bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delays in Hepatitis B Immunization Series Completion in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Sheikh Daanish , Staggers Kristen A , Carey Jennifer , Keitel Wendy A , Atmar Robert L , El Sahly Hana M , Whitaker Jennifer A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Studies have demonstrated low hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine series completion among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective record review of persons entering HIV care at 2 clinics in Houston, Texas, between 2010 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier curves summarized time to receipt of HBV vaccines for those eligible for vaccination. We estimated the proportions of patients who had received 1, 2, or 3 HBV vaccine doses at 12 and 24 months after entry to care. A Prentice Williams and Peterson total time model was used to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and time to vaccination.

Results
Of the 5357 patients who entered care, 2718 were eligible for HBV vaccination. After 2 years of follow-up, 51.2% of those eligible had received 1 HBV vaccine, 43.2% had received 2, and 28.4% received 3 vaccines. With adjustment for significant cofactors, patients whose CD4 cell count was ≥200/μL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29–1.59]) and transgender patients (1.49 [1.08–2.04]) received any given vaccine dose sooner than those with CD4 cell counts &lt;200/μL or cisgender patients, respectively. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic patients were vaccinated sooner (aHR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.07–1.53]). Those with an active substance use history had a significantly longer time to vaccination than those with no substance use history (aHR, 0.73 [95% CI, .62–.85]).

Conclusions
Strategies are needed to increase HBV vaccine completion rates in our study population, particularly among those with CD4 cell counts &lt;200/μL or with a substance use disorder.
Opportunities to Increase Access to HIV Prevention: Evaluating the Implementation of Pharmacist-Initiated Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in California
Authors: Hunter Lauren A , Packel Laura J , Chitle Pooja , Beltran Raiza M , Rafie Sally , De Martini Loriann , Dong Betty , Harris Orlando , Holloway Ian W , Miyashita Ochoa Ayako , McCoy Sandra I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Pharmacies are a promising setting through which to expand access to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, including pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP, respectively). We aimed to evaluate and inform the implementation of California's Senate Bill 159 (2019), allowing pharmacists to independently prescribe PrEP and PEP.

Methods
From October through December 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 919 California pharmacists and pharmacy students, primarily recruited via the email listservs of professional organizations. Participants completed an online survey assessing the implementation of pharmacist-initiated PrEP/PEP, including knowledge, attitudes, practices, perceived barriers, and implementation preferences elicited through a discrete choice experiment.

Results
Among 919 participants (84% practicing pharmacists, 43% in community pharmacies), 11% and 13% reported that pharmacists at their pharmacy initiate PrEP and PEP, respectively. Most believed that pharmacist-initiated PrEP/PEP is important (96%) and were willing to provide PrEP (81%); fewer (27%) had PrEP/PEP training. Common implementation barriers were lack of staff/time and payment for pharmacist services. Participants preferred PrEP implementation models with in-pharmacy rapid oral HIV testing and pharmacists specifically hired to provide PrEP services.

Conclusions
Despite pharmacists’ supportive attitudes, Senate Bill 159 implementation in California pharmacies remains limited, in part due to policy-level and organizational-level barriers. Ensuring PrEP/PEP-related payment for services and sufficient workforce capacity is key to leveraging pharmacists’ role in HIV prevention.
Invasive Community-Onset Gram-Positive Infections From July 2018 Through December 2022 at 2 Children's Hospitals
Authors: Engstrom Eric E , Plattner Alexander S , McNeil J Chase , Hulten Kristina G , Reich Patrick J , Boyle Mary G , Dunn James J , Fritz Stephanie A , Kaplan Sheldon L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (invasive group A streptococcus [iGAS]) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive pneumococcal disease [IPD]) decreased substantially at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study sought to evaluate the extent of this decrease and the trends of these infections since reversion of societal adjustments incident to the pandemic. We also wanted to compare the frequency of these infections with invasive community-onset Staphylococcus aureus (I-CO-SA) infections and common respiratory viral infections in this period.

Methods
Cases of iGAS, IPD, and I-CO-SA infections were identified prospectively and retrospectively at 2 large US children's hospitals by positive cultures from July 2018 through December 2022. Admission data were used to estimate frequency. For comparison, rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 were estimated by the number of positive viral test results at each institution.

Results
I-CO-SA infections showed little variation in the study period. Rates of iGAS infection and IPD decreased by 46% and 44%, respectively, from 2019 to 2020, coinciding with a substantial decrease in RSV and influenza. In 2022, RSV and influenza infection rates increased to prepandemic winter season rates, coinciding with a return to prepandemic rates of IPD (225% increase from 2021 to 2022) and a surge above prepandemic rates of iGAS infections (543% increase from 2021 to 2022).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic had an unexpected influence on IPD and iGAS infections that was temporally related to changes in rates of viral infections.
Functional brain connectivity during social attention predicts individual differences in social skill
Authors: Brindley Samantha R , Skyberg Amalia M , Graves Andrew J , Connelly Jessica J , Puglia Meghan H , Morris James P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social attention involves selectively attending to and encoding socially relevant information. We investigated the neural systems underlying the wide range of variability in both social attention ability and social experience in a neurotypical sample. Participants performed a selective social attention task, while undergoing fMRI and completed self-report measures of social functioning. Using connectome-based predictive modeling, we demonstrated that individual differences in whole-brain functional connectivity patterns during selective attention to faces predicted task performance. Individuals with more cerebellar-occipital connectivity performed better on the social attention task, suggesting more efficient social information processing. Then, we estimated latent communities of autistic and socially anxious traits using exploratory graph analysis to decompose heterogeneity in social functioning between individuals. Connectivity strength within the identified social attention network was associated with social skills, such that more temporal-parietal connectivity predicted fewer challenges with social communication and interaction. These findings demonstrate that individual differences in functional connectivity strength during a selective social attention task are related to varying levels of self-reported social skill.
Gain/loss framing moderates the VMPFC’s response to persuasive messages when behaviors have personal outcomes
Authors: Minich Matt , Chang Chen-Ting , Kriss Lauren A , Tveleneva Arina , Cascio Christopher N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Activity within the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during encoding of persuasive messages has been shown to predict message-consistent behaviors both within scanner samples and at the population level. This suggests that neuroimaging can aid in the development of better persuasive messages, but little is known about how the brain responds to different message features. Building on past findings, the current study found that gain-framed persuasive messages elicited more VMPFC activation than loss-framed messages, but only when messages addressed outcomes that would be experienced by participants directly. Participants also perceived gain-framed messages as more effective than loss-framed messages, and self-reported perceptions of message effectiveness were positively correlated with VMPFC activation. These results support theories that VMPFC activity during message encoding indexes perceptions of value and self-relevance and demonstrate that established theories of persuasion can improve the understanding of the neural correlates of persuasion.
Neogene climatic fluctuations and poor connectivity with the centres of diversity shaped the Western Palaearctic net-winged beetle fauna
Authors: Motyka Michal , Kusy Dominik , Bilkova Renata , Bocak Ladislav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Only 22 net-winged beetle species (Elateroidea: Lycidae) are known from the Western Palaearctic region (WPR), i.e. less than 0.5% of the global lycid diversity and much fewer than from similar latitudes of East Asia or Northern America. We used comprehensive distribution data and a molecular phylogeny of ~400 world lycids, including 14 European species, to provide a new perspective for understanding the structure and evolution of this group in the WPR. All Mediterranean species represent deeply rooted lineages with relatives in eastern Asia. These species occur in relictual ranges close to the family’s Pleistocene refugial edge. The phylogeny points to the loss of biological connection with East Asia since the Mid-Miocene. A third of WPR species is widespread in Central and Northern Europe, reaching eastern Asia, some of them possibly younger elements of the European fauna. Unlike the relatively high diversity in the Eocene amber, the extant net-winged beetles represent a small fraction of elateroid diversity in the WPR and are generally rare. Therefore, we assume that most WPR species are relics trapped in Mediterranean refugia since the onset of the Plio-Pleistocene cooling and are critically endangered by the ongoing loss of suitable habitats.
Phylogeny, biogeography, and integrative taxonomic revision of the Afro-Arabian rodent genus Ochromyscus (Muridae: Murinae: Praomyini)
Authors: Meheretu Yonas , Mikula Ondřej , Frynta Daniel , Frýdlová Petra , Mulualem Getachew , Lavrenchenko Leonid A , Kostin Danila S , Sh Abdirahman Elmi Hassan , Šumbera Radim , Bryja Josef 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analyses of Plio-Pleistocene speciation processes in the Horn of Africa are relevant for understanding the evolution of biodiversity patterns of this understudied part of the world. Here we analyse comprehensive genomic and morphological data of the recently delimited murid genus Ochromyscus, one of the few with Afro-Arabian distribution. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, we delimit three species in the genus: two in eastern Africa (O. brockmani and O. niveiventris) and one in southern Arabia (O. yemeni), and detail their distribution, genetic structure, and evolutionary history. Despite their morphological similarity, the three species split before the Pleistocene, and their interspecific genetic divergence level is comparable to that between sister genera of murine rodents. The split between two taxa living on opposite sides of the Red Sea (O. brockmani vs. O. yemeni) is younger than the separation of their ancestor and O. niveiventris living in eastern Africa. The colonization of Arabia can be explained either by the presence of a relatively recent continental bridge or by the past occurrence of the genus along the eastern coast of the Red Sea and subsequent spreading through the Sinai Peninsula.
The Effect of Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Program Applied to Women With High Breast Cancer Risk on Participation in Screening, Health Beliefs, and Behavior
Authors: Ozcelik Habibe , Gozum Sebahat 
Published: November 2023

Background
Women with a family history of breast cancer at an early age (≤50 years) have an increased risk of breast cancer themselves.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of a Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Program (BrCaRRP) on increasing risk reduction behaviors, developing health beliefs, and screening participation in high-risk women with a family history of breast cancer.

Methods
This is a single-center, single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. First-degree biological relatives of breast cancer patients (aged ≤50 years) were divided into intervention (n = 38) and control (n = 39) groups. The intervention (BrCaRRP) group received multiple interventions including education, counseling, case management, and surveillance via face-to-face and telephone interviews throughout a 12-week period, within the framework of the Health Belief Model and Health Promotion Model. The control group was given an information note, and the routine practice of the clinic was performed. Results were measured at baseline and at week 12 when the interventions were finished.

Results
The probability of participation in breast cancer screenings in the BrCaRRP group was 5.11 times higher. Health motivation was found to have increased in the intervention group. There was no difference in susceptibility and nutritional behavior between the groups. Health responsibility and physical activity increased in the intervention group. The frequency of consulting genetic counseling increased in the BrCaRRP group.

Conclusions
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Program increased participation in screening in women and positively affected their health beliefs and behaviors.

Implications for Practice
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Program could alter screening and health-promoting behaviors. However, other interventions are still needed to reduce the high level of fear.
A Single-center Exploration of Attitudes to Deceased Organ Donation Over Time Among Healthcare Staff in Intensive Care
Authors: Heeley Benjamin , Hodierne Laurence , Johnson Ian , Gardiner Dale 
Published: November 2023

Background.
Changes to deceased organ donation in the United Kingdom, including establishment of the specialist nurse for organ donation (SNOD) role, have resulted in increased numbers of donations. Have increasing numbers of donations altered attitudes among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals (ICU staff) to organ donation over time?

Methods.
A written survey of ICU staff at Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust was conducted across 2 wk in 2015, 2018, and 2020 (pre–COVID-19). Participants were asked to submit descriptors (words/phrases) they associated with 3 aspects of donation: donation after brain death (DBD), donation after circulatory death (DCD), and SNOD role. Three independent and blinded assessors categorized the descriptors as positive or negative in favorability. Thematic analysis was used to identify trends within each group of descriptors.

Results.
Across the 3 surveys, 281 responses were returned, containing a total of 2095 descriptors. Positive descriptors were found in 65% of DBD responses, 46% of DCD responses, and 92% of SNOD role. Over time, there was some evidence of increased polarization of opinion for DCD and to a smaller degree DBD. Attitude toward the SNOD role remained consistently highly favorable over time. Thematic analysis was correlated with the assessor favorability ratings to identify specific factors for positive or negative attitudes; this demonstrated the themes that were the most common causes of positive or negative attributions for each aspect of organ donation.

Conclusions.
ICU staff were found to be highly favorably positive toward the SNOD role, positive toward DBD, and negative toward DCD. Although we found broadly positive perceptions of the benefits of deceased organ donation, negative attitudes toward DCD centered on timescale and complexity of the donation process. Measurement of staff attitudes to organ donation may allow targeted interventions that support staff and improve patient and family care through the organ donation process.
NeuroBooster Array: A Genome-Wide Genotyping Platform to Study Neurological Disorders Across Diverse Populations
Authors: Bandres-Ciga Sara , Faghri Faraz , Majounie Elisa , Koretsky Mathew J , Kim Jeffrey , Levine Kristin S , Leonard Hampton , Makarious Mary B , Iwaki Hirotaka , Crea Peter Wild , Hernandez Dena G , Arepalli Sampath , Billingsley Kimberley , Lohmann Katja , Klein Christine , Lubbe Steven J , Jabbari Edwin , Saffie-Awad Paula , Narendra Derek , Reyes-Palomares Armando , Quinn John P , Schulte Claudia , Morris Huw R , Traynor Bryan J. , Scholz Sonja W. , Houlden Henry , Hardy John , Dumanis Sonya , Riley Ekemini , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Singleton Andrew , Nalls Mike , Jeff Janina , Vitale Dan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGenome-wide genotyping platforms have the capacity to capture genetic variation across different populations, but there have been disparities in the representation of population-dependent genetic diversity. The motivation for pursuing this endeavor was to create a comprehensive genome-wide array capable of encompassing a wide range of neuro-specific content for the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) and the Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD). CARD aims to increase diversity in genetic studies, using this array as a tool to foster inclusivity. GP2 is the first supported resource project of the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) initiative that aims to support a collaborative global effort aimed at significantly accelerating the discovery of genetic factors contributing to Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism by generating genome-wide data for over 200,000 individuals in a multi-ancestry context. Here, we present the Illumina NeuroBooster array (NBA), a novel, high-throughput and cost-effective custom-designed content platform to screen for genetic variation in neurological disorders across diverse populations. The NBA contains a backbone of 1,914,934 variants (Infinium Global Diversity Array) complemented with custom content of 95,273 variants implicated in over 70 neurological conditions or traits with potential neurological complications. Furthermore, the platform includes over 10,000 tagging variants to facilitate imputation and analyses of neurodegenerative disease-related GWAS loci across diverse populations. The NBA can identify low frequency variants and accurately impute over 15 million common variants from the latest release of the TOPMed Imputation Server as of August 2023 (reference of over 300 million variants and 90,000 participants). We envisage this valuable tool will standardize genetic studies in neurological disorders across different ancestral groups, allowing researchers to perform genetic research inclusively and at a global scale.
The causal relationship between Graves’ disease and type 2 diabetes: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Heidari-Foroozan Mahsa , Talebi Samaneh , Habibi Danial , Tehrani Fateh Sahand , Neshati Farideh , Valizadeh Majid , Ghanooni Amir Hossein , Alavi Majd Hamid , Riahi Parisa , Azizi Fereidoun , Hedayati Mehdi , Daneshpour Maryam Sadat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionNumerous observational investigations have hinted at a possible link between Graves’ disease (GD) and the susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential underlying causal connection between GD and T2D through the application of bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Materials and MethodsMR analysis was conducted with summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GD and T2D. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for GD were extracted from 458,620 (1,678 cases and 456,942 controls) Europeans in the NBC Human Database, and the summary-level data of T2D (180,834 cases and 1,159,055 controls) were extracted from the DIAGRAM consortium.The primary analysis method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were considered to assess the causal relationship between GD and T2D. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings.ResultsThe initial analysis found no significant causal relationship between GD and an increased risk of T2D (OR = 1.019, 95% CI (0.997,1.042); SE = 0.01, P= 0.373). However, after sensitivity analyses and removal of outlier SNPs, a significant causal relationship was found (ORIVW= 1.017, 95% CI (1.002,1.033), P= 0.03, Cochran’s Q= 7.8, p-value = 0.932, I2= 0.0%).ConclusionsThe study indicates a causal link between GD and an elevated T2D risk, underscoring the need for blood sugar monitoring and specialized care for GD patients. Further research into GD-T2D mechanisms is essential for preventive strategies and interventions.
Chromosome 1p deletion in colorectal cancer and lower grade glioma: possible relationship with the enteric nervous system
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnteric neurons and enteric glial cells are a part of the enteric nervous system, which is sometimes referred to as the “second brain” of the body. This complex network of neurons controls various functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including motility, secretion, and blood flow. Research has shown that there is a connection between enteric neurons and the development of colorectal cancer, although the exact mechanisms are still being studied.MethodsBecause of the potential influence of chromosome mutations that may be common to both gliomas and colorectal cancer, we used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to examine these mutations.Results166 of 506 lower grade gliomas had the 1p 19q co-deletion. 150 of 616 colorectal cancers had a 1p deletion but no 19q deletion.ConclusionColorectal cancer cells adhere to and migrate along the neurons of the enteric nervous system. Therefore, cancer cells might be expected to pick up mutations from neurons and enteric glial cells during recombination events. We hypothesize that the chromosome 1p deletion in colorectal cancer above is not a chance event and instead was acquired from adjacent enteric glial cells. Chromosome 1p co-deletion may confer better survival in patients with lower grade glioma in part because of loss of the MycBP oncogene, which is important in glioma development. Enteric glia might have the chromosome 1p deletion but lack the chromosome 19q deletion of CNS gliomas, making them much less vulnerable to malignant transformation than CNS gliomas. Indeed, evidence exists for a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 19q associated with human astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed gliomas.