bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of defect evolution in tungsten during annealing by developing a vacancy and interstitial-type defect evolution model
Authors: Wang Zhenhou , Sang Chaofeng , Wang Dezhen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work, a Vacancy and Interstitial-Type Defect Evolution (VITDE) model is developed to study the annealing and clustering behaviors of the irradiation-induced defect in tungsten (W). The post annealing of W-ion damaging at 300 K (called post-damaging annealing) and simultaneous annealing of W-ion damaging (called dynamic annealing) are simulated. In the post-damaging annealing case, the W is damaged by 20 MeV W-ion irradiation for 1h at 300 K, then the damaged W is annealed for 1h via increasing the temperature to 1000 K. In the dynamic annealing case, the defect evolution under simultaneous damaging and annealing is simulated using the same parameters as Case 1. The simulation results indicate the dynamic annealing case has lower induced defects concentration than the post-irradiation annealing case, which is in qualitative agreement with the experiment. The diffusion of interstitial, vacancy, di-interstitial and di-vacancy, and the cluster properties in the defect annealing are investigated and larger size Vn clusters are observed in dynamic annealing case than in post-damaging annealing case. The dependences of the defect evolution on material temperature (T) and grain size are revealed. By increasing the T, the defect concentration is decreased, which reproduces and explains the experimental result. The Vn trap amount with the reduction of grain size for two cases show a larger difference at T = 400 K, observing the Vn trap amount is unchanged for post-damaging annealing, whereas it is significantly increased by dynamic annealing.
Detecting ALP wiggles at TeV energies
Authors: Kachelrieß M. , Tjemsland J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Axions and axion-like-particles (ALPs) are characterised by their two-photon
coupling, which entails so-called photon-ALP oscillations as photons
propagate through a magnetic field. These oscillations lead
to distinctive signatures in the energy spectrum of high-energy photons
from astrophysical sources, allowing one to probe the existence of ALPs.
In particular, photon-ALP oscillations will induce energy dependent
oscillatory features, or “ALP wiggles”, in the photon spectra. We propose
to use the discrete power spectrum to search for ALP wiggles and
present a model-independent statistical test.
By using PKS 2155-304 as an example, we show that the method has the
potential to significantly improve the experimental sensitivities for ALP
wiggles, and that the ALP wiggles
may be detected using the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
for optimistic values of the photon-ALP coupling constant and the magnetic
field.
Moreover, we discuss how these sensitivities depend on the modelling of the
magnetic field. We find
that the use of realistic magnetic field models, due to their larger cosmic
variance, substantially enhances detection prospects compared to the use of
simplified models.
Interacting dark energy: clarifying the cosmological implications and viability conditions
Authors: van der Westhuizen Marcel A. , Abebe Amare 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, cosmological models are considered, where dark matter and dark energy are coupled and may exchange energy through non-gravitational interactions with one other. These interacting dark energy (IDE) models have previously been introduced to address problems with the standard ΛCDM model of cosmology (which include the coincidence problem, Hubble tension and S_8 discrepancy). However, conditions ensuring positive energy densities have often been overlooked. Assuming two different linear dark energy couplings, Q = δ H ρ_de and Q = δ H ρ_dm, we find that negative energy densities are inevitable if energy flows from dark matter to dark energy (iDMDE regime) and that consequently, we should only seriously consider models where energy flows from dark energy to dark matter (iDEDM regime). To additionally ensure that these models are free from early time instabilities, we need to require that dark energy is in the `phantom' (ω<-1) regime. This has the consequence that model Q=δ H ρ_dm will end with a future big rip singularity, while Q = δ H ρ_de may avoid this fate with the right choice of cosmological parameters.
Epidemic extinction in a simplicial susceptible-infected-susceptible model
Authors: Guo Yingshan , Shen Chuansheng , Chen Hanshuang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the extinction of epidemics in a simplicial susceptible-infected-susceptible model, where each susceptible individual becomes infected either by two-body interactions (

S
+
I
→
2
I

) with a rate β or by three-body interactions (

S
+
2
I
→
3
I

) with a rate

β
(
1
+
δ
)

, and each infected individual spontaneously recovers (I → S) with a rate µ. We focus on the case δ > 0 that embodies a synergistic reinforcement effect in group interactions. By using the theory of large fluctuations to solve approximately for the master equation, we reveal two different scenarios for an optimal path to extinction, and derive the associated action

S

for

β
b

<
β
<

β
c

and for

β
>

β
c

, where

β
b

=
4
(
1
+
δ
)

/

(
2
+
δ

)
2

and

β
c

=
1

are two different bifurcation points. The action

S

shows different scaling laws with the distance of the infectious rate to the transition points β

b
and β

c
, characterized by two different exponents: 3/2 and 1, respectively. Interestingly, the second-order derivative of

S

with respect to β is discontinuous at

β
=

β
c

, while

S

and its first-order derivative are both continuous, reminiscent of the second-order phase transitions in equilibrium systems. Finally, a rare-event simulation method is used to compute the mean extinction time, which depends exponentially on

S

and the size N of the population. The simulation results are in good agreement with the proposed theory.
Canadian Light Source beam position visualization tool
Authors: Bree M A , Batten T D , Vogt J M , Stevens C W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Canadian Light Source orbit correction system acquires, collates, and publishes storage ring beam centroid position information from 48 beam position monitors (BPMs) at a rate of 1000 samples per second. We present a ”Beam Position Visualization Tool” that computes and displays dynamic Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) and Cumulative Power Spectral Densities (CPSDs) for all BPMs in real-time using full resolution data. The computed FFTs and CPSDs can be plotted in various combinations and in waterfall plots that allow visualization of changes over long periods of time. In addition, correlations between all BPM channel combinations are computed and ranked. Data from any two BPM channels can be selected for plotting in two dimensions wherein correlations are visually apparent. Computed CPSDs are further binned and archived for further analysis. Preliminary results from the Beam Position Visualization Tool have proven useful in identifying storage ring beam position noise at the Canadian Light Source.
A model of radiofrequency and plasma coupling for compact ion sources and design
Authors: Cavenago M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Inductive coupling of radiofrequency power to plasma is a complicate process, since it depends from the density of plasma itself, because ionization is a chain reaction process, and, at low density a capacitive coupling may mix with inductive coupling (with no Faraday screen).
Plasma temperature Te
, density ne
and vector potential are closely coupled, giving nonlinear and singular systems of Partial Differential equations, which require slow iterative solutions, motivating the consideration of a 2D model, also as rapid design and first approximation tool. Plasma conductivity and heating depend on collision rate, which includes also the so-called stochastic collisions (mainly electron collisions with walls), proportionally more important at low gas density ng
. Conductivity is also affected by static and radiofrequency magnetic fields; results for skin depth and stochastic collision estimates are reported. The transport of Te
and ne
inside source can be controlled by a magnetic filter B

f
. Considering a 5 cm radius H- ion source as example, solution of ne
and Te
are reported as a function of filter strength B
fa, applied rf power and wall status; solver convergence methods and
key plasma observables are briefly discussed. Due to small dimension, a filter strength B
fa in the order of 8 mT is needed to achieve electron temperature lower than 2 eV (for negative ion production) at extraction.
Speckle-based imaging (SBI) applications with spectral photon counting detectors at the newly established OPTIMATO
(OPTimal IMAging and TOmography) laboratory
Authors: Trapani Vittorio Di , Savatović Sara , Marco Fabio De , Lautizi Ginevra , Margini Marco , Thibault Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Speckle-based imaging (SBI) is an advanced X-ray imaging technique that measures phase and
dark-field signals, in addition to absorption signals. SBI uses random wavefront modulators to
generate speckles and requires two images: one with a speckle pattern alone, and one with both the
sample and speckles. SBI reconstruction algorithms retrieve three signals (transmission,
refraction, and dark-field) by comparing the two images. In SBI, speckle visibility plays a
crucial role in the retrieval of the three signals. When translating the technique from
synchrotron sources to compact laboratory setups, the reduced coherence of the source and
limitations in the available resolution yield lower speckle visibility, hampering the retrieval of
phase and dark-field signals. In this context, direct-detection CdTe X-ray photon-counting
detectors (XPCDs) provide an attractive solution, as they allow for a high detection efficiency
and optimal spatial resolution enhancing speckle visibility. In this work, we present the newly
established OPTIMATO (OPTimal IMAging and TOmography) laboratory for X-ray imaging hosted at the
Elettra synchrotron (Trieste, Italy). The setup for SBI with resolutions up to
15 µm including an XPCD and a charge-integrating flat-panel detector (FPD) has
been used to acquire SBI data. The main limiting factors when moving SBI applications from
synchrotron facilities to compact laboratory setups are summarized. The advantages of XPCDs over
FPDs are discussed by comparing the SBI images obtained using both detectors. The potential of the
spectral decomposition approach via multi-threshold acquisitions using XPCDs is briefly
introduced. The results shown in this work represent the first step toward the realization of a
multimodal and multiresolution X-ray facility.
Neural repair and regeneration interfaces: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sha Baoning , Du Zhanhong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Neural interfaces play a pivotal role in neuromodulation, as they enable precise intervention into aberrant neural activity and facilitate recovery from neural injuries and resultant functional impairments by modulating local immune responses and neural circuits. This review outlines the development and applications of these interfaces and highlights the advantages of employing neural interfaces for neural stimulation and repair, including accurate targeting of specific neural populations, real-time monitoring and control of neural activity, reduced invasiveness, and personalized treatment strategies. Ongoing research aims to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and functionality of these interfaces, ultimately augmenting their therapeutic potential for various neurological disorders. The review focuses on electrophysiological and optophysiology neural interfaces, discussing functionalization and power supply approaches. By summarizing the techniques, materials, and methods employed in this field, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications and future directions for neural repair and regeneration devices.
Classifying climate vulnerability and inequalities in India, Mexico, and Nigeria: a latent class analysis approach
Authors: Pinchoff Jessie , Mahapatra Bidhubhusan , Mishra Raman , Adedimeji Adebola , Patel Sangram K , Regules Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The climate crisis exacerbates social, economic, and health disparities. This study employs innovative methods to identify distinct groups affected by recent climate events. A mobile phone-based survey was conducted in April 2022 with individuals residing in multiple climate-affected states across three countries: India (n = 1020), Mexico (n = 1020), and Nigeria (n = 1021). Latent class analysis and classification and regression tree analysis were used to identify the groups most exposed to climate events, the effects and responses taken, and then to identify the characteristics associated with group membership. Effects included housing damage or lost work, while responses included actions such as borrowing money or dropping out of school. Findings revealed four distinct groups: Group 1 reported low exposure, no effects, or responses (49% of respondents in India, 43% in Mexico, and 27% in Nigeria); Group 2 experienced multiple hazards with moderate effects and some responses; Group 3 was characterized by drought exposure with more effects and responses taken; Group 4 was affected by heavy flooding and rainfall with varied effects. Notably, India had the largest proportion of respondents in Group 3 (17%), in Mexico over a quarter (29%) were in group 4, while over half of Nigerian respondents were in Group 2 (52%). Characteristics associated with membership in each group varied by country. Overall, men from rural areas with lower incomes and reliant on agriculture experienced the highest levels of exposure and vulnerability, while urban women from higher-income households were the least affected. This study underscores the importance of considering the intersectionality of risk and vulnerability when formulating policies and programs to address the impacts of climate change. Results emphasize the need for multi-sectoral policies that target the needs of different groups, to reduce inequalities and tailor to the context-specific needs of the most vulnerable people and households.
Exact periodic wave solutions of the cubic-quintic Zakharov equation and their evolution with Hamilton energy
Authors: Guo Yuli , Zhang Weiguo , Li Xiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the exact periodic wave solutions of the Zakharov equation with cubic and quintic nonlinear terms, and their evolution with the energy of Hamiltonian system corresponding to the amplitudes. Based on the theory of plane dynamical system, we first make a detailed qualitative analysis to the plane dynamical system corresponding to the amplitudes of traveling wave solutions of the studied equation, then by applying the analysis method based on the first integral and several appropriate transformations, all seven families of elliptic function periodic wave solutions of the Zakharov equation are obtained. In addition, by studying the evolution limit of periodic wave solutions with respect to Hamilton energy and using the analysis method based on the first integral, all ten pairs of solitary wave solutions of the studied equations are also given under various parameter conditions. From the evolution analysis to the periodic wave solutions with respect to Hamilton energy, it can be seen that it is the energy H of the Hamiltonian system corresponding to the studied equation taking values in different ranges that makes the traveling wave solution of this equation appear as periodic wave solution or solitary wave solution.
Time evolution and the Schrödinger equation on time dependent quantum graphs
*
Authors: Smilansky Uzy , Sofer Gilad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the time dependent Schrödinger equation on a metric graph with time-dependent edge lengths, and the proper way to pose the problem so that the corresponding time evolution is unitary. We show that the well posedness of the Schrödinger equation can be guaranteed by replacing the standard Kirchhoff Laplacian with a magnetic Schrödinger operator with a harmonic potential. We then generalize the result to time dependent families of vertex conditions. We also apply the theory to show the existence of a geometric phase associated with a slowly changing quantum graph.
Environmental Adaptation Tools as an Approach to Meet Challenges in Urban Planning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldlbahi Salman Makhld M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Urban areas are facing the risk of climate change due to high temperatures, floods, storms, droughts, and the expected rise in sea levels, as a result of the rapid growth in urban and industrial activities. Cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are primarily exposed to the effects of high heat and floods after rare events of heavy rainfall. This requires the search for sustainable and appropriate planning solutions to adapt to climate change within the framework of sustainable urban planning. Urban planning can play a significant role in addressing climate change through sustainable adaptation. Therefore, the research aims to study and identify appropriate environmental tools and planning approaches that can be integrated into the urban planning methodology to adapt to climate change in urban areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Some case studies of urban areas exposed to the risk of climate change were studied and analyzed to evaluate the planning tools and approaches adopted to confront these risks. five cases were studied. The challenges and positives of these tools and approaches were deduced. The appropriate planning approach has been selected for the privacy of Saudi cities to face the effects of climate change. The research concluded that sponge cities are the appropriate approach for Saudi cities to face the risks of floods. The suitability of the sponge cities was assessed in comparison with the case of floods in Jeddah city, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research also reached steps to integrate the requirements of converting to spongy cities in the urban planning methodology at the different planning levels
Improving Pedestrian Thermal Comfort Using Optimized Urban Trees Pattern in Aswan City
Authors: Gamal El-Deen Y , Fahmy M , Temraz T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For long periods last years, the majority of cities suffer from exceptionally hot- dry climate. However, the most urban patterns within these cities are unsuitable for these severe occurrences and raise the value of the Urban Heat Island (UHI). The goal of this study is to see how UHI mitigation options affect outdoor human thermal comfort in three different forms of frequent urban trees patterns in the world’s most populous city in Egypt, Aswan. The ENVI-met model was utilised to assess meteorological using simulation climate program (Ecotect Analysis), buildings and vegetation distribution, using Pupulus Alba. All measurements were taken in a pedestrian walkway at the microclimate case study (case 1. without trees, case 2. distribution trees each 8m total coverage 50%, case 3. distribution trees each 12m total coverage 21.5% were conducted to measure, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, air temperature and prediction mean vote as a key indicator for human thermal comfort. This study provided a better understanding of the role of Urban Heat Island UHI mitigation strategies on human thermal comfort in the outdoor spaces of Aswan’s residential neighborhoods. The simulation results revealed high thermal comfort and discomfort after setting 3 cases for trees pattern for the climate and the possible vegetation (trees patterns). This result indicate that an optimized percentage of urban trees pattern can mitigate (UHI) effect and clear the role that urban trees serve in modifying microclimates.
Proposal Model for A Community-friendly Wetland Park in Egypt: A Social approach.
Authors: Eman Ayad H , Omayer Hayam M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As community engagement is considered the key to a successful project outcome, it was necessary to change the general attitude dealing with main ecosystem projects such as Wetlands from just being producers supporting primary industries to community-friendly projects providing urban spaces with recreational, educational and ecological facilities and assuring high quality of life. Wetland parks play a vital role for the benefit of its communities. This paper focuses on social aspects and values in designing Wetland parks; it emphasizes the importance of involving community groups to overcome various difficulties and challenges of these projects’ existence. The paper aims to create a design model that achieves a community-friendly Wetland Park; a social guiding model that raises community awareness, participation and ensures sustainability of such projects. A theoretical design guideline review on parks and Wetlands is being presented to provide the basis for the design model and for a community-oriented questionnaire. The paper addresses decision-makers and urban designers in Egypt providing social guidelines to engage local groups in early stages of design. The paper then directs the questionnaire survey to com-munity groups to attain the proposed design model for a community-friendly Wetland Park in Egypt that paves the way for long-term development.
The suitability of the MOSTADAM system with the global systems of sustainability in the desert city, Case study ( North Narjes project in KSA)
Authors: Hajr Mohamed , AbouElSeoud Tarek , Hesham Basant , Qotp Seham 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sustainable building practices are becoming increasingly important today, especially in desert areas with more severe environmental challenges. Numerous sustainable building assessment systems are available globally and locally, but their effectiveness and applicability in desert areas are poorly understood[1]. The world’s desert regions are facing unique environmental challenges, and sustainable building practices are becoming more important than ever. By comparing various assessment systems, we hope to identify the most effective and applicable methods for sustainable building in these areas. This research aims to compare global and local sustainable building assessment systems in desert areas to identify the most effective and suitable systems.
Applying this to a sustainable program, which is one of the programs offered by the Ministry of Municipal, Rural Affairs and Housing (MOMRAH) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)[1], where the research will mean studying its suitability within desert Areas.
Applied research on methane steam reforming properties of porous structural catalyst fabricated by selective laser melting technology
Authors: Liang Xinghua , Wei Mingzhao , Dong Dongdong , Lan LingXiao , Yan Ge , Yan Xingchen , Wang Yujiang , Yi Jianglong , Chang Cheng , Liu Min 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, structured catalysts with different specific surface areas were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), and their catalytic properties were tested by methane steam reforming experiments. The results show that the structured catalyst prepared by SLM shows high structural stability and catalytic activity with H2 yield of 51.44% and CH4 conversion of 71.94%. The structured catalyst prepared by SLM can be impregnated with the traditional catalyst, which can improve the catalytic efficiency. After impregnation, the H2 yield and CH4 conversion rate of structured catalyst can reach 71.98%, and 99.53%, respectively. Compared with the traditional catalyst, the methane conversion rate is significantly improved. This work provides a simple and efficient manufacturing method for the functional integration of catalyst and reactor, which will promote the development of chemical synthesis and SLM.