bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of gender differences in healthy office building strategies
Authors: Xie Xiaohuan , Wang Ruobing , Gou Zhonghua , Chen Shan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe health of office workers has become a major concern under the pressure of increasingly fierce job competition. As countries have gradually promoted healthy buildings, there is an urgent need to create and construct healthy office environments. Although the WELL Building Standard proposed management and design strategies based on the principles of health and medicine, it does not consider group characteristics or gender differences.PurposeThis study aims to apply the theory of planned behavior to healthy building design and supplement the important role of gender and group characteristics in behavioral guidance based on architectural strategies and user behaviors to improve the relevant building evaluation system.MethodsThis study adopted a questionnaire survey and structural equation model. Four WELL-certified healthy office buildings in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, were selected for the survey. Based on the theory of planned behavior, structural equation models for men and women were established, compared, and analyzed. The factors affecting the health behaviors of the two groups and the actual effectiveness of various building optimization strategies were discussed, and an optimization direction for gender differences was proposed.ResultsThe findings indicated differences between male and female staff in their individual characteristics and implementation of health behaviors. Management strategies, subjective design strategies in assistance and guidance, and objective design strategies in spatial planning can promote the health behaviors of the two groups. However, the design strategies of result feedback and detail optimization only appeared to have a significant positive effect on female staff, whereas the intelligent automation design strategies only had an obvious intervention effect on men’s health behaviors.SignificanceThis study found that the theory of planned behavior in the field of social psychology could be applied to relevant research on architectural design and emphasized the influence of gender. It can not only provide the optimization direction for the evaluation standards of relevant healthy buildings but also promote the implementation of health behaviors in office groups and provide new ideas for promoting the development of healthy buildings.
Physical activity, physical frailty and depressive symptoms among Chinese male and female older adults: do different indicators make a difference?
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Xue , Zhu Xinyu , Sun Yawen , Han Buxin , Chen Tianyong 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesOlder adults become more inactive and frailer with aging. Physical status is closely linked to mental health, but it is unclear which physical indicator is more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. The present study aimed to compare relationships between self-reported physical activity, physical frailty (muscle mass, muscle strength, and gait ability) and depressive symptoms in community male and female older adults.MethodsA total of 1,180 adults aged 60 years and older were recruited to participate in this study from a Chinese community receiving annual check-up service from September 2018 to May 2019. Physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The Bio-electrical Impedance Analyzer was used to determine the muscle mass. As the indicators of muscle function, grip strength and gait ability were assessed by the dynamometer and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), respectively. The 15-item version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to examine depressive symptoms. Demographic variables, health status and sleep quality were collected using questionnaire.Results11.8% men and 11.9% women reported depressive symptoms. Logistic regression showed that depressive symptoms was associated with low grip strength (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.04–5.63), slow gait ability (OR = 3.60, 95% CI: 1.28–10.13) in older males, and associated with low level of self-reported physical activity (OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 2.00–7.42) in older females. No significant association was found between muscle mass and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThere were gender differences in the relationship between physical activity, physical frailty, and depressive symptoms. Grip strength and gait ability may be a better indicator of frailty for predicting depressive symptoms in older men while physical activity may be useful in predicting depressive symptoms in older women.
Differential transcriptomic alterations in nasal versus lung tissue of acrolein-exposed rats
Authors: Alewel Devin I. , Jackson Thomas W. , Rentschler Katherine M. , Schladweiler Mette C. , Astriab-Fisher Anna , Gavett Stephen H. , Evansky Paul A. , Kodavanti Urmila P. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Acrolein is a significant component of anthropogenic and wildfire emissions, as well as cigarette smoke. Although acrolein primarily deposits in the upper respiratory tract upon inhalation, patterns of site-specific injury in nasal versus pulmonary tissues are not well characterized. This assessment is critical in the design of in vitro and in vivo studies performed for assessing health risk of irritant air pollutants.Methods: In this study, male and female Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed nose-only to air or acrolein. Rats in the acrolein exposure group were exposed to incremental concentrations of acrolein (0, 0.1, 0.316, 1 ppm) for the first 30 min, followed by a 3.5 h exposure at 3.16 ppm. In the first cohort of male and female rats, nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were analyzed for markers of inflammation, and in a second cohort of males, nasal airway and left lung tissues were used for mRNA sequencing.Results: Protein leakage in nasal airways of acrolein-exposed rats was similar in both sexes; however, inflammatory cells and cytokine increases were more pronounced in males when compared to females. No consistent changes were noted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of males or females except for increases in total cells and IL-6. Acrolein-exposed male rats had 452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nasal tissue versus only 95 in the lung. Pathway analysis of DEGs in the nose indicated acute phase response signaling, Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, and other inflammatory pathways, whereas in the lung, xenobiotic metabolism pathways were changed. Genes associated with glucocorticoid and GPCR signaling were also changed in the nose but not in the lung.Discussion: These data provide insights into inhaled acrolein-mediated sex-specific injury/inflammation in the nasal and pulmonary airways. The transcriptional response in the nose reflects acrolein-induced acute oxidative and cytokine signaling changes, which might have implications for upper airway inflammatory disease susceptibility.
Cleaner Biofuel Production via Process Parametric Optimization of Nonedible Feedstock in a Membrane Reactor Using a Titania-Based Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst: An Aid to Sustainable Energy Development
Authors: Ameen Maria , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Munir Mamoona , Abid Islem , Mustafa Abd El-Zaher M. A. , Athar Mohammad , Makhkamov Trobjon , Mamarakhimov Oybek , Yuldashev Akramjon , Khaydarov Khislat , Mammadova Afat O. , Botirova Laziza , Makkamov Zokirjon 
Published: November 2023

Membrane technology has been embraced as a feasible and suitable substitute for conventional time- and energy-intensive biodiesel synthesis processes. It is ecofriendly, easier to run and regulate, and requires less energy than conventional approaches, with excellent stability. Therefore, the present study involved the synthesis and application of a highly reactive and recyclable Titania-based heterogeneous nanocatalyst (TiO2) for biodiesel production from nonedible Azadhiracta indica seed oil via a membrane reactor, since Azadhiracta indica is easily and widely accessible and has a rich oil content (39% w/w). The high free fatty acids content (6.52 mg/g KOH) of the nonedible oil was decreased to less than 1% via two-step esterification. Following the esterification, transesterification was performed using a heterogeneous TiO2 nanocatalyst under optimum conditions, such as a 9:1 methanol–oil molar ratio, 90 °C reaction temperature, 2 wt.% catalyst loading, and an agitation rate of 600 rpm, and the biodiesel yield was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Azadhiracta indica seed oil contains 68.98% unsaturated (61.01% oleic acid, 8.97% linoleic acid) and 31.02% saturated fatty acids (15.91% palmitic acid, 15.11% stearic acid). These fatty acids transformed into respective methyl esters, with a total yield up to 95% achieved. The biodiesel was analyzed via advanced characterization techniques like gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), whereas the catalyst was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Due to its physicochemical properties, Azadirachta indica seed oil is a highly recommended feedstock for biodiesel production. Moreover, it is concluded that the Titania-based heterogeneous nanocatalyst (TiO2) is effective for high-quality liquid fuel synthesis from nonedible Azadirachta indica seed oil in a membrane reactor, which could be an optional green route to cleaner production of bioenergy, eventually leading to sustenance, robustness, and resilience that will aid in developing a holistic framework for integrated waste management.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Edukasi Teknik Menyusui pada Kader Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Beru-beru
Authors: Wahida Wahida , Mariana Dina , Idayati Idayati , Gusriani Gusriani 
Published: November 2023

Cakupan pemberian ASI Ekslusif di Indonesia masih rendah. Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar menunjukan bahwa cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia tahun 2018 hanya mencapai 37,3% (Riskesdas 2018). Cakupan ASI Esklusif di Sulawesi Barat juga masih rendah pada tahun 2020 sebesar 74,7%, khusunya dikabupaten Mamuju tergolong dalam angka yang paling rendah diantara enam Kabupaten yang ada di Propinsi Sulawesi barat, yaitu hanya sebesar 65%. (Data Dinkes Kab Mamuju, 2020).Adapun tujuan dilaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan peran kader dalam berkontribusi memberikan edukasi menyusui pada ibu hamil dan ibu menyusui serta untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang ASI Esklusif dan juga untuk meningkatkan pemberian ASI Esklusif kepada bayiMetode pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan adalah Pelatihan kepada kader melalui penyegaran pengetahuan tentang ASI Esklusif dan penguatan materi teknik menyusui dengan metode ceramah interaktif dan dilakukan praktik konseling dengan cara roleplay.Pendampingan kader dalam memberikan edukasi laktasi pada ibu hamil dan ibu nifas melalui kegiatan konseling.kegiatan pelatihan memperoleh hasil yang sangat baik dengan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebesar 72% dengan kategori baik dan meningkatnya keterampilan kader dalam memberikan konseling menyusui pada ibu hamil dan ibu nifas.Rangkaian kegiatan yang terdiri dari Kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan edukasi menyusui pada para kader dapat diselenggarakan dengan baik dan berjalan dengan lancar sesuai dengan rencana kegiatan yang telah disusun. Kegiatan ini mendapat sambutan sangat baik terbukti dengan keaktifan peserta mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan dengan tidak meninggalkan tempat sebelum kegiatan berakhir, serta keaktifan para kader mengikuti kegiatan pendampingan edukasi menyusui.
ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ
Authors: Dr.. Salam Ahmed Khalaf  
Published: November 2023

ﻛﺎﻨت اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺼﺎﻤﺘﻬﺎ وﻤﺘﺤرﻛﻬﺎ ﻤن ﻗدﻴم اﻟزﻤن ﻤوﻀﻊ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻹﻨﺴﺎن ٬ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ
ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴر واﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻝ ﻓﻘد اﻤﺘزج ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﻴث اﺴﺘطﺎع أن ﻴﺸﺎﻫدﻫﺎ ﺒﺴﻬوﻟﺔ .

أﻤﺎ وﺼف اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷدب اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ﻓﻠﻴس ﺒﺤدﻴث أﻴﻀﺎ وﻗد ﻋرف اﻷدﺒﺎء واﻟﺸﻌ ارء
اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻻﻤﺘ ازﺠﻬم ﺒﻬﺎ واﺸﺘﻬر ﻛﺜﻴرون ﻤﻨﻬم ﺒوﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻤرئ اﻟﻘﻴس وذي اﻟرﻤﺔ واﻟﺒﺤﺘري واﺒن
اﻟروﻤﻲ واﺴﺘﻤدوا واﺴﺘﻠﻬﻤوا ﻤن ﻤظﺎﻫرﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﺒﻴﻬﺎﺘﻬم وﺘﻤﺜﻴﻼﺘﻬم وﺘﻌﺎﺒﻴرﻫم اﻟﺸﻌرﻴﺔ وﻓﻲ

ﺘوﻀﻴﺢ ﻛﻼﻤﻬم .
وﻗد ﻗﺎم اﻟﻨﻘﺎد ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤث ﻋن اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ووﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻌر اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼور اﻷدﺒﻴﺔ

اﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺸﻌر ﺸﺎﻋر ﻤﻌﻴن ﺨﺎﺼﺔ .
أﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﻋر اﻟذي اﺸﺘﻬر ﺒوﺼف اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ وﺒدﻴدﻨﻪ اﻟﺨﺎص إ ازءﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼر اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ
اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻬو اﺒن اﻟروﻤﻲ اﻟذي ﻟم ﻴﻘم أﺤد ﻤن اﻟدارﺴﻴن ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤث ﻋن اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ووﺼﻔﻬﺎ

واﻨﻌﻛﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻌرﻩ ﺒﺸﻛﻝ ﻤﻔﺼﻝ .
ﻓﻠﻪ أوﺼﺎف ﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺼف اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺼﺎﻤﺘﻬﺎ وﻤﺘﺤرﻛﻬﺎ وﻛﺜرة ﻫذﻩ اﻷوﺼﺎف ﺘﻤﻛن
اﻟﻤؤﻟف ﻤن أن ﻴﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻛﺜر ﻤن ﻤﻘﺎﻝ وﻫذا اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻝ ﻴﺒﺤث ﻋن أﺸﻌﺎرﻩ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠق ﺒﺘﺼوﻴر

وﺼف اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤرﻛﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻴﺔ .
ﻓﺒﻌد إﺠﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﺒﺤث ﺤوﻝ وﺼف اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ دﻴواﻨﻪ ﻨﺘﻨﺎوﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻪ ﻤﻊ اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ
اﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﺠد أﺴﻤﺎء وأوﺼﺎف ﻋدﻴد ﻤن اﻟﺤﻴواﻨﺎت اﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ واﻟوﺤﺸﻴﺔ ﺤﻴث وﺼﻔﻬﺎ وﺼﻔﺎ دﻗﻴﻘﺎ

ﻻ ﻤﺜﻴﻝ ﻟﻪ أﺤﺎﻴﻴن ﮐﺜﻴرة .
ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﻴﻦ
Authors: Aqil Raziq Noman Al-Sultani  
Published: November 2023

إن ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤطﻬرة أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴرة ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌرﻓـﺔ اﻷﺤﻛـﺎم اﻟﺸـرﻋﻴﺔ؛ إذ ﺘﻌﺘﺒـر ﻤـﻊ اﻟﻘـ ارن اﻟﻛـرﻴم

أوﻝ ﻤﺼــﺎدر اﻟﺘﺸــرﻴﻊ اﻹﺴــﻼﻤﻲ إذا ﻛﺎﻨــت ﻤﺒﻴﻨــﺔ ﻟــﻪ أو ﻤؤﻛــدة ٬ وﺜــﺎﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺼــﺎدر إذا ﻛﺎﻨــت
ﻤؤﺴﺴﺔ ﻟﺤﻛم ﺴﻛت ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻘ ارن اﻟﻛرﻴم (١) .

وﻤــن اﻟﻤﻌﻠــوم ﻋﻨــد ذوي اﻻﺨﺘﺼــﺎص أن اﻟﻌﻤــﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﺴــﻨﺔ اﻟﻤطﻬــرة ﺒﻌــد ﺤﺠﻴــﺔ ط ارﺌــق
اﻟوﺼوﻝ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ٬ وﺤﺠﻴﺔ دﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ٬ ﻤﺘوﻗف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدم وﺠـود ﺘﻌـﺎرض ﻤﺴـﺘﻘر ﺒـﻴن ﻨﺼوﺼـﻬﺎ (٢) ؛ إذ

أﻨﻪ ﻴرﺒك اﻟﻤوﻗف اﻟﺸرﻋﻲ اﺘﺠﺎﻩ اﻟوﻗﺎﺌﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ (٣) .

وﻟﻬذا ﻴﻌّد وﺠود ﺘﻌـﺎرض ﻤﺴـﺘﻘر ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻌـض اﻷﺤﺎدﻴـث اﻟﺘـﻲ روﻴـت ﺒطرﻴـق اﻟﺨﺒـر اﻟواﺤـد
ﻤن اﺒرز ﻤﺼﺎدﻴق ﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎرض ﺒﻴن اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻋﻨد اﻷﺼوﻟﻴﻴن (٤) .

وﻤﻤﺎ ﻻﺸك ﻓﻴﻪ إن ﻟﻬذا اﻟﺘﻌﺎرض اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻘر أﺴـﺒﺎﺒﺎً ﻴﺠـب اﻟوﻗـوف ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ٬ إذ ﻴﻌـّد اﻹﻟﻤـﺎم
ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤن أﻫم ﺒﺤوث اﻟﺘﻌﺎرض ﺒﻴن اﻷدﻟﺔ؛ ((ﻓﺈن اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ إذا أﺤﺎط ﺒﻬذﻩ اﻷﺴـﺒﺎب اﺴـﺘطﺎع اﻟﺠﻤـﻊ

ﺒﻴن اﻷﺤﺎدﻴث اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺠﻤﻌﺎ ﻋرﻓﻴﺎً ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ ﺨﺒرﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﺴـﺒﺎب اﻟﺨـﻼف ﻤـن دون ﺤﺎﺠـﺔ ﻟﻠرﺠـوع
إﻟﻰ رواﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﻼج)) (٥) .

وﺘﻨﻘﺴم أﺴﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻌﺎرض ﺒﻴن اﻷﺤﺎدﻴث ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴن أﺴﺎﺴﻴن ﻫﻤﺎ:-
اﻷوﻝ: ﻤﻘﺘﻀــﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺸــرﻴﻊ: وﻫـﻲ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺼـدرت ﻤـن اﻟﻤﻌﺼـوم ﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ٬ (٦) وﻴﻨـدرج ﺘﺤﺘﻬـﺎ ﻤـن
Multi-objective hyperparameter optimization of artificial neural networks for optimal feedforward torque control of synchronous machines
Authors: Monzen Niklas , Stroebl Florian , Palm Herbert , Hackl Christoph 
Published: November 2023

<p>Multi-objective hyperparameter optimization (MO-HPO) is applied to find optimal artificial neural network (ANN) architectures used for optimal feedforward torque control (OFTC) of synchronous machines. The proposed framework allows to systematically identify Pareto optimal ANNs with respect to multiple (partly) contradictory objectives such as approximation accuracy and computational burden of the considered ANNs. The obtained Pareto optimal ANNs are trained and implemented on a realtime system and tested experimentally for a nonlinear reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) against non-Pareto optimal ANN designs and a state-of-the-art OFTC approach. Finally, based on the most recent results from ANN approximation theory, guidelines for Pareto optimal ANN-based OFTC design and implementation are provided. </p>
Causal associations between inflammatory bowel disease and anxiety: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Ying , Chen Chun-Lan , He Jian , Liu Si-De 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
Anxiety is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including those with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD); however, the causal relationship between IBD and anxiety remains unknown.
AIM
To investigate the causal relationship between IBD and anxiety by using bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.
METHODS
Single nucleotide polymorphisms retrieved from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the European population were identified as genetic instrument variants. GWAS statistics for individuals with UC (6968 patients and 20464 controls; adults) and CD (5956 patients and 14927 controls; adults) were obtained from the International IBD Genetics Consortium. GWAS statistics for individuals with anxiety were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2565 patients and 14745 controls; adults) and FinnGen project (20992 patients and 197800 controls; adults), respectively. Inverse-variance weighted was applied to assess the causal relationship, and the results were strengthened by heterogeneity, pleiotropy and leave-one-out analyses.
RESULTS
Genetic susceptibility to UC was associated with an increased risk of anxiety [odds ratio: 1.071 (95% confidence interval: 1.009-1.135), P = 0.023], while genetic susceptibility to CD was not associated with anxiety. Genetic susceptibility to anxiety was not associated with UC or CD. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed, and the leave-one-out analysis excluded the potential influence of a particular variant.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that genetic susceptibility to UC was significantly associated with anxiety and highlighted the importance of early screening for anxiety in patients with UC.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 among nurses
Authors: Badil  , Murtaza Ghulam , Raja Raja , Gulsher Gulsher , Kauser Mehrin , Khan Kashif Khan , Khan Ameer Ullah Khan , Ismail Humera Ismail 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It can lead to mild to severe respiratory illness, as well as death. Nurses are frontline health workers to care the COVID-19 patients effectively. The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among nurses working at tertiary care public sector hospitals in Karachi.
METHODOLOGY: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma, Karachi, for three months from October to December 2020.
The calculated sample size was 239 nurses of both genders. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to access the participants. A validated and open accessed tool was used for data collection. A Chi-square test was used to assess the association of Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 with demographic variables. The level of significance was considered with a p-value ≤0.05.
RESULTS: Out of the total, 145 (59.4%) were female, and a majority of 158 (66.1%) of the study subject's ages ranged from 25-30 years old. Mostly 156 (65.3%) of the study participants had a diploma in nursing. Approximately half of 130 (54.4%) of the participants worked the morning shift. The majority of 209 (87.4%) participants' experiences were two years and above. The gender and work experience of the participants were found statistically significant (p-value<0.05). This also found that more experienced nurses were somewhat better to mean Knowledge (7.87) than less experienced nurses (7.13).
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that most of the study participants had sound Knowledge, a positive attitude towards its remedy, and appropriate practice towards COVID-19.
KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Nurses, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice
Frequency of Bullying Behavior, Sources and Coping Strategies among Student Nurses in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Abdul Razzaque Muhmooda 
Published: November 2023

Background and objective: Bullying is being increasing day by day among health care professionals and specially nursing students (NS) are victimized due to their novelty in nursing profession. The objectives of this study were to find out frequencies of bullying behavior and its association with sources (perpetrators), and coping strategies among NS in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among NS and study setting was Dow (institute of Nursing and Midwifery) University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan. Study duration was three months. Inclusion Criteria: NS who were bullied at least in the last 03 months. Exclusion criteria: unwilling participants and those who were absent at the time of data collection. Data was collected through an adapted questionnaire. The data was analyzed and entered into the SPSS version 26. Mean, standard deviations and percentages were used to analyze different forms, frequencies of bully behavior. A chi-square test was used to find the association of forms of bully behavior with sources(perpetrators), and coping strategies of bully.
Result: Out of 300 NS, 64% of the NS were bullied repetitively at clinical duties and 45% were occasionally bullied at the nursing institute. Most frequent source of bully was seniors (57.0%) and a largely NS (51.7%) using coping strategy by overlooking bully which is significantly (p-value <0.05 ) associated with types of bully behavior.
Conclusion: Present study highlighted that NS were experienced various forms of bully and mainly were bullied by seniors at clinicals and mostly they have overlooked bully incidence.
Influence of Intermittency on the Energy Transfer Rate of Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Wu Honghong , Huang Shiyong , Wang Xin , Yang Liping , Yuan Zhigang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The intermittency in the solar wind turbulence manifests itself in the anisotropic scaling due to the anisotropic spectral index and the intermittent level based on the extended P model. However, the influence of intermittency on the energy transfer rate remains unclear. Here we apply the partial variance of increments method to identify the intermittency for the magnetic field measurements in the fast solar wind from the Ulysses spacecraft. We distinguish the sampling direction using the angle θ
RB between the local magnetic field and radial direction to study the anisotropy. We perform the multiorder structure function analyses and adopt the log-Poisson cascade model to describe the role of intermittency in the cascade process. We find that the anisotropy of the scaling becomes isotropic with a complete removal of intermittency. We compare explicitly the anisotropy of the energy transfer rate before and after removing the intermittency for the same interval for the first time. We find a distinct anisotropy with a cascade enhancement in the direction perpendicular to the local magnetic field. The removal of the intermittency greatly weakens the anisotropy by mainly reducing the perpendicular energy transfer rate. Our findings suggest that the intermittency effectively enhances the energy transfer rate, in particular in the perpendicular direction in the solar wind turbulence.
Second-generation Fragments of a Comet Split in the Making: The Liller Family Comets
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos Carlos , de la Fuente Marcos Raúl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kreutz sungrazers and Kracht, Marsden, and Meyer sunskirters are regarded as second- or third-generation fragments of split comets. First-generation fragments have been observed to form, for example, in the cases of comets 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3, D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9), and 332P/Ikeya–Murakami. Here, we compare relevant orbital correlation properties (the distributions of mutual nodal distances, and the angular separation of perihelia and poles) of the Liller family comets—C/1988 A1 (Liller), C/1996 Q1 (Tabur), C/2015 F3 (SWAN), C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS), and C/2023 V5 (Leonard)—with those of fragments of 332P and some Kreutz sungrazers to show that they are first-generation cometary fragments in the process of producing the second-generation.