bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of Boiled Eggs and Rocket Science: Textual Experiments in Sharon Dodua Otoo’s Herr Gröttrup setzt sich hin
Authors: McMurtry Áine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Told from the perspective of a soft-boiled egg, Sharon Dodua Otoo’s German-language story Herr Gröttrup setzt sich hin serves up a portrait of a retired Nazi rocket scientist at his breakfast table. The text came to public attention in 2016 when Otoo was awarded the prestigious Ingeborg Bachmann Prize for the story’s experimental pastiche of German culture. This article draws on a posthuman framework to consider the story’s central challenge to a society in which whiteness is presented as the norm. By exploring the story's anthropomorphizing play with narrative perspective, I demonstrate how Otoo moves beyond bourgeois satire to unmask racist categories which ensure that privilege goes unnoticed. Decolonial perspectives, as well as concepts from the materialist thought of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, will be employed to illuminate the materialist politics of Otoo’s decentring of the white masculine subject, revealing how instead the text foregrounds material forces that act on bodies, both human and nonhuman.
Health equity: access to quality services and caring for underserved populations
Authors: Lazo-Porras Maria , Penniecook Tricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Barriers to access to quality services and caring for underserved populations are a call to action for researchers and other key partners to achieve health equity. In order to accomplish this, several key partners play important roles. More participation of younger generations, women and people of color from different contexts should be encouraged and facilitated. This editorial serves to present this journal issue that includes the articles of young women from low- and middle-income countries. Different methodologies are used to demonstrate the problem of access to quality services and care in a comprehensive way. After understanding the public health problems using an equity lens, we need to implement evidence-based interventions to improve the health system response.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies a candidate gene controlling seed size and yield in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge
Authors: Zhao Ziquan , Liang Chongjun , Zhang Wei , Yang Yingying , Bi Quanxin , Yu Haiyan , Wang Libing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is a woody oilseed tree species whose seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and rare neuronic acids, and can be used as a high-grade edible oil or as a feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the genetic mechanisms related to seed yield in yellow horn are not well elucidated. This study identified 2 164 863 SNP loci based on 222 genome-wide resequencing data of yellow horn germplasm. We conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis on three core traits (hundred-grain weight, single-fruit seed mass, and single-fruit seed number) that influence seed yield for the years 2022 and 2020, and identified 399 significant SNP loci. Among these loci, the Chr10_24013014 and Chr10_24012613 loci caught our attention due to their consistent associations across multiple analyses. Through Sanger sequencing, we validated the genotypes of these two loci across 16 germplasms, confirming their consistency with the GWAS analysis results. Downstream of these two significant loci, we identified a candidate gene encoding an AP2 transcription factor protein, which we named XsAP2. RT–qPCR analysis revealed high expression of the XsAP2 gene in seeds, and a significant negative correlation between its expression levels and seed hundred-grain weight, as well as single-fruit seed mass, suggesting its potential role in the normal seed development process. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines with the overexpressed XsAP2 gene exhibited varying degrees of reduction in seed size, number of seeds per silique, and number of siliques per plant compared with wild-type Arabidopsis. Combining these results, we hypothesize that the XsAP2 gene may have a negative regulatory effect on seed yield of yellow horn. These results provide a reference for the molecular breeding of high-yielding yellow horn.
The v-Number and Castelnuovo-Mumford Regularity of Cover Ideals of Graphs
Authors: Saha Kamalesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The $\textrm{v}$-number of a graded ideal $I\subsetneq R$, denoted by $\textrm{v}(I)$, is the minimum degree of a polynomial $f$ for which $I:f$ is a prime ideal. Jaramillo and Villarreal (J Combin Theory Ser A 177:105310, 2021) studied the $\textrm{v}$-number of edge ideals. In this paper, we study the $\textrm{v}$ number of the cover ideal $J(G)$ of a graph $G$. The main result shows that $\textrm{v}(J(G))\leq \textrm{reg}(R/J(G))$ for any simple graph $G$, which is quite surprising because, for the case of edge ideals, this inequality does not hold. Our main result relates $\textrm{v}(J(G))$ with the Cohen-Macaulay property of $R/I(G)$, where $I(G)$ denotes the edge ideal of $G$. We provide an infinite class of connected graphs, which satisfy $\textrm{v}(J(G))=\textrm{reg}(R/J(G))$. Also, we show that for every positive integer $k$, there exists a connected graph $G_{k}$ such that $\textrm{reg}(R/J(G_{k}))-\textrm{v}(J(G_{k}))=k$. Also, we explicitly compute the $\textrm{v}$-number of cover ideals of cycles.
Utility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genome Sequencing Snapshots to Assess Transmission Dynamics Over Time
Authors: Yuen Courtney M , Huang Chuan-Chin , Millones Ana Karina , Calderon Roger I , Manson Abigail L , Jimenez Judith , Contreras Carmen , Earl Ashlee M , Becerra Mercedes C , Lecca Leonid , Murray Megan B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We explored the utility of brief Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole-genome sequencing (WGS) “snapshots” at a sentinel site within Lima, Peru, for evaluating local transmission dynamics over time. Within a 17-km2 area, 15 of 70 (21%) isolates with WGS collected during 2011–2012 and 22 of 81 (27%) collected during 2020–2021 were clustered (P = .414), and additional isolates clustered with those from outside the area. Isolates from the later period were disproportionately related to large historic clusters in Lima from the earlier period. WGS snapshots at a sentinel site may not be useful for monitoring transmission, but monitoring the persistence of large transmission clusters might be.
The evaluation of a multi-day testing approach with antigen lateral flow devices for people eligible for community-based COVID-19 treatments
Authors: Fowler Tom , Fellows Alasdair , MacISaac Rachael , Kolade Olumide , Singh Bhupinder , Eccles Adam , Blandford Edward , Tunkel Sarah A 
Published: November 2023

Synopsis

Background
COVID-19 therapeutics including antiviral and monoclonal antibody treatments (hereafter ‘COVID-19 treatments’) require rapid administration to be effective. As part of the community-based antiviral and therapeutic treatment pathway for COVID-19 there has been a move from PCR testing in those eligible to a rapid antigen lateral flow testing regime.

Objectives
To determine whether a multi-day lateral flow device (LFD) testing regime is a feasible alternative to PCR for diagnosing symptomatic patients eligible for COVID-19 treatments. An LFD regime might return a positive result more quickly than a PCR and hence expedite access to COVID-19 treatments.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 with a combination of PCR and LFDs of symptomatic patients eligible for COVID-19 treatments. LFD testing patterns were not assigned. Patients self-censored and the patterns were retro-fitted to the observed results.

Results
The LFD testing patterns offered high sensitivity, close to 92%; however, the false positive rate also increased, with most of the multi-day testing patterns having a false positive rate greater than 3%. The highest sensitivity was seen among patients who tested with LFD on the same day as PCR.

Conclusions
There were multiple observed testing behaviours. We conclude that multi-day LFD testing for COVID-19 provides a feasible alternative to PCR to in eligible patients, allowing swift prescription of COVID-19 treatments in most cases. This approach requires acceptance of a trade-off for a small increase in false-positive and -negative results.
COVID-19 therapeutics: stewardship in England and considerations for antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Bou-Antoun Sabine , Rokadiya Sakib , Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Demirjian Alicia , Sherwood Emma , Ellaby Nicholas , Gerver Sarah , Grossi Carlota , Harman Katie , Hartman Hassan , Lochen Alessandra , Ragonnet-Cronin Manon , Squire Hanna , Sutton J Mark , Thelwall Simon , Tree Julia , Bahar Mohammad W , Stuart David I , Brown Colin S , Chand Meera , Hopkins Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic saw unprecedented resources and funds driven into research for the development, and subsequent rapid distribution, of vaccines, diagnostics and directly acting antivirals (DAAs). DAAs have undeniably prevented progression and life-threatening conditions in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, there are concerns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antiviral resistance specifically, for DAAs. To preserve activity of DAAs for COVID-19 therapy, as well as detect possible mutations conferring resistance, antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance were rapidly implemented in England. This paper expands on the ubiquitous ongoing public health activities carried out in England, including epidemiologic, virologic and genomic surveillance, to support the stewardship of DAAs and assess the deployment, safety, effectiveness and resistance potential of these novel and repurposed therapeutics.
Crustal electrical structure and seismicity of the Weiyuan shale gas block in Sichuan Basin, southwest China
Authors: Guo Yingxing , Zhu Tao , Xie Xingbing , Zhou Lei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing, a significant contributor to seismic activity within and around operational fields, has been extensively used in shale gas production. Magnetotelluric (MT) sounding is an effective geophysical tool for identifying high-conductivity fluid-filled and/or molten regions. In this study, we deploy a dense grid of rectangular MT sites to investigate the 3D geoelectrical resistivity structure beneath the Weiyuan shale gas block (WSGB) and subsequently examine the causes of seismic activity. The resistivity data, obtained through 3D inversion accounting for topography using ModEM, reveals a shallow low-resistivity layer (&lt;10 Ω-m) within the WSGB, ranging from ∼2 to 5 km in depth. This layer exhibits multiple isolated areas with very low resistivity (&lt;5 Ω-m), indicative of fluid-filled zones associated with hydraulic fracturing or shale gas-bearing formations. In the northwestern WSGB, the Weiyuan anticline presents a high-resistivity dome extending possibly to depths beyond 20 km, without extending beyond the northern boundary of our study area. Conversely, the sedimentary zone in the southeastern WSGB displays a low-resistivity feature, with an extremely low-resistivity center (&lt;1 Ω-m). Since a consistent high-resistivity zone exists beneath each fault and its top depth is &lt;5 km, so faults might not extend downward below 5 km. Earthquakes with magnitudes (ML) of 3.0 or higher predominantly occur close to the faults, when considering industrial production data, we found a noteworthy correlation between earthquakes with ML &lt; 3.0 and annual shale gas production within the WSGB. Tectonic faulting is not the leading cause for ML &lt; 3.0 earthquakes but likely the primary contributor to seismic events with ML ≥ 3.0.
The other heart failure: Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Greenwood John C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome are at high risk for pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. In patients presenting with acute RV failure due to a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, prompt interventions to address RV preload, afterload, and function must be initiated. In addition to standard mechanical ventilation strategies for ARDS, additional targets should be considered to improve RV function.
The pressure is too much: Traumatic brain injuries and intracranial hypertension
Authors: Shriki Jesse , Wendy Chang Wan-Tsu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) of ≤8, accounts for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Caring for these critically ill patients requires knowledge of pathophysiology in addition to guideline-based treatment recommendations. A key focus in the management of sTBI is the prevention of secondary injuries with interventions targeted to optimize cerebral physiology. A tiered treatment approach should be taken to manage intracranial hypertension and cerebral herniation. The emergency physician plays an integral role in providing early therapies that can change patient outcomes. The aim of this chapter is to give the emergency physician the foundation and tools to optimally manage these critically ill patients.
Reversal agents: Antidotes for anticoagulants
Authors: Downing Jessica , Keville Meaghan , Haase Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emergency management of the hemorrhaging patient with anticoagulant-induced coagulopathy medications is becoming increasingly complex with the introduction of various direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. Detecting the presence, type, or therapeutic effect of DOACs is challenging. Routine laboratory testing (PT, PTT, INR) does not accurately reflect their therapeutic levels or the extent of coagulopathy, so advanced anticoagulation testing (TT, dTT, anti-Xa, TEG, ROTEM) is often necessary. Undifferentiated patients with emergent hemorrhage who need treatment of coagulopathy from DOACs require the administration of activated or four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates. The specific reversal agents idarucizumab (dabigatran) and andexanet alfa (apixaban, rivaroxaban) are first-line agents when available.
Blood from both ends: GI bleeding
Authors: Walsh Maura W. , Wessman Brian T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common ED complaint that can range from benign to severe and life-threatening. The focus of the ED physician is first to stabilize the patient using basic medical algorithms (airway, breathing, and circulation) and then to localize the source of bleeding using a directed history and physical assessment. GI bleeding can be categorized into two categories depending on the anatomic location of the bleeding source: upper or lower. The location determines the management and the next steps for the emergency physician to take. Published data help guide both blood transfusion and medical management strategies for these patients.
I am yellow: Complications of cirrhosis
Authors: Douglas Taylor M. , Cheng Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion, as well as the manifestation of the inability of a patient with cirrhosis to compensate for another insult. The workup for a patient with altered mental status in whom hepatic encephalopathy is suspected must include an investigation of the precipitating cause. Consider diagnostic paracentesis to rule out spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, as well as evaluation for gastrointestinal bleeding, superimposed fulminant liver failure, myocardial infarction, and sepsis. Ascitic fluid should be sent for cell count with differential, albumin, protein, glucose, LDH, Gram stain, and culture. Consider albumin administration for resuscitation, especially if more than 5-L is removed during paracentesis. Use traditional transfusion cutoffs, regardless of active bleeding, but consider the use of vitamin K and, if a more immediate effect is needed, fresh frozen plasma. Treat hepatic encephalopathy primarily with lactulose and rifaximin, and get the critical care team involved early.
Cancer alphabet soup: Oncology complications
Authors: Owyang Clark G. , Murali Shyam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the many complications of oncologic patients in acute care medicine are the metabolic and hematologic derangements of tumor lysis syndrome, hyperviscosity syndrome, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. While laboratory values are key characteristics in these disorders, clinical presentation drives the diagnostic and therapeutic workup. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is often marked by dramatic coagulopathy treated with supportive care, blood product replacement, and treatment of the precipitating event. Hyperviscosity syndrome may present variably often with neurologic or pulmonary complications and is treated with cytoreductive therapies of hydroxyurea, plasmapheresis, or chemotherapy. Finally, tumor lysis syndrome reflects purine breakdown sequelae, with rasburicase and renal support often utilized in therapy.
Biophysical Properties of Thalamic Cell Types
Authors: Budde Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The neuronal cell types of the mammalian thalamus and prethalamus have been traditionally divided into 3 classes: (1) glutamatergic relay cells that project outside each nucleus to the cortex, the prethalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and other brain regions; (2) GABAergic local circuit interneurons that project within their nucleus of origin; (3) GABAergic neurons of the TRN that surround and innervate the thalamus. All of these cells are characterized by 2 fundamentally different modes of activity, termed burst and tonic firing. While these activity modes are frequently referred to as stereotypic features, electrophysiological recordings reveal that firing pattern are not homogeneous in thalamus and prethalamus. Neurons from different thalamic nuclei and prethalamic regions reveal specific variations of these general schemes. The expression of a peculiar set of ion channels partially operating at subthreshold membrane potential levels is the basis for the 2 firing modes with low threshold Ca2+, pacemaker, and K+ background channels playing essential roles. Differences in the expression profile, protein levels, and somatodendritic localization of ion channels contribute to the diversity of firing patterns. These ion channels also endow the cells with the ability to fire and maintain subthreshold oscillations in the absence of synaptic inputs, and some of them represent clinical and potential future drug targets for the treatment of diseases based on thalamic dysfunction.
Transformation of Receptive Fields across Laminae
Authors: Reyes Alex D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mammalian cortex is organized into 6 laminae, each of which can be distinguished by their circuitry and patterns of connections. Decades of experiments have revealed that the receptive fields and firing properties of neurons are different across laminae and suggest that signals from the thalamus are not simply propagated but are transformed. This chapter reviews the salient characteristics of receptive fields in the different laminae, describes the underlying circuitry, and explores possible mechanisms underlying propagation and transformations. Simulations are used to identify the limitations imposed by circuits and to make some predictions regarding how signals are combined.
The Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
Authors: Pinault Didier 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), an entirely GABAergic shell-shaped structure, is reciprocally connected with the thalamus, where it circulates—via the thalamocortical and corticothalamic axons—temporal and multimodal information. At the single-cell level, the reciprocal TRN-thalamus connections are organized to generate TRN-mediated recurrent and lateral inhibitions in the thalamus. The TRN cells have powerful intrinsic oscillatory properties and communicate with each other via electrical and synaptic synapses, thereby generating nearby immediate functional couplings (synchronized activities) and intra-TRN remote lateral inhibitions. The organization of its anatomo-functional subdivisions and connectome makes the TRN a modular set of filters, which functions as a whole. Thereby, the TRN resembles a “combinatorial matrix” tightly and loosely involved in the thalamocortical integration, attention-related filtering, and transfer of specific (sensory and motor) and contextual (cognitive and emotional) information during both bottom-up and top-down processing.
Connectivity of Motor Cortex, Motor Thalamus, and Striatum
Authors: Hooks Bryan M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Projections from motor thalamus to frontal areas, especially the primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4 in humans), play an important role in the planning, execution, and control of motor movements. While other cortical areas and subcortical targets contribute to processes such as conscious action selection, the motor thalamus and motor cortex are more centrally important for the initiation and production of motor commands during the movement itself. Thus, understanding how long-range connections of motor thalamus and cortex target specific cell types and brain regions can help clarify the circuits by which information comes in to initiate and plan movements, as well as identify the pathways by which it leaves to regulate movement. Recent technical advances have enabled the labeling, tracing, and manipulation of specific subtypes of excitatory and inhibitory cell types in these areas, with substantial similarities across several model systems including human, nonhuman primate, and rodent. Thus, a rough draft of inputs, local connections, and long-range outputs of motor thalamus and cortex can be drawn with cell type specificity.
Memory and the Rodent Anterior Thalamus
Authors: Peyrache Adrien , Duszkiewicz Adrian J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The brain has a unique ability to form explicit memories throughout the life span, for immediate retrieval during behavior (working memory) or to remember specific facts and events later in life (long-term declarative memory). These memories depend on the integrity of a vast network of brain structures in which the anterior thalamus occupies a central position, transmitting crucial subcortical signals and mediating cortico-cortical communication. The anterior thalamus is divided in several nuclei, each receiving and sending different streams of information and thus contributing differently to its operations. This chapter presents an overview on how neuronal signals, and dynamics in the anterior thalamus contribute to memory formation, during wakefulness, when memories are encoded, and sleep, when memories are reprocessed for long-term storage.
Evolution and Elaboration of Thalamocortical Action Maps
Authors: Cisek Paul , Nakahashi Ayuno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors describe a hypothesis on the functional organization of the thalamocortical and corticostriatal circuits of early mammals, constrained by inferences about ancestral amniotes and studies in modern mammalian species. Following the work of Graziano and others, they interpret the organization of sensorimotor neocortex in terms of “action maps” adapted to the needs of specific aspects of an animal’s behavioral repertoire, such as searching, feeding, handling, and defensive actions. The authors propose that selection between these activity types (e.g., search versus feed) is governed by the basal ganglia, while the particular details of actions within a type of activity (e.g., direction of locomotion) are selected within the cortical action map specialized for that activity. This proposal is supported by neuro-anatomical data from a wide range of species, as well as neural recording, microstimulation, and inactivation studies in rodents and primates, and leads to some testable predictions.