bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An accurate and logically correct way to verify the numerical dispersion relations of FDTD and ADI‐FDTD methods
Authors: Zhao An Ping , Mäkinen Riku M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIt is well known that the numerical dispersion relations of all kinds of finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) methods, including the conventional FDTD and alternating‐direction implicit (ADI) FDTD methods, are derived from the assumption of plane wave. In the past, however, disregarding the above fact, a point source that creates a cylindrical wave was used to numerically validate the numerical dispersion relations of the FDTD‐related methods. Strictly speaking, using the point source for the validation is illogical and also incorrect. This is due to the fact that the numerical dispersion relation of the cylindrical wave differs from that of the plane wave. It is demonstrated in this paper that the phase velocity calculated from the point source strongly depends on the positions of the observation points, and that the calculated phase velocity never exactly matches the theoretical prediction, even though the phase velocity of the cylindrical wave gets closer to that of the plane wave when the observation points are located far away from the point source (that is, when the cylindrical wave can be approximately treated as the plane wave). On the contrary, numerical tests indicate that, no matter where the observation points are located, the phase velocity obtained using plane‐wave excitation agrees extremely well with the theoretical values. We can therefore conclude that to more accurately and logically verify the numerical dispersion relations of any kinds of FDTD‐related algorithms, plane‐wave excitation has to be employed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 427–431, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11400
Pulmonary effects of gastroschisis in a fetal rabbit model
Authors: Biard Jean‐Marc , Lu Hui Qi , Vanamo Kari , Maenhout Benedikte , De Langhe Ellen , Verbeken Erik , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRespiratory insufficiency is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among infants with anterior abdominal wall defects (AWD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary effects in a fetal rabbit model where gastroschisis was induced at midgestation. Gastroschisis (GAS) was created in 20 rabbit fetuses on day 22 or 23 of gestation (pseudoglandular phase; term = 31–32 days). The amniotic sacs of 13 fetuses were subjected to hysterotomy and amniotomy only (HYST), while 13 underwent a sham laparotomy which was immediately closed by sutures (SHAM). Eleven nonoperated littermates served as internal controls (CTR). Fetuses were harvested by cesarean section on day 31 of gestation prior to respiration. Pulmonary response was evaluated by left lung to body weight ratio (LWBWR), airway morphometry, and density of type II pneumocytes, as evaluated by the number of surfactant protein B‐positive cells. Fetuses from the GAS group had significantly lower body weights than did CTR (P = 0.0129). Of these fetuses, 27% were growth‐restricted, i.e., with a body weight under the 10th percentile of the CTR population. There were no differences in left lung weight and LWBWR among the GAS and CTR groups. Moreover, the GAS group had similar alveolar size, alveolar wall thickness, and type II cell density as CTR fetuses. Only mean terminal bronchiolar density (MTBD), which is inversely related to the alveolar space, was slightly increased in the GAS group, but without reaching significance (P = 0.0821). No effect on lung growth and maturation could be demonstrated in this study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:99–103. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of high‐dose fluticasone propionate on bone density and metabolism in children with asthma
Authors: Griffiths Amanda L. , Sim Derrick , Strauss Boyd , Rodda Christine , Armstrong David , Freezer Nicholas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSignificant concern remains over the long‐term side effects of inhaled steroids. This cross‐sectional study evaluates the effect of high‐dose inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) on biochemical markers of bone metabolism and bone density in children with asthma. Children with chronic asthma using FP ≥ 1,000 mcg daily for at least 6 months, and healthy controls, were entered in the study. No children had taken oral prednisolone within the previous month. Fasting morning serum was analyzed for bone formation markers, and spot urine for bone resorption markers. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) results were reviewed in a subgroup of patients. Forty‐nine children with asthma and 32 controls were recruited. The mean FP dose was 771.2 ± 253.35 mcg/m2/day. Unpaired t‐test analysis revealed no significant difference in biochemical markers studied. In subjects with asthma; 13 of 37 (35.1%) had lumbar spine density more than one standard deviation below the mean (P = 0.001). This fell to 6/37 (16.2%) with bone age correction (NS). In conclusion, no significant reduction in bone metabolism or bone age‐corrected bone mineral density was observed in children with asthma on prolonged high doses of inhaled FP. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:116–121. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate in children less than 2 years old with recurrent wheezing
Authors: Teper Alejandro M. , Colom Alejandro J. , Kofman Carlos D. , Maffey Alberto F. , Vidaurreta Santiago M. , Bergadá Ignacio 
Published: January 2004

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two doses of fluticasone propionate (FP) in young children with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma. Our study design was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled comparison of inhaled FP 50 mcg twice daily (FP 100) and 125 mcg twice daily (FP 250), for 6 months. Outcome measures included number of wheezing episodes, days on albuterol, height standard deviation score (height SDS), osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase fraction (AKP), insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3), and serum levels of cortisol (SC). Our subjects were 30 patients, aged 7–24 months. Mean wheezing episodes were 6.0 ± 1.9, 1.9 ± 1.9, and 2.8 ± 1.2; mean days of albuterol use were 24.3 ± 1.3, 6.5 ± 0.8, and 9.1 ± 0.8, per patient for placebo, FP100, and FP250 groups, respectively. There was a significant reduction in clinical outcome in the two FP groups compared to placebo (P < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between FP dosage and height SDS, OC, AKP, IGFBP‐3, and SC. In conclusion, in young children with asthmatic symptoms, FP at 50 and 125 mcg b.i.d. for 6 months significantly improved respiratory symptoms without causing significant side effects on growth and bone metabolism. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:111–115. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction in prevalence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection at a regional pediatric cystic fibrosis center
Authors: Lee Tim W.R. , Brownlee Keith G. , Denton Miles , Littlewood James M. , Conway Steven P. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractVarious management strategies were introduced at the Leeds Regional Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Unit in an attempt to reduce the prevalence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection, previously thought to be inevitable in most children with CF. These included neonatal screening (1975), regular microbiological monitoring (1975), early antibiotic treatment of first isolations of P. aeruginosa (1985), intensive intravenous antibiotic treatment where nebulized antibiotics failed to eradicate P. aeruginosa (1988), and separate clinics for patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa and uninfected patients (1991). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of these interventions. All 232 patients receiving full‐time care at the Leeds Paediatric CF Centre during the period January 1990–December 2000 were categorized into four groups: never grown P. aeruginosa; free of P. aeruginosa for at least 1 year; intermittent grower of P. aeruginosa with ≤50% of months with samples positive for P. aeruginosa over the previous 12 months; and chronic P. aeruginosa infection with >50% of months with samples positive for P. aeruginosa over the previous 12 months. The yearly prevalence of patients having chronic P. aeruginosa infection fell significantly during the study, from 24.5% in 1990 to 18.1% in 2000 (P < 0.05), despite an increase in mean age of patients from 7.73 to 9.42 years. The number of patients aged less than 11 years who had chronic P. aeruginosa infection fell from 23.8% in January 1990 to only 4.3% by December 2000. The annual incidence and mean age of first acquisition of P. aeruginosa did not alter significantly. In conclusion, antipseudomonal management strategies were associated with both reduced prevalence, and an increase in the mean age of onset of chronic P. aeruginosa infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:104–110. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of formoterol turbuhaler® when added to inhaled corticosteroid treatment in children with asthma
Authors: Zimmerman Barry , D'Urzo Anthony , Bérubé Denis 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, parallel‐group, multicenter study was conducted in 302 children aged 6–11 years with asthma not optimally treated with inhaled corticosteroids alone. Patients continued with their existing dose of inhaled corticosteroids and in addition received placebo, formoterol 4.5 μg or formoterol 9 μg b.i.d., for 12 weeks (all delivered via Turbuhaler®). Terbutaline was available as reliever medication. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in morning peak expiratory flow (PEF); secondary efficacy variables included forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), serial PEF measured over 12 hr, evening PEF, asthma symptom score, and quality of life. Compared with placebo, formoterol 4.5 μg and 9 μg improved morning PEF by 8 l/min (P = 0.035) and 11 l/min (P = 0.0045), respectively. Evening PEF and FEV1 were also significantly increased compared with placebo, with no statistically significant difference between formoterol doses. Lung‐function improvements compared with placebo were greater in the middle of the day. Twelve‐hour average serial PEF after 3 months increased by 24 l/min (95% CI, 9, 39 l/min) in the formoterol 9‐μg group, and by 14 l/min (95% CI, 0, 29 l/min) in the formoterol 4.5‐μg group. The incidence of severe exacerbations in both formoterol groups was numerically lower than in the placebo group, indicating that formoterol may have the potential to improve exacerbation control in children. Both formoterol doses were well‐tolerated, and tolerance to the drug's bronchodilator effect was not observed. Formoterol provided sustained improvements in lung function and was well‐tolerated in children with asthma suboptimally treated with inhaled corticosteroids alone. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:122–127. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bringing new treatments to the bedside in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Brennan Amanda L. , Geddes Duncan M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in 1989 led to a dramatic increase in the understanding of the molecular basis of CF. Increased knowledge has provided the opportunity to target drug development at correcting the basic defect either by gene therapy or pharmacological modulation of the abnormal physiological processes.Development of new medications for the CF population poses many challenges. The discovery and development of new medications is always time consuming and expensive. Since CF affects a small population worldwide, the potential for a drug company to profit from a new treatment is limited. In addition, each new therapy must have an additional and proven benefit to be attractive to clinicians and consumers, otherwise it will not be commercially viable. Demonstrating clinical benefit is problematic as a limited number of patients are available to participate in clinical trails and outcome measures, such as length of life, are hard to measure.In this review we will illustrate these challenges by discussing the development of treatments which have successfully reached the bedside and those that were unsuccessful. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:87–98. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Harvesting airway surface liquid: A comparison of two techniques
Authors: Landry Jennifer S. , Landry Champlain , Cowley Elizabeth A. , Govindaraju Karuthapillai , Eidelman David H. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe quantity and composition of airway surface liquid (ASL) are essential to host defense. To date, attempts to harvest ASL and measure its composition have yielded conflicting results. We investigated the physical principles underlying two techniques that were proposed for harvesting ASL: filter paper pledgets and polyethylene catheters. We compared the force and pressure generation and the kinematics of capillarity‐induced fluid uptake with both techniques. Both have significant limitations for harvesting ASL, generating physiologically significant pressures (filter paper, 60.4 Pa; polyethylene, 14.3 Pa) that could potentially compromise epithelial integrity. Furthermore, filter paper generates a force 85‐fold higher than the polyethylene catheter, which is associated with a very high rate of uptake of liquid and a large total amount of liquid relative to ASL thickness. While the PE catheter harvests liquid more gently, it is only effective when ASL surface tension is below 31 mN/m. These limitations likely account for some of the variability in reported ASL composition, and highlight the need for improved methods for harvesting ASL. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:149–157. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nodular pulmonary vasculitis in a twelve‐year‐old boy
Authors: Borchers T. , Dirsch O. , Schaper J. , Kreuzfelder E. , Jakob H. , Ratjen F. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA 12‐year‐old boy presented with left shoulder pain during physical exercise and complained of uncommon sweating and fatigue. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe. All laboratory values were within normal limits, except for an elevated level of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase (p‐ANCA). Surgery was performed, and pathological examination showed a localized granulomatous vasculitis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against affinity purified proteinase 3 (p‐ANCA) concentrations returned to baseline within 6 months, and the patient has done well during a follow‐up period of 2 years. While nodular vasculitis is known to occur in Wegener's granulomatosis, to the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first c‐ANCA negative primary pulmonary vasculitis in childhood. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:181–185. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary involvement in tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Vicente M.P. , Pons M. , Medina M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTuberous sclerosis is a neurocutaneous syndrome involving many tissues. Pulmonary involvement is rare. Pulmonary cases are usually women of child‐bearing age who present with spontaneous pneumothorax or progressive dyspnea. In childhood and, even more, in male patients, pulmonary involvement by tuberous sclerosis is exceptional. We report on a 4‐year‐old male patient diagnosed in the first months of life with tuberous sclerosis with predominantly respiratory symptoms (frequently with acute RDS criteria), in whom lung involvement was pathologically confirmed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:178–180. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) expression in human lung in RDS and BPD
Authors: Chetty Anne , Andersson Sture , Lassus Patrik , Nielsen Heber C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe hypothesize that IGF‐1 and IGF‐1R proteins are upregulated in lung epithelia and fibroblasts in RDS compared to normal development, and are further upregulated in BPD. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate IGF‐1 and IGF‐R expression in lungs from autopsies of human stillbirths and RDS and BPD patients. IGF‐1 and IGF‐R immunostaining were present in fetal, RDS, and BPD lungs. In RDS, IGF‐1 was present in alveolar epithelium and prominent in columnar and cuboidal airway epithelia. In BPD lungs, immunostaining was intensely increased in both airway and alveolar epithelia and in mesenchyme. The immunostaining index in bronchial epithelial cells and peribronchial myofibroblasts was significantly higher in BPD compared to RDS. IGF‐1R expression was minimal in fetal lung and found mainly in mesenchyme. IGF‐1R was increased in mesenchyme in RDS. In BPD it was especially increased in peribronchial and perialveolar mesenchyme. Immunostaining index for IGF‐1R in epithelial cells and peribronchial myofibroblasts was increased in BPD compared to RDS. IGF‐1 and IGF‐R expression is low during fetal development, but is acutely upregulated in RDS, and persists with further upregulation in BPD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:128–136. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BPI‐ANCA of pediatric cystic fibrosis patients can impair BPI‐mediated killing of E. coli DH5α in vitro
Authors: Schultz Hendrik , Schinke Susanne , Mosler Katharina , Herlyn Karen , Schuster Antje , Gross Wolfgang L. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractGram‐negative bacterial lung infections and chronic bacterial colonization are major threats for pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Besides impeded mucociliary clearance, other mechanisms that contribute to increased susceptibility to infections are presumed. The bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI), which is delivered by neutrophil granulocytes and mucosal epithelial cells, is one of the most potent innate antibiotics against Gram‐negative bacteria and endotoxin. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies against BPI (BPI‐ANCA) have been found in up to 90% of CF patients, and titers correlated inversely with lung function parameters. As major pulmonary damage is mediated by Gram‐negative bacteria and their products, the question was raised as to whether BPI‐ANCA can inhibit the antibiotic function of BPI in these patients. Sera of 23 pediatric CF patients were analyzed for the presence of BPI‐ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, epitope mapping, and Western blotting. Patients' IgG were tested in a bacterial growth inhibition assay with recombinant BPI (rBPI) and an amino‐terminal fragment of BPI (rBPI21) that retains antibiotic activity for inhibition of the antibiotic function of BPI against E. coli DH5α in vitro. BPI was recognized by 21 of 23 patients' sera in our detection assays. Thirteen of 23 patients' BPI‐ANCA (56%) could inhibit the antibiotic function in vitro. Moreover, epitope mapping over the whole BPI sequence revealed that more patients' BPI‐ANCA recognize the amino‐terminal part of BPI than can be detected by ELISA. Thus, in pediatric CF patients, BPI‐ANCA may contribute to diminished bacterial clearance by inhibiting the antibiotic function of BPI. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:158–164. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences between adolescents' and parents' reports of health‐related quality of life in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Britto Maria T. , Kotagal Uma R. , Chenier Thomas , Tsevat Joel , Atherton Harry D. , Wilmott Robert W. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractOur objective was to determine the magnitude and direction of differences between adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their parents' reports of the adolescents' health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) as measured by the adolescent and parent versions of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Sixty‐two adolescents (mean age, 13.7 years; 46% female; mean forced expired volume in 1 sec, 73%) completed the 87‐item adolescent form, and their parents (79% mothers; 77% working full or part time) completed the 50‐item parent form of the CHQ during a routine clinic visit. For each scale, ANOVA was used to determine pairwise differences between adolescent and parent scale scores. For scales in which a significant parent‐adolescent difference existed, ANCOVA was used to determine disease and demographic factors independently associated with differences in scores. Finally, responses for each pair were compared only on similarly worded items within each scale. For the full CHQ scales, adolescents rated their HRQOL significantly better than did their parents with regard to General Health (mean difference, 12.4 points), Role Function/Physical (mean difference, 9.0 points), Behavior (mean difference, 4.8 points), and Physical Function (mean difference, 4.0 points). No demographic or health factor was associated consistently with differences in parent‐adolescent scores. When only similarly worded items were compared, adolescents still tended to rate their HRQOL better, but the difference was significant only for General Health (P = 0.0005), where adolescents rated themselves less susceptible to illness and less worried about their health than their parents. In conclusion, optimal measurement of adolescent HRQOL will likely require determining both parent and adolescent perceptions of HRQOL. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:165–171. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison between classical robust stability conditions
Authors: Paoletti S. , Grasselli O. M. , Menini L. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe paper is focused on the comparison between some classical robust stability conditions for continuous‐time linear time‐invariant systems. Such conditions are given as lemmas in the paper, since their statements include some generalizations, needed in order to better compare (and use) them. The analysis is carried out by comparing pairwise the families of systems whose stabilization through a given compensator is guaranteed by each of the considered robust stability conditions. Some properties of the families are formally derived and stated, and some very simple examples arc exhibited in order to illustrate the presented properties and comparisons. A theorem, representing an extension of one of the considered conditions, is proposed in order to overcome some difficulties arising in the use of the classical result. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear quantitative stability
Authors: Baños Alfonso , Horowitz Isaac M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis work makes use of the Schauder fixed point theorem to develop a quantitative approach to the stability problem of non‐linear QFT designs. The method is applied to non‐linear systems having a linear high‐frequency behaviour, allowing nonlinearities in the input and output, and is especially well suited for systems with hard memoryless nonlinearities. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic models of economic systems and industrial organizations
Authors: Forrester Jay W. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn the material that follows, I comment on model building from the viewpoint of its effectiveness in predicting economic behavior and its value as a guide to the management of industrial organizations and the establishment of operating policies and organizational structure. I am referring throughout to models describing sequences of events progressing in time and not mathematical models for describing a static set of relationships.Although the text is written in a somewhat critical manner, I look on most of the statements as propositions for further consideration and discussion rather than as facts which I accept at face value. While my general propositions suggest that current economic model design techniques are not progressing in the most fruitful direction, it is certainly true that those avenues needed to be explored, that most of the efforts represent some progress, and that they provide a foundation from which we can hope to build a better system of economic and industrial ﬁrm models using techniques and machines which have become available in the last decade. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.