bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptide mimics of the Bowman–Birk inhibitor reactive site loop
Authors: McBride Jeffrey D. , Watson Emma M. , Brauer Arnd B. E. , Jaulent Agnès M. , Leatherbarrow Robin J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBowman–Birk Inhibitors (BBIs) are small highly cross‐linked proteins that typically display an almost symmetrical “double‐headed” structure. Each “head” contains an independent proteinase binding domain. The realization that one BBI molecule could form a 1:1:1 complex with two enzymes led early workers to dissect this activity. Now, after three decades of research, it has been possible to isolate the antiproteinase activity as small (∼11 residues), cyclic, synthetic peptides, which display most of the functional aspects of the protein. More recently, it has been found that these peptide fragments are not just a synthetic curiosity—a natural 14‐residue cyclic peptide (SFTI‐1), which too encapsulates the BBI inhibitory motif, is found to occur in sunflowers. This article reviews the properties of BBI‐based peptides (including SFTI‐1) and discusses the features that are important for inhibitory activity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 79–92, 2002
Fabrication and use of a transient contractional flow device to quantify the sensitivity of mammalian and insect cells to hydrodynamic forces
Authors: Ma Ningning , Koelling Kurt W. , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA microfluidic device was fabricated via photolithographic techniques which can create transient elongational and shear forces ranging over three orders of magnitude while still maintaining laminar flow conditions. The contractional fluid flow inside the microfluidic device was simulated with FLUENT (a computational fluid dynamics computer program) and the local deformation forces were characterized with the scalar quantity, local energy dissipation rate. The sensitivities of four cell lines (CHO, HB‐24, Sf‐9, and MCF7) were tested in the device. The results indicate that all four cell lines are able to withstand relatively intense energy dissipation rates (up to 104–105 kW/m3), which is orders of magnitude higher than the maximum local energy dissipation rates generated by impellers in bioreactors, but comparable to that associated with small bursting bubbles. While the concept that suspended animal cells are relatively robust with respect to purely hydrodynamic forces in bioprocess equipment is well known, these results quantitatively demonstrate these observations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 428–437, 2002.
High‐performance affinity chromatography with immobilization of protein A and L‐histidine on molded monolith
Authors: Luo Quanzhou , Zou Hanfa , Zhang Qiang , Xiao Xiangzhu , Ni Jianyi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReactive monoliths of macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) have been prepared by “in‐situ” copolymerization of the monomers in the presence of porogenic diluents. Protein A and L‐histidine were immobilized on the monoliths directly or through a spacer arm, respectively. The properties of these two kinds of affinity columns were characterized, and the results showed that the columns with coupling of ligands by a spacer arm have some extent of non‐specific adsorption for bovine serum albumin. The affinity column based on the monolithic polymer support provided us with good hydrodynamic characteristic, low flow resistance, and easy preparation. These two affinity columns were used for the purification of immunoglobulin G from human serum. The purity of the purified IgG was detected by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). The stability of the protein A affinity column was investigated, and its performance remained invariable after half a year. The effects of the nature and the pH of the buffer system on the adsorption capacity of human IgG on histidyl affinity column were also investigated. The protein A affinity column is favorable for rapid analysis of human IgG samples. In contrast, the advantages of mild elution conditions, high stability, as well as low cost provide the histidyl column further potential possibility for fast removal of IgG from human plasma in clinical applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 481–489, 2002.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous/subcutaneous Enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Shakil , Sundberg Steve , Sabri M. Nagui , Cooke David , Lakier Jeffrey B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPlasma anti‐Xa activity after Enoxaparin administration in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been well established. Patients presenting with non–ST‐elevation ACS received an initial dose (0.75 mg/kg) of Enoxaparin intravenously (IV), with subsequent doses (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously (SC) beginning 8 hr following the IV dose. Patients who underwent PCI within 4 hr of the IV dose or 8 hr of the SC dose did not receive additional Enoxaparin. All others received 0.3–0.4 mg/kg additional IV Enoxaparin at the time of PCI. All patients undergoing PCI received a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor and clopidogrel. Mean plasma anti‐Xa activity (units/ml) 10 min and 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr after IV dose was 2.29 ± 0.39, 0.99 ± 0.29, 0.58 ± 0.14, 0.36 ± 0.13, 0.24 ± 0.11, respectively. Mean Plasma anti‐Xa activity 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hr after SC dose was 1.01 ± 0.22, 1.13 ± 0.27, 1.1 ± 0.41, 0.84 ± 0.19, 0.62 ± 0.24, and 0.46 ± 0.21, respectively. Mean plasma anti‐Xa activity at the start and end of PCI was 1.27 ± 0.41 and 1.07 ± 0.42, respectively. In conclusion, adequate anticoagulation with Enoxaparin may be achieved within 10 min after an IV dose of 0.75 mg/kg. High‐risk ACS patients requiring urgent PCI may benefit from this approach. PCI may be performed without additional anticoagulation within 4 hr of IV or 8 hr of SC Enoxaparin. PCI 4–8 hr after IV dose or 8–12 hr after SC dose will require additional IV Enoxaparin 0.3–0.4 mg/kg to ensure therapeutic anti‐Xa activity. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:187–190. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen‐eluting, phosphorylcholine‐coated stent implantation is associated with reduced neointimal formation but no delay in vascular repair in a porcine coronary model
Authors: New Gishel , Moses Jeffrey W. , Roubin Gary S. , Leon Martin B. , Colombo Antonio , Iyer Sriram S. , Tio Fermin O. , Mehran Roxana , Kipshidze Nicholas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEstrogen can inhibit intimal proliferation and accelerate endothelial regeneration after angioplasty. This suggests that estrogen may prevent in‐stent restenosis. Unlike other therapies to prevent restenosis, estrogen may also not delay endothelial regrowth, thereby avoiding the risk of late stent thrombosis. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of a 17β‐estradiol–eluting stent on neointimal formation in a porcine model. Each artery of six pigs was randomized to either a control, low‐dose, or high‐dose 17β‐estradiol–eluting stent. All animals were sacrificed at 30 days for histopathological analysis. There was a 40% reduction in intimal area in the high‐dose stents compared with control stents (2.54 ± 1.0 vs. 4.13 ± 1.1 mm2, for high dose vs. control, respectively; P < 0.05). There was complete endothelial regeneration at 30 days and similar inflammatory response to stenting on histopathology in all the stent groups. This is the first study to show that 17β‐estradiol–eluting stents are associated with reduced neointimal formation without affecting endothelial regeneration in the pig model of in‐stent restenosis. Estrogen‐coated stents may have a potential benefit in the prevention and treatment of in‐stent restenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:266–271. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a novel photoresponsive axially chiral phosphine ligand containing an arylazo group and its application to palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation
Authors: Kawamura Masato , Kiyotake Ryosuke , Kudo Kazuaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNovel photoresponsive axially chiral monophosphine ligands containing azobenzene moiety were prepared and applied to a palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation. The reaction of rac‐1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenyl acetate gave the alkylated products with up to 90% enantiomeric excess. The ligand exhibited a trans to cis photoisomerization upon irradiation with UV light. Chirality 14:724–726, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel horizontal‐bore superconducting solenoid design for quasioptical high‐field electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Gullá Andrea F. , Feenan Peter , Burgess Steven , Budil David E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA horizontal‐bore magnet and cryostat design is described that is specifically adapted to high‐frequency quasioptical electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The magnet is an 8‐T superconducting solenoid with an auxiliary superconducting sweep coil driven by permanently mounted current leads. The performance of the sweep magnet in this configuration is demonstrated using a lithium phthalocyanine single crystal standard, which gives peak to peak first derivative linewidths down to 19 μT. The specific advantages of the horizontal‐bore swept‐field design for quasioptical EPR include improved accessibility, sensitivity, and economy of operation compared with vertical‐bore magnets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 201–207, 2002
Intake of dietary folate vitamers and risk of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Konings Erik J. M. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Brants Henny A. M. , Saris Wim H. M. , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral studies have reported inverse associations between folate intake and colorectal carcinoma risk. Few were prospective studies and none evaluated the association between the intake of individual folate vitamers and colorectal carcinoma risk.METHODSThe aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between dietary folate intake and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in a large prospective cohort study in The Netherlands comprising 120,852 men and women aged 55–69 years. After 7.3 years of follow‐up, 760 colon and 411 rectal carcinoma cases were available for analysis. Data processing and analysis used the case–cohort approach. A new Dutch database was used to estimate intakes of total and individual folate vitamers.RESULTSAnalyses adjusted for age, energy intake, family history of colorectal carcinoma, alcohol, vitamin C, iron, and dietary fiber intake yielded an inverse association between colon carcinoma risk and total dietary folate intake (rate ratio [RR]highest vs. lowest quintile, men: 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–1.17, P trend = 0.03; women: 0.68; 95% CI, 0.39–1.20, P trend = 0.18). An inverse association between rectal carcinoma and total dietary folate intake was found only among men (RR highest vs. lowest quintile, men: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.35–1.21, P trend = 0.03). Analyses showed no clear difference in colorectal carcinoma risk associated with intake of different folate vitamers.CONCLUSIONSDietary folate intake was related inversely to colon and male rectal carcinoma risk. Cancer 2002;95:1421–33. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10866
Retinoic acid signaling at sites of plasticity in the mature central nervous system
Authors: Thompson Haskell Gloria , Maynard Thomas Michael , Shatzmiller Ron Andrew , Lamantia Anthony‐Samuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe used transgenic reporter mice to determine whether brain regions that respond to retinoic acid (RA) during development do so in maturity. We focused on two prominent sites of embryonic RA signaling: the dorsal spinal cord and the olfactory bulb. In the mature dorsal spinal cord, expression of a direct repeat 5 RA response element (DR5‐RARE) transgene is seen in interneurons in laminae I and II, as well as in ependymal cells around the central canal. In the olfactory bulb, DR5‐RARE transgene‐expressing neurons are seen in the mature granule cell and periglomerular layers, as well as in cells in the subventricular zone of the forebrain—the established source for newly generated granule and periglomerular neurons. In addition, there are transgene‐labeled neurons in a small number of other brain regions. These include the spinal trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, habenula, amygdala, and the cerebral cortex. Thus, a distinct type of RA‐mediated gene expression, detected with the DR5‐RARE reporter transgene, defines neurons, subependymal, or ependymal cells in discrete locations throughout the neuraxis. Some of these cells—particularly those in the spinal cord and olfactory bulb—are found in central nervous system regions that receive local RA signals early in development, and retain a significant amount of functional or structural plasticity in the adult. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:228–241, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How Müller glial cells in macaque fovea coat and isolate the synaptic terminals of cone photoreceptors
Authors: Burris Christine , Klug Karl , Ngo Ivy Tran , Sterling Peter , Schein Stan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA cone synaptic terminal in macaque fovea releases quanta of glutamate from ∼20 active zones at a high rate in the dark. The transmitter reaches ∼500 receptor clusters on bipolar and horizontal cell processes by diffusion laterally along the terminal's 50 μm2 secretory face and ∼2 μm inward. To understand what shapes transmitter flow, we investigated from electron photomicrographs of serial sections the relationship between Müller glial processes and cone terminals. We find that each Müller cell has one substantial trunk that ascends in the outer plexiform layer below the space between the “footprints” of the terminals. We find exactly equal numbers of Müller cell trunks and foveal cone terminals, which may make the fovea particularly vulnerable to Müller cell dysfunction. The processes that emerge from the single trunk do not ensheathe a single terminal. Instead, each Müller cell partially coats two to three terminals; in turn, each terminal is completely coated by two to three Müller cells. Therefore, the Müller cells that coat one terminal also partially coat the surrounding (∼ six) terminals, creating a common environment for the cones supplying the center/surround receptive field of foveal midget bipolar and ganglion cells. Upon reaching the terminals, the trunk divides into processes that coat the terminals' sides but not their secretory faces. This glial framework minimizes glutamate transporter (EAAT1) beneath a terminal's secretory face but maximizes EAAT1 between adjacent terminals, thus permitting glutamate to diffuse locally along the secretory face and inward toward inner receptor clusters but reducing its effective spillover to neighboring terminals. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:100–111, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic relationships between hair follicle afferents and neurones expressing GABA and glycine‐like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of the rat
Authors: Watson Alan H. D. , Hughes David I. , Bazzaz Ayoub A. 
Published: October 2002

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine have been implicated in the inhibition of sensory pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The object of this study is to investigate the interactions between neurones immunoreactive for GABA and/or glycine and hair follicle afferent terminals labelled by intracellular injection with neurobiotin. GABA and glycine‐like immunoreactivity in axons and dendrites in synaptic contact with the afferent terminals was demonstrated by using a postembedding immunogold method, and serial section reconstruction was used to show the distribution and nature of these interactions in lamina III of the dorsal horn. Most afferent boutons (94%) were postsynaptic at axo‐axonic synapses: 67% of presynaptic boutons presynaptic to the afferent terminals were immunoreactive for GABA and glycine, 24% for GABA alone, and 7% for glycine alone. Only a small percentage of dendrites postsynaptic to afferent boutons appeared to belong to inhibitory interneurones: 3% were immunoreactive for GABA and glycine, 10% for glycine alone, but 87% were immunoreactive for neither antibody. Many afferent boutons were the central terminals of what appeared to be type IIb glomeruli and were involved triadic synaptic arrangements at which boutons presynaptic to an afferent terminal also made axodendritic contacts with dendrites postsynaptic to the afferent. Many of the presynaptic boutons involved in the triads were immunoreactive for GABA and glycine. Because afferent terminals do not themselves express glycine receptors (Mitchell et al. [1993] J. Neurosci. 13:2371–2381), glycine may therefore act on dendrites postsynaptic to hair follicle afferent terminals at these triads. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:367–380, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The generation, propagation, and extinction of multiphases in the KdV zero‐dispersion limit
Authors: Grava Tamara , Tian Fei‐Ran 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe study the multiphases in the KdV zero‐dispersion limit. These phases are governed by the Whitham equations, which are 2g + 1 quasi‐linear hyperbolic equations where g is the number of phases. We are interested in both the interaction of two single phases and the breaking of a single phase for general initial data. We analyze in detail how a double phase is generated from the interaction or breaking, how it propagates in space‐time, and how it collapses to a single phase in a finite time.The Whitham equations are known to be integrable via a hodograph transform. The crucial step in our approach is to formulate the hodograph transform in terms of the Euler‐Poisson‐Darboux solutions. Under our scheme, the zeros of the Jacobian of the transform are given by the zeros of the Euler‐Poisson‐Darboux solution. Hence, the problem of inverting the hodograph transform to give the Whitham solution reduces to that of counting the zeros of the Euler‐Poisson‐Darboux solution. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of Escherichia coli B with enhanced permeability to fluorochromes for flow cytometric assays of bacterial cell function
Authors: Herrera Guadalupe , Martinez Alicia , Blanco Manuel , O'Connor José‐Enrique 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry has become a choice methodology for microbiological research. However, functional cytometric assays in live bacteria are still limited. This is due, in part, to the cell wall impairing penetration of vital dyes in bacteria, thus imposing permeabilization procedures. These manipulations may affect cell physiology, provoke cell aggregation or lysis, and they are time‐consuming. Escherichia coli B strains have been used for mutagenic assays because of an altered lipopolysaccharide that provokes increased membrane permeability. We assessed the use of these strains as possible alternatives for flow cytometric assays to avoid the permeabilization steps.MethodsSuspensions of E. coli K‐12 (strain AB1157) and E. coli B (strain WP2 uvrA/pKM101, denoted as strain IC188) were stained with several fluorochromes, including fluorescein isothiocyanate, propidium iodide, Nile Red, bis‐(1,3‐dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, hydroethidine, and dihydro‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate, under basal conditions and following permeabilization, impairment of membrane potential, inhibition of dye efflux pump, and oxidative stress. Fluorescent staining of both strains was compared by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.ResultsThe E. coli B strain IC188 exhibited more efficient staining with vital fluorochromes than the E. coli K‐12 strain AB1157 and maintained a similar membrane potential. In addition, IC188 showed higher sensitivity than AB1157 to reveal oxidative stress when challenged with prooxidants.ConclusionsE. coli B strains may be useful for biochemical and toxicological studies based on flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Cytometry 49:62–69, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with fibrillary matrix
Authors: Dargent Jean‐Louis , Meiers Isabelle , Lespagnard Laurence , Ma Yan , Dehou Marie‐Françoise , Verhest Alain 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with fibrillary matrix is an extremely rare variant of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) whose pathological features are poorly known. Here, we report on our experience with such a condition arising in a 71‐yr‐old woman. Our findings not only demonstrate that DLBCL with fibrillary matrix actually represents a peculiar subtype of DLBCL, but they also illustrate that the cytologic and flow cytometric features in this disorder can be deceptive enough as to mislead even the most experienced cytopathologist. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:223–226. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cholinergic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease: are there new targets for drug development?
Authors: Fodero Lisa R. , Small David H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment and behavioral changes. Cholinesterase inhibitors are currently the drugs of choice for the treatment of AD. However, alternatives to cholinesterase inhibitors such as muscarinic and nicotinic agonists are also being investigated for more effective treatment of AD. This review examines the role of cholinesterase inhibitors and the potential of other therapeutic agents which target nicotinic and muscarinic receptors for the treatment of AD. Drug Dev. Res. 56:369–379, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotective properties of topiramate in organotypic hippocampal cultures: implications for treatment of vascular and other dementias
Authors: Baskys Andrius , Segal Joshua , Fang Liwei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMood stabilizers are often used in the treatment of psychosis and agitation associated with dementia. It has been shown that the antiepileptic drug topiramate (TPM) reduced brain tissue damage in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion, suggesting that it may have a neuroprotective effect. We tested this possibility using confocal microscopy to measure cell death in organotypic hippocampal tissue cultures from 5–7‐day‐old Fischer 344 rats. To induce death, cultures were treated with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA, 50µM, 30min), kainate (KA, 1–100µm, 60min), or transferred to a fresh culture medium. Cell death was measured as propidium iodide fluorescence 24 and 48h after the insult and normalized to the maximal number of dead cells in the culture; maximal killing was achieved by exposing cultures to 4°C ambient temperature for 48h. Treatment of cultures with TPM at low concentrations (0.01–1µm) for 48 but not for 24h prior to the insult significantly increased survival. Concentrations above 1µm were ineffective. TPM (0.1µm) protected against kainate toxicity in the CA1 area, but not the CA3–4 area. TPM did not reduce cell death in the culture medium exchange model. TPM was ineffective in cultures treated with Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin. Pretreatment with both 0.1µm TPM and 1µm Ca2+/diacylglycerol‐dependent PKC inhibitor Gö6976 blocked the protective effect of topiramate against NMDA. These data suggest that protective action of TPM against NMDA toxicity may involve PKC activation and Na+ channel blockade and that at low doses TPM may be a clinically useful neuroprotective agent. Drug Dev. Res. 56:393–400, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of antiinflammatory therapy for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Aisen Paul S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInflammatory mechanisms are active in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Studies that range from epidemiological surveys to therapeutic trials in transgenic mice provide growing support for the theory that antiinflammatory drugs may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of the disease. Randomized controlled trials in humans have not yet confirmed this theory. However, prevention and treatment trials continue to test specific antiinflammatory strategies for AD. Drug Dev. Res. 56:421–427, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.