bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution in microbial microcosms is highly parallel regardless of the presence of interacting species
Authors: Meroz Nittay , Livny Tal , Toledano Gal , Sorokin Yael , Tovi Nesli , Friedman Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring laboratory evolution, replicate bacterial populations often follow similar trajectories, thus their evolution is potentially predictable. However, predicting the evolution of natural populations, which are commonly embedded in multispecies communities, would prove extremely difficult if adaptations are contingent on the identity of the interacting species. The extent to which adaptations typically depend on coevolving partners remains poorly understood, since coevolution is commonly studied using small-scale experiments involving few species, making it challenging to extract general trends. To address this knowledge gap, we study the adaptations that occurred in strains of each of 11 species that were either evolved in monoculture or in multiple pairwise co-cultures. While we detect slight but significant partner-specific effects we find that the majority of evolutionary changes that occur are robust across strains that evolved with different partners; species’ growth abilities increase by a similar factor regardless of partners’ identity, shifts in community compositions and interactions are similar between pairs of coevolved and separately evolved strains, and the majority of parallelly mutated genes were detected in multiple biotic conditions. We hypothesized that these results might arise from the fact that ancestral strains are maladapted to the abiotic environment, thus having a pool of adaptations that are beneficial regardless of the biotic partners. Therefore, we conducted a second experiment with strains that were pre-adapted to the abiotic conditions before being co-cultured. We find that even after ∼400 generations of pre-adaptation, evolution is surprisingly non-partner-specific. Further work is required in order to elucidate the factors that influence partner-specificity of coevolution, but our results suggest that selection imposed by the biotic environment may play a secondary role to that imposed by abiotic conditions, making predictions regarding coevolutionary dynamics less challenging than previously thought.
Extensive variation and strain-specificity in dengue virus susceptibility among AfricanAedes aegyptipopulations
Authors: Dabo Stéphanie , Henrion-Lacritick Annabelle , Lecuyer Alicia , Jiolle Davy , Paupy Christophe , Ayala Diego , da Veiga Leal Silvânia , Badolo Athanase , Vega-Rúa Anubis , Sylla Massamba , Akorli Jewelna , Otoo Sampson , Lutomiah Joel , Sang Rosemary , Mutebi John-Paul , Saleh Maria-Carla , Rose Noah H. , McBride Carolyn S. , Lambrechts Louis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAfrican populations of the mosquitoAedes aegyptiare usually considered less susceptible to infection by human-pathogenic flaviviruses than globally invasive populations found outside Africa. Although this contrast has been well documented for Zika virus (ZIKV), it is unclear to what extent it is true for dengue virus (DENV), the most prevalent flavivirus of humans. Addressing this question is complicated by substantial genetic diversity among DENV strains, most notably in the form of four genetic types (DENV1 to DENV4), that can lead to genetically specific interactions with mosquito populations. Here, we carried out a continent-wide survey of DENV susceptibility using a panel of field-derivedAe. aegypticolonies from across the African range of the species and a colony from Guadeloupe, French West Indies as non-African reference. We found considerable variation in the ability of AfricanAe. aegyptipopulations to acquire and replicate a panel of six DENV strains spanning the four DENV types. Although AfricanAe. aegyptipopulations were generally less susceptible than the reference non-African population from Guadeloupe, in several instances some African populations were equally or more susceptible than the Guadeloupe population. Moreover, the relative level of susceptibility between African mosquito populations depended on the DENV strain, indicating genetically specific interactions. We conclude that unlike ZIKV susceptibility, there is no clear-cut dichotomy in DENV susceptibility between African and non-AfricanAe. aegypti. DENV susceptibility of AfricanAe. aegyptipopulations is highly heterogeneous and largely governed by the specific pairing of mosquito population and DENV strain.Author summaryAfrican populations of the mosquitoAedes aegyptiare usually thought to be less likely to get infected by flaviviruses compared toAe. aegyptimosquitoes found outside Africa. While this has been well-demonstrated for Zika virus, it is not clear if the same is true for dengue virus, which is the most common flavivirus in humans. Studying this is complicated by the strain diversity of dengue virus, including four main genetic types, potentially causing different interactions. In this study, we compared several mosquito populations and found that, in general, African mosquitoes were less likely to get infected by dengue virus compared to mosquitoes from outside Africa. However, in some cases, African mosquitoes were just as or even more likely to get infected. The specific strain of dengue virus also influenced how likely African mosquitoes were to get infected, showing that the relationship between African mosquitoes and dengue virus is complex.
A root-specific NLR network confers resistance to plant parasitic nematodes
Authors: Lüdke Daniel , Sakai Toshiyuki , Kourelis Jiorgos , Toghani AmirAli , Adachi Hiroaki , Posbeyikian Andrés , Frijters Raoul , Pai Hsuan , Harant Adeline , Ernst Karin , Ganal Martin , Verhage Adriaan , Wu Chih-Hang , Kamoun Sophien 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) confer disease resistance to a multitude of foliar and root parasites of plants. However, the extent to which NLR immunity is expressed differentially between plant organs is poorly known. Here, we show that a large cluster of tomato genes, which encodes the cyst and root-knot nematode disease resistance proteins Hero and MeR1 as well as the NLR-helper NRC6, exhibits nearly exclusive expression in the roots. This root-specific gene cluster emerged inSolanumspecies about 21 million years ago through gene duplication from the ancient NRC network of asterid plants. NLR-sensors in this gene cluster exclusively signal through NRC6 helpers to trigger the hypersensitive cell death immune response. These findings indicate that the NRC6 gene cluster has sub-functionalized from the larger NRC network to specialize for resistance against root pathogens, including cyst and root-knot nematodes. We propose that NLR gene clusters and networks have evolved organ-specific gene expression as an adaptation to particular parasites and to reduce the risk of autoimmunity.
A Novel Role for CSA in the Regulation of Nuclear Envelope Integrity: Uncovering a Non-Canonical Function
Authors: Yang Denny , Lai Austin , Davies Amelie , Janssen Anne FJ , Larrieu Delphine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCockayne syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive premature ageing condition mainly characterized by microcephaly, growth failure, and neurodegeneration. It is caused by mutations inERCC6orERCC8genes which encode for Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB) and Cockayne Syndrome A (CSA) proteins, respectively. CSA and CSB have well-characterised roles in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), responsible for the removal of bulky DNA lesions, including those caused by UV irradiation. Here, we report that CSA knockout cells and CSA patient cells (CS-A) carrying a loss-of-function mutation in theERCC8gene exhibit defects in nuclear envelope (NE) integrity. NE dysfunction is a characteristic phenotype of cells from progeroid disorders caused by mutation in NE proteins, such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). However, it has never been reported in Cockayne Syndrome. We observed that CS-A cells displayed reduced levels of LAP2-emerin-MAN1 (LEM)-domain 2 (LEMD2) at the NE resulting in decreased formation of LEMD2-lamin A/C complexes. In addition, loss of CSA function caused increased actin stress fibers that contributed to enhanced mechanical stress to the NE. Altogether, these led to NE blebbing and ruptures in interphase, causing activation of the innate/immune cGAS/STING signaling pathway. Disrupting the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex that is responsible for anchoring the cytoskeleton to the NE, rescued the NE phenotypes and reduced the activation of cGAS/STING pathway. This work has revealed a previously uncharacterized role for CSA in regulating NE integrity and shed light on mechanisms that may further explain some of the clinical phenotypes observed in CS patients such as neuroinflammation. This is to our knowledge, the first study showing NE dysfunction in a progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in a DNA damage repair protein, reinforcing the connection between NE deregulation and ageing.
Neuroepithelial depletion schedules cessation of neurogenesis in theDrosophilaoptic lobes
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Khanh , Cheng Louise Y 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe brain is consisted of diverse neurons arising from a limited number of neural stem cells.Drosophilaneural stem cells called neuroblasts (NBs) produces specific neural lineages of various lineage sizes depending on their location in the brain. In theDrosophilavisual processing centre – the optic lobes (OLs), medulla NBs derived from the neuroepithelium (NE) give rise to neurons and glia cells of the medulla cortex. The timing and the mechanisms responsible for the cessation of medulla NBs are so far not known. In this study, we show that the termination of medulla NBs during pupal development is determined by the exhaustion of the NE stem cell pool. Altering NE-NB transition during larval neurogenesis disrupts the timely termination of medulla NBs. Medulla NBs terminate neurogenesis via a combination of cell death, terminal symmetric division, and a switch to gliogenesis. We show that temporal progression is not required for the termination of medulla NBs. The timing of NB cessation can be altered through the acquisition of a glial cell fate via Glial cells missing, or through conversion to type II NB cell fate via Tailless, or by inhibition of differentiation via Prospero knockdown. As theDrosophilaOL shares a similar mode of division with mammalian neurogenesis, determining how and when these progenitors cease proliferation during development can have important implications for mammalian brain size determination and regulation of its overall function.
Exploring practices that impact women’s career advancement within the workplace: a qualitative approach
Authors: Fitong Ketchiwou Gaelle , Naong Matsidiso Nehemia 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThis study aims to explore organizational factors that impact women’s career advancement. Knowledge of organizational practices that promote or obstruct women’s career progress is vital for women, firms and governments.Design/methodology/approachA total of 237 women participated in the study from the service sector in Johannesburg (South Africa). Participants were selected using a convenient sampling approach. Researchers used a questionnaire, consisting of demographic and open-ended questions, to gather data. Comments were analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach.FindingsFindings reveal that prioritizing women, offering skills development opportunities, providing growth opportunities, assisting women in managing their careers, offering mentorship and having work-family support initiatives are practices that promote women’s career advancement. Conversely, practices that foster stagnation of women’s careers, distrust in women’s leadership abilities, preference for external candidates, people–related malpractices, male domination/preference, lack of role models and work-family balance support, hamper women’s career advancement.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will contribute to women’s empowerment. Organizations should provide a conducive atmosphere by instituting practices that promote their female employees' career advancement. Firms also should intentionally take practical steps to address practices that impede women’s career progression. The results of this study will also help the government to design appropriate policies that will promote the career progression of women employees.Originality/valueThis study presents findings from an analysis of qualitative data collected from 237 women to provide insight into the experiences of women working within the service industry in Johannesburg, South Africa.
How to unleash innovative work behavior of SMEs workers through clan culture? “Testing the mediating role of knowledge sharing”
Authors: Marampa Adriana Madya , Garnasih Raden Lestari , Pariyanti Eka 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine perceived supervisory support (PSS) and the impact of the antecedents of sharing knowledge, namely, clan culture (CC) as well as trust in innovative work behavior (IWB).Design/methodology/approachThis research focuses on small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) employees, especially SMEs located around tourist attractions in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The distribution of the questionnaire was carried out in two ways, namely, the offline and online systems via the Google form. Data analysis tool using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings reveal that PSS, knowledge sharing (KS), CC as well as trust are positively related to IWB. In addition, it was also found that KS was proven to mediate CC relationships as well as the trust which had a positive relationship with IWB.Research limitations/implicationsThe research design uses cross-sectional data. This means that the measurement of variables is based on self-reports and is carried out at one time, which can lead to method bias that can affect the results of the study. Thus, further research is recommended to collect data longitudinally, which will make the findings stronger.Practical implicationsTheoretically, this study extends previous research by outlining a set of organizational elements that tend to influence KS behavior and their impact on IWB in the SMEs context.Social implicationsManagers and owners of SMEs need to create a CC because the creation of a family or CC will more easily foster a culture of sharing knowledge within the organization, which will ultimately increase IWB.Originality/valueThis study emphasizes that it is not only internal factors within employees that can foster IWB but there are external factors that play an important role in increasing IWB, such as CC, PSS, trust and KS. And to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to include all the constructs in one model and the context of SMEs.
How do CCIs contribute to regional innovation?
Authors: Huang Elle Xiaoyan , Zou Xueying 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to understand how cultural and creative industries (CCIs) contribute to regional innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores the process of CCIs contributing to regional innovation and assesses the accumulated outcome of this process.

Findings
The authors conclude that CCIs contribute to a city’s innovation involving five dimensions (time, space, tangible, intangible and division) and four phases (people, tool, collaboration and brokerage) and the contributions are accumulated into positive innovation outcome; however, a highly developed economy is relatively unsupportive of CCIs contributing to regional innovation.

Originality/value
The main contributions are that the authors configured the detailed process of CCIs contributing to regional innovation and the authors quantitatively measured the impact of CCIs on regional innovation, using the Porter diamond model and Shannon entropy to construct the CCI index.
Physical education mentors in initial teacher training: who cares?
Authors: Jones Luke , Tones Steven , Foulkes Gethin , Newland Andrew 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe broad aim of this paper is to use Noddings' theory of ethical care to analyse mentors' caring experiences. More specifically, it aims to analyse how physical education (PE) mentors provide care, how they are cared for and how this impacts their role within the context of secondary PE initial teacher training (ITT).Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were used to generate data from 17 secondary PE mentors within the same university ITT partnership in the north-west of England. Questions focused on the mentors' experiences of care and the impact this had on their wellbeing and professional practice. A process of thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse and report patterns in the data.FindingsThe participants reflected established definitions of mentoring by prioritising the aim of developing the associate teachers' (ATs) teaching rather than explicitly providing support for their wellbeing. This aim could be challenging for mentors who face personal and professional difficulties while supporting the training of an AT. Mentors frequently referred to the support of their departmental colleagues in overcoming these difficulties and the importance of developing interdependent caring relationships. Receiving care did not impede mentors from providing support for others; it heightened awareness and increased their desire to develop caring habits.Originality/valueTeacher wellbeing has drawn greater attention in recent years and is increasingly prioritised in public policy. These findings highlight the value of mentor wellbeing and how caring professional relationships can mitigate the pressures associated with performativity and managing a demanding workload.
Impact of organizational positive and negative culture on employee performance
Authors: Fridan Abdulrahman Adel A. , Maamari Bassem E. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of both positive and negative corporate cultures on employee performance in Saudi Arabia, in the presence of performance reviews and factors leading to positive work culture, in an environment that underwent serious modification with COVID-19. The changing work methods (online, remote, etc.) have left their mark necessitating revisiting the needs and capabilities of employees in the work environment.

Design/methodology/approach
This quantitative study uses primary data from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), non-profit organizations, and transnational organizations, in their transient role and influence on organizational culture change. The data set includes 311 usable responses from 50 randomly selected organizations and is analysed using structural equation modelling to test the proposed model.

Findings
A healthy corporate culture serves as the basis for increased employee performance in the workplace. The three independent variables, availability of negative culture, availability of positive culture and employee perceived performance, have a positive impact on the dependent variable employee perceived effectiveness of performance reviews; however, factors leading to the development of a positive organizational has a negative influence.

Research limitations/implications
This study faced a limitation with the potential similarity of responses due to the large number of same-background respondents (engineers). However, the results are indicative of a trend. Moreover, the responses did not allow for cross comparison between responding organizational types (SMEs, non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations) as was planned.

Practical implications
Managers should motivate their respective employees, through ensuring the diffusion and sustainability of the right culture work environment. This should allow their teams to complete tasks with little or no supervision. Moreover, as the Saudi economy is gearing up for global competitiveness, this performance culture becomes a key for the success of the strategic plans, thus the high importance of the positive culture at work today.

Social implications
Understanding the importance of positive and negative culture at the managerial level would affect the relationship with employees and improve work environment and job satisfaction.

Originality/value
This study pinpoints the need to revisit a dimming topic, proving that with the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, managers need to go back to square one. The introduction of the many novel work systems, online, remote work, etc. have changed the work setting and environment. This is requiring a new look at the employees’ perceptions on factors influencing corporate culture and performance.
Cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan African prisons: a scoping review
Authors: Gavi Amos , Plugge Emma , Van Hout Marie Claire 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The dual epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa has increased substantially in recent years, with cardiovascular disease representing a significant contributor to the regional burden of disease. Very little is known about the cardiovascular health of people deprived of their liberty in the region. The purpose of this study was to collate extant literature on the topic.

Design/methodology/approach
A scoping review mapped and described what is known about cardiovascular disease in prison populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search of empirical literature with no date limitation was conducted in English. Sixteen studies representing six Sub-Saharan African countries (Cameroon, Nigeria, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Ethiopia) were charted, categorised and thematically analysed.

Findings
Seven key themes were identified: custodial deaths and autopsy; cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise; cardiovascular disease and elderly people in prison; cardiovascular disease and women in prison; dietary deficiencies; influence of sleep patterns on cardiovascular disease; and other associated risk factors. Most natural deaths at autopsy of custodial deaths were due to cardiovascular disease. Cardiorespiratory fitness was low in prisons, and poor sleep patterns and dietary deficiencies are likely contributors to the burden of cardiovascular disease in prisons. The needs of elderly and female prison populations are ill-considered.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first known attempt to scope extant literature on cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan African prisons. A strategic focus on the cardiovascular health of people in prison is warranted. Routine monitoring and expansion of existing prison health-care services and integration of NCD services with infectious disease (HIV and tuberculosis) programmes in prisons are required.