bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of mountain pine beetle outbreaks on large fires in British Columbia
Authors: Woo Hyeyoung , Bone Christopher , Nadeem Khurram , Taylor Stephen W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA key uncertainty in understanding climate change effects on wildfires in western North America is the role of mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks in driving wildfire occurrence and severity. In this study, we investigated the complex relationship between MPB outbreaks, other environmental factors, and wildfire occurrence in British Columbia (BC), Canada. We adopted a fire risk analysis method developed for fire occurrence prediction to separate the effect of changing fuel conditions on wildfires in BC when neither post‐outbreak fuel conditions, climate, nor management is stationary. Using lasso‐logistic regression and a novel variable ranking procedure, we determined that MPB‐affected areas had 1.7 times more large lightning‐caused fires (≥100 ha), as the likelihood of large lightning‐caused fires increased by 40% in these areas and likely contributed to the increased burned areas in BC. Meanwhile, the likelihood of large human‐caused fires decreased in MPB‐affected areas. Fire weather factors were most influential for both lightning‐ and human‐caused fires, while anthropogenic factors were most influential for human‐caused fires. Fuel dynamics following MPB outbreaks vary across the wide distribution of a host species such as lodgepole pine, at stand and landscape levels. Furthermore, the expression of the effects of MPB and other disturbances on wildfire is also conditional on, as well as confounded with, many other environmental factors and management activities that vary across western North America. Therefore, a lack of consensus on the impacts of MPB on wildfire is not surprising.
Early changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate post‐initiation of empagliflozin in EMPEROR‐Preserved
Authors: Rastogi Tripti , Ferreira João Pedro , Butler Javed , Kraus Bettina Johanna , Mattheus Michaela , Brueckmann Martina , Filippatos Gerasimos , Wanner Christoph , Pocock Stuart J. , Packer Milton , Anker Stefan D. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: January 2024

AimsRenal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) changes early after the introduction of empagliflozin have not been described in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this study was to describe early eGFR changes, assess its determinants and its clinical impact on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with HFpEF enrolled in EMPEROR‐Preserved.Methods and resultsEstimated glomerular filtration rate changes (absolute and relative) from randomization to week 4 were calculated and landmark analyses performed. Initial eGFR change was available in 5836 patients (97.5% of the population). Empagliflozin induced a mean eGFR change of −3.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 versus placebo from baseline to week 4. After week 4, in the empagliflozin group, the risk of the primary outcome (composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death), cardiovascular, all‐cause mortality and sustained ≥50% eGFR decrease or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) did not differ by eGFR change levels. In contrast, in the placebo group, patients included in the tertile with most profound eGFR decrease (i.e. ≥5.1% from baseline) had a higher risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.82), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.01–1.89) and sustained ≥50% eGFR decrease or ESRD (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.20–4.04) versus tertile with eGFR increase.ConclusionAn initial relatively small eGFR decrease may be expected after empagliflozin initiation. Such small eGFR decrease was not associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes with empagliflozin. In contrast, eGFR decrease was associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes with placebo.
Neuromodulation interventions in the management of heart failure
Authors: Abdin Amr , Lauder Lucas , Fudim Marat , Abraham William T. , Anker Stefan D. , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite remarkable improvements in the management of heart failure (HF), HF remains one of the most rapidly growing cardiovascular condition resulting in a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. In clinical practice, however, a relevant proportion of patients are treated with suboptimal combinations and doses lower than those recommended in the current guidelines. Against this background, it remains important to identify new targets and investigate additional therapeutic options to alleviate symptoms and potentially improve prognosis in HF. Therefore, non‐pharmacological interventions targeting autonomic imbalance in HF have been evaluated. This paper aims to review the physiology, available clinical data, and potential therapeutic role of device‐based neuromodulation in HF.
Synthesis, Structural and Redox Properties of Vanadyl β‐Cyanoporphyrin and its Utilization as Efficient Catalyst for Epoxidation of Olefins and Oxidative Bromination of Phenols
Authors: Kumari Soni , Prakash Ved , S Siddharth , Maurya Mannar R. , Sankar Muniappan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2‐Cyano‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin [H2TPPCN] (1) having cyano group at one of β‐pyrrolic positions using nucleophilic substitution reaction of tetrabutylammonium cyanide (TBACN) on free‐base 2‐nitro‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin, and its oxidovanadium(IV) complex [VIVOTPPCN] (2) were synthesized in good yields. Both the porphyrins 1 and 2 have been characterized by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Single crystal X‐Ray crystallography revealed quasi‐planar geometry for 1. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a red shift (λmax=7–9 nm) in the Soret band relative to [MTPP], where M=2H, VIVO owing to the electron‐withdrawing effect of the cyano group at the β‐position. The first oxidation (ΔE1/2=110–140 mV) and reduction potentials (ΔE1/2=220–260 mV) of 1 and 2 are anodically shifted relative to [MTPP] where M=2H, VIVO. Porphyrin 2 has been utilized as a catalyst for two reactions: epoxidation of olefins and bromination of phenols. The bromination of phenol using KBr/H2O2/HClO4 in water resulted in 100 % conversion with a TOF value as high as 19.6 s−1 in 0.5 h. Using H2O2/NaHCO3 in a CH3CN/H2O solvent mixture at 60 °C, epoxidation was carried out, and the highest conversion rate with a turnover frequency of 1.9 s−1 was achieved in the case of cyclohexene. Catalyst 2 was recovered successfully at the end of the reaction up to 5 cycles and had good thermal stability, indicating its industrial viability and applicability. Moreover, these cyano‐functionalized porphyrins could be further utilized for the generation of molecular self‐assemblies, post‐functionalization of porphyrin core and various applications. The current findings in this work present insights for a facile approach for the synthesis of β‐cyano functionalized porphyrin 1 and further shed light on the utility of its vanadyl complex 2 as an efficient catalyst for olefin epoxidation and phenol bromination reactions.
Genistein relieves liver damage and improves lipid dysregulation through endoplasmic reticulum suppression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rats
Authors: Zhong Huijia , Liu Huanhuan , Jiang Zhuoqin , Huang Wenjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the potential of genistein, the most abundant isoflavone in soybeans, to mitigate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in high‐fat high‐sucrose induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats. Forty male SD rats are divided into four groups: the Control group, high‐fat high‐sucrose diet group (HFSD), HFSD + low‐dose genistein group (LG), and HFSD + high‐dose genistein group (HG). The Control group is fed with a D12450B diet, whereas the latter three groups are fed with a D12492 diet with 10% sucrose in drinking water. 12 weeks later, serum and liver lipid levels, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, and protein expression of GRP78, PKR‐like ER kinase (PERK), p‐PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF2α), p‐eIF2α and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were characterized. Genistein significantly improved lipid profiles, alleviated AST and ALT levels, and reduced key typical NASH features, including macrovascular steatosis, lobular inflammation, and balloon degeneration of hepatocytes. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that genistein suppressed the activation of PERK‐eIF2α‐CHOP signal pathway induced by HFSD. Our present study indicates that genistein is capable of relieving liver damage, improving lipid dysregulation and modulating ER stress by suppressing the activation of the PERK‐eIF2α‐CHOP signal pathway in NASH rats.Practical Applications: Genistein is capable to relieve liver damage and improve lipid dysregulation through the modulation of PERK–eIF2α–CHOP in NASH rats.
The Multifaceted Chemistry of [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Thioethers with Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Deschamps Damien , Gazzeh Houda , Bonciani Alice , Richards Christopher J. , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Perrio Stéphane 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe reactions of planar chiral ([2.2]paracyclophan‐4‐yl)methyl thioethers ([2.2]PCP‐CH2‐SR) with various palladium(II) sources (PdL2) were studied. Unexpectedly, with most of the sulfur substrates investigated (SR=Ph, 2‐pyridyl, Me, n‐dodecyl), and independently of the PdL2 salt employed (L=TFA, OAc, OPiv, Cl, Br), loss of the SR sulfanyl unit, along with incorporation of one palladium L ligand to the lateral benzylic position of the [2.2]PCP core, has been observed. In contrast, the precursor featuring a t‐butylsulfanyl group (R=t‐Bu) exhibited a distinct reactivity. An ortho C(sp2)−H activation took place, and allowed the formation of a [2.2]paracyclophane‐based SC‐palladacycle, in an efficient and highly diastereoselective manner (83 % yield, single diastereoisomer).
Direct Synthesis of 3‐Arylphthalides Promoted by Eaton's reagent
Authors: Eddebbarh Enzo , Moutardier Léa , Thibonnet Jérôme , Camiade Emilie , Petrignet Julien 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA rapid method has been developed for the synthesis of 3‐arylphthalides from readily available starting materials. We describe herein a direct approach based on a simple Friedel‐Crafts condensation between an aromatic ester and an aldehyde promoted by a mixture of phosphorus pentoxide and methanesulfonic acid (Eaton's reagent) under metal and solvent‐free conditions. Due to their similarity to cytosporone E (a natural antibacterial phthalide), some of the synthesized compounds were tested as antibacterial agents against methicillin‐resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus.
Energy efficiency considerations in software‐defined wireless body area networks
Authors: Masood Fahad , Khan Wajid Ullah , Alshehri Mohammed S. , Alsumayt Albandari , Ahmad Jawad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWireless body area networks (WBAN) provide remote services for patient monitoring which allows healthcare practitioners to diagnose, monitor, and prescribe them without their physical presence. To address the shortcomings of WBAN, software‐defined networking (SDN) is regarded as an effective approach in this prototype. However, integrating SDN into WBAN presents several challenges in terms of safe data exchange, architectural framework, and resource efficiency. Because energy expenses account for a considerable portion of network expenditures, energy efficiency has to turn out to be a crucial design criterion for modern networking methods. However, creating energy‐efficient systems is difficult because they must balance energy efficiency with network performance. In this article, the energy efficiency features are discussed that can widely be used in the software‐defined wireless body area network (SDWBAN). A comprehensive survey has been carried out for various modern energy efficiency models based on routing algorithms, optimization models, secure data delivery, and traffic management. A comparative assessment of all the models has also been carried out for various parameters. Furthermore, we explore important concerns and future work in SDWBAN energy efficiency.
Feasibility of utilizing recycled drainage water in agriculture using an analytical network process (ANP) and geographic information system (GIS)
Authors: Zolfaghary Parvin , ZakeriNia Mahdi , Kazemi Hossein 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUtilizing unconventional water for sustainable agriculture is a multi‐criteria process. Decision‐making in such problems is based on finding the value of various criteria using advanced methods, for example the analytic network process (ANP). ANP is usually preferred in cases where the criteria are not independent and have intra‐/intergroup relationships. Considering techno‐economic and environmental criteria, the ANP structure was used in this study to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Chapaghli drainage water in western Golestan Province, Iran, for cultivating tolerant and semi‐tolerant crops, including canola, barley, cotton and wheat, using GIS software. Irrigation water availability, techno‐economic distance and land suitability for cultivation were selected as techno‐economic criteria, while irrigation water quality, soil, plant sensitivity and aquifer vulnerability were selected as environmental criteria. The results show that canola is the best crop for cultivation with Chapaghli drainage water. This study provides a reliable decision‐making infrastructure related to the recycling of drainage water for various cultivars in an area where environmental hazards are minimized.
Enhancing osseointegration of titanium implants through MC3T3‐E1 protein‐gelatin polyelectrolyte multilayers
Authors: He Xuhong , Guo Chaiqiong , Wang Yuhui , Ma Shilong , Liu Xuanyu , Wei Yan , Xu Haofeng , Liang Ziwei , Hu Yinchun , Zhao Liqin , Lian Xiaojie , Huang Di 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTitanium and its alloys have found extensive use in the biomedical field, however, implant loosening due to weak osseointegration remains a concern. Improved surface morphology and chemical composition can enhance the osseointegration of the implant. Bioactive molecules have been utilized to modify the surface of the titanium‐based material to achieve rapid and efficient osseointegration between the implant and bone tissues. In this study, the bioactive substance MC3T3‐E1 protein‐gelatin polyelectrolyte multilayers were constructed on the surface of the titanium implants by means of layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly to enhance the strength of the bond between the bone tissue and the implant. The findings of the study indicate that the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly technique can enhance surface roughness and hydrophilicity to a considerable extent. Compared to pure titanium, the hydrophilicity of TiOH LBL was significantly increased with a water contact angle of 75.0 2.4°. The modified titanium implant exhibits superior biocompatibility and wound healing ability upon co‐culture with cells. MC3T3‐E1 cells were co‐cultured with TiOH LBL for 1, 3, and 5 days and their viability was higher than 85%. In addition, the wound healing results demonstrate that TiOH LBL exhibited the highest migratory ability (243 ± 10 μm). Furthermore, after 7 days of osteogenic induction, the modified titanium implant significantly promotes osteoblast differentiation.
Protective effects of naringin on colistin‐induced damage in rat testicular tissue: Modulating the levels of Nrf‐2/HO‐1, AKT‐2/FOXO1A, Bax/Bcl2/Caspase‐3, and Beclin‐1/LC3A/LC3B signaling pathways
Authors: Kankılıç Nazım Abdülkadir , Şimşek Hasan , Akaras Nurhan , Gür Cihan , İleritürk Mustafa , Küçükler Sefa , Akarsu Serkan A. , Kandemir Fatih M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial agent resistance has become a growing health issue across the world. Colistin (COL) is one of the drugs used in the treatment of multidrug‐resistant bacteria resulting in toxic effects. Naringin (NRG), a natural flavonoid, has come to the fore as its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. The aim of the present study was to determine whether NRG has protective effects on COL‐induced toxicity in testicular tissue. Thirty‐five male Spraque rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7 per group): Control, COL, NRG, COL + NRG 50, COL + NRG 100. COL (15 mg/kg b.w., i.p., once per/day), and NRG (50 or 100 mg/kg, oral, b.w./once per/day) were administered for 7 days. The parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagic damage were evaluated by using biochemical, molecular, western blot, and histological methods in testicular issues. NRG treatment reversed the increased malondialdehyde level and reduced antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione) levels due to COL administration (p < 0.001), and oxidative stress damage was mitigated. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor‐2 pathway, one of the antioxidant defence systems, was stimulated by NRG (p < 0.001). NRG treatment reduced the levels of markers for the pathways of apoptotic (p < 0.001) and autophagic (p < 0.001) damages induced by COL. Sperm viability and the live/dead ratio were reduced by COL but enhanced by NRG treatment. Testicular tissue integrity was damaged by COL but showed a tendency to improve by NRG. In conclusion, COL exhibited toxic effect on testicular tissue by elevating the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and tissue damage. NRG demonstrated a protective effect by alleviating toxic damage.
The anticipated regret of a lost opportunity: When adding a second‐period incentive reduces the appeal of a one‐period promotion
Authors: Li Yuanyuan (Jamie) , Janiszewski Chris , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEconomic theory assumes that an improvement in the financial benefit of a promotional offer should increase the appeal of the offer (e.g., $25 incentive >$20 incentive). Four studies show that this assumption does not always hold. A two‐period promotion (e.g., $20 off a purchase today plus $5 off a purchase made next month) is valued less than a one‐period promotion (e.g., $20 off a purchase today), with an identical first‐period incentive, when the second‐period incentive has a limited benefit relative to the first‐period incentive. Second‐period incentives negatively impact the perceived value of a two‐period promotion when consumers anticipate a low likelihood of redeeming the second‐period incentive. The negative impact of the second‐period incentive can be remedied by making the second‐period incentive financially larger or by reducing the perceived restrictiveness of redeeming the second‐period incentive.
Open‐set recognition of LPI radar signals based on a slightly convolutional neural network and support vector data description
Authors: Liu Zhilin , He Tianzhang , Wu Tong , Wang Jindong , Xia Bin , Jiang Liangjian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLPI radar signal recognition based on convolutional neural networks usually assumes that the signal to be recognized belongs to a closed set of known signal classes. In an open electromagnetic signal environment, this type of closed‐set recognition method will experience a drastic drop in performance due to the encounter with unknown types of signals. We propose an SCNN‐SVDD model based on a combination of a lightweight convolutional neural network and a support vector data description algorithm to achieve open‐set recognition of LPI radar signals under unknown signal conditions. In this approach, Choi‐William's time‐frequency distribution is used to obtain two‐dimensional time‐frequency images of the signal to be identified, and convolutional neural networks are used to achieve high‐precision classification of known signals and extract the corresponding feature vectors. Then, the feature vectors are used as input to the SVDD algorithm and a hypersphere is constructed to detect whether the signal to be identified belongs to a known class. Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect unknown signals while maintaining high recognition accuracy for known signals.
Covalent conjugation of Inca peanut albumin and polyphenols with different phenolic hydroxyl numbers through laccase catalysis to improve functional properties
Authors: Wu Yongqing , Li Yanxin , Liu Honglang , Li Pan , Du Bing , Xie Xin‐an , Li Lu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzymatic crosslinking is a method that can be used to modify Inca peanut albumin (IPA) using polyphenols, and provides desirable functionalities; however, the effect of polyphenol structures on conjugate properties is unclear. In this study, we selected four polyphenols with different numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups [para‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), gallic acid (GA), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)] for covalent modification of IPA by enzymatic crosslinking, and explored the structure–function changes of the IPA–polyphenol conjugates.RESULTSSodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) analysis showed that laccase successfully promoted covalent crosslinking of IPA with polyphenols, with the order of degree of conjugation as EGCG > GA > PCA > HBA, the IPA–EGCG conjugate showed the highest polyphenol binding equivalents (98.35 g kg−1 protein), and a significant reduction in the content of free amino, sulfhydryl, and tyrosine group. The oxidation of polyphenols by laccase forms quinone or semiquinone radicals that are covalently crosslinked to the reactive groups of IPA, leading to significant changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of IPA, with spherical structures transforming into dense lamellar structures. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability and emulsification stability of IPA–EGCG conjugates improved by almost 6‐fold and 2.7‐fold, respectively, compared with those of unmodified IPA.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the higher the number of polyphenol hydroxyl groups, the higher the degree of IPA–polyphenol conjugation; additionally, enzymatic crosslinking can significantly improve the functional properties of IPA. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Solvent Doping Organic Single Crystal Enables High‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Tao Jingwei , Liu Dan , Wang Deliang , Sun Wenbo , Li Tong , Dong Huanli , Lu Lehui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic doping has become an effective method to improve the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. However, the understanding of organic doping mechanism is limited by the difficulty in obtaining highly ordered molecular packing structure. Herein, a new donor‐acceptor type triphenylamine‐acetylene‐based isoindigo derivative, (E)‐6,6′‐bis((4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)‐[3,3′‐biindolinylidene]‐2,2′‐dione (BDPEBD), is successfully designed and synthesized. The tetrahydrofuran solvent doped BDPEBD single crystal with a mass fraction of 4.33% is easily obtained through a solvent evaporation method. Tetrahydrofuran, as a dopant in its single crystal, effectively reduces the dihedral angle of BDPEBD molecules by forming strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds with BDPEBD molecules, which enhances the π–π intermolecular interaction between BDPEBD molecules, thereby resulting in excellent optoelectronic properties of its single crystal. Its phototransistors show the highest mobility of 0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, wide spectral response from 254 to 790 nm, UV sensitivity, and a response time of 40 ms, the highest photoresponsivity exceeds 7.44 × 106 A W−1.