bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The short-term stability and tilting motion of a well-observed low-latitude solar coronal hole
Authors: Heinemann Stephan G. , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Turtle James A. , Pomoell Jens , Asvestari Eleanna , Sterling Alphonse C. , Diercke Andrea , Downs Cooper 
Published: October 2023

Context. Our understanding of the solar magnetic coronal structure is tightly linked to the shape of open field regions, specifically coronal holes. A dynamically evolving coronal hole coincides with the local restructuring of open to closed magnetic field, which leads to changes in the interplanetary solar wind structure.
Aims. By investigating the dynamic evolution of a fast-tilting coronal hole, we strive to uncover clues about what processes may drive its morphological changes, which are clearly visible in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) filtergrams.
Methods. Using combined 193 Å and 195 Å EUV observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Extreme UltraViolet Imager on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead, in conjunction with line-of-sight magnetograms taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, also on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we tracked and analyzed a coronal hole over 12 days to derive changes in morphology, area, and magnetic field. We complemented this analysis by potential field source surface modeling to compute the open field structure of the coronal hole.
Results. We find that the coronal hole exhibits an apparent tilting motion over time that cannot solely be explained by solar differential rotation. It tilts at a mean rate of ∼3.2°  day−1 that accelerates up to ∼5.4°  day−1. At the beginning of May the area of the coronal hole decreased by more than a factor of three over four days (from ∼13 × 109 km2 to ∼4 × 109 km2), but its open flux remained constant (∼2 × 1020 Mx). Furthermore, the observed evolution is not reproduced by modeling that assumes the coronal magnetic field to be potential.
Conclusions. In this study we present a solar coronal hole that tilts at a rate that has yet to be reported in literature. The rate exceeds the effect of the coronal hole being advected by either photospheric or coronal differential rotation. Based on the analysis we find it likely that this is due to morphological changes in the coronal hole boundary caused by ongoing interchange reconnection and the interaction with a newly emerging ephemeral region in its vicinity.
Lungentuberkulose unter Therapie mit
Tocilizumab/Etanercept
Authors: Falk Alexander , Strunk Johannes 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungIn unserer Ambulanz wurde bei einer 82-jährigen Patientin nach Diagnose
einer late onset seropositiven ACPA-negativen Rheumatoiden Arthritis (LORA)
zunächst eine Therapie mit Leflunomid begonnen. Im Verlauf musste die
Therapie auf Etanercept gewechselt werden. Bei positivem Quantiferontest
erfolgte eine Chemoprävention mit Rifampicin. Im Verlauf
präsentierte sich die Patientin mit der Diagnose einer
Großgefäßvaskulitis, in der Rückschau lag also
initial eine Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) vor. Die Therapie wurde auf
Tocilizumab geändert und die Pat. erhielt einen Prednisolonstoß.
Unter der Therapie mit Tocilizumab/Prednisolon entwickelte die Patientin
eine polysensible Lungentuberkulose.
Interval post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer following a negative colonoscopy in a fecal immunochemical test-based screening program
Authors: van de Schootbrugge-Vandermeer Hilliene J. , Kooyker Arthur I. , Spaander Manon C. W. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Wisse Pieter H. A. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Geuzinge Hiltje A. , Toes-Zoutendijk Esther , de Jonge Lucie , Breekveldt Emilie C. H. , van Vuuren Anneke J. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Ramakers Christian R. B. , Dekker Evelien , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris 
Published: October 2023

Background In the Dutch colorectal (CRC) screening program, fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive individuals are referred for colonoscopy. If no relevant findings are detected at colonoscopy, individuals are reinvited for FIT screening after 10 years. We aimed to assess CRC risk after a negative colonoscopy in FIT-positive individuals.
Methods In this cross-sectional cohort study, data were extracted from the Dutch national screening information system. Participants with a positive FIT followed by a negative colonoscopy between 2014 and 2018 were included. A negative colonoscopy was defined as a colonoscopy during which no more than one nonvillous, nonproximal adenoma < 10 mm or serrated polyp < 10 mm was found. The main outcome was interval post-colonoscopy CRC (iPCCRC) risk. iPCCRC risk was reviewed against the risk of interval CRC after a negative FIT (FIT IC) with a 2-year screening interval.
Results 35 052 FIT-positive participants had a negative colonoscopy and 24 iPCCRCs were diagnosed, resulting in an iPCCRC risk of 6.85 (95 %CI 4.60–10.19) per 10 000 individuals after a median follow-up of 1.4 years. After 2.5 years of follow-up, age-adjusted iPCCRC risk was approximately equal to FIT IC risk at 2 years.
Conclusion Risk of iPCCRC within a FIT-based CRC screening program was low during the first years after colonos-copy but, after 2.5 years, was the same as the risk in FIT-negative individuals at 2 years, when they are reinvited for screening. Colonoscopy quality may therefore require further improvement and FIT screening interval may need to be reduced after negative colonoscopy.
Marine Sponge-Derived Secondary Metabolites Modulate SARS-CoV-2 Entry
Mechanisms
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Richter Stefanie , Lindemann Dirk , Ehrlich Hermann , Bornstein Stefan R. , Bechmann Nicole 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV 2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in numerous
global infections and deaths. In particular, people with metabolic diseases
display an increased risk of severe COVID 19 and a fatal outcome. Treatment
options for severe cases are limited, and the appearance of new virus variants
complicates the development of novel therapies. To better manage viral
infections like COVID 19, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Marine sponges
offer a natural and renewable source of unique bioactive agents. These sponges
produce secondary metabolites with various effects, including anti-viral,
anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic properties. In the current study, we
investigated the effect of five different marine sponge-derived secondary
metabolites (four bromotyrosines and one sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone). Two of
these, Avarol and Acetyl-dibromoverongiaquinol reduced the expression of ACE2,
the main receptor for SARS-CoV 2, and the alternative receptor NRP1. Moreover,
these substances derived from sponges demonstrated the ability to diminish the
virus titer in SARS-CoV 2-infected cells, especially concerning the Omicron
lineage. However, the reduction was not substantial enough to expect a
significant impact on infected humans. Consequently, the investigated
sponge-derived secondary metabolites are not likely to be effective to treat
COVID 19 as a stand-alone therapy.
Visible-Light-Mediated Intramolecular Lactonization of Benzylic C(sp3)–H Bonds Promoted by DDQ and tert-Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Li Chunmei , Li Meichao , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Miaomiao , Yang Jiangyu , Niu Mengyu , Xu Meng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds was established through a mild metal-free intramolecular lactonization protocol in the presence of DDQ/tert-butyl nitrite as photocatalysts, allowing practical and low-cost access to a series of phthalide products in moderate to excellent yields. Compared with many existing methodologies, this visible-light-driven process exhibits an excellent substrate scope and fascinating features, including the formation of water as the sole byproduct, an abundant and green energy source, commercially available catalysts, and room-temperature reaction. Finally, detailed mechanistic investigations clearly revealed the role of the photocatalysts and molecular oxygen.
The Irish Experience with Sacrococcygeal Teratomas: Are Type IV Lesions More Common than We Think?
Authors: Kane Gavin Alan , Mortell Alan , Gillick John , Thambipillai Sri Paran , Cascio Salvatore 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are rare tumors occurring in approximately 1 in 35,000 to 40,000 live births. The Altman classification is used to describe SCTs. There are four types, with type 1 predominantly external through to type IV which is a presacral, completely internal mass. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study to focus on type IV SCT lesions.
Materials and Methods Using ICD-10-AM (The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification) codes, we identified all patients in the Republic of Ireland with a diagnosis of SCT from 2004 to 2020. The following information was obtained for each patient: gender, time of diagnosis, clinical presentation, method of diagnosis, Altman classification, biomarkers, age at operation, surgical technique, pathology, recurrence, and age at most recent follow-up.
Results There were 29 patients in total; 23 females (79%) and 6 males (21%). In total, 16 (55%) were diagnosed antenatally, 4 (14%) at less than 1 month, 4 (14%) less than 1 year, 3 (10%) age 2 to 4 years, and 2 (7%) were aged 5 to 12 years. In addition, 22 (76%) were mature teratomas, 2 (7%) immature teratomas, and 5 (17%) were malignant tumors. There were 6 (21%) type I lesions, 9 (30%) type II, 6 (21%) type III, and 8 (28%) type IV lesions.
Conclusion In Altman's original 1974 study, type IV lesions were present in 10% of cases. As a result, this is the most frequently quoted figure. Type IV lesions were present in 28% of cases in our study. We propose that type IV lesions may be more common than the current literature suggests and consequently a higher index of suspicion of their presence should be entertained.
A multi-functional arbitrary timing generator based on a digital-to-time converter
Authors: Kong Dexuan , Fu Zaiming , Liu Hanglin , Gao Shuaihao 
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a new high-resolution digital-to-time converter architecture based on a field programmable gate array and digital-to-analog converter (DAC). A real-time algorithm of time–-amplitude mapping is proposed, which converts the vertical resolution of the DAC to the timing resolution and realizes the ultra-high resolution timing signal generation. Moreover, the relationship between the timing resolution and the vertical resolution and the sampling rate of DAC is discussed. Based on this, arbitrarily distributed random timing signals and editable timing signal sequence functions are realized. This method is verified in the experiment on Xilinx XCKU040 and Texas Instrument DAC37J82. Furthermore, a timing resolution of 1 ps is realized. A time range of 4.2 ns to 999 s, an editable sequence length of 1–128k, and excellent nonlinear performance are achieved. In addition, functions for arbitrarily distributed random timing signals and signal bursts are tested. This method can be flexibly deployed on existing hardware and satisfy almost all test requirements.
‘Optional’ direct objects: Free variation?
Authors: Symanczyk Joppe Vilma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While the existence of free variation is widely acknowledged in phonology, it has often been denied for lexicon and syntax. Syntactic variation, according to the consensus among many, is never truly free; apparent counterexamples are just cases of undetected complementary distribution. Among these phenomena suggesting free variation are optional objects in German, which can be and have been described as valency alternatives of individual verbs.
In this paper, linguistic units – phonemes as well as lexemes and syntactic configurations – are uniformly modelled as interpretation and production rules of different strengths, allowing for redundancies due to the licensing of the same structure on different linguistic levels. Introductory examples from phonology are extended to morphology and eventually to the aforementioned ‘optional’ direct objects. Based on a large acceptability rating study, it will be shown that most of the phenomena in question are neither cases of free variation nor of complementary distribution; instead, they are the result of partially equivalent distribution systematically arising from the conflict of rules of different degrees of specificity on different linguistic levels.
Stability of inflectional variation
Authors: Hasse Anja 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Free morphological variation is an understudied phenomenon; however, it is implicitly included in studies on overabundance. In the inflection of the indefinite article in Zurich German, we find overabundance of the dative masculine/neuter cell over a timespan of nearly 200 years. As this study shows, instances of overabundance or (possibly) free variation have to be analysed in great detail. In Zurich German, we see a complex picture of free variation in certain linguistic contexts and conditioned variation in other contexts. This instance of morphological variation in Zurich German is quite stable, which contradicts the hypothesis that morphological variation is always a transitional stage of a changing inflectional system, and it even exists at the intra-individual level.
Variation of deontic constructions in spoken Catalan
Authors: Giménez García Roser , Queralt Sheila , Moreno Vila F. Xavier 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Different areas of linguistic research have given different meanings to the notion of free variation. This paper reflects on this term and variationist linguistics. We focus on the variation between prescriptive and nonstandard deontic verbal constructions in Catalan. Through a variationist lens, we use decision trees to explore 1,060 tokens of infinitive constructions with caldre, haver de, tenir de, tenir que and haver-hi que. The discussion of results is broadened to show that variationist linguistics can dismiss but not prove the existence of free variation, a notion we argue is nevertheless relevant in linguistics, whether as a fuel for more empirical studies of language use or as a label for linguistic phenomena for which no explanation is (yet) known.
Supporting TBLT through teacher education
Authors: East Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTask-based language teaching (TBLT) is becoming increasingly accepted in a range of contexts across the globe as a viable learner-centred alternative to more traditional teacher-fronted approaches. In theory, TBLT has a lot to commend it. However, since its inception TBLT has moved and developed in a variety of directions and has been subject to a host of interpretations and orientations. In several cases, teachers hold onto teacher-fronted practices that clash with the philosophy and rationale of TBLT. These are complicating factors that can make TBLT implementation in classrooms problematic. This critical position paper considers teacher education as a mediating and supporting variable in the successful design and implementation of TBLT and tasks in classrooms. It begins with a summary of the benefits and limitations of TBLT. It goes on to present an overview of some of the challenges that have emerged from accounts of different contexts where attempts have been made to enact TBLT ideas, including the role of teacher education and a comparison of a pre-service and in-service teacher education initiative in one specific context. The paper concludes with proposing ten guiding principles for effective TBLT-oriented teacher education.
Packing soft spheres: experimental demonstrations with hydrogels
Authors: Irannezhad A , Baragry A , Weaire D , Mughal A , Hutzler S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We describe a number of different experimental set-ups that use hydrogel spheres to demonstrate dense packings of deformable spheres in various geometries. The arrangements are similar to those of bubbles in foams, drops in emulsions, biological cells, etc. The experiments are easy to perform in the class-room or an undergraduate science laboratory. They are described in the context of the history of packing problems to which this convenient system, not yet fully explored, can add significant new findings.
Design and modeling of the electrostatically controlled nanowire FET for ppt-level hydrogen sensing
Authors: Mutsafi Zoe , Shimanovich Klimentiy , Mukherjee Anwesha , Rosenwaks Yossi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present the design of a H2 gas sensor based on palladium (Pd) decorated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire field effect transistor (FET) with a standard SOI complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication process, where a top Pd layer plays a dual role of a catalyst and a surrounding metal gate. A numerical study was conducted based on a simplified steady-state model to describe the sensing mechanism of H2 in dry air at 300 K. The simulation is based on the model of dissociative H2 adsorption on the Pd surface and the formation of a dipole layer at the Pd/SiO2 interface. The H atoms induced dipoles lead to a potential drop which exponentially increases the FET drain current and consequently, the sensor response. The FET drain current is controlled by its back-gate bias and by varying the H2 concentrations; it is shown that the drain current response reaches 1.8 × 108% for 0.8% H2 in air and a superior sensitivity of 4.58 × 104%/ppm in the sub-threshold operation regime. The sensor exhibits an outstanding theoretical detection limit of 50 ppt (response of 1%) and an upper dynamic range limit of 7000 ppm which allow for timely and accurate detection of H2 gas presence. The power consumption ranges between ∼10 fW (dry air) to ∼20 nW (0.8% H2 in dry air) and therefore paves the way for a very large-scale integration commercial sensing platform.
Soft and hard scales of the transverse momentum distribution in the color string percolation model
Authors: Alvarado García J R , Rosales Herrera D , Fierro P , Ramírez J E , Fernández Téllez A , Pajares C 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn color string models, the transverse momentum distribution (TMD) is obtained through the convolution of the Schwinger mechanism with the string tension fluctuations distribution. Considering aq-Gaussian distribution for these fluctuations, the TMD becomes a hypergeometric confluent function that adequately reproduces the characteristic scales at low and highpTvalues. In this approach, the hard scale of the TMD is a consequence of considering a heavy-tailed distribution for the string tension fluctuations whose width rises ass, multiplicity or centrality increases. In this paper, we introduce broader information of the TMD in the color string percolation model by determining the color suppression factor, which now also depends on the parameters of theq-Gaussian. To this end, we analyze the reported data on pp and AA collisions at different center of mass energies, multiplicities, and centralities. In particular, for minimum bias pp collisions, we found that theq-Gaussian parameters and the effective temperature are monotonically increasing functions of the center of mass energy. Similar results are found for AA collisions as a function of the centrality at fixeds. We summarize these results in a phase diagram that indicates theq-Gaussian parameters region allowing the quark–gluon plasma formation.
Assessment of the effectiveness of Saba shielding with the composition of Cu–Bi in neck CT imaging: a phantom and patient study
Authors: Keshtkar Mohammad , Mosleh-Shirazi Mohammad Amin , Saba Valiallah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of computed tomography (CT) is a very well-established medical diagnostic imaging modality, however, the high radiation dose due to this imaging method is a major concern. Therefore, dose reduction methods are necessary, especially for superficial radiosensitive organs like the thyroid. The aim of this study is to construct and assess a CT shield with composition of 90% Cu and 10% Bi (Saba shield) with regard to dose reduction and image quality. The efficiency of the constructed shields for dose reduction was assessed by measuring entrance skin dose (ESD), using thermoluminescence dosimeters placed on an anthropomorphic phantom. Image quality was assessed quantitatively based on image noise and CT number accuracy by drawing regions of interest on CT images of the anthropomorphic phantom. Image quality was further investigated qualitatively in a patient study. Application of the Saba shield and 100% Bi shield with the thickness of one thickness (1T) reduced ESD by 50.2% and 51.7%, respectively, and using a three-fold thickness reduced ESD by 64.6% and 65.1%, respectively. Saba shield with thickness of 1T had no significant change in image noise in the anterior part, and image noise and mean CT number in the posterior part (P > 0.05). The statistical analysis performed did not find any meaningful difference between the study and control groups in image quality assessment of the patient study (P > 0.05). The 1T Saba shield reduced thyroid dose efficiently during neck CT imaging without causing unwanted effects on image quality.
Bispectral analysis and information fusion technique for bearing fault classification
Authors: Sharma Anju , Patra G K , Naidu V P S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The feasibility and effectiveness of data fusion for the fault classification of bearing faults have been very well iterated in the literature. However, all previous endeavors have been limited to time, frequency, and time-frequency domain techniques. The use of higher-order spectral analysis (HOSA), especially Bispectrum and Trispectrum, for fault detection is gaining importance in recent studies due to the many advantages of HOSA. Bispectral features provide a valuable tool for capturing higher-order statistical relationships in signals, making them particularly effective in detecting nonlinearities and distinguishing between Gaussian and non-Gaussian data. Their robustness to noise and ability to reveal hidden information make them advantageous in applications such as vibration analysis, speech recognition, and image processing, where complex signal interactions and nonlinearity play a significant role in data interpretation and pattern recognition. This paper proposes a methodology for the fusion of the data from the vibration and the acoustic sensors for the fault detection of roller element bearings using bispectral features. Higher-order spectral characteristics are derived from vibration and acoustic sensor data, and they are fused using artificial neural networks and various other machine learning algorithms like support vector machine, K nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes algorithm, and decision tree. This work primarily aims to evaluate the performance of each classifier when applied to the fused data, in contrast to the performance when using individual sensor data alone. The outcomes revealed that, even though the accuracy of the acoustic sensor data was lower in comparison to the vibration sensor data, which exhibited the highest performance of 100% accuracy with nearly all the classifiers, the fused data achieved remarkable results of 100% accuracy with artificial neural networks and decision trees. However, the Naïve Bayes algorithm yielded the lowest accuracy when applied to the fused data. The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of bispectrum analysis for data fusion and to enhance confidence in fault detection. It achieves this by maintaining the capability to accurately and dependably detect faults, even when a single sensor encounters issues or falls short of anticipated performance standards.