bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco-evolutionary dynamics in two-species mutualistic systems: one-sided population decline triggers joint interaction disinvestment
Authors: Weyerer Franz , Weinbach Avril , Zarfl Christiane , Allhoff Korinna T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interplay between ecological and evolutionary dynamics can create feedback that reinforces external disturbances and potentially threatens species’ coexistence. For example, plants might invest less into attracting insect pollinators (decreased flower or nectar production) and more into independence (increased selfing or vegetative reproduction) when faced with pollinator decline. This adaptive response saves plant resources at the cost of further threatening the pollinator population. We ask under which conditions such self-reinforcing feedback occurs in two-species mutualistic systems when considering one-sided population decline and whether it can be counteracted by self-dampening feedback if co-evolution of both interaction partners is considered. Based on a mathematical model and in line with previous studies, we find that the described pattern of accelerated population decline occurs for a wide range of parameter values if a concave allocation trade-off between independent growth and interaction investment is assumed. The undisturbed population typically disinvests first, which then forces the declining population to also disinvest, in favour of other energy sources. However, a decelerated population decline can occur if the adaptation of the undisturbed partner is relatively slow compared to environmental decay, reducing the speed of its disinvestment, or if the initial investment into the interaction was very high. Our results suggest that if actions are taken to save endangered populations, not only the evolution of the target species but also of their interaction partner, as well as the interaction between them should be considered.
The interrupted journey: factors and processes related to withdrawal, re-enrolment and dropout from doctoral education
Authors: Alves Patrícia , Lopes Amélia , Cruz-Correia Ricardo , Menezes Isabel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWithdrawal from doctoral education has been recognized as a problem with negative consequences for different actors, leading researchers worldwide to explore its underlying factors and processes. However, even if many PhD candidates who withdrew intend to re-enrol, there is a gap in the literature regarding the factors and processes related to re-enrolment. The aim of this qualitative study is to understand pre- and post-withdrawal experiences of PhD candidates and the factors and processes related to withdrawal, dropout and re-enrolment, through the voices of PhD candidates who withdrew and faculty in social and health sciences in a Portuguese university. Our findings conceptualize withdrawal as a behavioural manifestation of disengagement processes comprising interacting emotional/affective, cognitive, and behavioural dimensions, which start before withdrawal, extend beyond it, and may culminate in dropout or re-engagement and re-enrolment. Factors and processes related to withdrawal, dropout, or re-enrolment were situated in various nested contexts. This study highlights the need for an academic cultural change, to envisage withdrawal as a process that does not necessarily mark the end of PhD candidates’ incursion into doctoral education. It draws attention to the need to provide adequate working conditions for PhD candidates, and also to promote follow-up and communication with PhD candidates who withdrew.
Promising elastocaloric properties of sintered polycrystalline NiMnGa produced by open die pressing
Authors: Villa Francesca , Tamandi Michela , Passaretti Francesca , Bassani Enrico , Villa Elena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasing interest in the development of multicaloric materials for solid-state cooling applications is giving rise to the investigation of elastocaloric performance of ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FeSMA). Moreover, some sintering processes have been proposed to overcome the well-known brittleness of these alloys. In this context, a novel application of the open die pressing (ODP) method for the preparation of NiMnGa polycrystalline samples sets the chance to have interesting mechanical properties, until now never reported in literature. In this work, a tunable optimization of microstructure is presented and the elastocaloric properties are investigated by different mechanical approaches and direct measurement of adiabatic ΔT values. It is observed, for the first time, a polycrystalline NiMnGa alloy that exhibits an extremely stable mechanical and thermal response upon 200 adiabatic compression cycles. The best performance consisted in a ΔS peak of 35 J/(kg °C) and an adiabatic ΔT value of ± 4 °C in the first 10 cycles and + 3,75 / − 4 °C in stabilized conditions over 200 cycles.
Enhanced Delivery and Detection of Terahertz Frequency Radiation from a Quantum Cascade Laser Within Dilution Refrigerator
Authors: Vaughan M. , Michailow W. , Tan M. , Salih M. , Li L. , Beere H. , Ritchie D. A. , Linfield E. H. , Davies A. G. , Cunningham J. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report on significant enhancements to the integration of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCL) and THz detection with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) within a dilution refrigerator obtained by the inclusion of a multi-mesh 6 THz low-pass filter to block IR radiation, a Winston cone to focus light output, and gating the 2DEG for optimised sensitivity. We show that these improvements allow us to obtain a > 2.5 times reduced sample electron temperature (160 mK compared with 430 mK previously), during cyclotron resonance (CR) measurements of a 2DEG under QCL illumination. This opens up a route to performing sub-100 mK experiments using excitation by THz QCLs.
Time-Limited Balanced Truncation for Data Assimilation Problems
Authors: König Josie , Freitag Melina A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBalanced truncation is a well-established model order reduction method which has been applied to a variety of problems. Recently, a connection between linear Gaussian Bayesian inference problems and the system-theoretic concept of balanced truncation has been drawn (Qian et al in Sci Comput 91:29, 2022). Although this connection is new, the application of balanced truncation to data assimilation is not a novel idea: it has already been used in four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var). This paper discusses the application of balanced truncation to linear Gaussian Bayesian inference, and, in particular, the 4D-Var method, thereby strengthening the link between systems theory and data assimilation further. Similarities between both types of data assimilation problems enable a generalisation of the state-of-the-art approach to the use of arbitrary prior covariances as reachability Gramians. Furthermore, we propose an enhanced approach using time-limited balanced truncation that allows to balance Bayesian inference for unstable systems and in addition improves the numerical results for short observation periods.
Instance-based learning with prototype reduction for real-time proportional myocontrol: a randomized user study demonstrating accuracy-preserving data reduction for prosthetic embedded systems
Authors: Sziburis Tim , Nowak Markus , Brunelli Davide 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work presents the design, implementation and validation of learning techniques based on the kNN scheme for gesture detection in prosthetic control. To cope with high computational demands in instance-based prediction, methods of dataset reduction are evaluated considering real-time determinism to allow for the reliable integration into battery-powered portable devices. The influence of parameterization and varying proportionality schemes is analyzed, utilizing an eight-channel-sEMG armband. Besides offline cross-validation accuracy, success rates in real-time pilot experiments (online target achievement tests) are determined. Based on the assessment of specific dataset reduction techniques’ adequacy for embedded control applications regarding accuracy and timing behaviour, decision surface mapping (DSM) proves itself promising when applying kNN on the reduced set. A randomized, double-blind user study was conducted to evaluate the respective methods (kNN and kNN with DSM-reduction) against ridge regression (RR) and RR with random Fourier features (RR-RFF). The kNN-based methods performed significantly better ($$p < 0.0005$$

p
<
0.0005

) than the regression techniques. Between DSM-kNN and kNN, there was no statistically significant difference (significance level 0.05). This is remarkable in consideration of only one sample per class in the reduced set, thus yielding a reduction rate of over 99% while preserving success rate. The same behaviour could be confirmed in an extended user study. With $$k=1$$

k
=
1

, which turned out to be an excellent choice, the runtime complexity of both kNN (in every prediction step) as well as DSM-kNN (in the training phase) becomes linear concerning the number of original samples, favouring dependable wearable prosthesis applications.

Graphical abstract
Numerical Analysis of MHD Nanofluid Flow Characteristics with Heat and Mass Transfer over a Vertical Cone Subjected to Thermal Radiations and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Abbas W. , Ibrahim M. A. , Mokhtar O. , Megahed Ahmed M. , Said Ahmed A. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanoparticles have the ability to increase the impact of convective heat transfer in the boundary layer region. An investigation is made to analysis of magnetohdrodynamic nanofluid flow with heat and mass transfer over a vertical cone in porous media under the impact of thermal radiations and chemical reaction. In addition, thermal radiations, Hall current, and viscous and Joule dissipations and chemical reaction effects are considered. Considered three different nanoparticles types namely copper, silver, and titanium dioxide with water as base fluid. The governing equations are transformed by similarity transformations into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations involving variable coefficients. Two numerically approaches are used to solve the transformed boundary layer system Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Chebyshev-Galerkin Method (CGM). As stated in the present analysis, it is appropriate to address a number of physical mechanisms, including velocity, temperature and concentration, as well as closed-form skin friction/mass transfer/heat transfer coefficients. Different comparisons are done with previously published data in order to validate the current study under specific special circumstances, and it is determined that there is a very high degree of agreement. The main results indicated that as the Prandtl number increases, the temperature profile decreases, but it grows for higher values of the thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion, and Eckert number. Moreover, higher Brownian motion values lead to a less prominent concentration profile. Consequently, this speeds up the cooling process and enhances the surface’s durability and strength.
Burden of Episodic Migraine, Chronic Migraine, and Medication Overuse Headache in Alberta
Authors: McMullen Suzanne , Graves Erin , Ekwaru Paul , Pham Tram , Mayer Michelle , Ladouceur Marie-Pier , Hubert Martine , Bougie Joanna , Amoozegar Farnaz 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTObjective:To describe demographic and clinical characteristics, healthcare resource use, costs, and treatment patterns in three migraine cohorts.Methods:This retrospective observational study using administrative data examined patients with episodic migraine (EM), chronic migraine (CM) (without medication overuse headache [MOH]), and medication overuse headache in Alberta, Canada. Migraine patients were identified between 2012 and 2018 based on ≥ 1 diagnostic codes or triptan prescription. Patients with CM were defined using parameter estimates of a logistic regression model, and MOH was defined as patients with an average of ≥ 15 supply days covered of acute medications. EM was defined as patients without CM or MOH. Study outcomes were summarized using descriptive statistics.Results:Patients with EM (n = 144,574), CM (n = 27,283), and MOH (n = 11,485) were included. Higher rates of healthcare use and costs were observed for CM (mean [SD] all-cause cost: ($12,693 [40,664]) and MOH ($16,611.5 [$38,748]) versus episodic migraine ($4,251 [$40,637]). Across all cohorts, opioids were the most dispensed acute medication (range across cohorts: 31.7%–89.8%), while antidepressants and anticonvulsants were the most dispensed preventive medication. Preventative medication classes were used by a minority of patients in each cohort, except anticonvulsants, where 50% of medication overuse patients had a dispensation.Conclusions:Patients with CM and MOH have a greater burden of illness compared to patients with EM. The overutilization of acute medication, particularly opioids, and the underutilization of preventive medications highlight an unmet need to more effectively manage migraine.
Prevalence and Distribution of Lewy Pathology in a Homeless Population
Authors: Danics Krisztina , Visanji Naomi P. , Ichimata Shojiro , Mathur Sarika , Sára-Klausz Gabriella , Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:Background:The homeless population experience significant inequalities in health, and there is an increasing appreciation of the potential of lifestyle factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease. We performed a study on the prevalence and distribution of pathological alpha-synuclein deposition throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems in a homeless population.Methods:Forty-four homeless individuals consecutively available for autopsy were recruited. Immunohistochemistry was performed using 5G4 antibody recognizing disease-associated forms of alpha-synuclein, complemented by phospho-synuclein antibody on autopsy tissues collected from 18 regions of the brain and spinal cord, as well as the right and left olfactory bulb, the cauda equina, the extramedullary portion of the vagus nerve, and 27 sites of peripheral organs.Results:The study cohort consisted of 38 males and 6 females, median age 58 years (range 32–67). Lewy-related pathology was present in the brains of three male cases. One showed Braak stage 2 (60 years old), and two stage 4 (56 and 59 years old). One of the Braak stage 4 cases had Lewy-related pathology in the spinal cord, the cauda equina, and the extramedullary portion of the vagus nerve. Examination of 27 sites of peripheral organs found that all three cases with Lewy-related pathology present in the brain were devoid of peripheral organ alpha-synuclein pathology. Multiple system-type alpha-synuclein pathology was not found.Conclusion:Our study, representing a snapshot of the homeless population that came to autopsy, suggests that alpha-synuclein pathology is prevalent in the homeless supporting further study of this vulnerable population.
The Sendai Framework Eight Years On: Whither the “Science–Policy Interface”?
Authors: Lebowitz Adam Jon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This short commentary is a general analysis of the current state of the knowledge–policy relationship in the disaster field. This “science–policy interface” was described as fundamental in the 2015 UN Sendai Framework. However, midway to the 2030 deadline, there have been concerns from both the UN and academia about the lack of policy compared to research production. This suggests that barriers to this relationship may exist. To explain these, recent scholarship on factors influencing the general relationship between knowledge and policy is examined. Aspects of the “shape” of disaster research and its effect on policy creation are also examined, and a new direction is proposed. How the UN’s initial approach plausibly did not support this interface is also explained; however, more recent advocacy suggests that the organization has taken a new approach that may prove effective. Overall, a debate within the disaster field about its role in policy creation may be necessary.
Concentration of closed geodesics in the homology of modular curves
Authors: Nordentoft Asbjørn Christian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We prove that the homology classes of closed geodesics associated to subgroups of narrow class groups of real quadratic fields concentrate around the Eisenstein line. This fits into the framework of Duke’s Theorem and can be seen as a real quadratic analogue of results of Michel and Liu–Masri–Young on supersingular reduction of CM-elliptic curves. We also study the level aspect, as well as a homological version of the sup norm problem. Finally, we present applications to group theory and modular forms
Algebraic relations among Goss’s zeta values on elliptic curves
Authors: Green Nathan , Ngo Dac Tuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 2007 Chang and Yu determined all the algebraic relations among Goss’s zeta values for

$A=\mathbb F_q[\theta ]$

, also known as the Carlitz zeta values. Goss raised the problem of determining all algebraic relations among Goss’s zeta values at positive integers for a general base ring A, but very little is known. In this paper, we develop a general method, and we determine all algebraic relations among Goss’s zeta values for the base ring A which is the coordinate ring of an elliptic curve defined over

$\mathbb F_q$

. To our knowledge, this is the first work tackling Goss’s problem when the base ring has class number strictly greater than 1.
Une méthodologie de prospection et de gestion du site antique Gsar Chouline à Tataouine
Authors: Tebai Nadia 
Published: October 2023

RésuméCet article est une étude expérimentale menée sur le site archéologique de Gasr Chouline à Tataouine en utilisant la prospection archéologique et les systèmes d'informations géographiques (SIG) pour améliorer la gestion du site. Bien que cette étude n'ait pas prétendu à l'exhaustivité, elle a fourni de nouvelles données archéologiques par suite d'une prospection systématique.
Evaluative reactions to minority languages and their varieties: Evidence from new speakers of West Frisian
Authors: Kircher Ruth , Kutlu Ethan , Vellinga Mirjam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Little is known about the connection between individuals’ evaluative reactions to (i) minority languages as such, and (ii) specific varieties of these minority languages. This study investigates such evaluative reactions amongst new speakers of Frisian in the Netherlands (n = 264). A questionnaire was used to elicit participants’ attitudes towards the Frisian language and their evaluations of the specific variety of Frisian they were taught. The results reveal a significant correlation between participants’ status-related attitudes towards Frisian and their anonymity-related evaluations of the variety they were taught—as well as between participants’ solidarity-related attitudes towards Frisian and their authenticity-related evaluations of the variety they were taught. The former are close to neutral; the latter are mildly positive. The article discusses how these results not only advance our general understanding of language in society, but also facilitate the development of more comprehensive science communication to inform revitalisation strategies in minority contexts. (Language attitudes, language ideologies, minority languages, language planning, language revitalisation, language transmission, new speakers)*
Considerations for actuaries when advising on commutation rates
Authors: Hilsden Jonathan , Berriman Ben , Crocker Paul , Fish Judith , Forsyth Jon , Lindsay Kerry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper sets out the working party’s view that for a defined benefit pension scheme’s commutation rate the appropriate starting point should be to set it in line with the scheme’s cash equivalent transfer value basis. We recognise that there may be several reasons why an actuary in their advice may deviate from that starting point and we explore these in detail, giving our views on when deviation is and is not justified, noting that many common reasons used such as selection risk are often used without (in our view) adequate justification. We also cover frequency of review – our view is that commutation rates should be reviewed at least every 3 years and actuaries should consider performing a high-level review of commutation rates annually. We suggest that actuaries should consider proposing market-related commutation rates especially in periods of volatile market conditions. In terms of timing, there are good arguments to review commutation terms either following or during a valuation. Finally, we set out some considerations on how actuaries should present their advice, such as clearly setting out all the information required to take key decisions, following up with any actuarial certification in writing (if necessary) and illustrating the impact on members for changing commutation rates.
Burden and anticipatory grief in caregivers of family members with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Authors: Pérez-González Alba , Vilajoana-Celaya Josep , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the different factors that intervene in the task of caring for relatives of people with Alzheimer’s and other dementias. A first objective focused on assessing the relation between burden and anticipatory grief, considering the possibility of social support and the risk of psychopathology. A second objective aimed to examine whether caregiver burden modulates the relationships between anticipatory grief and psychopathology. A cross-sectional design was employed.MethodsThe sample consists of 129 participants who care for a family member with Alzheimer’s and other dementias. A protocol based on a battery of tests has been applied and a mediation analysis was carried out.ResultsThe results show a positive relationship between burden and anticipatory grief. Social support could have an indirect relationship with anticipatory grief, based on its effect on the level of psychopathology and caregiver burden. Finally, a modulation model reflects that the relationship between anticipatory grief and psychopathology is strong, the latter having a greater effect as a result variable than as a risk variable. However, it seems that the relationship between grief and psychopathology is better explained directly than not through the modulating effect of the caregiver burden.Significance of resultsThe results obtained encourage us to think that an approach focused on intervening in the anticipatory grief may be an opportunity to reduce or buffer other caregiving outcomes, especially those related to the perception of caregiver burden and psychopathology.