bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Mortality, Survival, and Quality of Life after Resection for Gastric Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: Wu Chew‐Wun , Lo Su‐Shun , Shen King‐Han , Hsieh Mao‐Chih , Lui Wing‐Yiu , P'eng Fang‐Ku 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Although there were some studies on clinicopathologic characteristics, operative morbidity, and mortality in elderly patients with gastric cancer, no reports have specifically focused on survival and quality of life after resection. A total of 433 patients aged ≥ 65 years (1987–1994) who underwent gastric resection for gastric adenocarcinoma were studied. Two groups were considered: patients aged 65 to 74 years and those > 74 years. Most of the patients (78.1%) had advanced diseases, and nearly half (41.3%) had associated chronic disease(s). Resections with curative intention were performed in 362 patients (83.6%). The overall operative morbidity rate was 21.7% and mortality rate 5.1%. Although operative procedures were similar in both groups, patients aged >74 years had a higher mortality rate than those aged 65 to 74 years (10.1% vs. 3.5%; p= 0.034). Age and extent of gastric resection were two independent factors negatively affecting mortality. The cumulative survival rates for patients who underwent curative resection were 86.2%, 72.4%, 67.2%, 62.9%, and 60.0% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. Nearly all patients (96%) after surgery had normal work and daily activities. Some patients appeared to lack energy (16%) or experienced a period of anxiety or depression. There was no statistical difference in survival and quality of life assessed by the Spitzer index after curative resection between the two groups. Therefore resection with curative intention can be performed for the elderly with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates, possible long‐term survival, and good quality of life, but a limited operation should be considered in the very elderly patients.
Release of Endotoxin‐binding Proteins during Major Elective Surgery: Role of Soluble CD14 in Phagocytic Activation
Authors: Hiki Naoki , Berger Dieter , Mimura Yoshikazu , Frick Julia , Dentener Mieke A. , Buurman Wim A. , Seidelmann Manuela , Kaminishi Michio , Beger Hans G. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Our previous study demonstrated that soluble CD14 (sCD14) modulates the biologic activity of circulating endotoxin, which appears after surgery. In this study, we examined the behavior of endotoxin‐binding proteins, such as sCD14, lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), and bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI), in patients' plasma after major abdominal surgery and the phagocytic secretion of sCD14 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) throughout the observation period. In a prospective study, 15 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery (gastrectomy, n= 3; pancreatectomy, n= 10; colectomy, n= 2) were involved in this study. The endotoxin‐binding proteins were perioperatively (preoperatively; postoperative hour 6; days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10) measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To exclude the hemodilution effect of samples, each parameter was corrected by dividing the respective value by the albumin concentration. The phagocytic activity at each time point was tested as an ex vivo sCD14 secretion from PBMCs in the presence and absence of exogenously added endotoxin, Escherichia coli 055B5 (1 ng/ml). Significant endotoxemia (0.35 ± 0.13 EU/ml; p < 0.05) was observed 6 hours after the beginning of surgery. The sCD14/albumin value rapidly increased at 6 hours after surgery, peaked on day 1, and sequentially declined, whereas the BPI/albumin and LBP/albumin ratios increased more gradually and peaked on day 2. The secretion of sCD14 from 2 × 106 PBMCs was significantly enhanced from 6 hours after operation. The increased plasma level of sCD14 may be explained by the parallel‐enhanced sCD14 PBMC production. Activated secretion of these endotoxin‐binding proteins may play a role in regulating the biologic activity of circulating endotoxin.
Manipulation of the Metabolic Response in Clinical Practice
Authors: Kehlet Henrik 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Surgical injury is followed by profound changes in endocrine metabolic function and various host defense mechanisms leading to catabolism, immunosuppression, ileus, impaired pulmonary function, and hypoxemia. These physiologic changes are supposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of postoperative morbidity. Effective afferent neural blockade with continuous epidural local anesthetic techniques inhibits a major part of the endocrine metabolic response, leading to improved protein economy but without important effects on inflammatory or immunologic responses. In contrast, pain treatment with other modalities such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids has only a small inhibitory effect on endocrine metabolic responses. Preoperative high‐dose glucocorticoid therapy provides additional pain relief and improves pulmonary function, but it reduces the inflammatory response (acute‐phase proteins, cytokines, hyperthermia) and immune function. Minimally invasive surgery leaves the endocrine metabolic responses largely unaltered but reduces the inflammatory response and immune suppression. Thus several techniques are available to modify the stress responses in elective surgery patients. The effect of these techniques to alter endocrine metabolic and inflammatory responses during severe surgical illness has not been established. Neural blockade and minimally invasive surgery have improved outcome following elective surgery, especially when integrated into a multimodal postoperative rehabilitation program. Application of this knowledge from pathophysiologic responses to uncomplicated surgical injury should be explored in patients with severe surgical illness.
Realignment of the Radius in Canine Antebrachial Growth Deformities Treated With Corrective Osteotomy and Bilateral (Type II) External Fixation
Authors: Quinn Mary K. , Ehrhart Nicole , Johnson Ann L. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To identify factors affecting radial alignment after oblique corrective osteotomy stabilized with a type II external fixator and to evaluate the results of this treatment for antebrachial growth deformities.Study Design—Retrospective studySample Population—Twenty‐eight dogs with unilateral antebrachial growth deformities treated with acute corrective osteotomy stabilized with a type II external fixator.Methods—Medical records and preoperative and postoperative radiographs of the affected and contralateral limb were reviewed. Cause of deformity, age, weight, and gender were recorded. Radial length, varus/valgus angulation, and cranial/caudal angulation were measured from radiographs of the treated and contralateral limbs. Preoperative and postoperative angulation and length discrepancy were compared between affected and contralateral limbs.Results—Correction of varus/valgus angle discrepancy was achieved by using acute corrective osteotomy stabilized with type II external skeletal fixation. No significant change was noted for correction of cranial/caudal angle discrepancy or length discrepancy between the affected and control limb.Clinical Relevance—Varus/valgus angle deformities can be treated successfully with type II external fixation after oblique corrective osteotomy. Patients with significant length or cranial/caudal angle discrepancies or both that negatively impact function may require the use of hinged circular fixators or other dynamic techniques to achieve adequate correction.
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Luxation After Total Hip Replacement in Dogs
Authors: Dyce Jonathan , Wisner Erik R. , Wang Qiang , Olmstead Marvin L. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To identify risk factors for luxation after canine total hip replacement (THR).Study design—Retrospective study.Sample population—256 client‐owned dogs that underwent THR.Methods—Patient data surveyed included signalment, body weight, diagnosis, prior hip surgery, implant size, intraoperative complications, and angle of lateral opening of the acetabular component.Results—Postoperative complications were recorded in 20 cases (7.8%). The most common complication was dorsal luxation which occurred in 12 dogs (4.7%). The interval between joint replacement and luxation ranged from 1 to 116 days (mean, 44 days). In 1 case, luxation was attributable to failure of the repair of an intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter. Excluding this case, the mean angle of lateral opening in those dogs that sustained luxation was 62° (range, 46°‐75°). The mean angle of lateral opening overall was 48° (range, 18°‐76°). The angle of lateral opening was the only factor that had a statistically significant effect on whether luxation occurred (P= .035). Acetabular revision, performed primarily to reduce the angle of lateral opening, was performed in 8 dogs and successfully prevented subsequent luxation.Conclusion—Luxation of the prosthesis is substantially under the control of the surgeon. It is recommended that the acetabular cup be inserted at an angle of lateral opening of 35° to 45°. In those cases of THR luxation in which an inappropriate angle of lateral opening is identified, acetabular revision arthroplasty generally results in a good clinical outcome.
Thoracoscopic Pericardectomy Performed Without Pulmonary Exclusion in 9 Dogs
Authors: Dupré Gilles P. , Corlouer Jean‐Philippe , Bouvy Bernard 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To show the feasibility of thoracoscopic pericardectomy without pulmonary exclusion in dogs.Study design—Prospective clinical study.Sample population—Nine client‐owned dogs.Methods—Dogs referred for the treatment of pericardial effusion by thoracoscopic pericardectomy were intubated with a standard endotracheal tube, mechanically ventilated, and placed in dorsal recumbency. The thoracoscope was introduced into the thorax lateral to the xyphoid process. The operating instruments were inserted at the level of the ventral third of each sixth intercostal space. The pericardium was cut and retrieved through 1 instrument portal.Results—Lung inflation did not interfere with the surgical dissection. A subphrenic pericardectomy was performed in all dogs without iatrogenic trauma. Operative time, from portal placement to skin closure, ranged from 60 to 100 minutes for the first 2 dogs and decreased to 30 to 45 minutes for the latter 7 dogs.Conclusions—The reported technique avoids the need for selected intubation which requires special tubes, can be technically difficult to perform, and is not recommended in compromised animals in which bilateral lung ventilation is necessary to ensure adequate tissue oxygenation.Clinical relevance—Thoracoscopic pericardectomy offers several advantages over open techniques, including less postoperative pain and morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and improved cosmetic appearance. It can be performed without pulmonary exclusion.
Thoracoscopic‐Assisted Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair Using a Thoracic Rib Resection
Authors: Malone Erin D. , Farnsworth Kelly , Lennox Tiffany , Tomlinson Julia , Sage Abby M. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To describe the surgical treatment of a dorsal diaphragmatic hernia in an adult horse using thoracic rib resection aided by thoracoscopy and a flank incision.Study Design—Case report.Animal Population—One client‐owned horse.Results—A six‐year‐old Dutch warmblood gelding was admitted for colic‐associated colonic incarceration in a diaphragmatic hernia. Seven weeks after the initial colic surgery, the gelding underwent surgery to repair the defect. Thoracoscopy and a flank incision were used to identify the location of the hernia and the subsequent site of rib resection. The stomach was adhered to the edges of the defect, leaving only a small residual hole. Resection of the 14th rib provided excellent exposure of the defect and closure of the remaining hernia.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Thoracic rib resection can provide access to diaphragmatic hernias in adult horses. Thoracoscopy or a flank incision, or both, may aid in determining which rib is best resected.
Laparoscopic Closure of the Renosplenic Space in Standing Horses
Authors: Mariën Tom , Adriaenssen Alfons , Hoeck Frank V. , Segers Luc 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To report a technique for laparoscopic ablation of the renosplenic space in standing horses.Study Design—Development of a technique to perform laparoscopic renosplenic space ablation in standing horses.Animals—Five healthy horses, aged 3 to 13 years, weighing 380 to 520 kg.Methods—Horses were restrained in standing stocks and sedated with detomidine (0.01 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) and butorphanol (0.01 mg/kg IV). Portal sites in the left paralumbar fossa were infiltrated with 2% mepivacaine. A laparoscopic portal was placed between the 17th and the 18th ribs. Two instrument portals were located caudal to the 18th rib. Closure of the renosplenic space was accomplished by apposing the dorsomedial splenic capsule to the dorsal portion of the renosplenic ligament with 1 polyglactin 910 in a continuous pattern. All horses had repeat laparoscopy 3 weeks after initial surgery.Results—Laparoscopic closure of the renosplenic space required 35 minutes (range, 20–65 minutes) and was successful without intraoperative or postoperative complications. On laparoscopic re‐examination at 3 weeks, there was smooth connecting fibrous‐like tissue between the dorsal splenic capsule and the dorsal portion of the renosplenic ligament.Conclusions—Laparoscopic closure of the renosplenic space can be efficiently and safely performed in standing horses.Clinical Relevance—Laparoscopic‐assisted closure of the renosplenic space can be performed in standing horses and may be useful in preventing recurrent incarceration of viscera in this space.
The Mitochondrial Potassium Cycle
Authors: Garlid Keith D. , Paucek Petr 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mitochondrial K + cycle consists of influx and efflux pathways for K + and anions. Net movement of K + salts across the inner membrane causes changes of matrix volume, so regulation of the cycle is vital for maintaining the structural integrity of the organelle. The mitochondrial K + cycle also appears to play important roles in cellular pathophysiology in vivo. Opening the mitochondrial ATP‐sensitive K + channel (mitoK ATP ) prior to ischemia protects the heart from ischemia‐reperfusion injury. MitoK ATP is an important player in the cell signaling pathways for ischemic protection and also for gene transcription, roles that appear to depend on the ability of mitoK ATP opening to trigger increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. MitoK ATP opening during both ischemia and reperfusion and during the high work state is found to preserve the structure of the intermembrane space and thereby maintains the normally low outer membrane permeability to adenine nucleotides. This review discusses the properties of the mitochondrial K + cycle that help to understand the basis of these effects.
Uptake of Calcium by Mitochondria: Transport and Possible Function
Authors: Gunter Thomas E. , Gunter Karlene K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVertebrate mitochondria contain a complex system for transport of Ca 2+ and related ions, consisting of two saturable modes of Ca 2+ influx and two separate, saturable mechanisms of Ca 2+ efflux. The characteristics of the mechanisms of Ca 2+ uptake, the uniporter and the RaM, are discussed here and suggestions are made about how the mechanisms may work together and separately to mediate the two physiological roles with which they are most commonly associated ‐ control of the rate of cellular ATP production and induction of the permeability transition and apoptosis. It is argued that more subtlety of control of intramitochondrial free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] m ) must be used by the uniporter and the RaM to fulfill their physiological roles than has been commonly recognized. This is because an increase in [Ca 2+ ] m is associated with both increased production of ATP which supports the continued life of the cell and with induction of the permeability transition and possibly apoptosis, which leads to cell death. The saturable mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca 2+ efflux and the Ca 2+ ‐induced mitochondrial permeability transition, which can transport Ca 2+ as well as other ions and molecules and is often considered as a Ca 2+ transport mechanism, are being reviewed separately.
Micro-Mechanical modelling of load dependent friction in contacts of elastic spheres
Authors: U Tuzun  , O R Walton  
Published: August 2002

Recent experimental measurements using twin-axis load cells in storage vessels for bulk solids have revealed load-dependent variation of the wall friction angles measured in the presence of small normal loads on smooth silo walls. The effect is quite appreciable with smooth particles such as plastic beads and glass ballotini, but particles with rough surfaces, like some agricultural seeds, show no such effect.The inclusion of an intrinsic shear resistance at zero normal load into the frictional behaviour (after Briscoe and Tabor) provides a satisfactory prediction of tangential forces required to cause gross sliding of smooth particles over smooth silo walls. This work applies the same adhesive friction concepts to the microdisplacements that occur before full tangential sliding develops.Mindlin analysed the traction profiles for two spheres in contact assuming a constant coefficient of friction, independent of normal stress inside the contact area, with microslip occurring in those portions of the contact area that had a tangential-to-normal stress ratio exceeding the friction coefficient. The assumptions of that analysis preclude the existence of the observed load dependence of wall friction angles. In this paper we re-examine the micromechanical nature of contacts between elastic spheres incorporating tangential stress limits that contain two terms: one proportional to the normal stress at each point in the contact area, the other independent of normal stress. Two possible physical (and mathematical) interpretations of the stress-independent term are discussed, one called adhesive slip and the other stick slip. The resulting traction profiles are examined to determine implications for both microslip and gross-sliding frictional behaviour. A complete theoretical analysis requires the solution of the surface displacement integral over the contact region for a chosen form of the tangential traction profile satisfying appropriate boundary conditions for elastic displacements. Upper and lower bounds and an approximate form for the resulting tangential force-displacement curves are developed and it is shown that such models result in a load-dependent friction behaviour that is very similar to recent experimental wall friction and individual particle friction measurements.
Accurate upper bound for the efficiency of converting solar energy into work
Authors: Viorel Badescu  
Published: August 2002

A class of accurate upper bounds for the efficiency of converting solar energy into work was derived by taking into account (i) the irreversibilities associated with the heat transfer inside the heat engine and (ii) details about the system considered, as the geometric (view) factor of the Sun, the dilution factors of solar and ambient radiation (andrespectively), the polarization degree of solar and absorber emitted radiation (andrespectively) and the thermal and optical properties of the converter (convective and conductive heat losses, concentration ratioC, effective transmittance-absorptance (and transmittance-emittance). When the usual case of an absorber with view factoris considered and the Sun is at its zenith, an accurate upper bound efficiencyis given by:whereandare Sun and ambient temperatures respectively, whileis the solid angle subtended by the Sun when viewed from the converter. The following constraint has to be fulfilled:A simpler (but less accurate) upper bound isThis upper bound is still more accurate than the upper limit efficiencies usually cited in literature.
Numerical simulation of Bragg-case section topographic images of
dislocations in silicon
Authors: W Wierzchowski  , K Wieteska  , W Graeff  
Published: August 2002

Synchrotron white beam with a wavefront limited by a 5 µm slit was used for obtaining the Bragg-case section patterns in silicon
substrates and epitaxial layers. The section images contained various
interference fringes, such as the Uragami fringes and fringes caused by
crystal curvature. The system of fringes connected with individual defects
was also observed.

The experimental images were compared with simulated theoretical images
obtained by numerical integration of the Takagi-Taupin equations. A
reasonably good correspondence was obtained for dislocations inclined to
the surface and misfit dislocations. The elements of the image were
analysed using the visualization of |D

h
|2 and |D

o
|2 intensities in
the plane of diffraction, where an additional amount of transmitted wave
intensity indicated the decomposition of wavefields or the reflection of
the redirected waves from the surfaces. Comparative studies of simulated
precipitation images and modification of dislocation images caused by
curvature and by the diffusion of an epitaxial junction were also
performed.
Structure evolution in Poiseuille flow of electrorheological fluids
Authors: Xiaopeng Zhao  , Danjun Gao  
Published: August 2002

The equivalent plate conduction model is employed to simulate the structure evolution in Poiseuille flow of electrorheological (ER) fluids subjected to the short-range interaction of multi-particles. It is found that the time taken to form the plug zone is greatly shortened from 18.5 for a dipole model to 7.8 for a conduction model. The velocity peak value of the breathing transition zone increases markedly compared with the simulation results using the dipole model, which is attributed to (1) the strong interaction between contact zone particles and adjacent particles and (2) there is no slip between particles of the contact zone and the electrodes. Moreover, we obtain the three-dimensional evolving graphs of the velocity profile of particles in the ER fluid, and the structure of the particles evolves from a plug zone to a transition zone, finally becoming a wider plug zone.
Patterns of low‐affinity immunoglobulin receptor polymorphisms in stroke and homozygous sickle cell disease
Authors: Taylor VI James G. , Tang Delia , Foster Charles B. , Serjeant Graham R. , Rodgers Griffin P. , Chanock Stephen J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSymptomatic stroke is a major complication of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease, with a prevalence of approximately 10%. An elevated peripheral leukocyte count has been identified as a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke in adults with SS disease. It has been observed that sickle cells coated with immunoglobulin have increased adherence to endothelial cells or phagocytes, possibly via binding to the low‐affinity Fcγ receptors. Common polymorphisms have been described in three low‐affinity receptors: FCGR2A, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B; each has been shown to alter biological function, and each has also been associated with disease susceptibility. On the basis of this information, we evaluated common genetic variants of the low‐affinity Fcγ receptors for an association with symptomatic stroke in SS disease in a pilot case–control study of 51 Jamaican adult SS disease stroke cases and 51 SS disease‐matched controls. Comparison of allelic distributions between cases and controls at 3 loci, FCGR2A (P = 0.39), FCGR3A (P = 0.67), FCGR3B (P = 0.35), failed to demonstrate a significant association. In a separate analysis, the FCGR2A/FCGR3A two‐locus combination does not appear to segregate randomly (PCOR = 0.0053), suggesting that these two loci could be linked in this population. We conclude that polymorphisms of the low‐affinity Fcγ receptors are not associated with stroke in SS disease. Am. J. Hematol. 69:109–114, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.