bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Asphalt Durability with Styrofoam and Coconut Shell Ash: Evaluating Resistance to Diesel Fuel Spills
Authors: Syammaun Tamalkhani , Rani Hafnidar A. , Rachman Firmansyah , Aksal Ilham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to determine the optimal percentage of Styrofoam and Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) in the Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture to mitigate the impact of diesel fuel spills on asphalt quality, addressing the degradation of asphalt due to accidental diesel fuel spills that compromise road durability. The research employed Marshall parameter testing following Bina Marga 2018 General Specifications, Revision 1 of 2019 (Division 6). Five asphalt content variations were used (4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, and 6.5%), with two substitution levels for Styrofoam (6% and 8%) and two for CSA (50% and 100%). The impact of diesel fuel immersion was simulated with immersion times of 5 and 9 minutes. The optimal asphalt content (OAC) was found to be 5.5%, producing favorable characteristics with a stability value of 3,868.26 kg, while the combination of 8% Styrofoam and 50% CSA filler yielded the best performance with a stability value of 4,817.28 kg. Immersion testing of this mixture with diesel fuel for 5 minutes (4,212.64 kg) and 9 minutes (3,874.08 kg) also produced stability values well above the required threshold of > 1,000 kg. The results demonstrate that using 8% Styrofoam and 50% CSA filler can significantly improve the mixture’s resistance to degradation from diesel spills. This study provides significant insights into the potential of using polymer waste materials to enhance the durability of asphalt roads, promoting the reuse of waste and improving road infrastructure resilience.
Tensile performance of bamboo fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene composites produced via injection moulding technique
Authors: Osmi S K , Othman M , Daud N , Anuar A I , Bahari M H Saiful 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the tensile performance of bamboo fibre-reinforced recycled polypropylene (BF-rPP) composites produced via injection moulding technique. The utilization of natural fibres in polymer composites presents an eco-friendly alternative to conventional synthetic fibres, enhancing sustainability in material development. In this study, the BF was blended with rPP, aiming to improve the mechanical properties of the composite, particularly tensile strength, while maintaining environmental benefits. The BF which is extracted from the Bambusa Gigantochloa Scortechinii species acts as reinforcing material for rPP composite matrix. Three percentages of BF (3%, 5% and 7%) were blended with rPP using injection moulding to fabricate the composite specimens. The injection moulding and tensile mould were developed according to ASTM D638-14 standards, and tensile performance was evaluated based on comparison with the strength of virgin polypropylene (vPP), percentage of fibre content, tensile strength, elongation to break and failure pattern of composites. It can be concluded that the BF reinforcement enhances the tensile strength and stiffness of the composite but reduces the ductility of rPP. The increased fibre content in the polymer matrix leads to a stiffer, less flexible composite polymer. The 3% addition of BF in rPP is taken as the optimum addition percentage of BF in rPP because it achieves a better balance between strength and flexibility compared to 5% and 7% BF. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of bamboo fibres significantly improves the tensile properties of recycled polypropylene composites, making them suitable for various structural and engineering applications. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of using natural fibres to reinforce recycled polymers, contributing to the advancement of sustainable composite materials.
Technical details in Fourier single-pixel imaging
Authors: Long Sicheng , Zhang Zibang , Zhong Jingang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It has been almost 10 years since Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) was proposed in 2015. FSI has been extended to 3D single-pixel imaging, full-color imaging, multi-modality imaging, microscopy, and light-field imaging. It has also been applied to through-fire imaging, image-free object edge detection, image-free fast-moving object tracking, high-speed rotating object imaging, image-free autofocusing, photovoltaic device functionality imaging, and more. This paper addresses students and researchers in different disciplines interested in learning about FSI. We aim to provide the readers with a tutorial that teaches fundamental principles and technical details that help the researchers better understand, analyze, and implement FSI.
The electrified tribological behavior of TiN coating in lubricated contacts
Authors: Dong Xinjian , Wang Zhibo , Cai Chengsheng , Luo Xinbao , Li Pengfei , Zhang Guangan , Wang Yunfeng , Wang Fu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The excellent wear resistance and good conductivity of TiN coatings hold promising tribological applications in electrified contact systems. This work investigated the electrified tribological behavior of TiN coating when lubricated with four base oils: poly-α-olefin, mineral, rapeseed, and castor oils. The results indicated that the electric current caused fluctuating friction characteristics in lubricated contacts. The average friction coefficient under electrified conditions had a negligible change compared to the unelectrified cases when lubricated with hydrocarbon oils and rapeseed oil but a gradual decrease for castor oils. The electric current did not induce observable wear of TiN coating but promoted notable wear of steel pair. Under electrified conditions, the tribo-layers containing iron oxides and graphitized carbon were clearly observed on the surface of TiN coating for hydrocarbon oils and on the surface of steel balls for all lubricants. The enhanced adhesive transfer from steel to TiN surface was related to the electrified friction characteristics. In addition, the interfacial interactions caused by the electric field across the contact might also contribute to the electrified friction behavior of the system. These findings provide valuable insight into the application of TiN coatings in tribological protection for electrified contact components.
Introduction
Authors: Dacey Mike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Introduction describes the science of animal minds with which the book will engage, as well as the general orientation of the book. It introduces and describes the seven challenges that make up separate chapters: 1 Underdetermination; 2 Anthropomorphic bias; 3 Modeling; 4 Integration and Homology; 5 Ecological Validity; 6 Sample Size and Generalizability; and 7 Measuring Consciousness. For each of these challenges, specific ways of reframing the problem are suggested that will be more fruitful. Finally, it positions the book among recent methodological work in philosophy of animal minds, especially in reaction to four features of ‘standard practice’ in comparative (animal) psychology.
Ecological Validity
Authors: Dacey Mike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses the challenge of ecological validity: the worry that the unnaturalness of laboratory experiments undermines them as sources of evidence about animal minds. It takes a practical approach, recognizing that worries about unnaturalness can crosscut more formal concerns, including external validity, internal validity, and integrating experimental laboratory work with observational fieldwork. Looking at work on foraging in honeybees, it suggests approaches that look across experiments and only generalize carefully structured collections of results. Specifically, researchers can design “anchoring experiments” which are related to wild behaviors as closely as possible, and then vary those experimental tasks in different ways to gain a fuller understanding of the psychological processes involved.
Due Process Protections for the Accused in Early English Jury Trials
Authors: Herrmann Francis R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Apart from church and secular tribunals operating under the learned law of romano-canonical procedure, trials were commonly conducted by ordeals of fire and water, whose results had been taken to be the voice of God. The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) deprived such ordeals of the church’s blessing, thereby hastening their end. On both the European continent and in England, the challenge arose as to how to determine guilt or innocence in the absence of the ordeal. The Continent developed its inquisitorial system. England turned to the jury. Statutes made in support of Magna Carta provided important due process protections for accused persons. The jury could freely evaluate evidence of guilt or innocence.
Silence and Self-incrimination in England Before the Late Seventeenth Century
Authors: Herrmann Francis R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In common-law courts, defendants did not suffer legal punishment for an alleged crime if they remained silent, but their choice to do so may have amounted to forfeiting whatever defense they could have made by speaking. The maxim “no one is held to betray himself” was birthed in the canon law where it protected persons from having to give self-incriminating answers about their secret crimes. In seventeenth-century England, church courts followed the canonical rule. Religious dissenters claimed the church was violating its own rule by requiring them to speak under oath in violation of the church’s own preconditions for imposing the oath. Secular courts intervened at times to bar church courts from violating their own rules. The nemo tenetur maxim, absent its canonical context and limitations, gradually migrated into the common-law courts, even though defendants there did not speak under oath.
Popular Efforts to Bolster Due Process Protections at Criminal Trials in the Later Seventeenth Century
Authors: Herrmann Francis R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the mid-seventeenth century, amidst religious discord and the aftermath of the English civil wars, agitation for broad-reaching societal changes began to appear among the people, especially in the area of London. The Leveller movement, led principally by John Lilburne, campaigned for fundamental social reforms. Lilburne and colleagues issued a flood of widely read tracts in support of their proposals. Levellers circulated petitions and agreements of the people. Tens of thousands signed them and forwarded them to parliament. Part of the Leveller agenda addressed the need for reform in the laws, emphasizing particularly the sacredness of trial by jury. In connection therewith, they advocated for improvements in defensive safeguards, including greater assistance of counsel, speedy trials, protection from self-incrimination, and the right to due process. In addition to the popular advocacy for reform, a high-level commission appointed by the government submitted proposals for procedural improvements. The Leveller movement subsided after 1649. Parliament took no action on the commission's proposals for the most part. Afer the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the reform movement waned. In the courts, however, the treatment of defendants had begun to show signs of improvement.
Integrated digit in noise test (iDIN) for rapid hearing and cognitive screening: a preliminary exploration
Authors: Wang Shangqiguo , Wong Lena L N , Pan Tsz Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Hearing and cognitive impairments are common amongst older adults, both affecting communication and are not easy to distinguish from each other.

Objective
To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the integrated Digit in Noise Test (iDIN) for rapid screening of hearing and cognitive functions in older adults.

Design
This cross-sectional cohort study was conducted at multiple clinical sites.

Setting
Data collection occurred in sound-treated booths and quiet rooms at several outpatient clinics and elderly community centres.

Subjects
The study included 107 older adults, aged 58–96, who were long-term residents of Hong Kong and native Cantonese speakers. Participants were selected through convenience sampling.

Methods
Primary outcomes were the speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for 2-, 3- and 5-digit sequences with forward and 3-digit sequences with backward recall measured on iDIN. Hearing level was assessed using pure-tone audiometry. Cognitive function was assessed using the Hong Kong version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA).

Results
The 2-digit and 3-digit SRTs effectively distinguished participants with hearing loss, demonstrating high sensitivity (0.815 and 0.908, respectively) and specificity (0.905 and 0.853, respectively). The SRT3b-3f index effectively discriminated between participants who passed or failed the MoCA, with sensitivities of 0.727 and 0.781, and specificities of 0.885 and 0.787 using the two MoCA scoring methods. No significant correlation was found between SRT3b-3f and hearing levels after adjustment for educational background.

Conclusions
iDIN demonstrates significant promise for rapid and effective screening of both hearing and cognitive impairments in older adults.
Anuran mating systems: the role of climate, life history traits, and sex ratio
Authors: Melo Isabella , Jardim Lucas , Valencia-Zuleta Alejandro , Borzée Amael , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Webster Grant N , Prasad Vishal Kumar , Ghosh Deyatima , Mahony Michael , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre Felizola , Llusia Diego 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is a great diversity of mating systems in anurans, but the factors driving this diversity remain unclear. Here, using phylogenetic comparative methods, we explore which factors are related to the presence of certain mating systems in anurans and examine evolutionary patterns. We collected data for 717 anuran species and evaluated the effects of climate, temporal breeding pattern, sex ratios, terrestriality, and fecundity on their mating systems. Scramble competition and simultaneous polyandry occur more in species with aquatic oviposition sites, which have larger clutches, in habitats with high temperature seasonality, and low annual temperature/precipitation. Direct benefits occur often in species with terrestrial larger eggs and smaller clutches, which have terrestrial or sheltered oviposition sites, and in habitats with lower temperature seasonality. Only lek and polygyny were correlated with sex ratios. Most mating systems are strongly influenced by shared evolutionary history and are linked to the evolution of reproductive modes. Climate and sex ratios seem to play a role in the plasticity of mating systems, as a species can have more than one. Finally, our study represents a considerable advance toward understanding the anuran mating system evolution.
Self-efficacy and technology usage among social service practitioners—A structural equation modeling
Authors: Yuen-Han Mo Kitty , Cheung Johnson Chun-Sing , Ho Stanley Chun-Yu , Ng Elvis Ho-Hei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between digital self-efficacy, general self-efficacy, and technology usage among social service practitioners. An online survey questionnaire was sent to social service practitioners and the results indicated a positive relationship between the three variables. In addition, general and digital self-efficacy differed according to the educational level. Moreover, digital self-efficacy has a greater effect on technology usage than general self-efficacy. Additionally, a digital self-efficacy measurement scale was validated for use in the social services sector. This study covers a wide range of social service areas and provides a comprehensive understanding of the technology usage.
Neurophysiological profiles underlying action withholding and action discarding
Authors: Jamous Roula , Mocke Viola , Kunde Wilfried , Pastötter Bernhard , Beste Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although inhibitory control is essential to goal-directed behavior, not all inhibition is the same: Previous research distinguished discarding an action plan from simply withholding it, suggesting separate neurophysiological mechanisms. This study tracks the neurophysiological signatures of both using time–frequency transformation and beamforming in n = 34 healthy individuals. We show that discarding an action plan reduces working memory load, with stronger initial theta band activity compared to withholding it. This oscillatory difference was localized in the (para-)hippocampus and anterior temporal lobe, likely reflecting the need to dissolve action plan features first to enable the following decrease of working memory load. Contrary, when exposed to the embedded stimulus, withholding was associated with higher theta, alpha, and beta band activity relative to discarding. This study advances our understanding of inhibition by revealing distinct neurophysiological mechanisms and functional neuroanatomical structures involved in withholding versus discarding an action.
Roles of B-cell lymphoma 6 in orthodontic tooth movement of rat molars
Authors: Sodsook Wasupol , Kobayashi Yukiho , Kamimoto Hiroyuki , Niki Yuki , Yokoo Koji , Chantarawaratit Pintu-on , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro; however, its role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of Bcl6 in OTM of rat molars.

Materials and methods
OTM was performed on the maxillary first molars of male rats using nickel-titanium coil springs (25 gf) for 14 days with or without local injection of FX1 (50 mg/kg), a Bcl6 inhibitor (n = 10 per group). Micro-computed tomography (CT) images were used to analyse OTM distance and bone morphometric parameters. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) determined Bcl6 expression and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining (TRAP) staining assessed osteoclast differentiation. TRAP staining, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction determined the effect of FX1 (1 μM) on in vitro rat osteoclast differentiation. The effect of FX1 on cell proliferation and Smad4 expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was determined.

Results
Administration of FX1 significantly increased OTM distance and decreased the bone/tissue volume compared with vehicle treatment. IHC staining showed that the vehicle-OTM group had higher expression of Bcl6 than the FX1-OTM group. The number of osteoclasts on the compression side was significantly higher in the FX1-OTM group than that in the vehicle-OTM group. FX1 enhanced osteoclast differentiation and expression of Nfatc1, Dc-stamp, and Ctsk mRNA in osteoclasts in vitro. FX1 significantly promotes PDL cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro.

Limitations
We evaluated only 14 days of OTM.

Conclusions
Bcl6 may play an important role in OTM via modulation of osteoclast differentiation and PDL cell proliferation.
Cardiovascular preventive service access challenges among African immigrants: a discussion paper
Authors: Bulto Lemma N , Hendriks Jeroen M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper highlights cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive access challenges and potential intervention strategies that address cardiovascular preventive service access gaps among African immigrants living in developed countries. Migration, coupled with changes in dietary habits, socio-economic factors, and cultural adjustments, contributes to a heightened risk of CVD among African immigrants. This risk is compounded by a lack of targeted preventive interventions and culturally tailored programmes, as well as challenges related to language barriers, health literacy, and digital literacy. Addressing CVD prevention access gap among African immigrants requires a multifaceted approach that includes culturally tailored programmes, improved community engagement, and targeted policy development. Such intervention programmes and policies can address health challenges faced by various migrant populations, not only African immigrants. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of migration on health behaviours overtime and developing effective interventions strategies to reduce the risk of CVD in this underserved population.
Exposome-wide association study of cognition among older adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Middleton Lauren Y M , Walker Erika , Cockell Scarlet , Dou John , Nguyen Vy K , Schrank Mitchell , Patel Chirag J , Ware Erin B , Colacino Justin A , Park Sung Kyun , Bakulski Kelly M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cognitive impairment among older adults is a growing public health challenge and environmental chemicals may be modifiable risk factors. A wide array of chemicals has not yet been tested for association with cognition in an environment-wide association framework. In the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 and 2011-2014 cross-sectional cycles, cognition was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, scores 0-117) among participants aged 60 years and older. Concentrations of environmental chemicals measured in blood or urine were log2 transformed and standardized. Chemicals with at least 50% of measures above the lower limit of detection were included (nchemicals = 147, nclasses=14). We tested for associations between chemical concentrations and cognition using parallel survey-weighted multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, fish consumption, cycle year, urinary creatinine, and cotinine. Participants with at least one chemical measurement (n = 4982) were mean age 69.8 years, 55.0% female, 78.2% non-Hispanic White, and 77.0% at least high school educated. The mean DSST score was 50.4 (standard deviation (SD)=17.4). In adjusted analyses, 5 of 147 exposures were associated with DSST at P-value &lt;.01. Notably, a SD increase in log2-scaled cotinine concentration was associated with 2.71 points lower DSST score (95% CI −3.69, −1.73). A SD increase in log2-scaled urinary tungsten concentration was associated with 1.34 points lower DSST score (95% CI −2.11, −0.56). Exposure to environmental chemicals, particularly metals and tobacco smoke, may be modifiable factors for cognition among older adults.