bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences and Disparities Among Self-Referred and Physician-Referred Populations Undergoing Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning
Authors: Marzlin Nathan , Chapel Andrew , Adefisoye James , Garg Kritika , Zlochiver Viviana , Walczak Sara , Plautz Doreen , Peterson Michael , Muthukumar Lakshmi , Harland Daniel R. , Jain Renuka , Port Steven , Galazka Patrycja 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Coronary artery calcium computed tomography (CAC) is an important tool for identifying subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk stratification. Despite robust evidence and inclusion in current guidelines, CAC is considered investigational by some US insurance carriers and requires out-of-pocket expenses. CAC can be obtained via self-referral (SR) or physician referral (PR). We aimed to examine differences in patient, socioeconomic, and CAC characteristics between referral groups.

METHODS:
We evaluated demographic, medical history, and CAC results of consecutive patients with a CAC completed at one of multiple Wisconsin sites from March 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021. We separated patients into SR and PR groups. Through census data, we analyzed socioeconomic variables at the block level including race and ethnicity, median income, average household size, and high school completion in the areas where patients resided at the time of CAC.

RESULTS:

The final analysis included 19 726 patients: 13 835 (70.1%) PR and 5891 (29.9%) SR. Most patients in both groups were White (95.2% versus 95.1%), with the Black/African American population representing 2.7% (SR) and 2.3% (PR). The PR group had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. SR patients were more likely to have a score of 0 (41.2% versus 38.1%;
P
<0.001); PR patients had a higher prevalence of CAC >300 (16.8% versus 14.8%;
P
<0.001). SR patients were more likely to be women (55.1% versus 48.9%;
P
<0.001) and were found to live in higher income areas (19.5% versus 16.4%;
P
<0.001). Patients from low-income areas comprised the smallest proportion in both groups (7.5%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients who obtain out-of-pocket CAC live predominantly in medium- and high-income areas, and patients from lower income locations are less likely to obtain CAC despite having more cardiovascular disease risk factors. Consideration should be made from a policy perspective to promote health equity and improve utilization of CAC testing among underrepresented groups.
Sex-Specific Association Between Perivascular Inflammation and Plaque Vulnerability
Authors: Kinoshita Daisuke , Suzuki Keishi , Yuki Haruhito , Niida Takayuki , Fujimoto Daichi , Minami Yoshiyasu , Dey Damini , Lee Hang , McNulty Iris , Ako Junya , Ferencik Maros , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Jang Ik-Kyung 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
It is not known whether there is a sex difference in the association between perivascular inflammation and plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific association between perivascular inflammation and plaque vulnerability.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography were enrolled. All images were analyzed at a core laboratory. The level of perivascular inflammation was assessed by pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation on computed tomography angiography and the level of plaque vulnerability by optical coherence tomography. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to tertile levels of culprit vessel pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (low inflammation, ≤−73.1 Hounsfield units; moderate inflammation, −73.0 to −67.0 Hounsfield units; or high inflammation, ≥−66.9 Hounsfield units).

RESULTS:

A total of 968 lesions in 409 patients were included: 184 lesions in 82 women (2.2 plaques per patient) and 784 lesions in 327 men (2.4 plaques per patient). Women were older (median age, 71 versus 65 years;
P
<0.001) and had less severe coronary artery disease with a lower plaque burden than men. In women, it was found that perivascular inflammation was significantly associated with plaque vulnerability, with a higher prevalence of thin-cap fibroatheroma and greater macrophage grades in the high inflammation group compared with the low inflammation group (low versus moderate versus high inflammation in women: 18.5% versus 31.8% versus 46.9%,
P
=0.002 for low versus high inflammation; 3 versus 4 versus 12,
P
<0.001 for low versus high inflammation, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed among the 3 groups in men.

CONCLUSIONS:
Perivascular inflammation was associated with a higher prevalence of thin-cap fibroatheroma and more significant macrophage accumulation in women but not in men.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04523194.
Freezing from the heat: Building overcooling in Qatar
Authors: Alnuaimi Abdulla , Natarajan Sukumar , Kershaw Tristan , Guo Jiwei 
Published: February 2024

Qatar has the unfortunate reputation of the country with the highest per-capita carbon emissions in the world, 15% of which is due to space cooling demand. We investigate the extent to which this demand is driven by ‘overcooling’ in non-domestic buildings, that is low indoor set-points resulting in wasted energy and cold thermal discomfort. Using a recently developed overcooling metric, ISO 7730 compliant sensors and occupant survey data comprising 2,472 responses from eight morphologically diverse office buildings, we find that 32% of occupants can be classed as uncomfortably cold. Our analysis implicates the application of the ‘international’ ASHRAE 55 thermal comfort standard in the observed overcooling. Using computer models of the studied buildings, we find that this overcooling is responsible for 27% of their cooling energy demand, translating to 4% of national cooling energy demand and 2% of carbon for all non-domestic buildings. Thus, a simple upward adjustment of set-point temperatures by ∼ 2°C in non-domestic buildings would greatly improve comfort and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions without changing the building or its systems. This suggests an urgent need for a new localised thermal comfort standard, with wider regional applicability due to similar culture and climates. Practical application Eliminating building overcooling yields in a notable reduction of 8.5% of cooling energy demand for every 1°C increase in the indoor setpoint temperature. This reduction results in an average of 32.3 kW·h/m2/yr in a typical office building in Qatar. A comfort temperature of 24.9°C is suggested which is on average of 1.5°C warmer than the currently applied indoor temperature setpoint, resulting in substantial cooling reductions and increased thermal comfort. In practice, raising the indoor setpoint temperature by 2°C could prevent building overcooling, improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce cooling energy demand across in warm climates.
Evaluation of a New Method for CyberKnife Treatment for Central Lung and Mediastinal Tumors by Tracheobronchial Tracking
Authors: Suzuki Toshihiro , Saito Masahide , Takahashi Hiroshi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Makino Koji , Ueda Koji , Mochizuki Koji , Mochizuki Zennosuke , Nemoto Hikaru , Sano Naoki , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

Background CyberKnife treatment for central lung tumors and mediastinal tumors can be difficult to perform with marker less. Purpose We aimed to evaluate a novel tracheobronchial-based method (ie, tracheobronchial tracking) for the purpose of minimally invasive CyberKnife treatment for central lung and mediastinal tumors. Methods Five verification plans were created using an in-house phantom. Each plan included five irradiation sessions. The reference plan irradiated and tracked the simulated tumor (using the target tracking volume, TTV). Trachea plans tracked the simulated tracheo-bronchus and irradiated the simulated tumor and included two types of subplans: correlated plans in which the displacement of the simulated tracheobronchial and the simulated tumor were correlated, and non-correlated plans in which these factors were not correlated. Moreover, 15 mm and 25 mm TTVs were evaluated for each plan. The sin waveform and the patient's respiratory waveform were prepared as the respiratory model. Evaluations were performed by calculating the dose difference between the radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPLD)-generated mean dose values (generated by the treatment planning system, TPS) and the actual absorbed RPLD dose. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate findings for each plan. Correlation and prediction errors were calculated for each axis of each plan using log files to evaluate tracking accuracy. Results Dose differences were statistically significant only in comparisons with the non-correlated plan. When evaluated using the sin waveform, the mean values for correlation and prediction errors in each axis and for all plans were less than 0.6 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. In the same manner, they were less than 1.1 mm and 0.2 mm when evaluated using the patient's respiratory waveform. Conclusion Our newly-developed tracheobronchial tracking method would be useful in facilitating minimally invasive CyberKnife treatment in certain cases of central lung and mediastinal tumors.
Are routine chest radiographs still indicated after central line insertion? A scoping review
Authors: Brindley P. G. , Deschamps J. , Milovanovic L. , Buchanan B. M. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Central venous catheters are increasingly inserted using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) guidance. Following insertion, it is still common to request a confirmatory chest radiograph for subclavian and internal jugular lines, at least outside of the operating theater. This scoping review addresses: (i) the justification for routine post-insertion radiographs, (ii) whether it would better to use post-insertion POCUS instead, and (iii) the perceived barriers to change. Methods: We searched the electronic databases, Ovid MEDLINE (1946-) and Ovid EMBASE (1974-), using the MESH terms (“Echography” OR “Ultrasonography” OR “Ultrasound”) AND “Central Venous Catheter” up until February 2023. We also searched clinical practice guidelines, and targeted literature, including cited and citing articles. We included adults (⩾18 years) and English and French language publications. We included randomized control trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, systematic reviews, and surveys. Results: Four thousand seventy-one articles were screened, 117 full-text articles accessed, and 41 retained. Thirteen examined cardiac/vascular methods; 5 examined isolated contrast-enhanced ultrasonography; 7 examined isolated rapid atrial swirl sign; and 13 examined combined/integrated methods. In addition, three systematic reviews/meta-analyses and one survey addressed barriers to POCUS adoption. Discussion: We believe that the literature supports retiring the routine post-central line chest radiograph. This is not only because POCUS has made line insertion safer, but because POCUS performs at least as well, and is associated with less radiation, lower cost, time savings, and greater accuracy. There has been less written about perceived barriers to change, but the literature shows that these concerns- which include upfront costs, time-to-train, medicolegal concerns and habit- can be challenged and hence overcome.
The Psychology of ACL Injury, Treatment, and Recovery: Current Concepts and Future Directions
Authors: Sheean Andrew J. , DeFoor Mikalyn T. , Spindler Kurt P. , Arner Justin W. , Athiviraham Aravind , Bedi Asheesh , DeFroda Steven , Ernat Justin J. , Frangiamore Salvatore J. , Nuelle Clayton W. , Sheean Andrew J. , Spindler Kurt P. , Bedi Asheesh 
Published: February 2024

Context: Interest in the relationship between psychology and the outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) continues to grow as variable rates of return to preinjury level of activity continue to be observed. Evidence Acquisition: Articles were collected from peer-reviewed sources available on PubMed using a combination of search terms, including psychology, resilience, mental health, recovery, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Further evaluation of the included bibliographies were used to expand the evidence. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: General mental health and wellbeing, in addition to a host of unique psychological traits (self-efficacy, resilience, psychological readiness and distress, pain catastrophizing, locus of control, and kinesiophobia) have been demonstrated convincingly to affect treatment outcomes. Moreover, compelling evidence suggests that a number of these traits may be modifiable. Although the effect of resilience on outcomes of orthopaedic surgical procedures has been studied extensively, there is very limited information linking this unique psychological trait to the outcomes of ACLR. Similarly, the available information related to other parameters, such as pain catastrophizing, is limited with respect to the existence of adequately sized cohorts capable of accommodating more rigorous and compelling analyses. A better understanding of the specific mechanisms through which psychological traits influence outcomes can inform future interventions intended to improve rates of return to preinjury level of activity after ACLR. Conclusion: The impact of psychology on patients’ responses to ACL injury and treatment represents a promising avenue for improving low rates of return to preinjury activity levels among certain cohorts. Future research into these areas should focus on specific effects of targeted interventions on known, modifiable risk factors that commonly contribute to suboptimal clinical outcomes. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B.
Preference for long-acting injectable for ART and PrEP among people with and without HIV: a cross-sectional study in Argentina
Authors: Sciannameo Sergio , Zalazar Virginia , Spadaccini Luciana , Duarte Mariana , Cahn Pedro , Aristegui Ines , Sued Omar 
Published: February 2024

Background: Little is known about the preferences for antiretroviral therapy (ART) administration methods, such as oral daily pills or long-acting injectable (LAI) options, as well as preferences for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) administration methods among people without HIV in Latin America. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the preferences for ART administration methods among people with HIV and PrEP methods among those without HIV, as well as to examine the correlations and reasons for these preferences. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire between April and July 2021, using social media accounts of a HIV non-governmental organization. The questionnaire was open to all adults living in Argentina, irrespective of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Methods: The questionnaire included questions on substance use, depression, chronic treatment, previous experiences with injectable medication, and HIV status. Those with HIV answered questions about ART adherence and their preferences for ART methods, while those without HIV were asked about condom use, awareness of PrEP, and their preferences for PrEP methods. Results: Out of 1676 respondents, 804 had HIV, and 872 did not. Among those with HIV, 91.5% expressed a high preference for LAI-ART, with significantly higher preferences among participants with higher educational levels, cisgender gay, bisexual, and queer men, younger individuals, and those with prior injectable medication experience. Among those without HIV, 68% preferred LAI-PrEP, and this preference was positively associated with previous positive experiences with injectable medication. Conclusion: The strong preference for LAI-ART suggests the potential for improved adherence and well-being among people with HIV. Additionally, the preference for LAI-PrEP among those without HIV emphasizes the importance of considering this option for HIV prevention strategies. This study highlights the need to offer diverse methods for ART and prevention to accommodate different preferences and improve health care outcomes in Latin America.
Exploring how health-related advertising interference contributes to the development of cyberchondria: A stressor–strain–outcome approach
Authors: Zhang Xinmiao , Zheng Han , Zeng Yueliang , Zou Jiayi , Zhao Lin 
Published: February 2024

Objectives Cyberchondria is increasingly recognized as the dark side of digital health, given the pervasive use of the internet as a main source of health information in people's daily lives. While previous studies have identified many factors contributing to cyberchondria, there is a dearth of research on the impact of health-related advertisements. Therefore, this study adopts the stressor–strain–outcome (SSO) model to investigate how health-related advertising interference is directly and indirectly related to cyberchondria. Methods To empirically validate the proposed research model, we conducted an online survey with 437 internet users with medical information seeking experience in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the survey data. Results Our findings revealed a positive, direct association between health-related advertising interference and cyberchondria. Meanwhile, advertising interference was positively related to both information overload and information irrelevance, with the former further predicting cyberchondria. Moreover, doctor–patient communication weakened the positive effect of information overload on cyberchondria. Conclusions The study not only theoretically contributes to the literature by theorizing the relationship between health-related advertising interference and cyberchondria but also practically underlines the pivotal role of effective doctor–patient communication in reducing the development of cyberchondria.
Histological evaluation of tissue destruction in mouse tongues caused by cryosurgery
Authors: Kawai Tadashi , Ogawa Atsushi , Hoshi Isao , Yamada Hiroyuki , Fujimura Akira 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Cryosurgery is recognized as a treatment option for various types of oral lesions. Although cryosurgery is less invasive and easier to perform than surgical treatments, adverse events, such as stomatitis and scarring can occur if the freezing is excessive. There are few studies regarding the effects of cryosurgery on the surrounding soft tissues. Thus, this study investigated the extent of tissue destruction and healing progress in tongues of mice who underwent cryosurgery. Methods Eight-week-old male BALB/c mice were used. An instrument cooled with liquid nitrogen was lightly touched on the right side of the tongue for 5 s, and a second test was performed 10 s later. Histological evaluation was performed 3, 7, and 14 days after cryosurgery. Blood vessels were evaluated with India ink at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after cryosurgery. Results Destruction of the soft tissue spread to the left side of the tongue after 3 days. At 7 days, it was confirmed that the muscle tissue was in the process of repair and was completely repaired at 14 days. Although blood vessels were not confirmed at 3 days, they were visible after seven days and were confirmed at 21 days all over the tongue. Discussion and Conclusion These results indicated that the tissue destruction caused by cryosurgery was extensive and suggest that the duration and frequency of freezing should be minimized for clinical use. Lay Summary Cryosurgery is a treatment method for various types of oral lesions. Freezing the lesion causes the tissue to collapse, resulting in its disappearance. Although cryosurgery is less invasive and easier to perform than surgical treatments, adverse events, such as stomatitis and scarring can occur if the freezing is excessive. This study investigated the extent of tissue destruction and healing progress in tongues of mice who underwent cryosurgery. The right side of mice tongues were frozen by an instrument cooled with liquid nitrogen for 5 s, and a second test was performed 10 s later. The tissue destruction was evaluated at 3, 7, and 14 days after freezing. Blood vessels were evaluated with India ink at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after freezing. Tissue destruction spread to the left side of the tongue after 3 days. At 7 days, it was confirmed that the muscle tissue was in the process of repair and was completely repaired at 14 days. Blood vessel repair was confirmed at 21 days in the throughout tongue. These results indicated that the tissue destruction caused by cryosurgery was large and suggest that the duration and frequency of freezing should be minimized for clinical use.
Association of Quadriceps Tendon Harvest for ACL Reconstruction With Development of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Patella in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hidalgo Perea Sofia , Chipman Danielle E. , Cordasco Frank A. , Lin Kenneth M. , Gorelick Danielle , Asaro Lori A. , Green Daniel W. 
Published: February 2024

Background: There are various reported complications after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) necessitating additional surgery in skeletally immature patients, regardless of technique and autograft type. Purpose: To analyze the rate and type of complications encountered with soft tissue quadriceps tendon autograft (QTA) for ACLR in patients ≤18 years as well as the overall rate of second surgery, unrelated to the use of the QTA. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 141 patients ≤18 years who underwent ACLR with a QTA and had minimum 6-month follow-up were included. All patients underwent ACLR by utilizing a full-thickness soft tissue QTA. Complications associated with the QTA harvest site and use of QTA were reported. Results: The mean age of the included cohort (84 men, 57 women) was 14.8 ± 1.6 years. The average follow-up was of 2.0 ± 1.2 years. A total of 30 (21%) patients had a subsequent complication that required surgical intervention; in 11 (8%) patients, the complication was specifically associated with the use of a QTA, whereas in 19 (13%) patients, the complication was related to the ACLR. In addition, 13 (9%) patients underwent a contralateral ACLR procedure. Of the QTA-related complications, 2 patients developed osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)-like lesions in the superior aspect of the patella, 2 patients had injured their quadriceps extensor mechanism and required surgical repair, and 8 patients had a subsequent procedure to remove nonabsorbable sutures used for donor site quadriceps tendon closure. One of the patients who underwent the removal of nonabsorbable sutures also had an arthroscopic debridement of patellar chondral damage. Conclusion: We reported complications encountered with soft tissue QTA for ACLR. The complication rate for QTA harvest was 8%. However, given that the removal of nonabsorbable sutures from the donor site was caused by the surgical technique used, the revised nonsuture-related complication rate for QTA graft harvest was 2%. Although the use of a QTA has recently gained popularity due to its high return-to-sport and low graft-failure rates, surgeons should be aware of the complications associated with using this graft type.