bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Solution of Binary Liquid-Phase Adsorption onto Porocel Clay Using Linear, Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherms
Authors: Olafadehan Olaosebikan A. , Susu Alfred A. 
Published: July 2005

A generalized mathematical model is presented to describe the process of multi-component adsorption onto porous media in fixed beds. The model was applied to the binary adsorption, without reaction, of aromatics and sulphur compounds onto a fixed bed of Porocel clay for kerosene deodorization using linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms independently. A computational scheme for the solution of the model equations is presented. The scheme is based on orthogonal collocation for spatial discretization of the resulting set of coupled hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equations for the macro-and micro-system, respectively. Michelsen's modified third-order semi-implicit Runge-Kutta method combined with step-size adjustment strategy was used to integrate the resulting 4N ordinary differential equations. Excellent agreement between the simulated results and pilot plant data was obtained for the breakthrough profiles for the non-linear adsorption isotherms of Freundlich and Langmuir. No agreement was obtained for the linear isotherm. Also, using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, the exit concentration of the less preferentially adsorbed component (aromatics) exceeded its inlet concentration to the adsorption column for a certain period. This is indicative of the behaviour of competitive multi-component adsorption: relative to aromatics, sulphur compounds are selectively adsorbed onto Porocel clay. The relationship between solid- and liquid-phase concentration profiles for the Freundlich isotherm revealed the formation of multiple adsorption layers upon the primary mono-molecular layer. Again, for the Freundlich isotherm, the structure of the profiles exhibited a highly pronounced maximum for sulphur. An experimental breakthrough time of 8 h was also predicted for both aromatics and sulphur compounds using the non-linear Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms.
Realistic Performance Requirements for Steel in Structures
Authors: Bjorhovde Reidar 
Published: July 2005

Steel offers significant advantages for construction: it has high strength and stiffness and ample deformation and stress redistribution capacities for many applications, it does not crack or otherwise fracture under normal conditions, and is available in many grades and geometric forms. On the other hand, structures will be subjected to high deformation demands due to various conditions during fabrication, construction and service. A dynamically loaded structure may experience fatigue or fracture; seismic events create major deformation demands on structural members and connections; and fabrication methods such as welding require very large local deformability of the steel under certain conditions. However, the chemical composition and metallurgical structure of steel are very complex, and the models that are used by codes to reflect the mechanical response bear little resemblance to what it will experience under actual conditions. For example, steel is anisotropic, as a result of production operations and other plastic deformation effects. Although the anisotropy normally is of no consequence, it will affect the response of the steel in many loading and deformation demand situations. For another, the behavior of steel is a function of deformation history, to the effect that it may respond as a high strength, low ductility material, given the prior occurrence of large displacements. The paper addresses the properties of a range of structural steels, how these are incorporated into design standards and how the standards define deformation characteristics and demands. Several examples from practice illustrate the primary behavioral characteristics. However, most of today's design requirements are strength-oriented, with focus on element load-carrying and load-transfer capacities. With the current move towards performance-based design standards and especially the demands imposed by seismic and other extreme load conditions, it is clear that deformation considerations need to be better recognized and incorporated into the structural design criteria.
Paradoxical effects of praise and criticism: Social, dimensional and temporal comparisons
Authors: Möller Jens 
Published: July 2005

Background. When developing a domain‐specific academic self‐concept, students are not restricted to social comparisons; they may also make temporal or dimensional comparisons.Aims. The main purpose of this study was to examine whether these different types of comparison trigger paradoxical effects of praise and criticism in the sense described by Meyer (1992). University students participated in Study 1 (N=120) and Study 4 (N=83). The Study 2 sample consisted of 180 seventh to ninth grade students, and Study 3 investigated paradoxical effects with a sample of 130 elementary school students.Methods. Participants were presented with vignettes describing the results of 2 students (social comparison condition) versus 1 student in 2 subjects (dimensional comparison) versus 1 student in 2 subsequent tests (temporal comparison). In all cases, the results were identical. Participants were then informed about a teacher's response to these results (praise vs. criticism vs. neutral response), and were asked to estimate the ability of the 2 stimulus persons.Results. Study 1 and Study 2 revealed that dimensional, as well as social, comparisons following praise and criticism elicit paradoxical effects of perceived ability, reflected in corresponding estimations of student effort and teacher expectancies. There were no paradoxical effects following temporal comparisons. Study 3 did not reveal any paradoxical effects, thereby supporting the assumption that the occurrence of such effects depends on the level of cognitive development. Study 4 showed that the paradoxical effects found in Study 1 and 2 occur even when the sanctioned and the neutral achievement are presented independently.Conclusions. Dimensional comparisons, which have been largely overlooked in the past, play a major role in ability inferences.
Rotational Temperature Estimation of CO at High Temperatures by Graphical Methods Using FT-IR Spectrometry
Authors: McNesby K. L. , Fifer R. A. 
Published: July 2005

Rotational temperatures are obtained from gas-phase Fourier transformed infrared spectra of CO with the use of graphical methods over the temperature range 302 to 773 K. Peak absorbances of individual rovibrational transitions are corrected for instrumental distortion and are then fit to a Boltzmann distribution to obtain the rotational temperature of the gas. A solution to the convolution integral for FT-IR spectrometry is obtained by numerical integration. The equation relating observed peak absorbance, Aobs, to true peak absorbance, Apm, ranging from one to five true peak absorbance units for triangularly apodized spectra is: [Formula: see text] where the resolution parameter, ρ, is equal to 1/(2Δ γm), γm is the half-width at half-height (HWHH) of the absorption line in question, and Δ is the maximum optical retardation of the interferometer (here equal to 1 cm). In all cases, temperatures obtained by graphical analysis yielded gas temperatures within 10% of the actual temperatures. Experiments were also conducted to determine the CO rotational temperature in a premixed, low-pressure (64 Torr) CH4/N2O flame. CO temperatures for the premixed flame ranged from 1500 to 1700 K, indicating a large transferral of heat from the flame to the burner chamber.
BMP-4 inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in ewe pituitary
Authors: Faure M-O , Nicol L , Fabre S , Fontaine J , Mohoric N , McNeilly A , Taragnat C 
Published: July 2005

Activins and inhibins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta family are able to stimulate and inhibit, respectively, FSH synthesis and release. Other members of this superfamily, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), may also affect FSH synthesis in the mouse. The aim of this work was to determine whether BMPs are expressed in the ovine pituitary and whether they play a role in the regulation of FSH release.
The mRNAs encoding BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7 and the oocyte-derived growth factor, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 were detected in the pituitaries of cyclic ewes by reverse-transcriptase PCR, as well as the mRNAs encoding the BMP type I receptors, BMPR-IA (activin-receptor-like kinase (ALK)-3) and BMPR-IB (ALK-6), and type II receptors (BMPR-II). Immunolabeling of pituitary sections revealed the presence of BMPR-IA (ALK-3) and BMPR-II in gonadotrope cells. To investigate the potential effects of BMPs on FSH secretion, ewe pituitary cell cultures were treated with BMP-4 (10−11 M to 10−9 M) for 48 h. Interestingly, FSH release was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. At 10−9 M BMP-4 both FSH concentration and FSHβ mRNA expression were reduced by 40% of control values. In contrast, there was no inhibitory effect on either LH or LHβ mRNA expression. A similar result was found with BMP-6. BMP-4 triggered the phosphorylation of Smad1, suggesting that the effect of BMP-4 on FSH secretion is due to the activation of the BMPs signaling pathway. Furthermore, BMP-4 blocked the stimulatory effect of activin on both FSH release and FSHβ mRNA and amplified the suppression of FSH release and FSHβ mRNA levels induced by 17β-estradiol. These results indicate that a functional BMP system operates within the sheep pituitary, at least in vitro, to decrease FSH release and to modulate the effect of activin.
Genetic interaction between Wnt7a and Lrp6 during patterning of dorsal and posterior structures of the mouse limb
Authors: Adamska Maja , Billi Allison C. , Cheek Susannah , Meisler Miriam H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Developmental Dynamics 233:368–372Developmental Dynamics(2005) 233(2) 368–372
Tetranuclear Polypyridyl Complexes of RuII and FeII: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Photochemical Behaviour
Authors: Lombard Jean , Romain Sophie , Dumas Stéphane , Chauvin Jérôme , Collomb Marie‐Noëlle , Daveloose Denis , Deronzier Alain , Leprêtre Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThree heterotetranuclear complexes [{RuII(bpy)2(LLn)}3FeII]8+ {bpy = 2,2'‐bipyridine, n = 2, 4, 6; denoted [{Ru(LLn)}3Fe]8+}, in which one iron centre is complexed by three RuII‐tris‐bipyridine‐like moieties containing covalently bridging bis‐bipyridine LLn ligands, have been synthesised and characterised. The stability and the electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties of these complexes have been investigated in CH3CN. The cyclic voltammograms of all complexes exhibit two successive reversible oxidation processes in the positive region, corresponding to the FeII/FeIII and RuII/RuIII redox couples. These systems are clearly separated (ΔE1/2 about 300 mV), which indicates the absence of an electronic connection between the two subunits. In the negative region, three successive reversible four‐electron systems are observed, corresponding to the ligand‐based reduction processes. The two oxidized forms of the complexes [{RuII(LLn)}3FeIII]9+ and [{RuIII(LLn)}3FeIII]12+, which are obtained by two successive exhaustive electrolyses, are very stable. The [{Ru(LLn)}3Fe]8+ complexes are luminescent, which shows that the covalent linkage between the RuII‐tris‐bipyridine and FeII‐tris‐bipyridine subunits leads to an only partial quenching of the RuII* excited states by energy transfer to the FeII centre. The luminescence lifetime and quantum yield are found to be independent of the complexes’ concentration, thus indicating that the energy‐transfer process is only due to an intramolecular electron‐exchange mechanism. Quantitative photoinduced oxidation of the tetranuclear complexes has been performed by continuous photolysis experiments in the presence of a large excess of a diazonium salt, which plays the role of a sacrificial oxidant. Two successive oxidation processes (FeII → FeIII and RuII → RuIII) are observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Preparation and Photochemistry of Dendrimers with Isolated Stilbene Chromophores
Authors: Soomro Shahid A. , Benmouna Reda , Berger Rüdiger , Meier Herbert 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn addition to the model compounds 4a and 4b, the dendrimers 11 and 14 with trans‐stilbene chromophores in the core and on the periphery of the dendrons were prepared and their photochemistry was studied in solution and in neat films. Due to the flexibility of the arms, intramolecular and intermolecular CC bonds are formed on irradiation. Thus, the generation of nanoparticles, which represent small oligomers, is much more likely than for the cross‐linking of rigid, cross‐conjugated stilbenoid dendrimers. The photoreactions in solution were studied by UV and NMR spectroscopy, the transformation of the films was studied by AFM. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Diastereoselective Dimerisation of Alkenylthiazolines: A Combined Synthetic and Computational Study
Authors: Beutler Ariane , Davies Christopher D. , Elliott Mark C. , Galea Natasha M. , Long Matthew S. , Willock David J. , Wood John L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe acylative dimerisation of 2‐alkenyl‐1,3‐thiazolines 1 gives compounds 3 and 8 upon treatment with trichloroacetyl chloride and trifluoroacetic anhydride, respectively. This reaction is completely diastereoselective, in particular giving only a single double‐bond isomer. The scope of the reaction has been evaluated synthetically, while a computational study has elucidated the mechanism of the reaction and the origin of stereocontrol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
MF tricyclic and sulindac retard tumor formation in an animal model
Authors: Dvory‐Sobol Hadas , Kazanov Diana , Liberman Eliezer , Birkenfeld Shlomo , Bulvik Benny , Luk Pauline , Leshno Moshe , Arber Nadir 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNew selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors offer the benefit of cancer protection with less gastrointestinal toxicity associated with nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We hypothesize that MF tricyclic and sulindac can retard all stages of tumor formation in nude mice. In a blinded placebo controlled study, 3 types of experiments were performed: 1) 2.5 × 106 cells were injected into 2 flanks of nude mice subcutaneously, as a model for in situ cancer (n=192); 2) 1 × 106 cells were injected into the cecum of mice as a model for in situ colorectal cancer (n=78) and 3) 0.5 × 106 cells were implanted into the splenic subcapsule to establish a colorectal cancer liver metastasis model (n=78). The animals were fed with standard chow containing either placebo, MF tricyclic (67 mg/kg of chow) or sulindac (150 mg/kg of chow). Mice that were given MF tricyclic or sulindac, at clinical anti‐inflammatory plasma concentrations, were significantly more tumor free and had significantly smaller primary tumors and fewer metastases, as compared to mice that consumed placebo. The mortality and the latency period were significantly better in the treatment groups. These findings suggest that selective COX‐2 inhibitors may serve as an adjunct to standard therapy in colorectal cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete surfaces in the hyperbolic space with a constant principal curvature
Authors: Aledo Juan A. , Gálvez José A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper we study complete orientable surfaces with a constant principal curvature R in the 3‐dimensional hyperbolic space H3. We prove that if R2 > 1, such a surface is totally umbilical or umbilically free and it can be described in terms of a complete regular curve in H3. When R2 ≤ 1, we show that this result is not true any more by means of several examples. This contradicts a previous statement by Zhisheng [6]. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the wellposedness of the Cauchy problem for weakly hyperbolic equations of higher order
Authors: D'Ancona Piero , Kinoshita Tamotu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe study the wellposedness in the Gevrey classes Gs and in C∞ of the Cauchy problem for weakly hyperbolic equations of higher order. In this paper we shall give a new approach to the case that the characteristic roots oscillate rapidly and vanish at an infinite number of points. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analyticity of the resolvent for elastic waves in a perturbed isotropic half space
Authors: Kawashita Mishio , Kawashita Wakako 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this article the analytic and asymptotic properties of the resolvent for elastic waves in a three dimensional domain perturbed from the isotropic half space R3+ are studied. In this case, the asymptotic expansion of the resolvent at the origin has logarithmic terms. This property is totally different from the case of the whole 3‐dimensional space. The existence of the surface waves like the Rayleigh waves makes this difference. As an application of the asymptotic properties of the resolvent, the rate of the local energy decay estimates for the dynamical equations is obtained. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface Fixing Effect of Vacuum Evaporated Particles on Polyethylene Single Crystals
Authors: Lü Kangbo , Yang Decai 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSummary: The recrystallization behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) single crystals with vacuum evaporated metal chromium or carbon on their surface has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) techniques. The results indicate that the particle‐coated HDPE single crystals can retain their single crystal structure after complete melting and subsequent recrystallization, with the heat‐treated temperature as high as 200 °C. This phenomenon is attributed to a surface fixing effect of vacuum evaporated Cr or carbon on the single crystals.A bright‐field electron micrograph and the corresponding electron diffraction pattern of recrystallized Cr‐coated HDPE single crystals.magnified imageA bright‐field electron micrograph and the corresponding electron diffraction pattern of recrystallized Cr‐coated HDPE single crystals.
Proteins in vacuo: Denaturing and folding mechanisms studied with computer‐simulated molecular dynamics
Authors: Arteca Gustavo A. , Reimann C.T. , Tapia O. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

I.
Introduction
402

II.
Experiments and Simulations: Background
403

III.
Unfolding Studies
406

A.  Centrifugal Unfolding of Neutral Proteins
407

B.  Unfolding by Coulombic Repulsion
409

C.  Unfolding by Screened van der Waals Attraction
411

IV.
Refolding Studies
412

V.
Closing Remarks
414

VI.
Acknowledgments
415

Appendix 1. Molecular Shape Descriptors for Protein Backbones
416

Appendix 2. MD Simulations
417

References
419

Mounting evidence from experiments suggests that the native fold in solution is metastable in dehydrated proteins. Results from a number of experiments that use mass spectrometry indicate also that folding–unfolding transitions take place in protein ions even in the absence of water. These observations on anhydrous proteins call for a re‐evaluation of our understanding of the folding transition. In this context, computer‐assisted simulations are an important complementary tool. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress on the simulation of proteins in vacuo. In particular, we discuss the response of proteins and protein ions to perturbations that trigger unfolding and re‐folding transitions. By comparing the general patterns emerging from theory and experiment, we propose a series of new measurements that could help to validate, and improve, current simulation models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 20:402–422, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10012
Regulation of TIMP‐2, MT1‐MMP, and MMP‐2 expression during C2C12 differentiation
Authors: Lluri Gentian , Jaworski Diane M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐dependent proteases capable of degrading extracellular matrix components. The activity of these proteases is tightly regulated through the actions of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Although the regulation of MMPs and TIMPs during physiological and pathological remodeling has been investigated in a number of systems, almost nothing is known about their role in skeletal muscle differentiation. To investigate the role of MMP‐mediated proteolysis during myogenesis, the regulation of TIMP‐2, MT1‐MMP, and MMP‐2 expression was investigated during differentiation of the mouse myoblastic C2C12 cell line. We show that this trio is upregulated coincident with myogenesis. The more diffuse spatial distribution of TIMP‐2 relative to MT1‐MMP and MMP‐2 suggests that TIMP‐2 may exert MMP‐independent functions during myogenesis. Elucidating the regulation of these molecules during muscle differentiation in vitro may lead to a better understanding of their role in pathological processes in muscle tissue in vivo. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Different types of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy have a different clinical course and response to treatment
Authors: Jann Stefano , Beretta Sandro , Bramerio Manuela A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) can occur in association with other systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and IgG or IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Whether CIDP that is idiopathic (I‐CIDP) or associated with diabetes (CIDP‐DM) or MGUS (CIDP‐MGUS) differ in clinical presentation, laboratory features, response to treatment, and long‐term outcome is unclear, as is the relationship between these coexisting diseases and CIDP. In order to clarify this issue, we began a prospective follow‐up study. Thirty‐one consecutive patients with untreated CIDP, fulfilling the most restrictive diagnostic criteria, were enrolled over 18 months. Among the patients, 16 were diabetic, 7 had a MGUS, and 8 had an idiopathic CIDP. All patients were treated with IVIg, and the responders were treated again if they relapsed. In all three groups, improvement occurred after treatment. At the end of the follow‐up, there was no difference in clinical conditions between groups, but a significant difference existed in the number of relapses and of IVIg administrations. CIDP‐DM is a more severe disease, but with a significantly better response to IVIg and fewer relapses, than the other types that we studied. Muscle Nerve, 2005