bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The successful and safe conversion of joint arthroplasty to same-day surgery: A necessity after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Habbous Steven , Waddell James , Hellsten Erik 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
A key strategy to address system pressures on hip and knee arthroplasty through the COVID-19 pandemic has been to shift procedures to the outpatient setting.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort and case-control study. Using the Discharge Abstract Database and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System databases, we estimated the use of outpatient hip and knee arthroplasty in Ontario, Canada. After propensity-score matching, we estimated rates of 90-day readmission, 90-day emergency department (ED) visit, 1-year mortality, and 1-year infection or revision.

Results
204,066 elective hip and 341,678 elective knee arthroplasties were performed from 2010–2022. Annual volumes of hip and knee arthroplasties increased steadily until 2020. Following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020) through December 31, 2022 there were 7,561 (95% CI 5,435 to 9,688) fewer hip and 20,777 (95% CI 17,382 to 24,172) fewer knee replacements performed than expected. Outpatient arthroplasties increased as a share of all surgeries from 1% pre-pandemic to 39% (hip) and 36% (knee) by 2022. Among inpatient arthroplasties, the tendency to discharge to home did not change since the start of the pandemic. During the COVID-19 era, patients receiving arthroplasty in the outpatient setting had a similar or lower risk of readmission than matched patients receiving inpatient arthroplasty [hip: RR 0.65 (0.56–0.76); knee: RR 0.86 (0.76–0.97)]; ED visits [hip: RR 0.78 (0.73–0.83); knee: RR 0.92 (0.88–0.96)]; and mortality, infection, or revision [hip: RR 0.65 (0.45–0.93); knee: 0.90 (0.64–1.26)].

Conclusion
Following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, the volume of outpatient hip and knee arthroplasties performed increased despite a reduction in overall arthroplasty volumes. This shift in surgical volumes from the inpatient to outpatient setting coincided with pressures on hospitals to retain inpatient bed capacity. Patients receiving arthroplasty in the outpatient setting had relatively similar outcomes to those receiving inpatient surgery after matching on known sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Effect of a single one-hour teaching session about environmental pollutants and climate change on the understanding and behavioral choices of adolescents: The BREATHE pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abrham Yorusaliem , Zeng Siyang , Tenney Rachel , Davidson Caroline , Yao Emily , Kloth Chantal , Dalton Sarah , Arjomandi Mehrdad 
Published: November 2023

Background
Despite the wealth of scientific information on the health effects of air pollution, the adult public’s lifestyle continues to be largely detrimental towards the environment.

Objective
The purpose of the study was to determine whether a short interactive teaching session on air pollution could shift reported behavioral choices of adolescents towards environmentally friendlier options.

Methods
We performed a pilot randomized control trial in which eighth-grade students were randomized to receive a one-hour script-based teaching on either the effects of air pollution on lung health (intervention group) or the role of vaccination in public health (active control group). The enrolled students completed a survey (15 multiple-choice questions; five targeting understanding (score range 5 to 20); ten targeting behavioral choices (score range 10 to 38) newly designed for this study to evaluate their understanding and predict their future behavior towards air pollution immediately before, immediately after, and one month after the teaching sessions.

Results
Seventy-seven students (age = 13.5±0.6 years; 50.4% female; median annual family income = $25K-$50K with 70.1% <$50K; 39 assigned to intervention group) were enrolled in the study. The teaching sessions did not result in any significant change in the participants’ understanding domain scores in either the intervention or the control groups. However, the intervention (air pollution) teaching session resulted in a statistically significant increase in behavior domain score from baseline to immediately post-teaching, which continued to be present at one-month follow-up (mean ± standard deviation of score change immediately after = 1.7±3.3; score change 1-month after = 2.5±3.2; P<0.001; minimally important difference = 1.0).

Discussion
This pilot study highlights the potential of a short one-time teaching session in promoting environmentally friendly behavior choices among adolescents.
ECDD-S16 targets vacuolar ATPase: A potential inhibitor compound for pyroptosis-induced inflammation
Authors: Ekchariyawat Peeraya , Saengfak Rattatammanoon , Sanongkiet Sucharat , Charoenwongpaiboon Thanapon , Khongpraphan Suphasuta , Mala Supaporn , Luangjindarat Chularat , Munyoo Bumrung , Chabang Napason , Charoensutthivarakul Sitthivut , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Ponpuak Marisa , Pudla Matsayapan , Utaisincharoen Pongsak 
Published: November 2023

Background
Cleistanthin A (CA), extracted from Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille, was previously reported as a potential V-ATPase inhibitor relevant to cancer cell survival. In the present study, ECDD-S16, a derivative of cleistanthin A, was investigated and found to interfere with pyroptosis induction via V-ATPase inhibition.

Objective
This study examined the ability of ECDD-S16 to inhibit endolysosome acidification leading to the attenuation of pyroptosis in Raw264.7 macrophages activated by both surface and endosomal TLR ligands.

Methods
To elucidate the activity of ECDD-S16 on pyroptosis-induced inflammation, Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with the compound before stimulation with surface and endosomal TLR ligands. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by LDH assay. Additionally, the production of cytokines and the expression of pyroptosis markers were examined by ELISA and immunoblotting. Moreover, molecular docking was performed to demonstrate the binding of ECDD-S16 to the vacuolar (V-)ATPase.

Results
This study showed that ECDD-S16 could inhibit pyroptosis in Raw264.7 cells activated with surface and endosomal TLR ligands. The attenuation of pyroptosis by ECDD-S16 was due to the impairment of endosome acidification, which also led to decreased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. Furthermore, molecular docking also showed the possibility of inhibiting endosome acidification by the binding of ECDD-S16 to the vacuolar (V-)ATPase in the region of V0.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate the potential of ECDD-S16 for inhibiting pyroptosis and prove that vacuolar H+ ATPase is essential for pyroptosis induced by TLR ligands.
Role of the volume conductor on simulations of local field potential recordings from deep brain stimulation electrodes
Authors: Noor M. Sohail , Howell Bryan , McIntyre Cameron C. 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Local field potential (LFP) recordings from deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes are commonly used in research analyses, and are beginning to be used in clinical practice. Computational models of DBS LFPs provide tools for investigating the biophysics and neural synchronization that underlie LFP signals. However, technical standards for DBS LFP model parameterization remain to be established. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the role of the volume conductor (VC) model complexity on simulated LFP signals in the subthalamic nucleus (STN).

Approach
We created a detailed human head VC model that explicitly represented the inhomogeneity and anisotropy associated with 12 different tissue structures. This VC model represented our “gold standard” for technical detail and electrical realism. We then incrementally decreased the complexity of the VC model and quantified the impact on the simulated LFP recordings. Identical STN neural source activity was used when comparing the different VC model variants.
Results
Ignoring tissue anisotropy reduced the simulated LFP amplitude by ~12%, while eliminating soft tissue heterogeneity had a negligible effect on the recordings. Simplification of the VC model to consist of a single homogenous isotropic tissue medium with a conductivity of 0.215 S/m contributed an additional ~3% to the error.

Significance
Highly detailed VC models do generate different results than simplified VC models. However, with errors in the range of ~15%, the use of a well-parameterized simple VC model is likely to be acceptable in most contexts for DBS LFP modeling.
Examining the disparities: A cross-sectional study of socio-economic factors and food insecurity in Togo
Authors: Kota Komlan , Chomienne Marie-Hélène , Yaya Sanni 
Published: November 2023

Background
Despite many interventions, Togo continues to have one of the highest rates of poverty and food insecurity in the sub-Saharan African region. Currently there is no systematic analysis of the factors associated with household food-insecurity in this country. This study aimed at exploring the factors associated with food insecurity in Togo.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that used data from five waves (2014 to 2018) of the Gallup World Poll (GWP) for Togo. Sample size included 4754 participants, aged 15 and above. Food insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) questionnaire as per the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guidelines. Our outcome variable was food insecurity, categorized as: 1) food secure (FIES score = 0–3), moderately food insecure (FIES score = 4–6), and severely food insecure (FIES score = 7–8). We did descriptive and multinomial regressions to analyze data using Stata version 16.

Results
Between 2014 and 2018, the percentage of severe food insecurity fluctuated—42.81% in 2014, 37.79% in 2015, 38.98% in 2016, 45.41% in 2017, and 33.84% in 2018. Whereas that of moderate food insecurity increased from 23.55% to 27.33% except for 2016 and 2017 where the percentage increased to 32.33% and 27.46% respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, we found that respondents with lower than elementary education had a higher relative risk ratio of moderate (RRR = 1.45,95%CI = 1.22–1.72) and severe (RRR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.46–2.02) food insecurity compared to those with secondary and higher education. Rural respondents had higher RRR of severe food insecurity (RRR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.16–1.62) compared to those who lived in the urban areas. Compared with those in the richest wealth quintile, respondents in the poorest wealth quintile had 2.21 times higher RRR of moderate (RRR = 2.21, 95%CI = 1.69–2.87) and 3.58 times higher RRR of severe (RRR = 3.58, 95%CI = 2.81–4.55) food insecurity.

Conclusion
About two-thirds of participants experienced some level of food insecurity in 2018. Lower levels of education, rural residency and poorer household wealth index areas were associated with a higher risk of food insecurity. National food security programs should focus on promoting education and improving socioeconomic condition of people especially in rural areas.
U-shaped association between serum triglyceride levels and mortality among septic patients: An analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Xiao Min , Deng Hongbin , Mao Wenjian , Liu Yang , Yang Qi , Liu Yuxiu , Fan Jiemei , Li Weiqin , Liu Dadong 
Published: November 2023

Background
Sepsis is characterized by upregulated lipolysis in adipose tissue and a high blood triglyceride (TG) level. It is still debated whether serum TG level is related to mortality in septic patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum TG level and mortality in septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
Data from adult septic patients (≥18 years) admitted to the ICU for the first time were obtained from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The patients’ serum TG levels that were measured within the first week after ICU admission were extracted for statistical analysis. The endpoints were 28-day, ICU and in-hospital mortality.

Results
A total of 2,782 septic patients were included. Univariate analysis indicated that the relationship between serum TG levels and the risk of mortality was significantly nonlinear. Both the Lowess smoothing technique and restricted cubic spline analyses revealed a U-shaped association between serum TG levels and mortality among septic patients. The lowest mortality rate was associated with a serum TG level of 300–500 mg/dL. Using 300∼500 mg/dL as the reference range, we found that both hypo-TG (<300 mg/dL) and hyper-TG (≥500 mg/dL) were associated with increased mortality. The result was further adjusted by Cox regression with and without the inclusion of some differential covariates.

Conclusions
There was a U-shaped association between serum TG and mortality in septic ICU patients. The optimal concentration of serum TG levels in septic ICU patients is 300–500 mg/dL.
Reference intervals of 24 trace elements in blood, plasma and erythrocytes for the Slovenian adult population
Authors: France Štiglic Alenka , Falnoga Ingrid , Briški Alenka Sešek , Žavbi Marko , Osredkar Joško , Skitek Milan , Marc Janja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to establish the population- and laboratory-specific reference intervals (RIs) for the Slovenian adult population for 24 trace elements (TEs) in blood, plasma and erythrocytes and to evaluate the impact of gender, age, seafood consumption, smoking habits and amalgam fillings on TEs levels.

Methods
TEs (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo, Li, Be, V, Cr, Ni, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Cs, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and U) were determined in 192 a priori selected blood donors (107 women and 85 men, aged 18–65 years), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with the Octopole Reaction System. Participants filled out a questionnaire, and RIs were established according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for TEs.

Results
Uniform RIs for non-essential and gender-specific for essential TEs in blood, plasma and erythrocytes were established. In our population, higher blood and plasma Cu, and erythrocyte Mn levels in women were found. In men, blood Zn, plasma Zn, Mn and Se, and erythrocyte Cu levels were higher. Zn levels were higher in 30–39 years age group. Pb and Sr increased with age. Smoking positively affected Cd, Pb, Cs and Rb; seafood consumption increased As, Hg and Zn; and amalgam increased Hg, Ag and Cu levels.

Conclusions
Essential TEs were inside recommended levels, and the non-essential ones were far below critical levels. Established RIs will provide an important foundation for clinical diagnostics, safety erythrocyte transfusions assessment, toxicology and epidemiological studies.
The feasibility and properties of wood used as filler in artificial turf to reduce environment pollution
Authors: Wang Luyang , Shi Ke , He Chunxia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To develop an eco-friendly artificial turf filling for replacing rubber elastomer particles, seven kinds of natural materials (cork, soft oak, champagne bark, oak bark, pine bark, willow bark, and vermiculite) were selected and processed into particles with a dimension of 1–2 mm. The water absorption performance, mold resistance, resilience, compression characteristics, and the repose angle were tested, and the surface microscopic morphology of granular materials was observed. The experimental results showed that the champagne bark had the largest plastic deformation range under pressure load, which was 0.21–7.82 KN. And the champagne bark particles had the best resilience, which was respectively 8.9 % and 7.1 % before and after compression, and its angle of repose was 36.8°, which was 9 % higher than that of the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) particle. Additionally, champagne bark had better mold resistance compared with the other six natural materials, and its mold only occurred in the mold inoculation center. In conclusion, champagne bark could be considered as an artificial turf filling granule to replace TPE rubber.
Performance analysis of the RoFSO system over a log-normal turbulent link
Authors: Mohammed Tahani J. , Ali Mazin Ali A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the design and performance evaluation of a radio over free space transmission link using Optisystem v.20 software. The research focuses on the integration of four transmission channels through the use of a multiplexer to achieve a transfer rate of 40 Gbps over a distance of 2 km, with each channel carrying 10 Gbps of data. This is achieved by modulating data on 20 GHz radio frequency signals, which are subsequently transmitted via laser waves at different frequencies. The performance of the proposed communication is assessed by evaluating its behavior in the presence of different levels of atmospheric turbulence, classified as light, medium, and strong. This analysis involves calculating based on metrics such as the Q-factor, bit error rate (BER), and log values (BER). The results showed that the Q factor decreased by (4.7) under the influence of a strong disturbance, while in contrast, it decreased by (0.2) under the influence of a weak disturbance. The results also indicated a minimum log BER (at −7.96) for the wavelength (193.3 THz) at 1.5 km. Besides, the best frequency for data transfer was (193.1 THz), followed by (193.4 THz).
Predictive maintenance feasibility assessment based on nonreturn valve wear of injection molding machines
Authors: Tsou Hao-Hsuan , Lin Jie-An , Huang Chung-Ching 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Predictive maintenance techniques are increasingly important in Industry 4.0; they can be applied to nonreturn valves to mitigate waste from improper replacement. To improve such predictive maintenance, this study used four nonreturn valves with different outer diameters to investigate the effects of wear on process variables and product quality under different process parameters. The results indicated that melt temperature (process parameter) had the most substantial influence on the amount of melt backflow. The process variables are the screw position at the end of the packing stage, the slope of the screw position during the packing stage, and peak pressure. The study investigated the influence of nonreturn valve wear on the entire molding process over different periods. The findings can be extended to prediction models for developing process windows and realizing the predictive maintenance of nonreturn valves in injection molding machines.
The syntax of two existential unaccusative verbs in Polish
Authors: Bondaruk Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper examines the syntax of two unaccusative verbs in Polish – ubyć.
perf/ubywać.imperf ‘to disappear, to decrease’ and przybyć.
perf/przybywać.imperf ‘to arrive, to increase’ – with a view to shedding light on the structure of existential unaccusatives. The two above-mentioned verbs appear in two distinct paradigms – the disappearance/motion verb and the existential one – both of which are taken to represent subtypes of existential structure. Existential verbs are treated here as monadic predicates with a single small clause complement, whose internal structure may vary, depending on the predicate. The two existential unaccusatives analysed in the paper may select two different types of small clause complement, which are different from the small clause selected by the existential być ‘to be’. Thus, Polish seems to make use of three different small clause structures in existential clauses. The paper also provides evidence that in Polish, like in English, existential unaccusatives are structurally distinct from change of state unaccusatives, and thus in the two languages there is more than one way to be structurally unaccusative. The account bears on the analysis of the genitive of negation in Polish, especially the issue of its inapplicability to existential unaccusatives versus its presence with the existential być ‘to be’.
ÖGD-FORTE: Evidenz für die Praxis
Authors: Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Duwendag Stella , Schmidt Kerstin , Joggerst Brigitte , Cremer Dirk , Hövener Claudia , Kajikhina Katja , Stengele Uwe , Hudák Michal , Drecktrah Marie , Zimmermann Thomas , Mohsenpour Amir , Pruskil Susanne 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Komplexe Gesundheitsherausforderungen erfordern agile Netzwerke. Das Konsortium ÖGD-FORTE zielt auf den Aufbau und die Etablierung neuer Strukturen und Prozesse zwischen Public-Health-Forschung und ÖGD-Praxis ab, um die nachhaltige Anwendung relevanter Forschungsmethoden zur Bearbeitung von Forschungsfragen zu ermöglichen und den Wissenstransfer zu befördern. Durch innovative und partizipative Prozesse entsteht ein überregionales Forschungsnetzwerk aus ÖGD-Partnern verschiedener föderaler Ebenen, was zu positiven Synergieeffekten führt, deren Nachhaltigkeit und Weiterentwicklung jedoch von strukturellen Verstetigungsoptionen abhängt.
Die Rolle des ÖGD in der Prävention
Authors: Szagun Bertram , Arnold Laura 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde der ÖGD zwar personell, kommunikativ und wissenschaftlich gestärkt, der ebenso dringliche Ausbau etablierter Governance-Strukturen blieb jedoch weitestgehend aus. Zur Stärkung seines präventiv ausgerichteten ressortübergreifenden Aufgaben- und Kompetenzprofils müssen die jahrzehntelang defizitäre Ressourcenausstattung überwunden und die Übernahme koordinierender Funktionen gesetzlich verankert werden.
Sozialmedizinische Gutachten durch den ÖGD: Noch immer aktuell?
Authors: Lange Rudolf 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Begutachtung sozialmedizinischer Fragestellungen gehört zu den Kernaufgaben des kommunalen Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes. Die Vielfalt der möglichen Themen stellt dabei für die Gesundheitsämter eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Daher kann es unter Berücksichtigung der nur teilweise gebotenen Patientennähe sinnvoll sein, manche Begutachtungsaufgaben zu zentralisieren, um die Kompetenzen und Erfahrungen der sozialmedizinisch qualifizierten Ärztinnen und Ärzte zu bündeln.
Evaluation, Evidenz und Intervention im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst
Authors: Kietzmann Anke 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
ÖGD-Interventionen sind einerseits an administrative Vorlagen gebunden, andererseits basieren sie auf lokalem Wissen von Experten, die mit der Zielgruppe des spezifischen Settings im intensiven Kontakt stehen. Die Evidenz der Interventionen wird durch Wirkungsnachweise im Sinne einer praxisbezogenen Evidenz generiert. Diese lokale Evidenz ist nicht generalisierbar. Unter Beachtung lokaler Unterschiede können die Ergebnisse jedoch in einen anderen lokalen Kontext übertragen werden.
Trainingsprogramme in angewandter Epidemiologie für den öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst in Deutschland – Bestandsaufnahme und Ausblick
Authors: Kuehne Anna , Gillesberg Raiser Sofie , Dörre Achim , Mertens Elke , Charles Tanja , Siffczyk Claudia , Aktuna Gamze , Zunk Juliette , Alpers Katharina 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Für die Überwachung von Infektionskrankheiten, Eindämmung von Ausbrüchen und angewandte Forschung in der Infektionsepidemiologie ist eine spezielle Expertise erforderlich. Die Postgraduiertenausbildung für angewandte Epidemiologie (PAE) bildet als das deutsches Feldepidemiologie-Trainingsprogramm (FETP) seit 1996 hierfür Fachleute aus. Durch die Ausweitung der Ausbildung von der Bundesebene auf die Landesebene und kommunale Ebene und durch die Entwicklung kürzerer und skalierbarer Ausbildungsformate wird das öffentliche Gesundheitssystem weiter gestärkt.