bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study investigating the feasibility of an ulcer-specific quality of life questionnaire
Authors: Venkatraman P D , Anand S C , Dean C , Nettleton R , EL Sawi A , Afify S 
Published: March 2005

Objective: This study explores the feasibility and reliability of a modified ulcer-specific quality of life (QOL) questionnaire on patients suffering from venous leg ulcers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a cohort of patients suffering from venous leg ulcers who had been registered at Rochdale Infirmary to participate in a clinical trial. A self-administered six-page questionnaire – Freiburger Lebensqualitäts Questionnaire Assessment (FLQA) – on the QOL along with a checklist was used to collect data from March 2002 to June 2003. The feasibility and reliability of the venous leg ulcer specific questionnaire, the patient-reported QOL and their perspective on compression therapy were chosen as the main outcomes of the study. Results: A response rate of 94% was obtained, of which 56% were women and 44% were men with an average age of 63 years. Approximately 72% of respondents reported that the questionnaire was suitable to reflect their perspectives on QOL and compression therapy. The questionnaire took an average of 20 minutes to complete. The average QOL score was 45.27 in all the eight domains, where 0 reflected good QOL and 100 reflected poor QOL, indicating that the respondents' QOL had been adversely affected due to venous leg ulcers. Men had an average score of 52.0 in all the eight domains and women scored 39.0 in a 0–100 scale. Hence, comparatively, men had poorer QOL than women. Reliability was assessed using measures of internal consistency and test–retest analysis. Cronbach's alpha, α = 0.934 indicated that the survey items were highly inter-correlated. Test–retest analysis indicated that there was moderate-to-strong correlation in seven out of eight domains, which meant that the reproducibility of the FLQA questionnaire was consistent. Conclusions: The pilot survey conducted on a representative sample of patients indicated that the questionnaire is suitable and has the potential to reflect the perspective on compression therapy and overall QOL of patients suffering from venous leg ulcers. The survey tool demonstrated the clinical and research utility as a QOL outcome measure for clinical trials evaluating wound care products on patients suffering from venous leg ulcers.
Venous calibre reduction after intermittent pneumatic compression
Authors: Harfouche J N , Theys S , Scavée V , Hanson P , Schoevaerdts J C , Sturbois X 
Published: March 2005

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on venous calibre. Methods: A total of 28 subjects were divided into three groups: 15 with venous insufficiency (Var), six with lymphoedema (Lym) and seven healthy (Hlt) subjects. One of each patient's lower limbs were treated with IPC. Both limbs were assessed by a duplex scanner, before and after the treatment, and the calibres were then compared. Results: A significant decrease in the venous calibre was observed only on the treated limbs. The veins affected were: in the Lym group, the lesser saphena ( P<0.05); in the Var group, the greater saphena at its cross ( P<0.01), the lesser saphena ( P<0.02) and the superficial femoral vein ( P<0.05). Conclusion: A 40 mmHg IPC was sufficient to enhance some venous tonus, especially in subjects with venous insufficiency, for 15–30 min after the 30 min of treatment.
Critical role of duplex ultrasonography for the advanced management of a venous malformation
Authors: Lee B B , Mattassi R , Choe Y H , Vaghi M , Ahn J M , Kim D I , Huh S H , Lee C H , Kim D Y 
Published: March 2005

Objectives: Duplex ultrasonography was assessed for its advanced role as a contemporary guide for the safer management of venous malformation (VM) at the lower extremities through a comparison study with matching magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or ascending phlebography findings. Methods: A retrospective review of 50 patients with a VM in the lower extremities was performed using the duplex scan findings on the initial diagnosis and the subsequent follow-up assessment of the treatment response. The screening findings of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) development following ethanol sclerotherapy on 40 patients were also included. A marginal vein (lateral embryonal) compression test was also performed on 10 patients, who were candidates for a resection preoperatively, in order to assess its value in predicting the response to the subsequent resection. The duplex scan findings were compared with the available ascending phlebography results in 38 patients, and also with the MRI findings available for all 50 patients. Results: The duplex scan on the 50 patients confirmed the existence of a normal deep vein system in the lower extremities in 43 patients as the true-positive test findings. One false-negative test finding was subsequently confirmed by an angiographic evaluation. The duplex scan also confirmed the absence of a normal deep vein system in four patients as a true-negative test. MRI subsequently confirmed two false-positive findings in one patient, and angiography confirmed two false-positive findings in another (sensitivity − 97.8%, specificity − 66.7%, positive predictive value − 95.6%, and negative predictive value − 80%). Among a total of 40 patients who received ethanol sclerotherapy, the duplex scan identified DVT in three patients, and also screened out properly in 37 patients through a total of 185 ethanol sclerotherapy sessions. The compression test predicted the surgical outcome successfully in the majority (7/8). The duplex scan appears to have comparable reliability to MRI and/or angiography for diagnosing and managing VM. Conclusions: The duplex scan can provide the critical haemodynamic information of both the deep venous system and VM lesions quite effectively with the cost-effectiveness of a non-invasive test. In particular, the duplex scan is an excellent test for the safe management of VM of the lower extremity, including the early detection of DVT through multi-session ethanol sclerotherapy.
PLG calls for improved doctor–patient communication
Authors: Towell Elaine 
Published: March 2005

You have just taken off in a plane and a voice comes over the tannoy: 'Good morning ladies and gentlemen, this is your flight captain speaking. I want to welcome you aboard this Any Airways economy flight and tell you about the new delegated teamwork flying policy that we at Any Airways have adopted. This flight is a pilot-led service; we delegate key jobs throughout the flight. 'The controls will shortly be handed over to Miss Jones who will take us over the Channel today; she has some experience in air traffic control and has been specifically trained to take aircraft over the Channel. She will then hand over to the co-pilot's assistant for landing. He is a partially trained co-pilot but has received specific training to land the plane. 'Unfortunately the flying time directive has meant that there won't be a pilot actually on your flight today but if you look out of the starboard window you will see another Any Airways plane. This is a scheduled flight and this is where I am based today but don't worry – I'm not far away should anything go wrong. Enjoy your flight.'
Silicon Nanocrystals: Size Matters
Authors: Heitmann J. , Müller F. , Zacharias M. , Gösele U. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper reviews new approaches to size‐controlled silicon‐nanocrystal synthesis. These approaches allow narrowing of the size distribution of the nanocrystals compared with those obtained by conventional synthesis processes such as ion implantation into SiO2 or phase separation of sub‐stoichiometric SiOx layers. This size control is realized by different approaches to introducing a superlattice‐like structure into the synthesis process, by velocity selection of silicon aerosols, or by the use of electron lithography and subsequent oxidation processes. Nanocrystals between 2 and 20 nm in size with a full width at half maximum of the size distribution of 1 nm can be synthesized and area densities above 1012 cm–2 can be achieved. The role of surface passivation is elucidated by comparing Si/SiO2 layers with superlattices of fully passivated silicon nanocrystals within a SiO2 matrix. The demands on silicon nanocrystals for various applications such as non‐volatile memories or light‐emitting devices are discussed for different size‐controlled nanocrystal synthesis approaches.
Cover Picture: Novel Photoactive Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube–Porphyrin Polymer Wraps: Efficient and Long‐Lived Intracomplex Charge Separation (Adv. Mater. 7/2005)
Authors: Guldi D. M. , Taieb H. , Rahman G. M. A. , Tagmatarchis N. , Prato M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe figure on the cover portrays a novel donor–acceptor nanoassembly, based on a single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) as the electron acceptor and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐carrying porphyrin units (H2P) as the excited‐state electron donors. In these supramolecular “polymer wraps”, reported on p. 871 by Guldi and co‐workers, SWNTs quench the photoexcited H2P chromophores, resulting in the creation of microsecond‐lived radical ion pairs.
Real‐time product morphology monitoring in crystallization using imaging technique
Authors: De Anda J. Calderon , Wang X. Z. , Lai X. , Roberts K. J. , Jennings K. H. , Wilkinson M. J. , Watson D. , Roberts D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMany speciality organic chemical products, such as pharmaceuticals are crystals that exhibit multiple morphological forms and habits that are of critical importance not only to the end use properties of the products, but also to their downstream processing, such as in filtration and handling and in transport and storage. It is known that minor changes in operating conditions, such as cooling rates and supesaturation can have significant impact on the product leading to batch‐to‐batch variation. As a result, precision manufacture of crystalline products demands on‐line techniques for real‐time measurement of crystal morphology. The use of a non‐invasive on‐line imaging technique in a batch reactor for monitoring cooling crystallization of (L)‐glutamic acid which exhibits two polymorphs, alpha and beta is described. The technique was found to allow real‐time observation of some temporal moments that are critical in the crystallization process, in particular the crystallization onset and transformation between the two polymorphs. For validation and benchmarking purpose, an off‐line system for particle characterization, the PharmaVision 830, and photo‐microscope were also used in the study in parallel with the on‐line imaging system. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Monitoring of CaCO3 production on a spinning disc reactor using conductivity measurements
Authors: Burns J. R. , Jachuck R. J. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA method of monitoring CaCO3 production from absorption of CO2 into an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2 is described. Its application to the measurement of Ca(OH)2 conversion across different radial zones on a spinning disc reactor is discussed and results from experiments are presented. Links between conversion and models based on diffusive mass transfer into a thin rotating film are examined and a correlation with Fourier and Reynolds numbers shown. Estimations of mass‐transfer coefficients based on the experimental results are provided and comparisons made with previous work. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Analysis of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions close to bubbles
Authors: Raffensberger Jodi A. , Glasser Benjamin J. , Khinast Johannes G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe objective of this work is to use numerical simulations to show how bubble (size and shape) and particle properties can influence the selectivity of fast heterogeneously catalyzed gas–liquid reactions. For fast gas–liquid–solid reactions, the reaction occurs primarily in the wake of the bubble and is thus dependent only on the mixing in this region. This work investigates how the wake structure changes for different bubble shapes and how catalyst particles distribute for different Stokes number particles. Finally, the results of this work will be applied to two industrially relevant reaction systems to show how choosing the correct design and operating parameters of a system can significantly influence the selectivity of fast heterogeneously catalyzed gas–liquid reactions. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Dispersion coefficient prediction within a bed packed with perfusive particles
Authors: Albusairi Bader H. , Hsu James T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effective medium model of perfusive particles has been used to modify the dispersion coefficient of a packed bed to account for intraparticle velocity and internal structure of the perfusive particles. In this model, the diffusivity factor has been derived by solving the steady‐state diffusion equation in the three regions (that is, external, envelope, and internal regions) of the effective medium model and proved experimentally. The diffusivity factor is incorporated with hydrodynamic parameters obtained earlier to modify the dispersion coefficient of bed packed with perfusive particles. It was found that the diffusivity factor is independent of perfusive particle shape. Also, it was found that the uniformity of perfusive particles is not a necessary condition, once average accessible porosity is considered instead of actual porosity. Finally, it was shown that a significant error would be introduced to predict the performance of bed packed with perfusive particles if the effect of perfusive phenomena on the dispersion coefficient of a packed bed were not considered. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Autosomal dominant microtia and ocular coloboma: New syndrome or an extension of the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum?
Authors: Beck Anita E. , Hudgins Louanne , Hoyme H. Eugene 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral (OAV) spectrum is an etiologically heterogeneous condition classically consisting of microtia, hemifacial microsomia, epibulbar dermoids, and vertebral anomalies. Other eye findings described in OAV include upper eyelid colobomas, ptosis, and varying degrees of microphthalmia or even anophthalmia. Iris and/or retinal colobomas have rarely been reported. We describe two familial cases of apparent OAV with ocular colobomas. We postulate that iris and/or retinal colobomas associated with OAV may represent a subgroup within the OAV spectrum with autosomal dominant inheritance, as in the families described herein. Since microtia can result from aberrant migration of neural crest cells into the first and second branchial arches during early embryonic development, and concomitant deficient neural crest migration into the developing eye can lead to ocular coloboma and or iris heterochromia, it may be that the altered gene or genes in our familial cases are involved with regulation of neural crest development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mental retardation in a boy with anterior cervical hypertrichosis
Authors: Corona‐Rivera J. Román , González‐Abarca Sergio , Hernández‐Rocha Juan , García‐Cruz Diana , Corona‐Rivera Alfredo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAnterior cervical hypertrichosis (ACH) is a rare form of localized hypertrichosis with 15 previously reported cases. ACH has been considered to be a dominant phenotype, either X‐linked or autosomal [OMIM 600457]. ACH was associated with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) in one family, in which the proband also exhibited severe chorioretinal degeneration and optic atrophy, probably as a different entity [OMIM 239840]. A Mexican boy with congenital ACH associated with moderate mental retardation, abnormal EEG, mild microcephaly, hypertrichosis on the back, and hallux valgus is presented here. An equal sex ratio found in 16 reported cases as well as the suggestion of a paternal age effect in one report appear most consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for this trait. It remains unclear if isolated ACH, ACH–HMSN, or other associated findings reported in patients with ACH, including unusual features found in our case, are part of ACH or fortuitous associations, due to the small number of affected patients and different ascertainment biases present in previous reports. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inappropriate tall stature and renal ectopy in a male patient with X‐linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia due to a novel missense mutation in the DAX‐1 gene
Authors: Franzese Adriana , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Spadaro Raffaella , Mukai Tokuo , Valerio Giuliana 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMutations in DAX‐1 gene cause congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AHC). We present a male patient affected by X‐linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita due to a novel DAX‐1 missense mutation. The mutation V287G affects the C‐terminal end of the DAX‐1 protein which plays an important role in functioning of the receptor. In addition, our patient presented an inappropriate tall stature and renal ectopy, which have not been described in AHC so far. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folate supplementation in three genetic models: Implications for understanding folate‐dependent developmental pathways
Authors: Kappen Claudia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSupplementation of a pregnant mother's diet with folate has been shown to protect the developing embryo from birth defects in humans as well as rodent animal models. Folate supplementation not only reverses a potential nutritional deficiency; folate effectively prevents defects even when the mother's nutritional status is normal. These findings indicate that folate is able to interact with the molecular pathways that control normal embryonic development. Supplementation studies in animals provide the experimental starting point for the identification of such folate‐responsive pathways. This review summarizes the progress to date in understanding the folate response in genetic models of birth defects in the mouse. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse models of neural tube defects: Investigating preventive mechanisms
Authors: Greene Nicholas D.E. , Copp Andrew J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTD), including anencephaly and spina bifida, are a group of severe congenital abnormalities in which the future brain and/or spinal cord fail to close. In mice, NTD may result from genetic mutations or knockouts, or from exposure to teratogenic agents, several of which are known risk factors in humans. Among the many mouse NTD models that have been identified to date, a number have been tested for possible primary prevention of NTD by exogenous agents, such as folic acid. In genetic NTD models such as Cart1, splotch, Cited2, and crooked tail, and NTD induced by teratogens including valproic acid and fumonisins, the incidence of defects is reduced by maternal folic acid supplementation. These folate‐responsive models provide an opportunity to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying prevention of NTD by folic acid in humans. In another group of mouse models, that includes curly tail, axial defects, and the Ephrin‐A5 knockout, NTD are not preventable by folic acid, reflecting the situation in humans in which a subset of NTD appear resistant to folic acid therapy. In this group of mutants alternative preventive agents, including inositol and methionine, have been shown to be effective. Overall, the data from mouse models suggests that a broad‐based in utero therapy may offer scope for prevention of a greater proportion of NTD than is currently possible. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epithelial cell polarity genes are required for neural tube closure
Authors: Doudney Kit , Stanier Philip 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHuman neural tube defects (NTD) are a heterogeneous group that exhibit complex inheritance, making it difficult to identify the underlying cause. Due to the uniform genetic background, inbred mouse strains are a more amenable target for genetic studies. We investigated the loop‐tail (Lp) mouse as a model for the severe NTD, craniorachischisis. A homozygous point mutation was identified in the transmembrane protein Vangl2, which in Drosophila has been shown to function in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Morphological analysis of the Lp mice shows that the defect results from an abnormally broad floor plate, most likely through a failure in convergent extension. The elevated neural folds remain too far apart to contact, inhibiting neural tube closure. Recently, two other mouse mutants (crash and circletail) were described with a similar phenotype to Lp and were investigated as potentially new alleles. Mapping studies, however, showed that both mutants segregated to distinct loci. In the crash (Crsh) mouse, a mutation was identified in Celsr1, a seven pass transmembrane receptor that encodes a protein orthologous to Drosophila Flamingo. Like Vangl2, this gene also functions in the PCP pathway. While in circletail, a point mutation was identified introducing a premature stop codon into the apical‐basal cell polarity gene scribble (Scrb1). We subsequently demonstrated a genetic interaction between all three genes, where double heterozygotes exhibit the same homozygous NTD phenotype. This strongly suggests both a candidate gene pathway and that interaction between independent recessive alleles may be a possible explanation for the complex inheritance in severe human NTD. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐multifactorial neural tube defects
Authors: Lynch Sally Ann 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough most neural tube defects (anencephaly, spina bifida) occur as isolated malformations, a substantial proportion are attributable to chromosome anomalies, known teratogens, or component manifestations of multiple anomaly syndromes. This review describes known chromosome alterations and the candidate genes residing in the altered region, as well as syndromes associated with neural tube defects and causative genes, if known. 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Intermolecular Pauson–Khand Reaction
Authors: Gibson Susan E. , Mainolfi Nello 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFive membered carbocycles are important building blocks for many biologically active molecules. Moreover, substituted cyclopentenones (e.g. cyclopentenone prostaglandins) exhibit characteristic biological activity. The efficiency and atom economy of the Pauson–Khand reaction render this process potentially one of the most attractive methods for the synthesis of such compounds. Although it was discovered in its intermolecular form, the scope of the intermolecular Pauson–Khand reaction has always been limited by the poor reactivity and selectivity of the alkene component. The past decade, especially the last three years, has seen concerted efforts to broaden the scope of this reaction. In this overview, we provide a comprehensive and critical coverage of the intermolecular Pauson–Khand reaction based on the reactivity characteristics of different classes of alkenes and a rationalization of successes and misfortunes in this area.