bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip displacements and correctable scoliosis were prevalent in children with cerebral palsy registered in a Danish follow‐up programme from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Krarup Laerke Hartvig , Kristensen Pia Kjaer , Stisen Martin Baekgaard , Nordbye‐Nielsen Kirsten , Mechlenburg Inger 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimWe need a better understanding of non‐surgical interventions for hip dislocations and scoliosis. This study estimated the cumulative incidence of problems among children with cerebral palsy and described the type and frequency of therapist‐led interventions.MethodsThe study comprised 1482 children (58% male) aged 0–15 years, with a mean age of 3.6 years, who were registered in the Danish Cerebral Palsy Follow‐up Programme from 2010 to 2020. We used the Kaplan–Meier estimator to examine the cumulative incidence of hip displacement, hip dislocation, correctable scoliosis and non‐correctable scoliosis. The type and frequency of therapist‐led interventions are reported descriptively.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of hip displacement and hip dislocation were 15.8% and 3.5%, respectively, and 39.0% and 13.9% for correctable and non‐correctable scoliosis. The most frequently reported type of therapist‐led intervention was a joint range of motion exercise. We found that 60.5% with hip displacements and 43.8% with correctable scoliosis used a standing aid. A further 5.4% used a spinal orthosis to prevent deformity and 8.1% for stabilisation.ConclusionHip displacement and correctable scoliosis were prevalent in children with cerebral palsy, whereas the occurrence of hip dislocations and non‐correctable scoliosis was low. The use of assistive aids was low.
Use of human airway smooth muscle in vitro and ex vivo to investigate drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders
Authors: Calzetta Luigino , Page Clive , Matera Maria Gabriella , Cazzola Mario , Rogliani Paola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIsolated airway smooth muscle has been extensively investigated since 1840 to understand the pharmacology of airway diseases. There has often been poor predictability from murine experiments to drugs evaluated in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the use of isolated human airways represents a sensible strategy to optimise the development of innovative molecules for the treatment of respiratory diseases. This review aims to provide updated evidence on the current uses of isolated human airways in validated in vitro methods to investigate drugs in development for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders. This review also provides historical notes on the pioneering pharmacological research on isolated human airway tissues, the key differences between human and animal airways, as well as the pivotal differences between human medium bronchi and small airways. Experiments carried out with isolated human bronchial tissues in vitro and ex vivo replicate many of the main anatomical, pathophysiological, mechanical and immunological characteristics of patients with asthma or COPD. In vitro models of asthma and COPD using isolated human airways can provide information that is directly translatable into humans with obstructive lung diseases. Regardless of the technique used to investigate drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders (i.e., isolated organ bath systems, videomicroscopy and wire myography), the most limiting factors to produce high‐quality and repeatable data remain closely tied to the manual skills of the researcher conducting experiments and the availability of suitable tissue.
Diversity of spatial activities and parents' spatial talk complexity predict preschoolers' gains in spatial skills
Authors: Fox Danielle S. , Elliott Leanne , Bachman Heather J. , Votruba‐Drzal Elizabeth , Libertus Melissa E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildren's spatial activities and parental spatial talk were measured to examine their associations with variability in preschoolers' spatial skills (N = 113, Mage = 4 years, 4 months; 51% female; 80% White, 11% Black, and 9% other). Parents who reported more diversity in daily spatial activities and used longer spatial talk utterances during a spatial activity had children with greater gains in spatial skills from ages 4 to 5 (β = .17 and β = .40, respectively). Importantly, this study is the first to move beyond frequency counts of spatial input and investigate the links among the diversity of children's daily spatial activities, as well as the complexity of parents' spatial language across different contexts, and preschoolers' gains in spatial skills, an important predictor of later STEM success.
Changes in the spatial patterns of avian migrations: Evidence, mechanisms and causes
Authors: Ozsanlav‐Harris Luke , Burgess Malcolm D. , Hilton Geoff M. , Bearhop Stuart 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsUnderstanding the suite of environmental changes impacting migration and disentangling these from the dependencies between migratory stages is fundamental to understanding the drivers and mechanisms causing spatial shifts to migratory bird distributions. In this review, our objectives are to: (i) provide evidence of spatial change at all migratory stages, (ii) identify the key mechanisms driving change, (iii) discuss how anthropogenic change influences migratory patterns, (iv) highlight interdependencies between migratory stages and (v) offer a framework for understanding migratory pattern changes.LocationMigratory land birds globally.MethodsWe defined a literature search to find examples of spatial changes in avian migrations and their underlying mechanisms. From the top 1000 search results, sorted by relevance, we retained 81 papers published between 1991 and 2020.ResultsSpatial shifts in migratory bird distributions occur throughout the annual cycle, but patterns vary across taxa and migratory stages. Since avian migrants occupy multiple sites across the annual cycle, environmental change has particularly complex repercussions for their distributions. Multiple environmental changes can affect distributions at each migratory stage due to fitness asymmetries between migratory strategies and individuals responding flexibly to environmental changes within and across generations. Spatial changes at one stage (e.g. breeding) can also trigger further indirect spatial changes at other stages (e.g. stopovers) due to dependencies between stages.ConclusionsTo understand the drivers and mechanisms underpinning spatial changes, comprehensive year‐round distributional data are crucial for observing change across multiple migratory stages and disentangling competing drivers. Biologging technology could elucidate the mechanisms causing changes to individual‐level strategies and uncover fitness asymmetries between strategies. Ultimately, gaining a clearer understanding of spatial changes will aid in predicting distributional responses to anthropogenic change in migratory birds. This is paramount for mitigating the effects of anthropogenic change and assessing future population viability within this vulnerable and extensive taxonomic group.
Impact of a modified screening approach during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the diagnosis and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: A population‐level analysis of 90,518 pregnant women
Authors: Liyanage Vichy , Barrett Olesya , Ngwezi Deliwe , Savu Anamaria , Senior Peter , Yeung Roseanne O. , Butalia Sonia , Kaul Padma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo provide real‐world evidence on the uptake of and outcomes associated with the modified gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening approach offered during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared with the standard screening approach.MethodsAll pregnancies between 01 January 2020 and 31 December 2021, in Alberta, Canada, were included in the study. We examined GDM screening and diagnosis rates, and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) outcomes.ResultsAnnual GDM screening rates were > 95% during the study time period. Overall, 84.7%, and 11.6% of the 92,505 pregnancies underwent standard and modified screening for GDM, respectively. The use of modified screening was the highest among deliveries in August 2020 (49.8%) which corresponded to the early first wave of the pandemic. GDM diagnosis rate was lower in the modified screening (7.4%) than in the standard screening (12.3%, p < 0.001) group. The LGA rates in the modified screening with GDM and the standard screening with GDM groups were 24.8% and 12.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Women in the modified screening with GDM group were at a higher risk of having an LGA infant (adjusted odds ratio: 3.46; 95% confidence interval: 2.93, 4.08) compared to the standard screening with no GDM group.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 epidemic had no impact on screening for GDM. Women who underwent modified screening, based on HbA1c/random plasma glucose, had lower rates of GDM cases.
Association between decreased neck circumference and impaired activities of daily living among older adults in long‐term care
Authors: Sato Ryo , Sawaya Yohei , Ishizaka Masahiro , Shiba Takahiro , Hirose Tamaki , Yin Lu , Urano Tomohiko 
Published: October 2023

AimAssessment interventions for the decline of activities of daily living (ADLs) in older adults are crucial, as ADL decline increases hospitalization duration and mortality risk. Decreased neck circumference may result in various physical dysfunctions, including malnutrition. However, the association between neck circumference and ADLs has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to determine the association between decreased neck circumference and ADLs in older adults requiring long‐term care.MethodsThe study included 152 older adults deemed to require support or care under Japan's long‐term care insurance system. Neck circumference was measured just below the thyroid cartilage with a measuring tape. The Barthel index was used to evaluate ADLs, and skeletal muscle mass and nutritional status were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis instruments. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the association between neck circumference and ADLs.ResultsNeck circumference demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with age and a significant positive correlation with body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index, phase angle, and Barthel index. In the multivariate analysis, ADLs was significantly associated with neck circumference (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, P = 0.002) and phase angle (OR = 0.04, P < 0.001).ConclusionsNeck circumference is associated with age, skeletal muscle mass, and nutritional status. Furthermore, a decrease in neck circumference is suggested as an independent risk factor for ADL decline in older adults requiring long‐term care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 906–911.
Network medicine approaches for identification of novel prognostic systems biomarkers and drug candidates for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kori Medi , Temiz Kubra , Gov Esra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common endocrine carcinomas worldwide and the aetiology of this cancer is still not well understood. Therefore, it remains important to understand the disease mechanism and find prognostic biomarkers and/or drug candidates for PTC. Compared with approaches based on single‐gene assessment, network medicine analysis offers great promise to address this need. Accordingly, in the present study, we performed differential co‐expressed network analysis using five transcriptome datasets in patients with PTC and healthy controls. Following meta‐analysis of the transcriptome datasets, we uncovered common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for PTC and, using these genes as proxies, found a highly clustered differentially expressed co‐expressed module: a ‘PTC‐module’. Using independent data, we demonstrated the high prognostic capacity of the PTC‐module and designated this module as a prognostic systems biomarker. In addition, using the nodes of the PTC‐module, we performed drug repurposing and text mining analyzes to identify novel drug candidates for the disease. We performed molecular docking simulations, and identified: 4‐demethoxydaunorubicin hydrochloride, AS605240, BRD‐A60245366, ER 27319 maleate, sinensetin, and TWS119 as novel drug candidates whose efficacy was also confirmed by in silico analyzes. Consequently, we have highlighted here the need for differential co‐expression analysis to gain a systems‐level understanding of a complex disease, and we provide candidate prognostic systems biomarker and novel drugs for PTC.
An Uncouth Monk: The Moral Aesthetics of Buddhist Para‐Charisma
Authors: Swenson Sara Ann 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTIn this article, I propose a new theory of “Buddhist para‐charisma” by analyzing the case of an iconoclastic monk in Vietnam. My argument draws from 20 months of ethnographic research conducted in Ho Chi Minh City between 2015 and 2019. During fieldwork, I was introduced to a highly respected monk with the extraordinary capacity to read minds and perceive karmic obstacles in the lives of his lay and monastic followers. This monk was unique for openly consuming meat and alcohol, wearing lay clothing, and using insults while preaching. These behaviors had the deliberate effect of creating an uncomfortable, tense environment among his visitors. Later, the nun who introduced us explained that his harsh language and adversarial demeanor were a rare form of compassion that urged immediate awakening to Buddhist teachings. I compare this case with previously developed theories of Buddhist charisma and moral aesthetics. While past studies analyze Buddhist charisma through the moral aesthetics of physical beauty or affective responses of tranquility, gratitude, and awe, the theory of para‐charisma shows how some monks can deliberately use repulsive behavior and negative affects to attract followers and advance spiritual goals.
The notorious RBG: The discursive power of celebrity in defense of the supreme court
Authors: Polak Sara , Stroband Sabine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen speaking publicly outside the Court, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who garnered celebrity status due to her fiery dissents in the 2010s, did so to explain and defend the institution. Whereas celebrity is usually associated with personality cults, we argue that she used her podium to emphasize the importance of collegiality and process in the Supreme Court as an institution. By analyzing three cultural texts, the biopic On the Basis of Sex, the documentary RBG, and the autobiographical collection My Own Words, we show how Ginsburg brought popular culture and the Supreme Court into conversation with one another.
Sedation/agitation monitoring using a wearable device for ventilated children
Authors: Isaka Kanako , Hatachi Takeshi , Morita Kanako , Shimizu Yoshiyuki , Takeuchi Muneyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping continuous and labor‐saving sedation/agitation monitoring methods in ventilated children is important to avoid undesirable events such as unplanned extubation. The existing scales are often challenging to use. We therefore aimed to evaluate the feasibility of sedation/agitation monitoring using a wearable device with a built‐in accelerometer for ventilated children.MethodsThis prospective observational pilot study included children aged 15 years or less, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit on mechanical ventilation after cardiac catheterization between December 2021 and April 2022. The wearable device with a built‐in accelerometer was attached to either of the upper limbs, and accelerations due to upper limb movements were measured for 2 h after admission or until extubation, whichever was earliest. Accelerations were measured at 0.02 s intervals, with the mean acceleration calculated for each 1 min interval. The State Behavioral Scale (SBS) was completed at 1 min intervals, with the SBS score (−1, 0, 1, or 2) compared with the mean acceleration.ResultsThe study included 20 children with a median age of 12 months. The mean accelerations and SBS scores were positively correlated (Kendall's τ, 0.22; p < 0.001), with an increase in the median (interquartile range) acceleration from an SBS score of −1 through 2, as follows: SBS −1, 0.200 (0.151–0.232) m/s2; SBS 0, 0.202 (0.190–0.235) m/s2; SBS, 1, 0.312 (0.236–0.427) m/s2; SBS 2, 0.455 (0.332–0.517) m/s2. No adverse events were observed.ConclusionsThis study showed that continuous, labor‐saving sedation/agitation monitoring of ventilated children was feasible using a wearable device with a built‐in accelerometer.
Politics and suffering
Authors: Enoch David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolitical philosophy should focus not on uplifting ideals, but rather, so I argue, on minimizing serious suffering. This is so not because other things do not ultimately matter (they do), but rather because in the political context, the stakes in terms of suffering are usually extremely high, so that any other considerations are almost always outweighed. Put in moderately deontological terms: the high stakes carry most political decisions across the thresholds of the relevant deontological constraints. While the argument is substantive rather than exegetical, I engage in detail Judith Shklar's “Liberalism of Fear”. I share with Shklar her pessimistic starting point, but I also show how a focus on suffering (rather than cruelty and fear) is what plausibly follows from such a starting point. I then pursue the implications of this difference—they are theoretically profound, but perhaps less significant practically.
Neural correlates of adaptive cognitive control in working memory
Authors: Hartmann Eva‐Maria , Gade Miriam , Steinhauser Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConflicts in working memory (WM) can occur when retrieval cues activate competing items, which impairs the efficiency of retrieval. It has recently been shown that WM retrieval adapts similarly to these conflicts as predicted by conflict monitoring theory for selective attention tasks. Here, we utilized event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether conflict and adaptive control in WM are reflected by the same neural markers that have previously been described for selective attention tasks. In our task, participants encoded two differently colored memory lists that contained four digits each (i.e., 2 5 7 1 and 4 5 9 1), and had to recognize whether a probe item from a specific list and position was correct or incorrect. Conflict during retrieval emerged when digits at corresponding positions (e.g., 2 and 5 at the first position) were different (incongruent), but not when these digits were the same (congruent). In behavioral data, we found a congruency sequence effect, that is, responses to incongruent probe items were slower, and this effect was reduced following trials with incongruent probe items. In ERPs, this behavioral marker of adaptive control was accompanied by two effects. First, congruency affected the amplitude of an N450, and this conflict effect was reduced after incongruent trials. Second, the posterior P3 amplitude varied with the congruency of the current and the previous trial. Both results resemble those found for the Stroop task and thus highlight the similarity between conflict and adaptive control in WM and selective attention tasks.
The interaction between online and offline Islamophobia and anti‐mosque campaigns: The literature review with a case study from an anti‐mosque social media page
Authors: Ahmanideen Gabriel , Iner Derya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of the war on terror, mosques have become targets for hate groups, leveraging online platforms to amplify global anti‐mosque campaigns. These groups link local protestors with international hate networks, fuelling both online and offline (i.e., onsite) anti‐mosque campaigns. Thoroughly reviewing the literature addressing the interaction between online and offline Islamophobia and introducing an anti‐mosque social media page instilling the public with online and offline anti‐mosque hate, this article suggests a strong interaction between online and offline Islamophobia. In the provided case study from the Stop Mosque Bendigo (SMB), purposeful sampling was used to collect postings before and after the Christchurch Mosque attacks to analyse the evolution of online anti‐mosque campaigns in tandem with real‐life hate cases. The literature and the case study reveal the interaction between local and global, digital, and physical realms, as well as the convergence of everyday racism with extremist far‐right ideologies like the Great Replacement theory. Relying on the present literature and indicative findings, the article advocates for systematic investigations to uncover the direct connection between online hate and physical attacks and urges closer monitoring and accountability for those online platforms and social media pages apparently contributing to onsite hate‐driven actions.
Dynamic data‐driven railway bridge construction knowledge graph update method
Authors: Lai Jianbo , Zhu Jun , Guo Yukun , You Jigang , Xie Yakun , Wu Jianlin , Hu Ya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffectively integrating and correlating multisource data involved in the bridge construction process is crucial for the improvement of the bridge informatization level. In the current issues of dynamic numerous data and low information sharing between different engineering departments, the traditional information management methods are inefficient in providing comprehensive and accurate data support for construction safety. Focusing on the bridge construction stage, this article proposes a dynamic data‐driven construction method of railway bridge construction knowledge graph (KG) in combination with dynamic data (materials, personnel, equipment and sensors) in the construction process and KG technology. By taking a railway bridge as a case, the study develops a prototype system and analyzes the effectiveness of bridge construction KG in material traceability, personnel and equipment management and construction safety guidance, which can provide comprehensive and accurate data support for bridge construction management and construction optimization. The results show that: (1) bridge construction KG that takes into account the dynamic features of bridge projects can effectively integrate multiple elements; (2) the bridge construction KG is dynamically updated through real‐time comparison and advance prediction based on the dynamic data collected by multi‐sensing equipment at the construction site, and can provide effective data support for guiding bridge construction safety; and (3) the construction management prototype system based on railway bridge construction KG can provide accurate data support for material traceability, personnel and equipment management and assisted risk event decision‐making. The results of the comparative experiment between the KG group and the spreadsheet group showed that utilizing the KG saved approximately 50% of time and achieved a 20% higher accuracy rate in the material traceability task compared to the spreadsheet group. In general, this study proposes a dynamic data‐driven construction method of railway bridge construction KG, which can effectively realize the effective integration and management of multisource data in the bridge construction process, provide the necessary scientific basis for fine bridge management, and help to improve bridge informatization management level.