bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automation versus openness: support for policies to address job threats
Authors: Kuo Alexander , Manzano Dulce , Gallego Aina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDoes the threat of automation of workers’ employment provoke distinct policy preferences from that of globalization? We present hypotheses about how these different threats affect support for policies to prevent such shocks as well as policies to compensate via redistribution. Using vignettes and conjoint experiments embedded in survey evidence from Spain, we find that the threat of automation does not provoke any greater demand for redistribution than does openness. Nor does job loss due to automation provoke beliefs of greater deservingness of compensatory transfers, compared to job loss from openness. While the threat of offshoring and hiring foreign workers increases support for policies to prevent this process from occurring, scenarios of robot substitution do not provoke a similar reaction. These results suggest policies to prioritize automation over openness may gain less political traction.
Indian merchants abroad: Integrating the Indian ocean world during the early first millennium CE
Authors: Cobb Matthew Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the rise of post-colonialism during the latter part of the twentieth century, more focus has been given to non-western perspectives (the so-called nativist turn). In the case of Indian Ocean trade during the early first millennium CE, the view that ‘Roman’ merchants and sailors were the near-exclusive movers of goods, who were also (indirectly) responsible for commercial developments within South Asia, has largely fallen into abeyance. Rightly, the agency of those in South Asia has been acknowledged. The present article goes beyond this basic premise and considers how we can assess evidence demonstrating the role played by sailors and merchants from South Asia. In particular, it is suggested these merchants and sailors played an important role in connecting the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal regions.
P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-mediated cytoskeleton rearrangement promotes SARS-CoV-2 entry and ACE2 autophagic degradation
Authors: Liu Ming , Lu Bingtai , Li Yue , Yuan Shuofeng , Zhuang Zhen , Li Guangyu , Wang Dong , Ma Liuheyi , Zhu Jianheng , Zhao Jinglu , Chan Chris Chung-Sing , Poon Vincent Kwok-Man , Chik Kenn Ka-Heng , Zhao Zhiyao , Xian Huifang , Zhao Jingxian , Zhao Jincun , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has had a significant impact on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. The continuous emergence of new viral strains presents a major challenge in the development of effective antiviral agents. Strategies that possess broad-spectrum antiviral activities are desirable to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. ACE2, an angiotensin-containing enzyme that prevents the overactivation of the renin angiotensin system, is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 interacts with the spike protein and facilitates viral attachment and entry into host cells. Yet, SARS-CoV-2 infection also promotes ACE2 degradation. Whether restoring ACE2 surface expression has an impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection is yet to be determined. Here, we show that the ACE2-spike complex is endocytosed and degraded via autophagy in a manner that depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis and PAK1-mediated cytoskeleton rearrangement. In contrast, free cellular spike protein is selectively cleaved into S1 and S2 subunits in a lysosomal-dependent manner. Importantly, we show that the pan-PAK inhibitor FRAX-486 restores ACE2 surface expression and suppresses infection by different SARS-CoV-2 strains. FRAX-486-treated Syrian hamsters exhibit significantly decreased lung viral load and alleviated pulmonary inflammation compared with untreated hamsters. In summary, our findings have identified novel pathways regulating viral entry, as well as therapeutic targets and candidate compounds for controlling the emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Polyphenol-rich diet mediates interplay between macrophage-neutrophil and gut microbiota to alleviate intestinal inflammation
Authors: Han Dandan , Wu Yujun , Lu Dongdong , Pang Jiaman , Hu Jie , Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Guolong , Wang Junjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDietary phenolic acids alleviate intestinal inflammation through altering gut microbiota composition and regulating macrophage activation. However, it is unclear how individual phenolic acids affect the interactions between intestinal microbiota and macrophages in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we aim to elucidate the mechanism by which phenolic acids alleviate gut inflammation. Mice with or without depletion of macrophages were administered with four individual phenolic acids including chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic, and ellagic acids, following dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Gut microbiota depletion and fecal microbiota transplantation were further performed in mice to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in phenolic acid-mediated protective effect. Colitis severity was evaluated using histological, serological, and immunological measurements. Absence of intestinal microbiota and macrophage deteriorate the epithelial injury in DSS colitis. Chlorogenic acid mitigated colitis by reducing M1 macrophage polarization through suppression of pyruvate kinase M 2 (Pkm2)-dependent glycolysis and inhibition of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (Nlrp3) activation. However, ferulic acid-mediated reduction of colitis was neutrophil-dependent through diminishing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of caffeic acid and ellagic acid were dependent upon the gut microbiota. In fact, urolithin A (UroA), a metabolite transformed from ellagic acid by the gut microbiota, was found to alleviate colitis and enhance gut barrier function in an IL22-dependent manner. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the mechanisms by which phenolic acid protected against colitis were resulted from the interaction between gut microbiota and macrophage-neutrophil.
Porphene and porphite as porphyrin analogs of graphene and graphite
Authors: Magnera Thomas F. , Dron Paul I. , Bozzone Jared P. , Jovanovic Milena , Rončević Igor , Tortorici Edward , Bu Wei , Miller Elisa M. , Rogers Charles T. , Michl Josef 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional materials have unusual properties and promise applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics, photonics, (electro)catalysis, separations, and elsewhere. Most are inorganic and their properties are difficult to tune. Here we report the preparation of Zn porphene, a member of the previously only hypothetical organic metalloporphene family. Similar to graphene, these also are fully conjugated two-dimensional polymers, but are composed of fused metalloporphyrin rings. Zn porphene is synthesized on water surface by two-dimensional oxidative polymerization of a Langmuir layer of Zn porphyrin with K2IrCl6, reminiscent of known one-dimensional polymerization of pyrroles. It is transferable to other substrates and bridges μm-sized pits. Contrary to previous theoretical predictions of metallic conductivity, it is a p-type semiconductor due to a predicted Peierls distortion of its unit cell from square to rectangular, analogous to the appearance of bond-length alternation in antiaromatic molecules. The observed reversible insertion of various metal ions, possibly carrying a fifth or sixth ligand, promises tunability and even patterning of circuits on an atomic canvas without removing any π centers from conjugation.
Luminal Rank loss decreases cell fitness leading to basal cell bipotency in parous mammary glands
Authors: Rocha Ana Sofia , Collado-Solé Alejandro , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Redondo-Pedraza Jaime , Soria-Alcaide Gonzalo , Cordero Alex , Santamaría Patricia G. , González-Suárez Eva 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRank signaling pathway regulates mammary gland homeostasis and epithelial cell differentiation. Although Rank receptor is expressed by basal cells and luminal progenitors, its role in each individual cell lineage remains unclear. By combining temporal/lineage specific Rank genetic deletion with lineage tracing techniques, we found that loss of luminal Rank reduces the luminal progenitor pool and leads to aberrant alveolar-like differentiation with high protein translation capacity in virgin mammary glands. These Rank-deleted luminal cells are unable to expand during the first pregnancy, leading to lactation failure and impairment of protein synthesis potential in the parous stage. The unfit parous Rank-deleted luminal cells in the alveoli are progressively replaced by Rank-proficient cells early during the second pregnancy, thereby restoring lactation. Transcriptomic analysis and functional assays point to the awakening of basal bipotency after pregnancy by the induction of Rank/NF-κB signaling in basal parous cell to restore lactation and tissue homeostasis.
Systematic identification of gene combinations to target in innate immune cells to enhance T cell activation
Authors: Xia Lei , Komissarova Anastasia , Jacover Arielle , Shovman Yehuda , Arcila-Barrera Sebastian , Tornovsky-Babeay Sharona , Jaya Prakashan Milsee Mol , Nasereddin Abdelmajeed , Plaschkes Inbar , Nevo Yuval , Shiff Idit , Yosefov-Levi Oshri , Izhiman Tamara , Medvedev Eleonora , Eilon Elad , Wilensky Asaf , Yona Simon , Parnas Oren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenetic engineering of immune cells has opened new avenues for improving their functionality but it remains a challenge to pinpoint which genes or combination of genes are the most beneficial to target. Here, we conduct High Multiplicity of Perturbations and Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes (HMPCITE-seq) to find combinations of genes whose joint targeting improves antigen-presenting cell activity and enhances their ability to activate T cells. Specifically, we perform two genome-wide CRISPR screens in bone marrow dendritic cells and identify negative regulators of CD86, that participate in the co-stimulation programs, including Chd4, Stat5b, Egr2, Med12, and positive regulators of PD-L1, that participate in the co-inhibitory programs, including Sptlc2, Nckap1l, and Pi4kb. To identify the genetic interactions between top-ranked genes and find superior combinations to target, we perform high-order Perturb-Seq experiments and we show that targeting both Cebpb and Med12 results in a better phenotype compared to the single perturbations or other combinations of perturbations.
Reversible photoregulation of cell-cell adhesions with opto-E-cadherin
Authors: Nzigou Mombo Brice , Bijonowski Brent M. , Raab Christopher A. , Niland Stephan , Brockhaus Katrin , Müller Marc , Eble Johannes A. , Wegner Seraphine V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractE-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions are dynamically and locally regulated in many essential processes, including embryogenesis, wound healing and tissue organization, with dysregulation manifesting as tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the lack of tools that would provide control of the high spatiotemporal precision observed with E-cadherin adhesions hampers investigation of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present an optogenetic tool, opto-E-cadherin, that allows reversible control of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions with blue light. With opto-E-cadherin, functionally essential calcium binding is photoregulated such that cells expressing opto-E-cadherin at their surface adhere to each other in the dark but not upon illumination. Consequently, opto-E-cadherin provides remote control over multicellular aggregation, E-cadherin-associated intracellular signalling and F-actin organization in 2D and 3D cell cultures. Opto-E-cadherin also allows switching of multicellular behaviour between single and collective cell migration, as well as of cell invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. Overall, opto-E-cadherin is a powerful optogenetic tool capable of controlling cell-cell adhesions at the molecular, cellular and behavioural level that opens up perspectives for the study of dynamics and spatiotemporal control of E-cadherin in biological processes.
Comprehensive assessment of physiological responses in women during the ESA dry immersion VIVALDI microgravity simulation
Authors: Robin Adrien , Van Ombergen Angelique , Laurens Claire , Bergouignan Audrey , Vico Laurence , Linossier Marie-Thérèse , Pavy-Le Traon Anne , Kermorgant Marc , Chopard Angèle , Py Guillaume , Green David Andrew , Tipton Michael , Choukér Alexander , Denise Pierre , Normand Hervé , Blanc Stéphane , Simon Chantal , Rosnet Elisabeth , Larcher Françoise , Fernandez Peter , de Glisezinski Isabelle , Larrouy Dominique , Harant-Farrugia Isabelle , Antunes Inês , Gauquelin-Koch Guillemette , Bareille Marie-Pierre , Billette De Villemeur Rebecca , Custaud Marc-Antoine , Navasiolava Nastassia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAstronauts in microgravity experience multi-system deconditioning, impacting their inflight efficiency and inducing dysfunctions upon return to Earth gravity. To fill the sex gap of knowledge in the health impact of spaceflights, we simulate microgravity with a 5-day dry immersion in 18 healthy women (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05043974). Here we show that dry immersion rapidly induces a sedentarily-like metabolism shift mimicking the beginning of a metabolic syndrome with a drop in glucose tolerance, an increase in the atherogenic index of plasma, and an impaired lipid profile. Bone remodeling markers suggest a decreased bone formation coupled with an increased bone resorption. Fluid shifts and muscular unloading participate to a marked cardiovascular and sensorimotor deconditioning with decreased orthostatic tolerance, aerobic capacity, and postural balance. Collected datasets provide a comprehensive multi-systemic assessment of dry immersion effects in women and pave the way for future sex-based evaluations of countermeasures.
A cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation switch of disordered protein condensation
Authors: Valverde Juan Manuel , Dubra Geronimo , Phillips Michael , Haider Austin , Elena-Real Carlos , Fournet Aurélie , Alghoul Emile , Chahar Dhanvantri , Andrés-Sanchez Nuria , Paloni Matteo , Bernadó Pau , van Mierlo Guido , Vermeulen Michiel , van den Toorn Henk , Heck Albert J. R. , Constantinou Angelos , Barducci Alessandro , Ghosh Kingshuk , Sibille Nathalie , Knipscheer Puck , Krasinska Liliana , Fisher Daniel , Altelaar Maarten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCell cycle transitions result from global changes in protein phosphorylation states triggered by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). To understand how this complexity produces an ordered and rapid cellular reorganisation, we generated a high-resolution map of changing phosphosites throughout unperturbed early cell cycles in single Xenopus embryos, derived the emergent principles through systems biology analysis, and tested them by biophysical modelling and biochemical experiments. We found that most dynamic phosphosites share two key characteristics: they occur on highly disordered proteins that localise to membraneless organelles, and are CDK targets. Furthermore, CDK-mediated multisite phosphorylation can switch homotypic interactions of such proteins between favourable and inhibitory modes for biomolecular condensate formation. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and kinetics of mitotic cellular reorganisation.
Electrostatic force promoted intermolecular stacking of polymer donors toward 19.4% efficiency binary organic solar cells
Authors: Gan Zirui , Wang Liang , Cai Jinlong , Guo Chuanhang , Chen Chen , Li Donghui , Fu Yiwei , Zhou Bojun , Sun Yuandong , Liu Chenhao , Zhou Jing , Liu Dan , Li Wei , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConjugated polymers are generally featured with low structural order due to their aromatic and irregular structural units, which limits their light absorption and charge mobility in organic solar cells. In this work, we report a conjugated molecule INMB-F that can act as a molecular bridge via electrostatic force to enhance the intermolecular stacking of BDT-based polymer donors toward efficient and stable organic solar cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and synchrotron X-ray measurements reveal that the electronegative INMB-F adsorb on the electropositive main chain of polymer donors to increase the donor-donor interactions, leading to enhanced structural order with shortened π-π stacking distance and consequently enhanced charge transport ability. Casting the non-fullerene acceptor layer on top of the INMB-F modified donor layer to fabricate solar cells via layer-by-layer deposition evidences significant power conversion efficiency boosts in a range of photovoltaic systems. A power conversion efficiency of 19.4% (certified 18.96%) is realized in PM6/L8-BO binary devices, which is one of the highest reported efficiencies of this material system. The enhanced structural order of polymer donors by INMB-F also leads to a six-fold enhancement of the operational stability of PM6/L8-BO organic solar cells.
Mitogenomic evolutionary rates in bilateria are influenced by parasitic lifestyle and locomotory capacity
Authors: Jakovlić Ivan , Zou Hong , Ye Tong , Zhang Hong , Liu Xiang , Xiang Chuan-Yu , Wang Gui-Tang , Zhang Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe evidence that parasitic animals exhibit elevated mitogenomic evolutionary rates is inconsistent and limited to Arthropoda. Similarly, the evidence that mitogenomic evolution is faster in species with low locomotory capacity is limited to a handful of animal lineages. We hypothesised that these two variables are associated and that locomotory capacity is a major underlying factor driving the elevated rates in parasites. Here, we study the evolutionary rates of mitogenomes of 10,906 bilaterian species classified according to their locomotory capacity and parasitic/free-living life history. In Bilateria, evolutionary rates were by far the highest in endoparasites, much lower in ectoparasites with reduced locomotory capacity and free-living lineages with low locomotory capacity, followed by parasitoids, ectoparasites with high locomotory capacity, and finally micropredatory and free-living lineages. The life history categorisation (parasitism) explained ≈45%, locomotory capacity categorisation explained ≈39%, and together they explained ≈56% of the total variability in evolutionary rates of mitochondrial protein-coding genes in Bilateria. Our findings suggest that these two variables play major roles in calibrating the mitogenomic molecular clock in bilaterian animals.
Free riding in climate protests
Authors: Jarke-Neuert Johannes , Perino Grischa , Schwickert Henrike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClimate protests are an important driver for ambitious climate policies. However, it is still unknown how individual protest participation decisions depend on each other. Exploiting the unique opportunity of the Third Global Climate Strike, we conducted multi-wave population surveys with 1,510 people in the four largest German cities. With a randomized information intervention, we changed turnout expectations of a subgroup of respondents and measured the impact on the probability to join the local protest event. Our findings provide causal evidence for strategic interdependence in protest participation decisions among members of the general public rather than among a movement’s core group of supporters. These decisions are found to be strategic substitutes: individuals who expect many other people to participate are less likely to participate themselves. This dynamic has important implications for the movement’s future communication and growth perspective.
LncTUG1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma immune evasion via upregulating PD-L1 expression
Authors: Wu Rongshou , Liu Weiwei , Yang Qingping , Zhang Jingling , Hou Ping , Xiong Jianghui , Wu Linquan , Li Enliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHCC is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Although traditional treatment methods have been improved in recent years, the survival rate of HCC patients has not been significantly improved. Immunotherapy has shown extremely high clinical value in a variety of tumors. In this study, we found that TUG1 could regulate the expression of PD-L1 through JAK2/STAT3 to mediate immunosuppression. Here, The expression of TUG1 and PD-L1 in HCC tissues was evaluated through analysis of databases and verified in HCC tissue and HCC cancer cells by qRT-PCR. The effect of TUG1 on tumor immune escape was detected by coculture, and cell viability was detected with a CCK8 assay. The results demonstrated that TUG1 was closely associated with anticancer immunity. TUG1 and PD-L1 were highly expressed in HCC tissues and HCC cancer cells, and high expression of TUG1 and PD-L1 was related to the poor prognosis of HCC patients. In addition, knocking down TUG1 expression could reduce PD-L1 expression and enhance the cancer cell-killing capability of T cells. Downregulating TUG1 expression could also decrease the mRNA and protein expression of JAK2 and STAT3. To sum up, TUG1 and PD-L1 are overexpressed in patients with liver cancer and are related to the poor prognosis of these patients. Silencing TUG1 expression reduced the mRNA and protein expression of PD-L1 by affecting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
The role of GCNT1 mediated O-glycosylation in aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Hodgson Kirsty , Orozco-Moreno Margarita , Scott Emma , Garnham Rebecca , Livermore Karen , Thomas Huw , Zhou Yuhan , He Jiepei , Bermudez Abel , Garcia Marques Fernando Jose , Bastian Kayla , Hysenaj Gerald , Archer Goode Emily , Heer Rakesh , Pitteri Sharon , Wang Ning , Elliott David J. , Munkley Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men and a major cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Nearly all affected men develop resistance to current therapies and there is an urgent need to develop new treatments for advanced disease. Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells implicated in all of the hallmarks of cancer. A major driver of aberrant glycosylation in cancer is the altered expression of glycosylation enzymes. Here, we show that GCNT1, an enzyme that plays an essential role in the formation of core 2 branched O-glycans and is crucial to the final definition of O-glycan structure, is upregulated in aggressive prostate cancer. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we show GCNT1 promotes the growth of prostate tumours and can modify the glycome of prostate cancer cells, including upregulation of core 2 O-glycans and modifying the O-glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins. Furthermore, using RNA sequencing, we find upregulation of GCNT1 in prostate cancer cells can alter oncogenic gene expression pathways important in tumour growth and metastasis. Our study highlights the important role of aberrant O-glycosylation in prostate cancer progression and provides novel insights regarding the mechanisms involved.