bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debating national identity in postcolonial cities: A comparison of civic education textbooks in Hong Kong and Macau
Authors: Qian Licheng , Ieong Meng U. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCivic education has long been viewed as a political tool to construct identity in nation‐states. This view, however, is complicated by the cases of Hong Kong and Macau. As former colonies and current autonomous regions of China, the two cities went through decolonisation without becoming nation‐states. Does this status affect Hong Kong's and Macau's identity discourses? Are civic textbooks tools to construct or deconstruct a Chinese/national identity? What explains the two cities' different identity discourses? Going beyond the civic–ethnic binary, this article argues that identities in ‘postcolonial territorial autonomies’, such as Hong Kong and Macau, should be analysed through a multilevel framework of identity/state–society interactions, reflecting the local, national and global forces at play. The interactions of these forces shape Hong Kong's layered identity, Macau's ambiguous identity and the two cities' contradictory attitudes towards colonial legacies. This study contributes to a relational and interactional rethinking of national identity and decolonisation.
Changes in loneliness and coping strategies during COVID‐19
Authors: van Scheppingen Manon A. , Reitz Anne K. , De Caluwé Elien , Lodder Gerine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe social distancing measures implemented to slow the spread of COVID‐19 impacted many aspects of people's lives. Previous research has reported negative consequences of these measures for people's psychological well‐being, and that people differed in the impact on their psychological well‐being. The present study aimed to describe the different coping strategies Dutch people used to deal with these measures and to link these strategies to loneliness. In addition, the study aimed to examine mean‐level changes in loneliness and to explore individual differences in loneliness change. We used data from 2009 participants of a panel study of representative Dutch households. We assessed coping strategies used during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in May 2020 and examined changes in loneliness between October 2019 (before COVID‐19) and May 2020 (during the first wave of COVID‐19). First, results showed that most people employed specific coping strategies. The most frequently used social strategies were chatting and (video)calling; the most frequently used non‐social strategies were going outside, doing chores, watching TV, reading and self‐care. Second, people who used more coping strategies reported lower levels of loneliness. Third, analyses revealed an average increase in loneliness between October 2019 and May 2020. Fourth, we observed two significant interaction effects, showing a stronger positive link between the number of social coping strategies and initial loneliness levels among those with a partner or living with others than for those who were single or lived alone. Yet, no moderating effects on changes in loneliness were found: people using more coping strategies did not differ in loneliness changes from people using fewer coping strategies. Together, findings suggest that loneliness increased in the Netherlands during the first phase of COVID‐19 and that, while people's coping strategies were related to loneliness levels, they did not buffer against loneliness increases.
Current state of technical transfusion medicine practice for out‐of‐hospital blood transfusion in Canada
Authors: Blais‐Normandin Isabelle , Rymer Tihiro , Feenstra Shelley , Burry Anne , Colavecchia Connie , Duncan Jennifer , Farrell Michael , Greene Adam , Gupta Akash , Huynh Queenie , Lawrence Robin , Lehto Paula , Lett Ryan , Lin Yulia , Lyon Bruce , McCarthy Joanna , Nahirniak Susan , Nolan Brodie , Peddle Michael , Prokopchuk‐Gauk Oksana , Sham Lawrence , Trojanowski Jan , Shih Andrew W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCanadian out‐of‐hospital blood transfusion programmes (OHBTPs) are emerging, to improve outcomes of trauma patients by providing pre‐hospital transfusion from the scene of injury, given prolonged transport times. Literature is lacking to guide its implementation. Thus, we sought to gather technical transfusion medicine (TM)‐specific practices across Canadian OHBTPs.Materials and MethodsA survey was sent to TM representatives of Canadian OHBTPs from November 2021 to March 2022. Data regarding transport, packaging, blood components and inventory management were included and reported descriptively. Only practices involving Blood on Board programme components for emergency use were included.ResultsOHBTPs focus on helicopter emergency medical service programmes, with some supplying fixed‐wing aircraft and ground ambulances. All provide 1–3 coolers with 2 units of O RhD/Kell‐negative red blood cells (RBCs) per cooler, with British Columbia trialling coolers with 2 units of pre‐thawed group A plasma. Inventory exchanges are scheduled and blood components are returned to TM inventory using visual inspection and internal temperature data logger readings. Coolers are validated to storage durations ranging from 72 to 124 h. All programmes audit to manage wastage, though there is no consensus on appropriate benchmarks. All programmes have a process for documenting units issued, reconciliation after transfusion and for transfusion reaction reporting; however, training programmes vary. Common considerations included storage during extreme temperature environments, O‐negative RBC stewardship, recipient notification, traceability, clinical practice guidelines co‐reviewed by TM and a common audit framework.ConclusionOHBTPs have many similarities throughout Canada, where harmonization may assist in further developing standards, leveraging best practice and national coordination.
Risk Approach Based on the FRAM Model for Vessel Traffic Management
Authors: Viran Adem , Mentes Ayhan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes the risks in ship traffic services management using the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM), a novel approach that focuses on identifying interactions leading to performance variability rather than errors. The research area is the Turkish Straits vessel traffic service management (VTSM) region, known for frequent risky ship passages. The goal is to ensure safe VTSM, minimize the negative impacts on people, goods, and the environment. The daily routine functions of the VTSM, determined through consultations with vessel traffic operators (VTOs), are explained by following FRAM analysis principles. Qualitative methods, aligned with expert opinions, are used to examine potential performance variabilities and hazard factors. The resulting risk situation for each function is categorized by criticality on a color-coded scale. Solution proposals are provided to manage critical function variability, enhancing the VTSM system's responsiveness and adaptability.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Evaluation of Turbine Blade Leading-Edge Swirl and Jet Impingement Cooling With Particulate Deposition
Authors: Yang Xing , Hao Zihan , Feng Zhenping , Ligrani Phillip , Weigand Bernhard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Internal cooling structures for gas turbine engines are becoming more complicated to push the hot gas temperature as high as possible, which, however, allows particulates drawn into the coolant air to be more readily to deposit within these passages and thus greatly affect their flow loss and thermal performance. In this study, internal swirl cooling and jet impingement cooling subjected to particulate deposition were evaluated and compared using a conjugate heat transfer method, with an emphasis on the thermal effects of the insulative deposits. To accomplish the goal, an unsteady conjugate mesh morphing simulation framework was developed and validated, which involved particle tracking in an unsteady fluid flow, particle–wall interaction modeling, conjugate mesh morphing of both fluid and solid domains, and a deposit identification method. The swirl and the jet impingement cooling configurations modeled the internal cooling passage for the leading-edge region of a turbine blade and were investigated in a dust-laden coolant environment at real engine conditions. Coupling effects between the dynamic deposition process and the unsteady flow inside the two cooling channels were examined and the insulative effects of the deposits were quantified by comparing the temperatures on the external and internal surfaces of the metal channel walls, as well as on the deposit layers. Results demonstrated the ability of the newly developed, unsteady conjugate simulation framework to identify the deposits from the original bare wall surface and to predict the insulation effects of the deposits in the dynamic deposition process. The dust almost covered the entire impingement channel, while deposits were only seen in the vicinity of the jets in the swirl channel. Despite this, a dramatical decrease of convection heat transfer was found in the swirl channel because the swirling flow was sensitive to the interruption of the deposits. In contrast, the deposits improved the heat transfer rate in the impingement channel. When the thermal effects of the deposit layer were taken into account, the wall temperatures of both two cooling geometries were substantially elevated, exceeding the allowable temperature of the metal material. Due to the denser deposit coverage, the impingement channel wall had a greater temperature increase than the swirl channel. In terms of flow loss, the presence of the deposits inhibited the swirl intensity by interrupting the swirling flow and thus reduced the friction loss, whereas the pressure loss was improved by the deposits in the impingement cooling.
The
Shigella flexneri
virulence factor apyrase is released inside eukaryotic cells to hijack host cell fate
Authors: Perruzza Lisa , Zagaglia Carlo , Vitiello Laura , Sarshar Meysam , Strati Francesco , Pasqua Martina , Grassi Fabio , Nicoletti Mauro , Palamara Anna Teresa , Ambrosi Cecilia , Scribano Daniela 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Intestinal epithelial cells represent the first line of defense from invading enteric pathogens. During the course of infection, pro-inflammatory programmed cell death is an effective way to eliminate invading microbes and to create a localized inflammatory environment. On the other hand, pathogens evolved countless strategies to overcome cell death and to keep the host alive ensuring their spread. It was previously shown that
Shigella flexneri
apyrase interacts with OmpA to contribute to a proper polar exposition of IcsA, which mediates actin-based motility. However, apyrase is also an ATP-diphosphohydrolase whose catalytic activity function has not been elucidated yet. Herein, we demonstrated that apyrase contributes to the manipulation of host cell fate by
S. flexneri
since it is released within the host cell cytoplasm during infection to degrade intracellular ATP. Thus, apyrase contributes to prevent caspase-1 activation, thereby downregulating the activation of pyroptosis in infected cells. Overall, apyrase is involved in the modulation of host cell survival and dampens the inflammatory response.

IMPORTANCE

In this paper, we demonstrated that apyrase is released within the host cell cytoplasm during infection to target the intracellular ATP pool. By degrading intracellular ATP, apyrase contributes to prevent caspases activation, thereby inhibiting the activation of pyroptosis in infected cells. Our results show, for the first time, that apyrase is involved in the modulation of host cell survival, thereby aiding this pathogen to dampen the inflammatory response. This work adds a further piece to the puzzle of
Shigella
pathogenesis. Due to its increased spread worldwide, prevention and controlling strategies are urgently needed. Overall, this study highlighted apyrase as a suitable target for an anti-virulence therapy to tackle this pathogen.
Risk prediction model of self-reported hypertension for telemedicine based on the sociodemographic, occupational and health-related characteristics of seafarers: a cross-sectional epidemiological study
Authors: Sagaro Getu Gamo , Angeloni Ulrico , Battineni Gopi , Chintalapudi Nalini , Dicanio Marzio , Kebede Mihiretu M , Marotta Claudia , Rezza Giovanni , Silenzi Andrea , Amenta Francesco 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesHigh blood pressure is a common health concern among seafarers. However, due to the remote nature of their work, it can be difficult for them to access regular monitoring of their blood pressure. Therefore, the development of a risk prediction model for hypertension in seafarers is important for early detection and prevention. This study developed a risk prediction model of self-reported hypertension for telemedicine.DesignA cross-sectional epidemiological study was employed.SettingThis study was conducted among seafarers aboard ships. Data on sociodemographic, occupational and health-related characteristics were collected using anonymous, standardised questionnaires.ParticipantsThis study involved 8125 seafarers aged 18–70 aboard 400 vessels between November 2020 and December 2020. 4318 study subjects were included in the analysis. Seafarers over 18 years of age, active (on duty) during the study and willing to give informed consent were the inclusion criteria.Outcome measuresWe calculated the adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CIs using multiple logistic regression models to estimate the associations between sociodemographic, occupational and health-related characteristics and self-reported hypertension. We also developed a risk prediction model for self-reported hypertension for telemedicine based on seafarers’ characteristics.ResultsAmong the 4318 participants, 55.3% and 44.7% were non-officers and officers, respectively. 20.8% (900) of the participants reported having hypertension. Multivariable analysis showed that age (AOR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.10), working long hours per week (AOR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), work experience at sea (10+ years) (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.42), being a non-officer (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.13), snoring (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI 2.96 to 4.34) and other health-related variables were independent predictors of self-reported hypertension, which were included in the final risk prediction model. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the predictive model were 56.4%, 94.4% and 86.5%, respectively.ConclusionA risk prediction model developed in the present study is accurate in predicting self-reported hypertension in seafarers’ onboard ships.
Prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among industrial workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hailu Tesfaye Amensisa , Masresha Addisu Genene , Tadesse Tirhas , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Desye Belay , Abere Giziew 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among Bole Lemi Industrial Park workers in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia.DesignAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022. The data were collected using a validated and standardised Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with poor sleep quality. The association was determined using an adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI at a p value of <0.05.SettingThe study was conducted in Bole Lemi Industrial Park in Addis Ababa.ParticipantsA total of 370 workers participated in this study.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the study was the prevalence of poor sleep quality.ResultsThe total response rate was 87.7%. The majority (260, 70.3%) of the participants were female. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 30.5 (±10.6) years. The prevalence of poor sleep quality during the last months was found to be 75.4% (n=279) (95% CI: 70.7% to 79.7%). Undiversified dietary intake (AOR: 1.63; 95% CI (1.09 to 2.78)), caffeine consumption more than 250 mg per day (AOR: 2.57; 95% CI (1.12 to 6.05)) and night shift work (AOR: 2.36; 95% CI (1.27 to 4.41)) were risk factors for poor sleep quality among sampled workers.ConclusionThis study detected that poor sleep quality is highly prevalent among garment and textile industry workers, indicating that it is a significant public health issue that requires immediate attention. Therefore, modifications of the work environment involving night shift work and the improvement of workers’ personal lifestyles involving dietary diversification and caffeine consumption are needed to minimise the burden of poor sleep quality among workers.
Older high-cost patients in Norwegian somatic hospitals: a register-based study of patient characteristics
Authors: Lønhaug-Næss Morten , Jakobsen Monika Dybdahl , Blix Bodil Hansen , Bergmo Trine Strand , Hoben Matthias , Moholt Jill-Marit 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTwo-thirds of the economic resources in Norwegian hospitals are used on 10% of the patients. Most of these high-cost patients are older adults, which experience more unplanned hospital admissions, longer hospital stays and higher readmission rates than other patients. This study aims to examine the individual and clinical characteristics of older patients with unplanned admissions to Norwegian somatic hospitals and how these characteristics differ between high-cost and low-cost older patients.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.SettingNorwegian somatic hospitals.ParticipantsNational registry data of older Norwegian patients (≥65 years) with ≥1 unplanned contact with somatic hospitals in 2019 (n=2 11 738).Primary outcome measureHigh-cost older patients were defined as those within the 10% of the highest diagnosis-related group weights in 2019 (n=21 179). We compared high-cost to low-cost older patients using bivariate analyses and logistic regression analysis.ResultsMen were more likely to be high-cost older patients than women (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.29) and the oldest (90+ years) compared with the youngest older adults (65–69 years) were less likely to cause high costs (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.51). Those with the highest level of education were less likely to cause high costs than those with primary school degrees (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.80). Main diagnosis group (OR=3.50, 95% CI 3.37 to 3.63) and dying (OR=4.13, 95% CI 3.96 to 4.30) were the clinical characteristics most strongly associated with the likelihood of being a high-cost older patient.ConclusionSeveral of the observed patient characteristics in this study may warrant further investigation as they might contribute to high healthcare costs. For example, MDGs, reflecting comprehensive healthcare needs and lower education, which is associated with poorer health status, increase the likelihood of being high-cost older patients. Our results indicate that Norwegian hospitals function according to the intentions of those having the highest needs receiving most services.
Scoping review protocol: exploration of the barriers and facilitators to the uptake of early postnatal contraception
Authors: Cutter Judith , Cooper Michelle , Sanders Julia , Cannings-John Rebecca , Strange Heather 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIt is well documented that many women do not desire a short interpregnancy interval. Medical societies, government agencies and leaders in the field recommend that contraception should be part of maternity care. Short spaced and unplanned pregnancies increase the chances of mortality and morbidity in the mother and child. The WHO recommends a 24-month interpregnancy interval; however, short pregnancy intervals remain common. The goal of this scoping review will be to explore barriers and facilitators to the uptake of early postnatal contraception. A review of globally published literature relating to the implementation of a postnatal contraception service provision globally will be carried out which will highlight evidence gaps, strengths and weaknesses of studies associated with uptake and known barriers and facilitators to the uptake of early postnatal contraception.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The search strategy aims to locate both published and unpublished studies. An initial limited search of PubMed and CINAHL was undertaken to identify articles on the provision of postnatal contraception. The search strategy will be adapted for each included database CINAHL, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, PROSPERO and COCHRANE from 1 January 1993 to 1 January 2023 and reviewed by two reviewers. The data will be analysed and presented in tables, diagrams and text.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. This review is a retrospective review of widely and publicly available evidence. The review findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals, as part of a PhD thesis and conference presentation.Scoping review questionWhat are the barriers and facilitators to early postnatal contraception provision and uptake?
Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taderegew Mitku Mammo , Woldeamanuel Gashaw Garedew , Wondie Alemayehu , Getawey Atsede , Abegaz Abera Nesiru , Adane Fentahun 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe study intended to assess the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).DesignThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were employed to plan and conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct and the Worldwide Science database were searched from their inception to 31 January 2023.MethodsData were extracted using a standardised data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel. The inverse variance (I2) test was used to evaluate the presence of heterogeneity across the included studies. To identify the possible source of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was carried out. Funnel plot symmetry, Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to evaluate the existence of publication bias. In addition, factors associated with VDD among patients with T2DM were examined. All statistical analyses were carried out with STATA V.14 software.ResultsA total of 54 studies with 38 016 study participants were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of VDD among patients with T2DM was found to be 64.2% (95% CI 60.6% to 67.8%) with a substantial level of heterogeneity (I2=98.2%; p<0.001). Results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of VDD among patients with T2DM was highest (70.9%) in African nations and lowest (57.1%) in Middle East countries. Being female (pooled OR (POR) 1.60, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.97), having poor glycaemic control (POR 2.50; 95% CI 1.74 to 3.59), hypertension (POR 1.21; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.36), obesity (body mass index ≥25) (POR 1.68; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.44), dyslipidaemia (POR 2.54, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.73), albuminuria (POR 2.22, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.95), nephropathy (POR 1.58; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.31) and retinopathy (POR 1.48: 95% CI 1.17 to 1.89) were predictors of VDD among patients with T2DM.ConclusionsMore than half of patients with T2DM were suffering from VDD. Being female, having poor glycaemic control, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia, albuminuria, nephropathy and retinopathy were the predictors of VDD among patients with T2DM.