bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of trends in retinopathy of prematurity over 5 years in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Thu Pyae Pyae , Tauro Joseph , Russell Heather , Kirpalani Aditi 
Published: October 2023

AimThe aim of the study was to look at the incidence and trend of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) between 2017 and 2021 in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Australia and to compare potential modifiable risk factors of ROP between preterm infants who required treatment for ROP and who did not need treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study used the data of newborn infants who were <31 weeks gestational age (GA) or birth weight (BW) of <1250 g born between 2017 and 2021 at a tertiary NICU in Australia (n = 261). Univariate analysis using t test for continuous data, Fischer exact test for categorical data and multiple logistic regression analysis were undertaken to identify any significant differences between two groups.ResultsA total number of 261 infants were studied. 55.9% of infants developed any type of ROP (146 infants out of 261 infants), type 1 ROP was 5.4% (14 out of 261) and aggressive ROP (AROP) was 3% (8 out of 261). Out of 146 infants who were diagnosed with ROP, 22 (15%) of them required treatment. Mean GA for those who underwent ROP treatment was 25.6 (±1.47) weeks and for those who did not require treatment was 27.6 (±1.95) weeks. The mean BWs for those who needed treatment was 764 (±189.32) g and for those who did not need treatment was 1039 (±306.06) g. The mean duration of invasive ventilation for infants with ROP requiring treatment and those who did not require treatment were 23.95 (±22.41) days and 9.89 (±17.2) days. The total duration of oxygen requirement was 235.54 (±160.5) days and 121.11 (±117.34) days for those who needed treatment and those who did not need treatment respectively. Among infants who required treatment for ROP, 68.18% required blood transfusion whereas among those who did not need treatment, 24.19% required blood transfusion.ConclusionLower GA, lower BW, longer duration of invasive ventilation, longer total duration of oxygen requirement and blood transfusion in first 2 weeks of life were significant in preterm infants who required treatment for ROP compared with those who did not.
Spatial distribution and association of biophysical factors with chickpea chlorotic stunt and pea seed‐borne mosaic viruses affecting legume crops in Ethiopia
Authors: Ademe Anteneh , Kumari Safaa G. , Alemu Tesfaye , Abraham Adane , Aynewa Yetsedaw , Moukahel Abdulrahman , Guadie Demsachew , Ahmed Seid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFood legumes are key commodities produced in sole and mixed cropping system in Ethiopia. Their productivity has been affected recently by virus infections. Field surveys were conducted from 2018/19 to 2021/22 cropping seasons in the highlands of Ethiopia to identify major viruses and determine how biophysical factors affect disease incidence. A total of 2797 samples of chickpea (755), lentil (1683), fenugreek (111) and grass pea (248) were collected from 194 farmers' fields in Amhara (North Shewa, South Wollo and East Gojjam zones) and Oromia (East Shewa, West Shewa and North Shewa zones) regions. Laboratory testing using Tissue blot immunoassay showed that chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV, genus Polerovirus, family Solemoviridae) and pea seed‐borne mosaic virus (PSbMV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) were the major viruses affecting legume crops in Ethiopia. The highest relative virus incidence of CpCSV (90.6%) and PSbMV (11.5%) was recorded in samples of chickpea and lentil crops, respectively. Except for crop conditions, all the independent variables significantly affected PSbMV incidence, whereas all independent variables showed a highly significant association (p < .0001) with CpCSV Incidence. A CpCSV incidence of ≥30% had a high probability of association with chickpea and fenugreek crops, the presence of aphid vectors and the 2018/19 cropping season. Similarly, PSbMV with an incidence ≥7% was highly associated with the 2018/19 cropping season. Both viruses can be managed by the combined application of cultural practices, insecticide's application, healthy seeds and resistance breeding.
Arithmetic in the Bilingual Brain: Language of Learning and Language Experience Effects on Simple Arithmetic in Children and Adults
Authors: Cerda Vanessa R. , Wicha Nicole Y. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTIn 2020, 21.5% of US preschoolers spoke a language other than English at home. These children transition into English‐speaking classrooms in different ways, often handling foundational concepts in two languages. Critically, some knowledge may be dependent on the language of learning. For instance, both bilingual children and adults typically prefer, and exhibit higher performance on arithmetic in the language in which they learned math (LA+) compared with their other language (LA−). The typical interpretation is that arithmetic facts are accessed from memory more efficiently or solely in LA+. However, recent research suggests that bilingual arithmetic is not restricted to one language in memory, and that language experience plays an important role in performance. Moreover, evidence suggests children and adults process arithmetic fundamentally differently. Thus, bilingual arithmetic memory may manifest differently across the life span. This review outlines evidence to date at the intersection between the brain basis of bilingualism, arithmetic processing, and development.
The functions of triple gene block proteins and coat protein of apple stem pitting virus in viral cell‐to‐cell movement
Authors: Li Liu , Wang Guoping , Zhang Yue , Wang Wenjun , Zhu Yiting , Lyu Yuzhuo , Wang Yanxiang , Zhang Yongle , Hong Ni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractApple stem pitting virus is a species in the genus Foveavirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) commonly infects apple and pear plants grown worldwide. In this study, by integrating bimolecular fluorescence complementation, split‐ubiquitin‐based membrane yeast two‐hybrid, and Agrobacterium‐mediated expression assays, the interaction relationships and the subcellular locations of ASPV proteins TGBp1–3 and CP in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells were determined. Proteins CP, TGBp1, TGBp2, and TGBp3 were self‐interactable, and TGBp2 played a role in the formation of perinuclear viroplasm and enhanced the colocalization of TGBp3 with CP and TGBp1. We found that the plant microfilament and endoplasmic reticulum structures were involved in the production of TGBp3 and TGBp2 vesicles, and their disruption decreased the virus accumulation level in the systemic leaves. The TGBp3 motile vesicles functioned in delivering the viral ribonucleoprotein complexes to the plasma membrane. Two cysteine residues at sites 35 and 49 of the TGBp3 sorting signal were necessary for the diffusion of TGBp3‐marked vesicles. Furthermore, our results revealed that TGBp1, TGBp2, and CP could increase plasmodesmal permeability and move to the adjacent cells. This study demonstrates an interaction network and a subcellular location map of four ASPV proteins and for the first time provides insight into the functions of these proteins in the movement of a foveavirus.
Non‐parametric Estimator for Conditional Mode with Parametric Features*
Authors: Wang Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe in this paper propose a new approach for estimating conditional mode non‐parametrically to capture the ‘most likely’ effect built on local linear approximation, in which a parametric pilot modal regression is locally adjusted through a kernel smoothing fit to potentially reduce the bias asymptotically without affecting the variance of the estimator. Specifically, we first estimate a parametric modal regression utilizing prior information from initial studies or economic analysis, and then estimate the non‐parametric modal function based on the additive correction by eliminating the parametric feature. We derive the asymptotic normal distribution of the proposed modal estimator for both fixed and estimated parametric feature cases, and demonstrate that there is substantial room for bias reduction under certain regularity conditions. We numerically estimate the suggested modal regression model with the use of a modified modal‐expectation‐maximization (MEM) algorithm. Monte Carlo simulations and one empirical analysis are presented to illustrate the finite sample performance of the developed modal estimator. Several extensions, including multiplicative correction, generalized guidance, modal‐based robust regression and the incorporation of categorical covariates, are also discussed for the sake of completeness.
Type 2 diabetes aggravates periodontitis‐induced pathological changes in the dental pulp
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhou Bowen , Shan Zhaochen , Hu Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe inner mechanism of how diabetes affects dental pulp of patients with periodontitis has seldom been reported. We collected clinical samples and explored the influence of diabetes and periodontitis on the pathological change of dental pulp.MethodsDental pulp from healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis with or without diabetes were collected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dental pulp was morphologically observed; advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX1) were examined. Oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory indices, and apoptotic levels were assessed.ResultsMorphologically, fibrous structure in the dental pulp of patients with diabetic periodontitis (DP) group was sparse and disordered, and the blood vessel wall was thickened. Diabetes related indexes as AGEs and LOX1 were upregulated. Superoxide dismutase 2 expression was decreased, and OS level was increased. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 and other relevant proinflammatory cytokines levels were increased. The elevated OS and inflammation contributed to upregulation of apoptotic levels in DP group.ConclusionsDiabetes aggravates the pathological changes in the dental pulp of periodontitis patients possibly due to upregulated AGEs and LOX1. Our results highlight the importance of early oral intervention in patients with DP.
Survey of diversity awareness and environment among members of the Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan
Authors: Kishi Takayuki , Nakano Naoko , Narazaki Hidehiko , Yashiro Masato , Hashimoto Kunio , Shinoki Toshihiko , Sato Tomomi , Kinjo Noriko , Imanaka Hiroyuki , Bando Yuki , Inamo Yasuji , Yamazaki Kazuko , Okamoto Nami 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiversity management has gained traction in Japan. The Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan (PRAJ) has an Advisory Committee for Diversity Promotion with a broader focus on promoting diversity. The objectives of this study were to better understand the problems faced by PRAJ members regarding the work environment, childcare and nursing care, and work‐life balance.MethodsA web‐based questionnaire was administered to members of the PRAJ and 79 responses were evaluated.ResultsOf the respondents, 73% were male and 27% were female. A total of 14% worked for more than 12 h on weekdays, and 22% worked for more than 60 h per week and 38% had fewer than 4 days off per month. Regarding childcare, 54% of the respondents were raising preschool children and 83% had taken parental leave for less than 1 year. A total of 17% of participants had family members in need of care. For both childcare and caregiving, the burden was greater for women. Only 18% of the respondents reported a well‐balanced work‐life balance, and the most common reasons for a lack of balance were not having enough time, heavy workload, and heavy housework load.ConclusionsThe working hours of the respondents were long, and female members had a greater burden of childcare and caregiving, which was considered a barrier to the career development of women. In the future, there will be a need to promote a sense of equality in diverse human resources, develop support for family life, and shorten working hours.
Estimating risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation after liver transplantation in children: PROVE‐ALT score
Authors: Mian Muhammad Umair M. , Kennedy Curtis E. , Coss‐Bu Jorge A. , Javaid Ramsha , Naeem Buria , Lam Fong Wilson , Fogarty Thomas , Arikan Ayse A. , Nguyen Trung C. , Bashir Dalia , Virk Manpreet , Harpavat Sanjiv , Galvan Nhu Thao Nguyen , Rana Abbas A. , Goss John A. , Leung Daniel H. , Desai Moreshwar S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren at high risk for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) after liver transplantation (LT) need to be identified early to optimize pulmonary support, allocate resources, and improve surgical outcomes. We aimed to develop and validate a metric that can estimate risk for Prolonged Ventilation After LT (PROVE‐ALT).MethodsWe identified preoperative risk factors for PMV by univariable analysis in a retrospective cohort of pediatric LT recipients between 2011 and 2017 (n = 205; derivation cohort). We created the PROVE‐ALT score by mapping multivariable logistic regression coefficients as integers, with cutoff values using the Youden Index. We validated the score by C‐statistic in a retrospectively collected separate cohort of pediatric LT recipients between 2018 and 2021 (n = 133, validation cohort).ResultsAmong total 338 patients, 21% (n = 72) were infants; 49% (n = 167) had cirrhosis; 8% (n = 27) required continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT); and 32% (n = 111) required management in hospital (MIH) before LT. Incidence of PMV post‐LT was 20% (n = 69) and 3% (n = 12) required tracheostomy. Independent risk factors (OR [95% CI]) for PMV were cirrhosis (3.8 [1–14], p = .04); age <1‐year (8.2 [2–30], p = .001); need for preoperative CRRT (6.3 [1.2–32], p = .02); and MIH before LT (12.4 [2.1–71], p = .004). PROVE‐ALT score ≥8 [Range = 0–21] accurately predicted PMV in the validation cohort with 73% sensitivity and 80% specificity (AUC: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.91).ConclusionPROVE‐ALT can predict PMV after pediatric LT with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Once externally validated in other centers, PROVE‐ALT will empower clinicians to plan patient‐specific ventilation strategies, provide parental anticipatory guidance, and optimize hospital resources.
Assessment of the efficacy of 595 nm pulsed dye laser in the management of facial flat angiomas. Results of a case series
Authors: Coricciati Luigi , Gabellone Maddalena , Donne Pantalea Delle , Fusco Irene , Zingoni Tiziano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on pulsed dye laser (PDL) have shown the best efficacy and safety data for treating vascular anomalies among the various lasers used and the 595‐nm PDL has been used to treat cutaneous vascular anomalies for about 30 years. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of 595 nm Pulsed Dye Laser in the management of facial flat angiomas present in the form of Port‐Wine Stain.Materials and MethodsSeven cases of PWS in Fitzpatrick skin type ranged from I to III and colour ranging from pink to purple, were treated with 595 nm pulse Dye Laser. Patients underwent to 6–8 laser sessions at 20–30 days intervals. Results obtained were judged by dermatologist, by comparing pre‐treatment and post‐treatment photographs, 6 months after the last session and a quartile scale of lesion clearance (4‐point Investigator Global Assessment scale): 1 = no or low results (0%–25% of the lesion area improved), 2 = slight improvement (25%–50% of the lesion area cleared), 3 = moderate‐good improvement (50%–75%), and 4 = excellent improvement (75%–100%) was used. Possible side effects such as blisters, hyper/hypopigmentation, and scarring were monitored.ResultsAll patients observed global improvements. 71% of patients achieved excellent clearance and 29% patients achieved good‐moderate clearance of their angioma. Patients were asked for a subjective evaluation of the results: 57% of patients were very satisfied, 29% were satisfied, and 14% patients were not very satisfied with the results. No patients were dissatisfied. No significant side effects were noted.ConclusionThis research confirms the efficacy of the 595 nm PDL for flat angioma management, without considerable side effects.
Bi‐directional hoeing in maize
Authors: Naruhn Georg , Schneevoigt Valentin , Hartung Jens , Peteinatos Gerassimos , Möller Kurt , Gerhards Roland 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe weed control efficacy (WCE) of mechanical weeding in the inter‐row area in conventional cropping systems can achieve more than 90%. Despite the use of special intra‐row tools (e.g., finger weeders), only a WCE of 65%–75% can currently be realized in the intra‐row area. To close the gap between inter‐row and intra‐row WCE, in this study, a new approach for high‐efficacy precise mechanical weeding is presented. By using a GPS‐based pneumatic precision seeder (Kverneland GEOseed), a square crop seeding pattern of 37.5 cm × 37.5 cm was established in maize to enable post‐emergence hoeing lengthwise and transverse to the sowing direction. Thus, the treated area by the hoeing blades is postulated to increase, resulting in higher WCE. For this, six field experiments were conducted in South‐Western Germany in 2021 and 2022. Goosefoot blades and no‐till sweeps were guided automatically using a camera for row detection and a hydraulic side‐shift control for the hoe. This bi‐directional treatment was compared to an herbicide application and to hoeing treatments only along and transverse to the sowing direction. The bi‐directional hoeing treatment increased the WCE compared to hoeing along the crop rows on average from 80% to 95% and was not significantly different from the herbicide applications in 2022. Precise sowing in combination with hoeing along and transverse the crop rows resulted in 5.3% crop losses compared to 2.2% for hoeing only along the sowing direction by using only 15 cm wide goosefoot blades, while in the herbicide treatment and the untreated control no crop losses were detected. While maize biomass was not significantly different from the herbicide treatment in most cases over both years, in 2022, even the grain yield of the bi‐directional hoeing treatment with goosefoot blades (7.8 Mg ha−1) was statistically equal to the herbicide treatment (6.9 Mg ha−1). This study demonstrates the great potential of bi‐directional hoeing as an effective alternative to chemical weed control in row crops such as maize, sunflower and sugar beet.
The Hodgkin‐Huxley‐Katz Prize Lecture: A Markov model with permeation‐dependent gating that accounts for resurgent current of voltage‐gated Na channels
Authors: Raman Indira M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany neurons that fire high‐frequency action potentials express specialized voltage‐gated Na channel complexes that not only conduct transient current upon depolarization, but also pass resurgent current upon repolarization. The resurgent current is associated with recovery of transient current, even at moderately negative potentials where fast inactivation is usually absorbing. The combined results of many experimental studies have led to the hypothesis that resurgent current flows upon repolarization when an endogenous blocking protein that occludes open channels at depolarized potentials is expelled by inwardly permeating Na ions. Additional observations have suggested that the position of the voltage sensor of domain IV regulates the affinity of the channel for the putative blocker. To test the effectiveness of a kinetic scheme incorporating these features, here we develop and justify a Markov model with states grounded in known Na channel conformations. Simulations were designed to investigate whether including a permeation‐dependent unblocking rate constant and two open‐blocked states, superimposed on conformations and voltage‐sensitive movements present in all voltage‐gated Na channels, is sufficient to account for the unusual gating of channels with a resurgent component. Optimizing rate constant parameters against a wide range of experimental data from cerebellar Purkinje cells demonstrates that a kinetic scheme for Na channels incorporating the novel aspects of a permeation‐dependent unblock, as well as distinct high‐ and low‐affinity blocked states, reproduces all the attributes of experimentally recorded Na currents in a physiologically plausible manner.
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Analysis of Drying Front Propagation and Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer During Evaporation From Additively Manufactured Porous Structures Under a Solar Flux
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Derby Melanie M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Drying front propagation and coupled heat and mass transfer analysis from porous media is critical for soil–water dynamics, electronics cooling, and evaporative drying. In this study, de-ionized water was evaporated from three 3D printed porous structures (with 0.41 mm, 0.41 mm, and 0.16 mm effective radii, respectively) created out of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic using stereolithography technology. The structures were immersed in water until all the pores were invaded and then placed on the top of a sensitive scale to record evaporative mass loss. A 1000 W/m2 heat flux was applied with a solar simulator to the top of each structure to accelerate evaporation. The evaporative mass losses were recorded at 15 min time intervals and plotted against time to compare evaporation rates from the three structures. The evaporation phenomena were captured with a high-speed camera from the side of the structures to observe the drying front propagation during evaporation, and a high-resolution thermal camera was used to capture images to visualize the thermal gradients during evaporation. The 3D-structure with the smallest effective pore radius (i.e., 0.16 mm) experienced the sharpest decrease in the mass loss as the water evaporated from 0.8 g to 0.1 g within 180 min. The designed pore structures influenced hydraulic linkages, and therefore, evaporation processes. A coupled heat-and-mass-transfer model modeled constant rate evaporation, and the falling rate period was modeled through the normalized evaporation rate.