bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle-driven forward dynamic active hybrid model of the lumbosacral spine: combined FEM and multibody simulation
Authors: Remus Robin , Selkmann Sascha , Lipphaus Andreas , Neumann Marc , Bender Beate 
Published: September 2023

Most spine models belong to either the musculoskeletal multibody (MB) or finite element (FE) method. Recently, coupling of MB and FE models has increasingly been used to combine advantages of both methods. Active hybrid FE-MB models, still rarely used in spine research, avoid the interface and convergence problems associated with model coupling. They provide the inherent ability to account for the full interplay of passive and active mechanisms for spinal stability. In this paper, we developed and validated a novel muscle-driven forward dynamic active hybrid FE-MB model of the lumbosacral spine (LSS) in ArtiSynth to simultaneously calculate muscle activation patterns, vertebral movements, and internal mechanical loads. The model consisted of the rigid vertebrae L1-S1 interconnected with hyperelastic fiber-reinforced FE intervertebral discs, ligaments, facet joints, and force actuators representing the muscles. Morphological muscle data were implemented via a semi-automated registration procedure. Four auxiliary bodies were utilized to describe non-linear muscle paths by wrapping and attaching the anterior abdominal muscles. This included an abdominal plate whose kinematics was optimized using motion capture data from upper body movements. Intra-abdominal pressure was calculated from the forces of the abdominal muscles compressing the abdominal cavity. For the muscle-driven approach, forward dynamics assisted data tracking was used to predict muscle activation patterns that generate spinal postures and balance the spine without prescribing accurate spinal kinematics. During calibration, the maximum specific muscle tension and spinal rhythms resulting from the model dynamics were evaluated. To validate the model, load cases were simulated from −10° extension to +30° flexion with weights up to 20 kg in both hands. The biomechanical model responses were compared with in vivo literature data of intradiscal pressures, intra-abdominal pressures, and muscle activities. The results demonstrated high agreement with this data and highlight the advantages of active hybrid modeling for the LSS. Overall, this new self-contained tool provides a robust and efficient estimation of LSS biomechanical responses under in vivo similar loads, for example, to improve pain treatment by spinal stabilization therapies.
Cervical aortic arch in the pediatric population: a meta-analysis of individual patient's data
Authors: Baudo Massimo , Varrica Alessandro , Reali Matteo , Saracino Antonio , Carminati Mario , Frigiola Alessandro , Giamberti Alessandro , Lo Rito Mauro 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThis is the first meta-analysis to analyze all reports of published pediatric cases of cervical aortic arch (CAA) by highlighting the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes using the reported individual data of the patients. The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical features and surgical outcomes of such a rare disease in the pediatric population.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in various academic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, DOAJ, and Cochrane Library, until June 2022 for case reports describing the presence of cervical aortic arch in the pediatric age. Case reports and series were included if the following criteria were met: (1) description of the cervical aortic arch; (2) patient of pediatric age; and (3) published in the English language. All other types of publications that lacked patient-specific information were excluded from the analysis. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome measure of the analysis was early and late mortality.ResultsThe literature search identified 2,272 potentially eligible articles, 72 of which met our inclusion criteria with 96 patients including the author's institutional case. At a median of 365 (90–730) days, the overall cohort registered a 7.3% (7/96) mortality rate. In the subset of patients who underwent surgery, the mortality rate was also 7.3% (4/55), and the mortality rate following surgery to treat only CAA was 2.4% (1/42). Dyspnea was identified as an independent determinant of mortality by employing the univariable Firth bias-reduced logistic regression method.ConclusionCervical aortic arch is a rare congenital heart disease that poses treatment challenges due to the high anatomical variability, diverse clinical presentations, and the presence of other concomitant diseases. The surgical treatment appears to be a safe and effective approach for resolving the symptoms, although it needs to be tailored individually for each patient.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=346826, Identifier: CRD42022346826.
Female youth and mental health service providers' perspectives on the JoyPop™ app: a qualitative study
Authors: Malik Ishaq , Perez Arnaldo , Toombs Elaine , Schmidt Fred , Olthuis Janine V. , Charlton Jaidyn , Grassia Elizabeth , Squier Crystal , Stasiuk Kristine , Bobinski Tina , Mushquash Aislin R. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionMobile health (mHealth) apps are a promising adjunct to traditional mental health services, especially in underserviced areas. Developed to foster resilience in youth, the JoyPop™ app has a growing evidence base showing improvement in emotion regulation and mental health symptoms among youth. However, whether this novel technology will be accepted among those using or providing mental health services remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the JoyPop™ app's acceptance among (a) a clinical sample of youth and (b) mental health service providers.MethodA qualitative descriptive approach involving one-on-one semi-structured interviews was conducted. Interviews were guided by the Technology Acceptance Model and were analyzed using a deductive-inductive content analysis approach.ResultsAll youth (n = 6 females;Mage = 14.60, range 12–17) found the app easy to learn and use and expressed positive feelings towards using the app. Youth found the app useful because it facilitated accessibility to helpful coping skills (e.g., journaling to express their emotions; breathing exercises to increase calmness) and positive mental health outcomes (e.g., increased relaxation and reduced stress). All service providers (n = 7 females;Mage = 43.75, range 32–60) perceived the app to be useful and easy to use by youth within their services and expressed positive feelings about integrating the app into usual care. Service providers also highlighted various organizational factors affecting the app's acceptance. Youth and service providers raised some concerns about apps in general and provided recommendations to improve the JoyPop™ app.DiscussionResults support youth and service providers' acceptance of the JoyPop™ app and lend support for it as an adjunctive resource to traditional mental health services for youth with emotion regulation difficulties.
Trajectories of academic performance over time: differences by social determinants of health and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gresham Bria , Corcoran Frederique , Karatekin Canan 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionWe examined (1) differences in academic performance by structural and intermediary determinants of health, (2) associations between duration of college enrollment during the first year of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and (3) their two-way interactions on academic performance using data from two cohorts of freshmen undergraduate students.MethodsParticipants reported their demographic information, and their structural and intermediary determinants. The university reported academic performance at each semester. Mixed effects models tested repeated measures outcomes (i.e., grade point average (GPA) and courses where the grade received was D, F, Not passing, or Withdrawn (DFNW courses) and generalized linear models tested likelihood of graduation.ResultsMore unfavorable structural and intermediary determinants were associated with an increased likelihood of receiving a DFNW grade (b = 0.33 and b = 0.40, p’s &lt; 0.05, respectively). Greater unfavorable intermediary determinants were associated with a lower GPA (b = –0.07, p = 0.159). There were significant interactions between intermediary determinants of health and enrollment duration during COVID-19 for the likelihood of DFNW grades (b = –0.89, p = 0.008) and graduation (b = 1.31, p = 0.025), such that Cohort 1 fared worse than Cohort 2.DiscussionThe findings indicate that for those with more unfavorable intermediary determinants, there may have been an initial “shock” of the pandemic that stabilized over time.
Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Lu Lianfeng , Yang Yang , Yang Zhangong , Wu Yuanni , Liu Xiaosheng , Li Xiaodi , Chen Ling , Han Yang , Song Xiaojing , Kong Ziqing , Cao Wei , Li Taisheng 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundChronic metabolic changes relevant to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain undetermined. Moreover, links between metabolic dysfunction caused by HIV and immunological inflammation in long-term treated individuals have been poorly studied.MethodsUntargeted metabolomics and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed in 47 HIV-infected individuals including 22 immunological responders (IRs) and 25 non-responders (INRs) before and after ART. The IRs and INRs were matched by age, gender, baseline viral load, and baseline CD4+T cell counts. Another 25 age-matched uninfected healthy individuals were also included as controls.ResultsAmong the 770 plasma compounds detected in the current study, significant changes were identified in lipids, nucleotides, and biogenic amino acids between HIV-infected patients and healthy controls. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Random Forest (RF) model suggested that levels of selected metabolites could differentiate HIV-infected patients clearly from healthy controls. However, the metabolite profiles identified in our patients were similar, and only three metabolites, maltotetraose, N, N-dimethyl-5-aminovalerate, and decadienedioic acid (C10:2-DC), were different between IRs and INRs following long-term ART. The pathway enrichment analysis results revealed that disturbances in pyrimidine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and purine metabolism after HIV infection and these changes did not recover to normal levels in healthy controls even with suppressive ART. Correlation analysis of the metabolism-immune network indicated that interleukin (IL)-10, D-dimer, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and TNF-RII were positively correlated with most of the significantly changed lipid and amino acid metabolites but negatively correlated with metabolites in nucleotide metabolism.ConclusionsSignificant changes in many metabolites were observed in HIV-infected individuals before and after ART regardless of their immunological recovery status. The disturbed metabolic profiles of lipids and nucleotides in HIV infection did not recover to normal levels even after long-term ART. These changes are correlated with modified cytokines and biomarkers of chronic non-AIDS events, warranting tryout of interventions other than ART.
RETRACTED: Application of periodic structural wave impeding block for vibration isolation in foundation
Authors: Ling Yongqiang , Zhu Xiaoli , Song Lei 
Published: September 2023

The wave impeding board (WIB) is frequently integrated beneath dynamic machinery, tracks, and subgrades to counteract vibrations emanating from artificial sources. However, conventional WIBs have exhibited a limited isolation frequency band due to their dependence on the soil cut-off frequency of soil. Furthermore, the vibration sources typically encompass intricate frequency components spanning low, medium, and high frequencies. To overcome the technical limitations of WIBs relying on the cut-off frequency of soil, a new periodic structural wave impeding board (PSWIB) is proposed based on the principles of phononic crystals. Theoretical and numerical analyses demonstrate that PSWIB exhibits bandgap characteristics, with the attenuation range achieved by finite periodic structures aligning with the bandgap of an infinite PSWIB. Maximum amplitude reductions of 47 dB and 65 dB are achieved within the vibration attenuation range. Compared to traditional WIB, PSWIB surpasses the constraints imposed by the cut-off frequency of soil and allow for the design of constituent parameters based on the characteristics of the vibration source, enabling effective isolation of the target frequency vibrations.
Validation of the ICEBERG emergency room screening tool for early identification of older patients with geriatric consultation needs
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. , Gagesch Michael , Tsai Dai-Hua , Richter Clara , Lanz Patricia , Sidler Patrick , Can Uenal , Keller Dagmar I. , Minder Markus , von Rickenbach Bettina , Yildirim-Aman Ali , Geiling Katharina , Freystaetter Gregor 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe growing number of older and oldest-old patients often present in the emergency room (ER) with undiagnosed geriatric syndromes posing them at high risk for complications in acute care.ObjectiveTo develop and validate an ER screening tool (ICEBERG) to capture 9 geriatric domains of risk in older patients.Design, setting, and participantsFor construct validity we performed a chart-based study in 129 ER patients age 70 years and older admitted to acute geriatric care (pilot 1). For criterion validity we performed a prospective study in 288 ER patients age 70 years and older admitted to acute care (pilot 2).ExposureIn both validation steps, the exposure was ICEBERG test performance below and above the median score (10, range 0–30).Outcome measures and analysisIn pilot 1, we compared the exposure with results of nine tests of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). In pilot 2, we compared the exposure assessed in the ER to following length of hospital stay (LOS), one-on-one nursing care needs, in-hospital mortality, 30-day re-admission rate, and discharge to a nursing home.Main resultsMean age was 82.9 years (SD 6.7; n = 129) in pilot 1, and 81.5 years (SD 7.0; n = 288) in pilot 2. In pilot 1, scoring ≥10 was associated with significantly worse performance in 8 of 9 of the individual CGA tests. In pilot 2, scoring ≥10 resulted in longer average LOS (median 7 days, IQR 4, 11 vs. 6 days, IQR 3, 8) and higher nursing care needs (median 1,838 min, IQR 901, 4,267 vs. median 1,393 min, IQR 743, 2,390). Scoring ≥10 also increased the odds of one-on-one nursing care 2.9-fold (OR 2.86, 95%CI 1.17–6.98), and the odds of discharge to a nursing home 3.7-fold (OR 3.70, 95%CI 1.74–7.85). Further, scoring ≥10 was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and re-hospitalization rates, however not reaching statistical significance. Average time to complete the ICEBERG tool was 4.3 min (SD 1.3).ConclusionOur validation studies support construct validity of the ICEBERG tool with the CGA, and criterion validity with several clinical indicators in acute care.
Soil nutrient management influences diversity, community association and functional structure of rhizosphere bacteriome under vegetable crop production
Authors: Raimi Adekunle R. , Ezeokoli Obinna T. , Adeleke Rasheed A. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionRhizosphere bacterial communities play a crucial role in promoting plant and soil ecosystem health and productivity. They also have great potential as key indicators of soil health in agroecosystems. Various environmental factors affect soil parameters, which have been demonstrated to influence soil microbial growth and activities. Thus, this study investigated how rhizosphere bacterial community structure and functions are affected by agronomic practices such as organic and conventional fertiliser application and plant species types.MethodsRhizosphere soil of vegetable crops cultivated under organic and conventional fertilisers in different farms was analysed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and co-occurrence network pattern among bacterial species. The functional structure was analysed with PICRUSt2 pipeline.ResultsOverall, rhizosphere bacterial communities varied in response to fertiliser type, with soil physicochemical parameters, including NH4, PO4, pH and moisture content largely driving the variations across the farms. Organic farms had a higher diversity richness and more unique amplicon sequence variants than conventional farms. Bacterial community structure in multivariate space was highly differentiated across the farms and between organic and conventional farms. Co-occurrence network patterns showed community segmentation for both farms, with keystone taxa more prevalent in organic than conventional farms.DiscussionModule hub composition and identity varied, signifying differences in keystone taxa across the farms and positive correlations between changes in microbial composition and ecosystem functions. The organic farms comprised functionally versatile communities characterised by plant growth-promoting keystone genera, such as Agromyces, Bacillus and Nocardioides. The results revealed that organic fertilisers support high functional diversity and stronger interactions within the rhizosphere bacterial community. This study provided useful information about the overall changes in soil microbial dynamics and how the changes influence ecosystem functioning under different soil nutrient management and agronomic practices.
LC-MS/MS assisted biomonitoring of ropivacaine and 3-OH-ropivacaine after plane block anesthesia for cardiac device implantation
Authors: Butiulca Mihaela , Farczadi Lenard , Vari Camil Eugen , Imre Silvia , Pui Mihai , Lazar Alexandra 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Ropivacaine is a popular local anesthetic used for regional anesthesia or for pain management. Although designed as an enantiomerically pure drug, an aspect that reduces the adverse effects, its toxicological effects are still a risk. As such, biomonitoring to assure appropriate dosage and bioavailability are essential to avoid complications during or post-surgery.Methods: The study focused on developing a sensitive, selective, and accurate liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) method which facilitates the biomonitoring of ropivacaine and its main metabolite in plasma after regional anesthesia using ropivacaine.Results and Discussion: The method was validated with regards to all relevant parameters, such as sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, and the effect of sample matrix. The method was successfully used in a pilot study, which included one patient undergoing plane block anesthesia for cardiac device implantation. The results showed the method is appropriate for its intended purpose and could even be used in other, similar applications.
Case report: Short-term efficacy and changes in 18F-FDG-PET with acute multi-target stimulation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3/MJD)
Authors: Cui Zhiqiang , Lan Yina , Chang Yan , Liu Xinyun , Wang Jian , Lou Xin , Wang Ruimin 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is a rare neurodegenerative disease for which there is no specific treatment. Very few cases have been treated with single-target deep brain stimulation (DBS), and the results were not satisfactory. We applied multi-target DBS to an SCA3/MJD patient and performed positron emission computed tomography (PET) before and after DBS to explore the short-term clinical therapeutic effect.Materials and methodsA 26-year-old right-hand-dominant female with a family history of SCA3/MJD suffered from cerebellar ataxia and dystonia. Genetic testing indicated an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the ATXN3 gene and a diagnosis of SCA3/MJD. Conservative treatment had no obvious effect; therefore, leads were implanted in the bilateral dentate nucleus (DN) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and connected to an external stimulation device. The treatment effect was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized protocol in five phases (over a total of 15 days): no stimulation, GPi, DN, or sham stimulation, and combined GPi and DN stimulation. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose and dopamine transporter PET, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (FTM), Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), and SF-36 quality of life scores were compared before and after DBS.ResultsThe Total Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores improved by ~42% (from 24 to 14). The BFMDRS movement scores improved by ~30% (from 40.5 to 28.5). The BFMDRS disability scores improved by ~12.5% (from 16 to 14). Daily living activities were not noticeably improved. Compared with the findings in pre-DBS imaging, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake increased in the cerebellum, while according to dopamine transporter imaging, there were no significant differences in the bilateral caudate nucleus and putamen.ConclusionMulti-target acute stimulation (DN DBS and GPi DBS) in SCA3/MJD can mildly improve cerebellar ataxia and dystonia and increase cerebellar metabolism.
Treatment landscape and burden of disease in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: systematic and structured literature reviews
Authors: Leaning Darren , Kaur Gagandeep , Morgans Alicia K. , Ghouse Ray , Mirante Osvaldo , Chowdhury Simon 
Published: September 2023

PurposeMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal disease that imposes a major burden on patients and healthcare systems. Three structured literature reviews (treatment guidelines, treatment landscape, and human/clinical/patient burden) and one systematic literature review (economic burden) were conducted to better understand the disease burden and unmet needs for patients with late-stage mCRPC, for whom optimal treatment options are unclear.MethodsEmbase®, MEDLINE®, MEDLINE® In-Process, the CENTRAL database (structured and systematic reviews), and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database (systematic review only) were searched for English-language records from 2009 to 2021 to identify mCRPC treatment guidelines and studies related to the treatment landscape and the humanistic/economic burden of mCRPC in adult men (aged ≥18 years) of any ethnicity.ResultsIn total, six records were included for the treatment patterns review, 14 records for humanistic burden, nine records for economic burden, three records (two studies) for efficacy, and eight records for safety. Real-world treatment patterns were broadly aligned with treatment guidelines and provided no optimal treatment sequencing beyond second line other than palliative care. Current post-docetaxel treatments in mCRPC are associated with adverse events that cause relatively high rates of treatment discontinuation or disruption. The humanistic and economic burdens associated with mCRPC are high.ConclusionThe findings highlight a lack of treatment options with novel mechanisms of action and more tolerable safety profiles that satisfy a risk-to-benefit ratio aligned with patient needs and preferences for patients with late-stage mCRPC. Treatment approaches that improve survival and health-related quality of life are needed, ideally while simultaneously reducing costs and healthcare resource utilization.