bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct fluorescent staining and analysis of proteins on microspheres using CBQCA
Authors: Graves Steven W. , Woods Travis A. , Kim Heungbok , Nolan John P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundGeneral methods for accurate determination of microsphere surface protein loading are needed for applications from protein arrays to molecular assembly studies. Current methods include bulk absorption measurements of stained microspheres or use of known fluorescently tagged binding partners, which limit sensitivity and general applicability, respectively.MethodsMicrospheres bearing covalently coupled proteins were stained with 3‐(4‐carboxybenzoyl)quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) using different incubation times and dye concentrations to determine optimal staining conditions. The CBQCA fluorescence of microspheres (measured by flow cytometry) bearing known amounts of protein were used to generate standard curves of CBQCA fluorescence response versus the amount of microsphere surface protein. CBQCA was also used to stain noncovalent protein interactions.ResultsMaximal labeling was attained within 1 h with 1 mM CBQCA. Linear fluorescence response occurred between 8 × 104 and 1 × 106 proteins/microsphere. CBQCA staining did not disturb noncovalent protein interactions.ConclusionsWe have developed methods using CBQCA and flow cytometry to quickly and simply quantify the amount of protein on the surface of a microsphere. Importantly, this approach could be extended to other formats (e.g., chips). Further, because it does not disturb noncovalent protein–protein interactions, it may be possible to use this approach to detect protein interactions without the use of purified prestained probes. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Fluoro Analogues of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Corresponding Acyclic Metabolites
Authors: Prakesch Michaël , Grée Danielle , Chandrasekhar Srivari , Grée René 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular arachidonic acid and its metabolites, the so‐called eicosanoids, play a major role in human health. Many of them have been involved as potent mediators for various diseases such as inflammation and asthma. Therefore, numerous modifications in the structures of these natural products have been incorporated to study the structure‐activity relationship, monitor the biosynthetic pathway and also to understand the biological activities as well as the mechanisms of action. The modifications include introduction of labelled elements, fluorine atoms, heteroelements, carbo‐ and heterocycles etc. Of all these studies, the introduction of fluorine, which has a unique role as the smallest atom in the periodic table after hydrogen and also as the most electronegative element, provided very useful information. Thus, the present microreview highlights the synthetic efforts of various research groups in the last two decades on bioactive fluorinated fatty acids and corresponding acyclic metabolites. It also presents the most relevant bioactivity data obtained from the fluorinated analogues. The data corresponding to naturally occurring fluorinated fatty acids have been added, as well as the use of fluorinated probes for some biosynthetic studies in fatty acid chemistry (desaturation and methylenation). In addition, it is important to point out that the methods and strategies which have been developed to selectively introduce a single fluorine atom, as well as CF2 or CF3 groups, on such very challenging molecules could also be of much use in many other areas of chemistry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Archaeological investigation of the eastern extensions of the Karnak Temple using ground‐penetrating radar and magnetic tools
Authors: Abbas Abbas Mohamed , Abdallatif Tareq Fahmy , Shaaban Fathy A. , Salem Ahmed , Suh Mancheol 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEgyptologists have suggested there might be a hidden extension of the Karnak Temple, located in the Luxor governorate of Egypt. They believe that the temple contains some buried sections on its northern and eastern sides. During January and September 2002, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetic surveys were carried out on an 80 × 40 m area near the eastern gate. The GPR data did not give a clear picture of some of the buried features. A clearer identification of the hidden features was accomplished by interpretation of the magnetic data using the analytic signal approach. Our study has revealed the presence of coffin‐ and tomblike structures built of mud bricks. Limestone blocks were also detected, which may be attributable to destroyed pillars or statues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of geophysical methods in urban archaeological prospection: The Basilica de Nuestra Señora de La Salud, Patzcuaro, Mexico
Authors: Chávez René Efrain , Cámara Maria Encarnación , Ponce Rocio , Argote Denisse 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to locate the foundations of an ancient wing of the Basilica de Nuestra Señora de la Salud, which, according to historical documents, was part of this 16th‐century structure. The site was located within the southern vestibule of the Basilica. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and vertical magnetic gradient (VMG) field methods were employed. The geophysical survey consisted of 20 GPR profiles measured in the study area. A series of 16 VMG profiles was also surveyed. The GPR studies located a linear reflector going in a NE‐SW direction, with an angle of almost 45°. The VMG made it possible to identify a rectangular pattern and other features that are probably associated with either collapsed portions of the foundations or Pre‐Hispanic remains. These results confirmed the presence of the reflector found with GPR, as well as other features of interest. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TEM‐fast small‐loop soundings to map underground tunnels and galleries connecting the rock‐hewn churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia
Authors: Ranieri Gaetano , Haile Tigistu , Alemayehu Tamiru 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAs one of the first attempts to utilize the technique for intrasite archaeological prospection, a series of coincident square‐loop TEM‐fast geophysical surveys were carried out over the compounds of the largest of the rock‐hewn churches of Lalibela—Bete Maryam and Bete Amannuel—in North Ethiopia. Archaeologists have long believed that the different churches within each group were connected by underground tunnels. The aim of this survey was to identify, delineate, and map these underground channels and galleries. A total of 33 sounding surveys were conducted, the majority of which used a 3‐m‐side square loop. The survey traverses explored around the sides of the churches where underground connections to the other churches are possible. The results of the surveys, which are presented in terms of resistivity and depth pseudosections, clearly depict the presence of anomalies that could be associated with cavities, whose orientation suggests the presence of connecting galleries between the different churches. Whether these cavities were actually connecting galleries with religious implications or designed to be used as drainage paths remains a subject requiring further study involving additional geophysical investigations and physical excavation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Acidovorax delafieldii
Authors: West Thomas P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe regulation of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in the nutritionally versatile bacterium Acidovorax delafieldii ATCC 17505T was influenced by carbon source and pyrimidine supplementation. Uracil supplementation of succinate‐grown A. delafieldii ATCC 17505T cells produced a greater decrease in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities than did orotic acid supplementation. The presence of orotic acid or uracil in the medium of the glucose‐grown wild type cells generally increased the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme activities. After the pyrimidine limitation of an A. delafieldii orotate phosphoribosyltransferase mutant strain, the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities in the glucose‐grown mutant cells were more highly derepressed than in the succinate‐grown mutant cells. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic and density functional theory study of functionalized thiophene–benzene derivatives
Authors: Gordon Keith C. , MacArthur Samuel , Clarke Tracey M. , Officer David L. , Wagner Pawel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA group of diethenylbenzene‐linked oligothiophenes were investigated using vibrational spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum calculations. Geometry calculations revealed dihedral angles that are sensitive to both the presence of cyano substituents on the ethylene linkages and the identity of the attached oligothiophene. In particular, cyano substitution in the presence of terthiophene groups leads to a significant loss of planarity. The resultant loss of conjugation has been observed in the experimental Raman spectra on the basis of a band at ∼1520 cm−1, the wavenumber and intensity of which are dependent on conjugation length. In the case of the diethenylbenzene‐linked terthiophene, the wavenumber of this band suggests a conjugation that extends across both terthiophene and the diethenylbenzene species. The calculated vibrational spectra successfully predict the wavenumber shifts upon cyano substitution in both the infrared and Raman spectra. The presence of the cyano groups has the greatest influence on the Mulliken charge distribution, whereas the identity of the oligothiophene has little effect. This study shows that quantum calculations, particularly when combined with experimental parameters such as vibrational spectroscopy, can be informative in understanding the electronic structure of molecules of this type. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee motivation, external orientation and the technical efficiency of foreign‐financed firms in China: a stochastic frontier analysis
Authors: Mok Vincent , Yeung Godfrey 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBy using a stochastic frontier model, we have identified several firm‐specific attributes as determinants of technical efficiency in foreign‐financed manufacturing firms in southern China. The empirical results suggest a strong association between efficiency and employee motivation, which includes the use of bonus incentives and flexibility in employment policy. In terms of the external orientation behavior of firms, the findings do not support the export/efficiency relationship. Sample firms with a high degree of export‐orientedness were less efficient, possibly due to the high transaction costs in China of exportation. As for the effects of expatriate input on production, our empirical evidence revealed that firms with a relatively high expatriate ratio performed less efficiently than others did. These two findings may have significant implications for the marketing strategies and management (including the localization) of human resources of foreign‐financed firms in China. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing training and development programs using stochastic CVP analysis
Authors: Yunker James A. , Schofield Dale 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper sets forth, analyzes and applies a stochastic cost‐volume‐profit (CVP) model specifically geared toward the determination of enrollment fees for training and development (T+D) programs. It is a simpler model than many of those developed in the research literature, but it does incorporate one advanced component: an ‘economic’ demand function relating the expected sales level to price. Price is neither a constant nor a random variable in this model but rather the decision‐maker's basic control variable. The simplicity of the model permits analytical solutions for five ‘special prices’: (1) the highest price which sets breakeven probability equal to a minimum acceptable level; (2) the price which maximizes expected profits; (3) the price which maximizes a Cobb–Douglas utility function based on expected profits and breakeven probability; (4) the price which maximizes breakeven probability; and (5) the lowest price which sets breakeven probability equal to a minimum acceptable level. The model is applied to data provided by the Center for Management and Professional Development at the authors' university. The results suggest that there could be a significant payoff to fine‐tuning a T+D provider's pricing strategy using formal analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technological opportunity and the relationship between innovation output and market structure
Authors: Koeller C. Timothy 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study examines influences of technological opportunity on the relationship between market structure and the innovation output of different‐size firms. A simultaneous‐equations model is specified and estimated separately for technologically progressive and technologically unprogressive industries.The study finds that innovation activities of small firms and large firms bear different relationships to market structure, in part resulting from interindustry differences in technological opportunity. In technologically progressive industries, innovation output (especially of small firms) is lower in the presence of high concentration and is increased substantially by high R&D intensity. Large‐firm innovation output has a positive effect on industry concentration, but only in technologically unprogressive industries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of isocatalpanol and a derivative of tecomaquinone
Authors: Santos Allana Kellen L. , Assunção Jõao Carlos , Fonseca Aluisio M. , Pessoa Otilia D. L. , Monte Francisco Jose Q. , Lemos Telma L. G. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIsocatalpanol and tecomaquinone I were obtained from roots of Lippia sidoides, a medicinal plant from northeast Brazil. Reduction of tecomaquinone I with NaBH4 yielded a new derivative. Structural elucidation was done on the basis of spectral data, mainly by high‐field NMR and electron ionization mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the phytoestrogen trans‐resveratrol (3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene) structures from x‐ray diffraction and solution NMR
Authors: Commodari Fernando , Khiat Abdesslem , Ibrahimi Sanae , Brizius Alison R. , Kalkstein Noah 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe NMR‐derived solution structure of trans‐3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene (resveratrol) was compared with two recent literature crystal x‐ray structures, resveratrol in complex with human transthyretin (TTR‐RES) from 1DVS.pdb and resveratrol bound to chalcone synthase (CHS‐RES) from 1CGZ.pdb. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of resveratrol were acquired in DMSO‐d6. Assignments were obtained from an analysis of DQF‐COSY, TOCSY, DEPT, HMQC/HSQC, HMBC and INADEQUATE NMR spectra. Past 1H and 13C NMR literature assignments are corrected. The dihedral angle 2–1–1′–2′ provides an indication of the relative spatial orientation of the two phenolic rings. Values of 1.62, − 54.10 and 12.6 ± 1.1adeg were found for the 1DVS.pdb, 1CGZ.pdb and NMR resveratrol structures, respectively. The 1DVS.pdb resveratrol structure is ‘flat’ with the two phenolic rings along the same plane. The 1CGZ.pdb structure has these two rings almost orthogonal to each other, and the NMR structure has these two rings much closer to being along the same plane. The angles 1–α—α′ and 1′–α′—α are along the same trace and of similar magnitude for the 1CGZ.pdb and NMR resveratrol structures. For the 1DVS.pdb resveratrol structure, these angles are about 7–10° greater, with α and α′ being 180° out‐of‐phase from the other two structures. The α rings did not overlap, with the NMR result representing a ‘median model’ of the two x‐ray structures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of monofluorinated polycyclic aromatic compounds by 1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Lutnaes Bjart Frode , Luthe Gregor , Brinkman Udo A. Th. , Johansen Jon E. , Krane Jostein 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMonofluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (F‐PAHs) have attracted much attention in analytical, environmental, toxicological and mechanistic studies because of their physico‐chemical properties, which are closely similar to those of the parent PAHs. Because of this, full NMR characterization has become of interest. Complete 1H, 13C and 19F NMR chemical shifts, and also 1J(H,C), nJ(C,F), nJ(H,F) and nJ(H,H) coupling constants, have been assigned for the F‐PAHs 1‐fluoronaphthalene, 2‐fluorofluorene, 5‐fluoroacenaphthylene, 2‐fluorophenanthrene, 3‐fluorophenanthrene, 3‐fluorofluoranthene, 1‐fluoropyrene, 1‐fluorochrysene, 2‐fluorochrysene, 3‐fluorochrysene and 9‐fluorobenzo[k]fluoranthene. To allow comparison with the corresponding parent PAHs, the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[k]fluoranthene were determined. Chemical shift increments and the effects on the coupling constants from the fluorine substitution are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal expression of period 1 (PER1) in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Yeh Kun‐Tu , Yang Ming‐Yu , Liu Ta‐Chih , Chen Jui‐Chang , Chan Wen‐Ling , Lin Sheng‐Fung , Chang Jan‐Gowth 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe development of endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a multiple‐step process, which includes inactivation of tumour suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, and disturbance of cancer‐related genes. Recent studies have shown that the circadian cycle may influence cancer development and prognosis. In this study, the expression of a circadian gene, PER1, was examined in 35 ECs and paired non‐tumour tissues by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of PER1 were significantly decreased in EC, and mutational analysis of the coding regions, together with methylation analysis of cytosine‐phosphate guanosine (CpG) sites in the promoter area, was performed to investigate the possible mechanisms. The analyses detected four single nucleotide polymorphisms in both tumour and non‐tumour tissues, which had no relationship with the expression of PER1. In the promoter area of the PER1 gene, the CpG sites were methylated in 31.4% of ECs, but in 11.4% of paired non‐tumour tissues (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the down‐regulation of PER1 expression in EC was partly due to inactivation of the PER1 gene by DNA methylation of the promoter and partly due to other factors. Analysis of the relationships between the expression of PER1, P53, c‐MYC, cyclin A, cyclin B, and cyclin D1 showed no definite relationship. These results suggest that down‐regulation of the PER1 gene disrupts the circadian rhythm, which may favour the survival of endometrial cancer cells. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and interleukin‐8 during regeneration of human airway epithelium in vivo
Authors: Coraux Christelle , Martinella‐Catusse Corinne , Nawrocki‐Raby Béatrice , Hajj Rodolphe , Burlet Henriette , Escotte Sandie , Laplace Véronique , Birembaut Philippe , Puchelle Edith 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn many airway diseases, the airway epithelium is severely damaged and has to regenerate rapidly to restore its function. The regeneration process involves chronological steps of epithelial cell migration, proliferation, stratification, and differentiation. The present study has used an in vivo humanized airway xenograft model in nude mice that mimics the regeneration dynamics of human airway epithelium after severe injury, and human‐specific molecular tools, to study the expression profiles of epithelial matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐7 and ‐9, of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1), and of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) during the different steps of human airway epithelium regeneration. It was found that during the cell migration and proliferation steps, airway epithelial cells expressed IL‐8 at a high level, whereas airway epithelial pseudo‐stratification and surface airway epithelial differentiation were associated with increased expression of MMPs and a progressive decrease in IL‐8. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analysis revealed exclusive expression of MMPs at the apical part of the well‐differentiated regenerated airway epithelium, and incubation of the regenerating epithelial cells with MMP inhibitors led to abnormal epithelial differentiation. These data provide new insight into the temporal expression of MMPs and IL‐8 during the regeneration of airway epithelium and demonstrate the involvement of these factors during the different steps that lead to restoration of a well‐differentiated and functional airway epithelium. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinked cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate and isooctyl acrylate copolymers as oil sorbers
Authors: Atta Ayman M , El‐Ghazawy Rasha AM , Farag Reem K , El‐Kafrawy Ahmed F , Abdel‐Azim Abdel‐Azim A 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCopolymerization of a novel monomer cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate (CEMA) with isooctyl acrylate (IOA) was performed in the range 10–90 % of the feedstock. Copolymer compositions were determined from proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Monomer reactivity ratios were calculated using Fineman–Ross and Kelen–Tudös techniques at low conversions. The copolymer microstructure, including the mean sequence length distribution, was calculated from reactivity ratios. Crosslinked poly(CEMA), poly(IOA) and CEMA/IOA copolymers were prepared by bulk polymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile initiator and two different hexafunctional crosslinkers. The crosslinked copolymers were evaluated for oil absorbency applications. The effects of monomer feed composition, crosslinker concentration and type of oil on the swelling properties of the crosslinked polymers were studied through oil absorption tests. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of Nile Red to monitor the aggregation behavior in ternary surfactant–water–organic solvent systems
Authors: Stuart Marc C. A. , van de Pas John C. , Engberts Jan B. F. N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTernary systems of surfactants, water and organic solvents were studied by monitoring the steady‐state fluorescence of the versatile solvatochromic probe Nile Red. We found not only that Nile Red can be used throughout the whole isotropic regions in the phase diagram, but also that subtle changes in the aggregation state of the surfactant can be monitored. The formation of inverted micelles in n‐hexane could be followed upon the addition of small amounts of water, in addition to the formation of normal micelles in water and water–organic solvent mixtures. In aqueous C12EO4 solutions the temperature‐dependent micelle‐to‐vesicle‐to‐inverted micelle transition was visualized by Nile Red fluorescence. Finally, the incorporation of solvent into the micellar interior could also be monitored using Nile Red as the probe. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.