bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Origins of Terror
Authors: Gill Graeme 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to explain why each of the types of terror occurred when they did in each of the revolutions. The means of doing this is to undertake a detailed analysis of each revolution, showing why the terror broke out. This builds on the explanation of what happened outlined in Chapters 2–4, explaining why that happened. The conclusion is that revolutionary terror and transformational terror both grew out of the revolutionary process itself—the need to consolidate power once seized and to transform the society—while inverted terror was largely a result of the human agency of Robespierre, Stalin, and Mao. The chapter also suggests possible linkages between the revolutionary seizure of power and inverted terror, but argues these needed that human agency to function.
Poharir Mel! The Mahila Samitis in Assam
Authors: Medhi Hemjyoti 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3, ‘Poharir Mel! The Mahila Samitis in Assam’, maps the contours of the disparate histories of the mahila samitis by contextualizing two significant events or landmarks in the lives of the samitis in the 1930s and the 1940s. These are—(i) The Assam Mahila Samiti’s notice to a groom opposing a child marriage citing the Sarda Act in 1934, and (ii) The Tezpur Mahila Samiti’s attempt to redefine domesticity by claiming ‘leisure’ in a resolution on ‘fixed meal times’ in 1948. The chapter cross-references these events with a spectrum of responses from contemporary Asamiya print as well as other sabhas, samitis, and associations. The discussion of the chequered history of the mahila samitis’ connections with parallel organizations such as the Assam Sahitya Sabha (1917 cont.) and the All India Women’s Conference (1927 cont.) allows us to visualize how these women’s associations functioned in a matrix of overlapping constituencies and were never insulated from the immediate as well broader political cross-currents. The chapter argues that while the mahila samitis largely remained ideologically embedded in the Asamiya middle-class milieu, the members did selectively challenge contemporary ideology of domesticity and framed dominant modes of defining womanhood to create new ways of being a gendered citizen subject in late colonial Assam.
Conclusion
Authors: Medhi Hemjyoti 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The conclusion sums up how the provincial Assam Mahila Samiti, a host of local samitis along with the feminist figure Chandraprava Saikiani, mobilized a gendered public in the Brahmaputra valley in colonial Assam. When compared to other major women’s associations in contemporary South Asia, such as the AIWC which was led by upper caste, upper-class women, Chandraprava Saikiani’s leadership of the AMS for more than five decades despite her socially compromised position as a mother outside matrimony and a lower caste woman is an exception, not just in the colonial times but even today. The mahila samitis created a space for women to express themselves through public speaking, picketing, protest marches, literary pursuits, performance of plays, and weaving cooperatives among others, thereby inflecting the tenor of the nascent public sphere. The conclusion also raises methodological questions such as the need for an interdisciplinary mode of enquiry while dealing with historiographical issues in recovering and rewriting a women’s association’s trajectory in colonial Brahmaputra valley. Finally, the book calls for a reviewing of the successful discursive production of Northeast as outside of the rubric of development, which is as much a legacy of colonization as a product of the sustainable political economy that Sanjib Baruah critiques as ‘durable disorder’ of our contemporary times. If individuals and sometimes collectives imagined these locales as having other futures, how are we to acknowledge and understand those alternative visions from our contested location?
Dialogues for Discovery: What? Why? When?
Authors: Padesky Christine A. , Kennerley Helen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1, ‘Dialogues for Discovery: What? Why? When?’, asserts that discovery is the heartbeat of psychotherapy. Therapists who learn to use Socratic dialogue effectively will be able to promote higher quality and more frequent discoveries by their clients. This chapter offers a succinct summary of how Socratic dialogue and other guided discovery methods evolved, an evidence base for Socratic questioning, and guidance for when Socratic dialogue is likely or unlikely to be helpful in therapy. Padesky’s 4-Stage Model of Socratic Dialogue (informational questions, empathic listening, summaries, analytical and synthesizing questions) is briefly illustrated with an emphasis on the collaborative and empirical aspects of those processes as well as the importance of therapist curiosity and empathy. Socratic dialogue is often used to extract client learning and consolidate discoveries that come from action therapy methods such as imagery exercises, role plays, and behavioral experiments. It also helps therapists avoid or navigate common traps that interfere with therapy progress, summarized at the end of the chapter.
Guided Discovery with Anxiety
Authors: Butler Gillian , McManus Freda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4, “Guided Discovery with Anxiety,” identifies a number of common traps that therapists can easily fall into when working with clients suffering from anxiety (e.g., social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and phobias) and related disorders in which anxiety is often a predominant feature (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder). Common traps addressed include colluding with client avoidance, providing reassurance, and succumbing to therapist’s beliefs about client vulnerabilities. Use of guided discovery methods such as Socratic dialogue and behavioral experiments are illustrated via case examples with extended therapist–client dialogues. “Keep in Mind” principles are summarized throughout to remind readers of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) guiding principles that can help therapy stay on track when clients “need to be sure,” experience endless worry, hesitate to take risks, or struggle with letting go of attempts to be “in control.” At the end of the chapter, questions to promote reader learning are offered as a guide for individual therapists or instructors in classroom settings. These questions are designed to help consolidate and individualize therapists’ application of the skills taught.
Chasing Janus: Socratic Dialogue with Children and Adolescents
Authors: Friedberg Robert D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9, “Chasing Janus: Socratic Dialogue with Children and Adolescents,” shows how to understand and modify Socratic dialogue and other guided discovery methods to account for developmental differences between these young people and adults. Three common traps that can interfere with therapy are addressed: (1) when children and adolescents see Socratic questioning as interrogation and/or attempts at control/coercion, (2) when therapists err and express Socratic dialogue in abstract or intellectual ways that turn off younger people, and (3) when young clients have low tolerance for ambiguity, abstraction, and frustration and therapists struggle to handle this. Socratic use of games, puppet play, role-play, humor, and experiential exercises demonstrate ways to make therapy fun and engaging in cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) with children and with adolescents. Methods for matching the informational processing level of the child/adolescent are illustrated in therapist–client dialogues. The importance of dosing Socratic dialogue with empathy and optimal levels of doubt is emphasized.
Socratic Dialogue in Group Therapy
Authors: Shenk James L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 10, “Socratic Dialogue in Group Therapy,” highlights three strategic levels of using Socratic dialogue in group therapy as well as guidelines for when each is preferable: use with a focal individual or the entire group, or inviting group members to take the lead in using Socratic questioning with each other. Special attention is given to applications of Socratic dialogue in groups during: (1) the early, skill building stages of therapy, (2) debriefings of experiential exercises and homework assignments, and (3) interpersonal issues that emerge in group. A variety of participant-driven and therapist-driven clinical traps are addressed, including working with group members who dominate group therapy time, managing discrepancies in group members’ participation or skill acquisition, transforming hostile group interactions into learning opportunities, and therapist errors that result from being either too didactic or not providing enough guidance to the group.
Libertas and the Duty of Oversight
Authors: Krostenko Brian A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter probes the meaning of libertas in LA 2. Libertas implied procedural oversight, a mark of sovereignty. That oversight, according to Cicero, was bypassed in three provisions of the law: its proposed sales of state property outside of Rome (LA 1.7, 2.55–56); certain exemptions from its tax provisions (LA 1.10–11, 2.57–59); and the sale of certain acquisitions, which Cicero claims could include all of Egypt (LA 1.1, 2.41–44). The alleged lack of oversight becomes a prompt to skepticism and responsible governance—the latter extended to include cooperation with responsible magistrates. Libertas, the watchword of populist politics, is thus narrowed and coopted into an illustration of Cicero’s view of the proper use of sovereignty. The passages are each anchored by memorable images that exploit the physical environs and imply a popular audience with a rich and deep institutional and cultural memory (not mere ignorant masses).
Eudaimonia, External Results, and Choosing Virtuous Actions for Themselves
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aristotle’s “eudaimonism” is formally egocentric: each agent is supposed to choose everything for the sake of her own eudaimonia (broadly construed as involving that of significant others). Many commentators think this objectionably egoistic. Aristotle’s identification of eudaimonia largely with activity in accordance with ethical virtue may soften the blow. But some still object: seeking to actualize one’s own virtue because such actualization constitutes eudaimonia involves moral self-indulgence. The chapter responds by interpreting Aristotle’s requirement that virtuous agents choose virtuous actions “for themselves” as employing technical language common throughout his work. Choosing a virtuous action “for itself” is choosing it on account of those features that make it the kind of action it is: e.g., its tendency to benefit others or to establish just distributions of the benefits and burdens of living together. An agent who chooses such actions “for themselves” chooses them because she values these things. This is not moral self-indulgence but the essence of virtue.
The Nicomachean Account of Philia
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Many commentators read Aristotle’s eudaimonism aswe a form of rational egoism and then read his account of philia (typically “friendship”) in that light. Some even read Aristotle’s conception of the friend as an “other self” as showing that actions chosen for the sake of one’s friend are ultimately chosen for the sake of one’s own eudaimonia. This chapter reverses the order, reading the Nicomachean account of philia on its own terms and then asking whether it supports a rational egoist reading of Aristotle’s eudaimonism. The answer is “no.” When Aristotle speaks of loving another “for herself,” he uses technical language to identify love that flows from the agent’s appreciation of who (or what) her friend is, in himself, and apart from any benefits or pleasures he happens to provide to the agent. More importantly, the ideal friend takes pleasure in her friend’s activities simply as such, not as extensions of her own.
The Gnostic Trilogy in Context
Authors: Young Robin Darling , Kalvesmaki Joel , Stewart Columba , Stang Charles , Dysinger Luke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The introduction summarizes the work, sets it among the entire collection of Evagrius’ writings, identifies the literary form of the kephalaion, discusses Evagrius’ education and biography, and presents his mode of exegesis. In addition, it discusses why these three works, his most important, form a trilogy, and how each of its parts was received, and preserved in Greek and Syriac manuscript traditions, offering profiles of the different translations. Reference tables provide an index to the Syriac manuscripts and a summary of the Syriac translators. Explanations are provided concerning the methodology of the translation, the choices on cross-references to ancient literature, and the scope of the commentary.
Kephalaia gnostika
Authors: Young Robin Darling , Kalvesmaki Joel , Stewart Columba , Stang Charles , Dysinger Luke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Composed of six groups, “centuries,” of one hundred (minus ten) kephalaia, 540 in all, this work, the largest by far in the trilogy, was probably composed well before the first two, but was circulated as the summit of the trilogy. Almost entirely destroyed in its Greek original after it was condemned in the mid-sixth century, the work has survived in two Syriac translations—a later revision more accurate and less periphrastic than the earlier—and about one-fourth of it in various Greek anthologies. Lacking any discussion of demons or monks, it is arranged in interlinked statements of biblical interpretation, description of angelic natures and activities, the nature of the mind, teaching about knowledge and observation (theōria), and the role of the gnostikos as true High Priest.
Introduction
Authors: Quraishi Humra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This diary is written from the perspective of a young 14-year-old teenage Kashmiri Muslim boy? Because I want to focus on the conditions in which Kashmiris are surviving in the Valley and also those who travel out of the Valley, to study/work in various towns and cities in the country. News reports plus People’s Union for Democratic Rights, Delhi (PUDR) findings suggest that communal biases do persist. Also, the general perception coupled with the poisonous propaganda that Kashmiri Muslims are potential terrorists, if not full-fledged ones. Right from 1990, I have been witnessing the helplessness of the Kashmiris. Compounding to the situation is the political climate of the day. Offshoots writ large. The worst affected are the young Kashmiris surviving in a state of siege.
Reaching New Delhi
Authors: Quraishi Humra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Shock awaits Gull Mohammad when he reaches the madrasa situated in New Delhi. There is daal–roti to eat. He and the other madrasa children have to follow restrictions and tight routine. In contrast, there’s that modern paced New Delhi’s glitter around, but these children live with bare basics. Not just that, the feel of insecurity when cops barge in, for questioning, or Right-Wing goons stopping them in the local market place, forcing them to chant Hindutva slogans! No, he didn’t want to stay at this madrasa, but he was too scared to even think of running away. Where to? All that he had was a hundred rupee note, a bag full of clothes, and a diary tucked in between his clothes.
Around the Plains of North India
Authors: Quraishi Humra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gull Mohammad is shifted to a madrasa in Muzaffarnagar, as the maulvis all are too nervous of being accused of keeping a Kashmiri ‘terrorist’ boy in their madrasa in New Delhi. In Muzaffarnagar, he witnessed rioting and the torching of Muslim homes and bastis. The survivors were surviving in the most difficult situations. He starts dishwashing in a roadside dhaba but was kicked out because of his ‘Kashmiri’ name and features! A local Muslim, erstwhile zamindar, sees his plight and of several other children, stuffs them in his jeep, undertakes a long road journey and shifts them to Lucknow . . . He tells these boys that the Babri Masjid demolition and the subsequent rioting impacted him to a great extent.
Backpack-mediated anti-inflammatory macrophage cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kapate Neha , Liao Rick , Sodemann Ryan Luke , Stinson Tawny , Prakash Supriya , Kumbhojkar Ninad , Suja Vineeth Chandran , Wang Lily Li-Wen , Flanz Mikayla , Rajeev Rohan , Villafuerte Dania , Shaha Suyog , Janes Morgan , Park Kyung Soo , Dunne Michael , Golemb Bryan , Hone Alexander , Adebowale Kolade , Clegg John , Slate Andrea , McGuone Declan , Costine-Bartell Beth , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating disease with no current therapies outside of acute clinical management. While acute, controlled inflammation is important for debris clearance and regeneration after injury, chronic, rampant inflammation plays a significant adverse role in the pathophysiology of secondary brain injury. Immune cell therapies hold unique therapeutic potential for inflammation modulation, due to their active sensing and migration abilities. Macrophages are particularly suited for this task, given the role of macrophages and microglia in the dysregulated inflammatory response after TBI. However, maintaining adoptively transferred macrophages in an anti-inflammatory, wound-healing phenotype against the proinflammatory TBI milieu is essential. To achieve this, we developed discoidal microparticles, termed backpacks, encapsulating anti-inflammatory interleukin-4, and dexamethasone for ex vivo macrophage attachment. Backpacks durably adhered to the surface of macrophages without internalization and maintained an anti-inflammatory phenotype of the carrier macrophage through 7 days in vitro. Backpack–macrophage therapy was scaled up and safely infused into piglets in a cortical impact TBI model. Backpack–macrophages migrated to the brain lesion site and reduced proinflammatory activation of microglia in the lesion penumbra of the rostral gyrus of the cortex and decreased serum concentrations of proinflammatory biomarkers. These immunomodulatory effects elicited a 56% decrease in lesion volume. The results reported here demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, a potential use of a cell therapy intervention for a large animal model of TBI and highlight the potential of macrophage-based therapy. Further investigation is required to elucidate the neuroprotection mechanisms associated with anti-inflammatory macrophage therapy.
Thioredoxin‐1 and its mimetic peptide improve systolic cardiac function and remodeling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Medali Tania , Couchie Dominique , Mougenot Nathalie , Mihoc Maria , Bergmann Olaf , Derks Wouter , Szweda Luke I. , Yacoub Magdi , Soliman Saif , Aguib Yasmine , Wagdy Kerolos , Ibrahim Ayman M. , Friguet Bertrand , Rouis Mustapha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by a significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), and it is suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell cycle arrest, leading to impaired CM renewal. Thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) scavenges ROS and may play a role in restoring CM renewal. However, the truncated form of Trx‐1, Trx‐80, can compromise its efficacy by exerting antagonistic effects. Therefore, a Trx‐1 mimetic peptide called CB3 was tested as an alternative way to restore CMs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Trx‐1, Trx‐80, and CB3 on mice with experimental MI and study the underlying mechanism of CB3 on CMs. Mouse cardiac parameters were quantified by echocardiography, and infarction size and fibrosis determined using Trichrome and Picro‐Sirius Red staining. The study found that Trx‐1 and CB3 improved mouse cardiac function, reduced the size of cardiac infarct and fibrosis, and decreased the expression of cardiac inflammatory markers. Furthermore, CB3 polarized macrophages into M2 phenotype, reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress after MI, and increased CM proliferation in cell culture and in vivo. CB3 effectively protected against myocardial infarction and could represent a new class of compounds for treating MI.
Hypoxia activates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in a prostatic stromal cell line: A mechanism for the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Zhang Tao , Mao Changlin , Chang Yao , Lyu Jiaju , Zhao Delong , Ding Sentai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is closely related to hypoxia in the prostatic stroma, and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-1α/VEGF) pathway has been shown to significantly activate in response to hypoxia. The underlying mechanism for activation of this pathway in the pathogenesis of BPH remains unclear.

Materials and methods
We constructed HIF-1α overexpression and knockdown BPH stromal (WPMY-1) and epithelial (BPH-1) cell lines, which were cultured under different oxygen conditions (hypoxia, normoxia, and hypoxia + HIF-1α inhibitor). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression of the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. We used the miRWalk 2.0 database and Western blotting to predict the potential miRNA that selectively targets the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway, and verified the prediction by qPCR and dual-luciferase assays.

Results
In a BPH stromal cell line (WPMY-1), the expression of VEGF was in accordance with HIF-1α levels, elevated in the overexpression cells and decreased in the knockdown cells. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α overexpression, which could be reversed by a HIF-1α inhibitor. Moreover, the HIF-1α inhibitor significantly depressed cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis in hypoxic conditions, assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. However, in the BPH epithelial cell line (BPH-1), the expression level of HIF-1α did not influence the expression of VEGF. Finally, a potential miRNA, miR-17-5p, regulating the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway was predicted from the miRWalk 2.0 database and Western blotting, and verified by qPCR and dual-luciferase assay.

Conclusions
In hypoxia, activation of the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation in a BPH stromal cell line. Regulation by miR-17-5p may be the potential mechanism for the activation of this pathway. Regulation of this pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of BPH.