bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation instability in a microresonator with graphene saturable absorber, frequency selective feedback and external potential
Authors: Saini Anjali , Jana Soumendu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modulation Instability is studied in the presence of an external periodic potential in microresonator comprising of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser with saturable absorber and frequency selective feedback. The role of intensity of input field, pump parameter, diffraction coefficient and saturable absorption on the modulation instability has been investigated. Thus, Modulation instability can be tuned by varying the system parameters. This aspect would be beneficial for the purpose of encryption. It is also observed that modulation instability is not explicitly dependent on externally applied potential whereas the effect of potential is shown implicitly by using numerical analysis. The presence of an external potential give the operating range of resonance frequency of the optical cavity instead of one value at the same system parameters. This operating range of resonance frequency is spatially dependent and varies with the system parameters.
Simulational and theoretical study of electron scattering cross section by Chlormethine-DNA complex
Authors: Ashouri Marjan , Hajivaliei Mahdi , Gholami Nasim , Ebadi Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studying phenomena happening in therapies to conquer cancer has been the aim of extensive research projects in recent years. One of the most practical treatments is utilizing electrons as interacting particles in body tissues. So, studying electron interactions with biological molecules is highly important. Chlormethine as an alkylating agent has always been used since the initial era of cancer chemotherapy. The drug makes interstrand and intrastrand covalent cross-links between two constituents in DNA. In this paper the physical interaction of electrons with Chlormethine drug was reported for the first time. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and free energy calculations were carried out to investigate near approach binding of the drug with DNA. Electron scattering cross sections on the system of DNA bases along with Chlormethine as an anticancer drug taken from MD simulations are studied in this paper. Calculations include relativistic Dirac partial-wave which is combined with a local interaction potential. Electron scattering is modelled by the independent atom model (IAM) considering a screening corrected coefficient over an energy range.
A trivalent ferrite ferrofluid compound’s rheological response to angular frequency, magnetic induction and shear induction of chain clusters
Authors: Abideen A Ibiyemi , Pant R P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At low and high temperatures in the presence and absence of magnetic fields, the effects of shear rate, angular frequency, and shear strain on the rheological characteristics of zinc ferrite ferrofluid is investigated. Chemical co-precipitation was used to create a zinc ferrite ferrofluid that was then coated with oleic acid to improve the stability of the fluid’s particles and avoid particle agglomeration. We looked at the rheological characteristics caused by the induced magnetic field, such as the shear stress, complex viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, relaxation modulus, viscous torque, damping factor, and figure of merit. From the analysis of time dependent relaxation modulus, a steady-state rheological system is formed at time interval beyond 50 s. As the shear and complex viscosities increase with an increase in magnetic field and a decrease in temperature, obstruction to fluid flow is produced. When a rheological system operates at low angular frequency and high shear rate, high shear stress is loaded; when it operates at high angular frequency and low shear rate, low shear stress is loaded. In the absence of magnetic field, a low viscosity 0.425 Pa.s and shear force 46 Pa were formed, while high viscosity 8.140 Pas and shear stress 168 Pa were formed when magnetic field 1.000 Tesla was applied. The oscillatory mode test demonstrates a change in structure from solid to liquid due to the establishment of a crossover point between shear strain 55 and 64%, supporting the solid–liquid phase transition behavior. The damping analysis demonstrates that the system is in fact excessively dampened, and it may now be utilized to reduce vibrations in a system. The system is really overdamped showing a maximum damping factor 2.08, according to the damping study, and can therefore be used to reduce vibrations in other systems. The fluid exhibits non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior as shear rates increase. A high viscous torque is created at low shear strain and high angular frequency, which leads to the creation of a strong rotating magnetic field.
Active Disturbance Rejection-based Double-loop Control Design for Large Antenna's Servo System
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Na , Liu Zhiyong , Yang Lei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Radio astronomical observations put stringent requirements on the tracking and pointing accuracy of radio telescope antennas. High inertia, low stiffness, underdamped, and multi-resonant frequencies of a large aperture radio telescope’s antenna make the high-accuracy control difficult. It is not easy to satisfy control performance using only conventional PID controllers. A low-order Active Disturbance Rejection-based double-loop controller for large antenna is designed in this paper and tested on the Green Bank Telescope model. First, the first-order Linear Active Disturbance Rejecting Controller (LADRC) cascading a first-order low-pass filter and a notch filter is designed for the antenna’s velocity loop to achieve the dual-objective optimal velocity tracking. Second, the position loop controller is designed to realize the antenna’s position-tracking control by combining the PD controller and a low-pass filter. Further optimization of the position-loop controller helps improve the dynamic performance of the system. The simulation results indicate that the response curves of the proposed PD-LADRC control are smother than those of the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) based controller; the settling time of the PD-LADRC system is 10.1 s and reduces by about 8.2 s than that of the QFT. While using a better position controller reduces settling time to 5 s. The PD-LADRC system also has better wind-disturbance rejection; the worst disturbance response reduces at the gearbox by 68.3% and 60% at the dish, and the recovery time reduces by more than 15 s than the QFT-based controller. In addition, besides easier parameter tuning, the proposed PD-LADRC has better robustness to systematic parameter perturbations and minor tracking error rms in position tracking.
A Cross-matching Service for Data Center of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory
Authors: Zhang Hai-Long , Wang Jie , Ye Xin-Chen , Wang Wan-Qiong , Li Jia , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Du Xu , Wu Han , Zhang Ting 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cross-matching is a key technique to achieve fusion of multi-band astronomical catalogs. Due to different equipment such as various astronomical telescopes, the existence of measurement errors, and proper motions of the celestial bodies, the same celestial object will have different positions in different catalogs, making it difficult to integrate multi-band or full-band astronomical data. In this study, we propose an online cross-matching method based on pseudo-spherical indexing techniques and develop a service combining with high performance computing system (Taurus) to improve cross-matching efficiency, which is designed for the Data Center of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. Specifically, we use Quad Tree Cube to divide the spherical blocks of the celestial object and map the 2D space composed of R.A. and decl. to 1D space and achieve correspondence between real celestial objects and spherical patches. Finally, we verify the performance of the service using Gaia 3 and PPMXL catalogs. Meanwhile, we send the matching results to VO tools-Topcat and Aladin respectively to get visual results. The experimental results show that the service effectively solves the speed bottleneck problem of cross-matching caused by frequent I/O, and significantly improves the retrieval and matching speed of massive astronomical data.
Formation of hot spots at end-on pre-compressed isochoric fuels for fast ignition
Authors: Xu Zekun , Wu Fuyuan , Jiang Bofang , Kawata Shigeo , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is crucial to form a hot spot that can drive a self-heating nuclear burn propagation into the surrounding cold fuel in ignition process of laser fusion. In this paper, we discuss the formation of a hemispherical hot spot located at the edge of an end-on precompressed isochoric fuel instead of a central spherical hot spot surrounded by cold fuel in a corona plasma shell. This configuration leads to a new energy loss mechanism named hot spot collapse, which originates from mass loss of the hot spot through the interface with the vacuum. A semi-analytical model is proposed including

α

particle induced burning, hot spot collapse and other energy loss processes. Then a modified ignition criterion is derived. The results show that the competition between the hot spot collapse and the burn propagation is crucial in the formation of the hot spot. The formation of such a hot spot at end-on precompressed isochoric fuels would require a somewhat higher initial temperature of

T
h

=
9

keV

for a hot spot with an initial areal density

ρ
d
=
0.6

g

c

m

−
2

. Simulations are performed with a 3D hybrid particle-in-cell/fluid code for the heating process by fast electrons and a 3D radiation hydrodynamics code for the burning process. Simulation results agree with the model. Our optimized result shows a 10 ps heating laser pulse with an energy as low as 39 kJ can lead to a fast ignition in the ideal case. This study provides an effective reference for design and evaluation of experiments planned for fast ignition schemes.
RGDK-lipopeptide for targeting genetic vaccines to antigen presenting cells
Authors: Rahaman Wahida , Chaudhuri Arabinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transfection into antigen presenting cells (APCs) is a challenging task in DNA/m-RNA vaccination. Mannose receptor (overexpressed in DCs) selective liposomes containing shikimoyl and quionoic head groups were reported earlier for delivering antigen-encoded plasmid DNA to DCs in vivo. Although APCs also have integrin receptors but there is not much report. Herein, we report the integrin receptor selective liposomes of RGDK-lipopeptide I can deliver pCMV-GFP in RAW 264.7 cells (mouse macrophages cells). We also notice more that presence of endosome disrupting histidinylated lipid II increases the transfection efficiency of the liposomes of RGDK-lipopeptide I in RAW 264.7 cells. Future applications of this liposomal DNA vaccine carrier is expected in the development of efficient vaccinations against a variety of infectious illnesses and malignancies.
Crosslinked modified decellularized rabbit conjunctival stroma for reconstruction of tissue-engineered conjunctiva in vitro
Authors: Chen Fangyuan , Li Chaoqun , Liu Jingwen , Dong Yuying , Chen Jian , Zhou Qing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Conjunctival reconstruction is an essential part of ocular surface restoration, especially in severe conjunctival disorders. Decellularized conjunctival tissues have been used in tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of constructing tissue-engineered conjunctiva using stem cell (human amniotic epithelial cells, hAECs), and cross-linked modified decellularized rabbit conjunctival stroma (DRCS-Asp-hEGF), and decellularized rabbit conjunctiva stroma (DRCS). With phospholipase A2 and sodium dodecyl, DRCS were nearly DNA-free, structurally intact and showed no cytotoxic effects in vitro, as confirmed by DNA quantification, histology, and immunofluorescence. The results of Fourier transform infrared, Alcian blue staining and human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) release assays showed that DRCS-Asp-hEGF was successfully prepared via crosslinking with aspartic acid (Asp) and modified by hEGF at pH 7.7. The hAECs were positive for octamer-binding transcription factor-4 and ABCG2 cell markers. The hAECs were directly placed on the DRCS and DRCS-Asp-hEGF for five days respectively. Tissue-engineered conjunctiva was constructed in vitro for five days, and the fluorescence staining results showed that hAECs grew in monolayers on DRCS-Asp-hEGF and DRCS. Flow cytometry results showed that compared with DRCS, the number of apoptotic cells stained in DRCS-Asp-hEGF was small, 86.70 ± 0.79% of the cells survived, and 87.59 ± 1.43% of the cells were in the G1 phase of DNA synthesis. Electron microscopy results showed that desmosome junction structures, which were similar to the native conjunctival tissue, were formed between cells and the matrix in the DRCS-Asp-hEGF.
Advances of liquid metal hydrogel composites in biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Junbo , Yan Xiao , Zhang Tianzhen , Yuan Xiao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Liquid metals (LMs) and hydrogels each represent advanced frontiers in emerging biomaterials and biomedicine. Hydrogels as a class of three-dimensional polymer networks formed by hydrophilic materials have broadly tunable physicochemical properties and high similarity with biological tissues. LMs, which possess liquid and metallic properties at normal temperature and pressure, are a new type of conductive material that has gained increasing attention. When integrated into hydrogel polymers, LMs act exceptionally as an ‘active’ filler and/or responsive element. The presence of LMs in these composites endows the LM hydrogel composites (LMHGs) with intriguing properties such as self-healing, flexibility, responsiveness, and thermal and electrical conductivity, achieving enhanced and even multifunctional synergistic effects. These properties significantly broaden their applications in various fields (figure 1). This review introduces the categories and featured properties of LMs, including biocompatibility, synthesis methods, surface modifications, response behaviors, and reversible deformation. Advanced biomedical applications of LMHGs involving medical electronics, biomedical engineering (BME), and soft electronics actuators are emphatically summarized. According to the integration mode of LMs and hydrogels, the biomedical soft electronics devices based on microfluidic technology and surface patterning technology as well as their properties are introduced in detail, respectively. The applications of LMHGs in BME mainly include tumor embolotherapy, contrast agent, single-cell amber, wound healing, and drug delivery system. Additionally, although in their infancy stage, the excellent performances of LMHGs described in this review contribute to the development of soft actuators and robots in the future. Finally, the present opportunities and challenges associated with the biological applications of LMHGs are also discussed. And, future development directions are proposed.
Evaluating equity and justice in low-carbon energy transitions
Authors: Kime Sage , Jacome Veronica , Pellow David , Deshmukh Ranjit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A low-carbon energy transition is essential for mitigating climate change, but can also cause energy justice and equity impacts on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), low-income, and other frontline communities. Examples include exacerbating energy burden, inaccessibility and unaffordability of low-carbon energy and electric end-use technologies, property value loss and displacement from renewable energy siting, and unequal health benefits and employment losses from fossil fuel retirement. To avoid perpetuating historical and creating new injustices, an equitable and just energy transition will require careful planning and execution. To this end, measuring and evaluating the effects of existing and proposed programs and policies aimed at decarbonizing energy systems is critical. However, methods and metrics for evaluating equity effects vary across disciplines and transitions, making it challenging to identify effective evaluation strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the equity implications of low-carbon energy transitions and identifies key metrics that have been used across disciplines to quantify energy injustices and equity impacts. We focus on four key low-carbon energy transitions: (1) renewable energy deployment; (2) fossil fuel infrastructure retirement; (3) transportation electrification; and (4) residential building decarbonization. We classify energy justice and equity metrics into the dimensions of health, access, and livelihood, and construct an analytical framework that supports policymakers, planners and other stakeholders in identifying important equity considerations and quantitatively evaluating the effects of decarbonization initiatives. While our framework can serve as a starting point for evaluating justice and equity impacts of energy transitions, further work is needed to address the limitations of existing metrics and additional evaluation methods will be critical to effect energy transitions that are truly equitable.
Contrasting carbon dioxide removal potential and nutrient feedbacks of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement and macroalgae afforestation
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lester , Berger Manon , Bopp Laurent , Doléac Stéphane , Ho David T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alongside cuts to emissions, hundreds of gigatons of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) are likely to be required to limit global warming to below 1.5 °C or 2 °C this century. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) and macroalgae afforestation have received considerable attention within the portfolio of potential CDR options, but their efficacy and constraints remain uncertain. Here we compare the CDR potential and biogeochemical impacts of OAE and macroalgae afforestation in exclusive economic zones (EEZs) using a global high-resolution ocean biogeochemical model. Globally, our simulations indicate the CDR potential of OAE is more than seven times that of macroalgae afforestation for an equivalent mass of either dissolved olivine or harvested wet macroalgae biomass. This difference is predominately attributable to the respective alkalinity content of olivine and carbon content of wet macroalgae biomass. Accounting for potential nutrient impacts on phytoplankton production increases this disparity between the CDR efficiency of OAE and afforestation, and in both cases can result in regions of negative CDR. EEZs with higher CDR in response to OAE consistently exhibit higher CDR in response to macroalgae afforestation. However, nutrient feedbacks are shown to have different EEZ-specific impacts on phytoplankton net primary production. Our simulations indicate that ∼62% of the CDR flux associated with OAE occurs in the EEZ application regions, decreasing to ∼54% if olivine contains iron and silicate and ∼45% for macroalgae afforestation. This suggests that monitoring, reporting, and verification may be problematic for both techniques, as might the allocation of credits toward nationally determined contributions.
Exploring income and racial inequality in preparedness for Hurricane Ida (2021): insights from digital footprint data
Authors: Li Qingchun , Ramaswami Anu , Lin Ning 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Preparedness for adverse events is critical to building urban resilience to climate-related risks. While most extant studies investigate preparedness patterns based on survey data, this study explores the potential of big digital footprint data (i.e. population visits to points of interest (POI)) to investigate preparedness patterns in the real case of Hurricane Ida (2021). We further investigate income and racial inequality in preparedness by combining the digital footprint data with demographic and socioeconomic data. A clear pattern of preparedness was seen in Louisiana with aggregated visits to grocery stores, gasoline stations, and construction supply dealers increasing by nearly 9%, 12%, and 10% respectively, representing three types of preparedness: survival, mobility planning, and hazard mitigation. Preparedness for Hurricane Ida was not seen in New York and New Jersey states. Inequality analyses for Louisiana across census block groups (CBGs) demonstrate that CBGs with higher income have more (nearly 8% greater) preparedness in visiting gasoline stations, while CBGs with a larger percentage of the white population have more preparedness in visiting grocery stores (nearly 12% more) in the lowest income groups. The results indicate that income and racial inequality differ across different preparedness in terms of visiting different POIs.
Assessing the methane mitigation potential of innovative management in US rice production
Authors: Reavis Colby W , Reba Michele L , Shults Daniel D , Runkle Benjamin R K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rice is an important global crop while also contributing significant anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions. To support the future of rice production, more information is needed on the impacts of sustainability-driven management used to grow rice with lower associated methane emissions. Recent support for the impacts of different growing practices in the US has prompted the application of a regional methodology (Tier 2) to estimate methane emissions in different rice growing regions. The methodology estimates rice methane emissions from the US Mid-South (MdS) and California (Cal) using region-specific scaling factors applied to a region-specific baseline flux. In our study, we leverage land cover data and soil clay content to estimate methane emissions using this approach, while also examining how changes in common production practices can affect overall emissions in the US. Our results indicated US rice cultivation produced between 0.32 and 0.45 Tg CH4 annually, which were approximately 7% and 42% lower on average compared to Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inventories, respectively. Our estimates were 63% greater on average compared to similar methods that lack regional context. Introducing aeration events into irrigation resulted in the greatest methane reductions across both regions. When accounting for differences between baseline and reduction scenarios, the US MdS typically had higher mitigation potential compared to Cal. The differences in cumulative mitigation potential across the 2008–2020 period were likely driven by lower production area clay content for the US MdS compared to Cal. The added spatial representation in the Tier 2 approach is useful in surveying how impactful methane-reducing practices might be within and across regions.
Deposition of diamond films by microwave plasma CVD on 4H-SiC substrates
Authors: Wei Shasha , Xie Renqi , Li Yuanyou , Meng Jiahao , Lin Rongchuan , Weng Jianchun , Li Bo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Diamond films were deposited on 4H-SiC substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The substrate pretreatment method of electrostatic adsorption of seed crystals by nanodiamond suspensions was used, and the nucleation density of diamond on the substrate surface reached 1010/cm2 compared with ultrasonic seed crystals of diamond micro-powder suspensions, and continuous dense diamond films were formed in a shorter growth time. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the changes of diamond grain morphology and quality with methane concentration, deposition time and substrate temperature during the growth process. The experimental results show that the methane concentration, deposition time and substrate temperature are the key factors affecting the grain shape and quality of diamond. And the best quality of diamond film is obtained at 850 °C substrate temperature.