bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perlecan participates in proliferation activation of quiescent Drosophila neuroblasts
Authors: Voigt Aaron , Pflanz Ralf , Schäfer Ulrich , Jäckle Herbert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDrosophila neuroblasts act as stem cells. Their proliferation is controlled through cell cycle arrest and activation in a spatiotemporal pattern. Several genes have been identified that control the pattern of neuroblast quiescence and proliferation in the central nervous system (CNS), including anachronism (ana), even skipped (eve) and terribly reduced optic lobes (trol). eve acts in a non–cell‐autonomous manner to produce a transacting factor in the larval body that stimulates cell division in the population of quiescent optic lobe neuroblasts. ana encodes a secreted glial glycoprotein proposed to repress premature proliferation of optic lobe and thoracic neuroblasts. trol was shown to act downstream of ana to activate proliferation of quiescent neuroblasts either by inactivating or bypassing ana‐dependent repression. Here, we show that trol codes for Drosophila Perlecan, a large multidomain heparan sulfate proteoglycan originally identified in extracellular matrix structures of mammals. The results suggest that trol acts in the extracellular matrix and binds, stores, and sequesters external signals and, thereby, participates in the stage‐ and region‐specific control of neuroblast proliferation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of eating disorder patients without a drive for thinness
Authors: Ramacciotti Carla E. , Dell'Osso Liliana , Paoli Riccardo A. , Ciapparelli Antonio , Coli Elisabetta , Kaplan Allan S. , Garfinkel Paul E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate two samples of patients affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN), respectively, with and without the diagnostic feature of drive for thinness (DT).MethodThe samples comprised 70 consecutive eating disorder (ED) outpatients at the Department of Psychiatry (University of Pisa) and 106 AN patients admitted to a day hospital in Toronto, Canada. Subjects were assessed on clinical and psychometric parameters.ResultsIn both countries, 17% of the subjects had low DT as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). They comprised the atypical group and appeared to have less severe psychopathology.DiscussionWeight phobia should not be viewed as critical to the diagnosis of ED and DT could be a culture‐bound dimension. Considering the differences between the two groups, the characterization of patients as typical and atypical may be clinically useful. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 206–212, 2002.
Polarization peculiarity and its operation mechanism of the single longitudinal mode oscillation in a 633‐nm He‐Ne laser with internal mirrors
Authors: Shibata Wasaku , Ohta Tatehisa , Yagi Eiji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe measured the polarization characteristics of laser tubes having the same specification for single mode oscillation in an internal‐mirror 633‐nm He‐Ne laser. From these results, we found that as the resonance conditions were continuously changed by the thermal variations in the laser tube length, the polarization could be classified into polarization that maintains a constant polarization direction and polarization whose direction continuously switches with its orthogonal direction. To explain this operation mechanism, we simulated a two‐mode equation that accounts for the orthogonal polarization mode. From this result, we showed that the two polarization (natural) axes produced by the presence of minute loss and phase anisotropies in the laser tube generate a peculiar polarization property caused by quantitative differences in these anisotropies. We also found that the spatial hole burning effect between the two modes exists to the same degree as the spectral hole burning effect. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(7): 48–56, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10019
Proposal of factor analysis system using probabilistic neural network and application to environmental data
Authors: Okuhara Koji , Matsubara Yukihiro , Shiraki Wataru , Gotou Masataka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we analyze observation data which consist of environmental factors around a creature as the explanatory variables and a population number as the explained variable. We choose data on the firefly. To analyze such data we propose a system incorporating probabilistic neural networks which can acquire an unknown nonlinear mapping from the explanatory variables to the explained variable by using learning. The proposed system can estimate the effect of the explanatory variables on the explained variable, that is, it can solve the inverse problem. To realize the desired environment for the selected creature, we show that our proposed system can suggest an adequate strategy for the controllable explanatory variables. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 18–25, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10002
Robust speech recognition for car environment noise
Authors: Kokubo Hiroaki , Amano Akio , Hataoka Nobuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA method for handling noise in a car information machine incorporating speech recognition middleware and having a SuperH (SH) Micon as its platform is reported. Using both a noise acoustic model and a spectral subtraction scheme, this method is evaluated by computer simulation against an evaluation database constructed by considering the usage environment and the microphone position. In evaluations using the noise model alone, a speech recognition rate of 11.0% in a test track driving environment was obtained when an HMM tutored by speech without noise was used, while a recognition rate of 82.7% was obtained when an HMM constructed by superimposing noise over the tutoring speech was used. The speech recognition rate was improved by about an additional 5%, to 87.6%, by using this noise‐containing acoustic model and the spectral subtraction scheme. In addition, when speech recognition middleware incorporated with the antinoise method was loaded on an SH board, a recognition performance comparable with the computer simulation results was obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 65–73, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10055
A trial manufacture of a thermoelectric generator powered by high‐temperature heat transfer medium oil
Authors: Tsuyoshi Akira , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA thermoelectric generator has been manufactured and evaluated for the purpose that the behavior of heat conduction and power generating performance can be clarified when the thermoelectric generator is powered by a high‐temperature heat transfer medium oil over 500 K. The thermoelectric generator needs a compression fitting mechanism which holds heat sinks and thermoelectric generating modules so tight that desirable heat conduction can be maintained for thousands of heat cycles. The pressure required for the compression fitting mechanism was experimentally investigated with a trial manufactured thermoelectric generator. As an experimental result the compression fitting mechanism of the modules requires 0.28 MPa compressive load, which is 80% less than the recommended value by one of the module manufacturers. Electricity obtained by the trially manufactured thermoelectric generator with bismuth telluride‐based modules increases in proportion to the square of the logarithmic mean temperature difference between the heat transfer medium oil and cooling water and attains 165 W at the logarithmic temperature difference of 180 K. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(1): 36–44, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10042
A transfer‐function approach to the analysis and design of zero‐power controllers for magnetic suspension systems
Authors: Mizuno Takeshi , Takemori Yuichiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA transfer function approach is applied to the analysis and design of zero‐power controllers for magnetic suspension systems. The general structures of controllers achieving zero‐power control are derived for both current‐ and voltage‐controlled magnetic suspension systems. For the former type of system, there are two basic approaches: feeding back the velocity signal and introducing a minor feedback of the integral of the current. Both approaches are applicable to the latter type of system. In addition to them, the self‐sensing suspension also achieves zero‐power characteristics automatically. A direct synthesis method for zero‐power control is developed based on the analysis. Several experiments are carried out with a single‐degree‐of‐freedom model. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(2): 67–75, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10049
Communication effects on memory and judgment
Authors: Todorov Alexander 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present research explored the mechanisms of judgmental and memory correction for communication influence. Participants described a target person to an addressee who either liked or disliked the target. Participants' descriptions were more positive when the addressee liked the target than when the addressee disliked the target. Mediation analyses showed that the effect of the addressee's attitude on judgment and memory was mediated by its effect on participants' descriptions. Participants' evaluative judgments of the target were influenced by the addressee's attitude only when the attitude was presented subtly. When the presentation of the attitude was blatant, participants used the attitude as a situational inducement of their communication behavior and corrected their judgments. Both participants' recall and false recognition of personality traits were evaluatively consistent with the addressee's attitude regardless of its presentation. However, mediational analyses suggested that participants in the blatant presentation condition engaged in an insufficient memory correction by discounting the evaluative implications of their descriptions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urothelial cell DNA adducts in rubber workers†
Authors: Vermeulen Roel , Talaska Glenn , Schumann Brenda , Bos Rob P. , Rothman Nathaniel , Kromhout Hans 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWorkers employed in the rubber industry appear to have a significant excess cancer risk in a variety of sites, including cancer of the urinary bladder. In this cross‐sectional study, we investigated the occurrence of DNA adducts in exfoliated bladder cells of currently exposed, nonsmoking rubber workers (n = 52) and their relationship with occupational exposure estimates and acetylation phenotype (NAT2). Four DNA adducts were identified, with the proportion of positive samples (e.g., DNA samples with quantifiable levels of a specific DNA adduct) ranging from 3.8 to 79%. The highest proportion of positive samples and the highest relative adduct labeling levels were in workers involved in the production functions “mixing” and “curing,” areas with potential for substantial exposure to a wide range of chemical compounds used in rubber manufacturing (P < 0.05 for adducts 2 and/or 3, compared to all other departments). No statistically significant relationships were found between identified DNA adducts and urinary mutagenicity or personal inhalable and dermal exposure estimates. Interestingly, subjects with a fast NAT2 acetylation phenotype tended to have higher levels of DNA adducts. This study suggests that rubber workers engaged in mixing and curing may be exposed to compounds that can form DNA adducts in urothelial cells. Larger studies among rubber workers should be conducted to study in more detail the potential carcinogenicity of exposures encountered in these work areas. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:306–313, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obtaining refined first‐order predictive models of linear structural systems
Authors: Luş Hilmi , Betti Raimondo , Longman Richard W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study presents an effective method for identifying predictive models and the underlying modal parameters of linear structural systems using only measured output and excitation time histories obtained from dynamic testing. The system under examination is modelled as a first‐order multi‐input multi‐output time‐invariant system, and the structural model is realized using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm together with the Observer/Kalman filter IDentification algorithm. The identified state‐space model is further refined using a non‐linear optimization technique based on sequential quadratic programming. The numerical examples show that the developed methodology performs very well even in the presence of inadequate instrumentation and measurement noise, and that the methodology is highly capable of creating realistic predictive models of structural systems, as well as estimating their underlying modal parameters. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ice stream shear margin moraines
Authors: Stokes Chris R. , Clark Chris D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe distribution and pattern of subglacial bedforms provides valuable insights into the configuration and behaviour of former ice sheets and recent work has begun to address the landform assemblages of palaeo‐ice streams. In this paper, we focus on subglacially formed ice stream shear margin moraines; these landforms are thought to form in the shear zone between fast‐flowing stream‐ice and slow‐moving sheet‐ice. Using satellite imagery and aerial photographs, we identify four ice stream shear margin moraines associated with the former M'Clintock Channel Palaeo‐Ice Stream, Victoria Island, Arctic Canada. The moraines range in length from 11 to 22 km, maintain fairly constant widths of around 500 m, and range in height from 10 to 50 m above the surrounding terrain. They are composed of carbonate drift of a similar composition as the ice stream bedforms and have been laid down irrespective of local and regional topography. Two of the moraines display a lateral offset and are thought to reflect minor migrations of the ice stream margin. We explore their possible mode of formation and suggest that they occur when erosion at the ice stream margin provides a surplus of sediment which is ‘smeared out’ in the downstream direction. The identification of other palaeo‐ice stream shear margin moraines has probably been hampered by their interrupted continuity which can only be appreciated at the large scale. It is hoped that the descriptions presented in this paper will help to identify these landforms and increased detection of palaeo‐ice streams will reveal other ice stream shear margin moraines. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling land use changes and their impact on soil erosion and sediment supply to rivers
Authors: Van Rompaey Anton J. J. , Govers Gerard , Puttemans Cindy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe potential for surface runoff and soil erosion is strongly affected by land use and cultivation. Therefore the modelling of land use changes is important with respect to the prediction of soil degradation and its on‐site and off‐site consequences.Land use changes during the past 250 years in the Dijle catchment (central Belgium) were analysed by comparing four historical topographic maps (1774, 1840, 1930 and 1990). A combination of land use transformation maps and biophysical land properties shows that certain decision rules are used for the conversion of forest into arable land or vice versa. During periods of increasing pressure on the land, forests were cleared mainly on areas with low slope gradients and favourable soil conditions, while in times of decreasing pressure land units with steep and unfavourable soil conditions were taken out of production.Possible future land use patterns were generated using stochastic simulations based on land use transformation probabilities. The outcome of these simulations was used to assess the soil erosion risk under different scenarios. The results indicate that even a relatively limited land use change, from forest to arable land or vice versa, has a significant effect on regional soil erosion rates and sediment supply to rivers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact–entrainment relationship in a saltating cloud
Authors: Dong Zhibao , Liu Xiaoping , Li Fang , Wang Hongtao , Zhao Aiguo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe problem of impact–entrainment relationship is one of the central issues in understanding saltation, a primary aeolian transport mode. By using particle dynamic analyser measurement technology the movement of saltating particles at the very near‐surface level (1 mm above the bed) was detected. The impacting and entrained particles in the same impact–entrainment process were identified and the speeds, angle with respect to the horizontal, and energy of the impacting and entrained sand cloud were analysed. It was revealed that both the speed and angle of impacting and entrained particles vary widely. The probability distribution of the speed of impacting and entrained particles in the saltating cloud is best described by a Weibull distribution function. The mean impact speed is generally greater than the mean lift‐off speed except for the 0·1–0·2 mm sand whose entrainment is significantly influenced by air drag. Both the impact and lift‐off angles range from 0° to 180°. The mean lift‐off angles range from 39° to 94° while the mean impact angles range from 40° to 78°, much greater than those previously reported. The greater mean lift‐off and especially the mean impact angles are attributed to mid‐air collisions at the very low height, which are difficult to detect by conventional high‐speed photography and are generally ignored in the existing theoretical simulation models. The proportion of backward‐impacting particles also evidences the mid‐air collisions. The impact energy is generally greater than the entrainment energy except for the 0·1–0·2 mm sand. There exists a reasonably good correlation of the mean speed, angle and energy between the impacting and entrained cloud in the impact–entrainment process. The results presented in this paper deserve to be considered in modelling saltation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal aspects of the abrasion of microphytic crusts under grain impact
Authors: Neuman Cheryl McKenna , Maxwell Christine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWind‐tunnel simulations of the response of two moss crusts to grain impact indicate that, given sufficient time, these surfaces will deteriorate under very low wind velocities only slightly above u*t for the loose, saltating grains. In parallel with these experiments, the frequency distributions of ultimate strength and penetration energy were determined for each of the two crust types via penetrometry. Pohlia was found to be stronger than Tortula; but, even so, both of these crusts had ultimate strengths 20–350 times higher than the force delivered by a single grain impacting each surface at a velocity of 1 ms−1. In comparison, the modulus of deformation and penetration energy data were very similar for the two surface types, especially for the weakest areas of crust development. This observation is in accord with the wind‐tunnel simulations that also found no consistent difference in the response of these two crust types to impact. In comparison with crusts formed by clay and salt, fibrous microphytic crusts are morphologically complex and typically weak. The notable elasticity of these surfaces does reduce the force of grain impact, and thereby provides some protection against rupture. One of the central conclusions of this study suggests that not only is the particle kinetic energy at impact important in crust breakdown, but also tiny fractures at points of localized stress concentration contribute to a progressive reduction in the integrity of the filament net. In some of the experiments conducted as part of this study, up to 50 or more minutes of constant bombardment was required to produce small abrasion marks on selected areas of the microphytic crust. This study prepares a foundation for future experiments needed to examine the breakdown of complex crusts formed in nature. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ageing and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system
Authors: Reeves S. , Bench C. , Howard R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundBrain dopamine has been the focus of numerous studies owing to its crucial role in motor function and in neurological and psychiatric disease processes. Whilst early work relied on postmortem data, functional imaging has allowed a more sophisticated approach to the quantification of receptor density, affinity and functional capacity. This review aims to summarise changes in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system which accompany normal ageing.MethodsA literature search focussed on postmortem and neuroimaging studies of normal ageing within the nigrostriatal dopaminergic tract. The functional significance of age‐related effects was also considered.ResultsThere are significant reductions in pre‐ and post‐synaptic markers of brain dopamine activity during normal ageing: However the rate of decline (linear or exponential), the effects of gender and heterogeneity and the mechanisms by which these changes occur remain undetermined. Limited data suggest there is a significant association between postsynaptic receptor density and specific aspects of motor and cognitive function.ConclusionThe identification of strategies to improve dopaminergic transmission may delay the onset of motor and cognitive deficits associated with normal ageing. In order to develop effective preventative strategies, the causative mechanisms underlying age‐related changes and the interaction between synaptic structure and function need to be more clearly elucidated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and correlates of late‐life depression compared between urban and rural populations in Korea
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Shin Il‐Seon , Yoon Jin‐Sang , Stewart Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe aetiology of late‐life depression has received relatively little research in developing countries. Urban and rural populations have rarely been sampled in the same study.ObjectivesTo investigate demographic factors associated with depression and depressive symptoms in an urban and rural sample of older Korean people.MethodsA community survey of residents aged 65 or over was conducted in an urban and a rural area within Kwangju, South Korea. The Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) was administered. Associations with demographic, socio‐economic factors and cognitive function (MMSE) were investigated for depression categorised according to a previously validated cut‐off.ResultsThe sample comprised 485 urban‐dwelling and 649 rural‐dwelling participants. No difference was found between urban and rural samples for prevalence rates of depression. However associations with independent variables varied between the areas. In the urban sample, increased age, low education, manual occupation and current rented accommodation were independently associated with depression. Only low education was associated with depression in the rural sample. The interaction with sample area was strongest for age (p < 0.01) and persisted after further adjustment for cognitive function.ConclusionsAdverse socio‐economic status was strongly associated with depression and appeared to operate across the life‐course. While no evidence was found for urban–rural differences in prevalence rates of depression, factors associated with depression differed between these populations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.