bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the motivation of surgeons to lead juniors and the impact of their leadership on junior doctors motivation and leadership preference
Authors: Elzahhar Ramy , Aylott Jill , Indrasena Buddhike Sri Harsha , Wrazen Remig , Othman Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise a research study to examine leadership as a relational concept between leaders and followers. The context is within surgical practice examining how motivated consultant surgeons are to lead junior doctors and which type of leadership style they use. From a follower perspective, the motivation of junior doctors will be explored, and their leadership preferences will be correlated with those of the actual style of consultant surgeons.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors provide a detailed description of the methods for an international quantitative research study, exploring sequentially how motivated consultant surgeons are to lead and how leadership styles impact on the motivation of junior doctors. The objectives, method and data collection of this study are explained, and the justification for each method is described.

Findings
The findings for this outline study illustrate how critical it is to redefine leadership as a relational concept of leader and follower to ensure adequate support is provided to the next generation of consultant surgeons. Without consideration of the relational model of leadership, attrition will continue to be a critical issue in the medical workforce.

Research limitations/implications
The research limitations are that this is a proposed quantitative study due to the need to collect a large sample of data from surgeons across the UK, Egypt and Germany. This research will have immense implications in developing new knowledge of leadership as a relational concept in medicine and healthcare. This study additionally will impact on how leadership is conceptualised in the curriculum for specialist surgical practice.

Practical implications
The practical implications are that relational leadership is supportive of generating a supportive leadership culture in the workplace and generating more effective teamwork.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to look at a relational model of leadership in surgical practice between consultant surgeons and surgical trainees. This study will also identify any specific country differences between the UK, Germany and Egypt.
Technology orientation and export performance: the moderating role of supply chain agility
Authors: Nakabuye Zaina , Mayanja Jamiah , Bimbona Sarah , Wassermann Micheal 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between technology orientations and export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design was adopted for this study. The paper formulates hypotheses from the literature review. These hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling with data collected from 231 SMEs in Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS.FindingsThe findings of this study showed technology orientation has a positive and significant relationship with the performance of Ugandan SMEs and that supply chain agility moderates technology orientation and export performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study discusses the findings, advances limitations and managerial implications. It also suggests future research avenues. It proposes some recommendations to help Ugandan SMEs to form flexible supply chains, use the latest technology and create strong relationship ties with their partners in the supply chain.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that managers of Ugandan SMEs should use the latest technology in production, marketing, logistics and supply chain management which will enable them to respond quickly to customer tastes and preferences leading to higher levels of export performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on strategic management showing the reliability of scales used and the confirmatory of the factor structure. This study shows that in strategic management technology, orientation is critical in increasing export performance. This study has extended the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theories.
The heterogeneous role of economic and financial uncertainty in green bond market efficiency
Authors: Wei Ping , Zhou Jingzi , Ren Xiaohang , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the quantile-specific short- and long-term effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the efficiency of the green bond market.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the long-term cointegration relationship and the short-term fluctuation relationship of EPU, WTI crude oil price (WTI) and European Union Allowances price (EUA) with the green bond market efficiency (GBE) using the quantile autoregressive distributed lag method. Additionally, the authors analyze the differences before and after the Covid-19 pandemic.

Findings
EPU has a significant positive impact on the GBE before the outbreak. However, during the crisis period, the impact of EPU and WTI was greatly weakened, whereas the impact of EUA was strengthened.

Practical implications
This paper demonstrates the dynamics of GBE and its influencing factors under different periods. The findings provide insights for market participants and policymakers to gain a clearer understanding of the green bond market.

Originality/value
This paper extends the study of green bonds by quantifying the GBE and elucidating the nonlinear relationship between efficiency and independent variables at different quantiles over different periods.
Fish microplastic ingestion may induce tipping points of aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Qian Guangjing , Zhang Lai , Chen Yuxin , Xu Chi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Microplastics can be ingested by a wide range of aquatic animals. Extensive studies have demonstrated that microplastic ingestion—albeit often not lethal—can affect a range of species life‐history traits. However, it remains unclear how the sublethal effects of microplastics on individual levels scale up to influence ecosystem‐level dynamics through cascading trophic interactions.

Here we employ a well‐studied, empirically fed three‐species trophic chain model, which was parameterized to mimic a common type of aquatic ecosystems to examine how microplastic ingestion by fish on an intermediate trophic level can produce cascading effects on the species at both upper and lower trophic levels.

We show that gradually increasing microplastics in the ingested substances of planktivorous fish may cause population structure effects such as skewed size distributions (i.e. reduced average body length vs. increased maximal body size), and induce abrupt declines in fish biomass and reproduction.

Our model analysis demonstrates that these abrupt changes correspond to an ecosystem‐level tipping point, crossing which difficult‐to‐reverse ecosystem degradation can happen. Importantly, microplastic pollution may interact with other anthropogenic stressors to reduce safe operating space of aquatic ecosystems.

Our work contributes to better understanding complex effects of microplastic pollution and anticipating tipping points of aquatic ecosystems in a changing world. It also calls attention to an emerging threat that novel microplastic contaminants may lead to unexpected and abrupt degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and invites systematic studies on the ecosystem‐level consequences of microplastic exposure.
Exploring teachers' reading knowledge, beliefs and instructional practice
Authors: Kehoe Karen F. , McGinty Anita S. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe delivery of effective, evidence‐based early reading instruction depends partially on teachers' knowledge about reading acquisition, development and pedagogy. Research shows that teachers often perform poorly on measures of reading‐related knowledge, often cited as one explanation for a gap between reading research and classroom practice. Studies on whether teacher knowledge improves student learning by leading to higher quality reading instruction, however, have produced mixed results. It is theorised that teachers' beliefs also influence the enactment of knowledge in the classroom. Yet, in comparison with investigations into teachers' knowledge, less research has explored their beliefs, including self‐efficacy expectancy beliefs. Finally, although conceptually both knowledge and beliefs shape teachers' instruction, researchers often have limited information about what actually occurs in the classroom.MethodsWe examined the knowledge, self‐efficacy expectancy beliefs, self‐reported literacy practices and literacy lesson plans of 34 teachers of reading working in four neighbouring rural schools to identify both strengths and areas for growth as potential targets for professional learning efforts.ResultsOn average, teachers demonstrated low levels of knowledge, reported implementation of both evidence‐based and nonevidence‐based practices and planned lessons that included only some essential components of a comprehensive early reading programme, with limited evidence of differentiation. Teachers overwhelmingly reported strong self‐efficacy expectancy beliefs for teaching beginning readers.ConclusionsAddressing the reading research‐to‐practice gap requires deeper understanding of not only teachers' knowledge but also their perceived self‐efficacy and instructional practices. Such information is critical for designing and delivering targeted, effective professional development.
Labour agentry and subsequent adverse mental health outcomes: A follow‐up study of the ARRIVE Trial
Authors: Canfield Dana R. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Smith Jessica , Metz Torri D. , Grobman William A. , Silver Robert M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveLabour can be traumatic for women who perceive they are not involved in decisions affecting their care during labour. Our objective was to assess the relation between labour agentry and subsequent mental health.DesignFollow‐up cohort study.SettingU.S. Tertiary care center.PopulationParticipants from Utah who participated in the ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) trial.MethodsDuring the ARRIVE trial, participants completed the Labor Agentry Scale twice, a validated questionnaire measuring perceived control of patients during childbirth. ARRIVE participants from Utah subsequently were asked to complete questions about mental health history and stressful events occurring since the trial, as well as surveys including the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PC‐PTSD) screen, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) screen. The lower quartile of both agentry measurements defined a person's ordinal agentry category, used for assessing cohort characteristics by exposure category. Continuous minimum agentry was included in adjusted modelling.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was a mental health composite including a positive screen for depression, anxiety, or PTSD or self‐report of a diagnosis or exacerbation since their delivery.ResultsIn all, 766 of 1042 (74%) people responded to the survey (median 4.4, range 2.5–6.4 years after delivery) and 753 had complete data for analysis. In unadjusted comparisons across ordinal agentry category, lower agentry was significantly associated with the primary composite endpoint, and depressive symptoms (test of trend p = 0.003 primary, p = 0.004 depression). Lower labour agentry scores were associated with incremental odds of the primary endpoint (1 SD [24 units], adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.41–1.03), driven by depressive symptoms or self‐reported diagnosis (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.47–1.05).ConclusionsLower labour agentry at the time of birth was associated with a greater risk for mental health conditions years after delivery, indicating a potential opportunity for primary prevention of subsequent depression.
Identifying the Hydrochemical Characteristics, Genetic Mechanisms and Potential Human Health Risks of Fluoride and Nitrate Enriched Groundwater in the Tongzhou District, Beijing, North China
Authors: ZHANG Shouchuan , LIU Kai , MA Yan , WANG Luyao , SUN Junliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFluoride and nitrate enriched groundwater are potential threats to the safety of the groundwater supply that may cause significant effects on human health and public safety, especially in aggregated population areas and economic hubs. This study focuses on the high F– and NO3– concentration groundwater in Tongzhou District, Beijing, North China. A total of 36 groundwater samples were collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics, elucidate genetic mechanisms and evaluate the potential human health risks. The results of the analysis indicate: Firstly, most of the groundwater samples are characterized by Mg‐HCO3 and Na‐HCO3 with the pH ranging from 7.19 to 8.28 and TDS with a large variation across the range 471–2337 mg/L. The NO3– concentration in 38.89% groundwater samples and the F– concentration in 66.67% groundwater samples exceed the permissible limited value. Secondly, F– in groundwater originates predominantly from water‐rock interactions and the fluorite dissolution, which is also regulated by cation exchange, competitive adsorption of HCO3– and an alkaline environment. Thirdly, the effect of sewage disposal and agricultural activities have a significant effect on high NO3– concentration, while the high F– concentration is less influenced by anthropogenic activity. The alkaline environment favors nitrification, thus being conducive to the production of NO3–. Finally, the health risk assessment is evaluated for different population groups. The results indicate that high NO3– and F– concentration in groundwater would have the largest threat to children's health. The findings of this study could contribute to the provision of a scientific basis for groundwater supply policy formulation relating to public health in Tongzhou District.
In the line of duty: Militarising African epidemics
Authors: Allen Tim , Parker Melissa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe deployment of soldiers for epidemic control in Africa has become more acceptable, even when human rights violations occur. This article outlines how this situation has arisen, foregrounding overlapping processes since the 1990s and the implications of Security Council Resolution 2177. It then explores effects with reference to Sierra Leone and Uganda. Drawing on long‐term fieldwork, it discusses militarised epidemic control programmes during Ebola and COVID‐19 outbreaks. It points out similarities in the responses to epidemics in these two countries, including the violent enforcement of regulations, but also striking differences. In Sierra Leone, a democratic transition of governmental power occurred, whereas militarised epidemic control in Uganda helped entrench autocratic public authority. To the extent that there is data available, disease control outcomes in the two countries were not widely divergent, yet the Ugandan response has been valorised. This highlights a drift towards less accountable forms of governance, justified by purported public health objectives.
Event‐level positive and negative reinforcement risk factors for alcohol use: Moderation by individual‐level alcohol consequences and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom severity
Authors: Dyar Christina , Kaysen Debra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe multistage model of drug addiction posits that risk processes contributing to alcohol use change as individuals develop alcohol use disorders. However, few studies have tested this theory outside of the lab or at the event level. We assessed whether event‐level associations between positive reinforcement (e.g., positive affect, sociability expectancies) and negative reinforcement risk factors (e.g., negative affect, tension reduction expectancies) and same‐/next‐day alcohol consumption varied as a function of an individual's level of alcohol consequences. Given elevated alcohol use consequences among individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disruptions in reward processing that affect this population, we also tested whether these processes differed based on the presence and severity of PTSD.MethodsWe used data from a 30‐day ecological momentary assessment study with 174 undergraduate women who regularly engaged in heavy episodic drinking. A majority (78%) of the sample had experienced sexual assault and 44% had current PTSD. Analyses used Bayesian multilevel structural equation modeling with diffuse (non‐informative) priors. We used markov chain monte carlo (MCMC) algorithms to generate a series of 10,000 random draws from the multivariate posterior distribution of our sample for each model.ResultsResults partially supported the multistage model. Event‐level negative reinforcement risk factors only predicted more alcohol consumption among individuals who experienced more alcohol consequences. Findings for positive reinforcement risk factors were partially consistent with hypotheses. Overall, findings appear to operate similarly across PTSD symptom severity.ConclusionsResults suggest that interventions for heavy episodic drinking could benefit from attending to an individual's level of alcohol consequences. For example, preventive interventions for individuals who tend to experience few consequences may benefit more from addressing positive reinforcement risk factors, while treatment interventions for those who experience more consequences may benefit from attending to both positive and negative reinforcement.
Prevalence and morphology of different root canal systems in mandibular premolars: a cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Rae O , Parashos P 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study investigated the prevalence and morphology of C‐shaped and non‐C‐shaped root canal systems in permanent mandibular first (PM1) and second (PM2) premolars using retrospective analysis of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, and panoramic radiographs.MethodsCBCT scans from 2000 patients were screened for the presence of premolars with C‐shaped canals and then assessed at three axial levels to determine the canal classification. The teeth were also assessed for Vertucci configuration, number of roots, and radicular grooves. Pre‐existing panoramic radiographs were evaluated to identify features specific to PM1/2 with multiple canals or C‐shaped anatomy.ResultsA total of 1576 PM1 and 1424 PM2 from 880 patients were evaluated. The overall prevalence of C‐shaped canals was 2.2% (3.3% PM1, 1.0% PM2), with 49 (5.6%) patients presenting with at least one C‐shaped mandibular premolar. There were 2.3 ± 0.6 and 2.4 ± 0.5 different classifiable cross‐sections per tooth for PM1 and PM2, respectively. The sudden disappearance or bifurcation of a canal on panoramic radiographs was associated with the presence of multiple canals (P < 0.001) or C‐shaped anatomy (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThere was substantial variation in cross‐sectional anatomy within and between C‐shaped premolars, which will affect endodontic treatment planning. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
Burnout and its determinants among anaesthesia care providers in Switzerland: a multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gasciauskaite G. , Lunkiewicz J. , Braun J. , Kolbe M. , Seelandt J. , Spahn D. R. , Nöthiger C. B. , Tscholl D. W. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe escalating epidemic of burnout in healthcare professionals affects provider well‐being, patient care and sustainability of healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout among anaesthesia care providers (consultants, trainees or nurse anaesthetists) in Switzerland and identify risk factors to develop strategies for prevention. This multicentre cross‐sectional study was conducted at 22 anaesthesia departments in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland, using an online questionnaire. Burnout assessment was performed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Additionally, the questionnaire included questions on workplace and personal risk factors. Of 1630 anaesthesia care providers contacted, 688 (42%) completed the survey. Among respondents who specified their work positions (n = 676), 52% (149/287) of nurses and 59% (229/389) of physicians were at high risk of burnout; and 9% (26/287) of nurses and 18% (70/389) of physicians met the criteria for burnout syndrome. Logistic regression analysis found significant associations between burnout and perceived lack of support at work among physicians (odds ratio (95%CI) 2.66 (1.40–5.24), p = 0.004); being a trainee in the 1st and 2nd year of training (2.91 (1.14–7.41), p = 0.024); being a trainee with > 5 years of experience (2.78 (1.08–6.98), p = 0.031); and male gender among nurses (4.13 (1.62–11.2), p = 0.004) and physicians (2.32 (1.22–4.47), p = 0.011). Work‐related errors due to high workload or fatigue were reported by 65% (444/688) and consideration of leaving the profession due to working conditions was expressed by 46% (319/688) of respondents. Anaesthetic care providers in German‐speaking Switzerland experience a considerable prevalence of burnout, influenced mainly by workplace factors.
Crosscurrents of Contagion: Snakes, Rumours, Rivers, and Ebola in Sierra Leone's Borderlands
Authors: Anderson Samuel Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhen the Ebola virus crossed undetected into Sierra Leone and exacerbated the 2014–15 crisis, the World Health Organization blamed the breach on a traditional healer treating patients from Guinea. Meanwhile, local residents initially maintained that her death was not Ebola‐related but a serpent's curse, an assumption grounded in lived experience of snake charmer spectacles. Both narratives drowned out evidence that the virus spread not via the healer's covert herbalism, but via her professional connections at the local government clinic and, more broadly, an overtaxed and undertrained public health system. This article takes local rumours around Ebola as vernacular epidemiologies that resonated with sensory experience. They show that both community and humanitarian actors had information; complications arose from the diverse experiences and expectations that shaped responses to that information. Such expectations emerge from the borderland geography, where colonial infrastructures continue to channel perception according to “upriver”, “downriver”, and “crossriver” phenomenologies.