bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of national healthcare systems in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Arhin Kwadwo , Asante-Darko Disraeli 
Published: November 2023

Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain a major public health concern globally, threatening the achievement of sustainable development goal 3.4 (SDG 3.4), which seeks to reduce premature NCD-related deaths by one-third by 2030. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), improving the efficiency of NCD spending (i.e., maximizing the impact of every dollar spent on NCDs) is one of the strategic approaches for achieving SDG target 3.4. This study aims to assess the efficiency and productivity of NCDs spending in 34 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2015 to 2019.

Methods
The study employed the data envelopment analysis (DEA) double-bootstrap truncated and Tobit regressions, one-stage stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model, the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), and spatial autocorrelation analysis to estimate NCDs spending efficiency, identify the context-specific environmental factors that influence NCDs spending efficiency, evaluate total productivity change and identify its components, and assess the spatial interdependence of the efficiency scores.

Results
The estimated average DEA bias-corrected NCD spending efficiency score was 87.3% (95% CI: 86.2–88.5). Additionally, smoking per capita, solid fuel pollution, alcohol use, governance quality, urbanization, GDP per capita, external funding for NCDs, and private domestic funding for NCDs healthcare services were found to be significantly associated with NCDs spending efficiency. The study also revealed a decline of 3.2% in the MPI, driven by a 10.6% technical regress. Although all countries registered growth in efficiency, except for the Central Africa Republic and DR Congo, the growth in efficiency was overshadowed by the decline in technical change. Global Moran’s I test indicated the existence of significant positive spatial autocorrelation in the efficiency of NCDs spending across SSA countries.

Conclusion
The study underscores the importance of efficient use of resources in NCDs treatment and prevention and increased investment in NCDs research and development in achieving the SDG target 3.4.
Origin of Discrete and Continuous Dark Noise in Rod Photoreceptors
Authors: Bocchero Ulisse , Pahlberg Johan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe detection of a single photon by a rod photoreceptor is limited by two sources of physiological noise, called discrete and continuous noise. Discrete noise occurs as intermittent current deflections with a waveform very similar to that of the single-photon response to real light and is thought to be produced by spontaneous activation of rhodopsin. Continuous noise occurs as random and continuous fluctuations in outer-segment current and is usually attributed to some intermediate in the phototransduction cascade. To confirm the origin of these noise sources, we have recorded from retinas of mouse lines with rods having reduced levels of rhodopsin, transducin, or phosphodiesterase. We show that the rate of discrete noise is diminished in proportion to the decrease in rhodopsin concentration, and that continuous noise is independent of transducin concentration but clearly elevated when the level of phosphodiesterase is reduced. Our experiments provide new molecular evidence that discrete noise is indeed produced by rhodopsin itself, and that continuous noise is generated by spontaneous activation of phosphodiesterase resulting in random fluctuations in outer-segment current.
Coping Factors for Caregivers of Children With Medical Complexity During Hospitalization
Authors: Krieg Kathleen D. , Nooraie Reza Yousefi , Favella Maria , Iadarola Suzannah , Kuo Dennis Z. , O’Connor Thomas G. , Petrenko Christie L.M. , Bayer Nathaniel D. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify coping factors for caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) to manage the stressors and experience associated with their child’s hospitalization.

METHODS
We conducted semistructured interviews with CMC caregivers over a video-conferencing platform to examine factors that they perceive impact their coping while their children are hospitalized. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported into a qualitative coding software (MAXQDA). Using a modified grounded theory approach, we assigned process and in vivo codes to the transcripts and conducted interpretive analysis to identify themes. Once we reached thematic saturation, we finalized themes by discussing them to achieve group consensus and processed themes through triangulation with our institution’s pediatric family advisory council.

RESULTS
We interviewed 14 caregivers (11 mothers and 3 fathers) and identified 3 major themes. The factors that contributed to CMC caregiver coping with their child’s hospitalizations included caregivers: feeling that they are prioritizing their child’s needs over their own, feeling trust in their child’s interdisciplinary healthcare team, and feeling their self-care practices are well adjusted to the hospital setting.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study found 3 coping factors for caregivers of CMC during their child’s hospitalization. Development and testing of interventions that enhance these coping practices may better support CMC caregivers during their child’s hospitalizations. Potential interventions could include developing structured processes to establish caregiver involvement in their child’s hospital care and helping caregivers modify their existing coping mechanisms to the hospital setting.
Increasing Access to and Utilization of Behavioral Health Care Through Integrated Primary Care
Authors: Hostutler Cody , Wolf Noelle , Snider Tyanna , Butz Catherine , Kemper Alex R. , Butter Eric 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate changes in access to and utilization of behavioral health (BH) services after the integration of psychologists into primary care clinics compared with clinics without integrated psychologists.

METHODS
We integrated 4 of 12 primary care clinics within our academic health system. We used the median wait time for BH services as a proxy for changes in access and defined BH utilization as the percentage of primary care visits that resulted in contact with a BH clinician within 180 days. We compared changes in access and utilization from the year before integration (September 2015 to September 2016) with the 2 years after integration (October 2016 to October 2018) within integrated clinics and between integrated and nonintegrated clinics. We used difference-in-difference analysis to test the association of study outcomes with the presence of integrated psychologists.

RESULTS
Access and utilization were similar across all practices before integration. After integration, BH utilization increased by 143% in integrated clinics compared with 12% in nonintegrated clinics. The utilization of BH services outside of the medical home (ie, specialty BH service) decreased for integrated clinics only. In clinics with integrated psychologists, 93% of initial BH visits happened on the same day as a need was identified. The median wait time for the 7% in integrated clinics who were not seen on the same day was 11.4 days (interquartile range = 5.3–17.7) compared with 48.3 days (interquartile range = 20.4–93.6) for nonintegrated clinics.

CONCLUSIONS
A team-based integration model increased BH utilization and access.
Teaching Competencies in Nursing Professors: Visions of Students and Academics
Authors: Quintana Alonso Raúl , García Redondo Eva , Ortega María Miana , Chamorro Rebollo Elena , Cieza García José Antonio 
Published: November 2023

Objective. This work sought to know the view of Nursing professors and students about the competencies the faculty staff must have to deploy their educational function with maximum quality and efficiency.
Methods. Descriptive qualitative study through focus groups conducted with professors, students and recent Nursing career graduates from universities in Spain.
Results. The importance of the proposed teaching competencies was delved into, highlighting the importance of professors knowing the context in which they teach, having the ability to self-evaluate their activity, and having adequate interpersonal communication skills, and deploy the teaching-learning process by performing proper planning, using new technologies, and knowing how to engage in teamwork. Moreover, a small discrepancy was detected in relation to disciplinary competence, which students felt was of importance, but which academics indicated is taken for granted in nursing professors; competencies directly related to the act of teaching must be enhanced.
Conclusion. Practical unanimity was found between academics and students in affirming that the competencies investigated are important for adequate development of the teaching activity in nursing professors. In all cases, the urgent need was highlighted for nursing professors to have adequate teaching training to provide their students with formation of the highest quality.
Study on Human Wildlife Conflict and Its Impact on The Livelihood of Rural Communities of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Fatima Digal  , Manoj Singh  
Published: November 2023

The escalating human-wildlife conflicts in rural communities, driven by expanding human populations encroaching upon natural habits, pose significant risks to both human safety and livelihoods as highlighted in the WWF Magazine ‘s Spring Issue (2023). These conflicts result from differing perspectives on resolution, leading to tensions among various groups and causing a reduction in territory, natural resources, fatalities, injuries and habitat destruction for both humans and wildlife. Unfortunately, some rare and endangered species face the threat of extinction due to human action taken to prevent future conflicts, emphasizing the urgent need to address this issue. Philip J. Nyhus (2016) suggests that a range of social and psychological factors, including cultural backgrounds, emotional connections, economic considerations governance structures and stakeholder involvement influence people’s interaction with wildlife. Based on the data obtained from various sources around2020-23, the number of animal and financial losses was estimated. Most of the damage is caused in Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Parvathipuram, and Eluru districts where most of the HWC occurs mainly due to elephant attacks (Elephas spp), along with monkeys (Maccacca spp), wild Boar (Sus spp), Snakes like (Naja naja, Krait, Bungarus spp) Mice, Mouse, Rat spp., Jackles (Canis spp), Tiger (Tigris spp) which is amounting to almost 22% of the livestock loss domesticated by farmers. The domesticated animals which were mostly eaten by the predators are Fishes, (Catla, Labeo,Cirhinus spp.) Birds (Gallus, Chittagong, Aseel spp.) goats (Capra spp.), sheep (Ovis spp,) Cows (Bos spp.), pigs (Sus), Buffalo (Bubalus spp.), etc. Altogether substantial amount of monetary loss has occurred. The public and government officials in combined action can mitigate these problems from future attacks. To address this issue, effective management strategies are needed that balance the needs of both humans and wildlife while minimizing the risk of conflict.
Inclisiran in patients with acute ischemic stroke: first data
Authors: Cherepianskii M. S. , Ponomareva G. M. , Skiba I. B. , Abakarov R. M. , Dudayte V. V. , Cherepianskaia A. A. 
Published: November 2023

Aim. To evaluate the effect of inclisiran therapy on parameters of lipid metabolism in hospitalized patients with acute ischemic stroke.Material and methods. A prospective, observational, non-randomized study was performed. The study included 12 patients with acute ischemic stroke prescribed with a combination lipid-lowering therapy with inclisiran (284 mg as a single dose). At 15 days after the start of therapy, changes in blood lipid composition were assessed. For quantitative variables, median, maximum and minimum values were determined. The significance of differences between related samples in quantitative variables was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test.Results. Before the start of combination lipid-lowering therapy, total cholesterol (TC) was 7.33 mmol/l and low-density lipoprotein C (LDL-C) was 5.23 mmol/l. At 15 days after the start of inclisiran therapy, TC significantly decreased by 52.1 % and LDL-C decreased by 71.1 %. The proportion of patients who reached the LDL-C goal was 66.7 %. There were no adverse events considered by the investigators to be related with the therapy.Conclusion. The strategy of early administration of inclisiran (or its combination with a statin) in patients with ischemic stroke allows safe achievement of a significant reduction in LDL-C already in 15 days after the start of therapy.
BUILDING POWER AND TRUST
Authors: Yassine Fatima-Ezzahra , El Kortbi Imane , Nekhass Houssame , Housni Hamid 
Published: November 2023

This paper falls within a conjunction of translation studies, crisis communication, and social media communication. It sheds light on the critical role of translation in crisis management, with a focus on how the aforementioned elements of scrutiny converge and collaborate in the milieu of the outraging global pandemic. Likewise, the paper seeks to reveal the way translating information and information exchange enhances public trust. Therefore, it emphasizes how discourse can heavily contribute to building trust during a global health emergency and how translation can offer power to the source language/culture by relocating its emanating knowledge to the rest of the world. Likewise, the paper seeks to discuss the way translating information and information exchange enhances public trust. The present paper is a qualitative study that recovers data from selected translated discourses imparted by organizations as well as a questionnaire inquiring about the communicative content disseminated through social media networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article scrutinizes the data in terms of content, based on communication content analysis to shed light on how translation could be a powerful tool of relocating meaning production in establishing trust and the extent to which social media is effective as a crisis management mechanism. The further aim of this study is to demonstrate how internet communities and networking technologies can influence deep-rooted forms of communication adopted by governments and the way social media dynamics enhance or undermine the information-translation process at times of crisis. The preliminary data, contrary to what has been assumed, shows that non-expert reactions, attitudes, feelings, experiences, and trends are transmitted via social media and algorithmically analyzed, influencing the information cycle in real time. The networked-translation paradigm focuses less on a one-to-many communication style that uses language, context, and reasoning to persuade receivers and more on a many-to-many communication style that uses audiovisual means to mobilize crowds. (Van Dijck & Alinejad, 2020)
REPENSER LA COMMUNICATION SOCIO-PÉDAGOGIQUE DANS L'ÈRE POST-COVID
Authors: Ben Khajjou Ibrahim 
Published: November 2023

En raison du contexte imposé par la pandémie de COVID-19, les établissements scolaires ont dû revoir leurs méthodes d'enseignement. Cette étude se penche sur une approche novatrice pour l'enseignement du français auprès des élèves du secondaire en utilisant les ressources d'Internet. L'objectif principal de cette recherche était d'évaluer l'efficacité d'une méthode particulière d'enseignement du français. Pour ce faire, des expérimentations ont été menées au moyen d'une plateforme en ligne, permettant aux utilisateurs d'interagir en français. Ces interactions impliquaient des locuteurs natifs de la langue française et des apprenants du français en tant que langue étrangère. Au cœur de cette démarche, les participants étaient libres de choisir les sujets de leurs conversations. L'étude s'est penchée sur les thèmes abordés ainsi que sur les perceptions des participants concernant ces interactions. Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé des différences significatives entre les approches et les comportements des deux groupes, à savoir les locuteurs natifs et les apprenants du français. Les locuteurs natifs ont démontré une propension à interagir de manière spontanée et détendue, échangeant leurs idées sans être excessivement préoccupés par la précision linguistique. Dans leurs interactions, l'accent était davantage mis sur l'établissement de relations sociales et sur l'exploration des aspects interculturels et sociaux de la communication. L'utilisation fréquente d'emojis et d'abréviations soulignait le caractère informel de ces échanges, avec une moindre préoccupation pour les normes linguistiques formelles. En contraste, les apprenants du français adoptaient une approche plus formelle dans leurs interactions. Ils percevaient souvent l'exercice comme une évaluation académique et interagissaient en conséquence, s'adressant préférentiellement à l'enseignant plutôt qu'aux autres participants. Cette dynamique reflétait une vision de l'apprentissage des langues comme une compétence académique centrée sur la communication avec un enseignant plutôt qu'une compétence pratique pour interagir dans la société. Ces constats soulignent l'importance de prendre en compte les perceptions et les attitudes des apprenants lors de la conception des approches pédagogiques. Ils mettent en évidence un écart potentiel entre les intentions sous-jacentes à l'approche socio-interactionnelle et son interprétation par les usagers. En conséquence, il apparaît essentiel de repenser la présentation des activités en ligne et de favoriser une vision élargie de l'apprentissage des langues. Cette vision doit soutenir à la fois l'acquisition de compétences communicatives pratiques et l'interaction authentique avec des locuteurs natifs. En conclusion, l'approche socio-interactionnelle offre un cadre pédagogique novateur qui transcende les approches traditionnelles, en mettant l'accent sur le développement de compétences pratiques et communicatives essentielles pour une utilisation effective de la langue dans divers contextes.
ROLE DE L’APPROCHE HUMAINE DANS LA GESTION COMMUNICATIONNELLE D’UNE CRISE
Authors: Boulahrouf Hanane , El Kortbi Imane , Mouaaid Nouha , Maati Alaoui Fennane Moulay , Lahiala Abdelfattah 
Published: November 2023

Dans l'exercice de son activité, aucune organisation n'est immunisée contre les situations de crise. Crises majeures de santé publique, ruptures organisationnelles, effondrements de système ou éclatements culturels sont des situations qui tendent à échapper au monde de l'exceptionnel (LAGADEC, 1991). La crise sanitaire Covid-19 est une crise d'envergure planétaire. Elle a bouleversé le fonctionnement de tous les systèmes en l'occurrence les systèmes éducatifs. Au Maroc, les pouvoirs publics ont entrepris des stratégies et des mesures afin de limiter au plus grand degré les effets de la crise sur la scolarité des étudiants et d'assurer une continuité pédagogique. En vue de concrétiser ces mesures, une activité importante de communication a été déployée. Cette gestion communicationnelle ambitionnait à informer les étudiants sur les changements prévus et à leurs impliquer dans le nouveau mode d'apprentissage, qui a été assuré à distance. Durant cette période difficile, les étudiants devaient suivre les cours assurés par leurs enseignants et s'adapter avec cette transition. L'étudiant, confronté à une telle situation, a besoin d'aide psychique et affective d'où la nécessité d'une approche humaine de la communication de crise. Notre communication vise donc à montrer l'importance d'une approche humaine dans l'efficacité de la gestion communicationnelle d'une crise, cas: scolarisation des étudiants marocains lors de la crise sanitaire de Covid-19.
Team Approach: Organizing and Empowering Multidisciplinary Teams in Postfragility Fracture Care
Authors: Becerril Daniela Varona , Dirschl Douglas R. 
Published: November 2023

» Numerous healthcare roles can be valuable and effective participants in postfracture care programs (PFCPs) and can also serve effectively as program liaisons/champions.» Greatest success seems to have been achieved when a single entity provides cohesive and consistent training, coordination, shared goals, and accountability for program sites and site leaders.» Few PFCPs have solved what seems to be the fundamental challenge of such programs: how to maintain program effectiveness and cohesion when the patient makes the inevitable transition from acute care to primary care? Creating a partnership with shared goals with primary care providers is a challenge for every program in every location.» Programs located in the United States, with its predominantly “open” healthcare system, seem to lag other parts of the world in overcoming this fundamental challenge.» It is hoped that all PFCPs in all systems can learn from the successes of other programs in managing this critical transition from acute to primary care.
Unlocking the Healing Potential
Authors: Shahzad Hania , Lee Maximillian , Munjal Vikas , Veliky Cole , Yu Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

» Cannabinoids, such as D9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, interact with endocannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system and immune system, potentially offering pain relief. The entourage effect, resulting from the interaction of multiple cannabis components, may enhance therapeutic impact and efficacy, making them promising candidates for exploring pain relief in spine operations, known to be among the most painful operative procedures.» The use of cannabinoids in pain management requires careful consideration of safety, including their cognitive and psychomotor effects, potential cardiovascular risks, risk of dependence, mental health implications, and drug interactions.» Few studies have analyzed cannabinoid use in relation to spine surgery, with variable results reported, indicating possible effects on reoperation rates, mortality, complications, postoperative opioid use, and length of hospital stay.» Current knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of cannabinoid effects on spine surgery, including the exploration of different administration routes, timing, dosage, and specific outcomes. In addition, mechanistic explanations for the observed results are lacking.» Ethical considerations related to informed consent, medical expertise, societal impact, and legal compliance must also be thoroughly addressed when considering the utilization of cannabinoids in spinal pathologies and back pain treatment.