bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Source‐To‐Sink Processes on the Dispersal, Fractionation, and Deposition of Magnetic Minerals in a Tropical Mesotidal Estuarine System
Authors: Badesab Firoz , Kadam Nitin , Gullapalli Sriram , Dewangan Pawan , Gaikwad Virsen , Satelkar Narayan , Khalap Sadashiv , Venkateshwarlu Mamilla , Sahoo Rakesh Kumar , Fernandes Walsh , Dahake Piyush , Banerjee Deblina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to elucidate the control of source‐to‐sink processes on the sediment dynamics of a complex mesotidal tropical estuarine system using rock magnetic, sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical methods. Integration of multiproxy data of catchment rocks, riverbank and hinterland soils, and bedload sediments from various depositional environment of Mandovi estuary revealed a marked change in the magnetic mineral composition and accumulation pattern. The magnetic mineralogy mainly comprised ferri‐ (magnetite, titanomagnetite) and antiferromagnetic (hematite, goethite) minerals. Higher accumulation of coarser magnetic particles in the catchment area followed by a systematic trend of progressive fining of magnetic grain size in the down reaches of the estuary can be attributed to the decrease in transport energy. Enhanced accumulation of coarser magnetic particles in the estuarine region can be reconciled with the strong tidal and wave‐induced bottom currents, which preferentially favored mineral‐density selective fractionation resulting in higher deposition of heavy (magnetic) particles. A clear trend of loss of fluvial‐derived fine silt‐size clastic sediments and selective retention of coarser and heavy magnetic particles within the estuary can be attributed to the hydrodynamic driven sediment partitioning regime, which inhibited the permanent settling of fine sediment fraction and are therefore frequently flushed out to the sea. A marked drop in S‐ratio in different zones of the estuary can be linked to the increased input of high coercive magnetic particles derived from pedogenic soils along eroding riverbanks. We further demonstrate that the S‐ratio is an effective parameter to track the riverbank erosion in an estuarine system.
Intense Energetic Electron Precipitation Caused by the Self‐Limiting of Space Radiation
Authors: Olifer L. , Mann I. R. , Ozeke L. G. , Walton S. D. , Breneman A. W. , Murphy K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding intense electron precipitation is crucial for characterizing radiation belt loss and assessing related impacts on the atmosphere. We investigate the evolution of electron flux during an ensemble of 70 geomagnetic storms, focusing on equatorial and low‐Earth orbit observations of trapped and precipitating ∼30–100 keV energy electrons. We reveal that the most intense electron precipitation is associated with equatorial flux capping through self‐limiting processes, for example, as described theoretically by Kennel and Petschek (1966, https://doi.org/10.1029/jz071i001p00001). Our results indicate that the most intense electron precipitation is caused by electron injections associated with self‐limiting processes. Dawn side injections are observed to have fluxes that exceed the Kennel‐Petschek limit, consistent with the excitation of strong chorus waves and resulting in intense precipitation and return of the trapped flux to the Kennel‐Petschek limit. Our results clearly demonstrate the important role of self‐limiting processes in affecting the dynamics of newly injected electrons and driving intense electron precipitation.
Identification of Penetration and Disturbance Dynamo Electric Fields and Their Effects on the Generation of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA very challenging task in ionospheric studies is to determine the separate contributions of penetration and disturbance dynamo processes in the generation of equatorial plasma drift during magnetic storms. In this study, we analyze the ion drift measured by the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite during the magnetic storm on 15–16 July 2012. A unique feature of this storm is the exceptionally long period of continuous southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) for 32 hr. The storm‐induced net change of the meridional/vertical ion drift, the difference drift between the storm time and the quiet time, is derived during the storm main phase and the first 20 hr of the recovery phase with southward IMF. The difference drift during the recovery phase cannot be explained by the disturbance dynamo effect alone. A new method is used to separate the drifts caused by the penetration and disturbance dynamo processes. The penetration drift is represented by an empirical pattern of penetration electric field and depends on the IMF magnitude, and the disturbance dynamo drift is obtained by subtracting the penetration drift from the measured difference drift. The derived disturbance dynamo drift is in good agreement with previous statistical pattern. This is the first effort to identify the separate contributions of the penetration and disturbance dynamo processes to the total drift from observed data. The results have important implications in identifying storm‐time penetration and disturbance dynamo electric fields and their effects on the generation and evolution of plasma bubbles.
Annexin A5 derived from matrix vesicles protects against osteoporotic bone loss via mineralization
Authors: Su Guanyue , Zhang Demao , Li Tiantian , Pei Tong , Yang Jie , Tu Shasha , Liu Sijun , Ren Jie , Zhang Yaojia , Duan Mengmeng , Yang Xinrui , Shen Yang , Zhou Chenchen , Xie Jing , Liu Xiaoheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMatrix vesicles (MVs) have shown strong effects in diseases such as vascular ectopic calcification and pathological calcified osteoarthritis and in wound repair of the skeletal system due to their membranous vesicle characteristics and abundant calcium and phosphorus content. However, the role of MVs in the progression of osteoporosis is poorly understood. Here, we report that annexin A5, an important component of the matrix vesicle membrane, plays a vital role in bone matrix homeostasis in the deterioration of osteoporosis. We first identified annexin A5 from adherent MVs but not dissociative MVs of osteoblasts and found that it could be sharply decreased in the bone matrix during the occurrence of osteoporosis based on ovariectomized mice. We then confirmed its potential in mediating the mineralization of the precursor osteoblast lineage via its initial binding with collagen type I to achieve MV adhesion and the subsequent activation of cellular autophagy. Finally, we proved its protective role in resisting bone loss by applying it to osteoporotic mice. Taken together, these data revealed the importance of annexin A5, originating from adherent MVs of osteoblasts, in bone matrix remodeling of osteoporosis and provided a new strategy for the treatment and intervention of bone loss.
CamoTSS: analysis of alternative transcription start sites for cellular phenotypes and regulatory patterns from 5' scRNA-seq data
Authors: Hou Ruiyan , Hon Chung-Chau , Huang Yuanhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFive-prime single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has been widely employed to profile cellular transcriptomes, however, its power of analysing transcription start sites (TSS) has not been fully utilised. Here, we present a computational method suite, CamoTSS, to precisely identify TSS and quantify its expression by leveraging the cDNA on read 1, which enables effective detection of alternative TSS usage. With various experimental data sets, we have demonstrated that CamoTSS can accurately identify TSS and the detected alternative TSS usages showed strong specificity in different biological processes, including cell types across human organs, the development of human thymus, and cancer conditions. As evidenced in nasopharyngeal cancer, alternative TSS usage can also reveal regulatory patterns including systematic TSS dysregulations.
Climate change beliefs and their correlates in Latin America
Authors: Spektor Matias , Fasolin Guilherme N. , Camargo Juliana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ability of climate skeptics to block climate action depends on prevailing beliefs among the public. Research in advanced democracies has shown skepticism about the existence, the causes, and the consequences of climate change to be associated with socio-demographic features and political ideology. Yet, little is known about climate-related beliefs elsewhere. We address this gap by mapping beliefs in climate change and their correlates in Latin America. We show skepticism over the existence and anthropogenic origins of climate change to be limited, but identify a high number of skeptics around the severity of its consequences. Furthermore, we show skepticism to be correlated with psychological rather than socio-political factors: individualistic worldviews in particular drive disbelief in the severe consequences of climate change, a worrying finding in contexts where social trust is low. These findings offer a starting point for better addressing the constraining effects of climate skepticism in the Global South.
Improving the photovoltage of Cu2O photocathodes with dual buffer layers
Authors: Cheng Jinshui , Wu Linxiao , Luo Jingshan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising oxide material for photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC), and increasing its photovoltage is the key to creating efficient overall PEC water-splitting devices. Previous reports are mostly focused on optimizing the energy band alignment between Cu2O and the n-type buffer layer to improve the photovoltage of Cu2O photocathodes. However, the band alignment between the n-type buffer layer and the protective layer is often ignored. In this work, Cu2O photocathodes with a single buffer layer (Ga2O3) and dual buffer layers (Ga2O3/ZnGeOx) are fabricated, and their PEC performances are compared. Results show that after inserting the second buffer layer (ZnGeOx), the onset potential of the Cu2O photocathode increases by 0.16 V. Operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and analysis of the energy-level diagrams of each layer show that an energy level gradient between Ga2O3 and TiO2 is created when ZnGeOx is introduced, which eliminates the potential barrier at the interface of Ga2O3/TiO2 and improves the photovoltage of the Cu2O photocathode. Our work provides an effective approach to improve the photovoltage of photoelectrodes for solar water splitting by introducing dual buffer layers.
Cryo-EM structure of TMEM63C suggests it functions as a monomer
Authors: Qin Yuqi , Yu Daqi , Wu Dan , Dong Jiangqing , Li William Thomas , Ye Chang , Cheung Kai Chit , Zhang Yingyi , Xu Yun , Wang YongQiang , Shi Yun Stone , Dang Shangyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe TMEM63 family proteins (A, B, and C), calcium-permeable channels in animals that are preferentially activated by hypo-osmolality, have been implicated in various physiological functions. Deficiency of these channels would cause many diseases including hearing loss. However, their structures and physiological roles are not yet well understood. In this study, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the mouse TMEM63C at 3.56 Å, and revealed structural differences compared to TMEM63A, TMEM63B, and the plant orthologues OSCAs. Further structural guided mutagenesis and calcium imaging demonstrated the important roles of the coupling of TM0 and TM6 in channel activity. Additionally, we confirm that TMEM63C exists primarily as a monomer under physiological conditions, in contrast, TMEM63B is a mix of monomer and dimer in cells, suggesting that oligomerization is a regulatory mechanism for TMEM63 proteins.
Fabrication of robust and cost-efficient Hoffmann-type MOF sensors for room temperature ammonia detection
Authors: Wang Sa , Fu Yu , Wang Ting , Liu Wansheng , Wang Jian , Zhao Peng , Ma Heping , Chen Yao , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of fast-response sensors for detecting NH3 at room temperature remains a formidable challenge. Here, to address this challenge, two highly robust Hoffmann-type metal-organic frameworks are rationally applied as the NH3 sensing materials which possess ultra-high static adsorption capacity for NH3, only lower than the current benchmark material. The adsorption mechanism is in-depth unveiled by dynamic adsorption and simulation studies. The assembled interdigital electrode device exhibits low detection limit (25 ppb) and short response time (5 s) at room temperature, which set a record among all electrical signal sensors. Moreover, the sensor exhibits excellent selectivity towards NH3 in the presence of 13 other potential interfering gases. Prominently, the sensor can stably output signals for more than two months at room temperature and can be recovered by simply purging nitrogen at room temperature without heating. This study opens up a way for reasonably designing gas sensing materials for toxic gases.
Large composite fermion effective mass at filling factor 5/2
Authors: Petrescu M. , Berkson-Korenberg Z. , Vijayakrishnan Sujatha , West K. W. , Pfeiffer L. N. , Gervais G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe 5/2 fractional quantum Hall effect in the second Landau level of extremely clean two-dimensional electron gases has attracted much attention due to its topological order predicted to host quasiparticles that obey non-Abelian quantum statistics and could serve as a basis for fault-tolerant quantum computations. While previous works have establish the Fermi liquid (FL) nature of its putative composite fermion (CF) normal phase, little is known regarding its thermodynamics properties and as a result its effective mass is entirely unknown. Here, we report on time-resolved specific heat measurements at filling factor 5/2, and we examine the ratio of specific heat to temperature as a function of temperature. Combining these specific heat data with existing longitudinal thermopower data measuring the entropy in the clean limit we find that, unless a phase transition/crossover gives rise to large specific heat anomaly, both datasets point towards a large effective mass in the FL phase of CFs at 5/2. We estimate the effective-to-bare mass ratio m*/me to be ranging from ~ 2 to 4, which is two to three times larger than previously measured values in the first Landau level.
Metafiber transforming arbitrarily structured light
Authors: Li Chenhao , Wieduwilt Torsten , Wendisch Fedja J. , Márquez Andrés , Menezes Leonardo de S. , Maier Stefan A. , Schmidt Markus A. , Ren Haoran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStructured light has proven useful for numerous photonic applications. However, the current use of structured light in optical fiber science and technology is severely limited by mode mixing or by the lack of optical elements that can be integrated onto fiber end-faces for wavefront engineering, and hence generation of structured light is still handled outside the fiber via bulky optics in free space. We report a metafiber platform capable of creating arbitrarily structured light on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. Polymeric metasurfaces, with unleashed height degree of freedom and a greatly expanded 3D meta-atom library, were 3D laser nanoprinted and interfaced with polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers. Multiple metasurfaces were interfaced on the fiber end-faces, transforming the fiber output into different structured-light fields, including cylindrical vector beams, circularly polarized vortex beams, and arbitrary vector field. Our work provides a paradigm for advancing optical fiber science and technology towards fiber-integrated light shaping, which may find important applications in fiber communications, fiber lasers and sensors, endoscopic imaging, fiber lithography, and lab-on-fiber technology.
Adoptive macrophage directed photodynamic therapy of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection
Authors: Wang Zehui , Wu Anhua , Cheng Wen , Li Yuhe , Li Dingxuan , Wang Lai , Zhang Xinfu , Xiao Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria cause severe clinical infections and a high mortality rate of over 40% in patients with immunodeficiencies. Therefore, more effective, broad-spectrum, and accurate treatment for severe cases of infection is urgently needed. Here, we present an adoptive transfer of macrophages loaded with a near-infrared photosensitizer (Lyso700D) in lysosomes to boost innate immunity and capture and eliminate bacteria through a photodynamic effect. In this design, the macrophages can track and capture bacteria into the lysosomes through innate immunity, thereby delivering the photosensitizer to the bacteria within a single lysosome, maximizing the photodynamic effect and minimizing the side effects. Our results demonstrate that this therapeutic strategy eliminated MDR Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) efficiently and cured infected mice in both two models with 100% survival compared to 10% in the control groups. Promisingly, in a rat model of central nervous system bacterial infection, we performed the therapy using bone marrow-divided macrophages and implanted glass fiber to conduct light irradiation through the lumbar cistern. 100% of infected rats survived while none of the control group survived. Our work proposes an efaficient and safe strategy to cure MDR bacterial infections, which may benefit the future clinical treatment of infection.
Functional alterations of the prefrontal circuit underlying cognitive aging in mice
Authors: Chong Huee Ru , Ranjbar-Slamloo Yadollah , Ho Malcolm Zheng Hao , Ouyang Xuan , Kamigaki Tsukasa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExecutive function is susceptible to aging. How aging impacts the circuit-level computations underlying executive function remains unclear. Using calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulation during memory-guided behavior, we show that working-memory coding and the relevant recurrent connectivity in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are altered as early as middle age. Population activity in the young adult mPFC exhibits dissociable yet overlapping patterns between tactile and auditory modalities, enabling crossmodal memory coding concurrent with modality-dependent coding. In middle age, however, crossmodal coding remarkably diminishes while modality-dependent coding persists, and both types of coding decay in advanced age. Resting-state functional connectivity, especially among memory-coding neurons, decreases already in middle age, suggesting deteriorated recurrent circuits for memory maintenance. Optogenetic inactivation reveals that the middle-aged mPFC exhibits heightened vulnerability to perturbations. These findings elucidate functional alterations of the prefrontal circuit that unfold in middle age and deteriorate further as a hallmark of cognitive aging.
Extratropical forests increasingly at risk due to lightning fires
Authors: Janssen Thomas A. J. , Jones Matthew W. , Finney Declan , van der Werf Guido R. , van Wees Dave , Xu Wenxuan , Veraverbeke Sander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFires can be ignited by people or by natural causes, which are almost exclusively lightning strikes. Discriminating between lightning and anthropogenic fires is paramount when estimating impacts of changing socioeconomic and climatological conditions on fire activity. Here we use reference data of fire ignition locations, cause and burned area from seven world regions in a machine-learning approach to obtain a global attribution of lightning and anthropogenic ignitions as dominant fire ignition sources. We show that 77% (uncertainty expressed as one standard deviation = 8%) of the burned area in extratropical intact forests currently stems from lightning and that these areas will probably experience 11 to 31% more lightning per degree warming. Extratropical forests are of global importance for carbon storage. They currently experience high fire-related forest losses and have, per unit area, among the largest fire emissions on Earth. Future increases in lightning in intact forest may therefore compound the positive feedback loop between climate change and extratropical wildfires.
Checkpoint kinase 2 controls insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Chong Angie Chi Nok , Vandana J. Jeya , Jeng Ginnie , Li Ge , Meng Zihe , Duan Xiaohua , Zhang Tuo , Qiu Yunping , Duran-Struuck Raimon , Coker Kimberly , Wang Wei , Li Yanjing , Min Zaw , Zuo Xi , de Silva Neranjan , Chen Zhengming , Naji Ali , Hao Mingming , Liu Chengyang , Chen Shuibing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfter the discovery of insulin, a century ago, extensive work has been done to unravel the molecular network regulating insulin secretion. Here we performed a chemical screen and identified AZD7762, a compound that potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of a human β cell line, healthy and type 2 diabetic (T2D) human islets and primary cynomolgus macaque islets. In vivo studies in diabetic mouse models and cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that AZD7762 enhances GSIS and improves glucose tolerance. Furthermore, genetic manipulation confirmed that ablation of CHEK2 in human β cells results in increased insulin secretion. Consistently, high-fat-diet-fed Chk2−/− mice show elevated insulin secretion and improved glucose clearance. Finally, untargeted metabolic profiling demonstrated the key role of the CHEK2–PP2A–PLK1–G6PD–PPP pathway in insulin secretion. This study successfully identifies a previously unknown insulin secretion regulating pathway that is conserved across rodents, cynomolgus macaques and human β cells in both healthy and T2D conditions.
Pivotal avenue for hybrid electron transport layer-based perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency
Authors: Subudhi Poonam , Punetha Deepak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study conducted a simulative analysis of different hybrid perovskite solar cells with various hybrid electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL). The electron transport layer boosts durability, lowers production costs, increases stability, improves light absorption, and increases efficiency. Hybrid ETLs are taken into consideration to improve the device's performance. The selected hybrid ETLs (PCBM–SnS2, TiO2–SnO2, and PCBM–PCPB) were modeled with four hybrid perovskite absorbers (CsPbI3, FAPbI3, MAPbI3, and FAMAPbI3) and five HTLs (PEDOT: PSS, CuI, Spiro-OMeTAD, CBTS, and NiO). Three sets of solar cells are found to be the most effective configurations after investigating over sixty different combinations of perovskite solar cell architectures. The structures show CBTS as the efficient HTL for FAMAPbI3 with all three hybrid ETLs. Besides, a holistic analysis of the effect of several factors such as the defect density and thickness of the absorber layer, temperature, parasitic resistances, capacitance, Mott–Schottky, impedance, conduction band offset, and current density–voltage and quantum efficiency characteristics is performed. The results show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.57%, 26.35%, and 23.36% with PCBM–SnS2, TiO2–SnO2, and PCBM–PCPB respectively. Among the studied hybrid ETLs, perovskite solar cell associated with TiO2–SnO2 has depicted a superior performance (Voc = 1.12 V, Jsc = 26.88 mA/cm2, FF = 87.27%). The efficiency of the perovskite solar cell using this study has been drastically enhanced compared to the previous experimental report. The proposed strategy provides a new avenue for attaining clean energy and allows researchers to pave the way for further design optimization to obtain high-performance solar cell devices.