bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK food shopping in the 1950s: the social context of customer loyalty
Authors: Lyon Phil , Colquhoun Anne , Kinney Dave 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFood shopping – although often dismissed as dreary necessity – has always served a range of latent functions. In the 1950s, food storage limitations and tight budgets gave rise to weekly – often daily – shopping patterns that also allowed shoppers to meet certain social needs. Going to food shops, and the way that customer service was organized, produced significant interactional opportunities which were valued by participants. Exchanging news with other customers may have reinforced shopping patterns but shopkeepers, and knowledgeable assistants, were also useful intermediaries for product and usage information. Functional specialization in food commodities bestowed the aura of expertise, and direct accountability for the quality of what was sold provided a more personal style of retailing than is currently typical. Much depended on the perception of relationships. The 1950s were an important transitional period in the UK. Rationing gave way to wider choice and availability, while the market position of corner shops was increasingly eclipsed by town centre supermarkets. This article explores the social context of food shopping, and its relationship to the specific issue of customer loyalty.
Fathoming tropical biodiversity: the continuing discovery of Neotropical mammals
Authors: Patterson Bruce D. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract.We are still far from knowing, even approximately, the number of extant mammal species. Successive attempts over the last half‐century to tally mammals of the world have produced a steadily (or perhaps exponentially) climbing total. By analysing nomenclature for Neotropical mammals, two well‐defined biases are documented that are associated with species accumulation. First, definite trends in body size are evident, so that larger organisms were more quickly apparent to systematists. Most species being described today are small‐bodied forms. Secondly, the locus of descriptive taxonomic work on this fauna has clearly shiftedseriatimfrom continental European scientists and institutions, through British and American counterparts, to Latin American institutions. Although specifying these and other biases might focus models of species accumulation, there are no real short cuts in the global effort to inventory and document biological diversity.
Control of the Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.  (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) on tomato by the new insecticide Acetamiprid
Authors: Zabel Anton , Manojlovic Bozidar , Stankovic Sladjan , Rajkovic Snezana , Kostic Miroslav 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe efficacy of a new class of insecticide (chloronicotinyl) Mospilan 20 SP (a. i. acetamiprid), compared with Lannate 90 SL (a. i. methomyl) and Applaud WP 25 (a. i. buprofezin), in glasshouse control of whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) on tomatoes, was investigated.  All investigated insecticides significantly decreased the number of whitefly larvae, compared with untreated plots where population density grew during the trial. Based on statistical analysis, efficacy of all insecticides on whitefly larvae were in the same category. Some differences occurred 7 days after the third treatment. Deposited egg number was significantly different between checks and each insecticide plot. Efficacy of investigated insecticides, evaluated according to deposited egg number, was also good and in the same category.
First report on the distribution of microsporidian infections of browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) populations in Bulgaria*
Authors: Pilarska D. , Linde A. , Goertz D. , McManus M. , Solter L. , Bochev N. , Rajkova M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe distribution of microsporidian infections of browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) populations in Bulgaria was studied. Of the 72 browntail moth populations in the regions of Balkan, Sredna Gora, Sakar Mountains, and Rodope Mountains, 21 were infected by Microsporidia. The Microsporidia belong to two genera –Nosema (Dihaplophasea, Nosematidae) and Endoreticulatus (Haplophasea, Encephalitozoonidae). Microsporidial infections caused by a Nosema were found in 14 populations, by an Endoreticulatus in 8 populations, and mixed infections of Nosema and Endoreticulatus were recorded from 3 populations. Endoreticulatus was present in Balkan, Sredna Gora, and the Sakar Mountains. Nosema infections were found in Sakar Mountains and Rodope, and mixed infections were recorded only from the Sakar Mountain populations.
Bark beetle (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) outbreak and system of IPM measures in an area affected by intensive forest decline connected with honey fungus (Armillaria sp.)
Authors: Jakuš R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe character of a bark beetle outbreak, planning system, and implementation of IPM measures in a forest affected by intensive decline connected with honey fungus (Armillaria sp.) is described.  It is possible to distinguish two levels of outbreak in the study area. The first level is characterized by spruce mortality connected with yellowing of spruce and presence of plant pathogens, mostly Armillaria sp. Forest stands have disperse infestations of bark beetles. Identification of infested trees and salvage cutting in time are problematic. In case of late processing of infested trees, the second level of outbreak could become manifest. The populations of bark beetle increase. Beetles could attack relatively healthy trees. The classical outbreak with forest edges and spot infestations starts. The identification of infested trees is easier. The application of pheromone trap barriers is effective. Thus, the second level of outbreak could be easily managed. The planning of IPM measures is concerned with localization of various pheromone trap systems in particular forest stands. It is based on field survey, data acquisition, estimation of swarming bark beetle population, and information of pheromone system effectiveness.
Isolation of heterorhabditid nematodes from palm tree planted areas and their implications in the Red Palm Weevil control1
Authors: Salama H. S. , Abd‐elgawad Mahfouz M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSoil samples from 102 sites planted with intercropped palm trees in 8 Egyptian governorates were baited with greater wax moth larvae for the recovery of entomopathogenic nematodes. Only heterorhabditied nematodes were extracted from 5 sites in Alexandria, Behaira, Ismaelia, and Giza governorates. Evaluation of the novel isolates in the laboratory to identify the most efficient ones for biological control of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) showed that they are generally more virulent than other entomopathogenic nematode species. However, only two of the 5 strains, isolated from Behaira and Giza, survived a 24 h exposure period in palm weevil‐infested tree tissue with a low viability of 19 and 14 %, respectively.
Studies on insects causing galls on the leaves of pedunculate oak Quercus robur in southern Poland1,2
Authors: Skrzypczyńska Małgorzata 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAnalytical studies concerning the species composition of galls occurring on the leaves of Quercus robur L. were conducted in 2000 in three localities: near an urban agglomeration of Kraków – the Wolski Forest, in a protected area – the Ojców National Park and in a managed forest – the Andrychów Forest District. In each of the selected localities 2000 leaves (a total of 6000 leaves) were randomly collected. A total of 2246 galls, including 1028 in the Andrychhów FD, were found. The galls represented 12 insect species. The species composition of galls in the Ojców NP (11 species) distinctly differed from those of the remaining two areas (7 species each). Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (L.) ♀♀ was the most abundant species in the managed forest. The index of occurrence frequency and the Agrell’s index of species co‐existence have been calculated. The frequency of gall occurrence varied considerably in the investigated localities. On the basis of the Agrell’s index of species co‐existence it was shown that the strongest bond existed between Neuroterus laeviusculus Schenck ♀♀ and Andricus ostrea (Hartig) ♀♀ in the managed forest.
Efficiency of the mixed biocide GCSC‐BtA against vegetable pests  of different arthropod orders in the south‐eastern China1
Authors: Sengonca C. , Liu B. , Zhu Y. J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe present paper deals with the efficiency of the mixed biocide GCSC‐BtA against vegetable pests of five orders of arthropod insects in the south‐eastern China, i. e., diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.); green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); yellow‐fanded flea beetle, Phyllotreta vittata Fabricius; vegetable leaf miner, Phytomyza nigricornis Macquart; and vegetable spider mite, Tetranychus neocaledonicus Andre. The results show that the mixed biocide GCSC‐BtA has a higher efficacy of control against all of the five pests than the commercial biocide B.t. and insecticide Diazinon. GCSC‐BtA gave a higher mortality value of 92.18 % against P. xylostella as compared to the biocide B.t. with a value of 64.70 % and Diazinon with a value of 50.00 %. Similar mortalities were obtained with the other four pests regarding the efficacy of the three products tested against them.The concentration‐mortality regression equations were calculated by the probit analysis, from which the average mortalities were calculated. The values calculated for GCSC‐BtA were 81.13 % for P. xylostella, 75 % for M. persicae and T. neocaledonicus, 69.23 % for P. vittata, and 61.03 % for P. nigricornis as compared to those caused by Diazinon: 33.33 %, 27.42 %, 66.31 %, 44.54 %, 19.65 % for P. xylostella, M. persicae, P. vittata, P. nigricornis, and T. neocaledonicus, respectively. Based on LC50, P. xylostella was most susceptible to GCSC‐BtA with a LC50 value of 0.3445, followed by B.t. with a value of 0.8404 and Diazinon with a value of 1.3160. The LC50 value of GCSC‐BtA for M. persicae was 0.4660 which was about three times less than that of Diazinon. LC50 value of GCSC‐BtA for P. vittata was 0.3954 which was about the same as that of Diazinon. P. nigricornis and T. neocaledonicus were also much more susceptible to GCSC‐BtA than to B.t. and Diazinon. It is concluded that GCSC‐BtA kills more target pests than B.t. and is more effective than Diazinon in controlling the vegetable pests.
The Effects of Interruptions, Task Complexity, and Information Presentation on Computer‐Supported Decision‐Making Performance
Authors: Speier Cheri , Vessey Iris , Valacich Joseph S. 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACTInterruptions are a frequent occurrence in the work life of most decision makers. This paper investigated the influence of interruptions on different types of decision‐making tasks and the ability of information presentation formats, an aspect of information systems design, to alleviate them. Results from the experimental study indicate that interruptions facilitate performance on simple tasks, while inhibiting performance on more complex tasks. Interruptions also influenced the relationship between information presentation format and the type of task performed: spatial presentation formats were able to mitigate the effects of interruptions while symbolic formats were not. The paper presents a broad conceptualization of interruptions and interprets the ramifications of the experimental findings within this conceptualization to develop a program for future research.
Noncontact Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardia in a Closed‐Chest Animal Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: REEK SVEN , GELLER J. CHRISTOPH , MITTAG ANTJE , GROTHUES FRANK , HESS ANDREAS , KAULISCH THOMAS , KLEIN HELMUT U. 
Published: December 2003

Treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the setting of chronic myocardial infarction requires accurate characterization of the arrhythmia substrate. New mapping technologies have been developed that facilitate identification and ablation of critical areas even in rapid, hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia. A noncontact mapping system was used to analyze induced ventricular tachycardia in a closed‐chest sheep model of chronic myocardial infarction. Twelve sheep were studied 96 ± 10 days after experimental myocardial infarction. During programmed stimulation, 15 different ventricular tachycardias were induced in nine animals. Induced ventricular tachycardia had a mean cycle length of 190 ± 30 ms. In 12 ventricular tachycardias, earliest endocardial activity was recorded from virtual electrodes, preceding the surface QRS onset by 30 ± 7 ms. Noncontact mapping identified diastolic activity in ten ventricular tachycardias. Diastolic potentials were recorded over a variable zone, spanning more than 30 mm. Timing of diastolic potentials varied from early to late diastole and could be traced back to the endocardial exit site. Entrainment with overdrive pacing was attempted in nine ventricular tachycardias, with concealed entrainment observed in seven. Abnormal endocardium in the area of chronic myocardial infarction identified by unipolar peak voltage mapping was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. These data suggest that induced ventricular tachycardia in the late phase of myocardial infarction in the sheep model is due to macroreentry involving the infarct borderzone. The combination of this animal model with noncontact mapping technology will allow testing of new strategies to cure and prevent ventricular tachycardia in the setting of chronic myocardial infarction. (PACE 2003; 26:2253–2263)
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Events in Patients with Asymptomatic Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia:
Authors: RUSSO ANDREA M. , NAYAK HEMAL , VERDINO RALPH , SPRINGMAN JAMIE , GERSTENFELD EDWARD , HSIA HENRY , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E. 
Published: December 2003

Primary prevention trials have demonstrated that patients with coronary disease, reduced left ventricular function, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) have improved survival with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy, presumably secondary to effective termination of life‐threatening arrhythmias. However, stored intracardiac electrograms were not always available and specific arrhythmias leading to ICD therapy were not always known. We examined the occurrence of ICD events in 51 consecutive patients who match the described patient profile to determine the frequency of appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapy. ICD detections were noted in 18 (35%) patients during a median follow‐up period of 13.1 months. Appropriate therapy for sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 11 (22%) patients, with appropriate shocks in 8 (16%) patients and appropriate antitachycardia pacing (ATP) in 4 (8%) patients. The time to first appropriate therapy occurred at a mean of 17 ± 12 months (median 18 months, range 3–36 months). Inappropriate therapy occurred in 5 (10%) patients with inappropriate shocks in 4 patients and inappropriate ATP in 2 patients. Inappropriate therapy was delivered for supraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs) in 4 patients and for T wave oversensing in 1 patient. The reason for shock therapy was unknown in 1 patient (2%) due to ICD malfunction. The mean arrhythmia rate leading to appropriate therapy for VT/VF was 232 ± 72 beats/min (range 181‐400 beats/min), and the mean rate leading to inappropriate therapy for SVT was 168 ± 10 beats/min (range 160‐180 beats/min). Patients with coronary disease and asymptomatic NSVT commonly receive appropriate defibrillator therapy. These results support the need for ICD implantation for primary prevention, with attention to careful programming of the detection rate to prevent inappropriate therapy. (PACE 2003; 26:2289–2295)
Polyherbal Formulations with Wide Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity Against Reproductive Tract Infections and Sexually Transmitted Pathogens
Authors: TALWAR G.P. , RAGHUVANSHI POONAM , MISHRA RACHNA , BANERJEE UMA , RATTAN ASHOK , WHALEY KEVIN J. , ACHILLES SHARON L. , ZEITLIN LARRY , BARRÉ‐SINOUSSI FRANÇOISE , DAVID ANNIE , DONCEL GUSTAVO F. 
Published: December 2003

PROBLEM: Recent reports indicate high incidence of genital infections, most of which are sexually transmitted. Although specific drugs and antibiotics are available for some, a safe spermicidal formulation with wide spectrum antimicrobial action would be a desirable addition to the presently available spermicides.  METHODS: Formulations at different dilutions were tested in culture systems on standard strains and clinical isolates including some isolates resistant to drugs. The effect on (HSV)‐2 and Chlamydia trachomatis
was determined in vivo in progestin sensitized mice. The effect
on HIV‐1 was investigated in two standardized systems.
RESULTS: Polyherbal cream inhibited the growth in culture of clinical
isolates of Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida
tropicalis. Both the polyherbal cream and the Praneem polyherbal
pessary inhibited urinary tract Escherichia coli (including
multidrug resistant strains), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including 2 strains resistant to penicillin). Both formulations manifested virucidal activity against HIV‐1 at>2 and 50% dilutions (in two different test systems) on contact for 1
–2 min. Intravaginal inoculation of the cream and the pessary
suspensions before inoculation of the pathogen prevented lesions and
vaginal transmission of HSV‐2 and C. trachomatis in progestin sensitized mice.  CONCLUSIONS: Polyherbal formulations have wide spectrum antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effect against the tested sexually transmitted pathogens.
Evidence for Superantigen Involvement in Preeclampsia
Authors: LUPPI PATRIZIA , MATHIE THOMAS , FAAS SUSAN , RUDERT WILLIAM A. , TRUCCO MASSIMO , MCKNIGHT CRAIG , STEWART‐AKERS ANN M. , DELOIA JULIE A. 
Published: December 2003

PROBLEM: Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and premature fetal delivery in the United States, most likely involving the immune system in disease genesis. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that a superantigen phenomenon is an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease.  METHOD OF STUDY: A semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess T‐cell receptor (TCR) β chain variable
(Vβ) regions as an indicator of T‐cell expansion in both
peripheral blood and basal plate of preeclamptic patients. All the
subjects were also molecularly typed to identify their HLA‐class II
alleles.
RESULTS: In peripheral blood of the majority of the patients, there was a
high abundance of the Vβ4 gene family, which was not observed
in the control group. Polyclonality of this Vβ gene family
was confirmed by analysis of the Vα chain and the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3). The majority of patients carried the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)‐DRB1*13 allele.  CONCLUSION: We present evidence for the existence of a superantigen‐like effect in at least a subset of patients with preeclampsia.
Fas Antigen Expression on the Decidual Lymphocytes of Pre‐Eclamptic Patients
Authors: DARMOCHWAL‐KOLARZ DOROTA , ROLINSKI JACEK , LESZCZYNSKA‐GORZELAK BOZENA , OLESZCZUK JAN 
Published: December 2003

PROBLEM: Apoptosis has been proposed as a mechanism for maintaining the homeostasis in the immune system. Activated lymphocytes are removed by a programmed cell death process Fas/FasL‐mediated called activation induced cell death. The aim of the study was to investigate Fas antigen expression on decidual cells (T CD4+ lymphocytes, T
CD8+ lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells) of
pre‐eclamptic patients and healthy pregnant women.
METHOD OF STUDY: 12 pre‐eclamptic patients and 10 healthy pregnant women
were studied. Lymphocytes were isolated from decidual tissues
mechanically, labeled by direct staining with monoclonal antibodies, and
analyzed using the flow cytometric method.
RESULTS: We found Fas antigen expression on decidual NK cells and T
lymphocytes. CD 95 molecule expression and fluorescence intensity on NK
cells of pre‐eclamptic patients were lower when compared with controls
(P<0.05).  CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that decidual NK cells and T lymphocytes are able to undergo Fas/FasL‐mediated apoptosis. It seems that NK cells’ ability to undergo Fas/FasL‐mediated apoptosis in pre‐eclamptic patients can be altered because of lower CD95 molecule expression.
Detection of Chlamydial Antigenic Material in Ovarian, Prostatic, Ectopic Pregnancy and Semen Samples of Culture‐Negative Subjects
Authors: TOTH M. , PATTON D.L. , CAMPBELL L.A. , CARRETTA E.I. , MOURADIAN J. , TOTH A. , SHEVCHUK M. , BAERGEN R. , LEDGER W. 
Published: December 2003

PROBLEM: The pathogenesis of long‐term sequelae in Chlamydia
trachomatis infection is poorly understood. While serology indicates
previous chlamydial infection, culture studies are frequently negative.
We wanted to know whether in chronic cases the bacterium is absent or
persists in a dormant state where it evades detection.
METHODS OF STUDY: Using immunoperoxidase (IP) staining and in situ
hybridization (ISH), we examined tissues of culture‐negative
subjects.
Ovarian biopsy specimens from 19 culture‐negative women with pelvic
adhesions and/or tubal infertility were analyzed by both methods. Samples
of prostates from 10 culture‐negative men undergoing prostatectomy for
benign hypertrophy, two sets of semen samples from culture‐negative
sexual partners of 28 women with PID and/or bacterial vaginosis (BV), and
ten endometrium‐tube sample‐pairs from ectopic pregnancies (EPs) were
examined by IP only.
RESULTS: Seven of the nineteen ovarian specimens tested positive for
Chlamydia antigen or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (36%). Of the 10
hypertrophic prostates examined, 4 (40%) were positive. Of the 28 semen
samples examined, 10 (35%) tested positive. Tissue samples of 3 cases of
EP were positive by IP.
CONCLUSIONS: 1. C. trachomatis antigen and nucleic acid can be frequently demonstrated in asymptomatic, culture‐negative men and women with chronic infection. 2. Chlamydia antigens may have an etiologic role in benign prostate hypertrophy and EP. 3. Antigenic material may be sexually transmissible. 4. IP and ISH identify temporarily inactive bacteria that may continue to act as immunostimulants and potentially reactivate as Chlamydia infection.
Early Pregnancy Factor is Required at Two Important Stages of Embryonic Development in the Mouse
Authors: ATHANASAS‐PLATSIS S. , CAVANAGH A.C. , MORTON H. , CORCORAN C.M. , KAYE P.L. 
Published: December 2003

PROBLEM: The importance of early pregnancy factor (EPF) at the pre‐implantation stage of development (days 1–3 post‐coitum [p.c.]) has been previously established in this laboratory. However, the role of EPF at the implantation stage (days 4.5–5 p.c.) has not been determined. This present study therefore investigates the role of EPF at this important developmental stage, both in vivo and in
vitro.
METHOD OF STUDY: Mated mice were passively immunized with anti‐EPF
antibodies at the peri‐implantation stage (days 3.5–4 p.c.) and
embryo implantation recorded. Parallel studies were conducted in
vitro, where the effect of anti‐EPF antibodies on trophoblast
outgrowth of blastocysts was determined.
RESULTS: Administration of anti‐EPF antibodies in vivo at the peri‐implantation stage of development resulted in failure of embryos to implant. Similarly, trophoblastic outgrowth of blastocysts was adversely affected in the presence of anti‐EPF antibodies.  CONCLUSIONS: These results, together with previous findings that anti‐EPF antibodies retard embryonic development when administered at the early pre‐implantation stage, clearly demonstrate that EPF is required by the embryo at two important developmental stages – the one–two‐cell stage and the peri‐implantation stage.