bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical phenotypes of muscle and cutaneous afferent neurons in the rat trigeminal ganglion
Authors: Ambalavanar Ranjinidevi , Moritani Masayuki , Haines Ashley , Hilton Tia , Dessem Dean 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRetrograde labeling was combined with cytochemistry to investigate phenotypic differences in primary afferent neurons relaying sensory information from deep and superficial craniofacial tissues. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM) immunoreactivity and isolectin IB4, and cholera toxin B (ChTB) binding were examined for trigeminal masticatory muscle and cutaneous afferent neurons. Somata labeled from muscle were larger than cutaneous afferent neurons. Muscle afferent neurons exhibited positive staining as follows: 22% CGRP, 5% SP, 0% SOM; 18% ChTB, 5% IB4. The somata of CGRP‐ and SP‐positive muscle afferent neurons were smaller than that of the overall muscle afferent population. Size differences were not detected between IB4‐ or ChTB‐binding muscle afferent neurons and the total muscle afferent population. The following distribution was found for cutaneous afferent neurons: 26% CGRP, 7% SP, 1% SOM, 26% ChTB, 44% IB4. Cutaneous afferent neurons positive for SP were smaller, while ChTB‐binding cutaneous afferents were larger than the overall cutaneous afferent population. No size differences were found between cutaneous CGRP‐, SOM‐, or IB4‐positive neurons and the total cutaneous afferent population. Target‐specific differences exist for SOM and IB4. The percentage of cutaneous afferent neurons positive for SOM and IB4 exceeds that for SOM‐ or IB4‐positive muscle afferents. The number of retrogradely labeled neurons never differed between sexes. The percentage of retrogradely labeled muscle afferent neurons that were CGRP‐positive was greater in males than females. These data indicate the presence of phenotypic, target, and sex differences in trigeminal ganglion primary afferent neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 460:167–179, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerically exact integration of a family of axisymmetric finite elements
Authors: Price T. E. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract Axisymmetric finite element stress analysis involves repeated integration of a rational polynomial integrand. For elements near the axis of symmetry, such integrals are quasi‐singular, are difficult to integrate numerically, and can lead to significant computational errors. This paper describes a Gaussian quadrature procedure to integrate exactly, within computational limits, a class of rational polynomials over undistorted triangular and quadrilateral finite elements. The procedure's accuracy and efficiency are illustrated through a numerical example. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which color is more colorful, the lighter one or the darker one?
Authors: Cui Chengwu 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo answer a question often asked in industrial color reproduction, a series of highly chromatic color samples of the same CIELAB hue but of small variations of CIELAB chroma and lightness were prepared and scaled for perceived colorfulness. The results indicate that lightness contributes to the perceived colorfulness as defined by the observers according to their everyday color experiences. For the samples used, colorfulness can be modeled by factoring in the CIELAB L* value in addition to CIELAB C*. The results show that colorfulness, as implied in our everyday color experiences, can be a complex perceptual attribute. A newer psychophysical scaling model is also presented, since Thurstone's Case V model was shown to be inadequate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 168–174, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10142
Analysis of free‐electron lasers via FDTD method
Authors: Shiozawa Toshiyuki , Hirata Akimasa 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe free‐electron laser is a device that generates intense electromagnetic waves in the microwave to optical wave regions by converting the kinetic energy of a relativistic electron beam to that of an electromagnetic wave. In this paper, a method is reviewed for tracing in time the interaction of the electromagnetic wave and the relativistic electron beam in the free‐electron laser by means of the FDTD method. As a specific example, the oscillation and amplification characteristics of a Cherenkov laser are analyzed and the effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(5): 26–36, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10107
Numerical dispersion and stability condition of the three‐dimensional nonstandard FDTD method
Authors: Kudo Hironori , Kashiwa Tatsuya , Ohtani Tadao 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn order to reduce the phase error in FDTD analysis, the NS‐FDTD method has been conceived by Cole. However, numerical dispersion characteristics and stability condition were not presented by Cole; only the definition for cubic meshes was given. In the present paper, the three‐dimensional NS‐FDTD method is extended to rectangular meshes and the numerical dispersion characteristics and stability condition are derived. From the analysis of the stability condition, it is found that the stability condition of the present method is larger than that in the FDTD method. From the analysis of the numerical dispersion characteristics, it is shown that the method has better accuracy than the FDTD method for both cubic and rectangular meshes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(5): 66–76, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1122
Association between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and blood lipids: A common variant for a common trait?
Authors: Morabia Alfredo , Cayanis Eftihia , Costanza Michael C. , Ross Barbara M. , Bernstein Martine S. , Flaherty Maria Sol , Alvin Gabriela B. , Das Kamna , Morris Michael A. , Penchaszadeh Graciela K. , Zhang Peizen , Gilliam T. Conrad 
Published: April 2003

AbstractS447X, a serine substitution by a stop codon on base 99 of exon 9 of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene, has beneficial effects on blood lipids. Other LPL alleles are associated with lipid levels, but whether one of these variants predominates remains elusive. We performed a systematic survey to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all 10 LPL exons and flanking regions by resequencing the gene in 95 subjects. Of 24 variants, 14 were common (≥3%). We assayed the common SNPs in 186 cases with atherogenic lipid profiles (low HDL, high LDL) and 185 nonatherogenic controls (high HDL, low LDL). Only S447X and exons 6 (base +73) and 10 (base −11) were individually associated with case‐control status (P<0.05, adjusted for major nongenetic covariates with known lipid effects). There were no significant SNP×gender interactions. In adjusted multi‐SNP and haplotypic analyses, S447X was interpretable as the sole predictor, with a 2–3‐fold reduction in the odds of being atherogenic vs. nonatherogenic (adjusted OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21–0.73). S447X and base −11 of exon 10 were statistically interchangeable because they are strongly associated (r=0.92, P<0.0001), but we posit that the LPL association with lipid profile is more likely attributable to the functional S447X rather than the nonfunctional exon 10 SNP. It appears that the S447X variant of LPL may be another rare example (like APOE4, factor V‐Leiden, and PPARγ Pro12Ala) of a common variant predisposing to a common disorder. Genet Epidemiol 24:309–321, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New multivariate test for linkage, with application to pleiotropy: Fuzzy Haseman‐Elston
Authors: Kaabi Belhassen , Elston Robert C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe propose a new method of linkage analysis based on using the grade of membership scores resulting from fuzzy clustering procedures to define new dependent variables for the various Haseman‐Elston approaches. For a single continuous trait with low heritability, the aim was to identify subgroups such that the grade of membership scores to these subgroups would provide more information for linkage than the original trait. For a multivariate trait, the goal was to provide a means of data reduction and data mining. Simulation studies using continuous traits with relatively low heritability (H=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) showed that the new approach does not enhance power for a single trait. However, for a multivariate continuous trait (with three components), it is more powerful than the principal component method and more powerful than the joint linkage test proposed by Mangin et al. ([1998] Biometrics 54:88–99) when there is pleiotropy. Genet Epidemiol 24:253–264, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dual constant‐composition titration system as an in vitro resorption model for comparing dissolution rates of calcium phosphate biomaterials
Authors: Chow Laurence C. , Markovic Milenko , Takagi Shozo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIt has been postulated that the in vivo resorption rates of calcium‐phosphate bone‐graft materials are closely related to their dissolution rates in demineralizing solutions having ionic compositions mimicking the acidic environment produced by osteoclasts. Thus, it should be possible to use an in vitro model to produce dissolution‐rate data of calcium‐phosphate materials as a starting point for predicting in vivo resorption properties. Direct pH measurements of the extracellular fluid from bone‐resorbing cells showed that the pH was as low as 3. In the present study, a dual constant‐composition dissolution system was used as an in vitro resorption model to compare dissolution rates of different calcium‐phosphate materials. NIST standard reference hydroxyapatite (HA), dicalcium‐phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and calcium‐phosphate cement (CPC) discs of known dimensions (6‐mm d × 3‐mm h) were allowed to dissolve at 37 °C in a solution that had an inorganic composition similar to that of serum ([Ca] = 1.15 mmol/l; [P] = 1.2 mmol/l; [KCl] = 133 mmol/l) and a pH of 3.0. A Ca ion‐specific electrode and a pH electrode were used to control the addition of titrants to compensate for the increases in calcium and phosphate concentrations, respectively, in the demineralizing solution. The rate and stoichiometry (Ca/P molar ratio) of dissolution were obtained from the titration data. Each solid dissolved at an approximately constant rate during the dissolution process. The dissolution rates, expressed in mg cm−2 min−1, (mean ± standard deviation, n = 5) were for HA: 6.58 ± 1.22; DCPD: 21.0 ± 2.6; and CPC: 8.21 ± 0.73. DCPD dissolved three times faster than HA (p < 0.05). CPC dissolved 1.2 times faster than HA but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). This model can be used to study the rate and stoichiometry of dissolution of calcium‐phosphate bone‐graft materials and coatings under a wide range of mineral saturation conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 245–251, 2003
A practical laboratory route to the synthesis of trideuteriomethyl‐[13C] iodide
Authors: Coumbarides Gregory S. , Eames Jason , Weerasooriya Neluka 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA practical synthetic laboratory route for the synthesis of trideuteriomethyl‐[13C] iodide (13CD3I) (from tetradeuterio‐[13C]‐methanol and hydriodic acid) is described. We comment on the experimental protocol, and the use of water as an ‘additive’ to improve the synthetic yield. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient synthesis of sodium dimethylarsinate‐14C
Authors: Jagadish Bhumasamudram , Vasken Aposhian H. , Mash Eugene A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA short and efficient synthesis of sodium dimethylarsinate‐14C is described. Incorporation of the label has been achieved by methylation of methyldiiodo‐arsine with iodomethane‐14C. Product was precipitated and separated from sodium iodide by washing with acetone. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond core service
Authors: Butcher Ken , Sparks Beverley , O'Callaghan Frances 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRelational factors arising from the customer–employee interaction have been identified as important to service outcomes. This article investigates the role of social regard as demonstrated by service staff to customers, in an effort to develop an understanding of noncore service variables in customer satisfaction. Social regard is defined as the genuine respect, deference, and interest shown to the customer by the service provider such that the customer feels valued or important in the social interaction. In this study, the dimensions of the social regard construct were first clarified in a qualitative study. In a follow‐up survey of 406 customers, across the service industries of hairdressing, cafes, and naturopaths, social regard was found to have a significant influence on service encounter satisfaction. Further, social regard was shown to have a greater predictive power on satisfaction than value for money in all service industries sampled, and a greater predictive power than perceived core service quality for the sample of cafe customers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interrelationships and distinct effects of internal reference prices on perceived expensiveness and demand
Authors: Garbarino Ellen , Slonim Robert 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAlthough the role of reference prices is widely accepted, what reference price people use in what evaluation has received little attention. This article proposes that the compatibility of framing determines what reference price is used in different evaluations. Specifically, it is found that the market‐framed fair reference price determines the market‐framed perception of expensiveness and that the personally framed reservation price determines the personally framed demand. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radon: Appealing to our fears1
Authors: LaTour Michael S. , Tanner John F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis study examines the psychological response to the threat of radon gas. This study contributes new information to the theoretical literature pertaining to fear appeals in general and the threat to children from radon gas in particular. The presence or absence of children living in the home resulted in opposite effects of alternative levels of threat. Those with children in the home were more motivated to call for information simply as the result of adding a vivid “x‐ray sizzle effect” to an otherwise identical video stimulus. When the effect is not in the ad, people without children in the house were more motivated to call. Theoretical insights as to why this occurred are offered. The results also suggest arousal, attitude toward the ad, propensity toward avoidance of maladaptive behaviors, and perceived future likelihood of radon exposure also impact intent to call for more information on the radon threat. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valenced attributions and risk in new‐product decisions: How why indicates what's next
Authors: Forlani David , Walker Orville C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBased in a new‐product decision‐making context, this article poses the question, “how, and to what extent, do prior outcomes, and the reasons given to account for those outcomes, influence a marketing manager's future new‐product selection (choice) and support (dollar commitment) decisions?” The study's hypotheses are developed by integrating the motivational qualities of Weiner's attribution theory with the behavioral predictions of four popular risk perspectives: prospect theory, the hot‐hand effect, the competency hypothesis, and risk as hazard. The research question is reflected in two sets of hypotheses that experimentally examine the relationship between valenced (was the outcome good or bad) attributions (why did the outcome happen) and changes in the riskiness (chance and size of loss) of managers' new‐product introduction decisions. Three‐way interactions are found that support the study's attribution‐based framework and address predictive differences among the four risk perspectives. Implications for the theories examined and the management of the new‐product development process are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gain enhancement in L‐band gain‐flattened EDFA using a reflective‐type structure
Authors: Liang T. C. , Cheng N. J. , Hung S. C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe theoretically investigate the gain and noise figure of an L‐band gain‐flattened EDFA obtained from the one‐stage single‐pass, one‐stage double‐pass, and two‐stage double‐pass configurations. Compared to the one‐stage single‐pass scheme, the two‐stage double‐pass amplifier provides gain enhancement of about 4.2 dB without paying much noise penalty. By using the one‐stage double‐pass scheme, the gain is improved by about 4 dB. However, the noise figure was drastically degraded by >2 dB. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 393–395, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10928
Pilot study of objective cough monitoring in infants
Authors: Corrigan D.L. , Paton J.Y. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCough is common in childhood, resulting in significant morbidity and frequent medical consultation. Despite this, little is known about the frequency or development of cough, particularly in infants and young children. Recent progress in monitoring has enabled cough to be measured objectively both day and night. However, to date, objective measurement has only been used in adults and older children. The aim of this study was to see whether such methods could be extended to allow objective cough monitoring in infants. Thirty infants were recruited: 13 with coughing illnesses (group 1), and 17 normal, healthy babies (group 2) born to nonatopic, nonsmoking parents. Group 2 infants were studied when well, several times in the first year of life. Coughs were recorded using an adapted commercial cough monitor (Logan Research LR100) and simultaneous infrared video and sound recording. Thirty‐eight recordings with simultaneous cough monitor and video data were analyzed: 9 from group 1, and 29 from group 2. Overall, the sensitivity of the monitor when compared to video was 81%, with a positive predictive value of 0.8. There was good agreement between the two methods for infants with infrequent cough (<5 coughs per hour). Agreement in infants with more frequent cough was not as good, because more coughs were consistently identified by the cough monitor. The portability and small size of the cough monitor made it easy to use, although there were difficulties in keeping the leads attached in older, more mobile infants. In conclusion, objective assessment of cough is practical in infants, enabling the pattern of cough in illness and in health to be studied further. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:350–357. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and use of a pseudo‐cysteine for native chemical ligation
Authors: Alves David A. , Esser Dirk , Broadbridge Robert J. , Beevers Andrew P. G. , Chapman Christopher P. , Winsor Clare E. , Betley Jason R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe process of native chemical ligation (NCL) is well described in the literature. An N‐terminal cysteine‐containing peptide reacts with a C‐terminal thioester‐containing peptide to yield a native amide bond after transesterification and acyl transfer. An N‐terminal cysteine is required as both the N‐terminal amino function and the sidechain thiol participate in the ligation reaction. In certain circumstances it is desirable, or even imperative, that the N‐terminal region of a peptidic reaction partner remain unmodified, for instance for the retention of biological activity after ligation. This work discusses the synthesis of a pseudo‐N‐terminal cysteine building block for incorporation into peptides using standard methods of solid phase synthesis. Upon deprotection, this building block affords a de facto N‐terminal cysteine positioned on an amino acid sidechain, which is capable of undergoing native chemical ligation with a thioester. The syntheses of several peptides and structures containing this motif are detailed, their reactions discussed, and further applications of this technology proposed. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational features of a synthetic model of the first extracellular loop of the angiotensin II AT1A receptor
Authors: Nicastro Giuseppe , Peri Francesco , Franzoni Lorella , De Chiara Cesira , Sartor Giorgio , Spisni Alberto 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe angiotensin II AT1A receptor belongs to the G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Like other membrane proteins, GPCRs are not easily amenable to direct structure determination by the currently available methods. The peptide encompassing the putative first extracellular loop of AT1A (residues Thr88‐Leu100, el1) has been synthesized along with a cyclic model where the linear peptide has been covalently linked to a template designed to keep the distance between the peptide termini as expected in the receptor. The conformational features of the two molecules have been studied using circular dichroism and NMR techniques. The region W94PFG97 forms a type‐II β‐turn and undergoes a Trp‐Pro peptide bond cis‐trans isomerization in both peptides confirming that these characteristics are intrinsic to el1. In addition, the presence of the spacer seems to modulate the flexibility of the peptide. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining multiple outcome measures in a meta‐analysis: an application
Authors: Arends Lidia R. , Vokó Zoltán , Stijnen Theo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn meta‐analysis of clinical trials published in the medical literature it is customary to restrict oneself to standard univariate fixed or random effects models. If multiple endpoints are present, each endpoint is analysed separately. A few articles have been written in the statistical literature on multivariate methods for multiple outcome measures. However, these methods were not easy to apply in practice, because self‐written programs had to be used, and the examples were only two‐dimensional. In this paper we consider a meta‐analysis on the effect on stroke‐free survival of surgery compared to conservative treatment in patients with increased risk of stroke. Three summary measures per trial are available: short‐term post‐operative morbidity/mortality in the surgical group; long‐term event rate in the surgical group, and the event rate in the conservative group. We analyse the three outcomes jointly with a general linear MIXED model, compare the results with the standard univariate approaches and discuss the many advantages of multivariate modelling. It turns out that the general linear MIXED model is a very convenient framework for multivariate meta‐analysis. All analyses could be carried out in standard general linear MIXED model software. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated population‐averaged approach to the design, analysis and sample size determination of cluster‐unit trials
Authors: Preisser John S. , Young Mary L. , Zaccaro Daniel J. , Wolfson Mark 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWhile the mixed model approach to cluster randomization trials is relatively well developed, there has been less attention given to the design and analysis of population‐averaged models for randomized and non‐randomized cluster trials. We provide novel implementations of familiar methods to meet these needs. A design strategy that selects matching control communities based upon propensity scores, a statistical analysis plan for dichotomous outcomes based upon generalized estimating equations (GEE) with a design‐based working correlation matrix, and new sample size formulae are applied to a large non‐randomized study to reduce underage drinking. The statistical power calculations, based upon Wald tests for summary statistics, are special cases of a general power method for GEE. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.