bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyetheramine‐Type Semi‐Biobased Long‐Chain Polyamide 1210 Elastomer: Synthesis, Structure, and Unique Thermal Behavior
Authors: Chen Xiangyang , Gong Shun , Zhao Biao , Pan Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiobased thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) have received increasing attention in both academia and industry. Here, a series of semi‐biobased long‐chain TPAEs are successfully synthesized via one‐step melt polymerization, employing polyamide 1210 (PA1210) and polyetheramines (PEAs) as hard and soft segments, respectively. The prepared TPAEs demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, energy dissipation capabilities, low density, good damping, high resilience, and low melting temperature. More interestingly, the properties of the TPAEs can be customized by adjusting the content and molecular weight of PEA. By varying the molecular weights of the PEAs, two different thermal behaviors can be observed in the prepared TPAEs. Specifically, PEA with low molecular weight has good compatibility with PA1210, leading to an increase in the conformation of the crystalline region and a significant decrease in melting temperature. Meanwhile, high molecular weight PEA causes strong phase separation with PA1210, leading to limited crystalline regions and inadequate physical cross‐linking, further resulting in suboptimal mechanical properties. This work provides new insights into the design and preparation of PEA‐type biobased long‐chain TPAEs.
What are the Key Phenomenological Clues to Diagnose Functional Tic‐Like Behaviors in the Pandemic Era?
Authors: Nilles Christelle , Martino Davide , Berg Lindsay , Fletcher Julian , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional tic‐like behaviors (FTLBs) can be difficult to distinguish from tics.ObjectivesTo describe the phenomenology of FTLBs in youth and assess the movements and vocalizations most suggestive of the diagnosis.MethodsWe compared the phenomenology of tics between youth (<20 yr) with FTLBs and with primary tics from our Registry in Calgary, Canada.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐six youths were included: 195 with primary tics (75% males; mean age: 10.8 yr) and 41 with FTLBs (98% females; 16.1 yr). In the bivariate models, FTLBs were most associated with copropraxia (OR = 15.5), saying words (OR = 14.5), coprolalia (OR = 13.1), popping (OR = 11.0), whistling (OR = 9.8), simple head movements (OR = 8.6), and self‐injurious behaviors (OR = 6.9). In the multivariable model, FTLBs were still associated with saying words (OR = 13.5) and simple head movements (OR = 6.3). Only 12.2% of youth with FTLBs had throat clearing tics (OR = 0.2).ConclusionsThis study shall help physicians diagnose youth with FTLBs according to the presence/association of specific movements and vocalizations.
An introduction of transaction session‐induced security scheme using blockchain technology: Understanding the features of Internet of Things–based financial security systems
Authors: Wen Wen , Han Xiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT)–based financial systems leverage the capabilities of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) to enable seamless transactions and data exchange between devices. IoT‐based financial systems involve interconnected devices and services, such as payment terminals, wearables, and smart appliances, which collect, transmit, and process sensitive financial information. The study explores security methods incorporated in the financial systems designed using IoT and blockchain technologies to improve the background features. The study data were gathered from Complaint Data from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 2018–2022, and data‐based analysis is used in this study for detecting illegitimate interrupted transactions. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) is used for the robustness and endogeneity test; descriptive statistics is utilized in this study. Financial security systems are introduced to reduce the forging and breaching of intruders amid transactions. This study offers a novel contribution to the field of blockchain technology by furnishing a comprehensive analysis of the features of IoT‐based financial security systems from the perspective of the transaction, broadening the understanding of the feature focusing on financial security, and providing practical recommendations to address the features of IoT‐based financial security systems in blockchain technology. The study highlights how IoT devices can securely record and verify financial transactions by leveraging the blockchain's distributed ledger, preventing tampering or unauthorized access. The results of the study identify that the TS3 program relies on the transaction gaps between financial sessions, security requests between successive transactions, and sessions saved depending on the time delay. The study finds that sessions were analyzed for violations and fraud using information stored on the blockchain. The study suggests the design and building of devices and sensors in an IoT in financial security systems. Transparency should contribute to setting data privacy and safety problems in financial security systems.
Two Prenylated Chalcones, 4‐Hydroxyderricin, and Xanthoangelol Prevent Postprandial Hyperglycemia by Promoting GLUT4 Translocation via the LKB1/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Odongo Kevin , Abe Ayane , Kawasaki Rina , Kawabata Kyuichi , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: January 2024

ScopeStimulation of glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle is crucial for the prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia. Insulin and certain polyphenols enhance glucose uptake through the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the skeletal muscle. The previous study reports that prenylated chalcones, 4‐hydroxyderricin (4‐HD), and xanthoangelol (XAG) promote glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes, but their underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the mechanism in L6 myotubes and confirms antihyperglycemia by 4‐HD and XAG.Methods and resultsIn L6 myotubes, 4‐HD and XAG promote glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation through the activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) signaling pathway without activating phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and Janus kinases (JAKs)/signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (STATs) pathways. Moreover, Compound C, an AMPK‐specific inhibitor, as well as siRNA targeting AMPK and LKB1 completely canceled 4‐HD and XAG‐increased glucose uptake. Consistently, oral administration of 4‐HD and XAG to male ICR mice suppresses acute hyperglycemia in an oral glucose tolerance test.ConclusionIn conclusion, LKB1/AMPK pathway and subsequent GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells are involved in Ashitaba chalcone‐suppressed acute hyperglycemia.
Online measurement of birefringence of sensing fibers in the AFOCT system
Authors: Yang Xiao , Chen Mingkun , Chen Hui , Lu Yunqing , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel scheme to online measure the birefringence of the sensing fiber in all‐fiber optic current transformer (AFOCT) system, which monitors the current on direct current (DC) transmission lines using the Faraday magneto‐optic effect in sensing fibers. In this scheme, by purposefully varying the difference of square‐wave modulated phases via the phase modulator in the AFOCT system, different system transmittances can be obtained. On the basis of the relationship between the system transmittance and linear and circular birefringences, an online measurement scheme of both the linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fibers can be established. In this scheme, the AFOCT system is described by the transmission model based on the Jones matrices, with which the current on DC transmission lines can be measured from the phase shift caused by the Faraday effect. Then, under different square‐wave modulated phases, the system transmittance models are constructed with respect to the linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fiber. For a given sensing fiber with certain linear and circular birefringences, the specific system transmittances are determined and are the curves in space in the respective system transmittance models. Subsequently, these curves in space can be projected onto the coordinate plane composed of the linear and circular birefringence coordinate axes, where the intersection point of the projected plane curves gives the to‐be‐measured values of the linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fiber. The proposed scheme is validated by the preset linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fiber, with different linear birefringences of the polarization‐maintaining fiber. The measurement results show the values consistent with the preset ones.
Dual‐band and dual‐polarized metasurface antenna for 5G application
Authors: Juan Yue , Cen Haoyu , Chang Yumei , Chen Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA dual‐band and dual‐polarized antenna based on a dual‐layer metasurface (DMTS) is proposed for 5G application. The proposed DMTS is designed on two substrates separated by an air loading layer using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The upper metasurface (MTS) is an array of 4 × 4 square patches, while the lower MTS consists of a central rectangular patch and four parasitic patches. The DMTS is fed by a pair of orthogonal Y‐shaped microstrip line at its bottom through the I‐shaped slots located over them, while the loading slots are etched directly below the parasitic patch to effectively excite the edge portion. The proposed antenna offers −10 dB bandwidths of 13.6% (2.46–2.82 GHz) and 20.3% (3.18–3.9 GHz) and realizes peak gains of 9.53 and 10.9 dBi with an overall size of 0.88λ0 × 0.88λ0 × 0.057λ0 (λ0 is the free‐space wavelength of the center frequency at lower band), as well as an interport isolation of over 35 dB.
Validation and normative data on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale RCADS‐25 in a Swedish national probability sample of children and adolescents aged 4–17 years
Authors: Carlander Anders , Cassel Sophie , J‐Son Höök Malin , Lundgren Oskar , Löf Marie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMental health problems among children and adolescents are a growing public health concern. Self‐report questionnaires are pivotal for screening and early detection of mental health issues. We evaluate the psychometric properties and provide norm data of the 25‐item child and 25‐item parent‐report versions of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS).MethodsA random probability sample of 29,000 children and adolescents (ages 4–17) from the Swedish population registry was invited. Data collection occurred from September 2021 to January 2022, accompanied by one postal and four SMS reminders.ResultsParticipants (N = 7045, 48.98% girls) demonstrate that the RCADS‐25 possesses relatively sound psychometric properties, albeit that the child‐report version assessed with children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years rendered relatively better psychometric properties (e.g., ω = 0.87–0.92, CFI = 0.89) compared with the parent‐report version and the children 4 to 7 years old (e.g., ω = 0.72–0.82, CFI = 0.84).ConclusionThe RCADS‐25 instruments may be used as an effective instrument for the initial assessment of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents in Sweden.
hsd17b1 is a key gene for ovarian differentiation of the Siberian sturgeon
Authors: Lasalle André , Benech‐Correa Germán , Brunet Frédéric G. , Vizziano‐Cantonnet Denise 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis is the first work using gonads from undifferentiated, genetically‐sexed Siberian sturgeon describing expression changes in genes related to steroid synthesis and female and male sex differentiation. One factor identified as relevant for ovarian differentiation was the gene coding for the enzyme Hsd17b1, which converts estrone into estradiol‐17β. hsd17b1 was highly activated in female gonads at 2.5 months of age, around the onset of sex differentiation, preceding activation of two other genes involved in estrogen production (cyp19a1 and foxl2). hsd17b1 was also strongly repressed in males. Two known foxl2 paralogs are found in Siberian sturgeon—foxl2 and foxl2l—but only foxl2 appeared to be associated with ovarian differentiation. With regard to the male pathway, neither 11‐oxygenated androgens nor classic male genes (amh, dmrt1, sox9, and dhh) were found to be involved in male sex differentiation, leaving open the question of which genes participate in early male gonad development in this ancient fish. Taken together, these results indicate an estrogen‐dependence of female sex differentiation and 11‐oxygenated androgen‐independence of male sex differentiation.
Dynamics of seminal fluid production after mating
Authors: Kortsmit Yvonne , Mariën Janine , Koene Joris M. , Nakadera Yumi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeminal fluid proteins (SFPs) play vital roles for optimizing reproductive success in diverse animals. Underlining their significance, SFP production and transfer are highly plastic, e.g., depending on the presence of rivals or mating status of partners. However, surprisingly little is known about replenishing SFPs after mating. This is especially relevant in species that mate multiple times, as they continuously produce and use SFPs throughout their reproductive life. Here we examined the expression pattern of SFP genes after mating in the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Our results show that two out of the six SFP genes investigated here were upregulated 1 week after mating. Surprisingly, most SFP genes did not change their expression immediately after mating. Even after 1 week, when supposedly seminal fluid is fully replenished, the expression of SFP genes is rather high. In addition, the difference with previous studies hints at the possibility that SFP production after mating is plastic and depends on the mating history of female‐acting snails. Our results shed light on unexplored aspects of SFP production, thereby expanding the understanding of reproductive strategies in animals.
Distinguishing metabolic signals of liver tumors from surrounding liver cells using hyperpolarized 13C MRI and gadoxetate
Authors: Agarwal Shubhangi , Gordon Jeremy , Bok Robert A. , von Morze Cornelius , Vigneron Daniel B. , Kurhanewicz John , Ohliger Michael A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo use the hepatocyte‐specific gadolinium‐based contrast agent gadoxetate combined with hyperpolarized (HP) [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI to selectively suppress metabolic signals from normal hepatocytes while preserving the signals arising from tumors.MethodsSimulations were performed to determine the expected changes in HP 13C MR signal in liver and tumor under the influence of gadoxetate. CC531 colon cancer cells were implanted into the livers of five Wag/Rij rats. Liver and tumor metabolism were imaged at 3 T using HP [1‐13C] pyruvate chemical shift imaging before and 15 min after injection of gadoxetate. Area under the curve for pyruvate and lactate were measured from voxels containing at least 75% of normal‐appearing liver or tumor.ResultsNumerical simulations predicted a 36% decrease in lactate‐to‐pyruvate (L/P) ratio in liver and 16% decrease in tumor. In vivo, baseline L/P ratio was 0.44 ± 0.25 in tumors versus 0.21 ± 0.08 in liver (p = 0.09). Following administration of gadoxetate, mean L/P ratio decreased by an average of 0.11 ± 0.06 (p < 0.01) in normal‐appearing liver. In tumors, mean L/P ratio post‐gadoxetate did not show a statistically significant change from baseline. Compared to baseline levels, the relative decrease in L/P ratio was significantly greater in liver than in tumors (−0.52 ± 0.16 vs. −0.19 ± 0.25, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe intracellular hepatobiliary contrast agent showed a greater effect suppressing HP 13C MRI metabolic signals (through T1 shortening) in normal‐appearing liver when compared to tumors. The combined use of HP MRI with selective gadolinium contrast agents may allow more selective imaging in HP 13C MRI.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Caution About Good Intentions and Where It May Lead
Authors: Lee Walter T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImplementing Artificial Intelligence in medicine is revolutionizing how medicine is practiced. It has much promise in bringing about improved clinical outcomes and efficiency while decreasing costs. There are also concerns and unintended consequences that are being realized and significant efforts to consider ethical principles in the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in medicine. One potential consequence may be the loss of what has been described as the soul of medicine: the physician‐patient relationship. This relationship is especially precious in the context of what the US Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy MD has called an “Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation.” This commentary describes considerations and potential steps to protect this vital relationship while implementing Artificial Intelligence approaches to improving patient care. If not vigilant, Artificial Intelligence may unintentionally erode the physician‐patient relationship resulting in physician/patient isolation.
Molar mass determination via linear regression from SEC measurements: The case of polylactide, polycaprolactone and poly(2,2‐dimethylthrimethylene carbonate)
Authors: Kost Bartłomiej , Socka Marta , Cichoń Karolina , Brzeziński Marek , Basko Malgorzata , Biela Tadeusz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMolar mass correction coefficients (cc) were determined for calculating the absolute molar masses of polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (PDTC) in the range of 2,5–190 kg/mol, using calibration based on polystyrene standards (PS). Linear PLAs, PCLs, and PDTCs with a wide range of molar masses were synthesized using tin (II) octoate and diol as a catalyst/initiator system. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) coupled with a Refractive Index detector (SEC‐RI) or a Multi‐Angle Laser Light Scattering detector (SEC‐MALLS) was utilized to determine the relative molar mass or absolute molar mass of the samples under investigation. Additionally, for comparison, the absolute molar mass of low molar mass PLA, PCL, or PDTC was calculated based on end‐group analysis using the 1H NMR method. Correction coefficients were subsequently calculated by comparing the molar mass obtained from SEC‐MALLS and SEC‐RI. The calculated correction coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.87 and increased with the rising molar mass of the polymers. The derived equation could be used to evaluate the absolute molar masses from PS standards over a broad range for the analyzed polymers.
Electrospun nanofiber interleaving through double infusion method to induce pseudo‐ductile damage resistance response in carbon/epoxy composites
Authors: Shakil Usaid Ahmed , Hassan Shukur Abu , Yahya Mohd Yazid , San Khoo Pui , Wahit Mat Uzir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbon composites are susceptible to invisible damage development such as matrix cracking, fiber kinking, and interfacial debonding upon external transverse loading. These incipient damages may interact to evolve into life‐limiting delamination propagating both in in‐plane and transverse directions. This study addressed that by interleaving carbon/epoxy composites with electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers adopting a double infusion method. Damage resistance results showed that the optimum nanofiber areal weight (17.35 g/m2) offered a 27% improvement in specific total toughness. The emergence of pseudo‐ductility substantially enhanced the plastic toughness (46.15%) of interleaved composites. The load required for initial matrix cracking was 65.49% higher, and number of matrix cracking events was suppressed by 84.11% at the optimum areal weight of interleave. Fractography revealed frequent interlaminar crossings and delamination crack bridging as two major toughness mechanisms. Both the external damage area and delaminated area increased with increment in nanofiber areal weight.Highlights
Electrospun nanofibre interleaved carbon/epoxy composites were fabricated through a double infusion method to characterize damage resistance.
Acoustic data of matrix cracking was rationalized to show the effectiveness of nanofiber interleaves in suppressing this damage type.
Microstructural factors and mechanisms contributing to the improved toughness of optimally interleaved composites were identified.
External damage/delaminated areas of interleaved composites were correlated with nanofiber areal weights.
Approaches for III‐V/Si tandem solar cells and comparative studies on Si tandem solar cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Masafumi , Takamoto Tatsuya , Juso Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kyotaro , Ozaki Ryo , Masuda Taizo , Mabuchi Takashi , Okumura Kenichi , Kojima Nobuaki , Ohshita Yoshio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV)‐powered vehicle applications are very attractive for reducing CO2 emission and creation of new market. Development of Si tandem solar cells is very promising for high‐efficiency and low‐cost solar cells. This paper presents our approaches for III–V/Si 3‐junction tandem solar cells. In this paper, 24.9% efficiency Si heterojunction solar cells and mechanically stacked four‐terminal 35.8% InGaP/GaAs/Si three‐junction tandem solar cell are shown. Roadmap for realizing high‐efficacy three‐junction tandem solar cells of more than 40% is discussed in this paper. Because efficiencies of record cell of 36.1% with III–V/Si three‐junction tandem cells and 33.9% with perovskite/Si two‐junction cells are lower compared to 39.5% with III–V three‐junction solar cells, it is necessary to clarify and reduce several losses of Si tandem solar cells. This paper presents high efficiency potential of III–V/Si three‐junction and perovskite/Si two‐junction solar cells analyzed by using our analytical procedure and discusses about non‐radiative recombination, optical, and resistance losses in those Si tandem cells. Current status of various solar cell module efficiencies including our new record efficiency Si tandem solar cell module with an efficiency of 33.66% is also analyzed.
Monitoring and supporting development in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Ozalp Akin Ezgi , Bingoler Pekcici Bahar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionEach child on home invasive mechanical ventilation is unique with different diagnoses, co‐morbidities, families, environment, needs, and developmental conditions. While studies mostly focused on survival and morbidities of these children, every child on home invasive mechanical ventilation has the right to reach his/her optimal developmental potential.ObjectivesThis can be achieved by monitoring and supporting child development holistically, especially in the early childhood period when brain development is happening rapidly and plasticity is highest.Materials and MethodsKey theory‐based frameworks should be used as universal principles to address child development. These are bioecological theory, family‐centered care, World Health Organisation International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health framework, monitoring approach, child‐friendly healthcare approach, and transdisciplinary care.ResultsMonitoring and supporting the development of children on home invasive mechanical ventilation aims to support children in reaching their own full developmental potential, to keep track of children's development, know and support the child's and family's strengths and vulnerabilities over time, address risk factors, support the child's development with the family, use specialized services when needed.ConclusionsWhen all these principles are put together for children on home invasive mechanical ventilation, monitoring and supporting child development should be a standard approach urgently and holistically in cognitive, receptive, and expressive language, fine and gross motor, relating, play and self help domains, while committing to strengths‐based family‐centered care, functionality, participation in life, avoidance of stigma, and providing transdisciplinary follow‐up.