bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A State‐of‐the‐Art Review on Effectiveness of Geopolymer Technology Toward Dye Degradation, Heavy Metal Encapsulation and Its Future Prospects on Environmental Remediation
Authors: SV Siva Shankari , M Sivasakthi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGeopolymers are an innovative class of environmentally friendly materials gaining significant attention in construction, materials science, and sustainable technology. As alternatives to traditional cement‐based materials, geopolymers exhibit unique mechanical properties suitable for various construction applications, including use as construction materials, coating materials, and high‐temperature‐resistant materials. Notably, geopolymers can effectively adsorb heavy metals, dyes, and radioactive pollutants, offering substantial environmental benefits. This review paper explores the process and mechanism of geopolymerization, as well as the application of geopolymers in the treatment of contaminants. It details how aluminosilicate precursors contribute to the photocatalytic degradation of dyes, examining the role of different raw material sources, types of activators or additives used, and preparation methods. This paper highlights the effectiveness of geopolymers in dye degradation, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the review delves into the interaction of geopolymers with heavy metals through mechanisms such as chemisorption, complexation, adsorption, ion exchange, intraparticle diffusion, and the solidification of heavy metals within the geopolymer matrix. This comprehensive analysis of existing research aids researchers in understanding the capabilities and limitations of geopolymer materials in environmental remediation. Beyond waste reduction, the review addresses the broader environmental impact of geopolymers, particularly their potential for reducing the carbon footprint compared to traditional cement. This aspect is crucial for evaluating the overall sustainability of geopolymers. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of life cycle durability assessments (LCA) to evaluate the ecological footprint of this eco‐friendly concrete throughout its lifetime, from raw material to end‐of‐life disposal. LCA provides a complete perspective on the sustainability of geopolymers, guiding future research and applications in sustainable construction. By synthesizing current research on geopolymers, this review paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers in geopolymer technology, offering insights into future research directions and potential applications.
Biomimetic Nanomaterials Based on Peptide In Situ Self‐Assembly for Immunotherapy Applications
Authors: Wen Zhuan , Song Zhang‐Zhi , Cai Ming‐Ze , Zhang Ni‐Yuan , Li Hao‐Ze , Yang Yang , Wang Qian‐Ting , Ghafoor Muhammad Hamza , An Hong‐Wei , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCancer remains the leading cause of patient death worldwide and its incidence continues to rise. Immunotherapy is rapidly developing due to its significant differences in the mechanism of action from conventional radiotherapy and targeted antitumor drugs. In the past decades, many biomaterials have been designed and prepared to construct therapeutic platforms that modulate the immune system against cancer. Immunotherapeutic platforms utilizing biomaterials can markedly enhance therapeutic efficacy by optimizing the delivery of therapeutic agents, minimizing drug loss during circulation, and amplifying immunomodulatory effects. The intricate physiological barriers of tumors, coupled with adverse immune environments such as inadequate infiltration, off‐target effects, and immunosuppression, have emerged as significant obstacles impeding the effectiveness of oncology drug therapy. However, most of the current studies are devoted to the development of complex immunomodulators that exert immunomodulatory functions by loading drugs or adjuvants, ignoring the complex physiological barriers and adverse immune environments of tumors. Compared with conventional biomaterials, biomimetic nanomaterials based on peptide in situ self‐assembly with excellent functional characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity have emerged as a novel and effective tool for cancer immunotherapy. This article presents a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on biomimetic nanomaterials based on peptide in situ self‐assembly in tumor immunotherapy. Initially, we categorize the structural types of biomimetic peptide nanomaterials and elucidate their intrinsic driving forces. Subsequently, we delve into the in situ self‐assembly strategies of these peptide biomimetic nanomaterials, highlighting their advantages in immunotherapy. Furthermore, we detail the applications of these biomimetic nanomaterials in antigen presentation and modulation of the immune microenvironment. In conclusion, we encapsulate the challenges and prospective developments of biomimetic nanomaterials based on peptide in situ self‐assembly for clinical translation in immunotherapy.
Considerations Concerning State Ratification of the BBNJ Agreement
Authors: Ardron Jeff A. , Kachelriess Daniel , Lyal Christopher H. C. , Nwapi Chilenye , Rabone Muriel , Sirakaya Aysegul , Swaddling Alison 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents procedural, policy, and legal considerations that states may encounter before and after ratifying the BBNJ Agreement, with a focus on its marine genetic resources (MGR) provisions. It briefly examines the behaviours of parties to the other two previously ratified implementing agreements to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, as well as some ratification lessons learnt from other relevant treaties. The other three ‘pillars’ of the BBNJ Agreement sit on well-established foundations of national and international law. However, as discussed here, the legal foundation of the fourth pillar, MGR, is less well established nationally or internationally, and much remains to be determined. Therein, the BBNJ Agreement represents a significant advancement of international law. However, the reality is that most parties will not adopt all the necessary new legislation prior to their ratification, nor can they, because many of the MGR provisions are as yet still unclear. States are therefore likely to choose a progressive approach, ratifying the Agreement to signal commitment while gradually developing the legal framework necessary for full compliance, as well as policies to guide its implementation.
Marine Genetic Resources Beyond National Jurisdiction: The Expansive Scope of the BBNJ Agreement
Authors: Humphries Fran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter interprets the scope and key definitions in Part II Marine Genetic Resource governance of the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement. The purpose of this chapter is to: (a) aid practitioners and policy makers’ understanding of the rationale underlying the treaty obligations and key gaps in interpretation; (b) outline how scope and definitions shape the treaty framework and institutional arrangements; and (c) provide practical considerations for how scope and definitions might be implemented in practice by Parties. Through a textual analysis of the treaty and its evolution during preparatory and intergovernmental committee meetings, it critically analyzes scope in three dimensions: jurisdiction (geography, sovereignty and relationships with other instruments, frameworks and bodies); subject matter (physical materials, sequence information, traditional knowledge, activities and exclusions); and temporal scope (including retrospectivity). The chapter analyzes the principles of ‘without prejudice’, ‘non-appropriation’, ‘due diligence’ and ‘not undermining’ in the treaty context. It concludes that the BBNJ Agreement has an expansive scope requiring clarification and calibration by treaty bodies for a common approach to implementation by Parties.
Traditional Knowledge Associated with Marine Genetic Resources in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Pena-Neira Sergio , Coelho Luciana Fernandes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter analyzes and interprets the current international legal discussions and regulations concerning traditional knowledge in the Agreement Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. The analysis focuses on how the agreement addresses traditional knowledge and those producing this kind of knowledge: indigenous peoples and local communities (distinguishing between them) exploring the state of the art in recognizing traditional knowledge across various areas of international law. Additionally, the chapter aims to provide an effective application of these rules by examining the relationship between the agreement and other treaties ruling traditional knowledge, elements of traditional knowledge, and the interpretation and implementation of Article 13 of the Agreement, which serves as the principal source of regulation. A case study is presented to illustrate this implementation. The interpretation is guided by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and other relevant international agreements concerning genetic resources.
Understanding Employee Involvement and Participation in Brunei Darussalam: A Public Sector Organisation Undergoing Change
Authors: Sumardi Wardah Azimah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most studies on employee involvement and participation, particularly those in Western Europe, North America, Britain and Japan, are conceived within a landscape that opens up the mechanism of giving employees a voice. By contrast, researchers have called for studies to look at developments in employee involvement and participation in limited or non-trade union settings in order to determine the route they follow and their implications. Addressing this call, this chapter presents an account of the development of employee involvement and participation in a public sector organisation in Brunei Darussalam, framed against the backdrop of organisational change—particularly in a system that offers minimal outlet for employees’ voice in its governance process, borne from an assertive government presence. Key findings reveal that employee involvement and participation in such a context could be interpreted as part of an efficiency control programme, which takes the form of managerial and operational-oriented processes and structures such as autonomous meetings and teamwork. Brunei is generally ruled by a strong sense of conformity and consensus in which human resource management practice in the public sector is shaped by general orders and state circulars that date to the early 1960s, covering key elements such as appointments, promotions, benefit entitlements, work etiquette and discipline. This practice seems to paint a picture of a system based on ‘unity’, where everyone allegedly strives jointly towards a common objective, following the leadership of an appointed manager or supervisor. Given such unitarist employment relations, employee involvement and participation in Brunei are primarily focused on fostering ideas to help improve organisational effectiveness rather than being about grievance procedures.
Brunei Darussalam’s Economic Diversification Drive: An Assessment of the Socioeconomic and Geopolitical Issues and Challenges. Overcoming Path Dependence?
Authors: Hashim Hafiizh , Druce Stephen C. , Julay Abdul Hai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter uses an institutionalist approach to present an assessment of the key issues Brunei Darussalam currently faces in relation to its pressing need for economic diversification. Given that institutional arrangements can hinder or enhance economic growth, the institutional approach has been central in explaining policies associated with economic growth and development in various countries. The approach also offers a wealth of literature that can be used to explain Brunei’s difficulties in reducing its long-standing dependency on hydrocarbons, the extent to which institutions play a role in its economic development and in understanding the complexity of Brunei’s political economy. The discussion does not claim to provide a solution to Brunei’s economic diversification problem but rather offers some contextualisation that can be of benefit to scholars and policymakers in understanding its symptoms. The chapter also addresses current geopolitical issues and the increasing interconnectivity between Brunei’s international relations and economic diversification as it attempts to attract more foreign direct investment.
Meeting the Skills Demands of Employers in Brunei Darussalam: Where Do the Youth Stand?
Authors: Hisa Adilah , Naqshbandi M. Muzamil , Mohiddin Fadzliwati 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To better understand how young people are progressing in meeting changing workplace demands, it is salient to probe the sentiments of employers who hold a fundamental role in youth employability. This chapter presents the main ingredients for enhancing employability from the perspective of employers in Brunei Darussalam. It specifically explores the fundamental employability skills needed by youth in the marketplace and their current potential in executing such skills from the employers’ standpoint. The discussion highlights key opportunities and provides recommendations to the relevant stakeholders about potential avenues to pursue in order to alleviate unemployment in Brunei. The findings enrich the extant literature by delivering empirical evidence on youth employability skills, a topic of significant interest and value to young job seekers. At the same time, the chapter provides insights for educators and practitioners to implement fruitful initiatives for managing unemployment in Brunei.
Wie lassen sich Hürden bei der Versorgung mit digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) überwinden? Eine Betrachtung des Patientenpfads bei unipolarer Depression
Authors: Schneider Brit S. , Koerber Florian , Kreuzenbeck Cordula C. J. , Brenner Sophie 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) können eine wichtige Rolle bei der Behandlung von unipolarer Depression spielen. In Deutschland ist der Bedarf hoch, jedoch nutzen weniger als 1 % der Patienten DiGA, was auf bestehende Hürden hinweist. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Zugangs- und Nutzungshürden auf dem Patientenpfad und diskutiert Lösungsansätze, um die Verbreitung und Nutzung digitaler Therapien zu verbessern.
Basierend auf der Nationalen VersorgungsLeitlinie (NVL) Unipolare Depression (2022) wurde ein Patientenpfad mit den Phasen „Entscheidung“, „Zugang“ und „Nutzung“ entwickelt. Anhand dieser Struktur wurden auf Basis aktueller Literatur bestehende Versorgungshürden identifiziert sowie Lösungsansätze abgeleitet. Die narrative Übersicht zeigt, dass verschiedene Faktoren den effektiven Einsatz von DiGA beeinträchtigen. In der Entscheidungsphase sind mangelndes Wissen über DiGA und fehlendes Vertrauen in ihre Wirksamkeit zentrale Herausforderungen. In der Zugangsphase stellen Datenschutzbedenken und bürokratische Hürden wesentliche Barrieren dar. Während der Nutzungsphase führen Schwierigkeiten bei der Anwendung und eine geringe Adhärenz zu einer eingeschränkten Wirksamkeit.
Um diese Hürden zu überwinden, werden mehrere Lösungsansätze vorgeschlagen. Eine umfassende Aufklärung über die Wirksamkeit digitaler Therapien könnte das Vertrauen in DiGA stärken. Verbesserungen in der Benutzerfreundlichkeit und eine stärkere Einbindung von Behandelnden könnten die Akzeptanz und Adhärenz erhöhen. Zudem könnten gezielte Schulungen für Fachkräfte und Patienten die Nutzung von DiGA fördern. Diese Erkenntnisse sind auch für andere Anwendungsbereiche digitaler Therapien relevant.
IDH-mutant astrocytomas with primitive neuronal component have a distinct methylation profile and a higher risk of leptomeningeal spread
Authors: Hinz Felix , Friedel Dennis , Korshunov Andrey , Ippen Franziska M. , Bogumil Henri , Banan Rouzbeh , Brandner Sebastian , Hasselblatt Martin , Boldt Henning B. , Dirse Vaidas , Dohmen Hildegard , Aronica Eleonora , Brodhun Michael , Broekman Marike L. D. , Capper David , Cherkezov Asan , Deng Maximilian Y. , van Dis Vera , Felsberg Jörg , Frank Stephan , French Pim J. , Gerlach Rüdiger , Göbel Kirsten , Goold Eric , Hench Jürgen , Kantelhardt Sven , Kohlhof-Meinecke Patricia , Krieg Sandro , Mawrin Christian , Morrison Gillian , Mühlebner Angelika , Ozduman Koray , Pfister Stefan M. , Poliani Pietro Luigi , Prinz Marco , Reifenberger Guido , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Sankowski Roman , Schrimpf Daniel , Sill Martin , Snuderl Matija , Verdijk Robert M. , Voisin Mathew R. , Wesseling Pieter , Wick Wolfgang , Reuss David E. , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , Maas Sybren L. N. , Suwala Abigail K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
IDH-mutant astrocytomas are diffuse gliomas that are defined by characteristic mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 and do not have complete 1p/19q co-deletion. The established grading criteria include histological features of brisk mitotic activity (grade 3) and necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation (grade 4). In addition, homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A/B locus has recently been implemented as a molecular marker for grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas. Here, we describe a subgroup of high-grade IDH-mutant astrocytomas characterised by a primitive neuronal component based on histology and a distinct DNA methylation profile (n = 51, ASTRO PNC). Misinterpretation as carcinoma metastasis was common, since GFAP expression was absent in the primitive neuronal component, whereas TTF-1 expression was detected in 15/19 cases (79%) based on immunohistochemistry. Apart from mutations in IDH1, TP53, and ATRX, we observed enrichment for alterations in RB1 (n = 19/51, 37%) and MYCN (n = 14/51, 27%). Homozygous CDKN2A/B deletion (n = 1/51, 2%) and CDK4 amplification (n = 3/51, 6%) were relatively rare events. Clinical (n = 31 patients) and survival data (n = 23 patients) indicate a clinical behaviour similar to other CNS WHO grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas, however with an increased risk for leptomeningeal (n = 7) and extra-axial (n = 2) spread. Taken together, ASTRO PNC is defined by a distinct molecular and histological appearance that can mimic metastatic disease and typically follows an aggressive clinical course.
Conservative treatment of knee arthrofibrosis according to a cellular cytokine-based model
Authors: Wakolbinger-Habel Robert , Gaudernak Jakob , Scheffold Brigitte Elisabeth , Fiala Rainer , Breuer Robert , Bittner-Frank Martin , Lang Clemens , Zehetner-Nics Helena , Oljaca Ana , Mousavi Mehdi , Paternostro-Sluga Tatjana 
Published: February 2025

Summary

Background
Arthrofibrosis (AF) is a relatively frequent complication after knee surgery, leading to painful limitation of joint mobility. Currently, intense stretching is performed in many patients, without improvements in mobility. A novel concept, established on a cellular, cytokine-based model, advocates to consider the warning function of pain and to terminate forced joint mobilization to disrupt the cycle of arthrofibrosis. Based on these findings, our clinic developed a comprehensive antifibrotic treatment protocol. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the patients treated so far.

Methods
Patients treated at the Clinic Donaustadt, an academic teaching hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, according to the clinic’s AF protocol, were evaluated by reviewing their records. Patellar mobility, range of motion, tightness, overheat, pain, general mobility, assistive devices, working status and the necessity of additional surgery were assessed at baseline, after 2 months and after 12 months (follow-up).

Results
Four patients were treated according to the AF protocol. After two months, patellar mobility and range of motion clearly increased in three out of four patients. At the follow-up examination, patella mobility further increased, extension was complete, flexion at least 120°, and symptoms such as tightness, overheating, nocturnal pain and pain after activity had disappeared in three out of four patients. None of the patients had analgesics or walking aids and three out of four patients had returned to work. Out of the four patients, three expressed high satisfaction with the AF protocol and reported no limitations in daily life, including recreational activities.

Conclusion
Based on this pilot evaluation, the comprehensive conservative AF program seems to have high potential. Therefore, larger future studies should be conducted to validate this concept.
Multi-modal consistent loss diffusion model for Sentinel-3 single image super resolution
Authors: Ibañez Damian , Fernandez-Beltran Ruben , Pla Filiberto , Yokoya Naoto , Xia Junshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the context of Earth observation, the trade-off between spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution often limits the versatility of remote sensing images in many important applications. In response, this paper introduces a novel deep learning diffusion model, specifically tailored to improve the spatial resolution of the optical products acquired by the Sentinel-3 (S3) satellite. Our framework employs a diffusion probabilistic model, benefiting from the higher spatial resolution of the Sentinel-2 satellite during training via a new multi-modal loss formulation. This ensures consistency with the original S3 images while enhancing the spatial details. Two distinct conditional low-resolution encoders were experimented with, providing insights into their respective contributions to the diffusion process. The efficacy of the proposed model is demonstrated through extensive ablation studies and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods, using both synthetic and real S3 products. The findings indicate that our model successfully improves spatial resolution while maintaining the integrity of the spectral information, contributing to the field of remote sensing single-image super-resolution.
Hydrogeological analysis of topography-driven groundwater flow in a low temperature geothermal aquifer system in the Julian Alps, Slovenia
Authors: Serianz Luka , Markelj Anže , Rman Nina , Brenčič Mihael , Mádl-Szőnyi Judit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Groundwater flow and heat distribution was investigated in the regional karstic-fissured aquifer-aquitard system near Lake Bled in the Slovenian, eastern Julian Alps. The area features thermal springs with temperatures of 19–23 °C which are exploited by abstraction wells. The occurrence of low-temperature geothermal systems, which are common in the Alps, are associated with specific hydrogeological conditions, such as vertical hydraulic connectivity between different geological formations, relatively large elevation differences along flow paths, and the concentrated upwelling of geothermal water to the surface. The occurrence of the low-temperature geothermal field is explained by the presence of a hydraulically conductive fault along with a regional groundwater flow pattern that supports deep groundwater circulation. Hydraulic measurements and temperature data were collected from springs and wells in the area to support the analysis of flow patterns, together with the construction of a basin-scale 2D numerical flow and heat transport simulation. The diverse topographic and geological conditions result in a multi-scale groundwater flow system. The discharge of thermal waters in the Lake Bled area is a consequence of the upwelling of deep groundwater induced by a combination of the ~ 650 m difference in hydraulic head and hydrogeological heterogeneity and anisotropy, related to faulting of the geological formations. In addition, individual flow subsystems were found to significantly affect the natural heat distribution and travel times within the basin-scale system. The study highlights the combination of a basin scale approach taking into consideration local to regional-scale heterogeneities and faults in order to better understand the hydrogeological behaviour of Alpine groundwater systems.