bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary palpebral and orbital ossification in pseudo‐pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Klauber Stefan , Heegaard Steffen , Prause Jan Ulrik 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To present a case of ossification of the eyelid, episclera and orbit in a patient with pseudo‐pseudohypoparathyroidism (pPHP).Methods:  A 20‐year‐old woman diagnosed with pseudo‐pseudohypoparathyroidism underwent clinical and histopathological examination of calcified plaques of the right eyelid and orbit. The patient presented with a round face, tousled short hair and retarded speech. She had been diagnosed with pPHP at 3 years of age. During her first decade, calcified plaques developed in the right eyelid and orbit. Gradually, she developed horizontal diplopia, pseudo‐ptosis and periorbital pain. Vertical eye movements were reduced to 10 mm, although levator function remained intact. Computer tomography scans of the orbit showed three separate dense structures. Radiographic findings also showed bilateral shortening of the fourth metacarpus and a calcified subcutaneous plaque in the left thigh. The patient's blood status revealed an elevated level of thyroid stimulating hormone, but was otherwise normal. The patient was treated with eltroxin and shortly afterwards regained normal hair and normal speech function.Results: The calcified structures were removed surgically and almost normal eye movements were re‐established. Histological examination of the excised tissue demonstrated bone formation.Conclusion:  This is the first reported case of ossification of the eyelid and orbit in a patient with pseudo‐pseudohypoparathyroidism.
The short‐term IOP‐lowering effect of brimonidine 0.2% and dorzolomide 2% combination in primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Ermis Sitki Samet , Ozturk Faruk , Inan Umit Ubeyt 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To evaluate the ocular hypotensive effect of dorzolamide 2% in primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) of at least 22 mmHg despite ongoing twice daily treatment with brimonidine 0.2%.Patients and Methods:  Nineteen eyes of 19 patients with POAG and IOP ≥ 22 mmHg, on twice daily brimonidine therapy, were included in the study. Intraocular pressure and adverse effects were recorded on days 2, 7, 14 and 30 after adding dorzolamide three times daily to the treatment.Results:  Mean pretreatment IOP was 27.6 ± 2.2 mmHg. This decreased to 24.2 ± 2.2 mmHg after a mean duration of 23.8 ± 12.1 days. After dorzolamide was added to the treatment, mean IOP was 20.8 ± 2.3 mmHg on day 2, 19.3 ± 2.2 mmHg on day 7, 18.0 ± 2.5 mmHg on day 14 and 17.2 ± 2.3 mmHg on day 30. The differences between pre‐ and post‐treatment IOP values were statistically significant (p < 0.0001, anova test).Conclusion:  Dorzolamide administered three times daily has significant additive ocular hypotensive effect in POAG patients whose IOP is elevated despite ongoing treatment with brimonidine.
The accuracy of the Vivacare true pressure‐sensitive periodontal probe system in terms of probing force
Authors: Bergenholtz Axel , Al‐Harbi Nader , Al‐Hummayani Faudia M. , Anton Peter , Al‐Kahtani Saad 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The Hunter TPS Vivacare periodontal probe was invented to perform consistent, accurate and reliable periodontal examinations “with controlled pressures”.Aims:The aims of the present investigation are 3: (1) what is the accuracy of the probing force when various probe heads are used in a correct operation position; (2) what is the effect of over‐ and under‐reading of the operation position on the probing force; (3) what is the accuracy of the probing force when different probe handles are used. The Hunter TPS probe consists of a tip connected to a special spring mechanism, which controls the pressure extended to the probe tip. According to the manufacturer, the force indicator lines coincide at approximately 20 g force.Method: The test apparatus consisted of an electronic balance, and an electronic caliper. 12 TPS probes tips and 3 handles were selected to test whether there were differences in force between probes. Each probe tip was adapted to the same handle and tested 10 times. In a 2nd test, the TPS‐handles and over‐, accurate‐, and under‐readings were analyzed as to how they affect the probing force. The 12 TPS probe tips were connected to each of the 3 handles and tested 10× for each of 3 handles and levels.Results: The range in force between TPS probe tips was 8.4 g (p<0.001). For the handles as well as for each of the readings of the operating positions, the differences were small and non‐significant. However, between over‐ and under‐readings, there were statistical significant differences.Conclusions: The conclusion is that the variation in force between probe tips is high and always above the manufacturer's “approximately” 20 g. As long as the same handle and the same probe tip are used together, and the examiner is reading the markings correct, the. TPS probe is adequate.
Comparisons of clinical and radiographic measurements of inter‐proximal vertical defects before and 1 year after surgical treatments
Authors: Zybutz Michael , Rapoport Darrin , Laurell Lars , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Radiographic measurements are often used as a substitute for direct clinical measurements requiring re‐entry surgery for follow‐up outcome studies.Aims:(1) To assess the reliability of clinical and radiographic measurements of periodontal defects as compared to direct bone measurements during surgical procedures, and (2) to assess the associations between selected clinical and radiographic measurements of periodontal inter‐proximal defects.Methods: 57 inter‐proximal periodontal defects were measured at baseline and at 12 months after surgical treatment. Direct measurements during surgery of the distance between the CEJ to the bottom of defects (ABL) were compared with probing to bone (PB), probing attachment level (PAL), and radiographic measurements.Results: Probing to bone is an accurate measure to assess inter‐proximal bone level as compared to ABL (mean difference: 0.1 mm) and that intra‐oral standardized radiographs underestimate bone level and defect depth by approximately 1.4 mm. The interpretation of periodontal changes between baseline and 12 months after treatment by probing to bone, or PAL measurements, or from radiographic images yield almost identical results (mean difference0.2 mm). For the assessments of changes over time using PB change as the standard, intra‐class correlation (ICC) coefficients varied between 0.52 to 0.90. The best ICC coefficient was found for relative attachment level change assessed by the Florida probe (0.90), and with an ICC value of 0.61 for changes assessed from intra‐oral radiographs. Two‐way analysis of variance failed to demonstrate differences between sets of comparisons.Conclusions: Both radiographic interpretations of changes over time, and measurements of attachment level changes are reliable in assessing the treatment outcome of inter‐proximal intra‐bony defects when compared to probing to bone changes as the standard method.
Expression of intracellular elastase activity in peripheral neutrophils from patients with adult periodontitis
Authors: Figueredo C. M. S. , Gustafsson A. , Åsman B. , Bergström K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether circulating neutrophils from patients with periodontitis contain more catalytically active elastase than neutrophils from healthy controls. The amount of IL‐1β in these cells was also analyzed and the correlation with elastase activity was tested. The periodontitis group consisted of 15 subjects with marked periodontal destruction. The healthy control group consisted of 15 subjects with no clinical signs of periodontal destruction. The elastase activity and the IL‐1β content in the cells were measured with flow cytometry using a specific substrate and antibodies, respectively. The plasma concentration of IL‐1β and the total content of antigenic elastase in the crushed cells were measured with an ELISA. The elastase activity per neutrophil was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls, while the total antigenic elastase content did not differ. The % of cells positively stained for IL‐1β was somewhat higher in the patient group. Significantly higher amounts of IL‐1β per sample, estimated by multiplying the % of stained cell with the amount of staining per cell, were found in the patient group. A significant correlation between IL‐Iβ and elastase activity was noted in the patient group (R=0.6, p=0.001), but not in the control group. In conclusion, peripheral neutrophils from patients with adult periodontitis express more active elastase and total amounts of IL‐1. The similar amounts of antigenic elastase suggests that this higher activity is possibly due to some kind of priming /activation already in the circulation.
Analysis of aspartate aminotransferase in gingival crevicular fluid assessed by using PocketWatchTM: a longitudinal study with initial therapy
Authors: Shimada Koichi , Mizuno Tsuyoshi , Ohshio Kaori , Kamaga Masayuki , Murai Seidai , Ito Koichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by using PocketWatchTM before and after initial therapy in patients with chronic adult periodontitis and to determine the relationship between AST and conventional measures of periodontal status, such as probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and gingival index.Method: A total of 11 patients with chronic adult periodontitis were enrolled. Their periodontal status and AST levels in GCF were measured at baseline and post‐initial therapy (the number of pockets=67), and statistically analyzed.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in AST levels between diseased periodontal sites (1.2±0.7) and healthy sites (0.3±0.6, p<0.05), and between baseline and post‐initial therapy (p<0.05). Improvements in clinical status were noted following periodontal therapy and there was a corresponding decrease in AST levels.Conclusions: In conclusion, it is suggested that AST levels may be a useful adjunct in the clinical assessment of periodontal disease sites, since AST level decreases when periodontal status improves.
Acoustic energy affects human gingival fibroblast proliferation but leaves protein production unchanged
Authors: Jones Heather , Feth Lawrence , Rumpf Deborah , Hefti Arthur , Mariotti Angelo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Sonic toothbrushes are well‐established in oral home care for plaque removal; however, the effects of low frequency acoustic (sonic) energy released from sonic toothbrushes to the cells of the periodontium have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sonic energy on human gingival fibroblast proliferation and protein production in cell culture.Methods: Direct and indirect transfer calibration studies found the fundamental frequency of the Sonicare® sonic toothbrush to be 261 hertz (Hz) with amplitudes ranging from 70 to 104 decibels (dB) in the human periodontium. Using an in vitro delivery system, which coupled a signal‐wave generator with a bone transducer to mimic the energy delivered by the Sonicare® toothbrush, the effects of signal, amplitude and duration were evaluated longitudinally using a gingival fibroblast cell culture model. 8 strains of fibroblasts isolated from healthy human gingiva were seeded at 30,000 cells/35 mm culture dish in minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. To ascertain the relationship of the amplitude and the duration of sonic stimulation to cellular proliferation, gingival fibroblasts were subjected 2× daily to 261 Hz sound at various amplitudes (67–97 dB) for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 s on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10.Results: It was found that either 30 or 120 s of sound exposure for 10 days of treatment had significant effects on cell proliferation in comparison to control cultures. Specifically, at day 10, 87 dB at 261 Hz for 30 s 2× daily resulted in a 25.5% increase in cell number (p<0.001), whereas 87 dB at 261 Hz for 120 s twice daily caused a 30.9% decrease in cell number (p<0.001) when compared to control cultures. When cells are stimulated under optimum acoustic conditions for 10 days, there was no difference between the treatment and control groups for collagen (p=0.897) or noncollagen (p=0.697) protein production.Conclusions: Sonic energy has been shown to both increase and decrease cellular proliferation depending on exposure time; however, during optimum sound‐induced conditions for cellular proliferation, sonic energy had no effect on fibroblast protein production. These data suggest that sonic energy can affect the behavior of cells in culture. Further research into the mechanisms of these changes will provide important information for manipulating cellular behavior.
A sedation technique for implant and periodontal surgery
Authors: Craig David C. , Boyle Carole A. , Fleming Garry J. P. , Palmer Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: Evaluation of a sedation technique which involved titrating intravenous midazolam to an ‘ideal’ sedation end point, followed by a continuous infusion of propofol. This technique might be a satisfactory alternative to general anaesthesia for implant surgery in anxious patients or when procedures exceed 60‐min duration.Material and Methods: 20 patients were treated on 23 occasions. A 2‐mg bolus of midazolam was injected intravenously followed after 90 s by 1 mg increments until the patient was adequately sedated. 30 min after this induction with midazolam, a propofol infusion was started at a rate which varied between 0–300 mg/h (0–30 ml/h). The actual infusion rate was adjusted in order to maintain the optimum sedation level which had been achieved using midazolam. The quality of sedation was assessed using Ellis and Sedation scores.Results: Midazolam dosage varied between 5 and 14 mg. The initial propofol infusion rate was 200 mg/h (20 ml/h) for 21 of the 23 implant surgery treatments.Conclusion: The sedation technique described takes advantage of the differing pharmacokinetic properties of midazolam and propofol. Initial sedation was achieved using midazolam, this was then maintained using a variable propofol infusion. The shorter distribution and elimination half‐lifes of the latter drug made matching the level of sedation to the patient's needs easier and also provided good short‐term recovery.
Myxoid liposarcoma of the oral cavity with involvement of the periodontal tissues
Authors: Favia Gianfranco , Maiorano Eugenio , Orsini Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Liposarcoma is the 2nd most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in adults, but it is extremely rare in the head and neck and, particularly, in the oral cavity. We report on a 25‐year‐old female who presented with a periodontal mass, extended from the right upper 3rd molar to the right upper 2nd premolar, covered by intact oral mucosa. The clinical differential diagnosis included peripheral giant cell granuloma, salivary gland neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva, sarcoma and malignant lymphoma.Methods: To accurately plan subsequent treatment, an excisional biopsy was performed and a myxoid liposarcoma was diagnosed. Consequently, the patient underwent wide excision of the neoplasm with maxillary en‐block resection.Results: The post‐operative course was uneventful and the patient is alive and well 8 years after the original diagnosis. The authors stress the importance of considering soft tissue sarcomas in the diagnostic approach to patients with unusual periodontal neoplasms and to plan adequate surgical sampling of the lesion (i.e. excisional biospy).Conclusions: This appears of pivotal importance as more limited specimens may result in inaccurate pre‐operative diagnosis.
The effect of chewing sugar‐free gum on plaque regrowth at smooth and occlusal surfaces
Authors: Hanham A. , Addy M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and aim: Chewing gum has the potential to provide oral health benefits including plaque control. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chewing sugar free gum on plaque regrowth at buccal, lingual and occlusal surfaces of teeth.Method and materials:11 healthy and dentally‐fit dental hygiene students participated in this randomised, single‐blind crossover 4‐day plaque regrowth study. From a zero plaque score on day 1, subjects suspended oral hygiene measures and either chewed gum or did not chew gum over 4 days. Gum chewing was one piece chewed for 30 min 4 × per day. On day 4, subjects were scored for plaque after disclosing from buccal, lingual and unrestored occlusal surfaces.Results: There was no significant difference in smooth surface plaque scores between the treatments but significantly less plaque accumulated (44%) at occlusal surfaces during gum chewing compared to no gum chewing.Conclusion: Chewing gum can reduce plaque accumulation at sites of predilection for caries but has little or no effect at sites of predilection for gingivitis.
Oscillating/rotating electric toothbrushes compared: plaque removal and gingival abrasion
Authors: Van Der Weijden G. A. , Timmerman M. F. , Piscaer M. , Ijzerman Y. , Van Der Velden U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: This study was designed to test the efficacy in plaque removal and the potential for gingival abrasion of 3 electric toothbrushes. The established Braun Oral‐B ‘Ultra’ plaque remover (D9), the Philips/Jordan HP 735, and the newly designed Braun Oral‐B 3D Plaque Remover (3D).Material and Methods: This study was designed as a split‐mouth, single blind, randomised clinical study consisting of 3 identical experiments with 3 combinations of toothbrushes (exp 1:3D–HP735, exp 2:D9–HP735, exp 3:D9–3D). 40 subjects were requested not to brush their teeth 48 h prior to each examination. At this visit, both the gums and teeth were disclosed for the assessment of baseline plaque and gingival abrasion. Abrasion sites were scored as small (5 mm) or large sites (>5 mm). Plaque was assessed according to the Quigley & Hein index at 6 sites per tooth. The participants brushed 60 s with the 2 brushes, each brush in 2 randomly selected contra‐lateral quadrants.Results: The increase in number of small abrasions after brushing (exp. 1) was 1.2 versus 1.7 for 3D and HP735, respectively (ns); In exp. 2 the increase was 0.9 for both D9 and HP735. In exp. 3 the increase was 0.4 sites for both D9 and 3D. Comparison of the 3D and HP735 showed a mean plaque reduction of 67% and 54%, respectively (p<0.05); when the D9 and HP735 were compared, a mean plaque reduction of 70% and 58%, respectively, was found (p<0.05); a mean plaque reduction of 74% was found in the comparison of D9 and 3D.Conclusion: The results show that the potential gingival abrasion after brushing is comparable for all 3 electric toothbrushes. In addition the longer the subjects used the brushes the less abrasion occurred. Finally both 3D and D9 were more effective than the HP735 in removing plaque.
Treatment outcome for IDDM patients in relation to glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and serum IgG to periodontal pathogens
Authors: Sims Tom J. , Lernmark Åke , Smith Todd , Page Roy C. , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have elevated risk for periodontitis (PD) relative to subjects without diabetes. Whether refractory PD in IDDM patients is related to autoimmunity as indicated by serum glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody GAD Ab levels or to host bacterial immunity as reflected by serum antibody titers to periodontal pathogens is unknown.Aims: To determine if non‐surgical periodontal treatment outcome differs between GAD Ab‐seropositive and ‐seronegative IDDM patients by assessing the following parameters: (1) pretreatment serum levels of GAD Ab, (2) pretreatment serum IgG titers to key periodontal pathogens, and (3) changes in periodontal pocket probing depth (PDC) after treatment.Methods: Before and two months after periodontal treatment of 11 GAD Ab‐seronegative and 7 ‐seropositive subjects, PDC was assessed and serum GAD Ab and IgG to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Bacteroides forsythus (Bf), and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) were studied using established radioligand precipitation and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively.Results: The PDC decrease was significantly better for GAD Ab‐seronegative subjects than for seropositive subjects (median 1.4 mm±0.5 s.d. versus 0.5 mm±0.3 s.d., p<0.03, Mann‐Whitney). GAD Ab levels and PDC were positively correlated (r=+0.71, p<0.05) for sero‐positive subjects but were neutral (r=−0.07) for seronegative subjects. Serum IgG to Pg and GAD Ab levels were positively associated (r2=0.42) in seropositive subjects. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that GAD Ab status was the primary discriminator for PDC (p<0.04).Conclusion: Detection of elevated GAD Ab levels in combination with elevated IgG titers to Pg before treatment is indicative of IDDM patients with refractory PD.
Untreated periodontal disease in Indonesian adolescents
Authors: Timmerman M. F. , Van der Weijden G. A. , Arief E. M. , Armand S. , Abbas F. , Winkel E. G. , Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Van der Velden U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: In an Indonesian population deprived of regular dental care, the experienced progression of disease between baseline (1987) and follow‐up (1994) was investigated in relation to the composition of the subgingival microbiota at follow‐up. At baseline the age ranged from 15 to 25 years. Clinical and microbiological evaluation was completed in 158 of the 167 subjects available at follow‐up.Methods: Plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and attachment loss (AL) were scored at the approximal surfaces of all teeth and subgingival calculus on the approximal surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth only (number of sites with subgingival calculus: NSC). A pooled sample of the deepest pocket in each quadrant was evaluated using microbiological culture techniques.Results: At baseline the mean values of the clinical parameters were AL=0.35 mm, PI=1.01, BOP=0.80 PD=3.25 mm and NSC=6.04 and at follow‐up AL=0.75 mm, PI=1.16, BOP=1.19, PD=3.34 mm and NSC=5.85. All parameters except PD and NSC showed a statistically significant increase. At follow‐up the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was 40%, of Porphyromonas gingivalis 67%, of Prevotella intermedia 66%, of Fusobacterium nucleatum 79%, of Bacteroides forsythus 16%, of Campylobacter rectus 4%, and of P. micros 6%. No differences in clinical parameters were found between groups with or without these micro‐organisms. In 129 subjects AL of 2 mm at 1 site was found. Logistic regression showed three significant odds‐ratio’s for experienced progressive periodontitis: Plaque index (12.2), gender (3.4) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (2.9).Conclusions: The results of this retrospective study suggest that plaque is the most important parameter related to experienced disease progression, and that the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be associated with increased chance of disease progression.