bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Voltage Effect
Authors: List John A. 
Published: January 2024

Les entreprises, les gouvernements et les particuliers ont eu à faire face à la mise à l’échelle de leurs idées, parfois avec succès, mais trop souvent sans succès. Le passage à l’échelle est au cœur de mon livre The Voltage Effect (2022). Dans ce livre et dans cet article, je cherche à expliciter ce que j’ai appris en utilisant l’économie pour comprendre le monde. L’article commence par décrire les origines de mon travail sur la mise à l’échelle et de The Voltage Effect. La mise à l’échelle a longtemps été considérée comme un art, mais il y avait clairement un besoin de compréhension scientifique. Après les origines, on trouvera un aperçu de certains des principaux enseignements de The Voltage Effect : l’identification des idées susceptibles d’être transposées à plus grande échelle et les outils permettant de transposer ces idées à plus grande échelle .
Comment la prévention remet en cause les monopoles d’assurance : le principe de non-équivalence des obligations d’assurance et d’auto-assurance
Authors: Pannequin François , Corcos Anne 
Published: January 2024

Dans un contexte de montée inexorable de la fréquence des risques climatiques et des catastrophes naturelles, les politiques publiques n’ont d’autre choix que de tâcher d’en contenir l’ampleur. Nous étendons le modèle de monopole d’assurance de Stiglitz [1977] pour étudier l’efficacité de trois schémas de couverture : la présence d’opportunités d’auto-assurance, les obligations d’assurance ou d’auto-assurance. Nous mettons en évidence trois résultats fondamentaux. Premièrement, l’existence d’opportunités d’auto-assurance crée un contre-pouvoir au pouvoir de marché d’un monopole d’assurance. Nous montrons en effet que, par rapport à un marché monopolistique avec assurance seule, les opportunités d’auto-assurance constituent, pour l’assureur, une menace qui a pour effet de réduire son pouvoir de marché et d’augmenter le bien-être des assurés. Deuxièmement, dans ce contexte, nous constatons qu’une obligation d’assurance aura des effets délétères sur l’assuré en dégradant sa situation et en rendant son pouvoir à l’assureur. Finalement, la propriété de substituabilité entre assurance et auto-assurance nous conduit à nous interroger sur les effets d’une obligation d’auto-assurance. Il ressort de notre modèle qu’auto-assurance obligatoire et assurance obligatoire ont des effets non équivalents. En effet, bien que l’obligation d’auto-assurance réduise la taille du marché de l’assureur, elle n’a aucun impact sur le bien-être de l’assuré. Les implications de ces politiques publiques sont discutées . Classification JEL : D86, D42, G22.
Contrôle des chômeurs : sanctions et degré de preuve dans un modèle avec hétérogénéité de richesse
Authors: Ménard Sébastien , Tanguy Solenne 
Published: January 2024

Cet article s’intéresse à l’application de la législation sur le contrôle des chômeurs par les conseillers Pôle emploi. Nous développons un modèle à trois agents (législateur, contrôleur et chômeur) avec asymétries d’information : l’effort de recherche des chômeurs et le comportement du contrôleur ne sont pas parfaitement observables. Nous montrons que lorsque le législateur prévoit des sanctions plus strictes, le contrôleur étant averse à l’erreur choisit un degré de preuve plus élevé afin d’éviter de sanctionner injustement les chômeurs. Des sanctions plus sévères ont donc un effet ambigu sur les incitations fournies aux chômeurs. Cet effet est hétérogène en fonction de leur niveau de richesse. L’introduction d’un système d’avertissements avant sanction renforce la crédibilité du contrôle en révélant de l’information sur le comportement des chômeurs. Classification JEL : D82, H53, J65, J68.
Quels facteurs expliquent la faible coopération en horticulture ?
Authors: Blondel Serge , Noet Ngoc-Thao 
Published: January 2024

Cet article étudie le comportement des horticulteurs face à l’urgence de coopérer pour mener des actions collectives. Ces dernières existent, mais sont souvent le résultat d’opérations ponctuelles. Lors d’un jeu du bien public, dans une enquête rémunérée en ligne, si les acteurs se révèlent altruistes et coopératifs, un biais apparaît : ils se jugent plus coopératifs que les autres, alors qu’en réalité ils ne le sont pas. Cet effet explique que les actions collectives ne se maintiennent pas, et que la chaîne de la réciprocité se défasse. Notre étude révèle aussi un profil type d’horticulteurs qui s’engageraient dans les organismes professionnels : les mobiliser permettrait ainsi aux actions collectives d’être appliquées et de durer. Classification JEL : C93, D71, Q13.
CRL4b Inhibition Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Progression
Authors: Dar Asif A , Ortega Yohaniz , Aktas Sera , Wu Kenneth , Guha Ipsita , Porter Nadia , Rosen Siera , DeVita Robert J , Pan Zhen-qiang , Oliver Paula M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis, and its murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the CNS characterized by T cell influx and demyelination. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, therapies can alleviate symptoms but often come with side effects, necessitating the exploration of new treatments. We recently demonstrated that the Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 4b (CRL4b) aided in maintaining genome stability in proliferating T cells. In this study, we examined whether CRL4b was required for T cells to expand and drive EAE. Mice lacking Cul4b (Cullin 4b) in T cells had reduced EAE symptoms and decreased inflammation during the peak of the disease. Significantly fewer CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in the CNS, particularly among the CD4+ T cell population producing IL-17A, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α. Additionally, Cul4b-deficient CD4+ T cells cultured in vitro with their wild-type counterparts were less likely to expand and differentiate into IL-17A– or IFN-γ–producing effector cells. When wild-type CD4+ T cells were activated in vitro in the presence of the recently developed CRL4 inhibitor KH-4-43, they exhibited increased apoptosis and DNA damage. Treatment of mice with KH-4-43 following EAE induction resulted in stabilized clinical scores and significantly reduced numbers of T cells and innate immune cells in the CNS compared with control mice. Furthermore, KH-4-43 treatment resulted in elevated expression of p21 and cyclin E2 in T cells. These studies support that therapeutic inhibition of CRL4 and/or CRL4-related pathways could be used to treat autoimmune disease.
The most commonly used spices in Thai traditional medicine: in vitro evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, polyphenol content, and nitric oxide production inhibitory activities
Authors: Choockong Chadchom , Itharat Arunporn , Pipatrattanaseree Weerachai , Ninlaor Theeraphong , Piwngam Krit , Intharit Ninnart , Sukkhum Supon , Davies Neal M. 
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose:
Diabetes mellitus is a persistent hyperglycemic condition. Thai cuisine and medicine incorporate spices: nutmeg, mace, clove buds, cardamom, cinnamon, and coriander. The in vitro impacts of these spices on anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and total phenolic and flavonoid content were assessed.

Experimental approach:
Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assays were conducted. Antioxidant potential was measured through DPPH and ABTS assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by inhibiting nitric oxide generation in RAW 264.7 cells. Total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin Ciocalteu method, while total flavonoid content was estimated via the aluminum chloride colorimetric method.

Findings/Results:
Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of a blend of spices (Siam cardamom, nutmeg, mace, and clove buds), denoted as 4-GlurE and 4-GlurA, displayed concentration-dependent inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 0.373 and 0.435 mg/mL, respectively. 4-GlurE and 4-GlurA exhibited antioxidant activity, by ABTS·+ radical and DPPH scavenging capabilities. 4-GlurE demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential by reducing nitric oxide generation (IC50: 43.95 ± 2.47 μg/mL). 4-GlurE and 4-GlurA possessed total phenolic content (TPC) of 122.47 ± 1.12 and 148.72 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g, respectively. 4-GlurE exhibited a higher total flavonoid content (TFC) compared to the aqueous extract (340.33 ± 4.77 and 94.17 ± 3.36 mg QE/g). Cinnamon and clove aqueous extracts were more potent than acarbose in alpha-glucosidase inhibition with the highest antioxidant activity. Polyphenol levels (TPC and TFC) exhibited strong correlations with antioxidant capacity.

Conclusions and implications:
Findings are consistent with the traditional use of 4-Glur, with cinnamon, for diabetes prevention and treatment.
The effects of chitosan-loaded JQ1 nanoparticles on OVCAR-3 cell cycle and apoptosis-related gene expression
Authors: Masoudi Ehsan , Soleimani Mitra , Zarinfard Giti , Homayoun Mansour , Bakhtiari Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose:
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer. Bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) proteins play major roles in the regulation of gene expression at the epigenetic level. Jun Qi (JQ1) is a potent inhibitor of BET proteins. Regarding the short half-life and poor pharmacokinetic profile, JQ1 was loaded into newly developed nano-carriers. Chitosan nanoparticles are one of the best and potential polymers in cancer treatment. The present study aimed to build chitosan-JQl nanoparticles (Ch-J-NPs), treat OVCAR-3 cells with Ch-J-NPs, and evaluate the effects of these nanoparticles on cell cycle and apoptosis-associated genes.

Experimental approach:
Ch-J-NPs were synthesized and characterized. The size and morphology of Ch-J-NPs were defined by DLS and FE-SEM techniques. OVCAR-3 cells were cultured and treated with Ch-J-NPs. Then, IC50 was measured using MTT assay. The groups were defined and cells were treated with IC50 concentration of Ch-J-NPs, for 48 h. Finally, cells in different groups were assessed for the expression of genes of interest using quantitative RT-PCR.

Findings/Results:
IC50 values for Ch-J-NPs were 5.625 μg/mL. RT-PCR results demonstrated that the expression of genes associated with cell cycle activity (c-MYC, hTERT, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6) was significantly decreased following treatment of cancer cells with Ch-J-NPs. Conversely, the expression of caspase-3, and caspase-9 significantly increased. BAX (pro-apoptotic) to BCL2 (anti-apoptotic) expression ratio, also increased significantly after treatment of cells with Ch-J-NPs.

Conclusion and implications:
Ch-J-NPs showed significant anti-cell cyclic and apoptotic effects on OVCAR-3 cells.
Investigating the effect of cGRP78 vaccine against different cancer cells and its role in reducing melanoma metastasis
Authors: Zare Hamed , Bakherad Hamid , Esfahani Arman Nasr , Aghamollaei Hossein , Gargari Seyed Latif Mousavi , Aliomrani Mahdi , Ebrahimizadeh Walead 
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose:
Treatment of malignancies with chemotherapy and surgery is often associated with disease recurrence and metastasis. Immunotherapy improves cancer treatment by creating an active response against tumor antigens. Various cancer cells express a large amount of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) protein on their surface. Stimulating the immune system against this antigen can expose cancer cells to the immune system. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of a cGRP78-based vaccine against different cancer cells.

Experimental approach:
BALB/c mice were immunized with the cGRP78. The humoral immune response against different cancer cells was assessed by Cell-ELISA. The cellular immunity response was determined by splenocyte proliferation assay with different cancer antigens. The effect of vaccination on metastasis was investigated in vaccinated mice by injecting melanoma cancer cells into the tail of mice.

Findings/Results:
These results indicated that the cGRP78 has acceptable antigenicity and stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies. After three injections, the amount of produced antibody was significantly different from the control group. Compared to the other three cell types, Hela and HepG2 showed the highest reaction to the serum of vaccinated mice. Cellular immunity against the B16F10 cell line had the best results compared to other cells. The metastasis results showed that after 30 days, the growth of B16F10 melanoma cancer cells was not noticeable in the lung tissue of vaccinated mice.

Conclusion and implications:
Considering the resistance of vaccinated mice to metastasis, this vaccine offers a promising prospect for cancer treatment by inhibiting the spread of cancer cells.
Agmatine ameliorates diabetes type 2-induced nephropathy in rats
Authors: Kamel Fatemah O. , Shagroud Ohoud , Ahmad Mai A.Alim A.Sattar , Abd El-Aziz Gamal S , Burzangi Abdulhadi S. , Bakhshwin Duaa , Jamal Maha , Karim Shahid 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To assess the nephroprotective potential of agmatine in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy.

Methods:
A single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) coupled with a fructose diet induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Agmatine (40 and 80 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 12 weeks. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured weekly. Insulin level, urine output, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin-C were also determined at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were evaluated in kidney tissue. Histopathological study was also performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results:
Agmatine at both doses significantly increased final body weight, and lowered fasting blood glucose, urine output, insulin, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin-C levels compared with the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Inflammatory markers and antioxidant effect were significantly improved in agmatine-treated rats. Moreover, the histopathological changes in renal structure were ameliorated by agmatine treatment.

Conclusions:
Agmatine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by improving renal functions and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The molecular mechanisms of its nephroprotective actions need to be investigated in future study.
Comparison of Distraction Techniques using Salivary Biomarkers during Local Anaesthesia Administration in Children Aged 3–5 Years: A Clinical Study
Authors: Singh Yanina , Parameshwarappa Poornima , Mathew Mebin George , Meghana SB , Kenchappa Mallikarjuna , Nagaveni N. B. 
Published: January 2024

Aim:
In paediatric dentistry, pain is adversely influenced by a child's level of anxiety. Ironically, the most common form of pain control used in dentistry, local anaesthesia, can itself produce anxiety. One of the techniques to overcome a child's anxiety is using distraction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of distraction techniques, i.e. audio distraction (AD) and audio-visual distraction (AVD) by measuring salivary stress biomarker (salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase) levels in 3–5 year-old children.

Materials and Methods:
Forty children aged 3–5 years were divided randomly into two groups; (Group I = AD, Group II = AVD). Cotton pellets were placed in the lingual vestibule to collect a sample of saliva. Children were then asked to wear overhead phones in the AD group, connected to a phone, and rhymes were played. In AVD, a cartoon movie was shown to the children using AV glasses. Simultaneously, local anaesthesia was administrated to children, after which another saliva sample was collected. Biomarker estimation was done using ELISA. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Statistically significant results were seen with Group II compared to Group I (cortisol-P = 0.009; salivary alpha-amylase-P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Both distraction techniques are effective in reducing stress but compared to AD, AVD is more efficacious.
Perception of Smile Aesthetics between Orthodontists and Moroccan Patients
Authors: Rabe Abdoul Haizou , Tabchi Yosra , Zaoui Fatima , Faouzi Azaroual Mohamed , Bahoum Asmae 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
One of the main goals of orthodontic management is to achieve a beautiful smile. However, beauty has both objective and subjective dimensions. This study aims to evaluate the factors that affect the perception of the smile in patients consulting for orthodontic treatment about the vision of their practitioners.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty orthodontic patients and 30 orthodontists evaluated the degree of attractiveness of 16 photographs of the smile. Dental, gingival and labial parameters were used. Statistical analyses of the level of perception of each group were performed. The Student t-test and the Chi-square test were used to compare the attractive and unattractive smile parameters.

Results and Discussion:
The perception of smile aesthetics between orthodontists and orthodontic patients has shown a significant difference (P < 0.05). Orthodontists were more analytical in judging variables like smile arc, alterations of the gingival display and the palatal inclination of the maxillary incisors.
Median Mandibular Cleft in SAMS Syndrome – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha , Joseph Chris , Nishanth Sachin , Balaji Varsha Christy 
Published: January 2024

Rationale:
SAMS syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by midline facial clefting, skeletal anomalies, and other defects.

Salient Features:
Among the craniofacial manifestations of SAMS syndrome is the presence of a median mandibular cleft (MMC). MMC is a rare occurrence and in this syndrome, it poses a complex challenge for both functional and aesthetic reasons. Patient

Findings:
This rare case report describes the successful correction of an MMC in an 18-month-old child diagnosed with SAMS syndrome.

Treatment:
This report describes the presentation, diagnosis and treatment. The surgical intervention involved a meticulous, single stage, osseous reconstruction. The mechanism of MMC in SAMS syndrome is discussed.

Outcomes:
Early intervention for MMC in SAMS syndrome patients can offer promising outcomes.
Vertical and Horizontal Proportions of the Face and their Correlation to Phi in a South Indian Population
Authors: Soans Crystal R. , Mathew Karishma A. , Ravi M. Subramanya , Gauthami K. , Shersha Shalin 
Published: January 2024

Background:
With the shift in focus from the hard to soft tissue in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, the scope of orthodontic treatment has grown beyond achieving an ideal occlusion, also to achieve ideal aesthetic facial proportions. Since time immemorial, the various horizontal and vertical proportions of an ideal face is considered to follow the golden/divine ratio.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the vertical and horizontal proportions of the face and their relation of phi in males and females of Dakshina Kannada population.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out on 100 subjects, which included 50 males and 50 females, aged between 18 and 30 years. Photographs were taken under standardized condition and adjusted to a standardized image size (5″ × 4″). Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 software was used for making all the measurements. A total of 11 vertical and horizontal ratios were independently measured for males and females, and their relation to phi was assessed. The data were subjected to Shapiro–Wilk test for testing the normality. Homogeneity of variance assumption was tested by using Levene statistic homogeneity of variance. One sample t test was used for the comparison between phi and mean vertical and horizontal ratios in males and females.

Results:
In males and females of the Dakshina Kannada, a statistically significant correlation was seen between all the horizontal and vertical facial proportions and phi (p < 0.05). Between male and female groups, a significant difference was noted in the intertemporal/intercanthal ratio, interalae/nose width and Intereye-soft menton/ala-soft menton (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Golden proportion can be used as a guideline in orthodontic treatment planning. However, it should not be the decisive factor in determining the facial attractiveness.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Herbal Extracts against Root Canal Pathogens - An in Vitro Study
Authors: Raoof Maryam , Zadeh Mohammad H. , Nejad Zahra E. , Sharififar Fariba , Khodashenas Mansooreh , Fereidooni Rahim 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The antimicrobial activity exhibited by the plant extracts against various pathogens has previously been demonstrated to a limited extent. However, the antibacterial effects of most of them have not yet been clarified in endodontics.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants' methanolic extracts against some root canal microorganisms.

Methods and Materials:
In this in vitro study, after gathering the five plants (pomegranate peel, clove, Zhumeria majdae, Eucalyptus galbie and green tea), their methanolic extracts were obtained by the maceration method, and the antimicrobial activity was determined using micro- and macro-dilution methods. The microorganisms tested in this study were Enterococcus (E.) faecalis, Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis and Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum. Non-ready-to-use calcium hydroxide (CH), ready-to-use Calcipex II CH and methanol were used as control materials.

Statistical Analysis:
The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests were used to analyse and evaluate the data and variables.

Results:
In all concentrations and time intervals studied, eucalyptus extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis. All the extracts showed growth-inhibitory effects against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. There were no significant differences between the anti-enterococcus effects of eucalyptus extracts and non-ready-to-use CH (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
There was a greater efficacy of Eucalyptus galbie extract than other extracts.
Evaluation of the Marginal Fit of Full Contoured Zirconia, Lithium Disilicate and Metal Crowns Fabricated Using CAD-CAM: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Dandekeri Savitha , Feroz Fowzaan , Shetty Sanath K. , Zahid Mohammed , Prabhu Uma , Mallikarjuna Ragher 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
The marginal fit of any dental restoration is vital to its long-term success. Lack of adequate fit is potentially detrimental to both the tooth and the supporting periodontal tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal fit of monolithic zirconia, monolithic lithium disilicate and monolithic metal crowns and compare the three groups.

Methods:
The study was conducted by fabricating ten samples for each group, total of 30 samples. A premolar stainless steel die was used to standardize the preparation. PVS putty material was used to make impressions of the model and was poured using type IV die stone. The samples were all fabricated using CAD-CAM. The marginal gap was measured by SEM, and the results were analysed using SPSS software.

Results:
The mean marginal gap of zirconia, metal and lithium disilicate crowns was 79.49 μm, 46.83 μm and 70.79 μm, respectively.

Discussion:
The metal group showed the lowest marginal gap among the groups. This difference in marginal fit is due to the sintering process where the organic binders in soft metal burn out and the metallic powder particles are being sintered (caked) without creating a fused phase.

Clinical Significance:
Marginal fit plays a very important role in the long-term success of a crown. Discrepancy in marginal fit results in food and plaque accumulation causing caries and periodontal breakdown, eventuating the failure of the restoration. A perfect marginal fit would enhance the longevity of any indirect restoration. Knowledge about which indirect restoration has the best marginal fit is critical.