bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating with Your Department Chair: A Primer on How to Advocate for Your IR Section
Authors: Spies James B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany interventional radiologists express concern about communicating their practice needs to their radiology department chairs. As a result, they may have difficulty getting support for hiring of additional physicians and staff, capital investments in equipment, and marketing of IR services. Some perceive that chairs have a preference for diagnostic radiology initiatives over interventional and want to know why. More importantly, they want to know how to approach their chair and succeed in their advocacy for IR. The key to success is understanding the perspective of the chair and the pressures and demands they face. That understanding allows the IR to propose their initiatives in a form that helps address some of the chair's needs and thus eases their path to success.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes at Periviable Gestation throughout Delivery Admission
Authors: Seasely Angela R. , Jauk Victoria C. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Tita Alan T. , Casey Brian M. 
Published: November 2023

Objective The threshold of viability, as well as cutoffs for delivery interventions and neonatal resuscitation, vary by hospital and involve complex counseling. With improvements in neonatal resuscitation and intensive care, the threshold of viability has been decreasing. Decisions regarding delivery planning and neonatal resuscitation efforts should be based on the best available evidence. Our objective was to characterize survival rates and neonatal outcomes following periviable birth at different milestones beginning with prenatal admission through 1 year of life in a contemporary cohort.
Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of all inborn infants without major congenital anomalies who delivered at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from 2013 to 2019 at gestational ages 22+0/7 to 25+6/7. Our primary outcome was to compared survival milestones throughout the pre- and postdelivery periods and neonatal complications in surviving newborns through 1 year of life at each gestational age.
Results The survival rate to 1 year of life was 49% (48–56%, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the entire cohort and varied according to gestational age at delivery (22 weeks 15% [10–23%, 95% CI], 23 weeks 48% [43–58%, 95% CI], 24 weeks 57% [52–67%, 95% CI], 25 weeks 71% [67–82%, 95% CI]). Overall for the entire cohort, the rate of lung disease requiring respiratory support at discharge was 51%, intraventricular hemorrhage was 42%, retinopathy of prematurity was 74%, pulmonary hypertension was 30%, and concerns for cerebral palsy at 1 year of life was 25%. All outcomes improved with advancing gestational age at delivery. Of infants who delivered during the 22nd week of gestation, 50% received antenatal corticosteroids. Infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids had more interventions, less pulmonary hypertension, and improved survival to 1 year of life.
Conclusion Knowledge of maternal complications, longitudinal survival rates, and neonatal outcomes of periviable deliveries according to gestational age throughout the admission enhances obstetric and perinatal counseling after hospital admission.
Key Points
Intratracheal Instillation of Budesonide–Surfactant for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Dolma Kalsang , Zayek Michael , Gurung Aayushka , Eyal Fabien 
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of intratracheal instillation of a budesonide–surfactant combination on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death compared with surfactant alone in extremely preterm infants.
Study Design In this retrospective, single-center study, we included extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks' gestation) who received surfactant for respiratory distress in the first 3 days of life. We compared infants who received budesonide–surfactant combination (intervention group: infants born between February 2016 and October 2021) with surfactant alone (control group: infants born from January 2010 through January 2016). The primary outcome was a composite of BPD grade 2 or 3 (as defined by Jensen et al, 2019) or death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA).
Results We included 966 extremely preterm infants (528 in the control group and 438 in the intervention group). While the incidence of death/BPD grade 2 or 3 at 36 weeks of PMA was not different between the two groups (66% in the intervention group vs. 63% in the control group; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–1.07; p-value = 0.69), budesonide was associated with a reduction in the primary outcome only in a subgroup of infants with birth weight ≥ 750 grams (36.8 vs. 43.5%, respectively; aRR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–0.98). Primary and secondary outcomes did not differ between the two groups within the subgroup of infants weighing <750 grams.
Conclusion In extremely preterm infants, the budesonide–surfactant combination therapy reduced the rates of BPD or death in infants weighing ≥750 grams; however, this beneficial effect was not seen in infants weighing <750 grams. Further investigation of this treatment may be indicated before it is considered a standard approach to management.
Key Points
Portugal in the nuclear realm: a case of broad ‘multilateralization’
Authors: Fernandes Sandra , Ferreira David Silva 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNuclear proliferation and nuclear disarmament have regained centrality in the global security agenda. The weakening of existing regimes and the search by a growing number of states to acquire or extend their nuclear capacities have contributed to shape recent developments. This paper analyses how Portugal’s foreign policy orientations, grounded on its Euro-Atlantic identity with a global vocation and a colonial past, matter in defining its nuclear policies. We argue that while processes of ‘Europeanisation’ and ‘NATO-isation’ explain their adoption, Portuguese nuclear policies are better explained by the country’s broader multilateralist approach to security.
Measurement of gravitational and thermal effects in a liquid-actuated torsion pendulum
Authors: Allocca Annalisa , Bassan Massimo , De Laurentis Martina , De Rosa Rosario , Di Fiore Luciano , D’Onofrio Luca , Errico Luciano , Garufi Fabio , Grado Aniello , Hoyle C. D. , Lucchesi David , Minenkov Yury , Passeggio Giuseppe , Pucacco Giuseppe , Sequino Valeria , Tarallo Oreste , Trozzo Lucia , Visco Massimo 
Published: November 2023

We describe a proof-of-principle experiment aiming to investigate the inverse-square law of gravitation at the centimeter scale. The sensor is a two-stage torsion pendulum, while actuation is accomplished by a variable liquid mass. The time-varying gravitational force is related to the level of the circulating fluid in one or two containers at a short distance from the test mass, with all moving mechanical parts positioned at a large distance. We provide a description of the apparatus and present the first results. We identified a systematic effect of thermal origin, producing offsets of few fNm in torque and of about 10 pN in force. When this effect is neutralized, the measurements agree well with the predictions of simulations. We also discuss the upcoming instrument upgradations and the expected sensitivity improvement that will allow us to perform measurements with adequate accuracy to investigate the unexplored regions of the α−λ parameter space of a Yukawa-like deviation from the Newtonian potential.
Power dynamics in Egypt’s censorship of Gibran’sThe Prophet
Authors: Ali Hisham M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfter more than seventy years, whenKahlil Gibran’s 1923masterpieceThe Prophethad circulated freely in Egypt, censorship authorities banned the book in 1999 and 2011. This article explores the sociopolitical context surrounding the censorship ofThe Prophetand its Arabic translations, with a particular focus on the power play between censors and different agents and the strategies employed by the latter to revoke the ban on the book. The extent and intensity of power intervention speak to this case study’s significance. Qualitative analysis of English and Arabic press material is utilized to gain insights into the censors’ reports and the responses of different sociopolitical agents. This is paired with compiling and analyzing a dataset of bibliographical information on the editions ofThe Prophet’sArabic translations published in Egypt between 1999 and 2022. The findings point to a decentralized system of censorship exercised by several ministries and religious institutions with competing interests. It is argued that the survival ofThe Prophetin the face of multiple bans can be attributed to shifting sociopolitical conditions, discordant politics of powerful agents, and international pressure.
Loanword adaptation of Japanese consonants in Kavalan
Authors: Lin Hui-shan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper is a first attempt to investigate loanword adaptation of Japanese consonants in Kavalan. Based on first hand data, the paper shows that when a Japanese consonant is adapted as the closest Kavalan consonant, the manner features are of higher phonological weight and are more faithfully retained than the place and voicing features. It is shown that for adaptations involving a change in the place of articulation, the change is generally minimal and confined within the same major place feature. This is except for the [ɸ] > [h] and the [ç] > [h] mappings which involve a change from [Lab] and [Cor] to [Phar]. It is argued that although the [ɸ] > [h] and the [ç] > [h] mappings may seem to suggest that loanword adaptation in Kavalan is based on phoneme-to-phoneme mappings, the adaptations of Japanese affricates and the word-medial nasal codas suggest otherwise; the change is in fact driven by place markedness. Together with the fact that native Kavalan phonotactics also plays a role in shaping the non-native sounds perceived, this paper argues that Kavalan loanword adaptation is best accounted for by a loanword theory which takes into account both perception and phonology.
Switzerland, The Alps, And Italy
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I think Mrs Freshfield is being a touch disingenuous: the art of mountaineering, which she implies here is no more remarkable than a sort of sightseeing trip of summits, was exciting, and what could be more unfeminine than that? It took an adventurous spirit like hers, and other elegant pioneers like Elizabeth Le Blond and Mrs Cole not actually afraid of climbing, to dare convention by attempting it in the first place. After all, climbing meant physical discomfort, even danger; it meant impropriety (being alone with guides and no doubt having to hitch up one's hem occasionally).
Arabia, Iraq, And Iran
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Lady Wortley Montagu reached Turkey, it was thought by her peers at home that she had gone just about as far as it is possible (for a Lady) to go. Beyond, even. A musky air of mystique, and the veiled edge of danger associated with the unknown, made the country the apogee of the exotic. That was at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Come the end of the nineteenth, susceptible souls were being lured even further east to the fabled deserts of Arabia, Mesopotamia, Babylon, and Persia. It is here we begin to get to know the real expeditioners, the 'serious’ women travellers like Gertrude Bell and Freya Stark (both of whom we have met before but who were never really challenged until now); like Lady Anne Blunt, who rode as a bedouin from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf—some two thousand miles—and another equestrienne, Ella Sykes, the title of whose book, Through Persia on a Side-Saddle, says it all.
Australasia
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a Sunday afternoon in late summer two elderly people in white linen hats, husband and wife without a doubt, and amiably married for thirty or forty years, stand at the parkland tip of Bradley’s Head on the northern shore of Sydney Harbour in Australia—a promontory whose eponym, Rear-Admiral William Bradley, RN, was sentenced to death in 1814 for defrauding the Royal mails. She wears a flowery cotton dress, he is in white shorts, though not of the very abbreviated kind known to Australians as stubbies.
North America
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
one side of our way slept the black shadow of Hyde Park; on the other the lights of the big Bayswater houses broke into changing stars as the rain lashed the glass. The bus was villainously overcrowded, and its badly packed cargo steamed morosely, saying nothing, seeing nothing, inwardly hurrying, tensely preoccupied in the all-important business of getting home.
Central And South America
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fashionable, indeed the only walk in St George’s, is the ferryroad; there are some pretty views, and being on the water-side it is pleasantly cool in the evening; but we generally prefer the wild scenery on the north side of the island where the navy tanks are situated. The heat is now excessive, and I was rather amused by the remark of an officer’s lady, who has just arrived from New Brunswick, that she had been forced to surrender to the climate.
A system for health care technology assessment
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Effective planning requires information on which technologies are beneficial and how beneficial each is. It requires that technologies be applied to important health care needs. It requires an idea of how much each technology will cost. It requires some idea of the social context of the technology: will it be accept able to patients. does it challenge ethical systems, will physicians and other providers use it? The consequences of technological change must be well understood. The goal is to identify important developments and to assess their implications. Ultimately. such information could be used in making policy decisions.
Liver tumors
Authors: Finegold Milton J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1988 International Agency for Research on Cancer survey of childhood cancer in 50 countries during the 1970s revealed an incidence of liver cancer that ranged from 0.4 per million children aged 0-14 years in France and Jamaica to about 4.0 in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taiwan, and Fiji (1). This 10-fold difference reflects the high carrier rate for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the latter countries, leading to hepatocarcinoma. The rate for hepatocarcinoma ranged from 0.1 per million in Manchester, England, New York City Whites and Puerto Rico to 2.1 in Hong Kong and Japan. For hepatoblastoma, which has no association with HBV infection (however, see Fig. 15.1), the range of incidence was 0.3-0.4 in Osaka and Manchester (from 1954 to 1970) to 1.0 in the United States to 2.6 among males in Slovenia.
ECT in older patients with physical illness
Authors: Tew Jr James D , Mulsant Benoit H , Towers Adele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the immediate physiological response. ECT in the context of specific cardiac conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia/atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure (CHF), aneurysms, and pacemakers is also covered.
The intervertebral disc—structure, composition, and pathology
Authors: Duance Victor , Roberts Sally 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The spine is a complex structure comprised of vertebrae, muscles and ligaments that combine to provide both strength and flexibility. To enable extension, flexion, lateral bending, and rotation each vertebral body is interposed with a soft deformable tissue, the intervertebral disc.(1) There are 24 intervertebral discs in the human spine, 7 in the cervical, 12 in the thoracic, and 5 in the lumbar regions (Fig. 1). The overall function of the intervertebral discs is to absorb and dissipate the high compressive and torsional forces experienced by the spine without compromising its flexibility.
Anxiety and eating disorders
Authors: Eley Thalia C , Collier David , McGuffin Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has long been recognized that there is a familial component to both anxiety and eating disorders. In the past two decades research has moved on from family studies, looking at familial risk and resemblance to molecular genetic research attempting to identify specific susceptibility loci. Here we will review data from both quantitative genetic research (family and twin studies—we are not aware of any adoption studies of anxiety or eating disorders) and molecular genetics (linkage, association and animal models).
Clinical trials
Authors: Grahame-Smith D G , Aronson J K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Medicines should be effective. In other words, they should alleviate a symptom or ameliorate or cure a disease. In an individual, the efficacy (or benefit of treatment) should outweigh the potential hazard (the risk of harm), and the decision to use a drug depends on assessing the benefit: risk ratio in the individual patient.
The drug history and the clinical examination and investigation of drug effects
Authors: Grahame-Smith D G , Aronson J K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The drug history and the clinical examination and investigation of drug effects are important parts of the general history, examination, and investigation. They should be undertaken with as much care. This is important because:A knowledge of the drugs a patient has taken in the past or is currently taking is essential in planning future treatment. Drug effects should always be on the list of differential diagnoses, since drugs can cause illness or disease, either directly or as a result of an interaction.
Darwin’s illness
Authors: Medawar Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Charles Darwin was a sick man for the last forty of his seventy three years of life. His diaries tell the story of a man deep in the shadow of chronic illness-gnawed at by gastric and intestinal pains, frightened by palpitations, weak and lethargic, often sick and shivery, a bad sleeper, and always an attentive student of his own woes. His complaints began about a year after his return from the great scientific adventures that occupied the five-year voyage of HMS Beagle, and they soon took on a fitfully recurrent pattern. Over the next few years, as he became progressively weaker, Darwin gave up his more energetic pursuits, including the geological field-work he had until then delighted in; and in 1842, when only thirty-three, he and his devoted wife Emma retired to a country house in Kent.
Eurhythmics: Ends and Means
Authors: Bachmann Marie-Laure 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1910 Jaques-Dalcroze had clearly defined not only the aim of Eurhythmics and the results it could claim to achieve, but also, in general terms, the working methods available for such achievements. Two articles published at this time (in 1909 and 1910) yield an essential resumé of his thoughts in this direction. They were to undergo no substantial modification as a result of later developments; on the contrary, the latter, while further clarifying the Dalcrozian approach, would more often than not confirm it by subsequent experience.
The Technique of Orchestral Playing
Authors: Morris Gareth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The orchestra provides magnificent opportunities for the flute but great responsibilities for the player, who is required to be a soloist in his own right, a chamber musician, and to have the stamina and confidence to dominate intuits passages when the occasion arises. Its very position on the crest of the score gives the flautist a dangerous opportunity to make or mar the quality of a performance, an exposure that needs constant self-appraisal.
Repertoire
Authors: Morris Gareth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The flute repertoire is large, so the following list contains only works of essential interest. Excellent minor composers of the Baroque Era produced much pleasant solo and ensemble music which has no great individuality or unusual beauty; there are important exceptions, but most of the compositions are useful for musical evenings without being indispensable to the serious student, although he would wish to add many of them to his library in due course.
Why History Matters
Authors: Lerner Gerda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘ All human beings are practicing historians,’ writes Gerda Lerner. ‘ We live our lives; we tell our stories. It is as natural as breathing.’ And it is as important as breathing too. It is how we define ourselves and our community, how we understand our time and place and the context of our lives. History can be the vital thread that holds a nation together, as demonstrated most strikingly with the Jewish people. Conversely, for women, who have lived in a world in which they apparently had no history, its absence can be devastating. In Why History Matters, Lerner brings together her thinking and research of the last sixteen years, combining personal reminiscences with innovative theory that illuminate the importance of history and the vital role women have played in it. Why History Matters contains some of the most significant thinking and writing on history that Lerner has done in her entire career - a summation of her life and work. The chapters are divided into three sections, each widely different from the others, each revelatory of Lerner as a woman and a feminist. We read first of Lerner’s coming to consciousness as a Jewish woman. There are moving accounts of her early life as a refugee in America, her return to Austria fifty years after fleeing the Nazis (to discover a nation remarkable both for the absence of Jews and for the anti-Semitism just below the surface), her slow assimilation into American life, and her decision to be a historian. If the first section is personal, the second focuses on more professional concerns. Included here is a fascinating essay on nonviolent resistance, tracing the idea from the Quakers (such as Mary Dyer), to abolitionists such as Theodore Dwight Weld (the ‘ most mobbed man’ in America), to Thoreau’s essay Civil Disobedience, then across the sea to Tolstoy and Gandhi, before finally returning to America during the civil rights movement of the 1950s. There are insightful essays on ‘ American Values’ and on the tremendous advances women have made in the twentieth century, as well as Lerner’s presidential address to the Organization of American Historians, which outlines the contributions of women to the field of history and the growing importance of women as a subject of history. The highlight of the final section of the book is Lerner’s bold and innovative look at the issues of class and race as they relate to women, an essay that distills her thinking on these difficult subjects and offers a coherent conceptual framework that will prove of lasting interest to historians and intellectuals. A major figure in women’s studies and long-term activist for women’s issues, a founding member of NOW and a past president of the Organization of American Historians, Gerda Lerner is a pioneer in the field of Women’s History and one of its leading practitioners. Why History Matters is the summation of the work and thinking of this distinguished historian.
The Bob Crosby Orchestra
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Above all,” Bob Haggart recalled, “we were like a family. We worked together, socialized together. Thought musically together. Most other bands-well, to tell the truth, we didn’t pay much attention to what everybody else was doing. To us most of the time, they just sounded as if they were trying to steal from one another.”