bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Diagnostic Expectations into the New Keynesian Framework
Authors: L’Huillier Jean-Paul , Singh Sanjay R , Yoo Donghoon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Diagnostic expectations constitute a realistic behavioural model of inference. This paper shows that this approach to expectation formation can be productively integrated into the New Keynesian framework. Diagnostic expectations generate endogenous extrapolation in general equilibrium. We show that diagnostic expectations generate extra amplification in the presence of nominal frictions; a fall in aggregate supply generates a Keynesian recession; fiscal policy is more effective at stimulating the economy. We perform Bayesian estimation of a rich medium-scale model that incorporates consensus forecast data. Our estimate of the diagnosticity parameter is in line with previous studies. Moreover, we find empirical evidence in favour of the diagnostic model. Diagnostic expectations offer new propagation mechanisms to explain fluctuations.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy exerts anti‐osteoporotic effects in obese and lean D‐galactose‐induced aged rats
Authors: Imerb Napatsorn , Thonusin Chanisa , Pratchayasakul Wasana , Chanpaisaeng Krittikan , Aeimlapa Ratchaneevan , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObesity accelerates the aging processes, resulting in an aggravation of aging‐induced osteoporosis. We investigated the anti‐osteoporotic effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in obese‐ and lean‐aged rats through measurement of cellular senescence, hypoxia, inflammation, antioxidants, and bone microarchitecture. Obese and lean male Wistar rats were injected with 150 mg/kg/day of D‐galactose for 8 weeks to induce aging. Then, all rats were randomly given either sham or HBOT for 14 days. Metabolic parameters were determined. Expression by bone mRNA for cellular senescence, hypoxia, inflammation, antioxidative capacity, and bone remodeling were examined. Micro‐computed tomography and atomic absorption spectroscopy were performed to evaluate bone microarchitecture and bone mineral profiles, respectively. We found that HBOT restored the alterations in the mRNA expression level of p16, p21, HIF‐1α, TNF‐α, IL‐6, RANKL, RANK, NFATc1, DC–STAMP, Osx, ALP, and Col1a1 in the bone in obese‐and lean‐ aging rats. In obese‐aging rats, HBOT increased the level of expression of Sirt1 and CuZnSOD mRNA and diminished the expression level of HIF‐2α and ctsk mRNA to the same levels as the control group. However, HBOT failed to alter catalase and OCN mRNA expression in obese‐aged rats. HBOT partially improved the bone microarchitecture in obese‐aged rats, but completely restored it in lean‐aged rats. Interestingly, HBOT protected against obesity‐induced demineralization in obese‐aged rats. In summary, HBOT exerts an anti‐osteoporotic effect in lean‐aged rats and prevents some, but not all the negative effects of obese‐aged conditions on bone health. Therefore, HBOT is considered as a potential therapy for aging‐induced osteoporosis, regardless of obese status.
Basics of the 12-lead ECG
Authors: Bruce Kellie , Moore Amy Karen , Mello Inola , Hilliard Tara , Day Mercedes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
A 12-lead ECG is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that detects and records cardiac electrical activity and can identify cardiac pathology. This article discusses the electrical conduction system of the heart, the anatomy of an ECG complex, ECG lead views, and an overview of a systematic method of ECG interpretation.
Impact of nursing interventions on discharge disposition in patients with postoperative delirium
Authors: Zhao Yunchuan , Quon Anna , Luke Kayla , Tivis Laura J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To identify patient characteristics and perioperative factors associated with non-home patient discharges and the impact of current delirium nursing interventions on discharge disposition, especially non-home dispositions.

Methods:
A retrospective pilot chart review was conducted using electronic health records from five networked hospitals in the Mountain West region of the US. The sample comprised 75 randomly selected patients aged 65 or older who screened positive for delirium during hospitalization. Relationships between patient characteristics, nursing interventions, and discharge dispositions were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression.

Results:
Most participants (69.3%) were discharged to non-home facilities. Delayed urinary catheter removal was a significant nursing intervention factor. Patients with delayed urinary catheter removal were at increased risk of being discharged to a non-home setting compared with those with early urinary catheter removal (aOR: 14.11, P = .010). Preoperative hypoalbuminemia and surgery durations exceeding 60 minutes were associated with non-home dispositions.

Conclusion:
Delayed urinary catheter removal, surgery duration greater than 1 hour, and preoperative hypoalbuminemia increased the likelihood of non-home discharge placement for older adults who experience postoperative delirium.
Application of Dexmedetomidine in Epidural Labor Analgesia
Authors: Zhang Di , Sun Yanxia , Li Junfeng 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
To summarize and appraise the use of dexmedetomidine in epidural labor analgesia, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
We conducted the literature search about the RCTs of epidural labor analgesia with or without dexmedetomidine from inception until Nov 1,2022 in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase. The primary outcome was visual analogue scale(VAS) within 2h after epidural intubation. The secondary outcomes included the duration of the first and second labor stage, Apgar score, umbilical blood pH, dosage of analgesics, and side effects.

Results:
8 RCTs including 846 parturients were included. The VAS score of dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the time of 15min(MD -1.41,95%CI -2.23,-0.59)、30min(MD -1.02,95%CI -1.70,-0.33)、60min(MD -0.90,95%CI -1.36,-0.44)、90min(MD -0.70,95%CI -1.16,-0.23). The incidence of pruritus in dexmedetomidine group was lower than that of control group（MD 0.28,95%CI 0.11,0.74）but the incidence of maternal bradycardia was higher (MD 6.41,95%CI 1.64,25.04). There were no significant difference in other outcomes.

Discussion:
Dexmedetomidine combined with local anesthetic for epidural labor analgesia can improve the VAS score of parturients. Except for the increased incidence of maternal bradycardia, it seems to be safe for the parturients and fetuses.
Biomechanical evaluation of variable angle locking systems. A micro-CT analysis.
Authors: Glowacki Jakub , Bartkowiak Tomasz , Gapinski Bartosz , Paczos Piotr , Mietlinski Patryk , Zawadzki Pawel , Lapaj Lukasz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Formerly poor bone stock and periprosthetic fractures used to jeopardize monaxial constructs. Polyaxial locking screws have substantially supported those particular fixation constructs. However, those systems rely on complex alignment between the screw head and the plate hole. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of several polyaxial systems and to correlate these parameters with the screw head and the plate hole engagement.

Methods
Polyaxial locking systems were tested with screws inserted into the corresponding plates at various angles (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°). A micro-CT scan of the plate-hole and screw-head interface with the quantification of average thread engagement was performed before destructive tests. The screw-plate interface of each system was tested in a cantilever bending setup. Representative screws and plates were also examined by SEM.

Results
The standard insertion at 0° sustained the greatest maximum bending strength in all analyzed systems. Point-loading thread-in and cut-in screws inserted off-axis showed a significant reduction in bending strength (p<0.001) (p=0.041) (p<0.001). In contrast, locking cap screws maintained similar bending strength with disregard to the angle of insertion (p<0.4849). A micro-CT analysis confirmed that the average thread engagement of point-loading thread-in, cut-in and locking-cap screws was significantly reduced when placed off-axis (p=0.005) (p<0.001) (p=0.002) (p<0.001). The locking-cap mechanisms maintained the highest average thread engagement among all analyzed systems.

Conclusions
The mechanical performance of polyaxial locking plates usually comes at the price of reduced bending strength. Surgeons should limit polyaxial insertions depending on the particular system's characteristics.
Machine learning-based identification of determinants for rehabilitation success and future healthcare use prevention in patients with high-grade, chronic, nonspecific low back pain: an individual data 7-year follow-up analysis on 154,167 individuals
Authors: Niederer Daniel , Schiller Joerg , Groneberg David A. , Behringer Michael , Wolfarth Bernd , Gabrys Lars 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To individually prescribe rehabilitation contents, it is of importance to know and quantify factors for rehabilitation success and the risk for a future healthcare use. The objective of our multivariable prediction model was to determine factors of rehabilitation success and the risk for a future healthcare use in patients with high-grade, chronic low back pain. We included members of the German pension fund who participated from 2012 to 2019 in multimodal medical rehabilitation with physical and psychological treatment strategies because of low back pain (ICD10:M54.5). Candidate prognostic factors for rehabilitation success and for a future healthcare use were identified using Gradient Boosting Machines and Random Forest algorithms in the R-package caret on a 70% training and a 30% test set. We analysed data from 154,167 patients; 8015 with a second medical rehabilitation measure and 5161 who retired because of low back pain within the study period. The root-mean-square errors ranged between 494 (recurrent rehabilitation) and 523 (retirement) days (R
2 = 0.183-0.229), whereas the prediction accuracy ranged between 81.9% for the prediction of the rehabilitation outcome, and 94.8% for the future healthcare use prediction model. Many modifiable prognostic factors (such as duration of the rehabilitation [inverted u-shaped], type of the rehabilitation, and aftercare measure), nonmodifiable prognostic factors (such as sex and age), and disease-specific factors (such as sick leave days before the rehabilitation [linear positive] together with the pain grades) for rehabilitation success were identified. Inpatient medical rehabilitation programmes (3 weeks) may be more effective in preventing a second rehabilitation measure and/or early retirement because of low back pain compared with outpatient rehabilitation programs. Subsequent implementation of additional exercise programmes, cognitive behavioural aftercare treatment, and following scheduled aftercare are likely to be beneficial.
Barriers and Facilitators to Participation and Key Components of Sleep Health Programs
Authors: Pienaar Paula R. , Bosma Astrid R. , Rae Dale E. , Roden Laura C. , van Mechelen Willem , Lambert Estelle V. , Boot Cécile R.L. 
Published: October 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to explore the barriers and facilitators of participation and key components for sleep health programs designed for corporate work environments.

Methods
Semistructured interviews with corporate executives and occupational medicine specialists in the decision making and management of workplace health promotion programs (WHPP) within their companies were held before and during COVID-19. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify themes.

Results
Barrier and facilitator themes emerging from the data include sleep health awareness, work culture, work-family balance, and confidentiality. Key components for sleep health programs included the following: identifying the need for a program, incorporating sleep health risk screening to WHPP, and promoting sleep health by raising awareness thereof.

Conclusions
The identified barriers and facilitators to employee participation and key components of an ideal sleep health program provide guidance for further WHPP.
Increase in Trauma Leading to Psychological Injury Among Canadian Homelessness Services Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schiff Jeannette Waegemakers , Weissman Eric , Schiff Rebecca , Liu Jacky , Pitoulis Terry , Jones Alana 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThis study examined the traumatic psychological impact of the pandemic on frontline workers in homelessness services.MethodsStaff from homelessness serving organizations completed pre- and mid-COVID pandemic surveys measuring traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), burnout, and job-related traumatic experiences. The mid-pandemic survey was expanded to seven Canadian cities to determine prevalence of workplace PTSS nationally.ResultsIn the comparison group, baseline rates of PTSS (41%) rose to 47.3% (n= 164), while 75% reported low-moderate levels of burnout both times. Nationwide, PYSS was 51% (n= 574). Case managers working at remotely had greater levels of PTSS.ConclusionsCOVID-19 exacerbated risk of psychological workplace injury from traumatic stress; however, burnout did not increase significantly, indicating the primary dynamic as anxiety and emotional exhaustion associated with ubiquitous trauma induced by COVID-19. Working remotely increased the hazards of psychological workplace injury.
The Mediating Role of Fear of COVID-19 in the Association between COVID-19–Related Work Stressors and Subjective Well-being
Authors: Gritzka Susan , Angerer Peter , Diebig Mathias 
Published: October 2023

Objective
COVID-19 has changed work conditions and instilled fear. However, research overlooked the contributing factors to fear of COVID-19 and its impact on well-being. We addressed this research gap and focused on the essential workforce of child care.

Methods
Three samples of early childhood professionals (ECPs) (N
T1 = 423, N
T2 = 142, N
T3 = 584) were gathered in Germany between June 2020 and May 2021. We tested via path analysis whether (1) fear of COVID-19 relates to well-being, (2) COVID-19–related work stressors relate to fear of COVID-19, and (3) fear of COVID-19 mediates the relationship of work stressors and well-being.

Results
Findings of NT1 and NT3 lent support, while results of NT2 differed.

Conclusions
This study underlines the importance of adapting the work conditions during pandemics to reduce the fear of infection and thus preserve ECPs’ well-being.
Post Cochlear Implantation Vertigo: Ictal Nystagmus and Audiovestibular Test Characteristics
Authors: Kwok Belinda Y. C. , Young Allison S. , Kong Jonathan H. K. , Birman Catherine S. , Flanagan Sean , Greenberg Simon L. , Gibson William P. , Argaet Emma C. , Fratturo Luke , Pogson Jacob M. , Taylor Rachael L. , Rosengren Sally M. , Halmagyi G. Michael , Welgampola Miriam S. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate ictal nystagmus and audiovestibular characteristics in episodic spontaneous vertigo after cochlear implantation (CI).Study DesignRetrospective and prospective case series.PatientsTwenty-one CI patients with episodic spontaneous vertigo after implantation were recruited.InterventionsPatient-initiated home video-oculography recordings were performed during one or more attacks of vertigo, using miniature portable home video-glasses. To assess canal and otolith function, video head-impulse tests (vHITs) and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential tests were conducted.Main Outcome MeasuresNystagmus slow-phase velocities (SPVs), the presence of horizontal direction-changing nystagmus, and post-CI audiovestibular tests.ResultsMain final diagnoses were post-CI secondary endolymphatic hydrops (48%) and exacerbation of existing Ménière's disease (29%). Symptomatic patients demonstrated high-velocity horizontal ictal-nystagmus (SPV, 44.2°/s and 68.2°/s in post-CI secondary endolymphatic hydrop and Ménière's disease). Direction-changing nystagmus was observed in 80 and 75%. Two were diagnosed with presumed autoimmune inner ear disease (SPV, 6.6°/s and 172.9°/s). One patient was diagnosed with probable vestibular migraine (15.1°/s).VHIT gains were 0.80 ± 0.20 (lateral), 0.70 ± 0.17 (anterior), and 0.62 ± 0.27 (posterior) in the implanted ear, with abnormal values in 33, 35, and 35% of each canal. Bone-conducted cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were asymmetric in 52 and 29% of patients (all lateralized to the implanted ear) with mean asymmetry ratios of 51.2 and 35.7%. Reversible reduction in vHIT gain was recorded in three acutely symptomatic patients.ConclusionHigh-velocity, direction-changing nystagmus time-locked with vertigo attacks may be observed in post-CI implant vertigo and may indicate endolymphatic hydrops. Fluctuating vHIT gain may be an additional marker of a recurrent peripheral vestibulopathy.
Surgery or Not? A Systematic Review of Facial Congenital Melanocytic Nevi Treatment Patterns and Outcomes
Authors: Ibelli Taylor J. , Bauer Bruce , Kleinman Elana P. , Kuruvilla Annet , Mendiratta Dhruv , Scope Alon , Seyidova Nargiz , Taub Peter J. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Treatment management for congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) on the face (FCMN) is highly variable and requires a thorough assessment of multiple factors. To date, a systematic review of FCMN treatment is lacking. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the frequency, variety, and outcomes of treatment modalities for FCMN with different levels of complexity.

Methods
A comprehensive review of Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from 1950 to 2022 was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles reporting on FCMN treatment approaches, outcomes, and associated complications were screened and data were extracted according to inclusion criteria. Data were tabulated for thematic analysis of FCMN treatment types, anatomic locations, outcomes, and complications.

Results
Of the 561 studies retrieved, 34 met inclusion criteria including 19 surgical treatments, 14 nonsurgical treatments, and one combined surgical and nonsurgical treatment study, totaling 356 patients. The majority of treated FCMN were small-to-medium-sized (56%). Facial CMN treated conservatively were mostly located on the cheek (27%) and/or perinasal region (21%), whereas FCMN treated with surgery were primarily located in the periorbital region (44%) and/or the cheek (17%). Across all treatment cohorts, 22% of patients experienced at least one complication, with 12% of complications experienced by patients treated by surgery.

Conclusions
There is a greater need for standardized FCMN nomenclature that encompasses nevi pattern, dimensions, anatomical coverage, and quantitative measurements of treatment outcome. Future studies should focus on identifying anatomic locations of FCMN that are more prone to complications and determine which treatment approach optimizes outcomes.
Treatment of Hypertrophic Burn Scars With Laser Therapy
Authors: Won Paul , Cooper Michael , Gillenwater T. Justin , Yenikomshian Haig A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring, characterized by excessive scar tissue formation, is a debilitating outcome that significantly impairs physical and psychosocial recovery after burn injury. Hypertrophic scarring affects a substantial proportion of burn survivors, with reported prevalence as high as 70%. Fractional CO2 laser (FCL) therapy, a therapy commonly used in acne scar treatment or skin rejuvenation, has become popular in treating hypertrophic scars. Little is known regarding FCL's adverse events for burn scar treatment. We hypothesize that FCL is a safe treatment modality with minimal adverse events in the management of hypertrophic burn scars. This is a retrospective chart review of adverse events after FCL at 2 centers within a single institution. Burn patients undergoing FCL between May 1, 2019, and June 1, 2021 were included. Demographics, injury etiology, laser treatment details, and adverse events were collected. A total of 170 patients, 77 (45.3%) males and 93 (54.7%) females, underwent 544 FCL therapies for burn scars. The average number of treatments per patient was 3 ± 2.23, with a range of 1 to 17 sessions. From the total 544 laser therapy sessions, 13 adverse events (2.4%) were reported. There were 5 reports (0.9%) of increased postprocedural pain and 1 report (0.2%) of increased paresthesia/numbness to laser site. Three instances (0.6%) of increased erythema and 4 reports (0.7%) of epidermal sloughing or blistering were reported. All but 5 patients (2.9%) reported improvements to scar symptoms. This study demonstrates minimal adverse events associated with FCL for hypertrophic burn scar treatment.
Reduced Access to Acute Hand Care and Potential Role of Telemedicine in Tennessee During the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Hung Ya-Ching , Evans Adam G. , Ruiz Darren P. , Lee Mykia S. , Jackson Kianna R. , Thayer Wesley P. , Hill J. Bradford 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Previous studies have identified that there is limited, although expanding, access to acute hand care in Tennessee. Because of the rapid changes that occurred in health delivery and access during the coronavirus disease pandemic, we reassessed access to acute hand care, with particular interest in the utilization of telemedicine to assess if this increased access.

Method
We surveyed Tennessee hospitals listed by the Tennessee Hospital Association on their management of hand trauma and availability of telemedicine programs. Census data including population demographics such as race, age, income, and county size were merged with the survey data. Descriptive analysis was performed comparing the 2021 cohort with the historic 2018 cohort and between counties that had hand care versus counties that had no hand care.

Result
Survey response rate was 71.4% (n = 80 of 112). Telemedicine was used in 80% of the hospitals for other specialties but was not used for hand care. Overall, counties that offered hand trauma care reduced from 60% to 26% from 2018 to 2021 (P < 0.001). This change was associated with a significant reduction of acute hand care among counties that were classified micropolitan (from 56.3% to 6.7%, P < 0.01). Percentage of hand specialists on staff and 24/7 specialists availability remained low and were similar to the availability in 2018.

Conclusions
There was a decrease of acute hand care access in Tennessee during the coronavirus disease pandemic despite widespread utilization of telemedicine for other specialty consults. Expansion of telemedicine in acute hand care, targeted to micropolitan areas, may help to reduce variability in access to care.