bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the human Ly‐6 antigens, the newly annotated member Ly‐6K included, as molecular markers for head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Nooij‐van Dalen Arnolda G. , van Dongen Guus A.M.S. , Smeets Serge J. , Nieuwenhuis Eline J.C. , Stigter‐van Walsum Marijke , Snow Gordon B. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe E48 antigen is a successfully explored molecular marker for the diagnosis and therapy of HNSCC. The applicability of E48 as an HNSCC‐associated antigen, however, is restricted due to its heterogeneous expression in 30% of tumors; and identification of additional target antigens is therefore desired. E48 belongs to the Ly‐6 antigen family, comprising a group of highly homologous, low m.w., GPI‐anchored surface proteins, of which some show tissue‐restricted expression patterns. To identify novel human HNSCC‐associated Ly‐6 members with squamous cell‐associated expression patterns, we performed comprehensive gene‐screening consisting of BLAST searches within GenBank databases, followed by expression analysis. Using this approach, the Ly‐6K gene could be annotated as a novel member of the human Ly‐6 family. Expression of the human Ly‐6 genes E48, Ly‐6K, PSCA, GML,
RIG‐E, G6C and Ly‐6H was prescreened by qualitative RT‐PCR and subsequently analyzed by quantitative RT‐PCR in normal keratinocytes, HNSCC cell lines, normal mucosa, HNSCC tumors as well as normal peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. PSCA was highly expressed in normal mucosa, but 100‐fold decreased expression was seen in HNSCC. For Ly‐6H, GML and G6C, no or very low expression was observed in keratinocytes and HNSCC. Expression of RIG‐E was high in normal and malignant squamous cells and in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, thus limiting its applicability as an HNSCC‐associated marker. In contrast, besides the E48 gene, the Ly‐6K gene also appeared to be selectively expressed in HNSCC and normal squamous cells. Moreover, expression of Ly‐6K was shown in HNSCC cell lines, in which no E48 expression could be detected. These data justify further evaluation of Ly‐6K as potential target antigen for the diagnosis and therapy of HNSCC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of processing variables on texture development in a mica‐based glass–ceramic
Authors: Denry I. L. , Baranta G. , Holloway J. A. , Gupta P. K. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was primarily to determine the feasibility of heat‐pressing a mica‐based glass–ceramic with the use of commercially available dental equipment, and secondly to evaluate the effect of various processing variables on the degree of crystal alignment in the pressed glass–ceramic. The hypotheses were that the mica‐based glass–ceramic could be successfully heat‐pressed and that some degree of crystal orientation would be obtained, depending on the processing variables. The glass composition was melted at 1400 °C for 2 h and cast into 12 × 60‐mm rods. Ingots (10 × 12 mm) were cut from the glass rods, heat treated, and heat‐pressed under various conditions. The microstructure of the pressed specimens was investigated by SEM and compared to that of heat‐treated controls. The length of Vickers‐induced cracks was measured on heat‐pressed specimens and heat‐treated controls. The results showed that mica‐based glass‐ceramics could be successfully pressed with the use of commercially available dental equipment. The resulting degree of crystal alignment (texture) along the direction of pressing varied between 35 ± 6 and 79 ± 6. There was a linear relationship between the degree of texture and the apparent aspect ratio of the mica platelets. A significant decrease in the length of the Vickers‐induced cracks in the direction perpendicular to pressing was observed, associated with an increase in length in the direction of pressing. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 70–77, 2002
In vitro corrosion testing of modular hip tapers
Authors: Goldberg Jay R. , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe in vivo fretting behavior of modular hip prostheses was simulated to determine the effects of material combination and a unique TiN/AlN coating on fretting and corrosion at the taper interface. Fretting current, open‐circuit potential (OCP), and quantities of soluble debris were measured to determine the role of mechanically assisted crevice corrosion on fretting and corrosion of modular hip tapers. Test groups consisting of similar‐alloy (Co‐Cr‐Mo head/Co‐Cr‐Mo neck), mixed‐alloy (Co‐Cr‐Mo head/Ti‐6Al‐4V neck), and TiN/AlN‐coated mixed‐alloy modular hip taper couples were used. Loads required to initiate fretting were similar for all test groups and were well below loads produced by walking and other physical activities. Decreases in OCP and increases in fretting current observed during long‐term cyclic loading were indicative of fretting and corrosion. Current measured after cessation of cyclic loading suggests that once the conditions for crevice corrosion are established, corrosion can continue in the absence of loading. The chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical measurements, along with microscopic inspections of the taper surfaces indicate that the fretting and corrosion behavior of similar‐ and mixed‐alloy taper couples are similar and that the coated samples are more resistant to fretting and corrosion. The results of this study clearly indicate the role of mechanical loading in the corrosion process, and support the hypothesis of mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 78–93, 2003
Porous titanium‐nickel for intervertebral fusion in a sheep model: Part 2. Surface analysis and nickel release assessment
Authors: Assad M. , Chernyshov A. V. , Jarzem P. , Leroux M. A. , Coillard C. , Charette S. , Rivard C. H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPorous titanium‐nickel (PTN) devices represent an alternative to traditional cage implants. PTN materials possess an interconnecting network of pores with capillarity properties that may promote bone ingrowth, long‐term fixation, and intervertebral fusion without the need for bone grafting. However, their considerable surface area and nickel content may elicit concerns over sensitization potential. Therefore, PTN surface corrosion and nickel release resistance must be carefully studied. To evaluate this possibility, a PTN interbody fusion device (IFD) was compared to a conventional nonporous cage made of TiAlV, a well‐known biocompatible biomaterial, in a sheep model. PTN and TiAlV IFDs were inserted at two non‐contiguous lumbar sites for 3, 6, and 12 months postsurgery. Their surface was then evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with backscattered electron analysis (BSE). No evidence of surface corrosion was observed either pre‐ or postimplantation, regardless of device type. Dosage of nickel ions was also performed with the use of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Blood nickel levels were observed to be within acceptable levels at all postinstrumentation times. Nickel content in PTN‐adjacent tissue, as well as in detoxification and remote organs, was equivalent both in PTN‐treated and control sheep. Therefore, porous titanium‐nickel demonstrated resistance to both in vivo surface corrosion and nickel ion release and compared very well with a conventional titanium implant in the course of a 12‐month sheep study. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 121–129, 2003
Bone marrow stromal cells as a genetic platformfor systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins in vivo: human factor IX model
Authors: Krebsbach Paul H. , Zhang Kezhong , Malik Ajay K. , Kurachi Kotoku 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundHemophilia B is an X‐linked bleeding disorder that results from a deficiency in functional coagulation factor IX (hFIX). In patients lacking FIX, the intrinsic coagulation pathway is disrupted leading to a lifelong, debilitating and sometimes fatal disease.MethodsWe have developed an ex vivo gene therapy system using genetically modified bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as a platform for sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins into the general circulation. This model exploits the ability of BMSCs to form localized ectopic ossicles when transplanted in vivo. BMSCs were transduced with MFG‐hFIX, a retroviral construct directing the expression of hFIX. The biological activity of hFIX expressed by these cells was assessed in vitro and in vivo.ResultsTransduced cells produced biologically active hFIX in vitro with a specific activity of 90% and expressed hFIX at levels of ∼497 ng/106 cells/24 h and 322 ng/106 cells/24 h for human and porcine cells, respectively. The secretion of hFIX was confirmed by Western blot analysis of the conditioned medium using a hFIX‐specific antibody. Transduced BMSCs (8 × 106 cells per animal) were transplanted within scaffolds into subcutaneous sites in immunocompromised mice. At 1 week post‐implantation, serum samples contained hFIX at levels greater than 25 ng/ml. Circulating levels of hFIX gradually decreased to 11.5 ng/ml at 1 month post‐implantation and declined to a stable level at 6.1 ng/ml at 4 months.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that genetically modified BMSCs can continuously secrete biologically active hFIX from self‐contained ectopic ossicles in vivo, and thus represent a novel delivery system for releasing therapeutic proteins into the circulation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake of plasmid/glycosylated polymer complexes and gene transfer efficiency in differentiated airway epithelial cells
Authors: Fajac Isabelle , Thévenot Guiti , Bédouet Laurent , Danel Claire , Riquet Marc , Merten Marc , Figarella Catherine , Ava‐Santucci Josette Dall' , Monsigny Michel , Briand Pascale 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundWe have studied gene transfer efficiency of glycosylated polylysines and glycosylated polyethylenimines as vectors in immortalized differentiated airway gland serous cells and primary cultures of human airway surface epithelial cells.MethodsIn both cell types, lactosylated PEI was more efficient for gene transfer than unsubstituted PEI and lactosylated polylysine which requires the presence of endosomolytic agents. However, for all the vectors tested, gene transfer efficiency was lower in differentiated cells as compared with poorly differentiated cells. The presence of membrane lectins, i.e. cell surface sugar‐specific receptors, was evaluated using fluorescein‐conjugated neoglycoproteins and microscopy or flow cytometry. In differentiated airway surface epithelial cells, membrane lectins were not expressed and plasmid DNA/fluorescein‐conjugated glycosylated polymer complexes were not incorporated. This accounted in part for the lack of gene transfer efficiency in these cells. In contrast, in differentiated airway gland serous cells, expression of lectins and their endocytotic properties appeared to be similar to that observed in undifferentiated cells, and plasmid DNA/fluorescein‐conjugated glycosylated polymer complexes were incorporated in similar amounts by cells in both differentiated states.ResultsGlycosylated PEI appears to be a promising gene delivery system since it is more efficient than the sugar‐free polymer and does not require endosomolytic agents. However, in differentiated airway gland serous cells, a low gene transfer efficiency was observed that could not be attributed to low expression of membrane lectins or low uptake of glycosylated complexes. An impaired intracellular trafficking of glycosylated complexes in differentiated airway gland serous cells is suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upregulation of expression from the FRDA genomic locus for the therapy of Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Sarsero Joseph P. , Li Lingli , Wardan Hady , Sitte Karin , Williamson Robert , Ioannou Panos A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundFriedreich ataxia is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced expression of frataxin as a result of a GAA repeat expansion in the first intron of the FRDA gene. We report here the development of a sensitive cellular assay for frataxin expression from the intact FRDA locus that should facilitate the identification of potentially therapeutic pharmacological agents to treat Friedreich ataxia.MethodsPAC and BAC clones containing the entire human FRDA functional genomic sequence were identified and shown to express FRDA mRNA. The GET Recombination system was used to insert cassettes consisting of the gene encoding EGFP linked to a kanamycin/neomycin resistance determinant into a BAC clone containing the entire FRDA gene and surrounding regions.ResultsTwo in‐frame fusions between the FRDA gene and a gene coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were constructed. One fusion is within exon 2 of the FRDA gene. The other is at the end of exon 5a, containing the entire frataxin protein fused to EGFP. Both constructs were shown to drive the expression of EGFP from the regulatory elements of the FRDA locus, with the frataxin‐EGFP fusion proteins targeted to the mitochondria. Stable cell lines containing the EGFP fusion in exon 5a were produced. Enhancement of FRDA gene expression by hemin and butyric acid was demonstrated.ConclusionsExpression studies with FRDA‐EGFP fusion constructs will facilitate delineation of regulatory elements determining the tissue and developmental specificity of FRDA gene expression. These constructs should also facilitate screening for pharmacological compounds that can modulate the expression of the FRDA gene in a clinically relevant manner. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modified finite‐difference time‐domain method for analysing field‐to‐transmission line coupling of telecommunication system signals
Authors: Trakadas P.T. , Kouveliotis N.K. , Capsalis C.N. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA modified finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) code is presented for the line response characterization of a transmission line illuminated by a Gaussian pulse‐modulated electromagnetic signal. The final expressions are transformed according to the complex‐envelope representation in order to omit the high‐frequency carrier contribution and thus provide an accurate solution of the coupling phenomenon by avoiding the computational burden of the conventional FDTD algorithm. Comparison results between the conventional FDTD method and the modified one are presented, showing the advantages of the novel method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of HEMT non‐linear model extraction approaches based on small signal and on large signal measurements
Authors: Carmen Currás‐Francos M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper the extraction of a non‐linear model for a HEMT is undertaken by means of two different approaches. The first approach is the classical procedure that consists of using the small signal data to fully generate a non‐linear model. The second alternative is developed following a different tactics that uses directly the response of the device to a large signal stimulus. Both approaches are compared in terms of required extraction measurements and limits of application. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructural changes elicited by a non‐ablative wrinkle reduction laser
Authors: Omi Tokuya , Kawana Seiji , Sato Shigeru , Honda Mitsuyoshi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCosmeceuticals, chemical peels and collagen injections are used to rejuvenate skin, but none of these methods is effective or permanent. Recently, laser resurfacing has been found to be effective, but the incidence of side effects is relatively high. Two years ago, the non‐ablative wrinkle reduction laser (N‐Lite, ICN Photonics, UK) was developed, and there have been several reports about its clinical effectiveness. In this study, we have investigated ultrastructural changes elicited by exposure to the N‐Lite laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEight adult volunteers were recruited for this study. They were treated with the N‐Lite laser and 3‐mm skin punch biopsies were obtained 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 5 weeks after the laser exposure. These specimens were examined by electron microscopy.ResultsThree hours after the laser therapy, the capillaries showed endothelial cell edema with hemostasis and marked edema was observed around them. Neutrophils, monocytes and mast cells were observed in the extravascular dermis. These acute dermal inflammatory changes were observed until 1 week after the laser treatment. Two weeks after the laser treatment, the capillaries showed an almost normal structure, and dermal edema was not observed around them. New elastic fibers and collagen fibers had increased around the capillaries. Four weeks after the laser treatment, interstitial fibrosis was observed around the capillaries.ConclusionsN‐Lite laser irradiation leads to interstitial fibrosis, especially around the capillaries, 4 weeks after the laser irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:46–49,2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and diagnosis of oral cancer by light‐induced fluorescence
Authors: Ebihara Arata , Krasieva Tatiana B. , Liaw Lih‐Huei L. , Fago Sheri , Messadi Diana , Osann Kathryn , Wilder‐Smith Petra 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNew techniques for non‐invasive early detection and diagnosis of oral dysplasia and carcinoma are required. Our objective was to determine in the hamster cheek pouch model whether differentiation between the healthy tissue and the different stages of oral premalignancy and malignancy is possible using laser‐induced fluorescence after tissue exposure to 5‐Aminolevulinic acid (ALA).Study Design/Materials and MethodsDMBA carcinogenesis was applied to one cheek pouch in 18 hamsters for 0–20 weeks. Prior to sacrifice, 20% ALA was applied to the cheek tissues. Excised cheek tissues were cryosectioned and imaged using fluorescence microscopy with excitation at 405 nm, detection at 635 nm. After fluorescence measurement, H&E staining and histopathological evaluation were performed.ResultsFluorescence intensity was significantly lower in healthy tissue than in pathological tissues. Significantly higher intensities and more “fluorescence hot spots” occurred in severe dysplasia and carcinoma than in healthy tissue, hyperkeratosis, mild and moderate dysplasia.ConclusionsLight‐induced fluorescence after ALA exposure can differentiate between the different stages of premalignancy and malignancy. Its ability to differentiate between healthy tissue and early pathology is particularly interesting Lasers Surg. Med. 32:17–24,2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic study on vibrations during tooth preparations caused by high‐speed drilling and Er:YAG laser irradiation
Authors: Takamori Kazunori , Furukawa Hirohiko , Morikawa Yoshikatsu , Katayama Tadashi , Watanabe Shigeru 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn Er:YAG laser effectively removes dental hard substance, and causes less pain during tooth preparations than high‐speed drilling. This laser was introduced to eliminate the noise, vibration, pressure, and heat associated with the high‐speed drilling. However, the difference in tooth vibration caused by the Er:YAG laser and the high‐speed drill is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate tooth vibration obtained with the Er:YAG laser and high‐speed drill.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEach of the five extracted permanent upper first premolars were built up in a plaster box. In this study, a silicone impression material was selected to simulate periodontal tissue. The vibration speed was measured by using a laser Doppler vibrometer.ResultsThe Er:YAG laser irradiation energy was 50, 100, 145, 199, 300, and 350 mJ. As irradiation energy increased, vibration of the tooth also rose; a high‐correlation coefficient was observed between them. We found that only a small amount of the tooth vibration occurred with the Er:YAG laser preparations. The mean vibration speed and standard deviation with the laser were 166 ± 28 μm/second when the output energy was 145 mJ, whereas those with the high‐speed drill were 65 ± 48 mm/second. The frequency characteristic approached 230 Hz and 5 kHz, respectively.ConclusionsThese results show that the high‐speed drilling causes greater tooth vibration and has a frequency spectrum near the high sensitivity of hearing compared to the Er:YAG laser. This suggests a potential factor in provoking pain and displeasure during tooth preparation. Future study to examine the relationship of pain and amount of tooth vibration will be planned. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:25–31,2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral response for laser enhancement in hepatic regeneration for hepatectomized rats
Authors: Castro‐e‐Silva O. , Zucoloto S. , Marcassa L.G. , Marcassa J. , Kurachi C. , Melo C.A.S. , Ramalho F.S. , Ramalho L.N.Z. , Bagnato V.S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been widely used in all medical fields due to its therapeutic effects in reparative process, pain relief, and biostimulation. Even though there is a therapeutic window of wavelengths for clinical application, little has been done concerning the frequency spectrum response to biological effects. In this work, we investigate the dependence of different wavelengths irradiation in the enhancement of the tissue regeneration after partial hepatectomy in Wistar rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index and the respiratory control (oxygen consumption in extracted mitochondria) were the tests used to evaluate the liver regeneration after laser irradiation with different wavelengths.Results and ConclusionsThe results show a correlated spectral response that can be explained based on the combined effect of light penetration on biological tissues and the biomolecular excitation efficiency for each wavelength used. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:50–53,2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of chondrocyte viability after laser mediated reshaping: A novel application of flow cytometry
Authors: Rasouli Alexandre , Sun Chung‐Ho , Basu Reshmi , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLasers can be used to reshape cartilage by accelerating mechanical stress relaxation. In this study, fluorescent differential cell viability staining and flow cytometry were used to determine chondrocyte viability following laser heating.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPorcine septal cartilages were irradiated with an Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1.32 μm, 25 W/cm2) while surface temperature, stress relaxation, and diffuse reflectance were recorded. Each slab received one, two, or three laser exposures (respective exposure times of 6.7, 7.2, 10 seconds). Irradiated samples were then divided into two groups analyzed immediately and at 5 days following laser exposure. Chondrocytes were isolated following serial enzymatic digestion, and stained using SYTO®/DEAD Red™ (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). A flow cytometer was then used to detect differential cell fluorescence; size; granularity; and the number of live cells, dead cells, and post‐irradiation debris in each treatment population.ResultsNearly 60% of chondrocytes from reshaped cartilage samples isolated shortly after one irradiation, were viable while non‐irradiated controls were 100% viable. Specimens irradiated two or three times demonstrated increasing amounts of cellular debris along with a reduction in chondrocyte viability: 31 and 16% after two and three exposures, respectively. In those samples maintained in culture medium and assayed 5 days after irradiation, viability was reduced by 28–88%, with the least amount of deterioration in untreated and singly irradiated samples.ConclusionsFunctional fluorescent dyes combined with flow cytometric analysis successfully determines the effect of laser irradiation on the viability of reshaped cartilage. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:3–9,2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.