bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of ChatGPT-generated medical Arabic responses for patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A. , AlAhmed Reem S. , AlOmaim Waleed S. , Alghamdi Saad , Al-Hamoudi Waleed , Bzeizi Khalid Ibrahim , Albenmousa Ali , Aghemo Alessio , Pugliese Nicola , Hassan Cesare , Abaalkhail Faisal A. 
Published: February 2025

Background and aim
Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots, such as Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), have shown promising results in healthcare settings. These tools can help patients obtain real-time responses to queries, ensuring immediate access to relevant information. The study aimed to explore the potential use of ChatGPT-generated medical Arabic responses for patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods
An English patient questionnaire on MASLD was translated to Arabic. The Arabic questions were then entered into ChatGPT 3.5 on November 12, 2023. The responses were evaluated for accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility by 10 Saudi MASLD experts who were native Arabic speakers. Likert scales were used to evaluate: 1) Accuracy, 2) Completeness, and 3) Comprehensibility. The questions were grouped into 3 domains: (1) Specialist referral, (2) Lifestyle, and (3) Physical activity.

Results
Accuracy mean score was 4.9 ± 0.94 on a 6-point Likert scale corresponding to “Nearly all correct.” Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (KCC) ranged from 0.025 to 0.649, with a mean of 0.28, indicating moderate agreement between all 10 experts. Mean completeness score was 2.4 ± 0.53 on a 3-point Likert scale corresponding to “Comprehensive” (KCC: 0.03–0.553; mean: 0.22). Comprehensibility mean score was 2.74 ± 0.52 on a 3-point Likert scale, which indicates the responses were “Easy to understand” (KCC: 0.00–0.447; mean: 0.25).

Conclusion
MASLD experts found that ChatGPT responses were accurate, complete, and comprehensible. The results support the increasing trend of leveraging the power of AI chatbots to revolutionize the dissemination of information for patients with MASLD. However, many AI-powered chatbots require further enhancement of scientific content to avoid the risks of circulating medical misinformation.
Exploring burn first aid knowledge and water lavage practices in Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kasagga Brian , Baluku Joseph Baruch , Bongomin Felix , Kasozi Derrick , Muwanguzi Eria , Namazzi Mercy , Sadiq Yusuf , Alenyo Rose , Kalanzi Edris Wamala , Balumuka Darius , Elobu Alex Emmanuel 
Published: February 2025

Background
Low- and middle-income countries experience higher burn-related morbidity and mortality compared to high-income countries. Prehospital Burn First Aid (BFA) improves outcomes. We assessed BFA knowledge and water lavage practices and their associated factors among burn victims, caregivers, and visitors at a tertiary health facility in Uganda.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Burns Unit of Kiruddu National Referral Hospital in Kampala between 1st April 2022 and 30th November 2022. Participants included burn patients, caregivers, and hospital visitors. Data on BFA knowledge and practices were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. BFA knowledge was evaluated using 13 questions, with a ≥80% score considered adequate. Logistic regression was used to assess for associations.

Results
We enrolled 404 participants, comprising 68 (16.8%) burn victims, 161(39.9%) primary caregivers, and 175 (43.3%) hospital visitors. Overall, 339 (83.9%) participants had never received BFA information, and 392 (97.0%) had no first aid training. The mean BFA knowledge score was 56±13.9%, with only 5.4% of the participants demonstrating adequate knowledge. Only 26 (27.7%) of current and former burn victims used water lavage as BFA. No statistically significant associations were found between BFA knowledge, water lavage usage, and demographic variables at univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses.

Conclusion
We highlight inadequate BFA knowledge and practices among victims of burns, their caregivers, and the general population. Addressing these deficiencies through community-based initiatives is crucial to improving burn care in Uganda.
Link between bilaterality and type 2 inflammation in respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas: A two-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heo Yujin , Hong Sang Duk , Kim Hyo Yeol , Ryu Gwanghui , Kwon Kyung Won , Jung Yong Gi 
Published: February 2025

Background
Sinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAH) are rare benign lesions with diverse clinical characteristics. Their pathogenesis remains unclear, with hypotheses suggesting either an inflammatory process or neoplastic origin. Despite their clinical heterogeneity, a formal subtype classification is lacking. This study analyzes the clinical features of surgically treated sinonasal REAH and investigates disease characteristics based on bilaterality, particularly in relation to type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis.

Methods
This retrospective analysis included patients with REAH who underwent endoscopic surgery and received pathological confirmation between November 2008 and November 2023. Demographic data, including asthma history, prior sinus surgeries, serum eosinophil levels, and the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) score, were analyzed in relation to REAH bilaterality.

Results
Among 21 patients (17 males, 4 females; mean age 46.5 years), 11 cases (52.4%) exhibited bilateral origins (REAH_bi) in the superior nasal septum and olfactory cleft, while 10 cases (47.6%) presented as isolated unilateral lesions (REAH_uni). REAH_bi was significantly associated with asthma (p = 0.012), prior sinus surgery (p = 0.002), and inflammatory polyposis (p = 0.002) compared to REAH_uni. Elevated preoperative serum eosinophil levels and JESREC scores were also noted in REAH_bi cases (p = 0.021 and <0.001, respectively). Neither group showed recurrence during a mean follow-up of 11.91 months.

Conclusion
Bilaterally originating REAH in the superior nasal septum and olfactory cleft demonstrates pronounced type 2 inflammatory characteristics, suggesting potential differences in pathogenesis compared to unilateral REAH. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into REAH pathophysiology and emphasize the importance of bilaterality in clinical assessment.
Determining the threshold for variation in indoor temperature reduction capacity of green roofs with different depths in hot and dry climates
Authors: Muhammad Salihu Murtala , Awad Abuhussain Mohammed , Mohammed Elhassan Zeinab Abdallah , Ramadan Abdelhai Nada Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

To forestall the dangers of overdesign, initial and maintenance costs, and unnecessary loading on the supporting roof, the study was primarily aimed at determining the significant difference in indoor temperature reduction capacity between various green roof models of varying thicknesses within the extensive green roof category. Using a contextualized substrate layer of 25mm as the difference in depth between green roof alternatives, the degree of thermal insulation for the interior was observed on six extensive green roof models of 50mm, 75mm, 100mm, 125mm, and 150mm thicknesses. This is to elucidate the level of significant differences in thermal efficiency between the models. EnergyPlus 8.3.0 simulation software was used to conduct a thermal performance survey on the sampled models. The temperature profiles of all the cases were collected and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS V 21.0 to conduct an ANOVA and a proceeding Post hoc test to determine where the difference lies between the green roof groups. The results revealed that; no substantial difference in thermal performance exists between alternatives where the difference in depth is around the 25mm mark. Revealing that the threshold for any significant change in thermal insulation is denoted by a 50mm difference between alternatives. This research was carried out to facilitate the initial process of green roof selection, design, detailing, and specifications writing for architect engineers, and other stakeholders.
To solve the dilemma of modern medical ethics review with the wisdom of traditional Chinese philosophy
Authors: Ai Jing , Yu Xiao , He Manhui , You Zeshan , Li Zaiyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Modern medical technology is advancing at an unstoppable pace. The scope of medical research has expanded from organs and tissues to the cellular and genetic levels, touching the essence of human life. The modern medical ethics review systems and theories, predominantly rooted in Western frameworks, have not been fully integrated with Chinese cultural contexts, leading to challenges in resolving increasingly complex ethical disputes. By reflecting on the limitations of modern medical ethics review systems and exploring the potential of integrating traditional Chinese philosophy with Western theories, this article aims to develop a framework tailored to Chinese cultural and academic contexts. This approach includes integrating conventional Chinese philosophy into the academic foundation of medical ethics, recruiting ethics committee members with expertise in Chinese culture and philosophy.
Evaluating the research parameters available on the Sysmex® XN-series hematology analyzers as markers of dysplasia in peripheral blood
Authors: Aguadero Vicente , López María , Ruíz Míriam , Regidor Diana , Celma Gemma 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias, cellular dysplasia and risk for progression into acute leukemia. Recent studies reveal that some research parameters available on Sysmex XN-1000® hematology analyzers, including immature platelet fraction (IPF), Neutrophil Granularity Index (Neu-GI), or platelet distribution width (PDW), show a relationship with dysplasia in peripheral blood. The objective of this study was to examine the association between classic and research blood count parameters and the presence of dysplasia. The secondary objective was to develop a multivariate model that allows the prediction of dysplasia with high probability.

Methods
Seventy-five patients older than 60 years with anemia, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia, without vitamin B12 and folate deficiency or hematological diseases underwent testing with the Sysmex XN-1000 analyzer.

Results
Dysplasia was confirmed in 32 % of patients, with significant differences in Neu-GI, PDW and IPF count between the groups of patients with and without dysplasia. Neu-GI was the parameter with the highest predictive value (AUC=0.98), with such value not increasing significantly after the addition of PDW or PIF. A Neu-GI value≤146ch predicts dysplasia with a positive predictive value=90 %.

Conclusions
Neu-GI is the parameter most strongly associated with dysplasia. A Neu-GI value≤146ch indicates a high probability of dysplasia and supports indication for a blood smear review. Additionally, values>152ch indicate a low probability of dysplasia.
Green approach for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from methanolic stem extract of Andrographis paniculata and evaluation of antidiabetic activity: In silico GSK-3β analysis
Authors: Kumar Gopal Nithesh , Ali Mohammad , Raghunathanaidu Bharathi Doddla , Ahmed Syed Sagheer , Komalkumar Chandan , Ananth Gowda KM Doddi Hanumaiah , Prajwal Chamanahalli Balaraju , Shakeel Faiyaz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were biosynthesized from methanolic stem extract of Andrographis paniculata (MEAP) and characterized physicochemically. ZnO-NPs were evaluated biologically for anti-diabetic and anti-nephropathy activities. A diabetic rat model generated by streptozotocin was used to test the anti-diabetic properties of ZnO-NPs. In diabetic rats, oral doses of MEAP and ZnO-NPs generated from MEAP were given once daily for 30 days at 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, and 1,200 mg·kg−1, respectively. Metformin, a common antidiabetic drug, was utilized as a control at a dosage of 250 mg·kg−1. The NPs mediated by MEAP were homogenous, stable, spherical, and tiny. MEAP-derived ZnO-NPs prevented weight loss while significantly (p < 0.05) lowering blood glucose levels in comparison to MEAP and, to a lesser extent, metformin. Furthermore, MEAP-mediated ZnO-NPs were found to have favorable effects on the lipid profile and diabetic nephropathy. The histopathological evaluation demonstrated the safety, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility of synthesized ZnO-NPs produced from MEAP. The hypoglycemic response to MEAP-derived ZnO-NPs was greater at 400 mg·kg−1·day−1 than it was at 200 and 100 mg·kg−1·day−1. Therefore, ZnO-NPs biosynthesized from MEAP exhibit more anti-diabetic and anti-nephropathy action than MEAP in this first experimental setting reported.
Associations of serum levels of cGAMP in the context of COVID-19 infection, atherosclerosis, sterile inflammation, and functional endothelial biomarkers in patients with coronary heart disease and healthy volunteers
Authors: Gumanova Nadezhda G. , Bogdanova Natalya L. , Gorshkov Alexander Yu. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The present study evaluated the relationships of the serum levels of the cyclic dinucleotide 2′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) marker of activation of pattern-recognition receptors with immunoglobulin G antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-linked coronavirus (IgG-SARS)-positive status and endothelial dysfunction.

Methods
Selected groups from two cohorts (cohort 1 of 307 healthy volunteers and cohort 2 of 218 coronary heart disease [CHD] patients). COVID-19 infection was confirmed by detection of IgG-SARS against SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein receptor-binding domain. Cohort 1 was examined for systematic coronary risk evaluation by European Society of Cardiology (SCORE) starting from 2019 before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cohort 2 was processed starting from 2017 (three years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic) in a hospital setting to undergo coronary angiography to assess coronary lesions as Gensini score. The levels of cGAMP and endothelial markers (nitrate and nitrite combined as NOx and endothelin-1) were assessed in the serum to evaluate the associations with IgG-SARS status, SCORE, and extent of coronary lesions by correlation and receiver operating characteristic analyses.

Results
Serum cGAMP did not discriminate between SARS-positive and SARS-negative healthy subject of cohort 1. Moreover, the level of cGAMP was not associated with endothelial biomarkers in healthy subjects. However, Serum cGAMP was associated with atherosclerosis, with area under the curve 0.69 (95 % CI 0.587–0.806; p=0.001), and with endothelial markers in cohort 2.

Conclusions
Low cGAMP was associated with atherosclerosis in CHD patients, suggesting that cGAMP is a new biomarker in the context of sterile inflammation.
DsubCox: a fast subsampling algorithm for Cox model with distributed and massive survival data
Authors: Zhang Haixiang , Li Yang , Wang HaiYing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To ensure privacy protection and alleviate computational burden, we propose a fast subsmaling procedure for the Cox model with massive survival datasets from multi-centered, decentralized sources. The proposed estimator is computed based on optimal subsampling probabilities that we derived and enables transmission of subsample-based summary level statistics between different storage sites with only one round of communication. For inference, the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator were rigorously established. An extensive simulation study demonstrated that the proposed approach is effective. The methodology was applied to analyze a large dataset from the U.S. airlines.
On 2-stage martensitic transformation behavior in aged Ti50.5Ni33.5Cu11.5Pd4.5 alloys with near-zero thermal hysteresis
Authors: Li Hang , Chen Lili , Guan Xiaoguang , Cai Yang , Meng Xianglong , Cai Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The microstructures and martensitic transformation of a Ti-rich Ti50.5Ni33.5Cu11.5Pd4.5 alloy aged at 500 °C for durations ranging from 15 min to 25 h were systematically investigated. With increasing aging time, the precipitates exhibit continuous growth; however, their quantity initially increases and subsequently decreases. The morphology of the precipitates evolves from granular to lamellar forms. Post-aging treatment, the transformation sequence transitions from a one-stage (B2–B19) to a two-stage process (B21–B191 and B22–B192) due to the precipitation of Ti2Cu-type particles, maintaining near-zero hysteresis. The two-stage martensitic transformation originates from the combined effects of stress distribution heterogeneities and variations in Ni content induced by aging precipitation.
Microstructure, XRD characteristics and tribological behavior of SiC–graphite reinforced Cu-matrix hybrid composites
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Porwal Rajesh K.R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study’s main goal is to investigate how the properties of pure copper are impacted by the addition of silicon carbide–graphite reinforcement. Here in this research a powder metallurgy procedure is used to make copper matrix composites with different amounts of silicon carbide–graphite reinforcement (2 %, 5 %, 8 %, and 10 %) by weight. The microstructure, phases present, wear analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis were all thoroughly examined, while scanning electron microscopy was used for imaging the microstructure of materials. The absence of any intermediate phases between the reinforcing materials and the copper matrix, according to X-ray diffraction data, suggests a strong interfacial interaction between them. A microstructural analysis of the copper matrix indicated a consistent dispersion of silicon carbide–graphite. The amount of reinforcement employed was found to have an impact on the wear characteristics of these copper matrix composites. Notably, the softness of graphite caused the hardness to drop when it was added. The 5 % reinforcement composite material outperformed the other evaluated composite materials in terms of wear rate, which was calculated in term of specific wear rate by using a pin-on-disc testing machine. This implies that this specific composite could be useful for tribological applications.
Linguistic aspects of the scientific research article in 1715 with particular reference to two astronomy articles
Authors: Banks David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Astronomy is the most important subject treated in the Philosophical Transactions and the Mémoires de l’Académie Royal in 1715. Articles by Halley and Maraldi have been selected for analysis. The process type profiles of the two articles are very similar. The object of study is the most important type of theme in both, but the proportion of themes of this type in Maraldi’s text is much greater than that in Halley’s. Surprisingly, temporal themes play a significant role in Halley’s text. Also surprising is the fact that, in Halley’s text, adjunct themes are more frequent than subject themes. Nominalized processes tend to be material rather than mental, but the difference is greater in Halley’s text than in Maraldi’s. First person pronoun subjects tend to occur with mental process verbs, but whereas in Halley’s text material processes also play a part, there are hardly any in Maraldi’s text. These linguistic differences between the two texts can be explained in terms of their differing stances, that of Halley being Baconian and hence empirical, that of Maraldi being Cartesian and hence deductive.
Spatiotemporal optical vortex reconnections of loop vortices
Authors: Adams Jordan , Chong Andy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reconnections of spatiotemporal optical vortices have been shown to occur between line vortices. Here, we show that reconnections also occur between spatiotemporal loop vortices in optical waves. As optical loop vortices propagate in a media with spatial diffraction and material group velocity dispersion, unique reconnections occur. The birth and death of loops can occur, with certain loop vortices emerging from or collapsing to a single point while interacting with others. As certain parameters are varied in the model, complex arrangements of loops form in space-time from simple initial fields.
Assessment of nutrition status of pineapple plants during ratoon season using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system
Authors: Anh Nguyen Huynh Minh , Hiep Phan Chan , Ngan Nguyen Thanh , Tho Le Thi Ngoc , Trong Nguyen Duc , Thuan Vo Minh , Thien Tran Thi Ngoc , Quang Le Thanh , Khuong Nguyen Quoc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of chemical fertilizer based on farmers' experience has led to fertilizer over-application in Hau Giang province, leading to increased production costs and severe environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important to assess crop nutrition status and make nutrient recommendations. Therein, the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) is a well-known approach to evaluating the nutrition status of crops. The current study aimed (i) to evaluate the sensitivity of established DRIS norms set for ratoon pineapple and (ii) to appraise the nutrition status of the plants in different regions of Hau Giang province, Vietnam. An omission plot experiment was conducted with a fully fertilized treatment and treatments omitting each nutrient of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) at leaves +1, +3, +7, +14, +15, +18, +20, +22, and +24. In the results, at leaf +1 and leaf +7, the DRIS indices of the groups omitting each of P, K, Ca, and Mg nutrients were lower than those of the NPKCaMg group, i.e., the leaves +1 and +7 had greater reliabilities. Based on leaf +1, the requirement order for nutrients of the ratoon pineapple was Cu > Ca > K > Zn > P > N > Fe > Mn. The newly established DRIS can be provided to the local agriculture managers to recommend the farmers to improve their profits and lower the use of chemical fertilizers for ratoon pineapple. Moreover, the results of this study will be a valuable reference for the establishment of DRIS in the world.