bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Prediction of the Dynamic Processes of Snow‐ and Ice‐Related Hazards in the Rangda Catchment, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wen Hong , Xia Zuqi , Bian Rui , Peng Junwen , Liu Bo , Zhao Siyuan , Li Xiaoning 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSnow‐ and ice‐related hazards pose significant threats in high‐altitude and high‐latitude regions, impacting natural environments and human infrastructure. Given their sensitivity to climate change, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of these hazards in the context of global warming to mitigate mountain disaster risk. This study focuses on the Rangda catchment along the CL (–Tibet) Railway on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, a region prone to various snow‐ and ice‐related hazards. Through field investigations, remote sensing analyses, and numerical simulations, we characterized the spatial distributions and potential impacts of snow, glaciers, and glacial lakes in the catchment. The catchment hosts 28 glaciers covering 53.05 km2 and five glacial lakes, with Zala Lake and Dalong Lake being prominent. Notably, Zala Lake has undergone significant expansion over the past three decades. The entire catchment is snow‐covered to varying depths during winter and spring, contributing to frequent snow avalanches and icefalls, particularly those originating from the Zangburi Glacier. These events have affected the makeshift road that is used for construction and pose a potential threat to the auxiliary tunnel exits and the Rangda Bridge. Although no current debris flows have been observed, the potential for glacial lake outburst floods exists due to ongoing climate warming and glacial retreat. Further simulations and exposure analyses indicate that the primary disaster‐causing patterns of snow‐ and ice‐related hazards in the catchment are snow avalanches, icefall–dam–outburst–debris chains, and glacial lake outburst debris flows. The study also examined the risks faced by engineering facilities along the ST railway in the catchment and proposes disaster reduction strategies. This research enhances the understanding of snow‐ and ice‐related hazards in the region and provides insights for disaster mitigation strategies along the ST Railway.
Progression of antibiotic resistance in
Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Rodriguez Emilio , Tzeng Yih-Ling , Berry Isha , Howie Rebecca , McNamara Lucy , Stephens David S. 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY

The human pathogen
Neisseria meningitidis
(
Nm
) is the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), usually presenting as meningitis, bacteremia, or sepsis. Unlike
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, antibiotic resistance in
Nm
has developed slowly. However, in the last two decades and with the reemergence of IMD following the COVID-19 pandemic, antibiotic-resistant
Nm
isolates, especially to penicillin and fluoroquinolones, have progressively increased. Recent worldwide studies of penicillin intermediate and resistant
Nm
isolates and the PubMLST global database reveal a notable increase in fully penicillin-resistant isolates since 2016, mediated by mosaic
penA
alleles or the β-lactamase genes
bla
ROB-1
and

bla
TEM-1

. Fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, mediated by
gyrA
mutations, have increased since 2005. Also, while still exceptionally rare, four
Nm
isolates have been identified with third-generation cephalosporin-resistance since 2011. We review the emergence of antibiotic resistance determinants and lineages in
Nm,
the resistance to agents previously or currently used in treatment or chemoprophylaxis, and summarize updated treatment and prevention guidelines for IMD. Special populations (e.g., individuals on complement inhibitors) and antibiotic resistance in
Nm
urethritis isolates are also reviewed. The increasing number of resistant
Nm
isolates worldwide affects chemoprophylaxis and treatment options for IMD and emphasizes the need for enhanced global surveillance of antibiotic resistance in
Nm
.
Molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis from culture-negative valve samples in a tertiary hospital in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Mohabbati Mobarez Ashraf , Broumand Mohammad Ali , Baseri Neda , Latifian Mina , Esmaeili Saber 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of
Tropheryma whipplei, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella, Brucella,
and
Francisella tularensis
in valve samples from endocarditis patients using the real-time PCR method at a major referral heart hospital in Iran. In this study, 146 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from the heart valves of patients with clinical and pathological evidence of infective endocarditis (IE), who underwent heart valve replacement surgery between 2016 and 2020 at Tehran Heart Center were collected. After DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded valve tissue samples, they were surveyed for the presence of
T. whipplei, C. psittaci, C. pneumoniae, Legionella, Brucella,
and
F. tularensis
using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used for accurate species identification. Based on the molecular results,
T. whipplei
,
Chlamydia
spp., and
Legionella
spp. were detected in 10 (6.84%), 6 (4.1%), and 3 (2.05%) valve samples, respectively. In addition, one of six positive samples for
Chlamydia
spp. was identified as
C. psittaci
. No positive samples for
F. tularensis
and
Brucella
were found. In addition, all control valve samples were negative for all investigated pathogens. The findings suggest that specific bacterial species such as
T. whipplei
,
Chlamydia spp.,
and
Legionella spp
. are associated with the development of IE. Considering the life-threatening nature of IE, it is critical for healthcare systems to prioritize the identification of its causative agents and develop targeted treatment strategies.

IMPORTANCE

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, and it is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and complications, making it a major concern in both global and national healthcare systems. Late diagnosis and failure to receive appropriate treatment for patients with culture-negative endocarditis caused by hard-to-grow bacteria can lead to the death of patients. Unfortunately, in Iran, less attention is paid to the role of organisms that are difficult to cultivate in laboratory settings such as
Tropheryma whipplei, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella, Brucella,
and
Francisella tularensis
in causing culture-negative endocarditis, and these pathogens are overlooked by infectious, cardiologists, and health officials. This study underscores the need for special attention in the diagnosis of the agents of IE.
Protocol for a randomised ‘screen-and-treat’Helicobacter pylorieradication trial in 14–18-years-old adolescents residing in three regions of Chile: effectiveness and microbiological host implications
Authors: George Sergio , Lucero Yalda , Cabrera Camila , Zabala Torres Beatriz , Fernández Lilian , Mamani Nora , Lagomarcino Anne , Aguilera Ximena , O'Ryan Miguel 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionGastric cancer is a major global health concern, being the final stage of a long-term process, primarily associated withHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection. Early childhood acquisition ofH. pyloriwith low spontaneous eradication rates underscores the need for preventive measures. Our previous pilot treatment study revealed high eradication rates, favourable tolerance profile and a decline in serum biomarkers indicative of gastric damage in asymptomatic school-aged children. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential benefit of a ‘screen-and-treat’ strategy targeting persistently infected, asymptomatic adolescents. Specific aims are to assess eradication efficacy, its clinical and molecular outcomes and potential clinical and microbiological side effects.Methods and analysisThe screening phase will involve testing 500–1000 asymptomatic adolescents aged 14–18 from three cities in Chile using the urea breath test (UBT) to identify 210 participants with persistent infection. They will proceed to a randomised, non-blinded, controlled trial, receiving either a sequential eradication scheme forH. pylorior no treatment. Follow-up will span up to 24 months post-treatment, involving UBT, gastroenterological assessments and blood and stool sample collections. Concurrently, a subset of 60 uninfected adolescents will undergo matched follow-up. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kits will evaluate gastric damage biomarkers in serum (pepsinogen I and II, gastrin-17, VCAM-1, CXCL13). Stool samples will be employed forEscherichia coliandEnterococcusspp—culture, assessing AMR via the disk diffusion method.H. pyloriclarithromycin resistance will be determined by molecular method from stool samples. The gut microbiome will be characterised by amplifying and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from stool samples, followed by bioinformatics analysis.Ethics and disseminationApproved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (073–2022). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings to guide future practices.Trial registration numberNCT05926804.
Effect of delivery hospital busyness on early mortality in small preterm infants: a Finnish population-based cohort study in 2006–2016
Authors: Vilkko Riitta , Heinonen Seppo , Räisänen Sari , Gissler Mika , Andersson Sture , Leskinen Markus 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of delivery hospital busyness on the postnatal condition and the perinatal mortality among small preterm infants born at ≤32+0 gestational weeks.DesignThe daily delivery volume distribution is defined as lowest 10% (‘quiet’) and highest 10% (‘busy’) delivery-volume days, and days between (80%) as optimal delivery-volume days. We analysed differences in the incidence of selected adverse outcomes between quiet and busy days compared with optimal delivery-volume days by logistic regression followed by crude (ORs) and adjusted ORs (aORs) with 99% CIs.SettingA population-based cohort study based on prospectively collected real-world data from five university hospitals and 21 non-tertiary-level delivery hospitals in Finland, 2006‒2016.Participants4323 small preterm infants.Primary outcome measuresUmbilical cord pH ≤7.05, Apgar score 0–3 points at the age of 1 min, Apgar score 0–3 points at age 5 min, birth asphyxia (International Classification of Diseases-10 code), resuscitation with intubation.Secondary outcome measuresPerinatal mortality comprising stillbirths and early neonatal deaths (<7 days).ResultsBusy days (busy vs optimal) showed no correlation with the primary birth-related outcomes. However, in the university hospitals, quiet days were associated with 80% lower odds of asphyxia (aOR 0.20, 99% CI 0.08 to 0.48) and 47% lower odds of resuscitation (aOR 0.53, 99% CI 0.39 to 0.72) compared with their incidence on optimal days.In university hospitals, the odds of early neonatal mortality among small preterm infants on busy days were twofold (aOR 2.08, 99% CI 1.26 to 3.45) than on optimal days. In the non-tertiary hospitals, however, this difference was statistically non-significant (aOR 0.68, 99% CI 0.19 to 2.45).ConclusionsIn the tertiary university delivery hospitals, busyness was associated with a twofold increase in early neonatal mortality among small preterm infants, whereas infants’ condition at birth on busy days was comparable to their condition on optimal days. Neonatal capacity in tertiary units during busy days may be critical under stress.
Rural–urban and age differences in association between depression and suicidal attempt: a large retrospective clinical sample study in China
Authors: Ge Dandan , Xia Yong , Zhang Zhonghua 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo assess the association between depression and suicide attempt (SA) by age and region.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2021 to January 2022.ParticipantsHospitalised patients.Primary outcome measuresSA was the primary outcome and data on SA was obtained from the electronic medical records of hospitalised patients.Methods and analysisIn this study, data on inpatients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2021 to January 2022 were extracted from the medical record system using the convenience sampling method. According to the exclusion criteria, 7593 eligible research subjects were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between depression and SA, combining age and region. Subgroup analyses were carried out to assess the relationship between age, region and SA in depressed patients, after excluding non-depressed patients, and to inspect the interaction of age and region. Finally, further comparisons of the disparities in suicide patterns among different age groups and regional groups were made.ResultsAmong 7593 patients (3630 males), 655 (8.6%) patients with SA were observed. We found that depression was significantly associated with SA by age and region (all p<0.05). Specifically, depressed juveniles and adults had a higher risk of SA compared with non-depressed adults, and ORs (95% CIs) were 2.62 (1.59 to 4.30) and 1.67 (1.30 to 2.13), respectively. Furthermore, rural individuals with depression, urban individuals without depression and urban individuals with depression had a higher risk of SA compared with rural participants without depression, and ORs (95% CIs) were 1.60 (1.22 to 2.12), 1.29 (1.04 to 1.61) and 2.53 (1.83 to 3.49), respectively. In subgroup analyses, we further found that depression was strongly associated with SA in juveniles (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.19 to 6.76, p=0.018) and urban patients (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.40, p=0.006). Notably, the predominant methods of suicide among individuals with depression were the utilisation of sleeping pills or antidepressants.ConclusionOur study found individuals with depression are at higher risk of SA, especially juveniles and urban individuals. Effective integration of mental health and urban–rural services could mitigate the risk of suicide and contribute to better outcomes.
Prevalence of eating disorder risk in irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac and inflammatory bowel diseases using SCOFF
Authors: Holland William J , Raju Suneil A , Newton Millie , Rej Anupam , Trott Nick , Ingham Katerina E , Johnson Calvin M , Sanders David Surendran 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionEating disorders (EDs) and disordered eating behaviours are common in the general population. Those with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders may be particularly at risk, as they may need dietary therapies. There are no direct comparisons of the risk of EDs in patients with coeliac disease (CeD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We present the first study comparing the prevalence of ED risk and risk factors in CeD, IBD and IBS using the Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire.MethodsPatients attending GI clinics with diagnosed CeD, IBD or IBS were approached to complete the SCOFF questionnaire between 2021 and 2022 and compared with controls.ResultsIn total, 501 (41.6% male, mean age 46.7 years) participants completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of those at risk of EDs in patients with IBS (18%) was higher than CeD (9.4%, p=0.01), IBD (11.5%, p=0.03) and controls (6%, p<0.05). There was no difference in the risk of EDs between patients with CeD and IBD (p=0.57) nor between CeD or IBD and controls (p=0.26 and p=0.09 respectively). Patients at risk of EDs were more likely to be a younger age (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.98) and have psychiatric disorders (OR: 3.04, 95% CI 1.87 to 4.93, p<0.001).ConclusionED risk is more common in IBS than in CeD or IBD. SCOFF can be used to quickly identify patients at risk of EDs particularly those with identified risk factors, such as younger patients with pre-existing mental health conditions. Further assessment would be needed in those identified as at risk of ED.
Financial barriers to participation in international gastroenterology conferences: a cross-sectional analysis of registration fees
Authors: Dhali Arkadeep , Maity Rick , Bhattacharya Sautam , Biswas Jyotirmoy , Sanders David Surendran 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveInternational gastroenterology conferences serve as vital platforms for networking and professional development. Yet, financial barriers limit participation from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to analyse the registration fees for international gastroenterology conferences to understand the financial challenges faced by attendees, particularly from LMICs, and suggest improvements for equitable access.Design/methodIn this cross-sectional, retrospective study, we collected registration fee data from the official conference websites and categorised them according to host country, career stage (student, trainee/resident or staff), society membership status, option for virtual participation and availability of concessions for LMIC participants. Fees were converted to their US dollar equivalent using historical exchange rates from the International Monetary Fund’s website.ResultsOut of 42 conferences, only five (11.9%) were hosted by LMICs. The median registration fees for member students, trainees and staff were US$87.65, US$150.00 and US$336.84, respectively, while the median fees for non-member students, trainees and staff were US$220.00, US$368.28 and US$600.39, respectively. Only eight (19%) conferences offered concessions for LMIC participants. 12 (28.6%) conferences included a virtual component, with seven (58.3%) offering cheaper virtual-only packages.ConclusionConference registration costs are substantial and only a minority of conferences offered concessions for LMIC participants. High costs of registration, travel and accommodation, complex visa processes and limited speaking opportunities are major reasons for the limited LMIC representation. To address these inequities, global societies should provide financial and administrative support and continue the hybrid model of conferences to enhance accessibility and inclusivity.
Dealing with data gaps for TianQin with massive black hole binary signal
Authors: Wang Lu , Chen Hong-Yu , Lyu Xiangyu , Li En-Kun , Hu Yi-Ming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Space-borne gravitational wave detectors like TianQin might encounter data gaps due to factors like micro-meteoroid collisions or hardware failures. Such events will cause discontinuity in the data, presenting challenges to the data analysis for TianQin, especially for massive black hole binary mergers. Since the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) accumulates in a non-linear way, a gap near the merger could lead to a significant loss of SNR. It could introduce bias in the estimate of noise properties, and the results of the parameter estimation. In this work, using simulated TianQin data with injected a massive black hole binary merger, we study the window function method, and for the first time, the inpainting method to cope with the data gap, and an iterative estimate scheme is designed to properly estimate the noise spectrum. We find that both methods can properly estimate noise and signal parameters. The easy-to-implement window function method can already perform well, except that it will sacrifice some SNR due to the adoption of the window. The inpainting method is slower, but it can minimize the impact of the data gap.
Long-Term Prognostic Implications of Non-Culprit Lesions in Patients Presenting With an Acute Myocardial Infarction: Is It the Angiographic Stenosis Severity or the Underlying High-Risk Morphology?
Authors: Dai Jiannan , Zhao Jiawei , Xu Xueming , Chen Yuzhu , Sun Sibo , Li Shuang , Cui Lina , Wang Yini , Li Lulu , Guo Ruirong , Huang Dongxu , Ma Xianqin , Zhao Rui , Yu Huai , Chen Tao , Tan Jinfeng , Liu Xiaohui , Jiang Senqing , Hou Jingbo , Fang Chao , Mintz Gary S. , Yu Bo 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Patients with acute myocardial infarction and angiographically obstructive non-culprit lesions are at high risk for recurrent major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). However, it remains largely unknown whether events are due to stenosis severity or due to the underlying high-risk lesion morphology.

METHODS:
Between January 2017 and December 2021, 1312 patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent optical coherence tomography of all the 3 main epicardial arteries after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients and lesions were categorized according to the presence or absence of (1) 1 or more non-culprit angiographic obstructive stenoses with a visual diameter stenosis of ≥50% and (2) 1 or more lesions with an underlying high-risk morphology defined as an optical coherence tomography thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA). Patients were followed for up to 5 years (median 4.1 [interquartile range: 3.0–5.0] years). MACEs comprised cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned coronary revascularization.

RESULTS:
Overall, 492 patients had at least 1 obstructive non-culprit lesion, 352 had a single lesion, and 140 had multiple obstructive non-culprit lesions. The presence and number of angiographic obstructive non-culprit lesions correlated with the proportion and number of optical coherence tomography–derived TCFAs. At the lesion level, the prevalence of TCFA was twice as high in obstructive lesions compared with nonobstructive lesions. Patients with obstructive non-culprit lesions had an increased risk of overall MACEs (17.7% versus 12.8%; hazard ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.02–1.91]) and non-culprit lesion–related MACEs (8.7% versus 3.9%; HR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.26–3.59). Results were similar when patients were categorized on the basis of the underlying TCFA. A proportionally higher rate of overall and non-culprit lesion–related MACEs was observed as the number of obstructive stenoses or TCFAs in non-culprit segments increased. The lesion-specific HRs for obstructive lesion and TCFA were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.06–3.89) and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.29–4.43), respectively. Optical coherence tomography–derived TCFA, but not angiographic obstructive stenosis, was independently predictive of recurrent MACEs in both patient-level and lesion-level multivariable models in which these 2 characteristics were introduced simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONS:
The long-term prognostic implications of the presence and extent of angiographic obstructive non-culprit lesions in patients with acute myocardial infarction are primarily due to their correlation with the underlying high-risk morphology, which confers an increased risk of recurrent MACEs.