bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in understanding bone cancer pain
Authors: Goblirsch M.J. , Zwolak P. , Clohisy D.R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractExperimental animal models of bone cancer pain have emerged and findings have provided a unique glimpse into unraveling the mechanism that drives this debilitating condition. Key contributors to the generation and maintenance of bone cancer pain are tumor‐induced osteolysis, tumor itself, and production of nociceptive mediators in the bone‐tumor microenvironment. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone acetylase inhibitor trichostatin A induces acetylcholinesterase expression and protects against organophosphate exposure
Authors: Curtin Bryan F. , Tetz Lauren M. , Compton Jaimee R. , Doctor Bhupendra P. , Gordon Richard K. , Nambiar Madhusoodana P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe biological effects of organophosphorous (OP) chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) are exerted by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which prevents the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, leading to hypercholinergy, seizures/status epilepticus, respiratory/cardiovascular failure, and potentially death. Current investigations show that bioscavenger therapy using purified fetal bovine AChE in rodents and non‐human primates and the more recently tested human butyrylcholinesterase, is a promising treatment for protection against multiple LD50 CWNA exposures. Potential impediments, due to the complex structure of the enzyme, purification effort, resources, and cost have necessitated alternative approaches. Therefore, we investigated the effects of transcriptional inducers to enhance the expression of AChE to achieve sufficient protection against OP poisoning. Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase that de‐condenses the chromatin, thereby increasing the binding of transcription factors and mRNA synthesis, was evaluated for induction of AChE expression in various neuronal cell lines. Dose‐response curves showed that a concentration of 333 nM TSA was optimal in inducing AChE expression. In Neuro‐2A cells, TSA at 333 nM increased the extracellular AChE activity approximately 3–4 fold and intracellular enzyme activity 10‐fold. Correlating with the AChE induction, TSA pre‐treatment significantly protected the cells against exposure to the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate, a surrogate for the chemical warfare agents soman and sarin. These studies indicate that transcriptional inducers such as TSA up‐regulate AChE, which then can bioscavenge any organophosphates present, thereby protecting the cells from OP‐induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, transcriptional inducers are prospective new methods to protect against CWNA exposure. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of human prostate‐specific G‐protein coupled receptor, PSGR, by two distinct promoters and growth factors
Authors: Weng Jinsheng , Ma Wenbin , Mitchell Dianne , Zhang Jianshe , Liu Mingyao 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPSGR is a newly identified human prostate tissue‐specific gene belonging to the G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Overexpression of PSGR is associated with human prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate tumors, suggesting PSGR may play an important role in early prostate cancer development and progression. To understand the regulation of tissue‐specific expression of human PSGR and its upregulation mechanism in prostate cancers, we characterized the promoter region of PSGR and analyzed the control mechanism for PSGR expression in human prostate tissues/cells. In this report, we demonstrate that two distinct promoters control the transcriptional regulation of PSGR in human prostate cells. The first promoter region includes exon 1 and a TATA box at −31 site. The minimal DNA sequence with promoter activity is about 123 bp upstream of exon 1. Exon 1 contains tissue specific regulatory activity for the first promoter of PSGR gene. The second promoter is located in the upstream region of exon 2, which is a TATA‐less and non‐GC‐rich promoter. Primer extension and RNA protection assays (RPA) revealed that the transcription driven by the second promoter is initiated at the junction of intron and exon 2 within a cluster of nucleotides located about 250 bp upstream from the junction. Both promoters show prostate cell‐specific characteristics in our luciferase assays in transfected cells. Furthermore, we investigated the regulation of the promoter activities of the PSGR gene by different growth factors and cytokines, and demonstrated that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) activates the promoter activities of PSGR in human prostate cancer cells. These data suggest that two functional promoters regulate the transcriptional expression of PSGR in human prostate tissues and PSGR is a new target for IL‐6 transcriptional regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelin‐1 induces proliferation of human lung fibroblasts and IL‐11 secretion through an ETA receptor‐dependent activation of map kinases
Authors: Gallelli Luca , Pelaia Girolamo , D'Agostino Bruno , Cuda Giovanni , Vatrella Alessandro , Fratto Donatella , Gioffrè Vincenza , Galderisi Umberto , De Nardo Marilisa , Mastruzzo Claudio , Salinaro Elisa Trovato , Maniscalco Mauro , Sofia Matteo , Crimi Nunzio , Rossi Francesco , Caputi Mario , Costanzo Francesco S. , Maselli Rosario , Marsico Serafino A. , Vancheri Carlo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEndothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is implicated in the fibrotic responses characterizing interstitial lung diseases, as well as in the airway remodeling process occurring in asthma. Within such a context, the aim of our study was to investigate, in primary cultures of normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs), the ET‐1 receptor subtypes, and the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in the proliferative effects of this peptide. Therefore, cells were exposed to ET‐1 in the presence or absence of an overnight pre‐treatment with either ETA or ETB selective receptor antagonists. After cell lysis, immunoblotting was performed using monoclonal antibodies against the phosphorylated, active forms of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK). ET‐1 induced a significant increase in MAPK phosphorylation pattern, and also stimulated fibroblast proliferation and IL‐6/IL‐11 release into cell culture supernatants. All these effects were inhibited by the selective ETA antagonist BQ‐123, but not by the specific ETB antagonist BQ‐788. The stimulatory influence of ET‐1 on IL‐11, but not on IL‐6 secretion, was prevented by MAPK inhibitors. Therefore, such results suggest that in human lung fibroblasts ET‐1 exerts a profibrogenic action via an ETA receptor‐dependent, MAPK‐mediated induction of IL‐11 release and cell proliferation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genistein‐induced neuronal differentiation is associated with activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases and upregulation of p21 and N‐cadherin
Authors: Hung S.P. , Hsu J.R. , Lo C.P. , Huang H.J. , Wang J.P. , Chen S.T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNeuronal differentiation in the mammalian CNS is driven by multiple events. When treated with retinoic acid (RA), hNTera‐2 (NT‐2) cells undergo postmitotic neuronal differentiation. Here, we show that a prolonged exposure of NT‐2 cells with non‐cytotoxic doses of genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, induced differentiation of NT‐2 cells. Additionally, genistein enhanced RA‐induced neuronal differentiation by increasing the activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) via phosphorylation at Thr183 and Tyr185 in 3–7 days. Meanwhile, genistein also upregulated N‐cadherin and p21 (a Cdk inhibitor), but downregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein (PCNA). MEK1/2 inhibitors, such as PD98059 and U0126, reduced RA‐induced ERK1/2 activity, but could not block the genistein effects. Our observations indicate that genistein‐induced neuronal differentiation is not dependent of the MEK‐ERK signaling cascade. Instead, genistein‐upregulated ERK activation is likely due to this chemical's direct effect on chromosome and gene transcription, rather than its inhibition on tyrosine kinases. Failure of inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by the MEK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 suggests presence of an unknown activator for ERK1/2 in neuronal cells. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fast and sensitive 1H NMR method to measure the turnover of the H2 hydrogen of lactate
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago B. , Cerdán Sebastián 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA fast and sensitive procedure to determine the turnover of the H2 hydrogen of lactate and quantify its 2H‐enrichment by 1H NMR is illustrated using C6 cells metabolizing (3‐13C) lactate in 50% 2H2O (vol/vol). 2H substitution of the lactate H2 hydrogen resulted in two easily detectable transformations of the vicinal H3 doublet resonance: 1) the formation of an H3 singlet due to the disappearance of the homonuclear coupling to H2 (3JβH‐αH = 7.0 Hz), and 2) an upfield isotopic shift derived from the vicinal 2H2 substitution (Δ3 = –0.007 ppm). Only those lactate molecules that have passed through the cell cytosol experience these effects, since H2 deuteration involves lactate dehydrogenase activity and NAD(2H). Thus, analysis of the observed shifted and unshifted H3 lactate resonances from the incubation medium allows the discrimination of the perprotonated (3‐13C) lactate added as substrate, and the (3‐13C, 2‐2H) lactate recycled to the incubation medium after passage through the cytosol. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuously moving table MRI with SENSE: Application in peripheral contrast enhanced MR angiography
Authors: Hu Houchun H. , Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Kruger David G. , Glockner James F. , Riederer Stephen J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn integration of SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) with continuously moving table (CMT) MRI for extended field‐of‐view (FOV) acquisitions is described. In this work, the approach in which receiver coils are attached to the object and move in synchrony with the scanner table is considered. Technical issues dealing with the implementation of SENSE‐CMT are addressed, including coil calibration, correction for non‐uniform magnetic gradients, and specific reconstruction steps. An explanation of combining SENSE with gradient non‐linearity correction is given, as the latter becomes necessary in CMT acquisitions where a large sampling FOV is used. It is hypothesized that SENSE can provide at least a 2‐fold improvement in lateral spatial resolution compared to non‐accelerated CMT acquisitions. The hypothesis is tested in phantoms, where the effectiveness of both SENSE and gradient non‐linearity correction to improve spatial resolution is shown. The SENSE‐CMT technique is further demonstrated in vivo with contrast‐enhanced MR angiography of the peripheral vasculature. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convergence behavior of iterative SENSE reconstruction with non‐Cartesian trajectories
Authors: Qu Peng , Zhong Kai , Zhang Bida , Wang Jianmin , Shen Gary X. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn non‐Cartesian SENSE reconstruction based on the conjugate gradient (CG) iteration method, the iteration very often exhibits a “semi‐convergence” behavior, which can be characterized as initial convergence toward the exact solution and later divergence. This phenomenon causes difficulties in automatic implementation of this reconstruction strategy. In this study, the convergence behavior of the iterative SENSE reconstruction is analyzed based on the mathematical principle of the CG method. It is revealed that the semi‐convergence behavior is caused by the ill‐conditioning of the underlying generalized encoding matrix (GEM) and the intrinsic regularization effect of CG iteration. From the perspective of regularization, each iteration vector is a regularized solution and the number of iterations plays the role of the regularization parameter. Therefore, the iteration count controls the compromise between the SNR and the residual aliasing artifact. Based on this theory, suggestions with respect to the stopping rule for well‐behaved reconstructions are provided. Simulated radial imaging and in vivo spiral imaging are performed to demonstrate the theoretical analysis on the semi‐convergence phenomenon and the stopping criterion. The dependence of convergence behavior on the undersampling rate and the noise level in samples is also qualitatively investigated. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tunnel stability analysis during construction using a neuro‐fuzzy system
Authors: Luis Rangel José , Iturrarán‐Viveros Ursula , Gustavo Ayala A. , Cervantes Francisco 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an alternative strategy to evaluate the stability of tunnels during the design and construction stages based on a hybrid system, composed by neural, neuro‐fuzzy and analytical solutions. A prototype of this system is designed using a database formed by 261 cases, 45 real and the rest synthetic. This system is capable of reproducing the displacements induced at the periphery of the tunnel before and after support installation. The stability of the excavation process is evaluated using a criterion that considers dimensionless parameters based on the shear strength of the media, the induced deformation level in the ground, the plastic radii and the advance of excavation without support. The efficiency and validity of the prototype is verified with two examples of actual tunnels, one included in the database used to train the system and the other not included. The results of both examples show a better approximation than other commonly used techniques. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between different internal length scales in strain localization analysis of fully and partially saturated porous media—the 1‐D case
Authors: Schrefler B.A. , Zhang H.W. , Sanavia L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe paper analyses the interaction between two internal length scales during dynamic strain localization in multiphase porous materials. The first internal length is introduced in the mathematical model by the gradient‐dependent plasticity for the solid skeleton, while the second one is naturally contained in the multiphase model and is due to the seepage process of the water via Darcy's law, which induces a rate‐dependent behaviour of the solid skeleton. Numerical results of a one‐dimensional example of water saturated porous medium demonstrate the competing effect between these two length scales. The porous medium is here treated as a multiphase continuum, with the pores filled by water and air, the last one at constant atmospheric pressure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 3D beam‐to‐beam contact finite element for coupled electric–mechanical fields
Authors: Boso D. P. , Litewka P. , Schrefler B. A. , Wriggers P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper the formulation of an electric–mechanical beam‐to‐beam contact element is presented. Beams with circular cross‐sections are assumed to get in contact in a point‐wise manner and with clean metallic surfaces. The voltage distribution is influenced by the contact mechanics, since the current flow is constricted to small contacting spots. Therefore, the solution is governed by the contacting areas and hence by the contact forces. As a consequence the problem is semi‐coupled with the mechanical field influencing the electric one. The electric–mechanical contact constraints are enforced with the penalty method within the finite element technique. The virtual work equations for the mechanical and electric fields are written and consistently linearized to achieve a good level of computational efficiency with the finite element method. The set of equations is solved with a monolithic approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the effectiveness of variation in the physical variables on the steady MHD flow between parallel plates with heat transfer
Authors: Attia Hazem Ali 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe influence of variation in physical variables on the steady Hartmann flow with heat transfer is studied. An external uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the parallel plates and the fluid is acted upon by a constant pressure gradient. The viscosity and the thermal and electric conductivities are assumed to be temperature dependent. The two plates are kept at two constant but different temperatures and the viscous and Joule dissipations are considered in the energy equation. A numerical solution for the governing non‐linear coupled equations of motion and the energy equation is obtained. The effect of magnetic field, the temperature dependent viscosity, thermal conductivity, and electric conductivity on both the velocity and temperature distributions is examined. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of singular stress fields at multi‐material corners under thermal loading
Authors: Song Chongmin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe scaled boundary finite‐element method is extended to the modelling of thermal stresses. The particular solution for the non‐homogeneous term caused by thermal loading is expressed as integrals in the radial direction, which are evaluated analytically for temperature changes varying as power functions of the radial coordinate. When applied to model a multi‐material corner, only the boundary of the problem domain is discretized. The boundary conditions on the straight material interfaces and the side‐faces forming the corner are satisfied analytically without discretization. The stress field is expressed semi‐analytically as a series solution. The stress distribution along the radial direction, including both the real and complex power singularity and the power‐logarithmic singularity, is represented analytically. The stress intensity factors are determined directly from their definitions in stresses. No knowledge on asymptotic expansions is required. Numerical examples are calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the scaled boundary finite‐element method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new fast multipole boundary element method for solving large‐scale two‐dimensional elastostatic problems
Authors: Liu Yijun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new fast multipole boundary element method (BEM) is presented in this paper for large‐scale analysis of two‐dimensional (2‐D) elastostatic problems based on the direct boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation. In this new formulation, the fundamental solution for 2‐D elasticity is written in a complex form using the two complex potential functions in 2‐D elasticity. In this way, the multipole and local expansions for 2‐D elasticity BIE are directly linked to those for 2‐D potential problems. Furthermore, their translations (moment to moment, moment to local, and local to local) turn out to be exactly the same as those in the 2‐D potential case. This formulation is thus very compact and more efficient than other fast multipole approaches for 2‐D elastostatic problems using Taylor series expansions of the fundamental solution in its original form. Several numerical examples are presented to study the accuracy and efficiency of the developed fast multipole BEM formulation and code. BEM models with more than one million equations have been solved successfully on a laptop computer. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of the developed fast multipole BEM for solving large‐scale 2‐D elastostatic problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the site‐specific and isoform‐specific glycosylation in human plasma‐derived antithrombin by IEF and capillary HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Plematl Alexander , Demelbauer Uwe M. , Josic Djuro , Rizzi Andreas 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe glycan structures of the major and more than ten minor populated isoforms of antithrombin (AT) were determined after separation of the isoforms by IEF using IPG strips. The bands excised from the gel were reduced, derivatized by iodoacetamide and submitted to tryptic digestion. The digest was analyzed by RP‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS equipped with a quadrupole ion‐trap mass analyzer. MS/MS experiments allowed establishing the monosaccharide compositions in the glycopeptides. For the major isoform of α‐AT four identical biantennary glycans with two terminal sialic acids (SA) each, a total of eight SA, were found in full agreement with the literature. In the IEF‐band containing this major isoform (pI 5.18) a further, much less abundant, isoform was detected showing a fucosylation on the glycan attached to Asn155 but being of otherwise identical structure as described above. The isoforms with pI 5.10 were found to include one triantennary glycan, all antennas carrying terminal SA. The occurrence of triantennary structure is site specific, involving the peptides with Asn135 and Asn155, alternately. At pI 5.24 we found those four isoforms that carry the glycans like the main‐isoform of α‐AT but missing one terminal SA. There was no site specificity found for the mono‐sialo structure. The isoform at pI 5.31 is the major isoform of β‐AT containing three identical biantennary structures being fully sialylated. No isoforms (above 0.5% abundance) with two glycans only or three glycans other than β‐AT were detected. Fucosylation was found in the main isoform with an abundance of about 5%, and as expected with all the other isoforms with a comparable abundance.
Comparative proteomic analysis using samples obtained with laser microdissection and saturation dye labelling
Authors: Wilson Kate E. , Marouga Rita , Prime John E. , Pashby D. Paul , Orange Paul R. , Crosier Steven , Keith Alexander B. , Lathe Richard , Mullins John , Estibeiro Peter , Bergling Helene , Hawkins Edward , Morris Christopher M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractComparative proteomic methods are rapidly being applied to many different biological systems including complex tissues. One pitfall of these methods is that in some cases, such as oncology and neuroscience, tissue complexity requires isolation of specific cell types and sample is limited. Laser microdissection (LMD) is commonly used for obtaining such samples for proteomic studies. We have combined LMD with sensitive thiol‐reactive saturation dye labelling of protein samples and 2‐D DIGE to identify protein changes in a test system, the isolated CA1 pyramidal neurone layer of a transgenic (Tg) rat carrying a human amyloid precursor protein transgene. Saturation dye labelling proved to be extremely sensitive with a spot map of over 5,000 proteins being readily produced from 5 μg total protein, with over 100 proteins being significantly altered at p < 0.0005. Of the proteins identified, all showed coherent changes associated with transgene expression. It was, however, difficult to identify significantly different proteins using PMF and MALDI‐TOF on gels containing less than 500 μg total protein. The use of saturation dye labelling of limiting samples will therefore require the use of highly sensitive MS techniques to identify the significantly altered proteins isolated using methods such as LMD.