bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability driven by secondary succession in temperate forests shape soil fungal communities and function
Authors: Geng Xinze , Zuo Jincheng , Meng Yunhao , Zhuge Yanhui , Zhu Ping , Wu Nan , Bai Xinfu , Ni Guangyan , Hou Yuping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe soil fungal community plays an important role in forest ecosystems and is crucially influenced by forest secondary succession. However, the driving factors of fungal community and function during temperate forest succession and their potential impact on succession processes remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the soil fungal community in three temperate forest secondary successional stages (shrublands, coniferous forests, and deciduous broad‐leaved forests) using high‐throughput DNA sequencing coupled with functional prediction via the FUNGuild database. We found that fungal community richness, α‐diversity, and evenness decreased significantly during the succession process. Soil available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen decreased significantly after initial succession occurred, and redundancy analysis showed that both were significant predictors of soil fungal community structure. Among functional groups, fungal saprotrophs and pathotrophs represented by plant pathogens were significantly enriched in the early‐successional stage, while fungal symbiotrophs represented by ectomycorrhiza were significantly increased in the late‐successional stage. The abundance of both saprotroph and pathotroph fungal guilds was positively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus content. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus content and positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen content. These results indicate that the dynamics of fungal community and function reflected the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability caused by the secondary succession in temperate forests. The fungal plant pathogen accumulated in the early‐successional stage and ectomycorrhizal fungi accumulated in the late‐successional stage may have a potential role in promoting forest succession. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the response of soil fungal communities to secondary forest succession and highlight the importance of fungal communities during the successional process.
Ring Expansion Reactions through Intramolecular Transamidation
Authors: Kalinin Stanislav , Sapegin Alexander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSynthetic methodologies based on cycle expansion reactions have proven to be highly effective in delivering valuable medium‐sized cycles and macrocycles. A primary method of ring expansion relies on intramolecular transamidation reactions. These reactions typically employ N‐aminoalkyl and N‐aminoacyl derivatives of lactams and their analogues as starting materials, yielding a diverse spectrum of unique nitrogen‐containing heterocycles.This Review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research outcomes related to intramolecular transamidation reactions that lead to cycle expansion. This will offer the reader a perspective on the potential applications of such reactions in generating novel and intriguing types of heterocyclic systems.
A New Strategy for the Preparation of 3‐Amino‐4‐hydroxypyrrolidinone‐4‐acetic Acid, an Unusual γ‐Amino Acid found in Microsclerodermins
Authors: Liu Yong‐Peng , Aitken David J. , Declerck Valérie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn original synthetic strategy is presented for the preparation of the sensitive 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxypyrrolidinone‐4‐acetic acid residue that is present in the structures of the microsclerodermin natural product family. The approach relies on the use of a linear γ‐amino acid surrogate, derived from asparagine, bearing a β‐dithiolanyl group. A protected dipeptide model system is used to demonstrate that selective removal of the dithioketal protection followed by cyclization gives the target structure in single diastereoisomer form and with little or no dehydration.
Radical Acylation of Alkenes by NHC‐Organocatalysis
Authors: Tang Qian , Du Ding , Gao Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed radical‐radical reactions have been proven to be powerful strategies for assembling ketyl‐containing compounds via single electron transfer (SET) pathway under either thermal conditions or photoredox conditions. In this context, acylation of alkenes via radical relay under NHC‐organocatalysis has also opened a new window for the difunctionalization of alkenes to construct valuable molecules in organic synthesis. In this review, the advances and progress of the acylation of alkenes via NHC‐organocatalysis were summarized according to different ways of generation of the key NHC‐bound ketyl‐type radicals. Furthermore, reaction scopes, limitations and mechanisms were discussed based on reaction types and catalytic systems. Conclusions and perspectives were also put forward at the end.
Preliminary investigation of the anti‐colon cancer activity of cucurbitacin C from cucumber: A network pharmacological study and experimental validation
Authors: Liu Jingke , Zhang Xiao , Yang Haixia , Zhu Chenhui , Fan Daidi , Deng Jianjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColon cancer (CC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and ranks among the leading causes of death in cancer patients worldwide. Cucurbitacin, a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids widely found in Cucurbitaceae plants, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. However, the pharmacological activity of cucurbitacin C (CuC), a cucurbitacin derivative exclusively present in cucumbers, remains unclear. To investigate CuC's action targets and potential targets for CC, we utilized a database to obtain relevant information. Additionally, we identified differentially expressed genes in CC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and discovered 64 crossover targets formed through the intersection of drug‐disease targets. Through the construction of a protein‐protein interaction network, we identified 20 central genes. Enrichment analysis revealed that the cross‐targets were significantly enriched in four signaling pathways, namely, the PI3K‐Akt, Ras, MAPK, and IL‐17 signaling pathways. Correlation and expression analysis of the enriched central genes led to the identification of 7 key targets, among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐13 demonstrated a significant association with poor prognosis in patients. Furthermore, we validated the network pharmacology results with in vitro and in vivo experiments. CuC can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of HCT‐116. CuC also can suppress the colon tumor growth in vivo, while reducing the expression of placental growth factor, MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, and MMP‐13 both in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the predicted results. Together, our results demonstrated that CuC holds promise as a potential agent for CC treatment.
Exposure or pandemic effect: Export boom in instant noodles from South Korea during COVID‐19
Authors: Quan Yin‐Hua , Im Jeong‐Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmid the pandemic, it is crucial to comprehend both people's preferred food choices and the factors influencing food consumption. This understanding not only guarantees a stable food supply but also plays a pivotal role in economic recovery during times of recession. In 2020, South Korean instant noodles experienced an unprecedented surge in exports, catapulting the nation to the forefront of the global instant noodle market. The surge in the popularity of instant noodles during the pandemic can be partly attributed to their unique characteristics. However, the South Korean film Parasite, which garnered global acclaim around the same time, prominently featured instant noodle products. This exposure led to an extraordinary increase in internet searches for Korean‐brand instant noodles. Therefore, this study utilized an interrupted time series model to investigate whether the surge in South Korean instant noodle exports was primarily a result of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic or the influence of the film. Our estimations indicate that the film's exposure effect predominantly explains the export boom of South Korean instant noodles.
Task‐dependent spatial processing in the visual cortex
Authors: Bertonati G. , Amadeo M. B. , Campus C. , Gori M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo solve spatial tasks, the human brain asks for support from the visual cortices. Nonetheless, representing spatial information is not fixed but depends on the reference frames in which the spatial inputs are involved. The present study investigates how the kind of spatial representations influences the recruitment of visual areas during multisensory spatial tasks. Our study tested participants in an electroencephalography experiment involving two audio–visual (AV) spatial tasks: a spatial bisection, in which participants estimated the relative position in space of an AV stimulus in relation to the position of two other stimuli, and a spatial localization, in which participants localized one AV stimulus in relation to themselves. Results revealed that spatial tasks specifically modulated the occipital event‐related potentials (ERPs) after the onset of the stimuli. We observed a greater contralateral early occipital component (50–90 ms) when participants solved the spatial bisection, and a more robust later occipital response (110–160 ms) when they processed the spatial localization. This observation suggests that different spatial representations elicited by multisensory stimuli are sustained by separate neurophysiological mechanisms.
The utility of parathyroid autofluorescence as an adjunct in thyroid and parathyroid surgery 2023
Authors: Pace‐Asciak P. , Russell J. , Solorzano C. , Berber E. , Singer M. , Shaha A. R. , Khafif A. , Angelos P. , Nixon I. , Tufano R. P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThyroid and parathyroid surgery requires careful dissection around the vascular pedicle of the parathyroid glands to avoid excessive manipulation of the tissues. If the blood supply to the parathyroid glands is disrupted, or the glands are inadvertently removed, temporary and/or permanent hypocalcemia can occur, requiring post‐operative exogenous calcium and vitamin D analogues to maintain stable levels. This can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, particularly if it results in permanent hypocalcemia. For over a decade, parathyroid tissue has been noted to have unique intrinsic properties known as “fluorophores,” which fluoresce when excited by an external light source. As a result, parathyroid autofluorescence has emerged as an intra‐operative technique to help with identification of parathyroid glands and to supplement direct visualization during thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Due to the growing body of literature surrounding Near Infrared Autofluorescence (NIRAF), we sought to review the value of using autofluorescence technology for parathyroid detection during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. A literature review of parathyroid autofluorescence was performed using PubMED. Based on the reviewed literature and expert surgeons' opinions who have used this technology, recommendations were made. We discuss the current available technologies (image vs. probe approach) as well as their limitations. We also capture the opinions and recommendations of international high‐volume endocrine surgeons and whether this technology is of value as an intraoperative adjunct. The utility and value of this technology seems promising and needs to be further defined in different scenarios involving surgeon experience and different patient populations and conditions.
Prep‐for‐Labor: Overview ofFIGO's labor and delivery triage bundles of care to optimize maternal and newborn outcomes
Authors: Barnea Eytan R. , Muller Martin , Di Simone Nicoletta , Inversetti Annalisa , Pacagnella Rodolfo , Borovac‐Pinheiro Anderson , Nicholson Wanda ,   the FIGO Childbirth and Postpartum Hemorrhage Committee
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildbirth is an intense event in which decisions may need to be made in seconds to guarantee the health of both mother and newborn. Despite health systems and care approaches varying widely according to real‐life scenarios, availability of facilities, beliefs, resources, staff, and geography, among others, optimal outcomes should be ensured worldwide. Triaging low‐risk pregnancies from high‐risk pregnancies is the first step to ensure proper allocation of resources. From this need, we developed FIGO's Prep‐For‐Labor triage methods, a series of 2‐minute labor and delivery bundles of care, with special regard given to low‐ and middle‐income countries and rural settings. Around 80% of women, once properly triaged, can pursue vaginal delivery with minimal intervention, while those at risk can either be managed on site or transferred promptly to an advanced care site. FIGO's bundles of care and good practice recommendations for labor and delivery and immediate newborn triage cover four clinical scenarios: (1) preterm labor; (2) induced or spontaneous labor at term; (3) cesarean delivery; and (4) newborn care. From rapid triage of the mother (low vs high risk) to the list of required equipment, description of skilled staff, and coordination of resources, the recommendations for care are introduced across these four areas in this overview article. Implementing the proposed management steps described in each summary can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
FIGO good practice recommendations for cesarean delivery on maternal request: Challenges for medical staff and families
Authors: Ramasauskaite Diana , Nassar Anwar , Ubom Akaninyene Eseme , Nicholson Wanda ,   the FIGO Childbirth and Postpartum Hemorrhage Committee
Published: October 2023

AbstractElective cesarean delivery on maternal request is a challenging topic of discussion for patients, their families, and clinicians. Efforts to reduce the rate of cesarean deliveries should include the proportion of cesarean deliveries at term that occur solely due to maternal request rather than a maternal or fetal indication. Additionally, clinicians should follow good clinical practice, which includes family counseling, discussions on the benefits and potential risks of elective cesarean delivery, timing of delivery, and ethical and legal considerations. Furthermore, there is the need for a sustained workforce of perinatal clinicians and staff trained in the appropriate technique and management of operative complications. This article reviews global rates of elective cesarean on maternal request and outlines FIGO's good practice recommendations for counseling expectant mothers and the conduct of elective cesarean versus vaginal delivery.
Cellular Prion protein moonlights vascular smooth muscle cell fate: Surveilled by trophoblast cells
Authors: Bose Rumela , Jana Sarmita Sanjay , Ain Rupasri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUterine spiral artery remodeling (uSAR) is a hallmark of hemochorial placentation. Compromised uSAR leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Salient developmental events involved in uSAR are active areas of research and include (a) trophendothelial cell invasion into the spiral arteries, selected demise of endothelial cells; (b) de‐differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC); and (c) migration and/or death of VSMCs surrounding spiral arteries. Here we demonstrated that cellular prion (PRNP) is expressed in the rat metrial gland, the entry point of spiral arteries with the highest expression on E16.5, the day at which trophoblast invasion peaks. PRNP is expressed in VSMCs that drift away from the arterial wall. RNA interference of Prnp functionally restricted migration and invasion of rat VSMCs. Furthermore, PRNP interacted with two migration‐promoting factors, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β), forming a ter‐molecular complex in both the metrial gland and A7r5 cells. The presence of multiple putative binding site of odd skipped related‐1 (OSR1) transcription factor on the Prnp promoter was observed using in silico promoter analysis. Ectopic overexpression of OSR1 increased, and knockdown of OSR1 decreased expression of PRNP in VSMCs. Coculture of VSMCs with rat primary trophoblast cells decreased the levels of OSR1 and PRNP. Interestingly, PRNP knockdown led to apoptotic death in ~9% of VSMCs and activated extrinsic apoptotic pathways. PRNP interacts with TRAIL‐receptor DR4 and protects VSMCs from TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis. These results highlight the biological functions of PRNP in VSMC cell‐fate determination during uteroplacental development, an important determinant of healthy pregnancy outcome.
Obesity, metabolic health and clinical outcomes after incident cardiovascular disease: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Akyea Ralph K. , Ntaios George , Doehner Wolfram 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well‐established. However, in patients with incident CVD, the relationship between obesity, metabolic health, and subsequent CVD and mortality outcomes are less well‐established. This study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI), metabolic health and the risk of subsequent cardiovascular mortality and morbidity outcomes in patients with incident CVD events.MethodsThis cohort study identified 130 685 patients from the nationwide Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases in the United Kingdom. Patients were ≥18 years with incident CVD [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or peripheral vascular disease (PVD)] between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2017. BMI (in kg/m2) was categorized as underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), overweight (25.0–29.9) and obese (≥30). Within each BMI category, patients were grouped by increasing count of 1, 2 or 3 metabolic risk factors [RF] (dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension) and were regarded as metabolically unhealthy while absence of these factors was considered metabolically healthy (MH). Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the risk (hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval) of subsequent outcomes (non‐fatal CHD, stroke, PVD, incident heart failure, CVD‐mortality and all‐cause mortality) in BMI subgroups with incremental count of metabolic RFs.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 13.0 years, a higher BMI was associated with reduced risk for stroke, PVD, CVD‐mortality and all‐cause mortality within each metabolic risk category, while increasing metabolic RFs within each BMI subgroup accounted for increasing risks. When compared with patients with normal BMI and no RF, CVD‐mortality risk in overweight patients with no RF was 0.76 (0.70–0.84), and in obese patients with no RF was 0.85 (0.76–0.96). The respective risk for all‐cause mortality in patients with overweight and no RF was 0.69 (0.65–0.72), and in obese patients with no RF was 0.75 (0.70–0.79). Subsequent outcomes of stroke and PVD showed similar trends. In contrast, the risk of subsequent non‐fatal CHD events and incident HF increased with higher BMI and with incremental metabolic risk factors within each BMI category. Underweight was constantly associated with increased risk for all outcomes regardless of the presence of metabolic RFs except for non‐fatal CHD events.ConclusionsIn patients with incident CVD, overweight and obesity were related to a more favourable prognosis for subsequent stroke, PVD and mortality (CVD‐related and all‐cause) irrespective of the presence of other metabolic risk factors.
Lupus erythematosus comedonicus and vegetans: A challenging definition
Authors: Pereira Ana Sofia , Cardoso José C. , Pinto Gouveia Miguel , Coutinho Inês 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA 39‐year‐old man presented with an acneiform facial eruption, bilateral vegetating erythematous plaques on the inguinal folds, focal palmoplantar keratoderma, keratotic violaceous plaques of the dorsum of both hands, and whitish striated lesions on the oral mucosa. Laboratory work‐up showed high titre of ANAs, anti‐SSA(Ro) and anti‐SSB(La) and hypocomplementemia (low C4). Three skin biopsies from different locations were suggestive of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Treatment with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day plus topical and systemic corticosteroids led to significant clinical improvement after 2 months. Lupus erythematosus comedonicus is a form of discoid CLE and clinically characterized by acneiform lesions. Vegetating lesions, named as lupus erythematosus vegetans, are extremely rare in CLE. The combination of both manifestations in our patient may be better described as ‘lupus erythematous comedonicus and vegetans’.
Differential magnetic probe based on balanced filter with high electric field suppression
Authors: Chu Rui , Chen Haidong , Che Wenquan , Xue Quan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA differential magnetic field probe based on a balanced filter is proposed to improve electric field suppression. The probe comprises a rectangular metal loop for detection and a balanced filter transmission. Three 1/4λ stepped impedance transmission lines are designed between the detective part and balanced filter for impedance matching. The balanced filter can suppress the common mode signals generated by a normal electric field but has little influence on the differential signals detected by a tangential magnetic field thus, the electric field suppression of the magnetic probe can be enhanced. The measurement results show that the working frequency of the proposed magnetic probe ranges from 10 to 20 GHz, and the electric field suppression ratio is over 35 dB from 10 to 15 GHz.
Towards intelligent design assistants for planar multibody mechanisms
Authors: Röder Benedict , Ebel Henrik , Eberhard Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeneral‐purpose mechanisms can perform a broad range of tasks but are usually rather heavy and expensive. If only particular movements need to be executed, more efficient special‐purpose mechanisms can be employed. However, they typically require an expert to design the system based on manual inspection of simulations and experimental results. This procedure is not only time‐consuming, but the outcome also depends on the expert's experience. Hence, the design process stems from subjective criteria while only a limited number of structurally different mechanisms can be considered. In contrast, a design assistant can consider a broad range of mechanisms and leverage multi‐objective optimization to retrieve optimal designs for the given task. Due to the systems being synthesized based on mathematical functions rather than individual experience, the assistant allows a more transparent development of optimal problem‐specific mechanisms compared to the conventional process. Experts can then fine‐tune and analyze the proposed designs to compose the final system. In recent years, neural networks have been utilized to directly learn the inverse mapping from a trajectory to a mechanism design. This requires some parameterization of the trajectory to be fed into the network. In this work, we evaluate various preprocessing methods for the trajectory on a simple mechanism design model problem. We assess multiple configurations such as different neural network sizes, applying input‐output normalization, and varying the number of features. Consequently, we investigate and compare the trends and robustness of the implemented methods.