bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational properties of ferroelectric hexagonal tungsten bronzes ABxW3−xO9, where A = K, Rb, Cs and B = Nb, Ta, Zr, Cr
Authors: Ma̧czka M. , Hanuza J. , Majchrowski A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPowder x‐ray diffraction, Raman and IR studies were performed for a number of ferroelectric hexagonal tungsten bronzes of the formula ABxW3−xO9, where A = K, Rb, Cs and B = Nb, Ta, Zr and Cr. The observed vibrational modes were assigned to the respective motions of atoms in the unit cell. The x‐ray data revealed that the partial substitution of W atoms by atoms with lower valence results in shortening of the W—W distances within the xy plane and elongation in the z direction. These changes in the crystal structure were correlated with the vibrational data. The measured spectra indicated also the presence of some kind of ordering in the potassium–and rubidium–zirconium bronzes, and the presence of a large number of defects for the chromium bronzes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methyl jasmonate reduces chilling injury symptoms and enhances colour development of ‘Kent’ mangoes
Authors: González‐Aguilar G A , Buta J G , Wang C Y 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTreatment of mango (Mangifera indica cv ‘Kent’) fruits with methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapour for 20 h at 20 °C reduced chilling injury (CI) symptoms and enhanced skin colour development. MJ at 10−4 M was the most effective concentration for reducing CI and decay in fruits stored at 5 °C followed by 7 days at 20 °C (shelf‐life period). The use of 10−5 M MJ enhanced yellow and red colour development of mangoes stored at 20 °C. These fruits possessed higher L*, a* and b* values than untreated fruits and those treated with 10−4 M MJ. Ripening processes were inhibited by cold storage (5 °C) in control fruits. After cold storage and shelf‐life period, fruits treated with 10−5 M MJ ripened normally and contained the highest total soluble solids (TSS). These fruits also maintained higher sugar and organic acid levels than fruits subjected to other treatments. We concluded that MJ treatment could be used to reduce decay and CI symptoms and also to improve colour development of mango fruits without adversely affecting quality.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of neoplastic diseases of the sacrum
Authors: Raque George H. , Vitaz Todd W. , Shields Christopher B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSacral neoplasms constitute a wide range of pathological entities including primary and metastatic as well as benign and malignant conditions. Often these lesions are large at the time of initial diagnosis and surgical cure may be difficult. Nonetheless, surgery may be indicated for a wide range of reasons including tissue diagnosis, palliation of pain, preservation of neurological function, or attempts for curative resection. There are numerous surgical approaches to lesions of this area which require a complete understanding of the neural, pelvic, and bony anatomy. For this reason we utilize a multidisciplinary team approach when treating these lesions. This allows for the combination of expertise from areas such as general surgery, orthopedic surgery, and neurosurgery that optimizes the treatment of these patients. In this article we review the basic techniques of diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. This overview includes the relative anatomy, symptoms, diagnosis, imaging, operative indications, surgical approaches, and potential complications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:301–307. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrence of thymoma: Clinicopathological features, re‐operation, and outcome
Authors: Haniuda Masayuki , Kondo Ryoichi , Numanami Hiroki , Makiuchi Akiko , Machida Emi , Amano Jun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundEven after complete resection, recurrence of thymoma is not infrequently observed, and treatment of recurrent thymoma remains controversial.Study DesignOne hundred and twenty‐six patients underwent surgically complete resection for thymoma, and 24 of them had a recurrence. Surgical treatment of recurrent thymoma was attempted in 15 patients for a total of 18 times. In the present study, the relevance of clinicopathological features and the re‐operation on the survival rate after the recurrence were determined.ResultsThe most frequent recurrent type was pleural dissemination (92%), with local recurrence observed in 5%. Overall 5‐ and 10‐year survivals after recurrence were 37 and 16%, respectively. Disease‐free interval after initial operation and complication of myasthenia gravis had no significant effect on postrecurrent survival. The use of postoperative mediastinal irradiation had no effect on reducing the recurrence rate or improving survival after recurrence. Two of 15 patients who underwent re‐operation died of major complications after It. pleuropneumonectomy for severe pleural dissemination. In the present study, the re‐operation was not significantly effective for prolongation of postrecurrence survival.ConclusionOur study showed that re‐operation should not be attempted for all patients with recurrent thymoma. Because effect of subtotal resection for severe pleural recurrence is disappointing, total resection for minimal pleural dissemination or small local recurrence will be undertaken to improve postrecurrent survival. Careful follow‐up for > 10 years will increase the chance of the total resection of the recurrent thymoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:183–188. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health ecology, land degradation and development
Authors: Collins A. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIncreasing awareness of the health implications of environmental change in developing areas demands ongoing evaluation of the composition and context of unique human and environmental systems. The relationship between the ecology of emergent and resurgent infectious disease and land degradation is an uncertain aspect of environmental influences on human health that varies in different development contexts. An approach for examining a dynamic health and environment nexus is suggested based on combining ideas about health ecology with notions of sustainable development. The rationale is derived from the experience of research on changing diarrhoeal disease endemicity and epidemicity in central Mozambique, recent moves towards poverty reduction through food and livelihood security in Zambézia province, and the development of a geographic health information system to control malaria. Themes include analysing the influence of land degradation on incidence of infectious diseases, situating human health in land‐based notions of sustainable development, and communality between environmental health care and land‐based poverty reduction policies. The paper emphasizes that environmental health surveillance and care must be responsive to changing health ecologies in varying development landscapes and that common policy directives should be sought in avoiding both human ill‐health and land degradation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does new photosensitizer improve photodynamic therapy in advanced esophageal carcinoma?
Authors: Maier Alfred , Tomaselli Florian , Matzi Veronika , Rehak Peter , Pinter Hans , Smolle‐Jüttner Freyja M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePolyhematoporphyrin (Photosan®) as sensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in advanced esophageal cancer carry the risk of prolonged photosensitivity of the skin. New sensitizers such as 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) with low rates of skin phototoxicity appear to be promising alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ALA compared to Photosan® for PDT in advanced esophageal carcinoma regarding phototoxicity of the skin, reduction of dysphagia, tumor stenosis, and tumor length and Karnovsky performance status.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAfter diagnostic work‐up, photosensitization was done in 22 patients with ALA (60 mg/kg body weight, oral, 6–8 hours prior to PDT) and in 27 patients with Photosan® (2 mg/kg body weight, i.v., 48 hours before PDT). The light dose was calculated as 300 J/cm fibre tip. Light at 630 nm was applied using a pumped dye laser. In both groups, additional hyperbaric oxygenation was applied at a level of 2 absolute atmospheric pressure.ResultsImprovement regarding dysphagia, stenosis diameter, and tumor length could be obtained in both treatment arms with a significant difference in favour of the Photosan®‐group, P = 0.02; P = 0.0000; and P = 0.000014, respectively. The Karnovsky performance status also improved in both groups and showed no significant difference (P = 0.12). The median survival time for the ALA‐group was 8.0 months, compared with 9.0 months for the Photosan® group. No sunburn or other major treatment related complication occurred in both treatment arms. Thirty‐day mortality was 0%.ConclusionDespite the limitations of a non‐randomized study, photosensitzation with Photosan® seems to be more effective in PDT of advanced esophageal carcinoma compared to ALA. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:323–327, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What if your dentist looked like Tom Cruise? Applying the match‐up hypothesis to a service encounter
Authors: Koernig Stephen K. , Page Albert L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResearch in advertising suggests the positive effects of spokesperson attractiveness only enhance consumers' attitudes if the attractiveness of the spokesperson matches up with the image of the product (Kahle & Homer, 1985; Kamins, 1990; Parekh & Kanekar, 1994). This study examines the effects of service provider physical attractiveness and tests the application of the match‐up hypothesis to the service encounter. Provider physical attractiveness (high, moderate, low) and service type (related or unrelated to attractiveness) were varied in a 3 × 2 factorial design. The experimental results suggest that when service‐provider attractiveness is congruent with the image of the service, consumers' ratings of service quality and their attitudes toward the service provider will be maximized. The results are explained with the use of a schema‐based information‐processing paradigm. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, and mismatch repair protein alterations in the radial growth phase of cutaneous malignant melanomas
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud R. , Sun Min , Roggero Eduardo , Sudilovsky Eulalia C. , Tuthill Ralph J. , Wood Gary S. , Sudilovsky Oscar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLittle is known about genomic alterations during development of the radial growth phase (RGP) of cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMMs). In this investigation polymerase chain reaction–based microsatellite assays were applied to analyze 13 RGP‐CMMs with 18 microsatellite markers at six chromosomal regions: 1p, 3p, 4q, 6q, 9p, and 10q. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found in eight cases (62%), at 9p22, 1p36, and 10q11, suggesting the presence of tumor‐suppressor genes at these regions. LOH was encountered frequently at the interferon‐α (31%) and D10S249 loci (15%). Low‐level microsatellite instability (MSI) (11–16% of investigated loci unstable) was noted in three cases (23%). Two MSI banding patterns were seen: band shift and the presence of additional bands. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the low‐level MSI pattern, we analyzed the lesions for expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins with immunoperoxidase methods and mouse monoclonal antibodies. The average percentages of positively stained cells for human MutL homolog 1 (hMLH1), human MutS homolog 2 (hMSH2), and human MutS homolog 6 (hMSH6) in RGP‐CMM (75.6 ± 3.4%, 67.20 ± 7.71%, and 76.6 ± 2.1%, respectively) were reduced compared with benign nevi. No statistically significant differences in MMR protein expression were found between microsatellite‐stable and low‐level MSI lesions (P = 0.173, P = 0.458, and P = 0.385 for hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6, respectively). There was a direct correlation between values for percentages of positively stained cells for hMSH2 and hMSH6 (r = +0.9, P = 0.03), suggesting that common mechanisms regulate their expression. In conclusion, LOH, MSI, and reduced MMR protein expression appear to be present in at least some RGP‐CMMs and may play a role in their pathogenesis. Further studies are necessary to support these finding and to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐line solvent evaporator for coupled normal phase‐reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography systems: Heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis
Authors: Moret Sabrina , Cericco Vanì , Conte Lanfranco S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn on‐line system for coupling a normal phase liquid chromatography (LC) column to a reversed‐phase LC column is described. The interface consists of an on‐line solvent evaporator working on the principles of concurrent eluent evaporation and vapor overflow, and two additional 10 port valves. Optimization of the on‐line procedure as well as recoveries, repeatability and linearity characteristics were tested in a simplified system simulating determination of heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils. An application on a real extra virgin olive oil sample is also reported. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 13–18, 2001
The European single market and the regulation of the legal profession: an economic analysis
Authors: Stephen Frank H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe article analyses the effect of removing barriers between two autarkic legal markets with different technologies. Firms using the more efficient technology penetrate the other market. The result is mergers between firms from the efficient jurisdictions and those in the inefficient jurisdictions. Social welfare increases from reduced resource costs in the production of legal services even if prices remain regulated. This leads to pressure for prices for legal services to be reduced. Recent trends in the penetration of EU legal markets by English solicitors firms are discussed, particularly recent mergers involving English and German law firms. Implications for future market regulation are drawn. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deficits of temporal discrimination in dystonia are independent from the spatial distance between the loci of tactile stimulation
Authors: Tinazzi Michele , Fiaschi Antonio , Frasson Emma , Fiorio Mirta , Cortese Feliciana , Aglioti Salvatore M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo assess whether spatial variables influence deficits of temporal somesthetic discrimination in dystonic patients, 10 patients with idiopathic dystonia and 12 healthy controls were tested with pairs of non‐noxious electrical stimuli separated by different time intervals. Stimuli were delivered: (1) to the pad of the index finger (same‐point condition), (2) to the pad and to the base of the index finger (same‐finger condition), and (3) to the pad of the index and ring fingers (different‐finger condition). Subjects were asked to report whether they perceived single or double stimuli in the first condition and synchronous or asynchronous stimuli in the second and third conditions. Somesthetic temporal discrimination thresholds (STDTs) were obtained by computing the shortest time interval at which stimuli, applied to the left or the right hand, were perceived as separate in the first condition or asynchronous in the second and third conditions. STDTs were significantly higher in dystonic patients than controls in all three conditions. In both dystonia patients and controls, STDTs resulted highest in conditions whereby stimuli were maximally separated in space. Results extend current knowledge of deficits of somesthetic temporal discrimination in dystonia by showing that temporal deficits are not influenced by spatial variables. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Trunk movement in Parkinson's disease during rising from seated position
Authors: Nikfekr E. , Kerr K. , Attfield S. , Playford E.D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is associated with particular difficulties rising from a seated position. Little is known about the mechanisms of sit‐to‐stand in this condition. We sought to define trunk movement during sit‐to‐stand in a group of patients with PD. Six patients and seven normal volunteers were studied using a six camera ELITE motion analysis system (BTS, Milan, Italy), which permitted data collection in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Retroreflective markers were positioned along the spine at C7, T3, T6, T9, T12, L3, and the sacrum. Whole‐trunk kinematics and the movement at the six different trunk markers were recorded during rising. PD patients have a significantly greater degree of trunk flexion than controls, showing a significant increase in angular velocity of the trunk in the sagittal plane. The total range of movement of trunk rotation was significantly smaller in the PD group, but lateral movement in the trunk was greater than normal. These data suggest that patients with early PD compensate for their difficulties rising from a chair by generating greater trunk flexion at higher angular velocity, thus developing greater forward momentum. This process results in a decrease in the duration of the unstable transitional phase of sit‐to‐stand, allowing PD patients to reach the upright position as easily and safely as possible. Small rotational movements are an effective way to maintain the centre of mass within the base of support during sit‐to‐stand. This mechanism appears to be denied to the PD patients who may use increased movements in the coronal plane as an alternative strategy. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Randomized trial comparing primidone initiation schedules for treating essential tremor
Authors: O'Suilleabhain Padraig , Dewey Richard B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEarly side effects are common when primidone is used to treat essential tremor, with as many as one‐third of patients failing to tolerate the tablets. Lower doses can be prescribed initially using a suspension formulation. We suspected suspension initiation would result in fewer early side effects, allow better acclimatization, and improve compliance. Forty patients with essential tremor were randomized to begin primidone treatment using either 2.5 mg doses in the suspension form or 25 mg doses in the tablet form. Doses gradually increased over 3 weeks to 150 mg/day. This was a double‐blind, double‐dummy trial. Medication cessation due to side effects was designated the primary end‐point. Four patients in the suspension group and two in the tablet group dropped out due to early side effects, resulting in a relative risk of 1.9 (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 9.2). Side effects in the first 48 hours of treatment were equally common, affecting seven subjects in each group. Treatment benefits were the same in both groups. We concluded that use of a very low initial dose and a graduated titration schedule in suspension formulation did not appear to improve primidone tolerability. If anything, compliance tended to be worse when compared with the tablet formulation, though the study was under‐powered to reject the null hypothesis of equivalence. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Statins and progressive renal disease
Authors: Buemi Michele , Senatore Massimino , Corica Francesco , Aloisi Carmela , Romeo Adolfo , Cavallaro Emanuela , Floccari Fulvio , Tramontana Domenico , Frisina Nicola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThanks to the administration of hypocholesterolemic drugs, important advances have been made in the treatment of patients with progressive renal disease. In vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate that statins, the inhibitors of HMG‐CoA reductase, can provide protection against kidney diseases characterized by inflammation and/or enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells occurring in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, or by increased proliferation of mesangial cells occurring in IgA nephropathy. Many of the beneficial effects obtained occur independent of reduced cholesterol levels because statins can directly inhibit the proliferation of different cell types (e.g., mesangial, renal tubular, and vascular smooth muscle cells), and can also modulate the inflammatory response, thus inhibiting macrophage recruitment and activation, as well as fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying the action of statins are not yet well understood, although recent data in the literature indicate that they can directly affect the proliferation/apoptosis balance, the down‐regulation of inflammatory chemokines, and the cytogenic messages mediated by the GTPases Ras superfamily. Therefore, as well as reducing serum lipids, statins and other lipid‐lowering agents may directly influence intracellular signaling pathways involved in the prenylation of low molecular weight proteins that play a crucial role in cell signal transduction and cell activation. Statins appear to have important potential in the treatment of progressive renal disease, although further studies are required to confirm this in humans. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 1, 76–84, 2002
A novel dual‐band printed inverted‐F antenna
Authors: Kuo Yen‐Liang , Chiou Tzung‐Wern , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel dual‐band printed inverted‐F antenna, and a constructed prototype suitable for applications in the WLAN (2400–2484 MHz) and HIPERLAN (5150–5350 MHz) systems is presented. The antenna consists of two stacked inverted‐F strips printed on a dielectric substrate, and sharing a common shorting pin which short circuits the two strips to the ground plane on the other side of the dielectric substrate. The proposed antenna can easily be fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line printed on the same substrate. Details of the proposed antenna and experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 353–355, 2001.
An experimental analysis of the advantages of polarization diversity in indoor scenarios at 1.8 and 2.5 GHz
Authors: Loredo Susana , Torres Rafael P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis letter presents the results of a set of measurements carried out in order to research the behavior of a scheme of polarization diversity in indoor environments in the 1.8 and 2.5 GHz bands. To this end, parameters such as the cross‐correlation coefficient and the cross‐polarization discrimination between the individual signals received in each of the combiner branches are analyzed. By simulating various types of combiners, it is also possible analyze the improvement produced by the combination in the statistical behavior of the signal, and the decrease of the bit‐error rate after the combination. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 355–361, 2001.
E‐polarized beam scattering by an open cylindrical PEC strip having an arbitrary “conical‐section” profile
Authors: Oğuzer Taner , Nosich Alexander I. , Altintaş Ayhan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2‐D) scattering of waves by a conducting strip with a canonical profile is simulated in theE‐polarization case. This analysis is performed by reducing a singular integral equation (IE) to the dual‐series equations, and making their analytical regularization. Furthermore, the incident field is taken as a complex source point (CSP) beam. This is an extension of our previous studies about circular and parabolic reflector antennas. The algorithm features are demonstrated. Far‐field characteristics are presented for quite large‐size curves strips of elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic profiles. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 480–484, 2001.