bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The histopathological effect of Detarium microcarpum extract, a naturally occurring plant molluscicide on the mid‐gut and digestive gland of Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Kela Santaya L. , Bowen Ivor D. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe histology, fine structure and histochemistry of the digestive gland of Lymnaea stagnalis was examined before and after treatment with a crude water extract of a powerful molluscicidal plant, Detarium microcarpum. The results obtained indicate that the molluscicidal extract induces necrosis in the digestive gland typified optically by cellular oedaema and nuclear pyknosis. At electron microscope level molluscicide treatment is seen to induce a major vacuolation and fragmentation of the cytoplasm. Lysosomal acid phosphatase and lysosomal integrity however is preserved. Histochemically, both acid and alkaline phosphatase appear to survive treatment very well. In treated tissues there is a shift of alkaline phosphatase from the brush border to the lumen. Molluscicide treatment results in a distinct inhibition of ATPase activity which appears to be a characteristic feature of induced cell death.
Non‐random jumping translocations as a result of SV40 large T‐antigen expression in benign human tumor cells.
Authors: Kazmierczak Bernd , Stern Corinna , Bartnitzke Sabine , Bullerdiek Jorn 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to analyse the cytogenetic effects caused by SV40 large T‐antigen expression in cells of human benign tumors we transfected cells of an uterine leiomyoma characterized by a primary reciprocal translocation t(12;14)(q15;q24) and a pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland with an inversion inv(12) (q15q24.1) using a construct coding for SV40 large and small T‐antigen. The most interesting finding was not a generally destabilized karyotype, but the strictly non‐random involvement of two chromosomal breakpoints, i.e. 5p13 and 10q11 in jumping translocations, never described before as a result of SV40 transformation. In addition we were able to show by non‐radioactive in situ hybridization that there was no direct relationship between the integration site of the construct and the pre‐disposition of 5p13 and 10q11 to somatic recombination. The jumping translocations with consistent breakpoints observed closely resemble the cytogenetic situation seen in a variety of human tumors with specific translocations. Based on the findings described here it is tempting to assume that the expression of SV40 large T‐antigen can induce specific karyotypic alterations following an unknown trans‐acting mechanism.
Demonstration of endothelin (ET) receptors on cultured rabbit chondrocytes and stimulation of DNA synthesis and calcium influx by ET‐1 via its receptors
Authors: Kinoshita Akihiro , Tamura Tomoo , Aoki Chiharu , Nakanishi Tohru , Sobue Shizuo , Suzuki Fujio , Takahashi Kojiro , Takigawa Masaharu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEndothelin (ET) receptors on chondrocytes were demonstrated using cultured rabbit costal chondrocytes. After crosslinking the receptors on the cells with 125 I‐ET‐1, two major bands of 43 kDa and 46 kDa were separated by SDS‐PAGE. Scatchard analysis demonstrated two classes of ET receptors with Kd values of 1 × 10−10 M and 5 × 10−9 M. The numbers of high‐ and low‐ affinity receptors were 1 × 104 and 2 × 105 per cell, respectively. The binding of ET‐1 to chondrocytes was increased by treatment with PTH, DBcAMP, TGF‐β1, IL‐1β, RA and EGF. ET‐1 stimulated DNA synthesis in cultured rabbit chondrocytes. ET‐1 also stimulated calcium incorporation through the cell membrane of chondrocytes. These findings indicate that ET‐1 has a physiological effect on chondrocytes via its receptors on the cells.
EXPRESSION OF PRIMARY CILIA IN MAMMALIAN CELLS
Authors: WHEATLEY DENYS N. , WANG AI MEI , STRUGNELL GILLIAN E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMammalian cellsin vivofrequently express primary cilia. Although some fully differentiated cell types rarely, if ever, express them, most do, indicating that they are regular cell organelles. Their expression can also be exploredin vitro, where conditions—physical and chemical, intrinsic and extrinsic—permit experimental approaches which give far greater control thanin vivo. This ‘state of the art’ paper covers briefly the general biology of primary cilia, highlights the current situation with regard to our understanding of their relevance and importance in cell biology from various facets of our recent research, much of it in collaboration with other laboratories world‐wide, and outline future work aimed at answering some basic and applied questions about them, within a context of an increasing awareness that signalling between cells is of the utmost importance in understanding proliferation control and its value in cancer research, the major remit of this unit.
CONNEXIN EXPRESSION AND GAP JUNCTIONS IN THE MAMMARY GLAND
Authors: MONAGHAN PAUL , MOSS DAVID 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGap junctional communication plays a vital role in embryogenesis, cell differentiation and the co‐ordination of tissue responses. Gap junctions are formed by a family of closely‐related proteins called connexins which show tissue‐specific patterns of expression. The role of gap junctions in the mammary gland remains unclear. The lumena of mammary gland ducts are lined by luminal cells with an outer layer of basal cells. In rodents, the luminal cells express connexin26 only during pregnancy and lactation and the basal cells, in some reports, express connexin43. In the normal human breast the basal cells express connexin43, although human mammary epithelial cellsin vitrohave been reported to express both connexin26 and connexin43. Analysis of connexin expression at the molecular level is now bringing new insights into the structure and function of gap junctions in a range of normal and pathological cell systems.
HIGH AND LOW DENSITY WATER AND RESTING, ACTIVE AND TRANSFORMED CELLS
Authors: WIGGINS PHILIPPA M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResting and active states of cells are described in terms of the expectation, derived from experiments with aqueous polymers, that they contain two modified forms of water: high density, reactive, fluid water and low density, inert, viscous water. Low density water predominates in a resting cell and is converted to high density water in an active cell. It is proposed that switching from one state to another is an integral part of cellular function. When this ability is lost cells are transformed either to a state of rigor or to a hyperactive state in which they no longer depend upon external signals.
ENHANCEMENT OF FERTILIZATION BY PIPERINE IN HAMSTERS
Authors: PIYACHATURAWAT PAWINEE , PHOLPRAMOOL CHUMPOL 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of piperine on the fertilization of eggs with sperm was investigated in female hamsters. They were intragastrically treated with piperine at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg BW from day 1 through day 4 of the oestrous cycle. During piperine treatment, these females were superovulated and artificially inseminated (AI) with spermatozoa from untreated male hamsters at 12h after hCG injection. The fertilization and growth of embryos were examined at various times after AI. In control hamsters, the percent fertilization increased with time, from 27.4±3.3% at 9h after AI to 75.3±9.6 at 24h after AI. Administration of piperine to the superovulated animals markedly enhanced the percent fertilization at 9h after AI. It was increased to 85.4±4.1 and 82.8±4.8% by piperine at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg BW, respectively. However, examination of the embryos retrieved 48h after AI revealed no differences in the stage of embryonic development among different groups of animals. The possibility that this effect was due to the direct action of vanillic acid, a major piperine metabolite, was testedin vitroDirect exposure of spermatozoa to vanillic acid at doses 25–100mg% did not significantly affect their motility, percent acrosome reaction or fertilizing ability. This suggests that the enhancement of fertilization by piperine treatment was not related to the secretion of vanillic acid into the oviduct.
EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON THE ASSEMBLY OF THE MATRIX OF FIBRONECTIN AND ON ITS RECEPTORS ORGANIZATION IN EHLERS‐DANLOS SYNDROME SKIN FIBROBLASTS
Authors: ZOPPI NICOLETTA , GHINELLI ANNALISA , GARDELLA RITA , BARLATI SERGIO , COLOMBI MARINA 
Published: October 2002

The effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on the expression of fibronectin (FN), proα1(I) collagen (Col1), integrin α2, α5and β1subunits mRNAs, were studied by quantitative in situ hybridization (ISH) with radiolabelled probes in relationship with the organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of FN in human skin fibroblasts. In particular, two fibroblast strains were analysed, one derived from a control donor, typically organizing a rich ECM of FN, and the other from a patient affected by Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS), which did not assemble the FN‐ECM.Treatment of both fibroblast strains with 10−7mDEX slightly enhanced the level of FN mRNA (by about 1.5‐fold), did not influence the level of α5subunit mRNA and reduced Col1, α2and β1integrin subunits mRNAs by 2–3‐fold. These results show that, in these cells, DEX coordinately downregulates the expression of Col1 and its specific integrin α2β1. Moreover, DEX regulates in a different manner the α5and β1subunits forming the main FN receptor (FNR) in skin fibroblasts.Immunofluorescence microscopy evidencing the FN‐ECM and integrins containing α5and β1subunits showed that in control cells DEX induced a slight enhancement of the FN‐ECM and of the α5β1receptors patches. Therefore, in these cells the decrease of β1FN receptor subunit mRNA, as well as the decrease of Col1 and its receptor mRNAs, did not influence the FN‐ECM assembly. In EDS fibroblasts, DEX decreased the cytoplasmic accumulation of FN and induced the assembly of a rich FN‐ECM through the formation of large FNR integrin patches, codistributing with the FN‐ECM. We suggest that in EDS skin fibroblasts DEX corrects the defective FN‐ECM favouring the sorting and the organization of FN and its α5β1integrin receptor.
CALCIUM LEVELS DURING CELL CYCLE CORRELATE WITH CELL FATE OF DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM
Authors: Saran Shweta 
Published: October 2002

Levels of intracellular calcium, (Ca2+)i, from different stages of cell cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum were monitored using the fluorescent Ca2+‐sensitive dye, Indo 1. Combinations of Ca2+‐ionophore (A23187) and Ca2+‐chelator (EGTA) resulted in the inhibition of progression of cell cycle. This delay was caused due to block in G2/M→S phase transition of the cell cycle. Rescue of the cell cycle progression was made with 0.5m m of exogenous Ca2+. High (Ca2+)ilevels overlapped with the S‐phase, of the cell cycle.Results indicate that a high (Ca2+)ilevel during S‐phase is not required for cell cycle progression but for cell‐type choice mechanism at the onset of starvation, and these cells tend to follow the prestalk pathway.
CHANGES IN ELASTIN‐BINDING PROTEIN IN FIBROBLASTS DERIVED FROM CARDINAL LIGAMENTS OF PATIENTS WITH PROLAPSUS UTERI
Authors: Yamamoto Mari , Akazawa Kenji , Aoyagi Masaru , Yamamoto Naofumi , Yamamoto Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProlapsus uteri in pelvic supportive disorders are common in elderly women, and their etiology remains unclear. We examined elastin‐binding proteins (EBPs) and binding sites in cultured cardinal ligament fibroblasts derived from elderly patients with prolapsus uteri (HPLiF) and compared them with those from age‐matched control subjects (HCLiF). Cell attachment to α‐elastin was significantly lower in HPLiF than in HCLiF. Elastin suppressed the higher proliferative activity at near confluency in HPLiF. The 67‐kDa EBP was detectable in HCLiF, whereas HPLiF expressed a 59‐kDa EBP. The expression of EBP was significantly lower in HPLiF. The synthetic peptide Val‐Gly‐Val‐Ala‐Pro‐Gly (VGVAPG), which contains a recognition sequence for the elastin receptor, inhibited the adhesion of HCLiF to α‐elastin at 10−5–10−4M, but showed no inhibitory activity on the adhesion of HPLiF at 10−5M. These results suggest that fibroblasts derived from elderly women with prolapsus uteri can recognize α‐elastin through interactions with the low‐molecular‐size (59‐kDa) EBP for the sequence VGVAPG with low affinity and may contribute to the loss of supportive function in uterine connective tissues.
THE EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF INTEGRIN SUBUNITS ON HUMAN BREAST TISSUES OBTAINED DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Suzuki Rami N. , Entwistle Alan , Atherton Amanda J. , Clarke Catherine , Lakhani Sunil R. , O'Hare Michael J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntegrins have been shown to exert regulatory influences on mammary differentiation and morphogenesis in rodent experimental systems. We have, therefore, examined the expression patterns of integrin subunits on human breast tissues obtained at the 12th, 15th and 18th weeks of pregnancy. Myoepithelial cells were positive for all the integrin subunits examined. α2, α6 and β4 showed increased and more defined labelling during pregnancy, indicating that myoepithelial cells and extracellular matrix strengthen their support for the expanding alveoli during pregnancy. Sub‐populations of stromal cells were positive for α1, α3, α6, β1 and β4. On luminal epithelial cells, α1, α2, α3, α6 and β1 were detectable. α2 showed a focal decrease, but the expression patterns of other integrins in luminal cells did not change during pregnancy. Therefore, the expression patterns of most integrins existing prior to pregnancy seem sufficient in this cell type to support the morphological and functional development during early pregnancy.
The Genus Calycidium Stirt.
Authors: Wedin Mats 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe lichen genus Calycidium Stirt. (Calycidiaceae, Lecanorales, ‘Caliciales’ s. lat.) contains two species: C. cuneatum Stirt., distributed in Australia (Tasmania) and New Zealand, and C. polycarpum (Colenso) Wedin, comb, nov., distributed in Argentina, Australia (Tasmania), Chile and New Zealand. The morphology, chemistry, ecology and distribution of the two species is discussed, as is the taxonomic position of the genus. Calycidium is reported as new to Argentina.
Progressive and Regressive Pedogenesis and Complex Soil Evolution
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe simultaneous operation of regressive and progressive pedogenetic pathways raises the possibility that soil evolution may exhibit patterns far richer and more complex than increasing development over time. This possibility is explored via a numerical model incorporating the relative rates of progressive and regressive pedogenesis and feedbacks between these rates and the degree of soil development. This model may exhibit deterministic chaos and sensitive dependence on initial conditions with realistic parameter values. Variations in profile development in a region of the North Carolina Coastal Plain where soil-forming factors are relatively constant is consistent with deterministic chaos. Chaotic soil evolution suggests that soil development may reflect the interplay between progressive and regressive soil-forming processes in addition to—or instead of—the age of a surface or deposit. The former may produce a state of development which is unique to a particular time, sensitively dependent on the (unknown) initial conditions, and not simply related to age. Soils and their genetic signatures as indicators of relative ages and Quaternary environments may need to be reinterpreted in this light.
Missing Records and Depositional Breaks in French Late Pleistocene Cave Sediments
Authors: Campy Michel , Chaline Jean 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCave entrance and rock shelter infillings are positioned within the Pleistocene chronology for three areas of France (northern Alps, Franche-Comté, and Périgord). Despite minor local variations, it is possible to identify regional types with a consistent depositional record over long intervals of time. The interregional variability relates to the frequency and position of the gaps within the infillings. Sites in the northern Alps have not yielded any artifacts older than the Upper Paleolithic (Magdalenı́an), and dated sedimentary sequences do not go back beyond the Older Dryas. More complete sequences in Franche-Comté contain Mousterian industries. Two major gaps occur here, one lasting about 50,000 yr during the Lower Glacial and Lower Pleniglacial periods, and the other lasting some 10,000 yr during the Upper Pleniglacial. The sequences are more complete in the Périgord, where all major climatic phases have been identified with no significant sedimentary gaps. Differences in sedimentary records can be explained by variations in regional conditions during the last interglacial-glacial cycle and especially by the distance from the maximum advance of ice daring glaciation.
A 35,000 Year Vegetation and Climate History from Potato Lake, Mogollon Rim, Arizona
Authors: Anderson R. Scott 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new record from Potato Lake, central Arizona, details vegetation and climate changes since the mid-Wisconsin for the southern Colorado Plateau. Recovery of a longer record, discrimination of pine pollen to species groups, and identification of macrofossil remains extend Whiteside's (1965) original study. During the mid-Wisconsin (ca. 35,000-21,000 yr B.P.) a mixed forest of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and other conifers grew at the site, suggesting a minimum elevational vegetation depression of ca. 460 m. Summer temperatures were as much as 5°C cooler than today. During the late Wisconsin (ca. 21,000-10,400 yr B.P.), even-cooler temperatures (7°C colder than today; ca. 800 m depression) allowed Engelmann spruce alone to predominate. Warming by ca. 10,400 yr B.P. led to the establishment of the modern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest. Thus, the mid-Wisconsin was not warm enough to support ponderosa pine forests in regions where the species predominates today. Climatic estimates presented here are consistent with other lines of evidence suggesting a cool and/or wet mid-Wisconsin, and a cold and/or wet late-Wisconsin climate for much of the Southwest. Potato Lake was almost completely dry during the mid-Holocene, but lake levels increased to near modern conditions by ca. 3000 yr B.P.
The Last Glaciation in Central Magellan Strait, Southernmost Chile
Authors: Clapperton Chalmers M. , Sugden David E. , Kaufman Darrell S. , McCulloch Robert D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGlacial landforms and drift stratigraphy in central Magellan Strait, southernmost Chile, document repeated fluctuations during the last glacial cycle of outlet lobes from an ice cap centered over the southern Andes. The lobes developed comparatively low-gradient profiles because of low basal shear stresses over soft deformable beds and this made them sensitive to even small-scale changes in the mass balance. Such low profiles and rapid calving in deep proglacial lakes during deglaciation may have made the Magellan ice lobe particularly responsive to climatic fluctuations during the last glacial cycle, and to advance and retreat over considerable distances. Study of the glacial landforms and drift stratigraphy has led to the identification of at least five glacier advances to limits at and south of the Segunda Angostura. Fragments of mollusc shells contained in basal till indicate marine incursions between some advances, thus documenting extensive deglaciation. A partial chronology based on amino acid studies and radiocarbon dating suggests that five of these advances occurred during the last glacial cycle. The most extensive advances may have culminated during substages of marine isotope stage 5 (substage 5b or 5d) and/or during stage 4. Slightly less extensive advances occurred between ca. 28,000 and 14,000 yr B.P.
Late Wisconsin/Early Holocene Vegetation in the Bonneville Basin
Authors: Rhode David , Madsen David B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWoodrat middens from the northern Bonneville Basin allow a reconstruction of vegetation changes from 14,000 to 9000 yr ago. Cold montane steppe, dominated by sagebrush, covered much of the western Bonneville Basin prior to 13,000 yr ago. From 13,000-10,800 yr ago, the region was vegetated by limber pine woodlands in lower montane settings and a mosaic of limber pine and sagebrush steppe along basin flour margins. These low-elevation limber pine woodlands began to retreat upslope after about 11,000 yr ago due to increasingly drier climatic conditions, and were replaced by relatively more xeric desert scrub dominated by sagebrush and shadscale. The growth of limber pine at low elevations suggests that summer temperatures were as much as 6°C lower than at present. This evidence is in apparent conflict with the currently accepted post-Provo Lake Bonneville chronology, especially the magnitude of the postulated near-dessication of Lake Bonneville from ca. 13,000-12,200 yr ago.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation and Climate on the Taymyr Lowland, Northern Siberia
Authors: Andreev Andrei A. , Siegert Christine , Klimanov Vladimir A. , Derevyagin Aleksandr Yu. , Shilova Galina N. , Melles Martin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPollen records from perennially frozen sequences provide vegetation and climate reconstruction for the last 48,000 14C years in the central part of Taymyr Peninsula. Open larch forest with Alnus fruticosa and Betula nana grew during the Kargin (Middle Weichselian) Interstade, ca. 48,000–25,000 14C yr B.P. The climate was generally warmer and wetter than today. Open steppe-like communities with Artemisia, Poaceae, Asteraceae, and herb tundralike communities with dwarf Betula and Salix dominated during the Sartan (Late Weichselian) Stade, ca. 24,000–10,300 14C yr B.P. The statistical information method used for climate reconstruction shows that the coldest climate was ca. 20,000–17,000 14C yr B.P. A warming (Allerød Interstade?) with mean July temperature ca. 1.5°C warmer than today occurred ca. 12,000 14C yr B.P. The following cooling with temperatures about 3°–4°C cooler than present and precipitation about 100 mm lower corresponds well with the Younger Dryas Stade. Tundra–steppe vegetation changed to Betula nana–Alnus fruticosa shrub tundra ca. 10,000 14C yr B.P. Larch appeared in the area ca. 9400 14C yr B.P. and disappeared after 2900 14C yr B.P. Cooling events ca. 10,500, 9600, and 8200 14C yr B.P. characterized the first half of the Holocene. A significant warming occurred ca. 8500 14C yr B.P., but the Holocene temperature maximum was at about 6000–4500 14C yr B.P. The vegetation cover approximated modern conditions ca. 2800 14C yr B.P. Late Holocene warming events occurred at ca. 3500, 2000, and 1000 14C yr B.P. A cooling (Little Ice Age?) took place between 500 and 200 14C yr ago.
Generating Test Sets from Non-Deterministic Stream X-Machines
Authors: Ipate Florentin , Holcombe Mike 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
X-machines were proposed by Holcombe as a possible specification language and since then a number of further investigations have demonstrated that the model is intuitive and easy to use as well as general enough to cater for a wide range of applications. In particular (generalised) stream X-machines have been found to be extremely useful as a specification method and most of the theory developed so far has concentrated on this particular class of X-machines. Furthermore, a method for testing systems specified by stream X-machines exists and is proved to detect all faults of the implementation provided that the system meets certain initial requirements. However, this method can only be used to generate test sequences from deterministic X-machine specifications. In this paper we present the theoretical basis for a method for generating test sets from non-deterministic generalised stream X-machines.