bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space charge limited currents in liquid benzene
Authors: Kleinheins G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current‐voltage characteristics of liquid benzene are interpreted by making use of the theory of space charge limited currents. Small deviations from theory can easily be explained by additional ion currents originating from impurities or self‐dissociation of benzene. It will be shown by several independent experiments that charge carrier injection, which is the basic assumption for the applicability of this theory, does in fact exist. Moreover, these experiments show that the charge carriers in question must be protons or defect electrons. Since their mobility has already been evaluated, the injection concentration of these carriers can be calculated from current‐voltage measurements.
Reflexionsspektroskopische Untersuchungen an adsorbiertem Brom und Jod. III
Authors: Kortüm G. , Grathwohl M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn zwei vorausgehenden Arbeiten [2, 3] wurden die Reflexionsspektren von Jod und Brom, adsorbiert an Natriumhalogenid‐pulvern und an verschiedenen Oxiden, in Abhängigkeit von der Ausheiztemperatur der Adsorbentien eingehend untersucht. Dabei konnten die charakteristischen Banden der Komplexe CI J2, Br−J2, Br−3, J−3 OH Br2 und OH− J2 nachgewiesen werden, die teils durch Ladungsüberführung (charge transfer), teils über die Reaktion der adsorbierten Halogene mit adsorbiertem H2O entstehen. Kieselgel und vor allem Aerosil verhalten sich bei der Adsorption von Jod anders als die übrigen Oxide einschließlich eines Crack‐Katalysators (Al2O3–SiO2), wie ebenfalls schon früher [1] gezeigt wurde. Diese Messungen wurden jetzt durch Adsorption von Brom und unter Variation der Ausheiztemperaturen ergänzt, wobei die früheren Ergebnisse bestätigt (Bildung von J4) und genauere Vorstellungen über die Art der Adsorption an SiO2 erhalten werden konnten.
Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des zweiten Virialkoeffizienten für das Schalenpotential und das Lennard‐Jones‐m,n‐Potential
Authors: Lichtenthaler R. N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMit Hilfe einer allgemein gültigen Beziehung zwischen den Parametern des Schalenpotendals und denen des Lennard‐Jones‐m,n‐Potentials kann gezeigt werden, daß beide Potentiale in gleicher Weise zur Beschreibung der Temperaturabhängigkeit des zweiten Virialkoeffizienten geeignet sind. Für Gase mit großen Molekeln muß dazu aber für den Anziehungsexponenten m des m,n‐Potentials, abweichend vom Londonschen Wert m = 6, der Wert m = 7 gewählt werden.
Paarungseigenschaften und Elektronenspektren von Radikalionen aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe
Authors: Distler Dieter , Hohlneicher Georg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAufgrund der Paarungseigenschaften sollten die Absorptionsspektren von Radikalkationen und Radikalanionen alternierender Kohlenwasserstoffe in erster Näherung identisch sein. Zur Prüfung dieser Voraussage wurden die Radikalionen einer Reihe alternierender und nichtalternierender Kohlenwasserstoffe UV‐spektroskopisch untersucht. Die Radikalkationen wurden nach einem neuen Verfahren hergestellt, das sich gut zur Messung der Absorptionsspektren eignet. Die experimentellen Spektren werden mit den Ergebnissen von Modellrechnungen verglichen.
Über Struktur und Elektronenspektren von Tricarboniumionen der Triphenylmethanreihe
Authors: Kothe G. , Fliegen N. , Schulte Steinberg E. , Heinze J. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Existenz des freien Tricarboniumions IVa wurde durch kryoskopische Untersuchungen in Schwefelsäure nachgewiesen. Die Elektronenspektren der Tricarboniumionen III, IV und V wurden gemessen und mit quantenmechanischen Berechnungen in HMO‐Näherung verglichen. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen experimentellen und berechneten Spektren ist befriedigend. Beim kleinsten Tricarboniumion III konnten bei tiefen Temperaturen die Emissions‐ und Polarisationsspektren gemessen werden. Legt man dem Molekül D3‐Symmetrie zugrunde, so folgt aus der Diskussion des APF‐Spektrums, daß die längstwellige Absorptionsbande von III in Richtung der dreizähligen Achse polarisiert ist. Dieser Befund steht in Übereinstimmung mit quantenmechanischen Rechnungen, die in SCF–CI‐Näherung ausgeführt wurden.
Quantitative Triplettabsorptionsmessungen und kinetische Untersuchungen am Phäophytin a und b
Authors: Prell G. , Zanker V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs werden die quantitativen Triplettabsorptionsspektren von Phäophytin a (Ph a) und Phäophytin b (Ph b) blitzspektroskopisch in Äthanol gemessen, wobei sich im Bereich der längstwelligen Singulettbande ein Triplettextinktionskoeffizient von 4700 ± 500 mol−1 cm−1 bei Ph a und von 5700 ± 600 mol−1 cm−1 bei Ph b ergibt. Der Triplettzerfall ist rein erster Ordnung (τPha = 0,75 ms; τPhb = 1,05 ms), jedoch tritt bei 2 – 3 Wochen alten äthanolischen Lösungen bzw. bei stark wasserhaltigen Lösungen als zusätzliche Reaktion Assoziataufspaltung nach dem Blitz ein, wodurch die Abklingkurven des Tripletts verfälscht werden. Die Kinetik dieser Reaktion wird ebenfalls studiert.
Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten im System Äthylen–Schwefelhexafluorid in der Nähe der kritischen Linie
Authors: Hamann H. , Richtering H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMit Hilfe des Kernspin‐Echo‐Verfahrens wurden Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten im System C2H4 – SF6 im Einphasengebiet oberhalb der kritischen Verdampfungslinie gemessen. Bei kritischer Dichte wurden in drei verschiedenen Mischungen und in den reinen Komponenten bis zu einem relativen Temperaturabstand ΔT/Tk < 10−4 von der kritischen Temperatur Tk Messungen ausgeführt. Dabei ließen sich keine Einflüsse des kritischen Zustandes auf die Selbstdiffusion nachweisen. In den reinen Stoffen ist das Produkt von Selbstdiffusionskoeffizient und Dichte bis zur kritischen Dichte konstant.
Die Dehydratisierung von Alkoholen an Al2O3. XIII. Einfluß der Vergiftung durch Pyridin auf Adsorption und Dehydratisierung von Alkoholen
Authors: Knözinger Helmut , Stolz Heinz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wird der Einfluß der Präadsorption von Pyridin an Aluminiumoxid unter verschiedenen Bedingungen auf die Adsorption und Dehydratisierung von Äthanol, Isobutanol und t‐Butanol untersucht. Das Oberflächenäthylat wird durch Dissoziation der O – H‐Bindung des Alkohols an Säure‐Base‐Paarzentren gebildet. An den gleichen Zentren wird Isobutanol zum Carboxylat oxydiert. Die Adsorption von t‐Butanol, das keine der beiden Spezies zu bilden vermag, wird durch Pyridin lediglich aus sterischen Gründen behindert. Die Ätherbildung aus Äthanol erfolgt durch Reaktion einer Alkoxidgruppe mit einer vermutlich über H‐Brücken gebundenen Alkoholmolekel. Die Kondensation zweier Alkoxidgruppen wird ausgeschlossen. Die Olefinbildung wird am besten als Eliminierung von Wasser aus einer über H‐Brücken adsorbierten Alkoholmolekel ohne Beteiligung von Lewis‐Zentren beschrieben. Das Oberflächencarboxylat hemmt die Adsorption über H‐Brücken ebenso wie die Dehydratisierung der Alkohole.
Regulatory mechanisms and cell membrane properties of Candida glycerinogenes differ under 2‐phenylethanol addition or fermentation conditions
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Liu Fang , Lu Xinyao , Zong Hong , Zhuge Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe biosynthesis of 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) at high yields and titers is often limited by its toxicity. In this study, we describe the molecular mechanisms of 2‐PE tolerance in the multi‐stress tolerant industrial yeast, Candida glycerinogenes. They were different under 2‐PE addition or fermentation conditions. After extracellular addition of 2‐PE, C. glycerinogenes cells became rounder and bigger, which reduced specific surface area. However, during 2‐PE fermentation C. glycerinogenes cells were smaller, which increased specific surface area. Other differences in the tolerance mechanisms were studied by analyzing the composition and molecular parameters of the cell membrane. Extracellular 2‐PE stress resulted in down‐regulation of transcriptional expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis genes. This raised the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the cell membrane, which increased rigidity of the cell membrane and reduced 2‐PE entry to the cell. However, intracellular 2‐PE stress resulted in up‐regulation of transcriptional expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis genes, and increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane; this in turn enhanced flexibility of the cell membrane which accelerated efflux of 2‐PE. These contrasting mechanisms are mediated by transcriptional factors Hog1 and Swi5. Under 2‐PE addition, C. glycerinogenes activated Hog1 and repressed Swi5 to upregulate erg5 and erg4 expression, which increased cell membrane rigidity and resisted 2‐PE import. During 2‐PE fermentation, C. glycerinogenes activated Hog1 and repressed Swi5 to upregulate 2‐PE transporter proteins cdr1 and Acyl‐CoA desaturase 1 ole1 to increase 2‐PE export, thus reducing 2‐PE intracellular toxicity. The results provide new insights into 2‐PE tolerance mechanisms at the cell membrane level and suggest a novel strategy to improve 2‐PE production by engineering anti‐stress genes.
Introduction
Authors: Golub Koraljka , Hansson Joacim , Selden Lars 
Published: October 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe prospect of transitioning from a traditional Library and Information Science department to an iSchool at Sweden's Linnaeus University prompted a global examination of iSchools. The Linnaeus faculty have a somewhat radical approach, seeking to build a broad, cross‐disciplinary foundation for the new iSchool, with researchers in diverse subject areas coming together based on their common perspectives toward data, information and technology. Interviews and articles in the Special Section represent perspectives on iSchools from contributors in the United States, Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe broadly and Croatia specifically.
The Asia‐Pacific iSchools
Authors: Oh Sam 
Published: October 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe Asia‐Pacific iSchool regional chapter, initiated in 2014, consists of nine of the 11 iSchools across Australia, China, Japan, Korea and Singapore. The curricula and research areas of the iSchools in the region vary widely. Sungkyunkwan University in Korea offers a general B.A. in library and information science and a more technical B.S. in data science, as well as master's and doctoral programs geared to research. Other schools in the chapter offer programs ranging from publishing and e‐commerce to software engineering and information systems. The vibrant young chapter is working creatively on mutual support, outreach and funding. Member schools agree on a number of agenda items to strengthen the chapter, but, without a shared body for collaborative work, most maintain stronger partnerships with institutions in Europe and North America.
The European iSchools
Authors: Seadle Michael 
Published: October 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYStarted in the late 1990s by deans of three library schools in the United States, the iSchool movement has grown to include 16 European institutions. The expansion required revision of the original North American model, assumptions about academic positions and funding. Among the European schools, some differences exist in curricular focus, though funding needs may reinforce subject area overlap. As an example, the Berlin School of Library and Information Science offers multiple programs at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels, with varying curricula focusing on practical librarianship, computer emphasis or extended research. The curricula at other European iSchools, their research pursuits and employment opportunities for bachelor's and master's program graduates vary widely. Most attaining a doctorate degree go into management since academic positions are limited. European iSchools collaborate through planning, exchange programs and a shared doctoral colloquium, and funding sources reward cooperative institutional efforts and geographic diversity.
Treatment‐related adverse events of antibody‐drug conjugates in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jinming , Shen Guoshuang , Liu Zhen , Liu Yaobang , Wang Miaozhou , Zhao Fuxing , Ren Dengfeng , Xie Qiqi , Li Zitao , Liu Zhilin , Zhao Yi , Ma Fei , Liu Xinlan , Xu Zhengbo , Zhao Jiuda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe wide use of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) is transforming the cancer‐treatment landscape. Understanding the treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) of ADCs is crucial for their clinical application. We conducted a meta‐analysis to analyze the profile and incidence of AEs related to ADC use in the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published from January 2001 to October 2022. The overall profile and incidence of all‐grade and grade ≥ 3 treatment‐related AEs were the primary outcomes of the analysis.ResultsA total of 138 trials involving 15,473 patients were included in this study. The overall incidence of any‐grade treatment‐related AEs was 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 99.9%–100.0%; I2 = 89%) and the incidence of grade ≥ 3 treatment‐related AEs was 6.2% (95% CI: 3.0%–12.4%; I² = 99%).ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive overview of AEs related to ADCs used for cancer treatment. ADC use resulted in a high incidence of any‐grade AEs but a low incidence of grade ≥ 3 AEs. The AE profiles and incidence differed according to cancer type, ADC type, and ADC components.
MRI‐based radiomic signatures for pretreatment prognostication in cervical cancer
Authors: Wagner‐Larsen Kari S. , Hodneland Erlend , Fasmer Kristine E. , Lura Njål , Woie Kathrine , Bertelsen Bjørn I. , Salvesen Øyvind , Halle Mari K. , Smit Noeska , Krakstad Camilla , Haldorsen Ingfrid S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate pretherapeutic prognostication is important for tailoring treatment in cervical cancer (CC).PurposeTo investigate whether pretreatment MRI‐based radiomic signatures predict disease‐specific survival (DSS) in CC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationCC patients (n = 133) allocated into training(T) (nT = 89)/validation(V) (nV = 44) cohorts.Field Strength/SequenceT2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) at 1.5T or 3.0T.AssessmentRadiomic features from segmented tumors were extracted from T2WI and DWI (high b‐value DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps).Statistical TestsRadiomic signatures for prediction of DSS from T2WI (T2rad) and T2WI with DWI (T2 + DWIrad) were constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Area under time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) were used to evaluate and compare the prognostic performance of the radiomic signatures, MRI‐derived maximum tumor size ≤/> 4 cm (MAXsize), and 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (I–II/III–IV). Survival was analyzed using Cox model estimating hazard ratios (HR) and Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank tests.ResultsThe radiomic signatures T2rad and T2 + DWIrad yielded AUCT/AUCV of 0.80/0.62 and 0.81/0.75, respectively, for predicting 5‐year DSS. Both signatures yielded better or equal prognostic performance to that of MAXsize (AUCT/AUCV: 0.69/0.65) and FIGO (AUCT/AUCV: 0.77/0.64) and were significant predictors of DSS after adjusting for FIGO (HRT/HRV for T2rad: 4.0/2.5 and T2 + DWIrad: 4.8/2.1). Adding T2rad and T2 + DWIrad to FIGO significantly improved DSS prediction compared to FIGO alone in cohort(T) (AUCT 0.86 and 0.88 vs. 0.77), and FIGO with T2 + DWIrad tended to the same in cohort(V) (AUCV 0.75 vs. 0.64, p = 0.07). High radiomic score for T2 + DWIrad was significantly associated with reduced DSS in both cohorts.Data ConclusionRadiomic signatures from T2WI and T2WI with DWI may provide added value for pretreatment risk assessment and for guiding tailored treatment strategies in CC.
Efficacy and safety of abemaciclib alone and withPI3K/mTORinhibitorLY3023414or galunisertib versus chemotherapy in previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chiorean E. Gabriela , Picozzi Vincent , Li Chung‐Pin , Peeters Marc , Maurel Joan , Singh Jaswinder , Golan Talia , Blanc Jean‐Frédéric , Chapman Sonya C. , Hussain Anwar M. , Johnston Erica L. , Hochster Howard S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are characterized by frequent cell cycle pathways aberrations. This study evaluated safety and efficacy of abemaciclib, a cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, as monotherapy or in combination with PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor LY3023414 or TGFβ inhibitor galunisertib versus standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy in patients with pretreated metastatic PDAC.MethodsThis Phase 2 open‐label study enrolled patients with metastatic PDAC who progressed after 1–2 prior therapies. Patients were enrolled in a safety lead‐in (abemaciclib plus galunisertib) followed by a 2‐stage randomized design. Stage 1 randomization was planned 1:1:1:1 for abemaciclib, abemaciclib plus LY3023414, abemaciclib plus galunisertib, or SOC gemcitabine or capecitabine. Advancing to Stage 2 required a disease control rate (DCR) difference ≥0 in abemaciclib‐containing arms versus SOC. Primary objectives for Stages 1 and 2 were DCR and progression‐free survival (PFS), respectively. Secondary objectives included response rate, overall survival, safety, and pharmacokinetics.ResultsOne hundred and six patients were enrolled. Abemaciclib plus galunisertib did not advance to Stage 1 for reasons unrelated to safety or efficacy. Stage 1 DCR was 15.2% with abemaciclib monotherapy, 12.1% with abemaciclib plus LY3023414, and 36.4% with SOC. Median PFS was 1.7 months (95% CI: 1.4–1.8), 1.8 months (95% CI: 1.3–1.9), and 3.3 months (95% CI: 1.1–5.7), respectively. No arms advanced to Stage 2. No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionIn patients with pretreated metastatic PDAC, abemaciclib‐based therapy did not improve DCRs or PFS compared with SOC chemotherapy. No treatment arms advanced to Stage 2. Abemaciclib remains investigational in patients with PDAC.
Inside the consulting room of a highly effective therapist: An analysis of first sessions
Authors: Caçador Sílvia , Sousa Daniel , Cooper Mick 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to capture the most salient aspects of first‐session activities by a therapist who consistently had good clinical outcomes.MethodConstructivist grounded theory was used to analyse the first three audio‐recorded psychotherapy sessions with two clients.ResultsThe analysis generated 12 categories organised into three major domains: (a) promoting clients' sense of agency and the collaborative nature of the therapeutic process; (b) supporting clients' exploration of meaningful contents, balancing responsively between following clients and introducing new dimensions; and (c) creating a climate of emotional security based on empathic presence, authenticity and positive regard.ConclusionsThe results show key aspects of the therapist's performance, such as distinguished clinical skills, responsiveness and strong relational abilities. The results support the literature on highly effective therapists. They also contribute to practice and psychotherapist training. Domains and categories from this study may be the basis for a checklist of some essential features to be included in psychotherapists' deliberated practice programmes.
Three Undescribed Iridoid Derivatives Isolated from the Fruits of Vitex trifolia with Their Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Park SeonJu , Seo Yohan , Jeong Sung Baek , Trang Do Thi , Yen Duong Thi Hai , Dung Duong Thi , Hoa Truong Thi Viet , Huyen Le Thi , Lam Le Doan Tung , Tai Bui Huu , Kiem Phan Van 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVitex trifolia L. is a medicinal plant and widely distributed in the northern mountainous areas of Vietnam. Phytochemical study on the fruits of this plant led to the isolation of nine iridoid derivatives (1–9) including three undescribed compounds (1–3). Their structures were elucidated to be 3′′‐hydroxyscrophuloside A1 (1), 3′′‐hydroxycallicoside D (2), 2′‐p‐hydroxybenzoylaucubin (3), 6′‐p‐hydroxybenzoylmussaenosidic acid (4), nishindaside (5), agnuside (6), 10‐O‐vanilloylaucubin (7), 6′‐O‐p‐hydroxybenzoyl‐gardoside (8), and buddlejoside B (9) based on extensive analyses of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 8 significantly posessed anti‐barterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MIC values in range of 16–64 μg/mL. At concentration of 20 μM, compounds 1–9 did not show cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer cells (PC9).
Tumor cells‐derived exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer angiogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and prospective
Authors: Nazari‐Khanamiri Fereshteh , Abdyazdani Nima , Abbasi Reza , Ahmadi Mahdi , Rezaie Jafar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExosomes, heterogeneous, membrane‐bound nanoparticles that originated from eukaryotic cells, contribute to intracellular communication by transferring various biomolecules both on their surface and as internal cargo. One of the most significant current discussions on cancer progression is noncoding RNAs cargo of exosomes, which can regulate angiogenesis in tumor. A growing body of evidence shows that exosomes from tumor cells contain various microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs that can promote tumor progression by inducing angiogenesis. However, some noncoding RNAs may inhibit cancer angiogenesis. Targeting angiogenic noncoding RNA of exosomes may serve as a hopeful implement for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge of the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in tumor angiogenesis Understanding the biology of exosomal noncoding RNAs can help scientists plan exosomes‐based innovations for the treatment of cancer angiogenesis and cancer biomarkers.
Prodrug‐Type Phosphotriester Oligonucleotides with Linear Disulfide Promoieties Responsive to Reducing Environment
Authors: Sugimoto Norihito , Hayashi Junsuke , Funaki Ryohei , Wada Shun‐ichi , Wada Fumito , Harada‐Shiba Mariko , Urata Hidehito 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVarious chemical modifications have been developed to create new antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) for clinical applications. Our previously designed prodrug‐type phosphotriester‐modified oligonucleotide with cyclic disulfides (cyclic SS PTE ON) can be converted into unmodified ON in an intracellular‐mimetic reducing environment. However, the conversion rate of the cyclic SS PTE ON was very low, and the AON with cyclic SS PTE modifications showed much weaker antisense activity than corresponding to the fully phosphorothioate‐modified AON. In this study, we synthesized several types of PTE ONs containing linear disulfides (linear SS PTE ONs) and evaluated their conversion rates under reducing conditions. From the results, the structural requirements for the conversion of the synthesized linear SS PTE ONs were elucidated. Linear SS PTE ON with promising promoieties showed a nuclease resistance up to 4.8‐fold compared to unmodified ON and a cellular uptake by endocytosis without any transfection reagent. In addition, although the knockdown activity of the linear SS PTE gapmer AON is weaker than that of the fully phosphorothioate‐modified gapmer AON, the knockdown activity is slightly stronger than that of the cyclic SS PTE gapmer AON. These results suggest that the conversion rates may be related to the expression of the antisense activity.