bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Nishihara Gakusen , Nakamoto Masahiko , Okamoto Yuji , Kajihara Kazunori , Sakemi Takanobu 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:To investigate the outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD), eight patients on maintenance HD and 245 patients not on HD who suffered from SAH, all of whom were surgically treated at our institution between 1993 and 1997, were reviewed. The clinical features and 3‐month outcome of SAH were analysed in the eight HD patients (three males, five females) and compared with those in the 245 non‐HD patients (77 males, 168 females). Although there were no significant differences in the patient’s age, gender and pre‐operative grading of SAH with the Hunt and Hess grading scale, the mortality rate in HD patients was significantly higher than that in non‐HD patients (50% [4/8] vs 13% [32/245]; P < 0.01). It was concluded that the outcome of aneurysmal SAH in HD patients was extremely poor. The explanation for the worse prognosis in HD patients seems not to lie in systemic heparization but in a vulnerability to SAH, because SAH in all HD patients occurred after anticoagulant activity from the previous dialysis had already disappeared.
Lipid hydroperoxides: Elevated levels in patients on haemodialysis and patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Mondorf UF , Schmidt R , Siegers J , Gross W , Geiger H , Scheuermann EH 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Patients with renal disease often develop accelerated atherosclerosis resulting in more frequent cardiovascular complications compared to the general population. It has been suggested that peroxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC‐OOH) content of LDL in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and patients on haemodialysis (HD). Plasma was obtained from healthy volunteers (n = 20; age 45.8 ± 16.9 years), CRF patients (n = 23; age 49.4 ± 18.1 years) and patients on HD (n = 19; age 59.1 ± 10.3 years). The lipid profile was studied in all patients. The LDL was isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation. The oxidized PC‐OOH content of LDL was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection (HPLC‐CL). Compared to the controls, patients with proteinuria had significantly higher plasma concentrations for total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol and apoB, whereas patients on HD had significantly higher levels of triglycerides and reduced HDL and apoA1 plasma concentrations. Significantly elevated levels of PC‐OOH were found in HD patients (22.56 ± 13.40 pmol/mg LDL‐cholesterol) and CRF patients (13.12 ± 15.15 pmol/mg LDL‐cholesterol) compared to the controls (0.56 ± 0.38 pmol/mg LDL‐cholesterol; P < 0.001). In HD patients the PC‐OOH concentration was higher compared to CRF patients (P < 0.05). It was concluded that lipid hydroperoxides increase in renal disease and in patients on HD. These elevated lipid hydroperoxides may contribute to the increased risk for atherosclerosis in these patients.
Does an endoluminal catheter brush improve flows or unblock haemodialysis catheters?
Authors: Archis CA , Blacka J , Brown MA 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Endoluminal brushing, used to declot various types of central venous access lines, was undertaken in 19 haemodialysis catheters (vascaths) that were either totally occluded or produced flows inadequate for successful dialysis. Six (32%) were able to be used successfully immediately after the procedure, two after intracatheter urokinase following brushing and in a further three catheter patency was restored by rebrushing. Endoluminal brushing, with or without additional urokinase, restored patency in 42% of these catheters and dialysis was still successful in this group after 2 weeks. Endoluminal brushing did not change oxygen saturation, pulse rate, blood pressure or temperature in these patients and there were no episodes of clinical pulmonary embolism or sepsis. These findings suggest a role for endoluminal brushing in the early management of occluded haemodialysis catheters.
Hypertensive kidney disease in African Americans
Authors: Agodoa Lawrence 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:End‐stage renal disease is a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The magnitude and pattern of renal disease varies between countries. This variability could probably be explained by the racial and ethnic composition. The United States is a typical example, showing significant racial and ethnic differences in the magnitude and pattern of renal disease. African Americans, Native Americans and Pacific Islanders are disproportionately afflicted with end‐stage kidney failure (ESRD), compared with Caucasians and Asians. Whereas diabetes mellitus, primarily type 2, is the predominant cause of renal disease (and ESRD) in the US, and prominently in Native Americans, hypertensive kidney disease is the most prevalent cause of ESRD in African Americans. Some of the suggested reasons for the increased incidence and prevalence of hypertensive kidney disease in African Americans include the higher prevalence and severity of hypertension, especially in the early years of life, lower socio‐economic status leading to inadequate health care, a greater propensity towards developing intrinsic renal vascular disease, a greater tendency towards developing target organ damage at ‘normal’ blood pressure levels, and the use of drugs that are less renoprotective to treat their blood pressure.
RACTK1: a putative inward rectifier potassium channel of the distal nephron. Investigation in Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Bhandari Sunil , Hunter Malcolm 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:To date, cloning and examination of the functional properties of RACTK1, a K+ channel present in the distal nephron, have been performed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, but not using the oocyte expression system. We examined the expression and cytological localization of RACTK1 protein in Xenopus oocytes. In vitro transcribed cRNA of ROMK1, RACTK1, streptavidin‐tagged constructs of RACTK1 and ROMK1, alone or in concert, were injected into oocytes. Protein expression was evaluated by two‐electrode voltage clamp, followed by immunocytochemistry. ROMK1 and co‐injected oocytes (tagged and untagged) exhibited barium‐sensitive K+ conductances significantly greater than both RACTK1 (tagged and untagged) and water‐injected oocytes. Water‐injected oocytes failed to demonstrate protein expression. Expression of membrane protein was evident in ROMK1‐injected and RACTK1/ROMK1 co‐injected oocytes, but not in RACTK1‐injected oocytes. RACTK1 does not produce an extracellular membrane protein in oocytes. Therefore, this system is not suitable for further study or verification of the properties of RACTK1.
Toward evidence‐based policy decisions: a case study of nursing health human resources in Ontario, Canada
Authors: O’Brien‐Pallas Linda , Baumann Andrea 
Published: March 2003

Toward evidence‐based policy decisions: a case study of nursing health human resources in Ontario, CanadaThis paper reflects how health services research ‘evidence’ was used to influence decisions in the province of Ontario, Canada. The process involved interaction among a variety of stakeholders and decision‐makers with researchers to reduce uncertainty and to substantiate emerging service provision issues in the province. The issues presented here focus specifically on an analysis of the nursing situation completed in 1998 for the Minister of Health’s Nursing Task Force, which examined key issues in service delivery. The issues were: restructured work environments; nurse supply and declining enrollments; labour trends and utilization of the nursing workforce; patient acuity and complexity of work environments and the influence on workload; and the paucity of reliable and valid data bases for analysis of nursing’s contribution to the health system. Ontarians can be confident that the Task Force recommendations were born from solid research‐based evidence and now the challenge becomes to monitor the implementation of these resolutions over time.
Gender, ‘race’, poverty, health and discourses of health reform in the context of globalization: a postcolonial feminist perspective in policy research
Authors: Anderson Joan M. 
Published: March 2003

Gender, ‘race’, poverty, health and discourses of health reform in the context of globalization: a postcolonial feminist perspective in policy researchIn this paper, I draw on extant literature and my empirical work to discuss the impact of globalization and healthcare reform on the lives of women — those from countries of the South as well as of the North. First, I review briefly the economic hardships identified in different sectors of the population that have been attributed to how globalization is now working. Second, I examine what these global processes mean for health, with particular focus on poverty, gender, racialization and health. Third, I reflect on how nurse scientists might develop research agendas in the 21st century that would foster social transformation and social justice for all people. The position taken here is not an indictment of globalization. Rather, I argue that globalization is a fact in all of our lives. There are positive aspects of globalization. There are also negative aspects which we must collectively address, given that the issues identified can have deleterious consequences for the world’s poor, women in particular. I suggest that, to construct knowledge for practice and praxis, research agendas of the future should be inclusive of subaltern voices. I argue that drawing on a postcolonial feminist epistemology might help us to define such agendas, and express the multilayered sociopolitical contexts of health and illness in advocacy with policy‐makers.
The implications of healthcare reforms for the profession of nursing
Authors: Dingwall Robert , Allen Davina 
Published: March 2003

The implications of healthcare reforms for the profession of nursingThis paper offers a wide‐ranging analysis of concerns that the value of emotion work within nursing is being eroded. We examine the occupation’s historical development to argue that, in so far as emotion work has any essence within nursing, it is as an occupational myth which has been deployed to legitimate nurses’ jurisdictional claims. We argue that recent developments in health‐care raise questions about the benefits of claims of this kind and suggest that a little more realism about the nature of nursing work might make for a more sustainable professional future.
Digital psychiatry
Authors: Tang Siu , Helmeste Daiga 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe American managed care movement has been viewed as a big experiment and is being watched closely by the rest of the world. In the meanwhile, computer‐based information technology (IT) is changing the practice of medicine, much more rapidly than managed care. A New World of digitized knowledge and information has been created. Although literature on IT in psychiatry is largely absent in peer‐reviewed psychiatric journals, IT is finding its way into all aspects of medicine, particularly psychiatry. Telepsychiatry programs are becoming very popular. At the same time, medical information sites are flourishing and evolving into a new health‐care industry. Patient–physician information asymmetry is decreasing as patients are gaining easy access to medical information hitherto only available to professionals. Thus, psychiatry is facing another paradigm shift, at a time when most attention has been focused on managed care. In this new digital world, knowledge and information are no longer the sole property of professionals. Value will migrate from traditional in‐person office‐based therapy to digital clinical products, from in‐person library search and classroom didactic instruction to interactive on‐line searches and distance learning. In this time of value migration, psychiatrists have to determine what their ‘distinctive competence’ is and where best to add value in the health‐care delivery value chain. The authors assess the impact of IT on clinical psychiatry and review how clinical practice, education and research in psychiatry are expected to change in this emerging digital world.
Survey of sleep‐health and lifestyle of the elderly in Okinawa
Authors: Uezu Eiko , Taira Kazuhiko , Tanaka Hideki , Arakawa Masashi , Urasakii Chisae , Toguchi Hiroki , Yamamoto Yukari , Hamakawa Eri , Shirakawa Shuichiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of 788 people (aged from 60 to 93 years) living in the Okinawa prefecture, renowned for the long life expectancy of its citizens, were randomly chosen as subjects. A questionnaire based on lifestyle and sleep‐health was distributed. Following this, subjects were chosen in groups of nine from the good sleep‐health group and then from the poor sleep‐health group based on the results of the survey; their physical activities were then recorded using actigraphs for 1 week. This study suggested that lifestyle, such as exercise, walking and short naps, occupies an important position in the maintenance and improvement of sleep‐health. It also verified the reliability of the sleep‐health risk index and the questionnaire.
Clinical significance of negative esophageal pressure in sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Higami Shigeru , Inoue Yuichi , Takeuchi Hiromi , Ikoma Hisaaki , Kanba Masayuki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe authors investigated the relationship between esophageal pressure fluctuation (DPes) during sleep and the following parameters: respiratory disorder variables and daytime sleepiness manifested as the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). In the younger patient group under 60 years of age (n = 33), DPes was correlative to both the apnea‐hypopnea index and ESS. However, in the elderly group of 60 years and over (n = 16), the variables showed smaller values than did those in the younger group. These results suggest that DPes may be associated with the aggravating process of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in the younger patient.
Narcolepsy and other non‐SAS hypersomnia in sleep breathing disorders clinic
Authors: Banno Katsuhisa , Shiomi Toshiaki , Sasanabe Ryujiro , Hasegawa Rika , Otake Kazuo , Yamakawa Hiroki , Kobayashi Tadashi , Horiba Kiyoshi , Nishino Seiji 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFour of the 708 snorers (0.56%), referred to our sleep breathing disorders clinic for the past 2 years were diagnosed as having narcolepsy‐cataplexy. Detecting HLA DRB1*1501/DQB1*0602 positive was informative for differentiating genuine narcolepsy from non‐sleep apnea syndrome (non‐SAS) hypersomnia in our clinic. A non‐SAS obese boy, diagnosed as having essential hypersomnia syndrome, was found to be HLA DRB1*1502/DQB1*0601 positive. His hypocretin concentration was 206 pg/mL in the cerebrospinal fluid.
IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN DCIS RECURRENCE
Authors: E Provenzano , A Kavanagh , G Marr , G Giles , D Venter , J Armes 
Published: March 2003

Background: DCIS represents preinvasive malignant change. With screening mammography DCIS has become a common entity. Its natural history is poorly understood and treatment remains controversial. Using a retrospective population based cohort, we have identified histological and molecular variables predictive of recurrence.Methods: All cases of DCIS reported in Victoria between 1988 and 1992 were entered into the Victorian Cancer Registry. In Situ and Small Cancer Register (ISSIBCR) and followed up annually regarding treatment, the event of recurrence and its nature and location. From this register a cohort of 66 DCIS lesions with subsequent recurrence as in situ or invasive disease were studied histologically, immunohistochemically and with CGH‐based genetic analyses comparing them to a nested randomized control group of DCIS without recurrence matched for patient age and year of diagnosis. Recurrences have been analysed by the same techniques to compare them to the primary lesion.Results: 13 histological features were evaluated and lesion size, nuclear pleomorphism, cellular polarity, micropapillary architecture and central necrosis were all significant predictors of recurrence (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed p21 overexpression, bcl2 negativity and ERBB2 positivity to be markers of recurrence. In the case of ERBB2, positivity was a predictor of recurrence even when its overexpression was focal. Primary and recurrent DCIS lesions had similar morphological appearances, and grade of primary DCIS correlated with grade of subsequent invasive cancer. This morphological similarity was paralleled by similar protein expression and genomic changes in both in situ and invasive recurrences.Conclusion: We have identified histological and immunohistochemical markers of recurrence in DCIS, and shown similarities in morphology, protein expression and genetic changes between primary DCIS and its recurrence.
CORE IMPRINT CYTOLOGY: A USEFUL METHOD FOR SAME‐DAY REPORTING
Authors: FA Frost , GF Sterrett , D Whitaker , WB DeBoer , A Segal 
Published: March 2003

INTRODUCTION: Core biopsy of the breast has become the method of choice for tissue diagnosis of screen detected microcalcifications and some mass lesions in many breast assessment centres. Biopsy results are not available until the following day. Imprint cytology of fresh breast core samples allows same‐day reporting and patient counselling.AIM: To determine the accuracy of core imprint cytology when compared with core biopsy diagnosis when used in a breast assessment centre setting.METHODS: Core imprints (CI) were prepared and reported on all fresh core biopsies (CB) performed at the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Breast Centre from May to December 2000. Fresh core samples were placed on a glass microscope slide. Core radiographs were taken for microcalcification lesions (MC). A laboratory technician gently and quickly rolled the cores on the slide with fine forceps. The cores were fixed in formalin, processed and reported next day. The imprint slide was air dried and stained with DiffQuik. CI were reported using four categories: Insufficient, Benign, Indeterminate and Malignant. Counselling and planning for management were possible on the same day in women with malignant diagnoses. Clinicians were advised not to discuss negative or indeterminate CI results with women and to defer to the final CB report.RESULTS: Cores were performed on 381 lesions. There were 83 carcinomas (38 in MC and 45 in masses) and 56 were called malignant on CI (absolute sensitivity 67.5%; 78.9% for MC and 57.8% for masses). 3 malignancies on CB were negative on CI giving a false negative rate of 3.6%. There were no false positive diagnoses. The predictive value of a benign diagnosis was 95.3%. There were no adverse effects in the histology of CB.CONCLUSION: CI was an accurate method of providing an immediate diagnosis of malignancy in two thirds of malignancies confirmed on CB.
Screening of epiphytic dinoflagellates for radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Nakagawa Hidenori , Murata Michio , Tachibana Kazuo , Shiba Tadayoshi 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYIn the search for antioxidant substances/radical scavengers and cytotoxic substances, extracts from four species (10 strains) of epiphytic dinoflagellates in laboratory cultures were subjected to screening for production of bioactive metabolites. Assays for antioxi‐dants were performed using microsomal lipids prepared from rat livers, which were oxidized with Fe3+‐nitrilotriacetic acid complex (Fe3+‐NTA). Generated lipid peroxides were determined using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetric method. Screening tests for cytotoxic activity were carried out using P388 leukemic cells of which the survival ratio was assessed using the tetrazolium salt (MTT) method. Extracts from two strains (Gymnodinium sp. and Gambierdiscus toxicus) and those from five strains (two of G. toxicus, two of Coolia monotis, and one of Prorocentrum sp.) were found to contain active constituents for antioxidant activity and for cytotoxic activity, respectively.
Is it possible to detect ulcerative colitis‐related respiratory syndrome early?
Authors: KARADAG FISUN , ÖZHAN MUSTAFA HIKMET , AKÇIÇEK EREN , GÜNEL ÖZDEN , ALPER HÜDAVER , VERAL ALI 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Obstructive airway disease, bronchiectasis, non‐specific parenchymal infiltration and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia are seen occasionally in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In the present study, we evaluated ulcerative colitis (UC) patients for latent pulmonary involvement.Methods: Fifteen patients (nine females, six males, mean age 44 years) were admitted into the study. All patients were free of respiratory symptoms. Ulcerative colitis was active in nine patients and all patients were using anti‐inflammatory treatment. Pulmonary function tests (PFT), high resolution computed tomography of thorax (HRCT) and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBLB) were carried out in all subjects.Results: Mild airways obstruction was found in 1 of 13 patients. High resolution CT was
abnormal in 4 of 15 patients. Ground glass appearance suggestive of an interstitial
lung disease was present in three patients. Radiolucency and pneumocysts were present
in the fourth patient suggesting obstructive small airway disease. High resolution
CT findings correlated with disease activity (P < 0.05). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 10 patients. A mixed type alveolitis was detected in BAL fluid in five patients. In eight patients, TBLB showed alveolar septal thickening by connective tissue, lymphocytic accumulation in the septal area and minimal septal fibrosis, suggesting subclinical pulmonary parenchymal involvement linked to UC.Conclusions: Our data suggest that latent interstitial pulmonary involvement may occur during the course of UC, despite an absence of symptoms of lung disease.
Interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α increase microvascular leakage in the guinea pig trachea
Authors: REYNOLDS ANN M. , HOLMES MARK D. , SCICCHITANO RAFFAELE 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Airway microvascular leakage is considered to be an important component of airway inflammation in asthma. In the present study we examined the effect of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) on airway microvascular leakage in vivo.Methodology: Tracheal Evans blue extravasation was examined in an isolated tracheal segment, in anaesthetized mechanically ventilated guinea pigs. Baseline tracheal microvascular leakage was measured in five animals. As a control group for aerosol challenge, the isolated tracheal segment (n = 5) underwent saline aerosol challenge. To test whether a combination of IL‐1β (10 ng/mL) and TNFα (100 ng/mL) induced Evans blue extravasation, the trachea was exposed to an aerosol of these cytokines (n = 5). As a positive control the tracheal segment was challenged with histamine aerosol (5 × 10–2 mol) (n = 3). All aerosol challenges were for 1 min.Results: TNFα and IL‐1β aerosol challenge significantly increased Evans blue extravasation (28.9 ± 1.6 μg/g wet tissue, mean ± SE) compared to saline challenge (13.8 ± 3.0 μg/g; P < 0.05). Tracheal dye extravasation without aerosol challenge, was not significantly different from saline‐challenged animals (17.5 ± 2.9 and 13.8 ± 3.0 μg/g, respectively). Histamine significantly increased Evans blue extravasation (50.1 ± 4.8 μg/g; P < 0.05) compared to saline challenge.Conclusion: Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL‐1β are able to induce significant microvascular leakage in the guinea pig trachea.