bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rapid and robust generation of efficient hybrid grids for rans simulations over complete aircraft
Authors: Shaw J. A. , Stokes S. , Lucking M. A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA description is given of a method capable of automatically forming efficient, high‐quality hybrid meshes for viscous flow calculations over complete aircraft, given engineers' requirements on mesh density and first cell‐height. Mixed quadrilateral/triangular surface grids are constructed using the moving‐front approach, with point placement and connection optimized to ensure high‐quality, anisotropic panels are generated. The volume mesh is built in two stages. A near field mesh is formed using the advancing‐layer approach, significantly enhanced through the use of mesh enriching/collapsing techniques and layer‐intersection detection/front‐termination algorithms. The remainder of the domain is then covered by a cut‐cell Cartesian mesh of varying density that conforms to the outer‐surface of the near field mesh. Examples of meshes generated using the described methods are presented and the user‐input discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of patient‐specific CFD in medicine and life sciences
Authors: Löhner Rainald , Cebral Juan , Soto Orlando , Yim Peter , Burgess James E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractRecent advances in medical image segmentation, grid generation, flow solvers, realistic boundary conditions, fluid–structure interaction, data reduction and visualization arc reviewed with special emphasis on patient‐specific flow prediction. At the same time, present shortcomings in each one of these areas are identified. Several examples are given that show that this methodology is maturing rapidly, and may soon find widespread use in medicine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some challenges of realistic flow simulations by unstructured grid CFD
Authors: Nakahashi Kazuhiro , Ito Yasushi , Togashi Fumiya 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper discusses the unstructured grid method to compute flows around geometrically complex bodies having relative motions. To enhance the capability to treat complex geometries, a surface triangulation method using the advancing front method coupled with geometric feature extraction technique is described. Stereolithography (STL) data are adopted as an interface between a CAD system and the surface grid generator. Moving bodies are treated by the overset unstructured grid method. The capability of the method is demonstrated for simulations of an airplane separation process from a rocket booster and a hornet in flight. In the hornet simulation, the detailed components such as antennas, legs and a sting are all included in the computational grid. The flapping wings are treated by the overset unstructured grid method where a grid around the wing is overlapped on a stationary grid around the body of a hornet and moves with time to simulate the flapping motion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unstructured Navier–Stokes grid generation at corners and ridges
Authors: Sharov Dmitri , Luo Hong , Baum Joseph D. , Löhner Rainald 
Published: October 2003

AbstractProblems related to automatic generation of highly stretched unstructured grids suitable for 3‐D Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes computations are addressed. Special attention is given to treatment of such geometrical irregularities as convex and concave ridges as well as corners where the ridges meet. The existing unstructured grid generation approaches may fail or produce poor quality meshes in such geometrical regions. The proposed solution is based on special meshing of non‐slip body surfaces resulting in smooth and robust volume meshing and high overall quality of generated grids. Several examples demonstrate the efficiency of the method for complex 3‐D geometries. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
The jump component of the volatility structure of interest rate futures markets: An international comparison
Authors: Chiarella Carl , Tô Thuy‐Duong 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe propose a generalization of the Shirakawa (1991) model to capture the jump component in fixed‐income
markets. The model is formulated under the Heath, Jarrow, & Morton (1992) framework, and allows the presence
of a Wiener noise and a finite number of Poisson noises, each associated with a time deterministic volatility function. We derive the evolution of the
futures price and use this evolution to estimate the model parameters via the likelihood transformation technique of Duan (1994). We apply the method to the short‐term futures contracts traded on CME, SFE, LIFFE, and TIFFE, and find that
each market is characterized by very different behavior. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1125–1158, 2003
Optimum futures hedge in the presence of clustered supply and demand shocks, stochastic basis, and firm's costs of hedging
Authors: Chang Carolyn W. , Chang Jack S. K. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn a doubly stochastic jump‐diffusion economy with stochastic jump arrival intensity and proportional transaction costs, we develop a
five‐factor risk‐return asset pricing inequality to model optimum futures hedge in the presence of clustered supply and demand shocks,
stochastic basis, and firm's costs of hedging. Concave risk‐return tradeoff dictates a hedge ratio to be substantially less than the
traditional risk‐minimization one. The ratio now comprises a positive diffusion, a positive jump, and a negative hedging cost component. The
faster jumps arrive, and the more hedging costs, the more pronounced are the respective jump and hedging cost effects. Empirical validation confirms
that actual industry hedge ratios vary significantly across firm's costs of and efficiency in hedging and are significantly lower than what
risk‐minimization dictates. The model also can be used to compute a threshold production level for determining if a firm should hedge. ©
2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1209–1237, 2003
Discretionary government intervention and the mispricing of index futures
Authors: Draper Paul , Fung Joseph K. W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis article examines how and to what extent direct market intervention by the Hong Kong government in both the stock and futures markets affected
the pricing relationship between the Hang Seng Index futures and the cash index during the period of the Asian financial crisis. The study avoids
infrequent trading and nonexecution problems by using tradeable bid and offer quotes for the constituent stocks of the index. The results show that
arbitrage efficiency was impeded during, and in the immediate aftermath of, the intervention. The findings suggest that discretionary government action
introduces an additional risk factor for arbitrageurs that continues to disrupt normal market processes even after the government ceases to intervene.
The continued disruption following the government's actions in the market also stems from a poorly developed stock loan market that impedes short
selling, as well as a lack of liquidity in the market. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1159–1189, 2003
Primary non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of the humerus following traumatic injury: case report
Authors: Stemberga V. , Dobi‐Babić R. , Bosnar A. , Cuculić D. , Fučkar D. , Štifter S. , Kušec R. , Marušić‐Vrsalović M. , Jonjić N. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA case of primary non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of the right humerus which occurred in a 21‐year‐old male patient after an impact to the right shoulder in a car accident in July 1983 is described. Seventeen years after the injury, due to a civil lawsuit, the biopsy material was revised. Immunohistochemical analysis showed CD20 and CD79a positivity on large pleomorphic cells, while small reactive lymphocytes were CD3, Bcl‐2 and CD20 positive. Molecular analysis carried out with PCR revealed a monoclonal B‐lymphocyte population. The diagnosis of diffuse large peripheral B cell lymphoma of the bone was confirmed. The present case concurs with the literature on primary bone lymphoma, in which the diagnostic problem, trauma‐related presentation and an excellent prognosis of malignant tumour are emphasized. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term survival in patients with human immunodeficiency virus‐associated small non‐cleaved cell lymphoma: the role for short course intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Astrow Alan B. , Tarabay Grace , Salerno Vincent E. , Cook William A. , Lin Robert , Lascher Steven , Li Zujun , Mazumder Amitabha , Halperin Ira , Cho John , Jaffar Zulfaqquar , McLaughlin Marilyn , Blum Ronald H. , Kempin Sanford J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWhile intensive chemotherapy is recommended for the treatment of non‐HIV related adult small non‐cleaved lymphoma (SNCL), including Burkitt's and Burkitt‐like lymphoma, optimal treatment for patients with HIV‐associated SNCL is not known. We assessed remissions and survival in a cohort of 44 consecutive HIV positive patients diagnosed with SNCL at our hospital between June 2000 and November 2001 using chart and pathology data. Median follow‐up, survival and survival at the median follow‐up time were 4.5 months, 4 months and 49% respectively. Of this cohort 39% were complete responders (CR) and 36% were long‐term lymphoma‐free survivors. Two patients relapsed from CR. Short course intensive chemotherapy (McMaster) was administered to 23 patients; 17 received less intensive conventional combination chemotherapy; and four received single‐agent chemotherapy or no treatment. In the McMaster group, 38% (9/23) achieved CR with no relapses. Seven patients (30%) died of toxicity compared with one (6%) in the less intensively treated group. Of the stage I patients, 75% (6/8) achieved long‐term CR with half being treated conventionally. Conventional chemotherapy may be curative for early stage HIV‐SNCL. In advanced disease, McMaster chemotherapy was found to be associated with substantial early mortality but was curative in a significant number of patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient procedure for the synthesis of 18O‐labelled methanesulfinyl chloride
Authors: Drabowicz Józef , Bujnicki Bogdan , Mikolajczyk Marian 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA new procedure for the synthesis of methanesulfinyl chloride is described which involves chlorination of dimethyl disulfide with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of hexamethyldisiloxane. The use of 18O‐labelled hexamethyldisiloxane in this reaction results in the formation of 18O‐labelled methanesulfinyl chloride. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐peptide radioiodinated high affinity melanocortin‐4 receptor ligand
Authors: Mutulis Felikss , Yahorava Sviatlana , Mutule Ilze , Yahorau Aleh , Kopanchuk Sergei , Veiksina Santa , Rinken Ago , Wikberg Jarl E. S. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract4‐Cyclohexyl‐4‐[(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]piperidine was introduced into stepwise peptide synthesis procedures using Boc chemistry and derivatives of D‐4‐iodophenylalanine and D‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid. A halogen replacement analogue (I‐Mex2) of a known high affinity melanocortin‐4 receptor selective compound resulted. It showed a subnanomolar affinity when evaluated on the melanocortin‐4 receptor in competition with the α‐MSH peptide analogue 125I‐NDP‐MSH. By treatment with hexamethylditin and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium I‐Mex2 was converted to the corresponding trimethylstannyl derivative. In the next step, Na125I was oxidized by an iodobead. Iododestannylation proceeded in the presence of 1 M phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, and the radio‐active derivative 125I‐Mex2 formed was separated by HPLC at 40% radiochemical yield. Preliminary investigation showed that 125I‐Mex2 is useful as a radioligand for melanocortin‐4 receptor binding studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [14C]‐labelled vardenafil hydrochloride and metabolites
Authors: Seidel D. , Brehmer P. , Schoof Y. , Weinberg U. , Nowakowski M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractFor studies of pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism of the new orally active, selective phosphodiesterase type V (PDE V) inhibitor vardenafil (Levitra®), the 14C‐labelled version was synthesised. Starting from the cyanation of 2‐iodophenol with K14CN, an 8‐step synthesis led to two batches with 0.727 g (2.857 GBq) and 2.199 g (5.497 GBq) of [triazinone‐14C]vardenafil hydrochlo‐ride with different specific radioactivities. The label was located in position 2 of the imidazotriazinone moiety. Several carbon‐14 labelled metabolites were synthesised as reference compounds for metabolism studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The synthesis and characterisation of deuteriated amides
Authors: Coumbarides Gregory S. , Eames Jason , Ghilagaber Stephanos 
Published: October 2003

AbstractResults are reported on the regioselective C‐deuteriation of a series of enolates derived from the addition of sec‐BuLi to a variety of substituted amides. The outcomes of the reactions are discussed in terms of the structural nature of the amides and the deuteriated sources employed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of [99mTc]TRODAT‐1 involving a simple purification method
Authors: Tóth Gyula , Szakonyi Zsolt , Kanyó Balázs , Fülöp Ferenc , Jancsó Gábor , Pávics László 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDirect preparation of the novel dopamine transporter imaging agent [99mTc]TRODAT‐1 results in uncertainty concerning the labelling efficiency. Without purification of the tracer, the statistically inefficient labelling yield becomes apparent in an inadequate radiochemical purity. The aim of the present work was to improve the radiochemical purity of this tracer by including a facile, on‐the‐spot purification step in the labelling process.Kits containing 100 μg free ligand resulted in an average labelling efficiency of 91.6% (S.D. = 5.15%, n = 32), while an average of 73.0% (S.D.= 6.76%, n = 22) was obtained for the 50 μg ligand series. Introduction of solid‐phase extraction into the preparation process allowed the quantitative removal of hydrophilic species from both series of reaction mixtures. An average radiochemical purity of 98% was achieved for the purified tracer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial contrast enhancement with MS‐325 and its relation to myocardial blood flow and the perfusion reserve
Authors: Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Hu Xudong , Murthy Naveen S. , Rickers Carsten , Stillman Arthur E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo determine with an intravascular contrast agent the relation between the rate of myocardial signal enhancement during the first pass (upslope) and myocardial blood flow (MBF), and to derive and validate a corrected perfusion reserve (PR) index from the upslope parameter.Materials and MethodsMeasurements of the upslope parameter for myocardial contrast enhancement with an intravascular contrast agent (MS‐325) were performed in a porcine model with ameroid coronary constrictor. MBF was estimated with MRI and was validated against separate invasive measurements with labeled microspheres. PR indices were calculated from the upslope of the tissue curves. A new PR index was corrected by the time delay between appearance of the tracer and the upslope maximum.ResultsMBFs determined by MRI vs. MBFs measured with microspheres were in agreement within the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the identity relation. The new PR index slightly overestimated the MBF reserve by an average +1.4% (95% CI = −44% to +46%). The uncorrected PR index underestimated the MBF reserve by −33% (95% CI = −92% to +25%).ConclusionA perfusion index derived from the maximum upslope of myocardial contrast enhancement produces accurate estimates of the PR if corrected by the time‐to‐maximum upslope. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:544–554. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Centrally fat‐saturated three‐dimensional magnetic resonance angiography of the abdomen using selective central fat‐saturation of k‐space
Authors: Amano Yasuo , Takahama Katsuya , Matsuda Tsuyoshi , Amano Maki , Kumazaki Tatsuo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo assess the usefulness of centrally fat‐saturated three‐dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the abdomen using an elliptical centric view order and selective placement of fat‐saturation pulses in the central 30% portion of the k‐space in terms of fat signal reduction, image contrast of post‐contrast images, and breath‐holding time.MethodsFat signal in abdomen and breath‐holding time were compared between centrally fat‐saturated three‐dimensional sequence and partially fat‐saturated three‐dimensional sequence or conventional fat‐saturated three‐dimensional sequence. Abdominal contrast‐enhanced centrally fat‐saturated three‐dimensional MR angiography was obtained at arterial and equilibrium phases, and image quality was quantitatively and visually evaluated.ResultsCentrally fat‐saturated three‐dimensional sequence suppressed fat signal, as did the conventional fat‐saturated three‐dimensional sequence, and the breath‐hold was prolonged only by 1.5 seconds compared to the partially fat‐saturated three‐dimensional sequence. Contrast‐enhanced centrally fat‐saturated three‐dimensional MR angiography provided abdominal MR arteriography with large signal difference between vessels and fat, while venous signal was insufficient at equilibrium phase.ConclusionAbdominal contrast‐enhanced centrally fat‐saturated three‐dimensional MR angiography using an elliptical centric view order and selective central fat‐saturation of k‐space reduced fat signal comparable to conventional fat‐saturated three‐dimensional sequence, and provided contrast‐enhanced MR arteriography with high vascular contrast and minimum prolongation of breath‐hold. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:567–574. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion with a spin‐labeling technique: Preliminary results in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Wacker Christian M. , Fidler Florian , Dueren Christian , Hirn Stefan , Jakob Peter M. , Ertl Georg , Haase Axel , Bauer Wolfgang R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo determine perfusion and coronary reserve in human myocardium without contrast agent using a spin labeling technique.Materials and MethodsAssessment of myocardial perfusion is based on T1 measurements after global and slice‐selective spin preparation. This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was applied to 12 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with suspected coronary artery disease under resting conditions and adenosine‐induced vasodilatation.ResultsIn volunteers, quantitative perfusion was calculated as 2.4 ± 1.2 mL/g/minute (rest) and 3.9 ± 1.3 mL/g/minute (adenosine), respectively. Perfusion reserve was 2.1 ± 0.6. In patients, when comparing perfusion reserve in the anterior and posterior myocardium, reduced values according to a stenotic supplying vessel could be seen in seven of 11 patients who underwent stress testing. In these patients, the relative difference of coronary reserve was 44% ± 18%. Two patients without stenosis of coronary arteries showed no differences in coronary reserve (with a relative change of 2 ± 2%).ConclusionIn patients with single‐vessel coronary artery disease, differences in coronary reserve were clearly detectable when comparing anterior and posterior myocardium. The spin labeling method is noninvasive and easily repeatable, and it could therefore become an important tool to study changes in myocardial perfusion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:555–560. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Right posterior hepatic notch sign: A simple diagnostic MR finding of cirrhosis
Authors: Ito Katsuyoshi , Mitchell Donald G. , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Awaya Hitomi , Koike Shinji , Matsunaga Naofumi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo determine the frequency of occurrence of the right posterior hepatic notch sign at MR imaging in patients with cirrhosis, and to assess its diagnostic capability of this sign as a simple diagnostic MR finding of cirrhosis.Materials and MethodsThis study population included 330 patients with pathologically proved cirrhosis (N = 202) or without clinical evidence of chronic liver diseases (N = 128, control group). MR images were qualitatively evaluated for the presence of the right posterior hepatic notch sign. This sign was considered present if there was a sharp notch in the right posterior surface of the liver. The presence of the expanded gallbladder fossa sign was also evaluated during the same reading session.ResultsThe right posterior hepatic notch sign was observed in 145 of the 202 patients in the cirrhosis group, while this sign was seen in only two of the 128 patients in the control group (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this sign for the MR diagnosis of cirrhosis were 72%, 98%, and 82%, respectively. When the presence of either the expanded gallbladder fossa sign or the right posterior hepatic notch sign was considered for the MR diagnosis of cirrhosis, the sensitivity and accuracy increased to 86% and 89%, respectively.ConclusionThe right posterior hepatic notch sign can be used as a simple and highly specific sign of cirrhosis, if present. The diagnostic performance can be improved when the presence of either the expanded gallbladder fossa sign or the right posterior hepatic notch sign was considered. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:561–566. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of subtle thermal histopathological change using a novel analysis of Gd‐DTPA kinetics
Authors: Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret , Purcell Carrie M. , Bilbao Juan M. , Plewes Donald B. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo investigate Gd‐DTPA kinetics as predictors of histopathological changes following focused ultrasound (FUS) thermal ablation for improved planning and assessment.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐nine FUS lesions were created in the thigh muscle of eight rabbits under MR‐guidance at 1.5 Tesla. Three rabbits were killed at four hours; and 11 lesions were analyzed with histopathology. Temperature‐sensitive MRI using proton‐resonant frequency‐shift was used for time‐dependent temperature measurements. Analysis of the uptake kinetics of Gd‐DTPA was performed after Gd‐DTPA injection, within 20 minutes after heating and again at two hours after heating. The resulting kinetic maps, permeability (Ktrans) and leakage space (ve), were correlated to peak temperatures, T2‐weighted MR, and histopathology.ResultsImages of Ktrans and ve reveal regions of histopathological change not visible on conventional post‐therapy MR. At early times after heating, ve predicts the area of injury more accurately than T2 (7 ± 2% vs. 25 ± 6% underestimation). A circular region of extensive structural/vascular disruption is indicated only on Ktrans maps. The sharp decrease in Ktrans at the boundary of this region occurs at 47.5 ± 0.5°C, and may be a better estimate of cell death than the conventional method of temperature threshold (55°C for coagulation) used in therapy planning.ConclusionOur results suggest Gd‐DTPA kinetics can predict different histopathological changes following FUS ablation and may be valuable for early prediction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:585–598. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.