bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An open‐label pilot study of pentostatin, mitoxantrone, and rituximab in patients with previously untreated, Stage III or IV, low‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Di Bella Nicholas , Reynolds Craig , Faragher David , Muscato Joseph , Boehm Kristi A. , Asmar Lina 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn a previous study, the authors demonstrated that the combination of pentostatin (P) and rituximab (R) was well tolerated and was active in patients with low‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In the current study, mitoxantrone (M) was added to P + R to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of this three‐drug combination (PMR).METHODSTwenty‐four previously untreated patients with histologically proven, Stage III or IV, low‐grade NHL were registered between April and September, 2002. Patients received P (4 mg/m2), M (10 mg/m2), and R (375 mg/m2) every 28 days (M on Day 1; P and R on Days 1 and 8; in Cycle 1, R was given on Day 8 only). Eighty‐three percent of patients had Stage IV disease, the median patient age was 62 years (range, 4–81 years), and the performance status was 0–2.RESULTSResponses included 9 patients who achieved complete remission (CR) (38%), 3 patients with unconfirmed CR (CRu) (12%), 8 patients who achieved partial remission (33%), and 4 patients who achieved stable disease (17%); the overall response rate (CR + CRu + PR) was 83%. PMR appeared to result in comparable activity in all histologies. The median response duration was 10.0 months (range, 3.5–15.1 months). Patients received a median of 5 cycles (range, 1–10 cycles). Eighteen patients (75%) required dose reduction or delay due to toxicity, mainly neutropenia (the administration of growth factors was not permitted). Three patients died (two patients died of disease progression, and one patient died from unrelated cardiopulmonary arrest). Grade ≥ 3 drug‐related toxicities included neutropenia (67%), leukopenia and febrile neutropenia (17% each), and sepsis (8%), and 38% of neutropenic episodes occurred in Cycles 1 and 2.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, PMR was active and well‐tolerated in patients with low‐grade NHL, and the combination is deserving of further study. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Noninvasive assessment of tumor vascularity by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and the prognosis of patients with nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Masaki Takahiro , Ohkawa Shinichi , Amano Ayumi , Ueno Makoto , Miyakawa Kaoru , Tarao Kazuo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies have shown that angiogenesis is one of the factors that influences the prognosis of patients with solid tumors, including pancreatic carcinomas. However, none have assessed noninvasively the relation between angiogenesis and prognosis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (US) not only is a convenient, harmless, and noninvasive imaging modality, but it also provides detailed information on tumor vascularity. The objectives of this study were to assess the vascularity of pancreatic carcinoma noninvasively by contrast‐enhanced US and to clarify the prognostic value of tumor vascularity in patients with nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma.METHODSThirty‐five consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed, nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma were examined with contrast‐enhanced US before systemic chemotherapy. The correlations among tumor vascularity, clinicopathologic factors, and clinical outcomes then were analyzed statistically to investigate prognostic indicators.RESULTSThe median time to progression (TTP) was longer in patients who had avascular tumors compared with patients who had vascular tumors (110 days vs. 28 days, respectively; P = 0.0072; log‐rank test). The median survival also was longer in patients who had avascular tumors (267 days vs. 115 days, respectively; P = 0.0034; log‐rank test). A multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model revealed that tumor vascularity was a significant, independent factor that influenced TTP (P < 0.001) and survival (P = 0.022) along with primary tumor size and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, which are well known as prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicated that contrast‐enhanced US may be useful in assessing the prognosis of patients with nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma who receive systemic chemotherapy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term outcomes for patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma treated by laparoscopic microwave coagulation
Authors: Kawamoto Chiaki , Ido Kenichi , Isoda Norio , Hozumi Masanori , Nagamine Nobuhiko , Ono Kazunori , Sato Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Yuko , Nagae Genta , Sugano Kentaro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough many reports on the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by microwave coagulation have been published recently, none have incorporated data for the long‐term therapeutic efficacy of laparoscopic microwave coagulation (LMC). In the current study, the efficacy of LMC was assessed.METHODSThe authors performed LMC under local anesthesia in 69 previously untreated patients with solitary HCCs ≤ 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. The maximum diameter for the tumors averaged 22.6 ± 7.4 mm. Long‐time survival rate was evaluated according to the size and histologic grade of the tumor.RESULTSThe 5‐year overall cumulative survival rate for the 69 patients was 63.9%. The 5‐year overall survival rate for patients with well differentiated HCC was 78.9%, whereas patients with moderately or poorly differentiated HCC had a 5‐year overall survival rate of 38.9%. The 5‐year cumulative survival rate for patients with HCCs ≤ 2.0 cm in diameter was 76.0%, and 56.3% for patients with HCCs > 2.0 cm. Twelve patients (17.4%) showed local tumor recurrence during the follow‐up period. Local tumor recurrence was observed in 6 of 21 patients with moderately or poorly differentiated HCCs (28.6%) and in 6 of 40 patients with well differentiated HCCs (15.0%). The 3‐year cancer‐free survival rate for patients with well differentiated HCC was 44.4%, whereas it was 12.2% for patients with moderately or poorly differentiated HCC.CONCLUSIONSA major factor that influenced outcome in LMC was tumor cell differentiation. LMC procedures were best suited for treatment of well differentiated HCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Target‐determined expression of α3 isoform of the Na+,K+‐ATPase in the somatic nervous system of rat
Authors: Romanovsky Dmitry , Light Kim E. , Walker James , Dobretsov Maxim 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFactors that determine the differential expression of isoforms of Na+,K+‐ATPase in the nervous system of vertebrates are not understood. To address this question we studied the expression of α3 Na+,K+‐ATPase in the L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of developing rat, the normal adult rat, and the adult rat after peripheral axotomy. During development, the first α3 Na+,K+‐ATPase‐positive DRG neurons appear by embryonic day 21. At birth, the L5 DRG have a full complement (14 ± 2%) of these neurons. By 15 days after sciatic nerve transection in adult rat, the number of α3 Na+,K+‐ATPase‐positive DRG neurons and small myelinated L5 ventral root axons decreases to about 35% of control counts. These results combined with data from the literature suggest that the expression of α3 Na+,K+‐ATPase by rat somatic neurons is determined by target‐muscle spindle‐derived factors. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:114–123, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium‐binding proteins define interneurons in HVC of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Wild J. Martin , Williams Matthew N. , Howie Graham J. , Mooney Richard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNucleus HVC of the avian song system is essential to song patterning and is a prime site for auditory–vocal integration important to vocal learning. These processes require precise, high‐frequency action potential activity, which, in other systems, is often correlated with the expression of calcium‐binding proteins. To characterize any such functional specializations in HVC, we retrogradely labeled projection neurons innervating HVC's known targets, namely, area X or nucleus robustus arcopallialis (RA), then stained HVC sections with antibodies to the calcium‐binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin. Under epifluorescent illumination, neither projection neuron type exhibited detectable levels of calcium‐binding protein immunoreactivity, whereas a third cell type, made up of nonprojection neurons (interneurons), was immunopositive for one, two, or all three of the calcium‐binding proteins. In fact, most of these interneurons were either doubly or triply labeled. To explore the link between the electrical and calcium‐binding protein properties of individual HVC neurons, we used intracellular methods in brain slices to record from identified HVC cell types based on their intrinsic electrical properties. Intracellular neurobiotin combined with immunostaining revealed that fast‐spiking interneurons, but not the slower‐spiking projection neurons, were positive for one or more calcium‐binding proteins. Confocal microscopy confirmed these results and also revealed that RA‐projecting cells might contain very low levels of parvalbumin. These results indicate that HVC interneurons are specialized in their calcium‐binding proteins and suggest how it might be possible to resolve the details of HVC microcircuits underlying song selectivity and auditory–vocal learning. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:76–90, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical identification of cell types in the mormyrid electrosensory lobe
Authors: Bell Curtis C. , Meek Johannes , Yang Jianji Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe electrosensory lobes (ELLs) of mormyrid and gymnotid fish are useful sites for studying plasticity and descending control of sensory processing. This study used immunocytochemistry to examine the functional circuitry of the mormyrid ELL. We used antibodies against the following proteins and amino acids: the neurotransmitters glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA); the GABA‐synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD); GABA transporter 1; the anchoring protein for GABA and glycine receptors, gephyrin; the calcium binding proteins calbindin and calretinin; the NR1 subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate glutamate receptor; the metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1α, mGluR2/3, and mGluR5; and the intracellular signaling molecules calcineurin, calcium calmodulin kinase IIα (CAMKIIα) and the receptor for inositol triphosphate (IP3R1α). Selective staining allowed for identification of new cell types including a deep granular layer cell that relays sensory information from primary afferent fibers to higher order cells of ELLS. Selective staining also allowed for estimates of relative numbers of different cell types. Dendritic staining of Purkinje‐like medium ganglion cells with antibodies against metabotropic glutamate receptors and calcineurin suggests hypotheses concerning mechanisms of the previously demonstrated synaptic plasticity in these cells. Finally, several cell types including the above‐mentioned granular cells, thick‐smooth dendrite cells, and large multipolar cells of the intermediate layer were present in the two zones of ELL that receive input from mormyromast electroreceptors but were absent in the zone of ELL that receives input from ampullary electroreceptors, indicating markedly different processing for these two types of input. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:124–142, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of projection‐specific interneurons and projection neurons in the embryonic mouse and rat spinal cord
Authors: Nissen Ulla Vig , Mochida Hiraku , Glover Joel C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInterneurons and projection neurons in the lumbar spinal cord of mouse and rat embryos were labeled retrogradely with fluorescent dextran amines from a distance of one segment from the segment of origin [lumbar segment (L) 2]. Six classes with specific axonal projections (ipsilateral ascending, descending, and bifurcating, and commissural ascending, descending, and bifurcating) were identified by differential labeling in both species and followed from embryonic day (E)12 to birth in the mouse. Neurons with shorter projections (intrasegmental interneurons) were not studied. We show that the four nonbifurcating neuron classes occupy characteristic, partially overlapping domains in the transverse plane, indicating a systematic pattern of migration and settlement related to axon trajectories. The number of neurons in each of the nonbifurcating classes increased steadily during development. Bifurcating neurons represented a minor fraction of the total throughout development and had relatively scattered positions within the ipsilateral and commissural neuron domains. Combination of retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry for the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed that none of the spinal neurons in the six projection‐specific classes was GABA positive, suggesting that all GABA‐positive spinal neurons, including previously described GABA‐positive commissural neurons, are unlikely to have projections exceeding one or two segments in either direction. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:30–47, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new 3‐node triangular flat shell element
Authors: Kim J. G. , Lee J. K. , Park Y. K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to propose a new 3‐node triangular flat shell element with 18 degrees of freedom. The element is constructed by superimposing the local membrane formulation due to Bergan and Felippa with the well‐known DKT bending formulation due to Batoz. The numerical performance of the present element has been compared with several reported 18 degrees‐of‐freedom triangular shell elements in a number of benchmark test problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive ICT procedure for non‐linear seepage flows with free surface in porous media
Authors: Sharif N. H. , Wiberg N.‐E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper focuses on adaptive finite element (FE)‐methods for computation of the motion of viscous fluid interfaces fundamentally encountered in multiphase flow problems in porous media. An interface capturing technique (ICT)‐procedure is formulated with a stabilized finite element scheme in a Eulerian framework to solve the two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equation in porous media. Global mesh refinements of the discretized domain and local mesh refinements in the vicinity of the interface are used for the spatial discretization. The ICT is embedded into the finite element scheme by adding an extra advection equation and an additional unbounded degree of freedom to the number of the unknowns. Problems of non‐linear free surface seepage flow in earth‐fill dams are simulated in order to validate the performance of the FE‐ICT. Computations for steady non‐linear seepage flows in 2D and 3D are obtained for homogenous, isotropic and isothermal porous media. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical solution for the equation of the lifting surface in ground effects
Authors: Dragoş Lazăr , Carabineanu Adrian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractUsing the Gauss‐type quadrature formulas one discretizes the 2d integral equation of the lifting surface in ground effects. Numerical calculations of the aerodynamical coefficients are performed for the elliptical and rectangular wings. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple device to improve the accuracy of evaluating weakly singular boundary element integrals
Authors: Johnston Peter R. , Johnston Barbara M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe question of the accurate numerical evaluation of weakly singular integrals arising in the boundary element method has attracted considerable recent attention. A popular method is to use a non‐linear transformation with zero derivative at the singular point to adjust the position of the Gauss–Legendre quadrature points, resulting in a more accurate evaluation of the integral. This paper presents a simple algebraic device to overcome a numerical round‐off problem which has limited previous implementations of non‐linear transformations. Utilization of this device allows higher orders of transformation to be used, resulting in lower relative errors in the numerical evaluation of the weakly singular integrals. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An hp‐adaptive strategy in a Petrov–Galerkin method for convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Almeida R. C. , Silva R. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this work, a stable Petrov–Galerkin formulation is combined with an hp‐adaptive refinement strategy. The stability engendered by this formulation allows the use of high interpolation element order in regions with steep gradients. The new hp‐adaptive strategy, originally proposed for elliptic problems, simultaneously computes the new mesh parameters (element length and element interpolation order) and works fine for hyperbolic problems, yielding promising computational savings. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexing the Tet
Authors: Carey Graham F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMotivated by the need for fast robust generation of unstructured grids comprised entirely of hexahedral cells, we approach the issue via an intermediate tetrahedral discretization. This is then followed by subdivision of the tetrahedra into hexahedra and in this note we focus on the geometric construction, properties and limitations of a ‘best subdivision’ to ‘Hex the Tet’. Related issues include the appropriate choice of edge, face and interior points, convexity of the resulting face quadrilaterals and associated hexahedra for all tetrahedra shapes and validity and shape quality of the final hexahedra. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent fundamental solution generated by a not impulsive source in the boundary element method analysis of the 2D scalar wave equation
Authors: Carrer J. A. M. , Mansur W. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis work describes a time‐domain 2‐D BEM formulation, which employs the fundamental solution corresponding to a time constant concentrated source. All steps concerning the development of the fundamental solution are presented in details. The numerical solution procedure employs linear boundary elements and linear triangular cells, respectively, for the boundary and domain discretizations. The potential and its normal derivative are assumed to have linear variation in time and space, and, as usual in BEM time‐dependent formulations, the time integration is carried out analytically. Another aspect to be mentioned is related to the time‐stepping procedure: here, the so‐called linear θ‐method is adopted and the answer at the time tn+1 is computed from the response at the time tn+θ. In order to assess the accuracy of the formulation, two numerical examples are analysed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The solution of Laplacian problems over L‐shaped domains with a singular function boundary integral method
Authors: Elliotis Miltiades , Georgiou Georgios , Xenophontos Christos 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe singular function boundary integral method is applied for the solution of a Laplace equation problem over an L‐shaped domain. The solution is approximated by the leading terms of the local asymptotic solution expansion, while the Dirichlet boundary conditions are weakly enforced by means of Lagrange multipliers. Estimates of great accuracy are obtained for the leading singular coefficients, as well as for the Lagrange multipliers. Comparisons are made with recent numerical results in the literature. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilized pseudo‐shell approach for surface parametrization in CFD design problems
Authors: Soto O. , Löhner R. , Yang C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA surface representation for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) shape design problems is presented. The surface representation is based on the solution of a simplified pseudo‐shell problem on the surface to be optimized. A stabilized finite element formulation is used to perform this step. The methodology has the advantage of being completely independent of the CAD representation. Moreover, the user does not have to predefine any set of shape functions to parameterize the surface. The scheme uses a reasonable discretization of the surface to automatically build the shape deformation modes, by using the pseudo‐shell approach and the design parameter positions. Almost every point of the surface grid can be chosen as design parameter, which leads to a very rich design space. Most of the design variables are chosen in an automatic way, which makes the scheme easy to use. Furthermore, the surface grid is not distorted through the design cycles which avoids remeshing procedures. An example is presented to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of two‐dimensional transient water driven non‐Newtonian fluid flow in porous media
Authors: Zhu Zuojin , Wu Qingsong , Gao Chunfu , Du Xiuyi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNumerical simulation of two‐dimensional transient water driven non‐Newtonian fluid flow in porous media has been performed. The hyperbolic non‐Newtonian fluid model was used to describe the characteristics of non‐Newtonian fluid flow. Governing equations were first approximated by implicit finite difference, and then solved by a stabilized bi‐conjugate gradient (Bi‐CGSTAB) approach. A comparison of the numerical results for the case of water driven Newtonian fluid was made to validate the numerical method. For water driven Newtonian fluid flow, it was found that the numerical results are satisfactorily consistent with those obtained by commercial software VIP which is the abbreviation of vector implicit procedure for numerical simulation of Newtonian fluid flow in porous media. The maximum deviation for average pressure is less than 1.5 per cent; the distribution of water saturation is almost the same as that obtained by VIP. For water driven non‐Newtonian fluid flow in porous media, it was found that the factor of pressure gradient of the non‐Newtonian fluid has significant effects on the process of oil recovery. The correction of numerical simulation based on the global mass balance plays an important role in oil reservoir simulation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New special wave boundary elements for short wave problems
Authors: Perrey‐Debain Emmanuel , Trevelyan Jon , Bettess Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe theory of special boundary elements which incorporate wave shapes into the element shape functions is described. The new boundary elements are applied to the classical problem of plane waves scattered by a circular cylinder. The new boundary elements demonstrate reduced errors, for a given number of degrees of freedom, of three to five orders of magnitude. No difficulties were encountered in the implementation of the new elements. It is concluded that this is a powerful new method for scattering of short waves. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solving non‐linear problems by complex time step methods
Authors: Fung T. C. , Chow S. K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecently, a new type of time step integration algorithms using complex time steps has been proposed. For linear problems, the algorithms are higher order accurate, unconditionally stable and have directly controllable numerical dissipation. Solutions with high accuracy can be generated using large time steps. In this paper, the algorithms are extended to solve non‐linear problems. The pseudo‐force approach is adopted in treating the non‐linear terms. To maintain the solutions accuracy, the pseudo‐force is reconstructed by interpolation. Special treatments are required to compute the excitation at the complex time steps. Several numerical examples are analysed. It is observed that the complex time step method can be computationally more efficient than the Newmark method when very accurate numerical solutions are required. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.