bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding and illustrating the irreversible self‐discharge in rechargeable batteries by the Evans Diagram
Authors: Pu Xiangjun , Zheng Yingping , Qi Aiping , Lyu Linlong , Ruan Guanqiang , Cao Yuliang , Chen Zhongxue , Xu Zheng‐Long 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs an intermediary between chemical and electric energy, rechargeable batteries with high conversion efficiency are indispensable to empower electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. Self‐discharge with adverse effects on energy output and lifespan is a long‐existing challenge and intensive endeavors have been devoted to alleviating it. Previous reports mainly focused on examining key factors influencing the rate of self‐discharge, however, its origination has rarely been revealed from the viewpoint of fundamental electrochemistry. The Evans Diagram, which is a corrosion polarization diagram based on kinetics (corrosion current density) and thermodynamics (potential), is an informative method for analyzing the corrosion process of metals. In this perspective, after an introduction to electrochemical fundamentals, as well as the identical origination of battery self‐discharging and metal corrosion, we first transferred the concept of the Evans Diagram to illustrate the origination and evolution of self‐discharge in rechargeable batteries. The corresponding Evans Diagram has been proposed for different key factors, which were eventually used as guidance to exploit thermodynamical and kinetical solutions to alleviate the parasitic reactions induced by self‐discharge. This contribution is believed to provide new insights towards understanding and regulating self‐discharge problems, and promote the establishment of feasible protocols for battery storage in practice.
Reduced Plasma Levodopa Fluctuations with More Frequent Administration of a Novel Carbidopa/Levodopa Functionally Scored Tablet
Authors: Chase Thomas N. , AL‐Sabbagh Ahmad , Koga Minako , Clarence‐Smith Kathleen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLevodopa/carbidopa remains the gold standard for treating Parkinson disease (PD), but chronic pulsatile administration contributes to motor complications. This Phase 1 study used a new immediate‐release (IR) formulation of carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg that is functionally scored for easy and precise splitting to evaluate the effects on levodopa plasma variability when smaller doses are taken more frequently. These functionally scored tablets were shown to be bioequivalent to carbidopa/levodopa 25‐/100‐mg IR generic reference tablets. Twenty‐two healthy volunteers received a whole tablet every 4 hours versus half of the tablet every 2 hours. Plasma levodopa fluctuations were significantly reduced with half‐tablets dosed every 2 hours, with a 44% reduction in peaks (P < .0001). While drug exposure did not differ, parameters that underlie motor response variations, including mean peak‐to‐trough difference and variance, were 51% and 56% less, respectively, with more frequent dosing (both P ≤ .0024). Safety and tolerability of both regimens were similar. In conclusion, more frequent administration of half‐tablets of the new functionally scored IR formulation safely provided more constant levodopa levels than whole tablets dosed less often. This tablet technology could facilitate the benefits of more physiologic dopamine replenishment in patients with PD, particularly those with reduced manual dexterity.
Effect of Tacrolimus Formulation (Prolonged‐Release vs Immediate‐Release) on Its Susceptibility to Drug‐Drug Interactions with St. John's Wort
Authors: Gümüs Katja S. , Teegelbekkers Anna , Sauter Max , Meid Andreas D. , Burhenne Jürgen , Weiss Johanna , Blank Antje , Haefeli Walter E. , Czock David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTacrolimus is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and is susceptible to interactions with the CYP3A and P‐glycoprotein inducer St. John's Wort (SJW). CYP3A isozymes are predominantly expressed in the small intestine and liver. Prolonged‐release tacrolimus (PR‐Tac) is largely absorbed in distal intestinal segments and is less susceptible to CYP3A inhibition. The effect of induction by SJW is unknown. In this randomized, crossover trial, 18 healthy volunteers received single oral tacrolimus doses (immediate‐release [IR]‐Tac or PR‐Tac, 5 mg each) alone and during induction by SJW. Concentrations were quantified using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and non‐compartmental pharmacokinetics were evaluated. SJW decreased IR‐Tac exposure (area under the concentration‐time curve) to 73% (95% confidence interval 60%‐88%) and maximum concentration (Cmax) to 61% (52%‐73%), and PR‐Tac exposure to 67% (55%‐81%) and Cmax to 69% (58%‐82%), with no statistical difference between the 2 formulations. The extent of interaction appeared to be less pronounced in volunteers with higher baseline CYP3A4 activity and in CYP3A5 expressors. In contrast to CYP3A inhibition, CYP3A induction by SJW showed a similar extent of interaction with both tacrolimus formulations. A higher metabolic baseline capacity appeared to attenuate the extent of induction by SJW.
Cover Crops Support Microbial Diversity: Three Case Studies
Authors: Kish Stacy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlant diversity, including diversified rotation and cover crops, is a part of conservation agricultural practices that support soil microbial communities. Three case studies from Canada, Belgium, and the United States uphold the importance of cover crops for promoting the long‐term abundance and diversity of the soil microbiome. These results offer information on how microbial communities respond to different agricultural management practices with the goal of developing environmentally friendly, sustainable cropping systems. Earn 1 CEU in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Nitrogen‐Doped Cellulose‐Derived Porous Carbon Fibers for High Mass‐Loading Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Ting , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Ying , Yang Xiaomin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiomass‐based porous carbon with renewability and flexible structure tunability is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, there is a huge gap between experimental research and practical applications. How to maintain good electrochemical performance of high mass‐loading electrodes and suppress the self‐discharge of supercapacitors is a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed. The structure regulation of electrode materials such as heteroatom doping is a promising optimization strategy for high mass‐loading electrodes. In this work, nitrogen‐doped cellulose‐derived porous carbon fibers (N‐CHPCs) were prepared by a facile bio‐template method using cotton cellulose as raw material and urea as dopant. The prepared N‐CHPCs have high specific surface area, excellent hierarchical porous structure, partial graphitization properties and suitable heteroatom content. The assembled high mass‐loading (12.8 mg cm−2; 245 μm) aqueous supercapacitor has excellent electrochemical performance, i. e., low open‐circuit voltage attenuation rate (21.39 mV h−1), high voltage retention rate (78.81 %), high specific capacitance (295.8 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent area capacitance (3.79 F cm−2 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent cycling stability (97.28 % over 20,000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1). The excellent performance of high mass‐loading N‐CHPCs is of great significance for their practical applications in advanced aqueous supercapacitors.
Innovative flow‐through reaction system for the sustainable production of phenolic monomers from lignocellulose catalyzed by supported Mo2C.
Authors: Maisterra Maitane , Atienza‐Martínez María , Hablich Karina , Moreira Rui , Martínez‐Merino Víctor , Gandía Luis M. , Cornejo Alfonso , Bimbela Fernando 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMolybdenum carbide supported on activated carbon (β‐Mo2C/AC) has been tested as catalyst in the reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulosic biomass both in batch and in Flow‐Through (FT) reaction systems. High phenolic monomer yields (34 wt.%) and selectivity to monomers with reduced side alkyl chains (up to 80 wt.%) could be achieved in batch in the presence of hydrogen. FT‐RCF were made with no hydrogen feed, thus via transfer hydrogenation from ethanol. Similar selectivity could be attained in FT‐RCF using high catalyst/biomass ratios (0.6) and high molybdenum loading (35 wt.%) in the catalyst, although selectivity decreased with lower catalyst/biomass ratios or molybdenum contents. Regardless of these parameters, high delignification of the lignocellulosic biomass and similar monomer yields were observed in the FT mode (13‐15 wt.%) while preserving the holocellulose fractions in the delignified pulp. FT‐RCF system outperforms the batch reaction mode in the absence of hydrogen, both in terms of activity and selectivity to reduced monomers that is attributed to the two‐step non‐equilibrium processes and the removal of diffusional limitations that occur in the FT mode. Even though some molybdenum leaching was detected, the catalytic performance could be maintained with negligible loss of activity or selectivity for 15 consecutive runs.
Organic Chemicals from Wood: Selective Depolymerization and Dearomatization of Lignin via Aqueous Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lindenbeck Lucie M. , Barra Vanessa C. , Dahlhaus Sira , Brand Silas , Wende Luca M. , Beele Björn B. , Schebb Nils. H. , Rodrigues Bruno V. M. , Slabon Adam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReplacing crude oil as the primary industrial source of carbon‐based chemicals has become crucial for both environmental and resource sustainability reasons. In this scenario, wood arises as an excellent candidate, whilst depolymerization approaches have emerged as promising strategies to unlock the lignin potential as a resource in the production of high‐value organic chemicals. However, many drawbacks, such as toxic solvents, expensive catalysts, high energy inputs, and poor product selectivity have represented major challenges to this task. Herein, we present an unprecedented approach using electrocatalysis for the simultaneous depolymerization and dearomatization of lignin in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. By employing water/sodium carbonate as a solvent system, we demonstrated a pathway for selectively depolymerizing lignin under reductive electrochemical conditions using carbon as an electrocatalyst. After reductive electrocatalysis, the presence of aromatic compounds was no longer detected via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further characterization by NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry revealed the major presences of sodium levulinate, sodium 4‐hydroxyvalerate, sodium formate, and sodium acetate as products. By achieving a complete dearomatization, valuable aliphatic intermediates with enhanced reactivity were selectively obtained, opening new avenues for further synthesis of many different organic chemicals, and contributing to a more sustainable and circular economy.
CoO supported NiFe layered double hydroxide sandwich‐like nanosheets on hierarchical carbon framework for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Wang Changshui , Zhang Qian , Liu Zhenlu , Li Bei , Zhao Wei , Zhang Chunmei , Jiang Shaohua , Wang Jun , Liu Kunming , He Shuijian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExploration of greatly efficient and steady non‐noble oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is of great significance in improving the overall efficiency of energy density systems such as regenerative fuel cells, water electrolyzes, and metal‐air batteries. Herein, inspired by hierarchical 3D porous structures with open microchannels of natural wood, CoO@NiFe LDH sandwich‐like nanosheets were anchored on the carbonized wood (CW) via electrodeposition and calcination strategies. The strong interactions between CoO nanosheets and NiFe LDH nanosheets endow CoO@NiFe LDH/CW electrocatalyst with high catalytic properties toward the OER comparable to CoO/CW and NiFe LDH/CW. The optimized CoO@NiFe LDH/CW electrocatalyst demonstrates good OER catalytic performance with an overpotential of 230 mV at 100 mA cm−2. This work presents an innovative approach to utilize renewable resources for constructing advanced free‐standing catalysts.
Badgers remain fearless in the face of simulated wolf presence near their setts
Authors: Diserens Tom A. , Churski Marcin , Bubnicki Jakub W. , Zalewski Andrzej , Brzeziński Marcin , Kuijper Dries P. J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany mesocarnivores are fossorial and use burrow systems to avoid predators. But fossorial animals cannot stay safely underground forever; they must also risk emerging overground to forage and find mates. To make this trade‐off effectively and maximise their own fitness, it is imperative they assess how risk varies in space and time and adapt their denning behaviour accordingly. We used the badger in Białowieża Forest, Poland, as a model for investigating how the denning behaviour of a fossorial mesocarnivore varies in response to short‐term large carnivore risk. To this end, we experimentally simulated perceived wolf presence outside 10 badger setts using audio playbacks of wolves (their howls). We assayed two behavioural measures of fear: badger emergence time from setts on the day playbacks were broadcast and their presence in setts on the day after. We found that neither badger emergence time nor next‐day sett use varied in response to wolf playbacks. The results of the present study contrast with a previous study of ours that found badgers used setts in areas with high landscape level perceived wolf risk less often than those in lower‐risk areas. Together, these papers' findings suggest that different spatiotemporal scales of perceived risk can have differential effects on badger behaviour. We conclude that rather than take risk avoidance measures at all risky times and places, badgers likely display a diversity of reactions to large carnivore presence that depend on the context and spatiotemporal scale of the risk being perceived.
Substituent Effects on the Electronic Ground State (Singlet versus Triplet) of Indenyl Cations: DFT and CASPT2 Studies
Authors: Takano Ma‐aya , Antol Ivana , Abe Manabu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe electronic ground states of cations (singlet versus triplet) attract significant attention in the discovery of novel carbocation chemistry. Although the cyclopentadienyl cation exhibits a triplet ground state because of the antiaromaticity of the closed‐shell singlet state, the ground state of the indenyl cation, which is a benzene‐fused derivative of the cyclopentadienyl cation, is reportedly a closed‐shell singlet state rather than a triplet state. In this study, in order to establish a strategy for controlling the ground state of indenyl cations, the substituent effects at the C2 and C5 positions of their structures were computed using density functional theory and complete active space multiconfiguration second order perturbation levels of theory.
Seismic Structure‐Soil‐Structure Interaction between inelastic structures
Authors: Vicencio Felipe , Alexander Nicholas A. , Málaga‐Chuquitaype Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFrequently, buildings in urban areas are designed by considering their stand‐alone response, that is, as single structures with no neighboring buildings. Nevertheless, the existence of a high density of buildings in large metropolitan areas inevitably results in the likelihood of an important seismic interaction between adjacent buildings through the underlying soil. This paper explores the effects of Structure‐Soil‐Structure Interaction (SSSI) on the seismic response of two yielding structures embedded in a linear elastic soil. A simple two‐dimensional nonlinear reduced‐order parametric model is proposed, where different building parameters are considered. A nonlinear phenomenological Bouc–Wen model is assumed for the buildings. A database of 15 strong ground motion records and an additional spectrally matched seismic ground motion are considered. An extensive parametric study comprising over two million nonlinear cases is conducted. The results show important differences between nonlinear SSSI and nonlinear SSI for particular parameter configurations. Nevertheless, due to energy dissipation and increases in damping in the nonlinear case, the effects of SSSI are less relevant compared with the linear case.
Probiotic yogurt regulates gut microbiota homeostasis and alleviates hepatic steatosis and liver injury induced by high‐fat diet in golden hamsters
Authors: Zhu Linwensi , Ying Na , Hao Liuyi , Fu Ai , Ding Qinchao , Cao Feiwei , Ren Daxi , Han Qiang , Li Songtao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of probiotic yogurt on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in metabolic‐related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) golden hamsters fed on a high‐fat diet (HFD). The results demonstrated that probiotic yogurt significantly reversed the adverse effects caused by HFD, such as body and liver weight gain, liver steatosis and damage, sterol deposition, and oxidative stress after 8 weeks of intervention. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that golden hamsters fed HFD had upregulated genes related to adipogenesis, increased free fatty acid infiltration, and downregulated genes related to lipolysis and very low‐density lipoprotein secretion. Probiotic yogurt supplements significantly inhibited HFD‐induced changes in the expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal content microbiota suggested that probiotic yogurt changed the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD‐fed hamsters. Probiotic yogurt decreased the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of the LPS‐producing genus Desulfovibrio, and bacteria involved in lipid metabolism, whereas it increased the relative abundance of short‐chain fatty acids producing bacteria in HFD‐fed hamsters. Predictive functional analysis of the microbial community showed that probiotic yogurt‐modified genes involved in LPS biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. In summary, these findings support the possibility that probiotic yogurt significantly improves HFD‐induced metabolic disorders through modulating intestinal microflora and lipid metabolism and effectively regulating the occurrence and development of MAFLD. Therefore, probiotic yogurt supplementation may serve as an effective nutrition strategy for the treatment of patients with MAFLD clinically.
Impaired oligodendrogenesis in the white matter of aged mice following diffuse traumatic brain injury
Authors: Michalettos Georgios , Clausen Fredrik , Özen Ilknur , Ruscher Karsten , Marklund Niklas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSenescence is a negative prognostic factor for outcome and recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI‐induced white matter injury may be partially due to oligodendrocyte demise. We hypothesized that the regenerative capacity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) declines with age. To test this hypothesis, the regenerative capability of OPCs in young [(10 weeks ±2 (SD)] and aged [(62 weeks ±10 (SD)] mice was studied in mice subjected to central fluid percussion injury (cFPI), a TBI model causing widespread white matter injury. Proliferating OPCs were assessed by immunohistochemistry for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) marker and labeled by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) administered daily through intraperitoneal injections (50 mg/kg) from day 2 to day 6 after cFPI. Proliferating OPCs were quantified in the corpus callosum and external capsule on day 2 and 7 post‐injury (dpi). The number of PCNA/Olig2‐positive and EdU/Olig2‐positive cells were increased at 2dpi (p < .01) and 7dpi (p < .01), respectively, in young mice subjected to cFPI, changes not observed in aged mice. Proliferating Olig2+/Nestin+ cells were less common (p < .05) in the white matter of brain‐injured aged mice, without difference in proliferating Olig2+/PDGFRα+ cells, indicating a diminished proliferation of progenitors with different spatial origin. Following TBI, co‐staining for EdU/CC1/Olig2 revealed a reduced number of newly generated mature oligodendrocytes in the white matter of aged mice when compared to the young, brain‐injured mice (p < .05). We observed an age‐related decline of oligodendrogenesis following experimental TBI that may contribute to the worse outcome of elderly patients following TBI.
Living well with dementia: An exploratory matched analysis of minority ethnic and white people with dementia and carers participating in the IDEAL programme
Authors: Victor Christina R. , Gamble Laura D. , Pentecost Claire , Quinn Catherine , Charlwood Catherine , Matthews Fiona E. , Clare Linda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe increasing heterogeneity of the population of older people is reflected in an increasing number of people with dementia and carers drawn from minority ethnic groups. Data from the IDEAL study are used to compare indices of ‘living well’ among people with dementia and carers from ethnic minority groups with matched white peers.MethodsWe used an exploratory cross‐sectional case‐control design to compare ‘living well’ for people with dementia and carers from minority ethnic and white groups. Measures for both groups were quality of life, life satisfaction, wellbeing, loneliness, and social isolation and, for carers, stress, relationship quality, role captivity and caring competence.ResultsThe sample of people with dementia consisted of 20 minority ethnic and 60 white participants and for carers 15 and 45 respectively. People with dementia from minority ethnic groups had poorer quality of life (−4.74, 95% CI: −7.98 to −1.50) and higher loneliness (1.72, 95% CI: 0.78–2.66) whilst minority ethnic carers had higher stress (8.17, 95% CI: 1.72–14.63) and role captivity (2.00, 95% CI: 0.43–3.57) and lower relationship quality (−9.86, 95% CI: −14.24 to −5.48) than their white peers.ConclusionOur exploratory study suggests that people with dementia from minority ethnic groups experience lower quality of life and carers experience higher stress and role captivity and lower relationship quality than their white peers. Confirmatory research with larger samples is required to facilitate analysis of the experiences of specific minority ethnic groups and examine the factors contributing to these disadvantages.