bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children with disruptive behaviours I: Service utilization
Authors: Hazell PL , Tarren‐Sweeney M , Vimpani GV , Keatinge D , Callan K 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics and patterns of service utilization in the Hunter region (NSW, Australia) of families caring for a child manifesting disruptive behaviour. Methodology: Families were eligible to participate in the survey if they had at least one child known to have one of the DSM‐IV disruptive behaviour disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, behaviour problems associated with rarer forms of brain disease, brain injury or mild intellectual disability, or identified by school personnel as having significant behaviour problems. Families were recruited to the survey via schools, early education centres and clinical services. Parents completed a mail survey about demographic details and service utilization. Results: In total, 1412 families responded to the survey, a participation rate of approximately 65%. The demographic characteristics of respondent families were similar to those of the regional population. A high proportion (85%) of children from respondent families were receiving treatment. Nearly half those children attending clinical services were attending two or more services. Approximately one‐third each of the sample was attending public clinics, private clinics or a combination of both. Children were more likely to be treated by a paediatrician (64%) than a child psychiatrist (39%) or a psychologist (23%). Compared with a normative Australian sample, parents of children manifesting disruptive behaviour reported a high level of family stress. Conclusions: Families of children manifesting disruptive behaviour are a highly stressed group who often access several clinical services. Paediatricians make a significant contribution to the management of children with disruptive behaviours and need to be considered in service planning.
Is being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander a risk factor for poor neonatal outcome in a tertiary referral unit in north Queensland?
Authors: Panaretto KS , Muller R , Patole S , Watson D , Whitehall JS 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To compare perinatal outcomes for all births, and the morbidity and mortality patterns of babies admitted to neonatal intensive care, for non‐Indigenous, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (TSI) people in a major remote urban centre. Methods: A prospective cohort study of all births and consecutive admissions to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit/Special Baby Care Unit (NICU/SCBU) at Kirwan Hospital for Women (KWH), Townsville (a tertiary referral hospital) was conducted from January 1998 to June 1999. Results: There were 2575 births, with 2392 (93%) booked into KWH for delivery. The Aboriginal group differed from the non‐Indigenous group only in the prevalence of low‐birthweight births. The TSI group had significantly higher perinatal mortality rates, preterm and low‐birthweight births than the non‐Indigenous group. Seven hundred and fifty‐eight babies were admitted to NICU/SCBU: 586 (77%) non‐Indigenous, 129 (17%) Aboriginal, 43 (6%) TSI. There were significantly more preterm, lower birthweight and longer stay length Aboriginal and TSI babies. Being Indigenous was not associated with neonatal death. Gestation of less than 28 weeks, congenital anomalies, and high‐grade cerebral haemorrhage, but not ethnicity, were independent risk factors for neonatal death. Maternal risk factors, including poor antenatal care attendance, were more prevalent amongst Indigenous women. Conclusion: Neonatal outcomes for Aboriginal infants were better than expected from national and State reports. Outcomes for Torres Strait Islander infants were worse than expected. Ethnicity was not a risk factor for neonatal death. These findings suggest that outcomes may be further improved by programmes to increase access for Indigenous women to antenatal care services.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the Jurumirim Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Nogueira M. G. , Henry R. , Maricatto F. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractJurumirim is a large tropical reservoir with remarkable spatial gradients. This structure seems to be determined by a longitudinal gradient in the trophic conditions along the main axis of the reservoir. Nutrient‐rich waters enter from the main tributary river, Paranapanema, and towards the dam there is a lacustrine zone that is deeper and more oligotrophic. Additional variability is derived from two important lateral components: the entrance of the Taquari River, the second largest tributary, bringing waters with higher pH and alkalinity; and the Ribeirão das Posses arm, a sheltered bay where the hydrodynamic conditions promote a high growth of phytoplankton. However, such a spatial pattern is not static. It can become either more defined, during the dry season (late autumn and winter), or less evident, during the expansion of the lotic conditions in the rainy period (late spring and summer). Seasonal processes of stratification/destratification determine the temporal changes in the lacustrine zone but, unlike the upstream regions, the dam zone of the reservoir seems to be little affected by periodic pulses of modifications produced by intensive rains. The presence of extensive wetlands and oxbow lagoons in the mouth zones of the main rivers also constitutes an important source of spatial variability and should be considered in the future.
IgA aggregates stimulate monocyte chemotactic peptide‐1 expression in human mesangial cells
Authors: Ihm Chun‐Gyoo , Park Jae Kyung , Lee Tae Won , Kim Myung Jae , Cha Dae Ryong 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:It has been observed that mesangial cells (MC) possess receptors for IgG and IgA and that IgG immune complexes activate MC to produce monocyte chemotactic peptide‐1 (MCP‐1). Therefore, we examined whether IgA immune complexes could stimulate MCP‐1 mRNA expression in human MC by using semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Incubation of MC with IgA or IgG immune aggregates (Agr) effectively enhanced the ratio of PCR products for MCP‐1 to glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase on densitometric results at 24 h. When the monocyte chemotactic activity was examined, MC supernatants produced by IgA or IgG Agr increased the monocyte chemotactic activity. Additional experiments were performed to examine whether protein kinase C (PKC) could regulate the IgA or IgG Agr‐induced MCP‐1 expression. Phorbol myristate acetate, a PKC activator, increased MCP‐1 expression which was inhibited by calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor. One hour of prior incubation of MC with calphostin C could reduce the MCP‐1 expression induced by IgA or IgG Agr. These findings demonstrate that IgA as well as IgG immune Agr directly increase MCP‐1 expression by MC and it is partly mediated by PKC. The MCP‐1 expression induced by IgA or IgG Agr may contribute to monocyte infiltration in the early stage of immune complex glomerulonephritis such as IgA nephropathy or lupus nephritis.
Comparison of immunological and histopathological changes between oral and intraperitoneal immunization of outer membrane of Haemophilus parainfluenzae antigens in mice
Authors: Yamamoto C , Suzuki S , Kimura H , Yoshida H 
Published: March 2003

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was first reported by Berger in 1968, and characterized by diffuse IgA deposits in glomerular mesangium and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Clinically, patients with IgAN have frequently episodic macroscopic haematuria accompanied with pharyngitis, tonsillitis, gastroenteritis, bronchitis, or sinusitis. These findings suggest that IgAN is related to inflammatory and immune responses to mucosal infections.We have reported that primary IgAN patients with acute onset are often associated with mucosal infections such as pharyngitis and tonsillitis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HP) is more frequently isolated from the pharynx of patients with IgAN than from those with other diseases.1 We also demonstrated glomerular deposition of outer membrane of HP (OMHP) antigens and the presence of IgA antibody against OMHP in patients with IgAN.1 These findings suggest that HP has a role in the aetiology of primary IgAN.In the present study, we attempt to develop an experimental model of IgAN induced by oral and intraperitoneal immunization of OMHP antigens, and evaluate the difference in immunological and histopathological changes between these two administration routes.Four‐week‐old female C3H/HeN mice were fed mouse chow. One hundred and twenty mice were divided into oral (PO group) and intraperitoneal (IP group) administration groups of OMHP antigens and each control groups. Mice of the PO group received OMHP antigens for daily drinking water and intragastric intubation once a week, and mice in the IP group received intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL of OMHP antigens, once a week. Six mice from each group were killed at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 weeks of age to examine sequential glomerular changes. We also measured serum IgG, IgA, IgM antibody against OMHP antigens, and serum IL‐10 and IFN γ by ELISA. Throughout experiments, haematuria and proteinuria were analysed every 5 weeks.IgA antibodies against OMHP significantly increased in PO and IP groups compared with the control, and the degree of increase in IgA antibodies against OMHP was more prominent in the PO group. In the IP group, IgG and IgM antibodies against OMHP increased more markedly. Glomerular deposition of IgA and increase of mesangial matrix were observed in the PO group from 40 weeks of age and in the IP group from 30 weeks of age, respectively. Mice in both groups showed glomerular deposition of OMHP antigens. Haematuria was not detected in any group. Serum IL‐10 tended to increase in the PO and IP groups, and IFN γ did not increase significantly in any group.These results suggest that oral administarion of OMHP antigens induce glomerular deposition of IgA and mesangial proliferation with increase of IgA antibodies against OMHP antigens in mice, and these observations in the PO group resemble the changes of human IgAN more closely than in the IP group.
Postdisciplinarity in mental health‐care: an Australian viewpoint
Authors: Holmes Colin A. 
Published: March 2003

Postdisciplinarity in mental health‐care: an Australian viewpointThis paper outlines some of the powerful forces progressively undermining the conceptual and practical foundations upon which the major disciplines have been established, and dissolving the boundaries which have traditionally distinguished them from each other, particularly those disciplines involved in the healthcare enterprise. It discusses some of the implications of these processes for mental health nursing, and champions a new cadre of ‘postdisciplinary’ staff, comprising a graduate generic mental healthcare worker and a postgraduate clinical specialist. It is argued that such a specialist — a ‘Generic Mental Health Worker’— should be welcomed by all those who want to see improved quality of care in mental health services rather than defend a failing system.
High technology and nursing: ethical dilemmas nurses and physicians face on high‐technology units in Norway
Authors: Bunch Eli Haugen 
Published: March 2003

High technology and nursing: ethical dilemmas nurses and physicians face on high‐technology units in Norway Results from two studies of ethical dilemmas nurses and doctors experience on two high‐technology units are compared and discussed. The qualitative comparative methodology of grounded theory was used to generate theoretical frameworks grounded in the empirical realities of the units. The ethical dilemmas they faced were related to: treating the one vs. the common good; end of life questions; and resource allocations with inadequate staffing. Similarities were related to intensity and urgency of nursing care and patient treatment, clear nursing ideologies based on treating humans within a framework of hope, embracing technology and scarce resources. Differences between the two study units were patient diagnosis, hierarchical structure on one unit while one had a vertical structure and decision‐making processes, and finally how nursing knowledge and autonomy were used. The two studies demonstrated that clinical, ethical and administrative interactions and decisions are highly compounded, stressful and intertwined.
Exploring nursing expertise: nurses talk nursing
Authors: Hardy Sally , Garbett Robert , Titchen Angie , Manley Kim 
Published: March 2003

Exploring nursing expertise: nurses talk nursingIt has become increasingly important for practitioners to articulate their expertise in modern healthcare settings that demand high levels of accountability and evidence‐based practice. The material presented within this article has been interpreted drawing from discourse analysis1to help explore the discourses that shape and influence understandings of nursing practice. What we present are extracts from four of the 35 participant nurses who applied to take part in the Royal College of Nursing Institute's Expertise in Practice (pilot) Project (EPP). The material presented is used to provide a starting point for exploring how nurses talk about and construct expertise in nursing practice. The four nurse participants’ clinical practice areas cover palliative care, mental health, intensive care and fertility care. The material reveals high levels of intensity in the nurse–patient relationship, ‘maverick’ nursing practices and ongoing reflexivity. All of these aspects appear to capitalize on expertise as a ‘catalyst’ that alters treatment pathways and maximizes patient‐centred outcomes. Exploring a discourse of nursing expertise exposes the tacit situated nature of professional practice that is heterogeneous and most difficult to articulate and explain. It is proposed that expertise tends to be understood from traditional and dominant discourses of medicine, management and technology. Explaining expertise in practice exposes non‐conventional practice that in itself can be isolating and challenging to the status quo of contemporary health‐care.
Attentional processing of emotional information in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Unoki Keiko , Kasuga Takashi , Matsushima Eisuke , Ohta Katsuya 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to investigate attentional processing of emotional information in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), 14 patients with OCD and 28 normal control (NC) subjects were asked to name the background colors of anxiety‐relevant, compulsion‐relevant, positive and neutral words (an emotional Stroop color‐naming test). The stimulus words were presented subliminally, and supraliminally. The time of subliminal presentation for each subject was determined in advance by the lexical decision task. In the subliminal condition, the delay for anxiety‐ and compulsion‐relevant words, when compared with neutral words, was greater in OCD patients, while no difference was found in NC subjects. In the supraliminal condition, no delay was found for both OCD patients and NC subjects. In other words, OCD patients were more sensitive to threat information when it could not be identified with consciousness. Moreover, the present study compared checking OCD with cleaning OCD in the attentional processing of emotional information. As a result, it was found that checking OCD patients responded more slowly in naming the background color of subliminal emotional words than cleaning OCD patients. The results indicate that OCD patients, especially with checking compulsion, may have a deficit in automatic processing of threat information.
Effects of propofol anesthesia on cognitive recovery of patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Sakamoto Atsuhiro , Hoshino Takeshi , Suzuki Norihito , Suzuki Hiroko , Kimura Mahito , Ogawa Ryo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of different doses of propofol on post‐electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) cognitive recovery were evaluated together with the effects on seizure duration and hemodynamic changes during ECT in 15 depressive patients. Propofol attenuated the increase in arterial blood pressure and heart rate in a dose‐dependent manner compared with thiamylal. Propofol showed a clinically significant anticonvulsant effect during ECT in a dose‐dependent manner. There were no significant differences among the four different induction groups in the mean recovery time from anesthesia, however, a low dose of propofol suppressed the early recovery of cognitive function. For early cognitive recovery after ECT, a deep anesthetic level is necessary when the traditional ECT apparatus is used which produces sine curve wave stimuli.
Mood disorders and influenza epidemics in Japan
Authors: Mino Yoshio , Oshima Iwao , Okagami Kazuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe finding that influenza epidemics are associated with an increased risk of adult mood disorder has been controversial. In this study, data were collected from governmental statistics, the Patient Survey in Japan, in 1996. Index years were defined as 1957/58, 1962, and 1965, and comparison years were defined as 2 years before and 2 years after the index year. The subjects were 361 patients with mood disorders who were born in the index years of influenza epidemics. In order to isolate patients exposed to an influenza epidemic during their second prenatal trimester, the months of birth 5 months after the influenza epidemics were defined as risk exposure months. The proportions of patients born during the exposure period in the index years were compared with those of patients born in the corresponding months in the comparison years. The same procedures were conducted for the periods 2 and 8 months after the epidemics. For female in‐patients only, the proportion of patients born in the A2 influenza‐exposure months in 1965 with second‐trimester exposure was smaller than that of patients born in the corresponding months in the comparison years; the same phenomenon was observed for third‐trimester exposure in 1957–58. However, no differences were observed in other comparisons. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to influenza might decrease the risk for adult mood disorders in females. However, whether there is a causal relationship is still unproven.
Continuous recordings of skin conductance change during sleep
Authors: Shiihara Yasufumi , Umezawa Akio , Sakai Yasujiro , Kamitamari Norikazu , Kodama Masahisa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsing a new compact and stable device, skin conductance change (SCC) was measured in five female undergraduates during sleep. The SCC trends and waveforms were almost identical to those of simultaneously recorded skin potential activity (SPA). A gradual increase in sympathetic sweating during sleep was also observed using SCC. However, the confounding effects of a burst of positive skin potential responses usually seen in SPA were absent using SCC.
The survey of sleeping time of junior high school students: A study on the sleep questionnaire
Authors: Yamaguchi Nariyoshi , Kawamura Shoko , Maeda Yoshiki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigated the questionnaire study on sleep of junior high school students to estimate the effect of excessive study hours on their sleep time in 1998. A total of 501 students answered the questionnaire. It was noted that most of the students sleep for 6–8 h on weekdays. The majority of the students of the junior high school felt that their sleep is insufficient on weekdays.
Functions of the uvula and Z‐pharyngoplasty
Authors: Mukai Susumu , Mukai Chikako , Nitta Masayoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUPPP includes uvulotomy. The uvula works as the pilot for eating and swallowing. We performed an operation which left the uvula intact and opened the pharynx by Z‐opening the palate, Z‐pharyngoplasty (ZPP). Twenty‐four patients were studied before and after ZPP. The results of the operations were satisfactory. No patients complained of symptoms after uvulectomy. As for the changes indicated by sleep monitoring, minimum SaO2 increased significantly (P = 0.0026), pulse rate decreased significantly (P = 0.0144), apnea index decreased significantly (P = 0.0392), snoring decreased (P = 0.064), and the amount of hours of sleep when SaO2 was over 95% increased (P = 0.0690) after ZPP.
Basal forebrain microinjections of L‐3,3′,5‐triiodothyronine modify sleep in hypothyroid rats
Authors: Zhang Shi‐Qing , Martin Joseph V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMale rats were injected bilaterally with various doses of L‐3,3′,5‐triiodothyronine (T3) into basal forebrain areas. The electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and brain temperature (Tbr) were then measured in 8‐h studies. In the medial preoptic area (MPA), a 4 μg dose of T3 caused significant elevations in REM sleep as compared to control injections. In the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), both 2 and 4 μg doses of T3 significantly inhibited non‐REM sleep. Injections to the diagonal band of Broca did not alter EEG‐defined sleep. Influences on Tbr were not significant for any of the treatments. Since these effects of T3 were demonstrated after acute injections, the data are consistent with possible non‐genomic actions of thyroid hormones in adult brain.
Effects of light and sleep stages on heart rate variability in humans
Authors: Tsunoda Mihoko , Endo Takuro , Hashimoto Satoko , Honma Sato , Honma Ken‐Ichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEffects of light intensity and sleep stages on heart rate variability (HRV) were investigated in young healthy subjects. The low‐frequency (LF)/high‐frequency (HF) ratio was significantly increased by exposing either to bright lights of 10 000 lx or to extreme darkness (< 0.01 lx), while HF and LF components of HRV were not changed, when compared with those under dim light (100 lx). However, LF was significantly increased at REM sleep, when compared with that at the pre‐sleep wake. In contrast, HF was increased at all stages of sleep, and the LF/HF ratio was decreased at slow wave sleep during the baseline night.
First report of Gelidiella ligulata (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) in Japan
Authors: Shimada Satoshi , Masuda Michio 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA gelidialean red alga that was newly found in Japanese waters is referred to as Gelidiella ligulata Dawson. It is characterized by erect lanceolate blades developing from a creeping axis that are relatively large in the genus Gelidiella. Among the 22 species currently recognized in the genus, Gelidiella indica Sreenivasa Rao is most similar to G. ligulata and a further comparative study is needed to elucidate the status of G. indica. Gelidiella ligulata and the type species of the genus, Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann et Hamel, have the unicellular independent attachments that are common to the members of Gelidiella investigated to date. This type of attachment is unique in the Gehdiales and this feature may be a useful taxonomic criterion in distinguishing Gelidiella from other genera.