bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic steatosis in artificially fed marine teleosts
Authors: Spisni E , Tugnoli M , Ponticelli A , Mordenti T , Tomasi V 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a comparison of livers in fish (Sparus auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax) feeding on natural sources of food with livers of artificially fed animals, a much higher C18:1/C22:6 ratio was observed in the latter. Staining livers with oil red O showed extensive steatosis in artificially fed fish, but not in those naturally fed. Juvenile artificially fed fish showed a more extensive steatosis and a higher mortality rate. In steatotic fish fed a natural diet for 2 months, the liver exhibited extensive regeneration and only a few steatotic areas remained. Marine teleosts do not appear to have a proliferative response of peroxisomes and this is likely to contribute to liver lipid accumulation and subsequent steatosis. It is suggested that an excess of C18:1 (or other mono‐unsaturated fatty acids), coupled with a lack of adaptive peroxisomal proliferation, is the primary cause of lipid droplet formation leading to hepatic steatosis.
Cardiac myxosporiosis of pearl‐spot, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch), due to Myxobolus etropli sp. nov.
Authors: Rajendran K V , Vijayan K K , Alavandi S V 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new myxosporean, Myxobolus etropli sp. nov., was found to infect the bulbus arteriosus of Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) from brackishwater lagoons of Muttukkadu, Chennai coast, India. A survey from May 1993 to October 1994 revealed a prevalence rate of 33.7% of this parasite. Macroscopic discoloured foci/cysts were seen in the bulbus arteriosus of the fish. The parasite showed strict host and site specificity. Histopathology showed that the infection was restricted to the bulbus. This is the first report of a myxosporean from E. suratensis.
Involvement of serine proteinase in infectious pancreatic necrosis virus capsid protein maturation and NS proteinase cleavage in CHSE‐214 cells
Authors: Wu J‐L , Hong J‐R , Chang C‐Y , Hui C‐F , Liao C‐F , Hsu Y‐L 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn investigation of virus‐specific protein maturation in infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infected Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE‐214) was undertaken. The precursor protein (pVP2–1) of the major mature capsid protein (VP2) was processed sequentially from pVP2–1 to pVP2–2 and VP2. Experiments using serine proteinase inhibitors showed that the maturation of the VP2 was blocked in the pVP2–1 post‐translational cleavage steps. A protinin, a potent proteinase inhibitor, at 800 μg ml–1 blocked pVP2–2 to VP2 and the cleavage of VP4 (28 kDa) to VP4–1 (25 kDa). Therefore, our data showed that the maturation of the capsid protein (VP2) and cleavage of VP4 (NS proteinase) can be blocked by serine proteinase inhibitors.
Experimental vertical transmission of nodavirus from broodfish to eggs and larvae of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)
Authors: Breuil G , Pépin J F P , Boscher S , Thiéry R 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAdult broodstock sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), were intramuscularly inoculated with live Sb‐Atl nodavirus strain and maintained at two different water temperatures (13 and 20 °C) until spawning. Each spawn was then incubated separately in UV treated water for 3 days and newly hatched larvae reared for 22 days at 13–15 °C. The inoculated broodfish developed a specific immune response following inoculation with the live virus and specific antibodies were detected in the sera of all the inoculated fish whatever the temperature used (13 and 20 °C). Specific nodavirus antigen was also detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nested reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in the brain and the liver of these fish. Vertical transmission of the nodavirus disease was demonstrated following inoculation of the broodfish with the live virus strain, as typical lesions associated with the nodavirus antigen were detected by immunohistochemistry in the brain of larvae at days 14–22 following hatching. The eggs from seven inoculated females that spawned during the experiment were tested for nodavirus by antigen ELISA, RT‐PCR and nested RT‐PCR. Fertilized and non‐fertilized eggs, as well as developing larvae, were found nodavirus positive using these techniques. However, the nested RT‐PCR was the only technique that could detect the nodavirus in ovarian biopsies before spawning. Therefore, the selection of nodavirus‐free sea bass broodstock cannot be achieved by ELISA or RT‐PCR testing of ovarian biopsies. Alternative methods such as serum nodavirus antibody detection of broodstock and/or nested RT‐PCR testing of eggs before spawning should be used.
A17. Dietary calcium intakes of term infants with special reference to nutrients known to effect calcium uptake
Authors: Mankelow J. E. S. 
Published: March 2003

Background Bone health is an issue that is being strongly promoted in an attempt to reduce the numbers of people, especially women, developing osteoporosis and other bone wasting disorders in later life. Peak bone mass is attained at around 25 years but the majority of bone mass is laid down at a much younger age than this (
Thomas, 1995).There is very little published data on the nutritional intakes of infants less than 6 months of age.Aims To examine the intakes of calcium and vitamin D among infants and also their macronutrient intake to provide an overview of the composition of the infants’ diets.Methods This study involved analysing 30 seven‐day weighed food intake diaries, with reference to the infants’ calcium, vitamin D and general macronutrient status. Six diaries were carried out per infant at four‐month intervals, starting at 4 months of age. The data were analysed using the computerized nutritional analysis programme, COMPEAT.Results The general macronutrient status of the infants was found to be variable Their energy intake was often below the recommended level as was carbohydrate and fat. However, their protein intakes were generally much better. Overall, it appeared that mothers were feeding their children in accordance to the adult healthy eating guidelines and so creating a diet deficient in some of the major macronutrients.The calcium intakes of the infants were generally enough to meet their RNI. Consistently, throughout the diaries, the food making the greatest contribution to the infants calcium intake was milk: either breast milk, formula milk or whole cows milk.The vitamin D intakes of the infants were far more variable. When infants were taking formula milks, fortified with vitamin D, their intakes were always above the RNI. As soon as complimentary feeding was started and other foods started replacing the milk their levels of vitamin D dropped considerably effecting the bioavailabiltiy of the calcium in their diet. Unfortunately. Other sources of vitamin D, such as vitamin supplements or sunlight were not measured.Conclusions This study showed that infants often have poor nutritional status at a young age, which is due in no small part to the use of adult healthy eating guidelines as a reference for their diet. This indicates that mothers need educating on the types of foods needed for complimentary feeding.
A18. Fruit and vegetable consumption of women in low‐income groups: barriers and incentives for increasing intake
Authors: Smith K. 
Published: March 2003

Background The Scottish diet is renowned for being one of the unhealthiest in the Western World (
WHO, 1990). Fruit and vegetable consumption in Scotland fails to meet the World Health Organizations current recommendations (
Roos et al., 1997
). Fruit and vegetable consumption is strongly affected by socio‐economic status and income (
Marshall et al., 1995
).Aims This study had three aims: to identify how much fruit and vegetables mothers on low income consume, to assess mothers knowledge and attitude to fruit and vegetable consumption and to identify how mothers would feel if the Department of Health and Social Security Milk Token Scheme was extended.Methods A random sample of 43 mothers was obtained from Castlemilk and Gorbals areas of Glasgow. The sample was recruited for interview from parent and toddlers groups and from a new parents open day. All of the women in this study received state benefits.Results In this study 95% (n = 41) understood the importance of eating fruit and vegetables daily, yet only 39% (n = 17) ate fruit every day. 95% of the participants felt it was important to eat fruit and vegetables during pregnancy, yet only 19% (n = 8) increased their intake. These results show that whilst subjects understood the importance of eating fruit and vegetables they did not put this knowledge into practice. In the age group 16–20 years none of the subjects ate fruit or vegetable daily. 71% (n = 17) of the subjects commented that the cost of fruit and vegetables affected their decision to purchase them. Practical strategies need to be implemented to encourage a change in attitude towards fruit and vegetables consumption.All participants were receptive to extending Department of Health and Social Security Milk Token Scheme to include other foods such as fruit and vegetables, meat, eggs, cheese and cereals. 59% (n = 35) of sample believed that extending the milk token scheme would make their diet healthier whist the remaining 41% (n = 17) felt it would save them money.Conclusions Further research should be carried out into nutrition intervention programmes. The Women Infants and Children (WIC) programme in the United States could be a starting point for further research.
A5. An assessment of the diets of people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Goff L. M. 
Published: March 2003

Background A proportion of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) use diet as a form of therapy for their condition. There is no firm evidence to confirm the mechanisms by which nutrition affects the disease process or symptoms but the research in this area has suggested a number of theories. It is proposed by some that the nutritional status of RA subjects is compromised due to their symptoms or the drug treatments they use. Alternatively, nutrition is proposed to influence the inflammatory process that is central to this condition. Finally, the ’Food Allergy Theory’ suggests that the symptoms of RA may be the result of food allergy/intolerance in some people. This study aimed to investigate the specific actions RA subjects take with regard to diet and the nutrient composition of these specialized diets. The effects that these habits have on nutritional status have also been discussed.Methods An ex‐post facto study was completed with subjects being recruited from an arthritis self‐help group by means of a postal questionnaire. Fifty‐four subjects responded to the questionnaire and 25 of these went on to complete a 3‐day diet diary. These subjects were divided into two study groups: those who believed that diet had no effect on their condition or symptoms (Diet Group 1) and those who believed it did have some effect (Diet Group 2).Results Food avoidance and supplementation were the most common dietary habits reported by people with rheumatoid arthritis, with 50% of respondents reporting supplementation and 67% food avoidance. The nutrient intakes from food of the two study groups differed significantly, with Diet Group 2 generally achieving or exceeding the Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) (
DoH, 1991) and the National Food Survey references (NFS) (
MAFF, 1996) more often that Diet Group 1. Additionally, Diet Group 2 had fewer nutrient intakes below the RNIs (
DoH, 1991) and the NFS references (
MAFF, 1996). Furthermore, when expressed in terms of nutrient density, Diet Group 2 had greater nutrient intakes per 1000kcals for the majority of nutrients, suggesting a more nutrient‐dense diet.Conclusion Individuals who have an interest in diet and nutrition and believe it affects their condition appear to have a more nutrient‐dense, well‐balanced, healthier diet than those who do not have any such belief.
A8. Vitamin C and the healing of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Paine J. 
Published: March 2003

Background Venous leg ulcers are chronic wounds which demand an adequate supply of nutrients for healing. Vitamin C plays a central role in the dynamics of wound healing and therefore may accelerate the healing response.Aim To assess the impact of dietary education promoting increased consumption of vitamin C.Methods Research involved dietary assessment of 27 patients with venous leg ulcers (7 day food record and questionnaire). This was followed by dietary education of the group and vitamin C supplementation (200 mg day−1 for 1 month) of a randomly selected sub sample. To establish intervention outcome a repeat dietary assessment was performed and changes in wound size calibrated.Results Initial dietary assessment revealed the group met RNI values for protein (P = < 0.001), iron (P = 0.002) and vitamin C (P = 0.004) but did not achieve RNI values for zinc or EAR for energy. After dietary education vitamin C intake increased and significant improvement in food handling practices expected to retain vitamin C were observed (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in healing rates between subjects who received vitamin C supplementation and those who did not. Furthermore, the total level of vitamin C consumption (obtained from diet only, or diet + supplement), did not significantly influence area healed.Conclusion This study did not support the view that advice/therapy to increase vitamin C intake should be incorporated as routine treatment for patients with venous leg ulcers.
A critical essay on professional development in dietetics through a process of reflection and clinical supervision
Authors: Burton S. 
Published: March 2003

Background The concept of clinical supervision is well known within the nursing profession though numerous definitions and theoretical models proposed for implementation have led to a degree of confusion. The debate within dietetics is just beginning, with the recent formation of a BDA working group seeking to clarify clinical supervision for the profession.Aims This essay provides an overview of clinical supervision together with reflection which is considered to be integral to the process and proposes that clinical supervision can provide a vehicle for supporting continuous professional development for all dietitans.It is perhaps unfortunate that the descriptive ‘clinical’ is used throughout the literature as this often leads to an incorrect assumption that the scope of the process is limited to acute services. However, as patient care takes many forms within a range of environments, the broader meaning of ‘clinical’ as pertaining to ‘patient care’ needs to be acknowledged. Caution in choosing a model for the profession is advised, as any model needs to fit the practice and not vice versa.
Effect of nutritional education and dietary counselling on body weight in HIV‐seropositive South Africans not receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Van Niekerk C. , Smego R. A. , Sanne I. 
Published: March 2003

Background Unintentional weight loss of > 10% contributes to morbidity and mortality in HIV‐infected patients. In poorer developing countries, cost‐effective options to promote weight gain are extremely limited.Methods We conducted a pilot study of the effect of nutritional education and dietary counselling on body weight in 90 HIV/AIDS patients. Education entailed principles of healthy eating, socioeconomics of nutrition, food safety, and symptom‐related dietary guidelines. Other clinical parameters examined for potential impact on body weight included age, sex, CD4+ lymphocyte count, presence of complicating infections, concomitant medications, vitamin use, and nutritional supplementation. No patients received antiretroviral therapy.Results At study end (mean follow‐up, 4.2 months) body weight compared to baseline was greater in study subjects than in controls (P < 0.01); stable or increasing weight was seen in 73% of study patients. Weight gain (≥ 1 kg) occurred in 53% of counselled patients (mean = 3.5 kg; range 1–11 kg) vs. 21% of matched controls (mean = 2.0 kg; range 1–3 kg) (P < 0.03). Nutritional counselling was found to offset the adverse effects of gastrointestinal tract or systemic infection (especially in patients with CD4+ counts < 200 cells mm–3).Conclusion In low‐resource areas, culturally and economically relevant nutritional education and dietary counselling are simple yet effective means of stabilizing or increasing body weight in HIV‐infected patients.
Home tube feeding: an integrated multidisciplinary approach
Authors: McNamara E. P. , Flood P. , Kennedy N. P. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundLong‐term enteral tube feeding is increasingly required by patients in the community setting. A previous study of 50 adults on home enteral tube feeding in the Dublin area found that some experienced logistical problems and many individuals did not choose to seek advice from their GP regarding their tube feeding.AimsTo assess the contribution of health professionals to the care of patients on enteral tube feeding in the community.MethodsGPs and hospital dietitians were surveyed using postal questionnaires and nutritional company representatives using structured interviews, to assess their involvement with patients on home tube feeding. Completed questionnaires were received from 77 dietitians and 80 GPs. Ten company representatives were interviewed.ResultsHospital dietitians carry out most of the initial education and training of patients, in addition to the nutritional aftercare. General practitioners tend not to be involved, although nutrition specialists working in the nutritional products area report encountering patients with tube‐feeding complications in the community.ConclusionsImproved co‐ordination between hospital and community services and more consistent monitoring of those on home enteral tube feeding would be an advantage to such patients.
Meals and energy intake among elderly women – an analysis of qualitative and quantitative dietary assessment methods
Authors: Andersson J. C. , Gustafsson K. , Fjellström C. , Sidenvall B. , Nydahl M. 
Published: March 2003

Objective:The objective of this study was to analyse whether a qualitative method, in relation to traditional dietary assessment methods, was adequate to establish sufficient energy intake and energy content in separate meals in a population of elderly women.Methods:One hundred and thirty‐five elderly women, aged 63–88 years, living at home from three communities in mid‐eastern Sweden participated in the present study. The quantitative methods used were a combination of repeated 24‐h recall and a 3‐day estimated food diary. The qualitative method used was the Food‐Based Classification of Eating episodes model (FBCE).Results:The mean intake of energy estimated by the 5‐day registration was 6.8 ± 1.9 MJ. The total number of eating events was 5.22 ± 1.04 per day. On a group level, FBCE was useful to describe the diet among a group of elderly women; however, on an individual level, some complete meals were low or very low in energy, due to small portion sizes.Conclusion:The main conclusion was that a qualitative method, such as FBCE, must be supplemented with a dietary assessment method giving the energy intake to ensure that it is sufficient, especially when studying groups at risk for malnutrition.
The French longitudinal study of growth and nutrition: data in adolescent males and females
Authors: Deheeger M. , Bellisle F. , Rolland‐Cachera M. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives  To assess nutritional intake, growth parameters, physical activity and television viewing in French adolescents.Method  A longitudinal study of dietary intake and anthropometric data recorded in the same children (n = 94) from 10 to 16 years of age is presented here.Results  Energy intake increased from age 10–16 years in boys, whereas it decreased in girls from the age of 14. Height and weight increased in both males and females over the same period of time. Energy intake was positively associated with age at menarche. Nutritional intake, such as fat and calcium, did not meet recommendations for French adolescents. Height was higher than reference values, but the difference was not significant for girls between 14 and 16 years. Overweight (BMI > 97th percentile of the French reference) was found to be 13–14% between age 10 and 16 years. Time watching TV/computer increased with age from 1.4 to 2.2 h day−1 from 10 to 16 years. Active children had nutritional intake closer to recommendations.Conclusion  In conclusion, this study shows that during adolescence, some nutritional variations can be explained by normal individual growth processes. Low intake of calcium in girls and sedentary lifestyle are of particular concern.
Prader–Willi syndrome and cycloid psychoses
Authors: Bouras N. , Verhoeven W. M. A. , Curfs L. M. G. , Tuinier S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe psychiatric symptomatology of people with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) has mainly been described in case reports and some large‐scale descriptive studies. Unfortunately, there is still no systematic description of all the psychiatric symptoms which accompany this chromosomal error. Symptoms of mood disorder and anxiety dominate the picture of PWS, although some reports also mention psychotic symptoms with variations in prevalence of between 15% and 60%. The present paper presents six case reports of adult male subjects with a diagnosis of PWS and psychiatric symptoms who fulfill the criteria for cycloid psychosis (ICD‐10 F.23.0). This psychotic disorder requires a specific psychopharmacological approach with mood stabilizing agents, particularly Lithium. It is concluded that subjects with PWS may be especially vulnerable to the development of cycloid psychosis, which suggests the existence of a specific ‘psychopathological phenotype’.
Oral self‐mutilation in a patient with rhombencephalosynapsys
Authors: Verri A. , Uggetti C. , Vallero E. , Ceroni M. , Federico A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRhombencephalosynapsis (RS) is a rare cerebellar malformation. Its essential features are the absence of the incisura cerebelli posterior, fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, the absence of the velum medullare anterius and nuclei fastigii, and fusion of the dentate nuclei, which are shifted towards the mid‐line. Clinically, affected patients present with signs of cerebellar and motor disturbances. The present report describes a new patient affected by RS. The subject first presented at the age of 22 years because of a psychiatric symptomatology which was characterized by obsessive oral self‐mutilation associated with an intellectual disability. Objective evaluation documented dysmorphic features, while neurological examination showed only a slight truncal ataxia. The subject's IQ was 74 on the Wechsler Scale (verbal IQ = 79, performance IQ = 74). Psychiatric evaluation with DSM‐IV criteria documented an obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder associated with emotional instability and oral self‐mutilation. The typical picture of rhombencephalosynapsis was evident on magnetic resonance imaging. Both chromosomal analysis and routine biochemical investigations were normal. The relationship between oral self‐injurious behaviour and cerebellar malformations is discussed with particular regard to the behavioural aspects of cerebellar congenital pathology in affective disorders and in autism.