bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA Typing Screens with Control Region and Coding Region SNPs
Authors: Kline MC , Vallone PM , Redman JW , Duewer DL , Calloway CD , Butler JM 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis has found an important niche in forensic DNA typing. It is used with highly degraded samples or low-copy number materials such as might be found from shed hair or bones exposed to severe environmental conditions. The primary advantage of mtDNA is that it is present in high copy number within cells and therefore more likely to be recovered from highly degraded specimens. A major disadvantage to traditional forensic mtDNA analysis is that it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to generate and review the 610 nucleotides of sequence information commonly targeted in hypervariable regions I and II (HVI and HVII) of the control region. In addition, common haplotypes exist in HVI/HVII mtDNA sequences that can reduce the ability to differentiate two unrelated samples. In this report we describe the utility of two newly available screening assays for rapid exclusion of non-matching samples. The LINEAR ARRAY mtDNA HVI/HVII Region-Sequencing Typing Kit (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN) was used to type 666 individuals from U.S. Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic groups. Processing of the LINEAR ARRAY probe panels “mito strips” was automated on a ProfiBlot workstation. Observable variation in 666 individuals is reported and frequencies of the mitotypes within and between populations are presented. Samples exhibiting the most common Caucasian mitotype were subdivided with a multiplexed amplification and detection assay using eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome. These types of screening assays should enable more rapid evaluation of forensic casework samples such that only samples not excluded would be subjected to further characterization through full HVI/HVII mtDNA sequence analysis.
Fatal Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Hereditary Thrombophilias
Authors: Ely SF , Gill JR 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is found commonly in forensic pathology practice, as it typically causes sudden death. It is attributed to a wide variety of predominantly acquired etiologies. Although likely etiologically multifactorial, some common proximate causes include: surgery, pregnancy, injury, inactivity of any cause, cancer, obesity, or serum hyperviscosity. On occasion, no apparent predisposing condition is identified. In these instances, occult hereditary thrombophilias may play a causal role. Deaths referred to the Office of Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) of New York City between December, 2000 and September, 2003 and due to PE were retrospectively reviewed. Molecular analysis (FRET) was performed on selected cases for three common hereditary thrombophilias: mutations in factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin G20210A (PT), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).During the study period, 124 of 15,280 deaths were primarily attributable to PE. Of those, 34 were selected for molecular analysis. One or more mutations were detected in 35% of those, five of which were clearly causally related to death. Given the potential benefits to surviving family members, our data indicate that postmortem molecular testing for the common hereditary thrombophilias is warranted in at least selected cases.
The Applicability of Holography in Forensic Identification: A Fusion of the Traditional Optical Technique and Digital Technique
Authors: Biwasaka H , Saigusa K , Aoki Y 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In this study, the applicability of holography in the 3-dimensional recording of forensic objects such as skulls and mandibulae, and the accuracy of the reconstructed 3-D images, were examined. The virtual holographic image, which records the 3-dimensional data of the original object, is visually observed on the other side of the holographic plate, and reproduces the 3-dimensional shape of the object well. Another type of holographic image, the real image, is focused on a frosted glass screen, and cross-sectional images of the object can be observed. When measuring the distances between anatomical reference points using an image-processing software, the average deviations in the holographic images as compared to the actual objects were less than 0.1 mm. Therefore, holography could be useful as a 3-dimensional recording method of forensic objects. Two superimposition systems using holographic images were examined. In the 2D-3D system, the transparent virtual holographic image of an object is directly superimposed onto the digitized photograph of the same object on the LCD monitor. On the other hand, in the video system, the holographic image captured by the CCD camera is superimposed onto the digitized photographic image using a personal computer. We found that the discrepancy between the outlines of the superimposed holographic and photographic dental images using the video system was smaller than that using the 2D-3D system. Holography seemed to perform comparably to the computer graphic system; however, a fusion with the digital technique would expand the utility of holography in superimposition.
The Richard Cory Phenomenon: Suicide and Wealth in Kansas City, Missouri
Authors: Young TW , Wooden SE , Dew PC , Hoff GL , Cai J 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This case-control study investigates the relationship between suicide and wealth in Kansas City, Missouri. House and personal property appraisal data on all victims of suicide from 1998 and 2002 and victims from a control population of deaths reported to the Jackson County Medical Examiner during the same time interval were obtained from the Jackson County Government website. The controls were matched to suicide cases by race, gender, year of death, and age at death (±1 year). Data from the 426 members of each group of suicides and controls indicate that suicide victims were: 1) 77% more likely than controls to have lived in houses rather than in apartments or trailers, 2) more likely than controls to have lived in more expensive houses (mean values $70,143 versus $61,513 respectively, p = 0.04) and 3) more likely to have killed themselves because of factors other than financial strain (8.0% of suicides showed financial strain).
Applying the stochastic difference equation to DNA conformational transitions: A study of B–Z and B–A DNA transitions
Authors: Lim Wilber , Feng Yuan Ping 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDespite the existence of numerous models to account for the B–Z DNA transition, experimenters have not yet arrived at a conclusive answer to the structural and dynamical features of the B–Z transition. By applying the stochastic difference equation to simulate the B–Z DNA transition, we have shown that the stretched intermediate model of the B–Z transition is more probable than other B–Z transition models such as the Harvey model. This is accomplished by comparing potential energy profiles of various B–Z DNA transition models and calculating relative probabilities based on the stochastic difference equation with respect to length (SDEL) formalism. The results garnered in this article allow for new approaches in determining the structural transition of B‐DNA to Z‐DNA experimentally. We have also simulated the B–A DNA transition using the stochastic difference equation. Unlike the B–Z DNA transition, the mechanism for the B–A DNA transition is well established. The variation in the pseudorotation angle during the transition is in good agreement with experimental results. Qualitative features of the simulated B–A transition also agree well with experimental data. The SDEL approach is thus a suitable numerical technique to compute long‐time molecular dynamics trajectory for DNA molecules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 107–120, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The Nonstoichiometric Ternary Cerium Iron Sulfide Ce2Fe1.82S5.
Authors: Harms Wiebke , Mills Allison M. , Soehnel Tilo , Laubschat Clemens , Wagner Friedrich E. , Geibel Christoph , Hossain Zakir , Ruck Michael 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bis(ethylenediammonium) Decaaquadisodium Decavanadate, (C2H10N2)2 [Na2(H2O)10][V10O28].
Authors: Li Guo‐Bao , Yang Si‐Hai , Xiong Ming , Lin Jian‐Hua 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Unprecedented Tetranuclear Niobium Aqua Ion with a Capping μ4‐Sulfido Ligand.
Authors: Ooi Bee‐Lean , Soetofte Inger , Bendtsen Maja F. , Munch Astrid , Nielsen Loa C. , Henriksen Jonas 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterogeneous Organocatalysis for the Asymmetric Desymmetrization of meso‐Cyclic Anhydrides Using Silica Gel‐Supported Bis‐cinchona Alkaloids.
Authors: Kim Hyun Sook , Song Yu‐Mi , Choi Jin Seok , Yang Jung Woon , Han Hogyu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Route to Pyridones, Pyrazolo[2,3‐a]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines Incorporating Antipyrine Moiety.
Authors: Farag Ahmad M. , Dawood Kamal M. , Elmenoufy Hanan A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Deprotection of Acid Labile Primary Hydroxyl Protecting Groups under CBr4‐Photoirradiation Conditions.
Authors: Chen Ming‐Yi , Patkar Laxmikant N. , Lu Kuo‐Cheng , Lee Adam Shih‐Yuan , Lin Chun‐Cheng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phenols Reactions with 1,1‐Difluorodichloroethene, 1,2‐Di(fluorochloro)ethene, and Trifluorochloroethene.
Authors: Kremlev M. M. , Mushta A. I. , Moklyarchuk L. I. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel C—C Bond Formation Through Addition of Ammonium Ylides to Arylaldehydes: A Facile Approach to β‐Aryl‐β‐hydroxy α‐Amino Acid Frameworks.
Authors: Wang Yuanhua , Chen Zhiyong , Mi Aiqiao , Hu Wenhao 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of Aromatic Compounds. Part 12. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Oxidation Dimerization of Alkyl 3‐Arylpropynoates in the System CF3CO2H—CH2Cl2 —PbO2.
Authors: Savechenkov P. Yu. , Vasil'ev A. V. , Rudenko A. P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modern Friedel—Crafts Chemistry. Part 26. A Facile Synthesis of trans‐2‐Methyl‐1‐phenylindan via Rearranged Intramolecular Cycloalkylation of 1,2‐Diphenyl‐2‐methyl‐2‐propanol under Friedel—Crafts Conditions.
Authors: Khalaf Ali A. , Albar Hassan A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation of Fluoroderivatives of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐1,3‐diazafluorene from 2‐Dialkylamino‐3‐(1‐imino‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)hexafluoroindenes.
Authors: Karpov V. M. , Platonov V. E. , Chuikov I. P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Condensation of 4‐Substituted 2‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐4‐pentanolides with α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds.
Authors: Kochikyan T. V. , Arutyunyan V. S. , Arutyunyan E. V. , Avetisyan A. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tandem Functionalization of Nonactivated Alkenes and Alkynes in Intramolecular N‐Acyloxyiminium Ion Carbocyclization. Synthesis of 6‐Substituted Hydroindole 2‐Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Hanessian Stephen , Tremblay Martin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chloro(bromo)vinyl Ketones and 2,2‐Dichloroacrolein in Reactions with Hydrazines.
Authors: Bozhenkov G. V. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Mirskova A. N. , Dolgushin G. V. , Larina L. I. , Ushakov P. E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Methyl 5(6)‐(4‐Aminophenoxy)‐ and 5(6)‐(2‐Aminophenoxy)‐2‐benzimidazolyl Carbamates and Their Biological Properties.
Authors: Pilyugin V. S. , Mikhailyuk A. N. , Kosareva V. M. , Chikisheva G. E. , Kiseleva G. V. , Kuznetsova S. L. , Vorobyeva T. P. , Klimakova E. V. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
cis‐ and trans‐N‐(Benzylsulfinyl)hexahydrobenzoxazolidin‐2‐ones as Novel Chiral Sulfinyl Transfer Reagents.
Authors: Clara‐Sosa Angel , Perez Lydia , Sanchez Mario , Melgar‐Fernandez Roberto , Juaristi Eusebio , Quintero Leticia , Anaya de Parrodi Cecilia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐(Ethylsulfanyl)aniline Derivatives Through the Unexpected Ring Opening of N‐Substituted‐2(3H)‐benzothiazolones.
Authors: Lebegue Nicolas , Charrier Gaetan , Carato Pascal , Yous Said , Berthelot Pascal 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Oxamic Acids Thiohydrazides and Carbamoyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Yarovenko V. N. , Shirokov A. V. , Krupinova O. N. , Zavarzin I. V. , Krayushkin M. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Aminoquinazoline and Thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ylamine Derivatives by Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Yoon David S. , Han Ying , Stark Todd M. , Haber James C. , Gregg Brian T. , Stankovich Sara B. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐α‐amino Acids via Polymer Incarcerated Palladium‐Catalyzed Amidocarbonylation.
Authors: Akiyama Ryo , Sagae Takahiro , Sugiura Masaharu , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Substrate Controlled, Very Highly Diastereoselective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction: A Remote Activation of the Diastereofacial Selectivity in the Synthesis of C‐3‐Branched Deoxysugars.
Authors: Sagar Ram , Pant Chandra Shekhar , Pathak Rashmi , Shaw Arun K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Amine Transporter Affinities of Novel Phenyltropane Derivatives as Potential Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Agents.
Authors: Peng Xuemei , Zhang Ao , Kula Nora S. , Baldessarini Ross J. , Neumeyer John L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Efficient Synthesis of 2α‐(ω‐Hydroxyalkoxy)‐1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogues, Including 2‐epi‐ED‐71 and Their 20 Epimers with HL‐60 Cell Differentiation Activity.
Authors: Kittaka Atsushi , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies of ABB′O3 (A: La, Pr, Nd; B: Fe, Mn; B′: Pd, Pt) Perovskites.
Authors: Koponen Markus J. , Suvanto Mika , Pakkanen Tapani A. , Kallinen Kauko , Kinnunen Toni‐J. J. , Haerkoenen Matti 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐(2‐Aminoethyl)‐3‐(arylsulfonyl)‐1H‐indoles as Novel 5‐HT6 Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Bernotas Ronald , Lenicek Steven , Antane Schuyler , Zhang Guo Ming , Smith Deborah , Coupet Joseph , Harrison Boyd , Schechter Lee E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Light propagation analysis and high‐speed electro‐optic switching in one‐dimensional photonic crystal with nematic liquid crystal defect layer
Authors: Ozaki Ryotaro , Ozaki Masanori , Yoshino Katsumi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt is possible by the application of voltage to control the local level in a one‐dimensional photonic crystal with a liquid crystal defect layer. In the present paper, a nematic liquid crystal is used and high‐speed switching is attempted on the basis of the shift of the localized state wavelength by the photonic bandgap and liquid crystal orientation control. First, by the finite‐difference time‐domain method, the optical propagation characteristics inside a one‐dimensional photonic crystal with a liquid crystal defect layer are analyzed. It is shown that optical switching by control of the localized state wavelength is possible. TiO2 and SiO2 are periodically laminated as a one‐dimensional photonic crystal. A nematic liquid crystal layer is introduced as a defect layer to disturb the periodicity, resulting in a one‐dimensional photonic crystal with a liquid crystal defect layer. By application of a voltage, the orientation of the liquid crystal defect layer is varied in an attempt to perform optical switching by electric field control of the localized state. High‐speed optical switching of microsecond order is successful with nematic liquid crystals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(4): 46–53, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20087
A miniature thin‐film shielded‐loop probe with a flip‐chip bonding for magnetic near field measurements
Authors: Tamaki Naoya , Masuda Norio , Kuriyama Toshihide , Bu Jin‐Ching , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Arai Ken‐Ichi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn order to obtain EMC design information, it is important to accurately evaluate the near field of LSI chips and printed circuit boards as well as the interconnect currents. In particular, the need for measurement of LSI, considered as a source of noise, has increased. The authors have developed miniature shielded loop probes by using a thin film process. There is a problem that electromagnetic shielding at the wire bonding junctions for the loop output has not been sufficient. In the present paper, a new miniature shielded loop probe configuration is proposed in which the loop output is extracted by means of flip‐chip bonding, which is expected to improve the shielding capability and reduce insertion loss. The effectiveness of the flip‐chip bonding is demonstrated by an evaluation of magnetic field detection by the fabricated probe near interconnections. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(4): 37–45, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20091
An optical‐waveguide‐type magnetic field probe with a loop antenna element
Authors: Miyakawa Tosiya , Nishikawa Kenji , Nishida Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe measured the magnetic field signal near a printed circuit board and examined an optical‐waveguide‐type magnetic field probe with the object of knowing the current signals flowing in the wires, the crosstalk between the wires, and the radiated noise source without affecting the operating state of the circuit. The frequency response of the probe head was analyzed based on an equivalent circuit model, and the relationship between the antenna setting parameters and the probe characteristics was explained. Next, a probe was designed and fabricated, and its properties evaluated with the objective of proving the operation of magnetic field detection in the cellular phone and wireless LAN frequency bands. Frequency characteristics and magnetic field/electric field sensitivity ratio characteristics similar to those of the equivalent circuit model were seen in the electromagnetic field measurements with a Horn antenna as the transmission source. Magnetic field detection near a microstrip line was also confirmed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(4): 18–27, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20121
B cells can prime naive CD4+ T cells in vivo in the absence of other professional antigen‐presenting cells in a CD154‐CD40‐dependent manner
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pinto Daniel , Moreno José 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe role of B cells as APC is well established. However, their ability to prime naive T cells in vivo has been difficult to examine because of the presence of dendritic cells. The current studies were undertaken to examine this issue in a model of adoptive transfer of antigen‐specific B cells and T cells into histoincompatible Rag2–/– mice. By means of this system, we were able to demonstrate that antigen‐specific B cells are competent APC for naive CD4+ T cells specific for the same antigen. In vivo antigen presentation resulted in expansion of both CD4+ T cells and B cells. The antigen‐presenting function of the transferred B cells was dependent on the CD154‐CD40 interaction, as transfer of CD154‐deficient antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells or CD40‐deficient B cells failed to induce T and B cell expansion in response to immunization. These results indicate that antigen‐specific B cells have the capacity to induce primary T cell responses in the absence of other competent APC.
The advantage of mucosal immunization for polysaccharide‐specific memory responses in early life
Authors: Bjarnarson Stefania P. , Jakobsen Håvard , Del Giudice Giuseppe , Trannoy Emanuelle , Siegrist Claire‐Anne , Jonsdottir Ingileif 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim of vaccination is to rapidly elicit protective immunity and generate memory for sustained protection. We studied the induction and persistence of polysaccharide (PS)‐specific memory in neonatal and infant mice primed with pneumococcal conjugate (Pnc1‐TT) by assessing the response to native pneumococcal PS (PPS‐1), the kinetics of the PPS‐1‐specific IgG response to a second Pnc1‐TT dose and affinity maturation. A subcutaneous (s.c.) Pnc1‐TT booster induced a rapid increase in PPS‐1‐specific IgG, indicating efficient priming for memory by a single dose of Pnc1‐TT already at 1 week of age. High levels were maintained for >12 weeks. However, a PPS‐1 booster induced no response in neonatal or infant mice. The adjuvant LT‐K63 significantly enhanced the IgG response and affinity to Pnc1‐TT by both the s.c. and the intranasal (i.n.) route in all age groups. In neonatal and infant mice, PPS‐1 and LT‐K63 induced a booster response only when given i.n. following either s.c. or i.n. priming with Pnc1‐TT and LT‐K63. In contrast, PPS‐1 with or without LT‐K63 administered s.c. compromised the ongoing PPS‐1‐specific response elicited in neonatal mice by either s.c. or i.n. priming with Pnc1‐TT and LT‐K63. These results demonstrate the advantage of the mucosal route for elicitation of PS‐specific memory responses in early life.
Kinetics of costimulatory molecule expression by T cells and dendritic cells during the induction of tolerance versus immunity in vivo
Authors: Hochweller Kristin , Anderton Stephen M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSteady‐state dendritic cells (DC) present peptide‐MHC complexes to T cells in a tolerogenic manner, presumably because of deficient costimulation. However, it is clear that the path to tolerance involves initial T cell activation, suggesting that the deficit may lie in late‐acting costimulatory molecules. With this in mind we have investigated the kinetics of expression of several costimulatory pairs on DC and OVA‐reactive T cells after i.v. injection of mice with peptide and LPS (immunity), or peptide alone (tolerance). We find that T cells up‐regulate CD154, OX40, RANKL and PD‐1 whether they are destined for tolerance or immunity, although there are some differences in the levels and length of expression. In contrast, when analyzing DC, we found that up‐regulation of CD80, CD86, CD40, RANK and PDL‐1 occurred only when peptide was co‐administered with LPS. These data give a picture of the T cell looking for costimulatory cues that are not forthcoming when pMHC is presented by steady‐state DC, leading to tolerance. However, we did see a strong and rapid up‐regulation of RANKL on T cells that occurred specifically when peptide was given in the absence of LPS, suggesting a possible positive signal influencing the decision between tolerance and immunity.