bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D‐glucose transporter on mussel mantle cell membranes: Effect of sodium and phlorizin
Authors: Louzao M. C. , Vieytes M. R. , Botana L. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe studied the kinetics of the glucose transporter in mussel mantle cells. The transport is sodium dependent, with a very low uptake of glucose when sodium is replaced with potassium, choline or sucrose. In the presence of phlorizin, a glucose transporter inhibitor, the uptake is greatly diminished, with a low glucose uptake which is probably due to passive diffusion. The Woolf‐Augustinsson‐Hofstee plot obtained with different concentrations of glucose, and the Hill coefficient obtained in studies about the effect of Na+ on glucose uptake, indicate that more than one sodium ion was involved in the transport of each molecule of glucose across the membrane in mussel mantle cells, or that positive cooperativity is occurring. The activity of the transporter is not affected by the sodium‐proton pump inhibitor amiloride. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning of a crustacean myosin heavy chain isoform: Exclusive expression in fast muscle
Authors: Cotton Julie L. S. , Mykles Donald L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA clone of a fast isoform of myosin heavy chain (HC) gene was isolated from a cDNAThe sequence data for this cDNA has been submitted to GenBank; the accession number is U03091.
expression library made from mRNA purified from the deep abdominal flexor muscle of the lobster, Homarus americanus. The cDNA (1.5 kb) contained the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and the coding sequence for the last 413 amino acid residues of the carboxyl terminus of the polypeptide. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology with that of myosin HCs from Drosophila (73% identity), nematode (57% identity), and vertebrates (49% identities). Hydropathy plots showed a 28‐amino acid periodicity that is consistent with the α‐helical coiled coil structure of the rod region of native myosin. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization showed that the fast myosin HC isoform was expressed only in fast fibers; the probes did not hybridize to mRNA from slow fibers. The message consisted of a single transcript of 6.6 kb. The intracellular localization of the fast myosin mRNA was not uniform. The mRNA was largely confined to the intermyofibrillar spaces and to the subsarcolemmal cytoplasm of the fiber periphery and large infoldings of the cell membrane. Within these regions the mRNA was concentrated in the cytoplasm immediately surrounding the nuclei. This constitutes the first report of the cloning and expression of a myosin HC gene from a crustacean species. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation, immunochemical detection, and observations of the instability of vitellogenin from four teleosts
Authors: Silversand Christer , Hyllner Sven Johan , Haux Carl 
Published: September 2005

AbstractVitellogenin was purified from plasma of estradiol‐17β‐treated cod (Gadus morhua) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), and wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) by precipitation with EDTA:Mg2+, distilled water, and high‐performance ion‐exchange chromatography. Vitellogenin of high purity was obtained by precipitation followed by chromatography, as evaluated by an homologous antiserum developed for each species. The instability of vitellogenin demanded consistent low temperature and the use of protease inhibitor before blood sampling. When the necessary precautions were taken, vitellogenin from rainbow trout, turbot, and wolffish eluted as one regular peak during chromatography. Cod vitellogenin eluted as two peaks and these demonstrated identical migration patterns on SDS‐PAGE. The observed differences in stability between the four species suggest that isolation procedures should be modified according to the requirements for each species. Electrophoresis of plasma from treated fish revealed the presence of several smaller proteins, with a molecular mass around 50 kDa, that were considered to be vitelline envelope proteins. Other minor plasma proteins were immunoreactive to antisera, directed against vitellogenin and therefore judged to be fragments of degraded vitellogenin. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of metamorphosis in landlocked sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus
Authors: Holmes John A. , Youson John H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLandlocked larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in three size‐groups were treated with two concentrations of potassium perchlorate (0.01 and 0.05% KC104; a goitrogen) for 117 days during the winter to determine if metamorphosis can be induced at a time when it will not occur spontaneously and whether a minimum size (length and weight) and physiological condition, measured as a condition factor (CF), are necessary for induction to occur. Metamorphosis was induced in all size‐groups with both concentrations of KC1O4 but not in control animals. Size‐group was the only factor that significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the incidence of metamorphosis, which was 22% (13/60) in the 65–95 mm group, 52% (31/60) in animals 110–119 mm long, and 98% (59/60) in animals >130 mm long. Metamorphosing animals were significantly larger (P < 0.05) in size (length and weight) and had significantly higher (P < 0.05) CFs than unmetamorphosed larvae. The mean (±SEM) CFs of metamorphosing animals in the three size‐groups were 1.22 ± 0.04 (65–95mm), 1.25 ± 0.02 (110–119 mm), and and 1.27 ± 0.02 (>130 mm) and the smallest animal to metamorphose was 84 mm and 0.71 g in size. Minimum size and CF criteria for spontaneous metamorphosis (120 mm, 3.0 g, 1.50 CF) in landlocked sea lampreys are not necessary prerequisites for inducing metamorphosis using KC1O4. The experimental production of metamorphosis in sea lampreys of various sizes creates a valuable tool for studying hormonal and genetic regulation of this developmental strategy in a vertebrate of ancient lineage. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sperm are stored in the ovary of Lacuna (Epheria) variegata (carpenter, 1864) (gastropoda: Littorinidae)
Authors: Buckland‐Nicks John , Darling Patricia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSperm are stored in the ovary of Lacuna (Epheria) uariegata (Carpenter, 1864) between oocytes or oriented with follicle cells singly or in clumps. The sperm develop close associations with follicle cells and in some cases become embedded in invaginations of cell apices. Follicle cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and are generally considered to provide nutrients to developing oocytes. The storage of sperm in the ovary was previously unknown for any gonochoric gastropod. The existence of sperm storage in the ovary of L. variegata has implications for both the site of fertilization and for sperm capacitation in this genus. The subfamily Lacuninae represent a monophyletic clade comprising five genera. This clade was previously characterized partly by a long duct to the seminal receptacle in two genera and by the eventual loss of the seminal receptacle with sperm storage in the oviduct in three others, including Lacuna. Storage of sperm in the ovary is an important new character that will enable further distinction among species of this unusual clade. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organic solute permeability in erythrocytes of the little skate, Raja erinacea
Authors: Russell Rebecca L. , Cauble Ginger D. , Goldstein Leon 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNeutral, organic molecules with seven or less major atoms permeate erythrocytes of the little skate (Raja erinacea.) Hypotonicity (80%) increased permeation up to 10‐fold. Under both isotonic and hypotonic conditions solute influx occurred with the same size limitation, indicating that the number of permeation sites, but not their size, increases with hypotonicity. The maximum average diameter of these neutral molecules that penetrate the cell membrane is about 5.6 to 6.2 Å. This is similar to that found previously for amino acid permeation, but unlike amino acids, the entry of most of the organic, neutral molecules into skate erythrocytes is not affected by Band 3 inhibitors. These results suggest that the neutral molecules tested may enter the erythrocytes via the same channel as amino acids, but do not interact with the sites blocked by Band 3 inhibitors, or through a separate channel of similar size which is also volume activated. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene transfer of a secreted form of TRAIL inhibits tumor growth and occurrence in an experimental tumor model
Authors: Yoo Jinsang , Choi Seeyoung , Hwang Kyung‐Sun , Cho Won‐Kyung , Jung Cho‐Rok , Kwon Suk‐Tae , Im Dong‐Soo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundTumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cell death in various tumor cells, but relatively spares normal cells. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors have a number of advantages including in vivo long‐term gene expression. Here, we assessed the biological activity of a novel, secreted form of TRAIL (sTRAIL) for cancer gene therapy using a rAAV2 vector.MethodsA plasmid and rAAV2 vectors were constructed encoding sTRAIL composed of a leader sequence, the isoleucine zipper, and the active domain of TRAIL (aa 95–281). The functionality of sTRAIL was validated by cell viability, FACS analysis, caspase‐3 activity, and TUNEL staining. rAAV‐sTRAIL was injected intratumorally to nude mice bearing human A549 lung tumor cells. Nude mice received A549 tumor cells after intravenous delivery of rAAV‐sTRAIL. The antitumor effect was then evaluated by measuring tumor regression and occurrence in the experimental animal.ResultssTRAIL was released from cells transfected with the sTRAIL expression construct or transduced with rAAV‐sTRAIL, and induced apoptosis in cancer cells, but spared normal fibroblast cells. Secreted sTRAIL formed oligomers including trimers with intersubunit disulfide. Purified sTRAIL exerted much lower cytotoxicity on primary human hepatocytes compared to recombinant TRAIL. Intratumoral delivery of rAAV‐sTRAIL significantly inhibited growth of A549 tumors established in nude mice. A number of apoptotic tumor cells were detected by TUNEL staining in mice treated with rAAV‐sTRAIL. Systemic pretreatment with rAAV‐sTRAIL significantly inhibited tumor formation in nude mice.ConclusionThe results suggest that rAAV‐sTRAIL may be useful for local or systemic cancer gene therapy for treating TRAIL‐sensitive tumors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging of cerebral ischemia in nonhuman primates: Comparison of Gd‐DTPA and NMS60
Authors: Liu Yutong , D'Arceuil Helen , He Julian , Duggan Mike , Seri S. , Hashiguchi Yuji , Nakatani Akira , Gonzalez R. Gilberto , Pryor Johnny , de Crespigny Alex 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo study a new gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent—NMS60—for MR perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI) of brain tissue.Materials and MethodsNMS60 is a Gd3+ trimer with a molecular weight of 2158 Daltons, and a T2 relaxivity almost three times higher than that of Gd‐DTPA. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was induced in nine nonhuman primates. The animals were scanned acutely and for up to six follow‐up time points. PWI peak, and time‐to‐peak maps were generated, and perfusion deficit volumes were measured from these maps. The values of peak, time‐to‐peak, and perfusion deficit volume were compared between NMS60 and GD‐DTPA.ResultsThese results demonstrate that there was no significant difference in our calculated perfusion parameters between the two contrast agents.ConclusionThe two agents were found to be equally effective for PWI for acute and chronic stroke in primates. Along with its previously demonstrated advantage for T1‐enhanced imaging, the current results show that NMS60 is a viable contrast agent for use in stroke patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced MRI of ductal carcinoma in situ: Characteristics of a new intensity‐modulated parametric mapping technique correlated with histopathologic findings
Authors: Mariano Michelle N. , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J. , Daniel Bruce L. , Nowels Kent W. , Birdwell Robyn L. , Fong Kathy J. , Desmond Pam S. , Plevritis Sylvia , Stables Lara A. , Zakhour Marowan , Herfkens Robert J. , Ikeda Debra M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo identify morphologic and dynamic enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by using a new intensity‐modulated parametric mapping technique, and to correlate the MRI features with histopathologic findings.Materials and MethodsFourteen patients with pure DCIS on pathology underwent conventional mammography and contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRI using the intensity‐modulated parametric mapping technique. The MR images were reviewed and the lesions were categorized according to morphologic and kinetic criteria from the ACR BI‐RADS‐MRI Lexicon, with BI‐RADS 4 and 5 lesions classified as suspicious.ResultsWith the use of a kinetic curve shape analysis, MRI classified seven of 14 lesions (50%) as suspicious, including four with initial‐rapid/late‐washout and three with initial‐rapid/late‐plateau. Using morphologic criteria, MRI classified 10/14 (71%) as suspicious, with the most prominent morphologic feature being a regional enhancement pattern. Using the intensity modulated parametric mapping technique, MRI classified 12/14 cases (86%) as suspicious. Parametric mapping identified all intermediate‐ and high‐grade DCIS lesions.ConclusionThe intensity‐modulated parametric mapping technique for breast MRI resulted in the highest detectionrate for the DCIS cases. Furthermore, the parametric mapping technique identified all intermediate‐ and high‐grade DCIS lesions, suggesting that a negative MRI using the parametric mapping technique may exclude intermediate‐ and high‐grade DCIS. This finding has potential clinical implications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Split treatment of photodamaged skin with KTP 532 nm laser with 10 mm handpiece versus IPL: A cheek‐to‐cheek comparison
Authors: Butler E. George , McClellan Scott D. , Ross E. Victor 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe treatment of photodamaged skin with potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) has been reported in several studies. Each device has strengths and weaknesses; however, patient and device variability have made it difficult to ascertain the optimal device for photorejuvenation. The objective of this study was to obtain a head‐to‐head comparison of IPL and KTP laser for photorejuvenation. Each patient received one KTP laser treatment on one side of the face and one IPL treatment on the other side.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSeventeen patients with skin types I–IV were accepted into the study based on existence of dyschromias (pigmented and vascular) and/or discrete telangiectases. After performance of test spots on each patient to determine optimal settings for both devices, patients were treated with both devices in a split face manner. Evaluations and photographs were performed 1 week and 1 month after treatment. Patient and observer evaluations of results were recorded, as well as time to perform each treatment, and patient feedback with regard to pain and edema. No anesthesia was used in these treatments. Photographs were reviewed by a panel of blinded observers to assess changes in red and brown dyschromias.ResultsOne month average improvement (evaluator) for IPL side was (mean) 38.16%/35.08% for vascular/pigment lesions versus 41.99%/30.21% for KTP side. Patient self‐evaluated global improvement at 1 month was (mean) 65.59% for IPL side versus 60.88% for KTP side. A majority of patients found the KTP to be slightly more painful with a mean pain rating of 5.27 of 10 versus 4.4 of 10 for IPL. A majority of patients experienced subjectively greater post‐procedure swelling on the KTP side. Time to conduct treatment was an average of 10.0 minutes for IPL, 8.7 minutes for KTP.ConclusionsBoth large spot KTP and IPL achieved marked improvement in vascular and pigmented lesions in one session. The KTP laser caused slightly more discomfort and edema than the IPL. On the other hand, the KTP laser was faster, and more ergonomically flexible. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:124–128, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral problems for operator matrices
Authors: Bátkai A. , Binding P. , Dijksma A. , Hryniv R. , Langer H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe study spectral properties of 2 × 2 block operator matrices whose entries are unbounded operators between Banach spaces and with domains consisting of vectors satisfying certain relations between their components. We investigate closability in the product space, essential spectra and generation of holomorphic semigroups. Application is given to several models governed by ordinary and partial differential equations, for example containing delays, floating singularities or eigenvalue dependent boundary conditions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Taylor coefficients of a pseudo‐exponential potential and the reflection coefficient of the corresponding canonical system
Authors: Gohberg I. , Kaashoek M. A. , Sakhnovich A. L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe study the connections between the Taylor coefficients at zero of a pseudo‐exponential potential of a canonical system and the reflection coefficient of the system determined by this potential. This connection is expressed explicitly. The main result of this paper provides a characterization of a pseudo‐exponential potential in terms of its Taylor coefficients at zero. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prüfer angle asymptotics for Atkinson's semi‐definite Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem
Authors: Binding Paul , Volkmer Hans 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAtkinson's semi‐definite Sturm–Liouville problem consists of the differential equation –(y ′/s )′ + qy = λry , with s , q , r integrable on [a , b ], q real‐valued, s, r ≥ 0, and separated boundary conditions at a, b . The asymptotic behavior of the associated Prüfer angle is determined as λ → ±∞. This leads to existence theorems for eigenvalues λn with prescribed oscillation number n and their asymptotics. In general, λn grows faster than n 2, and the order of the corresponding characteristic function is less than ½. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some disconjugacy criteria for differential equations with oscillatory coefficients
Authors: Clark Stephen , Hinton Don 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe determine conditions on the coefficients of both second and fourth order differential operators which give disconjugacy. The conditions exploit the change of sign of the coefficients to show how the change of sign enhances disconjugacy. An application is given to the stability of solutions of equations with periodic coefficients. Focal point and other boundary conditions are considered as well, and sufficient conditions are given which imply the nonexistence of nontrivial solutions of the differential equations satisfying the boundary conditions. Some open problems are stated for the minimization of certain nonlinear functionals. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Elliptic equations and products of positive definite matrices
Authors: Conley Charles H. , Pucci Patrizia , Serrin James 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present necessary and sufficient conditions under which the symmetrized product of two n ×n positive definite Hermitian matrices is still a positive definite matrix (Part I, Sections 2 and 3). These results are then applied to prove the validity of the strong maximum principle, as well as of the compact support principle, for nonnegative C 1 distribution solutions of general quasilinear inequalities, possibly not elliptic at points where the gradient variable is either zero or large (Part III, Sections 9 and 10).In Part II (Sections 4–8) we consider the general problem of finding bounds for the least and greatest eigenvalues of the product of two (not necessarily definite) Hermitian matrices. In particular, we refine earlier results of Strang for this problem. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simple proofs of various fixed point and existence theorems based on exterior calculus
Authors: Mawhin J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUsing an unpublished result of Tartar about some integrals depending upon a parameter, we give quite elementary proofs of various fixed point theorems and of the fundamental theorems of algebra for complex numbers and quaternions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Forced oscillation of second order superlinear differential equations
Authors: Gong Sun Yuan , Wong James S. W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some new criteria for the oscillation of second order forced nonlinear differential equations (r (t )x ′(t ))′ + p (t )x ′(t ) + q (t )f (x (t )) = e (t ) in both cases when q (t ) < 0 and q (t ) changes its sign. Our results are sharper than those of Agarwal and Grace [1], Cakmak and Tiryaki [2], Ou and Wong [17] for the second order case. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Poly(ethylene glycol) Surface Coated Magnetic Particles
Authors: Flesch Christophe , Unterfinger Yves , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , Duguet Etienne , Delaite Christelle , Dumas Philippe 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: A methacrylate‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomer was copolymerized at the surface of methacrylate‐derivatized maghemite nanoparticles. After silylation of the magnetic core with methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, two grafting procedures based on either a direct copolymerization reaction in water or an inverse emulsion polymerization were compared. A direct copolymerization led to low polymer surface amounts, whereas an inverse emulsion process allowed nanocomposite particles containing up to 90 wt.‐% polymer to be obtained.TEM picture of maghemite‐PEG hybrid particles.magnified imageTEM picture of maghemite‐PEG hybrid particles.
Residual Stresses in Amorphous Polymers
Authors: Grassia Luigi , D'Amore Alberto 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe origin of internal stresses in a polymeric component, subjected to an arbitrary cooling, will be described. The differential volume relaxation arising as a result of the different thermal history suffered by each body point was considered as the primary source of stresses build up. A numerical routine was developed accounting for the simultaneous stress relaxation processes and implemented within an Ansys® environment. The volume relaxation kinetics was modelled by using the four‐parameter TNM (Tool‐Narayanaswamy‐Mohynian) phenomenological theory using the PVT (Pressure–Volume‐Temperature) data obtained on a polystyrene sample. The numerical algorithm translates the specific volume theoretical predictions at each body point as applied non‐mechanical loads acting on the component. Thermorheological complexity emerged due to coupling of volume and stress relaxation phenomena A linear dependence of Poisson's ratio on the tensile relaxation modulus was postulated. A quantitative predictions of time dependent stress distribution was realized for two specific test cases.
Extension‐Enhanced Conductivity of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Nano‐Composites
Authors: Zhou Hong , Forest M. Gregory , Zheng Xiaoyu , Wang Qi , Lipton Robert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOur aim here is to predict elongational flow‐induced enhancements in thermal or electrical conductivity of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) nano‐composites. To do so, we combine two classical mathematical asymptotic analyses: slender longwave hydro‐thermo‐dynamics for fibers and exact analysis of pure elongation of LCPs in solvents for bulk phases without boundary effects; and homogenization theory for effective properties of low volume‐fraction spheroidal inclusions. Two implications follow: elongational flow dominates fiber free surface and thermal effects on electrical and thermal conductivity enhancements; and, there appears to be no sacrifice in enhancements by producing much higher radius, bulk fibers.