bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current management of neonatal abstinence syndrome: a survey of practice in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Dempsey Sharon , O’ Grady Michael J 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo study the current management practices of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) throughout the UK and Ireland and identify changes in practice from the most recent survey in 2008.DesignPostal questionnaire to a consultant paediatrician or neonatologist in all 215 neonatal units in the UK and Ireland in January 2020.ResultsResponse rate was 62%. An objective scoring tool was used in 97% of units and the Finnegan score was favoured by 70%. Morphine sulfate use as first line for the treatment of opiate withdrawal was almost universal and 70% used a dose of 40 µg/kg every 4 hours (240 µg/kg/day). Phenobarbitone administration as a second-line agent for opiate withdrawal increased to 61% of units with significant reductions in chloral hydrate and chlorpromazine use compared with the previous survey. Morphine sulfate and phenobarbitone remain the preferred first-line and second-line agents, respectively, for polysubstance withdrawal. There was a significant increase in chlorpromazine use as first line for polydrug withdrawal (1.5–14.2%). The practice of units discharging infants’ home on medication increased to 46% from 29%. All units now permit breastfeeding in mothers taking methadone, compared with 81% previously.Conclusion and relevanceCompared with the previous survey, improvements in evidence-based practices were noted, highlighting the benefits of this type of research. Nonetheless, significant variation still exists in some aspects of the management of NAS. Post-discharge follow-up varies widely, with particular deficits in ophthalmology follow-up.
IL-20 controls resolution of experimental colitis by regulating epithelial IFN/STAT2 signalling
Authors: Chiriac Mircea Teodor , Hracsko Zsuzsanna , Günther Claudia , Gonzalez-Acera Miguel , Atreya Raja , Stolzer Iris , Wittner Leonie , Dressel Anja , Schickedanz Laura , Gamez-Belmonte Reyes , Erkert Lena , Hundorfean Gheorghe , Zundler Sebastian , Rath Timo , Vetrano Stefania , Danese Silvio , Sturm Gregor , Trajanoski Zlatko , Kühl Anja A , Siegmund Britta , Hartmann Arndt , Wirtz Stefan , Siebler Jürgen , Finotto Susetta , Becker Christoph , Neurath Markus F 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-20 in IBD and experimental colitis.DesignExperimental colitis was induced in mice deficient in components of the IL-20 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)2 signalling pathways. In vivo imaging, high-resolution mini-endoscopy and histology were used to assess intestinal inflammation. We further used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), RNAScope and Gene Ontology analysis, western blot analysis and co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived three-dimensional organoids to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results were validated using samples from patients with IBD and non-IBD control subjects by a combination of RNA-Seq, organoids and immunostainings.ResultsIn IBD,IL20levels were induced during remission and were significantly higher in antitumour necrosis factor responders versus non-responders. IL-20RA and IL-20RB were present on IECs from patients with IBD and IL-20-induced STAT3 and suppressed interferon (IFN)-STAT2 signalling in these cells. In IBD, experimental dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and mucosal healing, IECs were the main producers of IL-20. Compared with wildtype controls,Il20−/−, Il20ra−/−andIl20rb−/−mice were more susceptible to experimental DSS-induced colitis. IL-20 deficiency was associated with increased IFN/STAT2 activity in mice and IFN/STAT2-induced necroptotic cell death in IEC-derived organoids could be markedly blocked by IL-20. Moreover, newly generatedStat2ΔIECmice, lacking STAT2 in IECs, were less susceptible to experimental colitis compared with wildtype controls and the administration of IL-20 suppressed colitis activity in wildtype animals.ConclusionIL-20 controls colitis and mucosal healing by interfering with the IFN/STAT2 death signalling pathway in IECs. These results indicate new directions for suppressing gut inflammation by modulating IL-20-controlled STAT2 signals.
Sport-related major trauma incidence in young people and adults in England and Wales: a national registry-based study
Authors: Davies Madeleine , Lawrence Tom , Edwards Antoinette , McKay Carly , Lecky Fiona E , Stokes Keith A , Williams Sean 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesData on sport and physical activity (PA) injury risk can guide intervention and prevention efforts. However, there are limited national-level data, and no estimates for England or Wales. This study sought to estimate sport and PA-related major trauma incidence in England and Wales.MethodsNationwide, hospital registry-based cohort study between January 2012 and December 2017. Following Trauma Audit and Research Network Registry Research Committee approval, data were extracted in April 2018 for people ≥16 years of age, admitted following sport or PA-related injury in England and Wales. The population-based Active Lives Survey was used to estimate national sport and PA participation (ie, running, cycling, fitness activities). The cumulative injury incidence rate was estimated for each activity. Injury severity was described by Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15.Results11 702 trauma incidents occurred (mean age 41.2±16.2 years, 59.0% male), with an ISS >15 for 28.0% of cases, and 1.3% were fatal. The overall annual injury incidence rate was 5.40 injuries per 100 000 participants. The incidence rate was higher in men (6.44 per 100 000) than women (3.34 per 100 000), and for sporting activities (9.88 per 100 000) than cycling (2.81 per 100 000), fitness (0.21 per 100 000) or walking (0.03 per 100 000). The highest annual incidence rate activities were motorsports (532.31 per 100 000), equestrian (235.28 per 100 000) and gliding (190.81 per 100 000).ConclusionInjury incidence was higher in motorsports, equestrian activity and gliding. Targeted prevention in high-risk activities may reduce admissions and their associated burden, facilitating safer sport and PA participation.
U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of the Jurassic magmatic rocks from the region of Cananea and Nacozari, northeastern Sonora, Mexico: timing and composition of the southernmost edge of the Jurassic continental arc
Authors: Valencia-Moreno Martín , González-León Carlos M. , Solari Luigi , Rascón-Heimpel Mario Arturo , González-Becuar Elizard , Lozano-Santacruz Rufino , Pérez-Arvizu Ofelia 
Published: October 2023

Igneous rocks of the Jurassic continental arc of southwest North American Cordillera crop out in the region between Cananea and Nacozari, in northeastern Sonora, Mexico. Contemporaneous igneous rocks occur farther south in the Nazas rift province; however, their tectonic affinity is debated between the southern extension of the Cordilleran arc and an origin associated with decompressive mantle melting during the Pangea breakup. We consider that the studied rocks represent the southernmost expression of the Jurassic continental arc. Four magmatic units are distinguished based on geology, U–Pb zircon geochronology, and geochemical composition. They comprise the Buenos Aires granite dated at 183.8 ± 1.1 Ma, the Mababi granite with ages of 175.5 ± 1.8, 173.5 ± 1.8, and 171.7 ± 1.0 Ma, the Elenita Formation volcanic rocks dated at 169.7 ± 1.7 Ma, and the Cerro Blanco granite dated at 162.3 ± 2.4 Ma. The studied samples correspond to highly differentiated rocks with high-silica contents (69–76 wt.%), low Mg# values (mostly <45), and alkali–calcic and peraluminous compositions suggesting crustal contamination. LREE-enriched normalized slopes with negative Eu anomalies and multielement plots characterized by well-developed negative anomalies of Nb–Ta, P, and Ti provide an unequivocal signal of the continental arc nature. In contrast to the Nazas province, where the Jurassic magmatism consists of discreet volcaniclastic sequences deposited in extensional basins with no evidence of plutonic rocks, the Jurassic continental arc of Arizona and northern Sonora forms a regionally coherent geological feature characterized by large exposures of volcanic and plutonic rocks.
Active Ising Models of flocking: a field-theoretic approach
Authors: Scandolo Mattia , Pausch Johannes , Cates Michael E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Using an approach based on Doi-Peliti field theory, we study several different Active Ising Models (AIMs), in each of which collective motion (flocking) of self-propelled particles arises from the spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry. We test the predictive power of our field theories by deriving the hydrodynamic equations for the different microscopic choices of aligning processes that define our various models. At deterministic level, the resulting equations largely confirm known results, but our approach has the advantage of allowing systematic generalization to include noise terms. Study of the resulting hydrodynamics allows us to confirm that the various AIMs share the same phenomenology of a first-order transition from isotropic to flocked states whenever the self-propulsion speed is nonzero, with an important exception for the case where particles align only pairwise locally. Remarkably, this variant fails entirely to give flocking—an outcome that was foreseen in previous work, but is confirmed here and explained in terms of the scalings of various terms in the hydrodynamic limit. Finally, we discuss our AIMs in the limit of zero self-propulsion where the ordering transition is continuous. In this limit, each model is still out of equilibrium because the dynamical rules continue to break detailed balance, yet it has been argued that an equilibrium universality class (Model C) prevails. We study field-theoretically the connection between our AIMs and Model C, arguing that these particular models (though not AIMs in general) lie outside the Model C class. We link this to the fact that in our AIMs without self-propulsion, detailed balance is not merely still broken, but replaced by a different dynamical symmetry in which the dynamics of the particle density is independent of the spin state.

Graphical Abstract
.
Cretaceous amber insects
Authors: Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Coram Robert A. , Song Zhenyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Amber first became relatively abundant and widespread in the geological record during the Cretaceous period. It originated often as copious resin production by a variety of incompletely understood coniferous trees, generally under humid climates, but not excluding seasonal aridity. Study of insect and other organic inclusions only commenced in the twentieth century, but has expanded considerably since then, with several thousand taxa now described. Cretaceous amber insects can be exquisitely preserved in three dimensions, although tend to be biased towards smaller individuals that lived in the local forest environment. They are therefore complemented by the Cretaceous rock record, which sampled larger insects and other habitats. As well as the fine morphological detail exhibited by the amber insect inclusions, various behaviours and interactions unlikely to be otherwise preserved can be found frozen in time, such as brooding behaviour and the entrapment of insects in spiders’ webs. Insects in amber also provide important information about evolutionary changes over the course of the Cretaceous, including the rise of eusociality and angiosperm pollination.
At the Locus of Performance: Quantifying the Effects of Copious 3D-Stacked Cache on HPC Workloads
Authors: Domke Jens , Vatai Emil , Gerofi Balazs , Kodama Yuetsu , Wahib Mohamed , Podobas Artur , Mittal Sparsh , Pericàs Miquel , Zhang Lingqi , Chen Peng , Drozd Aleksandr , Matsuoka Satoshi 
Published: October 2023

Over the last three decades, innovations in the memory subsystem were primarily targeted at overcoming the data movement bottleneck. In this paper, we focus on a specific market trend in memory technology: 3D-stacked memory and caches. We investigate the impact of extending the on-chip memory capabilities in future HPC-focused processors, particularly by 3D-stacked SRAM. First, we propose a method oblivious to the memory subsystem to gauge the upper-bound in performance improvements when data movement costs are eliminated. Then, using the gem5 simulator, we model two variants of a hypothetical LARge Cache processor (LARC), fabricated in 1.5 nm and enriched with high-capacity 3D-stacked cache. With a volume of experiments involving a broad set of proxy-applications and benchmarks, we aim to reveal how HPC CPU performance will evolve, and conclude an average boost of 9.56× for cache-sensitive HPC applications, on a per-chip basis. Additionally, we exhaustively document our methodological exploration to motivate HPC centers to drive their own technological agenda through enhanced co-design.
The Dirty Secret of SSDs: Embodied Carbon
Authors: Tannu Swamit , Nair Prashant J. 
Published: October 2023

Scalable Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have ushered in a transformative era in data storage and accessibility, spanning both data centers and portable devices. However, the strides made in scaling this technology can bear significant environmental consequences. On a global scale, a notable portion of semiconductor manufacturing relies on electricity derived from coal and natural gas sources. A striking example of this is the manufacturing process for a single Gigabyte of Flash memory, which emits approximately 0.16 Kg of CO
2
- a considerable fraction of the total carbon emissions attributed to the system. Remarkably, the manufacturing of storage devices alone contributed to an estimated 20 million metric tonnes of CO
2
emissions in the year 2021.

In light of these environmental concerns, this paper delves into an analysis of the sustainability trade-offs inherent in Solid-State Drives (SSDs) when compared to traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). Moreover, this study proposes methodologies to gauge the embodied carbon costs associated with storage systems effectively. The research encompasses four key strategies to enhance the sustainability of storage systems.
Firstly, the paper offers insightful guidance for selecting the most suitable storage medium, be it SSDs or HDDs, considering the broader ecological impact. Secondly, the paper advocates for implementing techniques that extend the lifespan of SSDs, thereby mitigating premature replacements and their attendant environmental toll. Thirdly, the paper emphasizes the need for efficient recycling and reuse of high-density multi-level cell-based SSDs, underscoring the significance of minimizing electronic waste.
Lastly, for handheld devices, the paper underscores the potential of harnessing the elasticity offered by cloud storage solutions as a means to curtail the ecological repercussions of localized data storage. In summation, this study critically addresses the embodied carbon issues associated with SSDs, comparing them with HDDs, and proposes a comprehensive framework of strategies to enhance the sustainability of storage systems.
Direct Medical Spending on Young and Average-Age Onset Colorectal Cancer before and after Diagnosis: a Population-Based Costing Study
Authors: Garg Ria , Sayre Eric C. , Pataky Reka , McTaggart-Cowan Helen , Peacock Stuart , Loree Jonathan M. , McKenzie Michael , Brown Carl J. , Yeung Shirley S.T. , De Vera Mary A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Despite a better understanding of the increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC; age at diagnosis &lt;50 years), little is known about its economic burden. Therefore, we estimated direct medical spending on yCRC before and after diagnosis.

Methods:
We used linked administrative health databases in British Columbia, Canada, to create a study population of yCRC and average-age onset colorectal cancer (aCRC; age at diagnosis ≥50 years) cases, along with cancer-free controls. Over the 1-year period preceding a colorectal cancer diagnosis, we estimated direct medical spending on hospital visits, healthcare practitioners, and prescription medications. After diagnosis, we calculated cost attributable to yCRC and aCRC, which additionally included the cost of cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) across phases of care.

Results:
We included 1,058 yCRC (45.4% females; age at diagnosis 42.4 ± 6.2 years) and 12,619 aCRC (44.8% females; age at diagnosis of 68.1 ± 9.2 years) cases. Direct medical spending on the average yCRC and aCRC case during the year before diagnosis was $6,711 and $8,056, respectively. After diagnosis, the overall average annualized cost attributable to yCRC significantly differed in comparison with aCRC for the initial ($50,216 vs. $37,842; P &lt; 0.001), continuing ($8,361 vs. $5,014; P &lt; 0.001), and end-of-life cancer phase ($86,125 vs. $61,512; P &lt; 0.001) but not end-of-life non-cancer phase ($77,273 vs. $23,316; P = 0.372).

Conclusions:
Reported cost estimates may be used as inputs for future economic evaluations pertaining to yCRC.

Impact:
We provided comprehensive cost estimates for healthcare spending on young-onset colorectal cancer.
Effects of Human-Dolphin Interactions on Tourist Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Dolphins
Authors: Hill Heather M. Manitzas , Highfill Lauren , Bolton Teri , Henriquez Waleska , Dudzinski Kathleen , Gutierrez Matthew , Birk Danielle , Yeater Deirdre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Human-wildlife interactions have been shown to positively impact tourist beliefs and actions in relation to wildlife and the environment. The purpose of this study was to explore guest beliefs and perceptions about dolphins and dolphin programs before and after participating in human-dolphin interactions (HDI). We surveyed 142 guests participating in a self-selected HDI located in a natural lagoon facility at The Roatán Institute for Marine Sciences in Sandy Bay Roatán, Honduras. Of the 142 survey respondents, 130 completed the survey fully, and 28 of those 130 also completed a two-week follow-up survey. The results indicated that the guests maintained pre-existing positive attitudes towards dolphins, learned new information, and reported feeling connected with nature following their HDI experiences. The HDI experience format resulted in few differences in participant responses, suggesting that interactive programs maintained existing attitudes while subtly shaping beliefs about human-animal interactions.
Inner Healing, Embodied Emotions, and the Therapeutic Culture of Christian Healing Ministries
Authors: Althouse Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This address explores the relationship between pentecostal experience and pentecostal rituals and practices. Specifically, it will investigate this relationship through an analysis of healing and deliverance. This exploration takes place in three parts. First, it offers a description of the role, practices, and experience(s) of healing in Christian Healing Ministries. Second, it provides a theoretical orientation for analyzing and understanding the social and religious processes that are occurring in the ministry. Finally, it offers some theological and personal reflections on conducting this kind of research and their implications for the study of Pentecostalism.
“Stony Optic Defies”
Authors: Chism Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite being healed from smallpox in 1903, William Seymour incurred scarring in his left eye and lived with monocular vision. He wore a glass eye that somewhat concealed his disability, and few photographs reveal his deformity. Pentecostal scholars have reflected deeply on Seymour’s race and class but have devoted little discussion to his disability. Seymour himself seemingly attributed his blindness to his own sin, but his theology assumed that healing was available to everyone, and that God aimed to cure all sick and disabled persons. The disjuncture between Seymour’s theology and his personal experience of disability gives Pentecostals an opportunity to reflect anew on how the movement has unknowingly misunderstood and harmed many persons living with disabilities.
Capitalism, Democracy and World Politics in the 21st Century
Authors: Cerny Philip G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
World Politics is undergoing a range of crucial structural changes in the 21st century. The relationship between the states system that evolved since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and became predominant in the 19th and 20th centuries is being increasingly challenged in a number of complex ways. The core problématique, as addressed in different ways in these books, is whether states are still predominant hierarchical structures in an anarchical world system – “nodes” or building blocks – as argued in particular by realist and neo-realist theorists exemplified by Kenneth Waltz, or whether they are increasingly criss-crossed and undercut by what are sometimes called “heterarchical” structure and processes. These include macro-, meso-, and mini-hierarchies that are turning states from “proactive” institutions and processes to “reactive” or even or even “residual” ones. The core of these analyses is whether and how states are still the main independent variables in what has been called International Relations or whether and how far they are increasingly dependent variables in a changing World Politics. These books all make interesting and useful contributions to this question.
Global Standard-Setting for Artificial Intelligence: Para-regulating International Law for AI?
Authors: Bello y Villarino José-Miguel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although there are several ongoing attempts at the international level to develop rules applicable to artificial intelligence (‘AI’) across countries, only the joint work of the International Organization for Standardization (‘ISO’) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (‘IEC’) has been successful at delivering a text with global character: the foundational standard, ‘ISO/IEC 22989:2022(E)—artificial intelligence concepts and terminology’, published in July 2022. This article explores the meaning and implications of this new standard from a regulatory point of view. The argument advanced is that despite its voluntary nature, this standard sets a pathway for future regulation of AI internationally, making it a paramount example of para-regulation. Para-regulation is understood here as the norms that do not place themselves within the legal space but delineate boundaries for posterior developments within that legal space. The author adopts a critical view of this para-regulatory role, arguing that the institutional arrangements in which these standards are created, in terms of representation and decision-making procedures, are far from ideal. This is particularly the case given the possibility of regulatory confrontation between key international players.