bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of acute respiratory distress syndrome on outcome in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Tariparast Pischtaz Adel , Roedl Kevin , Horvatits Thomas , Drolz Andreas , Kluge Stefan , Fuhrmann Valentin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigated the occurrence and outcome of respiratory failure and ARDS in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis. This is a retrospective analysis of patients with liver cirrhosis at an ICU during an 8-Year period. An assessment of acute on chronic liver failure as well as the presence and grade of ARDS within the first 72 h of admission to the ICU was performed. A total of 735 patients during the study period. Median age was 58 (50–69) years and 61% (n = 447) were male. 57% (n = 421) of the patients received mechanical ventilation (MV). Liver specific as well as ICU scores on admission were significantly higher in patients with MV. Necessity of vasopressor support (86%vs.25%, p < 0.001) and RRT (50%vs.11%, p < 0.001) was more frequent in patients with MV. The incidence of ARDS within the first 72 h of admission was 8% (n = 61). We observed a 28-day mortality or liver transplantation rate of 54% (n = 196) and 66% (n = 66%) in patients with MV and ARDS, respectively. After 90-days 63% (n = 226) with MV and 70% (n = 43) with ARDS were dead or received liver transplantation. ARDS is a prognostic factor for mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to the ICU. One out of ten critically ill cirrhotic patients develop ARDS within 72 h after admission. Although mortality rates are high initially critical care therapy should not be withheld and must be reevaluated regularly.
Environmental selection underlies distinct distribution patterns of closely related European evening primroses
Authors: Woźniak-Chodacka Monika , Kocurek Maciej , Pilarska Maria , Niewiadomska Ewa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding of species distribution is becoming a key concern in biogeography, ecology and evolution when to consider the ongoing climate change. This study investigates the distribution patterns of closely related Oenothera species focusing on their adaptations to environmental conditions through morphological traits and photosynthetic adjustments. We documented the three distinct distribution patterns in Europe among the studied species. Oenothera rubricaulis, found at higher latitudes, has the smallest flowers and the highest chlorophyll content, accompanied by anthocyanin accumulation, which maximizes light acquisition under low light conditions. Oenothera suaveolens, observed at lower latitudes, displays the largest flowers, a pure green phenotype, the highest stomatal conductance, and a light avoidance strategy, reflected by rapid photoinhibition and hyponasty. Oenothera biennis, with the widest distribution, exhibits an intermediate phenotype, suggesting high plasticity and adaptability of its photosynthetic apparatus. Given the close relationship of these species, our findings suggest that environmental selection following hybridization events has been crucial for their establishment in Europe.
Assessment of priorities, quality, and inclusivity of digital therapeutics trials in China
Authors: Wang Ziming , Xia Xinxin , Lu Weijia , Ye Yuguo , Xu Jin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Digital therapeutics (DTx) are software-driven solutions for prevention, treatment, and management of medical conditions. Despite a pro-DTx momentum in China, global DTx trial assessments overlooked the country. We identified 756 DTx trials in China and analyzed their characteristics and quality parameters. Over 70% were funded by governments, hospitals, and universities, with tertiary hospitals in eastern China leading most trials. 44.8% used automated DTx, with 39.2% DTx-guided. Most trials focused on management (52.5%) and treatment (38.1%), with few on prevention (9.4%). Mental, behavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders represented the leading condition category of focus. Recent declines in median sample size, median duration, and mean number of sites were noted. Only 18% of trials were at low overall risk of bias. While recognizing the rapid development of DTx trials in China, we call for better trial design and methodological rigor, prioritization of preventive and primary care, wider condition category scope, and higher inclusivity.
Multiple large language models versus experienced physicians in diagnosing challenging cases with gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Yang Xintian , Li Tongxin , Wang Han , Zhang Rongchun , Ni Zhi , Liu Na , Zhai Huihong , Zhao Jianghai , Meng Fandong , Zhou Zhongyin , Tang Shanhong , Wang Limei , Wang Xiangping , Luo Hui , Ren Gui , Zhang Linhui , Kang Xiaoyu , Wang Jun , Bo Ning , Yang Xiaoning , Xue Weijie , Zhang Xiaoyin , Chen Ning , Guo Rui , Li Baiwen , Li Yajun , Liu Yaling , Zhang Tiantian , Liang Shuhui , Lv Yong , Nie Yongzhan , Fan Daiming , Zhao Lina , Pan Yanglin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Faced with challenging cases, doctors are increasingly seeking diagnostic advice from large language models (LLMs). This study aims to compare the ability of LLMs and human physicians to diagnose challenging cases. An offline dataset of 67 challenging cases with primary gastrointestinal symptoms was used to solicit possible diagnoses from seven LLMs and 22 gastroenterologists. The diagnoses by Claude 3.5 Sonnet covered the highest proportion (95% confidence interval [CI]) of instructive diagnoses (76.1%, [70.6%–80.9%]), significantly surpassing all the gastroenterologists (p < 0.05 for all). Claude 3.5 Sonnet achieved a significantly higher coverage rate (95% CI) than that of the gastroenterologists using search engines or other traditional resource (76.1% [70.6%–80.9%] vs. 45.5% [40.7%-50.4%], p < 0.001). The study highlights that advanced LLMs may assist gastroenterologists with instructive, time-saving, and cost-effective diagnostic scopes in challenging cases.
Microbial metabolites tune amygdala neuronal hyperexcitability and anxiety-linked behaviors
Authors: Yu Weonjin , Xiao Yixin , Jayaraman Anusha , Yen Yi-Chun , Lee Hae Ung , Pettersson Sven , Je H Shawn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota composition have been linked to anxiety behavior in rodents. However, the underlying neural circuitry linking microbiota and their metabolites to anxiety behavior remains unknown. Using male C57BL/6J germ-free (GF) mice, not exposed to live microbes, increased anxiety-related behavior was observed correlating with a significant increase in the immediate early c-Fos gene in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). This phenomenon coincided with increased intrinsic excitability and spontaneous synaptic activity of BLA pyramidal neurons associated with reduced small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel currents. Importantly, colonizing GF mice to live microbes or the microbial-derived metabolite indoles reverted SK channel activities in BLA pyramidal neurons and reduced the anxiety behavioral phenotype. These results are consistent with a molecular mechanism by which microbes and or microbial-derived indoles, regulate functional changes in the BLA neurons. Moreover, this microbe metabolite regulation of anxiety links these results to ancient evolutionarily conserved defense mechanisms associated with anxiety-related behaviors in mammals.
Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rahul , Schultz Douglas H. , Wang Yingying , Natarajan Sathish Kumar , Barlow Steven M. , Dietsch Angela M. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Exercise-induced adaptations, including neuroplasticity, are well studied for physical exercise that targets skeletal muscles. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of targeted speech and swallowing exercises. The current study aimed to gather preliminary data on molecular and functional changes associated with the neuroplastic effects of 4-week expiratory musculature-targeted resistance training in healthy young adults.

Method:

Five healthy young adult men aged between 19 and 35 years,
M
(
SD
) = 28.8 (2.68) years, underwent 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). We measured changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels at baseline and posttraining conditions. Furthermore, functional and structural magnetic resonance images were obtained to investigate the neuroplastic effects of EMST. We analyzed the effects of training using a linear mixed model for each outcome, with fixed effects for baseline and posttraining.

Results:
MEP and serum BDNF levels significantly increased posttraining. However, this effect was not observed for IGF-1. A significant increase in functional activation in eight regions was also observed posttraining. However, we did not observe significant changes in the white matter microstructure.

Conclusions:
Preliminary data from our study suggest targeted resistance training of expiratory muscles results in molecular and neuroplastic adaptations similar to exercise that targets skeletal muscles. Additionally, these results suggest that EMST could be a potential intervention to modulate (or prime) neurotrophic signaling pathways linked to functional strength gains and neuroplasticity.
A research and enhancement strategy for detecting counterfeit medications utilizing blockchain technology
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Mehra Ritika , Sivaraman Himani , Garg Umang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe production, distribution of the counterfeit drugs are the major issue in today's world. These drugs create a big economic crunch in today's economic world. The major concern now days the counterfeit of drug is increasing day by day. Counterfeit refers to the fake medicine which is now increasing. In 2020 where all the countries are suffering from counterfeit of medicine. The article discusses about how the secure transaction of drug can be made to the all suppliers. Blockchain is a distributed technology where all the transaction made is transparent. All the transaction made in blockchain will be stored with all the network that relate to the blockchain network. Blockchain contain the concept of hash function. Hash function works like linked list it contains the address of previous node and the next node also. Hash function contain the hexadecimal value. With the implementation of blockchain technology and hyperledger framework it can be able to detect the counterfeit of drug in the early stage. If it is found in the early stage the supply of counterfeit of drug in the pharmaceutical industry like hospitals, pharmacy shops can be stopped. To make the supply of drug secure the hyperledger framework of blockchain is implemented.
TomoSAR 3D reconstruction: Cascading adversarial strategy with sparse observation trajectory
Authors: Zhu Xian , Zeng Xiaoqin , Cong Yuhua , Huang Yanhao , Zhu Ziyan , Luo Yantao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar tomography (TomoSAR) has shown significant potential for the 3D Reconstruction of buildings, especially in critical areas such as topographic mapping, urban planning, and disaster monitoring. In practical applications, the constraints of observation trajectories frequently lead to the acquisition of a limited dataset of sparse SAR images, presenting challenges for TomoSAR 3D Reconstruction and affecting its signal‐to‐noise ratio and elevation resolution performance. The study introduces a cascade adversarial strategy based on the Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN), optimised explicitly for sparse observation trajectories. In the preliminary phase of the CGAN, the U‐Net architecture was employed to capture more global information and enhance image detail recovery capability, which is subsequently utilised in the cascade refinement network. The ResNet34 residual network in the advanced network stage was adopted to bolster feature extraction and image generation capabilities further. Based on experimental validation performed on the curated TomoSAR 3D super‐resolution dataset tailored for buildings, the findings reveal that the methodology yields a notable enhancement in image quality and accuracy compared to other techniques.
The warm-hot intergalactic medium in inter-cluster filaments
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Xu Haiguang , Liu Ang , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Ji Li , Chang Jiang , Hu Dan , Werner Norbert , Zhang Zhongli , Cui Wei , Wu Xiangping 
Published: February 2025

Context. Cosmological simulations indicate that nearly half of the baryons in the nearby Universe are in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) phase, and about a half them reside in cosmic filaments connecting galaxy clusters. Recent observational studies using stacked survey data and deep exposures of galaxy cluster outskirts have detected soft X-ray excesses associated with optically identified filaments. However, the physical characteristics of WHIM in filaments remain largely undetermined due to a lack of direct spectral diagnostics of individual targets, which are limited by the spectral resolution of current instruments in the soft X-ray band.
Aims. We aim to select appropriate targets for WHIM characterization through pointing observations with the future Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) mission, which is designed with eV-level energy resolution in the 0.1–2.0 keV band and a one-square-degree field of view, thus complementing other planned microcalorimetry missions such as Athena.
Methods. We built a sample of 1577 inter-cluster filaments based on the first eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) supercluster catalog and estimated their soft X-ray emission. Their modeled emission and geometrical properties were used to select candidate targets for HUBS observations.
Results. Four inter-cluster filaments were selected as the most appropriate candidates. By simulating and analyzing their mock observations, we demonstrated that with 200 ks HUBS exposure for each candidate, the gas properties of individual filaments can be accurately determined, with the temperature constrained to ±0.01 keV, metallicity constrained to ≤ ± 0.03 solar, and density constrained to <  ± 10%. Elemental abundances of O, Ne, Mg, and Fe can be measured separately, providing unprecedented insights into the chemical history of the filament gas. We also show that direct mapping of the WHIM distribution is promising with narrowband imaging of the O VIII line.
Conclusions. Our work forecasts that next-generation X-ray missions such as HUBS will provide substantial improvement in our understanding of the physical status and evolution history of the diffuse WHIM gas in the cosmic large-scale structure.
Pediatric Epilepsy Management: Special Considerations
Authors: Nickels Katherine , Joshi Charuta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhile pediatric epilepsy shares some features with adult epilepsy, the growing and developing brain during childhood is associated with differences in epilepsy etiologies, syndromes, comorbidities, management, and outcomes. We must also consider the long-term effects of epilepsy and treatments. This section highlights unique considerations for pediatric epilepsy. These include pediatric onset electroclinical syndromes that commonly resolve prior to adulthood, treatment duration of self-limited pediatric epilepsy syndromes, pediatric-onset epilepsy with etiology-specific treatment, and therapies used more commonly in the pediatric population. In addition, pediatric-onset epilepsy is associated with a higher risk for developmental, psychiatric, and behavioral comorbidities in a bidirectional fashion. Family dynamics are affected by a child with epilepsy, and transitioning to the adult clinic is a particular challenge for this population. Finally, there are special issues that occur in pediatric epilepsy, including the lack of pediatric FDA approvals for newly available therapies and the need for sedation for investigations.
All-in-one self-powered wind speed sensor with a wide start-up range and high output power
Authors: Yang Yun , Zhang Shuai , Li Kuizhi , Xue Shuping , Cai Tingting 
Published: February 2025

Anemometers play an important role in environmental monitoring in remote and unique locations, such as forests, islands, and mines. Self-powered wind speed sensors offer a solution for long-term reliable monitoring in unmanned environments. However, current self-powered wind speed sensors suffer from limited integration, limited start-up range, and insufficient output power. Therefore, an all-in-one self-powered wind speed sensor (ASWS-sensor) with a wide start-up range and high output power is proposed. The ASWS-sensor, based on triboelectric nanogenerator and electromagnetic generation technologies, features a unique dual-cup structure that integrates wind speed sensing and wind energy harvesting. This design enables wind speed detection across a broad range from 1.5 to 15 m/s and achieves a high output power of 1.18 W. To meet the long-term, reliable wind speed monitoring needs in coal mine tunnels, a real-time wind speed monitoring and alarm system is developed combining the ASWS-sensor and a master computer. Notably, in this system, the use of the FIR filtering algorithm effectively suppresses significant noise encountered during the collection of single-electrode triboelectric signals with a microcontroller, thereby simplifying the wind speed calculation process. The results show that when the wind speed exceeds 7 m/s, the system can collect, process, wirelessly transmit, analyze, and display wind speed-related data without the need for an external power supply. This demonstrates the excellent application potential of the ASWS-sensor in unmanned monitoring in remote and unique scenarios.
Exploring cosmology: a simple experiment to illustrate the cosmological principle and the Hubble–Lemaître Law
Authors: Suárez Álvaro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an activity to illustrate the Hubble–Lemaître law and the cosmological principle. Using an elastic band to represent the expanding Universe and dots on the band to represent galaxies, we use Tracker software to measure recession velocities as a function of distance and analyse their relationship in different reference frames. Unlike previous work, which has focused on changes in position, this approach allows direct and quick measurement of velocities for different reference frames and different expansion rates. The activity is simple and can be incorporated into different learning cycles or used as homework.
Post-annealing-induced enhancement of structural, optical and electrical properties in copper tin sulphide (CTS) thin films
Authors: A K Sijo , Sapna P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of post-annealing on the enhancement of structural, optical and electrical properties of Copper Tin Sulfide (CTS) thin films. The CTS thin films were synthesized using the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method, then annealed at temperatures of 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C and characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV–vis-NIR, and EDAX. The results show improved crystallinity, optical transmittance and electrical conductivity with increasing annealing temperature. The films show high bandgap energies (3.68–3.90 eV) and strong UV absorption. The transmittance curves reveal low transmittance in the UV region and high transmittance in the visible region. Post-annealing resulted in a decrease in film thickness, suggesting improved uniformity and density. An inverse relationship between crystallite size and bandgap energy was observed. These findings introduce a new paradigm for tailoring the bandgap energy and optical transmittance of CTS thin films through controlled post-annealing, enabling their application in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Dynamic modeling method and parameter calibration of subarea thin-layer elements in bolted connection area of diaphragm coupling
Authors: Wen Huabing , Gao Shuaishuai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aiming at the finite element modeling problem on the dynamic characteristics of multi-layer elastic diaphragm bolted joints, and adopting the equivalent modeling method of subarea thin-layer elements, a parameter identification method that can accurately and efficiently identify the material parameters of each area of subarea thin-layer elements is proposed. Taking the diaphragm coupling in the marine propulsion shaft system as an example, the accuracy of the simplified model is verified by comparing the dynamics characteristics of the vibrational mode, driving point mechanical impedance, and vibration level drop between test and simulation. The variation of material parameters in each region under different bolt preloads was studied, and the effects of different material parameters on the dynamic properties were analyzed, in which the elastic modulus had a greater effect on the model dynamic characteristics, while Poisson’s ratio and density had a smaller effect. The research results show that the subarea thin-layer element modeling method can effectively simplify the dynamic modeling method of the diaphragm coupling under the consideration of bolt preload, and the parameter identification based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm can accurately identify the material parameters of each area of the subarea thin-layer element, which can be used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the multilayered elastic diaphragm bolted couplings.
Structural, morphological and electrical transport behaviour of inverse Heusler Mn2CoSi/n-Si(100) thin film structure
Authors: Atul Anadi Krishna , Choudhary R J , Srivastava Neelabh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The family of Co-based Heusler compounds holds considerable promise for spintronic applications due to their theoretically half-metallic magnetic nature. In this work, we have studied the structural, morphological and transport behaviour of Mn2CoSi (MCS) inverse Heusler alloy (HA) experimentally in thin film form. Structural analysis has revealed the formation of a cubic structure corresponding to the inverse MCS HA with space group F

4

̅

3m. Fitting results of the x-ray reflectivity (XRR) spectrum indicated that the deposited film is uniform and smooth, with a thickness of 70 nm. Simulation results from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) experiments revealed that the film is pure and devoid of foreign elements such as oxygen or nitrogen, with a composition of Mn2CoSi. Electrical transport study of MCS thin film structure has been done using the van der Pauw technique, suggesting the ohmic nature of the prepared thin film structure at RT. Moreover, the estimated conductivity, carrier concentration and carrier mobility from Hall measurement are found to be 5361 S cm−1, 1021 cm−3 and 25 cm2/V.s, respectively which is consistent with the observations reported for half-metallic materials. Surface morphology indicated that the film is smooth, with an average grain size of 38 nm. The possibility of half-metallicity of MCS HA in thin film form makes it a promising candidate for its future applications in silicon-based devices .