bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homosexuality and Utopian Discourse in American Poetry
Authors: Yingling Tom , Wiegman Robyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Tom Yingling writes in the following essay that “No text exists before history,” he is speaking of the way that textuality has no existence apart from or prior to the cultural contexts and historical contingencies that frame its potential meaning. In varying degrees, this statement accounts for Yingling’s sense that the utopian gesture in American poetry is one of limits, and it is the particular contribution of his essay to this volume that he demonstrates the changing shape of these limits for poets in both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In doing so, his essay is an important commentary on the seemingly incommensurate relationship between those entities his title forthrightly couples, “Homosexuality and Utopian Discourse in American Poetry.” As he points out, the utopian is as central to the cultural rhetoric of “America” as homosexuality is antithetical to it. And yet, American poets beginning with Whitman, who is for many scholars the most important and most adhesive of them all, repeatedly set a utopian homoerotic unity against the imperfections of America. In this way, they unsettle those normative evaluations that cast homosexuality’s eradication as the necessary preamble to America’s utopian fulfillment, finding in this strange and seemingly unimaginable wedding something of America transcendent enough to claim. This is a far cry from the popular discourses of the contemporary era which, as Yingling mentions, continue to read homosexuality as the failed and faithless partner in America’s democratic attainment.
Whitman’s Calamus Photographs
Authors: Folsom Ed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 130 extant photographs of Walt Whitman form the most extensive photographic record of any American writer who lived and died in the nineteenth century, but there are some surprising absences among this abundance of images. While most of the photos, as we would expect, are images of himself alone, in fourteen cases Whitman appears with someone else. As we consider these photos of Whitman with others, it is instructive to think about those people with whom he does not appear: he never ap-• pears with any member of his family, for example, though he had many opportunities to be photographed with, especially, his brothers George, Jeff, and Eddie, and with his beloved mother, Louisa Van Velsor Whitman. We can imagine that Whitman might have desired some lasting visual memento of his deep affection for Louisa (he always displayed a photo of her in his bedroom), or of his relationship with Jeff, partner on his New Orleans sojourn; or with George, the brother he traveled to the Fredericksburg battlefield to nurse and with whom he lived for years in Camden; or with Eddie, his retarded youngest brother, whom Whitman slept with and cared for. But, in the visual record of Whitman’s life, his family is entirely absent.
The Literature of Auschwitz
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the beginning was the testimony. Any study of the literature of Auschwitz may start with judicial versions. of the way it was, based on eyewitness accounts-but it can ‘ never end there. Readers of the proceedings of the so-called Auschwitz trial of former camp guards that ran for twenty months in Frankfurt (and which I attended for a few days in the summer of 1964) will discover not a narrative leading to insight and understanding, but a futile dispute between accusers and accused. The prisoners in the dock deny virtually everything: Mulka was not there when the prosecution says he was; Kaduk never shot anyone; Boger used his infamous torture instrument, the “Boger swing,” only on rare occasions; Klehr was on leave during Christmas J942, when he was charged with murdering inmates by injecting phenol into the heart. Guilt exists, but the agent is always someone else.
The Psychology of Sexual Pleasure
Authors: Abramson Paul R , Pinkerton Steven D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
But can one really pretend? On a purely physiological level it would certainly seem possible. After all, genital stimulation, whether by a man or a woman, sends the same sensory signals to the brain. Yet somehow the sex, appearance, and identity of the person providing the stimulation are all critical determinants of whether or not the stimulation is perceived as pleasurable. Many people, heterosexual and homosexual alike, are strongly attracted to only one of the two sexes. And, all things being equal, most people would prefer an attractive partner to an unattractive one. Even then, whether or not pleasure is experienced is significantly influenced by who the attractive, appropriately sexed pleasure-giver is, not to mention the context in which the stimulation occurs. Certain partners, such as family members, arc taboo. Others arc considered undesirable, or even repulsive, for whatever reason.
Problem Investigation in Epidemiology
Authors: Armenian Haroutune K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These are three examples of problems that could be addressed using epidemiologic methods. Epidemiologists have developed systematic approaches that help provide answers to many questions facing health professionals. For these professionals at various levels of decision-making, epidemiologists have the tools to generate information and to conduct a systematic process of making inferences. In the first example, of a suspected increase in the number of cancer cases in a neighborhood, when the state epidemiologist decides to look into the request, details about the cases must be reviewed, diagnoses validated, and expectations of numbers of cancer cases within a similar community established for comparison. The state epidemiologist could also study unusual patterns or characteristics in these cases and decide, based on such data as well as other clinical information, whether the concerns of the reporting physician are warranted and further investigations are needed.
Program Development: A Framework for Health Services
Authors: Shapiro Sam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Program development often follows a decision that a problem exists and that a solution to the problem must be sought. The topics of problem investigation and problem-solving were considered in the two previous chapters; this chapter ex tends the discussion into the area of program development. What needs to be taken into account in developing a program? Are there guidelines that help us make a decision to develop a program and measure its outcome? While “why”and “what are the results” may be stated as simple questions in the initiation of a program, the issues underlying them are complex. This is true when we are concerned with such challenges as the possible modification of the management, organization, and financing of health services directed at cost containment, access to care, utilization of appropriate health services, and health status of a population. To a large extent, the goal of program development in these areas is to identify through the application of epidemiologic methods the interventions that are most promising for favorably affecting health care at acceptable costs.
Screening for Secondary Prevention of Disease
Authors: Shapiro Sam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prevention of disease and relief from distress due to adverse health conditions have been major objectives of public health. Primary prevention that seeks to eliminate specific diseases and other departures from good health is central to goals in the field of public health. Immunization against childhood diseases, antismoking campaigns, and reduction of environmental pollutants are examples of Jong-standing activities in which the practitioners of public health have exerted great influence.
Meta-analysis in Health Services Research
Authors: Goodman Steven N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Meta-analysis is possibly the most important policy-related research method that has developed in the past two decades. The term “meta-analysis” appeared in 1976 in the psychology literature; George Glass defined it as ‘‘the statistical analysis of a large collection of results from individual studies for the purpose of integrating the findings” (Glass, 1976). However, even though the name and some of the formal methodology are fairly new, particularly in the biomedical field, such analysis has been practiced in some form in a variety of settings for many years. The practice of bringing together all of the relevant research in an area to inform a debate about a policy hardly started with the coining of the term “meta-analysis.” However, the development of meta-analysis as a formal method has introduced a certain degree of rigor, consistency, and, most important, a new awareness among health researchers of the importance of combined analysis of research studies addressing similar topics.
Preserving Historic New England
Authors: Lindgren James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the first years of the twentieth century the memory of old-time New England was in danger. What had once been a land of small towns populated by tradition-minded Yankees was now becoming almost unrecognizable with a floodtide of immigrants and the constant change of a modernizing society. At the same time, cities such as Boston, Portsmouth, and Salem were bursting at the seams with factories, high-rises, and uncontrollable growth. During a period when the Colonial Revival and progressive movements held sway, Yankees asserted their influence through campaigns to redefine the meaning of their Anglo-American forebears. As part of the reaction, the modern preservation movement was founded by William Sumner Appleton, Jr., a privileged, old-blooded Bostonian. Resisting not simply this avalanche of change but the amateurish romanticism of fellow antiquaries, Appleton founded the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities in 1910. While examining SPNEA in the context of progressivism, Preserving Historic New England focuses on its redefinition of preservation to fit the methodology of science, the economy of capitalism, and the aestheticism of architecture. In so doing, preservation not only became a profession defined by those male worlds, but remade Yankee memory to accord with the modern corporate order.
“A Gospel of Further Acquisitions”
Authors: Lindgren James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the economy and society fell into line during this period of quick-step modernization, the canons of the United States resembled more and more the principles of the boardroom. It took an enterprising Yankee to say it, but “the business of America was business.” Historic preservation was no exception, and Appleton worked to shape a movement governed by the principles of hierarchy, efficiency, and bottom-line financing. Publicizing the necessity of forceful action, he prodded smaller societies, amateur collectors, and local and state governments to follow SPNEA’s precepts. His campaign remade the movement in significant, and perhaps unforeseen, ways. As Appleton incorporated the axioms of business and science into preservation, not only were women slowly pushed to the margins but the powers of the state were significantly increased.
“Do Not Tear The House Down!!’’
Authors: Lindgren James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As far as Appleton was concerned, the work of preservation had resembled for too long that plan to rebuild the Hancock house-it was idiosyncratic and downright inaccurate. SPNEA instead felt the pull of progressivism toward scientific method. Yet an innovative nostalgia still premised that work; the very notion of preservation was based on the remaking of history through restoration. To understand why Appleton accepted the practice, it is necessary to examine the alternative models of preservation that existed when he founded SPNEA.
Piston-Box and Steam
Authors: Horn Gero-Rainer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Innovative ideas, in and of themselves, lead nowhere fast. Novel strategies on the road to social emancipation take on greater relevance only if the social climate is propitious. Concepts of united fronts, for instance, were bandied about within the small circles of independent left socialist and dissident communist groupings for a number of years prior to 1933 without any major consequences.1 What had to happen for such new ideas to attain positions of importance within the mainstream European Left was a sudden wave of questioning of traditional ways of thinking and action within mass parties and their peripheries. In this process the interplay of party leadership and ranks took on primordial importance.
The Modern Sound of Early Music
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does Early Music have to do with history? In theory, everything. In fact, very little. At the beginning, the movement was frankly antiquarian - a matter of reviving forgotten repertories and, with them, forgotten instruments and performing practices. Nobody objected to that, nor did most musicians even pay much attention to it. Now, it seems, Early Musickers are performing almost everything. They have laid claim to the standard repertory, and attention must be paid. More than that, sides are taken-the movement in its present phase has become controversial. But on closer inspection, it becomes ever more apparent that “historical” performers who aim “to get to ‘the truth’” (as the fortepianist Malcolm Bilson has put it) by using period instruments and reviving lost playing techniques actually pick and choose from history’s wares. And they do so in a manner that says more about the values of the late twentieth century than about those of any earlier era.
Tradition and Authority
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although I have written about Mozart and about Mozart performances, I am not a card-carrying Mozartean. Why, then, was I asked to address the Lincoln Center conference? It must have been because of my role in our ongoing War of the Buffoons, our dialogue of ancient and modern performance practitioners and theorists. In the spirit of buffoonery, then, let me change the subject. Let’s take a break from Mozart and talk about Brahms. And then let’s talk about Schubert, Prokofiev, and the Maori of New Zealand. And all the while we will be talking about Mozart just the same; because “Mozart,” as we all know perfectly well, is not just Mozart.
A Mozart Wholly Ours
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The collaboration of fortepianist Malcolm Bilson and John Eliot Gardiner on a complete Mozart piano concerto cycle was inaugurated amid loud publicity in 1983, and the first releases appeared on Archiv the next year. Commenting in the February 1987 issue of Opus on the K. 414 and K. 450 recordings jin connection with a “competing” release by Steven Lubin), I cautioned that it was perhaps “too early yet for hosannas and fanfares.”That was then. Now the series is complete, and it is time to throw caution to the English Baroque Soloists’ winds! Get out the trumpets and the drums! Calooh, calay! Great performing is great performing; it renders questions of performance practice, historical verisimilitude, authenticity, call it what you will, utterly moot. And in their later recordings jmostly of the later concertos, but also-even especially! - of K. 238 ), Bilson, Gardiner, and the English Baroque Soloists have realized a level of performance that has to be termed great, whether we are speaking of matters technical or aesthetic. At such a level, the two are one.
Old (New) Instruments, New (Old) Tempos
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These are wonderful performances of their kind. But if you buy them, you should be aware of what their kind is: namely, nineteenthcentury renditions on eighteenth-century instruments.They make a marvelous sound, and feature an endless array of instrumental felicities. The “Paris” Symphony, in particular, comes off brilliantly, for it is a virtual study in marvelous sounds and instrumental felicities-a send-up, in fact, of the empty orchestral pyrotechnics then fashionable in the French capital, as Mozart confided in a couple of funny letters to his father. The period band really digs into the showy fanfares and rockets of the first movement. I admired, too, the gorgeous string curtsy at the beginning of the Andantino, where the oft-deplored “Amsterdam swell” and the nonvibrato production are exquisitely apropos. And in the finale I was struck by the superb articulation of the whole notes at the head of the second theme, which, carried over into the contrapuntal development, floods the texture with light.
Backslide or Harbinger?
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Early Music boom has made things pretty easy for reviewers. It is now possible to pass judgment on a performance one has not yet heard. One very prominent reviewer announced an impending series of recitals, at which two prominent New York musicians would perform the Beethoven sonatas for piano and cello, by sniffing, ‘‘They are fine artists, but [!] they play modern instruments I look forward to [their] recitals but will know them ... for what they are: transcriptions, in effect, in which Beethoven’s tone colors, textures, attacks, and sonic durations are inevitably altered.” Pity the poor fine artists, thus consigned, as Dante consigned the Greek philosophers, to the upper reaches of Hell. Elsewhere our critic contrasted their “transcriptions” with the real McCoy, a performance on “original instruments,” in which ‘‘Beethoven’s music rang out more bravely, more beautifully, and in better balance” than modern instruments could achieve, and (it follows) with Beethoven’s tone colors, textures, attacks, and sonic durations unaltered.
Facing Up, Finally, to Bach’s Dark Vision
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eerie is the only word for the virtual silence that has greeted the end of this project, inaugurated in 1971 amid considerable fanfare and controversy Completion was announced for 1985, the Bach tricentennial year. Had that deadline been achieved, no doubt, we would have heard more about it. Meanwhile, a competing series, inaugurated in 1975 under the leadership of the German choral specialist Helmuth Rilling, did make it to the finish line in time. Although the Rilling traversal relied on standard instruments and a traditional (alas, rather drab if dependable) performance style, it possessed a certain musicological cachet. It was issued in the revolutionary new chronological order of cantatas that was established in the 1950‘s by a heroic team of German scholars, while the Teldec project followed the aimless order of the nineteenth-century Bach Gesellschaft edition. The Rilling version is also marginally more complete, since it includes the fragmentary works and parodies.
Text and Act
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It isn’t fair. The closer we get to old music, the more it seems to elude us. The more we strive to get it right, the more we seem to distort it. The very bent that impels us toward “authenticity” prevents our ever achieving it. As a new, very welcome, very disquieting recording of sacred music by the Renaissance composer Antoine Busnoys proves, the historical deck is simply stacked against us. But that’s the least of it. Our musical difficulties are but the prelude to a moral quagmire. A swift genealogy of musical morals will begin to suggest why this is so. In the beginning, music was something you did (or that others did while you did something else), not something you gazed at or bought and sold. A lot of music (we call it “folk”) is still like that. But some music has been objectified as “art.” It happened in four stages.
Introduction
Authors: Hensel Chase 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book examines the subsistence discourse and practices of Central Alaskan Yup’ik Eskimos (hereafter Yupiit, the plural of Yup’ik) and non-Natives in South western Alaska. Subsistence discourse is a dynamic arena of social action in which identities and ideologies are constructed and negotiated. It ranges from informal exchanges in which subsistence is the perennial topic to formal public hearings on various governmental and commercial aspects of subsistence, wildlife, and their regulation. I suggest that their discourse is itself a vital form of practice and that through this situated discourse personal, ethnic, and gender identities are constructed, negotiated, and publicly validated. For Yupiit, talk about subsistence both presupposes traditional subsistence ideologies and serves as a locus of social and political negotiation. Concurrently, subsistence activity and discourse have also become a key arena in which Euro-Americans-many new to South western Alaska-have sought to achieve and validate a “local” identity, modelled on Yup’ik subsistence practices or Euro-American perceptions of them. But as with new kinds of Yup’ik subsistence identity, the practice and achievement of this Euro American local identity differs widely among individuals.
Subsistence as an Identity Marker
Authors: Hensel Chase 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We drive out along the road to the old Bureau of Indian Affairs site, then park in a sandy area along the road where it looks like we probably won’t get stuck again. We’ve seen various other cars parked along the road also. The weather is scattered sunshine, with rain clouds brushing the tundra off to the north and west, and a fairly dark mass towards the southwest, where the wind is blowing from. I’m wearing hip-waders and keeping my raincoat handy. The party consists of my wife and children, and a visiting friend. We hike off across the tundra, heading for some lower ground where we hope there will be more moisture and more blueberries. It has been a relatively dry year. Walking on tundra tussocks can seem like walking on hairy basketballs; but fortunately the ground is mostly drier and flatter than that, though you still sink in several inches with each step. We get to a place where the berries seem thick enough to start picking. It seems to take a long time for the bottom of the container to be covered enough that it doesn’t ring with each new handful of berries, but it eventually happens. This kind of picking is different from picking domesticated berries, where the goal is to efficiently pick all the berries in a given area. Here the goal is to graze around and maximize the amount of berries picked. It doesn’t matter if you pick haphazardly, as long as it’s done efficiently.
Crowds
Authors: Shubert Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The corrida created crowds. Week after four week, or even day after day, thousands of people headed to a single place with a single purpose: to see the bullfight. An unexceptional fact, but not in the eighteenth century, or especially the nineteenth, and certainly not in the eyes of the authorities, for whom crowds were a danger, the bearers of disorder and the leading edge of revolution.
Introduction
Authors: Kelly Thomas Forrest 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The illuminated Exultet rolls of southern Italy were extraordinary objects when they were made, and even now they fascinate us on account of their beautiful miniatures, sometimes painted upside down with respect to the liturgical text with its musical notation. These southern Italian Exultets are documents of almost unparalleled luxury, and they take a rare form. Rolls are uncommon in the tenth and eleventh centuries; parchment membranes, attached end to end, and written in a single long column, were unusual in the manufacture of written documents. Why was the Exultet written on a scroll? Not because the Exultet was sung from the pulpit, nor because it was sung by the deacon. The purpose was to lend importance, solemnity, and magnificence to the occasion. The fact that something is in scroll form gives it a special significance, and the use of a scroll in the liturgy of the Easter vigil is particularly suitable. Even more ingenious is the subsequent idea of reversing the pictures.