bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polaron effects due to interface optical‐phonons in wurtzite GaN/AlN quantum wells
Authors: Zhu Yao‐hui , Shi Jun‐jie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractConsidering the effects of the built‐in electric field (BEF) induced by the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations of wurtzite GaN/AlN quantum wells (QW's), the polaron energy shift and the effective mass due to the electron interactions with the interface optical‐phonons are investigated theoretically by means of Lee‐Low‐Pines variational approach. We find that the BEF has a remarkable influence on the polaron effects especially for a QW with well widthd> 6 nm. The polaron energy shift increases slowly and its effective mass approaches to a constant ifdis further increased. On the contrary, both the polaron energy shift and the effective mass decrease slowly with the increasing ofdif the BEF is ignored. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polarization behavior in systems with competing ferroelectric and antiferroelectric interactions
Authors: Milhazes J. , Lanceros‐Méndez S. , Cadilhe A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe dielectric hysteresis loop constitutes the main feature indicative of the properties of a ferroelectric material, but in complex systems with ferro‐ and antiferroelectric interactions, the hysteresis loops are often multiple. In the present work, we introduce a model based on the coexistence of ferro‐ and antiferroelectric regions, which can describe the aforementioned multiple loops. Based on our model, simulated multiple hysteresis loops are in good agreement with experimental results. Hysteresis loops obtained from our model are sensitive to the relative values of the ferro‐ and antiferroelectric coupling constants, domain size, and temperature. The model describes well systems without the presence of frustration as it is the case of BAxBP1–x. In the case of systems exhibiting frustration like e.g. Rbx(NH4)1–xH2PO4, we present a straightforward extension of our model. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Compton profile study of thulium
Authors: Malhotra H. , Heda N. L. , Ahuja B. L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFirst high‐precision measurement of the isotropic Compton spectra of thulium has been carried out, at an intermediate resolution of 0.40 a.u., using 137Cs as a γ‐ray source. For the interpretation of data, theoretical calculations were undertaken using renormalised‐free‐atom (RFA) and free electron models. It is seen that the RFA calculation with e––e– correlation gives a better agreement with the experiment. From our experimental and theoretical Compton profile data, we have also computed for the first time the cohesive energy of thulium and compared it with available data. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mössbauer scattering by superparamagnetic particles
Authors: Dzyublik A. Ya. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA theory of Mössbauer scattering by superparamagnetic particles with stochastically reversing magnetization is presented, where the mean time between reversals greatly exceeds the nuclear lifetime. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thomas–Fermi–Dirac calculations of valence band states in two p‐type delta‐doped ZnSe quantum wells
Authors: Rodriguez‐Vargas I. , Gaggero‐Sager L. M. , Martinez‐Orozco J. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe present the hole sub‐band structure study in two p‐type δ‐doped ZnSe QW's. An analytical expression for the Hartree–Fock potential is obtained following the lines of the Thomas–Fermi–Dirac (TFD) approximation. We have analyzed the dependence of the hole energy levels to the impurity density and the interlayer distance between wells. The exchange effects are also included in the present survey. We find that many body effects cannot be ignored because these are really important in the calculation at least in the low concentration regime. We have obtained an energy difference between the top of the valence band and the ground energy of the heavy hole ladder of meV in good agreement with the experimental reports ( eV) available. We calculate the mobility ratio between double δ‐doped QW's and simple δ‐doped QW based on a phenomenological formula. We find the optimum interlayer distance between wells for maximum mobility for three impurity concentrations, which can be of great importance for technological applications. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic properties of the nonstoichiometric Sr‐doped manganites
Authors: Trukhanov S. V. , Troyanchuk I. O. , Fedotova V. V. , Ryzhov V. A. , Maignan A. , Flahaut D. , Szymczak H. , Szymczak R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe chemical phase content, crystal structure, and magnetization for the doped anion‐deficient La1–xSrxMnO3–x/2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30) manganites have been studied. The samples undergo the structural phase transition from the O′‐orthorhombic to the rhombohedric unit cell at x > 0.10. As doping level and oxygen deficiency increase the samples show a number of magnetic transitions. In the region of 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 the samples are inhomogeneous ferromagnets while at x = 0.30 they are cluster spin glasses. The temperature of the magnetic moment freezing is ∼45 K. The concentration dependences of the spontaneous magnetization and coercivity as well as magnetic phase diagram have been constructed. The magnetic properties of the anion‐deficient Sr‐doped samples may be interpreted on the basis of competition of the positive Mn3+(6)–O–Mn3+(6) and negative Mn3+(5)–O–Mn3+(6) isotropic superexchange interactions and impurity phase separation models. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Application of Six Sigma to Reduce Waste
Authors: Bañuelas Ricardo , Antony Jiju , Brace Martin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSix Sigma has been considered a powerful business strategy that employs a well‐structured continuous improvement methodology to reduce process variability and drive out waste within the business processes using effective application of statistical tools and techniques. Although there is a wider acceptance of Six Sigma in many organizations today, there appears to be virtually no in‐depth case study of Six Sigma in the existing literature. This involves how the Six Sigma methodology has been used, how Six Sigma tools and techniques have been applied and how the benefits have been generated. This paper presents a case study illustrating the effective use of Six Sigma to reduce waste in a coating process. It describes in detail how the project was selected and how the Six Sigma methodology was applied. It also shows how various tools and techniques within the Six Sigma methodology have been employed to achieve substantial financial benefits. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural assignment of isomeric 2‐aminopyridine‐derivatized oligosaccharides using MSn spectral matching Yasuhiro Takegawa, Shinya Ito, Shinji Yoshioka, Kisaburo Deguchi, Hiroaki Nakagawa, Kenji Monde and Shin‐Ichiro Nishimura Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2004; 18: 385–391
Authors: Takegawa Yasuhiro , Ito Shinya , Yoshioka Shinji , Deguchi Kisaburo , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Monde Kenji , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2004; 18: 385–391
Investigations of cluster ions formed between cesium cations and benzoic, salicylic and phthalic acids by electrospray mass spectrometry and density‐functional theory calculations. Toward a modeling of the interaction of Cs+ with humic substances
Authors: Maria Pierre‐Charles , Gal Jean‐François , Massi Lionel , Burk Peeter , Tammiku‐Taul Jaana , Tamp Sven 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA concerted theoretical (density‐functional theory) and experimental electrospray mass spectrometry study was conducted on the formation of cesium cation adducts with small molecules taken as models of specific interactions sites in humic substances. Electrospray experiments with phenol, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and phthalic acid, in methanolic solution containing cesium nitrate, were performed using a quadrupole ion trap. The formation of positively charged mixed clusters, [Cs(CsNO3)n(CsA1)m(Cs2A2)p]+ (A1 = benzoate, salicylate, and hydrogenophthalate, A2 = phthalate), was observed. Calculations of structures and bonding energetics of Cs+ in simple adducts formed with NO, CsNO3, A−, AH, and CsA are reported. The observation of variable cluster stoichiometry (n, m and p values) was interpreted in terms of more or less favorable interaction energies between Cs+ and the neutral species constituting the clusters. Phenol did not form clusters in significant abundances, despite a strong calculated interaction between Cs+ and cesium phenolate. This was attributed to its weak acid dissociation in the electrospray solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for confirmation of chloramphenicol residues in milk after alfa‐1‐acid glycoprotein affinity chromatography
Authors: Gallo Pasquale , Nasi Antonella , Vinci Floriana , Guadagnuolo Grazia , Brambilla Gianfranco , Fiori Maurizio , Serpe Luigi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this work we present a method for confirmatory analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) in bovine and buffalo raw milk. CAP is extracted in acetonitrile and purified by affinity chromatography on an α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) column, then is identified and determined by ion‐trap liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) analysis in the negative ion mode. CAP was identified at the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of 0.30 ppb, by monitoring the [M–H]− ion and at least two product ions, meeting the qualitative and quantitative criteria set by the European Commission in Decision 2002/657/EC for confirmation of prohibited veterinary drugs. The trueness and within‐day and between‐day repeatability data are also reported. Moreover, the loading capacity of affinity columns towards CAP was tested. This method, based on the molecular recognition between drug and AAG during the purification step to improve sample cleanup, represents a quantitative and repeatable procedure for confirmatory analysis, and fits the requirements for the routine official control of CAP residues in raw milk. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Not only the tragedy of the commons: misperceptions of feedback and policies for sustainable development
Authors: Moxnes Erling 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe article summarizes key insights from four laboratory experiments to study renewable resource management. The commons problem, which is widely held to be the cause of mismanagement of common renewable resources, was ruled out by the design of the experiments. Still the participants overinvested and overutilized their resources. The explanation offered is systematic misperceptions of stocks and flows and of nonlinearities. The heuristics that people apply are intendedly rational for static, flow resources, but not for dynamic, stock resources. Simplifying and reframing the management problem, by focusing on net growth rates, is suggested as a means to foster the use of more appropriate heuristics. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of 1H NMR‐detectable mobile lipid domains for assessment of apoptosis induced by inhibitors of DNA synthesis and replication
Authors: Mikhailenko V.M. , Philchenkov A.A. , Zavelevich M.P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCell membrane rearrangements coincident with apoptosis may contribute to the increase in the ratio of methylene (CH2 at 1.3 ppm) to methyl (CH3 at 0.9 ppm) resonance signal intensity as observed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).We studied CH2 and CH3 resonances in cultured cell lines treated with etoposide and fludarabine or bioflavonoid quercetin. Etoposide treatment (10 μM, 18 h) resulted in 3.3 fold increase of the CH2/CH3 signal intensity ratio and 6.4 fold decrease in choline signal of MT4 cells. Incubation of Namalwa cells with fludarabine (3 μM, 72 h) increased the CH2/CH3 signal intensity ratio by 2.4 fold and choline resonance intensity was unchanged. Quercetin treatment (30 μM, 1.5 month) increased CH2/CH3 ratio by 2.1 fold. Necrotic cell death upon ethanol (20%) or DMSO (30%) treatment did not change the CH2/CH3 signal intensity ratio. 1H NMR‐based study of mobile lipid domains is sensitive for detection of early engagement into apoptosis.
A novel alkali‐tolerant Yarrowia lipolytica strain for dissecting Na+‐coupled phosphate transport systems in yeasts
Authors: Zvyagilskaya Renata , Persson Bengt L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe newly isolated osmo‐, salt‐ and alkali‐tolerant Yarrowia lipolytica yeast strain is remarkable by its capacity to grow at alkaline pH values (pH 9.7), which makes it an excellent model system for studying Na+‐coupled phosphate transport systems in yeast cells grown at alkaline conditions. In cells Y. lipolytica grown at pH 9.7, phosphate uptake was mediated by several kinetically discrete Na+‐dependent systems that are specifically activated by Na+ ions. One of these, a low‐affinity transporter, operated at high‐phosphate concentrations. The other two, derepressible, high‐affinity, high‐capacity systems, functioned during phosphate starvation. Both H+‐ and Na+‐coupled high‐affinity phosphate transport systems of Y. lipolytica cells were under the dual control of the prevailing extracellular phosphate concentrations and pH values. The contribution of the Na+/Pi‐cotransport systems into the total cellular phosphate uptake activity was progressively increased with increasing pH, reaching its maximum at pH ≥ 9.
Do tagging experiments tell the truth? Using electronic tags to evaluate conventional tagging data
Authors: Bolle Loes J. , Hunter Ewan , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , Pastoors Martin A. , Metcalfe Julian D. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
For more than a century, scientists have used mark-recapture techniques to describe the spatial dynamics of marine demersal fish species in the North Sea. Although such experiments have provided extensive data sets, the information is limited to the date and position at release and at recapture. Furthermore, these data may be biased due to the distribution of fishing effort. Recently, electronic (archival) data storage tags (DSTs) have successfully been used to reconstruct the movements of free-ranging demersal fish between release and recapture. Data from DST experiments allow the calculation of fisheries-independent migration parameters, and thereby provide a means of evaluating conventional tagging data. We compared the migration patterns of North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) as inferred from a database of twentieth century conventional tagging experiments (CT), with data from 132 plaice tagged with DST. In general, the CT experiments allowed a reliable interpretation of migration patterns, although for certain release areas the migration distances were biased due to the heterogeneous distribution of fishing effort.
Hyaluronidase versus Foley catheter for cervical ripening in high‐risk term and post term pregnancies
Authors: Surita F.G.C. , Cecatti J.G. , Parpinelli M.A. , Krupa F. , Pinto e Silva J.L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Foley catheter and hyaluronidase for cervical ripening.MethodRandomized controlled trial where 140 pregnant women, with gestational age ≥37 weeks, indication for labor induction and an unripe cervix, were enrolled, allocated in two groups according to the method of cervical ripening before labor induction. Statistical analysis used Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney, Chi‐square test, survival analysis, risk ratios and number needed to treat.ResultsTime of induction, dose of oxytocin and mode of delivery had better results in the Foley catheter group. Comfort with the method was higher in the hyaluronidase group.ConclusionsBoth methods were effective and safe for cervical ripening. The Foley catheter group experienced a shorter period of induction, required a lower dose of oxytocin and had higher vaginal delivery rates, while the women who used hyaluronidase declared greater comfort with the method.
Strain and excursion in the rat sciatic nerve during a modified straight leg raise are altered after traumatic nerve injury
Authors: Boyd Benjamin S. , Puttlitz Christian , Gan Jerylin , Topp Kimberly S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPurpose: This study investigated the biomechanics of the sciatic nerve with hind limb positioning in live and euthanized Sprague‐Dawley rats after traumatic nerve injury.Methods: With radiographic analysis, sciatic nerve excursion and strain were measured in situ during a modified straight leg raise, which included sequential hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. Comparisons were made between nerves in uninjured, sham‐injured and mild crush‐injured rats at the 7‐day and 21‐day recovery times.Results: Significant strain and proximal excursion of the sciatic nerve were observed in all groups during hip flexion, and additional increased strain was noted during dorsiflexion. Seven days after nerve injury, strain increased significantly during hip flexion (17.64 ± 14.12%;p = 0.0091) and dorsiflexion (22.56 ± 15.47%;p = 0.0082) compared to the sham‐injured controls. At 21 days after injury, the strains were similar between the injured and sham‐injured groups.Conclusions: Nerve bed elongation during straight leg raise causes sciatic nerve strain and excursion towards the moving joint with the greatest movement nearest the moving joint. In the first week after injury, the maximal strain exceeded the level previously shown to impair nerve conduction and circulation. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Studies using isolated uterine and other preparations show bimatoprost and prostanoid FP agonists have different activity profiles
Authors: Chen June , Senior Judith , Marshall Kay , Abbas Farhat , Dinh Helen , Dinh Tim , Wheeler Larry , Woodward David 
Published: January 2005

The pharmacology of bimatoprost, a synthetic prostaglandin‐amide, was examined in prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)‐sensitive preparations. Bimatoprost potently contracted the rabbit isolated uterus (pEC50=7.92±0.16). In contrast, bimatoprost exhibited weak excitatory activity in human myometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant donors, mouse uterus, rat uterus, and endothelium‐intact rabbit jugular veins, and did not stimulate DNA synthesis in mouse fibroblasts.
The possibility that the effects of bimatoprost may reflect partial agonism at prostanoid FP receptors was examined and the contractile effects of full agonists, 17‐phenyl PGF2α (FP) and U‐46619 (TP, a control), were determined in the absence and presence of 1 μM bimatoprost on the mouse uterus. Analyses of the agonist–agonist functional studies showed no antagonism, indicating that bimatoprost is not a partial agonist.
Bioassay metabolism studies of bimatoprost and latanoprost (FP receptor agonist prodrug) in the rabbit uterus were conducted using recipient mouse uterus. Results indicated that the potent responses to bimatoprost in the rabbit uterus are produced by the intact molecule and not by its putative free acid metabolite, 17‐phenyl PGF2α. Some hydrolysis of latanoprost to latanoprost free acid appears to have occurred in the rabbit uterus, according to biological detection.
The pharmacology of bimatoprost could not be explained by its interaction with known prostanoid FP receptors and was independent of species‐, tissue‐, or preparation‐related factors. The potent contractile effects of bimatoprost in the rabbit uterus provide further pharmacological evidence for the presence of a novel receptor population that preferentially recognises bimatoprost.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 493–501. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706044
Kir6.2‐dependent high‐affinity repaglinide binding to β‐cell KATP channels
Authors: Hansen Ann Maria K , Hansen John Bondo , Carr Richard D , Ashcroft Frances M , Wahl Philip 
Published: January 2005

The β‐cell KATP channel is composed of two types of subunit – the inward rectifier K+ channel (Kir6.2) which forms the channel pore, and the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1), which serves as a regulatory subunit. The N‐terminus of Kir6.2 is involved in transduction of sulphonylurea binding into channel closure, and deletion of the N‐terminus (Kir6.2ΔN14) results in functional uncoupling of the two subunits. In this study, we investigate the interaction of the hypoglycaemic agents repaglinide and glibenclamide with SUR1 and the effect of Kir6.2 on this interaction. We further explore how the binding properties of repaglinide and glibenclamide are affected by functional uncoupling of SUR1 and Kir6.2 in Kir6.2ΔN14/SUR1 channels. All binding experiments are performed on membranes in ATP‐free buffer at 37°C.
Repaglinide was found to bind with low affinity (KD=59±16 nM) to SUR1 alone, but with high affinity (increased ∼150‐fold) when SUR1 was co‐expressed with Kir6.2 (KD=0.42±0.03 nM). Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide all bound with marginally lower affinity to SUR1 than to Kir6.2/SUR1.
Repaglinide bound with low affinity (KD=51±23 nM) to SUR1 co‐expressed with Kir6.2ΔN14. In contrast, the affinity for glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide was only mildly changed as compared to wild‐type channels.
In whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments inhibition of Kir6.2ΔN14/SUR1 currents by both repaglinide and nateglinde is abolished.
The results suggest that Kir6.2 causes a conformational change in SUR1 required for high‐affinity repaglinide binding, or that the high‐affinity repaglinide‐binding site includes contributions from both SUR1 and Kir6.2. Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide binding appear to involve only SUR1.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 551–557. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706082
Responses of the sustained inward current to autonomic agonists in guinea‐pig sino‐atrial node pacemaker cells
Authors: Toyoda Futoshi , Ding Wei‐Guang , Matsuura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2005

The present study was undertaken to examine the responses of the sustained inward current (Ist) to β‐adrenergic and muscarinic agonists in guinea‐pig sino‐atrial (SA) node cells using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. Ist was detected as the nicardipine (1 μM)‐sensitive inward current at potentials between ∼−80 and +20 mV in the presence of low concentration (0.1 mM) of extracellular Ca2+, where the L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) was practically abolished.
β‐adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (ISO) in nanomolar concentrations not only increased the amplitude of Ist but also shifted the membrane potential producing the peak amplitude (Vpeak) to a negative direction by ∼15 mV without appreciably affecting potential range for the current activation. The stimulatory effect of ISO was concentration‐dependent with an EC50 of 2.26 nM and the maximal effect (96.4±22.9% increase, n=6) was obtained at 100 nM ISO, when evaluated by the responses at −50 mV.
Bath application of acetylcholine (ACh) significantly inhibited Ist, which had been maximally augmented by 100 nM ISO; this inhibitory effect of ACh was concentration‐dependent with an IC50 of 133.9 nM. High concentration (1000 nM) of ACh depressed basal Ist by 10.5±2.0% (n=3).
In action potential clamp experiments, Ist was also detected under control conditions and was markedly potentiated by exposure to ISO.
These results strongly suggest that Ist not only contributes to the spontaneous action potentials of mammalian SA node cells but also plays a substantial role in mediating autonomic regulation of SA node pacemaker activity.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 660–668. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706101