bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La sériciculture, un révélateur des jeux de pouvoir dans les sociétés rurales françaises au xviiie siècle
Authors: Vérot Jean-Baptiste 
Published: January 2025

Cet article explore le rôle de la sériciculture comme révélateur des jeux de pouvoir dans les sociétés rurales françaises au xviiie siècle. Il examine comment, dans les régions séricicoles, le développement de la culture du mûrier et de l’élevage des vers à soie a modifié les rapports de force et de domination, notamment entre grands propriétaires et petits exploitants, entre hommes et femmes, ou encore entre seigneurs et communautés. Dans les territoires où l’État royal cherche à implanter la sériciculture ex nihilo, l’analyse met en lumière les tensions liées aux efforts – souvent confrontés à des résistances locales – de l’administration royale pour gouverner les campagnes.
Réquisitions, marché noir et colis familiaux
Authors: Lyautey Margot 
Published: January 2025

Dans le cadre de la question d’agrégation externe « Vivre à la campagne en France de 1815 aux années 1970 », le présent article traite d’un aspect particulier de la vie durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le rationnement, afin d’en expliciter les effets dans les campagnes françaises. Pensé comme une synthèse des travaux majeurs sur le sujet, il permet d’aborder l’histoire des campagnes françaises de cette guerre dans une perspective d’histoire du quotidien, « au ras du sol », comme le propose la lettre de cadrage du concours. L’article aborde la mise en place des premières mesures de rationnement au début de la guerre et les effets des rations insuffisantes sur les citadins, puis traite des divers contournements du Ravitaillement général et du développement de filières clandestines, où les ruraux jouent un rôle majeur. Il analyse enfin le rapport de Vichy à la paysannerie, l’échec de sa politique de ravitaillement, et la poursuite des mesures de rationnement malgré la fin de la guerre et de l’Occupation.
Les sociétés rurales face aux risques naturels. Les secours des pouvoirs
Authors: Lachaud Stéphanie 
Published: January 2025

On a souvent dit des sociétés anciennes qu’elles étaient des sociétés sans risque, dans le sens où elles restaient soumises à des menaces qu’elles ne pouvaient ni mesurer ni anticiper. Or, les risques naturels (aléas météorologiques, animaux, etc.) ont une grande place dans la vie quotidienne des campagnes modernes, en raison de leurs répercussions sur les récoltes et sur l’économie agraire et la vie des populations. L’époque moderne se caractérise même par la construction d’un discours neuf sur les expériences vécues, lié aux pratiques émergentes de secours. Au‑delà du discours, les formes de prévoyance et les actions au moment des difficultés participèrent à construire une nouvelle manière de penser le rapport à l’environnement et un rapport plus complexe avec les pouvoirs qui encadrent les sociétés rurales. Ainsi, les xviie‑xviiie siècles sont marqués par deux grandes tendances : d’une part la volonté de comprendre pour agir, d’autre part l’attente de secours plutôt que l’acceptation d’une forme de fatalité, avec une émancipation du pouvoir explicatif de l’Église et un besoin accru de celui de l’État royal.
Auguste de Silz et la chouannerie du Morbihan
Authors: Le Masne Camille , Le Masne Pierre 
Published: January 2025

Au travers de la personne d’Auguste de Silz, premier chef chouan du Morbihan, l’article s’attache à la contre-révolution bretonne, aux relations entre la conjuration La Rouërie et l’insurrection de 1793, aux conflits entre les chefs locaux du Morbihan en 1794-95, au débarquement de Quiberon, enfin à la politique de pacification du général Hoche. Après la reddition de 1796, Auguste de Silz est pris dans un conflit qui dure jusqu’en 1799 entre le département du Morbihan d’un côté, le Directoire et le général Hoche d’autre part. Il est emprisonné à Vannes puis à la forteresse de l’ile de Ré en vue d’une déportation en Guyane.
Adherence, perceptions and knowledge of an HIV PMTCT programme: A mother-baby pair study
Authors: Mabuka Sthembiso , Lowane Mygirl P. , Nesengani Tintswalo V. , Simbeni Thembi V. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes are designed to prevent HIV transmission to infants and children. Despite efforts to achieve this goal, several factors continue to pose challenges.Objectives: To investigate the level of adherence, perceptions, knowledge, and factors associated with adherence to the PMTCT programme in primary healthcare facilities.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design and quantitative research approach was used, and clinical records were reviewed to determine the prevalence of seroconverted babies of mothers enrolled in a PMTCT programme for the past 2 years in the community healthcare centres. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: A total of 341 mother-baby pairs were recruited and took part in the study. Most women (263; 77%), perceived that a pregnant woman living with HIV can transmit the virus to her unborn baby. The following factors were independently associated with non-adherence: being unmarried, the period of maternal HIV diagnosis and initiation on antiretroviral therapy, unsuppressed viral load results, missed clinic appointments, side effects, and getting tired of taking HIV medication.Conclusion: This study investigated adherence to and perceptions of all components of the PMTCT programme by pregnant and breastfeeding women in primary healthcare facilities. Despite the significant progress made, maternal and paediatric HIV pandemic pose a challenge to the PMTCT services. There is a need for follow-up research to monitor the ongoing adherence to the PMTCT programme and its long-term impact in reducing the rate of transmission of HIV in mothers.
Tardive Syndromes: A Challenging Multitude of Maladies
Authors: Kaur Ranjot , Patil Vaibhav , Agarwal Ayush , Srivastava Achal K , Garg Divyani 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
“Tardive syndrome” is an umbrella term for a group of drug-induced movement disorders associated with the prolonged use of mainly dopamine receptor blockers and also other medications. Early recognition followed by gradual withdrawal of the incriminating drug may lead to reversal, although not in all patients. Tardive syndromes are usually mixed movement disorders, with specific phenotypes, which may lead to severe disability. The pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Treatment ranges from medical options, particularly dopamine-depleting agents and chemodenervation (botulinum toxin), to surgical options (deep brain stimulation and lesioning surgeries). Most studies that focused on treatment are limited by small patient numbers. Unfortunately, tardive syndromes often remain under-recognized in clinical practice. This article reviews the historical aspects, epidemiology and risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical phenotypes, and management of tardive syndromes.
Post-Obstructive Pulmonary Edema: A Different Type of Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Malegaonkar Srikant K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Post-obstructive pulmonary edema (POPE) or negative pressure pulmonary edema is a unique clinical entity occurring in the context of airway obstruction. Two distinct subclasses of POPE have been described in literature: type I occurring in the setting of acute airway obstruction and type II occurring after relief of chronic partial airway obstruction. We report the case of a 40-year-old gentleman who developed POPE during rigid bronchoscopy soon after the central airway obstruction was relieved. Patient improved rapidly over the next 24 h with positive pressure ventilation.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction in Post-Surgical Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Samuel Sanju , Kishore Purushothaman , Mathew Jimmy , Iyer Subramania 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment have a huge impact on all aspects of patients’ quality of life (QOL) and their life satisfaction. QOL involves an individual’s subjective assessment of the impact of an illness or treatment on his/her physical, psychological, social, and somatic functioning and general wellbeing. Life satisfaction is defined as the global assessment of a person’s QOL according to his/her chosen criteria.

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate and correlate the QOL and life satisfaction in HNC patients who had undergone surgical treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 HNC patients with a follow-up duration of 6 months to 1 year after surgery took part in our prospective study. The patients’ answers pertaining to QOL given in the questionnaire were collected for the EORTC Head and Neck questionnaire (QOL-H & N35), and then all the points were added to a value ranging between 30 and 240. The questionnaire was translated using validated methods. Clinical stage and mode of surgical treatment applied, with or without post-operative radiation therapy, were chosen to evaluate their effect on the QOL. Certain social factors were also chosen to evaluate their effect on QOL and life satisfaction. Moreover, the effects of age and gender were also studied.

Results:
The statistical analysis of the findings showed a strong correlation between their QOL and life satisfaction (r = − 0.831, P = < 0.001). Spearman’s Rho formula indicates a strong relationship between QOL and life satisfaction.

Conclusion:
After evaluation, this study proposes that there is a strong correlation between the QOL and life satisfaction in HNC patients who were treated surgically.
Routine Preoperative Urine Culture Study in Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Multicentric Follow-up Study for 2 Years in Indian Patients
Authors: George Melvin J. , Dhanasekararaja Palanisami , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Infection is a major complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Various factors have been identified as risk factors for early prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The urinary tract is a common pathogenic shed, which can lead to subsequent surgical site infection. However, the need for routine screening of urine culture before elective surgery, the incidence of urine culture positivity, and subsequent risk of PJI are poorly understood in our population.

Aims:
The aims of this study are as follows: (1) incidence of urine culture positivity in patients undergoing TKA, (2) incidence of postoperative urinary catheterization, and (3) incidence of early PJI secondary to urinary tract infection (UTI).

Materials and Methods:
Patients undergoing primary TKA from November 2018 to October 2021 at two tertiary orthopedic care centers were followed up for 2 years. Complete preoperative investigations including urine culture, serum albumin, blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (Hb) A1c were recorded. Symptomatic UTIs and those patients with significant growth in culture (>1 lakh colony counts/mL) were treated with sensitive antibiotics for 5 days. Follow-up was done for 2 years for PJI.

Results:
A total of 2198 patients were included in the study. In 987 patients (44.9%), a urine routine study was positive for pus cells (>10 pus cells/mL) and out of them, 77 (3.5%) patients were positive for urine culture. The most common organism was Escherichia coli (70.12%) followed by Klebsiella (19.48%). About 43.54% of the patients were diabetic (957), and 64.14% (1410) were anemic (Hb = 13.5–17.5 g/dL in females and 12–15.5 g/dL in males). Around 55.78% of the patients were malnourished (serum albumin <3.5 g/dL). A total of 353 patients were catheterized for postoperative urinary retention (16.06%). About one patient (90.045%) developed early PJI, which was not statistically significant for the correlation with any of the study variables.

Conclusion:
Preoperative urine culture positivity, urinary catheterization, and patient profile do not show a statistically significant correlation with the incidence of early PJI. The need for regular screening of all the patients undergoing TKA for urine culture positivity may not be warranted, however, longer follow-up and larger multicentric studies are recommended in this regard.
Tackling Non-Communicable Diseases in Somalia: A Pathway to SDG 3
Authors: Bashir Ahmed Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant public health challenge in Somalia, impacting the population’s health and hindering socioeconomic development. This article analyzes the NCD landscape in Somalia, including the current situation, existing strategies, progress made, remaining challenges, and the pathway to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. Somalia has undertaken various interventions to comprehensively address NCDs, despite facing challenges such as limited healthcare infrastructure, financial constraints, and sociocultural factors. Strategies to combat NCDs include government initiatives, international support, community engagement, and integration into primary healthcare systems. Success stories demonstrate progress in reducing mortality rates, improving health awareness, and empowering communities to take control of their health as a result of these efforts. Sustained commitment, investment, and collaboration among stakeholders are imperative due to significant challenges that persist. In Somalia, limited healthcare infrastructure and human resources, financial constraints, stigma surrounding NCDs, and gaps in prevention strategies are barriers to effective NCD management. NCDs must be prioritized as a public health priority and efforts aligned with SDG 3 to advance the NCD agenda and overcome challenges. Somalia can build a healthier, more resilient, and prosperous future for its population by doing so. To strengthen healthcare systems, promote health equity, and foster sustainable development, continued advocacy, resource mobilization, capacity building, and multi-sectoral collaboration are necessary. This article advocates for sustained efforts to address NCDs in Somalia, contributing to achieving SDG 3 and improving the health of Somalis.
Betadine versus saline in swapping of subcutaneous tissue to prevent surgical site infection after cesarean section
Authors: El Hameed Ahmed Saleh Ahmed A. , El Ashmawy Ayman El Sayed A. , Mohamed Asmaa G. 
Published: January 2025

Background and aim
The frequency of abdominal wound infection following cesarean delivery ranges from 2 to 10% based on risk factors, so this study aimed to compare betadine (10%) and saline (0.9%) in swapping of subcutaneous tissue for prevention of surgical site infection after primary elective cesarean section.

Patients and methods
This controlled randomized prospective study was done on 300 patients admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Lsis Specialized Hospital Luxor and Al-Azhar University hospitals of Assiut. Patients were divided into three groups.

Results
Hospital stay was significantly lower in the povidone–iodine group and saline group in contrast to the control group. No statistically significant variance was noticed among three groups concerning postoperative pyrexia, the need for additional doses of antibiotics, and secondary sutures (P>0.05). No significant variance among the three groups as regards discharge of pus at first, second, and third visits (P>0.05). No significant variance among the three groups as regards infection score at the first, second, and third visits (P=0.880, 1.00, 1.00, respectively).

Conclusion
The infection rate and infection score remained stable across visits and showed no significant variances among the examined groups. The choice between betadine and saline for subcutaneous tissue irrigation in cesarean sections may influence specific outcomes, including hematological parameters, hospital stay, and signs of infection.
Role of sclerotherapy in treatment of non-neoplastic ovarian cysts
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Asmaa Ahmed , Ahmed Teleb Ahmed Abdelrady , Abdallah Khaled Mohamed Ahmed M. , Mohamed Sara Adel 
Published: January 2025

Background and aim
Ovarian cysts, fluid-filled sacs, are common, benign, and typically go away on their own. Ovarian cysts can be diverse, including theca-lutein, follicular, polycystic, peritoneal inclusion, and hemorrhagic cysts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of sclerotherapy in the treatment of recurrent or persisting non-neoplastic ovarian cysts.

Patients and methods
A cohort study enrolled 52 patients who presented with non-neoplastic ovarian cysts based on ultrasound findings and Tumor markers analysis, underwent sclerotherapy (injection of 1 ampule of Polidocanol 20 ml amount (AMOUN)), to detect its effect in the rate of cyst recurrence, all patients were followed-up with ultrasound and Color Doppler sonography at 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure. In some cases of cyst persistence, a second aspiration and re-injection with Polidocanol were attempted (n=9), while the rest refused repeated aspiration and needed medical management or surgery. The main outcome measure was the disappearance of the cyst and the avoidance of surgery. The cyst was considered resolved if follow‑up revealed either no cystic lesion or only a follicle‑like cyst no more than 30 mm in diameter. This study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospital, Assiut, from September 2022 to January 2024.

Results
As regards the total recurrence of studied cases, there were 35 (67.3%) cases with resolved cysts and 17 (32.7%) cases with recurrent or persistent cysts. High statistically significant relation between recurrence and cyst size (P<0.001). It was found that the larger the cyst, the greater the recurrence rate.

Conclusion
Sclerotherapy emerges as an effective therapeutic option for the management of non-neoplastic ovarian cysts.
Internal jugular distensibility index as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in adult patients undergoing elective surgery – A prospective accuracy study
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Heriwardito Aldy , Agusta Laksmi Senja , Leonard El Nissi , Annabelle Chrisella 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Assessing the intravascular volume is necessary in patients undergoing surgery, but predicting how the body will respond to fluid can be challenging. Evaluation of the internal jugular vein distensibility index (IJV-DI) is an alternative method to determine intravascular volume status. This study aims to determine the suitability of measuring stroke volume by using IJV-DI measurement compared with transthoracic echocardiography in assessing the fluid responsiveness in elective surgery patients.

Methods:
This prospective study involved 79 subjects undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Following anaesthesia induction, IJV-DI and stroke volume measurements were performed before and after fluid administration. Subjects experiencing an increase in stroke volume of more than 10% were categorised as responders. The primary outcome was the suitability of IJV-DI in determining fluid responsiveness compared to transthoracic echocardiography in elective surgery patients. The data were then analysed to assess its diagnostic value using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, the appropriate cut-off point using the Youden index, and the correlation using Spearman’s correlation test.

Results:
A total of 45 subjects were responders. Our analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.871 (95% CI: 0.790, 0.951). The optimal cut-off value was found at an internal jugular vein distensibility index of >12.62% with a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 79.4%. A moderate positive correlation existed between the index and stroke volume increase (r = 0.535, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
IJV-DI assessment is compatible with transthoracic echocardiography stroke volume measurement for evaluating elective surgery patients’ fluid response.
Urinary electrolyte parameters in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: A prospective observational study
Authors: Ravikumar Rajathadri Hosur , Trikha Anjan , Ramachandran Rashmi , Datta Sudip Kumar , Prasanna Mrudula , Rewari Vimi 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Current biomarkers have limitations, necessitating the exploration of alternative indicators. This study aims to evaluate various urinary electrolyte parameters to predict SA-AKI.

Methods:
A prospective observational study included 111 sepsis patients within 24 h of admission. Urinary electrolyte samples were collected, and indices were calculated. Patients were monitored for 7 days to assess for acute kidney injury (AKI) according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition criteria, mortality rates, and the need for renal replacement therapy. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-squared test were used to analyse continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine to discriminatory ability of various parameters in predicting AKI.

Results:
Of 111 patients, 42.3% developed AKI, with a mortality rate of 59.5%. When evaluating urinary parameters, the product of urine sodium and urine creatinine exhibited the maximum full form [area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC): 0.66; 95%CI: 0.56, 0.77)], and the parameter of fractional excretion of potassium (FeK) exhibited an AUROC of 0.62 (95%CI: 0.51, 0.72). Furthermore, 2-hour excretion of potassium revealed a statistically significant correlation with 2-hour creatinine clearance (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). Logistic regression models, incorporating Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, FeK, and urine sodium concentration as variables (P = 0.020, 0.044, and 0.033, respectively), achieved an AUROC of 0.751 in predicting AKI.

Conclusion:
Urine sodium levels and fractional potassium excretion moderately effectively predict AKI in sepsis patients. Urine potassium excretion correlates with glomerular filtration rate.
Minimum effective concentration 90 (EC90) of ropivacaine for Femoral nerve block: A biased-coin up-and-down sequential method study
Authors: Taha Ahmed M. , Mohanan Manjusha , Orduna Sebastian , Alalwi Ahmed F. , Badr Mohamed I. , Abd-Elmaksoud Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
The femoral nerve (FN) is commonly blocked using ropivacaine to provide postoperative analgesia after knee surgery. However, the minimal required concentration has not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to estimate the minimal ropivacaine concentration required to achieve adequate analgesic FN block in 90% of cases (EC90).

Methods:
This study included 50 patients who were scheduled for knee ligament reconstruction under combined nerve block and general anaesthesia. The FN block was performed using 15 mL of ropivacaine with varying concentrations and considered adequate when associated with pain-free recovery. The sciatic, obturator, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves were blocked to negate other knee pain generators, and their block success was confirmed. We used the biased-coin design up–down sequential method where the adequacy of an FN block altered the ropivacaine concentration used for the next block. The adequacy of the analgesic block or lack of it was analysed to calculate the analgesic EC90. The quadriceps motor power and morphine requirement were also recorded.

Results:
The recommended analgesic ropivacaine EC90 was 0.05% w/v. The associated quadriceps weakness and morphine requirement were minimal.

Conclusion:
FN block using ropivacaine 0.05% w/v may provide adequate analgesia in 90% of patients.