bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferative activities of epithelial and connective tissue cells in the rat periodontal regeneration using argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions staining
Authors: Usuda J. , Hashimoto S. , Enokiya Y. , Inoue T. , Shimono M. 
Published: April 2004

Background and objective:  It is still an open question why long junctional epithelium can proliferate and occupies the root surface following periodontal surgery or experimentally produced periodontitis, and why the epithelium repopulated once on the root surface is replaced by the connective tissue. The aim of this study is to investigate the proliferative activity of the newly formed regenerative connective tissue and long junctional epithelium during wound healing by staining argyrophilic proteins of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs).Methods:  Regenerative connective tissue and long junctional epithelium were experimentally created by insertion of a rubber piece between maxillary molars of rats for 1 week. After removal of the rubber, AgNORs parameters including nuclear area (NA), AgNORs area (AA), AgNORs percentage nuclear area (APNA), AgNORs number (AN) and nuclear number (NN) in regenerative connective tissue and long junctional epithelium were measured and analyzed statistically.Results:  APNA in long junctional epithelium after 1 and 4 weeks was over two times greater than that in the regenerative connective tissue. AA in long junctional epithelium was significantly higher than in regenerative connective tissue at 1 and at 4 weeks post‐treatment. AN was higher in the central portion than at the root surface except at 20 weeks. APNA and AA decreased remarkably in long junctional epithelium at 12 weeks post‐treatment (approximately half at 4 weeks), whereas in regenerative connective tissue, they did not change distinctly.Conclusions:  These results imply that long junctional epithelium cannot supply sufficient epithelial cells because of their significantly low rates of proliferation, consequently long junctional epithelium becomes shorter after 12 weeks, whereas the proliferative activity of regenerative connective tissue maintains the same level of proliferation, and ultimately long junctional epithelium is replaced by regenerative connective tissue.
Short Reviews
Authors: Bongaarts John , Greenhalgh Susan , McNicoll Geoffrey , Montgomery Mark , Todaro Michael P. 
Published: April 2004

Books reviewed in this article: Max Essex, Souleymane Mboup, Phyllis J. Kanki, Richard G. Marlink, and Sheila D. Tlou (eds.) AIDS in Africa, Second Edition Virginie Guiraudon and Christian Joppke (eds.) Controlling a New Migration World Anke Niehof and Firman Lubis (eds.) Two Is Enough: Family Planning in Indonesia under the New Order 1968–1998 Donald T. Rowland Demographic Methods and Concepts Thomas Scharping Birth Control in China, 1949–2000: Population Policy and Demographic Development Nelly P. Stromquist Education in a Globalized World: The Connectivity of Economic Power, Technology, and Knowledge United Nations World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision Yunxiang Yan Private Life Under Socialism: Love, Intimacy, and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949–1999
Both donor and recipient NOD2/CARD15 mutations associate with transplant-related mortality and GvHD following allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Holler Ernst , Rogler Gerhard , Herfarth Hans , Brenmoehl Julia , Wild Peter Johannes , Hahn Joachim , Eissner Günther , Schölmerich Jürgen , Andreesen Reinhard 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOD2/CARD15 gene resulting in a diminished nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) response to bacterial cell wall products have been associated with an increased incidence of Crohn disease. To assess a possible contribution of NOD2/CARD15 mutations to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and complications following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, we retrospectively typed DNA from donor/recipient pairs in 169 consecutive patients receiving transplants from related or unrelated donors. Mutated alleles were observed in 21% of patients and in 14% of donors. Cumulative incidence of 1-year, transplant-related mortality rose from 20% in donor/recipient pairs without mutated SNPs to 49% in pairs with recipient mutations (P = .03) and 59% in pairs with donor mutations (P &lt; .005), and was highest in 12 pairs with mutated alleles in both donor and recipients (83%; P &lt; .001). Similar associations were observed for severe overall and severe gastrointestinal GvHD. The impact of NOD2/CARD15 mutations was more prominent for HLA-identical sibling transplantations but was also observed in unrelated donor transplantation. Mutations proved to be independent risk factors for transplant-related mortality. Our findings indicate a major role of monocyte/macrophage dysfunction in the pathophysiology of GvHD and strongly suggest a future risk assessment or even donor selection through NOD2/CARD15 typing.
Effects of the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 on tumor growth in HTLV-1 Tax transgenic mice and Tax tumor transplants
Authors: Mitra-Kaushik Shibani , Harding John C. , Hess Jay L. , Ratner Lee 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of cancers, including human T-cell leukemia/lymphotrophic virus 1 (HTLV-1)–transformed CD4 T cells. The activation of NF-κB is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα). We investigated the effects of PS-341, a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in HTLV-1 Tax transgenic tumors in vitro and in vivo. In Tax transgenic mice, PS-341 administered thrice weekly inhibited tumor-associated NF-κB activity. Quantitation of proliferation, apoptosis, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 secretion by tumor cells in culture revealed that the effects of PS-341 on cell growth largely correlated with inhibition of pathways mediated by NF-κB. However, the effect of PS-341 on the growth of tumors in Tax transgenic mice revealed heterogeneity in drug responsiveness. The tumor tissues treated with PS-341 show no consistent inhibition of NFκB activation in vivo. Annexin V staining indicated that PS-341 response in vivo correlated with sensitivity to apoptosis induced by γ irradiation. On the other hand, transplanted Tax tumors in Rag-1 mice showed consistent inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival in response to the same drug regimen. TUNEL staining indicated that PS-341 treatment sensitizes Tax tumors to DNA fragmentation.
Meglitinides: Basic Aspects and Clinical Uses
Authors: Davies M.J. , Chatterjee Sudesna 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe meglitinides offer an opportunity to target specifically the postprandial hyperglycemia that occurs commonly in patients with type 2 diabetes. Their rapid onset and short duration of action leads to more “physiological” release of insulin and partially restores the pattern of postprandial insulin secretion that is defective in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This potentially allows tighter glycemic control while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. As prandial glucose regulators they allow flexible dosing such that a tablet need only be taken before a patient has a meal. Repaglinide in particular has been shown to reduce HbA1cand is well‐tolerated by patients both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents. It appears to have some advantages from head‐to‐head studies with sulfonylureas. Nateglinide appears to produce a faster early‐phase insulin response that gives it the potential to produce less hypoglycemia, but randomized controlled trials in comparison with sulfonylureas are lacking. Both agents are more expensive than sulfonylureas. Formal data regarding cost‐effectiveness are not currently available. However, their flexible administration may be of benefit in certain subgroups such as shift‐workers and those with flexible lifestyles. Efficacy in early diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is currently being investigated. The ability to flexibly dose with these agents makes them useful in patients with flexible lifestyles. Macrovascular and microvascular outcome data for the meglitinides are awaited.
Psychological Problems and Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jacobson Alan M. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Diabetes is a complex chronic illness placing intense personal demands on patients and their families. The change process requires a successful relationship with the health care team. One major activity of the team is to promote and assist patient self‐care success. Recognizing barriers that impede this success is a critical part of the assessment process. Moreover, psychological problems such as depression, eating disorders, and anxiety are key aspects of patient functioning. These problems occur at increased frequency among patients with diabetes. Thus a clear understanding of these mental health problems and their role in the treatment process are critical aspects of the knowledge base for clinicians who treat such patients. Specific psychological and quality‐of‐life measures may be very useful in the assessment of diabetic patients in order to guide intervention strategies.
Early diagnosis of Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome triggered by a life‐threatening event: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: van Dooren M.F. , Brooks A.S. , Hoogeboom A.J.M. , van den Hoonaard T.L. , de Klein J.E.M.M. , Wouters C.H. , Tibboel D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS, OMIM 194190) is a chromosomal disorder characterized by retarded mental and physical growth, microcephaly, Greek helmet appearance of the facies, seizures/epilepsy. Closure defects of lip or palate, and cardiac septum defects occur in 30–50% of cases. Its cause is a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 4. We present a male patient, born after 37 weeks gestation, as the fourth pregnancy of non‐consanguineous healthy parents, with unilateral cleft lip and palate, hypertelorism, a right‐sided ear tag, and mild epispadias. At age 10 weeks he developed acute respiratory distress and acute bowel obstruction requiring emergency laparotomy. This revealed a left‐sided posterolateral diaphragmatic defect, type Bochdalek, with incarceration of the small intestines necessitating major bowel resection. Clinical genetic investigation suggested a chromosome anomaly, but regular karyotyping was normal. However, FISH analysis showed a microdeletion in the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p‐), consistent with WHS. A combination of this syndrome with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been rarely described. CDH can present either as an isolated defect at birth, or with multiple congenital abnormalities, or as part of a defined syndrome or chromosomal disorder. Therefore CDH, although not common in WHS, can lead to its diagnosis relatively early in life. We strongly recommend a clinical genetic evaluation of each CDH patient with facial anomalies taking into consideration 4p‐ deletion syndrome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for linkage between regulatory enzymes in glycolysis and schizophrenia in a multiplex sample
Authors: Stone William S. , Faraone Stephen V. , Su Jessica , Tarbox Sarah I. , Van Eerdewegh Paul , Tsuang Ming T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObservations of impaired glucose regulation in schizophrenia are long‐standing, although their pathological and etiological significance is uncertain. One approach to the issue that minimizes environmental variables (e.g., medication and diet) is to determine whether genes related to glucose regulation show genetic linkage to schizophrenia. We examined the potential role of glucose metabolism in schizophrenia through a genome scan of affection status in schizophrenia and an empirical method for deriving P‐values. Data were utilized from the NIMH Genetics Initiative for Schizophrenia dataset, which comprises a total sample consisting of 71 pedigrees containing 218 nuclear families and 987 individuals. A genome scan with 459 markers spaced at an average of 10 cM intervals was conducted using the linkage analysis program Genehunter separately for European‐ and African‐American groups. Enzymes that regulate glycolysis were identified and the genes regulating these enzymes were located through the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) website. The focus in this study was on genes located near previously reported schizophrenia susceptibility regions. The genome‐wide significance of these genes to schizophrenia was assessed using permutation testing. When results were adjusted for multiple testing within and across ethnic groups, 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2; chromosome 1q32.2) achieved genome‐wide significance (P = 0.04). In addition, hexokinase 3 (HK3; chromosome 5q35.3) was also suggestive of linkage (P = 0.09). For the European‐American sample, PFKFB2 (1q32.2), hexokinase 3 (HK3; 5q35.3), and pyruvate kinase 3 (PK3; chromosome 15q23) achieved significance at the 0.05 level. None of the genes showed significance in the African‐American sample. Our results provide further support for the view that genes that regulate glucose metabolism may also influence susceptibility to schizophrenia. More generally, they support the view that relationships between glucose dysregulation and schizophrenia are inherent to the disorder, and are not merely epiphenomena related to medication or other treatment factors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated physical map of the human essential tremor gene region (ETM2) on chromosome 2p24.3‐p24.2
Authors: Higgins Joseph. J. , Lombardi Roni Q. , Pucilowska Joanna , Ruszczyk Melanie U. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA gene for autosomal dominant familial essential tremor maps to a 9.1 cM interval flanked by loci D2S224 and D2S405 (ETM2) on human chromosome 2p24.3‐p24.2. The recombinatorial boundaries of the interval were refined on a radiation hybrid map to a 123 cR minimal critical region (MCR) between D2S224 and D2S2221. High‐throughput non‐isotopic screening of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) was used to assemble a physical map of the region. A scaffold BAC map of 31 overlapping clones was ordered by their sequence tagged site (STS) content using PCR and Southern blotting. A complementary 3.9 Mb integrated physical map of the human ETM2 region was constructed by identifying GenBank contigs that contained seven BAC DNA sequences and common STSs. Thirty‐three transcripts including five known genes (MATN3, LAPTM4A, SDC1, PUM2, and APOB) were identified in the MCR and ordered on an integrated contig by PCR and virtual mapping. This physical map will provide a template for genomic sequencing and the identification of a gene for essential tremor. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of relevance levels on the effectiveness of interactive information retrieval
Authors: Vakkari Pertti , Sormunen Eero 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the effect of graded relevance on the results of interactive information retrieval (IR) experiments based on assigned search tasks in a test collection. A group of 26 subjects searched for four Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) topics using automatic and interactive query expansion based on relevance feedback. The TREC‐ and user‐suggested pools of relevant documents were reassessed on a four‐level relevance scale. The results show that the users could identify nearly all highly relevant documents and about half of the marginal ones. Users also selected a fair number of irrelevant documents for query expansion. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of query expansion is closely related to the searchers' success in retrieving and identifying highly relevant documents for feedback. The implications of the results on interpreting the findings of past experiments with liberal relevance thresholds are also discussed.
Anatomical basis for functional treatment of dorsolateral dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Lutz M. , Fritz D. , Arora R. , Kathrein A. , Gabl M. , Pechlaner S. , Del Frari B. , Poisel S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDorsolateral dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is a common injury to the hand. Closed reduction of the dislocation anatomically realigns the avulsed ligaments; thus patients may be managed non‐operatively. Standard treatment involves placement of a dorsal splint to prevent hyperextension and lateral stresses. This allows early active motion of the PIP joint while preventing a flexion contracture. In this fresh cadaver study, the PIP joint in 24 fingers was dorsolaterally dislocated. Four digits had to be excluded from the investigation due to a fracture dislocation with a bony fragment of >40% of the articular surface of the middle phalanx. After closed reduction, seven digits were further studied using the cryosection technique described by Kathrein et al. (1996, Clin. Anat. 9:227–231) to demonstrate the position of the avulsed palmar plate. In another 13 joints, the torn ligaments were examined by gross dissection. In 10° of finger flexion, the avulsed palmar plate lay at its previous attachment to the base of the middle phalanx. The collateral ligament, ruptured at its attachment to the side of the head of the proximal phalanx, returned to its original position and was not interposed in the joint. The split between the collateral ligament and the accessory collateral ligament was also closed. Our data suggest that the ligamentous structures of the PIP joint, namely the palmar plate and collateral ligaments, typically return to their anatomic positions upon simple closed reduction of dorsolateral dislocations in fresh cadavers. Clin. Anat. 17:303–307, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic study of the morphology of Vieussens valve
Authors: Zawadzki M. , Pietrasik A. , Pietrasik K. , Marchel M. , Ciszek B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVieussens valve (Vv) is the ostial valve of the great cardiac vein located near the beginning of the coronary sinus. Knowledge of its anatomy is important for several trans‐sinus cardiologic procedures. The frequency of its presence is reported to vary from 65–87%. We documented the post mortem morphology of Vieussens valve in 50 unfixed, intact human coronary sinuses using endoscopy. We believe this is the first study of the anatomy of the coronary sinus and the adjacent venous ostia to employ this technique. Vieussens valve was observed in 78% of specimens. Special attention was given to the shape of the valve leaflets. Five morphological types of Vv were distinguished: single leaflet, flat (16%); single leaflet, concave (20%); double leaflet, flat (8%); double leaflet, concave (32%); and triple leaflet, concave (2%). We found post mortem endoscopy of the coronary sinus to be a good and reliable method of visualizing Vieussens valve. Clin. Anat. 17:318–321, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fludarabine‐containing chemotherapy as frontline treatment of nongastrointestinal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Stefoni Vittorio , Musuraca Gerardo , Tani Monica , Alinari Lapo , Gabriele Annalisa , Marchi Enrica , Pileri Stefano , Baccarani Michele 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDMucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a specific clinicopathologic entity with gastric and nongastrointestinal site involvement. The authors reported the clinical outcome of patients with Stage IE nongastrointestinal MALT lymphoma treated with a frontline fludarabine‐containing regimen or with a regimen containing cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP).METHODSBetween 1998 and 2001, 31 patients with Stage IE disease were referred to the Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology at the University of Bologna (Bologna, Italy). Presenting sites included periorbital soft tissue (n = 8), lung (n = 5), skin (n = 5), salivary glands (n = 5), lacrimal glands (n = 5), and thyroid (n = 3). Twenty patients were treated with fludarabine and mitoxantrone (FM), and 11 were treated with the CVP regimen. The median follow‐up was 3 years.RESULTSAll patients achieved complete responses (CR). Four patients, all treated with CVP, experienced disease recurrence and then achieved a second CR after FM salvage treatment. No tumor recurrence was observed in patients with thyroid, lacrimal gland, or pulmonary lymphoma. The projected 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival rates were 100% and 85%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe fludarabine‐containing FM regimen provided a relatively effective frontline (or salvage) treatment option for patients with nongastrointestinal Stage IE MALT lymphoma and probably was superior to CVP in terms of efficacy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The clinical significance of large cells in bone marrow in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ma Yupo , Mansour Adnan , Bekele B. Nebiyou , Zhou Xian , Keating Michael J. , O'Brien Susan , Giles Francis J. , Albitar Maher 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that transforms to Richter syndrome (RS) frequently show atypical lymphocytes in bone marrow; however, a diagnosis of RS requires confirmation of the presence of sheets of large cells in bone marrow or lymph nodes.METHODSIn this study, the authors evaluated the clinical significance of scattered large cells in bone marrow. They assessed the possibility of predicting transformation to RS in bone marrow smears by counting the percentages of prolymphocytes and large cells in 78 patients with CLL and 29 patients with lymph node biopsy‐confirmed RS.RESULTSThe percentage of large cells was found to be correlated with decreasing survival in a continuous fashion (P= 0.006). It is interesting to note that patients who had > 7% large cells in the bone marrow and elevated β2‐microglobulin (β2‐M) levels (> 5 mg/L) had a survival duration identical to that of patients with RS, and these factors together were a strong predictor of RS (P< 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPatients with CLL who had bone marrow that contained > 7% large cells and who had β2‐M levels > 5 mg/L had a disease that was similar to RS, and the combination of large cells and β2‐M can be used as a surrogate marker for RS. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.