bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Approach to Language Revitalisation: Revival of Aanaar Saami
Authors: Mettovaara Jukka , Ylikoski Jussi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAanaar Saami is an indigenous language spoken by an estimated 400 people mainly around Lake Aanaar in Northern Finland. Within the past three decades, the once critically endangered language has acquired dozens of new speakers. This study provides a novel overview of the recent development of Aanaar Saami by combining a structural perspective to language change and an analysis of language ideologies behind probably one of the most successful language revitalisation projects in Europe. As for the ideological themes pertaining to Finnish influence on Aanaar Saami, it is possible to identify four recurring themes in the literature: (1) good vs. poor language, (2) language competence, (3) institutional domain, and (4) tolerance. The revitalisation of Aanaar Saami shows that even large-scale contact-induced changes need not result in a loss of linguistic or cultural identity among minority language speakers.
Non-invertible duality defect and non-commutative fusion algebra
Authors: Nagoya Yuta , Shimamori Soichiro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study non-invertible duality symmetries by gauging a diagonal subgroup of a non-anomalous U(1)×U(1) global symmetry. In particular, we employ the half-space gauging to c = 2 bosonic torus conformal field theory (CFT) in two dimensions and pure U(1)×U(1) gauge theory in four dimensions. In c = 2 bosonic torus CFT, we show that the non-invertible symmetry obtained from the diagonal gauging becomes emergent on an irrational CFT point. We also calculate the fusion rules concerning the duality defect. We find out that the fusion algebra is non-commutative. We also obtain a similar result in pure U(1)×U(1) gauge theory in four dimensions.
Trace anomaly of weyl fermions via the path integral
Authors: Larue Rémy , Quevillon Jérémie , Zwicky Roman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We compute the trace, diffeomorphism and Lorentz anomalies of a free Weyl fermion in a gravitational background field by path integral methods. This is achieved by regularising the variation of the determinant of the Weyl operator building on earlier work by Leutwyler. The trace anomaly is found to be one half of the one of a Dirac fermion. Most importantly we establish that the potential parity-odd curvature term $$ R\overset{\sim }{R} $$
R

R
~

, corresponding to the Pontryagin density, vanishes. This is to the contrary of some recent findings in the literature which gave rise to a controversy. We verify, that the regularisation does not lead to (spurious) anomalies in the Lorentz and diffeomorphism symmetries. We argue that in d = 2 (mod 4) P- and CP-odd terms cannot appear and that for d = 4 (mod 4) they are absent at least at leading order.
Resolving the muon g − 2 tension through Z′-induced modifications to σhad
Authors: Coyle Nina M. , Wagner Carlos E. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The QED hadronic vacuum polarization function plays an important role in the determination of precision electroweak observables and of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. These contributions have been computed from data, by means of dispersion relations affecting the electron positron hadronic cross sections, or by first principle lattice-QCD computations in the Standard Model. Today there is a discrepancy between the two approaches for determining these contributions, which affects the comparison of the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with the theoretical predictions. In this article, we revisit the idea that this discrepancy may be explained by the presence of a new light gauge boson that couples to the first generation quark and leptons and has a mass below the GeV scale. We discuss the requirements for its consistency with observations and the phenomenological implications of such a gauge extension.
Quantum complexity and bulk timelike singularities
Authors: Katoch Gaurav , Ren Jie , Roy Shubho R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Quantum complexity has already shed light on CFT states dual to bulk geometries containing spacelike singularities [1–3]. In this work, we turn our attention to the quantum complexity of CFT/quantum gravity states which are dual to bulk geometries containing a naked timelike singularity. The appearance of naked timelike singularities in semiclassical gravity is allowed in string theory, particularly in the context of holography, so long as they satisfy the Gubser criterion [4, 5] — those naked timelike singularities which arise as the extremal limits of geometries containing cloaked singularities are admissible. In this work, we use holographic complexity as a probe on geometries containing naked timelike singularities and explore potential relation to the Gubser criterion for detecting allowable naked timelike singularities. We study three specific cases of naked timelike singularities, namely the negative mass Schwarzschild-AdS spacetime, the timelike Kasner-AdS [6] and Einstein-dilaton system [7]. The first two cases are outright ruled out by the Gubser criterion while the third case is more subtle — according to the Gubser criterion the singularity switches from forbidden to admissible as the parameter α is dialed in the range [0, 1] across the transition point at $$ \alpha =1/\sqrt{3} $$
α
=
1
/

3

. We probe all three geometries using two holographic complexity prescriptions, namely CA and CV. For the case of the negative mass SAdS and timelike Kasner-AdS4 the complexities display no sign of pathology (both receive finite contribution from the naked singularity). For the Einstein-Dilaton case, action-complexity does display a sharp transition from physical positive values to patholgical negative divergent values (arising from the singularity) as one transcends the Gubser bound. Our study suggests that neither action-complexity (CA) nor volume-complexity (CV) can serve as a sensitive tool to investigate (naked) timelike singularities.
Indazole derivatives as novel inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase
Authors: Stear Chezélle , Petzer Anél , Crous Chantalle , Petzer Jacobus P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes metabolize neurotransmitter amines in the peripheral and central tissues, and inhibitors of these enzymes find application in the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Based on reports that the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, inhibits the MAO-B isoform, the present study investigated the MAO inhibition potencies of a synthetic series of fifteen C5- and C6-substituted indazole derivatives. While only one derivative (5c) was a submicromolar inhibitor of human MAO-A (IC50 = 0.745 µM), all compounds inhibited human MAO-B with submicromolar IC50 values. Substitution on C5 of indazole yielded particularly potent MAO-B inhibition with IC50 values that ranged from 0.0025–0.024 µM. Further investigation of a selected indazole derivative showed a competitive mode of MAO inhibition. To further explore the pharmacological properties of the indazole derivatives, they were also evaluated as potential inhibitors of porcine D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). None of the synthetic compounds were noteworthy DAAO inhibitors, however, 1H-indazol-5-ol, a synthetic precursor, was found to be a good potency inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.03 µM.
Influence of pre-treatment using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet on aluminum alloy A1050 to PEEK direct joining with hot-pressing process
Authors: Takenaka Kosuke , Jinda Akiya , Nakamoto Soutaro , Koyari Ryosuke , Toko Susumu , Uchida Giichiro , Setsuhara Yuichi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract Aluminum alloy A1050 to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) direct joining with hot-pressing process via pre-treatment using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet has been performed. The effect of plasma irradiation on the tensile shear strength of A1050-PEEK direct bonded specimens joined by a combination of hot-pressing process and pre-plasma treatment using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet was investigated. A1050-PEEK bonded samples with plasma-treated PEEK only showed high tensile shear stress of 13.4 MPa. This increase in tensile shear strength is attributed to the addition of oxygen functional groups on the surface of the PEEK by reactive oxygen species produced by the plasma jet.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of apixaban to predict exposure in populations with hepatic and renal impairment and elderly populations
Authors: Xu Yichao , Zhang Lei , Dou Xiaofan , Dong Yongze , Guo Xiangchai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Apixaban is a factor Xa inhibitor with a limited therapeutic index that belongs to the family of oral direct anticoagulants. The pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of apixaban may be altered in elderly populations and populations with renal or hepatic impairment, necessitating dosage adjustments.

Methods
This study was conducted to examine how the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describes the PKs of apixaban in adult and elderly populations and to determine the PKs of apixaban in elderly populations with renal and hepatic impairment. After PBPK models were constructed using the reported physicochemical properties of apixaban and clinical data, they were validated using data from clinical studies involving various dose ranges. Comparing predicted and observed blood concentration data and PK parameters was utilized to evaluate the model’s fit performance.

Results
Doses should be reduced to approximately 70% of the healthy adult population for the healthy elderly population to achieve the same PK exposure; approximately 88%, 71%, and 89% of that for the elderly populations with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively; and approximately 96%, 81%, and 58% of that for the Child Pugh-A, Child Pugh-B, and Child Pugh-C hepatic impairment elderly populations, respectively to achieve the same PK exposure.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that the renal and hepatic function might be considered for apixaban therapy in Chinese elderly patients and the PBPK model can be used to optimize dosage regimens for specific populations.
Using the softplus function to construct alternative link functions in generalized linear models and beyond
Authors: Wiemann Paul F. V. , Kneib Thomas , Hambuckers Julien 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResponse functions that link regression predictors to properties of the response distribution are fundamental components in many statistical models. However, the choice of these functions is typically based on the domain of the modeled quantities and is usually not further scrutinized. For example, the exponential response function is often assumed for parameters restricted to be positive, although it implies a multiplicative model, which is not necessarily desirable or adequate. Consequently, applied researchers might face misleading results when relying on such defaults. For parameters restricted to be positive, we propose to construct alternative response functions based on the softplus function. These response functions are differentiable and correspond closely to the identity function for positive values of the regression predictor implying a quasi-additive model. Consequently, the proposed response functions allow for an additive interpretation of the estimated effects by practitioners and can be a better fit in certain data situations. We study the properties of the newly constructed response functions and demonstrate the applicability in the context of count data regression and Bayesian distributional regression. We contrast our approach to the commonly used exponential response function.
2023 Updated MASCC/ESMO Consensus Recommendations: prevention of radiotherapy- and chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: Ruhlmann Christina H. , Jordan Karin , Jahn Franziska , Maranzano Ernesto , Molassiotis Alex , Dennis Kristopher 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV and C-RINV) are common and distressing, and there is a need for guidance for clinicians to provide up to date optimal antiemetic prophylaxis and treatment. Through a comprehensive review of the literature concerning RINV and C-RINV, this manuscript aims to update the evidence for antiemetic prophylaxis and rescue therapy and provide a new edition of recommendations for the MASCC/ESMO antiemetic guidelines for RINV and C-RINV.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature including data published from May 1, 2015, to January 31, 2023, was performed. All authors assessed the literature.

Results
The searches yielded 343 references; 37 met criteria for full article review, and 20 were ultimately retained. Only one randomized study in chemoradiation had the impact to provide new recommendations for the antiemetic guideline. Based on expert consensus, it was decided to change the recommendation for the “low emetic risk” category from “prophylaxis or rescue” to “rescue” only, while the drugs of choice remain unchanged.

Conclusion
As for the previous guideline, the serotonin receptor antagonists are still the cornerstone in antiemetic prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by high and moderate emetic risk radiotherapy. The guideline update provides new recommendation for the management of C-RINV for radiotherapy and concomitant weekly cisplatin. To avoid overtreatment, antiemetic prophylaxis is no longer recommended for the “low emetic risk” category.
The geometry of risk adjustments
Authors: Bermin Hans-Peter , Holm Magnus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a geometric approach to portfolio theory with a focus on risk-adjusted returns, in particular Jensen’s alpha. We find that while the alpha/beta approach has severe limitations, especially in higher dimensions, only minor conceptual modifications (e.g., using orthogonal Sharpe ratios rather than risk-adjusted returns) are needed to identify the efficient trading strategies. We further show that, in a complete market, the so-called market price of risk vector is identical to the growth optimal Kelly vector, albeit expressed in coordinates of a different basis. This implies that a derivative, having an orthogonal Sharpe ratio of zero, has a price given by the minimal martingale measure.
Insight into Automatic Image Diagnosis of Ear Conditions Based on Optimized Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Afify Heba M. , Mohammed Kamel K. , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExamining otoscopic images for ear diseases is necessary when the clinical diagnosis of ear diseases extracted from the knowledge of otolaryngologists is limited. Improved diagnosis approaches based on otoscopic image processing are urgently needed. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been carried out for medical diagnosis to obtain higher accuracy than standard machine learning algorithms and specialists' expertise. Therefore, the proposed approach involves using the Bayesian hyperparameter optimization with the CNN architecture for automatic diagnosis of ear imagery database including four classes: normal, myringosclerosis, earwax plug, and chronic otitis media (COM). The suggested approach was trained using 616 otoscopic images, and the performance of this approach was assessed using 264 testing images. In this paper, the performance of ear disease classification was compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). The results produced a classification accuracy of 98.10%, a sensitivity of 98.11%, a specificity of 99.36%, and a PPV of 98.10%. Finally, the suggested approach demonstrates how to locate optimal CNN hyperparameters for accurate diagnosis of ear diseases while taking time into account. As a result, the usefulness and dependability of the suggested approach will lead to the establishment of an automated tool for better categorization and prediction of different ear diseases.
Co-benefits as a rationale and co-benefits as a factor for urban climate action: linking air quality and emission reductions in Moscow, Paris, and Montreal
Authors: Roggero Matteo , Gotgelf Anastasiia , Eisenack Klaus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIf local governments reduce greenhouse gas emissions, they will not see effects unless a very large number of other actors do the same. However, reducing greenhouse gas emissions can have multiple local “co-benefits” (improved air quality, energy savings, even energy security), creating incentives for local governments to reduce emissions—if just for the local side-effects of doing so. Available empirical research yet shows a large gap between co-benefits as a rationale and an explanatory factor for climate mitigation by local governments: co-benefits are seemingly very large, but do not seem to drive local mitigation efforts. Relying on policy documents, available research, and other written sources, the present paper consists of a multiple case study addressing the link between co-benefits and climate mitigation in Moscow, Paris, and Montreal. Air quality plays a very different role in each case, ranging from a key driver of mitigation to a liability for local climate action. This heterogeneity of mechanisms in place emerges as a likely explanation for the lack of a clear empirical link between co-benefits and local mitigation in the literature. We finally discuss implications for urban climate action policy and research.
Stable Colloidal Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A New Green Nanofertilizer and Therapeutic Nutrient for Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Abdelaziz Amer M. , Rizk Samar H. , Tolba Mahmoud M. , Attia Mohamed S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCultivating crops often presents numerous challenges, including resource loss such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as the spread and escalation of infections. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to enhance plant immunity and resolve agricultural issues. In this study, in order to preventFusarium-wilt disease in eggplants, we concentrated on the simple manufacture of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs) as a promising nanofertilizers. To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic resistance (SR) development, we evaluated markers of metabolic resistance, photosynthetic pigments, plant protection, and disease index (DI). Positively, Fe2O3NPs exhibit significant antifungal activity againstFusarium oxysporum. However, when applied at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, Fe2O3NPs proved to be the most effective treatment, reducing the percent disease index (PDI) from 82.5% in infected control plants to 22.5%. Similar results were observed with a concentration of 10 µg/mL Fe2O3NPs. In both healthy and diseaseed plants, Fe2O3NP treatments also showed beneficial effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, and photosynthetic pigments. Notably, compared to untreatedFusarium-infected plants, the application of Fe2O3NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL significantly increased the levels of osmolyte, comprising soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein, by 32.88%, 47.09%, and 31.34%, respectively. Furthermore, in both healthy and diseased eggplants, Fe2O3NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL increased the levels of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Overall, our research findings indicates that Fe2O3NPs can successfully decreased the harmful effects thatF. oxysporumcauses to infected eggplants. With their promising therapeutic potential, these nanoparticles provide a secure and effective substitute for chemical fungicides in the management ofFusariumwilt disease.
Hybrid hierarchical aggregation with semi dynamic optical line terminal distribution algorithms optimization for ethernet passive optical networks
Authors: Abdallah Khaled Farouk , Hussein Mohamed , Aly Moustafa H. , Azim Mohamed Abdel , Taleb Ahmed Mohamed Abo , Maher Mohammad A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe goal of hybrid fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) access networks is to ubiquitously integrate the accessible vast amounts of optical network bandwidth with wireless network mobility at minimal cost and simple network installation. Fi-Wi networks can employ both Radio over Fiber (RoF) and Radio and Fiber (R&F) technologies. The difference between them is that R&F uses two MAC controls: one for optical fiber and one for wireless networks. One can reduce interference within the wireless subnetwork while avoiding the negative effects of fiber optic propagation delays on the network. RoF, on the other hand, uses MAC control for both optical and wireless networks, resulting in network latency and congestion. This paper demonstrates (i) the use of semi-dynamic bandwidth allocation and (ii) the use of hierarchical frame aggregation for access in next-level integrated Ethernet passive optical network EPON/WLAN-based generations and presents the ongoing research to improve the Quality of Service in wireless and fiber access networks. The study includes an offered load up to 10 Gbps, reaching the up-to-date levels. The obtained results reveal that the data, voice, and video latency are reduced, respectively, by 35%, 25%, and 30%. At the same time, the corresponding throughput is increased, respectively, for data, voice, and video by 35%, 25%, and 30%.
Capturing and Developing Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Sustainable Development Using Content Representation and Video-Based Reflection
Authors: Forsler Annika , Nilsson Pernilla , Walan Susanne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on how science teachers’ Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) can be captured and developed with the support of Content representation (CoRe) in combination with video-based reflection when they plan, teach, and reflect on their teaching in sustainable development (SD). The theoretical framework is based on PCK, and the Refined consensus model (RCM) is used as a theoretical lens for conceptualising links between teaching practice and PCK development. Eleven upper-secondary school science teachers participated in the study. Data from two teachers were chosen to illustrate representative examples from the analysis. The findings indicate that the use of CoRe and video-based reflection provides opportunities for teachers to make their knowledge of practice explicit and help them begin to identify aspects within their own practice that are important for the further development of teaching SD. The use of RCM as an analytical tool also makes an important contribution to how RCM can be used to identify and capture teachers’ PCK.
Low-density parity-check codes: tracking non-stationary channel noise using sequential variational Bayesian estimates
Authors: du Toit J. , du Preez J. , Wolhuter R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a sequential Bayesian learning method for tracking non-stationary signal-to-noise ratios in low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by way of probabilistic graphical models. We represent the LDPC code as a cluster graph using a general purpose cluster graph construction algorithm called the layered trees running intersection property (LTRIP) algorithm. The channel noise estimator is a global gamma cluster, which we extend to allow for Bayesian tracking of non-stationary noise variation. We evaluate our proposed model on real-world 5G drive-test data. Our results show that our model can track non-stationary channel noise accurately while adding performance benefits to the LDPC code, which outperforms an LDPC code with a fixed stationary knowledge of the actual channel noise.