bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of N1-caffeoyl-N10-dihydrocaffeoylspermidine (Scotanamine D)
Authors: Ji Jingwen , Iqbal epub , Li Liuyan , Sun Jian , Zhou Pengjuan , Zhai Lijuan , He Lili , Tang Dong , Ji Jinbo , Yang Haikang , Yang Zhixiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
N1-caffeoyl-N10-dihydrocaffeoylspermidine (Scotanamine D), a spermidine alkaloid
isolated from various plants, is a medicinally valuable natural product. Recent studies have pointed
out several health benefits of this compound. However, its synthetic procedures are still not described
in the literature. We report the synthesis of this compound following two different schemes
comprising multiple steps with excellent overall yields, which are 57% and 81%, respectively. These
two synthetic schemes, which use commercially available and cheaper starting materials, can facilitate
the large-scale manufacturing of Scotanamine D.
Intensive Care Unit Management of Right Heart Failure and Lung
Transplantation for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Beale Anna , Safavi Sahideh , Granton John 
Published: January 2024

:
Pulmonary hypertension is associated with worse outcomes across systemic and cardiopulmonary
conditions. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction often leads to poor outcomes due to
a progressive increase in RV afterload. Recognition and management of RV dysfunction are important
to circumvent hospitalization and improve patient outcomes. Early recognition of patients
at risk for RV failure is important to ensure that medical therapy is optimized and, where appropriate,
referral for lung transplant assessment is undertaken. Patients initiated on parenteral prostanoids
and those with persistent intermediate to high risk for poor outcomes should be referred.
For patients with RV failure, identifying reversible causes should be a priority in conjunction with
efforts to optimize RV preload and strategies to reduce RV afterload. Admission to a monitored
environment where vasoactive medications can treat RV failure and its sequelae, such as renal dysfunction,
is essential in patients with severe RV failure.
Exit strategies need to be identified early on, with consideration and implementation of extracorporeal
support for those in whom recovery or transplantation are viable options. Enlisting the skills
and support of a palliative care team may improve the quality of life for patients with limited options
and those with ongoing symptoms from heart failure in the face of medical treatments.
Arrhythmias and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Unravelling the
Connection
Authors: Aggarwal Kanishk , Boyapati Sri Pranvi , Valecha Jayesh , Noor Amna , Kanwal Fnu , Jain Rohit , Kanagala Sai Gautham 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) results from gene mutations affecting cardiac
sarcomeres and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. With a prevalence of 1:200-1:500
in the general population, HCM is characterised by a hypertrophied and non-dilated left ventricle
with predominant involvement of the interventricular septum. The myocardium's structural and
intracellular factors, combined with triggers such as physical exertion, autonomic dysfunction,
and ischemia, can lead to reentry events, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, including atrial
fibrillation (AF) which is common among HCM patients. To manage the increased risk of mortality
arising from congestive heart failure and thromboembolism, in patients with AF long-term
anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic drugs are employed. HCM patients may also encounter supraventricular
and ventricular arrhythmias, such as nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and
ventricular premature beats, which can potentially lead to sudden cardiac death and necessitate
treatment with implanted defibrillators. Physicians must comprehensively analyse clinical, anatomical,
hemodynamic, rhythmic, functional, and genetic characteristics to identify HCM patients
at high risk of sudden death. This article aims to discuss the pathophysiology of arrhythmia
in HCM and clinical recommendations for various ventricular and atrial fibrillation including
catheter ablation and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
A Comparative Approach to the Legitimacy of Uterine Surrogacy in Jurisprudence in Iran and Some Muslim Countries in the Middle East, A Systematic Review
Authors: Parvizi Sahar , Ghodrati Fatemeh 
Published: January 2024

Background:
A surrogate uterus is one of the methods of artificial reproduction in the
treatment of infertility that has profound consequences in religion, law, ethics and society and is
done with the intervention of a third party. This research provides a general overview of jurisprudential
legitimacy in the field of surrogacy in some Middle Eastern countries (Turkey, Lebanon,
Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Palestine) in comparison to Iran in order to fill the research
gap as much as possible.

Objective:
A comparative approach to the legitimacy of uterine surrogacy in jurisprudence in Iran
and some Muslim countries in the Middle East.

Method:
This review article was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023 in order to examine
the comparative rights of surrogacy in Iran and some Middle Eastern countries from studies
published between 1970-2021 in the reliable database and other jurisprudential texts.

Results:
The majority of Sunni Muslim countries have announced the prohibition of surrogacy
and the invalidity of contracts concluded in this regard. In Iran, with religious permission, it has
had more social acceptance, and jurists and jurists prescribe surrogacy contracts. However, the legislator's
silence in this regard will have an effect on the emergence of different procedures in different
regions of Iran.

Conclusion:
Basically, increasing the adoption and implementation of surrogate pregnancy in different
societies of the Middle East requires more jurisprudential and legal efforts. So that the couples
involved in this type of fertility and the children born are kept safe from possible harm.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on the Happiness of Women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Using Social Media: An Educational Study
Authors: Vakilian Katayon , Hojjati Najafabadi Sara , Ghaemmaghami Mehrnoush , Zmanian Maryam , Beigi Marjan 
Published: January 2024

Aim:
Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation
education on the improvement of physical and mental conditions in women. However, there is
limited information about the effects of mindfulness counseling on happiness.

Background:
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) causes not only physical problems in women but also
mental problems, such as reduced levels of happiness.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mindfulness meditation approach
on the happiness of women with underlying premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Methods:
The sample size was estimated by power of 90%, confidence interval of 95%, δ1=
6.07and δ2 = 5.11, μ1= 23.05,μ2=19.01, Z1- β= 1.28, Z1- α/2 =1.96 and α = 0.05, the total number
of the subjects was 112 respondents (56 in intervention and 56 in the control groups). One hundred
twelve participants who had PMS in one interventional-educational study were randomly selected
from the health centers in Isfahan. The samples were divided into two groups: intervention
and control groups. The intervention group received eight 60-minute sessions of mindfulness education
using Google Meet. They taught meditation in a sitting position for 1-10 minutes by using
sounds and thoughts as the center of attention, applying the attention technique with a focus on
body movements while breathing, and doing yoga and relaxing the muscles to relieve stress. The
control group received no intervention. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics
questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire three times (before, immediately, and
one month after the intervention). SPSS 23, chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measure
ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

Results:
There was a significant increase in the mean score of happiness in the intervention group
immediately and one month after the intervention (P=0.0001).

Conclusion:
It was found that mindfulness education was effective on the level of happiness in
women with PMS; therefore, this intervention can be used to improve the level of happiness in women
with PMS.
Chitosan-grafted Cyclodextrin via Click Chemistry as an Encapsulating
Agent to Enhance the Antibacterial Activity of Thymol
Authors: Ez-zoubi Amine , El Hachlafi Naoufal , Ez Zoubi Yassine , Zaroual Hicham , Moustaid Wafae , Sghyar Riham , Farah Abdellah 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
This paper aimed to investigate, for the first time, the possibility of increasing the antibacterial activities of thymol (TH) by developing an encapsulating agent based
on chitosan-grafted cyclodextrin. For this purpose, β-cyclodextrin was monosubstituted at position 6 via propargyl bromide, and chitosan’s amine groups were converted to azide functions.
After alkylation and diazotization reactions, the grafting of β-cyclodextrin onto the chitosan (CSβCD) was realized via click chemistry alkyne–azide cycloaddition.

Methods:
The incorporation of TH into chitosan-grafted β-cyclodextrin (TH/CS-βCD) was performed by the freeze-drying method, and the encapsulation efficiency was investigated based on
various mass ratios (TH:CS-βCD). The optimized inclusion complex was then thoroughly examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Results:
The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
and Bacillus subtilis using broth-microdilution assay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
analysis demonstrated the successful grafting of β-cyclodextrin onto chitosan since the optimum
mass ratio between TH and CS-βCD was 1:8 (w:w), corresponding to 78 ± 3.42% of encapsulation efficiency, while SEM, XRD, TGA and DSC confirmed the establishment of TH/CS-βCD
inclusion complexes.

Conclusion:
The in vitro investigation showed that TH/CS-βCD exhibited higher antibacterial
properties compared to TH in free form.
Design of Cyclobut-3-Ene-1,2 Dione Derivatives as Anti-tubercular Agents
Authors: Ramalakshmi N. , Bhuvaneshwaran K. , Prabakaran A. , Thulasiraman N.J. , Bhavani M. , Aysvaryah R. , Arunkumar S. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Recent studies have shown modified cyclobutene derivatives as potent anti-
tubercular agents, and the discovery of drugs against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still
a crucial challenge in the modern world.

Objective:
The objective of the present study is to design and perform molecular docking studies
and in-silico analysis of some novel cyclobut-3-ene-1,2 Dione derivatives with the aim of creating
new, potential Mtb ATP synthase inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:
The structures of 24 compounds of diamino-substituted cyclobut-3-ene-1,2
Dione derivatives against Mtb ATP synthase were drawn using ChemSketch. Further, molecular
docking and in-silico studies for the prediction of drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic parameters
were carried out.

Results:
The docking studies of the novel compounds were done, and they had a better docking
score with a good binding affinity towards the protein molecule. The synthesized compounds also
comply with the in-silico prediction of drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic parameters and have
shown good activity against Mtb ATP synthase.

Conclusion:
The current study shows that the cyclobut-3-ene-1,2 Dione derivatives can serve as a
better lead molecule against Mtb ATP synthase and can be involved in further drug discovery
Determination of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Icotinib in Rat Plasma using
UPLC-MS/MS and its Application In vivo Pharmacokinetic
Authors: Zhao Xuewei , Li Ruoyang , Feng Zhangying , Chen Shanshan , Liang Yu , Gao Jinglin , Wang Mingxia 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to develop a UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of icotinib concentrations in blood plasma.

Methods:
For plasma sample preparation, protein precipitation with acetonitrile was utilized. Analytes
were separated on a Kinetex C18 column using 10 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.2% formic
acid and methanol (30:70) as the mobile phase, with a gradient flow rate ranging from 0.2 ml·min-1
to 0.4 ml·min-1. The total chromatographic analysis duration was 4.5 minutes. The UPLC system
was connected to a mass spectrometer via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operated in positive ion mode. Mass monitoring was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes, with
precursor-to-product transitions being m/z 392.06→304.07 for icotinib and m/z 248.00→120.09 for
the internal standard, tinidazole. This method has been used for a pharmacokinetic study in rats that
were orally administered a single dose of 30 mg/kg icotinib.

Results:
The assay showed good linearity over concentration ranges of 1-1000 ng/ml for icotinib, with
the correlation coefficient exceeding 0.99. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was established
at 1 ng/ml. Both intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were below 8.23%. The results demonstrated that stability, matrix effect, extraction recovery, carryover effect and dilution stability were
all within the acceptable conditions. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters in SD rats after oral
administration of icotinib (30 mg·kg-1
) were as follows: t1/2 = (2.92 ± 0.87)h, Cmax = (2168.65 ±
268.72)ng/ml, Tmax = (0.70 ± 0.27)h, AUC=(9.69 ± 1.95)ug/mL•h, Vd = (14.51 ± 5.60)L, and CL
= (3.19 ± 0.59)L/h.

Conclusion:
A simple and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the
determination of icotinib in pharmacokinetic studies.
Determination of Ketamine, Fluoroketamine, Norketamine, and
2-Norfluoro-ketamine in Urine using Ultra-performance Liquid
Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Dong Xicheng , Wang Wanhang , Wang Ziyue , Chen Dizhong , Wen Congcong , Wang Xianqin 
Published: January 2024

Objective::
This study aimed to establish a simple, reliable, and sensitive method for detecting
ketamine, fluoroketamine, and their metabolites in urine using UPLC-MS/MS.

Methods::
The chromatographic separation was performed on UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm,
1.7 μm) at a column temperature of 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous
solution and acetonitrile, with a flow rate set at 0.4 mL/min, following a specific elution procedure.
A urine sample was treated with acetonitrile, and midazolam was used as an internal standard.
Multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantitative analysis.

Results::
Ketamine, fluoroketamine, norketamine, and 2-norfluoro-ketamine exhibited linearity in
urine (r>0.99) within the concentration range of 5–2000 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions
were 9% or less and 12% or less, respectively. The accuracy ranged from 92 to 107%. Mean recoveries
were above 76%. The measured matrix effect was between 85 and 104%.

Conclusion::
This simple, reliable, and sensitive PLC-MS/MS method was successfully developed
to determine ketamine, fluoroketamine, and their metabolite in rat urine.
Exploration of Antileishmanial Compounds Derived from Natural Sources
Authors: Ghouse Peer Gajala Deethamvali , Priyadarshini Anjali , Gupta Archana , Vibhuti Arpana , Raj Vethakkani Samuel , Chang Chung-Ming , Pandey Ramendra Pati 
Published: January 2024

Aims::
Leishmaniasis is a deadly tropical disease that is neglected in many countries. World Health Organization, along with a few other countries, has been working together to protect against these parasites. Many novel drugs from the past few years have been discovered and subjected against leishmaniasis, which have been effective but they are quite expensive for lower-class people. Some drugs showed no effect on the patients, and the longer use of these medicines has made resistance against these deadly parasites. Researchers have been working for better medication by using natural products from medicinal plants (oils, secondary metabo-lites, plant extracts) and other alternatives to find active compounds as an alternative to the current synthetic drugs.

Materials and Methods:
To find more potential natural products to treat Leishmania spp, a study has been conducted and reported many plant metabolites and other natural alternatives from plants and their extracts. Selected research papers with few term words such as natural products, plant metabolites, Leishmaniasis, in vivo, in vitro, and treatment against leishmania-sis; in the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases with selected research papers published between 2015 and 2021 have been chosen for further analysis has been included in this report which has examined either in vivo or in vitro analysis.

Results:
This paper reported more than 20 novel natural compounds in 20 research papers that have been identified which report a leishmanicidal activity and shows an action against pro-mastigote, axenic, and intracellular amastigote forms.

Conclusion:
Medicinal plants, along with a few plant parts and extracts, have been reported as a possible novel anti-leishmanial medication. These medicinal plants are considered nontoxic to Host cells. Leishmaniasis treatments will draw on the isolated compounds as a source further and these compounds compete with those already offered in clinics.
LRRK2; Communicative Role in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
and Ulcerative Colitis Overlapping
Authors: Lashgari Naser-Aldin , Roudsari Nazanin Momeni , Niknejad Amirhossein , Shamsnia Hedieh Sadat , Shayan Maryam , Shalmani Leila Mohaghegh , Momtaz Saeideh , Rezaei Nima , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Involvement of gastrointestinal inflammation in Parkinson’s disease (PD)
pathogenesis and movement have progressively emerged. Inflammation is involved in the etiology
of both PD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Transformations in leucine-rich recurrent kinase
2 (LRRK2) are among the best hereditary supporters of IBD and PD. Elevated levels of LRRK2
have been reported in stimulated colonic tissue from IBD patients and peripheral invulnerable cells
from irregular PD patients; thus, it is thought that LRRK2 directs inflammatory cycles.

Objective:
Since its revelation, LRRK2 has been seriously linked in neurons, albeit various lines of
proof affirmed that LRRK2 is profoundly communicated in invulnerable cells. Subsequently,
LRRK2 might sit at a junction by which stomach inflammation and higher LRRK2 levels in IBD
might be a biomarker of expanded risk for inconsistent PD or potentially may address a manageable
helpful objective in incendiary sicknesses that increment the risk of PD. Here, we discuss how PD
and IBD share covering aggregates, especially regarding LRRK2 and present inhibitors, which
could be a helpful objective in ongoing treatments.

Method:
English data were obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library
studies published between 1990-December 2022.

Result:
Inhibitors of the LRRK2 pathway can be considered as the novel treatment approaches for
IBD and PD treatment.

Conclusion:
Common mediators and pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of IBD and PD,
which are majorly correlated with inflammatory situations. Such diseases could be used for further
clinical investigations.
In-vitro and In-silico Examinations on Baicalein-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Neurodegeneration
Authors: Varshney Mansi , Kumar Bhavna , Varshney Poorvi , Kumar Lal Diwya , Sethiya Neeraj Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background::
In the current scenario, most of the population affected by neurogenera-tive disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, etc., exist among the 10% population 65 years of age group. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised as chronic and progressive disorders that occur due to the degeneration of neurons. Baicalein is a flavonoid glycoside derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis. Earlier research suggested that it could be used to treat neurodegenerative illnesses. Baicalein, which was selected for the current study, was designed in-to a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulation. The SLNs have low permeability across BBB and are delivered by the non-invasive route, i.e., through nasal delivery. The In-silico docking studies were performed to examine and compare the binding affinity of Baicalein to already established drugs on the two most viable targets of Alzheimer's disease, i.e., Beta- secretase and Acetylcho-linesterase.

Objective::
The current work is to formulate and evaluate the Baicalein-loaded SLN for neuro-degenerative disorders via a non-invasive route.

Methods::
Baicalein loaded SLN was developed by solvent emulsification diffusion method, and formulation is characterised by using different parameters such as particle size analysis, zeta po-tential, scanning electron microscope, transverse electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Differen-tial scanning calorimetric, Fourier transforms -infrared radiations, drug entrapment, in-vitro drug release and in-silico docking studies.

Results::
The particle size of Baicalein-loaded SLN was 755.2 ± 0.48 nm, the Polydispersity index was 0.06, and the zeta potential was -32.5 ± 0.36 mV. The drug entrapment and loading efficien-cy of the optimised formulation were found to be 94% ± 0.653 and 18.2% ± 0.553, respectively. Optimised formulation shows 84.6% ± 0.3% of drug release within 30 minutes, which demon-strates the sustained release of the drug.

Conclusion::
Baicalein-loaded SLN is formulated and evaluated for the treatment of neurodegen-erative disorders. SLN is an approach to overcome the challenge of bypassing the BBB by admin-istering the drug via an intranasal route. Hence, when analysed together with the results of Bai-calein-loaded SLN and in-silico studies, it was correlated that Baicalein proved to have a targeted moiety for neurodegeneration.