bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of exogenously added GPI‐anchored proteins following their incorporation into cells*
Authors: Premkumar Daniel R.D. , Fukuoka Yoshihiro , Sevlever Daniel , Brunschwig Elaine , Rosenberry Terrone L. , Tykocinski Mark L. , Medof M. Edward 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIsolated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins, when added to cells in vitro, incorporate into their surface membranes and, once incorporated, exert their native functions. Virtually any protein of interest, if expressed as a GPI‐reanchored derivative, can be modified to acquire this capacity. Such transfer of proteins directly to cells, termed “protein engineering” or “painting” constitutes an alternative to conventional gene transfer for manipulating cell surface composition that has many potential applications. Previous studies with incorporated GPI‐anchored proteins have focused almost entirely on their extracellular functions. In this study, biotinylated human erythrocyte (Ehu) decay accelerating factor, Ehu acetylcholinesterase, and GPI‐reanchored murine B7‐1 and B7‐2 were used as GPI‐anchored reporters to characterize their plasma membrane organization and cell signalling properties following addition to Hela or Chinese hamster ovary cells. For each reporter, three types of cell‐association were documented; (1) nonphysiological attachment and/or incomplete insertion, (2) uncomplexed membrane integration, and (3) organization into TX‐100‐resistant microdomains. Transit from the first two compartments into the third, i.e., microdomains, progressed slowly, continuing even after 24 to 36 h and was associated with the acquisition of cell signalling capacity. All four reporters, incorporated in two different detergents, behaved similarly. When organized in microdomains, caveolin and other GPI proteins co‐isolated with the incorporated reporter. These results have implications for protein engineering of cells in general, and in particular, for cells such as modified tumor cell immunogens administered to patients for therapeutic purposes. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 234–245, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p38β MAP kinase protects rat mesangial cells from TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Guo Yan‐Lin , Kang Baobin , Han Jiahuai , Williamson John R. 
Published: August 2002

Abstractp38 MAP kinases (p38) and c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinases (JNK) have been associated with TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. However, recent studies indicate that an early but brief activation of JNK and/or p38 may actually protect some cells from TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. Whether the activation of JNK and p38 provides a pro‐ or anti‐apoptotic signal for TNF‐α has been controversial. In this study, we investigated the role of p38 in the regulation of TNF‐α cytotoxicity in rat mesangial cells. Treatment of the cells with TNF‐α alone had little effect on their viability, but they became very sensitive to apoptosis when treated with TNF‐α in the presence of the p38 inhibitor SB 203580. These results suggested that the p38 pathway is critical for mesangial cells to survive the toxic effect of TNF‐α. Using adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer technique, we further demonstrated that p38β, but not p38α, is essential to protect the cells from TNF‐α toxicity. It has been speculated that there is a synergetic interaction between the p38 and the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathways in protecting certain cells from apoptosis. However, expression of neither p38β nor its dominant negative mutant in mesangial cells interfered with TNF‐α‐induced translocation of NF‐κB, the initial step of NF‐κB activation. While it is unclear whether p38β regulates NF‐κB transcription activity at other steps, it is apparent that p38β does not affect TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation at the stage of nuclear translocation. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 556–565, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sodium fluoride induces changes on proteoglycans synthesized by avian osteoblasts in culture
Authors: Rodríguez J. Pablo , Rosselot Gastón 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe results reported here show that sodium fluoride (NaF) at low concentration (up to 10 μM) increased four times the proliferation rate of avian osteoblasts in culture. Also NaF increases, in a concentration dependent manner, 10 times the alkaline phosphatase activity. However, NaF decreased the incorporation of 35S‐sulfate into proteoglycans (PGs) synthesized by osteoblasts (60–65%). Also, we observed that PGs synthesized in the presence of NaF (50 μM) exhibited a higher sensitivity to chondroitinase ABC than PGs synthesized by osteoblasts in the absence of NaF, suggesting an increase in the chondroitin sulfate moieties associated with the core protein of PGs. The modification of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains composition was evidenced also by change in the mean charge density of the PGs observed by ion exchange chromatography. Since the ratio of 35SO4/3H‐glucosamine incorporated into PGs was similar in the presence and in the absence of NaF (8.2 and 7, respectively), it is not possible to explain differences in mean charge density by changes in the sulfation extent of PGs. No differences were observed in the hydrodynamic size of PG synthesized in the presence of NaF, nor in the hydrodynamic size of the GAG chains. According to these results, we speculate that the stimulatory effect of fluoride on bone mineralization may be mediated, in part, by the changes in the rate of synthesis or in the structural characteristics of bone PGs. The changes produced by fluoride in PGs suggest that these molecules play an inhibitory role in the bone mineralization process. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 607–616, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis by combination with (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate and dacarbazine in mice
Authors: Liu Jean‐Dean , Chen Sheng‐Hsuan , Lin Chih‐Li , Tsai Shu‐Huei , Liang Yu‐Chih 
Published: August 2002

Abstract(−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, was shown to have cancer chemopreventive activity. In this study, we examined the antimetastatic effects of EGCG or the combination of EGCG and dacarbazine on B16‐F3m melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. First, the antimetastatic potentials of five green tea catechins were examined by soft agar colony formation assay, and the results show that EGCG was more effective than the other catechins in inhibiting soft agar colony formation. Second, EGCG dose‐dependently inhibited B16‐F3m cell migration and invasion by in vitro Transwell assay. Third, EGCG significantly inhibited the spread of B16‐F3m cells on fibronectin, laminin, collagen, and Matrigel in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, EGCG significantly inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9). In animal experiments, EGCG alone reduced lung metastases in mice bearing B16‐F3m melanomas. However, a combination of EGCG and dacarbazine was more effective than EGCG alone in reducing the number of pulmonary metastases and primary tumor growths, and increased the survival rate of melanoma‐bearing mice. These results demonstrate that combination treatment with EGCG and dacarbazine strongly inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis, and the action mechanisms of EGCG are associated with the inhibition of cell spreading, cell‐extracellular matrix and cell‐cell interactions, MMP‐9 and FAK activities. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 631–642, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient calculation of Franck–Condon factors and vibronic couplings in polyatomics
Authors: Toniolo A. , Persico M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a technique for the calculation of Franck–Condon factors and other integrals between vibronic wave functions belonging to different electronic states. The technique is well suited for the determination of the nonadiabatic or spin‐orbit couplings related to radiationless decays in polyatomics. Rigorous or approximate partitions of the internal coordinate space are exploited to achieve better efficiency and/or to go beyond the harmonic approximation. The technique is tested by computing the Internal Conversion and InterSystem Crossing rates of (CH3)3CNO in its 1(n→π*) state. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 968–975, 2001
Reflecting on homework in psychotherapy: What can we conclude from research and experience?
Authors: Kazantzis Nikolaos , Lampropoulos Georgios K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article examines the empirical basis of using homework in psychotherapy and then offers a synthesis of the research literature with the preceding clinical articles. We provide a practitioner‐friendly review of psychotherapy process and outcome research literature, concluding that there is now sufficient evidence to support the assertion that homework assignments enhance psychotherapy outcomes. It is also clear that homework compliance is a consistently significant predictor of treatment outcome. Limitations of existing studies and future research directions are outlined, and we suggest that more specific questions are required regarding the integration of homework into therapy process. Clinical recommendations and issues in homework administration described in preceding articles are also synthesized. The research evidence and contributors to this issue converge in recommending homework within the broad context of psychotherapy and using creative ways of administering homework that is customized to the client. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 577–585, 2002.
EMDR 12 years after its introduction: Past and future research
Authors: Shapiro Francine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was one of the first treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to be evaluated in controlled research and has to date been empirically supported by 13 such studies. This article reviews the historical context and empirical research of EMDR over the past dozen years. Historically, EMDR's name has caused confusion in that “desensitization” is considered to be only a by‐product of reprocessing and because the eye movement component of EMDR is only one form of dual stimulation to be successfully used in this integrative approach. Research is needed to determine the comparative efficacy of EMDR relative to cognitive‐behavioral treatments of PTSD. However, this has been hampered by the lack of independent replication studies of the latter treatments. Current component analyses of EMDR have failed to effectively evaluate the relative weighting of its procedures. Parameters for future research and the testing of protocols for diverse disorders are suggested. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1–22, 2002.
The relationship between efficacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD
Authors: Maxfield Louise , Hyer Lee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe controlled treatment outcome studies that examined the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder have yielded a range of results, with the efficacy of EMDR varying across studies. The current study sought to determine if differences in outcome were related to methodological differences. The research was reviewed to identify methodological strengths, weaknesses, and empirical findings. The relationships between effect size and methodology ratings were examined, using the Gold Standard (GS) Scale (adapted from Foa & Meadows, 1997). Results indicated a significant relationship between scores on the GS Scale and effect size, with more rigorous studies according to the GS Scale reporting larger effect sizes. There was also a significant correlation between effect size and treatment fidelity. Additional methodological components not detected by the GS Scale were identified, and suggestions were made for a Revised GS Scale. We conclude by noting that methodological rigor removes noise and thereby decreases error measurement, allowing for the more accurate detection of true treatment effects in EMDR studies. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 23–41, 2002.
The lay concept of “mental disorder” among American undergraduates
Authors: Haslam Nick , Giosan Cezar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLay concepts of “mental disorder” were investigated in a pilot study of beliefs about 68 conditions, 47 of which corresponded to DSM‐IV mental disorders. Undergraduates who had no formal education in abnormal psychology rated the conditions on features proposed in technical definitions of “mental disorder” and judged whether the conditions were mental disorders. The features composed three dimensions—social deviancy, harmful dysfunction, and peculiarity—the last two of which were strongly and independently associated with judgments of mental disorder (R = 0.83). Lay and DSM‐IV understandings of “mental disorder” showed moderate convergence. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 479–485, 2002.
The impact of ethnicity on prospective functional outcomes from community‐based psychosocial rehabilitation for persons with schizophrenia
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth S. , Barrio Concepcion , Brekke John S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEthnicity was examined for its relationship to prospective functional outcomes from community‐based psychosocial rehabilitation for individuals with schizophrenia. Participants were 98 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were admitted to two community‐based psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Previous studies had established that these programs were effective in improving functional outcomes. Data on hospitalization, independent living, social, and work functioning were collected every 6 months for a period of 3 years. The results using hierarchical linear modeling revealed significant differences among non‐minorities, African Americans, and Latinos in rehabilitative change over time in the domains of work and social functioning. Non‐minorities achieved the greatest gains in both social and work functioning. African Americans showed little change in social functioning, but showed a decline in work functioning. In the domain of work, Latinos deteriorated more than African Americans, and this was most notable for Latino males. There were no cross‐ethnic differences in independent living or hospitalization outcomes. Based on these findings, there is important variation among different ethnic groups in their response to psychosocial rehabilitation. Implications are discussed in terms of the need for culturally relevant rehabilitation methods, and for research on cultural constructs in community‐based intervention studies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Goniodomin A, an antifungal polyether macrolide, exhibits antiangiogenic activities via inhibition of actin reorganization in endothelial cells
Authors: Abe Mayumi , Inoue Daisuke , Matsunaga Kimihiro , Ohizumi Yasushi , Ueda Hiroshi , Asano Tomiko , Murakami Masahiro , Sato Yasufumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGoniodomin A (GDA) is an antifungal polyether macrolide isolated from the dinoflagellate Goniodoma pseudogoniaulax. Previous studies revealed that GDA profoundly affected cytoskeletal reorganization. We examined the effect of GDA on the angiogenic properties of vascular endothelial cells. GDA itself did not affect proliferation of, migration of, and tube formation in type I collagen gels by, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Proliferation of BAECs stimulated by bFGF was not affected by GDA at concentrations of up to 10 nM. However, at similar concentrations, GDA significantly inhibited bFGF‐induced migration and tube formation in type I collagen gels by BAECs. Actin reorganization is required for cell migration. GDA caused the perinuclear aggregation of filamentous actin and inhibited stress fiber formation in bFGF‐ or VEGF‐stimulated BAECs and lysophosphatidic acid‐stimulated HeLa cells. However, GDA did not affect stress fiber structures already formed through Gβγ expression or in constitutively active RhoA mutant HeLa cells. Finally, GDA inhibited forming of vasucular system in a chorioallantoic membrane. Our results indicated that GDA suppressed angiogenic properties of ECs at least in part through the inhibition of actin reorganization and inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 109–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzyme‐assisted water‐extraction of oil and protein from rice bran
Authors: Hanmoungjai P , Pyle D L , Niranjan K 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnzymatic water‐extraction of oil and proteins from rice bran was studied in a laboratory‐scale set‐up. The effects of the following enzymes – Celluclast 1.5L, hemicellulase, Pectinex Ultra SP‐L, Viscozyme L, Alcalase 0.6L and papain – on oil and protein extraction yields, and the level of reducing sugars in the extract were investigated. The results showed that Alcalase was most effective in enhancing oil and protein extraction yields. Papain was found to be superior to all carbohydrase enzymes but it gave lower yields than Alcalase. Celluclast 1.5L, hemicellulase, Pectinex Ultra SP‐L and Viscozyme L did not affect yields significantly but increased the level of reducing sugars in the extract.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The health significance of environmental odour pollution: revisited
Authors: Shusterman Dennis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe health impact of environmental odor pollution varies with both the source and the exposed population. Some environmental odors herald toxicologically important exposures. On the other hand, some potent odorants, in particular organic amines and reduced sulfur gases, have odor thresholds several orders of magnitude lower than their thresholds for irritant (or other toxic) effects. Notwithstanding this apparent margin of safety, community members impacted by such emissions often report, not only odor‐related annoyance, but also such somatic symptoms as headache, nausea and shortness of breath. This paper reviews potential pathophysiologic mechanisms whereby ordors, per se, may trigger symptoms among exposed individuals. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasticity in the electrophysiological properties of oxytocin neurons
Authors: Armstrong William E. , Stern Javier E. , Teruyama Ryoichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn mammals, the neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin (OT) is released into the bloodstream during labor and lactation to promote uterine contraction and milk ejection, respectively. Electrophysiological studies have established that OT neurons fire in brief, synchronized bursts during this release. During pregnancy and lactation, the intrinsic membrane and synaptic properties of OT, and to a lesser extent vasopressin (VP) neurons, are altered as a part of the adaptation to these specialized states. During lactation OT neurons specifically exhibit an enhanced rebound depolarization which could assist in instigating bursts and an increased gating of firing frequency which is correlated with an enhanced Ca2+‐dependent after hyperpolarization. Spike broadening occurs in both VP and OT neurons, but in OT neurons this and other changes are present during late pregnancy, suggesting involvement of steroidal hormones in programming neuronal adaptations. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity also are altered by reproductive state. There is a doubling of glutamatergic activity specific to OT neurons which is consistent with an increase in terminal numbers, but this is accompanied by an increase in paired‐pulse facilitation, suggesting an increase in the probability of glutamate release during lactation as well. Together with profound changes in both pre‐ and postsynaptic GABAergic synaptic activity, these data suggest that neurosecretory, and particularly OT neuronal, properties are state‐dependent. These modifications may adjust the responsiveness of these neurons to afferent stimulation during periods of increased hormone demand and thereby enhance stimulus‐secretion coupling. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:73–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral growth in Fragile X syndrome: Review and comparison with Down syndrome
Authors: Kates Wendy R. , Folley Bradley S. , Lanham Diane C. , Capone George T. , Kaufmann Walter E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have shown selective changes in brain size in Fragile X syndrome (FraX), which include reductions in the posterior cerebellar vermis, age‐dependent increases in hippocampal volume, and enlarged caudate nucleus and thalamus. Contrasting with these limbic and subcortical anomalies, much less is known about the neocortex in FraX. The present study attempted to examine cerebral and lobar‐level volumetric changes in young males with FraX (2–7 years), by comparing groups of subjects with full mutation (FM) and mosaicism (Mos) with both age‐matched controls and subjects with developmental language delay (DLD) and Down syndrome (DS). For this purpose, we used high resolution (i.e, SPGR) MRI scans and semi‐automated methods for segmenting (tissue class) and parcellating (i.e., Talairach) the brain. In agreement with previous studies, we found no changes in overall brain or cerebrum size in FraX. Nevertheless, boys with FM FraX had relative reductions in temporal lobe volume (primarily gray matter) and relative preservation/enlargement of parietal white matter volume. While temporal lobe reductions were not specific, since they were also observed in DLD and DS subjects, parietal preservation/enlargement was only seen in FraX. The relevance of these preliminary findings was emphasized by comparisons between FraX groups, which revealed more marked changes in FM FraX than in Mos FraX (i.e., gene dosage). While cross‐sectional analyses revealed marked age‐dependent decreases in DS, a group showing marked global and lobar volumetric reductions, there were no changes over time in FraX. These neuroimaging data are discussed in the context of FraX neurobiology and other developmental disorders. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:159–167, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.