bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Simulation, Structural Optimization, and Winding Sequence Optimization Strategies for the Design and Fabrication of Coreless Filament Wound Composite Lattices
Authors: Mo Yaru , Ye Siwei , Johnson Shane 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Coreless Filament Winding (CFW) is a structural and time-efficient fabrication method for composite lattice structures. Since the fiber is wound around pins whose diameter cannot be infinitesimally small, each structural element may have four possible beam configurations, which depend on the in-plane local coordinates of the start and/or end of the beam. In this case, layer inconsistency, a condition that a structural element with multiple layers has different beam configurations, may inevitably occur in the fabricated structure. It will decrease the second moment of area of the structural element and may lead to reduced flexural stiffness of the structure. However, this effect was not considered in previous research. Therefore, a detailed Finite Element Model (FEM) which characterizes the practical beam configurations was developed to explore the influence of layer inconsistency on the flexural stiffness of the structure. To improve the structural-efficiency and the fabrication speed, a structural optimization was conducted to minimize the fiber-length and provide the feasibility to wind with continuous roving(s). In addition, a winding sequence optimization was then implemented to minimize the stiffness reduction effect due to layer inconsistency. The detailed FEM provides a reliable prediction of the structural stiffness (average error ⩽ 5.4%). Moreover, the developed sequence optimization decreases the stiffness reduction due to layer inconsistency from 51.3% to 13.7%. The proposed strategies of structural and sequence optimization provide instructions for the design and fabrication of CFW structures, which improve the fabrication time-efficiency and the structural-efficiency.
Implementation Risk Indicator and Application of Reliability Management to Ensure the Success of LCM and Risk Management Integration
Authors: Rooscote Didi , Hendragiri Danianto , Suharwanto Agung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In providing services or products for PT PLN as our single buyer, one of the strategies undertaken by PT PLN Indonesia Power is to manage its assets and risks together and deliver customer products beyond demand. Asset life cycle management (LCM)-based risk management is the strategic approach employed, in which the firm controls its assets and risks that may result in actions that may have an impact on the company’s aim before prioritizing investments to extend the life of the assets and reduce the risk associated with those assets. Therefore, the treatment of assets can increase reliability and enhance availability. In order to accomplish that, it developed a boiler tube risk application that can combine the boiler’s root cause with the risk cause and problem solutions with risk reduction. In this application, the primary risk-causing factors are tracked using the risk indicator and its monitoring system.
Boiler tube leaks are a problem that commonly occurs and has a significant impact. This incident resulted in a considerable loss of production. The two existing mitigations that are most usually applied are tube replacement and conventional manual monitoring. Consequently, it makes use of the opportunity for innovation by including digital monitoring and prediction as part of a risk management process. “Digital online tube boiler analysis” is the name of a digital application in dependability management that may offer boiler tube risk information in a step-by-step manner, down to the most specific sub-positions. Additionally, this program can provide data on the erosion rate (mm/yr), the remaining life of each boiler tube component, and the estimation of material requirements based on boiler tube risk. Risk mapping’s findings allow it to concentrate on monitoring the riskiest locations.
Dependency of the Blast Wave Characteristics on the Rupture Mode of a Failed Pneumatic Test of a Pipe Segment
Authors: Botros Kamal K. , Hawryluk Andrew , Clavelle Eric , Martens Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pneumatic test failure results in high-pressure blast waves that propagate outward and impact humans, structures, and objects, potentially causing fatality and damages. To mitigate the risk of such damage, codes recommend safe exclusion distances depending on the stored energy that would release and drive these blast waves. However, there are different opinions about the amount of stored energy and how to quantify it in a more definitive and science-based manner. As such, the approach taken in this work was to study the relevant blast wave characteristics generated from four different modes of pipe failure bracketing two extreme pipe failure modes. One extreme assumes the pipe ruptures in a totally arrested fracture such that the pipe severs, and two-sided full cross-sectional area ejecting high-pressure directional jets drive the external blast waves. The other extreme is a pipe rupture in an un-arrested longitudinal running ductile fracture along the entire length of the pipe so that the contained high-pressure test medium is released to ambient radially in a cylindrical (or semi-cylindrical) fashion. Other intermediate modes of ruptures are also considered between these two extremes, based on a fixed rupture length of 8D according to ASME PCC-2, or an actual ductile fracture arrest length based on fundamental fracture mechanics. Respective correlations are provided to aid in the development of risk assessment programs, and safety management plans prior to commencing a contemplated pneumatic test in a given environment and surrounding infrastructures.
Characterization of the Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Weaver Jonmichael A. , Miller David A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of fiber orientation on the viscoelastic properties of an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite with a polyurethane matrix. Samples were prepared with two fiber orientations: [0/90]2 and [±45]2. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed on the samples from −50 °C to 100 °C at a frequency of 1 Hz with a strain in both samples’ linear region of a tensile stress-strain diagram. The [0/90]2 layup had a storage modulus four times higher than the [±45]2 orientation at −50 °C. The [0/90]2 had a slight increase in storage modulus between 18 °C and 28 °C, but generally decreased with temperature as the polymer chains became more rubbery. The [±45]2 had a consistent decrease in storage modulus over the entire temperature range. The [0/90]2 had the highest loss modulus at temperatures between 35 °C and 100 °C, while the [±45]2 performed best at dissipation of energy around −30 °C. The Tan δ for both fiber orientations increased with temperature, except for the [±45]2, which peaked at 28 °C before decreasing slightly as temperatures increased. At higher frequencies, both the loss and storage modulus increased at a higher percentage for the [±45]2 orientation compared to the [0/90]2.
Opportunities and Recommendations: Integrating Advanced Reactors for Industrial Heat and Electricity Users
Authors: Worsham Elizabeth , Bolisetti Chandrakanth , Mikkelson Daniel , Saeed Rami , Choi Byung-Hee , Toman Jakub , Joseck Frederick , Popli Nipun , Griffith George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nuclear power in the United States has been used traditionally to provide baseload electric power to the grid. Advancements in nuclear power to create smaller and safer reactors have renewed interest in nuclear as a source of both heat and electricity for a variety of applications. There is great interest in coupling nuclear reactors with industrial applications because nuclear power is a low carbon energy source that can be utilized for process heating, hydrogen generation, on-site electricity demand, and more.
Idaho National Laboratory is developing guidelines to identify and assist industrial heat and electricity decarbonization by integrating with nuclear power plants (NPPs) to provide clean, abundant, and dispatchable energy. Considerations include specific industrial hazards which impact NPP siting, heat transport requirements and associated technologies, and implementation feasibility based on site-specific demand profiles. To assess integration feasibility, facility process models are developed based on real data obtained from a survey of baseline requirements and process information from industrial facilities in the United States. An assessment of safety and siting requirements is also performed to determine how nuclear industrial pairings could meet licensing requirements for NPPs. In addition, site characterization of an industrial plant is essential to determining the feasibility and suitable integration methods for each industry. Characterization includes facility distance from the nearest population center, site size, rail or water transport availability, and proximity to undeveloped land. These characteristics are important to determine reactor- or industry-side design requirements for safe, efficient operation.
The siting and technical data assessment will reveal opportunities for single-use nuclear integration and co-location opportunities for industries to share benefits from a single reactor. In addition to existing facilities, this “energy-park” style cooperation could include new construction like data centers which can cost-share energy investments or provide a stable demand-and-revenue stream to the investor. Deliverables will contain a library of documents and models to guide various industries toward understanding nuclear technologies based on their users’ needs. This paper is a summary of the current project status, and provides insights on suitable pairings for specific industries and reactor technologies.
Friction Moments in Single and Double Contact Points in Deep Prerolling: Precision Positioning Under Oscillatory Motion Condition
Authors: Mekid Samir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ultra-precision positioning to better than nanometer in accuracy with low level of vibration is of great interest to various applications such as actuators for precision positioning of mobile stages in CNC machines, robotics in medical applications towards large scale devices like very large telescopes (VLT). The paper reports on recent pre-rolling experimental measurements of moment friction during the phase of pre-rolling i.e., at start and at finish. The development resulted in a single-point contact system set up and double points contact setup in a form of a pendulum generating pure pre-rolling and to study the laws of rolling resistance to contacting bodies at a distance significantly reduced compared to the elastic contact spot size. Phenomenological effects have been observed during both extensive tests. It is noted that the single point pendulum posed several technical challenges to secure perfect balancing and hence allow for pre-rolling to occur and precisely measured characteristics. The surface tension of solids on the contact zone, parameters of the frequency-independent internal friction and the pressure of the adhesion forces are found. The sensitivity of measuring rolling friction moments is of the order of 10-10 Nm, the measurement error does not exceed 10% with for example 120 nm minimum displacement of the ball Peel adhesion density extremely low. The swing of the pendulum with a maximum period has a stable swing plane. In the deep pre-rolling (DPR) zone before full rolling, there is an effect of a sharp decrease in the swing period of the pendulum with a decrease in the swing amplitude. In this case, the rolling friction also decreases and tends to its minimum final value, determined by the work of adhesion forces on separation. In the study of rolling resistance in the DPR zone, it is necessary to measure not only the reliance of the swing amplitude on the time, but also the reliance of the swing period of the pendulum on time. The developed phenomenological theory and measurement procedure allowed us for the first time to build a simple instrument for direct measurements with high sensitivity and accuracy of the surface energy density of the adhesion forces (or surface tension) in the case of a solid body, and the parameters of internal frequency-independent friction and the pressure generated by adhesion forces.
Characterization of Additively Manufactured 18Ni Maraging 300 Steel and the Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property
Authors: Walker Ryan , Eden Chance , Gebre Fisseha L. , Xu Jiajun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is one of the leading-edge additive manufacturing processes used to date, characterized by layer-by-layer deposition of powder metal, which is sintered by laser power. Maraging steel powder is one of the metal powders broadly used in metal AM processes for various applications. It is a strong, tough, low-carbon martensitic steel, and the rare combination of high strength and toughness makes it well-suited and preferable for high-performance components in the aerospace industry. Aerospace products must be produced with high quality and precision. The purpose of this research is to investigate the quality of the output product as it is manufactured, comparing it with different heat treatment methods. This can be addressed by mechanical and microstructure tests. Specimens were manufactured with MS118NI-300 Maraging steel powder using an EOS M280 metal printer. Fourteen compression and tensile test pieces were made and designed to abide by ASTM standards. Two control group pieces were set aside while the other 12 pieces underwent various heat treatment (HT) processes to alter mechanical and microstructure properties. The heat treatment processes considered for this research work are normalizing, annealing, carburizing, age hardening, and cryogenic treatments. All HT’s but carburizing impacted the steel with positive results. It was found that cryogenic treatment slightly increased the toughness, while age hardening significantly increased both toughness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Normalizing and annealing were found to reduce the UTS but increase the ductility with a very small reduction in toughness when compared to the control group.
Part 2: Gyroscopic Control of Robotic Smart Vehicles Using SE(3)
Authors: Rykkje Thorstein , Johnsen Kristian , Skjelvik Hole Petter , Hernar Jacobsen Joakim , Luchtenburg Dirk , Impelluso Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper deploys the Moving Frame Method (MFM) for the analysis of the gyroscopic-induced pitch of a car; and in the context of a senior design project. While there is a research and development component, the primary focus of this and the companion paper (Part 1) is pedagogical reform to ensure student engagement. First, this paper presents the primary goals of the MFM: to bridge the chasm between engineering mathematics and real-world problems. To this end, this paper presents the underlying MFM theory, discussing aspects of Lie Group theory and associated Lie Algebra, distilled to the simplicity of matrix multiplications. In the project, the undergraduate students accounted for the dual mass system of the spinning disks, precessing gimbals and the mass of the car. It modeled the lift of the car, while avoiding its yaw. It presents a modification of the Runge-Kutta numerical integration scheme to conduct the simulation. It shows design trade-offs, and a comparison between MFM model and experimental results. It presents the motivational questions raised, and how this the MFM empowers insight into the modeling process. The paper then segues into a discussion of how the MFM motivated the manufacturing of the components of the car, the coding of the 3D simulations, and the understanding of machine motion, and motivated international student collaboration. Finally, it closes with the assertion that to inspire engineering students, various interventions might not work as well as modernizing the mathematics.
Development of Laser Induced Particle Impact Test (LIPIT) as High-Speed Micro Impact Testing
Authors: Kajihara Miki , Nagaami Kanari , Miyagawa Takeru , Yonezu Akio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since grain refinement such as nano twin and nano crystalline in a metallic material is possible to improve the mechanical property, surface modification to generate the nanostructure is demanded. This study aims to develop ultrahigh velocity impact testing using microparticle projectile, resulting in generation of impact indentation crater. Due to extreme severe plastic deformation with high strain rate, grain refinement is expected. Regarding the impact test, this study developed Laser Induced Particle Impact Test (LIPIT), in which laser ablation induces supersonic ejection of microparticle, resulting in generation of impact crater. We first proposed a measurement method of particle projectile velocity using mechanoluminescence (ML). A particle collision against the ML emits light due to mechanical stimulus. The light is detected to determine the timing of particle arrival, so that the particle projectile velocity is obtained. This measurement method was verified using a high-speed video camera. Next, LIPIT was applied to a pure copper (Cu), and it is found that nano structure including twinning was developed around the impact indentation crater. The developed microstructure was compared with the crater obtained by quasi-static indentation to investigate strain rate effect on the microstructure. This indicated that plastic deformation due to LIPIT improves the mechanical property owing to extreme plastic strain and strain rate. Therefore, our developed LIPIT may realize a new surface modification technique in order to induce severe plastic deformation with ultrahigh strain rates, resulting in grain refinement.
Effect of Roll Rotation on Sway Displacement of Stewart Platform for Flight Simulation
Authors: Miller Spencer , Piovesan Davide , Arzalluz Irati , Ji Xiaoxu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Flight simulation is a growing interest in the military to reduce accidents involving the jets used in the air force. Reducing accidents not only saves the lives of the pilots, but also money as the jets will not be destroyed. A Stewart platform can be used as a moving component to be used in flight simulation to acclimatize the pilots to moving during flight without flying a real jet. In this paper the fidelity of the roll rotational direction and the effect the roll has on the lateral sway movement will be tested. A set path will be created and then followed by the platform with a range of 12 different frequencies. These trials are then plotted against the generated data to display the correlation between them. The fidelity of the gain and phase values are calculated and plotted to show proper fidelity. The results of the study show that the platform is within the fidelity requirements to be considered a flight simulator training device.
Human Factors, Physiological Signals, Emotions, What Else?
Authors: Leão Celina P. , Loureiro Isabel , Silva Vinicius , Costa Susana P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper describes an activity carried out as part of a University’s Summer on Campus program, which aimed to introduce high school students to the field of Human Factors. The program is designed to provide non-formal education activities in various scientific areas, being Human Factors in Engineering a crucial area of study that considers the individual, functionality, expectations, and impact of the end result while studying human emotions involved in cognitive processes like decision-making and perception. As Industry 5.0 emphasizes the importance of human involvement and collaboration with advanced technologies, it is crucial to understand and identify human responses to better understand human behavior. After the introduction to the topic of Human Factors and their importance for sustainability, several participatory and dynamic pedagogical activities were developed, including the collection of physiological data from high school students (n = 12) in a non-invasive way and after obtaining informed consent from their educational guardians, including GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) and ECG (electrocardiogram) signals. The importance of Human Factors in Engineering, the pedagogical approach used, the students’ attitudes and opinions regarding the set of Human Factors activities, and the lessons learned when approaching this topic with high school students are presented. The results indicated that the students were engaged and interested in the activities and showed an improved understanding of Human Factors and their importance in sustainability. Overall, this activity demonstrated the importance of introducing high school students to Human Factors, as it can help them develop a better understanding of human behavior, decision-making, and perception. By providing engaging and participatory activities, it is possible to foster interest and curiosity in this field, leading to future careers and research opportunities in Human Factors and related areas.
Design of an Extendable Robot Arm Based on Origami Foldpatterns
Authors: Huber Markus M. , Merz Judith U. , Rehekampff Christoph , Irlinger Franz , Lueth Tim C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recently, the trend to use robots to support household tasks has increased significantly. So far, these robots are primarily entrusted with fixed tasks, for example, vacuum cleaning or mowing, and operate with few degrees of freedom. In order to be able to take over even more household tasks in the future, a length-adjustable robotic arm is presented in the following. The unique feature of this robot arm is that it is origami-based, which makes the activating structure and the guiding structure the same. In addition, the fold-based approach offers the advantages of origami-based engineering: Due to the high number of kinematic constraints created by repeating fold-schemes, a very high stiffness can be achieved. In addition, the facet-based design of folding mechanisms structures allows the integration of sandwich-structured lightweight panels, which significantly reduces the weight of these structures. The construction of this arm was made possible by the Matlab toolbox SG-Libary [1]. This design process is automated and adaptable to the users requirements regarding the desired retracted, respectively extended length of the robot arm. With the process shown in this paper, a robotic arm was created and manufactured using SLS 3D printing. The robotic arm was then tested for deformation with and without external load using an optical tracking method.