bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hereditary Syndrome of Thrombocytopathia, Bleeding Tendency, Extreme Miosis, Muscular Fatigue, Asplenia, Headache, etc
Authors: Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA new, autosomal dominantly inherited syndrome with a bleeding disorder was described in 1985 by Stormorken and his co‐workers.1,2 In this multifaceted syndrome, there were the following integral components: thrombocytopathia, extreme miosis with Argyll Robertson‐like traits, muscular fatigue, a tendency to spasms, asplenia, ichthyosis, dyslexia, etc.Headache with migraine traits was also present in the family in all 4 generations in which this syndrome had been observed. Nasal and conjunctival bleeding were part of the headache picture in some of the individuals exhibiting the hemorrhagic syndrome. While the attack‐related bleeding disturbances only involved family members who also suffered from the hemorrhagic syndrome, the headache per se may seem to behave differently: The affected son's headache seems to have developed into a headache with tension headache traits, whereas the other, unaffected, son's headache has common migraine traits. The familial headache which in earlier generations clearly had migraine traits, therefore, may be inherited independently from the hemorrhagic disorder. In other words, a migraine or migraine‐like headache is most probably not an obligatory integral part of this syndrome. The thrombocytopathia in this disorder comprises abnormal serotonin storage, uptake, and release (Stormorken and co‐workers, to be published).The admittedly somewhat farfetched possibility also exists that the headache, although being similar to migraine, differs essentially from it and may be an expression of the serotonin aberration.
The Physician Survey on the Post‐Concussion and Whiplash Syndromes
Authors: Evans Randolph W. , Evans Richard I. , Sharp Mark J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISBackground: The post‐concussion syndrome (PCS) and whiplash syndrome (WS) have been controversial topics among physician for many decades. There is little Information available on the opinions end practices of physicians.Method: In June of 1992, we performed a national survey by mail of the four physician groups most Commonly treating these problems. The number of respondents and response rates were as follows: family physicians, 118, 16%; neurologists, 100, 21%; neurosurgeons, 97, 23%; orthopedists, 82, 13%. The survey Instrument contained items on demographics, definitions, causation, prognosis, medico‐legal aspects, testing, and treatment.Results: Only a minority of respondents believe that PCS and WS are clearly defined syndromes. A substantial minority report that psychogenic and litigation factors are most responsible for the Conditions. Most of the physicians believe that PCS and WS have a 3–6 month recovery time. A significant minority Concur that symptoms of the two syndromes resolve when litigation is settled. Most of the physicians order tests to role out pathology although a minority order tests to reassure patients or because of litigation concerns. Only a minority of respondents believe that effective treatments are available. Not surprisingly, a multitude of Conventional and unconventional treatments are sometimes recommended.Conclusions: Many aspects of PCS end WS are controversial among treating physicians. This Controversy can have a profound impact on the quality and cost of patient care. Ongoing research is required to discover more effective treatments for mild brain injury and chronic pain.
Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder in Chronic Post‐traumatic Headache Patients
Authors: Chibnall John T. , Duckro Paul N. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined in a sample of chronic post‐traumatic headache patients. All subjects had been injured in a motor vehicle accident and had developed headache or experienced marked exacerbation of an existing headache condition as a result. Nearly 30% of the sample was diagnosed with PTSD. Depression and suppressed anger were significantly higher in subjects with PTSD compared to the rest of the sample. Those with PTSD were more likely to have a history of headache prior to the accident than subjects without PTSD. Comparisons between the PTSD and non‐PTSD groups on other headache and demographic variables were non‐significant. The importance of evaluating post‐traumatic headache patients for the presence of PTSD is discussed.
Home Administration of Intramuscular DHE for the Treatment of Acute Migraine Headache
Authors: Weisz Michael A. , EI‐Raheb Morad , Blumenthal Harvey J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISDihydroergotamine (DHE) has been used for the treatment of acute migraine headache for almost 50 years. Previous studies have emphasized use in emergency room, inpatient, or office settings. Twenty‐nine patients with migraine headache who had failed to obtain relief with conventional therapy were trained to self‐administer intramuscular DHE. The patients administered 0.5 mg DHE and 100 mg trimethobenzamide at the onset of their headache and an additional O.5mg DHE if satisfactory headache relief was not obtained. Twenty patients were successfully contacted and interviewed. Forty‐five percent of the patients had at least 50% relief of headache and continued to use the protocol. Eighty‐two percent of patients who initially had at least 50% headache relief continued to use the drug, whereas none of the patients who initially had less than 10% relief continued the protocol. Sixty‐one percent of patients whose headaches precluded continuation of activity had at least 50% response to initial treatment, whereas only 29% whose headaches were less severe had this response. Initial response to therapy was predictive of continued use of the treatment protocol and patients who described more severe headache had a higher response to the initial treatment. Thus, home administration of I.M. DHE offers an additional treatment regimen for patients with migraine headache.
Migraine and Major Depression: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Breslau Naomi , Davis Glenn C. , Schultz Lonni R. , Paterson Edward L. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISRecent epidemiologic studies have reported an association between migraine and major depression. Little is known about the mechanisms that link the two disorders, or the natural history of their co‐occurrence. We examined the association between migraine and major depression in a sample of young adults, using longitudinal data.Method: A random sample of 1,007 young adults (21–30 years of age) members of a large HMO in Southeast Michigan was interviewed in 1989; 97% of the sample were reinter‐viewed 3.5 years later, in 1992. A structured diagnostic interview was used to elicit information on DSM‐III‐R major depression and IHS migraine in lifetime (in the 1989 interview) and during the 3.5 year follow‐up interval (in the 1992 interview). Using Cox‐proportional hazards models with time‐dependent covariates, we estimated the relative risk for major depression associated with prior migraine and the relative risk for migraine associated with prior major depression.Results: In this sample of young adults, the incidence of migraine per 1,000 person years, based on the prospectively gathered data, was 5.0 in males and 22.0 in females. The estimated relative risk for major depression associated with prior migraine, adjusted for sex and education, was 3.2 (95% CI 2.3–4.6). The adjusted relative risk for migraine associated with prior major depression was 3.1 (95% CI 2.0–5.0).Conclusions: The study provides the first body of evidence that the previously observed cross‐sectional association between migraine and major depression can result from bidirectional influences, with each disorder increasing the risk for first onset of the other. The explanation that major depression in persons with migraine represents a psychologic response to migraine attacks would have been more plausible had we found an influence only from migraine to depression. By diminishing the plausibility of a simple causal explanation for the migraine‐depression comorbidity, the findings favor the shared mechanisms explanation.
Peripheral and Central Trigeminovascular Activation in Cat is Blocked by the Serotonin (5HT)‐I D Receptor Agonist 311C90
Authors: M.D., Ph.D. Goadsby Peter J. , M.D., Ph.D. Edvinsson Lars 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine headache involves the activation of trigeminal afterents that are predominantly found in the first or ophthalmic division of the nerve. The headache is often pounding and the connections of the trigeminal nerve, the trigeminovascular system, have therefore been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine and studied extensively. Considerable attention has been given to the peripheral ramifications of the system as a possible locus of action for anti‐migraine drugs while little attention has been focused upon possible central sites of action. It has been shown that certain peptides can act as markers for the trigeminal system, in particular calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), and that CGRP is elevated in migraine. We have employed an animal model for activation of the trigeminovascular system to evaluate a new anti‐migraine compound, 311C90, that may have central and as well as peripheral trigeminal actions. Cats were anesthetized by halothane induction and alpha‐chloralose maintenance (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), intubated, paralyzed and ventilated. Biparietal craniotomies were carried out to measure cerebral blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry (CBFLDF). The external jugular vein was cannulated and blood drawn, centrifuged and frozen until processing. Stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion resulted in a mean maximum increase in CBFLDF Of 39 ± 5% at 20/s. The 5HT1 agonist 311C90 was administered intravenously in two doses (30 and 100 μg/kg) to cover the range of doses likely to be effective clinically. At each dose the CBF LDF effect of trigeminal ganglion stimulation was inhibited. Stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion led to increases in both calcitonin gene‐related peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels in the external jugular vein. These were both attenuated markedly by administration of 311C90 in a dose of 100 μg/kg. No change in either neuropeptide Y or ß‐endorphin were seen during the study. These data demonstrate that trigeminal ganglion stimulation results in a brisk change in CBF LDF that can be modulated by 311C90. Furthermore the inhibition of VIP release indicates an action of the drug at the synapse in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis suggesting that this central site may have important advantages for the action of 311C90 in migraine.
Effects of Tizanidine Administration on Exteroceptive Suppression of the Temporalis Muscle in Patients with Chronic Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Nakashima Kenji , Tumura Ririko , Wang Yuping , Shimoda Manabu , Sakuma Kenji , Takahashi Kazuro 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe aim of this study was to clarify the changes of inhibitory interneuronal activity in patients with chronic tension‐type headache with disorder of pericranial muscle after treatment, and the pharmacological mechanisms of tizanidine‐ an alpha2 adrenergic agonist. The effects of tizanidine on exteroceptive suppression (ES) of the temporalis muscle were examined in eighteen patients with chronic tension‐type headache with disorder of pericranial muscles, before and two weeks after the administration of tizanidine. The left mental nerve was stimulated, under the maximal voluntary contraction of the temporalis muscles. Two types of stimulation were used: weak stimulation with four times the sensory threshold, and strong stimulation with 10 times the sensory threshold. The rectified electromyographic activity was recorded from the right temporalis muscle. ES2 produced by four times the sensory threshold was lengthened after tizanidine administration. This fact suggests that tizanidine improves the inhibitory function in the central nervous system, and then relieves headache. However, ES produced by 10 times the sensory threshold did not change. This suggests that the effect of tizanidine may be relatively mild. The interneurones mediating ES2 may be modified by the alpha2 agonist.
Ophthalmoplegic Migraine‐Like Syndrome Due to Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Silvestrini Mauro , Matteis Maria , Cupini Letizia M. , Troisi Elio , Bernardi Giorgio , Floris Roberto 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA patient with a history of migraine without aura developed a complete left III nerve palsy a day after the onset of bilateral throbbing headache associated with vegetative symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma as the probable cause of the symptoms, presumably by a compressive mechanism. This case suggests a further possible cause of ophthalmoplegia associated with migraine and confirms the clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of ophthalmoplegic migraine and other conditions in which the symptomatology is secondary to intracranial lesions.
Psychopathology and Headache Syndromes in the Community
Authors: Merikangas Kathleen R. , Merikangas Kathleen R. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the association between psychopathology and headache in a prospective longitudinal epidemiologic study of a cohort of 19‐ and 20‐year‐olds in Zurich, Switzerland. Prevalence rates of psychopathology by headache subtype were examined both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Psychiatric disorders were evaluated using a direct interview administered by experienced clinicians. Personality was assessed using the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the Symptom Checklist 90. In general, subjects with migraine had more affective and anxiety disorders and exhibited elevated rates of neuroticism and somatization compared to nonmigraine subjects. When examined by headache subtype, migraineurs with aura exhibited greater rates of psychopathology and more personality abnormalities than any of the other headache subtypes or controls. In contrast to clinical wisdom, subjects with tension‐type headache did not differ from controls in rates of psychopathology or on any of the personality or symptom factors.
Postconcussion Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning in Posttraumatic Headache Patients
Authors: Gfeller Jeffrey D. , Chibnall John T. , Duckro Paul N. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISForty‐two patients with posttraumatic headache of at least three months duration following motor vehicle accident completed the Postconcussion Syndrome Checklist which assessed their experience of 10 commonly reported cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms. The patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory and a brief battery of neuropsychological tests. Results indicated that postconcussion symptoms remained quite prevalent among these subjects. More pronounced postconcussion symptomatology was associated with significantly greater impairment on 6 of 13 measures of neuropsychological functioning. Neither severity of subjects' postconcussion symptoms nor neuropsychological test performance were affected by litigation status. However, depressed subjects reported more severe cognitive and emotional symptoms than did nondepressed subjects. Additional information about postconcussion symptom prevalence and a description of the relationship between self‐reported symptoms, cognitive functioning on neuropsychological tests, and depression is provided. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Chronic Daily Headache in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Holden E. Wayne , Gladstein Jack , Trulsen Marlin , Wall Barbara 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISRecurrent headache is a relatively frequent problem in children and adolescents, with the majority of the research attention focused on pediatric migraine. This study assessed differences in consequences to headaches, coping with headaches, and associated disability in children and adolescents attending a headache clinic who were diagnosed with migraine, chronic daily headache, or carried both diagnoses. Results, generally indicated higher levels of impairment for patient's with chronic daily headaches. These patients were also more likely to use blaming others and wishful thinking as coping mechanisms. Gender and racial status interacted with headache diagnosis to predict parent response patterns and disability outcomes. The results provide initial support for the applicability of Martin's functional model of chronic headaches to a pediatric population.
An Epidemiological Study of Headache Among the Monks of Athos (Greece)
Authors: Mitsikostas D.D. , Thomas A. , Gatzonis S. , Ilias A. , Papageorgiou C. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe Monks of Athos in Greece constitute a particular group with unusual sleep schedule and specific diet. In order to study the frequency of headache among them, a special questionnaire was designed. Four hundred forty‐nine monks below the age of 50 were approached, 39 of whom suffered from frequent (more than one episode per month, in the last 6 months) headaches (8.68%). The prevalence of migraine was 1.78% (0.66% with aura and 1.11% without) and of tension‐type headache 3.34% (1.33% chronic and 2% episodic). Furthermore, 1.87% of monks suffered from mixed headaches (tension‐type and migraine attacks as well). Cluster headache was not traced.
Vitamin D and Calcium in Menstrual Migraine
Authors: Thys‐Jacobs Susan 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTwo premenopausal women with a history of menstrually‐related migraines and premenstrual syndrome were treated with a combination of vitamin D and elemental calcium for late luteal phase symptoms. Both cited a major reduction in their headache attacks as well as premenstrual symptomatology within 2 months of therapy. These observations suggest that vitamin D and calcium therapy should be considered in the treatment of migraine headaches.
Alleviation of Migraines with Therapeutic Vitamin D and Calcium
Authors: Thys‐Jacobs Susan 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTwo postmenopausal migraineurs who developed frequent and excruciating migraine headaches (one following estrogen replacement therapy and the other following a stroke) were treated with combination vitamin D and calcium. Therapeutic replacement with vitamin D and calcium resulted in a dramatic reduction in the frequency and duration of their migraine headaches.
Denial of Hospitalization by Insurers for Inpatient Treatment of Medication Rebound Headaches
Authors: Klapper J.A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISInpatient treatment with intravenous dihydroergotamine has been remarkably successful in managing chronic daily headaches due to excessive use of analgesics or ergotamine tartrate. Recently we have been denied authorization in appropriate patients for this procedure by third party payers on the grounds that it was “not medically necessary,”“based on anecdotal information,” or is “an outpatient procedure.”Three cases are described in which the insurer's decision was either contested as an issue of substandard care, or the patient elected to pay for the procedure. The outcome in two cases was dramatically favorable, at least from the patient's and the physician's point of view. The third case is currently being appealed.Time and energy spent on combating the position of the third party payer on issues of standards of specialist care should be unnecessary. Publication of standards of care by specialists, and a requirement that these care standards must be provided by third party payers are needed in order that quality medical care can continue in this society.
MMPI and Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) Analysis in Headache Patients With and Without Drug Abuse
Authors: Schnider Peter , Maly Joachim , Mraz Margit , Brantner‐Inthaler Sigrid , Zeiler Karl , Wessely Peter 
Published: May 2005

Sixty‐three headache patients (migraine: n = 28; tension‐type headache: n = 35) who fulfilled the IHS criteria of ‘drug abuse’ were investigated by means of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) analysis. The results were compared to those of 63 headache patients without drug abuse (matched‐pair case‐control study).With respect to the MMPI results, no statistically significant differences between patients with drug abuse and patients without drug abuse were found. However, patients with drug abuse showed significantly decreased CFF values compared to patients without drug abuse. This was true both for patients with migraine and for patients with tension‐type headache.Thus, CFF analysis may serve as a useful method to differentiate between headache patients with drug abuse and those without drug abuse.
SUNCT Syndrome: Trials of Drugs and Anesthetic Blockades
Authors: Pareja Juan A. , Kruszewski Piotr , Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: May 2005

Nine patients with the SUNCT syndrome (Spanish and Norwegian patients) have, over many years, been given several drugs effective in the cluster headache syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, and other headaches, as well as drugs not previously used in headache. Various cranial nerves were also anesthetized in an endeavor to ameliorate the suffering of those patients.Although a partial effect was obtained with carbamazepine and corticosteroids in some patients, none of the drugs or anesthetic blockades had consistent, lasting, complete effect on headache paroxysms in SUNCT. The essentially negative outcome of this study aids in further characterizing SUNCT as a separate disorder, and, above all, in distinguishing it from trigeminal neuralgia and the cluster headache syndrome.
Headache in a Nonclinical Population in Dares Salaam, Tanzania. A Community‐Based Study
Authors: Matuja W.B.P. , Mteza I.B.H. , Rwiza H.T. 
Published: May 2005

Headache is a common symptom that constitutes a major health problem to all countries in the world with a variable prevalence from about 20.2% in the African population to about 80% in populations of the civilized world. Community‐based studies in African populations are still scanty, and the impact on health facility utilization and sickness absence from work is unknown.After a simple random selection, 1540 urban workers and students of higher education completed a standardized self‐administered questionnaire on headache. A total of 815 (52%), (620 (51%) men, 195 (60%) women) admitted to having suffered a headache requiring medication or medical consultation in the last year. Of these, 366 (23.7%) had recurrent headache not attributable to systemic disease. Of the total with recurrent headache, there was a significant preponderance of women over men with sex prevalence of 28.9% and 22.4%, respectively (X 2 P = 0.0001). Combined vascular‐muscular‐type of headache exceeded all types of headache, accounting for 35.8% of cases, followed by migraine accounting for 30.8% of cases. Organic disease was rare, accounting for 8.5% of cases, and psychogenic causes of headache were even rarer at less than 1.2% of cases.Within 2 months of onset of recurrent headaches, over 32% of sufferers had utilized the health facility at their place of work or study. A significant number of cases (175) had an average of 11.3 lost work days per year in comparison to a control group of 154 persons with an average of 5.7 lost work days per year for reasons other than headache (X 2 P = 0.0005).In summary, headache is probably rare in the African population as previously reported. However, the clinical manifestation of headache is similar to those observed in the civilized world. Whenever services are available, patients with headache will seek medical consultation. A significant number of days are lost from work due to severe headache in an urban population in Tanzania. This study underscores the need for early correct diagnosis and treatment of headache to reduce the number of work absences due to headache.