bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedure of Data Processing for the Improvement of Failure Time Prediction of a Landslide Based on the Velocity and Acceleration of the Displacement
Authors: Ariyarathna Imaya , Sasahara Katsuo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTime prediction methods based on monitoring surface displacement (SD) are effective for early warning against shallow landslides. However, failure time prediction by Fukuzono’s original inverse-velocity (INV) method is less accurate due to variation in the inverse-velocity (1/v) caused by noise in the measured SD, which amplifies the fluctuation in the resultant 1/v. Therefore, the present study incorporates pre-analysis to acquire better prediction by reducing the effect of noise on the measured SD. The data extraction (DE) and moving average (MA) methods are used to filter the measured SD for better smoothing of 1/v. The root mean square error (RMSE) and determining factor (f) values are used to select the optimum SD interval (Δx) in the DE method. The RMSE and f values are used to evaluate the reproducibility of the measured data and the scattering in the relationship between velocity and acceleration in an orderly. The data, treated by the DE and MA methods, are utilized to predict the failure time based on the INV method and the relationship between velocity and acceleration on a logarithmic scale (VAA) method. Accordingly, Δx gives the smallest sum of the normalized RMSE and normalized (1-f), which offers a better prediction. When the SD at failure changes, Δx is changed. The best prediction is obtained by DE preprocessing with the VAA method because it minimizes the effect of the individual 1/v by reducing the scatter in the relationship between velocity and acceleration. However, the time prediction using data processed by the MA method shows poor prediction due to some scattering of the inverse velocity. In some cases, the prediction by the VAA method using MA data provides better prediction than the results of the INV method.
Community Scale Landslide Resilience: A Citizen-Science Approach
Authors: Ramesh Maneesha Vinodini , Thirugnanam Hemalatha , Mohanan Nitin Kumar , Singh Balmukund , Ekkirala Harichandana C , Guntha Ramesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBuilding landslide resilience at a community scale is the most effective way to protect people against landslides. But building resilience at a community scale can become difficult, given the large spatial scale spanned by locations vulnerable to landslides and the number of communities that might get affected. So, in this chapter, we discuss how to build community-scale landslide resilience using a citizen-science approach. The potential of citizen-science approaches for building landslide resilience at the community level is immense, given that the citizens become resources to build resilience. Yet challenges exist in this approach as novel tools and operationalizing methods are seldom found in the literature. Therefore, this chapter examines the requirements, solutions, and dimensions of landslide resilience and presents a framework to strengthen community-scale resilience. The framework addresses how citizens can be engaged before, during, and after a disaster. This chapter also presents a few example tools used to operationalize this theoretical framework, such as Landslide tracker mobile app, Amritakripa mobile app, social media data analysis, and community involvement. It also examines the difficulties found while applying the citizen science approach in two case study locations in India: Munnar in the Western Ghats and Chandmari in Sikkim. This chapter and the case study can help policymakers, community leaders, change makers, administrative officials, and researchers in disaster management.
Goldstone bosons on celestial sphere and conformal soft theorems
Authors: Kampf Karol , Novotný Jiří , Trnka Jaroslav , Vaško Petr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study celestial amplitudes of Goldstone bosons and conformal soft theorems. Motivated by the success of soft bootstrap in momentum space and the important role of the soft limit behavior of tree-level amplitudes, our goal is to extend some of the methods to the celestial sphere. The crucial ingredient of the calculation is the Mellin transformation, which transforms four-dimensional scattering amplitudes to correlation functions of primary operators in the celestial CFT. The soft behavior of the amplitude is then translated to the singularities of the correlator. Only for amplitudes in “UV completed theories” (with sufficiently good high energy behavior) the Mellin integration can be properly performed. In all other cases, the celestial amplitude is only defined in a distributional sense with delta functions. We provide many examples of celestial amplitudes in UV-completed models, including linear sigma models and Z-theory, which is a certain completion of the SU(N) non-linear sigma model. We also comment on the BCFW-like and soft recursion relations for celestial amplitudes and the extension of soft bootstrap ideas.
Robustness of Flat Bands on the Perturbed Kagome and the Perturbed Super-Kagome Lattice
Authors: Kerner Joachim , Täufer Matthias , Wintermayr Jens 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study spectral properties of perturbed discrete Laplacians on two-dimensional Archimedean tilings. The perturbation manifests itself in the introduction of non-trivial edge weights. We focus on the two lattices on which the unperturbed Laplacian exhibits flat bands, namely the $$(3.6)^2$$

(
3.6
)

2

Kagome lattice and the $$(3.12^2)$$

(
3
.

12
2

)

“Super-Kagome” lattice. We characterize all possible choices for edge weights which lead to flat bands. Furthermore, we discuss spectral consequences such as the emergence of new band gaps. Among our main findings is that flat bands are robust under physically reasonable assumptions on the perturbation, and we completely describe the perturbation-spectrum phase diagram. The two flat bands in the Super-Kagome lattice are shown to even exhibit an “all-or-nothing” phenomenon in the sense that there is no perturbation, which can destroy only one flat band while preserving the other.
Das SCATTER-Projekt: Computerbasierte Simulation zur Unterstützung bei der strategischen Verlegung von Intensivpatienten
Authors: Bathe Janina , Renner Hanna-Joy , Watzinger Sven , Olave-Rojas David , Hannappel Leonie , Wnent Jan , Nickel Stefan , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Bedarf für ein Konzept für die bundesweite strategische Verlegung von Intensivpatienten wurde durch die COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“: Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019; ausgelöst durch eine Infektion mit dem Virus SARS-CoV-2) deutlich. Trotz des eigens hierfür entwickelten Kleeblattkonzeptes stellt die Verlegung einer großen Anzahl von Intensivpatienten eine große Herausforderung dar. Mithilfe einer Computersimulation werden in dem Projekt SCATTER (StrategisChe PATienTenvERlegung) Verlegungsstrategien für die Krisenbewältigung am Beispiel eines fiktiven Szenarios getestet und Empfehlungen entwickelt.

Methode
Nach sorgfältiger Erhebung von Prozess- und Strukturdaten für innerdeutsche Intensivtransporte erfolgte die Programmierung der Computersimulation. Hier können auf diverse Parameter Einfluss genommen und unterschiedlichste Verlegungsszenarien erprobt werden. In einem fiktiven Übungsszenario wurden von Schleswig-Holstein ausgehend bundesweite Verlegungen simuliert und anhand verschiedener Kriterien beurteilt.

Ergebnisse
Bei den bodengebundenen Verlegungen zeigte sich aufgrund der eingeschränkten Reichweite und in Abhängigkeit der gewählten Zielregion, dass meist nicht alle Patienten verlegt werden können. Luftgebunden lässt sich zwar eine höhere Anzahl von Patienten verlegen, dies ist jedoch oft mit zusätzlichen Umlagerungen verbunden, die ein potenzielles Risiko für die Patienten darstellen. Eine distanzabhängige luft- oder bodengebundene Transportstrategie führte in dem Übungsszenario zu identischen Ergebnissen wie der rein luftgebundene Transport, da aufgrund der großen Distanz stets der luftgebundene Transport gewählt wurde.

Diskussion
Aus der Computersimulation können wichtige Erkenntnisse über verschiedene Verlegungsstrategien und Rückschlüsse auf die Realität gezogen und Empfehlungen entwickelt werden.
Intravitreal ranibizumab injection is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chang-Hsu , Lim Paik Seong , Wu Tsai-Kun , Chuang Wu-Lung , Yu Teng-Shun , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Chen Chuan-Mu , Chang Kuang-Hsi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSystemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade has been the top adjunctive chemotherapy since 1990. Anti-VEGF therapy has also been associated with worsened renal function in some patients. However, the association between patient outcomes and use of intravitreal VEGF inhibitors remains controversial. Thus, it is necessary to determine the action mechanism and long-term renal effects of ranibizumab. The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) is one of the largest global databases that are extensively used for epidemiological research. NHIRD contains the medical information of all insureds, such as inpatient, outpatient, emergency, and traditional Chinese medicine records. We selected subjects aged ≥ 20 years who recently administered ranibizumab for the ranibizumab cohort. Non-ranibizumab cohort consisted of subjects who did not receive ranibizumab, and the index date was a random date between 2008 and 2018. We excluded subjects with missing sex and age records and those in which the date of primary outcome was before the index date. The two cohorts were matched via 1:1 propensity score matching based on sex, age, index year, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke, coronary artery disease, alcoholism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic macular edema. Medical confounders were angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, corticosteroids, VEGF inhibitors including bevacizumab and aflibercept, lithium, amphotericin B, adefovir, NSAIDS, cisplatin, and calcineurin inhibitors. Among 48,248 participants aged ≥ 20 years, 24,136 (50%) received ranibizumab (13,565 male [56.20%] and 10,571 female [43.80%]). Moreover, 24,136 participants who did not receive ranibizumab were matched by age, sex, comorbidities, and medications. Subjects who received ranibizumab exhibited a significantly higher risk of CKD than those who did not receive ranibizumab (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.79–1.96). Our findings revealed that exposure to intravitreal ranibizumab is an independent risk factor for CKD. Therefore, physicians and ophthalmologists should make the patients aware of such a correlation to increase patient safety and decrease the CKD burden.
Restorative justice in a case of traumatic birth following an unperceived pregnancy
Authors: Olza Ibone , Alfaro Vanessa Cascante , Klier Claudia M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pregnancy can be denied or better “unperceived” by women in up to 1:300 pregnancies and poses the mother and her unborn at high risk when an unassisted birth follows. The importance of recognizing unperceived pregnancy and the risk of unassisted births for both mothers and their babies are described.

Methods
Description of a case of unperceived pregnancy and traumatic unassisted birth.

Results
A pregnant woman was not diagnosed in a clinic despite being at the verge of giving birth. She was turned away, was on her way to another hospital, and gave birth in a toilet in a dissociative state. The baby survived, but the mother was declared guilty of attempted manslaughter and received a 6-year prison sentence. The expertise of a perinatal psychiatrist reversed the verdict and the court apologized to the mother, now living with her son.

Conclusions
This case shows the severe consequences when pregnancy and labor are not recognized by health professionals. The reversal of the original sentence is considered a pioneer case of restorative justice in the context of unperceived pregnancy and obstetric violence. Health providers and courts need to be informed by perinatal mental health professionals about the impact of unperceived pregnancy and obstetric violence.
Spiral groove bearing design for improving plasma skimming in rotary blood pumps
Authors: Jiang Ming , Hijikata Wataru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh-efficiency plasma skimming is hopeful to prevent hemolysis inside spiral groove bearings (SGBs) because it can exclude red blood cells from the ridge gap with a high shear force. However, no study reveals the shape design of SGBs to improve plasma skimming. Therefore, this study proposed and applied a groove design strategy to designing an optimal SGB for enhancing plasma skimming in a rotary blood pump (RBP). Initially, we proposed the design strategy that the shape of the groove for enhancing plasma skimming corresponds to the direction of blood flow in the ridge gap. Second, we visualized the cell flow in a specially designed experimental RBP to determine the direction of blood flow, which was helpful in the subsequent SGB design. Then, we created an SGB to provide superior plasma skimming and applied it to the experimental RBP. We evaluated the plasma skimming effect of SGB at rotational speeds ranging from 2400 to 3000 rpm and hematocrit conditions between 1% and 40%. At a 1% hematocrit, the plasma skimming efficiency for the entire SGB was greater than 95%. In all hematocrit conditions, the efficiency at the inner ridges of the SGB was greater than 80%. The results showed the designed SGB successfully induced excellent plasma skimming within ridge gaps. This study is the first to propose and apply a shape design strategy to generate excellent plasma skimming within an SGB. This study may contribute to the prevention of SGB hemolysis inside SGB for use in RBPs.
Movement ecology and minimum density estimates of red foxes in wet grassland habitats used by breeding wading birds
Authors: Porteus Tom A. , Short Mike J. , Hoodless Andrew N. , Reynolds Jonathan C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a widely distributed generalist meso-predator implicated in declines of wading bird populations. In the wet grassland habitats where waders breed, wildlife managers work to mitigate fox predation risk to waders during the nesting period through lethal and non-lethal control methods. However, limited knowledge on fox movement ecology in these habitats makes it difficult to design effective management strategies. We used GPS telemetry to understand fox home range size, daily activity and movement patterns, and how these metrics may vary among wet grassland sites with different management. We caught and GPS-tagged 35 foxes in the March–June wader nesting period on two wet grassland sites in central southern England; Britford during 2016/17 and Somerley during 2018/19. We estimated home range areas from location data using local convex hulls, and from these estimates we derived the minimum fox density at each site and year. Daily activity patterns and movement behaviour of each fox were obtained using both telemetry and trail camera data. Mean fox home range area at Britford (0.21 km2, SE = 0.025) was significantly smaller than at Somerley (0.68 km2, SE = 0.067), and estimated minimum densities were around four times higher (Britford = 10.6 foxes/km2, Somerley = 2.4 foxes/km2). Foxes were more active and moved faster during twilight and night hours, but both telemetry and camera data indicate they were also active for one-third of daylight hours. Distances moved per day were variable between foxes but generally smaller at Britford. We also found evidence for dispersal during spring, with movements of up to 19 km per day. Home ranges at both wet grassland sites were smaller than comparable sites elsewhere. These indicated foxes were living at exceptionally high densities at Britford, where there is no fox control, increased food availability and where waders no longer breed. Spatio-temporal movement patterns were closely related to home range metrics, with higher levels of fox activity at Somerley, where home ranges were larger. The movements of itinerant and dispersing foxes during the nesting period suggests that lethal control would need to be very intensive to be effective. The likely anthropogenic food subsidy of fox density at Britford suggests that controlling access to similar food resources would help reduce predation pressure on breeding waders.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation: Moderation by Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Early-Life Adversity
Authors: Oginni Olakunle Ayokunmi , Alanko Katarina , Jern Patrick , Rijsdijk Frühling Vesta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExisting evidence indicates genetic and non-genetic influences on sexual orientation; however, the possibility of gene-environment interplay has not been previously formally tested despite theories indicating this. Using a Finnish twin cohort, this study investigated whether childhood gender nonconformity and early-life adversities independently moderated individual differences in sexual orientation and childhood gender nonconformity, the relationship between them, and the etiological bases of the proposed moderation effects. Sexual orientation, childhood gender nonconformity, and early-life adversities were assessed using standard questionnaires. Structural equation twin model fitting was carried out using OpenMx. Childhood gender nonconformity was significantly associated with reduced phenotypic variance in sexual orientation (β =  − 0.14, 95% CI − 0.27, − 0.01). A breakdown of the underlying influences of this moderation effect showed that this was mostly due to moderation of individual-specific environmental influences which significantly decreased as childhood gender nonconformity increased (βE =  − 0.38; 95% CI − 0.52, − 0.001) while additive genetic influences were not significantly moderated (βA = 0.05; 95% CI − 0.30, 0.27). We also observed that the relationship between sexual orientation and childhood gender nonconformity was stronger at higher levels of childhood gender nonconformity (β = 0.10, 95% CI 0.05, 0.14); however, significance of the underlying genetic and environmental influences on this relationship could not be established in this sample. The findings indicate that beyond a correlation of their genetic and individual-specific environmental influences, childhood gender nonconformity is further significantly associated with reduced individual-specific influences on sexual orientation.
Faculty members’ perceptions and students’ experiences of research-based curricula: a multiple case study of four undergraduate programmes
Authors: Zou Tracy X. P. , Lee Jetty C. Y. , Yu Ka Sing , Chow King L. , Barry Tom J. , Leung Lily Y. Y. , Brew Angela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe implementation of a research-based curriculum that enables students to develop essential capabilities for this complex world is challenging. There is limited understanding of the implementation of a research-based curriculum in a whole degree programme, and few studies examined how faculty members and students perceived such a curriculum. This study explored faculty members’ perceptions and students’ experiences of four research-based curricula in two research-intensive universities in Hong Kong. Based on document review, 18 faculty interviews, and 113 student interviews, we discovered an overall positive view of research-based curricula but also substantial differences between faculty members’ perceptions and students’ experiences. For example, faculty members emphasised the learning and critical evaluation of knowledge. In comparison, students focused on exploring specific interesting issues and collecting and analysing information without fully recognising the potential of research in generating, applying, and validating knowledge. Moreover, students’ experiences of research-based curricula contained a broader scope of activities than the curriculum perceived by faculty members. These gaps demonstrate that the fundamental goals of research-based curricula to develop ‘powerful knowledge’ and induct students into disciplinary ways of thinking have yet to be fully achieved. The study implies a need to enhance communication between students and faculty members and build a consensus on designing and supporting undergraduate research across the curriculum.
Preparation of polyamide 6 with reduced flammability by polymerization casting
Authors: Doležal Jan , Benešová Václava , Brožek Jiří 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe paper describes the preparation of polyamide 6 with reduced flammability by anionic in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactam in the presence of flame retardants, a method not described in the literature. Selected inorganic and brominated organic flame retardants were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. Polymerization tests were used to test the compatibility of flame retardants with the components of the initiation system of anionic polymerization. Based on their results, polyamide plates for the preparation of test specimens were prepared by the method of polymerization casting in a mold. The content of water-extractable portions did not exceed 3%, i.e., the conversion of monomer into polymer took place to a high degree. The presence of flame retardants both inorganic and brominated organic in the polymer matrix did not affect the thermal stability, the content of the crystalline phase and also the mechanical properties. Samples containing brominated organic flame retarders were classified as V-0 according to the UL94 methodology.
The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies: Insights From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barosa Mariana , Jamrozik Euzebiusz , Prasad Vinay 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn times of crises, public health leaders may claim that trials of public health interventions are unethical. One reason for this claim can be that equipoise—i.e. a situation of uncertainty and/or disagreement among experts about the evidence regarding an intervention—has been disturbed by a change of collective expert views. Some might claim that equipoise is disturbed if the majority of experts believe that emergency public health interventions are likely to be more beneficial than harmful. However, such beliefs are not always justified: where high quality research has not been conducted, there is often considerable residual uncertainty about whether interventions offer net benefits. In this essay we argue that high-quality research, namely by means of well-designed randomized trials, is ethically obligatory before, during, and after implementing policies in public health emergencies (PHEs). We contend that this standard applies to both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, and we elaborate an account of equipoise that captures key features of debates in the recent pandemic. We build our case by analyzing research strategies employed during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding drugs, vaccines, and non-pharmaceutical interventions; and by providing responses to possible objections. Finally, we propose a public health policy reform: whenever a policy implemented during a PHE is not grounded in high-quality evidence that expected benefits outweigh harms, there should be a planned approach to generate high-quality evidence, with review of emerging data at preset time points. These preset timepoints guarantee that policymakers pause to review emerging evidence and consider ceasing ineffective or even harmful policies, thereby improving transparency and accountability, as well as permitting the redirection of resources to more effective or beneficial interventions.