bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband low‐profile wire‐patch antenna
Authors: Zaid L. , Staraj R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a wire‐patch air‐filled antenna, made up of two metallic stacked plates and center fed by a coaxial probe. This radiating element, which uses the original resonance phenomenon due to the presence of wires between the ground plane, the first and the second metallic stacked patches, has a wide bandwidth. This antenna also works like a short monopole for frequencies located below the fundamental cavity resonance mode, and close to the GSM frequency band. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 323–325, 2002.
Time‐domain CAD of dual‐mode HE11 dielectric resonator microwave filters
Authors: Weily Andrew R. , Mohan Ananda S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe CAD of dual‐mode HE11 dielectric resonator (DR) microwave filters is extended to include time‐domain methods. S‐parameters are computed for a four‐pole dual‐mode HE11 DR filter using the FDTD over both wide and narrow bandwidths, and are compared with measured values. The spurious suppression predicted using the FDTD agrees very well with the measured results, justifying the use of time‐domain CAD methods for dual‐mode DR filters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 6–11, 2001.
Characterization of antennas for mobile and wireless terminals in reverberation chambers: Improved accuracy by platform stirring
Authors: Rosengren Kent , Kildal Per‐Simon , Carlsson Charlie , Carlsson Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that the radiation efficiency of antennas can be measured in reverberation chambers. The measurement accuracy is known to be better the larger the size. The present paper shows that the measurement accuracy can be significantly improved by rotating the antenna under test. This is demonstrated in the 900 MHz GSM band by measurements in a reverberation chamber of dimensions 1.0 m×0.8 m×1.0 m. We refer to this new stirring method as platform stirring. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 391–397, 2001.
Cytodifferentiation and clinical outcome after chemotherapy and radiation therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)
Authors: Smith Lynn M. , Anderson James R. , Coffin Cheryl M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundSecond‐look surgery after therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) may yield prognostic information regarding tumor responsiveness to treatment. Favorable outcome is suggested by tumor cells which have undergone maturation (cytodifferentiation).ProcedureSpecimens from patients treated on Intergroup RMS Study‐IV (IRSG‐IV) were studied before and after treatment. All patients received chemotherapy and most received radiation therapy. Post‐treatment specimens were graded according to the quantity of tumor showing cytodifferentiation (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 =  extensive). Proliferative activity by MIB‐1, topoisomerase II‐alpha, and p53 protein expression were measured.Results19/31 cases from IRSG‐IV were adequate for analysis. Six out of nineteen patients failed therapy within 1.3 years of treatment. Grade 3 cytodifferentiation was present in 10 cases (2 BRMS, 8 ERMS)†E = embryonal; B = botryoid; A = alveolar.
; none failed therapy. Grade 2 cytodifferentiation was present in 5 cases (1 ERMS, 2BRMS, 2ARMS)†; 2 patients with ARMS failed therapy. Grade 0–1 cytodifferentiation was present in 4 cases (1 ERMS and 3 ARMS); all failed therapy. Proliferative activity by MIB‐1 and topoisomerase II‐alpha immunohistochemistry decreased or was unchanged after treatment for all ERMS/BRMS, and 4/5 cases of ARMS. p53 immunohistochemistry showed no consistent pattern of reactivity. Sparse persistent tumor cells were present in 9/10 ERMS, 3/4 BRMS, 5/5 ARMS.ConclusionsExtensive cytodifferentiation is more commonly seen in ERMS/BRMS compared with less evidence for cytodifferentiation in ARMS suggesting fundamentally different mechanisms of cellular response to therapy in RMS. Sparse persistent tumor cells in post treatment ERMS/BRMS specimens does not appear to affect outcome. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38:398–404. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular discrimination between relapsed and secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Proposal for an easy strategy
Authors: Szczepański Tomasz , Willemse Marja J. , Kamps Willem A. , van Wering Elisabeth R. , Langerak Anton W. , van Dongen Jacques J.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundDiscrimination between late relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and secondary ALL might be clinically important, because the former might still respond favorably to chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation, whereas secondary ALL is associated with poor prognosis.ProcedureWe present a pre‐B‐ALL patient in whom disease recurred 2 years after completion of treatment. Differences in cytomorphology and immunophenotyping raised a suspicion of secondary ALL. We performed detailed molecular studies of immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor genes for discrimination between relapsed and secondary ALL.ResultsSouthern blot analysis showed an oligoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene configuration at diagnosis and a monoclonal configuration at relapse. The size of one of the rearranged bands at relapse was identical to one of the faint rearranged bands at diagnosis. However, heteroduplex PCR analysis demonstrated that none of the clonal IGH gene rearrangements at diagnosis and at relapse was fully identical. Sequencing of several clonal PCR products revealed an identical DH6‐13↔JH6b junction shared by two different rearrangements at diagnosis and one rearrangement at relapse, thereby proving the clonal relationship between diagnosis and late relapse in this patient.ConclusionsWe propose a stepwise molecular approach for discrimination between relapsed and secondary ALL based on the rapid and cheap heteroduplex PCR technique, including mixing of clonal (homoduplex) PCR products identified at diagnosis and at relapse. Direct sequencing and comparative sequence analysis of IGH gene rearrangements at diagnosis and at relapse should be regarded as an ultimate standard, but can be limited to the rare cases, in which no identical clonal PCR products at diagnosis and at relapse were detected with the mixed heteroduplex PCR analyses. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:352–358, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of cryopreservation of mouse embryos and in vitro fertilization on genotypic frequencies in colonies
Authors: Goto Kazuo , Muguruma Kaori , Kuramochi Takashi , Shimozawa Nobuhiro , Hioki Kyoji , Itoh Toshio , Ebukuro Michi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) on genotypic frequencies in mouse colonies, genotypic frequencies at 15 biochemical, 4 immunological and 20 microsatellite loci were examined in three colonies of MCH (ICR) mice derived from noncryopreserved embryos obtained by natural mating without the induction of superovulation, cryopreserved embryos obtained by natural mating with the induction of superovulation, and cryopreserved embryos obtained by the induction of superovulation and IVF. Three (Pgm‐1, Ldr‐1 and Hbb) out of the 15 biochemical loci, two (Thy‐1 and H2K) out of four immunological loci and five (D5Mit18, D6Mit15, D12Mit5, D13Mit26, and D14Mit7) out of 20 microsatellite loci that showed polymorphisms in every colony were used for detection of genotypic frequencies. The genotypic frequencies of the loci in the three colonies did not differ from the predicted genotypic frequencies (P > 0.05). The results suggested that genetic drift does not occur among colonies established from treated and untreated embryos, and it was clear that the embryo banking by cryopreservation is suitable for preservation of outbred stock without genetic drift. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 307–311, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast maximum intensity projection algorithm using shear warp factorization and reduced resampling
Authors: Fang Laifa , Wang Yi , Qiu Bensheng , Qian Yuancheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMaximal intensity projection (MIP) is routinely used to view MRA and other volumetric angiographic data. The straightforward implementation of MIP is ray casting that traces a volumetric data set in a computationally expensive manner. This article reports a fast MIP algorithm using shear warp factorization and reduced resampling that drastically reduced the redundancy in the computations for projection, thereby speeding up MIP by more than 10 times. Magn Reson Med 47:696–700, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Background suppression using magnetization preparation for contrast‐enhanced MR projection angiography
Authors: Bos Clemens , Bakker Chris J.G. , Viergever Max A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn contrast‐enhanced MR projection angiography, vessel conspicuity is determined by the T1‐weighted signal difference between blood and surrounding tissues. For slice‐selective excitation pulses, the excitation angle varies across the slice, leading to poor saturation of the background signal at the slice edge and reducing the blood‐background signal difference. This work reports on the use of magnetization preparation to enhance the T1‐weighted contrast between blood and background tissue. Applying the prepulse nonselectively reduces the influence of the slice profile imperfections of the excitation pulse by keeping the background tissue at the slice edge saturated. Analytical calculations and in vitro experiments show that a prepulse angle of 110°–130° and a delay time of 20–25 ms enhance the contrast between contrast‐enhanced blood (T1 < 50 ms) and background tissues (T1 > 200 ms), and improve the slice weighting profile. Magnetization preparation is shown to effectively suppress signal from background tissue, resulting in a threefold increase of the vessel‐to‐background signal ratio. Magnetization preparation eliminates the need for subtraction at the cost of a slight increase in scan time. Possible applications, such as projection MRA, detection of contrast arrival, and test‐bolus tracking are demonstrated in a pig model. Magn Reson Med 46:78–87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR perfusion imaging using encapsulated laser‐polarized 3He
Authors: Callot Virginie , Canet Emmanuelle , Brochot Jean , Viallon Magalie , Humblot Hubert , Briguet André , Tournier Hervé , Crémillieux Yannick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work, the use of a new carrier agent for intravascular laser‐polarized 3He imaging is reported. Lipid‐based helium microbubbles were investigated. Their average diameter of
3 μm, which is smaller than that of the capillaries, makes it possible to conduct in vivo studies. The NMR relaxation parameters T1, T2, and T of a microbubble suspension were measured as 90 s, 300 ms, and 4.5 ms, respectively, and in vivo images of encapsulated 3He with signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) larger than 30 were acquired. Dynamic cardiac images and vascular images of encapsulated 3He were obtained in rats using intravenous injections of microbubble suspensions. Excellent preservation of 3He polarization through the lung capillaries and heart cavities was observed. The first images of 3He microbubble distributions in the lungs were obtained. Additionally, the potential of this technique for lung perfusion assessment was validated through an experimental embolism model with the visualization of perfusion defects. Magn Reson Med 46:535–540, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D MR angiography of intratumoral vasculature using a novel macromolecular MR contrast agent
Authors: Kobayashi Hisataka , Sato Noriko , Kawamoto Satomi , Saga Tsuneo , Hiraga Akira , Ishimori Takayoshi , Konishi Junji , Togashi Kaori , Brechbiel Martin W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNoninvasive methods to visualize blood flow in the intratumoral vasculature have not previously been studied. In the present study, the use of a novel intravascular MR contrast agent with a generation‐6 polyamidoamine dendrimer core (G6‐(1B4M‐Gd)192; MW: 175kD) was investigated, and the vasculature in experimental tumors was visualized using 3D MR angiography (MRA). Xenografted tumors in nude mice of two different histologies—KT005 (human osteogenic sarcoma) and LS180 (human colon carcinoma)—were used to obtain 3D MRA using G6‐(1B4M‐Gd)192 and Gd‐DTPA. The contrast MR sectional images were correlated with the corresponding histological sections. The intratumoral vasculature in the KT005 tumor was clearly visualized by 3D MRA, which became more evident with the growth of the tumor xenograft. In contrast, the intratumoral vasculature in the LS180 tumor was sparser and much less developed than that in KT005 tumors. Blood vessels with a diameter as small as 100 μm based on histology were visualized using 0.033 mmol Gd/kg of G6‐(1B4M‐Gd)192. In conclusion, intratumoral vasculature with a 100‐μm diameter was visualized better using 3D MRA with G6‐(1B4M‐Gd)192 than with Gd‐DTPA. Magn Reson Med 46:579–585, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved viability of latissimus dorsi muscle grafts after electrical prestimulation
Authors: Woo Edwin B.C. , Tang Augustine T.M. , Jarvis Jonathan C. , Hasleton Philip S. , Salmons Stanley , Hooper Timothy L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSurgical mobilization of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) produces fiber degeneration, particularly in the distal part of the graft, that may compromise its function in clinical applications such as dynamic cardiomyoplasty. In five rats, the left LDM was stimulated continuously at 10 HZ. After 5 weeks, vessels perforating the chest wall were divided and the left LDM was mobilized as a pedicle graft based on the thoracodorsal artery. Twenty‐four hours later, animals were killed and left and right LDMs were incubated with the vital stain nitroblue tetrazolium. Five control rats underwent a similar procedure without prestimulation. Mobilization of the LDM resulted in a loss of viability in the distal third of the muscle graft. This was reduced significantly by prestimulation (P = 0.006). Blood flow to the distal LDM graft is known to be augmented by electrical stimulation in situ before mobilization; the present results show that there is an associated enhancement of viability. The clinical implications of this finding are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Sensory nerve conduction deficit in experimental monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) neuropathy
Authors: Lawlor Michael W. , Richards Michael P. , Fisher Morris A. , Stubbs Evan B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn emerging body of evidence from in vitro studies and in vivo animal models supports a pathogenic role of antibodies in the development of peripheral neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Although the assessment of motor and sensory nerve fiber function is of clinical importance, it is seldom applied experimentally. We describe the application of an electrophysiologic method for the evaluation of motor and sensory nerve fiber function using an experimental model of MGUS neuropathy. Supramaximal stimulation of the tibial nerve elicited an early motor response (M‐wave, 1.7 ± 0.1 ms, n = 10) and a late sensory (H‐reflex, 7.8 ± 0.1 ms, n = 10) response that was recorded from the hind foot of anesthetized rats. Intraneural injection of serum antibodies from a MGUS patient with sensorimotor polyneuropathy, but not from an age‐matched control subject, produced a marked attenuation of the H‐reflex (P < 0.01, n = 10) without affecting the M‐wave. Light and electron microscopy of affected nerve showed myelinoaxonal degeneration with sparing of the smaller unmyelinated nerve fibers. The combined electrophysiologic and morphologic findings presented in this study are consistent with a selective sensory conduction deficit in MGUS neuropathy. Selective injury of afferent nerve fibers by this patient's serum antibodies may result from reactivity to neural antigens uniquely expressed by sensory neurons. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 809–816, 2001
Finite element modelling of thick plates on two‐parameter elastic foundation
Authors: Buczkowski Ryszard , Torbacki Witold 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper is intended to give some information about how to build a model necessary for bending analysis of rectangular and circular plates resting on a two‐parameter elastic foundation, subjected to combined loading and permitting various types of boundary conditions. The formulation of the problem takes into account the shear deformation of the plate and the surrounding interaction effect outside the plate. The numerical model based on an 18‐node zero‐thickness isoparametric interface element interacting with a thick Reissner–Mindlin plate element with three degrees of freedom at each of the nine nodes, which enforce C0 continuity requirements for the displacements and rotations of the midsurface, is proposed. Stiffness matrices of a special interface element are superimposed on the global stiffness matrix to represent the stiffening elastic foundation under and beyond the plate. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the advantages of the method presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matlab code for sorting real Schur forms
Authors: Brandts J. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn Matlab 6, there exists a command to generate a real Schur form, wheras another transforms a real Schur form into a complex one. There do not exist commands to prescribe the order in which the eigenvalues appear on the diagonal of the upper (quasi‐) triangular factor T. For the complex case, a routine is sketched in Golub and Van Loan (Matrix Computations (3rd edn). The John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore and London, 1996), that orders the diagonal of T according to their distance to a target value τ. In this technical note, we give a Matlab routine to sort real Schur forms in Matlab. It is based on a block‐swapping procedure by Bai and Demmel (Linear Algebra and Its Applications 1993; 186: 73) We also describe how to compute a partial real Schur form (see Saad (Numerical methods for large eigenvalue problems. Manchester University Press: Manchester, 1992.)) in case the matrix A is very large. Sorting real Schur forms, both partially and completely, has important applications in the computation of real invariant subspaces. Copyright © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent absorbing boundary conditions for elastic wave propagation
Authors: Ju S. H. , Wang Y. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper develops a finite element scheme to generate the spatial‐ and time‐dependent absorbing boundary conditions for unbounded elastic‐wave problems. This scheme first calculates the spatial‐ and time‐dependent wave speed over the cosine of the direction angle using the Higdon's one‐way first‐order boundary operator, and then this operator is used again along the absorbing boundary in order to simulate the behaviour of unbounded problems. Different from other methods, the estimation of the wave speed and directions is not necessary in this method, since the wave speed over the cosine of the direction angle is calculated automatically. Two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical simulations indicate that the accuracy of this scheme is acceptable if the finite element analysis is appropriately arranged. Moreover, only the displacements along absorbing boundary nodes need to be set in this method, so the standard finite element method can still be used. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general complex variable boundary element method
Authors: Whitley R. J. , Hromadka T. V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe solution to any 2‐dimensional potential problem, with continuous data given on the boundary of a bounded domain with connected complement, can be approximated by sums

Re Σ cn f(αn z + z0),

where f is any preassigned non‐polynomial analytic function. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17:332–335, 2001
Eigenvalue analysis of a block Red‐Black Gauss–Seidel preconditioner applied to the Hermite collocation discretization of Poisson's equation
Authors: Brill Stephen H. , Pinder George F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article is concerned with the numerical solution of Poisson's equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions, defined on the unit square, discretized by Hermite collocation with uniform mesh. In [1], it was demonstrated that the Bi‐CGSTAB method of van der Vorst [2] with block Red‐Black Gauss–Seidel (RBGS) preconditioner is an efficient method to solve this problem. In this article, we derive analytic formulae for the eigenvalues that control the rate at which the Bi‐CGSTAB/RBGS method converges. These formulae, which depend upon the location of the collocation points, can be utilized to determine where the collocation points should be placed in order to make the Bi‐CGSTAB/RBGS method converge as quickly as possible. Furthermore, using the optimal location of the collocation points can result in significant time savings for fixed accuracy and fixed problem size. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 204–228, 2001
Computation of Morse decompositions for semilinear elliptic PDEs
Authors: Smiley Michael W. , Chun Changbum 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA numerical method for computing all solutions of an elliptic boundary value problem Au + g[u, λ] = 0 and their Morse indices as steady‐states of the parabolic problem ut + Au + g[u, λ] = 0 is presented. Morse decompositions are also determined. The method uses a finite element approach that is based on the method of alternative problems. Error estimates for the finite element approximations are verified and examples are given. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 290–312, 2001
Rickets and child abuse: the case of a two year old girl from the 4th century in Lisieux (Normandy)
Authors: Blondiaux Guillaume , Blondiaux Joël , Secousse Frédéric , Cotten Anne , Danze Pierre‐Marie , Flipo René‐Marc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe burial of a child of two years of age from the 4th century site of Lisieux‐Michelet (Calvados, France) was examined for bone hyperplasia and a variety of mechanical deformations recognized in association with skeletal trauma. Results of DNA analysis of bone using the PCR method identified this child as female. Microscopic features of the teeth (interglobular dentine) and a sample taken from the tibia conclusively determined that this child suffered from vitamin D‐resistant rickets and possibly X‐linked hypophosphataemic rickets as its most common form of occurrence. In addition, evidence for child abuse is suspected based on the presence of cranial and tooth fractures and the appearance of successive plaque‐like endocranial (meningeal) appositions. This is the first palaeopathological report of child abuse in antiquity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passive broadband reflector using photocrosslinkable liquid crystal molecules
Authors: Sixou P. , Gautier C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis work consists in creating passive optical filter reflecting light in a broadband wavelength with photo‐polymerizable mesogenic liquid crystal (LC) molecules from a reproducable method. The influence of several parameters was studied and it appears that reflective wavelength range can be modified by chiral agent concentration and/or temperature. Band broadening is influenced by several process parameters such as layer thickness, polymerization and dissolution times. A semi‐quantitative analysis allows the variation of conversion ratio as a function of polymerization and dissolution times to be determined. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.