bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A developmental analysis of self‐reported fears in late childhood through mid‐adolescence: social‐evaluative fears on the rise?
Authors: Michiel Westenberg P. , Drewes Martine J. , Goedhart Arnold W. , Siebelink Berend M. , Treffers Philip D.A. 
Published: February 2004

Background:  The frequently reported decline in the overall frequency and intensity of fears during late childhood and adolescence may mask different developmental patterns for two broad subclasses of fears: fears concerning physical danger and fears concerning social evaluation. It was investigated if physical fears decrease between late childhood and mid‐adolescence, while social‐evaluative fears increase during this period. It was also studied if changes in both sets of fears are more strongly related to socio‐cognitive maturity than to age, which itself is only a proxy measure of maturity.Methods:  A non‐clinical sample of 882 children and adolescents (ages 8–18) was recruited for study. Fears were assessed using the Ollendick Fear Survey Schedule for Children – Revised (FSSC‐R). A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was conducted to study the factor structure of the Failure and Criticism subscale of the FSSC‐R. Level of development was assessed using the Sentence Completion Test for Youth (SCT‐Y), a measure of socio‐cognitive maturity that is based on Loevinger's model, and measure, of ego development.Results:  The PCA of the Failure and Criticism subscale revealed three factors: Social Evaluation, Achievement Evaluation, and Punishment. As predicted, the significant decrease of overall fearfulness obscured two contradictory developmental patterns: (a) fears of physical danger and punishment decreased with age, whereas (b) fears of social and achievement evaluation increased with age. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the age effect for social‐evaluative fears was explained entirely on the basis of developmental differences in socio‐cognitive maturity (controlling for verbal ability). In contrast, age was a better predictor of the decrease of physical and punishment fears (although socio‐cognitive maturity still added to the predictive value of age).Conclusion:  The expression of social evaluation fears during adolescence appears not atypical and might be a corollary of socio‐cognitive maturation. At the same time, the natural presence of those fears during adolescence appears to constitute a vulnerability for developing a social anxiety disorder.
A genetic analysis of individual differences in dissociative behaviors in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Becker‐Blease Kathryn A. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Eley Thalia , Freyd Jennifer J. , Stevenson Jim , Plomin Robert 
Published: February 2004

Background:  Dissociation – a pattern of general disruption in memory and consciousness – has been found to be an important cognitive component of children's and adults’ coping with severe trauma. Dissociative experiences include amnesia, identity disturbance, age regression, difficulty with concentration, and trance states. Stable individual differences in dissociative behaviors may represent a dissociative tendency trait that varies in the population independent of the influence of trauma.Method:  In the current study, we examined genetic and environmental sources of variance in some of these behaviors by comparing 86 pairs of adoptive siblings and 102 pairs of full siblings from the Colorado Adoption Project (parents’ and teachers’ ratings), and 218 pairs of identical and 173 pairs of same‐sex fraternal twins from the British Register for Child Twins (parents’ ratings). The study used a dissociation scale comprised of six CBCL items.Results:  Developmentally, there was no change in mean dissociation scores across middle childhood and adolescence, and individual differences were moderately stable. Both parents’ and teachers’ ratings showed moderate to substantial amounts of genetic and nonshared environmental variance and negligible shared environmental variance, and most of the parent–teacher agreement in their ratings was accounted for by overlapping genetic variance.Conclusions:  The results support further research into possible genetic and environmental factors that contribute to dissociative tendencies in children and adolescents.
Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology
Authors: Maughan Barbara , Rowe Richard , Messer Julie , Goodman Robert , Meltzer Howard 
Published: February 2004

Background: Despite an expanding epidemiological evidence base, uncertainties remain over key aspects of the epidemiology of the ‘antisocial’ disorders in childhood and adolescence.Methods: We used cross‐sectional data on a nationally representative sample of 10,438 5–15‐year‐olds drawn from the 1999 British Child Mental Health Survey to examine age trends, gender ratios and patterns of comorbidity in DSM‐IV Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).Results: CD was significantly more common in boys than girls, and increased in prevalence with age. Among children who met diagnostic criteria for CD, status violations and other non‐aggressive conduct problems increased with age, while aggressive symptoms became less common. Gender differences in ODD varied by reporter. Estimates of age trends in ODD depended heavily on treatment of overlaps with CD. Following DSM‐IV guidelines (where ODD is not diagnosed in the presence of CD), rates of ODD fell with age; if that constraint was released, clinically significant rates of oppositionality persisted at similar levels from early childhood to middle adolescence. CD and ODD showed high levels of overlap, and both diagnoses showed substantial comorbidity with other non‐antisocial disorders.Conclusions: Results from this large‐scale study confirm and extend previous findings in the epidemiology of the disruptive behaviour disorders.
To what extent is failure to thrive in infancy associated with poorer cognitive development? A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Corbett S.S. , Drewett R.F. 
Published: February 2004

Background:  Previous empirical studies of the cognitive sequelae of failure to thrive in infancy have led to apparently inconsistent conclusions.Methods:  Studies of cognitive abilities in failure to thrive were located through published bibliographies, supplemented by a search through MEDLINE. They were classified (a) into those in which the cases were identified in hospital or other specialist clinics, and those in which they were identified in primary care or by whole population screening; (b) into those that were controlled and those that were not controlled; and (c) into those with a cross‐sectional and those with a longitudinal design. Effect sizes in controlled studies were summarised using D statistics for the principal cognitive outcome measure, from the last occasion on which the child was tested if the study was longitudinal.Results:  In studies with cases identified in hospital or other specialist clinics (52 cases, 36 controls), the pooled effect size (weighted standardised mean difference) for cognitive outcomes was −.85 (95% CI −.41 to −1.30). In studies with cases identified in primary care (552 cases, 573 controls), it was −.30 (95% CI −.18 to −.42). In each longitudinal study testing the same children at different ages, the effect size was smaller when the children were older. To obtain an overall estimate of the long‐term cognitive outcome of failure to thrive in infancy, data from controlled studies in which cases were identified in primary care, and restricted to IQ or McCarthy scale scores in older children (502 cases, 523 controls), were used. The weighted mean difference was −.28 (95% CI −.16 to −.41), equivalent to 4.2 IQ points (95% CI 2 to 6).Conclusions:  Evidence from reasonably well‐controlled studies indicates that failure to thrive in infancy is associated with adverse intellectual outcomes sufficiently large to be of importance at a population level.
Treatment of Septic Common Digital Extensor Tenosynovitis by Complete Resection in Seven Horses
Authors: Booth Todd M. , Abbot John , Clements Antony , Singer Ellen R. , Clegg Peter D. 
Published: February 2004

Objective—To describe and evaluate a technique for radical resection of the entire intrathecal component of the common digital extensor tendon (CDET) in horses.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals or Sample Population—Seven client‐owned horses.Methods—Seven horses with wounds that resulted in septic tenosynovitis of the CDET sheath were treated by complete surgical resection of the affected tendon and ablation of the tendon sheath; 5 had previous surgery that was unsuccessful. Time from initial injury to complete resection was 1–22 weeks. In 6 horses, the wound was closed primarily using a closed suction (4 horses), penrose (1), or passive open drainage system (1). In 1 horse, the surgical wound healed by second intention. All horses had postoperative bandaging, antibiotic administration, and physiotherapy.Results—Surgical wounds healed primarily in 6 horses and by second intention in 1 horse. Follow‐up (mean, 26.4 months; range, 18–38 months) was available for 6 horses; all returned to their athletic performance level without lameness or gait abnormality.Conclusions—Complete resection of the CDET was an effective surgical technique for management of chronic septic tenosynovitis.Clinical Relevance—Horses with infection of the CDET and its sheath may be returned to long‐term soundness without gait abnormality after radical resection.
Treatment of Nonunions with Nonglycosylated Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 Delivered from aFibrinMatrix
Authors: Schmökel Hugo G. , Weber Franz E. , Seiler Gabriela , Von Rechenberg Brigitte , Schense Jason C. , Schawalder Peter , Hubbell Jeffrey 
Published: February 2004

Objective— To report the results of the treatment of nonunions with nonglycosylated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (nglBMP‐2) delivered from a designed fibrin matrix.Study Design— Experimental trial in rodents and prospective clinical study in dogs and cats with nonunion fractures.Animals— Twenty adult female, albino, Sprague–Dawley rats; 8 client‐owned cats and dogs.Methods— After development of a fibrin matrix and evaluation of nglBMP‐2 in a rodent femoral defect model, 8 consecutive long bone nonunion fractures (no progression in healing in ≥3 months), were treated using 300 μg nglBMP‐2 in a liquid fibrin precursor, injected into the defect gap after fracture revision and stabilization, or through a stab incision into the fracture site. The fibrin matrix was designed to clot in the wound after 60 seconds and to release the nglBMP‐2 continuously over several days.Results— Using only fibrin gel, 7% of the rat femoral defect was filled with new formed bone compared with 79% defect filling using 2μg nglBMP‐2 (P=.006). Five and 10 μg nglBMP in fibrin resulted in union of all femoral defects with complete filling of the gap with new bone. Bony bridging and clinical healing was achieved in 7 patients within 24 weeks of administration of nglBMP‐2.Conclusions— Application of nglBMP‐2 in a functional matrix can induce bone healing. Controlled release of nglBMP‐2 from a fibrin matrix mimics the natural fracture hematoma.Clinical Relevance— nglBMP‐2/fibrin can successfully replace a cancellous bone autograft in fracture treatment with an associated reduction in graft donor site morbidity and surgical time.
The Three‐Loop Pulley Suture Versus Two Locking‐Loop Sutures for the Repair of Canine Achilles Tendons
Authors: Moores Andy P. , Owen Martin R. , Tarlton John F. 
Published: February 2004

Objective— To compare a 3‐loop pulley suture pattern with 2 locking‐loop sutures for the repair of components of the canine Achilles mechanism.Study Design— In vitro biomechanical study.Animals— Forty‐eight paired tendons collected from 9 canine cadavers.Methods— Paired tendons were repaired with either a 3‐loop pulley suture or 2 locking‐loop sutures and tensile tested to failure. To ensure accurate anastomosis gap measurement a direct, non‐contact, method of gap measurement, using digital video, was devised. Load initiating gap formation (defined as load at a 1 mm gap) and load producing a 3 mm gap were evaluated in addition to maximum load, gap at failure, mode of failure, and time spent placing the sutures.Results— Maximum load values were similar for both repairs. The mean 1 mm gap loads were 44.0 and 18.4 N, and the mean 3 mm gap loads were 56.3 and 34.7 N, for the 3‐loop pulley pattern and the 2 locking‐loops, respectively; these differences were statistically significant. The 3‐loop pulley pattern was faster to place and resulted in a smaller gap at failure. All but 2 repairs failed by suture pull out.Conclusions— The 3‐loop pulley pattern is more resistant to gap formation during tensile loading, and is quicker to place, than 2 locking‐loop sutures.Clinical Relevance— Gap formation can significantly delay tendon healing. Tendon repairs with a gap >3 mm are reported to be at increased risk of rupture during the first 6 weeks postoperatively.
Miniplate Reconstruction of Severely Comminuted Maxillary Fractures in Two Dogs
Authors: Boudrieau Randy J. 
Published: February 2004

Objective—To describe the treatment of severely comminuted maxillary fractures that resulted in separation of the maxilla from the base of the skull in 2 dogs. The structural areas of support, identified by thicker areas of bones of the skull, were used as a guide to apply buttress plate fixation, with miniplates using these apparent structural buttresses.Study Design—Case report.Sample Population—A 1‐year‐old Borzoi and a 5‐year‐old German shepherd dog.Results—Fractures were repaired in a single procedure that resulted in excellent postoperative occlusion, immediate function, and cosmetic result. Healing was uneventful. Full function and excellent cosmetic appearance were still evident at 5 years, and the miniplates have not been removed.Conclusions—Long‐term outcome appeared to justify surgical reconstruction of these severely comminuted fractures with miniplate methods similar to those used in human maxillofacial surgery. Miniplates were easily contoured 3‐dimensionally and placed along apparent lines of buttress support. Miniplate fixation provided a simple method to secure the bone fragments with excellent stability while maintaining both bony and soft tissue stability.Clinical Relevance—Severely comminuted maxillary fractures in the dog may be repaired with miniplate fixation, using fixation principles identical to those used for similarly complex fractures in human maxillofacial surgery.
Intraosseous Gentamicin Perfusion of the Distal Metacarpus in Standing Horses
Authors: Mattson Shawn , Bouré Ludovic , Pearce Simon , Hurtig Mark , Burger John , Black William 
Published: February 2004

Objective—To report tissue gentamicin concentrations after intraosseous (IO) perfusion in standing horses.Study Design––In vivo study.Animals or Sample Population––Twelve horses.Methods—Sedated horses had a cannulated cortical bone screw inserted into the dorsolateral aspect of the treated metacarpus and a tourniquet applied proximally. Gentamicin (2.2 mg/kg) diluted in sterile saline solution (0.1 mL/kg) was infused through the screw. Two horses were euthanatized at each time interval: 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours. Synovial fluid and bone samples were collected distal to the screw from both forelimbs. Gentamicin concentrations were measured using fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Results—The highest synovial fluid gentamicin concentrations were 385±273 μg/mL (mean±SD) in the metacarpophalangeal joint, 225±205 μg/mL in the proximal interphalangeal joint, 215±205 μg/mL in the distal interphalangeal joint, 382±195 μg/mL in the digital flexor tendon sheath, and 206±161 μg/mL in the navicular bursa. The highest bone concentrations of gentamicin were 55±30 μg/g in the distal metacarpus, 34±27 μg/g in the proximal, 16±15 μg/g in the middle, and 16±2.2 μg/g in the distal phalanges, and 27±17 μg/g in the proximal and 24±11 μg/g in the distal sesamoid bones.Conclusion—Standing IO perfusion of gentamicin resulted in local antibiotic concentrations in the synovial structures and bones of the distal aspect of the limb that exceed the reported minimum inhibitory concentration of pathogens commonly implicated in equine orthopedic infections.Clinical Relevance—Standing IO perfusion of gentamicin in the distal aspect of the limb should be considered for treatment of orthopedic infections of this region in horses.
Use of the Scrotum as a Transposition Flap for Closure of Surgical Wounds in Three Dogs
Authors: Matera Julia Maria , Tatarunas Angélica Cecília , Fantoni Denise Tabacchi , De Carvalho Vasconcellos Carmen Helena 
Published: February 2004

Objective— To describe use of the scrotum as a pedicle flap to cover defects created by tumor excision in the perineum or caudal and medial aspect of the thigh.Study Design— Clinical study.Animals— Three dogs.Methods— After tumor excision and prescrotal castration, an incision was made around the base of the scrotum, leaving a pedicle on the side opposite the skin defect. After removal of the tunica dartos and abdominal fascia, the scrotal skin was stretched and shaped to the defect, then sutured in position with a simple interrupted pattern. Bandages that were changed every 48 hours compressed the flaps, and healing was observed until sutures were removed.Results— Two dogs had first intention healing in 15 days, whereas 1 dog developed necrosis of 10% of the flap, and this area healed by second intention.Conclusion— In male dogs, the scrotal skin can be used as a pedicle flap for reconstructive surgery of wounds in the perineum and the proximomedial and caudal aspect of the thigh.Clinical Relevance— The perineal region remains a surgical challenge because of the lack of the available skin for reconstruction of surgical wounds. The scrotal skin should be considered for use as a transposition flap to cover skin defects in this region.
In Vitro Evolution Predicts that the IMP-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase Does Not Have the Potential To Evolve Increased Activity against Imipenem
Authors: Hall Barry G. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

In vitro evolution was used to predict whether the IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase has the potential to evolve an increased ability to confer resistance to imipenem. Screening of eight libraries containing 9.8 × 10
6
± 1.4 × 10
6
(mean ± standard error) variants per library, with an average of 1.2 mutations per variant, detected no increased resistance to imipenem. The results predict, with >99.9% confidence, that even under intense selection the IMP-1 β-lactamase will not evolve to confer increased resistance to imipenem.
In Vitro Activities of New Quinolones and Oxazolidinones against
Actinomadura madurae
Authors: Vera-Cabrera Lucio , Ochoa-Felix Elsa Y. , Gonzalez Gloria , Tijerina Rolando , Choi Sung H. , Welsh Oliverio 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

In this work, we studied the in vitro sensitivity of 24 strains of
Actinomadura madurae
to a new oxazolidinone (DA-7867), gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and garenoxacin by using a broth microdilution method. We observed that the
A. madurae
strains had a high level of sensitivity to all the antimicrobials tested. The most active drug was DA-7867, with a MIC at which 90% of the strains are inhibited (MIC
90
) of 0.125 μg/ml and a MIC
50
of 0.06 μg/ml.
Inhibitors of Antibiotic Efflux in Resistant
Enterobacter aerogenes
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Strains
Authors: Chevalier Jacqueline , Bredin Jérôme , Mahamoud Abdallah , Malléa Monique , Barbe Jacques , Pagès Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

In
Enterobacter aerogenes
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, efflux provides efficient extrusion of antibiotics and contributes to the multidrug resistance phenotype. One of the alkoxyquinoline derivatives studied here, 2,8-dimethyl-4-(2′-pyrrolidinoethyl)-oxyquinoline, restores noticeable drug susceptibility to resistant clinical strains. Analyses of energy-dependent chloramphenicol efflux indicate that this compound inhibits the efflux pump mechanism and improves the activity of structurally unrelated antibiotics on multidrug-resistant
E. aerogenes
and
K. pneumoniae
isolates.
Activities of Dalbavancin In Vitro and in a Rabbit Model of Experimental Endocarditis Due to
Staphylococcus aureus
with or without Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin
Authors: Lefort Agnès , Pavie Juliette , Garry Louis , Chau Françoise , Fantin Bruno 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

For the treatment of rabbit endocarditis, dalbavancin given once daily (10 mg/kg of body weight for 4 days) or as a single 40-mg/kg dose was active against
Staphylococcus aureus
with or without reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides, as expected from its good in vitro activity, even in broth supplemented with 90% serum and given its prolonged elimination half-life.
Resistance to Cefepime and Cefpirome Due to a 4-Amino-Acid Deletion in the Chromosome-Encoded AmpC β-Lactamase of a
Serratia marcescens
Clinical Isolate
Authors: Mammeri Hedi , Poirel Laurent , Bemer Pascal , Drugeon Henri , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

A multiresistant
Serratia marcescens
strain, HD, isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection, was resistant to amino-, carboxy-, and ureidopenicillins, ceftazidime, and cefepime and was susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, according to the guidelines of the NCCLS. No synergy was found between expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and clavulanic acid, according to the double-disk synergy test. The
bla
AmpC
gene of the strain was amplified by PCR and cloned into
Escherichia coli
DH10B, giving rise to high-level resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome. Sequencing analysis revealed that the
bla
AmpC
gene from
S. marcescens
HD had a 12-nucleotide deletion compared to the
bla
AmpC
gene from reference strain
S. marcescens
S3, leading to a 4-amino-acid deletion located in the H-10 helix of the β-lactamase. Kinetic analysis showed that this enzyme significantly hydrolyzed ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome. This work underlined that resistance to the latest expanded-spectrum cephalosporins may be mediated by structurally modified AmpC-type β-lactamases.
A Second Tylosin Resistance Determinant, Erm B, inArcanobacterium pyogenes
Authors: Jost B. Helen , Trinh Hien T. , Songer J. Glenn , Billington Stephen J. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTArcanobacterium pyogenes, a common inhabitant of the mucosal surfaces of livestock, is also a pathogen associated with a variety of infections. In livestock,A. pyogenesis exposed to antimicrobial agents used for prophylaxis and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the United States. Many, but not all, tylosin-resistantA. pyogenesisolates carryerm(X), suggesting the presence of other determinants of tylosin resistance. Oligonucleotide primers designed for conserved regions oferm(B),erm(C), anderm(T) were used to amplify a 404-bp fragment from a tylosin-resistantA. pyogenesisolate, OX-7. DNA sequencing revealed that the PCR product was 100% identical toerm(B) genes, and theerm(B) gene region was cloned inEscherichia coli. TheA. pyogenesErm B determinant had the most DNA identity with an Erm B determinant carried by theClostridium perfringensplasmid pIP402. However, theA. pyogenesdeterminant lacked direct repeat DR1 and contained a deletion in DR2. Flanking theA. pyogenes erm(B) gene were partial and entire genes similar to those found on theEnterococcus faecalismultiresistance plasmid pRE25. This novel architecture suggests that theerm(B) element may have arisen by recombination of two distinct genetic elements. Ten of 32 tylosin-resistant isolates carriederm(B), as determined by DNA hybridization, and all 10 isolates carried a similar element. Insertion of the element was site specific, as PCR and Southern blotting analysis revealed that theerm(B) element was inserted intoorfY, a gene of unknown function. However, in three strains, this insertion resulted in a partial duplication oforfY.