bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valorization of lignocellulosic agave residues via pyrolysis and its use as adsorbent for methylene blue removal
Authors: THOMAS HABILA YUSUF , Cavalcante José Demétrio Nery , Padilha Carlos Eduardo de Araujo , Sales Aldo Torres , Santos Everaldo Silvino dos , Gasparin Fabiano Perin , Ries Lúcia Allebrandt da Silva , Dutra Emamnuel Damilano , Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The economic exploitation of sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers leads to the generation of underutilized waste. Therefore, technologies must be developed to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by inadequate waste disposal and ensure more income from sisal exploration. The present study investigated the potential of agave residues in producing biochar with high adsorbent capacity via slow pyrolysis. Hybrid Itaporanga, Hybrid Bahia, and Mutant-1 hybrid agave varieties were used as precursors and methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a solute. In general, agave residues presented similar contents of lignin (12.1-13.2%) and ash (10.3-13.9%), while the greatest differences were recorded in the values of holocellulose (31.4%-42.4%) and extractives (23.2%-33.4%). The increase in temperature favored an increase in the surface area and volume of micropores in the biochar; however, the adsorption capacity of MB dye was reduced. The pseudo-second-order models effectively adjusted the adsorption kinetics. The Hybrid Itaporanga biochar obtained at 400 °C outperformed the other biochar, presenting static (80 mg.g-1) and dynamic (180 mg.g-1) adsorption values. Thus, thermochemical valorization of agave residue is attractive to obtain a cheap and environmentally friendly adsorbent.
Assessing Feasibility and Acceptability of Increasing Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights through Pharmacies: Lessons from Pilot Study in Kenya
Authors: Liambila Wilson , Obare Francis , Ramarao Saumya , Oguttu Monica , Nyandat Carol , Denga Benedict , Wekesa Zeka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Both unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion are major public health problems in Kenya. The World Health Organization recommends the use of medical abortion to stop unwanted pregnancies. However, the extent of provision and uptake of medical abortion through private pharmacies in Kenya is not well known. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing pharmacy outlets and community health volunteers to increase women’s and girls’ access to information, medical abortion and other sexual and reproductive health services and rights.
Methods
The study utilized a single arm (intervention only) pre-test and post-test design that involved implementing a set of interventions and comparing the baseline and endline indicators. The study, referred to as Tembe Mkononi project, was conducted from 1st February 2021 to 31st December 2022, in Homa Bay County. Data collection involved baseline and endline interviews with 10 pharmacy staff (drawn from 9 pharmacy outlets) and 20 community health volunteers while program data was extracted from pharmacy sales records.
Results
A total of 527 clients obtained medical abortion drugs from the 9 participating pharmacy outlets between April and December 2022. There was a steady increase in the number of clients served from 15 clients in April 2022 to 112 clients in December 2022. Out of the 527 clients, 523 of them obtained family planning methods. All the pharmacy staff and community health volunteers expressed satisfaction and positive attitude towards the services provided to clients.
Conclusion
Results of the study show that the provision of medical abortion and other sexual and reproductive health services such as contraceptives to women and girls through private pharmacy outlets was feasible and acceptable. Building the capacity of community health volunteers to create awareness, strengthen referral and follow-up activities increased demand and uptake of sexual and reproductive health services including medical abortion over the project period. Overall, the interventions implemented in a rural county in Western Kenya have potential in addressing the problem of unsafe abortion which is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Kenya and other developing countries.
Cardiovascular Disorders and Pregnancy Complications Post-COVID-19: Investigating the Potential Role of Vaccination
Authors: Sadiq Alaa M. , Al-Amran Fadhil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In a detailed study of 420 pregnant women in the last trimester from southern and central Iraq, aged 15 to 36 years, the impact of COVID-19 vaccinations on cardiovascular risk factors was assessed. The study's cohort displayed diverse vaccination statuses, with 50% receiving two vaccine doses and 10% receiving one dose, involving brands like Pfizer and Sinopharm. The findings indicated a notable distinction in cardiovascular responses between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women. Vaccination seemed to reduce certain cardiovascular risks during pregnancy in the COVID-19 era. However, the extent of risk mitigation varied based on the number of vaccine doses and the vaccine type. In summary, the research suggests a potential protective effect of full COVID-19 vaccination against cardiovascular risks in pregnancy. These results highlight the need for further investigations into the specific effects of different COVID-19 vaccines on cardiovascular health in pregnancy.
A new color in the Goya palette - Analysis on a recently rediscovered painting
Authors: Legnaioli Stefano , Marras Luciano , Felicetti Chiara , Palleschi Vincenzo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The recent rediscovery of an allegorical caprice by Francisco Goya, entitledThe Black Mass of Zugarramurdi / Allegory of Knowledge according to enlightenment philosophy, was the occasion for an in-depth analysis of the materials used by the Artist for the creation of this small masterpiece. The diagnostic studies carried out on the painting, based on microscopic and spectroscopic analysis, have not only demonstrated the correspondence of the materials detected with those usually used by the artist, but the characterization of the pigments that emerged from the investigations has also highlighted the presence of a new color, a chrome yellow/orange, so far not detected in the studies conducted on the corpus of Goya’s works. This important discovery, in addition to bringing an interesting novelty to the artist's palette, contributes significantly to corroborating the dating of the work to the years of the Peninsular War, as suggested by the art-historical analysis of the painting.
Scope 3 Emissions of 2,000 Companies and 19,000 Subsegments
Authors: Li Xinmeng , Katafuchi Yuya , Yamada Taiki , Fujii Hidemichi , Kanemoto Keiichiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Scope 3 emissions have emerged as a standard metric for evaluating corporate responsibility toward climate change. These emissions are associated with activities not directly controlled by a company but that occur within its value chain. However, reporting Scope 3 emissions faces significant challenges due to varying system boundaries and the divergence in emission factors used for estimation. This leads to difficulties in comparing and standardizing these reports across different companies. Here, we estimate Scope 3 emissions for approximately 2,000 global companies in a comparable format, using an enterprise-level global supply chain database. Our comparison of these estimates with the companies' own reports revealed a significant disparity in the accuracy of Scope 3 emissions reporting. Additionally, the analysis shows that companies reporting Scope 3 emissions had lower emission factors on average compared to those not reporting. This study marks the first comprehensive effort to enable the comparison of Scope 3 emissions across companies. These comparisons facilitate investment decisions and consumption behaviors that consider corporate responsibility toward climate change. Additionally, the extension of this analysis could simplify the process for companies to report their Scope 3 emissions.
Evaluating Endothelial Dysfunction in Post-COVID-19 Patients: Implications for Vascular Health
Authors: Sadiq Alaa M. , Al-Amran Fadhil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Among its many impacts, the effect of the virus on vascular health, particularly endothelial function, has become a focal point of research. This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on endothelial function in a diverse Iraqi patient population. Methods In a cross-sectional study design, we assessed 284 patients from various regions in Iraq, including 100 females and 184 males, aged between 35 and 83 years. The evaluation of endothelial function was conducted using non-invasive methods such as flow-mediated dilation and biomarker analysis to measure endothelial integrity and inflammatory response. Results Our findings indicate that COVID-19 significantly impacts endothelial function, suggesting potential long-term risks to blood vessel integrity and increased cardiovascular risk. The effects were particularly pronounced in older age groups, highlighting the need for targeted vascular health monitoring in these patients. Conclusions The study reveals critical insights into the vascular implications of COVID-19. It underscores the importance of including assessments of endothelial function in the post-COVID-19 healthcare management plan, especially for older patients. These findings prompt the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate the long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 and improve patient care during and after the pandemic.
Advances in using mathematical optimization to manage floods with assessment of possible benefits using a case study
Authors: Ilich Nesa , Basistha Ashoke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the benefits of using mathematical optimization for reservoir operation based on the assumed availability of short-term runoff forecasts. The novelty is the inclusion of the SSARR hydrological routing as optimization constraints in multiple time step optimization, where the routing coefficients are adjusted dynamically as functions of the channel flows. The paper shows significant reduction of downstream peak flows in flood-prone areas even with a forecast horizon of only 2 days, and it also includes the results of testing the effects of different lengths of forecasting horizons on model results. The case study is conducted on the Damodar River Basin in the Indian State of West Bengal, where basin development started in the 1950s, with flood protection of the downstream river valley as the highest management priority, in addition to water supply and hydro power. The solution methodology and the model results presented in this paper pave the way for eventual introduction to automated management of reservoir outflows that could shape water resources industry in much the same way that auto-pilot and driverless cars are revolutionizing the transportation industry, assuming that runoff forecasting capabilities continue to improve.
SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from Natural Product Repository as Therapeutic Candidates for the Treatment of Coronaviridae Infections
Authors: Khanfar Mohammad Abdalmoety , Saleh Mohammad Issa 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The main protease (Mpro) is a crucial enzyme for the life cycle of
SARS-CoV-2 and a validated target for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Natural
products have been a proper alternative for treating viral diseases by modulating different
steps of the life cycle of many viruses.

Objective:
This review article is designed to summarize the cumulative information of
natural-derived Mpro inhibitors that are validated by experimental biological testing.

Methods:
The natural-derived Mpro inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 that have been discovered
since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic are reviewed in this article. Only natural
products with experimental validation are reported in this article. Collected compounds
are classified according to their chemical identity into flavonoids, phenolic acids, quinones,
alkaloids, chromones, stilbenes, tannins, lignans, terpenes, and other polyphenolic
and miscellaneous natural-derived Mpro inhibitors.

Conclusion:
These compounds could serve as scaffolds for further lead-structure optimization
for desirable potency, a larger margin of safety, and better oral activity.
Various Synthetic Methods and Diverse Therapeutic Potential of Substituted
Thiazine Derivatives
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Allahyani Mamdouh , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Almehmadi Mazen Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds are currently of great interest in pharmaceutical research.
Many natural products, including vitamins, hormones, and antibiotics, contain heterocyclic
compounds, and these substances have grown in importance. Heterocyclic thiazine derivatives
have numerous pharmacological actions, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antipsychotic,
anti-mycobacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, analgesic,
antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities, which is present in numerous substances. The N-CS
linkage in its scaffold and the ease and economy of its synthesis methods have been key
factors in the development of these molecules. Recently, numerous studies considering the
various biological actions of thiazines have been published. Thiazine, a six-membered heterocyclic
compound with nitrogen and sulfur in its ring system, has a wide range of chemical
possibilities, which has encouraged insistent research into their various synthesis processes. The current review
focuses on thiazine derivatives with potential biological activities.
A Comprehensive Review on Nanoparticles as a Targeted Delivery System for the
Treatment of Lung Cancer
Authors: Gupta Twinkle , Varanwal Avinash , Nema Priyanshu , Soni Sakshi , Iyer Arun Kumar , Das Ratnesh , Soni Vandana , Kashaw Sushil Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The second most common type of cancer is lung cancer, impacting the human population. Lung cancer
is treated with a number of surgical and non-surgical therapies, including radiation, chemotherapy, and photodynamic treatment. However, the bulk of these procedures are costly, difficult, and hostile to patients. Chemotherapy is distinguished by inadequate tumour targeting, low drug solubility, and insufficient drug transport to the
tumour site. In order to deal with the issues related to chemotherapy, extensive efforts are underway to develop
and investigate various types of nanoparticles, both organic and inorganic, for the treatment of lung cancer. The
subject of this review is the advancements in research pertaining to active targeted lung cancer nano-drug delivery systems treatment, with a specific emphasis on receptors or targets. The findings of this study are expected to
assist biomedical researchers in utilizing nanoparticles [NPs] as innovative tools for lung cancer treatment, offering new methods for delivering drugs and reliable solid ligands.
Bioprospecting of Metabolites from Actinomycetes and their
Applications
Authors: Izhar Syed Khalida , Rizvi Shareen Fatima , Afaq Uzma , Fatima Faria , Siddiqui Saba 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Actinomycetes are present in various terrestrial and aquatic habitats, predominantly
in the soil rhizosphere, encompassing marine and freshwater ecosystems. These
microorganisms exhibit characteristics that resemble both bacteria and fungi. Numerous
actinomycetes exhibit a mycelial existence and undergo significant morphological transformations.
These bacteria are widely recognized as biotechnologically significant microorganisms
utilized for the production of secondary metabolites. In all, over 45% of all
bioactive microbial metabolites are produced by actinomycetes, which are responsible for
producing around 10,000 of them. The majority of actinomycetes exhibit substantial saprophytic
characteristics in their natural environment, enabling them to effectively decompose
a diverse range of plant and animal waste materials during the process of decomposition.
Additionally, these organisms possess a sophisticated secondary metabolic system,
which enables them to synthesize almost two-thirds of all naturally occurring antibiotics.
Moreover, they can create a diverse array of chemical compounds with medical or agricultural
applications, including anticancer, antiparasitic, and antibacterial agents. This review
aims to provide an overview of the prominent biotechnological domains in which
actinobacteria and their metabolites demonstrate noteworthy applicability. The graphical
abstract provides a preview of the primary sections covered in this review. This paper
presents a comprehensive examination of the biotechnological applications and metabolites
of actinobacteria, highlighting their potential for patent innovations.
Étude de la variation dans la prononciation française contemporaine locale des toponymes hesbignons composés de Lens: Lens-Saint-Remy [W 48], Lens-Saint-Servais [W 49], Lens-sur-Geer [W 12] et Abolens [W 34]
Authors: Joassin Robin 
Published: November 2023

This contribution focuses on the toponyms incorporating “Lens”, in the belgian local region of Hesbaye: Lens-Saint-Remy [W 48], Lens-Saint-Servais [W 49], Lens-sur-Geer [W 12] and Abolens [W 34]. It explores the contemporary local French pronunciations of these toponyms, highlighting the variation that exists in their pronunciation and establishing links between the speakers’ profile and their choice of variant. The study draws on a survey of 348 participants. Initially, the paper revisits some etymological considerations, showing what it has to contribute to the study of the etymology of Lens and proposing a hypothesis for that of “Abolens”: on the other hand, it explores a broader question: it sets out to identify the factors that determine the use of the determiner of a compound toponym in contexts of «language of immediacy».
Predisposing Factors of Nosocomial Infections in Hospitalized Patients in the United Kingdom: Systematic Review
Authors: Isigi Sharon Shivuli , Parsa Ali Davod , Alasqah Ibrahim , Mahmud Ilias , Kabir Russell 
Published: November 2023

Background
Nosocomial infections are infections incubating or not present at the time of admission to a hospital and manifest 48 hours after hospital admission. The specific factors contributing to the risk of infection during hospitalization remain unclear, particularly for the hospitalized population of the United Kingdom.

Objective
The aim of this systematic literature review was to explore the risk factors of nosocomial infections in hospitalized adult patients in the United Kingdom.

Methods
A comprehensive keyword search was conducted through the PubMed, Medline, and EBSCO CINAHL Plus databases. The keywords included “risk factors” or “contributing factors” or “predisposing factors” or “cause” or “vulnerability factors” and “nosocomial infections” or “hospital-acquired infections” and “hospitalized patients” or “inpatients” or “patients” or “hospitalized.” Additional articles were obtained through reference harvesting of selected articles. The search was limited to the United Kingdom with papers written in English, without limiting for age and gender to minimize bias. The above process retrieved 377 articles, which were further screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The retained 9 studies were subjected to critical appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (cohort and case-control studies) and Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (cross-sectional studies) checklists. Finally, 6 eligible publications were identified and used to collect the study findings. A thematic analysis technique was used to analyze data extracted on risk factors of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in the United Kingdom.

Results
The risk factors for nosocomial infections that emerged from the reviewed studies included older age, intrahospital transfers, cross-infection, longer hospital stay, readmissions, prior colonization with opportunistic organisms, comorbidities, and prior intake of antibiotics and urinary catheters. Nosocomial infections were associated with more extended hospital stays, presenting with increased morbidity and mortality. Measures for controlling nosocomial infections included the use of single-patient rooms, well-equipped wards, prior screening of staff and patients, adequate sick leave for staff, improved swallowing techniques and nutritional intake for patients, improved oral hygiene, avoiding unnecessary indwelling plastics, use of suprapubic catheters, aseptic techniques during patient care, and prophylactic use.

Conclusions
There is a need for further studies to aid in implementing nosocomial infection prevention and control.
Accuracy, Usability, and Adherence of Smartwatches for Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Older Adults After Stroke: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ding Eric Y , Tran Khanh-Van , Lessard Darleen , Wang Ziyue , Han Dong , Mohagheghian Fahimeh , Mensah Otabil Edith , Noorishirazi Kamran , Mehawej Jordy , Filippaios Andreas , Naeem Syed , Gottbrecht Matthew F , Fitzgibbons Timothy P , Saczynski Jane S , Barton Bruce , Chon Ki , McManus David D 
Published: November 2023

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of stroke, and timely diagnosis is critical for secondary prevention. Little is known about smartwatches for AF detection among stroke survivors. We aimed to examine accuracy, usability, and adherence to a smartwatch-based AF monitoring system designed by older stroke survivors and their caregivers.

Objective
This study aims to examine the feasibility of smartwatches for AF detection in older stroke survivors.

Methods
Pulsewatch is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which stroke survivors received either a smartwatch-smartphone dyad for AF detection (Pulsewatch system) plus an electrocardiogram patch or the patch alone for 14 days to assess the accuracy and usability of the system (phase 1). Participants were subsequently rerandomized to potentially 30 additional days of system use to examine adherence to watch wear (phase 2). Participants were aged 50 years or older, had survived an ischemic stroke, and had no major contraindications to oral anticoagulants. The accuracy for AF detection was determined by comparing it to cardiologist-overread electrocardiogram patch, and the usability was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Adherence was operationalized as daily watch wear time over the 30-day monitoring period.

Results
A total of 120 participants were enrolled (mean age 65 years; 50/120, 41% female; 106/120, 88% White). The Pulsewatch system demonstrated 92.9% (95% CI 85.3%-97.4%) accuracy for AF detection. Mean usability score was 65 out of 100, and on average, participants wore the watch for 21.2 (SD 8.3) of the 30 days.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that a smartwatch system designed by and for stroke survivors is a viable option for long-term arrhythmia detection among older adults at risk for AF, though it may benefit from strategies to enhance adherence to watch wear.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03761394; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03761394

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1016/j.cvdhj.2021.07.002