bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Vibration and Bifurcations of a Bending-Twisting Rotor System
Authors: Chen Yuanhao , Chen Bin , Wang Xinya , Xu Yeyin , Wang Tieyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic system of a bending-twisting rotor is studied. Analytical prediction of nonlinear vibrations in such a nonlinear dynamic system are presented from the implicit mapping method. Bifurcations on vibration evolution are obtained and the stability of the corresponding vibrations are discussed by eigenvalue analysis. Period-doubling bifurcations occur when the rotating frequency varies where subharmonic vibrations emerge. The discrete Poincare displacements and velocities of periodic vibrations exhibit the motion complexity and give good scenarios of the bifurcations. Illustrations are given for comparison of the analytical and numerical results of nonlinear vibrations. The obtained results can be used to design and control the bending-twisting rotor with environmental noise.
Performance Tests for 3-D Pulsating Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger Under the Horizontal Orientation
Authors: Cheng Po-Shen , Wong Shwin-Chung , Wu Shih-Kuo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Waste heat recovery greatly reduces energy consumption by recapturing the wasted energy generated during industrial processes. An efficient air-to-air PHPHX system for waste heat recovery was established, in which up to three sets of PHPHX unit could be accommodated. Each fin-integrated PHPHX unit was modified from commercial products, involving total thirty-six 6 mm tubes arranged into three connected layers that a single charge suffices. Water with a filling ratio of 50% acted as the working fluid. Under the horizontal orientation, the three connected tube layers provide a cross-layered flowing behavior, beneficial to pulsation incitation. Since gravity still existed in the depth direction, the liquid slug trains continued to flow back to the evaporator section in the lower tube layer after being pushed upward by nucleate boiling. The pulsation was stably sustained at THI ≥ 55 °C by the endless up and down circulation. The maximum effectiveness for horizontal waste heat recovery was 0.46, merely 5–7% lower than the vertical operation. However, in the PHPHX with three independent tube layers, only the unbalanced vapor pressure with randomness and uncertainty dominated the movement of liquid slug trains. The evaporator section commonly stayed in the state of dry-out until THI = 80 °C that a tottering pulsation motion appeared with a maximum effectiveness less than 0.4. The present study validates the merit and practicality of the multiply connected tube layer design and extends the application from the vertical to the horizontal orientation.
Study of the Performance of Compressor Stations With Gas Turbines When Operating With Mixtures of Hydrogen and Natural Gas
Authors: Fajardo Juan , Barreto Deibys , Yabrudy Daniel , Rangel Richard , Garcia Samira , Sanjuan Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Researchers are addressing challenges transitioning from natural gas to hydrogen, particularly in transportation and compression. This study evaluates the performance of a gas turbine compression system that compresses gaseous fuel, focusing on a SolarTurbines TAURUS 60 gas turbine with an output power of 5740 kW and nominal efficiency of 32 %. The 12-stage Solar C33 compressor achieves a maximum total head of 257 kJ/kg and an isentropic efficiency above 80%. Energetic, exergetic, and exergoeconomic analyses were conducted for various hydrogen/natural gas mixtures. The results indicate a reduction in CO2 emissions of 187.5 kg per ton of fuel processed with every 10% increase in hydrogen content. Furthermore, setting the oxygen percentage in turbine exhaust gases at 14% and increasing the hydrogen content by 50% reduced the air and fuel requirements by approximately 15%. The Turbine-Air Compressor Work Ratio decreased with higher hydrogen fractions, enhancing the compression train energy efficiency from 6.28% to 27.21%. Exergy analysis revealed decreased total exergy destruction and increased exergetic efficiencies with increasing hydrogen percentage, except for the combustion chamber and gas turbine. Exergoeconomic analysis indicated an increase in the specific cost of gas with higher hydrogen fractions, reaching $20.56/Gj for 100% hydrogen.
Influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in Biomass Combustion
Authors: Castro Carlos , Teixeira José , Ferreira Manuel , Fraga Lelis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The implementation of an Exhaust Gas Recirculation System (EGRS) into a prototype 20kW domestic pellet boiler was studied. The boiler’s power, primary and secondary slit ratio and grate area were fixed, and the excess was adjusted to the three throttle positions studied. Several parameters were measured, including the fuel bed temperature at different heights and some exhaust gas species as: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (N2). The tests were conducted always with the goal to reduce the CO as this implies and increase in the combustion efficiency. The results show that with the opening of the EGRS throttle from 0 to 100% the fuel bed temperature decreased in 13% at 5mm, 2% at 15 mm, 22% at 25 mm and 14% at 60 mm of heigh. Regarding the gas species, form the EGRS throttle fully closed to fully open, the CO2 increased 4%, while the O2 and CO decreased 12% and 32% respectively.
Efficient Autonomous Navigation for GPS-Free Mobile Robots: A VFH-Based Approach Integrated With ROS-Based SLAM
Authors: Tereda Amanuel , Yi Sun , Li Xingguang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is an autonomous localization technique used for mobile robots without GPS. Since autonomous localization relies on pre-existing maps, to use SLAM with the Robotic Operating System (ROS), a map of the surroundings must first be created, and a controller can then use the initial map. The first mapping procedure is mostly carried out manually, with human intervention. When operating manually, the person operating the robot is responsible for avoiding obstacles and moving the robot to different sections of the space to create a full map of the entire environment. The mapping process, if done manually, is time demanding, and often not feasible. To solve this constraint, which is to construct a map of the environment autonomously without human involvement while avoiding obstacles, the Vector Field Histogram (VFH) technique is implemented in this study by integrating it with SLAM. VFH is a real-time motion planning approach in robotics that uses a statistical representation of the robot’s surroundings known as the histogram grid, to place a strong emphasis on handling modeling errors and sensor uncertainty. Furthermore, using range sensor values, the VFH algorithm determines a robot’s obstacle-free driving directions. Aside from its real-time obstacle avoidance function, the VFH method is enhanced in this study to collaborate with SLAM to create maps and reduce localization complexity. While generating maps, the VFH approach uses a two-step data-reduction procedure to calculate the appropriate vehicle control directives. The robot’s temporary location is used to generate a one-dimensional polar histogram, which is the first stage of the histogram grid reduction process. The polar obstacle density in a given direction is represented by a value in each sector of the polar histogram. In the second stage, the robot’s steering is oriented in the direction of the most appropriate sector, which the algorithm determines from all the polar histogram sectors with a low polar obstacle density. Following that, further algorithms, such as Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT) and A*, can be used to plan autonomous pathways using the map provided by VFH. In order to put the concept into practice, MATLAB and ROS are used together in collaboration to autonomously and simultaneously map the environment and localize the robot. The combination of MATLAB and ROS provides many advantages because of their extensive feature set and ability to integrate with each other. Finally, a simulation and a real-time robot are utilized to analyze and validate the study’s findings.
Determination of the Effect of Lifting Load Edge Radius on a Wire Mesh Sling
Authors: VanName Joshua M. , Rahman A. H. M. E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lifting equipment can have a diminished capacity when the lifting force reacts against an edge of a load that is not sized appropriately. The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of varying edge radius sizes on the lifting capacity of wire mesh slings; this research objective directly targets scenarios where wire mesh slings are used in a basket hitch around a load with edges and direct contact is made between the edges and the sling. Unlike for other forms of lifting slings, little information exists for the specific use of wire mesh slings on loads with edges. The existing guidelines and recommendations for this topic will be summarized for the other types of slings which will reveal the motivation to pursue this research for wire mesh lifting equipment. For this work, wire mesh slings were experimentally tested to destruction and explicit dynamics simulations were performed in ANSYS to supplement the experimental tests. The experimental results show that up to a 33.6% reduction in load bearing capacity may occur when using a wire mesh sling in a basket configuration around a load with edges; however, the sharp edges deformed during the experimental testing. ANSYS simulations show that up to a 37.8% reduction may occur when the edge is defined as a rigid body with no deformation. A 5.2% error was achieved between the maximum straight pull, or vertical hitch, sample of the control group and the simulated straight pull test. Lastly, a 4.2% absolute error was found between the maximum percent reduction in load bearing capacity between the experimental and simulation results.
Examination of the Effect of Equipment Nozzle Load on Metal Compensators Using Solid Mechanics and FEM
Authors: Magesh Agraja , Ganesan Umamagesh , Sekar Arasu , Sundararajan Raji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This is a comprehensive study on the effect of equipment nozzle load on the metal compensator (also known as the expansion joint or bellows) utilizing the principles of solid mechanics and the Finite Element Method (FEM). Metal bellows-type joints/compensators are flexible components of the equipment or piping system that can accommodate thermal expansion, vibration, and movement. The ability to accommodate movement within the piping/equipment system is vital for ensuring its efficiency and safety. These expansion joints facilitate the necessary flexibility and mitigate the risk of potential damage or failure in equipment/piping design. The metal compensators are strategically positioned to address displacement challenges within the system, facilitating movement while maintaining stability. This study focuses on the force and moments generated by equipment nozzle load, which is crucial for the compensator’s functionality. When branch lines or nozzles are installed or present in proximity to thin-walled metal bellows-type expansion joints, they produce multidirectional loads and moments. The intricate design necessitates Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to assess the deflection and its stresses at different locations of the expansion joint. Torsion, or twisting, applies a rotational force to the joint, which must be minimized or eliminated. When these forces generate torsional moments on the expansion joint, it is necessary to employ accessories that effectively isolate the metal bellows from such effects, as these joints are not designed to accommodate substantial torsional loads. By employing such hardware, the expansion joint can perform its intended purpose of absorbing axial, lateral, and angular movements within the piping system, contributing to its overall reliability and performance. Solid mechanics concepts were utilized to convert these forces and moments into axial, lateral, and angular movements. FEM analysis employing ANSYS Tools further evaluated these movements, with the obtained data integrated into the fatigue evaluation process. The study also identifies torsional loads from sustained and occasional equipment loads, implementing effective restraint hardware to isolate the compensator and maintain shear stress within allowable limits. These methodologies provide valuable insights into the behavior of metal expansion joint assemblies under such conditions/equipment, allowing for the determination of maximum deflection caused by the resultant force and moment of the nozzle load.
The High Strain-Rate Impact Energy-Absorption Characteristics of Graphene Using Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations
Authors: Aluko Olanrewaju , Geddam Rakesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the nanoscale behaviors of 2D monolayer graphene experiencing high strain impact tests, because there has been a limited understanding of the complex phenomena that accompany the impact energy absorption of graphene. Specifically, we assessed its atomistic and complex deformation and damage mechanisms, as well as its energy-absorbing capacity as a change in kinetic energy (KE) before and after impact using high velocity impact ranging from 1 to 10 km/s. We designed two super-hard and abrasive rigid projectiles, namely cubic boron nitride and diamond, to probe the influence of the material composition of the projectile on the impact response of graphene. In addition, the size effect of the graphene sheet was investigated. This simulation provided the ability to measure the kinetic energy profile of the projectile during the period of impact, which cannot be easily measured in an experiment. The results showed that the size of graphene does not adversely affect its impact response. However, the material composition of the projectile is influential on the impact resistance of graphene. The analysis provided a deeper understanding of the energy-absorbing capacity and the associated complex deformation and damage mechanisms of graphene, which are crucial to the facilitation of its future applications for impact protection devices in the military and transportation industries.
Potential Safety Hazards Associated With Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Vent Gas Heat Transfer in Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Qatramez Ala’ E. , Kurzawski Andrew , Hewson John , Meehan Michael , Foti Daniel , Headley Alexander J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study focuses on assessing the safety hazards associated with Lithium-ion battery vent gas in energy storage systems by convective heating due to direct impingement. Heat fluxes and convection heat transfer coefficients of vent gas at the module top surface were estimated. This analysis was carried out by CFD and thermal runaway model simulations. Four cases of two gap heights between the cells and walls of their module (H) and two vent gas jet velocities (vJet) were investigated. vJet values used in the simulations were based on venting predictions for failing 5 Ah and 10 Ah cells, and the two gap heights were selected based on estimates from a deployed system. The simulations results show that the vent gas could play a vital role in module-to-module thermal runaway propagation by pre-heating the cells in adjacent modules. Multiple sequential failures are needed to initiate a thermal runaway in the cell directly exposed to the vent gas jet. The analysis shows that vent gas jet temperature has a significant effect on the number of failures needed to raise the exposed cell surface temperature to a dangerous level.
Blast-Resistant Insulated Laminated Glass Windows
Authors: Elbelbisi Ahmed , Salim Hani , Newberry Michael , Weaver Mark , Elemam Hesham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Insulating laminated glass (IGU) windows are widely used in building envelopes to enhance safety and mitigate hazards during blast events. However, there has been limited research conducted to study the response of IGUs under blast loads. Therefore, this study aims to experimentally and numerically investigate the response of IGUs under blast loads. Field tests were conducted on three panels with varying sizes, thicknesses, and configurations. A Finite Element Model was developed using Ansys LS-DYNA software to simulate the dynamic response of the IGU panels. The numerical modeling was validated based on the experimental work. Through comprehensive field tests and numerical modeling, this research seeks to enhance our understanding of the behavior of blast-resistant IGU windows, thereby contributing to the advancement of building safety and structural integrity in the face of explosive threats.
Synergizing Industry 4.0 Technology With Additive Manufacturing to Enhance Quality Assurance and Enable Additive Manufacturing As a Service Industry
Authors: Bhandarkar Vivek V. , Das Broteen , Tandon Puneet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The widespread adoption of additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, highlights the importance of maintaining stringent quality standards in 3D-printed parts. This work introduces an innovative approach integrating Industry 4.0 with AM, focusing on harnessing the Internet of Things (IoT) for feedback control to swiftly detect defects. Operating within the framework of AM as a service (AMaaS), the system efficiently manages multiple 3D printers to meet client demands. Utilizing Raspberry Pi (RPi) and advanced Python socket modules, a user-friendly graphical interface (GUI) enriched with live video streams enhances user interaction. Clients can securely upload STL files over the Internet, accessing the system via robust authentication mechanisms. Live video feeds from RPi high-quality (HQ) cameras offer real-time insights into the printing process, while a deep learning (DL)-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model accurately detects warpage defects. Trained on images captured by RPi cameras, the CNN model’s performance metrics are systematically explored. This research integrates Industry 4.0 principles with 3D printing, advancing AMaaS with proactive quality control and live monitoring, showcasing innovative DL-based defect detection. The framework contributes to smart AM practices, promising widespread applicability across industries.
Strain Rate Material Response of Laminated Glass Interlayer Polymers
Authors: Elemam Hesham , Elkilani Ahmed , Elbelbisi Ahmed , Elsisi Alaa , Bowman Andrew , Salim Hani 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laminated glass (LG) systems are commonly used to enhance the blast and ballistic resistance of building window systems. However, there is still an incomplete understanding of glass shards and their interface with the polymeric interlayer. This paper aims to experimentally investigate the quasi-static and high strain rate responses of uncured and cured polymeric interlayers tested between 21 and 32 °C. The study evaluates the responses of different interlayer mayerials under strain rates of 0.033, 2, and 20 to 50 1/s. The material response is found to be significantly impacted by the strain rate, with behavior in some cases transitioning from viscoelastic characteristics to a combined linear elastic-non-elastic response. The test results offer valuable insights for assessing alternative methods to model these various materials under blast loading conditions.
Intention-Predicted Motion Planning of an Assistive Bionic Joint Knee Brace for Knee Rehabilitation
Authors: Duong Kiet , Swaminathan Sidharth , Agrawal Rishit , Zaidi Syed , Viswanathan Vimal , Jin Li , Jiang Lin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With 30 million people in the U.S. experiencing difficulties in performing a basic, yet crucial, function as walking, there is a call for a more user-oriented alternative that can alleviate this debilitating condition. As briefly mentioned, medical procedures and treatment for this condition are typically very expensive. Surgical procedures come with a slew of physical and emotional tolls, not to mention the risks. On the other hand, many of the current mechanical or biomechanical alternatives encompass a dimensionally complex lower limb exoskeleton system that lacks adaptive features. With the ABJ prototype, the fluidic muscle systems have the potential to outperform current traditional exoskeleton systems in terms of imitating the user’s natural gait. Additionally, with a closed-loop adaptive control system, the prototype also offers movement compensation capabilities that are immensely useful for rehabilitation in patients’ battle against KOA.
Design and Optimization of Micro-Perforated Panel (MPP) Sound Absorbers for Mitigating Pickleball Noise at Oblique Incidence
Authors: Ray Subhrodeep , Liu Haijun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of micro-perforated panels (MPPs) in reducing noise pollution in pickleball court environments, a concern growing in tandem with the sport’s popularity. Specifically, the research evaluates the performance of MPPs arranged in parallel configurations, aimed at mitigating the broad spectrum of noise frequencies generated during pickleball activities, including the problematic pop sound characteristics of the sport. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics for simulations, this study provides insights into the acoustic performance of MPP absorbers under various conditions, with a particular focus on oblique sound incidences — common in open and semi-open sports facilities. The simulations help confirm the theoretical and empirical models, suggesting that MPP absorbers can maintain effective sound absorption across different incident angles. The findings propose a significant advancement in the architectural design of sports facilities, offering a scalable and aesthetically pleasing noise control solution that does not compromise the aesthetic or functional aspects of the environment. This research not only underscores the versatility and efficiency of MPP absorbers in real-world applications but also sets the stage for further innovations in materials and designs for environmental noise control in sports settings.
Off-Design Behavior of a Regulated ORC-Based System for Exhaust Heat Recovery on Ice
Authors: Fatigati Fabio , Di Bartolomeo Marco , Di Battista Davide , Carapellucci Roberto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Transportation sector is living a transition era, where conventional powertrain based on Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is gradually replaced by hybrid and electric ones. However, in vehicles used for people and freight mobility, the ICEs will still play a crucial role, since they represent actually over the 95% of the powertrains. In this device, the efficiency target is gradually increasing, in order to meet the worldwide emissions reduction goals.
Hence, among the different opportunities, waste heat recovery on the exhaust gas of an engine is one of the most promising ones, with a high technological readiness and also high potential. In this paper, an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) based unit has been considered as exhaust heat recovery system. The ORC system, equipped with volumetric machines, has been developed, tested and represented by a numerical model, so experimentally validated. The model can consider all the different aspects on a real small ORC system. In particular, the relations between the main operating quantities such as maximum plant pressure and working fluid mass flow rate are caught by the model. Hence, exploiting the linear relation found between these two parameters given by the hydraulic plant permeability, a regulating strategy was developed. This is based on pump and expander revolution speed regulation and allows to widen the operating range of the ORC unit. In order to assess the feasibility of the proposed strategy, it was implemented through a dedicated and novel subroutine in the ORC-based unit model. In this way, the benefits related to the ORC control are detected under severe off-design operating condition, i.e. exhaust mass flow rate and temperature, related to the specific ICE operating point.