bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey: Projections to the neocortex
Authors: Lavenex Pierre , Suzuki Wendy A. , Amaral David G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the topographic and laminar organization of the efferent cortical projections of the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices. Area 36 of the perirhinal cortex projects preferentially to areas TE and TEO, whereas area TF of the parahippocampal cortex projects preferentially to the posterior parietal cortex and area V4. Area TF projects to many regions of the frontal lobe, whereas area 36 projects mainly to the orbital surface. The insular and cingulate cortices receive projections from areas 36 and TF, whereas only area TF projects to the retrosplenial cortex. Projections to the superior temporal gyrus, including the dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus, arise predominantly from area TF. Area 36 projects only to rostral levels of the superior temporal gyrus. Area TF has, in general, reciprocal connections with the neocortex, whereas area 36 has more asymmetric connections. Area 36, for example, projects to more restricted regions of the frontal cortex and superior temporal sulcus than it receives inputs from. In contrast, it projects to larger portions of areas TE and TEO than it receives inputs from. The efferent projections of areas 36 and TF are primarily directed to the superficial layers of the neocortex, a laminar organization consistent with connections of the feedback type. Projections to unimodal visual areas terminate in large expanses of the cortex, but predominantly in layer I. Projections to other sensory and polymodal areas, in contrast, terminate in a columnar manner predominantly in layers II and III. In all areas receiving heavy projections, the projections extend throughout most cortical layers, largely avoiding layer IV. We discuss these findings in relation to current theories of memory consolidation. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:394–420, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of cerebellar and area “y” projections to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in macaque monkeys
Authors: Stanton Gregory B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAxonal projections to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (RTP) were studied in 11 macaque monkeys by mapping axonal degeneration from lesions centered in the dentate and interpositus anterior (IA) nuclei and by mapping anterograde transport of tritiated amino acid precursors injected into the dentate nucleus. Projections from the dentate and IA nuclei overlap in central parts of the body of RTP, but the terminal field of dentate axons extends dorsomedial and rostral to the terminal field of IA axons, and IA terminal fields extend more ventrolaterally. A caudal to rostral topography of projections from each nucleus onto dorsal to ventral parts of RTP was seen. Projections from rostral parts of both nuclei terminate in a sublemniscal part of the nucleus. The topography of dentate and IA projections onto central to ventrolateral RTP appears to match somatotopic maps of these cerebellar nuclei with the somatotopic map of projections to RTP from primary motor cortex. Projections from caudal and ventral parts of the dentate nucleus appear to overlap oculomotor inputs to rostral, dorsal, and medial RTP from the frontal and supplementary eye fields, the superior colliculus, and the oculomotor region of the caudal fastigial nucleus. Projections to the paramedian part of RTP from vestibular area “y” were also found in two cases that correlated with projections to vertical oculomotor motoneurons. The maps of dentate and IA projections onto RTP correlate predictably with maps of dentate and IA projections to the ventrolateral thalamus and subnuclei of the red nucleus that were made from these same cases (Stanton [1980b] J. Comp. Neurol. 192:377–385). J. Comp. Neurol. 432:169–183, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective neurodegeneration, without neurofibrillary tangles, in a mouse model of Niemann‐Pick C disease
Authors: German Dwight C. , Quintero E. Matthew , Liang Chang‐Lin , Ng Benton , Punia Surender , Xie Chonglun , Dietschy John M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe BALB/c mouse model of Niemann‐Pick type C (NPC) disease exhibits neuropathological similarities to the human condition. There is an age‐related cerebral atrophy, demyelination of the corpus callosum, and degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the NPC mouse. In human NPC, many cortical and subcortical neurons contain neurofibrillary tangles, which are thought by some investigators to play an important role in the neurodegenerative process. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether neurodegeneration occurs in the NPC mouse, in brain regions other than the cerebellum and whether the degeneration is related to the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. Using light microscopic methods with immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cell counting methods, 11‐week‐old NPC+/+ and NPC−/− animals were examined. In the NPC−/− mice, there were 96% fewer Purkinje cells, 28% fewer neurons in the prefrontal cortex, 20% fewer neurons in the thalamus, and 63% fewer glial cells in the corpus callosum. On the other hand, previous studies indicate normal numbers of neurons and glial cells in these same neuroanatomical regions in young NPC−/− mice. There were normal numbers of cholinergic neurons in sections assessed in the striatum and basal forebrain in the 11‐week‐old animals and no evidence of neurofibrillary tangles within cells. The present data indicate that both neurons and glial cells die in the NPC mouse but that all cells are not equally vulnerable. There was no evidence for neurofibrillary tangles in the NPC mouse, and therefore the degenerative process in the mouse is unrelated to the neurofibrillary tangle. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:415–425, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor DmGlu‐A in Drosophila melanogaster central nervous system
Authors: Ramaekers Ariane , Parmentier Marie‐Laure , Lasnier Céline , Bockaert Joël , Grau Yves 
Published: August 2002

AbstractL‐glutamate is the excitatory neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions in insects. It may also be involved in neurotransmission within the central nervous system (CNS), but its function therein remains elusive. The roles of glutamatergic synapses in the Drosophila melanogaster CNS were investigated, with focus on the study of DmGluRA, a G‐protein‐coupled glutamate receptor. In a first attempt to determine the function of this receptor, we describe its distribution in the larval and adult Drosophila CNS, using a polyclonal antibody raised against the C‐terminal sequence of the protein. DmGluRA is expressed in a reproducible pattern both in the larva and in the adult. In particular, DmGluRA can be found in the antennal lobes, the optic lobes, the central complex, and the median bundle in the adult CNS. However, DmGluRA‐containing neurons represented only a small fraction of all CNS neurons. DmGluRA immunoreactivity was not detected at the larval neuromuscular junction nor in the body wall muscles. The correlations between DmGluRA distribution and previously described glutamate‐like immunoreactivity patterns, as well as the implications of these observations concerning the possible functions of DmGluRA in the Drosophila CNS, are discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:213–225, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of experimental strabismus on the architecture of macaque monkey striate cortex
Authors: Fenstemaker Suzanne B. , Kiorpes Lynne , Movshon J. Anthony 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStrabismus, a misalignment of the eyes, results in a loss of binocular visual function in humans. The effects are similar in monkeys, where a loss of binocular convergence onto single cortical neurons is always found. Changes in the anatomical organization of primary visual cortex (V1) may be associated with these physiological deficits, yet few have been reported. We examined the distributions of several anatomical markers in V1 of two experimentally strabismic Macaca nemestrina monkeys. Staining patterns in tangential sections were related to the ocular dominance (OD) column structure as deduced from cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining. CO staining appears roughly normal in the superficial layers, but in layer 4C, one eye's columns were pale. Thin, dark stripes falling near OD column borders are evident in Nissl‐stained sections in all layers and in immunoreactivity for calbindin, especially in layers 3 and 4B. The monoclonal antibody SMI32, which labels a neurofilament protein found in pyramidal cells, is reduced in one eye's columns and absent at OD column borders. The pale SMI32 columns are those that are dark with CO in layer 4. Gallyas staining for myelin reveals thin stripes through layers 2–5; the dark stripes fall at OD column centers. All these changes appear to be related to the loss of binocularity in cortical neurons, which has its most profound effects near OD column borders. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:300–317, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of “follicular neoplasm”: A gray zone in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Baloch Zubair W. , Fleisher Seth , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Gupta Prabodh K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of “follicular neoplasm” does not differentiate between a benign and malignant tumor. Often cases diagnosed as “follicular or Hürthle‐cell neoplasm” undergo surgical excision for further characterization. The aim of this study was to identify clinical features that may help in predicting malignancy in patients with an FNA diagnosis of follicular neoplasm. One hundred eighty‐four cases in 167 patients were diagnosed as “follicular neoplasm” among 1,024 thyroid FNA evaluated with on‐site interpretation from 1998–2000. The cases were evaluated for the following variables: histologic diagnosis, age, sex, and size of the nodule. One hundred thirty‐nine patients were female, and 28 were male (age range, 23–80 yr). Among 122 patients (67%) undergoing surgical excision (lobectomy, 96; total thyroidectomy, 26), malignancy was identified in 37 cases (31%). Nonpapillary (follicular/Hürthle) carcinoma was diagnosed in 11 (9%), follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in 25, and medullary carcinoma in 1 case. The risk of malignancy was greater in males (47% vs. 29%, P < 0.0004) than females, in nodules measuring 3 cm or more (55% vs. 23%, P < 0.0001), than in nodules measuring less than 3 cm, and in patients 40 or more yr old (20% vs. 10%, P = 0.0001) than in patients younger than 40 years. The diagnosis “follicular neoplasm” is indeterminate, and the majority of cases (70% in the current study) are benign. However, clinical features, including gender, nodule size, and age, can be a part of the decision analysis in selecting patients for surgery. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:41–44. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sclerosing hemangioma of lung: A close cytologic mimicker of pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ng, W.K. , Fu, K.H. , Wang, E. , Tang, V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the fine‐needle aspiration biopsy findings of sclerosing hemangioma of lung occurring in a 40‐yr‐old Chinese woman. Cytologically, there were hyalinized stromal tissue fragments admixed with clusters of nondescript mononuclear tumor cells. Scattered foamy macrophages and red blood cells were also noted in the background. Focal papillary and acinar configurations were seen. However, some of the epithelial cells show nuclear pleomorphism with nuclear hyperchromasia, prominent nucleoli, and occasional intranuclear inclusions. Mitotic activity was virtually absent. The cytologic atypia present may result in misdiagnosis of well‐differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma, especially bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Recognition of the subtle cytologic differences, together with cell block examination, immunocytochemistry, and proper clinicoradiologic correlation, is crucial for an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:316–320, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: maternal and fetal consequences
Authors: ter Braak Edith W. M. T. , Evers Inge M. , Willem Erkelens D. , Visser Gerard H. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is strong evidence that the avoidance of hyperglycemia is essential inoptimizing pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetes. The price to pay is a striking increase in severe hypoglycemia (SH), defined as episodes requiring help from another person. During type 1 diabetic pregnancy, occurrence rates of SH up to 15 times higher as in the intensively treated group of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) are reported. Blood glucose (BG) treatment targets differ considerably between clinics; some authors advocate lower limits as low as 3.3 mmol/l. Improved glycemic control and/or recurrent hypoglycemia (i.e. BG <3.9 mmol/l) may result in impairment of glucose counterregulatory responses. Also, glucose counterregulation may be altered by pregnancy itself. Short‐acting insulin analogs may help reduce hypoglycemia with preservation of good glycemic control, but their use during pregnancy has yet to be proven safe.Several clinical studies did not establish an association between maternal hypoglycemia and diabetic embryopathy. However, animal studies clearly indicate that hypoglycemia is potentially teratogenic during organogenesis. Increased rates of macrosomia continue to be observed despite near normal HbA1c levels. This may, at least in part, be the result of rebound hyperglycemia elicited by hypoglycemia. Exposure to hypoglycemia in utero may have long‐term effects on offspring including neuropsychological defects.It is yet unclear to what extent the benefits of tight glycemic control balance with the increased risk of (severe) hypoglycemia during type 1 diabetic pregnancy. Efforts must be made to avoid low BG, i.e. <3.9 mmol/l, when tightening glycemic control. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zebrafish mutants: Behavioral genetic studies of visual system defects
Authors: Li Lei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractZebrafish are a promising model for behavioral and genetic studies of vertebrate visual system development and retinal degeneration. In the past few years, numerous studies on zebrafish vision have been published. While most of the studies focus on the molecular and cellular characterization of mutations that disrupt zebrafish visual system structure in early development, others examine the mechanisms that underlie inherited visual system disorders in adults. Behavioral assays, along with morphologic and electrophysiological methods, are powerful tools for functional analyses of zebrafish visual development and performance. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Itih‐4, a serine protease inhibitor regulated in interleukin‐6–dependent liver formation: role in liver development and regeneration
Authors: Bhanumathy C.D. , Tang Y. , Monga S.P.S. , Katuri V. , Cox J.A. , Mishra B. , Mishra L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor‐4 (Itih‐4) is a liver‐restricted member of the serine protease inhibitor family with diverse functions as an anti‐apoptotic and matrix stabilizing molecule that are important throughout development. We investigate the functional role of Itih‐4 in liver formation, regeneration (LR) and examine its role in calcium and hyaluronic acid binding. Itih‐4 expression is prominent in early liver development at E9 and later at E16, being restricted to hepatoblasts, immature hepatocytes, and differentiated hepatocytes. We note a marked and differential increase in Itih‐4 labeling in proliferating hepatocytes, compared with bile duct cells in liver explant cultures treated with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). After partial hepatectomy, maximal Itih‐4 expression occurs in a bimodal manner at 30 min and at 12 hr, with a predominant centrizonal distribution. There is no detectable binding of glutathione transferase–fusion Itih‐4 protein to calcium and hyaluronic acid, indicating a possible requirement for posttranslational modifications for these functions. These results suggest that in LR, Itih‐4 expression corresponds to that of immediate early genes and may contribute to the entry of normally quiescent hepatocytes into the early stages of the cell cycle. The markedly high expression of Itih‐4 in early liver development and in explants treated with IL‐6 suggests a prominent role for Itih‐4 at key points in liver formation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychosocial variables associated with binge eating in obese males and females
Authors: Womble Leslie G. , Williamson Donald A. , Martin Corby K. , Zucker Nancy L. , Thaw Jean M. , Netemeyer Richard , Lovejoy Jennifer C. , Greenway Frank L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested a psychosocial model of binge eating symptoms in obese men and women. Predictor variables included depression, dietary restraint, self‐esteem, weight cycling, history of teasing, body dissatisfaction, and neuroticism.MethodParticipants (N = 808) completed a packet of self‐report questionnaires.ResultsWeight cycling, teasing about weight and shape, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and dietary restraint comprised the best fitting models (original and cross‐validation) for binge eating in women and men. These variables explained 61–72% of the variance in symptoms of binge eating in the samples of men and 70% of the variance in the samples of women. Although the male and female models were mostly similar, notable differences between them were found.DiscussionThe variables that comprise these etiological models should be considered in the development of prevention programs for obese binge eaters. Longitudinal studies, however, are needed to examine these etiological paths and to test for causal relationships. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 217–221, 2001.
Parental influences on eating behavior in obese and nonobese preadolescents
Authors: Laessle Reinhold G. , Uhl Heike , Lindel Birgit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine parental influences on obesity, the eating behavior of 80 obese and normal weight children (aged 8–12 years) was investigated in the laboratory.MethodA controlled repeated measures design was used. The mother was either present or absent while the child was eating in the laboratory. The eating style was measured by recording cumulative eating curves with a universal eating monitor, using yoghurt as a standardized experimental meal.ResultsThe eating behavior of obese children differed significantly from normal weight children only when the mother was present in the laboratory. Overweight children ate faster with larger bites and showed an acceleration of their eating rate toward the end of the meal.DiscussionSuch an eating style can be hypothesized to explain an increased calorie intake in obese children, promoting a positive energy balance in the long term. The data support a learning model of obesity in childhood, which also has implications for family treatment. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 447–453, 2001.
Transient hopping transport in percolation clusters
Authors: Ogawa Nobuyuki , Naito Hiroyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMonte Carlo simulation for percolative hopping transport has been carried out to explain the increase in transit‐time dispersion and decrease in drift mobility with increasing applied electric field, found in molecularly doped polymers with low concentrations of charge transporting molecules. These two phenomena cannot be understood in terms of the Gaussian disorder model (GDM), which has been widely accepted for the analysis of the transport data of molecularly doped polymers. It is found that the two phenomena are successfully explained by the present computer simulation. The GDM analysis is applied to the analysis of the simulation data, and it is shown that energetic disorder can be estimated from the GDM analysis even in the case of percolative hopping transport and that the percolative motion of hopping carriers is one of the origins of geometrical disorder. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 1–9, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10014
The influence of perceived suffering and vulnerability on the experience of pity
Authors: Dijker Anton J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPity is viewed as a function of two classes of perceived stimulus features and their interaction: the extent to which a person (when still healthy and nonsuffering) is perceived as vulnerable to physical harm, and the perceived intensity of his or her current suffering. Consistent with this view, Experiment 1 (N = 141) showed that participants' pity reactions to photographs of persons expressing pain were influenced by age‐related, sex‐related, and postural vulnerability cues. Experiment 2 (N = 258) manipulated both target's vulnerability by varying the muscularity of the same adult male stimulus and the intensity of suffering. As predicted, an interaction of vulnerability and suffering was found. Implications for the study of helping behavior are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When individuals dislike exposure to an actively coping role model: mood change as related to depression and social comparison orientation
Authors: Buunk Bram P. , Brenninkmeijer Veerle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA total of 122 individuals, including those clinically depressed and nondepressed, were exposed to a description of a target who overcame his or her depression either through active coping (high effort), or seemingly by itself (low effort). Participants first completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the Iowa–Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure. As predicted, among the nondepressed, with increasing levels of social comparison orientation, a high effort target evoked a relatively more positive mood change, and a low‐effort target a relatively more negative one. In contrast, among the depressed, with increasing levels of social comparison orientation, a low‐effort target evoked a relatively more positive mood change, and a high‐effort target a relatively more negative one. The implications are that exposure to active role models may worsen a depression, and that social comparison orientation may have clinical implications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.