bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota‐sensing O‐GlcNAc signaling in intestinal and metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Ruan Hai‐Bin , Zhao Ming 
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role for host metabolism and immune response. Alterations in microbial composition and function have been associated with many diseases, including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver diseases. Microbial metabolism yields a number of bioactive molecules such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that may modulate host physiology; however, the molecular mechanisms by which host cells sense and respond to microbiota‐derived molecules are largely unknown.O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) signaling has been proposed as a nutrient sensor in diverse metabolic processes. Herein, we investigated the role of O‐GlcNAc in microbiota‐host interactions in intestinal inflammation and glucose metabolism. We found that intestinal epithelial levels of O‐GlcNAc reduce in response to microbial depletion and can be partially rescued by SCFAs in mice. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)‐specific knockout of O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in mice causes epithelial barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and intestinal inflammation.Meanwhile, IEC‐Ogt KO mice show increased numbers of intestinal L cells, elevated serum GLP‐1 levels, improved glucose metabolism, and decreased body weight when compared with control mice. On the other hand, IEC‐specific overexpression of OGT downregulates intestinal glucagon gene expression and levels of serum GLP‐1 and insulin.Fecal transplantation into antibiotic‐treated mice demonstrated that microbial dysbiosis in IEC‐Ogt KO mice is not important for the progression of intestinal inflammation, but is sufficient to drive the improvement of glucose homeostasis and the loss of body weight. These results demonstrate that, in response to microbiota‐derived SCFAs, epithelial O‐GlcNAc signaling maintains intestinal homeostasis by restraining the inflammation and the incretin effect.Support or Funding InformationThis work was partially supported by American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant.
Correspondence of 25‐hepcidin concentrations by ELISA and mass spectrometric methods and their discrimination across healthy and ill subject groups
Authors: Orozco Monica , Arriaga Claudia Lorena , Solomons Noel W. , Schümann Klaus 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIncreasing use of hepcidin as a biomarker of iron homeostasis, especially during infection and inflammation and other iron‐related disorders, calls for affordable and convenient assessment methods capable of precisely quantifying a wide range of hepcidin concentrations.ObjectiveTo evaluate two different versions of a commercial competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for bioactive hepcidin‐25 quantitation, with similar dynamic ranges but different specificities, within a large range of hepcidin concentrations.MethodsPlasma samples from 8 apparently healthy adults recruited in Sololá, Guatemala; 8 mildly sick patients attending clinical consultation at Sololá's National Hospital, and 8 end‐stage renal failure juvenile patients undergoing hemodialysis in FUNDANIER, Guatemala City, were collected to represent the widest possible range of continuous hepcidin concentrations in a human context: low (LH), middle (MH) and high (HH) levels. Hepcidin‐25 was quantified with two ELISA kits (DRG® EIA‐5258 & EIA‐5782) and the gold standard weak cation exchange time‐of‐flight mass‐spectrometry (TOFMS) method. Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient test was applied to the 3 data‐sets to assess statistical dependence between the 3 methods to determine validity and repeatability.ResultsAverage hepcidin concentrations (ng/ml) for LH subjects were: 9±5, 10±2, and 155±67; for MH patients: 29±12, 20±11, and 437±283; and for HH patients: 145±130, 212±295, and 3380±3486, with the TOFMS, EIA‐5258, and EIA‐5782 methods, respectively. Pearson rank correlation coefficients between TOFMS & EIA‐5258 and TOFMS & EIA‐5782 (validity) were 0.94 and 0.123, respectively, and between EIA‐5258 & ‐5782 (repeatability), 0.061.ConclusionDespite the declared improved specificity of the newest version of the kit (EIA‐5782), the older version (EIA‐5258) revealed a higher validity when compared to the gold standard, making it a better option for the assessment of a wide range of hepcidin concentrations.
Regulation of Inflammation Metabolism of Hibiscus manihot L. Water Extract
Authors: Kim Kyoung Kon , Choe Myeon 
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted to investigate candidate materials as anti‐inflammation agent from Hibiscus manihot L. water extract (HMWE). Activities of HMWE with the final concentration of 1 mg/mL were evaluated on the several inflammation related markers such as the release of proinflammatoty cytokine of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated RAW 264.7 cells.The results revealed that the HMWE exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory action. HMWE treatment decreased the release NO and inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF‐α, COX‐2, iNOS, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in the LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
IMPACT OF DOSING REGIMEN ON CONSUMPTION OF CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS FOR PREVENTION OF PREECLAMPSIA AMONG ANTENATAL CARE CLIENTS: A CLUSTER‐RANDOMIZED, NON‐INFERIORITY TRIAL IN WESTERN KENYA
Authors: Omotayo Moshood Olanrewaju , Dickin Katherine , Pelletier David Louis , Mwanga Erick , Kung'u Jacqueline , Stoltzfus Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundTo prevent pre‐eclampsia, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ante‐natal calcium (Ca) supplementation in populations with inadequate habitual intake. The WHO guideline recommends 1.5–2.0 g /d with a dosing regimen that might require 4–5 pill‐taking events when iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements are also taken. We hypothesized that simpler regimens with lower daily dosages might lead to higher adherence, and therefore have the same impact on supplemental calcium intake while costing less.MethodsWe examined the impact of Regimen A, a 3‐dose regimen (500mg × 3, per WHO guidelines), compared to Regimen B, a lower 2‐dose regimen (500mg ×2), on average daily supplement intake, using a parallel, cluster‐randomized non‐inferiority trial in 16 primary healthcare facilities in western Kenya. We enrolled 990 pregnant women between 16 to 30 weeks gestational age. The primary outcome was average daily amount of Ca supplement consumed (mg/d), measured by pill counts assessed at 2 time points, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after recruitment. We carried out intention‐to‐treat analysis using mixed effect models, with regimen as fixed effects, using a non‐inferiority margin of 125 mg/d.ResultsParticipants from facilities assigned Regimen A consumed 388 mg/d (95%CI = 341, 434) more supplemental calcium than those assigned regimen B.ConclusionRecommending a lower and simpler 2‐dose regimen led to lower impact on estimated supplemental calcium intake than the current WHO‐recommended regimen. Further studies are needed to evaluate how contextual factors influence adherence, clarify the dose‐response relationship of calcium supplementation and preeclampsia prevention and determine cost‐effectiveness of lower and simpler regimens in programs. Trial Registration: NCT02238704Support or Funding InformationFunding for this research was provided by the Micronutrient Initiative
Consumption of raisin‐containing foods is associated with increased nutrient intake and better diet quality in adult participants (19+ y) from the NHANES (2001–2012)
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L , Painter James E , Carughi Arianna 
Published: November 2023

We have previously described the association of raisin consumption with nutrient intake and diet quality; raisin consumers had higher diet quality scores (61.4 ± 1.0 vs. 49.1 ± 0.2) and better intakes of nutrients of public health concern/shortfall nutrients. In this study we examined the association between consumption of raisin‐containing foods (n=149) with nutrient intake and diet quality in adults using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2012 (n=29,684). Consumers of raisin‐containing foods (n=4,201; 51.7% female) were defined as having any amount of raisin‐containing foods during the first 24‐hour diet recall. Diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI). Covariate adjusted (age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio, physical activity level, current smoking status, and alcohol intake) regression analyses were conducted using appropriate sample weights; significance was set at p<0.01. For analyses of nutrient intake energy intake was an additional covariate. Energy intake was higher in consumers of raisin‐containing foods than non‐consumers (2241 ± 22 vs. 2054 ± 9). Examining nutrients of public health concern/shortfall nutrients identified by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, dietary fiber (18.6 ± 0.2 vs. 16.2 ± 0.1 g/d) and potassium (2758 ± 24 vs. 2656 ± 9 mg/d) were significantly higher in consumers of raisin‐containing foods compared to non‐consumers, while no associations were observed for intakes of calcium and vitamin D. Intakes of vitamin C and E were similar in consumers of raisin‐containing foods and non‐consumers but intakes of vitamin A (719 ± 33 vs. 568 ± 10 μg RAE/d), folate (589 ± 8 vs. 526 ± 4 μg DFE/d), iron (16.6 ± 0.3 vs. 14.9 ± 0.2 mg/d) and magnesium (317 ± 3 vs. 287 ± 1 mg/d) were higher in consumers of raisin‐containing foods. Regarding nutrients to limit, intakes of saturated fat (23.6 ± 0.2 vs. 25.1 ± 0.1 g/day) and sodium (3326 ± 27 vs. 3567 ± 17 mg/day) were significantly lower while added sugar intake was similar in consumers of raisin‐containing foods vs. non‐consumers. Consumers of raisin‐containing foods had higher total HEI scores (58.6 ± 0.6 vs. 54.3 ± 0.4). Regarding HEI sub‐components, the largest differences in sub‐component scores were seen for whole grains (3.3 ± 0.07 vs. 1.9 ± 0.04), whole fruit (2.7 ± 0.06 vs. 2.2 ± 0.03), and sodium (5.0 ± 0.08 vs. 4.2 ± 0.05). In conclusion, consumption of raisin‐containing foods was associated with better nutrient intake and better diet quality in adults.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by Sun‐Maid Growers of California.
Validation of Masimo Pronto 7 and Hemocue 201 for hemoglobin determination in children from 1 to 5 years of age
Authors: HUMARAN IGNACIO MENDEZ GOMEZ , Levy Teresa Shamah , del Carmen Morales Ruán María , Tapia Brenda Martinez , Hernández Salvador Villalpando , Ávila Mauricio Hernández 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveEvaluate the accuracy and precision of Hemocue 201 (Hemocue) and Masimo Pronto 7 (Masimo) devices for measuring hemoglobin in epidemiological studies using having as a gold standard venous blood samples.Material and methodsIn a field sample of 148 children aged 1–5 years were subjects to measure Hemoglobin (Hb) using Masimo, and a capillary blood sample for Hemocue; and a venous blood sample for an automatic analyzer. We constructed regression models with no intercept, for precision and predictability; concordance correlations for accuracy and precision; Band and Altman limits of agreement, and thierarchical linear models for measurement system variance diagnostics.ResultsBoth devices under estaimated Hb concentartions compared with gold standard. Hemocue and Masimo devices have regression coefficients of 0.887 and 0.876 with predictability of 98.7% and 98.6% respectively. Concordance correlation coefficients for Hemocue was 0.18341, (p<0.001) and for Masimo 0.16638, (p<0.001). Bland and Altman showed a difference of −1.51 for Hemocue and −1.62 for Masimo. The three level hierarchical linear model shows that 57.9% of the total variance for Masimo came from repeated measure on same subjects.ConclusionsHemocue and Masimo measure less concentrations of Hb than the gold standard. The accuracy and presicion of Hb measurements with Hemocue and Masimo devices are very similar in the field. Devices should be used properly in field work, based on enhanced training schedules.
Trends in Consumption of Candy by The U.S. Population between 1971 and 2012: Results from NHANES
Authors: Barraj Leila , Murphy Mary M , Shumow Laura 
Published: November 2023

Recent data have shown that candy is a modest source of energy in the average American's diet, but little is known about how the contribution of candy to energy intake has changed over time. This study examined trends in consumption of candy by the U.S. population. Data from day 1 dietary recalls from participants in 11 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES): NHANES I 1971–1974; NHANES II 1976–80; NHANES III phase I 1988–1991 and phase II 1991–1994; NHANES 1999–2000; and NHANES, What We Eat in America (WWEIA) 2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 were used. Percent consumers of candy (total excluding chewing gum), per capita intake of candy (g/day), per capita energy intake from candy (kcal/day) and a population proportion of percent energy from candy were estimated within each survey period and trends across survey periods were examined using linear and logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The sample was comprised of children age 2–18 years (n=49,140) and adults age 19–74 years (n=71,139). Across the 4 decades, percent consumers of candy on a given day increased (p<0.05), with 20.5% consumers on a day in 1971–1974 and 24.6% in 2011–2012. The per capita amount of candy consumed and energy from candy increased for the total population and adults, though there were no changes for children. Percent contributions to energy intake from candy were consistent for each population across the 11 surveys, ranging from a minimum of 1.3% to a maximum of 2.4% for the population ages 2–74 y. In analyses limited to data collected in WWEIA components of NHANES (2001–2002 through 2011–2012), percent consumers, per capita candy intake and per capita energy intake from candy significantly decreased (p<0.05) for the total population and among adults 19–74 y. In the WWEIA components among the population 2–74 y, percent consumers of candy ranged from 24.6 to 27.6% and per capita candy intake was 9 to 11 g/day, providing 41 to 50 kcal/day and accounting for 1.9 to 2.2% of total energy intake. Results from this study show that per capita consumption of candy in the United States increased relative to levels in the early 1970s though remained stable as a percent of energy. Additionally, per capita consumption declined over the last decade. The improved methods of data collection in WWEIA, including better capture of potentially forgotten foods, may explain the apparent changes in candy consumption since the early 1970s. Overall, candy remains a relatively small source of energy in the U.S. diet accounting for approximately 2% of energy.Support or Funding InformationNational Confectioners Association
Palm Oil in Myanmar: A Spatiotemporal Study of How Industrial Farming Affects Biodiversity Loss and the Sustainable Diet
Authors: Nicholas Khristopher Mark , Fanzo Jessica , MacManus Kytt 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPalm oil consumption is not only potentially deleterious to human health, but its production has resulted in 11 million hectares of deforestation globally. Palm oil development and consumption in Myanmar is a burgeoning and under‐researched phenomenon. Importing roughly 394,000 metric tons of palm oil in 2012 alone, the Burmese government has recently pushed for intensive palm oil development to sate domestic demand for consumption and become international market players. Given well‐studied linkages between biodiversity loss and ecosystem instability, this study aims to characterize the nature of deforestation for palm oil production in Myanmar, its effects on the ‘sustainable diet’, and what factors influence it.MethodsFirst, a GIS land suitability analysis overlaying spatial data on rainfall, elevation, and slope was conducted in order to identify areas of Myanmar best suited to palm oil tree growth. Second, after narrowing the geographic range, vegetation indices using varying spectral band models in ENVI (specifically, bands 3, 2, 1; 4, 5, 1; and 5, 4, 3) allowed a more granular examination of vegetation phenology over the past 30 years. Lastly, ground‐truthing permitted an in‐person verification of GIS and ENVI results and provided contextual understanding of palm oil development in Myanmar.FindingsGIS analysis reveals that the Tanintharyi region, one of the most biodiverse regions in Myanmar, proves best suited to palm oil growth. Next, vegetation indices reveal a rapid shift from smallholder farming to what appears to be industrial palm oil plantations all throughout Tanintharyi. Ground‐truthing suggests that plantations are indeed becoming fully industrial, encourage construction of massive processing plants like the Yuzana plant 15km north of Maliwan, and accompany an apparent local embracing of the industrial activity.InterpretationIf these trends of palm oil intensification continue, then four key outcomes may follow: (1) even higher levels of biodiversity loss, (2) increased access and affordability of edible palm oil, (3) decreased importing of palm oil, and (4) large profits made from selling excess palm oil on the international market. Although the first two may adversely affect low‐income Burmese populations, the latter two may bode well for the domestic economy and international trade partners, thus encouraging competing interests.Support or Funding InformationFunded by: Global Fellows in Sustainable Development Grant, Columbia University
International food group based diet quality and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women
Authors: Fung Teresa , Isanaka Sheila , Willett Walter 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSimple diet quality scores have been constructed for low income countries to measure micronutrient adequacy. However, the utility of these scores in high‐income countries have not been examined with regard to clinical outcomes.ObjectiveWe prospectively examined the association between the Food Group Index (FGI), the Minimal Diet Diversity Score for Women (MDDW), and a newly constructed Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and the risk of coronary heart disease in 3 U.S. cohorts.Methods75,055 women (baseline age 43–63), 41,506 men (aged 40–75), and 93,131 younger women (aged 27–44) without a history of cardiovascular disease were followed up to 28 years from 1984 to 2012. Diet was assessed up to 7 times using repeated food frequency questionnaires. The FGI comprised of 8 food groups, the MDDW 10, and the PDQS 21. We computed the 3 diet quality scores for each individual. The association with CHD was modeled with Cox proportional hazard model, controlling for potential confounders.ResultsDuring follow‐up, we ascertained 2,908 incident CHD in NHS, 3,547 in HPFS, and 505 in NHS II. The FGI was not associated with total CHD in any cohort while the MDDW was significantly but modestly associated with a lower risk of total CHD in NHS and HPFS (total CHD: RR one point increase = 0.95 for both NHS and HPFS, 95%CI=0.91–0.98 for NHS, 0.92–0.98 for HPFS). The PDQS was clearly and significantly associated with CHD in all 3 cohorts (RRs comparing top to bottom quintiles ranged from 0.63 in NHS II to 0.76 in NHS, lower bound of 95% CI ranged from 0.46 to 0.86, upper bound ranged from 0.84 to 0.86). The association did not differ by age.ConclusionWe found that the PDQS with the most detailed differentiation of healthy and unhealthy foods, was associated with a lower risk of CHD in a high income country. On the other hand, diet quality scores that do not account for unhealthy foods or have little gradation within each food group had limited (MDDW) or no (FGI) association with CHD.
Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Risk Factors among Low Income Women
Authors: Kim Juhee , Chagarlamudi Hemadhanvi , Patil Shiv , Bray Emily 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to: 1) examine the prevalence of meeting Institute of Medicine (IOM) weight gain recommendations among a low income population, and 2) examine the effects of prenatal factors, especially pre‐pregnancy weight status and nutrition care visit on gestational weight gain (GWG) among low income pregnant women.MethodsAn observational prospective study was conducted with a convenient sample of low income (Medicaid‐insured) pregnant women seeking care in prenatal clinics in Eastern North Carolina (n=108, 52.8% were African American).ResultsThe study population exhibits a high prevalence of obesity (24%) and morbid obesity (17%), with an average pre‐pregnancy BMI of 30.1 (SD=9.7). About 60% of participants were receiving care in a high risk clinic. A majority of women exceeded IOM weight gain recommendations (40.7%) while 29.5% fell below recommendations; 63.0% of women used at least one nutrition care visit. While 63% of the overweight group exceeded weight gain recommendations, 72.2% of morbidly obese women fell below the recommended level (p=0.0033). Only 45.4% of participants initiated breastfeeding after birth. Of the mothers who planned to breastfeed, 55.8% successfully initiated breastfeeding. Pre‐pregnancy weight status (P< 0.001) and gestational week at delivery (p=0.0242) were positively associated with GWG (R2=0.363). Potential effects of race, age, nutritional guidance, pregnancy risk status, breastfeeding intention, and initiating breastfeeding at delivery on GWG were not detected.ConclusionsLow income pregnant women present disproportionately high rates of nutritional risk, inadequate GWG, and low breastfeeding rate. Given these poor nutritional and health outcomes, improved prenatal care focused on nutrition is greatly needed.Support or Funding InformationEast Carolina University Faculty Start‐Up Funding.
Inhibitory effects of DHA and its peroxidation product 4‐HHE on human Colon cancer cells
Authors: Lin Yun‐Hsien , Ganbat Uyanga , Tang Feng‐Yao 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFish oil and its constituent, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been known to reduce risk of inflammatory diseases and have anticancer effects on various types of cancers, such as breast, colon, prostate, endometrium and ovary. In epidemiological studies, fish oil is proven to reduce risk of colon cancer. In epidemiological studies, fish oil is proven to reduce risk of colon cancer. In this study we tested effects of DHA and its peroxidation product 4‐hydroxyhexenal (4‐HHE) on colon cancer cells. Lipid peroxidation products may regulate tumourigenesis process and we examined the inhibitory effects of DHA and 4‐HHE on colon cancer cells and investigate if DHA's anticancer effect is due to 4‐HHE.Materials/MethodsColon (HCT‐116 and HT‐29) cancer cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM concentrations of DHA and 4‐HHE for 24 and 48 hours and MTT, cell cycle, western blotting assay was performed. For detection of cell signaling pathway, cancer cells were treated for 1 hour with DHA and 4‐HHE with the concentrations mentioned above.ResultsTreatment with DHA and 4‐HHE decreased cell viability in all cancer cells with dose and time dependently. G2/M phase at 48 hours. G2/M phase arrest was seen in MDAMB‐468 cell line at 48 hour time point. Cell cycle regulatory protein expressions were also modulated with both treatments in all cell lines. P‐STAT3 protein expression was reduced with DHA and 4‐HHE treatments dose dependently in every cancer cells.ConclusionDHA and its peroxidation product 4‐HHE inhibited cell viability, cell cycle progression and cell cycle regulatory proteins via blockade of p‐STAT3 pathway in human colorectal cancer cells. DHA seemed to be a more effective agent in suppression of colorectal cancer cell growth in comparison with 4‐HHE.