bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antioxidant activity from different yeast extracts
Authors: Vargas‐Ochoa Belem , Mejía‐Barajas Jorge , Clemente‐Guerrero Mónica , Manzo‐Avalos Salvador , Salgado‐Garciglia Rafael , Saavedra‐Molina Alfredo 
Published: November 2023

Antioxidants are substances that delay or prevent the oxidation of cellular oxidizable substrates. They are used in the food industry as additives. Lipid peroxidation is one of the most important cause of food spoilage, it has consecuences like off‐flavours and odours (rancidity), lost of colour and nutrients and the development of toxic compunds. Synthetic antioxidants are usually used as food additives by the food industry to prevent or delay lipid peroxidation of fatty foods. However, their application has been limited because of possible toxic and carcinogenic components formed during their degradation. In view of these health concerns, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in finding safer, more effective, economic and natural antioxidants, that can on the one hand, protect the human body from free radicals and retard the progress of many chronic diseases and, on the other hand, be useful in the food industry as food additives, to protect the food's quality without health risks. Most individuals have a positive image of yeasts because of their well‐known association with the production of bread and fermented beverages. For that reason consumers considered yeasts as safe source of ingredients and additives for food processing. Yeast constituents are considered as compounds of nutritional value to human and higher animals, furthermore, yeast synthesize bioactive compounds that can serve as antioxidants, for example glutathione. Yeast extract are concentrates of the soluble components of yeast cells and are generally produced by autolysis and plasmolysis. According to that background, in this work there were obtained 12 yeast extracts of 4 yeast strains, through three different methods. Yeast extracts obtained by autolysis showed the highest yield. In three of the five antioxidant activity assays, at least one SLP1 yeast extract showed higher antioxidative activity than the other obtained extracts. The extracts obtained by method 3 (plasmolysis) tend to have higher “in vitro” antioxidant activity than the ones obtained by autolysis.Support or Funding InformationCONACYT 169093 to ASM; CIC‐UMSNH 2.16 to ASM.
Delta and Gamma Tocotrienol Attenuate NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in J774 Macrophages via NFκB‐dependent Priming Inhibition
Authors: Buckner Teresa , Kim YongEun , Chung Soonkyu , Engel Megan 
Published: November 2023

Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an innate immune sensor that responds to cellular danger signals for the secretion of cytotoxic IL‐1β and IL‐18. NLRP3 inflammation activation is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including obesity and insulin resistance. Delta tocotrienol (dT3) is a structural isomer of unsaturated vitamin E that exerts anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative roles. In addition, dT3 is found in a highly purified form in nature. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of dT3 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We used J774 macrophages that stably express Gaussia luminescence‐based inflammasome reporter (iGLuc). To simulate microbial invasion and metabolic damage signals, LPS‐primed J774 cells were either stimulated with nigericin (Ng) or palmitate (PA). The pretreatment of dT3 effectively inhibits both Ng and PA‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation evidenced by reduced iGLuc luminescence, caspase‐1 cleavage, and IL‐1β and IL‐18 secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. To further determine the mechanism, we investigated the effects of dT3 on NFκB activation. dT3 pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS‐mediated IL‐1β, IL‐18 and Nlrp3 gene expression. Consistently, dT3 markedly inhibited IκBα cytosolic degradation and NFκB p65 translocation into nucleus. Collectively, these data suggest that dT3 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in J774 macrophages by inhibiting NFκB activation thereby blocking priming of NLRP3 inflammasome.Support or Funding InformationSupported by American Heart Association
Effects of a natural extract of Aronia Melanocarpa berry on endothelial cell nitric oxide production
Authors: Fromentin Emilie , Varela Claudia Elena , Roller Marc , Villarreal Francisco , Ramirez‐Sanchez Israel Elena 
Published: November 2023

Polyphenol‐rich diets are known to have a positive impact on nitric oxide (NO) production thus, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Aronia melanocarpa, also known as black chokeberry, has one of the highest content of phenolic components among various berries. We investigated the effects of acute and chronic treatment with Aronia extracts on NO production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in bovine coronary artery endothelial cells. Acute time‐course and concentration‐response experiments were performed to determine the time and concentration at which Aronia induced maximal NO synthesis and eNOS phosphorylation. The findings indicate that relatively low concentrations (0.1 μg/mL) of Aronia extract significantly induce NO synthesis and eNOS phosphorylation after 10 min of treatment. An increased sensitivity of eNOS and a significant increase in NO synthesis resulted from longer‐term stimulation with Aronia (48 hr) and an acute re‐treatment of the cells (10 min). These in vitro results may be translated into potential future clinical applications where Aronia extracts may be used for prevention and coadjuvant treatment of cardiovascular diseases via increases in endothelial NO synthesis and related improvements in vascular functions. Given the dose‐response effect of Aronia extract in vitro and metabolism of polyphenols that occurs in humans, dose‐response studies would be necessary to define the optimal daily amount to be consumed.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by NATUREX‐DBS
L‐carnitine intake and high trimethylamine N‐oxide plasma levels correlate with low aortic lesions in ApoE−/− transgenic mice expressing hCETP
Authors: Bellamine Aouatef , Collins Heidi L. , Drazul‐Schrader Denise , Sulpizio Anthony C. , Koster Paul D. , Williamson Yuping , Adelman Steven J. , Owen Kevin , Sanli Toran 
Published: November 2023

Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) plasma levels have been associated with atherosclerosis development in ApoE−/− mice. To better understand the mechanisms behind this association, we conducted in vivo studies looking at the effect of TMAO on different steps of atherosclerotic disease progression. Male ApoE−/− mice transfected with human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (hCETP) were fed L‐carnitine and/or methimazole, a flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) inhibitor that prevents the formation of TMAO. Following 12 week treatment, L‐carnitine and TMAO plasma levels, aortic lesion development, and lipid profiles were determined. High doses of L‐carnitine resulted in a significant increase in plasma TMAO levels. Surprisingly, and independently from treatment group, TMAO levels inversely correlated with aortic lesion size in both aortic root and thoracic aorta. High TMAO levels were found to significantly correlate with smaller aortic lesion area. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels did not change with treatment nor with TMAO levels, suggesting that the observed effects on lesion area were independent from lipid changes. These findings suggest that TMAO slows aortic lesion formation in this mouse model and may have a protective effect against atherosclerosis development in humans.Support or Funding InformationThis study has been supported by Lonza
Effect of Barley &[Beta]‐Glucan Consumption on Lipid Markers for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: a Systematic Review & Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zurbau Andreea , Ho Hoang Vi Thanh , Sievenpiper John L , Mejia Sonia Blanco , Jovanovski Elena , Au‐Yeung Fei , Jenkins Alexandra L , Vuksan Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundRecent interest in barley as a therapeutic food is driven by its high content of β‐glucan, a viscous soluble fibre known for its cholesterol lowering properties.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs investigating the cholesterol lowering potential of β‐glucan from barley sources on established clinical lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction: LDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C, and apoB.DesignMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. We included RCTs of ≥ 3 weeks duration assessing the effect of diets enriched with barley β‐glucan compared with controlled diets on LDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C, or apoB. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method with random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic.Results14 trials (N = 615) were included in the final analysis. A median dose of 6.5 and 6.9 g/day of barley β‐glucan for a median duration of 4 weeks significantly reduced LDL‐C (MD = −0.25 mmol/L [95% CI: −0.30, −0.20]) and non‐HDL‐C (MD = −0.31 mmol/L [95% CI: −0.39, −0.23]), respectively, with no significant changes to apoB levels, compared to control diets. There was evidence of considerable unexplained heterogeneity in the analysis of non‐HDL‐C (I2 = 98%).ConclusionsPooled analyses show that barley β‐glucan have a modest lowering effect on LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C. Inclusion of barley containing foods may be a strategy for achieving targets in cardiovascular disease risk reduction.Support or Funding InformationClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
Investigation of Ursolic Acid Supplement Purity
Authors: Sesatty Ana Lizbeth , Gao Xiaoli , Ullevig Sarah 
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTIONUrsolic acid (UA) is a phytochemical found in the waxy coat of a variety of fruits including apples and cherries, and in herbs like rosemary and thyme. A multitude of studies have shown UA administered to rodents provide health benefits in diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, liver disease, kidney disease, and neurodegenerative diseases, but the therapeutic effects in humans has yet to be investigated. A high purity UA supplement with a known quantity of UA would be required to conduct valid studies exploring the potential positive health benefits of UA in humans. Therefore, we investigated the dissolution, theoretical weight, and purity of UA supplements available for purchase in this study.METHODSFour oral UA dietary supplements containing UA from rosemary extract and one topical use UA spray were purchased from the internet for analysis. Oral UA dietary supplements were tested for disintegration using 37°C water and agitation for 45 minutes while observations were collected every 30 seconds. Percent of theoretical weight was determined by weighing the dietary supplement capsule and powder independently for comparison to the serving size listed on the Supplement Facts Panel. Purity of UA dietary supplements were tested by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS). Data‐dependent analyses were conducted using one full MS scan followed by six tandem MS scans with electrospray negative ion detection. UA dietary supplements were dissolved in either methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Quantitative results were obtained by reference of the experimental peak area ratios to the standard curve. UA from Sigma‐Aldrich was used to create the standard curve.RESULTS/FINDINGSBased on capsule weight, all UA dietary supplement capsules disintegrated within 6 to 7 minutes, meeting the dietary supplement disintegration requirements for rupture in less than 30 minutes. All capsulated supplements averaged 100% of the theoretical weight. When quantifying the amount of UA in the supplements by mass spectrometry, the supplements ranged from 14–49% UA and the topical spray contained 0.4% UA.CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONSAll tested UA dietary supplements passed the disintegration test, and thus are likely accessible for absorption when ingested orally, and provide the serving amount stated on the Supplement Facts Panel. The bioavailability of UA from these supplements needs further investigation. The highest dietary supplement UA content was 49%, but to study the effect of UA in humans, a more pure UA extract needs to be utilized in human studies to determine the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action of UA.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by UTSA College of Education and Human Development Faculty Research Award 2014–2015
Soluble Mediators Derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) Decrease Visceral Pain Hypersensitivity Induced by Early Life Stress
Authors: Neufeld Karen‐Anne McVey , O'Mahony Siobhain M , Waworuntu Rosaline V , Manurung Sarmauli , Gross Gabriele , Berg Brian M , Dinan Timothy G , Cryan John F 
Published: November 2023

Maternal separation of rat pups is a robust and reliable model of early life stress that induces long‐term alterations to behavior and brain neurochemistry. These changes are particularly apparent with respect to the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis where probiotic feeding has been shown to ameliorate some of these stress‐induced alterations. It is possible that biologically relevant products of probiotic metabolism are involved in such effects, and therefore could deliver the required benefits without requiring the live organism to be present. In this study the effects of a specific preparation of soluble mediators from the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were evaluated. Previously, immunomodulatory properties of this material have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Production conditions have been standardized with cultivation and downstream processing steps such as desalting, sterile filtration and lyophilization. The maternal separation protocol was conducted as described in O'Mahony et al., 2009. Rats were separated from their mothers for 3 hrs/day from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 12. Starting at weaning (PND 21), both non‐separated (NS) and maternally separated (MS) offspring were randomized into separate experimental groups and were provided drinking water with or without supplementation of LGG soluble mediators. Supplementation of the lyophilized materials was benchmarked to the number of LGG viable cells during cultivation to give a dose equivalent to a range from 1.3×108 to 4.3×108 viable LGG/animal/day throughout the study until PND 85. Visceral hypersensitivity was assessed with the colorectal distension test conducted at PND 79. There were no differences in body weight or water and food intake across groups. MS rats demonstrated visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension reflected by a lower pain threshold when compared to NS rats, which was ameliorated by the LGG soluble mediators (p=0.03). There were no differences in the number of observed pain behaviors between treatment groups. Interestingly, the increased pain threshold in rats that received LGG soluble mediators was not observed in animals that received unconditioned culture medium subjected to the same processing steps as the LGG soluble mediators. This indicated the presence of specific bioactives in the culture medium secreted by LGG during growth. In conclusion, administration of LGG soluble mediators in rats reversed the altered visceral pain sensitivity induced by MS. Further studies are needed to elucidate specific mechanism of actions related to gut and brain neurochemistry.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Science Foundation Ireland and Mead Johnson Nutrition.
Inulin Effect on Weight Loss and Associated Parameters with The Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Adults
Authors: Castro‐Sanchez Francisco Humberto , Ochoa‐Acosta Dora Alicia , Valenzuela‐Rubio Nancy Guadalupe , Dominguez‐Rodriguez Maribel , Fierros‐Valdez Jesus Antonio , Vergara‐Jimenez Marcela 
Published: November 2023

Obesity is one of the most concerning public health problems in Mexico and it has being associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A healthy diet has demonstrated to improve weight loss and blood lipids but also the inclusion of functional foods could be used. Inulin, a non‐digestible carbohydrate, has been shown to have the ability to promote weight loss and improve the lipid profile associated with CVD.The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of addition of inulin plus a moderate carbohydrate diet on weight loss and parameters associated with cardiovascular disease.Sixteen obese dislipidemic subjects were recluted and distributed in a double‐blind, crossover trial for 18 weeks with two eight‐week treatment periods (9g of inulin/day or 9g of dextrose/day as placebo), separated by a two‐week washout period.Anthropometric and lipid profile were recollected at the beginning and the end of each treatment. Both treatments significantly improve weight loss and others anthropometric parameters (BMI, Body fat and also waist and hip circumferences) without statistical difference between them. Inulin significantly increased HDL cholesterol (p<0.05) and tend to reduce triglycerides.Non‐significant changes were observed on Total and LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, we can suggest that the addition to inulin and a moderate carbohydrate diet tend to reduce cardiovascular risk by increasing HDL cholesterol and reduction of triglycerides concentrations.
Oral administration of hydrolyzed red ginseng extract improves learning and memory capability in cognitive‐decline models
Authors: JU SUNGHEE , Jang JinHo , Kim MinSun , Jeong GaIn , Seo HyeLin , Woo YaeJin , Lee Seung‐Kwon , Oh Jisun , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: November 2023

Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) contains various pharmacologically active constituents including ginsenosides. Recently we found that red ginseng extract has a strong antioxidant activity and that pectinase‐mediated hydrolysis augments its radical‐scavenging activity. In addition, the content of compound‐K, a bioavailable and bioactive ginsenoside, was significantly increased in the hydrolyzed red ginseng extract compared to the non‐hydrolyzed extract. We further investigated neuroprotective and cognitive‐enhancing effects of the hydrolyzed red ginseng extract in vitro and in vivo. To induce oxidative stress‐induced neurotoxicity, mouse hippocampal HT22 cells and C57BL/6 mice were exposed to an excess glutamate and D‐galactose, respectively. For behavioral assessments, the passive avoidance, Y‐maze, and Morris water maze tasks were performed following treatment with the extracts or compound‐K. Our results from the in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrate that (1) red ginseng extract (containing compound‐K) protects neuronal cells from oxidative damage through the induction of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes, (2) the learning and memory impairments induced by oxidative stress were alleviated by treatment with the hydrolyzed red ginseng extract, (3) the hippocampi (particularly cell counts and nuclear arrangement) of the stressed mice was histologically pathologic, which was rarely observable from the hippocampi of the extract‐treated mice. Our findings suggest that red ginseng extract hydrolyzed by pectinase may effectively alleviate oxidative stress‐mediated memory deficits possibly through Nrf2‐related detoxification.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Food Functionality Evaluation program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs through Korea Food Research Institute.
Methylene Chloride Fraction of Salicornia herbacea L. Suppresses Glutamate‐induced Neuronal Cytotoxicity and Improves Galactose‐induced Learning and Memory Impairment
Authors: Kim MinSun , Kang SuJin , Jo GwangRae , Jang JinHo , Jeong GaIn , Ju SungHee , Seo HyeLin , Woo YaeJin , Oh Jisun , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: November 2023

Salicornia herbacea L., also called as glasswort, is a halophyte growing in salt marshes and has been used as a seasoned vegetable and a traditional medicine for various disorders. It is a nutrient‐rich herb containing plenty of bioactive compounds such as selenium, flavonoids. In this study, we in vitro examined if ethanol extract from glasswort is neuroprotective under oxidative stress‐induced environment. Hippocampal HT22 cells were treated with 5 mM glutamate in the presence of ethanol extract from glasswort or its subfractions in five different solvents (hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water). Ethanol (EtOH) extract and methylene chloride‐soluble subfraction (MC fraction) of the herb were effective in protecting HT22 cells from glutamate‐induced toxicity. In addition, EtOH extract and MC fraction induced intracellular antioxidant enzyme NQO1's activity and inhibited ROS production. The levels of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes were significantly elevated by both EtOH extract and MC fraction. We further investigated whether MC fraction is protective against galactose‐induced cognitive decline in animal model. C57BL/6J mice were fed MC fraction, and intraperitoneally injected with D‐galactose on a daily‐basis to generate oxidative stress and cause learning and memory impairments. After 6 weeks, behavioral and biochemical tests were conducted. The group fed MC fraction decreased escape latency time, reduced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, and enhanced NQO1 enzyme activity in tissues, compared to D‐galactose‐treated control group. Overall, these findings suggest that MC fraction of glasswort extract could be a promising agent for AD prevention.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Food Functionality Evaluation program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs through Korea Food Research Institute, and by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Project No. 2013R1A1A2013362).