bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons to Worry About Employment During COVID‐19 Among Veterans With Disabilities
Authors: Umucu Emre , Granger Teresa , Degeneffe Charles Edmund , Lee Beatrice 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCOVID‐19 has resulted in enormous labour consequences for persons with disabilities, resulting in worries about their economic futures. While limited research assesses these worries in the general population, research to date has not examined employment‐related worries for veterans with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to assess if veteran status results in elevated employment‐related worries among persons with disabilities. Data from 219 employed persons with disabilities was extracted from a larger dataset of 269 persons with disabilities and chronic conditions. Respondents were asked to provide information on their demographic background (including veteran status) and respond to questions about their worries about job loss, COVID‐19‐related concerns, perceived COVID‐19 stress, and functional limitations. After controlling for the explained variance presented by demographic variables, perceived COVID–19 stress, and functional limitations, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed veteran status was significantly and positively related to worry about job loss. In the context of COVID‐19, veterans with disabilities face elevated worries about job loss compared to the general population of disabled persons. Future research needs to examine the reasons for this high level of worry to create veteran‐informed interventions.
Oral bioaccessibility trends for As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in vegetables grown in contaminated soils: A systematic review
Authors: Newell Jennifer , Cox Siobhan F. , Doherty Rory 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUrban and peri‐urban agriculture has the potential to address social, economic, and environmental issues by bringing communities together, producing low‐cost food, and greening derelict locations. However, many urban and peri‐urban brownfield sites have a legacy of soil metal and metalloid contamination, and so crops grown on these sites may pose risks to human health. This review uses orally bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) of common urban and peri‐urban soil contaminants observed in vegetables across literature to produce hierarchies of relative ingestion risks according to potentially toxic element (PTE), in vitro test, and vegetable type. This will inform human health risk assessment linked to consuming vegetable crops grown on PTE‐contaminated land and identify areas where further research is required. BAF values were obtained from relevant literature collected from multiple online databases, for a range of PTEs, in vitro test methods, and vegetable types. Overall, median PTE BAFs were ranked as: Cd > Ni > Cr > As > Pb. Across in vitro tests, the unified BARGE method (UBM) reported the highest median vegetable BAFs when assessing all PTEs and vegetables (median 63.0% G and 59.6% GI). Median crop BAFs were ranked as follows: non‐vegetables, for example, rice/fungi > legumes > root > bulb > leaf. These results will inform the site design of urban and peri‐urban agroecosystems to mitigate PTE ingestion risks.
Integrated Assessment Models
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and explains how the models increasingly engage with feasibility. Beginning with a brief history of IAMs, the chapter distinguishes between two primary classes of IAMs: Cost-Benefit IAMs (CB-IAMs) and Process-Based IAMs (PB-IAMs). While CB-IAMs focus on optimizing the balance between mitigation costs and climate impacts and have been extensively debated in philosophical circles, PB-IAMs remain relatively underexplored in climate philosophy and ethics despite their centrality to the science-policy interface. PB-IAMs differ from CB-IAMs by taking predefined climate goals – such as temperature targets – as fixed inputs and modeling the “mitigation pathways” required to achieve them. The chapter outlines the value PB-IAMs provide in understanding the complex interactions and dynamics at the heart of climate change mitigation. The chapter goes on to explain how IAMs use scenarios to explore possible futures and traces the recent evolution of PB-IAMs, particularly their increasing application in assessing the feasibility of climate goals and pathways. It is this recent history of assessing feasibility that should be of particular interest to climate philosophy.
Objective Assessments with Value-laden Models
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines how the goal of objectivity in scientific policy assessments can be achieved despite the value-laden nature of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). It begins by outlining the legitimacy challenge faced by scientific assessments: if IAMs embed specific value judgments, they risk unduly influencing policy decisions and undermining their perceived neutrality. To address this, the chapter proposes three principles for ensuring legitimate and objective scientific assessments with IAMs. Value Transparency: Value judgments in IAMs must be made explicit and presented as separate premises of the results. Value Plurality: IAM scenarios should represent a diverse range of viable value outlooks, ensuring that different kinds of mitigation strategies are supported by scientific evidence. Democratic Endorsement: Deliberative venues should be established to involve the public in legitimizing the value judgments embedded in models and scenarios, fostering democratic endorsement. These principles offer a provisional solution to the problem of legitimacy, demonstrating how scientific assessments can remain credible and authoritative while acknowledging the normative dimensions of IAMs.
Applying the Principles: Biases and Ethically-explicit Scenarios
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concluding chapter of the book critiques the current state of evidence produced by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), highlighting how biases in these models risk perpetuating existing injustices under the guise of seemingly neutral feasibility assessments. Three key biases are identified: a tendency to shift burdens to future generations, a deflection of responsibility from current major emitters, and a favoritism toward entrenched interests. These biases undermine the legitimacy of IAMs, as their pathways wield significant influence in shaping visions of the future. The chapter argues that IAMs obscure their normative dimension in two ways. First, value-laden assumptions made to render pathways “more realistic” often masquerade as neutral feasibility judgments. Second, presenting IAM outputs as feasibility assessments falsely conveys an image of objectivity, masking the models' normative dimensions. In response, the chapter emphasizes the need for ethically explicit scenarios incorporating justice considerations into scenario design. Ethicists must actively engage with IAMs to address these biases. Finally, revisiting the metaphor of modelers as mapmakers, the chapter proposes a type of value-explicit map design to be most fitting.
Histamine and TH2 cytokines regulate the biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and expression of their receptors in human mast cells
Authors: Gehlhaar Patricia , Schaper-Gerhardt Katrin , Gutzmer Ralf , Hasler Franziska , Röhn Till A , Werfel Thomas , Mommert Susanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
In skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, mast cells beyond other immune cells are present in increasing numbers. Upon activation, mast cells release a plethora of mediators, in particular histamine and leukotrienes, as well as chemokines and cytokines, which modulate the immune response of cells in their microenvironment and may influence mast cells in an autocrine loop. This study investigated the effects of histamine and TH2 cytokines on the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as well as CysLT receptor expression on human mast cells from healthy volunteers and patients with AD.

Methods
Human mast cells were generated from CD34+ progenitor cells from peripheral blood. The cultured mast cells were stimulated with IL-4, IL-13, histamine and different histamine receptor selective ligands. Expression of enzymes in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and expression of CysLT receptors were quantified by real-time PCR. The release of CysLTs was measured by ELISA.

Results
Mast cells from AD patients showed higher expression of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) and 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) compared to mast cells from healthy volunteers at baseline and in presence of histamine and TH2 cytokines. Expression of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), the biosynthesis of CysLTs, and mRNA expression of both CysLT receptors were induced by histamine and TH2 cytokines in mast cells from healthy volunteers and AD patients.

Conclusion
We provide evidence that in an acute allergic situation histamine and TH2 cytokines may activate the biosynthesis of pro-allergic cysteinyl leukotrienes and up-regulation of CysLT receptor expression in human mast cells. This suggests a novel mechanism for sustaining mast cell activation through a possible autocrine signalling loop under these conditions.
Erstfraktur bei Patienten mit Osteoporose
Authors: Falk Steffi S. I. 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Unter Berücksichtigung der Tatsachen, dass die erste osteoporotische Fraktur weitere nach sich zieht und die genauen Ursachen der typischen Frakturkaskade bisher noch ungeklärt sind, werfen sich die Fragen auf, an welchem Punkt diese Kaskade ihren Anfang nimmt und mit welcher Fraktur.

Methodik
Über den Untersuchungszeitraum von 12 Monaten wurden alle Patienten mit einer Fraktur der langen Röhrenknochen konsekutiv gescreent. Alle Teilnehmer wurden hinsichtlich vorliegender Risikofaktoren (inkl. Vorfrakturen) gemäß gültiger DVO-Leitlinie befragt. Anhand der vorliegenden Risikofaktoren erfolgte die Berechnung des Frakturrisikos, auf dessen Basis die Diagnose und auch die Therapieindikation erfolgte.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 613 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Hierunter bestand bei 378 Patienten die Indikation zur medikamentösen Osteoporosetherapie. In dieser Gruppe wurden 182 Vorfrakturen berichtet. Unter diesen Vorfrakturen war die distale Radiusfraktur mit 54 Patienten am häufigsten vertreten, gefolgt von den hüftgelenknahen Frakturen (n = 40) und proximalen Humerusfrakturen (n = 27). Bei einer Aufteilung der Daten nach Geschlecht zeigt sich erwartungsgemäß ein verändertes Bild. In Übereinstimmung mit den Inzidenzen lässt sich feststellen, dass Männer weniger distale Radiusfrakturen und dafür mehr hüftgelenknahe Frakturen aufweisen.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass für Frauen mit distaler Radiusfraktur eine gute Möglichkeit besteht, frühzeitig eine Diagnose und nachfolgend auch eine Therapie bezüglich der Osteoporose einzuleiten. Bei Männern hingegen manifestierten sich hüftgelenknahe Frakturen am häufigsten als Erstfrakturen, sodass durch Vorfrakturen kein frühzeitiger Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer Osteoporose abgeleitet werden konnte.
Analysis of the results of the regional innovation policies of the structural funds on business innovation indicators: does size and role matter in Andalusian business performance indicators?
Authors: Sande Veiga Diego 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a Convergence Objective Autonomous Community of the European Union, Andalusia was a beneficiary of the significant volume of European resources for regional innovation mobilised by the 2007–2013 Technology Fund and the 2014–2020 Smart Growth programme. For this reason, we evaluate the results of these technology policies in Andalusia through the main business innovation indicators, differentiating companies’ size and role in the projects financed by the ERDF-Innterconecta calls for proposals. The proposed analysis (through the study of projects, funds received, etc.) applies the Propensity Score Matching technique and seeks to identify the positive effect—or not—of participating into the policy analysed, which financed big R & D projects in Andalusia. The study is conducted differentiating the results considering the different groups of companies studied. The conclusion shows uneven results depending on the characteristics of the companies.
Barriers and facilitators to treat-to-target in axial spondyloarthritis in clinical practice: a mixed methods study
Authors: Smits Marius L. , Webers Casper , van Dooren Mirte , Mahler Elien A. M. , Vriezekolk Johanna E. , van Tubergen Astrid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the perceptions of patients and rheumatologists about a treat-to-target (T2T) strategy in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and identify the barriers and facilitators to its implementation in clinical practice. A mixed methods design was applied. Patients with axSpA who visited the outpatient clinic with active disease (AxSpA Disease Activity Score [ASDAS] ≥ 2.1), but did not receive a treatment adjustment, were identified. These patient cases were discussed in individual semi-structured interviews with the respective treating rheumatologists, and a subgroup of these patients was also interviewed. In parallel, all interviewed participants completed a quantitative survey. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed thematically and descriptively, respectively. Twenty-three patients were discussed with 11 rheumatologists, and 16 of these patients were interviewed personally. Barriers to T2T included challenges in the measurement of inflammatory disease activity using the ASDAS, and numerous patient-related factors such as concern about treatment adaptations. The limited number of viable treatment options and scarce amount of evidence supporting T2T in axSpA, as well as logistical challenges, were additional obstacles. Facilitators included patients’ broad knowledge about axSpA, rheumatologists’ awareness of T2T recommendations, and positive doctor-patient relationships with the application of shared decision-making. Moreover, a supporting infrastructure, such as one with high accessibility to the outpatient clinic between scheduled visits, was considered necessary for the application of a T2T strategy. In conclusion, numerous barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a T2T strategy in axSpA are present, which need to be considered when applying this treatment approach in clinical practice.
The impact of timing and type of donation decision on charitable giving
Authors: Chugunova Marina , Nicklisch Andreas , Schnapp Kai-Uwe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study how the timing and the type of donation decisions affect charitable giving. In an online real-effort experiment with a subsistence income constraint, participants could donate to a charity either before or after they worked to generate income. We find no evidence that timing affects the propensity to donate or the amounts donated. However, if a donation is expressed as a share of future income rather than an absolute amount, more people donate and they donate larger amounts. Advance commitment does not appear to have a motivational effect on effort. Our findings suggest that requesting donations as a share of future income may enhance charitable giving.
Do menstrual symptoms affect motor imagery skills in young women?
Authors: Özün Özgü İnal , Öztürk Merve , Üzelpasacı Esra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To examine the relationship between menstrual symptoms and motor imagery skills in young women.

Methods
A total of 117 women between the ages of 18–40 were included in the study. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the menstrual pain intensity, the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) for the menstrual-related symptoms, and the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) for the motor imagery were used. All measurements were conducted on the first or second day of the menstruation, depending on when the subject declared subjectively experiencing most symptoms.

Results
The relationship between menstruation symptoms and visual imagery (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI) skills was examined. A weak negative correlation was found between MSQ_negative effects/somatic complaints and KVIQ-20_KI (p = .040, r = −.199). The relationship between menstrual pain intensity and KVIQ-20 items was examined. The strongest relationship was found between VAS and KVIQ-20_knee_VI and KVIQ-20_hip_VI (p = 003, r = −.288; p = 005, r = −.270; p = 004, respectively). A weak negative correlation was also found between VAS and KVIQ-20_VI_total and KVIQ-20_KI_total (p = 0.004, r = −.275; p = 0.19, r = −.227, respectively).

Discussion
This is the first study to examine menstrual symptoms in women in detail and reveal their relationship with motor imagery skills. Menstrual symptoms, especially negative effects/somatic complaints seen during menstruation, negatively affect kinesthetic imagery ability. In addition; chronic menstrual pain has a negative effect on both kinesthetic and visual imagery abilities. Considering the impairments in motor imagery skills due to negative effects/somatic complaints during menstruation and chronic menstrual pain, adding motor imagery training to treatment programs aimed at improving women’s health may have positive effects.
From Sancus to Sancus $$^q$$: staleness and quantization-aware full-graph decentralized training in graph neural networks
Authors: Peng Jingshu , Liu Qiyu , Chen Zhao , Shao Yingxia , Shen Yanyan , Chen Lei , Cao Jiannong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged due to their success at modeling graph data. Yet, it is challenging for GNNs to efficiently scale to large graphs. Thus, distributed GNNs come into play. To avoid communication caused by expensive data movement between workers, we propose Sancus and its advanced version Sancus"Equation missing", the staleness and quantization-aware communication-avoiding decentralized GNN system. By introducing a set of novel bounded embedding staleness metrics and adaptively skipping broadcasts, Sancus abstracts decentralized GNN processing as sequential matrix multiplication and uses historical embeddings via cache. To further mitigate the communication volume, Sancus"Equation missing" conducts quantization-aware communication on embeddings to reduce the size of broadcast messages. Theoretically, we show bounded approximation errors of embeddings and gradients with a known fastest convergence guarantee. Empirically, we evaluate Sancus and Sancus"Equation missing" with common GNN models via different system setups on large-scale benchmark datasets. Compared to SOTA works, Sancus"Equation missing" can avoid up to

$$86\%$$

86
%

communication with

$$3.0\times $$

3.0
×

faster throughput on average without accuracy loss.
Value-at-risk constrained portfolios in incomplete markets: a dynamic programming approach to Heston’s model
Authors: Escobar-Anel Marcos , Havrylenko Yevhen , Zagst Rudi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We solve an expected utility-maximization problem with a Value-at-risk constraint on the terminal portfolio value in an incomplete financial market due to stochastic volatility. To derive the optimal investment strategy, we use the dynamic programming approach. We demonstrate that the value function in the constrained problem can be represented as the expected modified utility function of a vega-neutral financial derivative on the optimal terminal wealth in the unconstrained utility-maximization problem. Via the same financial derivative, the optimal wealth and the optimal investment strategy in the constrained problem are linked to the optimal wealth and the optimal investment strategy in the unconstrained problem. In numerical studies, we substantiate the impact of risk aversion levels and investment horizons on the optimal investment strategy. We observe a

$$20\%$$

20
%

relative difference between the constrained and unconstrained allocations for average parameters in a low-risk-aversion short-horizon setting.
Assessing the impact of EU policies on recycling supply chain: a system dynamics perspective on advancing packaging recycling capacity
Authors: Nguyen Tiep , Van Nguyen Truong , Zhou Li , Duong Quang Huy , Ieromonachou Petros 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recycling stands as a crucial strategy in mitigating climate change and advancing towards carbon neutrality. Within the European Union (EU), the development of a resilient recycling supply chain is of paramount importance, particularly in response to global disruptions such as the widespread ban on solid waste imports by numerous countries like China, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Such disruptions have exposed the vulnerabilities of EU member states, notably their overreliance on waste export and limited domestic recycling capacities. This study integrates primary data from diverse public sources into a system dynamics simulation model to assess the effectiveness of three policy types used to enhance EU domestic recycling capacities: Innovation-focused (IF), Subsidy-focused, and Market-based (MB) policies. Our findings show that IF policies exert the most considerable impact in the short term and continue to play a crucial role in the EU’s recycling capacity expansion over the medium and long term. Conversely, MB policies are identified as most effective for immediate capacity enhancement in response to abrupt disruptions. Finally, the result suggests the optimal policy mix where 84% government resources should be allocated to IF policies and 16% to MB policies to ensure the EU achieves the deliberate balance between short-term market stabilisation and long-term transformation of its domestic recycling capacity for economic, environmental, and social sustainability. This research represents a pioneering effort in examining the efficacy of a diverse array of policy types within an optimised mix, thereby encompassing a broader range of policy considerations.
A Q-learning-based algorithm for the block relocation problem
Authors: Liu Liqun , Feng Yuanjun , Zeng Qingcheng , Chen Zhijun , Li Yaqiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Block Relocation Problem (BRP), also known as the Container Relocation Problem, is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem in block stacking systems and has many applications in real-world scenarios such as logistics and manufacturing industry. The BRP is about finding the optimal way to retrieve blocks from a storage area with the objective of minimizing the number of relocations. The BRPs have been studied for a long time, and have been solved primarily using conventional optimization techniques, including mathematical programming models, as well as both exact and heuristic algorithms. For the first time, this paper tackles the problem using a reinforcement learning method. We focus on one of the major variants of the BRP—the restricted BRP with duplicate priorities (RBRP-dup). We first model the RBRP-dup as a Markov decision process and then propose a Q-learning-based algorithm to solve the problem. The Q-learning-based algorithm contains two phases. In the learning phase, two innovative mechanisms: an optimal rule-integrated behaviour policy and a heuristic-based dynamic initialization method, are incorporated into the Q-learning model to reduce the size of the state-action space and accelerate convergence. In the optimization phase, the insights obtained in the learning phase are combined with a heuristic algorithm to improve decision-making. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated against the state-of-the-art exact algorithm and a commonly used heuristic algorithm based on benchmark instances from the literature. The computational experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method regarding solution quality in large and complex instances.