using the proposed Hybrid Attention ResidualBiGRUNetwork (HAR-BiNet), which is designed by integrating attention module, ResNet_152 and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit.The analysis of the proposed CFFA-HAR-BiNet based on accuracy, specificity, precision, recall, F1-Measure and MSE acquired the values of 96.10%, 99.71%, 96.54%, 94.70%, 96.30%, and 3.29% respectively.
Nematode-resistance loci in Upland cotton genomes are associated with structural differences
Authors: COHEN ZACHARY , Perkin Lindsey , Wagner Tanya , Liu Jinggao , Bell Alois , II Mark Arrick , Grover Corrinne , Yu John , Udall Joshua , Suh Charles 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Reniform and root-knot nematodes are two of the most destructive pests of conventional Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and continue to be a major threat to cotton production in semi-arid regions of the southern United States and Central America. Fortunately, natural tolerance to these nematodes has been identified in Pima cotton varieties (G. barbadense) and several Upland varieties (G. hirsutum), which has led to a robust breeding program that has successfully introgressed and stacked these independent resistant traits into several Upland cotton lines with superior agronomic traits, e.g. BAR 32-30 and BARBREN-713. This work identifies the genomic variations that have been bred into these nematode tolerant lineages by comparing their respective genomes to the last susceptible parental line Phytogen PSC355 (PSC355) in order to identify nematode resistant loci. We discover several large genomic differences within marker regions that harbor resistance genes and expression mechanisms shared by the resistant lines with respect to the susceptible parental line. This work emphasizes the utility of whole genome comparisons as a means of elucidating large and small differences by lineage.
Acute kidney injury in children hospitalized with unoperated structural congenital heart disease
Authors: Muralidhar Aishwarya Padubidri , Mahajan Akanksha , Mantan Mukta , Agarwal Anurag 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Most acute kidney injury (AKI ) has been reported in post operative children with congenital heart disease (CHD); limited data is available on unoperated cases who get admitted frequently with recurrent heart failure and pneumonia.
Methods
This observational study enrolled 125 (77M, 48F) hospitalized children (100 retrospective during 2019–2020 and 25 prospective in 2021) with unoperated structural CHD (2 months-5 years) with a minimum stay of 7 days. The primary objective was to determine proportion of children developing AKI by KDIGO and pRIFLE definition, during hospital stay; secondary objectives were to identify the risk factors for AKI. Children with underlying structural kidney diseases were excluded. Baseline serum creatinine values were obtained at admission followed by D3, D7 and weekly thereafter until discharge/death during the course of hospitalization.
Results
The median (IQR) age of enrolment was 6 (4–11) months; 72.8% had acyanotic and 27.2% cyanotic CHD. AKI as defined by KDIGO was seen in 50.4% and by pRIFLE in 56%; 27.2%, 12.8% % and 10.4% had stage I, II and stage III AKI by KDIGO classification. Timing of onset of AKI for most children (58.7%) was at admission (day 1). The mean recovery time from AKI was 11.2 days. Presence of hypovolemia (p = 0.015), cyanotic spells (p = 0.029), sepsis (p = 0.021), longer duration of ACE inhibitors (p = 0.029) and diuretic intake (p = 0.031) were significantly associated with AKI.
Conclusion
Significant proportion of children with unoperated CHD develop AKI during hospitalization which may have consequences on their post operative outcomes and progression to chronic kidney disease.
Microhabitat variation of ant nests mediates the local distribution and abundance of an ant associate
Authors: Parmentier Thomas , Braem Simon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Symbionts form intricate associations with their hosts. They can only establish when potential hosts are present, but their distribution is in addition often influenced by microhabitat preferences, which may not overlap to those of their hosts. This leads to a local patchy distribution of the symbiont, where it is present with some hosts while being absent from others. We studied the drivers of local distribution and density ofCyphoderus albinus, an obligate ant-associated springtail, across a mosaic of ant nests. The ant hosts display intra- and interspecific variation in nest structures, including soil, dead wood, arboreal and thatch mound nests. The springtail was always present in the thatch nests of red wood ants (Formica rufagroup) and the arboreal nests ofLasius fuliginosus. A high prevalence was recorded in the smaller thatch mounds ofFormica sanguinea. There was a higher likelihood to find the springtail in dead wood nests ofFormica fusca, Lasius and Myrmicaspecies compared to the soil nests of these host taxa. The springtail densities in thatch nests ofFormica(F. rufagroup andF. sanguinea) were much higher than those in other nest types and reached the highest densities (1148 individuals per L nest material) recorded for a social insect symbiont. Our findings emphasize that host nests with wood structures and thatch material provide a more favourable habitat for this symbiotic springtail compared to soil nests. Overall, this study underscores the importance of microhabitat variation in the local distribution and density of a symbiotic species.
Analytical Analysis of the Slotted Double-Sided Linear Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Motors by Considering Different Layers of Winding
Authors: shirzad ehsan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper states an analytical model for double-sided linear flux switching permanent magnet motors (DSLFSPMMs) to predict magnetic quantities more accurate and faster in comparison to numerical model in 2-layer of winding (single and double layer). At first, formulation of DSLFSPMMs based on Maxwell equations in different regions is implemented then by boundary conditions, unknown parameters are verified and revealed under each arbitrary number of teethes and slots eventually, the results of analytical model are compared with those which extracted from numerical model.