bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active P-Y Curves for Rigid Walls Supporting Granular Soil
Authors: Elchiti Imad , Saad George , Najjar Shadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the performance-based design of structures with basement floors, there is interest in quantifying the relationship between the lateral earth pressure and the wall displacement using p-y curves. This paper focuses on studying the development of active earth pressure behind rigid walls in the context of p-y curves. The study aims at characterizing the components of the p-y relationship and proposing a rigorous non-linear “at-rest to active” p-y model. To achieve this objective, walls with different heights retaining granular soils of different relative densities were modeled in PLAXIS 2D. Results indicate that active p-y curves are non-linear and are affected by the height of the wall, soil density, embedment depth, and the soil-wall interface friction angle. More importantly, results show that the p-y relationship for a frictional wall is a function of (1) the p-y relationship of an equivalent non-frictional wall and (2) the reduction in shear stress with displacement at the soil/wall interface due to friction. Results are used to derive a simplified hyperbolic p-y model for non-frictional walls and a bilinear model for the development of frictional shear stresses at the soil-wall interface. Validation experiments indicated that these simple models could provide realistic estimates of the p-y response of walls without the need for finite element analyses.
Research on the prediction method of SO3 in the emission flue gas of thermal power plant based on machine learning
Authors: Jiang Weiting , Wang Kai , Ge Tiancheng , Zhao Lei , Pan Weiguo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, many thermal power plants have adopted Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) denitrification technology. However, during the SCR process, Due to the denitrification reaction process will produce a certain amount of ammonia escape, the actual production operation, denitrification flue gas in part of the SO2 in the role of the catalyst is converted to SO3, and difficult to monitor.This paper proposes a migratory learning model based on the VGG16 network to predict the concentration of sulfur trioxide (SO3) in the flue gas of power plants. The model was validated using flue gas data collected from experimental power plants and compared with classical machine learning models. The results show that the migratory learning model outperforms the comparison models, providing a reference for using machine learning techniques to predict air pollution from power plant emissions.
Evaluating the environmental impacts of pretreatment and nanoparticles in solid-state anaerobic digestion using life cycle assessment
Authors: Ajayi-Banji Ademola , Pourhashem Ghasideh , Rahman Shafiqur , Feng Iris (Xiaoyu) 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The yield of green energy from solid-state anaerobic co-digestion (SSAD) has recently been enhanced by incorporating innovative pretreatment methods and nanoparticles. However, the environmental consequences of employing new processes have not been fully examined. In this study, the environmental impacts of three high-methane-yielding scenarios including SSAD of corn stover blended with dairy manure (DM) denoted as (SYM1), calcium hydroxide-pretreated corn stover (CpCS) blended with DM (SYM2), and the CpCS blended with DM and nanoparticles (SYM3) were assessed and compared the baselines of solid state and semi-solid-state anaerobic digestion using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The approach investigated the best management practices that would result in high methane yield and low environmental impact. Results of the life cycle assessment indicates the inclusion of calcium hydroxide and nanoparticle has minimal negative environmental impact. There was an environmental gain in GWP when corn stover was co-digestion with DM (SYM1) relative to DM mono-digestions (baselines) and the carbon footprint of SYM1 was less by more than 85% compared to SYM2 and SYM3. However, the large volume of untreated corn stover harnessed for SYM1 scenario resulted in over 75% fossil fuel depletion compared to the other scenarios. The surplus methane from the SYM3 (at least 2-fold of other scenarios and baselines) in conjunction with being the least with the environmental implication, makes the scenario the most attractive option for on-farm practice capable of harnessing the growing organic waste volume.
Complete resorption of the humerus in metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Xiajie , Chen Yeping , Zeng Daofu , Liang Rongyuan , Liao Zhidong , Wei Guizheng , Hao Wenjun , Lu William , Chen Yan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma is the commonest endocrinological malignancy. Bone metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is rare. Particularly, bone metastases leading to complete resorption of the humerus are extremely uncommon.
Case presentation We presented a case of a 67-year-old woman experiencing chronic pain at her right upper arm for five years. Clinical, radiological, and pathological evaluations have confirmed humeral metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma. Despite surgical treatment options like tumor removal or amputation, the patient pursued conservative managements such as herbal medicine, radioactive iodine (131I) therapy, and Levothyroxine Sodium (L-T4). However, the humeral destruction aggravated gradually, eventually leading to completely resorption of her right humerus. Currently the patient could not move her right shoulder while her forearm motion was almost normal. Thus, she could complete her daily living activities independently. She still opted for conservative managements such as radioactive iodine therapy and rejected any surgical treatment.
Conclusion This case underscores the complexities of diagnosing and managing bone metastasis in follicular thyroid carcinoma. A comprehensive review of relevant case reports further contributes to understanding this condition, emphasizing individualized and multidisciplinary approaches.. Our study provides critical insights into diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for bone metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma.
Analysis of robot specific operative time and surgical team anxiety level and its effect on alignment during robot assisted TKA
Authors: Londhe Sanjay Bhalchandra , Rudraraju Ravi Teja , Shah Ravi Vinod , DeSouza Clevio , Shetty Vijay , Khan Farheen Shehzad , Bajwa Supreet 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background:
Adapting to robotic assisted (RA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is hindered by the surgeon's fear of extra time. The main purpose of this study was to determine the robot's operative time, and the secondary goals were to assess the surgical team's anxiety, implant location and size, and limb alignment.
Methods:
From February to April 2022, 40 participants participated in a prospective research. The study included primary Cuvis joint active RA-TKA patients for end-stage arthritis, but conventional TKA patients, conversion of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to TKA, and patients with prior knee surgery were excluded. The active RA-TKA surgical time included surgeon-dependent and surgeon-independent/active robot time. The surgeon's anxiety was measured using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI). The implant size/position and limb alignment were checked by post-operative weight-bearing lateral, anteroposterior, and full-length scanograms.
Results:
Operative time specifically related to active RA-TKA was higher in the first 10 cases as against 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cases which was observed to lower from cohort 2. Similar trend was observed for the surgical team’s anxiety levels which seem to lower from cohort 2 (case 10–20). Cumulative experience of active RA-TKA showed no effect on the precision of implant alignment/ size, limb alignment and complications.
Conclusion:
The study showed progressive improvement in the surgical anxiety scores and reduction in operating time indicating the proficiency gained by the surgical team. Further no learning curve was involved for achieving the implant positioning and sizing, limb alignment with absence of complications.
The impact of eucalyptus and pine plantations on the taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the southern region of Ecuador
Authors: Guachizaca-Macas Jessica , Sanmartín-Vivar Karen , Marín-Armijos Diego 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study sheds light on the complex relationship between land use, biodiversity, and functional traits of dung beetles in Ecuador. The results indicate that the richness and abundance of dung beetles vary across land uses and regions, with forests generally having a positive impact and eucalyptus and pine plantations having a negative effect in certain areas. Specific indicators, such as Homocopris buckleyi for forest areas and Onthophagus curvicornis for eucalyptus plantations, have been identified. The study also found that functional diversity analysis, based on morphological traits, indicated that certain traits, such as biomass, pronotum width, head width, and elytra length, were significant contributors to differences in dung beetle communities across land uses and areas. This study highlights the potential conservation value of certain modified habitats and the importance of considering both taxonomic and functional diversity when assessing the impact of land use on the ecosystem services provided by dung beetles. It underscores the potential value of plantations as refuges for dung beetle communities and the importance of conducting long-term assessments to understand biodiversity changes over time.
Environmental Characterization of an Industrially Contaminated Area by Tetrachloroethylene Using the Resistive-Capacitive Method.
Authors: Barros Marina Fernandes Sanches , Elis Vagner Roberto , Dantas Letícia Rangel , Riyis Marcos Tanaka , Camargo Augusto Tolentino , Stangari Marcelo César , Ustra Andréa Teixeira 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Investigation of soil and groundwater contamination is essential for assessing environmental risks and monitoring remediation processes. Geophysical methods effectively map and characterize subsurface properties without requiring direct excavations. These methods provide data on geological structure, lithological changes, groundwater level, contaminant identification, and remediation process monitoring. Being non-invasive, they offer an advantage over drilling operations by avoiding the need for soil excavation. This reduces the risk of contaminant migration during investigation activities. The study area in São Paulo corresponds to a former industrial galvanization site where contamination by chlorinated solvents, especially tetrachloroethylene, occurred. Remediation measures such as pumping and treatment, multiphase extraction, soil/waste removal, and chemical oxidation were implemented in the area. The contaminant and remediation processes alter the geophysical signatures of the environment, enabling the use of the electrical resistivity method. However, applying this method can be challenging in urban areas due to pavement and urban interferences. The resistive-capacitive method was employed, allowing continuous data acquisition over large areas without the need to insert electrodes into the soil. Additionally, traditional electrical profiling and induced polarization were used to gather data at greater depths. The integration of geophysical methods with soil sample descriptions in liners provided an analysis of subsurface characteristics and affected areas. Although challenges exist in applying it to urban areas due to pavement and interferences, the electrical resistivity method can contribute to the Conceptual Site Model by filling data gaps between wells and delineating the contaminant's influence area and the chemical oxidation remediation process.
FISH and GISH reveal genome composition of popular Narcissus cultivars and the ways to breed them
Authors: Sun Yanni , Zeng Jie , Liu Siyu , Zhou Shujun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

There are thousands of Narcissus cultivars, however; their genome compositions are not so clear, except that their ploidy levels are extensively investigated. The present study analyzed eight popular cultivars using GISH or/and FISH. The present results clearly revealed their genome composition: ‘Bridal Crown’ was diploid (2n = 2x = 17 = 10 + 7 = AE) rather than aneuploid, ‘Jinzhanyintai’ was autotriploid (2n = 3x = 30 = 10 + 10 + 10 = AAA) rather than allotetraploid or hexaploid, ‘Tête-à-Tête’ was allotriploid (2n = 3x = 24 + B =10 + 7 + 7 + B = AEE), ‘Cultivar X’ was also allotriploid (2n = 3x = 24 = 10 + 7 + 7 = AEX), and ‘Dutch Master’, ‘Replete’ and ‘Queen's Day’ were all autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 28 = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = EEEE). Together with others reports, we concluded that ‘Tête-à-Tête’ was composed of one genome of N. tazetta, one genome of N. cyclamineus, and one genome of N. pseudonarcissus, and that ‘Pink Parasol’ was aneu-autotetraploid (2n = 4x + 2 = 30 = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 2 = EEEE+ 2) rather allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 10 + 10 + 5 + 5 = CCDD). Based on the cultivars’ genome composition and origin, it is concluded that distant hybridization, sexual polyploidization and chromosome doubling play different roles in breeding modern Narcissus cultivars.
Analysis of the evolution characteristics of infrared energy of coal samples under composite disturbance of dynamic and static loads
Authors: Shan Peng-Fei , Shi Yi-Wei , Lai Xing-Ping , Li Wei , yang tong , Li Chen-Wei , Yang Pan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Coal deformation and damage are the fundamental causes of mining disasters. This paper proposes an intelligent sensing method of infrared thermal imaging applied to the qualitative analysis of deformation and damage of coal mass during loading. A thermal infrared imager and crack monitoring equipment were used to jointly monitor the average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT) and damage pattern of coal samples under complex disturbances during uniaxial loading. The time-frequency characteristics of infrared radiation during the coal sample destruction process were analyzed; and a Mask R-CNN crack recognition model was constructed to detect different crack shapes after the coal sample was destroyed. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of coal samples under static load is greater than the combined disturbance of dynamic and static loads, the degree of deformation and damage of the coal sample is more severe, and the cracks are more obvious; the uniaxial compressive strength of low-frequency dynamic and static loads is higher than that of high-frequency dynamic and static loads Disturbance; proposed a DST analysis method for coal samples and a new index of coal sample damage. The research results can provide reference indicators for early warning of coal and rock deformation and damage.
Synthesis of recovery patterns in microbial communities across environments
Authors: Jurburg Stephanie D. , Blowes Shane , Shade Ashley , Eisenhauer Nico , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Disturbances alter the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Yet a generalized empirical assessment of microbiome responses to disturbance across different environments is needed to understand the factors driving microbiome recovery, and the role of the environment in driving these patterns.
Results
To this end we combined null models with bayesian generalized linear models to examine 86 time series of disturbed mammalian, aquatic, and soil microbiomes up to 50 days following disturbance. Overall, disturbances had the strongest effect on mammalian microbiomes, which lost taxa and later recovered their richness, but not their composition. In contrast, following disturbance, aquatic microbiomes tended away from their pre-disturbance composition over time. Surprisingly, across all environments, we found no evidence of increased compositional dispersion (i.e., variance) following disturbance, in contrast to the expectations of the Anna Karenina Principle.
Conclusions
This is the first study to systematically compare secondary successional dynamics across disturbed microbiomes, using a consistent temporal scale and modeling approach. Our findings show that the recovery of microbiomes is environment-specific, and help to reconcile existing, environment-specific research into a unified perspective.
Investigations on chemically synthesized pure and doped manganese dioxide nanoparticles for dye removal and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Chellappan Lingeswari , Thangaraj Balu , M Nagarajan , Gurusamy Vasuki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pure and Mg2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ doped MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. These samples were characterised by PXRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR, PL, Antibacterial, Cyclic Voltammetry, dye degradation and Photocatalytic studies. From the powder XRD studies, the crystallite size of the particle was calculated using Scherer formula and found that the synthesized nanoparticles were in the range from 10 to 12 nm. The morphology of all the synthesized samples was viewed from SEM micrograph. The composition and purity of the samples were identified from EDX studies. In FTIR spectra metal-oxygen stretching and bending modes of vibrations were observed. From the absorption spectra of UV-Vis optical analysis values of absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary part of optical dielectric constant and optical conductivity were compared. The energy band gap obtained from tauc’s plot shows semiconducting nature of the pure and doped samples. Investigations on photoluminecsence spectrum reveals blue shift in wavelength for doped nanooxides compared to pure MnO2. Antimicrobial activity of synthesised samples against gram positive and gram negative bacteria was determined. The obtained results reveal very high bacterial resistance in Cd2+ doped MnO2 nanoparticles. The specific capacitance values were determined from Cyclic Voltammetry studies. Using the batch method of dye removing technique the percentage of malachite green dye removal was calculated. Also the photocatalytic efficiency of all the synthesized MnO2 samples in removing malachite green dye was studied by exposing to sunlight for different dosage and contact time.
SFRP1 Decreases Wnt-Mediated M2 Macrophage Marker Expression in Breast Tissue
Authors: Gregory Kelly , Mason Holly , Casaubon Jesse , Schnieder Sallie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Wnt family of secreted proteins are involved in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. It has recently been shown that Wnt ligands promote M2 macrophage polarization and so we sought to determine the effects of a Wnt signaling antagonist, Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1), on M2 marker expression. We measured a murine M2 marker (Arg1) in mice with a targeted deletion of Sfrp1 during different stages of mammary gland development including puberty, pregnancy, and lactation, as well as in response to obesity. Next, to determine whether Wnt signaling/antagonism affects human M2 markers (CD209 and CCL18), we treated a human patient derived explant (PDE) breast tissue sample with exogenous Wnt3a in the presence and absence of rSFRP1. Finally, we expanded our PDE study to 13 patients and performed bulk RNAseq analysis following the treatment described above. We found that in loss of Sfrp1 in the murine mammary gland increased Arg1 expression. Moreover, we showed that Wnt3a increases CD209 and CCL18 mRNA and protein expression in breast PDEs and that their expression is decreased in response to rSFRP1. Our RNAseq analysis unveiled novel genes that were affected by Wnt3a treatment and subsequently reversed when rSFRP1 was added. Validation of these data exhibited that chemokines involved in promoting macrophage polarization and cancer metastasis, including CCL11 and CCL26, were stimulated by Wnt3a signaling and their expression was abrogated by treatment with rSFRP1. Our data suggest that SFRP1 may be an important mediator that tempers Wnt signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
Patient-Derived Spheroid Culture Models Are Better Than Monolayer Models in Chondrosarcoma Research
Authors: Ma Ruichen , Heim Tanya , Schoedel Karen , Weiss Kurt R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose Chondrosarcoma (CSA) are mesenchymal tissue-derived bone tumors. CSA mainly occurs in older people. CSA has demonstrated resistance to chemotherapy and radiation; complete surgical removal with negative margins is the only treatment option. In the case of metastatic CSA, the chance of survival is meager. Since the conventional two-dimensional cell culture models failed to retain tumor characteristics, developing preclinical models mimicking the disease with the highest fidelity is paramount for personalized treatments. Methods In this study, we established spherical cultured cells as new models for CSA. First, we demonstrated that CSA cells could form spheroids when cultured in ultra-low attachment plates. Next, tissue samples from CSA patients were collected and processed into primary cells, which were subsequently cultured as primary spheroids. The growth rate of primary spheroids was monitored and the histology of mature spheroids were characterized. These primary spheroids were used in drug susceptibility studies where traditional doxorubicin therapy and our novel disulfiram-copper therapy were tested. Results Compared with conventional monolayer cultures, spheroids better recapitulated the features of the in vivo tumor in the aspect of the formation of extracellular matrix. In the drug susceptibility study, spheroids demonstrated high resistance to the classic therapies, suggesting that monolayer cultures may give false positive results. Therefore, using spheroids for drug research and development in the CSA field should provide more accurate results. Conclusion In summary, our study of primary CSA spheroids brought new insight into their chemoresistance and demonstrated its potential for personalized treatment of CSA in clinical medicine.
Influence of confining pressure on rock fracture propagation under particle impact
Authors: Wang Man , Li Xing , Niu Zehua , Guo Xinhui , Zhang Shuo , Liu Shuaitao , Liu Yong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Revealing the influence of confining pressure on the propagation and formation mechanism of rock cracks under particle impact is significant to deep rock excavation. In this study, we conducted laboratory testing and numerical simulations to analyze the stress and crack field evolution in rock under particle impact. The results demonstrate that after particles impact, a fracture zone and intergranular main crack propagation zone are formed in the rock. The shear stress and tensile stress caused by compressive stress are the main reasons for the formation of the fracture zone, while the formation of the intergranular main crack propagation zone is mainly due to tangential derived tensile stress. The confining pressure induces prestress between rock particles such that the derived tensile stress needs to overcome the initial compressive stress between the particles to form tensile fractures. And the increase in the confining pressure leads to increases in the proportion of shear cracks and friction effects between rock particles, resulting in an increase in energy consumption for the same number of cracks. From a macroscopic perspective, the confining pressure can effectively inhibit the generation of cracks.