bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Linear and Stereoselective Approach for the Synthesis of Dapoxetine
from Benzaldehyde
Authors: Chinta Ramakoteswara Rao , Paridala Kumaraswamy , Tulam Vijay Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
In addition to providing a succinct pathway for the stereoselective synthesis of dapoxetine,
a potent SSRI employed in the treatment of premature ejaculation, this study highlights the strategic
use of Ellman's sulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary. The key method involves the diastereoselective
allylation of (S,E)-N-Benzylidenesulfinamide, resulting in the desired S-configuration critical for the
pharmacological activity of dapoxetine. The utilization of readily available benzaldehyde as the starting
material and 1-naphthol as a late-stage coupling partner contributes to the economic feasibility of
the synthesis. Especially, the linear synthetic approach adopted in this study employs simplified and
more efficient protocols for various transformations, culminating in an overall yield of 26%. This
research not only presents a practical synthetic route for dapoxetine, but also underscores the importance
of cost-effective and streamlined methodologies in drug development processes.
Recent Advances in Biginelli Reaction using Nanoparticles, Zeolites and
Metal Compounds as Catalyst: A Concise Review
Authors: Bhatt Bhaktiben R. , Dixit Bharat C. , Kataria Vipul B. , Dixit Ritu B. , Saiyad Shaffiq 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
The year 1891 is considered as a historic year in chemical science due to the introduction
of novel heterocyclic compounds by P. Biginelli. The classical Biginelli reaction offers 3,4-
dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones in occupancy of acids like Broansted and Lewis. Multifaceted
Dihydropyrimidones (DHPMs) have gained much importance due to their high biological activities.
Several nanoparticles, zeolites and metal compounds are disclosed to improve the yield of this product.
This review subsumes the evolution and effectiveness of catalysts. It summarises the main synthetic
routes which are known to obtain DHPMs using these catalysts. The majority of these catalysts
delivered satisfying catalytic activity which was more than 80% in the vicinity of producing Biginelli
adducts. We hope this review article will be useful to researchers in terms of obtaining higher yields
in a shorter time using easily available and reusable catalysts.
Relationships between Size-specific Dose Estimate and Signal to Noise Ratio
under Chest CT Examinations with Tube Current Modulation
Authors: Qin Tian , Wang Jing , Wang Mengting , Gu Ye , Xie Zongyu , Liang Baohui 
Published: February 2024

Purpose::
Exploring the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of organs and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) in tube current modulation
(TCM) chest CT examination.

Methods::
Forty patients who received TCM chest CT scanning were retrospectively collected and divided into four groups according to the tube voltage and
sexes. We chose to set up the region of interest (ROI) at the tracheal bifurcation and its upper and lower parts in slice images of the heart, aorta,
lungs, paracranial muscles, and female breast, and the SNR of each organ was calculated. We also calculated the corresponding axial volume CT
dose index (CTDIvolz) and axial size-specific dose estimate (SSDEz).

Results::
The correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the SNR of the slice images of most organs and SSDEz was more significant than 0.8,
and that between the SNR and CTDIvol was more significant than 0.7. The simple linear regression analysis results showed that when the sex is
the same, the SNR of the same organ at 100kVp was higher than 120kVp, except for the lung. In multiple regression analysis, the result indicated
that the determination coefficients of the SNR and SSDEz of the four groups were 0.934, 0.971, 0.905, and 0.709, respectively.

Conclusion::
In chest CT examinations with TCM, the correlation between the SNR of each organ in slice images and SSDEz was better than that of CTDIvolz.
And when the SSDEz was the same, the SNR at 100 kVp was better than that at 120 kVp.
Clinical Presentations, MDCT Features, and Treatment of Three Types of Adult
Intussusceptions Based on the Location
Authors: Dong Qiu-jie , Shi Jing , Zhang Chun-lai , Li Xiao-guang , Chen Xiao , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2024

Purpose::
This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences in clinical presentations, multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) features, and
treatment of three types of adult intussusceptions based on location

Methods::
We retrospectively reviewed 184 adult patients with 192 intussusceptions. Depending on the location, intussusceptions were classified as enteric,
ileocolic, and colonic types. The similarities and differences of clinical presentations, MDCT features, and treatment of three types of adult
intussusception were compared. Meanwhile, the three types of intussusceptions were further divided into surgical and conservative groups based
on the treatment. Uni- and multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify risk factors for intussusception requiring surgery.

Results::
Enteric and ileocolic intussusceptions were mainly presented with abdominal pain (78.46% and 85.71%). Hematochezia/melena (64.29%) was the
main symptom of colonic intussusception. On MDCT, ileocolic intussusceptions were longer in length and had more signs of intestinal necrosis
(hypodense layer, fluid collection and no/poor bowel wall enhancement) than enteric and colonic intussusceptions. Moreover, it was found that
93.88% (46/49) of ileocolic intussusception and 98.59% (70/71) of colonic intussusception belonged to the surgical group, whereas only 43.06%
(31/72) of enteric intussusception belonged to the surgical group. Intussusception length (OR=1.171, P=0.028) and discernible lead point on
MDCT (OR=21.003, P<0.001) were reliable indicators of enteric intussusception requiring surgery.

Conclusion::
Ileocolic intussusception may be more prone to intestinal necrosis than enteric and colonic intussusceptions, requiring more attention from
clinicians. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for most ileocolic and colonic intussusceptions. Less than half of enteric intussusceptions
require surgery, and MDCT features are effective in identifying them.
Recent Progress in Isolating and Purifying Amide Alkaloids from their
Natural Habitats: A Review
Authors: Sharma Himanchal , Pathak Divya , Kumar Sachin 
Published: February 2024

:
Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing chemical compounds found in nature. Many alkaloids
are heterocyclic in nature. They are nitrogen-based organic compounds with the nitrogen
atoms enclosed in a heterocyclic ring. The chemical "pro alkaloid" is derived from the alkyl
amines in it. Many ancient people, long before the advent of organic chemistry, recognized that
many of these substances have measurable effects on the body's physiological functions. Alkaloids
are a type of natural substances that are classified as secondary metabolites. Many different
types of organisms create alkaloids, which are a class of natural products. Alkaloids showed antifungal,
local anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, neuropharmacologic, antimicrobial,
and many other activities. Amines, as opposed to alkaloids, are the more common classification
for naturally occurring compounds that contain nitrogen in the exocyclic position (such
as mescaline, serotonin, and dopamine). An amide molecule has a nitrogen atom that is chemically
bound to a carbon atom in the carbonyl group. The -oic acid ending of the corresponding carboxylic
acid is converted to -amide to form the correct nomenclature for an amide. This article
offers an overview of numerous techniques for extracting, separating, and purifying alkaloids for
use in natural medicine.
Evaluation of Urolithin A Efficacy in Heart Failure Patients with
Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover,
Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Hasanpour Maede , Vakilian Farveh , Penson Peter E. , Iranshahy Milad , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy are integral to
myocyte loss and the progression of heart failure. Urolithin A (UA), a microbiota-produced
metabolite of ellagitannins and ellagic acid, is a known stimulator of mitophagy and
mitochondrial biogenesis that has shown cardioprotective effects in experimental models.

Methods:
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2×2 crossover trial was conducted on
10 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The trial design involved two 4-
week intervention periods of UA (500 mg BID) and placebo, separated by a 2-week washout
phase. The patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiogram examination as well as blood
sampling at the beginning and end of each period.

Results:
All patients completed the study. The results failed to reveal any significant effect of
UA supplementation on echocardiographic measures (LVEF, LVEDD, LVESV, and TAPSE).
Plasma concentrations of pro-BNP, glucose, and CRP (p >0.05) were also not altered. Serum
HDL-C levels were increased with UA compared with placebo (+6.46 ± 2.33 mg/dL, p =0.026),
whereas other lipid indices (LDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL-C) remained
unchanged (p >0.05).

Conclusion:
The results of the present study do not support any positive effect of UA
supplementation in improving echocardiographic and biochemical indices of HFrEF. Further studies
with higher doses of UA and longer supplementation duration are encouraged to be conducted.
Influence of Disease-Related Stigma on Patients’ Decisions to Upload Medical Reports to the German Electronic Health Record: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: von Kalckreuth Niklas , Feufel Markus A 
Published: February 2024

Background
The rollout of the electronic health record (EHR) represents a central component of the digital transformation of the German health care system. Although the EHR promises more effective, safer, and faster treatment of patients from a systems perspective, the successful implementation of the EHR largely depends on the patient. In a recent survey, 3 out of 4 Germans stated that they intend to use the EHR, whereas other studies show that the intention to use a technology is not a reliable and sufficient predictor of actual use.

Objective
Controlling for patients’ intention to use the EHR, we investigated whether disease-specific risk perceptions related to the time course of the disease and disease-related stigma explain the additional variance in patients’ decisions to upload medical reports to the EHR.

Methods
In an online user study, 241 German participants were asked to interact with a randomly assigned medical report that varied systematically in terms of disease-related stigma (high vs low) and disease time course (acute vs chronic) and to decide whether to upload it to the EHR.

Results
Disease-related stigma (odds ratio 0.154, P<.001) offset the generally positive relationship between intention to use and the upload decision (odds ratio 2.628, P<.001), whereas the disease time course showed no effect.

Conclusions
Even if patients generally intend to use the EHR, risk perceptions such as those related to diseases associated with social stigma may deter people from uploading related medical reports to the EHR. To ensure the reliable use of this key technology in a digitalized health care system, transparent and easy-to-comprehend information about the safety standards of the EHR are warranted across the board, even for populations that are generally in favor of using the EHR.
Employee Engagement of Influencer Generation: The Role of Employee Voice, Organizational Culture, and Career Development
Authors: Benaya Joseph Onesiforus , Nursanti Tinjung Desy 
Published: February 2024

It is the goal of this research to figure out the extent to which elements such as employee voice, organizational culture, and career development have an impact on employee engagement among Influencer Generation, or generation Z as it is more commonly referred to. In this study, a quantitative methodology is utilized, and the participants are members of Influencer generation who are now employed. For the purpose of this investigation, the application SmartPLS version 4 and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) are utilized for the processing and analysis of the data. According to the findings of the analysis of the data, the factors of career development, corporate culture, and employee voice all have positive and significant effects on employee engagement. Due to the fact that these aspects have an effect on employee engagement, which in turn can lead to increased economic performance, researchers propose that organizations pay attention to employee voice, organizational culture, and career development.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and the Risk of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy: A Population-Based Cohort Study in the U.K.
Authors: Tan Luyuan , Wang Jingya , Han Jieun , Sainsbury Christopher , Denniston Alastair K. , Crowe Francesca L. , Toulis Konstantinos A. , Karamat Muhammad Ali , Yao Mi , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the associations between socioeconomic deprivation and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from 175,628 individuals with diabetes in the Health Improvement Network were used to assess the risk of STDR across Townsend Deprivation Index quantiles using Cox proportional hazard regression.

RESULTS
Among individuals with T1D, the risk of STDR was three times higher (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.67, 95% CI 1.05–7.78) in the most deprived quintile compared with the least deprived quintile. In T2D, the most deprived quintile had a 28% higher risk (aHR 1.28; 95% CI 1.15–1.43) than the least deprived quintile.

CONCLUSIONS
Increasing socioeconomic deprivation is associated with a higher risk of developing STDR in people with diabetes. This underscores persistent health disparities linked to poverty, even within a country offering free universal health care. Further research is needed to address health equity concerns in socioeconomically deprived regions.
Geomarketing as an important element of a food retailer’s business model: A managerial view
Authors: Kita Pavol , Maciejewski Grzegorz , Žambochová Marta , Križan František 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore how geomarketing becomes a key element in managing the business model (BM) of an established retailer on the food market. The survey sample comprised 244 stores, whose managers were questioned by means of a semi-structured interview in 2021. Cluster analysis was used to assess 40 statements from the managers about the BMs of the current store. The resulting clusters indicate, among others, that large retailers devote more and more attention to the analysis of a territory, and their decision-making deepens even more due to the use of a multi-format strategy on the food market. The article contributes to the discussion about the market within geomarketing research in terms of both theory and practice at a time when the population’s income is expected to decrease due to several crises, for example, health-economic and energy, on the food market.
Drones’ contribution to the transformation of contemporary warfare
Authors: Koukoudakis George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in contemporary battlefields constitutes a transformation in warfighting. The consequences of such an innovation can be traced not only to the level of strategy but also in political, economic as well as ethical terms. So far, UAVs have demonstrated decisiveness in non-military contested environments and in conflicts that involve failed states. UAVs, however, have been proved to be militarily effective, but not militarily decisive in conventional wars. Simultaneously, a series of limitations makes over-reliance on them to look faulty. Time will tell whether their further technological advancements will be able to revolutionise the conduct of war.
Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement: Keys to Translating No Poverty and Quality Education SDGs in Philippine Peripheral Communities
Authors: Maimad Marisol T. , Dupa Helina Jean P. , Villegas Jhonnel P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program to alleviate socio-economic conditions in the Philippines, addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 (No Poverty) and 4 (Quality Education). It attempts to address poverty, which is a risk factor to education among Filipinos. However, the program impact on education and economy remains understudied. This paper investigated the recipients of the CCT and analyzed parental involvement and its influence on students’ academic achievement. In this study, parental involvement refers to parenting, learning at home, volunteering, school decision-making, collaborating, and communicating, while academic achievement pertains to the students’ academic performance in the core learning areas: Science, Mathematics, English, and Filipino. Using a descriptive-correlation method, the respondents were randomly selected comprising 306 parents and 306 students in Tarragona District, Davao Oriental, Philippines. The data were analyzed using Spearman Rho Correlation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results showed there was no statistical correlation between parental involvement and student’s academic achievement. Parents had low involvement in learning at home, volunteering, and school decision-making. On the other hand, the students demonstrated high academic achievement in the core learning areas. The significant step of the Philippine government for education through the CCT is an effective approach to keeping children in school. Emphasis must be placed on strengthening parental involvement in children’s education to ensure academic success.
Aktuelle Diskussionen zum Ausbau kapitalgedeckter Altersvorsorge als Ergänzung des Rentensystems
Authors: Haupt Marlene 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Germany faces complex challenges in ensuring adequate pensions and the financial sustainability of its pension system amid demographic aging, necessitating comprehensive reforms. The Focus Group on Private Pensions has proposed measures to reform the private Riester pension scheme, advocating, for example, the enhancement of simplicity, transparency and flexibility. Additionally, it has debated the introduction of a state-mandated fund. The German Council of Economic Experts has also proposed a state-mandated fund with automatic enrollment and an opt-out option. However, the proposal faces skepticism and is widely debated. Despite this, the discussion on a state-mandated fund remains relevant, with political party initiatives even considering mandatory funded pensions.
Eine effektive Grundrente ermöglicht notwendige Rentenreformen
Authors: Haan Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the coming years, the pension system in Germany will face financial challenges. The insurance within pension system must also be strengthened, especially given that the risk of old-age poverty has increased over the years. An effective basic pension that guarantees a minimum amount and is anchored in the pension system would be an important step in reducing poverty in old age. An effective basic pension is also an important prerequisite for implementing necessary pension reforms in Germany, such as increasing the retirement age or stronger (funded) private provision.
Reformoptionen – die keine sind
Authors: Ruland Franz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the German pension debate, reform options are repeatedly proposed that are doomed to failure right from the start as they cannot be legally implemented to begin with. One of these is the inclusion of civil servants in the German state pension scheme. This option, however, is prohibited by the German Constitution. Another example is the inclusion of self-employed persons. This demand cannot be met as many freelancers are unable to pay their full contributions. Inflation adjustment of pensions would mean too much of a burden for women as well as for the sick and the disabled. Redistributing money from pensioners with high benefits to pensioners with a low pension would not be conducive, either. Not only would this mean an infringement of the principle of equality, but also there are too few high pensions to redistribute.
Die Legalisierung von Cannabis in Deutschland
Authors: Beck Hanno , Prinz Aloys 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The federal government has presented a draft law to legalise the controlled use of cannabis, known as the Cannabis Act (CanG). What does this law regulate and how is it expected to affect cannabis use? Is there empirical evidence to support the expectations? What will determine whether the objectives of the law can be achieved or not? This article describes the main provisions of the Cannabis Act and the criticism of it and also examines the possible consequences of this law with a view to the empirical literature.
Fortschritte bei Frauen in Führungspositionen – doch weitere Anstrengungen nötig
Authors: Sondergeld Virginia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Women’s representation on corporate boards of German companies increased again in 2023. In the largest 200 firms, 18 % of executive board members and 32 % of supervisory board members were women. However, in most companies, there is at most one woman on the executive board and the share of women among CEOs has decreased in many places. Companies, policymakers and other stakeholders must make greater efforts to achieve parity. An analysis of IAB data shows that a higher share of women as managers in establishments decreases the gender pay gap among subordinates, however, only if the share at the highest management level exceeds one-third.
ANALISIS PERMAINAN TAMMBONG PADA TARI JEPIN TAMMBONG ANNAM DI DESA KARIMUNTING KECAMATAN SUNGAI RAYA KEPULAUAN KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG
Authors: Aditya Yoga 
Published: February 2024

Permasalahan penelitian ini berkaitan dengan Analisis Permainan Tammbong pada tari Jepin Tammbong Annam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Permainan Tammbong pada Tari Jepin Tammbong Enam. Menggunakan metode deskripsi dengan bentuk kualitatif dan pendekatan etnokoreologi. Sumber data penelitian berupa hasil observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan narasumber Suratmi, Mat’ani dan Ruslan. Perpanjangan pengamatan dan triangulasi sumber digunakan sebagai teknik menguji keabsahan data dengan teknik analisis data reduksi, penyajian serta verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat tiga pola pukul dengan desain lantai berupa garis vertikal, horizontal dan segitiga dengan desain atas datar, lurus, bersudut, simetris, rendah, vertikal dan dalam. Dinamika tidak bervariasi dan tidak memiliki desain dramatik dengan kompisisi kelompok menggunakan desain serempak dan berimbang. Alat musik beruas, gambus, rumba dan syair dengan tata rias natural dan tata busana baju telok belanga, celana, kain dan ikat kepala. Tempat pertunjukan berupa proscenium, arena, panggung tertutup, dan lapangan serta menggunakan properti tammbong. Kata kunci : Jepin Tammbong Annam, Kualitatif, Dinamika, Tempat Pertunjukan.