bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the generalization of patient non-specific model for epileptic seizure detection
Authors: Sigsgaard Gustav Munk , Gu Ying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy is the second most common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures. Accurate seizure detection is important for diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Many researches achieved good performance on patient-specific seizure detection. However, they were tailored to each specific individual which are less applicable clinically than the patient non-specific detection, which lacked good performance. Despite several decades of research on automatic seizure detection, seizure detection is currently still based on visual inspection of video-EEG (Electroencephalogram) in clinical setting. It is time consuming and prone to human error and subjectivity. This study aims to improve patient non-specific seizure detection to assist neurologist with efficient and objective evaluation of epileptic EEG. The clinical data used was from the open access Siena Scalp EEG Database which consists of 14 patients. First the data were pre-processed to remove artifacts and noises. Second the features from time domain, frequency domain and entropy were extracted from each channel and then concatenated into a feature vector. Finally, a machine learning approach based on random forest was employed for seizure detection with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation scheme. Automatic seizure detection was carried out with the trained model. The study achieved a specificity of 99.38%, sensitivity of 81.43% and 3.61 FP/h (False Positives per hour), which outperformed some other patient non-specific detectors found in literature. The findings from the study shows the possibility of clinical application of automatic seizure detection and indicate that further work should focus on dealing with reducing false positives.
Verification of continuous-variable quantum memories
Authors: Abiuso Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A proper quantum memory is argued to consist in a quantum channel which cannot be simulated with a measurement followed by classical information storage and a final state preparation, i.e. with an entanglement breaking (EB) channel. The verification of quantum memories (non-EB channels) is a task in which an honest user wants to test the quantum memory of an untrusted, remote provider. This task is inherently suited for the class of protocols with trusted quantum inputs, sometimes called measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocols. Here, we study the MDI certification of non-EB channels in continuous variable (CV) systems. We provide a simple witness based on adversarial metrology, and describe an experimentally friendly protocol that can be used to verify all non Gaussian incompatibility breaking quantum memories. Our results can be tested with current technology and can be applied to test other devices resulting in non-EB channels, such as CV quantum transducers and transmission lines.
Immune microenvironment of intimal sarcomas: Adaptive immune resistance with potential therapeutic implications
Authors: Birkness-Gartman Jacqueline E , Thomas Dwayne L , Engle Logan L , Voltaggio Lysandra , Thompson Elizabeth D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Intimal sarcomas are rare, aggressive neoplasms that arise from large blood vessels. Characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment may suggest new treatment strategies.

Methods
Seventeen specimens from 7 patients were labeled by immunohistochemistry for programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD45, CD8, CD4, FOXP3, CD20, CD68, and LAG3. The immune cell density was scored as a percentage of the tumor area (1+ [&lt;5%], 2+ [5%-50%], 3+ [&gt;50%]); PD-L1 expression was scored on tumor cells and on intratumoral immune cells. Immune marker density was quantified using image analysis software.

Results
All intimal sarcomas showed immune cell infiltration (41% were 1+, 53% were 2+, 6% were 3+). Tumor and immune cell PD-L1 labeling was seen in 35% and 76% of cases, respectively; PD-L1+ intimal sarcomas had higher CD45+, CD8+, FOXP3+, CD68+, and leukocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3)+ cell densities (P ≤ .01). Similarly, PD-L1 expression on immune cells correlated with higher densities of CD8+ and FOXP3+ cells (P &lt; .04). Higher LAG3+ cell density correlated with higher CD68+ cell density and necrosis (P &lt; .05). One patient with prolonged survival had the highest immune cell density and PD-L1 expression.

Conclusions
These data show that intimal sarcomas have an active tumor microenvironment with an adaptive pattern of PD-L1 expression. Our results suggest that immunotherapy may be an effective treatment option.
The importance of fetal autopsy: An institutional review and development of best practices for reporting size and estimating gestational age at demise
Authors: Doughty Elizabeth S , Verilhac Kimi N , McLaren Sterling , Post Miriam D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Fetal and neonatal autopsy offers critical insight into disease processes and clinical decision-making in reproductive medicine. Elucidating the cause of death and gaining a deeper understanding of the entities leading to fetal demise aids in anticipatory guidance for physicians and patients. Accurate assessment of growth and dating of fetuses is an important aspect of classifying pathology in the fetal and neonatal population. This study aims to optimize the autopsy approach to sizing and dating discrepancies, in addition to exploring the current trends in causes of stillbirth, with respect to placental, fetal/neonatal, and maternal factors, and rates of cases that remain undetermined after autopsy.

Methods
A single-institution retrospective review of autopsy reports from mid-2008 through 2021 revealed 243 complete perinatal autopsy examinations.

Results
Placental cause of demise was identified in 46% of cases. Cause of demise was undetermined in 22% of cases. Evaluation of a subset of cases exposed minimal to no reporting of size and/or dating discrepancies in almost half of cases with undetermined cause of death.

Conclusions
“Best practice” suggestions for sizing and dating fetuses/neonates in the postmortem period have been developed to aid in delivering clear, consistent reports. Because fetal and neonatal autopsy is an invaluable tool for understanding the factors that contribute to stillbirth, it is important to use appropriate sizing and dating methods and consistent language to deliver proper patient education and clinical guidance.
Building communities of health: the experience of European social clinics
Authors: Da Mosto Delia , Vallerani Sara , Kokkinidis George , Checchi Marco , Giaimo Silvia , Adami Elisa , Mammana Leonardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social clinics are grassroots health initiatives characterized by the development of mutualist practices of healthcare provision and the articulation of their action at territorial and community level. The present paper explores the development and implementation of community participation practices across three social clinics in Europe: social clinic of solidarity KIA in Greece, Village2Santé in France, and Microclinica Fatih in Italy. Drawing on findings collected through qualitative methods, our paper reflects on three overlapping themes of community participation highlighting its collective and eminently political character. Inspired by the frameworks of health promotion, comprehensive Primary Health Care and community development, we analyze three levels of community participation in the social clinics: participatory medical practices, the co-creation of health services, and the connection with broader social movements. Our paper contributes to the literature on community development by stressing the urge to reimagine the principles and practices of community participation through the creation of alternative forms of organizing and of radical empowerment. At the same time, it can inspire practitioners in experimenting with community participation initiatives from a more critical perspective, resisting the worst elements of neoliberalism.
A community-based study to set the policy agenda for the well-being of 2GSBTQ+ men in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Vo Tin D , McKenzie Cameron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two-Spirit, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (2SGBTQ+) men face significant health inequity. This article reports on two phases of a study conducted in conjunction with the Gay Men’s Sexual Health Alliance (GMSH) to examine 2SGBTQ+ men’s health inequity. First, an environmental scan of existing Ontario government health policy was conducted to identify specific gaps. Second, six focus groups of GMSH Alliance members (n = 21) were conducted to understand the impact of policy gaps and identify potential strategies to address them from the community’s perspective. We argue that to meet the wellness needs of the community, community development and healthy public policies are appropriate strategies. The environmental scan confirmed that there is currently very limited policy content specific to 2SGBTQ+ men’s wellness and mental health. Data from focus groups were consistent with the scan. GMSH Alliance members struggled to serve their community in the absence of sufficient resources. Participants also expressed an interest in advocacy, but they felt that they lacked the skills to do so. It is clear that 2SGBTQ+ men face population-specific health risks, and much work is needed to advocate for 2SGBTQ+-centred well-being policy. Future work should develop a policy that focuses on addressing many of the issues raised in this research, while also contributing to the achievement of health equity for 2SGBTQ+ men.
Community development and health promotion in contemporary policy: results from an action-research project in bologna (Italy)
Authors: Bodini Chiara , Consoloni Martina , D’Avanzo Valerio , Da Mosto Delia , Gerotto Sara , Giaimo Silvia , Girardi Francesca , Mammana Leonardo , Riccio Martina , Valoncini Matteo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bologna, Italy, with its history of good governance, progressive welfare policies, community work, and participation has engendered powerful discourses informing policy and institutional innovation. Yet, a recent city-wide mixed-method action-research (AR) project, designed to document and tackle health inequalities, showed a significant North–South divide for a range of health indicators and an unequal distribution of social determinants of health across the most socio-economically deprived city areas. The AR project also examined the potential of the city’s initiatives for community development and health promotion in addressing health inequalities.
In this paper, we focus on a recent institutional innovation called ‘Uffici reti e lavoro di comunità’ (Network and community work units, NCWUs), established by the Bologna municipality in 2016 to promote the decentralization of powers, strengthen community networks, and foster the engagement of citizen organizations in taking care of the material and social living environment. The results of the AR project indicate that the NCWUs, whilst not designed as a policy initiative to reduce (health) inequalities, have a potential to do so by supporting more effective community action to address the determinants driving those inequalities. Through a critical re-thinking of the concepts of power and participation, they also suggest promising directions to overcome some of the limitations of community development approaches in contributing towards greater well-being and equity for people and communities, underlining local learning which could be applied across different geographies nationally and internationally.
Legal: The Freezing of the Russian Central Bank’s Assets
Authors: Moiseienko Anton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The freezing of the Russian Central Bank’s (CBR) foreign currency reserves in the aftermath of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has been unparalleled in terms of the amounts involved and the swiftness of its international coordination. Despite the scepticism in some quarters of unilateral sanctions writ large, the key issue under international law is the compatibility of such measures with state immunity. Specifically, two questions arise. The first one is whether the law of state immunity allows for executive, as opposed to judicial, freezing of central bank property. The second one is whether, even if such measures were otherwise in breach of international law, circumstances precluding wrongfulness nonetheless render them lawful. As this article shows, the answer to the first question is finely balanced, but it is virtually certain that the ongoing attachment of the CBR’s assets constitutes lawful countermeasures.
Timing and treatment strategies according to SCAI classification in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Masiero Giulia , Thiele Holger , Iannaccone Mario , Schrage Benedikt , Hassager Christian , Woitek Felix , Chieffo Alaide , Møller Jacob Eifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), particularly those with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), evidence suggests that timely diagnosis and treatment interventions are critical in the prevention of haemo-metabolic compromise. Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) has shown potential in facilitating revascularization and recovery of patients with acute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). Timing of treatment strategies for CS patients needs to be optimized for use of tMCS devices that are applicable to this heterogeneous patient population. Here, the latest evidence as well as the gaps in knowledge surrounding the role of time in the management of patients with CS is summarized.
A theoretical study of epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord
Authors: Coburn B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Barry Coburn unfortunately died while he was still working on a chapter dealing with computer modelling of the spinal cord. He was a close colleague whose work added a new dimension to spinal cord stimulation. The following chapter is based on two papers which he published with Wing Kee Sin in the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.* This work is reproduced with permission of Dr Wing Kee Sin and the editors of IEEE Transactions.
Conditioning of skeletal muscle by long term functional electrical stimulation–implications for the development of practical systems
Authors: Swain I D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The technique of electrical stimulation of muscle is not new. As long ago as 400 BC the torpedo fish and rubbed amber were used to treat a wide range of conditions from headaches to asthma. However, it is only over the last 30 years that the term ‘functional’ electrical stimulation (FES) could be applied to the technique. This is largely due to the great advances in electronics that have occurred over that period, and today it is possible to build small multichannel stimulators to control up to 64 different muscles. Despite this potential, the number of people benefiting from FES is small and the number using complete systems on a daily basis is even less. It is only over the past two or three years that practical systems, suitable for use in the community, have been developed. It is comparatively simple to build a stimulator with sufficient output to enable a person with paraplegia to stand in the laboratory. However, it is a much harder problem to develop a system to enable that same person to stand safely, on demand, in a variety of locations without professional supervision.
Sacral electrical stimulation for bladder control
Authors: Talalla Andrew , Bloom Joseph W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The act of micturition involves structures and mechanisms of differing muscle characteristics, innervation, and neuropharmacological modulation. Functional reciprocity between these components enables the forces of urinary expulsion to co-ordinate with the forces of continence with perfect timing to enable the deceptively simple act of micturition. Many elements of this exquisitely organized functional system are still poorly understood.
Spinal cord stimulation for pain
Authors: Illis L S , Krainick J -U 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rationale for the use of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of pain arose from the gate theory of the control of pain proposed by Melzack and Wall (1965). Although their original theory was controversial and was subsequently modified, it has proved enormously fruitful in the area of pain research both from the point of view of pain relief in man and for the elucidation of pain mechanisms. The experimental findings of spinal cord stimulation are dealt with in more detail in Chapter 1. However, it is relevant to mention here some of the animal work relating to pain mechanisms. Single-pulse dorsal column stimulation produces inhibition of dorsal horn neurons lasting for up to 100 mseconds and is probably segmental, since rostral block and cord section does not influence the inhibition (Hillman and Wall 1969; Handwerker et al. 1975). These presumed segmental mechanisms may interact with long proprio-spinal circuits and descending cerebro-spinal systems to produce longer-lasting inhibition.
Biochemical changes in relation to spinal cord and deep brain stimulation
Authors: Venn Richard F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This review concentrates on reports in the literature of the biochemical changes elicited by spinal cord stimulation. However, reports on deep brain stimulation are also included when particularly relevant, as are some results from electroconvulsive shock (ECS), an extreme form of stimulation which has been much investigated from the biochemical viewpoint. Included in the term spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is the more specific dorsal column stimulation (DCS) used to describe stimulation, usually by an array of electrodes, of the dorsal columns over a length of spinal cord. Whether in fact DCS is more specific in effect than SCS, or whether the difference is more semantic than real is perhaps questionable.
The effect of dopaminergic and serotonergic agents on the lordosis response in female rats
Authors: Ahlenius Sven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dorsiflexion of the back of the female rat in response to male mounting, the lordosis reflex, is the most clear expression of sexual behaviour in the female. In addition to this, the female solicits male sexual activity by distinct presenting postures, ‘darting’ and ‘hopping’, accompanied by wiggling of the ears. The receptive female is also characterized by olfactory, and possibly also auditory, cues (see, for example, Bermant 1967; Pfaff et al. 1973). Under laboratory conditions, however, appetitive aspects of the behaviour are not allowed to play normally. The mating test is a well directed performance on a small stage with prepared actors given several rehearsals. Thus, the copulatory performance is in focus not necessarily because of a higher a priori interest, or validity of the observations for sexual functions generally, but because of its greater accessibility and reliability-to the extent that it has often been used as a model for studies on mammalian brain-behaviour relationships (see Pfaff 1989).
Antihypertensive medication and sexual problems
Authors: Huws Rhodri 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Over the past twenty years the mortality has been dropping due to a combination of early detection, improved treatment, and a general change in lifestyle. It is more common in men, with the incidence increasing with age, but in women the increase starts at the menopause. Certain factors lead to an increased risk of disease and some of these are amenable to modification (Levy and Kannel 1988). Hypertension is a risk factor, with an increased risk even with blood pressure that would be considered in the upper limit of the normal range. Other risk factors include cigarette smoking, obesity, and a high level of cholesterol. These risk factors are cumulative, with a low incidence of cardiovascular disease in their absence.
Continuous Measurement Of Self-Report Emotional Response To Music
Authors: Schubert Emery 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By definition music requires time to happen.Many styles of music also express or evoke different emotions as time unfolds. Logically, it follows that to understand the relationship between music and emotion, psychologists need to investigate their time-varying relationships. It is therefore surprising to find that the study of continuous self-reported emotion in music is less than 20 years old. Continuous response tools measure selfreported emotional responses during the listening process and help researchers to better understand the moment-to-moment fluctuations in responses that traditional ‘asynchronous’ approaches cannot. The approach means that the music does not need to be broken into small portions to enable lucid response, nor does the listener have to compress their response by giving an overall impression at the end of the excerpt. A more realistic listening experience is possible. This ‘realism’ (Hargreaves 1986, p. 105) contributes to the ecological validity of experimental design at the expense of experimental control.
The birth of a word
Authors: Taylor Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term ‘brainwashing’ was born in the crucible of war. Not, as one might expect, the Second World War—though it was retrospectively applied to Nazi techniques—but the Korean War. This conflict broke out in 1950 when North Korea, supported by China’s Communist regime, invaded South Korea, to which the young United Nations then sent a multinational force. The United States, the major participant in this joint effort, soon noticed that something strange was happening to US troops taken captive by the enemy. Some emerged from prisoner of war camps as, apparently, converted Communists, ready to denounce their country of birth and sing the praises of the Maoist way of life.
God or the group?
Authors: Taylor Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1950, when it was first enunciated, the concept of brainwashing has spent much of its life in the seedy undergrowth of popular culture. Lurking in movies and thrillers, increasingly despised by academia, it has surfaced into public awareness typically as a response to certain extreme traumas, a last resort for commentators trying to explain the apparently inexplicable. Such traumas are not accidental; they are inflicted by a person or persons, usually driven by political or religious motives. In this chapter, I will ask what it is about such motives, and the social and psychological contexts in which they flourish, which makes them so dangerous.
‘I suggest, you persuade, he brainwashes’
Authors: Taylor Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapters I have considered allegations of brainwashing made against a variety of social practices: religion, politics, advertising, education, psychiatry, and psychotherapy. The institutions which embody these practices are all in the business of changing people’s minds. They are all what Louis Althusser would call ideological and repressive state apparatuses; they attempt to promulgate, by force, stealth, or persuasion, a set of ideas which influences behaviour (an ideology). In this chapter, rather more briefly and drawing on ideas from previous chapters, I will consider two other social institutions: the military and the criminal justice system. A rather more in-depth discussion of that most basic of social units, the family, will use the example of abusive adult relationships to address the issue of one-on-one brainwashing. Finally, I will consider one of the most malignant of social practices: torture.