bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Praefanda
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book does its level best to accommodate all sorts of reader . The format is for each chapter to tackle one story, announced with twin illustrations: first come the Latin text and an English translation, then follows an introductory essay of analysis; finally, a ‘slo’mo’ commentary works through the lines of the poem, exploring literary, social, and cultural topics in detail. (Chapter 4 smuggles in a second tale (in fact, a tail); Chapter 8 moves away from ‘anecdotes’ to open up consideration of four ‘fables’ on kingship, before craning to survey the whole Aesopic take on monarchy, autocracy, and empire.)
Another Hard Luck Story: Phaedrus” Tale (3. Prologue)
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phaedra libelous lagers desideria’s laces portlet, Eutyches, a egotist, Ut liber animus striatum carmines’. ‘ Verminous ‘tanti no nest ingenium tucum, momentum horas preheat offcomers.
Romancing the Market, Reviling the State: Historicizing Liberalism, Privatization, and the Competing Claims to Civil Society
Authors: Somers Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the wake of the Eastern European revolutions of the 1980s citizenship has been rediscovered even while it is being continually reinvented. Its rediscovery is a result of world events: we live in a post-1989 geopolitical world stunningly reconfigured by revolutionary transformations in Eastern Europe. Its ongoing reinvention results from the wild unpredictability of this new world set off against the limitations of those few theories we have available to make sense of it all. Central to this project has been the recuperation of the concept of civil society.1 One of the most significant in a conceptual cluster I call the citizenship concepts,2 the civil society concept holds immense promise. It promises a fresh political vocabulary liberated from the stifling constraints of cold war Manichean dichotomies, and it resonates to the desiderata of conceptualizing more generally the necessary conditions for democratic and participatory social organization.
Prospects for Effective Social Citizenship in an Age of Structural Inactivity
Authors: Hemerijck Anton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the paradoxes of the contemporary European welfare state is that, while today practically every adult male and female seeks gainful employment, jobs are hard to come by. There is a growing number of (economically) inactive citizens, people of working age who are structurally dependent on social policy for their livelihood. The predicament of inactivity is concentrated among the low-skilled, ethnic minorities, and the long-term unemployed. A comparison of six European countries, considering unemployment, sickness, occupational disability, maternity, general need, and early retirement, reveals that levels of inactivity have dramatically increased over the past decade (see Table 7.1).
Sainsbury’s Spectra and Penrose’s Triangle
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Have I created an impossible problem for myself? I want to reconstruct genuine vagueness, the kind involving absolute borderline cases, from only those resources permitted by bivalent logic. Am I like an engraver who sets out to create shades of gray by scratching sharp black lines into a white surface? Well I hope so! Take a close look at George Washington’s picture on a one dollar bill. His face is gray. Washington’s face looks gray even after you notice that the picture is composed solely of fine black lines. All engraved portraits exploit the ‘spreading effect’: at a sufficiently fine scale, black and white are optically fused into gray. Shadows and shades of gray are rendered by varying the density of the lines.
Does Apriority Agglomerate?
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Must a valid syllogism with a priori premises have an a priori conclusion? Only if apriority collects over conjunction: (Ap & Aq) ⊃ A(p & q). Philosophers have presupposed this agglomeration principle rather than argued for it–or even asserted it. Historically, supporting arguments could have been quickly mustered. Apriority has long been closely associated with analyticity and necessity. They both agglomerate. Therefore, any account which implies that apriority is co-extensive with either of these notions also implies that apriority agglomerates. Agglomeration could have also been supported by appeals to the certainty, irrevisability, or the infallibility traditionally (and disastrously) associated with apriority. However, recent commentators would consider all of these arguments as outdated. They think traditional rationalists imposed an overly ambitious epistemology on a humble but useful concept. Once we pare away the extraneous, mistaken claims about apriority, we find a concept that a scientific naturalist could welcome (Goldman 1999). Recent progress in the psychology of mathematics may change this’could welcome’ into ‘should welcome’. I contend that this spare conception of apriority correctly undermines all the positive arguments in favor of agglomeration. It also paves the way for a re-examination of agglomeration that illuminates the sorites paradox.
What is the Sound of One Piano Plummeting?
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I predict that many music lovers would feel uneasy on witnessing a rendition of this work. That is how I felt when I attended a performance of Adrian Sherriff’s A Little Water Music for Gamelan (1998).1 Various brass pots were removed from Javanese musical instruments, turned upside down, and filled with water. The water was stirred, using the beaters with which the pots are normally struck, and poured from pot to pot according to a palindromic structure. As I watched, I cringed. I was glad that comparatively few Javanese were present. They treat their musical instruments with great respect. For instance, it is not appropriate to allow dogs to walk around within the orchestra and neither is it acceptable for anyone to step over the instruments, most of which are low to the ground. When ritual meals are made, an extra portion is set aside for the large gong, and the entire gamelan, as well as the players, are blessed.
Contra the Hypothetical Persona in Music1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The listener’s phenomenal experience of music’s expressiveness is more like a face-to-face encounter with someone who publicly and vividly displays his feeling than it is like hearing a dispassionate description of an emotional state. The expressiveness is immediate and direct, not filtered through an arbitrary symbol system. It is immanent in the music rather than something beyond the music’s boundaries to which its sound refers. But if the experience of the expressiveness is as of an occurrent emotion, whose emotion could that be? Given that the music is non-sentient, it appears that an owner of the emotions expressed in it must be found.
Morality, Human Understanding, and the Limits of Language
Authors: Tilghman Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is clear to us now that Wittgenstein’s concern in his earlier work was ethical. The Tractatus is an ethical document and was written not to expound, but to show the ethical point of view. M. O’C. Drury made a general comment about Wittgenstein’s work when he said that along side his interest in mathematics, logic, and psychology there is an ethical demand.1 Drury saw this ethical dimension in the drawing of the limits of language that puts ethics in its proper place. He said that to draw the limits of language requires self-denial and a renunciation of a very strong tendency in our nature. I have argued in other places that the Philosophical Investigations is also an ethical document. In addition to Drury’s point about the ethical demand implicit in drawing the limits of language it has, I think, an additional ethical dimension. I want to explain what that other dimension is and then draw attention to some of the passages in the Investigations and Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology as well as Zettel where this other dimension meets with the necessity of drawing the limits of language and then show where some of these limits are when we run up against contemporary American materialism.
The Investigations’ Everyday Aesthetics of Itself
Authors: Cavell Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have all, I assume, heard it said that Wittgenstein is a writer of unusual powers. Perhaps that is worth saying just because the powers are so unusual, anyway in a philosopher, and of his time and place. But why is this worth repeating-I assume we have all heard it repeated since as far as I know no one has denied it? Evidently the repetition expresses an uncertainty about whether Wittgenstein’s writing is essential to his philosophizing; whether, or to what extent, the work of the one coincides with the work of the other. If you conceive the work of philosophy as, let’s say, argumentation, of some well-understood sort, then it will be as easy to dismiss as to admire the writing-to admire it, perhaps, as a kind of ornament of the contemporary, or near contemporary, scene of professional philosophy, hence as something that lodges no philosophical demand for an accounting. But if you cannot shake an intuition, or illusion, that more is at issue than ornamentation (indeed that the issue of ornamentation is itself quite unclear), and yet you do not wish to deny argumentation, or something of the sort, as internal to philosophy, then a demand for some philosophical accounting of the writing is, awkwardly, hard to lose.
Synopsis of Hittite History
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The kingdom of the Hittites rose in the central Anatolian plateau, in the region called the Land of Hatti, during the early decades of the seventeenth century BC. In the course of the next 500 years, the period we call the Late Bronze Age, the Hittites built an empire which extended across much of the Anatolian landmass and from there through northern Syria to the western fringes of Mesopotamia.
The Scribe
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This well-known passage from Bellerophon’s story in the Iliadhas often been remarked upon as the only reference which Homer makes to writing. In his version of the story Proitos, king of Argos in Greece, sends Bellerophon (whom he wrongly believes to have seduced his wife) to Lyda in south-western Anatolia with a letter inscribed on wooden tablets for delivery to the Lycian king, Proitos’ father-in-law. Bellernphon himself is unaware of what the letter says. In fact it contains his death warrant (which fortunately for him was never put into effect).
The Farmer
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1n our investigations of almost all aspects of Hittite life and society we are constantly aware of one basic fact: the prosperity and well being and sustenance of the kingdom depended, to a critical degree, on the industry of its food-producers, the productivity of its soil, and the benevolence of the elements. That a country needs to produce sufficient quantities of food to feed its population may appear self evident.
The Merchant
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From our study of Hittite agriculture it is clear that a great many Hittites lived off the land. Indeed the revenues of the kingdom depended to a very large extent on the land’s agricultural produce and the taxes which it generated. Other sources of revenue came from the tribute of vassal states, in the form of a wide range of goods, including consignments of food, precious metals, and various other raw materials, or from war booty in the form of livestock and looted objects of gold, silver, and copper.
Marriage
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ln a number of respects, the Hittites adopted a quite liberal and pragmatic approach to the institution of marriage. De facto as well as formal marriages were recognized. There were regulations to ensure that marriage contracts were fulfilled, and due compensation paid to the aggrieved party when they were not. Prenuptial agreements were entered into which envisaged the possibility of a marriage breaking down. Divorce was apparently not uncommon, and divorce proceedings could as easily be initiated by a woman as by a man.
The Curers of Diseases
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As elsewhere in the Near East, medicine in the Hittite world was a skilled and respected occupation. It was also an internationally shared one. Medical expertise frequently crossed national bound aries, and foreign doctors found ready acceptance in the lands of their neighbours, particularly if they came from Egypt or Babylon. On more than one occasion the kings of these countries lent doctors to Hattusa for service in the Hittite court.
The Capital
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In these words King Anitta condemned to oblivion the city he had just destroyed.--Hattusa, the chief obstacle to his expanding empire in central Anatolia during the pre-Hittite Assyrian Colony period. How lay in ruins, never again to be resettled! But its destroyer’s curse had short-lived effect. Some 150 years later, a new city arose on the abandoned, weed covered site. Its founder, very likdy, was King Hattusili L Whether or not he knew of the curse, it was dearly incompatible with his developing vision of a brave new world, a powerful new kingdom, of which this derelict place would be the focal point. Ho: natural advantages were obvious.
Heterogeneous Preferences
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The central tenet of preference theory is that women are not a homogeneous group but divide into three groups that are not only qualitatively different but also have conflicting interests. Table 6.1 summarizes the key features of the three groups more fully than in Table 1.1, and gives our best estimate of the relative sizes of the three groups in societies where government policy does not actively force women into accepting only one model of women’s role. That is, Table 6.1 shows the relative size of the three groups in liberal and laissez faire societies. In Britain and the USA, by the end of the 20th century, the female population of working age divided very roughly into one-fifth in each of the two extreme groups: home-centred and work-centred, and over half in the adaptive group, which is generally the largest and most vocal in most countries.
Policy Applications
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social policies work best if they go ‘with the grain of the wood’ rather than against the grain. The presence of three separate preference groups among women complicates the policy process. Chapter 6 explored the conflicting interests of home-centred, adaptive, and work-centred women. This chapter extends the analysis by showing how policies have varying relevance to, and impact on the three groups. We cannot attempt a comprehensive review of all fiscal, social, family and welfare policies and their impact on women, but we discuss examples of each of them, to show their differential impact on the three groups of women.
Conclusions
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has been a flood of new research on women’s employment and position in society since the 1960s. Within this rich harvest of new information and ideas, it can be difficult to discern any broad pattern or common conclusions. Preference theory is one attempt to structure the evidence into a coherent perspective that makes sense of the diversity of research findings as well as the common themes. The theory is concerned primarily with the conditions of life for women, and the social changes that are creating a new scenario for women in the 21st century. The underlying theme of theories of social change has so far been ‘progress’, but the underlying theme of preference theory is ‘diversity and choice’.
Discovery
Authors: Painter Kenneth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Eruption of Vesuvius on 24 August ad 79 resulted in the deposit at Pompeii and Herculaneum and in the surrounding countryside of a number of groups of silver plate as well as isolated pieces, dishes with figured emblemata, and statuettes. Not only does this silver form the largest collection of surviving Roman plate, but its deposit is dated precisely, forming a unique chronological marker for the history of Roman art and manners.
Use of the Silver Plate in the House
Authors: Painter Kenneth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most obvious possibility is that the plate was used in a dining-room. In the case of the Boscoreale villa and its treasure this hypothesis at first caused problems. In 1897, as has already been described, Pasqui thought that the silver was either the proceeds of a robbery or a service brought from another villa belonging to the same owner. The reason for arguing this was that the triclinium (C) had not then been excavated, the smaller room F, which is probably a bedroom, was interpreted as the dining-room, and there did not seem to be room for a triclinium.
Addresses between Relatives
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this passage Ovid describes how the girl Byblis, who developed an incestuous passion for her brother, began by her use of address to reveal her feelings even before she herself was fully aware of them. Byblis tries to move away from specifically familial addresses, thus providing us with important clues to how sisters were normally addressed. In this chapter we shall examine the way Romans addressed their siblings and other people who were related to them by blood or marriage (except spouses, who are discussed in Chapter 11).
Weber, Mickwitz, and the Economic Characterization of Late Antiquity
Authors: Banaji Jairus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In ‘Finance, Coinage and Money from the Severans to Constantine’, which he published in 1975, Michael Crawford summed up the economic background of the late empire in the following terms: ‘Empire-wide, the debasement of the silver coinage brought about a move to the collection of taxes and the payment of soldiers and offcials largely in kind … The monetary circle simply became increasingly meaningless. It was doubtless completely abolished in the end by Theodosius I.’1 Crawford’s assertion illustrates an important fact: the crux of the theory of a late imperial economic decline has always been some set of postulates about the monetary history of the fourth century.
Wage Labour and the Peasantry
Authors: Banaji Jairus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ge ō rgoi regularly described themselves as ‘ge ō rgoi of such and such owner’, as in P. K ö ln III 152 (477?) where John son of Apphu called himself in an advance sale of fodder,1 or in P. Berl. Zilliacus 8 (663) where Sarapion son of Victor signed a good conduct bond with Peter, bishop of Arsinoe, calling himself . he implication is that such ‘peasants’ worked as regular employees of the owner rather than tenants bound by short-term contracts. SPP X 128 (Fayum, 7c.) refers to the ampelourgoi of the clarissimus Apphous, again with the implication that these were workers normally employed in this owner’s vineyards at Ampeliou.
The language of Shakespeare
Authors: Crystal David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You would expect a chapter on language near the beginning of a volume on Shakespeare. After all, that is what you hear and see, as soon as you open a book or watch a play. But that first encounter is deceptive in its apparent ease and obviousness, for we all bring to the book and the theatre our own language; and therein lies the problem. Reading a text is a meeting of minds; and when the minds are separated by 400 years of linguistic change, we must expect some difficulties.
Humanist interpretations
Authors: Bristol Michael D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Humanism is a word with too many meanings. It can mean simply the state of being human, or, more commonly, a concern for the welfare of human beings. In this sense being humanistic means more or the less the same as being humanitarian. But humanism refers specifically to an educational programme based on the study of Greek and Latin classical literature that originated in Italy in the fourteenth century.
Deconstruction
Authors: Ryan Kiernan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Deconstruction has much in common with several of the approaches to Shakespeare discussed in this section. It shares with the approach in Chapter 28 a commitment to the close reading of Shakespeare’s texts. Like psychoanalytic criticism (see Chapter 31), deconstruction is intrigued by the conflict in the plays between what they overtly assert and what they unconsciously disclose.
Shakespeare’s influence
Authors: Gross John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shakespeare has had a huge influence on other writers and artists. It began during his own lifetime, it has spread through many different cultures, and it continues today. In some cases individual plays or characters have served as an inspiration, in others it has been an aspect of his work as a whole-his freedom in handling time and space, for instance, or his skill at relating public and political themes to private lives.
The Odyssey
Authors: Buxton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we examine the significance of corporeal transformations within the Odyssey, our point of departure will be what is, apparently, nothing but a tiny detail. However, the scholarly debate over this detail repays scrutiny. It raises large questions not only about metamorphosis in Homer, but also about the nature of Greek religion, and about the assumptions of those who attempt to understand it
Telemachos has sailed to Pylons in search of news about his long-absent father; the young man is accompanied by Athene, who has adopted the form and voice of Odysseus’ trusty companion Mentor. Having assured herself that Nestor, the stalwart old ruler of Pylos, has granted Telemachos a splendidly hospitable reception, Athene can, for the time being, leave the action to the mortals.
Visual Arts
Authors: Buxton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At all periods of ancient Greek culture, verbal narratives of myths were complemented, supplemented, and sometimes contradicted by visual representations. Images of metamorphosis illustrate how artists faced quite challenges from those confronting composers of literary narratives. Modern interpreters too face challenges when viewing these images. One recurrent problem involves deciding whether what is being depicted should or should not be regarded as metamorphosis, an issue bound up with the relationship between metamorphosis and hybridity. A point which has been less often highlighted concerns the degree of’strangeness’ to be detected in images of transformation.
Final Thoughts on Contexts
Authors: Buxton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Part I of this study I analysed Greek metamorphosis narratives in a range of historical, literary, and artistic contexts. So far in Part II I have looked for cross-contextual patterns, a ‘logic’, underlying the beliefs investigated, and I have juxtaposed the metamorphic tradition with the views of thinkers who engaged with it from a variety of critical standpoints. There remains one question to ask. How far can a contextual approach to interpretation claim to throw light on a strange, indeed an astonishing, belief such as that in metamorphosis?
The frequency with which thambos recurs in Greek metamorphosis narratives demonstrates that, already for the Greeks themselves, metamorphoses were liable to unsettle and shock in virtue of their strangeness.