bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk prediction of excessive gestational weight gain based on a nomogram model
Authors: He Linyan , Zhou Xihong , Tang Jiajun , Yao Min , Peng Li , Liu Sai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Excessive gestational weight gain is a global public health problem with serious and long-term effects on maternal and offspring health. Early identification of at-risk groups and interventions is crucial for controlling weight gain and reducing the incidence of excessive gestational weight gain. Currently, tools for predicting the risk of excessive gestational weight gain are lacking in China. This study aimed to develop a risk-prediction model and screening tool for the early identification of at-risk groups.
Methods
Convenience sampling was used to select 306 pregnant women who underwent regular obstetric checkups at a tertiary-level hospital in China between January and March 2023. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct the risk-prediction model. The goodness of fit of the model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and the predictive performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. R4.3.1 software was used to create a nomogram.
Results
The prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain was 49.53%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that prepregnancy overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 2.662), obesity (OR = 3.851), and primiparity (OR = 5. 134); eating in front of a screen (OR = 5.588); consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, desserts, and western fast food (> 5 times per week) (OR = 6.733); and pregnancy body image (OR = 1.031) were risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain. Protective motivation to manage pregnancy body mass (OR = 0.979) and duration of moderate-intensity physical activity (OR = 0.234) were protective factors against excessive gestational weight gain. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.885, with a maximum Youden index of 0.617, optimal threshold of 0.404, sensitivity of 83.96%, and specificity of 77.78%. The model validation results showed a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83.33%, 77.27%, and 80.43%, respectively.
Conclusion
The risk-prediction model developed in this study proved to be effective, providing a valuable basis for early identification and precise intervention in individuals at risk of excessive gestational weight gain.
Recruitment and Retention Challenges in Opioid Use Disorder Studies: Insights and Strategies from a Pilot Digital Monitoring Study
Authors: Pan Yuhan , Humphries Kayleigh , McIntosh Laura , Bouchard Traci , Chavez Laura , Fried Martin , Hall Orman , Bonny Andrea , Zhu Motao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background. Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects millions in the United States. Emerging technologies like home motion sensors offer the potential for relapse prediction. The study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of such technology in OUD patients.
Methods. Participants were recruited through local OUD treatment centers in Columbus, Ohio. The study involved installing passive monitoring sensors in participants' homes and required participants to wear a Fitbit and complete daily surveys. The target was to enroll 25 patients, with incentives provided for participation.
Results. Out of 170 evaluated records, 50 met the inclusion criteria, and only 14 consented to participate, with four completing the study. Main recruitment challenges included housing instability, privacy concerns, and the COVID-19 pandemic's impact. Most participants were willing to use sensor devices, especially in less private home areas.
Conclusions. The study faced significant barriers in recruiting and retaining participants, highlighting the complexities of OUD research. Despite methodological adaptations like virtual follow-ups, the retention rate remained low. This suggests the need for more flexible, patient-centric approaches in future research, particularly for populations experiencing instability or distrust. The study underscores the potential of technology in treatment but emphasizes the importance of building trust and understanding within target communities.
Seed-assisted Formation of Robust Anode Catalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis with Industrial-Scaled Current Density
Authors: Sun Licheng , Li Zhiheng , Lin Gaoxin , Wang Linqin , Lee Husileng , Du Jian , Tang Tang , Ding Guoheng , Ren Rong , Li Wenlong , Cao Xing , Ding Shiwen , Ye Wentao , Yang Wenxing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for green hydrogen production from water electrolysis but encounters great challenges when operated at industrial-required ampere-scaled current densities, such as insufficient mass transfer, reduced catalytic activity, and limited lifetimes. Here we developed a one-step seed-assisted heterogeneous nucleation (HN) method (25 °C, 24 h) for producing a nickel iron-based electrocatalyst (CAPist-L1) for robust OER at ≥ 1000 mA cm-2. Based on the insoluble nanoparticles in the HN system (generated from the solubility difference of salts in water and organic solvents), a dense interlayer was formed and anchored the catalyst layer tightly on the substrate, ensuring stable long-term durability of over 14000 h (> 20 months) in 1 M KOH at 1000 mA cm-2. When applying CAPist-L1 as the anode catalyst in practical anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM-WE), it delivered high activity of 7350 mA cm-2 at 2.0 V and good stability at 1000 mA cm-2 for 1500 h at 80 °C. The low cost and simplicity characteristics make the HN strategy a valuable approach for developing stable OER catalysts for the industrialization of AEM-WE.
Discrimination of Chinese Huzhu Qingke Liquor by using Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Zhao Yuxia , Zhang Shizhi , Ma Cunhua , Yin Bo , Du Yiping , Zhang Mingjin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Qingke liquor, a renowned Tibetan alcoholic beverage derived from hull-less highland barley exclusively cultivated in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, has witnessed a surge in sales. However, the issue of adulteration has emerged as a pressing concern demanding immediate attention. The research focuses on the rapid identification methods of 'Huzhu' brand Qingke liquor, a geographical indications protection product, using UV spectroscopy. Two approaches are proposed: principal component analysis-support vector machine (PCA-SVM) and multi-model partial least squares-discriminant analysis (MPLS-DA). Three categories of liquors are considered: Chinese 'Huzhu' Qingke Liquors (CHQL), Other Brand Qingke Liquors (OBQL), and Non-Qingke-Based Liquors (NQBL). SVM is performed using two principal components to solve the binary classification problem, while PLS1 algorithm is used for each column of the dummy variable Y in MPLS-DA to integrate prediction results from submodels. Both PCA-SVM and MPLS-DA successfully build discrimination models for CHQL. PCA-SVM distinguishes CHQL from OBQL and NQBL but cannot differentiate between OBQL and NQBL. In contrast, MPLS-DA correctly identifies all three classes of samples. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can serve as a simple and rapid identification approach for CHQL, with MPLS-DA exhibiting superior sample recognition capabilities.
Successful treatment of pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis with PD-1 inhibitor-based regimen: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gao Qi , Liu Xiaoyan , Wu Feifei , Jia Junli , Cao Li , Yu Qingfeng , Zhang Dandan , Zhao Wugan , Ma Jie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis (PLG) is a rare and aggressively progressive tumor characterized by atypical clinical manifestations and pathological features. This condition is notably susceptible to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. The absence of standardized treatment regimens has led to various recommendations in the literature, predominantly favoring, Rituximab-based regimens. However, the prognosis for these patients has been consistently poor, with a median survival time of only 14 months. Recently, we encountered a case of PLG exhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 and P53 expression. We administered a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor-based regimen. Remarkably, the patient had an overall survival (OS) of 40 months as of the most recent follow-up, without disease progression. This case stands as a notable observation, particularly, because the utilization of a PD-1 inhibitor-based regimen has not been previously reported for PLG treatment. We hope this case could contribute significantly to enhancing physicians' comprehension of PLG and provide new potential treatment strategy.
Sulfide and oxygen control microbial community structure and function in high-temperature filamentous biofilms
Authors: Inskeep William , Jay Zackary , McKay Luke , Dlakic Mensur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

High-temperature microbial communities contain early evolved archaea and bacteria growing under low levels of oxygen and thus may hold important clues regarding mechanisms of oxygen respiration relevant to the evolutionary history of Earth. Conch and Octopus Springs in Yellowstone National Park, WY (YNP) are highly similar alkaline-chloride springs that provide natural laboratories to identify changes in microbial community composition and metabolism due to differences in dissolved oxygen and sulfide. Replicate metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, microscopic and geochemical analyses were conducted in these two contrasting, high-temperature (82–84 oC) filamentous biofilm communities to understand the role of oxygen, sulfur and arsenic in microbial energy conservation and community composition. Highly related populations of Aquificota (Thermocrinis), with average nucleotide identity (ANI) greater than 97%, were abundant in both communities, as well as a deeply rooted bacterium (Caldipriscus) of the Pyropristinus lineage, and Pyrobaculum (Thermoproteota). Genomic sequence of replicate metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of these three phylotypes showed that each possess a different mechanism for metabolic shifts due to concentrations of oxygen and sulfide. The high expression of high-affinity bd ubiquinol and CydAA’ oxygen reductases in sulfidic environments revealed the importance of oxygen respiration under conditions often considered anaerobic. Higher oxygen concentrations in Octopus Spring resulted in a greater diversity of microbial populations with lower-affinity Type 1 heme Cu oxidases (HCOs). The fact that members of several early evolved thermophilic lineages express high levels of high-affinity oxygen reductases under suboxic (< 1 µM dissolved O2) conditions suggests that these proteins have played a major role in the early evolution of microbial life, where similar low-oxygen conditions were nevertheless sufficient for exergonic redox coupling.
Rescue and identification of recombinant Porcine Circovirus Type 3
Authors: Zhang Baoge , Cai Jinshuang , Zhu Chenguang , Deng Ping , Ji Qicai , Chao Lumen , Li Yufeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
PCV3 is prevalent and causes many forms of swine diseases worldwide. To date, PCV3 isolation has been unsuccessful. Therefore, obtaining PCV3 and studying its biological traits are urgently needed. In the present study, recombinant PCV3 (rPCV3) was successfully generated, and it’s biologically characterization was performed. The genome sequence of PCV3 was optimized, cloned and inserted into the pBluescript SK vector. PK-15 cells transfected with the recombinant plasmid were serially passaged and characterized. The obtained rPCV3 was purified through sucrose density gradient centrifugation and ion exchange chromatography and observed via Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Absolute qPCR was used to determine PCV3 viral load. PK-15 cells were treated with nocodazole to determine the relationship between rPCV3 proliferation and mitosis. Especially, PK-15 cell infected with rPCV3 was compared with that infected with PCV3 positive tissues (wPCV3). Specific fluorescence in the nuclei, brownish-red puncta on cell monolayers, and target bands in NC membrane were observed in transfected PK-15 cells. TEM showed that the particle diameter of rPCV3 was approximately 20 nm. rPCV3 was continuously passaged for up to 25 passages with a progressive decrease in viral load. Nocodazole experiments demonstrated that rPCV3 proliferation was dependent on cell mitosis. Cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed whether the cells were infected with rPCV3 or wPCV3; importantly, copy numbers decreased in a time-dependent manner. Our study is the first to observe PCV3 particles via TEM. We revealed that both rPCV3 and wPCV3 cannot enter the PK-15 cell nucleus, which may explain why virus isolation was unsuccessful in these cells.
Aqueous-phase chloramine production as a missing chain in atmospheric chlorine chemistry
Authors: Jiang Jingkun , Chen Yijing , Xia Men , Zhang Jinghui , Yan Chao , Cai Runlong , Zheng Guangjie , Li Yuyang , Guo Junchen , An Zhaojin , Li Yiran , Tsiligiannis Epameinondas , Wu Cheng , Qu Qipeng , Feng Boyang , Hua Chenjie , Wang Zongcheng , Wang Shuxiao , Liu Yongchun , Cao Lina , Worsnop Douglas , He Kebin , Hallquist Mattias , Kulmala Markku , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chlorine radical (Cl·) profoundly impacts atmospheric oxidation capacity, and therefore climate change and air pollution. Chloramines, especially trichloramine (NCl3), is a potentially important Cl· source, while their formation mechanism remains elusive. Here, we present evidence of aerosol aqueous-phase production of chloramines with observations in Beijing and develop a comprehensive box model which incorporates ~40 aerosol aqueous reactions initiated by Cl2 and NH3 and multiple phase transfer processes. The model can well reproduce the diurnal variation of NCl3. We show that this atmospheric production of chloramines could be ubiquitous globally with the co-existence of aerosol water, Cl2, and NH3, while NCl3 formation is mainly influenced by Cl2 and relative humidity as NH3 is typically in great excess. The contribution of chloramines (mostly NCl3) to Cl· production is much higher in clean periods (up to 85%) than polluted periods (~5%) in Beijing, and in clean environments (e.g., ~64% in Canada) than polluted areas (e.g., ~1% in India). Therefore, chloramines can play an increasingly important role in a cleaner future and may partially offset the on-going efforts on air pollution mitigation. The missing representation of chloramines in current models could significantly underestimate the climate, health and ecological impacts of Cl·.
Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound (LITUS) exerts neuroprotective effects by modulating inflammatory responses via the Piezo1-Dkk3/Ca 2+ /PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Shuang , Gu Lulu , Liu Qian , Bao Banghe , Jin Qiaofeng , Ma Yannan , Zhou Siyi , Li Beibei , Xu Li , Guo Guangqi , Xue Letian , Lv Ruyue , Sun Peng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) contributes to unfavorable outcomes following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) significantly, with effective therapeutic interventions for PCABI remain elusive. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound (LITUS) has exhibited neuroprotective effects in various disease models, yet the precise mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of ultrasound stimuli in PCABI and the underlying mechanisms necessitate further exploration.
Methods
In vivo, a murine model of cardiac arrest (CA) was established and subjected to LITUS. Neurological function was assessed through behavioral tests and neurofunctional scoring. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was employed to evaluate brain injury, while proteomic analysis was utilized to identify potential target proteins and pathways. Cells involved in pharmacological interventions or gene knockdown were subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation to mimic ischemia-reperfusion conditions in the brain. Protein-protein interactions were confirmed through co-immunoprecipitation. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) influx was quantified using live-cell calcium imaging and flow cytometry. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to evaluate the expression of targeted genes. The expression of related proteins was detected through immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays.
Results
LITUS administration significantly improves 24-hour survival rates, promotes neurological function recovery, attenuates brain injury, and activates neurons in mice subjected to CPR. In vitro experiments revealed that ultrasound (US) mediates Ca2+ influx via the synergistic action of Piezo1 and Dkk3, thereby suppressing inflammatory responses, augmenting cell vitality, and promoting neuronal activation. These findings strongly indicate that the neuroprotective effects of LITUS may be mediated via the Piezo1-Dkk3/Ca2+/PI3K-Akt3 pathway.
Conclusions
This study firstly elucidates the neuroprotective effects of LITUS on PCABI and clarifies the potential mechanism. We posit that this study broadens the evidence base supporting future research into the application of LITUS in clinical PCABI patients.
Phylogeography of Allium macrostemon: south-north divergence reveals a natural geographic isolation boundary in the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River Line in China
Authors: Jiang chunxue , Shi tian , Mo zhongmei , Zhao cai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
There are many physical and geographic boundaries in China, but there are few studies on the natural geographical isolation boundary of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River Line (QHL) using molecular ecological evidence. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and possible origins of Allium macrostemon and to verify whether the QHL played a role in the structure of A. macrostemon populations.
Results
Analysis of chloroplast DNA and nuclear ITS molecular markers showed a very high level of genetic differentiation among populations (FST > 0.25). ombined with chloroplast DNA and nuclear ITS data, A. macrostemon populations could be grouped into northern and southern flora, with the southern flora further divided into southwestern and central-southeastern flora. The results of niche simulation show that the distribution area of A. macrostemon will reach the maximum in the future.
Conclusion
The data points to a geographic barrier that has been maintaining the regional separation of A. macrostemon. The QHL, which has been found to be a north-south dividing line in phylogeography and population genetic structure and promotes physical geographic isolation, has played an important role in this process. This study can provide a scientific theoretical basis for the conservation, development, and utilization of A. macrostemon resources. Further, it can provide a reference for the systematic geographic pattern of large-scale spatial distribution of plants in China and enrich our understanding of the evolutionary history of plant species diversity in East Asia.
Deflation schemes for the generalized nonlinear eigenvalue problem
Authors: de Carvalho Wellington Tatagiba , Sales Renan Costa , Dumont Ney Augusto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Deflation is an artifice to remove from a search subspace of interest already evaluated eigenpairs. It is a necessary step in solving structure vibration or even the complete simulation of time-dependent problems with a large number of degrees of freedom, which in our particular case is in the frame of a generalized modal analysis related to high-order nonlinear eigenvalue problems. We start with the linear algebra outline of the complex symmetric, nonlinear eigenvalue problem for structures submitted to viscous damping. However, we soon evolve to a more general development for complex, nonsymmetric, general matrices that may be expressed as closed-form analytical functions or as a power series of the eigenvalues -- as long as the matrices are simultaneously diagonalizable. After a short literature review of deflation techniques for linear and some restricted nonlinear cases, we propose a few families of deflation schemes applicable to problems that may not have mechanical meaning, thus in terms of sheer linear algebra. We show that a general deflation scheme works as penalty functions accrued to the original problem to prevent already obtained results from being re-evaluated. We illustratively assess the issues of combining the proposed deflation schemes with a generalized, inverse-free Krylov subspace iteration technique, as applied to nonlinear symmetric problems generated randomly. The numerical application to more general, nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems is also presented.
Support programmes for caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Khoza Silindile B , Chetty Verusia , Chetty Levin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) accounts for a large proportion of childhood disability. The severity of the disability in children with CP necessitates a caregiver. Long-term care for a child with cerebral palsy has detrimental health consequences for the caregiver due to its complex nature. Support programmes for caregivers of children with CP have been recommended as a strategy to assist caregivers to cope, and to mitigate challenges they face while fulfilling their role.
Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines will be adopted as a methodological framework for this scoping review. The following databases will be searched from inception onwards: PubMed; Medline; Cochrane Library; and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed journal papers will be included if they are written in English; involve caregivers of children with CP; describe support programmes for caregivers of children with CP; and measure the overall quality of life of the caregivers following intervention. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies will be included in order to consider different ways of measuring the effects (physical, psychological and social wellbeing) of support programmes on caregivers of children with CP. Two reviewers will screen all citations and full-text articles. Data abstracted will be organized into themes and sub-themes and summarized, and the results will be reported using a narrative synthesis. The study’s methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using a mixed methods appraisal tool.
Discussion: The evidence gathered from the selected studies will be discussed in relation to the research questions using a narrative to identify and explore emerging themes. The review will provide a baseline of evidence on support programmes for caregivers of children with CP. It will highlight strengths, weaknesses, gaps and recommendations from existing support programmes in order to contribute to the design of a holistic support package for caregivers of children with CP.