bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of MC nylon and polyazomethine/MC nylon composites
Authors: Qu Xiongwei , Ding Huili , Lu Jianying , Wang Yuexin , Zhang Liucheng 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCrystallization kinetics of MC nylon (PA6) and polyazomethine (PAM)/MC nylon (PAM/PA6) both have been isothermally and nonisothermally investigated by different scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two stages of crystallization are observed, including primary crystallization and secondary crystallization. The Avrami equation and Mo's modified method can describe the primary stage of isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization of PA6 and PAM/PA6 composite, respectively. In the isothermal crystallization process, the values of the Avrami exponent are obtained, which range from 1.70 to 3.28, indicating an average contribution of simultaneous occurrence of various types of nucleation and growth of crystallization. The equilibrium melting point of PA6 is enhanced with the addition of a small amount of rigid rod polymer chains (PAM). In the nonisothermal crystallization process, we obtain a convenient method to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PA6 and PAM/PA6 composites by using Mo's method combined with the Avrami and Ozawa equations. In the meanwhile, the activation energies are determined to be −306.62 and −414.81 KJ/mol for PA6 and PAM/PA6 (5 wt %) composite in nonisothermal crystallization process from the Kissinger method. Analyzing the crystallization half‐time of isothermal and nonisothermal conditions, the over rate of crystallization is increased significantly in samples with a small content of PAM, which seems to result from the increased nucleation density due to the presence of PAM rigid rod chain polymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2844–2855, 2004
Application of enzymes and chitosan biopolymer to the antifelting finishing process
Authors: Onar Nurhan , Sariişik Merih 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe surveyed environmentally friendly chemicals and mild processes that could be used to avoid the high absorbable organic halogen compounds (AOX) load and damage to the environment from the waste of wool plants. In this research, we sought to achieve a new zero‐AOX processing alternative to conventional processes such as chlorine/Hercosett processing and thus use environmentally friendly enzymes and chitosan as a biopolymer. We studied enzymatic, oxidative, and additive processes and various combinations of them to improve the shrink‐proofing and antifelting properties of wool. We performed our experiments with enzymatic treatments using commercial protease preparations, such as Perizym AFW, Alcalase 2.5L, Savinase 16L, and papain. The oxidative agents were hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochloride, and the additive agents were based on polyurethane, polysiloxane, and silicone, as well as chitosan, a hydrophilic and natural polymer. We attempted to determine the agent or combination that best improved the shrink‐proofing properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2903–2908, 2004
Solid polymer electrolytes based on nanocomposites of ethylene oxide–epichlorohydrin copolymers and cellulose whiskers
Authors: Schroers Michael , Kokil Akshay , Weder Christoph 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWith the aim of developing ion‐conducting solid polymer electrolytes that combine high ionic conductivity with good mechanical properties, we prepared and investigated nanocomposites of LiClO4‐doped ethylene oxide‐epichlorohydrin (EO‐EPI) copolymers and nanoscale cellulose whiskers derived from tunicates. We show that homogeneous nanocomposite films based on EO‐EPI copolymers, LiClO4, and tunicate whiskers can be produced by solution‐casting THF/water mixtures comprising these components and subsequent compression‐molding. The Young's moduli of the nanocomposites thus produced are increased by a factor of up to >50, when compared to the copolymers, whereas the electrical conductivities experience only comparably small reductions upon introduction of the whiskers. The nanocomposite with the best combination of conductivity (1.6 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature and a relative humidity of 75%) and Young's modulus (7 MPa) was obtained with a copolymer having an EO‐EPI ratio of 84 : 16, a whisker content of 10% w/w, and a LiClO4 concentration of 5.8% w/w. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2883–2888, 2004
UV curable pressure‐sensitive adhesives for fabricating semiconductors. II. The effect of functionality of acrylate monomers on the adhesive properties
Authors: Horigome Katsuhiko , Ebe Kazuyoshi , Kuroda Shin‐ichi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn an attempt to control the adhesive properties of acrylic copolymer‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives, a series of multifunctional acrylate monomers were added and UV cured. The adhesive compound with a difunctional monomer had increased peel strength after UV curing. On the other hand, the compound with a tri‐ or more functional (polyfunctional) monomer had markedly decreased strength after UV curing. Those adhesives containing any polyfunctional monomer also showed much higher storage modulus than an adhesive containing a difunctional monomer. The greater volume contraction of UV‐cured polyfunctional monomer suggested microvoids at the interface between the adhesive layer and the adherent, resulting in poor strength. Estimated values of the peel strength of UV‐cured adhesives according to the theoretical equations proved that the strength is approximately inversely proportional to the elastic moduli. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2889–2895, 2004
Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of thin film from corn hull arabinoxylan
Authors: Zhang Pingyi , Whistler Roy L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIsolated corn hull arabinoxylan was dissolved in water and provided a clear solution. Plasticizer (glycerol, propylene glycol, or sorbitol) was added to the arabinoxylan solution at 0–20 wt % (film dry weight), which was cast into stable films. Film thickness ranged from 22 to 32 μm. Mechanical properties, moisture content, and water vapor permeability (WVP) were studied for the arabinoxylan‐based films as a function of plasticizer concentration. Measured data for the corn hull arabinoxylan–based films were 13–18 wt % moisture content, 10–61 MPa tensile strength, 365–1320 MPa modulus, 6–12% elongation, and 0.23–0.43 × 10−10 g m−1 Pa−1 s−1 water vapor permeability. Plasticized arabinoxylan films produced in this study had lower WVPs than those of unplasticized films, which is likely attributable to the phenomenon known as antiplasticization. Scanning electron micrographs showed a homogeneous structure on film surfaces. Films containing sorbitol had the best moisture barrier properties. When grapes were coated with arabinoxylan and arabinoxylan/sorbitol films, weight loss rates of the fruit decreased by 18 and 41%, respectively, after 7 days. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2896–2902, 2004
AT4 receptor binding in the developing rabbit
Authors: Burns Gilbert A. , Ann‐Marie Thiessen , Jodie Hanesworth , Harding Joseph W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe binding of the AT4‐specific analog, divalinal‐AngIV (Dival), was studied in rabbit fetuses of various gestational ages. Saturation isotherm and competition data from selected tissues indicate that fetal Dival binding sites are saturable and specific for AT4 ligands. Autoradiographs revealed that binding was present in all the specimens examined. The peripheral nerves, kidneys, and heart were particularly heavily labeled. Labeling of some tissues, such as forming bones, was not constant as gestational age increased. Other tissues, including multilocular fat, sinus hairs, and enamel organs of nascent teeth, exhibited substantial binding as these tissues developed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JNK MAP kinase is involved in the humoral immune response of the greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella
Authors: Wojda Iwona , Kowalski Patryk , Jakubowicz Teresa 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe investigated the participation of MAP kinases in the response of Galleria mellonella larvae to immune challenge. JNK MAP kinase was activated in fat body 10–15 min after LPS injection in vivo. The level of JNK activation was time‐ and LPS dosage‐dependent. JNK MAP kinase isolated from cell‐free extract of fat bodies dissected from immune stimulated larvae phosphorylated c‐Jun protein in vitro. The activity of Gm JNK kinase was abolished in the presence of the JNK specific inhibitor SP600125. Our data indicate a correlation between JNK phosphorylation and induction of antimicrobial activity in the insect hemolymph after immune stimulation. Hemolymph from larvae pre‐treated with JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 showed a reduced level of antibacterial activity after LPS injection. JNK inhibition by SP600125 abolished antibacterial activity of the in vitro culture of G. mellonella fat body. Finally, we also show a correlation between JNK‐dependent immune response of G. mellonella larvae and elevated temperature. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 56:143–154, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bombyx mori prothoracicostatic peptide inhibits ecdysteroidogenesis in vivo
Authors: Liu Xin , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Song Qisheng , Xu Bujin , Hua Yuejin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBombyx prothoracicostatic peptide (Bom‐PTSP) is a brain neuropeptide that has recently been reported to have in vitro inhibitory activity to prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)‐stimulated ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the prothoracic gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. In the present report, Bom‐PTSP has been shown to significantly decrease hemolymph ecdysteroid titer in the fifth instar larvae when Bom‐PTSP was injected into the fifth instar day 8 silkworm larvae, resulting in significant delay in spinning behavior. This is the first evidence that Bom‐PTSP inhibits in vivo ecdysteroidogenesis in the silkworm. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 56:155–161, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active sites in the carboxyl‐terminal region of the laminin α chain in Drosophila neuronal cell spreading
Authors: Takagi Yasumitsu , Nomizu Motoyoshi , Ui‐Tei Kumiko , Tokushige Naoko , Hirohashi Setsuo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn established Drosophila neuronal cell line (BG2‐c6) proved to be useful to analyze laminin‐mediated cell spreading and signal transduction [Takagi et al. (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270:482–487]. Here, we report, in addition to the whole molecule, the truncated α chain of Drosophila laminin (containing the entire carboxyl‐terminal globular domain) and two dodecapeptides corresponding to the cell‐binding sites identified in the α1 chain of mouse laminin were also active to stimulate BG2‐c6 cell spreading. Our previous study [Takagi et al. (1996) J Biol Chem 271:18074–18081] revealed that these recombinant protein and synthetic peptides promoted neurite outgrowth in the primary cell culture system prepared from Drosophila embryo. Therefore, the similar effects by these proteins and peptides suggest the presence of a common mechanism of laminin and neuronal cell interaction working in both primary and established cells. One of the two active peptides contains the sequence SIKVGV. Its murine counterpart carries the sequence SIKVAV by which the interaction of laminin and cells is mediated. Furthermore, laminin‐dependent BG2‐c6 cell spreading was inhibited by heparin. This observation suggests that cell surface glycoproteins participate in the interaction of laminin and BG2‐c6 cells. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 56:162–169, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatty acyl‐CoA elongation in Blatella germanica integumental microsomes
Authors: Juárez M. Patricia 
Published: July 2004

AbstractInsect cuticular hydrocarbons are synthesized de novo in integumental tissue through the concerted action of fatty acid synthases (FASs), fatty acyl‐CoA elongases, a reductase, and a decarboxylase to produce hydrocarbons and CO2. Elongation of fatty acyl‐CoAs to very long chain fatty acids was studied in the integumental microsomes of the German cockroach, Blatella germanica. Incubation of [1‐14C]palmitoyl‐CoA, malonyl‐CoA, and NADPH resulted in the production of 18‐CoA with minor amounts of C20, C22, C24, C30, and C32 labeled acyl‐CoA moieties. Similar experiments with [1‐14C]stearoyl‐CoA rendered C20‐CoA as the major product, and lesser amounts of C22 and C24‐CoAs were also detected. After solubilization of the microsomal FAS, kinetic parameters were determined radiochemically or by measuring NADPH consumption. The reaction velocity was linear for up to 3 min incubation time, and with a protein concentration up to 0.025 μg/μl. The effect of the chain length on the reaction velocity was compared for palmitoyl‐CoA, stearoyl‐CoA, and eicosanoyl‐CoA. The optimal substrate concentration was 10 μM for C16‐CoA, between 8 and 12 μM for C18‐CoA, and close to 3 μM for C20‐CoA. In vivo hydrocarbon biosynthesis was inhibited from 55.5 to 72.5% in the presence of 1 mM trichloroacetic acid, a known inhibitor of elongation reactions. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 56:170–178, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A neurohormonal role for serotonin in the control of locust oviducts
Authors: Lange Angela B. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSerotonin increases the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions and leads to an increase in the basal tonus of the locust oviducts. These effects were dose‐dependent and were seen on both the non‐innnervated and innervated portion of the oviducts. Vertebrate type serotonin agonists and antagonists were used and the profile shows that the receptors on the non‐innervated and innervated portion of the oviducts are more similar to 5‐HT3 receptors than to either 5‐HT1 or 5‐HT2 receptors. No serotonin was found associated with the oviducts or the innervation to the oviducts using immunohistochemistry and HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection, suggesting a neurohormonal role for serotonin in the control of locust oviducts. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 56:179–190, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate
Authors: Lee Ae K. , Lee Joo H. , Kwon Jong W. , Kim Won B. , Kim Sang G. , Kim So H. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn rats pretreated with dexamethasone (an inducer of CYP3A1/2 in rats) and troleandomycin (an inhibitor of CYP3A1/2 in rats), the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) values of clarithromycin were significantly smaller (365 compared with 600µgmin/ml) and greater (1410 compared with 581µg min/ml), respectively, than those in control rats. This indicated that clarithromycin was metabolized via CYP3A1/2 in rats. The expression of CYP3A1(23) increased in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate (rats with U‐ARF). Hence, it could be expected that AUC of clarithromycin could be smaller in rats with U‐ARF. However, after intravenous administration of clarithromycin at a dose of 20mg/kg, the AUC and time‐averaged total body (Cl) and nonrenal (Clnr) clearance values were comparable between the two groups of rats. The 9000 × g supernatant fraction of liver homogenates in rats with U‐ARF had comparable metabolic activities for clarithromycin compared with those in control rats, suggesting that the CYP3A isozyme responsible for metabolism of clarithromycin seemed not to be expressed considerably in the rats. This could explain the comparable AUC, Cl and Clnr values of clarithromycin between the two groups of rats. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A slug, a fox, a pair of sox: Transcriptional responses to neural crest inducing signals
Authors: Heeg‐Truesdell Elizabeth , LaBonne Carole 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe neural crest, a cell type found only in vertebrate embryos, gives rise to the structures of the skull and face and most of the peripheral nervous system, as well as other cell types characteristic of vertebrates. These cells are of great clinical significance and a wide variety of congenital defects are due to aberrant neural crest development. Increasing numbers of studies are contributing to our understanding of how this group of cells form and differentiate during normal development. Wnt, FGF, BMP, and Notch‐mediated signals all have essential roles in this process, and several of these signals appear to play multiple temporally distinct roles. Changes in the response of neural crest cells to the same signal over time may be mediated, in part, by an ever‐changing cocktail of transcription factors expressed within these cells. Neural crest development is thus a complex multistep process, and elucidating the molecular mechanisms that mediate distinct aspects of this process will require that we determine the role of each of these factors alone and in combination. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of the signals and downstream transcription factors involved in neural crest cell formation. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 72:124–139, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural crest contribution to mammalian tooth formation
Authors: Miletich Isabelle , Sharpe Paul T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cranial neural crest cells, which are specialized cells of neural origin, are central to the process of mammalian tooth development. They are the only source of mesenchyme able to sustain tooth development, and give rise not only to most of the dental tissues, but also to the periodontium, the surrounding tissues that hold teeth in position. Tooth organogenesis is regulated by a series of interactions between cranial neural crest cells and the oral epithelium. In the development of a tooth, the epithelium covering the inside of the developing oral cavity provides the first instructive signals. Signaling molecules secreted by the oral epithelium 1) establish large cellular fields competent to form a specific tooth shape (mono‐ or multicuspid) along a proximodistal axis; 2) define an oral (capable of forming teeth) and non‐oral mesenchyme along a rostrocaudal axis; and 3) position the sites of future tooth development. The critical information to model tooth shape resides later in the neural crest–derived mesenchyme. Cranial neural crest cells ultimately differentiate into highly specialized cell types to produce mature dental organs. Some cranial neural crest cells located in the dental pulp, however, maintain plasticity in their developmental potential up to postnatal life, offering new prospects for regeneration of dental tissues. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 72:200–212, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neural crest: Basic biology and clinical relationships in the craniofacial and enteric nervous systems
Authors: Farlie Peter G. , McKeown Sonja J. , Newgreen Donald F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe highly migratory, mesenchymal neural crest cell population was discovered over 100 years ago. Proposals of these cells' origin within the neuroepithelium, and of the tissues they gave rise to, initiated decades‐long heated debates, since these proposals challenged the powerful germ‐layer theory. Having survived this storm, the neural crest is now regarded as a pluripotent stem cell population that makes vital contributions to an astounding array of both neural and non‐neural organ systems. The earliest model systems for studying the neural crest were amphibian, and these pioneering contributions have been ably refined and extended by studies in the chick, mouse, and more recently the fish to provide detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating and regulated by the neural crest. The key questions regarding control of craniofacial morphogenesis and innervation of the gut illustrate the wide range of developmental contexts in which the neural crest plays an important role. These questions also focus attention on common issues such as the role of growth factor signaling in neural crest cell development and highlight the central role of the neural crest in human congenital disease. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 72:173–189, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell surface molecules and truncal neural crest ontogeny: A perspective
Authors: Moore Robert , Larue Lionel 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe neural crest cell is synonymous with vertebrates and can be viewed as a transitory, mobile vector that conveys neuroepithelial stem cells to a diverse number of remote locations in the embryo. Neural crest cells have been studied intensively over the past 30 years, and it is increasingly apparent that their fate is, at least in part, directed extrinsically by the environment to which they are exposed in vivo. The interface between the cell surface and the opposing environment is clearly an important compartment for the correct deployment of the neural crest. Here, we review some of the molecules present in this location and how they influence the fate of the neural crest and generate disease. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 72:140–150, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanisms of neural crest induction
Authors: Basch Martín L. , García‐Castro Martín I. , Bronner‐Fraser Marianne 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe neural crest is an embryonic cell population that originates at the border between the neural plate and the prospective epidermis. Around the time of neural tube closure, neural crest cells emigrate from the neural tube, migrate along defined paths in the embryo and differentiate into a wealth of derivatives. Most of the craniofacial skeleton, the peripheral nervous system, and the pigment cells of the body originate from neural crest cells. This cell type has important clinical relevance, since many of the most common craniofacial birth defects are a consequence of abnormal neural crest development. Whereas the migration and differentiation of the neural crest have been extensively studied, we are just beginning to understand how this tissue originates. The formation of the neural crest has been described as a classic example of embryonic induction, in which specific tissue interactions and the concerted action of signaling pathways converge to induce a multipotent population of neural crest precursor cells. In this review, we summarize the current status of knowledge on neural crest induction. We place particular emphasis on the signaling molecules and tissue interactions involved, and the relationship between neural crest induction, the formation of the neural plate and neural plate border, and the genes that are upregulated as a consequence of the inductive events. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 72:109–123, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endovascular stents for treatment of coarctation of the aorta: Acute results and follow‐up experience
Authors: Johnston Troy A. , Grifka Ronald G. , Jones Thomas K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBalloon angioplasty as treatment for coarctation of the aorta is increasingly performed. Endovascular stents have been proposed as a means of improving the efficacy and safety of the procedure. In this report, we describe one institution's immediate results and clinical follow‐up after implantation of endovascular stents. Retrospective analysis for endovascular stent placement for coarctation of the aorta between 1993 and 2002 was made. The immediate hemodynamic results and clinical follow‐up were reviewed. Thirty‐two patients underwent attempted stent placement for coarctation. Twenty‐three patients had postoperative recurrent coarctation and nine had native coarctation. The systolic gradient decreased from 31 to 1.8 mm Hg (P = 0.001) and the diameter was increased 8.1 to 13.5 mm (P–0.001). Mean follow‐up was 1.5 years. The mean follow‐up gradient as assessed by sphygomomanometry was 13.1 mm Hg. Eight patients underwent 10 successful further dilations. Complications included one stent migration and one aortic dissection. The use of stents as an adjunct to balloon angioplasty in selected patients with coarctation can be performed with low complication rates and provides excellent immediate relief of obstruction with promising follow‐up. Further dilation of these stents is possible. Long‐term follow‐up is warranted. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:499–505. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.