bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of rRAB22b, an oligodendrocyte protein, in regulation of transport of vesicles from trans Golgi to endocytic compartments
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gabin A.G. , Cammer M. , Almazan G. , Charron M. , Larocca J.N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIntracellular membrane trafficking plays an essential role in the biogenesis and maintenance of myelin. Members of the Rab protein family are important components of the systems that regulate intracellular vesicle transport. We examine the function of rRab22b, a novel rat Rab protein cloned from an oligodendrocyte cDNA library, by visualizing and identifying in living Hela cells the organelles that contain rRab22b. Our results show that rRab22b is present in the trans Golgi/TGN and endocytic compartments. Trafficking of membranes from trans Golgi to endocytic compartments takes place via small tubulo vesicular organelles containing rRab22b. The formation of vesicles in the trans Golgi also appears to be regulated by rRab22b. Additionally, our results suggest that rRab22b controls the transport of vesicles from the trans Golgi to endocytic compartments that localize in oligodendrocyte processes. That rRab22b is involved in the transport of certain proteins from trans Golgi to myelin is suggested by the evidence that certain proteins being targeted to the plasma membrane are first transported from trans Golgi to endocytic compartments. J Neurosci. Res. 66:1149–1160, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid recovery from spinal cord injury after subcutaneously administered polyethylene glycol
Authors: Borgens Richard B. , Bohnert Debra 
Published: October 2004

AbstractArguably a seminal event in most trauma and disease is the breakdown of the cell membrane. In most cells, this is first observed as a collapse of the axolemmas barrier properties allowing a derangement of ions to occur, leading to a progressive dissolution of the cell or its process. We have shown that an artificial sealing of mechanically damaged membranes by topical application of hydrophilic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) immediately restores variable levels of nerve impulse conduction through the lesion. This was documented by a rapid recovery of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) conduction, and by recovery of the cutaneous trunchi muscle (CTM) reflex in PEG‐treated animals. The CTM reflex is a sensorimotor behavior dependent on an intact (and identified) white matter tract within the ventrolateral funiculus of the spinal cord, and is thus an excellent index of white matter integrity. We show that PEG can be safely introduced into the bloodstream by several routes of administration. Using a fluorescein decorated PEG, we demonstrate that the polymer specifically targets the hemorrhagic contusion of the adult guinea pig spinal cord when administered through the vasculature, but not intact regions of the spinal cord. A single subcutaneous injection (30% weight by weight in sterile saline) made 6 hr after a standardized spinal cord contusion in adult guinea pigs was sufficient to produce a rapid recovery of SSEP propagation through the lesion in only PEG‐treated animals, accompanied by a statistically significant recovery of the CTM reflex. These data suggest that parenterally administered PEG may be a novel treatment for not only spinal injury, but head injury and stroke as well. J Neurosci. Res. 66:1179–1186, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinal cord reconstruction using NeuroGel™ implants and functional recovery after chronic injury
Authors: Woerly Stéphane , Doan Van Diep , Evans‐Martin F. , Paramore Christopher G. , Peduzzi Jean D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThere is currently a lack of effective ways to achieve functional tissue repair of the chronically injured spinal cord. We investigated the potential of NeuroGel™, a biocompatible polymer hydrogel, to induce a reconstruction of the rat spinal cord after chronic compression‐produced injury. NeuroGel™ was inserted 3 months after a severe injury into the post‐traumatic lesion cavity. Rats were placed in an enriched environment and the functional deficits were measured using the BBB rating scale. A significant improvement in the mean BBB scores was observed. Rats without enriched environment and severely injured rats with an enriched environment alone showed no improvement; however, 7 months after reconstructive surgery using NeuroGel™, a reparative neural tissue had formed within the polymer gel that included myelinated axons and dendro‐dendritic contacts. NeuroGel™ implantation into a chronic spinal cord injury therefore resulted in tissue reconstruction and functional improvement, suggesting that such an approach may have therapeutic value in the repair of focal lesions in humans. J Neurosci. Res. 66:1187–1197, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic evidence for the occurrence of kinetically detectable intermediates in the cleavage of N‐ethoxycarbonylphthalimide under N‐methylhydroxylamine buffers
Authors: Khan M. Niyaz 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of the aqueous cleavage of

N‐ethoxycarbonylphthalimide (NCPH) in CH3NHOH buffers of different pH reveals that the cleavage follows the general irreversible consecutive reaction path NCPH $\buildrel{k_{1\,{\rm obs}}}\over\longrightarrow$ ENMBC $\buildrel{k_{2\,{\rm obs}}}\over\longrightarrow$ A $\buildrel{k_{3\,{\rm obs}}}\over\longrightarrow$ B, where ENMBC, A, and B represent ethyl N‐[o‐(N‐methyl‐N‐hydroxycarbamoyl)benzoyl]carbamate, N‐hydroxyl group cyclized product of ENMBC, and o‐(N‐methyl‐N‐hydroxycarbamoyl)benzoic acid, respectively. The rate constant k1 obs at a constant pH, obeys the relationship k1 obs = kw + knapp [Am]T + kb[Am]T2, where [Am]T is the total concentration of CH3NHOH buffer and kw is first‐order rate constant for pH‐independent hydrolysis of NCPH. Buffer‐dependent rate constant kb shows the presence of both general base and general acid catalysis. Both the rate constants k2 obs and k3 obs are independent of [Am]T (within the [Am]T range of present study) at a constant pH and increase linearly with the increase in aOH with definite intercepts. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 95–103, 2002
Vascular procedures that thermo‐coagulate collagen reduce local platelet deposition and thrombus formation: Laser and laser‐thermal versus balloon angioplasty
Authors: Abela George S. , Hage‐Korban Elie E. , Tomaru Takanobu , Barbeau Gérald R. , Abela Oliver G. , Friedl Stephan E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveExposure of the arterial wall matrix to blood leads to platelet deposition resulting in thrombosis. Because heat alters tissue matrix we proposed that heating reduces platelet deposition.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixty arterial homografts (15 dogs) were mounted in an arterio‐venous “shunt.” Interventions included balloon angioplasty (BA), direct laser (LA), laser‐thermal (LTA), and combined LTABA. 111Indium‐labeled platelets were circulated, radio activity measured, and homografts processed for histology.ResultsRadioactivity count (mean ± SE) at BA sites (13,853 ± 3,192 cpm/cm2) was greater than LA (7,038 ± 981), LTA (5,294 ± 1,145), LTABA (6,176 ± 1,571), and control (1,826 ± 339), P < 0.05. Electron microscopy showed fewer platelets at LA, LTA, and control than BA sites. BA spread the collagen on the arterial lumen while heat gelled collagen and confined it to the arterial media.ConclusionsHeating the artery and gelling collagen during LA, LTA, or LTABA significantly reduced thrombogenicity. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:455–463, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide‐a (HPPH) in a nude rat glioma model: Implications for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Lobel Jeffrey , MacDonald Ian J. , Ciesielski Michael J. , Barone Tara , Potter William R. , Pollina John , Plunkett Robert J. , Fenstermaker Robert A. , Dougherty Thomas J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn this study, we evaluated 2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide‐α (HPPH or Photochlor) as a photosensitizer for the treatment of malignant gliomas by photodynamic therapy (PDT).Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe performed in vivo reflection spectroscopy in athymic rats to measure the attenuation of light in normal brain tissue. We also studied HPPH pharmacokinetics and PDT effects in nude rats with brain tumors derived from stereotactically implanted U87 human glioma cells. Rats implanted with tumors were sacrificed at designated time points to determine the pharmacokinetics of HPPH in serum, tumor, normal brain, and brain adjacent to tumor (BAT). HPPH concentrations in normal brain, BAT and tumor were determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. Twenty‐four hours after intravenous injection of HPPH, we administered interstitial PDT treatment at a wavelength of 665 nm. Light was given in doses of 3.5, 7.5 or 15 J/cm at the tumor site and at a rate of 50 mW/cm.ResultsIn vivo spectroscopy of normal brain tissue showed that the attenuation depth of 665 nm light is ∼30% greater than that of 630 nm light used to activate Photofrin, which is currently being evaluated for PDT as an adjuvant to surgery for malignant gliomas. The t½ of disappearance of drug from serum and tumor was 25 and 30 hours, respectively.ConclusionTwenty‐four hours after injection of 0.5 mg/kg HPPH, tumor‐to‐brain drug ratios ranged from 5:1 to 15:1. Enhanced survival was observed in each of the HPPH/PDT‐treated animal groups. These data suggest that HPPH may be a useful adjuvant for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:397–405, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a novel indwelling balloon applicator for optimizing light delivery in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Madsen Steen J. , Sun Chung‐Ho , Tromberg Bruce J. , Hirschberg Henry 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveA human glioma spheroid model is used to investigate the efficacy of different light delivery schemes in 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)—mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). The results provide the rationale for the development of an indwelling balloon applicator for optimizing light delivery.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHuman glioma spheroids were incubated in ALA (100 or 1000 μg ml−1) for 4 hours and subjected to various light irradiation schemes. In one set of experiments, spheroid survival was monitored as a function of light fluence rate (5–200 mW cm−2). In all cases, spheroids were exposed to fluences of either 25 or 50 J cm−2. In a second study, the effects of repeated weekly PDT treatments, using sub‐threshold fluences, were investigated. One group of spheroids was subjected to three treatments using fluences of 12, 12, and 25 J cm−2. Results were compared to spheroids receiving single treatments of either 12 or 25 J cm−2. A fluence rate of 25 mW cm−2 was used for all three groups of spheroids. In all cases, the effect of a given irradiation scheme was evaluated by monitoring spheroid growth.ResultsLow fluence rates produce greater cell kill than high fluence rates. The minimum effective fluence rate in human glioma spheroids is approximately 10 mW cm−2. Repeated weekly PDT treatments with sub‐threshold fluences result in significant cell kill. In spheroids surviving the PDT treatments, growth is suppressed for the duration of the treatment period.ConclusionThe results of the in vitro studies support the development of an indwelling balloon applicator for the delivery of light doses in long term multi‐fractionated PDT regimens. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:406–412, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A laser pumped Nd3+‐doped YAG fiber‐optic thermal tip for laser thermotherapy
Authors: Tong Limin , Zhu Dan , Luo Qingming , Hong Defei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePhoto‐thermal converters have been successfully used in laser surgery; however, most of the currently used converters are likely to be damaged in the operations due to various problems, preventing them from being efficiently and repeatedly used in laser thermotherapy. Aiming to solve these problems, we report a new type of fiber‐optic photo‐thermal converter with higher stability.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA laser‐pumped highly Nd3+‐doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) crystal fiber tip had been fabricated for photo‐thermal conversion by means of phonon relaxation. The 15at.% neodymium‐doped near cylindrical YAG crystal fiber tip, with maximum diameter of 1.1 mm and length of 2.7 mm, was fabricated on a 1 mm‐thick 42 mm‐long pure YAG single crystal fiber by laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method.Results and ConclusionPumping by a Ti:Sapphire laser with central wavelength of 805 nm, the tip generated a temperature rise of 15°C in egg white with pumping power of 710 mW, the tip temperature increased approximately linearly with the increased pumping power. The distribution of the temperature in two media had also been measured. Experimental results indicated that the tip was promising for laser thermotherapy applications. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:67–69, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facial resurfacing in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV*
Authors: Sriprachya‐anunt Suchai , Marchell Nancy L. , Fitzpatrick Richard E. , Goldman Mitchel P. , Rostan Elizabeth F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThough post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is probably the most common complication of laser resurfacing and appears to correlate directly with the intensity of the patient's natural pigmentation, there is very little data that specifically addresses the risks of dyspigmentation in more darkly pigmented patients (Fitzpatrick skin types IV and above). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term dyspigmentation of patients with skin type IV having radial laser resurfacing.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of the clinical efficacy, incidence of dyspigmentation and other adverse effects, as well as the pre/post‐operative protocol of 22 patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV who were a minimum of 1 year post‐operative following facial laser resurfacing.ResultsThe average patient achieved greater than 50% improvement, indicating adequate treatment being delivered. PIH occurred in 68% of patients, starting 1 month post‐operative and lasting 3.8 months. There was no correlation to pre‐treatment or type of laser used as far as incidence of PIH. True hypopigmentation was not seen in this group of 22 patients.ConclusionsPIH is the most common complication of facial resurfacing in patients with skin type IV. It is not preventable by choice of laser or skin care regimen pre‐operative, but appears to respond to appropriate treatment once it has developed. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:86–92, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical testing of a photoacoustic probe for port wine stain depth determination
Authors: Viator John A. , Au Gigi , Paltauf Guenther , Jacques Steven L. , Prahl Scott A. , Ren Hongwu , Chen Zhongping , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSuccessful laser treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks requires knowledge of lesion geometry. Laser parameters, such as pulse duration, wavelength, and radiant exposure, and other treatment parameters, such as cryogen spurt duration, need to be optimized according to epidermal melanin content and lesion depth. We designed, constructed, and clinically tested a photoacoustic probe for PWS depth determination.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEnergy from a frequency‐doubled, Nd:YAG laser (λ = 532 nm, τp = 4 nanoseconds) was coupled into two 1,500 μm optical fibers fitted into an acrylic handpiece containing a piezoelectric acoustic detector. Laser light induced photoacoustic waves in tissue phantoms and a patient's PWS. The photoacoustic propagation time was used to calculate the depth of the embedded absorbers and PWS lesion.ResultsCalculated chromophore depths in tissue phantoms were within 10% of the actual depths of the phantoms. PWS depths were calculated as the sum of the epidermal thickness, determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the epidermal‐to‐PWS thickness, determined photoacoustically. PWS depths were all in the range of 310–570 μm. The experimentally determined PWS depths were within 20% of those measured by optical Doppler tomography (ODT).ConclusionsPWS lesion depth can be determined by a photoacoustic method that utilizes acoustic propagation time. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:141–148, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free‐electron laser and heat‐conducting templates: A study of reducing cutaneous lateral thermal damage†
Authors: Spector Nicole , Reinisch Lou , Spector Jared , Ellis Darrel L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe developed novel heat‐conducting templates, and tested whether they could effectively remove damaging heat from the tissue during laser ablation. The reduction of lateral thermal damage during cutaneous incisional laser procedures should decrease the time in wound healing. In addition, we selected various infrared wavelengths to determine whether the template effects would be influenced by the laser penetration depth and the particular chromophore absorbing the laser light.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis study utilized the Free‐Electron Laser at wavelengths of 3.0, 5.5, 6.45, 7.5, and 7.7 μm to produce 1.0 cm incisions on in vitro lightly pigmented human skin. At each of these wavelengths, copper, aluminum, glass, and Plexiglas heat conducting templates were tested. At wavelength 5.5 μm, the study was duplicated using in vitro darkly pigmented skin. Histological samples were evaluated using computerized morphometric analysis.ResultsThe adjunct use of both the copper and aluminum templates provided a decrease in thermal damage at each wavelength. Using the copper template reduced lateral thermal damage an average of 67% with no apparent wavelength dependence. The aluminum template reduced thermal damage an average of 54% with no apparent wavelength dependence. The glass and Plexiglas templates did not reduce the lateral thermal damage. At 5.5 μm, no statistically significant difference in lateral thermal damage was observed between darkly and lightly pigmented tissues.ConclusionsHeat‐conducting templates are an effective new method to reduce lateral thermal damage from thermal laser incisions. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:117–122, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of intense pulsed light on sun‐damaged human skin, routine, and ultrastructural analysis*
Authors: Prieto Victor G. , Sadick Neil S. , Lloreta Josep , Nicholson Judy , Shea Christopher R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNew, non‐ablative methods can be used in skin rejuvenation. Histologic analysis of non‐ablative IPL effects on facial, sun‐damaged skin.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFive female subjects, wrinkle class I or II and Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III. IPL treatment: once monthly, 560‐nm cut‐off filters, spot size 8×35 mm, 28–36 J/cm. Routine histology or electron microscopy on 2‐mm punches, before treatment and then 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months.ResultsPre‐treatment specimens contained solar elastosis and perifollicular lymphoid infiltrates. Collagen and elastic fibers appeared unaffected by treatment. At 1‐week, Demodex organisms appeared coagulated.ConclusionsUnder these conditions, IPL induces minimal morphologic changes in mildly sun‐damaged skin. Some esthetic improvement may be secondary to clearing of Demodex organisms and reduction of associated lymphocytic infiltrate. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:82–85, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser ablation of the pulmonary veins by using a fiberoptic balloon catheter: Implications for treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Fried Nathaniel M. , Tsitlik Arkadiy , Rent Kenneth C. , Berger Ronald D. , Lardo Albert C. , Calkins Hugh , Halperin Henry R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFocal sources of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be treatable by electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins from the left atrium. A new fiberoptic balloon catheter was tested as an alternative to radiofrequency catheter ablation for creation of circumferential thermal lesions at the pulmonary vein orifice.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted in canine hearts to demonstrate efficacy and optimize ablation dosimetry. Continuous‐wave, 1.06‐μm, Nd:YAG laser radiation was delivered radially through diffusing optical fiber tips enclosed in a balloon catheter. During in vivo studies, the catheter was placed at the pulmonary vein orifice through a left atrial appendage sheath under X‐ray fluoroscopic guidance during an open‐chest procedure. Additionally, circumferential lesions in the left atrial appendage were correlated with epicardial electrograms demonstrating elimination of electrical activity.ResultsThe pulmonary veins were successfully ablated by using laser powers of 30–50 W and irradiation times of 60–90 seconds. Transmural, continuous, and circumferential lesions were produced in the pulmonary veins in a single application without evidence of tissue vaporization or endothelial disruption.ConclusionLaser ablation by using a fiberoptic balloon catheter may represent a promising alternative to radiofrequency catheter ablation for electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins from the left atrium during treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Further development and testing of the fiberoptic catheter is warranted for possible clinical studies. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:197–203, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo evaluation of human fetal membrane closure
Authors: Petratos Peter B. , Baergen Rebecca N. , Bleustein Clifford B. , Felsen Diane , Poppas Dix P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis study compares stress and leak point pressure of human fetal membranes following closure with suture, laser welding, or a new tissue sealant, SynthaSeal™Study Design/Materials and MethodsSamples of fetal membrane were bisected and repaired with suture, laser welding with albumin solders, or a tissue sealant. Representative tissue samples were assessed by histology. Anastomotic strength was evaluated by tensiometry. Additionally, leak pressure was measured after membrane samples were placed onto an infusion pump/pressure transducer, incised, and repaired as above.ResultsMembrane stress was strongest (P < 0.001) for the tissue sealant group. Sutured samples were stronger than laser‐welded samples. Membrane leak pressure was greatest for the tissue sealant group. The suture group demonstrated a higher leak pressure than the laser‐welded group.ConclusionsHuman fetal membranes were not suited for repair with laser welding under the conditions tested. A new tissue sealant, SynthaSeal™, may provide a simple, effective method for membrane closure following fetoscopy, amniocentesis, and open fetal surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:48–53, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.