bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in two-dimensional transition metal oxides and di-chalcogenides as efficient thermoelectric materials
Authors: Rani Rekha , Sinha M M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Designing of efficient thermoelectric material is the need of hour to avoid the adverse effect on environment. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxides (TMOs) and transition metal dichalogenides (TMDCs) are receiving attention of researchers due to their wide range of electronic properties, high temperature and air stability, tunable electron transport properties for high thermoelectric efficiency (ZT). Two- dimensionalization in these materials lead to the increase in their thermoelectric efficiency as compared to their bulk counterpart due to the quantum confinement effect. These materials possess high thermoelectric efficiency even at high temperature (500–800 K) but their application still lagging behind commercially due to low ZT value. Various approaches such as strain engineering, defect engineering etc. Were adopted to further enhance the ZT value of these materials. Controlling chalcogen atomic defect provides an alternative avenue for engineering a wide range of physical and chemical properties of 2D TMOs/TMDCs. In this review we will systematically present the progress made in the study of electronic, phononic, transport properties and Seebeck coefficient of 2D TMOs/TMDCs such as XO2 (X=Cr, Mo, Zr) and MX2 (M= Cr, Mo, Zr; X= S, Se, Te) by using first principle approach. Methodologies such as strain engineering and doping to enhance the ZT values has also been discussed. In the last section we have discussed the experimental results of thermoelectric parameters of TMDCs and compare them with the existing theoretical results. It is concluded from this study that there are plenty of rooms which can be explored both theoretically and experimentally to design efficient thermoelectric materials for energy harvesting.
Theoretical investigations of the vibrational spectra and hydrogen bond vibrations of two-dimensional ice I
Authors: Liu Xiao-Yan , Liu Sicheng , Li Yi-Ning , Guo Qing , Yin Yi , Zhang Peng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In 2020, experimental observations of a stable two-dimensional (2D) ice I structure on a gold substrate were reported. As an atomic-level material, 2D ice has potential applications in many fields. However, the vibrational spectra of 2D ice I, including its infrared (IR) absorption, Raman scattering, and inelastic neutron-scattering spectra, have not been collected, owing to the complexity of the experimental conditions required to do so. We used first-principle density functional theory calculations to model 2D ice I and proved that it can stably exist without a gold substrate. We also simulated the vibrational phonon density of states and the IR and Raman spectra of 2D ice I. The vibrational frequencies in the translational band of 2D ice I were lower than those of 3D ice, owing to the hydrogen bonds of the former being weaker than those of the latter. The dynamic process analysis of hydrogen bonds showed that the vibrational modes of 2D ice I are quite different with that of 3D ice showing a different vibrational spectrum.
NAJADS: a self-contained framework for the direct determination of astrophysical J-factors
Authors: Balaudo Anna , Calore Francesca , De Romeri Valentina , Donato Fiorenza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cosmological simulations play a pivotal role in understanding the properties of the dark matter (DM) distribution in both galactic and galaxy-cluster environments.
The characterization of DM structures is crucial for informing indirect DM searches, aiming at the detection of the annihilation (or decay) products of DM particles.
A fundamental quantity in these analyses is the astrophysical J-factor. In the DM phenomenology community, J-factors are typically computed through the semi-analytical modelling of the DM mass distribution, which is affected by large uncertainties.
With the scope of addressing and possibly reducing these uncertainties, we present NAJADS, a self-contained framework to derive the DM J-factor directly from the raw simulations data.
We show how this framework can be used to compute all-sky maps of the J-factor, automatically accounting for the complex 3D structure of the simulated halos and for the boosting of the signal due to the density fluctuations along the line of sight.
After validating our code, we present a proof-of-concept application of NAJADS to a realistic halo from the IllustrisTNG suite, and exploit it to make a thorough comparison between our numerical approach and traditional semi-analytical methods.
Flat-sky angular power spectra revisited
Authors: Gao Zucheng , Vlah Zvonimir , Challinor Anthony 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We revisit the flat-sky approximation for evaluating the angular power spectra of
projected random fields by retaining information about the correlations along the line of
sight. For the case of projections with broad, overlapping radial window functions, these
line-of-sight correlations are suppressed and are ignored in the commonly adopted Limber
approximation. However, retaining the correlations is important for narrow window functions or
unequal-time spectra but introduces significant computational difficulties due to the highly
oscillatory nature of the integrands involved. We deal with the integral over line-of-sight
wave-modes in the flat-sky approximation analytically, using the FFTlog expansion of the 3D power
spectrum. This results in an efficient computational method, which is a substantial improvement
compared to any full-sky approaches. We apply our results to galaxy clustering (with and without
redshift-space distortions), CMB lensing and galaxy lensing observables in a flat
ΛCDM universe. In the case of galaxy clustering, we find excellent agreement with
the full-sky results on large (percent-level agreement) and intermediate or small (subpercent
agreement) scales, dramatically out-performing the Limber approximation for both wide and narrow
window functions, and in equal- and unequal-time cases. In the cases of lensing, we show on the
full-sky that the angular power spectrum of the lensing convergence can be very well approximated
by projecting the 3D Laplacian (rather than the correct angular Laplacian) of the gravitational
potential, even on large scales. Combining this approximation with our flat-sky techniques
provides an efficient and accurate evaluation of the CMB lensing angular power spectrum on all
scales. We further analyse the clustering and lensing angular power spectra by isolating the
projection effects due to the observable- and survey-specific window functions, separating them
from the effects due to integration along the line of sight and unequal-time mixing in the 3D
power spectrum. All of the angular power spectrum results presented in this paper are obtained
using a Python code implementation, which we make publicly available.
Gravitational Waves and gravitino mass in No-Scale Supergravity inflation with Polonyi term
Authors: Crispim Romão Miguel , King Stephen F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study a No-Scale supergravity inflation model which has a non-minimal deformation of the Kähler potential and a Wess-Zumino superpotential extended by the inclusion of a Polonyi mass term. The non-minimal structure of the Kähler potential is responsible for an inflexion point that can lead to the production of gravitational waves at late stages of inflation, while the Polonyi term breaks supersymmetry at the end of inflation, generating a non-vanishing gravitino mass. After a thorough parameter space scan, we identify promising points for gravitational wave production. We then study the resulting gravitational wave energy density for this set of points, and we observe that the gravitational waves should be observable in the next generation of both space-based and ground-based interferometers. Finally, we show how the presence of the Polonyi term can be used to further boost the gravitational wave energy density, which is correlated with the gravitino mass. The code used for the scan and the numerical analysis is provided at https://gitlab.com/miguel.romao/gw-and-m32-no-scale-inflation-polonyi.
Defying eternal inflation in warm inflation with a negative running
Authors: Montefalcone Gabriele , Ramos Rudnei O. , Vicente Gustavo S. , Freese Katherine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It was pointed out previously [1] that a
sufficiently negative running of the spectral index of curvature
perturbations from (ordinary i.e. cold) inflation is able to prevent eternal inflation from
ever occurring. Here, we reevaluate those original results, but in the
context of warm inflation, in which a substantial radiation component (produced by the inflaton) exists throughout the inflationary period.
We demonstrate that the same general
requirements
found in the context
of ordinary (cold) inflation also hold true in warm inflation; indeed an even tinier amount of negative running
is sufficient to prevent eternal inflation. This is particularly pertinent, as models featuring negative running are more generic in warm inflation scenarios.
Finally, the condition for the existence of eternal inflation in cold inflation — that the curvature perturbation amplitude exceed unity on superhorizon scales — becomes more restrictive in the case of warm inflation. The curvature perturbations must be even larger, i.e. even farther out on the potential, away from the part of the potential where observables, e.g. in the Cosmic Microwave Background, are produced.
Nonlinear effects at the electrode-tissue interface of deep brain stimulation electrodes
Authors: Sridhar K , Evers J , Lowery M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. The electrode-tissue interface provides the critical path for charge transfer in neurostimulation therapies and exhibits well-established nonlinear properties at high applied currents or voltages. These nonlinear properties may influence the efficacy and safety of applied stimulation but are typically neglected in computational models. In this study, nonlinear behavior of the electrode-tissue interface impedance was incorporated in a computational model of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to simulate the impact on neural activation and safety considerations. Approach. Nonlinear electrode-tissue interface properties were incorporated in a finite element model of DBS electrodes in vitro and in vivo, in the rat subthalamic nucleus, using an iterative approach. The transition point from linear to nonlinear behavior was determined for voltage and current-controlled stimulation. Predicted levels of neural activation during DBS were examined and the region of linear operation of the electrode was compared with the Shannon safety limit. Main results. A clear transition of the electrode-tissue interface impedance to nonlinear behavior was observed for both current and voltage-controlled stimulation. The transition occurred at lower values of activation overpotential for simulated in vivo than in vitro conditions (91 mV and 165 mV respectively for current-controlled stimulation; 110 mV and 275 mV for voltage-controlled stimulation), corresponding to an applied current of 30 μA and 45 μA, or voltage of 330 mV at 1 kHz. The onset of nonlinearity occurred at lower values of the overpotential as frequency was increased. Incorporation of nonlinear properties resulted in activation of a higher proportion of neurons under voltage-controlled stimulation. Under current-controlled stimulation, the predicted transition to nonlinear behavior and Faradaic charge transfer at stimulation amplitudes of 30 μA, corresponds to a charge density of 2.29 μC cm−2 and charge of 1.8 nC, well-below the Shannon safety limit. Significance. The results indicate that DBS electrodes may operate within the nonlinear region at clinically relevant stimulation amplitudes. This affects the extent of neural activation under voltage-controlled stimulation and the transition to Faradaic charge transfer for both voltage- and current-controlled stimulation with important implications for targeting of neural populations and the design of safe stimulation protocols.
Non-equilibrium entanglement asymmetry for discrete groups: the example of the XY spin chain
Authors: Ferro Florent , Ares Filiberto , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEntanglement asymmetry is a novel quantity that, using entanglement methods, measures how much a symmetry is broken in a part of an extended quantum system. So far, it has only been used to characterise the breaking of continuous Abelian symmetries. In this paper, we extend the concept to cyclicZNgroups. As an application, we consider the XY spin chain, in which the ground state spontaneously breaks theZ2spin parity symmetry in the ferromagnetic phase. We thoroughly investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of this symmetry after a global quantum quench, generalising known results for the standard order parameter.
Radial evolution in a reaction–diffusion model
Authors: Silveira Sofia M , Alves Sidiney G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate an off-lattice version of the diffusion-reaction model,

A
+
A
↔
A

. We consider extensive numerical simulation of the radial system obtained from a single seed. Observed fluctuations in such an evolving system are characterized by a circular region occupied by particles growing over an empty one. We show that the fluctuating front separating the two regions belongs to the circular subclass of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class.
The DEAP-3600 liquid argon optical model and NEST updates
Authors: Westerdale S. ,   the DEAP-3600 and NEST collaborations
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As liquid argon (LAr) detectors are made at progressively larger sizes, accurate models of LAr optical properties become increasingly important for simulating light transport, understanding signals, and developing analyses.
The refractive index, group velocity, and Rayleigh scattering length are particularly important for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and visible photons in detectors with diameters much greater than one meter.
While optical measurements in the VUV are sparse, recent measurements of the group velocity of 128 nm photons in LAr provide valuable constraints on these parameters.
These calculations are further complicated by the dependence of optical parameters on thermodynamic properties that might fluctuate or vary throughout the argon volume.
This manuscript presents the model used by DEAP-3600, a dark matter direct detection experiment at SNOLAB using a 3.3 tonne LAr scintillation counter.
Existing data and thermodynamic models are synthesized to estimate the wavelength-dependent refractive index, group velocity, and Rayleigh scattering length within the detector, and parameters' uncertainties are estimated.
This model, along with in situ measurements of LAr scintillation properties, is benchmarked against data collected in DEAP-3600, providing a method for modeling optical properties in large LAr detectors and for propagating their uncertainties through downstream simulations.
Updates are also presented of the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) software, widely used to model scintillation and ionization signals in argon- and xenon-based detectors.
Unravelling spatiotemporal patterns of solar photovoltaic plants development in China in the 21st century
Authors: Wang Zirui , Hao Zhen , Jia Xiaofeng , Zhao Wenqiong , Du Yun , Ling Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Solar energy, as an environmentally sustainable power source, is gaining increasing popularity worldwide, driving a surge in the number of solar photovoltaic (PV) plants. China, which has a prominent role in this domain, requires continuous updates to its PV plant data for spatiotemporal analyses. However, there remains an absence of a comprehensive and timely dataset of PV plants across China, leaving PV installation dates and other crucial attributes for comprehensive analyses underexplored. This study leverages Sentinel-2 data as a primary source to propose an optimized deep learning approach for PV plant extraction in China. Statistical analyses of PV plant attributes, including its installation date, size, site slope, and site land cover, were implemented from multiple data sources. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to unravel their spatiotemporal development patterns in the 21st century. The results indicate that as of 2023, China boasts 4347 PV plants, collectively spanning 4146 km2, which are predominantly concentrated in Northwest and North China. 2016 and 2017 marked substantial growth in China’s PV plants, while other years exhibited stability. These plants exhibit the distinct spatial characteristics of installing smaller PV plants on flat terrain covered by vegetation or barren land. Over time, a notable trend in the installation of China’s PV plants has been the increasing preference for establishing larger ones in smooth terrain, with a focus on preventing damage to natural resources. The results reveal China’s optimization of PV plant site selection and construction strategies, aligning with global environmental goals and sustainable energy practices.
Co-axial hydrogel spinning for facile biofabrication of prostate cancer-like 3D models
Authors: Guimarães Carlos F , Liu Shiqin , Wang Jie , Purcell Emma , Ozedirne Tugba , Ren Tanchen , Aslan Merve , Yin Qingqing , Reis Rui L , Stoyanova Tanya , Demirci Utkan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Glandular cancers are amongst the most prevalent types of cancer, which can develop in many different organs, presenting challenges in their detection as well as high treatment variability and failure rates. For that purpose, anticancer drugs are commonly tested in cancer cell lines grown in 2D tissue culture on plastic dishes in vitro, or in animal models in vivo. However, 2D culture models diverge significantly from the 3D characteristics of living tissues and animal models require extensive animal use and time. Glandular cancers, such as prostate cancer—the second leading cause of male cancer death—typically exist in co-centrical architectures where a cell layer surrounds an acellular lumen. Herein, this spatial cellular position and 3D architecture, containing dual compartments with different hydrogel materials, is engineered using a simple co-axial nozzle setup, in a single step utilizing prostate as a model of glandular cancer. The resulting hydrogel soft structures support viable prostate cancer cells of different cell lines and enable over-time maturation into cancer-mimicking aggregates surrounding the acellular core. The biofabricated cancer mimicking structures are then used as a model to predict the inhibitory efficacy of the poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor, Talazoparib, and the antiandrogen drug, Enzalutamide, in the growth of the cancer cell layer. Our results show that the obtained hydrogel constructs can be adapted to quickly obtain 3D cancer models which combine 3D physiological architectures with high-throughput screening to detect and optimize anti-cancer drugs in prostate and potentially other glandular cancer types.
Effect of depth ratio on Faraday instability in a binary liquid system
Authors: Choudhary K P , Das S P , Tiwari Shaligram 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The response of two incompressible and immiscible liquids of comparable densities at different depth ratios in a rectangular container subject to parametric sinusoidal forcing, similar to Faraday waves, has been considered in the present study. The effect of various depth ratios on the instability threshold and the flow field are investigated for (0, 2) and (0, 4) modes. Numerical simulation has been performed using OpenFOAM to solve Navier-Stokes equations. A source term is added in the interFoam module of OpenFOAM to take the effect of the oscillating container without using any dynamic mesh function. The threshold amplitude and wavenumbers are validated following the linear Floquet analysis of Kumar and Tuckerman (1994 J. Fluid Mech.
279 49–68). The Floquet analysis showed a substantial shift in natural frequency (reduction) and an increase in threshold amplitude when the interface is in close proximity to the wall. The response amplitude follows a square law with the forcing amplitude for all the depth ratios considered in the present study. The wave amplitude response above the threshold curve is found to be an exponential function of liquid depths and forcing parameters.
A review on the types of nanomaterials and methodologies used for the development of biosensors
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Sagayam K Martin , Haldar Dibyajyoti , Anton Jone A Amir , Acharya Biswaranjan , Gerogiannis Vassilis C , Kanavos Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Biosensors have gained significant attention in various fields such as food processing, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. With the continuous advancements in research and technology, a wide variety of biosensors are being developed to cater to diverse applications. However, the effective development of nanobiosensors, particularly the synthesis of nanomaterials, remains a crucial step. Many nanobiosensors face challenges related to instability and selectivity, making it difficult to achieve proper packaging. While some biosensors have been successfully implemented in commercial settings, there is a pressing need to address their limitations and advance their capabilities. The next generation of biosensors, based on nanomaterials, holds promise in overcoming these challenges and enhancing the overall performance of biosensor devices. The commercial viability of these biosensors will rely on their accuracy, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This review paper provides an overview of various types of nanomaterials and their applications in the development of nanobiosensors. The paper highlights a comparison of different nanomaterial-based biosensors, discussing their advantages, limitations, and performance characteristics.
Modeling and solving for vibration and buckling of circular functionally graded dielectric plates reinforced by graphene platelets considering complex conditions
Authors: Zhang Jinghua , Cao Chenxi , Ma Liansheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The vibration and bucking behaviors of circular functionally graded (FG) dielectric plates reinforced by graphene platelets (GPL) under external electric fields are studied at the presence of many complex factors such as dielectric effect, pre-stress, gradient slope, imperfect bonding between GPL and matrix material, interface electron tunneling and Maxwell–Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization. Based on the effective medium theory and linear rule of mixtures, material properties of the GPL reinforced composites (GPLRC) are calculated. Dynamic differential equations of the circular FG-GPLRC dielectric plates are numerically solved by the differential quadrature method, and natural frequencies and critical loads are obtained. Trans-scale analyses for the influences of the volume fraction, geometric size, gradient distributed pattern and gradient slope on the percolation threshold, permittivity and the vibration or buckling characteristics are provided. Furthermore, variations of the natural frequencies and critical loads with electric field parameters, the pre-stress and thickness of the interphase layer are also discussed. Results show that the natural frequencies and critical loads of the plates can be changed artificially and effectively by adjusting the external electric field, pre-stress and the parameters of GPL. The larger the diameter to thickness ratio of GPL, the bigger the equivalent permittivity and the smaller the percolation threshold. When the volume fractions of GPL are less than the threshold, the mechanical properties dominate the vibration and buckling. However, when the volume fractions are bigger than the threshold, the electrical properties have significant influences. Therefore, higher macro mechanical properties can be obtained by changing the microstructure of the materials.