bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the response of blood pressure to modernization
Authors: Schall Joan I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSex and age differences in the incidence of hypertension and blood pressure (BP) levels and their concomitants are examined among the Manus of Papua New Guinea in the context of modernization. For Manus men, BP increases directly with both degree of modernization and duration of migration to the local towns and larger cities of Papua New Guinea, accompanied by similar increases in body mass and subcutaneous fat. For Manus women, however, although body mass and fatness increase along the modernization continuum, BP does not. Risk for hypertension (140/90 mm Hg) was increased fourfold among men who resided in town (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–13.2) and also among those who were in the highest tertile of fatness (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–10.4). Among women, older age (≥45) alone significantly increased risk tenfold (AOR = 10.5, 95% CI 1.7–66.8). Using a Mantel‐Haenszel χ2, a meta‐analysis of sex and age differences in relative risk for hypertension (160/95 mm Hg) among 20 Pacific populations, 9 traditional living and 11 undergoing modernization, was performed. While young men showed increased risk in modernizing populations (summary relative risk [SRR] = 1.34, 95% CI 1.12–1.60), older men had significantly reduced risk for hypertension compared with women in both traditional (SRR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.33–0.64) and modernizing groups (SRR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.84). This crossover between the sexes with advancing age is also evident for BP levels in a larger sample of societies and suggests a biological basis for hypertension risk. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender differences and similarities in effects of nonpharmacologic approaches to the treatment of mild hypertension
Authors: Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Davis Barry R. , Oberman Albert , Blaufox M. Donald , Kirchner Kent 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTAIM, the Trial of Antihypertensive Interventions and Management, studied the effects of dietary sodium restriction or weight reduction, alone and in combination with low‐dose diuretic or beta blocker on blood pressure after 6 months. The responses to these interventions of men compared to women are presented for those persons randomized to placebo drug. Men undergoing a weight‐reduction intervention were able to lose more weight (5.9 kg) than women (3.1 kg), P ⩽ 05. Men also had a greater percentage of wright loss and a greater reduction in body mass index (BMI), although not significantly so. Weight loss was correlated to a decrease in triglycerides (r = 0.37), but not in cholesterol. The weight‐reduction intervention lowered triglycerides more in men (−81 mg/dl) than in women(−21 mg/dl; P = .008). There were no sex differences in abiility to reduce sodium or increase potassium for those in the sodium restriction group. Both men and women decreased their sodium to the same extent by 36 mmol/day and 25 mmol, respectively, and increased their potassium by 13 mmol and 11 mmol, respectively. Blood pressure response at 6 months was greater in men than in women on weight reduction (a drop in diastolic pressure of −11 mmHg in men and 7 mmHg in women, P =.04). Sodium restriction had a similar effect on blood pressure in both sexes, and among men resulted in a significantly smaller reduction in blood pressure than did weight reduction. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Head circumference for Mexican American infants and young children from the Hispanic health and nutrition examination survey (HHANES 1982–1984): Comparisons with Whites and Blacks from NHANES II (1976–1980)
Authors: Wellens Rita , Roche Alex F. , Ryan Alan S. , Guo Shumei , Kuczmarski Robert J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study presents descriptive statistics for head circumference in Mexican American children 6 months to 7 years of age using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982–1984) and compares these statistics with national estimates of head circumference for non‐Hispanic White children and non‐Hispanic Black children from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II, 1976–1980). Head circumference was measured in the same standardized fashion in the two surveys. The patterns of change with age in means and in empirical percentiles were similar for both genders and for all three ethnic groups. Values for head circumference increased with age, but the rate of increase became less as age advanced. Analyses indicated that at 1, 2, and 4 years of age, mean values for head circumferences for non‐Hispanic White boys were significantly larger than those for Mexican American boys. The differences in mean values for head circumferences ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 cm. Because ethnic differences in head circumferences are small in magnitude, ethnic‐specific sets of reference data for head circumference are not needed for clinical evaluation of Mexican Americans, non‐Hispanic Whites, and non‐Hispanic Blacks. Further analyses may be necessary when additional information from NHANES III allows the calculation of the 5th and 95th percentiles for Black and Mexican American children with small confidence limits. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth weight and childhood size in a national sample of 6‐ to 11‐year‐old children
Authors: Brody Debra J. , Flegal Katherine M. , Gergen Peter J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe extent to which body size (stature, weight, or weight‐for‐stature) in later childhood is related to birth weight for normal‐weight, full‐term infants was explored using data from a national sample of U.S. children examined in Cycle II of the National Health Examination Survey, 1963–65. Standardized measurements of stature and weight from 4,689 white singletons ages 6–11 years were linked with birth certificate information. There were small but consistent positive associations of attained stature and weight with birth weight. The Body Mass Index (BMI), a measure of weight in proportion to stature, was also positively related to birth weight, although not as consistently, suggesting that the greater attained weight of higher birth weight children may be related to increased adiposity as well as to greater stature. However, simulations of the effect of an across‐the‐board increase in birth weight by 100 g or 200 g showed a negligible expected increase in the number of children with high BMI values. These findings indicate that birth weight is directly or indirectly a factor related to growth in childhood, but that upward shifts in the distribution of birth weight would have little effect on the prevalence of childhood obesity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, IncThis article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
.
Prognostic performance of several anthropometric indicators for predicting low and insufficient birth weight
Authors: Jiménez Rafael , Bacallao Jorge 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWeight gain and several anthropometric indicators were studied in a sample of 181 pregnant women. The period considered ranged from the 12th to the 34th weeks of gestation. Changes in all of the attributes were calculated and related to a birth weight below 3,000 g. Optimal cut‐off points for each indicator were defined as those which minimize a loss functioin which depends on the rates of false positive and false negatives. The independent predictive capacity of each attribute was assessed by means of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, relative risk, and two “measures of detectability” associated to the ROC (relative operating characteristic) curve of the attribute. A logistic regression model was fitted by searching for the best combination of indicators. The individual predictive capacities of the attributes were considerably improved when they were combined into a logistic equation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population differences in cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test
Authors: Duncan Margaret T. , Husain Ruby , Chen Hui‐Min , Horvath Steven M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe interaction of race and climatic adaptation on patterns of cardiovascular reactivity among young adult males was examined. Malay and Chinese subjects living in a tropical climate in the Orient and Caucasians living in a sub‐tropical climate in North America were investigated. The cold pressor test with hand immersion in cold water was used as the stressor. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cardiac frequency, cardiac output, and stroke volume were measured. The results provided limited evidence for absence of differences in cardiac reactivity among racial groups and for greater vascular reactivity in the Caucasians. Cold immersion also elicited differential responses which could be partially attributed to differences in acclimatizations status. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth of a national sample of Israeli children: Are local standards needed?
Authors: Palti H. , Adler B. , Bendel J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStatures and weights of two national samples of Jewish children, from 9–15 months and 7–10 years of age, and their birth weights were studied, based on personal records (n = 7,532 and 4,638 respectively). Comparison with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) median indicated that the median birth weight of the population is similar to the reference population. At both ages, males and females were slightly lighter and shorter than the reference data. Although the differences are small, <25% of the respective standard deviations for weight and stature, they are statistically significant due to the large sample sizes. The magnitude of the difference, however, has no biological meaningfulness. Jewish children of Asian and African origin have lower weights and statures at 8.75 years of age than Jewish children of European or American origin. The maximal differences between the ethnic groups are 1.4 kg and 2.5 cm in males after adjusting for maternal education, age, and birth order. The similar growth of Israeli children relative to NCHS reference data suggests that their growth is relatively unconstrained. The NCHS data are thus the reference of choice for the Israeli Jewish population. The small difference between ethnic groups, the continuously changing ethnic composition, and the homogenization of the population over time justify use of one standard for the heterogeneous Israeli population. Worldwide migration in the 1990s, considerable immigration to Israel, and heterogeneous gene pools in most countries make the construction of local standards irrelevant. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of religion, economics, and geography on genetic structure of Fogo Island, Newfoundland
Authors: Crawford M. H. , Koertevlyessy T. , Huntsman R. G. , Collins M. , Duggirala R. , Martin L. , Keeping D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe population structure of Fogo Island, Newfoundland is described using geography, religious affiliation, economic factors (such as the presence of a fish‐packing plant), and genetic markers. Five different analytic methods, R‐matrix analysis, rii VS. mean per locus heterozygosity, predicted kinship (ϕ), mean first passage time, and Mantel matrix comparisons, were applied to the Fogo Island genetic and demographic data. The results suggest that geography plays a role on Fogo Island in the distribution of genes, while religion, ethnicity, and economic factors play less significant roles. The communities with fish‐packing plants and tourism serve as migratory “sinks” for Fogo islanders seeking employment. Reproductively, the most isolated village on Fogo Island is Tilting, and this is reflected in its genetic uniqueness, initially caused by Irish settlement and subsequently the action of stochastic processes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations between maternal and fetal serum levels of immune activation markers and fetal growth
Authors: Hoff Charles , Peterson Raymond D. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDuring pregnancy, signs of maternal immunologic sensitization to fetal HLA and other fetoplacental alloantigens are often detectable in peripheral blood. Presumbly, this in part reflects immune activity at the maternal‐fetal interface. This response may involve activation of maternal T cells, which stimulate placental growth via lymphokine production. To shed light on this mechanism, data on placental weight, neonatal anthropometry, gestational age, fetomaternal HLA relationships (reflecting a potential for HLA allosensitization), and serum levels of three immune activation markers in maternal and cord blood were collected in a sample of 61 primiparous women and their neonates. The activation markers were soluble CD8 antigen (sCD8), interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R), and beta‐2 microglobulin (β2m). Mean fetal and maternal sCD8 and β2m levels, and mean fetal sIL‐2R levels were significantly higher than published norms. Fetal means for all three markers exceeded maternal means, and both sIL‐2R and β2m were highly correlated between mother and fetus. This suggests that fetal sIL‐2R and β2m levels result in part from transport or diffusion from the maternal compartment. No associations were found between fetomaternal HLA relationships, activation markers, and placental weight. The difference between the fetal and maternal β2m value was significantly correlated with birth weight, controlling for chest circumference and crown‐heel length. Associations between birth weight and fetomaternal HLA relationships could not be interpreted with certainty. These findings suggest that maternal immune activation and diffusion or transport of β2m into fetal compartment enhances fetal growth in fat‐free body mass. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coca chewing among high altitude natives: Work and muscular efficiencies of nonhabitual chewers
Authors: Brutsaert Tom , Milotich Mark , Frisancho A. Roberto , Spielvogel Hilde 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylum sp.) have long been chewed by natives of the highland Andes. Folk belief is that the mild stimulant effect is indispensable as an ergogenic aid for strenuous work activities in a high altitude environment. This study explored the exercise responses of 23 nonhabitual coca chewing males who were asked to pedal a bicycle ergometer through a series of submaximal and maximal workloads both with and without coca chewing. The protocol of the exercise test was specifically designed to allow for the determination of work and muscular efficiencies during to submaximal work. The subjects showed no differences between the coca and control work protocols for VO2max (1/min), VCO2max (1/min), or maximal work output (watts). Further, there were no differences between coca and control work protocols in oxygen saturation (%), pulmonary ventilation (1/min), or respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2) at any level of work. Coca chewing caused subjects to have a higher heart rate (bpm) and lower oxygen pulse (ml/beat) for most submaximal workloads and higher ventilatory equivalents (VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2) above 50% of VO2max. Although there was a tendency for higher gross efficiencies (GE) during the coca exercise test at lower relative work levels, between 30–40% of the VO2max, this difference did not reach significance. Mean net efficiency (NE) was higher (P=0.018) at a relative work level of ∼32% of the VO2max for exercise with coca (23.2% vs. 20.8%). This difference was not apparent at any other work level. The mean delta efficiency (DE) was significantly lower (P = 0.012) for exercise with coca (26.7%) than for exercise without coca (28.2%). These efficiency differences suggest a muscle metabolic effect for coca chewing at low workloads whereby less oxygen is consumed by the muscle to perform a given work task. Howeve, given the difficulty of interpreting efficiency values, it is not entirely clear if the differences are indicative of a work performance benefit for coca chewing. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Red cell enzymes and plasma protein polymorphisms in the population of Cabo Verde (West Africa)
Authors: Parra E. J. , Ribeiro J. C. Teixeira , Riveiro A. , Vide M. C. , Llano C. , Caeiro J. L. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe genetic polymorphism of six red cell enzymes (ADA, AK1, ALAD, ESD, GLO1, and PGD) and 10 plasma proteins (AHSG, BF, F13A, F13B, GC, HP, ORM, PLG, TBG, and TF) is analyzed in a sample of 268 unrelated individuals from Cabo Verde (West Africa). The population of Cabo Verde was founded in the 15th century (1462), on the basis of a great number of slaves brought from the West African coast and a few Europeans, mainly from Portugal. The frequencies found in Cabo Verde for the majority of the markers are intermediate between those reported for Africans and Europeans. Further, the presence of alleles which are rarely or never seen in Blacks, but are common in Caucasians, suggest a substantial contribution of Europeans to the gene pool of the population of Cabo Verde. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haptoglobin and birth weight in a Bengalee population
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arup Ratan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA close relationship between birth weight and synthesis of haptoglobin was found in a study of cord blood derived from newborns. Newborn infants with detectable haptoglobin types showed, on average, significantly higher birth weight than those without detectable haptoglobin types under normal conditions. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic estimation of the humoral responses to several infectious agents
Authors: Kacprzak‐Bergman Irma 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHeritabilities of antibody levels to measles, rubella, and mumps were estimated in 88 MZ and DZ twin pairs. The contribution of genetic factors in phenotypic antibody levels to measles was somewhat lower than environmental factors in both sexes (h2= 0.450 and 0.459). A significantly stronger genetic than environmental control of anti‐mumps antibody levels was evident in both sexes, but more so in females (h2 = 0.882) than in males (h2 = 0.626). The genetic determination of anti‐rubella antibodies was also significantly higher in girls (h2 = 0.833), while environmental determination was greater in boys (h2 = 0.350). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucolipidosis I — A sialidosis
Authors: Spranger J. , Gehler J. , Cantz M. , Opitz J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMucolipidosis I is characterized by Hurler‐like features and skeletal dysplasia with a cherry‐red macular spot and signs of neurodegeneration involving neuronal cells and myelin. Excessive amounts of sialic acid‐containing compounds were found in cultured fibroblasts, leukocytes, and urine of a patient with a clinical phenotype of mucolipidosis I. In cultured fibroblasts, profoundly diminished activity of an α‐N‐acetylneuraminidase (sialidase) was found. Mucolipidosis I thus appears to be a distinct disorder of complex carbohydrate catabolism caused by the genetic deficiency of a neuraminidase.
Isolated acid neuraminidase deficiency: A distinct lysosomal storage disease
Authors: Kelly Thaddeus E. , Graetz Geoffrey , Opitz J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old female presented with coarse facies and hepatosplenomegaly at birth. Growth proceeded at an accelerated rate and mental development was normal. A pattern of dysostosis multiplex developed radiographically. Cytoplasmic inclusions consistent with lysosomal storage disease were demonstrated by electron microscopy in bone marrow, liver, and cartilage cells and in cultured skin fibroblasts. Assays of the fibroblasts revealed a specific deficiency of acid neuraminidase and 6‐fold increase in intracellular bound sialic acid. An unidentified macromolecular compound rich in sialic acid was excreted in excessive amounts in the urine. The phenotype suggests defective degradation primarily of glycoproteins and possibly to a lesser extent of keratan sulfate and gangliosides.
Severe mental retardation, cataracts, short stature, and primary hypogonadism in two brothers
Authors: Martsolf John T. , Hunter Alasdair G. W. , Haworth James C. , Herrmann J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo severely mentally retarded brothers are described who had a similar facial appearance, cataracts, short stature, minor digital abnormalities, and primary hypogonadism. Their parents were first cousins. Numerous laboratory investigations failed to elucidate a basic metabolic cause for their disorder.
X‐inactivation pattern in three cases of X/autosome translocation
Authors: Zabel Bernhard U. , Baumann Walter A. , Pirntke Wilfried , Gerhard‐Ratschow Kathrein , Francke Uta 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe an X/15 translocation which was balanced in a phenotypically normal mother [46,X,t(X;15) (p22;q15)] and unbalanced in her phenotypically abnormal daughter [46,X,der(X),t(X;15) (p22;q15)mat]. A third case involves a balanced X/21 translocation in a girl with a multiple congenital anomaly‐retardation syndrome [46,X,t(X;21) (p11;p11?)]. 5‐Brd U acridine orange banding on lymphocytes revealed late replication of the normal × chromosome in the mother and of the normal or abnormal × chromosome in the two other cases. Our findings are only partially consistent with previous observations. All X‐inactivation patterns can be explained by random inactivation and subsequent selection against specific cell lines. Furthermore, the findings in our patient with X/21 translocation support the hypothesis of the existence of one inactivation center on Xq.
A syndrome of severe midface retraction, multiple skull anomalies, clubfeet, and cardiac and renal malformations in sibs
Authors: Schinzel A. , Giedion A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA brother and sister presented with an uncommon malformation syndrome consisting of severe midface hypoplasia, congenital heart defect, hydronephrosis, clubfeet, hypertrichosis, hypoplasia of dermal ridges, and radiographic skeletal anomalies in the skull, hands and feet. The boy died shortly after birth; the girl lived for 16 months and exhibited severe failure to thrive, epilepsy, diminished growth, and profound motor and intellectual retardation. Additional observations include postaxial hexadactyly in the girl, and mesomelic brachymelia and peculiar, narrow fingernails in the boy. The occurrence of the syndrome in two sibs of different sex suggests autosomal‐recessive inheritance.
Lipoprotein immunogenetics and atherosclerosis
Authors: Rapacz Jan , Opitz John M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe discovery of the first human lipoprotein polymorphism by Allison and Blumberg [Lancet i:634‐637, 1961] and the availability of alloimmune sera stimulated us to begin immunogenetic studies on swine in search of lipoprotein diversity and its relationship to biological functions. We found considerable lipoprotein polymorphism, complexity, and heterogeneity in this species. These results and the correlation between immunogenetically defined lipoprotein type and arterial lipidosis in swine, fed a high fat diet, are discussed. Immunogenetic studies of lipoproteins, initiated more recently in rhesus monkeys, will be reviewed also. Preliminary data show similarities between these two species with regard to polymorphism, complexity, phenotypic expression of lipoprotein genes and, most importantly, their serological relationship to human lipoproteins. We also note immunogenetic studies on lipoproteins done by other investigators, or in other species. Brief remarks on implications of the lipoproteins in atherosclerosis, their general classification, immunological properties, and immunological methods used in their study precede the immunogenetic presentation.