bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Price and to Reimburse Publicly Funded Medicines in Latin America? Lessons Learned from Europe
Authors: Leopold Christine , Poblete Sergio , Vogler Sabine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews the main pricing policies in Latin American countries, discussing their shortcomings. It also gives an overview of the most common pricing and reimbursement policies in Europe and describes in detail three well-established approaches — international price referencing, value-based pricing, including setting up of health technology assessment, and generic and biosimilar policies — building on country examples.
Biosimilars and Heterogeneous Technological Trajectories in the Argentine Biopharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Lavarello Pablo José , Gutman Graciela , Pita Juan José 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper will review the strategies and learning trajectories followed to tap the opportunities opened by the successive waves of biotechnologies: early imitators followed by late imitators in the first generation of biosimilars (erythropoietin, insulins, interferons), and then sequential entry and skipping stages during the second generation (monoclonal antibodies).
Out-of-Pocket Spending and Financial Equity in the Access to Medicines in Latin America: Trends and Challenges: 2010-2020
Authors: Cortez Rafael , Medici Andre , Singh Rucheta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is evidence of persistent inequalities in household financial protection of health and drugs spending in Latin America. Despite the expansion of coverage, strong inequalities persist in access to health and family spending on drugs in the region. Out-of-pocket spending in medicines is regressive in greater need for affordable medicines.
North–South Plasma Asymmetry Across Mercury's Near‐Tail Current Sheet
Authors: Zhong Jun , Xie Lianghai , Lee Lou‐Chuang , Slavin James A. , Raines Jim M. , Dewey Ryan M. , Ip Wing‐Huen , Saito Yoshifumi , Wei Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAmong nearly 300 near‐Mercury tail current sheet crossings performed by the MESSENGER spacecraft, we identified 37 traversals of an asymmetric current sheet, wherein the lobe densities on opposite sides differ by a factor of three or more. These asymmetric current sheet crossings primarily occur on the dawnside. A global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation was found to be in excellent agreement with the observations. The results suggest that the north–south density asymmetry is caused by solar wind entering via an upstream‐connected window in one hemisphere. Furthermore, the Parker spiral interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) controls the near‐tail density asymmetries, whereas Mercury's offset dipole magnetic field controls those in mid‐ or distant‐tail regions. We propose that hemispheric asymmetries in Mercury's magnetospheric convection occur under strong IMF conditions.
Statistical Analysis of Electric Currents Within the Magnetosheath Using Dayside Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Observations
Authors: Salinas Hector A. , Wilder Frederick D. , Lopez Ramon E. , Strangeway Robert J. , Giles Barbara L. , Burch James L. , Torbert Roy B. , Oka Mitsuo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEarth's magnetosheath is the region of shocked plasma that mediates coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations predict electric current closure across the magnetosheath from the bow shock to the magnetopause. These currents provide a J × B force that diverts plasma flow along the flanks of the magnetosphere. Observations by the NASA Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission show that within the magnetosheath there are large amplitude, localized currents during periods of intense turbulence. We perform a statistical analysis of magnetic field data from the first 6 years (2015–2021) of the MMS mission during intervals when the satellites are on the dayside and generate statistical maps of electric current derived using the curlometer technique. We find that during the low magnetosonic Mach number regime (MMS < 5), the predicted current closure pattern becomes apparent for northward and southward IMF orientations, but not dawnward or duskward. For MMS > 5, results suggest that for all IMF orientations this large‐scale current closure pattern is not apparent, even after separating out quasi‐perpendicular (θbn ≥ 45°) and quasi‐parallel (θbn < 45°) bow shock conditions. Instead, the magnetosheath is dominated by small‐scale filamented current sheets that may be attributed to magnetosheath turbulence.
Spatiotemporal Variability in Phytoplankton Size Class Modulated by Summer Monsoon Wind Forcing in the Central Arabian Sea
Authors: Chowdhury Mintu , Biswas Haimanti , Silori Saumya , Sharma Diksha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Arabian Sea is an area of intense ocean‐atmospheric coupling that impacts its physicochemical, and biological processes. During the summer monsoon (June‐September), in the central Arabian Sea, a low‐level atmospheric jet blows parallel to the Arabian Peninsula causing open ocean upwelling in the north and downwelling in the south of the jet axis. High wind speeds are witnessed in the jet axis which advect nutrients from the Somali coast. Consequently, hydrography and physicochemical parameters show high spatial variability. In this dynamic region, phytoplankton size class distribution, directly controlled by nutrient supply, can be modulated by monsoon wind variability via upwelling, advection, and entrainment, however, has not been investigated recently. We studied phytoplankton size class related to atmospheric forcing, hydrography, and nutrient stoichiometry in August 2017 and 2018 along 64°E (11°N–21°N). Chemical taxonomy‐based analysis (CHEMTAX and manual) revealed that in the north, upwelling‐driven nutrient enrichment supported microphytoplankton, mostly diatoms contributing ∼50% to phytoplankton biomass. A stronger upwelling due to higher wind forcing in 2018 compared to 2017 resulted in an enhanced nutrient supply as well as an increased contribution of diatoms. Prymnesiophytic nanophytoplankton distribution was linked to mixed layer depths with insignificant spatial variability (20%–30%). Conversely, in the nutrient‐poor southern region, zeaxanthin and DV‐Chla containing picocyanobacteria and prochlorophytes contributed >50% to the total phytoplankton biomass and were associated with high temperatures. Likely, increasing warming and related changes in monsoon intensity might directly influence phytoplankton size classes impacting trophic transfer and carbon cycling.
Reversible data hiding in encrypted images with multi-prediction and adaptive huffman encoding
Authors: Ren Hua , Bai Guang-rong , Chen Tong-tong , Yue Zhen , Ren Ru-yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of multimedia technology and the massive accumulation of user data, a huge amount of data is rapidly generated and shared over the network, while the problems of inappropriate data access and abuse persist. Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) is a privacy-preserving method that embeds protected data in an encrypted domain and accurately extracts the embedded data without affecting the original content. However, the amount of embedded data has been one of the major limitations in the performance and application of RDHEI. Currently, the main approaches to improve the capacity of RDHEI are either to increase the overall capacity or to reduce the length of the auxiliary information. In this paper, we propose a novel RDHEI scheme based on multi-prediction and adaptive Huffman encoding. To increase the overall capacity, we propose a multi-prediction, called MED+GAP predictor, to generate the label map data of non-reference pixels prior to image encryption. Then, an adaptive Huffman coding is designed to compress the generated labels in order to reduce the embedding length of the auxiliary information used for the extraction and recovery. Experiments show that the proposed method with MED+GAP predictor and adaptive Huffman coding improves 0.052 bpp, 0.023 bpp, and 0.047 bpp on average over the other state-of-the-art methods on the BOSSBase, BOWS-2, and UCID datasets, respectively, while maintaining security and reversibility.
A nanoflower-like GaSe/β-Ga2O3 based heterostructure for highly efficient self-powered broadband photodetectors
Authors: Varshney Urvashi , Sharma Anuj , Yadav Aditya , Goswami Preeti , Gupta Govind 
Published: December 2023

The combination of GaSe nanoflowers with β-Ga2O3 results in a high-performance heterojunction photodetector with self-powered operation and outstanding responsivity from deep UV to visible wavelengths.
Circular Configuration of Torcular Herophili Presenting as Childhood Headache: 2D Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis with a Proposed Mechanism
Authors: Datta Debajyoti , Sekar Arunkumar , Patnaik Ashis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis case report presents a rare anatomical variant of the torcular Herophili, characterized by a circular configuration and the absence of the left transverse sinus. A 12-year-old child presented with intermittent holocranial headaches, and imaging revealed the circular torcular Herophili along with mild ventricular enlargement. The straight sinus drained into the left side of the circular torcular Herophili. Following lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, the child experienced symptom improvement. During a 6-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic, without further headaches or academic disruptions. Similar to a previously reported case, the circular torcular Herophili with unilateral absent transverse sinus may be associated with impaired CSF absorption due to altered blood flow through abnormal venous anatomy. We performed two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic analysis of simulated flow through a synthetic model and showed that this circular configuration is associated with venous stasis. The venous stasis in the sinus may impair CSF absorption through the arachnoid granulations causing hydrocephalus and explaining the headache. Close monitoring and follow-up are recommended for patients with this variant. Further investigation is needed to better understand the clinical implications and underlying mechanisms of such torcular Herophili variations.
Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy after Endovascular Treatment: Two Case Reports
Authors: Jankovic Dragan , Tanaka Riki , Sasaki Kento , Miyatani Kyosuke , Chemate Sachin , Nakipuria Mayank , Tamura Takamitsu , Komatsu Fuminari , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kato Yoko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare neurological complication that occurs after the use of contrast medium in various angiographic procedures. Symptoms can be different, from headache to severe neurological deficit and coma. In the articles published to date, symptoms appeared immediately after application of contrast agent or within 24 hours. Here we present two cases of patients in whom CIE developed delayed after endovascular treatment.
Factors influencing the martensitic transformation in Ni–Mn–Z (Z = Ga, Sn) Heusler alloys
Authors: Manea Nafea , Welter Edmund , Priolkar K R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The martensitic transition temperature of the Ni–Mn–Z (Z = Ga, In, Sn or Sb) generally scales with the average valence electron per atom (

e

/

a

) ratio. The

e

/

a

ratio can be increased either by increasing Ni content in lieu of Mn or Z (Ni-rich) or by substituting Mn for Z (Mn-rich). While the Mn-rich alloys display the expected scaling behaviour of the martensitic transition temperature, the Ni-rich alloys, with the exception of Z = Ga alloys, do not exhibit any dependency on the e/a ratio. By carefully studying and comparing the structure, local structure and the physical properties of the Ni-rich and Mn-rich Ni–Mn–Ga and Ni–Mn–Sn alloys, the cause of the difference in behaviour is identified. The off-stoichiometry brought about by increasing the Ni or Mn content, results in the formation of a new local structural environment in addition to the Heusler-like environment. If either of the two local structural environments is martensitic, then the resulting Ni-rich or Mn-rich alloy also exhibits martensitic transformation.
Defect engineering of 1T′ MX
2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se) transition metal dichalcogenide-based electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ogunkunle Samuel Akinlolu , Bouzid Assil , Hinsch Jack Jon , Allen Oscar J , White Jessica Jein , Bernard Samuel , Wu Zhenzhen , Zhu Yong , Wang Yun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) is a promising device for green hydrogen production. However, their energy conversion efficiency is currently limited by the low performance of the electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As such, the electrocatalyst design for the high-performance HER becomes essential for the advancement of AELs. In this work, we used both hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (OH) adsorption Gibbs free energy changes as the descriptors to investigate the catalytic HER performance of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in an alkaline solution. Our results reveal that the pristine sulfides showed better alkaline HER performance than their selenide counterparts. However, the activities of all pristine 1T′ TMDs are too low to dissociate water. To improve the performance of these materials, defect engineering techniques were used to design TMD-based electrocatalysts for effective HER activity. Our density functional theory results demonstrate that introducing single S/Se vacancy defects can improve the reactivities of TMD materials. Yet, the desorption of OH becomes the rate-determining step. Doping defective MoS2 with late 3d transition metal (TM) atoms, especially Cu, Ni, and Co, can regulate the reactivity of active sites for optimal OH desorption. As a result, the TM-doped defective 1T′ MoS2 can significantly enhance the alkaline HER performance. These findings highlight the potential of defect engineering technologies for the design of TMD-based alkaline HER electrocatalysts.
Quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles coating with macrophage membranes for targeted delivery in acute liver injury
Authors: Shang Jinlu , Liang Tiantian , Wei Daiqing , Qin Feiyang , Yang Jing , Ye Yun , Zhou Meiling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Quercetin (QU), a natural flavonoid with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, holds promise in treating acute liver injury (ALI). Nonetheless, its limited solubility hampers its efficacy, and its systemic distribution lacks targeting, leading to off-target effects. To address these challenges, we developed macrophage membrane-coated quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (MVs-QU-NPs) for active ALI targeting. The resulting MVs-QU-NPs exhibited a spherical morphology with a clear core–shell structure. The average size and zeta potential were assessed as 141.70 ± 0.89 nm and –31.83 ± 0.76 mV, respectively. Further studies revealed sustained drug release characteristics from MVs-QU-NPs over a continuous period of 24 h. Moreover, these MVs-QU-NPs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility when tested on normal liver cells. The results of biodistribution analysis in ALI mice displayed the remarkable ALI-targeting ability of MVs-DiD-NPs, with the highest fluorescence intensity observed in liver tissue. This biomimetic approach combining macrophage membranes with nanoparticle delivery, holds great potential for targeted ALI treatment.
Signature of topology via heat transfer analysis in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model
Authors: Upadhyay Vipul , Tahir Naseem M , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E , Marathe Rahul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, we explore how thermodynamics can be a potential tool for identifying the topological phase transition. Specifically, we focus on a one-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain sandwiched between two fermionic baths. To investigate distinctive thermodynamic signatures associated with the topological phase, we employ heat flow analysis. Our results, derived using a global master equation, unveil a significant suppression of heat flow as we transition from the trivial to the topological phase. This decline in heat flow can be attributed to the reduction in transmission coefficients of non-zero energy modes within the topological phase. It may serve as an indicator of a phase transition. Furthermore, we investigate the heat flow asymmetry to search for phase transition indicators. Interestingly, no asymmetry is observed when employing fermionic baths. However, upon substituting fermionic baths with bosonic ones, we report a non-zero heat flow asymmetry. For SSH model with few fermionic sites, this asymmetry is more pronounced in the topological phase compared to the trivial phase. Therefore, the observed behavior of the heat diode provides an additional means of distinguishing between the topological and trivial phases. Finally, we delve into the contributions from both bulk and edge effects in heat flow and rectification to explore the impact of small system sizes on our findings.
Offset boosting in a memristive hyperchaotic system
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Chunbiao , Lei Tengfei , Fu Haiyan , Liu Zuohua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article, an autonomous memristive hyperchaotic system with multi-dimensional offset boosting is constructed and analyzed. Besides this, the oscillation can be rescaled by an independent controller in the memristor. Two independent constants are obtained for offset boosting with one or two variables, which provide two modes of offset boosting, including single control and synchronous reverse control. In addition, the offset of the variables is also modified by the system bifurcation parameters or combined with amplitude control. The multistability can also be identified according to the offset boosting. Finally, circuit implementation based on PCB is proposed to confirm the numerical simulations.
Broadband THz graphene absorber with graphene and sensing of trimethylglycine concentration
Authors: Pan Zhe , Zhu Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a tunable broadband terahertz absorber based on metamaterial graphene. The absorber consists of a monolayer of graphene, a dielectric layer, and a metal reflection backing. By adjusting the applied bias voltage, the unique properties of graphene are utilized to control its Fermi level. Simulation results indicate that the absorber has an absorption rate exceeding 70% between 4.2–4.8 THz, with a maximum absorption rate reaching 99.99%, and a sensitivity of 740 GHz/RIU. Compared to similar studies, this structure has significant advantages in sensitivity. Due to the symmetry of the unit structure, the absorber is insensitive to the incident angle. We applied the absorber to trimethylglycine concentration. Experimental results show that the designed absorber can accurately identify the concentration of trimethylglycine solution, detecting concentrations as low as 0.5%.
Two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure for underwater acoustic cloaking using pentamode materials
Authors: Zaremanesh Mansour , Bahrami Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research article presents an innovative and novel approach to achieve underwater acoustic cloaking using a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure with pentamode materials in the kHz frequency range. Underwater acoustic cloaking holds substantial importance in various applications, such as marine engineering, imaging, and military operations, making the development of an efficient underwater acoustic shell imperative. The proposed cloak consists of a pentamode titanium material honeycomb lattice embedded in an air background, submerged in water. To attain effective camouflage and regulate the phase and energy flow, impedance matching was applied to the overall geometry of the structure. By fine-tuning the structural parameters of the cloaking shell, derived from the effective mass velocity and density for recovering reflected waves, impedance matching with water was ensured. Through simulation calculations and optimization design, the average total scattering cross-section of the acoustic cloak is determined to be 0.1. The results demonstrate that the pentamode material-based cloaking approach is not only suitable and efficient in achieving the cloaking phenomenon but also enhances operator flexibility. The operating frequency bandwidth of the acoustic cloaking system is approximately 8 kHz for lattice constant a = 5 mm. These findings pave the way for further advancements in underwater acoustic cloaking technologies.
Fast mode decision algorithm for AVS3 intra prediction
Authors: Wang Shaokang , Wu Zhihong , Xiang Guoqing , Jia Huizhu , Xie Xiaodong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
AVS3 is the latest generation of video coding standard developed independently by China. It obtains 50% bitrate savings under the same visual quality as compared with the previous generation coding standard AVS2, largely due to availability of numerous new coding tools. However, these newly introduced coding tools increase the computational complexity significantly and thus severely hinder the real applications of AVS3. In light of the above, this paper presents an innovative fast intra mode decision method that exploits texture information. In particular, for each Prediction Unit (PU), the Sobel operator is employed to obtain the gradient information, which helps to produce candidate intra prediction modes. In addition, to trade off coding efficiency against computational complexity, the PU content flatness is exploited to determine the number of candidate modes. The proposed method is implemented on HPM-4.0.1, and the experimental results demonstrate that it obtains 35.2% encoding time saving with moderate compression performance loss.
Decoupling: Image occlusion removal based on image segmentation and image inpainting
Authors: Jiang Anqi , Xu Haoran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In daily photography, there are often occlusions in the picture, which affect the overall image perception, so we hope to achieve object removal through image processing. At present, this research field is relatively new, has not yet formed a completed implementation system, and most of the implementation effect is rough, this study plans to achieve object removal by combining semantic segmentation and image inpainting. This paper also compares our model qualitatively or quantitatively with existing methods and conduct ablation experiments to fully illustrate our ideas. Extensive experiments show that the method obtains fairly good object removal performance.
Application of artificial intelligence in geography
Authors: Zhou Tianyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the gradual maturation of artificial intelligence technology and the widespread application of machine learning technology in recent years, the research direction of geographic science has shifted dramatically. It has become an important problem in geography to efficiently and accurately mine the inherent laws for these massive, diverse and multidimensional data. Simultaneously, through an in-depth study of geographic information systems, a more reasonable layout and planning in urban and rural construction, traffic management, industrial transfer, and other aspects of human geography can be made. This paper focuses on the application of various machine learning methods in various geographical environments, such as the atmosphere, geology, hydrology, and natural disasters in natural geography. Humanities like urban and rural planning, agricultural production, and tourism geography like GIS, RS, GIS, Beidou are key study object as well.