bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of haplotypes associated with resistance to Fusarium graminearum in spring oat (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Sørensen Espen Sannes , Windju Susanne , Jansen Constantin , Sonesson Anna Kristina , Lillemo Morten , Alsheikh Muath 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is the predominant disease in oat in Norway caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. It causes yield loss, reduced seed quality, reduced germination ability and accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON). The FHB resistance is quantitative, and most genes have small effect. Markers with verified effect in the breeding program could further enhance the resistance breeding. This study aims to use a large and diverse population of 541 lines to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated to FHB resistance in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and verify their effect in independent breeding material. The material has been tested in six environments over three years and two locations in spawn inoculated and mist irrigated disease trials. The traits tested were germination ability and DON accumulation. A total of 15 significant QTL‐regions were detected across 12 different linkage groups. Haplotypes for each region was constructed and the effect of the alleles in each environment was calculated, which identified the most likely resistant and susceptible alleles. Five QTL‐regions were validated showing consistent effect in the GWAS population and the breeding material. Stacking of the resistant alleles of these regions from zero to five showed significant decrease in DON values and increased germination ability. The haplotype information of a set of historical and modern Nordic varieties were analysed, and the results could be used to select parents for future crossings. The validated haplotypes from this study can be used either to do marker assisted selection (MAS) or improve genomic prediction models in breeding programs.
Serum uric acid concentration is associated with lower glomerular filtration rate in children undergoing kidney transplantation
Authors: Seibert Helena , Pereira Aline Maria Luiz , Pestana José Osmar Medina , Nogueira Paulo Cesar Koch 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between serum concentration of uric acid (UA) and chronic kidney disease is complex due to many confounding variables. There is currently debate over whether hyperuricemia acts as a marker of kidney disease or as an independent risk factor.ObjectivesTo test the impact of serum UA concentration on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of children undergoing kidney transplantation.Patients and MethodsProspective longitudinal study of children and adolescents after kidney transplantation. We analyzed clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data at pre‐transplant and 1, 3, and 6 months after transplant. We developed models of repeated measures analysis, using the generalized estimating equations technique for the outcome evolution of the estimated GFR at 1, 3 and 6 months. High serum UA concentration at 1 and 3 months was modeled as the main exposure variable.ResultsWe included 103 transplant patients. In a model adjusted for time, recipient sex and age, the occurrence of acute rejection episodes, and the estimated glomerular filtration at baseline, the trajectory of GFR exhibited an inverse relationship with UA (β = −7.1, 95% CI: −11.5 to −2.6, p < .01).ConclusionSerum UA increase was associated with lower graft function over time.
Land plant peptide signaling: What we know—and don't know—about its evolution
Authors: Furumizu Chihiro , Shinohara Hidefumi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe availability of genome sequences from diverse algal and plant taxa combined with the refinement of comparative genomics tools has begun to reveal how land plant genomes were shaped through duplication, repeat expansion, and gene family gains and losses. Of particular note is a large increase in the complexity and variety of signaling systems in land plants. Among these, signaling through small peptide ligand‐receptor interactions has been considered one of the major innovations during land plant evolution. First discovered in angiosperms as mediators of various cell‐to‐cell communication processes, peptide signaling studies have been expanded to non‐angiosperms, including bryophytes. Recent studies point to both common and unique roles for peptide signaling in distantly related species, raising interesting questions about how peptide signaling systems evolved and diversified. While the origin of peptide signaling systems remains elusive, progress in sequencing algal genomes offers clues to understanding the evolution of peptide receptors. This article discusses recent studies of small peptide‐mediated signaling systems and highlights current gaps in our knowledge and new avenues for research, which could help us address how peptide signaling systems evolved and contributed to plant terrestrialization.
Carbon stress causes preferential storage over growth in treeline trees
Authors: He Rui , Shi Hang , Hu Man , Zhou Quan , Zhang Quanfa , Dang Haishan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNon‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs) play an important functional role in determining plant survival as a backup carbon (C) source, while they also represent a large C sink being traded off against other C sinks when facing stress. However, information regarding how such trade‐offs in C allocation under C stress vary among species remains limited. Here, we experimentally induced C stress in juveniles of three tree species by exposing them to in situ artificial shading, and then we quantified the dynamics of whole‐tree C allocation patterns between storage and growth. For light‐demanding deciduous conifer larch and shade‐intolerant deciduous broad‐leaved birch, tree growth (represented by relative tree height growth (RHG) and relative basal area increment (RBAI)) was significantly reduced by shading, whereas for shade‐tolerant evergreen conifer fir, RHG and RBAI remained constant. Variations of whole‐tree NSC reserves were consistent for non‐treeline tree species (i.e., birch and fir), showing that shading remarkably reduced NSC storage. In contrast, shading‐induced NSC accumulation was found only in treeline tree species (i.e., larch). More importantly, C allocation to NSC storage was prioritized over structural growth only in larch under C stress, suggesting a strong trade‐off between survival and growth in treeline trees. Overall, our results discovered different patterns of C allocation in response to C stress across species with different plant functional types, further highlighting the highly conservative survival strategy of treeline tree species. Our study may contribute to an enhanced understanding of how forest biomes mitigate the negative impacts of stressful events in the context of global changes.
The Incompatibility of Rawls's Justice as Fairness and His Just War Approach
Authors: Medina Vicente 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA fundamental tension exists between Rawls's ideal Kantian conception of justice as fairness (JAF), which requires respecting people as ends, and his realistic non‐Kantian consequentialist conception of a supreme emergency in a just war. By justifying the targeting of objectively innocent noncombatants during a supreme emergency exception, Rawls allows for treating them as means only. Hence, his appeal to a supreme emergency is insufficient to avoid this tension. First, since for him JAF is ideal but also practical, one might argue that his fictional people in the original position must reflect on the justification for using force on behalf of JAF. And second, since Rawls justifies targeting objectively innocent people during a supreme emergency exemption, he justifies what one might conceive of as emergency terrorism. Emergency terrorism, however, treats people as means only. Therefore, Rawls's Kantian conception of JAF is in tension with his consequentialist justification of a supreme emergency in a just war and hence with emergency terrorism.
The metamotivation approach: Insights into the regulation of motivation and beyond
Authors: Fujita Kentaro , Le Phuong Q. , Scholer Abigail A. , Miele David B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearchers across theoretical traditions have long recognized the need for people to monitor and modulate certain aspects of their subjective experiences (such as their thoughts and feelings) in response to situational challenges that interfere with the attainment of important goals. Comparatively less attention has been devoted to understanding the beliefs and mechanisms necessary to regulate motivational states—i.e., metamotivation, even though motivational states are often integral to people's subjective experiences of events. As particular types of motivational states are more adaptive in some contexts than in others, flexibly instantiating the right motivational state at the right time may be key to achieving one's goals. The current paper reviews the principles of the metamotivational approach to studying motivation regulation and briefly reviews supporting research. In addition, we highlight metamotivation research conducted in the context of self‐affirmation theory to demonstrate the generative potential of this approach for researching phenomena that have traditionally been treated as separate from self‐regulation. We conclude by discussing some of the novel questions that the metamotivational approach has prompted, both in and outside of the self‐regulatory domain.
The time has come for psychology to stop treating qualitative data as an embarrassing secret
Authors: Masaryk Radomír , Stainton Rogers Wendy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the sustained flourishing—both in terms of quantity and quality—of qualitative research in psychology, psychology's establishment ‘gatekeepers’ seem to still be wedded to the dogma that only experimental research and quantitative data are sufficiently robust to be taken seriously. In this paper we make the case against this contempt and call for qualitative research and data to be recognized as valid and epistemologically sound in its own right. Given that its ontology is based upon constructionist assumptions about the nature of the social world, its power to provide nuanced insight into the complexity of humankind is not a problem, but its greatest strength. Our paper therefore starts with a brief review of the ontological and epistemological differences between the two approaches to demonstrate that they are complementary rather than competition. We then make our case, based on two key strategies: first by shedding light on the fact that many (perhaps even most) of psychology's classic experimental studies actually collected qualitative data (in the form of debriefing interviews and the like) and used it to understand what was going on; and then by recent studies that have expressly sought feedback about the hypothesis being purportedly tested. We then recognize the extent to which contemporary researchers are expressing their frustration at the way that they are being forced into a methodological straight jacket, by carrying out their research in ways they view as inauthentic. We end with a call to kerb the methodological dogma that has taken hold of psychology, and to move to a more inclusive approach.
Massive transfusion protocol reactivation as a novel marker of physician team under‐triage after injury
Authors: Weykamp Michael B. , Liu Zhinan , Fernandez Lauren R. , Tuott Erin , Robinson Bryce R. H. , Vavilala Monica S. , Stansbury Lynn G. , Hess John R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundLarge trauma centers have protocols for the assessment of injury and triaging of care with attempts to over‐triage to ensure adequate care for all patients. We noted that a significant number of patients undergo a second massive transfusion protocol (MTP) activation in the first 24 h of care and conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients involved over a 3‐year period.MethodsTransfusion service records of MTP activations 2019–2021 were linked to Trauma Registry records and divided into cohorts receiving a single versus a reactivation of the MTP. Time of activation and amounts of blood products issued were linked to demographic, injury severity, and outcome data. Categorical and continuous data were compared between cohorts with chi‐squared, Fisher's, and Wilcoxan tests as appropriate, and multivariable regression models were used to seek interactions (p < .05).ResultsMTP activation was recorded for 1884 acute trauma patients over our 3‐year study period, 142 of whom (7.5%) had reactivation. Factors associated with reactivation included older age (46 vs. 40 years), higher injury severity score (ISS, 27 vs. 22), leg injuries, and presentation during morning shift change (5–7 a.m., 3.3% vs. 7.7%). Patients undergoing MTP reactivation used more RBCs (5 U vs. 2 U) and had more ICU days (3 vs. 2).ConclusionsOlder patients and those presenting during shift change are at risk for failure to recognize their complex injury patterns and under‐triage for trauma care. The fidelity and granularity of transfusion service records can provide unique opportunities for quality assessment and improvement in trauma care.
Building Entrepreneurial Mindset: Motivating Curiosity, Connections, and Creating Value in an Assistive-Device Design Project
Authors: Gargac Joshua A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Developing entrepreneurial mindset (EM) can help students understand the bigger picture, recognize opportunities, and learn from mistakes to create value. The purpose of this work was to promote EM development in a required junior-level mechanical engineering course. A pre-existing assistive device project was adapted to incorporate entrepreneurial-minded learning activities requiring students to demonstrate curiosity, make connections, and create value. The project was completed across the entire semester. Students created photojournals and participated in activities to build empathy for project clients. Value propositions were developed and presented before the course content was applied to design and evaluate assistive devices. At the conclusion of the project, the students reported high self-efficacy with the EM-related project objectives.
A Comparative Numerical Analysis of Cold Plates for Thermal Management of Chips With Hotspots
Authors: Farahikia Mahdi , Wang Ping-Chuan , Reyes Louis , Krumholtz Matthew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Thermal and hydraulic performances of seven water-cooled minichannel cold plates with different internal structures are compared using numerical analysis. Recent increasing demands for high-performance computing have led to serious challenges in the thermal management of electronic devices. In addition to dangerous on-chip temperatures, heterogeneous integration and local regions of elevated temperatures (hotspots) lead to nonuniform chip-level temperature distributions. As a result, the lifespan and reliability of electronic devices are adversely impacted. Due to the limitation of the air-cooled heat sinks, several new methods, such as liquid-cooled microchannel cold plates are developed to remedy these challenges. The objective of this work is to provide a comparative numerical study of the effectiveness of different minichannel cold plate internal structures in the thermal management of a chip with a nonuniform power map and a hotspot. Cold plate thermal resistance, on-chip temperature uniformity, and pump power were the metrics used for this comparison. For four coolant inlet flow rates within the laminar regime, it is seen that increasing the inlet flowrate enhances the thermal resistance of all cold plate designs while creating less uniformity in chip-level temperature distribution relative to the conventional straight microchannels. Concentrating pin fins on the hotspot showed a 7.2% reduction in thermal resistance, despite increasing temperature nonuniformity by about 7.6%. However, it is observed that hotspot-focused pin fins are more effective in lowering the chip's maximum temperature. Obtaining lower chip-level nonuniformity may be possible by modifying the inlet and outlet conditions of the cold plates.
LinFlo-Net: A Two-Stage Deep Learning Method to Generate Simulation Ready Meshes of the Heart
Authors: Narayanan Arjun , Kong Fanwei , Shadden Shawn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a deep learning model to automatically generate computer models of the human heart from patient imaging data with an emphasis on its capability to generate thin-walled cardiac structures. Our method works by deforming a template mesh to fit the cardiac structures to the given image. Compared with prior deep learning methods that adopted this approach, our framework is designed to minimize mesh self-penetration, which typically arises when deforming surface meshes separated by small distances. We achieve this by using a two-stage diffeomorphic deformation process along with a novel loss function derived from the kinematics of motion that penalizes surface contact and interpenetration. Our model demonstrates comparable accuracy with state-of-the-art methods while additionally producing meshes free of self-intersections. The resultant meshes are readily usable in physics based simulation, minimizing the need for postprocessing and cleanup.
Numerical Simulation of Net Cage and an Alternative Method to Estimate the Remaining Volume
Authors: Tang Hung-Jie , Yeh Po-Hung , Yang Ray-Yeng , Nan Fan-Hua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The deformation caused by waves and current in an aquatic environment significantly impacts the remaining volume of a net cage. Its fluctuations in magnitude could pose a potential threat to the well-being of cultivated species. There is a critical need for a simple, cost-effective solution to monitor cage deformation in real-time. This study proposes a depth-based method, utilizing just two depth meters attached to the cages floating collar and tube sinker, to estimate the remaining volume. Compared to the experimental measurements from previous studies, this method demonstrates satisfactory accuracies. Under current-only and waves-current conditions, the estimation differences are around 11.6% and 23%, respectively. In contrast, when compared to commonly used volume-based methods, the differences are approximately 1.8% and 9.5%. Despite a tendency for overestimation when the mean cross-sectional area deviates from the original top or bottom area of the cage, this method remains a feasible alternative. Its practicality highlights its potential as an efficient means of monitoring cage deformation.
Experiment and Simulation on the Ferrofluid Boundary Deformation and Fluctuation Characters of a High-Speed Rotary Seal
Authors: Chen Yibiao , Yang Lei , Yao Yao , Li Decai , Jiang Yangyang , Lv Lixiang , Yao Jie , Ma Jing , Wang Changgeng , Zhang Hongsheng , Zhou Yuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A ferrofluid seal is a rotary seal widely used in the chemical industry, shipbuilding, aerospace, aviation, and other fields, demonstrating various advantages, such as high reliability, low wear, and low leakage rate. The reason for sealing is that the ferrofluid ring isolates the sealed gas from the atmosphere. Hence, boundary deformation and fluctuation are two significant factors to consider for the design of a ferrofluid seal. However, the ferrofluid boundary is wrapped in the shell and pole shoe, which poses a challenge in direct observation. In this paper, an experimental ferrofluid rotary seal device is presented, which can be used to monitor the boundary changes at different rotational speeds and pressure differences. According to the simulation result, the boundary fluctuation affects the pressure transfer and causes the sealing performance to deteriorate. The ferrofluid boundary obtained through the experiment is essential for an in-depth investigation into the rotary seal failure mechanism for improving the design of the ferrofluid rotary seal.
Genetic complexity alters drug susceptibility of asexual and gametocyte stages of
Plasmodium falciparum
to antimalarial candidates
Authors: Greyling Nicola , van der Watt Mariëtte , Gwarinda Hazel , van Heerden Ashleigh , Greenhouse Bryan , Leroy Didier , Niemand Jandeli , Birkholtz Lyn-Marié 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Malaria elimination requires interventions able to target both the asexual blood stage (ABS) parasites and transmissible gametocyte stages of
Plasmodium falciparum
. Lead antimalarial candidates are evaluated against clinical isolates to address key concerns regarding efficacy and to confirm that the current, circulating parasites from endemic regions lack resistance against these candidates. While this has largely been performed on ABS parasites, limited data are available on the transmission-blocking efficacy of compounds with multistage activity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of lead antimalarial candidates against both ABS parasites and late-stage gametocytes side-by-side, against clinical
P. falciparum
isolates from southern Africa. We additionally correlated drug efficacy to the genetic diversity of the clinical isolates as determined with a panel of well-characterized, genome-spanning microsatellite markers. Our data indicate varying sensitivities of the isolates to key antimalarial candidates, both for ABS parasites and gametocyte stages. While ABS parasites were efficiently killed, irrespective of genetic complexity, antimalarial candidates lost some gametocytocidal efficacy when the gametocytes originated from genetically complex, multiple-clone infections. This suggests a fitness benefit to multiclone isolates to sustain transmission and reduce drug susceptibility. In conclusion, this is the first study to investigate the efficacy of antimalarial candidates on both ABS parasites and gametocytes from
P. falciparum
clinical isolates where the influence of parasite genetic complexity is highlighted, ultimately aiding the malaria elimination agenda.