bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein in salivary gland tumours: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Kernohan N. M. , Blessing K. , King G. , Corbett I. P. , Miller I. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSections of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded primary salivary gland tumours were stained with a monoclonal antibody to the c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein to determine the incidence and significance of expression of this protein. The series of 131 tumours comprised 33 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 2 of malignant mixed tumour, 1 oxyphil adenoma, 31 Warthin's tumours, 4 basal cell adenomas, 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 14 acinic cell carcinomas, 19 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 3 squamous carcinomas, and 18 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Positive staining, as defined in previous studies, was present in five tumours (three cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, one mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and one adenoid cystic carcinoma). A review of the medical records of all patients did not disclose any clear difference between the clinical behaviour of positive and negative cases over a period of follow‐up that ranged from 18 to 120 months. The findings of this study indicate that the protein product of the c‐erbB‐2 proto‐oncogene is infrequently expressed in salivary gland tumours, and when it is localized on the tumour cell surface membrane, there is no clear evidence that this determines the biological behaviour of the tumour.
The AMeX method: A multipurpose tissue‐processing and paraffin‐embedding method. III. Extraction and purification of RNA and application to slot‐blot hybridization analysis
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Mukai Kiyoshi , Furuya Shuichiroh , Shimosato Yukio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRNA was extracted from tissues processed by a new fixation and paraffin‐embedding method (the AMeX method) and examined by Northern blot analysis and slot‐blot analysis. The RNA extraction method for AMeX‐processed tissue sections after the deparaffinization step was the same as that for fresh materials. The total amount of cellular RNA extracted from AMeX‐processed mouse liver tissue was slightly less than that extracted from fresh tissue. In tissues of malignant lymphoma, the total amount of cellular RNA extracted from 25 sections each 20μm thick was about 1·6–1·8 μg/mm2, regardless of the histological subtype and period of storage. The extracted RNA was moderately degraded, and usually could not be used for Northern blot hybridization analysis. The intensity of ethidium bromide staining and the hybridization signals of RNA extracted from AMeX‐processed tissues were usually reduced in comparison with RNA from fresh material, but specific signals could be detected by slot‐blot hybridization analysis. We have demonstrated previously that the AMeX method preserves high‐molecular‐weight DNA and various antigens. Since the present study showed that information on mRNA can be obtained from AMeX‐processed tissue, the versatility and usefulness of this method were further proven.
Long‐term survival in breast cancer related to overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein: An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibody NCL‐CB11
Authors: Dykins Roger , Corbett Ian P. , Henry James A. , Wright Christopher , Yuan Jun , Hennessy Colm , Lennard Thomas J. W. , Angus Brian , Horne Charles H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a previous series we have shown poor short‐term (3–5 years) survival for patients with tumours overexpressing the c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein. In this study we employed archival paraffin‐embedded tissue from patients who underwent mastectomy 10–12 years prior to assessment (n = 187). Immunohistochemical staining was carried out by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique using the novel monoclonal antibody NCL‐CBll. Tumours were scored according to intensity of membrane staining. Patient and tumour information was obtained by scrutiny of clinical records. Survival analysis was carried out for both time to relapse and time to death, using the log rank test.Patients with tumours demonstrating intense membrane staining had a poor prognosis compared with the rest, with a steeply sloped survival curve over the first 4 years; the survival difference was still evident at 12 years follow‐up (P < 0·001). The survival advantage for c‐erbB‐2 negative patients was maintained in lymph node negative patients (P < 0·001). However, c‐erbB‐2 status did not influence survival in the node positive group, where all patients had a uniformly poor outlook. These results applied to both time to relapse and time to death. In conclusion, c‐erbB‐2 status, determined using NCL‐CBll, is a powerful prognostic indicator, defining in particular node negative patients with a particularly poor prognosis, and for whom alternative therapeutic strategies may be appropriate.
Transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Barton Claire M. , Hall Peter A. , Hughes Christine M. , Gullick William J. , Lemoine Nicholas R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOverexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported as an important molecular abnormality in human pancreatic cancer. There is in vitro evidence that simultaneous overproduction of one of its ligands, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐alpha), might result in an autocrine loop with an increased proliferation signal. We analysed by immunocytochemical staining a retrospective series of human pancreatic cancers, chronic pancreatitis, and normal fetal and adult pancreatic tissues for the presence of TGF‐alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Ductal epithelial cells showed TGF‐alpha immunoreactivity in both normal tissue and chronic pancreatitis, and 95 per cent of tumours showed strong immunoreactivity. In contrast, EGF immunoreactivity was not found in normal pancreas, but was expressed in 12 per cent of pancreatic carcinomas. Well‐defined areas of EGF immunoreactivity in exocrine ducts showing reactive changes in pancreatitis might represent a benign response to tissue damage similar to that previously described in the gastric mucosa.
Observer variation in the measurement of Breslow depth and Clark's level in thin cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Colloby Peter S. , West Kevin P. , Fletcher Alan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have assessed the degree of observer variation of both Breslow depth and Clark's level in a series of 50 thin malignant melanomas. Our findings are similar to those of previous international studies in that Breslow depth is the more reproducible measure. Significant intra‐ and inter‐observer variation exists and in some cases it was up to ±0·86 mm. Even small differences will potentially affect patient management at our centre and this was analysed using kappa statistics. Good agreement was found between observers and this could be improved by comparing the mean of two or more measurements. This removes larger errors, but smaller observer errors and differences in subjective interpretation of the deepest malignant cell mean that agreement will never be more than 90 per cent. This is high compared with studies of observer variation in other pathological conditions, e.g., dysplasia of the cervix, but where surgical management is potentially disfiguring it is not high enough. We conclude that Breslow depth and Clark's level should not be the sole basis of wide excision protocols.
The differential diagnosis of epithelial‐type mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma and reactive mesothelial proliferation
Authors: Soosay Geraldine N. , Griffiths Meryl , Papadaki Lucienne , Happerfield Lisa , Borrow Lynda 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThree monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been applied to 14 adenocarcinomas, eight mesotheliomas, and nine reactive mesothelial proliferations. One of these, AUA1, is a novel antibody in this context. It was found in 13/14 of the adenocarcinomas but not in benign or malignant mesothelial tissue, making it a potential substitute for carcino‐embyronic antigen (CEA) in the differential diagnosis of mesotheliomas from adenocarcinomas. In addition, the lesions were stained using an argyrophil technique to identify nucleolar organizer regions. The results of counting these showed a small but significant overlap in their numbers between malignant and benign mesothelial proliferations. Although there was a difference overall in the numbers of nucleolar organizer regions in adenocarcinomas and mesotheliomas, on the one hand, and benign hyperplasias, on the other, this overlap considerably reduces their value in assessing individual difficult cases.
The expression of c‐fos protein in human breast
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. , Cowl J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of the c‐fos protein has been examined in non‐malignant and malignant human breast using immunohistochemistry. Since in some cell types expression is associated with differentiation, while in other cells induction is related to growth, the extent of reactivity in carcinomas has been related to tumour grade, oestrogen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Ki‐67 staining.There was a greater degree of staining in the carcinomas than in the normal and benign tissue. In the latter, there was no relationship with menopausal status or with extent of proliferative changes. In all instances, staining was nuclear. Poorly differentiated carcinomas had a greater degree of reactivity, but the converse did not apply to the well differentiated tumours. There was no relationship with oestrogen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, or Ki‐67 labelling.The greater expression observed in carcinomas correlates with previously reported RNA studies. There is no clear relationship between c‐fos protein detection and proliferation or differentiation.
Reduced apoptotic cell death in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Hollowood Kevin , Macartney James C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that inhibition of germinal centre cell apoptosis may underlie the development of follicle centre cell lymphomas. We have performed a comparative, quantitative study of apoptotic cell death in germinal centres and in the neoplastic follicles of centroblastic–centrocytic, follicular, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (Cb/Cc NHL). Ten cases each of reactive follicular hyperplasia and Cb/Cc NHL were analysed. One‐micrometre‐thick resinembedded sections were examined at × 1000 magnification. The total numbers of cells, nuclear containing apoptotic bodies, and mitoses were counted in each follicle and the apoptotic and mitotic indices were derived. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on selected cases to confirm the typical features of apoptosis. The mean apoptotic (4·9 per cent) and mitotic indices (0·9 per cent) for the germinal centres were significantly higher (P < < 0·001) than those for the neoplastic follicles (0·9 and 0·14 per cent). These results lend support to the recent proposal that reduced apoptotic cell death may be important in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphomas.
Chronic pyelonephritis: The significance of renal renin and the vascular changes in the human kidney
Authors: Peh Suat Cheng , Lindop George B. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHypertension complicates chronic pyelonephritis. Since arterial narrowing is common in the damaged kidney, activation of the renin–angiotensin system due to renal ischaemia has been suggested as a pathogenetic mechanism. We used an antiserum to human renin and an immunoperoxidase technique to study the anatomy of renin‐containing cells (RCC) in 18 kidneys removed for pyeloneophritis. We independently assessed the degree of arterial narrowing and correlated these variables with the clinical findings. There was histological evidence of hyperplasia of RCC in 5 of the 6 hypertensive patients and in 7 of the 12 non‐hypertensive cases. There was no difference in the apparent number or distribution of RCC between the hypertensive and the non‐hypertensive cases. Also, the degree of arterial narrowing did not correlate with either the hyperplasia of RCC or the blood pressure of the patients. Our results do not support the hypothesis that narrowing of the intrarenal arteries is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension in pyelonephritis. In our cases, the renal veins were more severely damaged than the arteries and their lumina were often obliterated by organized thrombus. We suggest that such widespread obliteration of the renal venous tree could impair blood flow and contribute to the tissue damage in the pyelonephritic kidney.
Simultaneous detection of fluorescent in situ hybridization and in vivo incorporated brdu in a human bladder tumour
Authors: van Dekken Herman , Vish Edward W. Scher , Pizzolo John G. , Fair William R. , Melamed Myron R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have used fluorescent in situ hybridization and simultaneous in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling of a solid bladder cancer to examine tumour cell subsets for possible proliferative growth differences. In this dual‐labelled preparation, most tumour cell nuclei exhibited monosomy 9, consistent with reported karyotypes of bladder cancer.1 Incorporated bromodeoxyuridine was visualized with a fluoresceinated antibody in 5–6 per cent of the tumour cells, concordant with S‐phase estimates by cell cycle analysis of the flow cytometric DNA histogram. A majority of the bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells also carried the monosomy 9 chromosome abnormality. This is the first report to demonstrate the feasibility of combined in situ hybridization and detection of bromodeoxyuridine incorporated in vivo in human tumour cells in order to provide information on the growth rate of specific subsets of tumour cells identified by chromosomal constitution.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour with annulate lamellae mimicking pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Goodlad J. R. , Fletcher C. D. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe nature and nosologic status of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), or at least its most common pleomorphic variant, are a matter of controversy and it is possible that this entity represents the shared morphologic phenotype of a range of other dedifferetiated neoplasms. An unusual case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour which very closely mimicked pleomorphic MFH is presented. Its true nature was only disclosed by ultrastructural examination. A further interesting and previously unreported feature in tumours of this type was the presence of annulate lamellae in many of the tumour cells. This case adds weight to the assertion that the light microscopic features of pleomorphic MFH may not be specific.
Late BCNU lung: A light and ultrastructural study on the delayed effect of BCNU on the lung parenchyma
Authors: Hasleton P. S. , O'Driscoll B. R. , Lynch P. , Webster A. , Kalra S. J. , Gattamaneini H. R. , Woodcock A. A. , Poulter L. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe eight patients who developed interstitial pulmonary fibrosis following BCNU (carmustine) therapy for cerebral tumours. The fibrosis presented 12–17 (mean 14) years after exposure to the drug. A distinctive pattern of pulmonary fibrosis with involvement of the apices and subpleural areas was seen in one patient dying of the disease. Light microscopy showed interstitial elastosis and intra‐alveolar fibrosis which was often focal with an associated mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, intra‐alveolar oedema, macrophages, and some neutrophils. Ultrastructural studies showed electron lucency of type I pneumocytes, with breaks in the cytoplasmic membranes leaving a bare basement membrane. Degenerative change was also seen in endothelial cell cytoplasm along with lipofuscin deposition.While BCNU pulmonary fibrosis has been described up to 2 years after treatment, this complication so late after therapy, though rare, has important implications for the follow‐up of patients receiving this drug.
Localization of immunoglobulin light chain mRNA expression in Hodgkin's disease by in situ hybridization
Authors: Ruprai Anita K. , Pringle J. H. , Angel Carole A. , Kind C. N. , Lauder I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn situ hybridization techniques were used to detect immunoglobulin light chain messenger RNA (mRNA) in 28 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples of Hodgkin's disease. Cocktails of biotinylated oligonucleotide probes specific for the constant regions of kappa and lambda light chain mRNA were used. None of the Reed‐Sternberg cells or their variants in any of the cases studied showed positive staining with either probe, in contrast to normal plasma cells which showed strong staining in the same sections. It was concluded, therefore, that the cytoplasmic immunoglobulin frequently detected within these cells by immunocytochemistry is present not as a result of synthesis, but as a result of some other mechanism.
Measurement of the tissue distribution of immunoperoxidase staining with polyclonal anti‐BCG serum in lung granulomata of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Orrell J. M. , Brett S. J. , Ivanyi J. , Coghill G. , Grant A. , Beck J. Swanson 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMice inoculated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H37Rv were used as a model of human tuberculosis. The microanatomical location of immunoperoxidase staining with a polyclonal anti‐BCG serum was within macrophages and appeared granular rather than delineating whole bacilli. Immunoperoxidase staining appears to demonstrate degraded mycobacterial antigens from disrupted organisms and so reflects prior turnover of bacilli. On Ziehl–Neelsen staining, intact or almost intact bacilli are seen and so the extent of this form of staining reflects the current bacillary load. Both methods have limited sensitivity, but with larger mycobacterial loads the area of immunoperoxidase stain measured on a semi‐automated image analyser correlated with the numbers of bacilli observed. The immunoperoxidase method will be useful in the evaluation of residual antigen in studying the pathogenesis of experimental murine tuberculosis. In human mycobacterial granulomata, this immunohistochemical technique should provide an alternative method of estimating the extent of bacillary load: this approach may also provide evidence of mycobacterial infection from residual antigen deposits in the tissue when whole bacilli have been successfully cleared.
An assessment of MAC 387 antibody as a diagnostically useful marker of L1 epithelial antigen expression by lung tumours
Authors: Mayall Frederick G. , Gibbs Allen R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA recent report describing the distribution of L1 epithelial antigen in lung tumours in relation to the histological type claimed that this antigen was a highly reliable marker of squamous cell carcinoma. Our study was designed to test this claim and to examine the potential of this antigen in the typing of lung tumours in biopsy specimens. A total of 143 lung tumours were typed according to the WHO classification and examined immunhistochemically for L1 epithelial antigen experession using commercially available monoclonal mouse anti‐human myeloid/histiocyte antigen (MAC 387). Positivity was found in 46 of 55 squamous cell carcinomas (84 per cent), 12 of 27 adenocarcinomas (44 per cent), 15 of 16 adenosquamous carcinomas (93 per cent), 10 of 15 large cell carcinomas (67 per cent), none of 20 small cell carcinomas, and none of 10 carcinoid tumours. Of those tumours expressing L1 epithelial antigen, most showed a patchy pattern of positivity. From this study it is clear that detection of L1 epithelial antigen, most showed a patchy pattern of positivity. From this study it is clear that detection of L1 epithelial antigen by MAC 387 antibody is not specific for squamous cell carcinomas, but it may have a limited use in the diagnosis of small cell carcinomas and carcinoid tumours as these are consistently negative.
Investigation of a quantitative post‐hybridization signal amplification system for mRNA‐oligodeoxyribonucleotide in situ hybridization
Authors: Hoyland Judith A. , Freemont Anthony J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study was undertaken to assess a post‐hybridization amplification system for increasing the sensitivity of in‐situ hybridization with oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligonucleotide) probes.The technique employs a multilayer streptavidin–biotinylated link protein amplification technique, similar to that used in the ABV histochemical amplification system, to attach increasing numbers of radiolabelled streptavidin molecules to a biotinylated ologonucleotide probe.In tissue sections the amplification technique increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio dramatically, increasing the sensitivity of in situ hybridization and reducing the autoradiographic exposure time. On an artificial medium the amplification technique has been shown to increase the hybridization signal 100‐fold when compared with a directly radiolabelled oligonucleotide probe. The technique could be used to compare relative amounts of target molecule, there being a linear relationship between the detectable signal and the log of the concentration of the target molecule.
A histochemical and immunocytochemical study of hepatic copper and metallothionein in the pre‐ and post‐natal rat
Authors: Elmes Margaret E. , Haywood Susan , Jasani Bharat 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHistochemical and immunocytochemical methods to demonstrate copper, copper‐associated protein, lipfuscin, and metallothionein were applied to the liver of fetal and neonatal rats (mid‐term, pre‐term, and 1,3, and 7 days post‐natal). Copper was detected only at 1 and 7 days post‐natal. No copper‐associated protein was found in any liver examined. Lipofuscin granules were present around term in small numbers but were most abundant at 7 days post‐natal when the majority of them were also positive for copper. Metallothionein staining, both nuclear and cytoplasmic, was maximal at mid‐term and becames less intense with maturity. Although nuclear staining was always present, cytoplasmic, staining varied between different areas of the liver. No marked difference in staining intensity was found between 3 and 7 days post‐natal. There are marked differences in copper metabolism in the maturing liver between the rat and man.
In vitro modulation of cellular localization of milk fat globule membrane antigens in human breast carcinomas
Authors: Corcoran David , Jones J. Louise , Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlterations in the cellular localization of cell surface components such as the milk fat globule membrane are a common feature of breast carcinomas and relate to the differentiation of a tumour. This study has examined the potential modulation of such components.A group of carcinomas were cultured with and without insulin and/or hydrocortisone and the site of staining for milk fat globule membrane, as detected by the antibodies HMFG 1, HMFG 2, and NCRC 11, was assessed using light microscopic and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Modulation of localization, with a shift from cytoplasmic vesicle labelling to submembraneous vesicles/cell surface labelling and intracytoplasmic luminal labelling, was observed in 5 of 14 moderately differentiated and 8 of 11 poorly differentiated carcinomas. Two well differentiated carcinomas continued to show peripheral labelling; three poorly differentiated carcinomas showed no change from cytoplasmic labelling only; and the other carcinomas exhibited heterogeneous localization, making any change difficult to assess. Insulin was required for any change to be observed and it is suggested that this has an effect on the mechanisms for intracellular transport of membrane and secretory proteins.