bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the total SOFA score in patients ≥ 80 years old acutely admitted to intensive care units: a post-hoc analysis of the VIP2 prospective, international cohort study
Authors: Polok Kamil , Fronczek Jakub , Putowski Zbigniew , Czok Marcelina , Guidet Bertrand , Jung Christian , de Lange Dylan , Leaver Susannah , Moreno Rui , Flatten Hans , Szczeklik Wojciech 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the performance of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in older critically ill adults. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of physiological disturbances in the six organ systems included in the SOFA score.

Methods
We analysed previously collected data from a prospective cohort study conducted between 2018 and 2019 in 22 countries. Consecutive patients ≥ 80 years old acutely admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) were eligible for inclusion. Patients were followed up for 30 days after admission to the ICU. We used logistic regression to study the association between increasing severity of organ dysfunction and mortality.

Results
The median SOFA score among 3882 analysed patients was equal to 6 (IQR: 4–9). Mortality was equal to 26.1% (95% CI 24.7–27.5%) in the ICU and 38.7% (95% CI 37.1–40.2%) at day 30. Organ failure defined as a SOFA score ≥ 3 was associated with variable adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for ICU mortality dependant on the organ system affected: respiratory, 1.53 (95% CI 1.29–1.81); cardiovascular 1.69 (95% CI 1.43–2.01); hepatic, 1.74 (95% CI 0.97–3.15); renal, 1.87 (95% CI 1.48–2.35); central nervous system, 2.79 (95% CI 2.34–3.33); coagulation, 2.72 (95% CI 1.66–4.48). Modelling consecutive levels of organ dysfunction resulted in aORs equal to 0.57 (95% CI 0.33–1.00) when patients scored 2 points in the cardiovascular system and 1.01 (0.79–1.30) when the cardiovascular SOFA equalled 3.

Conclusions
Different components of the SOFA score have different prognostic implications for older critically ill adults. The cardiovascular component of the SOFA score requires revision.
Comparative efficacy of nine exercise methods on the prognosis in chronic kidney disease patients with hemodialysis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Ning , Yang Huiting , Cai Zelin , Wang Ruye , Wang Zeng , Zhao Ying , Miao Chenyun , Chen Yun , Zhang Yang , Zhu Xingyu , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Qin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Several kinds of physical activities have been applied to improve the prognosis of patients with hemodialysis (HD). However, the comparative efficacy of physical activities on the outcomes in HD patients is still unknown. This study explored the effectiveness and safety of all exercise types in HD patients.

Methods
We searched randomized clinical trials from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Physical exercises interventions included resistance exercise (RE), aerobic exercise (AE), electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), range of motion (ROM), resistance exercise + aerobic exercise (RE + AE), stretching exercise (STE), respiratory muscle training (RMT), peripheral muscle training (PMT), walking exercise (WE), or usual care/sham exercise (UC/SE). Primary outcomes were six-minute walk test (6-mwt) and quality of life (QOL). Secondary outcomes were Kt/V, VO2max, hemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (sbp and dbp). Frequentist network meta-analysis with multivariate random effects models provided mean with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results
A total of 58 eligible studies were included. AE, RMT, and RE + AE significantly improved 6-mwt compared with UC/SE. SE was the worst intervention and reduced QOL much more than the UC/SE and other exercise types. AE and RE + AE were associated with higher VO2max, while ROM and RE + AE induced higher Hb levels. All physical activities did not elevate blood pressure, CRP and IL-6. Only ROM decreased sbp/dbp. CRP is significantly lower in RE.

Conclusion
Physical activities play a crucial role in the different outcomes of HD patients. They can be applied to specific area for their specific efficacy.
An open-label pilot trial assessing tolerability and feasibility of LSD microdosing in patients with major depressive disorder (LSDDEP1)
Authors: Donegan Carina Joy , Daldegan-Bueno Dimitri , Sumner Rachael , Menkes David , Evans William , Hoeh Nicholas , Sundram Frederick , Reynolds Lisa , Ponton Rhys , Cavadino Alana , Smith Todd , Roop Partha , Allen Nathan , Abeysinghe Binu , Svirskis Darren , Forsyth Anna , Bansal Mahima , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Globally, an estimated 260 million people suffer from depression [1], and there is a clear need for the development of new, alternative antidepressant therapies. In light of problems with the tolerability and efficacy of available treatments [2], a global trend is emerging for patients to self-treat depression with microdoses of psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin [3]. Beyond anecdotal reports from those who self-medicate in this way, few clinical trials have evaluated this practice. In our recently published phase 1 study in healthy volunteers [4], we determined that LSD microdosing was relatively safe and well tolerated in that cohort. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that conducting such microdosing trials is broadly feasible, with excellent adherence and compliance to the regimen observed. In this open-label pilot trial of patients with major depressive disorder (LSDDEP1), we will test the tolerability and feasibility of an 8-week regimen of LSD microdosing in this patient group prior to a larger subsequent randomised controlled trial (LSDDEP2).

Methods
Twenty patients meeting the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder will receive an 8-week LSD microdosing treatment regimen. The treatment protocol will use a sublingual formulation of LSD (MB-22001) delivered twice per week under a titration schedule using a dose of 5–15 µg. Tolerability will be assessed by quantifying the percentage of participants who withdraw from the trial due to adverse events attributable to the treatment regimen, while feasibility will be assessed by quantifying the percentage of attended clinic visits once enrolled. To determine whether there is any antidepressant response to the LSD microdosing regimen, MADRS scores will be assessed at baseline and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the commencement of the regimen.

Discussion
The results of LSDDEP1 will provide valuable information regarding the tolerability and feasibility of a proposed LSD microdosing regimen in patients with MDD. Such information is critically important to optimise trial design prior to commencing a subsequent and more resource-intensive randomised controlled trial.

Trial registration
ANZCTR, ACTRN12623000486628. Registered on 12 May 2023.
The Fifth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit: today’s tools, tomorrow’s therapies
Authors: Chang Eric H. , Gabalski Arielle H. , Huerta Tomas S. , Datta-Chaudhuri Timir , Zanos Theodoros P. , Zanos Stavros , Grill Warren M. , Tracey Kevin J. , Al-Abed Yousef 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emerging field of bioelectronic medicine (BEM) is poised to make a significant impact on the treatment of several neurological and inflammatory disorders. With several BEM therapies being recently approved for clinical use and others in late-phase clinical trials, the 2022 BEM summit was a timely scientific meeting convening a wide range of experts to discuss the latest developments in the field. The BEM Summit was held over two days in New York with more than thirty-five invited speakers and panelists comprised of researchers and experts from both academia and industry. The goal of the meeting was to bring international leaders together to discuss advances and cultivate collaborations in this emerging field that incorporates aspects of neuroscience, physiology, molecular medicine, engineering, and technology. This Meeting Report recaps the latest findings discussed at the Meeting and summarizes the main developments in this rapidly advancing interdisciplinary field. Our hope is that this Meeting Report will encourage researchers from academia and industry to push the field forward and generate new multidisciplinary collaborations that will form the basis of new discoveries that we can discuss at the next BEM Summit.
Higher incidence of co-expression of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in an Eastern Indian population
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Mishra Vatsal , Singh Chandra Bhan , Patel Rashmi , Samrat Siddharth , Rai Madhukar , Kumar Nilesh , Tilak Vijay , Gupta Vineeta , Ali Akhtar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a haematopoietic stem cell disorder, caused by a balanced reciprocal translocation (t(9;22) (q34;q11)) that leads to the formation of BCR (Breakpoint Cluster Region)-ABL (Abelson) fusion transcripts known as Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The prevalence of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in Indian CML population is poorly understood, and few studies have been reported from India. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequencies as well as prognostic effects of the three fusion transcripts, i.e. b2a2, b3a2 and e1a2 in an Indian population.

Methods
RNA was isolated from total 123 samples, 27 bone marrow (BM) samples and 96 peripheral blood (PB) samples, of CML patient followed by cDNA synthesis. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed using TaqMan® assay (ABI, CA, USA) to monitor BCR-ABL transcript.

Results
Ph' chromosome was observed in 103 patients whereas it was not detected in 20 cases. qRT-PCR revealed that the b3a2 fusion transcripts were the most common transcript in CML patients (63.41%) while b2a2 fusion transcript was present in 16.26% cases. Co-expression of b3a2 + b2a2 fusion transcript was observed in 0.81% cases whereas co-expression of b3a2 + e1a2 fusion transcript was found in 1.63% cases. There was no correlation observed between b3a2 fusion transcript and platelet count. The fusion transcript b2a2 was observed in relatively younger patients compared to b3a2 fusion transcript. Although this correlation was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The co-expression of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts was higher (63.41% aggregate of b3a2) in the present population in contrast with other populations reported. This finding was consistent with the frequency data reported from Sudan.
Applying after-action reviews to child and family teams to improve mental health service linkage within child welfare services: a study protocol
Authors: Sklar Marisa , Kenneally Ryan , Aarons Gregory A. , Fettes Danielle L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Half of child-welfare-involved children and adolescents meet the criteria for at least one mental health diagnosis. This project proposes to improve successful mental health service linkage in child welfare services (CWS) by adapting and testing the after-action review (AAR) team effectiveness intervention to augment the child and family team (CFT) services’ intervention. Despite being both required and a collaborative approach to service planning, CFT meetings are implemented with questionable fidelity and consistency, rarely including the voice of children and families as intended.

Methods
Using a parallel group trial design, with non-equivalent comparison groups, and qualitative and quantitative methodology, this study will tailor and assess the impact of the AAR on enhancing CFT outcomes. The authors will conduct a qualitative needs assessment targeting the ongoing implementation of the CFT services intervention in a large, publicly funded, CWS system. A qualitative inquiry consisting of interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders will result in the preparation of an action plan to address identified gaps between the current and desired CFT services intervention outcomes. The AAR implementation strategy will be adapted and tailored to address the CFT services’ intervention needs. To test the effectiveness of the AAR on improving outcomes associated with the CFT services intervention, we will utilize blocked randomization of four CWS caseworkers from two CWS system regions to either the intervention condition (CFT + AAR) or standard implementation (CFT as usual). The authors will collect data from the CWS caseworkers and additional CFT members via web-based surveys. Mechanisms of the AAR team effectiveness intervention for CFT implementation will be assessed.

Discussion
By inclusion of child and family voice, the AAR-enhanced CFT should lead to increased fidelity to the CFT intervention and greater levels of parental satisfaction with the service and shared decision-making, thus resulting in enhanced follow-through with service plans and linkage to mental health treatment services for children. The knowledge gained by this randomized clinical trial has the potential to benefit service delivery and integration for CWS leaders, caseworkers, formal and informal CFT member support persons, parents/caregivers, and children with open cases. Improving intervention effectiveness, both at the system and family levels, is crucial for practice efficiencies and improved child and family outcomes.

Trial registration
NCT05629013. Approval date: November 28, 2022 (version 1).

Trial sponsor
University of California, San Diego.

Responsible party
Danielle Fettes.
Nonlinear plasmonics: second-harmonic generation and multiphoton photoluminescence
Authors: Wang Jiyong , Zhang Lei , Qiu Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study on the nonlinear optical responses arising from plasmonic nanoantennas, known as nonlinear plasmonics, has been massively investigated in recent years. Among the most basic nonlinear optical responses, second-harmonic generation (SHG) and multiphoton photoluminescence (MPL), two-photon photoluminescence in particular, has aroused extensive interests, due to their distinct properties of being ultrasensitive to the spatial symmetry and ultrafast response time of hot electrons. In this review, we give insights into fundamental roles dominating the radiations of such nonlinear optical processes and their recent research advances. Different from other reviews on nonlinear plasmonics, which mainly focused on parametric processes, this review pays equal attentions to the incoherent process of MPL. An in-depth description on the excitation and emission processes of MPL in accordance with recent studies is fully presented. By using the high ‘symmetry rule’ of SHG and ultrafast response time of MPL, advanced applications in surface enhanced spectroscopy, ultra-sensitive photodetector, biosensor and ultrafast laser pulses are highlighted in the end.
Using an Adapted Tumor Board Evaluation Tool for Quality Assessment of a Thoracic Multidisciplinary Cancer Conference: A Pilot Study
Authors: Marrara Bianca , Ibekwe Opuruiche , Masika Martin , Attwood Kristopher , Gaudioso Carmelo , Nwogu Chukwumere 
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE Multidisciplinary cancer conferences (MCCs) are crucial for the management of complex oncology patients. Tools to evaluate MCC performance are needed. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the applicability of an existing validated performance assessment tool to evaluate the quality of thoracic MCCs (T-MCCs). METHODS Data were collected from weekly T-MCCs over a 5-week period using the MCC Performance Assessment Tool and a self-assessment survey. Audio recordings were used to supplement observation notes. Case presentation, discussion duration, decision making contribution, recommendations, and consensus were captured. Quality of information and contribution were rated on a 1-5 scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate means and composite scores representing overall MCC performance. RESULTS A total of 44 cases were observed at the T-MCC with the mean presentation and discussion time of 6 minutes and 22 seconds. Quality of case history, radiologic and pathological information, and reason for case discussion were rated above average (>3), whereas inclusion of comorbidities and patient views were rated below average. Surgical oncologists had a higher discussion contribution compared with medical and radiation oncologists (3.6 v 2.9 and 2.4, respectively). The overall mean composite score was 55.9 (deemed average) with no cases categorized as poor or excellent. Radiologists and pathologists had mean preparation times of 81.7 and 144.0 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the applicability of a previously validated tool to assess the quality of a T-MCC at an academic comprehensive cancer center. The tool was found to be useful in identifying elements of the T-MCC process that needed improvement.
Noninvasive Indices of MASLD Are Associated With Hypogonadism in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Caretta Nicola , Scafa Raffaele , Graziani Andrea , Crepaldi Maria Cristina , Vedovato Monica , Avogaro Angelo , Ferlin Alberto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, affecting one-fourth of the adult population worldwide. Recent data found an association between MASLD and hypogonadism, but this relation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unclear.

Objective
To evaluate in men with T2DM the association between total testosterone (TT) and noninvasive indices of hepatic steatosis (Fatty Liver Index [FLI], Hepatic Steatosis Index [HSI], Dallas Steatosis Index [DSI]) and fibrosis (AST to Platelet Ratio Index [APRI], Fibrosis-4 Index [FIB-4]), and their predictive cutoff values in identifying hypogonadism.

Methods
Cross-sectional study on 189 men with T2DM, without history of liver diseases and alcoholism, recruited on an outpatient basis. Interventions were andrological evaluation, metabolic parameters, TT, and liver indices. The main outcome measures were comparison of steatosis and fibrosis indices with testosterone levels and presence of hypogonadism. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify cutoff values of liver indices in predicting low testosterone (&lt;12 nmol/L).

Results
FLI, HSI, and DSI were negatively related with TT and were higher in the low-testosterone group than in the normal-testosterone group (FLI: 74.1 [61.4-93.5] vs 56.5 [32.1-78.2], P &lt; .001; HSI: 41.5 [39.2-45.9] vs 40.1 [36.6-43.2], P = .005; DSI: 0.45 [−0.08-+1.04] vs −0.07 [−1.02-+0.58], P &lt; .001). FLI and DSI also correlated with clinical symptoms of hypogonadism. No differences between groups were observed for APRI and FIB-4. FLI ≥63 was the best parameter as predictive index of low TT (sensitivity 73%, specificity 64%).

Conclusion
We found an association between noninvasive indices of steatosis and hypogonadism in patients with T2DM. These indices could be used to direct the patients to andrological evaluation.
FRI012 Exploring The Role Of FFA2 In Western Diet-induced Obesity And Metabolic Changes
Authors: Nnyamah Christine , Wicksteed Barton , Layden Brian T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: C. Nnyamah: None. B. Wicksteed: None. B.T. Layden: None.
The obesity pandemic is a major health concern driving Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). One novel pathogenetic factor of obesity is the gut microbiome (GM), that is the microbes that reside in the digestive tract. Changes in the GM have profound effects on obesity. These symbiotic microbes break down dietary fiber that are otherwise indigestible, releasing nutrients (in particular, short chain fatty acids, SCFAs). Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that senses SCFAs and has been shown to influence the function of various organs responsible for nutrient-sensing and energy balance. Among other roles, FFA2 has been suggested to modulate the secretion of the appetite-regulating proteins GLP-1 and PYY from intestinal enteroendocrine cells and secretion of insulin (the master fuel-supply hormone) from the pancreatic beta cells. However, its role in adipose tissue is less clear. While highly expressed in adipose tissue, research using global knockouts (KOs) of FFA2 in mouse models has observed conflicting phenotypic results. Here, we use novel adipose-specific FFA2 KO (AdFFA2-KO) mice to explore adipose-determined outcomes when mice are fed obesogenic challenge diets with or without fiber-induced production of SCFAs for receptor activation. After confirming that Adiponectin-Cre x FFA2 fl/fl mice have no congenital defects and are metabolically similar to FFA2 fl/fl control mice on a normal chow diet, mice were placed on either a high fat, high sugar Western Diet (WD) or on WD supplemented with 10% fructooligosaccharides – a fermentable dietary fiber. On WD, AdFFA2-KO mice had significantly decreased glucose tolerance compared to floxed controls with no other clearly observable effects on basic metabolic parameters. Interestingly, upon receptor activation with a fiber-supplemented diet, AdFFA2-KO mice were moderately protected from WD-induced weight gain. Our ongoing research aims to detangle the observed phenotypic differences and demystify the FFA2-adipose signaling cascade using a multifaceted approach including in vivo assessment of food intake and energy expenditure, ex vivo evaluation of lipolysis and fatty-acid uptake with FFA2 agonists and antagonists, as well as RTqPCR probing of adipose-derived cytokines (adipokines) with known roles in the weight gain-weight loss cycle.
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023
FRI020 Adipocyte Subpopulations Regulate Growth Hormone-induced Lipolysis And Insulin Resistance
Authors: Siyar Sohana , Huang Jun , Sharma Rita , Kopchick John Joseph , Puri Vishwajeet , Lee Kevin Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: S. Siyar: None. J. Huang: None. R. Sharma: None. J.J. Kopchick: None. V. Puri: None. K.Y. Lee: None.
Growth Hormone (GH) administration has long been known to increase lipolysis in adipose tissue leading to increased circulating free fatty acid levels and insulin resistance. Previous studies from our lab have found that this effect is mediated, at least in part, through transcriptional repression of the lipid droplet associated protein Fat specific protein (FSP27 also known as CIDEC). Furthermore, recent studies suggest that within a single adipose tissue depot there are different subpopulations of adipocytes. We have identified three distinct subpopulations of adipocytes with unique gene expression profiles and metabolic activities. We have found that one of these subpopulations of adipocytes, termed Type 2 adipocytes, are highly responsive to GH stimulation. In order to assess the physiological role of GH-mediated lipolysis mediated by this subpopulation, we specifically expressed human FSP27 (hFSP27) in Type 2 adipocytes (Type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice). Type2AdhFSP27tg mice had reduced systemic plasma glycerol release after acute GH treatment, and improvement in acute, but not chronic, GH-induced glucose intolerance. These mice exhibited an 45% increase in fat mass and significant increase in adipocyte cell size further indicating a decreased lipolytic response to GH. This decreased lipolytic response was associated with improved hepatic insulin signaling and insulin-induced gene expression in Type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice. Taken together, these results indicate that specifically targeting a subpopulation of adipocytes is sufficient to reduce GH-induced lipolysis and insulin resistance and may provide a platform for improved medical therapies for growth and endocrine disorders.
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023