bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCYTHIAN SETTLEMENTS ON THE PUTIVL PROMONTORIES
Authors: Karavaiko D. V. , Osadchyi Ye. M. 
Published: November 2023

Twenty-six sites of the Early Iron Age are known in the middle flow of the Seim River. There are more than four dozen unfortified settlements here. They are located very close to the residential settlement, on the dunes in the floodplain, on the first promontories above the floodplain. Settlements within the modern city of Putivl are somewhat distinct. First of all, it is extremely difficult to ascertain their size. Powerful layers of later time are traced on them. Research is difficult because of the massive building-up of the city.
Materials of the Scythian Age were found on six sites: Kopteva Gora settlement, Monastyrsky Cape, Kinder House settlement, Gorodok, Nikolskaya Gorka and Molokozavod settlement. The sites were discovered on three capes, one household pit on each. The cultural layer was preserved only within the Molokozavod.
All settlements are located on the promontories. It is possible that some of them had fortifications in the Early Iron Age, which were destroyed tracelessly by the late reconstruction. The existence of a settlement on the cape of Nikolskaya Gorka is most probable. A lot of Scythian ceramics were found here. The Molokozavod settlement was probably synchronous, and it was a single complex together with the fortified site. Judging by the ceramics, it ought to be preliminarily dated to the 5th—4th century BC.
Some settlements of Putivl Seim basin are located in pairs. One of them simultaneously remained uninhabited or unfinished. It is possible that such a pair of settlements existed within Putivl. Perhaps the uninhabited satellite of Nikolskaya Gorka was a hill-fort Gorodok.
Six sites of the Scythian Age are considered within the modern Putivl. The conclusions made in the paper are no more than an assumption. This is primarily due to the paucity of material and the degree of preservation of monuments of the Early Iron Age. The most promising for future research are Nikolskaya Gorka and Molokozavod settlement. However, we can’t hope for significant results in the study of Early Iron Age antiquities on the territory of Putivl.
Discovery of a Low-redshift Hot Dust-obscured Galaxy
Authors: Li Guodong , Tsai Chao-Wei , Stern Daniel , Wu Jingwen , Assef Roberto J. , Blain Andrew W. , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Eisenhardt Peter R. M. , Griffith Roger L. , Jarrett Thomas H. , Jun Hyunsung D. , Lake Sean E. , Saade M. Lynne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We report the discovery of the hyperluminous, highly obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) WISE J190445.04+485308.9 (W1904+4853, hereafter, L
bol ∼ 1.1 × 1013
L
⊙) at z = 0.415. Its well-sampled spectral energy distribution (SED) is dominated by infrared dust emission, though broad emission lines are detected in the optical spectra. These features suggest that W1904+4853 contains an actively accreting supermassive black hole hidden in its dusty cocoon, resembling the observed properties of hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs), a population previously only identified at z > 1.0. Using the broad component of the Mg ii 2798 Å emission line, we estimate a black hole mass of

log
(

M

BH

/

M

⊙

)
=
8.4
±
0.4

. The corresponding Eddington ratio (η) of

1.4

−
0.7

+
1.3

implies that the central black hole accretion is at the theoretical limit of isotropic accretion. The rest-frame UV-optical SED also indicates that the host galaxy of W1904+4853 harbors strong star formation activity at the rate of 6–84 M
⊙ yr−1 with an independent estimate of star formation rate up to ∼45 M
⊙ yr−1 using the [O ii] emission line. With an estimated stellar mass of 3 × 1010
M
⊙, the host galaxy appears to be a starburst system with respect to the main sequence of the star-forming galaxies at the same redshift. Although blueshifted and asymmetric [O iii] emission provides evidence of an outflow, we estimate it to be an order of magnitude smaller than the star formation rate, indicating that the current obscured AGN activity at the center has not yet produced significant feedback on the host galaxy star formation activity. W1904+4853 supports the interpretation that Hot DOGs are a rare transitional phase of AGN accretion in galaxy evolution, a phase that can persist into the present-day Universe.
Interplanetary Signatures during the 1972 Early August Solar Storms
Authors: Cid Consuelo , Saiz Elena , Flores-Soriano Manuel , Knipp Delores J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1972, early August, a series of interplanetary shocks were observed in the heliosphere from 0.8 to 2.2 au. These shocks were attributed to a series of brilliant flares and plasma clouds since at that time coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their interplanetary counterparts (ICMEs) were unknown to the scientific community. This paper aims to reinterpret the interplanetary data in light of the current understanding about interplanetary transients and to track the evolution of the ICMEs, taking advantage of the alignment of Pioneers 9 and 10 spacecraft. For this purpose, we reanalyze in situ data from these two Pioneers and also from Heos, Prognoz 1 and 2, and Explorer 41 spacecraft searching for ICMEs and high-speed streams. Then we assemble the interplanetary transients and solar activity and analyze the propagation of the ejections through the heliosphere. The evolution of four ICMEs and a high-speed stream from a low-latitude coronal hole is followed using the multipoint in situ observations. The first three ICMEs show clear signatures of ICME–ICME interaction in the interplanetary medium, suggesting the first observations of an ICME which developed into an ICME-in-the-sheath. For a non-perturbed ICME event, we obtain the evolution parameter, ζ, related to the local expansion of ICMEs, getting similar values for Pioneer 9 (ζ = 0.80) and Pioneer 10 (ζ = 0.78). These results support previous findings of ζ being independent of the heliocentric distance and the magnetic field strength decreasing as r
−2ζ
.
Updated Observing Scenarios and Multimessenger Implications for the International Gravitational-wave Networks O4 and O5
Authors: Kiendrebeogo R. Weizmann , Farah Amanda M. , Foley Emily M. , Gray Abigail , Kunert Nina , Puecher Anna , Toivonen Andrew , VandenBerg R. Oliver , Anand Shreya , Ahumada Tomás , Karambelkar Viraj , Coughlin Michael W. , Dietrich Tim , Kam S. Zacharie , Pang Peter T. H. , Singer Leo P. , Sravan Niharika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An advanced LIGO and Virgo’s third observing run brought another binary neutron star merger (BNS) and the first neutron-star black hole mergers. While no confirmed kilonovae were identified in conjunction with any of these events, continued improvements of analyses surrounding GW170817 allow us to project constraints on the Hubble Constant (H
0), the Galactic enrichment from r-process nucleosynthesis, and ultra-dense matter possible from forthcoming events. Here, we describe the expected constraints based on the latest expected event rates from the international gravitational-wave network and analyses of GW170817. We show the expected detection rate of gravitational waves and their counterparts, as well as how sensitive potential constraints are to the observed numbers of counterparts. We intend this analysis as support for the community when creating scientifically driven electromagnetic follow-up proposals. During the next observing run O4, we predict an annual detection rate of electromagnetic counterparts from BNS of

0.43

−
0.26

+
0.58

(

1.97

−
1.2

+
2.68

) for the Zwicky Transient Facility (Rubin Observatory).
TREX: Kinematic Characterization of a High-dispersion Intermediate-age Stellar Component in M33
Authors: Cullinane L. R. , Gilbert Karoline M. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Quirk A. C. N. , Escala Ivanna , Smercina Adam , Williams Benjamin F. , Tollerud Erik , Qu Jessamine , McConnell Kaela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dwarf galaxy Triangulum (M33) presents an interesting testbed for studying stellar halo formation: it is sufficiently massive so as to have likely accreted smaller satellites, but also lies within the regime where feedback and other “in situ” formation mechanisms are expected to play a role. In this work, we analyze the line-of-sight kinematics of stars across M33 from the TREX survey, with a view to understanding the origin of its halo. We split our sample into two broad populations of varying age, comprising 2032 “old” red giant branch stars and 671 “intermediate-age” asymptotic giant branch and carbon stars. We find decisive evidence for two distinct kinematic components in both the old and intermediate-age populations: a low-dispersion (∼22 km s−1) disk-like component corotating with M33's H i gas and a significantly higher-dispersion component (∼50–60 km s−1) that does not rotate in the same plane as the gas and is thus interpreted as M33's stellar halo. While kinematically similar, the fraction of stars associated with the halo component differs significantly between the two populations: this is consistently ∼10% for the intermediate-age population, but decreases from ∼34% to ∼10% as a function of radius for the old population. We additionally find evidence that the intermediate-age halo population is systematically offset from the systemic velocity of M33 by ∼25 km s−1, with a preferred central LOS velocity of ∼ − 155 km s−1. This is the first detection and characterization of an intermediate-age halo in M33, and suggests in situ formation mechanisms, as well as potentially tidal interactions, have helped shaped it.
Delayed Massive-star Mechanical Feedback at Low Metallicity
Authors: Jecmen Michelle C. , Oey M. S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The classical model of massive-star mechanical feedback is based on effects at solar metallicity (Z
⊙), yet feedback parameters are very different at low metallicity. Metal-poor stellar winds are much weaker, and more massive supernova progenitors likely collapse directly to black holes without exploding. Thus, for ∼0.4 Z
⊙ we find reductions in the total integrated mechanical energy and momentum of ∼40% and 75%, respectively, compared to values classically expected at solar metallicity. But in particular, these changes effectively delay the onset of mechanical feedback until ages of ∼10 Myr. Feedback from high-mass X-ray binaries could slightly increase mechanical luminosity between ages 5 and 10 Myr, but it is stochastic and unlikely to be significant on this timescale. Stellar dynamical mechanisms remove most massive stars from clusters well before 10 Myr, which would further promote this effect; this process is exacerbated by gas retention implied by weak feedback. Delayed mechanical feedback implies that radiation feedback therefore dominates at early ages, which is consistent with the observed absence of superwinds in some extreme starbursts. This scenario may lead to higher star formation efficiencies, multiple stellar populations in clusters, and higher Lyman continuum escape. This could explain the giant star-forming complexes in metal-poor galaxies and the small sizes of OB superbubble shells relative to their inferred ages. It could also drive modest effects on galactic chemical evolution, including on oxygen abundances. Thus, delayed low-metallicity mechanical feedback may have broad implications, including for early cosmic epochs.
Circumnuclear Multiphase Gas in the Circinus Galaxy. V. The Origin of the X-Ray Polarization in the Circinus Galaxy
Authors: Tanimoto Atsushi , Wada Keiichi , Kudoh Yuki , Odaka Hirokazu , Uematsu Ryosuke , Ogawa Shoji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) detected X-ray polarization in the nearest Seyfert 2 galaxy, the Circinus galaxy, for the first time. To reproduce the IXPE results, we computed the degree of polarization based on two types of radiative hydrodynamic simulations: a parsec-scale three-dimensional model and a sub-parsec-scale axisymmetric model with a higher spatial resolution. In a series of papers, we confirmed that these models naturally explain the multiwavelength observations of the Circinus galaxy from radio to X-rays. We used a Monte Carlo Simulation for Astrophysics and Cosmology code to compute the linear polarization of continuum emission. We found that the degree of polarization based on the parsec-scale radiation-driven fountain model was smaller than that observed with the IXPE. The degree of polarization based on the sub-parsec-scale model depends on the hydrogen number density of the disk (d), and the degree of polarization obtained from our simulation is consistent with that observed with the IXPE in the case of

log
d

/

cm

−
3

≥
13

. We investigate where the photons are Compton scattered and imply that the origin of the X-ray polarization in the Circinus galaxy is the outflow inside 0.01 pc. In this case, the degree of polarization may change over a timescale of approximately 10 yr.
Коронавирусот кај бремени пациентки и нивните клинички исходи – резултати од студија на случај-контрола
Authors: Кадриу Ромир , Демири Илир , Димитров Горан 
Published: November 2023

ОСНОВА: Избувнувањето на КОВИД-19, предизвикано од новиот коронавирус САРС-КоВ-2, поттикна обемни истражувачки напори за разбирање на неговите разновидни клинички презентации и влијанија врз различни популации на пациенти. Меѓу овие популации, бремените жени привлекоа значително внимание поради загриженоста за потенцијалните последици од КОВИД-19 за време на бременоста.
ЦЕЛ: Примарната цел на оваа студија е да одреди дали бремените пациентки со САРС-КоВ-2 искусиле различни исходи од небремени пациентки на иста возраст, во однос на исходите од акутната епизода, како потреба од кислородна терапија и исход од лекувањето. Секундарна цел на студијата е да се одреди присуството на ризик факторите за исход од инфекција со САРС-КоВ-2, како присуството на коморбидитети, но и нивото на различни лабораториски маркери за време на хоспиталниот престој, и нивните разлики помеѓу случаите и контролите.
МЕТОДИ: Како случаи беа дефинирани пациентките кои имаа 1) наод кој ја потврдува нивната бременост (ултразвучен наод) достапен во нивната документација или електронски картон, 2) позитивен тест за САРС-КоВ-2, базиран на PCR-метода, како и 3) симптоматологија од горниот респираторен систем или системски знаци. Како контролни пациентки беа дефинирани исто како случаите, но со податок дека не се бремени. За време на болничкиот престој, кај сите пациенти беа рутински одредувани повеќекратни лабораториски мерења на параметри од периферна крв, вклучувајќи комплетна крвна слика (еритроцити, леукоцити, тромбоцити и диференцијална крвна слика), ц-реактивен протеин, активност на лактатна дехидрогеназа и ниво на д-димери. Статистичката анализа беше спроведена со користење на соодветен софтвер (SPSS). За да се сумираат карактеристиките на испитуваната популација се користеа описни статистички податоци, вклучувајќи средини, стандардни отстапувања и проценти.
РЕЗУЛТАТИ: Најдени се статистички значајно помали вредности кај бремените жени за заситување со кислород и бројот на тромбоцити, додека е најдено статистички значајно зголемување на бројот на леукоцити, Д-димери, уреа и глукоза. Постојат статистички значајни разлики анализирани со Хи-квадрат тест кај варијаблите неинвазивна вентилација, специфична терапија за корона (remdesivir, tocilizumab, favipiravir), шеќерна болест и друга дијагноза која може да влијае на исходот од САРС-КоВ-2.
ЗАКЛУЧОЦИ: Овие наоди покажуваат дека бремените жени може да имаат различни клинички профили кога се погодени од КОВИД-19, нагласувајќи ја важноста на приспособените стратегии за здравствена заштита за оваа популација.
Quelles poursuites internationales des crimes commis en Ukraine ?
Authors: Maison Rafaëlle 
Published: November 2023

Loin d’un engouement « international » pour la poursuite des crimes commis en Ukraine, nous sommes en présence d’une forte pression occidentale. Cette pression soulève différents problèmes. L’insistance européenne et états-unienne risque d’alimenter la réserve d’États non-occidentaux vis-à-vis de la Cour pénale internationale et fait craindre une fragilisation des enquêtes qu’elle mène sur d’autres situations. La licéité des poursuites pour crimes de guerre visant le Président russe récemment annoncées par la Cour pénale internationale est incertaine dès lors, notamment, que le conflit en Ukraine n’a pas fait l’objet d’un renvoi par le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies, qu’il concerne deux États non-parties au Statut de la Cour, et que le travail de celle-ci paraît grandement influencé par un troisième État non-partie, les États-Unis. Enfin, l’impossibilité pour la juridiction pénale internationale de se saisir du crime d’agression, dont la définition est d’ailleurs très stricte au regard des précédents de Nuremberg et de Tokyo, conduit les États occidentaux à contourner la Cour en proposant la création d’un Tribunal ad hoc, au risque de modifier l’état du droit international tel que consacré dans la Charte des Nations Unies.
L’indétermination démocratique à l’épreuve de l’anthropocène
Authors: Guillout Lauriane 
Published: November 2023

La notion d’anthropocène suscite des interprétations variables et contradictoires. Certaines lectures annoncent l’avénement d’un « âge de l’homme ». D’autres comprennent l’anthropocène comme un point de rupture géologique qui requiert une réinvention politique pour assurer la prise en compte des non-humains dans nos sociétés. Ainsi comprise, cette notion devient porteuse d’une injonction au changement. Dans le cadre de cet article, il s’agira de prendre cette injonction au sérieux en l’investissant comme une occasion pour mettre à l’épreuve l’une des thèses centrales de Claude Lefort : celle d’une « indétermination » de nos démocraties modernes qui feraient d’elles des sociétés capables de se réinventer dans une ouverture et une disponibilité constantes aux turbulences historiques. Cette interrogation sera conduite en prêtant attention à une métamorphose politico-juridique qui s’accomplit actuellement, hors des frontières de la modernité démocratique occidentale, sous la forme d’une consécration des droits de la nature.
An Algorithmic Rule to Solve the Extended Ibn Ezra – Rabad Problem: Recursive Constrained Unanimity
Authors: de Mesnard Louis 
Published: November 2023

Nous examinons la règle d’Ibn Ezra – Rabad historiquement utilisée pour résoudre le problème « d’arbitrage des droits » quand la plus grande des demandes est égale à l’actif. Pour le problème étendu d’Ibn Ezra – Rabad, c.a.d., quand la plus grande des demandes est inférieure à l’actif, nous proposons une typologie des règles de résolution du problème en fonction de leur nature récursive : a) règles non récursives : Attributions Égales sous Contrainte et Pertes Égales sous Contrainte ; b) règles semirécursives : Unanimité sur l’Écart de Réclamation, Dictature sur l’Écart de Réclamation ; c) règles qui combinent les règles non récursives et semi-récursives : Chevauchement Minimal et Chevauchement Minimal Résiduel ; d) règles récursives : aujourd’hui la catégorie est vide ; et e) règles récursives-itératives : la Valeur Généralisée d’Ibn Ezra. Nous proposons alors une règle récursive, l’Unanimité Contrainte Récursive. Comme la Valeur Généralisée d’Ibn Ezra, elle étend la règle d’Ibn Ezra – Rabad et remplit les axiomes d’efficacité et de limitation des créances. Contrairement à la Valeur Généralisée d’Ibn Ezra, elle ne présente pas de problèmes de convergence lorsque la valeur de l’actif est proche du total des demandes. JEL classification : C7, D31
Continuing Education: Improving Athletic Trainers’ Knowledge of Musculoskeletal Diagnostic Ultrasound Through a Physician-Led Longitudinal Ultrasound Course
Authors: Schroeder Allison N. , Johnson Wade O. , Jelsing Elena J. , Williams Amanda L. , Pinkney Joshua J. , Asplund Chad A. , Kruse Ryan C. 
Published: November 2023

Context
Musculoskeletal (MSK) diagnostic ultrasound (US) is increasingly being utilized by physicians to evaluate athletes in outpatient clinics, on the sidelines, and in athletic training facilities. Having a thorough understanding of MSK US will help athletic trainers (ATs) better assist physicians who perform MSK US.

Objective
To determine if a longitudinal 6-month MSK anatomy and US course would increase ATs’ ability to acquire, label, and optimize US images of normal structures and improve their overall confidence in assisting with performing US and to determine if demographic factors, work-related factors, or higher self-reported confidence was associated with better performance.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Academic institution.

Other Participants
Seventeen ATs working with sports medicine physicians at 3 institutions.

Interventions
Longitudinal 6-month MSK anatomy and US course.

Main Outcome Measures
Ultrasound image scores (normal structures scored on a 5-point scale) were assessed precourse, during the course, and postcourse. Scores were compared across time points for the assessed body regions (knee, ankle/foot, shoulder, elbow/wrist/hand, and hip). Associations with demographic factors, US experience, and AT self-reported confidence were explored.

Results
Seventeen ATs completed the course. There was a significant difference among the average overall precourse (average: 1.34/5, range: 0/5 to 4.23/5), during-course (average = 3.53/5; range, 2.6/5 to 4.37/5), and postcourse (average = 3.83/5; range, 2.33/5 to 4.67/5) image scores [χ2(2) = 24.47, P &lt; .001]. There was a significant positive correlation between the numbers of days (rs[17] = 0.62, P = .01) and hours (rs[17] = 0.55, P = .02) per week that the AT spent observing or performing US scanning and the postcourse overall image scores. The ATs’ confidence in identifying structures when they scan and postcourse overall image scores were marginally correlated but not significant (rs[17] = 0.47, P = .06).

Conclusions
A comprehensive longitudinal MSK diagnostic US course may have resulted in significant improvements in an AT’s ability to acquire, label, and optimize US images of normal MSK structures that are commonly injured by active persons.
The effect of lower limb wearable resistance on kicking kinematics and kinetics during a martial art's front kick performance
Authors: Nie Sharon Yeap Sze , Mohamad Nur Ikhwan 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Wearable resistance works best with lighter load, but appropriate loading range is debatable.

Objective:
It is the main purpose of this study to investigate the kinematics and kinetics effect of wearable resistance (WR), when loaded on the lower limb body part during a martial arts front kick performance.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen female martial arts athletes aged between 20 and 25 years old with body mass (BM) between 40 kg to 55 kg were recruited. Subjects were required to perform three repetitions for each condition: Unloaded (UL), calf loaded (CL) 3% BM and calf and thigh loaded (CTL) 3% BM in a randomised order that made up total 9 repetitions. Velocity, force and power were collected and used to assess the kinematic and kinetics of kicking executions using Kinovea Two-dimensional Motion Analysis Software. Data were statistically analysed to produce neural and mechanical profiles of the front kick, and comparisons of the outputs were made by using repeated-measure one-way analysis of variance test.

Results:
Overall, the results showed no significant differences within three WR conditions. Besides, the results also showed no significant difference when comparing between velocity, force and power for all three WR conditions.

Conclusion:
Evidently, 3% BM loading is still insufficient to observe the improvement. Most important, similar results obtained regardless of WR load placement location on the leg during front kick performance.

Recommendation:
In summary, researcher suggested that both loaded conditions more than 3% BM and below 30 kg might be sufficient and also effective for improving the front kick performance as well as future study should include the element of impulse–momentum to ensure the result can be more applicable to the competitive combat sports.