bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When and how to use set‐exploratory structural equation modelling to test structural models: A tutorial using the R package lavaan
Authors: Marsh Herb , Alamer Abdullah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) is an alternative to the well‐known method of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). ESEM is mainly used to assess the quality of measurement models of common factors but can be efficiently extended to test structural models. However, ESEM may not be the best option in some model specifications, especially when structural models are involved, because the full flexibility of ESEM could result in technical difficulties in model estimation. Thus, set‐ESEM was developed to accommodate the balance between full‐ESEM and CFA. In the present paper, we show examples where set‐ESEM should be used rather than full‐ESEM. Rather than relying on a simulation study, we provide two applied examples using real data that are included in the OSF repository. Additionally, we provide the code needed to run set‐ESEM in the free R package lavaan to make the paper practical. Set‐ESEM structural models outperform their CFA‐based counterparts in terms of goodness of fit and realistic factor correlation, and hence path coefficients in the two empirical examples. In several instances, effects that were non‐significant (i.e., attenuated) in the CFA‐based structural model become larger and significant in the set‐ESEM structural model, suggesting that set‐ESEM models may generate more accurate model parameters and, hence, lower Type II error rate.
Mikrozirkulationsstörungen der Haut
Authors: Lutze Stine , Westphal Thea , Jünger Michael , Arnold Andreas 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungVeränderungen in der Mikrozirkulation der Haut sind ein häufig beobachtetes Begleitphänomen vieler Erkrankungen, weit über das Spektrum dermatologischer Krankheiten hinausreichend. Nicht alle dieser Veränderungen haben einen Krankheitswert, viele treten temporär auf, ohne schwerwiegende Folgen zu verursachen. Dies trifft für viele inflammatorische Erkrankungen wie die Psoriasis vulgaris oder das atopische Ekzem zu.Daneben gibt es aber auch Erkrankungen, bei denen funktionell und morphologisch erkennbare Mikroangiopathien zu schwerwiegenden Krankheitsfolgen führen. Eine der wichtigsten Erkrankungen in diesem Zusammenhang ist die systemische Sklerose, eine autoimmune Systemerkrankung mit multiplen Organmanifestationen. Hier sind die Untersuchungen der kutanen Mikrozirkulation sowohl in der Erstdiagnose als auch in der Prognose‐ und Verlaufsbeurteilung von weitreichender Bedeutung.Auch bei Erkrankungen der peripheren Hämodynamik wie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) und der chronisch venösen Insuffizienz (CVI) spielt das Verständnis von Mikrozirkulationsstörungen eine wichtige Rolle für die Therapie und die Erfolgskontrolle therapeutischer Interventionen.
Photosensibilisierende Antihypertensiva und das Hautkrebsrisiko bei postmenopausalen Frauen
Authors: Hou Alexander , Li Yueyao , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Han Jiali , Eaton Charles B. , Qureshi Abrar , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEs gibt nur wenige prospektive Studien, die die Dosis‐Wirkungs‐Beziehung zwischen der Anwendung einiger photosensibilisierender Antihypertensiva und Hautkrebs untersucht haben.Patienten und MethodikAnhand prospektiver Daten aus der Women's Health Initiative Observational Study untersuchten wir den Zusammenhang zwischen der Anwendung von Antihypertensiva und dem Risiko für nicht melanozytären Hautkrebs (NMSC) und dem Melanom bei postmenopausalen Frauen im Alter von 50–79 Jahren (n = 64 918). Dabei wurden multivariable Cox‐Regressionsmodelle (Proportional‐Hazard‐Modelle) verwendet und Hazard Ratios (HR) sowie 95%‐Konfidenzintervalle (KI) berechnet.Ergebnisse8777 NMSC und 1227 Melanom‐Fälle wurden beobachtet. Die Anwendung von Antihypertensiva (HR [95%‐KI]: 1,12 [1,07–1,18]), ACE‐Hemmern (1,09 [1,01–1,18]), Kalziumkanalblockern (1,13 [1,05–1,22]), Diuretika (1,20 [1,12–1,27]), Schleifendiuretika (1,17 [1,07–1,28]) und Thiaziden (1,17 [1,03–1,33]) war jeweils mit einem erhöhten NMSC‐Risiko assoziiert. Das NMSC‐Risiko stieg linear mit der Anwendung mehrerer Antihypertensiva (p‐Trend = 0,02) und mit zunehmender Anwendungsdauer (p‐Trend < 0,01) an. Antihypertensiva (1,15 [1,00–1,31]), Angiotensin‐II‐Rezeptorblocker (1,82 [1,05–3,15]) und Diuretika (1,34 [1,13–1,59]) waren jeweils mit einem erhöhten Melanomrisiko assoziiert. Zwischen der Anwendung von Antihypertensiva und der Melanom‐Inzidenz wurde eine Effektmodifikation durch Exposition gegenüber Sonnenlicht‐Exposition beobachtet (p‐Interaktion = 0,02).SchlussfolgerungenDie Anwendung von Antihypertensiva allgemein und einiger einzelner Klassen von Antihypertensiva ging mit einer erhöhten Inzidenz von NMSC und Melanomen einher, wobei eine Dosis‐Wirkungs‐Beziehung bestand.
Participants' experiences of attending a structured education course (DAFNEplus) informed by behavioural science
Authors: Lawton Julia , Chadwick Paul M. , de Zoysa Nicole , Stanton‐Fay Stephanie , Heller Simon R. , Rankin David ,   the DAFNEplus Study Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsAs part of a broader process evaluation, we explored participants' experiences of, and engagement with, the DAFNEplus programme's group‐based structured education course. This course, which was informed by behavioural science, provided participants with education and instruction to use flexible intensive insulin therapy (FIIT) together with techniques to identify and address unhelpful cognitive and emotional influences on their type 1 diabetes self‐management.MethodsWe interviewed n = 28 DAFNEplus participants. Data were analysed thematically and took account of previous work exploring individuals' experiences of standard DAFNE courses.ResultsAs well as benefitting from the DAFNEplus course's skills‐based training and educational curriculum, participants' accounts suggested they had experienced cognitive and emotional changes that had positively influenced their confidence and motivation to adopt and sustain the use of FIIT. These benefits were most keenly felt by those who reported negative emotional states and mind‐sets pre‐course which had made their diabetes self‐management challenging. Participants' cognitive and emotional changes were enabled through techniques used during the course to normalise setbacks and imperfect diabetes self‐management, capitalise upon group synergies and encourage the use of social support, including from healthcare professionals. Participants also highlighted motivational gains arising from being reassured that diabetes complications are not common or inevitable if a FIIT regimen is followed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that offering training in FIIT, in conjunction with behaviour change techniques that target unhelpful mindsets and emotional resilience, may be more effective in promoting diabetes self‐management than offering education and skills training alone.
The evolution of chemodiversity in plants—From verbal to quantitative models
Authors: Thon Frans M. , Müller Caroline , Wittmann Meike J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlants harbour a great chemodiversity, that is diversity of specialised metabolites (SMs), at different scales. For instance, individuals can produce a large number of SMs, and populations can differ in their metabolite composition. Given the ecological and economic importance of plant chemodiversity, it is important to understand how it arises and is maintained over evolutionary time. For other dimensions of biodiversity, that is species diversity and genetic diversity, quantitative models play an important role in addressing such questions. Here, we provide a synthesis of existing hypotheses and quantitative models, that is mathematical models and computer simulations, for the evolution of plant chemodiversity. We describe each model's ingredients, that is the biological processes that shape chemodiversity, the scales it considers and whether it has been formalized as a quantitative model. Although we identify several quantitative models, not all are dynamic and many influential models have remained verbal. To fill these gaps, we outline our vision for the future of chemodiversity modelling. We identify quantitative models used for genetic variation that may be adapted for chemodiversity, and we present a flexible framework for the creation of individual‐based models that address different scales of chemodiversity and combine different ingredients that bring this chemodiversity about.
The effects of land‐use change on semi‐aquatic bugs (Gerromorpha, Hemiptera) in rainforest streams in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Harianja Martina F. , Turner Edgar C. , Barclay Holly , Chey Vun K. , Aldridge David C. , Foster William A. , Luke Sarah H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Land‐use change and agricultural expansion have caused marked biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia, but impacts on freshwater communities have been very little studied. Semi‐aquatic bugs are abundant in streams, provide prey for many other animals, and are sensitive to environmental change, making them a relevant group for studying land‐use change.

We investigated the effects of logging and conversion of forest to oil palm plantations on semi‐aquatic bugs in Sabah, Malaysia, and the potential value of retaining riparian buffer strips in plantations, by sampling across 12 rivers along an existing land‐use gradient. We recorded catchment, riparian, and stream‐scale environmental variables and surveyed semi‐aquatic bugs within streams in old‐growth forest, logged forest, and oil palm plantation with (OPB) and without buffer strips (OP). We recorded the abundance, richness, total biomass, and proportion of juveniles and winged adult individuals of all species, together with the sex ratio of a common morphospecies (Ptilomera sp.), as possible indicators of disturbance effects.

Average abundance and average richness, but not total biomass, of all semi‐aquatic bugs were lower in areas with higher habitat disturbance. In particular, average abundance in old‐growth forest was more than two, four, and six times higher than that in logged forest, OPB, and OP, respectively. Average richness in old‐growth forest was higher than in logged forest by two species, but more than two and three times higher than in OPB and OP, respectively.

The presence of riparian buffer strips in oil palm had little effect on the abundance and richness of semi‐aquatic bugs. We found no significant differences in the proportion of juveniles, winged adult individuals, or the sex ratio of Ptilomera sp. along the disturbance gradient.

In conclusion, oil palm plantations were associated with lower average abundance and richness of semi‐aquatic bugs than forest sites, but community composition did not differ markedly between logged and old‐growth forests. We also found that the forested buffer strips maintained within our oil palm plantation study sites did not protect forest species of semi‐aquatic bugs. Maintaining forest may therefore provide the best option for the conservation of semi‐aquatic bugs, but further studies of the effects of land‐use change and management options are needed across Southeast Asia.
Delineation of an exhumed intermediate‐depth crustal fault in a collisional setting: An example from the Himalaya
Authors: Sarkar Dyuti Prakash , Ando Jun‐ichi , Das Kaushik , Ghosh Gautam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe regionally prominent main boundary thrust (MBT) of the Himalayan fold‐thrust belt in northwest India is typically defined by the presence of Proterozoic rocks in the hanging wall and Cenozoic rocks in the footwall. The present study focuses on identifying the MBT contact across Gambar River section in Himachal Pradesh, India, using alternative methodologies, such as the meter‐scale litho‐structural mapping, followed by detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology to precisely identify the thrust contact and provide insights on the deformation history of the MBT zone. We have identified a sharp change in the age (from ~600 to ~61 Ma) of the sedimentary units along a narrow zone in the study area by detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology using LA‐ICP‐MS. The sharp change in the detrital zircon U–Pb age data thus delineate the MBT occurring in the area along a < ~1 m thickness. The lithological assemblage and the age data indicate the unified maximum depositional age from ~700 to ~600 Ma for the hanging wall rocks, which have been equated with the Krol Group of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS). In comparison, the footwall rocks exhibit the maximum depositional age of ~61 Ma and have been equated with the Cenozoic Subathu Formation of the Sub‐Himalayan Sequence (SHS).
Seguridad y salud en el trabajo como derechos fundamentales. Estudio histórico‐comparativo de la estrategia de realismo vigilante de la OIT
Authors: HILGERT Jeffrey 
Published: February 2024

ResumenEn los dos decenios siguientes a la adopción del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, la OIT aplicó un enfoque realista al defender que el ejercicio de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST) como derecho fundamental pasaba por garantizar ciertas condiciones económicas previas. El presente estudio histórico‐comparativo pasa revista a la actuación de la OIT en ese contexto, a la luz del nuevo complejo de incertidumbre sanitaria mundial y de la incorporación de la SST al marco de principios y derechos fundamentales en el trabajo. Se analiza también la aplicabilidad de un enfoque de realismo vigilante a la labor actual de la OIT en este campo.
Effects of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy on wound infection of surgery in patients with prostate cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Cheng , Wan Zheng‐Qiang , Zheng Dong‐Bing , Wang Ying‐Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aims to comprehensively assess the impact of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) on wound infection in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). A systematic search was conducted, from database inception to November 2023, in EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LRP with open radical prostatectomy (ORP) in the treatment of PCa. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and conducted quality assessments based on pre‐defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 17.0 software was employed for data analysis. Overall, 15 RCTs involving 1458 PCa patients were included. The analysis revealed the incidence of wound infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16–0.51, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.20–0.37, p < 0.001) was significantly lower in the LRP group compared to the ORP group. This study demonstrates that LRP in PCa patients can effectively reduce the incidence of wound infections and complications, indicating significant therapeutic efficacy and justifying its broader clinical application.
The correlation between serum asprosin and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community
Authors: Liang Dong , Shi Guoliang , Xu Mingang , Yin Jianhong , Liu Yunfeng , Yang Jing , Xu Linxin 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSerum asprosin is expected to become a screening indicator in early‐stage diabetic heart disease. The relationship between serum asprosin and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was studied in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community.Materials and MethodsA total of 252 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from Zhuoma Community Care Station and Chengbei West Street Community Care Service Center in Changzhi City of Shanxi Province from November 2019 to July 2021. Patients were divided into the LVDD group (n = 195) and the non‐LVDD group (n = 57). The t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, and χ2 test were used to compare indicators between the LVDD group and the non‐LVDD group. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation between serum asprosin and other clinical data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the influencing factors on LVDD.ResultsCompared with patients without LVDD, patients with LVDD had a higher level of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), fasting blood glucose (FPG), and asprosin, but a lower level of early diastolic movement speed (A) to diastolic movement velocity (E) (E/A). Asprosin was positively associated with waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), creatinine, triglycerides (P < 0.05), and negatively associated with E/A and high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL‐C (P < 0.05). The risk of LVDD increased with elevated asprosin levels after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), BMI, FPG, and LDL‐C. Compared with patients in the lowest tertile of serum asprosin (<275.25 pg/mL), a serum level of asprosin between 275.25–355.08 pg/mL [OR (95% CI) is 2.368 (1.169–4.796), P < 0.05] and asprosin >355.08 pg/mL [OR (95% CI) is 2.549 (1.275–5.095), P < 0.05] patients have a higher risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.ConclusionsSerum asprosin was positively associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and the risk of LVDD increased significantly with increased serum levels of asprosin.
Fatty infiltration of gastrocnemius–soleus muscle complex: Considerations for myosteatosis rehabilitation
Authors: Hatzantonis Catherine , Satkunam Lalith , Rabey Karyne N. , Hocking Jennifer C. , Agur Anne M. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough previous studies have reported fatty infiltration of the gastrocnemius–soleus complex, little is known about the volumetric distribution and patterns of fatty infiltration. The purpose of this anatomical study was to document and quantify the frequency, distribution, and pattern of fatty infiltration of the gastrocnemius–soleus complex. One hundred formalin‐embalmed specimens (mean age 78.1 ± 12.3 years; 48F/52M) were serially dissected to document the frequency, distribution, and pattern of fatty infiltration in the medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Fatty infiltration was found in 23% of specimens, 13 unilaterally (8F/5M) and 10 (5M/5F) bilaterally. The fatty infiltration process was observed to begin medially from the medial aspect of the medial head of gastrocnemius and medial margin of soleus and then progressed laterally throughout the medial head of gastrocnemius and the marginal, anterior, and posterior soleus. The lateral head of gastrocnemius remained primarily muscular in all specimens. Microscopically, the pattern of infiltration was demonstrated as intramuscular with intact aponeuroses, and septa. The remaining endo‐, peri‐, and epimysium preserved the overall contour of the gastrocnemius–soleus complex, even in cases of significant fatty replacement. Since the external contour of the calf is preserved, the presence of fatty infiltration may be underdiagnosed in the clinic without imaging. Myosteatosis is associated with gait and balance challenges in the elderly, which can impact quality of life and result in increased risk of falling. The findings of the study have implications in the rehabilitation management of elderly patients with sarcopenia and myosteatosis.
The hidden diversity of vascular patterns in flower heads
Authors: Owens Andrew , Zhang Teng , Gu Philmo , Hart Jeremy , Stobbs Jarvis , Cieslak Mikolaj , Elomaa Paula , Prusinkiewicz Przemyslaw 
Published: February 2024

Summary

Vascular systems are intimately related to the shape and spatial arrangement of the plant organs they support. We investigate the largely unexplored association between spiral phyllotaxis and the vascular system in Asteraceae flower heads.

We imaged heads of eight species using synchrotron‐based X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and applied original virtual reality and haptic software to explore head vasculature in three dimensions. We then constructed a computational model to infer a plausible patterning mechanism.

The vascular system in the head of the model plant Gerbera hybrida is qualitatively different from those of Bellis perennis and Helianthus annuus, characterized previously. Cirsium vulgare, Craspedia globosa, Echinacea purpurea, Echinops bannaticus, and Tanacetum vulgare represent variants of the Bellis and Helianthus systems. In each species, the layout of the main strands is stereotypical, but details vary. The observed vascular patterns can be generated by a common computational model with different parameter values.

In spite of the observed differences of vascular systems in heads, they may be produced by a conserved mechanism. The diversity and irregularities of vasculature stand in contrast with the relative uniformity and regularity of phyllotactic patterns, confirming that phyllotaxis in heads is not driven by the vasculature.
Age‐specific predictors of disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection beyond infancy and through the first 5 years of age
Authors: Brenes‐Chacon Helena , Eisner Mariah , Acero‐Bedoya Santiago , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with significant morbidity in infants. Risk factors for severe disease beyond the first 2 years of life have not been fully defined.MethodsChildren <5 years hospitalized with virologically confirmed RSV infection were identified over six respiratory seasons (10/2012–4/2018) and their medical records manually reviewed. Multivariable analyses were performed to define the age‐specific (<6, 6–24, and >24–59 months) risk factors associated with oxygen administration, PICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and duration of hospitalization.ResultsWe identified 5143 children hospitalized with RSV infection: 53.5% (n = 2749) <6 months; 31.7% (n = 1631) 6–24 months; and 14.8% (n = 763) >24–59 months. Rates of ICU admission were high (35%–36%) and comparable across age groups, while children >24–59 and 6–24 versus those <6 months required supplemental oxygen more frequently (73%; 71%; 68%, respectively; p = .003). The presence of comorbidities increased with age (25%, <6 months; 46%, 6–24 months; 70%, >24–59 months; p < .001). Specifically, neuromuscular disorders, chronic lung disease, and reactive airway disease/asthma were predictive of worse clinical outcomes in children aged 6–24 and >24–59 months, while RSV‐viral codetections increased the risk of severe outcomes in children aged <6 and 6–24 months of age.ConclusionsAlmost half of children hospitalized with RSV infection were >6 months. Underlying comorbidities increased with age and remained associated with severe disease in older children, while RSV‐viral codetections were predictive of worse clinical outcomes in the youngest age groups. These data suggest the importance of defining the clinical phenotype associated with severe RSV according to age, and the persistent burden associated with RSV beyond infancy.