bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical evaluation of LGR5, CD71, CD138 and CXCR3 markers in the small bowel mucosa of participants with celiac disease and persons with normal bowel mucosa
Authors: Vorobjova Tamara , Metsküla Kaja , Salumäe Liis , Uibo Oivi , Heilman Kaire , Uibo Raivo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the small bowel mucosa that develops because of the altered immune response to gluten, which leads to intestinal epithelium damage and villous atrophy. However, studies on regeneration of the damaged small bowel mucosa and density of intestinal stem cells (ISC) in CD persons are still scarce. We aimed to evaluate the number of small bowel mucosa cells positive for LGR5, CD138/Syndecan-1, CD71 and CXCR3 in CD and in controls with normal bowel mucosa; to find relationship between these markers and degree of small intestinal atrophy and to compare these results with our previous data about the number of CD103+, IDO + DCs, FOXP3 + Tregs, enterovirus (EV) density and serum zonulin level. Paraffin sections of the small bowel biopsies were obtained from 26 children with CD (median age 6.5 years) and 20 controls with normal intestinal mucosa (median age 14.2 years) and from the tissue bank of the Department of Pathology of Tartu University Hospital (from 18 participants with CD and from 11 with normal small bowel mucosa). The number of LGR5+, CD71 +, CD138+, and CXCR3 + cells was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The median number of CD138 + and CXCR3 + cells was significantly higher in the small bowel mucosa in CD compared with normal mucosa (p = 0.0002 for CD138 and p = 0.006 for CXCR3). The median number of CD71 + cells was significantly higher in normal small bowel mucosa (p = 0.005). The number of LGR5 + cells did not differ between persons with CD and those with normal small bowel mucosa (p = 0.7). Significant increased number of CD138 + and CXCR3 + cells in the small bowel mucosa of participants with CD confirms their role in pathogenesis of this disease. There was no expected remarkable difference in the density of any of the studied markers between lower or higher grade of small bowel atrophy and level of tTG-IgA in CD.
Coherent set identification via direct low rank maximum likelihood estimation
Authors: Polzin Robert Malte , Klebanov Ilja , Nüsken Nikolas , Koltai Péter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We analyze connections between two low rank modeling approaches from the last decade for treating dynamical data. The first one is the coherence problem (or coherent set approach), where groups of states are sought that evolve under the action of a stochastic transition matrix in a way maximally distinguishable from other groups. The second one is a low rank factorization approach for stochastic matrices, called Direct Bayesian Model Reduction (DBMR), which estimates the low rank factors directly from observed data. We show that DBMR results in a low rank model that is a projection of the full model, and exploit this insight to infer bounds on a quantitative measure of coherence within the reduced model. Both approaches can be formulated as optimization problems, and we also prove a bound between their respective objectives. On a broader scope, this work relates the two classical loss functions of nonnegative matrix factorization, namely the Frobenius norm and the generalized Kullback--Leibler divergence, and suggests new links between likelihood-based and projection-based estimation of probabilistic models.
MSC classification: 65F55, 62M05, 37M10, 15A23, 60J22.
Research on Path Planning and Smoothing Based on Obstacle Corner Points
Authors: Di Ling-Song , Sun De-Feng , Qi Ya-Hui , Xiao Zhi-Cai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In response to the challenges of path planning in complex scenarios, where grid map algorithms are susceptible to the influence of grid size and intelligent algorithms exhibit uncertainty, this paper proposes a method for finding the shortest path based on obstacle corner points using the Dijkstra algorithm. To address obstacles composed of curves without corner points, we suggest a preliminary linearization fitting process followed by pathfinding. To enhance the applicability of the trajectory, we introduce the constraint of minimum turning radius and conduct smoothing research based on circular arcs, providing smoothing solutions for various scenarios. Finally, considering the practical requirement that the trajectory should maintain a safe distance from obstacle edges, we perform an expansion analysis on the obstacles, linearize the resulting arcs, obtain the trajectory based on obstacle corner points, and apply smoothing treatment. Each step has been validated through simulations, demonstrating the rationality of the proposed approach.
BC-DCNN: A Novel Method to Denoise CEUS Images Combining Bidirectional ConvLSTM with 3D DnCNN
Authors: Liu xiang , Pu Xiuli , Shi Yunyu , Wu Yuke , Zhao Jingwen , Song Jialin , Wang Shuo Hong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives: Ultrasound diagnosis technology is widely used in medical diagnosis due to its advantages of low cost, timeliness, and no radiation. However, the scattered noise in the image hinders the doctor's accurate diagnosis. Besides, the current research on ultrasonic video denoising is still in the preliminary stage, and it is difficult to effectively denoise while fully retaining detail feature.Therefore,the objective of this study is to propose a novel denosing framework capable of generating clearer images.Methods: In this paper, we propose a novel framework named BC-DCNN (Bidirectional ConvLSTM with 3D DnCNN), which combines bidirectional ConvLSTM (Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory) with 3D DnCNN is proposed to generate clearer images. First, before entering the network, the CEUS video will pass through an abnormal frame detection module to filter out abnormal frames, and combine the synthetic ultrasound video as a training dataset, thereby preventing the model from overfitting and improving the generalization ability of the network. Second, we introduce a 3D convolution operator to extend the 2D DnCNN denoising model to 3D space to process image sequences. In addition, the model learns the temporal features of the video through the bidirectional ConvLSTM and takes full advantage of the inter-frame information. At the same time, temporal reduction and skipping connection are combined to learn the deep and shallow features of temporal data. Finally, to improve the stability of network training, a mixed loss function is designed to optimize the network training process.Results: We compare our method with different state-of-art algorithms, both visually and with respect to objective quality metrics. The experiments show that our algorithm compares favorably to other state-of-art methods.Conclusions: The proposed BC-DCNN framework provides a new solution to the problem of low-definition ultrasound diagnosis, and successfully solve the ultrasonic image denoising problem while preserving the detailed features.
Impact of COVID-19 on Learning Behavior of Undergraduate Medical Students during Ophthalmology Module; Lessons Learnt
Authors: Nisar Sumera , Alshanberi Asim , Rehman Areeb , Rehman Durraiz 
Published: January 2024

This qualitative study was carried out at Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; KSA to explore the impact of COVID-19 and its related lockdown on the learning undergraduate medical students from December 2019 till July 2020. This qualitative exploratory study, utilizing online focus group discussions to explore the psychological impact of COVID-19 on student’s learning at Ophthalmology department of Batterjee medical college, Jeddah; KSA. Ethical approval was taken from the college and purposive convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. Data was transcribed and analyzed by using thematic analysis. The study identified multifold impact of COVID-19 on student’s learning faced by the 4th year undergraduate medical students during an Ophthalmology module. Social isolation and shift to online mode of teaching and learning were the main challenges that affected student’s learning in many ways. Four major effects of COVID-19 explored in the study were; psychological effects, impact of social disconnect with the peers and patients, impact on learning behavior changes and moment of myself. Results can be used by the medical educators to understand student’s mind and needs to enhance their academic participation, learning and performance especially in current circumstances of COVID-19 pandemic
AI-driven improvement of monthly average rainfall forecasting in Mecca using grid search optimization for LSTM networks
Authors: Alqahtani Fehaid 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Predicting the average monthly rainfall in Mecca is crucial for sustainable development, resource management, and infrastructure protection in the region. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of long short-term memory (LSTM) deep regression models used for rainfall forecasting using an advanced grid-search-based hyperparameter optimization technique. The proposed model was trained and validated on a historical dataset of Mecca's monthly average rainfall. The model's performance improved by 5.0% post-optimization, reducing the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) from 0.1201 to 0.114. The results signify the value of grid search optimization in improving the LSTM model's accuracy, demonstrating its superiority over other common hyperparameter optimization techniques. The insights derived from this research provide valuable input for decision-makers in effectively managing water resources, mitigating environmental risks, and fostering regional development.
Recovery of phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium from surplus activated sludge using existing sludge treatment facilities and thickened primary sludge
Authors: Kamiyama Yudai , Shiraiwa Takuya , Ishikawa Nao , Takahashi Shinji , Sasamoto Makoto , Sasaki Masayuki , Watanabe Toru , Ito Ayumi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The separation of P, K, and Mg from surplus activated sludge (SAS) was investigated using existing sludge treatment facilities and the thickened primary sludge (TPS). The addition of the TPS to the SAS storage tank accelerated the anaerobic release of the three elements from SAS with maximum efficiencies of about 60%. The efficiency of P release showed a significant correlation with the oxidation–reduction potential. Increasing the total solid concentration increased the release of elements. The released elements could be transferred to a separate liquid (SL) from a screw-press thickener, and maximum concentrations of P, K, and Mg were about 200, 60, and 35 mg/L, respectively. The addition of CaCl2 and NaOH solutions to SL precipitated P as hydroxyapatite. However, no precipitation of K and Mg occurred simultaneously with P, even when the pH of SL was increased to 9. These findings suggest that about 60% of P, K, and Mg can be separated from SAS into SL using existing sludge treatment facilities and TPS; however, a method other than precipitation would be needed to recover P and K from SL simultaneously.
Do human rights really protect us? The evolution of the concept of human rights influenced by the work of the inter-american court of human rights
Authors: Abbott Max Silva 
Published: January 2024

This text explores the growing influence of International Human Rights Law, focusing on the Inter-American System. It argues that human rights have attained a status akin to a "secular religion," shaping the legitimacy of states globally. Criticizing the hierarchical and unaccountable nature of bodies issuing internationally recognized treaties, the text examines specific characteristics of the Inter-American Human Rights Law, such as autonomous treaty interpretation and the control of conventionality doctrine. The concept of a "minimum standard" is scrutinized, raising concerns about the infallibility of treaty body interpretations. The existence of parallel legal orders and the relationship between national and international frameworks is discussed, unveiling potential challenges and an "infallibility complex" among human rights defenders.
Analisis Penyimpanan Bahan Makanan di Resort
Authors: Paramartha I Dewa Gede Nata , Ekasani Kadek Ayu 
Published: January 2024

Restoran adalah salah satu sarana memenuhi kebutuhan tamu akan pangan. Dalam menyediakan kebutuhan makanan butuh prosedur yang baik dalam penyimpanan bahan makanan untuk hasil yang berkualitas dan harga jual tinggi. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana prosedur dalam penyimpanan bahan makanan di St Regis Bali Resort. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Berkaitan dengan hal itu cara menyimpan dengan prosedur yang benar akan membuat bahan makanan lebih awet dan dapat bertahan dari proses kerusakan. Aspek-aspek yang dibahas dalam penelitian meliputi suhu, wadah penyimpanan, rak, kebersihan, dan metode penyimpanan. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses penyimpanan bahan makanan belum terlaksanan dengan baik. Serta perlunya penambahan fasilitas penyimpanan bahan makanan dan evaluasi terhadap penyimpanan bahan makanan.

The restaurant is one of the means to meet the needs of guest for food. In providing food needs, good procedures in food storage are needed to obtaon result and high selling prices. The purpose of this study is to find out how the procedures for storing foodstuffs at St Regis Bali Resort are. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. In this regard, how to store with the correct procedure will make food ingredients last longer and can survive the process of damage. The aspects discussed in the study include temperature, storage container, shelves, cleanliness, and storage methods. Base on this research it can be concluded that the food storage process has not been implemented properly. As well as the need for additional food storage facilities and evaluation of food storage.
Kualitas Cookies Dengan Bahan Dasar Tepung Biji Nangka
Authors: Widiari Ni Luh Putu Febri , Purnaya I Gusti Ketut 
Published: January 2024

Cookies adalah kue yang terbuat dari bahan dasar tepung terigu namun tingginya penggunaan terigu membuat banyak alternatif untuk mengurangi pemakaian terigu, salah satu yang dapat dilakukan adalah melakukan substitusi atau penggantian tepung terigu. Sementara biji nangka masih belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik, maka dapat dilakukan substitusi tepung terigu menggunakan tepung biji nangka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas cookies dari segi rasa, warna, tekstur, dan aroma, untuk mengetahui daya tahan atau masa kadaluarsa serta menganalisis biaya yang diperlukan dalam pembuatan cookies. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen yang kemudian diuji oleh 30 panelis dengan tes organoleptik, observasi dan analisis biaya produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas cookies dengan bahan dasar tepung biji nangka masuk dalam kriteria enak dari segi rasa, tekstur yang renyah, beraroma harum serta warna yang menarik. Dari hasil uji daya tahan mampu bertahan selama 2 minggu. Dari hasil analisis biaya produksi membutuhkan biaya Rp 91.600,-.

Cookies are cakes made from wheat flour, but the high use of flour makes many alternatives to reduce the use of flour, one of which can be done is to substitute or replace wheat flour. While jackfruit seeds are still not used properly, it can be substituted for wheat flour using jackfruit seed flour. This study aims to determine the quality of cookies in terms of taste, color, texture, and aroma, to determine durability or expiration and analyze the costs required in making cookies. The research approach used is experimental research which is then tested by 30 panelists with organoleptic tests, observation and analysis of production costs. The results showed that the quality of cookies with the basic ingredient of jackfruit seed flour was included in the delicious criteria in terms of taste, crunchy texture, fragrant aroma and attractive color. From the results of the endurance test, it can last for 2 weeks. From the results of the analysis of the cost of production costs Rp 91,600, -.
Periodontal considerations for orthodontists
Authors: Bastiaan Ross J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the clinical orthodontist with a review of the relationship between periodontal health and orthodontic treatment. Stress is placed on the orthodontists responsibility to monitor periodontal health during therapy. Detection of a periodontal problem should prompt referral back to the general practitioner or periodontist.
Discussion is presented on the treatment of the periodontium through each phase of orthodontic therapy. Current oral hygiene procedures are outlined and refined according to special orthodontic needs.
Comparison of Body Height and Mandibular Length Between Caucasian and Japanese Children
Authors: Deguchi Toshio , Mimura Hiroshi , Togari Atsuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study compared pubertal growth of Japanese males and females with that of Caucasian children matched by age and gender. Total body height and mandibular length were compared between the two groups. Total body height showed that Caucasian males were taller than Japanese males from the ages of 10 to 15 years (p< 0.01-0.05).The annual maximum growth of Caucasian females peaked at the age of twelve, but Japanese females had a “spurtless” growth pattern, peaking one year earlier than Caucasian females.Total mandibular length, calculated at the age of 10, was about 3 mm greater in Japanese males and 5 mm greater in Japanese females than in Caucasians. At the age 15, the mandibles of Japanese males and females were about 7 mm and 9 mm longer than those of Caucasians, respectively.Adolescent mandibular growth spurt occurred, on the average, at the age of 13 in both Caucasian and Japanese males. Both female groups showed mandibular growth peaks at the age of 12.
Dental Bridge Procedure to Straighten Loose Teeth, A Review
Authors: Ifwandi Ifwandi 
Published: January 2024

Background: A dental bridge is a treatment that fills spaces or gaps between teeth or fills in missing teeth. Bridges can help restore bite and maintain the natural shape of the face. The procedure for closing or making abutments between the gaping tooth spaces uses dentures (called pontics). Objective: Report and explain the dental bridge process to straighten loose teeth. Materials and Methods: Based on the author's knowledge, this review included theory or case studies from Elsevier, Willey, MDPI, Hindawi Publishing, Dove Press, and Pubmed journals. Several (35 articles) of these manuscripts are then identified for appropriateness with the subjects provided in this study, assessed descriptively, and described based on the manuscript's flow or scientific principles. Results: Pontics are made of porcelain to match the natural color of the teeth. After the pontic is implanted, there is no more space between the teeth. In general, this procedure is needed to: Restore the teeth's ability to bite and chew, Clarify speech when you speak, Maintain facial shape, and Prevent remaining teeth from falling out or shifting positions. Four types of dental bridges are an option to "bridge" the empty dental space: Traditional bridge, Cantilever bridge, Maryland bridge, and Implant-supported dental bridge. Pontic installation through this process must be repeated every 5-15 years, depending on the type of treatment. This paper reports several types of dental bridges that can be used as references to improve understanding of prosthodontics. Conclusion: A dental bridge uses dentures anchored to teeth or implants to replace lost teeth permanently, improving speech, restoring a smile, and preventing tooth loss
Monitoreo de la equidad y su relación con la autonomía del estudiante en la modalidad virtual, en la facultad de Pedagogía, de la Universidad Veracruzana
Authors: Pérez Vences Mayté , Villalobos López Marilú , Guerrero Rodríguez Lilia Esther , Dajer Torres Regina 
Published: January 2024

El Observatorio Regional para la Calidad y la Equidad en la Educación Superior (ORACLE) presenta en este documento los resultados de la investigación que surge del propósito de indagar en torno a la inequidad que puede existir, por la falta de autonomía en el proceso de aprendizaje, colocando en una posición vulnerable al estudiante en el programa educativo de Pedagogía, en el marco de una modalidad virtual. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, realizada en el período agosto 2022 - enero 2023, en donde se encuestaron a 217 alumnos de diferente avance crediticio en su trayectoria escolar. Entre los resultados más significativos resalta la identificación, en los estudiantes encuestados, de la motivación e iniciativa al estudio, las habilidades que pone en práctica y la Metacognición de su proceso de aprendizaje. Una de las conclusiones es que la débil autonomía de estudiante provoca inequidad en las condiciones para apropiarse de los contenidos.

Monitoring of equity and its relationship with student autonomy in the virtual modality, in the Faculty of Pedagogy, of the Veracruz University
ABSTRACT
The Regional Observatory for Quality and Equity in Higher Education (ORACLE) presents in this document the results of the research that arises from the purpose of investigating the inequity that may exist, due to the lack of autonomy in the learning process, placing the student in a vulnerable position in the Pedagogy educational program, within the framework of a virtual modality. This is a quantitative investigation, carried out in the period August 2022 - January 2023, where 217 students with different credit progress in their school career were surveyed. Among the most significant results, the identification, in the students surveyed, of the motivation and initiative to study, the skills they put into practice and the Metacognition of their learning process stands out. One of the conclusions is that the weak student autonomy causes inequity in the conditions to appropriate the content.
Peran Ayah dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak: Telaah Surah Luqman Ayat 12-14
Authors: Ma’arif Tarigan Mhd. Rafi’i , Mahabatul Ainiah Eka , Lubis Aswan , Yunus Lubis Muhammad , Mustika Amalia Dian 
Published: January 2024

Abstrak
Fathers have a characteristic role in the family, namely the breadwinner, in this case the father is responsible for all family needs. One of the roles of fathers in educating children is modeling to children in terms of wisdom and being responsible for planning and decision making in a matter. This study aims to understand the figure of the father's role in teaching character education to children in Surah Luqman verses 12-14. This exploration uses a literature study research method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study indicate that in Surah Luqman verses 12-14 show that Luqman advised his son with advice that was not patronizing and there were also no accusations, because parents only want children to be good and only parents are their children's advisors. The character of a good father in Islam is depicted in Luqman, who always takes care of the child with love, advises the child with gentle words, and instills religious character education to the child.