bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globalization and Human Rights
Authors: Loranger Marie-France 
Published: August 2005

Globalization and Human Rights, Alison Brysk, sous la direction de,
Berkeley : University of California Press, 2002, 311 p.Quel est l'impact de la mondialisation sur les droits de
l'Homme ? La mondialisation favorise-t-elle la défense des
droits de l'Homme ou fournit-elle plutôt de nouveaux
instruments, de nouvelles possibilités de violation des droits de
l'Homme ? Qu'en est-il des avancées technologiques et des
moyens de communication divers ? Selon la vision libérale, la
mondialisation serait porteuse de développement, de
démocratie, d'autonomisation et d'une meilleure
gouvernance mondiale. Cela se vérifie-t-il dans la
réalité ? Le but du collectif Globalization and Human
Rights est d'apporter des éléments de
réponse aux nombreuses questions que soulèvent les
bouleversements de notre monde actuel. Les auteurs cherchent ainsi
à dégager les grandes tendances de la mondialisation et
l'impact qu'elles ont sur les droits de l'Homme. C'est
ce qui explique la division du volume en quatre parties distinctes : la
citoyenneté (citizenship), la marchandisation
(commodification), la communication et, finalement, la
coopération. C'est le deuxième chapitre du collectif
qui sera traité ici, soit celui qui étudie la mondialisation
des marchés. Les auteurs y examinent tour à tour
l'impact politique de la mondialisation, les contradictions entre
l'économie et le libéralisme politique en ce qui a
trait aux droits sociaux, l'impact différencié de
l'intégration structurelle sur différents types de
droits et la mobilisation contre l'exploitation que pratiquent les
firmes multinationales dans certains pays.
Recognition, Redistribution and Redress: The Case of the
“Chinese Head Tax”
Authors: James Matt 
Published: August 2005

Abstract. This article uses the recent Canadian campaign
seeking redress for the infamous “Chinese head tax” as a
vantage point from which to consider whether recognition-seeking social
movements are undermining the cause of egalitarian redistribution.
Methodologically, the article seeks to complement the normative theorizing
and conceptual model-making that have tended to characterize the
“recognition versus redistribution” debate by focusing more
concretely on the dynamics of an actual social movement campaign. The
article demonstrates how this approach can help to identify important
nuances in recognition campaigns that blanket claims about
recognition's impact both ignore and serve to obscure.Résumé. Cet article étudie la
récente campagne canadienne cherchant la réparation dans les
cas d'application de l'infâme taxe d'immigration aux
Canadiens d'origine chinoise. Cette campagne offre
l'opportunité pour étudier si les mouvements sociaux
militant pour la reconnaissance des situations d'abus
perpétrées par le passé sont en train
d'éroder la cause de la redistribution égalitaire.
D'un point de vue méthodologique, l'article essaie de
compléter la théoretisation normative et le developpement de
modèles conceptuels qui ont seulement pris en compte le
débat dit “ de la reconnaissance versus la redistribution
”, en se concentrant plus sur l'étude de la dynamique
d'une campagne sociale contemporaine. L'article montre le fait
que cette approche peut aider à mettre en exergue d'importants
nuances dans les campagnes dites “ de la reconnaissance ”, que
des études plus generaux sur l'impact de la reconnaissance
ignorent.
“Pragmatic Humanism” in Foucault's Later Work
Authors: Reynolds Joan M. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract.Michel Foucault's late turn to ethics for an understanding of subject self-constitution is explored in relation to the problematic of humanism. Foucault's reconsideration of Immanuel Kant's Enlightenment-grounded legacy constitutes, it is argued, a significant resource for thinking about new ways to approach cultural practices that have as their aim a reconstitution of identity outside dominant structures of scientific and legal knowledge. This essay explores how Foucault's earlier anti-humanist misgivings give way to a more ethical-pragmatic conception of humanism in relation to notions of freedom, rights and equality. The insights of pragmatism—particularly those of John Dewey—are employed as a means by which to situate what is called here the “pragmatic humanism” of the later Foucault.Résumé.Le tour en retard de Michel Foucault à l'éthique pour une compréhension d'individu-constitution soumise est exploré parrapport au problématique de l'humanisme. La reconsidération de Foucault du legs d'Immanuel Kant publiant hors de l'éclaircissement constitue, il est discutée, une ressource importante pour penser à de nouvelles manières d'approcher les pratiques culturelles qui ont en tant que leur but une reconstitution des structures dominantes d'extérieur d'identité de la connaissance scientifique et légale. Explore comment des craintes plus tôt d'anti-humaniste de Foucault mènent à une conception moral-pragmatique d'humanisme par rapport aux notions de la liberté, des droites, et de l'égalité. Les perspicacités du pragmatisme—en particulier ceux de John Dewey—utilisé comme moyens par lesquels pour situer ce qui est s'appellent ici l'humanisme pragmatic du Foucault plus défunt.
The Use and Abuse of P52: Papyrological Pitfalls in the Dating of the Fourth Gospel
Authors: Nongbri Brent 
Published: August 2005

The thesis of this paper is simple: we as critical readers of the New Testament often use John Rylands Greek Papyrus 3.457, also known as P52, ininappropriate ways, and we should stop doing so. A recent example will illustrate the problem. In what is on the whole a superb commentary on John's gospel, D. Moody Smith writes the following about the date of John:For a time, particularly in the early part of the twentieth century, the possibility that John was not written, or at least not published, until [the] mid-second century was a viable one. At that time Justin Martyr espoused a logos Christology, without citing the Fourth Gospel explicitly. Such an omission by Justin would seem strange if the Gospel of John had already been written and was in circulation. Then the discovery and publication in the1930s of two papyrus fragments made such a late dating difficult, if not impossible, to sustain. The first and most important is the fragment of John chapter 18 … [P52], dated by paleographers to the second quarter of the second century (125–150); the other is a fragment of a hithertounknown gospel called Egerton Papyrus 2 from the same period, which obviously reflects knowledge of the Gospel of John…. For the Gospel of Johnto have been written and circulated in Egypt, where these fragments were found, a date nolater than the first decade of the second century must be presumed.
Consequences of variation in species diversity in a community of root‐feeding herbivores for nematode dynamics and host plant biomass
Authors: Brinkman E. Pernilla , Duyts Henk , Van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: August 2005

To date, no study has explicitly addressed effects of variation in species diversity of root‐feeding herbivores on host plant biomass. Root‐feeding nematodes typically occur in multi‐species communities. In a three‐year field experiment, we investigated how variation in species diversity of root‐feeding nematodes affected nematode dynamics and response of the dune grass Ammophila arenaria to root‐feeder activity. This plant species needs regular burial by fresh beach sand to remain vigorous, suggesting that A. arenaria benefits from a temporary escape from root‐feeding soil organisms and that root‐feeders are involved in plant degeneration in stabilized dunes.We created series of ceased and continued sand burial and added the endoparasitic nematodes Meloidogyne maritima, Heterodera arenaria and Pratylenchus penetrans alone or in combination to A. arenaria. We included treatments with and without the whole soil community, measured plant biomass and quantified numbers of nematodes.Addition of H. arenaria and P. penetrans decreased numbers of M. maritima juveniles and delayed the first appearance in time of both juveniles and females, while numbers of males only decreased when plants had been buried. Burial with sand and addition of the other two endoparasites affected numbers of H. arenaria juveniles, while numbers of P. penetrans were low and not affected. Shoot biomass of A. arenaria was lower when M. maritima had been added alone than when the three species had been added together. Addition of root zone soil decreased biomass of all plant parts. Burial with sand decreased aboveground shoot biomass, whereas it increased belowground shoot and root biomass.Our results point at idiosyncratic effects of nematode diversity on A. arenaria biomass. Heterodera arenaria and P. penetrans protected their host by reducing numbers and delaying activity of M. maritima to a later stage in the growth season, when root‐feeding activity was less harmful for plant biomass development.
Breaking traditions: sexual health and ethnicity in nursing research: a literature review
Authors: Serrant‐Green Laura 
Published: August 2005

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to explore some reasons for the lack of focus on ethnicity and sexual health in nursing research, and suggest ways to advance the nursing evidence‐base required for practice development.Background.  The United Kingdom National Strategy for Sexual Health and human immunodeficiency virus published in July 2001 highlighted the continued rise in sexual ill health amongst minority ethnic groups. In order to improve sexual health, research evidence is needed explain why particular ethnic groups appear to be at greater risk of sexual ill health. The Strategy identified nurses as key to bringing about improvements in sexual health. Nursing research includes many studies exploring links between ethnicity and health. However, with the exception of extensive work on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a specific disease, nursing research into ethnicity has not systematically included sexual health.Methods.  Literature searches were conducted using the BIDS database, World Wide Web and United Kingdom Department of health website between June 2000 and August 2003. Papers written in English incorporating the keywords ‘sexual health’, ‘sexually transmitted infection’ and ‘health and ethnicity’ in the title or abstract were selected for review.Findings.  Nursing research into the association between sexual health and ethnicity is rare. It has been hampered by a variety of political and social constraints concerning the nature of sexual health practice in nursing, researching sexual health, and researching ethnicity and health. The result is a dearth of research evidence to support the development of sexual health practice and the education of healthcare professionals to underpin care of minority ethnic clients.Conclusions.  Barriers to researching ethnicity and sexual health by nurses must be addressed through nursing education and practice. Without this, a detailed evidence base will fail to materialize and healthcare practices to implement the priorities to improve sexual health in minority ethnic communities will remain undeveloped.
Fever: a concept analysis
Authors: Thompson Hilaire J 
Published: August 2005

Aim.  The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the current state of the science literature in order to develop an accurate conception of fever.Rationale.  The measurement of body temperature and treatment of fever have long been considered to be within the domain of nursing practice. What body temperature constitutes ‘fever’, however, is often not clear from nursing protocols or the literature.Methods.  Literature for this concept analysis was obtained by computerized searches of PubMed, CINAHL and BIOSYS for the years 1980–2004. Additional sources were obtained after reviewing the bibliographies of the literature identified by the initial search. The Wilsonian method of concept analysis provided the framework for the analysis.Findings.  Fever has characteristically been recognized as a cardinal sign of illness and has traditionally had negative connotations for patient well‐being. Substantive advances over the past 20 years in immunology and neurophysiology have expanded understanding of the process of fever. This new knowledge has shifted the perception of fever as part of the acute‐phase response to one of an adaptive nature. This knowledge has yet to be fully translated into changes in the fever management practices of nurses.Conclusions.  Consistent usage of terminology in relation to fever should lead to improved and evidence‐based care for patients, and to fever management practices consistent with current research. It is important to use clear language about fever and hyperthermia in discussions and documentation between nurses and among disciplines. By creating clarity in our language, we may help to achieve praxis.
Needlestick and sharps injuries among nursing students
Authors: Smith Derek R. , Leggat Peter A. 
Published: August 2005

Aims.  This paper reports the first investigation of the prevalence and nature of needlestick injuries among Australian nursing students.Background.  Needlestick and sharps injuries are the most efficient method of transmitting blood‐borne pathogens between patients and healthcare staff. Although nurses are known to be a high‐risk subgroup for these events, nursing students may be at even greater risk due to their limited clinical experience. Despite this fact, the epidemiology of needlestick and sharps injuries among nursing students has not been clearly elucidated in Australia.Methods.  A questionnaire‐based methodology adapted from other international investigations was conducted among nursing students. We recruited a complete cross‐section of students from a large university nursing school in North Queensland, Australia, in March 2004, and analysed needlestick and sharps events as a percentage of all students and also as a proportion of all cases. Risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression.Results.  From a group of 319 students, 274 successfully completed questionnaires were obtained (overall response rate 85·9%). A total of 38 students (13·9%) reported a needlestick or sharps injury during the previous 12 months. By causative item, 6·2% of students had been injured by a normal hollow‐bore syringe needle, 3·6% by a glass item and 3·3% by an insulin syringe needle. Regarding prior usage, 81·6% of all injuring items were unused, 15·8% had been used on a patient and the status of 2·6% was unknown. Most needlestick injuries occurred either in the nursing laboratory (45%) or the teaching hospital (37%). Opening the needle cap was the most common causative event (28% of all cases). A total of 39·5% of needlestick injuries were not reported. The main reason for non‐reporting was that the item was unused (42%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that students in the third year were 14·8 times more likely to have experienced a needlestick injury than their counterparts in other years (odds ratio 14·8, 95% confidence interval 5·2–50·3, P < 0·01). These injury rates were higher among Australian nursing students than in other international studies.Conclusions.  Although hepatitis B vaccination coverage among the students was excellent, it is important that the principles of infection‐control training and reporting of all needlestick and sharps continue to be emphasized throughout undergraduate nursing education.
Health care worker beliefs about influenza vaccine and reasons for non‐vaccination – a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Canning Helen Sarah , Phillips Jennifer , Stephen Allsup MD 
Published: August 2005

Aims and objectives.  To identify reasons for poor uptake of influenza vaccine in healthcare workers.Background.  When influenza is circulating in the community, influenza vaccination of healthcare workers may reduce morbidity and sick leave and may also reduce mortality in older hospitalized patients. Despite this, vaccine uptake in healthcare workers remains low.Design.  Cross‐sectional survey.Methods.  Self‐completed questionnaires were distributed to 144 nurses and healthcare assistants in two Liverpool hospitals.Results.  Vaccination uptake in this sample was 7.6%. The main reasons given for not being vaccinated were: did not think it was needed (29%), not aware of the vaccine (18%) and concerned about side‐effects (11%). The main perceived benefits of vaccination were reducing sick leave (44%) and personal protection against influenza (28%).Conclusion.  In this study, many healthcare workers demonstrated a lack of awareness and understanding of the vaccine, especially in relation to its benefits and side‐effects.Relevance to clinical practice.  Vaccinating healthcare workers against influenza can reduce staff sickness during times of winter pressure as well as reducing mortality in frail, older hospitalized patients. It is therefore important that hospitals maximize vaccine uptake by increasing awareness and promoting the benefits of influenza vaccine amongst healthcare workers as well as ensuring that all staff have the opportunity to receive the vaccine.
The impact of a nurse‐led support and education programme for spouses of stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Larson Jenny , Franzén‐Dahlin Åsa , Billing Ewa , von Arbin Magnus , Murray Veronica , Wredling Regina 
Published: August 2005

Aims and objectives.  The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of a nurse‐led support and education programme for improving the spouses’ perceived general quality of life, life situation, general well‐being and health state.Background.  Stroke is a disease with great consequences for the patients and their families. The spouses often feel obligated to care for the patient, providing psychological and physical support and having to cope with the patient's physical and cognitive impairments. This might lead to increased problems, as family members struggle to adapt to their new roles and responsibilities.Design and methods.  Longitudinal, randomized controlled trial. One hundred spouses were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups, 50 in each group. The intervention group participated in a support and education programme, six times during six months, led by stroke specialist nurses. Both groups were followed for 12 months.Results.  No significant differences were found, between intervention and control groups, over time. In the sub analyses, we found that the group attending 5–6 times had a significant decrease in negative well‐being and increased quality of life over time, while the group attending fewer times had a significant decrease in positive well‐being and health state, similar to the control group, which also had a significant decrease in negative and general well‐being.Conclusions.  A support and education programme might have a positive effect on spouses’ well‐being, on condition that they attend at least five times.Relevance to clinical practice.  To facilitate the spouses’ role as informal caregivers to the stroke patients, further development of the support and education programme used in the present study is needed, including empowerment approach and implementation of coping strategies.
Older people's views of prioritization in health care. The applicability of an interview study
Authors: Werntoft Elisabet , Edberg Anna‐Karin , Rooke Liselotte , Hermerén Göran , Elmståhl Sölve , Hallberg Ingalill Rahm 
Published: August 2005

Aim.  Older people's views of prioritization in health care. The applicability of an interview study. Old age has been stated as a criterion for prioritization in health care, although older people are seldom asked for their opinions. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the applicability of a questionnaire as a base for an interview study to explore older people's experiences and views of prioritization in health care.Design.  Descriptive, with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Fifty‐four persons, 32 women and 22 men (aged 60–93 years), were asked to participate in a structured, tape‐recorded interview covering their experience and views of the priorities applied in health care.Results.  The questions in the interview manual appeared to be applicable for collecting data concerning views of prioritization, but the analysis revealed that certain questions, particularly on economic matters, were missing. The procedure, a personal structured interview had advantages, for example, in capturing the respondents’ reflections on the questions. The respondents emphasized the equal value of all human beings and that age is not a basis for prioritization within health care. The respondents also showed an unwillingness to precede anyone in rank.Implications.  The questions used proved to be adequate but to be really complete further questions need to be added. This pilot study indicates that older people's views on priorities in health care differ from those expressed by the younger population. The study therefore needs to be replicated in a larger sample to be fully able to understand older people's views of prioritization, which will require exploring gender and age differences as well as other aspects that may explain variations.
The content of morning time conversations between nursing home staff and residents
Authors: Wadensten Barbro 
Published: August 2005

Aim.  The aim of this paper was to investigate what nursing home staff and residents converse about when they first meet each other in the morning and to investigate who starts the conversation. It is a pilot project about communication in a nursing home in Sweden and a basis for a practice development programme.Background.  Studies in Sweden have shown that nurse assistants working in care of the older people felt they had too little training in how to communicate. Communicative behaviour influences patients, but little is known about the content of morning time communication in nursing homes.Method.  Non‐participant observation of 18 staff was carried out using an observation schema. Content analysis was performed.Results.  The findings were that it was the staff who initiated conversation and chose the content of conversation. The most common topic in morning time conversation was residents’ health and sickness.Conclusion.  Staff in nursing homes, both nurses and nurse assistants need to reflect on their interaction with residents and be conscious of their important role because they create the climate on the ward through conversation. Further studies are needed in order to explore residents’ opinions of what the content of a good communication could be and also to find out how nurses and other staff members’ communication with residents could be improved.Relevance to clinical practice.  Staff need more training and knowledge about how to communicate with older people.