bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ill child among mid‐Holocene foragers of Southern Africa
Authors: Pfeiffer Susan , Crowder Christian 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe skeletal remains of an infant from a southwest South African rock shelter at Byneskranskop show pervasive abnormalities that are consistent with the effects of hypertrophic (hyperplastic) rickets. Diagnostic features include beading of the costochondral junctions of the ribs, flaring and tilting of the metaphyses, and cupping of the distal ulna, as well as general skeletal hypertrophy. With an uncalibrated accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon date of 4820 ± 90 BP (TO‐9531), this is a very early instance of the condition, among foragers whose environment and diet make dietary shortages of active vitamin D or dietary calcium improbable. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios indicate a mixed diet, including marine as well as terrestrial protein. Solicitous care maintained the sick infant to an estimated age of 3.5–5 months; it was buried in a manner like that of other deceased group members. This case suggests that if infanticide was practiced, it was an option only during the immediate perinatal period, when this infant would have appeared normal. This is consistent with documentation of infanticide practices among historic foragers from southern Africa. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secular change in body height and cephalic index of Croatian medical students (University of Rijeka)
Authors: Buretić‐Tomljanović Alena , Ristić Smiljana , Brajenović‐Milić Bojana , Ostojić Saša , Gombač Elena , Kapović Miljenko 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn investigation of body height and cephalic measurements was performed among five groups of first‐year medical students of the University of Rijeka School of Medicine (Rijeka, Croatia). Body height and different cephalic measurements showed normal distribution, both in male and female students. Differences between measured variables were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. No significant difference with regard to year of birth was found in either males or females. The cephalic index showed no statistically significant difference between sexes or with regard to body height, while head breadth and length correlated significantly with birth year and body height, both in males and females. Head breadth decreased within the study period, while head length increased. Results were compared with those of similar studies from the mid‐20th century. Student's t‐test showed a significant change of cephalic indices and other head measurements, but not of body height, in males. The frequency difference between various head shapes was tested using the chi‐square test. A significant increase of dolichocephalic and mesocephalic and a significant decrease of brachycephalic head shape were found in both sexes. These results suggest a continuity of the debrachycephalization process observed in our population at the past midcentury. Am J Phys Anthropol 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone protects proteins over thousands of years: Extraction, analysis, and interpretation of extracellular matrix proteins in archeological skeletal remains
Authors: Schmidt‐Schultz Tyede H. , Schultz Michael 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn a good state of preservation, bone conserves the entire protein pattern of extracellular bone matrix proteins over thousands of years. The quality of the profiles of matrix proteins isolated from ancient bones (ranging from the pre‐Pottery Neolithic Phase to Early Modern Times from different archaeological sites in different geographical areas), separated by electrophoresis, is as good as those from recent bones. Molecules arising from collagenous proteins (e.g., collagen type I), from the noncollagenous group (e.g., osteonectin), and from the immune system (e.g., immunoglobulin G) were identified in Western blots by specific antibodies. A comparative study of the immunoglobulin G content of the bones of five prehistoric children showed the lowest immunoglobulin G content in a child who suffered from chronic scurvy. Ancient bone proteins were also separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. This technique makes fractionation of the complex protein mixtures of extracellular bone matrix more reproducible. Bone retains a chemical memory of earlier metabolic stimuli in its configuration of collagenous and noncollagenous proteins. In combination with the results of the microscopic examination of ancient bone, it should be possible to obtain more reliable information on the history and the evolution of diseases, based on analysis of intact proteins. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adolescents with learning disabilities who show sexually inappropriate or abusive behaviours: development of a research study
Authors: Fyson Rachel , Eadie Tina , Cooke Pam 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper sets out some key issues regarding sexual abuse perpetrated by adolescents with a learning disability. The limited evidence currently available is largely anecdotal or from small‐scale/case studies, but emphasizes that much behaviour of this kind never comes to the attention of either statutory social services or the criminal justice system. It is argued here that statutory services should be involved in such cases in order both to protect potential victims and to improve the ongoing life chances of alleged perpetrators. Speciﬁcally, it is posited that only by naming this problem can professionals hope to make effective interventions. The various organizational structures and systems adopted by four social services departments are outlined and their possible impacts on case outcomes are discussed. Little empirical research has so far been undertaken in this highly sensitive area, but an initiative from The Ann Craft Trust (formerly NAPSAC) aims to provide new evidence to help shape future best practice in this ﬁeld. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying abused children using assessments and observations in the classroom: a preliminary study
Authors: Veltman Marijcke W. M. , Browne Kevin D. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe paper presents two pilot studies that attempt to identify maltreated children in the classroom. The aim of pilot study 1 was to determine whether six British physically abused children performed signiﬁcantly worse than matched non‐abused children on a battery of tests and rating scales over an 18‐month period. The aim of pilot study 2 was to concurrently identify maltreated children from a classroom of children using standardized tests and observed negative behaviours. The method used in study 1 was a cross‐comparison design with six physically abused and 12 comparison children, all between 4 and 8 years old. They were assessed over 18 months at four time‐points on a battery of standardized tests and rating scales. Study 2 was based on a concurrent prediction of child abuse in a class of 30 children (18 male and 12 female) 10 years old. They were assessed on a battery of standardized assessments and by the direct observation of negative behaviour in order to predict those who were on the child protection register (CPR) for actual or suspected abuse and those who were not. The results of study 1 showed signiﬁcant differences on the teacher rating scales and on a measure of sibling dependency. Study 2 used standardized assessments and identiﬁed three of ﬁve abused children. Direct observations identiﬁed one of ﬁve abused children. These two preliminary studies suggest standardized assessments are more useful than behavioural observations in identifying abused children in the classroom setting. Further conﬁrmation is required using larger‐scale investigations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's in a name? named doctor in child protection—interpretation and implementation of the role
Authors: Polnay Janet C. , Curnock David A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractChild protection issues are reported in the media with uncomfortable regularity, highlighting that all paediatricians need to be competent in dealing with cases of child abuse. The named doctor in child protection was introduced to improve this, but implementation of the role has varied widely. This paper describes how the role of the named doctor in child protection has been put into practice in Nottingham City Hospital and discusses some of the challenges that can arise. The importance of training and audit in maintaining the quality of service for the trust is emphasized and developments for the future and important avenues for research are suggested. We have shown that with three designated sessions in a large district general hospital (without an accident and emergency department), the named doctor can combine with the named nurse to increase the awareness and effectiveness of child protection in all parts of the hospital. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bonding and attachment of Australian Aboriginal children
Authors: Yeo Soo See 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn New South Wales, Australia, there is an increasing emphasis in the children's court on bonding and attachment assessments to determine whether or not a child remains with their carers. Aboriginal children and young people are over nine times more likely than other children and young people to be in out‐of‐home care. There is a paucity of information on culturally appropriate assessments of Aboriginal children in relation to bonding and attachment. Most assessments on the Australian indigenous families are based on the dominant Australian community's perception of what constitutes competent parenting. The question arises as to whether we are making psychologically and ethically sound decisions about whether or not a child remains with their Aboriginal carers based on evidence that is culturally appropriate for Western families but culturally inappropriate for the indigenous families. It is argued that the core hypotheses of attachment theory such as caregiver sensitivity, competence and secure base have to be based on the Australian Aboriginal people's cultural values. The aims of this paper are to explore the current practice on the bonding and attachment assessment of Aboriginal children using a dynamic eco‐systemic approach in the assessment of bonding and attachment of the indigenous people, with an emphasis on the historical, cultural and spiritual contexts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biobanks for genomics and genomics for biobanks
Authors: Cambon‐Thomsen Anne , Ducournau Pascal , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Pontille David 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBiobanks include biological samples and attached databases. Human biobanks occur in research, technological development and medical activities. Population genomics is highly dependent on the availability of large biobanks. Ethical issues must be considered: protecting the rights of those people whose samples or data are in biobanks (information, autonomy, confidentiality, protection of private life), assuring the non‐commercial use of human body elements and the optimal use of samples and data. They balance other issues, such as protecting the rights of researchers and companies, allowing long‐term use of biobanks while detailed information on future uses is not available. At the level of populations, the traditional form of informed consent is challenged. Other dimensions relate to the rights of a group as such, in addition to individual rights. Conditions of return of results and/or benefit to a population need to be defined. With ‘large‐scale biobanking’ a marked trend in genomics, new societal dimensions appear, regarding communication, debate, regulation, societal control and valorization of such large biobanks. Exploring how genomics can help health sector biobanks to become more rationally constituted and exploited is an interesting perspective. For example, evaluating how genomic approaches can help in optimizing haematopoietic stem cell donor registries using new markers and high‐throughput techniques to increase immunogenetic variability in such registries is a challenge currently being addressed. Ethical issues in such contexts are important, as not only individual decisions or projects are concerned, but also national policies in the international arena and organization of democratic debate about science, medicine and society. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmental trisomy of mouse chromosome 17: introducing an alternative model of Down's syndrome
Authors: Forejt Jiri , Vacík Tomáš , Gregorová Soňa 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAll of the mouse models of human trisomy 21 syndrome that have been studied so far are based on segmental trisomies, encompassing, to a varying extent, distal chromosome 16. Their comparison with one or more unrelated and non‐overlapping segmental trisomies may help to distinguish the effects of specific triplicated genes from the phenotypes caused by less specific developmental instability mechanisms. In this paper, the Ts43H segmental trisomy of mouse chromosome 17 is presented as such an alternative model. The trisomy stretches over 32.5 Mb of proximal chromosome 17 and includes 486 genes. The triplicated interval carries seven blocks of synteny with five human chromosomes. The block syntenic to human chromosome 21 contains 20 genes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
11th Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology 2003 (ISMB 2003)
Authors: Abbott Catherine A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis report profiles the keynote talks given at ISMB03 in Brisbane, Australia by Ron Shamir, David Haussler, John Mattick, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Sydney Brenner, the Overton Prize winner, Jim Kent, and the ISCB Senior Accomplishment Awardee, David Sankov. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISMB 2003 bio‐ontologies SIG and sixth annual bio‐ontologies meeting report
Authors: Lord Phillip , Stevens Robert 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe Annual Bio‐Ontologies meeting (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/˜stevens/meeting03/) has now been running for 6 consecutive years, as a special interest group (SIG) of the much larger ISMB conference. It met in Brisbane, Australia, this summer, the first time it was held outside North America or Europe. The bio‐ontologies meeting is 1 day long and normally has around 100 attendees. This year there were many fewer, no doubt a result of the distance, global politics and SARS.The meeting consisted of a series of 30 min talks with no formal peer review or publication. Talks ranged in style from fairly formal and complete pieces of work, through works in progress, to the very informal and discursive. Each year's meeting has a theme and this year it was ‘ontologies, and text processing’. There is a tendency for those submitting talks to ignore the theme completely, but this year's theme obviously struck a chord, as half the programme was about ontologies and text analysis (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/˜stevensr/meeting03/programme.html). Despite the smaller size of the meeting, the programme was particularly strong this year, meaning that the tension between allowing time for the many excellent talks, discussion and questions from the floor was particular keenly felt. A happy problem to have! Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A molecular phylogenomic analysis of the ILR1‐like family of IAA amidohydrolase genes
Authors: Campanella James J. , Larko Daniel , Smalley John 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe ILR1‐like family of hydrolase genes was initially isolated in Arabidopsis thaliana and is thought to help regulate levels of free indole‐3‐acetic‐acid. We have investigated how this family has evolved in dicotyledon, monocotyledon and gymnosperm species by employing the GenBank and TIGR databases to retrieve orthologous genes. The relationships among these sequences were assessed employing phylogenomic analyses to examine molecular evolution and phylogeny. The members of the ILR1‐like family analysed were ILL1, ILL2, ILL3, ILL6, ILR1 and IAR3. Present evidence suggests that IAR3 has undergone the least evolution and is most conserved. This conclusion is based on IAR3 having the largest number of total interspecific orthologues, orthologous species and unique orthologues. Although less conserved than IAR3, DNA and protein sequence analyses of ILL1 and ILR1 suggest high conservation. Based on this conservation, IAR3, ILL1 and ILR1 may have had major roles in the physiological evolution of ‘higher’ plants. ILL3 is least conserved, with the fewest orthologous species and orthologues. The monocotyledonous orthologues for most family‐members examined have evolved into two separate molecular clades from dicotyledons, indicating active evolutionary change. The monocotyledon clades are: (a) those possessing a putative endoplasmic reticulum localizing signal; and (b) those that are putative cytoplasmic hydrolases. IAR3, ILL1 and ILL6 are all highly orthologous to a gene in the gymnosperm Pinus taeda, indicating an ancient enzymatic activity. No orthologues could be detected in Chlamydomonas, moss and fern databases. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steady‐state analysis of genetic regulatory networks modelled by probabilistic Boolean networks
Authors: Shmulevich Ilya , Gluhovsky Ilya , Hashimoto Ronaldo F. , Dougherty Edward R. , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2003

AbstractProbabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) have recently been introduced as a promising class of models of genetic regulatory networks. The dynamic behaviour of PBNs can be analysed in the context of Markov chains. A key goal is the determination of the steady‐state (long‐run) behaviour of a PBN by analysing the corresponding Markov chain. This allows one to compute the long‐term influence of a gene on another gene or determine the long‐term joint probabilistic behaviour of a few selected genes. Because matrix‐based methods quickly become prohibitive for large sizes of networks, we propose the use of Monte Carlo methods. However, the rate of convergence to the stationary distribution becomes a central issue. We discuss several approaches for determining the number of iterations necessary to achieve convergence of the Markov chain corresponding to a PBN. Using a recently introduced method based on the theory of two‐state Markov chains, we illustrate the approach on a sub‐network designed from human glioma gene expression data and determine the joint steady‐state probabilities for several groups of genes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and sequence of the human fast skeletal troponin T (TNNT3) gene: insight into the evolution of the gene and the origin of the developmentally regulated isoforms
Authors: Stefancsik Raymund , Randall Jeffrey D. , Mao Chengjian , Sarkar Satyapriya 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Comparative and Functional Genomics 5(2) 2004, 205.
We describe the cloning, sequencing and structure of the human fast skeletal troponin T (TNNT3) gene located on chromosome 11p15.5. The single‐copy gene encodes 19 exons and 18 introns. Eleven of these exons, 1–3, 9–15 and 18, are constitutively spliced, whereas exons 4–8 are alternatively spliced. The gene contains an additional subset of developmentally regulated and alternatively spliced exons, including a foetal exon located between exon 8 and 9 and exon 16 or α (adult) and 17 or β (foetal and neonatal). Exon phasing suggests that the majority of the alternatively spliced exons located at the 5′ end of the gene may have evolved as a result of exon shuffling, because they are of the same phase class. In contrast, the 3′ exons encoding an evolutionarily conserved heptad repeat domain, shared by both TnT and troponin I (TnI), may be remnants of an ancient ancestral gene. The sequence of the 5′ flanking region shows that the putative promoter contains motifs including binding sites for MyoD, MEF‐2 and several transcription factors which may play a role in transcriptional regulation and tissue‐specific expression of TnT. The coding region of TNNT3 exhibits strong similarity to the corresponding rat sequence. However, unlike the rat TnT gene, TNNT3 possesses two repeat regions of CCA and TC. The exclusive presence of these repetitive elements in the human gene indicates divergence in the evolutionary dynamics of mammalian TnT genes. Homologous muscle‐specific splicing enhancer motifs are present in the introns upstream and downstream of the foetal exon, and may play a role in the developmental pattern of alternative splicing of the gene. The genomic correlates of TNNT3 are relevant to our understanding of the evolution and regulation of expression of the gene, as well as the structure and function of the protein isoforms. The nucleotide sequence of TNNT3 has been submitted to EMBL/GenBank under Accession No. AF026276. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profiling on global cDNA arrays gives hints concerning potential signal transduction pathways involved in cardiac fibrosis of renal failure
Authors: Amann Kerstin , Ridinger Heidrun , Rutenberg Christiane , Ritz Eberhard , Mall Gerhard , Maercker Christian 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCardiac remodelling with interstitial fibrosis in renal failure, which so far is only poorly understood on the molecular level, was investigated in the rat model by a global gene expression profiling analysis. Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to subtotal nephrectomy (SNX) or sham operation (sham) and followed for 2 and 12 weeks, respectively. Heart‐specific gene expression profiling, with RZPD Rat Unigene‐1 cDNA arrays containing about 27 000 gene and EST sequences revealed substantial changes in gene expression in SNX compared to sham animals. Motor protein genes, growth and differentiation markers, and extracellular matrix genes were upregulated in SNX rats. Obviously, not only genes involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but also genes involved in the expansion of non‐vascular interstitial tissue are activated very early in animals with renal failure. Together with earlier findings in the SNX model, the present data suggest the hypothesis that the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) may be activated by at least two pathways: (a) via second messengers and G‐proteins (short‐term signalling); and (b) via motor proteins, actins and integrins (long‐term signalling). The study documents that complex hybridization analysis yields reproducible and promising results of patterns of gene activation pointing to signalling pathways involved in cardiac remodelling in renal failure. The complete array data are available via http://www.rzpd.de/cgi‐bin/services/exp/viewExpressionData.pl.cgi Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.