bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of a cyclic dipeptidomimetic: The effect of ring size on a 1,2,5‐trisubstituted‐3‐oxo‐1,4‐diazepine system
Authors: Piserchio Andrea , Han Yinglin , Chorev Michael , Mierke Dale F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of dipeptidomimetics derived from Cαi‐to‐Ni−1 side chain‐to‐backbone amide cyclization of adjacent amino acids are structurally characterized. The resulting ring systems are either 1,2,5‐trisubstituted‐3‐oxo‐1,4‐diazepine (DAP) structurally related to benzodiazepines, commonly used in drug candidates and therapeutic agents, or higher homologs of it. Here, we examine the structural consequences of enlarging the ring size from seven members to eight‐, nine‐, and ten‐membered rings. The structural features determined by high‐resolution NMR methods, relying largely on homo‐ and heteronuclear coupling constants, indicate that variation of the ring leads to alternative conformations and topological orientations of the attached chemical moieties or functional groups. Controlling the topological display of the ring substituents required for biological action, using a molecular scaffold made up entirely of functional groups found in peptides, should facilitate the rational, stepwise transformation of peptide lead candidate into a nonpeptidic drug candidate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 16–25, 2002
Study of Langmuir–Blodgett phospholipidic films deposited on surface enhanced Raman scattering active gold nanoparticle monolayers
Authors: Bernard S. , Felidj N. , Truong S. , Peretti P. , Lévi G. , Aubard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSurface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was used to study phospholipid monolayers transferred by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique to SERS active substrates. These substrates, which were constituted of gold colloidal nanoparticles bound to polysilane films grafted onto glass plates, showed a uniform and homogeneous layer with strong interacting particles as revealed from UV–visible extinction spectra and atomic force microscopy images. Laser excitation at 632.8 nm within the red part of the localized surface plasmon resonance leads to intense and reproducible SERS spectra of trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (BPE). From SERS measurements at different pHs it was possible to determine the apparent pKa of BPE adsorbed on gold‐coated silanized substrates in the absence and presence of one LB monomolecular layer of phospholipids. These SERS titrations allowed the estimation of the pH at the metal–LB film interface. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 314–318, 2002
Real‐time in situ monitoring of freely suspended and immobilized cell cultures based on mid‐infrared spectroscopic measurements
Authors: Rhiel Martin , Ducommun Paul , Bolzonella Ivan , Marison Ian , von Stockar Urs 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGlucose and lactate profiles in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures were accurately monitored in real time and in situ during three bioreactor batch cultures lasting 11,15, and 15 days performed within a 60‐day period. Monitoring was accomplished using in situ‐collected mid‐infrared spectra analyzed with a priori one‐time established partial least‐squares regression models. The robustness of the technique was demonstrated by application of these models without modification after 2.3 years. Neither recalibration nor instrument maintenance was required during the 2.3‐year period, except for the daily filling of liquid nitrogen for detector cooling during operation. The lactate calibration model yielded accurate absolute concentration estimations during each of the batch cultures with standard errors of estimate from 1 to 3 mM. The a priori‐established glucose calibration model yielded concentration estimations with an off‐set, which was constant throughout a culture. Adjustment of the off‐set before inoculation resulted in accurate concentration estimations with Standard errors of estimate of approximately 1 mM for each of the bioreactor cultures. Sensitivity in detecting differences of 0.5 mM and selectivity against variation of one metabolite while the other was kept constant was demonstrated during standard additions of either glucose or lactate. The sensor system proved to be reliable, simple, accurate, sterile, and capable of long‐term automatic operation and is considered to be mature enough to be routinely applied for in situ (on‐line) cell culture monitoring. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 174–185, 2002.
Full model for reversible kinetics of lipase‐catalyzed sugar–ester synthesis in 2‐methyl 2‐butanol
Authors: Flores Maria Victoria , Halling Peter J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA kinetic model derived from the ping‐pong bi‐bi reversible mechanism is proposed to described the acylation of glucose by lauric acid in 2‐methyl 2‐butanol mediated by Candida antarctica lipase at 60°C. The model accounts for the effect of all four compounds in the reaction mixture, namely lauric acid, glucose, water, and lauroyl glucose ester. A supersaturated glucose solution was used to avoid limitations by glucose dissolution rate. Experiments with varied initial water content were performed to determine the effect of water on the initial reaction rate. The full time course of ester formation is described by five parameters: (a) three parameters evaluated from initial rate measurements; (b) the equilibrium constant, independently evaluated; and (c) one extra parameter fitted to the progress curve of ester formation. This reduced form of a full reversible kinetic model based on the ping‐pong bi‐bi mechanism is able to describe the complete course of lauroyl glucose ester synthesis. The proposed model provides a good fit for the experimental results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 795–801, 2002.
Laser morphometric analysis of the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Authors: Monk A.P. , Berry E. , Limb D. , Soames R.W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have assessed the topography of the articular surface of the glenoid fossa using a laser morphometric technique. Eighteen cadaveric scapulae from individuals aged 66 to 90 years were scanned and the degree of version of five lines constructed in the horizontal plane was determined. The lines comprised a transverse reference line (equatorial midline) located midway between the superior and inferior tubercles of the fossa, lines at 45% of the height of the glenoid fossa above and below the equatorial line, and further lines midway between these pairs. The cartilage‐covered glenoid articular surface displayed differences in version between its superior and inferior aspects; the mean difference in version between the superior and inferior lines was 11.2 degrees, with the most superior line being retroverted 8.2 degrees with respect to the equatorial midline and the most inferior line anteverted 3.2 degrees. These data may be of importance in understanding the kinematics of the glenohumeral joint and in translating this knowledge to joint replacement surgery. Clin. Anat. 14:320–323, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Community colleges and the workforce investment act: Promises and problems of the new vocationalism
Authors: Jacobs James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the Workforce Investment Act has reached the implementation stage, questions about its impact on community colleges remain. Interesting and creative work in line with the new vocationalism has been initiated on behalf of low‐income clients, but it is still unclear how well community colleges will meet client needs within the framework of the legislation.
Simultaneous transcatheter occlusion of two atrial baffle leaks and stent implantation for SVC obstruction in a patient after mustard repair
Authors: Sharaf Eman , Waight David J. , Hijazi Ziyad M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 19.5‐year‐old patient after Mustard operation was found to have baffle leaks and obstruction. This patient underwent successful device closure of the leaks using the Amplatzer device and stent implantation with complete resolution of the symptoms. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:72–76. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic effects on the regio‐ and enantioselectivity of the asymmetric aminohydroxylation of O‐Substituted 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butenoates
Authors: Chuang Chih‐Yuan , Vassar Victor C. , Ma Zuping , Geney Raphaël , Ojima Iwao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegio‐ and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric aminohydroxylation (AA) reaction of O‐substituted 4‐hydroxy‐2‐butenoates as well as the mechanism of the reaction were studied. When the electronic properties of the phenyl group in a substrate were altered by using different substituents, two conflicting trends were observed: The O‐benzoyl substrates showed greater regio‐ and enantioselectivity when an electron‐donating substituent was attached at the C‐4 position of the phenyl group, while the O‐benzyl substrates exhibited better regio‐ and enantioselectivity with an electron‐withdrawing substituent at the C‐4 position of the phenyl moiety. Thus, these results have disclosed hitherto unknown remarkable electronic effects in the AA reaction. Detailed analysis of possible electronic interactions in the chiral catalyst–substrate complex has revealed the importance of dipolar aromatic–aromatic interactions between the aromatic substituent of the substrate and the nitrogen heteroaromatic moiety of the chiral ligand for effective regiocontrol as well as enantioface selection in the AA reaction. A plausible model of the key intermediate in the AA reaction of O‐substituted 4‐hydroxy‐2‐butenoates is proposed. Chirality 14:151–162, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR studies of chiral discrimination relevant to the enantioseparation of N‐acylarylalkylamines by an (R)‐phenylglycinol‐derived chiral selector
Authors: Im Sung Hyun , Ryoo Jae Jeong , Lee Kwang‐Pill , Choi Seong‐Ho , Jeong Young Han , Jung Young Sik , Hyun Myung Ho 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, it was reported that the chiral recognition ability of (R)‐N‐3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl phenylglycinol derivative was examined as a new HPLC chiral stationary phase (CSP 1) for the resolution of racemic N‐acylnaphthylalkylamines. However, the mechanism of chiral discrimination on the CSP remained elusive until now. In this study, a spectroscopic investigation of the chiral discrimination mechanism of CSP 1 was undertaken using mixtures of (R)‐N‐3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl phenylglycinol‐derived chiral selector (2) and each of the enantiomers of N‐acylnaphthylalkylamines (3) by NMR study. First, the differences in free energy changes (ΔΔG) upon diastereomeric complexation in solution between the complex of each isomer with chiral selector 2 by NMR titration were calculated. The values were then compared with those estimated by chiral HPLC. The chemical shift changes of each proton on the chiral selector and analytes were also checked and it was found that the chemical shift changes decreased continuously as the acyl group on analytes increased in length. This observation was consistent with the HPLC data. From these experimental results, the interaction mechanism of chiral discrimination between the chiral selector and the analytes is more precisely explained. Chirality 14:329–333, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gram‐scale synthesis of (+)‐ and (−)‐trans‐10‐amino‐9‐hydroxy‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene by enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Irurre J. , Riera M. , Guixá M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe enzymatic resolution of (±)‐trans‐10‐azido‐9‐acetoxy‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene by Candida cylindracea lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis was achieved on the gram‐scale with excellent yield and enantiomeric excess. The resulting (+)‐ and (−)‐amino alcohols were derivatized to α‐hydroxy‐N‐benzenesulphonamides. Chirality 14:490–494, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral recognition phenomena probed by steady‐state luminescence measurements: Stern‐Volmer analysis of chiral discriminatory behavior
Authors: Bolender James P. , Meyers Andrew , Cordaro Joseph , Ries Ryan S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe chiral recognition phenomenon observed in enantioselective excited‐state energy transfer processes currently requires the use of chiroptical spectroscopic techniques to probe the magnitude and sense of the discriminatory interactions. The use of chiroptical spectroscopic techniques limits the study of chiral recognition to those molecular species with strong absorption or emission dissymmetry factors. This study presents the theoretical and experimental methodology to determine the magnitude of chiral discriminatory interactions with unpolarized, steady‐state luminescence measurements. Based on bimolecular luminescence quenching kinetics for a system containing chiral molecules, the Stern‐Volmer equation is derived and contains a chiral discriminatory term for a system containing a chiral but racemic luminophore and an enantiomerically resolved quencher species. The utility of this methodology is confirmed by examining the enantioselective excited‐state quenching between several Ln(dpa) complexes (where Ln = Eu3+, Tb3+, or Dy3+ and dpa = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate) acting as the energy donor and either racemic or enantiomerically resolved [Co(dach)3]3+ (where dach = trans‐1R,2R (or 1S,2S)‐diaminocyclohexane) acting as the energy acceptor in an aqueous solution. The results of this study confirm the utility of unpolarized, steady‐state luminescence measurements as a probe of chiral discriminatory behavior. Chirality 14:456–464, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competitive intelligence: Lessons from the trenches
Authors: Prescott John E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article is adapted from the introduction to the recently published book Proven Strategies in Competitive Intelligence: Lessons from the Trenches, edited by John E. Prescott and Stephen H. Miller (2001, John Wiley & Sons). Along with his own research, Dr. Prescott draws key lessons from articles published over the past five years in the pages of Competitive Intelligence Review, including competitive intelligence (CI) case studies and competitive technical intelligence (CTI) case studies, as well as articles describing, from a case study perspective, CI and CTI research tools and analytical techniques. The four overarching lessons he finds and explains are (1) CI programs require a clearly articulated role that emerges through a process of (re)learning the intelligence needs of organizational members; (2) the set of outputs from a CI program must be disseminated on a timely basis, provide actionable implications, and be perceived as credible and trustworthy; (3) in organizations, an intelligence‐driven culture is built one person at a time, through intelligence skill enhancement, human network development, and mechanisms that facilitate the flow of information; and (4) the evolution of CI programs is a natural phenomenon driven by the needs of the corporation, feedback, and quality enhancement techniques. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunologic quantitation of the carcinoma specific human carcinoma antigen in clinical samples
Authors: Codington John F. , Haavik Svein , Nikrui Najmosama , Kuter Irene , Vassileva Christina , Zhang Hui , Matson Samantha , Chen Xiaomei , Wu Zibin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDBased on the cross‐reactivity of the human carcinoma antigen, HCA, with epiglycanin, a mouse mammary carcinoma cell surface glycoprotein, HCA has been detected in the tissue and blood of patients with every type of epithelium‐derived cancer tested.METHODSCompetitive binding assays utilized the following antiepiglycanin antibodies: a polyclonal rabbit antiserum (immunoglobulin [Ig] G and IgM) in a radioimmunoassay; mouse monoclonal antibodies (Ab‐1, IgM) on immunoplates; anti‐idiotypic (Ab‐2) and anti‐anti‐idiotypic (Ab‐3) monoclonal antibodies (both IgG) from spleen cells of C57BL mice immunized, respectively, with Ab‐1 and Ab‐2, and utilized on immunoplates. IgG and IgM antibodies were evaluated for their ability to detect HCA and to distinguish between the blood of patients with, or without, carcinomas.RESULTSAssays with the rabbit antiserum distinguished plasmas of metastatic breast carcinoma patients from those of patients with benign breast disease with a sensitivity of approximately 93% (specificity 90%). Antiepiglycanin IgM monoclonal antibodies (i.e., AE3) showed high specificity and sensitivity (> 90%) with sera from advanced carcinoma patients when compared with normal sera. The IgG anti‐anti‐idiotypic (Ab‐3) monoclonal antibodies (i.e., AF2), which bind the same epitope as Ab‐1, appear to possess less nonspecific binding capacity, however, than the Ab‐1 (IgM) antibodies. Anti‐Ab‐1 (i.e., C8F2) anti‐idiotypic monoclonal antibodies, which bear an idiotope equivalent to the epitope present in epiglycanin and the HCA, demonstrated greater consistency as a standard calibrator and for coating wells than epiglycanin.CONCLUSIONSThe concentration of the HCA in the body fluids of patients with carcinomas may be accurately determined by competitive binding assays. It is suggested that the use of anti‐idiotypic antibodies (IgG), rather than epiglycanin/HCA, and Ab‐3 anti‐anti‐idiotypic antibodies (IgG), rather than Ab‐1 (IgM), will improve the consistency, as well as the sensitivity and specificity, of the assay. Cancer 2002;94:803–13. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10124
Detection of genetic alterations in the p53 suppressor gene and the K‐ras oncogene among different grades of dysplasia in patients with colorectal adenomas
Authors: Hosaka Shigetoshi , Aoki Yuji , Akamatsu Taiji , Nakamura Naoshi , Hosaka Noriko , Kiyosawa Kendo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough it is believed that p53 suppressor gene mutations, compared with mutations in the K‐ras oncogene, occur at a later stage of colorectal tumorigenesis, the distribution of these genetic alterations at an early stage remains poorly characterized.METHODSThe authors analyzed the immunoreactivity for p53 protein (p53 protein expression), which reflects the functionally altered p53 gene, and K‐ras mutations at codons 12 in 68 colorectal adenomas with both low‐grade and high‐grade dysplasia obtained from 62 patients.RESULTSThe prevalence of p53 positive immunostaining was significantly greater compared with the prevalence of K‐ras mutations both in low‐grade dysplasia and in high‐grade dysplasia. Twenty‐two adenomas (32.3%) showed positive immunostaining for p53 protein in high‐grade dysplasia and also were positive for p53 in surrounding low‐grade dysplastic tissues; 20 adenomas (29.4%) showed positive immunostaining for p53 protein in high‐grade dysplasia and were negative for p53 in surrounding low‐grade dysplastic tissues; 8 adenomas (11.7%) showed negative immunostaining for p53 protein in high‐grade dysplasia and were positive for p53 in surrounding low‐grade dysplastic tissues; and 18 adenomas (26.4%) showed negative immunostaining for p53 protein in both high‐grade dysplasia and in surrounding low‐grade dysplastic tissues. On the whole, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was seen in the frequency of p53 positive immunostaining between low‐grade dysplasia and high‐grade dysplasia (44.1% and 61.8%, respectively) but not in that of K‐ras mutations (20.3% and 23.4%, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that mutation of the p53 suppressor gene occurs earlier in the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence than K‐ras mutation, providing a clue for further understanding of the role of the p53 gene in the early stage of colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer 2002;94:219–27. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Functional imaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis by 111In‐DTPA‐D‐Phe1‐octreotide scintigraphy
Authors: Lastoria Secondo , Montella Liliana , Catalano Lucio , Rotoli Bruno , Muto Pietro , Palmieri Giovannella 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDLangerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare group of diseases of unknown pathogenesis, variable clinical presentation, and behavior. It encompasses highly aggressive, often fatal, and indolent diseases, with a variety of intermediate forms between the two extremes. Localization and monitoring of Langerhans cell histiocytosis deposits are based on the combined use of different imaging modalities, which include magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and nuclear medicine procedures. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy recently has been used to image immune‐mediated diseases with excellent results.METHODSIn this study, the authors have evaluated the potential role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy by using 111In‐DTPA‐D‐Phe1‐octreotide in a series of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Eight consecutive patients (2 males, 6 females; mean age, 43 years; age range, 29–60 years) with histologically proven Langerhans cell histiocytosis, in various phases of their disease, were imaged 24 hours after intravenous injection of 111–222 MBq of 111In‐DTPA‐D‐Phe1‐octreotide, by using total body and spot view images. The objective of the study was to preliminarly evaluate this technique in the evaluation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.RESULTSMost Langerhans cell histiocytosis deposits were clearly documented by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, independently from the anatomic location (i.e., skeleton, mucosae, soft tissue, etc.). The correlation between conventional imaging modalities and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy results was fairly good, though this was not considered a primary objective of the study.CONCLUSIONSAmong the various imaging modalities for Langerhans cell histiocytosis, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is unique, becuase it accurately depicts the active sites of disease and thus can help in monitoring the response to treatment, together with conventional imaging modalities. Further studies are necessary to confirm the diagnostic value of this technique and clarify the biologic significance of the expression of somatostatin receptors in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cancer 2002;94:633–40. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10276