bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy among health professionals in Lebanon
Authors: Zahed L. , Nabulsi M. , Tamim H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the attitudes of health professionals in Lebanon towards prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy, for a series of genetic, non‐genetic and non‐medical conditions.MethodsA total of 158 questionnaires were sent to geneticists, family doctors, pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists, that included information on sociodemographic variables and sets of questions and case scenarios, to which participants were asked to reply anonymously.ResultsResponses from the 75 participants revealed that the type of specialty did not significantly influence their attitude. However, acceptance of termination of pregnancy was influenced by gender, age, marital status, religion and its importance in their daily life. In general, acceptance of termination of pregnancy in the case of mild or severe clinical conditions was comparable to that reported from European countries, but more favorable in the case of sex chromosome abnormalities. Acceptance of prenatal diagnosis for non‐clinical conditions was, however, lower than that reported in Western nations.ConclusionThe study provides a good basis for further studies with a larger number of respondents representing various geographical regions of the country. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum creatine phosphokinase elevation in patients treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate
Authors: Kuno N , Ishikawa K 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective: During the treatment of pre‐term labor with magnesium sulfate, we noted an abnormal elevation of maternal serum creatine phosphokinase. This study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between tocolysis with MgSO4 and maternal serum CPK elevation, which represents the possible damage of muscles by magnesium sulfate. Methods: Clinical records of 45 women treated with magnesium sulfate and beta‐sympathomimetics for the treatment of pre‐term labor were retrospectively examined. Results: Serum CPK was abnormally elevated in 32 out of 45 cases (71.1%), but in only one out of 21 in the control group. In three cases, the decrease of serum creatine phosphokinase after cessation of magnesium sulfate was demonstrated, despite the continuous infusion of beta‐sympathomimetics. Conclusions: Magnesium sulfate may cause muscular damage and abnormal elevation of maternal serum creatine phosphokinase. Special attention must be paid to patients when drugs acting on muscle cells, for example succinyl choline, are going to be used.
A case study of batching in a mass service operation
Authors: Simons Jacob V , Russell Gregory R 
Published: October 2002

AbstractJob batching is used extensively in manufacturing and the relevant theoretical considerations have been well‐researched. However, while batching is also employed in mass services, it is not clear to what extent the manufacturing theory may be transferred. A single case study of a court scheduling service system with imbedded instances of batching was studied to address this question. The findings and analysis of the case indicate that while the factors that affect batching in manufacturing still apply, so do additional factors. The net effect is a broader set of considerations which influence the determination of when batching is desired in mass services and how big batches should be. Definitions of these factors, their relationships with batch size, and testable hypotheses are offered.
Multiple case studies of team effectiveness in manufacturing organizations
Authors: Pagell Mark , LePine Jeffrey A 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of teams in manufacturing contexts is increasing. Researchers have responded with a great deal of theoretical and empirical work aimed at identifying factors that influence the performance of these teams. Scholars, however, have tended to focus their research on variables human resource managers can readily control (e.g. the composition of teams relative to members’ characteristics, team goals) and little emphasis has been placed on factors inherent to production systems. Identifying factors in the production system that influence team effectiveness is crucial because many of these factors are not changeable in the short term. Accordingly, these production system factors are likely to be a crucial factor when deciding whether or not to organize a production system around teams. In a departure from past research, this article reports a qualitative study aimed at identifying factors in operational systems that influence team effectiveness. Our qualitative results suggest that four characteristics of the operational system influence team effectiveness: work organized around the team’s output, opportunities for informal communication, work that includes novel problems to solve, and management trust in teams.
Elliptic equations with critical Sobolev exponents in dimension 3
Authors: Druet Olivier 
Published: October 2002

We study the existence of minimizing solutions for an elliptic equation with critical Sobolev growth on a smooth bounded domain of

\mathbf R^{3}

. We answer in particular two questions of Haı̈m Brezis. Higher dimensions

n⩾4

are completely understood thanks to previous works by H. Brezis and L. Nirenberg.

Résumé
On étudie l'existence de solutions minimisantes à une EDP elliptique à croissance de Sobolev critique sur des domaines de l'espace euclidien de dimension 3. On résout en particulier une conjecture de H. Brezis sur le sujet. Les questions analogues en dimensions plus grandes étaient parfaitement comprises depuis des travaux de H. Brezis et L. Nirenberg.
Isoperimetric inequalities for parametric variational problems
Authors: Clarenz Ulrich , von der Mosel Heiko 
Published: October 2002

We prove isoperimetric inequalities for general parametric variational double integrals

\mathcal F

, whose Lagrangians

F

depend on the position vector

X

and on the surface normal

N

. As an essential tool we introduce Sauvigny's

F

-conformal parameters adapted to the parametric integrand and use the notion of generalized mean and Gaussian curvature. The special cases of minimal surfaces, surfaces of bounded mean curvature and -minimizing surfaces are also discussed.

Résumé

Nous démontrerons des inégalités isopérimétriques pour les intégrales doubles variationnelles paramétriques générales

\mathcal F

dont la fonction de Lagrange

F

dépend du vecteur de position

X

et de la surface normal

N

. Comme outil essentiel, nous introduiserons des paramètres

F

-conformes de Sauvigny adaptés l'intégrand paramétrique et nous employerons la notion de la courbure moyenne généralisée et gaussienne généralisée. Nous discuterons également les cas particuliers des surfaces minimales, des surfaces de courbure moyenne limitée et des surfaces minimalisant .
Monotonicity and separation for the Mumford–Shah problem
Authors: David Guy , Léger Jean-Christophe 
Published: October 2002

We prove some monotonicity properties of the global Mumford–Shah minimizers as defined by Bonnet in [4]. The main consequence is that the only solutions for which the complement in the plane of the singular set is not connected correspond to lines and propellers. We also get a boundary version of the Mumford–Shah conjecture.

Résumé
Nous prouvons des propriétés de monotonie des solutions du problème de Mumford–Shah global défini par Bonnet dans [4]. La conséquence principale en est que les seules solutions dont le complémentaire de l'ensemble singulier n'est pas connexe correspondent à des droites et des propulseurs. Nous obtenons aussi une version à la frontière de la conjecture de Mumford–Shah.
Accuracy and precision of radiostereometric analysis in the measurement of THR femoral component translations: human and canine in vitro models
Authors: Önsten Ingemar , Berzins Aivars , Shott Susan , Sumner Dale R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRadiostereometric analysis (RSA) is used to measure translations of joint replacement components with respect to the host bone in vivo. We used two cadaveric models of hip arthroplasty, one human and one canine, to evaluate the accuracy and precision of RSA‐based estimates of translations of the femoral component with respect to the femur under ideal conditions. The femoral components were attached rigidly to a micrometer stage that provided standard displacements in increments of 25 and 50 μm in the interval from zero to 500 μm along three orthogonal axes. Radiostereometric examinations were performed for each increment. Accuracy was calculated as the 95% prediction intervals from regression analyses between the measured and actual displacements. Precision was evaluated as the standard deviation of five repeated measurements of a 200 μm displacement along each axis. Both accuracy and precision were best along the longitudinal axis, with a prediction interval of ±47 μm in the human model and ±45 μm in the canine model and a standard deviation of 30 μm in the human model and 40 μm in the canine model. The use of only the prosthetic head as a landmark (as opposed to three markers placed on the femoral stem) led to a 3‐fold larger prediction interval in the human model and a 2‐fold greater prediction interval in the canine model. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A new device to measure knee laxity during weightbearing and non‐weightbearing conditions
Authors: Un Benjamin S. , Beynnon Bruce D. , Churchill David L. , Haugh Larry D. , Risberg May Arna , Fleming Braden C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Vermont knee laxity device (VKLD) was developed to evaluate anterior—posterior (A—P) displacement of the tibia relative to the femur (A—P laxity) during weightbearing and non‐weightbearing conditions. The purposes of this study were to determine the repeatability and reliability of the VKLD measurements of A—P laxity and to compare them with two devices currently in clinical use: the KT‐1000 knee arthrometer and planar stress radiography. Two independent examiners tested six subjects with no history of knee injury. A—P laxity was measured on three separate days with the KT‐1000 and the VKLD. With the VKLD, A—P laxity was measured in the weightbearing and non‐weightbearing conditions. In addition, one examiner measured A—P laxity in each subject on each day using a planar stress radiography technique. Similar A—P laxity values were obtained with the KT‐1000 and the VKLD; however, the planar stress radiography technique measured less A—P laxity compared to the VKLD (9.2 ± 2.2 mm versus 13.3 ± 2.9 mm, P = 0.0004). None of the three devices showed significant differences in measuring A—P laxity between days. During weightbearing, A—P laxity was reduced by 65–70% compared to the non‐weightbearing condition (P = 0.0001). Future investigations will use the VKLD to study subjects that have suffered injury to the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Significance of lesion size and location in the prediction of collapse of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a new three‐dimensional quantification using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nishii Takashi , Sugano Nobuhiko , Ohzono Kenji , Sakai Takashi , Sato Yoshinobu , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSize and location of a necrotic lesion are considered important factors predicting collapse of the femoral head in the early stages of osteonecrosis. However, few analytical studies have performed a three‐dimensional quantification of lesions to clarify how these two morphological factors are related to the occurrence of collapse. We evaluated the relevance of lesion size and location for prediction of collapse quantitatively using new three‐dimensional indexes. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 65 hips in a consecutive series of 47 patients with osteonecrosis without radiological evidence of collapse. Lesion volume as well as latitude and longitude of the center of gravity of the lesion within the femoral head were calculated. Thirty‐three hips developed radiological collapse, while in the remaining 32 hips collapse did not occur over 2 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between lesion volume and radiological collapse. In 35 hips in which the lesion volume was less than 30% of the femoral head, only 9 collapsed. In comparison with non‐collapsed hips, collapsed hips had a significantly higher combined value for latitude and longitude of the lesion, corresponding to the anterosuperior portion of the femoral head. Quantitative analysis of lesion morphology demonstrated that lesion volume is strongly correlated with risk of collapse, and that lesion location is an important prognostic indicator of collapse in small necrotic lesions. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
In situ cell nucleus deformation in tendons under tensile load; a morphological analysis using confocal laser microscopy
Authors: Arnoczky Steven P. , Lavagnino Michael , Whallon Joanne H. , Hoonjan Amardeep 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCell and cell nucleus deformations have been implicated in the mechanotransduction of mechanical loads acting on tissues. While in situ cell nucleus deformation in response to increasing tissue strains has been examined in articular cartilage this phenomenon has not been investigated in tendons. To examine in situ cell nuclei deformation in tendons undergoing tensile strain rat tail tendons were harvested from adult Sprague–Dawley rats and stained with acridine orange to highlight the cell nuclei. The tendons were mounted on a custom‐designed, low‐load, tensile testing device affixed to the mechanical stage of a confocal laser microscope. Cells within the tendons were isolated for analysis. Images of individual cells were captured at 0% strain as well as sequentially at 2%, 4% and 6% grip‐to‐grip tendon strain. Digital images of the cell nuclei were then measured in the x (length) and y (height) axis and deformation expressed as a percentage of cell nuclei strain. In addition, centroid‐to‐centroid distances of adjacent cell nuclei within each image were measured and used to calculate local tissue strain. There was a weak (r2 = 0.34) but significant (p < 0.01) correlation between local tissue strain and cell nucleus strain in the x axis. The results of this study support the hypothesis that in situ cell nucleus deformation does occur during tensile loading of tendons. This deformation may play a significant role in the mechanical signal transduction pathway of this tissue. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A new animal model of femoral head osteonecrosis: one that progresses to human‐like mechanical failure
Authors: Conzemius Michael G. , Brown Thomas D. , Zhang Yongde , Robinson Robert A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExisting animal models of femoral head osteonecrosis, while displaying varying levels of concordance with early histopathologic features of the human disorder, generally fail to progress to end‐stage mechanical collapse. A new animal model of osteonecrosis is here introduced, utilizing the emu (Dromaius novaehollandie). These animals' bipedality and their high activity level represent a much more challenging biomechanical environment to the hip than seen in quadrupedal models of this disorder. Femoral head osteonecrosis was induced surgically, using a combination of ischemic (vessel ligation) and cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) insults. Of nineteen emus allowed free‐roaming pen activity to study the natural history of such lesions, eighteen progressed to an osseous structural failure, sixteen of them developing incapacitating lameness at an average time point 11.75 weeks after the surgical insult. Histologically, the animals showed close concordance with both the early‐ and late‐stage human pathology, in six cases even to the point of developing a crescent sign. Because of its large physical size and its consistent progression to mechanical collapse, the emu appears to offer a unique opportunity for the near‐human‐scale study of surgical interventions to forestall femoral head collapse. Toward this end, various directions for model refinement are outlined. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency is associated with increased anterior translation of the tibia during the transition from non‐weightbearing to weightbearing
Authors: Beynnon Bruce D. , Fleming Braden C. , Labovitch Ryan , Parsons Bradford 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTranslation of the tibia relative to the femur was measured while a group of subjects with normal knees and group with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears underwent transition from non‐weightbearing to weightbearing stance. Subjects were positioned in the Vermont knee laxity device (VKLD) with muscles relaxed and the limb segment and compressive joint load offset (non‐weightbearing). A lateral radiograph of the knee, with the posterior aspects of the femoral condyles superimposed, was obtained to document the position of the tibia relative to the femur. Immediately after, a compressive load equal to 40% of bodyweight was applied to each foot, and a second radiograph was obtained to document the change in position of the tibia relative to the femur. The transition from non‐weightbearing to weightbearing produced a significant increase of anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur (mean; 3.4 mm) for the subjects with ACL tears compared with the contralateral normal knees (0.8 mm). Similarly, there was a significant increase in anterior translation of the tibia for the subjects with ACL tears compared to the group of subjects with normal knees (1.2 mm). The fourfold increase in anterior translation of the tibia for the knees with ACL tears compared to the contralateral side is a concern because it is substantially greater than the 95% confidence limits of the side‐to‐side differences in anterior–posterior knee laxity measured from subjects with normal knees. This observation could explain, at least in part, one of the mechanisms that initiates damage to the meniscus and articular cartilage in subjects that have suffered an ACL tear. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of hyaluronan on proteoglycan content of osteoarthritic chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Stöve Johannes , Gerlach Christina , Huch Klaus , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Puhl Wolfhart , Scharf Hanns‐Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on proteoglycan (PG) concentration in alginate cultures of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and to analyze whether HA exhibit anti‐degradative effects in the presence of the cytokine IL‐1β.Methods: Cartilage samples from ten patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were harvested and chondrocytes were cultivated in alginate beads. Four groups were cultured: control group with and without IL‐1β (500 pg/ml) and HA group (100 μg/ml) with and without IL‐1β (500 pg/ml). PG concentration was estimated by a dimethylmethylene blue assay. To assess cell proliferation, we measured DNA content fluorometrically.Results: The proliferation rate (DNA) was unchanged in all culture groups. In the control‐group PG/DNA (ng/ng) concentration was 27.1 ± 7.2. Supplementation of the medium with HA decreased PG concentration to 25.3 ± 6.9 (p < 0.05). After administration of IL‐1β PG/DNA concentration dropped to 23.1 ± 6.0 (p < 0.01). By contrast HA treatment of IL‐1β stimulated chondrocytes did not further decrease PG concentration (23.9 ± 6.1). In fact the negative effect of isolated HA application was inverted if HA was given with IL‐1β (p < 0.05).Conclusions: In osteoarthritic chondrocytes cultured phenotypically stable, HA could exhibit protective effects only in the presence of the degradative cytokine IL‐1β. Thus, the reported anti‐inflammatory effects of HA to cartilage matrix seem to be more indirect by blocking degradative effects of cytokines to the matrix. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Experimental assessment of precision and accuracy of radiostereometric analysis for the determination of polyethylene wear in a total hip replacement model
Authors: Bragdon Charles R. , Malchau Henrik , Yuan Xunhua , Perinchief Rebecca , Kärrholm Johan , Börlin Niclas , Estok Daniel M. , Harris William H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop and test a phantom model based on actual total hip replacement (THR) components to simulate the true penetration of the femoral head resulting from polyethylene wear. This model was used to study both the accuracy and the precision of radiostereometric analysis, RSA, in measuring wear. We also used this model to evaluate optimum tantalum bead configuration for this particular cup design when used in a clinical setting.A physical model of a total hip replacement (a phantom) was constructed which could simulate progressive, three‐dimensional (3‐D) penetration of the femoral head into the polyethylene component of a THR. Using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) the positioning of the femoral head using the phantom was measured to be accurate to within 7 μm. The accuracy and precision of an RSA analysis system was determined from five repeat examinations of the phantom using various experimental set‐ups of the phantom. The accuracy of the radiostereometric analysis, in this optimal experimental set‐up studied was 33 μm for the medial direction, 22 μm for the superior direction, 86 μm for the posterior direction and 55 μm for the resultant 3‐D vector length. The corresponding precision at the 95% confidence interval of the test results for repositioning the phantom five times, measured 8.4 μm for the medial direction, 5.5 μm for the superior direction, 16.0 μm for the posterior direction, and 13.5 μm for the resultant 3‐D vector length. This in vitro model is proposed as a useful tool for developing a standard for the evaluation of radiostereometric and other radiographic methods used to measure in vivo wear. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.