bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design parameters comparison of bubble column, airlift and stirred tank photobioreactors for microalgae production
Authors: Uyar Basar , Ali Moussa Djibrine , Uyar Gülsüm Ebru Ozer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicroalgae are the most propitious feedstock for biofuel production due to their lipid and fatty acid content. Microalgae cultivation shares many features with bioreactors, such as thermal and pH regulation, feeding procedures, and mixing to enhance heat and mass transfers. Aeration and stirring speeds are important parameters to reduce the costs of producing microalgae. In this study, three different photobioreactor types (stirred tank, airlift, bubble column) were characterized and compared for microalgae production. Hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and power consumption were determined for various aeration rates (0.9, 1.2, 1.5 L/min), and stirring speeds (100, 200 rpm), and Chlorella sorokiniana growth performance was compared under the conditions that provided the highest volumetric mass transfer and the lowest mixing time. Photo-bioreactor homogenization was good as indicated by low mixing times (< 10 s). Bubble column had the highest volumetric mass transfer due to its sparger design. Gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient were found to increase with the air flow rate and stirring speed. For stirred tank, bubble column, and airlift photobioreactors, maximum specific growth rates of C. sorokiniana were 0.053, 0.061, 0.057 h−1, and biomass productivities were 0.064, 0.097, 0.072 gdw/L.day, respectively. Under the conditions tested, growth was limited by the volumetric mass transfer in the airlift and stirred tank and bubble column was the best option for producing microalgae. These findings pave way for more extensive use of these systems in producing microalgae and provide a basis to compare photobioreactors of different designs.
Not just a game: the effect of active versus passive virtual reality experiences on anxiety and sadness
Authors: Shchory Sal`it , Nitzan Keren , Harpaz Gal , Doron Ravid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of virtual reality (VR) technology is becoming more common and can be harnessed as a tool to improve various emotional and psychological aspects. The present research explored whether different kinds of VR experience (i.e., active versus passive) would differently affect people’s mood, anxiety and sadness. Undergraduate students (n = 133) were randomly assigned to three study conditions: active game VR experience, passive VR experience and control 2D passive viewing and filled out a battery of questionnaires before and after manipulation. The results show that following both VR exposures (but not following the control condition), participants’ moods improved, and the degree of anxiety was reduced. The degree of sadness was reduced only following the active game VR experience. Regarding self-efficacy, it was higher in the passive VR experience but lower following the active game VR experience (and not affected by the control condition). In conclusion, the results indicate that short VR experiences could provide a suitable alternative for the lack of accessible treatments to improve mood and to alleviate levels of anxiety and sadness, although further research is needed to tailor and refine the exact VR experience that would best improve each specific psychological aspect.
How ‘Outlaws’ React: a Case Study on the Reactions to the Dutch Approach to Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
Authors: van Ruitenburg Teun , van Deuren Sjoukje , Roks Robby 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe impact of organized crime measures remains largely unknown. Moreover, for practical and ethical reasons, the perspectives of the individuals who are subjected to organized crime policies are often not included in research. Based on semi-structured interviews with 24 current members of the Dutch Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC), this study fills this knowledge gap by examining how HAMC members reacted to the multi-agency approach to outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs) in the Netherlands. The results of this study illustrate that the reactions of HAMC members can be divided into four categories: (1) conforming, (2) adapting, (3) resisting, and (4) continuing. The analysis furthermore shows that a variety of different reactions to the OMCG approach coexist within the same club, charter, and even within the same individual member. These findings indicate that crime policies can spark different, sometimes contradicting reactions, within a group that from the outside appears to be a uniform and top-down coordinated organization. Future evaluation studies should take the multifaceted nature of reactions to crime policies into consideration.
Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of natural therapeutic mud of Kazakhstan salt lakes: a review
Authors: Akimzhanova Khafiza , Sabitova Alfira , Mussabayeva Binur , Kairbekov Zhaksyntay , Bayakhmetova Bulbul , Proch Jędrzej 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, interest in natural therapeutic mud has been growing all over the world. This natural product has a positive therapeutic effect on the skin and has fewer side effects on the human body. There are more than 40 thousand salt lakes in Kazakhstan. Most of them have natural mud sources, the potential of which has not yet been fully explored. The review presents an analysis of the available information on the physical and chemical properties of the main sources of natural mud from salt lakes in Kazakhstan and Kazakh sanatoriums that use natural mud in the treatment. All available publications, presenting the systematic studies, were used for data analysis. A comparative analysis of the mineralization of water, brine, and silt in one reservoir shows that the mineralization of water is not always the least. The available data indicate a point and partial nature of peloid studies, e.g., inorganic composition of natural muds from Western and Southern Kazakhstan is well described in the literature. In turn, there is a lack of these data from Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan. Studies of peloids in these regions seem to be a promising direction of the future research for both local and world scientists. What is more, there is also a big gap in the analysis of organic matter of muds from the Kazakh lakes. Comparing the state of the art, i.e., the studies from other parts of Asia and Europe, the identification of the organic part of muds is another desirable direction as a potential source of biologically active compounds of natural origin.
A Godunov-type stabilization scheme for the Boltzmann transport equation of III-V devices with a 3D k-space
Authors: Leenders Hendrik , Luckner Paul , Linn Tobias , Jungemann Christoph 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a deterministic approach for solving the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) together with the Poisson equation (PE) for III-V semiconductor devices with a three-dimensional $${\textbf {k}}$$
k
-space. The BTE is stabilized using Godunov’s scheme, whose linearity in the distribution function simplifies the application of the Newton–Raphson method to the coupled discrete BTE and PE. The formulation of the discrete equations ensures the nonnegativity of the distribution function regardless of the scattering rate, which can include the Pauli exclusion principle, and exhibits excellent numerical stability under steady state as well as transient conditions. In the latter case, both implicit and explicit time integration methods can be used and even slow processes (e.g., recombination) can be handled using this approach. In addition, the direct solution of the BTE can be easily extended to the small-signal case for arbitrary frequencies. Exemplary BTE results are shown for a GaAs $${\textrm{N}}^{+}{\textrm{NN}}^{+}$$

N

+

NN

+

-structure, revealing, inter alia, that the approximations of the drift-diffusion model can fail for large built-in fields in III-V devices.
Multimodal Interaction Strategies for Walker-Assisted Gait: A Case Study for Rehabilitation in Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Jimenez Mario F. , Mello Ricardo C. , Loterio Flavia , Frizera-Neto Anselmo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStroke has been considered the main cause of neuromuscular damages worldwide and one of the most common causes of walking disabilities, with approximately 60% of the individuals suffering from persistent problems in walking. These patients generally use technical aids for walking to achieve independent gait, however, when cognitive impairments are also present, conventional assistive devices such as walkers could be difficult to handle. By leveraging multimodal interfaces, smart walkers can offer natural and intuitive human-robot interaction. In this work, we present two multimodal interaction strategies for smart walkers focusing on guiding post-stroke patients through their environment. These strategies leverage different communication channels and provide distinct levels of guidance: one strategy uses haptic feedback and a visual interface to indicate the desired path to the user, while the other strategy uses haptic feedback and a virtual torque to maintain the user on path. We also present two case studies with post-stroke patients to preliminarily validate these interaction strategies with their target population and to collect valuable insight as to how multimodal strategies for smart walkers can be enhanced to deal with the characteristic asymmetries of post-stroke patients. Our results show that both strategies can guide the volunteers, however, the first one demands more effort from the volunteer and is more suited for patients with increased levels of independence. The second interaction strategy allows for higher linear velocity (Volunteer 1, $$\varvec{0.18}$$

0.18

$$\varvec{\pm 0.026}$$

±
0.026

$$\varvec{m/s}$$

m
/
s

; Volunteer 2, $$\varvec{0.22}$$

0.22

$$\varvec{\pm 0.0283}$$

±
0.0283

$$\varvec{m/s}$$

m
/
s

) than the first one (Volunteer 1, $$\varvec{0.10}$$

0.10

$$\varvec{\pm 0.031}$$

±
0.031

$$\varvec{m/s}$$

m
/
s

; Volunteer 2, $$\varvec{0.20}$$

0.20

$$\varvec{\pm 0.012}$$

±
0.012

$$\varvec{m/s}$$

m
/
s

), suggesting improved guidance.
Understanding imbalanced data: XAI & interpretable ML framework
Authors: Dablain Damien , Bellinger Colin , Krawczyk Bartosz , Aha David W. , Chawla Nitesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is a gap between current methods that explain deep learning models that work on imbalanced image data and the needs of the imbalanced learning community. Existing methods that explain imbalanced data are geared toward binary classification, single layer machine learning models and low dimensional data. Current eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for vision data mainly focus on mapping predictions of specific instances to inputs, instead of examining global data properties and complexities of entire classes. Therefore, there is a need for a framework that is tailored to modern deep networks, that incorporates large, high dimensional, multi-class datasets, and uncovers data complexities commonly found in imbalanced data. We propose a set of techniques that can be used by both deep learning model users to identify, visualize and understand class prototypes, sub-concepts and outlier instances; and by imbalanced learning algorithm developers to detect features and class exemplars that are key to model performance. The components of our framework can be applied sequentially in their entirety or individually, making it fully flexible to the user’s specific needs (https://github.com/dd1github/XAI_for_Imbalanced_Learning).
Joint Attention: Normativity and Sensory Modalities
Authors: Scarafone Antonio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractJoint attention is typically conceptualized as a robust psychological phenomenon. In philosophy, this apparently innocuous assumption leads to the problem of accounting for the “openness” of joint attention. In psychology, it leads to the problem of justifying alternative operationalizations of joint attention, since there does not seem to be much which is psychologically uniform across different joint attentional engagements. Contrary to the received wisdom, I argue that joint attention is a social relationship which normatively regulates the attentional states of two or more individuals. This social account of joint attention leans on Bart Geurts’ view of communication as commitment sharing. Its promises are: (i) to explain the role of joint attention in wider joint activities, including communicative interactions; (ii) to account for how playing this role requires individuals to deploy different psychological resources on different occasions; and (iii) to identify the rationale behind alternative operationalizations of joint attention.
Gamification enhances student intrinsic motivation, perceptions of autonomy and relatedness, but minimal impact on competency: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Liuyufeng , Hew Khe Foon , Du Jiahui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough many studies in recent years have examined the use of gamification as a motivational strategy in education, evidence regarding its effects on intrinsic motivation is inconsistent. To make the case for or against the adoption of gamification in education, this study examines its effects on students’ intrinsic motivation and the underlying motivational factors: perceived competence, autonomy, and relatedness. In this review, we analyzed the results of studies comparing gamified learning with non-gamified learning published between 2011 and 2022. The results of our meta-analysis of 35 independent interventions (involving 2500 participants) indicated an overall significant but small effect size favoring gamified learning over learning without gamification (Hedges’g = 0.257, 95% CI [0.043, 0.471],p = .019) with no evidence of publication bias. Gamification also exerted a positive and significant effect on the students’ perceptions of autonomy (Hedges’g = 0.638, 95% CI [0.139, 1.136],p = .012) and relatedness (Hedges’g = 1.776, 95% CI [0.737, 2.814],p = .001), but minimal impact on competence (Hedges’g = 0.277, 95% CI [0.001, 0.553],p = .049). To further investigate the possible reasons for the small impact on intrinsic motivation, a systematic review of 31 studies was conducted. The findings revealed two major challenges encountered in the adoption of gamification to increase students’ intrinsic motivation: students’ lack of perceived competence and lack of perceived autonomy in gamified classes.
Disentangling trust of patients with rare cancer in their healthcare professionals and the healthcare system: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Simons Barbara C. R. , Hillen Marij A. , Aarts Johanna W. M. , Tromp Jacqueline M. , de Heus Eline , Duijts Saskia F. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with a rare cancer face challenges, e.g., delayed diagnosis, that may affect trust in the healthcare system and the healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved. This study aimed to explore trust of patients with a rare cancer in their HCPs and the healthcare system.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 purposively sampled patients with a rare cancer. The interview guide included topics related to trust, including level, development, barriers and facilitators, importance, and trust dimensions. Thematic analysis was conducted with use of Atlas.ti.

Results
The mean age of patients was 50 years, 60% were female, and 70% were highly educated. Three themes were constructed: (1) “Confirmed expertise is a prerequisite of trust.” Patients need confirmation of their HCPs’ expertise, as it could not be assumed due to the rarity of their cancer; (2) “Trust depends on the adequacy of information and how it is provided.” Limited information about rare cancer reduced patients’ trust in health care, whereas interpersonal trust was mainly affected by how HCPs provided information; and (3) “Trust is built on properly coordinated and supportive care.” Proper organization and cooperation within and between hospitals, and integration of supportive care, enhanced trust.

Conclusion
Patients with a rare cancer experience challenges that influence trust in HCPs and the healthcare system. Further research should examine trust among subgroups of patients with a rare cancer, to enable development of tailored interventions.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
HCPs may improve trust by focusing on expertise, effective information provision, proper coordination of care, and provision of adequate supportive care.
Genetic parameters, trends, and inbreeding in a honeybee breeding program for royal jelly production and behavioral traits
Authors: Basso Benjamin , Kistler Tristan , Phocas Florence 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn economically sustainable production of royal jelly (RJ) requires the use of genetics specifically improved for this very demanding trait. The French Royal Jelly Association has developed since 2010 a selection plan for that purpose, based on a collective data recording system and the initial seedstock of five French beekeepers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of this collective breeding program, a decade after its concrete start. We considered three different genetic models to describe the phenotypes, hereafter named the Colony, Worker, and Queen Models. We showed that when the size and the structure of the dataset are insufficient to fit a Colony Model, fitting a Queen Model gives more understandable results for practical use of the estimated breeding values than the Worker Model. Regarding genetic parameters, we estimated moderate to high heritability values for all traits, regardless of the genetic model. Under a Queen Model, heritability estimates of RJ production were 0.19 ± 0.09 and 0.35 ± 0.13 for first and second harvests, respectively; the estimates were 0.76 ± 0.08, 0.29 ± 0.09, and 0.22 ± 0.08, respectively, for the calmness, gentleness, and spring development of the colony. We also proved that the breeding program is efficient, increasing the production at second harvest of 3.5% per year on average. Attention must, however, be paid to the evolution of inbreeding in this very small breeding population. Few genetic correlations were significantly different from zero between the traits, due to large standard errors of our estimates. It is, however, worth to note that the trends were generally favorable between all traits, which appears encouraging to improve production and behavioral traits jointly in the breeding program.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Integrating Genetics into Clinical Practice
Authors: Cant Erin , Shoemark Amelia , Chalmers James D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Advances in molecular genetics have improved our understanding of primary ciliary dyskinesia. The purpose of this review is to describe the integration of genetics into clinical practice.

Recent Findings
This review describes > 50 genes which have been identified to cause multiple motile ciliopathies. Known genotype–phenotype relationships are explored, including genes associated with worse prognosis (CCDC39, CCDC40, CCNO). Features which indicate referral for genetic testing such as a family history, situs defects and lifelong chronic upper and lower respiratory tract disease are described along with how genetics fits into current guidelines for diagnostic algorithms, and the potential challenges and advantages.

Summary
As we move forward, the growing genomic knowledge about primary ciliary dyskinesia will aid diagnosis, understanding of prognosis and the establishment of future therapeutic trials.
A technical survey on mechanism and influence factors for asphalt pavement skid-resistance
Authors: Liu Xiyin , Luo Haoyuan , Chen Can , Zhu Leyi , Chen Siyu , Ma Tao , Huang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo explore the research status on mechanism of the skid-resistance for asphalt pavement, the related achievements of the rubber friction, the tire–road contact, and the influence factors were reviewed. The rubber friction was reviewed from the mechanism and rubber friction model. The tire-road contact was studied from the modeling methods, the evaluation methods, and the skid-resistance mechanisms at different conditions. The influence factors of skid-resistance were summarized from different designing processes. This review showed that the appropriate contact or evaluation model should be selected according to the required parameters. Although the finite element method is widely used, the accuracy of the model, the boundary conditions, and the load cases need to be further improved. The optimized aggregates and asphalt binders, reasonable gradation, reasonable geometric design, and strict construction quality control are necessary for good initial skid-resistance. Pavement texture as an important factor affecting skid-resistance should be considered in pavement gradation design, especially for wearing layer technology.
Robust and optimal alignment of high-dimensional data using maximum likelihood estimation through a random sample consensus framework
Authors: Watts Adam , Harvey Dustin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCorrecting spatial orientations of groups of high-dimensional data sets such that they are all in a consistent coordinate system is often a time-consuming and error-prone process. Automation of this process can be accomplished by using Generalized Procrustes Analysis to estimate the relative orientations among a population of high-dimensional data sets. A least squares Procrustes solution is applied through a maximum likelihood estimation and random sample consensus framework for robustness. The likelihood model is comprised of a mixture distribution where inliers are modeled using t-distribution and outliers from a uniform distribution. Applications will focus on a synthetic data set that emulates triaxial acceleration data and also real shock data from a population of triaxial accelerometers. Outliers represent either non-rigid body responses, environmental noise, and/or sensor and data acquisition issues. The intended application for the methodology is to robustly automate the rotation of populations of experimentally collected triaxial accelerometer data sets to a single global coordinate system.