bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living alone and cancer mortality by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status among US working‐age adults
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Singh Gopal K. , Jemal Ahmedin , Islami Farhad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown an association between living alone and cancer mortality; however, findings by sex and race/ethnicity have generally been inconsistent, and data by socioeconomic status are sparse. The association between living alone and cancer mortality by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in a nationally representative US cohort was examined.MethodsPooled 1998–2019 data for adults aged 18–64 years at enrollment from the National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index (N = 473,648) with up to 22 years of follow‐up were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between living alone and cancer mortality.ResultsCompared to adults living with others, adults living alone were at a higher risk of cancer death in the age‐adjusted model (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.25–1.39) and after additional adjustments for multiple sociodemographic characteristics and cancer risk factors (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.16). Age‐adjusted models stratified by sex, poverty level, and educational attainment showed similar associations between living alone and cancer mortality, but the association was stronger among non‐Hispanic White adults (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.25–1.42) than non‐Hispanic Black adults (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32; p value for difference < .05) and did not exist in other racial/ethnic groups. These associations were attenuated but persisted in fully adjusted models among men (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23), women (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.18), non‐Hispanic White adults (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.20), and adults with a college degree (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07–1.39).ConclusionsIn this nationally representative study in the United States, adults living alone were at a higher risk of cancer death in several sociodemographic groups.
Evaluation of nutritional value, consumer preference, and profitability of orange‐fleshed sweet potato puree–incorporated bread and injera
Authors: Mengesha Asheber K. , Getahun Dereje , Gebeyehu Setegn , Brouwer Anthony Roland 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncorporation of orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) puree into wheat flour bread and teff flour injera can enrich the β‐carotene content of the products. Information about the optimal proportion of OFSP puree to be mixed with wheat and teff flour to make bread and injera is currently lacking in Ethiopia. This study was carried out to determine the optimum proportion of OFSP puree to be incorporated into wheat flour bread and teff flour injera, and to evaluate the nutritional content, sensory acceptability, and profitability of OFSP‐blended wheat bread and teff injera. Four OFSP puree:wheat flour ratio (0:100, 15:85, 30:70, and 45:55) and four OFSP puree:teff flour ratio (0:100, 15:85, 30:70, and 45:55) were evaluated. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for β‐carotene content among the four bread and injera treatments. The highest β‐carotene (2340 µg 100 g−1 and 1735.00 µg 100 g−1) content was found in the bread and injera blended with 45% OFSP puree, respectively. Marked differences were also found among bread treatments with overall acceptability scores of 6.22 (100% wheat flour bread) and 5.93 (15% OFSP puree blended bread). Similarly, overall sensory acceptability varied profoundly among injera treatments with the highest scores of 5.73 and 5.85 recorded for injera blended with 15% and 30% OFSP puree, respectively. Considering the higher β‐carotene content and sensory qualities, bread and injera made from wheat and teff flour blended with 30% OFSP puree is recommended for commercial production and consumption among urban and rural consumers, including the most vulnerable groups to vitamin A deficiency.
Alternative measures of trait–niche relationships: A test on dispersal traits in saproxylic beetles
Authors: Burner Ryan C. , Stephan Jörg G. , Drag Lukas , Potterf Mária , Birkemoe Tone , Siitonen Juha , Müller Jörg , Ovaskainen Otso , Sverdrup‐Thygeson Anne , Snäll Tord 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFunctional trait approaches are common in ecology, but a lack of clear hypotheses on how traits relate to environmental gradients (i.e., trait–niche relationships) often makes uncovering mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, measures of community functional structure differ in their implications, yet inferences are seldom compared among metrics. Community‐weighted mean trait values (CWMs), a common measure, are largely driven by the most common species and thus do not reflect community‐wide trait–niche relationships per se. Alternatively, trait–niche relationships can be estimated across a larger group of species using hierarchical joint species distribution models (JSDMs), quantified by a parameter Γ. We investigated how inferences about trait–niche relationships are affected by the choice of metric. Using deadwood‐dependent (saproxylic) beetles in fragmented Finnish forests, we followed a protocol for investigating trait–niche relationships by (1) identifying environmental filters (climate, forest age, and deadwood volume), (2) relating these to an ecological function (dispersal ability), and (3) identifying traits related to this function (wing morphology). We tested 18 hypothesized dispersal relationships using both CWM and Γ estimates across these environmental gradients. CWMs were more likely than Γ to show support for trait–niche relationships. Up to 13% of species' realized niches were explained by dispersal traits, but the directions of effects were consistent with fewer than 11%–39% of our 18 trait–niche hypotheses (depending on the metric used). This highlights the difficulty in connecting morphological traits and ecological functions in insects, despite the clear conceptual link between landscape connectivity and flight‐related traits. Caution is thus warranted in hypothesis development, particularly where apparent trait–function links are less clear. Inferences differ when CWMs versus Γ estimates are used, necessitating the choice of a metric that reflects study questions. CWMs help explain the effects of environmental gradients on community trait composition, whereas the effects of traits on species' niches are better estimated using hierarchical JSDMs.
Ranging ecology and resource selection of white‐lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in the world's largest tropical agricultural frontier
Authors: Costa Hugo C. M. , Storck‐Tonon Danielle , dos Santos‐Filho Manoel , da Silva Dionei José , Campos‐Silva João Vitor , Peres Carlos A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAgricultural commodity production is one the main drivers of deforestation in Legal Brazilian Amazonia resulting in a deforested and/or fragmented landscape formed by forest remnants of different sizes and shape embedded within the agricultural matrix. As an ecosystem engineer and a crucial seed predator, white‐lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) play a pivotal role in forest structure, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. However, they are highly sensitive to habitat fragmentation and hunting pressure. White‐lipped peccaries are, therefore, a wide‐ranging “landscape species,” the spatial and ecological requirements of which can be used to guide conservation planning in human‐modified landscapes. Using data from GPS‐tracked individuals in large‐scale mechanized agriculture landscapes in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil's largest soybean and maize producer, we investiated the home range size and resource selection during both the crop and non‐crop season. We observed a seasonal variation in home range size and an increased selection for croplands during the crop season. White‐lipped peccaries favored native vegetation patches and also exhibited avoidance of locations distant from perennial water bodies and distant cropland locations far from forest remmants. This study can contribute to inform effective conservation strategies and land management practices aimed at preserving suitable habitats and promoting wildlife coexistence with working agricultural landscapes.
High potential but low achievement: Frequent disturbance constrains the light use efficiency of river ecosystems
Authors: Thellman Audrey , Savoy Philip , Bernhardt Emily 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe rarely consider light limitation in ecosystem productivity, yet light limitation is a major constraint on river autotrophy. Because the light that reaches benthic autotrophs must first pass through terrestrial vegetation and an overlying water column that can be loaded with sediments or colored organic material, there is strong selection for river autotrophs to have high light use efficiencies (LUEs), that is, the efficiency at which light energy is converted to biomass. In contrast to prior studies that have estimated river LUE on single days, we calculated continuous LUE over more than 6 full years for 64 free‐flowing rivers across the United States. This dataset represents the largest compilation of continuous estimates of daily rates of gross primary productivity (GPP) and daily light inputs from which we calculated daily estimates of LUE. Early estimates of LUE in rivers found that clearwater springs with stable flows could achieve LUEs of 4%, much higher than LUEs reported for terrestrial plants. We found that 53% of the rivers in our dataset have LUEs that exceed 4% on at least one day of their time series. Because of the high variability in daily LUE, measurements taken on any given day may misrepresent a river ecosystem's annual LUE. Though most rivers share a high potential, the mean annual LUE of all rivers in our dataset is much lower, only 0.5%. We found that rivers with more variable flow regimes had lower annual LUEs, which indicates that LUE is constrained by hydrologic disturbances that remove, bury, or shade autotrophic biomass. Comparisons of LUE across ecosystems allow us to reframe our view of rivers, by recognizing the high efficiency with which they convert light to biomass compared with lentic, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems.
Cushing's syndrome presenting as non‐atherosclerotic myocardial infarction and heart failure
Authors: Li Yanming , He Songqing , Feng Jing , Ma Sai , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCushing's syndrome is a rare cause of myocardial infarction and heart failure. Herein, we report a female patient who presented acute myocardial infarction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The patient was found to have hypercortisolism secondary to adrenocortical adenoma and responded well to therapy. This case underlines the effects of hypercortisolism on the cardiovascular system. The clinical presentation of this patient is unique because non‐atherosclerotic myocardial infarction is rarely reported in Cushing's syndrome patients.
Twin Polymerization: A Unique Strategy towards Versatile Functional Materials
Authors: Scharf Sebastian , Notz Sebastian , Lang Heinrich 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwin polymerization (=TP), a non‐aqueous synthetic methodology for the preparation of inorganic‐organic hybrid materials, by using, for example, salicylic‐ or furfurylic‐functionalized main‐group elements and/or transition metal‐based twin monomers, results in the formation of interpenetrating phase (nano)domains in a single step. The chemical, analytical and physical properties including theoretical studies of the (co)polymerization process of the respective twin monomers, polymers and the as‐generated hybrid and composite materials are described. Furthermore, the synthesis of hierarchical materials such as carbon hollow spheres as well as the encapsulation of nanoparticles (=NPs) within them by applying TP is envisaged. TP gives access to a wide range of applications (e. g., coatings for a variety of substrates, textile functionalization, carbon materials for Li−S or redox‐flow batteries) which will be discussed herein. The use of NP‐decorated hybrid and composite materials and nanoparticular MgO as catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis is reported as well.
Asymmetric Propargylic C−C Bond Formation Using Metal–Allenylidene Species
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Ping , You Yong , Yin Jun‐Qing , Wang Zhen‐Hua , Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Li Qun , Yuan Wei‐Cheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe alkyne group is the key component of many bioactive molecules and versatile synthetic building block, thus the introduction of which into target molecules has attracted considerable interest from scientists. Moreover, tertiary and quaternary stereocenters are common motifs in natural products and drugs, however, the asymmetric construction of such motifs is one of the challenging tasks due to the steric congestion of multiple stereospecific substituents attached to one carbon. Metal–allenylidene are an excellent type of electrophilic species. The asymmetric addition of carbon‐nucleophiles at Cγ of the metal–allenylidene provides an effective way to construct tertiary and quaternary stereocenters as well as to introduce an alkyne group. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art asymmetric propargylic C−C bond formation via metal‐allenylidene generated in situ from propargylic alcohol derivatives are presented. Synthetic applications, mechanistic insights are addressed. The challenges and opportunities of this field are also discussed.
Building a multi‐scale, collaborative, and time‐integrated digital crust: The next stage of the Macrostrat data system
Authors: Quinn Daven P. , Idzikowski Casey R. , Peters Shanan E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMacrostrat is a platform for deep‐time geoscientific research that integrates stratigraphic columns and geologic maps into a digital description of the crust. The database and supporting software track crustal evolution and provide location‐based geological information to geoscience end users. Macrostrat houses multiple scales of mapping and stratigraphic data, from continent‐ and basin level summaries to single quadrangles and measured sections. Currently, Macrostrat's primary data holdings consist of regional stratigraphic columns with a spatial footprint weighted heavily to North America. While the data are of sufficient scale and resolution to generate insights about Earth evolution, increasing resolution and expanding spatial coverage will allow a new generation of scientific and interpretive uses. The next phase of Macrostrat's development will increase the detail and complexity of Macrostrat's multiscale data holdings, largely by engaging a wider range of geoscientists in entering stratigraphic data. To support broad collaboration, we are building new web‐based software to assemble and visualize regional stratigraphic sequences, refine multiple working age models, and compose regional records from measured stratigraphic sections. These tools will allow Macrostrat to draw on the expertise of a wide range of geoscience workers and grow a dataset with global relevance and a variety of end uses. New capabilities will pave the way to processes for submission, review, coordination, and assimilation of community‐contributed stratigraphic datasets. Digital compilation of geological maps and columns requires substantial effort, and well‐designed systems for distributing this work in the geoscience community will allow Macrostrat to build more adaptable and scientifically relevant products.
Comparing hydrological responses across catchments using a new soil water content metric
Authors: Segura C. , Penna D. , Borga M. , Hissler C. , Iffly J. F. , Klaus J. , Latron J. , Llorens P. , Marchina C. , Martínez‐Carreras N. , Pfister L. , Zuecco G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil water content (SWC) is a fundamental variable involved in several hydrological processes governing catchment functioning. Comparative analysis of hydrological processes in different catchments based on SWC data is therefore beneficial to infer driving factors of catchment response. Here, we explored the use of high‐temporal resolution SWC data in three forested catchments (2.4–60 ha) in different European climates to characterize hydrological responses during wet and dry conditions. The investigated systems include Ressi, Italy, with a humid temperate climate, Weierbach, Luxembourg, with a semi‐oceanic climate, and Can Vila, Spain, with a Mediterranean climate. We introduced a new SWC metric defined as the difference between seasonal mean SWC at a relatively shallow and a deep soil layer. The difference is classified in three distinct states: similar SWC between the two layers, higher SWC in the deeper layer, and higher SWC in the shallow layer. In the most humid site, Ressi, we frequently found similar SWC at the two soil depths which was associated with high runoff ratios. Despite similar precipitation amounts in Can Vila and Weierbach, SWC patterns were very different in both catchments. In Weierbach, SWC was similar across the entire soil profile during wet conditions, whereas evaporation of shallow water resulted in higher SWC in the deep soil layer during dry conditions. This led to high runoff ratios during wet conditions and low runoff ratios during dry conditions. In Can Vila, SWC was consistently higher in the deeper layer compared to the shallow layer, irrespective of the season, suggesting an important role of hydraulic redistribution and vertical water movement in this site. Our approach provides an easy and useful method to assess differences in hydrological behaviour solely based on SWC data. As similar datasets are increasingly collected and available, this opens the possibility for further analyses and comparisons in sites around the globe with contrasted physiographic and climate characteristics.
Carbon monoxide release from ultrasound‐sensitive microbubbles improves endothelial cell growth
Authors: Changizi Shirin , Marquette Isabel G. , VanSant Jennifer , Alghazwat Osamah , Elgattar Adnan , Liao Yi , Bashur Chris A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon monoxide is a gasotransmitter that may be beneficial for vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies because it can promote endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and migration by binding to heme‐containing compounds within cells. For example, CO may be beneficial for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia because many patients' disrupted blood–brain barriers do not heal naturally. However, control of the CO dose is critical, and new controlled delivery methods need to be developed. This study developed ultrasound‐sensitive microbubbles with a carefully controlled precipitation technique, loaded them with CO, and assessed their ability to promote EC proliferation and function. Microbubbles fabricated with perfluoropentane exhibited good stability at room temperature, but they could still be ruptured and release CO in culture with application of ultrasound. Microbubbles synthesized from the higher boiling point compound, perfluorohexane, were too stable at physiological temperature. The lower‐boiling point perfluoropentane microbubbles had good biocompatibility and appeared to improve VE‐cadherin expression when CO was loaded in the bubbles. Finally, tissue phantoms were used to show that an imaging ultrasound probe can efficiently rupture the microbubbles and that the CO‐loaded microbubbles can improve EC spreading and proliferation compared to control conditions without microbubbles as well as microbubbles without application of ultrasound. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential for use of these ultrasound‐sensitive microbubbles for improving blood vessel endothelialization.
Clinical profile of pathological urticarial vasculitis: A retrospective study
Authors: Benarab Sarah , Chepy Aurélien , Dezoteux Fréderic , Azib Selma , Hachulla Eric , Launay David , Verhasselt‐Crinquette Marie , Sanges Sébastien , Staumont‐Sallé Delphine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs there are no definite classification criteria for urticarial vasculitis (UV), its diagnosis is often challenging and usually proposed when urticarial lesions and pathological vasculitis coexist. By analysing the final diagnosis of patients whose skin biopsies showed both urticaria and vasculitis, we sought to decipher the clinical heterogeneity of this condition.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of patients with pathological signs of urticaria and vasculitis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, descriptive, single‐centre study within Lille University Hospital and included adult patients with a skin biopsy performed between 2000 and 2021, and whose pathological report mentioned the codes for “leukocytoclastic angiitis” and “urticaria”. Clinical data were then collected from medical records.ResultsWe identified 61 patients with pathological diagnosis of UV and classified them into four groups according to the final diagnosis made by the managing clinicians: 14 patients were diagnosed with UV (normo‐[NUV] or hypocomplementemic UV [HUV]), 10 with urticaria (including 8 chronic urticaria [CU]), 24 with an “undetermined diagnosis” (when elements did not allow firm diagnosis between CU and UV, due to an atypical clinical presentation of urticarial lesions), and 13 with an “other but well‐defined diagnosis”. Fibrinoid necrosis, classically associated with UV, was observed in 4/9 patients (44%) in the urticaria group. Antihistamines were effective not only in all patients with urticaria, but also in NUV and “undetermined diagnosis” group.ConclusionsThese data suggest that pathological signs of UV may be shared by various clinical situations, raising the hypothesis of a continuous spectrum between CU and UV.
Manipulation of Photonic Jets of Topological Gratings Comprising ITO Strips and Nanowalls Using Refractive Indices of Dielectric Nanofilms
Authors: Silalahi Harry Miyosi , Chiang Yu‐Chih , Lin Shih‐Hung , Jiang Yan‐Rong , Huang Chia‐Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a quick measurement of the refractive index of dielectric nanofilm via a fabricated topological grating that comprises indium tin oxide (ITO) strips and nanowalls with an extremely high aspect ratio of 25. As the topological grating is capped with a dielectric nanofilm, the parabolic fields of the nanowalls destructively interfere with those of the ITO strips. This destructive interference weakens the photonic jets of the topological grating, decreasing its diffraction efficiency. The decrease in the diffraction efficiency determines the refractive index of the nanofilm without measuring its thickness in advance because the efficiency decrease is independent of the thickness. In other words, the photonic jets of the topological grating are manipulated by the refractive index of the nanofilm. The experimental results verify that refractive indices of titanium‐dioxide, silicon‐dioxide, and bovine‐serum‐albumin nanofilms with a thickness much smaller than the visible wavelengths can be measured by using the proposed topological grating. Therefore, topological gratings have great potential to develop advanced materials, fascinating devices, and innovative instruments.