bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated energy balance analysis of a stand‐alone wind power system for various typical Aegean Sea regions
Authors: Kaldellis J. K. , Tsesmelis M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe wind power industry is nowadays a mature energy production sector disposing to market commercial wind converters from 50 W up to 5 MW. In the present work the possibility of using stand‐alone electricity production systems based on a small wind turbine in order to meet the electricity requirements of remote consumers is analysed for selected Aegean Sea regions possessing representative wind potential types. The proposed configuration results from an extensive long‐term meteorological data analysis on a no‐load rejection condition basis during the entire time period examined. Accordingly, an integrated energy balance analysis is carried out for the whole time period investigated, including also the system battery depth‐of‐discharge distribution versus time. Finally, the predicted optimum system configuration is compared to other existing technoeconomic alternatives on a simplified total production cost basis. The results support the viability of similar solutions, especially for areas of high or medium wind potential. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size and origin of the escape peak in various Si(Li) detectors
Authors: Papp T. , Campbell J. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe variation of the escape peak to parent peak intensity ratio among nine Si(Li) detectors was studied using an 55Fe source. We selected detectors of widely different overall lineshape response, all from commercial suppliers. We used a sophisticated non‐linear fitting code to model the underlying background and the demonstrably variable low‐energy tailing features. The resulting escape to parent peak ratio exhibits considerable variation for the different detectors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double K‐photoionization of S and Ar
Authors: Sánchez Héctor Jorge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental evidence of double photoionizations at core levels of S (Z = 16) and Ar (Z = 18) is presented. Measurements of Kα line intensities were carried out in the region of the double‐photoionization K‐edge energy using monochromatic synchrotron radiation. From these measurements, double K‐ionization energies were obtained and double‐photoionization K‐edge jumps were calculated for these elements. A discussion on the effects of double K vacancies on XRF analysis is presented, and some approaches to the treatment of multiple vacancies in XRF are pointed out. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First results of TXRF measurements of low‐Z elements on Si wafer surfaces at the PTB plane grating monochromator beamline for undulator radiation at BESSY II
Authors: Streli C. , Wobrauschek P. , Beckhoff B. , Ulm G. , Fabry L. , Pahlke S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFirst measurements of low‐Z elements on Si wafer surfaces with undulator and wiggler radiation excited total reflection x‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry were performed at the PTB plane grating monochromator beamline for undulator radiation at the electron storage ring BESSY II. The synchrotron radiation (SR) TXRF spectrometer for low‐Z elements of the Atominstitut was used, equipped with a down‐looking Ge(HP) detector with a 300 nm NORWAR window, with the wafer positioned horizontally. Experiments were performed with excitation energies above 0.7 keV in the wiggler mode and with excitation energies below 0.7 keV in the undulator mode of the PTB insertion device U180. For droplet samples on Si wafer surfaces detection limits for Na down to C were found to be in the low‐picogram range. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of preconcentration methods for the determination of trace amounts of rare earth elements by x‐ray fluorescence analysis using a conventional x‐ray tube system and a synchrotron radiation source
Authors: De Vito I. , Perez C. A. , Bueno M. I. Maretti S. , Olsina R. , Masi A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTrace amounts of rare earth elements (REE) were preconcentrated by chemofiltration methods using the organic reagents o‐(3,6‐disulfo‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthylazo)benzenearsonic acid (Thorin) and 2,2′‐(1,8‐dihydroxy‐3,6‐disulfonaphthylene‐2,7‐bisazo)bisbenzenearsonic acid (Arsenazo III) as complexing agents for the REE. The resulting specimens (thin film) were then analyzed by an x‐ray fluorescence method using two different instruments: a conventional x‐ray tube system and a synchrotron radiation source. The results from these two systems were compared with respect to radiation damage, accuracy, detection limits and ease of analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer microtomography using a laboratory x‐ray fluorescence microbeam spectrometer—A feasibility study
Authors: Wȩgrzynek Dariusz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbsorption tomography imaging of small objects was performed using parallel beam geometry and a laboratory microbeam x‐ray fluorescence (µ‐XRF) spectrometer. Two x‐ray tubes, with Mo and Cr anodes, were used to perform tomographic imaging with different energies, namely 5.411 and 17.5 keV. The primary beam was collimated–focused using a tapered single glass capillary with an exit diameter of about 12 µm. The spatial resolution of the collimated x‐ray beam was about 25 µm (FWHM). The attenuated primary beam was measured using a standard Si(Li) energy‐dispersive detector. Depending on the beam intensity, two measuring modes were utilized: direct measurement of the transmitted beam and measurement of the secondary radiation excited by the transmitted beam in the yttrium target. The tomographic images of several small objects were obtained, namely a glass capillary, the tip of a match, a burned wooden stick and the head of a fly. The limitations of computer microtomography imaging using laboratory µ‐XRF are discussed and the solutions to the approached problems are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ypt protein prenylation depends on the interplay among levels of Rab escort protein and geranylgeranyl diphosphate in yeast cells
Authors: Miaczynska Marta , Wagner Wolfgang , Bauer Bettina E. , Schweyen Rudolf J. , Ragnini Antonella 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFarnesyl diphosphate (FPP), an intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway, is used by farnesyl transferase to farnesylate, among others, the Ras proteins, and by geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase to produce geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). GGPP is then transferred by geranylgeranyl transferase II (GGTase II) to Rab/Ypt members of the Ras superfamily known to be required at all stages of vesicle transport in both mammals and yeast. Formation of a complex between a Rab/Ypt protein and an accessory protein named the Rab escort protein (REP) is a prerequisite for GGTase II substrate recognition. Little is known about the factors that regulate GGTase II activity in living cells but, based on available data, it seems possible that vesicle transport in higher eukaryotes is regulated by the levels of prenylated Rab/Ypt proteins in the cells. Here we show that the levels of REP play an important role in regulating GGTase II activity in yeast cells if sufficient substrates are present. Moreover, overexpression of REP causes, directly or indirectly, an increased level of Ypt substrates available for prenylation, which in turn leads to the depletion of the GGPP pool in the cell. Overall our data suggest that the levels of REP and the availability of GGPP play a role in regulating Ypt protein prenylation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and sequence analysis of the gene encoding triose phosphate isomerase from Zygosaccharomyces bailii
Authors: Merico Annamaria , Rodrigues Fernando , Côrte‐Real Manuela , Porro Danilo , Maria Ranzi Bianca , Compagno Concetta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ZbTPI1 gene encoding triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) was cloned from a Zygosaccharomyces bailii genomic library by complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tpi1 mutant strain. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.5 kb fragment showed an open reading frame (ORF) of 746 bp, encoding a protein of 248 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shares a high degree of homology with TIMs from other yeast species, including some highly conserved regions. The analysis of the promoter sequence of the ZbTPI1 revealed the presence of putative motifs known to have regulatory functions in S. cerevisiae. The GenBank Accession No. of ZbTPI1 is AF325852. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kluyveromyces lactis cytoplasmic plasmid pGKL2: heterologous expression of Orf3p and proof of guanylyltransferase and mRNA–triphosphatase activities
Authors: Tiggemann Markus , Jeske Stefanie , Larsen Michael , Meinhardt Friedhelm 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe predicted ORF3 polypeptide (Orf3p) of the linear genetic element pGKL2 from Kluyveromyces lactis was expressed in Bacillus megaterium as a fusion protein with a His(6X)‐tag at the C‐terminus for isolation by Ni‐affinity chromatography. This is the first time that a yeast cytoplasmic gene product has been expressed heterologously as a functional protein in a bacterial system. The purified protein was found to display both RNA 5′‐triphosphatase and guanylyltransferase activities. When the lysine residue present at position 177 of the protein within the sequence motif (KXDG), highly conserved in capping enzymes and other nucleotidyl transferases, was substituted by alanine, the guanylyltransferase activity was lost, thereby proving an important role for the transfer of GMP from GTP to the 5′‐diphosphate end of the mRNA. Our in vitro data provides the first direct evidence that the polypeptide encoded by ORF3 of the cytoplasmic yeast plasmid pGKL2 functions as a plasmid‐specific capping enzyme. Since genes equivalent to ORF3 of pGKL2 have been identified in all autonomous cytoplasmic yeast DNA elements investigated so far, our findings are of general significance for these widely distributed yeast extranuclear genetic elements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and sequence analysis of the LEU2 homologue gene from Pichia anomala
Authors: De la Rosa José M. , Pérez José A. , Gutiérrez Fernando , González José M. , Ruiz Teresa , Rodríguez Luis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Pichia anomala LEU2 gene (PaLEU2) was isolated by complementation of a leu2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant. The cloned gene also allowed growth of a Escherichia coli leuB mutant in leucine‐lacking medium, indicating that it encodes a product able to complement the β‐isopropylmalate dehydrogenase deficiency of the mutants. The sequenced DNA fragment contains a complete ORF of 1092 bp, and the deduced polypeptide shares significant homologies with the products of the LEU2 genes from S. cerevisiae (84% identity) and other yeast species. A sequence resembling the GC‐rich palindrome motif identified in the 5′ region of S. cerevisiae LEU2 gene as the binding site for the transcription activating factor encoded by the LEU3 gene was found at the promoter region. In addition, upstream of the PaLEU2 the 3′‐terminal half of a gene of the same orientation, encoding a homologue of the S. cerevisiae NFS1/SPL1 gene that encodes a mitochondrial cysteine desulphurase involved in both tRNA processing and mitochondrial metabolism, was found. The genomic organization of the PaNFS1–PaLEU2 gene pair is similar to that found in several other yeast species, including S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, except that in some of them the LEU2 gene appears in the reverse orientation. The nucleotide sequence has been submitted to the EMBL database under Accession No. AJ294714. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid composition, fatty acid profiles, and lipid‐soluble antioxidants of eggs of the Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri)
Authors: Speake Brian K. , Surai Peter F. , Gore Mauvis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe major lipid classes, their fatty acid profiles, and the amounts of the lipid‐soluble components, vitamin E, vitamin A, and carotenoids, were determined for egg yolks of the Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) with the aim of identifying any features that may potentially impair the adaptation of this endangered species to deteriorations in habitat. Total lipid formed 16% (wt/wt) of the fresh yolk and consisted of (wt/wt) 74.4% triacylglycerol, 18.1% phospholipid, 3.0% cholesteryl ester, and 3.4% free cholesterol. Despite a diet based on green plants, contributing α‐linolenic acid as the main polyunsaturate, this fatty acid formed only 3.8% of the total mass of fatty acid of the total lipid. The main acyl component of the yolk lipids was the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, which formed 45.6% of the total. The most striking feature of the yolk composition was the almost complete lack of two nutrients, docosahexaenoic acid and vitamin A, which are essential for the developing embryo. Although it is feasible that the embryo synthesizes docosahexaenoic acid from yolk‐derived α‐linolenic acid and also converts yolk‐derived β‐carotene to vitamin A, the yolk is poorly endowed with both these precursors. The stringencies displayed by the yolk composition in this species may limit the flexibility to adapt to changes in the availability of food items when the habitat is threatened. Zoo Biol 20:75–87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disease risk and inter‐institutional transfer of specimens in cooperative breeding programs: Herpes and the elephant species survival plans
Authors: Ryan Sadie J. , Thompson Steven D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractManagers of cooperative breeding programs and re‐introduction projects are increasingly concerned with the risk of disease transmission when specimens are transferred among facilities or between facilities and the natural environment. We used data maintained in North American studbooks to estimate the potential risks of disease transmission by direct and indirect contact of specimens in the American Zoo and Aquarium Association’s Elephant Species Survival Plan. Histological evidence for a novel herpesvirus disease transmitted between and within elephant species housed in North American facilities prompted an examination of the scope of possible transmission routes within the captive population. We found that, compared with other species managed through Species Survival Plans, elephants experience relatively few transfers between zoos. Nevertheless, the number of direct contacts with other elephants born during the study period of 1983–1996 (excluding stillbirths) was much higher than we had anticipated (μ = 25 ± 27; N = 59) and the number of potential indirect contacts was surprisingly large (μ = 143 ± 92; N = 59). Although these high rates of potential contacts complicate exact identification of infection pathways for herpesvirus, we were able to propose potential routes of transmission for the histologically identified cases. Furthermore, the extraction of data from studbooks allowed us to readily identify other specimens that did not succumb to the disease despite similar exposure. Moreover, we were able to identify other possible cases to recommend for histological examination. Herein we reveal the possibilities of multiple disease transmission pathways and demonstrate how complex the patterns of transmission can be, confounded by the unknown latency of this novel herpesvirus. This emphasizes the need for zoo veterinarians and cooperative breeding programs to consider the full potential for disease transmission associated with each and every inter‐zoo transfer of specimens. Zoo Biol 20:89–101, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the Maruyama Computer Program Accuracy for Preoperative Estimation of Lymph Node Metastases from Gastric Cancer
Authors: Guadagni Stefano , de Manzoni Giovanni , Catarci Marco , Valenti Marco , Amicucci Gianfranco , De Bernardinis Giancarlo , Cordiano Claudio , Carboni Manlio , Maruyama Keiichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractControversy still exists about the optimal lymph node (LN) dissection for potentially curable gastric cancer. For rational LN dissection it is important to know the incidence of metastasis at each LN station. For this purpose a computer program was developed using data from 4302 primary gastric cancers treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo between 1969 and 1989. To evaluate the accuracy of the computer program, the differences between the individual reports generated by the computer and the stored data were investigated in 282 Italian patients submitted to curative gastrectomy and D2 or more extended LN dissections for gastric cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the program for predicting LN metastases in each of the 16 regional LN stations. The computer program showed good predictive ability for LN metastases in most of the 16 LN stations, as the areas under the curve ranged from 0.741 (station 15) to 0.944 (station 8), with a mean of 0.856. A critical cutoff point of 18% of the program's expected percentage was the value maximizing the validity of the prediction. Using an “absolute” cutoff point of 0%, the overall rate of false‐negative (FN) predictions in 176 N+ patients was 11.9%; of these, 11 (6.2%) were absolute FNs, in which the program totally failed to estimate LN metastases; the remaining 10 cases (5.7%) were relative FNs because the specific prediction was positive for a different depth of stomach invasion. The low number of D3/D4 lymphadenectomies in the historical database may affect the low estimate of metastases to N3/N4 nodes generated by the program. Based on these data, the program predicts with good accuracy the extent of LN metastases from gastric cancer, but it is not recommended for directing the surgeon to perform more extensive lymphadenectomy.
Vascular Imaging before, during, and after Endovascular Repair
Authors: White Rodney A. , Donayre Carlos E. , Kopchok George E. , Walot Irwin , Mehinger C. Mark , Wilson Eric P. , deVirgilio Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndovascular techniques for repair of vascular lesions are developing rapidly. Imaging modalities are critical in this evolution from several perspectives. Device development and evaluation rely on precise imaging to ensure fixation of devices, isolation of lesions, and assessment of healing at various intervals. Clinical implementation of endovascular techniques requires a spectrum of imaging methods to choose patients appropriately for procedures, to deploy devices expediently and precisely, and to evaluate long‐term efficacy in a minimally invasive manner. This paper reviews the utility of available imaging methods for performing these assessments.
Surgical Strategy for Management of Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities
Authors: Meissner Alfred J. , Huszcza Sławomir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClinical experience proves that there is a considerable group of patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the legs who have absolute or relative contraindications to anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents but require immediate medical treatment. The aim here is to present our strategy for qualifying patients for venous thrombectomy and the technique of the operation in patients with acute iliofemoral DVT. A total of 268 patients with DVT were evaluated. A proximal thrombosis was diagnosed in 225 cases (84%), and acute thrombosis was found in 126 (56%) of these 225 patients. Venous thrombectomy with temporary arteriovenous fistula was performed in 30 patients. In the remaining patients initial treatment included heparin, acenocumarol, or both in 61, thrombolytic agents in 26, and other therapy in 9 cases. Three patients died during the early postoperative period. Minor nonhemorrhagic complications were observed in four operated patients. One patient developed wound hematoma. In all but three operated cases the patency of the iliac and femoral veins with leg swelling in 16 patients was observed 1 year after fistula closure. There were no episodes of rethrombosis during this period. None of the thrombectomized patient had leg ulcers. Eight patients were free of clinical symptoms related to DVT. We believe that venous thrombectomy provides a good chance for satisfactory restoration of venous outflow in patients with acute proximal DVT. Venous thrombectomy with temporary arteriovenous fistula represents the treatment of choice in patients with acute, proximal DVT and with contraindications to heparin treatment.
Assessing the Suitability of Gastric Carcinoma for Limited Resection: Histologic Differentiation of Endoscopic Biopsy
Authors: Namieno Tsutomu , Koito Kazumitsu , Higashi Tsunemi , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Yamashita Kenichiro , Sato Naoki , Kondo Yukifumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHistologically differentiated adenocarcinoma satisfies one of the criteria for limited surgery for mucosal carcinoma of the stomach; however, the histology of the endoscopic biopsy specimen is often different from that of the resected specimen. The medical records of 1018 early gastric carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the relation between the histologies of biopsy and resected specimens. Regression analysis showed that the histologies of biopsy specimens were significantly related to those of resected specimens (r= 0.916,n= 5, p= 0.0288) for the mucosal carcinomas, but their relation was not significant for the submucosal carcinomas (r= 0.677, n= 5,p= 0.2091). By analyzing the 344 differentiated mucosal carcinomas, moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas were seen to be frequently less differentiated at resection. The histology of the biopsy specimens from mucosal carcinoma of the stomach grossly satisfies one of the criteria for limited surgery, but moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma may not be suitable for this treatment.
Options and Strategies for the Management of Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Rosenthal Raul J. , Rossi Ricardo L. , Martin Ronald F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe introduction of laparoscopic techniques for the management of biliary stone disease has expanded the therapeutic choices for surgeons confronted with choledocholithiasis. As new strategies emerge, the treatment of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis remains controversial. This paper discusses the options available for the treatment of common bile duct stones. Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are proposed. The treatment of these patients must be individualized, taking into consideration the condition of the patient, associated diseases, secondary complications of the gallstones, and the surgical expertise and resources of the institution.
Protein Import Into Mitochondria
Authors: Paschen Stefan A. , Neupert Walter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and thus have to be imported into mitochondria from the cytosol. Protein translocation across and into the mitochondrial membranes is a multistep process facilitated by the coordinated action of at least four specialized translocation systems in the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria. The outer membrane contains one general translocase, the TOM complex, whereas three distinct translocases are located in the inner membrane, which facilitates translocation of different classes of preproteins. The TIM23 complex mediates import of matrix‐targeted preproteins with N ‐terminal presequences, whereas hydrophobic preproteins with internal targeting signals are inserted into the inner membrane via the TIM22 complex. The OXA translocase mediates the insertion of preproteins from the matrix space into the inner membrane. This review focuses on the structural organization and function of the import machinery of the model organisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa . In addition, the molecular basis of a new human mitochondrial disorder is discussed, the Mohr‐Tranebjaerg syndrome. This is the first known disease, which is caused by an impaired mitochondrial protein import machinery leading to progressive neurodegeneration.