bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scottish Bards and English Epigraphs: Robert Burns’s A Winter Night’
Authors: Stafford Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
collection was published in Kilmarnock, a small town in Ayr­shire, in July 1786, but news of its extraordinary quality spread rapidly. Within weeks, the first edition had more or less sold out and plans for a second were under way. Instead of Jamaica, which had been the destination of a rather desperately planned escape from financial ruin and very messy emotional entangle­ments, Burns found himself heading for Edinburgh to dazzle, and be feted by, literary high society. It was a remarkable turn of fortune, but one so swift that its effect seems to have been as much unsettling as uplifting. In the capital city, Burns may not have been faced with a failing farm or lovers carrying his children, but there were new, and unexpected pressures. A second edition of the poems would require more material, but for the first time in his life Burns was writing at the demand of others.
Evidence-Based and Evidence-Free Generalizations: A Tale of Two Cultures
Authors: Tallis Ray Mono 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To an outsider, it seems that, since the study of literature was first established as an academic discipline, there has been almost continuous disagreement over the best or most appropriate approach to criticism. Recently, the very legitimacy of appreciation, evaluation, and interpretation of individual works and individual authors has been questioned. Dissent within literary studies has acquired a bitter edge and there are deep divisions amongst academic critics.
Writing Autobiography
Authors: Lessing Doris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the very end of his life Goethe said that he had only just learned how to read. He was the most distinguished man of letters in Europe, one of a galaxy of literary eminences, so he wasn’t talking about his ABC. So what was this very old man talking about, when he said he had only just learned how to read? I have put this at the beginning of my essay because it illustrates what a long time it sometimes takes to learn things. Writing volume T of my autobiography I learned a good deal I didn’t expect, and I was amazed at myself because it had taken so long. You always learn when writing a book. It is a fact as yet unknown to science that when you tackle a new subject then suddenly it is everywhere, on the television, in the newspapers, on the radio, people start talking about it, an overheard conversation on a bus-there it is again, and a book falls open at just that relevant place. This is a quite astonishing phenomenon, but, like many others, we take it for granted. I am not however talking about that kind of learning, but what happens when you say, ‘Good God, how was it I didn’t see that before! It’s perfectly obvious!’ I have been reading biographies and autobiographies all my life, yet I have never actually sat down to think about the differences between them, nor the differences between them and novels. Yet the very moment I began to think seriously, the problem began to bristle with difficulties.
Literature and the Crisis in the Concept of the University
Authors: Clark Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 199 5 an article in the TLS by Daniel Dennett opened with an observation he had made during a recent visit to Oxford: that when he was there in the 1960s he felt that it was a university whose ethos and sense of purpose came from academics and they employed others to administer them. Now, his impression was that, in conformity to a model already long apparent in the USA, they were working for the administration. Yet, he adds, where can any idea of the university reside if not in its academics? This is part of the situation the late Bill Readings has in mind in his polemical book The University in Ruins. This claim is not novel. A. H. Halsey’s The Decline of Donnish Dominion argues that academics are in the process of becoming a new form of proletariat: that is, workers whose labour is owned by others.
Dryden and the Staging of Popular Politics
Authors: Kewes Paulina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My theme in this chapter is Dryden’s distinctive contribution to the theatrical representation of popular politics, in particular of the mechanisms by which public opinion is swayed and controlled. By ‘popular politics’ I mean the role played in political conflict by people outside those elites of power which centred on the king, court, and Parliament: that is, by people who would not normally have had a say in policy-making, but whose opinions had none the less to be taken into account, especially in times of political crisis. To define ‘popular politics’ in this way may seem an oversimplification. First, as Tim Harris and others have shown, late seventeenth-century lower orders played a prominent part in government, even if only at the local level. For example, they participated in law enforcement in the city (and in rural parishes) in their capacity as constables and members of the militia.
Dryden And Congreve’S Collaboration in The Double Dealer
Authors: Brady Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I want to thank my colleagues at Rhodes, Gail Murray, Sandra McEntire, and Brian Shaffer, for their steadfast support and intellectual help during the writing of this essay, and the editors of this volume for their painstaking reading of it at a later stage. I want also to thank my dear friends Earl Miner, for giving me my first break in Dryden studies, and Andy Silber, who sparked my interest in Dryden some thirty years ago.
‘According to my Genius’: Dryden‘S Translation of ’The First Book of Homer‘s Ilias’
Authors: Winn James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most important English classical translations of the long eighteenth century are John Dryden‘s Aeneis (1697) and Alexander Pope‘s Iliad (1715-20). Successful at the time of publication and virtually unchallenged for the next 150 years, these renderings of epic poetry into heroic couplets are important poems in their own right, and revealing documents in the history of the reception of classical epic. A nearly forgotten part of that history is Dryden‘s version of the first book of the Iliad, published a few months before his death in 1700, but intended as a trial balloon for a complete translation. Until very recently, scholars have either ignored or devalued this vigorous and lively work; according to one respected expert, it ‘represents not only a change in tactics but a falling off in skill from his Virgil‘. Yet I shall contend here that Dryden‘s ‘First Book‘ is more Homeric than Pope‘s-indeed, more Homeric than any translation into a European language before the twentieth century. Pope files the rough edges off Homer, producing not only a smoother and more
Streetwalking the Metropolis
Authors: Parsons Deborah L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can there be a flaneuse, and what form might she take? This is the central question of Streetwalking the Metropolis, an important contribution to ongoing debates on the city and modernity in which Deborah Parsons re-draws the gendered map of urban modernism. Assessing the cultural and literary history of the concept of the flaneur, the urban observer/writer traditionally gendered as masculine, the author advances critical space for the discussion of a female 'flaneuse', focused around a range of women writers from the 1880's to World War Two. Cutting across period boundaries, this wide-ranging study offers stimulating accounts of works by writers including Amy Levy, Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, Rosamund Lehmann, Jean Rhys, Janet Flanner, Djuna Barnes, Anais Nin, Elizabeth Bowen and Doris Lessing, highlighting women's changing relationship with the social and psychic spaces of the city, and drawing attention to the ways in which the perceptions and experiences of the street are translated into the dynamics of literary texts.
The Woman of the Crowd
Authors: Parsons Deborah L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the late nineteenth century, women’s access to the metropolis was expanding, both in terms of leisure and employment. The New Woman, the working girl, and the female shopper are all types of female presence associated with the city of modernity. They are significant as images of urban women within the city as well as metaphors for female perceptions of the city. Although this new freedom was limited, and subject to the manipulations of employers and the commodity industry, its importance for emancipation should not be overlooked. Women’s legitimate participation in city life was an extremely significant divergence from Victorian conventional belief and acquired a great deal of anxious attention from contemporary social commentators, who tended to regard women as becoming overwhelmingly present.
On the Margins of the City
Authors: Parsons Deborah L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The modernist literary climate of the 1920s has customarily been defined as both urban and dislocated, influentially described by Raymond Williams as ‘the practices and ideas of the avant-garde movements of the twentieth century and the specific conditions and relationships of the twentieth-century metropolis’.1 Nineteenth-century and pre-war period ‘modernity’ was linked to the increased urbanism of the industrializing West, and can be characterized by the new experiences, psychologies, and social groups that resulted. By contrast, ‘modernism’, despite its seemingly indeterminate expansiveness, is, in its original form, far more historically, socially, and geographically specific-defined retrospectively by its own (predominantly male) proponents into a selfperpetuating myth of an Anglo-American expatriate, avant-garde community,
Love and Eugenics in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Richardson Angelique 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea of eugenics - human selective breeding - originated in Victorian Britain in response to the urban poor. Darwin's evolutionary theory had laid the foundations for eugenics, replacing paradise with primordial slime. Man had not fallen from Grace, but risen from the swamps. And, as architect of his own destiny, he might rise still further. Eugenics was developed by Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in the 1860s. Embracing the idea of evolution, eugenists argued that through the judicious control of human reproduction, and the numerical increase of the middle class, Britain's supremacy in the world could be maintained. Born and bred among the competitive Victorian middle class, eugenics was a biologistic discourse on class. Aiming at 'racial improvement' by altering the balance of class in society, it was, Galton argued, 'practical Darwinism'. Eugenics found its most sustained expression in fiction and the periodical press, and was central to late nineteenth-century ideas on social progress, forming part of the debate between hereditarians and environmentalists that peaked in the closing years of the century. Even Gladstone had his vital statistics measured in Galton's eugenic laboratory. Among the champions of eugenics were social purity feminists and New Women, writers such as George Egerton, Ellice Hopkins, and Sarah Grand, who argued that women were naturally - biologically - moral, and that through rational reproduction middle-class women could regenerate the British imperial race. The New Woman has been the subject of numerous recent critical works. However, the oppressive ideas that coexisted with the mancipatory theories of some New Women - ideas that were supremely class conscious - remain largely unexamined, as the focus remains on her more progressive aspects. Love and Eugenics in the Late Nineteenth Century recontextualizes New Woman writers, demonstrating that they were as concerned with the questions of poverty, sickness and health as they were with the changing role of women, the issue for which they are currently generally known and celebrated. Focusing on fiction and the press, and drawing on the papers and published work of Galton and other eugenists, Angelique Richardson reveals the cultural pervasiveness of eugenics and explores, for the first time, the intimate relations between early feminism and eugenics, and making a radical contribution to nineteenth-century studies.
Mona Caird: Individual Liberty and the Challenge to Eugenics
Authors: Richardson Angelique 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Mona Caird declared in 1888 in the Westminster Review that marriage in its present form was ‘a vexatious failure’, she sparked the most famous newspaper controversy of the nineteenth century. She was not opposed to marriage per se, but urged its development along lines which paid greater respect to the freedom of the individual.
Jane Barker, Exile
Authors: King Kathryn R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jane Barker (1652-1732), English poet and novelist, is one of the most important women writers to enter the early modern literary marketplace. This book, the first full-length study of her writing career, draws upon archival sources to reconstruct Barker's beginnings as a manuscript poet, expose the Catholic-Jacobite underpinnings of her best-known fiction, trace her passage into print, and explore connections between her literary imaginings and the national life. It will be valuable to students of manuscript culture, the early marketplace, and the interplay of politics, religion, literature, and gender in the Augustan period. The study also makes a significant contribution to feminist literary historiography, showing how women writers can be approached not only through feminist models of difference but also through more inclusive models of women's involvement in early modern culture.
Introduction
Authors: King Kathryn R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By any reckoning Jane Barker (1652-1732) was a remarkable figure. A devoted Jacobite who followed the Stuarts into exile, a learned spinster who dabbled in commercial medicine, a novelist who wrote one of very few accounts of female same-sex desire in early modern Britain, she was also one of the most important women writers to enter the literary market-place during the Augustan period. Barker published occasional verse, satires on affairs of state, a heroic romance, a translation of a French devotional manual, and the increasingly admired novels that compose the innovative, autobiographically based Galesia trilogy. Her writing life spanned a crucial half-century, from the mid-167os to the mid-172os.
A Writer for Pay
Authors: King Kathryn R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an oft-cited passage Galesia, asked whether she prefers Philips or Behn, replies with “blunt Indignation” that “they ought not to be nam”d together” (PWS rn8). This emphatic repudiation is usually read as an effort on Barker’s part to dissociate herself from Aphra Behn or, more precisely, to dodge the ill-repute that pursued the scandalous Behn after her death and indeed into our own century. I Perhaps this is so. But to stress the distance between these two writers is to risk obscuring the extent to which Barker, by the end of her writing life, had come to embrace an authorial identity suggestive less of Orinda’s genteel amateurism than of Behn’s market-place professionalism.
H.D. and the Public Sphere of Modernist Women Writers, 1913–1946
Authors: Taylor Georgina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book locates H.D. within an Anglo-American ‘public sphere’ of women writers, a discursive arena in which individuals come together in debate and discussion. The theoretical framework used is that outlined in Jürgen Habermas’s The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, modified in order to consider this group as a ‘counter-public sphere’, a non-dominant group whose interests were non-identical to those of the dominant public sphere. From 1913 a network of little magazines enabled women writers to come together in unprecedented numbers in public exchange. The ethos of this public sphere was a challenge to all convention, including challenges to the perceived sentimentality of earlier women’s writing; H.D.’s Imagism was crucial in this. Initially this public sphere avoided engagement with the wider socio-political world, focusing instead on psychic reality. Writing became increasingly experimental in a new wave of avant-garde activity, fuelling heated debate in the magazines around the nature of ‘literature’. By the mid 1920s this particular literary sphere had lost direction, but continued to experiment and seek new ways forward. New discussions around cinematic forms (in which H.D. participated) kept critical discussion very much alive. In the 1930s the work emerging from this network was increasingly politically aware. This was a period of highly disturbed writing such as H.D.’s Nights and Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood, internalizations of the sadomasochism enacted on the world stage. After the war, this public sphere declined into personal exchanges in letters and private circulation of manuscripts.
Slavery, Empathy, and Pornography in John Gabriel Stedman’s Narrative of a Five Years Expedition Against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam
Authors: Wood Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plantation pornography is now a huge business and has infiltrated literature, fine art, popular publishing, film video, and BDSM cultures on the Web.2 There are plantation pornographies devoted to each of the major Atlantic slave colonies. Edgar Mittelholzer’s Kaywanatrilogy attempted to make a pornographic epic out of Dutch slavery in Guyana; it sold internationally in millions. Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, and Brazil have all been the settings for formulaic exploitation, ranging from hard-core bondage materials to plantation erotica.3
William Cobbett, John Thelwall: Radicalism, Racism, and Slavery
Authors: Wood Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before the mid-eighteenth century there had not been very much visual art, or very many printed texts, produced on the subjects of Atlantic slavery, or the treatment of Afro-Caribbean slaves in Britain and the British sugar colonies.1 From the late 1780s until 1807, when the bill abolishing the British slave trade was finally passed, there was an explosion of material on the subject. Race theory, the English conception of Africans and the English perception of Atlantic slavery, was suddenly transformed by propaganda in irreversible ways.2
‘Born to be a destroyer of slavery’: Harriet Martineau Fixing Slavery and Slavery as a Fix
Authors: Wood Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nightingale’s jumpy testimony reveals several things, first that slavery, in her opinion, was, for Martineau, ubiquitous, global, and comparative. Slavery emerges at home as well as abroad, and is understood to be as much the product of domestic, economic, and political theory as the result of individual actions by planters in the colonies. More weirdly, it is the fertile progeny of sin ‘the fruits of an abuse’, and even exists as a source of inspiration. In those troubling words ‘wherever she saw, or thought she saw it.
Canons to the Right of them, Canons to the Left of them: Mansfield Park, Jane Eyre, and Memorial Subversions of Slavery
Authors: Wood Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The debates concerning how nineteenth-century England responded to the inheritance of slavery have penetrated the orthodox literary canon. Nowhere is this more forcefully in evidence than in the numerous recent readings of Mansfield Parkand Jane Eyrewhich focus on colonial reference. The two novels have emerged as critical foci for the discussion of nineteenth-century imaginative engagement with Atlantic slavery. There are also arguments that both works set up various parallels between the exploitation of colonial labour and that of women within England. There are enormous difficulties involved in advancing the latter position.
The Political Sciences of Life: From American Pantisocracy to British Romanticism
Authors: Johnston Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pantisocracy episode-or ‘fiasco’, to use what seems to have become its normative descriptive term-must be tied with the ‘Spy Nozy’ incident for poll position in the list of ‘Ludicrous Events’ associated with Coleridge’s wayward genius.
Coleridge’s ‘Abstruse Researches’
Authors: Vickers Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At Wordsworth’s advice or rather fervent intreaty I have intermitted the pursuit-the intensity of thought, & the multitude of minute experiments with Light & Figure, have made me so nervous & feverish, that I cannot sleep as long as I ought & have been used to do... (Coleridge to Thomas Poole, 16 March 1801, CL,ii. 707)
Space for Speculation: Coleridge, Barbauld, and the Poetics of Priestley
Authors: Stabler Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a mournful notebook entry of December 1801, Coleridge sketched out the rest of his life: A lively picture of a man, disappointed in marriage, & endeavoring to make a compensation to himself by virtuous & tender & brotherly friendship with an amiable Woman-the obstacles-the jealousies-the impossibility of it.
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Frankenstein
Authors: Lau Beth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Readers of Frankenstein know that Mary Shelley was familiar with Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner, since she quotes the work twice in her novel. Early in the I 8 I 8 edition Robert Walton tells his sister that he is ‘going to unexplored regions, to “the land of mist and snow”; but I shall kill no albatross, there fore do not be alarmed for my safety’ (p. n).1 In the I83I text, the passage is expanded as Walton explains, ‘or if I should come back to you as worn and woful as the “Ancient Mariner?” You will smile at my allusion; but I will disclose a secret. I have often attributed my attachment to, my passionate enthusiasm for, the dangerous mysteries of ocean, to that production of the most imaginative of modern poets’ (p. 2I).
Coleridge and the End of Autonomy
Authors: Perry Seamus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A persistent theorist of ‘Life’, and gifted with rather more than the smack of Hamlet he admitted (TT, ii. 61), Coleridge could hardly fail to be stirred by Hamlet’s inconclusive assessment of the pros and cons. ‘To be, or not to be’: the shape of the phrase stuck with him, articulating, in variously transmuted forms, quite different moods of indecision.
How shall we write the Life of Coleridge?
Authors: Beer John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The immediate occasion of this chapter was an invitation to contribute the new entry for Coleridge in the revised Dictionary of National Biography. It was an invitation I felt bound to accept, but one that I then mulled over with apprehension, since it was an observable fact that since his death attempts to write the whole life of Coleridge had been notably doomed.
‘Salvage Knight’
Authors: McCabe Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no documentary evidence for Spenser’s presence in Ireland prior to his arrival with Lord Grey in August 1580, but there is much to indicate an association with the Sidney circle. The Shepheardes Calender is dedicated to Sir Philip Sidney and the Familiar Letters suggest that both Spenser and Harvey were anxious to cultivate his acquaintance, and to be seen to do so.1 Sir Henry Sidney had greater experience of lrish politics than any of his contemporaries and Spenser’s relationship with his son may well have impelled him into the Irish service. In response to Grey’s request for advice, Sir Henry penned a long and detailed letter supplying an overview of the conditions in Ireland and of the difficulties incident to the office of Lord Deputy — an office in which, he claims, his son has ‘ernestlie and often’ expressed an interest.