bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐year students' achievement emotions at university: A cluster analytic approach to understand variability in attendance and attainment
Authors: Earl Stephen R. , Bishop Daniel , Miller Kirsty , Davison Ellie , Pickerell Lynn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudents' initial experiences at university often shape their attendance and attainment. For some students, university is a positive experience, whereas others seemingly struggle and have more negative emotions. Unearthing distinctions in first‐year students' emotionality may be valuable in understanding their academic engagement and performance.AimsThe study's aim was to identify distinct profiles of students based on their achievement emotions and explore whether these profiles differed in university attendance and attainment. At least three emotional profiles were hypothesized (positive; moderate; negative) with a positive profile expected to display the highest attendance and attainment.SampleParticipants were 294 first‐year undergraduate students from a university in the United Kingdom (Mage = 19.33 years; 127 men; 162 women).MethodsStudents completed self‐report measures of eight achievement emotions for general learning. Attendance and attainment data were collected from official records. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to profile students on their achievement emotions. Analysis of covariance explored profile differences in attendance and attainment.ResultsFour emotional profiles emerged: positive; moderate; negative; mixed‐valence (both positive and negative activating emotions). The positive and mixed‐valence groups displayed equally high attendance compared to the moderate and negative groups. The positive group obtained higher academic attainment than the mixed‐valence and negative emotion groups, but not the moderate group.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the diverse emotional experiences of first‐year university students and the existence of co‐occurring positive and negative activation emotions. This evidence may be of practical worth to educators in understanding variability in students' emotions, attendance and attainment.
Variability in the age of schooling contributes to the link between literacy and numeracy in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Whitehead Hannah L. , Ball Mary‐Claire , Brice Henry , Wolf Sharon , Kembou Samuel , Ogan Amy , Jasińska Kaja K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiteracy and numeracy are correlated throughout development, however, our understanding of this relation is limited. We explored the predictors of literacy and numeracy covariance (i.e., shared fluency between literacy and numeracy) in children (N = 1167, girls = 563) in rural Côte d'Ivoire, with specific focus on how developmental timing of instruction may relate to covariance. Many Ivorian children experience late enrollment and grade repetition, leading to variation in age‐for‐grade; participants were between grades 1 to 6, but their ages ranged from 5 to 15 (M = 9.19, SD = 2.07). Phonological awareness, numerical magnitude, ordinality, working memory, and inhibitory control were cognitive predictors of covariance. Age‐for‐grade was negatively related to covariance suggesting that covariance is related to timing of instruction.
Therapeutic strategies for aberrant splicing in cancer and genetic disorders
Authors: Shi Wenhua , Tang Jingqun , Xiang Juanjuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate pre‐mRNA splicing is essential for proper protein translation; however, aberrant splicing is commonly observed in the context of cancer and genetic disorders. Notably, in genetic diseases, these splicing abnormalities often play a pivotal role. Substantial challenges persist in accurately identifying and classifying disease‐induced aberrant splicing, as well as in development of targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we examine prevalent forms of aberrant splicing and explore potential therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing these splicing‐related diseases. This summary contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities about aberrant splicing and provide a foundation for the development of effective therapeutic interventions in the field of genetic disorders and cancer.
A comparative study of BiZact™ tonsillectomy versus cold steel dissection technique in adults: Analysis of operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding rate and pain
Authors: Falz Hendrik , von Lücken Hans‐Jürgen , Münscher Adrian , Möckelmann Nikolaus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding rate and pain when using the relatively new BiZact™ tonsillectomy device compared to the commonly used cold steel dissection technique with bipolar cautery in adults.DesignRetrospective case control study. Parameters analysed for significant association with technique were operating time, intraoperative blood loss, wound pain on postoperative days 1–4 and rate of post‐tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB).SettingMonocentric study at a department of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at a tertiary centre in Germany.ParticipantsA total of 183 patients who underwent a bilateral tonsillectomy with either the BiZact™ tonsillectomy device or the cold dissection technique with bipolar cautery for haemostasis.Main Outcome MeasuresOperating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain on the first to fourth postoperative day (numeric rating scale: 0–10) (PTB, primary bleeding ≤24 h, secondary bleeding >24 h postoperative; Stammberger scale).Results and ConclusionThe BiZact™ tonsillectomy device leads to a significant shorter operating time with less intraoperative blood loss compared to cold steel dissection with bipolar haemostasis. No benefits with regards to PTB or postoperative pain could be observed. The use of the BiZact™ device provides major benefits in clinical routine and stands up to conventional tonsillectomy techniques.
Introduction: Contributions and reflections on Modern Heritage in the Anthropocene
Authors: Denison Edward , Vawda Shahid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractModern Heritage in the Anthropocene draws from a critical selection of the 54 papers presented at the second International MoHoA conference Modern Heritage in the Anthropocene, (October 26–28, 2022), hosted by The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, in partnership with the University of Liverpool's School of Architecture. The conference expanded MoHoA's aim of encouraging equitable approaches to modern heritage as an urgent and essential response to an age of planetary crises whose roots are entangled with centuries‐old culture of extraction, exploitation, and domination. Building on the lessons learned from the first MoHoA conference, Modern Heritage of Africa (2021), hosted by the University of Cape Town and the subject of an earlier special edition of Curator (65/July 3, 2022), this second conference emphasized the interconnection between these cultures and the dawn of the Anthropocene. Participants were asked to reflect on reconceptualized formulations of modern heritage and its entangled relationship with the planetary crises experienced, albeit unevenly and unequally, by all living and nonliving things. This paper assembles and reflects on the contributions of 18 peer‐reviewed papers that collectively demonstrate the range and depth of topics presented. In the spirit of equity, diversity, and inclusivity and in line with MoHoA's decentering, decolonizing, and reframing agenda, these have also been chosen to reflect the different contributors' experiences, from senior academics to young and early career professionals.
Patterns of metformin use and glycated haemoglobin trends among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Kim Tina , Campbell Dennis B. , Au Flora , Ronksley Paul E. , Weaver Robert G. , Campbell David J. T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimCanadian guidelines recommend metformin as first‐line therapy for incident uncomplicated type 2 diabetes and the vast majority of patients are treated accordingly. However, only 54% 65% remain on treatment after 1 year, with the highest discontinuation rates within the first 3 months. The purpose of this study was: (a) to identify individual and clinical factors associated with metformin discontinuation among patients with newly diagnosed uncomplicated type 2 diabetes in Alberta, Canada, and (b) describe glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories in the first 12 months after initiation of pharmacotherapy, stratified by metformin usage pattern.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative datasets from 2012 to 2017 to define a cohort of individuals with uncomplicated incident type 2 diabetes. Using logistic regression, we determined individual and clinical characteristics associated with metformin discontinuation. We categorized individuals based on patterns of metformin use and then used mean HbA1c measurements over a 12‐month follow‐up period to determine glycaemic trajectories for each pattern.ResultsCharacteristics associated with metformin discontinuation were younger age, lower baseline HbA1c and having fewer comorbidities. Sex, income and location (urban/rural) were not significantly associated with metformin discontinuation. Individuals who continued metformin with higher adherence and individuals who discontinued metformin entirely had lowest HbA1c values at 12 months from treatment initiation. Those who changed therapy or had additional therapies added had higher HbA1c values at 12 months.ConclusionIdentifying characteristics associated with discontinuation of metformin and individuals' medication usage patterns provide an opportunity for targeted interventions to support patients' glycaemic management.
Clinical features of type 1 diabetes in older adults and the impact of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring: An Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) study
Authors: Deshmukh Harshal , Adeleke Kazeem , Wilmot Emma G. , Folwell Anna , Barnes Dennis , Walker Neil , Saunders Simon , Ssemmondo Emmanuel , Walton Chris , Patmore Jane , Ryder Robert E. J. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the clinical features and impact of flash glucose monitoring in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) across age groups defined as young‐old, middle‐old, and old‐old.Materials and MethodsClinicians were invited to submit anonymized intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) user data to a secure web‐based tool within the National Health Service secure network. We collected baseline data before isCGM initiation, such as demographics, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values from the previous 12 months, Gold scores and Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS2) scores. For analysis, people with diabetes were classified as young‐old (65–75 years), middle‐old (>75–85 years) and old‐old (>85 years). We compared baseline clinical characteristics across the age categories using a t test. All the analyses were performed in R 4.1.2.ResultsThe study involved 1171 people with diabetes in the young‐old group, 374 in the middle‐old group, and 47 in the old‐old group. There were no significant differences in baseline HbA1c and DDS2 scores among the young‐old, middle‐old, and old‐old age groups. However, Gold score increased with age (3.20 [±1.91] in the young‐old vs. 3.46 [±1.94] in the middle‐old vs. 4.05 [±2.28] in the old‐old group; p < 0.0001). This study showed reduced uptake of insulin pumps (p = 0.005) and structured education (Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating [DAFNE] course; p = 0.007) in the middle‐old and old‐old populations compared to the young‐old population with T1D. With median isCGM use of 7 months, there was a significant improvement in HbA1c in the young‐old (p < 0.001) and old‐old groups, but not in the middle‐old group. Diabetes‐related distress score (measured by the DDS2) improved in all three age groups (p < 0.001) and Gold score improved (p < 0.001) in the young‐old and old‐old populations but not in the middle‐old population. There was also a significant improvement in resource utilization across the three age categories following the use of is CGM.ConclusionThis study demonstrated significant differences in hypoglycaemia awareness and insulin pump use across the older age groups of adults with T1D. The implementation of isCGM demonstrated significant improvements in HbA1c, diabetes‐related distress, hypoglycaemia unawareness, and resource utilization in older adults with T1D.
Populist Challenges to Truth and Democracy Met with Pragmatist Alternatives in Citizenship Education
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPopulists employ truth as a tool for aligning the people against the elite. Citizenship education rarely takes up critiques of liberal democracy, discussions of populism, or conversations about what truth is. This paper provides an alternative pragmatist vision of truth that builds on the populist call for democracy to better reflect the will of the people, while also pushing back against the harms potentially caused by populism. Students today need to learn how populism works performatively and through discourse. But more importantly, they also need to learn how to engage with populism by taking up some of the real challenges it poses in their communities today. Citizenship education that overtly talks about how truth operates and demonstrates how inquiry can be used to determine “what works” better prepares students for the flawed democracy we see at play today and provides pathways for improving it in the future.
Alarm therapy for nocturnal enuresis in children: A literature review
Authors: Wilson Julie S. , Doddy Gertrude 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNocturnal enuresis is a common childhood problem impacting the quality of life of children and families. Treatment with an enuresis alarm is recommended for 8–12 weeks by the International Children's Continence Society as first line management of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. However, the effectiveness of alarm therapy varies between 80% and 45.9%. There is minimal evidence within the literature exploring the factors impacting this varying response to alarm therapy. Therefore, this literature review aims to explore factors that impact the effectiveness of the enuresis alarm as a treatment for nocturnal enuresis, in children aged 5–17 years. Literature searches were conducted on MEDLINE (Ovid), SCOPUS and CINAHL Databases. The PRISMA tool was used to report the data in the search strategy. The inclusion criteria of children aged 5 to 17 years was chosen based on International Children's Continence Society Guidelines. English language, academic journals and studies in the past 10 years were selected as additional inclusion criterion to identify the most recent, robust literature for the review. All 13 primary research articles were critiqued using the Caldwell Framework. Data were extracted and presented in table format highlighting study methodology, sample, duration of treatment, relevance to review topic and key findings. The findings highlight factors influencing the effectiveness of alarm therapy related to the impact on the child and family, heighten arousal to the alarm, the duration of therapy, age of child and the impact of overlearning. This review provides health professionals with an insight into strategies that may help children and their family to respond successfully to enuresis alarm treatment.
NLRP3‐mediated periodontal ligament cell pyroptosis promotes root resorption
Authors: Li Xinyi , Men Xinrui , Ji Ling , Chen Xinyi , He Shushu , Zhang Ping , Chen Song 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the mechanisms by which periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) convert biomechanical stimulation into inflammatory microenvironment inducing root resorption (RR).Materials and MethodsRNA sequencing was employed to explore mechanisms in force‐inflammatory signal transduction. Then resorption volume, odontoclastic activity, PDLC pyroptotic ratio and NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)‐mediated pyroptosis pathway activation were analysed under force and pyroptosis inhibition. Further osteoclast formation, macrophage number and transwell polarization demonstrated the effects of PDLC pyroptosis on osteoclastogenesis and M1 polarization.ResultsRNA sequencing revealed that NLRP3‐mediated PDLC pyroptosis induced by Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)/NLRP3 pathway may be involved in mechano‐inflammatory signal transduction. PDLC pyroptosis under force and the expression of NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis pathway in force‐enhanced PDLCs were significantly increased, both in vivo and in vitro. MCC950 administration was sufficient to reduce PDLC pyroptosis and alleviate RR, odontoclast formation and M1 polarization in vivo. Further in vitro exploration showed that MCC950 treatment reduced PDLC force‐promoted pyroptosis and blocked NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis pathway. Moreover, by treating THP‐1 with force‐pretreated PDLCs or supernatants, NLRP3‐mediated PDLC pyroptotic released products induced osteoclast formation and M1 polarization.ConclusionsNLRP3‐mediated PDLC pyroptosis promotes RR. PDLCs transmit excessive force into inflammation signals through TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway, inducing PDLC pyroptosis, which directly promotes odontoclast formation and subsequent RR or promotes M1 polarization to indirectly trigger odontoclastogenesis and RR.
Continuity of Clinician Type and Intrapartum Experiences During the Perinatal Period in California
Authors: Ranchoff Brittany L. , Paterno Mary T. , Attanasio Laura B. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionContinuity of care with an individual clinician is associated with increased satisfaction and better outcomes. Continuity of clinician type (ie, obstetrician‐gynecologist or midwife) may also impact care experiences; however, it is unknown how common it is to experience discontinuity of clinician type and what its implications are for the birth experience. We aimed to identify characteristics associated with having a different clinician type for prenatal care than for birth and to compare intrapartum experiences by continuity of clinician type.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, data were from the 2017 Listening to Mothers in California survey. The analytic sample was limited to individuals with vaginal births who had midwifery or obstetrician‐gynecologist prenatal care (N = 1384). Bivariate and multivariate analysis examined characteristics of individuals by continuity of clinician type. We then examined associations of clinician type continuity with intrapartum care experiences.ResultsOverall, 74.4% of individuals had the same type of clinician for prenatal care and birth. Of individuals with midwifery prenatal care, 45.1% had a different birth clinician type, whereas 23.5% of individuals who had obstetrician‐gynecologist prenatal care had a different birth clinician type. Continuity of clinician type was positively associated with having had a choice of perinatal care clinician. There were no statistically significant associations between clinician type continuity and intrapartum care experiences.DiscussionFindings suggest individuals with midwifery prenatal care frequently have a different type of clinician attend their birth, even among those with vaginal births. Further research should examine the impact of multiple dimensions of continuity of care on perinatal care quality.
An investigation into the correlation between early‐to‐mid pregnancy exercise combined with cognitive behavioral therapy and anxiety levels and quality of life in patients
Authors: Mei Qiuying , Chen Xiaobo , Liu Lifang , Xiao Guilan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety and quality of life in pregnant women.MethodsThis study adopted a prospective randomized controlled trial design, and divided 60 pregnant women in the first and second trimesters into two groups. The control group received routine prenatal education, and the experimental group added moderate exercise and CBT on the basis of routine prenatal education. All participants completed the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQOL‐BREF) at the start of the study (baseline) and at 6 weeks after the intervention.ResultsBaseline data, scores on HARS, and scores on WHOQOL‐BREF were found to be consistent among the two groups of patients prior to the intervention (all P > 0.05). Following the intervention, the implementation of exercise combined with CBT resulted in significant improvements in anxiety levels within the experimental group, particularly with respect to aspects such as anxious mood, tension, insomnia, cognitive function, cardiovascular symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms (all P < 0.05). Similarly, the combination of exercise and CBT led to significant enhancement in the quality of life in the experimental group, particularly in areas such as physical health, psychological health, and environmental factors (all P < 0.05). Nevertheless, no significant disparities were observed between the two groups in terms of fears, depressive mood, muscular and sensory somatic symptoms, respiratory symptoms, genitourinary symptoms, autonomic symptoms, behavior during the interview, and social relationships (all P > 0.05).ConclusionExercise combined with CBT can effectively reduce the anxiety of pregnant women and improve their quality of life, which has important clinical significance for improving the mental health and quality of life of pregnant women in the first and second trimesters.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the efficacy of sleep interventions to treat suicidal ideation
Authors: Mournet Annabelle M. , Kleiman Evan M. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryResearchers at the intersection of sleep and suicide research have advocated for investigation of sleep disturbances as a therapeutic target for the purposes of treating and preventing suicide. This study aims to provide the first systematic review and meta‐analysis on the efficacy of sleep interventions to treat suicidal ideation. This systematic review and meta‐analysis, registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, was conducted in PsycINFO, through Ovid. A sample of eight articles were deemed eligible and a total of 21 effect sizes were included. Egger's test suggested that no publication bias was present (b = 0.3695; p = 0.0852). The pooled effect size for sleep treatments on suicidal ideation was small (g = −0.0931, p = 0.3047). Significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 44.13%), indicating the need for moderator analyses. Treatment type (medication versus psychotherapy; g = −0.2487, p = 0.3368), sex (g = −0.0007; p = 0.9263), and race (g = −0.0081; p = 0.1624) were all considered as moderators and were all found to be insignificant. This meta‐analysis revealed that initial studies exploring the efficacy of sleep interventions on suicidal ideation demonstrate small effect sizes. Despite this, the handful of studies included in this review nonetheless highlight this as an important area for continued exploration. The use of larger and more diverse samples, as well as intentionally designing sleep‐related interventions to improve ideation and behaviour, have the potential to enhance the efficacy of sleep interventions for this novel purpose.