bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy band gap modulation and photoinduced electron transfer fluorescence sensing properties of D–A conjugated polymers containing benzotriazole
Authors: Luo Haoyue , Xu Jinyao , Chen Xinai , Wan Jiayi , Lei Hong , Chen Yinshuang , Feng Juhua , Liu Kuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo new conjugated polymers containing benzotriazole were synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction, and the polymer with lower energy band gap was created by designing the structure of the acceptor unit by introducing thiophene unit at both ends of the benzotriazole. Surprisingly, the fluorescence emission of D–A conjugated polymer with modified unit shifted from blue to yellow light, and the polymer had a higher fluorescence quantum efficiency. In addition, thiophen benzimidazole was introduced as the side chain unit for the study of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. The addition of Fe3+ and Cu2+ caused significant quenching of fluorescence of polymers, and the polymer with high energy band gap exhibited higher fluorescence quenching ability. Moreover, when exploring the fluorescence sensing of [P‐Fe3+] complex in the presence of anion, it was observed that the PO43− competed with [P‐Fe3+] complex for Fe3+, interrupting the fluorescence sensing mechanism eventually leading to the recovery of fluorescence. The design approach utilized in this survey for D–A conjugated polymer paves the way for a novel mean of functional control of fluorescence sensor based on PET fluorescence sensing.
Resolution in cryogenic solid state NMR: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Sergeyev Ivan V. , Fritzsching Keith , Rogawski Rivkah , McDermott Ann 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNMR at cryogenic temperatures has the potential to provide rich site‐specific details regarding biopolymer structure, function, and mechanistic intermediates. Broad spectral lines compared with room temperature NMR can sometimes present practical challenges. A number of hypotheses regarding the origins of line broadening are explored. One frequently considered explanation is the presence of inhomogeneous conformational distributions. Possibly these arise when the facile characteristic motions that occur near room temperature become dramatically slower or “frozen out” at temperatures below the solvent phase change. Recent studies of low temperature spectra harness the distributions in properties in these low temperature spectra to uncover information regarding the conformational ensembles that drive biological function.
Robotic‐assisted appendiceal onlay flap ureteroplasty combined with ureteral reimplantation for multifocal ureteral strictures: Case report and technical description
Authors: Xiao Xingyuan , Zhou Yuancheng , Chai Shuaishuai , Cheng Gong , Li Bing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the surgical technique of robotic‐assisted appendiceal onlay flap ureteroplasty combined with ureteral reimplantation to repair unilateral multifocal ureteral strictures in one stage and report 9‐month follow‐up outcomes.MethodA longitudinal ventral incision of proximal ureter strictures No. 1 and 2 was performed, and the appendix was detubularised along its antimesenteric border. Then, the appendiceal onlay flap was anastomosed with the spatulated ureter in an onlay fashion. To manage the distal ureteral stricture No. 3, ureteral reimplantation was performed in a tension‐free manner.ResultsVoiding cystourethrography and antegrade urography showed urine regurgitation into the ureter without dilation and no obstruction of the reconstructed ureteral segment 7 weeks after surgery. No postoperative complications occurred during the 9‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsRobotic‐assisted appendiceal onlay flap ureteroplasty combined with ureteral reimplantation appears to be a safe and effective surgical method for repairing the unilateral multifocal ureteral strictures.
Surface Modification of ZnO Nanorods using Stearic Acid and their Self‐cleaning and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Narwal Monika , Jeevanandam Pethaiyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the current study, a cost‐effective simple strategy has been developed for the surface modification of ZnO nanorods (NRs). The ZnO NRs were surface modified using stearic acid. The ZnO NRs and stearic modified ZnO NRs were characterized using various analytical techniques. FT‐IR, TGA, and CHO analyses prove successful surface modification of ZnO NRs with stearic acid. FE‐SEM and TEM analyses show no change in morphology of ZnO NRs before and after the surface modification. The stearic acid modified ZnO NRs show water contact angle greater than 90° which suggests their hydrophobic nature. XPS analysis shows presence of Zn2+and O2−in pure ZnO and the stearic acid modified ZnO NRs. The stearic acid modified ZnO NRs were explored for self‐cleaning and they were also tested as catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet in an aqueous solution. Kinetics and recyclability studies were also carried out for the photodegradation of crystal violet using the stearic acid modified ZnO NRs.
Synergistic Interactions in Sequential Process Doping of Polymer/Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Enhanced n‐Type Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Lin Po‐Shen , Lin Jhih‐Min , Tung Shih‐Huang , Higashihara Tomoya , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the fabrication of nanocomposite thermoelectric devices by blending either a naphthalene‐diimide (NDI)‐based conjugated polymer (NDI‐T1 or NDI‐T2), or an isoindigo (IID)‐based conjugated polymer (IID‐T2), with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). This is followed by sequential process doping method with the small molecule 4‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethylbenzenamine (N‐DMBI) to provide the nanocomposite with n‐type thermoelectric properties. Experiments in which the concentrations of the N‐DMBI dopant are varied demonstrate the successful conversion of all three polymer/SWCNT nanocomposites from p‐type to n‐type behavior. Comprehensive spectroscopic, microstructural, and morphological analyses of the pristine polymers and the various N‐DMBI‐doped polymer/SWCNT nanocomposites are performed in order to gain insights into the effects of various interactions between the polymers and SWCNTs on the doping outcomes. Among the obtained nanocomposites, the NDI‐T1/SWCNT exhibits the highest n‐type Seebeck coefficient and power factor of −57.7 µV K−1 and 240.6 µW m−1 K−2, respectively. However, because the undoped NDI‐T2/SWCNT exhibits a slightly higher p‐type performance, an integral p–n thermoelectric generator is fabricated using the doped and undoped NDI‐T2/SWCNT nanocomposite. This device is shown to provide an output power of 27.2 nW at a temperature difference of 20 K.
Natural Extracts for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Chen Cuihong , Chen Lin , Mao Congyang , Jin Liguo , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Zhang Yu , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBacteria‐induced epidemics and infectious diseases are seriously threatening the health of people around the world. In addition, antibiotic therapy has been inducing increasingly more serious bacterial resistance, which makes it urgent to develop new treatment strategies to combat bacteria, including multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Natural extracts displaying antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility have attracted much attention due to greater concerns about the safety of synthetic chemicals and emerging drug resistance. These antibacterial components can be isolated and utilized as antimicrobials, as well as transformed, combined, or wrapped with other substances by using modern assistive technologies to fight bacteria synergistically. This review summarizes recent advances in natural extracts from three kinds of sources—plants, animals, and microorganisms—for antibacterial applications. This work discusses the corresponding antibacterial mechanisms and the future development of natural extracts in antibacterial fields.
Business Models in 5G/6G Mobile Communications
Authors: Ahokangas Petri , Aagaard Annabeth , Atkova Irina , Yrjölä Seppo , Matinmikko-Blue Marja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBusiness models in mobile communication have remained surprisingly stable up to 4G. 5G and beyond generations will bring a fundamental change to how mobile connectivity is deployed and commercialized. This chapter explores value capture on 5G and 6G by looking at the business opportunities, business models, and changing platform-based business ecosystems of the future that extend beyond traditional company boundaries. Combining technology and strategy perspectives, six baseline business models are presented for 5G: General bit-pipe, Segmented specialized service, Wholesale service local operator, Retail service local operator, Vertical service operator, and Context service local operator. Additionally, 6GMNO, OTT operator, Edge operator, Telco broker, and Service-flow business models are envisioned for 6G. The chapter concludes by characterizing the future mobile communications business models as vertically, horizontally, or obliquely structured ecosystems.
Series Acceleration via Negative Binomial Probabilities
Authors: Adell José A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany special functions and analytic constants allow for a probabilistic representation in terms of inverse moments of [0, 1]-valued random variables. Under this assumption, we give fast computations of them with an explicit upper bound for the remainder term. One of the main features of the method is that the coefficients of the main term of the approximation always contain negative binomial probabilities which, in turn, can be precomputed and stored. Applications to the arctangent function, Dirichlet functions and their nth derivatives, and the Catalan, Gompertz, and Stieltjes constants are provided.
The local bisection hypothesis for twisted groupoid C*-algebras
Authors: Armstrong Becky , Brown Jonathan H. , Clark Lisa Orloff , Courtney Kristin , Lin Ying-Fen , McCormick Kathryn , Ramagge Jacqui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this note, we present criteria that are equivalent to a locally compact Hausdorff groupoid G being effective. One of these conditions is that G satisfies the C*-algebraic local bisection hypothesis; that is, that every normaliser in the reduced twisted groupoid C*-algebra is supported on an open bisection. The semigroup of normalisers plays a fundamental role in our proof, as does the semigroup of normalisers in cyclic group C*-algebras.
Projected changes in sitting and physical activity among midlife and older men and women in Finland
Authors: Wennman Heini , Borodulin Katja , Jousilahti Pekka , Laatikainen Tiina , Mäki-Opas Tomi , Männistö Satu , Tolonen Hanna , Valkeinen Heli , Härkänen Tommi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
Population-based projections of sitting and physical activity (PA) help to guide PA programs. We aimed to project total and context specific sitting and PA until year 2028 in adults aged 46–74 years in Finland.

Subject and methods
The population based DILGOM Study in 2007 and 2014 provided longitudinal data on self-reported weekday sitting in five contexts (work, vehicle, at home in front of TV, at home by computer, elsewhere), total sitting, and PA in three domains (occupational, commuting and leisure time). Projections until 2028 were generated using a Markovian multistate model and multiple imputation techniques by gender, age and education.

Results
Total weekday sitting was projected to increase until 2028 only in the 64–74-year-olds and the low educated (+ 24 and + 32 min/day, p < 0.05, respectively). Sitting at home by computer was projected to increase on average 30 min/weekday (p < 0.05) and occupational PA decrease by 8 to 20%-units (p < 0.05) in all midlife and older adults. Further, sitting at home by TV and sitting elsewhere were projected to decrease in many, although not all groups.

Conclusion
Projected changes suggest increase in sitting by computer and decrease in occupational PA, which indicate the growing importance of leisure-time as the potential mean to increase PA.
Characterizing Head Acceleration Events in Law Enforcement Cadets During Subject Control Technique Training
Authors: Smith Carly R. , Onate James A. , Edwards Nathan A. , Hagen Joshua A. , Kolba Chris , Paur Scott , Walters Joshua , Caccese Jaclyn B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLaw enforcement cadets (LECs) complete weeks of subject control technique training. Similar sport-related combat training has been shown to expose participants to head acceleration events (HAEs) that have potential to result in short- and long-term impairments. The purpose of this study was to describe the number and magnitude of HAEs in LECs throughout their training. 37 LECs (7 females; age = 30.6 ± 8.8 years; BMI = 30.0 ± 6.0) were recruited from a law enforcement organization. Participants wore instrumented mouthguards, which recorded all HAEs exceeding a resultant 5 g threshold for training sessions with the potential for HAEs. Participants completed three defensive tactics (DT) training sessions, a DT skill assessment (DTA), and three boxing sessions. Outcome measures included the number of HAEs, peak linear acceleration (PLA), and peak rotational velocity (PRV). There were 2758 true-positive HAEs recorded across the duration of the study. Boxing sessions accounted for 63.7% of all true-positive HAEs, while DT accounted for 31.4% and DTA accounted for 4.9%. Boxing sessions resulted in a higher number of HAEs per session (F2,28 = 48.588, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.776), and higher median PLA (F2,28 = 8.609, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.381) and median PRV (F2,28 = 11.297, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.447) than DT and DTA. The LECs experience a high number of HAEs, particularly during boxing sessions. Although this training is necessary for job duties, HAE monitoring may lead to modifications in training structure to improve participant safety and enhance recovery.
Sand dam contributions to year-round water security monitored through telemetered handpump data
Authors: Ritchie Hannah , Holman Ian , Parker Alison , Chan Joanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSand dams are a form of rainwater harvesting, prolific in arid and semi-arid lands. Water is provided partly via handpumps, which, as the only improved method of abstraction from sand dams, are important for drinking water security. Accelerometers and cellular transmitters were fitted to 30 handpumps by the Africa Sand Dam Foundation (ASDF) in 2019 to monitor the use and reliability of the handpumps by recording hourly water volume abstracted. Data from April 2019 to October 2021 for 26 of these sites, alongside qualitative data, were analysed and each handpump’s contribution to year-round water security was explored, focusing on the long dry season when water supply from other sources is compromised. Abstraction was over 20 times higher in the long dry season than in any other season, and at sites with higher salinity, higher livestock use, and larger dam wall area. At 21 wells, abstraction was still being recorded at the end of at least one long dry season; however, high spatial and temporal heterogeneity between pumps and seasons means that not all sand dams deliver reliable water supply year-round. Quantifying the contribution that sand dams make to water security is crucial for understanding their resilience against a changing climate and can aid decision makers when choosing the most appropriate water management technique. Knowledge of temporal and site heterogeneity in abstraction can inform when other water sources need increasing and can help with sand dam design optimisation. Overall, our results indicate the positive contribution that sand dams make to year-round water security through the water that is abstracted through handpumps.
Understanding Active Region Origins and Emergence on the Sun and Other Cool Stars
Authors: Weber Maria A. , Schunker Hannah , Jouve Laurène , Işık Emre 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of active regions on the Sun is an integral feature of the solar dynamo mechanism. However, details about the generation of active-region-scale magnetism and the journey of this magnetic flux from the interior to the photosphere are still in question. Shifting paradigms are now developing for the source depth of the Sun’s large-scale magnetism, the organization of this magnetism into fibril flux tubes, and the role of convection in shaping active-region observables. Here we review the landscape of flux emergence theories and simulations, highlight the role flux emergence plays in the global dynamo process, and make connections between flux emergence on the Sun and other cool stars. As longer-term and higher fidelity observations of both solar active regions and their associated flows are amassed, it is now possible to place new constraints on models of emerging flux. We discuss the outcomes of statistical studies which provide observational evidence that flux emergence may be a more passive process (at least in the upper convection zone); dominated to a greater extent by the influence of convection and to a lesser extent by buoyancy and the Coriolis force acting on rising magnetic flux tubes than previously thought. We also discuss how the relationship between stellar rotation, fractional convection zone depth, and magnetic activity on other stars can help us better understand the flux emergence processes. Looking forward, we identify open questions regarding magnetic flux emergence that we anticipate can be addressed in the next decade with further observations and simulations.
The sensitivity of health impact assessments of PM2.5 from South African coal-fired power stations
Authors: Simelane Siyabonga P. , Langerman Kristy E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnabated emissions of precursor gases from coal-fired power stations in South Africa greatly contribute to ambient PM2.5 concentration in the region, but estimates of the number of associated premature mortalities vary vastly. The application of the exposure-response function is one of the reasons for the differences in estimates of premature mortalities; since the relationship between mortality and PM2.5 exposure flattens out at higher PM2.5 concentrations, a smaller number of premature mortalities is calculated if a reduction in PM2.5 concentration occurs at the actual ambient concentration (“avoidable deaths”), while a greater number of mortalities is calculated if other sources are not considered (at low ambient concentrations) (“single-source deaths”). It is more appropriate to attribute deaths to a source in proportion to the contribution made by the source to ambient PM2.5 levels (“attributable deaths”). Total ambient PM2.5 concentrations are extrapolated from 38 ambient monitoring stations in the north-eastern region of South Africa using a regression model based on household socio-economic factors, and PM2.5 concentrations derived from power station emissions are estimated using a reduced-form intake fraction model. It is estimated that there are around 800 attributable premature mortalities per year due to PM2.5 from coal-fired power station emissions in South Africa. The number of premature mortalities is 44% higher when calculating single-source deaths and 53% lower when calculating avoidable deaths. Using the attributable death approach is particularly important in highly polluted areas such as low-income residential areas where households use solid and liquid fuels.
Prediction model of no-response before the first transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: TACF score
Authors: Zhong Jia-Wei , Nie Dan-Dan , Huang Ji-Lan , Luo Rong-Guang , Cheng Qing-He , Du Qiao-Ting , Guo Gui-Hai , Bai Liang-Liang , Guo Xue-Yun , Chen Yan , Chen Si-Hai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious clinic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) mainly focused on the overall survival, whereas a simple-to-use tool for predicting the response to the first TACE and the management of risk classification before TACE are lacking. Our aim was to develop a scoring system calculated manually for these patients. A total of 437 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent TACE treatment were carefully selected for analysis. They were then randomly divided into two groups: a training group comprising 350 patients and a validation group comprising 77 patients. Furthermore, 45 HCC patients who had recently undergone TACE treatment been included in the study to validate the model’s efficacy and applicability. The factors selected for the predictive model were comprehensively based on the results of the LASSO, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The discrimination, calibration ability and clinic utility of models were evaluated in both the training and validation groups. A prediction model incorporated 3 objective imaging characteristics and 2 indicators of liver function. The model showed good discrimination, with AUROCs of 0.735, 0.706 and 0.884 and in the training group and validation groups, and good calibration. The model classified the patients into three groups based on the calculated score, including low risk, median risk and high-risk groups, with rates of no response to TACE of 26.3%, 40.2% and 76.8%, respectively. We derived and validated a model for predicting the response of patients with HCC before receiving the first TACE that had adequate performance and utility. This model may be a useful and layered management tool for patients with HCC undergoing TACE.
Effect of dam construction on changes in river's environmental flow (case study: Gorganrood river in the south of the Caspian Sea)
Authors: Zargari Ali , Salarijazi Meysam , Ghorbani Khalil , Ahmad Dehghani Amir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman activities such as dam construction can lead to significant river flow regime changes and, consequently, river environments and habitats. Different approaches for estimating the environmental flow have developed to improve the river ecosystem's environmental and habitat conditions. The hydrological approach is considered in many studies to estimate environmental flows considering its advantages.Vimba vimba persais an economically and ecologically valuable species in the Caspian Sea that spawns and reproduces naturally in the Gorganrood River downstream in April–May. After the construction of the Voshmgir dam on the Gorganrood River, the fish population has drastically reduced in recent decades. In this study, to investigate the effect of constructing the Voshmgir dam on the environmental flow of Gorganrood River, a wide range of hydrological methods, including Tennant, Tessman, Arkansas, Aquatic Base Flow, Flow Duration Curve, High Flow-Low Flow, and FDC Shifting have been used. Comparing the correlation between the mean monthly flow time series before and after the Voshmgir dam demonstrates remarkable changes, including Pearson (0.95 to 0.86), Spearman's rho (0.93 to 0.78), and Kendall's τ (0.78 to 0.61) as a consequence of dam construction. The results indicate that estimated environmental flow from Tennant (1.1, 3.4 to 1.3, 3.8 cms) and Aquatic Base Flow (0.5 to 1.8 cms) methods have led to inadequate estimation due to significant changes in flow in different months. The amount of environmental flow during April–May estimated from investigated methods indicates the dam negatively affected water allocation to meet the river downstream's ecological and environmental needs. The flow duration curve analysis confirms that the dam construction has caused the river flow to fluctuate significantly within the year. The dam construction has dramatically reduced the flow in April–May, a critical environmental and ecological season. The April–May period coincides with the river's flood season. The construction of the Voshmgir dam has caused the components of high flow in the environmental flow to face severe shortages.