bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness during hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
Authors: Affinito P. , Palomba S. , Pellicano M. , Sorrentino C. , Di Carlo C. , Morgera R. , Arienzo M. P. , Nappi C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to measure endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography during two regimens of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in post‐menopausal women and to compare these data with endometrial histology.Transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of endometrial thickness and endometrial biopsy were performed in 80 postmenopausal women before and after 6 months of HRT (between the 24th and the 28th day of the cycle). The group was randomized so that 40 women (Group A) were treated with a continuous sequential regimen consisting of 5 μg/day of estradiol continuously and 5 mg/day of medrogestone from the 17th to the 28th day of the cycle; and 40 women (Group B) were given continuous administration of 50 μg/day estradiol and 5 mg/day medrogestone.Prior to therapy, there was no significant difference in mean endometrial thickness between the groups. After 6 months of therapy, endometrial thickness was significantly increased in comparison with basal values in both groups. The mean value was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Group A (8.5 ± 3.7 mm) than in Group B (3.6 ± 1.3 mm). In Group A, endometrial thickness was ≤ 4 mm in 16.7% of patients and ≤ 8 mm in 69.5% of patients. In Group B, 91% of patients had an endometrium of ≤ 4 mm. In both groups, the thickness of the atrophic endometrium was less than that of the other histological types of endometrium (4.1 ± 0.3 mm for Group A and 3.5 ± 1.2 mm for Group B). In Group A, the difference in mean endometrial thickness between the proliferative and secretory endometrium was not statistically significant. In both groups, the transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness of ≤ 4 mm had a high sensitivity for detecting atrophic endometrium (83.3% for Group A and 93.7% for Group B).Our data demonstrate the great accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonographic endometrial thickness measurement in the patients treated with continuous combined HRT. Therefore, in these women, measurement of thickness alone may be sufficient for adequate endometrial assessment. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly assisted by vaginal sonography and power Doppler
Authors: Pilu G. , Falco P. , Milano V. , Perolo A. , Bovicelli L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn two mid‐trimester fetuses with microcephaly, transvaginal sonography revealed aberrant findings, including large subarachnoid spaces and a rudimentary shape of the lateral ventricles. In one of these fetuses, power Doppler ultrasound demonstrated a discrepancy in the size of the signals generated by the intracranial arteries branching from the internal carotids and those branching from the vertebral arteries, and this was interpreted as the consequence of a reduced blood supply to the undersized cerebral hemispheres. We suggest that evaluation of intracranial anatomy by transvaginal sonography and power Doppler examination of the cerebral vessels may be of value in the diagnosis of fetal microcephaly. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of massive subchorionic thrombohematoma
Authors: Richards D. S. , Bennett B. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMassive subchorionic thrombohematoma is a rare condition in which a large maternal blood clot separates the chorionic plate from the villous chorion. This condition is usually complicated by intrauterine growth restriction, and is often associated with fetal distress and perinatal death. We present a case in which the diagnosis of massive subchorionic thrombohematoma was made at 24 weeks' gestation. Doppler ultrasound helped to confirm the diagnosis and demonstrated severely abnormal umbilical blood flow. Two days after the diagnosis, fetal distress prompted emergency Cesarean delivery of a growth‐restricted infant. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal liver volume measurement by three‐dimensional ultrasonography: a preliminary study
Authors: Laudy J. A. M. , Janssen M. M. M. , Struyk P. C. , Stijnen T. , Wallenburg H. C. S. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the application of three‐dimensional ultrasonography in measuring fetal liver volume during the second half of normal pregnancy.DesignA prospective cross‐sectional study of normal fetal liver volume at 19–39 weeks of gestation (median 29 weeks).SubjectsThirty‐four non‐smoking women with a singleton pregnancy resulting in the delivery of a healthy infant with a birth weight between the 5th and 95th centiles according to the Kloosterman tables adjusted for maternal parity and fetal sex.MethodsFor fetal liver volume measurements, a simultaneous recording of a frontal section of the liver immediately anterior to the stomach and a sagittal section of the liver were obtained using a standard Combison 530 ultrasound machine with a 5‐MHz annular array transducer for volume scanning.ResultsTechnically acceptable fetal liver volume measurements were obtained in 25 of 34 participating women. Mean fetal liver volume data (P50) ranged between 8 ml at 20 weeks' gestation and 116 ml at 38 weeks' gestation. A statistically significant increase in normal fetal liver volume was found with advancing gestational age (p < 0.0001) and with increasing estimated fetal weight (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThree‐dimensional ultrasound allows measurement of fetal liver volume, and this demonstrated an approximately 14‐fold increase during the second half of pregnancy. It is speculated that three‐dimensional fetal liver volume measurement may identify the fetus at risk of growth restriction. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of club foot with particular attention to the implications and outcomes of isolated club foot
Authors: Rijhsinghani A. , Yankowitz J. , Kanis A. B. , Mueller G. M. , Yankowitz D. K. , Williamson R. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThere are no studies to date on the implications and outcomes of antenatally detected isolated club foot. The purpose of this study was to perform a contemporary evaluation of club foot diagnosed in the antenatal period.DesignWe performed a retrospective analysis of all ultrasound examinations performed in 1989–96 in the Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Unit of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (n = 23 863).Subjects and methods All cases of club foot (n = 35) were evaluated for the presence of other detectable abnormalities and karyotype results if available. Postnatal follow‐up was performed until over 1 year of age.ResultsWe diagnosed unilateral (n = 18) and bilateral (n = 17) club foot from 17.4 to 37.0 weeks. Defects involving other systems were found in 28 of 35 cases. Of the seven cases considered to be isolated antenatally, three were diagnosed with additional malformations in the neonatal period.ConclusionMost cases of antenatally diagnosed club foot were not isolated. Even when they were thought to be isolated on antenatal ultrasound, over half of them were later found to be associated with additional severe abnormalities that were detectable only in the neonatal period. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Gestational age in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization: comparison between ultrasound measurements and actual age
Authors: Wennerholm U.‐B. , Bergh C. , Hagberg H. , Sultan B. , Wennergren M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare gestational age (GA) calculated from oocyte retrieval and from ultrasound measurements in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF).DesignIn a retrospective study of 253 women with singleton and 84 women with twin pregnancies conceived from IVF, GA calculated from the day of oocyte retrieval was compared with GA calculated in the second trimester of pregnancy from ultrasound measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL).ResultsFor singletons, the mean GA calculated from ultrasound measurements was significantly shorter than the mean GA estimated from the day of oocyte retrieval. The mean difference was 1.9 days (SD 3.3; 95% CI 1.5–2.4) if only BPD was used and 2.1 days (SD 2.1; 95% CI 1.6–2.5) if BPD and FL were combined.For twins, the mean GA calculated from ultrasound measurements was also significantly shorter than the mean GA calculated from the day of oocyte retrieval. The mean difference was 1.4 days (SD 2.7; 95% CI 1.0–1.8) if BPD was used and 1.6 days (SD 2.5; 95% CI 1.2–2.0) if BPD and FL were combined.ConclusionsIn IVF pregnancies, term prediction using ultrasound in the second trimester is reliable and may reduce the number of pregnancies subsequently classified as post‐term, thus avoiding unnecessary obstetric interventions. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal ultrasonography at 18–23 weeks in predicting placenta previa at delivery
Authors: Taipale P. , Hiilesmaa V. , Ylöstalo P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether transvaginal ultrasonography at 18–23 weeks' gestation is useful in predicting placenta previa at delivery.DesignWe performed transvaginal ultrasonography in addition to routine transabdominal ultrasonography in 3696 consecutive non‐selected pregnant women with singleton fetuses and measured the distance from the placental edge to the internal cervical os.ResultsIn 57 of 3696 patients (1.5%), the placental edge extended to or over the internal cervical os. In 27 patients (0.7%), the placenta extended ≥ 15 mm over the internal cervical os; in these cases the positive predictive value of placenta previa at delivery was 19% (95% CI, 6–38%) with 100% (95% CI, 48–100%) sensitivity. With ≥ 25 mm used as the cut‐off point, ten cases (0.3%) were screen‐positive and the positive predictive value for previa at delivery was 40% (95% CI, 12–74%) and sensitivity was 80% (95% CI, 28–100%). The frequency of placenta previa at delivery in this population was five of 3696 (0.14%, 95% CI, 0.04–0.31%).ConclusionsWe recommend confirmatory transvaginal ultrasonography if placenta previa is suspected at transabdominal ultrasonography in mid‐pregnancy, and reexamination at 26–30 weeks if the placental edge covers the internal cervical os by 15 mm or more. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Poor perinatal outcome associated with vasa previa: is it preventable? A report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Fung T. Y. , Lau T. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe three cases of vasa previa and review the English‐language literature for all cases reported since 1980. Antenatal diagnosis was significantly associated with decreased fetal mortality (p = 0.033). A low‐lying placenta is a risk factor for vasa previa, as it occurred in 81% of patients. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The pattern of changes in ovarian stromal and uterine artery blood flow velocities during in vitro fertilization treatment and its relationship with outcome of the cycle
Authors: Engmann L. , Sladkevicius P. , Agrawal R. , Bekir J. , Campbell S. , Tan S. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effect of short‐term (2–3 weeks) pituitary suppression and controlled ovarian stimulation on ovarian and uterine artery Doppler measurements during the fertilization (IVF) treatment cycle and to compare the pattern of these changes between conception and non‐conception cycles as well as between patients with normal and those with polycystic ovaries.DesignProspective observational study of women undergoing IVF treatment.SubjectsWomen using the long‐treatment buserelin protocol who did not have uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts or endometrioma.MethodsSerial transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler measurements of ovarian stromal and uterine artery blood flow velocity were carried out in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, on the day of pituitary suppression and on the day of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The main outcome measures were the ovarian stromal and uterine artery blood flow peak systolic velocity (PSV) and pulsatility index (PI).ResultsA total of 105 patients were recruited but six patients were excluded from the analysis because they had only one stage of the measurements performed. There was a significant decline in mean ovarian stromal artery PSV after 2–3 weeks of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy but no effect on ovarian stromal artery PI. The mean uterine artery PSV or PI did not change significantly after 2–3 weeks of GnRH agonist therapy. There was a significantly higher mean ovarian stromal artery PSV in conception cycles compared to non‐conception cycles in the early follicular phase and on the day of pituitary suppression, but not on the day of hCG administration. There were no differences between conception and non‐conception cycles in the mean uterine artery PSV or PI. Women with polycystic ovaries had a higher mean ovarian artery PSV on all the three occasions of measurement.ConclusionThese data suggest that assessment of ovarian blood flow before commencement of gonadotropin stimulation may play a role in assessing cycles likely to result in pregnancy. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal growth rate and adverse perinatal events
Authors: de Jong C. L. D. , Francis A. , van Geijn H. P. , Gardosi J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo study fetal weight gain and its association with adverse perinatal events in a serially scanned high‐risk population.Subjects and methods A total of 200 pregnant women considered at increased risk of uteroplacental insufficiency had a total of 1140 scans in the third trimester, with a median of six scans in each pregnancy. The average fetal growth rate was retrospectively calculated for the last 6 weeks to birth, and expressed as daily weight gain in grams per day. Adverse pregnancy outcome was defined as operative delivery for fetal distress, acidotic umbilical artery pH (< 7.15), or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).ResultsFetuses with normal outcome in this high‐risk pregnancy population had an average antenatal growth rate of 24.2 g/day. Compared to pregnancies with normal outcome, the growth rate was slower in those that required operative delivery for fetal distress (20.9 g/day, p < 0.05) and those that required admission to the NICU (20.3 g/day, p < 0.05). The growth rate in pregnancies resulting in acidotic umbilical artery pH also seemed lower, but this did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsImpaired fetal weight gain prior to birth is associated with adverse perinatal events suggestive of growth failure. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Diagnosis of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in the first trimester by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Schwärzler P. , Ville Y. , Moscosco G. , Tennstedt C. , Bollmann R. , Chaoui R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence was diagnosed at 12 weeks' gestation using transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound, which demonstrated the presence of retrograde perfusion in the umbilical artery of the abnormal twin. Ultrasound imaging showed a monochorionic‐diamniotic twin pregnancy with an inappropriately grown second twin, the morphological evaluation of which revealed an abnormal cephalic pole with acrania, diffuse subcutaneous edema and the presence of cardiac activity in an abnormal heart with a single chamber. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of a lean umbilical cord: a simple marker for the fetus at risk of being small for gestational age at birth
Authors: Raio L. , Ghezzi F. , Di Naro E. , Franchi M. , Maymon E. , Mueller M. D. , Brühwiler H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether the prenatal diagnosis of a ‘lean’ umbilical cord in otherwise normal fetuses identifies fetuses at risk of being small for gestational age (SGA) at birth and of having distress in labor. The umbilical cord was defined as lean when its cross‐sectional area on ultrasound examination was below the 10th centile for gestational age.MethodPregnant women undergoing routine sonographic examination were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were gestational age greater than 20 weeks, intact membranes, and singleton gestation. The sonographic cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord was measured in a plane adjacent to the insertion into the fetal abdomen. Umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were recorded during fetal apnea and fetal anthropometric parameters were measured.ResultsDuring the study period, 860 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 3.6% delivered a SGA infant. The proportion of SGA infants was higher among fetuses who had a lean umbilical cord on ultrasound examination than among those with a normal umbilical cord (11.5% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.05). Fetuses with a lean cord had a risk 4.4‐fold higher of being SGA at birth than those with a normal umbilical cord. After 25 weeks of gestation, this risk was 12.4 times higher when the umbilical cord was lean than when it was of normal size. The proportion of fetuses with meconium‐stained amniotic fluid at delivery was higher among fetuses with a lean cord than among those with a normal umbilical cord (14.6% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001). The proportion of infants who had a 5‐min Apgar score < 7 was higher among those who had a lean cord than among those with normal umbilical cord (5.2% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.05). Considering only patients admitted in labor with intact membranes and who delivered an appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age infant, the proportion of fetuses who had oligohydramnios at the time of delivery was higher among those who had a lean cord than among those with a normal umbilical cord (17.6% versus 1.3%, p < 0.01).ConclusionWe conclude that fetuses with a lean umbilical cord have an increased risk of being small for gestational age at birth and of having signs of distress at the time of delivery. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Microcalcifications of non‐palpable breast lesions detected by ultrasonography: correlation with mammography and histopathology
Authors: Huang C.‐S. , Wu C.‐Y. , Chu J.‐S. , Lin J.‐H. , Hsu S.‐M. , Chang K.‐J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesMicrocalcifications are generally not demonstrated well on ultrasonography. In this study, we attempted to demonstrate the usefulness of high‐resolution ultrasonography in the detection of microcalcifications associated with non‐palpable breast cancers.DesignFourteen patients with non‐palpable breast lesions in whom microcalcifications were detected or suspected by ultrasonography and one patient in whom microcalcifications were detected on mammography only were included in the study. Mammography and analysis of biopsy specimens were performed in each patient and the findings were correlated with the ultrasonographic findings. Ultrasonography and mammography were performed independently by different physicians at different times.ResultsIn three patients ≤ 30 years of age, who were not at high risk of breast cancer and who had no evidence of cancer on palpation, high‐resolution ultrasonography clearly showed microcalcifications but no mass. Two of these patients had ductal carcinoma in situ and one had small invasive carcinoma with extensive comedocarcinoma. Among the other 12 patients with non‐palpable breast lesions, ultrasonography detected microcalcifications accurately in six and suggested possible microcalcifications in a further four. Microcalcifications in all of these ten patients were confirmed by mammography thereafter. Four of these ten patients had ductal carcinoma in situ, with or without invasive carcinoma. Of the remaining two patients, one demonstrated false‐positive findings and one false‐negative findings on ultrasound. On high‐resolution ultrasonography, microcalcifications produced the appearance of twinkling stars (bright dots in different planes) in a dark sky (contrasted against ill‐defined hypoechoic patches), corresponding on histopathology to groups of expanded ducts with increased cell density with or without necrosis.ConclusionHigh‐resolution ultrasonography may be used for detection of microcalcifications in non‐palpable breast lesions. Ultrasonography is helpful in screening for early breast cancers, especially in young patients who are at risk for breast cancer and in whom mammography is not usually carried out. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
P41Prenatal diagnosis of chorioangioma of the placentae: case report
Authors:   Nurwansyah, Murti K. , Taufik E. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundChorioangioma of the placentae are the most common primary tumors of the placentae, occurring in 1% of all pregnancies. In the past, the majority of patients' diagnosis is made after the delivery of the placenta. But, with the increasing use of ultrasound, prenatal diagnosis of these tumors is should become more common. Clinical implications of placental chorioangioma have been associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes such as polyhydramnios, premature labor, fetal hydrops, fetal disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, fetal anemia, fetal cardiomegaly, fetal growth retardation, abruptio placentae, gestosis and maternal hemolysis.CaseA 25‐year‐old primigravid was admitted to the hospital in 35th week of gestation with premature rupture of the membrane (PROM). Ultrasound examinations were performed on two occasions. First, at 28 weeks gestation, ultrasound revealed placental tumor and no fetal abnormality. The second one, at admission, ultrasound revealed olygohydramnios caused by PROM, intrauterine growth retardation and large placental echogenic mass with anechoic parts. Diagnosis was made as placental chorioangioma.ConclusionDemonstrating well‐circumscribed placental mass with or without anechoic area and its clinical implications makes prenatal diagnosis of placental chorioangioma.