bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P0 protein is a target antigen in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Yan Wei Xing , Archelos Juan J. , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Pollard John D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is widely regarded as an autoimmune disorder, although the autoantigen remains unknown. In this study, the sera of 21 CIDP patients were examined by immunofluorescence for antimyelin activity and by Western blotting for binding to myelin proteins. Six sera contained anti‐P0 immunoglobulin G antibodies, and four of these caused conduction block and demyelination following intraneural injection in experimental animals. Absorption with P0 protein eliminated the demyelinating activity. These results show that P0 is an autoantigen in some patients with CIDP. Since P0 possesses powerful adhesion properties and is largely responsible for myelin compaction, the demonstration of demyelination by human anti‐P0 antibodies provides new insight into this important and common immunopathological process.
Pure representational neglect after right thalamic lesion
Authors: Ortigue Stéphanie , Viaud‐Delmon Isabelle , Annoni Jean‐Marie , Landis Theodor , Michel Christoph , Blanke Olaf , Vuilleumier Patrik , Mayer Eugène 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAfter a right thalamic stroke, an 86‐year‐old man presented an acute pure left representational neglect in the absence of any perceptual neglect. On spatial mental imagery tasks, the patient systematically omitted items located on his left side, but only when a vantage point was given. This suggests that (1) pure representational neglect is not just a residual finding after recovery from global (perceptual and representational) neglect; (2) space representation can be coded by two independent processes: in viewer‐centered or world‐based (allocentric) coordinates; and (3) the right thalamus serves as a relay in the processing of spatial visual imagery.
Early onset multisystem mitochondrial disorder caused by a nonsense mutation in the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome C oxidase II gene
Authors: Campos Yolanda , García‐Redondo Alberto , Fernández‐Moreno Miguel A. , Martínez‐Pardo Mercedes , Goda Guillermo , Rubio Juan C. , Martín Miguel A. , Del Hoyo Pilar , Cabello Ana , Bornstein Belen , Garesse Rafael , Arenas Joaquín 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the first nonsense mutation (G7896A) in the mtDNA gene for subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in a patient with early‐onset multisystem disease and COX deficiency in muscle. The mutation was heteroplasmic in muscle, blood, and fibroblasts from the patient and abundantly present in COX‐deficient fibers, but less abundant in COX‐positive fibers; it was not found in blood samples from the patient's asymptomatic maternal relatives. Immunoblot analysis showed a reduced concentration of both COX II and COX I polypeptides, suggesting impaired assembly of COX holoenzyme.
Fluoxetine modulates motor performance and cerebral activation of patients recovering from stroke
Authors: Pariente Jérémie , Loubinoux Isabelle , Carel Christophe , Albucher Jean‐François , Leger Anne , Manelfe Claude , Rascol Olivier , Chollet François 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to determine the influence of a single dose of fluoxetine on the cerebral motor activation of lacunar stroke patients in the early phase of recovery, we conducted a prospective, double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐controlled study on 8 patients with pure motor hemiparesia. Each patient underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations: one under fluoxetine and one under placebo. The first was performed 2 weeks after stroke onset and the second a week later. During the two fMRI examinations, patients performed an active controlled motor task with the affected hand and a passive one conducted by the examiner with the same hand. Motor performance was evaluated by motor tests under placebo and under fluoxetine immediately before the examinations to investigate the effect of fluoxetine on motor function. Under fluoxetine, during the active motor task, hyperactivation in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex was found. Moreover, fluoxetine significantly improved motor skills of the affected side. We found that a single dose of fluoxetine was enough to modulate cerebral sensory‐motor activation in patients. This redistribution of activation toward the motor cortex output activation was associated with an enhancement of motor performance.
Irreversible brain creatine deficiency with elevated serum and urine creatine: A creatine transporter defect?
Authors: Cecil Kim M. , Salomons Gajja S. , Ball William S. , Wong Brenda , Chuck Gail , Verhoeven Nanda M. , Jakobs Cornelis , DeGrauw Ton J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent reports highlight the utility of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques to recognize creatine deficiency syndromes affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Reported cases demonstrate partial reversibility of neurologic symptoms upon restoration of CNS creatine levels with the administration of oral creatine. We describe a patient with a brain creatine deficiency syndrome detected by proton MRS that differs from published reports. Metabolic screening revealed elevated creatine in the serum and urine, with normal levels of guanidino acetic acid. Unlike the case with other reported creatine deficiency syndromes, treatment with oral creatine monohydrate demonstrated no observable increase in brain creatine with proton MRS and no improvement in clinical symptoms. In this study, we report a novel brain creatine deficiency syndrome most likely representing a creatine transporter defect. Ann Neurol 2001;49:401–404
α‐Amino acid: an effective ligand for asymmetric catalysis of transfer hydrogenation of ketones
Authors: Ohta Tetsuo , Nakahara Shu‐ichi , Shigemura Yasuhiko , Hattori Kouichi , Furukawa Isao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRuthenium complexes, prepared by mixing the potassium salt of α‐amino acids and [RuCl2(arene)]2, acted as catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones from 2‐propanol in the presence of KOH. For example, the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone from 2‐propanol was catalyzed effectively by the ruthenium complex prepared from potassium L‐prolinate and [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 to give (R)‐1‐phenylethanol in 72% yield with 81% ee. The yields and enantioselectivities of the product were influenced strongly by the structure of the α‐amino acidate ligand, arene ligand, and substrate, by the amount of additional base, and by the concentration of the substrates. The best enantiomeric excesses of the products was 92%, when 1‐tetralone was subjected to this reaction using a prolinated ruthenium complex bearing p‐cymene. Furthermore, the potassium salts of dipeptides were tested as a ligand for this transfer hydrogenation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of SiC and Si3N4coatings synthesized by means of inductive thermal plasma from disilane precursors
Authors: Bouyer E. , Schiller G. , Müller M. , Henne R. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of SiC (and/or Si3N4) in an inductive thermal plasma from liquid disilane precursor is described in this paper. One goal of the process presented hereafter is the valorization of a liquid disilane fraction, which is a by‐product of the silicone industry. The liquid precursor is atomized in the core of the thermal inductive plasma and decomposed in the high‐temperature zone. The coating grows on the substrate according to the thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The resulting synthesized materials are investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The composition of the material synthesized is studied as a function of process parameters, such as the plasma gas nature and its composition, the atomization gas flow rate and the plasma reactor pressure. Control over the composition of the synthesized material composition, as well as the coating microstructure, can be achieved by an appropriate adjustment of the experimental parameters. Nanostructured α/β‐SiC and α/β‐Si3N4can be synthesized successfully with such a thermal plasma process. The deposition rate reached with such a technology is more than 20 μm min−1, which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of the conventional CVD method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of soil properties on cadmium bonds to organic substances of spinach biomass
Authors: Pavlíková Daniela , Pavlík Milan , Vašíčková Soña , Száková Jiřina , Tlustoš Pavel , Vokáč Karel , Balík Jiří 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe main objective of this study was focused on sequential fractionation of spinach biomass, partial characterization of cadmium‐binding compounds and determination of the cadmium concentration in these fractions. Spinach was cultivated after application of sewage sludge on two soils of different properties and total cadmium content in a model pot experiment. Two non‐polar solvents (light petroleum and ethyl acetate), a polar solvent (methanol) and two solvent mixtures (methanol + H2O & H2O and methanol + H2O + HCl) were used in the extraction series. Isolated fractions were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The lower weight of light petroleum (aliphatic hydrocarbons), ethyl acetate (fatty acids), and methanol (carboxylic acids, mainly acids of citric cycle, pyrrole substances) fractions in sludge treatments compared with the controls showed that the metabolism of plant natural products was inhibited by toxins from sludge. The weight of methanol fraction was dominant for all treatments. The cadmium determined in these fractions was low. The majority of cadmium was found in the methanol + H2O & H2O (oligopeptides, mainly phytochelatins, extractable polypeptides, proteins) and methanol + H2O + HCl (compounds isolated from cell walls and cytoskeleton after hydrolysis) fractions. The effect of toxin stress only appears to be on the quantity of substances, as there is no qualitative change observed in the isolated fractions (measured values of IR spectra bands did not differ for treatments tested). The application of sequential analysis for spinach biomass extraction makes it possible to investigate the complex effects of cadmium and other toxins on plant metabolism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte complex
Authors: Nge Thi Thi , Yamaguchi Makiko , Hori Naruhito , Takemura Akio , Ono Hirokuni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complex based on chitosan and acrylic acid monomer by photoinitiated free‐radical polymerization in the absence of crosslinker showed a large transition in swelling in response to changes in pH of surrounding medium. Their ability to swell arises from polyelectrolyte interactions and molecular structure of the complex. The main properties of interest that related to the molecular structure, swelling volumes, glass transition temperature, and elastic modulus of the complex were investigated. The effect of water content, the only variable in the sample component, played an important role in molecular structure of the complex and as a consequence, the extent of intermolecular linkage, especially amide bonds which in turn governed the degree of swelling of the polyelectrolyte complex in this study. The decreased degree of swelling and higher temperature shift of glass transition temperature was found with increased water content, whereas increased modulus of elasticity of dry complex was found in lower water content of synthesis component. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1025–1035, 2002
Influence of temperature, molecular weight, and molecular weight dispersity on the surface tension of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene. II. Theoretical
Authors: Demarquette Nicole Raymonde , Moreira José Carlos , Shimizu Renato Norio , Samara Mazen , Kamal Musa R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental data for the surface tension of polystyrenes of different molecular weights (3400–200,000) and different molecular weight dispersities (1–3) and of different polyolefins are compared with the predictions of the Patterson–Rastogi and Dee–Sauer cell theories, which infer the surface tension from pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) data. PVT data for these polymers were obtained from the literature and experimentally and are fitted to the Flory–Orwoll–Vrij equation of state. Both theories predict that the surface tension will decrease linearly with increasing temperature and increase with molecular weight, thereby corroborating the experimental data. However, both theories underestimate the entropy change in the surface formation per unit area at a constant volume for low molecular weight and polydisperse systems and underestimate the effect of molecular weight dispersity on surface tension. Both theories feature two parameters, m and b, that quantify the enthalpic and entropic contributions to surface tension. The theoretical predictions are fitted to the experimental data for monodisperse polystyrene (with a molecular weight above the molecular weight of entanglement), polypropylene, and linear low‐density polyethylene to quantify the enthalpic contribution to surface tension. b is then evaluated as a function of molecular weight and molecular weight dispersity and is found to decrease with increasing molecular weight and to increase with increasing molecular weight dispersity, showing that end‐group excess at the surface has some effect on surface tension. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2201–2212, 2002
Uniform‐sized clenbuterol molecularly imprinted polymers prepared with methacrylic acid or acrylamide as an interacting monomer
Authors: Masci Giancarlo , Aulenta Francesca , Crescenzi Vittorio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClenbuterol molecularly imprinted polymer microbeads were prepared with a two‐step swelling and thermal polymerization technique with either methacrylic acid or acrylamide (AAm) as the monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker at different monomer/crosslinker ratios. The quality of the microbeads, in terms of shape, size distribution, rigidity, and monomer incorporation, was evaluated as a function of the reaction parameters. A good imprinting effect was obtained with both systems, as assessed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments with phosphate‐buffered saline/acetonitrile eluents, with a complete baseline separation of clenbuterol with respect to other β‐adrenergic agents obtained. When AAm was used as the monomer, improved control of the polymerization process was achieved, producing microbeads with lower polydispersity and no lack of separation capacity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2660–2668, 2002
Coloring of radiation damages in ion‐implanted poly(aryl ether ether ketone): LiCl uptake and thermal desorption
Authors: Červená J. , Vacík J. , Hnatowicz V. , Švorčík V. , Kobayashi Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPoly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films irradiated with 2 MeV O+ and Ar+ ions to fluences in the range 1011–1013 cm−2 were treated with 5 mol/L LiCl aqueous solution at 100°C for 1 h. After removal of excessive, weakly bound LiCl the samples were annealed at temperatures from 50 to 250°C for 1 h to check the mobility of the incorporated LiCl. The amount of incorporated LiCl and its depth profile were determined using the neutron depth‐profiling (NDP) technique, which makes use of the 6Li(nth, 4He) 3H nuclear reaction. Up to the maximum annealing temperature no significant escape of the LiCl was observed. With increasing annealing temperature, a gradual migration of LiCl dopant toward the sample surface was observed on the irradiated PEEK samples. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2780–2784, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10253
SEM study of the growth of electrochemically obtained polythiophene thin films: Effect of electrolyte and monomer concentration in acetonitrile
Authors: Ugalde L. , Bernede J. C. , Del Valle M. A. , Díaz F. R. , LeRay P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe initiation of the electrochemical growth of polythiophene thin films was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), and mainly by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The films were deposited on SnO2‐coated glass in a classical three‐electrode cell. Depositions were done under pure argon atmosphere. Two electrolytes were tested, tetrabutyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate (Bu4NPF6) and tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate (Me4NPF6) in anhydrous acetonitrile. The effect of the electrolyte, and monomer and electrolyte concentration, on the film properties were visualized. These results are discussed with the help of the other characterization techniques. It is shown that for optimum concentration (0.05M monomer and 0.05M electrolyte), two processes are active, one three‐dimensional (3D) and one two‐dimensional (2D). When the monomer concentration is increased, a third 3D contribution is presently active. When the electrolyte concentration increases, there is some electrolyte crystal precipitation on the synthesized polymer films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1799–1809, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10291
Natural rubber–ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber covulcanization: Effect of reinforcing fillers
Authors: Kumar Arup , Dipak Ghosh , Basu Kumar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFilled covulcanizates of elastomer blend comprising natural rubber (NR) and ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) of commercial importance were successfully prepared by using a multifunctional rubber additive; namely, bis(diisopropyl)thiophosphoryl disulfide (DIPDIS). A Two‐stage vulcanization technique further improved the physicochemical properties of the blend vulcanizates by restricting, through the formation of polar rubber bound intermediates, the migration of curative and filler from lower to highly unsaturated rubber. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicate homogeneity and coherency in the morphology of the two‐stage vulcanizates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1001–1010, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10361
Solubilization of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds in reactive solvents
Authors: Kucharski Mieczysław , Głowacz‐Czerwonka Dorota 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA reactive solvent was obtained by reacting 1 mol of cyclohexanone with 5 mol of formaldehyde. The structure of the solvent was studied by using 1H‐NMR and IR spectroscopy. It was used for solubilization of melamine and other heterocyclic compounds containing NH groups, such as adenine, carbazole, cytozine, guanine, thymine, and uracyl, as well as isocyanuric, barbituric, and uric acids. The solubilization involved the reaction of formaldehyde (liberated at an elevated temperature) with amino groups of the compound. Melamine was the compound with the best solubility in the reactive solvent. Preliminary attempts of curing the solutions have also been made. The oligomers cured at 120°C in the presence of acidic catalysts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2650–2659, 2002
Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization. XVII. Influence of the surfactant on the mechanical properties and hydration of the films
Authors: Gauthier C. , Sindt O. , Vigier G. , Guyot A. , Schoonbrood H. A. S. , Unzue M. , Asua J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the context of a European union‐supported network on “Reactive Surfactants for Heterophase Polymerization,” different polymerizable surfactants (surfmers) have been synthesized and engaged in the emulsion polymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid. The thermomechanical properties of films cast from these different latices are reported in this article. The evolution of the mechanical properties with temperature and the effect of water molecules on these properties are studied. We observed that the studied surfactants do not influence the properties of the dry films. However, some differences due to grafting of reactive surfactants appeared when the films were wet. The amount of water uptake is drastically decreased when only reactive surfactants are present in the film. Concerning the mechanical behavior of the wet films, a decrease of the plastic flow stress is observed for all the samples whatever the nature of the surfactant (reactive or conventional). Hence, calorimetric measurements and dynamic mechanical analysis are used to identify the possible mechanisms that induce the change in the mechanical behavior of the latex films. In the case of reactive surfactant grafted to the polymer, the very low value of water uptake is accompanied by a plasticization of the polymer. In contrast, no plasticizing effect is observed in the case of nonreactive surfactant, even if the amount of water is very large. Finally, the tensile behavior of the styrene–butyl acrylate copolymer versus temperature is analyzed in the frame of the quasi point defects (qpd) model. Both rubber elasticity and chain orientation effects are taken into account to describe the behavior laws at large extensions (i.e., ϵ ≈ 1.2). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1686–1700, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10548
Kinetics and mechanism of grafting of crotonic acid onto acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer
Authors: Zhou Z. F. , Huang H. , Liu N. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe grafting of crotonic acid onto acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene terpolymer (ABS) was initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in 1,2‐dichloroethane solution. The infrared spectra confirmed that crotonic acid was successfully grafted onto ABS backbone. The influences of the concentration of crotonic acid, BPO, and ABS on grafting were studied. The graft occurred at the butadiene region of ABS. A reaction mechanism was proposed: the grafting most likely took place by cross‐termination of poly(crotonic acid) radicals with ABS macroradicals. The initial rate of grafting could be written as: Rp = 2.02 × 10−4[P][M] 2[I2]0.5/([M] + 1.05[P])2. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 726–733, 2002
Epoxidized natural rubber as a reinforcement modifier for silica‐filled nitrile rubber
Authors: George K. Mariamma , Varkey Jacob K. , Thomas K. T. , Mathew N. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHydrated silicas impart better physical properties to polar rubbers, compared to those of hydrocarbon rubbers. However, to achieve optimum properties silane coupling agents are crucial in such formulations. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in small proportions is used as a reinforcement modifier for silica‐filled nitrile rubber (NBR). Two systems of cure were used: N‐cyclohexyl‐ 2‐benzthiazyl sulfenamide (CBS) alone and in combination with diphenyl guanidine (DPG). In the CBS accelerated system, incorporation of an optimum concentration of about 15% of ENR on total rubber was found to improve technological properties. Addition of a secondary accelerator further improves these properties. Comparable results are obtained with those containing coupling agent and NBR–ISAF. High bound rubber and volume fraction values indicate a high polymer–filler interaction and gel content resulting from the NBR–ENR interaction. Results of this study reveal that ENR could be used as a reinforcement modifier for the NBR–silica system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 292–306, 2002