bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microleakage at the etched enamel-resin interface with bonded orthodontic brackets
Authors: Lee Steven M.H. , Freer Terence J. , Basford Kay E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate microleakage at the etched enamel-resin interface of directly bonded orthodontic brackets using a 2% aqueous fluorescein solution as a tracer. The buccal surfaces of 3 groups of30 extracted premolar teeth were etched and Begg plastic brackets were directly bonded. One group was kept in Hanks’ Balanced Salt solution for 24 hours at 37 degrees C (24 hour control group). Another group was thermally cycled between 4 degrees C and 60 degrees C for 200 minutes (thermal cycling group). The last group was aged in Hank’s Balanced Salt solution for 3 months at 37 degrees C (3 months aging group). Each tooth was then sectioned bucco-lingually through the centre of the bracket and the section was examined with an ultraviolet light microscope. The depth of fluorescein penetration along the enamel- resin interface was measured using a calibrated eyepiece graticule.
The results of this study showed that: (i) microleakage occurred in 93.3% of the 24 hour control group, 91.6% of the 3 month aging group and 100% of the thermal cycling group, (ii) large variations in the microleakage depths were observed although, in the majority of cases, the fluorescein penetrated less than 0.27mm, (iii) a significant difference (p <0.01) existed between the control teeth and the thermally cycled teeth with thermal cycling increasing the mean microleakage depth, and (iv) there was no significant difference between mean microleakage depth for the control teeth and teeth that were aged for 3 months but a tendency towards reduced microleakage after ageing was observed.
The Importance of mechanical behaviour in orthodontic archwires
Authors: Hazel Roger J. , West Victoir C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For many years it has been recognised that the mechanical behaviour of the archwire material plays a central role in orthodontic treatment. Burstone et al (1961) recognised this in their analyses of the forces obtained from cantilevers and springs. Waters and his co-workers (1970-1975) have extended these analyses to include more complex appliances. A consequence of these theoretical examinations was the recognition of the mechanical parameters which were most important in practice. It is the intention in this paper to describe these parameters and to present data, obtained by the authors and from the literature, to compare a number of different archwire materials.
Clinical studies on glass ionomer cements: Part 2 - A two year clinical study comparing glass ionomer cement with zinc phosphate cement
Authors: Fricker John P. , McLachlan Mark D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A clinical trial has been carried out on 198 patients with fixed appliances to compare the relative performance of a glass ionomer cement with a zinc phosphate cement as an orthodontic luting agent. It was found that 13.2% of zinc phosphate cemented bands became loose over 24 months compared with 2.3% of bands cemented with glass ionomer. Furthermore, glass ionomer cement appeared to protect the enamel against demineralisation beneath the bands.
Primary dentition occlusion in Chinese, Indian and Malay groups in Malaysia
Authors: Woon Kok Chin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A survey of the primary occlusion in the three ethnic groups, Chinese, Indians and Malays was carried out in Malaysian preschool children between the ages of 3 to 6 years. The main criteria used in the selection of sample was the presence of only the primary dentition. A wide combination of different types of spacing was found. Approximately one third of the cases had incisor spacing and primate spacing in both arches. The occurrence of spacing mesial and distal to canines was just as common as the primate spacing. Chinese and Malay had almost similar distribution of different types of occlusion, whilst the Indians had a higher incidence of Class II malocclusion. An average of 2 4% of the sample had posterior crossbite. Rotation of the incisors formed an average of 17 79% of the cases, with significantly more rotation of the lower arch. The most common rotated teeth were the bilateral mesiolabial rotation of the lower central incisors. Where the rotation of the unilateral lateral incisor was present it was in the distolabial direction.
Dentofacial Orthopaedic Correction of Maxillary Retrusion with the Protraction Facemask - a literature review
Authors: Goh GekKiow , Kaan Sheung K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The retruded maxilla in the Class III skeletal pattern could be effectively corrected with the protraction facemask in selected cases. A review of the different types of orthopaedic appliances used in Class III treatment, the rationale for facemask therapy, the effect of this treatment and the factors affecting stability is presented.
Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Occurrence and Remediation
Authors: Prasad Majeti Narasimha Vara , Elchuri Sailaja V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Certain contaminants are termed as emerging (Contaminants of Emerging Concern, CEC) since all aspects of these pollutants are not known and their regulation is not ununiform across the nations. The CECs include many classes of compounds that are used in various industries, plant protection chemicals, personal care products and medicines. They accumulate in waterbodies, soils, organisms including humans. They cause deleterious effects on plant animal and human health. Therefore, alternative greener synthesis of these chemicals, sustainable economic methods of waste disposal, scaling up and circular methods using sludge for removing the contaminants are innovative methods that are pursued. There are several improvements in chemical waste treatments using electro-oxidation coupled with solar energy, high performing recycled granular activated charcoal derived from biomass are few advances in the field. Similarly, use of enzymes from microbes for waste removals is a widely used technique for bioremediation. The organisms are genetically engineered to remove hazardous chemicals, dyes, and metals. Novel technologies for mining economically the precious and rare earth elements from e-waste can improve circular economy. However, there is additional need for participation of various nations in working towards greener Earth. There should be pollution awareness in local communities that can work along with Government legislations.
Science and Society - A New Era for Science Communication in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Krzeczkowska Małgorzata , Slabon Adam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The high degree of interest in scientific topics (science and research) has been observed especially since the pandemic. This includes the ongoing transition of the chemical industry toward sustainability because the accompanied changes have to be coordinated in dialogue with society. Parallelly, there is increasing interest in science communication in general, as well as the increasing need for its proper understanding. How we communicate is probably today as important as what we communicate. The purpose of this study is to explore how society perceives science, research, scientific results, and their role in the modern world. The method used in the study was a diagnostic survey, and the data was collected using an online questionnaire. This study used a quantitative method. The results showed that science communication needs to be developed much more with special attention paid to the economic, social, and political context. The results analysed and integrated in this article could provide substantive suggestions and help develop science communication.
The Impact of the Employee’s Personal Characteristics on the Abuse of Sickness Absence: Empirical Evidence From Poland
Authors: Jurek Łukasz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The tendency to abuse sickness absence is a complex problem conditioned by many factors, that can be divided, depending on the level of impact, into three groups: micro (related to personal characteristics), meso (related to the work environment), and macro (related to the broader environment). The subject of interest in the article is the first level (micro). The aim is to evaluate the impact of various personal factors on the declared abuse of sickness leave in Poland.

Research Design & Methods
The data was gathered using the CAWI survey. The research sample consisted of 1067 respondents (full-time employees). Statistical analysis incorporated multivariable linear regression and structural equation modelling.

Findings
Some personal characteristics have a significant impact on the declared abuse of sick leave. These factors are: gender, age, number of children, place of living, marital status, and subjective health. We found no impact of education and financial status.

Implications & Recommendations
Although abusing sick leave is a serious economic and organisational problem, its causes still remain relatively poorly recognised. Personal characteristics determine the propensity to abuse sick leave, and they need to be taken into account under the process of managing absence behaviours.

Contribution & Value Added
The added value of the study is drawing attention to the new personal factors which were not previously identified as a determinant of abuse of sick leave. These are: the number of children, place of living, and marital status.
Analisis Daya Dukung Pondasi Proyek Pendidikan SMK 1 Rangas Kabupaten Mamuju Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Patah Dahlia , Ridhayani Irma , Manaf Abdi , Mahmuda Ali Fauzi 
Published: January 2024

Pondasi merupakan struktur bawah dari suatu bangunan yang berfungsi menopang strukur atasnya. Pondasi berfungsi menahan beban-beban dari atas, sehingga pondasi didisain dapat bertahan jika terjadi gempa ataupun kelebihan beban dan tidak boleh gagal terlebih dahulu. Beban dari struktur atas didistribusikan melalui kolom dengan nilai tegangan yang diijinkan sesuai dengan nilai daya dukung tanah. Ada dua jenis pondasi yaitu pondasi dangkal dan pondasi dalam. Pondasi dalam merupakan salah satu jenis pondasi yang digunakan untuk menyalurkan beban struktur ke lapisan tanah keras yang memiliki kapasitas daya dukung tinggi yang letaknya cukup dalam di dalam tanah. Studi analisa daya dukung tanah pondasi dalam yang menggunakan mini pile berukuran 25 x 25 cm dilaksanakan pada proyek pembangunan gedung sekolah SMK 1 Rangas Kabupaten Mamuju dengan menggunakan data sondir (CPT) sebanyak 2 titik dengan masing-masing kedalaman 15,8 m dan 5,0 m. Kedalaman perencanaan pondasi terlebih dahulu harus dihitung dan ditentukan kapasitas daya dukung rencana. Tujuan dari studi ini yaitu menghitung dan mengetahui nilai daya dukung ultimit aksial tiang pancang tunggal dalam kelompok tiang dengan metode analitis dan mengetahui besarnya daya dukung kelompok tiang. Desain pondasi meliputi kekuatan satu tiang pondasi, efesiensi kelompok tiang dan perhitungan distribusi beban pada tiang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapat pondasi mini pile mampu menahan beban yang bekerja diatasnya, sehingga pondasi dikategorikan aman. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh efesiensi kelompok tiang yaitu 83,08%, jumlah tiang 3 buah dengan daya dukung kelompok tiang 68,29 ton yang mampu menahan gaya aksial yaitu 59,54 ton.
Design of Self-Propelled Container Barge for Logistics Transportation of Samarinda-Kotabangun
Authors: Pawara Muhammad Uswah , Setiawan Wira , Alamsyah Alamsyah , Suardi Suardi , Ramadhani Rizky 
Published: January 2024

currently general cargo transportation using containers is preferred. There are many reasons for choosing a container compared to normal cargo transportation, some of the reasons are having a standardized protection system, so it is safer to protect cargo. On the Samarinda - Kota Bangun route, transportation for logistics distribution uses the truck transportation mode. In this mode of transportation, it is highly influenced by traffic conditions and the roads in which it passes. For this reason, the use of self-propelled container barges (SPCB) is considered very efficient because it can overcome problems in container transportation rather than using land transportation modes. To get the design of a self-propelled container barge ( SPCB) the main size of the ship is obtained from the ratio of the main size of the ship. Then make a Line Plan with Maxsurf software and make a general plan with Autocad software and the main measurements obtained are; Lpp = 83.7 m; Lwl = 87.04 m; B = 12 m; H = 6 m; T = 4.5 m; VS = 10 knot; D = 4383 ton. With the number of containers as much as 140 Teus, the largest trim occurs at 0% DWT, namely 0.611 m stern trim. All the stability criteria of IMO A 749 (18) meet the 4 variations of the weight of the ship. In the DWT condition 100% the GZ max value is 0.512 m at an angle of 27.3○, and in the DWT condition 50% the GZ max value is 1.717 m at an angle of 38.2○ and at 25% DWT condition the GZ max value is 2.454 m occurs at an angle of 40.9○, and at 0% DWT condition, the maximum GZ value is 2.674 m occurs at an angle of 25.5○.
Concepciones de estudiantes de pregrado respecto de la formación en investigación en Trabajo Social en Chile
Authors: Jarpa-Arriagada Carmen Gloria , Cárcamo-Vásquez Héctor Gonzalo , Gallegos-Fuentes Marcelo Andrés 
Published: January 2024

El trabajo buscó develar la configuración de las concepciones de los y las estudiantes en torno a la etapa de diseño de la investigación conducente a la obtención del grado de licenciado en trabajo social. El estudio se realizó en una universidad pública del sur de Chile. Se utilizó método cualitativo, aplicando un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas a 14 estudiantes. Los resultados indican que las concepciones de los estudiantes se pueden agrupar en tres categorías: aprendizajes cognitivos, aprendizajes procedimentales y aprendizajes actitudinales. En lo cognitivo la principal debilidad es el dominio de contenidos ontológicos y epistémicos; en lo procedimental existe tensión en la aplicación de los contenidos por aspectos emocionales que afectan las decisiones del(la) estudiante; en lo actitudinal el estudiantado exhibe conductas heterónomas y requiere de la presencia permanente del profesor guía. Como conclusión, el estudiantado sigue anclado en lógicas clásicas de investigación, con escaso dominio epistémico, teórico y técnico. En el binomio teoría-práctica existe una tendencia a enfatizar en la práctica.
Insufficient Evidence for Load as the Primary Cause of Nonspecific (Chronic) Low Back Pain. A Scoping Review
Authors: de Bruin L.J.E. , Hoegh M. , Greve C. , Reneman M.F. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE: To assess the causal role of the relationship between loading and the onset of nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) and persistence of NSLBP (chronic low back pain [CLBP]). DESIGN: Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched the literature from 2010 until May 2021 using a combination of terms related to (spinal) load and the Bradford-Hill (BH) criteria. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Operational definitions were developed for every criterion of the BH framework for causality. Study selection was based on the causal role of load in the onset of NSLBP and persistence of chronic low back pain. DATA SYNTHESIS: The BH criteria were operationalized, and causation was considered established when evidence supported the BH criteria strength, temporality, biological gradient, experiment, and biological plausibility. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included. There was no consistent support for an association between load and the incidence of NSLBP, or that more load increased the risk of NSLBP/CLBP. Half of the studies did not support specific load exposures to increase incidence of or increase pain in NSLBP/CLBP. Half of studies did not support load preceding NSLBP. No study supported plausible biological explanations to influence the relationship between load and NSLBP/CLBP, or that similar causes have similar effects on NSLBP. Nine of 10 experimental studies did not support that load results in NSLBP or that relieving load reduces NSLBP/CLBP. CONCLUSION: There was insufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between loading and the onset and persistence of NSLBP/CLBP based on the BH criteria. These results question the role of load management as the only/primary strategy to prevent onset and persistence of NSLBP/CLBP. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(3):176-189. Epub 25 January 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.11314
INTERACTION FEATURES 4-NITROSEMICARBAZIDE WITH ACETYLACETONE
Authors: Глухачева В.С. 
Published: January 2024

Представлено исследование, выявляющее закономерности и направленность протекания взаимодействия 4-нитросемикарбазида с ацетилацетоном. В результате предложен новый подход к получению 3,5 диметил-пиразола и ранее неизвестного 3,5-диметил-N-нитропиразол-1-карбоксамида. Показано, что собственная кислотность 3,5-диметил-N-нитропиразол-1-карбоксамида является промотором инициирования денитрамидирования, что способствует быстрому протеканию реакции гидролиза с образованием 3,5-диметилпиразола. Строение полученных соединений подтверждено УФ- ИК- и ЯМР- спектроскопией.A study is presented that reveals the patterns and direction of the interaction of 4-nitrosemicarbazide with acetylacetone. As a result, a new approach to the preparation of 3,5 dimethyl-pyrazole and previously unknown 3,5-dimethyl-N-nitropyrazole-1-carboxamide was proposed. It was shown that the intrinsic acidity of 3,5-dimethyl-N-nitropyrazole-1-carboxamide is a promoter of the initiation of denitramidation, which contributes to the rapid occurrence of the hydrolysis reaction with the formation of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy.
DAS sensitivity to heterogeneity scales much smaller than the minimum wavelength
Authors: Capdeville Yann , Sladen Anthony 
Published: January 2024

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a photonic technology allowing toconvert fiber-optics into long (tens of kilometers) and dense (every few meters) arrays of seismo-acoustic sensors which are basically measuring the strain of the cable all along the cable. The potential of such a distributed measurement is very important and has triggered strong attention in the seismology community for a wide range of applications. In this work, we focus on the interaction of such measurements with heterogeneities of scale much smaller than the wavefield minimum wavelength. With a simple 2-D numerical modeling, we first show that the effect of such small-scale heterogeneities, when located in the vicinity of the instruments, is very different depending on whether we measure particle velocity or strain rate: in the case of velocity, this effect is small but becomes very strong in the case of the strain rate. We then provide a physical explanation of these observations based on the homogenization method showing that indeed, the strain sensitivity to nearby heterogeneities is strong, which is not the case for more traditional velocity measurements. This effect appears as a coupling of the strain components to the DAS measurement. Such effects can be seen as a curse or an advantage depending on the applications.
Effect of Service Quality, Product Quality, Customer Satisfaction as Mediating Variable and Purchasing Decision on Pempek Ny Kamto Majapahit Semarang Restaurant
Authors: Ariefiantoro Teguh , Suryawardana Edy , Niati Asih 
Published: January 2024

<p>How the consequences of Service Quality, Product Quality, Consumer Loyalty as a Mediating Variable to Consumer Loyalty to purchasing decisions in Pempek Ny Kamto Majapahit Semarang. Respondents wore non-random sampling illustration methods. This illustration is wearing Purposive Sampling method, minimun once tasted Pempek Ny Kamto Semarang and the last time had arrived at Pempek Ny Kamto Majapahit Semarang. Methods of collecting information by wearing questionnaires and have been tested for validity and reliability. In testing variable Service Quality, Product quality, Consumer satisfaction with research Purchasing Decisions using multiple linear regression analysis. There are also results showing if Qualiy Service, Product Quality, Consumer Loyalty have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions.</p><p> </p>
Build Learning Achievement Through Increased Student Learning Motivation
Authors: Yuliati Etik , Istiatin Istiatin , Sudarwati Sudarwati 
Published: January 2024

<em>The aims of this study were to examine and analyze the effect of motivation, discipline, parental background, and the use of gadgets together on student achievement in SMK Negeri 1 Sragen.</em> <em>The research was conducted for 6 months, starting from March to August 2021 by taking the location at SMK Negeri 1 Sragen. The population in this study was class XII students with a total of 500, while the sample used was students with top ten rankings in each class with a total of 140. In this study the data used by researchers were (1) primary data, (2) secondary data. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and literature studies. The data processing technique was carried out using the SPSS program to test the instrument (validity test and reliability test), linear regression test, classical assumption test (normality test, heteroscedasticity test, and multicollinearity test), determination test (R2), hypothesis test (F test). and t test). The results of this study are based on (1) the F test, the F count is 32.005 while the F table is 2.680, thus hypothesis 1 is tested for truth (2) the t-test on the motivation variable is obtained t-count is 4.703, while the t-table is 1.978, so the second hypothesis is verified (3 ) t test on the discipline variable obtained t count 2,427, while t table 1,978, so the third hypothesis is tested for truth (4) t test for parental background variable obtained t count 2,116, while t table 1,978, so the fourth hypothesis is verified. (5) the t-test of the gadget use variable obtained t-count 3.567, while the t-table was 1.978, so the fifth hypothesis was verified</em>
The Effect of Current Ratio, Return on Equity, And Company Size on Company Value in The Pharmaceutical Sector
Authors: Putri Ika Swasti , Octavia Ayu Nurafni , Fitriani Laili Nur , Bulqis Tiara 
Published: January 2024

<p class="Default"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="Default"><em>This study aims to determine the effect of the current ratio, return on equity, and firm size on firm value. The population of this study is pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period. Samples taken using the purposive sampling method resulted in 8 companies and 40 data. The analytical model used in this study is a multiple linear regression model. Data processing and analysis using multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS version 25 application. The results of this study found that the current ratio, return on equity, and company size did not have a significant effect on firm value in pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the IDX in 2017-2021. </em></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Current Ratio; Return On Equity; Firm Size; Firm Value;</em><em></em></p>