bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a New Model of Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Association With Mortality
Authors: Ciardullo Stefano , Dodesini Alessandro Roberto , Lepore Giuseppe , Corsi Anna , Scaranna Cristiana , Perseghin Gianluca , Trevisan Roberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
Despite being one of the major drivers of diabetes incidence, the degree of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not usually evaluated in clinical practice or in large epidemiologic studies.

Objective
To identify a model of insulin sensitivity using widely available clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with T2D and evaluate its association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods
One hundred forty patients with T2D underwent a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to measure total body glucose disposal rate (mg kg−1 minute−1). We used demographic, clinical, and common laboratory parameters to estimate insulin sensitivity (IS) via stepwise linear regression on 85 patients (training cohort) and validated it in the remaining 55 (validation cohort). The identified equation was then applied to 3553 patients with T2D from the 1999-2010 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate its association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality up to December 2015.

Results
The best model included triglycerides, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, albumin excretion rate, and body mass index. The identified IS score correlated well with the clamp-derived glucose disposal rate in both the training (r = 0.77, P &lt; .001) and the validation (r = 0.74, P &lt; .001) cohorts. In the NHANES cohort, after a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 1054 patients died, 265 of cardiovascular causes. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, cigarette smoke, total cholesterol, chronic kidney disease, blood pressure, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and alcohol consumption, a higher estimated IS was associated with a lower risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusion
We propose a new model of IS in patients with T2D based on readily available clinical and laboratory data. Its potential applications are in both diagnosis as well as prognostication.
A framework to unlock marine bird energetics
Authors: Dunn Ruth E. , Duckworth James , Green Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Energetics can provide novel insights into the roles of animals, but employing an energetics approach has traditionally required extensive empirical physiological data on the focal species, something that can be challenging for those that inhabit marine environments. There is therefore a demand for a framework through which to estimate energy expenditure from readily available data. We present the energetic costs associated with important time- and energy-intensive behaviours across nine families of marine bird (including seabirds, ducks, divers and grebes) and nine ecological guilds. We demonstrate a worked example, calculating the year-round energetic expenditure of the great auk, Pinguinus impennis, under three migration scenarios, thereby illustrating the capacity of this approach to make predictions for data-deficient species. We provide a comprehensive framework through which to model marine bird energetics and demonstrate the power of this approach to provide novel, quantitative insights into the influence of marine birds within their ecosystems.
The Dynamic Informativeness of Scheduled News
Authors: Crego Julio A. , Gider Jasmin 
Published: November 2023

We propose a method to identify the informativeness of a future scheduled announcement at the daily level, exploiting the discontinuity it creates in the term structure of option volatility. We implement the strategy in a panel data model to estimate the relation between prior signals and the future announcement. This method allows us to separate substitutes from complements, it can isolate multiple signals within the same quarter, and it can condition on the timing and signal characteristics. We find that analyst forecasts substitute earnings announcement information and that recommendations do not provide extra information on top of forecasts. Moreover, our evidence suggests that insiders sell to avoid uncertainty when the announcement is far away but pull forward earnings information when they trade one month before. This paper was accepted by Eric So, accounting. Funding: This publication is part of the project “Eliciting the properties of private signals” (with project number VI.Veni.201E.029 of the research program VENI SGW, which is (partly) financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4970 .
Improving Envy Freeness up to Any Good Guarantees Through Rainbow Cycle Number
Authors: Chaudhury Bhaskar Ray , Garg Jugal , Mehlhorn Kurt , Mehta Ruta , Misra Pranabendu 
Published: November 2023

We study the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods among n agents with additive valuations. Envy freeness up to any good (EFX) is arguably the most compelling fairness notion in this context. However, the existence of an EFX allocation has not been settled and is one of the most important problems in fair division. Toward resolving this question, many impressive results show the existence of its relaxations. In particular, it is known that 0.618-EFX allocations exist and that EFX allocation exists if we do not allocate at most (n-1) goods. Reducing the number of unallocated goods has emerged as a systematic way to tackle the main question. For example, follow-up works on three- and four-agents cases, respectively, allocated two more unallocated goods through an involved procedure. In this paper, we study the general case and achieve sublinear numbers of unallocated goods. Through a new approach, we show that for every [Formula: see text], there always exists a [Formula: see text]-EFX allocation with sublinear number of unallocated goods and high Nash welfare. For this, we reduce the EFX problem to a novel problem in extremal graph theory. We define the notion of rainbow cycle number [Formula: see text] in directed graphs. For all [Formula: see text] is the largest k such that there exists a k-partite graph [Formula: see text], in which each part has at most d vertices (i.e., [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]); for any two parts Vi and Vj, each vertex in Vi has an incoming edge from some vertex in Vj and vice versa; and there exists no cycle in G that contains at most one vertex from each part. We show that any upper bound on [Formula: see text] directly translates to a sublinear bound on the number of unallocated goods. We establish a polynomial upper bound on [Formula: see text], yielding our main result. Furthermore, our approach is constructive, which also gives a polynomial-time algorithm for finding such an allocation. Funding: J. Garg was supported by the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering [Grant CCF-1942321]. R. Mehta was supported by the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering [Grant CCF-1750436].
Hiding in Plain Sight: Co-Enacting the Sustainable Worker Schema in a Consulting Firm
Authors: Heaphy Emily D. , Trefalt Špela 
Published: November 2023

This inductive study of 44 consultants in a prominent consulting firm examines how consultants set work-life boundaries without getting stigmatized and how they develop their workplace relationships into sources of help for this process. Within this organization, dominated by the ideal worker norm, we found a hidden, self-sustaining network of consultants who delivered excellent work while violating the ideal worker norm without stigmatization. Their way of working was based on a coherent set of beliefs about work and the work-life interface we named the sustainable worker schema, which contrasted with the ideal worker schema in all ways except in the ultimate goals: high performance and excellent work. Essential to this way of working was not only effective management of boundaries between work and life outside of work (work-life boundaries) but also effective management of boundaries around each work task or project (work boundaries). Consultants who embraced the sustainable worker schema worked fewer hours and achieved higher satisfaction with work-life balance than their counterparts. Together, these findings highlight the importance of embracing the centrality of work in work-life research; underscore the power of invisibility when challenging the ideal worker norm; and paint a rich picture of boundary work as a network-level phenomenon. Funding: This work was supported by Simmons University [Diane K. Trust Chair in Leadership Development, President’s Fund for Faculty Excellence] and University of Massachusetts Amherst [John F. Kennedy Faculty Fellowship].
O ESQUEMATISMO EPIDÉRMICO DE FANON E AS VIDAS QUE IMPORTAM
Authors: Pereira de Queiroz Ivo , Falabretti Ericson Savio 
Published: November 2023

RESUMO: Alarmadas pelos bombardeios russos sobre cidades ucranianas, as massas populares, aterrorizadas, saíram em debandada. Inicialmente, procuravam refúgio nos países vizinhos. Em meio à profusão de relatos sobre os efeitos materiais e emocionais dos ataques, causas e efeitos do conflito, chegaram ao conhecimento público o racismo ucraniano contra pessoas negras. Estas, estavam sendo impedidas de deixar a Ucrânia porque as autoridades decidiram que, primeiramente, deveriam proteger e salvar as pessoas brancas. Algumas semanas antes, na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, um homem negro foi morto pelo vizinho, militar da Marinha, após o atirador achar que se tratava de um assaltante. Naturalizou-se matança de pessoas negras, no Brasil, e os protestos contra esta barbárie são vistos com maus olhos. O que estes episódios, afastados geograficamente por milhares de quilômetros, têm em comum com a fenomenologia do racismo desenvolvida por Frantz Fanon? A análise desta aproximação será feita através do levantamento de reflexões de Fanon sobre as metafísicas da brancura e da negrura, do esquematismo epidérmico e do racismo cultural.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cultura. Esquema Epidérmico. Fenomenologia. Racismo.

ABSTRACT: Alarmed by Russian bombings of the Ukrainian cities, terrified masses of people fled. Initially, sought refuge in the neighboring countries. Amidst of the profusion of reports about the material and emotional effects of the attacks, causes and effects of the conflict, the Ukrainian racism against black people came to public attention. These were being prevented from leaving Ukraine because the authorities decided they had to protect and save white people first. A few weeks earlier, in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, a black man was killed by his neighbor, a Navy soldier, after the shooter thought that he was an assailant. The killing of black people has become naturalized in Brazil, and protests about this barbarity are viewed with bad eyes. What does these episodes, geographically separated by thousands of kilometers, have in common with the phenomenology of racism developed by Frantz Fanon? The analysis of this approximation will be done through a survey of Fanon's reflections of the metaphysics of whiteness and blackness, epidermal schematism and cultural racism.
KEYWORDS: Culture. Epidermal Schematism. Phenomenology. Racism.
DEVIR DIASPÓRICO E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM UNIVERSALISMO HÍBRIDO
Authors: Vilhena Adeilson Lobato 
Published: November 2023

Buscar-se-á neste artigo elementos teóricos que ajude a pensar o conceito de um novo modelo de universalismo, todavia, que não seja aos moldes do universalismo unilateral, apresentado pelo pensamento ocidental, e que teve a razão como guia unificadora das experiências individuais. Nossa hipótese é de que há um devir poético negro, portanto, diaspórico que se mostra em travessia que, ao se encontrar com outros devires, ou com outras humanidades passa a reconfigurar o universalismo, agora, de feição híbrida. Para tanto, partimos de uma abertura conceitual na configuração da metafísica tradicional, empreendida por Bergson, que nos ajuda a conceber ontologicamente o sentido de devir vital. Ver-se-á que a irradiação do pensamento de Bergson lança luz à estrutura teórica desenvolvida por Senghor em seu empreendimento de melhor pensar a constituição de um universal pós-colonial, uma vez que esse universal é atravessado e movido pelo que o poeta da négritude vem chamar de devir negro. Tal devir possibilita ânimo à construção de outra universalidade, aliás, é dele que vem a principal contribuição d’ África negra à civilização do universal.
Palavras-chave: Bergson; Senghor; Devir; Universalismo.
Use of feature importance statistics to accurately predict asthma attacks using machine learning: A cross-sectional cohort study of the US population
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Asthma attacks are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations, and identification of associations with asthma attacks is necessary to improve public awareness and the timely delivery of medical interventions.

Objective
The study aimed to identify feature importance of factors associated with asthma in a representative population of US adults.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a modern, nationally representative cohort, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2017–2020). All adult patients greater than 18 years of age (total of 7,922 individuals) with information on asthma attacks were included in the study. Univariable regression was used to identify significant nutritional covariates to be included in a machine learning model and feature importance was reported. The acquisition and analysis of the data were authorized by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board.

Results
7,922 patients met the inclusion criteria in this study. The machine learning model had 55 out of a total of 680 features that were found to be significant on univariate analysis (P<0.0001 used). In the XGBoost model the model had an Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (AUROC) = 0.737, Sensitivity = 0.960, NPV = 0.967. The top five highest ranked features by gain, a measure of the percentage contribution of the covariate to the overall model prediction, were Octanoic Acid intake as a Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) (gm) (Gain = 8.8%), Eosinophil percent (Gain = 7.9%), BMXHIP–Hip Circumference (cm) (Gain = 7.2%), BMXHT–standing height (cm) (Gain = 6.2%) and HS C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) (Gain 6.1%).

Conclusion
Machine Learning models can additionally offer feature importance and additional statistics to help identify associations with asthma attacks.
Investigating the impact of physical activity on mitochondrial function in Parkinson’s disease (PARKEX): Study protocol for A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Magaña Juan Carlos , Deus Cláudia Maria , Baldellou Laura , Avellanet Merce , Gea-Rodríguez Elvira , Enriquez-Calzada Silvia , Laguna Ariadna , Martínez-Vicente Marta , Hernández-Vara Jorge , Giné-Garriga Maria , Pereira Susana Patricia , Montane Joel 
Published: November 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive dopaminergic neuron degeneration, resulting in striatal dopamine deficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with PD pathogenesis. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to ameliorate neurological impairments and to impede age-related neuronal loss. In addition, skin fibroblasts have been identified as surrogate indicators of pathogenic processes correlating with clinical measures. The PARKEX study aims to compare the effects of two different PA programs, analyzing the impact on mitochondrial function in patients’ skin fibroblasts as biomarkers for disease status and metabolic improvement. Early-stage PD patients (n = 24, H&Y stage I to III) will be randomized into three age- and sex-matched groups. Group 1 (n = 8) will undergo basic physical training (BPT) emphasizing strength and resistance. Group 2 (n = 8) will undergo BPT combined with functional exercises (BPTFE), targeting the sensorimotor pathways that are most affected in PD (proprioception-balance-coordination) together with cognitive and motor training (Dual task training). Group 3 (n = 8) will serve as control (sedentary group; Sed). Participants will perform three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Assessment of motor function, quality of life, sleep quality, cognitive aspects and humor will be conducted pre- and post-intervention. Patient skin fibroblasts will be collected before and after the intervention and characterized in terms of metabolic remodeling and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Ethical approval has been given to commence this study. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05963425).
Trial registration. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/history/NCT05963425.
Sexual orientation disclosure and depression among Thai gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: The roles of social support and intimate partner violence
Authors: Encina Eduardo , Waratworawan Worawalan , Kongjareon Yamol , Desai Mayur M. , Guadamuz Thomas E. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM), sexual orientation disclosure to social groups can act as a significant risk for depression. The primary goal of this research is to understand the association between disclosure and depression, the association of social support and intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences, depression, and disclosure.

Methods
This project uses a secondary dataset of Thailand from a larger cross-sectional study distributed in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region. This study utilized web-based answers from 1468 Thai GBM respondents between the ages of 15–24 years.

Results
Prevalence of depression was over 50%. Across the social groups of interest, those who disclosed to everyone had the lowest depression prevalence. This association was statistically significant for all groups (p<0.050) except for “Family members” (p = 0.052). There was a statistically significant association illustrated between full disclosure to social groups and increased social support. Most respondents (43.9%) had low social support, and additionally this group had the highest level of depression, compared to those with high social support. There was a statistically significant association for lowered depression outcomes and increased social support. IPV experiences that occurred within the last six months had a statistically significant relationship with depression (p = 0.002). There was a notable association between those with experiences of being a victim of IPV, alone and in conjunction with experience of being a perpetrator of IPV, which was associated with increased odds of depression. However, the type of IPV experiences an individual had did not differ based on disclosure status.

Discussion
This study provides strengthened evidence of the impact that differences in supportive networks can have on mental health outcomes. In addition, they provided a wider consideration for how people may have different IPV experiences, either as a perpetrator, victim, or both, and how those shapes health outcomes of depression. GBM communities still face adversity and challenges that affect their long-term health outcomes, even if they do live in what is considered an accepting country.
Association of inflammatory cytokines with obesity and pulmonary function testing
Authors: Al Khathlan Noor 
Published: November 2023

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the prevalence of obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 33.7% (women 39.5% and men 29.5%), respectively. The effects of obesity on airway inflammation and respiratory mechanics as well as the function of adipose tissue has a key role in the development of various lung diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the level of cytokines between obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese participants and to assess their association with BMI, airways inflammation and pulmonary function.

Method
One-hundred and seven non-smoking students (18–25 years of age) were recruited using convenience sampling technique for comparative cross-sectional study. Of them, 80 students were eligible and included in the analysis; 54 were non-obese (BMI<30) and 26 were obese (BMI ≥ 30). All the participants underwent anthropometric measurements, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, spirometry and cytokines measurement (IL-6, IL-1β, GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-10). Measurements were compared between obese and non-obese groups. Then a correlation test was made between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines with BMI, pulmonary function test finding and FeNO.

Results
The prevalence of obesity was 32.5% in the study population. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels was significantly higher in obese than non-obese participants (p = 0.044). The level of FeNO log was significantly higher in obese participants than non-obese (p = 0.002). The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 showed positive correlation with BMI while GMCSF showed negative correlation with FVC (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was found to be significantly higher in obese participants than non-obese participants. Furthermore, it showed positive correlation with BMI whereas pro-inflammatory cytokine GMCSF showed negative correlation with FVC.
Compliance to specifications in an external quality assurance program: did new biological variation estimates of the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) affect the quality of laboratory results?
Authors: Ricós Carmen , Perich Carmen , Bullich Sandra , Ventura Montserrat , Piqueras Berta , Panadés Mariona , Fernández-Calle Pilar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The results of external quality assurance schemes are evaluated against specifications generally based on biological variation (BV) data. This study was carried out to determine whether new BV values affected the level of compliance to specifications. Our secondary objective was to identify the conditions that would be compromised as a result of poor analytical performance in disease associated markers.

Methods
This study was based on the results of the SEQCML External Quality Assurance scheme for the 2015–2022 period. Deviation of the individual result from the target value was estimated. Additionally, we calculated the percentage of results that met the pre-established specification.

Results
In 97 of the 133 analytes, the level of compliance was maintained in 80–90 % of the results obtained in the two study periods. In 23 analytes, the level of compliance ranged from 51 to 79 % in the two study periods. In ALT, AST and sodium, the level of compliance was ≤50 % of the results obtained in the first study period, with sodium being the only analyte that maintained this poor level of compliance in the second study period.

Conclusions
The level of compliance to specifications remained independent from the specification used (SEQCML or EFLM) for the majority of the analytes. The results for sodium ion were below the target value, which may lead to misdiagnosis of hyponatremia. Non-compensated alkaline picrate methods overestimate creatinine, which may produce false information suggestive of kidney failure.