bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Hot Electrons Transport Achieved through Controlled Electron‐Phonon Coupling in Metallic Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Li Keming , Jiang Lan , Gao Guoquan , Li Jiafang , Zhu Tong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe electron‐phonon (e‐ph) interactions are pivotal in shaping the electrical and thermal properties, and in particular, determining the carrier dynamics and transport behaviors in optoelectronic devices. By employing pump‐probe spectroscopy and ultrafast microscopy, the consequential role of e‐ph coupling strength in the spatiotemporal evolution of hot electrons is elucidated. Thermal transport across the metallic interface is controlled to regulate effective e‐ph coupling factor Geff in Au and Au/Cr heterostructure, and their impact on nonequilibrium transport of hot electrons is examined. Via the modulation of buried Cr thickness, a strong correlation between Geff and the diffusive behavior of hot electrons is found. By enhancing Geff through the regulation of thermal transport across interface, there is a significant reduction in e‐ph thermalization time, the maximum diffusion length of hot electrons, and lattice heated area which are extracted from the spatiotemporal evolution profiles. Therefore, the increased Geff significantly weakens the diffusion of hot electrons and promotes heat relaxation of electron subsystems in both time and space. These insights propose a robust framework for spatiotemporal investigations of G impact on hot electron diffusion, underscoring its significance in the rational design of advanced optoelectronic devices with high efficiency.
On the suitability of checked coverage and genetic parameter tuning in test suite reduction
Authors: Koitz‐Hristov Roxane , Sterner Thomas , Stracke Lukas , Wotawa Franz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs software projects evolve and grow in size and complexity, so do their test suites. Test suite reduction (TSR) aims at reducing the size of a test suite by removing redundant and obsolete test cases based on a coverage metric while preserving its fault detection capabilities. The contributions of this paper are twofold: (1) We examine a lesser‐known coverage criterion, that is, checked coverage. Checked coverage not only investigates if a part of the code was executed but also if it was checked by a test oracle. In an empirical evaluation, we performed TSR based on different reduction algorithms, coverage metrics, and open‐source Java projects with our own TSR tool to determine the most effective and efficient combination of metric and method. (2) Given the results of the first evaluation, we further investigate the potential of parameter optimization in regard to a genetic reduction algorithm. In particular, we focus on finding a general setting for the parameters crossover rate and mutation rate such that test suites can be reduced in a reasonable time while maintaining a high fault detection power.
Chiral versus Achiral Assemblies in Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Supramolecular Polymerization of Tetra‐Substituted Azobenzene Dye
Authors: Čonková Miroslava , Markiewicz Grzegorz , Majchrzycki Łukasz , Szmulewicz Adrianna , Stefankiewicz Artur R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIncorporating photoswitchable moieties into the molecular design of supramolecular architectures provides unique opportunities for controlling their morphology and functionality via optical stimuli. Harnessing geometrical and electrical changes in response to multiple external stimuli on the molecular level to modulate properties remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, the reversible formation of the aggregates of l‐tyrosine E‐azobenzene‐tetracarboxamide (E‐ABT) is shown to be finely controlled by light, solvent, or chemical additives. The resulting products differ not only in their overall morphology and supramolecular interactions, but also in their intrinsic chirality, that is, depending on the conditions applied, self‐assembly yields chiral columns or π‐stacked “achiral” oligomers. This report shows the potential of rational monomer design to achieve controlled self‐assembly by stimuli of choice and paves the way toward the use of multi‐responsive, sterically hindered azo‐benzene aggregates in materials chemistry and nanotechnology.
3D Printing Architecting β‐PVDF Reservoirs for Preferential ZnO Epitaxial Growth Toward Advanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
Authors: He Lirong , Liu Xingang , Han Cheng , Wang Dehui , Wang Qi , Deng Xu , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based piezoelectric composites, epitaxial growth of ZnO nanorods (ZnO‐nr) piezoceramic layer on PVDF is an effective way to improve their piezoelectric performance. However, the crystal nucleus of ZnO featuring polar surfaces that cannot be directly attached to hydrophobic PVDF with low surface energy. Herein, direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing is employed for the first time to create β‐PVDF reservoirs with significantly enhanced surface energy, facilitating the attachment and epitaxial growth of ZnO‐nr. The printed β‐PVDF reservoirs designed with programmed macro‐pores and abundant inner micropores, enable a higher loading of ZnO‐nr by more than one magnitude, thereby boosting the electro‐mechanical response. The resulting PVDF/ZnO core–shell piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) delivers an output voltage of 33.2 V, as well as an unprecedentedly high relative output voltage of 2.76 V/wt.%, which is 2.63 times that of the state‐of‐the‐art 3D‐printed PVDF/piezoceramics PEHs. Furthermore, it can differentiate subtle human motions whereas hybrid PEHs cannot distinct. This work demonstrates that the DIW 3D printing approach offers a simple and convenient design idea for creating high performance PEHs.
Accuracy and inter‐rater agreement among practitioners using quick thoracic ultrasonography to diagnose calf pneumonia
Authors: Jourquin Stan , Lowie Thomas , Bokma Jade , Pardon Bart 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThoracic ultrasonography (TUS) is a commonly used tool for on‐farm detection of pneumonia in calves. Different scanning methods have been described, but the performance of novice practitioners after training has not been documented.MethodsIn this study, 38 practitioners performed quick TUS (qTUS) on 18–23 calves each. Pneumonia was defined as lung consolidation 1 cm or more in depth. Diagnostic parameters (accuracy [Acc], sensitivity [Se] and specificity [Sp]) were compared to those of an experienced operator. Cohen's kappa and Krippendorff's alpha (Kalpha) were determined. The potential effects of training and exam sessions on performance were evaluated.ResultsThe average relative Se and Sp were 0.66 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.26; minimum [Min.]–Maximum [Max.] = 0–1) and 0.71 (SD = 0.19; Min.–Max. = 0.25–1), respectively. The average relative Acc was 0.73 (SD = 0.11; Min.–Max. = 0.52–0.96). Over all sessions, Cohen's kappa averaged 0.40 (SD = 0.24; Min.–Max. = 0.014–0.90) and Kalpha was 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.27), indicating ‘fair’ agreement. Calf age and housing influenced Se and Sp. Supervised practical training improved Se by 17.5% (95% CI: 0.01–0.34).LimitationsThe separate effects of calf age and housing could not be determined.ConclusionThis study showed that qTUS, like any other clinical skill, has a learning curve, and variability in performance can be substantial. Adequate training and certification of one's skill are recommended to assure good diagnostic accuracy.
Eversion of the nictitans membranes in a Spanish purebred foal: Diagnosis, surgical correction and outcome
Authors: Matas Màrian , Llodrà Margalida 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 2‐month‐old, Spanish, purebred foal was presented with bilateral eversion of the nictitans membranes. The foal was assessed and surgery performed at the age of 4 months. Standing surgery was performed in order to dissect and resect the everted cartilage and achieve a normal position of both nictitating membranes. Local anaesthesia was achieved using periocular regional anaesthesia and a sub‐nictitans block under each nictitans membrane. This helped control surgical discomfort of the patient and avoided, in this patient, retraction of the globe. Immediately postoperatively, the nictitans membranes were in normal anatomic position. The patient was evaluated 10 months later and both nictitans membranes remained in situ and with normal dorsotemporal gliding movement over each eye.
Amino Imidazolin‐2‐imine Ligands in Magnesium Complexes: Approaches Towards Low‐Valent Mg(I) Species
Authors: Denker M.Sc.Lars , Dolati Hadi , Barthen M.Sc.Mario , Frank René 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmino imidazoline‐2‐imines (AmIm) are a new class of chelating, monoanionic N,N'‐donor ligands stronger than the analogous β‐diketiminate ligands and give rise to five‐membered metallacycles. The coordination chemistry of the monoanionic ligands 1,2‐NHC=N−C6H4−NDipp− (i), cis‐1,2‐NHC=N−CMe=CMe−NDipp− (ii) was towards magnesium was investigated with the focus on the stabilization of low‐valent magnesium(I) species, NHC=cyclo‐C(NiPr2CMe)2, Dipp=2,6‐iPrC6H3. Both ligand systems (i) and (ii) form heteroleptic magnesium iodide species with were subjected to reduction. The complex [Mg(1,2‐NHC=N−C6H4−NDipp)]2 was found to be insoluble, which prevented further purification. In contrast, the yield of the analogous complex [Mg(cis‐1,2‐NHC=N−CMe=CMe−NDipp)]2 was very low. As a significant side product the homoleptic complex [Mg(cis‐1,2‐NHC=N−CMe=CMe−NDipp)2] was identified.
Strain‐controlled dynamics of transverse domain walls in hybrid piezoelectric–magnetostrictive heterostructures: An asymptotic approach
Authors: Halder Ambalika , Maity Sumit , Dwivedi Sharad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present work deals with an analytical study of the statical and dynamical behavior of transverse magnetic domain walls in hybrid bilayer piezoelectric/magnetostrictive heterostructures under the combined influence of spin‐polarized electric currents, transverse, and axial applied magnetic fields. The magnetostrictive material is considered to be isotropic and linearly elastic. We perform the investigation within the framework of the one‐dimensional Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. By employing the regular perturbation asymptotic expansion approach, we derive the explicit analytical expression of the most significant dynamic features, namely, traveling wave profile, DW velocity, and displacement under the influence of small and moderate transverse magnetic fields. Finally, we illustrate numerically the analytical results and delineate the domain wall motion for metallic and semiconductor ferromagnets.
Introduction: The Historic Importance and Continued Relevance of Steel-Making in Europe
Authors: Weinel Martin , Antonazzo Luca , Stroud Dean , Behrend Clara , Colla Valentina , Goti Aitor , Schröder Antonius Johannes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe relative economic and political importance of the steel industry for the European project has decreased since the founding of the Economic Coal and Steel Community in 1952, but its absolute importance remains high and critical for the European project’s future success. However, for the continued survival of the European steel industry and among a wider set of challenges, the sector has to face and overcome what is often referred to as the 'twin challenges': digitalisation, in the form of Industry 4.0, and decarbonisation. This chapter discusses the twin challenges and introduces the contributions made to this edited collection, which begin to answer and address how best to respond to these challenges to safeguard the future of the European steel industry.
Attracting Talents to the Steel Industry
Authors: Echterhoff Veit , Schelkle Peter , Cassel Stefan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter outlines the increasing importance of qualified employees for future competitiveness in the EU steel industry. As the labour market changes companies have to be attractive employers for their future talents. The authors recommend suggestions for supporting actions to attract talents and future talents. This chapter is a revised version of a ESTEP recommendation paper. (ESTEP 2020) Attracting talents to the Steel Industry, ESTEP, Brussels, https://www.estep.eu/assets/Uploads/20200302-attracting-talents-to-the-steel-industry.pdf Accessed 27 May 2022).
The Technological and Social Transformation of the European Steel Industry: Towards Decarbonisation and Digitalisation
Authors: Stroud Dean , Antonazzo Luca , Weinel Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we touch on the supranational developments that gave rise to the notion of a European steel industry, and thereby set the context for a discussion of its technological and social transformation. We discuss more broadly technological and social change and innovation across the sector in Europe, and in view of its developments reflect on the (social) consequences for the workforce. The chapter also reflects on the dynamics of restructuring and privatisation, as well as the internationalisation and globalisation of the industry. This broader discussion sets the background for a brief overview analysis of more recent innovations and the ‘twin challenges’ of digitalisation, so-called Industry 4.0, and decarbonisation, which together—it might be argued—represent a paradigmatic shift in the industry both technologically and socially. With regard to the ‘twin challenges’ we draw on data from two research projects, European Steel Skills Agenda (ESSA) and Preparing for a Just Transition, to inform some of the discussion.
Recruitment and Training and the Dynamics of Digitalization
Authors: Alonso Osambela José Ignacio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the challenges of digitalization from the perspective of Human Resources (HR) and Talent Management are discussed. The pace of change within the workplace requires HR officers to put in place more standardized and effective methods to assess the candidates and finalize recruitment, as well as to design training in a continuous and dynamic manner. The chapter provides an account of the processes undertaken by a leading European steel company and reflects the views of the author and his professional experience in HR functions in international companies based in Europe. The professional experience dates back to the 1990s, and includes the recent changes in the world of HR and the steel industry.
Matheuristic fixed set search applied to the multidimensional knapsack problem and the knapsack problem with forfeit sets
Authors: Jovanovic Raka , Voß Stefan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a solution method for the multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP) and the knapsack problem with forfeit sets (KPFS) using a population-based matheuristic approach. Specifically, the learning mechanism of the fixed set search (FSS) metaheuristic is combined with the use of integer programming for solving subproblems. This is achieved by introducing a new ground set of elements that can be used for both the MKP and the KPFS that aim to maximize the information provided by the fixed set. The method for creating fixed sets is also adjusted to enhance the diversity of generated solutions. Compared to state-of-the-art methods for the MKP and the KPFS, the proposed approach offers an implementation that can be easily extended to other variants of the knapsack problem. Computational experiments indicate that the matheuristic FSS is highly competitive to best-performing methods from the literature. The proposed approach is robust in the sense of having a good performance for a wide range of parameter values of the method.
Phenotyping of COPD with MRI in comparison to same-day CT in a multi-centre trial
Authors: Nauck Sebastian , Pohl Moritz , Jobst Bertram J. , Melzig Claudius , Meredig Hagen , Weinheimer Oliver , Triphan Simon , von Stackelberg Oyunbileg , Konietzke Philip , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Heußel Claus P. , Wielpütz Mark O. , Biederer Jürgen ,   on behalf of the COSYCONET Study Group
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
A prospective, multi-centre study to evaluate concordance of morphologic lung MRI and CT in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotyping for airway disease and emphysema.

Methods
A total of 601 participants with COPD from 15 sites underwent same-day morpho-functional chest MRI and paired inspiratory-expiratory CT. Two readers systematically scored bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis, centrilobular nodules, air trapping and lung parenchyma defects in each lung lobe and determined COPD phenotype. A third reader acted as adjudicator to establish consensus. Inter-modality and inter-reader agreement were assessed using Cohen’s kappa (im-κ and ir-κ).

Results
The mean combined MRI score for bronchiectasis/bronchial wall thickening was 4.5/12 (CT scores, 2.2/12 for bronchiectasis and 6/12 for bronchial wall thickening; im-κ, 0.04–0.3). Expiratory right/left bronchial collapse was observed in 51 and 47/583 on MRI (62 and 57/599 on CT; im-κ, 0.49–0.52). Markers of small airways disease on MRI were 0.15/12 for centrilobular nodules (CT, 0.34/12), 0.94/12 for air trapping (CT, 0.9/12) and 7.6/12 for perfusion deficits (CT, 0.37/12 for mosaic attenuation; im-κ, 0.1–0.41). The mean lung defect score on MRI was 1.3/12 (CT emphysema score, 5.8/24; im-κ, 0.18–0.26). Airway-/emphysema/mixed COPD phenotypes were assigned in 370, 218 and 10 of 583 cases on MRI (347, 218 and 34 of 599 cases on CT; im-κ, 0.63). For all examined features, inter-reader agreement on MRI was lower than on CT.

Conclusion
Concordance of MRI and CT for phenotyping of COPD in a multi-centre setting was substantial with variable inter-modality and inter-reader concordance for single diagnostic key features.

Clinical relevance statement
MRI of lung morphology may well serve as a radiation-free imaging modality for COPD in scientific and clinical settings, given that its potential and limitations as shown here are carefully considered.

Key Points
• In a multi-centre setting, MRI and CT showed substantial concordance for phenotyping of COPD (airway-/emphysema-/mixed-type).
• Individual features of COPD demonstrated variable inter-modality concordance with features of pulmonary hypertension showing the highest and bronchiectasis showing the lowest concordance.
• For all single features of COPD, inter-reader agreement was lower on MRI than on CT.
Risk factors for recurrent acute mastoiditis in pediatric patients: a registry-based cohort study
Authors: Shiner Yotam Aharon , Samuel Orit , Saliba Walid , Stein Nili , Kerem Nogah , Cohen-Kerem Raanan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To describe characteristics of pediatric patients with recurrent acute mastoiditis, and to identify risk factors for this condition.

Study design
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Data based on electronic medical records of the largest Health Maintenance Organization in Israel.

Methods
Children hospitalized due to acute mastoiditis during the years 2008–2018 were identified, and their diagnosis was verified. Patients with recurrent acute mastoiditis were identified and grouped, and their characteristics were outlined and compared to those of the original group to identify risk factors for recurrence.

Results
During the 11-year period, a total of 1115 cases of children hospitalized due to acute mastoiditis were identified with a weighted incidence rate of 7.8/100,000. Of this group, 57 patients were diagnosed with recurrence following a full clinical recovery. The incidence proportion of recurrent acute mastoiditis was 5.1% (57/1115), male-to-female ratio was 27:30, 73.4% were younger than 24 months, the median period from the first episode was 3.4 months (IQR 2.0;10.0), and 82.5% of the patients (n = 47) had a single recurrence, whereas 18.5% (n = 10) had two recurrences or more. Mastoidectomy and swelling over the mastoid area during the first episode were identified as the main risk factors for recurrent mastoiditis HR = 4.7 [(2.7–8.2), p < 0.001] and HR = 2.55 [(1.4–4.8), p = 0.003], respectively. Mastoidectomy was the only independent significant risk factor for recurrence in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Mastoidectomy and swelling over the mastoid area during the first episode of acute mastoiditis were found strongly related independent risk factor for future recurrent episodes of acute mastoiditis.
Discrepancy between clinical and pathological staging of laryngeal carcinoma: a dilemma to be solved
Authors: Tawfik Ali , El-Fattah Ahmed Musaad Abd , Hassan Amany , Helal Fatma Ahmad , Ebada Hisham Atef 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the degree of discrepancy between the clinical and pathological staging of laryngeal carcinoma, and the potential impact of this discrepancy on the outcomes and prognosis.MethodsThis study was conducted on 127 patients who underwent total laryngectomy over five years (October 2016–October 2021). Data collected from pretherapeutic clinical staging regarding the extent of the tumor affection of different laryngeal subsites was compared to the postsurgical pathological assessment.ResultsOverall, 12 out of 127 patients (9.4%) in the current study, were clinically over-staged from T3 to T4 due to radiological diagnosis of tumor infiltration of laryngeal cartilages that proved pathologically to be free of tumor. Additionally, discordance in the N stage was found in 12.6% (n = 16). However, stage discrepancy did not have a significant impact on the prognosis and survival.ConclusionDiscordance between clinical and pathological TNM staging of laryngeal carcinoma may affect the decision making and the choice of the treatment options. Some improvement can be probably achieved with advancements and higher accuracy of the preoperative diagnostic tools.
Assessing the synergistic effectiveness of intermittent theta burst stimulation and the vestibular ocular reflex rehabilitation protocol in the treatment of Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Browne Cherylea J. , Sheeba S. R. , Astill T. , Baily A. , Deblieck C. , Mucci V. , Cavaleri R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a rare central vestibular disorder characterised by a constant sensation of motion (rocking, swaying, bobbing), which typically arises after motion experiences (e.g. sea, air, and road travel), though can be triggered by non-motion events. The current standard of care is non-specific medications and interventions that only result in mild-to-moderate improvements. The vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) rehabilitation protocol, a specialised form of rehabilitation, has shown promising results in reducing symptoms amongst people with MdDS. Accumulating evidence suggests that it may be possible to augment the effects of VOR rehabilitation via non-invasive brain stimulation protocols, such as theta burst stimulation (TBS).

Methods
The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in enhancing the effectiveness of a subsequently delivered VOR rehabilitation protocol in people with MdDS. Participants were allocated randomly to receive either Sham (n = 10) or Active (n = 10) iTBS, followed by the VOR rehabilitation protocol. Subjective outcome measures (symptom ratings and mental health scores) were collected 1 week pre-treatment and for 16 weeks post-treatment. Posturography (objective outcome) was recorded each day of the treatment week.

Results
Significant improvements in subjective and objective outcomes were reported across both treatment groups over time, but no between-group differences were observed.

Discussion
These findings support the effectiveness of the VOR rehabilitation protocol in reducing MdDS symptoms. Further research into iTBS is required to elucidate whether the treatment has a role in the management of MdDS. TRN: ACTRN12619001519145 (Date registered: 04 November 2019).