bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jazz and Pop
Authors: Collier James Lincoln 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the problems that confronts the art historian and the aesthetician is determining what should and what should not be included under the rubric of any particular art form. Should we treat the Viennese waltz as serious music? What about the vast nudes drawn from classical mythology of Bouguereau and Cabanel, so admired by the Victorians, which we now see only as the established art the Impressionists were in reaction to? Literary critics agree that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterpiece; but what about The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which uses many of the same characters in the same setting? The problem has particularly bedeviled jazz. Almost from the beginning, critics, musicians, and fans were arguing over what should and should not be classified as jazz.
The Critics
Authors: Collier James Lincoln 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Criticism has a long history. Its practitioners include some of the most imposing names in arts and letters, from Plato to George Bernard Shaw, from DaVinci to Ezra Pound. Yet, despite the fame of some workers in this field, the craft has always been somewhat suspect. What, really, does the critic contribute? Who elected him to his office? What business does he have to tell artists, who are presumed to be able to do something the critic cannot, how to achieve their efforts, and indeed what effects they ought to achieve? It has seemed to a good many working artists-if we must use that dreadful term-that the primary function of criticism is to assert the superiority of the critic over the artist. That, certainly, was the case with the deconstructionists, who managed blandly to assert that the writer had no idea what his work meant, and it was up to the critic to explain it to him. 1 Given how
Local Jazz
Authors: Collier James Lincoln 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have been saving for last the discussion of a phenomenon in jazz that is little remarked, but that may be more important to the vitality of the music than other aspects I have talked about. It is, in any case, one of the happiest ones. That is what might be called the “local” jazz scene. Jazz criticism and jazz history have always concentrated on the big names, the stars, and the famous clubs and dance halls where they worked. In fact, jazz history is usually written around a chain of major figures Oliver, to Armstrong, to Beiderbecke, to Ellington, to Goodman, to Parker, to Davis, to Coltrane, to Coleman-to the point where it might appear to the outsider that these great players were jazz history.
The Distribution of the Effects of Compliance
Authors: Murphy Liam B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The compliance condition is most plausible. I have said. if it is understood as the second part of a joint answer to our two questions about agent-neutral principles and responsibility. The answer to the first question was that agent-neutral principles should dis­ tribute responsibility under full compliance in a fair manner. And a fair distribution of responsibility. I said. is one that yields a fair distribution of compliance effects. If we add to this first answer an assumption that plausible agent-neutral principles do distribute compliance effects fairly under full compliance. the compliance condition can be seen as a very plausible answer to our second question—that of how agent-neutral principles should impose responsibility on agents under partial compliance. For if an agent’s responsibility under full compliance is allocated on some fair basis, it is natural to insist that her responsibility not increase to her detriment just because other people will fail to meet their fairly allocated responsibilities. Fulfillment of her partial-compliance responsibility should not leave her with a worse compliance effect than she would enjoy if she fulfilled her fairly allocated responsibility under full compliance.
Akratic Action: Some Theoretical Difficulties
Authors: Mele Alfred R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The earliest detailed philosophical treatment of akrasia or weakness of will is found in Plato’s Protagoras, where Socrates defends the thesis (352aff.) that ‘no one willingly does wrong.‘The notion of akrasia finds expression earlier, however, in Greek literature (e.g., in Euripides’ ‘Hippolytus,380ff.,1 and in his ‘Medea,’ l078ff.). Homer, much earlier yet, makes it painfully evident how hunger and greed can pull reason from her throne, but he does not leave his audience feeling that reason is a slave of the appetites and passions. Odysseus’s having himself lashed to the mast in order that he may safely hear the Sirens’ song shows what a little foresight can do (Odyssey, Bk. 12).
Being Interdisciplinary Is So Very Hard To Do
Authors: Fish Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interdisciplinary has long been a familiar word in discussions of education and pedagogy, but recently it has acquired a new force and urgency, in part because as an agenda interdisciplinarity seems to flow naturally from the imperatives of left culturalist theory, that is, from deconstruction, Marxism, feminism, the radical version of neopragmatism, and the new historicism. Each of these movements, of course, should be distinguished from the others in many respects, but it is fair to say that they are alike all hostile to the current arrangement of things as represented by ( l) the social structures by means of which the lines of political authority are maintained and (2) the institutional structures by means of which the various academic disciplines establish and extend their territorial claims. Often this hostility takes the form of antiprofessionalism, an indictment of the narrowly special interests that stake out a field of inquiry and then colonize it with a view toward nothing more than serving their own selfish ends. In the antiprofessional diatribe, specialization stands for everything that is wrong with a practice that has lost its way, everything that is disappointing about an educational system that seems out of touch with the values it supposedly promotes.
Gödel’s Dialectica Interpretation and Its Two-way Stretch
Authors: Feferman Solomon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1958, Godel published in the journal Dialectica an interpretation of intuitionistic number theory in a quantifier-free theory of functionals of finite type; this subsequently came to be known as Godel’s functional or Dialectica interpretation. The article itself was written in German for an issue of that journal in honor of Paul Bernays’ seventieth birthday. In 1965, Bernays told Godel of a plan to publish an English translation by Leo F. Boron of his 1958 paper, again in Dialectica. However, Godel was dissatisfied with certain aspects of the original, and set out to revise the translation. A year after doing so to his apparent satisfaction, Godel changed his mind and decided instead to add a new series of extensive footnotes by way of improvement and amplification. The result was sent to the printer in 1970 after much help and encouragement by Bernays and Dana Scott, but when the proof sheets were returned, Godel was again dissatisfied, especially with two of the added notes. Though he apparently worked on rewriting these until 1972, the paper was never returned in final form for publication. The corrected proof sheets found in his Nachlass were reproduced for the first time in volume 2 of Godel’s Collected Works (1990), where they appear as (1972). The full story of the vicissitudes of this paper is told by A. S. Troelstra in his introductory note to (1958) and (1972) in that volume.
Science, Medicine, and the State in Germany
Authors: Tuchman Arleen Marcia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This superb account of the development of scientific research in the state of Baden places the growth of big science in 19th century Germany within a broad social and economic context. The book analyses the growth of scientific research and its institutionalization in the state university system. With the focus on the experimental sciences, the book explores the introduction of the research ethic into the university medical curriculum, and the process by which laboratory science came to be an essential pedagogical tool in the education of the future citizens of the state. The social and economic changes that ultimately transformed Germany into a modern industrial state are considered. It was within this setting that laboratory training, once considered inappropriate for university studies, slowly increased in status, and dissatisfaction with the overly theoretical education traditionally offered by the universities began to grow. Thus, much like computers today, the scientific method in the nineteenth century came to represent an instrument for teaching not only specific skills but also a particular way of approaching, analysing, and solving the problems of an industrializing economy. This compelling volume will be of interest to historians of science, medicine, and European studies.
Strings
Authors: Stokes W Royal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1970s, Slam Stewart began a long-lasting duo collaboration with guitarist Bucky Pizzarelli. A week-long engagement of the pair at the King of France Tavern in Annapolis, Maryland, provided an opportunity for me to interview both artists on my radio show “I Thought I Heard Buddy Bolden Say . . .” on Washington, D.C.’s, now long-defunct WGTB-FM. (Excerpts from the Bucky Pizzarelli portion of the program appear in the Musical Families chapter.)
Liberty and Harm to Others
Authors: Lyons David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principle of liberty is not a simple corollary of utilitarianism. It is like a principle of utility in that it treats consequences for human welfare as justifying conduct. But it is narrower than a principle of utility, in at least two ways: it concerns harms to others, not welfare generally, and it concerns coercive intervention, not action generally.
Presentness as a Logical Subject of A-Sentences
Authors: Smith Quentin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
5.1 The Theory of Presentism
In the preface I characterized presentism as a theory implying that every possibly true sentence is synonymous with a sentence of a form such as “Presentness inheres in such-and-such.” This initial characterization can now be given a more precise formulation. Presentism is the theory that every possibly true sentence has presentness for a logical subject and that every state of affairs has presentness for metaphysical subject. The full meaning of this formulation will be explicated in the course of the arguments in part II, but a partial elucidation can be accomplished in this section.
Register: A Review Of Empirical Research
Authors: Atkinson Dwight , Biber Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Situationally defined language varieties have been examined from numerous theoretical perspectives, in a wide range of fields including linguistics, anthropology, composition research, folklore, rhetoric, education, sociology, psychology, literature, and communication. These studies adopt such terms as register, genre, style, and text type to label their primary object of investigation-terms that can them selves be defined in multiple ways. In the present survey, we consider this body of research under the cover term register, which is used to refer to any language variety associated with particular situational or use characteristics.
There is need for a broad survey of register research showing the relationships among the multitude of register investigations that have been undertaken. Major approaches to register analysis have included synchronic analysis of particular registers at different linguistic levels (e.g., of phonology, lexicon, syntax, and discourse structure), historical investigations of the evolution of particular registers, and studies taking a variationist approach-delineating linguistic differences across two or more registers. Using these as well as other analytical distinctions, our aims in the present review are (1) to survey a large number of empirical investigations relevant to the analysis of registers, (2) to classify specific register studies according to these analytical criteria, and (3) to show that studies from a number of related subfields share the primary goals of register analysis.
Chemosensory Behavior and Physiology
Authors: Gaffin Douglas , Brownell Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the sensory capacities animals possess, the ability to access chemical content of the surrounding environment is most primitive and influential: visual, auditory, and mechanosensory systems often guide animals to food and prospective mates, but it is the chemistry of contact that most often dominates the release of adaptive behaviors. It is paradoxical, therefore, that of all the senses used by animals, the chemical senses remain least understood at the physiological and biochemical levels. This is perhaps attribute able to the enormous diversity of chemical substances in natural environments and to the complexity of peripheral and central nervous systems that process chemosensory information.
Population and Community Ecology of Desert Scorpions
Authors: Polis Gary A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ecology is a rapidly developing field with a healthy dose of controversy. As in other fields, theory and speculation has advanced far more rapidly than empirical work, leaving a vacuum that can only be filled by experimental work. Scorpions possess a number of characteristics that make them good models to test and advance ecological theory (see Introduction to this volume).
Moore
Authors: Stroll Avrum 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I pointed out in chapter 1, in such papers as “A Defense of Common Sense,” “Proof of an External World,” and “Certainty,” Moore was in effect challenging the received opinion that no contingent statements can be certain. I say “in effect” because he never explicitly states that he has in mind the traditional doctrine deriving from Hume. However, the caustic, at times sarcastic, way in which he speaks indicates that there is a specific theory he is opposing, a theory which he believes some philosophers have actually held and which he finds absurd. He is so emphatic in asserting a contrary view that it is difficult to resist the inference that the Humean doctrine is the target of his comments. Here, for example, is a shortened version of what he says at the beginning of “Certainty”:
Finding the Beginning
Authors: Stroll Avrum 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After months of thinking and writing about Moore, and only twenty-five days before his death on April 29, 1951, Wittgenstein confessed that he was dissatisfied with what he had achieved so far in On Certainty or what he was likely to achieve in his rapidly constricting future. Putting this avowal in brackets, almost as if he were admonishing himself, he wrote, “[Here there is still a big gap in my thinking. And I doubt whether it will be filled now]” (O.C., 470). His next entry is equally pessimistic: “It is so difficult to find the beginning. Or, better: it is difficult to begin at the beginning. And not try to go further back” (O.C., 471).
Wittgenstein Foundationalism
Authors: Stroll Avrum 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can say, then, that for Wittgenstein the applicability of doubt is one of the features that defines the language game. This is a complex thought with many ramifications. One is that where doubt is inapplicable we are dealing with matters that do not belong to the language game. A subcase of this is the subject matter of this chapter, namely, a highly original form of foundationalism that Wittgenstein develops in On Certainty. The foundations of the language game stand outside of and yet support the language game-exactly how is what we shall be discussing below. These foundations are identified in a series of metaphors as “the hinges on which others turn,” “the rock bottom of our convictions,” “the substratum of all my inquiring,” and most pervasively “that which stands fast for us and for many others” (O.C., 116). All of these expressions are metaphors for certainty. It is Wittgenstein’s main thesis in On Certainty that what stands fast is not subject to justification, proof, the adducing of evidence, or doubt and is neither true nor false. Whatever is subject to these ascriptions belongs to the language game. But certitude is not so subject, and therefore it stands outside of the language game. It does so in two different forms, one relative, the other absolute. A proposition that is exempt from doubt in some contexts may become subject to doubt in others, and when it does it plays a role within the language game. This is the relativized form of certitude. But some propositions-that the earth exists, that the earth is very old-are beyond any doubt; their certitude is absolute.
A Prescriptivist Argument against the Dilemmas Thesis
Authors: Gowans Christopher W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last chapter I found inconclusive the three most prominent arguments in favor of DT. In this chapter I defend an argument against this thesis. Thus I conclude that DT is false and that OT is true, and hence that wrongdoing in the sense of transgressing deliberative conclusions cannot be inescapable. So under stood, the intuition that wrongdoing can always be avoided may be preserved. On the other hand, the apparently contrary intuition, that wrongdoing some times is inescapable, should also be retained, for there is a sense of ‘moral wrongdoing’ for which this intuition is correct. My arguments here make way for my defense of this position, beginning in the next chapter.
Introduction: Hegel, Stendhal, and Posthistorical Existence
Authors: Moses Michael Valdez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If we look at the life of the thirteenth century, passing from Chartres to Borobudur and from Venice to the Mayas, from Constantinople to Peking and from Kublai Khan to Dante, from the house of Maimonides at Cordoba to Nara, and from the Magna Carta to the Byzantine monks copying Aristotle; compare this extraordinary diversity with the present state of the world, where countries are not really different from each other in terms of their present-which, as such, is everywhere the same-but only in terms of their past. That is what the developed world is. To speak seriously of the end of history is generally to invite incredulity or even derision. The idea that history has a discernible telos or that it has in some fundamental sense already come to an end strikes most people as absurd. And yet, when asked whether they can seriously envision a return to monarchic or aristocratic government, a reestablishment of slavery or of serfdom, or a complete abandonment of modern science, industry, and technology, these same people would be unanimous in insisting that such developments are unthinkable, or at any rate, undesirable. What their reaction suggests is that almost all citizens in the developed world, and especially the intelligentsia of modern nations, tacitly accept the thesis, first articulated in a rigorously systematic philosophical manner by Hegel, that history does indeed have a direction and an end.
Vibrational Spectra
Authors: Scheiner Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In contrast to the deep minimum in the potential energy surface that corresponds to the equilibrium geometry of a standard molecule, the equilibrium structure of a typical H­ bonded complex resides in a much shallower minimum. The PES of the complex is over­ all much flatter, yet commonly contains other minima, albeit not quite as stable, which are energetically accessible from the global minimum. This chapter focuses on the nature of the potential energy surface in the vicinity of the equilibrium structure, deferring until later a discussion of more extended regions of the surface. A principal question addressed here is the steepness of the surface as one moves away from the global minimum in various directions, and the source of this slope. This point is directly examined by theoretical calculations which can determine the energy of any given geometrical distortion of the structure.
Basic Positions
Authors: Gordon Stewart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AS important as teaching hand position or posture at the instrument is the teaching of certain attitudes about music and music making. These attitudes form a philosophical foundation regarding our art and our relationship to it. For teachers, identifying philosophical issues and formulating a position are very important, for without such a process we often inadvertently buy into opinions or actions in which we really do not believe. These, in turn, can be interpreted by our students as inconsistencies at best or duplicities at worst.
Extension Exercises
Authors: Gordon Stewart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
MOST of us have given nods of approval at one time or another to the old saying, ‘actions speak louder than words,’ and certainly we can think of a multitude of ways in which the saying is applicable to our students’ working habits. We expect good students to show us with their attitudes, and to some extent in their lifestyles, just how music and working in music rate. Promises count for little, and good intentions only prove to be a source of irritation if they are rarely supported by solid efforts. But what if suddenly our perspective were altered and we became the student who scrutinized the teacher’s lifestyle musical goals. Would the teacher’s model turn out to be exemplary? Most of us would admit to imperfection quite quickly.
Bob Horn’s Bandstand
Authors: Jackson John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While WFIL’s radio station struggled to become corm petitive, WFIL—TV endured problems of its own. The television station’s affiliation with the American Broadcasting Company was of dubious value in 1952, because the network had a mere fifteen affiliated TV stations, whereas rivals CBS and NBC commanded thirty—one and sixty—four, respectively. In cities able to support only one or two TV stations ABC was not seen at all. In addition, ABC offered scant evening programming to its affiliates and possessed no daytime schedule whatsoever. To fill its afternoon hours, WFIL—TV showed movies, but Hollywood viewed television as a rival and leased only its most outdated dogs to the upstart medium. It was no surprise, then, when station manager George Koehler informed Roger Clipp that WFIL’s afternoon movieswere a flop and had to be replaced.
Entanglement Effects in Polymer Melts and Networks
Authors: Kremer Kurt , Grest Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dense polymer systems, such as melts, glasses, and cross linked networks or rubber are extremely complex materials. Besides the local chemical interactions and density correlations which are common to all disordered liquids and solids, the chain conformations also play an important role. Their influence is twofold. First the intrachain entropy dominates over the positional entropy of the center of mass of the chains. This leads to the well known effect that a weak effective repulsion between different types of chains is sufficient to drive phase segregation. The static and dynamic properties of mixtures of two types of chains is an important and challenging problem, which is reviewed by Binder in Chapter 7 of this volume. Here we consider dense melts of chains of the same chemical composition.