bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste powder at moderate pressure and temperature
Authors: Mishra S. , Goje A. S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe reaction of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste (PETW) powder with ethylene glycol (EG) was carried out in a batch reactor at 2 atm of pressure and a 220°C temperature. The particle size range of 50–512.5 μm and the reaction time of 40–180 min that are required for glycolysis of PETW were optimized. To avoid the carbonization and oxidation of reactants and reaction products and to reduce corrosion, the reaction was undertaken below 250°C using a lower reaction time. To increase the yield of dimethyl terephthalate and EG, an external catalyst was introduced during the reaction. The degree of depolymerization of PETW was proportional to the reaction time. The reaction rate was found to depend on the concentrations of liquid EG and of ethylene diester groups in the polyester. A kinetic model was used for the reaction was found to be consistent with experimental data. The rate constant was inversely proportional to the reaction time, as well as the particle size, of PETW. The degree of depolymerization of PETW was inversely proportional to the particle size of PETW. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1569–1573, 2003
Synthesis of amphiphilic polyurethane nanonetwork particles and their application for the soil‐washing process
Authors: Kim Ju‐Young , Shim Sun‐Bo , Shim Jin‐Kie 
Published: January 2003

AbstractNanosized amphiphilic polyurethane (APU) particles synthesized on the basis of amphiphilic urethane acrylate nonionomers could solubilize phenanthrene within their hydrophobic interiors in the same way that surfactant micelles do in the aqueous phase. At low concentrations of APU or Triton X‐100 in the aqueous phase, APU particles exhibited a greater extraction efficiency of sorbed phenanthrene than did the Triton X‐100 aqueous pseudophase. At higher APU particle and Triton X‐100 doses in aqueous solution, the extraction efficiency of the APU aqueous solution was almost same as that of the Triton X‐100 aqueous solution, even though APU particles exhibited a lower solubilizing efficiency than Triton X‐100 micelles in the absence of aquifer soil. This was because APU particles have a relatively low degree of sorption on aquifer sand because of their chemically crosslinked structure. APU particles could be also recovered at a rate of 100% through an ultrafiltration process at a greater pore size of the separation membrane, which would make soil washing with APU particles more economical and useful in practical applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1666–1677, 2003
Dyadic processes of disclosure and reciprocity in bargaining with communication
Authors: McGinn Kathleen L. , Thompson Leigh , Bazerman Max H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe offer a study revealing the mechanisms through which communication helps actual bargaining behavior outperform economic predictions. The possibility of individually strategic behavior in the presence of private information leads to game‐theoretic predictions of less than full efficiency. We present a one‐stage, simultaneous offers bargaining game in which buyers and sellers have independent, privately held valuations for the item being sold (i.e. a bilateral auction with two‐sided private information). In three communication treatments, parties are: (a) allowed face‐to‐face communication prior to submitting offers; (b) allowed written communication prior to submitting offers; or (c) allowed no‐communication prior to submitting offers. When parties are allowed pre‐play communication, we find nearly full efficiency (98%). We examine two systematically predictable aspects of dyadic interaction—disclosure and reciprocity—to explain how negotiators achieve this efficiency. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘There but for the grace …?’ Developing multi‐disciplinary training following a local child death inquiry
Authors: Lawson Brian , Masson Helen , Milner Judith 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis article describes the process of planning and running a training course for multi‐disciplinary professionals in the wake of a local child death inquiry. The factors which influenced the content and management of the training experience are discussed, in particular the trainers' determination to encourage course participants to develop practice foresight rather than defensive reactions to what had emerged in the inquiry's findings. How the course was received by the practitioners, the work that was accomplished and the impact on the trainers of running a course in such circumstances are then highlighted. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatal child abuse—how preventable is it?
Authors: Creighton Susan J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractInfant and child homicide rates have remained stable over the last 20 years. They represent the most visible part of the spectrum of fatal child abuse. By contrast, infant mortality and child deaths from accidents and SIDS have all declined. The prevention strategies used to combat these deaths would appear to have been more successful than the protection strategies used against child abuse deaths. International comparisons of infant homicide rates have shown that measures of family stress, available resources and the cultural variables of low status of women and the culture of violence were all associated with increased infant homicide rates. The paper argues for a change in our culture towards children to prevent fatal child abuse. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coronary flow reserve correlates left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Teragaki Masakazu , Yanagi Shiro , Toda Iku , Sakamoto Kazuo , Hirota Kazuyoshi , Takeuchi Kazuhide , Yoshikawa Junichi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe relationship between altered coronary circulation and left ventricular (LV) function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. We used the Doppler guidewire and transthoracic echo Doppler in 24 DCM patients to investigate the relationship between coronary flow reserve (CFR) and LV systolic/diastolic function, trying to predict diastolic dysfunction and evaluate DCM severity with CFR. CFR correlated better with the deceleration time (DT) of the E‐wave and the ratio of E‐wave peak value to that of the A‐wave (E/A) than with LV ejection fraction (EF). The optimal CFR cutoff value for predicting the restrictive pattern of transmitral flow velocity (DT = 120 msec) was 2.6 (sensitivity 91%, specificity 100%). Dividing patients into two groups around the CFR = 2.6 cutoff, differences in DT and E/A between groups were more prominent than those for EF. CFR correlates better with LV diastolic than systolic function and may be useful for predicting diastolic dysfunction in DCM patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:43–50. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous bare Z‐stent implantation as an alternative to surgery for acute aortic dissection with visceral ischemia
Authors: Ito Naoki , Tsunoda Taro , Nakamura Masato , Iijima Raisuke , Matsuda Ken‐ichi , Suzuki Tomotake , Takagi Takuro , Hirai Hironori , Yamaguchi Tetsu 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe describe a case of Stanford type B acute aortic dissection causing visceral ischemia. An aortogram showed an hourglass‐like narrowing of the true lumen at the diaphragm with a 60 mm Hg pressure gradient. Placement of a self‐expanding metallic Z‐stent under intravascular ultrasound guidance restored blood flow to the viscera. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:95–100. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eptifibatide‐induced acute profound thrombocytopenia presenting as refractory hypotension
Authors: Rezkalla Shereif H. , Hayes John J. , Curtis Brian R. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA 61‐year‐old woman presented with acute coronary syndrome and was given heparin and eptifibatide in conjunction with coronary angioplasty. Shortly thereafter she became profoundly thrombocytopenic (platelets 2.0 × 109/L) and developed severe refractory hypotension. Heparin‐induced antibodies were not detected, but the patient developed strong eptifibatide‐dependent antibodies specific for platelets that appear to explain both the thrombocytopenia and the hypotensive episode. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:76–79. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac troponin I is increased after interventional closure of atrial septal defects
Authors: Pees Christiane , Haas Nikolaus A. , von der Beek Joachim , Ewert Peter , Berger Felix , Lange Peter E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to assess possible myocardial injury caused by interventional closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) compared to diagnostic catheterization by measuring cardiac troponin I (cTn‐I). Forty patients were enrolled; in 33 ASDs were successfully closed, while in 7 a diagnostic balloon sizing of the defect was performed only. Total cTn‐I increased significantly from 0.1 to 1.9 μg/l at the end of the intervention and 2.23 at 4 hr and decreased to 1.35 at 15 hr. No significant increase could be detected in patients with diagnostic balloon sizing only or of CK/CK‐MB levels either. Following interventional closure of ASDs with Amplatzer septum/PFO occluders, increased cTn‐I levels for several hours indicate some transient, reversible myocardial membrane instability due to the device. Discrimination of ventricular myocardial infarction might be possible by estimating less sensitive CK and CK‐MB levels only. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:124–129. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early development of the Drosophila brain: III. The pattern of neuropile founder tracts during the larval period
Authors: Nassif Claude , Noveen Alexander , Hartenstein Volker 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe Drosophila N‐CAM homolog Fasciclin II (FasII) is expressed during the embryonic period in a subset of central neurons that pioneer the neuropile of the larval brain. Toward the end of embryogenesis, FasII expression in axon tracts diminishes but resumes from the late first larval instar in an increasingly complex pattern of axon tracts that join the tracts laid down in the embryo. We present evidence that FasII is expressed in a major fraction of the long axon tracts that interconnect different domains of the larval brain. For many tracts, FasII expression remains stable throughout larval development and pupal development. Therefore, the FasII pattern of axon tracts, along with the mushroom body and optic lobe, both of which are also FasII‐positive, represents a useful set of landmarks that define different regions in the Drosophila brain throughout development. In this study, serial confocal brain sections were used to generate digital three‐dimensional models of larval axon tracts at different stages. These models form part of our effort to generate an anatomic framework of Drosophila larval brain structure required for accurate localization of gene expression and gene function in experimental studies of neural development. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:417–434, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fluorescent extension to the Kubelka–Munk model
Authors: Shakespeare Tarja , Shakespeare John 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTraditionally, single constant Kubelka–Munk‐type colorant formulation algorithms have been used for color control in the paper industry. One of the limitations of the Kubelka–Munk approaches is that they neglect fluorescence phenomena and the interdependence of absorption and scattering. In this article, an extended phenomenologic model is derived, incorporating fluorescence and interdependence of absorption and scattering. This model predicts illuminator‐independent radiance transfer factors based on dye‐on‐fiber, from which the total radiance factor responses under arbitrary illumination can be computed. Illuminator‐independent responses to changes in colorant concentration can also be modeled, allowing control of illuminator metamerism in coloring processes with fluorescent colorants. This method requires spectrofluorimetric (two‐monochromator method) measurements to characterize the coloring process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 4–14, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Interobserver variability and color representation systems
Authors: Ezquerro J. M. , Carreño F. , Zoido J. M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA systematic method of analyzing the colorimetric behavior of a set of observers is proposed. The differences between each observer and a standard one are analyzed with different procedures in two color‐representation systems. It is apparent that these differences strongly depend on the color‐representation system in which they are analyzed. Results obtained in this work indicate that comparison between two observers should be carried out by applying an optimized operator. This operator minimizes the differences between the color‐representation systems associated with the observers that are compared. The proposed method should be applied when color‐matching properties of a set of observers, or when color matching obtained with different colorimetric instruments, are compared. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 15–24, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Color change due to surface state modification
Authors: Simonot Lionel , Elias Mady 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe dependence of color on the surface state of an object is calculated in the context of spectrophotometric measurements in a back‐scattering configuration. A modification of the surface roughness leads to a vertical shift of the reflectance spectrum. This translation is related, on a physical basis, to the relevant characteristic of the topography: the ratio h/l (ie, r.m.s. roughness/surface correlation length). Changes in L*a*b* colorimetric coordinates associated with this translation are computed. Finally, the color change ΔE is related to the surface state modification via the ratio h/l. Computations show that the color becomes lighter and less saturated when the surface becomes rougher. The color change is more important for dark or saturated initial objects, and also more important for a yellow surface than for a blue one. Finally, the minimum roughness modification that can induce a visible color change is determined. These results could be applied for industrial needs (quality control), or in the artistic field of conservation or restoration (to follow the color of paintings). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 45–49, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Tumor imprint cytology of sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary
Authors: Mikami Mikio , Fukuchi Takeshi , Takehara Kyoko , Komiyama Shinichi , Suzuki Atsushi , Hirose Takanori 
Published: January 2003

AbstractOver 90 cases of sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary (SST) have been reported in the English‐language literature, but these authors did not mention the cytologic examination of SST. In 2 patients with SST, we were able to collect specimens for tumor imprint cytology. The number of cells in the specimens was extremely small. Two types of benign cells were observed against a clean background, comprising cells with round nuclei surrounded by abundant cytoplasm and cells with spindle‐shaped or oval nuclei that had scanty cytoplasm. Our present findings suggest that intraoperative imprint cytology was able to rule out cancer. Considering that SST most commonly occurs in young women requiring conservative treatment, imprint cytology seems to have a potential diagnostic significance. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:54–57. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes: Comparison with metastatic squamous‐cell carcinoma, and Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Kollur Sharanamma M. , El Hag Imad Abdien 
Published: January 2003

AbstractOur objective was to study the cytomorphological features of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as compared to squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) of nonnasopharyngeal origin, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), and non‐Hodgkin's (NHL) lymphoma in the neck lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to find simple cytological criteria using routine stains that can help in differentiating between these entities. All fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears of metastatic NPC, SCC, HL, and NHL from neck nodes available in our files were included in this study. Nodal disease was the first clinical manifestation in all cases of NPC, and all the lesions were of the nonkeratinizing type. The cytomorphological features of metastatic NPC, SCC, HL, and NHL have been described. Metastatic NPC and HL had a similar reactive lymphoid background, with eosinophils, plasma cells, and sometimes epithelioid‐cell granulomas. The bizarre cells of NPC showed some resemblance to Reed‐Sternberg cells of HL. However, the latter can be distinguished from the former on the basis of bulky, pale gray, vacuolated cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with sharply demarcated prominent macronucleoli. In NPC, the neoplastic cells form distinct aggregates contrasting with the normal lymphoid cells in the background, which was different from the monotonous dispersed population of cells in NHL. Moreover, bizarre cells, prominent nucleoli, and the presence of plasma cells, eosinophils, and granulomas were not common features of NHL. The smears of metastatic SCC revealed keratinized malignant cells in all cases, while eosinophils and plasma cells were absent in the background. Plasma cells were seen intimately related to tumor cells in all cases of NPC. In conclusion, metastatic NPC can be differentiated from metastatic SCC of nonnasopharyngeal origin, HL, and NHL on the basis of simple nuclear and cytoplasmic features of malignant cells and their background. The presence of plasma cells intermingling with tumor‐cell clusters is a good indicator of nasopharyngeal origin. On the other hand, a nasopharyngeal origin is unlikely in the presence of keratinized malignant cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:18–22. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopusmuscle development: From primary to secondary myogenesis
Authors: Chanoine Christophe , Hardy Serge 
Published: January 2003

AbstractXenopusmyogenesis is characterized by specific features, different from those of mammalian and avian systems both at the cellular level and in gene expression patterns. During early embryogenesis, after the initial molecular signals inducing mesoderm, the myogenic determination factors XMyoD and XMyf‐5 are activated in presomitic mesoderm in response to mesoderm‐inducing factors. After these first inductions of the myogenic program, forming muscles inXenopuscan have different destinies, some of these resulting in cell death before adulthood. In particular, it is quite characteristic of this species that, during metamorphosis, the primary myotomal myofibers completely die and are progressively replaced by secondary “adult” multinucleated myofibers. This feature offers the unique opportunity to totally separate the molecular analysis of these two distinct types of myogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular events as well as the epigenetic regulations involved in the construction ofXenopusmuscles during development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted disruption of mouse Dach1 results in postnatal lethality
Authors: Backman Mattias , Machon Ondrej , Van Den Bout Christiaan J. , Krauss Stefan 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMouse Dach1 is a nuclear factor that is expressed during development in restricted areas of the central nervous system, neural crest, and limb buds. Its Drosophila homologue dachshund plays a role in differentiation of the eye imaginal disc, in leg morphogenesis, and in controlling neural differentiation in the mushroom bodies of the insect brain. Mouse Dach1 null homozygous survive pregnancy but become cyanotic after birth and subsequently die within 24 hr. In this report, the brain of Dach1 mutants was analyzed. Examination of mRNA expression of the central neuropeptides oxytocin, vasopressin, thyrotropin‐releasing hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, and somatostatin revealed no difference between wild‐type and mutant newborn brains. Furthermore, no significant difference in cell proliferation as well as in the distribution of neurons, glia, radial glia, and neuronal progenitors was detected in the developing forebrain. Dach1‐positive cells, which were visualized with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP), show similar distribution and axonal projections in the cortex and hippocampus in mutants and wild‐type controls. Neural stem cells derived from mutant and wild‐type newborn brains display similar growth kinetics when cultivated in vitro. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated classification of short echo time in in vivo 1H brain tumor spectra: A multicenter study
Authors: Tate A. Rosemary , Majós Carles , Moreno Angel , Howe Franklyn A. , Griffiths John R. , Arús Carles 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAutomated pattern recognition techniques are needed to help radiologists categorize MRS data of brain tumors according to histological type and grade. A major question is whether a computer program “trained” on spectra from one hospital will be able to classify those from another, particularly if the acquisition protocol is different. A subset of 144 histopathologically validated brain tumor spectra in the INTERPRET database, obtained from three of the collaborating centers, was grouped into meningiomas, low‐grade astrocytomas, and “aggressive tumors” (glioblastomas and metastases). Spectra from two centers formed the training set (94 spectra) while the third acted as the test set (50 spectra). Linear discriminant analysis successfully classified 48/50 in the test set; the remaining two were atypical cases. When the training and test sets were combined, 133 of the 144 spectra were correctly classified using the leave‐one‐out procedure. These spectra had been obtained using different sequences (STEAM and PRESS), different echo times (20, 30, 31, and 32 ms), different repetition times (1600 and 2000 ms), and different manufacturers' instruments (GE and Philips). Pattern recognition algorithms are less sensitive to acquisition parameters than had been expected. Magn Reson Med 49:29–36, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of MR‐guided focused ultrasound with real‐time temperature mapping and continuous sonication for ablation of VX2 carcinoma in rabbit thigh
Authors: Palussière Jean , Salomir Rares , Le Bail Brigitte , Fawaz Rabia , Quesson Bruno , Grenier Nicolas , Moonen Chrit T.W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe efficiency of MRI‐guided focused ultrasound (FUS) hyperthermia with continuous sonication was investigated for the treatment of VX2 carcinoma implanted in rabbit thigh muscle. Six rabbits were treated with a single session of FUS when the tumor diameter exceeded 2 cm (10–21 days after implant). The FUS treatment method was based on a spiral trajectory of the focal point that allows continuous sonication under automatic, real‐time MR guidance. The total heating time was approximately 1000 sec. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated twice a week based on clinical (weight) and MRI data. Treated animals were sacrificed 5 weeks after the heating procedure and histological analysis was performed. Tumor regression was observed in each treated animal. Complete ablation of tumor, with confirmation by histological analysis, was obtained in five of six treated cases. Tumor regrowth occurred in one animal. Thermal injury was limited to the targeted region in three cases, but ablation also reached some healthy muscle around the tumor in the other three cases. A good correlation was found between postmortem histological analysis and premortem MRI data. Efficacy of MR‐controlled hyperthermia using FUS heating with spiral trajectories was demonstrated for successful local control of intramuscular VX2 tumor. Magn Reson Med 49:89–98, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.