bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor immunoreactivity and mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 and cortical areas after chronic ischemia in rats
Authors: Lee Tsong‐Hai , Yang Jen‐Tsung , Kato Hiroyuki , Wu June Hsieh , Chen Sien‐Tsong 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe studied the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and mRNA in the ischemia‐vulnerable cerebral hippocampal CA1 and cortical areas after permanent occlusion of bilateral internal carotid arteries. Four groups of rats were studied, including 1) young normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats, 2) aged normotensive WKY rats, 3) young spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), and 4) aged SHR. Each group contained rats from sham operation and 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after cerebral ischemia (n = 3–5 at each time point). Hematoxylin and eosin staining and in situ apoptosis detection showed no neuronal damage from 1 week to 8 weeks in all the ischemic rats. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that BDNF immunoreactivity increased only at 1 week in the CA1 area of young WKY rats (P < .001) and SHR (P = .002) and decreased only at 8 weeks in the cortical area of aged WKY rats (P = .02). In situ hybridization and TaqMan real‐time RT‐PCR showed that BDNF mRNA decreased consistently from 1 week to 8 weeks in both CA1 and cortical areas in young SHR (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively) and in aged WKY rats (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively) but was not changed in young WKY rats or aged SHR (P > .05) compared with the sham‐operated rats. Our study demonstrates an expression disparity of BDNF immunoreactivity and mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 and cortical areas, especially in the young SHR and aged WKY rats after mild cerebral ischemia. Our study suggests that, under permanent occlusion of bilateral internal carotid arteries, aging and the level of blood pressure may have influence on the expression of BDNF. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental, regional, and cellular expression of SFT/UbcH5A and DMT1 mRNA in brain
Authors: Knutson Mitchell , Menzies Sharon , Connor James , Wessling‐Resnick Marianne 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBrain iron has marked developmental, regional, and cellular distribution patterns. To characterize better the potential mechanisms for iron transport into and within the brain, we have analyzed expression patterns of two factors: divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and stimulator of Fe transport (SFT). DMT1 is known to participate in brain iron uptake although functional information is lacking. Even less clear is the possible role of SFT, which is related to a member of the ubiquitin‐conjugating E2 family UbcH5A, but previous studies have found SFT/Ubc5Ha mRNA expressed abundantly in mouse brain. Like DMT1, SFT function has been implicated in transferrin and nontransferrin‐bound iron uptake. Comparative Northern analysis indicates that SFT/UbcH5A mRNA levels are threefold higher in 3‐day‐old mice than at later ages, whereas levels of DMT1 mRNA do not change. In situ analysis of neonatal mouse brain reveals prominent SFT/UbcH5A mRNA expression in epithelial and ependymal cells in the choroid plexus and neurons of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cortex. Adult mouse brain expresses SFT/UbcH5A mRNA mainly in white matter of the cerebellum and pons. Using a multiple tissue expression (MTE) array containing 20 different human brain regions, the highest levels of both SFT/UbcH5A and DMT1 mRNA are detected in the corpus callosum and cerebellum. The significantly elevated levels of SFT/UbcH5A mRNA in the neonatal mouse and its localization to choroid plexus, a major site of brain iron acquisition, suggest that this factor may contribute to the rapid rate of brain iron uptake that occurs in the early postnatal period. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symbol calculus and Fredholmness for a Banach algebra of convolution type operators with slowly oscillating and piecewise continuous data
Authors: Bastos Maria Amélia , Bravo António , Karlovich Yuri 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA symbol calculus for the smallest Banach subalgebra 𝒜[SO,PC] of the Banach algebra ℬ︁(Lnp(ℝ)) of all bounded linear operators on the Lebesgue spaces Lnp(ℝ) (1 < p < ∞, n ≥ 1) which contains all the convolution type operators Wa,b = aℱ−1bℱ with a ∈ [SO, PC]n×n and b ∈ [SOp, PCp]n×n is constructed. Here [SO, PC]n×n means the C*‐algebra generated by all slowly oscillating (SO) and all piecewise continuous (PC) n × n matrix functions, and [SOp, PCp]n×n is a Fourier multiplier analogue of [SO, PC]n×n on Lp(ℝ). As a result, a Fredholm criterion for the operators A ∈ 𝒜[SO,PC] is established. The study is based on the compactness of the commutators AWa,b − Wa,bA where A ∈ 𝒜[SO,PC], a ∈ SO, and b ∈ SOp, on the Allan‐Douglas local principle, and on the two projections theorem. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wave diffraction by a strip grating: the two‐straight line approach
Authors: Bastos M. A. , Moura Santos A. , dos Santos A. F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBoundary‐value problems of wave diffraction by a periodic strip grating are associated with a Toeplitz operator acting on a space of functions defined on a two‐straight line contour. Simple formulas are given for the left inverse of the operator associated with the Neumann boundary‐value problem and for the right inverse of the operator associated with the Dirichlet boundary‐value problem when the period of the grating is equal to double the width of the strips. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A direct approach to convolution type operators with symmetry
Authors: Castro L. P. , Speck F.‐O. , Teixeira F. S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe consider convolution type operators that carry a certain symmetry in their structure. The study is motivated by several applications in mathematical physics where this kind of operators appears. They can be regarded as a class of Wiener‐Hopf plus Hankel operators acting in spaces of Bessel potentials. But the common approach of reduction to systems of Wiener‐Hopf equations is avoided by a more direct factorization scheme. The main results are: Fredholm criteria, analytical representation of generalized inverses, and the constructive solution of normalization problems. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The essential spectrum of a model problem in 2‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamics: a proof of a conjecture by J. Descloux and G. Geymonat
Authors: Faierman M. , Mennicken R. , Möller M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDescloux and Geymonat considered a model problem for plasma in a toroidal configuration and conjectured that the essential spectrum has an explicitly given band structure. Here we prove this conjecture by employing an operator matrix representation of the problem. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reynolds type equation for a thin flow under intensive transverse percolation
Authors: Nazarov Sergueï , Videman Juha H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA two‐dimensional Reynolds type equation is derived and justified for a three‐dimensional viscous incompressible flow, taking place between two smooth fixed adjacent curved walls, under intensive percolation. Resulting from the dimension reduction, the model is proved to admit fluxes of order 1 = h0 with respect to the relative thickness h, a small parameter. Thus, velocities are allowed to be of order h−1, which is just the case where linear and nonlinear terms have the same asymptotic powers O(h−3). Boundary layers are also taken into account and estimates obtained for the remainder terms in the asymptotic representation formulae. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The boundary value problems of the Stokes resolvent equations in n dimensions
Authors: Varnhorn Werner 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe construct a solution for the boundary value problems of the Stokes resolvent system in bounded and exterior domains of ℝn (n ≥ 2) with prescribed Dirichlet‐ and Neumann boundary data. The construction is based on the explicit form of the corresponding fundamental and double layer tensor and uses hydrodynamical potential theory and the method of integral equations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Severity of fecal incontinence in community‐living elderly in a health maintenance organization
Authors: Bliss Donna Zimmaro , Fischer Lucy Rose , Savik Kay , Avery Melissa , Mark Peter 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn anonymous survey containing questions about the severity of fecal incontinence (FI)—frequency, amount, and type—and its correlates was distributed to community‐living elderly at four managed‐care clinics. Completed surveys were received from 1,352 respondents whose mean (±standard deviation) age was 75 ± 6 years and 60% of whom were female. Approximately 19% reported having FI one or more times within the past year. Incontinence that soiled underwear or was of loose or liquid consistency was most common. More frequent FI and a greater amount of FI were significantly associated with loose or liquid stool consistency, defecation urgency, bowel surgery, and chronic health conditions. Therapies aimed at normalizing stool consistency or reducing urgency may be beneficial in lessening FI severity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:162–173, 2004
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the state anxiety scale for children
Authors: Li Ho Cheung William , Lopez Violeta 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe assessment of anxiety in children undergoing surgery must be addressed before any intervention can be appropriately planned, provided, and evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the State Anxiety Scale for Children. Two hundred and thirty‐seven children from a primary school and 112 children admitted for day surgery were recruited for this study. The instrument demonstrated adequate internal‐consistency reliability, appropriate concurrent validity, and construct validity. Factor analyses further confirmed the construct validity of the scale, with a good fit between the factor structure of the scale and the observed data. Results suggest that the Chinese version of the State Anxiety Scale for Children can be used as a self‐report assessment tool in measuring the anxiety level of Chinese children ages 7–12 years. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:198–207, 2004
Instrument development of the self‐efficacy scale for abused women
Authors: May Barbara A. , Limandri Barbara J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe development of a scale to measure an abused woman's self‐efficacy is described. The Self‐Efficacy Scale for Abused Women (SESAW) originally was a 27‐item 100‐mm visual analog scale. It underwent face and content validity testing and was administered to a community sample of abused women (N = 50). The SESAW was tested for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and construct validity. Cronbach's alphas were .95 and .96 at times 1 and 2, respectively. The bivariate correlation between the SESAW at times 1 and 2 was r = .85, p < .01. Construct validity was established by a moderate bivariate correlation with the criterion as measured by the Self‐Efficacy Scale—general/global subscale (r = .64, p < .01 at time 1, and r = .78, p < .01 at time 2). The SESAW was streamlined to 19 items. The SESAW is an acceptable measure of situation‐specific self‐efficacy in community‐based abused women. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:208–214, 2004
A pilot study of prophylactic ciprofloxacin during delayed intensification in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yousef Abdelmottaleb A. , Fryer Christopher J.H. , Chedid Fares D. , Abbas Adil A.H. , Felimban Sami K. , Khattab Taha M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that prophylactic administration of an appropriate antibiotic following each delayed intensification (DI) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) would reduce the episodes of fever and bacteremia associated with neutropenia, and hence reduce both the rate and duration of hospitalization.ProcedureAll patients in the study were treated according to a modified Medical Research Council United Kingdom ALL XI (MRC UKALL XI) protocol utilizing three DI courses. Between June and December 2000 patients received prophylactic ciprofloxacin following DI courses. The rates of hospitalization and bacteremias were compared to ALL patients who had received between one and three DI courses prior to June 2000.ResultsThere were 69 patients who received a total of 194 DIs (controls 130; study group 64). The rate of hospitalization was 90% in the controls and 58% in the study group (P < 0.001). The median hospital stay was 10.1 days for controls and 6.0 for the study group (P < 0.001). Intensive care unit admissions were reduced from 12 to 1.5% (P = 0.02). The overall rate of proven bacteremia was reduced from 22 to 9% (P = 0.028). There were no Gram‐negative bacteremias in the study group compared to 10 (7.7%) in the controls (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCompared to historical controls, patients in this study receiving prophylactic ciprofloxacin had a reduced rate and duration of hospitalization and incidence of Gram‐negative bacteremia. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some considerations on mechanical testing methods of rubbery materials using nonlinear finite element analysis
Authors: Kim Wan‐Doo , Kim Wan‐Soo , Woo Chang‐Soo , Lee Hak‐Joo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses experimental test methods for the purpose of defining the nonlinear properties of rubbery materials used for finite element analysis. The typical tests are simple tension, simple compression and pure shear tests. It has been found in the simple tension test that a narrow strip specimen whose length is 10 times longer than the width can be used more appropriately than a dumbbell type specimen. In order to eliminate the effect of friction between the specimen and the platens in the compression test, a tapered platen is suggested. The effect of the tapered platens is verified by experimental and finite element analysis. In a shear test, it has been shown that the specimen width must be at least 10 times larger than the height of the specimen. The mechanical preconditioning has significant effects on the prediction of the behaviours of rubbery materials and components. The static stiffness of an automotive engine mount is calculated by nonlinear finite element analysis using the experimentally determined material properties and is compared with experimental results that take into account the mechanical preconditioning effect, resulting in a good correlation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) during crystallization
Authors: Bergmann Antje , Owen Anthony 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe dielectric response of poly [(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) was investigated as a function of time after quenching a film from the melt to a crystallization temperature of 20 °C. In the frequency range investigated (20 to 106 Hz) a relaxation maximum was observed–attributable to the glass transition–which could be analysed by the Havriliak–Negami relation. Changes in the complex dielectric constant were monitored both during spherulite growth (primary crystallization) and subsequently during a period of progressive crystallization (secondary crystallization) at room temperature. The relaxation strength changed only slightly during primary crystallization and its peak position remained at a constant frequency. Subsequently a continuous decrease in relaxation strength occurred, indicating considerable changes in molecular mobility after spherulite growth had been completed. The results provide further evidence that molecular mobility in the amorphous regions decreases significantly with time, and that this would be the reason why PHB shows embrittlement on ageing at room temperature. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
N‐(2‐biphenylenyl)‐4‐[2′‐phenylethynyl] phthalimide: 2. Detailed study of the monomer cure and properties of the resulting polymer
Authors: Georgiades Alexis , Hamerton Ian , Hay John N , Herman Henryk , Shaw Steve J 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA detailed study is presented of the high‐temperature cure of the difunctional monomer N‐(2‐biphenylenyl)‐4‐[2′‐phenylethynyl]phthalimide (BPP) and the thermal properties of the resulting homopolymer. Although the phenylethynyl groups are consumed within 1 h at 370 °C, other reactions continue well after this, leading to a cured polymer whose glass transition temperature (Tg) is highly dependent on cure time and temperature. A Tg of 450 °C is achieved after a 16 h cure at 400 °C. Use of chemometrics to analyse the infrared spectra of curing BPP provides evidence for changes in the aromatic moieties during cure, perhaps indicative of co‐reaction between the biphenylene and phenylethynyl groups; however, other processes also contribute to the overall complex cure mechanism. Despite the high Tg values, BPP homopolymer exhibits unacceptably poor thermo‐oxidative stability at 370 °C, showing a weight loss of about 50 % after 100 h ageing. This is perhaps a result of formation of degradatively unstable crosslink structures during elevated‐temperature cure. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and properties of montmorillonite‐based polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Nah Changwoon , Han Sang Hyub , Lee Joong‐Hee , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Chung Kyung Ho 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMontmorillonite (MMT)‐based polyimide (PI) nanocomposites were prepared via two‐stage polymerization of PI using polyamic acid (PAA). The clay was organically modified using various alkylammonium ions to examine the effect of changes in alkyl length on the intercalation spacing of both the treated clays and their hybrids with PAA and PI. The intercalation behavior of clay in the PI matrix and its thermal and mechanical properties were investigated as a function of clay concentration. The d‐spacing of organically modified MMT (O‐MMT) increased with increasing length of the alkylammonium chain. PI/O‐MMT hybrids form exfoliated nanocomposites at clay concentrations below 2 wt%, while they form intercalated nanocomposites together with some exfoliated ones at clay contents exceeding 4 wt%. Young's modulus increased rapidly to a clay loading of 2 wt%, and leveled off with further increases in clay loading. The tensile strength at break increased rapidly up to a clay loading of 1 wt%, and then decreased sharply, while the strain at break showed a monotonic decrease with increasing clay loading from 0 to 8 wt%. The storage modulus, E′, in the temperature range below the glass transition temperature Tg, generally increased with increasing clay content, except at the highest clay content of 8 wt%. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The proteome of chicken skeletal muscle: Changes in soluble protein expression during growth in a layer strain
Authors: Doherty Mary K. , McLean Lynn , Hayter Julia R. , Pratt Julie M. , Robertson Duncan H. L. , El‐Shafei Abdel , Gaskell Simon J. , Beynon Robert J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe whole animal, and the pectoralis muscle in particular, grows at a greatly enhanced rate in chickens selected for meat production (broilers) when compared to those selected for egg production (layers). As part of an ongoing study to analyse muscle protein dynamics under conditions of rapid growth, we have embarked upon a preliminary characterisation of the proteome of layer chicken pectoralis muscle, at specified time‐points from 1 to 27 days after hatching. Soluble extracts of muscle homogenates were separated by two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis and selected spots were analysed by in‐gel tryptic digestion and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. Of 90 spots, 51 gave mass spectra that matched to existing chicken proteins present in on‐line databases, 12 matched equivalent proteins from non‐avian species and 11 yielded good quality spectra but were unable to be matched against existing databases. For many of these proteins, growth over 27 days elicited dramatic changes in relative expression levels. Chicken skeletal muscle offers an excellent system for developmental proteomics.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis protein profiling and identification in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following allergen and endotoxin challenge
Authors: Signor Luca , Tigani Bruno , Beckmann Nicolau , Falchetto Rocco , Stoeckli Markus 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from actively sensitised Brown Norway (BN) rats challenged with allergen (ovalbumin, OA) and from naïve Brown Norway rats challenged with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) was analyzed and compared to healthy controls treated with vehicle only. BALF proteins were analyzed by one‐dimensional (1‐D) and two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) or nanoliquid chromatography‐tandem MS (nanoLC‐MS/MS) after in‐gel trypsin digestion of selected 2‐D gel spots. Our study shows that the BALF protein profile is significantly different in animals after allergen (OA) or endotoxin (LPS) challenge as compared to controls, concerning the content of proteins derived from plasma or produced locally in the lung. In both challenges the following proteins presented patterns which differed qualitatively compared to control: T‐kininogen I and II, α‐1‐antitrypsin, calgranulin A, fetuin A and B, and haptoglobin. Other proteins were diminished in both challenges, such as Clara cell 10 kDa secretory protein (CC10) and pulmonary surfactant associated protein B (SP‐B); c‐reactive protein increased in the OA‐challenge and decreased in the LPS‐challenge, and pulmonary surfactant associated protein A (SP‐A) was decreased in the OA‐challenge and was not significantly changed in the LPS‐challenge. The identified proteins could be important not only for the diagnosis but have also interesting implications for medical treatment of lung inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, even if based on a limited number of animals, our results are of interest for the identification of lung protein markers and a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases.
Coefficients of molecular packing and intrinsic birefringence of aromatic polyimides estimated using refractive indices and molecular polarizabilities
Authors: Terui Yoshiharu , Ando Shinji 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMolecular structure dependences of the coefficients of molecular packing (Kp) and the intrinsic birefringence (Δn0) were investigated for aromatic polyimides (PIs) using a method based on the modified Lorentz–Lorenz equation and the Vuks equation. This method needs only average refractive indices and polarizability tensors (

) for PI repeating units. αˆ was calculated using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) theory level that was confirmed as optimal for PI repeating units. Because bent or kinked structures in main chain hinder the ordering of polymer chains, Kp decreases in cases that ether linkages are introduced in the main chain and that kinked‐structured dianhydrides are used. Introduction of side groups, trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups in particular, also causes decreases in Kp. On the other hand, the estimated values of Δn0 are proportional to the calculated anisotropy in αˆ (Δα/Vvdw), thus Δn0 can be well predicted by computation. The values of Δα/Vvdw are decreased not only by bent structures in the main chain (e.g., ether linkage), presence of side groups, but also by large fractions of imide rings in the polymer structures. The estimated values of Δn0 range from 0.338 to 0.470, which are much larger than the reported ones for optically transparent conventional polymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2354–2366, 2004