bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective and Prospective Analyses of the Treatment of Overanticoagulated Patients
Authors: Duong Thu‐Mai , Plowman Brian K. , Morreale Anthony P. , Janetzky Katherine 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare withholding warfarin therapy with low‐dose (2.5 mg) oral vitamin K therapy in excessively anticoagulated patients without bleeding complications.Design. Prospective and retrospective studies.Setting. Anticoagulation clinic at a Veterans Affairs institution.Patients. Twenty‐eight men were matched according to initial international normalized ratio (INR) and INR goal ranges.Interventions. The retrospective arm of the study consisted of chart reviews of overanticoagulated patients whose warfarin doses were held until therapeutic INR values were reached. The prospective arm included overanticoagulated patients who were administered a single 2.5‐mg dose of oral vitamin K.Measurements and Main Results. Mean days to therapeutic INR values were 2.3 ± 0.6 and 1.4 ± 0.6 (p=0.001), and mean reduction in INR 1 day after treatment intervention was 1.32 ± 0.79 and 3.46 ± 1.31 (p<001) U for the withholding and vitamin K groups, respectively.Conclusion. Compared with withholding the warfarin dose, administration of 2.5 mg of oral vitamin K to excessively anticoagulated patients receiving warfarin significantly reduced the time required to reach a therapeutic INR as well as final INR.
Cross‐Reactivity in HIV‐infected Patients Switched from Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole to Dapsone
Authors: Holtzer Christopher D. , Flaherty John F. , Coleman Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the cross‐reactivity of dapsone after a documented hypersensitivity reaction to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) during prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.Design. Retrospective, chart review, cohort study.Setting. Two university‐affiliated teaching hospitals.Patients. Sixty patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.Measurements and Main Results. Thirteen patients (21.7%) had cross‐reactivity to dapsone after the reaction to TMP‐SMX. No significant risk factors for this response were identified. Most reactions were of mild or moderate severity and rated as possibly or probably caused by one of the agents. Of the 13 patients, 4 (30.8%) continued therapy.Conclusions. Although cross‐reactivity can occur, dapsone may be considered in patients with mild hypersensitivity reactions to TMP‐SMX.
Clinical Efficacy of Amiodarone
Authors: Nolan Paul E. , Nappi Jean , Pollak P. Timothy 
Published: October 2023

Objectives. To review the clinical efficacy and role of amiodarone in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and its effects on mortality.Methods. Review of relevant studies and reports.Results. Amiodarone exerts significant effects on atrial tissue. In most studies it was completely or partly effective in preventing recurrences of atrial fibrillation or flutter in up to 80% of patients. Amiodarone may be superior to class Ia agents for maintaining normal sinus rhythm. Large randomized trials indicate that it is a potent suppressor of ventricular arrhythmia and reduces arrhythmic death after myocardial infarction. In patients with cardiomyopathy, it suppresses asymptomatic arrhythmias and increases left ventricular ejection fraction. Meta‐analysis of relevant studies indicated that amiodarone reduces the risk of arrhythmic and sudden death by 29% in high‐risk patients with recent myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. This translates into an overall 13% reduction in total mortality.Conclusion. Because of its effectiveness against a broad range of arrhythmias, amiodarone is a valuable addition to the antiarrhythmic pharmacopeia.
Hormonal Regulation of Spermatogenesis in the Hypophysectomized Rat: FSH Maintenance of Cellular Viability During Pubertal Spermatogenesis
Authors: RUSSELL LONNIE D. , KERSHAW MIKE , BORG KURT E. , SHENNAWY AHMED EL , RULLI SUSANA S. , GATES ROBERT J. , CALANDRA RICARDO S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: The potential for follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) to promote germ‐cell survival and the cellular sites of FSH action were studied using a gonadally maturing (pubertal), hypophysectomized (Hx) rat model in which residual testosterone (T) activity was blocked by injections of an androgen‐receptor antagonist, flutamide. Recombinant human FSH was given to androgen‐deprived and androgen‐blocked male rats at 27 days of age to determine maintenance of individual germ‐cell types at 35 days of age. Follicle‐stimulating hormone significantly increased testis weights and tubular diameters as compared with Hx and Hx‐flutamide controls, although testis weights in FSH‐treated animals were significantly lower than in pituitary‐intact animals. Morphometry assays to determine ratios of germ cells to Sertoli cells and to determine the number of germ cells present per hour of development showed that the population of type A spermatogonia in the early stages of the cycle was not responsive to FSH. Follicle‐stimulating hormone had a marked ability to maintain cell viability in the rapid, successive divisions that begin in the latter part of the cycle and that continue through the next cycle (i.e., from type A1 to A4 and from intermediate spermatogonia to type B spermatogonia to preleptotene spermatocytes to leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes to young pachytene spermatocytes). The data also suggest T responsiveness of these cell types since the Hx‐FSH‐flutamide group showed lower cell viability at the aforementioned steps when compared with the Hx‐FSH group. Too few cell types were present at subsequent phases of spermatogenesis to allow a sensitive determination of FSH activity in the maintenance of cell viability. The data show the potential of FSH in the absence or relative absence of T activity to maintain cell viability. These data support the concept of overlapping and synergistic (or additive) effects of T and FSH in the immature rat and identify the cellular sites of FSH action.
Sex‐ and Age Group‐Specific Fracture Incidence Rates Trends for Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nasser Mohamad I , Kvist Annika Vestergaard , Vestergaard Peter , Eastell Richard , Burden Andrea M , Frost Morten 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe incidence of major osteoporotic fractures has declined in men and women in Western countries over the last two decades. Although fracture risk is higher in persons with diabetes mellitus, trends of fractures remain unknown in men and women with diabetes. We investigated the trends in fracture incidence rates (IRs) in men and women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Denmark between 1997 and 2017. We identified men and women aged 18+ years who sustained a fracture (excluding skull and facial fractures) between 1997 and 2017 using the Danish National Patient Registry. We calculated sex‐specific IRs of fractures per 10,000 person‐years separately in persons with T1D, T2D, or without diabetes. Furthermore, we compared median IRs of the first 5 years (1997–2002) to the median IRs of the last 5 years (2012–2017). We identified 1,235,628 persons with fractures including 4863 (43.6% women) with T1D, 65,366 (57.5% women) with T2D, and 1,165,399 (54.1% women) without diabetes. The median IRs of fractures declined 20.2%, 19.9%, and 7.8% in men with T1D, T2D, and without diabetes, respectively (p‐trend <0.05). The median IRs decreased 6.4% in women with T1D (p‐trend = 0.35) and 25.6% in women with T2D (p‐trend <0.05) but increased 2.3% in women without diabetes (p‐trend = 0.08). Fracture IRs decreased in men with both diabetes types and only in women with T2D, highlighting the need for further attention behind the stable trend observed in women with T1D. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Recent studies on small molecular and polymeric hole‐transporting materials for high‐performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Velusamy Arulmozhi , Yau Shuehlin , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Ezhumalai Yamuna , Kumaresan Prabakaran , Chen Ming‐Chou 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA decade of significant research has led to the emergence of photovoltaic solar cells based on perovskites that have achieved an exceptionally high‐power conversion efficiency of 26.08%. A key breakthrough in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) occurred when solid hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) replaced liquid electrolytes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), because HTMs play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance as well as cell stability. This review is mainly focused on the HTMs that are responsible for hole transport and extraction in PSCs, which is one of the crucial components for efficient devices. Here, we have reviewed small molecular as well as polymeric HTMs that have been reported in the last two years and discussed their performance based on the analysis of their molecular architectures. Finally, we include a perspective on the molecular engineering of new functional HTMs for highly efficient stable PSCs.
Five‐Year Outcomes of Continuous Treatment with Zoledronic Acid Versus Denosumab in Older Men with High Fracture Risk: Risk Factor Analysis of Bone Density Improvement and Incidence of New Fracture
Authors: Wu Tong‐Che , Tsou Yun‐Jui , Wu Wen‐Tien , Lee Ru‐Ping , Wang Jen‐Hung , Yeh Kuang‐Ting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDenosumab and zoledronic acid are both effective and easily administrable injectable anti‐osteoporotic medications for postmenopausal women. This study investigated the treatment efficacy of these agents in older male patients with low a bone mass and history of fragility fracture. A cohort of 175 male patients receiving continuous zoledronic acid treatment and a cohort of 366 male patients receiving continuous denosumab treatment at our medical center between 2015 and 2020 were included, and we analyzed the efficacy of treatment by the improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) and the new‐onset low‐energy fracture rate after 5 years of continuous medication. BMD significantly improved after 5 years of medication, and >90% of patients were satisfied with their treatment medication. BMD improved more with denosumab than with zoledronic acid, especially in patients with T‐scores higher than −2.5. Smoking, alcohol abuse, diabetes, and inflammatory polyarthritis were associated with poor improvements in BMD. The incidence rate of new fragile fracture was 4.4% and old age was significantly associated with the incidence rate of new fracture. In summary, our study revealed that denosumab and zoledronic acid both significantly increased BMD among older male patients with high fragility fracture rates over a 5‐year follow‐up period. Early medical treatment and lifestyle adjustment were crucial for improving quality of life.
Remediation of emerging pollutants using biochar derived from aquatic biomass for sustainable waste and pollution management: a review
Authors: Verma Meenakshi , Singh Pooja , Dhanorkar Manikprabhu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Coronavirus disease pandemic over the last 3 years has diverted the attention of the global population from a self‐centred monitory growth to a holistic growth, with health and environment as the central focus. Pharmaceuticals and microplastics have emerged as some of the most prominent environmental contaminants in recent times. Although adsorption is recognized globally as a low‐cost and effective remediation process, the removal of a variety of pollutants from environmental niches still remains a challenge. This review highlights the use of valorized waste aquatic biomass as an adsorbent for the withdrawal of various emerging pollutants (pharmaceuticals, microplastics and heavy metals). Unwanted invasive aquatic plants can be used as a valuable resource for conversion into an ideal precursor and value product for the development of carbon‐based adsorbents that have numerous industrial and environmental applications. There lacks a comprehensive review and analysis on the use of biochar, derived from aquatic biomass, for the extraction of emerging pollutants, especially for microplastics. This distinctive, timely work will aid in the expansion of research on the production of biochar from a waste resource, strengthen their use as adsorbent and help combat the increasing pollution due to various emerging pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and microplastics. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Remote ischemic postconditioning alleviates cerebral ischemic injury through SERCA2/endoplasmic reticulum stress‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Chen Wanying , Li Mengmeng , Lei Xiangyu , Cheng Yawen , Wu Xiaoyu , Sun Xinyue , Wu Yixuan , Li Zhiheng , Luo Guogang , Wei Meng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRemote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) alleviates brain ischemic injury through several pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress modulation. Sarco endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase(SERCA2) which plays vital role in calcium homeostasis regulation could modulate ER stress logically. This study aimed to investigate whether RIPostC exerts its neuroprotective effect by reducing ER stress mediated by SERCA2. Male SD rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion, with the RIPostC group undergoing 3 cycles of bilateral femoral artery clamping and reperfusion at the beginning of reperfusion. Stroke outcome was assessed based on infarct volume and neurological function evaluation. Protein levels of SERCA2 and other ER stress markers were measured using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry techniques. Compared to the sham group, we observed that RIPostC can effectively reduce cerebral infarct volume after I/R (34.55%: 21.03%; p = .004) and improve neurological function deficit (9.67:12.5; p = .029). Additionally, RIPostC increased SERCA2 protein expression and decreased the protein level of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p‐eIF2α) and CCAAT/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expression was increased, while Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved‐caspase‐3 was decreased in response to application of RIPostC. Our results suggest that RIPostC improves the prognosis of tMCAO rats, possibly by inhibiting the ER stress mediated by SERCA2, facilitating apoptosis downregulation. The significance of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the protective mechanism of ischemic stroke by RIPostC.Research Highlights
Our results suggest that RIPostC improves the prognosis of tMCAO rats, possibly by inhibiting the ER stress mediated by SERCA2, facilitating apoptosis downregulation, thus achieving a neuroprotective effect.
Risk assessment of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection based on endoscopic intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Iizuka Chino , Sue Soichiro , Onodera Sho , Ikeda Aya , Ikeda Ryosuke , Goda Yoshihiro , Irie Kuniyasu , Kaneko Hiroaki , Maeda Shin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe incidence of metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) after endoscopic treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) is high, but a method of risk assessment for MGC based on endoscopic findings has not been established. In this study, we focused on endoscopic intestinal metaplasia (IM) and investigated the risk for MGC after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for EGC.MethodsThis retrospective observational study involved patients who underwent curative ESD for EGC from April 2015 to January 2021. We assessed endoscopic IM using the pretreatment endoscopic examination images. The severity of endoscopic IM was classified into four levels: 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), and 3 (severe). Four different gastric areas were evaluated. We divided the patients into a low‐score group and a high‐score group, and compared the cumulative incidence of MGC.ResultsIn total, 156 patients who met the inclusion criteria were followed up for at least 12 months after ESD, and MGC developed in 14 patients during a mean period oof 41.5 months. The endoscopic IM scores in the lesser curvature of the antrum, lesser curvature of the corpus, and greater curvature of the corpus were higher in patients with MGC than in those without MGC. In the corpus, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of MGC was significantly higher in the high‐score group than in the low‐score group (29.8% vs 10.0%, P = 0.004).ConclusionThe severity of endoscopic corpus IM was associated with MGC. Thus, patients with severe corpus IM at the time of ESD require careful examination and intensive follow‐up.
RAS mutation status in combination with the JSHBPS nomogram may be useful for preoperative identification of colorectal liver metastases with high risk of recurrence and mortality after hepatectomy
Authors: Takematsu Toru , Mima Kosuke , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Kitano Yuki , Nakagawa Shigeki , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Okabe Hirohisa , Imai Katsunori , Miyamoto Yuji , Baba Hideo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prognostic impact of RAS mutations on the Japanese Society of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgeons (JSHBPS) nomogram score in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) following hepatectomy.MethodsWe included 218 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM between 2004 and 2020. The JSHBPS nomogram score was calculated using six preoperative clinical factors. The score ranged from 0 to 25, and higher scores indicated greater tumor burden. Associations of RAS mutations with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) by the JSHBPS nomogram score were examined. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsRAS mutations were detected in 72 (33%) of the 218 patients. Multivariate analyses revealed that RAS mutations were independently associated with poor DFS (HR, 1.93; 95% CI: 1.20–3.10; p = .007) and OS (HR, 2.65; 95% CI: 1.59–4.71; p = .001) compared with wild‐type RAS with JSHBPS nomogram scores ≤ 10. However, in patients with scores ≥ 11, the association of RAS mutations with DFS or OS was not statistically significant (p > .08).ConclusionRAS mutation status in combination with the JSHBPS nomogram may be useful for preoperatively identifying CRLM with high risk of recurrence and mortality after hepatectomy.
Heterostructure performance evaluation: A numerical simulation and analytical modeling of the ferroelectric pocket doped double gate tunnel FET
Authors: Jeyanthi J. E. , Samuel T. S. Arun , Song Young Suh , Venkatesh M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel 2D analytical model for investigating the influence of the ferroelectric dielectric on the performance of pocket doped double gate tunnel FET. It takes into account the effect of the gate and drain voltages, the thickness of the gate insulator, the capacitance of the gate insulator, and source and drain depletions. The surface potential thus carefully obtained is utilized for calculating lateral electric field, drain current, gate‐to‐drain capacitance, and transconductance. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the result of our model with several device structures matches very well with the data obtained through the technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulation. In addition, it has also been shown that the proposed tunnel field‐effect transistors (TFET) structure, which incorporates the ferroelectric dielectric and SiGe/Si heterostructure, has the best ON current, ON/OFF ratio, transconductance, and cut‐off frequency (fT).
Effective adsorption of bisphenol A from water using cationic surfactant‐modified natural kaolin minerals
Authors: Wang Hefei , Wang Dong , Ren Wei , Tian Tian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe utilization of natural clay minerals for the adsorption of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) presents a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach. However, the hydrophilic nature of clay minerals' surface limits their efficacy in removing these hydrophobic pollutants. To overcome these limitations, this study employed two cationic surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), to modify kaolin minerals to enhance their capacity to adsorb a specific type of EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA), and its analogs. The experimental results validated that the surfactant‐modified kaolin exhibited remarkable efficiency in removing BPA from water. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of CPC‐K and CTAC‐K for BPA were determined to be 11.4 mg/g (pH = 2.0–8.0) and 13.4 mg/g (pH = 2.0–6.5), respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that the BPA adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic process, while isotherm analysis suggested that the BPA adsorption was better described by the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.993–0.998). The surfactant‐modified kaolin demonstrated a retention of over 70% of its initial adsorption capacity after five cycles of desorption and regeneration, further confirming its potential for recycling. Additionally, these modified adsorbents exhibited excellent compatibility in removing bisphenol analogs. These findings provide valuable insights into the practical application of surfactant‐modified clay minerals for the elimination of hydrophobic organic pollutants from water.
Effect of physical treatments on the functional and structural features of soluble dietary fiber from soybean dregs
Authors: Wang Heng , Wang Mengyu , Zeng Jie , Gao Haiyan , Zhang Keke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this research, the effects caused by ultrafine grinding (U), high‐temperature cooking (HTC), microwave (M) and combined treatment (U‐HTC, U‐M) were evaluated on the functional properties and structural characteristics of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) obtained from soybean dregs.RESULTSPhysical treatments could increase the extraction yield of SDF and improve the functional properties of SDF. The highest extraction yield (277.15 ± 5.87 g kg−1 based on the weight of soybean dregs) and purity (863.37 ± 5.15 g kg−1 based on the extract weight) of SDF was found in the sample by U‐M treatment. U‐HTC and U‐M combined treatments significantly improved the water solubility and oil holding capacity of SDF. U‐M treatment significantly increased the ability of SDF to adsorb cholesterol and perform cationic exchange; compared to the control, these abilities were increased by 138.46% and 10.38%, respectively. At pH 2.0, the nitrite ion adsorption capacity (NIAC) of SDF obtained by U‐M combined treatment was 184.55 μg g−1, which was significantly higher by 32.10% compared with that of the control. The results obtained by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the structure of SDF generated from soybean dregs became coarser and more porous, and the crystallinity decreased after physical treatments.CONCLUSIONCombined physical treatment is an effective way to improve the extracted yield and functional properties of SDF from soybean dregs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.