bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Prior Head Injury, Physical Functioning, and Frailty in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Hunzinger Katherine J , Walter Alexa E , Rosenthal Kimberly A , Windham B Gwen , Palta Priya , Juraschek Stephen P , Hicks Caitlin W , Gottesman Rebecca F , Schneider Andrea L C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Older adults have the highest rates of head injury and are at the greatest risk for subsequent dysfunction, yet research on subsequent physical decline is limited. We sought to examine cross-sectional and prospective associations of head injury with physical functioning and frailty among older adults.

Methods
A total of 5 598 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants from Visit 5 (2011–13) underwent assessments of physical functioning (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], comprised of gait speed, chair stands, and balance) and frailty (defined using established criteria) were followed through Visit 7 (2018–19). Head injury was self-reported or based on ICD-9 codes. Adjusted linear and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate associations. Prospective models incorporated inverse probability of attrition weights to account for death or attrition.

Results
Participants were a mean age of 75 years, 58% were women, 22% were Black, and 27% had a prior head injury. Compared to individuals without head injury, individuals with head injury had worse physical functioning (SPPB total score, β-coefficient = −0.22, 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.09) and were more likely to be pre-frail (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.35) or frail (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.80) compared to robust. Prospectively, head injury was associated with a 0.02 m/s greater decline (95% CI: −0.04 to −0.01) in gait speed over a median of 5 years. Among baseline robust individuals (n = 1 847), head injury was associated with increased odds of becoming pre-frail (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.67) or frail (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.51) compared to robust.

Conclusions
Older adults with prior head injury had worse physical functioning and greater frailty at baseline and were more likely to become frail and walk slower over time, compared to individuals without head injury.
Differences in Falls and Physical Activity in Older Women From Two Generations
Authors: Kwok Wing S , Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Dolja-Gore Xenia , Byles Julie , Oliveira Juliana S , Pinheiro Marina B , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Falls and physical inactivity increase with age. However, physical activity, falls and their associations in older people born at different times are unclear.

Methods
Women born 1921–26 and 1946–51 who completed follow-up questionnaires in 1999 (n = 8 403, mean (SD) age: 75 (1) years) and 2019 (n = 7 555; 71 (1) years) in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Self-reported noninjurious and injurious falls in the previous 12 months and weekly amounts and types of physical activity (brisk walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity) were compared between the cohorts using Chi-square tests. Associations between physical activity, and noninjurious and injurious falls were estimated using multinomial logistic regressions informed by a directed acyclic graph.

Results
A greater proportion of the later (1946–51) cohort (59%) reached 150–300 minutes of weekly physical activity, as recommended by the World Health Organization, compared to the earlier (1921–26) cohort (43%, p &lt; .001). A greater proportion of the later cohort reported noninjurious falls (14% vs 8%). Both cohorts reported similar proportions of injurious falls (1946–51:15%, 1921–26:14%). In both cohorts, participation in 150–300 minutes of physical activity was associated with lower odds of noninjurious falls (adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CI: 1921–26: 0.66, 0.52–0.84; 1946–51: 0.78, 0.63–0.97) and injurious falls (1921–26: 0.72, 0.60–0.87; 1946–51: 0.78, 0.64–0.96).

Conclusions
Participation in recommended levels of physical activity was associated with reduced falls in both cohorts. However, generational differences were found with more falls and more physical activities in the women born later. Future studies could examine the reasons contributing to the generational differences.
Does the Impact of Episodic Memory Declines on Future Changes in Perceived Control Vary Based on Individuals’ Experience With Cognitively Demanding Jobs?
Authors: Oi Katsuya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study proposes and evaluates a scenario wherein cognitive demands experienced at work can amplify the positive cross-lagged association of a shift in control beliefs following changes in episodic memory.

Methods
From the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2018) for 9,998 participants aged 50 or above, we used repeated observations of memory and control beliefs, assessed with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) and self-mastery and perceived constraints questionnaires. A dual-Latent Change Score Model estimated the cross-lagged effects between memory and control beliefs, separately for individuals with prior high cognitive job demands and those without.

Results
A decline in memory led to decreased control beliefs in terms of perceived constraints, only among those with experiences in cognitively demanding jobs.

Discussion
High cognitive job demands may lead to a more cognitively oriented awareness of aging, thus amplifying the impact of memory decline on control constraints.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, constitutional interpretation, and the right to same-sex marriage
Authors: O’Brien Derek 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The recent judgments of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in Day and Another v. Government of the Cayman Islands, and Attorney General for Bermuda v. Ferguson and Others, upholding the constitutionality of laws limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples in Bermuda and the Cayman Islands, respectively, have disrupted a consensus that had been emerging amongst constitutional courts in the common law world that such laws were unconstitutional. This article critiques the JCPC’s justifications for distancing itself from this consensus and instead aligning itself with the much-criticized jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) on the issue of same-sex marriage. It will be argued that the JCPC’s decisions were based on a narrowly textual interpretation of the respective constitutions and failed to take account of the impact of the ban on same-sex marriage on the gay and lesbian communities in each jurisdiction. It will further be argued that the JCPC relied too heavily on the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and UNHRC at the expense of foundational principles such as liberty and equality. The article also considers the consequences of these decisions for the other countries over which the JCPC continues to exercise jurisdiction and which prohibit same-sex marriage, as well as for the other countries whose courts continue to be influenced by the jurisprudence of the JCPC even though it is no longer their final appellate court.
Evaluation and economic analysis of battery energy storage in smart grids with wind–photovoltaic
Authors: Yang Di , Lv Yuntong , Ji Ming , Zhao Fangchu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The large number of renewable energy sources, such as wind and photovoltaic (PV) access, poses a significant challenge to the operation of the grid. The grid must continually adjust its output to maintain the grid power balance, and replacing the grid power output by adding a battery energy storage system (BESS) is a perfect solution. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the cost components and benefits of adding BESS to the smart grid and then focuses on the cost pressures of BESS; it compares the characteristics of four standard energy storage technologies and analyzes their costs in detail. It is challenging to gain benefits from BESS consisting of lead–acid batteries or vanadium redox flow batteries, while BESS consisting of lithium-ion batteries can gain a meager number of benefits. The best-performing one is BESS, consisting of sodium-ion batteries, which can bring considerable benefits to the system and can finally analyze the feasibility of sodium-ion batteries applied to wind–PV-containing power grids. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used because of their excellent performance, and sodium-ion batteries have a similar version to lithium-ion batteries and are more suitable for grid energy storage due to their lower price and more abundant raw materials.
Periodic event-triggered formation control of multi-agent systems via complex Laplacian
Authors: Guo Xiaoya , Chen Xia , Fu Lu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The event-triggered formation control of first-order continuous multi-agent systems is studied based on complex Laplacian in this paper. Periodic event-triggered control is designed in which continuous communication between agents is not required. For each agent, two different triggering conditions are discussed. The first one relies on the inter-neighboring communication at each verification time, while the second one only need the broadcast states of neighbors at their triggering instants. According to the Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory, consensus conditions on the verification period and parameters in the triggering conditions are also provided. It is demonstrated that the maximum verification period under two triggering conditions are two times larger than the existing results. And a certain amount of communication between neighbors can be further reduced in the second one. Finally, the simulation examples prove the validity of the results proposed.
On the rate of convergence of Yosida approximation for the nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard equation
Authors: Gwiazda Piotr , Skrzeczkowski Jakub , Trussardi Lara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It is well-known that one can construct solutions to the nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard equation with singular potentials via Yosida approximation with parameter $\lambda \to 0$. The usual method is based on compactness arguments and does not provide any rate of convergence. Here, we fill the gap and we obtain an explicit convergence rate $\sqrt{\lambda }$. The proof is based on the theory of maximal monotone operators and an observation that the nonlocal operator is of Hilbert–Schmidt type. Our estimate can provide convergence result for the Galerkin methods where the parameter $\lambda $ could be linked to the discretization parameters, yielding appropriate error estimates.
Genetic evaluation of crossbred Bos indicus cow temperament at parturition
Authors: Munguía Vásquez María F , Gill Clare A , Riggs Penny K , Herring Andy D , Sanders James O , Riley David G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cow temperament at parturition may be mostly a measure of aggressiveness. The heritability of cow temperament at parturition in Bos taurus cows has been reported to be low. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of cow temperament at parturition, conduct a genome-wide association analysis of cow temperament at the time of parturition, and estimate the correspondence of cow temperament at the time of parturition with cow productive performance and early-life temperament traits in Bos indicus crossbreds. Cow temperament was assessed from 1 to 5 indicating increasing levels of aggressiveness of cows (937 cows and 4,337 parturitions) from 2005 to 2022. Estimates of heritability and repeatability were 0.12 ± 0.024 and 0.24 ± 0.018. The estimates of proportion of phenotypic variance were 0.13 ± 0.019 and 0.02 ± 0.011 for permanent and maternal permanent environmental components, respectively. Estimates of heritability for maximum lifetime temperament score and proportions of temperament scores &gt;1 were 0.18 ± 0.07 and 0.13 ± 0.072. Within cycles (generations), 2-yr-old cows had lower temperament score means than cows in most other age categories. There were low to moderate positive estimates of unadjusted correlation coefficients (r = 0.22 to 0.29; P &lt; 0.05) of unadjusted temperament score with temperament measured on the same females when they were 8 mo old. There were low to moderate positive estimates of correlation coefficients (r = 0.09 to 0.37; P &lt; 0.05) of unadjusted temperament score with calving rate, weaning rate, weaning weight per cow exposed, and weaning weight per 454 kg cow weight at weaning. Cows with the lowest temperament score had lower (P &lt; 0.05) calving and weaning rate than cows in other temperament categories. Within 3 of 5 cycles, cows with the lowest temperament score (totally docile) had lower (P &lt; 0.05) weaning weight per cow exposed than cows in other temperament categories. There were 2 SNP on BTA 4 associated with maximum lifetime temperament score (FDR &lt; 0.05). The non-genetic influence of a cow’s mother was documented in her own temperament measured at the time of calving; this may be a consequence of learned behavior. Less aggressiveness displayed by cows at the time of calving may be accompanied by lower reproductive and maternal performance.
An Appraisal of Pharmacotherapy-Pertinent Literature Published in 2021 and 2022 for Clinicians Caring for Patients With Thermal or Inhalation Injury
Authors: Hill David M , Reger Melissa , Todor Lorraine A , Boyd Allison N , Cogle Sarah , DeWitt Alexandra , Drabick Zachary , Faris Janie , Zavala Sarah , Adams Beatrice , Alexander Kaitlin M , Carter Kristen , Gayed Rita M , Gutenschwager David W , Hall Alexandria , Hansen Meaghan , Krantz Erica N , Pham Felix , Quan Asia N , Smith Lisa , Tran Nicolas , Walroth Todd A , Mueller Scott W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Studies focusing on pharmacotherapy interventions to aid patients after thermal injury are a minor focus in burn injury-centered studies and published across a wide array of journals, which challenges those with limited resources to keep their knowledge current. This review is a renewal of previous years’ work to facilitate extraction and review of the most recent pharmacotherapy-centric studies in patients with thermal and inhalation injury. Twenty-three geographically dispersed, board-certified pharmacists participated in the review. A Medical Subject Heading-based, filtered search returned 2336 manuscripts over the previous 2-year period. After manual review, 98 (4%) manuscripts were determined to have a potential impact on current pharmacotherapy practice. The top 10 scored manuscripts are discussed. Only 17% of those reviewed were assessed to likely have little effect on current practice. The overall impact of the current cohort was higher than previous editions of this review, which is encouraging. There remains a need for investment in well-designed, high-impact, pharmacotherapy-pertinent research for patients sustaining thermal or inhalation injuries.
Age-dependent natural killer cell and interferon γ deficits contribute to severe pertussis in infant mice
Authors: Mitchell Ashley E , Scanlon Karen M , Flowers Emily M , Jordan Cassandra M , Tibbs Ellis J , Bukowski Alicia , Gallop Danisha , Carbonetti Nicholas H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many respiratory infections are selectively injurious to infants, yet the etiology of age-associated susceptibility is unknown. One such bacterial pathogen is Bordetella pertussis. In adult mice, innate interferon γ (IFN-γ) is produced by natural killer (NK) cells and restricts infection to the respiratory tract. In contrast, infant pertussis resembles disease in NK cell– and IFN-γ–deficient adult mice that experience disseminated lethal infection. We hypothesized that infants exhibit age-associated deficits in NK cell frequency, maturation, and responsiveness to B. pertussis, associated with low IFN-γ levels. To delineate mechanisms behind age-dependent susceptibility, we compared infant and adult mouse models of infection. Infection in infant mice resulted in impaired upregulation of IFN-γ and substantial bacterial dissemination. B. pertussis–infected infant mice displayed fewer pulmonary NK cells than adult mice. Furthermore, the NK cells in the infant mouse lungs had an immature phenotype, and the infant lung showed no upregulation of the IFN-γ–inducing cytokine IL-12p70. Adoptive transfer of adult NK cells into infants, or treatment with exogenous IFN-γ, significantly reduced bacterial dissemination. These data indicate that the lack of NK cell–produced IFN-γ significantly contributes to infant fulminant pertussis and could be the basis for other pathogen-induced, age-dependent respiratory diseases.
TEM Investigation on the Dislocation Loops in Zirconium Alloy by Neutron and Kr+ Ion Irradiation Tests
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fang Zhong-Qiang , Yan Qing-Xue , Wu Lu , Lu Chen-Yang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Neutron irradiation (E ≥ 1 MeV) and 400 keV Kr+ ion irradiation tests were carried out and compared to study the formation and growth mechanism of dislocation loops in zirconium alloys. The results show that, as the irradiation reached 1.9 × 1025 n/m2 and 1.0 × 1020 Kr+/m2, a large number of &lt;a&gt;-type dislocation loops and a small amount of large-sized &lt;c&gt;-type dislocations hundreds of nanometers or even micrometers in size are observed in both samples. EDS results confirmed that the concentrations of Nb and Fe in the &lt;c&gt;-type dislocation loops are higher than that in the matrix. With the increases of the dislocation loop size, part of the loop structure will decompose into the twisted, small-sized dislocation lines. Between two of the small-sized dislocation lines, a cubic structure was observed.
Copy number gain of FAM131B-AS2 promotes the progression of glioblastoma by mitigating replication stress
Authors: Wang Shaobo , Qi Yanhua , Zhao Rongrong , Pan Ziwen , Li Boyan , Qiu Wei , Zhao Shulin , Guo Xiaofan , Ni Shilei , Li Gang , Xue Hao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by chromosome 7 copy number gains, notably 7q34, potentially contributing to therapeutic resistance, yet the underlying oncogenes have not been fully characterized. Pertinently, the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this context has gained attention, necessitating further exploration.

Methods
FAM131B-AS2 was quantified in GBM samples and cells using qPCR. Overexpression and knockdown of FAM131B-AS2 in GBM cells were used to study its functions in vivo and in vitro. The mechanisms of FAM131B-AS2 were studied using RNA-seq, qPCR, Western blotting, RNA pull-down, coimmunoprecipitation assays, and mass spectrometry analysis. The phenotypic changes that resulted from FAM131B-AS2 variation were evaluated through CCK8 assay, EdU assay, comet assay, and immunofluorescence.

Results
Our analysis of 149 primary GBM patients identified FAM131B-AS2, a lncRNA located in the 7q34 region, whose upregulation predicts poor survival. Mechanistically, FAM131B-AS2 is a crucial regulator of the replication stress response, stabilizing replication protein A1 through recruitment of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 and activating the ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related protein kinase pathway to protect single-stranded DNA from breakage. Furthermore, FAM131B-AS2 overexpression inhibited CD8+ T-cell infiltration, while FAM131B-AS2 inhibition activated the cGAS-STING pathway, increasing lymphocyte infiltration and improving the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusions
FAM131B-AS2 emerges as a promising indicator for adjuvant therapy response and could also be a viable candidate for combined immunotherapies against GBMs.
Mechanisms of telomere maintenance and associated therapeutic vulnerabilities in malignant gliomas
Authors: Waitkus Matthew S , Erman Elise N , Reitman Zachary J , Ashley David M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A majority of cancers (~85%) activate the enzyme telomerase to maintain telomere length over multiple rounds of cellular division. Telomerase-negative cancers activate a distinct, telomerase-independent mechanism of telomere maintenance termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). ALT uses homologous recombination to maintain telomere length and exhibits features of break-induced DNA replication. In malignant gliomas, the activation of either telomerase or ALT is nearly ubiquitous in pediatric and adult tumors, and the frequency with which these distinct telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) is activated varies according to genetically defined glioma subtypes. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field of TMMs and their relevance to glioma biology and therapy. We review the genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms leading to telomerase activation or ALT induction in pediatric and adult gliomas. With this background, we review emerging evidence on strategies for targeting TMMs for glioma therapy. Finally, we comment on critical gaps and issues for moving the field forward to translate our improved understanding of glioma telomere maintenance into better therapeutic strategies for patients.
Glioblastoma and radiotherapy: A multicenter AI study for Survival Predictions from MRI (GRASP study)
Authors: Chelliah Alysha , Wood David A , Canas Liane S , Shuaib Haris , Currie Stuart , Fatania Kavi , Frood Russell , Rowland-Hill Chris , Thust Stefanie , Wastling Stephen J , Tenant Sean , McBain Catherine , Foweraker Karen , Williams Matthew , Wang Qiquan , Roman Andrei , Dragos Carmen , MacDonald Mark , Lau Yue Hui , Linares Christian A , Bassiouny Ahmed , Luis Aysha , Young Thomas , Brock Juliet , Chandy Edward , Beaumont Erica , Lam Tai-Chung , Welsh Liam , Lewis Joanne , Mathew Ryan , Kerfoot Eric , Brown Richard , Beasley Daniel , Glendenning Jennifer , Brazil Lucy , Swampillai Angela , Ashkan Keyoumars , Ourselin Sébastien , Modat Marc , Booth Thomas C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim was to predict survival of glioblastoma at 8 months after radiotherapy (a period allowing for completing a typical course of adjuvant temozolomide), by applying deep learning to the first brain MRI after radiotherapy completion.

Methods
Retrospective and prospective data were collected from 206 consecutive glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase -wildtype patients diagnosed between March 2014 and February 2022 across 11 UK centers. Models were trained on 158 retrospective patients from 3 centers. Holdout test sets were retrospective (n = 19; internal validation), and prospective (n = 29; external validation from 8 distinct centers). Neural network branches for T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted inputs were concatenated to predict survival. A nonimaging branch (demographics/MGMT/treatment data) was also combined with the imaging model. We investigated the influence of individual MR sequences; nonimaging features; and weighted dense blocks pretrained for abnormality detection.

Results
The imaging model outperformed the nonimaging model in all test sets (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, AUC P = .038) and performed similarly to a combined imaging/nonimaging model (P &gt; .05). Imaging, nonimaging, and combined models applied to amalgamated test sets gave AUCs of 0.93, 0.79, and 0.91. Initializing the imaging model with pretrained weights from 10 000s of brain MRIs improved performance considerably (amalgamated test sets without pretraining 0.64; P = .003).

Conclusions
A deep learning model using MRI images after radiotherapy reliably and accurately determined survival of glioblastoma. The model serves as a prognostic biomarker identifying patients who will not survive beyond a typical course of adjuvant temozolomide, thereby stratifying patients into those who might require early second-line or clinical trial treatment.