bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A natural single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the CAMTA3 transcription factor regulates its function and transcription of its target genes
Authors: Prasad Kasavajhala V. S. K. , Abdel‐Hameed Amira A. E. , Reddy Anireddy S. N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCAMTA3, a Ca2+/calmodulin‐binding transcription factor, is a key regulator of plant immunity in Arabidopsis. Here, we identified a novel naturally occurring single‐nucleotide polymorphism that results in a missense nonconservative mutation (CAMTA3H386D) in many Arabidopsis ecotypes. This region of CAMTA3 is not part of any previously characterized regulatory domains. To study the consequence of this change on the function of CAMTA3, we introduced the CAMTA3H386D into camta3, a loss‐of‐function mutant that exhibits a constitutive cell death phenotype, chlorotic lesions on leaves, and reduced plant size. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of these lines indicated that the expression of CAMTA3H386D in the camta3 mutant did not complement the mutant phenotypes. Also, the ecotypes containing the CAMTA3H386D exhibited camta3 phenotypes. Marker genes associated with salicylic acid biosynthesis and pathogen response were upregulated in the CAMTA3H386D lines and the Arabidopsis accessions 7127 (Est‐1) and 9941 (Fei‐0), as in camta3, indicating that H386D mutation alters CAMTA3 activity in regulating the expression of known target genes. In Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression assays, CAMTA3H386D failed to induce the expression of a luciferase reporter gene driven by the rapid stress‐responsive elements (RSRE) that contain the known binding sites of CAMTA3, suggesting that CAMTA3H386D mutation impairs its ability to activate its target genes. Transgenic lines and tested natural accessions expressing CAMTA3H386D showed enhanced levels of H2O2 and increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Collectively, our results indicate that the H386D mutation in a previously unknown regulatory region of CAMTA3 is essential for its function.
Exploring the barriers and facilitators of palliative care in the adult intensive care unit from nurses' perspectives in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Xie Peiying , Liu Zhili , Chen Huiyao , Wu Yanchun , Xie Peijie , Liu Hui , Ying Wenjuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care units (ICUs) in China primarily focus on active rescue efforts, and it is not common to provide palliative care services within the ICU. As nurses play a primary role as caregivers for end‐of‐life patients in the ICU, it is necessary to explore the factors that impede or facilitate palliative care from their perspective.AimTo explore the barriers and facilitators associated with implementing palliative care in Chinese adult ICUs from nurses' perspectives.Study DesignThis study utilized a descriptive phenomenological research approach and purposive sampling to conduct face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews with nurses working in adult ICUs from three comprehensive hospitals in China during the period between February and May 2023. A total of 17 nurses were interviewed, and the collected data were transcribed, coded, and synthesized thematically.ResultsTwo themes of barriers and facilitators of palliative care in the Chinese adult ICU were extracted. The three sub‐themes of hindering factors are as follows: (1) The influence of Chinese traditional culture. (2) The specificity of the ICU context. (3) Lacking sufficient attention in the ICU. The three sub‐themes of the promoting factors are as follows: (1) Government and society value palliative care. (2) Patients and their families have palliative care needs. (3) Nurses view palliative care positively.ConclusionCurrently, integrating palliative care into the ICU may face challenges such as cultural factors, the specificity of the ICU context, and insufficient attention. However, it is worth noting that as the government and society place more emphasis on palliative care, more and more people are gradually paying attention to the palliative care needs of critically ill patients and their families.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study serves as a reference for exploring an ICU palliative care service model that is suitable for China's national conditions, such as education and training, resource allocation, service processes, and the palliative care environment, among others.
Utility of irritable bowel syndrome subtypes and most troublesome symptom in predicting disease impact and burden
Authors: Khasawneh Mais , Shaikh Fahad Ali , Ng Cho Ee , Black Christopher J. , Goodoory Vivek C. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the characteristics of individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to stool subtype or the most troublesome symptom reported by the individual, or whether these are useful in predicting the impact of IBS.MethodsWe collected demographic, gastrointestinal, and psychological symptoms, healthcare usage and direct healthcare costs, impact on work and activities of daily living, and quality of life data from individuals with Rome IV‐defined IBS.Key ResultsWe recruited 752 people with Rome IV IBS. Individuals with IBS‐D reported a poorer disease‐specific quality of life than those with IBS‐C or IBS‐M (mean (SD) IBS‐QOL 45.3 (23.0) for IBS‐D, vs. 52.3 (19.9) for IBS‐C, vs. 49.4 (22.0) for IBS‐M, p = 0.005). Mean (SD) IBS‐QOL scores were also lower amongst those who reported diarrhea (44.8 (22.3)) or urgency (44.6 (22.3)) as their most troublesome symptom, compared with those reporting abdominal pain (52.2 (22.9)), constipation (49.5 (21.8)), or abdominal bloating or distension (50.4 (21.3)). However, there were no differences in mean EQ‐5D scores, IBS severity, levels of anxiety, depression, somatoform symptom‐reporting, or gastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety. Direct healthcare costs of IBS were similar across all subtypes and all most troublesome symptom groups, although some differences in work productivity and social leisure activities were detected.Conclusions and InferencesThere appears to be limited variation in the characteristics of individuals with Rome IV IBS based on both stool subtypes and most troublesome symptom reported, suggesting that gastrointestinal symptoms alone have limited ability to predict disease impact and burden.
Root phosphatase activity is coordinated with the root conservation gradient across a phosphorus gradient in a lowland tropical forest
Authors: Guilbeault‐Mayers Xavier , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: February 2024

Summary

Soil phosphorus (P) is a growth‐limiting nutrient in tropical ecosystems, driving diverse P‐acquisition strategies among plants. Particularly, mining for inorganic P through phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity is essential, given the substantial proportion of organic P in soils. Yet, the relationship between PME activity and other nutrient‐acquisition root traits remains unclear.

We measured root PME activity and commonly measured root traits, including root diameter, specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD), and nitrogen concentration ([N]) in 18 co‐occurring species across soils with varying P availability to better understand trees response to P supply.

Root [N] and RTD were inversely related, and that axis was not clearly related to soil P supply. Both traits, however, correlated positively and negatively with PME activity, which responded strongly to P supply. Conversely, root diameter was inversely related to SRL, but this axis was not related to P supply.

This pattern suggests that limiting similarity influenced variation along the diameter–SRL axis, explaining local trait diversity. Meanwhile, variation along the root [N]–RTD axis might best reflect environmental filtering. Overall, P availability indicator traits such as PME activity and root hairs only tended to be associated with these axes, highlighting limitations of these axes in describing convergent adaptations at local sites.
Oral manifestations after vaccinations: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Messina Sabrina , Natale Patrizia , Graziano Giusi , Galleggiante Sara , Strippoli Giovanni F. M. , Petruzzi Massimo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and types of oral adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) in people who received at least one dose of any type of vaccine.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a bibliographic search about oral AEFIs in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Ovid from database inception to November 07, 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using the MURAD or the Quality In Prognosis Studies tools. Random‐effects proportional meta‐analysis was applied.ResultsA total of 119 studies involving 343 people were eligible. These reported AEFIs occurred following administration of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine, anti‐influenza vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, and anti‐smallpox vaccine. The most common to be affected in vaccinated people were buccal mucosa (63.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.4–88.2) and lips (55.7%; 95% CI, 41.1–69.8). The most prevalent oral AEFIs were ulceration (55.2%; 95% CI 24.4–84.0), swelling (65.2%; 95% CI 34.9–89.8), and burning sensation (18.3%; 95% CI 7.9–31.8).ConclusionsThe mechanisms underlying oral AEFIs should be further investigated to promptly recognize oral manifestations and provide optimal management for people undergoing vaccination.
Effect of age on in‐hospital outcomes of transvenous lead extraction for infected cardiac implantable electronic device
Authors: Tan Min Choon , Ang Qi Xuan , Yeo Yong Hao , Thong Jia Yean , Tolat Aneesh , Scott Luis R. , Lee Justin Z. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe real‐world data on the safety profile of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for infected cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) among elderly patients is not well‐established. This study aimed to evaluate the hospital outcomes between patients of different age groups who underwent TLE for infected CIED.MethodUsing the Nationwide Readmissions Database, our study included patients aged ≥18 years who underwent TLE for infected CIED between 2017 and 2020. We divided the patients into four groups: Group A. Young (<50 years), Group B. Young intermediate (50–69 years old), Group C. Older intermediate (70–79 years old), and Group D. Octogenarian (≥80 years old). We then analyzed the in‐hospital outcome and 30‐day readmission between these age groups.ResultsA total of 10,928 patients who were admitted for TLE of infected CIED were included in this study: 982 (9.0%) patients in group A, 4,234 (38.7%) patients in group B, 3,204 (29.3%) patients in group C and 2,508 (23.0%) of patients in group D. Our study demonstrated that the risk of early mortality increased with older age (Group B vs. Group A: OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.19‐3.09, p < .01; Group C vs. Group A: OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.51‐4.04, p < .01; Group D vs. Group A: OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.69‐4.72, p < .01). The risk of non‐home discharge also increased in elderly groups (Group B vs. Group A: OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.52‐2.36; p < .01; Group C vs. Group A: OR: 2.82; 95% CI 2.24‐3.56; p < .01; Group D vs. Group A: OR: 4.16; 95% CI: 3.28‐5.28; p < .01). There was no significant difference in hospitalization length and 30‐day readmission between different age groups. Apart from a higher rate of open heart surgery in group A, the procedural complications were comparable between these age groups.ConclusionElderly patients had worse in‐hospital outcomes in early mortality and non‐home discharge following the TLE for infected CIED. There was no significant difference between elderly and non‐elderly groups in prolonged hospital stay and 30‐day readmission. Elderly patients did not have a higher risk of procedural complications.
Unravelling the neglected role of ultraviolet radiation on stomata: A meta‐analysis with implications for modelling ecosystem–climate interactions
Authors: Ač Alexander , Jansen Marcel A. K. , Grace John , Urban Otmar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStomata play a pivotal role in regulating gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere controlling water and carbon cycles. Accordingly, we investigated the impact of ultraviolet‐B radiation, a neglected environmental factor varying with ongoing global change, on stomatal morphology and function by a Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis. The overall UV effect at the leaf level is to decrease stomatal conductance, stomatal aperture and stomatal size, although stomatal density was increased. The significant decline in stomatal conductance is marked (6% in trees and >10% in grasses and herbs) in short‐term experiments, with more modest decreases noted in long‐term UV studies. Short‐term experiments in growth chambers are not representative of long‐term field UV effects on stomatal conductance. Important consequences of altered stomatal function are hypothesized. In the short term, UV‐mediated stomatal closure may reduce carbon uptake but also water loss through transpiration, thereby alleviating deleterious effects of drought. However, in the long term, complex changes in stomatal aperture, size, and density may reduce the carbon sequestration capacity of plants and increase vegetation and land surface temperatures, potentially exacerbating negative effects of drought and/or heatwaves. Therefore, the expected future strength of carbon sink capacity in high‐UV regions is likely overestimated.
Exogenous hydrogen sulphide promotes plant flowering through the Arabidopsis splicing factor AtU2AF65a
Authors: Ma Tian , Xu Shutian , Wang Yaqin , Zhang Liping , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Danmei , Jin Zhuping , Pei Yanxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is an important regulatory mode at the post‐transcriptional level, through which many flowering genes regulate floral transition by producing multiple transcripts, and splicing factors have essential roles in this process. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a newly found gasotransmitter that has critical physiological roles in plants, and one of its potential modes of action is via persulfidation of target proteins at specific cysteine sites. Previously, it has been shown that both the splicing factor AtU2AF65a and H2S are involved in the regulation of plant flowering. This study found that, in Arabidopsis, the promoting effect of H2S on flowering was abolished in atu2af65a‐4 mutants. Transcriptome analyses showed that when AtU2AF65a contained mutations, the regulatory function of H2S during the AS of many flowering genes (including SPA1, LUH, LUG and MAF3) was inhibited. The persulfidation assay showed that AtU2AF65a can be persulfidated by H2S, and the RNA immunoprecipitation data indicated that H2S could alter the binding affinity of AtU2AF65a to the precursor messenger RNA of the above‐mentioned flowering genes. Overall, our results suggest that H2S may regulate the AS of flowering‐related genes through persulfidation of splicing factor AtU2AF65a and thus lead to early flowering in plants.
Excited state properties of 5‐fluoro‐4‐thiouridine derivative†
Authors: Sato Rin , Yamada Yoshino , Kashihara Wataru , Nishihara Tatsuya , Tanabe Kazuhito , Xu Yao‐Zhong , Suzuki Tadashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe excited state properties of thionated 5‐fluorouridine (2′,3′,5′‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐5‐fluoro‐4‐thiouridine; ta5F4TUrd), synthesized with Lawesson's reagent, have been intensively investigated with nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, time‐resolved thermal lensing, near‐infrared emission, and quantum chemical calculation. The intrinsic triplet lifetime of ta5F4TUrd was determined to be μs in acetonitrile, and the formation quantum yield of the excited triplet state was as large as . The quenching rate constants of the triplet ta5F4TUrd by the dissolved oxygen molecule and by the self‐quenching process were found to be nearly equal to the diffusion‐controlled rate of acetonitrile. The quantum yield of the singlet molecular oxygen produced through energy transfer between the triplet ta5F4TUrd and the dissolved oxygen, , was successfully determined to be under the oxygen‐saturated condition. From the oxygen concentration dependence of the value, the fraction of triplet ta5F4TUrd quenched by dissolved oxygen which gives rise to the 1O2* formation, , was successfully obtained to be , which was the largest among the thionucleobases and the thionucleosides reported so far. This could be due to the lower energy and/or the ππ* character of the triplet state.
Academic achievement at ages 11 and 16 in children born with congenital anomalies in England: A multi‐registry linked cohort study
Authors: Glinianaia Svetlana V. , Tan Joachim , Morris Joan K. , Brigden Jo , Evans Hannah E. R. , Loane Maria , Neville Amanda J. , Rankin Judith 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren born with major congenital anomalies (CAs) have lower academic achievement compared with their peers, but the existing evidence is restricted to a number of specific CAs.ObjectivesTo investigate academic outcomes at ages 11 and 16 in children with major isolated structural CAs and children with Down or Turner syndromes.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study linked data on approximately 11,000 school‐aged children born with major CAs in 1994–2004 registered by four regional CA registries in England with education data from the National Pupil Database (NPD). The comparison group was a random sample of children without major CAs from the background population recorded in the NPD that were frequency matched (5:1) to children with CAs by birth year, sex and geographical area.ResultsOverall, 71.9%, 73.0% and 80.9% of children with isolated structural CAs achieved the expected attainment level at age 11 compared to 78.3%, 80.6% and 86.7% of the comparison group in English language, Mathematics and Science, respectively. Children with nervous system CAs as a whole had the lowest proportion who achieved the expected attainment at age 11. At age 16, 46.9% of children with CAs achieved the expected level compared to 52.5% of their peers. Major CAs were associated with being up to 9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8%, 11%) and 12% (95% CI 9%, 14%) less likely to achieve expected levels at ages 11 and 16, respectively, after adjustment for socioeconomic deprivation.ConclusionsAlthough many children with isolated CAs achieved the expected academic level at ages 11 and 16, they were at higher risk of underachievement compared to their peers. These stark yet cautiously encouraging results are important for counselling parents of children with specific CAs and also highlight the possible need for special education support to reduce potential academic difficulties.
The effectiveness of macroprudential policies in managing extreme capital flow episodes
Authors: de Villiers David , Hollander Hylton , van Lill Dawie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of a proliferation of policy tools in recent years, there is ongoing policy uncertainty surrounding the suitability of capital flow management in mitigating systemic risk and financial disruptions. We study the effectiveness of macroprudential policies in managing extreme capital flow episodes (surges, stops, flight, and retrenchment), comparing them to capital controls and foreign exchange interventions. Using propensity score matching, based on a panel of 54 countries spanning 1990Q1 to 2020Q3, we find that macroprudential policy can reduce the likelihood of extreme capital flow episodes at least as effectively as capital controls or foreign exchange interventions. Their relative effectiveness, however, varies considerably across type of instrument, proliferation of tools, country income‐development level, and type of extreme capital flow episode.
The effects of academic unprofessional behaviour on disciplinary action by medical boards: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: da Rosa Maria Inês , Ceretta Luciane Bisognin , Martins Milton Arruda , Colonetti Laura , Colonetti Tamy , Grande Antonio Jose , Tempski Patricia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the association of disciplinary actions by regulatory councils and unprofessional behaviour during medical graduation.MethodsA search strategy was developed using the terms: ‘physicians’, ‘disciplinary action’, ‘education’, ‘medical’, ‘undergraduate’ and their synonyms, subsequently applied to the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACs and grey literature, with searches up to November 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan software.ResultsA total of 400 studies were found in the databases, and 15 studies were selected for full‐texting reading. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included, bringing together a total of 3341 evaluated physicians. Three studies were included in the meta‐analysis, showing a greater chance of disciplinary actions among physicians who exhibited unprofessional behaviour during medical graduation (OR: 2.54; 95%CI: 1.87–3.44; I2: 0%; P < 0.0001; 3077 participants; physicians with disciplinary action: 107/323; control physicians: 222/2754).ConclusionsThere is a statistically significant association between unprofessional behaviour during medical undergraduate study and subsequent disciplinary actions by Medical Councils. The tools for periodic assessments of student behaviour during undergraduate studies can be a perspective for future studies aimed at reducing disciplinary actions among physicians.
The dual role of the RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED protein in the DNA damage response is coordinated by the interaction with LXCXE‐containing proteins
Authors: Zaragoza Jorge Zamora , Klap Katinka , Heidstra Renze , Zhou Wenkun , Scheres Ben 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYLiving organisms possess mechanisms to safeguard genome integrity. To avoid spreading mutations, DNA lesions are detected and cell division is temporarily arrested to allow repair mechanisms. Afterward, cells either resume division or respond to unsuccessful repair by undergoing programmed cell death (PCD). How the success rate of DNA repair connects to later cell fate decisions remains incompletely known, particularly in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED1 (RBR) protein and its partner E2FA, play both structural and transcriptional functions in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here we provide evidence that distinct RBR protein interactions with LXCXE motif‐containing proteins guide these processes. Using the N849F substitution in the RBR B‐pocket domain, which specifically disrupts binding to the LXCXE motif, we show that these interactions are dispensable in unchallenging conditions. However, N849F substitution abolishes RBR nuclear foci and promotes PCD and growth arrest upon genotoxic stress. NAC044, which promotes growth arrest and PCD, accumulates after the initial recruitment of RBR to foci and can bind non‐focalized RBR through the LXCXE motif in a phosphorylation‐independent manner, allowing interaction at different cell cycle phases. Disrupting NAC044‐RBR interaction impairs PCD, but their genetic interaction points to opposite independent roles in the regulation of PCD. The LXCXE‐binding dependency of the roles of RBR in the DDR suggests a coordinating mechanism to translate DNA repair success to cell survival. We propose that RBR and NAC044 act in two distinct DDR pathways, but interact to integrate input from both DDR pathways to decide upon an irreversible cell fate decision.