bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in childhood and later risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A Scandinavian birth cohort study
Authors: Lerchova Tereza , Östensson Malin , Sigvardsson Ida , Størdal Ketil , Guo Annie , Mårild Karl , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRetrospective data have linked adult physical activity (PA) to reduced risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to prospectively examine the association of PA and screen time (ST) in childhood with later risk of IBD, for which data are scarce.MethodsUsing two population‐based birth cohorts (All Babies in Southeast Sweden [ABIS] and Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study [MoBa]), we retrieved parent‐reported data on PA and ST degree at ages 3 and 8 years. Data were modelled as binary (high vs. low) and numerical (hours/day) exposures. Inflammatory bowel disease was defined as ≥2 diagnostic records in national health registers. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios adjusted for potential confounding from parental IBD, country of origin, education, and smoking habits (Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)). Our 8‐year analyses included a 2‐year lag period to reduce the risk of reverse causation. Cohort‐specific estimates were pooled using random‐effects model.ResultAmong 65,978 participants from ABIS (n = 8810) and MoBa (n = 57,168) with available data, 266 developed IBD. At 3 years, children with high versus low PA had an aHR of 1.12 for IBD (95%CI = 0.87–1.43); high versus low ST showed an aHR of 0.91 (95%CI = 0.71–1.17). Conversely, at 8 years, high versus low ST was associated with increased risk of later IBD (aHR = 1.51; 95%CI = 1.02–2.25), but PA at 8 years, was not linked to IBD (aHR = 1.19; 95%CI = 0.80–1.76). Subtype‐specific analyses for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis did not differ appreciably.ConclusionAcknowledging possible confounding variables, children with high versus low ST at 8 years were at increased risk of IBD. In contrast, PA degree was not linked to IBD at any age category.
Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Kajiado Central sub‐county, Kenya
Authors: Michira Lynda , Kagira John , Maina Naomi , Waititu Keneth , Kiboi Daniel , Ongera Edidah , Ngotho Maina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundLiterature is scarce on the occurrence of bovine mastitis and antimicrobial resistance among dairy animals kept by pastoralists in the Kenya.ObjectivesA cross‐sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from dairy cattle kept by farmers in Kajiado Central sub‐county, Kenya.MethodsA total of 202 lactating cows from 40 farms were sampled. Milk from the cows was screened for SCM using the California mastitis test, and the bacteria present in the milk samples were determined using standard bacteriological methods. The sensitivity of the isolated coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus against antibiotics was tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method.ResultsThe prevalence of SCM at quarter‐ and cow‐level was 31.7% and 53%, respectively. The prevalence of SCM was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in exotic breeds of cattle and those kept under an extensive system of production. A total of 19 bacterial species were isolated with the majority being CNS (40.1%), S. aureus (15.8%) and Micrococcus spp. (10.4%). S. aureus isolates showed varied resistance to the tested antibiotics with the highest resistance being against ceftazidime (75%), amoxycillin (50%) and streptomycin (46.9%). Several S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin (34.4%) and cefoxitin (12.5%). CNSs were more resistant against ceftazidime (79.1%), amoxycillin (34.6%) and oxacillin (32.1%). Majority (92%–100%) of the Staphylococcus spp. were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin a fluoroquinolone and augmentin.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of SCM and bacteria resistant to antibiotics shows a need for animal health professionals and farmers to develop strategies for the management of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in dairy cows in the study area.
Fitting Functions to Time Series
Authors: Nicolau Andréa Puzzi , Dyson Karen , Bhandari Biplov , Saah David , Clinton Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to establish a foundation for time-series analysis of remotely sensed data, which is typically arranged as an ordered stack of images. You will be introduced to the concepts of graphing time series, using linear modeling to detrend time series, and fitting harmonic models to time-series data. At the completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform analysis of multi-temporal data for determining trend and seasonality on a per-pixel basis.
Exploring Lagged Effects in Time Series
Authors: Nicolau Andréa Puzzi , Dyson Karen , Saah David , Clinton Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we will introduce lagged effects to build on the previous work in modeling time series data. Time-lagged effects occur when an event at one point in time impacts dependent variables at a later point in time. You will be introduced to concepts of autocovariance and autocorrelation, cross-covariance and cross-correlation, and auto-regressive models. At the end of this chapter, you will be able to examine how variables relate to one another across time and to fit time series models that take into account lagged events.
Survey of Raster Datasets
Authors: Nicolau Andréa Puzzi , Dyson Karen , Saah David , Clinton Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to introduce you to the many types of collections of images available in Google Earth Engine. These include sets of individual satellite images, pre-made composites (which merge multiple individual satellite images into one composite image), classified land use and land cover (LULC) maps, weather data, and other types of datasets. If you are new to JavaScript or programming, work through Chaps. F1.0 and F1.1 first.
Monitoring Gold Mining Activity Using SAR
Authors: Villa Lucio , Novoa Sidney , Becerra Milagros , Nicolau Andréa Puzzi , Dyson Karen , Tenneson Karis , Dilger John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe expansion of gold mining has had a large impact on the rainforests of the Amazon over the last decades. To take just one example, it has affected both the biodiversity and the lives of local people in the Madre de Dios region of southeastern Peru. In this chapter, we will review a methodology developed to generate early warnings of deforestation based on the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images.
The Remote Sensing Vocabulary
Authors: Dyson Karen , Nicolau Andréa Puzzi , Saah David , Clinton Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to introduce some of the principal characteristics of remotely sensed images and how they can be examined in Earth Engine. We discuss spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and spectral resolution, along with how to access important image metadata. You will be introduced to image data from several sensors aboard various satellite platforms. At the completion of the chapter, you will be able to understand the difference between remotely sensed datasets based on these characteristics and how to choose an appropriate dataset for your analysis based on these concepts.
Groundwater Monitoring with GRACE
Authors: Purdy A. J. , Famiglietti J. S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe following tutorial details how to use observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to evaluate changes in groundwater storage for a large river basin. Here, you will learn how to apply remote sensing estimates of total water storage anomalies, land surface model output, and in situ observations to resolve groundwater storage changes in California’s Central Valley.
Mangroves
Authors: Shapiro Aurélie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMangrove ecosystems are tropical coastal forests that are adapted to saltwater environments. Their unique qualities of existing primarily in moist environments at low elevation along shorelines, lack of seasonality, and compact pattern make them relatively easy to identify in satellite images. In this chapter, we present a series of automated steps, including water masking, to extract mangroves from a fusion of optical and active radar data.
Working with GPS and Weather Data
Authors: Engelstad Peder , Carver Daniel , Young Nicholas E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate how to use Google Earth Engine as a means of associating remotely sensed data (weather observations) with open-source GPS point locations. These methods will provide a quick and easy way to access and analyze large amounts of information relative to your own research and efficiently move your data outside Earth Engine.
Contemporary Consumption of Brand Activism
Authors: Lewis Natasha , Vredenburg Jessica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen it is well-executed, evidence suggests that brand activism can create beneficial outcomes for a brand: However, effects on both the cause and the consumer are less understood. Thus, this chapter aims to better understand how consumers interpret, evaluate, and act on brand activism efforts. Through a consumer-focused lens, we seek to uncover how brand activism initiatives can best be communicated in order to encourage positive consumer sentiment in those who consume them. Focus groups were used to understand consumer interpretations of, responses to, and expectations regarding brand activism in the context of the Black Lives Matter Movement. Our findings revealed a shift in consumer expectations, with consumers looking for authentic internal commitment to support any external messaging, in order for it to be positively received. This shift in consumer expectations highlights the change in brand activism practice over the past few years: It is no longer acceptable to merely advocate for a position or raise awareness. This chapter contributes to foundational research laying the groundwork for future consumer research focusing on understanding the consumption of brand activism.
Toward a Packaging-Free Society: A Historical Journey of Institutionalization and the Way Forward
Authors: Ağlargöz Ozan , Ağlargöz Feyza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn today’s society, consumers expect products to be provided in packages. Nevertheless, this never used to be the case, and it is being argued that packageless alternatives will be developed more and more in the future. Utilizing the neo-institutionalist perspective, it is claimed that the package has been institutionalized in the extreme, thus making any thoughts of other alternatives almost impossible. However, it is asserted that packaging, as an institution, has started to be deinstitutionalized by sustainability-driven packaging-free consumption trends. This chapter reviews the essential functions and the history of packaging, the transformation of retailers due to the sustainability imperative, the zero-waste movement, and packaging-free retailing. It is then finalized with discussions on how packaging-free retailing was reborn, its obstacles, and suggestions for its future diffusion. It is concluded that an entirely packageless society would seem to be a utopia, while business-as-usual in packaging would be a bitter dystopia.
Trending Seaweed: Future Opportunities in Retail?
Authors: Fredriksson Cecilia , Merkel Annabell , Säwe Filippa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we analyze a number of challenges concerning the possibilities of seaweed reaching a larger Swedish retail market. Consumers seem to be quite open and flexible regarding the positioning of seaweed products in stores. As previous research has shown, certain consumer groups feel like taking responsibility when it comes to consuming more sustainably. These consumer groups could function as early adopters for new seaweed products and be targeted accordingly. Retailers and practitioners could help consumers to understand these new products by educating them about sustainability and providing sustainability services. Vegetarian or vegan alternatives for already-established products could be placed next to these familiar foods in order to make it easy for the consumer to understand how the new product is intended to be used, and how it fits into current cooking and eating practices. The results reveal a disparity and ambivalence in consumers’ attitudes and approaches to seaweed, paving the way for new consumer insights, retail guiding, and in-store services. We emphasize the responsibility of the retail sector in being one of the main actors introducing alternative and new food products. We also raise issues relating to communication, organization, and to how to facilitate sustainable food.
Forschungsobjekt: automatisierter Journalismus
Authors: Körner Theresa 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel Drei wird das Untersuchungsobjekt der vorliegenden Arbeit, der automatisierte Journalismus, dargestellt. Ziel des Kapitels ist es, in das Forschungsthema einzuführen, eine Systematisierung der Praxis vorzulegen sowie Anschluss an die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse zu leisten. Dazu werden zunächst die wesentlichen Bestandteile des Begriffs erläutert und der Untersuchungsgegenstand beschrieben.
Glaubwürdigkeit und Vertrauen in automatisiert generierte Nachrichtentexte: Forschungsstand zur Wahrnehmung der Lesenden
Authors: Körner Theresa 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden wird der Forschungsstand zur Wahrnehmung computergenerierter Nachrichten durch Leser:innen in einer umfassenden Literaturanalyse aufgearbeitet. Neben der Darstellung der Studienergebnisse liegt der Schwerpunkt des Kapitels auf den bisher verwendeten Studiensettings und der getesteten Variablen. Ziel ist es, eine fundierte Grundlage für die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit Vertrauensbewertungen im automatisierten Journalismus im Rahmen dieser Arbeit, aber auch für Folgestudien zu erzielen. Dazu werden aus dem bisherigen Forschungsstand Einflussfaktoren auf die Wahrnehmung computergenerierter Nachrichten und die jeweiligen Kontexte der Studien aufgearbeitet, welche die Faktoren der generalisierten Vertrauensbewertungen im Journalismus aus Kapitel 4 ergänzen.
On the importance of three-body decays of vector-like quarks
Authors: Bautista Carlos , de Lima Leonardo , D’Elia Matheus Ricardo , Savoy-Navarro Aurore 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is a common feature of vector-like extensions of the electroweak sector to have near degenerate states, such as electroweak doublets. In simplified models, it is usually assumed that these have decay widths saturated by two-body channels. As a consequence, experimental searches can be done focusing on only one of the states of the doublet. Taking as an example case the light exotic electroweak doublet present in the Minimal Composite Higgs Model, we show that including three-body decays in the pair production process makes this separation unfeasible, since both states of the doublet will be present and contribute significantly to the signal. In addition, by recasting present searches in multileptonic channels, with a simplified cut-and-count analysis, a relevant increase in discovery reach or exclusion potential is obtained; this indeed motivates a more detailed analysis. This study shows how an inclusive search strategy, taking into account both the near degeneracy and the presence of three-body decays, will have greater discovery power and be more natural from a model building perspective.
Biadjoint scalars and associahedra from residues of generalized amplitudes
Authors: Cachazo Freddy , Early Nick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the Grassmannian formulation of the S-matrix for planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills, Nk−2MHV scattering amplitudes for k negative and n − k positive helicity gluons can be expressed, by an application of the global residue theorem, as a signed sum over a collection of (k − 2)(n − k − 2)-dimensional residues. These residues are supported on certain positroid subvarieties of the Grassmannian G(k, n). In this paper, we replace the Grassmannian G(3, n) with its torus quotient, the moduli space of n points in the projective plane in general position, and planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM with generalized biadjoint scalar amplitudes $$ {m}_n^{(3)} $$

m
n

3

as introduced by Cachazo-Early-Guevara-Mizera (CEGM) [1]. Whereas in the Grassmannian formulation residues of the Parke-Taylor form correspond to individual BCFW, or on-shell diagrams, we show that each such (n − 5)-dimensional residue of $$ {m}_n^{(3)} $$

m
n

3

an entire biadjoint scalar partial amplitude $$ {m}_n^{(2)} $$

m
n

2

, that is a sum over all tree-level Feynman diagrams for a fixed planar order. We make a proposal which would do the same for k ≥ 4.
Boundaries and interfaces with localized cubic interactions in the O(N) model
Authors: Harribey Sabine , Klebanov Igor R. , Sun Zimo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We explore a new approach to boundaries and interfaces in the O(N) model where we add certain localized cubic interactions. These operators are nearly marginal when the bulk dimension is 4 − ϵ, and they explicitly break the O(N) symmetry of the bulk theory down to O(N − 1). We show that the one-loop beta functions of the cubic couplings are affected by the quartic bulk interactions. For the interfaces, we find real fixed points up to the critical value Ncrit ≈ 7, while for N > 4 there are IR stable fixed points with purely imaginary values of the cubic couplings. For the boundaries, there are real fixed points for all N, but we don’t find any purely imaginary fixed points. We also consider the theories of M pairs of symplectic fermions and one real scalar, which have quartic OSp(1|2M) invariant interactions in the bulk. We then add the Sp(2M) invariant localized cubic interactions. The beta functions for these theories are related to those in the O(N) model via the replacement of N by 1 − 2M. In the special case M = 1, there are boundary or interface fixed points that preserve the OSp(1|2) symmetry, as well as other fixed points that break it.
Operator size distribution in large N quantum mechanics of Majorana fermions
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Gu Yingfei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Under the Heisenberg evolution in chaotic quantum systems, initially simple operators evolve into complicated ones and ultimately cover the whole operator space. We study the growth of the operator “size” in this process, which is related to the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC). We derive the full time evolution of the size distribution in large N quantum mechanics of Majorana fermions. As examples, we apply the formalism to the Brownian SYK model (infinite temperature) and the large q SYK model (finite temperature).
Color-kinematics dual representations of one-loop matrix elements in the open-superstring effective action
Authors: Edison Alex , Tegevi Micah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The α′-expansion of string theory provides a rich set of higher-dimension operators, indexed by ζ values, which can be used to study color-kinematics duality and the double copy. These two powerful properties, actually first noticed in tree-level string amplitudes, simplify the construction of both gauge and gravity amplitudes. However, their applicability and limitations are not fully understood. We attempt to construct a set of color-kinematics dual numerators at one loop and four points for insertions of operator combinations corresponding to the lowest four ζ2-free operator insertions from the open superstring: ζ3, ζ5, $$ {\zeta}_3^2 $$

ζ
3
2

, and ζ7. We succeed in finding a representation for the first three in terms of box, triangle, and bubble numerators. In the case of ζ7 we find an obstruction to a fully color-dual representation related to the bubble-on-external-leg type diagrams. We discuss two paths around this obstruction, both of which signal an incompatability between color-kinematics duality and manifesting certain desired properties. Using the constructed color-dual numerators, we find two different Bern-Carrasco-Johansson double copies that produce candidate closed-string-insertion numerators. Both approaches to the double copy match the kinematics of the cuts, with relative normalization set by either summing over both double copies including degeneracy or by including an explicit prefactor on the double-copy numerator definitions.
Black hole interior Petz map reconstruction and Papadodimas-Raju proposal
Authors: Vardian Niloofar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the reconstruction of the bulk operators in AdS/CFT when the geometry contains a black hole. The black hole exterior can be mapped to the CFT via a very simple Petz map which coincides with the HKLL map reconstruction of the black hole exterior. For the interior modes of the bulk theory, using the definition of the Petz recovery channel in modular theory, we can find the mapping from the black hole interior to the dual boundary theory. In the case of the evaporating black hole, it is expected that the interior modes map to some operators that have support only on the bath system, the cavity that absorbs the Hawking radiation. The most important observation that we have here is that in the case that we have a typical black hole microstate in the bulk, the CFT dual of the interior modes that we can find using the Petz recovery channel are exactly the operators that so-called “mirror operator “ in the Papadodimas-Raju proposal. Therefore, we can interpret Papadodimas-Raju proposal as an example of the Petz map reconstruction. It may help us answer some open questions about their procedure.