bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Personas for Assistive Technology Development: Improving the Cognitive Support of Older Adults on the Dementia Continuum
Authors: Spalla Guillaume , Gouin-Vallerand Charles , Yaddaden Amel , Gagnon-Roy Mireille , Bottari Carolina , Bier Nathalie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Executive function operations (Formulate a Goal, Plan, Carry out the task and Verify goal attainment) are important for supporting independence, and are often impacted early in dementia, yet are seldom considered in the design of assistive technologies for cognition for older adults with dementia. This article introduces personas, i.e., fictitious, specific, concrete representations of target users, to support the design of assistive technologies for cognition from the perspective of executive dysfunction. We first categorized the assistance most appropriate to provide, based on a quantitative secondary analysis of annotated videos of 16 older adults who received assistance during a functional assessment. The annotations of the videos classified the assistance required for task completion into categories. We then designed the personas based on this quantitative secondary analysis. A persona was designed for each of the first three executive function operations: Formulate a goal, Plan and Carry out the task. No persona was designed for Verify goal attainment because assistance was seldom provided for this operation. Stimulate the thought process and clarification of instructions were the categories of assistance most frequently identified overall. Each persona is illustrated with examples of assistance. Stimulate the thought process was the category of assistance most frequently provided for goal formulation and plan, and motivational assistance for carry out the task. We defined several design recommendations to support the design of assistive technologies for cognition for older adults on the dementia continuum, including 1) stimulate the person to reason and act by themselves first; 2) design context-aware assistive technologies; 3) consider “goal formulation” and “plan” executive operation dysfunctions; 4) personalize assistive technologies to the specific needs of each individual; 5) do not rely only on personas to take individual needs into account. Personas created from real situations can serve as a tool to better understand the assistance this population requires in order to develop assistive technologies for cognition.
Efficacy of ground herb-based and essential oil-based phytobiotics on the intestinal health and performance of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli
Authors: Garavito-Duarte Yesid , Duarte Marcos Elias , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using ground herb-based phytobiotics and essential oil-based phytobiotics in pig diets on intestinal health and growth performance (GP) of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty nursery pigs (6.4 ± 0.1 kg) at 21 d of age were individually housed and assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, with body weight (BW) and sex as blocking factor. Basal diets were fed to pigs for 28 d in 3 phases. Treatments were NC: basal diet, non-challenged; PC: basal diet, challenged with F18+ E. coli; HP: PC + 1% ground herb-based phytobiotics (Salcochek Pro, Ayurvet Limited, Kaushambi, India); EP: PC + 1% essential oil-based phytobiotics (Liq-biotic, Ayurvet Limited, Kaushambi, India). The GP was recorded for each phase and fecal score (FS) was measured daily. On d 7 post-weaning, the challenged groups were orally inoculated with F18+ E. coli (2.0 × 1010 CFU), the NC treatment received sterile saline solution. On d 28, pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal samples to evaluate intestinal health and relative abundance (RA) of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure on SAS 9.4. The PC increased (P &lt; 0.05) the RA of Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae when compared to NC. The HP reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the RA of Veillonellaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Lachnospiraceae when compared to PC. The EP tended to reduce the RA of Streptococcaceae (P = 0.073) and Corynebacteriaceae (P = 0.074) when compared to PC. The PC increased (P &lt; 0.05) occludin and tended to increase (P = 0.096) toll like-receptor-4 (TLR4) when compared to NC. The PC decreased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to NC in d 7 to d 28. The PC increased FS (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the HP and EP d 7 to d 11. The HP and EP decreased (P &lt; 0.05) FS when compared to PC during d 7 to d 11 and d 7 to d 18. In conclusion, F18+ E. coli challenge disrupted the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, increased TLR4 expression and FS, consequently reduced GP. Both HP and EP phytobiotics supported intestinal morphology during the challenge to F18+ E. coli by supporting enterocyte maturation. The HP and EP treatments exhibited antimicrobial-like effects by altering the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and reduced FS during the first two weeks post-challenge. The HP treatment showed potential antioxidant effects.
Prolactin and Heat Stress; focus on Domestic Ruminants
Authors: Clarke Iain J , Dunshea Frank R , Chauhan Surinder S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prolactin has traditionally been associated with milk production, but recent studies identify prolactin as having many other functions. These include a role in pelage growth, sweating, immune function, metabolism and water/electrolyte balance. A signature of HS is a rise in prolactin concentrations so the question arises as to whether this hormone has a particular function in relation to response to or mitigation of HS. Thus, prolactin plays a multifaceted role in the physiological and behavioral responses of livestock to HS, contributing to their ability to cope with warmer temperatures and maintain homeostasis. A major advance in recent years is the identification of the SLICK gene in cattle, being a mutation in the prolactin receptor. It is responsible for a phenotype of short, shiny coat. SLICK confers heat resilience and offers a realistic means of mitigating HS by introgression into cattle without the mutation. The purpose of this article is to ascertain what functions prolactin may have in the response to HS. It appears that prolactin may be involved in many of the physiological processes that are affected by HS, but it is clear that definitive evidence of cause/effect are yet to be discerned.
Evaluating trapping methods to increase earwig capture in temperate tree fruit crops
Authors: Hanel Aldo , Nottingham Louis B , Orpet Robert J , Hilton Richard , Northfield Tobin D , Schmidt-Jeffris Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (sensu lato), has a dual role in temperate tree fruit crops—a pest of stone fruit and a predator of key pests in pome fruit. Some growers trap earwigs in crops where they are pests, subsequently releasing them in pome fruit as an augmentative biological control strategy. Effective earwig monitoring and trapping are critical for understanding their biological control potential in orchards. Traps made of rolled, corrugated cardboard have long been used for earwig monitoring; however, no standardized studies have investigated improvements to them. In a series of trials, we explore options to improve traps by testing different trap materials, sizes, positioning on the tree, and time in the field, in addition to the lures and baits. We found that cardboard traps had higher earwig catch than black or translucent plastic traps. There were diminishing returns in earwig capture for increased trap length, plateauing at ~30 cm. Traps placed on the main trunk captured more earwigs than traps on the base or near the end of branches. Lures and baits mostly did not increase trap efficacy, except fish sauce which inconsistently increased earwig captures. The use of plastic bottles to contain the cardboard traps greatly reduced trap catch. Finally, we found evidence that traps left in the field for longer periods of time can increase earwig capture, possibly due to the accumulation of earwig aggregation pheromone. Overall, the standard unbaited corrugated cardboard trap was the most effective and practical earwig monitoring trap.
Genetic structure of the northern house mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) in a WNV-susceptible area
Authors: Alvial Ingrid E , Rojas‑Hernández Noemi , Guerra Nicolas , Véliz David , González Christian R , Pérez Laura M , Benítez Hugo A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mosquitoes from the Culex pipiens complex are found worldwide and have been the focus of numerous studies due to their role as vectors of human pathogens. We investigated the population genetic structure of Cx. pipiens s.l. by analyzing SNPs and the COI gene, focusing on the genetic grouping signals of the ecotypes pipiens and molestus. Our analysis revealed no genetic association between the ecotypes and the SNPs, suggesting that the classification is based on ecological traits rather than genetic factors. Using data from 2,641 SNPs and 164 genotypes, our Bayesian clustering analysis categorized the populations into six distinct genetic groups, distinguishing the Rapa Nui island population from those on the American mainland. The estimated effective migration rates (EEMR) showed low levels of migration between island and continental populations, with significant migration occurring only among populations between 29° S and 33° S. Genetic differentiation between Rapa Nui island and the American continent was observed. In contrast, no significant differentiation was noted in other regions. The haplotype network suggests a possible migration pathway from that area of the South Pacific. Additionally, demographic history analysis indicates a relatively recent founder effect of Cx. pipiens s.l. on the island. Geographic isolation and variations in genetic makeup can limit the spread of pathogens regionally and globally. However, these same factors can also promote specialization and enhance adaptation to new ecological niches, thereby improving the ability of pathogens to function as effective vectors in isolated environments.
A polarized multicomponent foundation upholds ciliary central microtubules
Authors: Chen Qingxia , Zhao Huijie , Pan Xinwen , Fang Chuyu , Qiu Benhua , Guo Jingting , Yan Xiumin , Zhu Xueliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cilia's back-and-forth beat pattern requires a central pair (CP) of microtubules. However, the mechanism by which the CP is upheld above the transition zone (TZ) remains unclear. Here, we showed that a rod-like substructure marked by Cep131 and ciliary Centrin serves as a polarized CP-supporting foundation. This CP-foundation (CPF) was assembled independently of the CP during ciliogenesis in mouse ependymal cells. It protruded from the distal end of the basal body out of the TZ to enwrap the proximal end of the CP. Through proximity labeling, we identified 26 potential CPF components, among which Ccdc148 specifically localized at the proximal region of Centrin-decorated CPF and was complementary to the Cep131-enriched distal region. Cep131 deficiency abolished the CPF, resulting in CP penetration into the TZ. Consequently, cilia became prone to ultrastructural abnormality and paralysis, and Cep131-deficient mice were susceptible to late-onset hydrocephalus. In addition to Centrin, phylogenetic analysis also indicated conservations of Ccdc131 and Ccdc148 from protists to mammals, suggesting that the CPF is an evolutionarily conserved multicomponent CP-supporting platform in cilia.
Perioperative Medicine
Authors: Richman Deborah C. , Pulley Debra D. , Oprea Adriana D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Perioperative Medicine: A Problem-Based Learning Approach provides a unique learning opportunity for the busy perioperative clinician who wants to read how others approach a case and for clinicians in training who need to learn the basics. Each chapter starts with a stem case, followed by a comprehensive, up-to-date discussion on the topic to make evidence-based decisions, and multiple choice questions for self-assessment.
The subject matter covered within the forty-eight chapter book has been chosen to cover a broad array of conundrums encountered in clinical perioperative medicine. A majority of the chapters focus on preoperative optimization of patients with different comorbidities, such as, coronary artery disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, substance use disorder, and anemia. Choosing preoperative tests and medication management are also discussed. There is a section on immediate postoperative complications such as confusion and arrhythmia.
Highlighted is a section on ethical issues. Not as straight-forward as optimization or treatment of diseases, these topics address aspects of care that are more patient-centered such as informed consent, DNR, or how to discuss uncomfortable topics with a patient. Since all practices are different, there is a chapter on different models of the preoperative process and a discussion of continuity of care across the perioperative period.
Overall, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of topics commonly presenting in daily practice.
My 79-Year-Old Patient for Right Inguinal Hernia Repair Has No Labs on File
Authors: Ackermann Wiebke , Rogers Barbara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgeries performed. This type of hernia may cause pain, discomfort, and decreased quality of life. As the population in general is aging, more elderly people are seeking elective repair of these hernias. There are concerns about which surgery and anesthesia techniques are best for an older patient, as well as which preoperative testing is appropriate in light of this population’s increased chance of comorbidities. This chapter reviews the signs and symptoms of inguinal hernia, the various options for corrective procedures, the contraindications for surgery, the preoperative testing required, and the perioperative evaluation and care.
COVID-19
Authors: Fong Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While hospitals have largely adapted their processes to safely resume operations and surgical volumes in many healthcare systems have returned to pre-pandemic levels, increasing numbers of surgical candidates who are either newly infected with or have had a history of COVID-19 infection present a new challenge to the field of perioperative medicine. It has been well documented that undergoing surgery in the context of active infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a risky proposition, with significantly increased perioperative morbidity and mortality, as well as engendering risk of exposure to perioperative providers and staff. Additionally, many in the recovery phase of COVID-19 illness have been shown to have lasting effects and disability months after initial infection, with potential implications for long-term perioperative risk. This chapter reviews the assessment of perioperative risk in both acute and convalescent phases of COVID-19 infection, surgical timing, preoperative assessment, and intraoperative management of actively infected patients.
Patient Has Seizures and Needs “Clearance”
Authors: Kang Ramanjot S. , Mathew Ashley , Avraham Shirley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Patients with neurological and seizure disorders pose a particular challenge to perioperative management. In the anesthetic management of these patients, perioperative evaluation plays an important role. In patients with seizure disorder undergoing surgical procedures under anesthesia, there may be increased frequency of seizures in the perioperative period, which may be attributed to missed antiepileptic drug (AED) doses, epileptogenic anesthetic agents, hypoxia, metabolic derangement, or poor drug absorption due to postoperative ileus. Additional concerns for the anesthesiologist in the management of patients with epilepsy are the side effects of AEDs, AED interaction with anesthetics, the potential of anesthetics to modulate seizure activity, and the presence of concomitant medical problems associated with epilepsy, such as nutritional deficiencies, cardiorespiratory deficits, and occult learning disabilities.
Restrictive Lung Disease from Parkinson’s Disease Rigidity
Authors: Rao Shilpa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder chiefly involving the central nervous system. Although the exact etiology is unknown, it is postulated that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of PD. It is caused by a progressive deficit of dopamine-producing cells of the substantia nigra causing an imbalance between acetylcholine and dopamine. Signs and symptoms include a variable combination of bradykinesia, masked facies, resting tremor, rigidity, sleep problems, and depression. Restrictive lung disease may be seen in a few patients with PD. Medical treatment involves optimizing and/or replacing dopamine levels through various therapeutic agents.
Avoiding Exacerbation of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Xue Emily Y. , Moore David , Arriaga Alexander F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) afflicts millions of patients in the United States and has a high association with other chronic conditions. It can range from asymptomatic and well-controlled to life-threatening. Patients with CKD require effective outpatient care to prevent disease progression and manage comorbid conditions. Likewise, management of perioperative patients with this disease requires careful consideration and a tailored anesthetic plan. Surgical patients are at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), and techniques should be employed to minimize this risk. CKD contributes to a multitude of other perioperative risks affecting multiple organ systems. Medical optimization and careful preoperative evaluation of their comorbidities allow the anesthesiologist to most effectively manage these patients intraoperatively.
Older Primigravida with Twin Pregnancy for Elective Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Jin Evan , Kumaraswami Sangeeta , Weber Garret 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The perioperative management of a woman with advanced maternal age and twin pregnancy who is scheduled for an elective cesarean delivery can prove to be very complex. The presentation may include preexisting conditions like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and substance use disorder. Furthermore, pregnancy-specific conditions including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and placental abnormalities indicative of placenta accreta spectrum disorder may arise, and management may prove to be extremely challenging. The patient may refuse blood products, and the clinician may encounter racial and ethnic disparities which could impact the patient’s perianesthetic care. Although all these issues are unlikely to occur in a single patient, it is important to be prepared for them, starting with the preoperative assessment and continuing through the postoperative course.
Minimally Invasive Surgery and Other Elements of Enhanced Recovery Protocols
Authors: Bennici Lesley , Factor Morgane , Singh Sunitha M. , Costa Ana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Robotic surgeries present specific challenges to the anesthesia team. Included in these challenges are positioning issues, lack of access to the patient, and intraperitoneal insufflation with carbon dioxide. Robotic hysterectomies necessitate lithotomy and steep Trendelenburg positioning, which could lead to mechanical ventilation problems, potential nerve injuries, and hemodynamic instability. Many patients who undergo robotic hysterectomies are at a higher risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and considerations should be made to minimize this risk. In addition, some patients undergoing a robotic hysterectomy are discharged home the day of surgery. Therefore, the anesthesiology team should apply enhanced recovery after surgery principles to maximize analgesia and minimize any potential complications postoperatively.
Life on the wards
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Brown Fraser , Howarth Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses life on the wards. It covers interactions with the medical and multidisciplinary teams, ward rounds, and anatomical terms and planes. The chapter moves on to include discussion of medical forms such as fitness to work notes and referrals, common issues that may come up when working on the wards. Being on-call and night shifts are discussed. Finally, the chapter covers surgery, including pre-op and post-op assessments, surgical terminology, wound management, and stomas.
Emergency department
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Brown Fraser , Howarth Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter sets out what Foundation doctors can expect from working in the emergency department. It includes discussion of emergency procedures when it comes to acute limb pain, burns, anaphylaxis in adults, hypotension, and overdose. The chapter also covers trauma, head injury, neck injury, falls and collapse, acute limb pain, burns, hypotension (systolic blood pressure &lt;100mmHg), hypotension emergency, shock, pyrexia, overdose and deliberate self-harm, and emergencies in obstetrics and gynaecology.
Application of Stem Cells to Understanding Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Birtele Marcella , Quadrato Giorgia , Brennand Kristen J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although much has been learned through clinical postmortem and neuroimaging studies of patients and/or animal models of autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, these classical approaches have yet to fully elucidate the interaction of complex genetic risk factors on disorder predisposition. The derivation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients with psychiatric disorders permits the study of the full complement of risk variants (known and unknown) that underlie disease predisposition, precisely in the cell types relevant to disease. A better mechanistic understanding of mental illness will not only enable the development of new therapeutic approaches but also help affirm that these disorders are the consequence of specific neural pathology and dysregulation of discrete neural processes. This chapter discusses work to date regarding the advancements in the use of hiPSCs to model psychiatric disorders.
Positron Emission Tomography Brain Imaging Methodologies
Authors: Hillmer Ansel T. , Cosgrove Kelly P. , Carson Richard E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging provides a powerful noninvasive tool for quantitative and pharmacologically specific clinical research. PET imaging provides quantitative measurements of pharmacologically specific phenomena including blood flow, glucose metabolism, synaptic density, receptor–ligand binding phenomena, neurotransmitter synthesis, transporters, and other enzymatic processes in living people. This chapter describes basic methodological considerations for PET brain imaging studies. First, the physiological interpretation of common outcome measures of binding potential (BPND) and volume of distribution (VT) are described. Next, aspects of acquisition of PET imaging data and blood measurements for analysis are discussed, followed by a summary of standard data analysis techniques. Finally, various applications for the study of mental illness, including group differences, measurements of drug occupancy, and assay of acute neurotransmitter release, are discussed.