bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies
Authors: Bardin Nathalie , Blank Miri , Pascal Veronique , Alessi Marie , Dignat-George Françoise , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Harlé Jean , Sanmarco Marielle 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the heterogeneity of IgG-anti- β2 -glycoprotein I antibodies (IgG-aβ2 GPI) as regarding their reactivity pattern against different sources of human β2 GPI,their avidity and their association with clinical events of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).Three thousand six hundred and eightyfour consecutive patient sera were routinely tested for IgG-a β2 GPI over 1 year using an in-house ELISA with 2 different commercial preparations of human purified β2GPI. Of the 340 sera found positive, all those clinically documented were included in this study; 61 were positive with only one preparation (S1) and 59 with both (S2).The results of ELISA were confirmed by Western blot. Heterogeneity was stressed by testing sera with a human recombinant protein and 3 β2 GPI-related peptides. No contribution of glycosylation in the binding to β2GPI was found.The avidity indices for each protein were significantly higher in S1 than in S2 (p = 0.0021). S2 were more associated with antiphospholipid antibodies than S1 (75% versus 21% ; p <0.0001).A similar frequency of the main clinical features of APS was found in S1 and S2 sera (69% and 71%, respectively). In conclusion, our data show a heterogeneity in the antigenic reactivity pattern of IgG- a β2 GPI and a relationship between a binding profile and antibody avidity.This heterogeneity could represent a crucial factor of variability in test results and underlines the difficulty of getting standardisation.
Elevated plasma osteoprotegerin levels are associated with venous thrombosis and bleeding in patients with polycythemia vera
Authors: Kees Mathias , Wiesbauer Franz , Gisslinger Bettina , Wagner Renate , Shehata Medhat , Gisslinger Heinz 
Published: November 2004

SummaryPatients with polycythemia vera (PV) have an increased risk for the development of thrombohemorrhagic complications. The pathogenesis of these complications is still unclear.An important role in vascular disease has recently been attributed to osteoprotegerin (OPG). It has been shown that various tissues of the cardiovascular system produce OPG, and there is growing evidence of an association between elevated serum OPG levels and cardiovascular morbidity.We evaluated if OPG was associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis or bleeding complications in a cohort of 114 PV patients.The analysis consisted of a retrospective and a prospective part. In the retrospective univariate analysis,a one unit change in OPG caused the odds of venous thrombosis to increase by 40% (p=0.005) and the odds of bleeding to increase by 52% (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis only slightly attenuated the association to 33% (p=0.03) and 37% (p=0.013) for venous thrombosis and bleeding, respectively. OPG was also related to the development of the combined outcome of venous thrombosis and bleeding in the prospective analysis (log-rank-test: p=0.017).This is the first report that links the occurrence of venous thrombosis or bleeding to elevated OPG levels.
Hypofibrinogenaemia associated with a novel heterozygous γ289 Ala→Val substitution (fibrinogen Dorfen)
Authors: Brennan Stephen , Dempfle Carl-Erik , Kirschstein Werner , George Peter , Dear Amy 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe molecular basis of hypofibrinogenaemia was investigated in a 34-year-old woman and her 10-year-old daughter. DNA sequencing revealed a single heterozygous GCC→GTC transition in exon 8 of the fibrinogen γ gene in both subjects, predicting a novel γ289 Ala→Val substitution. Examination of fibrinogen γ chains by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry failed to detect the variant chain in plasma fibrinogen. Further evidence for its non-expression came from tryptic peptide mapping. The mutation predicts a mass increase of 28 Da in peptide T32, but only the normal (M+2H) ion was detected at 1418 m/z in the proposita. Our finding that γ289 is an important determinant of plasma fibrinogen levels highlights the role of mutational analysis in defining structurally important regions of the fibrinogen molecule. This case suggests that the highly conserved Ala289 is important in maintaining structure of the “a” polymerization site via hydrogen bonding to Thr371.
Hepatitis C in haemophiliacs
Authors: Franchini Massimo 
Published: November 2004

SummaryVirtually all haemophiliacs who received non-virucidally treated, large-pool clotting factor concentrates before 1986 became infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although approximately one-tenth of HCV-infected people have been shown to clear the infection naturally, in the remaining cases the infection slowly progresses. Unfortunately, a significant percentage of HCV-infected hemophilic patients were also co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which can accelerate the progression to cirrhosis and liver failure. As regards treatment, combination therapy with interferon (IFN) and ribavirin has improved the poor results obtained with IFN monotherapy and has become the standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Given the positive results obtained with pegylated interferon in non-haemophiliacs, ongoing trials are evaluating this promising therapy in HCV-chronically infected haemophilic patients. Finally, anti-HCV treatment should also be considered for those haemophiliacs co-infected with HIV in whom anti-retroviral treatment has stabilized the HIV infection.
Introduction of Peptide Functions into DNA by Nucleic Acid Peptides, NAPs
Authors: Kawakami Junji , Wang Zhong-Ming , Fujiki Hiroyoshi , Izumi Satoshi , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Nucleic acid peptides (NAPs) with a mimetic amino acid side residue at the base position of the nucleotide via an amide bond were synthesized from 3-deoxy-6-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)allonic acid methyl ester as the common precursor. Furthermore, an NAP with an octapeptide at the C1′ position was synthesized. The peptide-linked NAP exhibits both functions of the oligopeptide part and of the oligonucleotide part.
Thermal Stability of Mononuclear Hydroperoxocopper(II) Species. Effects of Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrophobic Field
Authors: Yamaguchi Syuhei , Wada Akira , Nagatomo Shigenori , Kitagawa Teizo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The effects of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic field on the thermal stabilities of Cu(II)–OOH complexes have been studied using tripodal tetradentate ligands with their functional groups on the basis of UV–vis, ESR, ESI-mass, and resonance Raman spectroscopies.
Successive Phase Transitions in Crystalline State of Mesogenic Butyl 4-[2-(Perfluorooctyl)ethoxy]benzoate
Authors: Maeda Minako , Nagasawa Motoi , Tachibana Makoto , Kawaji Hitoshi , Atake Tooru , Iida Akifumi , Ozeki Tomoji , Hori Kayako 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Successive phase transitions have been found in crystalline state of the title compound by X-ray diffractometry with synchrotron radiation and by adiabatic calorimetry. The transitions are at 173.5 and 174.2 K with a total entropy change of 7.26 J K−1 mol−1. The phase transitions are associated with a change of the periodicity of lateral molecular stacking in the monoclinic lattices with the common b axis, Z = 4, 16, and 12, for high, intermediate and low temperature phases, respectively.
Tissue-engineered bone formation in vivo using a novel sintered polymeric microsphere matrix
Authors: Borden M. , Attawia M. , Khan Y. , El-Amin S. F. , Laurencin C. T. 
Published: November 2004

We have evaluated in vivo a novel, polymer-based, matrix for tissue engineering of bone. A segmental defect of 15 mm was created in the ulna of New Zealand white rabbits to determine the regenerative properties of a porous polylactide-co-glycolide matrix alone and in combination with autogenous marrow and/or the osteoinductive protein, BMP-7. In this study four implant groups were used: 1) matrix alone; 2) matrix with autogenous marrow; 3) matrix with 20 μg of BMP-7; and 4) matrix with 20 μg of BMP-7 and autogenous marrow. The results showed that the degree of bone formation was dependent on the properties of the graft material. The osteoconductive sintered matrix structure showed significant formation of bone at the implant-bone interface. The addition of autogenous marrow increased the penetration of new bone further into the central area of the matrix and also increased the degree of revascularisation. The osteoinductive growth factor BMP-7 induced penetration of new bone throughout the entire structure of the implant. The most effective treatment was with the combination of marrow cells and osteoinductive BMP-7.
Hydroxyapatite ceramic-coated femoral stems in young patients
Authors: Singh S. , Trikha S. P. , Edge A. J. 
Published: November 2004

We describe the clinical and radiological results of 38 total hip replacements (THR) using the JRI Furlong hydroxyapatite-ceramic (HAC)-coated femoral component in patients younger than 50 years. The mean age at the time of operation was 42 years (22 to 49) and the mean length of follow-up was ten years (63 to 170 months). All patients receiving a Furlong HAC THR were entered into the study regardless of the primary pathology including patients who had undergone previous hip surgery. The mean Harris hip score improved from 44 before operation to 92 at the last postoperative review. After 12 years the cumulative surivival for the stem was 100% (95% confidence interval 89 to 100). No femoral component was revised. Our results show that the Furlong HAC implant gives excellent long-term results in young patients with high demands.
Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Boucai Laura , Zafereo Mark , Cabanillas Maria E. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceApproximately 43 720 new cases of thyroid carcinoma are expected to be diagnosed in 2023 in the US. Five-year relative survival is approximately 98.5%. This review summarizes current evidence regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of early-stage and advanced thyroid cancer.ObservationsPapillary thyroid cancer accounts for approximately 84% of all thyroid cancers. Papillary, follicular (≈4%), and oncocytic (≈2%) forms arise from thyroid follicular cells and are termed well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Aggressive forms of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer are poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (≈5%) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (≈1%). Medullary thyroid cancer (≈4%) arises from parafollicular C cells. Most cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancer are asymptomatic and detected during physical examination or incidentally found on diagnostic imaging studies. For microcarcinomas (≤1 cm), observation without surgical resection can be considered. For tumors larger than 1 cm with or without lymph node metastases, surgery with or without radioactive iodine is curative in most cases. Surgical resection is the preferred approach for patients with recurrent locoregional disease. For metastatic disease, surgical resection or stereotactic body irradiation is favored over systemic therapy (eg, lenvatinib, dabrafenib). Antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors (eg, sorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib) are approved for thyroid cancer that does not respond to radioactive iodine, with response rates 12% to 65%. Targeted therapies such as dabrafenib and selpercatinib are directed to genetic mutations (BRAF, RET, NTRK, MEK) that give rise to thyroid cancer and are used in patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma.ConclusionsApproximately 44 000 new cases of thyroid cancer are diagnosed each year in the US, with a 5-year relative survival of 98.5%. Surgery is curative in most cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Radioactive iodine treatment after surgery improves overall survival in patients at high risk of recurrence. Antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors and targeted therapies to genetic mutations that give rise to thyroid cancer are increasingly used in the treatment of metastatic disease.
Serum Urate and Recurrent Gout
Authors: McCormick Natalie , Yokose Chio , Challener Gregory J. , Joshi Amit D. , Tanikella Sruthi , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceApproximately 12 million adults in the US have a history of gout, but whether serum urate levels can help predict recurrence is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess associations of a single serum urate measurement with subsequent risk of acute gout flares and subsequent risk of hospitalizations for gout among patients in the UK with a history of gout.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective study included patients with a history of gout identified from the UK between 2006 and 2010 who were followed up through Primary Care Linked Data medical record linkage until 2017 and through the Hospital Episode Statistics database until 2020.ExposuresSerum urate levels at enrollment.Main Outcome and MeasureRate of recurrent acute gout, ascertained by hospitalization, outpatient, and prescription/procedure records, and adjusted rate ratios using negative binomial regressions.ResultsAmong 3613 patients with gout (mean age, 60 years; 3104 [86%] men), 1773 gout flares occurred over a mean follow-up of 8.3 years. Of these, 1679 acute gout flares (95%) occurred in people with baseline serum urate greater than or equal to 6 mg/dL and 1731 (98%) occurred in people with baseline serum urate greater than or equal to 5 mg/dL. Rates of acute gout flares per 1000 person-years were 10.6 for participants with baseline urate levels less than 6 mg/dL, 40.1 for levels of 6.0 to 6.9 mg/dL, 82.0 for levels of 7.0 to 7.9 mg/dL, 101.3 for levels of 8.0 to 8.9 mg/dL, 125.3 for urate levels of 9.0 to 9.9 mg/dL, and 132.8 for levels greater than or equal to 10 mg/dL. Rate ratio of flares were 1.0, 3.37, 6.93, 8.67, 10.81, and 11.42, respectively, over 10 years (1.61 [1.54-1.68] per mg/dL). Rates of hospitalization per 1000 person-years during follow-up were 0.18 for those with baseline serum urate less than 6 mg/dL, 0.97 for serum urate of 6.0 to 6.9 mg/dL, 1.8 for serum urate of 7.0 to 7.9 mg/dL, 2.2 for serum urate of 8.0 to 8.9 mg/dL, 6.7 for serum urate of 9.0 to 9.9 mg/dL, and 9.7 for serum urate greater than or equal to 10 mg/dL. Rate ratios of hospitalization for gout, adjusting for age, sex, and race were 1.0, 4.70, 8.94, 10.37, 33.92, and 45.29, respectively (1.87 [1.57-2.23] per mg/dL).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective study of patients with a history of gout, serum urate levels at baseline were associated with the risk of subsequent gout flares and rates of hospitalization for recurrent gout. These findings support using a baseline serum urate level to assess risk of recurrent gout over nearly 10 years of follow-up.
Neonatal Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy
Authors: Norman Mikael , Magnus Maria C. , Söderling Jonas , Juliusson Petur B. , Navér Lars , Örtqvist Anne K. , Håberg Siri , Stephansson Olof 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceBetter knowledge about neonatal adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy could help address concerns about vaccine safety.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risks of neonatal adverse events after exposure to COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPopulation-based cohort study including all infants in Sweden and Norway born from June 2021 to January 2023. Unique personal identity numbers were used to link individual information from different national registers.ExposureAdministration of any mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 during pregnancy, irrespective of previous vaccination, number of doses during pregnancy, or vaccine manufacturer.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were neonatal conditions with bleeding/thrombosis or inflammation/infection; disorders of the central nervous system; circulatory, respiratory, or gastrointestinal problems; and neonatal mortality. Statistical methods included logistic regression adjusted for characteristics of the pregnant individuals, with additional restricted and stratified analyses.ResultsOf 196 470 newborn infants included (51.3% male, 93.8% born at term, 62.5% born in Sweden), 94 303 (48.0%) were exposed to COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Exposed infants exhibited no increased odds of adverse neonatal outcomes, and they exhibited lower odds for neonatal nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (event rate, 1.7 vs 3.2/1000; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-0.99]), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (1.8 vs 2.7/1000; aOR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55-0.96]), and neonatal mortality (0.9 vs 1.8/1000; aOR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50-0.91]). Subgroup analyses found a similar association between vaccination during pregnancy and lower neonatal mortality; subgroups were restricted to infants delivered by individuals unvaccinated before pregnancy, individuals vaccinated before pregnancy, individuals vaccinated after a general recommendation of vaccination during pregnancy was issued, and individuals without COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Analyses restricted to term infants, singleton births, or infants without birth defects yielded similar results. Stratifying the analysis by vaccine manufacturer did not attenuate the association between vaccination and low neonatal mortality.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large population-based study, vaccination of pregnant individuals with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines was not associated with increased risks of neonatal adverse events in their infants.
Gun Violence Exposure and Suicide Among Black Adults
Authors: Semenza Daniel C. , Daruwala Samantha , Brooks Stephens Jasmin R. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceBlack individuals are disproportionately exposed to gun violence in the US. Suicide rates among Black US individuals have increased in recent years.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether gun violence exposures (GVEs) are associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors among Black adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used survey data collected from a nationally representative sample of self-identified Black or African American (hereafter, Black) adults in the US from April 12, 2023, through May 4, 2023.ExposuresEver being shot, being threatened with a gun, knowing someone who has been shot, and witnessing or hearing about a shooting.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcome variables were derived from the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview, including suicidal ideation, suicide attempt preparation, and suicide attempt. A subsample of those exhibiting suicidal ideation was used to assess for suicidal behaviors.ResultsThe study sample included 3015 Black adults (1646 [55%] female; mean [SD] age, 46.34 [0.44] years [range, 18-94 years]). Most respondents were exposed to at least 1 type of gun violence (1693 [56%]), and 300 (12%) were exposed to at least 3 types of gun violence. Being threatened with a gun (odds ratio [OR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01-2.05) or knowing someone who has been shot (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.97) was associated with reporting lifetime suicidal ideation. Being shot was associated with reporting ever planning a suicide (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.10-12.64). Being threatened (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 2.41-5.09) or knowing someone who has been shot (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.42-5.74) was associated with reporting lifetime suicide attempts. Cumulative GVE was associated with reporting lifetime suicidal ideation (1 type: OR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.19-2.39]; 2 types: OR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.17-2.44]; ≥3 types: OR, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.48-3.48]), suicide attempt preparation (≥3 types; OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 2.37-5.63), and attempting suicide (2 types: OR, 4.78 [95% CI, 1.80-12.71]; ≥3 types: OR, 4.01 [95% CI, 1.41-11.44]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, GVE among Black adults in the US was significantly associated with lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior. Public health efforts to substantially reduce interpersonal gun violence may yield additional benefits by decreasing suicide among Black individuals in the US.
Wilson loop duality and OPE for super form factors of half-BPS operators
Authors: Basso Benjamin , Tumanov Alexander G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a dual Wilson loop description for the MHV super form factors of half-BPS operators in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. In this description, the local operators are represented by on-shell states, made out of zero-momentum particles, that are absorbed by a null periodic super Wilson loop. We present evidence for this duality at weak coupling, by performing an explicit calculation of the Wilson loop matrix elements through one loop. At tree level, the interactions localize at the cusps of the loop, revealing a simple connection between the super form factors and the m = 2 tree amplituhedron. At loop level, we show that the Wilson loop calculation reproduces the known results for the super form factors. Inspired by this duality, we extend the OPE program developed for the form factors of the Lagrangian to the super form factors of the higher-charge operators. We introduce non-perturbative axioms and conjectures for the main building blocks that govern the exchange of the lightest flux-tube excitations. These blocks appear as simple refinements of the form factor transitions introduced in earlier OPE studies. They are expressed at any value of the ’t Hooft coupling in terms of the tilted Beisert-Eden-Staudacher kernel. We carry out checks of our conjectures up to two loops at weak coupling for three- and four-point form factors of half-BPS operators of various lengths, finding perfect agreement with perturbative data.
Region analysis of QED massive fermion form factor
Authors: ter Hoeve Jaco , Laenen Eric , Marinissen Coenraad , Vernazza Leonardo , Wang Guoxing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We perform an analysis of the one- and two-loop massive quark form factor in QED in a region expansion, up to next-to-leading power in the quark mass. This yields an extensive set of regional integrals, categorized into three topologies, against which factorization theorems at next-to-leading power could be tested. Our analysis reveals a number of subtle aspects involving rapidity regulators, as well as additional regions that manifest themselves only beyond one loop, at the level of single diagrams, but which cancel in the form factor.