bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokines in Immune-mediated “Non-infectious” Uveitis
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Kanavaros Panagiotis , Vartholomatos Georgios , Moussa George , Chʼng Soon Wai , Kalogeropoulos Chris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUveitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity and accounts for approximately 5 – 10% of visual impairments worldwide, particularly among the working-age population. Infections are the cause of ~ 50% cases of uveitis, but it has been suggested that infection might also be implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis. There is growing evidence that cytokines (i.e., interleukins, interferons, etc.) are key mediators of immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis. For example, activation of the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 signalling pathway is involved in immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis. Studies in animal models have been important in investigating the role of cytokines in uveitis. Recent studies of clinical samples from patients with uveitis have allowed the measurement of a considerable array of cytokines even from very small sample volumes (e.g., aqueous and vitreous humour). The identification of complex patterns of cytokines may
contribute to a better understanding of their potential pathogenetic role in uveitis as well as to an improved diagnostic and therapeutic approach to treat these potentially blinding pathologies. This review provides further insights into the putative pathobiological role of cytokines in immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis.
Novel Synthetic Industrial Approach for Efficient Synthesis of Baclofen through C–C Bond Formation
Authors: Jagtap Ashutosh , Raut Changdev , Qureshi Shafiya Kausar , Kadam Nitin , Mungase Kailas , Marepu Nagaraju , Ambhaikar Narendra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBaclofen is an active pharmaceutical ingredient used for the treatment of muscle spasticity. We describe our efforts to develop a novel synthetic approach through C–C bond formation and a cost-effective route to baclofen. The synthesis involved a two-step approach through C–C bond formation using the extensively and commercially available starting material 4-chlorobenzyl cyanide with chloroacetic acid as a reagent in an aprotic solvent, followed by reduction of the nitrile functional group. The synthetic route to baclofen has been demonstrated to be commercially viable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. Execution of the developed process led to the isolation of (+)-baclofen in an overall yield of 60% at a multikilogram scale with >99.5% HPLC purity. This article also discusses the cost-effectiveness of the process, the impurity profiling, and the product quality.
Fetal Growth and Adiposity of Infants Born Large for Gestational Age in Three Harmonized Randomized Trials
Authors: Poprzeczny Amanda J. , Louise Jennie , Deussen Andrea R. , Dodd Jodie M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective Infants born large for gestational age (LGA) are at an increased risk of short- and longer-term adverse outcomes. Understanding fetal growth and adiposity and their trajectories may help inform interventions to prevent birth of LGA infants. We aimed to compare fetal growth and adiposity measures of infants born LGA with those born not LGA, to determine whether the discrepancy at birth was primarily due to larger size throughout gestation, or instead to different trajectories of fetal growth.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of secondary outcomes of fetal growth and adiposity from three harmonized randomized trials—the LIMIT, GRoW, and Optimise randomized trials. These trials recruited women in early pregnancy, and a singleton gestation, from three major public metropolitan Adelaide maternity hospitals. Maternal body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.5 to ≥40.0 kg/m2. Data were obtained from enrolled women who underwent research ultrasounds at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation. Outcome measures were ultrasound measures of fetal biometry and adiposity.
Results Infants born LGA had larger fetal biometry measures, and higher growth trajectories, from 20 weeks' gestation. Fetal adiposity measures were consistently larger among infants born LGA and these differences increased over time. We did not find evidence that the differences in biometry and adiposity measurements varied according to maternal BMI.
Conclusion Infants born LGA had larger fetal biometry measures at all time points from 20 weeks' gestation, compared with infants born not LGA suggesting any interventions to prevent LGA likely need to commence earlier in pregnancy or prior to conception.
Key Points
Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms and Dissecting Aneurysms in Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Wajima Daisuke , Shimozato Rin , Takeshita Tomonori , Nagamine Tomoaki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with a hypercoagulable state and ischemic stroke. However, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is uncommon. Here, we report a case series of SAH caused by ruptured cerebral aneurysms or dissecting aneurysms (DAs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss the potential relationships between them.
Case Description Four of the six patients had a history of COVID-19, ranging from 2 to 9 days, one had COVID-19 pneumonia for 1 month, and one had SARS-CoV-2 positivity on admission. Plain head computed tomography revealed diffuse SAH in all cases, while angiography revealed a DA in the right posterior cerebral artery (P2 portion) in patient 1, DA in the right vertebral artery (VA) in patients 2 and 6, anterior communicating artery aneurysm in patient 3, blister aneurysm in the right internal cerebral artery (ICA) (C2 portion) in patient 4, and DAs in the right VA and extracranial portion of the right ICA in patient 5. Treatment comprised internal trapping for patients 1, 2, and 6; neck clipping for patient 3; stent-assisted coiling for patient 4; and internal trapping and flow diversion for patient 5. All the patients' postoperative courses were uneventful.
Conclusion The present cases alone do not provide clear evidence on whether SARS-CoV-2 infection causes ruptured cerebral aneurysms or DAs. Therefore, accumulation of more cases and further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and these aneurysm conditions.
Complete Intraventricular Migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: Once in a Blue Moon Phenomenon of Shunt Surgery
Authors: Yadav Vikrant , Prasad Ravi Shankar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShunt surgery is a very common neurosurgical procedure for hydrocephalus. It is associated with numerous complications, and intraventricular shunt migration is one of rarest. Various mechanisms have been described to explain this rare entity. Hereby we present an index case of this rare complication of shunt surgery in which patient presented with tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus having intraventricular shunt migration and will discuss possible mechanisms responsible for it. A 1-year old male infant, previously diagnosed case of tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus with right-sided ventriculoperitoneal shunt in situ, presented to the emergency department with bulging fontanelles secondary to shunt malfunction. Left-sided ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. After few months, patient turned up again with left-sided shunt malfunction and right-sided intraventricular migrated shunt. Endoscopy-assisted removal of intraventricular migrated shunt and simultaneous third ventriculostomy was done. Patient improved in postoperative period. Being an extremely uncommon complication, intraventricular migration of shunt described as “once in a blue moon” phenomenon. It can be avoided by proper surgical technique with adequate-sized burr hole. Removal of shunt is preferred for prevention of infection.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome as a Complication of Surgical Scaphoid Reconstruction in Nonunion and Secondary Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Brackertz Sophie , Andronic Octavian , Reissner Lisa , Pastor Torsten , Schweizer Andreas , Nagy Ladislav 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for postoperative carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in operative management for scaphoid nonunion and secondary fracture dislocation, treated surgically with takedown and bone grafting. We reviewed medical records of all our patients that underwent carpal tunnel release after scaphoid reconstruction surgery from August 2002 to December 2020. We identified a total of 7 out of 191 patients (3.7%). We investigated surgical parameters, pre- to postoperative changes, in three-dimensional measurements of the scaphoid and carpal tunnel morphometry. We found the preoperative intrascaphoid angle (ISA) and the postoperative change in ISA to correlate with an increased risk of postoperative CTS. Patients undergoing operative scaphoid reconstruction that require a high degree of geometric correction can be at risk to develop postoperative CTS, hence they should be subject to a lower threshold decision for prophylactic carpal tunnel release.
Level of Evidence Level III.
A Comparison of Rib Osteochondral Graft to Medial Femoral Trochlear Osteocartilaginous Graft for the Salvage of the Fragmented Scaphoid Proximal Pole: A Single-Center Experience with Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Butler Stephen , Galbraith John , Ek Eugene T. H. , Berger Anthony , McCombe David , Tham Stephen K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose Fragmented fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid that cannot be internally fixed may be salvaged by four-corner arthrodesis or proximal row carpectomy. Replacement of the proximal scaphoid with costal-osteochondral graft (COG) or the medial femoral trochlea (MFT) graft are two alternative solutions for this clinical presentation. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results of the COG and the MFT graft with a minimum 2-year follow-up from a single centre.
Methods A retrospective study was performed to investigate the outcome of COG and MFT with a minimum 2 year follow up. Demographic data and clinical assessment including wrist range of motion and grip strength measurements and Oxford Knee score were collected. Patients completed the outcome measures of Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), and a ten-point visual analogue score for pain (VAS). Radiological examination was performed on all wrists at follow-up.
Results The visual analogue score, DASH and PRWE were similar between the two groups. There was radiographic evidence of arthritis between the radial styloid and distal scaphoid in all patients that underwent COG but no evidence in those that underwent MFT graft reconstruction. There were different complications in each group. Thirty percent of patients that underwent MFT reconstruction had persistent knee pain at follow up.
Conclusion Though there are notable differences in the follow-up period, patients undergoing MFT risk developing knee pain, while those undergoing COG risk radiographic progression of wrist arthritis.
Level of Evidence III – Comparative study.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Detection of Perineural Spread in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharma Pranav , Ajjikuttira Aiyapa , Malacova Eva , Gillespie Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) for the detection of perineural spread (PNS) in head and neck cancer patients.
Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to May 20, 2022. We included diagnostic accuracy studies that used CE-MRI for the diagnosis of PNS in patients with head and neck cancer, using histopathology from surgical specimens as the reference standard. Potential bias and applicability of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADUS-2) tool. Pooled joint effect sizes of sensitivity and specificity were calculated by applying bivariate random-effects meta-analysis model.
Results Nine studies with 259 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CE-MRI for detecting PNS were 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73–96) and 83% (95% CI: 73–90), respectively. Stratifying by MRI strength, 1.5 T had a higher sensitivity of 97% (95% CI: 47–100) compared with 3 T, which had a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 72–90). Both 1.5- and 3-T MRI had a similar specificity in detecting PNS of 85% (95% CI: 63–95) and 84% (95% CI: 75–91), respectively.
Conclusions CE-MRI provides good diagnostic test accuracy for the detection of PNS in head and neck cancer. Current evidence suggests 1.5-T MRI provides greater sensitivity compared with 3-T MRI.
9.14.5 Phospholes (Update 2024)
Authors: Tobrman T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract1H-Phospholes are five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a low degree of aromaticity. The low aromaticity of 1H-phospholes makes them a unique motif in terms of their applications in materials chemistry. On the other hand, 1H-phospholes have reactivity that contrasts with that of other five-membered heterocyclic compounds, such as furans, pyrroles, and thiophenes. This review summarizes procedures used for the preparation of substituted 1H-phospholes in the period 2012–2023. In addition, the synthesis of phospholide ions and (5-phospholyl complexes is described.
15.10.4 Acridin-9(10H)-ones and Related Systems (Update 2024)
Authors: Wang L. , Liu M. , Cheng J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcridinones are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles due to their unique therapeutic and biological properties, including anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-asthmatic, and anti-herpes activities. This is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis contribution covering methods for the preparation of acridin-9(10H)-ones and related ring systems, focusing on advances reported between 2005 and 2023.
22.1.2.3 Thioacyl Halides (Update 2024)
Authors: Li X. , Song Q. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSulfur-containing functional groups feature widely in a broad spectrum of important compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Methods for the synthesis of thioacyl halides have been well-summarized and reviewed in Science of Synthesis in 2005; this update is focused on the most significant advances that have been reported since then.
22.1.5.3 Selenothiocarboxylic Se-Acid Esters (Update 2024)
Authors: Li X. , Song Q. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSulfur-containing functional groups feature widely in a broad spectrum of important compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Methods for the synthesis of selenothiocarboxylic Se-acid esters have been well-summarized and reviewed in Science of Synthesis in 2005; this update is focused on the most significant advances that have been reported since then.
22.1.7.2 Thioamides (Update 2024)
Authors: Tang R.-Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of thioamides, with a focus on the literature published in the period 2005–2022. In this time, a number of new synthetic methods for the preparation of thioamides have been developed. A variety of substrates, including amides, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, carboxylic acids, thiocarboxylic acids, β-oxo carboxylic acids, alkynes, alkenes, oximes, benzylamines, benzylic alcohols, benzylic thiols, benzyl disulfides, active methylene compounds, and isothiocyanates, have been applied in these transformations. The sulfur agents used include Lawesson’s reagent, elemental sulfur, sulfide salts, phosphorus pentasulfide, thiourea, dithiophosphate, carbon disulfide, and thiophosphoryl chloride.
Verbal play in dementia care
Authors: Lin Shumin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Humor has been found to be used as a discourse strategy for negotiating power relations and mitigating FTAs in institutional elderly care. Drawing from two years of ethnography in two adult day centers in Taiwan, this article examines verbal play between a person living with dementia and a caregiver over time to illustrate how verbal play is used as meaningful, tailored practices for person-centered dementia care that leads to enhanced cognition and positive emotion. The caregiver’s framing of dementia care as person-centered and her laminating multiple frames of interactions to enrich communicative environments provides a fruitful approach to dementia care in institutional contexts and beyond.
High voltage flexible glucose/O2 fully printed hydrogel-based enzymatic fuel cell
Authors: Marchianò Verdiana , Tricase Angelo , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Macchia Eleonora , d’Ingeo Silvia , Franco Cinzia Di , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa , Bollella Paolo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Herein we report on a novel enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) based on stencil printed electrodes modified with pyrrolo quinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase, which are assembled by considering two different configurations: (i) normal assembling in liquid electrolyte and (ii) six EFCs connected in series, each one comprising both bioanode and biocathode, coupled through a hydrogel-based electrolyte in a stack-like mode similar to a Voltaic pile. After a deep electrodes characterization, they are assembled according to the first configuration obtaining an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.562 ± 0.002 V. Moreover, the EFC performance are substantially improved by using the second configuration (six EFCs connected in series) obtaining an OCV of 2.36 ± 0.22 V with a maximum power output of 22.9 ± 0.9 μW at a cell voltage of 1.95 V (operating in 10 mM D-glucose). This innovative approach represents a proof-of-concept towards the development of renewable power sources and could serve as a critical step in powering implantable bioelectronics, such as pacemakers.
Ultrafast photocarrier dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots investigated via optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy
Authors: Juguilon Vince Paul , Lumantas-Colades Deborah Anne , Omambac Karim , Cabello Neil Irvin , Maeng Inhee , Kang Chul , Somintac Armando , Salvador Arnel , Reyes Alexander De Los , Kee Chul-Sik , Estacio Elmer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Optical pump-terahertz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy was performed to measure the lifetime of photogenerated carriers in the barrier and the wetting layer (WL) regions of an indium arsenide on gallium arsenide (InAs/GaAs) single-layer self-assembled quantum dot (QD) sample. A modified rate equation model of carrier dynamics was proposed where possible state-filling in both QD and WL is considered. Drude model fitting was also performed to extract the time-dependent plasma frequency and phenomenological scattering time from the terahertz transmission spectra. The results of the OPTP experiment show two prominent recombination processes that occur at different timescales after photoexcitation. These two processes were attributed to carrier recombination in the GaAs barrier and the quantum well-like states of the WL based on the fitted lifetimes. Calculations using the coupled differential rate equations were also able to replicate the experimental trend at low fluence. The lack of agreement between experimental data and numerical calculations at high optical fluence was mainly attributed to the possible saturation of the GaAs density of states. Lastly, the results of the parameter fitting for the plasma frequency and scattering time indicate a transition from the barrier to the WL recombination as the dominant carrier recombination mechanism within the time scale of the OPTP scan. This further lends credence to the proposed model for carrier dynamics in SAQD systems under state-filling conditions.
Generalized Fano resonance theory based on Fabry-Perot cavity
Authors: Guan Xueyu , Liu Qingquan , Li Chenlu , Yin Zhiqin , Wu Jie , Yu Peiqi , Lu Wei , Wang Shaowei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fano resonance is a pervasive phenomenon observed across many systems, which has traditionally been interpreted through the coupled harmonic oscillator model. However, the traditional model is limited, especially for different line shapes. In this study, we offer a generalized model by incorporating an imaginary coupling coefficient. This approach fundamentally differs from existing theories by identifying two unique Fano line shapes in the electric field of metallic Fabry–Perot cavity. The model connects the imaginary coupling coefficient with phase distribution of the coupling mode, thus revealing the relationship between Fano line shapes and the trend of phase shifts. This provides a new way for understanding and manipulating Fano resonance. The Fano resonance generation has been validated experimentally through reflection spectra. Our investigation offers a new perspective for understanding of Fano resonance via the coupled harmonic oscillator model and paves a way for the development of dynamically tunable Fano resonance devices.
A cross-domain intelligent fault diagnosis method based on multi-source domain feature adaptation and selection
Authors: Jia Ning , Huang Weiguo , Cheng Yao , Ding Chuancang , Wang Jun , Shen Changqing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although fault diagnosis methods integrating transfer learning are research hotspots, their ability to handle industrial fault diagnosis problems with large domain differences still needs to be improved. A multi-source domain feature adaptation and selection method is presented to address the issues of domain mismatch and domain negative transfer. The method integrates the top-level network parameter transfer strategy with the 2D convolutional neural network backbone network to acquire the target domain feature extractor quickly. Multiple feature adaptive extractors (FAEs) are constructed using a multi-branch structure to align the source and target domain’s feature distributions, respectively. The inter-domain distance computed by multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy is embedded in the FAEs loss function to improve the inter-domain matching degree. Based on the information gain of the adaptively integrated features, the ensemble adaptive selection is performed on the extracted feature matrices to exclude the negative transfer feature. Finally, the effective feature matrix is input into the diagnosis classifier for classification. Cross-domain fault diagnosis experiments are developed based on the data set gathered from several types of rotating machinery operated under varied working conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods in terms of fault detection accuracy, generalization, and stability.