bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of radiation shielding properties of self-healing polymers and nanocomposites for a space habitat case study under GCR and LEO radiation
Authors: Pernigoni Laura , Lafont Ugo , Grande Antonio Mattia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the opportunity to introduce self-healing materials within space structures has drawn the attention of scientists and companies. Autonomous repair following damage caused by impacts with micrometeoroids and orbital debris (MMOD) would lead to safer human activity in space and would increase spacecraft operational life and autonomy, thus reducing replacement costs and possibly relieving astronauts from maintenance activities. In particular, integrating self-healing materials into structures to protect humans from the space environment is a fundamental step in the realization of long-lasting space exploration missions. Nevertheless, the way these materials interact with the environmental factors in space still needs to be properly analyzed and understood; in particular, space radiation is a serious threat to human health and material integrity. The proposed work hence investigates the shielding ability of candidate self-healing materials with the specific purpose of human protection in crewed missions. The NASA HZETRN2015 (High Z and Energy TRaNsport, 2015 version) software is used to simulate galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and low Earth orbit (LEO) environment. A comparison between a standard habitat layup proposed by NASA and a set of configurations containing self-healing polymers is performed to verify that the substitution of conventional bladder materials with the proposed self-healing solutions does not decrease the overall habitat shielding performance. A self-healing nanocomposite option with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is also analyzed to determine whether the insertion of nanofillers can increase the overall shielding performance. In the second phase, the comparison of puncture tests on blank and irradiated samples under conditions reproducing a space suit example is presented to assess the possible effects of radiation on the self-healing performance.
Cell death induction and intracellular vesicle formation in human colorectal cancer cells treated with Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Hwang Yu-Na , Kwon In-Seo , Park Ju-Hee , Na Han-Heom , Kwon Tae-Hyung , Park Jin-Sung , Kim Keun-Cheol 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a principal psychoactive extract of Cannabis sativa and has been traditionally used as palliative medicine for neuropathic pain. Cannabidiol (CBD), an extract of hemp species, has recently attracted increased attention as a cancer treatment, but Δ9-THC is also requiring explored pharmacological application.

Objective
This study evaluated the pharmacological effects of Δ9-THC in two human colorectal cancer cell lines. We investigated whether Δ9-THC treatment induces cell death in human colorectal cancer cells.

Methods
We performed an MTT assay to determine the pharmacological concentration of Δ9-THC. Annxein V and Western blot analysis confirmed that Δ9-THC induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Metabolic activity was evaluated using MitoTracker staining and ATP determination. We investigated vesicle formation by Δ9-THC treatment using GW9662, known as a PPARγ inhibitor.

Results
The MTT assay showed that treatment with 40 μM Δ9-THC and above inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Multiple intracytoplasmic vesicles were detected upon microscopic observation, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed cell death via G1 arrest. Δ9-THC treatment increased the expression of cell death marker proteins, including p53, cleaved PARP-1, RIP1, and RIP3, suggesting that Δ9-THC induced the death of colorectal cancer cells. Δ9-THC treatment also reduced ATP production via changes in Bax and Bcl-2. Δ9-THC regulated intracytoplasmic vesicle formation by modulating the expression of PPARγ and clathrin, adding that antiproliferative activity of Δ9-THC was also affected.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Δ9-THC regulated two functional mechanisms, intracellular vesicle formation and cell death. These findings can help to determine how cannabinoids can be used most effectively to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment.
Mechanical properties of MAG butt welded dissimilar structural steel joints with varying strength from grade S355 up to S960
Authors: Brätz Oliver , von Arnim Mareike , Eichler Stefan , Gericke Andreas , Hildebrand Jörg , Bergmann Jean Pierre , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Henkel Knuth-Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMixed connections made of normal-strength and high-strength structural steels allow for optimized material usage and production effort in applications where, as a result of different mechanical effects on materials of the same type, it would otherwise be necessary to adjust the plate thickness. Reduced material consumption and smaller weld geometries can thus generate ecological and economic advantages. When welding high-strength structural steels, however, significant softening can occur in the heat-affected zone, which can influence the load-carrying behavior of the overall joint. Since there are currently no appropriate standards for butt welds made of steels with different strengths up to S960, a separate design concept is required. In this paper, the weldability and load-carrying capacity of multilayer MAG welded butt joints designed as mixed connections of a normal-strength structural steel S355 and a high-strength structural steel in the range S690 to S960 are investigated. Extensive experimental investigations are carried out, in which other influencing variables such as the filler metal used, the heat input, the plate thickness, and the weld geometry are varied in order to identify their effects on the load-carrying capacity of the welded joints. Among other things, the results form the basis for an empirically based design model for mixed connections.
Gender-related differences in patients with carcinoid syndrome: new insights from an Italian multicenter cohort study
Authors: Ruggeri R. M. , Altieri B. , Razzore P. , Retta F. , Sperti E. , Scotto G. , Brizzi M. P. , Zumstein L. , Pia A. , Lania A. , Lavezzi E. , Nappo G. , Laffi A. , Albertelli M. , Boschetti M. , Hasballa I. , Veresani A. , Prinzi N. , Pusceddu S. , Oldani S. , Nichetti F. , Modica R. , Minotta R. , Liccardi A. , Cannavale G. , Grossrubatscher E. M. , Tarsitano M. G. , Zamponi V. , Zatelli M. C. , Zanata I. , Mazzilli R. , Appetecchia M. , Davì M. V. , Guarnotta V. , Giannetta E. , La Salvia A. , Fanciulli G. , Malandrino P. , Isidori A. M. , Colao A. , Faggiano A. ,   NIKE Group
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) and related carcinoid syndrome (CaS) has increased markedly in recent decades, and women appear to be more at risk than men. As per other tumors, gender may be relevant in influencing the clinical and prognostic characteristics of NEN-associated CS. However, specific data on carcinoid syndrome (CaS) are still lacking.

Purpose
To evaluate gender differences in clinical presentation and outcome of CaS.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 144 CaS patients from 20 Italian high-volume centers was conducted. Clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, therapies, and outcomes (progression-free survival, PFS, overall survival, OS) were correlated to gender.

Results
Ninety (62.5%) CaS patients were male. There was no gender difference in the site of primary tumor, tumor grade and clinical stage, as well as in treatments. Men were more frequently smokers (37.2%) and alcohol drinkers (17.8%) than women (9.5%, p = 0.002, and 3.7%, p = 0.004, respectively). Concerning clinical presentation, women showed higher median number of symptoms (p = 0.0007), more frequent abdominal pain, tachycardia, and psychiatric disorders than men (53.3% vs 70.4%, p = 0.044; 6.7% vs 31.5%, p = 0.001; 50.9% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.003, respectively). Lymph node metastases at diagnosis were more frequent in men than in women (80% vs 64.8%; p = 0.04), but no differences in terms of PFS (p = 0.51) and OS (p = 0.64) were found between gender.

Conclusions
In this Italian cohort, CaS was slightly more frequent in males than females. Gender-related differences emerged in the clinical presentation of CaS, as well as gender-specific risk factors for CaS development. A gender-driven clinical management of these patients should be advisable.
Incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 patients in Tyrol, Austria: a prospective multicenter registry study
Authors: Mayerhöfer Timo , Perschinka Fabian , Klein Sebastian J. , Peer Andreas , Lehner Georg F. , Bellmann Romuald , Gasteiger Lukas , Mittermayr Markus , Breitkopf Robert , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Mathis Simon , Fiala Anna , Fries Dietmar , Ströhle Mathias , Foidl Eva , Hasibeder Walter , Helbok Raimund , Kirchmair Lukas , Stögermüller Birgit , Krismer Christoph , Heiner Tatjana , Ladner Eugen , Thomé Claudius , Preuß-Hernandez Christian , Mayr Andreas , Potocnik Miriam , Reitter Bruno , Brunner Jürgen , Zagitzer-Hofer Stefanie , Ribitsch Alexandra , Joannidis Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication in critically ill patients with and without COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of, and risk factors for, acute kidney injury and its effect on clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Tyrol, Austria.

Methods
This multicenter prospective registry study included adult patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, who were treated in one of the 12 dedicated intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 2020 until May 2022.

Results
In total, 1042 patients were included during the study period. The median age of the overall cohort was 66 years. Of the included patients, 267 (26%) developed acute kidney injury during their intensive care unit stay. In total, 12.3% (n = 126) required renal replacement therapy with a median duration of 9 (IQR 3–18) days. In patients with acute kidney injury the rate of invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly higher with 85% (n = 227) compared to 41% (n = 312) in the no acute kidney injury group (p < 0.001). The most important risk factors for acute kidney injury were invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.19, p < 0.001), vasopressor use (OR = 3.17, p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001) in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Hospital and intensive care unit mortality were significantly higher in patients with acute kidney injury compared to patients without acute kidney injury (Hospital mortality: 52.1% vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001, ICU-mortality: 47.2% vs. 14.7%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
As in non-COVID-19 patients, acute kidney injury is clearly associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among known risk factors, invasive mechanical ventilation has been identified as an independent and strong predictor of acute kidney injury.

Graphical abstract
Adding household surveys to the behavioral economics toolbox: insights from the SOEP innovation sample
Authors: Fischbacher Urs , Neyse Levent , Richter David , Schröder Carsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile laboratory and field experiments are the major items in the toolbox of behavioral economists, household panel studies can complement them and expand their research potential. We introduce the German Socio-Economic Panel’s Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS), which offers researchers detailed panel data and the possibility to collect personalized experimental and survey data for free. We discuss what SOEP-IS can offer to behavioral economists and illustrate a set of design ideas with examples. Although we build our discussion on SOEP-IS, our purpose is to provide a guide that can be generalized to other household panel studies as well.
A review on nanomaterial-based additive manufacturing: dynamics in properties, prospects, and challenges
Authors: Rahman Mustafijur , Islam Kazi Sirajul , Dip Tanvir Mahady , Chowdhury Mohammed Farhad Mahmud , Debnath Smita Rani , Hasan Shah Md. Maruf , Sakib Md. Sadman , Saha Tanushree , Padhye Rajiv , Houshyar Shadi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of nanomaterials has revolutionized the field of additive manufacturing. The combination of additive manufacturing technology with nanomaterials has significantly broadened the scope of materials available for modern and innovative applications in various fields, including healthcare, construction, food processing, and the textile industry. By integrating nanomaterials into additive manufacturing, the manufacturing process can be enhanced, and the properties of materials can be improved, enabling the fabrication of intricate structures and complex shapes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on additive manufacturing techniques that utilize nanomaterials. It covers a wide range of nanomaterials employed in additive manufacturing and presents recent research findings on their incorporation into various categories of additive manufacturing, highlighting their impact on the properties of the final product. Moreover, the article discusses the potential of nanomaterial-based additive manufacturing technologies to revolutionize the manufacturing industry and explores the diverse applications of these techniques. The review concludes by outlining future research directions and focusing on addressing current challenges to enhance the overall efficiency and effectiveness of nanomaterial-based additive manufacturing.
Graphical abstract
Linking artificial intelligence facilitated academic misconduct to existing prevention frameworks
Authors: Birks Daniel , Clare Joseph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper connects the problem of artificial intelligence (AI)-facilitated academic misconduct with crime-prevention based recommendations about the prevention of academic misconduct in more traditional forms. Given that academic misconduct is not a new phenomenon, there are lessons to learn from established information relating to misconduct perpetration and frameworks for prevention. The relevance of existing crime prevention frameworks for addressing AI-facilitated academic misconduct are discussed and the paper concludes by outlining some ideas for future research relating to preventing AI-facilitated misconduct and monitoring student attitudes and behaviours with respect to this type of behaviour.
Exiting Commercial Sex Work: a Case of Adolescent Street Girls of the Harare Central Business District in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chikoko Witness 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe paper interrogates narratives of adolescent street girls of the Harare Central Business District, Zimbabwe, exiting commercial sex work. A qualitative research methodology punctuated by street ethnography was adopted to gather data for the paper. A feminist social work approach and empowerment theory were used to have a deeper understanding of the lives of these children. Research findings suggest that there were very few cases where adolescent street girls of Harare Central Business District were successfully exiting transactional sex. There were varied and multiple reasons why they could not successfully exit commercial sex work. Some of them included addiction on commercial sex work, limited survival options outside commercial sex work, peer pressure, street subculture, and substance abuse. The paper concludes by advocating and lobbying key stakeholders such as the Government of Zimbabwe to improve the lives of children in street situations through provision of social protection mechanisms.
Boosting the nonlinear optical absorption of graphene oxide, and gold nanorods by tailoring graphene oxide-gold nanorods hybrids
Authors: Salah Abeer , Hassab-Elnaby Salah , Ramadan Marwa A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTailoring efficient nonlinear optical materials continues to be a topic of great interest in the scientific field. In this paper, we study the nonlinear response of graphene oxide nanosheets GO, gold nanorods AuNRs, and graphene oxide/gold nanorods hybrid nanocomposite GO@AuNRs respectively, GO was prepared by modified Hummer method while AuNRs were prepared by the seed-mediated method and GO@AuNRs prepared by simple ex-situ method. The nonlinear absorption was measured via open aperture Z scan using nanosecond pulses at 532 nm, The nonlinear absorption coefficients were measured for the proposed materials in colloidal and polymeric forms. The results show an enhancement of the nonlinear absorption and optical limiting of GO@AuNRs over GO and AuNRs. Furthermore, enhanced optical nonlinearity and stability are achieved in polymeric form compared to colloidal forms. These materials could potentially be used in optical limiting applications and photonic devices.
Graphical abstract
The investigation of surface free energy components and moisture sensitivity damage of asphalt mixes modified with carbon black using the sessile drop method
Authors: Zarroodi Roozbeh , Hashjin Navid Ghafari , Faraji Mehdi , Payami Maryam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAsphalt pavement is vulnerable to moisture damage when water infiltrates the asphalt-aggregate interface and weakens their bond. To prevent this problem, researchers have explored the use of additives to increase resistance against moisture damage. The moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures can be assessed by measuring their basic properties related to the mechanism of moisture damage. One effective approach to this is using the surface free energy method, which calculates bond energies between different materials’ surfaces and identifies the most appropriate combination of asphalt and aggregate. High cohesion or adhesion bonding is crucial for the proper performance of asphalt mixtures, such as moisture damage resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbon black additive on moisture damage resistance using surface free energy methods, comparing results with the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) test. Modified asphalts containing 4, 8, 12, and 16% carbon black were tested, with natural base asphalt as a control sample. The study used surface free energy theory to determine moisture sensitivity parameters of asphalt mixtures by obtaining surface free energy components of the raw materials and testing the ratio of tensile strength. Results showed that adding 8% carbon black to the asphalt mixture improved moisture sensitivity, and increasing additive content up to 16% reduced it but still provided better results than samples made with pure asphalt. The study concluded that the surface free energy method can determine the suitable combination of asphalt and aggregate materials for resistance against moisture damage.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Damage Detection Method Through High-Resolution Photos on Various Statically Deflected Beams
Authors: De Nunzio Andrea Vincenzo , Faraco Giada , Giannoccaro Nicola Ivan , Messina Arcangelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, the authors deeply investigate and test a modern technique that allows the analysis of a structure starting from a photo to identify and locate damage present on it, rapidly and non-destructively without any physical interaction with the analyzed structure. The technique suitability is tested on four statically deformed beams, on which notches represent the defects. The core of the proposed method is the correlation between the curvature that each beam presents under load conditions and its flexural stiffness. The proposed methodology consists in taking a photo of the inflected beam; subsequently, the acquired photo is manipulated with specifically designed image processing tools, and the second derivative of the beam axis is estimated using two distinct numerical differentiator filters (Lanczos filter and Gaussian wavelets) along with suitable processing to reduce border distortions. The tests conducted demonstrate that it is possible, with an opportune static deflection amplitude, to accurately detect the position of the notch with the proposed procedure; a sensitivity analysis is also conducted by testing the procedure with different beam thicknesses, notch positions, and amplitude of the static deflection. Although the authors realize that the technique can generally require sensibly large displacements, the results seem promising.
Equilibrium Behavior in Tandem Markovian Queues with Heterogeneous Delay-Sensitive Customers
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Yiannis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider a system of two unobservable Markovian queues in tandem with strategic customers, who are heterogeneous regarding their delay sensitivity. The customers decide upon arrival whether to balk or join the system and receive service in the first queue or in both queues. We analyze their equilibrium strategic behavior which is specified by double-threshold strategies regarding their delay sensitivity parameter (one threshold for each queue). Moreover, we compare the strategic behavior of the heterogeneous customer population with its homogeneous counterpart. We complement our theoretical results with numerical experiments and provide managerial insights into the optimal control of the system parameters.
Extreme Precipitation in Tropical Squall Lines
Authors: Abramian Sophie , Muller Caroline , Risi Camille 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSquall lines are substantially influenced by the interaction of low‐level shear with cold pools associated with convective downdrafts. Beyond an optimal shear amplitude, squall lines tend to orient themselves at an angle with respect to the low‐level shear. While the mechanisms behind squall line orientation seem to be increasingly well understood, uncertainties remain on the implications of this orientation. Roca and Fiolleau (2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00015-4) show that long lived mesoscale convective systems, including squall lines, are disproportionately involved in rainfall extremes in the tropics. This article investigates the influence of the interaction between low‐level shear and squall line outflow on squall line generated precipitation extrema in the tropics. Using a cloud resolving model, simulated squall lines in radiative convective equilibrium amid a shear‐dominated regime (super optimal), a balanced regime (optimal), and an outflow dominated regime (suboptimal). Our results show that precipitation extremes in squall lines are 40% more intense in the case of optimal shear and remain 30% superior in the superoptimal regime relative to a disorganized case. With a theoretical scaling of precipitation extremes (C. Muller & Takayabu, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130), we show that the condensation rates control the amplification of precipitation extremes in tropical squall lines, mainly due to its change in vertical mass flux (dynamic component). The reduction of dilution by entrainment explains half of this change, consistent with Mulholland et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0299.1). The other half is explained by increased cloud‐base velocity intensity in optimal and superoptimal squall lines.