bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroskopische Arthrolyse
Authors: Quiroz Del Bianco Alexandre , Hirschmann Michael T. , Mengis Natalie , Toth Laszlo , Koch Matthias , Ammann Elias 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Arthrofibrose des Knies tritt vorwiegend postoperativ oder nach Knieverletzungen auf und führt zu erheblichen Einschränkungen der Beweglichkeit sowie zu Schmerzen, was die Lebensqualität und Funktion der Patienten stark beeinträchtigt. Die Erkrankung ist durch eine ungewöhnliche Vermehrung der periartikulären extrazellulären Matrix infolge einer entzündlichen Fehlregulation gekennzeichnet. Man unterscheidet zwischen der sekundären Form, die nach chirurgischen Eingriffen oder Traumata entsteht, und der seltenen primären Arthrofibrose ohne erkennbare Ursache. Die arthroskopische Arthrolyse stellt eine minimal-invasive und risikoarme Behandlung dieser Erkrankung dar. Die präoperative Diagnostik und Ursachenabklärung ist Voraussetzung für die optimale Operationsplanung und erfolgreiche Ergebnisse. Eine systematische Herangehensweise für Portalwahl und Sequenz der Arthrolyse kann helfen, auch bei ausgeprägter Arthrofibrose auf arthroskopischem Weg eine Verbesserung der Beweglichkeit und im Idealfall eine Wiederherstellung der Gelenkfunktion zu gewährleisten. Dieser Artikel gibt Einblick in die präoperative Diagnostik, Indikationsstellung, technische Aspekte und Ergebnisse der arthroskopischen Arthrolyse.
Sexual orientation stereotypes and job candidate screening: why gay is (mostly) OK
Authors: Sterkens Philippe , Dalle Axana , Wuyts Joey , Pauwels Ines , Durinck Hellen , Baert Stijn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To explain the conflicting findings on hiring discrimination against applicants in a same-sex marriage, we explore the perceptual drivers behind employers’ evaluations. Therefore, we conduct a vignette experiment among recruiters, for which we test systematically selected stereotypes from earlier studies. We find causal evidence for distinct effects of same-sex marriage on candidate perceptions and interview probabilities. In particular, interview probabilities are positively (negatively) associated with the stereotype of women (men) married to a same-sex partner as being more (less) pleasant to work with compared to candidates in a different-sex marriage. In addition, interview chances are negatively associated with the stereotype of candidates in a same-sex marriage as being more outspoken. Furthermore, our data align well with the idea of a concentrated discrimination account, whereby a minority of employers who hold negative attitudes towards individuals in same-sex marriages are responsible for most instances of hiring discrimination.
Management Strategies for Truncus Arteriosus: A Comparative Analysis of Staged vs. Primary Repair
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Sano Shunji , Narumiya Yuto , Kimura Ayari , Suzuki Etsuji , Kasahara Shingo , Kotani Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We reviewed the outcomes of truncus arteriosus repair (primary vs. staged repair incorporating bilateral pulmonary artery banding), focusing on survival, reintervention, and functional data. We analyzed 39 patients who underwent a first intervention for truncus arteriosus (staged, n = 19; primary, n = 20) between 1992 and 2022. The median follow-up period was 8.0 (2.2–13.2) years. Survival, freedom from reoperation, and freedom from catheter intervention were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. High-risk patients were defined as those with a weight ≤ 2.5 kg, ≥ moderate truncal valve regurgitation, interrupted aortic arch, or preoperative shock. In the staged group, patients with a median weight of 2.6 kg had a median intensive care unit stay of 5 days and no hospital mortality after bilateral pulmonary artery banding. At repair, the staged group had a larger conduit for the right ventricular outflow tract (14 vs. 12 mm; P = .008). Catheter intervention on the branch pulmonary artery was required in 67% of patients in the staged group, but right ventricular end-diastolic pressure at follow-up was comparable between the groups (P = .541). Survival rates were higher among high-risk patients in the staged group (87.5% vs. 21.4% at 15 years; P = .004) but were comparable between groups for standard-risk patients (P = 1.000). Bilateral pulmonary artery banding was a safe, effective procedure. Reintervention for branch pulmonary artery was common but did not affect functional outcomes. Staged repair may play a pivotal role regarding survival in high-risk patients, and risk stratification is vital.
Radiotherapy improves stress urinary incontinence but impairs pelvic floor function in endometrial cancer patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Erkılınç Selçuk , Çakır Ilker , Karataşlı Volkan , Can Behzat , Ata Can , Avşar Aytuğ , Solmaz Ulaş , Sancı Muzaffer , Bildacı Tevfik Berk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Investigating the impact of radiotherapy on urinary incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction in endometrial cancer patients.

Method
A comparative study was conducted between endometrial cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy and those who did not receive adjuvant therapy. Patients were assessed during their first follow-up visit at third month post-radiotherapy or post-surgery. Demographic data and physical examinations were conducted, along with the administration of validated questionnaires. Turkish validated Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), Incontinence Impact Questionairre-7 (IIQ-7) and 20 ıtem Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Index (PFDI-20) were applied to the all patients.

Results
The study comprised 37 patients in the non-radiotherapy group and 41 patients in the radiotherapy group. Comparable demographics were observed between the two groups. Vaginal length was notably longer in the non-radiotherapy group, and the Q-tip test angle was significantly greater in this group. A higher incidence of stress urinary incontinence and higher scores on the Incontinence Severity Index were noted in the non-radiotherapy group. Conversely, the radiotherapy group exhibited significantly higher scores on the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Index components and total score. Urogenital Distress Inventory scores were similar between the groups.

Conclusion
Radiotherapy showed mixed effects on pelvic floor function in endometrial cancer patients. While it potentially improved stress urinary incontinence, it was associated with unfavorable outcomes in overall pelvic floor dysfunction.
Learning in public goods games: the effects of uncertainty and communication on cooperation
Authors: Orzan Nicole , Acar Erman , Grossi Davide , Rădulescu Roxana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Communication is a widely used mechanism to promote cooperation in multi-agent systems. In the field of emergent communication, agents are typically trained in specific environments: cooperative, competitive or mixed-motive. Motivated by the idea that real-world settings are characterized by incomplete information and that humans face daily interactions under a wide spectrum of incentives, we aim to explore the role of emergent communication when simultaneously exploited across all these contexts. In this work, we pursue this line of research by focusing on social dilemmas. To do this, we developed an extended version of the Public Goods Game, which allows us to train independent reinforcement learning agents simultaneously in different scenarios where incentives are (mis)aligned to various extents. Additionally, agents experience uncertainty in terms of the alignment of their incentives with those of others. We equip agents with the ability to learn a communication policy and study the impact of emergent communication in the face of uncertainty among agents. Our findings show that in settings where all agents have the same level of uncertainty, communication can enhance the cooperation of the whole group. However, in cases of asymmetric uncertainty, the agents that do not face uncertainty learn to use communication to deceive and exploit their uncertain peers.
Enhanced model for abstractive Arabic text summarization using natural language generation and named entity recognition
Authors: Essa Nada , El-Gayar M. M. , El-Daydamony Eman M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the rise of Arabic digital content, effective summarization methods are essential. Current Arabic text summarization systems face challenges such as language complexity and vocabulary limitations. We introduce an innovative framework using Arabic Named Entity Recognition to enhance abstractive summarization, crucial for NLP applications like question answering and knowledge graph construction. Our model, based on natural language generation techniques, adapts to diverse datasets. It identifies key information, synthesizes it into coherent summaries, and ensures grammatical accuracy through deep learning. Evaluated on the EASC dataset, our model achieved a 74% ROUGE1 score and a 97.6% accuracy in semantic coherence, with high readability and relevance scores. This sets a new standard for Arabic text summarization, greatly improving NLP information processing.
Artificial intelligence for segmentation and classification in lumbar spinal stenosis: an overview of current methods
Authors: Verheijen E. J. A. , Kapogiannis T. , Munteh D. , Chabros J. , Staring M. , Smith T. R. , Vleggeert-Lankamp C. L. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a frequently occurring condition defined by narrowing of the spinal or nerve root canal due to degenerative changes. Physicians use MRI scans to determine the severity of stenosis, occasionally complementing it with X-ray or CT scans during the diagnostic work-up. However, manual grading of stenosis is time-consuming and induces inter-reader variability as a standardized grading system is lacking. Machine Learning (ML) has the potential to aid physicians in this process by automating segmentation and classification of LSS. However, it is unclear what models currently exist to perform these tasks.

Methods
A systematic review of literature was performed by searching the Cochrane Library, Embase, Emcare, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for studies describing an ML-based algorithm to perform segmentation or classification of the lumbar spine for LSS. Risk of bias was assessed through an adjusted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale that was more applicable to ML studies. Qualitative analyses were performed based on type of algorithm (conventional ML or Deep Learning (DL)) and task (segmentation or classification).

Results
A total of 27 articles were included of which nine on segmentation, 16 on classification and 2 on both tasks. The majority of studies focused on algorithms for MRI analysis. There was wide variety among the outcome measures used to express model performance. Overall, ML algorithms are able to perform segmentation and classification tasks excellently. DL methods tend to demonstrate better performance than conventional ML models. For segmentation the best performing DL models were U-Net based. For classification U-Net and unspecified CNNs powered the models that performed the best for the majority of outcome metrics. The number of models with external validation was limited.

Conclusion
DL models achieve excellent performance for segmentation and classification tasks for LSS, outperforming conventional ML algorithms. However, comparisons between studies are challenging due to the variety in outcome measures and test datasets. Future studies should focus on the segmentation task using DL models and utilize a standardized set of outcome measures and publicly available test dataset to express model performance. In addition, these models need to be externally validated to assess generalizability.
Outcome of conservative treatments in patients with TMJ retrodiscal layer rupture or disc perforation
Authors: Kong Mi-Sun , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Kho Hong-Seop 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of comprehensive conservative treatments in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) retrodiscal layer rupture and/or disc perforation.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective study of thirty-one consecutive patients with findings of TMJ retrodiscal layer rupture and/or disc perforation using magnetic resonance imaging. Comprehensive stomatognathic system assessments were performed. Comprehensive treatment modalities were applied to each patient and treatment outcomes were analyzed. The changes in patient-reported symptoms and comfortable mouth opening (CMO) and maximum mouth opening (MMO) distances were analyzed between the baseline and after treatment.

Results
Twenty-eight females and three males were included in this study. Four patients (12.9%) reported a history of facial injury and another four (12.9%) reported having rheumatoid arthritis. Unilateral chewing was the most frequently reported parafunctional habit, followed by clenching. The mean treatment duration was 24.3 ± 11.1 months. Most of the patients received more than one type of treatment. Both CMO and MMO distances increased significantly (P < 0.001) after treatment. Approximately three-quarters of patients reported partial improvement in symptoms, and one-fourth reported complete improvement.

Conclusions
Comprehensive conservative treatments were effective and should be applied first in patients with TMJ retrodiscal layer rupture and/or disc perforation.

Clinical relevance
Conservative treatments are recommended for patients with severe damage to the TMJ structures, such as retrodiscal layer rupture and/or disc perforation, before applying surgical approach.
Gonadal miRNomes and transcriptomes in infected fish reveal sexually dimorphic patterns of the immune response
Authors: van Gelderen Tosca A. , Debnath Pinky , Joly Silvia , Bertomeu Edgar , Duncan Neil , Furones Dolors , Ribas Laia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fish disease outbreaks caused by bacterial burdens are responsible for decreasing productivity in aquaculture. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms activated in the gonads after infections is pivotal for enhancing husbandry techniques in fish farms, ensuring disease management, and selecting the most resilience phenotype. The present study, with an important commercial species the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), an important commercial species in Europe, examined changes in the miRNome and transcriptome 48 h after an intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio anguillarum. The findings indicate that following infection, testes exhibited more pronounced alterations in both the miRNome and transcriptome. Specifically, males showed approximately 26% more differentially expressed genes in testicular genes compared to females (2,624 vs. 101 DEGs). Additionally, four miRNAs (miR-183-5p, miR-191-3p, miR-451-5p, and miR-724-5p) were significantly expressed post-infection in males, while none were identified in females. Interestingly, upon deep analysis of sexual dimorphic gene modules, a larger number of miRNAs were identified in infected females targeting genes related to the immune system compared to infected males. These results suggest that fish ovaries demonstrate greater resilience in response to infections by suppressing genes related to the immune system through a post-transcriptional mechanism performed by miRNAs. In contrast, testes activate genes related to the immune system and repress genes related to cellular processes to cope with the infection. In particular, the crosstalk between the miRNome and transcriptome in infected males revealed a pivotal gene, namely, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (igfbp), acting as a gene network hub in which miR-192-3p was connected. The current study elucidated the need to comprehend the basic immune regulatory responses associated with miRNAs and gene regulation networks that depend on fish sex. The data reveal the importance of considering sex as a factor in interpreting the immune system in fish to generate efficient protocols to prevent outbreaks in fish farms.
An Intensified Cereal Push-Pull System Reduces Pest Infestation and Confers Yield Advantages in High-Value Vegetables
Authors: Chidawanyika Frank , Omuse Evanson R. , Agutu Lavender O. , Pittchar Jimmy O. , Nyagol Dickens , Khan Zeyaur R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Crop diversification is associated with ecosystem services that can improve yield. We integrated tomatoes and kales within the cereal push-pull technology (PPT), to form the vegetable integrated push-pull (VIPP), and explored the influence of these cropping systems on pest and disease management, and subsequent yield of the vegetables. Aphids and diamondback moths (DBM), the major pests in kale production, together with grasshoppers were consistently lower in the VIPP plots. Low incidences and damage by leafminers, whiteflies and fruitflies on tomatoes were observed in VIPP plots compared to plots of tomato intercropped with maize (control). The severity of black rot and leaf curl on kales and leaf spots on tomatoes were less in VIPP compared to control. We recorded good quality and high yield of tomato and kale grown in VIPP plots rather than control plots. We demonstrate that spatial crop diversification such as integrating vegetables such as kale and tomato in a push-pull system can boost yield and maintain crop integrity.
Integration of Engineering Practices into Primary Science Classrooms
Authors: García-Carmona Antonio , Muñoz-Franco Granada , Cruz-Guzmán Marta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The integration of engineering practices into science education began to be explicitly promoted in the early twenty-first century and has since spread to many countries through recent curricular reforms. Despite this is fostered from the initial levels of education, there remains limited information on how to conduct it effectively in the classroom. To address this gap, a systematic review of studies published during the period 2001–2021 was conducted, focusing on the integration of engineering practices into primary education (6–12 years) science classes. A total of 24 studies were selected and analyzed to respond to how engineering practices are integrated into science classes, which engineering practices and science content are chosen, what challenges students are often faced with, and what evidence supports this curricular integration. The findings reveal that the predominant integration model is one that subordinates science to engineering learning using the project-based or design-based learning approach and teamwork. The most recurrent combination of engineering practices in the same learning situation is the one that includes “design solutions” and “obtaining, evaluating and/or communicating information,” while the use of computational thinking was not addressed in the studies analyzed. Regarding science content, studies suggest that virtually any topic can be useful to integrate engineering practices, normally aimed at designing or constructing artifacts. However, the evidence found on the educational benefits and feasibility of integrating engineering practices into primary science education shows a still inconclusive scenario. The study concludes with a discussion of its limitations and implications for future research and practice.
An mTOR inhibitor discovery system using drug-sensitized yeast
Authors: Breen Anna K. , Thomas Sarah , Beckett David , Agsalud Matthew , Gingras Graham , Williams Judd , Wasko Brian M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inhibition of the target of rapamycin (TOR/mTOR) protein kinase by the drug rapamycin extends lifespan and health span across diverse species. However, rapamycin has potential off-target and side effects that warrant the discovery of additional TOR inhibitors. TOR was initially discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) which contains two TOR paralogs, TOR1 and TOR2. Yeast lacking functional Tor1 are viable but are hypersensitive to growth inhibition by TORC1 inhibitors, which is a property of yeast that can be exploited to identify TOR inhibitors. Additionally, yeast lacking FK506-sensitive proline rotamase (FPR1) or containing a tor1-1 allele (a mutation in the Fpr1-rapamycin binding domain of Tor1) are robustly and selectively resistant to rapamycin and analogs that allosterically inhibit TOR activity via an FPR1-dependent mechanism. To facilitate the identification of TOR inhibitors, we generated a panel of yeast strains with mutations in TOR pathway genes combined with the removal of 12 additional genes involved in drug efflux. This creates a drug-sensitive strain background that can sensitively and effectively identify TOR inhibitors. In a wild-type yeast strain background, 25 µM of Torin1 and 100 µM of GSK2126458 (omipalisib) are necessary to observe TOR1-dependent growth inhibition by these known TOR inhibitors. In contrast, 100 nM Torin1 and 500 nM GSK2126458 (omipalisib) are sufficient to identify TOR1-dependent growth inhibition in the drug-sensitized background. This represents a 200-fold and 250-fold increase in detection sensitivity for Torin1 and GSK2126458, respectively. Additionally, for the TOR inhibitor AZD8055, the drug-sensitive system resolves that the compound results in TOR1-dependent growth sensitivity at 100 µM, whereas no growth inhibition is observed in a wild-type yeast strain background. Our platform also identifies the caffeine analog aminophylline as a TOR1-dependent growth inhibitor via selective tor1 growth sensitivity. We also tested nebivolol, isoliquiritigenin, canagliflozin, withaferin A, ganoderic acid A, and taurine and found no evidence for TOR inhibition using our yeast growth-based model. Our results demonstrate that this system is highly effective at identifying compounds that inhibit the TOR pathway. It offers a rapid, cost-efficient, and sensitive tool for drug discovery, with the potential to expedite the identification of new TOR inhibitors that could serve as geroprotective and/or anti-cancer agents.
Role for neurological and immunological resilience in the pathway of the aging muscle powerpenia: InCHIANTI study longitudinal results
Authors: Pellegrino Raffaello , Paganelli Roberto , Di Iorio Angelo , Candeloro Matteo , Volpato Stefano , Bandinelli Stefania , Moretti Antimo , Iolascon Giovanni , Tanaka Toshiko , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The neuromuscular junction shows several degenerative changes with aging, resulting in a reduction of transmission efficacy. These changes, paired with low-grade chronic inflammation, were considered triggers of the aging muscle processes. The main objective of this study is to assess the role of leukocyte count–derived ratios, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in determining time-dependent reduction in lower limb muscle explosive strength, a condition that has been defined as powerpenia. The InCHIANTI study enrolled a representative sample from the registry lists of two towns in Tuscany, Italy. Baseline data were collected in 1998, with follow-up visits every 3 years. For the purpose of this analysis, we used 1229 subjects and 3814 follow-up assessments. Subjects with lower values of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (ML-ratio) had higher nerve conduction velocity and higher proximal and distal action potential values; moreover, considering the interaction between age for ML-ratio effect, a statistically significant direct association is found with all the electromyography-parameters. Lower limb muscle power shows a gender dimorphism, male subjects having higher values at baseline, but experiencing steeper decline rate during the follow-up, compared to females. Muscle power was inversely associated with ML-ratio, proximal CMAP, distal CMAP, and NCV. Moreover, we found a direct and statistically significant second-order interaction (age for ML-ratio), meaning that at the same age, increasing ML-ratio increases lower limb muscle power. Lastly, also body composition variation across aging is directly associated with lower limb muscle power. Reduced immunological and neurological homeostasis affects the powerpenia phenotype in a large representative sample of Italian men and women.