bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double Lens: Contrasting Views and Uses of Medical Knowledge
Authors: Klitzman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“I’m not a ‘pill wimp’ like some of my patients,” one physician said. “I’m more rational, because I know more.” Illness affected how these doctors not only acted, but also perceived the profession, patients, and risks and benefits of treatments. After acknowledging their initial diagnosis to the degree that they did, these physician had to weigh and assess different kinds of medical knowledge, approaching it in varying ways. In general, they assessed risks and benefits differently than did other patients, drawing on professional experiences and abilities in evaluating research findings. Overall, they found that medical knowledge helped immensely in many ways, but posed potential problems, proving to be a double-edged sword. Their views and communication of such risks and benefits are important since medicine increasingly involves complex sets of often conflicting data. Doctors regularly present this information to patients who grapple to understand, but may not interpret it correctly. These physicians revealed how medical knowledge can take on magical properties, but be limited, too.
Improving Education: Can Empathy Be Taught?
Authors: Klitzman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Does a doctor have to get sick in order to become more sensitive? The physicians here posed critical questions of how to improve sensitivity in the profession: whether trainees and other providers can be taught to be more empathetic, and if so, how. Clearly, formidable internal and external obstacles exist to improve patient care, including implicit stigma: the fact that physicians often see patients as somehow “less than.” To bolster themselves and conquer disease, many doctors distanced themselves from, and identified less with, patients. Yet overall, these physicians changed their practices in ways ranging from small to large. Recently, questions of how to make doctors better have received attention (1). But the doctors here suggest additional ways, and their intimate stories offer insights that made even “good” physicians better. They came to reassess and alter their relationships with patients: approaches to tests and diagnoses, treatment problems, poor adherence, nonmedical aspects of care, and communication about end-of-life and other taboo topics. Though potentially, illness could merely embitter and frustrate a doctor, that was overall not the case here. Indeed, many now wanted to take on, as a mission or legacy, improving the training of future providers. Through their pain, these doctors hoped to enlighten and inspire others.
Conclusions: The Professional Self
Authors: Klitzman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps more than almost any other profession, except possibly the priesthood, medicine compels its members to define themselves by their work. Novitiates endure a physically demanding and self-sacrificing apprenticeship, or process of “socialization,” that deeply ingrains the values and identity of the field into its members. Consequently, as we have seen, the threat of losing their job can challenge their deepest senses of meaning and self-definition.
Essentials on Observing and Violating the Fundamentals of Bodhisattva Precepts Wnhyo’s Nonsubstantial Mahāyāna Ethics
Authors: Park Jin Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Making distinctions to create ethical categories and judging human actions based on these categories are generally thought to be major functions of ethics. Understood in this manner, ethics could be at odds with the commitment of Mahāyāna Buddhist traditions to the nonsubstantial nature of entities. To create precepts means to generate ethical categories. However, if entities are empty, precepts as well as the idea of observing precepts can contradict the basic position of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
Oboe
Authors: Ely Mark C , Van Deuren Amy E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acoustical Properties: The acoustical and physical tonal characteristics of an instrument that affect its sound quality. The oboe is one of the oldest woodwind instruments. Traditionally made of wood, the oboe is a conical tube closed at one end (i.e., the double reed end) and open at the other (i.e., the bell end). The vibration of a double reed produces its characteristic timbre, and the key design is similar to other woodwind instruments. These design characteristics result in a tone that produces a full complement of partials. The oboe overblows the octave. 9at is, most of the Fingerings used in the lower octave will produce a note one octave higher when one of its two (or three) octave keys is depressed. Only the First (fundamental) and second partials are used for the majority of the normal playing range. See also Acoustical Basics, page 3; Construction and Design, page 479;
Bassoon
Authors: Ely Mark C , Van Deuren Amy E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acoustical Properties: The acoustical and physical tonal characteristics of an instrument that affect its sound quality. Traditionally made of wood, the bassoon is a conically shaped tube closed at one end (the double reed end) and open at the other (the bell end). 9is construction, along with the vibration of a double reed, produces its characteristic timbre. These design characteristics result in a tone that produces a full complement of partials. The bassoon overblows the octave. 9at is, some of the Fingerings used in the lower octave (e.g., A-natural through D-natural) will produce a note one octave higher when the instrument is overblown or when the whisper key is opened. Only the First (fundamental) and second partials are used for the majority of the normal playing range. See also Acoustical Basics, page 3; Construction and Design, page 618; Harmonics, page 32 Action: See Action, page 3 Adjusting Pitch: The process of raising or lowering the pitch of notes. A general discussion of adjusting pitch is under Intonation in chapter 1. Specific suggestions for adjusting pitch on bassoon are under Intonation in this chapter.
The Baby Professor
Authors: Bliss Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Silence, Gentlemen.’
This was the routine command to a room full of McGill medical students, taking a break from a long day of classes, to stop their singing, yelling, jostling, and settle in for another dreary hour of recitation from a gruff bewhiskered professor.
Their teacher of ‘institutes,’ Dr Osler, barely mustachioed, instead chose to stand and wait until the noise subsided of its own accord. He probably had no alternative at first. At twenty-five he was younger than some of the students. They called him ‘the Baby Professor.’ He was not a natural teacher. He had no flair for public speaking and little experience in it – some of it disastrous. He tended to talk quietly and was very nervous. Cousin Jennette proofread his lectures to improve their style. Cousin Marian helped him practice speaking out. ‘My first appearance before the class filled me with a tremulous uneasiness and an overwhelming sense of embarrassment,’ he recalled.
The Woman Who Decided To Die
Authors: Munson Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Advances in medical technology force us to struggle with new and often gut-wrenching decisions. How do we know when someone is dead and not just in a coma? Should a convicted felon qualify for a new heart? In The Woman Who Decided to Die, novelist and medical ethicist Ronald Munson takes readers to the very edges of medicine, where treatments fail and where people must cope with helplessness, mortality, and doubt. Using personal narratives that place us right next to doctors, patients, and care givers as they make decisions, Munson explores ten riveting case-based stories, told with a writer’s eye for illuminating detail. These include a young woman with terminal leukemia more worried about her family than herself, a stepfather asked to donate a liver segment to his stepson, a student who believes she is being controlled by invisible Agents, and a psychiatrist-patient who prizes his autonomy until the end. Raising fundamental questions about human relationships, this is an essential book about the very nature of life and death.
Like Leaving a Note
Authors: Munson Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here’s the beginning of the story as I later heard it: Susan Winters, at twilight on an overcast November day, was crossing Midway Boulevard, walking home from the branch library where she worked. Either she didn’t see the black van speeding toward her or she believed it would stop for the red light.
Whatever the reason, she was caught directly in its path.
The front edge of the bumper struck her at hip level, tossing her into the air like a coppy doll. When she fell, the back of her head struck the concrete curb of the center divider. She lay sprawled on the street, unconscious and bleeding from her injuries. A cashier in a sandwich shop who had seen the accident called 911, and within twelve minutes an ambulance arrived.
The paramedics made sure that Susan’s airway was clear and gave her nasal oxygen. They checked her blood pressure, injected a drug to boost it, then started a saline IV. They put a cervical collar around her neck to protect the upper part of her spine, then slid her onto a backboard. With their siren bleating, they rushed her to the ER at Midwestern Hospital.
The Agents
Authors: Munson Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nancy Trail woke up feeling terrible.
The muscles in her neck and back were stiff, and her stomach felt bloated and unsettled. She had slept badly and had a dull, low-grade headache. Her body felt so heavy that getting out of bed and putting on her clothes involved a series of small struggles. Each task took all the will she could muster, and she constantly felt on the edge of failing.
She zipped up her jeans, then searched the closet for her long-sleeved white shirt with the button-down collar. She put on the shirt, then pulled on a thick blue sweater. She wore the shirt on bad days, because it seemed to help. Maybe because white was for purity and the collar buttons kept things in order.
She felt especially bad this morning, but she knew what was wrong. The Agents had injected her with gold while she slept. They had been doing it for days, maybe weeks. She had lost track of the last time she felt really well. Maybe as long ago as a month. She’d been all right at the beginning of the semester, but then the Agents had started working on her. Now her body felt heavy and clumsy because it was filled with gold.
Peaceable Kingdom
Authors: Kenny Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William Penn established Pennsylvania in 1682 as a “holy experiment” in which Europeans and Indians could live together in harmony. In this book, historian Kevin Kenny explains how this Peaceable Kingdom--benevolent, Quaker, pacifist--gradually disintegrated in the eighteenth century, with disastrous consequences for Native Americans. Kenny recounts how rapacious frontier settlers, most of them of Ulster extraction, began to encroach on Indian land as squatters, while William Penn’s sons cast off their father’s Quaker heritage and turned instead to fraud, intimidation, and eventually violence during the French and Indian War. In 1763, a group of frontier settlers known as the Paxton Boys exterminated the last twenty Conestogas, descendants of Indians who had lived peacefully since the 1690s on land donated by William Penn near Lancaster. Invoking the principle of “right of conquest,” the Paxton Boys claimed after the massacres that the Conestogas’ land was rightfully theirs. They set out for Philadelphia, threatening to sack the city unless their grievances were met. A delegation led by Benjamin Franklin met them and what followed was a war of words, with Quakers doing battle against Anglican and Presbyterian champions of the Paxton Boys. The killers were never prosecuted and the Pennsylvania frontier descended into anarchy in the late 1760s, with Indians the principal victims. The new order heralded by the Conestoga massacres was consummated during the American Revolution with the destruction of the Iroquois confederacy. At the end of the Revolutionary War, the United States confiscated the lands of Britain’s Indian allies, basing its claim on the principle of “right of conquest.” Based on extensive research in eighteenth-century primary sources, this engaging history offers an eye-opening look at how colonists--at first, the backwoods Paxton Boys but later the U.S. government--expropriated Native American lands, ending forever the dream of colonists and Indians living together in peace.
A Hunger for Land
Authors: Kenny Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Land-hungry settlers who could not establish a foothold in Lancaster County began to cross the Susquehanna River into the Cumberland Valley in the 1730s. At the conference in 1742 when Canassatego expelled Nutimus and his people, western Delaware and Shawnee Indians complained that “they were greatly disturbed and injured by the Peoples settling” on their side of the Kittatinny Mountains. In October Lieutenant Governor George Thomas issued a proclamation prohibiting settlement west of the mountains. All settlers that “have presum’d to possess themselves of any Lands there,” he declared, “are manifest Intruders; and, as such, liable by the Laws to be removed, and, in Case of refusal, to be committed to Prison and severely Fined.” With winter approaching he gave the intruders until May 1, 1743, to vacate. The proclamation had little effect as it could not be enforced west of the river, where squatters continued to settle in increasing numbers.
Panic in Philadelphia
Authors: Kenny Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When John Penn and his Council met on January 2, 1764, they had urgent business to consider. Edward Shippen had just forwarded an anonymous letter from Lancaster claiming that “many of the Inhabitants of the Townships of Lebanon, Paxton, and Hanover, in Lancaster County, were forming themselves into a Company of 200 Men, to March to Philadelphia, with a design to kill the Indians on the Province Island.” Many of “the Farmers near the Mountain,” Shippen’s informant reported, “had contributed largely to defray the Expences of such of them as were not able to procure Horses, and pay their charges, &ca.” Penn sent a message to the Assembly on January 3 warning that the killers of the Conestoga Indians “are making great addition to their numbers, and are actually preparing to come down in a large Body and cut off the Indians seated by the Government on the Province Island.” The only way to stop the rebels would be to meet force with force, yet no funds were available for “levying men to strengthen the hands of Government, and protect the Indians.” Penn therefore requested a bill furnishing him “with full powers to repel those bold Invaders of Law & Justice, & support the Honour & Dignity of the Government.” With the existing provincial forces “engaged in the defence of our long extended Frontier,” the Assembly agreed in principle to fund additional men for the defense of Philadelphia out of temporary funds, “till such a Bill as your Honour recommends, can be prepared and considered.” These last words were ominous, given the long history of contention between the legislature and executive over supply bills.1
American Modernism and depression Documentary
Authors: Allred Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American Modernism and Depression Documentary surveys the uneven terrain of American modernity through the lens of the documentary book. Jeff Allred argues that photo-texts of the 1930s stage a set of mediations between rural hinterlands and metropolitan areas, between elite producers of culture and the "forgotten man" of Depression-era culture, between a myth of consensual national unity and various competing ethnic and regional collectivities. In light of the complexity this entails, this study takes issue with a critical tradition that has painted the "documentary expression" of the 1930s as a simplistic and propagandistic divergence from literary modernism. Allred situates these texts, and the "documentary modernism" they represent, as a central part of American modernism and response to American modernity, as he looks at the impoverished sharecroppers depcited in the groundbreaking Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, the disenfranchised African Americans in Richard Wright's polemical 12 Million Black Voices, and the experiments in Depression-era photography found in Life magazine.
From “Culture” to “Cultural Work”: Literature and Labor between the Wars
Authors: Allred Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this great undertaking the artists, the men of imagination will open the march: they will take the Golden Age from the past and offer it as a gift to future generations; they will make society pursue passionately the rise of its well-being, and they will do this by presenting the picture of new prosperity, by making each member of society aware that everyone will soon have a share in enjoyments which up to now have been the privilege of an extremely small class; they will sing the blessings of civilization, and for the attainment of their goal they will use all the means of the arts, eloquence, poetry, painting, music; in a word, they will develop the poetic aspect of the new system. In his memoir Exile’s Return: A Narrative of Ideas (1934), Malcolm Cowley remembers eavesdropping one night on John Dos Passos, Mike Gold, and Joseph Freeman at Squarcialupe’s, a Greenwich Village restaurant frequented by literary bohemians in the mid-1920s.
Moving Violations: Stasis and Mobility in James Agee and Walker Evans’s
Authors: Allred Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nothing has spread Socialistic feeling in this country more than the use of automobiles. To the countryman they are a The world is but a perennial movement. All things in it are in constant motion—the earth, the rock of the Caucasus, the pyramids of Egypt—both with the common motion and with their own. Stability itself is nothing but a more languid motion.
Thomas Hoccleve (c. 1368–c. 1426)
Authors: Bauer Mark S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
from “The Complaint of Hoccleve: Hoccleve Remembers His Madness”
Aftir that heruest inned had hise sheues, Note: “v” and “u” are used And that the broun sesoun of Mihelmesse interchangeably. Thus, Was come, and gan the trees robbe of her leues “haruest” is “harvest,” That grene had ben and in lusty freisshenesse, “sheues” is “sheves” And hem into colour of yelownesse [sheaves], and, below, Had died and doun throwen vndir foote, “vnder” is “under” That chaunge sanke into myn herte roote.
Alexander Barclay (1475–1552)
Authors: Bauer Mark S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
from “The Ship of Fools—Of Glotons and Dronkardes”
Some sowe-dronke, swaloynge mete without mesure, Some mawdelayne dronke, mournynge lowdly and hye, Some beynge dronke no lenger can endure
Without they gyve them to bawdy rybawdry; Some swereth armys, nayles, herte and body,
Terynge our Lord worse than the Jowes hym arayed; Some nought can speke, but harkenyth what is sayd.
Some spende all that they have and more at wast With ‘revell and revell, dasshe fyll the cup Joohn!’ Some their thryft lesyth with dyce at one cast; Some slepe as slogardes tyll their thryft be gone,
Some shewe theyr owne counsell for kepe can they none, Some are ape dronke, full of lawghter and of toyes,
Some mery dronke, syngynge with wynches and boyes.
Edward Young (1683–1765)
Authors: Bauer Mark S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
from “Night Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality: Night I”
Tired Nature’s sweet restorer, balmy Sleep! He, like the world, his ready visit pays
Where Fortune smiles; the wretched he forsakes; Swift on his downy pinion flies from woe,
And lights on lids unsullied with a tear.
From short (as usual) and disturb’d repose
I wake: how happy they who wake no more! Yet that were vain, if dreams infest the grave. I wake, emerging from a sea of dreams
Tumultuous; where my wreck’d desponding thought, From wave to wave of fancied misery,
At random drove, her helm of reason lost: Though now restored, ‘tis only change of pain, (A bitter change!) severer for severe.
The Day too short for my distress; and Night, E’en in the zenith of her dark domain,
Is sunshine to the colour of my fate.
Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth
Her leaden sceptre o’er a slumbering world. Silence, how dead! and darkness, how profound! Nor eye, nor listening ear, an object finds; Creation sleeps. ‘Tis as the general pulse
Of life stood still, and Nature made a pause; An awful pause! prophetic of her end.
And let her prophecy be soon fulfill’d: Fate! drop the curtain; I can lose no more.
Thomas Mozeen (published 1768)
Authors: Bauer Mark S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Bedlamite
‘Tis not on the face displayed, What I suffer, cruel maid!
A burning poison lurks unseen:
O ease me; ease my sad chagrin!
See through yon fiery lake, yon flaming flood, Fierce dragons come to drink my blood.
Why, Jove, dost thou thus set them on?
O what have I done,
My dear, dear, dazzling sun, That no wind from the sea Blows tidings to me,
Whilst the tyrant frowns on my throne?
Shall we to the meadows go, Where the butter-flowers blow,
And the dainty daisies grow?
I say No, no, no, no, no, no.
For lend me a while your ear; How can I be merry, Whilst you guzzle sherry,
And I must sip small beer?——
Give me the reward, Give me the reward;
And fill the goblet high:
I now the traitor spy;—— Tread soft and fair, All light as air,
‘Tis my belief, Yon plantain leaf
Conceals him from your eye.
Thomas Chatterton (1752–1770)
Authors: Bauer Mark S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sunday, A Fragment
Hervenis, harping on the hackneyed text, By disquisitions is so sore perplexed,
He stammers,—instantaneously is drawn A bordered piece of inspiration-lawn, Which being thrice unto his nose applied, Into his pineal gland the vapours glide; And now again we hear the doctor roar On subjects he dissected thrice before.
I own at church I very seldom pray, For vicars, strangers to devotion, bray.
Sermons, though flowing from the sacred lawn, Are flimsy wires from reason’s ingot drawn; And, to confess the truth, another cause
My every prayer and adoration draws: In all the glaring tinctures of the bow, The ladies front me in celestial row.
(Though, when black melancholy damps my joys, I call them nature’s trifles, airy toys;
Yet when the goddess Reason guides the strain, I think them, what they are, a heavenly train.) The amorous rolling, the black sparkling eye, The gentle hazel, and the optic sly;
The easy shape, the panting semi-globes,
The frankness which each latent charm disrobes; The melting passions, and the sweet severe,
The easy amble, the majestic air;
The tapering waist, the silver-mantled arms, All is one vast variety of charms.
Say, who but sages stretched beyond their span, Italian singers, or an unmanned man,
Can see Elysium spread upon their brow, And to a drowsy curate’s sermon bow?