bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontraditional constant pressure filtration behavior
Authors: Stickland Anthony D. , De Kretser Ross G. , Scales Peter J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPressure filtration is a common industrial process used for solid–liquid separation and laboratory technique used to measure the compressional rheological properties of suspensions. Traditional approaches to the modeling of constant pressure filtration behavior of particulate systems stipulate quadratic behavior of time with filtrate volume. However, this is not necessarily a fundamental attribute of pressure filtration, but rather a result of the assumptions made of the compressibility and permeability of the material. This work solves diffusion‐type constant pressure filtration governing equations using a finite‐difference technique to demonstrate that filtration, under certain circumstances, is expected to show negligible quadratic behavior. Materials that exhibit such behavior have often been classified as nontraditional and methodologies have been developed to interpret such trends. This work illustrates that such behavior is in fact covered by extant filtration models and does not require any extra interpretation of the forces involved. Furthermore, it is shown that traditional or nontraditional behavior is dependent on the initial solids concentration and the applied pressure, such that the filtration of a suspension may show relatively long cake formation times at low initial concentrations or pressures, and relatively short times at high initial concentrations or pressures. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
A unified probabilistic approach for modeling trajectory‐based separations
Authors: Wei Jing , Realff Matthew J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe traditional approach to modeling solid–solid separations is based on solving differential equations for particle concentration profiles. This approach is difficult to generalize when the particle properties, such as size and charge, are random variables. If we view particle trajectories as the ultimate differentiating factor, and the nonsharpness of separation as a result of the existence of various random variables such as the random particle properties, and random velocities caused by such phenomena as hydrodynamic interactions, then the recovery can be modeled as a joint probability of particles reaching a certain separation boundary. It is shown that the probabilistic model is a unified approach for various trajectory‐based particle separations including sink‐float, froth flotation, and electrostatic separation. We transform the recovery models, which have various forms, to the single‐form partition curve model that can simplify the design. The design procedure is reduced to optimally setting two model parameters by adjusting the design and operating variables. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Pharmacokinetics of Amiodarone in hyperlipidemic and simulated high fat‐meal rat models
Authors: Shayeganpour Anooshirvan , Jun Andrew S. , Brocks Dion R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of a high fat meal and hyperlipidemia on the pharmacokinetic behavior of amiodarone. To evaluate these effects, single doses of amiodarone were administered to rats i.v. (25 mg/kg) or orally (50 mg/kg). Some rats were rendered hyperlipidemic by intraperitoneal doses of poloxamer 407 followed by amiodarone i.v. In other normolipidemic rats, amiodarone was administered i.v. in a fasted state or after the administration of 1% cholesterol in peanut oil. Amiodarone plasma concentrations were considerably (>11‐fold) increased in hyperlipidemia. Substantial decreases were noted in the clearance, volume of distribution and unbound fraction (11.6, 23 and 24.7‐fold, respectively) in plasma of hyperlipidemic rats. Oral lipid caused a significant increase in plasma AUC0−∞ (1.38‐fold) and a significant decrease in clearance (1.5‐fold) of amiodarone after intravenous doses. Oral consumption of 1% cholesterol in peanut oil significantly increased the plasma AUC (1.83‐fold) and bioavailability of amiodarone (1.31‐fold) after oral doses. In determining oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs such as amiodarone in food effect studies, in addition to the increase in absorption of drugs, other factors such as a decrease in clearance due to increases in lipoprotein levels should be taken into account. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First results of triple‐modality treatment combining radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia for the treatment of patients with Stage IIB, III, and IVA cervical carcinoma
Authors: Westermann Anneke M. , Jones Ellen L. , Schem Baard‐Christian , van der Steen‐Banasik Elzbieta M. , Koper Peter , Mella Olav , Uitterhoeve Apollonia L. J. , de Wit Ronald , van der Velden Jacobus , Burger Curt , van der Wilt Clasina L. , Dahl Olav , Prosnitz Leonard R. , van der Zee Jacoba 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with advanced cervical carcinoma are treated routinely with radiotherapy and cisplatin‐containing chemotherapy. It has been shown that hyperthermia can improve the results of both radiotherapy and cisplatin. In the current study, the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of all three modalities was studied in previously untreated patients with cervical carcinoma.METHODSPatients with advanced cervical carcinoma were registered prospectively in the U.S., Norway, and the Netherlands. External‐beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy were administered for a biologically effective dose ≥ 86.7 gray. At least 4 courses of weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2) and 4 sessions of weekly locoregional hyperthermia were added to radiotherapy.RESULTSSixty‐eight patients with a median age of 45 years were enrolled. Full‐dose radiotherapy was delivered to all patients according to plan. At least 4 courses of chemotherapy were received by 97% of patients, and at least 4 courses of hyperthermia treatment were received by 93% of patients. Toxicity was fully comparable to that described for chemoradiotherapy alone, and the median total treatment time was 45 days. Complete remission was achieved by 61 patients (90%). After a median follow‐up of 538 days, 74% of patients remained alive without signs of recurrence, and the overall survival rate was 84%.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of full‐dose radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia was feasible and effective in a multicenter international setting among patients with advanced cervical carcinoma. A Phase III study comparing this novel triplet with standard chemoradiation, designed to show at least a 15% improvement in overall survival, has been launched. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Ifosfamide/liposomal daunorubicin is a well tolerated and active first‐line chemotherapy regimen in advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Siehl Jan M. , Thiel Eckhard , Schmittel Alexander , Hütter Gero , Deckert Peter M. , Szelényi Hubert , Keilholz Ulrich 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe anthracycline/ifosfamide combination is the most effective chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma. To improve the tolerability and potential efficacy of this combination, the authors combined a moderate dose of continuous infusion ifosfamide with liposomal daunorubicin (L‐Dauno).METHODSIn a single‐arm, Phase II study, 40 patients with a median age of 57 years (range, 19–78 years) were enrolled. Of these, 35 patients were treated with first‐line chemotherapy. The treatment regimen was comprised of ifosfamide at a dose of 5 g/m2 over 24 hours and L‐Dauno at a dose of 100 mg/m2 every 4 weeks with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor support.RESULTSEleven (31%) of 35 anthracycline/ifosfamide‐naive patients achieved a partial/complete response, 6 patients (17%) had stable disease, and 13 patients (37%) had disease progression. Three patients were not evaluable, and there were two intermittent deaths. The median time to disease progression was 6 months, the median overall survival was 14 months, and the median time to treatment failure was 15 months. Toxicity was tolerable.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of Ifosfamide and L‐Dauno was found to be a highly active chemotherapy regimen for first‐line treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Therefore, we believe randomized studies with this regimen are warranted. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Isospectral finiteness on hyperbolic 3‐manifolds
Authors: Kim Inkang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper we show that for a given set of lengths of closed geodesics, there are only finitely many convex‐cocompact, hyperbolic 3‐manifolds with incompressible boundary, up to orientation‐preserving isometries. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The fate of human malignant melanoma cells transplanted into zebrafish embryos: Assessment of migration and cell division in the absence of tumor formation
Authors: Lee Lisa M.J. , Seftor Elisabeth A. , Bonde Gregory , Cornell Robert A. , Hendrix Mary J.C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCertain aggressive melanoma cell lines exhibit a dedifferentiated phenotype, expressing genes that are characteristic of various cell types including endothelial, neural, and stem cells. Moreover, we have shown that aggressive melanoma cells can participate in neovascularization in vivo and vasculogenic mimicry in vitro, demonstrating that these cells respond to microenvironmental cues and manifest developmental plasticity. To explore this plasticity further, we transplanted human metastatic melanoma cells into zebrafish blastula‐stage embryos and monitored their behavior post‐transplantation. The data show that human metastatic melanoma cells placed in the zebrafish embryo survive, exhibit motility, and divide. The melanoma cells do not form tumors nor integrate into host organs, but instead become scattered throughout the embryo in interstitial spaces, reflecting the dedifferentiated state of the cancer cells. In contrast to the fate of melanoma cells, human melanocytes transplanted into zebrafish embryos most frequently become distributed to their normal microenvironment of the skin, revealing that the zebrafish embryo contains possible homing cues that can be interpreted by normal human cells. Finally, we show that within the zebrafish embryo, metastatic melanoma cells retain their dedifferentiated phenotype. These results demonstrate the utility of the zebrafish embryonic model for the study of tumor cell plasticity and suggest that this experimental paradigm can be a powerful one in which to investigate tumor‐microenvironment interactions. Developmental Dynamics 233:1560–1570, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Derivatisation of Pyrogallarenes
Authors: Åhman Antti , Luostarinen Minna , Schalley Christoph A. , Nissinen Maija , Rissanen Kari 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDerivatisation of upper‐rim hydroxy groups of pyrogallarenes produced completely acylated and tosylated pyrogallarene derivatives. Mesitylation of pyrogallarene, however, resulted in a regioselective derivatisation of hydroxy groups, i.e. eight OH groups out of 12 were mesitylated. Crystal structures of the synthesised pyrogallarene derivatives indicate that completely substituted pyrogallarenes exist in a distorted crown conformation despite of the lack of stabilising intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In contrast, the partially substituted pyrogallarene adopts a boat conformation and has an open cavity for the inclusion of small guest molecules. © Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of Shape‐Persistent Polyal Dendrimers – Facile Entry to Polyene and Polyyne Dendrimers
Authors: Narayanan Vijay , Sankararaman Sethuraman , Hopf Henning 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolyaldehyde (polyal) dendrimers were synthesized by a divergent iterative method using 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene (1) as the core unit and 2‐bromo‐5‐tert‐butyl‐1,3‐benzenedicarbaldehyde (2) as the building block. The polyal dendrimers were further transformed into a new class of polyene and polyyne dendrimers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Highly Fluorescent Ditopic Ligand Based on 1,6‐Bis(ethynyl)pyrene as Central Aromatic Core
Authors: Leroy‐Lhez Stéphanie , Fages Frédéric 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA simple synthetic route for the efficient preparation and purification of two regioisomers of a pyrene derivative containing two ethynyl groups―1,6‐ and 1,8‐bis(ethynyl)pyrene―is described. The former compound was used as a building block for the stepwise synthesis of a highly conjugated, ditopic bis(2,2'‐bipyridine) ligand (2) containing the pyrene nucleus at the central core. The fluorescence properties of ligand 2 are reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Decomposition of Transition Metal Alkyls Revisited: Surprising Wellspring of Novel Reagents for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Eisch John J. , Adeosun Adetenu A. , Dutta Somnath , Fregene Paul O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA broad survey of both the simple and double decomposition modes of transition metal alkyls has been undertaken. From the two main processes of C–M bond rupture, homolysis, and β‐metal hydride elimination, the following modes of decomposition and types of useful reagents generated can be distinguished: 1) reductive decomposition of RnMEm–n to yield subvalent, carbene‐ or free‐radical‐like MEm–n, which can cleave π‐ or σ‐bonds by direct epimetallation; 2) β‐metal hydride elimination to produce hydrometallating agents; 3) combined reductive and β‐metal hydride eliminations to produce anionic, and hence more nucleophilic, epimetallating agents; 4) α‐metal hydride elimination thought to be involved in the transition state leading to C–C bond coupling from (RR'HC)2ME2 derivatives; 5) α,μ‐elimination from lithiated RHC(Li)–MEn–1, which produces alkylidenes, RHC=MEn–2, capable of ROMP catalysis; 6) metal–hydrogen metathesis, whereby sufficiently acidic C–H bonds become C–M bonds; 7) metal–metal metathesis, whereby RR'ME2 undergoes an equilibrating redistribution reaction to form R2ME2 and R'2ME2; 8) transfer epimetallation, in which epimetallation (point 1) is achieved with R2ME2 in one step by transfer of ME2 to the substrate with the concomitant loss of R groups; and 9) transfer epimetallation of olefins by R2TiE2 in hydrocarbons to produce titana(IV)cyclopropanes, which serve as active sites in Ziegler–Natta polymerization. In each situation, the reaction‐mechanistic features are analyzed in terms of existing experimental data and evidence. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A General Method for the Preparation of Chiral TREN Derivatives
Authors: Pei Yuxin , Brade Katja , Brulé Emilie , Hagberg Lars , Lake, Fredrik , Moberg Christina 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA general procedure for the preparation of C3‐symmetric TREN derivatives with backbone chirality has been developed. Stereo‐ and regioselective ring opening by ammonia of (S)‐N‐tosyl‐2‐isopropylaziridine, obtained starting from either the corresponding amino alcohol or amino acid, followed by deprotection of the amino groups afforded the parent chiral TREN compound in high overall yield. In addition to TREN compounds with primary amino groups, the synthetic method employed provides easy access to a variety of N,N',N''‐substituted derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cover Picture: First Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Sordidin and (−)‐7‐epi‐Sordidin, Aggregation Pheromones of the Banana Weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 12/2005)
Authors: Enders Dieter , Breuer Irene , Nühring Anja 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the most important worldwide insect pest of banana plants, the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar). These long‐lived weevils lay their eggs in the rhizome of the plant. The larvae hatch and then feed and tunnel in the rhizome of the plant, weakening it and leading to the snapping of the rhizome at the ground level before the bunch is ripe. The first evidence for the depicted volatile male‐produced aggregation pheromones, sordidin and 7‐epi‐sordidin was supplied by Budenberg et al. in 1993. Details of the first asymmetric synthesis of the major pheromone compound, sordidin, and its C‐7‐epimer based on the SAMP/RAMP‐hydrazone methodology are described in the article by D. Enders et al. on p. 2677 ff.
Fast prototyping of hydrophobic disposable polymer support arrays for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry of proteins by atmospheric molding
Authors: Muck Alexander , Nešněrová Petra , Pichová Iva , Svatoš Aleš 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA fast protocol for prototyping hydrophobic disposable poly(alkyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymer sample support arrays for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) of proteins by atmospheric molding is introduced. The sample support arrays were replicated by molding prepolymer alkyl methacrylate solutions into sandwich molds containing a micromachined silicon master, an aluminum spacer, and glass cover plates, followed by UV‐initiated in situ polymerization under atmospheric pressure. The fabrication procedure enables a simultaneous fabrication/modification of single‐use polymer arrays by a targeted selection of functional groups of the copolymerized monomers during molding. The one‐step modification during the fabrication is demonstrated for enhanced protein adsorption to the modified materials by introduction of hydrophobic butyl‐, dodecyl‐, and octadecyl groups to the polymer backbone without a need for additional surface coating or derivatization. The MALDI‐MS performance of the new polymer chips was tested for spectral measurements of bovine pancreas insulin, horse heart myoglobin, and bovine serum albumin. The protein adsorption to the new hydrophobic copolymer chips was studied for bovine pancreas trypsinogen; the sample desalting parameters, such as time and volume, were optimized for myoglobin as model proteins. A significant signal increase was achieved after efficient desalting of an insect δ11‐desaturase membrane protein fragment from a complex elution buffer (100 mM phosphate, 10 mM tris(hydroxyethyl)aminomethane, 0.5 M NaCl, and 10 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) on the poly(butyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymer chip (monomer ratio 8:2 v/v) by simply washing the target zones. The new chips offer reduced sample manipulation and device fabrication times as well as simple operation.
Separation techniques hyphenated to electrospray‐tandem mass spectrometry in proteomics: Capillary electrophoresis versus nanoliquid chromatography
Authors: Pelzing Matthias , Neusüß Christian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLiquid chromatography (LC) nanoelectrospray‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a key technology for the study of proteomics, with the main benefit to the characterization of sensitive peptides from complex mixtures. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has been taken into consideration sporadically due to the highly efficient separation and ability to handle low sample amount, yet classified as being less sensitive with respect to analyte concentration. The limitation in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) injection volumes can be overcome by on‐line solid‐phase extraction (SPE). Such an on‐line SPE‐CZE system was explored in combination with an ion trap (IT) mass spectrometer. Thus, it was possible to inject more than 100 µL sample solution on to the CZE capillary. Concentration limits of detection as low as 100 amol/µL were demonstrated for a peptide standard. This SPE‐CZE‐microelectrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS/MS setup was compared directly to nanoLC/nanoESI using the same sample of a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a reference standard. Measurements were made on one IT mass spectrometer with identical acquisition parameters. Both chromatography systems enabled the separation and detection of low levels of peptides from a mixture of moderate complexity, with most peptides identified using both techniques; however, specific differences were obvious. The nanoLC‐MS is about five times more sensitive than the CZE‐MS, yet the difference was less pronounced than expected. The CZE‐MS technique showed reduced loss of peptides, especially for larger peptides (missed cleavages) and is about four times faster than the nanoLC‐MS approach.
Age‐dependent variations of cell response to oxidative stress: Proteomic approach to protein expression and phosphorylation
Authors: Miura Yuri , Kano Mayumi , Abe Kazuhiko , Urano Shiro , Suzuki Shozo , Toda Tosifusa 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe investigated the protein profiles of variously aged rat astrocytes in response to oxidative stress. After H2O2‐exposure of cells at 100 µM for 30 min, the relative intensity of ten protein spots changed on two‐dimensional (2‐D) gels compared with control gels after silver staining. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) analysis after in‐gel digestion revealed that six of these spots corresponded to three kinds of proteins, each of which was composed of a protein and its modified form with a different isoelectric point (pI). These three proteins were identified as peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) II and III, and calpactin I light chain (p11). H2O2‐exposure increased the intensity of the spot with lower pI and simultaneously decreased that of the spot with higher pI for both PRDXs II and III. In addition, the expression of annexin VII, S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine hydrolase, elongation factor II fragment (EF‐II), and adenosine deaminase was increased by H2O2‐exposure in astrocytes from variously aged rats. Using the Pro‐Q® Diamond staining, heat shock protein 60 kDa (Hsp 60) and α‐tubulin were observed to be phosphorylated upon H2O2‐exposure. While phosphorylation of α‐tubulin was correlated positively with age, the changes in abundance of ten protein spots as described above were independent of age. These results suggest that aging does not suppress the responses aimed at limiting injury and promoting repair brought about by severe oxidative stress, and might affect cell dynamics including the formation of microtubules.