bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiobesity effect of healthy food crops and functional foods: A systematic review of their mechanisms
Authors: Oladimeji Beatrice Mofoluwaso , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiet is a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and management of obesity, and various foods have the potential to aid in obesity management by modulating different pathways involved in the disease's pathology. We performed a systematic review of literature, using CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar, focusing on the antiobesity potential of foods crops and functional food products, and their mechanisms of action and clinical evidence. Sixty‐four articles were identified, of which 41 investigated food crops, while 23 investigated functional products. Food crops, such as cereals, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, seaweeds, legumes, herbs, spices, and cocoa seeds, have antiobesity effects through mechanisms such as altering the metabolism of glucolipids by inhibiting enzymes like α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, stimulating the bioenergetics of thermogenic fat, modulating gut microbiota, and inhibiting lipogenesis and storage. In addition, developed functional teas, beverages, and yoghurt have antiobesity effects through similar or different mechanisms, such as enhancing energy expenditure and satiety, suppressing adipogenesis and lipolysis, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and altering hormonal secretion. This review reemphasized the significance of food in the control of obesity, and highlights the distinct methods these explored foods exert their antiobesity effects. In conclusion, foods are safe and effective means of combating obesity without the side effects of conventional drugs, which can help inform dietary choices, assist professionals in providing more accurate advice, and also lead to better understanding of food and its effect on overall health of the public. This approach will eradicate global diseases, especially if more underutilized and indigenous food crops are extensively researched.
Nonreassuring fetal status during labor and offspring's childhood neurodevelopment at 3 years of age: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Yasuda Shun , Imaizumi Karin , Isogami Hirotaka , Fukuda Toma , Yamaguchi Akiko , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Fujimori Keiya , Nishigori Hidekazu ,   The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough prior attempts have failed to identify the beneficial effects of intensive fetal monitoring on cerebral palsy, the association between nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) during labor and the incidence of long‐term neurodevelopmental delays in offspring remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this association using a nationwide birth cohort.MethodsData from 72 869 women with singleton deliveries at and after 37 weeks of gestation from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (2011–2014) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the odds ratios (ORs) for neurodevelopmental delays using the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (Third Edition) in offspring aged 3 years.ResultsThe adjusted ORs for personal–social problems were 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.16) for offspring delivered vaginally by nulliparous mothers and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.05–2.18) (for males, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.15–2.50]) for those delivered via cesarean section. No significant changes in adjusted ORs for neurodevelopmental delays were observed among participants without neonatal Apgar scores (ASs) <7 and without umbilical arterial pH (UmA‐pH) <7.20.ConclusionNRFS during labor was associated with an increased incidence of personal–social problems in offspring aged 3 years. However, this association was not confirmed after excluding participants with neonatal ASs <7 and UmA‐pH <7.20. The association between NRFS and offspring's neurodevelopmental delays might vary based on delivery settings, offspring sex, and short‐term neonatal outcomes.
Market power in smart farming and the distribution of gains in two‐stage crop production system
Authors: Awada Lana , Phillips Peter W. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn smart farming, agricultural technology providers (ATPs) wield market power in both the upstream (data collection/aggregation) and downstream (crop production) markets. Using a two‐stage Muth model, this study assesses benefit distribution from ATPs' data‐driven services in smart farming. Results show limited farmer returns from data sharing, questioning policymakers' data value focus. While data‐driven services offer notable benefits, ATPs capture a significant share due to market power. Addressing ATP market power promotes equitable rent distribution, but perfect competition risks ATPs' sustainability and R&D incentives, presenting a policy challenge for smart farming outcomes.
Alcohol consumption in developing countries: Does information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion matter?
Authors: Song Jacques Simon , Mougnol A Ekoula Hervé William , Ngnouwal Eloundou Georges 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has generated a rich literature. In this paper, we examine the effect of ICT use on alcohol consumption in a sample of 120 developing countries. To do so, we specify and estimate a panel data model first by pooled ordinary least squares (POLS) and second by feasible generalised least squares (F‐GLS) over the period 2000–2020. The robustness of the results is tested by using the system generalised method of moments (S‐GMM), taking into account regional specificities and cultural variables. The main result reveals that ICT use significantly reduces alcohol consumption. However, the effects of ICTs are mediated by economic, political and institutional governance. We suggest qualitative improvements in technological infrastructure for continued mitigation of alcohol consumption in developing countries.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy for Vestibular Schwannoma in NF2‐Related Schwannomatosis
Authors: Shrivastava Manu , Emmanouil Beatrice , Mathew Rajeev , Halliday Dorothy , Parry Allyson , Halliday Jane , Mackeith Samuel 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the long‐term control rates and hearing outcomes for growing vestibular schwannoma in NF2‐related schwannomatosis (NF2) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated radiotherapy (FRT).MethodsRetrospective review of all patients treated with SRS/FRT between 1986 and2021 from a tertiary NF2 unit. Overall tumor control was defined as: (1) growth control (growth failure was defined as growth in any dimension of 3 millimetres or more from baseline post‐SRS/FRT), and (2) treatment control (no need for further intervention). Loss of serviceable hearing was defined as a drop in speech discrimination score below 50% after SRS/FRT.ResultsThere were 81 cases, with a mean duration of follow‐up of 125 months. Overall control rate was 72% (58/81), with 80% (65/81) growth control and 74% (60/81) treatment control. There was a 5‐year actuarial survival of 77% and 10‐year survival of 71%. Forty‐three percent (30/69) of cases did not have serviceable hearing at baseline. Of those remaining, 49% (19/39) preserved serviceable hearing during follow‐up at a mean of 106 months. Actuarial survival for preservation of serviceable hearing at 5 and 10 years was 69% and 53%. There were poorer outcomes with increasing genetic severity, and with baseline tumor size >3 cm. No cases of SRS/FRT‐related malignancy were identified at a mean follow‐up of 10 years.ConclusionStereotactic radiosurgery/fractionated radiotherapy are an effective option to treat growing vestibular schwannoma in patients with NF2 with the potential for hearing preservation in a proportion of patients.Level of Evidence4—Case Series Laryngoscope, 134:2364–2371, 2024
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Triplet State Excitons for High‐Performance Organic Photodetectors: A Novel Strategy
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Ahsan , Weng Xiaoliang , Kang Chenxu , Arif Nayab , Wu Kewen , Tang Wei , Dai Sichao , Fang Xueqian , Cai Houzhi , Zeng Yu‐Jia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotoinduced charge‐trapping is a promising strategy for boosting the photosensitivity of organic photodetectors at the expense of their response time. In addition, they have a low carrier extraction yield due to the formation of low‐energy triplet excitons through the recombination of a photogenerated hole–electron pair. Materials with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) exhibit a long‐lived (≈µs) excited spin‐triplet nearly iso‐energetically aligned with that of an excited spin‐singlet, which results in suppressed exciton losses and is widely used in organic light‐emitting diodes. The extraction and population of triplet state excitons in TADFs is a sought‐after but underexplored aspect of photoinduced gating in photodetectors. A 1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)4,6‐Dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) TADF blend with a high‐mobility Poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene] (PBTTT‐C14) polymer via bulk type‐II offset can increase free carrier extraction yield (fast response) and retain trapped electrons in TADF triplet states (high gain). The PBTTT‐C14/4CzIPN ultraviolet photodetector device maintains a trade‐off between high photogain (≈103) and fast response time (79 ms) at 300 nm while operating at a shallow dark current (≈pA). Furthermore, the device shows high external quantum efficiency (≈104 %) and detectivity (≈1011 Jones) for low light power (<pW). The innovative application of TADF material can lead to exciting new developments in organic‐based high‐performance photodetection.
Effect of Novel Compound Redox Initiators on Polymerization Mechanism and Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Resin
Authors: Zhu Kang , Li Yong , Huan Dajun , Liu Hao , Li Ziyi , Jin Yue , Zhu Chunling 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAiming at the problems of long reaction time and the risk of explosion polymerization of acrylate resin, a small amount of ferrocene (Fc) is added to the existing dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)/N,N‐dimethylaniline (DMA) initiators, and the compound redox initiators (BPO/DMA/ (Fc)) are proposed for acrylate resin polymerization at room temperature. The effect of the content of Fc in the resin on the reaction efficiency and the molding quality of products is researched, and the initiation mechanism of the compound redox initiators is analyzed. It is found that with the addition of Fc, the reaction time of the resin can be shortened by 68% at maximum, the heat release temperature of the resin can be reduced by 40% at maximum, the molecular weight of the reaction products can be increased by 74% at maximum, the tensile and bending properties of the resin castings are increased by 23% and 35% at maximum, respectively, and the bending strength and bending modulus are increased by 57% and 27% at maximum, respectively. The compound redox initiators proposed in this paper can improve the molding efficiency and quality of the product, lay a foundation for the application of acrylic resin in the field of pultrusion molding, perfusion molding, and other in situ molding of thermoplastic composites.
Propagation of P‐SV waves radiated by explosive columns in jointed rock masses
Authors: Wei Haixia , Wang Chengzhi , Zhu Jie , Chu Huaibao , Chen Shihai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhen an explosive column initiates, it will radiate P‐SV waves. The propagation of P‐SV waves, which carry the majority of the explosion energy, is extremely complex in jointed rock masses. Therefore, studying the propagation of blasting stress waves in jointed rock masses is of great significance for optimizing the parameters of the blastholes and improving the economy and safety of geotechnical engineering construction. In this study, an analytical model of the propagation of P‐SV waves radiated by explosive columns in jointed rock masses is derived. Using this analytical model, the maximum displacement distribution in jointed rock masses with the free surface is analyzed, and the results show: (1) when the stress waves propagate to the free surface, the reflected waves will be generated, which will produce the remarkable superposition effect with the direct waves, while the superposition effect will affect the maximum displacements at the measuring points significantly; (2) the amplitude of transmitted waves generated from the stress waves that propagate through the rock joints is smaller than that of direct waves, thus the maximum displacements at the measuring points are affected by the rock joints within a certain range; (3) the velocity of detonation (VOD) and the length of the explosive column can affect the superposition effect of stress waves, ultimately impacting the maximum displacement distribution in jointed rock masses. Therefore, optimizing the parameters of the blastholes reasonably to achieve the optimal superposition of stress waves is of great significance for improving the construction efficiency of geotechnical engineering.
Gentrification and childhood obesity: Evidence from New York City public school students in public housing
Authors: Zhou Eric G. , Schwartz Amy Ellen , Elbel Brian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study objective was to determine the effect of gentrification on the weight outcomes of New York City public school students living in public housing.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 19,022 New York City public school students in public housing followed during 2009–2017, weight outcomes of students living in public housing buildings in gentrified neighborhoods were compared to those living in consistently low‐socioeconomic‐status neighborhoods; assignment was quasi‐random in each borough.ResultsAmong the 42,182 student‐year observations, gentrification did not increase weight outcomes significantly, for BMI z scores (0.037; 95% CI: −0.012 to 0.086), obesity (0.6 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI: −0.9 to 2.1), or overweight (1.3 pp; 95% CI: −0.7 to 3.2). However, heterogeneous effects by borough were found, where the gentrification in Manhattan increased students' BMI z scores by 0.19 (95% CI: 0.09–0.29), obesity by 3.4 pp (95% CI: 0.03–6.5), and overweight by 9.2 pp (95% CI: 6.3–12.1). No heterogeneity by race and ethnicity, gender, or age was found.ConclusionsWith strong internal validity, this study shows that neighborhood gentrification differentially influenced children's health through obesity, based on borough of residence. Such findings could inform policies or interventions focused on subpopulations and geographies.
Substantial improvement of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of polymer composites by incorporation of boron nitride nanosheets and modulation of thermal curing reaction
Authors: He Liang , Zhang Wanru , Liu Xiaobo , Tong Lifen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThermal conductive polymer‐based composites synchronously with stable dielectric and excellent mechanical properties are urgently needed for high‐temperature‐resistant electronic devices. Here, a significant improvement in the thermal conductivity (TC), thermal stability, dielectric, and mechanical performance was simultaneously achieved in the polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN)/divinyl siloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB) matrix through the incorporation of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) combined together with the post‐solid phase chemical reaction technique. The significant increase in the effective filler‐filler and filler‐crystal contacts in the composites was the main reason for the improvement in TC and dielectric constant. Besides, glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanicals were enhanced in the presence of cross‐linked networks. By synchronously adding 15 vol% BNNS, the TC of composites after treatment reached up to 5.582 W/m.K, enhanced by 4.4 times higher than untreated. The dielectric constant was down to 2.93 at 1 MHz and the loss remained at a relatively low level. Meanwhile, the composite showed significantly enhanced thermal stability, mechanicals, and hydrophobicity (Tg = 336°C, T5% = 529°C, tensile strength and modulus was 94.5 MPa and 5.3 GPa, respectively, the contact angle was 101.76°). Thus, it promotes an effective strategy for fabricating a high‐performance‐polymer composite, which has the potential used in electronic materials.Highlights
Crystallization‐crosslinking strategy optimizes overall performance.
Crystals fill gaps between BNNS layers and connect thermal conductive pathway.
Crosslinked networks limit molecular chain motion to reduce phonon scattering.
The highest TC of the PEN/BCB/BNNS composite is up to 7.451 W/m.K.
Thermal property shows significant improvement after crosslinking especially Tg.
Synthesis and modification of poly (p‐phenylene terephthalamide) for production of light‐weight hybrid composite armors reinforced with polymer composite nanofiber mats
Authors: Güldiken Çağla Gül , Gerçel Hasan Ferdi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPoly (p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) polymer was synthesized and then modified to eliminate the processing difficulties arising from its insolubility in organic solvents. The chemical structures of the synthesized PPTA and N‐butyl PPTA (BPPTA) were confirmed by elemental analysis, x‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy studies. As a result of modification, an aramid derivative that is soluble in some common solvents was obtained and added into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix in solution. PAN/BPPTA composite nanofiber mats (CNMs) were fabricated by electrospinning. Mechanical tests showed that tensile strength increased by 119% with 3% BPPTA content. The fabricated CNMs were combined with aramid fabrics to produce laminated hybrid armors and ballistic tests were performed following the NATO Stanag 2920 standard. This is the first report about the integration of CNMs into multilayer armor configurations and resulted in improved ballistic limit velocity (V50) with a relatively very small weight gain and emergence of new energy absorption mechanisms.Highlights
Alkylation of the para‐aramid yielded an organo‐soluble aramid derivative.
Tensile strength of PAN nanofiber mat increased by 119% with 3% N‐butyl PPTA.
Integration of the CNMs resulted in new ballistic impact absorption mechanisms.
CNMs contribute to V50 with a very low mass gain due to their high surface area/mass.
Recyclable and shape‐memory hydantoin epoxy resins based on dynamic ester‐exchanged bonds
Authors: Xing Wenjing , Li Ling , Wang Yao , Guo Jiajia , Cao Wei , Lei Shiyu , Liu Xiangyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe permanent crosslinked network imparts chemical and mechanical stability to crosslinked elastomers, making their recycling a serious environmental issue. The decomposition products of pentaaryl diazoxide in the structure of hydantoin epoxy resin are nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and it is an environmentally friendly resin material. Here, we demonstrate a reversible covalent bonding reaction catalyzed by Zn2+ between the ester bond formed by the hydantoin epoxy resin and the acid anhydride, and construct a reversible crosslinked network structure of the environmentally friendly acid anhydride/hydantoin epoxy resin material. The strength, hardness and toughness of the cured material are greatly improved by optimizing its ratio. The ester exchange bonding can be reversible with temperature, which leads to the shape memory capability of the synthesized cured material. The cured product of HMY1 was recovered with ethylene glycol and completely dissolved at 180°C for 11 h. Ethylene glycol was volatilized at 190°C to obtain decomposed epoxy oligomer (DEO), which was added to the HMY1 resin system (the amount of DEO was 30 wt% of the total mass of the resin), and the network structure was cross‐linked to enable it to be recovered and remanufactured. Thus, this work provides a new avenue for the environmentally friendly development of recyclable, reconfigurable, and thermally adaptable shape‐memory hydantoin epoxy materials.Highlights
Hydantoin epoxy resin eventually breaks down into non‐toxic CO2 and N2.
Hydantoin epoxy and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride form a reversible dynamic chemical bond catalyzed by Zn2+.
Ethylene glycol can recover and reuse the solidified product.
Swelling of star polymer thin films exposed to supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Caglayan Ayse , Satija Sushil K. , Uhrig David , Hong Kunlun , Koga Tadanori , Akgun Bulent 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImpact of polymer chain architecture on the swelling of supported single‐layer polymer thin films with thicknesses below 80 nm in the presence of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is investigated using in‐situ neutron reflectivity (NR) and ex‐situ x‐ray reflectivity (XR). 4‐arm star and 8‐arm star deuterated polystyrene (dPS) having similar total molecular weights are used. NR results revealed that the magnitude of the swelling for star polymers increases proportionally with decreasing dry film thicknesses similar to linear polymers. For film thicknesses above 5Rg, architectural differences have no impact on the swelling behavior. However, below 5Rg as the branching increases from linear to 4‐arm star and to 8‐arm star, swelling decreases due to the presence of a relatively thicker adsorbed layer formed by more branched architectures. Ex‐situ XR measurements verified that star architectures swell less than linear architecture and provided new information about the vitrification of the films through rapid quenching and its relation to the amount of CO2 retention.
Modeling and control of vascular dementia disease by exact dosing of medicines
Authors: Vidhyaa C. B. , Vishnu Anirudh P. D. , Panda Bidisha , Sobana S. , Panda Rames C. , Laskar Jakir Hossain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's and vascular dementia (VD) is the most common neurodegenerative syndromes so the patients lead to loss of memory, a cerebral and behavioral malfunction which may be diagnosed by the presence of two types of neuropathological characteristics such as extracellular plaques consisting of amyloid‐β‐peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated‐tau‐proteins. Accumulation of these components in the brain needs prediction using models, an alternate tool of experimentation. Mathematical models representing neuroanatomical with pathophysiological characteristics are formulated using continuity balances of bio‐materials to encompass vascular‐cognitive‐impairment. The partial/ordinary differential mathematical model of VD has been simulated in this work and has been used to synthesize control schemes for the prevention of the disease. The non‐linear model has been implemented for prediction‐based automatic control of VD (in virtual mode) with four manipulated physical variables of the patient, concentrations of intracellular amyloid‐beta, tau‐proteins, and microglia; where the virtual controller considers medicinal doses (using virtual nanodosing pumps) to maintain the concentrations of extracellular amyloid‐β‐peptides and neuronal dead‐cells by regulating the oxygen level of the brain within the prescribed level in the clinic. A comparison of performances between the model‐based‐predictive controller (MPC) and PI controllers shows that the former controller is better. Wireless monitoring of amyloid‐beta and tau‐protein from Cerebro‐fluids can be used to design MPC for automatic nanodosing of medicines to prevent dementia. These strategies can be commercially exploited for pharmacological involvement and useful for society to prevent dementia and later Alzheimer's.