bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piecing it together: atrophy profiles of hippocampal subfields relate to cognitive impairment along the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
Authors: Christopher-Hayes Nicholas J. , Embury Christine M. , Wiesman Alex I. , May Pamela E. , Schantell Mikki , Johnson Craig M. , Wolfson Sara L. , Murman Daniel L. , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionPeople with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experience more rapid declines in their ability to form hippocampal-dependent memories than cognitively normal healthy adults. Degeneration of the whole hippocampal formation has previously been found to covary with declines in learning and memory, but the associations between subfield-specific hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments are not well characterized in AD. To improve prognostic procedures, it is critical to establish in which hippocampal subfields atrophy relates to domain-specific cognitive declines among people along the AD spectrum. In this study, we examine high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the medial temporal lobe and extensive neuropsychological data from 29 amyloid-positive people on the AD spectrum and 17 demographically-matched amyloid-negative healthy controls.MethodsParticipants completed a battery of neuropsychological exams including select tests of immediate recollection, delayed recollection, and general cognitive status (i.e., performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]). Hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) were measured using a dedicated MRI slab sequence targeting the medial temporal lobe and used to compute distance metrics to quantify AD spectrum-specific atrophic patterns and their impact on cognitive outcomes.ResultsOur results replicate prior studies showing that CA1, dentate gyrus, and subiculum hippocampal subfield volumes were significantly reduced in AD spectrum participants compared to amyloid-negative controls, whereas CA2 and CA3 did not exhibit such patterns of atrophy. Moreover, degeneration of the subiculum along the AD spectrum was linked to a significant decline in general cognitive status measured by the MMSE, while degeneration scores of the CA1 and dentate gyrus were more widely associated with declines on the MMSE and tests of learning and memory.DiscussionThese findings provide evidence that subfield-specific patterns of hippocampal degeneration, in combination with cognitive assessments, may constitute a sensitive prognostic approach and could be used to better track disease trajectories among individuals on the AD spectrum.
Outcomes among oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer patients treated with postoperative volumetric modulated arctherapy
Authors: Mione Cécile , Casile Mélanie , Moreau Juliette , Miroir Jessica , Molnar Ioana , Chautard Emmanuel , Bernadach Maureen , Kossai Myriam , Saroul Nicolas , Martin F. , Pham-Dang Nathalie , Lapeyre Michel , Biau Julian 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundPresently, there are few published reports on postoperative radiation therapy for oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers treated with IMRT/VMAT technique. This study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of this population treated with postoperative VMAT in our institution, with a focus on loco-regional patterns of failure.Material and methodsBetween 2011 and 2019, 167 patients were included (40% of oropharyngeal cancers, and 60% of oral cavity cancers). The median age was 60 years. There was 64.2% of stage IV cancers. All patients had both T and N surgery. 34% had a R1 margin, 42% had perineural invasion. 72% had a positive neck dissection and 42% extranodal extension (ENE). All patients were treated with VMAT with simultaneous integrated boost with three dose levels: 66Gy in case of R1 margin and/or ENE, 59.4-60Gy on the tumor bed, and 54Gy on the prophylactic areas. Concomittant cisplatin was administrated concomitantly when feasible in case of R1 and/or ENE.ResultsThe 1- and 2-year loco-regional control rates were 88.6% and 85.6% respectively. Higher tumor stage (T3/T4), the presence of PNI, and time from surgery &gt;45 days were significant predictive factors of worse loco-regional control in multivariate analysis (p=0.02, p=0.04, and p=0.02). There were 17 local recurrences: 11 (64%) were considered as infield, 4 (24%) as marginal, and 2 (12%) as outfield. There were 9 regional recurrences only, 8 (89%) were considered as infield, and 1 (11%) as outfield. The 1- and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 78.9% and 71.8% respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 88.6% and 80% respectively. Higher tumor stage (T3/T4) and the presence of ENE were the two prognostic factors significantly associated with worse DFS and OS in multivariate analysis.ConclusionOur outcomes for postoperative VMAT for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are encouraging, with high rates of loco-regional control. However, the management of ENE still seems challenging.
Comparing low-dose (DART) and enhanced low-dose dexamethasone regimens in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Al-taweel Heba Mohamed , Abdelhady Ismail Sabry Ismail , Irfan Nasreen , Khzzam Fadi Al , Kamal Abdullah , Thazhe Sudheer Babu Kurunthattil , Bayoumi Mohammad A. A. , Gad Ashraf 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionDetermining the optimal dexamethasone dosage for facilitating extubation in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains uncertain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of low-dose (DART) and enhanced low-dose dexamethasone regimens in achieving successful extubation in these infants.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC) involving ELBW infants who received dexamethasone for BPD prevention or treatment, or for extubation between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2019. Our goal was to assess successful extubation within various time points of treatement.ResultsA total of 77 patients, matched in gestational age and BW, were enrolled in the study, receiving a total of 121 dexamethasone courses. Low-dose dexamethasone courses were administered 75 times to 49 infants, while 46 courses of enhanced low-dose were given to 28 infants. Treatment commenced at 30.8 ± 3.4 weeks post-menstrual age, compared to 32.1 ± 2.5 weeks in the enhanced low-dose group (p = 0.014). The median (IQR) course duration was seven (3–10) days in the low-dose group, while it was 10 (8–14) days in the enhanced low-dose group (p &lt; 0.001). The median (IQR) course dose was 0.73 (0.53–0.86) mg/kg in the low-dose group and 1.27 (0.97–2.05) mg/kg in the enhanced low-dose group (p &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in extubation success at any time point between the two groups at 72 h and seven days after treatment initiation, by course completion, and within seven days after treatment completion. However, regression analysis identified several predictors of successful extubation; baseline FiO2, course duration, and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation were negatively associated with successful extubation at various time points, while received dose per kg and cumulative dose positively correlated with successful extubation at different time points. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes, including death or BPD.ConclusionThe choice between low-dose and enhanced low-dose dexamethasone regimens may not significantly impact extubation success. However, careful consideration of dosing, ventilation status, and treatment duration remains crucial in achieving successful extubation. This study highlights the need for personalized dexamethasone therapy in ELBW infants.
Antinociceptive effect of Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit peel and the participation of nitric oxide, opioid receptors, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels
Authors: Oliveira Alan Santos , Biano Laiza Santos , Palmeira David Nascimento , Almeida Damião Rabelo de , Lopes-Ferreira Mônica , Kohlhoff Markus , Sousa Jordano Augusto Carvalho , Brandão Geraldo Célio , Silva Ana Mara de Oliveira e , Grespan Renata , Camargo Enilton Aparecido 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:Nephelium lappaceum L. (Sapindaceae) is a plant known as rambutan. It is used for various purposes in traditional medicine.Objective: We aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of the ethanol extract of the fruit peel of N. lappaceum (EENL), the mechanisms involved in these effects, and the acute toxicity in zebrafish.Methods: We performed chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, acute toxicity assay in zebrafish, and evaluation in mice submitted to models of nociception and locomotor activity.Results: We identified (epi)-catechin, procyanidin B, and ellagic acid and its derivatives in EENL. We did not find any toxicity in zebrafish embryos incubated with EENL. The locomotor activity of mice submitted to oral pretreatment with EENL was not changed, but it reduced the abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid, the licking/biting time in both the first and second phase of formalin testing and capsaicin testing, and carrageenan-induced paw mechanical allodynia. Oral pretreatment with EENL increased latency time in the hot plate test. This antinociceptive effect was significantly reversed by naloxone, L-arginine, and glibenclamide respectively showing the participation of opioid receptors, nitric oxide, and KATP channels as mediators of EENL-induced antinociception.Conclusion: EENL causes antinociception with the participation of opioid receptors, nitric oxide, and KATP channels, and is not toxic to zebrafish.
Acoustoelectric brain imaging with different conductivities and acoustic distributions
Authors: Zhou Yijie , Song Xizi , Song Yibo , Guo Jiande , Han Gangnan , Liu Xiuyun , He Feng , Ming Dong 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Acoustoelectric brain imaging (AEBI) is a promising imaging method for mapping brain biological current densities with high spatiotemporal resolution. Currently, it is still challenging to achieve human AEBI with an unclear acoustoelectric (AE) signal response of medium characteristics, particularly in conductivity and acoustic distribution. This study introduces different conductivities and acoustic distributions into the AEBI experiment, and clarifies the response interaction between medium characteristics and AEBI performance to address these key challenges.Approach: AEBI with different conductivities is explored by the imaging experiment, potential measurement, and simulation on a pig’s fat, muscle, and brain tissue. AEBI with different acoustic distributions is evaluated on the imaging experiment and acoustic field measurement through a deep and surface transmitting model built on a human skullcap and pig brain tissue.Main results: The results show that conductivity is not only inversely proportional to the AE signal amplitude but also leads to a higher AEBI spatial resolution as it increases. In addition, the current source and sulcus can be located simultaneously with a strong AE signal intensity. The transcranial focal zone enlargement, pressure attenuation in the deep-transmitting model, and ultrasound echo enhancement in the surface-transmitting model cause a reduced spatial resolution, FFT-SNR, and timing correlation of AEBI. Under the comprehensive effect of conductivity and acoustics, AEBI with skull finally shows reduced imaging performance for both models compared with no-skull AEBI. On the contrary, the AE signal amplitude decreases in the deep-transmitting model and increases in the surface-transmitting model.Significance: This study reveals the response interaction between medium characteristics and AEBI performance, and makes an essential step toward developing AEBI as a practical neuroimaging technique.
Family function, anxiety and depression in adults with disabilities: a network analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Yuan Dongling , Zhong Xiao , Yang Fan , Fu Haojie 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of family dysfunction, anxiety and depression is high in people with disabilities due to long-term activity constraints and social difficulties. Recently, although studies have attempted to provide guidance for family therapy by focusing on the relationship between family function and negative emotions, the specific effects of improved family function during family therapy on alleviation of anxiety and depressive symptoms have been obscured. Thus, this study attempted to elucidate the impact of specific family functioning on specific symptoms of anxiety and depression through network analysis.MethodsFamily APGAR Index Questionnaire (APGAR), Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) were used to survey 897 adults with disabilities in Sichuan Province. Meanwhile, network analysis for studying the relationship between anxiety, depression and family functioning among the disabled via R software.ResultsThe network analysis showed that (1) Nodes PHQ4 (“Energy”), APGAR3 (“Growth”), GAD1 (“Nervousness”) and GAD4 (“Relaxing Trouble”) were central nodes in the network model; (2) Bridge nodes linking family function, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the sample were PHQ9 (“Suicide ideation”), PHQ6 (“Worthlessness”), GAD1 (“Nervousness”) and GAD5 (“Restlessness”); (3) The node APGAR5 (“Resolve”) directly connects the bridge symptoms PHQ9 (“Suicide ideation”) and PHQ8 (“Motor”).ConclusionThis study suggests that therapists could target the resolve of family members during family therapy to reduce suicidal ideation and enhance the level of activity of people with disabilities, thereby improving the network of anxiety and depression symptoms and alleviating negative emotions of people with disabilities.
The relationship between self-control and mental health problems among Chinese university students
Authors: He Mu , Zhan Xiaoqing , Liu Chang , Li Ling , Zhao Xiaojie , Ren Lei , Li Kuiliang , Luo Xi 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMental health issues are often associated with poor self-control. Therefore, effective interventions against mental health problems should include self-control training. However, it is unclear whether the effect of self-control varies across different types of mental health problems.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using the convenience sampling method at five universities in Chongqing, China, where 1,409 students reported their demographic information, level of self-control, and symptoms of irritability, depression, and anxiety. Descriptive statistical methods and a network analysis approach were employed to explore the relationship between self-control and symptoms of irritability, depression, and anxiety among 1,409 students. The bridging links between self-control and the three mental health problems were analyzed.ResultsThe findings revealed a negative correlation between self-control and symptoms of irritability, depression, and anxiety among university students. Impulse control was found to be the bridge between self-control and irritability or anxiety symptoms, while resistance to temptation was the bridge between self-control and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the different relationship between self-control with irritability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The findings of this study may shed light on future mental health interventions for university students during potential public health emergencies, such as prior knowledge of the main types of psychological problems among university students, which may allow for the development of precise self-control intervention strategies, such as targeting impulsivity or resistance to temptation.
Peer-led BASICS intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences among university students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lavilla-Gracia María , Pueyo-Garrigues María , Calavia Gil Diego , Esandi-Larramendi Nuria , Alfaro-Diaz Cristina , Canga-Armayor Navidad 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionAlcohol consumption is the main substance abused during university and is associated with physical, legal, emotional, social, and cognitive consequences. The peer-led BASICS intervention has been shown to be effective in decreasing the quantity and frequency of drinking, the estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and the number of binge drinking episodes among this population.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of the peer-led BASICS intervention to reduce risky alcohol consumption among university students in the Spanish context.Materials and methodsA two-arm randomized controlled trial in a university in northern Spain including 308 first- and second-year university students recruited between October 2022 to March 2023. The intervention was a 30-min in-person peer-led motivational interview. Participants were assessed at baseline and 1-month postintervention. The primary outcome was the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption during a typical week. The intervention effect was verified using a mixed factorial ANOVA model.ResultsCompared with students in the control group, students who received the intervention reduced the number of drinks per week by 5.7 (95% CI 5.54, 5.86); the number of drinks consumed in a typical weekend by 5.2 (95% CI 5.07, 5.33); the number of drinks consumed on the occasion of greatest consumption by 4.9 (95% CI 4.78, 5.02); the number of binge drinking episodes by 1.4 (95% CI 1.37, 1.43); the peak BAC on a typical week and on the occasion of greatest consumption decreased by 0.06 (95% CI 0.058, 0.062) and 0.09 (95% CI 0.088, 0.092); the number of alcohol-related consequences by 5.8 (95% CI 5.67, 5.93); and the motivation to change their alcohol use increased by −0.8 (95% CI −0.85, −0.75).ConclusionThe peer-led BASICS intervention is effective in changing alcohol consumption and its related consequences among Spanish university students in the short term. The action of nursing students as counselors positively impacted drinking patterns among their peers.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05639374?intr=Effectiveness%20of%20a%20Peer-led%20Program%20to%20Prevent%20Alcohol%20Consumption&amp;rank=1&amp;page=1&amp;limit=10, identifier: NCT05639374.
Role of computed tomography in the evaluation of regional metastasis in well-differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Vaish Richa , Mahajan Abhishek , Sable Nilesh , Dusane Rohit , Deshmukh Anuja , Bal Munita , D’cruz Anil K. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAccurate neck staging is essential for performing appropriate surgery and avoiding undue morbidity in thyroid cancer. The modality of choice for evaluation is ultrasonography (US), which has limitations, particularly in the central compartment, that can be overcome by adding a computed tomography (CT).MethodsA total of 314 nodal levels were analyzed in 43 patients with CT, and US; evaluations were done between January 2013 and November 2015. The images were reviewed by two radiologists independently who were blinded to histopathological outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and accuracy of US, CT, and US + CT were calculated using histology as the gold standard.ResultsThe overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for US, CT, and US + CT were 53.9%, 88.8%, 74.1%, and 76.4%; 81.2%, 68.0%, 60.1%, and 85.9%; and 84.6%, 66.0%, 59.6%, and 87.8%, respectively. The overall accuracy of the US was 75.80%, the CT scan was 72.93%, and the US + CT scan was 72.93%. For the lateral compartment, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the US, CT, and US + CT were 56.6%, 91.4%, 77.1%, and 80.5%; 80.7%, 70.6%, 58.3%, and 87.8%; and 84.3%, 68.7%, 57.9%, and 89.6%, respectively. The accuracy of the US was 79.67%, the CT scan was 73.98%, and the US + CT scan was 73.98% for the lateral compartment. For the central compartment, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the US, CT, and US + CT were 47.1%, 76.5%, 66.7%, and 59.1%; 82.4%, 55.9%, 65.1%, and 76.0%; and 85.3%, 52.9%, 64.4%, and 78.3%, respectively. The accuracy of the US was 61.76%, the CT scan was 69.12%, and the US + CT scan was 69.12% for the central compartment.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that CT has higher sensitivity in detecting nodal metastasis; however, its role is complementary to US due to low specificity.
The results of vital pulp therapy for primary molars in children with negative behaviour
Authors: Arjenovskaya E. N. , Kamennova T. N. , Maslak E. E. 
Published: October 2023

Relevance.Сhildren's negative behaviour may affect pulpitis treatment results. The study aimed to study the vital pulp therapy effectiveness for chronic fibrous pulpitis treatment in primary molars of children with negative behaviour.Material and methods.The study involved 60 children aged 3-6 years with negative behaviour (according to the Frankl scale). Before the treatment, the children had non-pharmacological psychological behaviour management. One hundred and twenty primary molars were treated for pulpitis using the biological method. Follow-ups assessed the condition of the fillings and the presence/absence of clinical and radiographic signs of complications after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Tooth survival rate determined the effectiveness of pulpitis treatment.Results.The after-pulpitis-treatment complication rate where tooth extraction was necessary amounted to 15.0% after six months and 1.7% after 12 months (p<0.001); there were no complications after 18 and 24 months. During the first 12 months, 4.1% of cases required retreatment of pulpitis by pulpotomy. The retreatment rate due to filling defects was 20.8% after six months, and it then significantly decreased to 1.0-3.3% (p < 0,001). The tooth survival rate after pulpitis treatment was 83.3% after 24 months. There were no statistically significant differences between the pulpitis treatment results based on the children’s age, the localization of the carious cavities, and direct or indirect pulp capping.Conclusion.The biological method of chronic fibrous pulpitis treatment in primary molars of children aged 3-6 years with negative behaviour had high 24-month effectiveness at an outpatient dental appointment (with preliminary psychological behaviour management). Most complications developed during the first six months after the treatment, to which dental filling defects contributed.
STRATEGI GURU PAI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hanapi Hanapi 
Published: October 2023

Dalam rangka usaha mewujudkan suatu pendidikan yang berhasil dan menjadikan anak didik bersemangat untuk belajar, maka perlu adanya seorang pendidik yang profesional yang mempunyai strategi sendiri dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dan sekiranya dapat direspon oleh anak didik.Adapun untuk mengatasi kejenuhan-kejenuhan itu seorang pendidik perlu memotivasi anak didik, sehingga mereka bersemangat dan merasa senang dalam belajar, dan pendidik pun bisa mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan untuk analisisnya, menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan aspek yang relefan dengan fonomena yang diamati dan menjelaskan karakteristik fenomena atau masalah yang ada.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa startegi yang dilakukan guru PAI dalam pengembangan pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SDN Lingkok Buak adalah : a). Analisis kondisi pembelajaran yang meliputi ; Tujuan pembelajaran, Karakteristik bidang studi, Kendala pembelajaran, dan Karakteristik peserta didik. b). Pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang meliputi ; Straregi pengorganisasian, strategi penyampaian, dan strategi pengelolaan. c). Pengukuran hasil pembelajaran.

Kata Kunci: Strategi Guru PAI, Pengembangan Pembelajaran PAI.