bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Sliding Compression Necessary for Intramedullary Nailing Fixation of AO/OTA Type A3.3 Intertrochanteric Fracture?
Authors: Zhang Cong , Chen Zhangxin , Wang Mengyuan , Chen Huiyu , Zhu Lingqi , Yang Wenqing , Ding Zhenqi , Huang Guofeng 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe intramedullary nail is considered the gold standard for treating AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures. However, it still faces a significant rate of failure, mainly due to the critical factor of comminuted lateral wall defects leading to inadequate proximal sliding compression. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the requirement of sliding compression in the treatment of unstable AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures. To achieve this, we conduct a comparative analysis between two approaches: InterTAN alone and proximal femoral anti‐rotation blade nailing (PFNA) combined with lateral wall reconstruction for treating AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures with lateral wall damage.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent intramedullary nailing fixation for AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures at our hospital from January 2012 to January 2022. Patient characteristics as well as treatment details, including operative time, intraoperative blood loss, weight‐bearing time, fracture healing time, tip apex distance (TAD) loss, Harris hip scores (HHS), Parker–Palmer mobility score (PPMS), and postoperative complications, were collected and analyzed. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent sample t‐tests, while categorical variables were examined using the chi‐square test. For group comparisons, variance analysis was applied, and pairwise comparisons were conducted using the LSD‐t test.ResultsThese patients were divided into PFNA combined with lateral wall reconstruction group (sliding compression group) and InterTAN fixation group (static fixation group) based on surgical methods. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding loss, HHS at 12 months and PPMS at 12 months in the sliding compression group were significantly higher than those in the static fixation group, and time to weight‐bearing and fracture healing time were significantly lower than those in the static fixation group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of the TAD at 2 days, 2, and 12 months postoperatively, the incidence of complications (p > 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, femoral neck length was shortened compared to 2 days postoperatively in both groups, and the sliding compression group had a significantly greater degree of femoral neck shortening than the static fixation group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of PFNA with lateral wall reconstruction for A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures demonstrated superior mobility, efficiency, and reduced internal fixation failure rates compared to InterTAN. These findings suggest that sliding compression may be required for intramedullary nailing treatment.
Brief history of the Society for Melanoma Research: A community of clinicians, researchers, and friends
Authors: Rebecca Vito W. , Villanueva Jessie , Webster Marie R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the Society of Melanoma Research and the first International Melanoma Research Congress held in June of 2003, we have described in brief, how the Society for Melanoma Research (SMR) began, the purpose, goals, and governance of the SMR, and how the society has evolved to support new melanoma researchers. In celebration of the immense progress in treating melanoma patients over the last 20 years and the impact of the SMR on these advances, we have highlighted memories and insight from early SMR members and founders.
Extraction of visual information to predict crowdfunding success
Authors: Blanchard Simon J. , Noseworthy Theodore J. , Pancer Ethan , Poole Maxwell 
Published: September 2023

Researchers have increasingly turned to crowdfunding platforms to gain insights into entrepreneurial activity and dynamics. While previous studies have explored various factors influencing crowdfunding success, such as technology, communication, and marketing strategies, the role of visual elements that can be automatically extracted from images has received less attention. This is surprising, considering that crowdfunding platforms emphasize the importance of attention‐grabbing and high‐resolution images, and previous research has shown that image characteristics can significantly impact product evaluations. Indeed, a comprehensive review of empirical articles ( n = 202) utilized Kickstarter data, focusing on the incorporation of visual information in their analyses. Our findings reveal that only 29.70% controlled for the number of images, and less than 12% considered any image details. In this manuscript, we contribute to the existing literature by emphasizing the significance of visual characteristics as essential variables in empirical investigations of crowdfunding success. We review the literature on image processing and its relevance to the business domain, highlighting two types of visual variables: visual counts (number of pictures and number of videos) and image details. Building upon previous work that discussed the role of color, composition, and figure–ground relationships, we introduce visual scene elements that have not yet been explored in crowdfunding, including the number of faces, the number of concepts depicted, and the ease of identifying those concepts. To demonstrate the predictive value of visual counts and image details, we analyze Kickstarter data using flexible machine learning models (Lasso, Ridge, Bayesian additive regression trees, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting). Our results highlight that visual count features are two of the top three predictors of success and highlight the ease at which researchers can incorporate some information about visual information. Our results also show that simple image detail features such as color matter a lot, and our proposed measures of visual scene elements can also be useful. By supplementing our article with R and Python codes that help authors extract image details ( https://osf.io/ujnzp/ ), we hope to stimulate scholars in various disciplines to consider visual information data in their empirical research and enhance the impact of visual cues on crowdfunding success.
Identification and characterization of Entyloma eschscholziae, a recently introduced pathogen in Europe, and its segregate Entyloma dendromeconis sp. nov.
Authors: Piątek Marcin , Lutz Matthias , Kruse Julia , Stryjak‐Bogacka Monika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEntyloma includes pathogenic and saprobic species that infect or colonize dicotyledonous host plants. Although most Entyloma species are known only from native areas of occurrence, some species were introduced with their host plants and spread outside their natural areas. The identification of introduced species is important for detection and management of invasive species. In this study, the morphology, phylogeny and species boundaries of Entyloma eschscholziae, recently introduced from North America to Europe, are revisited. Morphology was similar among the type and other specimens of E. eschscholziae analysed on Eschscholzia californica. Both asexual and sexual morphs were observed. The rDNA ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 sequences of the E. eschscholziae specimens from Europe and New Zealand and the environmental sequence obtained from grassland soil in California, United States, were identical. Morphological and molecular analyses confirm that the causative agents of white smut on E. californica in native (North America) and introduced (Europe, New Zealand) areas belong to the same species. DNA barcodes obtained in this study (especially ITS sequence from the designated epitype specimen) could be used to facilitate its molecular identification. Specimens on Dendromecon rigida, previously assigned to E. eschscholziae, are morphologically distinct. An attempt to obtain DNA barcode data from degraded holotype material was not successful and no more recent material is available. However, based on the morphological differences and high host specificity found in Entyloma spp., it is appropriate to describe a new species, Entyloma dendromeconis, for this smut pathogen.
The racial economy of Instagram
Authors: O'Connor Sinéad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the mechanisms of white supremacy within digital spaces in relation to the body/embodiment, social justice movements, and the nature and expression of contemporary feminism. New digital political economies work through social media such as Instagram to colonise, disempower and obscure the work of Black feminists in the sphere of fat liberation (re‐framed as ‘body positivity’), and in terms of imperatives for self‐care, which have been co‐opted by an emerging online wellness industry. I call to account the pervasiveness of neoliberal logics which are re‐shaping (post)feminism and re‐inscribing white supremacy onto bodies online and offline through ‘disciplined whiteness’.
Evaluating skin colour diversity in the validation of scar assessment tools
Authors: Garg Stuti P. , Williams Tokoya , Taritsa Iulianna C. , Wan Rou , Goel Chirag , Harris Raiven , Huffman Kristin , Galiano Robert D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcross scar studies, there is a lack of dark‐skinned individuals, who have a predisposition for keloid formation, altered pigmentation and poorer quality of life (QOL). There is a need for patients of colour to be included in scar scale development and validation. In this study, we evaluate the racial diversity of patients included in the validation of scar assessment scales. A systematic review was conducted for articles reporting on the validation of a scar assessment tool. Racial, ethnic and Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) data were extracted. Fifteen scar scale validation studies were included. Nine of the studies did not mention FST, race or ethnicity of the patients. Two of the studies that reported FST or race information only included White patients or included no FST V/VI patients: mapping assessment of scars (MAPS) and University of North Carolina ‘4P’. Only four studies included non‐White patients or dark‐skinned patients in the validation of their scar scale: the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), modified Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), acne QOL and SCAR‐Q scales. The patients included in the modified VSS validation were 7% and 13% FST V/VI, 14% African in the modified POSAS and 4.5% FST V/VI in the SCAR‐Q. We highlight the severe lack of diversity in scar scale validation, with only 4 out of 15 studies including dark‐skinned patients. Given the susceptibility of darker‐skinned individuals to have poorer scarring outcomes, it is critical to include patients of colour in the very assessment tools that determine their scar prognosis. Inclusion of patients of colour in scar scale development will improve scar assessment and clinical decision‐making.
Cyclic Combustion Variability of Dimethyl-Ether-Fueled Agricultural Tractor Engine
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Valera Hardikk , Kumar Vikram , Mukherjee Nalini Kanta , Mehra Shanti , Nene Devendra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Combustion in dimethyl-ether (DME)-fueled engines needs to be assessed carefully for its widespread acceptability from a drivability viewpoint. Since the test engine used in an off-highway segment, it was tested in a steady-state cycle for engine performance, combustion, emissions, and their cyclic variations, which were the only parameters to assess the drivability. This study investigated and analyzed the cyclic variations of a 100% DME-fueled engine equipped with modified mechanical fuel injection equipment. It was compared with baseline diesel to understand its positive and negative aspects. Experiments were conducted at different engine speeds (1200,1600, and 2000 rpm) and loads (No Load, 1.29, 2.59, 3.88, 5.18, and 6.47 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP)) . In-cylinder pressure was recorded for 250 consecutive engine cycles, and many combustion parameters were comparatively analyzed for diesel and DME fuelings. The coefficient of variation (COV) of maximum in-cylinder pressure (Pmax) was lower for DME than diesel at 1600 rpm and comparable at the other remaining engine speeds (1200 and 2000 rpm). Variations in COV of Pmax were higher at low loads and negligible at high loads for both test fuels. At 2000 rpm, the crank angle positions at which Pmax occurred were distributed in a narrow range for DME, representing higher combustion stability than baseline diesel. Variations in the maximum rate of pressure rise (RoPRmax) were lower for DME at 3.88 and 6.47 bar BMEP, while these were higher at 1.29 bar BMEP than baseline diesel. COV of indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP) decreased from lower to higher loads for diesel and DME fueling at 1600 and 2000 rpm engine speeds. The differences in COVIMEP between diesel and DME were negligible at higher loads, representing engine stability similar to baseline diesel. Combustion parameters assessed indicated that DME fueling led to lower cyclic variations than baseline diesel as the engine operated from lower to higher loads. At lower loads, DME fueling showed higher cyclic variations than baseline diesel.
Multi-Objective Conceptual Design of Turboexpander Subsystems: Inner Casings, a Case Study
Authors: Orlandi Rachele , Filice Valentina , Fabbrini Marco , Fantaccione Luca , Pucciarelli Martina , Serra Angela , Ragni Giacomo , Fantozzi Francesco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Turbomachinery design typically foresees three different phases: conceptual, preliminary and detailed. Conceptual design is the first stage of industrial design process, providing mainly the architectures down-selection. Traditionally, this phase is driven by the target “performance” as the main goal to be achieved. Therefore, the design team sketches an early configuration looking at this goal. Performances can be affected by material and geometry changes, manufacturing technology and engine architecture. Conceptual design phase is dramatically important, as the outcome of the down selection will not only affect performances, but also other important parameters like ”cost” and “environmental impact”. Moreover, in conceptual phase the configuration is still under definition and the designer has the highest flexibility in defining and then designing the product. Cost and environmental sustainability are comparable to performance as drivers in industrial design process from the earliest stage. Connections between performance, cost and carbon footprint (CF) are fundamental in decision making and down-selection process. Usually, cost estimations are tailored to each design and technical requirements, to give an assessment of the costs from the buyer’s point of view. Assessment of the environmental impacts can be carried out by means of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology (ISO 14040: 2006, ISO 14044:2006), looking at the whole life cycle of the product. Therefore, as boundary definition can be different, there is a possibility that cost estimation and LCA results are not consistent with each other due to different system boundaries, leading to misinformed decisions. To overcome this issue, the principles underlying the environmental Life Cycle Costing (e-LCC) method can be used (Hunkeler et al. 2008). It integrates both LCA and LCC studies, based on the same functional unit and system boundaries.
This article will present a case study of a supercritical CO2 turboexpander inner casings’ subsystem conceptual design and architecture down selection to propose an approach for maximizing product’s sustainability and performance. Results show the relevance of the geographical location of suppliers on the CF, as well as how small changes on the overstock materials could lead to a relevant change in costs.
POD-Based Surrogate Modeling Approximation for Aeroengines Nonlinear Unbalance Responses
Authors: D’Alessandro Francesco , Festjens Hugo , Chevallier Gael , Cogan Scott , Benamara Tariq , Sainvitu Caroline 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
FE models to simulate aeroengines rotordynamics become more and more complex thanks to the improvement of computational resources. Numerical simulations for industrial scale applications are nevertheless expensive in terms of computational effort because of their size and the presence of nonlinearities. In many-query frameworks (sensitivity or reliability analysis, model calibration, etc.), parametric studies have to be performed and the FE models are generally simplified or strongly reduced with a consequent loss of accuracy.
Recent machine learning methods can be employed to build faster-to-evaluate surrogates of the original model. Nevertheless, this type of offline approach can be very demanding in terms of number of full order evaluations to reach a sufficient accuracy. The challenge is therefore to control the burden associated to the evaluation of the DoE and the surrogate model training phase.
This work presents a surrogate modeling technique to quickly and accurately reproduce the nonlinear unbalance responses of industrial scale rotor-dynamical models submitted to rotor-stator contact. About 20 DOFs of the industrial FEM are considered in this work and a POD-based approximation (surrogate modeling technique known as POD-SM or non-intrusive POD in the literature) of their frequency dependent unbalance response are presented. In order to analyse the modeling uncertainties of a specific shaft’s support of a modern aeroengine, its dynamical parameters (stiffness, damping, nonlinear contact parameters) are studied within a specific variation range, defining the design space covered by the present study.
Design and Performance Assessment of an Experimental Rig to Conduct Material Nitridation Studies at Extreme Ammonia Conditions
Authors: Laws Nicole , Campuzano Felipe , Dawood Ziad , Roberts William L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This work presents the design and assessment of an experimental rig intended to carry out material sustainability studies in ammonia (NH3) environments. The designed facility aims at furthering the understanding of the nitridation potential of NH3 under extreme conditions, particularly at both high pressure and high temperature, when interacting with varying materials of interest. Several key factors were considered during the design process, including a system capable of operating at high pressures (up to 30 bar) and temperatures (up to 800 °C), the possibility of maintaining a continuous NH3 flow to increase the nitridation potential of the atmosphere, the flexibility of accommodating between 60 to 70 metal samples, and the design of a suitable system to operate continuously for hundreds of hours (up to 1000 hours in total). A facility achieving those features involved the development and optimization of three main subsystems such as a liquefied NH3 feeding system, a high-pressure/temperature rig, and an abatement system. Altogether these guarantee safe and continuous operation for long periods of time at the desired experimental conditions. Finally, several tests were conducted to assess the reproducibility and stability of the designed facility, including temperature and pressure profiles, and NH3 concentration gradients in the rig.
The Effect of Meter-Diffuser Angular Offset on Film Cooling Hole Adiabatic Effectiveness
Authors: Lundburg Evan , Lynch Stephen , Liu Kevin , Xu Hongzhou , Fox Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Turbine blades and vanes are manufactured with shaped film cooling holes to deliver coolant to the high temperature surfaces to improve blade life and durability. A shaped film cooling hole consists of a cylindrical meter section followed by a shaped diffuser. When the meter and diffuser sections are manufactured in two-step processes, a meter-diffuser angular offset can occur. Past studies have shown that linear meter-diffuser offsets in the spanwise direction will reduce adiabatic effectiveness. In addition, the geometry of a meter-diffuser angular offset is similar to the effect of film cooling holes at a compound angle, where the diffusion of the film cooling hole flow is angled away from the mainstream flow. However, the sensitivity of an angular offset has not been investigated. This study utilizes 10-10-10 expansion angle film cooling holes that are unchanged except for a meter-diffuser angular offset of 5° and 10°. The film cooling hole meter remains aligned with the mainstream. To mimic the coolant delivery method used in turbine vanes, a coolant channel provided co-flow and counterflow feed to the film cooling holes. Each geometry was tested at three blowing ratios as well as in co-flow and counterflow coolant feed. Adiabatic effectiveness measurements indicate that a 5° meter-diffuser angular offset did not significantly reduce performance. The angular offset of 10° reduced performance at blowing ratios greater than one, due to the coolant on the wall following the direction of the metering section. Roughness effects were also investigated for the 5° offset. When compared with roughness effects and diffuser cross-sectional shape effects, the 5° offset provided the least impact to performance. Thus, it is expected that manufacturing angular alignment errors are less significant than errors in shape, with roughness providing the most significant impact to performance.
Water Enhanced Turbofan: Improved Thermodynamic Cycle Using Hydrogen as Fuel
Authors: Görtz Alexander , Häßy Jannik , Schmelcher Marc , El-Soueidan Mahmoud 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Revolutionary developments are needed to drastically reduce emissions of aviation. Two promising approaches are hydrogen combustion and the water enhanced turbofan (WET). Heat exchangers are needed for both concepts. Whereas for hydrogen combustion, it is necessary to bring liquid hydrogen to operating temperature, the WET requires an evaporator for water and a condenser to extract it from the exhaust flow. Although both technologies may contribute to the mitigation of climate impact individually, it makes sense to combine them in the long term. Unfortunately, it is not known to what extent these approaches can be combined but there is potential for synergy. In this work, a hydrogen-fueled WET is compared with a kerosene-fueled WET. The design approach is described and the interaction of both technologies is investigated. While the thrust specific energy consumption is reduced by 2.2 % when switching to hydrogen, it is also possible to reduce the additional water tank mass by 40 %.
Evaluation of Water-Cooling Effect in Hydrogen-Fed SOFC for High-Efficiency Combined System Design
Authors: Kim Hye Rim , Kim Tong Seop 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
If pure hydrogen is used as a fuel in high-temperature fuel cells, waste heat must be removed by air cooling, which requires increased power consumption for supplying excess air. This study presents a hydrogen-fed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that uses water instead of air for stack cooling and improved system performance. A novel SOFC system with energy cascade utilization is also proposed using cooling water as the working fluid for a steam turbine. Water cooling for the SOFC stack cooling reduced the stack power and efficiency but significantly reduced the power consumption for supplying excess air by more than 60%. Under ambient SOFC operating pressure, the net power and efficiency of the proposed system were increased by 25.6% and 12.2%p compared to the air-cooled system, respectively. At an SOFC operating pressure of 1000 kPa, the proposed hybrid system with energy cascade utilization achieved improvements of 10.2% in net power and 7.5%p in net efficiency, leading to efficiency higher than 73%. This study is significant in that it proposes a novel high-efficiency SOFC system with energy cascade utilization by using two-phase water as a cooling medium and working fluid of steam turbine.