bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Optimal Control of Spacecraft Angular Momentum for
Spatial Turn Taking into Account Energy Costs Using Quaternions
Authors: Levskii Mikhail 
Published: January 2024

Background:
In this paper, we propose solving the specific original problem of control
synthesis of spacecraft attitude. Optimization of the control program is made with the use of
a new criterion of quality that combines energy costs and duration of reorientation under restrictions
on control (the presence of a time factor limits the duration of slew maneuver).

Methods:
The construction of optimal control for angular momentum change is based on the quaternion
method and L.S. Pontryagin maximum principle. An analytical solution to the problem
was obtained on the base of a differential equation relating the orientation quaternion and angular
momentum of a spacecraft.

Results:
Key properties of the optimal solution are formulated in analytical form; the features of
optimal motion are studied in detail. The control law is formulated in the form of explicit dependence
between control and phase variables. In a case when the controlling torque is limited by
the given restriction (at the beginning and end of a turn), analytical formulas have been written
for the duration of braking and acceleration. Main relations which determine optimal values of
parameters of the algorithm for control of angular momentum are given. Examples and results of
mathematical modeling of spacecraft motion formed by optimal control were given. This data in
addition to the theoretical descriptions illustrates the process of reorientation in evident form and
demonstrates the practical feasibility of a designed method for control of angular momentum during
spatial turn.

Conclusion:
The designed optimal algorithm of control of spacecraft motion improves the efficiency
of spacecraft attitude system, and originates more economical performance of spacecraft
during flight on orbit.
Phase 2 Trial of Cemdisiran in Adult Patients with IgA Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Barratt Jonathan , Liew Adrian , Yeo See Cheng , Fernström Anders , Barbour Sean J. , Sperati C. John , Villanueva Russell , Wu Ming-Ju , Wang Dazhe , Borodovsky Anna , Badri Prajakta , Yureneva Elena , Bhan Ishir , Cattran Daniel ,   on behalf of the Cemdisiran Phase 2 Study Investigators and Collaborators
Published: January 2024

Background
IgA nephropathy is the most common primary GN. Clinical features of IgA nephropathy include proteinuria, which is the strongest known surrogate of progression to kidney failure. Complement pathway activation is a critical driver of inflammation and tissue injury in IgA nephropathy. Cemdisiran is an investigational RNA interference therapeutic that suppresses hepatic production of complement component 5 (C5), thereby potentially reducing proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of cemdisiran in adult patients with IgA nephropathy at high risk of kidney disease progression.

Methods
In this phase 2, 36-week, double-blind study, adult patients with IgA nephropathy and urine protein ≥1 g/24 hours were randomized (2:1) to subcutaneous cemdisiran 600 mg or placebo every 4 weeks in combination with the standard of care. The primary end point was percentage change from baseline at week 32 in urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) measured by 24-hour urine collection. Additional end points included change from baseline in UPCR measured by spot urine, serum C5 level, and safety assessments.

Results
Thirty-one patients were randomized (cemdisiran, N=22; placebo, N=9). Cemdisiran-treated patients had a placebo-adjusted geometric mean change in 24-hour UPCR of –37.4% (cemdisiran-adjusted geometric mean ratio to baseline [SEM], 0.69 [0.10]) at week 32. Spot UPCR was consistent with 24-hour UPCR placebo-adjusted change of –45.8% (cemdisiran-adjusted geometric mean ratio to baseline [SEM], 0.73 [0.11]). Mean (SD) change in serum C5 level from baseline at week 32 was –98.7% (1.2) with cemdisiran and 25.2% (57.7) with placebo. Over 36 weeks, most adverse events were mild or moderate and transient; the most common adverse event after cemdisiran treatment was injection-site reaction (41%).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that treatment with cemdisiran resulted in a reduction of proteinuria at week 32 and was well tolerated.
Strategic Planning Documents Assessment of the Russian Far East
Authors: Borshchevskiy G. A. 
Published: January 2024

In the article we analyze strategic planning documents on the Russian Far East socio-economic development. The study is based on a combination of quantitative methods (e. g. regression and correlation analysis, modeling, average method, index method, difference of differences method, factor analysis) and qualitative methods (document analysis, case study, best practice identification, classification method, SWOT analysis). We proposed an index of socio-economic development and revealed that the activation of the regulation have a multiplier effect in a generally positive impact on the Far Eastern regions development. Forecasting showed that in the medium term, the scenario of moderate growth can be considered the most likely. We developed some proposals to improve the strategic planning documents efficiency. In particular, “point” tools should be integrated to ensure a complex planning. Each planning document should provide for the possibility of statistical evaluation. It is necessary to justify the introduction of new strategic priorities, and monitoring should be carried out not only during the implementation of the document (in actu ), but also after its completion ( ex post).
Pulmonary Function Trajectories Over 6 Years and Their Determinants in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Davis Timothy M.E. , Drinkwater Jocelyn J. , Davis Wendy A. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether there are clusters of people with type 2 diabetes with distinct temporal profiles of lung function changes and characteristics.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identified groups of participants with type 2 diabetes from the community-based observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) who had at least two biennial measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s as a percentage of predicted (FEV1%pred) over 6 years. Independent associates of group membership were assessed using multinomial regression.

RESULTS
Of 1,482 potential FDS2 participants, 1,074 (72.5%; mean age, 65.2 years; 45.5% female; median diabetes duration, 8.0 years) were included in the modeling. The best fitting GBTM model identified four groups categorized by FEV1%pred trajectory: high (19.5%; baseline FEV1%pred, 106.5 ± 9.5%; slope 0%/year), medium (47.7%; FEV1%pred, 87.3 ± 8.7%; slope, −0.32%/year), low (25.0%; baseline FEV1%pred, 68.9 ± 9.8%; slope, −0.72%/year), and very low (7.9%; baseline FEV1%pred, 48.8 ± 9.6%; slope, −0.68%/year). Compared with the high group, the other groups were characterized by nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors associated with lung function decline in the general population (including ethnicity, marital status, smoking, obesity, coronary heart disease, and chronic respiratory disease). The main, diabetes-specific, significant predictor of group membership was a higher HbA1c in the very low group. There was a graded increase in mortality from 6.7% in the high group to 22.4% in the very low group.

CONCLUSIONS
Measurement of lung function in type 2 diabetes could help optimize clinical management and improve prognosis, including addressing glycemic control in those with a very low FEV1%pred.
Magnetic collars improve owner-reported pain scores in dogs with osteoarthritis in a blinded crossover study
Authors: Picton Fiona A. , Fontaine Samantha J. , McBrearty Alix R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in owner-reported pain, interference of pain on function, and quality of life (QOL) in dogs with clinically suspected osteoarthritis when wearing a collar containing a static magnet.

ANIMALS
16 dogs over 5 years old weighing between 10 and 40 kg with a clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis and on stable treatment.

METHODS
A prospective, blinded crossover study in which dogs wore a collar containing a static magnet or placebo for two 4-week study arms separated by a 2-week washout period. Clients completed the Canine Brief Pain Inventory prior to collar placement and then weekly throughout each arm. Changes in QOL, pain severity, and pain interference scores from the beginning to the end of these arms and changes between the arms were calculated and analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

RESULTS
40% of included dogs were on stable doses of NSAIDs. The pain severity scores (PSS), pain interference scores (PIS), and QOL scores were not significantly different at the start of the arms. There was no significant change in PSS or PIS from the start to end of the placebo arms (median changes, 0 and –0.1). Both PSS and PIS reduced significantly during the magnet arms (median changes, –1.0 and –1.2, respectively). The QOL scores did not change significantly in either arm (median changes, 0 and 0).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This preliminary study suggests that magnetic collars reduce owner-reported pain severity and pain interference on function in dogs with clinically suspected osteoarthritis, and further, larger investigations are now warranted.
DEFORMATION REGIMES OF FLUID-SATURATED RESERVOIRS UNDER SEISMIC IMPACT ACCORDING TO PRECISION HYDROGEOLOGICAL MONITORING DATA (A REVIEW)
Authors: Петухова С.М. , Горбунова Э.М. 
Published: January 2024

Исследованию механизмов деформирования флюидонасыщенных коллекторов посвящено большое количество научных работ. Данные дистанционного прецизионного гидрогеологического мониторинга позволяют объективно оценивать фильтрационные свойства флюидонасыщенных коллекторов. Реакция системы «пласт - скважина» на атмосферное давление, земные приливы и прохождение сейсмических волн от землетрясений проявляется в виде осцилляций уровня подземных вод, косейсмических и постсейсмических эффектов. Гидрогеологические отклики на квазистационарные факторы соответствуют пороупругому деформированию массива горных пород. Эпизодическое сейсмическое воздействие может приводить как к пороупругой, так и к неупругой реакции флюидонасыщенного коллектора. В ближней зоне землетрясений, в области статических напряжений, установлено скачкообразное (ступенчатое) изменение проницаемости, которое может быть связано с различными механизмами. К ним относятся разжижение дисперсного грунта, дилатансия - трещинообразование на контакте пород с разными прочностными характеристиками и другие. В промежуточной и дальней зонах, области динамических напряжений, длиннопериодные колебания, вызванные прохождением поперечных и поверхностных волн, могут приводить к кольматации/декольматации микротрещин и вариациям проницаемости. Формирование целостного представления о режиме деформирования массива горных пород при сейсмическом воздействии направлено на прогнозную оценку возможных изменений фильтрационных свойств флюидонасыщенных коллекторов.
A large volume of scientific papers is devoted to the study of the deformation mechanisms of fluid-saturated reservoirs. Precision hydrogeological monitoring data allows to objectively assess filtration properties of fluid-saturated reservoirs. The reaction of the «reservoir-well» system to atmospheric pressure, Earth tides and the propagation of earthquakes seismic waves can occur in the form of the groundwater level oscillations, coseismic and postseismic effects. Hydrogeological responses to quasi-stationary factors are determined by poroelastic deformation of the rock mass. Episodic seismic impact can lead to both poroelastic and inelastic reaction of a fluid-saturated reservoir. In the near-field zone of earthquakes, in the area of static stresses, an abrupt (step-like) change of permeability has been established, which may be associated with various mechanisms. These include liquefaction of dispersed soil, dilatancy - crack formation at the contact zone of rocks with different strength characteristics, and others. In the intermediate and distant zones, areas of dynamic stresses, long-period oscillations caused by the passage of shear and surface waves can lead to microcracks clogging/unclogging and variations of permeability. The formation of a holistic view of the deformation regime of a rock mass under seismic impact is aimed to predictpossible changes of the fluid-saturated reservoirs filtration properties.
LABORATORY MODELING OF ROCK FRAGMENTS’ DISPLACEMENTS DURING EARTHQUAKES
Authors: Родкин М.В. , Шарафиев З.З. 
Published: January 2024

Получение точной оценки сейсмической опасности затруднено краткостью интервалов времени, за которые имеются сейсмические данные, по сравнению с периодом повторяемости сильных землетрясений. Решение проблемы дают методы палеосейсмологии. Одним из них, возможно наиболее экономичным является метод оценки максимальных скоростей смещения грунта при сильных палеоземлетрясениях (PGVEM). Метод основан на интерпретации полевых наблюдений о предположительно сейсмогенных смещениях скальных отдельностей. Для уточнения метода PGVEM проведена серия экспериментов. Для ряда типичных грунтовых условий получен разброс ожидаемых величин смещений и показана возможность возникновения эмпирически наблюдаемых случаев аномально больших смещений блоков в случае замены режима трения скольжения на смещение блоков за счет их опрокидывания и переворачивания. Проведенные эксперименты позволяют предложить ряд рекомендаций по уточнению применения метода PGVEM.
Obtaining an accurate assessment of seismic hazard is complicated by the short time intervals for which seismic data are available, compared to the recurrence period of strong earthquakes. The problem can be solved by methods of paleoseismology. One of them, probably the most economical, is the method for estimating of peak ground velocities during strong paleo-earthquakes (PGVEM). The method is based on the interpretation of field observations of presumably seismogenic displacements of rock units. A series of laboratory modeling experiments were carried out to refine the error of the PGVEM method. For typical ground conditions the scatter of rock pieces displacements was examined, and the possibility of empirically observed cases of anomalously large displacements of rock blocks was indicated. Such cases can occur in the case of replacement of the sliding friction mode by displacement due to overturning of rock fragments. The conducted experiments allow us to propose a few recommendations to refine the application of the PGVEM method in field condition.
Seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus and vaccination coverage of tick-borne encephalitis, Sweden, 2018 to 2019
Authors: Albinsson Bo , Hoffman Tove , Kolstad Linda , Bergström Tomas , Bogdanovic Gordana , Heydecke Anna , Hägg Mirja , Kjerstadius Torbjörn , Lindroth Ylva , Petersson Annika , Stenberg Marie , Vene Sirkka , Ellström Patrik , Rönnberg Bengt , Lundkvist Åke 
Published: January 2024

Background
In Sweden, information on seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in the population, including vaccination coverage and infection, is scattered. This is largely due to the absence of a national tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination registry, scarcity of previous serological studies and use of serological methods not distinguishing between antibodies induced by vaccination and infection. Furthermore, the number of notified TBE cases in Sweden has continued to increase in recent years despite increased vaccination.

Aim
The aim was to estimate the TBEV seroprevalence in Sweden.

Methods
In 2018 and 2019, 2,700 serum samples from blood donors in nine Swedish regions were analysed using a serological method that can distinguish antibodies induced by vaccination from antibodies elicited by infection. The regions were chosen to reflect differences in notified TBE incidence.

Results
The overall seroprevalence varied from 9.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6–13.6%) to 64.0% (95% CI: 58.3–69.4%) between regions. The proportion of vaccinated individuals ranged from 8.7% (95% CI: 5.8–12.6) to 57.0% (95% CI: 51.2–62.6) and of infected from 1.0% (95% CI: 0.2–3.0) to 7.0% (95% CI: 4.5–10.7). Thus, more than 160,000 and 1,600,000 individuals could have been infected by TBEV and vaccinated against TBE, respectively. The mean manifestation index was 3.1%.

Conclusion
A difference was observed between low- and high-incidence TBE regions, on the overall TBEV seroprevalence and when separated into vaccinated and infected individuals. The estimated incidence and manifestation index argue that a large proportion of TBEV infections are not diagnosed.
Inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew in barley accessions from Ethiopia
Authors: Abdullaev R. A. , Yakovleva O. V. , Lebedeva T. V. 
Published: January 2024

Background. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the key food crops, ranking fourth in the world in terms of sown area and production among cereals. Often, one of the main factors that reduces yield and product quality is the spread of fungal pathogens in commercial crops. Powdery mildew (causative agent: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal) is considered one of the most common and harmful among barley diseases. Plant resistance to B. graminis limits the spread of the disease, and the development of resistant cultivars prevents a decrease in plant productivity. The specificity of the host–pathogen relationship and the loss of efficiency in many genes determine the need for a continuous study of previously unexplored local barley forms and a search for new, most effective resistance genes.Materials and methods. The genetic control of juvenile resistance to B. graminis was studied in 14 accessions of spring barley from the Ethiopian (Abyssinian) center of crop origin. The natural population of the pathogen served as infectious material for infecting barley. The intensity and nature of sporulation as well as the qualitative reactions of plant tissues in response to the penetration of the fungus (necrosis and chlorosis) were accepted as indicators of resistance in the accessions. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. The genetic control of the resistance trait was studied using the method of hybridological analysis followed by statistical processing.Results and conclusions. Barleys from the Ethiopian center of morphogenesis are characterized by great genetic diversity. Studying the inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew made it possible to ascertain the monogenic control of the trait in all studied forms. Ten barley accessions with one effective recessive resistance allele and four with the dominant control of the trait may be recommended for immunity-targeted breeding.
Allelic diversity of the SSR locus VVIB23 linked to the flower sex in wild-growing grapevine genotypes of Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Ilnitskaya E. T. , Makarkina M. V. , Kozhevnikov E. A. , Gorbunov I. V. 
Published: January 2024

Background. Studying wild-growing grapevines is of interest because it expands the knowledge on the genetic diversity within the gene pool and helps to search for new resistance sources. One of the main differences between wild vines and cultivars is the type of their reproductive system: wild grapes are represented by cross-pollinated dioecious vines, while cultivated ones are, with rare exceptions, hermaphrodites capable of self-pollination. A DNA marker applicable to determine the grape flower sex has been identified.Materials and methods. The VVIB23 DNA marker to the Sex gene determining the flower sex was used to study 36 genotypes of wild-growing grapes selected in 2019–2021 within the Utrish Nature Reserve near Gelendzhik and the Krasny Les State Nature Reserve on the right bank of the Kuban River. PCR technique was applied, and the results were evaluated on a Nanofor 05 genetic analyzer.Results. The studied grapevine accessions were found to be variable for the VVIB23 SSR locus: 7 types of alleles were identified. Alleles corresponding to the male flower type were present in 14 genotypes, and those corresponding to the female type in 21. A PCR fragment whose size, according to the published data, correlated with hermaphroditism was not found, which is typical for wild genotypes. The DNA marker analysis failed to determine the flower sex of one accession.Conclusion. The results of the DNA marker analysis showed that the studied wild-growing grapevine genotypes were dioecious forms
The trait-specific collection of large-seeded sunflower at VIR: ba source for breeding cultivars and hybrids
Authors: Gavrilova V. A. , Makarova L. G. , Stupnikova T. G. , Alpatieva N. V. , Kusnetsova E. B. , Anisimova I. N. 
Published: January 2024

Background. In recent years, an increase has been observed in the share of sunflower seeds in the confectionery and food industries. There are 30 cultivars and only 3 hybrids for confectionery use among 839 zoned sunflower cultivars and hybrids listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage in 2023. Thus, the development of source material for breeding large-seeded cultivars and hybrids remains a relevant task.Materials and methods. The studied material included 90 accessions selected for their large seed size from VIR’s sunflower collection. The following characters were assessed: 1000 seed weight, days from sprouting to maturation, plant height, head diameter, cypsela color and size, and resistance to downy mildew. DNA markers were used to identify accessions with the Rf1 gene and CMS.Results. Accessions k-2818 (Primorsky Territory), k-3633, k-3748, k-3782 (China), and k-3578 (Ukraine) were the best in 1000 seed weight. Russian cvs. ‘Alekseyevsky Krupnoplodny 2’ (k-3552), ‘Gyar-Gyar’ (k-1589), ‘SPK’ (k-3426), and ‘Lakomka’ (k-3526) confirmed their large seed size. The sterile type of cytoplasm was identified in 12 accessions. Fourteen accessions with fertile cytoplasm had diagnostic markers of the nuclear Rf1 gene.Conclusion. The large-seeded cultivars developed at VNIIMK, ‘SPK’, ‘Lakomka’, and k-3782 from China were the best not only in their large seed size but also in downy mildew resistance. As a result of long-term studies, a trait-specific collection was established for the large seed size trait. It included 90 accessions that can be used in the development of confectionery cultivars. Large-seeded sunflower accessions carrying the Rf1 gene were identified. Some of them became the ancestors of donor lines for both pollen fertility restoration genes and large seed size.
The Impact of Bad Urban Design on the City Environment
Authors: Majid Hasan Haider 
Published: January 2024

Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in environmental issues realizing that humanity depends on the environment and that this environment has been constantly exposed to processes that could threaten the future of humanity. Cities emerged as the most important cause of pollution because they are the place where most industrial goods are produced and consumed. It was also found that a large percentage of the problems of environmental pollution was the result of the failure of the planning authorities in the implementation of the master plan originally laid out to control and control the city. We do not see a reaction from the residents of the region, despite the obvious problems in the study area, which include social and economic problems as well as environmental problems. On the contrary, many people want industrial activities to improve Value of their properties.
The best way to solve urban areas' problems is at the planning stage