bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating zero transmission of HIV in the MSM population: a UK modelling case study
Authors: Massey Katherine , Vardanega Vittoria , Chaponda Mas , Eddowes Lucy A. , Hearmon Natalie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals for HIV have been surpassed in the UK, with focus now moving to ending transmission by 2030. The concept of zero transmission is complex and many factors can influence transmission. We aimed to investigate how the target of zero transmission might be reached in the UK.

Methods
We developed a de novo Markov state transition open cohort model of HIV with a 50-year time horizon, which models six key screening, treatment and prevention parameters, including treatment-as-prevention (TasP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We studied the anticipated HIV epidemic trajectory over time in men who have sex with men (MSM), with and without changing the six key parameters, defining zero transmission as a 60% reduction in incidence compared with 2010 incidence.

Results
Zero transmission in the MSM population was not achieved within the model’s time horizon in our base case scenario, when the six key parameters were set to their 2019 values. Several future scenarios were explored, including a combination approach to preventing HIV transmission through increasing five key parameter values and considering three different TasP values; zero transmission was achieved by 2030 in the scenario where TasP was increased from its current level of 97–99%, avoiding 48,969 new HIV cases over the time horizon and reducing the lifetime risk of acquiring HIV for HIV-negative MSM not using PrEP from 13.65 to 7.53%.

Conclusions
Zero transmission in the UK MSM population can be reached by the target year of 2030 with bold changes to HIV policy. A combination approach such as the UK Government’s ‘Towards Zero’ Action plan, impacting multiple policies and including an increase in TasP, has the potential to achieve meaningful reductions in HIV transmission and meet this ambitious goal.
The effect of housing tenure on health status of migrant populations in China: are health service utilization and social integration mediating factors?
Authors: Jia Fulin , Liu Xiaonan , Wang Yuxiang , Ma Mingze 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Current research suggests that there is an association between housing tenure and the health status of migrant populations, but the potential mediators of this association remain to be explored. We aimed to examine the effect of housing tenure on migrant populations’ health in China and how this effect is mediated by health service utilization and social integration.

Methods
Data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey of 47,459 participants was used. Logistic regression models were used to explore the effects of housing tenure, health service utilization, and social integration on the health status of migrant populations. Mediated effects models were used to explore the association among them. This study used the bootstrap method and KHB method to test the mediating effect of health service utilization and social integration.

Results
Compared to private renters, owners with mortgages (OR: 0.828, 95% CI: 0.765–0.896) were significantly associated with a higher risk of poor health. Compared with private renters, outright owners were associated with a lower risk of poor health (OR: 1.016, 95% CI: 0.935, 1.104), but the association was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Moreover, health service utilization (OR: 1.422, 95% CI: 1.268, 1.594) and social integration (OR: 4.357, 95% CI: 3.555, 5.341) were both significantly associated with a higher probability of good health (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Among migrant populations, homeowners with mortgages had a lower likelihood of good health than private renters, while there was no significant difference in the health status between outright owners and private renters. Moreover, health service utilization and social integration mediate the effect of housing tenure on the health status of migrant populations. Policies and interventions can be designed to improve the health service utilization and social inclusion of migrant populations to reduce health disparities across housing tenure types.
National electrical energy supply: foundations of a future system
Authors: Benthaus Manfred , Gosper Lachlan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Approximately 90% of the global human population have access to a supply of electrical energy. Existing national electrical energy supply systems possess good technical availability but with significant system-inherent risks. The latter show their effects in the systems’ operational behaviour, their impact on the national economy and on the global climate. National electrical energy supply systems in their current state can therefore not be considered sustainable. This invites the question, “can there be a national electrical energy supply system that is simultaneously technologically, economically and environmentally sustainable?”.

Main text
The contents of this article are of a fundamental nature. They start from a newly established axiomatic system for multiple-sustainable electric energy systems. The axioms contain no dependencies on individual users, nation states or technologies. For the transition into a sustainable energy system, core challenges faced by existing systems are synthesized, the fulfillment of which determines the feasibility of future systems. We state that anthropogenically generated electrical energy is a product possessing a cultural-technical significance. In this article, the possibilities arising from the physical fundamentals are considered. In addition, a new control system is developed that integrates user impact, quality assurance and cost developments in order to show a means to multiple-sustainable energy supply systems. An essential component of the control system is a unified view of energy production and energy transport. This also includes a transition from the previous, technology-dominated energy supply system into a new system for which the relevant social concerns are primary. One axiom deals with the economic concerns of management organizations of national electrical energy systems. At first, only the monetary working hypothesis is formulated, whereby organizations within the energy economy must be decoupled from basic business principles. Detailed discussions will be dealt with in a further article.

Conclusions
Through the transition from a technology-defined to a user-defined electrical energy supply system, the system-immanent risks in the operational behaviour, the national economy and the climate can be avoided simultaneously in an ideal complementary combination. Building upon the physical solution space, the quality-assured control process, which contains a systematic cost-reversal and a central focus upon the cultural-technical product of electrical energy, ensures such a transition is achievable by means of fulfillment of the core challenges. For these fundamental statements, which refer to the transformation into a future system, detailed explanations of organizational units are not yet necessary since they are not subject to any natural-scientific restrictions. However, they are essential for the post-transformation process.
Clinical significance and burden of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization acquisition in hospitalized patients
Authors: Hassoun-Kheir Nasreen , Hussien Khetam , Karram Marianne , Saffuri Maram , Badaan Sally , Peleg Shani , Aboelhega Worood , Warman Sigal , Alon Tamar , Pollak Dina , Szwarcwort Cohen Moran , Paul Mical 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections have a significant morbidity and mortality toll. The clinical significance and associated burden of CRE colonization rather than infection state are not frequently investigated. We aimed to assess the outcomes of CRE colonized patients compared to matched controls.

Methods
A secondary analysis of a 1:2 matched case–control study at a tertiary hospital in northern Israel (January-2014 to June-2017). Cases were adults who newly acquired CRE colonization during hospitalization. Controls were inpatients negatively screened for CRE, matched by age, hospitalization division and total days of hospitalization 90 days prior to screening. Our primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, diagnosis of any clinical infection, overall days of hospital stay and bloodstream infections all in 1-year follow-up. We estimated crude and propensity score weighted estimates for study outcomes.

Results
We included a total of 1019 patients: 340 CRE colonized and 679 non-colonized controls. After adjustment, CRE colonization was not associated with increased 1-year mortality (weighted OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.64–1.50, p = 0.936). CRE colonized patients had 1.7 times the odds of clinical infection of any cause (weighted odds ratio (OR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.06–2.56, p = 0.025). CRE colonized patients had increased length of hospital stay compared to controls (weighted OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.10–2.10, p < 0.001) among 1-year survivors.

Conclusions
CRE colonization may not be independently associated with mortality but with higher risk of clinical infections and longer hospital stays. Infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship are of utmost importance to prevent acquisition and infections in colonized patients.
Significance of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ibrahim Noha Hosni , Abd-Elhamid Yasser Abd-Elaziz , El Tanawy Refaat Mostafa , Abdel Hameed Rasha , Elbastawesy Hanaa Alaa Mahmoud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a well-known multi-system connective tissue disease, it has an unidentified aetiology that is characterised by abnormal immune system activation, vascular injury, which may progress to faulty neovascularization and inadequate vessel remodelling, and tissue scarring of the skin, lungs, and other internal viscera. Krebs von den Lungen-6 is a kind of transmembrane glycoprotein of type II alveolar epithelial cells and is specific for determining its damage. Regardless of the cause, serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels have been investigated in interstitial lung disease (ILD) of several etiologies and have been found to be a significant serum marker for ILD. The current research aims to look into the relationship between serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels and disease severity and clinical manifestations, specifically interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, in patients with SSc. In this study, 30 patients with systemic sclerosis and 30 control subjects—15 dermatomyositis patients and 15 healthy volunteers— were also incorporated to see if the change in serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels is specific for SSc as dermatomyositis is another connective tissue disorder with lung affection.

Results
A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the median value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 when compared to the control groups was observed, which was 447.95 (145.68–817.98) in the SSc patients group, 158.80 (130.00–730.70) in the dermatomyositis group, and 48.10 (39.50–103.90) in the healthy control group. A significantly higher median value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 in ground glass, honeycombing, and nodular HRCT was established, with P-value (P < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant discrepancy in the median Krebs von den Lungen-6 value between patients with ILD (717.7) and patients without ILD (145.7) with P-value (P < 0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between Krebs von den Lungen-6 (U/ml) and Disease duration (years), Medsger severity scale, Digital ulceration, modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS), and P-value (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Krebs von den Lungen-6 could be a scleroderma biomarker. It has been linked to the development and severity of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis patients and may shed light on the pathophysiology of some fibrotic lung changes.
Social Deprivation and End-of-Life Care Use Among Adults With Cancer
Authors: Cross Sarah H. , Yabroff K. Robin , Yeager Katherine A. , Curseen Kimberly A. , Quest Tammie E. , Kamal Arif , Zarrabi Ali John , Kavalieratos Dio 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE Socioeconomic differences are partially responsible for racial inequities in cancer outcomes, yet the association of area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and race with end-of-life (EOL) cancer care quality is poorly understood. METHODS This retrospective study used electronic medical records from an academic health system to identify 33,635 adults with cancer who died between 2013 and 2019. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations between decedent characteristics and EOL care, including emergency department (ED) visits, intensive care unit (ICU) stays, palliative care consultation (PCC), hospice order, and in-hospital deaths. Social deprivation index was used to measure socioeconomic disadvantages. RESULTS Racially minoritized decedents had higher odds of ICU stay than the least deprived White decedents (eg, other race Q3: aOR, 2.06 [99% CI, 1.26 to 0.3.39]). White and Black decedents from more deprived areas had lower odds of ED visit (White Q3: aOR, 0.382 [99% CI, 0.263 to 0.556]; Black Q3: aOR, 0.566 [99% CI, 0.373 to 0.858]) than least deprived White decedents. Compared with White decedents living in least deprived areas, racially minoritized decedents had higher odds of receiving PCC and hospice order, whereas White decedents in most deprived areas had lower odds of PCC (aOR, 0.727 [99% CI, 0.592 to 0.893]) and hospice order (aOR, 0.845 [99% CI, 0.724 to 0.986]). Greater deprivation was associated with greater odds of hospital death relative to least deprived White decedents, but only among minoritized decedents (eg, Black Q4: aOR, 2.16 [99% CI, 1.82 to 2.56]). CONCLUSION Area-level socioeconomic disadvantage is not uniformly associated with poorer EOL cancer care, with differences among decedents of different racial groups.
Patterns and Life Course Determinants of Black–White Disparities in Biological Age Acceleration: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Boen Courtney E. , Yang Y. Claire , Aiello Allison E. , Dennis Alexis C. , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Kwon Dayoon , Belsky Daniel W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the prominence of the weathering hypothesis as a mechanism underlying racialized inequities in morbidity and mortality, the life course social and economic determinants of Black–White disparities in biological aging remain inadequately understood. This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 6,782), multivariable regression, and Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to assess Black–White disparities across three measures of biological aging: PhenoAge, Klemera–Doubal biological age, and homeostatic dysregulation. It also examines the contributions of racial differences in life course socioeconomic and stress exposures and vulnerability to those exposures to Black–White disparities in biological aging. Across the outcomes, Black individuals exhibited accelerated biological aging relative to White individuals. Decomposition analyses showed that racial differences in life course socioeconomic exposures accounted for roughly 27% to 55% of the racial disparities across the biological aging measures, and racial disparities in psychosocial stress exposure explained 7% to 11%. We found less evidence that heterogeneity in the associations between social exposures and biological aging by race contributed substantially to Black–White disparities in biological aging. Our findings offer new evidence of the role of life course social exposures in generating disparities in biological aging, with implications for understanding age patterns of morbidity and mortality risks.
Η Μεθοδολογία CARE για την Ανάπτυξη Μαθησιο-κεντρικών Δραστηριοτήτων στο πλαίσιο της Εκπαίδευσης για την Αειφόρο/Βιώσιμη Ανάπτυξη
Authors: Κωστούλα-Μακράκη Νέλλη , Μακράκης Βασίλης 
Published: November 2023

Σε αυτή την εργασία παρουσιάζουμε μια μετασχηματιστική μαθησιακή προσέγγιση που ονομάζεται CARE (Conceptualization, Activation, Reflection, Engagement) και η οποία συνδέεται με την εκπαίδευση για την αειφόρο / βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη. Η μαθησιακή προσέγγιση CARE περιλαμβάνει τέσσερις διαδραστικές διαδικασίες οι οποίες ξεκινούν από την εννοιολόγηση της μαθησιακής παρέμβασης, στη συνέχεια ακολουθεί η ενεργοποίηση η οποία υποστηρίζεται από τον κριτικό αναστοχασμό, και τέλος έχουμε την εμπλοκή των μαθητών για δράση. Επιχειρώντας να συνδέσουμε τη θεωρία με την πράξη, θα εστιάσουμε στην ανάπτυξη μιας μαθησιο-κεντρικής δραστηριότητας (Πρόσφυγες που διασχίζουν το Αιγαίο: Μαθαίνοντας από την Ιστορία) με την εφαρμογή της μεθοδολογίας CARE η οποία υποστηρίζεται από ψηφιακές τεχνολογίες. Το διδακτικό και μαθησιακό αφήγημα ενσωματώνει διάφορες γνωστικές περιοχές, όπως η Ιστορία, η Γεωγραφία, η Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Αγωγή και η Γλώσσα. Mέσα από τη μαθησιακή προσέγγιση CARE, οι μαθητές συνδέουν τα 3Hs δηλαδή, τη γνωστική ανάπτυξη (Head), τη συναισθηματική ανάπτυξη (Heart) και τη δράση (Hand) έτσι ώστε να γίνουν φορείς αλλαγής.
Convergence or Divergence? Analysis of Regional Development Convergence in Hungary
Authors: Bakucs Zoltán , Fertő Imre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The enlargement of the European Union (EU) led to an increase in regional development differences, challenging the EU structural policy. Whilst there are numerous papers discussing international and cross-EU development convergence, the issue seems under-researched at national level, especially when small territorial units are considered. This paper aims to partially fill this gap by using low aggregation (Local Administrative Unit 1, LAU1) territorial data between 2002 and 2013 a period that comprises Hungary’s EU accession and also the years of the recent Global Financial Crisis. We employ a novel approach to circumvent the lack of income, productivity or competitiveness data at LAU1 level by deriving two Regional Development Indices (RDI) resting on the estimation of internal migration functions. Once the RDIs are estimated, we proceed to a test sigma, beta and unit root convergence. Our results point towards regional divergence with rather bleak consequences for Hungarian and indeed European cohesion aims.
Monographs of rural communities: Polish school of research
Authors: Bukraba-Rylska Izabella 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article presents the most important dilemmas related to the monographic method, discussing them on the example of monographs of Polish villages. Particular emphasis is put on contentious issues such as: research statics – dynamics, representativeness – generalisations, and enumerative induction – analytic induction. The analysis of the selected monographs reveals that most of the objections reported with respect to such publications (i.e. focus on describing rather than analysing the problem, providing unnecessary details, lack of representativeness, and insufficient theoretical reflection) seem to be unfounded. In the end the article discusses circumstances that point to the need to return to this method, particularly in countries peripheral to the centre of the global academic field.
Tracing the impact of The Polish Peasant… – from rural sociology to migration studies
Authors: Krajewska Malwina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper consists of two sections. Firstly, it will recall the work of William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki and their successors. Thoughts published in this section will attempt to show how their methodological and theoretical heritage contributed to the development of sociology. Furthermore, it will show how their work, with alternate fortune and undeniable fame, inspired researchers for 100 years. Secondly, it will present significance of Thomas and Znaniecki heritage in the development of migration studies in addition to offering an essential overview of the contemporary migration issue. The article deliberates on the validity, topicality and current reception of methodology and theory proposed by Thomas and Znaniecki.
The impact of the age structure of active population on agricultural activity rate: The case study of the Timok Krajina region
Authors: Popović Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As agricultural activity is primarily linked to rural areas, negative demographic trends characterising them present as one of the basic factors of size and age structure changes in the agricultural population. On the other hand, the modernisation of agricultural production, combined with various stimulating mechanisms, impacts its attractiveness, thus influencing the number and age structure of agricultural producers. Change in the overall agricultural activity rate reflects these two processes, making it suitable to be analysed by quantification of effects that produce these changes by applying Das Gupta’s decomposition method. The Timok Krajina region is chosen as a characteristic example due to the recent and relatively significant rise in the overall activity rate in agriculture, in contrast to the national level, where a constant decline in this rate is present. This research focuses on the difference that occurred in the last intercensal period (between 2002 and 2011), aiming to determine the impact of changes in the age structure of the active population that performs an occupation on the change of overall activity rate in agriculture in the Timok Krajina region. The research results depict that the changes in activity rate in agriculture in the examined period almost completely occurred under the influence of demographic factors, while other factors, marked as the rate effects, had a symbolic impact.
The importance of local community attitudes for sustainable tourism in protected areas: The case of Tikvara Nature Park, Serbia
Authors: Obradović Sanja , Stojanović Vladimir , Knežević Svetlana Mirkov , Milić Dubravka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most important elements of tourism development is encouraging the participation of the local community. In order to encourage their participation, it is necessary to be aware of the attitudes of the local residents with respect to the development of tourism. The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of the local community towards the development of sustainable tourism and ecotourism in the protected area Tikvara, along with the local residents’ level of nature protection and preservation in the Tikvara Nature Park. A survey was conducted among 301 residents and the results indicate that while good community support for sustainable tourism activities in each area captured by the survey (planning, participation, activities, and decision-making) exists, local residents’ attitudes are affected by their sociodemographic characteristics. Nonetheless, a large number of locals were happy to participate in protection programs and believed that the environment should be protected for future generations to enjoy the natural and cultural resources of this area. These findings should be considered when designing sustainable tourism management strategies, while respecting the needs and rights of the local community, as the willingness of locals to develop sustainable tourism is essential for the success of this sector.