bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upward transfer in Southeast China and Taiwan: Longitudinal trends of a family ritual
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Chang , Chan Chin‐Han 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the evolving patterns of intergenerational financial support in China and Taiwan.BackgroundThe paradoxical divergence (PD) perspective suggests that family behaviors in China resemble those of Western countries, while Taiwanese families exhibit more traditional practices despite their higher societal income. Conversely, the developmental idealism (DI) perspective anticipates a convergence over time as modern family beliefs become more widespread. The evolving dynamics of financial support defy both PD and DI expectations, suggesting sustained prevalence of giving to parents as a family ritual.MethodThis study employs a hybrid panel model to examine intergenerational financial support using longitudinal data from Southeast China and Taiwan.ResultsOur analysis reveals a shift toward Taiwanese‐like patterns in the frequency and amount of financial assistance given to parents in China. Rising personal income, a significant fixed effect, prompts sons and daughters in China to provide more frequent and substantial financial support to their parents. In Taiwan, despite diminishing trends over time, gender disparities in upward transfers persist.ConclusionThe study highlights that the modernization of intergenerational transfers in Chinese families is moderate. The family ritual perspective provides a more nuanced understanding of the trends and patterns of intergenerational transfer in China and Taiwan.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring During 52 Hours in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Haemodialysis Treatment—An Exploratory Pilot Study
Authors: Stenberg Jenny , Sandberg Oskar , Marttala Kerstin , Svensson Maria K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHypertension in patients with haemodialysis is mainly characterised by high pre‐dialysis blood pressure (BP) due to body fluid retention before dialysis, and the BP tends to decrease after dialysis due to removal of water during dialysis. Intervals between haemodialysis treatments vary and a long inter‐dialytic interval dialysis is associated with increased mortality.ObjectiveTo examine variations in BP; how ambulatory BP vary during a dialysis treatment performed after the long inter‐dialytic interval, that is, the first treatment of the week, compared to dialysis after a short inter‐dialytic interval, and in the interval between the two dialysis sessions.DesignExploratory non‐interventional observational.ParticipantsEleven patients with chronic kidney disease Stage 5 treated with haemodialysis were enroled. The mean age was 69 years (range 48–87) and mean dialysis duration 65 months (range 4–128).MeasurementsAmbulatory BP was recorded for 52 h including two haemodialysis treatments and one inter‐dialytic interval. For statistical analyses the Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used.ResultsSignificant differences in systolic and diastolic BPs were observed between dialyses after long inter‐dialytic interval and short inter‐dialytic interval, respectively (systolic 122 mmHg vs. 114 mmHg, p = 0.012 and diastolic 62 mmHg vs. 61 mmHg, p = 0.036). In addition, the BP declined during the first 90 min during dialysis in both settings.ConclusionsMeasuring ambulatory BP for 52 h in patient with chronic kidney disease and haemodialysis is feasible and show that both systolic and diastolic BP differ between dialysis treatments following inter‐dialytic intervals of diverse length. These findings should be replicated in larger studies.
The Benefits of Early Work Experience for School Dropouts: Evidence From a Field Experiment
Authors: Hervelin Jérémy , Villedieu Pierre 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the question of whether job‐related work experience, especially in tight occupations, is sufficient to increase the employment opportunities of school dropouts in comparison with graduates. To answer this question, we conducted a correspondence study with 6400 applications sent to real job offers and 8200 unsolicited applications between January and December 2018. We find that dropouts have lower probabilities of being interviewed for job positions than graduates, but this gap narrows for dropouts who gained work experience and even more so when skills certification is associated. Furthermore, we find that tougher competition with external job seekers shrinks the interview rate of all applicants toward the minimum interview observed rate.
Availability and Practice Patterns of Videolaryngoscopy and Adaptation of Apneic Oxygenation in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Cross‐Sectional Survey of Pediatric Anesthesiologists
Authors: Bai Wenyu , Koppera Prabhat , Yuan Yuan , Mentz Graciela , Pearce Bridget , Therrian Megan , Reynolds Paul , Brown Sydney E. S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVideolaryngoscopy (VL) and apneic oxygenation are highly recommended and increasingly used in pediatric anesthesia practice; yet, availability, use in recommended clinical settings (e.g., neonates, airway emergencies, and out‐of‐operating‐room tracheal intubation), and the association of VL availability with how pediatric anesthesiologists define difficult intubation have not been explored.MethodAn electronic survey was distributed to the members of several international pediatric anesthesia societies to examine the availability and practice patterns of VL and to explore the criteria used to define a difficult tracheal intubation in children in the context of VL.ResultsThe response rate was 12.9%. VL was reported to be “most likely available” in main pediatric operating rooms and offsite locations 93% and 80.1% of the time, respectively. Fifty‐seven percent of participants would select VL first when anticipating a difficult tracheal intubation; nearly 30% of respondents would choose direct laryngoscopy first and VL as a backup in this scenario. One‐third of subjects would select VL as their first choice for nonoperating room (non‐OR) emergency tracheal intubation and for premature or newborn infants, regardless of anticipated difficulty with intubation. Thirty percent of subjects reported using apneic oxygenation during difficult laryngoscopy. Institutional VL availability was not associated with how providers defined difficult tracheal intubation.ConclusionVL is highly available, but the adoption of VL and apneic oxygenation for managing difficult tracheal intubation was lower than expected, given recent recommendations by pediatric anesthesia societies. There was heterogeneity in how difficult intubation was defined, resulting in a possible patient safety risk.
Fiscal Stance, Fiscal Rules, and Public Debt Dynamics in the United States
Authors: Abubakar Attahir B. , Mamman Suleiman O. , Iliyasu Jamilu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPublic debt in the United States has continued to rise despite the implementation of various policy measures aimed at curbing its growth. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Dynamic Simulated ARDL models were used to examine the effect of fiscal stance and fiscal rules on the dynamics of US public debt. The findings reveal that while fiscal tightening is useful in reducing public debt accumulation, the adoption of fiscal rules may be unbeneficial for curtailing public debt, implying that discretion, rather than rules, may be more desirable for public debt management in the United States.
Temporal dynamics of negative emotion regulation: Insights from facial electromyography
Authors: Kreibig Sylvia D. , Gross James J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEmotion regulation (ER) is a multifaceted process that unfolds over time. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of ER on negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA). We examined whether NA and PA changes occur sequentially or concurrently. After participants had been exposed to unpleasant pictures for 8000 ms, they received instructions to either continue viewing the picture (no regulation) or reappraise it with a neutral meaning (neutralize goal) or positive meaning (transform goal) for another 8000 ms. We obtained corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major electromyography (EMG) as objective measures of NA and PA. For the no‐regulation condition, upon instruction onset, we observed maintained high corrugator and low zygomaticus EMG reactivity, indicating sustained NA activation. Compared to no‐regulation, for the neutralize goal, we observed corrugator reduction starting at 1500 ms after instruction onset and no change in zygomaticus, indicating decreased NA and generation of neutral emotion. For the transform goal, we observed corrugator reduction starting at 1000 ms and zygomaticus increase at 3500 ms after instruction onset, indicating decreased NA and increased PA and generation of positive emotion. Model‐fitting analyses showed that the best‐fitting trajectory for the transform goal's pattern of change was initial NA reduction that turns into PA increase at 2000 ms. These distinct temporal patterns highlight the possibility of effecting one‐dimensional NA change with the neutralize goal and sequential two‐dimensional change (first decreasing NA, then increasing PA) with the transform goal. This research sheds light on the time course of emotional change generated by different emotion goals.
Modulation of Fear Extinction by Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lin Jingyuan , Dou Haoran , Zhang Huoyin , Cao Ying , Lei Yi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNon‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is an emerging treatment for mental disorders that is painlessness and easy to administer. However, its effectiveness for modulating fear extinction requires further elucidation. We searched eight bibliographical databases and identified randomized controlled trials of NIBS and fear extinction in healthy populations. Outcomes were evaluated based on skin conductance responses (SCRs) under three experimental stimuli: threat condition stimulation (CS+), safe condition stimulation (CS−), and their discrimination (CS+ minus CS−). We applied a random‐effects model to determine effect sizes (Hedge's g) post‐stimulation and assessed article quality using Physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. Twenty‐one studies meeting systematic review criteria were included in this analysis, incorporating 40 independent effect sizes and data from 11 studies (n = 632) in the meta‐analysis. Compared with the control group, SCRs in CS+ and discrimination were significantly reducted in the intervention group. Fear extinction was more effective in the 24‐h test than immediately after NIBS. In conclusion, NIBS enhanced fear extinction, and the time interval between stimulation and testing may serve as a moderating variable.
Quality in Question: Assessing the Accuracy of Four Heart Rate Wearables and the Implications for Psychophysiological Research
Authors: Sinichi Mohammadamin , Gevonden Martin J. , Krabbendam Lydia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHeart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are two key measures with significant relevance in psychophysiological studies, and their measurement has become more convenient due to advances in wearable technology. However, photoplethysmography (PPG)‐based wearables pose critical validity concerns. In this study, we validated four PPG wearables: three consumer‐grade devices (Kyto2935, Schone Rhythm 24, and HeartMath Inner Balance Bluetooth) and one research‐grade device (Empatica EmbracePlus, successor to the widely‐used but discontinued Empatica E4). All devices were worn simultaneously by 40 healthy participants who underwent conditions commonly used in laboratory research (seated rest, arithmetic task, recovery, slow‐paced breathing, a neuropsychological task, posture manipulation by standing up) and encountered in ambulatory‐like settings (slow walking and stationary biking), compared against a criterion electrocardiography device, the Vrije Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System (VU‐AMS). We determined the signal quality, the linear strength through regression analysis, the bias through Bland–Altman analysis, and the measurement error through mean arctangent absolute percentage error for each condition against the criterion device. We found that the research‐grade device did not outperform the consumer‐grade devices in laboratory conditions. It also showed low agreement with the ECG in ambulatory‐like conditions. In general, devices captured HR more accurately than HRV. Finally, conditions that deviated from baseline settings and involved slight to high movement, negatively impacted the agreement between PPG devices and the criterion. We conclude that PPG devices, even those advertised and designed for research purposes, may pose validity concerns for HRV measurement in conditions other than those similar to resting states.
Soil structural stability improvement using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar in water repellent and non‐water repellent soil
Authors: Aminzadeh Armita , Dorostkar Vajiheh , Asghari Hamid Reza 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSoil hydrophobicity has increased in recent years due to the expansion of arid lands. In these lands soil inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and application of biochar are two soil improvement strategies. The formation and stability of soil aggregates can be significantly influenced by these management practices. In the present study, the simultaneous effect of sugarcane biochar (0%, 1% and 2%) and AMF (+AMF and −AMF) on the improvement of water repellent (WR) and non‐water repellent (NWR) soil structure was investigated under corn cultivation in greenhouse. Incorporation of 2% biochar into NWR soil increased soil organic carbon by 155% and 94% in AMF and non‐AMF treatments, respectively, compared to the control (without biochar). However, this increase was less pronounced in WR soil. The difference in soil carbohydrate concentration between AMF and non‐AMF treatments enhanced with increasing biochar application level from 25% to 144% in non‐water repellent soil and from 51% to 147% in water repellent soil. The results indicated that the interaction between AMF and biochar had a significant positive effect on both soil microbial respiration and glomalin concentration. To measure the soil aggregate stability, the high‐energy soil moisture characteristic curve (HEMC) method was used. The positive effects of biochar and AMF on soil structural stability indices were observed in both studied soils. However, these positive effects were influenced by their interactive effects. Two percent biochar application in non‐water repellent soil, limited the positive effect of AMF on soil stability improvement by 73%. While, in water repellent soil, structural stability indices improved with 1% and 2% biochar application by 13.4% and 19.7% respectively, due to soil wettability improvement and consequently better microbial activities. Finally, in addition to the interactive effects of microbial activities and biochar on soil structural characteristics, the level of soil hydrophobicity is also effective in improving soil structure under these studies managements.
Use of an anti‐D‐alloimmunization kinetics model to correct the interval censored D‐alloimmunization rate following red blood cell transfusions
Authors: Jochumsen Emil Ainsworth , Selleng Kathleen , Raval Jay S. , Bub Carolina Bonet , Kutner Jose M. , Sprogøe Ulrik , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionThe rate of D‐alloimmunization amongst RhD‐negative recipients of RhD‐positive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions is not certain. Recipients with a short duration between the index RhD‐positive transfusion and the last antibody detection test that did not show anti‐D might become D‐alloimmunized in the future. A regression model was developed to predict how often such patients might develop D‐alloimmunization in the future to help account for the immunohematological uncertainty that accompanies having short serological follow up periods.MethodsUsing the published literature on recipients who were intentionally transfused with RhD‐positive RBCs and serially followed with antibody screens, as well as unpublished datasets, a regression model was constructed to demonstrate the timing of D‐alloimmunization for recipients who became D‐alloimmunized within 6 months following the index transfusion. The model was then applied to a series of RhD‐negative hospitalized recipients of at least one unit of RhD‐positive RBCs who did not become D‐alloimmunized but who had fewer than 6 months of serological follow up to weight their contribution to the D‐alloimmunization rate.ResultsOverall, the rate of D‐alloimmunization was 21/105 (20.0%). There were 39 patients whose last documented antibody screen was performed between 14 days and 6 months after the index RhD‐positive transfusion, and these patients were entered into the weighted model. After applying the model, the D‐alloimmunization rate rose to 26.3%.ConclusionUsing a weighted model can help reduce the immunohematological uncertainty that accompanies the inclusion of patients with relatively short serological follow up in studies of RBC alloimmunization.
Intraocular Pressure Reference Values Comparing Two Rebound Tonometers (TonoVet and TonoVet Plus) in Male Camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Perez Orrico Maria Luisa , Sabater Gonzalez Mikel , Villar Ibañez Jessica , Planas Escudero Javier , Smith Kinley , Pinheiro de Lacerda Rodrigo , Mazzucchelli Samuela 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) reference values in healthy male camels using two rebound tonometers: TonoVet (TV) and TonoVet Plus (TV+), and to compare measurements between both devices and in different body positions.Animals' StudiedThirty‐four healthy, captive, adult (8–24 years and a median age of 14), male camels belonging to a zoological collection in Fuerteventura, Spain.MethodsAll camels underwent general physical examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and tonometry, under minimal physical restraint (headstall and chute). Three consecutive readings were acquired with TV and/or TV+ in the right and/or left eyes in standing and/or sitting positions, whenever possible. Comparisons between groups were made when paired data for the test variable was available for the same eye (for tonometer and body position) or for the same animal (for left and right eyes) using paired t‐tests.ResultsThe mean IOP (± standard error and range) in standing position was 18.51 mmHg (0.52, 10.33–24.33 mmHg) for TV and 19.53 mmHg (0.50, 12.33–26.33 mmHg) for TV+. In sitting position, the IOP was 14.70 mmHg (0.49, 11.33–18.33 mmHg) for TV and 16.28 mmHg (0.47, 13‐19.66 mmHg) for TV+. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher (p = 0.003 and p = 0.011, respectively) in standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV, in any body position (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between right and left eyes, except for TV+ in standing position, with the IOP in the left eye being significantly higher (20.58 mmHg versus 18.51 mmHg, p = 0.004).ConclusionsTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first report estimating the IOP reference values in male camels comparing two different rebound tonometers. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher in the standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV (in any body position). Further studies with female individuals and different age groups are warranted.
De novo
acquisition of antibiotic resistance in six species of bacteria
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Koster Alphonse de , Koenders Belinda B. , Jonker Martijs , Brul Stanley , ter Kuile Benno H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics in two ways: by acquiring resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer and by
de novo
development of resistance upon exposure to non-lethal concentrations. The importance of the second process,
de novo
build-up, has not been investigated systematically over a range of species and may be underestimated as a result. To investigate the DNA mutation patterns accompanying the
de novo
antibiotic resistance acquisition process, six bacterial species encountered in the food chain were exposed to step-wise increasing sublethal concentrations of six antibiotics to develop high levels of resistance. Phenotypic and mutational landscapes were constructed based on whole-genome sequencing at two time points of the evolutionary trajectory. In this study, we found that (1) all of the six strains can develop high levels of resistance against most antibiotics; (2) increased resistance is accompanied by different mutations for each bacterium–antibiotic combination; (3) the number of mutations varies widely, with
Y. enterocolitica
having by far the most; (4) in the case of fluoroquinolone resistance, a mutational pattern of
gyrA
combined with
parC
is conserved in five of six species; and (5) mutations in genes coding for efflux pumps are widely encountered in gram-negative species. The overall conclusion is that very similar phenotypic outcomes are instigated by very different genetic changes. The outcome of this study may assist policymakers when formulating practical strategies to prevent development of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary health care.

IMPORTANCE

Most studies on
de novo
development of antimicrobial resistance have been performed on
Escherichia coli
. To examine whether the conclusions of this research can be applied to more bacterial species, six species of veterinary importance were made resistant to six antibiotics, each of a different class. The rapid build-up of resistance observed in all six species upon exposure to non-lethal concentrations of antimicrobials indicates a similar ability to adjust to the presence of antibiotics. The large differences in the number of DNA mutations accompanying
de novo
resistance suggest that the mechanisms and pathways involved may differ. Hence, very similar phenotypes can be the result of various genotypes. The implications of the outcome are to be considered by policymakers in the area of veterinary and human healthcare.
Associations between serum lipids and glaucoma: a cohort study of 400 229 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Ma Yiyuan , Wu Yue , Hu Leyi , Chen Wen , Zhang Xinyu , Zheng Danying , Congdon Nathan , Jin Guangming , Liu Zhenzhen 
Published: February 2025

PurposeTo examine the associations of commonly-used serum lipid measures (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)) with glaucoma.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 400 229 participants from the UK Biobank. Cox regression and restricted cubic spline models and polygenic risk scores were employed to investigate the associations between serum lipids and glaucoma.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 14.44 years, 6868 (1.72%) participants developed glaucoma. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that higher levels of HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of glaucoma (HR for 1-SD increase in HDL-C 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08, p=0.001), while elevated levels of LDL-C (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p=0.005), TC (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.00, p=0.037) and TG (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p=0.008) were all associated with reduced risk. The analysis examining the associations between polygenic risk score of serum lipids and glaucoma showed per 1-SD increment of HDL-C genetic risk was associated with a 5% greater hazard of glaucoma (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11, p=0.031). However, the polygenic risk score of LDL-C, TC, and TG did not show a significant association with glaucoma.ConclusionsElevated HDL-C is associated with an increased risk of glaucoma, while elevated LDL-C, TC, and TG levels are associated with a lower risk of glaucoma. This study enhances our understanding of the association between lipid profile and glaucoma and warrants further investigation of lipid-focused treatments in glaucoma management.