bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After Us, What?
Authors: de Duve Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From time immemorial, prophets announce the imminent end of the world, most often to strengthen their hold on their followers, on the pretext of preparing them for the ultimate ordeal. The prediction is not totally false. According to cosmologists, a time will come when the Sun, its hydrogen stores exhausted, will blow up into a red giant, engulfing Earth in a fiery cloud. But this final blaze is not for tomorrow. Earth has some five billion years left before it goes up in flames. Even though it may not be able to harbor life during all that time, it should be able to do so for at least 1.5 billion years, according to present estimates.1 This is an enormous amount of time, more than twice the known history of animal life, some 250 times the duration it took a chimp-like primate to become a human being. What may happen during such a long time totally exceeds our imagination. But we can, at least, define certain possibilities. We may even, on the strength of what we know of the past, hazard some predictions.
The Key Component tor Anger Management: Your Relotionship with Your Child
Authors: Golden Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years it has become all too common to read newspaper headlines describing the latest incidents of child and adolescent violence. These events are immediately followed by cries for gun control, a reduction of violence in the media and in video games, and an increased emphasis on teaching morality in schools and at home. Addressing these contributing factors may help to prevent some violence. However, while the media highlight violence, only a small percentage of children and teens express anger in this most extreme way. Far more children and teens who have ongoing difficulty with anger exhibit bullying, underachievement, substance abuse, social isolation, truancy, prejudice, gang participation, sexual promiscuity, and suicidal behaviors. At the same time, some children and teens who appear fine on the surface experience depression, excessive guilt or shame, or intense anxiety related to mismanaged anger.
How Children and Teens Express Anger
Authors: Golden Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Children and teens express anger in many different ways. At times it is very easy to recognize their anger, such as when they are hostile or aggressive toward others or are physically destructive of property. We can readily understand why these children and teens attract attention from their parents, their teachers, mental health professionals, and the justice system.
But there are many expressions of anger that are more subtle and may easily escape even your focused attention. The anger underlying these behaviors may not be as apparent as aggression or violence. In fact, while aggression and violence are expressions of anger, most children and teens express anger in other ways. However, these behaviors can lead to lifelong difficulties in relationships, in self-esteem, in careers, and in achieving goals. This chapter will help you to better recognize the wide range of expressions of anger in everyday life.
Identifying and Confronting Self-talk Based on “Child Logic”
Authors: Golden Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everyone engages in self-talk. Self-talk is the dialogue we have with ourselves at home, at work, in a car, in a store, when interacting with loved ones, or while observing people on a bus. We dialogue with ourselves both when we are with others and when we are alone. Some of us are more aware than others of these ongoing thoughts. And each of us varies in the amount of self-talk we engage in. However, we may be so busy, focused on an activity, or engaged with people that we are not aware of our self-talk. In fact, we live in a time when we are increasingly.
Relaxation: A Primary Task in Managing Anger
Authors: Golden Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The strategies presented in this chapter are aimed at helping children and teens reduce the level of physical tension that is a natural part of anger. While these strategies are useful with children and teens facing the anger of everyday life, they are especially useful for those who are quick to become angry. Such children may be considered “thinskinned” and overly sensitive to stimulation. They may be more vulnerable to frustration and thus quick to experience the fight-or-flight response that accompanies anger. Compared to others, these children may actually experience a greater arousal of physical tension that pushes them more rapidly to seek physical release.
Eye Of The Beholder
Authors: Aleshire Joan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a photograph in a family album of my mother in the late summer of 1938, when she is a few months’ pregnant with me. She’s at the beach, leaning back on her elbows, wearing stylish sunglasses with bottle lenses and thick plastic frames. She’s smiling with an unusual carefree abandon, it seems to me; she and my father, a hard-working intern at Johns Hopkins, must have gotten away for a few days at Ocean City or Cape May, at the end of a long stretch of hot city weather. She has the beauty of the quieter, more genteel movie stars of the period, like Joan Bennett or, even more, Joan Fontaine, and—for all her modesty, and though she’d never admit to an interest in popular culture—may have acknowledged the resemblance by breaking family tradition and giving me “Joan” as a middle name.
A Chair Unseen
Authors: Atkins C G K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is the morning prior to Gretta and Felix’s housewarming party. Within hours, dozens of colleagues from both of their workplaces will be ringing the front doorbell. The festivities are an attempt to christen their new house and to make social connections with a select group of people they know from the office. Framed pictures lean against the walls in all four corners of the living room. Sunlight filters through partially drawn curtains as the couple leafs through photo albums. Gretta holds up three photos. “What about these ones? They are of your graduation—this is a such a good one of you and the kids.
The Perils Of Getting A Driver’s License
Authors: Tollifson Joan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I’ve been putting off going to the DMV to exchange my California license for an Illinois one. I grew up in Illinois, and when I got my first license here, they slapped all kinds of restrictions on me because I’m missing one hand. I had to have a spinner knob on the steering wheel and could only drive a car that had an automatic transmission and power steering. I hated that spinner knob, which got in my way. Together with my parents, we finally succeeded in getting the DMV in Illinois to drop that restriction, but the others they kept.
Dispersal Behavior and Evolutionary Metapopulation Dynamics Michael c. Singer and ilkka hanski
Authors: Ehrlich Paul R , Hanski Ilkka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Dispersal is the glue that keeps local populations together in a metapopulation” (Hansson 1991). Seen from the perspective of population biology, dispersal is also another kind of glue, a behavioral trait that couples ecological metapopulation dynamics with evolutionary dynamics. Indeed, we might describe our work on this topic as a study in either behavioral or evolutionary ecology, were it not that “behavioral ecology” is not regarded as proper ecology by ecologists, and “evolutionary ecology” is not really regarded as study of evolution by evolutionary biologists. Sadly, these researchers are usually correct; work that claims to be interdisciplinary at the interfaces between behavior, ecology, and evolution rarely achieves its aim. Yet metapopulation biology absolutely requires a truly behavioral understanding of the decision making that underlies dispersal, a truly ecological understanding of the interplay between dispersal and population dynamics, and a truly evolutionary understanding of the ways that dispersal responds to spatially and temporally varying environmental conditions. Studies of checkerspots have made substantial progress toward achieving this desirable combination of knowledge, and reciprocal interactions between the behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary facets of dispersal are becoming clear. For example, the influence of host plant preference (behavior) on dispersal drives population turnover (ecology) via biased immigration and colonization rates (Hanski and Singer 2001), while biased colonization rate, in turn, contributes to the evolution of host plant preference (Hanski and Heino 2003), bringing us back to the influence of preference on dispersal. Before reaching this level of complexity, however, we begin with a discussion of the classic approaches to the study of insect dispersal and how they have been applied in studies of butterflies in general and checkerspots in particular.
Checkerspots as a Model System in Population Biology
Authors: Hanski Ilkka , Hellmann Jessica J , Boggs carol L , McLaughlin John F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Model systems such as Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Mus, Caenorhabditis, and the squid giant axon are familiar to geneticists, developmental biologists, neurobiologists, and other laboratory biologists. A chief characteristic of these systems is that numerous researchers have used them over a long period of time to study a range of research questions, often greatly benefiting from the diverse knowledge accumulated by previous investigators. Successful model systems possess some definite advantages for research. For example, it is critical for laboratory model systems that the organisms can be cultured in large numbers under controlled conditions and have short generation times.
Why Are Frogs in Trouble? Complementary Observations and Experiments to Test Hypotheses in Ecology
Authors: Jenkins Stephen H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In August 1995, a group of students visited a pond in southern Minnesota on a class field trip. Tadpoles in the pond had just undergone metamorphosis to become juvenile northern leopard frogs, which were dispersing away from the pond to begin the terrestrial phase of their normal life cycle. However, a large percentage of the frogs had missing or deformed hind legs. This discovery by sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-graders and their new teacher was not the first report of deformed frogs in North America, but it sparked a great deal of public attention and led to large-scale research efforts to understand what was happening.
What Causes Cancer? The Complexities of Causation
Authors: Jenkins Stephen H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 13 July 2000, the Washington Post described a new study of cancer incidence in twins in a front-page story with the headline “Cancer Study Down- plays Role of Genes.” On the same day, the New York Times’s headline was “Genes May Cause 25% of 3 Major Cancers.” Surprisingly, these two stories were based on the same technical report by a group of Scandinavian scientists that appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine on that day. What can we make of these different interpretations of the same scientific study? A careful reader of the Washington Post might conclude that environmental factors have broader scope in causing cancer than suggested by well-established examples such as smoking and lung cancer.
How Does Coffee Affect Health? Combining Results of Multiple Studies
Authors: Jenkins Stephen H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are bombarded with information and advice about health and nutrition. Here is a sample of recent headlines: “Something Special in That Glass of Wine” (New York Times, 26 September 2000); “Warding off Parkinson’s with Caffeine” (New York Times, 24 October 2000); “Conflicting Views on Caffeine in Pregnancy” (New York Times, 17 July 2001); “Coffee in the Afternoon a Memory Boost for Elders” (Health & Medicine Week, 7 January 2002); “A Dose of Red Pepper to Sooth Gastric Distress”(New York Times, 2 April 2002). Stories like these usually report the conclusions of some new scientific study, but these conclusions often contradict previous research, which is partly what makes them newsworthy.
How Will Climate Change Affect the Spread of Human Diseases? Models and the Perils of Prediction
Authors: Jenkins Stephen H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Los Angeles Times reported in May 2002 that owners of ski resorts in Australia were buying new equipment to make snow worth $20 million in anticipation that global warming would cause reduced snowfall. This story indicates that a wide range of people has come to accept the fact that contemporary human activities affect global climate patterns. These people include not only virtually all scientists but also an increasing number of astute business leaders. Humans influence global climate in many ways, but the most familiar is the greenhouse effect. Earth is heated by solar radiation.
1793–1796 “A Colossus to the Antirepublican Party”
Authors: Ferling John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dressed in a black silk suit, his usual attire for state occasions, President Washington climbed into his hand-some carriage just before noon on March 4, 1793, Inauguration Day, for the short ride to Congress Hall. The cabinet, which at Washington’s behest had planned the day, closed the ceremonies to the public. Thus, unescorted by floats or militia companies, Washington rode to the Senate chamber through Philadelphia’s quiet streets. Upon alighting at his destination, however, he was greeted by a small but friendly crowd. The president hurried inside, where he delivered a three-paragraph Inaugural Address, the shortest ever given, took the oath of office, and departed. He was at home again within an hour of his departure.
Narrative Insurrections: HIV, Circulating Knowledges, and Local Resistances
Authors: Stewart Eric , Rappaport Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the United States, the number of new cases of AIDS, as of 2004, is on the rise. The rate of new HIV infection has been on the rise—even in those communities that had previously shown remarkable declines— for a decade or more (Odets, 1995; Treichler, 1999; Wohlfeiler, 2002). Despite the success of earlier community-based and focused prevention efforts, in urban gay communities, for instance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has ofcially declared that prevention efforts have “stalled.” Furthermore, the CDC now recommends (and funds) an emphasis on counseling or case-management for those already infected (Wohlfeiler, 2002). In this chapter, we suggest that the narrative framework is a useful conceptual and methodological tool for examining why prevention has “stalled,” and how its engine could be restarted.
Toward the Next Generation of AIDS Interventions With Community Impact
Authors: Pequegnat Willo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Risk for HIV transmission and other public-health problems with a behavioral component have multiple causes that are embedded in the social organization of society. The effort to prevent further HIV infections is often compared to the smoking campaign that has resulted in a change in the social norms and rules about smoking. Entrenched norms about smoking that are supported by the culture, reinforced by personal addiction, and strongly sustained by commercial interests nally gave way to public health interests. It has taken time for the evidence from research and community-level interventions to lead to these changes in social policy and personal habits. In the 1950s, it would have been unthinkable to envision a smoke-free environment.
QTL Mapping: A First Step Toward an Understanding of Molecular Genetic Mechanisms Behind Phenotypic Complexity/ Integration
Authors: Kover Courtney J Murren Paula X 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The challenge of the study of phenotypic integration is to comprehend both how a single trait evolves, and how combinations of traits evolve together to produce and maintain a functional phenotype. Olson and Miller (1958), in their now classic work, define morphological integration as the interdependence of morphological traits that produces an organized functional organism. Empirical studies demonstrate that selection on multiple traits throughout ontogeny and across environments can result in character correlations (Schlichting and Pigliucci 1998). Ecological genetic approaches suggest that gene regulation, pleiotropy, and linkage may provide the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic correlations (Cheverud 1988; Schlichting 1989; Schlichting and Pigliucci 1998). However, further progress in unraveling the genetic basis of phenotypic integration will require moving a step closer to the genes that are involved in determining the traits and their interactions.
Body Image
Authors: Smolak Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cellulite-reducing cream, milkshakes that lead to weight loss, and bathing suits that make you look thinner—all of these products capitalize on women’s concerns about how their bodies look. Body dissatisfaction is a problem because it may lead to buying products that don’t work and may even be harmful rather than using the money on things like education, political clout, or health care. More important, though, body dissatisfaction may result in dangerous weight-loss techniques, sometimes culminating in eating disorders (e.g., McKnight Investigators, 2003; Stice & Bearman, 2001; Wertheim, Koerner, & Paxton, 2001). Body dissatisfaction may also contribute to the development of depression, including the emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence (Stice & Bearman, 2001; Wichstrom, 1999).
Trauma in the Lives of Girls and Women
Authors: Sanchez-Hucles Janis , Gamble Kimberly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traumatic events are commonplace and can occur in the lives of any of us. Between 70–90% of all individuals in the United States experience at least one traumatic event in their lives and a third to a half must contend with a second trauma (Breslau & Kessler, 2001; Solomon & Davidson, 1997). An individual’s history, experience, temperament, and resiliency all shape the potential impact of trauma. Although reactions can be unique and subjective, gender mediates exposure to trauma in the lives of women and girls. Women face trauma imposed by the vulnerability of inhabiting a female body. In addition, they are exposed to unique traumas in patriarchal societies that implicitly or explicitly support the subordination of women. Unequal status makes women and girls vulnerable to trauma. Each year, 20 million women have unsafe abortions, resulting in 78,000 mortalities; one in four women are abused in pregnancy; one in three are beaten or sexually coerced; 60 million girls are reported as missing due to infanticide or neglect; and 5,000 women and girls are killed by their own families due to perceived violations to the family’s honor (Solomon, 2003).
Substance Use and Abuse by Girls and Women
Authors: Beatty Lula A , Wetherington Cora Lee , Jones, Dionne J , Roman Adele B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The overall prevalence of drug use by females and males from the late 1970s until the mid-1990s has generally decreased for all drugs with some yearly fluctuations (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2002). Although males report using both licit (e.g., alcohol and nicotine) and illicit substances (e.g., marijuana, cocaine, heroin) more than females, the gender gap in drug use has been shrinking over time (SAMHSA, 1997; Weiss, Kung, & Pearson, 2003). Starting in the early 1990s, girls and boys began increasing their use of cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs, particularly marijuana, with boys still using more than girls (SAMHSA, 1997). Recent research suggests that males have more opportunity to use drugs, and if given the same opportunity, males and females are equally likely to use (Van Etten & Anthony, 1999), which may account for the rising rates in female use of drugs.
Coping in Adolescent Girls and Women
Authors: Bennett Patricia A , daniel Susan H M C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There’s no question that ample opportunities for coping exist in the 21st century. Stress and anxiety are the norm, with terrorism and economic uncertainty at the social level, as well as developmental, personal, and interpersonal challenges at the individual level. For girls and women who are socialized today to care for others and to achieve, coping can have particular challenges. Being female brings with it special privileges and burdens related to social role conflicts, sexist behavior, and gendered belief systems. In this chapter, we explore the many ways girls and women cope, the common challenges they face, and the need to balance what Bakan (1969) called agency (selfefficacy) and communion (connection) in order to promote optimal growth. We review the developmental stages of women’s lives, beginning in adolescence, and underline the need to enhance both agency and communion for healthy coping at each stage.
The Sense of Entitlement: Implications for Gender Equality and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Gann Vanessa L M C , Steil Janice M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the 1970s, the opportunities and achievements of women and girls have expanded dramatically. Unlike 30 years ago, women now receive the majority of associate’s, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees, constitute almost half (47%) of the paid labor force, and are increasingly visible across all spheres of economic and public life. Equally dramatic are the shifts in women’s relationships at home. Women’s increased labor force participation, including the participation of those who are married and mothers of young children, has made the dual-earner family the modal family in America. As well, dual-earner families now have the highest median incomes, and this is increasingly due to the economic contributions of employed wives. Indeed, almost 30% of these women now earn more than their spouses, and this has brought increasing expectations of greater work sharing at home.
Well-Being of Girls and Women
Authors: Glied Sherry , Kofman Sharon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public policy is a general term that describes all government actions, whether federal, state, or local. Public policy includes distributive, regulatory, and redistributive policies (Lowi, 1972). The latter two forms will be our focus. Distributive policies are those that provide goods available to all, such as parks or national defense. Regulatory policies are government-established limits on private actions. Redistributive policies are those that use the government’s taxation and spending among people. The process of translating policy problems— including problems of importance to women’s psychological health—into policy proposals of any of these types is inevitably complicated. Public policy occurs through politics.
A Closer Look at Caretaker Resource Accounts
Authors: Alstott Anne L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Five thousand dollars for child care or education or retirement every year. Some readers will think that’s a nice chunk of cash, which might make a real difference in a parent’s life. But others may worry that $5,000 is too little, or too late. In this chapter, I want to evaluate the impact of caretaker resource accounts from two perspectives. I first ask how individuals are likely to respond to the program. Will mothers change their work habits? Might the program alter family dynamics? Consulting economic studies, we can make some educated predictions.
English Translations of and Translator’s Notes on Maria Göppert-Mayer’s Theory of Two-Quantum Processes∗
Authors: Masters Barry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Already from the systematic development of quantum mechanics have Kramers and Heisenberg2 so completely deduced the quantum theoretical dispersion equation that today the famous Raman Effect (“Smekal jumps”) can be quantitatively calculated. In addition, they mentioned another effect that until now has not yet been observed. In the light-quantum language it allows the following simple description: