bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) pectoral fin musculature
Authors: Thorsen D.H. , Hale M.E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDuring posthatching development the fins of fishes undergo striking changes in both structure and function. In this article we examine the development of the pectoral fins from larval through adult life history stages in the zebrafish (Danio rerio), describing in detail their pectoral muscle morphology. We explore the development of muscle structure as a way to interpret the fins' role in locomotion. Genetic approaches in the zebrafish model are providing new tools for examining fin development and we take advantage of transgenic lines in which fluorescent protein is expressed in specific tissues to perform detailed three‐dimensional, in vivo fin imaging. The fin musculature of larval zebrafish is organized into two thin sheets of fibers, an abductor and adductor, one on each side of an endoskeletal disk. Through the juvenile stage the number of muscle fibers increases and muscle sheets cleave into distinct muscle subdivisions as fibers orient to the developing fin skeleton. By the end of the juvenile period the pectoral girdle and fin muscles have reoriented to take on the adult organization. We find that this change in morphology is associated with a switch of fin function from activity during axial locomotion in larvae to use in swim initiation and maneuvering in adults. The examination of pectoral fins of the zebrafish highlights the yet to be explored diversity of fin structure and function in subadult developmental stages. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Public eProcurement as socio‐technical change
Authors: Williams Susan P. , Hardy Catherine 
Published: September 2005

AbstractERP systems and those that support enterprise‐wide business activities such as eProcurement represent complex socio‐technical change.The imperative for researchers and practitioners is to identify ways of understanding and develop methods to assist in managing the complexity and messiness associated with the breadth and depth of change as the affordances of technologies and the needs of users emerge over time.In this paper theoretical concepts are presented and an empirical illustration of three cases of public eProcurement implementations is provided to make visible and make sense of the complex twists and turns of socio‐technical change.These experiences reveal the nuances of socio‐technical change, its fluid and emergent nature, the effect of unintended consequences, the role of influential agents and change in the representations of work practices.These theoretical concepts are analytically powerful and could provide practitioners with useful tools in understanding the envisaged and serendipitous nature of socio‐technical change and the intended and unintended outcomes that may emerge in implementing enterprise‐wide business information systems.Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal decomposition kinetics of palladium(II) 1‐allylimidazole complexes
Authors: Vecchio Stefano , Materazzi Stefano , Kurdziel Krystyna 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThermal dehydration and decomposition processes of a Pd(II) coordination compound, [PdL4]Cl2·3H2O (1), (where L is 1‐allylimidazole) were studied by simultaneous TG/DSC techniques under constant heating rates condition. The released gas products were analyzed by online coupling a FTIR spectrometer to the TG equipment. The so obtained evolved gas analysis confirmed that only two ligand molecules were released and that a new 1‐allylimidazole Pd(II) complex, trans‐[PdL2Cl2] (2a), was obtained. The same coordination compound was also prepared by heating 1 at 413.15 K in air atmosphere until a constant weight was reached 2b. Thermal decomposition mechanisms for the 2a and 2b complexes examined were proposed according to the three mass loss steps derived by TG data. Based on the model‐free isoconversional method described by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), the dependencies of activation energy on the degree of conversion were determined. A model‐free “single point” method was also applied using the Kissinger equation, and derived results were compared to those of the former method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 667–674, 2005
Effect of substituents on the rate of oxidation of anilines with peroxomonosulfate monoanion (HOOSO−3) in aqueous acetonitrile: A mechanistic study
Authors: Meenakshisundaram Subbiah , Selvaraju M. , Gowda N. M. Made , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMechanistic studies on the oxidation of 18 meta‐, para‐, and ortho‐substituted anilines (Ans) by HOOSO−3 in aqueous acetonitrile medium have been performed. The reaction can be characterized by the experimental rate equation,

equation image

The addition of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) retards the reaction. The increase in the reactivity of anilines as the medium is made more aqueous is interpreted. The reaction is enhanced by electron‐donating groups on the amine in the series consistent with the rate‐limiting nucleophilic attack of the amine on the persulfate oxygen. The proposed mechanism involves the conversion of phenylhydroxylamine to nitrosobenzene in a fast step. The ESR study reveals the absence of free radicals in the reaction. Various attempts have been made to analyze the experimental rate constants in terms of LFER plots. Improved correlations are obtained with σ− values and the σ− form of the Yukawa–Tsuno equation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 649–657, 2005
Dual‐level direct dynamics study on the reactions of SH (SD) with F2
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Jing‐yao , Li Ze‐Sheng , Sun Chia‐chung 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe dual‐level direct dynamics study is carried out in the reactions of SH (SD) + F2, and enthalpies of formation for the species FSH (FSD) are evaluated using isodesmic reactions. Furthermore, the dynamics calculations are performed using the variational transition‐state theory (VTST) with interpolated single‐point energies (ISPE) method at the approximate QCISD(T)/6‐311++G(3df, 2pd)//MPW1K/6‐311G(d, p) level. Over the temperature range of 200–2000 K, theoretical rate constants evaluated using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) are in good agreement with the available experimental values. The kinetic isotope effects for the title reactions are not obvious. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 710–716, 2005
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of surface films formed on copper in aqueous environments
Authors: Srivastava A. , Balasubramaniam R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of pure copper has been studied in aqueous environments using linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques as a function of immersion time. The effect of pollutants (like chloride, sulfide and ammonium ions) on the nature of films formed on the copper surface has been studied. All the surfaces revealed the presence of a porous oxide layer. The corrosion resistance decreased with increasing amount of chloride ions. The addition of Na2S in the environments in the absence of any chloride species was beneficial for corrosion resistance. EIS data suggested that the capacitance of the films formed in chloride environments was higher. The surfaces obtained in presence of chloride ions were relatively rough and deeply attacked. The total impedance decreased after 432 h of immersion in solutions possessing chloride ions. The damaging role of chloride ions and the relatively less severe effect of sulfide ions were noted.
Directed Crystallisation of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) using a Low‐Molar‐Mass Self‐Assembled Template
Authors: Wangsoub Supatra , Olley Robert H. , Mitchell Geoffrey R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: We show that small quantities of dibenzylidene sorbitol dispersed in poly(ε‐caprolactone) coupled with shear flow provide a self‐assembling nanoscale framework to yield high levels of crystal orientation. During modest shear flow of the melt, the additive forms highly extended nanofibrils which adopt a preferred alignment with respect to the flow field, and on cooling polymer crystallisation is directed by these fibrils. We use in situ time‐resolving SAXS and WAXS techniques to explore how this behaviour can be modified by the composition, the shear rate and strain as well as the temperature at which the shear flow is imposed. SAXS studies show that the 3% DBS completely dissolves in the PCL melt at temperatures ≥120 °C and that any shear flow imposed at temperatures above such values is ineffective in directing crystallisation.SAXS pattern of crystallized PCL after cooling.imageSAXS pattern of crystallized PCL after cooling.
Effect of Decoupling of Molecular Segments, Microscopic Stress‐Transfer and Confinement of the Nanophases in Semicrystalline Polymers
Authors: Wunderlich Bernhard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Semi‐crystalline macromolecules are globally metastable, multi‐phase systems with phase dimensions ranging from micrometers to nanometers. The polymer molecules, being usually longer than one micrometer, cross the boundaries and decouple at the interfaces. This decoupling is often not complete and different degrees of influence are extended across the interfaces. Thermodynamically, crystals can be characterized by their melting behavior and non‐crystalline phases by their glass transition. On weak coupling, the non‐crystalline segments only show a broadening of the glass transition to higher temperature. With stronger coupling, non‐crystalline material may remain solid at the transition of the bulk‐amorphous phase and form a separate, rigid‐amorphous nanophase, or rigid amorphous fraction, RAF. The RAF undergoes its glass transition either below, at, or even above, the melting temperature. In the presence of a RAF, the semi‐crystalline polymers may be a system of three or more types of phases with different relaxation effects due to the coupling between the phases. This and other examples of decoupling are discussed here and a general concept is developed. This applies to positional decoupling at positions of chemical changes within the molecule, such as in copolymers, and to physical changes, such as in entanglements, and is not limited to decoupling at interfaces. Finally, it is pointed out that there is also the possibility of a temporal decoupling of thermodynamically simultaneous changes, which on sufficiently slow kinetics in one may change to consecutive changes. Many of these aspects of decoupling on a molecular scale influence the macroscopic properties and must be considered for the analysis and application of modern materials.Illustration of reversible melting of folded chain crystals.magnified imageIllustration of reversible melting of folded chain crystals.
The male perineal sling: Intermediate‐term results
Authors: Comiter Craig V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAimsIn men with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) due to sphincteric incompetence, surgical options include periurethral injection of bulking agents, implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), and sling surgery. Short‐term results of the male sling have generally been favorable. We report the intermediate‐term results of the bone‐anchored male perineal sling with a median of 4 years and minimum of 2 years follow‐up.MethodsFrom March 2000 to April 2003, 48 patients (average age = 68 years) underwent male sling surgery. Patients were evaluated pre‐operatively and post‐operatively via history, physical examination, pad score, and administration of the incontinence section of the UCLA/RAND prostate cancer index (PCI).ResultsPre‐operatively all patients rated their incontinence as severe, and used ≥3 pads daily. Median follow‐up was 48 months (range = 24–60). Average pad usage decreased from 4.6 ± 2.1 pads per day to 1.0 ± 1.7 pads per day (P < 0.01). Median UCLA PCI incontinence score increased from 63–343 (P < 0.01). Overall, 31/48 patient (65%) were cured of their leakage (no problem, no pads), 7/48 (15%) were much improved (small problem, 1 pad), 3/48 (6%) were mildly improved (moderate problem, 2 pads daily), and 7/48 (15%) failed (big problem, ≥3 pads).ConclusionsIntermediate‐term results for the male sling demonstrate a success rate comparable to that of the AUS (80% ≤ 1 pad daily). This technique has established a very low morbidity, and is a reliable alternative to AUS surgery for the treatment of male SUI. Neurourol. Urdynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of satisfaction among cognitively intact nursing home residents in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Linda Y.K. , Lee Diana T.F. , Woo Jean 
Published: September 2005

AbstractResident satisfaction is widely recognized as a critical dimension in assessing quality of nursing home care. Although many factors are associated with satisfaction, little is known about the relative importance of these factors in predicting satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to identify the demographic, physiological, psychological, and social predictors of satisfaction in a convenience sample of 175 nursing home residents in Hong Kong. Seventeen resident variables were investigated. Variables that showed significant bivariate associations with satisfaction were entered into the stepwise regression model. Health‐related quality of life (mental component), state self‐esteem, and social support satisfaction, significantly accounted for 31% of the variance of satisfaction. These findings suggest approaches to tailor care plans to increase resident satisfaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 376–387, 2005.
Electroelastic interaction between a piezoelectric screw dislocation and an elliptical inclusion with interfacial cracks
Authors: Fang Q. H. , Liu Y. W. , Jiang C. P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe electroelastic interaction between a piezoelectric screw dislocation, which is located inside either the inclusion or the matrix, and an elliptical inclusion with interfacial cracks under antiplane mechanical and inplane electrical loads is dealt with. An efficient and concise complex variable method for complex multiply connected region is developed, in terms of which general solutions of complex potentials in the matrix and the inclusion regions are derived. The explicit series‐form solutions are then given for the interface with a finite crack. The image force on the piezoelectric screw dislocation due to the elliptical inclusion, interfacial crack and remote uniform loadings is calculated by using the generalized Peach–Koehler formula. The influence of the curvature and the length of the crack, the shape of the inclusion and electroelastic mismatch between two materials on the image force is evaluated and discussed. Numerical examples show that the elliptical arc interfacial crack has significant effect on the equilibrium position of the dislocation near the interface. Further analysis implies that, when the curvature or the length of the crack goes up to a critical value, existence of the interfacial crack can change the interaction mechanism between a piezoelectric screw dislocation and the elliptical inclusion. In addition, a significative result is that there exists a same value of the crack angle to change the direction of the image force regardless of the shape of the inclusion as the area of the elliptical inclusion taking a constant. The present solutions contain a number of previously known results which can be shown to be special cases. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of endurance and resistance exercise on muscle capillarization in the elderly: a review
Authors: Harris B. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAim:  Ageing is one of many factors altering skeletal muscle. Conflicting results from previous studies guided this review to identify what has been found to date regarding microvascular adaptations in skeletal muscle as the result of ageing or inactivity, and endurance or resistance training interventions. Additionally, this review attempts to identify the variety of parameters for determining capillarization and discuss why these might be contributing to the conflicting results.Methods:  Electronic database searches were conducted for full‐length articles using relevant keywords related to ageing, muscle capillarization and exercise in all fields. Cross‐sectional, longitudinal, training and review papers were included. Several studies on younger subject adaptation were also included for comparison.Results:  Ageing and inactivity both result in regressive structural and functional changes to skeletal muscle capillarization. The rate and magnitude of decline is still unknown. Endurance training can positively effect structural changes to capillarity. There is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of resistance training. Training intensity may be an important factor. Biopsy sampling, histological staining and several measurement protocols may be providing inaccurate estimations of capillarity.Conclusion:  Part of the difficulty in determining the nature of these relationships has been the inconsistency in research conducted regarding age groups and controlling for past and present activity patterns. Further difficulties comparing across studies arise due to the variety of methods and parameters used to sample and analyse muscle tissue. Standardizing methodology will allow future research to yield more consistent results.
Use of remifentanil for tracheal intubation for caesarean section in a patient with suxamethonium apnoea
Authors: Alexander R. , Fardell S. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryA parturient presented for elective caesarean section with a history of multiple spinal operations and scoliosis and a biochemical diagnosis of suxamethonium apnoea. She declined any attempt at regional anaesthesia. We describe the use of a thiopental/remifentanil technique to relax the larynx and provide rapid and excellent conditions for laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The parturient awoke following an uneventful caesarean section with excellent pain relief and no recall. The baby had normal Apgar scores and umbilical blood gas measurements.
Phylogenetic relationships among Spanish goats breeds
Authors: Azor P. J. , Monteagudo L. V. , Luque M. , Tejedor M. T. , Rodero E. , Sierra I. , Herrera M. , Rodero A. , Arruga M. V. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryWe partially sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) in 60 goats belonging to six Spanish breeds. The analysis of these and previously published sequences reveals a weak phylogeographical structure in the Iberian Peninsula breeds. Individuals from a single breed did not group into a single cluster. Furthermore, individuals from different breeds often shared single phylogenetic tree branches after UPGMA analysis. This could reflect the non‐existence of breed isolation because of traditional seasonal pastoralism and annual long‐distance migrations. Three goats belonging to the C maternal lineage were found, demonstrating a wider than previously thought distribution for this lineage.
Mapping of 443 porcine EST improves the comparative maps for SSC1 and SSC7 with the human genome
Authors: Demeure O. , Pomp D. , Milan D. , Rothschild M. F. , Tuggle C. K. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryNumerous mapping studies of complex traits in the pig have resulted in quantitative trait loci (QTL) intervals of 10–20 cM. To improve the chances to identify the genes located in such intervals, increased expressed sequence tags (EST)‐based marker density, coupled with comparative mapping with species whose genomes have been sequenced such as human and mouse, is the most efficient tool. In this study, we mapped 443 porcine EST with a radiation hybrid (RH) panel (384 had LOD > 6.0) and a somatic cell hybrid panel. Requiring no discrepancy between two‐point and multipoint RH data allowed robust assignment of 309 EST, of which most were located on porcine chromosomes (SSC) 1, 4, 7, 8 and X. Moreover, we built framework maps for two chromosomes, SSC1 and SSC7, with mapped QTL in regions with known rearrangement between pig and human genomes. Using the Blast tool, we found orthologies between 407 of the 443 pig cDNA sequences and human genes, or to existing pig genes. Our porcine/human comparative mapping results reveal possible new homologies for SSC1, SSC3, SSC5, SSC6, SSC12 and SSC14 and add markers in synteny breakpoints for chromosome 7.
Comparative linkage mapping of the Grey coat colour gene in horses1
Authors: Pielberg G. , Mikko S. , Sandberg K. , Andersson L. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryGrey horses are born coloured, turn progressively grey and often develop melanomas late in life. Grey shows an autosomal dominant inheritance and the locus has previously been mapped to horse chromosome 25 (ECA25), around the TXN gene. We have now developed eight new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with genes on ECA25 using information on the linear order of genes on human chromosome 9q, as well as the human and mouse coding sequences. These SNPs were mapped in relation to the Grey locus using more than 300 progeny from matings between two Swedish Warmblood grey stallions and non‐grey mares. Grey was firmly assigned to an interval with flanking markers NANS and ABCA1. This corresponds to a region of approximately 6.9 Mb on human chromosome 9q. Furthermore, no recombination was observed between Grey, TGFBR1 and TMEFF1, the last two being 1.4 Mb apart in human. There are no obvious candidate genes in this region and none of the genes has been associated with pigmentation disorders or melanoma development, suggesting that the grey phenotype is caused by a mutation in a novel gene.
Nasal biomarker profiles in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Riechelmann H. , Deutschle T. , Rozsasi A. , Keck T. , Polzehl D. , Bürner H. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryBackground
Clinical manifestations of rhinosinusitis include acute rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps and CRS without polyps.Objective
Possible mechanisms defining these three forms of rhinosinusitis should be investigated assessing biomarker profiles in nasal secretions.Methods
Fifteen cytokines, three cellular activation markers and total IgE were determined in nasal secretions of seven patients with acute rhinosinusitis, 12 patients with CRS without polyps, 13 patients with CRS with polyps and six healthy controls. Principal component analysis was used to extract relevant factors.Results
Irrespective of the clinical manifestation, all biomarkers assessed were increased in patients with rhinosinusitis when compared with controls (P<0.001). Principal component analysis allowed the extraction of three factors explaining 83% of data variance. The general inflammatory activation was mainly reflected by the first factor. The second factor differentiated acute from CRS. This factor correlated with IL‐12, which is involved in pathogen‐related immune activation by antigen‐presenting cells. It was also positively correlated with IL‐4, IL‐10 and IL‐13, which play an important role in the resolution of infections. The third factor differentiated CRS with polyps from CRS without polyps (P=0.001). It represented IL‐5 and nasal IgE (nIgE), whereas eosinophil cationic protein and tryptase were not specific for CRS with polyps.Conclusion
In mucosal infection, numerous inflammatory mediators are activated. Simple correlations of few biomarkers with a specific disease process bear the risk of overestimating a possibly unspecific effect. To assess biomarker profiles, more complex analytic tools may be more appropriate to delineate mechanisms underlying mucosal disease. Using principal component analysis, it was found that high nIgE and IL‐5 levels are specific for CRS with nasal polyps.