bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclin A expression in superficial spreading malignant melanomas correlates with clinical outcome
Authors: Ann Flørenes Vivi , Mari Mælandsmo Gunhild , Faye Ragnar , Nesland Jahn M. , Holm Ruth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study analysed by immunohistochemistry the protein level of cyclin A and Ki‐67 in a panel of paraffin‐embedded tissue obtained from 172 primary (110 superficial and 62 nodular) and 73 metastatic melanomas, and ten benign naevi. Since cyclin A exists in the same quaternary complex in the S‐phase of the cell cycle as the cdk inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1, the levels of the two proteins were compared. Cyclin A and Ki‐67 were heterogeneously expressed in the malignant tumours, whereas in benign naevi, only rare positive cells were detected. In superficial spreading melanomas, the cyclin A level was related to tumour thickness, with less expression in thinner lesions (p<0.00001), and to Ki‐67 (p<0.00001) and p21WAF1/CIP1 (p=0.01) scores. Multivariate analysis showed that in addition to the depth of the primary tumour, the protein level of cyclin A was an independent indicator of relapse‐free period (thickness, p<0.00001; cyclin A, p=0.0003). In contrast, in nodular melanoma, the cyclin A level was associated with Ki‐67 expression, but neither cyclin A nor Ki‐67 was related to tumour thickness (cyclin A, p=0.06; Ki‐67, p=0.61) and neither had any impact on relapse‐free (cyclin A, p=0.64; Ki‐67, p=0.32) or overall (cyclinA, p=0.94; Ki‐67, p=0.45) survival. In conclusion, the results indicate that cyclin A is a strong prognostic factor for patients with superficial spreading melanomas. In nodular melanomas, the proliferation rate seems to have little impact on disease progression. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple, rapid method for HPLC analysis of lycopene isomers
Authors: Ishida Betty K. , Ma Jason , Chan Bock 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rapid method for the extraction, separation and quantification of the geometric isomers of lycopene and β‐carotene from tomato fruit is described. Carotenoids in tomato were separated and eluted using a reversed‐phase HPLC with a C30 column and a mobile phase consisting of methyl‐t‐butyl ether, methanol and ethyl acetate. The system provided sharp resolution of cis‐ and trans‐isomers of lycopene within approximately 23 min in contrast to the longer and more complex gradient procedures required by previously described methods. Experiments indicate that the stability of extracts of fresh tomato may be improved if stored at −20°C, and that the presence of the antioxidant BHA has no apparent effect on stability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aspects of biopsy procedures prior to preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Authors: De Vos Anick , Van Steirteghem André 
Published: August 2002

AbstractToday, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is offered in over 40 centres worldwide for an expanded range of genetic defects causing disease. This very early form of prenatal diagnosis involves the detection of affected embryos by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) (sex determination or chromosomal defects) or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (monogenic diseases) prior to implantation. Genetic analysis of the embryos involves the removal of some cellular mass from the embryos (one or two blastomeres at cleavage‐stage or some extra‐embryonic trophectoderm cells at the blastocyst stage) by means of an embryo biopsy procedure. Genetic analysis can also be performed preconceptionally by removal of the first polar body. However, additional information is then often gained by removal of the second polar body and/or a blastomere from the embryo. Removal of polar bodies or cellular material from embryos requires an opening in the zona pellucida, which can be created in a mechanical way (partial zona dissection) or chemical way (acidic Tyrode's solution). However, the more recent introduction of laser technology has facilitated this step enormously. Different biopsy procedures at different preimplantation stages are reviewed here, including their pros and cons and their clinical applications. The following aspects will also be discussed: safety of zona drilling by laser, use of Ca2+/Mg2+‐free medium for decompaction, and removal of one or two cells from cleavage‐stage embryos. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound‐guided umbilical cord occlusion using bipolar diathermy for Stage III/IV twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Taylor M. J. O. , Shalev E. , Tanawattanacharoen S. , Jolly M. , Kumar S. , Weiner E. , Cox P. M. , Fisk N. M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate bipolar diathermy as a technique for selective fetocide in the treatment of advanced (Stage III/IV) twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsA prospective observational study in two tertiary referral fetal medicine centres: Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London, UK and Haemek Hospital, Afula , Israel. Fifteen cases of TTTS (14 twins and one triplet pregnancy) were treated by selective occlusion of either the donor (n=8) or recipient's (n=7) umbilical cord using ultrasound‐guided bipolar diathermy. Following each procedure, patients were scanned serially for fetal growth, liquor volume and umbilical Doppler measurements. Procedural complications and obstetric outcome were recorded. Postnatal placental injection studies were performed.ResultsOverall co‐twin survival in Stage III/IV TTTS was 13/14 (93%). There were no treatment failures. The incidence of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) within 3 weeks of the procedure was 3/15 (20%). In those cases where pre‐procedure umbilical artery Dopplers were abnormal, the Doppler findings normalised post‐procedure in all non‐cord‐occluded fetuses. Growth velocities of surviving donors were similar to those of surviving recipients.ConclusionsBipolar diathermy appears an effective technique for the selective reduction of monochorionic twins complicated by severe as well as preterminal TTTS, with recipient and donor fetuses being equally appropriate choices for fetocide. We suggest that for advanced‐stage disease where the parents can contemplate this option, cord occlusion as a single pre‐emptive procedure maximises the opportunity for intact survival of a single survivor. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for rapid detection of aneuploidy: experience in 911 prenatal cases†
Authors: Weremowicz Stanislawa , Sandstrom Deborah J. , Morton Cynthia C. , Niedzwiecki Catherine A. , Sandstrom Mary McH. , Bieber Frederick R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with probes specific for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y on 911 of 11123 (8.2%) amniotic fluid samples submitted to the present authors' laboratory for cytogenetic analysis over an 8‐year period. Altogether 3516 hybridizations were performed with an interpretable FISH result on all chromosomes requested in 884/911 (97%) of cases. An uninformative FISH result occurred in 44 hybridizations among 27 cases (3%). Of a total of 89 karyotypically proven cases with aneuploidy that might have been detected by FISH, the overall detection rate was 84%. An inconclusive or incomplete FISH result occurred in 9/89 (10%) of these proven aneuploid cases. In the remaining 80 informative proven aneuploid cases, correct detection of aneuploidy was accomplished in 75/80 (94%) of samples. A false‐negative result occurred in the remaining 5/80 (6%) of such informative cases. Eighteen cases had karyotypically proven abnormalities that could not have been detected by the targeted FISH. Aside from these 18 cases, FISH allowed correct detection of normal disomy in 785/804 (98%) of such cases. An incomplete FISH result occurred in 18 normal disomic cases. There was a single possible ‘false‐positive’ FISH result for chromosome 21. Interphase FISH analysis of uncultured amniotic fluid cells has been shown to be a useful laboratory tool for rapid fetal aneuploidy screening during pregnancy. As with all clinical laboratory diagnostic tests, incomplete or inconclusive results (or even interpretive errors) occur in a small percentage of cases. Nevertheless, FISH results accompanied by other data and by appropriate counseling provide clinicians and patients with valuable information for clinical decision‐making surrounding family planning and pregnancy management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic tetrasomy 5p
Authors: Park Jonathan P. , Barefoot Katharine H. , Ornvold Kim , Berg Susan Z. , Dossu Josiane R. , Mohandas T. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with tetrasomy 5p mosaicism resulting from a supernumerary isochromosome for the short arm of chromosome 5. The pregnancy was terminated and fetal autopsy revealed minor facial abnormalities (long philtrum, up‐slanting palpebral fissures and a broad nasal bridge). Cultures were established from fetal skin, kidney, and pancreas for cytogenetic analysis; the i(5p) was observed only in the skin fibroblasts. To our knowledge, this is the fourth report of mosaic tetrasomy 5p and the first report of prenatal diagnosis of this abnormality. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a small supernumerary marker chromosome, r(2)(p10q11.2), and the problem of determining prognosis
Authors: Villa N. , Riva P. , Colombo D. , Sala E. , Mariani S. , Zorloni C. , Crosti F. , Dalprà L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe identification of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) and the elucidation of their clinical significance remain two of the problems in classical human cytogenetics. We observed a small supernumerary ring in amniotic fluid cell cultures and identified its origin as r(2)(p10q11.2) and its extent by means of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Uniparental disomy (UPD) was excluded by microsatellite analysis using polymorphic markers localised in the same region. On the basis of normal ultrasonographic checks, the patient decided to continue the pregnancy. A normal female was delivered at term and subsequent neonatal follow‐ups confirmed the normal phenotype and development. In the present case, genetic counselling was not helpful because of the absence of reference cases. Detailed characterisation made it possible to correlate the normal baby phenotype with the trisomic 2p10‐2q11.2 genomic region. Further molecular cytogenetic investigations of SMCs classified by DNA content and pregnancy outcome data should improve genetic counselling and risk evaluation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictability of C‐peptide for autoimmune diabetes in young adult diabetic patients
Authors: Törn Carina , Landin‐Olsson Mona , Scherstén Bengt 
Published: August 2002

AbstractC‐peptide is measured to evaluate the endogenous insulin production. Since the secretion of both insulin and C‐peptide are stimulated by food intake, the sampling procedure is standardized to fasting conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in C‐peptide levels in fasting and non‐fasting states in diabetic patients and also to investigate the use of fasting and non‐fasting C‐peptide as instruments to discriminate between diabetes with autoimmune markers (islet cell antibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies or antibodies against tyrosine phosphatase) and without autoimmune markers at diagnosis. In patients with autoimmune markers, the median level of C‐peptide was slightly lower in the fasting state (n=283; 0.27; 0.16–0.36 nmol/L) compared to C‐peptide levels in the non‐fasting state (n=138; 0.30; 0.20–0.52 nmol/L; p=0.0066). In patients without autoimmune markers, C‐peptide levels were lower in fasting patients (n=105; 0.51; 0.28–0.76 nmol/L) compared to non‐fasting patients (n=38; 0.74; 0.39–1.1 nmol/L; p=0.011). The highest positive predictive value (94%) for autoimmune diabetes was observed for a C‐peptide below 0.30 nmol/L in the non‐fasting condition.We conclude that C‐peptide can be taken either fasting or randomly in patients with type 1 diabetes since the beta cell function was stimulated only to a limited extent by food intake. At the time of diagnosis, C‐peptide can prefarably be taken randomly during the day since this improves the discrimination between patients with and without autoimmune markers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fate of abstracts presented at five International Conferences on Pharmacoepidemiology (ICPE): 1995–1999
Authors: Stolk P. , Egberts A. C. G. , Leufkens H. G. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMeetings are an important way of exchanging scientific information, but full diffusion of new information can only be achieved when results are published in scientific journals.Purpose(1) To determine the publication frequency of accepted abstracts for the yearly international conferences on pharmacoepidemiology (ICPE) and to examine predicting variables; (2) if published, to determine impact differences between ‘oral’ and ‘poster’ abstracts and to determine type and nature of publishing journals.ResultsOverall, one out of three abstracts resulted in a publication in the peer‐reviewed journals studied. Abstracts from North America were more often presented orally than abstracts from Europe, but had lower publication chances. ‘Oral’ abstracts were more likely to be published than ‘poster’ abstracts; abstracts with a strong methodological content had a lower publication frequency. Most of the published abstracts were found in pharmacology and pharmacy journals (33%) and journals on specific clinical topics (30%).ConclusionsOnly one out of three papers presented at ICPE ends up in established peer‐reviewed journals. Although the publication characteristics for ICPE are not very different from other conferences, there are certain questions that warrant further investigation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in abciximab (ReoPro®) prescribing: evidence based or budget driven?
Authors: Zwart‐van Rijkom J. E. F. , Leufkens H. G. M. , Simoons M. L. , Broekmans A. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeAbciximab improves outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PTCA). Clinicians, however, have expressed concerns that they do not have enough budget to administer abciximab to all eligible patients. We studied the patterns of prescribing of abciximab and identified factors that correlate with the level of usage.MethodsIn each of all 13 Dutch PTCA centres one opinion‐leading cardiologist was approached to provide data on the abciximab prescribing in their centre and to co‐operate in an interview on this topic. We performed linear regression analysis in which the level of abciximab prescribing was the dependent variable. Potential determinants investigated were the number of PTCAs performed, the criteria for abciximab prescribing, funding and possible financial restrictions, participation in clinical trials in the past, percentage stenting, and desired level of abciximab prescribing.ResultsAll 13 PTCA centres in the Netherlands participated in our study. The level of abciximab prescribing varied from 2 to 36% of all PTCAs. The criteria for patient selection significantly differed between centres. Together budget, investigatorship, size, and type of the institution were highly predictive for the level of abciximab prescribing (R2 = 0.93, p < 0.001). The more patients doctors had included in clinical trials in the past, the higher was the likelihood that they had prescribed abciximab.ConclusionsShortly after its introduction, patterns of abciximab prescribing varied widely between PTCA centres. There was no agreement on which patients to select for this preventive treatment. Budget and involvement in clinical trials in the past were important predictors of the level of prescribing in each centre. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Front and rear silicon‐nitride‐passivated multicrystalline silicon solar cells with an efficiency of 18.1%
Authors: Mittelstädt L. , Dauwe S. , Metz A. , Hezel R. , Häßler C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA solar cell process designed to utilise low‐temperature plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride (SiNx) films as front and rear surface passivation was applied to fabricate multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) solar cells. Despite the simple photolithography‐free processing sequence, an independently confirmed efficiency of 18.1% (cell area 2 × 2 cm2) was achieved. This excellent efficiency can be predominantly attributed to the superior quality of the rear surface passivation scheme consisting of an SiNxfilm in combination with a local aluminium back‐surface field (LBSF). Thus, it is demonstrated that low‐temperature PECVD SiNxfilms are well suited to achieve excellent rear surface passivation on mc‐Si. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies used by teachers to rate student behavior
Authors: Brennan O'Neill Kathleen , Liljequist Laura 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUpon completing the Teacher Report Form (TRF; Achenbach, 1991) on a randomly selected child in their current classroom, teachers were surveyed about the approaches or strategies they used to formulate their ratings. In Phase 1, teachers identified eight rating strategies. In Phase 2, a new group of teachers indicated the extent to which they relied on the eight strategies. Rather than the two approaches hypothesized to be foremost, (“I compared the child to other children in the same classroom,” “I compared the child to other children of the same age”), teachers relied primarily on their “experience with the child in many different settings.” © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Self‐report objective measures of personality for children: A review of psychometric properties for RQC
Authors: Burns Matthew K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKnoff (1995) indicated that Referral Question Consultation (RQC) can be applied to personality assessment and suggested several self‐report objective measures that could be consistent with this approach. The current article reviews the tools mentioned by Knoff, including the Children's Personality Questionnaire, The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory, The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescents, The Personality Inventory for Youth, and The Self Report of Personality (SRP) from the Behavior Assessment System for Children. Each review addressed the reliability of the scales and composite scores, validity, usefulness of results for planning interventions, the empirical basis for analyses of individual items, and whether each measure accounted for response biases. The appropriateness of each for use with RQC, and individual strengths and weaknesses varied considerably. Therefore, practitioners should keep each test's limitations in mind when using it for intervention planning, and future research is needed to validate the tools for this purpose. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymerization of cyclic imino ethers: From its discovery to the present state of the art
Authors: Kobayashi Shiro , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTopics concerning the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic imino ethers and functional material production based on the resulting polymers are reviewed. Cyclic imino ethers are readily subjected to isomerization polymerization via cationic initiators. Mechanistic studies have provided a new concept, electrophilic polymerization. Double isomerization polymerization and no‐catalyst alternating copolymerization are interesting examples that show characteristics of the ring opening of cyclic imino ethers. The living polymerization of these monomers affords precisely controlled polymeric materials. Through the use of the unique properties of the product polymers, various functional polymeric materials, such as polymeric nonionic surfactants, compatibilizers, hydrogels, stabilizers for dispersion polymerization, biocatalyst modifiers, and supramolecular assemblies, have been developed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 192–209, 2002
Poly(phenylene ethynylene)s with alkoxyphenyl substituents
Authors: Spiliopoulos Ioakim K. , Mikroyannidis John A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo new poly(phenylene ethynylene)s with alkoxyphenyl substituents were synthesized and characterized. The polymers were amorphous, dissolved readily in common organic solvents, and showed glass‐transition temperatures at 162–175 °C. They showed blue photoluminescence both in solution and in the solid state due to the steric interaction between the substituents and the main chain that caused an interruption of the conjugation length. The quantum yields in a tetrahydrofuran solution were up to 0.63. Excimer emission was the dominant product of the photoexcitation of thin films of the polymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1449–1455, 2002
Main‐chain viologen polymers with triflimide counterion exhibiting lyotropic liquid‐crystalline properties in polar organic solvents
Authors: Bhowmik Pradip K. , Han Haesook , Nedeltchev Ivan K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe solution‐phase behavior of three main‐chain viologen polymers, which are composed of isomeric xylyl units and triflimide as a counterion, was studied in methanol, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide as solvents microscopically under crossed polarizers. Each of them exhibited a lyotropic lamellar phase in both polar protic and aprotic solvents. Their C* for the formation of biphasic solutions (1–5 wt %) and concentrations (20–30 wt %) for the lyotropic solutions in methanol was much lower than those in polar aprotic solvents (20–71 and 60–81 wt %, respectively). Their high solubility, high C* for the formation of biphasic solutions, and high concentrations for the formation of lyotropic solutions in polar aprotic solvents were related to the significant reduction of strong ionic interactions between triflimide and 4,4′‐bipyridinium ions in each of these viologen polymers. They were the first examples of viologen polymers that exhibited a lyotropic phase in polar aprotic solvents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2015–2024, 2002
Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) in a pyridine solution by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Luis de la Fuente José , Fernández‐García Marta , Fernández‐Sanz Marina , López Madruga Enrique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPyridine was used as a solvent for the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate. The homopolymerizations were carried out with methyl 2‐halopropionate (MeXPr, where X was Cl or Br) as an initiator, copper halide (CuX) as a catalyst, and 2,2′‐bipyridine as a ligand from 80 to 120 °C. The mixed halogen system methyl 2‐bromopropionate/copper chloride was also used. For all the initiator systems used, the polymerization reaction showed linear first‐order rate plots, a linear increase in the number‐average molecular weight with conversion, and relatively low polydispersities. In addition, the dependence of the polymerization rate on the temperature is presented. These data are compared with those obtained in bulk, demonstrating the effectiveness of this solvent for this monomer in ATRP. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3443–3450, 2001