bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activité pédagogique appliquée à la traduction-révision : expérience de télécollaboration entre étudiants français et étudiants japonais
Authors: Higashi Tomoko , Frérot Cécile 
Published: February 2024

C’est dans le contexte de l’enseignement de la traduction spécialisée et de l’enseignement du français que nous œuvrons à la conception d’un dispositif d’apprentissage en télécollaboration entre étudiants français (Université Grenoble Alpes) et étudiants japonais (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies). Le cadre expérimental mis en place s’applique à une activité de traduction-révision mobilisant les compétences visées par le Référentiel européen de compétences en traduction (EMT, 2022) et par le Cadre européen commun de compétences pour les langues (CECRL, 2020). Cette activité de traduction-révision déclinée en différentes étapes est réalisée par des apprenants natifs vers une langue étrangère (français-japonais et japonais-français) et elle se caractérise par des langues et cultures distantes ; elle implique notamment une communication avec les outils Zoom et Line et elle revêt un double objectif : développer les compétences linguistiques, interculturelles, interpersonnelles, mais aussi communicatives et pragmatiques. La question de recherche qui sous-tend notre travail consiste à explorer dans quelle mesure et sous quelles formes les dimensions interculturelles et langagières sont présentes dans les données collectées que nous analysons (interactions langagières issues des séances sur Zoom) et en quoi elles éclairent l’acquisition des compétences visées.
Examining trends in epidemic typhus using historical texts
Authors: Walker Mark David 
Published: February 2024

Background & objectives:
Although associated with conflict, epidemic typhus was endemic across Europe into the modem period. The extent of the problem it caused is uncertain as record keeping in the most affected socioeconomic groups was rare. Google Ngram Viewer details the frequency of word usage in written language over time. The objective was to examine whether use of the word typhus reflected potential patterns in epidemic typhus.

Methods:
The frequency of the word ‘typhus’ was used in British English was studied between 1800 and 2019 and trends were examined.

Results:
Clear differences in word usage were apparent; use increased throughout the 19th century corresponding to increasing industrialization. Peaks coinciding with World Wars 1 and 2 were apparent. Strong correlations with the words “conflict”, “warfare” and “industry” were seen. Mean shifts corresponded to public health legislation in the UK and the introduction of antibiotics.

Interpretation & conclusion:
This study illustrates how examination of word usage can illuminate aspects of disease occurrence where official data sources are lacking.
Framework for evaluating code generation ability of large language models
Authors: Yeo Sangyeop , Ma Yu‐Seung , Kim Sang Cheol , Jun Hyungkook , Kim Taeho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various applications in natural language processing and exhibited proficiency in generating programming code. We propose a framework for evaluating the code generation ability of LLMs and introduce a new metric,
, which captures the granularity of accuracy according to the pass rate of test cases. The framework is intended to be fully automatic to handle the repetitive work involved in generating prompts, conducting inferences, and executing the generated codes. A preliminary evaluation focusing on the prompt detail, problem publication date, and difficulty level demonstrates the successful integration of our framework with the LeetCode coding platform and highlights the applicability of the
metric.
Joint streaming model for backchannel prediction and automatic speech recognition
Authors: Choi Yong‐Seok , Bang Jeong‐Uk , Kim Seung Hi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn human conversations, listeners often utilize brief backchannels such as “uh‐huh” or “yeah.” Timely backchannels are crucial to understanding and increasing trust among conversational partners. In human–machine conversation systems, users can engage in natural conversations when a conversational agent generates backchannels like a human listener. We propose a method that simultaneously predicts backchannels and recognizes speech in real time. We use a streaming transformer and adopt multitask learning for concurrent backchannel prediction and speech recognition. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method compared with previous works while maintaining a similar single‐task speech recognition performance. Owing to the extremely imbalanced training data distribution, the single‐task backchannel prediction model fails to predict any of the backchannel categories, and the proposed multitask approach substantially enhances the backchannel prediction performance. Notably, in the streaming prediction scenario, the performance of backchannel prediction improves by up to 18.7% compared with existing methods.
Contribution of poultry farming to households’ welfare: A case of enterprise diversification strategy by livestock farmers in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: G.F. Okwuokenye  , F. Onyemekihian  , E. Jov  
Published: February 2024

The study assessed the contribution of poultry farming to households’ welfare in Abuja, Nigeria. Multistage sampling was used in selecting the respondents and data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that average age, household size, farm size and farm experience were 43.30 years, 6 persons, 869 birds and 8.01 years respectively. Additionally, the study found that poultry farming was profitable based on an average earned income of N397,768.36. It was found that the income realized from poultry farming helped in alleviating the poverty status of the farmers. Furthermore, results of the logistic regression revealed that farmers’ age, household size, years of farming experience, educational level and income had significant influences on the income earned from poultry farming. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that there is need for farmers to be vigilant and at all times be on the watch so that any suspected sick birds should be isolated from the others and that government should intervene to subsidize farm inputs such as feeds and vaccines so that they should not only be affordable but also try to stabilize their prices for the farmers.
Constraints militating against the use of adaptation strategies to climate change effects by small-scale rice farmers in Northeastern, Nigeria
Authors: K.M. Malabe  , D.H. Yakubu  , A.K. Ango  , A.A. Barau  , S. Haruna  
Published: February 2024

This study ascertained the constraints militating against the use of adaptation strategies to climate change effects amongst rice farmers in Northeastern Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 rice farmers. The analytical tools used to analyze the data obtained were descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows the used and unused adaptation strategies for drought resistant rice variety were 33.0% and 67.0%, heat resistant rice variety were 30.7% and 69.3%, short rice cycle seeds were 2.3% and 97.7%, early maturing rice variety were 32.7% and 67.3%, early planting were 32.0% and 68.0%, late planting were 33.0% and 67.0%, early harvesting were 32.7% and 67.3%, late harvesting were 31.7% and 68.3. The result on constraints militating against the use of adaptation strategies shows that the constraints with higher loading factors were low level of income (λ=0.799), low literacy level (λ=0.727), inadequate knowledge on how to cope with climate change related issues (λ=0.761), poor response to climate related issues (λ=0.782), poor financial support from NGOs (0.648), inadequate agricultural loans (0.655) and high administrative charges on loan (λ=0.555). Other constraints included inadequate extension workers (λ=0.583), inadequate extension contacts (λ=0.550), long bureaucracy in getting formal credit (λ=0.588), lack of reliable sources of information on climate change (λ=0.708), loans not readily available during farming season (λ=0.752), and inadequate financial support from government (0.428). Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that low users of adaptation strategies were evident in the zone. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should encourage the use of adaptation strategies in the zone.
Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Abuse among University Undergraduates in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obi A.I. , Pop-Yornwin G. , Taiwo E.T. , Adayonfo E. , Obi J.N. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Sexual abuse is a public health problem that poses serious challenge to health and wellbeing of young persons, globally. This study assessed prevalence and predictors of sexual abuse among undergraduate students in the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria in order to develop appropriate preventive intervention
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 undergraduate students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State. Respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Selfadministered questionnaires were utilized for the study. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.4 ± 2.8 years and 300 (60%) were females. Awareness of sexual abuse was 98.0%. Lifetime and period (one year) prevalence of sexual abuse was 320 (64.0%) and 200 (62.5%) respectively. Determinants of sexual abuse were female sex (OR=2.234, CI= 1.532 – 3.527, p<0.001), room sharing (OR=2.637, CI= 0.416 – 0.977, p = 0.039), self-support in school (OR = 2.587, CI= 0.416 – 0.977, p = 0.036), history of previous sexual abuse (OR = 6.043, CI= 3.689 – 6.238, p = 0.001) and history of abusive relationship (OR= 5.010, CI= 1.321 – 3.234, p = 0.023).
Conclusion: Sexual abuse is prevalent among study population, with more females than males affected. The University of Benin Management should develop preventive measures that will aid prompt identification and reporting of sexual abuse with anonymity to appropriate authority
Box-Behnken optimization of pin-on-disc wear test process parameters
Authors: Aliemeke B.N.G. , Okwudibe H.A. , Omoakhalen A.I. , Major P. 
Published: February 2024

The Full factorial and Box-Behnken Designs for determination of optimal values of wear rate using pin –on-disc wear test parameters have been successfully carried out. The parameters used are track diameter of the disc, mass difference of specimen before and after the test and speed of the disc. The mathematical model developed for the “smaller-the-better” wear rate response by the Full factorial and Box-Behnken Design methods were adjudged adequate with a pvalue of 0.025 and 0.046 respectively. Also, the adjusted R2 values of the Factorial and Box-Behnken Designs were determined to be 0.89 and 0.69 respectively. The statistical ANOVA analysis carried out on the Box-Behnken Design showed that the track diameter and the mass difference were significant with a p-value of 0.041 and 0.007 respectively. Contour plots and response surface plot developed for the factorial method and the Box-Behnken Design displayed appreciable level of similarity. It was noticed that a reduction of wear was occasioned by an increase in track diameter and speed of the disc.
Bacteriolytic activity of ruminal protozoa is affected by rate and type of common essential oils: Effect of thyme oil
Authors: Sahan Z. 
Published: February 2024

Over the past two decades, research into the effects of essential oils (EOs) on rumen microorganisms as an alternative to antibiotics has intensified. Yet, there are few investigations on rumen protozoa. To evaluate if EOs have antiprotozoal efficacy against rumen protozoa, the present investigation was conducted. Using the potentiality of rumen protozoa to digest 14C-labeled bacteria, the influence of EOs on in vitro protozoal activity was determined. For the study, orange peel, cinnamon, laurel, oleaster, garlic, and thyme essential oils were selected. Control (without essential oil), 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 5000 mg/kg dosages were used. Except for garlic oil, all essential oils showed a notable effect on antiprotozoal activity. The highest antiprotozoal impact was reported at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses of thyme oil, with respective reductions of 89.1% and 84.8% in bacteria degraded by protozoa. Cinnamon and oleaster oils had the strongest antiprotozoal efficacy at a concentration of 5000 mg/kg. At 5000 mg/kg doses of oleaster and cinnamon oils, the quantity of 14C-labeled bacteria degraded by protozoa was reduced by 96% compared to the group that served as the control. In conclusion, orange peel, cinnamon, laurel, oleaster, and thyme oils demonstrated remarkable in vitro antiprotozoal activity; however, more comprehensive research is required to analyse the effects of the EOs used in this study on rumen living groups such as protozoa, bacteria, and yeast and on rumen dynamics.
KNOWLEDGE , ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS HIV PREVENTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING WAKISO HEALTH CENTRE IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: NAMUKISA FELICITY , NABUKENYA SHARIFAH 
Published: February 2024

Background:
This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS among adolescents attending Wakiso Health Centre IV, Wakiso district.

Methodology:
The study employed a cross-sectional study design to describe the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards prevention of HIV/AIDS among adolescents attending Wakiso Health Centre IV, Wakiso district for 10 days from 50 respondents by use of a questionnaire containing questions to assess the respondent’s demographic data, knowledge, attitude and practices towards prevention of HIV/AIDS and methods.

Results:
92% of them had never heard about HIV, and all were single. The majority of the respondents 50%, knew that HIV can be prevented through abstinence, 20% by condom use, 18% by being faithful and 8% by not sharing sharp objects. A small group of the respondents 4% knew about Safe Male Circumcision (SMC) and the respondents said that abstinence, use of condoms, being faithful to your partner, and not sharing sharp objects: 48%, 20%, 16%, and 12% respectively were good methods for HIV/AIDS prevention. Respondents 48% said abstinence was the best method for HIV/AIDS prevention, 80% had tested for HIV/AIDS and 60% did SMC.

Conclusion:
The study found out that adolescents had good knowledge of abstinence, use of condoms, being faithful, not sharing sharp objects, and inadequate knowledge of SMC, they had good attitudes towards abstinence, use of condoms, being faithful, and practiced abstinence, SMC, and HIV testing. The result justifies the effort put in by different stakeholders to create and promote awareness of the prevention of HIV among adolescents.

Recommendation:
Wakiso Health Centre IV should ensure sex education at all times to ensure continuous awareness of HIV prevention among adolescents.
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Authors: Parker Gary , An Chenge , Lamb Michael P. , Garcia Marcelo H. , Dingle Elizabeth H. , Venditti Jeremy G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The grain size 2 mm is the conventional border between sand and gravel. This size is used extensively, and generally without much physical justification, to discriminate between such features as sedimentary deposit type (clast-supported versus matrix-supported), river type (gravel bed versus sand bed), and sediment transport relation (gravel versus sand). Here we inquire as to whether this 2 mm boundary is simply a social construct upon which the research community has decided to agree or whether there is some underlying physics. We use dimensionless arguments to show the following for typical conditions on Earth, i.e., natural clasts (e.g., granitic or limestone) in 20 ∘C water. As grain size ranges from 1 to 5 mm (a narrow band including 2 mm), sediment suspension becomes vanishingly small at normal flood conditions in alluvial rivers. We refer to this range as pea gravel. We further show that bedload movement of a clast in the pea gravel range with, for example, a size of 4 mm moving over a bed of 0.4 mm particles has an enhanced relative mobility compared to a clast with a size of 40 mm moving over a bed of the same 4 mm particles. With this in mind, we use 2 mm here as shorthand for the narrow pea gravel range of 1–5 mm over which transport behavior is distinct from both coarser and finer material. The use of viscosity allows the delineation of a generalized dimensionless bed grain size discriminator between “sand-like” and “gravel-like” rivers. The discriminator is applicable to sediment transport on Titan (ice clasts in flowing methane/ethane liquid at reduced gravity) and Mars (mafic clasts in flowing water at reduced gravity), as well as Earth.
LETTERATE ELOGIATE DA LODOVICO DOLCE
Authors: Boubara Ada 
Published: February 2024

Lodovico Dolce nel suo trattato Dialogo di M. Lodovico Dolce della institution delle donne secondo li tre stati, che cadono nella vita humana sottolinea che per la formazione della donna, è necessario coltivare le virtù morali ma allo stesso tempo sostiene “Che la donna de’ imparar lettere” e crede che “li studi delle lettere fanno le Donne buone”. Così i suoi ragionamenti allineati alla prospettiva litterae e mores mirano a formare un testo pedagogico-educativo adatto per le donne appartenenti allo stato verginale, maritale o vedovile. Per rafforzare la sua convinzione riguardo all’importanza delle lettere come elemento essenziale dell’educazione femminile, presenta ed elogia delle donne letterate e le rappresenta come modello valoroso e rispettabile. Lodovico Dolce, tra le varie figure encomiate, esalta Cassandra Fedele, Vittoria Colonna Marchesa di Pescara, Veronica Gambara Contessa di Correggio e altre.
Recuperación de recetas tradicionales en los habitantes del municipio de Sogamoso, Boyacá
Authors: González Aguilar Nelson 
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la aplicación de estrategias para recuperar y promover la gastronomía tradicional dirigida al turismo local a partir de la elaboración de la arepa de mazorca en el municipio de Sogamoso en el departamento de Boyacá, la metodología utilizada es cualicuantitativa de tipo formativa, con una población de 20 personas del municipio Sogamoso, se aplicó para recolectar la información una encuesta, cuyo instrumento dio como resultado, que los habitantes de Sogamoso tienen un desconocimiento de las tradiciones gastronómicas de la región Boyacense, afectando esto el turismo como parte de la economía del sector y por ende, desconociendo la culturas ancestrales de tiempos de los abuelos, lo que empaña la expansión de la productividad económica. Así mismo, que la mayoría de los Boyacenses encuestados, desconoce las comidas tradicionales de Sogamoso y que desconocen los nutrientes de la arepa de mazorca y además, no dan valor tradicional de la misma como cultura Boyacense. Se recomendó realizar talleres, jornadas de publicidad en las instituciones educativas, locales de la región, para expandir y rescatar las tradiciones gastronómicas.
Exploring the Byzantine Levels of the Destroyed Baalshamin Sanctuary through Archival Research: An Exercise in Decolonizing History
Authors: Michel Patrick M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe Temple of Baalshamin in Palmyra was excavated by a Swiss team (1954–1956, 1966) led by the Swiss archaeologist Paul Collart. All of the field notes and other data are at the University of Lausanne. Today, these archives are the best existing source to study the temple, which was destroyed by ISIS (Islamic State in Syria) in 2015. Switzerland was not a colonial power, but, from a postcolonial perspective, it is interesting to study the dismantling process of the Byzantine structures as an assumption that the Roman-era Temple was more important. Based on a study of the historical archives, this article explores the question of whether this action can be seen as favoring a hegemonic narrative that the classical period supersedes all other periods represented by the site.
Russia in Palmyra: Contextualizing the Kremlin’s Postconflict Heritage Rehabilitation Efforts
Authors: Plets Gertjan F. J. , Munawar Nour Allah 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
This article analyses the reconstruction efforts of Russian heritage scholars and institutions in Palmyra, Syria. There is little doubt that the financial opportunities provided by the Kremlin for the reconstruction of the war-damaged World Heritage site can be analyzed as propaganda directed at foreign audiences. Drawing on ethnographic and historical research on world heritage politics, this article contextualizes reconstruction efforts as part of a Russian cultural diplomacy goal that promotes the need for a multipolar world. The article also draws attention to the limits of describing Russian heritage reconstruction efforts as foremost international propaganda. The argument is that reconstruction efforts by Russia are deeply connected to domestic and international politics, propagating the Kremlin’s grand narrative that portrays Putin as a leader of a global power that reclaims its status in the international arena. This signifies the increasing endeavors of states to utilize cultural assets for political and legitimation ends.
Preserving Palmyra’s Heritage through a Community-Led Initiative: Giving Voice to Palmyra’s People
Authors: Sabrine Isber , Awad Yousef , Ali Hasan , Rollo Ginerva 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Palmyra, renowned for its historical significance and cultural richness, fell victim to the ravages of conflict, leaving its architectural wonders in ruins and its community displaced. This article explores the transformative potential of community-led reconstruction in safeguarding Palmyra’s heritage. By intertwining tangible restoration with the revitalization of intangible traditions, this holistic approach seeks to empower the Palmyrene community, reignite cultural pride, and foster social cohesion. Drawing inspiration from successful models of community involvement in heritage restoration, such as Timbuktu in Mali and Al-Resafa in Syria, the article envisions a future where the Palmyrenes become active participants in the restoration of their city’s identity. Through capacity-building initiatives, awareness-raising programs, and inclusive decision-making processes, the Palmyrenes can reconstruct the intangible threads that connect them to their past. By placing the community at the forefront of preservation efforts, this article proposes a pathway toward healing, resilience, and the revival of Palmyra’s timeless legacy.
Some Reflections on Decolonizing Archaeology in a Fragmented World
Authors: Silberman Neil Asher 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
What has been achieved—or can realistically be achieved—by calls for the decolonization of archaeology? In the Middle East and the eastern Mediterranean, as elsewhere, discourse about the past is often closely entangled with concerns of the present, and the idea of decolonizing archaeological practice in this war–torn region has particular relevance to its intractable ethic and political cultural conflicts. By more deeply examining the ideological roots and possible political outcomes of decolonized archaeology, this contribution attempts to contextualize the increasingly prominent intellectual trend of archaeological activism within the broader field of postcolonial theory and explores its relationship to other forms of authorized heritage discourse. This Forum showcases an essay by Neil Silberman that explores new frontiers in decolonizing archaeology and four book reviews of Yannis Hamiliakis and Raphael Greenberg’s timely book entitled: Archaeology, Nation, and Race: Confronting the Past, Decolonizing the Future in Greece and Israel.