bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and effectiveness of a Fracture Liaison Services program in Colombia
Authors: Valladales-Restrepo Luis Fernando , Castro-Osorio Edgar Eduardo , Ramírez-Osorio Jessica , Echeverry-Martinez Luisa Fernanda , Sánchez-Ríos Verónica , Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés , Machado-Duque Manuel Enrique , Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Fracture Liaison Services programs reduce mortality and the risk of refracture and increase treatment and adherence rates. Greater coverage is an important priority for the future. The aim was to determine the characteristics of patients over 50 years old who suffered fractures and the effectiveness of a Fracture Liaison Services program in a health care institution in Colombia.

Methods
This was a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients with vertebral and nonvertebral fractures managed in a Fracture Liaison Services program. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables were identified. Key performance indicators were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed.

Results
A total of 438 patients were analyzed. The average age was 77.5 years, and 78.5% were women. Hip and vertebral fractures were the most common (25.3% and 24.9%, respectively). Vertebral fractures prevailed in men (33.0% vs 22.7%; p = 0.041) and those of the radius/ulna in women (20.3% vs 10.6%; p = 0.031). A total of 29.7% had experienced a previous fracture, and 16.7% had received antiosteoporosis drugs. A total of 63.5% of the cases were managed surgically. At discharge, 58.8% received prescriptions for calcium/vitamin D, and 50.7% with prescriptions of antiosteoporotic therapy, especially teriparatide (21.2%) and denosumab (16.4%), without significant differences by sex. However, in women with hip fractures, anti-osteoporotic management prevailed (83.7% vs 64.0; p = 0.032). The effectiveness of the overall program per year was 74.6%. On follow-up, only 9.1% of patients had experienced a new fall, and of those 3.7% presented a new fracture. A total of 4.3% died during follow-up.

Conclusions
Good adherence to the recommendations of the country's clinical practice guidelines was found, and overall, the effectiveness of the program was very satisfactory, with a low incidence of new fractures during follow-up.

Summary

Fracture Liaison Services programs reduce mortality and the risk of refracture. A retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients with vertebral and nonvertebral fractures managed in a Fracture Liaison Services, showed that the effectiveness was 73.6%. On follow-up, 9.1% of patients had experienced a new fall, and of those 3.7% presented a new fracture.
Stem Cell-Based Hair Cell Regeneration and Therapy in the Inner Ear
Authors: Qi Jieyu , Huang Wenjuan , Lu Yicheng , Yang Xuehan , Zhou Yinyi , Chen Tian , Wang Xiaohan , Yu Yafeng , Sun Jia-Qiang , Chai Renjie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHearing loss has become increasingly prevalent and causes considerable disability, thus gravely burdening the global economy. Irreversible loss of hair cells is a main cause of sensorineural hearing loss, and currently, the only relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to digital hearing equipment like cochlear implants and hearing aids, but these are of limited benefit in patients. It is therefore urgent to understand the mechanisms of damage repair in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. At present, how to promote the regeneration of functional hair cells is a key scientific question in the field of hearing research. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors trigger the activation of hair cell progenitors and ensure the maturation of newborn hair cells, and in this article, we first review the principal mechanisms underlying hair cell reproduction. We then further discuss therapeutic strategies involving the co-regulation of multiple signaling pathways in order to induce effective functional hair cell regeneration after degeneration, and we summarize current achievements in hair cell regeneration. Lastly, we discuss potential future approaches, such as small molecule drugs and gene therapy, which might be applied for regenerating functional hair cells in the clinic.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Immunotherapy Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Voigt Marilia B. , Kravchenko Dmitrij , Isaak Alexander , Heine Annkristin , Holderried Tobias A. W. , Luetkens Julian A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review the current and future role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of immunotherapy cardiotoxicity.

Recent Findings
In patients who suffer from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis, pathologic CMR findings, including myocardial edema, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), late gadolinium enhancement (i.e., fibrosis and/or necrosis), and myocardial strain, are mostly subtle, but fulminant courses have been described. Individual cases of cardiotoxicity in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have also already been documented, but there are currently no studies addressing the role of CMR in CAR T cell therapy. There are also classes of immunotherapies for which no cases of cardiotoxicity are known yet, such as cytokines or adjuvants.

Summary
Together with patient symptoms, laboratory markers, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography, CMR is of high value in the diagnostic workup of immunotherapy-associated myocarditis in hemodynamically stable patients, according to recent guidelines. Additionally, quantitative strain analysis and T1 relaxation times with CMR can aid in assessing disease severity, prognosis, and patient outcomes with ICI-associated myocarditis. Future CMR studies on cardiotoxicity in CAR T cell therapy are needed.
High‐Resolution Simulations of the Plume Dynamics in an Idealized 79°N Glacier Cavity Using Adaptive Vertical Coordinates
Authors: Reinert Markus , Lorenz Marvin , Klingbeil Knut , Büchmann Bjarne , Burchard Hans 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor better projections of sea level rise, two things are needed: an improved understanding of the contributing processes and their accurate representation in climate models. A major process is basal melting of ice shelves and glacier tongues by the ocean, which reduces ice sheet stability and increases ice discharge into the ocean. We study marine melting of Greenland's largest floating ice tongue, the 79° North Glacier, using a high‐resolution, 2D‐vertical ocean model. While our fjord model is idealized, the results agree with observations of melt rate and overturning strength. Our setup is the first application of adaptive vertical coordinates to an ice cavity. Their stratification‐zooming allows a vertical resolution finer than 1 m in the entrainment layer of the meltwater plume, which is important for the plume development. We find that the plume development is dominated by entrainment only initially. In the stratified upper part of the cavity, the subglacial plume shows continuous detrainment. It reaches neutral buoyancy near 100 m depth, detaches from the ice, and transports meltwater out of the fjord. Melting almost stops there. In a sensitivity study, we show that the detachment depth depends primarily on stratification. Our results contribute to the understanding of ice–ocean interactions in glacier cavities. Furthermore, we suggest that our modeling approach with stratification‐zooming coordinates will improve the representation of these interactions in global ocean models. Finally, our idealized model topography and forcing are close to a real fjord and completely defined analytically, making the setup an interesting reference case for future model developments.
Knowledge, attitudes and decision regret: a longitudinal survey study of participants offered genome sequencing in the 100,000 Genomes Project
Authors: Peter Michelle , Hammond Jennifer , Sanderson Saskia C. , Gurasashvili Jana , Hunter Amy , Searle Beverly , Patch Christine , Chitty Lyn S. , Hill Melissa , Lewis Celine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe used cross-sectional surveys to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and decision regret of participants who had consented for genome sequencing (GS) for rare disease diagnosis in the 100,000 Genomes Project (100kGP) across two timepoints (at the time of consenting for GS (T1) and 12–18 months later (T2)). At T1, participants (n = 504) completed a survey that included measures of general knowledge of GS (“Knowledge of Genome Sequencing” (KOGS)), specific knowledge of GS and attitudes towards GS (“General attitudes” and “Specific attitudes”). At T2, participants (n = 296) completed these same assessments (apart from the specific knowledge scale) together with an assessment of decision regret towards GS (“Decisional Regret Scale”). At 12–18 months after consenting for GS, participants’ basic knowledge of GS had remained stable. General knowledge of GS varied across topics; concepts underlying more general information about genetics were better understood than the technical details of genomic testing. Attitudes towards GS at T2 were generally positive, and feelings towards GS (both positive and negative) remained unchanged. However, those who were more positive about the test at the outset had greater specific knowledge (as opposed to general knowledge) of GS. Finally, although the majority of participants indicated feeling little regret towards undergoing GS, those with low positive attitude and high negative attitude about GS at T1 reported greater decision regret at T2. Careful assessment of patient knowledge about and attitudes towards GS at the time of offering testing is crucial for supporting informed decision making and mitigating later regret.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of uveitic glaucoma: multicentric study in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Rojas-Carabali William , Mejía-Salgado Germán , Cifuentes-González Carlos , Chacón-Zambrano Daniela , Cruz-Reyes Danna Lesley , Delgado Maria Fernanda , Gómez- Goyeneche Héctor Fernando , Saad-Brahim Katrina , de-la-Torre Alejandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To describe the clinical features of patients diagnosed with uveitic glaucoma (UG) and ocular hypertension secondary to uveitis (OHT-SU).

Methods
A multicentric cross-sectional study using medical records of patients with uveitis between 2013 and 2021. Uveitis and glaucoma specialists examined all patients. Variables were analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Additionally, t test, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis were used for continuous variables. Finally, a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for UG and OHT-SU development over time was done.

Results
Of the 660 clinical records reviewed of patients with uveitis, 191 (28.9%) had OHT-SU in at least one visit, and 108 (16.4%) of them developed UG. In all ages, females were more affected than males. Anterior uveitis was the main anatomic localisation, and non-granulomatous, recurrent, and inactive uveitis were the most frequent clinical features. The mean final visual acuity was 0.3 (0.0–1.0) LogMAR. Also, 95.8% of the patients had additional sequelae related to uveitis regardless of UG and OHT-SU. Interestingly, males had earlier affection, with statistical significance in OHT for adults (P = 0.036) and UG for children (P = 0.04). Of all patients, 81.1% received topical hypotensive treatment and 29.8% required a surgical procedure.

Conclusions
UG and OHT-SU are common complications of uveitis in the Colombian population. These sight-threatening conditions were more common and appeared sooner in men at any age. Our results suggest that earlier and more aggressive treatment with topical hypotensive agents could positively influence the visual outcomes and the requirement of surgical procedures.
Pleconaril and ribavirin in new-onset type 1 diabetes: a phase 2 randomized trial
Authors: Krogvold Lars , Mynarek Ida Maria , Ponzi Erica , Mørk Freja Barrett , Hessel Trine Witzner , Roald Trine , Lindblom Nina , Westman Jacob , Barker Peter , Hyöty Heikki , Ludvigsson Johnny , Hanssen Kristian F. , Johannesen Jesper , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious studies showed a low-grade enterovirus infection in the pancreatic islets of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) Intervention, a phase 2, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group, double-blind trial, 96 children and adolescents (aged 6–15 years) with new-onset T1D received antiviral treatment with pleconaril and ribavirin (n = 47) or placebo (n = 49) for 6 months, with the aim of preserving β cell function. The primary endpoint was the mean stimulated C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) 12 months after the initiation of treatment (less than 3 weeks after diagnosis) using a mixed linear model. The model used longitudinal log-transformed serum C-peptide AUCs at baseline, at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The primary endpoint was met with the serum C-peptide AUC being higher in the pleconaril and ribavirin treatment group compared to the placebo group at 12 months (average marginal effect = 0.057 in the linear mixed model; 95% confidence interval = 0.004–0.11,P = 0.037). The treatment was well tolerated. The results show that antiviral treatment may preserve residual insulin production in children and adolescent with new-onset T1D. This provides a rationale for further evaluating antiviral strategies in the prevention and treatment of T1D. European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials identifier:2015-003350-41.
Development and validation of analytical methods for selective determination of albuterol and budesonide in Airsupra inhalation aerosol using spectrophotometry
Authors: Almalki Atiah H. , Ramzy Sherif , Almrasy Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAirsupra inhalation aerosol is a recently approved FDA medication that combines albuterol and budesonide for treating or preventing bronchoconstriction and lowering the risk of relapses in asthma patients who are 18 years of age and older. To selectively determine albuterol and budesonide in both pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms, two analytical methods were developed: the zero-order absorption method and the dual-wavelength method. Even though the two drugs absorption spectra overlapped, the distinctive peak of budesonide at the zero absorbance point of albuterol, 245 nm, allowed for direct detection of budesonide in the combination using the zero-order absorption method. The mathematical dual-wavelength method, on the other hand, allowed for the measurement of both albuterol and budesonide by choosing two wavelengths for each drug in such a way that the absorbance difference for the second drug was zero. Budesonide exhibited comparable absorbance values at wavelengths 227 and 261.40 nm; hence, these two wavelengths were utilized to identify albuterol; similarly, 221.40 and 231.20 nm were chosen to determine budesonide in their binary mixes. The methods were validated according to the ICH guideline for validation of analytical procedures Q2(R1) and demonstrated excellent linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity for determining both drugs in synthetic mixed solutions and pharmaceutical formulations. The availability of these analytical methods would be valuable for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory authorities for quality control and assessment of pharmaceutical formulations containing albuterol and budesonide.
Treatment of infected predators under the influence of fear-induced refuge
Authors: Mondal Bapin , Sarkar Abhijit , Sk Nazmul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this research, we delve into the dynamics of an infected predator–prey system in the presence of fear and refuge, presenting a novel inclusion of treatment for infected individuals in this type of model. Through our analytical efforts, we establish a significant reproduction number that holds a pivotal role in determining disease extinction or persistence within the system. A noteworthy threshold value for this reproduction number delineates a boundary below which the infected population cannot endure in the system. It’s important to note that a range of reproduction numbers leads to both disease-free and endemic scenarios, yet the stability of these situations is contingent upon the initial population sizes. Furthermore, our investigation extends to the exploration of various types of bifurcation-namely, Backward, Saddle-node, and Hopf bifurcations. These findings unravel the intricate and diverse dynamics of the system. Of particular significance is the derivation of an optimal control policy for treatment, augmenting the practical utility of our work. The robustness of our analytical findings is fortified through meticulous verification via numerical simulations. These simulations not only bolster the credibility of our analytical results but also enhance their accessibility. Our study unveils that fear, refuge, and treatment possess individual capabilities to eradicate the disease from the system. Notably, increasing levels of fear and refuge exert a passive influence on the elimination of the infected population, whereas treatment wields an active influence-a crucial insight that bolsters the foundation of our model. Furthermore, our investigation uncovers a spectrum of system dynamics including bistability, one-period, two-period, and multi-period/chaotic behavior. These discoveries contribute to a profound enrichment of the system’s dynamic landscape.
Multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity in Brazilians with severe obesity
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula dos Santos , Batista Sandro Rogério Rodrigues , Santos Annelisa Silva e Alves , Canheta Andrea Batista de Sousa , Nunes Bruno Pereira , de Oliveira Rezende Andréa Toledo , de Oliveira Cesar , Silveira Erika Aparecida 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence of multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity and their association with sociodemographic and health variables in individuals with severe obesity. This is a baseline data analysis of 150 individuals with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 35.0 kg/m2) aged 18–65 years. The outcomes were multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and self-perceived health data were collected. Poisson multiple regression was conducted to identify multimorbidity risk factors. The frequency of two or more morbidities was 90.7%, three or more morbidities was 76.7%, and complex multimorbidity was 72.0%. Living with four or more household residents was associated with ≥ 3 morbidities and complex multimorbidity. Fair and very poor self-perceived health was associated with ≥ 2 morbidities, ≥ 3 morbidities and complex multimorbidity. A higher BMI range (45.0–65.0 kg/m2) was associated with ≥ 2 morbidities and ≥ 3 morbidities. Anxiety (82.7%), varicose veins of lower limbs (58.7%), hypertension (56.0%) were the most frequent morbidities, as well as the pairs and triads including them. The prevalence of multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity in individuals with severe obesity was higher and the risk for multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity increased in individuals living in households of four or more residents, with fair or poor/very poor self-perceived health and with a higher BMI.
Physical and chemical characterizations of a reference e-cigarette used in animal testing
Authors: Soulet Sébastien , Constans Léa , Quinty Vanille 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA minimal necessary condition for preclinical studies to contribute to risk assessments of e-cigarettes (ECs) is the ability to expose laboratory animals to an appropriate dosage of aerosols. In this study, we examined the fulfilment of this essential consistency condition for the ECX-Joyetech E-Vic Mini (ECX), a piece of computerized exposure equipment manufactured by SCIREQ, which has been employed by numerous in vivo testing. We began by calibrating the customary Evic VTC mini device mod and the 4 coils available, reproducing in the laboratory the operation of the ECX in the power-control and temperature-control modes, using puffing parameters recommended by its documentation. We then conducted the following tests for each coil: (1) verifying whether the generated aerosols satisfy an optimal operational regime, free from overheating, as determined by a linear relation between the mass of vaporized e-liquid vs. supplied power and (2) obtaining the mean yields of aldehydes for each of the tested power settings and coils. The results of these tests show that, under the main conditions used in in vivo testing, the ECX equipment fails to comply with these consistency requirements, especially for coils with low subohm resistance, a shortcoming that can be corrected by applying much larger airflows for these coils. Therefore, the outcomes of preclinical studies using the ECX equipment should be examined with great scepticism and subjected to further testing.
Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm resists Acanthamoeba sp. grazing and produces 8-O-4′-diferulic acid, a superoxide scavenging metabolite after passage through the amoeba
Authors: Bunma Chainarong , Noinarin Parumon , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Chareonsudjai Sorujsiri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBurkholderia pseudomallei, an etiological agent of melioidosis is an environmental bacterium that can survive as an intracellular pathogen. The biofilm produced by B. pseudomallei is crucial for cellular pathogenesis of melioidosis. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the role of biofilm in survival of B. pseudomallei during encounters with Acanthamoeba sp. using B. pseudomallei H777 (a biofilm wild type), M10 (a biofilm defect mutant) and C17 (a biofilm-complemented strain). The results demonstrated similar adhesion to amoebae by both the biofilm wild type and biofilm mutant strains. There was higher initial internalisation, but the difference diminished after longer encounter with the amoeba. Interestingly, confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that pre-formed biofilm of B. pseudomallei H777 and C17 were markedly more persistent in the face of Acanthamoeba sp. grazing than that of M10. Metabolomic analysis revealed a significant increased level of 8-O-4′-diferulic acid, a superoxide scavenger metabolite, in B. pseudomallei H777 serially passaged in Acanthamoeba sp. The interaction between B. pseudomallei with a free-living amoeba may indicate the evolutionary pathway that enables the bacterium to withstand superoxide radicals in intracellular environments. This study supports the hypothesis that B. pseudomallei biofilm persists under grazing by amoebae and suggests a strategy of metabolite production that turns this bacterium from saprophyte to intracellular pathogen.