bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Investigation by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of AISI 446 and Ti-Coated AISI 446 Ferritic Stainless Steel as Potential Material for Bipolar Plate in PEMWE
Authors: Kellenberger Andrea , Vaszilcsin Nicolae , Dan Mircea Laurentiu , Mitelea Ion , Geana Alexandru Adrian , Lædre Sigrid , Craciunescu Corneliu M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe components of proton exchange membrane water electrolysers frequently experience corrosion issues, especially at high anodic polarization, that restrict the use of more affordable alternatives to titanium. Here, we investigate localized corrosion processes of bare and Ti-coated AISI 446 ferritic stainless steel under anodic polarization by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in sodium sulphate and potassium chloride solutions. SECM approach curves and area scans measured at open-circuit potential (OCP) of the samples in the feedback mode using a redox mediator evidence a negative feedback effect caused by the surface passive film. For the anodic polarization of the sample, the substrate generation-tip collection mode enables to observe local generation of iron (II) ions, as well as formation of molecular oxygen. For the uncoated AISI 446 sample, localized corrosion is detected in sodium sulphate solution simultaneously with oxygen formation at anodic potentials of 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, whereas significant pitting corrosion is observed even at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl in potassium chloride solution. The Ti-coated AISI 446 sample reveals enhanced corrosion resistance in both test solutions, without any evidence of iron (II) ions generation at anodic potentials of 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, where only oxygen formation is observed.
Association between accelerometry measured patterns of sedentary behaviors and functional status in older adults
Authors: Son Jung Yoen , Zhou Weijiao , Webster-Dekker Katelyn E. , Marriott Deanna J. , Larson Janet L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Older adults are highly sedentary, and too much sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with negative health effects, but little is known about SB patterns and their associations with functional status.

Aims
To examine the association between objectively measured sedentary behavior time (SBT) and sedentary behavior fragmentation (SBF) and functional status in older adults using the National Health Aging Trends Study (NHATS) dataset, a nationally representative sample from 2021.

Methods
Data from NHATS were analyzed using weighted linear regressions to examine the association between objective measures of SBT (mean hours spent in SB/day during waking hours) and SBF, and six functional variables (difficulties with activities of daily living [ADL], short physical performance battery, hand grip strength, immediate word recall, delayed word recall, and mental health), accounting for sociodemographic, body mass index, and the number of chronic conditions.

Results
A total of 738 individuals from the NHATS were included. Higher SBT was associated with greater difficulties with ADL, poorer short physical performance battery and hand grip strength, lower scores in both immediate and delayed word recall, and poorer mental health. Higher SBF was associated with fewer difficulties with ADL, better short physical performance battery and hand grip strength, a higher score in immediate word recall, and better mental health.

Discussionand conclusions
Greater fragmentation of SB was associated with better function, and increasing SBF may be a useful strategy for mitigating the effects of SB in older adults, but prospective research is needed to support this approach.
Development and validation of prediction model for older adults with cognitive frailty
Authors: Huang Jundan , Zeng Xianmei , Ning Hongting , Peng Ruotong , Guo Yongzhen , Hu Mingyue , Feng Hui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study sought to develop and validate a 6-year risk prediction model in older adults with cognitive frailty (CF).

Methods
In the secondary analysis of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), participants from the 2011–2018 cohort were included to develop the prediction model. The CF was assessed by the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Exam (CMMSE) and the modified Fried criteria. The stepwise regression was used to select predictors, and the logistic regression analysis was conducted to construct the model. The model was externally validated using the temporal validation method via the 2005–2011 cohort. The discrimination was measured by the area under the curve (AUC), and the calibration was measured by the calibration plot. A nomogram was conducted to vividly present the prediction model.

Results
The development dataset included 2420 participants aged 60 years or above, and 243 participants suffered from CF during a median follow-up period of 6.91 years (interquartile range 5.47–7.10 years). Six predictors, namely, age, sex, residence, body mass index (BMI), exercise, and physical disability, were finally used to develop the model. The model performed well with the AUC of 0.830 and 0.840 in the development and external validation datasets, respectively.

Conclusion
The study could provide a practical tool to identify older adults with a high risk of CF early. Furthermore, targeting modifiable factors could prevent about half of the new-onset CF during a 6-year follow-up.
Normalized stability time analysis within the boundaries between adults with and without fear of falling
Authors: Lee Dongchul , Sung Paul S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The unilateral stance test, measured by the center of pressure (COP), has been widely used to identify balance deficits. However, there is a critical gap in understanding the specific COP thresholds on postural stability in adults with a fear of falling (FOF).

Aims
To investigate the normalized stability time, which was defined as the ratio of time spent within stability boundaries to the total test duration, under different visual conditions and specific thresholds between adults with and without FOF.

Methods
Twenty-one older adults with FOF and 22 control subjects completed the unilateral limb standing test in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Normalized stability times were computed based on five pre-determined COP sway range thresholds: 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm.

Results
Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the diagnostic accuracy of FOF. There were significant differences in the effects of both visual conditions (F = 46.88, p = 0.001) and threshold settings (F = 119.38, p = 0.001) on stability time between groups. The FOF group significantly reduced normalized stability time at the 10 mm COP threshold under eyes-closed conditions (t = – 1.95, p = 0.03).

Discussion
The findings highlight the heightened sensitivity of the 10 mm COP threshold in identifying group variances in postural stability when eyes are closed. Moreover, the FOF group displayed a marked reduction in stability duration based on visual scenarios and normalized thresholds.

Conclusion
The study highlights the need to account for both COP boundaries and visual conditions in adults with FOF. When assessing postural control during unilateral stances, clinicians must also give attention to non-visual cues.
One-leg standing time is a simple measure for loss of skeletal muscle mass and fat deposition in muscle: the J-SHIPP study
Authors: Tabara Yasuharu , Okada Yoko , Ochi Masayuki , Ohyagi Yasumasa , Igase Michiya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Backgrounds
One-leg standing time (OLST) has been frequently used physical performance measure; however, what muscular characteristics OLST represents remains uncertain.

Aim
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between OLST and muscle characteristics to clarify the possibility of using OLST as a physical performance measure.

Methods
Study participants comprised 1144 older adults aged 65 years or older. Computed tomography images provided mid-thigh skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and mean attenuation value. OLST was measured for a maximum of 60 s. Static postural instability was assessed using a posturography.

Results
A frequency of OLST < 20 s was increased by quartiles of muscle cross-sectional area (Q1: 33.6, Q2: 12.8, Q3: 13.6, Q4: 11.9%, P < 0.001) and mean attenuation value (Q1: 32.3, Q2: 21.7, Q3: 14.3, Q4: 7.7%, P < 0.001). Results of the multinomial regression analysis indicated that muscle cross-sectional area and mean attenuation value were independently associated with an OLST of less than 20 s. The crude odds ratio of OLST less than 20 s for the lowest quartiles of both cross-sectional area and mean attenuation value was 4.19 (95% CI: 3.01 − 5.84). The cross-sectional area of muscles with greater fat deposition was inversely associated with OLST, while that with smaller fat deposition showed a positive association with OLST, indicating why mean attenuation value and cross-sectional area were independently associated with OLST. No clear relationship was observed with static postural instability.

Conclusion
OLST was a simply measurable quantifiable physical measure representing the loss of muscle mass and quality in older adults.
Association between low values of mean arterial pressure and impaired cognitive performance in older patients with mild cognitive impairment: cross-sectional preliminary findings from the STRENGTH Project
Authors: Santillo Elpidio , Balietti Marta , Fabbietti Paolo , Antolini Maria Sole , Paoloni Cristina , Piacenza Francesco , Giuli Cinzia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Aims
This study examined the relationship between BP and clinical/cognitive/neuropsychological aspects in MCI individuals.

Methods
MCI patients underwent clinical, functional, cognitive and metacognitive, as well as psychological assessments. Social network, lifestyle characteristics, and medication prescriptions were also evaluated. Each patient underwent BP measurements.

Results
Lower values of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Notably, MAP showed greater capability in detecting impairments in attention and visuospatial abilities compared to SBP and DBP.

Discussion
These findings support the notion that in older individuals with MCI excessively low BP values, particularly MAP, might represent a risk and suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion may play a key role.

Conclusions
Routine assessment of MAP could aid clinicians in adjusting antihypertensive treatment and closely monitoring cognitive function in MCI patients.
The relationship between circulating metabolites and prostate hyperplasia: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Ze-chao , Huang Shu-ping , Lin Ze-sen , Chen Yu , Jiang Peng , Yang Yu-wei , Shang Chang-jie , Zhu Min , Gao Hong-jun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Circulating metabolites (CM) play a pivotal role in our overall health, yet the current evidence concerning the involvement of diverse CM in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains limited. Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a promising avenue to explore the potential impact of CM on BPH.

Methods
In a forward MR analysis, a cohort of 249 circulating metabolites was employed as exposures to investigate their potential associations with BPH risk. Conversely, in a reverse MR analysis, BPH was employed as an exposure to assess its effects on CM.

Results
The forward MR analysis discerned a linkage between six metabolites and BPH, with careful consideration to excluding heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Subsequently, the reverse MR analysis unveiled that nine metabolic compounds, mainly comprising phospholipids and triglycerides, potentially exhibit elevated levels in BPH patients.

Conclusion
Bidirectional MR analysis furnishes genetic insight into the interplay between CM and BPH. The prominence of lipids and triglycerides emerges as significant factors intricately linked to BPH risk.
Prevalence of sarcopenia in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Smith Lee , Koyanagi Ai , Hoffman Jaco , Snoussi Mouna , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Dominguez Ligia J. , Barbagallo Mario 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Existing literature suggests that sarcopenia is a highly prevalent condition in older people. However, most studies to date reporting data on its prevalence have been mainly carried out in Western countries, while data on sarcopenia in Africa is scarce. With this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in African countries and to explore potential factors that could explain higher or lower prevalence of this condition in Africa.

Methods
Major databases for studies reporting data on sarcopenia in African countries were searched from inception to June 2023. We conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence [and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)] of sarcopenia in Africa, applying a random effect model. Several sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were run.

Results
Among 147 articles initially screened, six articles (with seven cohorts) including a total of 10,656 participants were included. Mean age of participants was 66.9 years, and the majority were female (58.1%). The weighted prevalence of sarcopenia in the selected countries of Africa was 25.72% (95%CI: 18.90–32.55). This outcome was characterized by a high heterogeneity (I2 = 99%) and by publication bias. Among the factors investigated, sarcopenia was lower when assessed using only one anthropometric measure, or in South Africa.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in Africa and thus research regarding this topic is a public health priority. Future studies that cover African countries for which data are not available and using standardized criteria are needed.
Where To Go at the Next Timestamp
Authors: Duan Jiaqi , Meng Xiangfu , Liu Guihong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe next Point of Interest (POI) recommendation is the core technology of smart city. Current state-of-the-art models attempt to improve the accuracy of the next POI recommendation by incorporating temporal and spatial intervals or by partitioning the POI coordinates into grids. However, they all overlook a detail that in real life, people always want to know where to go at an exact time point or after a specific time interval instead of aimlessly asking where to go next. Moreover, due to individual preferences, different users may visit different places at the same timestamp. Therefore, utilizing timestamp queries can enhance the personalized recommendation capability of the model and mitigate overfitting risks. These implies that using timestamp can achieve more precise recommendations. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use the next timestamp for next POI recommendation. In particular, we propose a Time-Stamp Cross Attention Network (TSCAN). TSCAN is a two-layer cross-attention network. The first layer, Time Stamp Cross Attention Block (TSCAB), uses cross-attention between the next timestamp and historical timestamps, and multiplies the attention scores on corresponding POI to predict the next POI that is most related to the history. The other layer, Cross Time Interval Aware Block (CTIAB), applies the time intervals between the next timestamp and historical timestamps to the POI obtained by TSCAB and historical POIs, allowing temporally adjacent POIs to have a greater similarity. Our model not only has a significant improvement in accuracy but also achieves the goal of personalized recommendation, effectively alleviating overfitting. We evaluate the proposed model with three real-world LBSN datasets, and show that TSCAN outperforms the state-of-the-art next POI recommendation models by 5~9%. TSCAN can not only recommend the next POI, but also recommend the possible POI to visit at any specific timestamp in the future.
Bayesian prediction and estimation based on a shrinkage prior for a Poisson regression model
Authors: Komaki Fumiyasu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe introduce a Poisson regression model with a natural structure, as viewed from the perspective of information geometry. A shrinkage prior distribution can be utilized similarly to the multi-dimensional Poisson distribution. In the Poisson regression model, we demonstrate that the Bayes extended estimator and Bayesian predictive density based on the shrinkage prior dominate those based on the Jeffreys prior under the Kullback–Leibler loss. By considering a multi-dimensional Poisson process, we show that the loss of the Bayesian predictive density is expressed as the integral of the loss of the Bayes extended estimators. Additionally, we discuss on the numerical evaluation of the Bayes extended estimates
Characterizing Radiation‐Belt Energetic Electron Precipitation Spectra: A Comparison of Quasi‐Linear Diffusion Theory With In Situ Measurements
Authors: Reidy J. A. , Horne R. B. , Glauert S. A. , Clilverd M. A. , Meredith N. P. , Rodger C. J. , Ross J. P. , Wong J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh energy electron precipitation from the Earth's radiation belts is important for loss from the radiation belts and atmospheric chemistry. We follow up investigations presented in Reidy et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja028410) where precipitating flux is calculated inside the field of view of the POES T0 detector using quasi‐linear theory and pitch angle diffusion coefficients (Dαα) from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). These results showed good agreements at >30 keV for L* >5 on the dawnside but the flux were too low at higher energies. We have investigated the effect of changing parameters in the calculation of the precipitating flux to improve the results for the higher energies using comparisons of in situ flux and cold plasma measurements from GOES‐15 and RBSP. We find that the strength of the diffusion coefficients rather than the shape of the source spectrum has the biggest effect on the calculated precipitation. In particular we find decreasing the cold plasma density used in the calculation of Dαα increases the diffusion and hence the precipitation at the loss cone for the higher energies, improving our results. The method of calculating Dαα is also examined, comparing co‐located rather than averaged RBSP measurements. We find that the method itself has minimal effect but using RBSP derived Dαα improved our results over using Dαα calculated using the entire BAS wave data base; this is potentially due to better measurements of the cold plasma density from RBSP than the other spacecraft included in the BAS wave data base (e.g., THEMIS).
Seasonal Variations of Sq Current System in Different Longitudinal Sectors and Solar Activities
Authors: Liu Xiaocan , Han Peng , Hattori Katsumi , Chen Huaran , Chen Junjie , Jiao Liguo , Tu Jiyao , Lei Yu , Zhao Junhao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractYears of geomagnetic observatory data during the geomagnetic quiet days (Kp ≤ 3) at the low and middle dip latitudes from INTERMAGNET and SuperMAG were utilized. Seasonal models of Sq currents for two longitudinal chains at each year and under two solar activity levels (F10.7 index are ∼75 and 125 sfu) were constructed by spherical harmonic analysis. It is found that there are significant seasonal variations of Sq currents in the Asian‐Oceanian (A‐O) and North‐South American (N‐SA) longitude sectors under different solar activities. First, the focus intensity J increases faster in local winter than in summer for both two hemispheres as solar activity strengthens. J of ionospheric currents in the northern hemisphere (NH) during local winter is higher than that in the southern hemisphere during its winter. This asymmetric activity in the N‐SA chain increases with the solar activity becomes stronger. Second, with solar activity increases, the ionospheric current focus of N‐SA chain in the NH shifts toward the lower latitudes during two solstices, while internal current focus of both two chains move toward the lower latitudes during the December solstice. Seasonal variations of Sq currents in the two chains exhibit longitudinal effects. With increasing solar activity, the two hemispheric focuses of the ionospheric currents in the A‐O chain both move closer to the midday longitude sector, while in the N‐SA chain, only the focus in the NH shifts toward noon. The results reveal details of the seasonal variations of Sq currents.
Influence of the Jovian Current Sheet Models on the Mapping of the UV Auroral Footprints of Io, Europa, and Ganymede
Authors: Rabia J. , Nénon Q. , André N. , Hue V. , Santos‐Costa D. , Kamran A. , Blanc M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe in situ characterization of moon‐magnetosphere interactions at Jupiter and the mapping of moon auroral footpaths require accurate global models of the magnetospheric magnetic field. In this study, we compare the ability of two widely‐used current sheet models, Khurana‐2005 (KK2005) and Connerney‐2020 (CON2020) combined with the most recent internal magnetic field model of Jupiter (JRM33) to match representative Galileo and Juno measurements acquired at low, medium, and high latitudes. With the adjustments of the KK2005 model to JRM33, we show that in the outer and middle magnetosphere (R > 15RJ), JRM33 + KK2005 is found to be the best model to reproduce the magnetic field observations of Galileo and Juno as it accounts for local time effects. JRM33 + CON2020 gives the most accurate representation of the inner magnetosphere. This finding is drawn from comparisons with Juno in situ magnetic field measurements and confirmed by contrasting the timing of the crossings of the Io, Europa, and Ganymede flux tubes identified in the Juno particles data with the two model estimates. JRM33 + CON2020 also maps more accurately the UV auroral footpath of Io, Europa, and Ganymede observed by Juno than JRM33 + KK2005. The JRM33 + KK2005 model predicts a local time asymmetry in position of the moons' footprints, which is however not detected in Juno's UV measurements. This could indicate that local time effects on the magnetic field are marginal at the orbital locations of Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Finally, the accuracy of the models and their predictions as a function of hemisphere, local time, and longitude is explored.