bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in children and adults with an age and gender-specific analysis
Authors: Kotidis Charalampos , Nirmal Neeraj , Kantzis Marinos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground:There are limited studies with medium-term follow-up following percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation and no studies with a gender-specific analysis.Aims:To report clinical outcomes up to five years following percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation using the two most common balloon expandable valves in a mixed population of paediatric and adult patients with an age and gender-specific analysis.Methods:This was a single-centre retrospective observation study. Relevant data were obtained retrospectively from the case files. Age and gender- specific analysis was performed using SPSS.Results:Totally, 58 patients (13 children, 45 adults) underwent percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. Statistically significant reduction in median right ventricular outflow tract flow velocity following valve implantation was maintained for the whole five years in adults but not in children. There were no gender-specific differences despite the study being adequately powered. Independent of valve type used, there was significant reduction of the right ventricular outflow tract flow velocity in the immediate post valve implantation period (Edwards P = 0.001, Melody P = 0.013). There was a significant negative correlation between implanted valve Z-score and subsequent right ventricular outflow tract gradient during the first two years following valve implantation.Conclusion:Gender does not significantly affect valve function following percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. It is important to consider patients’ age and body surface area in relation to existing right ventricular outflow tract size during decisions for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.
Why Did Kant Conceive of the Critique of Pure Reason as a Critique? Comments on Gabriele Gava’s Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the Method of Metaphysics
Authors: de Boer Karin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMy response to Gabriele Gava’s Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the Method of Metaphysics (2023) focuses on Kant’s conception of the role of critique in the Critique of Pure Reason. On my account, Gava’s emphasis on the constructive elements of the Critique downplays the critique of former metaphysics elaborated in all three parts of the Transcendental Doctrine of Elements. After some comments on Kant’s conception of the Critique as a doctrine of method, I support this view by discussing the relation between transcendental philosophy and transcendental critique, Kant’s analysis of the faculties, and his transcendental deduction of space.
The relationship between institutional quality, trust and private savings
Authors: Facchini François , Massin Sophie , Brookes Kevin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper draws on macroeconomics, the economics of institutions and the economics of trust to explain private savings at the national level for 33 OECD (mostly European) countries from 2002 to 2012. More specifically, it raises two questions: (i) is it the quality of institutions or trust in institutions that drives private savings? (ii) if trust matters, what is the appropriate institutional level at which it operates? To answer these questions, we add to the usual explanatory variables of private savings three measures of institutional quality and six measures of institutional trust, distributed between the following institutional levels, presented in assumed hierarchical order: political, legal, financial and social. We find that trust in political institutions is the most significant driver of private savings. This contributes to the literature underlining the importance of subjectivity in social and economic phenomena and suggests, for private bank savings in countries having highly regulated banking systems, the existence of a hierarchy of trust in which trust in the highest-ranking institutions (political – and to a lesser extent legal – institutions) acts as a substitute for trust in every lower-ranking institution (financial institutions and social trust).
Mainstreaming equality and human rights: Factors that inhibit and facilitate implementation in regulators, inspectorates and ombuds in England and Wales
Authors: Barrett David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo date the mainstreaming of equality and human rights law into public sector organisations has been underwhelming with the implementation of these norms being ad hoc and inconsistent. Existing research on factors that influence implementation has been either too general or too disjointed. This article has two aims to advance research on the implementation of equality and human rights: (i) to outline factors that influence the implementation of these norms and (ii) provide a more settled foundations for future research on equality and human rights implementation. It does this through interviews, undertaken in 2018–2019, with individuals responsible for leading the implementation of equality and human rights law within public sector organisations (specifically regulators, inspectorates and ombudsmen) in England and Wales. On the basis of this, the article makes suggestions for how the implementation of equality and human rights can be advanced further through changes to the regulatory environment.
Professional Partisans? Primary Care Physicians, State Governments, and COVID-19 Responsibility and Response
Authors: Goidel Kirby , Callaghan Timothy , Nuzhath Tasmiah , Scobee Julia , Washburn David , Motta Matthew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmerging health crises challenge and overwhelm federal political systems (Greer et al. 2020, Global Public Health 15: 1413–6). Within the context of COVID-19, states and governors took charge in the absence of a coordinated federal response. The result was uneven policy responses and variance in health-related and economic outcomes. While existing research has explored public evaluations of state COVID-19 policies, we explore primary care physicians’ trust in state government for handling the pandemic, as well as their evaluations of their state government’s treatment responsibility for the pandemic and their state’s policy response. We find that general preferences for the role of the federal/state government in addressing the pandemic are shaped by individual-level physician partisanship. Specific evaluations of state policy responsiveness are influenced by whether physicians’ partisan preferences matched their governor. We also find, however, that Republican physicians were critical of Republican governors and physicians were less partisan than the general public. At least within public health, there are limits to the influence of partisan identity on expert (physician) political evaluations.
Magma‐Assisted Continental Rifting: The Broadly Rifted Zone in SW Ethiopia, East Africa
Authors: Erbello A. , Colleps C. , Melnick D. , Sobel E. R. , Bookhagen B. , Pingel H. , Zeilinger G. , van der Beek P. , Strecker M. R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Gofa Province and Chew Bahir Basin in the Broadly Rifted Zone (BRZ) between the southern Main Ethiopian Rift (sMER) and the northern Kenya Rift (nKR) record early volcanism and associated faulting in East Africa; however, the spatiotemporal relationships between volcanism and faulting remain poorly constrained. We applied apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe) and zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) thermochronometry to Neoproterozoic basement rocks from exhumed footwall blocks of the extensional Gofa Province and Chew Bahir Basin, and analyzed our result in the context of well‐dated regional volcanic units in the BRZ to unravel the interplay between tectonic exhumation, faulting and volcanism. Single‐grain AHe ages ranging from 1.0 to 136.8 Ma were recorded in 32 samples, and single‐grain ZHe ages from three samples range between 142.2 and 335.6 Ma. The youngest AHe ages were obtained from the Chew Bahir Basin and the narrow deformation zone in the Gofa Province. Our thermal modeling results reflect little or no significant regional crustal cooling prior to extensive volcanism, which started at about 45 Ma. Conversely, new and previously published thermal history models suggest that widespread crustal cooling related to regional extension occurred between ∼27 and 20 Ma. Thermal modeling results from subsets of samples indicate that following this initial diffuse extensional deformation, renewed exhumation occurred along a narrow zone within the Gofa Province and the Chew Bahir Basin during the middle to late Miocene (15‐6 Ma) and Pliocene (<5 Ma), respectively. The crustal cooling phases follow a regional trend in volcanic episodes. For example, initial cooling between 27 and 20 Ma corresponds with the end of widespread flood‐basalt volcanism (45–28 Ma), suggesting that spatially diffuse normal faulting may have initiated shortly after the emplacement of voluminous and areally extensive flood basalts. The Miocene and Pliocene shifts in deformation along the Mali‐Dancha and Bala‐Kela basins in the Gofa Province and the Chew Bahir Basin, respectively, may indicate strain localization during the late stage of rifting and ongoing tectonic interaction between the sMER and the nKR. Our results support the notion of crustal weakening by massive volcanism as a precursor to widespread extensional faulting, and thus offer further insights into magma‐assisted deformation processes in the East African Rift System.
Understanding the Influence of Urban Form on the Spatial Pattern of Precipitation
Authors: Lu Yanle , Yu Zhou , Albertson John D. , Chen Haonan , Hu Leiqiu , Pendergrass Angeline , Chen Xiaodong , Li Qi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrban areas are known to modify the spatial pattern of precipitation climatology. Existing observational evidence suggests that precipitation can be enhanced downwind of a city. Among the proposed mechanisms, the thermodynamic and aerodynamic processes in the urban lower atmosphere interact with the meteorological conditions and can play a key role in determining the resulting precipitation patterns. In addition, these processes are influenced by urban form, such as the impervious surface extent. This study aims to unravel how different urban forms impact the spatial patterns of precipitation climatology under different meteorological conditions. We use the Multi‐Radar Multi‐Sensor quantitative precipitation estimation data products and analyze the hourly precipitation maps for 27 selected cities across the continental United States from the years 2015–2021 summer months. Results show that about 80% of the studied cities exhibit a statistically significant downwind enhancement of precipitation. Additionally, we find that the precipitation pattern tends to be more spatially clustered in intensity under higher wind speed; the location of radial precipitation maxima is located closer to the city center under low background winds but shifts downwind under high wind conditions. The magnitude of downwind precipitation enhancement is highly dependent on wind directions and is positively correlated with the city size for the south, southwest, and west directions. This study presents observational evidence through a cross‐city analysis that the urban precipitation pattern can be influenced by the urban modification of atmospheric processes, providing insight into the mechanistic link between future urban land‐use change and hydroclimates.
Doppler Shifted Auroral Hydrogen Lyman‐Alpha Spectra Observed by DMSP/SSUSI
Authors: Liou Kan , Paxton Larry , Zhang Youngliang , Wolven Brian , Schaefer Robert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProton auroras, when viewed from space, are subjected to Doppler red shifts. Reports on space‐based observations of Doppler shift of H Lyman‐alpha (Ly‐α) spectral line associated with proton precipitation are still scarce. This study, as a first attempt, extracts Doppler shifted H Ly‐α spectral profiles resulting from proton precipitation from data acquired with the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)/F16 spacecraft. SSUSI consists of a scanning imaging spectrograph, which covers the far ultraviolet spectrum from ∼1,120 to 1,850 Å, with 160 spectral bins and a spectral resolution of ∼20 Å. We show redshift Ly‐α spectra observed by SSUSI when its field of view traverses the auroral ovals. The inferred proton energy and energy flux are in close agreement with the DMSP SSJ in situ particle measurements. This study demonstrates the potential capability of SSUSI in monitoring the energetics of proton precipitation.
Australian Summer Monsoon Bursts: A Moist Static Energy Budget Perspective
Authors: Mohanty Sarthak , Jakob Christian , Singh Martin S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Australian monsoon's wet season is associated with sequences of wet and dry conditions known as bursts and breaks, which usually have timescales of a week or two. There are several hypotheses for the physical processes involved in monsoon bursts, ranging from the effects of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation to extratropical influences. We analyze rainfall bursts in Northern Australia using a moist static energy (MSE) budget framework. We separate the bursts into three types and further separate them into pre‐monsoon, active monsoon, and post‐monsoon. We then apply ERA5 data to calculate the MSE budget for each burst and construct composite bursts for each of the three types. We find that the horizontal advection of MSE over the tropical northern Australian convergence zone is the most critical term in the budget for the day‐to‐day precipitation variation. MSE‐related gross moist stability analysis reveals that each type has distinct characteristics. The burst type associated with active monsoon bursts displays convective growth and decay patterns both before and after the precipitation peak, which is typical of oceanic convection. A low‐rainfall burst type, which is often seen before monsoon onset, is linked to coastal convection and has minimal rainfall decay after the burst. Finally, a sustained high‐rainfall burst type, mostly observed at the end or after the monsoon retreat, has growth characteristics similar to the typical monsoon burst but does not decay, maintaining very high rainfall for at least a week due to a rearrangement of the circulation and local thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere.
Clogging and Unclogging of Fine Particles in Porous Media: Micromechanical Insights From an Analog Pore System
Authors: Yin Yanzhou , Cui Yifei , Jing Lu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPore clogging and unclogging in porous media are ubiquitous in subsurface hydrologic processes, which have been studied extensively at various scales ranging from a single pore to porous‐medium samples. However, it remains unclear how fluid flow, particle rearrangement, and the arching effect typical of cone‐shaped pore geometry interact and how they are captured by a pressure drop model at the macroscopic scale. Here, we investigate the pore‐scale feedback mechanisms between fluid flow and pore clogging and unclogging using a fully resolved fluid‐particle coupling approach (lattice Boltzmann method‐discrete element method). We first propose to use a truncated‐cone pore to represent realistic pore geometries revealed by X‐ray images of prepared sand packing. Then, our simulations indicate that the pore cone angle significantly influences the pressure drop associated with the clogging process by enhancing particle contacts due to arching. A modified Ergun equation is developed to consider this geometric effect. At the microscale, clogging can be explained by the interparticle force statistics; a few particles in an arch (or a dome) take the majority of hydrodynamic pressure. The maximum interparticle force is positively proportional to the particle Reynolds number and negatively associated with the tangent of the pore cone angle. Finally, a formula is established utilizing fluid characteristics and pore cone angle to compute the maximal interparticle force. Our findings, especially a modified pressure drop model that accounts for pore geometry resistance, provide guidance for applying pore‐scale models of clogging and unclogging to large‐scale subsurface fines transportation issues, including seepage‐induced landslides, stream bank failure, and groundwater recharge.
Improving River Routing Using a Differentiable Muskingum‐Cunge Model and Physics‐Informed Machine Learning
Authors: Bindas Tadd , Tsai Wen‐Ping , Liu Jiangtao , Rahmani Farshid , Feng Dapeng , Bian Yuchen , Lawson Kathryn , Shen Chaopeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, rainfall‐runoff simulations in small headwater basins have been improved by methodological advances such as deep neural networks (NNs) and hybrid physics‐NN models—particularly, a genre called differentiable modeling that intermingles NNs with physics to learn relationships between variables. However, hydrologic routing simulations, necessary for simulating floods in stem rivers downstream of large heterogeneous basins, had not yet benefited from these advances and it was unclear if the routing process could be improved via coupled NNs. We present a novel differentiable routing method (δMC‐Juniata‐hydroDL2) that mimics the classical Muskingum‐Cunge routing model over a river network but embeds an NN to infer parameterizations for Manning's roughness (n) and channel geometries from raw reach‐scale attributes like catchment areas and sinuosity. The NN was trained solely on downstream hydrographs. Synthetic experiments show that while the channel geometry parameter was unidentifiable, n can be identified with moderate precision. With real‐world data, the trained differentiable routing model produced more accurate long‐term routing results for both the training gage and untrained inner gages for larger subbasins (>2,000 km2) than either a machine learning model assuming homogeneity, or simply using the sum of runoff from subbasins. The n parameterization trained on short periods gave high performance in other periods, despite significant errors in runoff inputs. The learned n pattern was consistent with literature expectations, demonstrating the framework's potential for knowledge discovery, but the absolute values can vary depending on training periods. The trained n parameterization can be coupled with traditional models to improve national‐scale hydrologic flood simulations.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Qian , Meng Hui , Duan Hongxia , Liu Xin , Wu Jian , Gao Fei , Wang Shijun , Tan Rubin , Yuan Jinxiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury paradoxically occurs during reperfusion following ischemia, exacerbating the initial tissue damage. The limited understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying I/R injury hinders the development of effective therapeutic interventions. The Wnt signaling pathway exhibits extensive crosstalk with various other pathways, forming a network system of signaling pathways involved in I/R injury. This review article elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling, as well as the complex interplay between Wnt and other pathways, including Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, transforming growth factor-β, nuclear factor kappa, bone morphogenetic protein, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-Ca2+-Activin A, Hippo-Yes-associated protein, toll-like receptor 4/toll-interleukine-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, and hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor. In particular, we delve into their respective contributions to key pathological processes, including apoptosis, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, cell hypertrophy, fibrosis, ferroptosis, neurogenesis, and blood-brain barrier damage during I/R injury. Our comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling during I/R reveals that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway promotes organ recovery, while activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathways exacerbates injury. Moreover, we explore novel therapeutic approaches based on these mechanistic findings, incorporating evidence from animal experiments, current standards, and clinical trials. The objective of this review is to provide deeper insights into the roles of Wnt and its crosstalk signaling pathways in I/R-mediated processes and organ dysfunction, to facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic agents for I/R injury.
The revised zone of partial preservation (ZPP) in the 2019 International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: ZPP applicability in incomplete injuries
Authors: Schuld Christian ,   EMSCI study group, Abel Rainer , Curt Armin , Kalke Yorck-Bernhard , Kriz Jiri , Maier Doris , Weidner Norbert , Kirshblum Steven , Tansey Keith ,   ASIA International Standards Committee, Betz Randal , Biering-Sørensen Fin , Burns Stephen P. , Donovan William , Graves Daniel E. , Guest James , Jones Linda , Krassioukov Andrej , Mulcahey Mary Jane , Read Mary Schmidt , Rodriguez Gianna M. , Walden Kristen , Rupp Rüdiger 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Study design
Consensus process.

Objectives
To provide a reference for the Zone(s) of Partial Preservation (ZPP) in the 2019 International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) and analyze the initial impact of applicability of the revised ZPPs. Revisions include the use of ZPPs in selected incomplete injuries (in addition to prior use in sensorimotor complete injuries). Specifically, the revised motor ZPPs are applicable bilaterally in injuries with absent voluntary anal contraction (VAC) and the revised sensory ZPP for a given side is applicable if deep anal pressure (DAP), light touch and pin prick sensation in S4-5 are absent on that side.

Setting
Committee with 16 ISNCSCI experts and datasets from the European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury (EMSCI).

Methods
Occurrence frequencies of applicable ZPPs were determined in an EMSCI cohort consisting of two ISNCSCI examinations from 665 individuals with traumatic SCI.

Results
Motor ZPPs were derived in 35.2% of all datasets of incomplete injuries, while sensory ZPPs are much less frequent (1.0%). Motor ZPPs are applicable in all American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) B datasets (mean ZPP length: 0.9 ± 1.0 segments), in 55.4% of all AIS C datasets (ZPP length: 11.8 ± 8.2 segments) and in 9.9% of the AIS D datasets (ZPP length: 15.4 ± 7.9 segments).

Conclusions
The revised ZPP allows for determining motor ZPPs in approximately 1/3 of all incomplete injuries. The broadened applicability enables the use of ZPPs beyond complete injuries for complementary description of residual functions in more individuals.

Sponsorship
N/A