bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
My world is ok, but yours is not: television news, the optimism gap, and stress
Authors: McNaughton‐Cassill Mary E. , Smith Tom 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPublic opinion polls reliably find a disparity between people's views of the state of their own communities and of the nation in general. This discrepancy, frequently called the Optimism Gap, is often attributed to the fact that people have personal knowledge of things around them, but derive their larger world‐view from media sources such as television, which tend to over emphasize the negative, risky aspects of life. This study explores this premise, as well as the possibility that emotional factors such as depression, anxiety, and anger also play a role. Data from 171 participants were analysed. Overall, people rated problems in the nation in general as more severe than those in their own communities. Television exposure was predictive of ratings of problems nationwide, but not of problems in respondents' own communities, while attention paid to the television news was related to ratings of national and community problems. Depression, irrational beliefs, and anger arousal were all related to ratings of problems in the nation in general, while anger arousal and optimism were predictive of ratings of problems in respondents' own communities. These findings suggest that the links between television news exposure and mental health should be explored further. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mental health problems and British workers: a survey of mental health problems in employees who receive counselling from Employee Assistance Programmes
Authors: Arthur Andrew R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study assesses levels of psychological disturbance in employees who attend counselling schemes provided by their employer through Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs). Over two‐thirds (33) of the organizations covered by a major United Kingdom EAP provider allowed their employees to be surveyed. A standardized and well‐respected screening test aimed at detecting psychiatric disorders in the community (General Health Questionnaire) was given to employees when they visited counsellors. Steps were taken to ensure confidentiality and anonymity. One hundred and eleven of 466 (24 per cent) employees receiving counselling returned questionnaires and the results show 86.6 per cent of these experienced significantly high levels of psychiatric problems. Findings suggest that a significant proportion of employees who experience stress in the workplace and consequently attend their employer's EAP may have serious mental health symptoms, and that employers are providing a service for those in genuine psychological need. The study also raises the possibility that when some employees complain of ‘stress’ in the workplace, they may in fact be experiencing significant mental health problems, particularly anxiety and depression, requiring professional assistance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Market position, resource profile, and governance: linking Porter and Williamson in the context of international courier and small package services in Japan
Authors: Nickerson Jack A. , Hamilton Barton H. , Wada Tetsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo economic theories that have had an immense impact on modern strategic management research are Porter's strategic positioning framework (SPF) and Williamson's transaction cost economics (TCE). While both theories have contributed to our understanding of strategic management and to the choice of strategy and structure, each theory offers managerial prescriptions that are incomplete at best. We contend that if followed in isolation, each theory can lead to inferior performance. This paper, which studies the international courier and small package (IC&SP) services in Japan, improves upon prescriptions from both theories by linking Porter's and Williamson's approaches. Our main proposition is contained in three relationships that predict a fit among three strategic choices: market position, resource profile, and organizational structure. We test our predictions with a three‐stage, reduced‐form, endogenous self‐selection model. While our empirical methodology is complicated and relies on a multilevel analysis, the methodology is necessary both for analyzing a constellation of activities in the vertical chain and for assessing strategy, structure, and performance when data can be drawn from only a limited number of firms. Our results suggest that a firm's market position, resource profile, and organizational choice are related in ways predicted by a positioning‐economizing perspective. To be sure, our study is ambitious and suffers from a number of limitations; nevertheless, it provides one of the first attempts to theoretically and empirically link Porter's SPF and Williamson's TCE. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incumbent's advantage through exploiting complementary assets via interfirm cooperation
Authors: Rothaermel Frank T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractI examine interfirm cooperation between incumbents and new entrants as a mechanism for incumbents to adapt to radical technological change through exploitation of complementary assets. The research setting is the biopharmaceutical industry, where I analyze 889 strategic alliances between 32 large pharmaceutical firms and providers of the new biotechnology. I find that incumbents that focus their network strategy on exploiting complementary assets outperform incumbents that focus on exploring the new technology. However, there are limits to this strategy due to diminishing marginal returns to alliance intensity. I am also able to show that an incumbent's new product development is positively associated with its performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of ERP software maintenance: a multiple case study
Authors: Nah Fiona Fui‐Hoon , Faja Silvana , Cata Teuta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA multiple case study approach was employed to identify maintenance activities pertaining to enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, classify them into maintenance categories, and assess their relative frequency at various stages of the ERP maintenance lifecycle. Five maintenance categories (corrective, adaptive, perfective, preventive, user support) were identified from a review of the literature on software maintenance. A new category pertaining to ‘communication, coordination and knowledge exchange with external parties’ and herein labeled ‘external parties’ is introduced to highlight the supporting role of external parties in ERP maintenance. This category includes reporting problems to vendors and consultants, tracking their progress towards problem resolution, and coordinating work and relations with vendors, consultants, and external user‐organizations. This study also highlights some differences between maintenance trends of ERP versus traditional systems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintaining traceability links during object‐oriented software evolution
Authors: Antoniol G. , Canfora G. , Casazza G. , De Lucia A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a method to build and maintain traceability links and properties of a set of object‐oriented software releases. The method recovers an ‘as is’ design from C++ software releases, compares recovered designs at the class interface level, and helps the user to deal with inconsistencies by pointing out regions of code where differences are concentrated. The comparison step exploits edit distance and a maximum match algorithm. The method has been experimented with on two freely available C++ systems. Results as well as examples of applications to the visualization of the traceability information and to the estimation of the size of changes during maintenance are reported in the paper. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and implementation of a video browsing system for the Internet
Authors: Tavanapong Wallapak , Hua Kien A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent advances in multimedia processing technologies, internet‐working technologies, and the World Wide Web phenomenon have resulted in a vast creation and use of digital videos. Due to this reason, an efficient technique to locate and retrieve a desired video from a remote video archive is needed. A trial‐and‐error approach popularly used in current Web search engines is not applicable for searching for a desired video segment since the technique incurs intolerable delays. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a video browsing system that lets the user view a summary of a selected video and search within the video while being downloaded so that the user can determine the relevance of the video as early as possible. The system is inexpensive and scalable, making it suitable for large‐scale distributed systems such as the Internet. The browsing system consists of two major software components: a video server, and a video browser and player calledVideoCenterimplemented using Microsoft DirectShow multimedia development kit. The implementation of VideoCenter enables us to assess the ease of use of DirectShow as well as its drawbacks in developing multimedia applications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sociological systems theory of interorganizational network development in health and social care
Authors: van Raak Arno , Paulus Aggie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the health and social care sectors of European countries the number of regional interorganizational networks of providers is growing. Since facilitating development of such networks for the purpose of multi‐agency working increasingly becomes an issue, theories must be drawn up to understand network development, possible absence of development included. We have taken up the challenge. Based on empirical data and elaborating on the work of authoritative authors we formulated a sociological systems theory on interorganizational network development. Here we present the theory, which is the result of a case study in the Dutch care sector. In our theory, we consider interorganizational networks as social systems. Therefore, we used knowledge from social system theory. However, we added knowledge from interactionism, especially the concept of ‘meaning’. It is argued that the combination of both perspectives into one theory allows a better understanding of network development. The concept of ‘steering’ is the junction where the perspectives meet. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The autopoiesis of educational organizations: the impact of the organizational setting on educational interaction
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOrganizations are able to motivate and coordinate human activities in special ways. In modern society, organizations are present in almost every social subsystem. From the end of the eighteenth century onward, education also predominantly takes place in school organizations. In this article, the consequences of this organizational framing of education are examined. How are schools able to organize processes of education, although education depends so much upon face‐to‐face interaction? How is education itself affected by the fact that it takes place in an organized context? This article deals with these questions, while making use of a systems‐theoretical framework that highlights the autopoietic autonomy of educational organizations in modern society. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Additional Resources on Asian Americans
Authors: Kodama Corinne Maekawa , Lee Sunny , Liang Christopher T.H. , Alvarez Alvin N. , McEwen Marylu K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe authors identify Asian American associations and organizations, academic journals, periodicals, and media resources. Selected annotated resources on Asian American activism and politics, counseling and psychology, educational issues, gender and sexual orientation, history, policy reports, and racial and ethnic identity are also included.
Technical aspects of minimal residual disease detection in carcinoma patients
Authors: Lacroix Jeannine , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe burden of occult malignant cells which remains after a course of treatment that has resulted in clinical remission is referred to as minimal residual disease (MRD). MRD is increasingly considered as a determinant of local or systemic recurrence in cancer patients. During the last 20 years, methods for the detection of rare cancer cells have evolved from mere cytomorphological investigations to a variety of immunological and molecular assays. Since surgical therapy remains the best treatment option for cancer patients with resectable tumors, the first question to address is whether the removal of the tumor was complete or some cancer cells remained from the tumor at the primary site. Several tumor‐associated DNA alterations have been identified to solve this diagnostic problem. Assays detecting tumor‐associated DNA alterations have been applied to resection margins and body fluids such as bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, urine, pancreatic juice, colonic lavage, and stool. Due to the higher sensitivity of immunocytochemical and reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)‐based assays, the second question to be addressed is whether systemic hematogenous or lymphatic spread of cancer cells occurred. Disseminated cancer cells have been detected in bone marrow aspirates, peripheral blood, and lymph node biopsies, and cancer cell dissemination is regarded as a relevant and independent prognostic factor. Thus, sensitive techniques for the detection of MRD are likely to guide indications for surgical or adjuvant therapy protocols in clinical oncology. However, since many of the assays for the detection of MRD are complex, and results are influenced by a variety of technical aspects, the majority of diagnostic applications have not yet been sufficiently standardized. Consequently, quality control and reproducibility of minimal disease detection assays remain unsolved problems. Therefore, well controlled collaborative studies are urgently required to evaluate indications and diagnostic standards for these assays. This review summarizes technical aspects and their implications for the clinical application of presently available assays for MRD detection in carcinoma patients. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 20:252–264, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minimal residual disease in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Kienle Peter , Koch Moritz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTumor progression after curative resection of gastrointestinal carcinomas is probably caused by pre‐ or intraoperative tumor cell dissemination. Disseminated tumor cells are generally detected by immunohistochemistry‐ or PCR‐based molecular‐biology methods. A consensus on which is the most adequate detection method has not yet been found, which makes the comparison of data difficult. The prognostic relevance of disseminated cells has been shown, at least in part, for esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colonic cancer. The data regarding hepatocellular cancer is conflicting. This article gives a critical review of tumor cell detection in gastrointestinal cancer. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 20:282–293, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creating dynamic content for the Web using Perl
Authors: Bates Chris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWeb development is one of the growth areas of programming. The creators of E‐commerce and small hobby sites use many of the same tools and techniques. Development languages become fashionable, wildly popular then fade away to be replaced by the next big thing. Some languages have such power and suitability that they deserve to be taken seriously and used widely rather than discarded when an alternative comes along. In this paper CHRIS BATES presents the programming language Perl which is widely used on Web sites that create and present dynamic content. He focuses on the features of Perl that make it so well suited for Web development and worth considering for both experienced programmers and beginners alike. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is a fiber glut on the horizon?
Authors: Held Gilbert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhile it is nice to read about the need for bandwidth, if we put pen or pencil to paper can we come to the same conclusion of many pundits who proclaimed during the past year that the Internet would clog itself into a worldwide freeze? GILBERT HELD ponders the question. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Component‐based software engineering — new challenges in software development
Authors: Crnkovic Ivica 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe primary role of component‐based software engineering is to address the development of systems as an assembly of parts (components), the development of parts as reusable entities, and the maintenance and upgrading of systems by customising and replacing such parts. This requires established methodologies and tool support covering the entire component and system lifecycle including technological, organisational, marketing, legal, and other aspects. The traditional disciplines from software engineering need new methodologies to support component‐based development. IVICA CRNKOVIC assesses the challenges of this emerging technology and discusses its implications for the software development process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunoelectron microscopic study of β‐endorphinergic synaptic innervation of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus
Authors: Wang Qing‐Ping , Guan Jian‐Lian , Shioda Seiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing a preembedding double immunoreactive technique by immunostaining with antirat β‐endorphin and antisynthetic glutamic acid decarboxylase antisera sequentially, the synaptic relationships between β‐endorphinergic neuronal fibers and GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat were examined at the ultrastructural level. Although both β‐endorphin‐like immunoreactive fibers and glutamic acid decarboxylase‐like immunoreactive neurons can be found in the mediodorsal and medioventral parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the synapses between them were found only in the mediodorsal part. Most of the β‐endorphin‐like immunoreactive neuronal fibers contained many dense‐cored vesicles. The synapses made by β‐endorphin‐like immunoreactive neuronal axon terminals on glutamic acid decarboxylase‐like immunoreactive neurons were both symmetrical and asymmetrical, with the latter predominant, especially in the axo‐dendritic synapses. Perikarya with β‐endorphin‐like immunoreactivity were found only in the ventrobasal hypothalamus. These findings suggest the possibility that the β‐endorphin‐producing neurons in the ventrobasal hypothalamus could influence GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus directly by synaptic relationships. Synapse 42:234–241, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synapses on GABAergic neurons in the basolateral nucleus of the rat amygdala: Double‐labeling immunoelectron microscopy
Authors: Li Ruixi , Nishijo Hisao , Ono Taketoshi , Ohtani Yuko , Ohtani Osamu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the basolateral nucleus (BL) of the amygdala is known to contain an abundance of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons that regulate the amygdaloid projection neurons and influence storage and consolidation of memory, it remains to be determined what type of neuronal input controls GABAergic neurons in the BL. We examined the synapses that GABAergic neurons form with GABAergic and noradrenergic neurons and terminals with unknown transmitters by double‐labeling immunoelectron microscopy using anti‐GABA and dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH) antisera. The medium and small dendrites of the GABAergic neurons were shown to receive symmetric, inhibitory‐type synapses from GABAergic axon terminals and asymmetric, excitatory‐type synapses from noradrenergic axon terminals. Each segment of the GABAergic neurons from perikarya to dendritic spines received both symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled axon terminals of various forms and sizes. The incidence rates of the two types of synapses were almost identical. Our results suggest that GABAergic neurons in the BL of the rat amygdala might be affected by the excitatory influence of the noradrenergic system and the inhibitory influence of the GABAergic system. Furthermore, these neurons are also strongly influenced by both excitatory and inhibitory‐type synapses from neuronal systems other than the GABAergic and noradrenergic systems. Synapse 43:42–50, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered prolactin response to M‐chlorophenylpiperazine in monkeys previously treated with 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or fenfluramine
Authors: Hatzidimitriou George , Tsai Elizabeth H. , McCann Una D. , Ricaurte George A. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“Ecstasy,” MDMA) and fenfluramine, widely used by humans, are potent brain serotonin (5‐HT) neurotoxins in animals. Thus, there is concern that humans previously exposed to these amphetamine derivatives may have incurred brain 5‐HT neurotoxicity. However, assessing the status of brain 5‐HT neurons in the living organism is challenging. To determine whether MDMA‐ and/or fenfluramine‐induced 5‐HT neurotoxicity can be detected during life using neuroendocrine methods, groups of monkeys previously treated with neurotoxic regimens of MDMA or fenfluramine, along with saline‐treated controls, underwent neuroendocrine challenge with the direct 5‐HT agonist and 5‐HT‐releasing drug, m‐chlorophenylpiperazine (m‐CPP). Animals treated 2 weeks previously with MDMA exhibited a nonsignificant reduction in the prolactin response to m‐CPP. In contrast, monkeys treated 3½ years previously with MDMA or 2 years previously with fenfluramine exhibited significantly increased prolactin responses to m‐CPP. No significant differences in cortisol concentrations were noted between groups at any time point. These data indicate that neuroendocrine challenge with m‐CPP is capable of detecting substituted amphetamine‐induced 5‐HT neurotoxicity in living primates, but that the recency of drug exposure is an important consideration. Changes in the neuroendocrine response to m‐CPP over time in animals with substituted amphetamine‐induced neurotoxicity may be related to aberrant 5‐HT reinnervation of the basal forebrain that occurs over time in monkeys previously treated with neurotoxic doses of MDMA or fenfluramine. Synapse 44:51–57, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.