bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Postural Change on Blood Volume in Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ookawara Susumu , Suzuki Masayuki , Yahagi Tomoyasu , Saitou Mikio , Tabei Kaoru 
Published: April 2003

In healthy subjects, the blood volume (BV) increases rapidly after postural change from standing to the supine position. However, little is known about the effect of postural change on BV in long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, we have examined the BV change caused by adopting the supine position from standing by continuous hematocrit monitoring, using the CRIT-LINE instrument, in 8 anuric HD patients. The hematocrit was monitored for 25 min with the patient in the supine position just before HD. The percentage change in the BV (% Δ BV) was calculated from the hematocrit and approximated using the equation: % Δ BV = b – [1 – exp(–c × time (min)] –a × time (min). Coefficient a was the slope of the linear part in the % Δ BV, b was the magnitude of BV increase and c was the rate of BV increase. Then we examined the relationship between the coefficients (a, b and c) and clinical parameters. In all patients, % Δ BV increased quickly after adopting the supine position. The mean increases were 2.8 ± 0.6% after 5 min and 4.8 ± 0.5% after 25 min. There was a significant correlation between the value of % Δ BV calculated from the hematocrit and the value calculated using above equation (0.92 < r < 0.99, p < 0.001). Although coefficient a did not correlate with a clinical parameter, coefficient b showed a significant positive linear correlation with the serum albumin level (r = 0.816, p < 0.05) and coefficient c showed a significant positive linear correlation with the percentage change in interdialytic weight gain (r = 0.736, p < 0.05). Furthermore, based on the % Δ BV, we calculated the change in total BV, which had increased by 181.5 ± 21.9 ml after 25 min in the supine position. In conclusion, the change in the BV with time by continuous hematocrit monitoring using the CRIT-LINE instrument can be approximated by a modified monoexponential equation. BV increased quickly in HD patients after postural change from standing to the supine position.
Renal Functional Reserve in Patients with Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with and without Microalbuminuria
Authors: Guízar Juan-Manuel , Kornhauser C. , Malacara J.M. , Amador N. , Barrera J.A. , Esparza R. 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background/Aims:</i> During the first 10 years, two thirds of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have microalbuminuria (MA). Functional renal reserve (FRR) and its relationship with proteinuria and metabolic control are unknown at the early phases of disease. We investigated the frequency of MA in recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients, and its association with FRR. <i>Methods:</i> We studied 181 type 2 DM patients with less than 6 months since diagnosis. Renal volume, MA, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (ERPF) were evaluated before and after an acute oral protein load in 28 type 2 DM patients (14 with, and 14 without MA), and in 7 healthy subjects. <i>Results:</i> A total of 10.6% of the patients had MA. MA patients had higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels than those normoalbuminuric. Twenty recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients showed high basal GFR. Twelve of them had MA and insulin resistance. After the acute oral protein load, the control subjects and the patients without MA increased their GFR and their ERPF. The group with MA did not. <i>Conclusions:</i> Seventy-five percent of the patients were hyperfiltering. Normoalbuminuric patients had larger increase in GFR and ERRPF than MB patients. We conclude that FRR measurement can be an important tool for the diagnosis of latent diabetic nephropathy.
Polymorphism in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene: Its Impact on Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Carotid Atherosclerosis in ESRD Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Lim Paik-Seong , Hung Wan-Ru , Wei Yau-Huei 
Published: April 2003

The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in healthy subjects as well as in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this study, we examined the allelic frequency and genotype distribution of the MTHFR gene in 151 Chinese ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis and 135 healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the MTHFR gene polymorphism and the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level as well as the intima-media thickness of common carotid artery (CC-IMT) in these patients. The allelic frequency of the MTHFR gene with the C677T mutation in ESRD patients was 24.5% and that in healthy controls was 23%. Mean plasma Hcy level of the ESRD patients (23.1 ± 7.4 µmol/l) was significantly higher than that of the controls (10.1 ± 5.0 µmol/l), but did not correlate with vitamin B<sub>6</sub> and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> status. Moreover, the extent of hyperhomocysteinemia was genetically affected by the C677T mutation of the MTHFR gene. The plasma Hcy levels for the patients with the CC, CT and TT genotypes of the MTHFR gene were 22.3 ± 6.8, 22.8 ± 7.3, and 28.3 ± 2.8 µmol/l, respectively. In addition, we found that the patients bearing the TT genotype had the highest CC-IMT (0.93 ± 0.07 mm), whereas the lowest values (0.79 ± 0.13 mm) were observed in those who had the CC genotype. One-way ANOVA showed that the CC-IMT in the patients with the TT genotype was significantly greater than that of the patients with the CC genotype (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mean CC-IMT of the patients carrying either TT or CT genotype of the MTHFR gene was significantly higher than that of the patients bearing the CC genotype (0.86 ± 0.14 vs. 0.79 ± 0.13 mm, p = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis, in which the change in CC-IMT was used as the dependent variables, identified age, smoking, the MTHFR genotype (CC = 0, CT = 1, TT = 2) and diabetes mellitus as the independent variables significantly associated with the increase of CC-IMT (p < 0.001). These risk factors jointly explained 43.9% of the CC-IMT variation and age explained most of the variation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.34). We conclude that both the TT genotype and the T allele of the MTHFR gene are associated with the increase of CC-IMT in hemodialysis patients. The C677T mutation of the MTHFR gene may be an independent risk factor that predicts the development of carotid atherosclerosis in ESRD patients.
Possible Site of Decreased Intestinal Zinc Absorption in Chronic Uremic Rats
Authors: Wang Shu-Chi , Chen Yeong-Shiuh , Chen Shu-Ming , Young Tze-Kong 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background/Aims:</i> Previous zinc tolerance tests in uremic patients indicated decreased intestinal zinc absorption. In the present study, a zinc tolerance test was initially applied to a uremic rat model and subsequently the possible site of malabsorption investigated. <i>Methods:</i> Chronic uremia was induced by five-sixths nephrectomy. Both control and nephrectomized rats were divided into three groups including animals with intact intestine, removal of the jejunum, and removal of the ileum. Each rat was orally loaded with zinc sulfate (80 mg/kg) in conscious state. Blood samples were drawn before and after zinc load at different intervals during 6 h for zinc analysis. The area under the plasma zinc curve (AUC) and the maximal increase of plasma zinc level (C<sub>max</sub>) were calculated. <i>Results:</i> Jejunectomy decreased both AUC and C<sub>max</sub> in control and nephrectomized rats, whereas ileectomized animals remained, interestingly, unchanged with regard to these two parameters. Significant decreases in both AUC and C<sub>max</sub> were observed in nephrectomized rats as compared with the control rats. <i>Conclusions:</i> The jejunum is the main site of zinc absorption in response to a large oral load of zinc sulfate in both normal and uremic rats. The data further suggest that five-sixths nephrectomy reduces gastrointestinal zinc absorption in rats predominantly by the ileum.
Potential Value of CML-Hb in Predicting the Progression of Bone Cysts in Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis
Authors: Motomiya Yoshihiro , Iwamoto Hisahiko , Uji Yoshinori , Higashi Takuya , Uchimura Tomonori , Maruyama Ikuro 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background/Aim:</i> Carboxymethyllysine is one of the common advanced glycation end products in vivo. In a previous report, we were the first to describe the increase of circulating carboxymethyllysine-hemoglobin (CML-Hb) levels in hemodialysis patients, particularly in patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of CML-Hb in the progression of DRA using computed tomography images of 2-year or 3-year follow-up periods of patients with amyloid bone cysts at the hip joint. <i>Methods:</i> Circulating CML-Hb levels were measured as previously reported, and computed tomography scanning was conducted from 1996 to 1998 or 1999 in 57 hemodialysis patients whose original renal disease had been confirmed to be nondiabetic. Patients who showed a new growth of cysts or a growth rate of 30% or more were classified as progressive cases, while the other patients were classified as nonprogressive cases. <i>Results:</i> (1) The circulating CML-Hb levels showed a strong correlation with the DRA score by multiple regression analysis, and (2) patients with progression of amyloid cysts showed a significantly higher circulating CML-Hb level than patients without progression. <i>Conclusion:</i> Based upon these results, we conclude that measurement of circulating CML-Hb levels has a potential value in both judgment of the clinical state and prediction of progression of DRA in hemodialysis patients.
Crescent-Forming Mechanism in an Irreversible Thy-1 Model in Rats
Authors: Oyanagi Akihisa , Orikasa Michiaki , Kawachi Hiroshi , Ito Yumi , Koike Hiroko , Gejo Fumitake , Shimizu Fujio 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> The crescent-forming mechanism has not yet been fully clarified and a cell which constitutes a crescent still remains controversial. This study was undertaken to analyze the crescent-forming mechanism in an irreversible Thy-1 model by applying a new marker-recognizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) OS-3. <i>Methods:</i> An irreversible Thy-1 model was induced by an intravenous injection of 500 µg of anti-Thy-1 mAb 1-22-3 to unilaterally nephrectomized Wistar rats. Seven rats were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after the mAb injection respectively and the renal tissues were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. <i>Results: </i>Inflammatory cells were demonstrated mostly in the interstitium, but they were located within advanced cellular crescents in later stages. OS-3, which stained parietal glomerular epithelial cell (PGEC) only partly in a normal rat kidney section, reacted to PGEC more extensively at day 3 and also with cellular crescents at day 7. During the course of this model the podocytes lost their characteristic to be stained by anti-podocalyxcin Ab and obtained a new marker of a diseased state, i.e. to be positively stained by OS-3. <i>Conclusion: </i>Glomerular epithelial cells, but not inflammatory cells, are suggested to directly participate in the crescent formation in early stages, and podocytes with phenotypic changes might be partly involved in the formation of the crescents.
Consonant Length, Stød and Morae in Standard Danish
Authors: Grønnum Nina , Basbøll Hans 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAfter a brief summary of Hans Basbøll''s mora analysis of Danish stød, the results of an acoustic analysis of – primarily – consonant duration are reported. In natural running speech postvocalic stød bearing (moraic) sonorant consonants are not – as might be expected from previous investigations – systematically longer across positions than the corresponding stødless (non-moraic) consonants; therefore, in modern standard Copenhagen Danish, the moraic/non-moraic distinction in consonants is qualitative, not straightforwardly quantitative, as it is in vowels. Further, the results of an analysis of consonant duration in schwa assimilation are reported. The importance of citation form speech material versus more natural running speech is discussed.
Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in the Analysis of Recurrent <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infections in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Chang Horng-Rong , Lian Jong-Da , Shu Kuo-Hsiung , Cheng Chi-Hung , Wu Ming-Ju , Chen Cheng-Hsu , Lau Yeu-Jun , Hu Bor-Shen 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background/Aim:</i> The purpose of this study was to evaluate pusled-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for distinguishing between relapse and reinfection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). <i>Methods:</i> Between July 1993 and May 1997, 4 patients with recurrent CAPD-associated infections caused by <i>S. aureus</i> we enrolled in this study. There were nine episodes of peritonitis, one episode of temporary double lumen catheter infection, and one episode of Hickman catheter infection. A total of eleven <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were collected from peritoneal fluid (n = 9) and blood (n = 2). PFGE typing was applied. <i>Results:</i> In our study, from PFGE typing, the 11 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were classified into seven patterns. Antibiogram profiling classified only four patterns. Patient A had a reinfection by another strain of <i>S. aureus</i>, and patient B had three episodes of peritonitis caused by the same strain of <i>S. aureus</i> due to exit site infections. Patient C had two episodes of CAPD peritonitis caused by two different strains, respectively. Patient D had four episodes of <i>S. aureus</i> infection (three CAPD peritonitis and one bacteremia); the first two episodes of peritonitis were caused by an identical strain of <i>S. aureus</i>, whereas the subsequent two infections were caused by other organisms. <i>Conclusion:</i> PFGE has a high discriminatory power and can be an assistant method to antibiogram profiling for distinguishing relapse from reinfection in CAPD-associated peritonitis.
Comparison of Blood Loss with Different High-Flux and High-Efficiency Hemodialysis Membranes
Authors: Otti Theodore , Khajehdehi Parviz , Fawzy Ahmed , Gellens Mary , Bastani Bahar 
Published: April 2003

Iron deficiency is a common problem in patients on chronic HD. Earlier studies have shown significant blood loss per HD session. To identify whether the new more biocompatible high-flux or high-efficiency membranes are also responsible for significant blood loss during HD, we quantitated the amount of blood loss associated with 4 commonly used membranes (F-50, F-80, CA-210, and CT-190). The residual blood in each compartment of extracorporeal circuit was quantitated after total lysis of the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin assay, and calculation of the RBC volume using the patient’s hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations just prior to the study. The average residual RBC volume in different membranes was 0.2–0.3 ml. The residual RBC volume in the dialysis lines (arterial or venous) was 0.1–0.2 ml and did not correlate with the residual RBC volume in the dialysis membranes. The residual RBC volume in the whole extracorporeal circuit (HD membrane, arterial and venous lines) ranged from 0.5 to 0.6 ml. It was significantly higher with F-50 vs. CA-210. The residual RBC volume in the dialysis membrane was significantly higher in the F-80 vs. CA-210 and CT-190 dialyzers. There was also significant difference in the residual RBC volume in the arterial lines of F-50 vs. CT-190, and F-50 vs. F-80 dialyzers. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our results demonstrate for the first time that the total RBC loss per HD session is minimal in chronic HD patients.
Influence of Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor on Small Bowel Enzyme Activities during Rotavirus Infection in Malnourished Infant Mice
Authors: Katyal Ranjan , Rana Satyavati , Vaiphei Kim , Ojha Sudarshan , Singh Kartar , Singh Virendra 
Published: April 2003

Rotavirus (RV) is considered to be one of the major causes of acute episodic diarrhoea throughout the world. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of soybean trypsin inhibitor (TI) on brush-border enzymes during rotavirus infection in protein energy malnourished (PEM) infant mice. Animals were divided into 4 groups, namely controls, PEM, PEM+RV and PEM+RV+TI (n = 36 each). Group 1 and 2 animals were orally inoculated with 50 µl of normal saline each. Group 3 animals were orally inoculated with 50 µl of 100 ID<sub>50</sub> dose of RV stock each. Group 4 animals were similarly inoculated with 0.6 mg TI/g body weight along with 50 µl of RV stock each. Animals were examined daily for diarrhoea and their body weight was recorded on alternate days postinoculation (dpi). Animals were killed by cervical dislocation after being given light chloroform anesthesia on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 dpi. Small intestines were excised and homogenized in normal saline. Proteins, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidases were estimated in jejunum and ileum. Body weight was significantly reduced in PEM animals and with RV infection. Histologically, focal areas of vacuolar degeneration of lining epithelium were seen in RV-infected animals. Disaccharidases and other enzyme activities were decreased significantly in the PEM group compared to healthy controls and further depressed with RV infection in malnourished animals as compared to non-infected PEM. The enzyme activities were restored in animals receiving TI along with RV compared to the group receiving RV without TI. With the administration of soybean TI, the activities of disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and intestinal architecture were restored showing a protective effect in PEM during RV infection.
Acute Effects of Transdermal Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Manhem Karin , Ahlm Helen , Dellborg Mikael , Milsom Ian 
Published: April 2003

In the present study the acute anti-ischemic effect of clinically relevant doses of transdermal estradiol during concurrent antianginal therapy was investigated in 14 postmenopausal women with stable coronary artery disease. Plasma estradiol was significantly increased, but no significant effects on time to angina, time to 1 mm S–T depression, total exercise time, maximum rate-pressure product, maximum S–T depression or maximum workload were found. However, resting diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased due to estrogen.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and Coronary Heart Disease in Japanese Patients
Authors: Osawa Hiroyuki , Kawakami Masanobu , Fujii Mikihisa , Kubo Norifumi , Iwanaka Hisakazu , Yamamoto Wari , Saitoh Muneyasu , Yaginuma Toshio , Sugano Kentaro 
Published: April 2003

Although several independent studies have claimed a link between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and coronary heart disease (CHD), this association has not been established conclusively. The aim was to determine whether an association between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and CHD can be demonstrated in Japanese patients. Three-hundred and four patients who underwent consecutive coronary arteriography were investigated. Ninety-four patients had single-vessel coronary stenosis and 112 had multi-vessel stenosis. The remaining 98 patients had no significant stenosis in any coronary arteries. <i>H. pylori</i> infection was diagnosed serologically and the association between infection and CHD was estimated by the odds ratio. The serum pepsinogen (PG) I-II ratio was used to estimate the degree of gastric atrophy. Seropositivity for <i>H. pylori</i> was significantly higher in the patients with CHD (67%) than in the controls (50%; p = 0.006). The odds ratio for CHD after having <i>H. pylori</i> infection was estimated as 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.78; p = 0.028), after adjustment for the common risk factors of CHD in a logistic regression analysis. The association between CHD and <i>H. pylori</i> infection was more significant among patients without any history of diabetes or smoking. The PG I-II ratio in <i>H. pylori</i>-positive patients was significantly higher in the multi-vessel group (3.46) than in the control or single-vessel group (2.86, p = 0.030; 2.78, p = 0.008; respectively). <i>H. pylori</i> infection was shown to be an independent risk factor for CHD in Japanese patients, especially among those who did not have a history of diabetes or smoking. These data imply that the association between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and CHD is clinically relevant.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left-Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Moustapha Ali , Kaushik Vinod , Diaz Susana , Kang Seung-Ho , Barasch Eddy 
Published: April 2003

Different patterns of left-ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction were reported in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PHT). There are no data regarding the relationship between the severity of PHT and LV diastolic dysfunction. In order to determine the severity of PHT at which LV diastolic dysfunction occurs and to identify its pattern, we studied by Doppler echocardiography 120 patients with PHT (57 with severe PHT and 63 with mild or moderate PHT) and compared them with 75 normal controls. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) was measured by tricuspid regurgitant jet method and the usual transmitral LV diastolic indices were recorded. LV diastolic dysfunction of impaired relaxation type is most commonly seen in patients with severe PHT. No differences were observed between patients with mild and moderate PHT regarding LV diastolic function. A SPAP ≧60 mm Hg is needed to induce changes in the LV diastolic filling pattern.
Early Diagnosis of Hemorrhagic Transformation: Diffusion/Perfusion-Weighted MRI versus CT Scan
Authors: Nighoghossian N. , Hermier M. , Berthezène Y. , Wiart M. , Derex L. , Honnorat J. , Trouillas P. , Turjman F. , Froment J.C. 
Published: April 2003

Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques failed to image adequately acute hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Therefore, computed tomography (CT) is still needed to exclude intracerebral hemorrhage. New MRI techniques such as diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging (DWI and PWI) may improve the early detection of HT. The utility of this approach requires a direct comparison of the sensitivity of CT with these MRI techniques. <i>Methods:</i> Nine patients experienced an acute carotid artery territory ischemic stroke diagnosed on a first CT performed 3.8 ± 2 h after the onset of stroke. They underwent a second CT 12 ± 4 h after the onset of stroke, followed 35 ± 10 min later by an MRI protocol including: (1) an axial isotropic DWI SE echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence; (2) time of flight MR angiography (TOF MRA); (3) PWI with an axial T<sub>2</sub>*-weighted gradient echo EPI sequence using 20 ml gadolinium contrast agent (Gd-DTPA); HT was characterized on DWI SE EPI as a heterogeneous area of signal loss within the ischemic area; (4) at day 7, CT was also performed in all patients who had an early suspicion of bleeding according to MRI. <i>Results:</i> An HT was detected exclusively with CT in 1 out of 9 patients, while an MRI pattern of HT was found in 6 out of 9 patients. In 5 of these 6 patients, the CT scan did not show an obvious pattern of HT. Day 7 CT confirmed HT in all patients who had early suspicion of bleeding according to DWI criteria. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study suggests that new MRI techniques may allow an early detection of HT, thus improving the management of stroke.