bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversion In Vivo after Inoculation of a Molecular Proviral DNA Clone of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus with a Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Escape Mutation
Authors: Kobayashi Masahiro , Igarashi Hiroko , Takeda Akiko , Kato Moriaki , Matano Tetsuro 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT
Vaccine-based control of the replication of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), SIVmac239, in macaques has recently been shown. In the process of the control, a mutant virus escaping from epitope-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses was rapidly selected and contained. In this study, we show that the wild-type virus appeared and became predominant in the absence of the epitope-specific CTL after inoculation of naive macaques with a molecular clone DNA of the CTL escape mutant SIV. This is the first report describing reversion in vivo from an inoculated, molecular proviral DNA clone of immunodeficiency virus with a CTL escape mutation.
Long-Term Presence of Virus-Specific Plasma Cells in Sensory Ganglia and Spinal Cord following Intravaginal Inoculation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Authors: Milligan Gregg N. , Meador Michael G. , Chu Chin-Fun , Young Christal G. , Martin Talitha L. , Bourne Nigel 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe tissue sites of long-term herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-specific antibody production in mice and guinea pigs were identified. In addition to secondary lymphoid tissue and bone marrow, HSV-specific plasma cells were detected in spinal cords of mice up to 10 months after intravaginal inoculation with a thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-2 strain and in lumbosacral ganglia and spinal cords of guinea pigs inoculated with HSV-2 strain MS. The long-term retention of virus-specific plasma cells in the peripheral and central nervous systems following HSV infection may be important for resistance to reinfection of neuronal tissues or may play a role in modulation of reactivation from latency.
Importin 7 May Be Dispensable for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Primary Macrophages
Authors: Zielske Steven P. , Stevenson Mario 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT
In an in vitro assay employing reconstituted nuclei, importin 7 (IPO7) has been implicated in nuclear translocation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cDNA. Using RNA interference technology, we inhibited expression of IPO7 by 80 to 95% in primary macrophages and in HeLa cells and monitored their ability to support HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cDNA synthesis, nuclear translocation, and infection efficiency. Marked IPO7 deficiency did not alter the rate or extent of HIV-1 or SIV cDNA synthesis or nuclear translocation. The infection efficiency of HIV-1 was similarly unaltered. Therefore, in natural, nondividing targets of HIV-1, IPO7 may be dispensable for infection.
IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS: RADIAL APPROACH TO CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE IN CONJUNCTION WITH THUMB CARPOMETACARPAL ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Tsai Tsu-Min , Laurentin-Perez Luis A. , Wong Michael S. , Tamai Makoto 
Published: August 2005

Several authors have written about the co-existence of thumb carpometacarpal arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome, and 4% to 43% of patients undergoing thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty also have a carpal tunnel release. Some authors advocate that carpal tunnel release and thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty should be performed at the same time. We perform a combined thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty and radial approach carpal tunnel release through a single incision. The purposes of this study are to (1) determine the safety of this approach and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in decreasing the pain and numbness observed prior to surgery.Eight patients had combined thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty and radial approach carpal tunnel release. With an average follow up of 14 weeks, all patients reported an improvement in pain and numbness. No nerve injuries occurred, and no difficulty in wrist flexion was observed. One patient had pillar pain persisting at 19 weeks follow-up. One patient had basilar thumb pain at 19 weeks, though this was improved over pre-operative levels.
Does Doctrine Still Divide?
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAgainst an old adage that ‘doctrine divides, service unites’, this article argues that all features of the ecumenical enterprise - evangelistic, humanitarian, moral, liturgical, sacramental, ecclesiological - bear a doctrinal dimension; the point is to discern and foster the unity in doctrine that is necessary to their pursuit. Twentieth-century doctrinal dialogues are surveyed, both in the multilateral arena (notably Faith and Order’s Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry) and in some representative bilateral cases. Their achievements are measured, and the remaining (and new) issues are noted. Attention is paid to the effect of the Roman Catholic Church’s official entry into the Ecumenical Movement with the Second Vatican Council’s decree ‘ Unitatis Redintegratio’, and Pope John Paul II’s 1995 encyclical ‘ Ut Unum Sint ’ is viewed as both a recognition of a century’s progress in ecumenism and the setting of an agenda for continuing work.
Structures of Unity: The Next Ecumenical Challenge - A Possible Way Forward
Authors: Rusch William 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe modern ecumenical movement with its primary goal of the visible unity of the churches has given attention to ecclesiology. This has been true both in the work of Faith and Order and in many of the bilateral dialogues. Yet both Faith and Order and the dialogues have stated remarkably little about the structures needed for church unity. This article suggests that by building on the concept of differentiated consensus it may be possible to recognize and utilize a concept described as differentiated participation to move the churches toward greater visible unity. In conclusion some examples are given.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cardiovascular disease: insights from prospective clinical trials
Authors: Böger Rainer H 
Published: August 2005

Evidence has accumulated that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ADMA inhibits vascular NO production at concentrations found in pathophysiological conditions; it also causes local vasoconstriction when infused intra-arterially. ADMA is increased in the plasma of humans with hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic renal failure, chronic heart failure, and other clinical conditions. Increased ADMA levels are associated with reduced NO synthesis as assessed by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation or reduced NO metabolite levels. In several prospective and cross-sectional studies, ADMA has evolved as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, prospective clinical studies have suggested that it may play a role as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. Zoccali and coworkers were the first to show that elevated ADMA is associated with a three-fold increased risk of future severe cardiovascular events and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Valkonen and coworkers demonstrated in a nested case-control study that elevated ADMA was associated with a four-fold increased risk for acute coronary events in clinically healthy, nonsmoking men. In patients with stable angina pectoris, preinterventional ADMA indicates the risk of developing restenosis or severe clinical events after coronary intervention. Furthermore, in humans with no underlying cardiovascular disease who are undergoing intensive care unit treatment, ADMA is a marker of the mortality risk. A number of additional prospective clinical trials are currently under way in diverse patient populations, among them individuals with congestive heart failure, cardiac transplantation patients, and patients with pulmonary hypertension. In summary, an increasing number of prospective clinical trials have shown that the association between elevated ADMA levels and major cardiovascular events and total mortality is robust and extends to diverse patient populations. However, we need to define more clearly in the future who will profit from ADMA determination, in order to use this novel risk marker as a more specific diagnostic tool.
ADMA and oxidative stress may relate to the progression of renal disease: rationale and design of the VIVALDI study
Authors: Böger Rainer H , Schwedhelm Edzard , Maas Renke , Quispe-Bravo Sabine , Skamira Cord 
Published: August 2005

The renin angiotensin system has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular and renal sequelae of diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to exert clinical benefit by reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy. They also improve endothelium-mediated vascular function. The latter effect is partly due to the reduction of angiotensin II-associated oxidative stress. Moreover, small clinical studies have shown that treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers also reduces the circulating levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. In the VIVALDI trial, the ability of the angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan to reduce the progression of diabetic nephropathy (associated with proteinuria) in comparison with valsartan in more than 800 patients with type 2 diabetes during 1 year of treatment is being studied. In order to gain more detailed insight into the potential pathomechanisms associated with this effect, further end-points have been defined. Among these are the circulating levels of ADMA and the urinary excretion rate of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). The former is an endogenous inhibitor of NO-mediated vascular function(s) and a prospectively determined marker of major cardiovascular events and mortality; the latter is a lipid peroxidation product resulting from the nonenzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid, which exerts detrimental vascular effects similar to those of thromboxane A2. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α has been shown in clinical studies to be an independent marker of cardiovascular disease. Highlighting the effects of telmisartan on ADMA and 8-iso-PGF levels in such a large cohort of diabetic patients will enhance our understanding of the roles of dys-functional NO metabolism and redox mechanisms in the pathogenesis of end-organ damage and its prevention by pharmacotherapy with angiotensin receptor blockers.
Fabrication and Characterization of ZnS Hollow Nanostructures in Micelle System
Authors: Dong Lihong , Chu Ying , Yang Fuyong , Liu Yang , Liu Jinglin 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
ZnS hollow vessels, short tubes and hollow spheres have been fabricated in large scale by a simple micelle method. Power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates that the as-obtained product is hexagonal ZnS. Large blue shift in UV–vis spectrum suggests that the hollow nanostructures have quantum confinement effect.
A New Straightforward and Mild Preparation of Nickel(0) Nanoparticles
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Calvino José Juan , Osante Iñaki , Yus Miguel 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Very fine nickel nanoparticles with diameters of 2.5 ± 1.5 nm have been prepared by reduction of anhydrous nickel(II) chloride with lithium powder and a catalytic amount of 4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenyl (DTBB) in THF at room temperature.
An Efficient Method for the Preparation of Monoalkylated Sulfonamides from Unsubstituted Sulfonamides and Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites by Oxidation–Reduction Condensation Using Trimethylsilylmethyl Azide
Authors: Aoki Hidenori , Kuroda Kiichi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
An efficient method for monoalkylation of unsubstituted sulfonamides was established by using alkyl diphenylphosphinites, sulfonamides and trimethylsilylmethyl azide and the monoalkylated sulfonamides were afforded in good yields under neutral conditions.
Identification of Pyrolysis Reaction Model of Polypropylene
Authors: Kim Seungdo , Kim Young-Chun , Kim Young-Min , Eom Yujin 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper attempted to identify a pyrolysis reaction model of polypropylene (PP) and to elucidate its macroscopic decomposition mechanism correspondingly. Among various reaction models, we chose a reaction model that allowed the best fit to experimental reduced-time-plots (RTPs). Surprisingly, the pyrolysis reaction model of PP varies with reaction temperature within a temperature range between 683 and 738 K. At lower temperatures (683–693 K), the “contracting-cylinder” model accounts for the pyrolysis reaction of PP. Bubble nucleation may be a major reaction mechanism of PP pyrolysis at higher temperatures (728–738 K). High generation rates of volatiles lead to the accumulation of volatiles in the melt until reaching a critical concentration where bubble nucleation sets forth, thus mimicking “Avrami–Erofeev” model. Hence, the classical expression of the reaction model, f(α) = (1 − α)n, assumed by most previous studies is inappropriate for pyrolysis reaction of PP. At lower temperatures, chemical reactions may limit the pyrolysis reaction of PP, whereas at higher temperatures the rate of bubble nucleation closely related to heat, mass, and momentum transfer along with thermodynamic properties of melt may limit its pyrolysis reaction.
Corallinafuran and Corallinaether, Novel Toxic Compounds from Crustose Coralline Red Algae
Authors: Kitamura Makoto , Koyama Tomoyuki , Nakano Yoshikatsu , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Two new brominated toxic compounds, corallinafuran (1) and corallinaether (2), have been isolated from crustose coralline red algae (CCA). Their structures were elucidated based on a detailed analysis of spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed toxicity against larvae of the scleractinian coral Pseudosiderastrea tayamai, with LD99 values of 1.9 and 0.14 μg/mL, respectively.
Fabrication of Antimony Junction Nanowires in Anodic Alumina Membranes
Authors: Li Liang , Xiao Yanhe , Yang Youwen , Li Guanghai , Li Yan , Zhang Lide 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Antimony junction nanowire arrays were fabricated in the anodic alumina membranes using the pulsed electrodeposition technique for the first time. The etching period in phosphoric acid controls the diameter and the length of each segment of nanowires. The repeating times of etching and electrodeposition control the number of junction.
Cyano-bridged One-dimensional SmIII–FeIII Molecule-based Magnet with an Ordering Temperature of 3.4 K
Authors: Ge Chunhua , Kou Hui-Zhong , Ni Zhong-Hai , Jiang Yun-Bo , Zhang Li-Fang , Cui Ai-Li , Sato Osamu 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A new cynao-bridged SmIII–FeIII bimetallic coordination polymer has been prepared by the reaction of (n-Bu4N)3Fe(CN)6 and Sm(NO3)3·6H2O in a DMF–H2O media. The complex consists of alternate Sm(DMF)4(H2O)2 and Fe(CN)6 units bridged by two cis-cyano ligands to form a zigzag chain. It behaves as a molecule-based magnet with Tc = 3.4 K. At 2 K, hysteresis was observed with a coercive field of 200 Oe.
Stigma, liminality, and chronic pain: Mind–body borderlands
Authors: Jackson Jean E. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn this article, I employ the concept of “liminality” to answer the question, why is pain, something invisible and experienced by everyone, so often stigmatizing in its chronic form? Various authors' work on liminality argues that “betwixt and between,” ambiguous beings are seen by those around them to threaten prevailing definitions of the social order. I show that certain features of chronic pain result in the perception of sufferers as transgressing the categorical divisions between mind and body and as confounding the codes of morality surrounding sickness and health, turning them into liminal creatures whose uncertain ontological status provokes stigmatizing reactions in others.
Humanitarian exception as the rule: The political theology of the 1999 Tragedia in Venezuela
Authors: Fassin Didier , Vasquez Paula 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn recent years, Walter Benjamin's illumination that “the state of exception has become the rule” has been reactivated by several authors who have seen in contemporary politics a trivialization of situations of emergency. Instead of accepting prima facie the banality of the exception, we submit it to an empirical analysis to show its complexity and ambiguity. Our case study is the political management of the worst natural catastrophe in modern Venezuelan history: the 1999 Tragedia caused by massive landslides triggered by heavy rains on the same day that the country's new constitution was voted. A state of emergency was proclaimed and militarization of the disaster area followed, but instead of being feared or denounced, this governmental response appeared to be desired by the majority of the population. The army, under the leadership of President–Colonel Hugo ChÁvez, embodied the regeneration of the nation, redeemed from the corruption of the preceding regime and united through communion in solidarity with the victims. Arbitrary violence and ordinary looting eventually occurred, but the dominant moral sentiment expressed at the time was deep compassion. The 1999 Venezuelan scene is, thus, exemplary of a more general phenomenon, described by Claude Lefort as “the permanence of the theological‐political in modern democracies,” for which the humanitarian state of exception can be seen as a paradigm.
U.S. colonial law and the creation of marginalized political entities
Authors: Philips Susan U. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn this review essay, I offer a comparative perspective on books and films about the history of U.S. colonial law in Puerto Rican, Hawaiian, and North American Indian reservation contexts. The authors and filmmakers analyze the creation of marginalized political entities such as reservations and unincorporated territories with properties of sovereignty that make them different from U.S. states in their relation to the federal government. All view sovereignty as key to the maintenance of cultural identity. U.S. colonies participate in a common colonial legal discourse concerning the nature of political entities legally constituted as internal to the United States as a nation‐state.
Geologies of power: Value transformations of mineral specimens from Guanajuato, Mexico
Authors: Ferry Elizabeth Emma 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine the extraction, circulation, and use of mineral specimens from Guanajuato, Mexico. I focus on the actions through which people in Guanajuato transform minerals into social objects and people in gem fairs, museums, and mineral clubs in the United States transform them into “natural” objects. Drawing on the work of Sidney Mintz, Nancy Munn, and others, I study how people use value transformations across global commodity systems to negotiate forms of autonomy within political and economic constraints. In the social relations through which minerals come to the United States and in refashioning stones as “pristine” objects, dealers and collectors also naturalize prevailing relations of power between Latin America and the United States.
“To Play as if from the Soul of the Composer”: The Idea of the Performer in Early Romantic Aesthetics
Authors: HUNTER MARY 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPerformance discourse in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (i.e., writing about interpretative performance in treatises, reviews, dictionaries, articles, and philosophical works) is distinct from that in both earlier and later periods. Although a full early Romantic paradigm of interpretative performance, as articulated in Hegel's Aesthetics, came about piecemeal and was instantiated in different ways in different kinds of sources, the texts examined in this essay communicate two particularly salient features. These are, first, the idea that interpretative performance involves a profound spiritual transformation on the part of the performer, requiring the merging of his own soul with that of the composer; and second, the idea that performance both establishes and collapses apparently intractable dualisms. This structural feature of performance discourse, as well as its content, links the idea of performance to contemporary discussions of consciousness in such a way that performance emerges as a simulacrum of early Romantic subjectivity. At the same time, this discursive structure also finds its way into the more mundane world of pedagogy. Performance thus emerges as more central to the intellectual milieu of Romanticism than has previously been recognized. The structures of discourse established at the turn of the nineteenth century persist in classical music culture today, but devoid of their historical underpinnings.
“Oper im Kirchengewande”? Verdi's Requiem and the Anxieties of the Young German Empire
Authors: KREUZER GUNDULA 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhen, in 1874, Hans von Bülow denounced Verdi's Requiem as an “opera in ecclesiastical robes,” he perpetuated the view (previously common among German critics) that Italian music amounted to little more than Italian opera, a genre thought inferior to German music. However, this article shows that Bülow's polemic was motivated by personal resentment and far from typical of German-language responses. Partly because of Verdi's 1875 tour—during which he conducted the work in Vienna to sensational acclaim—the Requiem was widely disseminated, triggering a multifaceted discourse about genre and style, national traits, and the essence of “truly religious” music. I argue that this fervent discourse opens fresh vistas onto German musical culture and its socio-political implications after the unification of 1871. It chimed in with debates about Cecilian church-music reforms and challenged both long-cherished notions of German cultural superiority and recent attempts in Germany to bolster “cultural Protestantism.” Both foreign and popular, the Requiem thus provided a unique screen on which musical, regional, confessional, and national hostilities could be enacted. Ultimately, critics in the new German Empire grappled not only with Verdi's appearance in a new (stylistic, generic) dress but—amidst Bismarck's Kulturkampf—with the foundation of their own cultural identity in the “lesser German” nation-state.