bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning feature alignment and dual correlation for few‐shot image classification
Authors: Huang Xilang , Choi Seon Han 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFew‐shot image classification is the task of classifying novel classes using extremely limited labelled samples. To perform classification using the limited samples, one solution is to learn the feature alignment (FA) information between the labelled and unlabelled sample features. Most FA methods use the feature mean as the class prototype and calculate the correlation between prototype and unlabelled features to learn an alignment strategy. However, mean prototypes tend to degenerate informative features because spatial features at the same position may not be equally important for the final classification, leading to inaccurate correlation calculations. Therefore, the authors propose an effective intraclass FA strategy that aggregates semantically similar spatial features from an adaptive reference prototype in low‐dimensional feature space to obtain an informative prototype feature map for precise correlation computation. Moreover, a dual correlation module to learn the hard and soft correlations was developed by the authors. This module combines the correlation information between the prototype and unlabelled features in both the original and learnable feature spaces, aiming to produce a comprehensive cross‐correlation between the prototypes and unlabelled features. Using both FA and cross‐attention modules, our model can maintain informative class features and capture important shared features for classification. Experimental results on three few‐shot classification benchmarks show that the proposed method outperformed related methods and resulted in a 3% performance boost in the 1‐shot setting by inserting the proposed module into the related methods.
Nuclear regions as seen with LOFAR international baselines
Authors: Jurlin N. , Morganti R. , Sweijen F. , Morabito L. K. , Brienza M. , Barthel P. , Miley G. K. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Radio galaxies dominate the sky at radio wavelengths and represent an essential piece in the galaxy evolution puzzle. High-resolution studies focussed on statistical samples of radio galaxies are expected to shed light on the triggering mechanisms of the active galactic nucleus in their centre, alternating between the phases of activity and quiescence.
Aims. For this work, we zoomed in on the sub-arcsec radio structures in the central regions of the 35 radio galaxies in the area covering 6.6 deg2 of the Lockman Hole region. The sources studied here were previously classified as active, remnant, and candidate restarted radio galaxies based on the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observations at 150 MHz. We examined the morphologies and studied the spectral properties of their central regions to explore their evolutionary stages and to revise the morphological and spectral criteria used to select the initial sample.
Methods. We used the newly available LOFAR 150 MHz image obtained using international baselines, yielding a resolution of 0.38″ × 0.30″, making this the first systematic study of the nuclear regions at such a high resolution and low frequency. We used publicly available images from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm survey at 1.4 GHz and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey at 3 GHz to achieve our goals. In addition, for one of the restarted candidates, we present new dedicated observations with the VLA at 3 GHz.
Results. We characterised the central regions of the radio galaxies in our sample and found various morphologies, some even mimicking well-known double-double radio galaxies but on a smaller scale, that is, a few tens of kiloparsecs for the size of the restarted activity. We also see the beginnings of active jets or distinct detections unrelated to the large-scale structure. Furthermore, we found a variety of radio spectra characterising the sources in our sample, such as flat, steep, or peaked in the frequency range between 150 MHz and 3 GHz, indicative of the different life-cycle phases of the sources in our sample. Based on these analyses, we confirm five out of six previously considered restarted candidates and identify three more restarted candidates from the active sample. As the number of restarted candidates still exceeds that of remnant candidates, this is consistent with previous results suggesting that the restarted phase can occur after a relatively short remnant phase (i.e. a few tens of millions of years).
Innovative and automated method for vortex identification
Authors: Canivete Cuissa J. R. , Steiner O. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Ubiquitous small-scale vortical motions are seen to occur in the solar atmosphere both in simulations and observations. They are thought to play a significant role in the local heating of the quiet chromosphere and corona. In a previous paper, we proposed a new method for the automated identification of vortices based on the accurate estimation of curvature centers; this method was implemented in the SWIRL algorithm.
Aims. We aim to assess the applicability of the SWIRL algorithm to self-consistent numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere. The highly turbulent and dynamical solar flow poses a challenge to any vortex-detection method. We also conduct a statistical analysis of the properties and characteristics of photospheric and chromospheric small-scale swirling motions in numerical simulations.
Methods. We applied the SWIRL algorithm to realistic, three-dimensional, radiative, magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of the solar atmosphere carried out with the CO5BOLD code. In order to achieve statistical validity, we analyzed 30 time instances of the simulation covering 2 h of physical time.
Results. The SWIRL algorithm accurately identified most of the photospheric and chromospheric swirls, which are perceived as spiraling instantaneous streamlines of the horizontal component of the flow. Part of the identified swirls form three-dimensional coherent structures that are generally rooted in magnetically dominated intergranular lanes and extend vertically into the chromospheric layers. From a statistical analysis, we find that the average number densities of swirls in the photosphere and chromosphere are 1 Mm−2 and 4 Mm−2, respectively, while the average radius is 50 − 60 km throughout the simulated atmosphere. We also find an approximately linear correlation between the rotational speed of chromospheric swirls and the local Alfvén speed. We find evidence that more than 80% of the identified, coherent, vortical structures may be Alfvénic in nature.
Conclusions. The SWIRL algorithm is a reliable tool for the identification of vortical motions in magnetized, turbulent, and complex astrophysical flows. It can serve to expand our understanding of the nature and properties of swirls in the solar atmosphere. A statistical analysis shows that swirling structures may be smaller, more numerous, and may rotate faster than previously thought, and also suggests a tight relation between swirls and the propagation of Alfvénic waves in the solar atmosphere.
Informiertheit von ungewollt schwangeren Frauen mit Abbruch in Deutschland
Authors: Schneider Maria , Eckardt Sarah , Torenz Rona , Thonke Ines , Vollmer Heike , Wyrobisch-Krüger Anke , Hahn Daphne 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Für eine selbstbestimmte, informierte Entscheidung sowie qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung benötigen Frauen beim Schwangerschaftsabbruch zielgerichtete, vertrauenswürdige Informationen.
Forschungsziele Im Beitrag werden Informationsbedarfe, -quellen und -barrieren von Frauen mit Schwangerschaftsabbruch untersucht und es wird gezeigt, wann sich Frauen gut beziehungsweise schlecht informiert fühlen.
Methoden Die Analysen basieren auf den Daten der Online-Querschnittsbefragung von 594 Frauen mit Abbruch einer ungewollten Schwangerschaft in Deutschland, die im Rahmen der ELSA(Erfahrungen und Lebenslagen ungewollt Schwangerer – Angebote der Beratung und Versorgung)-Studie 2021/2022 durchgeführt wurde.
Ergebnisse Am häufigsten suchten die Befragten Informationen über Pflichtberatungsstellen und Abbrucheinrichtungen und fanden hilfreiche Informationen bei Beratungsstellen, Arztpraxen sowie auf Webseiten/Suchmaschinen. Die 2019 eingeführte Liste der Bundesärztekammer spielte bei den Befragten eine sehr geringe Rolle, um eine Abbrucheinrichtung zu finden. Circa 80 % fühlten sich (sehr) gut rund um den Schwangerschaftsabbruch informiert. Wichtige Faktoren sind dafür der Erhalt aller benötigten Informationen und die Aufklärung über verschiedenen Methoden beim ersten Arztgespräch. Gleichzeitig gab mehr als jede zweite Befragte (58 %) an, auf Informationsbarrieren gestoßen zu sein. Ein Viertel der befragten Frauen erhielt nicht alle benötigten Informationen und ein Drittel fühlte sich nicht umfangreich über alle Methoden aufgeklärt.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Relevanz von evidenzbasierten und wertneutral vermittelten Informationen, die für alle Frauen gleich zugänglich sein müssen. Bereits bestehende Informationsangebote sollten auf die Bedürfnisse der Frauen zugeschnitten werden und ihre Qualität sollte sichergestellt werden.
“Run-and-jump failure”: new injury patterns in indoor bouldering
Authors: Eichler Mathis , Lutter Christoph , Morris Patrick Davie , Schöffl Volker 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, professional and non-professional bouldering have seen a fundamental change in movement patterns towards complex movement sequences. This is associated with increased demands on the musculoskeletal system, especially the lower extremities, which can lead to new injury patterns. In the course of our clinical work, we have already seen an increasing number of lower extremity injuries after run-and-jump sequences, with a severe one being highlighted in this case report.
Effectiveness and safety of thin vs. thick cold snare polypectomy of small colorectal polyps: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Rishad , Samnani Sunil , Vaska Marcus , Grover Samir C , Walsh Catharine M , Mosko Jeffrey , Bourke Michael J , Heitman Steven J , Forbes Nauzer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Cold-snare polypectomy (CSP) is
considered the standard of care for resection of colorectal polyps ≤10 mm. Data on the
efficacy of CSP performed with thin-wire snares compared with thick-wire snares are
conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis comparing complete resection (CR) and adverse event
rates of CSP using thin-wire and thick-wire snares.
Patients and methods Comparative studies of adult patients with ≧1 colorectal polyp(s) ≦10 mm who underwent CSP with thin-wire or thick-wire snares were included. We collected data on study, patient, polyp, and snare characteristics. The primary outcome was CR rate. Secondary outcomes were polyp retrieval rate, intraprocedural bleeding, delayed post-polypectomy bleeding, deep mural injury or perforation, patient discomfort, total sedation, and procedure time. We used random-effects models to calculate risk ratios for outcomes. We performed risk of bias assessments, rated the certainty of evidence, and assessed publication bias for all studies.
Results We included four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two observational studies including 1316 patients with 1679 polyps (826 thin-wire CSPs and 853 thick-wire CSPs). There was no significant difference between thin-wire CSP (92.1%) and thick-wire CSP (87.7%) for RCTs (risk ratio [RR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.16) or observational studies (78.1% versus 79.6%, RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.08). There were no significant differences in polyp retrieval rate or intraprocedural bleeding. There were no cases of delayed bleeding or perforation.
Conclusions We found no differences in CR rates for CSP between thin-wire and thick-wire snares. CSP, regardless of snare type, is safe and effective for resection of small colorectal polyps.
Skull Base Repair following Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review (Part 2: The Translabyrinthine Approach)
Authors: Starup-Hansen Joachim , Williams Simon C. , Valetopoulou Alexandra , Khan Danyal Z. , Horsfall Hugo Layard , Moudgil-Joshi Jigishaa , Burton Oliver , Kanona Hala , Saeed Shakeel R. , Muirhead William , Marcus Hani J. , Grover Patrick 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives Despite advances in skull base reconstruction techniques, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks remain a relatively common complication after translabyrinthine (TL) vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the repair techniques and materials used in TL VS surgery to prevent CSF leaks.
Design A systematic review of studies published since 2000 reporting techniques to prevent CSF leaks during adult TL VS surgery was conducted. A narrative synthesis of primary repair protocols was produced, and a taxonomy was established. Additionally, the advantages, disadvantages, and associated CSF leak rates of different repair protocols were extracted.
Results All 43 studies were case series, and 39 were retrospective. Repair strategies included heterogeneous combinations of autografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials. A taxonomy was produced, classifying repairs into seven distinct stages, including approaches to the dura, middle ear cleft, air cells, TL bony defect, extra-cranial soft tissue, postoperative dressings, and CSF diversion. The median postoperative incidence of CSF leaks was 6% (interquartile range: 0–10%).
Conclusions This systematic review reveals substantial inter-institutional heterogeneity in intraoperative strategies to prevent CSF leaks following TL VS surgery. However, comparing these techniques is challenging due to the multiple predictive factors for CSF leaks and their inconsistent reporting. We propose a taxonomy of seven stages to classify operative techniques and materials aimed at preventing CSF leaks. We recommend that future evaluations should adopt a prospective approach encompassing data collection strategies that considers all operative stages described by our taxonomy.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients' Self-perception of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Zainal Abidin Zaridah , Noor Erni , Mohd Nor Noor Shafina , Mohamed Nazari Nor Shafina , Anuar Zaini Azriyanti , Azizi Nurul Zeety , Soelar Shahrul Aiman , Shahrizad Marshah Mohamad , Abdul Halim Rohaida 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to evaluate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients' self-perceived periodontal health status and to identify the association between periodontal disease (PD) and DM.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 113 T1DM children between 3 and 18 years old from the Universiti Teknologi MARA and the University of Malaya. Periodontal health parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, simplified basic periodontal examination, and clinical attachment loss, were recorded. Self-perceived periodontal health status was assessed with questionnaires.
Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the questionnaire and the relationship between T1DM and periodontal parameters.
Results The median age was 11.4 years. Half of them (50.4%) were females. A total of 83.5% rated their oral condition as good, whereas 27.5% reported a history of gingival bleeding. Clinical examination revealed that 48.7% had healthy gingiva, whereas 47.8% had gingivitis. The question “Do you have bleeding when brushing, flossing, or eating food?” showed good accuracy in the evaluation of PD (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The questionnaire has a high potential to be used by medical professionals in identifying T1DM patients at risk of PD to guide nondental health care providers in making appropriate referrals to dental services.
Effect of Different Desensitizer Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Metal Brackets Following In-Office Bleaching: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ambersari Septia Emi , Karunia Dyah , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective One of the adverse effects of in-office bleaching is tooth hypersensitivity, which could be neutralized with a desensitizing agent. In-office bleaching and the application of desensitizing agents will affect the morphology of the enamel surface. These morphological changes have potential effects on the shear bond strength (SBS) and bonding of orthodontic brackets. This study analyzed the effects of fluoride and nonfluoride desensitizing agents after in-office bleaching on the SBS of metal brackets with resin composite cementation.
Materials and Methods Twenty-seven postextraction premolars (n = 27) were bleached with 37% hydrogen peroxide and then divided into three groups: control group (group 1), fluoride-based desensitizing agent (group 2), and nonfluoride-based desensitizing agent (group 3). After treatment, the brackets were bonded using Transbond, and then the SBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was analyzed after the SBS test, whereas enamel morphological changes were observed under a scanning electron microscope. After this assessment, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was conducted to determine calcium and phosphorus elements in the enamel surface after treatments. SBS data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, whereas ARI scores were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney test with a significance level of 5%.
Results The SBS increased significantly in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). In group 2, an ARI of 2 (55.56%) was frequent, whereas in group 3, an ARI of 3 (55.56%) appeared most frequently.
Conclusion The application of the desensitizing agent fluoride after in-office bleaching increased the SBS and more adhesive remains on the tooth surface compared with that when nonfluoride desensitizing agents were applied on metal brackets with composite resin cementation.
Secuela rotacional de falange en paciente pediátrico: Corrección con osteotomía desrotadora de metacarpiano y osteosíntesis con tornillo compresivo endomedular. Reporte de un caso
Authors: d'Oliveira Lucía , Craviotto Matías 
Published: December 2023

ResumenLas secuelas rotacionales en las falanges de pacientes pediátricos son, afortunadamente, poco frecuentes y se pueden tratar mediante osteotomías correctivas del hueso en el cual presenta la secuela. El tratamiento ideal debe lograr, además de la corrección del defecto rotacional: conservar el cartílago de crecimiento indemne junto con su potencial de crecimiento, evitar cicatrices extensas y un postoperatorio mas confortable sin el retiro de clavos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de edad pediátrica con una secuela rotacional de una fractura subcondilar de falange proximal de 5° dedo mano hábil en la cual se realizó una osteotomía desrotadora de 5° metacarpiano y estabilización con tornillo endomedular sin cabeza para corrección del defecto.
Fibroma de la vaina tendinosa en el dedo de la mano de una niña de 6 años: A propósito de un caso
Authors: García-Jiménez Antonio , Ochoa García Javier , Pomerol Sanfeliu Lluís 
Published: December 2023

ResumenSe presenta un caso de fibroma de la vaina tendinosa, tumor benigno poco frecuente de adultos de 20–40 años y de extraordinaria rareza en la edad infantil, localizado en la cara palmar de la falange media del tercer dedo de la mano derecha de una niña de 6 años. El diagnóstico se efectuó tras su exéresis mediante el estudio histológico de la lesión, pues los estudios de imagen previos mediante ecografía y resonancia magnética no fueron concluyentes. A pesar de que la resección quirúrgica constituye el tratamiento de elección, existe un alto riesgo de recidiva de la enfermedad.
Follicular Unit Excision Donor Area Management and Considerations of the Scalp
Authors: Carman Timothy P. , Rassman William 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the last several years, follicular unit excision (FUE) donor harvesting has become the predominant donor harvest method, surpassing the traditional method of linear strip excision donor harvesting. While this may offer advantages in specific clinical settings, the reality of ongoing losses with the natural evolution of male patterned hair loss places a premium on obtaining as much lifetime donor hair as possible to address this clinical reality. This lifetime demand requirement must be weighed against the possibility of a detrimental cosmetic appearance of the donor area with serial donor harvests utilizing FUE. This chapter will examine the important technical and artistic considerations critical for hair restoration surgeons to appreciate in order to maintain cosmetically high-quality donor area outcomes in patients choosing to undergo FUE harvesting for hair transplantation surgery.
Single-Stage Extensor Digitorium Tendon Reconstruction, Including Overlying Soft Tissue Defects of the Foot Dorsum with a Composite-Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Sơn Trần Thiết , Phúc Lê Hồng , Nghĩa Phan Tuấn , Minh Nguyễn Đinh , Tùng Nguyễn Thanh , Tuấn Nguyễn Ngọc , Tú Lương Thanh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Loss of the extensor tendon with overlying soft tissue remains a complex reconstructive challenge. Successful reconstruction combines tendon repair with defect coverage by soft tissue flaps, meets the goals of approaching functionality, and achieves an esthetic result.
Patients and Methods From June 2016 to June 2022, our center submitted six patients to a one-stage procedure correcting the extensor tendon and skin defect using a composite-free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap with fascia lata (FL).
Results The ALT skin paddle was from 10 × 8 cm to 26 × 13 cm, and all flaps included vascularized FL with an average of 12 × 9.5 cm, which was split and folded to reconstruct as a tendon. The extensor digitorium brevis tendon defects were reconstructed by fascia sheets in all patients. One patient had additional reconstruction of the extensor hallucis longus tendon. All the flaps survived completely, and no complication was reported. All patients received rehabilitation therapy starting in the third week postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 33.67 months (range, 10–60). The mean arc of ankle rotation between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion was 49.20 degrees (range, 40–55 degrees). After reconstruction, our patients showed good functional results, and these patients could walk, climb stairs, tiptoe again without support, and regular footwear could be worn.
Conclusion A composite-free ALT flap with vascularized FL is a reasonable option for coverage of the extensor tendon and overlying soft tissue defects. It helps reduce the surgical risk and hospitalization time and provokes faster recovery and rehabilitation.
Level of Clinical Evidence Case studies, Level 4.