bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an English language phoneme-based imagined speech brain computer interface with low-cost electroencephalography
Authors: LaRocco John , Tahmina Qudsia , Lecian Sam , Moore Jason , Helbig Cole , Gupta Surya 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionParalyzed and physically impaired patients face communication difficulties, even when they are mentally coherent and aware. Electroencephalographic (EEG) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a potential communication method for these people without invasive surgery or physical device controls.MethodsAlthough virtual keyboard protocols are well documented in EEG BCI paradigms, these implementations are visually taxing and fatiguing. All English words combine 44 unique phonemes, each corresponding to a unique EEG pattern. In this study, a complete phoneme-based imagined speech EEG BCI was developed and tested on 16 subjects.ResultsUsing open-source hardware and software, machine learning models, such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN), reliably achieved a mean accuracy of 97 ± 0.001%, a mean F1 of 0.55 ± 0.01, and a mean AUC-ROC of 0.68 ± 0.002 in a modified one-versus-rest configuration, resulting in an information transfer rate of 304.15 bits per minute. In line with prior literature, the distinguishing feature between phonemes was the gamma power on channels F3 and F7.DiscussionHowever, adjustments to feature selection, trial window length, and classifier algorithms may improve performance. In summary, these are iterative changes to a viable method directly deployable in current, commercially available systems and software. The development of an intuitive phoneme-based EEG BCI with open-source hardware and software demonstrates the potential ease with which the technology could be deployed in real-world applications.
Contractility of isolated colonic smooth muscle strips from rats treated with cancer chemotherapy: differential effects of cisplatin and vincristine
Authors: López-Tofiño Yolanda , Barragán del Caz Luis Felipe , Benítez-Álvarez David , Molero-Mateo Paula , Nurgali Kulmira , Vera Gema , Bagües Ana , Abalo Raquel 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundCertain antineoplastic drugs cause gastrointestinal disorders even after the end of treatment. Enteric neuropathy has been associated with some of these alterations. Our goal was to assess the impact of repeated treatment with cisplatin and vincristine on the contractility of circular and longitudinal muscle strips isolated from the rat colon.MethodsTwo cohorts of male rats were used: in cohort 1, rats received one intraperitoneal (ip) injection of saline or cisplatin (2 mg kg–1 week–1) on the first day of weeks 1–5; in cohort 2, rats received two cycles of five daily ip injections (Monday to Friday, weeks 1–2) of saline or vincristine (0.1 mg kg–1 day–1). Body weight and food and water intake were monitored throughout the study. One week after treatment, responses of colonic smooth muscle strips to acetylcholine (10–9–10–5 M) and electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.1–20 Hz), before and after atropine (10–6 M), were evaluated in an organ bath.ResultsBoth drugs decreased body weight gain. Compared to saline, cisplatin significantly decreased responses of both longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips to EFS, whereas vincristine tended to increase them, although in a non-significant manner. No differences were observed in the muscle response to acetylcholine. Atropine abolished the contractile responses induced by acetylcholine, although those induced by EFS were only partially reduced in the presence of atropine.ConclusionThe findings suggest that although both drugs cause the development of enteric neuropathy, this seems to have a functional impact only in cisplatin-treated animals. Understanding the effects of chemotherapy on gastrointestinal motor function is vital for enhancing the quality of life of cancer patients.
Influence of dietary pattern on anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes in persons with dysglycemia: a Peruvian prospective cohort study
Authors: Arriaga María B. , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Andrade Vanessa M. B. , Queiroz Artur T. L. , Fernandes Catarina D. , Sales Caio , Aliaga Juan Gonzalo , Shivakoti Rupak , Lecca Leonid , Calderon Roger I. , Andrade Bruno B. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionDietary patterns (DPs) are associated with overall nutritional status and may alter the clinical prognosis of tuberculosis. This interaction can be further intricated by dysglycemia (i.e., diabetes or prediabetes). Here, we identified DPs that are more common with tuberculosis–dysglycemia and depicted their association with tuberculosis treatment outcomes.MethodsA prospective cohort study of persons with tuberculosis and their contacts was conducted in Peru. A food frequency questionnaire and a multidimensional systems biology-based analytical approach were employed to identify DPs associated with these clinical groups. Potential independent associations between clinical features and DPs were analyzed.ResultsThree major DPs were identified. TB–dysglycemia cases more often had a high intake of carbohydrates (DP1). Furthermore, DP1 was found to be associated with an increased risk of unfavorable TB outcomes independent of other factors, including dysglycemia.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the evaluation of nutritional status through DPs in comorbidities such as dysglycemia is a fundamental action to predict TB treatment outcomes. The mechanisms underlying the association between high intake of carbohydrates, dysglycemia, and unfavorable tuberculosis treatment outcomes warrant further investigation.
Adding the latency period to a muscle contraction model coupled to a membrane action potential model
Authors: Kappaun Nadia Roberta Chaves , Graça Ana Beatriz Nogueira Rubião , Lavinas Gonçalves Gabriel Benazzi , Weber dos Santos Rodrigo , Vecchio Sara Del , Bastos Flávia Souza 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Skeletal muscle is responsible for multiple functions for maintaining energy homeostasis and daily activities. Muscle contraction is activated by nerve signals, causing calcium release and interaction with myofibrils. It is important to understand muscle behavior and its impact on medical conditions, like in the presence of some diseases and their treatment, such as cancer, which can affect muscle architecture, leading to deficits in its function. For instance, it is known that radiotherapy and chemotherapy also have effects on healthy tissues, leading to a reduction in the rate of force development and the atrophy of muscle fibers. The main aim is to reproduce the behavior of muscle contraction using a coupled model of force generation and the action potential of the cell membrane, inserting the latency period observed between action potential and force generation in the motor unit.Methods: Mathematical models for calcium dynamics and muscle contraction are described, incorporating the role of calcium ions and rates of reaction. An action potential initiates muscle contraction, as described by the Hodgkin–Huxley model. The numerical method used to solve the equations is the forward Euler method.Results and Discussion: The results show dynamic calcium release and force generation, aligning with previous research results, and the time interval between membrane excitation and force generation was accomplished. Future work should suggest simulating more motor units at the actual scale for the possibility of a comparison with real data collected from both healthy individuals and those who have undergone cancer treatment.
Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on older adults with sleep disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: González-Martín Ana María , Aibar-Almazán Agustín , Rivas-Campo Yulieth , Marín-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Castellote-Caballero Yolanda 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based program on sleep quality in healthy non-institutionalized older people.MethodsThis study was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search was conducted during May and June 2023 using four databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Different keywords combined with Boolean operators were used. Only 10 articles of the initial 177 were included. In the study, the standardized mean difference (SMD) was used along with a 95% confidence interval to measure the effect. Heterogeneity among the studies, assessed using Cochran's Q-test and the I2 statistic was found to be low, leading to the use of a fixed-effects model in the analysis. The effect size was expressed as Hedge'g. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was conducted, taking into account the various tools used to assess sleep conditions.ResultsMindfulness was found to reduce poor sleep quality in people with both long-term and short-term sleep disorders. Weighting effect model Hedge'g = −0.344 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from −0.425 to −0.263. In all cases, statistically significant results were observed, as well as moderate and negative effect sizes according to the Hedge's g index: −0.326 for Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), −0.343 for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and −0.28 for Sleep Onset Latency (SOL).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis found that mindfulness can be used to remedy poor sleep quality in older people, so it could be a viable treatment option for insomnia or other problems related to poor sleep quality in this population.
Trends in outpatient and inpatient visits for separate ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a province-based study
Authors: Kendzerska Tetyana , Zhu David T. , Pugliese Michael , Manuel Douglas , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Povitz Marcus , Stukel Therese A. , To Teresa , Aaron Shawn D. , Mulpuru Sunita , Chin Melanie , Kendall Claire E. , Thavorn Kednapa , Robillard Rebecca , Gershon Andrea S. 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic led to global disruptions in non-urgent health services, affecting health outcomes of individuals with ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs).MethodsWe conducted a province-based study using Ontario health administrative data (Canada) to determine trends in outpatient visits and hospitalization rates (per 100,000 people) in the general adult population for seven ACSCs during the first pandemic year (March 2020–March 2021) compared to previous years (2016–2019), and how disruption in outpatient visits related to acute care use. ACSCs considered were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, angina, congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension, diabetes, and epilepsy. We used time series auto-regressive integrated moving-average models to compare observed versus projected rates.ResultsFollowing an initial reduction (March–May 2020) in all types of visits, primary care outpatient visits (combined in-person and virtual) returned to pre-pandemic levels for asthma, angina, hypertension, and diabetes, remained below pre-pandemic levels for COPD, and rose above pre-pandemic levels for CHF (104.8 vs. 96.4, 95% CI: 89.4–104.0) and epilepsy (29.6 vs. 24.7, 95% CI: 22.1–27.5) by the end of the first pandemic year. Specialty visits returned to pre-pandemic levels for COPD, angina, CHF, hypertension, and diabetes, but remained above pre-pandemic levels for asthma (95.4 vs. 79.5, 95% CI: 70.7–89.5) and epilepsy (53.3 vs. 45.6, 95% CI: 41.2–50.5), by the end of the year. Virtual visit rates increased for all ACSCs. Among ACSCs, reductions in hospitalizations were most pronounced for COPD and asthma. CHF-related hospitalizations also decreased, albeit to a lesser extent. For angina, hypertension, diabetes, and epilepsy, hospitalization rates reduced initially, but returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of the year.ConclusionThis study demonstrated variation in outpatient visit trends for different ACSCs in the first pandemic year. No outpatient visit trends resulted in increased hospitalizations for any ACSC; however, reductions in rates of asthma, COPD, and CHF hospitalizations persisted.
BPSDiary study protocol: a multi-center randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of a BPSD diary vs. standard care in reducing caregiver's burden
Authors: Pozzi Federico Emanuele , Calì Luisa , D'Antonio Fabrizia , Altomare Arianna Ida , Sepe Monti Micaela , Panigutti Massimiliano , Di Crosta Adolfo , Palumbo Rocco , Bonanni Laura , Carlucci Valentina , Bussè Cinzia , Cagning Annachiara , Urso Daniele , Vilella Davide , Logroscino Giancarlo , Alberoni Margherita , Bellinvia Angelo , Farina Elisabetta , de Rino Francesca , Gavazzi Armando , Zuffi Marta , Bruno Giuseppe , Bessi Valentina , Cotta Ramusino Matteo , Perini Giulia , Costa Alfredo , Ferrarese Carlo , Appollonio Ildebrando , Tremolizzo Lucio 
Published: December 2023

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are a heterogeneous set of psychological and behavioral abnormalities seen in persons with dementia (PwD), significantly impacting their quality of life and that of their caregivers. Current assessment tools, such as the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), are limited by recall bias and lack of direct observation. This study aims to overcome this limitation by making caregiver reports more objective through the use of a novel instrument, referred to as the BPSDiary. This randomized controlled trial will involve 300 caregiver-PwD dyads. The objective is to evaluate whether the use of the BPSDiary could significantly reduce caregiver burden, assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), compared to usual care. The study will include adult PwD, caregivers living with or close to the patient, and BPSD related to the HIDA (hyperactivity, impulsivity, irritability, disinhibition, aggression, agitation) domain. Caregivers randomized to the intervention arm will use the BPSDiary to record specific BPSD, including insomnia, agitation/anxiety, aggression, purposeless motor behavior, and delusions/hallucinations, registering time of onset, severity, and potential triggers. The primary outcome will be the change in ZBI scores at 3 months, with secondary outcomes including changes in NPI scores, olanzapine equivalents, NPI-distress scores related to specific BPSD domains, and caregiver and physician satisfaction. The study will be conducted in 9 Italian centers, representing diverse geographic and sociocultural contexts. While potential limitations include the relatively short observation period and the focus on specific BPSD disturbances, the BPSDiary could provide physicians with objective data to tailor appropriate non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Additionally, it may empower caregivers by encouraging reflection on BPSD triggers, with the potential to improve the quality of life for both PwD and their caregivers.Trial registryNCT05977855.
Attitudes to acute pain and the use of pain assessment scales among Spanish small animal veterinarians
Authors: Menéndez Sandra , Cabezas Miguel Angel , Gomez de Segura Ignacio A. 
Published: December 2023

Evaluation of acute pain in dogs and cats is the basis for an appropriate treatment and improved well-being. The difficulties involved in pain assessment pose a challenge for veterinarians, and recent findings indicate that the most effective tools available—validated pain assessment scales—may not be widely utilized.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize the level of concern among Spanish veterinarians regarding acute pain in companion animals. Additionally, it sought to determine whether this concern correlates with the utilization of optimal assessment tools.MethodsA survey was conducted to explore Spanish veterinarians’ attitudes toward pain and its assessment. The survey was distributed through two most prominent small animal veterinary associations, the Spanish association for veterinary anesthesia and analgesia, as well as key industry players committed to proactive pain management. Descriptive analysis of the collected data was performed using Excel and SPSS.ResultsA total of 292 veterinarians participated in the study. A high level of concern regarding pain in dogs and cats was determined where 44% of surveyed veterinarians assessed pain in all patients. Despite an awareness of validated pain scales, only 28% used them. The preferred scales were the Glasgow CMPS for dogs (94%) and the Feline Grimace Scale for cats (93%). Among respondents who do not use these validated tools, there was a considerable interest in incorporating these scales into practice (85%) and considered lack of training was the most relevant issue (32%). Other challenges to scale utilization were identified, including constraints related to time, staffing, and the need to establish a habit.Conclusions and relevanceSpanish small animal veterinarians demonstrated a strong awareness to pain in their patients and employed various methods for pain assessment. However, a limited use of validated tools was identified and likely attributed to challenges such as a lack of established routine, time constraints, insufficient personnel, and, notably, a knowledge gap among veterinarians who do not employ pain assessment scales. The most commonly used scales were the Glasgow CMPS for dogs and the FGS for cats. Overall, these results suggest a window of opportunity for the implementation of training programs in small animal pain assessment at a national level.
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Using Photovoice Methodology to Explore Perceptions of Servant-Leadership During International Service-Learning
Authors: Walsh Wendy E. , Recigno Tracey E. 
Published: December 2023

Healthcare education programs are tasked to develop the leadership capacity of students in the preparation for them to become future healthcare providers who can holistically address the needs of complex communities and our society at large. Educational institutions often look to experiential learning opportunities where students can be active participants in the exploration of new leadership behaviors. In particular, service-learning experiences may help support the development of servant leadership qualities. These experiences and qualities both aid in the development of empathetic, inclusive practitioners and professions. A gap in literature exists on health profession students’ perceptions of these experiences and if they are influential to the development of servant leadership behaviors, thus warranting further examination.
This paper is a qualitative investigation of servant-leadership using Photovoice methodology. Graduate healthcare students studied the concepts of servant-leadership then engaged in an international service-learning opportunity. Broad and deep contextualization of photographs taken during the time abroad explored the five themes of servant leadership: stewardship, partnership, obligation, emotional healing, and elevated purpose. A novel finding was the emergence of intentionally actioned cultural awareness within healthcare service delivery with the authors newly defining the term, cultural humilitence. Conclusions were drawn that support strong researcher and student-generated contextualization alignment with literature-based constructs of leadership and service, and the need for investment by institutions to cultivate experiences (domestic and international) which build interprofessional, transprofessional, and culturally aware teams.
CASE STUDY IN HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Munawaroh Siti , Widayani Wiwin 
Published: December 2023

Background : The period of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborn is a physiological condition. However, normal conditions can become pathological so that every pregnant woman has a risk of experiencing complications. One condition that can cause complications is a high-risk pregnancy. Some categories of high-risk pregnancies are too young, too old, too close, and too many. With comprehensive midwifery care, midwives can perform early detection of complications that occur both during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborns.
Methods : The aim of this case report is to provide comprehensive midwifery care for high risk pregnancies. The process of childbirth and the puerperium went normally without complications.
Results :The client uses a depo progestin injection contraception device and the baby has received Hb0, BCG and Polio I immunizations and has gained 800 grams of weight. Conclussion : Optimal comprehensive midwifery care can prevent complications.
Arap Dilinde Levlâ Edatı ve Kur'an'daki Kulanımları
Authors: HIZIROĞLU İsa 
Published: December 2023

ARAP DİLİNDE LEVLÂ EDATI VE KUR’AN’DAKİ KULLANIMLARI
The Preposition Levla In The Arabıc Language And Its Uses In The Qur'an
İsa HIZIROĞLU
Öğr. Gör. Dr., Batman Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi, Kur’an-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat Anabilim Dalı
Lecturer, Dr., Batman University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Department of Reading and Recitation of the Holy Qur'an
Bingol, Turkey
isahiziroglu@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0002-2426-1999
Öz
Arap dilinde birçok işleve sahip olan edatlardan biri de levlâdır. Hem isim cümlesine hem de fiil cümlesine dâhil olabilmesiyle geniş bir alanda kullanımı mümkün olan levlâ, Kur’an’da yaklaşık yetmiş yerde geçmektedir. Arap dilinde şart edatı gibi de kullanılabilen levlânın delalet ettiği anlamlar genel olarak imtinâiyye, tahdîd, tevbîh şeklindedir. Bunların dışında çoğu dilcinin kabul etmediği nefy ve istifham gibi manalarda da levlâ edatının taşıdığı anlamlar arasında zikredilmektedir. Levlânın Kur’an’daki kullanımlarına bakıldığında genellikle dilcilerin görüşleri doğrultusunda levlâya bir anlam yüklendiği söylenebilir. Ancak bazı müfessirler, levlâ için belirtilen manaların ayetin doğru anlaşılmasında yetersiz kaldığına, anlatılmak istenen durumu tam olarak karşılamadığına işaret etmiş, buna bağlı olarak dilciler tarafından hiç gündeme getirilmeyen anlamları da ayetlerin tefsirinde kullanmışlardır. Bunun yanı sıra söz konusu edatın gramer yönünü ele alan müfessirler, şart edatına benzeyen levlânın cevabının takdim ya da tehir edilmesiyle ilgili farklı görüşler beyan etmişlerdir. Böylelikle cezmeden ya da cezmetmeyen şart edatların cevabının takdim edilme meselesine de açıklık getirerek bu konuda kilit rol oynamışlardır. Müfessirlerin yapmış oldukları yorumlar ile zaman zaman levlâ için vazedilmiş anlamların ve kullanımların dışına çıktıklarını söylemek mümkündür. Onların bu tarz yaklaşımlarından Arap dilinde kullanılan ve Kur’an ayetlerinde geçen levlâ edatının manaları ve kullanımları arasında çelişki olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada levlâ edatının delalet ettiği manalar incelenmekte ve çelişki gibi görünen noktalara çözüm aranmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Arap Dili, Harf, Edat, Levlâ Edatı
Performance Improvement of K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm in KIP Scholarship Recipient Selection
Authors: Romadhon Manzilur Rahman , M. Faisal  , M. Imamudin  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Law 12 of 2012 mandates that the government increase access to higher education for high achievers and underprivileged people. One of the efforts to realize this is by providing KIP Lectures. To ensure that beneficiaries are indeed eligible for KIP scholarships, it is necessary to classify scholarship recipients with data mining classification techniques correctly. The classification technique chosen is k-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). K-NN is a classification method that relies heavily on the k parameter in carrying out classification. K-NN was applied to the KIP Scholarship applicant dataset at UIN Malang in 2022. The test scenario in this research is to compare the k-odd and k-even parameters to find the most optimal k value in K-NN. The highest accuracy value obtained by k-odd is 0.71 or 71% when k=9, and the highest for k-even is 0.67 or 67% when k=10. Using optimal k parameters is proven to improve k-NN performance. The K-NN algorithm with k-odd parameters, namely k=9, is the best method for classifying KIP scholarship recipients in this research. The results of this research can be considered in determining KIP scholarship recipients worthy of using K-NN.