bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bootstrapping methods applied for simulating laboratory works
Authors: Prodan Augustin , Campean Remus 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe aim of this work is to implement bootstrapping methods into software tools, based on Java.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a category of software e‐tools aimed at simulating laboratory works and experiments.FindingsBoth students and teaching staff use traditional statistical methods to infer the truth from sample data gathered in laboratory experiments. However, the repeated laboratory experiments mean the consumption of a great deal of substances and reactants. At the same time, there are some ethically motivated reasons to reduce the number of animals used in experimentation. Using a bootstrapping tool and computer power, the experimenter can repeat the original experiment on computer, obtaining pseudo‐data as plausible as those obtained from the original experiment.Originality/valueProvides data on implementing bootstrapping methods into software e‐tools, simulating laboratory experiments in didactic and research activities.
Examining effective and ineffective transformational project leadership
Authors: Strang Kenneth David 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to examine effective and ineffective leader behaviors from direct participant observations in several cases of a large multiyear cross‐industry international research project to prove the hypothesis that effective team performance management requires strong transformational leadership.Design/methodology/approachTransformational and charismatic leadership theories are briefly discussed from management science to explain how their principles can apply to and be analyzed in the project domain and other fields. Several popular and proven group leader behavior measurement constructs are discussed to show how they can be applied for assessing group leader behavior in any field. Two flexible taxonomies are built for assisting in quantitatively and qualitatively explaining stakeholder perceptions of group leader behaviors and team performance. Four theoretically sampled case studies are analyzed. The taxonomies are analyzed quantitatively and the results are qualitatively evaluated.FindingsThe structured research illuminated that both effective and absent transformational leadership behaviors were practiced (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation), which can go unnoticed and un‐reflected in the everyday pandemonium of busy project schedules, competing values, and organizational crises, yet in retrospect, these results show that passive or absent leadership is noticed by the team members and sponsors; moreover it negatively impacts on both project effectiveness and stakeholder satisfaction!Research limitations/implicationsLeaders, team members, stakeholders, and managers benefit from understanding transformational leadership, since it supports better human relations and organizational change. These cases show that effective team performance can result in minimal application of transformational leadership behaviors as long as they are not absent when required, and positive (not negative such as micro‐management).Originality/valueThis research suggests that leader behavior is complex since it is situational, supported by multiple and concurrent leadership and trait theories, as well as partly driven by dominant personality.
Information technology, human relations and knowledge work teams
Authors: Pyöriä Pasi 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe paper aims to serve as a reminder of the fact that informal organizational culture remains the foundation of healthy and productive work environments.Design/methodology/approachFirst, Elton Mayo's classic contribution to organization studies is brought to the reader's attention. Mayo was among the first scholars to assess empirically the importance of teamworking. Second, more recent studies are reviewed. The review highlights the value of collaborative problem solving among knowledge workers, i.e. experts whose job requires a high level of formal education, symbolic skills and the use of information technology (IT) in supporting their decision‐making process.FindingsThe review indicates that, contrary to an all‐too‐common belief, IT bears little direct relevance to knowledge workers' performance. However, if used properly, it can indirectly contribute to creating more space for interpersonal interaction by eliminating routine communication. In its essence, modern IT simply continues the long trend of the automation and mechanization of work.Originality/valueThe review suggests that existing knowledge about human behavior is far less than adequately applied. Therefore, the paper encourages managers to pay less attention to the latest technology and more attention to human relations.
Barnyard democracy in the workplace
Authors: Brotheridge Céleste M. , Keup Linda 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to illustrate the interesting parallels that exist between the social behavior of farm animals and work‐teams as a means of offering a novel point of view from which to understand teams.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical literature on the social behavior of farm animals is used as a starting‐point to identify the key factors that generate instability in social relationships and, as a result, demonstrate the existence of a dominance hierarchy. These factors are then analyzed in the context of the equivalent workplace literature in the areas of teamwork, bullying, and democracy.FindingsThere may be more of a connection between democracy in a barn and in a workplace than most people think. Both farm animals and humans have a tendency to form fairly stable social structures characterized by a dominance hierarchy in which there is: an established pecking order, differential access to resources; hazing of new members; penalties for non‐conformance; and a lack of personal space.Practical implicationsThese factors contribute to instability in social relationships in the workplace and serve as potential explanations for the extent of aggression and incivility seen in today's organizations. Team leaders should pay attention to the markers of a dominance hierarchy and attempt to involve employees in democratic, participative work processes.Originality/valueTeam leaders will find this paper an unusual but effective way of considering how their teams are functioning.
Coaching, culture and leadership
Authors: Lloyd Bruce 
Published: July 2005

PurposePhilippe Rosinski, author of Coaching across Cultures (Nicholas Brealey, 2003) talks to Bruce Lloyd, Professor of Strategic Management, London South Bank University about the themes of coaching, culture and leadership.Design/methodology/approachInterview format.FindingsThe interview reveals the importance of purpose and meaning; the growing pressure on traditional hierarchical structures; parenting skills and the changing characteristics of a good coach?Originality/valueDiscusses ways of optimising coaching potential and proposes methods of practical coaching training.
Re‐defining careers in education
Authors: Rippon Janice H. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo introduce the concept of diverse career cultures in the education system and to consider how these impact on individual career investment and attempts to modernise the teaching profession internationally.Design/methodology/approachA life history approach was used to determine the career environment of teachers, setting career theories and career policy against the lived experiences of a group of educationalists. The interaction of the structural, cultural and individual dimensions of career has been analysed using grounded theory to determine the emerging cultural themes.FindingsTwo distinct career cultures have emerged over time influencing how teachers perceive their work. Each career culture determines the career investment pattern of individuals regardless of the structural career promoted. For most teachers, a secure career culture is the dominant influence on career decision‐making despite the existence of a subordinate investment culture, more common to careers outside the education field.Research limitations/implicationsThe concept of career culture should be explored with larger groups of teachers internationally and compared against other major occupational groups.Practical implicationsAn investment career culture should be encouraged by re‐defining the modern career, the motivations of its members and the career sites open to them to promote diverse models of career investment.Originality/valueThis paper challenges the assumptions in current education policy that current structural changes will modernise the teaching career by looking at the subjective dimension of careers with potential recruits, existing educationalists and policy‐makers.
Who wants to be a mentor? An examination of attitudinal, instrumental, and social motivational components
Authors: Van Emmerik Hetty , Gayle Baugh S. , Euwema Martin C. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis study investigates the influence of affective organizational commitment, career aspirations, and networking activities on propensity to mentor (serving as a mentor and desiring to become a mentor).Design/methodology/approachData from websurveys of 262 managerial employees of a Dutch bank are analyzed using logistic regression.FindingsResults indicate that affective organizational commitment is unrelated to propensity to mentor, whereas career aspirations are positively related, and networking activities are negatively related to serving as a mentor, but not desiring to be a mentor.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by its reliance on self‐report data and the Dutch culture may have influenced the results of the study to an unknown degree.Practical implicationsResults of this study suggest that employees volunteering to be a mentor are clearly ambitious in terms of their own career, but are not necessarily highly committed to their organization nor do they perform exemplary behaviors in terms of extra role behavior or networking.Originality/valueIndividuals are more likely to engage in mentoring activities and to desire to become a mentor if they have high career aspirations. This relationship may be the result of an instrumental perspective on the part of the mentor, who sees developing a cadre of loyal and supportive organizational members as having a positive effect on his or her own career advancement.
Evidence that the recessive bymovirus resistance locus rym4 in barley corresponds to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E gene
Authors: KANYUKA KONSTANTIN , DRUKA ARNIS , CALDWELL DAVID G. , TYMON ANNA , MCCALLUM NICOLA , WAUGH ROBBIE , ADAMS MICHAEL J. 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYRecent studies have shown that resistance in several dicotyledonous plants to viruses in the genus Potyvirus is controlled by recessive alleles of the plant translation initiation factor eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E genes. Here we provide evidence that the barley rym4 gene locus, controlling immunity to viruses in the genus Bymovirus, corresponds to eIF4E. A molecular marker based on the sequence of eIF4E was developed and used to demonstrate that eIF4E and rym4 map to the same genetic interval on chromosome 3HL in barley. Another genetic marker was developed that detects a polymorphism in the coding sequence of eIF4E and consistently distinguishes between rym4 and susceptible barley cultivars of diverse parentage. The eIF4E gene product from barley genotypes carrying rym4 and allelic rym5 and rym6 genes, originating from separate exotic germplasm, and a novel resistant allele that we identified through a reverse genetics approach all contained unique amino acid substitutions compared with the wild‐type protein. Three‐dimensional models of the barley eIF4E protein revealed that the polymorphic residues identified are all located at or near the mRNA cap‐binding pocket, similarly to recent findings from studies on recessive potyvirus resistance in dicotyledonous plants. These new data complement our earlier observations that specific mutations in bymovirus VPg are responsible for overcoming rym4/5‐controlled resistance. Because the potyviral VPg is known to interact with eIF4E in dicotyledonous plants, it appears that monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants have evolved a similar strategy to combat VPg‐encoding viruses in the family Potyviridae.
Overview and analysis of the polyprotein cleavage sites in the family Potyviridae
Authors: ADAMS MICHAEL J. , ANTONIW JOHN F. , BEAUDOIN FREDERIC 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYThe genomes of plant viruses in the family Potyviridae encode large polyproteins that are cut by virus‐encoded proteases into ten mature proteins. Three different types of protease have been identified, each of which cuts at sites with a distinctive sequence pattern. The experimental evidence for this specificity is reviewed and the cleavage site patterns are compiled for all sequenced species within the family. Seven of the nine cleavage sites in each species are cut by the viral NIa‐Pro and patterns around these sites are related where possible to the active site–substrate interactions recently deduced following the resolution of the crystal structure of Tobacco etch virus (TEV) NIa‐Pro (Phan et al., 2002. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 50564–50572). In particular, a revised series of cleavage sites for Sweet potato mild mottle virus (genus Ipomovirus) is proposed with a conserved His at the P1 position. This is supported by homology modelling studies using the TEV structure as a template. The data also provide a standard to correct the annotation of some other published sequences and to help predict these sites in further virus sequences as they become available. Comprehensive data for all sequences of each virus in the family, together with some summaries, have been made available at http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/ppi/links/pplinks/potycleavage/index.html.
Pregnancy and its management in the Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative diseases
Authors: Harrison Claire 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs) present several therapeutic challenges in patients of childbearing potential. The most extensive literature exists for patients with essential thrombocythaemia, with over 200 pregnancies reported in retrospective case series. Yet there is conflicting data in relation to predicting pregnancy outcome and optimal management strategy. Pregnancy is less frequently reported for polycythaemia vera and myelofibrosis. There is a need for collaboration to further our knowledge in this field. Here, the literature is reviewed in detail and experience of different therapeutic strategies in pregnancy discussed. There is increasing understanding about the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction in inherited thrombophilia and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome pregnancy outcomes in these conditions parallel those reported for MPDs. Furthermore several large studies have influenced pregnancy management in these conditions and, whilst not directly applicable to MPDs, this data have potential to inform treatment protocols. This data are reviewed and a personal management strategy for pregnancy in MPD proposed.
Prognostic relevance of ‘early‐onset’ graft‐versus‐host disease following non‐myeloablative haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Mielcarek Marco , Burroughs Lauri , Leisenring Wendy , Diaconescu Razvan , Martin Paul J. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Maloney David G. , Maris Michael B. , Chauncey Thomas R. , Shizuru Judith A. , Blume Karl G. , Hegenbart Ute , Niederwieser Dietger , Forman Stephen , Bruno Benedetto , Woolfrey Ann , Storb Rainer 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe retrospectively analysed outcomes among 395 patients with haematologic malignancies who underwent non‐myeloablative haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched related (n = 297) or unrelated donors (n = 98) in order to identify a possible correlation between the time of onset of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and survival. The non‐myeloablative regimen consisted of 2 Gy total body irradiation with or without fludarabine, followed by postgrafting immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine. The cumulative incidences of grades II–IV acute GVHD and extensive chronic GVHD were 45% and 47%, respectively, with related donors, and 68% and 68%, respectively, with unrelated donors. High‐dose corticosteroid treatment for acute or chronic GVHD was started at a median of 79 (range, 8–799) days and 30 (range, 5–333) days after transplantation from related and unrelated donors respectively. With related donors, the cumulative incidence of non‐relapse mortality among patients with GVHD was 55% at 4 years when prednisone was started before day 50 (n = 72), compared with 29% when treatment was started after day 50 (n = 115) (P < 0·001). With unrelated donors, time to onset of treatment for GVHD was not associated with survival. Patients with early‐onset GVHD after non‐myeloablative HCT from HLA‐identical related donors might benefit from intensified primary immunosuppressive treatment.
Prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia admitted to intensive care
Authors: Rabbat Antoine , Chaoui Driss , Montani David , Legrand Ollivier , Lefebvre Aurélie , Rio Bernard , Roche Nicolas , Lorut Christine , Marie Jean‐Pierre , Huchon Gérard 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis retrospective study assessed the prognostic factors associated with early and long‐term outcome in consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) over a 9‐year period. A total of 83 patients were studied (age 48 ± 16 years), among whom 60% were neutropenic on admission. For 68%, admission occurred within the first month following diagnosis of AML. The main reason for ICU admission was an acute respiratory disease in 82% of cases. Mechanical ventilation (MV) was required in 57% of patients. In‐ICU mortality was 34%. Among patients discharged alive from ICU, 49% died within a year after discharge. Factors significantly associated with in‐ICU death in multivariate analysis were simplified acute physiology score II and need for invasive MV (IMV). Age, performance status, AML3 subtype and complete remission were significantly associated with 1‐year survival. Patients with acute respiratory failure initially supported with non‐invasive MV had significantly better ICU outcome than patients initially supported with IMV. In conclusion, ICU admission is justified for selected patients with AML. The ICU mortality rate is highly predictable by the acute illness severity score. A 1‐year survival is predicted by haematological prognostic factors.
Targeting primary human leukaemia cells with RNA interference: Bcr‐Abl targeting inhibits myeloid progenitor self‐renewal in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Withey Jane ME , Marley Stephen B , Kaeda Jaspal , Harvey Amanda J , Crompton Mark R , Gordon Myrtle Y 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe have investigated functional outcome of challenging primary chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells with Bcr‐Abl fusion sequence‐directed RNA interference (RNAi). We targeted the Bcr‐Abl b3a2 variant, by RNAi, in primary chronic phase CML cells, and detected strikingly reduced proliferation of myeloid precursor cells expressing this variant. Lack of an effect in cells expressing a distinct Bcr‐Abl variant confirmed the specificity of the response. Through the functional targeting of an oncogene in primary human tumour cells, we have demonstrated that Bcr‐Abl enhances CML progenitor cell amplification, and that RNAi may be suitable for development as a specific anti‐leukaemia treatment.
Resolving and classifying haematopoietic bone‐marrow cell populations by multi‐dimensional analysis of flow‐cytometry data
Authors: Zamir Eli , Geiger Benjamin , Cohen Nir , Kam Zvi , Katz Ben‐Zion 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe study of normal or malignant haematopoiesis requires the analysis of heterogeneous cell populations using multiple morphological and molecular criteria. Flow cytometry has the capacity to acquire multi‐parameter information of large haematopoietic cell populations, utilizing various combinations of >200 molecular markers (clusters of differentiation, CD). However, current flow cytometry analyses are based on serial gating of two‐parametric scatter plots – a process that is inherently incapable to discriminate all subgroups of cells in the data. Here we studied the cellular diversity of normal bone marrows (BM) using multi‐dimensional cluster analysis of six‐parametric flow cytometry data (four CD, forward scatter and side scatter), focusing mainly on the myeloid lineage. Twenty‐three subclasses of cells were resolved, many of them inseparable even when examined in all possible two‐parametric scatter plots. The multi‐dimensional analysis could distinguish the haematopoietic progenitors according to International Society of Haematotherapy and Graft Engineering criteria from other types of immature cells. Based on the defined clusters, we designed a classifier that assigns BM cells in samples to subclasses based on robust six‐dimensional position and extended shape. The analysis presented here can manage successfully both the increasing numbers of haematopoietic cellular markers and sample heterogeneity. This should enhance the ability to study normal haematopoiesis, and to identify and monitor haematopoietic disorders.
Identification of DKC1 gene mutations in Japanese patients with X‐linked dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Kanegane Hirokazu , Kasahara Yoshihito , Okamura Jun , Hongo Teruaki , Tanaka Rieko , Nomura Keiko , Kojima Seiji , Miyawaki Toshio 
Published: July 2005

SummaryDyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited multisystem disorder characterized by the triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and mucosal leucoplakia. X‐linked recessive inheritances are recognized in approximately 40% of the patients. DKC1 has been identified as the gene responsible for X‐linked DC, and genetic analyses have been performed in a worldwide study. Here, we performed genetic analysis of five Japanese patients with presumed X‐linked DC, and identified four mutations in the DKC1 gene, including two novel missense mutations (Q31K and T357A). Such genetic analysis is useful for the definite diagnosis and genetic counselling of patients.
Fusion hybrids of dendritic cells and autologous myeloid blasts as a potential cellular vaccine for acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Klammer M. , Waterfall M. , Samuel K. , Turner M. L. , Roddie P. H. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe assessed the potential of tumour cell/dendritic cell fusion hybrids to generate in vitro anti‐leukaemic T‐cell responses following co‐culture with autologous remission lymphocytes in six patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Comparison was made to anti‐leukaemic responses induced by mature dendritic cells (mDC) co‐cultured with autologous, irradiated myeloid blasts. Fusion hybrids induced anti‐leukaemic T‐cell immune responses in three of six patients. Tumour‐pulsed mDC induced T‐cellular responses in two other patients. Only one of six patients remission lymphocytes failed to develop leukaemia‐directed immune responses following stimulation with either construct. Anti‐proliferative properties of fusion hybrids against allogeneic lymphocytes were observed in mixed lymphocyte‐leukaemia reactions and were found not to be specific to the cell fusion partners and did not prevent the ability of AML–mDC heterokaryons to induce autologous anti‐leukaemic cytotoxicity. We conclude that tumour cell/dendritic cell fusion hybrids hold promise as a cellular vaccine for AML.