bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Efficiency of Polariton OLEDs in and Beyond the Single‐Excitation Subspace
Authors: Siltanen Olli , Luoma Kimmo , Musser Andrew J. , Daskalakis Konstantinos S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have redefined lighting with their environment‐friendliness and flexibility. However, only 25% of the electronic states of organic molecules can emit light upon electrical excitation, limiting the overall efficiency of OLEDs. Strong light–matter coupling, achieved by confining light within OLEDs using mirrors, creates hybrid light‐matter states known as polaritons, which could “activate” the remaining 75% electronic triplet states. Here, triplet‐to‐polariton transition is studied and rates for both reverse inter‐system crossing and triplet‐triplet annihilation are derived. In addition, how the harmful singlet‐singlet annihilation could be reduced with strong coupling is explored.
Auxin injury on cotton, II: Effects on yield components
Authors: Denton Savana , Raper Tyson , Dodds Darrin , Main Chris , Mueller Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAuxin‐tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) cultivars are the latest tools producers use to combat herbicide‐resistant weed species during the growing season. The widespread implementation of auxin‐tolerant crops has led to an increase in in‐season applications of auxins. Auxin drift has subsequently become a more prominent issue in the agricultural industry and causes producers to shift management tactics. Yield partitioning research based on auxin application timing has been conducted, but more information is needed concerning application rate and the interaction between application rate and timing. Experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Grand Junction, TN, to determine the effects of synthetic auxin exposure on boll positioning, development, and production. Applications of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) or dicamba were made to cotton cultivars of the opposite technology at either matchhead square or 2 weeks after first bloom (FB + 2WK). Nontreated experimental plots were also included. More severe impacts on overall lint yield, yield partitioning, and yield components were observed following exposure to 2,4‐D than dicamba. Application rate and timing also impacted yield components and partitioning. Exposure to 2,4‐D during vegetative growth caused increased partitioning to vegetative and aborted fruiting positions but decreased partitioning to position 1, zone 2 (nodes 9 through 12), and zone 3 (nodes 13 and above) as application rate increased. Exposure to these rates at FB + 2WK did not impact yield partitioning. Environmental conditions following applications of 2,4‐D or dicamba play an important role in the recovery and growth of cotton and subsequent yield penalties.
Exploring the Clinical Diversity of Castleman Disease and TAFRO Syndrome: A Japanese Multicenter Study on Lymph Node Distribution Patterns
Authors: Otsuka Mizuna , Koga Tomohiro , Sumiyoshi Remi , Fukui Shoichi , Kaneko Yuko , Shimizu Takayuki , Katsube Atsushi , Yano Shingo , Masaki Yasufumi , Ide Makoto , Yoshifuji Hajime , Kitano Masayasu , Sato Yasuharu , Sawa Naoki , Niiro Hiroaki , Nakamura Naoya , Fajgenbaum David C. , van Rhee Frits , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIndividuals diagnosed with Castleman disease (CD) and TAFRO syndrome (characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, bone marrow fibrosis, and organomegaly) displays a wide range of clinical symptoms, including varying patterns of lymph node enlargement, systemic inflammation, and impaired organ function. Some patients may present with both CD and TAFRO syndrome concurrently. A retrospective study conducted across multiple centers in Japan examined 321 cases to determine if the quantity and position of swollen lymph nodes could forecast the clinical progression and intensity of these conditions. Interestingly, the study revealed that patients with TAFRO syndrome exhibited lymphadenopathy across all ranges of lymph node region counts. Moreover, no specific clinical patterns were associated with the number of affected lymph node regions in CD patients, regardless of whether they also had TAFRO syndrome. These results enhance our understanding of the clinical variability in CD and TAFRO syndrome, suggesting that a comprehensive clinical evaluation, rather than relying solely on lymph node count, is crucial for effectively managing these conditions. Additional studies are required to establish reliable diagnostic markers and to predict disease severity at the time of diagnosis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
One‐Pot Acid Catalytic Cyclization Synthesis of Imidazo[4,5‐c]Pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]Pyrimidines from 5‐Amino‐4‐Nitrosopyrazoles with Vilsmeier Reagent
Authors: Cha Chun‐Han , Chung Cheng‐Yen , Zeng Wei‐Zheng , Uramaru Naoto , Niteesh Kancharla , Fuh Wong Fung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe convenient and efficient one‐pot acid catalytic cyclization synthesis of imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazoles or/and pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines were individually developed by the reaction of 5‐amino‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles with Vilsmeier reagent (HCONH2/POCl3)under acid mediated solution. In the newly developed method of imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazoles, 5‐amino‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles were used as starting materials and the transformation process was involved denitrosation, amidination with Vilsmeier reagent (HCONH2/POCl3), cyclization, substitution, and hydrogen migration five steps. This method would be inexpensive and applied to prepare the widely range of substituents at all positions of the imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazole molecules. Additionally, 5‐amino‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles were also successfully converted to pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines with Vilsmeier reagent (HCONH2/POCl3) under hard reflux reaction condition.
Identification of Oligosaccharide Isomers Using Electrostatically Asymmetric OmpF Nanopore
Authors: Gao Fan , Wang Jia‐Hong , Ma Hui , Xia Bingqing , Wen Liuqing , Long Yi‐Tao , Ying Yi‐Lun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlycans, unlike uniformly charged DNA and compositionally diverse peptides, are typically uncharged and possess rich stereoisomeric diversity in the glycosidic bonds between two monosaccharide units. These unique features, including charge heterogeneity and structural complexity, pose significant challenges for accurate analysis. Herein, we developed a novel single‐molecule oligosaccharide sensor, OmpF nanopore. The natural electroosmotic flow within OmpF generates a robust driving force for unlabeled neutral oligosaccharides, enabling detection at a concentration as low as 6.4 μM. Furthermore, the asymmetric constriction zone of OmpF was employed to construct a stereoselective recognition site, enabling sensitive identification of glycosidic bond differences in cell lysate samples. With the assistance of machine learning algorithms, the OmpF nanopore achieved a recognition accuracy of 99.9 % for tetrasaccharides differing in only one glycosidic bond was achieved. This nanopore sensor provides a highly sensitive analytical tool with a broad dynamic range. It enables chiral recognition of oligosaccharides at low concentrations and is suitable for analysing both low‐abundance and practical samples.
Precise Identification of Native Peptides with Posttranslational Proline Hydroxylation by Nanopore
Authors: Chang Jing‐Wen , Gao Yan , Zou Ai‐Hua , Li Meng‐Yin , Long Yi‐Tao , Jiang Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydroxylation, an extensive post‐translational modification on proline, is critical for the modulation of native protein structures, further dominating their functions in life systems. However, current mass spectrometry (MS)‐based identification, could hardly distinguish hydroxylation with the neighboring oxidation due to the same mass shifts, as well as challenges posed by low abundance and exogenous oxidation during sample preparation. To address this, an engineered nanopore was designed, capable of discriminating single hydroxyl group on proline, to achieve the identification of proline hydroxylation on individual native peptides directly in mixture. By modeling the interaction between hydroxylated proline and its specific recognition protein, we introduced a hydrophobic region in aerolysin lumen with A224Y/T274W mutations to enhance the sensitivity for proline residue. The results showed that the proline hydroxylation on native HIF‐1α fragments could be unambiguously identified without purification, which could be maintained even in the presence of neighboring oxidation. The voltage‐dependent experiments further demonstrated the more relaxed peptide structure induced by hydroxylation that supported the great impact of hydroxylation on chemical properties of proline and the molecular mechanism of the specific recognition for hydroxylated proline in nature. These findings highlight the potential of nanopore for precise hydroxylation detection, offering a reliable platform for further uncovering the related functions in biological systems.
Reaktion von NHOs mit Bisphosphanen – Design von Diradikaloiden, Zwitterionen und Radikalen
Authors: Lüdtke Karsten Paul , Zander Edgar , Taube Florian , Siewert Jan‐Erik , Corzilius Björn , Hering‐Junghans Christian , Bresien Jonas , Schulz Axel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDie Verknüpfung von N‐heterocyclischen Olefinen (NHO), die über eine terminale CH2‐Donorgruppe verfügen, mit einem Bisphosphan führt zu einem offenschaligen Singulett‐Diphosphaindenylid‐System. Dies stellt eine neue Klasse von P‐Heterocyclen dar, die sowohl als P‐zentriertes Diradikaloid als auch als Zwitterion mit einer permanenten Ladungstrennung zwischen den N‐ und P‐Heterocyclenringen beschrieben werden kann. Quantenmechanische Berechnungen zeigen, dass die Rotation des Imidazolrings, die thermisch aufgrund einer zentralen C−C‐Bindung mit abgeschwächter π‐Komponente möglich ist, je nach Torsionswinkel sowohl die Ladungstrennung als auch den Diradikalcharakter verändert. Durch Variation der Größe der Substituenten am NHO konnten verschiedene Diphosphaindenylid‐Spezies mit unterschiedlichen Rotationswinkeln im Festkörper und entsprechend variierendem Diradikalcharakter erhalten werden. Imidazolium‐Diphosphaindenylide repräsentieren eine neue Substanzklasse von NHO‐basierten Zwitterionen mit Diradikalcharakter. Ihre Synthese, Struktur und chemische Reaktivität sowie die quantenmechanische Beschreibung ihrer elektronischen Struktur werden diskutiert. Zusätzlich wurde auf dem Syntheseweg zu einem der Diphosphaindenylid ein hochreaktives Monoradikalanion isoliert und vollständig charakterisiert.
Reaction of NHOs with Bisphosphanes – Designing Diradicaloids, Zwitterions and Radicals
Authors: Lüdtke Karsten Paul , Zander Edgar , Taube Florian , Siewert Jan‐Erik , Corzilius Björn , Hering‐Junghans Christian , Bresien Jonas , Schulz Axel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe linkage of an imidazole‐based N‐heterocyclic olefin (NHO), containing a terminal CH2 donor group, with a phosphorus‐centered diradical molecular fragment leads to an open‐shell singlet diphospha‐indenylide system, a new class of P‐heterocycles, which can be interpreted both as a phosphorus‐centered diradicaloid and as a zwitterion with a permanent, overall charge separation between the N‐ and P‐heterocyclic ring systems. The rotation of the imidazole ring, which is thermally possible due to a central C−C bond with a weakened π‐component, changes both the charge separation and diradical character depending on the dihedral angle, as quantum mechanical calculations indicate. By varying the bulkiness of substituents at the imidazole‐based NHO, it was possible to obtain different diphospha‐indenylide species with different rotation angles in the solid state and hence varying diradical character. Imidazolium‐diphospha‐indenylides represent a new class of NHO‐based zwitterions with diradical character. Their synthesis, structure, and activation chemistry are described, as well as the quantum mechanical description of the electronic structure in these unusual heterocycles. In addition, along the synthesis route to diphospha‐indenylide, we also succeeded in isolating a highly reactive monoradical anion, which was also fully characterized.
Preparation of MOEAMCl and MAAm Based Hydrogels and Effective Use in Anionic Dye Adsorption
Authors: Demir Hilal Nur Duykop , Delibaş Ali , Benk Ayşe , Coşkun Ramazan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, hydrogels based on [2‐(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MOEAMCl) and methacrylamide (MAAm) were synthesized for the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Following detailed characterization, the use of hydrogels for methyl orange (MO) adsorption was investigated. Hydrogels prepared at MOEAMCl‐MAAm monomer feed ratios of 75:25 and 50:50 (HD‐2 and HD‐3) were found to be effective in MO removal. The optimal pH for MO adsorption was determined to be 9, the adsorption time 6 h, and the amount of adsorbent 0.1 g. Under optimal adsorption conditions, dye removal at an MO concentration of 1000 ppm was 89.4% and 90.9% for HD‐2 and HD‐3 hydrogels, respectively, with adsorption capacities of 950 and 994 mg/g. It was observed that MO adsorption on both hydrogels decreased with increasing adsorbent amount and temperature, but was almost unaffected by the medium matrix. Additionally, the Freundlich isotherm was found to be the appropriate isotherm model, and kinetic results indicated that the HD‐3 hydrogel fit all examined kinetic models better than HD‐2. In conclusion, it was determined that these adsorbents could be efficiently used for anionic dye removal.
Can Unionid Mortality Be Estimated From Dead Shells? A Simulation Study
Authors: van der Lee Adam S. , Morris Todd J. , Koops Marten A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnvironmentally persistent structures of dead individuals represent an unexplored avenue to estimate some population parameters for endangered species that cannot sustain lethal sampling. We used simulations to explore the feasibility of applying catch‐curve analysis from dead unionid shells to estimate mortality. We found that when shell persistence was nonconstant across age‐classes, weighted regressions produced biassed results. Chapman–Robson estimates, however, were more robust with performance comparable to estimates from catch‐curve analysis on live individuals. Application of Chapman–Robson catch curve analysis to dead unionid shells represents a simple, cost‐effective and nonlethal approach to increase our understanding of unionid life history.
Drug‐Assisted White Light Generation Via Self‐Assembly
Authors: Ranjan Panda Soumya , Kavyashree P.  , Sahoo Dhananjaya , Lal Koner Apurba 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhite‐light (WL) generation using small organic molecules has gained significant attention from researchers working on the interface of supramolecular chemistry and organic materials. Self‐assembled multi‐chromophoric materials utilizing a drug molecule and microenvironment‐sensitive intramolecular charge transfer dye as an emitter offer the possibility of tunable emission. In this investigation, we focused on WL generation via the combination of a polarity‐sensitive red‐emitting styryl chromone (SC) and a blue‐emitting anticancer and psychotherapeutic drug Norharmane (NHM) in a self‐assembled micellar system. A detailed spectroscopic investigation allows us to understand the premicellar aggregation process of different types of surfactants with varying charges using the SC dye. Encapsulation of SC and NHM emitters inside the micellar system offers an improved fluorescent behavior, resulting in WL emission due to complementary wavelength overlap. The generated WL is highly photostable and thermally reversible in the self‐assembled system. This investigation highlights the significance of the co‐assembly of SC dye and NHM drug for the generation of a highly stable WL.
Metal‐Assisted Synthesis of Diverse Porphyrinoids by Cyclization of an N‐Confused Thia‐Pentapyrrane
Authors: Lu Hangchong , Li Qizhao , Ma Fangtao , Sha Feng , Zhou Mingbo , Wang Hailong , Li Shijun , Baryshnikov Glib , Ågren Hans , Song Jianxin , Jiang Jianzhuang , Xie Yongshu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOxidation of thia‐pentapyrrane S‐P4 with terminal β‐linked pyrrole and thiophene units in the presence of various metal ions has been found to afford distinct porphyrinoids. Specifically, N‐confused thiasapphyrin (1), Cu(III) norrole (2), neo‐confused phlorin (3), and p‐benzinorrole (4) were obtained, when S‐P4 was oxidized with p‐chloranil in acetonitrile in the presence of Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Co2+, respectively. The structures of 1–4 have been clearly elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and X‐ray crystal diffraction (for 2–4). This work indicates that the oxidative cyclization by linking highly reactive β‐linked pyrrole unit with less reactive thiophene unit assisted by various metal ions shows great potential in the construction of various novel porphyrinoids.
Progressive Approaches in Oncological Diagnosis and Surveillance: Real‐Time Impedance‐Based Techniques and Advanced Algorithms
Authors: Ramaswamy Viswambari Devi , Keidar Michael 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCancer remains a formidable global health challenge, necessitating the development of innovative diagnostic techniques capable of early detection and differentiation of tumor/cancerous cells from their healthy counterparts. This review focuses on the confluence of advanced computational algorithms with noninvasive, label‐free impedance‐based biophysical methodologies—techniques that assess biological processes directly without the need for external markers or dyes. This review elucidates a diverse array of state‐of‐the‐art impedance‐based technologies, illuminating distinct electrical signatures inherent to cancer vs healthy tissues. Additionally, the study probes the transformative potential of these diagnostic modalities in recalibrating personalized cancer treatment paradigms. These modalities offer real‐time insights into tumor dynamics, paving the way for precision‐guided therapeutic interventions. By emphasizing the quest for continuous in vivo monitoring, these techniques herald a pivotal advancement in the overarching endeavor to combat cancer globally.
Green and Sustainable Spectrofluorometric Determination of Nitrofurantoin in Pure Form and Water Samples Using Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Alzhrani Rami M. , Almalki Atiah H. , Abduljabbar Maram H. , Abdelazim Ahmed H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe environmental impact of chemicals used in aquaculture, particularly nitrofurantoin, has raised global concern. Nitrofurantoin, a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial, is commonly used in aquaculture despite safety risks. Determination of nitrofurantoin in water samples of fish ponds is necessary to ensure the safety and quality of seafood. Herein, a new spectrofluorometric method was created for the determination of nitrofurantoin in water samples from fish ponds. Carbon quantum dots were functionalized with nitrofurantoin tetra phenyl borate modifying their surface to be selective for nitrofurantoin quantification. When nitrofurantoin is present, the functionalized carbon quantum dots show concentration‐dependent fluorescence quenching, allowing estimation of the drug. The method was validated and demonstrated accepted linearity in the range of 5–150 ng/mL, with a limit of detection at 1.251 ng/mL. The method offers a broader and more sensitive detection range compared with a previous UHPLC method. Additionally, the environmental friendliness of the described method was conducted and compared with the reported UHPLC method using the analytical eco‐scale and the analytical greenness metric. The results demonstrate that the current method exhibits higher levels of sustainability compared with the previously reported method.
Knockout of Pro‐Apoptotic BAX and BAK1 Genes in HEK293T Cells Enhances Adeno‐Associated Virus (AAV) Production: AAV2 and AAV9
Authors: Park Sungje , Shin Seunghyeon , Han Gyucheol , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIncreasing demand for adeno‐associated virus (AAV) used in gene therapy highlights the need to enhance AAV production. When intracellular AAV2 and extracellular AAV9 were produced in HEK293T cells using the triple transfection method, apoptosis occurred during the AAV production. To mitigate apoptosis induced by AAV production, the pro‐apoptotic BAX/BAK1 genes were knocked out in HEK293T cells. BAX/BAK1 knockout (BBKO) in HEK293T cells significantly increased the production of both AAV2 and AAV9. For AAV2, BBKO increased the genome titer of AAV2 by 55% without negatively affecting the proportion of unwanted empty capsids generated during AAV production. Empty capsid ratios were determined based on viral genome and capsid titers and confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Likewise, for AAV9, BBKO increased the genome titer of AAV9 by 66% without negatively affecting the proportion of empty capsids. Additionally, as assessed using a transduction assay, BBKO increased the functional titers of AAV2 and AAV9 by 30% and 46%, respectively. Therefore, BBKO increased AAV production, while maintaining full capsid ratio and infectivity. Taken together, BBKO proved to be an efficient method for enhancing AAV production in HEK293T cells for both AAV2 and AAV9.
Fostering Sustainable Retail Business Innovations by Understanding Consumer Acceptance of Food Waste Reducing Business Models
Authors: Ruetgers Lisa , Lazell Jordon , Meadows Maureen , Bos Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe problem of food waste is increasingly being tackled via revenue‐generating activities such as the retailing of surplus food products. Little scholarly attention has been paid to the role of the consumer in such business models, even though consumers' perceptions and purchasing decisions are crucial to the acceptance of business innovations. This paper puts forward a process framework, informed by convention theory and legitimacy theory, to enhance understanding of ‘how’ consumer acceptance of such business models develops. Applying a multiple case study approach, this research investigates three case studies of ventures in Denmark and the United Kingdom illustrating models of surplus food reselling from retailers and manufacturers to consumers. The findings highlight three processes of acceptance: circumstantial, personal and community benefits and correspondence with social positioning. Aspects of price and convenience were the most influential in legitimising surplus food purchasing. Overall, the study makes an important contribution in demonstrating the market potential of surplus food.