bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION INCREASES DURING HUMAN PARTURITION
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Mäkäräinen L. , Viinikka L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in human parturition was studied by measuring the concentrations of its main metabolite, 6‐keto‐prostaglandin Flα, before, during and after term labour in the plasma of 9 women and after delivery in umbilical artery and vein plasma. The mean level of 6‐keto‐PGF1α rose significantly over the course of labour. The mean level was 266 pg/ml before labour, 341 pg/ml in the presence of regular contraction, 387 pg/ml at a cervical dilatation of 5 cm, 386 pg/ml at delivery, and 397 pg/ml at the expulsion of the placenta. The 6‐keto‐PGF1α concentration dropped to below pre‐labour levels of 233 pg/ml within 2 hours of delivery, and this level was maintained for the first four postpartum days. The mean levels of 6‐keto‐PGF1α in the umbilical artery and vein plasma, 1667 and 1193 pg/ml respectively, were significantly higher than the maternal plasma levels, but there was no significant difference between the artery and vein levels. PGI2 is characterized by its antiaggregatory and vasodilating abilities, so that the rise in PGI2 during labour may play a role in the prevention of intrapartum thromboembolic complications in the maternal and the uteroplacental circulation.
INCREASED POSTOVULATORY PLASMA FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE LEVELS IN THE LUTEINIZED UNRUPTURED FOLLICLE SYNDROME: A ROLE FOR INHIBIN?
Authors: Koninckx P. R. , Brosens I. A. , Verhoeven G. , De Moor P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn women who ovulated, the midcycle plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations returned to basal concentrations within two days following the peak, whereas in women with a luteinized unruptured follicle, plasma FSH concentrations declined more slowly over a 4–5 day period. Since the peri‐ and postovulatory concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone, prolactin, oestradiol‐17β and progesterone were not significantly different between the two groups, we suggest that following the rupture of the Graafian follicle some substance in follicular fluid is resorbed from the peritoneal cavity which suppresses FSH secretion. Inhibin has biological properties which suggest it could be the substance involved.
CEFUROXIME AND METRONIDAZOLE IN GYNAECOLOGICAL SURGERY
Authors: Leabeater B. , Kingston Janet 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe predominant potential pathogens in the vaginal flora, sampled before operation in 41 patients undergoing gynaecological surgery, included E. coli, α‐haemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus faecalis, anaerobic Gram‐positive cocci and Bacteroides fragilis. All the aerobic Gram‐negative bacilli and 89.7 per cent of the streptococci isolated were sensitive to 4 μg/ml of cefuroxime. Most of the anaerobes were also very sensitive to cefuroxime, although the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 52 per cent of B. fragilis isolates was at least 8 μg/ml. The MIC of metronidazole was less than 1 μg/ml for almost all anaerobes. All patients were given 1 g of metronidazole by suppository on the night before operation and a second suppository was given, together with 750 mg of cefuroxime injected intramuscularly with the premedication. The mean extravascular tissue concentrations of cefuroxime and metronidazole, assayed in 29 patients, were respectively 8.9 and 8.0 μg/g (uterus), 14.2 and 22.2 μg/g (cervix), 13.1 and 6.3 μg/g (Fallopian tube), 12.3 and 2.1 μg/g (ovary), 10.3 and 12.4 μg/g (vagina), 13.3 and 13.7 μg/ml (serum), 3570.3 and 122.3 μg/ml (urine). None of the patients developed postoperative wound infections or adverse reactions.
PSEUDO‐SARCOMATOUS POLYPS OF THE AGINA IN PREGNANCY CASE REPORT
Authors: Davies Sylvia W. , Makanje H. H. , Woodcock A. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of pseudo‐sarcomatous polyps of the vagina in a pregnant woman caused anxiety because of the possible differential diagnoses of sarcoma botyroides of the vagina or mixed mesenchymal tumours of the genital tract. These polyps are rarely described in the literature and their recognition is important for clinical management.
MASSIVE OVARIAN OEDEMA CASE REPORT
Authors: Alberda A. Th. , Wladimiroff J. W. , Wielenga G. , Verschoor L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case is described of massive ovarian oedema with secondary amenorrhoea and evidence of masculinization in a young girl. Pre‐operative testosterone levels in peripheral plasma were markedly raised, but returned to normal immediately following wedge resection of both ovaries. Microscopic examination revealed lutein cells in the right ovary which were predominantly located within and around atretric follicles and Stein‐Leventhal‐like features in the left ovary. Irregular ovulatory cycles started four weeks after surgery.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PLASMA ANGIOTENSIN‐CONVERTING ENZYME IN NORMOTENSIVE PRIMIGRAVIDAE AND THEIR INFANTS
Authors: Oats J. N. , Pipkin Fiona Broughton , Symonds E. M. , Craven D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) has been measured prospectively throughout pregnancy, at delivery and in the puerperium in 18 normotensive primi‐gravidae and their infants. Plasma ACE was consistently lower during pregnancy than in comparable, non‐pregnant controls, but rose progressively from about 30 weeks to term. At vaginal delivery maternal and fetal ACE levels did not differ significantly. There was a steady increase in maternal ACE activity up to 6 weeks post partum, when the levels were not significantly different from non‐pregnant controls. No correlation could be found between plasma ACE and plasma renin activity or concentration, or plasma AIL Plasma aldosterone increased in parallel with ACE during the last ten weeks of pregnancy.
SERTOLI CELL TUMOUR IN A TRUE HERMAPHRODITE: SUGGESTIVE EVIDENCE FOR ECTOPIC GONADOTROPHIN PRODUCTION BY THE TUMOUR
Authors: Gunasegaram R. , Mathew T. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA Sertoli cell tumour that occurred in a true hermaphrodite with a 46, XX chromosome constitution is described. Removal of the tumour was followed by an immediate fall in plasma FSH and LH concentrations. It is suggested that the tumour possessed the capacity for ectopic production of the gonadotrophins.
TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN FIRSTBORN INFANTS AND DELIVERY WITH OBSTETRIC FORCEPS
Authors: O'Driscoll K. , Meagher D. , Macdonald D. , Geoghegan F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryExclusive of breech presentation, traumatic intracranial haemorrhage was demonstrated at necropsy on 27 occasions in 36 420 consecutive firstborn infants. All 27 were forceps deliveries. The main conclusion is that serious injury to the forecoming head at birth is almost invariably a direct effect of forceps. The relevance of this conclusion to some aspects of contemporary obstetric practice is discussed briefly.
THE PRESUMPTIVE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN EARLY PREGNANCY BY MEANS OF A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR SPECIFIC‐IgM ANTIBODIES
Authors: Griffiths P. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring a 30 month investigation 3633 women were studied when they booked for antenatal care. Complement fixing antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected in 2078 (57 per cent) of the women and these sera were further tested for the presence of specific IgM antibodies by means of a solid‐phase radioimmunoassay. Since specific IgM antibodies have previously been shown to persist for up to four months after primary CMV infection, their presence in a booking serum sample (mean gestation 15 weeks) was taken as presumptive evidence of a first trimester primary CMV infection. From theoretical considerations, 11·6 positive CMV‐IgM reactions were predicted in these women and 11 were observed. A highly significant (p < 0·001) excess of fetal death was seen in the infected women since three pregnancies ended in missed abortion (15 weeks), intrauterine death (29 weeks) and spontaneous abortion (24 weeks) whilst the remaining 8 women gave birth to apparently normal babies. Cord sera were available from 5 of the surviving babies and only one contained specific IgM antibodies, showing that transplacental spread of the maternal infections had not occurred in 4 of the 5 survivors.
PREVALENCE OF BACTERIA IN THE VAGINA OF NORMAL YOUNG WOMEN
Authors: Watt B. , Gold Acre M. J. , Loudon N. , Annat D. J. , Harris R. I. , Vessey M. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe report on factors related to the prevalence of bacteria in the vagina of 1498 women who were attending a family planning clinic. Anaerobes were significantly commoner in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on clinical examination, in women with a history of a troublesome vaginal discharge and in women who used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) than in others. The association between anaerobes and abnormalities of vaginal discharge was found both in women who used the IUCD and in women who did not. We found no significant associations between symptoms and other bacterial species or combinations of species. Coliforms were significantly commoner in women who did not use tampons, in women who used the diaphragm and in women who had received recent antibacterial or antifungal treatment than in others. Lactobacilli were significantly commoner in women who used the contraceptive pill, and were significantly less common in women who harboured Candida albicans, anaerobes, coliforms or enterococci and in women who had been treated with antibacterial drugs, than in others. We found no important associations between the presence of bacteria and the patients' age, parity or social class.
PREVALENCE OF YEASTS AND FUNGI OTHER THAN Candida albicans IN THE VAGINA OF NORMAL YOUNG WOMEN
Authors: Goldacre M. J. , Milne L. J. R. , Watt B. , Loudon N. , Vessey M. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryYeasts and fungi other than Candida albicans were isolated from the vagina of 86 out of 1498 women (5·7 per cent) who attended a family planning clinic and they comprised 27·7 per cent of all fungal species obtained. These fungi were significantly more common in women aged 35 years and over and in those who used the diaphragm than in others. They were no more common in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on examination than in others; and they were no more common in women with genitourinary symptoms than in women without.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL INCOMPETENCE IN PREGNANCY—A NEW DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
Authors: Brook I. , Feingold M. , Schwartz A. , Zakut H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUltrasonography was used to measure the width of the internal os in 24 patients, for whom a McDonald Operation was planned because they were considered to have cervical incompetence and in 19 women with normal obstetric histories. The mean widths of the internal os were 2·57 cm ±0·36 and 1·67 cm ± 0·23, respectively (p <0·001). This new and objective procedure, which is used during pregnancy, provides an additional method for the diagnosis of cervical incompetence.
FETAL DEATH FOLLOWING EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN GEL REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Quinn M. A. , Murphy A. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntrauterine fetal death occurred in two pregnancies following the extra‐amniotic insertion of prostaglandin gel to ripen the cervix. An antenatal cardiotocogram before gel insertion was normal in each case. Continuous external cardiotocography should be used in patients with a high risk pregnancy who undergo ripening of the cervix before induction of labour.
THE CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA: THE USE OF CRYOSURGERY AND THE CARBON DIOXIDE LASER
Authors: Wright V. C. , Davies Eleanor M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis study comprises 336 consecutive patients of whom 283 were candidates for conservative therapy involving either cryosurgery or the carbon dioxide laser for the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A total of 152 patients were treated first in the series with cryosurgery followed by 131 patients in the laser group. Distribution of disease classification within CIN groups was similar. The overall persistent disease after one treatment was higher in the cryo group (14·5 per cent) as compared to the laser group (3·1 per cent). Of particular significance is the high percentage of failures in the cryo treated group (25·0 per cent) with CIN III disease as compared to the CIN III laser treated group (7·7 per cent). The high persistent disease rate observed in the CIN III lesions treated by cryosurgery suggests that this modality be employed with caution in this disease classification.
COMPARISON OF EPIDURAL AND INTRAMUSCULAR PETHIDINE FOR ANALGESIA IN LABOUR
Authors: Husemeyer R. P. , Davenport H. T. , Cummings A. J. , Rosankiewicz J. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAnalgesia mediated by a direct spinal action of narcotic drugs administered via the epidural route may have considerable advantages over conventional (conduction block) epidural analgesia in labour. The efficacy, mode of action and placental transfer of epidurally administered narcotics in labour has not yet been established. We have compared the systemic absorption, analgesia and other effects on the mothers and transfer of drug to the fetus in primigravidae who received epidural or intramuscular pethidine 100 mg in labour. The superior analgesia following epidural pethidine did not appear to be attributable to a selective spinal action but rather to higher plasma concentrations of pethidine together with a possible weak regional conduction block due to local anaesthetic action of 1 % pethidine solution. Epidural pethidine is not an advantageous method for providing analgesia in labour.
EFFECTS OF INTRAMUSCULAR PETHIDINE ON FETAL HEART RATE VARIABILITY DURING LABOUR
Authors: Kariniemi Veikko , ÄMmälä Pirkko 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of intramuscularly administered pethidine on indices of fetal heart rate (FHR) variability were studied during labour in 20 women. The differential index, describing the short term variability, and the interval index, describing the long term variability, were measured from direct fetal electrocardiograms by a microprocessor‐based ‘on‐line’ system. The indices were measured from 10‐minute samples, once before the pethidine injection and nine times after the injection. The interval index decreased significantly (p <0·01) with the maximum effect 40 minutes after the injection. The differential index also showed a decreasing trend, with a maximum at 40 minutes, but the change was not significant. Both indices returned to the pre‐injection level after 60 minutes. The effect of pethidine on FHR variability during labour might cause difficulties in assessing the fetal state.
IS OXYTOCIN INVOLVED IN PARTURITION?
Authors: Sellers Susan M. , Hodgson Helena T. , Mountford Lesley A. , Mitchell M. D. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPeripheral plasma levels of oxytocin were determined in women during pregnancy and labour. There was a significant increase in maternal plasma oxytocin with advancing gestation but no significant change in levels at any stage of labour. Oxytocin concentrations in umbilical cord plasma were measured after spontaneous vaginal delivery and at elective caesarean section. A significant arteriovenous difference, with higher arterial levels, was found in both groups and the values after labour were significantly higher than at elective caesarean section. These findings suggest that the fetus is able to produce oxytocin which may play a role in human parturition.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SUSPICIOUS ANTEPARTUM CARDIOTOCOGRAMS: A STUDY OF NORMAL AND HIGH‐RISK PREGNANCIES
Authors: Keirse M. J. N. C. , Trimbos J. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAnalysis of 594 antepartum cardiotocograms (CTGs) from 91 strictly normal pregnancies and of 2770 CTGs from 405 high‐risk pregnancies showed a sus‐picious pattern in 7·2 and 17·4 percent respectively. Careful analysis of these CTGs shows that they cannot be considered as either normal or abnormal, whereas their value for predicting the outcome of pregnancy is too limited to be of a direct clinical significance. Although their characteristics vary little between normal and high‐risk pregnancy, their recurrence rate is much higher in high‐risk pregnancy. During high‐risk pregnancy this pattern was obtained on at least two consecutive recordings in 13·3 per cent and on at least three consecutive recordings in 6·2 per cent of patients, as compared to respectively 3·3 and 1·1 per cent during normal pregnancy. Although a single or even repeat occurrence of a suspicious CTG does not justify intervention during pregnancy, our study shows that an adequate follow‐up of repeat CTGs will usually be able to distinguish pregnancies that are in need of intervention from those that are not.
HYDROPS FETALIS DUE TO CONGENITAL CARDIAC RHABDOMYOMA
Authors: Soltan M. H. , Keohane Catherine 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case is presented of hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios and intrauterine death diagnosed antenatally by ultrasound in which congenital cardiac rhabdomyoma was found at postmortem. Conditions associated with rhabdomyoma are briefly discussed.
EXTENSIVE THROMBO‐EMBOLIC DISEASE IN PREGNANCY TREATED WITH A KIMRAY GREENFIELD VENA CAVA FILTER
Authors: Scurr J. , Stannard P. , Wright J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of extensive ileofemoral venous thrombosis complicating a twin pregnancy was treated with a Kimray Greenfield inferior vena caval filter to prevent embolism. This is the first report of an inferior vena caval filter being used during pregnancy. Successful management of thrombo‐embolic disease in pregnancy requires accurate diagnosis and aggressive surgical management together with a standardised anticoagulant regimen.
MICTURITION AND THE HEART PERIOD CYCLE IN THE HUMAN FETUS
Authors: Visser G. H. A. , Goodman J. D. S. , Levine D. H. , Da Wes G. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCampbell et al (1973) suggested that from 32 weeks gestation there was a cyclic filling and emptying of the fetal bladder, with a mean cycle length of 110 minutes. In the present study it was found that emptying of the bladder was associated with cyclic changes in fetal heart rate variation. In 95 per cent of the observations voiding occurred within 30 minutes after a change from a low to a high fetal heart rate variation episode. The possible relation of this association to fetal behavioural states is discussed.
AN ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR OF THE VAGINA IN AN INFANT WITH SEVEN YEAR SURVIVAL CASE REPORT
Authors: Dewhurst John , Ferreira H. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMalignant tumours of the vagina in infants and children are fortunately rare events. The Botyroid sarcoma (mesodermal mixed tumour or rhabdomyosarcoma) has until recently been the least uncommon but the clear cell adenocarcinoma associated with diethyl‐stilboestrol (DES) therapy taken by the mother during pregnancy is now more often seen. One of the rarest vaginal tumours in this age group is the endodermal sinus tumour and it is also one of the most malignant. A case is described in an infant who is still alive and well seven years after treatment.
LATE THIRD TRIMESTER UNCONJUGATED SERUM OESTRIOL LEVELS IN NORMAL AND HYPERTENSIVE PREGNANCY: RELATION TO BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Hardy Michael J. , Humeida Ahmed K. , Bahuri Suhad M. , Basalamah Abdullah H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 100 normal singleton pregnancies and in 44 patients with pregnancy hypertension (pre‐eclampsia) linear regression analyses demonstrated highly significant positive correlations between birth weights and late third trimester maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (O3) levels. Correlation coefficients increased, though not significantly, after standardising birth weights according to maternal size, parity and sex of infant. Pregnancy hypertension was classified according to the duration of clinical signs. In 23 patients with short duration pregnancy hypertension (onset 14 days or less before delivery) neither maternal age nor birth weight differed from normal controls. Mid‐pregnancy weights were greater and unconjugated O3 levels lower and only one infant was growth retarded. Twenty one patients with long duration pregnancy hypertension (onset more than 14 days before delivery) were found on average to be heavier at mid‐pregnancy and older than those in whom the condition was short‐lived. Unconjugated O3 levels in patients with long duration hypertension were significantly below those in the short duration group. One third of infants born following long duration hypertension were growth retarded.
CARCINOMA OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF SURGERY AND CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Guthrie D. , Cohen S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCarcinoma of the Fallopian tube is a relatively rare condition which is invariably fatal if primary surgical removal is not possible. In the patient described below potentially curative surgery was possible as a result of cytotoxic chemotherapy.
MYOMETRIAL HAEMANGIOMA A RARE CAUSE OF SEVERE MENORRHAGIA CASE REPORT
Authors: Milton P. J. D. , Thonet R. G. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with a myometrial haemangioma is described. Arteriographic techniques were used to make the diagnosis. Conservative therapy was ineffective and, after one successful pregnancy, hysterectomy was performed.
NON‐ENDOCRINE CARCINOID TUMOUR OF THE UTERINE CERVIX; ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Hsu C. , Ma L. , Wong L. C. , Chan C. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of primary well‐differentiated carcinoid tumour of the uterine cervix in a Chinese woman of 62 years without endocrine Symptoms is reported and its clinico‐pathological features, ultrastructure and response to radiotherapy discussed. To our knowledge, it is the first of such cases seen in Hong Kong. Clinically, it presented as a polypoid lesion. The initial diagnosis was squamous carcinoma of cervix stage Ib and the patient was treated with radiotherapy. The tumour dis‐appeared after application of first intracavitary irradiation of 4500 mg h. After completion of 9000 mg h, Wertheim hysterectomy followed and no residual tumour was found. Retrospective staining of the pre‐irradiation cervical tumour by Grimelius method was positive for argyrophil granules and electron microscopic study demonstrated neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm and established the diagnosis.
OBSTETRIC OUTCOME AND PROBLEMS OF MID‐TRIMESTER FETAL BLOOD SAMPLING FOR ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Ward R. H. T. , Modell B. , Fairweather D. V. I. , Shirley I. M. , Richards B. A. , Hetherington C. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDetailed follow‐up is presented of 335 pregnancies in which mid‐trimester fetal blood sampling was performed for the diagnosis of a haemoglobinopathy, mostly β‐thalassaemia. There were three twin pregnancies. Thirty‐eight fetuses were lost including four in whom a diagnosis of thalassaemia major was made. Placenta‐centesis was particularly associated with fetal vessel trauma, exsanguination and early intrauterine fetal death, while late complications associated with fetoscopy or failed fetoscopy necessitating subsequent placentacentesis included spontaneous abortion, leakage of amniotic fluid and premature onset of labour.
TROPHOBLAST SAMPLING IN EARLY PREGNANCY. CULTURE OF RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS FROM IMMATURE PLACENTAL VILLI
Authors: Niazi Meena , Coleman Dulcie V. , Loeffler F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTrophoblast was obtained by ordinary suction curettage and by transcervical aspiration with a medicut cannula from women having a therapeutic abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. The decidual tissue which is invariably attached to early placental villi was separated and pure cultures obtained from the trophoblast layers and from the mesenchymal core of placental villi. Cytotrophoblast had a very limited life span in tissue culture, whereas mesenchymal cells grew rapidly and could be used for antenatal diagnosis.