bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving 3D Object Detection with Context-Aware and Dimensional Interaction Attention
Authors: Zhou Jing , Gong Zixin , Zhang Junchi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, 3D object detection technology based on point clouds has developed rapidly. However, too few points of distant and occluded objects are scanned by the sensor, and thus these objects suffer from too insufficient features to be detected. This case damages the detection accuracy. Therefore, we constitute a novel 3D object detection with Context-aware and dimensional Interaction Attention Network (CIANet) to explore vital geometric cues for enriching the feature representation of the object, thus boosting the overall detection performance. Specifically, in the first stage, we employ the 3D sparse convolution to extract voxel features, and then construct a Channel-Spatial Hybrid Attention (CSHA) module and a Contextual Self-Attention (CSA) module to enhance voxel features for generating proposals. The CSHA module aims to enhance the key information of the channel and spatial domains of 2D Bird’s Eye View (BEV) features, and the CSA module is applied to supplement contextual information to the enhanced BEV features, thus generating accurate proposals. In the second stage, we construct a Dimensional Interaction Attention (DIA) module to refine Region of Interest (RoI) features within the proposals. It enhances the interactions among the channel and spatial dimensions of RoI features to learn accurate boundaries of objects for proposal refinement. Extensive experiments on the KITTI and Waymo benchmarks show the superior detection performance of CIANet compared to recent methods, especially for objects such as pedestrians and cyclists.
The Possibility of a Uniform Legal Language at the Interplay of Legal Discourse, Semiotics and Blockchain Networks
Authors: Blandino Pierangelo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the possibility of a standard legal language (e.g. English) for a principled evolution of law in line with technological development. In doing so, reference is made to blockchain networks and smart contracts to emphasise the discontinuity with the liberal legal tradition when it comes to decentralisation and binary code language. Methodologically, the argument is built on the underlying relation between law, semiotics and new forms of media adding to natural language; namely: code and symbols. In what follows, I will concentrate on the study of factors that explain why such approach can be fruitful for the future of law and innovation. I have three reasons for selecting this topic. The first is a more pragmatic reason, based on my current research of law as a linguistic phenomenon. Secondly, the topic does also touch the matter on binary code language, rivalrous to legal alphabetic language. Lastly, the study aims at emphasizing the pivotal role of the jurist as an interpreter in a changing society accommodating diverging realms of reality. The study is structured as follows. Firstly, a quick exam of the traits of blockchain networks would provide the contextual link to establish the arguments in support of the need of a standard legal language. Secondly, a comparison between liberal legal institutions and theory of semiotics is set to perceive their functioning and ascertain their limits in the light of todays unprecedented changes. Thirdly, a summary on blockchain networks’ legal features would constitute the thrust behind the idea of a uniform legal language. Methodologically, the argument does also establish some relations with classical laws of physics and philosophy of media. Its aim is to demonstrate how the suggested legal interpretation and semiotic-based approach can contribute to overcome existing stumbling blocks including, but not limited to, the lack of cooperation at the international level as well as the gap in State norms when it comes to innovation. In this sense, the proposed strategies do not intend to replace current advances in the legal thought. In contrast, it seeks to harmonise their results providing a methodical approach that can concur to inform a new technique to address new controversial issues. In practice, the proposed method regarding the adoption of a uniform legal language would lower transactive costs in terms of normative coordination in the matter of international cooperation and in the definition of applicable law among different legal systems. Alternatively, it might contribute to the convergence of legal systems and/or their underlying concepts. Differently put, article’s contribution can be envisaged in fostering juridical consistency with regards to different forms of languages’ coexistence.
The Instantaneous Response of the Geomagnetic Field, Near-Earth IMF, and Cosmic-Ray Intensity to Solar Flares
Authors: Takalo Jouni 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe show using superposed epoch analysis (SEA) that the most energetic protons ($>60\text{ MeV}$
>
60
MeV
) in the near-Earth interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) have a peak almost immediately (less than a day) after the peak in solar-flare index (SFI), while protons greater than 10 MeV peak one day after the SFI and protons greater than 1 MeV peak two days after the SFI.The geomagnetic indices AU, -AL, PC, Ap, and -Dst peak after two to three days in SEAs after the peak in SFI. The auroral electrojet indices AU and -AL, however, have only low peaks. In particular, the response of the eastward electrojet, AU, to SFI is negligible compared to other geomagnetic indices.The SEAs of the SFI and cosmic-ray counts (CR) show that the deepest decline in the CR intensity also follows with a 2 – 3-day lag the maximum of the SFI for Solar Cycles 20 – 24. The depths of the declines are related to the SFI strength of each cycle, i.e., the average decline is about 5% for Cycles 21 and 22, but only 3% for Cycle 24. The strongest Cycle 19, however, differs from the other cycles such that it has a double-peaked decline and lasts longer than the decline of the other cycles.The double-superposed epoch analyses show that the response of IMF Bv2, which is about two days, and CR to SFI are quite simultaneous, but sometimes Bv2 may peak somewhat earlier than the decline existing in CR.
The Myth of Interiority (Le Psychologue Malgré Lui)
Authors: Travis Charles 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNon-factive representing is what makes room for truth and falsehood. In the ontologically central aspect of the verb it comes in two forms: allorepresenting (saying-that), and autorepresenting (taking-that). Each form relates thinkers to thinkables in its proprietary way. Autorepresenting invites a certain sort of misunderstanding. It may seem to call for enabling in a particular determinate way. Just here psychologism despite oneself may strike. Allorepresenting rests on capacities of a different sort. It relates itself, and thereby its author, to a thinkable in what seems at first sight a manifestly different way than does autrorepresenting, one perhaps less likely to invite psychologism. In doing this it throws light on autorepresenting which, if rightly understood, I suggest, may undo the compulsion to psychologise this last. Armed with this tool I suggest a better picture of what autorepresenting is.
Virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance in staphylococci isolated from the skin of captive bred reptiles
Authors: Strompfová Viola , Štempelová Lucia , Bujňáková Dobroslava , Karahutová Lívia , Nagyová Mária , Siegfried Leonard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the composition and properties of skin microbiota in healthy reptiles is essential for preservation strategies and thus the prevention of skin dysbiosis leading to dermatological diseases. Despite the greatly increasing popularity of reptiles as pets, only a few studies have dealt with this topic. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyse species composition of bacteria isolated from skin swabs of 40 reptiles (17 species) using MALDI-TOF spectrometry and to characterise the virulence properties of identified staphylococci (n = 51). The most common species were Staphylococcus xylosus and S. sciuri. Bacilli, enterococci, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Acinetobacter sp. were also common. The most frequent antimicrobial resistance in staphylococcal isolates was observed for ampicillin (100.0%) and cefoxitin (98.0%) with the blaZ gene being most prevalent (58.8%). In contrast, all staphylococci were susceptible to gentamicin, kanamycin and imipenem. Slime and biofilm production was observed in 86.3% and 76.5% of isolates, respectively. Gelatinase, DNase, protease and lipase activity was found more rarely (41.2%; 25.5%; 27.5% and 21.6%). Since reptiles are a reservoir of bacteria for their owners, common multi-drug resistance (84.3%, MAR index average 0.29 ± 0.09) and biofilm formation must be kept in mind, especially in the case of injury when handling reptiles.
Switching Off Vascular MAPK Signaling: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Edvinsson Lars , Krause Diana N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPatients who initially survive the rupture and repair of a brain aneurysm often take a devastating turn for the worse some days later and die or suffer permanent neurologic deficits. This catastrophic sequela is attributed to a delayed phase of global cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but we lack effective treatment. Here we present our view, based on 20 years of research, that the initial drop in blood flow at the time of rupture triggers genomic responses throughout the brain vasculature that manifest days later as increased vasoconstriction and decreased cerebral blood flow. We propose a novel treatment strategy to prevent DCI by early inhibition of the vascular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that triggers expression of vasoconstrictor and inflammatory mediators. We summarize evidence from experimental SAH models showing early treatment with MAPK inhibitors “switches off” these detrimental responses, maintains flow, and improves neurological outcome. This promising therapy is currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
A note on Oishi’s lower bound for the smallest singular value of linearized Galerkin equations
Authors: Rump Siegfried M. , Oishi Shin’ichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently Oishi published a paper allowing lower bounds for the minimum singular value of coefficient matrices of linearized Galerkin equations, which in turn arise in the computation of periodic solutions of nonlinear delay differential equations with some smooth nonlinearity. The coefficient matrix of linearized Galerkin equations may be large, so the computation of a valid lower bound of the smallest singular value may be costly. Oishi’s method is based on the inverse of a small upper left principal submatrix, and subsequent computations use a Schur complement with small computational cost. In this note some assumptions are removed and the bounds improved. Furthermore a technique is derived to reduce the total computationally cost significantly allowing to treat infinite dimensional matrices.
Empowering Tomorrow’s Cancer Specialists: Evaluating the Co-creation and Impact of Malawi’s First Surgical Oncology Summerschool
Authors: van Egmond Remco , van Kesteren Jurre , Kaomba Lucy , Philipo Godfrey Sama , Borgstein Eric , Rinkes Inne Borel , Rijken Marcus , Kruijff Schelto , Stortelder Eva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnnually more than 1 million newly diagnosed cancer cases and 500,000 cancer-related deaths occur in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). By 2030, the cancer burden in Africa is expected to double accompanied by low survival rates. Surgery remains the primary treatment for solid tumours especially where other treatment modalities are lacking. However, in SSA, surgical residents lack sufficient training in cancer treatment. In 2022, Malawian and Dutch specialists co-designed a training course focusing on oncologic diseases and potential treatment options tailored to the Malawian context. The aim of this study was to describe the co-creation process of a surgical oncology education activity in a low resource setting, at the same time attempting to evaluate the effectiveness of this training program. The course design was guided and evaluated conform Kirkpatrick’s requirements for an effective training program. Pre-and post-course questionnaires were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness. Thirty-five surgical and gynaecological residents from Malawi participated in the course. Eighty-six percent of respondents (n = 24/28) were highly satisfied at the end of the course. After a 2-month follow-up, 84% (n = 16/19) frequently applied the newly acquired knowledge, and 74% (n = 14/19) reported to have changed their patient care. The course costs were approximately 119 EUR per attendee per day. This course generally received generally positively feedback, had high satisfaction rates, and enhanced knowledge and confidence in the surgical treatment of cancer. Its effectiveness should be further evaluated using the same co-creation model in different settings. Integrating oncology into the regular curriculum of surgical residents is recommended.
A case of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome of initially presented as cancer of unknown primary with lymph node metastases unveiled by genetic analysis
Authors: Yamada Juri , Fukuda Koji , Sugawara Tae , Makino Kenichi , Shimazu Kazuhiro , Yoshida Taichi , Taguchi Daiki , Shinozaki Hanae , Terada Yukihiro , Nanjo Hiroshi , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous disease concept involving various malignant tumors. Understanding its pathophysiology is often difficult, together with its treatment. Here, we present a case of CUP with abdominal lymph node enlargement and elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 levels. It initially resembled a favorable prognosis type similar to ovarian cancer, but metastases were observed in cervical lymph nodes, indicating a somewhat atypical CUP compared to the typical ovarian cancer-like CUP. We identified a germline Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) p.L63* variant through a family history inquiry and BRCA analysis, indicating hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. The patient achieved near-complete remission with platinum-based therapy followed by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. The variant has shown sensitivity in both clinical and pathogenic reports in the ClinVar database of the National Institutes of Health. No clinical studies reported on the efficacy of PARP inhibitors specific to this variant, but our case demonstrated the sensitivity of platinum-based therapy followed by PARP inhibitor. Reports of CUP in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome are very rare, with only a single report in the literature.
Influenza Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Methods to Improve Immunogenicity and Future Directions
Authors: Peak Erica , MD  , Thomas Lora , MD  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review the recent literature surrounding immune responses to influenza vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, in addition to reviewing future directions for novel vaccine technologies to help improve immunogenicity in this vulnerable population.

Recent Findings
While organ transplantation remains a lifesaving treatment for those with organ failure, infections account for many complications in the post-transplant period. Influenza virus is the most common vaccine-preventable illness, but organ transplant recipients often mount an inferior immune response to vaccination compared to the general population. Due to their impaired immune responses to vaccinations, various studies have examined utilizing different strategies to increase immunogenicity to influenza vaccines in this patient population, including the use of booster doses, high-dose vaccines, and vaccines with adjuvants. Trials with high-dose influenza vaccines and booster doses have shown increased immunogenicity when compared to single standard-dose influenza vaccine. Although these strategies may improve immune responses to influenza vaccines to variable degrees, it is still unknown what the optimal method to provide protection against influenza infection in SOT recipients is. While more studies need to be conducted in the SOT population, there is promising new influenza vaccine technology development with mRNA vaccines, universal influenza vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies.

Summary
As SOT recipients exhibit reduced immunity to vaccines, efforts to increase immunogenicity to influenza vaccine in the transplant population have focused on adjuvanted vaccines, booster doses, and high-dose vaccines. Future directions in this field include mRNA influenza vaccines, universal influenza vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies, but there is no definitive timeline for these products to become available at this time. The authors of this study favor a high-dose influenza vaccination approach for organ transplant recipients, due to ease of administration and demonstrated favorable safety profile.
Implementation and Evaluation of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Within Non‐Urban Environments in the Community Land Model Version 5
Authors: Buzan Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlobal heat stress is a phenomenon that impacts the livelihood of humans worldwide. Due to climate change, heatwaves are already increasing negatively impact outdoor laborers and activities. However, calculating heat stress on a global scale is disparaged due to the interplay and treatment of temperature, humidity, and radiation. To help resolve this issue, the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), a standardized heat stress metric, is implemented into the Community Land Model (CLM5), the land surface component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2). This resolves a long lasting, complex issue within global heat stress: the treatment of solar and thermal radiation. A default configuration of CLM5 is executed and shows the advantages of simulating the WBGT within multiple environments. Additionally, two commonly used WBGT approximations are implemented for solar exposed (sWBGT) and shaded (FiWBGT) conditions. The 1995 Chicago Heatwave is examined as a case study, focusing on the rural regions impacted by the heatwave. Derivative functions of labor capacity show that assumptions about calculating a non‐linear algorithm generate non‐negligible biases that can grossly over or underestimate the impact of heat stress on future climate change projections. For example, a difference of 0.5°C from WBGT can result in >10% change in labor capacity. Using a conservative difference of ±0.3°C, 100% of land surface extreme sWBGT values and >77% extreme shaded conditions (FiWBGT) differ from WBGT. Therefore, to accurately assess the direct exposure, risk, and damage from climate change on people, it is critical to implement diagnostics directly into Earth system models.
Individual variations in motives for nicotine self-administration in male rats: evidence in support for a precision psychopharmacology
Authors: Garcia-Rivas Vernon , Fiancette Jean-François , Tostain Jessica , de Maio Giulia , Ceau Matias , Wiart Jean-François , Gaulier Jean-Michel , Deroche-Gamonet Véronique 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe significant heterogeneity in smoking behavior among smokers, coupled with the inconsistent efficacy of approved smoking cessation therapies, supports the presence of individual variations in the mechanisms underlying smoking. This emphasizes the need to shift from standardized to personalized smoking cessation therapies. However, informed precision medicine demands precision fundamental research. Tobacco smoking is influenced and sustained by diverse psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and environmental stimuli. In the classical experimental rodent model for studying tobacco dependence, namely intravenous self-administration of nicotine, seeking behavior is reinforced by the combined delivery of nicotine and a discrete cue (nicotine+cue). Whether self-administration behavior is driven by the same psychopharmacological mechanisms across individual rats remains unknown and unexplored. To address this, we employed behavioral pharmacology and unbiased cluster analysis to investigate individual differences in the mechanisms supporting classical intravenous nicotine self-administration (0.04 mg/kg/infusion) in male outbred Sprague–Dawley rats. Our analysis identified two clusters: one subset of rats sought nicotine primarily for its reinforcing effects, while the second subset sought nicotine to enhance the reinforcing effects of the discrete cue. Varenicline (1 mg/kg i.p.) reduced seeking behavior in the former group, whereas it tended to increase in the latter group. Crucially, despite this fundamental qualitative difference revealed by behavioral manipulation, the two clusters exhibited quantitatively identical nicotine+cue self-administration behavior. The traditional application of rodent models to study the reinforcing and addictive effects of nicotine may mask individual variability in the underlying motivational mechanisms. Accounting for this variability could significantly enhance the predictive validity of translational research.
Pramipexole restores behavioral inhibition in highly impulsive rats through a paradoxical modulation of frontostriatal networks
Authors: Magnard Robin , Fouyssac Maxime , Vachez Yvan M. , Cheng Yifeng , Dufourd Thibault , Carcenac Carole , Boulet Sabrina , Janak Patricia H. , Savasta Marc , Belin David , Carnicella Sebastien 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImpulse control disorders (ICDs), a wide spectrum of maladaptive behaviors which includes pathological gambling, hypersexuality and compulsive buying, have been recently suggested to be triggered or aggravated by treatments with dopamine D2/3 receptor agonists, such as pramipexole (PPX). Despite evidence showing that impulsivity is associated with functional alterations in corticostriatal networks, the neural basis of the exacerbation of impulsivity by PPX has not been elucidated. Here we used a hotspot analysis to assess the functional recruitment of several corticostriatal structures by PPX in male rats identified as highly (HI), moderately impulsive (MI) or with low levels of impulsivity (LI) in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). PPX dramatically reduced impulsivity in HI rats. Assessment of the expression pattern of the two immediate early genes C-fos and Zif268 by in situ hybridization subsequently revealed that PPX resulted in a decrease in Zif268 mRNA levels in different striatal regions of both LI and HI rats accompanied by a high impulsivity specific reduction of Zif268 mRNA levels in prelimbic and cingulate cortices. PPX also decreased C-fos mRNA levels in all striatal regions of LI rats, but only in the dorsolateral striatum and nucleus accumbens core (NAc Core) of HI rats. Structural equation modeling further suggested that the anti-impulsive effect of PPX was mainly attributable to the specific downregulation of Zif268 mRNA in the NAc Core. Altogether, our results show that PPX restores impulse control in highly impulsive rats by modulation of limbic frontostriatal circuits.