bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel endoscopic hemostasis-assisted navigation AI system in the standardization of post-ESD coagulation
Authors: Fujinami Haruka , Kuraishi Shun , Teramoto Akira , Shimada Seitaro , Takahashi Saeko , Ando Takayuki , Yasuda Ichiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims While gastric endoscopic submucosal
dissection (ESD) has become a treatment with fewer complications, delayed bleeding remains a
challenge. Post-ESD coagulation (PEC) is performed to prevent delayed bleeding. Therefore, we
developed an artificial intelligence (AI) to detect vessels that require PEC in real
time.
Materials and methods Training data were extracted from 153
gastric ESD videos with sufficient images taken with a second-look endoscopy (SLE) and
annotated as follows: (1) vessels that showed bleeding during SLE without PEC; (2) vessels
that did not bleed during SLE with PEC; and (3) vessels that did not bleed even without PEC.
The training model was created using Google Cloud Vertex AI and a program was created to
display the vessels requiring PEC in real time using a bounding box. The evaluation of this AI
was verified with 12 unlearned test videos, including four cases that required additional
coagulation during SLE.
Results The results of the test video validation indicated that
109 vessels on the ulcer required cauterization. Of these, 80 vessels (73.4%) were correctly
determined as not requiring additional treatment. However, 25 vessels (22.9%), which did not
require PEC, were overestimated. In the four videos that required additional coagulation in
SLE, AI was able to detect all bleeding vessels.
Conclusions The effectiveness and safety of this endoscopic
treatment-assisted AI system that identifies visible vessels requiring PEC should be confirmed
in future studies.
An Evaluation of Anatomic Referencing for Femoral Component Sizing Using Computed Tomography-Based Computer Modeling
Authors: Campbell Brett , Weinberg Max , Bischoff Jeffrey , Scuderi Giles R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOne of the critical steps in total knee arthroplasty is femoral component positioning and sizing. Historically, there was wider variability between femoral component sizes, necessitating the concepts of anterior referencing (AR) and posterior referencing (PR). With the introduction of smaller increments between sizes, the concept of anatomic referencing has been introduced to replace AR and PR. The intent of this study was to validate the concept of anatomic referencing and show that with 2 mm increments in femoral sizes, the femoral component can be placed flush to the anterior cortex while maintaining posterior condylar offset (PCO). Digital surface models were created using 515 femurs from an established computed tomography database. Virtual bone resections, component sizing and placement were performed assuming neutral mechanical axis and a cartilage thickness of 2 mm. The appropriately sized femoral component, which had 2 mm incremental sizes, was placed flush with the anterior cortex with restoration of the PCO. The anterior–posterior distance from the posterior surface of the component to the medial and lateral surfaces of the posterior condylar cartilage were measured. The medial condyle was the limiting condyle in the majority of cases (73%). The average medial gap after appropriate femoral component matching was 0.6 mm (0.39–1.41 mm) across all sizes. The overall average condylar gap was 1.02 mm. The most common femoral component was a size 7 (57.2 mm) and the average femoral AP width was 55.9 mm. Anatomic referencing with an implant system that has 2-mm increments in femoral component sizing provides an alternative to AR and PR without compromise. Anatomic referencing allows for perfect alignment of the anterior flange of the femoral component to the anterior cortex of the femur while restoring the native PCO to within 1 mm. This avoids having to choose between AR or PR when in between femoral sizes.
Online vs in-person learning in higher education: effects on student achievement and recommendations for leadership
Authors: Alarifi Bandar N. , Song Steve 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study is a comparative analysis of online distance learning and traditional in-person education at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on understanding how different educational modalities affect student achievement. The justification for this study lies in the rapid shift towards online learning, especially highlighted by the educational changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the final test scores of freshman students in five core courses over the 2020 (in-person) and 2021 (online) academic years, the research provides empirical insights into the efficacy of online versus traditional education. Initial observations suggested that students in online settings scored lower in most courses. However, after adjusting for variables like gender, class size, and admission scores using multiple linear regression, a more nuanced picture emerged. Three courses showed better performance in the 2021 online cohort, one favored the 2020 in-person group, and one was unaffected by the teaching format. The study emphasizes the crucial need for a nuanced, data-driven strategy in integrating online learning within higher education systems. It brings to light the fact that the success of educational methodologies is highly contingent on specific contextual factors. This finding advocates for educational administrators and policymakers to exercise careful and informed judgment when adopting online learning modalities. It encourages them to thoroughly evaluate how different subjects and instructional approaches might interact with online formats, considering the variable effects these might have on learning outcomes. This approach ensures that decisions about implementing online education are made with a comprehensive understanding of its diverse and context-specific impacts, aiming to optimize educational effectiveness and student success.
Identification and localization of transmission lines for live working in distribution network
Authors: Li Jinbin , Jian Xu , Zhang Liang , Sun Shuangxue , Li Shengzu , Wang Gang , An Jianqi 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, aiming at the current distribution network with power operation in the presence of outdoor bright light, the operating scene is complex and not fixed, the transmission lines and lead samples are small and uneven, leading to poor accuracy of machine learning and other methods of distribution network with power operation robot identification and localization, this paper selects three-dimensional LIDAR to design a set of support vector machine (SVM) classifier and correlation analysis based on the target recognition method. This paper selects three-dimensional LIDAR to design a set of support vector machine (SVM) classifier and correlation analysis based on the target recognition method. First, in the context of power distribution network operations, we have explored various filtering methods suitable for preprocessing transmission line data. These methods aim to remove outliers and clutter from point clouds, thus enhancing both point cloud quality and processing speed. This, in turn, improves the efficiency of real-time on-site detection. We conducted experimental comparisons of various clustering algorithms and opted for a region-based point cloud clustering algorithm to achieve the segmentation of individual point clouds. Secondly, we proposed a multi-feature composite approach based on the Viewpoint Feature Histogram (VFH) features, which helps maintain the scale-invariant characteristics of the features. We then introduced a multi-feature composite criterion based on VFH features to extract features from segmented point clouds. Subsequently, an SVM classifier based on this composite feature criterion was developed to achieve target identification and classification. Experimental results have demonstrated improved accuracy in target identification. Finally, we integrated this system with a bucket-arm vehicle for coordinate conversion and precise navigation of the robot to the target station. This method significantly improves the overall operational efficiency of power distribution tasks.
The suitability of a dynamic coastal lake to support the diadromous fish Galaxias maculatus
Authors: Meijer Christopher G. , Hickford Michael J. H. , Gray Duncan P. , Schiel David R. 
Published: January 2024

Context Globally, intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) can constitute highly productive coastal environments that support a range of fisheries. With growing pressures on fish communities, understanding the role of ICOLL management in population dynamics is increasingly important for conservation. Aims To determine whether the flood-driven management and environmental degradation of New Zealand’s largest coastal lake, Te Waihora–Lake Ellesmere, has created a conflict with the life history of diadromous īnanga, Galaxias maculatus Jenyns, potentially limiting persistence of this species. Methods The timing of post-larval migration of īnanga was assessed over 2 years (2021 and 2022) and compared with historic patterns of managed lake openings. Immigrating īnanga individuals were tagged to assess subsequent development, before potential reproductive output was quantified using artificial spawning substrates. Key results Peak migration periods were mismatched with the timing of most lake openings. After quickly transiting into tributaries, īnanga seemingly died within a few months. No spawning was detected. Conclusions and implications The mismatch between lake opening management and the annual life history of īnanga prevents the reliable supply of post-larvae needed to sustain a persistent population, with severe environmental degradation being likely to restrict subsequent survival through summer conditions. This study has highlighted the need for management interventions to be tuned to the life histories of at-risk species.
Sexual dysfunction: a study on learning experience of Australian medical students
Authors: Ramanathan Vijayasarathi , Sawaqed Maya 
Published: January 2024

Background Research has shown that clinicians are not comfortable managing sexual dysfunction (SD), and there are gaps in the SD-specific training of medical students in the US and the UK. However, there is little research into the extent of SD-specific training needs and learning experiences of Australian medical students. This study aims to explore the extent of students’ learning experiences and training gaps in the postgraduate medical curriculum at one Australian university. Methods The study was completed as part of the Doctor of Medicine program requirement, and due ethics approval was obtained. An anonymous 10-item online questionnaire, including one open-ended question was created and distributed to all final-year medical students at the University of Sydney. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistical measures, and a thematic analysis was used for the open-ended question. Results There are 252 final-year medical students at the University of Sydney, of which 31 students completed the questionnaire, giving a 12% response rate. Of the 31 respondents, the majority of students reported that they never (n = 7; 23%) or rarely (n = 16; 52%) had opportunities to interact with patients presenting with SD throughout their training. Erectile dysfunction was the topic that all students had some training, whereas female orgasmic disorder was the topic that students had the least training. Of all the students who reported receiving training in the medication/substance-induced SD (n = 26), one in two (n = 14, 54%) reported feeling unprepared. Only 55% of students (n = 17) felt comfortable to initiate discussions around SD with patients, whereas 84% of students (n = 26) felt comfortable to discuss SD when the patient initiated the conversation. Students expressed a need for training on how to address these sensitive topics with patients, with more emphasis on the management of SD. Conclusion The data suggests that the current medical curriculum at the University of Sydney does offer some training in SD, but it is not adequate enough to confidently and comfortably manage SD. Considerations should be made to the curriculum to facilitate a broader recognition and understanding of SD and to prepare future clinicians to adequately address and manage SD.
Meta-semantic practices in social interaction
Authors: Deppermann Arnulf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn social interaction, different kinds of word-meaning can become problematic for participants. This study analyzes two meta-semantic practices, definitions and specifications, which are used in response to clarification requests in German implemented by the formatWas heißt X(‘What does X mean?’). In the data studied, definitions are used to convey generalizable lexical meanings of mostly technical terms. These terms are either unknown to requesters, or, in pedagogical contexts, requesters ask in order to check the addressee’s knowledge. Specifications, in contrast, clarify aspects of local speaker meanings of ordinary expressions (e.g., reference, participants in an event, standards applied to scalar expressions). Both definitions and specifications are recipient-designed with respect to the (presumed) knowledge of the addressee and tailored to the topical and practical relevancies of the current interaction. Both practices attest to the flexibility and situatedness of speakers’ semantic understandings and to the systematicity of using meta-semantic practices differentially for different kinds of semantic problems. Data are come from mundane and institutional interaction in German from the public corpus FOLK.
Domain dichotomy and sociolinguistic inequality in Philippine museum spaces
Authors: Manalastas Nicko Enrique L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The prevailing notion on the scholastic domains of English and Filipino is that the former is used for science, whereas the latter is reserved for the social sciences. Despite its questionable veracity, this domain dichotomy has nevertheless been adopted in Philippine education, particularly in the 1974 Bilingual Education Policy (Sibayan, 1978; Gonzalez, 1990). Using Scollon and Scollon’s (2003) concept of emplacement and Kress and van Leeuwen’s (1996) information value as theoretical points of departure and Tupas’ (2008, 2015a) ‘Unequal Englishes’ paradigm as an analytical framework, this paper investigates whether this dichotomy has permeated into the Linguistic Landscapes of two national museums in Manila. It finds that there is a strong tendency for the natural history museum to privilege English in bilingual signs and the anthropological museum to privilege Filipino, thereby suggesting that this split has already been reified in language practices outside the realm of education policy making and politics.
Electrical transport in epitaxially grown undoped and Si-doped degenerate GaN films
Authors: Monish Mohammad , Major S S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the electrical transport properties of undoped and Si-doped, degenerate GaN heteroepitaxial films grown on sapphire by reactive rf sputtering of GaAs (and Si) in Ar-N2 mixture. The room temperature electrical measurements showed that the resistivity of undoped GaN film grown at 100% N2 was ∼2 × 105 Ω cm, which reduced to ∼1 Ω cm in Si-doped film, revealing the effect of Si doping. With decrease of N2 from 100% to 75%, the carrier concentration of Si-doped films increased from ∼7 × 1018 cm−3 to ∼2 × 1019 cm−3, but remained practically unchanged as N2 was decreased to 20%, which is explained by effects due to saturation of Si doping and increase of Ga interstitials as well as compensation by N interstitials and Ga vacancies. Undoped and Si-doped films grown below 20% N2 displayed similar carrier concentrations (∼1020 cm−3), due to dominance of Ga interstitials. Both undoped and Si-doped films were degenerate and displayed increase of mobility with carrier concentration and temperature, which was analyzed by the combined effect of ionized impurity and dislocation scattering, using compensation ratio as fitting parameter. At carrier concentrations ≲1019 cm−3, the mobility was governed by both ionized impurity and dislocation scattering, while at higher carrier concentrations, ionized impurity scattering was found to dominate, limited by compensation due to acceptors. In spite of the degenerate character, the films displayed a small decrease of carrier concentration with temperature, along with a nearly linear decrease of mobility, which are explained by a marginal increase of compensation ratio with decrease of temperature, taking into account the band edge fluctuation effects. These features of electrical transport have not been much explored for heteroepitaxial, n-type degenerate GaN films, possessing high density of dislocations and point defects.
Insight into the physical properties of Rb2YCuX6 (X = Br and I) lead-free elpasolite for high-energy applications
Authors: Bibi Safia , Husain Mudasser , Tirth Vineet , Ben Ahmed Samia , Rahman Nasir , Azzouz-Rached Ahmed , Ullah Hamid , Khan Muhammad Yaqoob , Khan Aurangzeb 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study explores the intriguing properties of lead-free Rb2YCuX6 (X = Br and I) elpasolite, a novel class of A2B’B‘X6 double perovskite materials, focusing on their structural, mechanical, and optoelectronic characteristics. The stability of the cubic structures was rigorously confirmed by calculating the tolerance factor, and octahedral factor, and employing the Birch-Murnaghan equation of states. Mechanical stability was confirmed through the examination of various parameters, revealing the materials as incompressible, hard, ductile, and anisotropic double perovskites. Analyzing the electronic band structure and density of states unveiled a distinctive indirect band gap of 2.46 eV for Rb2YCuBr6 and 2.12 eV for Rb2YCuI6, from L-X symmetry points. The optical parameters of these double perovskites were computed to evaluate their use in optical devices. Notably, their minimal light scattering, refractive index ranging from approximately 1.5 to 2, and broad absorption band within the visible spectrum make them highly suitable for optoelectronic applications, emphasizing their potential role in energy conservation and high-energy scenarios.
Fitness effects of a demography-dispersal trade-off in expanding Saccharomyces cerevisiae mats
Authors: Hall Rebekah , Bandara Akila , Charlebois Daniel A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fungi expand in space and time to form complex multicellular communities. The mechanisms by which they do so can vary dramatically and determine the life-history and dispersal traits of expanding populations. These traits influence deterministic and stochastic components of evolution, resulting in complex eco-evolutionary dynamics during colony expansion. We perform experiments on budding yeast strains genetically engineered to display rough-surface and smooth-surface phenotypes in colony-like structures called ‘mats’. Previously, it was shown that the rough-surface strain has a competitive advantage over the smooth-surface strain when grown on semi-solid media. We experimentally observe the emergence and expansion of segments with a distinct smooth-surface phenotype during rough-surface mat development. We propose a trade-off between dispersal and local carrying capacity to explain the relative fitness of these two phenotypes. Using a modified stepping-stone model, we demonstrate that this trade-off gives the high-dispersing, rough-surface phenotype a competitive advantage from standing variation, but that it inhibits this phenotype’s ability to invade a resident smooth-surface population via mutation. However, the trade-off improves the ability of the smooth-surface phenotype to invade in rough-surface mats, replicating the frequent emergence of smooth-surface segments in experiments. Together, these computational and experimental findings advance our understanding of the complex eco-evolutionary dynamics of fungal mat expansion.
High power narrow linewidth fiber laser based on superfluorescent white noise modulation
Authors: Shan X , Hou T , Li F , Zhu R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High power narrow linewidth fiber lasers have important applications in the fields of national defense, military and industrial intelligent manufacturing. At present, the power enhancement of narrow linewidth lasers is limited by the nonlinear and thermal effects of fiber, among which the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect is highly destructive due to its low threshold. The SBS effect is easily produced using a single frequency laser as the seed of a high power narrow linewidth laser directly. The Brillouin scattering threshold can be effectively increased by broadening the spectrum line at a single frequency. A spectral broadening technique for single frequency lasers based on superfluorescent white noise modulation was proposed. The broadband characteristics of the amplified spontaneous emission light source to generate noise voltage on the photodetector was employed, and the lithium niobate electro-optical modulator was driven to perform broadband phase modulation in a single frequency laser. The phase modulation broadening of the single frequency laser was carried out using superfluorescent white noise. Different linewidth broadening effects of single frequency lasers were realized by changing the amplitude of the white noise. An experimental platform of the four-stage main oscillation power amplification structure was built, and a high power narrow linewidth laser with output power of 2 kW and spectral linewidth of 0.15 nm (10 dB) was realized, which effectively inhibited the SBS effect of the laser.
Coherent control of parametric generation of laser beams via intersubband transitions in quantum wells
Authors: Batoo K M , Kamona S M Husein , Zaki Sh H , Lafta H A , Hussain S , Khazaal W M , Hamoody A H M , Abdulkadhim A H , Shaghnab M L , Rasen F A , Alawadi A , Alsalamy A 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the propagation dynamics of laser beams within a semiconductor quantum well (QW) system. The study explores various scenarios involving different detuning values and spatially varying incident beams. The light–matter interaction within the QW system shows a complex interplay between detuning, spatial characteristics, and beam properties. In the resonant case, where the detuning values for probe and signal beams are zero, we observe exponential relaxation of both beams reaching a common value. Introducing detuning leads to oscillatory behaviors, with larger detuning values promoting more pronounced oscillations and an enhanced signal beam. The investigation takes an intriguing turn when we consider position-dependent incident beams. In these cases, the spatial patterns of the initial beam are transferred to the generated beam, leading to soliton-like propagation and the creation of beams with specific spatial dependencies. Remarkably, under substantial detuning, both incident and generated beams adopt periodic patterns in two dimensions, forming lattice structures with spot-like peak intensities. These findings underscore the versatility and controllability of the QW system, offering opportunities for engineered spatial and spectral properties in laser beams.