bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication, microstructure, spectral properties, and laser performance of Yb:GdxY3−xAl5O12 ceramics
Authors: Feng Yagang , Liu Ziyu , Toci Guido , Pirri Angela , Patrizi Barbara , Vannini Matteo , Hreniak Dariusz , Li Jiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHighly transparent 10 at.% Yb:GdxY3−xAl5O12 (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) ceramics were successfully fabricated by vacuum solid‐state reactive sintering at 1800°C for 20 h combined with hot isostatic pressing posttreatment at 1700°C for 3 h under 176 MPa pressure in Ar atmosphere. The in‐line transmittances of these ceramics with the thickness of 2.5 mm are 84.4%, 84.0%, and 83.5% at 1100 nm for x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. The relationships of the Gd3+ content among the phase, microstructures, spectral, and laser properties of the Yb:GdxY3−xAl5O12 ceramics were elucidated in detail. The introduction of Gd3+ has a little influence on the crystal field strength of the Yb3+ sites in GdxY3−xAl5O12. The absorption, emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetime of the Yb3+ in these ceramics are similar, close to 10 at.% Yb:YAG ceramics. Quasi‐continuous wave laser outputs of the ceramics were also achieved. The maximum laser output powers are 7.8, 7.7, and 6.6 W with the corresponding slope efficiency as 46.2%, 44.7%, and 39.2% for x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. The 7.8 W laser output power is the highest value achieved so far for the Yb:GdYAG ceramics, to the best of our knowledge. The previous discussions show that not all the mixed garnets could enhance full width at half maximum of absorption and emission peaks for the active ions; however, the Yb:GdYAG ceramics are still excellent laser gain media.
Highly transparent Tb3Al5O12 ceramics for kilowatt‐level Faraday isolator
Authors: Zhang Lixuan , Starobor Aleksey V. , Hu Dianjun , Li Xiao , Hu Chen , Wu Lexiang , Palashov Oleg V. , Li Jiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTb3Al5O12 (TAG) ceramics with high optical quality were fabricated successfully by a solid‐state reaction method combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post‐treatment. The microstructure, optical transmittance, Verdet constant, and thermo‐optical properties were investigated. The obtained TAG ceramics showed a dense microstructure, and the in‐line transmittance reached 82.8% at 1070 nm after laser‐grade polishing. The Verdet constant of TAG ceramics was measured to be 50.9 rad·T1·m−1 at 1070 nm, which is higher than that of commercial Tb3Ga5O12 crystals. The Faraday isolator based on TAG ceramics can provide an isolation ratio of 30 dB with a laser power of more than 1 kW. With excellent optical quality, high Verdet constant, and maximum working power, TAG transparent ceramics are promising for applications of kilowatt‐level Faraday isolators.
Evaluating false‐positive detection in a computer‐aided detection system for colonoscopy
Authors: Okumura Taishi , Imai Kenichiro , Misawa Masashi , Kudo Shin‐ei , Hotta Kinichi , Ito Sayo , Kishida Yoshihiro , Takada Kazunori , Kawata Noboru , Maeda Yuki , Yoshida Masao , Yamamoto Yoichi , Minamide Tatsunori , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Sato Junya , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimComputer‐aided detection (CADe) systems can efficiently detect polyps during colonoscopy. However, false‐positive (FP) activation is a major limitation of CADe. We aimed to compare the rate and causes of FP using CADe before and after an update designed to reduce FP.MethodsWe analyzed CADe‐assisted colonoscopy videos recorded between July 2022 and October 2022. The number and causes of FPs and excessive time spent by the endoscopist on FP (ET) were compared pre‐ and post‐update using 1:1 propensity score matching.ResultsDuring the study period, 191 colonoscopy videos (94 and 97 in the pre‐ and post‐update groups, respectively) were recorded. Propensity score matching resulted in 146 videos (73 in each group). The mean number of FPs and median ET per colonoscopy were significantly lower in the post‐update group than those in the pre‐update group (4.2 ± 3.7 vs 18.1 ± 11.1; P < 0.001 and 0 vs 16 s; P < 0.001, respectively). Mucosal tags, bubbles, and folds had the strongest association with decreased FP post‐update (pre‐update vs post‐update: 4.3 ± 3.6 vs 0.4 ± 0.8, 0.32 ± 0.70 vs 0.04 ± 0.20, and 8.6 ± 6.7 vs 1.6 ± 1.7, respectively). There was no significant decrease in the true positive rate (post‐update vs pre‐update: 95.0% vs 99.2%; P = 0.09) or the adenoma detection rate (post‐update vs pre‐update: 52.1% vs 49.3%; P = 0.87).ConclusionsThe updated CADe can reduce FP without impairing polyp detection. A reduction in FP may help relieve the burden on endoscopists.
Statin use in cirrhosis and its association with incidence of portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Amjad Waseem , Jiang Zhenghui , Lai Michelle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimStatin use has shown a reduction in hepatic decompensation and portal hypertension. Its association with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) incidence is unknown. We aim to compare the incidence of PVT in patients with and without statin use.MethodsWe excluded patients with a history of hepatocellular cancer, liver transplants, Budd–Chiari syndrome, and intra‐abdominal malignancies. Patients with cirrhosis were followed from their first hepatologist clinical encounter (January 1, 2016, to January 31, 2021) for 180 days to determine PVT incidence. We tested the association of statin use with PVT using 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching and Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsWe analyzed 2785 patients with cirrhosis (mean age:61.0 ± 12.3 years, 44.3% female, 63.8% White, mean MELD‐Na score:11.7 ± 6.1, and statin use:23.1%). A total of 89 patients developed PVT during the follow‐up, which was lower in patients with statin use as compared to no statin use (1.3% vs 3.8%, P = 0.001, unadjusted HR:0.28, 95% CI: 0.13–0.62, P = 0.001). After matching for demographics, comorbidities, and hepatic decompensation events, patients with statin use had a lower risk of developing PVT in 180‐day follow‐up as compared to those without statin use (HR:0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.55, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that statin use was associated with lower PVT incidence in non‐NASH (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07–0.54, P = 0.002) and decompensated cirrhosis (HR: 0.12, 95% CI:0.03–0.53, P = 0.005) than no statin use.ConclusionPVT incidence was lower in decompensated cirrhosis patients with statin use than in those with no statin use. However, this finding needs to be further tested in randomized control trials.
The effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Seyhan Şahin Semra , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe study was carried out to investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents.DesignA parallel‐group randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe study population consisted of ninth‐grade (aged 14 years) high school students (n = 200). The study was completed with 48 participants (intervention: 24; control: 24). The data were collected using the Participant Information Form, the Stages of Change Questionnaire, the Peer Bullying Scale, and the Cyberbullying Scale. The intervention group received a preparatory session and five weekly motivational interviewing sessions. Instruments were administered to both groups before the intervention, at the end of the last motivational interviewing session (post‐test), and at 3rd‐ and 6th‐month follow‐ups. The data were analyzed using chi‐square test, independent sample t‐test, and two‐way mixed‐design ANOVA with Bonferroni's test.ResultsIn the pre‐test, no statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding mean scores for peer bullying and cyberbullying (p > 0.05). Following the motivational interviewing sessions, adolescents in the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score for peer bullying and cyberbullying than the control group at the post‐test and follow‐up tests (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study concluded that motivational interviewing effectively reduced peer bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents.Clinical RelevanceNurses would implement motivational interviewing to prevent bullying behaviors in schools.
TiO2 II: The high‐pressure Zr‐free srilankite endmember in impact rocks
Authors: Campanale F. , Mugnaioli E. , Folco L. , Parlanti P. , Gemmi M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTiO2II, a high‐pressure polymorph of titanium dioxide, is a diagnostic indicator of shock metamorphism in impact rocks. Due to its typical micro‐to‐nanometer scale, there are no ab initio structure solutions of natural TiO2II, thereby generating uncertainty about its crystal structure and its known similarity with srilankite (Ti0.67,Zr0.33)O2. Nanoscale electron diffraction investigation of TiO2II from the Australasian tektite strewn field provides the first ab initio structure solution revealing a primitive orthorhombic lattice with cell parameters a = 4.547 Å, b = 5.481 Å, c = 4.891 Å, and space group Pbcn, that is, the same as srilankite and scrutinyite α‐PbO2. The linear a and c decrease, and b increase with Ti content indicate TiO2II as Zr‐free srilankite endmember in the binary system ZrO2‐TiO2. Thereby the name srilankite should be used referring to TiO2II, according to the International Mineralogical Association recommendations. We provide the first evidence for a topotactic subsolidus rutile‐to‐TiO2II transition, founding their finely intermixing nanocrystals in the same TiO2 crystal, where TiO2II is within the crystal and surrounded by rutile in direct contact. They also show recurrent iso‐orientation, with TiO2II [100] parallel to rutile [100], TiO2II [010] parallel to rutile [011], and TiO2II [001] parallel to rutile (0–11). The rutile‐TiO2II iso‐orientation suggests the compression of rutile (0–11) planes as a possible transition mechanism from rutile to TiO2II, with a consequent shortening of ~0.5 Å per cell. The presence of TiO2II in the distal (~1200 km) impact ejecta from the Australasian tektite strewn field indicates shock pressures of ~12–15 GPa and post‐shock temperatures below 500°C followed by rapid quenching.
Maternal neighbourhood‐level social determinants of health and their association with paediatric hepatitis C screening among children exposed to hepatitis C in pregnancy
Authors: Foley Mary K. , Djerboua Maya , Kushner Tatyana , Biondi Mia J. , Feld Jordan J. , Terrault Norah A. , Flemming Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend HCV screening by 18 months of age for those exposed to HCV in utero; yet, screening occurs in the minority of children.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between maternal neighbourhood‐level social determinants of health (SDOH) and paediatric HCV screening in the general population in a publicly funded healthcare system in Canada.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data held at ICES. Children born to individuals positive for HCV RNA in pregnancy from 2000 to 2016 were identified and followed for 2 years. Major SDOH were identified, and the primary outcome was HCV screening in exposed children (HCV antibody and/or RNA). Associations between SDOH and HCV screening were determined using multivariate Poisson regression models adjusting for confounding.ResultsA total of 1780 children born to persons with +HCV RNA were identified, and 29% (n = 516) were screened for HCV by age two. Most mothers resided in the lowest income quintile (42%), and most vulnerable quintiles for material deprivation (41%), housing instability (38%) and ethnic diversity (26%) with 11% living in rural locations. After adjustment for confounding, maternal rural residence (risk ratio [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62, 1.07) and living in the highest dependency quintile (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65, 1.07) were the SDOH most associated with paediatric HCV screening. Younger maternal age (RR 0.98 per 1‐year increase, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99), HIV co‐infection (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16, 2.48) and GI specialist involvement (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00, 1.39) were associated with higher probabilities of screening.ConclusionsAmong children exposed to HCV during pregnancy, rural residences and living in highly dependent neighbourhoods showed a potential association with a lower probability of HCV screening by the age of 2. Future work evaluating barriers to paediatric HCV screening among rural residing and dependent residents is needed to enhance the screening.
A supply‐side alternative for SRD grants in South Africa
Authors: Van Heerden Jan Horn , Horridge Jonathan Mark , Suarez‐Cuesta David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring a lively debate between Haroon Bhorat and Michael Sachs at the University of Pretoria recently, Bhorat pleaded for supply‐side measures to alleviate poverty in South Africa, rather than demand‐side measures. (The debate took place during a session at the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences' Inaugural Research Day on 8 September, 2023).Bhorat claimed that the SRD grants could not secure a solution to unemployment in a sustainable manner. In this paper, we use the UPGEM Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the University of Pretoria to test the performance of wage subsidies in South Africa, in comparison to the Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grants of the same expenditure magnitude, and report on the differences between the two policy measures in terms of (i) unemployment alleviation, (ii) poverty alleviation and (iii) economic impact in general.
Informal peer‐assisted learning amongst medical students: A qualitative perspective
Authors: Morris Timothy J. , Collins Sarah , Hart Joanne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposePeer‐assisted learning (PAL) can occur informally as part of a medical programme and complements the formal curriculum. However, little is known about the mechanisms and processes of how informal peer‐assisted learning (IPAL) is enacted.Materials and MethodsThis paper presents data from an ethnographic and semi‐structured interview study with Year 1 and 2 undergraduate medical students at a UK university.ResultsPeers were observed assisting each other informally: a process that developed as part of the integrated, group‐based approach to undergraduate medical education at a UK university. IPAL took place both within and outside of formal teaching sessions and included explanation/clarification of particular points, sharing resources, guiding pronunciation and demonstrating skills. Students placed a high value on IPAL and believed that it was beneficial. When IPAL broke down, this led to negative emotions that presented obstacles to learning, such as resentment.ConclusionsIPAL is an important part of academic support for medical students, and this work shows both its scope, extending from formal to informal teaching, and how it is enacted. This understanding can help educators situate IPAL within student education.
The future of blood services amid a tight balance between the supply and demand of blood products: Perspectives from the ISBT Young Professional Council
Authors: Lewin Antoine , McGowan Eunike , Ou‐Yang Jian , Boateng Lilian Antwi , Dinardo Carla Luana , Mandal Saikat , Almozain Nour , Ribeiro Jannison , Sasongko Syeldy Langi ,   the Young Professional Council of the ISBT
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood services manage the increasingly tight balance between the supply and demand of blood products, and their role in health research is expanding. This review explores the themes that may define the future of blood banking.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the PubMed database for articles on emerging/new blood‐derived products and the utilization of blood donors in health research.ResultsIn high‐income countries (HICs), blood services may consider offering these products: whole blood, cold‐stored platelets, synthetic blood components, convalescent plasma, lyophilized plasma and cryopreserved/lyophilized platelets. Many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) aim to establish a pool of volunteer, non‐remunerated blood donors and wean themselves off family replacement donors; and many HICs are relaxing the deferral criteria targeting racial and sexual minorities. Blood services in HICs could achieve plasma self‐sufficiency by building plasma‐dedicated centres, in collaboration with the private sector. Lastly, blood services should expand their involvement in health research by establishing donor cohorts, conducting serosurveys, studying non‐infectious diseases and participating in clinical trials.ConclusionThis article provides a vision of the future for blood services. The introduction of some of these changes will be slower in LMICs, where addressing key operational challenges will likely be prioritized.
Framework for Multi-Level Optimisation of Offshore Wind Jacket Foundations
Authors: Bjerre Nielsen Martin , Bučinskas Paulius , Andrew Japhta Dylan , Galbraith Chris , Boughosyan Hovick 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents Wood Thilsted’s in-house developed framework MORPHEUS for structural optimization of jacket structures. The approach is based on a hybrid model consisting of 3D Timoshenko beam elements, combined with stiffness and mass representation of non-trivial details like the transition piece (TP) and tubular joints using 3D FE shell or solid models. For tubular joints, the 3D solid FE-models are automatically generated based on the beam geometry and offsets in the global model. The associated stiffness and mass contributions are then evaluated and used to adjust the local joint flexibility. Additionally, the 3D FE models are used for detailed stress evaluation by so-called local influence matrices. These provide relations between incoming member section forces and local stresses at relevant hotspots along the intersection weld in the tubular joints, thereby ensuring full consistency between stiffness representation and stress evaluation at detailed level. It is illustrated how the framework enables multi-level optimization, automatically adjusting both the global member sizing (thicknesses) in the beam model and the thicknesses in the tubular joints. This is achieved by alternating between the global beam-based model and the individual 3D solid FE models.
A Comparison of the Influence of Using Empirical or Mathematically Pre-Defined Wave Energy Spectra for Tower Base Bending Fatigue Calculations
Authors: Vlachogiannis Prokopios , Peyrard Christophe , Pillai Ajit C. , Collu Maurizio , Ingram David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the structural design of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT), fatigue plays a critical role in determining the final design of the system. The fatigue loads are the result of combined aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces acting on the elastic structure. The industry standard approach for assessing the fatigue loads involves grouping the environmental conditions into bins. These conditions include wind speed and direction, wave height, period and direction and the sea state spectral shape. In shallow seas with limited fetch the JONSWAP spectrum, or a JONSWAP-derived spectrum, is normally fitted to the site conditions and used, which also includes a peak enhancement factor (GAMMA) in a range defined by the significant wave height and peak period. However, this adjustment is sensitive to the parameter fitting process, while the vital Peak Enhancement Factor (gamma) parameter is commonly chosen as an arbitrary empirical value in the given range.
In this paper, we examine how the calculation of bending fatigue of the tower base of the IEA 15MW open source turbine supported by the UMaine VolturnUS semi-submersible is influenced by either the use of empirical spectra (measured or simulated for the specific site) against pre-described site-fitted formulas for spectral shape, and the use of different spectra per hourly sea state against a single spectrum per data bin.
The results indicate an influence of both the used spectral shape as well as the use of spectra for each sea state instead of a single spectrum per bin of data.
OpenFAST Modeling of the T-Omega Wind Floating Offshore Wind Turbine System
Authors: Wang Lu , Jonkman Jason , Papadopoulos Jim , Myers Andrew T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To reduce the cost of offshore wind energy through a more efficient design of the floating support structure, T-Omega Wind developed a novel lightweight and shallow-draft platform concept that aims to achieve a wave-following behavior without resonance amplification. The rotor and generator are carried by four tower legs with each leg supported by a shallow-draft float at the base. In preparation for a more detailed analysis, a coupled aero-hydro-elastic model of the proposed concept is developed in OpenFAST. The detailed modeling approach is presented, including a novel application of the SubDyn substructure dynamics module of OpenFAST to approximate the loads on the axle tube at the tower top from the rotor hub bearings. Preliminary results obtained with the OpenFAST model by rigidifying the substructure and blades indicate that the original sizing of the design can lead to large hub acceleration in the axial/surge and pitch directions due to platform-pitch motion. The high axial acceleration also potentially leads to large bending moments in the four tower legs. To address these issues, an updated design is developed with, among other changes, increased float spacing at the tower base and improved shear-transmitting geometry of the tower legs. The new design suggests significantly reduced extreme hub accelerations under the same conditions even with structural flexibility and will be further analyzed in the future through full aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations.
PRyMordial: the first three minutes, within and beyond the standard model
Authors: Burns Anne-Katherine , Tait Tim M. P. , Valli Mauro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work we present : A package dedicated to efficient computations of observables in the Early Universe with the focus on the cosmological era of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). The code offers fast and precise evaluation of BBN light-element abundances together with the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom, including non-instantaneous decoupling effects. is suitable for state-of-the-art analyses in the Standard Model as well as for general investigations into New Physics active during BBN. After reviewing the physics implemented in , we provide a short guide on how to use the code for applications in the Standard Model and beyond. The package is written in Python, but more advanced users can optionally take advantage of the open-source community for Julia. is publicly available on GitHub.