bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition between Electroauxiliaries. Selective Electrochemical Oxidation of Heteroatom Compounds Having Silicon and Tin on the Same Carbon
Authors: Yoshida Jun-ichi , Watanabe Mitsuru , Toshioka Hideaki , Imagawa Masayuki , Suga Seiji 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The selective electrochemical oxidation of heteroatom compounds having two different types of electroauxiliaries, i.e. silicon and tin on the same α carbon has been achieved. The C-Sn bond was cleaved selectively and a nucleophile was introduced. The second oxidation of the compound thus obtained gave rise to the cleavage of the C-Si bond and the introduction of a second nucleophile. The present study indicates the feasibility of the redox potential based strategies using electroauxiliaries.
Adsorption of Arsenic(V) by Use of Aluminium-Loaded Shirasu-Zeolites
Authors: Xu Yanhua , Ohki Akira , Maeda Shigeru 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A P1 type Shirasu-zeolite (SZP1) was treated with an aluminium sulfate solution, and thus an aluminium-loaded SZP1 (Al-SZP1) was prepared. By use of Al-SZP1 as an adsorbent, the adsorption of As(V) was examined. The Al-SZP1 was superior to an activated alumina and other aluminium-loaded zeolites in terms of the adsorption ability for As(V).
Stepwise Cyclization of Hydrazonoyl Cyanides with Isothiocyanates to 1,3,4-Thiadiazolines
Authors: Kim Joong Young , Choi Jun Young , Kim Sam Min , Kim Yong Hae 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
1,3,4-Thiadiazolines have been smoothly synthesized by a new stepwise cyclization of hydrazonoyl cyanides with isothiocyanates in the presence of NaH at 25°C.
A Novel Photocatalysis of Phosphorous Porphyrins for Hydration of Benzonitrile
Authors: Igarashi Takeshi , Konishi Katsuaki , Aida Takuzo 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Under irradiation with visible light, oxophosphorous porphyrins [(EtioP)PR(=O), 1 (R = Ph) and 2 (R = Et); EtioP = etioporphyrinato I] and phenyl(methoxy)phosphorous porphyrin chloride [[(EtioP)PPh(OMe)]Cl, 3] catalyzed hydration of benzonitrile to benzamide in alkaline methanol.
Comparative Population Study of Aliphatic Polyesters-Degrading Microorganisms at 50 °C
Authors: Tansengco Myra L , Tokiwa Yutaka 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The populations of four aliphatic polyester-degrading microorganisms at 50 °C were demonstrated in vitro. The percentage of degraders to total microorganisms were: 5-86%, PHB; 3-49%, PCL; 0-87.5%, PBS; and 0-4.5%, PLA.
Hetero-Dinuclear Metal Complexes for RNA Hydrolysis
Authors: Kamitani Jun , Kawahara Ryuto , Yashiro Morio , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
In the presence of a ligand having two metal-binding sites, Fe(III)/Zn(II) and Fe(III)/Cd(II) combinations hydrolyze adenylyl(3′-5′)adenosine. The notable activities are ascribed to the synergetic cooperation between the two kinds of metal ions in the hetero-dinuclear complexes.
The Excellent Performance of TiO2-Supported Li-Mn-W Oxide Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Yudong , Liu Xuxia , Xue Jinzhen , Li Shuben 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Novel alkali metal promoted TiO2-supported Mn-W catalysts are shown to be highly selective for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. 96.8% selectivity to ethylene with the 56.2% ethane conversion is achieved over 2.2 wt%Li-2.1 wt%W-1.7 wt%Mn/TiO2 catalyst at 620°C. Moreover, the results of 200 h stability test and being performed at elevated pressures indicate that this Li-promoted catalyst can be used both under atmospheric pressure and elevated pressures.
A New Chiral Stationary Phase for Gas Chromatography by Use of a Chiral Thiacalix[4]arene Derivative
Authors: Iki Nobuhiko , Narumi Fumitaka , Suzuki Tomohiro , Sugawara Atsushi , Miyano Sotaro 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A new chiral stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography based on a chirally modified p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene with (S)-1-phenylethylamine was prepared to show good separations of enantiomeric amino acid, amine and alcohol derivatives, while the corresponding p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene counterpart did not differentiate the enantiomers.
A Positive-Working Alkaline Developable Photoresist Based on t-Boc-Calix[4]resorcinarene and a Photoacid Generator
Authors: Takeshi Kazumasa , Nakayama Ryuji , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A positive working photoresist based on octa-O-tert-butyl carbonated C-hexylcalix[4]resorcinarene (t-BOC-h-C4) and p-nitrobenzyl-9,10-dimethoxy-anthracene-2-sulfonate (NDS) as a photoacid generator has been developed. The photoresist consisting of t-BOC-h-C4 (90 wt%) and NDS (10 wt%) showed a sensitivity of 24 mJ/cm2 and a contrast of 8.1, when it was exposed to 365 nm light and postbaked at 90°C for 2 min, followed by developing with a 1% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution at room temperature.
Annealing of Two-α-Helix Structure by Metal Ion Binding Regulated with Trifluoroethanol
Authors: Sakamoto Seiji , Ueno Akihiko , Mihara Hisakazu 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A designed two-α-helix peptide His-2α bound effectively a transition metal ion, such as Cu2+ and Zn2+ in buffer containing 10-30% trifluoroethanol, with the α-helix structure being annealed by the metal ion binding.
Migration of Methyl Species of Surface Methoxy Groups on Ta-TMS1
Authors: Lu Lianhai , Abe Ryu , Kondo Junko N , Maruya Kenichi , Domen Kazunari , Igarashi Naoko , Tatsumi Takashi 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
CH318O methoxy group formed by adsorption of CH318OH on Ta-TMS1 was converted to CH16O between 573 and 673 K, indicating the mobility of methyl groups by cleaving the C-O band of methoxy groups.
Synthesis of α-Methylene-γ-lactone Fused to Seven, Eight, and Fourteen-membered Carbocycle through Intramolecular Cyclization of Functionalized Allylsilane with Acid Chloride
Authors: Kuroda Chiaki , Anzai Shuzo 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
α-Methylene-γ-lactone fused to cycloheptane ring was synthesized by intramolecular cyclization of 8-(ethoxycarbonyl)- or 8-(acetoxymethyl)-9-(trimethylsilyl)non-7-enoyl chloride followed by lactonization. α-Methylene-γ-lactone fused to cyclooctane and cyclotetradecane ring were also synthesized from 9-(acetoxymethyl)-10-(trimethylsilyl)dec-8-enoyl chloride and 15-(acetoxymethyl)-16-(trimethylsilyl)hexadec-14-enoyl chloride, respectively.
A Novel Ni-Ru-P Amorphous Alloy Composite Membrane and Its Performance Study
Authors: Wu Guohui , Liu Bingsi , Deng Jing-Fa 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A novel Ni-Ru-P amorphous alloy composite membrane supported on ceramic tube was prepared by the technique of local electroless plating. Compared with porous membranes and Ni-P amorphous alloy membrane, the new Ni-Ru-P membrane exhibits better thermal stability and higher permselectivity for hydrogen, as well as a remarkable promoting effect on the ethanol dehydrogenation.
Formation of Metal-Oxygen Chain Structures by Bridging Dichromate and Coordination Compounds: [MLnCr2O7]∞ (MLn = Cu2+(bipy), Ni2+(en)2, and Ni2+(bipy)2)
Authors: Hayashi Yoshihito , Mano Hidesato , Uehara Akira 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Metal-oxygen linear chain compounds, [Cu(bipy)Cr2O7]∞ (1) (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), [Ni(en)2Cr2O7]∞ (2) (en = ethylenediamine), and [{Ni(bipy)2Cr2O7}(CH3CN)]∞ (3) have been prepared and characterized. X-ray structural analyses of 1 to 3 revealed three chain structures: parallel in 1, layers of chains which criss-cross in 2, and helical in 3.
Synthesis of 2-Aminomethylpyridene-appended [60]Fullerenes. On the Difference in the Metal-binding Properties between 5,6-Open and 6,6-Closed Isomers
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Fukuhara Chie , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Two 2-aminomethylpyridine-appended [60]fullerenes (1) with the 5,6-open and the 6,6-closed structure were synthesized in order to examine the influence of the structural difference on the metal-binding ability. Both compounds could form the 1:1 complex with Ag+ but the Kass for 5,6-1 was larger by more than two orders of magnitude than that for 6,6-1.
Laser-induced Preparation, Laser Melting, and Laser Cleaning of Chromium Microparticles
Authors: Sato Hiroyasu , Matsuzaki Akiyoshi , Nishio Satoru , Yamamoto Takeshi , Morohoshi Atsushi , Takahashi Masumi , Miyahara Yutaka 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Chromium microparticles (20-100 nm) were prepared by 248– nm laser irradiation of deaerated aqueous solutions of chromium (II) dichloride in the presence of sodium formate and sodium polyphosphate, followed by aging. The microparticles transferred onto a silicon substrate were melted by 193– nm laser irradiation. The microparticles on a silicon substrate could be almost completely removed by 308– nm irradiation at the fluence of 0.5 J cm−2 pulse−1.
Toward Synthesis of Novel C-glycoprotein from Human RNase; Unexpected Stereochemistry of Epoxide Opening Reaction by Organolithium Reagents in the Presence of Lewis Acid
Authors: Manabe Shino , Ito Yukishige , Ogawa Tomoya 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A nucleophilic attack reaction to 1,2-anhydro-β-D-manno-pyranose by indole derived organolithium reagents in the presence of BF3·OEt2 afforded isomers of C-aryl glycoside corresponds to the basic skeleton of C-linked mannosyl tryptophan, which is recently identified in human RNase.
Biocatalytic Esterification in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide by Using a Lipid-coated Lipase
Authors: Mori Toshiaki , Kobayashi Atsushi , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A lipid-coated lipase is soluble and acts as a more efficient catalyst for triglyceride syntheses in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) than in conventional organic solvents, and the reactivity can be controlled reversibly by changing pressure and temperature in scCO2.
An Enantioselective Polymer Prepared by the Surface Molecular-Imprinting Technique
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Uezu Kazuya , Goto Masahiro , Furusaki Shintaro , Takagi Makoto 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
An enantioselective imprinted polymer was prepared by the surface template polymerization technique. An organophosphorus extractant was effective as a functional host molecule for recognizing a certain amino acid. The imprinted polymer exhibited a high template effect toward L-tryptophan methylester compared to its D-isomer, while a reference polymer prepared without an imprinting molecule did not show any selectivity among the enantiomers.
Tribenzo-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexathiatriphenylene Dication and Dibenzo-1,4,5,8-tetrathiaphenanthrene Dication
Authors: Nakai Takeo , Kozaki Masatoshi , Sato Kazunobu , Shiomi Daisuke , Takui Takeji , Itoh Koichi , Okada Keiji 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Tribenzo-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexathiatriphenylene dication (12+) and dibenzo-1,4,5,8-tetrathiaphenanthrene dication (22+) were generated in concentrated sulfuric acid. Their zero-field splitting parameters were determined as D = 0.012 cm−1, E ≈ 0.00 cm−1 for 12+, and D = 0.012 cm−1, E ≈ 0.00 cm−1 for 22+. The dication 12+ was found to be a triplet in the ground state, whereas 22+ to be a singlet ground state with the singlet-triplet energy gap of −35 ± 2 J/mol.
Drastic Selectivity Change by SMSI Effect in the CO-H2 Reaction over Pd/CeO2
Authors: Naito Shuichi , Aida Shigeru , Tsunematsu Tadao , Miyao Toshihiro 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Selectivity of CO-H2 reaction over Pd/CeO2 changed drastically from methanol to methane by higher temperature reduction (SMSI effect). Facile isotopic exchange reaction of 12C18O-13C16O indicated the dissociative adsorption of CO over reduced Pd/CeO2, which corresponds to the acceleration of methane formation. Infrared spectroscopic investigation during the reaction suggested that methanol formation sites were formed by the transformation of methane formation sites.
Synthesis and Binding Affinities of Novel Spirocyclic Lactam Peptidomimetics of Somatostatin
Authors: Damour Dominique , Barreau Michel , Blanchard Jean-Charles , Burgevin Marie-Claude , Doble Adam , Pantel Guy , Labaudinière Richard , Mignani Serge 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Synthesis of novel spirocyclic lactam peptidomimetics of the binding domain of somatostatin from commercially available D, L-methionine is described.
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Co/Pd Multilayered Films Prepared by Electroplating
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Kudo Koji , Tamano Haruo , Kobayakawa Koichi 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Co/Pd, Co/Pt and Co/Au multilayered films, generally prepared by dry methods such as sputtering, vacuum evaporation, and MBE method, are known to exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We prepared Co/Pd multilayered film by electroplating from aqueous solution and first time observed that the easy axis of magnetization of the obtained film was in a direction perpendicular to the film plane.
Synthesis and Structure of SO2 Bridged Trinuclear Re Cluster (Et4N)[Re3(μ3-S)(μ-SO2)(μ-S)2Cl6(PEt3)3]
Authors: Sokolov Maxim , Imoto Hideo , Saito Taro 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A SO2 bridged triangular rhenium cluster (Et4N)[Re3(μ3-S)(μ-SO2)(μ-S)2Cl6(PEt3)3] was isolated as one of the products in the reaction of Re3S7Cl7 with triethylphosphine at room temperature. The Re3(μ3-S)(μ-SO2)(μ-S)25+ cluster core is unique and differs in many points from that of closely related Re3(μ3-S)(μ-S)35+ cluster.
Enhanced Electron Transfer from Glucose Oxidase to DNA-Immobilized Electrode Aided by Ferrocenyl Naphthalene Diimide, a Threading Intercalator
Authors: Takenaka Shigeori , Uto Yoshihiro , Takagi Makoto , Kondo Hiroki 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A ferrocene-modified 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxyldiimide (1), bound to double stranded DNA by a threading intercalation mode, enhanced the electron transfer between glucose oxidase and a DNA-immobilized electrode.
Desymmetrization of meso-Diols by Acylation with Axially Chiral Twisted Amides and Its Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Katsumata Hiroko 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Desymmetrization of meso-1,2-, -1,3-, and -1,4-diols was performed by acylation with chiral twisted amides.1 The conformation of the twisted amides was studied by optimization of the PM3 method in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The directionality of the amide bond rotation was considered to be significantly responsible for the stereoselectivity.
Photochromic Reversible Substitution Reaction of Tridentate Schiff Base-Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Nakajima Kiyohiko , Ishibashi Satoshi , Kojima Masaaki 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
In acetonitrile, the chloro ligands of [RuCl2(ppb-etol)(PPh3)] (1, ppb-etol = N-(2-diphenylphosphinobenzilidene)-2-hydroxyethylamine) are substituted with the solvent molecules to yield an equilibrium mixture of [RuCl(CH3CN)(ppb-etol)(PPh3)]Cl (2) and [Ru(CH3CN)2(ppb-etol)(PPh3)]Cl2 (3) at 50°C in the dark. The reaction is accompanied by a color change from orange to yellow. Upon irradiation of UV-vis light, the color of the solution reverts to orange, and complexes 2 and 3 are converted again into complex 1. The color change can be made repeatedly and a reversible photochromic reaction system is constructed.
Music Perception and Cognition
Authors: Justus Timothy C. , Bharucha Jamshed J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis chapter reviews the field of music perception and cognition, which is the area of cognitive psychology devoted to determining the mental mechanisms underlying our appreciation of music. The chapter begins with the study of pitch, including the constructive nature of pitch perception and the cognitive structures reflecting its simultaneous and sequential organization in Western tonal‐harmonic music. This is followed by reviews of temporal organization in music, and of musical performance and ability. Next, literature concerning the cognitive neuroscience of music is examined, including studies of neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and event‐related potentials. The chapter concludes with a discussion of developmental music cognition, cross‐cultural music cognition, and the evolutionary psychology of music.
Neural Basis of Haptic Perception
Authors: Johnson Kenneth 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHaptic perception depends on four types of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Combined psychophysical and neurophysiological research supports the idea that each of the four mechanoreceptive afferent systems innervating the hand serves a distinctly different perceptual function and that haptic perception can be understood as the sum of these functions. The evidence reviewed in this chapter supports the following synthesis: (1) SA1 mechanoreceptive afferent, which innervate the skin densely and are selectively responsive to points, edges and curvature, are responsible for form and texture perception. (2) RA mechanoreceptive afferents, which also innervate the skin densely, are responsible for motion detection. Their most important function is the provision of feedback signals about slip between the skin and an object held in the hand, which is critical for grip control. (3) Pacinian afferents, which are extremely sensitive, are responsible for the perception of distant events through vibrations transmitted to the hand through tools, objects, and probes held in the hand. (4) SA2 mechanoreceptors provide information about skin stretch. Perhaps their most important function is the provision of a neural image of skin stretch that signals the shape of the hand and fingers.
Models of Memory
Authors: Raaijmakers Jeroen G. W. , Shiffrin Richard M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOver the past 50 years, models for human memory have developed from simple data descriptions for specific tasks to general frameworks that can and have been generalized to most of the major paradigms that are used in memory research. We argue that such a generalization across tasks becomes possible because the models specify basic mechanisms rather than simple equations that describe the data in a specific task. We illustrate this by a brief review of the developments since the 1950s, followed by a discussion of the major theoretical frameworks that have been developed over the past 25 years. The early models such as Estes’ Stimulus Sampling Theory focused on learning, but in the 1960s the emphasis gradually shifted to memory and especially the distinction between short‐term and long‐term memory. In the 1980s a number of global models were developed that dealt with data from a variety of memory tasks. Although these global memory models have been quite successful there remained some problems, most notably the explanation for the lack of list‐strength effects in recognition. Recent developments show that models based on a Bayesian or rational approach (ACT‐R, REM) may provide a unified framework for explicit as well as implicit memory.
Cognitive Development
Authors: Gelman Rochel 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis chapter interleaves a review of theories of cognitive development with accounts of the nature of concepts. Of central concern is how young children come to share concepts with members of the community they join. Different classes of cognitive development make contact with different theories about the nature of concepts. Learning theories (e.g., associationist, connectionist and systems theories) and stage theories assume that infants and very young children build concepts from simple sensory and perceptual inputs. The speakers' use of words highlights relevant sensory‐perceptual input, the kind that the mind will combine into associative networks, logical structures, or connectionist networks. These in turn can support the induction or construction of true, that is abstract, concepts. Until this happens, the young child cannot help but be perception‐bound. True concepts are characterized in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions, not particular percepts. They also can be continued according to logical rules.
Perceptual Learning
Authors: Kellman Philip J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPerceptual learning refers to experience‐induced changes in the way information is extracted. Evidence suggests that such changes are pervasive in human perception, affecting tasks from the simplest sensory discriminations to the most complex extraction of abstract relations, and that perceptual learning is not reducible to other forms of learning. In this chapter, I consider perceptual learning phenomena in terms of components of discovery; ways in which new bases of response are attained; fluency; and ways in which the speed and ease of information pickup improve. Although data from several senses are considered, I focus on vision: basic visual sensitivities, “middle vision” (perception of surfaces and objects), and high‐level visual cognition. I consider neural bases and computational models, as well as evidence about the conditions under which learning occurs and real‐world applications of perceptual learning. Perceptual learning, which comprises one of the most important foundations of human expertise, provides a window into plasticity in the nervous system and poses computational challenges in understanding how information extraction changes with experience.
Spatial Learning
Authors: Collett Thomas S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAnimals engage in an enormous variety of spatial behaviors that require accurately directed movements of either an appendage or of the whole animal towards a visible goal. Animals also plan routes to remembered places that are invisible from their starting point. Learning thus occurs for many reasons and in many different systems within the CNS. Plastic adjustments are made to make movements precise and to calibrate estimates of distance and direction. Information is acquired to aid an animal's return to significant places, to follow routes, and more generally to enable it to exploit changing resources within familiar territory. The extent to which animals, other than primates, build a map‐like representation and plan novel routes using it remains a matter of debate.
Role of Learning in Cognitive Development
Authors: Gelman Rochel , Lucariello Joan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this chapter, we review the distinction between development and learning, showing why what is innate and what is learned cannot be treated as mutually exclusive categories. The learning that is essential to cognitive development is driven by domain‐specific skeletal structures, which seek relevant inputs and organize and structure what is revealed by experience. Different domains are defined by different sets of principles, specifying relations between different kinds of entities. The domain of sociality is structured by the principles of contingency, agency, mental states, emotional evaluation, and fittingness. These principles apply to persons in social interactions. This skeletal structure organizes the acquisition of social understanding. Special attention is given to this domain, because the account of structured learning in this domain is given de novo here.We contrast learning in the social domain with learning in two other domains: the domain of number and the domain of causality. The numerical domain is structured by arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, and ordination) and by the principles of nonverbal counting. These principles organize attention to and the learning of verbal counting and basic arithmetic. The central principle in the causal domain is the distinction between animate and inanimate causality. These principles organize the learning of facts about the nature of movements, interactions, and transformations of objects in the animate and inanimate spheres.