bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality management for chronic subdural hematoma in China: protocol and characteristics of an ambidirectional, nationwide, multicenter registry study
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhao Zhihao , Huang Jinhao , Zhu Xide , Chen Weiliang , Lin Kun , Yu Yunhu , Li Zhanying , Fan Yibing , Liu Mingqi , Nie Meng , Liu Xuanhui , Gao Chuang , Quan Wei , Qian Yu , Wu Chenrui , Yuan Jiangyuan , Wu Di , Lv Chuanxiang , Dong Shiying , Mi Liang , Tian Yu , Tian Ye , Zhang Jianning , Jiang Rongcai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite its prevalence, there is ongoing debate regarding the optimal management strategy for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), reflecting the variability in clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. This ambidirectional, nationwide, multicenter registry study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of multimodality treatment approaches for CSDH in the Chinese population.

Methods/design
A multicenter cohort of CSDH patients from 59 participating hospitals in mainland China was enrolled in this study. The treatment modalities encompassed a range of options and baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, radiographic findings, and surgical techniques were documented. Clinical outcomes, including hematoma resolution, recurrence rates, neurological status, and complications, were assessed at regular intervals during treatment, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years follow-up.

Result
Between March 2022 and August 2023, a comprehensive cohort comprising 2173 individuals who met the criterion was assembled across 59 participating clinical sites. Of those patients, 81.1% were male, exhibiting an average age of 70.12 ± 14.53 years. A historical record of trauma was documented in 48.0% of cases, while headache constituted the predominant clinical presentation in 58.1% of patients. The foremost surgical modality employed was the burr hole (61.3%), with conservative management accounting for 25.6% of cases. Notably, a favorable clinical prognosis was observed in 88.9% of CSDH patients at 3 months, and the recurrence rate was found to be 2.4%.

Conclusion
This registry study provides critical insights into the multimodality treatment of CSDH in China, offering a foundation for advancing clinical practices, optimizing patient management, and ultimately, improving the quality of life for individuals suffering from this challenging neurosurgical condition.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2200057179
WCNS schemes and some recent developments
Authors: Chen Yaming , Deng Xiaogang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWeighted compact nonlinear schemes (WCNS) are a family of nonlinear shock capturing schemes that are suitable for solving problems with discontinuous solutions. The schemes are based on grids staggered by flux points and solution points, resulting in algorithms with the nonlinear interpolation step independent of the difference step. Thus, only linear difference operators are needed, such that geometric conservation law can be preserved easily, resulting in the preservation of freestream condition. In recent years, these schemes have attracted a lot of attention in the community of computational fluid dynamics. This paper intends to give a brief review of the basic algorithms of these schemes and present some related recent developments.
Altered expression of long non-coding RNAs NRON and SNHG11 in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Gharbi Negin , Mahmoudinasab Hamideh , Hooshmandi Etrat , Rahimi Mousa , Bayat Mahnaz , Karimi Najmeh , Hojati Seyedeh Shamim , Zayani Zoofa , Tabrizi Reza , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs, known as LncRNAs, have demonstrated a robust association with the pathogenesis of stroke. NRON and SNHG are among the most extensively studied lncRNAs in the context of atherosclerosis and inflammatory conditions. Given the absence of a current pathophysiological hypothesis regarding the potential relevance of the SNHG family and NRON lncRNAs in ischemic stroke (IS), this study aimed to investigate the altered expression of NRON and SNHG11 following atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (AIS) and their potential association with the risk of AIS.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from 65 AIS patients (with large artery atherosclerosis or small vessel disease) and 65 controls. The expression levels of NRON and SNHG11 were assessed within the first 24 h following the stroke using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results
NRON expression exhibited a significant decrease in patients compared to controls, while no substantial difference was observed in the expression level of SNHG11 between the two groups. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between NRON expression and the risk of AIS (adjusted odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.89, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that NRON may play a role in the pathogenesis of AIS and could potentially serve as a biomarker for the disease. To fully comprehend the mechanism underlying the association between NRON and AIS and to explore its potential therapeutic implications, further investigation is warranted.
Targeting the Filipino gut microbiota in the management of hypertension
Authors: Sianoya Abraham C. , Nicodemus Nemencio A. , Dalmacio Leslie Michelle M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is a major health problem in the Philippines, being the second leading disease and the second leading factor driving the most death and disability in the country. Despite efforts made toward increasing awareness, improving availability of medications, and strengthening patient adherence, more than 7 in every 10 hypertensive Filipinos still have uncontrolled hypertension.

Main body
In the recent years, the role of gut microbiota in hypertension has been highlighted, with studies showing alterations in the gut microbiota of hypertensive individuals and its positive effect on the pharmacokinetics of some antihypertensive drugs.

Conclusions
These findings show how gut microbiota can be an important but possibly overlooked consideration in the management of hypertension in the Philippines. Clinicians might benefit from maximizing the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension to achieve good BP control and ultimately address the burden of uncontrolled hypertension in the country.
The clinical musculoskeletal ultrasonography: Egyptian guidelines for structured musculoskeletal ultrasound scanning and reporting
Authors: Miedany Yasser El , Gaafary Maha El , Mortada Mohamed , Abaz Nouran , Hassan Waleed , Mansour Mona , Fouda Neven Mahmoud , Fayed Hala Lotfy , ELkhouly Radwa Mostafa , Mahran Safaa , Abozaid Hanan S. , Ali Hany M. , Radwan Ahmed , Elnady Basant , Soliman Eiman , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work is to set up the standards for performing musculoskeletal ultrasound scans and reporting as an additional procedure in the rheumatology setting. We used two rounds of the Delphi approach to get the consensus on a musculoskeletal ultrasound reporting.

Results
Fifteen expert panels had completed the two rounds of surveys. After the end of round two, eighteen recommendations distributed upon eight domains were released. The percentage of the agreement on the recommendations was 93.3 to 100 %. All eighteen key questions were answered at the end of the second round with agreement.

Conclusion
A musculoskeletal ultrasound report template has been developed by this study, based on outcomes of a Delphi process, by an international participants’ panel. All domains met the 80% voting threshold set in this work. The reporting template can be used for both clinical research as well as standard practice to provide guidance and standardize the musculoskeletal ultrasound reporting.
Clinical features and predictors of metabolic syndrome among obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Kaddah Safy Zahid , Korany Merna Hamada , Ibrahim Eman Kamal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are two diseases associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic complications and both share the same risk factors such as obesity and smoking.

Objectives
To study the clinical features and predictors of MetS in OSA patients.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the sleep lab of the Pulmonology Department at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, during the period from September 2022 to March 2023. Eighty OSA patients were included, and each patient was subjected to history taking, body measurements, blood pressure measurements, Epworth sleepiness scale, STOP-BANG score, polysomnography, and laboratory investigations including lipid profile and (HBA1C), MetS was defined based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines. Then patients were classified into two groups; OSA with MetS and OSA without MetS, we compared both groups using a one-way (ANOVA) test.

Results
MetS was diagnosed in 66.3% of the study group. OSA with MetS had higher BMI (44.76 ± 9.55) with significant p values (< 0.001), lower average O2 saturation % (90.23 ± 5.5, p value = 0.013), and longer SPO2 time < 90% (37.39 ± 34.14, p value = 0.034) than the other group. BMI, waist, hip, and neck circumferences and SPO2 < 90% were predictors of MetS among OSA patients with significant p values. Females had significantly higher BMI (46.64 ± 9.58), p value = 0.015. Males had significantly higher AHI than females (32.99 ± 24.02 versus 19.83 ± 14.74 respectively), p value = 0.031.

Conclusion
MetS was diagnosed in 66.3% of OSA. BMI, neck, hip, waist circumferences, and SPO2 < 90% were predictors of MetS among OSA.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered, date of registration is 18/09/2023, and number of registration is NCT06051097. The link to the study on clinicaltrials.gov.
A review of leaf fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Kiruthika A. V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe utilization of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite has received greater attention in various fields due to its recyclability; inexpensive, nonabrasive, specific properties; light-weight, naturally decomposed, abundant availability; etc. Natural fibers are generally lignocellulosic and multicellular, a better alternate to the synthetic materials. Among the natural fibers, leaf fibers are hard fibers, used in the making of filaments, threads, ropes, mats, fabrics, etc. PALF, sisal, henequen, cantala, fique, alfa, and sansevieria family are the examples of the leaf fibers. The present comprehensive review aims to provide different types of leaf fibers, their properties, and their reinforced composites. The effect of various factors like fiber volume fraction, fiber aspect ratio (length/diameter), fiber orientation, packing arrangement, matrix content and coupling agents, and processing techniques towards the mechanical properties of leaf fiber-reinforced polymer composites, is discussed. The surface modification of fiber such as alkaline, silane, KMnO4, and their effects on the mechanical properties is given. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water absorption (WA) characteristics are also discussed.
Maternal type 1 diabetes, preterm birth, and risk of intellectual disability in the offspring: A nation-wide study in Sweden
Authors: Persson Martina , Tedroff Kristina , Yin Weiyao , Andersson Franko Mikael , Sandin Sven 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
There are few data on long-term neurological or cognitive outcomes in the offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aims of this study were to examine if maternal T1D increases the risk of intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring, estimate the amount of mediation through preterm birth, and examine if the association was modified by maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Design
Population-based cohort study using population-based data from several national registries in Sweden.

Setting and participants
All offspring born alive in Sweden between the years 1998 and 2015.

Main outcome measure
The risk of ID was estimated through hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (HR, 95% CI) from Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounding. Risks were also assessed in mediation analyses and in subgroups of term/preterm births, in relation to maternal HbA1c and by severity of ID.

Results
In total, 1,406,441 offspring were included. In this cohort, 7,794 (0.57%) offspring were born to mothers with T1D. The risk of ID was increased in offspring of mothers with T1D (HR; 1.77, 1.43–2.20), of which 47% (95% CI: 34–100) was mediated through preterm birth. The HRs were not modified by HbA1c.

Conclusion
T1D in pregnancy is associated with moderately increased risks of ID in the offspring. The risk is largely mediated by preterm birth, in particular for moderate/severe cases of ID. There was no support for risk-modification by maternal HbA1c.
Synthetic Data Improve Survival Status Prediction Models in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyunwook , Jang Won Seok , Sim Woo Seob , Kim Han Sang , Choi Jeong Eun , Baek Eun Sil , Park Yu Rang , Shin Sang Joon 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE In artificial intelligence–based modeling, working with a limited number of patient groups is challenging. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether applying synthetic data generation methods to the clinical data of small patient groups can enhance the performance of prediction models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A data set collected by the Cancer Registry Library Project from the Yonsei Cancer Center (YCC), Severance Hospital, between January 2008 and October 2020 was reviewed. Patients with colorectal cancer younger than 50 years who started their initial treatment at YCC were included. A Bayesian network–based synthesizing model was used to generate a synthetic data set, combined with the differential privacy (DP) method. RESULTS A synthetic population of 5,005 was generated from a data set of 1,253 patients with 93 clinical features. The Hellinger distance and correlation difference metric were below 0.3 and 0.5, respectively, indicating no statistical difference. The overall survival by disease stage did not differ between the synthetic and original populations. Training with the synthetic data and validating with the original data showed the highest performances of 0.850, 0.836, and 0.790 for the Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost models, respectively. Comparison of synthetic data sets with different epsilon parameters from the original data sets showed improved performance >0.1%. For extremely small data sets, models using synthetic data outperformed those using only original data sets. The reidentification risk measures demonstrated that the epsilons between 0.1 and 100 fell below the baseline, indicating a preserved privacy state. CONCLUSION The synthetic data generation approach enhances predictive modeling performance by maintaining statistical and clinical integrity, and simultaneously reduces privacy risks through the application of DP techniques.
Fecal Immunochemical Testing and the Risk of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia: A Difference-In-Difference Analysis
Authors: Zhang Guanglu , Wang Yiying , Zhao Lizhong , Zhang Mingqing , Zhang Weihua , Zhang Weituo , Zhang Shiwu , Zhang Huan , Wang Dezheng , Wang Yijia , Xie Li , Qian Biyun , Zhang Xipeng 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study among 5,598 participants age 40-74 years between 2012 and 2020 in Tianjin, China. Inverse probability weighting was adopted to adjust for potential imbalanced factors between groups. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the weighted associations between FIT screening and advanced colorectal neoplasia. A difference-in-difference (DID) model was adopted to compare the incidence rates of advanced colorectal neoplasia between groups. RESULTS In DID analysis, the rate of incidence was reduced by 0.34 cases per person-years in the screening group as compared with the historical FIT screening group (rate ratio [RR], 0.08 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.10]) and by 0.06 cases per person-years in the non-FIT screening group as compared with the historical non-FIT screening group (RR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.48]; P < .001 for both comparisons), with a relative reduction of 0.28. Similar benefit effect from FIT screening was observed in sex and age subgroups. CONCLUSION FIT screening was associated with a reduction in incidence density from advanced colorectal neoplasia.
Latin American Consensus for the Evaluation and Treatment of Patients With Metastatic/Locally Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Manneh Kopp Ray , Galanternik Fernando , Schutz Fabio A. , Kater Fabio , Ramos-Esquivel Allan , Neciosup Silvia , Sobrevilla-Moreno Nora , Bernal Vaca Laura , Ibatá-Bernal Linda , Martínez-Rojas Susan , Bourlon Maria T. 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE Urothelial cancer accounts for approximately 3% of new cancer cases worldwide, with a high burden of disease in countries with medium and low human development indexes where its incidence and mortality are increasing. The purpose of this consensus is to develop statements on the evaluation and treatment of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma that would further guide the clinical practice in Latin America. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted by an independent team of methodologists. Then, a modified Delphi method was developed with clinical specialists from different Latin American countries. RESULTS Forty-two consensus statements, based on evidence, were developed to address the staging, the evaluation (suitability for chemotherapy, risk assessment, and biomarkers), and systemic treatment (first-line and subsequent therapies) of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The statements made in this consensus are suggested practice recommendations in the Latin American context; however, the importance of a complete and individualized patient evaluation as a guide for therapeutic selection is highlighted. The availability and affordability of support tools for the evaluation of the disease, as well as specific therapies, may limit the application of the best practices suggested. Recommendations Therapeutic decisions need to be tailored to the context-specific clinical setting and availability of resources. Local research is promoted to improve outcomes for patients with this challenging cancer in Latin America.
Fermionic quantum gas at finite temperature within a Lorentz-violating background
Authors: Costa Rafael L. J. , Sobreiro Rodrigo F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work we consider a fermionic quantum gas within a Lorentz-violating background at finite temperature. We derive the effective action within path integral formalism considering the interaction of external electromagnetic field and Lorentz-violating background fields with quantum fermions. To introduce the temperature effects, we employ the Matsubara formalism. Comments about the corresponding phenomenology are also made.
Optimizing Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential Tremor: A Randomized Controlled Trial for Target Consideration
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Shen Ruinan , Lin Zhengyu , Wang Tao , Wang Lingbing , Huang Peng , Feng Tienan , Liu Jun , Ding Jianqing , Zhang Chencheng , Li Dianyou , Wu Yiwen 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) is a well-established target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of essential tremor (ET). Increasing data indicate that the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) may be superior, but high-level evidence is limited. We aimed at further comparing the intraindividual efficacy and side effect profile of PSA vs VIM DBS in ET.

METHODS:
In this randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 4-contact DBS leads were bilaterally implanted with single-trajectory covering the VIM and PSA. Patients were randomized postsurgery to 2 groups, receiving VIM stimulation (4-7 months) and then PSA stimulation (8-11 months) or vice versa. The primary end point was the difference in improvement from baseline to the end of the VIM vs PSA DBS period in the total score of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTM-TRS).

RESULTS:
Ten patients with medically refractory ET were enrolled, and 9 completed the study. The difference between reduction of FTM-TRS total score in the PSA vs VIM DBS period was −7.4 (95% CI: −28.5 to 13.7, P = .328). Clinical benefit was achieved at significantly lower stimulation intensity under PSA DBS. Furthermore, PSA DBS provided greater improvement in head tremor subscore of FTM-TRS (PSA vs VIM: −2.2, P = .020) and disease-specific quality of life (PSA vs VIM: −13.8, P = .046) and induced fewer speech (Dysphonia Severity Index score: P = .043; diadochokinetic rate: P = .007; VDI score: P = .005) and gait disturbances compared with VIM DBS. Seven patients remained with PSA DBS after the crossover phase.

CONCLUSION:
Our study confirms that PSA-DBS is comparable with VIM-DBS in suppressing tremors, superior in improving disease-specific quality of life, and possibly more effective in reducing head tremor.
Comparative physiology reveals heat stress disrupts acid–base homeostasis independent of symbiotic state in the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Allen-Waller Luella R. , Jones Katelyn G. , Martynek Marcelina P. , Brown Kristen T. , Barott Katie L. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Climate change threatens the survival of symbiotic cnidarians by causing photosymbiosis breakdown in a process known as bleaching. Direct effects of temperature on cnidarian host physiology remain difficult to describe because heatwaves depress symbiont performance, leading to host stress and starvation. The symbiotic sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana provides an opportune system to disentangle direct versus indirect heat effects on the host, as it can survive indefinitely without symbionts. We tested the hypothesis that heat directly impairs cnidarian physiology by comparing symbiotic and aposymbiotic individuals of two laboratory subpopulations of a commonly used clonal strain of E. diaphana, CC7. We exposed anemones to a range of temperatures (ambient, +2°C, +4°C and +6°C) for 15–18 days, then measured their symbiont population densities, autotrophic carbon assimilation and translocation, photosynthesis, respiration and host intracellular pH (pHi). Symbiotic anemones from the two subpopulations differed in size and symbiont density and exhibited distinct heat stress responses, highlighting the importance of acclimation to different laboratory conditions. Specifically, the cohort with higher initial symbiont densities experienced dose-dependent symbiont loss with increasing temperature and a corresponding decline in host photosynthate accumulation. In contrast, the cohort with lower initial symbiont densities did not lose symbionts or assimilate less photosynthate when heated, similar to the response of aposymbiotic anemones. However, anemone pHi decreased at higher temperatures regardless of cohort, symbiont presence or photosynthate translocation, indicating that heat consistently disrupts cnidarian acid–base homeostasis independent of symbiotic status or mutualism breakdown. Thus, pH regulation may be a critical vulnerability for cnidarians in a changing climate.