bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of tetracycline by heat/peroxymonosulfate and ultrasound/peroxymonosulfate systems: performance and kinetics
Authors: Deng Huan , Jin Yu , Yan Bojiao , Jiang Yi , Yang Shenggang , Song Tiehong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In recent decades, water pollution caused by emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, has attracted much attention. Antibiotics are commonly used pharmaceuticals, and their residue in water may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance genes, which can produce resistance to the treatment of diseases. In this study, two energy-based systems, heat/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and ultrasound (US)/PMS were chosen to treat the typical antibiotic tetracycline (TC) in water. The influencing factors and kinetic equations of TC degradation by heat/PMS and US/PMS were investigated and the rates of TC degradation by the two systems were compared. The results showed that the optimal PMS concentration required for TC degradation in both systems was 0.3 mM, and neither system was affected by solution pH. The power of the US in the US/PMS system was as important as the temperature in the heat/PMS system because they provided activation energy. Both heat and US could activate PMS to degrade TC, and US was slightly superior with 80% TC removal under the conditions of [TC] = 20 mg/L, [PMS] = 0.3 mM, pH = 6.4, T = 20 °C, and US power = 550 W. US is considered to be more advantageous in activating PMS to degrade TC.
miR-26a is a Key Therapeutic Target with Enormous Potential in the
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Human Disease
Authors: Guan Wei , Chen Yan , Fan Yan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) belongs to small non-coding regulatory RNA
molecules emerging as fundamental post-transcriptional regulators inhibiting gene expression
that plays vital roles in various processes of human diseases such as depression,
renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, liver injury and some refractory cancer. In this review,
we expound on the results of studies about miR-26a with emphasis on its function
in animal models or in vitro cell culture to simulate the most common human disease in
the clinic. Furthermore, we also illustrate the underlying mechanisms of miR-26a in
strengthening the antitumor activity of antineoplastic drugs. Importantly, dysregulation
of miR-26a has been related to many chronic and malignant diseases, especially in neurological
disorders in the brain such as depression and neurodegenerative diseases as
well as cancers such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and so on.
It follows that miR-26a has a strong possibility to be a potential therapeutic target for
the treatment of neurological disorders and cancers. Although the research of miRNAs
has made great progress in the last few decades, much is yet to be discovered, especially
regarding their underlying mechanisms and roles in the complex diseases of humans.
Consequently, miR-26a has been analyzed in chronic and malignant diseases, and we
discuss the dysregulation of miR-26a and functional roles in the development and pathogenesis
of these diseases, which is very helpful for understanding their mechanisms as
new biomarkers for diagnosing and curing diseases in the near future.
Jeduxiaoliu Formula can Induce Apoptosis of Lymphoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Feng XiaoWei , Hu Ming , Wei Cong Ming , Zhang Hong Yu , Jiang Wen Wen , Hu Qi 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Lymphoma is the most common malignancy of the haematological system.
Jeduxiaoliu formula (JDXLF) exerts good therapeutic effects against lymphoma, however, the
mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate
the mechanism of action of JDXLF.

Methods:
RNA-Seq was performed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic
effects of JDXLF against lymphoma. CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the effects
of JDXLF on the proliferation of lymphoma cells. Electron microscopy was performed to examine
the morphology of lymphoma cells. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the apoptosis and
cell cycle of lymphoma cells. qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression
of apoptotic genes and proteins. In vivo, the tumour-suppressive effect of JDXLF on lymphoma
transplanted tumours was examined by establishing a subcutaneous transplantation tumour model
in nude mice, and the expression of apoptotic proteins in tumour tissues was analysed via immunohistochemical
staining.

Results:
RNA-Seq revealed 71, 350 and 620 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 1
mg/mL, 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL JDXLF treatment groups, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis
showed that the DEGs were significantly associated with apoptosis, TNF signalling and NF-κB
signalling. In vitro experiments revealed that JDXLF inhibited the proliferation of lymphoma (Raji
and Jeko-1) cells in a dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression
of Bax/Bcl2 and caspase3. In vivo experiments revealed that JDXLF had a significant tumourshrinking
effect on mice and increased the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins caspase3
and Bax/Bcl2.

Conclusions:
This study indicates that JDXLF can induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells in vitro
and in vivo. We suggest this may provide a direction for further research into lymphoma therapy
The Effect and Mechanism of Fufang Banbianlian Injection in the Treatment of Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Chang Jiakai , Wu Lingling , Tang Lifeng , Peng Fei , He Jiayi , Ni Huiming , Liu Jiaona , Li Shuang , Duan Shuwei , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) is an important cause
of chronic kidney disease. Abnormal proliferation of mesangial cells and immune-inflammatory
response are its important pathological manifestations. Currently, there is no ideal treatment for
this disease. Fufang Banbianlian Injection (FBI) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immuneenhancing
effects, and is mostly used for the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, and respiratory
tract infections in children.

Methods:
A rat model of MsPGN was established and treated with FBI. The efficacy was tested
through pathological experiments and urine protein quantification. Network pharmacology methods
were used to predict the signaling pathways and key proteins that exert the efficacy of FBI,
and were screened through molecular docking experiments. The active substances that work were
verified through cell experiments.

Results:
The results confirmed that intervention with FBI can inhibit the proliferation of glomerular
cells and reduce the infiltration of macrophages, thereby reducing the pathological damage of
rats with mesangial proliferative nephritis; it has been found to have an obvious therapeutic effect.
Molecular docking results have shown kaempferol (Kae), the main component of FBI, to
have a good affinity for key targets. The results of in vitro verification experiments showed that
FBI and its active ingredient Kae may play a therapeutic role by regulating the NF-κB signaling
pathway in mesangial cells, inhibiting its activation and the secretion of proinflammatory
cytokines.

Conclusion:
Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification,
it was confirmed that FBI and its active ingredient Kae can reduce the molecular mechanism of
pathological damage of MsPGN by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and providing potential
therapeutic drugs for the treatment of this disease.
Preparation, Swelling, and Drug Release Studies of Chitosan-based
Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Buspirone Hydrochloride
Authors: Suhail Muhammad , Fang Chih-Wun , Chiu I-Hui , Ullah Hamid , Lin I-Ling , Tsai Ming-Jun , Wu Pao-Chu 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Buspirone is used for the management of depression and anxiety disorders.
Due to its short half-life and low bioavailability, it requires multiple daily doses and is associated
with some side effects.

Aim:
This study aimed to develop chitosan-based hydrogels as drug-controlled release carriers.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels as controlled release
carriers in order to overcome the side effects of buspirone HCl and improve patients' compliance
and their life quality.

Methods:
Polymer chitosan was polymerized with two monomers, acrylic acid and itaconic acid,
to synthesize pH-sensitive hydrogel. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed
to confirm the structure formation and thermal stability. Water penetration capability and
loading of the drug were performed by porosity and drug loading studies. The swelling and dissolution
tests were performed to analyze the pH-sensitive nature of the developed hydrogels.

Results:
FTIR, TGA, and DSC demonstrated that the chitosan-based hydrogels were successfully
prepared. An increase in water penetration and drug loading into the hydrogel network was
seen with the high incorporation of chitosan, acrylic acid, and itaconic acid. The swelling and
dissolution studies revealed that prepared hydrogel offered the greatest swelling and drug release
at a high pH of 7.4. The swelling and drug release from the hydrogel were affected by the concentrations
of the incorporated contents. A controlled release of the drug was achieved by using
chitosan-based hydrogel as a delivery carrier compared to commercial tablets of buspirone.

Conclusion:
The results showed that the developed chitosan-based hydrogel can be considered
one of the most suitable drug carrier systems for the controlled delivery of buspirone.
TPGS-modified Chitosan Nanoparticles of EGFR Inhibitor: Physicochemical and In vitro Evaluation against HepG2 Cell Lines
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Alka  , Shukla Prashant , Wen Zhi-Hong , Ko Chou-Yuan , Vinayagam Ramachandran 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Gefitinib (GFN) is an Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitor,
and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved medication to treat lung cancer. However,
this investigation aimed to produce and characterize Gefitinib (GFN)-loaded chitosan and soy lecithin
nanoparticles (NPs) modified with D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate mono ester
(TPGS) and assess their therapeutic potential against HepG2 liver cell lines.

Methods:
Chitosan, a cationic polymer with biocompatible and biodegradable properties, was combined
with soy lecithin to develop the NPs loaded with GFN using a self-organizing ionic interaction
methodology.

Results:
The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were found to be 59.04±4.63 to 87.37±3.82%
and 33.46±3.76 to 49.50±4.35%, respectively, and results indicated the encapsulation of GEN in NPs.
The pH of the formulations was observed between 4.48-4.62. Additionally, all the prepared NPs
showed the size and PDI range of 89.2±15.9 nm to 799.2±35.8 nm and 0.179±0.065 to 0.455±0.097,
respectively. The FTIR bands in optimized formulation (GFN-NP1) indicated that the drug might be
contained within the NP's core. The SEM photograph revealed the spherical shape of NPs. The kinetic
release model demonstrated the combination of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. The IC50 value
of GFN and GFN-NP1 formulation against the HepG2 cell lines were determined and found to be
63.22±3.36 μg/ml and 45.80±2.53 μg/ml, respectively. DAPI and PI staining agents were used to
detect nuclear morphology.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the optimized GFN-NP1 formulation successfully internalized and
inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells. Hence, it can be concluded that the prepared NPs can be a new
therapeutic option for treating liver cancer.
Discovery of the Aminated Quinoxalines as Potential Active Molecules
Authors: Bener Sedef , Bayrak Nilüfer , Mataracı-Kara Emel , Yıldız Mahmut , Sever Belgin , Çiftçi Halilibrahim , Tuyun Amaç Fatih 
Published: January 2024

Background:
In recent years, as the biological activity of the quinoxaline skeleton has
been revealed in numerous studies, interest in synthesizing new prototype molecules for the treatment
of many chronic diseases, especially cancer, has increased.

Methods:
The desired alkoxy substituted aminoquinoxalines (AQNX1-9) were synthesized by the
reaction of QNX and alkoxy substituted aryl amines such as 2-methoxyaniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 2-
ethoxyaniline, 3-ethoxyaniline, 4-ethoxyaniline, 4-butoxyaniline, 2,4-dimethoxyaniline, 3,4-
dimethoxyaniline, and 3,5-dimethoxyaniline according to the previously published procedure. QNX
was aminated in DMSO at 130°C. We synthesized various alkoxy-substituted aminoquinoxaline
compounds (AQNX1-9) and evaluated their anticancer and antimicrobial activities in order to expand
the search to related structures. In particular, two aminoquinoxaline (AQNX5 and AQNX6)
compounds, coded as NSC D-835971/1 and NSC D-835972/1 by the National Cancer Institute in the
USA, were screened for anticancer screening at a dose of 10-5 M on a full panel of 60 human cell
lines obtained from nine human cancer cell types (leukemia, melanoma, non-small cell lung, colon,
central (nervous system, ovarian, kidney, prostate, and breast cancer).

Results:
Further in silico studies were also conducted for the compound AQNX5 (NSC D-
835971/1), which was found to be the most active antiproliferative agent, especially against leukemia
cell lines. Molecular docking studies showed that AQNX5 interacted with Glu286 and Lys271
through hydrogen bonding and π-stacking interaction in the ATP binding region of Abl kinase,
which is indicated as a potential target of leukemia. Besides, AQNX5 occupied the minor groove of
the double helix of DNA via π-stacking interaction with DG-6.

Conclusion:
According to in silico pharmacokinetic determination, AQNX5 was endowed with
drug-like properties as a potential anticancer drug candidate for future experiments. In the light of
these findings, more research will focus on aminated quinoxalines' ability to precisely target leukemia
cancer cell lines.
Metal-organic Frameworks: Emerging Luminescent Sensors
Authors: Sahu Meman , Sharma Vanshika , Patra Goutam Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a crystalline material, are a new type of inorganicorganic
hybrid material. MOFs are of great interest to researchers in chemistry and material science
due to their various chemical and physical properties, and features include their remarkable surface
area, high porosity, flexibility, structural variety, flexibility, extreme porosity, a large surface area,
augmented adsorption/desorption kinetics, biocompatibility and functional tunability. MOFs are
multi-dimensional crystals and have extended net-like frameworks from molecular building units
such as inorganic metal nodes and organic linkers. The structurally diverse MOFs have found applications
in chemical sensing and several other fields, such as energy applications, biomedicine, and
catalysis. Numerous researchers from other fields have been drawn to this topic by the intrinsic potential
to absorb gas molecules, which has led to the applications of gas storage and heterogeneous
catalysis. Because of their low framework density, open metal sites for interaction, adjustable pore
size, fast response with high sensitivity and selectivity, and real-time monitoring, luminescent metalorganic
frameworks, or LMOFs, have piqued the interest of a large scientific community as a promising
candidate for sensor applications. A number of characteristics, including non-toxicity, biodegradability,
and reasonably priced, varied functionality, are important factors in the use of MOFs in
chemo- and biosensing. MOFs can be very promising candidates as selective and sensitive
chemosensors for the detection of cations, anions, small molecules, gases and explosives. In this
manuscript, we address recent research advances in the use of metal-organic-framework-based luminescent
sensors for detecting some small molecules and various metal ions in aqueous biological and
environmental samples. A wide range of materials may be reached in the emerging field of synthetic
and material chemistry, thanks to the capacity to change the pore size and chemically functionalize
its nature without changing its architecture.
Label-free Electrochemical Nanobiosensors Using Au-SPE for COVID-19
Detection: A Comparative Review of Different Biomarkers and Recognition
Elements
Authors: Kangarshahi Babak Mikaeeli , Naghib Seyed Morteza 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
An immediate and precise diagnosis is required due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Labelfree
electrochemical biosensors show promise as potentially valuable instruments for detecting
COVID-19. These biosensors are distinguished by their lack of complexity, high speed, sensitivity,
and relatively low cost. The precise COVID-19 biomarkers may be recognized without labeling or
amplification by detecting the electrical signal created by direct contact between the target analyte
and the identification element positioned on the electrode surface. This can be done by placing the
electrode in contact with the target analyte, which will amplify the signal. It has been shown that
using gold screen printed electrodes, also known as Au SPE, is beneficial when used as an electrode
material in label-free electrochemical biosensors. This review study examines and contrasts the performance
of several label-free electrochemical biosensors that use Au SPE to detect COVID-19. The
merits and limitations of each biosensor will also be discussed. These biosensors use recognition
components like DNA, RNA, antibody, aptamer, and MIP and depend on various indicators, such as
viral RNA, viral protein, and host antibody. In addition, an analysis of the difficulties and possibilities
that may present within this burgeoning subject is carried out. This includes the enhancement of
sensor selectivity and stability, optimizing sensor manufacture and design, integrating the sensor
with portable readout equipment, and validating the sensor's effectiveness via the use of genuine
clinical samples. It can be reasoned out that label-free electrochemical biosensors that make use of
gold screen-printed electrodes (Au SPE) have a significant amount of potential for the detection of
COVID-19. However, further study is required to address various difficulties, improve their dependability,
and broaden the range of applications for these technologies.
Natural Flavonoids: Fortifying Renal Defence Mechanism
Authors: Jain Tanya , Singh Manish Pal , Gohil Kashmira J. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The kidneys, intricate organs responsible for maintaining fluid and electrolyte
balance, are susceptible to damage from diverse nephrotoxic insults, including drugs, toxins,
and metabolic disorders. In recent years, flavonoids, bioactive compounds abundant in fruits,
vegetables, and herbal extracts, have emerged as promising candidates for renal protection due to
their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods:
We have collected the data that supported this idea to conduct a comprehensive review
by using scientific databases, such as Pub Med ®, ScienceDirect ®, Google Scholar ®, and
MEDLINE ®. An attempt was made to refer to all English-language articles published between
2000 to 2020 using keywords like flavonoids potential in nephrotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
treatment approaches with herbal remedies.

Conclusion:
This comprehensive review delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying the
reno-protective effects of flavonoids. By scavenging reactive oxygen species, inhibiting inflammatory
mediators, and modulating intracellular signalling pathways, flavonoids can mitigate oxidative
stress and inflammation, thereby preserving renal function and integrity. Preclinical studies
have demonstrated the potential of specific flavonoids in ameliorating drug-induced nephrotoxicity,
renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetic nephropathy, and other kidney diseases.
Furthermore, epidemiological evidence highlights the inverse relationship between flavonoid intake
and the risk of developing kidney diseases. Nevertheless, understanding the molecular
mechanisms of flavonoids in nephroprotection offers exciting prospects for developing novel
therapeutic strategies to combat kidney diseases and promote kidney health.
Design, Synthesis, and In vitro Anti-cervical Cancer Activity of a Novel MDM2-p53
Inhibitor Based on a Chalcone Scaffold
Authors: Alimujiang Yusupuwajimu , Maimaiti Aikebaier , Ablise Mourboul , Yang Zheng , Liu Zhengye , Wang Yu , Mutalipu Zuohelaguli , Yan Tong 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Several novel fluorinated chalcone derivatives were synthesized, and their in vitro anticervical
cancer activity and mechanism of action were investigated using the parent nucleus of licorice chalcone
as the lead compound backbone and MDM2-p53 as the target.

Methods:
In this study, 16 novel chalcone derivatives (3a–3r) were designed and synthesized by molecular docking
technology based on the licorice chalcone parent nucleus as the lead compound scaffold and the cancer apoptosis
regulatory target MDM2–p53. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR,
and HR-ESI-MS. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the proliferation of three human cervical cancer cell
lines (SiHa, HeLa, and C-33A) and two normal cell lines (H8 and HaCaT) were determined by MTT assay, and
the initialstructure–activity relationship was analyzed. Transwell and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the
effects of target compounds on the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion, apoptosis induction, and cell
cycle arrest. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) were used to
detect the effects of candidate compounds on mRNA, p53, and Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein expression.
The binding characteristics of the target compounds to the MDM2 protein target in the p53–MDM2 pathway
were evaluated by molecular docking technology.

Results:
The target compounds had considerable inhibitory activity on the proliferation of three cervical cancer
cell lines. Among them, compound 3k (E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)
prop-2-en-1-one) showed the highest activity against HeLa cells (IC50=1.08 μmol/L), which was better than that
of the lead compound Licochalcone B, and 3k showed lower toxicity to both normal cells. Compound 3k strongly
inhibited the migration and invasion of HeLa cells and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
Furthermore, compound 3k upregulated the expression of p53 and BAX and downregulated the expression of
MDM2, MDMX, and BCL2. Moreover, molecular docking results showed that compound 3k could effectively
bind to the MDM2 protein (binding energy: −9.0 kcal/mol). These results suggest that the compounds may activate
the p53 signaling pathway by inhibiting MDM2 protein, which prevents cancer cell proliferation, migration,
and invasion and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells.

Conclusion:
This study provides a new effective and low-toxicity drug candidate from licochalcone derivatives
for treating cervical cancer.