bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation in muscle fibre area, gaping, texture, colour and collagen in triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L)
Authors: Bjørnevik Marit , Espe Marit , Beattie Chris , Nortvedt Ragnar , Kiessling Anders 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDiploid and triploid Atlantic salmon were reared for 32 months in seawater, from October 1998 to January 2000. During this period of time, four samplings were taken to study differences in quality traits and chemical components in the flesh between diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon. Season was found to be the dominant factor explaining the variation in flesh quality traits in both triploid and diploid fish. Ploidy affected the majority of investigated variables while body size had lesser impact. Triploid Atlantic salmon had fewer small muscle fibres and up to 23% larger mean cross‐sectional muscle fibre area than diploids. Triploids also displayed more gaping, softer fillet texture, lower post mortem end pH, darker (L value) and redder (a value) flesh colour, and more soluble and less insoluble collagen compared with diploid fish. No effect of ploidy was found on crude chemical composition. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between gaping score and muscle fibre area, and a weak positive correlation was found between fibre density and texture firmness. However, when body size and sampling time was included in the statistical model, this relationship between gaping and fibre area became very weak, and the relationship between texture and fibre area was completely negated. This suggests that intra‐species variation in both texture and gaping is more related to season and body size than to average muscle fibre area size. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensitivity enhancement of chlorinated phenols by continuous flow liquid membrane extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Zhou Qingxiang , Liu Jingfu , Jiang Guibin , Liu Guoguang , Cai Yaqi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a new analytical system, based on the combination of continuous flow liquid membrane extraction (CFLME) enrichment and capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation, for analysis of chlorinated phenols in water samples. Five chlorinated phenols including 3‐chlorophenol (3CP), 4‐chlorophenol (4CP) 2,4‐dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were separated by CE with Tris/sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing methanol 1% (v/v) as the run buffer. CFLME related parameters were investigated and optimal enrichment was obtained by using 0.3 mol L–1 Tris as acceptor and with a sample pH 5.0, a sample flow rate of 4.0 mL min–1, and an enrichment sample volume of 150 mL. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 6.9, 1.0, and 1.7 ng mL–1 for DCP, PCP, and TCP, respectively. The reproducibility (RSD%, n = 6) was 5.7 for DCP, 2.5 for PCP, and 2.8% for TCP (n = 6). The proposed method was applied to the determination of chlorinated phenols in spiked water samples with relatively satisfactory recoveries.
Sequential injection chromatographic determination of paracetamol, caffeine, and acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical tablets
Authors: Šatínský Dalibor , Neto Isabel , Solich Petr , Sklenářová Hana , Conceição M. , Montenegro B. S. M. , Araújo Alberto N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this contribution, a new separation method for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, and internal standard benzoic acid was developed based on a novel reversed‐phase sequential injection chromatography (SIC) technique with UV detection. A Chromolith® Flash RP‐18e, 25‐4.6 mm column (Merck, Germany) and a FIAlab® 3000 system (USA) with an 8‐port selection valve and a 5 mL syringe were used for sequential injection chromatographic separations in our study. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile‐(0.01 M) phosphate buffer (10 : 90, v/v) pH 4.05, flow rate 0.6 mL min–1. UV detection was at 210 and 230 nm. The validation parameters showed good results: linearity (r >0.999) for all compounds, detection limits in the range 0.3–0.8 μg mL–1, repeatability (RSD) of peak heights between runs in the range 1.10–4.30% at three concentration levels and intra‐day repeatability of the retention times in the range 0.28–0.43%. The analysis time was < 6 min. The method was found to be applicable for the routine analysis of the active compounds paracetamol, caffeine, and acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical tablets.
Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Epoxidized Vegetable Oil
Authors: Park Soo‐Jin , Jin Fan‐Long , Lee Jae‐Rock 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: The novel potential epoxy resins, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and epoxidized castor oil (ECO), were synthesized and characterized. The cationic polymerization of ESO and ECO with a latent thermal catalyst, N‐benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH), was initiated at 80 and 50 °C, respectively. The cured ECO samples showed a higher Tg and lower coefficient of thermal expansion than those of ESO, due to the higher intermolecular interaction in the ECO/BPH system.Relationships between ESO or ECO conversion and temperature in the polymerization with 1 wt.‐% BPH for 2 h.imageRelationships between ESO or ECO conversion and temperature in the polymerization with 1 wt.‐% BPH for 2 h.
Gelation Rate Modulation of an α‐Cyclodextrin and Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Grafted Hyaluronic Acid Solution System by Inclusion Complexation of a Microphase‐Separated Structure
Authors: Nakama Tsuyoshi , Ooya Tooru , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: The gelation rate of a poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted hyaluronic acid (PEG‐graft‐HA) solution with adding α‐CD was investigated in term of the microphase separation between the grafted PEG and HA. The gelation rate of PEG‐graft‐HA exhibiting the microphase‐separated structure was two times higher than that of PEG‐graft‐HA showing a homogeneous miscible state.The formation of microphases by PEG‐graft‐HA contributes to its rapid gelation upon the addition of α‐CDs.imageThe formation of microphases by PEG‐graft‐HA contributes to its rapid gelation upon the addition of α‐CDs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cross‐Linked Poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene)s
Authors: Hittinger Eric , Kokil Akshay , Weder Christoph 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: Conjugated poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) networks with interesting optoelectronic properties were synthesized by the palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation of 2,5‐diiodo‐4‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]methoxybenzene, and 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐bis‐(octyloxy)benzene, with 1,2,4‐tribromobenzene as cross‐linker. The cross‐linker concentration was varied and materials with different cross‐link densities were prepared. The materials were processed into films by simultaneous polymerization and shaping. An alternative approach is to synthesize these cross‐linked polymers in the form of spherical particles, which can be processed from dispersions.Schematic representation of the cross‐linking process.imageSchematic representation of the cross‐linking process.
Eine innovativ im Sol‐Gel‐Prozeß hergestellte, hochporöse Siliziumoxidkeramik zum Knochenersatz – In‐vivo Langzeitergebnisse
Authors: Bienengräber V. , Gerber Th. , Trykova T. , Kundt G. , Henkel K.‐O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEs wurden zwei innovativ im Sol‐Gel‐Verfahren bei 200 °Celsius hergestellte Biokeramikvarianten auf Kalziumphosphatbasis mit Siliziumoxid (SiO2) als Adjuvans im Langzeittierversuch getestet. Bei adulten Miniaturschweinen wurden Defekte kritischer Größe (>5cm3) im Bereich der Mandibula gesetzt. In der Versuchsgruppe I (n=6) wurden sie mit einer biphasischen (60 % Hydroxilapatit [HA] und 40 % ß‐Trikalziumphosphat) und in der Gruppe II (n=6) mit einer monophasischen Variante (100 % HA) der Testkeramik aufgefüllt. Die Gruppe III (n=6) bildete die Leerkontrolle. Nach acht Monaten wurden die Tiere getötet; es erfolgte eine klinische, histologische, morphometrische und REM‐Analyse des Knochens der Defektregion. In beiden Versuchsgruppen waren nach 8 Monaten die Defekte durchgehend ossifiziert sowie die Keramiken nahezu vollständig biodegradiert (Gruppe I: 96,5 % / Gruppe II: 99,2 %). Beide im Sol‐Gel‐Verfahren hergestellten SiO2‐Kalziumphosphatkeramiken wiesen im Tierexperiment neben einer sehr guten Osteokonduktivität ein im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Biokeramiken günstigeres Resorptionsverhalten auf. Sie erscheinen daher für die Therapie knöcherner Defekte beim Menschen sehr geeignet. Eine klinische Studie ist angelaufen.
Disabling repetitive behaviors in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kurlan Roger 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe report on 6 patients with Parkinson's disease who developed severe repetitive behavior, 2 with pathological gambling and 4 with cleaning, rearranging, and ordering rituals. The onset of repetitive behaviors was not associated with changes in antiparkinsonian medications, the behavior did not improve after reductions in dopaminergic therapy, and thus they seem to be part of the underlying illness. The disabling cleaning/rearranging/ordering behaviors had associated features of hypomania, occurred exclusively during motor on periods, and often occurred nocturnally. The repetitive behavior responded poorly to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Certain atypical antipsychotics may be of benefit. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Complex mechanisms of sensory tricks in cervical dystonia
Authors: Schramm Axel , Reiners Karlheinz , Naumann Markus 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMuscle activities in 26 patients with predominantly rotational torticollis were quantified using surface electromyography. In the subgroup of 19 patients with an effective sensory trick, different modes and bilateral locations of trick application led to significant (P < 0.002) reduction of electromyographic (EMG) activity. A strong correlation was found between the efficacy of trick manoeuvres and the starting head position. Trick application in a neutral or even contralateral position was most effective while no reduction of muscle activity during trick application at the maximum dystonic head position was found (P < 0.001). We propose a two‐phase model: First, normalisation of head posture is obtained by counterpressure or volitional antagonistic muscle activity. In a second step, this position can be stabilised using sensory tricks challenging central adaption of distorted sensorimotor integration. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Wireless real‐time electronic data capture for self‐assessment of motor function and quality of life in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nyholm Dag , Kowalski Jan , Aquilonius Sten‐Magnus 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFrequent assessment of the symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is important in both clinical and experimental settings, especially when motor fluctuations are present. Patient diaries are increasingly used in studies, allowing patients to stay in their home environments. However, traditional paper diaries may not reflect reality because of a lack in compliance or retrospective data entries. This study presents a comparison between paper diaries and a new method, real‐time data capture with a hand‐held computer (electronic diary). Twenty patients with PD diagnosed at least 5 years previously were randomly assigned to use either a paper diary or an electronic diary on 8 days during 1 month. Questions were answered every 2 hours over a 12‐hour period on each day. Median compliance was 88% with the electronic diary and 98% with the paper diary, although strict compliance to the scheduled times by patients using the paper diary was 78%. Neither age nor earlier experience with computers affected the patient's ability to use the electronic diary. Electronic diaries can be used for self‐assessment of PD symptoms. The real‐time feature provides fast access to clean data with knowledge of true compliance. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome induced by clebopride
Authors: Campdelacreu Jaume , Kumru Hatice , Tolosa Eduard , Valls‐Solé Josep , Benabarre Antoni 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe report on a patient who presented with a progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) syndrome while receiving clebopride (CLB), a prokinetic drug with central antidopaminergic properties. The clinical and neurophysiological signs progressively disappeared after CLB withdrawal. To our knowledge, this is the first published PSP‐like syndrome attributable to an antidopaminergic drug.© 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Solution structure of the palladium(II) complex of 1,4,7,10‐tetrathiacyclododec‐2‐ene‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile
Authors: Holzberger Anja , Kleinpeter Erich 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe solution structure of the Pd(II) complex of mn‐12‐S4 was studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the complex was determined by 1H NMR titration experiments. 3J(H,H) coupling constants were extracted from the 2D J‐resolved NMR spectrum of the complex providing information concerning the S—C—C—S torsional angles. Further conclusions about the conformation of [Pd(mn‐12‐S4)](BF4)2 were drawn from experimental NOEs. The results of the NMR study were corroborated by molecular modelling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of herbal drugs in pregnancy: a survey among 400 Norwegian women
Authors: Nordeng Hedvig , Havnen Gro C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the use of herbal drugs by pregnant women.MethodsWe interviewed 400 postpartum women at Ullevål University Hospital in Oslo, Norway about the use of herbal drugs, within 3 days after giving birth by using a structured questionnaire in the period from February to June 2001.ResultsWe found that 36% of the pregnant women had used herbal drugs during pregnancy with an average of 1.7 products per woman. The proportion of women using herbal drugs increased throughout the first, second and third pregnancy trimester. The most commonly used herbs were echinacea, iron‐rich herbs, ginger, chamomile and cranberry. Among the women having used herbal drugs in pregnancy, 39% had used herbal drugs that were considered possibly harmful or herbs where information about safety in pregnancy was missing. Herbal galactagogues had been used by 43% of the women who had breastfed a prior child during their breast‐feeding period. Use of herbal drugs in pregnancy had most commonly been recommended by family or friends.ConclusionThe widespread use of herbal drugs during pregnancy indicates an increased need for documentation about the safety of herbal drugs in pregnancy. To meet the needs of pregnant women, it is necessary for health care personnel to have knowledge about herbal drugs during pregnancy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A retrospective survey on the safety of Replenate®, a high‐purity factor VIII concentrate
Authors: Gascoigne E. W. , Dash C. H. , Harman C. , Wilmot D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo assess the safety of a highly purified, plasma‐derived factor VIII concentrate (Replenate®) in routine clinical use.MethodsFollowing guidelines entitled safety assessment of marketed medicines (SAMM), safety data were collected in the UK on 194 patients who received an estimated 47.6 million IU of Replenate®. This population included 47 patients undergoing 53 surgical operations or dental extractions.ResultsThe study detected four cases of new factor VIII inhibitor development and twelve other adverse events, five that were unrelated to the product, five whose causality was unknown, one that was possibly product‐related and one case due to possible lack of efficacy. Only one of these cases had been notified to the manufacturer through conventional spontaneous reporting procedures. Three patients were switched from Replenate® as a result of an adverse event (one case of infusion site irritation and two cases of a rise in titre of an existing inhibitor), but no unexpected adverse reactions were noted and there were no reports of virus transmission. The median factor VIII recovery value was 2.17 IU/dl per IU/kg, but recovery was shown to be dependent on several variables, namely inhibitor status, treatment centre and the patient's body weight. The median factor VIII recovery in inhibitor‐free patients was 2.28 IU/dl per IU/kg (range: 1.20–6.62).ConclusionsThe study confirms that Replenate® is well tolerated by the majority of patients in routine clinical practice. © Crown copyright 2004. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic and inhibitory effects of β‐cyclodextrin on the hydrolysis of benzoic anhydride
Authors: Brandão Tiago A. S. , Magro Jacir Dal , Chiaradia Louise D. , Nascimento Maria da Graça , Nome Faruk , Tato Jose V. , Yunes Rosendo A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe hydrolysis of benzoic anhydride (Bz2O) in the presence of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was studied in aqueous solution as a function of pH, temperature and ionic strength, at 25°C. The experimental rate constant versus pH profiles show that, in the region of spontaneous water reaction (pH 3.0–6.5), β‐CD inhibits the reaction and the isotope effect $(k_{{\rm H_2 O}} / k_{{\rm D_2 O}} = 4.7)$ indicates that the rate determining step of the reaction corresponds to the water‐catalyzed nucleophilic attack of water on the carbonyl group of Bz2O. Conversely, whereas inhibition is observed at pH 6.0, catalysis of the hydroxide ion reaction is observed at pH 8.0 and it is found that the activation entropy is responsible for the catalytic phenomena in the basic hydrolysis of benzoic anhydride. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A large gem‐dimethyl effect in the cyclization of ω‐phenylhydantoic acids: computational modeling of the gem‐dimethyl effect on the acid‐ or base‐catalyzed cyclization of hydantoic acids and esters
Authors: Ivanov P. M. , Pojarlieff I. G. , Blagoeva I. B. , Jaime C. , Angelova V. T. , Koedjikov A. H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe rates of the cyclization of methyl‐substituted 5‐phenylhydantoic acids were measured in acid solutions. A particularly strong gem‐dimethyl effect (GDME) was observed with the N‐methyl compounds amounting to an acceleration of six powers of ten for the 2,2,3‐trimethyl derivative. The variations in the free energies of activation for the cyclization of hydantoic acids and esters were modeled by the strain energies of the tetrahedral intermediates and of the reactants calculated by the MM3 force field. The neutral tetrahedral intermediate T0 was used for reaction series involving acid catalysis and the negatively charged intermediate T− for base catalysis. Very good agreement with the experimental GDME was obtained for the acid‐catalyzed cyclizations of the complete series of the N‐methyl‐substituted substrates, showing that the accelerations result from a greater strain increase in the reactants. The results with T− are closely parallel, indicating that the loss of GDME observed under base catalysis with 2,2,3‐trimethylhydantoate esters is not due to intramolecular strain in T−. A linear correlation (slope 1.22, r = 0.934) is obtained for a plot of the free energy variations against strain energies for the reaction series of 5‐phenylhydantoic acids when the data for the strongly deviating parent acid is excluded. Excellent LFERs are obtained between the reaction series of esters and acids. The observed large rate enhancements induced by N‐substituents explain the switches to cyclization routes in synthetic reactions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of the lignin content in a softwood and a hardwood decayed by a brown‐rot fungus with the acetyl bromide method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Pandey K. K. , Pitman A. J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to examine lignin modification in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Fagus sylvatica L. (beech) decayed to different weight losses by the brown‐rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Samples of different weight losses, ranging from 3 to 64% for beech and 15 to 62% for pine, were analyzed along with undecayed controls. The ratios of the heights of the lignin/carbohydrate FTIR peaks were determined, and the lignin contents of the blocks were measured with the acetyl bromide method. The ratios of the reference peaks for lignin against polysaccharide (i.e., cellulose and hemicellulose) peaks were compared with the lignin content of the wood determined by the acetyl bromide method. A good correlation was obtained for ratios of some of the lignin/carbohydrate reference peaks (lignin peaks at 1505 and 1330 cm−1 for beech and at 1511 and 1225 cm−1 for pine against polysaccharide peaks at 1734, 1375, and 1158 cm−1) against the lignin content for both wood species decayed to different levels. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2340–2346, 2004
Modeling structurally variable regions in homologous proteins with rosetta
Authors: Rohl Carol A. , Strauss Charlie E.M. , Chivian Dylan , Baker David 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA major limitation of current comparative modeling methods is the accuracy with which regions that are structurally divergent from homologues of known structure can be modeled. Because structural differences between homologous proteins are responsible for variations in protein function and specificity, the ability to model these differences has important functional consequences. Although existing methods can provide reasonably accurate models of short loop regions, modeling longer structurally divergent regions is an unsolved problem. Here we describe a method based on the de novo structure prediction algorithm, Rosetta, for predicting conformations of structurally divergent regions in comparative models. Initial conformations for short segments are selected from the protein structure database, whereas longer segments are built up by using three‐ and nine‐residue fragments drawn from the database and combined by using the Rosetta algorithm. A gap closure term in the potential in combination with modified Newton's method for gradient descent minimization is used to ensure continuity of the peptide backbone. Conformations of variable regions are refined in the context of a fixed template structure using Monte Carlo minimization together with rapid repacking of side‐chains to iteratively optimize backbone torsion angles and side‐chain rotamers. For short loops, mean accuracies of 0.69, 1.45, and 3.62 Å are obtained for 4, 8, and 12 residue loops, respectively. In addition, the method can provide reasonable models of conformations of longer protein segments: predicted conformations of 3Å root‐mean‐square deviation or better were obtained for 5 of 10 examples of segments ranging from 13 to 34 residues. In combination with a sequence alignment algorithm, this method generates complete, ungapped models of protein structures, including regions both similar to and divergent from a homologous structure. This combined method was used to make predictions for 28 protein domains in the Critical Assessment of Protein Structure 4 (CASP 4) and 59 domains in CASP 5, where the method ranked highly among comparative modeling and fold recognition methods. Model accuracy in these blind predictions is dominated by alignment quality, but in the context of accurate alignments, long protein segments can be accurately modeled. Notably, the method correctly predicted the local structure of a 39‐residue insertion into a TIM barrel in CASP 5 target T0186. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.