bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Heterogeneity Effects on Tallgrass Prairie Community Heterogeneity: An Application of Ecological Theory to Restoration Ecology
Authors: Baer Sara G. , Collins Scott L , Blair John M. , Knapp Alan K. , Fiedler Anna K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity of resources can influence plant community composition and diversity in natural communities. We manipulated soil depth (two levels) and nutrient availability (three levels) to create four heterogeneity treatments (no heterogeneity, depth heterogeneity, nutrient heterogeneity, and depth + nutrient heterogeneity) replicated in an agricultural field seeded to native prairie species. Our objective was to determine whether resource heterogeneity influences species diversity and the trajectory of community development during grassland restoration. The treatments significantly increased heterogeneity of available inorganic nitrogen (N), soil water content, and light penetration. Plant diversity was indirectly related to resource heterogeneity through positive relationships with variability in productivity and cover established by the belowground manipulations. Diversity was inversely correlated with the average cover of the dominant grass, Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), which increased over time in all heterogeneity treatments and resulted in community convergence among the heterogeneity treatments over time. The success of this cultivar across the wide range of resource availability was attributed to net photosynthesis rates equivalent to or higher than those of the native prairie plants in the presence of lower foliar N content. Our results suggest that resource heterogeneity alone may not increase diversity in restorations where a dominant species can successfully establish across the range of resource availability. This is consistent with theory regarding the role of ecological filters on community assembly in that the establishment of one species best adapted for the physical and biological conditions can play an inordinately important role in determining community structure.
Cash‐Balance Plan Conversions: Evidence on Excise Taxes and Implicit Contracts
Authors: Niehaus Greg , Yu Tong 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFirms that wish to switch from a traditional defined‐benefit pension plan to a defined‐contribution‐type plan have a choice between converting to a cash‐balance plan or replacing the defined‐benefit plan with a full‐fledged defined‐contribution plan. According to Ippolito and Thompson's (1999; Industrial Relations, 39: 228‐245) excise tax avoidance hypothesis, a number of firms have switched to cash‐balance plans because conversion allows the firm to avoid excise taxes on its excess pension assets. In contrast to existing studies, our evidence supports the excise tax avoidance hypothesis. Cash‐balance plan conversions also have been criticized for imposing pension losses on older employees. The implicit contract theory of pensions predicts that poorly performing firms would be the ones that would impose losses on employees. However, our evidence indicates that firms converting to cash‐balance plans typically are not poor performers.
Geometry of {001} Surfaces of Spinel (MgAl2O4): First‐Principles Simulations and Experimental Measurements
Authors: Van Der Laag N. J. , Fang C. M. , De With G. , De Wijs G. A. , Brongersma H. H. 
Published: May 2005

The geometry of {001} surfaces of spinel (MgAl2O4) was investigated by first‐principles simulations within density‐functional theory (DFT). The calculations show that the structure relaxation or reconstruction occurs for a depth of about 0.5 nm. The (001)‐Mg surface shows moderate relaxations and the (001)‐Al surface shows reconstruction: a new surface was formed with half of the subsurface oxygen atoms moved to the top. The surface energy was calculated to be about 1.7 J/m2 for the relaxed (001)‐Mg surface and about 3.0 J/m2 for the relaxed (001)‐Al surface. The chemical composition of a freshly fractured (001) surface of a spinel single crystal was measured using Low Energy Ion Scattering. The measured Al/Mg ratio indicates that the (001)‐Mg surface is more stable, in good agreement with the calculations.
THE NON‐CARDIAC DISTRIBUTION OF 99mTC‐METHOXY‐ISOBUTYL‐ISONITRILE (SESTAMIBI) IN NORMAL BEAGLES
Authors: Steyn Phillip F. , Ogilvie Gregory 
Published: May 2005

Technetium‐99m methoxy‐isobutyl‐isonitrile (sestamibi) is a radiophartnaceutical used for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion. Increased uptake of sestamibi has also been documented in tumors. The objective of this study was to document the extracardiac biodistribution of 99mTc sestamibi in the normal dog. Nine normal beagles were given 0.35 mCi/kg 99mTc sestamibi intravenously, and 60 second images were made of the entire body at 1 hour post injection. A defined distribution pattern was recognized, with good visualization of the heart, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, kidneys, urinary bladder, popliteal lymph nodes, parotid salivary glands and zygomatic salivary glands. Splenic uptake was not seen.Target to background ratios were calculated for all the regions listed, using background regions‐of‐interest with the smallest coefficient of variance for the denominator. The mean, range and standard deviation of these ratios are given.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF INTESTINAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN FIVECATS
Authors: Rivers Bill J. , Walter Patricia A. , Feeney Daniel A. , Johnston Gary R. 
Published: May 2005

Adenocarcinoma, follwed by lymphossarcoma, are the most common feline intedtinal neoplasms. Clinicopathological, survey radiographic, and ultrasonographic finding of five cats with intestinal adenocarcinoma are reported. An abdominal mass was palpable in all five cats, but the mass could be localized to bowel in only two cats. Radiographically an abdominal mass was detected in only one cat. Ultrasonographically there was a segmental intestinal mural mass in all five cats. The mass was characterized by circumferential bowel wall thickening with transmural loss of normal sonographic wall layers. In one cat, the circumferential symmetric hypoechoic bowel wall thickening was similar to that reported for segmental lymphoma. In the other four cats, the sonographic features of the thickened bowel wall varied, mixed echogenicity and asymmetric in 3 cats and mixed echogenicity and symmetric in one. The results og the present report suggest that sonographic observation of mixed echogenicity segmental intestinalall thickening in the cat represents adenocarcinoma rather than lymphosarcoma, although other infilytrative disease should be considered;
A REVIEW OF SONOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF ABDOMINAL BLOOD VESSELS AND JUXTAVASCULAR ORGANS
Authors: Spaulding Kathy A. 
Published: May 2005

Abdominal vasculature can be evaluated non‐invasively using 2‐D ultrasound imaging and Doppler ultrasonography.5,6,12 The identification of abdominal vessels using ultrasound is based on knowledge of their normal location, appearance and relationship to specific organs. Because anatomic location of major abdominal vessels is fairly consistent, finding and following vessels is a useful aid when attempting to locate and evaluate juxta‐vascular organs. Sonographic vascular evaluation may be beneficial in providing information regarding central cardiovascular abnormalities, detection of abnormalities involving the vessel interrogated, or detection of abnormalities of the parenchymal bed that the vessel supplies,5–12 Knowledge of the location and appearance of the vessels is necessary for this information to be of diagnostic value.In this paper, abdominal vessels in the dog are reviewed and a sonographic map of major abdominal vessels is described. This includes the sonographic appearance of the aorta, caudal vena cava, and portal vein, their major branches and their anatomic relationship with adjacent organs.Identification of the medial iliac lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, abdominal esophagus, duodenum, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands and liver lobes are assisted by recognizing specific vascular landmarks. The locations and appearances of pertinent organs as pertains to abdominal vasculature (caudal vena cava and aorta) are described.
PERCEPTION OF PORK PATTIES WITH SHIITAKE (LENTINUS EDODE P.) MUSHROOM POWDER AND SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE AS MEASURED BY KOREAN AND UNITED STATES CONSUMERS
Authors: CHUN SOONSIL , CHAMBERS EDGAR , CHAMBERS DELORES 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT This study explored consumer liking and perception of pork patties with an added functional health ingredient: shiitake (Lentinus edodes P.) mushroom powder. In addition, patties with and without sodium tripolyphosphate were tested. Both native Korean and U.S. consumers evaluated the products. Pork patties made with both phosphate and mushroom powder were found to be acceptable by Korean consumers, but increases in mushroom powder in patties with phosphate decreased acceptability for U.S. consumers. However, addition of mushroom powder to patties without phosphate increased acceptability for U.S. consumers, perhaps because it tended to increase texture acceptance and juiciness. Thus, addition of mushroom powder as a functional ingredient in pork patties, while possible, would require different formula modifications to appeal to consumers of differing nationalities.
Patient Satisfaction With Nurse Practitioner Service In a Rural Setting
Authors: Knudtson Nancy 
Published: May 2005

PURPOSE:To determine the level of patient satisfaction with service provided by nurse practitioners (NP) to rural patients.DATA SOURCES:Original research utilizing the Nurse Practitioner Satisfaction Instrument (NPSI), developed by the researcher and completed by a convenience sample of 93 rural patients.CONCLUSIONS:Overall there was a high level of patient satis‐faction with NP service. Significant relationships (p≤.05) were identified between patient satis‐faction and the subject's age, educational level, familiarity with the NP seen, overall health, sat‐isfaction with expectations of service being met, and likelihood to recommend the NP to others.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:These findings can be used to support the effec‐tiveness of NP providers and the need for less restriction in reimbursement policies, which in turn, may improve access to care in rural and underserved areas.
Repetitive Strain Injuries in Youth
Authors: Kidd Pamela Stinson , McCoy Carrie , Steenbergen Lorena 
Published: May 2005

PURPOSE:To review the anatomic and physiologic considerations in repetitive strain injuries (RSI) in youth in relation to normal growth and developmentDATA SOURCES:Extensive review of scientific literature, laws relating to youth labor, and the authors' experience.CONCLUSIONS:Early detection of youth at risk for RSIs is crucial for prevention and treatment. Physical maturity and size are more important than chronological age in the safe performance of work tasks or sports.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:Interventions that reduce injury in youth include gradually increasing training load, improving flexibility, and strength, improving biomechanics, and correcting malalignment. Assessments should include tests of flexibility, laxity, and muscle symmetry.
Development of a Local Advanced Practice Nurse Coalition
Authors: Shuler Pamela A. , Hunter Laura , McDowell Leslie , Shearer Lisa 
Published: May 2005

PURPOSE:To describe the experiences of a group of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in a rural area in developing an APN Coalition.DATA SOURCES:Selective review of literature and documents from the newly developed organizational frame‐work for the coalition.CONCLUSION:Professional connections can begin at the local level through the development of local APN coalitions and then expand to involvement in state and national organizations.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:Guidelines for establishing the coalition organizational structure are included and can be used as a template by similar evolving APN coalitions.
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etanercept a Recent Advance
Authors: Schumann Lorna , Halin Jaynee 
Published: May 2005

PURPOSE:To review the specific mechanism of action of biologic response modifiers and help clinicians place these new drugs in the context of established therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).DATA SOURCES:Review of scientific literature, including all the clinical trials for these drugs.CONCLUSIONS:Biologic response modifiers target key inflammatory events involved in joint destruction. They have the potential to revolutionize the management of RA.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:Referral to a rheumatologist should be strongly considered as soon as the diagnosis of RA is made. Early referral to a specialist has been associated with improved health status for patients with RA due to early and aggressive therapy with these new agents.
Child Abuse: Clinical Findings and Management
Authors: Chaney Susan E. 
Published: May 2005

PURPOSETo provide an overview of the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) in identifying, reporting, and managing child abuse in primary care.DATA SOURCESSelected research, national guidelines, and the author's experience.CONCLUSIONSChild abuse is a complex phenomenon characterized by maladaptive behaviors between children and their parents.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEThe role of the NP includes identification of families at risk, recognition of clinical findings of abuse, diagnosis of abuse, education for families identified at risk, and management of children diagnosed with abuse. The ultimate goal is the safe return of the child to a loving family.
Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Primary Care Practice
Authors: Schumann Lorna , Miller Joanne L. 
Published: May 2005

PURPOSETo provide clinicians in primary care settings with guidelines on evaluation, diagnosis, and management of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).DATA SOURCESResearch‐based articles in the medical and psychiatric literature, review articles, and diagnostic criteria.CONCLUSIONSPTSD is a disorder where psychological and physiological reactions are closely related. Populations at risk include survivors of motor vehicle accidents, natural and man‐made disasters, torture, and childhood sexual abuse, as well as combat veterans.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEPatients with a history of recent trauma should be targeted for early screening and intervention. Effective treatment of PTSD is a three‐stage process consisting of stabilization of symptoms, processing of traumatic perceptions, and integration of trauma into the patient's world‐ and self‐view.
Cultural Health Care or Child Abuse? The Southeast Asian Practice of Cao gio
Authors: Davis Ruth E. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTAlthough the immigration of Southeast Asians more than doubled over the past 20 years, much misunderstanding still persists regarding traditional, culture‐bound health practices used by Vietnamese, Cambodian and Laotian families. The research presented in this paper explains one such traditional practice, that of cao gio. Cao gio, a dermabrasion therapy, is used extensively by many Southeast Asian women to treat a variety of illnesses. Health care providers do not appreciate this practice, however, to the extent that it is claimed to be a form of child abuse in some of the literature reviewed. A better understanding of the practice by those involved in the primary care of Southeast Asian families is not only necessary, but essential to avoid the mislabeling and misinterpretation of cultural, traditional health practices as child abuse.Lack of awareness of Southeast Asian cultural practices is quite significant, even though the United States experienced three major waves of Southeast Asian immigration during the past 20 years (Takeuchi, & Young, 1994). Over the past decade, the number of Southeast Asian immigrants and refugees to the United States has increased 108% or by more than 1 million individuals (Fong, & Mokuau, 1994; Frank‐Stromborg, 1991; Ja, & Aoki, 1993; Tran, 1991; U.S. Census Bureau, 1998).Yet, despite this, Southeast Asian individuals are poorly understood, and the literature reveals little about what health, illness and treatment constitute for these different cultures (Boston, 1992; Buchwald, Panwala, & Hooton, 1992). The ethnic groups that comprise Southeast Asians, formerly known as the Indochinese, include individuals from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos (Catanzaro, & Moser, 1982; Chung, & Kagawa‐Singer, 1993). The majority of these individuals are refugees who fled their countries due to political persecution (Toole, & Waldman, 1993).This paper describes the findings of a phenomenological research study completed among 19 Southeast Asian women regarding beliefs about health and health practices. The women discussed the practice of cao gio (phonetically pronounced as gow yaw) and its importance, effectiveness and significance to their cultures. The discussion relates the study findings to the debate and issues surrounding child abuse, the consequences of misreporting, as well as the consequences of cultural ignorance in the provision of health care to those of different cultural practices and beliefs, particularly those of Southeast Asian ethnicity.
Elder Care: A Positive Approach to Caregiving
Authors: Louderback Pamela 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe primary focus of caregiving research over the past two decades has centered on the negative aspects of the caregiving process. The purpose of this paper is to show that there are positive aspects to caregiving and the importance of refocusing attention to this area. Lack of information regarding the positive dimensions of caregiving alters perceptions of the caregiving experience and limits the ability to enhance theory related to caregiver adaptation. Understanding positive aspects of caregiving may help clinicians and practitioners work more effectively with the family caregiver.
Body Piercing: What Nurse Practitioners Need to Know
Authors: Cartwright Michelle 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTBody piercing is a growing trend among today's youth. Chances are, nurse practitioners will be in contact with someone who has a body piercing and/or complication relating to piercing. This article includes the history of body piercing, the environment of piercing parlors, the methods commonly used, site‐specific explanations of select piercings, complications, treatment and practice implications. Nurse practitioners need to establish collaborative working relationships with their clients as well as those who do the piercings.
CE Forum
Authors: Shumann Lorna , Thornton Susan E. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTInfective endocarditis (IE) is a deadly disease if left untreated. Early detection and treatment of IE reduces the high mortality rate. Mitral valve prolapse is now the leading risk factor for development of IE. The Duke (1994) criteria includes echocardiography as a diagnostic tool. Outclient IV therapy is increasing due to once‐daily dosing regimens, which reduces the cost of treatment. Identifying at risk clients and educating them is vital to the prevention of IE. This article familiarizes the primary care provider with the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, complications, medical treatment, prophylactic management, and client education of IE.
Nurse Practitioners and Physicians: Patients' Perceived Health and Satisfaction with Care
Authors: Pinkerton Jo‐Allyn , Bush Helen A. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe advent of managed care has created changes in the health care environment and nurse practitioners have found a need to evaluate their care. Perceived health and patient satisfaction were measured in a multiethnic sample of 160 clinic patients, ages 18 to 89, in a managed care setting. Results of the Medical Outcomes Study SF‐20 and the Nurse Practitioner Satisfaction Instrument indicated no statistically significant difference in perceived health and satisfaction with care, whether the care was given by a nurse practitioner or a primary care physician. The findings warrant further study and may mean that nurse practitioners placed in managed care environments can be expected to perform as effectively as they have in non‐managed care environments.
Thyroid Disease: A Review for Primary Care
Authors: Larson Joyce , Anderson Elizibeth H. , Koslawy Maria 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTManifestations of thyroid disease include hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In the past, the diagnosis of thyroid disease has been perplexing due to the multisystemic effects of thyroid hormone and the lack of specificity in laboratory tests. New methods of measuring thyroid function have made screening and diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction both more accurate and cost‐effective. Testing for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is now a first‐line diagnostic procedure and, in some cases, may be the only test indicated. The general pathophysiology of thyroid, the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease, and current screening recommendations are reviewed here.
Accessing Patient Assistance Programs to Meet Clients' Medication Needs
Authors: Williams Kristine 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe high cost of medication is a barrier to patient compliance. Nurse practitioners can access patient assistance programs to assist low‐income clients to obtain medications, empowering them to take action to improve their health. At Health Care Access, a primary care clinic serving low‐income, uninsured persons, approximately $150,000 worth of medications were obtained through patient assistance programs in 1997, compared to the total clinic budget of $189,000. Processes for obtaining prescription drugs vary between pharmaceutical companies. An understanding of these types of programs provides nurse practitioners access to these resources for their clients.
NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS: MIGRATION OF A PARASITE
Authors: Schumann Lorna , Bales Holly Winterhalder 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTNeurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Infection occurs following oral ingestion of eggs of the porcine tapeworm, Taenia solium. Eggs migrate to distal tissue sites via the bloodstream, and develop into larval cysts. When cyst growth disrupts normal function of the CNS, patients most commonly present with new onset seizures or hydrocephalus. Neuroimaging with computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to diagnose neurocysticercosis. Treatment regimens are based on cyst location and developmental stage, and include supportive care, supportive care combined with pharmacologie therapy, and surgical intervention.
CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR INITIATING A NURSING FACILITY PRACTICE
Authors: Bonnel Wanda , Belt June , Hill Diane , Wiggins Sharee , Ohm Ruth 
Published: May 2005

PURPOSE:To provide a summary analysis of five case reports describing the challenges and strategies of nurse practi‐tioners' (NPs') first‐year experiences on initiating an effective role in a nursing facility practice.DATA SOURCES:Original qualitative research analyzing written journals of five NPs and written notes from two loosely struc‐tured group discussions among project participants.CONCLUSIONS:Two broad themes emerged: Figuring it Out and Responding/Getting a Handle on Things. Common sense and good resources were identified as critical.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:Strategies to promote ease of role transition are essential for NPs in the nursing facility. Further, in addition to a focus on care of frail older adults, emphasis on the culture of and strategies for nursing facility visits, ethical issues, and ethical decision making are important components of NP educational programs.