bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zirconium and Niobium Affect Human Osteoblasts, Fibroblasts, and Lymphocytes in a Similar Manner to More Traditional Implant Alloy Metals
Authors: Hallab NJ , Anderson S , Caicedo M , Jacobs JJ 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Implant debris remains the major factor limiting the longevity of total joint replacements. Whether soluble implant debris of Zr and Nb containing implant alloys constitute a greater risk than other implant metals remains unknown. We evaluated the relative effects of soluble forms of Zr+4 and Nb+5 (0.001–10.0 mM) relative to Cr+3, Mo+5, Al+3, Co+2, Ni+2, Fe+3, Cu+2, Mn+2, Mg+2, Na+2, and V+3 chloride solutions on human peri-implant cells (i.e., osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes). Metals were ranked using a 50% decrease in proliferation and viability to determine toxic concentrations. Lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts were, generally, similarly affected by metals where the most toxic metals, Co, Ni, Nb, and V required &lt;1.0 mM to induce toxicity. Less toxic metals Al, Cr, Fe, Mo, and Zr generally required &gt;1.0 mM challenge to produce toxicity. Overall, Co and V were the most toxic metals tested, thus Zr and Nb containing implant alloys would not likely be more toxic than traditional implant alloys. Below concentrations of 0.1 mM, neither Zr nor Nb reduced osteoblast, lymphocyte, or fibroblast proliferation. Zr was generally an order of magnitude less toxic than Nb to lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts. Our results indicated that soluble Zr and Nb resulting from implant degradation likely act in a metal- and concentration-specific manner capable of producing adverse local and remote tissue responses to the same degree as metals from traditional implant alloys, e.g., Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM F 138) and Co-Cr-Mo alloys (ASTM F 75).
Some Thoughts on the Neurobiology of Stalking
Authors: Meloy JR , Fisher H 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe authors examine the crime of stalking, including the cognitive traits, emotional reactions, attachment pathology, violence patterns and sex differences of samples of stalking offenders. They focus on two common types of stalkers: 1) those who sustain pursuit of a former sexual intimate who has rejected them; and 2) those who pursue a stranger or acquaintance who has failed to return the stalker's romantic overtures. The authors discuss data from neuroimaging (fMRI) studies of romantic love which suggest that these forms of stalking may be associated with heightened activity of subcortical dopaminergic pathways of the "Reward System" of the brain, perhaps in combination with low activity of central serotonin. The authors propose that this set of neural correlates may contribute to the stalker's focused attention, increased energy, following behaviors, obsessive thinking about and impulsivity directed toward the victim. To further explore the neural systems associated with stalking behavior, they also discuss several biopsychological phenomena associated with romantic rejection, including the "protest response," "frustration attraction," "abandonment rage" and "mate guarding." They illustrate the parallels between stalking and addiction. They conclude that stalking may be associated with a specific set of biological components and they offer suggestions for further research into this pathological emotional/motivational state.
Removing Interfering Contaminations from Gelatin Lifters
Authors: Shor Y , Tsach T , Wiesner S , Meir G 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Gelatin lifter is widely used for recovering shoeprints from crime scenes. Dusty shoeprints removed from paper with loose fibers, cloth or plasterboard, might be concealed by the detached fibers. A novel technique to clean the gelatin lifter from the interfering contaminations, using adhesive lifters, was developed. The adhesive lifter is applied directly on the surface of the gelatin lifter, and is removed instantly. The adhesive lifter removes the upper layer of the attached material on the gelatin lifter. After removing the concealing material from the hidden imprint, the quality of the visualized imprint is improved. The cleaning process can be applied as many times as needed and the optimum number is different for each substrate. The small dust particles comprising the shoeprint remained attached to the sticky side of the gelatin lifter even though the adhesion force applied by the adhesive lifter is great. Repeating the procedure too many times could harm the quality of the print severely, yet the advantages of this method are greater than the risks of relocation of image quality reduction.
Child Murder Committed by Severely Mentally Ill Mothers: An Examination of Mothers Found Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity
Authors: Friedman SH , Hrouda DR , Holden CE , Noffsinger SG , Resnick PJ 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Forensic hospital records of 39 severely mentally ill mothers adjudicated Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity for filicide (child murder by parents) were analyzed to describe characteristics preceding this tragedy and to suggest prevention strategies. Almost three-quarters of the mothers (72%) had previous mental health treatment. Over two thirds (69%) of the mothers were experiencing auditory hallucinations, most frequently command hallucinations, and half (49%) were depressed at the time of the offense. Over one third (38%) of the filicides occurred during pregnancy or the postpartum period, and many had a history of postpartum psychosis. Almost three-quarters (72%) of the mothers had experienced considerable developmental stressors, such as death of their own mother or incest. Maternal motives for filicide were predominantly "altruistic" (meaning murder out of love) or "acutely psychotic" (occurring in the throes of psychosis, without rational motive). Psychiatrists should perform careful risk assessments for filicide in mothers with mental illnesses.
Postmortem Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Lantz PE , Adams GGW 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy permits examination of the posterior fundus and peripheral retina even if there is less than perfect anterior segment media such as postmortem corneal clouding. Light directed through the decedent's pupil from a bright focal light source illuminates the fundus and reflected light from the retina is then projected out of the eye. An aspheric condensing lens positioned in front of the eye focuses the retinal image at the focal plane of the lens. The real inverted, laterally reversed image comprises a wide field of view permitting evaluation of the decedent's fundus for retinal hemorrhages and other lesions.
Corrected Procedure for Crack Length Calculation by the Unloading Compliance Technique for Charpy-sized Specimens
Authors: Džugan J 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The problems with crack length determination by the unloading compliance method are well known for Charpy-sized specimens. The final crack lengths calculated for bend specimens do not fulfill ASTM E 1820 accuracy requirements. Some investigations have been performed to resolve this problem by correcting the compliance value, but satisfactory results were not obtained. In the present work the measured specimen compliance was taken as a correct value and the calculation procedure was modified. On the basis of experimentally obtained compliances of bent specimens and optically measured crack lengths, a calculation procedure enabling accurate crack length calculation up to 5 mm of plastic deflection was developed. Applying the new procedure to a sample of 238 measured crack lengths, more than 80 % of the values fulfilled the ASTM E 1820 accuracy requirement, while the presently used procedure provided only about 30 % valid results. The newly proposed procedure also can be used prospectively in modified form for specimens other than Charpy-sized.
An Experimental Study of Monitoring Internal Leakage in Water Hydraulic Cylinders Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Chen P , Chua PSK , Lim GH 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
This paper studies experimentally acoustic emission (AE) to monitor internal leakage in modern water hydraulic cylinders. A series of experiments has been designed and carried out. Through these experiments, the background noise induced by the operation of a water hydraulic system is carefully determined, AE signals generated by a water hydraulic cylinder operating under different piston-sealing conditions are characterized, and AE signals generated by internal leakage in a water hydraulic cylinder are also characterized. The measured AE signals are analyzed using the power spectral density (PSD) technique. The results show that AE signals are sensitive to the internal leakage in a water hydraulic cylinder and are not affected by background noise. We conclude that AE can be used to develop an effective technique to monitor internal leakage in modern water hydraulic cylinders.
Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of trace impurities in high purity titanium and tungsten
Authors: Zaidi Jamshed H. , Fatima I. , Arif M. 
Published: September 2005

Summary
Rapid radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) procedures were developed and employed to the determination of 36 trace impurities in high purity titanium and tungsten. Anion–exchange column chromatography procedures were developed for the sequential group chemical separation of various elements, which helped in reducing the spectral interferences and improving the sensitivity of the method. The procedure is simple and requires a very short time to separate the elements in three groups for radiometric assay. To determine very low contents of uranium and thorium, 239Np and 233Pa as activation products were separated using anion–exchange and coprecipitation methods. The impurity contents were found to be low; therefore, their deleterious effects would be negligible.
Thermochromatography of 241Am and 254Es in chlorinating carrier gases
Authors: Eichler B. , Adams J. , Eichler R. , Gäggeler H. W. , Peterson J. 
Published: September 2005

Summary
Gas adsorption chromatography experiments were carried out with Es and Am in a temperature gradient tube using chlorinating carrier gas. From the observed deposition temperatures the adsorption enthalpies of AmCl3 and EsCl3 on the chromatographic surface (quartz glass surface, dynamically modified by the chlorinating carrier gases) were deduced for the first time. In good agreement, both the model of mobile adsorption and the Monte Carlo model resulted in:
Development of Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Appels Natalie M.G.M. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H.M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the potential mechanisms by which farnesyl transferases inhibit tumor growth.Explain possible mechanisms by which tumor cells may develop resistance to this class of agents.Discuss the scientific requirements for developing targeted cancer treatments that will actually be useful in patients.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Farnesyl transferase inhibitors are a new class of biologically active anticancer drugs. The exact mechanism of action of this class of agents is, however, currently unknown. The drugs inhibit farnesylation of a wide range of target proteins, including Ras. It is thought that these agents block Ras activation through inhibition of the enzyme farnesyl transferase, ultimately resulting in cell growth arrest. In preclinical models, the farnesyl transferase inhibitors showed great potency against tumor cells; yet in clinical studies, their activity was far less than anticipated. Reasons for this disappointing clinical outcome might be found in the drug-development process. In this paper, we outline an algorithm that is potentially useful for the development of biologically active anticancer drugs. The development of farnesyl transferase inhibitors, from discovery to clinical trials, is reviewed on the basis of this algorithm. We found that two important steps of this algorithm were underestimated. First, understanding of the molecular biology of the defective pathway has mainly been focused on H-Ras activation, whereas activation of K-Ras or other farnesylated proteins is probably more important in tumorigenesis. Inhibition of farnesylation is possibly not sufficient, because geranylgeranylation might activate K-Ras and suppress the effect of farnesyl transferase inhibitors. Furthermore, a well-defined proof of concept in preclinical and clinical studies has not been achieved. Integrating the proposed algorithm in future studies of newly developed biologically active anti-cancer drugs might increase the rate of success of these compounds in patients.
Targeted Therapies for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Tew William P. , Kelsen David P. , Ilson David H. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the epidemiology of esophageal cancer.Explain the current status of diagosing and treating esophageal cancer.Describe potential novel targets for new drug development in esophageal cancer.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm. In 2005, 14,520 Americans will be diagnosed with esophageal cancer, and more than 90% will die of their disease. On a global basis, cancer of the esophagus is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In fact, gastric and esophageal cancers together accounted for nearly 1.3 million new cases and 980,000 deaths worldwide in 2000—more than lung, breast, or colorectal cancer. Although esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases have steadily declined, the incidence of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma has increased 4%–10% per year among U.S. men since 1976, more rapidly than for any other cancer type, and parallels rises in population trends in obesity and reflux disease.
With advances in surgical techniques and treatment, the prognosis of esophageal cancer has slowly improved over the past three decades. However, the 5-year overall survival rate (14%) remains poor, even in comparison with the dismal survival rates (4%) from the 1970s. The underlying reasons for this disappointingly low survival rate are multifold: (a) ineffective screening tools and guidelines; (b) cancer detection at an advanced stage, with over 50% of patients with unresectable disease or distant metastasis at presentation; (c) high risk for recurrent disease after esophagectomy or definitive chemoradiotherapy; (d) unreliable noninvasive tools to measure complete response to chemoradiotherapy; and (e) limited survival achieved with palliative chemotherapy alone for patients with metastatic or unresectable disease. Clearly, additional strategies are needed to detect esophageal cancer earlier and to improve our systemic treatment options. Over the past decade, the field of drug development has been transformed with the identification of and ability to direct treatment at specific molecular targets. This review focuses on novel targeted treatments in development for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
Randomized Comparison of Epoetin Alfa (40,000 U Weekly) and Darbepoetin Alfa (200 μg Every 2 Weeks) in Anemic Patients with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Waltzman Roger , Croot Christopher , Justice Glen R. , Fesen Mark R. , Charu Veena , Williams Denise 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
This is the first randomized, open-label, multicenter trial designed and powered to directly compare the hemoglobin (Hb) response to epoetin alfa (EPO), 40,000 U once weekly (QW), with that to darbepoetin alfa (DARB), 200 μ g every 2 weeks (Q2W), in anemic patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy (CT). Transfusion requirements, quality of life (QOL), and safety also were evaluated. Adults with solid tumors scheduled to receive CT for ≥12 weeks and with baseline Hb ≤11 g/dl were randomized to receive either EPO 40,000 U QW (n = 178) or DARB 200 μg Q2W (n = 180) s.c. for up to 16 weeks. Doses were increased for nonresponders (Hb increase &lt;1 g/dl) after 4 (EPO) or 6 (DARB) weeks, as per National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, and were reduced for a rapid rise in Hb (&gt;1.3 g/dl [EPO] or &gt;1.0 g/dl [DARB] within any 2-week period) or for an Hb level &gt;13 g/dl. The proportion of patients achieving a ≥1-g/dl Hb rise by week 5, the primary end point, was significantly higher with EPO (47.0%) than with DARB (32.5%), and EPO-treated patients achieved a ≥1-g/dl Hb increase significantly earlier than those receiving DARB (median, 35 days versus 46 days). The mean increase in Hb from baseline was significantly higher at weeks 5, 9, 13, and the end of the study with EPO than with DARB. The number of units transfused per patient was significantly lower for the EPO group than for the DARB group. The proportions of patients requiring transfusions, mean QOL improvements, and tolerability profiles were similar in the two groups.
Laser Surface Modification of a Crystalline Al‐Co‐Ce Alloy for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Hoekstra J. G. , Qadri S. B. , Scully J. R. , Fitz‐Gerald J. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe surfaces of Al‐Co‐Ce bulk crystalline alloys have been successfully laser processed resulting in amorphous‐like surface layer formation with enhanced corrosion characteristics. The material system, Al84Co7.5Ce8.5, is one of several next generation alloy compositions scientifically designed to form a metallic glass under the proper processing conditions. This material system exhibits both local composition changes and enhanced corrosion resistance in comparison to their native counterparts.
Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation impairs verbal working memory
Authors: Desmond John E. , Chen S. H. Annabel , Shieh Perry B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPrevious functional magnetic resonance imaging and patient studies indicate cerebellar participation in verbal working memory. In particular, event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging showed superior cerebellar activation during the initial encoding phase of the Sternberg task. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging–guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to test whether disruption of the right superior cerebellum (hemispheric lobule VI/Crus I) impairs verbal working memory performance. Single‐pulse TMS was administered immediately after letter presentation during the encoding phase on half the trials. Sham TMS and a Motor Control task were included to test for general distraction and nonmemory‐related motor effects. Results showed no effects of TMS on accuracy, but reaction times (RTs) on correct trials were significantly increased on TMS relative to non‐TMS trials for the Verbal Working Memory and Motor Control tasks. Additional analyses showed that the increased RT was significantly greater for Verbal Working Memory than for the motor task, suggesting that the effect on working memory was not caused by interference with finger responses. Sham TMS did not affect RTs, indicating that the potentially distracting effects of the postencoding click did not contribute to the increase in RT. The observed effects from cerebellar disruption are consistent with proposed cerebrocerebellar involvement in verbal working memory. Ann Neurol 2005;58:553–560
No increase of calcitonin gene–related peptide in jugular blood during migraine
Authors: Tvedskov Jesper Filtenborg , Lipka Kerstin , Ashina Messoud , Iversen Helle K. , Schifter Søren , Olesen Jes 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIncreased calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) in external jugular venous blood during migraine attack is one of the most cited findings in the headache literature. The finding has not been convincingly reproduced and is based on comparison with historic control subjects. The validity of this finding is important for the understanding of migraine. We therefore investigated the issue using an intrapatient comparison design and two different CGRP assays. We sampled blood from the external jugular and cubital vein during, as well as outside of, an attack of migraine without aura. We succeeded in 17 patients, whereas only cubital fossa blood could be sampled in an additional 4 patients. CGRP was measured with the same assay as most previous studies (assay I) and furthermore with a more sensitive and validated assay (assay II). For assay I, mean CGRP concentration in external jugular venous blood during attack was 17.18pmol/L compared with 15.88pmol/L outside of attack. Mean difference was 1.81pmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.88, 6.41; p = 0.44). In peripheral blood during attack, CGRP was 16.86pmol/L compared with 17.57pmol/L outside of attack. Mean difference was −0.79pmol/L (95% CI: −4.64, 3.06; p = 0.69). For assay II, external jugular venous blood concentration of CGRP during attack was 32.59pmol/L compared with 30.59pmol/L outside of attack; mean difference was 2.00pmol/L (standard error, 2.39; 95% CI: −3.07, 7.07; p = 0.416). In peripheral blood during attack, CGRP was 33.37pmol/L compared with 31.84pmol/L outside of attack; mean difference was 1.53pmol/L (standard error, 1.90; 95% CI: −2.46, 5.51; p = 0.431). Thus, no difference between CGRP level in external jugular or cubital fossa blood during and outside of attack was found. No difference was found between external jugular and peripheral venous blood. Thus, previous findings of increased CGRP level in external jugular or cubital fossa venous blood could not be confirmed. Our finding strongly suggests that CGRP is not increased in jugular venous blood during migraine without aura. CGRP cannot be used as a biomarker to validate human or animal models of migraine. Ann Neurol 2005;58:561–568
Late‐onset MNGIE due to partial loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity
Authors: Martí Ramon , Verschuuren Jan J. G. M. , Buchman Alan , Hirano Ikuo , Tadesse Saba , van Kuilenburg André B. P. , van Gennip Albert H. , Poorthuis Ben J. H. M. , Hirano Michio 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP). All MNGIE patients have had severe loss of TP function and prominent plasma accumulations of the TP substrates thymidine (dThd) and deoxyuridine (dUrd). Here, we report for the first time to our knowledge three MNGIE patients with later onset, milder phenotype, and less severe TP dysfunction, compared with typical MNGIE patients. This report demonstrates a direct relationship between the biochemical defects and clinical phenotypes in MNGIE and supports the notion that reduction of dThd and dUrd accumulation or TP replacement could be useful therapy for MNGIE. Ann Neurol 2005;58:649–652