bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trompe L’oeil Ferromagnetism—magnetic point group analysis
Authors: Cheong Sang-Wook , Huang Fei-Ting 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFerromagnetism can be characterized by various distinct phenomena such as non-zero magnetization (inducing magnetic attraction/repulsion), diagonal piezomagnetism, nonreciprocal circular dichroism (such as Faraday effect), odd-order (including linear) anomalous Hall effect, and magneto-optical Kerr effect. We identify all broken symmetries requiring each of the above phenomena, and also the relevant magnetic point groups (MPGs) with those broken symmetries. All ferromagnetic point groups, relevant for ferromagnets, ferrimagnets, and weak ferromagnets, can certainly exhibit all these phenomena, including non-zero magnetization. Some of the true antiferromagnets, which are defined as magnets with MPGs that do not belong to ferromagnetic point groups, can display these phenomena through magnetization induced by external perturbations such as applied current, light illumination, and uniaxial stress, which preserve the combined symmetry of spatial inversion together with time reversal. Such MPGs are identified for each external perturbation. Since high-density and ultrafast spintronic technologies can be enabled by antiferromagnets, our findings will be essential guidance for future magnetism-related science as well as technology.
Revealing emergent magnetic charge in an antiferromagnet with diamond quantum magnetometry
Authors: Tan Anthony K. C. , Jani Hariom , Högen Michael , Stefan Lucio , Castelnovo Claudio , Braund Daniel , Geim Alexandra , Mechnich Annika , Feuer Matthew S. G. , Knowles Helena S. , Ariando Ariando , Radaelli Paolo G. , Atatüre Mete 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhirling topological textures play a key role in exotic phases of magnetic materials and are promising for logic and memory applications. In antiferromagnets, these textures exhibit enhanced stability and faster dynamics with respect to their ferromagnetic counterparts, but they are also difficult to study due to their vanishing net magnetic moment. One technique that meets the demand of highly sensitive vectorial magnetic field sensing with negligible backaction is diamond quantum magnetometry. Here we show that an archetypal antiferromagnet—haematite—hosts a rich tapestry of monopolar, dipolar and quadrupolar emergent magnetic charge distributions. The direct read-out of the previously inaccessible vorticity of an antiferromagnetic spin texture provides the crucial connection to its magnetic charge through a duality relation. Our work defines a paradigmatic class of magnetic systems to explore two-dimensional monopolar physics, and highlights the transformative role that diamond quantum magnetometry could play in exploring emergent phenomena in quantum materials.
Reverse metabolomics for the discovery of chemical structures from humans
Authors: Gentry Emily C. , Collins Stephanie L. , Panitchpakdi Morgan , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Stewart Allison K. , Carrillo Terrazas Marvic , Lu Hsueh-han , Zuffa Simone , Yan Tingting , Avila-Pacheco Julian , Plichta Damian R. , Aron Allegra T. , Wang Mingxun , Jarmusch Alan K. , Hao Fuhua , Syrkin-Nikolau Mashette , Vlamakis Hera , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. , Boland Brigid S. , Hemperly Amy , Vande Casteele Niels , Gonzalez Frank J. , Clish Clary B. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Chu Hiutung , Baker Erin S. , Patterson Andrew D. , Knight Rob , Siegel Dionicio , Dorrestein Pieter C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Determining the structure and phenotypic context of molecules detected in untargeted metabolomics experiments remains challenging. Here we present reverse metabolomics as a discovery strategy, whereby tandem mass spectrometry spectra acquired from newly synthesized compounds are searched for in public metabolomics datasets to uncover phenotypic associations. To demonstrate the concept, we broadly synthesized and explored multiple classes of metabolites in humans, including N-acyl amides, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, bile acid esters and conjugated bile acids. Using repository-scale analysis1,2, we discovered that some conjugated bile acids are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Validation using four distinct human IBD cohorts showed that cholic acids conjugated to Glu, Ile/Leu, Phe, Thr, Trp or Tyr are increased in Crohn’s disease. Several of these compounds and related structures affected pathways associated with IBD, such as interferon-γ production in CD4+ T cells3 and agonism of the pregnane X receptor4. Culture of bacteria belonging to the Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Enterococcus genera produced these bile amidates. Because searching repositories with tandem mass spectrometry spectra has only recently become possible, this reverse metabolomics approach can now be used as a general strategy to discover other molecules from human and animal ecosystems.
Balance between solitude and socializing: everyday solitude time both benefits and harms well-being
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Vuorre Matti , Adams Mark , Nguyen Thuy-vy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two literatures argue that time alone is harmful (i.e., isolation) and valuable (i.e., positive solitude). We explored whether people benefit from a balance between their daily solitude and social time, such that having ‘right’ quantities of both maximizes well-being. Participants (n = 178) completed a 21-day diary study, which quantified solitude time in hours through reconstructing daily events. This procedure minimized retrospective bias and tested natural variations across time. There was no evidence for a one-size-fits-all ‘optimal balance’ between solitude and social time. Linear effects suggested that people were lonelier and less satisfied on days in which they spent more hours in solitude. These detrimental relations were nullified or reduced when daily solitude was autonomous (choiceful) and did not accumulate across days; those who were generally alone more were not, on the whole, lonelier. On days in which people spent more time alone they felt less stress and greater autonomy satisfaction (volitional, authentic, and free from pressure). These benefits were cumulative; those who spent more time alone across the span of the study were less stressed and more autonomy satisfied overall. Solitude time risks lowering well-being on some metrics but may hold key advantages to other aspects of well-being.

Protocol registration
The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on June 1, 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5KXQ3.
Maternal suboptimal selenium intake and low-level lead exposure affect offspring’s microglial immune profile and its reactivity to a subsequent inflammatory hit
Authors: De Simone R. , Ajmone-Cat M. A. , Tartaglione A. M. , Calamandrei G. , Minghetti L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicronutrients such as selenium (Se) are essentials since prenatal life to support brain and cognitive development. Se deficiency, which affects up to 1 billion people worldwide, can interact with common adverse environmental challenges including (Pb), exacerbating their toxic effects. Exploiting our recently validated rat model of maternal Se restriction and developmental low Pb exposure, our aims were to investigate: (i) the early consequences of suboptimal Se intake and low-Pb exposure on neuroinflammation in neonates’ whole brains; (ii) the potential priming effect of suboptimal Se and low-Pb exposure on offspring’s glial reactivity to a further inflammatory hit. To these aims female rats were fed with suboptimal (0.04 mg/kg; Subopt) and optimal (0.15 mg/kg; Opt) Se dietary levels throughout pregnancy and lactation and exposed or not to environmentally relevant Pb dose in drinking water (12.5 µg/mL) since 4 weeks pre-mating. We found an overall higher basal expression of inflammatory markers in neonatal brains, as well as in purified microglia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, from the Subopt Se offspring. Subopt/Pb cultures were highly activated than Subopt cultures and showed a higher susceptibility to the inflammatory challenge lipopolysaccharide than cultures from the Opt groups. We demonstrate that even a mild Se deficiency and low-Pb exposure during brain development can influence the neuroinflammatory tone of microglia, exacerbate the toxic effects of Pb and prime microglial reactivity to subsequent inflammatory stimuli. These neuroinflammatory changes may be responsible, at least in part, for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Differential roles of eNOS in late effects of VEGF-A on hyperpermeability in different types of endothelial cells
Authors: Bosma Esmeralda K. , Darwesh Shahan , Habani Yasmin I. , Cammeraat Maxime , Serrano Martinez Paola , van Breest Smallenburg Mathilda E. , Zheng Jia Y. , Vogels Ilse M. C. , van Noorden Cornelis J. F. , Schlingemann Reinier O. , Klaassen Ingeborg 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A induces endothelial hyperpermeability, but the molecular pathways remain incompletely understood. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) regulates acute effects of VEGF-A on permeability of endothelial cells (ECs), but it remains unknown whether and how eNOS regulates late effects of VEGF-A-induced hyperpermeability. Here we show that VEGF-A induces hyperpermeability via eNOS-dependent and eNOS-independent mechanisms at 2 days after VEGF-A stimulation. Silencing of expression of the eNOS gene (NOS3) reduced VEGF-A-induced permeability for dextran (70 kDa) and 766 Da-tracer in human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMVECs), but not in human retinal microvascular ECs (HRECs) and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). However, silencing of NOS3 expression in HRECs increased permeability to dextran, BSA and 766 Da-tracer in the absence of VEGF-A stimulation, suggesting a barrier-protective function of eNOS. We also investigated how silencing of NOS3 expression regulates the expression of permeability-related transcripts, and found that NOS3 silencing downregulates the expression of PLVAP, a molecule associated with trans-endothelial transport via caveolae, in HDMVECs and HUVECs, but not in HRECs. Our findings underscore the complexity of VEGF-A-induced permeability pathways in ECs and the role of eNOS therein, and demonstrate that different pathways are activated depending on the EC phenotype.
Metformin ameliorates valve interstitial cell calcification by promoting autophagic flux
Authors: Phadwal K. , Tan X. , Koo E. , Zhu D. , MacRae V. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart disease of the developed world. It has previously been established that metformin administration reduces arterial calcification via autophagy; however, whether metformin directly regulates CAVD has yet to be elucidated. In the present study we investigated whether metformin alleviates valvular calcification through the autophagy-mediated recycling of Runx2. Calcification was reduced in rat valve interstitial cells (RVICs) by metformin treatment (0.5–1.5 mM) (P < 0.01), with a marked decrease in Runx2 protein expression compared to control cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, upregulated expression of Atg3 and Atg7 (key proteins required for autophagosome formation), was observed following metformin treatment (1 mM). Blocking autophagic flux using Bafilomycin-A1 revealed colocalisation of Runx2 with LC3 puncta in metformin treated RVICs (P < 0.001). Comparable Runx2 accumulation was seen in LC3 positive autolysosomes present within cells that had been treated with both metformin and hydroxychloroquine in combination (P < 0.001). Mechanistic studies employing three-way co-immunoprecipitation with Runx2, p62 and LC3 suggested that Runx2 binds to LC3-II upon metformin treatment in VICs. Together these studies suggest that the utilisation of metformin may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of CAVD.
Dynamical analysis for the motion of a 2DOF spring pendulum on a Lissajous curve
Authors: Amer Asmaa , Amer T. S. , El-Kafly H. F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines the motion of a spring pendulum with two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) in a plane as a vibrating system, in which its pivot point is constrained to move along a Lissajous curve. In light of the system’s coordinates, the governing equations of motion (EOM) are obtained utilizing the equations of Lagrange’s. The novelty of this work is to use the approach of multiple scales (AMS), as a traditional method, to obtain novel approximate solutions (AS) of the EOM with a higher degree of approximation. These solutions have been compared with the numerical ones that have been obtained using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm (4RKA) to reveal the accuracy of the analytic solutions. According to the requirements of solvability, the emergent resonance cases are grouped and the modulation equations (ME) are established. Therefore, the solutions at the steady-state case are confirmed. The stability/instability regions are inspected using Routh–Hurwitz criteria (RHC), and examined in accordance with the steady-state solutions. The achieved outcomes, resonance responses, and stability areas are demonstrated and graphically displayed, to evaluate the positive effects of different values of the physical parameters on the behavior of the examined system. Investigating zones of stability/instability reveals that the system’s behavior is stable for a significant portion of its parameters. A better knowledge of the vibrational movements that are closely related to resonance is crucial in many engineering applications because it enables the avoidance of on-going exposure to potentially harmful occurrences.
α-1,3-Glucanase from the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium sp. EK-14 hydrolyzes fungal cell wall α-1,3-glucan
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Yano Shigekazu , Horaguchi Yui , Otsuka Yuitsu , Suyotha Wasana , Makabe Koki , Konno Hiroyuki , Kokeguchi Susumu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe glycoside hydrolase (GH) 87 α-1,3-glucanase (Agl-EK14) gene was cloned from the genomic DNA of the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium sp. EK14. The gene consisted of 2940 nucleotides and encoded 980 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of Agl-EK14 included a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a first immunoglobulin-like domain, a second immunoglobulin-like domain, a ricin B-like lectin domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) involved in extracellular secretion. Phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic domain of GH87 enzymes suggested that Agl-EK14 is distinct from known clusters, such as clusters composed of α-1,3-glucanases from bacilli and mycodextranases from actinomycetes. Agl-EK14 without the signal peptide and CTD hydrolyzed α-1,3-glucan, and the reaction residues from 1 and 2% substrates were almost negligible after 1440 min reaction. Agl-EK14 hydrolyzed the cell wall preparation of Aspergillus oryzae and released glucose, nigerose, and nigero-triose from the cell wall preparation. After treatment of A. oryzae live mycelia with Agl-EK14 (at least 0.5 nmol/ml), mycelia were no longer stained by red fluorescent protein-fused α-1,3-glucan binding domains of α-1,3-glucanase Agl-KA from Bacillus circulans KA-304. Results suggested that Agl-EK14 can be applied to a fungal cell wall lytic enzyme.
RNA binding protein IGF2BP2 expression is induced by stress in the heart and mediates dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Krumbein Miriam , Oberman Froma , Cinnamon Yuval , Golomb Mordechai , May Dalit , Vainer Gilad , Belzer Vitali , Meir Karen , Fridman Irina , Haybaeck Johannes , Poelzl Gerhard , Kehat Izhak , Beeri Ronen , Kessler Sonja M. , Yisraeli Joel K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe IGF2BP family of RNA binding proteins consists of three paralogs that regulate intracellular RNA localization, RNA stability, and translational control. Although IGF2BP1 and 3 are oncofetal proteins, IGF2BP2 expression is maintained in many tissues, including the heart, into adulthood. IGF2BP2 is upregulated in cardiomyocytes during cardiac stress and remodeling and returns to normal levels in recovering hearts. We wondered whether IGF2BP2 might play an adaptive role during cardiac stress and recovery. Enhanced expression of an IGF2BP2 transgene in a conditional, inducible mouse line leads to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and death within 3-4 weeks in newborn or adult hearts. Downregulation of the transgene after 2 weeks, however, rescues these mice, with complete recovery by 12 weeks. Hearts overexpressing IGF2BP2 downregulate sarcomeric and mitochondrial proteins and have fragmented mitochondria and elongated, thinner sarcomeres. IGF2BP2 is also upregulated in DCM or myocardial infarction patients. These results suggest that IGF2BP2 may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiomyopathies.
Electric field-tuneable crossing of hole Zeeman splitting and orbital gaps in compressively strained germanium semiconductor on silicon
Authors: Myronov Maksym , Waldron Philip , Barrios Pedro , Bogan Alex , Studenikin Sergei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the emergence of the quantum computing era, the spin physics of engineered semiconductor materials with large and tuneable effective g*-factor, which is a measure of the interaction between the magnetic field and the spin of the particle, has become of great interest because it offers new physics and engineering tools for spin’s manipulation and its addressable control. Here we suggest a semi-empirical method to determine out of plane effective g*-factor in high mobility 2D hole heterostructures. We experimentally study the electric-field tuneablity of effective g*-factor of holes in a strained germanium quantum well heterostructure. As a result of the material’s engineering, the g*-factor can be tuned in a large range from 13 to 24 that corresponds to the tuneable Zeeman spin splitting of heavy holes in the range from smaller, to equal, and to larger than the orbital Landau level quantization gap.
Dynamics of episodic supershear in the 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmaraş/Pazarcik earthquake, revealed by near-field records and computational modeling
Authors: Abdelmeguid Mohamed , Zhao Chunhui , Yalcinkaya Esref , Gazetas George , Elbanna Ahmed , Rosakis Ares 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmaraş/Pazarcik earthquake was larger and more destructive than what had been expected. Here we analyzed nearfield seismic records and developed a dynamic rupture model that reconciles different currently conflicting inversion results and reveals spatially non-uniform propagation speeds in this earthquake, with predominantly supershear speeds observed along the Narli fault and at the southwest (SW) end of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF). The model highlights the critical role of geometric complexity and heterogeneous frictional conditions in facilitating continued propagation and influencing rupture speed. We also constrained the conditions that allowed for the rupture to jump from the Narli fault to EAF and to generate the delayed backpropagating rupture towards the SW. Our findings have important implications for understanding earthquake hazards and guiding future response efforts and demonstrate the value of physics based dynamic modeling fused with near-field data in enhancing our understanding of earthquake mechanisms and improving risk assessment.
Rural populations facilitated early SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission in Missouri, USA
Authors: Tang Cynthia Y. , Li Tao , Haynes Tricia A. , McElroy Jane A. , Ritter Detlef , Hammer Richard D. , Sampson Christopher , Webby Richard , Hang Jun , Wan Xiu-Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the United States, rural populations comprise 60 million individuals and suffered from high COVID-19 disease burdens. Despite this, surveillance efforts are biased toward urban centers. Consequently, how rurally circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses contribute toward emerging variants remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of rural communities in the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the early pandemic. We collected 544 urban and 435 rural COVID-19-positive respiratory specimens from an overall vaccine-naïve population in Southwest Missouri between July and December 2020. Genomic analyses revealed 53 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages in our study samples, with 14 of these lineages identified only in rural samples. Phylodynamic analyses showed that frequent bi-directional diffusions occurred between rural and urban communities in Southwest Missouri, and that four out of seven Missouri rural-origin lineages spread globally. Further analyses revealed that the nucleocapsid protein (N):R203K/G204R paired substitutions, which were detected disproportionately across multiple Pango lineages, were more associated with urban than rural sequences. Positive selection was detected at N:204 among rural samples but was not evident in urban samples, suggesting that viruses may encounter distinct selection pressures in rural versus urban communities. This study demonstrates that rural communities may be a crucial source of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission, highlighting the need to expand surveillance and resources to rural populations for COVID-19 mitigation.
Aberrant photoelectric effect in the topological insulator/n-GaN heterojunction (Bi2Te3/n-GaN) under unpolarized illumination
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Kandpal Kavindra , Singh Roshani , Kumar Rachana , Kumar Pramod 
Published: December 2023

Hint of the band gap modulation in the polycrystalline topological insulator Bi2Te3 film under unpolarized light and realization of photodetector with a typical range.
Exploring the spatiotemporal relationship between green infrastructure and urban heat island under multi‐source remote sensing imagery: A case study of Fuzhou City
Authors: Hong Tingting , Huang Xiaohui , Chen Guangjian , Yang Yiwei , Chen Lijia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGreen Infrastructure (GI) has garnered increasing attention from various regions due to its potential to mitigate urban heat island (UHI), which has been exacerbated by global climate change. This study focuses on the central area of Fuzhou city, one of the “furnace” cities, and aims to explore the correlation between the GI pattern and land surface temperature (LST) in the spring and autumn seasons. The research adopts a multiscale approach, starting from the urban scale and using urban geographic spatial characteristics, multispectral remote sensing data, and morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA). Significant MSPA elements were tested and combined with LST to conduct a geographic weighted regression (GWR) experiment. The findings reveal that the UHI in the central area of Fuzhou city has a spatial characteristic of “high temperature in the middle and low temperature around,” which is coupled with a “central scattered and peripheral concentrated” distribution of GI. This suggests that remote sensing data can effectively be utilised for UHI inversion. Additionally, the study finds that the complexity of GI, whether from the perspective of the overall GI pattern or the classification study based on the proportion of the core area, has an impact on the alleviation of UHI in both seasons. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of a reasonable layout of urban green infrastructure for mitigating UHI.