bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Effects of Selected Heavy Metals in Wrapping Sheets and Food Products
Authors: Muhammad A.I. , Ibrahim I.L. , Musah M. , Mathew J.T. 
Published: January 2024

Paper is light, cheap, easy to use and discard or recycle, and quite environmentally friendly which makes it a popular food packaging material in Nigeria especially used paper. In this study, 5 different food packaging papers (foil, ink pen, printed, plain and newspapers) were used to wrap bean cake at varying temperatures (room temperature, 45 oC, 65 oC and 85 oC) for 30 minutes using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The packaging papers were analyzed for levels of toxicity of 10 heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, As, Hg and Fe).The quantities of the selected heavy metals in the papers were compared with permitted values published by the European Council for food contact materials where Pb, Ni, As, Co and Cr were observed to be more than the permitted concentration in the samples, while Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were observed within the permitted concentration. The food samples have concentration range of; Ni (BDL – 0.03 ppm), Pb (BDL – 0.03 ppm), Co (BDL), Ar (BDL) and Cr (BDL – 0.05 ppm) with maximum legal concentrations of 0.02 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.1 - 0.2 ppm and 0.05 ppm respectively. Comparison of the determined concentrations of heavy metals in the food packaging papers with permitted standards for food contact materials suggests that the presence of these contaminants may be associated with health hazards but the migration of these heavy metals to the food sample were observed to be in low concentrations and below the permissible level of the WHO/FAO standard for food, except for a few concentrations of lead and nickel which were above the permissible limit. Even at low concentration, heavy metals are toxic to biological cells as they do not undergo biodegradation. Consequently, they accumulate in humans, leading to various diseases and disorders, even when present in low concentrations. But based on the migration ability of these heavy metals from the food packaging paper to the food product, the best packaging paper is foil paper with very low concentration of metals migrating compared to other papers.
Effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drop on tear film stability and tear secretion in patients with rigid gas permeable contact lens associated xerophthalmia
Authors: Xu Yaping , Chen Sheng , Wu Dingyong , Yuan Ziyun , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of sodium hyaluronate eye drops on tear film stability and tear secretion in patients suffering from rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (RGPCL)-associated xerophthalmia.
Methods: 88 patients treated at Shangrao Aier Eye Hospital, China with RGPCL-associated xerophthalmia were enrolled in this study from May 2021 to May 2022. They were randomly and equally divided into two groups: a study group (treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops) and a control group (treated with meibomian gland massage). Tear secretion parameters (lacrimal river width, Schirmer I test (S1t), tear fluid lysozyme content), tear film stability indicators (tear film break-up time, tear film thickness, corneal fluorescein staining score), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
Results: Following the treatment, study group exhibited significantly improved tear secretion compared to control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, tear film stability indicators significantly improved in study group after treatment, accompanied by a reduction in corneal fluorescein staining score (p < 0.05). Although both groups showed decreased OSDI scores after treatment, the reduction was more substantial in study group. Additionally, the therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse reactions were superior in study group compared to control group.
Conclusion: The use of sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of patients with RGPCL-associated xerophthalmia enhances tear secretion, and improves tear film stability and therapeutic outcomes, leading to a reduction in ocular surface disease index and the incidence of adverse reactions. However, this treatment strategy warrants a large-scale clinical trial prior to application in clinical practice.
Development of Digital Comic Interactive Media Toward Primary Students' Understanding of Concepts
Authors: Ghifary Dhiva Hafiluddin Al , Subroto Waspodo Tjipto , Mustaji Mustaji 
Published: January 2024

Objective: The use of interactive media to understand the concept of material is a stimulation of the integration of all the senses in students, where the media will provide freedom to explore the material that is available in it freely, utilizing several unique features in Microsoft PowerPoint which the researchers then turned into an interactive learning tool for students, in its implementation students will be presented with learning media that integrates audio, video and visual components. Method: This research uses quantitative research with experimental methods. The population in this study was class VI students as experimental class research and VI B students as control class research, with a sample of class VI C students totaling 30 students for each sample on geographical characteristics and life in the ASEAN region. Results: This research produced media products in the form of interactive comics, which are proven to be able to increase students' conceptual understanding of material on geographical characteristics and life in the ASEAN region, as proven by the results of data processing using which proves that there is a significant influence. Novelty: There is a significant impact of the development of Digital Comic Interactive Media on Students' Conceptual Understanding of Elementary school is seen from the pretest and post-test results, which show that Ho is rejected and Hα is accepted. By rejecting Ho, it means that in this research, it is proven that the conceptual understanding of students who are given action is significantly different.
Development of Entrepreneurship Strategic Planning Model at Al-Fitrah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya
Authors: Irfan Saiful , Roesminingsih Maria Veronika , Mudjito Mudjito 
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aims to describe 1) feasibility, 2) practicality, and 3) the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship strategic plan model at Al-Fitrah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya. The natural conditions in the three Islamic boarding schools provide educational services at low and affordable costs from the community. Contributions in addition to educational services, it is also necessary to consider contributions to economic activities in the Islamic boarding school. Method: This research is a development research with a Research and Development (R&D) approach. The subjects of research in developing entrepreneurial strategic planning models in Islamic boarding schools are Islamic boarding school caregivers, ustadz, and students of Al-Fitrah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya. Results: The development results in an entrepreneurship strategic plan book at the Al Fithrah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya, which has been used to reference business plans for business actors in the Al Fithrah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya. The effectiveness of using products in the form of entrepreneurship strategic plan books at the Al Fithrah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya can be seen from the results of each strategy map and business plan made during the entrepreneurship strategic plan preparation workshop. Novelty: The entrepreneurship strategic plan book provides an overview of strategic initiatives in response to the SWOT analysis that has been carried out. This strategic initiative provides the goals to be achieved and what strategies must be made to achieve these goals.
Analysis of High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Profile According to Ennis Indicators
Authors: Septiany Leni Dwi , Puspitawati Rinie Pratiwi , Susantini Endang , Budiyanto Mohammad , Purnomo Tarzan , Hariyono Eko 
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aims to identify the profile of senior high school students' critical thinking skills in ecosystem material on several critical thinking indicators compiled by Ennis. Method: This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. The research used six essay questions prepared to analyze students' thinking skills based on several indicators compiled by Ennis. The population in this study were all high school students at one of the senior high schools in West Nusa Tenggara, with the sample being class X students with a total of 60 students. Results: Based on research findings, it is known that the skills of the students in the sample are divided into three categories, namely very low, low, and moderate. Half of the sample size is in the very low category. At the same time, the rest is divided into the low and moderate categories, where a small number of students belong to the moderate category. Novelty: The novelty of this research is to explore the level of students' critical thinking skills using indicators compiled by Ennis. These results will provide an overall understanding of students' critical thinking skills, which teachers can use as a basis for designing learning designs to train students' critical thinking skills to reach the high and very high categories.
Panique, le refus de l’autorité surréaliste
Authors: COURRET Joy 
Published: January 2024

L’avènement de Panique est le fruit de la rencontre de trois artistes : Roland Topor, Fernando Arrabal, et Alejandro Jodorowsky. Le mouvement – ou plutôt le non-mouvement – apparait en France dans les années 1960 alors que le surréalisme, déjà en déclin, plane toujours sur la vie littéraire et artistique en France. Pourtant, les trois artistes et amis décident de s’émanciper de ce mouvement emblématique auquel ils ont pris part, et plus particulièrement de la figure d’André Breton, en proposant des œuvres qui entendent aller au-delà de la pensée surréaliste.
Discursos de la narcocultura en México. Consecuencias de la autoridad fallida del Estado
Authors: ALVAREZ MARTÍNEZ Guadalupe , FLORES DÍAZ Lizarlett 
Published: January 2024

En México, la cultura del narco es el resultado de un proceso de aceptación social de la figura del narcotraficante. Tal situación se produjo por un deterioro paulatino de la legitimidad del Estado Gubernamental que se manifiesta desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX y primera del XXI. Mostraremos cómo la figura del narco se afianzó en el imaginario colectivo, llegando a su cúspide durante la llamada « guerra contra el narco ». En este periodo surgen manifestaciones culturales como respuesta al contexto de violencia, mismas que terminaron por consolidar a la narcocultura como parte inherente de la sociedad.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF GRADUATES
Authors: Sabirova R. , Bolatkyzy D. 
Published: January 2024

Currently, there is no clear, logically structured holistic system of entrepreneurial education in Kazakhstan. It is necessary to change the conceptual approach to teaching entrepreneurship through education. This is explained by the fact that the totality of knowledge is inferior in efficiency to the acquisition of competencies and skills that arise only in the process of independent activity of students.The main purpose of the article is to study the impact of entrepreneurial education on the employment of graduates of Kazakhstani universities and to develop recommendations for the formation of entrepreneurial skills of students through entrepreneurial education for future specialists, which will become a catalyst for the development of the economy of Kazakhstan in the future as entrepreneurs.The methodological basis of the study was system analysis, statistical analysis and questionnaires. Our study combined qualitative and quantitative methods to study graduate employment and graduate entrepreneurship. In particular, a survey was conducted, data on the values and needs of entrepreneurial education and how it can be improved were analyzed. A qualitative approach made it possible to conduct an in-depth analysis of the research problems.Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made to improve the training of Kazakhstani students in terms of entrepreneurial thinking and abilities, and the need for additional research involving university students to present material in the reconstruction of the internal environment of universities was emphasized.
School Health Services Practices in Primary Schools as Reported by Teachers in Wassit and The-Qar Governorate in Iraq
Authors: Sameeha Naser Abed  , Rawaa Kamel Abed  , Fatimah Haran Daham  
Published: January 2024

School health plays an important role in preventive and curative management that will reflect positively on young children, all workers in school, and academic performance. The objective of this study was to assess the school health services practices in primary schools in Wassit and Thi-Qar governorates. A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a self-administered questionnaire to obtain information on the practice of school health services as reported by the schoolteachers. This study was conducted between October 2018 and March 2019. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The result of the study revealed that the statistical significance has been proved for two governorates related to practices therapeutic services (P <0.05) and the practice level was found poor among (71.62%) in Wassit governorate, while the score was observed as good and acceptable (52.7%) in Thi-Qar governorate. Statistical significance has been proved for two governorates related to practices preventive services (p<0.05) and the practice level was found poor among (71.62%) in the Wassit governorate and (59%) in the Thi-Qar governorate. In addition, the result of this study showed that the level of the overall practice of school health services in primary schools was poor (89.46%). The results of this study indicated that there is a weakness in the practice of preventive services in primary schools in two governorates. As observed from the study, the practice of therapeutic services in the Thi-Qar governorate is quite satisfactory and higher than in the Wassit governorate. Therefore, the study concludes that the overall practice of school health services is poor.
The Effects of Polishing Techniques on Surface Roughness of De-flex Denture Base
Authors: Ahmed Hazim Kassoob  , Ihab Nafea Yaseen  
Published: January 2024

Background: Materials are being developed to meet the needs of patients, such as flexible injectable thermoplastic resins that improve the esthetics of patients wearing removable partial dentures.
Aim: To compare the surface roughness of thermoplastic resin materials before and after polishing with different surface treatments.
Materials and methods: A total of 40 circle specimens of De-flex thermoplastic resin with dimensions (30 mm X 2 mm) were divided into four groups according to the surface’s polishing treatment. Each group of material has (10) specimens, the first group was polished with pumice, the second group was polished with pumice and then glazed, the third group was polished with investment (Phosphate bonded investments) and then glaze, and the fourth group was glazed. A digital surface roughness tester meter (TR: 220) device was used to indicate the values of the roughness of specimens before and after surface polishing treatment.
Results: The result of surface roughness using t-test analysis revealed that a significant difference was reported among all the study groups (P < 0.05), the highest mean values were achieved in the group treated by Glaze only (2.6800 0.8439 µm), while the lowest mean values were obtained in the group treated pumice control group (2.4266± 0.5532µm).
Conclusion: It was concluded that surface roughness was decreased in the control group of De-flex material when polished with pumice, while it was increased in the experimental groups after polished with Glaze material. The polishing material (Light Cure Glaze) is significantly rougher than pumice and burning investment materials.
تقويم إدارة المخاطر على وفق إطار التدقيق: دراسة ميدانية (هيئة الإعلام والاتصالات في بغداد)
Authors: Mariam Saleh Hassan  , Shami Ghada 
Published: January 2024

هدفت الدراسة التحقق من تأثير استخدام إطار (COSO) على جودة التدقيق في هيئة الإعلام والاتصالات في بغداد، العراق، استخدمت الدراسة نهجًا كميًا مع تصميم وصفي، تم جمع البيانات باستخدام استبانة تم توزيعها على (N-153) المشاركين. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن إطار COSO يؤثر بشكل إيجابي على جودة المراجعة. في هيئة الإعلام والاتصالات في بغداد. أوصت الباحثـة بالتركيز على إدارة المخاطر ضمن المكونات الخمســة لإطار عمل COSO لأهميتها في تحسين جودة التدقيق وتدريب موظفي أجهزة التدقيق الداخلي لرفع مستوى كفاءتهم من خلال إشراكهم في الدورات التدريبية. كما تمت التوصية بضرورة دعم هيئة التدقيق الداخلي في تبني منهجية موحدة والالتزام بالمعايير الدولية لرفع مستوى مهنة التدقيق الداخلي.
Measuring diameters and velocities of artificial raindrops with a neuromorphic event camera
Authors: Micev Kire , Steiner Jan , Aydin Asude , Rieckermann Jörg , Delbruck Tobi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Hydrometers that measure size and velocity distributions of precipitation are needed for research and corrections of rainfall estimates from weather radars and microwave links. Existing optical disdrometers measure droplet size distributions, but underestimate small raindrops and are impractical for widespread always-on IoT deployment. We study the feasibility of measuring droplet size and velocity using a neuromorphic event camera. These dynamic vision sensors asynchronously output a sparse stream of pixel brightness changes. Droplets falling through the plane of focus of a steeply down-looking camera create events generated by the motion of the droplet across the field of view. Droplet size and speed are inferred from the hourglass-shaped stream of events. Using an improved hard disk arm actuator to reliably generate artificial raindrops with a range of small sizes, our experiments show maximum errors of 7 % (mean absolute percentage error) for droplet sizes from 0.3 to 2.5 mm and speeds from 1.3 to 8.0 m s−1. Measurements with the same setup from a commercial PARSIVEL disdrometer show similar results. Both devices slightly overestimate the small droplet volume with a volume overestimation of 25 % from the event camera measurements and 50 % from the PARSIVEL instrument. Each droplet requires processing of 5000 to 50 000 brightness change events, potentially enabling low-power always-on disdrometers that consume power proportional to the rainfall rate. Data and code are available at the paper website https://sites.google.com/view/dvs-disdrometer/home (Micev et al., 2023).
تقييم استقرارية الإنقطاعات الصخرية الموازية لطريق الميشار بمنطقة بئر الغنم شمالي غرب ليبيا
Authors: الأخضر أبوالقاسم 
Published: January 2024

قطعت المنحدرات الموازية لطريق الميشار لغرض توسعة الطريق، ونتيجة للتوسعة تكشفت انقطاعات صخرية مكونة من حطام صخري، إذ رصدت الزيارات المتكررة لمنطقة بئر الغنم حدوث انهيارات في بعض أماكن تكشف الإنقطاعات الصخرية؛ وتكمن مشكلة البحث في حدوث انهيارات مصدرها الإنقطاعات الصخرية التي تتخلل صخور الجبس، وإن الاستمرار في عدم فهم الأسباب الكامنة وراء حدوث الإنهيارات قد ينتج عنها انهيارات مستقبلية تكون نتائجها كارثية تلحق ضرراً محتملا بمستخدمي الطريق، فكان الهدف العام تقييم ثبات الإنقطاعات الصخرية باستخدام الدراسة الميدانية والمعملية والتي تم من خلالها حساب قيم التماسك الداخلي وزوايا الاحتكاك وأيضا محاكاة ثبات المنحدرات باستخدام برنامج روك بلان من خلال دراسة متغيرين بالغي الأهمية أولهما التغير في كمية المياه إذ قيم ثبات الإنقطاعات مع التغير في ثلاث حالات تشبع داخلي (محتوي العينات من المياه) الناتج عن ثلاث كميات للمياه (الطبيعية mm 30، mm50) وثانيهما التغير قي زاوية ميل المنحدر من الزاوية الطبيعية °35 إلي زاوية قطع °80 وأهم النتائج بينت أن قيمة التماسك الداخلي انخفضت من 8.3 t/m2 بنسبة تشبع 9.9% الى 5.2 t/m2 بنسبة تشبع 16% لتكون مؤشراً على تأثير التشبع الداخلي بالمياه في التقليل من تماسك مكونات المنحدر، وتبين أن المنحدر حالة ثبات عند زاوية ميل °35 على عكس زاوية القطع °80، والتي سيطرت فيها القوة الدافعة وانعدمت فيها القوة المقاومة، فحدث الإنهيار بمعامل أمان 0 وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة محاكاة الظروف الطبيعية التي تؤثر على المنحدر قبل الشروع في عملية قطع المنحدرات.
Evaluating Funding for Authors Achieving High Citations vs. Online Popularity
Authors: Farivar Daniel , Vadhera Amar S. , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Skaggs David L. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
The Altmetric score is a validated tool that measures online attention of scientific studies. A relationship between government/industry funding for authors and their study's citations have been previously demonstrated. It is not known whether funding is related to greater online attention. We hypothesize authors publishing studies achieving greater online attention (higher Altmetric scores) receive greater monetary support from industry while authors publishing studies achieving critical acclaim (more citations) receive greater monetary support from the National Institute of Health (NIH).

Methods:
Top spine surgery studies between 2010 and 2021 were selected based on Altmetric scores and citation number. The Open Payments Database was accessed to evaluate industry financial relationships while the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool was accessed to evaluate NIH funding. Payments were compared between groups and analyzed with the Student t-test, analysis of variance, and chi square analysis. Alpha <0.05.

Results:
There were 60 and 51 authors with payment data in the top 50 Altmetric and top 50 citation studies, respectively, with eight authors having studies in both groups. Total industry payments between groups were not markedly different. The eight authors with studies in both groups received markedly more industry payments for consulting, travel/lodging, and faculty/speaking fees. Authors with articles in both groups (50%) were significantly more likely to receive NIH support, compared with authors of the top Altmetric articles (5%; P < 0.001) and top citation articles (12%; P < 0.001). Authors receiving NIH support received significantly less industry payments compared with authors not receiving NIH support ($148,544 versus $2,159,526; P < 0.001).

Discussion:
These findings reject our hypothesis: no notable differences for industry payments and NIH funding between authors for top Altmetric and citation studies. Authors receiving funding from industry versus the NIH are generally two distinct groups, but there is a small group supported by both. These studies achieve both critical acclaim (citations) and online popularity (Altmetric scores).

Data availability:
Data can be available on reasonable request.