bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principal‐component analysis of multiscale data for process monitoring and fault diagnosis
Authors: Yoon Seongkyu , MacGregor John F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn approach is presented to multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) for process monitoring and fault diagnosis based on principal‐component analysis (PCA) models of multiscale data. Process measurements, representing the cumulative effects of many underlying process phenomena, are decomposed by applying multiresolution analysis (MRA) by wavelet transformations. The decomposed process measurements are rearranged according to their scales, and PCA is applied to these multiscale data to capture process variable correlations occurring at different scales. Choosing an orthonormal mother wavelet allows each principal component to be a function of the process variables at only one scale level. The proposed method is discussed in the context of other multiscale approaches, and illustrated in detail using simulated data from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system. A major contribution of the paper is to extend fault isolation methods based on contribution plots to multiscale approaches. In particular, once a fault is detected, the contributions of the variations at each scale to the fault are computed. These scale contributions can be very helpful in isolating faults that occur mainly at a single scale. For those scales having large contributions to the fault, one can further compute the variable contributions to those scales, thereby making fault diagnosis much easier. A comparison study is done through Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method can enhance fault detection and isolation (FDI) performance when the frequency content of a fault effect is confined to a narrow‐frequency band. However, when the fault frequency content is not localized, the multiscale approaches perform very comparably to the standard single‐scale approaches, and offer no real advantage. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2891–2903, 2004
Healthcare and the long haul: Long distance truck drivers—a medically underserved population
Authors: Solomon Andrew J. , Doucette John T. , Garland Elizabeth , McGinn Thomas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundLong distance trucking is associated with significant health risks. However, to our knowledge no published data exist regarding healthcare service access by the estimated two million long‐haul truckers in the United States.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was designed to assess access to healthcare among these workers. Five hundred‐twenty‐one anonymous self‐administered surveys were completed at 16 truck stops in 14 states from July through August 2002.ResultsForty‐seven percent of those surveyed lack a regular healthcare provider, 20% frequent emergency rooms and urgent care centers, 32% were unable to receive needed healthcare within the last year, and 56% had difficulty utilizing healthcare services at home. Individuals lacking health insurance (31%) experienced more difficulty with healthcare access than the insured within the last year, were more often without a regular provider (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001), and utilized urgent care centers and emergency rooms more often than the insured (25 vs. 17%).ConclusionsLong distance truck drivers are at risk for poor health outcomes and experience significant difficulty accessing healthcare services. Further studies concerning how to best provide healthcare to this vulnerable, underserved population are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:463–471, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test: Relevant issues in beryllium health surveillance
Authors: Stange Arthur W. , Joseph Furman F. , Hilmas Duane E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (Be‐LPT) measures beryllium‐specific cellular immune response, and is useful in medical surveillance of beryllium sensitivity and chronic beryllium disease (CBD).MethodsCurrent and former employees (n = 12,194) of 18 United States Department of Energy (DOE) sites were tested for beryllium sensitization at four laboratories with Be‐LPT expertise. Beryllium sensitized individuals were offered evaluations for CBD. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of the Be‐LPT were determined, as was inter‐ and intra‐laboratory agreement.ResultsFalse positives were calculated to be 1.09%, with a laboratory range of 0.00–3.35% for the 10‐year investigation. Be‐LPTs performed on inter‐laboratory split blood specimens from sensitized individuals showed a false negative rate of 31.7%. The intra‐laboratory repeatability of abnormal Be‐LPT results ranged from 80.4–91.9%. The sensitivity of the Be‐LPT was determined to be 0.683, with a specificity of 0.969. The PPV of one abnormal Be‐LPT was 0.253.ConclusionsThe Be‐LPT is efficacious in medical surveillance of beryllium‐exposed individuals. The PPV of the Be‐LPT is comparable to other widely accepted medical tests. Confirmation of an abnormal result is recommended to assure appropriate referral for CBD medical evaluation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:453–462, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational exposures and inpatient hospital care for lumbar intervertebral disc disorders among Finns
Authors: Leino‐Arjas Päivi , Kaila‐Kangas Leena , Kauppinen Timo , Notkola Veijo , Keskimäki Ilmo , Mutanen Pertti 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundLow back disorders are among the most common health problems in industrialized societies. We examined the relationship between occupational exposures and severe lumbar intervertebral disc disorders (LIDD).MethodsInformation on inpatient care for LIDD (ICD‐10: M51.1–51.9) in Finnish hospitals during 1996 was linked with the 1995 Population Census, and based on occupational title with the Finnish Job Exposure Matrix and the Occupational Lifestyle Matrix. There were 3,863 individuals hospitalized due to LIDD among occupationally active Finns. Poisson regression analyses were made with the total occupationally active population as reference.ResultsIn a multivariate analysis in women, accident risk, job control, and three‐shift work were associated with hospitalization, together with age, education, personal income, and average body mass index (BMI) by occupation. In men, accident risk and job control were associated with hospital admissions, allowing for age, education, and income.ConclusionsAccident risk and job control increased the risk of hospitalization for LIDD in both sexes. Three‐shift work and BMI were also predictive of hospital admission among women. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:513–520, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surveillance of occupational noise exposures using OSHA's Integrated Management Information System
Authors: Middendorf Paul J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundExposure to noise has long been known to cause hearing loss, and is an ubiquitous problem in workplaces. Occupational noise exposures for industries stored in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) can be used to identify temporal and industrial trends of noise exposure to anticipate changes in rates of hearing loss.MethodsThe noise records in OSHA's IMIS database for 1979–1999 were extracted by major industry division and measurement criteria. The noise exposures were summarized by year, industry, and employment size.ResultsThe majority of records are from Manufacturing and Services. Exposures in Manufacturing and Services have decreased during the period, except that PEL exposures measured by federal enforcement increased from 1995 to 1999.ConclusionsNoise exposures in manufacturing have been reduced since the late 1970s, except those documented by federal enforcement. Noise exposure data outside manufacturing is not well represented in IMIS. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:492–504, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomy of the killer whale (Orcinus orca) from magnetic resonance images
Authors: Marino Lori , Sherwood Chet C. , Delman Bradley N. , Tang Cheuk Y. , Naidich Thomas P. , Hof Patrick R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article presents the first series of MRI‐based anatomically labeled sectioned images of the brain of the killer whale (Orcinus orca). Magnetic resonance images of the brain of an adult killer whale were acquired in the coronal and axial planes. The gross morphology of the killer whale brain is comparable in some respects to that of other odontocete brains, including the unusual spatial arrangement of midbrain structures. There are also intriguing differences. Cerebral hemispheres appear extremely convoluted and, in contrast to smaller cetacean species, the killer whale brain possesses an exceptional degree of cortical elaboration in the insular cortex, temporal operculum, and the cortical limbic lobe. The functional and evolutionary implications of these features are discussed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional arrangement of the vasa vasorum in explanted segments of the aged human great saphenous vein: Scanning electron microscopy and three‐dimensional morphometry of vascular corrosion casts
Authors: Lametschwandtner Alois , Minnich Bernd , Kachlik David , Setina Marek , Stingl Josef 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe vasa vasorum of skeletonized and nonskeletonized segments of five human great saphenous veins (GSVs), harvested during coronary bypass grafting, were cannulated, rinsed, and injected (casted) with the polymerizing resin Mercox‐Cl‐2B. After removal of the dry vascular tissue, the casts were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Stereopaired images (tilt angle, 6°) were taken, imported into a 3D morphometry system, and the 3D architecture of the vasa vasorum (arterial and venous vasa as well as capillaries) was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of vasa diameters, intervascular and interbranching distances, and branching angles. Diameters of parent (d0) and large (d1) and small (d2) daughter vessels of arterial and venous bifurcations served to calculate asymmetry ratios (α) and area ratios (β). Additionally, deviations of bifurcations and branching angles from optimal branches were calculated for selected arterial vasa. The arrangement of the vasa vasorum closely followed the longitudinally oriented connective tissue fibers in the adventitia and the circularly arranged smooth muscle cell layers within the outer layers of the media. Venous vasa by far outnumbered arterial vasa. Vasa vasorum changed their course several times in acute angles and revealed numerous circular constrictions, kinks, and outpouchings. Due to their spatial arrangement, the vasa vasorum are prone to tolerate vessel wall distension generated by acute increases in blood pressure or stretching of the vessel without severe impact on vessel functions. Preliminary comparisons of data from the bifurcations of cast arterial vasa vasorum, with calculated optimal bifurcations, do not yet give clear insights into the optimality principle(s) governing the design of arterial vasa vasorum bifurcations of the human GSVs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wiederaufbau des Neuen Museums Berlin – Bauklimatik als Bindeglied zwischen Bauphysik und TGA‐Planung
Authors: Pültz Gunter 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAm Beispiel des Glasdach‐Zwischenraums des Neuen Museums in Berlin wird aufgezeigt, daß die herkömmlichen Planungswerkzeuge bei großen, zusammenhängenden Lufträumen mit Außenverglasungen häufig nicht ausreichen, um übergreifende Fragestellungen der Bauphysik (Tauwasseranfall bzw. Eisbildung) und der TGA‐Planung (Dimensionierung der Lüftung) ausreichend zu beantworten. Dies kann zu Überdimensionierungen und Planungsunsicherheiten führen. Eine dem herkömmlichen Planungsverlauf nach HOAI mit aufgeteilten Leistungsbildern deutlich überlegene Vorgehensweise ist in der integralen Planung über die Grenzen der einzelnen Fachbereiche hinaus zu sehen. Nur so kann die Schnittstellenproblematik zwischen den einzelnen Fachbereichen aufgelöst werden. Ein solches Vorgehen erfordert jedoch höherwertige Planungswerkzeuge und ist mit einem höheren Planungsaufwand verbunden. Das Beispiel des Wiederaufbaus des Neuen Museums in Berlin zeigt jedoch, daß ein erhöhter Planungsaufwand nicht nur zur Vermeidung von Planungsunsicherheiten, sondern darüber hinaus auch zur Minimierung der erforderlichen Gebäudetechnik führen kann. Der Mehraufwand bei der Planung wird somit durch Einsparungen mehr als ausgeglichen.
Cetirizine from topical phosphatidylcholine liposomes: Evaluation of peripheral antihistaminic activity and systemic absorption in a rabbit model
Authors: Elzainy Abeer A.W. , Gu Xiaochen , Simons F. Estelle R. , Simons Keith J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study was performed to assess the peripheral H1‐antihistaminic activity and extent of systemic absorption of cetirizine from liposomes applied to the skin. Cetirizine was incorporated into small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and multilamellar vesicles (MLV) prepared using L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine, and into Glaxal Base (GB), used as the control. In a randomized, cross‐over study, each formulation, containing 10 mg of cetirizine, was applied to depilated areas on the backs of six rabbits (3.08±0.05 kg). Histamine‐induced wheal tests and blood sampling were performed before cetirizine application and at designated times for up to 24 h. Compared with the baseline, histamine‐induced wheal formation was suppressed by cetirizine in SUV and MLV from 0.5–24 h and by cetirizine in GB from 0.5–8 h, p⩽0.05. Maximum wheal suppression by cetirizine in SUV and MLV ranged from 90.6%±4.9% to 89.0%±3.8% and 98.0%±1.3% to 94.0%±2.3%, respectively, from 6 to 8 h. The plasma cetirizine AUC of 201±24.2 ng.h/ml from SUV was lower than from PC‐MLV, 334.6±65.1 ng.h/ml and from GB, 248.3±34.6 ng.h/ml. After 24 h, the percent of the cetirizine dose remaining on the backs of the rabbits from SUV was lower than from both MLV and GB, p⩽0.05. In this model, cetirizine from both SUV and MLV had excellent topical H1‐antihistaminic effects, while systemic exposure to cetirizine from SUV was reduced. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of the Behavioral Evaluation Strategy and Taxonomy (BEST®) software application
Authors: Sidener Tina M. , Shabani Daniel B. , Carr James E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRecent computer technology has led to the development of a number of software applications that have been specifically designed for collecting and analyzing observational data in real time. Behavioral Evaluation Strategy and Taxonomy (BEST®) is an innovative software program that provides users with an effective way to collect, store, and analyze real‐time observational data. The program is comprised of two distinct applications: BEST Collection® and BEST Analysis®. The purpose of the current article was to provide a critical review of BEST Version 4.1.6 for the Windows® (95/98/NT) operating system. The basis of this review was our use of BEST to collect and analyze data for several studies over a 2 year period. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using video modeling to teach a domestic skill with an embedded social skill to adults with severe mental retardation
Authors: Bidwell Melissa A. , Rehfeldt Ruth Anne 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe assessed whether three adults with severe mental retardation would acquire a domestic skill (making coffee) with an embedded social skill (serving coffee to and sitting down beside a peer) via video modeling procedures. Training was conducted in a classroom in the participants' day treatment setting. The intervention consisted of (i) watching a video of an adult with a developmental disability making coffee and initiating a social interaction with a peer; and (ii) receiving verbal praise for each step of the task that was performed correctly. All three participants mastered the task and demonstrated generalization across settings, stimuli, and people. Two participants performed with 100% accuracy on maintenance probes conducted 1 month following mastery, and one participant did so following booster training. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of prior access and environmental enrichment on stereotypy
Authors: Rapp John T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA young boy's stereotypy was first evaluated in two daily 30 min sessions (one in the morning and one in the afternoon) during a free operant (FO) condition. Results from the two daily sessions during FO showed that stereotypy was lower during the second session of the day, suggesting that prior access had affected later engagement in stereotypy. The effects of environmental enrichment (EE) with music, EE music plus a guitar, and EE music plus a guitar plus contingent music loss on stereotypy were also evaluated. Unexpectedly, the results showed that the presence of music increased stereotypy during both daily sessions; however, contingent music loss decreased stereotypy and simultaneously increased untargeted guitar play. Increases in stereotypy during both daily sessions suggest that music may have increased the reinforcing value of stereotypy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining descriptive and functional analysis logic to evaluate idiosyncratic variables maintaining aggression
Authors: Borrero Carrie S. W. , Vollmer Timothy R. , Borrero John C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor one boy with developmental disabilities, we conducted naturalistic observations and saw that aggression occurred during instructional task presentations. Next, in an experimental analysis, we manipulated the manner in which instructions were presented. Results showed that differentially high rates of aggression were observed when the manner in which instructions were presented was manipulated. Based on the results of the assessment, a successful intervention was developed that incorporated the idiosyncratic finding observed during both the naturalistic observations and the experimental analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryopreservation of adherent human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Ji Lin , de Pablo Juan J. , Palecek Sean P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractStandard human embryonic stem (HES) cell cryopreservation methodologies, including slow freezing and vitrification of colonies in suspension, are plagued by poor viability and high differentiation rates upon recovery. To facilitate research studies and clinical applications of HES cells, we have developed a cryopreservation technique based on stabilizing HES colonies adherent to or embedded in a Matrigel matrix. This method increases cell viability by over an order of magnitude compared with cryopreservation in suspension and reduces differentiation. Loading adherent HES cells with the disaccharide trehalose prior to cryopreserving in a dimethylsulfoxide‐containing cryoprotectant solution further improves cell viability under certain conditions. Our proposed approach has the potential to reduce the time required to amplify frozen stocks of HES cells, minimize risk of clonal selection during freeze–thaw cycles, and facilitate storage of HES cell clone libraries. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell cycle kinetics of expanding populations of neural stem and progenitor cells in vitro
Authors: Alam Sharmila , Sen Arindom , Behie Leo A. , Kallos Michael S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated, primitive cells with important potential applications including the replacement of neural tissue lost due to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, as well as brain and spinal cord injuries, including stroke. We have developed methods to rapidly expand populations of mammalian stem and progenitor cells in neurosphere cultures. In the present study, flow cytometry was used in order to understand cell cycle activation and proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells in suspension bioreactors. First, a protocol was developed to analyze the cell cycle kinetics of NSCs. As expected, neurosphere cells were found to cycle slowly, with a very small proportion of the cell population undergoing mitosis at any time. Large fractions (65–70%) of the cells were detected in G1, even in rapidly proliferating cultures, and significant fractions (20%) of the cells were in G0. Second, it was observed that different culturing methods influence both the proportion of neurosphere cells in each phase of the cell cycle and the fraction of actively proliferating cells. The results show that suspension culture does not significantly alter the cell cycle progression of neurosphere cells, while long‐term culture (>60 days) results in significant changes in cell cycle kinetics. This suggests that when developing a process to produce neural stem cells for clinical applications, it is imperative to track the cell cycle kinetics, and that a short‐term suspension bioreactor process can be used to successfully expand neurosphere cells. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expansion of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells on human feeders
Authors: Choo Andre B.H. , Padmanabhan Jayanthi , Chin Angela C.P. , Oh Steve K.W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (HES) hold great potential for regenerative medicine because of their ability to differentiate to any cell type. However, a limitation is that HES cells require a feeder layer to stay undifferentiated. Routinely, mouse embryonic fibroblast is used. However, for therapeutic applications, contamination with mouse cells may be considered unacceptable. In this study, we evaluated three commercially available human foreskin feeder (HF) lines for their ability to support HES cell growth in media supplemented with serum or serum replacer. HES cells on HF in serum replacer–supplemented media were cultured for >30 passages. They remained undifferentiated, maintained a normal karyotype, and continued to be positive for the pluripotent markers Oct‐4, SOX‐2, SSEA‐4, GCTM‐2, Tra‐1‐60, Tra‐1‐81, and alkaline phosphatase. In vivo, HES cells formed teratomas in SCID mouse models that represent the three embryonic germ layers. In contrast, HES cells cultured on HF in serum‐supplemented media differentiated after three passages. Morphologically, the cells became cystic with a loss of intracellular Oct‐4. We have successfully adapted and cultured undifferentiated HES cells on three human feeder lines for >30 passages. No difficulties were observed with the exception of serum in the media. This study reveals a safe and accessible source for feeders for HES cell research and potential therapeutic applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional porous alginate scaffolds provide a conducive environment for generation of well‐vascularized embryoid bodies from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Gerecht‐Nir Sharon , Cohen Smadar , Ziskind Anna , Itskovitz‐Eldor Joseph 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDifferentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be instigated through the formation of embryo‐like aggregates in suspension, termed human embryoid bodies (hEBs). Controlling cell aggregation and agglomeration during hEBs formation has a profound effect on the extent of cell proliferation and differentiation. In a previous work, we showed that control over hEBs formation and differentiation can be achieved via cultivation of hESC suspensions in a rotating bioreactor system. We now report that hEBs can be generated directly from hESC suspensions within three‐dimensional (3D) porous alginate scaffolds. The confining environments of the alginate scaffold pores enabled efficient formation of hEBs with a relatively high degree of cell proliferation and differentiation; encouraged round, small‐sized hEBs; and induced vasculogenesis in the forming hEBs to a greater extent than in static or rotating cultures. We therefore conclude that differentiation of hEBs can be induced and directed by physical constraints in addition to chemical cues. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.