bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge Plasma Based Dual Buried Gates Power MOSFET: Design and Analysis
Authors: Nigar Hafsa , Alkhammash Hend , Loan Sajad A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, we design and simulate a high performance electrostatically doped dual buried gate power MOSFET (EDDBGP-MOS) structure. The novelty of the proposed device is three folds. Firstly, the n + source and P + body regions of the device are realized using induced charge plasma by employing metal electrodes on the silicon film. The device thus reduces the risk of random doping fluctuations and the formation of highly abrupt junctions during fabrication. The high temperature processes involved in defining the doped regions are not required, thus providing low thermal budget. Secondly, the Gaussian hole plasma profile in the p body region allows increase in drift doping concentration from 5x1015/cm3 to 7x1015/cm3 resulting in Ron reduction to almost 24% of its uniformly doped counterpart structure, with only a slight reduction in breakdown voltage of the device. The proposed device thus provides 10% increase in the Baliga’s figure of merit (FOM1 = BV2/Rsp). Further, the linearly graded Gaussian profile at the source side reduces the source coupling with gate. The gate charge together with the reduced specific ON resistance value provides as good as 19% reduction in Baliga’s high frequency figure of merit FOM2 = Rsp.Qsp). As compared to the conventional trench MOSFET structure, the two buried gates in the proposed structure provides low gate drain coupling along with the suppression in parasitic BJT effect. A two-dimensional simulation study of the proposed EDDBGP-MOS device reveals that it outperforms the conventional trench MOSFET device in terms of the performance parameters of power devices, along with the reduced fabrication complexity.
A mutant Trichoderma harzianum improves tomato growth and defense against Fusarium wilt
Authors: Sorahinobar Mona , Eslami Soghra , Shahbazi Samira , Najafi Javad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and aims Plant diseases can limit crop growth and development by affecting the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and metabolic processes of affected plants. In this study, we assessed the alleviative role of wild-type (ThW) and a gamma ray induced mutant (ThM) of Trichoderma harziantum pretreatments on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici (Fol) infected tomato plants. Methods For assessment of the ThW and ThM efficacy in the biological control of Fol infection in tomato plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The effect of T. harzianum on the alleviation of Fol infection was investigated by analyzing plant fresh biomass, length, chlorophylls contents, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in the shoot and root of tomato plants at 4 and 14 days post inoculation (dpi). Results Both ThW and ThM genotypes improved the competitive capability of tomato plants against Fol infection. Our data showed that mutant Trichoderma (ThM) pretreatment significantly improved growth and defense indices of tomato plants with or without Fol infection. Pretreatment by both genotypes of Trichoderma followed by Fol infection, decreased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation compared to untreated tomato seedlings. Trichoderma pretreated and –untreated tomato plants respond differently to Fol infection through employing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. Significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) under Fol infection were recorded, indicating that Trochoderma-treated plants were more responsive to pathogen-induced oxidative stress as compared to mock-inoculated controls. In addition, carbohydrate allocation to root was significantly increased in Trichoderma-treated Fol-challenged plants. Conclusions Altogether, this study confirmed the effective adaptive strategy and potential of the gamma-ray-induced mutant of Trichoderma harzianum in alleviating the negative impact of Fol infection in tomato.
GABA-mediated tolerance in fragrant rice to individual and interactive Pb and Cd stress
Authors: Ashraf Umair , Anjum Shakeel Ahmad , Rasul Fahd , Kanu Adam Sheka , Tang Xiangru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of the exogenous application of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) on the performance of fragrant rice plants under individual and combined lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity. The treatments included Ck (no Pb or Cd), GABA, Pb+GABA, Cd+GABA, Pb+Cd+GABA, Pb, Cd, and Pb+Cd, where GABA was applied at 1 mM, while Pb and Cd were applied at 800 and 75 mg kg-1 of soil, respectively. The results showed that individual or combined Pb and Cd toxicity enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage (EL) and H2O2 while reduced photosynthetic pigments. GABA application also increased the protein, proline and GABA contents, which were the lowest in the Pb+Cd treatment. The peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were greater in the GABA-applied plants treated with and without Pb/Cd, whereas the nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities were variably affected by the Pb/Cd and GABA treatments. Moreover, net photosynthesis and gas exchange were greater in plants treated with GABA without Pb/Cd toxicity. Compared to those in the Pb+Cd treatment, the grain yields were 34.03, 31.94, 15.88, 24.86 and 17.32% greater in the Pb+GABA, Cd+GABA, Pb+Cd+GABA, Pb, and Cd treatments, respectively, whereas the maximum grain yield was noted in the GABA treatment. Furthermore, GABA application also decreased the Pb and Cd contents in the aboveground plant parts, whereas the concentrations of the mineral elements Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were also higher in the (Pb, Cd, Pb+Cd)+GABA treatment group than without GABA.
Transcriptome Heterogeneity in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Nishii Mototsugu , Honzawa Hiroshi , Oki Hana , Matsumura Reo , Sakai Kazuya , Saji Ryo , Ban Tatsuma , Tamura Tomohiko , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 is a major etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The biological phenotypes and underlying mechanisms in COVID-19-induced ARDS are not fully understood. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and clinical data were collected from patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. Principal component analysis of genome-wide expression data obtained from bulk RNA sequencing of BALF cells subgrouped COVID-19-induced ARDS patients. Moreover, comparing transcriptome profiles between the subgroups showed two biological phenotypes, illustrated by up- and down-regulation of interferon (IFN) responses, despite no significant differences in clinical characteristics including onset and outcomes. In the low-IFN phenotype, in contrast to the high-IFN phenotype, the TLR-MyD88-IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 5 and cGAS-STING1 axes related to type Ⅰ IFN and the IRF8-interleukin (IL)-12-STAT4 and IRF1-IL-15-DNAX-activation protein 10 axes related to type Ⅱ IFN were inactivated at the transcriptional level, together with the PERK-C/EBP homologous protein axis and the IL-10-hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 axis. The pathogenesis of ARDS in the low-IFN phenotype was illustrated by damage to type II alveolar epithelial cells due to increased viral replication by reduced antiviral response, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic signaling and impaired free hemoglobin catabolism. Our data uncovered heterogeneous IFN responses, the underlying mechanisms, and related pathogenesis in COVID-19-induced ARDS.
Whole genome sequence analysis of canine parvovirus reveals pan-Indian replacement with Novel CPV-2c strain
Authors: Reddy Harish , Mukhopadhyay Hirak Kumar , Srini Mouttou Vivek , Vasu Jayalakshmi , Prabavathy Abiramy , Dhodapkar Rahul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection causes severe gastroenteritis in canines with high mortality in puppies. This virus evolved from FPV by altering its transferrin receptor (TfR) followed by emergence of CPV-2 variants in subsequent years by altering the immunodominant VP2 amino acid residues. Though the previous studies analysed VP2 gene, there are limited studies on non-structural protein (NS1 & NS2) genes. In this study, comparative whole genomic analysis was performed with the CPV suspected clinical samples collected Pan-India in 2023 with the repository CPV strains (2009–2019 isolates) and the current Indian CPV vaccine strain. The present pan-Indian study showed that the CPV-2c (N426E) had almost completely replaced the previously dominant CPV-2a variant (N426) in India. The Q370R mutation of VP2 was the most common change in the recent CPV-2c strain (CPV-2c 370Arg variant). Phylogeny showed the existence of three clades among the recent CPV-2c strains. The study identified several new positive selection sites in VP1 (N terminus), VP2, NS1 and NS2 genes in the recent CPV strains indicating emergence of new CPV-2c variants with varied antigenic and replication properties. The predominant ‘CPV-2c 370Arg variants’ were grouped along with the Chinese and Nigerian CPV-2c strains away from the CPV vaccine strain and repositories. VP2 epitope analysis predicted nine amino acid variations (includes 2 new variations) at four potential linear B-cell epitopes in the ‘CPV-2c 370Arg variants’ underlying chance of vaccine failure. This pan-Indian study, laid the foundation for further research concerning the dynamics of virus evolution and understanding genetic mutations.
Cloud-based event-triggered leader-follower quasi-bipartite consensus of stochastic multi-agent systems under mixed attacks
Authors: Tan Chong , Han Shiliu , Hu Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of leader-follower quasi-bipartite consensus (LFQBC) over the finite-horizon for discrete-time time-varying networked multi-agent systems (NMASs). The NMASs undergo stochastic nonlinearities and randomly occurring mixed attacks (ROMAs), where the false data injection attacks (FDIAs) and denial-of-service attacks (DoSAs) are addressed. A time-varying output feedback controller is proposed in the framework of the signed digraph. Moreover, in order to save transmission resources and reduce computational burden, the controller is deployed in the cloud, and also an event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is designed between the controller and the actuators. The transient characteristics of consensus behavior in NMASs with both cooperative and antagonistic interactions are demonstrated by establishing a sufficient condition of the LFQBC, based on the utilization of recursive linear matrix inequality and stochastic analysis. In addition, a convex optimization algorithm is proposed to ensure locally optimal LFQBC. The proposed approach is shown to be effective by using a numerical example.
Vibration Varying Grease Thickener: Application for Fighter Aircraft Fuel Level Adjusting Rack Gear Mechanism Bearings
Authors: EZME ENES , AKKAYA AHMET ARDA 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aerospace bearings must be lubricated for proper operation and flight safety. Appropriate bearing grease minimises metal-to-metal contact of the rolling elements by reducing friction between the sliding surfaces within the bearing components.
Particularly in the aerospace industry, factors such as the flight criticality of components, high temperatures and vibrations require the use of lubricants such as low viscosity oils or greases to lubricate aerospace bearings. Apart from high speed bearings and specially designed lubrication systems, some aerospace components can be lubricated with liquid grease.
Grease resists deformation under load, unlike the elastic and viscous forces of thickening fibres and oil. This property prevents the grease from leaking, while the viscosity property ensures contact and lubrication of the grease.
This experimental study examines how the amount of grease in bearings used in the Rack and Gear mechanism, which regulates the critical fuel level for flight, varies with environmental conditions such as vibration profile, and investigates the removal of conta-minants that affect the life of the grease.
Systematic Evaluation of Linear Transformations for Cross-lingual Semantic Spaces
Authors: Mištera Adam , Brychcín Tomáš , Šmíd Jakub 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the field of natural language understanding (NLU), a fundamental element is the representation of word meanings, a process that is integral to a wide range of applications. These applications span numerous domains including machine translation, question answering systems, text summarization, information retrieval, and supporting the functionality of virtual assistants. The increasing demand for reasoning in environments that are multilingual and knowledge transfer in cross-lingual systems has led to the development of cross-lingual semantic spaces. These spaces provide a representation of words from different languages in a shared space.
With the increased emphasis on cross-lingual representations, several methods have been developed. Related works usually differ in training strategies and evaluate only limited aspects of semantic spaces. This lack of meaningful comparison made us write this study as we think it is crucial for the following research. As a basis for our comparison, we project semantic spaces into a shared space using both linear transformations supervised by bilingual dictionaries and transformations with no supervision at all. To allow comparison from different points of view, our evaluation includes both intrinsic tasks, such as cross-lingual word similarities, cross-lingual word analogies, and word machine translation, and extrinsic tasks like sentiment analysis and topic classification. Additionally, we also explored hubness to investigate the internal relationships within the semantic space. Our experiments include six languages from three different language families: English, German, Italian, Spanish, Croatian and Czech. Finally, we show that different preprocessing steps can have a significant impact on the performance of cross-lingual semantic spaces.
Identification of key genes and molecular mechanism in hip joint capsule of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Zhou Xuguang , Yin Xiangyu , Yin Qingfeng , Liu Wenguang , Zhou Doctor Xuguang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) is a complex musculoskeletal congenital malformation, which is characterized by shallow acetabulum and laxity of joint capsule. While few studies have been conducted on the pathological changes of DDH joint capsule. Microarray technology can provide abundant gene expression information by bioinformatics analysis to predict diagnostic and therapeutic targets for DDH. Datasets GSE169494 downloaded from GEO were associated with DDH joint capsule. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis was used for the initial gene module screening. Differentially expressed genes were obtained from R package DESeq2, which was set at the rate of P < 0.05, log FC >1.5 or < -1.5, then input into David for GO and KEGG enrichment to explore various biological characteristics. String database was utilized to construct protein-protein interaction network. Key genes were screened by plug-in Cytohubba of Cytoscape. 175 DEGs were mainly related to extracellular matrix metabolism and abnormal muscularization. Three key genes were obtained, including MMP3, COL3A1 and TCAP. ROC shows they all have diagnostic value(AUC=0.861, 0.917, 1.000). The pathogenesis of DDH is closely related to abnormal extracellular matrix metabolism, especially the process of collagen production and breakdown, which causes the repair and remodeling process of the extracellular matrix to slow down. And hip instability may contribute to abnormal muscularization of fibroblasts. Three key genes may be used as targets for diagnosis and therapy in DDH.
Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure sensitizes acetaminophen-induced liver injury by modulating miR-34a-5p in male offspring mice
Authors: Yang Daram , Jeong Hyuneui , Kim Min-Seok , Oh Sang-Ik , Lee Kyuhong , Kim Jong-Won , Kim Bumseok 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) is a cause of premature death and exacerbates the severity of diseases not only in lungs, but also in systemic organs having no direct contact with smoke. In addition, smoking during pregnancy can have severe health consequences for both the mother and the fetus. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate effects of prenatal exposure to CS on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in offspring.
Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice on day 6 of gestation were exposed to mainstream CS (MSCS) for 2 hours a day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks using a nose-only exposure system. At four weeks old, male offspring mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of APAP at 300 mg/kg body weight to induce ALI.
Results: Maternal MSCS exposure significantly amplified pathological effects associated with ALI as evidenced by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels, increased hepatocellular apoptosis, higher oxidative stress, and increased inflammation. Interestingly, maternal MSCS exposure reduced microRNA (miR)-34a-5p expression in livers of offspring. Moreover, treatment with a miR-34a-5p mimic significantly mitigated the severity of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Overexpression of miR-34a-5p completely abrogated adverse effects of maternal MSCS exposure in offspring with ALI. Mechanistically, miR-34a-5p significantly decreased expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, leading to down-regulated expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2 and CYP3A11.
Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to MSCS can alter the expression of miRNAs, even in the absence of additional MSCS exposure, potentially increasing susceptibility to APAP exposure in male offspring mice.
Physiological effects and safety of bed verticalization in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: BOUCHANT Louis , GODET Thomas , ARPAJOU Gauthier , AUPETITGENDRE Lucie , CAYOT Sophie , GUERIN Renaud , JABAUDON Matthieu , VERLHAC Camille , BLONDONNET Raiko , BORAO Lucile , PEREIRA Bruno , CONSTANTIN Jean-Michel , BAZIN Jean-Etienne , FUTIER Emmanuel , AUDARD Jules 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background Patient position, such as prone position, can improve prognosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Total verticalization is now possible using dedicated beds, but the feasibility, safety, and pulmonary or hemodynamic effects of the position remain unknown in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods Adult patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome were prospectively enrolled in this single-center pilot study. After protocolized hemodynamic optimization, they were gradually verticalized using a dedicated bed, from a 30° semi-seated position (baseline) to different levels of inclination (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°), before returning to the baseline position. The duration of each level was 30 minutes, at the end of which ventilatory (including respiratory mechanics, transpulmonary pressures, end-expiratory lung volumes, mechanical power, and gas exchange parameters) and hemodynamic (including cardiac output and stroke volume by transpulmonary thermodilution, mean arterial pressure, sand serum lactate levels) variables, along with potential adverse events, were recorded. The primary endpoint was the variation in transpulmonary driving pressure through the verticalization procedure. Results From May 2020 through January 2021, 30 patients were included. Transpulmonary driving pressure increased slightly from baseline (median and interquartile range [IQR], 9 [5–11] cmH2O) to the 90° position (10 [7–14] cmH2O; P < 10−2 for the overall effect of position in mixed model). Although static compliance of the respiratory system decreased with verticalization, lung compliance remained stable. End-expiratory lung volume increased with verticalization, in parallel to decreases in alveolar strain and mechanical power and increased arterial oxygenation. Although mean arterial pressure remained stable, verticalization was associated with decreased cardiac output and stroke volume, and increased norepinephrine doses and serum lactate levels, prompting interruption of the procedure in two patients. There were no adverse events such as falls or equipment accidental removals. Conclusions In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, bed verticalization at the 90° position may have potential respiratory benefits, but at the cost of hemodynamic impact, which deserves caution and further research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT04371016, April 24, 2020
Anemia in patients ten years after bariatric surgery
Authors: Sjöberg Klas , Karlsson Mimmi , Ottosson Johan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity, i.e., BMI above 35, affects more than 10% of the global population. Bariatric surgery is an efficient way to treat this condition. Unfortunately, there is a risk for nutritional deficiencies. The number of studies after a longer time span are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anemia five and ten years after bariatric surgery and how it was related to substitution therapy.
Patients and methods
Registry data from individuals having primary bariatric surgery in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) from 2007 to 2022 and with a follow-up at five or ten years was retrieved. Demographic data including weight, as well as method of surgery, Hb levels, supplementation, PPI use and stomal ulcerations were recorded.
Results
In total, 59 557 individuals (mean age 41 years, range 18-74, 76% women) could be included. The majority, 86%, had undergone laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. After five years 2 838/13 944 women (20.3%) and 456/4 049 men (11.2%) had anaemia. After ten years 644/3 400 women (18.9%) and 178/947 men (18.8%) had anaemia. The use of oral iron increased from 40 to 45% and the need for parenteral iron intake increased from 5 to 11%.
Conclusions
Anaemia is a significant but manageable condition five and ten years after bariatric surgery. Despite prescription of oral iron supplements to 45% ten years after surgery the Hb levels could still not be fully restored. Consequently, the importance of follow-up visits and continuous supplementation is emphasized.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Novel Multi-Swirl LDI burners.
Authors: Perikathra Sarath , Mahalingam Muruganandam Thiruchengode 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Academic investigations and development have been directed towards exploring alternatives that can enhance aircraft engines' efficiency while minimizing emissions. We have developed two novel multi-swirl LDI burners, named LDI-3AB and LDI-4C, for low-emission aero propulsion systems, which consists of numerous lean direct injection modules with distributed fuel injection surrounded by airflow through hexagonal swirlers with a 45° vane angle. This study presents an experimental and numerical analysis of these burners' flow, combustion and emission characteristics under various operating conditions. Numerical analysis is carried out using the URANS with the realizable \(\kappa\)-\(\varepsilon\) turbulence model in combination with the FGM combustion model, and it is compared against the results of stereo PIV data. The numerical results correlated well with the experimental data, and all simulations accurately captured the flow patterns. The comparative study showed that LDI-4C exhibits vigorous mixing activity, which gives low mixture fraction values throughout the combustor length compared to the LDI-3AB burner. This is because the cross-fuel injection effectively distributes the fuel to the shear layer of the swirling air stream and helps in quick mixing. The LDI-4C always has a lower \(NO_{x}\) value at the exit of the combustion chamber than LDI-3AB due to low temperature and residence time and it has high \(CO_{2}\) production, and more \(O_{2}\) consumption indicates better combustion efficiency than the LDI-3AB burner.