bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Turkish Constitutional Court During the State of Emergency Between 2016 and 2018
Authors: Yıldırım Engin 
Published: December 2023

This article investigates the judicial approach of the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC) during the period of state of emergency between 2016 and 2018 in Türkiye. Like its counterparts facing similar challenges, the TCC has endeavored to strike a balance between defeating grave threats to the constitutional system and defending fundamental rights in a time of public emergency. While constitutional courts should try to protect constitutional rights from executive abuse of emergency powers, they should do so without jeopardizing the effectiveness of these measures in countering threats to the nation. During the period of state of emergency, the TCC adopted a deferential stance in its constitutionality review cases arising from its textualist interpretation of the constitution, which explicitly prohibits the review of emergency decrees. However, the Court embraced a posture of rights protection in its individual applications procedure, which requires the TCC to follow case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).
Knowledge and Awareness regarding Strabismus and Amblyopia among School Nurses and Primary School Teachers of Government Schools at Bharatpur
Authors: Shrestha Manisha 
Published: December 2023

Background
Strabismus/squint is an ocular misalignment in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. Amblyopia is a serious visual impairment resulting from abnormal visual stimulation during early childhood. It can be easily prevented or treated if detected early. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of school nurses and primary school teachers of Government schools toward children suffering from strabismus and amblyopia.
Method
This was a cross-sectional study among the participating school nurses and primary school teachers of Government school which was organized to raise awareness regarding strabismus and amblyopia among them. It was conducted using a questionnaire which contained 22 items divided into three sections. First section consisted of demographic parameters, second regarding knowledge of strabismus and the third the knowledge of Amblyopia. Data were analysed using Epi info version 7.02 (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, United States). P-values of <0.05 was used for clinical significance.
Result
There were 67 participants and the mean age was 32.67±7.71 years, range 21 to 55 years, the majority being female 66 (98.51%). Training on eye health was received by 13 (19.40%). Forty-four (65.67%) participants had knowledge of strabismus and amblyopia, out of them 30 were school nurses. The majority of school nurses 23 (76.67%) and primary teachers 13 (92.86%) had good knowledge scores (6 to 10).
Conclusion
The majority of participants had good knowledge about strabismus and amblyopia. As the school nurses and primary school teachers are the first link to the children at risk, improving their awareness level on strabismus and amblyopia will help in early referral, timely intervention and prevent the risk of vision loss.
Prevalence and Variations of Sesamoid Bones in the Hands of Patients Visiting Teaching Hospital of Kaski District: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Singh Sushma , Sharma Pujan , Sharma Bhoj Raj , Barnawal Kanchan Kumari 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Sesamoids are small, well-corticated, ovoid or nodular, may be bipartite ormultipartite bones/ossifications found close to a bone or a joint that are subject to significant morphological variations. Although it is difficult to determine the symptomatic nature of these bones, imaging provides important diagnostic information. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and variations of sesamoid bone in hands of patients visiting a teaching hospital of Kaski district.
Methods: A hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing X-rays of hand with Anteroposterior (AP) view, a total of 150 both male and female patients between the age group of 18 to 85 wereimaged between August 1, 2022 to December 30, 2022 at Department of Radiology & Imaging(X-Ray Unit). Presence of sesamoid bone of hand was noted on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPj), and the 1st interphalangeal joint (IPj), separately. The data were analyzed for correlation using Pearson’s correlation test. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Gandaki Medical College (Reference No.159/079/080).
Results: The prevalence of sesamoid bone at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th MCPj, and 1st IPj were 100 (100%), 60 (46%), 24(16%), 20(13.3%), 100(66.7%), and 114(76%) respectively. Variation was more prominent among females at 2nd, 3rdand 5th MCPj and 1st IPj, Also, SB variation was more prominent on left hand compared to right hand in 2nd, 4thand 5th MCPj and 1st IPj.
Conclusions:No significant correlation between the gender and laterality with presence or absence of SB in the hands were noted.
Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Agricultural Work Related Injuries in Rural Agrarian Community of Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Parajuli Surya Bahadur , KC Heera , Shah Bikki , Parajuli Hom Bahadur , Yadav Binod Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Injuries have a significant proportion in the global burden of diseases and are in increasing trend. Nepal being an agrarian country had frequent reporting of injuries among rural communities whose major occupation is agriculture. So, we had this study with the objective to assess clinico epidemiological profile of agricultural work related injuries in the rural agrarian community of Nepal.
Methods
A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 362 farmers of rural agrarian communities of Budhiganga Rural Municipality of Nepal from 20 December 2022 to 20 June 2023 after getting ethical clearance from institutional review committee (IRC-PA 254/2022). A specially designed pro forma was used to collect data through convenient sampling techniques. Collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by SPSS version 23.
Results
The annual prevalence of agricultural work related injury was 48.6%. The most common primary causes were Sickle cut injury 43(24.4%), followed by Oxen/Cow hit injury 33 (18.8%), Traditional Plough cut injury 15 (8.5%), Spade cut injury 15 (8.5%) etc. Injury typically occurs in lower extremities 71 (40.3%). Among them 102 (58%), 82 (46.6%), 28 (15.9%) and 147 (83.5%) had a disability, bedridden, hospitalized and received some sort of treatment. Twenty two (12.5%), 36 (20.5%) and 32 (18.2%) reported stress, self reported decreased vision and self reported hearing loss at the time of injury respectively. Only 9 (5.1%) had used personal protective equipment (PPE) during agricultural work and about 36 (20.5%) had helping hands at the time of injury.
Conclusions
About half of farmers experienced agricultural work related injury with significant days of disability from daily activities and regular work. Use of personal protective equipment during work is miserable.
Association of Hemoglobin Variability with Mortality in Dialysis Patients in Tertiary Hospital Nepal
Authors: Kandel Gobinda , Sedhain Kabindra , Thakur Pitambar , Sapkota Pradeep , Sapkota Kalyan 
Published: December 2023

Background: Rising number of End Stage Renal Disease patients is a great economic burden because of its high cost and lifelong treatment need. Target hemoglobin in dialysis patients is maintained through iron supplement, Erythropoietin stimulating agents, Blood products transfusions and treatment of other correctable causes. Large Hemoglobin fluctuation in such patients is related to decreased survival. The aim of this study was to relate hemoglobin variability with mortality in dialysis patients.
Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study carried out in 104 patients undergoing dialysis for a duration of one year from March 2019 to February 2020. Area Under Curve (AUC) method was used to calculate hemoglobin variability. Hb data were collected using Hospital based software.
Results: Mean age of study population was 50.15±14.1 yrs and 68.14% were male. Calculated hemoglobin variability was more in <15T (patients receiving less than fifteen blood transfusions per year) than >15T (patients receiving more than fifteen blood transfusions per year) group. Death to survival ratio was 0.73 in <15T and 0.41 in >15T.
Conclusion: This study showed that lesser the hemoglobin variability, better the survival in ESRD population receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
Transradial Approach to Coronary Interventions in Central Nepal
Authors: Laudari Shankar , Gurung Puran , Gurung Kushal , Dhakal Abiona , Upadhyay Hari Prasad 
Published: December 2023

Background
The transradial approach (TRA) has gained popularity worldwide and it is the preferred access in many cardiac centers in Nepal. The aim of this study is to document single operator experience with TRA and its complications.
Results
A total of 214 patients were included with 114(53.27%) males and 100(46.73%) females. The mean age was (62.51 ± 12.47) years. The total transradial success rate was 88.78% for Coronary interventions. The crossover rate from radial to femoral access was 11.22%. The primary causes for crossover were severe tortuosity of the aorta and brachiocephalic trunk, radial artery spasm, puncture failure, and radial loop.
Conclusions
TRA is safe and can be applied in the majority of cases. The routine assessment of dual hand circulation before TRA might not be necessary.
A Systematic Climatology Report of Aviation Weather Hazards on Yangon Airport Region
Authors: Oo Kyaw Than , Jonah Kazora , Oo Kyaw Lwin 
Published: December 2023

The primary goal of the research was to examine the aviation climatology analysis of the thunderstorms and fog on study area based on the statistical evaluation of the meteorological station's observation data. Weather is a critical factor in aviation, profoundly affecting aircraft operations and safety. The global aviation industry, with a staggering economic impact of $3.5 trillion and contributing 4.1 percent of global GDP, relies heavily on weather data and analysis. Study used METAR data from Myanmar's Yangon International Airport (VYY). Analysis of METAR, flight delay and accident data revealed that the influence of thunderstorms and fog might have had a direct or indirect impact on most accidents over study area. The frequency analysis method were primarily used in this study and the new method of fog event analysis came out. The two meteorological occurrences, thunderstorm rain (TSRA) and fog (FG), are also high frequency at VYY in a year and TSRA is a larger risk than FG for aviation operation due to its relative other weather phenomena. The July is the maximum TSRA occurrence month and total annual frequency analysis revealed that TSRA days are becoming more common year by year because of study. In addition, the total number of days with fog varies from 23 to 91 per year, with the most frequent time of day being between 2300 and 01:00 UTC. The conditions where the fog was most likely to form were those when the minimum temperature fell between 16 and 27 °C (liquid fog). The study raises a new question and a new possibility for viewing climatology from a new perspective. The insights gained from this report can contribute to the development of tailored weather forecasting and alert systems for pilots and airport personnel. Further deep study for systematic prediction of each hazards are leaved for future work.
RFiD Threads® Technology for Circular Economy and Future Sustainability
Authors: Anura Rathnayake  
Published: December 2023

Problem
The fashion industry is the second most polluting industry globally [UNEP2021] - 85% of all textiles go to landfill each year [WEF2021]. There is growing demand for a shift to circular business models, with new concepts emerging such as “extended producer responsibility” [DEFRA2022], and policy announcements such as the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles, mandating Digital Product Passports (DPP) [EC2023].The Ellen McArthur Foundation [EMF2021] has stated that “Sustainability concerns among customers are also projected to heighten”. This fact, coupled with the preparation of potential new regulatory instruments such as ‘Extended Producer Responsibility’ and other critical regulatory developments, is pushing the industry to consider different and more sustainable ways of producing textile products. A new technology-infrastructure to facilitate this transition is required, to support companiesand consumers access critical data on individual garments.
150 billion items of clothing are produced annually worldwide [EMF2022], of which around 12.5 billion were tagged in 2022, using radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology [Checkpoint2022]. The use of RFID tags is increasing rapidly, with the market projected to reach $35.6 Billion by 2030 [MarketsAndMarkets2022].
However, there are mainly two sustainability related problems holding back the full potential of RFID in the fashion industry:

Weaknesses in current RFID-tag technologies: low robustness, non-washability, and attachment to temporary labels not integrated with the garment itself. 12.5 Billion RFID-tags were used last year in the fashion industry, mainly for inventory management [Checkpoint2022]. Those billions of paper/metal/label tags are usually removed immediately after sale and end up in landfill (which is very bad for the environment), because they are not washable or comfortable to wear with thegarment. For garments to be traceable throughout their lifecycle (enabling efficiencies and circular models), there is a need for integrating permanent 'Digital Passports' (e.g. RFID) in each textile-based product, and for easy access to data contained in these Digital Passports.

Lack of data access, exchange and integration between supply chain actors: Currently, stakeholders use their own independent data management system/s. Therefore, the biggest challenges for efficient recycling/reuse of clothing is lack of access to data on fibre/material content. This makes it very difficult to implement automated systems for breaking up and separating used clothing items into their different fibre components.
Determination of protein content in cooked foods consumed by toddlers aged 1-2 years in Sri Lanka
Authors: A. Buddhika Gayani Silva  , Renuka Jayatissa  , M. Thishani Shanika Pathirathne  , Wijelath Arachchige Gihan Erandika Wijelath  , W.A. Deepthi Nayananjalie  
Published: December 2023

In early life, protein deficiency as well as heavy protein intake cause adverse conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the protein adequacy of diets in 1-2-year-old toddlers in the Alawwa Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Data on food consumption was obtained by 24-hour dietary recall method from selected caregivers (n=60) andcommonly consumed foods (n=30) were cooked using household preparation protocols practiced in the area. They were homogenized and analyzed for protein. The majority of toddlers among the selected population consumed rice-based meals (73%) as the main meal (cooked rice with vegetable accompaniments), while 27% preferred mixed diets (a mixture of vegetables, pulses, leafy vegetables and fish along with rice). A serving of commercial cereal products provided the highest estimateddaily intake (EDI) of protein (10.70 ± 0.40 g). The average EDI of protein of all categories of foods per portion (rice, vegetables, pulses, green leaves, fish, eggs, rice mixtures and cereal products) was 31.55 ± 0.88 g, contributing to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 242.64% and 150.17% for 1-2 year toddlers as defined by the Department of Agriculture, United States (USDA) and Sri Lankan RDA defined by Medical Research Institute (MRI), respectively. In conclusion, the cooked foods prepared according to local recipes fulfilled the dietary requirements of protein for toddlers aged 1-2 years in the Alawwa MOH area following USDA and Sri Lankan nutrition guidelines.
Keywords: Estimated Daily Intake, Protein, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Toddlers
CAPACIDADE DE BROTAÇÃO DE DOIS CLONES DE EUCALIPTO EM SISTEMA SILVIPASTORIL NO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Dos Santos Miranda Cristiane , Coelho de Souza Felippe , Casagranda Giuliano 
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de brotação de dois clones de eucalipto sob diferentes níveis de adubação em sistema silvipastoril no sudoeste da Amazônia. O povoamento onde se conduziu a brotação foi implantado em dezembro de 2018 em Capixaba, Acre. As árvores foram submetidas a decepa em dezembro de 2021. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial de 2 (clones) x 3 (níveis de adubação), com três repetições e seis tratamentos. Os tratamentos com o cloneVM01 demonstraram valores de sobrevivência acima de 95%, o que evidencia boa adaptação às condições ambientais da região. Os tratamentos do clone I144 apresentaram sobrevivência abaixo de 55% na última avaliação. Verificou-se forte correlação de diâmetro da cepa (dt) com sobrevivência (R), número de brotos (NB) e altura das brotações (H), o que contribuiu para que os tratamentos com o clone VM01 apresentassem os maiores valores para R, NB e H. A diferenciação nas doses de NPK aplicadas não resultou em variações (p>0,05) no crescimento inicial e nos tecidos foliares. A condução da brotação mostrou-se um método promissor para o clone VM01, enquanto para o manejo do clone I144, esta técnica não deve ser recomendada para a região do estudo.
Palavras-chave: talhadia; integração pecuária floresta; Eucalyptus spp; sistemas agroflorestais.

Sprouting capacity of two eucalyptus clones in silvopastoral system in Southwest Amazonia

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the sprouting capacity of two eucalyptus clones under different levels of fertilization in a silvopastoral system in southwest Amazonia. The stand where budding was conducted was implanted in December 2018 in Capixaba, Acre. The trees underwent felling in December 2021. The statistical design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme of 2 (clones) x 3 (fertilization levels), with three replications and six treatments. Treatments with cloneVM01 showed survival values ​​above 95%, which shows good adaptation to the environmental conditions of the region. Clone I144 treatments showed survival below 55% in the last evaluation. There was a strong correlation between vine diameter (dt) and survival (R), number of shoots (NB) and height of shoots (H), which contributed to the fact that treatments with clone VM01 presented the highest values ​​for R, NB and H. Differentiation in applied NPK doses did not result in variations (p>0.05) in initial growth and leaf tissues. Sprouting proved to be a promising method for clone VM01, while for the management of clone I144; this technique should not be recommended for the study region.
Keywords: coppice; forest livestock integration; Eucalyptus spp; agroforestry systems.
Benthic invertebrate at three sites on the Tigris River, Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Hashim Rasha 
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted from November 2021 to May 2022 at the three study sites within the Baghdad governorate. The study aims to identify the impact of human activities on the Tigris River, so an area free of human activities was chosen and represented the first site. A total of 48 types were diagnosed, 6204 ind/m3 spread over three sites; The following environmental indicators were evaluated: Constancy Index (S), Relative abundance index (Ra), Richness Index (between 17.995 and 23.251), Shannon Weiner Index (0.48-1.25 bit/ind.), Uniformity Index (0.124 -0.323). The study showed that the highest percentage recorded was for the phylum Annileda 34%; and stability index show that taxes (Stylaria sp, Aoelosoma sp, Branchinra Sowerby, Chrironomidae sp ) found by 100%, the relative abundance index show that Taxes(Seinura sp 46% in site 2)( other nematode 43% in site 3,42% in site 1),(Physa sp 41% in site 1). The physical and chemical factors were measured BOD between (4.4- 1 mg L-1), DO (10.3-8.3 mg L-1), E.C (893-532 ‰), NO3 (3.12-1 mg L-1), O.M (4.76-1 %), pH (6.8-7.5), PO4 (0.39-0.1 mg L-1), S (0.340-0.571 %), T.H. (321-489 mg L-1), TDS (450-276 mg L-1), Turb (6.3-3.4 mg L-1), C.W. (0.97-0.51 m sec-1), W.T. (13-7 D°).
Keywords: environmental monitoring; water quality; aquatic macroinvertebrates.

Invertebrados bentônicos em três locais do Rio Tigres, Bagdá, Iraque

RESUMO: O estudo foi realizado de novembro de 2021 a maio de 2022, em três locais na província de Bagdá, objetivando identificar o impacto das atividades humanas no Rio Tigre; nesse caso, foi escolhida uma área livre de atividades humanas – representando o ponto de coleta 1. Foram diagnosticados 48 tipos, 6.204 ind/m3 distribuídos em três locais. Foram avaliados os seguintes indicadores ambientais: índice de constância (S), Índice de Abundância Relativa (Ra), Índice de Riqueza entre (17.995-23.251), Shannon Weiner Índice (0,48-1,25 bit/ind.), índice de uniformidade (0,124 -0,323) e índice de estabilidade. The study showed that the highest percentage recorded was for the phylum Annileda (34%) and that the species Stylaria sp, Aoelosoma sp, Branchinra Sowerby, Chrironomidae sp were found in 100% of the evaluations; the relative abundance index shows that Seinura sp represents 46% at site 2; other nematodes represent 43% at site 2 3.42% at site 1; Physa sp represents 41% of observations at site 1. Os fatores físicos e químicos medidos apresentaram os seguintes resultados: BOD entre (4.4- 1 mg L-1), DO (10.3-8.3 mg L-1), E.C (893-532 ‰), NO3 (3.12-1 mg L-1), O.M (4.76-1 %), pH (6.8-7.5), PO4 (0.39-0.1 mg L-1), S (0.340-0.571 %), T.H. (321-489 mg L-1), TDS (450-276 mg L-1), Turb (6.3-3.4 mg L-1), C.W. (0.97-0.51 m sec-1), W.T. (13-7 D°).
Palavras-chave: monitoramento ambiental; qualidade da água; macroinvertebrados aquáticos.
Factors affecting the income of Cassiavera farmers in Kerinci Regency
Authors: Nurhayani Nurhayani , Haryadi Haryadi , Zulfanetti Zulfanetti 
Published: December 2023

Cassiavera's contribution to the regional economy of Kerinci Regency is 5.58%, 6.35% to the gross value added, and 21.23% the contribution to regional exports. Cassiavera's lands are mostly controlled by "white-collar farmers" or in The local language is called ”land lord”. If there is an increase in the price of Cassiavera, then the "white-collar farmers" will benefit, not the cultivators or "black-collar farmers". “Black-collar farmers” are those who actually work on Cassiavera lands, only labor or wage farmers with a piece-work or daily system. The increase in Cassiavera prices does not directly increase the welfare of Cassiavera farmers. This study aims to analyze and determine the factors that affect the income of Cassiavera farmers in Kerinci Regency. The analytical method used is descriptive Crosstab method and multiple linear regression with Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the Crosstab tabulation show that there is a relationship between Cassiavera's age, education, labor and land area with Cassivaera's farm income, while the number of stems has no relationship with Cassivaera's farm income. The results of this regression indicate that, partially Cassiavera age, labor and land area have a significant and significant effect on the income of Cassiavera farmers in Kerinci Regency, while the number of stems and education have no effect on the income of Cassiavera farmers. Simultaneously, all variables of Cassiavera age, number of stems, education, labor and land area have a significant effect on farmers' income.