bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Association Studies meta-analysis uncovers NOJO and SGS3 novel genes involved in Arabidopsis thaliana primary root development and plasticity
Authors: López-Ruíz Brenda Anabel , García-Ponce Berenice , Sánchez María de la Paz , Álvarez-Buylla Elena , Urrutia Araxi O. , Garay-Arroyo Adriana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Arabidopsis thaliana primary root growth has become a model for evo-devo studies due to its simplicity and facility to record cell proliferation and differentiation. To identify new genetic components relevant to primary root growth, we used a Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) meta-analysis approach using data published in the last decade. In this work, we performed intra and inter-studies analyses to discover new genetic components that could participate in primary root growth. We used 639 accessions from nine different studies and performed different GWAS tests. We found that primary root growth changes were associated with 41 genes, of which six (14.6%) have been previously described as inhibitors or promoters of primary root growth. The knockdown lines of two genes, Suppressor of Gene Silencing (SGS3), involved in tasiRNA processing, and a gene with a Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) motif named NOJOCH MOOTS (NOJO), confirmed their role as repressors of primary root growth. As none has been shown to participate in this developmental process before, our GWAS analysis identified new genes that participate in primary root growth.
Temporalis Muscle Thickness as a Prognostic Factor for 30-day, 90-day, and Overall Mortality in Newly-Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Abouelleil Mohamed , Nabulsi Omar , Chandra Ankush , Massie Lara , Mansour Tarek , Mustaquim Momina , Macki Mohamed , Walbert Tobias , Robin Adam , Griffith Brent , Chang Victor , Kalkanis Steven N. , Lee Ian Y. , Zakaria Hesham Mostafa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma (GBM) can guide clinicians and patients in treatment approaches. Frailty, as measured by sarcopenia, has been proven to predict overall survival in other oncologic processes.
Objective
We evaluated whether sarcopenia, as measured by temporalis muscle thickness, predicted survival in GBM, and we compared its accuracy to other survival markers.
Methods
A prospective GBM database identified 257 patients undergoing initial diagnostic surgery. Sarcopenia was quantified by temporalis muscle thickness and grouped into tertiles. Mortality hazard ratios were calculated using multivariate analysis.
Results
After multivariate analysis, sarcopenia at the time of initial surgery was the only factor associated with mortality at 30 days postoperatively (OR 0.10, P = 0.030). Sarcopenia at initial surgery predicted 90-day postoperative mortality; the most sarcopenic patients (1st tertile) had greater mortality than those in the 2nd (OR 0.28, P = 0.021) and 3rd tertiles (OR 0.04, P = 0.003). Sarcopenia predicted overall mortality, greater in the 1st tertile than the 2nd (OR 0.41, P < 0.001) and 3rd tertiles (OR 0.41, P < 0.001). Sarcopenia compared favorably to other predictors of mortality, including initiation of postoperative temozolomide and radiation treatment (OR 0.27, P < 0.001), gross total resection (OR 0.54, P = 0.007), and MGMT methylation status (OR 0.44, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves represent differences in survival (Log-Rank p < 0.001)
Conclusions
Sarcopenia predicts postoperative 30-day, 90-day, and overall survival from diagnosis in GBM. The frailty/sarcopenia paradigm is independent of patient demographic, oncologic, genetic, surgical, and therapeutic factors. Temporalis muscle thickness assessment provides a simple method to help guide treatment decisions in this population.
Urban Transport Dynamics During COVID-19: Examining Subway Ridership and Road Congestion Trends in Beijing Amidst Varied Built Environments
Authors: Cui Ziruo , Xue Gang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subway ridership and road congestion in Beijing, with a specific focus on the moderating role of the built environment. Utilizing panel data regression models, our analysis encompasses the daily average subway ridership at 157 stations over 366 days, alongside corresponding average congestion indices. The study integrates a comprehensive set of variables including COVID-19 case numbers, public search trends, various emergency response levels, and control variables such as the density of work, residence, and entertainment tourism areas. Our findings reveal a significant downturn in subway ridership and a decrease in road congestion during the pandemic, with these effects being more pronounced in high-density residential and commercial areas. The study indicates that the built environment plays a crucial role in shaping travel patterns during such a public health crisis. Specifically, areas with high work and residential density experienced a substantial reduction in subway usage, while regions with elevated entertainment and tourism density witnessed an increase in private vehicle usage. The temporal analysis of the data presents further insights. The initial stages of the pandemic saw a steep decline in subway ridership, suggesting an immediate reaction to the outbreak and associated restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, there was evidence of gradual adaptation in travel behavior, with a slow recovery in subway ridership and changes in road congestion patterns. Moreover, the study highlights the varying impact of COVID-19 across different stages of the pandemic. In the early phase, stringent lockdown measures and high public fear significantly influenced mobility patterns. However, in the later stages, as the public adapted to the ‘new normal,’ there was a notable shift in travel preferences, with a gradual return to public transit and changes in congestion levels. Overall, this research provides comprehensive insights into how a global health crisis can reshape urban transportation dynamics. It underscores the necessity for adaptive urban planning and policy-making that can effectively respond to such unprecedented challenges, taking into consideration the diverse needs of different urban areas and stages of public health emergencies.
Treatment of Primary Cardiac Tumors in Children: A Single Center 18-Year Experience
Authors: Lee OK Jeong , Park Ilkun , Yang Ji-Hyuk , Kang I Seok , Huh Jun , Song Jinyoung , Jun Tae-Gook 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and courses of pediatric patients with cardiac tumors in nonoperative and operative groups to help guide treatment decisions. We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with primary pediatric cardiac tumors at our institution between 2003 and 2020. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and follow-up data between the operation and nonoperation groups were compared. A total of 56 patients were included in the study. Thirteen patients underwent surgery. The median age was 1.4 months (range, 1 to 18 years). The patients in the operation group had more frequent symptoms or signs, such as desaturation, respiratory difficulty, murmur, a higher mass area /chamber area (MC) ratio, decreased ventricular contractility, and significant obstruction of the flow tract. An MC ratio of 0.568 was the cutoff value for differentiating patients with symptoms or signs of heart failure and decreased ventricular contractility. At the last follow-up, all patients had good ventricular contractility except one patient in the operative group with fibroma. Two patients in the nonoperative group died. Surgery-related mortality or tumor recurrence were not observed. Among pediatric patients with primary cardiac tumors, those with symptoms or signs of heart failure, a high MC ratio, decreased ventricular contractility, and significant flow tract obstruction or embolic risk may be candidates for surgery. In this study, patients had good outcomes with or without surgery, even when the tumor was large, or surgery was performed in early infancy.
Cloning and functional identification of anthocyanin synthesis-regulating transcription factor AaMYB4 in Aeonium arboreum ‘Halloween’
Authors: Zhao Rong , Li Su-Hua , Han Hao-Zhang , Zhang Li-Hua , Wang Fang , Zhang Nan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Succulents are widely appreciated for indoor decoration, primarily due to their vibrant leaf colors. However, the underlying mechanisms of leaf color development in succulents remain largely unexplored. In this study, we isolated AaMYB4, an MYB transcription factor that represses anthocyanin synthesis, from an ornamental succulent, Aeonium arboreum 'Halloween'. Our study employed 'Halloween' leaves for experimental analysis, incorporating gene cloning, bioinformatics, functional validation of transgenes, and yeast two-hybrid assays to investigate AaMYB4's role. The finding revealed that the full-length Open Reading Frame (ORF) of AaMYB4 spans 825 base pairs, encoding 274 amino acids. Phylogenetic analyses suggest AaMYB4 as a transcription factor suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of protein sequences revealed that AaMYB4 functions as an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, characterized by a typical repressive EAR motif. AaMYB4 was cloned into Arabidopsis by inflorescence infestation. The WT and stably overexpressing AaMYB4 T2-generation Arabidopsis were subsequently grown under stress conditions including nitrogen deficiency, high light exposure, 6% sucrose, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The results indicated that the anthocyanin content was significantly reduced in AaMYB4 overexpressing Arabidopsis compared with the WT under the four treatments described above, and the structural genes for anthocyanin synthesis were down-regulated in the AaMYB4 transgenic Arabidopsis. Moreover, the expression levels of the positively regulated MYB and bHLH transcription factors involved in anthocyanin synthesis, specifically AtPAP1 and AtTT8, exhibited a significant downregulation in Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed no interaction between AaMYB4 and AaTT8, and the AaMYB4 protein itself can interact. This research confirms AaMYB4's role in inhibiting anthocyanin synthesis in 'Halloween' leaves, enriching our understanding of the molecular basis of leaf color formation in succulents. Additionally, it offers valuable genetic insights for developing new 'Halloween' colorful leaf varieties.
Developing a reliable and practical multi-domain model to facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD in older preschool children
Authors: Chen I-Chun , Chang Che-Lun , Chang Meng-Han , Ko Li-Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A multi-method, multi-informant approach is emphasized for the evaluations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in preschool children due to the complexity and challenges of diagnosis at this stage. Most artificial intelligence (AI) studies on the automated detection of ADHD used a single type of data. This study aims to create a reliable multimodal AI-detection system for facilitating the diagnosis of ADHD among older preschool children. 78 older preschool children were recruited; 43 (mean age: 68.07 ± 6.19 months) of them were diagnosed with ADHD and 35 (mean age: 67.40 ± 5.44 months) of them were with typical development (TD). Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods were adopted to develop three individual predictive models by using electroencephalography (EEG) data recording with a wearable wireless device, scores of the computerized attention assessment via Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT), and ratings of the ADHD-related symptom scales; finally, one ensemble model was merged. The results suggest that teacher ratings, K-CPT reaction time, and occipital high-frequency EEG band power values are significant features in identifying older preschool children with ADHD, and the ensemble model can achieve an accuracy of 0.974. The present study can respond to the three issues in most ADHD-related AI studies: the utility of wearable technologies, databases derived from different types of ADHD diagnostic instruments, and appropriate interpretability of the models. This established multimodal system can be reliable and practical in discriminating ADHD from TD and further facilitate the clinical diagnosis of preschool ADHD.
Relationships between yield and agronomic traits among geographic groups of barley landraces grown under high yielding conditions
Authors: Hoebe P. N. , Alegria-Terrazas R. , Hoad S. P. , Topp C. F.E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Future crop production needs to deliver sustained yield increase in important crops such as barley. Although significant progress has been made over the last century in improving yields, in the last few decades yield improvement has stagnated. Morphological traits related to yield from a wide genetic base can be explored to identify novel variation to support future plant breeding. This includes exploitation of traits and yield association for developing varieties with more consistent yield.
We investigated the strength of the association between yield (grain yield, thousand grain weight) and related agronomic traits (seed number, height, ear number, flag leaf width and length, ear length). This was done among groups of European barley landrace from different geographic origins and Harlan composite cross populations compared to modern cultivars grown under a common high yield test protocol. Relationship of agronomic traits and yield were assessed for each group across environments and years. There were significant relationships between yield and morphological traits among landrace and other groups and between 2 and 6 rowed ear habit.
Traits most strongly associated with grain yield were number of ears, plant height, flag leaf width and seeds per ear.
Grain size as thousand grain weight was correlated with number of ears, ear length, seeds per ear, flag leaf width and plant height.
We conclude that phenotypic relationships between yield and agronomic traits among barley landraces could be exploited for enhancing yield and sustainable production in future barley breeding.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and computational techniques (DFT, HSA, ELF) Studies of a New 2- Ethylanilinium Phosphite[CH3CH2C6H4NH3]PO3
Authors: Belhabra M. , Zerraf S. , Ouasri A. , Makhloufy S. El , Elmehdi M. , Belghiti M. E. , Zeroual A. , Syed A. , Wang Shifa , Belaaouad S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chemical preparation, crystal structure characterization, and computational techniques (DFT, HAS, and ELF) provided a comprehensive characterization of the structural, electronic, and intermolecular interaction properties for the new synthesized crystal, 2-ethylanilinium phosphite [CH3CH2C6H4NH3]PO3, abbreviated as C8H12NH2PO3.This organic-inorganic phosphite was synthesized by reaction of phosphorous acid H3PO3with a solution of N,N-Dimethylaniline C8H11N. Single crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis shows that this compound crystallizes in the triclinic system with P-1(Z=2)space group, and the unit cell parameters: a=4.6042(2) Å; b=10.3863(4) Å c=10.7848(5) Å, a=90.115(3)°,β=97.878(3)°, g=98.462(3)°, V=505.18(4) Å3. The structure refinement is made by the least-squares method with full matrix at R = 0.036, and wR2 = 0.109 for 1989 independent reflections. In the title structure, anions [H2PO3]- and cations [CH3CH2C6H4NH3]+ are linked together by medium to strong hydrogen bonds, forming a 3D-complex network, which ensures the structural cohesion. A comparative study using standard deviation (SD) among bond lengths and angles, obtained by X-ray diffraction and DFT minimized geometrical descriptors using a B3LYP/lanl2dz/scrf=(solvent=water) /pop=(nbo, savenbos) basis set, which leads to calculate the SD average percentage at (+4.99%) for Bond lengths and at (+2.014%)for Angles. 3D-MEPs and the FMO (HOMO/LUMO) were used to assess the Local and Global reactivity for C8H12NH2PO3. Molecular orbital contributions are evaluated by DOS (Density of States). The intermolecular interactions properties were determined for C8H12NH2PO3 by Hirshfeld surface analyses (HSA). The HSA results indicate that N–H⋯O & O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds are the primary intermolecular interactions responsible for stabilizing the crystal structure of this particular supramolecular assembly. The combined experimental and computational approach allowed a detailed understanding of the synthesized material at the molecular and crystalline level.
Comparative Study of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for PTSD
Authors: Akhtar Shammem 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic stress disorder is a severe and multifarious anxiety disorder precipitated by exposure to psychotically stressful events, it occur 5 to 10 % in population (Yehuda et al., 2015). And it is characterized by constant disturbing memories about the traumatic event, consisting escaping of stimuli associated with the disturbance and persistent symptoms of increased stimulation. PTSD is triggered by either bodily trauma or psychological trauma, can be both (APA, 2013). Among the sufferers of traumas I-e traffic accidents, earth quake, floods, rape, from all psychological problems, PTSD is more frequent (Huang, et al., 2010).
OBJECTIVEV: The objective of the present study was to Analyzing effectiveness of cognitive therapy and (EMDR) behavior therapy for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder among PTSD patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The purposive sampling method was used, Sample consist on thirty known Post traumatic stress disorder, taken from Nishtar Hospital Multan from july 2022 to December 2023. Mississippi Scale for Combat Related Post Traumatic Stress disorder scale (Keane et al., 1988) was used to measure the degree of post-traumatic stress disorder. Three groups made as group one (A) ten patients provided cognitive therapy. Second ten groups (B) provided eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Third group made as control.
RESULTS: SPSS 26 version and t independent test used to know the significance of therapy effectiveness. Results showed significant difference in experimental group who provided cognitive behavior therapy (t=-3.588, df=18, p>0.05).Systematic desensitization for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (t=--2.527, df=18, p=0.05) concluded.
CONCLUSION: cognitive behavior therapy is more effective for the rapid and better management of PTSD.
Cholesterol and Vitamin D and the Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Liu Xiaohu , Zhou Xiaoting , Wang Jiao , Cai Aiqi , Zhang Yinhong , Zhang Jinman , Wu Ze , Zhu Baosheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is becoming an increasingly substantial societal burden which affects 0.3–10.8% of pregnant women. Observational studies have investigated the impact of cholesterol and vitamin D on HG. However, the causality of associations among vitamin D, cholesterol and HG remains unknown.
Methods
We employed Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and Multivariable MR (MVMR) to investigate the causal associations between cholesterol, vitamin D and HG. The causality was mainly evaluated by inverse variance weighted method (IVW), meanwhile sensitivity analysis was performed by Cochrane Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, Funnel plot and Leave-one-out method. Bonferroni correction was used to determine causal association characteristics. Estimates from two different vitamin D sources were combined using the Fixed-effects meta-analysis methods.
Results
Our Two-sample MR results identified the effect of genetically predicted decreased vitamin D levels on increased genetic susceptibility to HG (p = 0.0006, OR:0.63, 95%CI:0.49–0.82). Our results also indicating that genetically predicted hypercholesterolemia contributes to increased genetic susceptibility to HG (p = 0.014; OR:1.24, 95%CI:1.04–1.48). However, in the MVMR analysis with hypercholesterolemia and vitamin D as co-variables, the causal relationship between hypercholesterolemia and HG was no longer significant (p = 0.479, OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.87–1.36), and the causal relationship between vitamin D and HG did not show significant changes (p = 0.012, OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.89). Sensitivity analyses were used to confirm the reliability.
Conclusion
This study provided evidence of a causal relationship between vitamin D and HG. Appropriate vitamin D supplementation have the potential to serve as a preventive and treatment measure for HG.
Early hint of mNGS and CNVs, an occult case of leptomeningeal metastasis with rapid cognitive decline
Authors: Chen Xueqin , Zheng Haotao , Wang Taoli , Feng Ziyang , Wang Jia , Liu Yangsicheng , Qin Wenxin , Qin Xiude , Kong Fanxin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer may develop leptomeningeal metastasis during the terminal stage, significantly shortening the survival time of patients. Therefore, early detection and treatment are critical for improving the prognosis of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. However, heterogeneous clinical manifestations, non-specific imaging, and limited sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid cytology posed challenges to identifying leptomeningeal metastasis in the early stage of cancer.
Case presentation: Here we reported a case of lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR L858R mutation complained of rapid cognitive decline, whose magnetic resonance imaging showed interstitial brain edema. Under the circumstances of negative cerebrospinal fluid cytology, metagenome next-generation sequencing combined with Copy-number variations analysis was applied to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid for information on pathogenic microorganisms and chromosomes’ copy number, which indicated leptomeningeal metastasis and was confirmed in the subsequent cytology.
Conclusion: MNGS and CNVs of cerebrospinal fluid should be conducted when cancer patients come with unexplained neurological symptoms. Physicians should promptly distinguish leptomeningeal metastasis and initiate anti-tumor therapy to reduce brain damage and prolong the patient's survival period.
Interplay Between Neutrino Kicks and Hydrodynamic
Kicks of Neutron Stars and Black Holes
Authors: Janka Hans-Thomas , Kresse Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Neutron stars (NSs) are observed with high space velocities and elliptical orbits in binaries. The magnitude of these effects points to natal kicks that originate from asymmetries during the supernova (SN) explosions. Using a growing set of long-time 3D SN simulations with the Prometheus-Vertex code, we explore the interplay of NS kicks that are induced by asymmetric neutrino emission and by asymmetric mass ejection. Anisotropic neutrino emission can arise from a large-amplitude dipolar convection asymmetry inside the proto-NS (PNS) termed LESA (Lepton-number Emission Self-sustained Asymmetry), which determines the kicks of NSs born from stars near the low-mass end of SN progenitors. In more massive progenitors aspherical accretion downflows around the PNS can also lead to anisotropic neutrino emission (absorption) with a neutrino-induced NS kick roughly opposite to (aligned with) the kick by asymmetric mass ejection. We estimate upper bounds for the final neutrino kicks of 150–260kms−1, whereas the hydrodynamic kicks can reach up to more than 1300kms−1. Therefore the hydrodynamic kicks dominate for NSs from explosions of higher-mass progenitors, whereas the neutrino kicks dominate in the case of NSs from the lowest-mass progenitors. Our models suggest that the Crab pulsar as a representative of the latter category could have received its velocity of ∼160kms−1 by a neutrino kick due to the LESA asymmetry. Such neutrino kicks of 100–200kms−1 define a nearly ubiquitous floor value, which may shed new light on the origin of pulsars in globular clusters. Black holes, if formed by the collapse of short-lived PNSs and solely kicked by anisotropic neutrino emission, obtain velocities of only some kms−1.