bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term alcohol exposure prior to conception results in lower fetal body weights
Authors: Livy Daniel J. , Maier Susan E. , West James R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND: It is well known that alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in lower birth weight babies but many women stop consuming alcohol prior to conception as a part of pregnancy planning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alcohol consumption prior to conception may also have an effect on fetal development. METHODS: Male and female C57BL/6J mice at 4, 6, or 8 weeks of age received either a single administration of alcohol (3.0 g/kg) via intragastric gavage (IG) each day for at least 60 days, or an isovolumetric IG administration of sterile water. After 60 treatment days, males and females within each age and treatment group were mated overnight. Females continued to receive daily alcohol treatments until conception. Males continued to receive treatments until all females were successfully mated. At conception, females were isolated and left undisturbed. On embryonic day 14, fetus number, size, and weight was determined. RESULTS: Maternal food consumption, body weight at conception, and delay to conception onset did not differ between the two treatment groups or among the three age groups. Fetal body weights did not differ among the three age groups. Fetuses from females treated with alcohol had lower body weights compared to those treated with water. Male treatments did not seem to affect fetal body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal growth and development can be affected by alcohol consumption prior to the time of conception. Alcohol consumption prior to conception is a potential risk factor to fetal outcome and an important consideration for those females planning to have children. Birth Defects Res B 71:135–141, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive toxicity assessment of lasofoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), in female rats
Authors: Terry K.K. , Cappon G.D. , Hurtt M.E. , Tassinari M.S. , Gupta U. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lasofoxifene is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). With high affinity to the α and β human estrogen receptors and greater potency than other SERMs, lasofoxifene is potentially a superior treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In light of the known effects of estrogen‐modulating compounds on female reproductive indices, two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of lasofoxifene on female rat cyclicity, reproduction, and parturition. METHODS: One study evaluated effects of lasofoxifene on estrous cyclicity, and the second study assessed effects on implantation and parturition. In the cyclicity study, lasofoxifene was administered to female rats at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days. After treatment, there was a 3‐week reversibility phase followed by a mating phase. In the implantation study, lasofoxifene was administered to pregnant female rats at doses of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days (gestation day [GD] 0–6). Some animals were euthanized on GD 21, and the remainder of the group was allowed to deliver the F1 generation. Several developmental indices were evaluated in the F1 pups through post‐natal day (PND) 21. RESULTS: In the cyclicity study, all lasofoxifene‐treated females were anestrous by Study Day 7 (1.0 mg/kg) or 9 (0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg). The reversibility phase resulted in restoration of normal estrous cycles by the end of 1 (0.1 mg/kg) or 2 weeks (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg). During the mating phase, no adverse effects occurred in pregnancy success or reproductive parameters. In the implantation study, all doses of lasofoxifene increased pre‐ and post‐implantation losses, increased gestation length, and reduced litter size. None of the developmental parameters measured on the F1 generation was adversely affected. CONCLUSION: Lasofoxifene reversibly altered the estrous cycle and inhibited implantation, consistent with what would be expected from a member of the SERM class. Birth Defects Res B 71:150–160, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryo/fetal toxicity assessment of lasofoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), in rats and rabbits
Authors: Ozolinš T.R.S. , Gupta U. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lasofoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), on rat and rabbit fetal development. METHODS: Lasofoxifene was administered orally to rats (1, 10, 100 mg/kg) between gestation days (GD) 6–17, and in rabbits (0.1, 1, 3 mg/kg) between GD 6–18. Maternal body weight and food consumption were monitored throughout pregnancy. Fetuses were delivered by Cesarean section on GD 21 in rats, and GD 28 in rabbits, to evaluate fetal viability, weight, and morphology. Drug concentrations in maternal plasma were measured in a separate cohort of animals at several time points commencing on GD 17 (rats) and 18 (rabbits). On GD 18 (rat) and GD 19 (rabbit) drug concentrations were measured in maternal plasma and in fetal tissue 2 hr post dosing to determine the fetal to maternal drug ratio. RESULTS: In rats, there were dose‐related declines in maternal weight gain and food consumption. Post implantation loss was significantly increased at dosages of 10 and 100 mg/kg, and the number of viable fetuses was decreased at 100 mg/kg. The placental weights increased, whereas fetal weights decreased in a dose‐dependent manner. Lasofoxifene‐related teratologic findings were noted at 10 and 100 mg/kg and included imperforate anus with hypoplastic tails, dilatation of the ureters and renal pelvis, misaligned sternebrae, hypoflexion of hindpaw, wavy ribs, and absent ossification of sternebrae. In rabbits, neither maternal weight gain nor food consumption were affected during treatment. Between GD 26–28, there was a dose‐dependent increased incidence of red discharge beneath the cages. At 1 and 3 mg/kg, resorptions and post‐implantation loss increased. There were no significant external or visceral effects, but 3 mg/kg there was an increased incidence of supernumerary ribs. Although the maternal plasma Cmax and AUC(0–24) were dose‐dependent, the exposures in the rat were many orders of magnitude greater than in the rabbit even for the same 1 mg/kg dose. The single time point fetal/maternal drug ratio was higher in the rat (1.3–0.78) than in the rabbit (0.21–0.16). CONCLUSION: In general, both maternal and fetal effects of lasofoxifene were similar to those reported with other SERMs. Although the incidence or severity of these effects was, in some instances, greater in the rat than in the rabbit, the doses and the resultant maternal and fetal exposures were many orders of magnitude higher in the rat, suggesting the rabbit to be more sensitive to the toxicological effects of lasofoxifene. Birth Defects Res B 71:161–170, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal closure of membranous ventricular septal defects in Sprague‐Dawley rat pups after maternal exposure with trimethadione
Authors: Fleeman Tammye L. , Cappon Gregg D. , Hurtt Mark E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND: Congenital membranous ventricular septal defects (VSD) have been shown to close during postnatal development in rats [Solomon et al., Teratology 55:185–194, 1997]. Although they may differ in size, spontaneous and treatment‐related VSD are histologically similar; however, the postnatal fate of treatment‐induced VSD is not known. The objective of this study was to determine if treatment‐induced VSD persist throughout postnatal development. METHODS: Groups of 40 female rats were given oral doses of trimethadione (TMD) at 400 mg/kg/day (200 b.i.d.) or 600 mg/kg/day (300 b.i.d.) on Gestation Days (GD) 9 and 10. Twenty dams in each group were designated for Cesarean section and 20 were allowed to deliver and rear their offspring to Postnatal Day (PND) 21. The integrity of the ventricular septum was evaluated in fetuses (GD 21) and pups (PND 21). RESULTS: The incidence of membranous VSD was 0.6, 7.6, and 49.8% per litter in the Control, 400, and 600 mg/kg groups, respectively, on GD 21. Both the incidence and severity of VSD increased with dose. The VSD at 400 mg/kg were small in size and initially detected by the presence of blood flowing through the defect from the closed right ventricle. In the 600 mg/kg dose group, the VSD, although still membranous, were larger and more readily detected without the need to examine the blood flow. At 600 mg/kg, not only were the VSD larger than those in the Control or the 400 mg/kg group, 10.1% per litter of the affected fetuses had other vessel anomalies associated with the VSD, which were incompatible with pup survival. On PND 21, VSD was noted in 0.3, 0, and 6.4% per litter evaluated in the Control, 400, and 600 mg/kg groups, respectively. This demonstrates that the small, isolated treatment‐related VSD can resolve postnatally; however, the closure of the larger or more severe VSD may be prolonged or may not occur at all. Although TMD exposure reduced group mean fetal weights at both dose levels, there was no difference between the mean weight of fetuses with VSD and those fetuses without VSD in the same group. CONCLUSION: Treatment‐induced VSD close postnatally, and appears to be a delay in cardiac development not associated with fetal weight. The timing of closure and survivability during closure is dependent on the severity of the VSD. Further characterization of the two sizes of VSD may provide diagnostic clarity; however, the current data support the smaller VSD as a variation with no significant impact on viability and growth, and the more severe VSD to be a malformation. Birth Defects Res B 71:185–190, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of engineering flow conditions on plasmid DNA yield and purity in chemical cell lysis operations
Authors: Meacle F.J. , Lander R. , Ayazi Shamlou P. , Titchener‐Hooker N.J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChemical lysis of bacterial cells using an alkaline solution containing a detergent may provide an efficient scalable means for selectively removing covalently closed circular plasmid DNA from high‐molecular‐weight contaminating cellular components including chromosomal DNA. In this article we assess the chemical lysis of E. coli cells by SDS in a NaOH solution and determine the impact of pH environment and shear on the supercoiled plasmid and chromosomal DNA obtained. Experiments using a range of plasmids from 6 kb to 113 kb determined that in an unfavorable alkaline environment, where the NaOH concentration during lysis is greater than 0.15 ± 0.03 M (pH 12.9 ± 0.2), irreversible denaturation of the supercoiled plasmid DNA occurs. The extent of denaturation is shown to increase with time of exposure and NaOH concentration. Experiments using stirred vessels show that, depending on NaOH concentration, moderate to high mixing rates are necessary to maximize plasmid yield. While NaOH concentration does not significantly affect chromosomal DNA contamination, a high NaOH concentration is necessary to ensure complete conversion of chromosomal DNA to single‐stranded form. In a mechanically agitated lysis reactor the correct mixing strategy must balance the need for sufficient mixing to eliminate potential regions of high NaOH concentrations and the need to avoid excessive breakage of the shear sensitive chromosomal DNA. The effect of shear on chromosomal DNA is examined over a wide range of shear rates (101−105 s−1) demonstrating that, while increasing shear leads to fragmentation of chromosomal DNA to smaller sizes, it does not lead to significantly increased chromosomal DNA contamination except at very high shear rates (about 104−105 s−1). The consequences of these effects on the choice of lysis reactor and scale‐up are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of diafiltration sieving behavior of lysozyme‐BSA mixtures with osmotic second virial cross‐coefficients
Authors: Tessier Peter M. , Verruto Vincent J. , Sandler Stanley I. , Lenhoff Abraham M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe role of protein–protein interactions in membrane separations of protein mixtures remains incompletely understood, largely due to the difficulty of characterizing protein self‐ and, especially, cross‐association. Recently, a novel technique, cross‐interaction chromatography, has been developed to measure weak protein cross‐association in terms of the osmotic second virial cross‐coefficient. In this work the relationship between protein cross‐association and the sieving behavior of lysozyme in the presence of BSA has been investigated. Sieving coefficients were measured using a stirred diafiltration cell over a range of pH and ionic strength, and a striking correlation between the lysozyme sieving and second virial cross‐coefficients for BSA/lysozyme mixtures has been found: when the protein cross‐interactions are most attractive (negative second virial cross‐coefficient), the lysozyme sieving coefficients are lowest, and vice versa. The correlation between the sieving and second virial cross‐coefficients may be due to the physically similar environments in the chromatography and filtration experiments since one protein is passed through a concentrated region of the second protein either immobilized on the column or accumulated at the membrane surface, and the migration rate of the mobile protein in both cases is influenced by protein cross‐association. This study represents the first time that molecular interactions in binary mixtures have been related directly to filtration behavior, and may provide a useful approach to optimize the separation of other binary protein mixtures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth and Characterization of BPO4 Single Crystals.
Authors: Schmidt M. , Ewald B. , Prots Yu. , Cardoso‐Gil R. , Armbruester M. , Loa I. , Zhang L. , Huang Ya‐Xi , Schwarz U. , Kniep R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of FeSr2 (Ce3/2Ln1/2)Cu2O10‐δ (Ln: Eu, Gd, and Tb).
Authors: Yang L. T. , Liang J. K. , Liu Q. L. , Liu F. S. , Luo J. , Rao G. H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
P‐Chirogenic Diaminophosphine Oxide: A New Class of Chiral Phosphorus Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Matsumoto Takayoshi , Masuda Takamasa , Hitomi Tsukasa , Hatano Keiichiro , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mixed Organofluorine‐Organosilicon Chemistry. Part 13. Synthesis of Polyfluorinated Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles from Hemifluorinated Enones or Organofluorosilicon Building Blocks as Synthetic Equivalents.
Authors: Chanteau Frederic , Didier Benoit , Dondy Boniface , Doussot Pascale , Plantier‐Royon Richard , Portella Charles 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amidopalladation of Alkoxyallenes Applied in the Synthesis of an Enantiopure 1‐Ethylquinolizidine Frog Alkaloid.
Authors: Kinderman Sape S. , de Gelder Rene , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Schoemaker Hans E. , Hiemstra Henk , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[Bis(2‐methoxyethyl)amino]sulfur Trifluoride, the Deoxo‐Fluor Reagent: Application Toward One‐Flask Transformations of Carboxylic Acids to Amides.
Authors: White Jonathan M. , Tunoori Ashok Rao , Turunen Brandon J. , Georg Gunda I. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis and Photo‐Induced Deprotection Reaction of Calix[4]resorcinarene Derivatives Containing t‐Butyl Ester Moieties.
Authors: Kudo Hiroto , Mitani Kouji , Nishikubo Tadatomi , Mitsuishi Masaya , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rate Acceleration and Diastereoselectivity in Chelation‐Controlled Indium‐Promoted Barbier Allylation of Pyridine‐2‐ and Quinoline‐2‐imines in Aqueous Solvents.
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Kaur Pervinder 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogen‐Mediated C—C Bond Formation: Catalytic Regio‐ and Stereoselective Reductive Condensation of α‐Keto Aldehydes and 1,3‐Enynes.
Authors: Jang Hye‐Young , Huddleston Ryan R. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α‐Oxoketene Dithioacetal Mediated Aromatic Annulation: Highly Efficient and Concise Synthetic Routes to Potentially Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
Authors: Nandi Sukumar , Panda Kausik , Suresh J. R. , Ila Hiriyakkanavar , Junjappa Hiriyakkanavar 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Cyanomethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐iodomethyltetrahydrofuran from Various Isoxazolines: Effects of 3‐Substituents in the Diastereoselective Iodoetheration Reactions of Isoxazolines.
Authors: Kim Hyoung Cheul , Seo Min Jung , Kim Jung Ki , Lee Jae‐Don , No Zaesung , Kim Hyoung Rae 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of 4‐(3′‐Furanyl)butenolide Derivatives via PdII‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heterodimeric Cyclization Reaction of 2,3‐Allenoic Acids and 1,2‐Allenyl Ketones.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Yu Zhanqian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐4,6‐dinitrobenzo[b]thiophenes from 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene.
Authors: Sapozhnikov Oleg Yu. , Mezhnev Vasily V. , Dutov Mikhail D. , Kachala Vadim V. , Shevelev Svyatoslav A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐Azaazulenes from Cycloheptatrienylmethyl Ketone O‐Pentafluorobenzoyloximes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization and Oxidation.
Authors: Chiba Shunsuke , Kitamura Mitsuru , Saku Osamu , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spiro‐bithiazole Derivatives of Amidinothiocarbamides: Novel Utilization of the Synthon 2‐Arylimino‐5‐carbethoxy‐thiazolidin‐4‐one.
Authors: Chande Madhukar S. , Carvalho Peter V. R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Conversion of 6H‐1,3,5‐Oxathiazine S‐Oxides into 5‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Rafiqul Islam Md. , Shimada Kazuaki , Aoyagi Shigenobu , Takikawa Yuji , Kabuto Chizuko 
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of New ortho Fused Tetracyclic‐2‐substituted‐4H‐thiazolo[5,4‐c]naphtho[1,2‐e]pyran and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Kulkarni A. M. , Malviya N. J. , Karnik A. V. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric 2,2′‐Bipyridines Derived from 4‐Substituted 1,10,10‐Trimethyl‐3‐oxa‐5‐aza‐tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane.
Authors: Davies Stephen R. , Cain Christopher P. , Glossop Matthew T. , Mengent Marie‐Laure , Kee Terence P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lithiation of Functionalized Fluoroquinolines: Synthesis of Dihalo‐2‐phenylquinoline‐4‐carboxamides and in vitro Evaluation as NK‐3 Receptor Ligands for Medical Imaging Studies.
Authors: Bennacef Idriss , Tymciu Sylvie , Dhilly Martine , Mongin Florence , Queguiner Guy , Lasne Marie‐Claire , Barre Louisa , Perrio Cecile 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
FeCl3—NaI Mediated Reactions of Aryl Azides with 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran: A Convenient Synthesis of Pyranoquinolines.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Prasad B. Rajendra , Ramana A. Venkata , Babu A. Hari , Reddy K. Srinivasa 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triphenyl Phosphonium Perchlorate Catalyzed Imino Diels—Alder Reactions: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolylquinolines.
Authors: Zulykama Yusuf , Nagarajan Rajagopal , Perumal Paramasivan T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Synthesis of [1,4]Pyridazinooxazine[3,4‐a]tetrahydro Isoquinolines.
Authors: Cho Su‐Dong , Park Yong‐Dae , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Joo Woo‐Hong , Shiro Motoo , Esser Lothar , Falck J. R. , Ahn Chuljin , Shin Dong‐Soo , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stable Optically Pure Phosphino(silyl)carbenes: Reagents for Highly Enantioselective Cyclopropanation Reactions.
Authors: Krysiak Jerzy , Lyon Celine , Baceiredo Antoine , Gornitzka Heinz , Mikolajczyk Marian , Bertrand Guy 
Published: July 2004

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Spiromarienonols A and B: Two New 7(8→9)abeo‐Lanostane‐Type Triterpene Lactones from the Stem Bark of Abies mariesii.
Authors: Tanaka Reiko , Wada Shun‐ichi , Aoki Hitoshi , Matsunaga Shunyo , Yamori Takao 
Published: July 2004

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An Improved Preparation of N2‐tert‐Butoxycarbonyl‐ and N2‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐(S)‐2,4‐diaminobutanoic Acids.
Authors: Andruszkiewicz Ryszard , Rozkiewicz Dorota 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Conversion of Anhydro Sugars into Halohydrins and X‐Ray Study.
Authors: Shah Syed Tasadaque A. , Abdel‐Jalil Raid J. , Khan Khalid M. , Heinrich Angelica M. , Richter Markus , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Enantioselective Access to 1‐Alkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines. Application to a New Synthesis of (‐)‐Argemonine.
Authors: Youte Jean‐Jacques , Barbier Denis , Al‐Mourabit Ali , Gnecco Dino , Marazano Christian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel Fluorinated 2′,3′‐Dideoxynucleosides.
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Ohkura Kazue , Balzarini Jan , De Clercq Erik , Seki Koh‐ichi , Wiebe Leonard I. 
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Aromatic Bisabolene Natural Products via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Vyvyan James R. , Loitz Celeste , Looper Ryan E. , Mattingly Cheryl S. , Peterson Emily A. , Staben Steven T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cochlioquinones and Epi‐Cochlioquinones: Antagonists of the Human Chemokine Receptor CCR5 from Bipolaris brizae and Stachybotrys chartarum
Authors: Yoganathan K. , Yang Lay‐Kien , Rossant Christine , Huang Yicun , Ng Siewbee , Butler Mark S. , Buss Antony D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Paeciloxazine, a Novel Nematicidal Antibiotic from Paecilomyces sp.
Authors: Kanai Yoshinori , Fujimaki Tsukasa , Kochi Shin‐ichiro , Konno Hiroshi , Kanazawa Susumu , Tokumasu Seiji 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.