bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Exaggerates the Effect of Calcium Deficiency on Bone Accretion in Mice
Authors: Kasukawa Yuji , Baylink David J. , Wergedal Jon E. , Amaar Yousef , Srivastava Apurva K. , Guo Rongqing , Mohan Subburaman 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Recent studies provide evidence that the GH/IGF-I axis plays a critical role in the regulation of bone accretion that occurs during puberty and that the peak bone mineral density (BMD) is dependent on the amount of dietary calcium intake during the active growth phases. To evaluate whether IGF-I deficiency exaggerates the effect of calcium deficiency on bone accretion during active growth phases, IGF-I knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed with low calcium (0.01%) or normal calcium (0.6%) for 2 wk during the pubertal growth phase and were labeled with tetracycline. The low calcium diet caused significant decreases in endosteal bone formation parameters and a much greater increase in the resorbing surface of both the endosteum and periosteum of the tibia of IGF-I KO mice compared with WT mice. Accordingly, femur BMD measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry or peripheral quantitative computed tomography increased significantly in IGF-I WT mice fed the low calcium diet, but not in IGF-I KO mice. IGF-I-deficient mice fed the normal calcium diet showed elevated PTH levels, decreased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and serum calcium levels at baseline. Serum calcium changes due to calcium deficiency were greater in IGF-I KO mice compared with WT mice. PTH levels were 7-fold higher in IGF-I KO mice fed normal calcium compared with WT mice, which was further elevated in mice fed the low calcium diet. Treatment of IGF-I-deficient lit/lit mice with GH decreased the serum PTH level by 70% (P &lt; 0.01). Based on these and past findings, we conclude that: 1) IGF-I deficiency exaggerates the negative effects of calcium deficiency on bone accretion; and 2) IGF-I deficiency may lead to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency and elevated PTH levels even under normal calcium diet.
Postendocytotic Trafficking of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)-FSH Receptor Complex
Authors: Krishnamurthy Hanumanthappa , Kishi Hiroshi , Shi Mei , Galet Colette , Bhaskaran Ravi Sankar , Hirakawa Takashi , Ascoli Mario 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAlthough the fates of the internalized hormone-receptor complexes formed by the lutropin/choriogonadotropin and the TSH receptors have been examined in some detail, much less is known about the fate of the internalized FSH-FSH receptor (FSHR) complex.Using biochemical and imaging approaches we show here that the majority of the internalized FSH-FSHR complex accumulates in endosomes and subsequently recycles back to the cell surface where the bound, intact hormone dissociates back into the medium. Only small amounts of FSH and the FSHR are routed to a lysosomal degradation pathway, and the extent of FSH-induced down-regulation of the cell surface and total FSHR is minimal. This pathway was detected in heterologous (human kidney 293T) cells transfected with the rat (r) or human (h) FSHR as well as in a mouse Sertoli cell line (MSC-1) or a mouse granulosa cell line (KK-1) transfected with the rFSHR.Additional experiments using a series of C-terminal deletions of the rFSHR and the hFSHR showed that the recycling of the internalized FSH-FSHR complex and the extent of hFSH-induced down-regulation is dictated by a short stretch of amino acids present at the extreme C-terminal end of the receptor.We conclude that most of the internalized FSH-FSHR complex is recycled back to the cell surface, that this recycling pathway is highly dependent on amino acid residues present near the C terminus of the FSHR, and that it is an important determinant of the extent of down-regulation of the FSHR.
Structure and Magnetic Property of the Organic Triradical with Triazine Skeleton; 2,4,6-Tris{p-(N-oxy-N-tert-butylamino)phenyl}triazine
Authors: Hayami Shinya , Inoue Katsuya 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
1,3,5-tris{p-(N-oxy-N-tert-butylamino)phenyl}benzene (2) is known as a persistent triradical with a quartet ground state. A new triradical with a triazine skeleton was synthesized and characterized. The nitroxide triradical with triazine derivative 2,4,6-tris{p-(N-oxy-N-tert-butylamino)phenyl}-1,3,5-triazine (1) exhibited stronger intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction than that with benzene derivative 2, the magnitude of the interactions depending on the planarity of the structures and/or on the spin density of the center skeletons. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility values were observed for crystalline 1 in the range of 1.8-350 K. The simulation of an isosceles-triangular exchange coupling model gave 15.3 ± 0.8 K, γ = 0.77 ± 0.1.
Synthesis and Optical Resolution of Novel Chiral Silanols
Authors: Mori Atsunori , Toriyama Fumihiko , Kajiro Hiroshi , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Nishihara Yasushi , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Silanols bearing an asymmetric center on silicon, methyl(2-phenylethenyl)(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silanol and methyl(phenyl)(vinyl)silanol are synthesized by alkylative cleavages of cyclic siloxanes with an organolithium. Optical resolution of their enantiomers is performed by HPLC with a chiral stationary phase column. Optical characters of thus separated enantiomers are also examined.
Luminol Enhanced Chemiluminescent Assay of Indole-3-Acetic Acid
Authors: Kamidate Tamio , Andou Hideo 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) from horseradish peroxidase catalyzed aerobic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased markedly in the presence of luminol. The luminol enhanced CL was applied to the determination of IAA. The detection limit of IAA was 6.0 × 10−6 M in the presence of luminol, and was improved a factor of ten times compared to that in conventional spectrophotometric method.
Fabrication of PLGA-Collagen Hybrid Sponge
Authors: Chen Guoping , Ushida Takashi , Tateishi Tetsuya 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A hybrid sponge of biodegradable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and collagen was fabricated by forming microsponges of collagen in the pores of PLGA sponge. Observation of the hybrid sponge by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that microsponges of collagen with interconnected pore structures were formed. The hybrid structure was further confirmed by detecting elemental nitrogen using scanning electron microscopy-electron probe microanalysis (SEM-EPMA). Elemental nitrogen was detected in the microsponges of collagen and on the pore surfaces of PLGA, but not in the cross-sections of PLGA regions. These results indicate that microsponges of collagen were formed in the pores of the PLGA sponge and that the pore surfaces were also coated with collagen.
Formation and Reactions of Stabilized [2,4-Di-t-butyl-6-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl]thioxophosphine
Authors: Kamijo Kazunori , Toyota Kozo , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A stabilized thioxophosphine bearing the 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl group was generated either by reaction of the corresponding phosphonous dichloride with bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide or by desulfurization reaction of the corresponding dithioxophosphorane using tris(dimethylamino)phosphine. The thioxophosphine, thus generated was trimerized to trithiatriphosphinane.
Linear Relationship of the Rate of Isobutene Formation from CO and H2 on ZrO2 to the Monoclinic Phase Fraction
Authors: Maruya Ken-ichi , Komiya Teruaki , Okumura Koichiro , Yashima Masatomo 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The rate of formation of isobutene from CO and H2 over ZrO2 is proportional to the volume fraction of the monoclinic phase. The active site was explained by both vacant site and stronger bascity due to the shorter Zr–O bond in the monoclinic structure.
Sodium Triethanolamine Complex With Extend 3-D Network Structure
Authors: Chen Yihui , Zhu Hongping , Liu Qiutian , Chen Changneng 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Reaction of (NH4)3VS4 with triethanolamine in the presence of NH2Na has given novel metal TEA complex {[NaN(CH2CH2OH)3]2S6}∞ which has unlimited coordination chains {[Na(TEA)]+}x together with S62− linkage forming 3-D network by the O–H···S hydrogen bond.
Formation of Novel Tetradentate Phosphine Ligand o-C6H4(PPhCH2CH2PPh2)2 by Coupling of Two Diphosphine Ligands Bound to Low-Valent Mo or W Center. Synthesis and Structure of [M{o-C6H4(PPhCH2CH2PPh2)2}(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)] (M = Mo, W)
Authors: Arita Chirima , Seino Hidetake , Mizobe Yasushi , Hidai Masanobu 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A mixture of trans-[M(N2)2(dppe)2] (M = Mo or W; dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) and dppe was heated to reflux in benzene or toluene to give the M(0) complex [M(P4)(dppe)], which contains the novel tetradentate phosphine o-C6H4(PPhCH2CH2PPhg2)2 (P4) arising from the coupling of two dppe ligands. The reaction of [Mo(P4)(dppe)] with CO afforded the carbonyl complex [Mo(CO)2(P4)].
α–β Structural Transition of Short Oligopeptides by Water/Organic Solvent Titration
Authors: Sugimoto Naoki , Zou Jin , Kazuta Hideki , Miyoshi Daisuke 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Designed two peptides, Ac-Trp-Lys-Ala13-Lys-NH2 and Ac-Trp-Lys-Ala15-Lys-NH2 were synthesized by utilizing natural L-amino acids and were capable of performing a structural transition from β-sheet to α-helix. The α–β transition of the designed peptides was induced by interstrand hydrophobic interaction. This shows that our designed peptides may be an model system for the elucidation of misfolding and transformation mechanism of pathogenic proteins.
Successive Occurrence of Biaxial Reorientation of Azobenzene Chromophores of a Liquid Crystalline Polymer Induced by Linearly Polarized Light
Authors: Han Mina , Morino Shin’ya , Ichimura Kunihiro 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Unequivocal observation was made on the in-plane reorientation of azobenzene side chains tethered to liquid crystalline polymer backbones, followed by the out-of-plane reorientation upon irradiation with linearly polarized 436 nm light.
A Convenient Ultraviolet Irradiation Technique for Fabrication of Silver-polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhou Yong , Yu Shuhong , Wang Cuiying , Zhu Yurui , Chen Zuyao 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Silver-polyacrylamide(Ag/PAM) nanocomposites and silver-polymethylmethacrylate(Ag/PMMA) nanocomposites with well homogeneously dispersed silver nanoparticles in polymer matrices were prepared by a novel ultraviolet irradiation technique at room temperature.
A Novel, Facile and Diastereoselective Synthesis of (3S,4S) and (3R,4S)-N-Me-AHPPA
Authors: Reddy G Vidyasagar , Rao G Venkat , Iyengar D S 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Diastereoselective syntheses of (3S,4S) and (3R,4S)-N-methyl-AHPPA are achieved via a novel Wittig reaction of an oxazolidinone followed by reduction.
Alkoxylation of Ring-Methyl Group in Pentamethylcyclopentadienyliridium Complexes. A Facile Synthesis of (C5Me4CH2OR)IrL2 (R = Et, Me, and iPr)
Authors: Fujita Ken-ichi , Yamaguchi Ryohei 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Treatment of Cp*IrIII complexes with two equivalents of sodium alkoxides brings about alkoxylation of the ring-methyl to give (C5Me4CH2OR)IrIL2 [R = Et, Me, iPr, L = phosphorus ligands].
α-Fe2O3 Nanowires. Confined Synthesis and Catalytic Hydroxylation of Phenol
Authors: Jiao Feng , Yue Bin , Zhu Kake , Zhao Dongyuan , He Heyong 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
α-Fe2O3 nanowires were prepared using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a template and showed a remarkable catalytic activity for the hydroxylation of phenol with 30% H2O2 in aqueous solution at 343 K.
Carbon-doped Anatase TiO2 Powders as a Visible-light Sensitive Photocatalyst
Authors: Irie Hiroshi , Watanabe Yuka , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Carbon-doped TiO2 powders in an anatase phase colored yellow were fabricated by oxidative annealing of TiC. Carbons were located at oxygen sites. The carbon substitution caused the absorbance edge of TiO2 to be shifted to the higher wavelength region. Carbon-doped TiO2 showed photocatalytic activities for the decomposition of IPA to CO2 via acetone under visible light (400–530 nm) irradiation.
Novel Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Gallium Nitride Powder from Gallium(III)-Urea Complex
Authors: Qiu Yu , Gao Lian 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A novel method is reported for the preparation of wurtzite gallium nitride (GaN) powder with a controlled particle size from nanometer to micron scale, using gallium(III)-urea complex as the precursor. The GaN powders as synthesized at various temperatures showed strong and distinct photoluminescence characteristics. The method developed here may provide a simple, potentially economical way to form other nitride materials with desired performances.
Preparation and Structural Properties of Novel Fluorenophanes
Authors: Tsuge Akihiko , Nishimoto Hideaki , Moriguchi Tetsuji , Sakata Kazunori 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
All kinds of fluorenophanes with bridging at 1,7-, 1,8-, and 2,7-positions of each fluorene unit have been successfully prepared. Dynamic structural properties clearly depend on the positions of the bridges. It has been found out that one (2,7)-bridged fluorene ring in the [2.2](1,8)(2,7)fluorenophane is bent to result in formation of the π-cavity.
Novel Intramolecular Electron-transfer Equilibrium in a Spatially Interaction Binary System of a Metal-free Porphyrin and a Ruthenium Trichloro Terpyridyl Complex
Authors: Mizuno Katsuya , Kurihara Masato , Takagi Shigeru , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Temperature-dependent reversible intramolecular electron transfer between a Ru(III)–porphyrin and a Ru(II)–porphyrin π-cation radical was observed in a novel binary π-system of a porphyrin and a ruthenium trichloro terpyridyl complex.
Probing the Locations of Ag+ and Hydroxy Groups in AgA Zeolites by in situ FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Ping , Yang Shuwu , Kondo Junko N , Domen Kazunari , Baba Toshihide 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Hydroxy groups formed on AgA zeolites upon H2 (D2) adsorption exhibited infrared bands at different frequencies depending on the degree of Ag+ exchange. The hydroxy groups formed by H2 adsorption were found to occur mainly inside the β-cages of AgA-30, as evidenced by the inaccessibility of CO.
{[In3(pzdc)6]3−}∞: A Metal–Organic Framework of Distorted NbO-like Net (pzdc = Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato)
Authors: Tian Yun-Qi , Cai Chen-Xin , Yuan Xue-Jun , Li Yi-Zhi , Wang Tian-Wei , You Xiao-Zeng 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Molecular spontaneous assembly of In(III) and bidentate ditopic ligand (pzdc) gives a novel compound with four-connected 3D framework which demonstrates a NbO-like net.
Formation of Silicate-mediated CaCO3 Films
Authors: Kotachi Akiko , Miura Takashi , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
We successfully obtained silicate-mediated CaCO3 films on a chitosan surface in an aqueous solution system. The presence of silicate anions induced the miniaturization of the carbonate crystals and two-dimensional growth with the arrangement of the miniaturized subunits on the functional surface. The mortar-like effects of silicate anions on the morphological evolution were quite similar to those of organic polyelectrolytes having carboxy groups, such as poly(acrylic acid).
Rapid One-pot Solid-phase Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazolines
Authors: Lin Xu-Feng , Cui Sun-Liang , Wang Yan-Guang 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The first solid phase synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazolines via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxide generated in situ on solid support with a variety of imines is described. The synthetic sequences were performed in parallel one-pot fashion. Cleavage from the support under two different mild conditions afforded a library of 1,2,4-oxadiazolines in good yields and purity.
Organization of Care: Problems in Developing Countries–The Asian Continent
Authors: Shera A. Samad 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe developing countries are facing a high risk of increasing incidence of diabetes. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2025, more than 109 million people in India, Pakistan, and China will have diabetes. Of the expected 300 million diabetic patients in the world by this time, 75% will belong to the developing countries. To combat this situation, Asian countries will have to develop a strategy to meet the requirements of better diabetes care delivery. This would be based on the technical knowledge, the limited resources, and the epidemiology of each country. Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries.Type 2 diabetes occurs at a relatively younger age, below 40 years, in the Indo‐Pakistan subcontinent. In Pakistan 98% of the diabetic population comprises people with type 2 diabetes.The prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan and India is 12% and approximately 10% in the Middle Eastern countries. The health care structure in these countries deals with acute and episodic illnesses. It is not designed to manage a complex, multisystem chronic disease like diabetes. There is limited availability of trained diabetes health care personnel. The other barriers standing in the way are economic problems, lack of education leading to lack of awareness about diabetes, emotional and social barriers, and lack of political will.Steps have to be taken to overcome these obstacles, which should begin by increasing awareness on diabetes and its magnitude among policymakers, health care providers, and the general public.Cost reduction will have to be looked into, by encouraging the manufacture of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents locally, and research on all aspects of diabetes will have to be encouraged. Education of people with diabetes, the general public, and the health care personnel will have to be improvised effectively.
The Economics of Diabetes Care: Europe
Authors: Siddiqi Kamran , Williams Rhys 
Published: August 2003

AbstractEurope, in addition to its country‐specific studies of the cost of diabetes care, now has one source of data—the CODE‐2 Study—by means of which between‐country comparisons can be made in the knowledge that the same method of study has been advocated throughout. This information, however, is applicable only to the established market‐economy countries that took part. The economic impact of diabetes and its related conditions in eastern European and the former Soviet Union countries is virtually undocumented. In all continents there is still a long way to go before we have reasonably robust, comparable data on these issues. However, it is clear from the data we do have to hand that diabetes and, in particular, its complications have a large economic impact both directly and indirectly. This impact falls on individuals, families, the health care sector, and society in general. It is also clear that some methods for the delivery of diabetes health care are more cost‐effective than others, but it is also likely (though as yet untested) that the most cost‐effective approach of all is the primary prevention of the condition.
Natural Remediation of TNT‐Contaminated Water and Soil
Authors: Gerth A. , Hebner A. , Thomas H. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractContamination of soil and water with explosives, especially TNT, is a widespread problem on military sites, explosives producing plants and ammunition factories. Because the contaminated areas are often very large, off‐site soil treatment technologies are prohibitively costly. Groundwater decontamination has to deal with large quantities of water, so pump‐and‐treat remediation has to be operated for decades. Since there is a need for cost‐effective new technologies for cleaning up soil and groundwater, biological technologies for the remediation of TNT in both media have been developed and tested. In this article, an overview of the results of container experiments and a pilot scale in‐situ remediation of TNT‐contaminated soil, as well as the results of 1 m3 constructed wetlands for the cleaning of TNT contaminated water is presented. The biological removal of TNT was observed with autochthonous microorganisms; their degradation efficiencies differed depending on the carbon source added. Molasses was found to be a superior carbon source for the TNT cometabolism, compared to wood chips. In constructed wetlands with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h, a reduction in TNT levels of more than 99% was shown.
Remediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) through Landfarming with Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation
Authors: Straube W. L. , Nestler C. C. , Hansen L. D. , Ringleberg D. , Pritchard P. H. , Jones‐Meehan J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractMany soils contaminated with high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) contain PAH‐degrading microorganisms. These microbes are often limited in their degradation capability because of some limiting environmental factors (i.e., low aqueous solubility of PAHs, low bioavailability of PAHs, nitrogen or other nutrient limitation, high co‐contamination levels such as pentachlorophenol [PCP] that can inhibit PAH biodegradation, etc.). Microcosm studies were done using biostimulation (addition of ground rice hulls as a bulking agent and dried blood as a slow‐release nitrogen source) and/or bioaugmentation (addition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 64, a biosurfactant‐producer on a vermiculite carrier). Soil from the POPILE, Inc. Superfund site (PAHs at 13,000 mg/kg, average and PCP at 1,500 mg/kg, average) was used. After 11 months, control microcosms (no treatment) showed a 23% decrease in total PAHs and a 48% decrease in total BaP toxic equivalents. The biostimulated microcosms showed a 34% decrease in total PAHs and a 57% decrease in total BaP toxic equivalents, while the biostimulated and bioaugmented microcosms revealed an 87% decrease in total PAHs and a 67% decrease in total BaP toxic equivalents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 64 is not a PAH‐degrader, t herefore, this reduction in PAHs was due to stimulated deg rada tion by the autochthonous microbial community. Pan studies were designed t o tes t the imp roved bioremediation of HMW PAHs using biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation on a larger scale. Drywells were used to monitor soil microbial respiration, soil moisture was maintained at 50–80% of the soil field moisture capacity (FMC), cultivation was carried out weekly with rototillers, and microbial biomass and community composition (indigenous microbiota and augmented soil) were determined by PLFA profiles. An initial rapid decrease in PAH concentration was observed in the pan receiving both bioaugmentation and biostimulation (50% degradation at six months). The pan that was biostimulated only achieved the 50% level at seven months. After 16 months, the control pan showed a 12% decrease in PAHs, while biostimulated only and both biostimulated and bioaugmented pans showed an 86 and 87% removal, respectively. These two pans developed similar microbial communities, and these communities were different from that in the control pan 1. Supplementing autochthonous bacterial communities, using slow‐release nitrogen fertiliser and bulking agent has great potential for improving landfarming of PAH‐contaminated soils.