bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact after 20 years of an early detection program for severe retinopathy of prematurity in a Latin American city
Authors: Zuluaga-Botero Claudia , Cantor Erika , Bonilla Francisco , Robayo-Velásquez Juan F , Martínez-Blanco Alexander M 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of long-standing early detection program in the incidence and trends of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Cali, Colombia.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of infants included in an ROP prevention, early detection, and prompt treatment program, from January 01, 2002, to December 31, 2021 (20 years). Infants with gestational age (GA) <37 weeks or birth weight (BW) <2000 g and those with known ROP risk factors were screened. The incidence of severe ROP was calculated, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) was estimated through a joinpoint model.

Results:
16,580 infants were screened, with an average GA and BW of 31.4 ± 2.8 weeks and 1526.5 ± 56.7 g, respectively. The incidence of severe ROP was 2.69% (446 cases, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.45%; 2.95%), with an average annual decrease of − 14% (AAPC, 95%CI: −16.3%; −11.6%) from 13.6% in 2002 to 0.7% in 2021. In infants with GA <32 weeks, the incidence was 5.21%. A significant reduction in the risk of ROP was observed with increasing GA and BW (P < 0.05). Among the cases with severe ROP, 6.5% (29/446) had a GA ≥32 weeks with a maximum of 37 weeks; only 0.4% (2/446) of the detected infants had a BW >2000 g.

Conclusion:
Awareness and screening as part of the early detection program to prevent ROP has shown a significant decline in the incidence of severe ROP over time. Screening infants with GA <32 weeks or BW <2000 g and preterm infants (<37 weeks) with risk factors may be a feasible decision for resource optimization.
Comparison of intraoperative blood pressure values measured by noninvasive versus invasive methods during normotension, hypertension, and hypotension
Authors: Irimpan Joel , Kesavan Rajesh , Rajan Sunil , Kumar Lakshmi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Monitoring of intraoperative blood pressure (BP) is essential. We aimed to compare BP values simultaneously recorded by invasive and noninvasive methods under general anesthesia (GA) during normotension, hypertension, and hypotension. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) values calculated by the automated technique were also compared to the values obtained using predefined formula.

Material and Methods:
An observational, prospective study was conducted in 250 adult patients undergoing elective surgeries under GA. Before induction, noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) was measured in the arm in a supine position using an automated oscillometer. Radial artery in the opposite arm was cannulated. NIBP and arterial BP (ABP) were recorded simultaneously during normotension, hypotension, and hypertension.

Results:
During normotension and hypertension, systolic BP (SBP) measured by NIBP and ABP were comparable. Diastolic BP (DBP) and MAP during normotension were significantly higher with NIBP (73.65 ± 7.73 vs. 65.69 ± 8.39 and 87.79 ± 8.43 vs. 84.24 ± 8.82, respectively). During hypertension, DBP and MAP were significantly higher with NIBP (90.44 ± 11.61 vs. 78.59 ± 11.09 and 111.67 ± 10.43 vs. 105.63 ± 11.06, respectively). During hypotension, SBP was significantly higher in ABP (91.14 ± 6.90 vs. 86.24 ± 6.06), and DBP and MAP were comparable. Comparison of MAP measured by ABP and NIBP techniques with the MAP calculated using predefined formula in normotension showed significantly higher values with the automated technique.

Conclusions:
During normotension and hypertension, DBP and MAP showed significantly higher values with the NIBP technique compared to ABP, with comparable SBP values. During hypotension, SBP showed significantly higher values with the ABP technique, with comparable DBP and MAP. MAP obtained using predefined formula and automated method in normotension was significantly higher with the automated technique.
Effect of operation table height on ease of mask ventilation, laryngeal view, and endotracheal intubation success
Authors: Jain Mamta , Tantia Kunika , Johar Sanjay , Singh Anish Kumar , Bansal Teena , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Optimal patient positioning and operating table height are essential for an ergonomic posture of an anesthesiologist in which there is minimal or no strain on thewrist during mask ventilation. It also avoids flexion of the neck, lower back, and knee bending at the time of laryngoscopy and intubation.

Material and Methods:
One hundred eighty patients were randomly allocated to three groups based on different table heights. The height of the table is kept at the mid-sternum level of an anesthesiologist in group 1, at the xiphoid process in group 2, and at the level of umbilicus in group 3. Laryngoscopic view with or without postural changes (exertion at wrist joint, flexion of the neck, lower back, or knee bending) was graded as per Cormack Lehane’s (CL) grading. The degree of discomfort experienced by the anesthesiologist during mask ventilation or tracheal intubation was graded subjectively (1 = no discomfort, 2 = mild discomfort, 3 = moderate discomfort, and 4 = severe discomfort) at different table heights. Postural changes required to obtain the best glottic view and quality of endotracheal (ET) intubation (intubation time and attempts required) were also noted. For analysis, quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± SD and compared using unpaired t or analysis of variance test. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies/percentages and compared using the Chi-square test. Results with P value <0.05 were considered significant statistically.

Results:
Moderate discomfort (strain at wrist joint) during bag–mask ventilation was experienced by the anesthesiologist in a maximum number of patients in group 1 (81.7%). Significant improvement was seen in CL grade after the use of postural modifications in groups 1 and 2 (P value ≤0.05). Greater postural modifications were required during ET intubation at lower table heights (group 3).

Conclusions:
It is advisable to adopt higher table positioning in relation to anesthesiologist performing the laryngoscopy for smooth and single-attempt ET intubation since the best laryngoscopic view and intubation with minimal postural modifications was seen at higher table heights (at the mid-sternum level of an anesthesiologist).
Ureteral stents: A brief narrative review of the different polymeric types, their characteristics, and their connection to stent-related symptoms
Authors: Bellos Themistoklis Ch. , Katsimperis Stamatios N. , Tzelves Lazaros I. , Kostakopoulos Nikolaos Athanasios , Markopoulos Titos P. , Mitsogiannis Iraklis C. , Varkarakis Ioannis M. , Papatsoris Athanasios G. , Deliveliotis Charalampos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
In routine urological practice, pigtails are frequently utilized to relieve blockage. Early signs of pigtail problems include pain, lower urinary tract symptoms, pain, hematuria (54%) and fever. Seventy percent of patients experience irritable voiding symptoms, and 80% of patients or even more report pain interfering with everyday activities.

Methods:
This article’s goal is to evaluate the various polymeric stents that are currently on the market. In addition, a review of their fundamental bioqualities is conducted, and a connection between their physical attributes (length, size, and composition) and stent-related issues is looked into. For this review, extensive Medline, PubMed, and literature research from 1987 to January 2023 was conducted. Lower urinary tract complaints, ureteral stents, “pigtail,” “materials,” “characteristics,” or “properties” were the search terms employed.

Results:
The reviews and publications that are now accessible linking certain materials to stent-related symptoms offer contradictory conclusions, and the majority of research do not specify the precise properties of the materials utilized. The results of the studies on the relationship between stents length and diameter and symptoms connected to stents are likewise inconclusive, despite the fact that there are several studies on this topic in the literature.

Conclusion:
Numerous studies imply a connection between the various types and properties of the utilized stents and stent-related complaints. However, the available data did not fully support this claim, necessitating additional research.
Assessment of Psychological Well-Being among Relatives of Patients Diagnosed with Psychotic Disorders in Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Titilope Maitanmi Bukola , Olaniyi Aina Joseph , Olatade Maitanmi Julius , Ajoke Anokwuru Rafiat , Oluwatoyin Oyedele Titus , Olufemi Ogungbesan Joshua , Abiodun–Ojo Olubukola Esther 
Published: October 2023

Background: Psychotic disorder contributes to the mental health global burden. Having a family member suffering from the illness may result in a caregiver's psychological well-being depletion, increased burden of care and low quality of life. The study assessed the psychological well-being and the militating stressors against the relatives of patients diagnosed with psychotic disorder psychological well-being in Neuro–a psychiatric hospital in South-west Nigeria.
Method: The research used a qualitative design to assess the psychological well-being of relatives, militating stressors against their psychological well-being and coping strategies adopted. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling technique to select forty-four (44) participants and one-on-one interviews using semi–structured interviews done. The data were collected by interview and using a recorder and the same was transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
Result: The results generated were categorized into themes and subthemes which included: lack of autonomy, acceptance of the situation, insecure relationships with families and friends, poor environmental mastery, and impact on physical and psychological well-being while the sub-themes included: uneasy decision, maladaptive coping, stigmatization, unsupportive family and friends, financial burden, and reduced quality of life.
Conclusion: The study suggests that nurses and other health professionals aid relatives in improving their coping skills, sensitization of the populace on mental disorders and provision of adequate information in the form of educational intervention may enhance their psychological well-being.
Sleep Insufficiency among Adolescents in Africa: A Narrative Review
Authors: Bello Bashir , Useh Ushotanefe , Abdurrahaman Mamuda Alhaji 
Published: October 2023

Background: Sleep insufficiency (SI) among adolescents is a global public health concern, but its prevalence and impact on African adolescents remain poorly understood. Extensive research has been conducted on SI in developed countries, but there is a lack of knowledge about its occurrence and consequences in Africa.
Objective: This study aims to thoroughly review existing literature on sleep insufficiency among African adolescents to determine the extent of SI, its health implications, and its economic burden.
Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Scopus, and Sabinet (African Journals) from the inception of these databases until February 14, 2023. The search terms used included "insufficient sleep," "sleep loss," "sleep disorders," "adolescents," "youth" aged 12-17 years, and "Africa." Only five of the 15 eligible full-text studies identified met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
Results: The available studies on SI among African adolescents were limited, but all the included studies reported a high prevalence of SI in this population. Factors associated with SI in Africa included nighttime use of electronic gadgets, co-sleeping with siblings, and nightmares. No intervention or treatment studies for SI among African adolescents were found, and none of the studies explored the health consequences or estimated the economic burden of this condition.
Conclusion: There needs to be more research on sleep insufficiency among African adolescents, with limited information regarding its prevalence, health implications, and economic burden. Further studies are necessary to address this knowledge gap, which can contribute to policymaking and developing accessible and cost-effective interventions to manage sleep insufficiency in this population.
Factors Influencing Cost Performance of Construction Projects in Kaduna State
Authors: Buba G.S. 
Published: October 2023

The prime objective of every client is to accomplish the project within the agreed budget and time. The construction industry has been described as one of the most fragmented, multifaceted, time and material-driven industry. The industry is always faced with challenges such as low quality, low productivity, delay, cost overrun, etc. The issue of cost does have obvious implications for the key stakeholders in particular, and the industry in general. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring those factors that influence cost performance of the construction projects in Kaduna State with a view of establishing the bases for professionals to note when carrying out cost management of any project. The objective of this study is to establish the main factors influencing cost in the Kaduna state construction projects. This study was carried out in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The Methodology used was quantitative research approach. With the aid of a questionnaire survey, data was collected using Simple random sampling. The target population of this study was 827 while the sample size used was 270. 198 questionnaires were filled and returned. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyse the data so as to identify factors capable of being understood. Out of which seven underlying factors were identified. The seven-component solution explained a total of 75.782% of the variance explained with component 1 contributing 19.250%, component 2 contributing 14.585%, component 3 contributing 11.737%, component 4 contributing 10.744%, component 5 contributing 7.813%, component 6 contributing 6.872% and component 7 contributing 4.781% establishing the factors influencing cost performance in the Kaduna state construction projects. They are: Project Management Factor, Expertise and Market Forces Factors, Contract Management Factors, Contractual and Socioeconomic Factors, Government Policies and External Factors, Procedural and Standards factor and, Experience and Service Cost Factor. Hence, concluded that much focus should be placed on these factors in order to reduce the cost of construction project, enhance construction cost performance for the client and generate confidence within the construction industry for professionals. The study recommended that the clients, consultants and contractors should undertake the execution of construction works with deliberate and due diligence towards minimizing these factors influence on the cost of construction project as identified from the study.
Anti-Hyperglycemic and Antioxidant Potentials of Some Bioactive Compounds Identified From The Methanolic Kernel Extract of Anacadium ocidentale in vitro and in silico Investigations
Authors: Ahmed S A , Ajiboye A T , Ibrahim Y A , Olagunju A T , Salau S , Adetunji O 
Published: October 2023

The phytochemical components of roasted kernel of cashew nut (Anacadium ocidentale), its antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic potentials were investigated via in vitro and in silico. The roasted kernel of cashew nut was extracted in 95 % methanol. Using boron trifloride (10 % in 1-butanol), the extract was derivatized and the derivatized sample was analyzed using a Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method to establish its chemical constituents. Antioxidant potential was evaluated through 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging assays. The anti-hyperglycemic potential of the crude methanol extract was investigated through α-glucosidase assay. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrate, flavonoids and terpenoids. Total numbers of 20 phytochemicals belonging to different classes of natural products were identified by GC-MS analysis. Carbonic acid, dodecyl vinyl ester (45.9 %) was found to be the major compound. Other compounds like N- serylserine, D- fructose, 3-0-methyl, β- Amyrone, β- Amyrin, Lupeol and 9- octadecenoic acid were also identified. The methanol extract of roasted cashew kernel showed highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 10 ± 0.001 µg/mL) which is statistically similar to positive controls, vitamin C and rutin (IC50 = 4 ± 0.001 and 1 ± 0.0001 µg/mL) and also exhibited moderate ABTS scavenging activity (IC50 = 14 ± 0.001 µg/mL) which is statistically significant as compared to positive controls, vitamin C (IC50 = 13 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and rutin (IC50 = 16 ± 0.001 µg/mL) respectively. The result of enzyme inhibition assay showed that the extract possesses highest anti-hyperglycemic potential against α-glucosidase with IC50 value (0.00024 ± 0.00002 µg/mL) compared to standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 0.417 ±0.021 µg/mL). The in silico techniques comprising the molecular docking, bioactivity and toxicity studies provides insight into the inhibitory properties, structure-activity-relationship predictions and drug-likeliness activities of the identified compounds. The research reveals the bioactive components present in the roasted kernel of cashew nut that can be utilized for its antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Hence consumption of roasted cashew kernel could be beneficial for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and prevention of oxidative stress-related degenerative disorders
Comparative study of fetal weight estimation by various methods at term and its correlation with the actual birth weight
Authors: Singh Anjali , K. Srivastava Anjani , Singh Ankit 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Modern obstetrics aims to achieve the best quality of life for both mother and her unborn child. Birth weight is an important predictor of neonatal outcome, and its prenatal estimation plays a significant role in the comprehensive evaluation and management of high- risk pregnancies. This study aims to estimate fetal weight using different clinical methods and ultrasonography and compare these methods with the actual birth weight.
METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional comparative study of 200 full-term pregnant women admitted to the Northern Railway Central Hospital, New Delhi, between June 2014 and June 2015 was conducted. Patients in whom delivery was anticipated and completed within 1 week were included. Fetal weights were estimated clinically using Insler’s and Johnson’s formula and ultrasound using Hadlock’s formula. Estimates were then compared with actual birth weight. RESULTS: Both the clinical methods showed underestimation of fetal weight, while ultrasound estimation of fetal weight showed overestimation. Clinical methods had a lower average error in fetal weight estimation than ultrasonography methods. Reliability statistics showed a better prediction of fetal weight if all three methods were used in conjunction.
CONCLUSION: Clinical methods were found to be better than the ultrasonography method for fetal weight estimation. Clinical methods are easy and cost-effective for the patients, so all relevant health workers should be taught how to undertake this skill competently. However, all the methods must be used in conjunction.
Effective Enhancement of Post-Harvest Tomato Storage through Wrapping Using Deacetylated Chitin Nanofibril-Plasticized Honey Films
Authors: Mushi Ngesa Ezekiel , Meela Edina , Kaombe Divina 
Published: October 2023

As one of the most grown seasonal fruit, tomato is widely consumed for making food products, drugs and ornaments. However, poor post-harvest handling system, transport and storage facilities deteriorate the quality of tomato fruits resulting into post-harvest losses. These problems have been addressed by the use of nanotechnology in this study. The combination of a chitosan surface and the core shell chitin results into novel deacetylated chitin nanofibril (DeChNF) with good biological activity and mechanical strength. The effectiveness of the DeChNF films for food preservation as an alternative material to chitosan is investigated. The DeChNF with degree of acetylation (DA) = 60.2% and chitosan (DA = 7.1%) were obtained from crab shells. Two appraches were employed to store freshly matured tomatoes harvested at a breaker stage. The tomatoes were coated with the colloidal suspension and wrapped in the films. Flexible wrapping films were prepared from the colloidal suspension through solution casting using bees honey (35%) and compared to those with glycerol (25%) as plastisizers. The main output storage parameters analysed include colour development, surface spoilage, and weight loss over 20 days at a 73% relative humidity. Tomatoes covered with DeChNF-honey and chitosan-honey films remained in good condition after 20 days, while the coated samples lasted for up to 15 days, except those coated with DeChNF, and those covered with a polyethylene films or stored in a refrigerator at 9 °C. The samples covered with DeChNF films plasticized with honey showed the best resistance against weight loss. The tensile strength of the DeChNF-honey films (strength = 21.32 MPa) and the chitosan-honey films (strength = 21.86 MPa) were higher than the polyethylene films (10.9 MPa). The current work increases understanding on DeChNF as an alternative material, with additional of honey as a plasticizer, over the superior chitosan, or commercial films based on fossil resources.
Sustainability of Renewable Energy Options as Compared to Coal-Fired Power Plants in Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

Though frequent availability of energy is vital for economic growth, using any energy source can have a certain degree of impact on the environment. Pakistan is facing the worst power crisis nowadays. The government of Pakistan has been focused to find energy solutions in fossil fuels. As the world moves towards a clean sustainable direction, coal sources, are cheap at the moment, and new coal-based power plants can be put up quickly with a predictable output, but with the degradation of the environment, Pakistan can utilize sustainable energy resources such as biomass, solar energy, hydropower, and wind power; which are frequently available in Pakistan and can generate environment-friendly power above 40,000 MW. It is necessary to consider these sustainable energy resources, as their prices have been dipping dramatically and it is now cheaper to build new commercial plants based on improved technologies able to generate more electricity. The present paper discusses the insight environment-friendly sustainable energy options available in Pakistan other than coal-fired plants to overcome future energy demand.

Received: 4 July 2023 | Revised: 15 September 2023 | Accepted: 15 October 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.