bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The politics of social policies in Portugal: Different responses in times of crises
Authors: Caleiras Jorge , Carmo Renato Miguel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPortugal has been confronted with a succession of crises in recent years. This article explores the differences in the way that, in Portugal, the welfare regime tackled the Great Recession context (financial, euro, sovereign debt, structural adjustment crises) and COVID‐19 crisis through very different policy responses. The fact that the governments in office acted differently when faced with realities that were close in time but very distinct, generates a paired comparative scenario, without forgetting the interim period. Supported by a plural methodological approach that gathers information from various sources, the outcomes reveal important aspects about the policy direction of changes and in terms of socio‐economic indicators. First, policy responses have followed three dynamics in tension: Retrenchment, Mitigation, and Expansion. Second, the policies make a difference, producing distinct outcomes in terms of socioeconomic indicators (unemployment, inequality, poverty). Third, the responses to crises induced more “radical” measures (towards Retrenchment or Expansion), which are not consistent with interim situations. Finally, while the austeritarian response was part of the government in office's program, this was not the case during the pandemic, when the response was involuntary and unprogrammed. This means that, in being a provisional and dated response, there is a high risk that in the near future there will be a resumption of Mitigation or even Retrenchment policies.
Simple spines of homotopy 2‐spheres are unique
Authors: Orson Patrick , Powell Mark 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA locally flatly embedded 2‐sphere in a compact 4‐manifold is called a spine if the inclusion map is a homotopy equivalence. A spine is called simple if the complement of the 2‐sphere has abelian fundamental group. We prove that if two simple spines represent the same generator of then they are ambiently isotopic. In particular, the theorem applies to simple shake‐slicing 2‐spheres in knot traces.
Inspiratory and sigh breathing rhythms depend on distinct cellular signalling mechanisms in the preBötzinger complex
Authors: Borrus Daniel S. , Stettler Marco K. , Grover Cameron J. , Kalajian Eva J. , Gu Jeffrey , Conradi Smith Gregory D. , Del Negro Christopher A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBreathing behaviour involves the generation of normal breaths (eupnoea) on a timescale of seconds and sigh breaths on the order of minutes. Both rhythms emerge in tandem from a single brainstem site, but whether and how a single cell population can generate two disparate rhythms remains unclear. We posit that recurrent synaptic excitation in concert with synaptic depression and cellular refractoriness gives rise to the eupnoea rhythm, whereas an intracellular calcium oscillation that is slower by orders of magnitude gives rise to the sigh rhythm. A mathematical model capturing these dynamics simultaneously generates eupnoea and sigh rhythms with disparate frequencies, which can be separately regulated by physiological parameters. We experimentally validated key model predictions regarding intracellular calcium signalling. All vertebrate brains feature a network oscillator that drives the breathing pump for regular respiration. However, in air‐breathing mammals with compliant lungs susceptible to collapse, the breathing rhythmogenic network may have refashioned ubiquitous intracellular signalling systems to produce a second slower rhythm (for sighs) that prevents atelectasis without impeding eupnoea.
imageKey points
A simplified activity‐based model of the preBötC generates inspiratory and sigh rhythms from a single neuron population.
Inspiration is attributable to a canonical excitatory network oscillator mechanism.
Sigh emerges from intracellular calcium signalling.
The model predicts that perturbations of calcium uptake and release across the endoplasmic reticulum counterintuitively accelerate and decelerate sigh rhythmicity, respectively, which was experimentally validated.
Vertebrate evolution may have adapted existing intracellular signalling mechanisms to produce slow oscillations needed to optimize pulmonary function in mammals.
Flow Instabilities and Control Mechanisms in Cylindrical Cavities With Top Bounding Walls
Authors: Sekaran Aarthi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cavity flows studied over the past few decades have led to an increased understanding of the flow physics and instability modes in a range of configurations. While a large number of these studies focus on two-dimensional and three-dimensional rectangular/cuboidal cavities, significant variations are seen with three-dimensional cylindrical cavities with a top bounding wall. The present work details the flow physics of such cavities with a compressible (air) flow past the cavity at two pressure drops of 3850 Pa and 2000 Pa. Results from detached eddy simulations (DES) reveal the presence of the wake mode and shear layer instabilities, respectively, with modified dynamics and oscillatory modes owing to the top wall. In the interest of preventing mode switching with changes in operating conditions, which could lead to large-scale flow disruptions, a passive flow control technique is tested. The modified cavity (with a downstream ramp scaled by the size of shed structures) is seen to maintain the same mode throughout the range of operation offering valuable insights into design modifications for such cavities in practical settings.
The Perceptions and Experiences Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Agender Patients of Quality of Care With Health Care Services
Authors: Ford Lauren G. , Lewis Connor , Volberding Jennifer Lynn 
Published: February 2024

Clinical Scenario: The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, agender (LGBTQIA+) community has a unique set of health care needs and experience barriers to services. Many providers assume these needs are similar to heterosexual counterparts. Investigating experiences and perceptions with health care and recommendations on how to improve care can provide insight for professionals. Clinical Question: What are the perceptions of quality of health care and experiences among the LGBTQIA+ patients? Summary of Key Findings: A search was performed for articles exploring perceptions and experiences of LGBTQIA+ patients with health care. Four articles were included. All were Level VI qualitative studies. All demonstrated a lack of cultural competency leading to poor experiences with providers. Common themes included: misgendering, stigmatization, and negative provider attitude leading to poor experiences. Experiences improved if providers used inclusive language, created welcoming environments, and had knowledge/experience about needs of LGBTQIA+ patients. Clinical Bottom Line: LGBTQIA+ patients felt providers lacked adequate knowledge to understand and care for their needs. Future research should include facts contributing to accessing health care services, solutions to these barriers, and increasing geographic areas. Strength of Recommendation: According to the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) scale, there is Level C evidence that LGBTQIA+ patients experience providers who are not adequately prepared to properly care for their unique needs.
Decoration of
Burkholderia
Hcp1 protein to virus-like particles as a vaccine delivery platform
Authors: Khakhum Nittaya , Baruch-Torres Noe , Stockton Jacob L. , Chapartegui-González Itziar , Badten Alexander J. , Adam Awadalkareem , Wang Tian , Huerta-Saquero Alejandro , Yin Y. Whitney , Torres Alfredo G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein-based nanoparticles frequently used as carriers in conjugate vaccine platforms. VLPs have been used to display foreign antigens for vaccination and to deliver immunotherapy against diseases. Hemolysin-coregulated proteins 1 (Hcp1) is a protein component of the
Burkholderia
type 6 secretion system, which participates in intracellular invasion and dissemination. This protein has been reported as a protective antigen and is used in multiple vaccine candidates with various platforms against melioidosis, a severe infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen
Burkholderia pseudomallei
. In this study, we used P22 VLPs as a surface platform for decoration with Hcp1 using chemical conjugation. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally immunized with three doses of either PBS, VLPs, or conjugated Hcp1-VLPs. Immunization with Hcp1-VLPs formulation induced Hcp1-specific IgG, IgG
1
, IgG
2c
, and IgA antibody responses. Furthermore, the serum from Hcp1-VLPs immunized mice enhanced the bacterial uptake and opsonophagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of complement. This study demonstrated an alternative strategy to develop a VLPs-based vaccine platform against
Burkholderia
species.
Skin dysbiosis and loss of microbiome site specificity in critically ill patients
Authors: Klassert Tilman E. , Zubiria-Barrera Cristina , Denkel Luisa , Neubert Robert , Schneegans Antony , Kulle Aylina , Vester Antje , Bloos Frank , Schulze Christian , Epstude Jörg , Gastmeier Petra , Geffers Christine , Slevogt Hortense 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

An increasing amount of evidence has linked critical illness with dysbiotic microbiome signatures in different body sites. The disturbance of the indigenous microbiota structures has been further associated with disease severity and outcome and has been suggested to pose an additional risk for complications in intensive care units (ICUs), including hospital-acquired infections. A better understanding of the microbial dysbiosis in critical illness might thus help to develop strategies for the prevention of such complications. While most of the studies addressing microbiome changes in ICU patients have focused on the gut, the lung, or the oral cavity, little is known about the microbial communities on the skin of ICU patients. Since the skin is the outermost organ and the first immune barrier against pathogens, its microbiome might play an important role in the risk management for critically ill patients. This observational study characterizes the skin microbiome in ICU patients covering five different body sites at the time of admission. Our results show a profound dysbiosis on the skin of critically ill patients, which is characterized by a loss of site specificity and an overrepresentation of gut bacteria on all skin sites when compared to a healthy group. This study opens a new avenue for further investigations on the effect of skin dysbiosis in the ICU setting and points out the need of strategies for the management of dysbiosis in critically ill patients.

IMPORTANCE
Unbalanced gut microbiota in critically ill patients has been associated with poor outcome and complications during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Whether the disturbance of the microbial communities in these patients is extensive for other body sites, such as the skin, is largely unknown. The skin not only is the largest organ of the body but also serves as the first immune barrier against potential pathogens. This study characterized the skin microbiota on five different body sites in ICU patients at the time of admission. The observed disturbance of the bacterial communities might help to develop new strategies in the risk management of critically ill patients.
Lsr2, a pleiotropic regulator at the core of the infectious strategy of
Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Gerges Elias , Rodríguez-Ordoñez María del Pilar , Durand Nicolas , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Crémazy Frédéric 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium, causing lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. During pulmonary infection,
M. abscessus
switches from smooth (Mabs-S) to rough (Mabs-R) morphotypes, the latter being hyper-virulent. Previously, we isolated the
lsr2
gene as differentially expressed during S-to-R transition.
lsr2
encodes a pleiotropic transcription factor that falls under the superfamily of nucleoid-associated proteins. Here, we used two functional genomic methods, RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), to elucidate the molecular role of Lsr2 in the pathobiology of
M. abscessus
. Transcriptomic analysis shows that Lsr2 differentially regulates gene expression across both morphotypes, most of which are involved in several key cellular processes of
M. abscessus
, including host adaptation and antibiotic resistance. These results were confirmed through quantitative real-time PCR, as well as by minimum inhibitory concentration tests and infection tests on macrophages in the presence of antibiotics. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that Lsr2 extensively binds the
M. abscessus
genome at AT-rich sequences and appears to form long domains that participate in the repression of its target genes. Unexpectedly, the genomic distribution of Lsr2 revealed no distinctions between Mabs-S and Mabs-R, implying more intricate mechanisms at play for achieving target selectivity.

IMPORTANCE

Lsr2 is a crucial transcription factor and chromosome organizer involved in intracellular growth and virulence in the smooth and rough morphotypes of
Mycobacterium abscessus
. Using RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), we investigated the molecular role of Lsr2 in gene expression regulation along with its distribution on
M. abscessus
genome. Our study demonstrates the pleiotropic regulatory role of Lsr2, regulating the expression of many genes coordinating essential cellular and molecular processes in both morphotypes. In addition, we have elucidated the role of Lsr2 in antibiotic resistance both
in vitro
and
in vivo
, where
lsr2
mutant strains display heightened sensitivity to antibiotics. Through ChIP-seq, we reported the widespread distribution of Lsr2 on
M. abscessus
genome, revealing a direct repressive effect due to its extensive binding on promoters or coding sequences of its targets. This study unveils the significant regulatory role of Lsr2, intricately intertwined with its function in shaping the organization of the
M. abscessus
genome.
Genetic epidemiology and plasmid-mediated transmission of
mcr-1
by
Escherichia coli
ST155 from wastewater of long-term care facilities
Authors: Feng Jun , Pan Miao , Zhuang Yuan , Luo Jiayuan , Chen Yong , Wu Yitong , Fei Jiayi , Zhu Yanqi , Xu Zhen , Yuan Zhengan , Chen Min 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for older people play an important and unique role in multidrug-resistant organism transmission. Herein, we investigated the genetic characteristics of mobile colistin resistance gene (
mcr-1
)-carrying
Escherichia coli
strains isolated from wastewater of LTCFs in Shanghai. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by agar dilution methods. Whole-genome sequencing and plasmid sequencing were conducted, and resistance genes and sequence types of colistin in
E. coli
isolates were analyzed. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis was performed by the Ridom SeqSphere+ software. Phylogenetic tree through the maximum likelihood method was constructed by MEGA X. Out of 306 isolates, only 1
E. coli
named ECSJ33 was found, and the plasmid pECSJ33 from ECSJ33 harbored the
mcr-1
gene that was located with 59,080 bp belonging to IncI2 type. The plasmid pECSJ33 was capable of conjugation with an efficiency of 2.9 × 10
−2
. Bioinformatic analysis indicated pECSJ33 shared backbone with the previously reported
mcr-1
-harboring pHNGDF93 isolated from fish source. Moreover, the cgMLST analysis revealed that ECSJ33 belongs to different lineages from those reported from previous
E. coli
strains but shared high similarity to NCTC11129 in cluster 11. The phylogenetic tree revealed MCR-1 of ECSJ33 in this study was mostly of animal food origin and that they were closely related. Our study firstly reports detection of genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant
mcr-1
-harboring
E. coli
ST155 from wastewater of LTCF source in China. The data may prove that the plasmid pECSJ33 belongs to food origin and help to understand the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and genomic features of colistin resistance under One Health approach.

IMPORTANCE

One
Escherichia coli
named ECSJ33 was found from wastewater of a long-term care facility (LTCF) and the plasmid pECSJ33 from ECSJ33 harbored the mobile colistin resistance gene (
mcr-1
) that was located with 59,080 bp belonging to IncI2 type, which was capable of conjugation with an efficiency of 2.9 × 10
-2
. This paper firstly reports an
mcr-1
-carrying
E. coli
strain ST155 isolated from LTCF in China. Comparative genomics analysis indicated pECSJ33 shared backbone with the previously reported
mcr-1
-harboring pHNGDF93 isolated from fish source. The phylogenetic tree revealed MCR-1 protein of ECSJ33 in this study was mostly of animal food origin and that they were closely related. Therefore, the pECSJ33 could be considered as food-origin transmission
mcr-1
-harboring plasmid.
Submarine hydrothermal fluids facilitated the accumulation of cadmium in Lower Cambrian black shales, South China
Authors: Zhou Zhengbing , Wen Hanjie , Zhu Yu , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The effects of Cd-rich venting fluids on the Cd contents and isotopic compositions of continental margin sediments remain poorly understood. Characterization of the Cd isotopic composition of sediment overprinted by venting fluids is critical, as this may provide insights into how mixing between the venting fluids and bottom waters affects the Cd isotopic composition. Our study determined the Cd isotopic compositions of Lower Cambrian metalliferous sediment deposited on the passive continental margin of the southeastern Yangtze Block, South China. The Cd is predominantly hosted in sphalerite of sulfide-bearing barite sediments, V deposits, and Ni-Mo–platinum group element (PGE) sulfide layers. The Cd isotopic compositions of samples from these three units indicate that the distribution of Cd at this type of continental margin was controlled by submarine hydrothermal activity. Following the venting of hydrothermal fluids onto the seafloor, Cd2+ reacted with a limited amount of H2S generated mainly by thermochemical sulfate reduction near the vents. This resulted in isotopically lighter Cd in the sulfide-bearing barite sediments and V deposits, which have δ114/110Cd values of 0.00‰ ± 0.13‰ and 0.00‰ ± 0.14‰, respectively. The residual dissolved Cd in the fluids migrated with the upwelling seawater and ultimately precipitated almost entirely as sphalerite in the sulfidic wedge, which resulted in Ni-Mo–PGE sulfide layers with a narrow range of high δ114/110Cd values (0.35‰ ± 0.03‰). The presence of Cd-rich venting fluids can alter the Cd contents and isotopic compositions of passive margin sediments, particularly those located within long-term stratified seawater and fault depressions. Previous studies may have underestimated the migration distance and affected areas of hydrothermal activity involving Cd-rich fluids.
Hydrologically driven modulation of cutoff regime in meandering rivers
Authors: Maitan Riccardo , Finotello Alvise , Tognin Davide , D'Alpaos Andrea , Fielding Christopher R. , Ielpi Alessandro , Ghinassi Massimiliano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Bend cutoff is a fundamental process shaping meandering rivers. Despite the widely accepted differentiation between neck and chute cutoffs, a significant knowledge gap persists regarding the factors responsible for the occurrence of each cutoff regime and the specific conditions triggering the regime. Here, we used field and photogrammetric data derived from a global set of 22 meandering rivers, stretching more than 5500 km in total river length, to disentangle the controlling factors behind the cutoff regime in meandering rivers. We found that whether a meandering river forms a chute rather than neck meander cutoff depends primarily on the variability of overbank discharges. Short-lived, high-magnitude overbank floods promote the formation of chute cutoffs, aided by (though not required) reduced riparian vegetation density, enhanced stream power, and flow confinement within the river valley. In contrast, neck cutoffs are prevalent in rivers characterized by limited variations in bankfull hydrology, typically associated with low-magnitude, long-lasting overbank floods. Distinct cutoff regimes also discernibly affected floodplain geomorphology, with a chute regime resulting in more frequent cutoff occurrences. Our results suggest that human-induced alterations of river hydrologic regime can potentially cause fundamental shifts in the cutoff behavior of meandering rivers, thus affecting sediment residence time and carbon fluxes in alluvial floodplains.
Supplemental Material: Summer warming during Heinrich Stadial 1 in Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Zeyang , al. et 
Published: February 2024

<p>The details about brGDGT-based proxy and Kielguo crater lake; chronological data; the comparison of different calibrations and different seasonal temperatures; and the comparison of TraCE-21ka results among different regions and different single-forcing. Texts S1–S3; Tables S1–S2; and Figures S1–S8. </p>
Photoinitiated by Red Light (λ 625 nm) Iodosulfonylation of Internal Alkynes to Synthesize β-Iodovinyl Sulfones
Authors: Abramov V. A. , Topchiy M. A. , Malysheva A. S. , Beletskaya I. P. , Asachenko A. F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A number of β-iodovinyl sulfones were synthesized by direct difunctionalization of internal alkynes with arenesulfonyl iodides under irradiation with red light (λmax 625 nm) generated by an economical LED source. The products were obtained in high yields (68–99%) from equimolar amounts of the reactants. The reaction of sulfonyl iodides with internal alkynes follows a radical mechanism and provides a regioselective method of synthesis of β-iodovinyl sulfones.
Rare cause of jaundice in a term newborn
Authors: Costa Inês Silva , Vala Beatriz , Costa Sofia , Henriques Raquel 
Published: February 2024

Neonatal jaundice is a frequently observed occurrence in full-term newborns and typically manifests between 48 and 96 hours following birth. Early-onset jaundice is primarily induced by pathological factors, namely sepsis, hemolysis and an excessive accumulation of bilirubin resulting from the breakdown of red blood cells.We present a case involving a full-term newborn with an uneventful perinatal history, who exhibited jaundice within the initial day of life and was subsequently admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit to commence intensive phototherapy. Initial screenings for sepsis and blood group incompatibility yielded negative results. However, despite 6 hours of phototherapy, the bilirubin levels did not decrease, prompting an investigation into central nervous system haemorrhage, which uncovered the presence of a haemorrhagic stroke.After a worsening in neurological status with neonatal crisis and need for phenobarbital, a life-saving craniotomy was performed. Clinical evolution was good with no additional crisis detected after the early neonatal period and improvement in motor function at 2-month-old follow-up.