bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of dual-layer CT in the assessment of lymph nodes in lymphoma patients with PET/CT as a reference standard
Authors: Tan Zhengwu , Mei Heng , Qin Chunxia , Zhang Xiao , Yang Ming , Zhang Lan , Wang Jing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of dual-layer CT (DLCT) for the identification of positive lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with lymphoma and retrospectively included 1165 LNs obtained by biopsy from 78 patients with histologically proven lymphoma, who underwent both pretreatment DLCT and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). According to 18F-FDG PET/CT findings as a reference standard, cases were categorized into the LN-negative and LN-positive groups. LNs were then randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3 into the training (n = 809) and validation (n = 356) cohorts. The patients’ clinical characteristics and quantitative parameters including spectral curve slope (λHU), iodine concentration (IC) on arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) images were compared between the LN-negative and LN-positive groups using Chi-square test, t-test or Mann–Whitney U test for categorical variables or quantitative parameters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with tenfold cross-validation was performed to establish the most efficient predictive model in the training cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the predictive model, and differences in AUC were determined by the DeLong test. Moreover, the predictive model was validated in the validation cohort. Repeatability analysis was performed for LNs using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). In the training cohort, long diameter (LD) had the highest AUC as an independent factors compared to other parameter in differentiating LN positivity from LN negativity (p = 0.006 to p < 0.001), and the AUC of predictive model jointly involving LD and λHU-AP was significantly elevated (AUC of 0.816, p < 0.001). While the AUC of predictive model in the validation cohort was 0.786. Good to excellent repeatability was observed for all parameters (ICC > 0.75). The combination of DLCT with morphological and functional parameters may represent a potential imaging biomarker for detecting LN positivity in lymphoma.
Electric field tuning of a nickel zinc ferrite resonator by non-linear magnetoelectric effects
Authors: Popov Maksym , Machi Alexander , Inman Jerad , Bidthanapally Rao , Saha Sujoy , Qu Hongwei , Jain Menka , Page Michael R. , Srinivasan Gopalan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe nature of nonlinear magnetoelectric (NLME) effect has been investigated at room-temperature in a single-crystal Zn substituted nickel ferrite. Tuning of the frequency of magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) modes under an applied pulsed DC electric field/current has been utilized to probe the effect. The frequencies of the modes at 8–20 GHz were found to decrease by ~ 400 MHz for an applied DC power P of ~ 100 mW and the frequency shift was the same for all of the MSSW modes and linearly proportional to P. A model is proposed for the effect and the NLME phenomenon was interpreted in terms of a reduction in the saturation magnetization due to the DC current. The decrease of magnetization with applied electric power, estimated from data on mode frequency versus P, was − 2.50 G/mW. The frequency tuning efficiency of the MSSW modes due to NLME effects in the ferrite resonator was found to be 4.1 MHz/mW which is an order of magnitude higher than the shift reported for M-type strontium and barium hexaferrite resonators investigated earlier. The spinel ferrite resonator discussed here has the potential for miniature, electric field tunable, planar microwave devices for the 8–20 GHz frequency range.
Insights into next generation sequencing guided antibody selection strategies
Authors: Erasmus M. Frank , Ferrara Fortunato , D’Angelo Sara , Spector Laura , Leal-Lopes Camila , Teixeira André A. , Sørensen Jesper , Nagpal Suhani , Perea-Schmittle Kathryn , Choudhary Alok , Honnen William , Calianese David , Antonio Rodriguez Carnero Luis , Cocklin Simon , Greiff Victor , Pinter Abraham , Bradbury Andrew R. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTherapeutic antibody discovery often relies on in-vitro display methods to identify lead candidates. Assessing selected output diversity traditionally involves random colony picking and Sanger sequencing, which has limitations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a cost-effective solution with increased read depth, allowing a comprehensive understanding of diversity. Our study establishes NGS guidelines for antibody drug discovery, demonstrating its advantages in expanding the number of unique HCDR3 clusters, broadening the number of high affinity antibodies, expanding the total number of antibodies recognizing different epitopes, and improving lead prioritization. Surprisingly, our investigation into the correlation between NGS-derived frequencies of CDRs and affinity revealed a lack of association, although this limitation could be moderately mitigated by leveraging NGS clustering, enrichment and/or relative abundance across different regions to enhance lead prioritization. This study highlights NGS benefits, offering insights, recommendations, and the most effective approach to leverage NGS in therapeutic antibody discovery.
A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for a vehicle scheduling problem with soft time windows
Authors: Qiao Jinwei , Li Shuzan , Liu Ming , Yang Zhi , Chen Jun , Liu Pengbo , Li Huiling , Ma Chi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article constructed a vehicle scheduling problem (VSP) with soft time windows for a certain ore company. VSP is a typical NP-hard problem whose optimal solution can not be obtained in polynomial time, and the basic particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm has the obvious shortcoming of premature convergence and stagnation by falling into local optima. Thus, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) was proposed in this paper for the numerical calculation to overcome the characteristics of the optimization problem such as: multiple constraints and NP-hard. The algorithm introduced the “elite reverse” strategy into population initialization, proposed an improved adaptive strategy by combining the subtraction function and “ladder strategy” to adjust inertia weight, and added a “jump out” mechanism to escape local optimal. Thus, the proposed algorithm can realize an accurate and rapid solution of the algorithm’s global optimization. Finally, this article made typical benchmark functions experiment and vehicle scheduling simulation to verify the algorithm performance. The experimental results of typical benchmark functions proved that the search accuracy and performance of the MPSO algorithm are superior to other algorithms: the basic PSO, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), and the chaotic PSO (CPSO). Besides, the MPSO algorithm can improve an ore company’s profit by 48.5–71.8% compared with the basic PSO in the vehicle scheduling simulation.
Polygonum barbatum extract reduces colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via YAP and β-catenin pathway regulation
Authors: Chang Pi-Kai , Yen I-Chuan , Tsai Wei-Cheng , Lee Shih-Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with novel therapeutic developmental challenges. Polygonum barbatum has anticancer potential, but its mechanism(s) are unclear. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of P. barbatum on human CRC cells. Polygonum barbatum extract (PBE) and quercetin standard HPLC fingerprints were determined using analytical RP-HPLC and evaluations were completed using the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 (KRASG13D mutation) and HT-29 (BRAF mutation) cells. Post-PBE treatment, cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as changes in the whole-transcriptome of cells were analyzed. PBE significantly reduced CRC cell growth, migration, and invasion, and the genes responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell motility, and cell growth were suppressed by PBE. The differentially expressed genes revealed that PBE treatment exerted a significant effect on the ECM interaction and focal adhesion pathways. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, N-cadherin, vimentin, SLUG, and SNAIL, were shown to be regulated by PBE. These effects were associated with blockade of the Yes-associated protein and the GSK3β/β-catenin axis. PBE exerts a significant inhibitory effect on CRC cells and may be applicable in clinical trials.
A detailed study on genetic diversity, antioxidant machinery, and expression profile of drought-responsive genes in rice genotypes exposed to artificial osmotic stress
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bijoya , Ali Akib , Rangappa Krishnappa , Choudhury Burhan U. , Mishra V. K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeasonal variations in rainfall patterns, particularly during sowing, early growing season, and flowering, drastically affect rice production in northeastern India. However, sensitivity to drought stress is genotype-specific. Since 80% of the land in this region is used for rice production, it is crucial to understand how they have adapted to water stress. This study evaluated 112 rice genotypes grown in NE India for seed germination percentage and seedling development under PEG-mediated drought stress. Among the rice genotype, Sahbhagi dhan, RCPL-1-82, Bhalum-3 and RCPL-1-128 showed drought-tolerant traits, while Ketaki Joha, Chakhao, Chandan, RCPL-1-185 and IR-64 were the most drought-sensitive rice genotypes. Drought-tolerant rice also showed significantly higher seed germination potential, proline content, antioxidant activity and expression of drought-responsive genes than drought-sensitive rice genotypes. A similar expression pattern of genes was also observed in the rice genotype treated with a 50% water deficit in pot culture. In addition, drought stress reduced the pollen fertility and yield per plant in sensitive rice genotypes. Molecular markers associated with drought stress were also used to characterize genetic diversity among the rice genotypes studied.
Superlensing enables radio communication and imaging underwater
Authors: Smolyaninov Igor I. , Balzano Quirino , Barry Mark , Young Dendy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWireless radio communications provide a backbone to our technological civilization. However, radio communications are widely believed to be impossible in many situations where radios are surrounded by conductive media, such as underwater or underground, thus making ocean exploration difficult and creating well-known mine safety problems. In addition, since most imaging techniques rely on electromagnetic waves, the difficulty of electromagnetic wave propagation through biological tissues, which are mostly made of water, also severely limits bioimaging. Here we show that contrary to common beliefs, radio signals may be efficiently propagated through water over useful distances. Both radio communication and radio imaging through water may be enabled by superlensing of surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the water surface. We have demonstrated underwater radio communication over distances of several hundred skin depth in the MHz frequency range, which would require sensitivity below 10−100 W in a conventional radio communication channel. We also demonstrated subwavelength super-resolution radio imaging in the GHz range by using water surface as a superlens. Our results indicate new ways to perform bioimaging, as well as marine life safe techniques of wireless radio communication and imaging underwater, which are essential for ocean and seafloor exploration. We also anticipate that the developed techniques will provide invaluable means of studying the extraterrestrial water worlds, such as potentially inhabitable Jovian moons.
Learning inverse kinematics using neural computational primitives on neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Zhao Jingyue , Monforte Marco , Indiveri Giacomo , Bartolozzi Chiara , Donati Elisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrent low-latency neuromorphic processing systems hold great potential for developing autonomous artificial agents. However, the variable nature and low precision of the underlying hardware substrate pose severe challenges for robust and reliable performance. To address these challenges, we adopt hardware-friendly processing strategies based on brain-inspired computational primitives, such as triplet spike-timing dependent plasticity, basal ganglia-inspired disinhibition, and cooperative-competitive networks and apply them to motor control. We demonstrate this approach by presenting an example of robust online motor control using a hardware spiking neural network implemented on a mixed-signal neuromorphic processor, trained to learn the inverse kinematics of a two-joint robotic arm. The final system is able to perform low-latency control robustly and reliably using noisy silicon neurons. The spiking neural network, trained to control two joints of the iCub robot arm simulator, performs a continuous target-reaching task with 97.93% accuracy, 33.96 ms network latency, 102.1 ms system latency, and with an estimated power consumption of 26.92 μW during inference (control). This work provides insights into how specific computational primitives used by real neural systems can be applied to neuromorphic computing for solving real-world engineering tasks. It represents a milestone in the design of end-to-end spiking robotic control systems, relying on event-driven sensory encoding, neuromorphic processing, and spiking motor control.
Smooth kinematic and metallicity gradients reveal that the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster and disc might be part of the same structure
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Schödel R. , Sormani M. C. , de Lorenzo-Cáceres A. , Mastrobuono-Battisti A. , Schultheis M. , Neumayer N. , Rich R. M. , Nieuwmunster N. 
Published: October 2023

Context.The innermost regions of most galaxies are characterised by the presence of extremely dense nuclear star clusters. Nevertheless, these clusters are not the only stellar component present in galactic nuclei, where larger stellar structures known as nuclear stellar discs, have also been found. Understanding the relation between nuclear star clusters and nuclear stellar discs is challenging due to the large distance towards other galaxies which limits their analysis to integrated light. The Milky Way’s centre, at only ∼8 kpc, hosts a nuclear star cluster and a nuclear stellar disc, constituting a unique template to understand their relation and formation scenario.Aims.We aim to study the kinematics and stellar metallicity of stars from the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster and disc to shed light on the relation between these two Galactic centre components.Methods.We used publicly available photometric, proper motions, and spectroscopic catalogues to analyse a region of ∼2.8′×4.9′ centred on the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster. We built colour magnitude diagrams, and applied colour cuts to analyse the kinematic and metallicity distributions of Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster and disc stars with different extinction, along the line of sight.Results.We detect kinematic and metallicity gradients for the analysed stars along the line of sight towards the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster, suggesting a smooth transition between the nuclear stellar disc and cluster. We also find a bi-modal metallicity distribution for all the analysed colour bins, which is compatible with previous work on the bulk population of the nuclear stellar disc and cluster. Our results suggest that these two Galactic centre components might be part of the same structure with the Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disc being the grown edge of the nuclear star cluster.
Participle-for-preterite variation in Tyneside English
Authors: Serbicki Sofia , Lan Ruijin , Duncan Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Variable use of the canonical participle for the canonical preterite is attested cross-dialectally in English.
However, most variationist studies of this phenomenon focus on variability for one or a few verbs rather than the full set of
verbs with canonically distinct preterites and participles. This study examines participle-for-preterite variation across this
full set of verbs in Tyneside English. We find that variability is lexically and morphophonologically restricted, and overall
subject to change from above toward use of the canonical preterite. At the same time, there may be a countervailing trend in which
low-frequency verbs that form the participle by changing the stressed vowel to /ʌ/ are changing toward usage of the participle for
the preterite. We suggest that the pattern of variation indicates that, although the canonical forms of two categories are
varying, the categories themselves remain distinct in speakers’ grammars.
A discourse dynamics exploration of terminology for Covid-19 in professional and public discourse
Authors: Dong Jihua , Dong Shuai , Buckingham Louisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study identified terminology used in academia and media relating to Covid-19 and traced its development across 20 months from a discourse dynamics perspective. The cross-corpus comparison identified significant differences between the two corpora in the use of terminology relating to Covid-19, thereby signaling the particularities of the two communities towards the same social event. The dynamic analysis reveals a non-linear trajectory in the use of terminology in both corpora and an evolving developmental pattern in the construction of the specialized text. The analysis shows that the use of terminology evolves with social change, which can contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of terminology development. Methodologically, this study further demonstrates the viability of discourse dynamic approaches in analyzing the linguistic features of a social event.
Estimation of plasma parameter profiles and their derivatives from linear observations by using Gaussian processes
Authors: Nishizawa T , Tokuda S , Kobayashi T , Tanaka K , Funaba H , Yamada I , Takemura Y , Tokuzawa T , Yasuhara R , Uehara H , Ida K , Takahashi H , Kawachi Y , Inagaki S , Kado S , Sasaki M , Fujisawa A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gaussian process regression (GPR) has been utilized to provide fast and robust estimates of plasma parameter profiles and their derivatives. We present an alternative GPR technique that performs profile regression analyses based on arbitrary linear observations. This method takes into account finite spatial resolution of diagnostics by introducing a sensitivity matrix. In addition, the profiles of interest and their derivatives can be estimated in the form of a multivariate normal distribution even when only integrated quantities are observable. We show that this GPR provides meaningful measurements of the electron density profile and its derivative in a toroidal plasma by utilizing only ten line-integrated data points given that the locations of magnetic flux surfaces are known.
MEG II physics and detector performance
Authors: Chiappini M. ,   the MEG II collaboration
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the panorama of the state-of-the-art searches for extremely rare Charged Lepton Flavor Violating (CLFV) processes, the Mu-E-Gamma (MEG) experiment is definitely a reference point in the intensity frontier of modern physics research, setting the best upper limit on the μ
+ → e
+
γ decay. The upgrade of MEG, MEG II, wants to give further impetus to the CLFV searches with muons. MEG II relies on a series of upgrades: on the photon side we point up improvements of the γ detector resolutions and acceptance; on the positron side we rely on completely brand new detectors with better acceptance, efficiency and performances; on the Trigger and Data Acquisition (DAQ) side we are able to exploit a higher muon beam intensity despite the increased number of read out channels thanks to a new and optimized electronics. After three years of commissioning, in 2021 the MEG II experiment finally entered the physics data taking phase. An overview of the MEG II physics and experimental contexts is presented, together with the current detector performances based on data. Thanks to the new experimental apparatus the final sensitivity goal is expected to be one order of magnitude better than the first phase of MEG.
Puzzles in the hadronic contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment
Authors: Stoffer Peter , Colangelo Gilberto , Hoferichter Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We summarize recent developments in the Standard-Model evaluation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon aμ
, both in the hadronic-light-by-light and hadronic-vacuum-polarization contributions. The current situation for the latter is puzzling as we are confronted with multiple discrepancies that are not yet understood. We present updated fits of a dispersive representation of the pion vector form factor to the new CMD-3 data set and quantify the tensions with the other high-statistics e
+
e
- → π
+
π
- experiments in the contribution to aμ
in the energy range up to 1 GeV, as well as in the corresponding contribution to the intermediate Euclidean window.
See ref. [1] for an extended version of this contribution.