bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF BENFORD’S LAW IN SALES DATA OF NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS COMPANIES
Authors: SULEIMAN, A. S. ARUWA  , BAKSHAK YERIMA SATI  
Published: February 2025

Manipulated sales data in the financial statements of business organization has continued to distort the quality of information provided to shareholders as well as the public. The objective of this study is to determine fraud in sales data of oil and gas companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study employed Chi-square to determine the significant of the level of deviation of sales data from the proposed Benford’s Law. The results of the analysis show that the deviation of sales data from the expected Benford’s digits distribution law is not significant. This implies that sales data of oil and gas companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange conform to the proposed Benford’s digit distribution law. Based on this finding, the study affirms that sales data as provided by the oil and gas companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange are genuine and are free from manipulation. The study recommends strongly the application of Benford’s Law for the investigation of anomalies in accounting data.
Results of weed surveys for different land uses
Authors: Schöphen Eszter , Tóth Zoltán 
Published: February 2025

Different land use patterns have a significant impact on the weed flora of agricultural land. Tillage, fertilisation and crop rotation have an important role to play in reducing weed infestation. The effects of conventional ploughing and reduced tillage (min-till) on weed control in maize fields were investigated in a maize-wheat biculture with different nitrogen application rates in a long-term Soil Tillage field Experiment set up in Keszthely, Hungary in 2023 and 2024. The results showed that either tillage or fertilizer use had an effect in minimizing weed infestation.
Comparación de Habilidades Visuales entre Deportistas y No Deportistas
Authors: Bernárdez Vilaboa Ricardo , Faran-Rybka Donovan 
Published: February 2025

Relevancia: El estudio aborda la relación entre las habilidades visuales y la práctica deportiva, un tema de interés en la optometría deportiva.
Propósito: El objetivo principal fue comparar las habilidades visuales entre deportistas y no deportistas para determinar si el nivel de actividad física influye en la agudeza visual y otras capacidades relacionadas.
Material y métodos: Se seleccionó una muestra de 28 participantes, divididos equitativamente entre deportistas y no deportistas. Se evaluaron diversas habilidades visuales, incluyendo agudeza visual dinámica, coordinación ojo-mano, y flexibilidad acomodativa, utilizando pruebas estandarizadas.
Resultados: Los deportistas mostraron una agudeza visual dinámica superior y mejor coordinación ojo-mano en comparación con los no deportistas. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias significativas en la flexibilidad acomodativa entre ambos grupos.
Conclusiones: El estudio sugiere que la práctica deportiva puede estar asociada con un mejor rendimiento en ciertas habilidades visuales, lo que podría tener implicaciones para el entrenamiento y la rehabilitación en optometría.
Implementation of the PJBL Model in Increasing the Interest of Class I Students in Elementary Schools
Authors: Winda Eprilia  , Muhammad Rizky  
Published: February 2025

This research is motivated by the low interest of students in conventional learning applied by teachers. The research aims to implement a project-based learning model to increase the interest of Class I students at SD Negeri 008 Palembang which totals 32 students. This research method is a classroom action research carried out through 2 cycles, namely Cycle I and Cycle II. The data collection techniques in this study are (1) Observation of students' interests with indicators of interest, feelings of pleasure, and active participation in learning. (2) PJBL learning data collection techniques. The results of this study show that: (1) the implementation of learning using STEAM-based PJBL in thematic learning, especially Indonesian Language and SBdP, can increase student interest, namely in the first cycle by 67.78% and in the second cycle by 82.03%(2) The increase in student interest can be seen from the results of learning reflection with the percentage of student interest in the first cycle of 37.5% and the second cycle of 87.5%.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Penyusunan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai melalui Workshop dan Pemanfaatan E-Kinerja
Authors: Windrati  
Published: February 2025

Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Penyusunan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Workshop Dan Pemanfaatan E-Kinerja Di MAN 1 Sragen Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melaporkan Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Penyusunan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Workshop Dan Pemanfaatan E-Kinerja Di MAN 1 Sragen Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian guru yang tercapai dalam pelaksanaan penyusunan sasaran kinerja pegawai dari 12 guru atau 40% menjadi 16 guru atau 80%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Penyusunan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Workshop Dan Pemanfaatan E-Kinerja Di MAN 1 Sragen Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Penyusunan Modul Ajar Fase D Melalui Penerapan FGD (Focus Grup Discussion)
Authors: Pramono  
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun Modul Ajar Fase D dengan penerapan FGD (Focus Grup Discussion) di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Sukoharjo Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2025/2026.. Metode penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan sekolah (PTS). Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan analisis data selama penerapan FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Observasi pada siklus 1 dan 2 menunjukkan bahwa melalui penerapan FGD (Focus Grup Discussion) dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru pada aspek identifikasi dan penjelasan konsep dasar ilmu pengetahuan, analisis hubungan sebab akibat dalam konteks topik yang dibahas dalam modul, penggunaan alat dan metode yang sederhana untuk menyelidiki dan pengamatan fenomena alam serta perumusan pernyataan, pertanyaan, hipotesis yang sesuai dengan konteks ilmu pengetahuan yang sedang dipelajari pada fase D : 2 ) Data analisis dokumen menunjukkan bahwa penerapan FGD (Focus Grup Discussion) dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru bahwa aspek kesesuaian modul ajar dengan kurikulum dan tujuan pembelajaran fase D , keterpaduan dengan materi pembelajaran sebelumnya dan memastikan kelogisan serta kontinuitas pembelajaran , Pengintegrasian aspek multi disiplin yang mendukung pemahaman holistik peserta terhadap topik yang diajarkan dan Ketersediaan lembar evaluasi dengan menggunakan sumber daya pembelajaran tambahan seperti referensi media pembelajaran teknologi untuk memperkaya isi modul. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian adalah melalui penerapan FGD dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun Modul Ajar Fase D Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2025/2026.
Migration forcée et sources de soutien : l’impact des réseaux diasporiques dans les parcours migratoires des réfugiés syriens-arméniens installés au Liban et au Québec
Authors: Kayayan Alexi Vicken 
Published: February 2025

Cet article, issu d’une recherche doctorale en cours en anthropologie, explore les parcours migratoires des réfugiés syriens-arméniens qui se sont installés au Liban (pays de « transit ») et au Québec (pays de « réinstallation ») en raison du conflit en Syrie. L’étude vise à identifier les défis rencontrés par les réfugiés syriens-arméniens durant leurs parcours migratoires, ainsi que les sources de soutien qui ont facilité leur adaptation dans les différents pays d’installation. Les résultats révèlent que les réseaux diasporiques arméniens constituent les principales sources de soutien matériel, économique, social, informationnel et émotionnel pour les réfugiés syriens-arméniens. Ces réseaux jouent un rôle essentiel en offrant aux réfugiés des opportunités d’emploi, de logement, d’éducation, d’accompagnement et de réinstallation définitive.
Afin d’appréhender les parcours migratoires des réfugiés dans leur globalité, une approche qualitative et transnationale a été privilégiée. Une recherche ethnographique multisite a été menée au Liban et au Québec, comprenant des observations ethnographiques, des entretiens de type récit de vie avec 21 réfugiés syriens-arméniens et des entretiens semi-dirigés avec 15 intervenants et représentants d’organisations et d’institutions arméniennes impliqués dans l’accompagnement des réfugiés.
Searching for a common host: parasitoids of Lema daturaphila on Datura stramonium in Central Mexico
Authors: Villanueva-Hernández Carol Estefanía , Núñez-Farfán Juan 
Published: February 2025

Background
Natural enemies of herbivore insects can change the arms race between plants and insects. Their presence and abundance even can affect the co-evolution of interacting species. The annual herb Datura stramonium varies geographically in the extent of its direct defenses against herbivores. Its main specialist herbivore, Lema daturaphila, is adapted to cope with these defenses, but little is known about its natural enemies. Here, we determined the presence and incidence of L. daturaphila parasitoids as an initial step to explore other ecological and evolutionary relationships in a tri-trophic context.

Methods
Field collections of L. daturaphila eggs and larvae were performed during the summers of 2018 and 2019 in eleven natural populations of D. stramonium in central Mexico. We recorded their development to evaluate the emergence of parasitoids and their relationship with the abundance of herbivore individuals and environmental variables in each locality.

Results
We found six parasitoid fly and wasp species that are new records for Mexico or the host. Throughout their distribution, the interaction varies widely among populations and years. In some localities, egg parasitoids dominate over larval parasitoids and vice versa, and they exert strong pressures on the survival of L. daturaphila’s populations. The abundance of Emersonella lemae, the egg parasitoid, is related to the clutch size of L. daturaphila and climatic conditions such as temperature, altitude, and precipitation. As an apparent defense strategy against parasitoid flies, larvae of L. daturaphila release their oral secretions, which contain alkaloids from D. stramonium. At a geographic scale, these findings change the scenario between the plant-herbivore interaction and open the field to explore the different selective pressures among populations.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Case Study in Kaura Namoda Nigeria
Authors: H Kabiru , A Buhari Shehu. , Kankara Idris Aliyu 
Published: February 2025

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder which needs urgent attention. Detection of the disease from the grass root using patient risk factors is the key for early prevention of the disease. The aim of this paper is to use Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for early detection of DM. Datasets were collected from past patient records of patients suffering from DM in General Hospital Kaura Namoda, Nigeria between 2019 to 2023. The hospital and region are selected because most of the cases of DM were reported in the hospital and the prevalence of the disease in the region is about 8% to 10%. The datasets consists of two sample size of 400 patients each, the first sample dataset consist of 400 patients with demographic, clinical and lifestyle risk factors and second sample dataset consist of 400 patients with demographic, clinical, lifestyle and dietary risk factors. Backward stepwise feature selection method was employed to eliminate the least informative features and the method retained Six (6) risk factors for the first sample dataset age, family history of DM, blood glucose level, blood pressure level, body mass index, physical activity, and removes one risk factor sex. For the second sample dataset, the method retained twelve (12) risk factors age, family history of DM, blood Glucose level, blood pressure, body mass index, physical activity, preference for sweet food, red meats, refined carbs, energy drinks, white rice, processed meat and remove sex and preference for salty food. The results of the analysis showed that MLPNN model demonstrated high accuracy in detecting DM and non-DM patients, with improved performance when dietary risk factors were included. The paper concludes that in order to detect DM and Non-DM accurately, dietary risk factors must be included apart from demographic, clinical and lifestyle risk factors.
Balancing: A solution to our distorted indices of transient dynamics
Authors: Hinrichsen Richard A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBecause populations are at the mercy of random disturbances large and small, they rarely, if ever, converge on predicted long‐term behaviors. Therefore, when employing matrix population models, ecologists study the dynamics of populations that depart from stable distributions. Necessary for such studies are indices of transient dynamics that measure the size of short‐term population fluctuations. These indices advance our understanding of population dynamics by revealing that population growth rate in a single timestep can far exceed the stable population growth rate. Despite their value, indices of transient behavior possess two major shortcomings: they are scale dependent and easily distorted by outsized population classes. Distortion occurs whenever immature classes, due to their sheer size, carry greater weight in the calculation of population size than mature classes. Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso), for example, have an immature age class (eggs) that is several orders of magnitude larger than its mature age classes. To remove the undue influence of outsized classes, I use balancing, which rescales classes by the stable population distribution and makes the indices of transient dynamics scale invariant. I apply balancing to 1800 population projection matrices for various species across the Animal Kingdom, using reactivity and the Henrici metric of non‐normality as indices of transient dynamics. I found that balancing profoundly changes the picture of which populations have the greatest or least potential transient dynamics. Using a population projection matrix for northern pike (Esox lucius), I demonstrate how balancing influences pseudospectra contour plots that are used to infer transient dynamics.
Verification of surface‐guided radiation therapy (SGRT) alignment for proton breast and chest wall patients by comparison to CT‐on‐rails and kV‐2D alignment
Authors: Zhao Hui , Sarkar Vikren , St James Sara , Paxton Adam , Su Fan‐Chi Frances , Price Ryan G. , Dial Christian , Poppe Matthew , Gaffney David , Salter Bill 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurface‐guided radiation therapy (SGRT) systems have been widely installed and utilized on linear accelerators. However, the use of SGRT with proton therapy is still a newly developing field, and published reports are currently very limited.PurposeTo assess the clinical application and alignment agreement of SGRT with CT‐on‐rails (CTOR) and kV‐2D image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for breast treatment using proton therapy.MethodsFour patients receiving breast or chest wall treatment with proton therapy were the subjects of this study. Patient #1′s IGRT modalities were a combination of kV‐2D and CTOR. CTOR was the only imaging modality for patients #2 and #3, and kV‐2D was the only imaging modality for patient #4. The patients’ respiratory motions were assessed using a 2‐min surface position recorded by the SGRT system during treatment. SGRT offsets reported after IGRT shifts were recorded for each fraction of treatment. The agreement between SGRT and either kV‐2D or CTOR was evaluated.ResultsThe respiratory motion amplitude was <4 mm in translation and <2.0° in rotation for all patients. The mean and maximum amplitude of SGRT offsets after application of IGRT shifts were ≤(2.6 mm, 1.6°) and (6.8 mm, 4.5°) relative to kV‐2D‐based IGRT; ≤(3.0 mm, 2.6°) and (5.0 mm, 4.7°) relative to CTOR‐based IGRT without breast tissue inflammation. For patient #3, breast inflammation was observed for the last three fractions of treatment, and the maximum SGRT offsets post CTOR shifts were up to (14.0 mm, 5.2°).ConclusionsDue to the overall agreement between SGRT and IGRT within reasonable tolerance, SGRT has the potential to serve as a valuable auxiliary IGRT tool for proton breast treatment and may improve the efficiency of proton breast treatment.
A deep learning approach to remove contrast from contrast‐enhanced CT for proton dose calculation
Authors: Wang Xu , Hao Yao , Duan Ye , Yang Deshan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeNon‐Contrast Enhanced CT (NCECT) is normally required for proton dose calculation while Contrast Enhanced CT (CECT) is often scanned for tumor and organ delineation. Possible tissue motion between these two CTs raises dosimetry uncertainties, especially for moving tumors in the thorax and abdomen. Here we report a deep‐learning approach to generate NCECT directly from CECT. This method could be useful to avoid the NCECT scan, reduce CT simulation time and imaging dose, and decrease the uncertainties caused by tissue motion between otherwise two different CT scans.MethodsA deep network was developed to convert CECT to NCECT. The network receives a 3D image from CECT images as input and generates a corresponding contrast‐removed NCECT image patch. Abdominal CECT and NCECT image pairs of 20 patients were deformably registered and 8000 image patch pairs extracted from the registered image pairs were utilized to train and test the model. CTs of clinical proton patients and their treatment plans were employed to evaluate the dosimetric impact of using the generated NCECT for proton dose calculation.ResultsOur approach achieved a Cosine Similarity score of 0.988 and an MSE value of 0.002. A quantitative comparison of clinical proton dose plans computed on the CECT and the generated NCECT for five proton patients revealed significant dose differences at the distal of beam paths. V100% of PTV and GTV changed by 3.5% and 5.5%, respectively. The mean HU difference for all five patients between the generated and the scanned NCECTs was ∼4.72, whereas the difference between CECT and the scanned NCECT was ∼64.52, indicating a ∼93% reduction in mean HU difference.ConclusionsA deep learning approach was developed to generate NCECTs from CECTs. This approach could be useful for the proton dose calculation to reduce uncertainties caused by tissue motion between CECT and NCECT.
Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Cerium‐Enriched Copper Nanozyme with O2 Supply and Oxidative Stress Amplification for In Situ Disulfiram Chemotherapy and Chemodynamic Therapy Intensification
Authors: Lin Jinyan , Huang Cailin , Wang Peiyuan , He Yueyang , Luo Qiang , Liu Xiaolong , Li Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditional chemotherapy has faced tough challenges of systemic toxicity, hypoxia resistance, and inadequacy of monotherapy. Developing the tumor‐specific O2‐supply‐enhanced chemotherapy without toxic drugs while combing other precise treatments can substantially improve therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a CeO2‐enriched CuO nanozyme with O2 supply and oxidative stress amplification for tumor‐specific disulfiram (DSF) chemotherapy and intensified chemodynamic therapy by synergistic in situ “nontoxicity–toxicity” activation is developed. Notably, CeO2 can not only act as a morphological “regulator,” but also serve as a cascaded enzyme‐mimetic catalyst via tumor‐microenvironment‐responsive cascaded‐logical programmable valence conversion. Once internalized inside tumor cells, the nanozyme can be degraded by lysosomal acidity to release nontoxic DSF and Cu2+, which can trigger in situ “Cu2+‐DSF” chelation, generating a highly toxic Cu(DTC)2 for in situ chemotherapy. Moreover, the enriched CeO2 with catalase‐mimetic activity can decompose the endogenous H2O2 into O2, which can relieve the hypoxia to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the simultaneously generated Ce3+ can exert peroxidase‐mimetic activity to catalyze H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for chemodynamic therapy. This Fenton‐like chemistry is accompanied by the regeneration of Ce4+, which can deplete the intracellular overproduced GSH to amplify the oxidative stress. Therefore, this nanozyme can provide an alternative to precise cancer treatment.
Roll‐to‐Roll Compatible Topochemical Wetting Control for Metamaterial Printing
Authors: Donie Yidenekachew J. , Ramamurthy Maya , Chakraborty Rohan D. , Francis Lorraine F. , Frisbie C. Daniel , Ferry Vivian E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe widespread utilization of metamaterials, despite their immense transformative potential, faces challenges regarding scalability in mass production. To address these limitations, an additive method that leverages liquid inks and selective wetting to produce scalable and cost‐effective metamaterials is presented. UV‐based imprinting lithography is utilized to fabricate surface energy‐modulated patterns, enabling precise solution patterning. This approach, unlike conventional UV‐based imprinting lithography, not only accurately produces the negative replica of the stamp topography during UV‐induced crosslinking but also transfers a hydrophobic layer onto the raised surfaces of the imprinted hydrophilic layer, resulting in 3D shapes with spatially modulated surface energy. In the second process step, a functional ink is dragged over the patterned substrate where it dewets to fill the hydrophilic recesses. This innovative process enables high‐speed metamaterial production, with ink deposition speeds up to 12 m min−1. The method accommodates a wide range of inks, including metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors, providing meticulous control over vertical structures such as pattern thickness and hetero‐multilayer formation. Additionally, it offers flexibility in creating metamaterials on free‐standing ultra‐thin sheets, introducing desirable attributes like foldability and disposability. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through the fabrication and characterization of metallic metamaterials.
Adaptive Output Feedback Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Modeling Errors
Authors: Cai Jianping , Chen Gang , Wu Xiushan , Yan Qiuzhen , Li Jianning 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is well known that unknown modeling errors cannot be avoided in practice. Such unmeasured uncertainties are usually denoted as unknown nonlinear functions that exist in every channel of the system equation. This paper aims to develop an output feedback adaptive control scheme by constructing state estimation filters to address such unknown modeling errors. In the controller design, these uncertainties caused by modeling errors will be accumulated to the last step for compensation. Unknown parameters existing in the upper bound functions of unknown nonlinear functions and system parameters are estimated synchronously based on tuning function approaches. It is shown that the designed output feedback controller can ensure the stability and tracking performance of the closed‐loop system, and the transient performance in terms of a truncated norm is also established.