bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on technology: to use or to reuse, that is the endoscopic question—a systematic review of single‐use endoscopes
Authors: Anderson Steven , Patterson Kenneth , Skolarikos Andreas , Somani Bhaskar , Bolton Damien M. , Davis Niall F. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo compare clinical outcomes of single‐use endoscopes with those of reusable endoscopes to better define their role within urology.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases was performed. All studies comparing the clinical outcomes of participants undergoing urological procedures with single‐use endoscopes to those of participants treated with reusable endoscopes were included. Results are reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement.ResultsTwenty‐one studies in 3943 participants were identified. Six different single‐use flexible ureteroscopes and two different single‐use flexible cystoscopes were assessed. There were no differences in mean postoperative infection rates (4.0% vs 4.4%;P = 0.87) or overall complication rates (11.5% vs 11.9%;P = 0.88) between single‐use and reusable endoscopes. For patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy there were no differences in operating time (mean difference −0.05 min;P = 0.96), length of hospital stay (LOS; mean difference 0.06 days;P = 0.18) or stone‐free rate (SFR; 74% vs 74.3%;P = 0.54) between the single‐use and reusable flexible ureteroscope groups.ConclusionThis study is the largest to compare the clinical outcomes of single‐use endoscopes to those of reusable endoscopes within urology, and demonstrated no difference in LOS, complication rate or SFR, with a shorter operating time associated with single‐use flexible cystoscope use. It also highlights that the cost efficiency and environmental impact of single‐use endoscopes is largely dependent on the caseload and reprocessing facilities available within a given institution. Urologists can therefore feel confident that whether they choose to ‘use’ or to ‘reuse’ based on the financial and environmental implications, they can do so without negatively impacting patient outcomes.
Cathemerality: a key temporal niche
Authors: Cox Daniel T. C. , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTGiven the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day and night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, and it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed and invariant. The term ‘cathemeral’, was coined in 1987, when Tattersall noted activity in a Madagascan primate during the hours of both daylight and darkness. Initially thought to be rare, cathemerality is now known to be a quite widespread form of time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, and mammals. Herein we provide a synthesis of present understanding of cathemeral behaviour, arguing that it should routinely be included alongside diurnal and nocturnal strategies in schemes that distinguish and categorise species across taxa according to temporal niche. This synthesis is particularly timely because (i) the study of animal activity patterns is being revolutionised by new and improved technologies; (ii) it is becoming apparent that cathemerality covers a diverse range of obligate to facultative forms, each with their own common sets of functional traits, geographic ranges and evolutionary history; (iii) daytime and nighttime activity likely plays an important but currently neglected role in temporal niche partitioning and ecosystem functioning; and (iv) cathemerality may have an important role in the ability of species to adapt to human‐mediated pressures.
Tilt table testing, methodology and practical insights for the clinic
Authors: van Zanten Steven , Sutton Richard , Hamrefors Viktor , Fedorowski Artur , de Lange Frederik J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTilt table testing (TTT) has been used for decades to study short‐term blood pressure (BP) and heart rate regulation during orthostatic challenges. TTT provokes vasovagal reflex in many syncope patients as a background of widespread use. Despite the availability of evidence‐based practice syncope guidelines, proper application and interpretation of TTT in the day‐to‐day care of syncope patients remain challenging. In this review, we offer practical information on what is needed to perform TTT, how results should be interpreted including the Vasovagal Syncope International Study classification, why syncope induction on TTT is necessary in patients with unexplained syncope and on indications for TTT in syncope patient care. The minimum requirements to perform TTT are a tilt table with an appropriate tilt‐down time, a continuous beat‐to‐beat BP monitor with at least three electrocardiogram leads and trained staff. We emphasize that TTT remains a valuable asset that adds to history building but cannot replace it, and highlight the importance of recognition when TTT is abnormal even without syncope. Acknowledgement by the patient/eyewitness of the reproducibility of the induced attack is mandatory in concluding a diagnosis. TTT may be indicated when the initial syncope evaluation does not yield a certain, highly likely, or possible diagnosis, but raises clinical suspicion of (1) reflex syncope, (2) orthostatic hypotension (OH), (3) postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome or (4) psychogenic pseudosyncope. A therapeutic indication for TTT in the patient with a certain, highly likely or possible diagnosis of reflex syncope, may be to educate patients on prodromes. In patients with reflex syncope with OH TTT can be therapeutic to recognize hypotensive symptoms causing near‐syncope to perform physical countermanoeuvres for syncope prevention (biofeedback). Detection of hypotensive susceptibility requiring therapy is of special value.
Diabetes duration, perceived comfort with self‐management and glycaemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Renaud‐Charest Olivier , Mok Elise , Frei Jennifer , Brunet Marie‐Laurence , Henderson Mélanie , Rahme Elham , Dasgupta Kaberi , Nakhla Meranda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsEvidence is lacking on whether diabetes duration is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) self‐management during late adolescence before transfer from paediatric to adult care. We examined associations of diabetes duration with dimensions of perceived comfort with diabetes self‐management (self‐efficacy, transition readiness, diabetes distress) and glycaemic control in late adolescence.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, we conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data of adolescents (ages 16–17 years) with T1D followed at paediatric diabetes academic hospitals in Montreal and enrolled in the Group Education Trial to Improve Transition (GET‐IT‐T1D). Participants completed validated questionnaires on self‐efficacy (Self‐Efficacy for Diabetes Self‐Management Measure [SEDM], score 1 to 10), diabetes distress and transition readiness, as well as a haemoglobin (HbA1c) capillary blood test. Our primary outcome was self‐efficacy. We examined associations of diabetes duration with self‐efficacy, diabetes distress, transition readiness and HbA1c using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for sex, socioeconomic status, insulin pump use, glucose sensor use and psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsOf 203 adolescents with T1D, mean diabetes duration (SD) was 7.57 (4.44) years. Mean SEDM score was 6.83 (SD 1.62). Diabetes duration was not associated with self‐efficacy, diabetes distress or transition readiness. Each additional year of diabetes duration was associated with 0.11% (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.16) higher HbA1c.ConclusionsAlthough diabetes duration is not associated with dimensions of perceived comfort with diabetes self‐management, adolescents with longer diabetes duration are at risk for higher HbA1c and may need additional support to improve glycaemic control before transition to adult care.
Good enough for outstanding growth: The experience of Bangladesh in comparative perspective
Authors: Beyer Robert C. M. , Wacker Konstantin M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivationBangladesh's economic growth rate over the past three decades has been one of the highest in the world. This success is difficult to reconcile with a single macroeconomic explanation of development.PurposePrevious studies have investigated individual aspects that can explain Bangladesh's successful development. But a consistent account of how individual factors contributed to growth is currently missing. Can factors that correlate with growth in other countries explain the outstanding growth performance of Bangladesh? Or is the country's experience unique?Methods and approachWe construct a panel data set for 149 countries since 1970 and combine growth regression techniques with a peer group comparison. Different specifications, subsamples, and estimation techniques are considered.FindingsFactors correlating with growth in other countries can well explain the growth experience of Bangladesh. But two features are specific to the country. First, a combination of “good enough” policies led to considerable growth impulses between 1990 and 2005: the country's improvements in typical correlates of growth during this period were among the global top 5% for any 15‐year period investigated. Second, despite the absence of major reforms after 2005, Bangladesh defied the mean reversion in growth rates experienced by most fast‐growing economies and peer countries.Policy implicationsOur results support the idea that a combination of “good enough” policies can jump‐start high growth in low‐income countries. Our findings further demonstrate that a stable macroeconomic and institutional environment helps when it comes to reaping the benefits of structural improvements in the long run.
Shannon‐Cosine wavelet precision integration method for image enhancement based on fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Liu Meng , Min Zhao , Li Li , Cattani Piercarlo , Mei Shuli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFractional order partial differential equations have a wide range of applications in image processing. The solution of partial differential equations is generally obtained using the finite difference method, which still requires improvement in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. In this work, a multi‐scale interpolative wavelet operator is constructed by means of Shannon‐Cosine wavelets with interpolation, smoothness, compact support and other excellent properties. We use the wavelet operator instead of the finite difference operator to solve fractional‐order partial differential equations. The proposed method can limit the artefacts and remove the noises appeared in the processed images effectively. In addition, for the loss of texture in the denoised image, we enhance the image by employing fractional order differential equations to improve the quality of the image. Finally, the biological sections images are taken as the examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Ensemble learning model identifies adaptation classification and turning points of river microbial communities in response to heatwaves
Authors: Qu Qian , Xu Jing , Kang Weilu , Feng Ruihong , Hu Xiangang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeatwaves are a global issue that threaten microbial populations and deteriorate ecosystems. However, how river microbial communities respond to heatwaves and whether and how high temperatures exceed microbial adaptation remain unclear. In this study, we proposed four types of pulse temperature‐induced microbial responses and predicted the possibility of microbial adaptation to high temperature in global rivers using ensemble machine learning models. Our findings suggest that microbial communities in parts of South American (e.g., Brazil and Chile) and Southeast Asian (e.g., Vietnam) countries are likely to change due to heatwave disturbance from 25 to 37°C for consecutive days. Furthermore, the microbial communities in approximately 48.4% of the global river gauge stations are prone to fast stress inadaptation, with approximately 76.9% of these stations expected to exceed microbial adaptation after heatwave disturbances. If emissions of particulate matter with sizes not more than 2.5 μm (PM2.5, an indicator of human activities) increase by twofold, the number of global rivers associated with the fast stress adaptation type will decrease by ~13.7% after heatwave disturbances. Understanding microbial responses is crucially important for effective ecosystem management, especially for fragile and sensitive rivers facing heatwave events.
Efficacy and safety of minocycline quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A meta‐analysis of RCTs
Authors: Gao Wenwen , Zhu Mingliang , Yin Yanhui , Zhang Xiang , Wang Lu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effective regimen is lacking in areas with high antibiotic resistance and tetracycline unavailable. Whether minocycline can replace tetracycline for Helicobacter pylori eradication is unknown. This meta‐analysis compared and summarized the efficacy and safety profiles of H. pylori quadruple regimens with and without minocycline.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a literature search for regimens including minocycline quadruple therapy for H. pylori eradication and adverse events (AEs). Controls were patients undergoing any other treatment without minocycline. Searches were performed up to July 20, 2023, using PubMed and the Cochrane library.ResultsA total of five randomized controlled clinical trials with 2004 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The H. pylori eradication rate of minocycline quadruple therapy was similar with that of control therapy (83.8% vs. 80.6%, OR 1.25, 95% CI [0.99–1.57], I2 = 0%, p = 0.06) in ITT analysis. When treatment regimens with minocycline were compared only with treatment regimens with tetracycline, no significant difference was found in eradication rate:85.5% vs. 85.5%, OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.67–1.47, p = 1.00. But when treatment regimens with minocycline were compared with treatment regimens without tetracycline, the former was significantly superiority to the latter (82.7% vs. 77.2%; OR, 1.40, 95% CI 1.06–1.87, p = 0.02). The incidence of AEs in the quadruple therapy with minocycline group was similar with the control group (35.9% vs. 38.8%, OR 0.88, 95% CI [0.73–1.06], I2 = 13%, p = 0.17).ConclusionsWe demonstrated the H. pylori eradication effect of minocycline quadruple therapy, and it might be an optional therapy. The safety of regimens containing minocycline was relatively satisfactory.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of different screening strategies for helicobacter pylori infection in Iran: A model‐based evaluation
Authors: Yousefi Mahmood , Rezaei Satar , Khoshbaten Manouchehr , Sarmasti Maryam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends assessing screening for helicobacter pylori infection to lower gastric cancer (GC) rates. Therefore, we carried out a study to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of different H. pylori screening approaches in Iran.Materials and MethodsWe used a Markov model with a 50‐year time horizon and health system perspective to compare four H. pylori screening strategies (endoscopy, serology, urea breath test [UBT], stool antigen test [SAT]) to no screening in the population aged 20 years and older in Iran. Model parameters were extracted from primary data and published studies. Cost data also came from medical records of 120 patients at different stages of GC. We calculated costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for each strategy. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) using Monte Carlo simulation tested the model's robustness. All analyses were done in TreeAge Pro 2020.ResultsAll screening strategies provided more QALYs compared to no screening. Base‐case analysis found the UBT strategy was the most cost‐effective, with an ICER of 101,106,261.5 Iranian rial (IRR) per QALY gained, despite being more costly. No screening and endoscopy were dominated strategies, meaning they had higher costs but provided fewer effectiveness compared to other options. PSA showed at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of 316,112,349 IRR (Iran's GDP per capita) per QALY, UBT was the optimal strategy in 57.1% of iterations.ConclusionThis cost‐effectiveness analysis found that screening for H. pylori may be cost‐effective in Iran. Among the 4 screening strategies examined, UBT was the most cost‐effective approach. Further studies should do cost‐effectiveness analyses for specific age groups to optimize the benefits achieved with limited resources.
Das Verhalten von Pyrrhulina vittata (Regan) (Teleostei, Characidae)
Authors: Schapitz Wolfgang 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Verhalten des Characiden Pyrrhulina vittata (Regan) wird untersucht.Außerhalb der Fortpflanzungszeit sind die Geschlechter gleich gefärbt; Ähnliches gilt für die Kampffärbung. Am stärksten unterscheiden sie sich bei der Fortpflanzung.Zum agonistischen Verhalten gehört der Schiebekampf, bei dem sich die Gegner unter heftigem Maulschnappen zur Seite zu drängen suchen. Daneben finden sich auch turnierartige Kämpfe mit Rammstößen. ♂♂ und ♀♀ kämpfen auf gleiche Weise.In der Gefangenschaft wurde das Fortpflanzungsverhalten stets durch solche Kämpfe eingeleitet. Nur wenn das ♂ Sieger bleibt, kommt es zur Balz, in der das ♂ unter wedelndem Schwimmen zuerst den Laichplatz sucht, von dem aus es dann das ♀ in sexuell‐aggressivem Konflikt anschwimmt. Zum Ablaichen muß sich das ♀ direkt neben dem ♂ auf dem Laichplatz niederlassen. Ein Aktionsdiagramm zeigt den Verlauf von Balz und Ablaichen.Noch während des Ablaichens beginnt die Brutpflege des ♂. Es wedelt über dem Gelege, entfernt durch Putzen unbesamte Eier und greift alle möglichen belebten und unbelebten Objekte an. Das Wedeln bei der Balz und über dem Gelege ist im Bewegungsablauf gleich; die auslösenden Reize sind verschieden. In ähnlicher Weise entsprechen sich Putz‐ und Angriffsbewegungen.Die Brutpflege wird an Hand eines Aktionsdiagramms über die ersten zwei Tage verfolgt (Abb. 9). Seine Auswertung und die Beobachtungen ergaben:Während des Ablaichens wird mit dem Auftreten des Wedelns das Laichfressen blockiert. Der Putztrieb erwacht schon vor dem Erscheinen der verpilzten Eier und erlöscht erst einige Zeit nach der Entfernung derselben. Vorher und nachher macht er sich an Ersatzobjekten Luft. Das Schlüpfen der Embryonen hemmt den Wedeltrieb; dies führt zu Übersprung‐Angriffen.Das Verhalten des Pyrrhulina‐♂ bildet mit den Außenreizen eine Reaktionskette, die die Funktionskreise der Balz, des Ablaichens und der Brutpflege miteinander verknüpft. Zum Schluß wird die vermutliche Stammesgeschichte des Fortpflanzungsverhaltens des Pyrrhulina‐♂ erörtert.
Zur Biologie des Zwergchamäleons (Microsaurus pumilus)
Authors: von Frisch Otto 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungSechs alte und dreizehn junge Zwergchamäleons wurden über längere Zeit unter verschiedenen Bedingungen gehalten und beobachtet.Beim Nahrungserwerb ergab sich eine bevorzugte Zungenschußentfernung, die abhängig von der Größe der Tiere ist. Ausreichende (Überangcbot) und abwechslungsreiche Nahrung ist notwendig.Eine Tagestemperatur von 25° C und eine nächtliche von 15°—18° C sowie eine Luftfeuchtigkeit von 40 % scheint den Tieren am besten zuzusagen.Die Chamäleons haben bevorzugte Aufenthaltsorte für den Tag und einen Schlafplatz, den sie abends immer wieder aufsuchen. Sie besitzen ein außerordentlich gutes Orientierungsvermögen. Untereinander sind sie nicht sehr verträglich, können aber auf größerem Raum und bei richtiger Auswahl der Tiere zusammen gehalten werden.♂♂ und ♀♀ drohen verschieden. ♂♂ sind aggressiver und erkenner. einen Geschlechtsgenossen auf große Entfernung.Die Begattung wurde mehrfach beobachtet. Die ♀♀ verhalten sich ziemlich passiv oder versuchen sogar, das ♂ abzuwehren.Ein ♀ gebar knapp 3 Monate nach der Begattung. Gegen Ende der Tragzeit wird das ♀ sehr dick, hängt ruhig an einem Zweig und frißt wenig. Bei der Geburt bleiben die Jungen, die zuerst noch von der Eihaut umgeben sind. meist mit dieser an Pflanzenteilen kleben, stoßen sich dann durch und gehen gleich im Geäst davon. Es werden etwa 12–16 Junge geboren. Das ♀ ist nach dem Geburtsakt sehr matt und braucht sehr viel Futter, um wieder zu Kräften zu kommen.Die Jungen fressen und trinken vom ersten Tag an, schießen aber anfangs zu tief und müssen lernen richtig zu treffen. Mit etwa 6 Monaten haben sie ½ der ausgewachsenen Tiere erreicht. Nachts suchen sie von selbst kühlere Plätze auf.
The dissociation of (a+c) misfit dislocations at the InGaN/GaN interface
Authors: Smalc‐Koziorowska J. , Moneta J. , Muzioł G. , Chromiński W. , Kernke R. , Albrecht M. , Schulz T. , Belabbas I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn hexagonal materials, (a+c) dislocations are typically observed to dissociate into partial dislocations. Edge (a+c) dislocations are introduced into (0001) nitride semiconductor layers by the process of plastic relaxation. As there is an increasing interest in obtaining relaxed InGaN buffer layers for the deposition of high In content structures, the study of the dissociation mechanism of misfit (a+c) dislocations laying at the InGaN/GaN interface is then crucial for understanding their nucleation and glide mechanisms. In the case of the presented plastically relaxed InGaN layers deposited on GaN substrates, we observe a trigonal network of (a+c) dislocations extending at the interface with a rotation of 3° from <100> directions. High‐resolution microscopy studies show that these dislocations are dissociated into two Frank–Shockley 1/6<203> partial dislocations with the I1 BSF spreading between them. Atomistic simulations of a dissociated edge (a+c) dislocation revealed a 3/5‐atom ring structure for the cores of both partial dislocations. The observed separation between two partial dislocations must result from the climb of at least one of the dislocations during the dissociation process, possibly induced by the mismatch stress in the InGaN layer.
Oral microbiome characterization in oral mucositis patients—A systematic review
Authors: Frey‐Furtado Leonor , Magalhães Inês , Sampaio‐Maia Benedita , Azevedo Maria João 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is a severe and common adverse effect of cancer treatment. The oral microbiome appears to play a role on the onset and severity of OM. Therefore, this systematic review aims to characterize the oral dysbiosis associated with OM.MethodsThe PRISMA checklist was followed and PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were screened for clinical studies characterizing the oral microbiome alterations in patients with OM.ResultsFrom a total of 2500 articles retrieved, we included nine articles in this systematic review. Certain types of bacteria, as Fusobacterium, were recognized as predictors of the onset of OM. In addition, it was reported that patients with severe OM presented a reduction in alpha‐diversity, an increase in beta‐diversity. The abundance of some taxa significantly changed with OM severity, with Bacillota phylum and genera Leptotrichia, Actinomyces, and Prevotella decreasing and Treponema increasing with disease progression. Additionally, during cancer treatment, changes in the oral microbiome have been observed in OM patients, with an increase in Candida and nosocomial pathogens, including Staphylococcus species.ConclusionOur review indicates that cancer treatment can significantly alter the oral microbiome, with more pronounced changes observed in patients with severe OM in all relevant oral phyla, but more pronounced in Bacillota phylum.