bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem-Solving Skills Training for Parents of Children With Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Zhou Tianji , Luo Yuanhui , Xiong Wenjin , Meng Zhenyu , Zhang Hanyi , Zhang Jingping 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceProblem-solving skills training (PSST) has a demonstrated potential to improve psychosocial well-being for parents of children with chronic health conditions (CHCs), but such evidence has not been fully systematically synthesized.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of PSST with parental, pediatric, and family psychosocial outcomes.Data SourcesSix English-language databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library), 3 Chinese-language databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang), gray literature, and references were searched from inception to April 30, 2023.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) that performed PSST for parents of children with CHCs and reported at least 1 parental, pediatric, or family psychosocial outcome were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisStudy selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Data were pooled for meta-analysis using the standardized mean difference (SMD) by the inverse variance method or a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses of children- and intervention-level characteristics were conducted.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe psychosocial outcomes of the parents, their children, and their families, such as problem-solving skills, negative affectivity, quality of life (QOL), and family adaptation.ResultsThe systematic review included 23 RCTs involving 3141 parents, and 21 of these trials were eligible for meta-analysis. There was a significant association between PSST and improvements in parental outcomes, including problem-solving skills (SMD, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.58), depression (SMD, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.66 to −0.23), distress (SMD, −0.61; 95% CI, −0.81 to −0.40), posttraumatic stress (SMD −0.39; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.31), parenting stress (SMD, −0.62; 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.19), and QOL (SMD, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.15-0.74). For children, PSST was associated with better QOL (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.04-1.47) and fewer mental problems (SMD, −0.51; 95% CI, −0.68 to −0.34), as well as with less parent-child conflict (SMD, −0.38; 95% CI, −0.60 to −0.16). Subgroup analysis showed that PSST was more efficient for parents of children aged 10 years or younger or who were newly diagnosed with a CHC. Significant improvements in most outcomes were associated with PSST delivered online.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that PSST for parents of children with CHCs may improve the psychosocial well-being of the parents, their children, and their families. Further high-quality RCTs with longer follow-up times and that explore physical and clinical outcomes are encouraged to generate adequate evidence.
Serpentine and Amphibole Asbestos [A Subset of Elongated Mineral Particles (EMPs)]
Authors: “Tony” Havics Andrew A. , Bernstein David M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe term asbestos refers to two very different minerals, serpentine and amphibole, occurring in fibrous form with very different mineralogical properties. Unfortunately, the term “asbestos” has been used loosely when, in fact, it has always been appropriate to discuss them separately. This chapter focuses on the key essential differences which result in very different toxicological and epidemiological responses to the fibers from these two minerals. In particular, it is discussed how a fiber's potency dictates the health risk, how the fiber's mineralogy affects biopersistence in the lung, and how fiber length determines how the lung responds to this characteristic. The differential toxicology is presented, as well as the epidemiology of these fibrous minerals. The regulations in the United Stated are also discussed. It is now convenient to use the term asbestos to describe a subset of elongated mineral particles (EMPs). Although the term has been discussed with potential differing definitions depending on the authors' purpose from 1979 to 2023, a popular working definition for EMPs is any mineral particle with a minimum aspect ratio of 3:1. This chapter will focus on the asbestos subset.
Gout in Native Hawaiian Patients in Hawaiʻi: Clinical Characteristics and Disparities
Authors: Chang Celia , Siu Andrea , Kimata Chieko , Sawada Haruki , Mak Victoria P. , Lim Sian Yik 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and health care use of Native Hawaiian and White patients with gout.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of Native Hawaiian and White patients with gout treated from 2011 to 2017 within a large health care system in Hawaiʻi. We compared demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and risk factors for gout. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictive factors of emergency department visits.ResultsWe identified 270 Native Hawaiian patients with gout and 239 White patients with gout. The Native Hawaiian patients were younger on average (54.0 vs 64.0 years; P < 0.0001) and had an earlier onset of disease (50.0 vs 57.0 years; P < 0.0001). Native Hawaiian patients with gout had higher mean (7.58 vs 6.87 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) and maximum (10.30 vs 9.50 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) serum urate levels compared to White patients with gout. Native Hawaiian patients with gout also had a greater number of tophi (median 2.00 vs 1.00; P < 0.0001). Native Hawaiians patients with gout were 2.7 times more likely to have frequent (≥1) emergency department visits than White patients with gout. Native Hawaiian patients with gout were less likely to have a therapeutic serum urate ≤6.0 mg/dL and had lower rates of rheumatology specialty care.ConclusionNative Hawaiian patients have a higher disease burden of gout, with earlier disease onset and more tophi. Native Hawaiian patients with gout are more likely to use emergency services for gout and have lower rates of rheumatology specialty care compared to White patients. Future studies are needed to promote culturally appropriate preventive care and management of gout in Native Hawaiians.
NG,NG‐Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Expression Is Dispensable for Cold‐ or Diet‐Induced Thermogenesis
Authors: Park Min‐Jung , Lee Junhyeong , Bagon Bernadette B. , Matienzo Merc Emil , Lim Sangyi , Kim Keon , Lee Chang‐Min , Wu Jun , Kim Dong‐il 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe strategy to activate thermogenic adipocytes has therapeutic potential to overcome obesity as they dissipate surplus energy as heat through various mechanisms. NG,NG‐dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) are enzymes involved in the nitric oxide‐protein kinase G signaling axis which increases thermogenic gene expression. However, the role of DDAHs in thermogenic adipocytes has not been elucidated. The adipocyte‐specific Ddah1 knockout mice are generated by crossing Ddah1fl/fl mice with adiponectin Cre recombinase mice. Adipocyte‐specific DDAH1 overexpressing mice are generated using adeno‐associated virus‐double‐floxed inverse open reading frame (AAV‐DIO) system. These mice are analyzed under basal, cold exposure, or high‐fat diet (HFD) conditions. Primary inguinal white adipose tissue cells from adipocyte‐specific Ddah1 knockout mice expressed comparable amounts of Ucp1 mRNA. Adipocyte‐specific DDAH1 overexpressing mice do not exhibit enhanced activation of thermogenic adipocytes. In addition, when these mice are exposed to cold environment or fed an HFD, their body temperature/weight and thermogenesis‐related gene and protein expressions are unchanged. These findings indicate that DDAH1 does not play a role in either cold‐ or diet‐induced thermogenesis. Therefore, adipocyte targeting DDAH1 gene therapy for the treatment of obesity is unlikely to be effective.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography with Hour‐Scale Duration after Single Low‐Dose Administration of Biocompatible Gadolinium Oxide Nanoprobe
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Han Bing , Ma Min , Zhao Yujie , Li Bingjie , Zhou Junzi , Wu Chao , Zhang Xuening , Pan Jinbin , Sun Shao‐Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLong‐term contrast‐enhanced angiography offers significant advantages in theranostics for diverse vascular diseases, particularly in terms of real‐time dynamic monitoring during acute vascular events; However, achieving vascular imaging with a duration of hours through a single administration of low‐dose contrast agent remains challenging. Herein, a hyaluronic acid‐templated gadolinium oxide (HA@Gd2O3) nanoprobe‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is proposed to address this bottleneck issue for the first time. The HA@Gd2O3 nanoprobe synthesized from a facile one‐pot biomineralization method owns ultrasmall size, good biocompatibility, optimal circulation half‐life (≈149 min), and a relatively high T1 relaxivity (r1) under both clinical 3 T (8.215 mM−1s−1) and preclinical 9.4 T (4.023 mM−1s−1) equipment. The HA@Gd2O3 nanoprobe‐enhanced MRA highlights major vessels readily with significantly improved contrast, extended imaging duration for at least 2 h, and ultrahigh resolution of 0.15 mm under 9.4 T, while only requiring half clinical dosage of Gd. This technique can enable rapid diagnosis and real‐time dynamic monitoring of vascular changes in a model of acute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis with only a single injection of nanoprobe. The HA@Gd2O3 nanoprobe‐enhanced MRA provides a sophisticated approach for long‐term (hour scale) vascular imaging with ultrahigh resolution and high contrast through single administration of low‐dose contrast agent.
Biohybrid Photonic Platform for Subcellular Stimulation and Readout of In Vitro Neurons
Authors: Kaspar Corinna , Ivanenko Alexander , Lehrich Julia , Klingauf Jürgen , Pernice Wolfram H.P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTargeted manipulation of neural activity via light has become an indispensable tool for gaining insights into the intricate processes governing single neurons and complex neural networks. To shed light onto the underlying interaction mechanisms, it is crucial to achieve precise control of individual neural activity, as well as a spatial read‐out resolution on the nanoscale. Here, a versatile photonic platform with subcellular resolution for stimulation and monitoring of in‐vitro neurons is demonstrated. Low‐loss photonic waveguides are fabricated on glass substrates using nanoimprint lithography and featuring a loss of only ‐0.9 ± 0.2 dB cm−1 at 489 nm and are combined with optical fiber‐based waveguide‐access and backside total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Neurons are grown on the bio‐functionalized photonic chip surface and, expressing the light‐sensitive ion channel Channelrhodopsin‐2, are stimulated within the evanescent field penetration depth of 57 nm of the biocompatible waveguides. The versatility and cost‐efficiency of the platform, along with the possible subcellular resolution, enable tailor‐made investigations of neural interaction dynamics with defined spatial control and high throughput.
Light‐Activatable MBD‐Readers of 5‐Methylcytosine Reveal Domain‐Dependent Chromatin Association Kinetics In Vivo
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Chen , Engelhard Lena , Söldner Benedikt , Linser Rasmus , Summerer Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract5‐Methylcytosine (5mC) is the central epigenetic mark of mammalian DNA, and plays fundamental roles in chromatin regulation. 5mC is dynamically read and translated into regulatory outputs by methyl‐CpG‐binding domain (MBD) proteins. These multidomain readers recognize 5mC via an MBD domain, and undergo additional domain‐dependent interactions with multiple additional chromatin components. However, studying this dynamic process is limited by a lack of methods to conditionally control the 5mC affinity of MBD readers in cells. Light‐control of MBD association to chromatin by genetically encoding a photocaged serine at the MBD‐DNA interface is reported. The authors study the association of MBD1 to mouse pericentromeres, dependent on its CxxC3 and transcriptional repressor domains (TRD) which interact with unmethylated CpG and heterochromatin‐associated complexes, respectively. Both domains significantly modulate association kinetics, arguing for a model in which the CxxC3 delays methylation responses of MBD1 by holding it at unmethylated loci, whereas the TRD promotes responses by aiding heterochromatin association is studied. Their approach offers otherwise inaccessible kinetic insights into the domain‐specific regulation of a central MBD reader, and sets the basis for further unravelling how the integration of MBDs into complex heterochromatin interaction networks control the kinetics of 5mC reading and translation into altered chromatin states.
Deep Characterisation of the sn‐Isomer Lipidome Using High‐Throughput Data‐Independent Acquisition and Ozone‐Induced Dissociation**
Authors: Michael Jesse A. , Young Reuben S. E. , Balez Rachelle , Jekimovs Lachlan J. , Marshall David L. , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Mitchell Todd W. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Ejsing Christer S. , Ellis Shane R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years there has been a significant interest in the development of innovative lipidomics techniques capable of resolving lipid isomers. To date, methods applied to resolving sn‐isomers have resolved only a limited number of species. We report a workflow based on ozone‐induced dissociation for untargeted characterisation of hundreds of sn‐resolved glycerophospholipid isomers from biological extracts in under 20 min, coupled with an automated data analysis pipeline. It provides an order of magnitude increase in the number of sn‐isomer pairs identified as compared to previous reports and reveals that sn‐isomer populations are tightly regulated and significantly different between cell lines. The sensitivity of this method and potential for de novo molecular discovery is further demonstrated by the identification of unexpected lipids containing ultra‐long monounsaturated acyl chains at the sn‐1 position.
Immobilized Tetraalkylammonium Cations Enable Metal‐free CO2 Electroreduction in Acid and Pure Water
Authors: Fan Jia , Pan Binbin , Wu Jialing , Shao Chaochen , Wen Zhaoyu , Yan Yuchen , Wang Yuhang , Li Yanguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides an efficient pathway to convert CO2 into desirable products, yet its commercialization is greatly hindered by the huge energy cost due to CO2 loss and regeneration. Performing CO2RR under acidic conditions containing alkali cations can potentially address the issue, but still causes (bi)carbonate deposition at high current densities, compromising product Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) in present‐day acid‐fed membrane electrode assemblies. Herein, we present a strategy using a positively charged polyelectrolyte—poly(diallyldimethylammonium) immobilized on graphene oxide via electrostatic interactions to displace alkali cations. This enables a FE of 85 %, a carbon efficiency of 93 %, and an energy efficiency (EE) of 35 % for CO at 100 mA cm−2 on modified Ag catalysts in acid. In a pure‐water‐fed reactor, we obtained a 78 % CO FE with a 30 % EE at 100 mA cm−2 at 40 °C. All the performance metrics are comparable to or even exceed those attained in the presence of alkali metal cations.
Lokaler Wassergehalt in Polymergelen bestimmt über superauflösende Fluoreszenzlebensdauer‐Bildgebung
Authors: Jana Sankar , Nevskyi Oleksii , Höche Hannah , Trottenberg Leon , Siemes Eric , Enderlein Jörg , Fürstenberg Alexandre , Wöll Dominik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWassermoleküle spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Struktur, Funktion und Dynamik von (Bio‐) Materialien. Ein direkter Zugang zur Anzahl der Wassermoleküle in nanoskopischen Volumina kann daher neue molekulare Einblicke in Materialien geben und eine Feinabstimmung ihrer Eigenschaften in anspruchsvollen Anwendungen ermöglichen. Die Bestimmung des lokalen Wassergehalts wurde durch die Entdeckung möglich, dass H2O die Fluoreszenz von rot‐emittierenden Farbstoffen löscht. Da deuteriertes Wasser, D2O, keine signifikante Fluoreszenzlöschung hervorruft, lässt sich über Fluoreszenzlebensdauermessungen bei unterschiedlichen H2O/D2O‐Verhältnissen die lokale Wasserkonzentration bestimmen. Wir kombinierten diesen Effekt mit der vor Kurzem entwickelten Fluoreszenzlebensdauer‐Einzelmolekül‐Lokalisierungsmikroskopie (FL‐SMLM), um die lokale Wasserkonzentration in Mikrogelen, d. h. weichen Hydrogelpartikeln, die aus einem in Wasser gequollenen vernetzten Polymer bestehen, nanoskopisch zu bestimmen. Die Änderung des Wassergehalts von thermoresponsiven Mikrogelen beim Übergang von ihrem gequollenen Zustand bei Raumtemperatur zu einem kollabierten Zustand bei erhöhter Temperatur konnte analysiert werden. Es wurde eine deutliche Abnahme des Wassergehalts festgestellt, die zu unserer Überraschung über das gesamte Mikrogelvolumen recht gleichmäßig war. In der Peripherie der gequollenen Mikrogele war die Wasserkonzentration um den Farbstoff herum nur geringfügig größer als in deren Zentrum.
Influence of flexible segment length on the phase structure and properties of poly(hexamethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)‐block‐biopolytetrahydrofuran copolymers
Authors: Paszkiewicz Sandra , Walkowiak Konrad , Irska Izabela , Rozwadowski Zbigniew , Dryzek Jerzy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo series of biobased poly(ether‐ester)s comprised of poly(hexamethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PHF) as the rigid segments and biopolytetrahydrofuran (pTHF) with different molecular masses (1000 and 2000 g/mol) as the flexible segments were synthesized employing polycondensation in the molten state. The study mainly focuses on comparing these two series in terms of the length of the flexible segment. The content of pTHF segments in the copolymer chains varied from 25 to 75 wt.%. The molecular structure and composition, phase structure, and thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). In addition, mechanical performance and thermo‐oxidative and thermal stability have been investigated. Moreover, cyclic tensile properties were studied to evaluate the elastic properties. 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies demonstrate that the syntheses were correctly carried out, which made it possible to obtain the desired compositions of the block copolymers with high molecular masses. The decrease in Tm1, Tc1, and XcPHF values was visible, along with the increase in the flexible segment content. Moreover, the characteristic properties measured by PALS and the values of temperatures designated from TGA (inert and oxidizing atmosphere) did not vary between copolymer series PHF‐b‐F‐pTHF1000 and PHF‐b‐F‐pTHF2000. In turn, along with an increase in flexible segment content and the length of the pTHF, the values of tensile modulus, stress at break, and hardness decrease, while the value of elongation at break increases.
The pre‐contact temple system of Hālawa Valley, Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Kirch Patrick V. , Swift Jillian , Ruggles Clive 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBuilding upon a pioneering 1909 survey of Moloka‘i Island heiau (temples) by archaeologist John F. G. Stokes, the pre‐contact temple system of Hālawa Valley is described and analysed. Ten heiau were relocated and mapped, with seven sites test excavated and radiocarbon dated. The majority of sites are terraces or terraced platforms in architectural form, ranging in size from 72 to 1300 square meters in basal area. Functionally, the temples include fishing shrines (ko‘a), agricultural or fertility temples (heiau ho‘oulu‘ai), and one luakini or temple of human sacrifice dedicated to the war god Kū. The orientations of the temple foundations appear to be deliberate (rather than dictated by topography). One group is slightly offset from cardinality and shows an eastward orientation, likely associated with the god Kāne. A second group exhibits an orientation to the ENE, which is the direction of the star cluster Makali‘i (Pleiades), whose achronycal rising determined the onset of the Makahiki season dedicated to the god Lono. The radiocarbon dates indicate that the temples were constructed during the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, or the Archaic States Period of the Hawaiian cultural sequence.
What are the success factors for schools in remote Indigenous communities?
Authors: Dillon Anthony , Riley Philip , Filardi Nicola , Franklin Alicia , Horwood Marcus , McMullan Jennifer , Craven Rhonda G. , Schellekens Melissa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndigenous Australian students generally attain poorer educational outcomes compared to non‐Indigenous students. However, some remote schools are challenging the status quo by providing schooling experiences where Indigenous students thrive. Using an Indigenous research paradigm and a comparative case study methodology, we conducted interviews with stakeholders from two different remote community schools where students were predominantly Indigenous. Recognising the limitations of assessing student success solely on westernised concepts of success, we adopted a strengths‐based approach. Using thematic analysis, qualitative data were analysed to yield themes that were sorted using a model of Indigenous wellbeing comprising five dimensions (academic, cultural, physical, psychological and social wellbeing). Responses from stakeholders (teachers, community leaders and students) show that success can be achieved when local culture is respected and incorporated into the curriculum by dedicated staff who maintain open communication with community. While both schools shared a largely common approach to Indigenous education, a hallmark was their responsiveness to local needs.
Lung adenocarcinomas with isolated TP53 mutation: A comprehensive clinical, cytopathologic and molecular characterization
Authors: Mendoza Rachelle P. , Chen‐Yost Heather I‐Hsuan , Wanjari Pankhuri , Wang Peng , Symes Emily , Johnson Daniel N. , Reeves Ward , Mueller Jeffrey , Antic Tatjana , Biernacka Anna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTP53 mutation is present in about 50.8% of lung adenocarcinomas, frequently in combination with other genetic alterations. However, a rare subset harbors the TP53 mutation alone.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing was performed in 844 lung adenocarcinomas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Fourteen cases (1.7%) showed isolated TP53 alteration and were subjected to a comprehensive analysis.ResultsThe average age at diagnosis was 65.7 years (range 48–79); 9 males and 5 females. All were smokers with an average pack‐year of 40.7 (range 10–70). Ten had metastases, mostly in the brain (n = 4) and pleura (n = 4). After a follow‐up period of up to 102 months, 9 died, 3 were alive free of disease, 1 was alive with disease, and 1 was lost to follow‐up. The median survival was 12.2 months. Most tumors exhibited poor differentiation, composed of solid sheets with moderate to severe atypia, increased mitotic activity, and necrotic background. Half were positive for TTF‐1 and showed p53 overexpression. PD‐L1 was positive in 5 cases. Most alterations were missense mutations in exons 5–8, and this mutation type was associated with p53 overexpression. Tumors with combined missense mutation and truncated protein had higher PD‐L1 expression along with a trend towards an increase in tumor mutational burden (TMB). CEBPA deletion of undetermined significance was the most common copy number alteration.ConclusionIsolated TP53 mutation was seen in association with smoking, high‐grade cytomorphologic features, adverse prognosis, and recurrent CEBPA deletions. These tumors tend to have strong PD‐L1 expression and high TMB, suggesting potential benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hence, the recognition of this molecular group has prognostic and therapeutic implications.