bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizosphere: Role of bacteria to manage plant diseases and sustainable agriculture—A review
Authors: Benaissa Asmaa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeneral plant diseases as well as soil‐borne pathogens severely reduce agricultural yield. The rhizosphere (the region of the soil that includes and surrounds the roots) is an important niche for microbial diversity in particular phytobeneficial bacteria including plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which have been used for a very long time to combat plant diseases. Pathogen control and crop productivity can both be improved through the use of PGPR several mechanisms, including iron‐based nutrition, antibiotics, volatile substances, enzymes, biofilm, allelochemicals, and so on. Their modes of action and molecular mechanisms have improved our comprehension of how they are used to control crop disease. Therefore, there is a lot of literal information available regarding PGPR, but this review stands out since it starts with the fundamentals: the concept of the rhizosphere and the colonization process of the latter, particularly because it covers the most mechanisms. A broad figure is used to present the study's findings. The advantages of using PGPR as bioinoculants in sustainable agriculture are also mentioned.
Mean S1 inlet and outlet view angles are not safe for all individuals according to three‐dimensional tomographic measurements
Authors: Tanoğlu Oğuzhan , Gökgöz Mehmet Burak , Subaşı İzzet Özay , Arıcan Gökhun , Koçkara Nizamettin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough there are many studies evaluating optimal inlet and outlet angles required for the correct placement of S1 iliosacral screws, there is no study evaluating reliability and feasibility of these angles for all individuals on three‐dimensional (3D) anatomical models. A total of 100 women and 100 men were selected randomly. A vertical line was created according to long axis of the tomography device on which patient was lying in supine position. The automatized best‐fit planes were created on superior and inferior endplates, anterior cortex including notch region and posterior cortex of first sacral vertebrae using 3D imaging software to measure mean inlet and outlet angles. We observed no statistically significant difference between gender groups in terms of inlet and outlet angles. Mean inlet view is obtained for anterior cortex of S1 in 22.5 ± 9.5° and for posterior cortex in 46.5 ± 9.3°. Mean fluoroscopic view angle of S1 for superior outlet is 40.3 ± 7.6 and for inferior outlet is 46.9 ± 8.8. Mean anterior and posterior S1 inlet view angles do not accurately visualize anterior cortex of 74 (37%) and posterior cortex of 66 (33%) individuals. Mean superior and inferior S1 outlet view angles do not accurately visualize superior endplate of 74 (37%) and inferior endplate of 56 (28%) individuals. Due to individual alterations of spatial position of sacrum, mean inlet and outlet view angles of S1 are not sufficient to visualize the iliosacral screws under fluoroscopy in many individuals.
Multi‐investigator collaboration in orthopedic surgery research compared to other medical fields: Update comparing 2021−2009
Authors: Kuhn Andrew W. , Rund Joseph M. , Wolf Brian R. , Brophy Robert H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of multicenter studies in the orthopedic literature compared to general medicine and other surgical subspecialty studies as an update to a previous study. The number of multicenter research studies across three orthopedic surgery journals was higher in 2021 compared to 2009 (7.2% [95% CI: 5.1%−9.4%, χ2 [df = 1 = 43.8]], p < 0.0001), as was the number of authors and institutions listed on clinical research studies. While these trends in multicenter research publishing are encouraging, orthopedic surgery still lags behind the general medicine and other surgical subspecialty literature bases. Of the 934 orthopedic surgery studies published, 92 (9.9%) were multicenter studies compared to 64.4% of the general medicine and 26.9% of the other surgical subspecialty studies (χ2 [df = 2] = 472.6, p < 0.001). Multicenter trials conducted in orthopedics have fundamentally changed musculoskeletal care, affecting the lives of millions of patients. Participation in multicenter research should be encouraged and prioritized through continued advocacy, funding, support, and direction from orthopedic governing bodies, journals, and subspecialty groups.
Shelf acetabuloplasty may inhibit range of motion: A computer simulation analysis
Authors: Miyajima Shunsuke , Kobayashi Naomi , Yukizawa Yohei , Kamono Emi , Choe Hyonmin , Ike Hiroyuki , Kumagai Ken , Inaba Yutaka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShelf acetabuloplasty has been performed in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH); however, the appropriate position of the shelf has not been determined, particularly with respect to avoiding range of motion (ROM) loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of ROM inhibition and the influence of 3D position of the shelf following actual shelf acetabuloplasty and virtual surgery using computer simulation analysis. Computed tomography data from 15 patients with DDH who underwent shelf acetabuloplasty were collected between August 2019 and February 2022. The three‐dimensional models of a hip joint were constructed using Zed Hip®. Maximal internal rotation (MIR) at 45° and 90° flexion was measured in each patient. The frequency and position of ROM inhibition was determined in a real postoperative model virtually. In addition, a second analysis using virtual acetabuloplasty was performed. Upon placing the shelf, three patterns were provided for the following four parameters: height, coronal inclination, center‐edge angle (CEA), and anteroposterior position. The predictors for ROM inhibition were analyzed using a logistic regression model. In the actual postoperative model, a limitation of MIR at 90° and 45° of flexion occurred in 60% and 66.7% of patients, respectively. A higher CEA and anterior position are major factors limiting MIR. The analysis of the virtual shelf acetabuloplasty model revealed that anterior position and CEA were significant factors causing ROM inhibition. As for clinical significance, the results of the current study indicated the optimal location of the shelf to avoid iatrogenic impingement after shelf acetabuloplasty.
How much of the superolateral femoral neck should be removed in intramedullary nail fixation for intertrochanteric fracture?
Authors: Li Zong‐Long , Li Yi‐Wei , Qi Yi‐Ming , Zhang Ying‐Qi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to measure how much of the superolateral femoral neck should be removed to reduce the incidence of wedge effect. Simulating surgery: Computed Tomography images of 131 intertrochanteric fracture patients were included, three‐dimensionally reconstructed, virtually reduced and implanted with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation blade‐Ⅱ(PFNA‐Ⅱ) nail. The antero‐posterior length and media‐lateral width of the intersection between superolateral femoral neck and PFNA‐Ⅱ nail were measured. Retrospective study: The pre‐ and postoperative CT of 30 patients were collected. The average varus angle of the neck‐shaft angle and the correlation between the angles and the difference in the actual and estimated width of the fragments removed were measured. Models of 108 patient were selected for analysis. The average antero‐posterior length and media‐lateral width were 14.46 mm (14.00–14.93 mm) and 9.33 mm (8.79–9.87 mm), respectively. The AO/OTA classification was not significantly associated with the outcome, but the gender was. In the retrospective study, the mean value of the varus angles was −4.58° (SE = 6.85°), and the difference of width was strongly positively correlated with the varus angle with a correlation coefficient of 0.698. Results obtained in this study can improve the understanding of this region and help surgeons to make appropriate preoperative planning to reduce the incidence of wedge effect. Retrospective study provided effective proof of the reliability of this study.
The rate of disuse osteopenia in admitted, non‐weight‐bearing patients
Authors: Walley Kempland C. , Farrar Nicholas R. , Muralidharan Aditya , Monovoukas Demetri A. , Eichman Jack , Klueh Michael P. , Baumann Anthony N. , Perdue Aaron M. , Hake Mark E. , Ahn Jaimo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDisuse osteopenia is a well‐recognized consequence of prolonged physical inactivity, but its rate after orthopaedic injuries necessitating non‐weight‐bearing is not well studied. The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate of disuse osteopenia at the lumbar spine and proximal femur in patients with lower extremity trauma admitted to the hospital. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with lower extremity trauma with a period of strict non‐weight‐bearing between completion of two computed tomography (CT) scans. The radiodensity of the proximal femur or lumbar vertebrae was measured from the earliest and latest available CT scans within the non‐weight‐bearing timeframe. The change in estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) was calculated as a proxy for disuse osteopenia. A total of 189,111 patients were screened, with 17 patients in the proximal femur group and 15 patients in the lumbar spine group meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The average rate of change in eBMD of the proximal femur was a decrease of 7.54 HU/day, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.65, 11.43]. The average rate of change in eBMD of the lumbar spine was an increase of 1.45 HU/day, 95% CI [−3.15, 6.06]. In admitted, non‐weight‐bearing orthopaedic trauma patients, our novel study suggests that the proximal femur experiences disuse osteopenia during periods of non‐weight‐bearing, although this finding was not observed at the lumbar spine. The clinical significance of this data underscores the important consideration of disuse osteopenia by all physicians when caring for patients that may require non‐weight‐bearing restrictions.
Clinical characteristics of monkeypox vaccine injection site reactions: A cohort of seven patients
Authors: Gaspari Anthony A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonkeypox (Mpox) infections are considered a public health emergency, prompting the need for the administration of a preventative vaccine to high‐risk individuals.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical course of dermatologic reactions to Mpox vaccine over time.MethodsSeven recipients of the Mpox vaccine, administered via intradermal injection, were observed over time, and the dermatologic reactions to this vaccine were recorded.ResultsAll seven recipients experienced mild to moderate localized reactions to Mpox vaccine to either the primary or booster injections. These reactions were characterized by erythema, induration and pruritus. These reactions eventually healed without any sustained reactions, eschar or scarring. None of the recipients experienced systemic reactions or widespread cutaneous eruptions.ConclusionsIntradermal injections of Mpox vaccine result in mild to moderate injection site reactions, most likely representing a vigorous cell‐mediated immune response. In all cases, the injection sites healed without complications.
Non‐Volatile Hybrid Optical Phase Shifter Driven by a Ferroelectric Transistor
Authors: Tang Rui , Watanabe Kouhei , Fujita Masahiro , Tang Hanzhi , Akazawa Tomohiro , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Takagi Shinichi , Takenaka Mitsuru 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptical phase shifters are essential elements in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and function as a direct interface to program the PICs. Non‐volatile phase shifters, which can retain information without a power supply, are highly desirable for low‐power static operations. Here a non‐volatile optical phase shifter is demonstrated by driving a III‐V/Si hybrid metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) phase shifter with a ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) operating in the source follower mode. Owing to the various polarization states in the FeFET, multistate non‐volatile phase shifts up to 1.25π are obtained with CMOS‐compatible operation voltages and low switching energy up to 3.3 nJ. Furthermore, a crossbar array architecture is proposed to simplify the control of non‐volatile phase shifters in large‐scale PICs and verify its feasibility by confirming the selective write‐in operation of a targeted FeFET with a negligible disturbance to the others. This work paves the way for realizing large‐scale non‐volatile programmable PICs for emerging computing applications such as deep learning and quantum computing.
Comparison and evaluation of different deep learning models of synthetic CT generation from CBCT for nasopharynx cancer adaptive proton therapy
Authors: Pang Bo , Si Hang , Liu Muyu , Fu Wensheng , Zeng Yiling , Liu Hongyuan , Cao Ting , Chang Yu , Quan Hong , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning is used for patient setup in image‐guided radiotherapy. However, its inaccurate CT numbers limit its applicability in dose calculation and treatment planning.PurposeThis study compares four deep learning methods for generating synthetic CT (sCT) to determine which method is more appropriate and offers potential for further clinical exploration in adaptive proton therapy for nasopharynx cancer.MethodsCBCTs and deformed planning CT (dCT) from 75 patients (60/5/10 for training, validation and testing) were used to compare cycle‐consistent Generative Adversarial Network (cycleGAN), Unet, Unet+cycleGAN and conditionalGenerative Adversarial Network (cGAN) for sCT generation. The sCT images generated by each method were evaluated against dCT images using mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity (SSIM), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), spatial non‐uniformity (SNU) and radial averaging in the frequency domain. In addition, dosimetric accuracy was assessed through gamma analysis, differences in water equivalent thickness (WET), and dose‐volume histogram metrics.ResultsThe cGAN model has demonstrated optimal performance in the four models across various indicators. In terms of image quality under global condition, the average MAE has been reduced to 16.39HU, SSIM has increased to 95.24%, and PSNR has increased to 28.98. Regarding dosimetric accuracy, the gamma passing rate (2%/2 mm) has reached 99.02%, and the WET difference is only 1.28 mm. The D95 value of CTVs coverage and Dmax value of spinal cord, brainstem show no significant differences between dCT and sCT generated by cGAN model.ConclusionsThe cGAN model has been shown to be a more suitable approach for generating sCT using CBCT, considering its characteristics and concepts. The resulting sCT has the potential for application in adaptive proton therapy.
Short-term fishery gains mask long-term resource pains: Spatial fisheries management changes promote hyperstable CPUE in Labrador snow crab Chionoecetes opilio during a period of heavy exploitation
Authors: Griffeth Steven P. , Baker Krista D. , Mullowney Darrell R. J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The snow crab Chionoecetes opilio resource in Assessment Division 2HJ has experienced prolonged high exploitation rates and reduced exploitable biomass over the past two decades. We aimed to explore whether this poor state of the resource is associated with spatial management changes made in 2003 and 2013.

Methods
We tested for differences in fishery performance trends before and after the implementation of spatial management which include standardized CPUE, spatial extent of fishing effort, and size at maturity of male snow crabs.

Result
The results show that spatial regulatory changes were successful in increasing fishery catch rates in the short term but that chronic high exploitation eventually overrode these gains, with contracted fishing patterns leading to increased localized depletion rates on dominant stock components. This ultimately culminated in a downward shift in size at maturity and other concerning biological outcomes.

Conclusion
The analysis demonstrates spatial management measures contributed to the present poor state of Assessment Division 2HJ snow crab and that such measures should serve as complements to—not replacements for—stringent quota control.
Validating morphometrics as a nonlethal tool to determine Arctic Grayling sex
Authors: Samuel William T. , Yancy Lauren E. , Hinkle Elizabeth G. , Falke Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Some graylings Thymallus spp. possess an elongated dorsal fin and other morphological traits that can be sexually dimorphic, as demonstrated in the European Grayling T. thymallus. North American Arctic Grayling T. arcticus are assumed to follow these trends, but decisive evidence is lacking. This study aimed to determine whether sexually dimorphic characteristics, including posterior dorsal height, can be used to accurately predict the sex of Arctic Grayling in Interior Alaska.

Methods
We used computer imaging software to measure 22 morphometrics on 97 Arctic Grayling of known sex from streams in Interior Alaska, and we developed a set of binomial models to evaluate the validity of morphometrics as predictors of Arctic Grayling sex.

Result
Posterior dorsal height was a reasonably accurate predictor of sex (~90% accurate at fork lengths ≥300 mm), although models containing additional morphometrics were more accurate (100% accuracy at fork lengths ≥250 mm).

Conclusion
This study presents an affordable, noninvasive, and replicable method for nonlethal determination of Arctic Grayling sex by using digital images from the field, with potential application to other salmonids.
Framework for a chemo‐mechanical model of the breathing effect in lithium–silicon batteries
Authors: Dittmann Jan , Stern Jan‐Ole , Beiranvand Hamzeh , Wulfinghoff Stephan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present a chemo‐mechanical finite element method model for the breathing effect of the silicon anode during lithiation and delithiation. The model is based on the framework for gradient extended standard dissipative solids. It couples diffusion of lithium ions, phase transformation with a moving phase boundary, and the related volume changes, which lead to mechanical stresses in the material. The driving force for diffusion is given by the gradient of the electrochemical potential. Phase transformation and phase boundary movement are described by the Allen–Cahn equation in combination with a constrained double obstacle potential. To shift the constraint from the nodes to the Gauss points, the model makes use of the micromorphic approach.
It from bit: AI and the laws of nature
Authors: Brändas Erkki J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present rate of growth of powerful AI systems motivates an accurate comparison between the notion of computers and the workings of natural sciences. Statements such as “intelligence doesn't require flesh, blood or carbon atoms” or “it's computation all the way down” incite a substrate‐independent view, providing shortcuts for Darwinian evolution and the possible appearance of sentient machines. This view is discussed and contrasted from a quantum chemical perspective. The qualitative difference between the developed AI and the evolved HI is recognized and the importance of a material constituent, formulated in terms of energy‐temperature, conjugate to an immaterial ingredient, in the context of time‐entropy, is pointed out as a necessary feature. The popular dictum “it from bit” does not appear valid unless amended with its obverse “bit from it.”
Oncological and functional outcome of robotic‐assisted radical cystectomy with total intracorporeal stentless J‐pouch neobladder reconstruction
Authors: Chen Hao Xiang , Huang Chi‐Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRobotic‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with neobladder reconstruction has gained popularity in recent years.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 17 consecutive patients who underwent RARC with totally intracorporeal J‐pouch neobladder reconstruction without ureteral stent by a single experienced surgeon to evaluate perioperative, oncological and functional outcomes.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 32.8 months (range: 17.4–59.0 months), and the 2‐year disease‐free survival rate was 88.2%. Five out of 12 patients were totally continent, and none required more than one pad per day. The overall complication rate was 41.2%, and hydronephrosis was the most common adverse event. The renal function remained stable, and no long‐term renal function impairment was detected.ConclusionOur study suggests that RARC with totally intracorporeal J‐pouch neobladder reconstruction without ureteral stent is a safe and feasible option for the treatment of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, with good oncological and functional outcomes.
Clinicopathologic Evaluation of Granuloma Annulare: Study of 136 Iranian Cases, South of Iran
Authors: Sari Aslani Fatemeh , Pouraminaee Fatemeh , Sepaskhah Mozhdeh , Khosravani Ardakani Sheida 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign skin disorder with various histopathologic features that are rarely investigated in Iranian population. We performed this study to find out the clinical and histopathologic features of GA in our referral centre.

Methods
One hundred-thirty-six patients with biopsy-proven GA were reviewed. Clinical data and pathological features were recorded.

Results
One hundred-eight female patients and 28 male patients (Female/male ratio: 3.85) with mean age of 42.54 ± 21.2 years (range: 2–83 years) were recruited. Eighty-eight (64.7%) patients had interstitial infiltrative pattern and 48 (35.3%) patients had complete palisading granulomas. The infiltrate occupied both upper and lower dermis in most of the cases (67.7%). Significant mucin was detected more commonly in complete GA compared to interstitial GA (p = 0.019), but inflammation degree, eosinophils, plasma cells, and giant cells were not different between two subtypes of GA (p &gt; 0.05). The significant inflammation contained more significant plasma cells (p = 0.006). The significantly more giant cells were detected in patients between 20 and 60 years of age (p = 0.015); but other factors were not different between age groups.

Conclusions
In our study, the prevalence of GA in women was significantly higher than in men. Interstitial GA was the more common histological subtype and the inflammation was less severe and the infiltrate was mostly pandermal in our cases. More severe inflammation contained more plasma cells, and more dense giant cells were seen in middle aged patients.