bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index of children from the United Kingdom diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders
Authors: Whiteley Paul , Dodou Kalliopi , Todd Lynda , Shattock Paul 
Published: October 2004

Abstract

Background
: The aim of the present study was to ascertain the Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg m–2) derived from parental reports of height (metres) and weight (kilograms) of a pilot sample of boys born and resident in the UK diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).
Method
: Analysis of parental reporting of height and weight measurements in boys (n = 50) diagnosed with PDD and comparison with age and sex‐matched reference populations.
Results
: The majority of patients were above the 50th percentile for height (70%), weight (74%) and BMI (80%) with 21% exceeding cut‐off points for overweight and 10% for clinical obesity. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) found between PDD subgroups for any of the measures.
Conclusion
: Further studies are required to validate findings of skewed height, weight and BMI data in PDD.
Height‐specific body mass index reference curves for Japanese children and adolescents 5−17 years of age
Authors: Tokumura Mitsuaki , Nanri Seiichiro , Kimura Keiko , Tanaka Tetsuya , Fujita Hisayo 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
: Body mass index (BMI) reference values in consideration of height variation have not previously been reported. This study established height‐specific BMI reference curves for Japanese children and adolescents aged from 5 to 17 years.
Methods
: The 2001 nationwide survey data were utilized for the study. First, the range of variation in BMI corresponding to height (mean ± 2SD) at each age was compared with the range of variation in BMI corresponding to age (from minimum to maximum) at every cm height. Second, various age groups were combined, and percentile values of BMI (3rd, 5th, 15th, 50th, 85th, 95th, and 97th) were calculated for every cm height, regardless of age, and height‐specific BMI reference values (males 100−179 cm, females 100−169 cm) were prepared.
Results
: Variation in BMI due to variation in height at each age was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than variation in BMI due to age at every cm height [males, 12.7 ± 0.4 vs 9.2 ± 0.4; females, 11.7 ± 0.8 vs 8.8 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE)].
Conclusion
: Although the use of standard values established in consideration of age and height is desirable for BMI‐based guidelines for determining childhood overweight and obesity, to simplify the procedure for practical use, it is necessary to establish standard values by height, not by age. Height‐specific BMI reference curves are useful for BMI‐based evaluation of childhood overweight and obesity in the school health service and follow‐up of obese children until adulthood.
Sulthiame in childhood epilepsy
Authors: Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Watemberg Nathan , Lerman Pinchas , Barash Itshak , Brand Nathan , Lerman‐Sagie Tally 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
: Sulthiame is a central carbonic anhydrase inhibitor found to be effective for both partial and generalized seizures. It has been in use in some European countries and in Israel for over 30 years. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sulthiame in childhood epilepsy by conducting a multicenter, retrospective study of patients who received this drug.
Methods
: The charts of 125 consecutive epilepsy patients treated with sulthiame as monotherapy or add‐on therapy were reviewed.
Results
: Twenty‐nine out of 39 patients with benign focal epilepsy of childhood became seizure‐free. Total seizure control was also achieved in 17 of 42 patients with symptomatic, non‐refractory localization‐related epilepsy, and in all 10 cases with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Complete normalization of the EEG occurred in 13 of 20 patients with benign partial epilepy of childhood. Side‐effects were minimal and caused discontinuation of treatment in only seven children.
Conclusion
: The high tolerability, efficacy, convenience of use and low cost suggest that sulthiame should become a first line drug in the benign partial epilepsies of childhood and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. It also has a role as add‐on treatment in other partial and myoclonic epilepsies.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in children in the South‐east of Turkey
Authors: Eren Sevval , Gurkan Fuat , Balci Akin E. , Ulku Refik , Onat Serdar , Eren M. Nesimi 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the etiological factors, symptomatology, management and outcome of spontaneous pneumothorax in children aged <15 years.
Methods
: The authors’ reviewed the records of 44 children with spontaneous pneumothorax between January 1990 and February 2002.
Results
: The median age was 4.6 years (range 2 months–14 years), and 51% were male. Breathlessness and coughing were the most common symptoms. All pneumothoraces were initially managed by closed tube drainage. Thirty‐seven (84%) of the children responded well and were cured of pneumothorax with closed tube thoracostomy alone. Seven children (16%) underwent thoracotomy. The median hospital stay was 12.9 days. There were two deaths from respiratory failure. Six‐ to 96‐month follow‐up information was available for 32 patients, and only one recurrence was found.
Conclusions
: Lung infections were the most frequently observed underlying pathology in the patients studied. Closed tube thoracostomy alone was sufficient for the majority of patients.
Glomerular dysfunction, independent of tubular dysfunction, induced by antineoplastic chemotherapy in children
Authors: Ikarashi Yukie , Kakihara Toshio , Imai Chihaya , Tanaka Atsushi , Watanabe Akihiro , Uchiyama Makoto 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
: For the purpose of studying renal side‐effects induced by antineoplastic agents, the authors examined glomerular injury as well as tubular injury of patients with chemotherapy.
Methods
: Thirteen patients underwent a combined total of 64 courses of chemotherapy. Urinary albumin, β2‐microglobulin (β2‐MG), N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase (NAG) and urinary protein were measured before and serially after chemotherapy.
Results
: The values of albumin/creatinine (albumin/cre) ratio and β2‐MG/creatinine (β2‐MG/cre) ratio after chemotherapy were higher than those before chemotherapy (P < 0.01). NAG/creatinine (NAG/cre) ratio and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were not different. These were also examined before the next course of chemotherapy and were compared with those of control children. Albumin/cre ratio was significantly different (P < 0.01). β2‐MG/cre ratio and NAG/cre were not different. Furthermore, in patients with normal β2‐MG/cre, the albumin/cre ratio was significantly higher than in control children.
Conclusions
: These results indicate that antineoplastic agents can not only induce tubular dysfunction but also glomerular dysfunction, which is persistent and independent of tubular dysfunction.
Screening for G71R mutation of the UGT1A1 gene in the Javanese‐Indonesian and Malay‐Malaysian populations
Authors: Sutomo Retno , Talib Norlelawati A. , Yusoff Narazah M. , Van Rostenberghe Hans , Sadewa Ahmad H. , Sunarti  , Sofro Abdul S.M. , Yokoyama Naoki , Lee Myeong J. , Matsuo Masafumi , Nishio Hisahide 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
: There are significant differences in the prevalence and severity of neonatal jaundice among various populations. Recently, it has been reported that a mutation of the UGT1A1 gene, glycine to arginine at codon 71 (G71R), is related to the development of neonatal jaundice in East Asian populations. However, whether the G71R mutation contributes to the high incidence of neonatal jaundice in different Asian populations remains unknown. The authors screened for this mutation in the Javanese‐Indonesian and Malay‐Malaysian populations.
Methods
: One hundred and thirty‐six subjects were enrolled in this study: 68 Javanese‐Indonesian adults and 68 Malay‐Malaysian newborns (32 with jaundice and 36 without jaundice). Denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was used to screen for the G71R mutation, and the results were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing analysis.
Results
: With DHPLC, the authors easily and clearly detected seven subjects carrying the G71R mutation: two Javanese‐Indonesian adults and five Malay‐Malaysian newborns. In the 68 Javanese‐Indonesian adults, the genotype distribution for G71R mutation was 66 G/G, two G/R and no R/R genotypes, and the mutated allele frequency was 0.015. In the 68 Malay‐Malaysian newborns, genotype distribution for the mutation was 63 G/G, five G/R and no R/R genotypes, and the mutated allele frequency was 0.037. The genotype distributions did not differ significantly between the newborns with jaundice and those without jaundice.
Conclusion
: The G71R mutation is present, but very rare, in Javanese‐Indonesians and Malay‐Malaysians. Thus, G71R mutation may not contribute to the high incidence of the neonatal jaundice in South‐east Asian populations. DHPLC analysis is a very useful method for detecting the G71R mutation.
Maturation of fetal responses to music
Authors: Kisilevsky B.S. , Hains S.M.J. , Jacquet A.‐Y. , Granier‐Deferre C. , Lecanuet J.P. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract Maturation of fetal response to music was characterized over the last trimester of pregnancy using a 5‐minute piano recording of Brahms’ Lullaby, played at an average of 95, 100, 105 or 110 dB (A). Within 30 seconds of the onset of the music, the youngest fetuses (28–32 weeks GA) showed a heart rate increase limited to the two highest dB levels; over gestation, the threshold level decreased and a response shift from acceleration to deceleration was observed for the lower dB levels, indicating attention to the stimulus. Over 5 minutes of music, fetuses older than 33 weeks GA showed a sustained increase in heart rate; body movement changes occurred at 35 weeks GA. These findings suggest a change in processing of complex sounds at around 33 weeks GA, with responding limited to the acoustic properties of the signal in younger fetuses but attention playing a role in older fetuses.
Father absence, menarche and interest in infants among adolescent girls
Authors: Maestripieri Dario , Roney James R. , DeBias Nicole , Durante Kristina M. , Spaepen Geertrui M. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract In this study we examined the relationship between menarche and interest in infants among adolescent girls, and the effects of early environment, particularly of father absence from home, on both variables. Eighty‐three girls ranging in age from between 11 and 14 years served as study participants. Interest in infants was assessed through their preferences for photos and silhouettes of animal and human faces of infants versus adults. Information on menarche and the early family environment was obtained with questionnaires and interviews. Variation in menarcheal status or timing of menarche was associated with some differences in interest in infants. There was little or no evidence, however, that suggested a direct causal relationship between these variables. Instead, both menarche and interest in infants were independently associated with early father absence from home such that father‐absent girls exhibited earlier menarche and greater attraction to infant visual stimuli than father‐present girls. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that father absence is associated with a developmental trajectory characterized by earlier readiness for reproduction and parenting.
Learning during the newborn's first meal: special resistance to retroactive interference
Authors: Cheslock Sarah J. Ferdinand , Sanders Sarah K. , Spear Norman E. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract At their first postnatal meal, 3‐hour‐old rats learned an association between an odor and a sweet or bitter taste. Retention after a long interval or after associative interference was compared to that of 1‐day‐old rats. Despite equivalent and negligible effect of the long retention interval, contrary to infantile amnesia, newborns differed strikingly from 1‐day‐olds in susceptibility to associative interference. When lemon odor predicted saccharin in the first episode but quinine in the second, 1‐day‐olds had strong retroactive interference, but the newborn's first memory was unaffected by the second. The results were identical when the first memory was a lemon‐quinine association and the second a lemon‐saccharin association. It is uncertain whether this special robustness of memories associated with the first postnatal meal is best understood in terms of cognitive primacy or neurochemical and physiological consequences of the birth process.
Fluid evolution along multistage composite fault systems at the southern margin of the Lower Palaeozoic Anglo‐Brabant fold belt, Belgium
Authors: Dewaele S. , Muchez Ph. , Banks D. A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMineralised vein systems have been investigated at nine localities at the southern margin of the Anglo‐Brabant fold belt in Belgium. During the late Silurian to early Middle Devonian Caledonian orogeny, shear zones formed, inferred to be associated with granitoid basement blocks in the subsurface. The circulation of a metamorphic fluid, possibly originating in the Cambrian core of the fold belt, along these shear zones resulted in the formation of mesozonal orogenic mineralisation at the southern margin of the Anglo‐Brabant fold belt. The fluid had a composition dominated by H2O–CO2–X–NaCl–KCl. The shear zones form part of a greater fault zone, the Nieuwpoort–Asquempont fault zone, which is characterised by normal faulting that started before the Givetian and by the reactivation of the shear zones. Two fluid generations are associated with this normal faulting. First, a low salinity H2O–NaCl(–KCl) fluid migrated through the Palaeozoic rocks after the Silurian. Based on the isotopic composition, this fluid could be a late‐metamorphic Caledonian fluid or a younger fluid that originated from the Rhenohercynian basin and interacted with Lower Devonian rocks along its migration path. Second, a high salinity H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 fluid was identified in the fault systems. Similar fluids have been found in southern and eastern Belgium, where they produced Mississippi Valley‐type Zn–Pb deposits. These fluids are interpreted as evaporative brines that infiltrated the Lower Palaeozoic basement, from where they were expelled during extensional tectonism in the Mesozoic.
Ki‐67, Bcl‐2 and p53 expression in endometrial polyps and in the normal endometrium during the menstrual cycle
Authors: Maia Hugo , Maltez Amélia , Studart Eduardo , Athayde Célia , Coutinho Elsimar M. 
Published: October 2004

Objective  To determine the presence of proteins related to proliferation (Ki‐67) and apoptosis (Bcl‐2, p53) in endometrial polyps and normal endometrium during the menstrual cycle.Design  Retrospective study using paraffin embedded tissue.Setting  Hospital affiliated to the university.Population  Premenopausal patients with endometrial polyps.Methods  Seventy‐eight premenopausal patients in different phases of the menstrual cycle were submitted to polypectomy using the Bettocchi hysteroscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of these proteins in endometrial polyps. One hundred and eighteen normal endometrial biopsies were used as controls.Main outcome measures  Detection of Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 expression by immunohistochemistry.Results  In endometrial polyps, Ki‐67, p53 and Bcl‐2 expression was detected with more frequency during the proliferative than during the luteal phase of the cycle. Similar findings were observed in the normal endometrium.Conclusion  Endometrial polyps undergo cyclic changes in the expression of their proteins related to proliferation and apoptosis during the menstrual cycle, similar to those of the cycling endometrium.
The conservative management of interstitial pregnancy
Authors: Jermy Karen , Thomas James , Doo Alex , Bourne Tom 
Published: October 2004

Objectives  To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic methotrexate in the treatment of interstitial pregnancy.Design  Prospective observational study.Setting  An Early Pregnancy Assessment Unit in a London Teaching Hospital.Sample  Twenty consecutive women diagnosed with an interstitial pregnancy.Methods  Women were diagnosed with an interstitial pregnancy based on transvaginal ultrasound findings. Single dose, intramuscular methotrexate was administered on day 0. A second dose of methotrexate was given if the β‐hCG levels had not fallen by 15% between days four and seven. Weekly follow up continued until the serum β‐hCG < 5 IU.Main outcome measure  The resolution of serum β‐hCG levels without the need for surgical intervention.Results  Two hundred and ninety‐three ectopic gestations were diagnosed over a 42‐month period. Twenty of these were interstitial in nature, with a median initial serum β‐hCG of 6452 IU. Of the 20 interstitial pregnancies, 17 cases received systemic methotrexate. Sixteen were treated successfully (94%), including all of the four cases with fetal heart activity present. A second methotrexate dose was given to six patients. Two cases were managed expectantly. Two cases underwent laparotomy and cornual resection: one elected for surgical management at the outset and one as a result of suspected ectopic rupture after two doses of methotrexate. There were no other complications.Conclusions  Systemic methotrexate is a safe and highly effective treatment for interstitial pregnancy. Surgery can be avoided in the majority of women with this condition. Early recognition of the cornual pregnancy with transvaginal ultrasound is essential.
Functional importance of the C‐terminus of the human norepinephrine transporter
Authors: Distelmaier Felix , Wiedemann Philipp , Brüss Michael , Bönisch Heinz 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThree C‐terminal variants of the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) are known: the wild‐type hNET in which exon 14 encodes the last seven amino acids and two variants with either three or 18 amino acids encoded by an alternatively spliced exon 15. In transfected HEK293 cells we compared by means of [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) uptake and [3H]nisoxetine ([3H]NIS) binding the functional properties of the wild‐type hNET with those of the more abundant long splice variant containing exon 15 (hNET‐Ex15L) and of two artificial hNET mutants lacking either the last three (hNET‐Ex14–4) or all seven (hNET‐Ex14–0) C‐terminal amino acids of exon 14. No differences among the NET isoforms were observed concerning the Km for uptake of NE and the KD for binding of NIS. However, compared with the wild‐type hNET, the three isoforms (hNET‐Ex15L, hNET‐Ex14–4 and hNET‐Ex14–0) showed a pronounced decrease in Vmax of [3H]NE uptake and Bmax of [3H]NIS binding which correlated with strongly reduced surface expression of the transporter isoforms. The decrease in surface expression of the hNET isoforms is probably a consequence of the lack of the three amino acids leucine, alanine and isoleucine at the C‐terminal end which may represent a motif facilitating cell surface expression of the hNET. Expression of hNET‐Ex15L exerted a dominant negative effect on plasma membrane expression of the wild‐type hNET and thus may represent a novel mechanism for regulation of noradrenergic neurotransmission.
A modified β‐amyloid hypothesis: intraneuronal accumulation of the β‐amyloid peptide – the first step of a fatal cascade
Authors: Wirths Oliver , Multhaup Gerd , Bayer Thomas A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAccumulating evidence points to an important role of intraneuronal Aβ as a trigger of the pathological cascade of events leading to neurodegeneration and eventually to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with its typical clinical symptoms, like memory impairment and change in personality. In the present article, we review recent findings on intracellular monomeric and oligomeric β‐amyloid (Aβ) generation and its pathological function in cell culture, transgenic AD mouse models and post mortem brain tissue of AD and Down syndrome patients, as well as its interaction with oxidative stress and its relevance in apoptotic cell death. Based on these results, a modified Aβ hypothesis is formulated, that integrates biochemical, neuropathological and genetic observations with AD‐typical neuron loss and plaque formation.
P311 accelerates nerve regeneration of the axotomized facial nerve
Authors: Fujitani Masashi , Yamagishi Satoru , Che Yong Ho , Hata Katsuhiko , Kubo Tateki , Ino Hidetoshi , Tohyama Masaya , Yamashita Toshihide 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn axotomized adult neurons, a process of axonal regrowth and re‐establishment of the neuronal function has to be activated. Developmentally regulated factors may be reactivated during neuronal regeneration. Here we identify a gene, previously designated P311, that is up‐regulated in the axotomized facial motoneurons. Ectopically expressed P311 localizes in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Over‐expression of P311 induces p21WAF1/Cip1 expression, leading PC12 cells to differentiate and to have neuron‐like morphologies. Adenovirus‐mediated P311 gene transfer promotes neurite outgrowth of postnatal dorsal root ganglion neurons and embryonic hippocampal neurons in vitro. This effect is abolished by the activation of Rho kinase. P311 also facilitates nerve regeneration following facial nerve injury in vivo. Our data provide evidence that genes involved in the differentiation process contribute to the regeneration of injured mature neurons, and may provide a practical molecular target.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Alzheimer's disease: old and new mechanisms of action
Authors: Gasparini Laura , Ongini Ennio , Wenk Gary 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral deposits of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) which are surrounded by inflammatory cells. Epidemiological studies have shown that prolonged use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces the risk of developing AD and delays the onset of the disease. It has been postulated that some NSAIDs target pathological hallmarks of AD by interacting with several pathways, including the inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) and activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ. A variety of experimental studies indicate that a subset of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin and sulindac also possess Aβ‐lowering properties in both AD transgenic mice and cell cultures of peripheral, glial and neuronal origin. While COX inhibition occurs at low concentrations in vitro (nM‐low μm range), the Aβ‐lowering activity is observed at high concentrations (≤ 50 μm). Nonetheless, studies with flurbiprofen or ibuprofen in AD transgenic mice show that the effects on Aβ levels or deposition are attained at plasma levels similar to those achieved in humans at therapeutic dosage. Still, it remains to be assessed whether adequate concentrations are reached in the brain. This is a crucial aspect that will allow defining the dose‐window and the length of treatment in future clinical trials. Here, we will discuss how the combination of anti‐amyloidogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities of certain NSAIDs may produce a profile potentially relevant to their clinical use as disease‐modifying agents for the treatment of AD.