bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedation practices for Australian and New Zealand paediatric oncology patients
Authors: Barnes C , Downie P , Chalkiadis G , Camilleri S , Monagle P , Waters K 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: Paediatric oncology patients often require repeated bone marrow aspirates and lumbar punctures. These procedures commonly require sedation and analgesia. The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and the American Academy of Pediatrics have published guidelines that provide recommendations on monitoring and staffing requirements during sedation of paediatric patients. A survey was conducted of the oncology units in Australia and New Zealand in order to compare current practices with published guidelines. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with nursing or medical staff members. Results: Fourteen oncology units collectively perform approximately 130 procedures each week, of which 74% are performed under general anaesthesia. Of the remainder, most are performed using conscious sedation. Most units adhere to published recommendations regarding equipment and staffing during procedures performed under sedation. Only a minority of units follow guidelines regarding documentation; fasting requirements; observation and documentation of vital signs during and after the procedure; and obtaining informed consent for procedures performed using sedation. Conclusion: Sedation practices among paediatric oncology units in Australia and New Zealand vary. None of the units fully adhere to published guidelines on childhood sedation. Paediatric oncology units should be familiar with the content of these guidelines and make an informed decision as to their usefulness, both in directing best clinical practice, and in supporting current practice in the event of medico‐legal challenge.
Rehabilitation of spasticity and related problems in childhood cerebral palsy
Authors: Flett PJ 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Spasticity is one part of the upper motor neuron syndrome, but it is a widespread problem in cerebral palsy; it is debilitating, affects function and can lead to musculoskeletal complications. Significant advances have occurred in antispasticity management (and related musculoskeletal problems) in children with cerebral palsy during the past 5−10 years. Botulinum toxin A has been the most outstanding treatment advance; it is relatively long‐lasting, easy to administer, reversible, has a favourable side‐effect profile and is highly useful for focal spasticity. There is an emerging role for intrathecal baclofen in Australia. Despite being available and practised in North America for years, selective dorsal rhizotomy has not been popular in Australia. The use of orthopaedic surgery has significantly altered in recent years. There is still a place for oral drug treatment, including some newer agents and the potential for combination treatment with other modalities. The role of physical therapy in defining disability, assessing function, undertaking biomechanical assessment and providing mobility aids/casting/orthoses and motor training/stretching exercises is critical for the success of medical and surgical interventions. From an Australian perspective, the purpose of the present review is to provide a critical review of therapies available for spasticity associated with childhood cerebral palsy.
Limnology and pollution of a small, shallow tropical water‐body (jagüey) in North‐East Mexico
Authors: Zavala Elia Hoz , Espino Guadalupe de la Lanza 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe environmental characteristics and degree of pollution of a jagüey (a small, shallow tropical water‐body) in Mexico were identified by means of an environmental impact matrix. Jagüeys are important as their main sources of water are the subsurface water‐table and rainfall, however, they have not been studied because of their small size. A flow diagram was designed to incorporate the main climatic, geological and hydrological environmental factors, as well as physico‐chemical data on sediment and water qualities, and biological, technostructural and socioeconomic aspects. The resulting index of –90 in the environmental impact matrix indicates a severe negative impact on jagüeys from the input of allochtonous nutrients because of their small depth, limited circulation and the high rate of evaporation. The jagüeys studied appear in a state of hypertrophy and senility, despite geological youth.
Importance of sustainable management of percolation lakes in semiarid basaltic terrain in western India
Authors: Limaye Shrikant D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSustainable management of percolation lakes or percolation tanks is closely related to the survival of approximately 15 million farmers and an equal number of cattle living in the semiarid basaltic plateau of western India. Here, the monsoonal rains are restricted to a few rainy days between June and September. It is therefore necessary to harvest the monsoon runoff into small percolation lakes in mini‐catchments by constructing earthen bunds on small streams and allowing the stored water in the lakes to percolate and recharge the groundwater body. The residence time of water in the mini‐catchments is thus increased and it is possible for the farmers to dig wells and irrigate the crops in their small farm plots. The efficiency of the percolation lakes is hampered by silt that accumulates in the lake bed or tank bed, year after year. It is therefore necessary for the beneficiary farmers to desilt the lakebed when the lake dries in the summer. Soil conservation practices should be followed in the catchment area in order to reduce the amount of silt entering the lake. Non‐governmental organizations play an important role in this field.
Management issues of the Lake Peipsi/Chudskoe region
Authors: Kosk Aija 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLake Peipsi is the fourth largest lake in Europe and the largest international lake in Europe. Lake Peipsi is shallow, eutrophic, biologically very productive and is bordered by many wetland areas along its coasts. Large peat deposits in the Lake Peipsi basin are protected under national legislation. The lake is most important as a resource for recreation and fisheries. The fish stock in Lake Peipsi is one of the richest in Europe. The most critical environmental issues for the Peipsi watershed are eutrophication and unregulated fishing in the lake. During the Soviet period, large collective farms dramatically accelerated eutrophication. Despite the drop in fertilizer use during the last 10 years and a decrease in the number of domestic animals in the watershed, the impact of the earlier agricultural pollution is still significant. Untreated sewage has also been dumped in the Narva River tributary as a result of an international dispute concerning water supply and wastewater treatment. People living in the Lake Peipsi region have faced traumatic changes as a result of the re‐establishment of the border between Russia and Estonia in 1992. The establishment of an international border on the waters of the lake has resulted in fishermen losing access to many of their traditional fishing areas. Political and economic transformations of the last 10 years have seriously interrupted information exchange between different institutions and organizations concerned with the health of the lake. The Centre for Transboundary Cooperation facilitates international communication and cooperation between the Estonian and Russian governments and promotes public participation in environmental, social and economic development and decision‐making. The centre is in the process of guiding the development of a watershed management plan for the Lake Peipsi watershed and a vision for watershed development that is truly sustainable.
Influence of artificial reefs on fish assemblage of the Barra Bonita Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Freitas Carlos E. C. , Petrere Miguel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the effects of introduced artificial reefs on the diversity of freshwater fish communities in lentic and lotic zones of a very impacted river in southeastern Brazil. To accomplish this goal, artificial reefs were introduced, in December 1997, in the Barra Bonita reservoir and in the lotic zone immediately below the dam. Fish diversity was always higher in the lotic zone than in the reservoir. Accordingly, fish diversity near the artificial reefs was consistently higher than in the control areas. We propose that the higher environmental complexity in the lotic zone, as compared to the reservoir, is incremented in areas where artificial reefs were introduced; also, we present that, in both areas, diversity is mainly affected by the introduction of artificial reefs.
Detection and variation of microcystin contents ofMicrocystisblooms in eutrophic Lalla Takerkoust Lake, Morocco
Authors: Oudra B. , Loudiki M. , Sbyyaa B. , Sabour B. , Martins R. , Amori A. , Vasconcelos V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHepatotoxic microcystins produced by cyanobacteria represent a significant health hazard. In Morocco, although blooms of cyanobacteria are known to occur frequently in some water‐bodies, studies on toxicology and toxinology of these potentially harmful algae have been scarcely developed. This paper presents results of the detection of Microcystin‐LR (Mcyst‐LR) and other microcystin variants and their content variations fromMicrocystisnatural blooms and from the isolated strain culture. During the cyanobacteria dynamic study, 11 bloom samples were collected between 1994 and 2000 and were assessed for toxicity and quantification of microcystins, respectively, by mice bioassay and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The bloom samples exhibit a high toxicity with mice intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) LD50< 100 mg/kg and the total microcystin contents were 496–8800 μg/g dry weight with a coefficient of variation of less than 11%. However, theMicrocystisisolated strain cultured on Z8 medium under controlled laboratory conditions produced an amount of 707 μg/g dry weight, its toxicity level corresponds to a LD50i.p mice of 31 mg/kg. The detection of microcystin variants and the identification of Mcyst‐LR from some natural bloom samples collected in 1994, 1996 and 1999 have been carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, which confirmed the identification from each bloom sample of at least four microcystin variants, among which the Mcyst‐LR one represents a relative proportion of 30% to 62% of total microcystin contents. Only one variant of microcystin that was not a Mcyst‐LR has been detected from aMicrocystisisolated strain. The toxicity level of the material depended either on the amount of microcystins or the number of these variants and their proportion. According to these results, the survey of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins monitoring in water used for human consumption is needed to avoid any sanitary risk.
Validation of a new analytical model for peritoneal transport model using rabbit in vivo experimental data
Authors: Hamada Hiroyuki , Sakiyama Ryoichi , Yamashita Akihiro C. , Okamoto Masahiro , Tojo Kakuji J. , Kumano Kazuo , Sakai Tadasu 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Computer simulation techniques may be useful for considering an appropriate treatment schedule for peritoneal dialysis by using a mathematical model. The authors derived a new approximated analytical solution for Pyle‐Popovich’s peritoneal dialysis model that is known to simulate peritoneal transport quantitatively. In the present study, the validity of the new model was demonstrated by comparing it with another approximated analytical solution derived by other researchers using rabbit in vivo experimental data taken under normal continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) mode. The new model showed much better agreement with the experimental data no matter how the plasma concentration changed during the course of the experiment. The new analytical solution can simulate the change of metabolite concentration in the plasma using clinical data at an arbitrary treatment time.
Mid‐term effects of steroid therapy on childhood‐onset IgA nephropathy
Authors: Watanabe S , Hattori M , Akioka Y , Yamaguchi Y , Ito K 
Published: March 2003

Purpose: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is considered the most common glomerular disease in the world. Although treatment of children with severe IgAN with predonisolone (PSL) has been reported, the mid‐term prognosis of paediatric patients treated with PSL is unclear. In the present study we examined the mid‐term effects of PSL therapy.Method: Thirty‐seven paediatric patients with IgAN (18 males, 19 females), whose biopsy findings showed acute segmental lesions including cellular crescent and adhesion in more than 10% of glomeruli examined, were prospectively treated with PSL plus heparin‐warfarin and dipyridamole (Tx) for 1.5 years and followed up over 1 years after Tx end. Fifteen age and histological grade‐matched children with IgAN (six males, nine females), who had never been treated with PSL, were also evaluated as a historical control. The mean observation period was 5.0 ± 1.8 years (range, 2.5–8.6 years). The histological grade (acute lesion) and stage (chronic lesion) were scored semiquantitatively based on the Shigematsu’s grade‐stage system.1Result: Proteinuria decreased 1.48 g/day/1.73 m2 at the start of Tx to 0.32 g/day/1.73 m2 at the end of Tx. Eighteen patients (48.6%) achieved complete remission (CR). No patient developed chronic renal failure in Tx group, while two of the controls deteriorated renal function in the last observation. The pattern of responsiveness to Tx were divided into three groups according to the levels of proteinuria: CR, rebound (> 0.5 g/day/1.73 m2) and incomplete remission (< 0.5 g/day/1.73 m2). The rebound of proteinuria is usually accompanied with PSL reduction. The grade of glomerular pathology was improved with Tx (Gg: 0.8–0.3), while the stage of tubulo‐interstitial change progressed (Sint: 0.7–1.2).Conclusions: The present study shows that Tx to children with IgAN showing acute lesions for 1.5 years is effective to subside acute glomerular injury. However, because clinical courses of treated patients vary in each patient, dosage and duration of PSL administration should be modified in their clinical setting.
An ethic of the fitting: a conceptual framework for nursing practice
Authors: Tuckett Anthony G. 
Published: March 2003

An ethic of the fitting: a conceptual framework for nursing practiceNurses are expected to act within an ethos of care cognisant of duty, the right, and the good. Concepts of virtue theory, utilitarianism and deontology are used to outline a conceptual ethical framework for nurses in practice. This ‘Moebius’ framework aims to locate the virtues in a symbiotic relationship with the principles of utilitarianism and deontology. Under this framework, fitting ethical responses are sought. Within an ethic of the fitting, rules and principles do not guarantee the most ethically justifiable outcomes. Within the Moebius approach, the nurse ought to respond with a sense of compassion that befits the moment rather than adhere to a rule at all costs.
Theory and language: locating agency between free will and discursive marionettes
Authors: Hardin Pamela K. 
Published: March 2003

Theory and language: locating agency between free will and discursive marionettesThis article outlines a research methodology that embraces individual narratives, yet recognizes that individual narratives are nested within a backdrop of broader social and cultural understandings of who we are and how we come to understand our world. This dialectical move requires an epistemological shift, focusing on the utility of reconceptualizing the ‘environment’, not only as the social, political, or economic conditions in society, but also as language. Reconceptualizing the environment as language makes it epistemologically possible to construct a bridge between varying levels of analysis, namely, between individual accounts and life stories and the cultural, social, and historical worlds from which those accounts emerge.
The conversational and discursive construction of community psychiatric nursing for chronically confused people and their families
Authors: Adams Trevor 
Published: March 2003

The conversational and discursive construction of community psychiatric nursing for chronically confused people and their familiesThe paper examines the conversational and discursive processes that occur within domiciliary visits between community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) and relatives of chronically confused people. Three conversation formats are identified, through which talk between CPNs and carers is organised. In addition, various discursive practices are also identified within domiciliary meetings. The contribution of these conversational and discursive features to the work of CPNs is fully discussed in relation to what they accomplish within the visit. The data comprised 48 paired tape recordings. Of these recordings, 24 were unstructured interviews between CPNs and informal carers to people who had been diagnosed as having dementia by a medical practitioner. In addition, 24 domiciliary meetings between primary informal carers and their CPNs were tape recorded and fully transcribed. The transcripts were analysed using techniques drawn from conversation analysis and discourse analysis. The implications of the findings upon CPN practice are examined.
The oil crisis, risk and evidence‐based practice
Authors: Traynor Michael 
Published: March 2003

The oil crisis, risk and evidence‐based practice Evidence‐based practice has risen to prominence over the last 20 years. Different professions have taken it up in different ways and for different purposes. It has been seen as holding both threats and advantages to professionalising endeavours and professional identity. It has engendered controversy but some criticisms of it have been unconvincing. It is possible to account for its rise as a response to tightening financial constraints on state spending in the west, as a sign of a culture increasingly concerned with risk, distrust of professionals and experts, as well as a way for professionals themselves to maintain control over their activity in the face of growing managerialism. This paper reviews the literature of some of the movement's proponents as well as criticism from various professional groups. It concludes that more useful than either arguing for or against it, is to understand the policy background and sociological reasons for its emergence and spread.
Efficacy of media in motivating patients with panic disorder to visit specialists
Authors: Kato Tadafumi , Yamanaka Gaku , Kaiya Hisanobu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn 97 patients who visited Akasaka Clinic, their chief complaints, the form of media which motivated patients to visit the clinic, and their DSM‐IV diagnoses were examined. The media which most frequently motivated the patients were books (35%), TV programs (23%), and the Internet (16%). While many of patients complained of panic attacks, 74.2% were diagnosed as having anxiety disorder, 12% had somatoform disorder and 8% did not have any mental illness. The rate of panic disorder tended to be higher in patients motivated by TV programs (70%) and significantly lower in those motivated by the reading of books (48%). These results suggest that enlightenment of panic disorder using the media, especially that by TV programs, effectively motivates patients with panic disorder.
Multicenter study on the effects of day care therapy on schizophrenia: A comparison of day care patients with outpatients
Authors: Oka Kozaburo , Maeda Masaharu , Hirano Takayuki , Funahashi Tatsuhide , Yamada Sumio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of day care therapy for a period of 6 months upon patients with schizophrenia were studied through comparison with schizophrenia outpatients at four facilities in Japan. The clinical features of the 31 day care patients and 30 outpatients were evaluated by the hospital staff using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Global Assessment Scale (GAS), and by the patients’ close relatives using the Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS) before and after 6 months of treatment. Day care patients showed a significant decrease in the general pathological score of PANSS and GAS, but outpatients did not show any comparable improvement. As for KAS scores, similar improvement was observed for both the day care patients and outpatients. After 6 months, 43% of the day care patients improved on the post‐/pre‐ PANSS total scores ratio, as against only 13% of the outpatients. In addition, 13% of the outpatients were readmitted due to an exacerbation of their symptoms, whereas all day care patients were able to remain at home for 6 months. This study clearly demonstrated that day care therapy for patients with schizophrenia was more effective than the usual outpatients treatment setting. Further therapeutic efforts (e.g. psycho‐education) in day care therapy are needed in order to improve family member’s evaluation of the patient.
Cultural difference in recognition of facial emotional expression: Contrast between Japanese and American raters
Authors: Shioiri Toshiki , Someya Toshiyuki , Helmeste Daiga , Wa Tang Siu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsing the Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) photo set, the relationship between recognition and intensity ratings of universal facial expressions of emotions in 123 Japanese undergraduate students was examined and compared with data reported by American raters. In Japanese raters, although the intensity was rated as high for some of the poses, their correctness scores were poor, suggesting a serious misjudgment of the intended emotions as defined in the JACFEE photo set. Only in Japanese raters were significant relationships between the intensity scores and the percentage correctness scores for sadness detected (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001), but no significant relationship was observed for other emotions. The robust correlation suggests the possibility that Japanese raters might be more responsive to certain emotional expressions when they are fully or intensely expressed. It is proposed that the facial emotional expression paradigm cannot be applied to the psychiatric setting without first refining for cultural differences.
Hyperperfusion in the lateral temporal cortex, the striatum and the thalamus during complex visual hallucinations: Single photon emission computed tomography findings in patients with Charles Bonnet Syndrome
Authors: Adachi Naoto , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Matsuda Hiroshi , Onuma Teiichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report the findings of single photon emission computed tomography using 123I‐IMP and magnetic resonance image studies of five patients with Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) while they were having visual hallucinations. All patients developed complex visual hallucinations after suffering from eye disease. The mean age at onset of CBS was 71.6 years. Single photon emission computed tomography studies in all patients disclosed hyperperfusion areas with some asymmetrical appearances in the lateral temporal cortex, striatum and thalamus. These results suggest that when elderly people suffer from eye disease, subsequent excessive cortical compensation in the lateral temporal cortex, striatum and thalamus may precipitate the development of visual hallucinations.