bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss from diagnosis of Crohn’s disease to one year post-diagnosis results in earlier surgery
Authors: Kim Minjee , Cho Minsung , Hong Sungjun , Song Joo Hye , Kim Eun Ran , Hong Sung Noh , Chang Dong Kyung , Kim Young-Ho , Kim Ji Eun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalnutrition might play a key role in the prognosis of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). The aim of this study was to explore the impact of weight loss from diagnosis of CD to one-year post-diagnosis on disease prognosis in terms of surgery. Patients who were diagnosed with CD at Samsung Medical Center between 1995 to 2020 were included in this study. The study defined the “group with weight loss” as patients with weight loss in one year after diagnosis and the “group without body weight loss” as patients without weight loss in one year after diagnosis. Their data such as demographics, laboratory findings, and medical interventions were collected retrospectively. The primary outcome was confirmation of the difference in the incidence of surgery associated with CD between the group with weight loss and the group without body weight loss. We further analyzed factors associated with surgery outcomes. A total of 165 patients were analyzed in this study. Forty-one patients (24.8%) had body weight loss whereas 124 patients (75.2%) had no body weight loss. Body change at one year showed no significant association with direct surgical incidence. However, the patients with weight loss tended to undergo surgery earlier than patients without body weight loss. Among factors associated with outcomes of Crohn’s surgery, the albumin was the only significant factor. Patients with weight loss had no statistically significant increase in the risk of surgery than patients without weight loss, although they tended to undergo surgery earlier than patients without body weight loss. A prospective study is needed to determine serial body weight changes during follow-up for patients with CD.
Zero-shot interpretable phenotyping of postpartum hemorrhage using large language models
Authors: Alsentzer Emily , Rasmussen Matthew J. , Fontoura Romy , Cull Alexis L. , Beaulieu-Jones Brett , Gray Kathryn J. , Bates David W. , Kovacheva Vesela P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany areas of medicine would benefit from deeper, more accurate phenotyping, but there are limited approaches for phenotyping using clinical notes without substantial annotated data. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense potential to adapt to novel tasks with no additional training by specifying task-specific instructions. Here we report the performance of a publicly available LLM, Flan-T5, in phenotyping patients with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) using discharge notes from electronic health records (n = 271,081). The language model achieves strong performance in extracting 24 granular concepts associated with PPH. Identifying these granular concepts accurately allows the development of interpretable, complex phenotypes and subtypes. The Flan-T5 model achieves high fidelity in phenotyping PPH (positive predictive value of 0.95), identifying 47% more patients with this complication compared to the current standard of using claims codes. This LLM pipeline can be used reliably for subtyping PPH and outperforms a claims-based approach on the three most common PPH subtypes associated with uterine atony, abnormal placentation, and obstetric trauma. The advantage of this approach to subtyping is its interpretability, as each concept contributing to the subtype determination can be evaluated. Moreover, as definitions may change over time due to new guidelines, using granular concepts to create complex phenotypes enables prompt and efficient updating of the algorithm. Using this language modelling approach enables rapid phenotyping without the need for any manually annotated training data across multiple clinical use cases.
Agave sisalana: towards distributed manufacturing of absorbent media for menstrual pads in semi-arid regions
Authors: Molina Anton , Kothari Anesta , Odundo Alex , Prakash Manu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAgaves are robust, drought tolerant plants that have been cultivated for their high-strength fibers for centuries and they hold promise as a crop in the face of increasing water scarcity associated with a warming planet. Meanwhile, millions of women lack access to sanitary products to safely manage their menstruation particularly in low- and middle-income countries characterized by a dry climate. To address this issue, we show a processing route that transforms the leaves of the succulent Agave sisalana into a highly absorbent and retentive (23 g/g) material. The process involves delignification combined with mechanical fluffing to increase affinity for water and porosity, respectively. This process leads to a material with an absorption capacity exceeding those found in commercially available products such as menstrual pads. Finally, the carbon footprint and water usage associated with this process are comparable to those with common alternatives with the added benefit that it can be carried out at small scales while remaining environmentally sustainable. Our work represents a step towards distributed manufacturing of essential health and hygiene products based on a local bioeconomy.
Memory and Traumatic Brain Injury: Assessment and Management Practices of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Mitchell Jade T. , Covington Natalie V. , Morrow Emily , de Riesthal Michael , Duff Melissa C. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Memory impairments are among the most commonly reported deficits and among the most frequent rehabilitation targets for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Memory and learning are also critical for rehabilitation success and broader long-term outcomes. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a central role in memory management for individuals with TBI across the continuum of care. Yet, little is known about the current practice patterns of SLPs for post-TBI memory disorders. This study aims to examine the clinical management of memory disorders in adults with TBI by SLPs and identify opportunities to improve post-TBI memory outcomes.

Method:
SLPs from across the continuum of care were recruited to complete an online survey. The survey assessed key practice areas specific to memory and memory disorders post-TBI, including education and training, knowledge and confidence, and assessment and treatment patterns.

Results:
Surveys from 155 SLPs were analyzed. Results revealed that TBI-specific training remains low in the field. Respondents varied in their practice patterns in assessing and treating memory disorders. Most SLPs do not appear to have access to appropriate standardized assessments to measure unique forms of memory. Respondents also reported a range of barriers and opportunities to advance memory outcomes following TBI and provided suggestions of areas in which they would like to see more basic and clinical research.

Conclusions:
These findings establish a baseline of the current practices for clinical management of memory impairment in adults with TBI by SLPs. Improved opportunities for clinician training, the development of a single tool to assess multiple forms of memory, better access to existing memory assessments, and implementation of evidence-based interventions promise to lead to improved memory outcomes for individuals with TBI.
Classification of the perceptual impression of source-level blending between violins in a joint performance
Authors: Thilakan Jithin , BT Balamurali , Chen Jer-Ming , Kob Malte 
Published: November 2023

Quantifying auditory perception of blending between sound sources is a relevant topic in music perception, but remains poorly explored due to its complex and multidimensional nature. Previous studies were able to explain the source-level blending in musically constrained sound samples, but comprehensive modelling of blending perception that involves musically realistic samples was beyond their scope. Combining the methods of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and Machine Learning (ML), this investigation attempts to classify sound samples from real musical scenarios having different musical excerpts according to their overall source-level blending impression.
Monophonically rendered samples of 2 violins in unison, extracted from in-situ close-mic recordings of ensemble performance, were perceptually evaluated and labeled into blended and non-blended classes by a group of expert listeners. Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) were extracted, and a classification model was developed using linear and non-linear feature transformation techniques adapted from the dimensionality reduction strategies such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and t-Stochastic Neighbourhood Embedding (t-SNE), paired with Euclidean distance measure as a metric to evaluate the similarity of transformed feature clusters. Results showed that LDA transformed raw MFCCs trained and validated using a separate train-test data set and Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) resulted in an accuracy of 87.5%, and 87.1% respectively in correctly classifying the samples into blended and non-blended classes. In this regard, the proposed classification model which incorporates “ecological” score-independent sound samples without requiring access to individual source recordings advances the holistic modeling of blending.
Perfusion techniques for an 800 g premature neonate undergoing Arterial Switch Procedure for Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Owens Richard , Loftin Madeline , Rosten Kellen , Fisher Douglas , Denison Blake , Gottlieb Erin , Fraser Charles 
Published: November 2023

Early cardiac surgery in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease has been performed since the middle to late years of the twentieth century. To date, there are very few reports of successful congenital heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in premature babies less than 1000 g with serious congenital heart disease. Limited information is available in the literature describing perfusion techniques for this extremely fragile patient population. Miniaturization of the CPB circuit contributes to multiple factors that affect this population significantly. These factors include the reduction of patient-to-circuit ratios, volume of distribution of pharmacological agents, management of pressure gradients within the CPB system, and increased tactile control by the attending perfusionist. Careful management of the physiological environment of the patient is of utmost importance and can mitigate risks during CPB, including volume shifts into the interstitial space, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalance, and intracranial hemorrhage. We report perfusion techniques successfully utilized during the surgical repair of transposition of the great arteries for an 800 g, 28-week-old neonate. CPB techniques for the smallest and youngest patients may be executed safely when proper physical, chemical, and perfusion process adjustments are made and managed meticulously.
Update of the Imine-Anion-Mediated Smiles Rearrangement: Application to Migration of Electron-Neutral/Rich Aromatic Groups
Authors: Mori Keiji , Jinno Shunki , Kawasaki-Takasuka Tomoko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe have revisited the imine-anion-mediated Smiles rearrangement for the synthesis of ortho-hydroxyphenyl arylketimines. Detailed examinations revealed that migration of various aromatic groups, previously considered to be unsuited to SNAr-type reactions, such as electron-rich or sterically hindered aromatic groups, can be accomplished by introducing bulky 9-anthryllithium as a nucleophile. Among the aromatic groups examined, naphthyl groups (1- and 2-naphthyl groups) exhibited an excellent performance, and their migration ability was well illustrated by the reaction with less bulky nucleophiles.
Pragma-dialectical perspective to intercultural discussion as communicative activity
Authors: Liu Donghong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe core idea of Pragma-dialectical Theory is critical discussion which means resolving disagreement via argumentative dialogues. The Pragmatic-dialectic Model describing critical discussion has not only reasonableness and validness in logic, but also rhetorical effectiveness and pragmatic properties in intra-cultural context. However, the model cannot appropriately describe intercultural discussion since the discussants try to negotiate both in meaning and in divergence. People from different cultures do not necessarily behave pragmatically in the same way. In order to better describe the process of intercultural discussion, an exploratory approach was taken to first propose modifications of the model and then to confirm the modified model in a case study. The modifications include two aspects: first, its rhetorical and pragmatic properties can be expanded by taking Burke’s “Identification” and by replacing “speech acts” with more comprehensive “pragmatic acts”; second, theargumentation stagecan be explored further with “motivation” and “mediation” added to the model. The case study reveals that the discussants with the motivation to seek common substances could take proper pragmatic acts to negotiate on certain substances, and that the mediation by the third party and by the discussants exerted influence both on the motivation and on the pragmatic acts. The modified model is expected to broaden the application scope of Pragma-dialectical theory to intercultural communication, and to better explain many kinds of intercultural discussions.
Development of hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation x-ray up to 30 keV
Authors: Yasuno Satoshi , Seo Okkyun , Takagi Yasumasa , Nishihara Tappei 
Published: November 2023

Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is a powerful tool for investigating the chemical and electronic states of bulk and buried interfaces non-destructively due to its large probing depth. To obtain a much larger probing depth and measure deeper regions than conventional HAXPES, we have developed a high-energy HAXPES (HE-HAXPES) system excited by photon energies up to 30 keV. This system is achieved by combining an applied bias voltage on the sample with a conventional hemispherical electron energy analyzer. By utilizing this system, we successfully observed a Si 1s peak from the bulk-Si substrate underneath the 110-nm-thick SiO2 film at a photon energy of 30 keV. Moreover, the system found that the asymmetrical spectral shape of the Si substrate signal originated from the electronic state, which is upward band bending formed at the interface between the SiO2 film and Si substrate. The HE-HAXPES system, excited by photon energy up to 30 keV, could be a very useful tool to yield genuine insights into the chemical and electronic states in deeply buried regions.
Double-parameter regularization for solving the backward diffusion problem with parallel-in-time algorithm
Authors: Fu Jun-Liang , Liu Jijun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a double-parameter regularization scheme for dealing with the backward diffusion process. Considering the smoothing effect of Yosida approximation for PDE, we propose to regularize this ill-posed problem by modifying original governed system in terms of a pseudoparabolic equation together with a quasi-boundary condition simultaneously, which consequently contains two regularizing parameters. Theoretically, we establish the optimal error estimates between the regularizing solution and the exact one in terms of suitable choice strategy for the regularizing parameters, under a-priori regularity assumptions on the exact solution. The a-posteriori choice strategy for the regularizing parameters based on the discrepancy principle is also studied. To weaken the heavy computational cost for solving the discrete nonsymmetric linear regularizing system by finite difference scheme, especially in higher spatial dimensional cases, the block divide-and-conquer method together with the properties of the Schur complement is applied to decompose the linear system into two half-size linear systems, one of which can be solved by the diagonalization technique, and consequently an efficient parallel-in-time algorithm originally developed for direct problem is applicable. Our proposed method is of much lower complexity than the standard solver for the corresponding linear system. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to verify the efficiency of our proposed method.
Optimal regularized hypothesis testing in statistical inverse problems
Authors: Kretschmann Remo , Wachsmuth Daniel , Werner Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Testing of hypotheses is a well studied topic in mathematical statistics. Recently, this issue has also been addressed in the context of inverse problems, where the quantity of interest is not directly accessible but only after the inversion of a (potentially) ill-posed operator. In this study, we propose a regularized approach to hypothesis testing in inverse problems in the sense that the underlying estimators (or test statistics) are allowed to be biased. Under mild source-condition type assumptions, we derive a family of tests with prescribed level α and subsequently analyze how to choose the test with maximal power out of this family. As one major result we prove that regularized testing is always at least as good as (classical) unregularized testing. Furthermore, using tools from convex optimization, we provide an adaptive test by maximizing the power functional, which then outperforms previous unregularized tests in numerical simulations by several orders of magnitude.
Distributed parameter identification for the Navier–Stokes equations for obstacle detection
Authors: Aguayo Jorge , Bertoglio Cristóbal , Osses Axel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a parameter identification problem for a scalar permeability field and the maximum velocity in an inflow, following a reference profile. We utilize a modified version of the Navier–Stokes equations, incorporating a permeability term described by the Brinkman’s Law into the momentum equation. This modification takes into account the presence of obstacles on some parts of the boundary. For the outflow, we implement a directional do-nothing condition as a means of stabilizing the backflow. This work extends our previous research published in (Aguayo et al 2021 Inverse Problems
37 025010), where we considered a similar inverse problem for a linear Oseen model with do-nothing boundary conditions on the outlet and numerical simulations in 2D. Here we consider the more realistic case of Navier–Stokes equations with a backflow correction on the outflow and 3D simulations of the identification of a more realistic tricuspid cardiac valve. From a reference velocity that could have some noise or be obtained in low resolution, we define a suitable quadratic cost functional with some regularization terms. Existence of minimizers and first and second order optimality conditions are derived through the differentiability of the solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations with respect to the permeability and maximum velocity in the inflow. Finally, we present some synthetic numerical test based of recovering a 2D and 3D shape of a cardiac valve from total and local velocity measurements, inspired from 2D and 3D MRI.
Comparing benefit and detriment from medical diagnostic radiation exposure using disability-adjusted life years: towards quantitative justification
Authors: Kotre C J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Justification of medical radiation exposure is one of the main elements of radiation protection for patients. For a medical exposure to proceed, the benefit from the procedure must have been determined to be greater than the detriment. It is rare, however, that justification can be stated quantitatively as a ratio of benefit to detriment, or as a net benefit, and this is particularly true for medical diagnostic exposures associated with non-fatal diseases where survival statistics do not apply. The concept of the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is well established as a measure of disease severity in public health, and there have been calls to revise the international system of radiation protection dosimetry to employ the DALY as a measure of radiation detriment. This paper looks at possible routes to quantify the benefit and detriment aspects of justification based on initial published results for the use of the DALY as a measure of radiation detriment, together with established values of DALY for a range of diseases. Although spreadsheet-style solutions for the calculation of a justification factor based on statistical life tables can be devised, these will be shown to have some limitations. A justification factor based on the rate of change of benefit divided by the rate of change of detriment following medical exposure is proposed. This factor is simple to calculate, is age independent, can apply to non-fatal diseases and is argued to have logical and ethical advantages for the explanation of the relative benefits and detriments of radiological procedures to patients.
Batch process monitoring based on sequential phase division multiway sparse weighted neighborhood preserving embedding
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Cao Jie , Hui Yongyong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Batch processes are often characterized by multiphase and different batch durations, which vary from phase to phase presenting multiple local neighborhood features. In this paper, a sequential phase division-multiway sparse weighted neighborhood preserving embedding method is proposed for monitoring batch processes more sensitively. First, batches with uneven durations are synchronized, and the phases are automatically determined in chronological order. Secondly, the nearest neighbors are computed at each phase and the optimal sparse representation (SR) is obtained based on the nearest neighbors. This improves the robustness of the algorithm to noise and outliers, and solves the problem of computational difficulties associated with global SR based. Thirdly, the distance values of the neighbor elements are considered to fully extract the neighbor structure when the optimal SR is calculated. Finally, after dimension reduction, T
2 and squared prediction error statistics are established in feature space and residual space respectively for fault detection. The effectiveness of the method is verified by a multiphase numerical simulation example and the penicillin fermentation process.
Design of device for testing the energy of explosion shock waves based on a lever-type cutting energy-absorbing structure
Authors: Luo Hongwei , Qi Zizhen , Zhang Yuwu , Liang Minzu , Lin Yuliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Explosion shock waves are the main cause of target destruction when ammunition explodes. Parameter testing of these waves is important. Traditional equivalent testing methods exhibit limited quantification capabilities and are exclusively applicable to near-field shock wave testing. In this study, a testing device was designed to quantitatively assess shock wave energy. The designed testing device consists of an energy conversion structure, energy absorbing element (EAE), and a package shell. The cutting energy absorption method is used to absorb the explosion shock wave energy, and the cutting tool and lever structure are combined to improve the sensitivity. The variation of the velocity of the energy conversion structure with its geometric size was obtained through theoretical formulas and numerical simulations. The EAE was designed with rigid polyurethane foam. Different cutting areas and cutting depths are compared to obtain the best design of cutting parameters. The feasibility of the testing device was evaluated by explosion test. The applicable range of the scaled distance for the testing device was found to be 1.5–2.5 m kg−1/3. The testing device has the advantage of obtaining effective test results when the direction of the explosion center is unknown. The proposed testing device offers a new technical method for quantitatively evaluating the damage power of explosion shock waves in complex environments.