bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soico-Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Small-Scale Fisher Households in Kerala State
Authors: Aswathy N.  , Najmudeen T. M.  
Published: December 2023

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic caused devastating and far-reaching impacts on the economic construct of several countries. The fisheries sector in India was impacted by the nationwide lockdown causing severe disruptions in fishing and marketing activities. In this context, an analysis of the socio-economic impact of the pandemic on small-scale fisher (SSF) households in Kerala was done.
Study Design: The fishery income, employment, household consumption, and indebtedness of the small-scale fishers during the pre- and post-pandemic period were analyzed based on the data collected from small-scale fisher households in Alappuzha, Ernakulam and Malappuram Districts. The information on access to relief and support measures and alternate livelihood sources was also collected to assess the economic security of the fisher households.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the pandemic years 2020 and 2021 in the selected coastal districts in Kerala state.
Methodology: Snowball sampling was adopted followed by telephonic interviews to collect the information from the fisher households. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis
Results: The annual fishing days declined from 134 to 82 days in Alappuzha district (38.8% reduction) and from 134 days to 70 days in Ernakulam district(47.76% reduction). The respondents in Ernakulam district reported a 34% reduction in consumption expenditure followed by 13% in Alappuzha and 11% in Ernakulam district. More than 75% of the respondents borrowed money to meet household expenses during the pandemic. The results indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic deepened the debt burden and exacerbated the livelihood constraints of the small-scale fishers
Conclusion: The Government transfer payments and relief measures during the pandemic were inadequate. The study proposes measures to improve the livelihood security and resilience of the fishers through the creation of alternate livelihood options, incentives to compensate for the loss of fishing days, debt relief measures, and sustainable markets.
Pubertal Development Pattern in HIV-Infected Girls in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Azubogu U. S.  , Ugwu R. O.  , Jaja T.  , Alikor E. A.  
Published: December 2023

Background: Unidentified and untreated pubertal abnormalities in HIV-infected girls may result in adverse psychosocial consequences as well as a reduced final adult height. The aim of the study was to determine the pubertal development pattern in HIV-infected girls receiving care in two tertiary hospitals in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving 90 HIV-infected girls aged 10-18 years and 90 age, sex and socio-economic class matched non-HIV-infected girls.
Results: The mean age of pubertal onset in HIV-infected girls was 11.57±1.05 which was significantly higher than the mean age of 10.78±0.69 seen in the non-HIV-infected group (ꭓ 2= 2.667, p=0.011). Sixty three (70%) of HIV-infected females had commenced puberty (Tanner stage 2 or above for breast development) compared to 83 (92.2%) of non-HIV-infected females. (χ2=16.277, p=0.003). Forty per cent (40%) of HIV-infected girls had attained menarche (40%) as against 52.2% in the comparison group but this difference was not statistically significant (χ2=2.705, p=0.100). There was a higher prevalence of pubertal delay in HIV-infected girls (6.7%) compared to non-HIV-infected girls (1.1%).
Conclusion: The mean age of Pubertal onset was significantly later in HIV-infected girls compared to non-HIV-infected. This could have negative implications for psychosocial and reproductive health in HIV-infected girls.
Detection of ESBLs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Body Fluids
Authors: Bhat Javid Ahmad , Jan Abiroo , Hakak Rubeena 
Published: December 2023

Background: The present study was carried out in order to detect the production of ESBLS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their susceptibility pattern against different antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 isolates of P. aeruginosa was analyzed for the production of ESBLs by using phenotypic confirmatory test and the results were determined. The antibiotic susceptibility against various antibiotics was performed by the Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar.
Results: Out of the 100 isolates tested 20 isolates were positive for the production of ESBLs, with a high prevalence of 36.3% found in the pus samples followed by the sputum (26%), blood (22.2%) and urine (5.4%), respectively. Imipenem was found to be the most effective antibiotic with 100 per cent susceptibility followed by Ofloxacin. A drug resistance of 57% for ceftazidime was noted against P. aeruginosa followed by cefotaxime. A high prevalence rate of P. aeruginosa was detected in males.
Conclusion: This study showed the rising tendency of multidrug-resistant strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family, especially P. aeruginosa in the hospital settings, which is a great concern for clinicians and patients to treat these resistant strains.
Wearable Biosensing to Predict Imminent Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Inpatient Youths With Autism
Authors: Imbiriba Tales , Demirkaya Ahmet , Singh Ashutosh , Erdogmus Deniz , Goodwin Matthew S. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceAggressive behavior is a prevalent and challenging issue in individuals with autism.ObjectiveTo investigate whether changes in peripheral physiology recorded by a wearable biosensor and machine learning can be used to predict imminent aggressive behavior before it occurs in inpatient youths with autism.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis noninterventional prognostic study used data collected from March 2019 to March 2020 from 4 primary care psychiatric inpatient hospitals. Enrolled participants were 86 psychiatric inpatients with confirmed diagnoses of autism exhibiting operationally defined self-injurious behavior, emotion dysregulation, or aggression toward others; 16 individuals were not included (18.6%) because they would not wear the biosensor (8 individuals) or were discharged before an observation could be made (8 individuals). Data were analyzed from March 2020 through October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresResearch staff performed live behavioral coding of aggressive behavior while inpatient study participants wore a commercially available biosensor that recorded peripheral physiological signals (cardiovascular activity, electrodermal activity, and motion). Logistic regression, support vector machines, neural networks, and domain adaptation were used to analyze time-series features extracted from biosensor data. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values were used to evaluate the performance of population- and person-dependent models.ResultsThere were 70 study participants (mean [range; SD] age, 11.9 [5-19; 3.5] years; 62 males [88.6%]; 1 Asian [1.4%], 5 Black [7.1%], 1 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander [1.4%], and 63 White [90.0%]; 5 Hispanic [7.5%] and 62 non-Hispanic [92.5%] among 67 individuals with ethnicity data). Nearly half of the population (32 individuals [45.7%]) was minimally verbal, and 30 individuals (42.8%) had an intellectual disability. Participant length of inpatient hospital stay ranged from 8 to 201 days, and the mean (SD) length was 37.28 (33.95) days. A total of 429 naturalistic observational coding sessions were recorded, totaling 497 hours, wherein 6665 aggressive behaviors were documented, including self-injury (3983 behaviors [59.8%]), emotion dysregulation (2063 behaviors [31.0%]), and aggression toward others (619 behaviors [9.3%]). Logistic regression was the best-performing overall classifier across all experiments; for example, it predicted aggressive behavior 3 minutes before onset with a mean AUROC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.79-0.81).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study replicated and extended previous findings suggesting that machine learning analyses of preceding changes in peripheral physiology may be used to predict imminent aggressive behaviors before they occur in inpatient youths with autism. Further research will explore clinical implications and the potential for personalized interventions.
Matrix‐Bound Hyaluronan Molecular Weight as a Regulator of Dendritic Cell Immune Potency
Authors: Quartey Brian Chesney , Sapudom Jiranuwat , ElGindi Mei , Alatoom Aseel , Teo Jeremy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix with immunoregulatory properties depending on its molecular weight (MW). However, the impact of matrix‐bound HA on dendritic cells (DCs) remains unclear due to varying distribution of HA MW under different physiological conditions. To investigate DCs in defined biosystems, 3D collagen matrices modified with HA of specific MW with similar microstructure and HA levels are used. It is found that HA MW influences cytokine binding to matrix, suggesting modulation of cytokine availability by the different HA MWs. These studies on DC immune potency reveal that low MW HA (8–15 kDa) enhances immature DC differentiation and antigen uptake, while medium (MMW‐HA; 500–750 kDa) and high MW HA (HMW‐HA; 1250–1500 kDa) increase cytokine secretion in mature DCs. The effect on DC phenotype and cytokine secretion by different MWs of HA is independent of CD44. However, blocking the CD44 receptor reveals its potential role in regulating acute inflammation through increased secretion of CCL2, CXCL8, and IL‐6. Additionally, MMW‐ and HMW‐HA matrices reduce migratory capacity of DCs, dependent on CD44. Overall, these findings provide insights into MW‐dependent effects of matrix‐bound HA on DCs, opening avenues for the design of DC‐modulating materials to enhance DC‐based therapy.
Phase‐Pure α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells via Activating Lead–Iodine Frameworks
Authors: Niu Tingting , Chao Lingfeng , Xia Yingdong , Wang Kaiyu , Ran Xueqin , Huang Xiao , Chen Changshun , Wang Jinpei , Li Deli , Su Zhenhuang , Hu Zhelu , Gao Xingyu , Zhang Jing , Chen Yonghua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNarrow bandgap cubic formamidine perovskite (α‐FAPbI3) is widely studied for its potential to achieve record‑breaking efficiency. However, its high preparation difficulty caused by lattice instability is criticized. A popular strategy for stabilizing the α‐FAPbI3 lattice is to replace intrinsic FA+ or I− with smaller ions of MA+, Cs+, Rb+, and Br−, whereas this generally leads to broadened optical bandgap and phase separation. Studies show that ions substitution‐free phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 can achieve intrinsic phase stability. However, the challenging preparation of high‐quality films has hindered its further development. Here, a facile synthesis of high‐quality MA+, Cs+, Rb+, and Br−‐free phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 perovskite film by a new solution modification strategy is reported. This enables the activation of lead–iodine (Pb─I) frameworks by forming the coated Pb⋯O network, thus simultaneously promoting spontaneous homogeneous nucleation and rapid phase transition from δ to α phase. As a result, the efficient and stable phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 PSC is obtained through a one‐step method without antisolvent treatment, with a record efficiency of 23.15% and excellent long‐term operating stability for 500 h under continuous light stress.
Dielectric Filler‐Induced Hybrid Interphase Enabling Robust Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries at High Areal Capacity
Authors: An Xufei , Liu Yang , Yang Ke , Mi Jinshuo , Ma Jiabin , Zhang Danfeng , Chen Likun , Liu Xiaotong , Guo Shaoke , Li Yuhang , Ma Yuetao , Liu Ming , He Yan‐Bing , Kang Feiyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe fillers in composite solid‐state electrolyte are mainly responsible for the enhancement of the conduction of Li ions but barely regulate the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a unique filler of dielectric NaNbO3 for the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based polymer electrolyte, which is subjected to the exchange of Li+ and Na+ during cycling, is reported and the substituted Na+ is engaged in the construction of a fluorinated Li/Na hybrid SEI with high Young's modulus, facilitating the fast transport of Li+ at the interface at a high areal capacity and suppressing the Li dendrite growth. The dielectric NaNbO3 also induces the generation of high‐dielectric β phase of PVDF to promote the dissociation of Li salt. The Li/Li symmetrical cell exhibits a long‐term dendrite‐free cycling over 600 h at a high areal capacity of 3 mA h cm−2. The LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/Li solid‐state cells with NaNbO3 stably cycle 2200 times at 2 C and that paired with high‐loading cathode (10 mg cm−2) can stably cycle for 150 times and exhibit excellent performances at −20 °C. This work provides a novel design principle of fillers undertaking interfacial engineering in composite solid‐state electrolytes for developing the safe and stable solid‐state lithium metal battery.
Robust Organogel Scintillator for Self‐healing and Ultra‐flexible X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Liu Lulu , Hu Haijing , Pan Wanting , Gao Hang , Song Jinmei , Feng Xiaopeng , Qu Wei , Wei Wei , Yang Bai , Wei Haotong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal halide scintillators serve as promising candidates for X‐ray detection due to their high attenuation coefficients, high light yields, and low‐cost solution‐processable characteristics. However, the issues of humidity/thermal quenching and mechanical fragility, remain obstacles to the broad and diversified development of metal halide scintillators. Here, this work reports a lead‐free, water‐stable, stretchable, and self‐healing (ethylenebis‐triphenylphosphonium manganese (II) bromide (C38H34P2)MnBr4 organogel scintillator that meets X‐ray imaging in complex scenarios. The robust organogel scintillator can be stretched with elongation up to 1300% while maintaining the scintillation properties. Activated by the dynamic hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds design, the organogel scintillator exhibits excellent self‐healing properties at room temperature to alleviate the vignetting problem of the rigid scintillator films, the X‐ray imaging resolution can reach 16.7 lp mm−1. The organogel scintillator can also realize flexible and self‐healing X‐ray imaging in water, providing a design path for portable devices in harsh conditions.
Surface activity of PDMS silicone oil applied as petroleum antifoamer
Authors: Perez Rafael F. , Santos Izabel C. V. M. , Macedo Vitor P. , Mendes Mariana T. , Ramalho João B. V. S. , Junior Osvaldo Karnitz , Mansur Claudia R. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn petroleum production, silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS) remains the most efficient product for combating foam, despite its negative effects on petroleum contamination and catalytic refining processes. This study aimed to evaluate the defoaming action of silicone oils with varying molar masses (ranging from 3 to 110 kg·mol−1) as defoamers in crude oils with different densities (20, 26, and 30°API). The results were correlated with the dilatational rheology obtained through pendant drop tensiometry of the oil samples. The silicone samples were characterized using gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis, while the petroleum samples underwent SARA (saturated, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) composition analysis, density measurement, and assessment of water content. The PDMS range of 8 to 30 kg·mol−1 exhibited enhanced antifoaming efficiency for the tested oils. A plateau in efficiency was observed when antifoamers were dosed above 15 ppm. Additionally, a reverse relationship between the initial formation of foam and the elastic modulus (G') of the oil in the presence of the antifoamer was observed, suggesting that the more effective antifoamer actually increased the elasticity of the film.
The assessment of affective decision‐making: Exploring alternative scoring methods for the Balloon Analog Risk Task and Columbia Card Task
Authors: Sambol Stjepan , Suleyman Emra , Ball Michelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAffective decision‐making (ADM) is recognized as the ability to effectively reappraise stimuli during these decisions to make choices that maximize long‐term outcomes. Currently, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is the gold‐standard measure of ADM. Previous research has shown that other commonly used decision‐making tasks such as the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and Columbia Card Task (CCT) are unrelated to the IGT and may assess distinct decision‐making constructs from ADM. Yet the exact decision‐making constructs that these tasks assess may be dependent on the scoring method utilized. One‐hundred and eight‐four participants (18–58 years; M = 26.29, SD = 7.79) completed the IGT, BART, and CCT. The relationships between these tasks while utilizing both traditional and novel scoring methods for the BART and CCT were investigated. Results showed that whether using the novel or traditional scoring methods, the BART failed to produce any meaningful relationships with the IGT or CCT. The BART may capture unique decision‐making processes involved during conditions of uncertainty, whereas the other tasks involve decision‐making processes under conditions of known risk. Alternatively, the lack of meaningful relationships may be due to the stochastic design of the BART. Conversely, the novel and traditional scoring methods for the CCT, which were not significantly correlated with each other, were both related to the IGT. Ultimately, this study showed that the CCT can capture different decision‐making constructs depending on the scoring methods used. The traditional scoring method, the total number of cards flipped, assesses risk propensity, whereas the newly developed optimal–suboptimal difference score assesses ADM.
Structural, luminescent and in vitro studies of europium‐doped soda lime phosphate glasses
Authors: Priya Ruby , Kaur Damandeep , Attri Komal , Kaur Sandeep , Sharda Deepinder , Choudhury Diptiman , Pandey O. P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, we have reported the effect of varying concentration of europium (Eu) in (50 − x)% P2O5–25% Na2O–24% CaO–% Eu2O3, where x = 1, 3, 5. The glass samples were synthesised via conventional melt‐quench method. The impact of europium ion (Eu3+) on the structural, optical and luminescent properties of phosphate soda lime glasses has been studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and photoluminescent techniques. The amorphous nature of glass samples was confirmed by XRD patterns. FTIR confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The emission spectra of synthesised samples exhibited intense emission peaks corresponding to Eu3+ under excitation at 393 nm. Among all the peaks, the maximum intensity was observed for 5D0 → 7F2 transition. Judd–Ofelt (J–O) parameters (Ω2, Ω4) and other radiative parameters such as band width, radiative transition probabilities, stimulated emission cross‐sections and branching ratio were determined from emission spectra. The other photometric parameters such as CIE coordinates and colour purity were also determined. Furthermore, cytotoxic studies were carried out on normal cell line human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293) using MTT assay. Results showed that the prepared samples significantly enhanced growth in glass sample‐treated cells as compared to control cells. These findings suggest that synthesised glass samples are biocompatible in nature and have potential for applications in display devices and biomedical research area.
Synthesis of Peptides Containing a Combination of Free and 2‐trans‐Cyclooctene Carbamate Protected Lysine Residues
Authors: Doelman W. , Ligthart N. A. M. , van de Plassche M. A. T. , de Geus M. A. R. , Reinalda L. , Isendoorn M. M. E. , Filippov D. V. , van Kasteren S. I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe allylic trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) functionality facilitates powerful control over the spatiotemporal activity of bio‐active molecules, enabling precision targeting of druglike and imaging modalities. However, the introduction of this function onto molecules remains chemically challenging, particularly for peptides. Modification with TCOs of this important class of biomolecules remains a challenge, primarily due to the sensitivity of the TCO group to the strong acids typically used in global deprotection during solid phase peptide synthesis. Here, we present a novel synthetic approach to site‐selectively introduce TCO‐groups in peptides. Our approach utilizes azide groups to mask amine functions, enabling selective introduction of the TCO on a single lysine residue. Staudinger reduction of the azides back to the corresponding amines proceeds without disturbing the sensitive TCO. We show that using our method, we can produce TCO‐inactivated antigenic peptides of previously unseen complexity.
Interventional cardiologist perceptions about PCI without surgical backup—Results of an international survey
Authors: Fernandez Christopher M. , Shroff Adhir R. , Vidovich Mladen I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without surgical backup is becoming increasingly common in the United States. Additionally, a recent SCAI expert consensus document has liberalized recommendations for performing PCI without cardiac surgery on site (SOS).AimsThe current study sought to understand practice patterns and operator preferences with regard to performing PCI without SOS.MethodsTwo internet‐based surveys were distributed to interventional cardiologists worldwide. Survey items asked about operator demographics, procedural preferences when performing PCI without SOS, self‐judged personality traits, and history of malpractice.ResultsBetween March 2021 and May 2021, 517 interventional cardiologists completed the survey; 341 of whom perform elective PCI without SOS (no‐SOS operators), and 176 who perform elective PCI with surgical backup (SOS operators). Most operators were male 473 (91.5%). There was a greater proportion of SOS operators in academic practice (86 vs. 75, p < 0.001) and greater proportion of no‐SOS operators in hospital‐owned practices (158 vs. 56, p < 0.001). Lesion characteristics (left main, chronic total occlusions, and need for atherectomy) were the most important procedural attributes for no‐SOS operators, and international operators reported higher comfort levels with PCI on high‐risk lesions. Cumulative personality profile scores were similar between SOS and no‐SOS operators. SOS operators expressed more concern with legal ramifications of performing PCI without SOS (2.57 vs. 2.34, p = 0.049).ConclusionsIn the absence of surgical backup, lesion characteristics were the most important consideration for PCI patient selection for operators worldwide. Compared to the United States, international operators were more confident in performing high‐risk PCI without surgical backup.
Endoleak in covered CP stent causes procedural failure during transcatheter closure of sinus venosus defects
Authors: Qureshi Farheen , Sivakumar Kothandam , Sagar Pramod 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTranscatheter sinus venosus defect closure uses a long covered stent of appropriate length and diameter across the cavoatrial junction after balloon interrogation. The fabric in the covered stent creates a roof for the right upper pulmonary vein that closes the interatrial communication and redirects the vein into the left atrium behind the stent. A fabric tear in the covered stent may cause endoleak that will result in residual flows across the struts of the covered stent, causing procedural failure. This report highlights the identification of fabric leak by angiography and transesophageal echocardiography and steps to overcome this complication by the placement of another overlapping covered stent.