bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured thin films of TiO2 tailored by anodization
Authors: Luna-Cervantes Marcos , Valdespino-Padilla Duilio , Siqueiros Beltrones Jesús M , Peredo Luis Zamora , Torres Julián Hernández , Cruz-Jáuregui Ma de la Paz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although nanostructured TiO2 layers have been widely prepared by anodization, thin films with thicknesses under 1 μm, over substrate other than Ti foils, with structures beyond the nanopores, had remained a challenge. In this work, such nanostructured TiO2 thin films were synthesized by anodization of Ti films deposited by sputtering on FTO/glass substrates. Anodization was performed in an electrolyte based on 0.6 wt% of NH4F, a graphite cathode and the application of 30 V during lapses ranging from 3 to 14 min. The amorphous TiO2 structures acquired the crystal anatase phase after a post-annealing treatment at 450 °C/4 h. Porous morphologies were observed for anodizing times of 3 and 4 min, sponges were formed with 5 and 6 min and vertical tubular structures were achieved by using 7 up to 9 min; dissolution was observed for longer times. Pore diameters of the structures were in the range of 27 to 47 nm, lengths were within the 330 and 1000 nm interval, transmittance was in the visible range of 70 ± 10%, the energy gap was 3.37 ± 0.02 eV and the wet contact angle was between 20 to 27°. One major contribution of the findings herein developed, is that they can be extended to TiO2 thin films, with a specific nanostructure, grown on a wide gamma of substrates, relevant for particular applications.
Micrometeorological effects and thermal-environmental benefits of cool pavements: findings from a detailed observational field study in Pacoima, California
Authors: Taha Haider 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cool pavements represent one of several strategies that can mitigate the effects of urban overheating by increasing albedo. By definition, this means increasing reflected and potentially re-absorbed short-wave radiation but also decreased surface and air temperatures and longwave upwelling, thus reducing radiant temperatures. So far, real-world studies have been inconclusive as to net effects from cool pavements. A project by GAF installed reflective pavements in Pacoima, California, in summer of 2022. This study set out to perform detailed, high spatiotemporal resolution, multi-platform observations to quantify micrometeorological benefits of the cool pavements and address concerns regarding glare, chemistry/air quality, and pedestrian thermal comfort. Results indicated large variability, as expected, but that the dominant effects were beneficial both in direct side-by-side, real-time comparisons (RT) between test and reference areas, as well as in difference-of-difference (DofD) to quantify local changes in test areas. During a heatwave in September 2022, maximum air-temperature differences (averaged over individual street segments) reached up to −1.9 °C RT in the afternoon. During non-heatwave, hot summer days, the largest street-segment-averaged afternoon air-temperature differences reached up to −1.4 °C RT or −2.8 °C DofD, and surface temperature up to −9.2 °C RT or −12.2 °C DofD. Whereas above values represent maximum effects, more typical street-segment averages also showed statistically significant benefits. In the afternoon, the mean of air-temperature differences was −0.2 °C RT and −1.2 °C DofD. The mean of surface-temperature differences was −2.6 °C RT and −4.9 °C DofD. Indicators of pedestrian thermal comfort also showed variability but predominantly a cooling effect. The mean of differences in mean radiant temperature was between −0.9 and −1.3 °C RT, and for physiological equivalent temperature, between −0.2 °C and −0.6 °C RT and −1.7 °C DofD. In terms of predicted mean vote, the mean of differences was −0.09 RT and −0.32 DofD.
Evaluation of the drought resilience of indigenous irrigation water systems: a case study of dry zone Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe Romitha , Nakamura Shinichiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The wave of modernization and globalization in the last century has rapidly involved a technological paradigm shift from indigenous irrigation water systems to modern systems in arid regions. Despite interest in the drought resilience of indigenous water systems, the impact of this paradigm shift on drought resilience remains poorly understood because previous studies have focused on fixed irrigation water systems. To fill this gap, we investigated the drought resilience of an indigenous and modern irrigation water system that coexists in the drought-prone Mahaweli H region of the Sri Lankan dry zone. To explain drought resilience, we quantified the historical irrigation system performance (1985–2021) of both water systems using the water duty indicator (i.e., the volume of water required to cultivate a unit land area). The statistical Pettitt test was used to detect significant change points in the time series of water duty, and we divided the time line into few periods based on the change points. Furthermore, a quantitative trend analysis of several socio-hydrological variables and a qualitative analysis of their socio-hydrological backgrounds with triggers of water duty were conducted to explain drought resilience path dependency in modern and indigenous water systems. The results indicated a higher drought resilience is embedded in the indigenous system as the mean water duty increment in drought years compared to non-drought years is 16.4% for the indigenous system and 58.3% for the modern system. In addition, drought resilience pathways that elucidated by water duty change points also demonstrated that indigenous water system features a higher drought resilience compared to the modern water system. The findings of this comparative study can contribute to the design of drought resilience improvement strategies in arid region irrigation water systems in a more comprehensive manner.
Fertilization enhances rice productivity by promoting phosphorus uptake and altering soil microbiota
Authors: Wu Changzhou , Wu Bo , Lin Suhong , Chen Tongying , You Xinxin , Wang Sheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fertilization can enhance crop yield and improve soil health. However, its effects on nutrient uptake, soil microbiota, and rice yield remain unclear. Herein, we designed a double-cropping system with different fertilization treatments to determine their contributions to paddy soil agroecosystem and rice yield. Soil samples were collected before planting the early rice, after harvesting early rice, and after harvesting the late rice. Soil physicochemical properties, and rice yield, and rice nutrient (total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents) were determined. Variation of soil microbiota were also determined by high-throughput sequencing. We found that soil potassium content significantly improved during the planting process (P < 0.05), while rice phosphorus displayed significant variation under fertilization (P < 0.05). Notably, late rice yield was significantly higher than early rice yield (P < 0.001) after fertilization treatment. Furthermore, rice yield was positively correlated with available soil phosphorus (P < 0.05), indicating that fertilization promoted phosphorus uptake. Organic fertilizer altered the soil microbiota and increased Chloroflexi phyla abundance, while organic fertilizer combined with a compound microbial agent increased the diversity of soil microbial communities. A partial least squares path model revealed that fertilizer treatment directly positively affected rice yield by influencing phosphorus uptake and Shannon index (P < 0.01). Collectively, this study demonstrates that organic fertilization with compound microbial agents can stabilize soil nutrients, increase soil microbial diversity, and improve rice yield, thereby offering a guide for enhancing fertilizer utilization and improving agroecosystems.
Manipulating optical absorption and polarization using microwave control in an atomic vapor
Authors: Tretiakov A , Potts C A , Lu B , Davis J P , LeBlanc L J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The multiplicity of atomic states (and the transitions between them) offer an innate, coherent platform through which microwave and optical fields effectively interact. In an atomic vapor near room temperature, we combine optical and microwave fields to generate a macroscopic internal angular momentum among the atoms—an atomic polarization—at an arbitrary angle with respect to the optical (laser) beam. This geometric freedom enables microwave control over photonic degrees of freedom, which we use in two demonstrations: using microwave-assisted optical pumping, we can rotate linear polarization through several degrees, and we can control the absorption for specific transitions and polarizations, which has applications for microwave-to-optical transduction.
Optimization of responses in single and multi-point machining processes using Dragon-fly algorithm coupled with TOPSIS and VIKOR decision-making approaches
Authors: Ramena Durga Venkata Prasad , Arun Vikram Kothapalli , Maruvada Satya Sankara Srinivas Rao , Sanjana Jagarapu , Balaraju Avija 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to complex production practices, it is becoming crucial to provide greater thermal management and friction reduction in manufacturing processes. Lubricants play a crucial role by effectively reducing friction, minimizing wear and tear thereby extending the lifespan of the tool. It is observed that there is a shortage of studies associated with the machining of hard materials like Ti-6Al-4V. The present work has therefore focused on the machining of high-grade Titanium alloy under dry and Neem oil aerosol-mist spray wet conditions. The machining is performed on two kinds of machining processes, such as plain facing with single point tool and co-axial turn-mill facing with multi-point cutting tools on computer numerical controlled Turn-mill machine tool. Furthermore, there are very few articles reported on usage of Neem oil (AzadirachtaIndicaL.) as a lubricant. This has motivated the authors to use Neem oil in a mist condition to minimize the quantity of coolant, without compromising on the tool temperature, surface quality, and tool-wear. The responses obtained are subjected to regression analysis to evolve the fitness functions. Multi-objective optimization of these functions is than adopted using Dragon-fly algorithm (MODA) under the constraints of the machining parameters. A set of pareto optimal solutions for each of the machining cases are obtained and are further evaluated using TOPSIS and VIKOR decision-making approaches to achieve the optimal values of the cutting parameters. The optimum parameters for single point cutting under wet conditions were observed as speed (592 rpm), feed (0.058 mm rev−1) and depth of cut (1.00 mm).The corresponding values of responses were tool temperature (37.05 °C), surface roughness (0.128 μm) and tool wear (155.19 μm). The equivalent values for multi-point cutting were determined as 510 rpm, 0.086 mm rev−1 and 0.25 mm. The responses for these optimal conditions are 32.17 °C, 0.725 μm and 45.72 μm in that order.
Modeling of compressive stress in AlSi10Mg alloys using feed-forward neural networks
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Alejandro E , Acevedo-Alvarado Mario 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of modeling compressive stress in AlSi10Mg composites by introducing a method that employs feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs) and their interpretability, which helps to simulate and analyze material behavior under various conditions. The main objective is to develop a predictive ANN model that can effectively simulate material responses under several factors, incorporating diverse testing parameters and material specifications related with its synthesis. An optimized ANN model, featuring eleven neurons in its hidden layer, was used and demonstrated high predictive accuracy, achieving R
2 values exceeding 0.94. Additionally, a SHAP interpretability analysis was conducted to assess the influence of key factors such as strain and material conditions on the stress response. The results highlight the significant role of material synthesis processes, compared to the strain rate, in the stress response. In conclusion, this method presents a comprehensive tool for studying complex stress behaviors in AlSi10Mg-based composites , offering insights that could guide future material development and research.
Between Prophecy and Apocalypse
Authors: Gabriele Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This book maps the movement between two intellectual stances, best described as a shift from prophetic to apocalyptic thinking in medieval Europe. Although the roots of this change lay in late antiquity, the fulcrum of this transition lies in the tenth and eleventh centuries. Biblical commentators in the fourth and fifth centuries enforced a particular understanding of sacred time that held until the ninth century, when exegetes found in their commentaries a different plan for God’s new chosen people. This came into stark relief as the new kingdom of Israel (the Frankish empire under the Carolingians) had splintered in the 840s during the Carolingian civil war. What was perhaps unforeseen was that these commentaries that were written in this specific context would be heavily copied and read for the next 200 years. Ideas that formed in a world that actively lamented the loss of empire had to be translated to a world that could only dream of that empire. As they spread across Europe, these ideas became the basis for monastic educational practices and bled into other types of textual production, such as supposedly “secular” histories. A movement towards surety can be seen in our sources, as in the eleventh century, when medieval Europeans began to try to enact what they thought was God’s plan, often with fire and sword.
Introduction
Authors: Gabriele Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the parameters of the book as a whole, asking us to question common assumptions about tenth- and eleventh-century Europe. Too often, modern scholars are trapped by the preoccupations of our nineteenth-century forebears who (often explicitly) analyzed the turn of the first millennium within the context of their own contemporary politics. To escape this trap we need to return to a version of medieval Europe that is more honest to our sources and allows our subjects agency. As such, the chapter redefines “prophecy” and “apocalyptic” and suggests a new approach termed “Instrumental History.”
Virtual wards for people with frailty: what works, for whom, how and why—a rapid realist review
Authors: Westby Maggie , Ijaz Sharea , Savović Jelena , McLeod Hugh , Dawson Sarah , Welsh Tomas , Le Roux Hein , Walsh Nicola , Bradley Natasha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Virtual wards (VWs) deliver multidisciplinary care at home to people with frailty who are at high risk of a crisis or in crisis, aiming to mitigate the risk of acute hospital admission. Different VW models exist, and evidence of effectiveness is inconsistent.

Aim
We conducted a rapid realist review to identify different VW models and to develop explanations for how and why VWs could deliver effective frailty management.

Methods
We searched published and grey literature to identify evidence on multidisciplinary VWs. Information on how and why VWs might ‘work’ was extracted and synthesised into context-mechanism-outcome configurations with input from clinicians and patient/public contributors.

Results
We included 17 peer-reviewed and 11 grey literature documents. VWs could be short-term and acute (1–21 days), or longer-term and preventative (typically 3–7 months). Effective VW operation requires common standards agreements, information sharing processes, an appropriate multidisciplinary team that plans patient care remotely, and good co-ordination. VWs may enable delivery of frailty interventions through appropriate selection of patients, comprehensive assessment including medication review, integrated case management and proactive care. Important components for patients and caregivers are good communication with the VW, their experience of care at home, and feeling involved, safe and empowered to manage their condition.

Conclusions
Insights gained from this review could inform implementation or evaluation of VWs for frailty. A combination of acute and longer-term VWs may be needed within a whole system approach. Proactive care is recommended to avoid frailty-related crises.
Genome-wide investigation of SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like genes in Liriodendron and functional characterization of LcSPL2
Authors: Zhang Yu , Hu Qinghua , Zhai Xinyu , Tu Zhonghua , Wang Jing , Wang Minxin , Li Huogen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The plant-specific SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors play a pivotal role in various developmental processes, including leaf morphogenesis and vegetative to reproductive phase transition. Liriodendron chinense and Liriodendron tulipifera are widely used in landscaping due to their tulip-like flowers and peculiar leaves. However, the SPL gene family in Liriodendron has not been identified and systematically characterized. We systematically identified and characterized the SPL family members in Liriodendron, including phylogeny, gene structure and syntenic analyses. Subsequently, we quantified the expression patterns of LcSPLs across various tissue sites through transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays and identified the target gene, LcSPL2. Finally, we characterized the functions of LcSPL2 via ectopic transformation. Altogether, 17 LcSPL and 18 LtSPL genes were genome-widely identified in L. chinense and L. tulipifera, respectively. All the 35 SPLs were grouped into 9 clades. Both species had three SPL gene pairs arising from segmental duplication events, and the LcSPLs displayed high collinearity with the L. tulipifera genome. RT-qPCR assays showed that SPL genes were differentially expressed in different tissues, especially. Because LcSPL2 is highly expressed in pistils and leaves, it was selected to describe the SPL gene family of L. chinense by ectopic expression. We showed that overexpression of LcSPL2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in earlier flowering and fewer rosette leaves. Moreover, we observed that overexpression of LcSPL2 in A. thaliana up-regulated the expression levels of four genes related to flower development. This study identified SPL genes in Liriodendron and characterized the function of LcSPL2 in advancing flower development.
BioModME for building and simulating dynamic computational models of complex biological systems
Authors: Womack Justin A , Shah Viren , Audi Said H , Terhune Scott S , Dash Ranjan K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Summary
Molecular mechanisms of biological functions and disease processes are exceptionally complex, and our ability to interrogate and understand relationships is becoming increasingly dependent on the use of computational modeling. We have developed “BioModME,” a standalone R-based web application package, providing an intuitive and comprehensive graphical user interface to help investigators build, solve, visualize, and analyze computational models of complex biological systems. Some important features of the application package include multi-region system modeling, custom reaction rate laws and equations, unit conversion, model parameter estimation utilizing experimental data, and import and export of model information in the Systems Biology Matkup Language format. The users can also export models to MATLAB, R, and Python languages and the equations to LaTeX and Mathematical Markup Language formats. Other important features include an online model development platform, multi-modality visualization tool, and efficient numerical solvers for differential-algebraic equations and optimization.

Availability and implementation
All relevant software information including documentation and tutorials can be found at https://mcw.marquette.edu/biomedical-engineering/computational-systems-biology-lab/biomodme.php. Deployed software can be accessed at https://biomodme.ctsi.mcw.edu/. Source code is freely available for download at https://github.com/MCWComputationalBiologyLab/BioModME.
imputomics: web server and R package for missing values imputation in metabolomics data
Authors: Chilimoniuk Jarosław , Grzesiak Krystyna , Kała Jakub , Nowakowski Dominik , Krętowski Adam , Kolenda Rafał , Ciborowski Michał , Burdukiewicz Michał 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Missing values are commonly observed in metabolomics data from mass spectrometry. Imputing them is crucial because it assures data completeness, increases the statistical power of analyses, prevents inaccurate results, and improves the quality of exploratory analysis, statistical modeling, and machine learning. Numerous Missing Value Imputation Algorithms (MVIAs) employ heuristics or statistical models to replace missing information with estimates. In the context of metabolomics data, we identified 52 MVIAs implemented across 70 R functions. Nevertheless, the usage of those 52 established methods poses challenges due to package dependency issues, lack of documentation, and their instability.

Results
Our R package, ‘imputomics’, provides a convenient wrapper around 41 (plus random imputation as a baseline model) out of 52 MVIAs in the form of a command-line tool and a web application. In addition, we propose a novel functionality for selecting MVIAs recommended for metabolomics data with the best performance or execution time.

Availability and implementation
‘imputomics’ is freely available as an R package (github.com/BioGenies/imputomics) and a Shiny web application (biogenies.info/imputomics-ws). The documentation is available at biogenies.info/imputomics.
Climate change impact on small mammals from two Neotropical hotspots
Authors: de Castro Evaldt Bruno Henrique , Leite Yuri Luiz Reis , Loss Ana Carolina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Current climate change represents the unprecedented change in weather patterns across global and regional scales over a short period due to human activity. It is expected to drive changes in species distributions across the globe. Our goal here was to analyse (i) how climate change can impact the future distribution of species in two Neotropical hotspots, and (ii) how future distribution can impact the threatened status of species. We used ecological niche modelling to estimate suitable areas in the present and four future climate change scenarios (SSPs) for 40 species of nonvolant small mammals endemic to the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes of South America. We also inferred species’ future threat levels according to the IUCN’s A3 criteria using future relative area estimates. We found that species will gradually lose more area in all future scenarios, from the most optimistic Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP1-2.6) to the most pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) scenario. Species endemic to the Cerrado will see a greater area reduction than species endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Consequently, the Cerrado will have more threatened species than the Atlantic Forest. Species that occupy both biomes will lose proportionally less area than those endemic to the Cerrado but more area than those endemic to the Atlantic Forest. In conclusion, small mammal species will, in general, be negatively impacted by climate change. However, the degree of impact depends on the trajectory of greenhouse gas concentrations and where the species live.