bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cross‐cutting edge: Medical selection and education viewed through the lens of emotional intelligence
Authors: Tiffin Paul A. , Roberts Richard D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContextEvidence suggesting the benefits of compassionate, person‐centred care, for both patients and physicians is accruing. Medical selection, for example, aims to choose future health professionals that possess the correct attitudes, beliefs and personal attributes to deliver such care. Moreover, once in training, these desirable personal qualities should be developed and maintained, sometimes in the face of adverse health care service conditions. However, advances in selecting for, and developing, these abilities and attributes in health care have been hindered by a lack of clarity regarding how the relevant skills and traits should be defined, measured, developed and maintained in clinicians.MethodsIn this article, we demonstrate how developments in the emotional intelligence (EI) field can be applied to the challenge of selecting for, and developing, relevant interpersonal care skills in medical students and physicians. The concept of EI itself has been somewhat controversial. However, a more nuanced understanding of EI has evolved in the light of research findings that can be applied to medical selection and education. Specifically, we propose modifications to the existing ‘cascading’ model of EI. This model identifies, and relates, several key socioemotional skills and traits that could be considered as ‘the elementary particles’ of EI required to deliver compassionate, person‐centred care.ConclusionsOur model of EI, which is relevant to care delivery, identifies putative targets for both medical selection and training. Selection for medical school and subsequent clinical education should focus on screening out those with low levels of the traits and abilities less amenable to training. Conversely, medical education should be concerned with developing and maintaining the socioemotional skills, attitudes and behaviours critical to the delivery of compassionate, person‐centred care. This is especially important for specialties characterised by high levels of emotional labour and possible resultant compassion fatigue.
Cardiac complications in thalassemia throughout the lifespan: Victories and challenges
Authors: Wood John C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThalassemias are among the most common hereditary diseases in the world because heterozygosity offers protection against malarial infection. Affected individuals have variable expression of alpha or beta chains that lead to their unbalanced utilization during hemoglobin formation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of red cell precursors prior to maturation. Some individuals produce sufficient hemoglobin to survive but suffer the vascular stress imposed by chronic anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. In other patients, mature red cell formation is insufficient, and chronic transfusions are required—suppressing anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis but at the expense of iron overload. The cardiovascular consequences of thalassemia have changed dramatically over the previous five decades because of evolving treatment practices. This review summarizes this evolution, focusing on complications and management pertinent to modern patient cohorts.
Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin accelerates apoptotic bleb formation in human ameloblastoma
Authors: Yamashita Junya , Kimoto Akira , Teraoka Shun , Hiraoka Yujiro , Takeda Daisuke , Kakei Yasumasa , Shigeoka Manabu , Hasegawa Takumi , Akashi Masaya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough benign, ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive lesion in some patients and the development of additional treatments is needed. Verteporfin (VP) is a photosensitizer exhibiting considerable photocytotoxicity in various tumor cells. We aimed to investigate the effects of verteporfin photodynamic therapy (VP PDT) on ameloblastoma.MethodsEighteen patients who underwent surgery for ameloblastoma were randomly selected. We performed an immunohistochemical assessment to investigate the expression of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and Yes‐associated protein (YAP), targets of VP, in human ameloblastoma tissues and cultured human ameloblastoma cell line (HAM1). The effect of VP PDT on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HAM1 was analyzed.ResultsThe expression of LDLR and YAP were detected in human ameloblastoma tissues and HAM1. LDLR expression was significantly higher in patients who had previously undergone surgery than in patients who were receiving it for the first time. The cytotoxic effect of the combination of low‐concentration VP administration and laser irradiation was comparable to high‐concentration VP administration with and without laser irradiation. The addition of laser irradiation to VP administration significantly accelerated apoptotic bleb formation compared with VP administration alone.ConclusionVP PDT has the potential to become an additional treatment for large‐sized ameloblastoma.
Remote monitoring of implantable cardiac monitors in patients with unexplained syncope: Predictors of false‐positive alert episodes
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Covino Simona , De Pasquale Valentina , Parente Erika , Comune Angelo , Rago Anna , Papa Andrea Antonio , Ammendola Ernesto , Spadaro Guerra Andrea , Napoli Paola , Golino Paolo , Nigro Gerardo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRemote monitoring is recommended for patients with implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs), but compared to other cardiac implantable devices, ICMs are less accurate and transmit a higher number of alerts.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of false‐positive (FP) arrhythmic alerts in patients with unexplained syncope who were implanted with ICM and followed by an automatic remote monitoring system.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all consecutive patients who received a long‐sensing vector ICM for unexplained syncope between January 2019 to September 2021 at our Syncope Unit. The primary endpoint was the incidence of the first FP episode. The secondary endpoints included assessing the incidence of FP episodes for all types of algorhythms and indentifying the reasons for the misdetection of these episodes.ResultsAmong 105 patients (44.8% males, median age 51 years), 51 (48.6%) transmitted at least one FP alert during a median follow‐up of 301 days. The presence of pre‐ventricular complexes (PVCs) on the resting electrocardiogram was the only clinical characteristic associated with an increased risk of FP alerts (adjusted Hazard ratio [HR] 5.76 [2.66–12.4], p = 0.010). The other significant device‐related variables were a low‐frequency filter at 0.05 Hz versus the default 0.5 Hz (adjusted HR 3.82 [1.38–10.5], p = 0.010) and the R‐wave amplitude (adjusted HR 0.35 [0.13–0.99], p = 0.049).ConclusionPatients who have PVCs are at higher risk of inappropriate ICM activations. To reduce the occurrence of FP alerts, it may be beneficial to target a large R‐wave amplitude during device insertion and avoid programming a low‐frequency filter at 0.05 Hz.
Predictive variables of depressive symptoms and anxiety in older adults from primary care: a cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Gómez‐Soria Isabel , Ferreira Chelo , Oliván‐Blazquez Bárbara , Aguilar‐Latorre Alejandra , Calatayud Estela 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundBy 2050, the number of people aged 60 years and older will have doubled worldwide and the most common mental disorders in this age group are currently depressive symptoms and anxiety. This study aimed to analyze the Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (BADLs and IADLs, respectively) in older adults; socio‐demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and environmental variables; and cognitive impairment related to the appearance of depressive symptoms and anxiety.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted with 327 participants aged ≥65 years in primary care. The variables were Yesavage's Geriatric Depression Scale, the Goldberg Anxiety Subscale, socio‐demographic, clinical, lifestyle, environmental variables, BADLs, IADLs, and the Spanish version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination.ResultsAn analysis of variance was carried out for the predictive multiple linear regression models. ‘≥ 1 chronic pathology’ and ‘low dependency’ in BADL are negatively associated with anxiety, while ‘physical activity’ and ‘low dependency’ in BADL are associated with positive factors for depressive symptoms.ConclusionsPredictor variables could improve the early detection of anxiety and depressive symptoms by general practitioners and serve as a basis for future studies and personalised‐adapted cognitive stimulation programs.
Competition influences outcome processing involving social comparison: An ERP study
Authors: Lin Huiyan , Liang Jiafeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn a complicated social context, outcome evaluation involves not only oneself but also others in relation to the self (i.e., social comparison). Previous event‐related potential (ERP) studies have investigated the processing of social comparison‐related outcomes when one's interests are independent of the interests of others (i.e., noncompetition circumstances). However, it is unclear how social comparison‐related outcomes are processed in the brain when there are conflicts of interest between oneself and others (i.e., competition circumstances). To address this issue, participants in the current study were asked to perform an attentional task with several peers and were subsequently presented with self‐related outcomes (i.e., the performance difference between the current trial and several preceding trials) and social comparison‐related outcomes (i.e., the performance difference between oneself and their peer). Importantly, rewards and punishments were based on social comparison‐related outcomes in the competition condition and on self‐related outcomes in the noncompetition condition. ERP results revealed that in the competition condition, positive outcomes involving social comparison elicited a greater P300 response than negative outcomes, whereas this effect was not observed in the noncompetition condition. Additionally, there was generally a larger late positive potential (LPP) response to negative outcomes involving social comparison than to positive outcomes only when one obtained a self‐related positive outcome in the competition condition. These findings suggest that competition might strengthen outcome processing involving social comparison at late time ranges relying on self‐related outcomes to some extent.
Exploring uterine inflammation in postpartum primiparous precocious and conventional and multiparous Bos indicus beef cows
Authors: Andrade Jéssica de Souza , Moreira Elizângela Mírian , de Souza Vanessa Lemos , Barbosa Ingrid Pedraça , Silva George Moreira , Gomes Leonardo Silva , Silva Samira Alves de Souza , Noleto Gabrielly Cristina Santos , da Silva Renata Reis , Londero Uriel Secco , Correa Márcio Nunes , Pfeifer Luiz Francisco Machado 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the postpartum uterine dynamics of primiparous precocious (PP), primiparous conventional (PC) and multiparous conventional (MC) Bos indicus beef cows. For this purpose, PP (n = 8), PC (n = 18) and MC (n = 12) cows were enrolled in this study. These cows were evaluated at 20 and 10 days prepartum and weekly from parturition to 42 days postpartum (DPP). During this period, body weight (BW), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and serum concentrations of glucose, β‐hydroxybutyrate, albumin and haptoglobin were measured. Proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and abundance of mRNA transcripts of genes involved in uterine inflammation and uterine health were evaluated. The PP cows had lower (p < .05) BW and SFT than that for PC and MC cows during the study period. The serum concentration of albumin after 35 DPP was lower (p < .05) in PP cows. The PP cows had the highest proportion of PMN on 28 and 35 DPP compared to PC and MC cows. The relative mRNA abundance of IL‐1β and IL‐8 increased after 21 DPP in PP cows compared to the other groups. The PC had the highest, MC had an intermediate, and PP cows had the lowest relative abundance of IL10 mRNA. Overall, these findings indicated that uterine inflammation was more pronounced in PP cows. Moreover, based on the proportion of PMN and abundance of transcripts associated with inflammation in the uterus, PP cows may require a longer period to recover their uterine health after calving.
Do China and Russia undermine Western sanctions? Evidence from DiD and event study estimation
Authors: Gutmann Jerg , Neuenkirch Matthias , Neumeier Florian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivated by the claim that China and Russia purposefully and systematically undermine Western sanction efforts, we study the effects of US and EU sanctions on trade flows between sanctioned and third countries during the period 2002–2019. We find no evidence of systematic sanction busting by Russia. For China, our results are more ambiguous. While we do not find robust evidence for an increase in overall trade between China and countries targeted by Western sanctions, trade in (raw) materials and critical goods increases notably.
Decreased neural drive affects the early rate of force development after repeated burst‐like isometric contractions
Authors: Boccia Gennaro , D'Emanuele Samuel , Brustio Paolo Riccardo , Rainoldi Alberto , Schena Federico , Tarperi Cantor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe neural drive to the muscle is the primary determinant of the rate of force development (RFD) in the first 50 ms of a rapid contraction. It is still unproven if repetitive rapid contractions specifically impair the net neural drive to the muscles. To isolate the fatiguing effect of contraction rapidity, 17 male adult volunteers performed 100 burst‐like (i.e., brief force pulses) isometric contractions of the knee extensors. The response to electrically‐evoked single and octet femoral nerve stimulation was measured with high‐density surface electromyography (HD‐sEMG) from the vastus lateralis and medialis muscles. Root mean square (RMS) of each channel of HD‐sEMG was normalized to the corresponding M‐wave peak‐to‐peak amplitude, while muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) was normalized to M‐wave conduction velocity to compensate for changes in sarcolemma properties. Voluntary RFD 0–50 ms decreased (d = −0.56, p < 0.001) while time to peak force (d = 0.90, p < 0.001) and time to RFDpeak increased (d = 0.56, p = 0.034). Relative RMS (d = −1.10, p = 0.006) and MFCV (d = −0.53, p = 0.007) also decreased in the first 50 ms of voluntary contractions. Evoked octet RFD 0–50 ms (d = 0.60, p = 0.020), M‐wave amplitude (d = 0.77, p = 0.009) and conduction velocity (d = 1.75, p < 0.001) all increased. Neural efficacy, i.e., voluntary/octet force ratio, largely decreased (d = −1.50, p < 0.001). We isolated the fatiguing impact of contraction rapidity and found that the decrement in RFD, particularly when calculated in the first 50 ms of muscle contraction, can mainly be explained by a decrease in the net neural drive.
Photosynthetic plasticity aggravates the susceptibility of magnesium‐deficient leaf to high light in rapeseed plants: the importance of Rubisco and mesophyll conductance
Authors: Ye Xiaolei , Gao Ziyi , Xu Ke , Li Binglin , Ren Tao , Li Xiaokun , Cong Rihuan , Lu Zhifeng , Cakmak Ismail , Lu Jianwei 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYPlants grown under low magnesium (Mg) soils are highly susceptible to encountering light intensities that exceed the capacity of photosynthesis (A), leading to a depression of photosynthetic efficiency and eventually to photooxidation (i.e., leaf chlorosis). Yet, it remains unclear which processes play a key role in limiting the photosynthetic energy utilization of Mg‐deficient leaves, and whether the plasticity of A in acclimation to irradiance could have cross‐talk with Mg, hence accelerating or mitigating the photodamage. We investigated the light acclimation responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus) grown under low‐ and adequate‐Mg conditions. Magnesium deficiency considerably decreased rapeseed growth and leaf A, to a greater extent under high than under low light, which is associated with higher level of superoxide anion radical and more severe leaf chlorosis. This difference was mainly attributable to a greater depression in dark reaction under high light, with a higher Rubisco fallover and a more limited mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm). Plants grown under high irradiance enhanced the content and activity of Rubisco and gm to optimally utilize more light energy absorbed. However, Mg deficiency could not fulfill the need to activate the higher level of Rubisco and Rubisco activase in leaves of high‐light‐grown plants, leading to lower Rubisco activation and carboxylation rate. Additionally, Mg‐deficient leaves under high light invested more carbon per leaf area to construct a compact leaf structure with smaller intercellular airspaces, lower surface area of chloroplast exposed to intercellular airspaces, and CO2 diffusion conductance through cytosol. These caused a more severe decrease in within‐leaf CO2 diffusion rate and substrate availability. Taken together, plant plasticity helps to improve photosynthetic energy utilization under high light but aggravates the photooxidative damage once the Mg nutrition becomes insufficient.
Does Belt and Road Initiative attract Cross‐Border M&As from other countries?
Authors: Zhan Chaoqun , Wang Hanxi , Hou Chenxue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) affects Cross‐Border M&As (CMAs) inflows to countries along the Belt and Road routes (BRI countries) from non‐BRI countries. We conduct a difference‐in‐differences estimation with a control group constructed through propensity score matching. We find that the BRI significantly reduces CMAs from non‐BRI countries to BRI countries. The results are robust to various concerns and specifications. We uncover two important mechanisms driving the results: the increased CMAs within BRI countries and the potential debt risks. We also find heterogeneous effects across countries.
Eyelid and conjunctival mast cell tumors: A retrospective study of 26 dogs and 8 cats
Authors: Fischer Britta M. , Kessler Martin , Braus Barbara K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to describe clinical and histologic characteristics of eyelid (LMCT) and conjunctival (CMCT) mast cell tumors in dogs and cats presented to a referral clinic in Germany.Animal StudiedMedical records were reviewed to identify dogs and cats diagnosed with LMCTs or CMCTs between 2006 and 2020.ResultsLMCT were diagnosed in 31 patients and were cutaneous (n = 28; 20 dogs and 8 cats) or subcutaneous (three dogs). Five cases involved the mucocutaneous junction (four dogs, one cat). CMCTs occurred only in dogs (n = 3). At the time of presentation two of the four canine LMCT cases involving the mucocutaneous junction had metastasized to a mandibular lymph node. When applying the Kiupel system, both these cases were categorized as high grade. 85.7% (18/21) of the canine (19 cutaneous and 2 subcutaneous) LMCT and all CMCT cases were categorized as Kiupel low grade. No local recurrences occurred in all LMCT cases in which clean surgical margins were obtained (n = 18, mean surgical margin width: dogs 9.4 mm, cats 3.8 mm). Two cats (2/4) and four dogs (4/7) with questionable or incomplete surgical margins experienced local recurrences (mean time to recurrence of 180 and 637 days in dogs and cats, respectively).ConclusionRecurrence of low‐grade LMCTs and CMCTs following excision with clean margins is rare. Tumors involving the mucocutaneous junction may be of higher grade and prone to lymphatic metastasis.
Upper Extremity Muscle Activation Pattern Prediction Through Synergy Extrapolation and Electromyography-Driven Modeling
Authors: Tahmid Shadman , Font-Llagunes Josep M. , Yang James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Patients with neuromuscular disease fail to produce necessary muscle force and have trouble maintaining joint moment required to perform activities of daily living. Measuring muscle force values in patients with neuromuscular disease is important but challenging. Electromyography (EMG) can be used to obtain muscle activation values, which can be converted to muscle forces and joint torques. Surface electrodes can measure activations of superficial muscles, but fine-wire electrodes are needed for deep muscles, although it is invasive and require skilled personnel and preparation time. EMG-driven modeling with surface electrodes alone could underestimate the net torque. In this research, authors propose a methodology to predict muscle activations from deeper muscles of the upper extremity. This method finds missing muscle activation one at a time by combining an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model and muscle synergies. This method tracks inverse dynamics joint moments to determine synergy vector weights and predict muscle activation of selected shoulder and elbow muscles of a healthy subject. In addition, muscle-tendon parameter values (optimal fiber length, tendon slack length, and maximum isometric force) have been personalized to the experimental subject. The methodology is tested for a wide range of rehabilitation tasks of the upper extremity across multiple healthy subjects. Results show this methodology can determine single unmeasured muscle activation up to Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99 (root mean squared error, RMSE = 0.001) and 0.92 (RMSE = 0.13) for the elbow and shoulder muscles, respectively, for one degree-of-freedom (DoF) tasks. For more complicated five DoF tasks, activation prediction accuracy can reach up to R = 0.71 (RMSE = 0.29).