bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study on cardiopulmonary bypass prime reduction and its effect on intraoperative blood product and hemoconcentrator use
Authors: Sobieski Michael A , Slaughter Mark S , Hart David E , Pappas Patroklos S , Tatooles Antone J 
Published: February 2005

Purpose: Evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of crystalloid prime reduction during the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using a modified bridge on the cardioplegia delivery system. Methods: Prospective trial of crystalloid prime reduction using a standard Duraflow®-coated CPB circuit and Vanguard® 2:1 cardio plegia delivery system. Standard prime volume was 1500 cc of Plasmalyte. Prime was reduced via the bridge in the cardioplegia system during initiation of CPB. Packed red blood cells (PRBC) were transfused for hematocrit (Hct) less than 24% while rewarming. A hemoconcentrator was used if the patient’s circulating blood volume exceeded 150% of calculated. All data were prospectively collected. Results: Two hundred and twenty-two consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery utilizing CPB were evaluated. There were 107 patients with normal prime volume (NPV) and 115 patients with reduced prime volume (RPV). There was no significant difference in sex, mean age, weight, body surface area (BSA), pre-op Hct, procedure time or procedure between the two groups. There was no difference in total crystalloids infused by the anesthetists (average NPV 1205 cc versus RPV 1148 cc). The average RPV was 622 cc (range 400 - 1100 cc) or a 59% reduction. Post-op Hct revealed no difference (NPV 28% versus RPV 29%). There was a 24% reduction in patients requiring PRBC (NPV n=23 versus RPV n=18). The use of hemoconcentrators was reduced by 49% (NPV n=18 versus RPV n=11). The average urine output for both groups exceeded 100 cc/hour while on CPB. Conclusion: Using a modified cardioplegia delivery system is a safe and effective method of CPB prime reduction. A RPV resulted in fewer patients requiring PRBC transfusions and fewer hemoconcentrators used. Based on our experience, we would recommend attempting to reduce prime volume in all patients undergoing CPB.
Study on Disulfur-backboned Nucleic Acid: Part 2. Efficient Synthesis of 3′,5′-Dithiothymidine
Authors: Wang Hua , Cheng Changmei , Zheng Hongchao , Liu Xiaohong , Fang Chang , Xu Shanshan , Zhao Yufen 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A novel and convenient procedure for synthesizing 3′,5′-dithiothymidine was described. In this procedure, DBU was used to form the intramolecular ring of 2,3′-anhydrothymidine and then the thioacetic acid was used as solvent as well as the nucleophilic reagent to produce S-acetyl-3′-thiothymidine. A very efficient deprotection step was applied to afford the target compound, which can avoid the oxidization of the thiol groups. And the key intermediate, 5′-O-tosyl-2,3′-anhydrothymidine, was found to have regioselectivity for different nucleophiles.
Formation and Optical Properties of Thin and Wide Tin-doped ZnO Nanobelts
Authors: Fang Xiao-Sheng , Ye Chang-Hui , Zhang Li-De , Li Yan , Xiao Zhi-Dong 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Thin and wide ZnO nanobelts doped with 5 atom % tin have been achieved under different flowing atmosphere. Photoluminescence measurements show a blue shift in the near band edge (NBE) emission spectrum compared to a bulk single crystal of ZnO and the intensity ratio of the NBE to the green emission of these Sn-doped ZnO nanobelts can be controlled by altering the flowing atmosphere.
Mercury(II) ion Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Sulfur Schiff’s Base 1-(2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide as Ionophore
Authors: Xu Lan , Yuan Ruo , Chai Ya-Qin 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A PVC membrane sensor for Hg(II) ion based on a sulfur Schiff’s base 1-(2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide (HDPET) as ionophore was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Hg2+ ions over a wide concentration range 1.0 × 10−2 – 2.0 × 10−6 M. It revealed very good selectivity for Hg2+ over a wide variety of other metal ions and could be used in a pH range of 2.0–5.0.
Pharmacists' Participation in an Inhaled Respiratory Medication Program: Reimbursement of Professional Fees
Authors: Murphy Andrea L , MacKinnon Neil J , Flanagan Priti S , Bowles Susan K , Sketris Ingrid S 
Published: February 2005

BACKGROUND: An intervention (termed Initiative) was initiated to facilitate converting beneficiaries of a public drug insurance program in the province of Nova Scotia from respiratory nebulization medications to inhalers. Community pharmacists provided patient education and billed professional fees for conversions or optimizing inhaled respiratory medication technique. OBJECTIVE: To determine community pharmacists' self-reported participation rate and identify facilitators and barriers to billing for professional fees. METHODS: A survey was developed and mailed to Nova Scotia pharmacists. Information on demographics, work environment, professional experience, financial aspects, billing experiences, and the billing process was collected. Quantitative and qualitative data were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and a thematic process, respectively. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-seven pharmacists responded. Self-reported billing rates for fees were 34% (switching delivery devices), 58% (optimizing AeroChamber use), and 37% (follow-up when replacing Aerochambers). Awareness of fees and the perception of consistent claim reimbursement were associated with billing for each fee (p < 0.05). Predisposing billing factors included awareness of fees, identifying situations requiring education, owner/manager position, male gender, perception that billing for education for optimizing technique is a minimum standard of practice, and prescription volume. Themes identified as barriers included inefficient billing process, inadequate fees, and lack of Initiative awareness. CONCLUSIONS: Predisposing factors were the most important facilitators of community pharmacists' participation in this program, while a cumbersome and time-consuming billing process was the primary barrier. Further research should determine the impact of the professional fee on patient health outcomes.
The Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Delayed‐Replanted Monkey Teeth
Authors: Sae‐Lim Varawan , Ong Wei Yi , Li Zhimei , Neo Jennifer 
Published: February 2005

Background: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; FGF‐2) has been reported to facilitate wound healing and periodontal regeneration in experimental alveolar bone defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of topically applied bFGF with or without fibrin glue on delayed‐replanted monkey teeth prone to replacement resorption.Methods: Forty‐five roots from five monkeys were endodontically treated aseptically and then extracted as atraumatically as possible. Ten negative control roots were replanted immediately, while 12 positive control roots were allowed to bench dry for 1 hour prior to replantation, both without further treatment. Roots in the two experimental groups were bench dried for 1 hour, rinsed with saline, and then replanted into sockets filled with bFGF with (11 roots) or without (12 roots) fibrin glue. After 12 weeks, histological sections were prepared and evaluated according to morphometric analysis as complete healing or unfavorable healing composed of inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption.Results: Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U tests showed teeth in the negative control group to have significantly higher complete healing (98.88% ± 2.30%) and significantly lower unfavorable healing (1.12% ± 2.30%) than the positive control group and the experimental groups. bFGF/fibrin glue group showed higher occurrence of complete healing (39.06% ± 41.62%) compared to the bFGF group (25.28% ± 28.85%) and the positive control group (16.58% ± 19.60%), although the differences were not significant. Comparing the complete and unfavorable healing, there was no significant difference in the bFGF/fibrin glue group (P = 0.47), but the differences were significant in the other groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: Topical application of bFGF with fibrin glue showed an insignificantly higher occurrence of complete healing in delayed‐replanted monkey teeth. J Periodontol 2004;75:1570‐1578.
Microbiological Changes With the Use of Locally Delivered Doxycycline in the Periodontal Treatment of Smokers
Authors: Machion Luciana , Andia Denise Carleto , Saito Daniel , Klein Marlize Inês , Gonçalves Reginaldo Bruno , Casati Márcio Zafallon , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson Antonio 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association of locally delivered doxycycline 10% and scaling and root planing in the subgingival plaque of smokers.Methods: Sixteen smokers with chronic periodontitis and a minimum of four pockets ≥5 mm) on anterior teeth that bled on probing were selected. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: scaling and root planing (SRP) or scaling and root planing followed by local application of doxycycline (SRP‐D). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from initially moderate (5 to 6 mm) and deep (≥7 mm) pockets at baseline and 3 months. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect the frequency of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Tannerella forsythensis (Tf).Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the reduction of Aa in either the SRP‐D or SRP group (P >0.05). The reduction in Tf, Pg, and Tf + Pg was statistically significant for SRP‐D only (P = 0.016, 0.027, and 0.027, respectively). The proportion of sites free of Tf at 3 months was 53% for SRP‐D and 9% for SRP (P = 0.02). For Pg, this proportion was 82% and 40%, respectively (P = 0.05).Conclusion: The use of locally delivered doxycycline may promote the elimination of T. forsythensis and P. gingivalis in a greater proportion of sites compared to conventional scaling and root planing in smokers. J Periodontol 2004;75:1600‐1604.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Its Improvement After Initial Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Mercanoglu Fehmi , Oflaz Hüseyin , Öz Ogün , Gökbuget Aslan Yasar , Genchellac Hakan , Sezer Murat , Nişanci Yilmaz , Umman Sabahattin 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent epidemiological data suggested that there is a relationship between periodontal health and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Although hypothetical models were proposed, the exact mechanism of this association has not been clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is an endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic periodontitis and, if present, whether recovery is possible with therapy.Methods: The study groups consisted of 28 patients (mean age: 45.5 ± 8.6 years) with chronic periodontitis and without any atherosclerotic vascular disease, and 26 healthy controls (mean age: 43.7 ± 6.8 years). Cardiovascular risk factors were investigated in both groups. Brachial artery responses to reactive hyperemia (endothelium‐dependent dilatation [EDD]) and sublingual nitroglycerin (endothelium‐independent dilatation [EID]) were measured using high‐resolution vascular ultrasound in both groups. Measurements were taken before and after initial periodontal therapy in the periodontal patients.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to cardiovascular risk factors. In the baseline measurements, EDD and EID were significantly impaired in patients with chronic periodontitis when compared with the controls (8.4% ± 4.0% versus 19.4% ± 8.1%, P <0.0001; 13.3% ± 6.3% versus 29.5% ± 10.0%, P <0.0001 for EDD and EID, respectively). After non‐surgical periodontal therapy, EDD and EID improved significantly (from 8.4% ± 4.0% to 17.7% ± 5.7%, P <0.0001; and from 13.3% ± 6.3% to 24.9% ± 7.3%, P <0.0001 for FMD and EID, respectively). The EDD and EID changes in the controls were insignificant.Conclusion: This study showed that endothelial functions were impaired in patients with chronic periodontitis and that they improve following initial periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 2004;75:1694‐1700.
Particle sizing in dense suspensions with multiwavelength photon migration measurements
Authors: Dali Sarabjyot Singh , Rasmussen John C. , Huang Yingqing , Roy Ranadhir , Sevick‐Muraca Eva M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCharacterization of dense polydisperse suspensions, with mean diameters 143 and 226 nm and volume fractions ranging from 0.03 to 0.27, was conducted using time‐dependent measurements of multiply scattered light. Frequency‐domain photon migration measurements of isotropic scattering coefficients at wavelengths between 488 and 828 nm were found to agree with those predicted from the Mie theory and the polydisperse hard‐sphere Percus–Yevick model. The wavelength‐dependent isotropic scattering data were then used to successfully recover the particle size distribution and volume fraction of the suspensions, by minimizing a nonlinear least‐squares problem. The mean particle size and volume fractions were recovered within an error range of 0–15.53 and 0–24%, respectively, compared with dynamic light scattering results and experimentally measured volume fractions. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Computational issues in hybrid multizonal/computational fluid dynamics models
Authors: Bezzo F. , Macchietto S. , Pantelides C. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHybrid multizonal/computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models provide a means of introducing a more realistic description of fluid mechanics and mixing phenomena within process models. The solution of the CFD submodel implicitly defines a function relating one or more of the variables in the multizonal model (the function outputs) in terms of another subset of the variables (the function inputs). This paper is concerned with the accurate and efficient evaluation of this function using local approximate models (LAMs) that may have a general mathematical structure, or be based on physical correlations. Practical issues relating to the robustness of the solution of hybrid models are also considered, and a general architecture for the software interface between the multizonal and CFD submodels is presented. The effectiveness and efficiency of the overall approach are tested by two applications relating, respectively, to a stirred‐tank chemical reactor fitted with a cooling jacket and to a stirred‐tank bioreactor. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Rheometry of aging of colloidal melamine–urea–formaldehyde polycondensates
Authors: Pizzi A. , George B. , Zanetti M. , Meausoone P.‐J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAged and whitened melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resins in a colloidal state were tested with parallel‐plate rheometry to determine the extent of their viscoelastic behavior. Only in advanced colloidal states, and so only when aggregated colloidal clusters occurred, did the resins present clear indications of viscoelastic responses, as illustrated by the crossover of elastic modulus and viscous modulus curves at lower strain percentages. These colloidal clusters were labile microstructures, which, broken by applied shear, justified the known thixotropic behavior of these resins sufficiently advanced by aging or other means. MUF resins already in the colloidal state, but for which colloidal clustering had not yet occurred, behaved exclusively as viscous liquids. Two different cases of physical gelation were observed, reversible physical gelation and irreversible physical gelation, underlying which a true gel situation possibly occurred. Physical gelation due to colloidal superstructures occurred in both, but the difference in the resin average molecular masses revealed if the physical gelation was reversible or irreversible and, therefore, if the liquid/cluster separation was defined as the terminal phase of physical gelation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 655–659, 2005
Quantifying maintenance requirements from the steady‐state operation of a two‐phase partitioning bioscrubber
Authors: Nielsen David R. , Daugulis Andrew J. , McLellan P. James 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn innovative method for directly and explicitly quantifying the maintenance energy requirements of pure cultures growing on volatile organic compound (VOC) substrates in a two‐phase partitioning bioscrubber is described. Direct evidence of maintenance energy requirements of Achromobacter xylosoxidans Y234 is provided both through observed reductions in the macroscopic biomass‐to‐substrate yield with decreasing specific growth rates, but more remarkably through achievement of steady‐state operation. The data conclusively show that maintenance activities do occur in the two‐phase partitioning bioscrubber and clearly illustrate the importance of this phenomenon to the operation of this process, and similar bioreactor systems. While benzene was selected as the principal, sole substrate of interest in this study, ethylbenzene degradation experiments were also subsequently performed to illustrate and confirm the general applicability of the proposed technique, as well as the potential capabilities of the two‐phase partitioning bioscrubber for the continuous treatment of waste gases containing various VOCs. The proposed method has been shown to generate maintenance energy estimates that are consistent with those obtained while employing more widely recognized estimation strategies, further validating its capabilities. The proposed steady‐state mode also offers key operational advantages in terms of decreased disposal requirements in two‐phase partitioning bioscrubbers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zur Modellierung von Zerkleinerungsprozessen
Authors: Husemann K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDie Bedeutung der Zerkleinerung für die industrielle Stoffwandlung ist groß und die Angebotspalette an Zerkleinerungsmaschinen – angepasst an die Festigkeit/Härte des Mahlgutes, die Ausgangsmaterial‐ und Mahlproduktfeinheit, den notwendigen Durchsatz u. a. – breit. Die Beschreibung der Zerkleinerung ist auch heute trotz der erreichten Fortschritte bei den Grundlagen der Zerkleinerung und den Kenntnissen der Vorgänge in Zerkleinerungsmaschinen nur eingeschränkt möglich. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die Modellierung der Zerkleinerung von der Modellvorstellung bis zum mathematischen Algorithmus notwendig und hilfreich. Im Beitrag werden verschiedene Modellierungsmöglichkeiten dargestellt und dabei zwischen Regressionsmodellen für die Prozesse in Zerkleinerungsmaschinen, Modellvorstellungen aus den Grundlagen der Zerkleinerung und Modellen für die Zerkleinerung aus der allgemeinen Prozessgleichung der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik unterschieden.
Phase II study of hepatic intraarterial epirubicin and cisplatin, with systemic 5‐fluorouracil in patients with unresectable biliary tract tumors
Authors: Cantore Maurizio , Mambrini Andrea , Fiorentini Giammaria , Rabbi Carla , Zamagni Donatella , Caudana Roberto , Pennucci Cristina , Sanguinetti Franco , Lombardi Mirko , Nicoli Nicola 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with unresectable biliary tract carcinomas have a very poor prognosis. To improve the efficacy and tolerance of the ECF regimen (epirubicin at a dose of 50 mg/m2, cisplatin at a dose of 60 mg/m2, and 5‐fluorouracil [5‐FU] at a dose of 200 mg/m2 per day by continuous infusion), the authors designed a novel approach that combined locoregional and systemic chemotherapy with the same agents at the same dosages.METHODSThirty consecutive patients with advanced or metastatic biliary tumors were treated with epirubicin at a dose of 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin at a dose of 60 mg/m2 administered as a bolus in the hepatic artery on Day 1, combined with systemic continuous infusion of 5‐FU at a dose of 200 mg/m2 per day, from Day 1 to Day 14, every 3 weeks.RESULTSTumor sites were the intrahepatic bile ducts in 25 patients and the gallbladder in 5 patients. The overall response rate was 40% (12 of 30 patients), including 1 complete response and 11 partial responses. Stable disease was observed in 12 of 30 patients (40%) and progressive disease in 6 of 30 patients (20%). The median progression‐free and overall survival periods were 7.1 and 13.2 months, respectively, and the 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates were 54% and 20%, respectively. Performance status improved in 9 of 30 patients (30%) and a weight gain of > 7% was observed in 4 of 30 patients (13%). The treatment was well tolerated with minimal hematologic toxicity. The major clinical problem was the deep venous thrombosis related to the central venous catheter, which occurred in 5 patients (17%).CONCLUSIONSThis novel combined locoregional and systemic chemotherapeutic regimen was found to be active and safe for patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Enterprise JavaBeans caching in clustered environments
Authors: Leff Avraham , Rayfield James T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe present the design of an Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) caching architecture, and show that EJB caching can greatly improve application throughput in clustered environments. Throughput is improved because data serving is offloaded from the database server to the cache‐enabled application server. EJB caching is successful because it exploits the low‐latency connections between the database server and application servers that exist in a clustered environment. An important feature of our architecture is that the caching function is transparent to applications that use it. The cache‐enabled application server uses the same (EJB) programming model, and the same transactional semantics, as provided by non‐caching architectures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Features from functional programming for a C++ skeleton library
Authors: Kuchen H. , Striegnitz J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMessage passing based on libraries such as MPI is typically used to program parallel machines with distributed memory. This is efficient, but error prone. Algorithmic skeletons are intended to simplify parallel programming by increasing expressive power. The idea is to offer typical parallel programming patterns as polymorphic higher‐order functions which are efficiently implemented in parallel. The present paper describes how C++ templates and operator overloading can be used in order to provide the main features needed for algorithmic skeletons, namely higher‐order functions, partial applications and parametric polymorphism. Experimental results based on a draft implementation of our C++ skeleton library show that higher expressive power can be gained without a significant performance penalty. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced eager scheduling for Java‐based adaptive parallel computing
Authors: Neary Michael O. , Cappello Peter 
Published: February 2005

AbstractJavelin 3 is a software system for developing large‐scale, fault‐tolerant, adaptively parallel applications. When all or part of their application can be cast as a master–worker or branch‐and‐bound computation, Javelin 3 frees application developers from concerns about inter‐processor communication and fault tolerance among networked hosts, allowing them to focus on the underlying application. The paper describes a fault‐tolerant task scheduler and its performance analysis. The task scheduler integrates work stealing with an advanced form of eager scheduling. It enables dynamic task decomposition, which improves host load‐balancing in the presence of tasks whose non‐uniform computational load is evident only at execution time. Speedup measurements are presented of actual performance on up to 1000 hosts. We analyze the expected performance degradation due to unresponsive hosts, and measure actual performance degradation due to unresponsive hosts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.