bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Effect of Aerial Ammonia on Atrophic Rhinitis and Pneumonia Induced byMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeand ToxigenicPasteurella multocida
Authors: Andreasen M. , Bækbo P. , Nielsen J. P. 
Published: March 2003

The objective of this experimental study was to determine the effects of aerial ammonia on disease development and bacterial colonization in weaned pigs inoculated with toxigenicPasteurella multocidaandMycoplasma hyopneumoniae.Two groups of 10 pigs each were continuously exposed to 50 and 100 p.p.m. ammonia, respectively, and compared to a non‐exposed control group of 20 pigs. Following aerosol inoculation withM. hyopneumoniaeat day 9, all pigs were aerosol‐inoculated with toxigenicP. multocidatype A at days 28, 42 and 56. At day 63 they were euthanized.Clinical signs including coughing and respiratory distress were present in all groups following inoculation. No significant differences could be established in the extent or frequency of pneumonia between ammonia‐exposed pigs and controls, or in the extent of conchal atrophy, the frequency of isolation of toxigenicP. multocidafrom conchae, tonsils, lungs and kidneys, or the average daily weight gain. The recovery of toxigenicP. multocidafrom nasal swabs following inoculation was significantly greater in pigs exposed to 50 p.p.m. ammonia or more as compared to the control group.In conclusion, high levels of ammonia combined with inoculations withM. hyopneumoniaeand toxigenicP. multocidahad no significant effect on disease development, but may have enhanced colonization by toxigenicP. multocidaon the nasal turbinates.
Effect of Shearing on the Incidence of Caseous Lymphadenitis in Awassi Sheep in Jordan
Authors: Al‐Rawashdeh O. F. , Al‐Qudah K. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA total of 876 sheep from five flocks in north Jordan were selected to study the effect of shearing on the incidence of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). The animals were divided into two age groups, sheep aged 1–2 years and those aged 3 years. Blood samples were collected from the animals at the time of shearing and again 6 months later. A toxin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to identify sheep that had been infected withCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The point prevalences of CLA were 6.59 % and 21.06 % in the 1–2‐year and 3‐year age groups, respectively, and were significantly higher (P< 0.01) in the 3‐year age group. The overall prevalence among all ages was 15.3 %. In the shorn sheep, the incidence of CLA was 22.46 % and 9.47 % in the 1–2‐year and 3‐year age groups, respectively, and was significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the 1–2‐year age group. In the control animals, the incidence was 8 % and 5.26 % in the 1–2‐year and 3‐year age groups, respectively, and was different (P< 0.01) between the shorn (22.46 %) and control (8 %) animals of the 1–2‐year age group. An epidemiological survey of 35 sheep farms revealed the prevalence of CLA, shearing wounds and unhygienic conditions during shearing in all farms. In conclusion, the prevalence of CLA increases with age and the incidence increases only in young sheep after shearing. Sheep are sheared under unhygienic conditions, which may be a contributing factor in increasing both the prevalence and the incidence of CLA.
Antigenic Characterization of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Isolates from Spain with a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Vega S. , Rosell R. , Paton D. J. , Orden J. A. , De La Fuente R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA group of 47 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strains isolated from a variety of bovine tissues from eight different geographical areas of Spain and two BVDV strains isolated from a cell line were characterized antigenically with a panel of 23 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The mAbs were directed at one of three viral proteins: E2, Ernsand NS2–3. A peroxidase‐linked assay was used to test the mAbs for reactivity against infected cell monolayers. The data were analysed by two computational methods: the Antigenic Distance Program (MAP) and the Phylogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP), and compared with those obtained previously using the same mAbs with other pestiviruses, including reference strains and UK field isolates. All the Spanish field strains studied appeared to be broadly similar to reference strains of BVDV and were included in the subgroup of classical BVDV, meanwhile the two strains isolated from a cell line were included in the subgroup of atypical pestiviruses.
Natural Changes in the Spread of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Among Estonian Cattle
Authors: VILTROP A. , ALAOTS J. , PÄRN M. , MUST K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe results of a survey conducted during 1993–2000 to study the spread of bovine viral diarrhoeal virus (BVDV) among Estonian cattle are presented. The BVDV infection status of a representative random sample of cattle herds housing 20 or more dairy cows was established to estimate the prevalence of herds with active BVDV infection [potentially having persistently infected (PI) cattle – suspect PI herds]. The herds investigated comprised approximately 70% of all Estonian dairy cows. The BVDV infection status was established in 315–350 herds (making the sampling fraction about 20%) during three sampling periods: 1993–95, 1997–98, 1999–2000. BVDV antibodies were detected in herd bulk milk samples and/or sera from young stock by a liquid‐phase‐blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay developed in the Danish Veterinary Institute for Virus Research. The results of the survey demonstrate the reduction in the prevalence of herds with active BVDV infection in the studied fraction of the Estonian cattle population. During the first sampling period (1993–95) a prevalence of 46% (± 5%) for suspect PI herds was observed, during the second sampling period this prevalence was 16% (± 3%) and in the third period it was 18% (± 3%). As there is no control programme for BVDV in Estonia, the observed changes reflect the natural course of the infection in the study population. A possible cause for these changes is the decreased trade in breeding animals as a result of the economic difficulties present in cattle farming during the study period. The farming practices (most large herds are managed as closed herds) and the low density of cattle farms have obviously facilitated the self‐clearance of herds from the BVDV infection, diminishing the new introduction of infection into the herds.
Demonstration ofListeria monocytogenesby Immunohistochemistry in Formalin‐Fixed Brain Tissues from Natural Cases of Ovine and Bovine Encephalitis
Authors: Campero C. M. , Odeón A. C. , Cipolla A. L. , Moore D. P. , Poso M. A. , Odriozola E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn the present work, evidence ofListeria monocytogenesantigens based on the avidin–biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique was performed on formalin‐fixed central nervous system tissues (CNS) from a total of 23 natural cases of encephalitis (four ovine and 19 bovine).Listeria monocytogenesserotype 4 was isolated from 10 of 17 cultured specimens. Meningoencephalitis characterized by focal necrosis, microabscesses, perivascular cuffing, and gliosis with presence of macrophages and/or neutrophils was observed at histological examination. PositiveL. monocytogenesantigens were successfully identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the CNS of all 23 cases. Paraffin‐embedded tissues assayed were stored up for 17 years. Morbidity of the outbreaks was between 0.3–3% and 0.1–1% for ovine and bovine cases, respectively. In all the ovine cases, flocks involved were under extensive grazing conditions. In nine of the 19 bovine cases (47.3%), supplementation with corn silage was used. The ABC test can help as a practical tool for the diagnosis of natural cases ofL. monocytogenesencephalitis on formalin‐fixed specimens from ovine and bovine.
The Effect of Season and Vaccination for Glässer's Disease and Post‐weaning Colibacillosis in an Outdoor Pig Unit Endemically Infected with Virulent Strain ofHaemophilus ParasuisSerotype 5 and PathogenicEscherichia coli
Authors: Karg G. , Bilkei G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe objective of this field trial was to determine if vaccination againstHaemophilus parasuisserovar 5 (HPS 5) and pathogenic serotypes ofEscherichia coliwould improve nursery pig performance in an outdoor unit in different seasons. The unit was concurrently infected with HPS 5 and with different serotypes ofE. coli.All piglets were born to HPS 5 vaccinated sows. The trial was carried out in four (two summer and two winter) groups.Group 1 (E. coliand HPS vaccinated, summer season) (n = 362): Piglets were vaccinated pre‐weaning with inactivatedE. coli‐VT2e‐toxin and post‐weaning against HPS 5.Group 2 (non‐vaccinated, summer season) (n = 349): Piglets were not vaccinated.Group 3 (E. coliand HPS vaccinated, winter season) (n = 358): The animals were analogously treated as Group 1.Group 4 (non‐vaccinated, winter season) (n = 353): Piglets were not vaccinated.The following parameters were evaluated: A: average daily nursery weight gain (ADG), B: nursery mortality, C: feed efficiency (FE).No significant weight differences were detected within the vaccinated and non‐vaccinated summer or winter raised groups of weaners. Summer raised weaners were significantly (P<0.05) heavier from day 35 on than winter raised animals. ADG and FE of summer raised pigs were significantly better (weeks 1–3P<0.05; fourth week post‐weaningP<0.01) during the nursery period than that of the winter raised groups. Winter raised vaccinated weaners showed during the last week of nursing significantly (P<0.05) better daily gain and feed efficiency compared with the non‐vaccinated winter raised animals. Non‐significant ADG and FE differences were detectable between the summer raised vaccinated or non‐vaccinated groups of pig. Winter raised non‐vaccinated animals suffered significantly (P<0.05) higher nursery mortality (10.63%) compared to the winter raised vaccinated animals.Implication: In cases of concurrent infections with HPS 5 and with different serotypes ofE. coli, especially during winter season, vaccination against both diseases is suggested.
Changes in Distribution and Numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes in Lymphoid Tissues and Intestinal Mucosa in the Early Phase of Experimentally Induced Early Onset Mucosal Disease in Cattle
Authors: Frink S. , Grummer B. , Pohlenz J. F. , Liebler‐Tenorio E. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryMucosal disease (MD), one sequelae of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection, causes severe lesions in lymphoid tissues and mucosal surfaces. Lesions are associated with the presence of cytopathogenic (cp) BVDV and initially characterized by apoptotic cell death. The objective of this investigation was to determine if this cell death is mediated only by the cp BVDV, which is known to induce apoptosis in cell culture or if immune‐mediated host reactions might also contribute. Early onset MD was experimentally induced in calves by inoculation of persistently viremic calves with a closely related cp BVDV. Calves were euthanized in the early phase of infection between days 5 and 13 post‐inoculation and tissues from tonsils, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, jejunum and colon were collected. Presence of cp BVDV antigen was correlated with distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in consecutive cryostat sections. In the lymphoid tissues, cp BVDV antigen was predominantly found in the lymphoid follicles. The increase of infected cells with time post‐inoculation was paralleled by a decrease of B‐lymphocytes and an increase of CD4+ T‐lymphocytes. An increased number of CD8+ T‐lymphocytes was seen in progressed lesions only. In the intestinal mucosa, initially multifocal, later diffuse infection with cp BVDV was accompanied by a multifocal or diffuse increase of CD4+ T‐lymphocytes, respectively. Numbers of IgA+ plasma cells and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes were decreased. The common change observed in lymphoid tissues and mucosa was the increase of CD4+ T‐lymphocytes in sites with lesions. This might indicate a cell‐mediated immune response to the cp BVDV. Besides their helper function to other cells of the immune system, activated CD4+ T‐lymphocytes might also exert cytotoxic activity, induce apoptosis in target cells via Fas/Fas ligand binding and thus contribute to the severity of tissue lesions in MD.
Staphylococcus aureusExosecretions and Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Younis A. , Krifucks O. , Heller E. D. , Samra Z. , Glickman A. , Saran A. , Leitner G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe role ofStaphylococcus aureusand coagulase‐negative staphylococcal exosecretions in bovine udder infection was tested by monitoring the cows’ response toin vivoinoculation of bacterial exosecretions into udder quarters. Twenty Israeli‐Holstein dairy cows were included in the study; two or three of the udder quarters of each cow were intracisternally inoculated with 0.04–0.05 mg/quarter (total proteins) of the various sterile bacterial exosecretions in a sterile pyrogen‐free saline. Each udder was inoculated with two or three different bacterial exosecretions or placebo (Columbia Broth). Cows were monitored for 96 h post‐inoculation for rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, alimentary tract activity (rumen contraction), udder temperature, pain, oedema and udder size. Milk samples were examined bacteriologically and for somatic cell count,N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity and somatic cell differentiation. No enterotoxins (β–G) or toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 were detected in response to any of the bacteria tested. Control quarters or those inoculated with Columbia Broth, showed similar NAGase and somatic cell count values throughout the experiment. Twelve of the 18 strains tested, induced inflammation in the inoculated quarters while six did not. Of the 12 strains causing local inflammation, only six were found significantly different from the control and were considered as high response (group 1). The other six that caused a local inflammation did not differ significantly from the control, and were considered to be moderate response (group 2). The sixS. aureusisolates that did not cause an inflammatory response were considered to have low response (group 3). In all quarters inoculated withS. aureusbacterial exosecretions belonging to groups 1 and 2, the polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages were proportionally increased while CD4+and CD8+T‐lymphocyte populations decreased. One‐dimensional NuPAGE (7%) Tris–acetate gel electrophoresisof the bacterial exosecretions revealed four different bands appearing between 36 and 31 kDa, marked from top to bottom as A, B, C and D. An association was found between the combinations of expressed bands and the cow responses: the majority of the cases could be linked to the expression of bands B and C.
Multiple forms of the serine protease Alp of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Kunert J. , Kopeček P. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAlkaline proteases were produced by a virulent strain of Aspergillus fumigatus during growth on media containing glucose and proteins or peptides. After isoelectric focusing, six bands of proteolytic activity were detected with synthetic substrates after blotting on nitrocellulose membranes. The main protease (pI=8.6) corresponded to the known subtilisin‐like protease Alp of A. fumigatus and five minor components had lower isoelectric points (8.1 to 5.2). All proteases were produced on different media and in various phases of growth with only small quantitative variations. They also had identical pH optima, were denatured above 45 °C and stabilized by Ca2+ ions, were affected by the inhibitors of serine proteases only and had nearly identical substrate specificity against 13 synthetic substrates. On gel chromatography the three most acidic components had higher molecular weights than the main enzyme Alp. It remains to be determined if the enzymes under study arise through post‐translational processing of the main protease or are true isoenzymes, products of a gene family.
Case Report. Widespread tinea corporis due to Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Gorani A. , Schiera A. , Oriani A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.  We report the case of a 36‐year‐old man who presented large erythematous plaques involving the trunk, face and extremities, since one month. Some of these lesions had a psoriasis‐like aspect, with abundant superficial scaling. Direct microscopic examination of scales removed from the plaques revealed numerous hyphae. Cultural examination lead to the identification of Trichophyton rubrum species. Our case of tinea corporis presented some peculiarities related both to the extension of the lesions and their clinical aspects.Zusammenfassung.  Wir berichten über einen 36‐jährigen Mann, der grösseren rotlaufartigen Ausschlag an Rumpf, Gesicht und Gliedmassen seit einem Monat aufwies. Einige dieser Läsionen sahen wie Psoriasis mit reichlichem Abschuppen aus. In der direkten mikroskopischen Kontrolle der kleinen Schuppen aus den Flecken fanden wir viele Hyphen Kulturell wurde Trichophyton rubrum nachgewiesen. Unser Fall von Tinea corporis zeigte einige Eigenheiten in Hinblick auf den Umfang und das klinische Bild.
Genetic control of in vitro‐organogenesis in recombinant inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Berrios E. F. , Gentzbittel L. , Alibert G. , Griveau Y. , Bervillé A. , Sarraf A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNinety‐three recombinant inbred lines (F8) of sunflower developed by the single‐seed descent method from the cross ‘PAC‐2 × RHA‐266’ were used to screen their regenerability by organogenesis. The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks with three replications. Each replication consisted of 10 Petri dishes with four explants. Cotyledons were excised from 2‐day‐old seedlings. Each cotyledon was divided into two pieces (four explants), which were incubated in solid regeneration medium consisting of full‐strength Murashige and Skoog medium modified by adding hormones. A high genotypic variability for organogenesis parameters between genotypes was observed in this study. The difference between all recombinant F8 lines and their parents was not significant, showing that the 93 inbred lines used in this experiment are representative of the total possible recombinant lines from the cross ‘PAC‐2 × RHA‐266′. These F8 lines were not consciously selected for any trait; therefore, they represent a random set of lines segregating for the organogenesis parameters, as well as for other traits which could be important for breeding.
Androgenetic green plants from winter rye, Secale cereale L., of diverse origin
Authors: Immonen S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty varieties and breeders’ lines of winter rye, Secale cereale L., including Finnish, Polish, Russian, Swedish and Danish germplasm, were tested for their anther culture ability. To establish a reference point, the initial culture method was based on published results from rye anther culture. Following results from methodological studies, a modified protocol was tested on the same 19 winter rye lines. The modifications to the protocol included growth of mother plants under controlled greenhouse conditions, prolonged cold pretreatment of spikes for 3 weeks at 4°C, excision of anthers with microspores in the late uninucleate/binucleate developmental stage and induction on liquid medium supplemented with a buoyancy increasing component, Ficoll. With the modified protocol, the total production of green androgenetic plants increased nearly fivefold; it reached an average of 2.75% with the best line yielding 12.5%, while the proportion of green to albino plants increased by 50% to 25.1%. Eighteen rye lines showed green plant regeneration ability. Several genetically different winter rye lines with relatively good anther culture ability, yielding ≤ 1/% green plants per 100 anthers, were identified for the use in further methodical studies and for researching doubled haploidy in rye breeding.
Comparison of evaluation methods for selection of resistance to Fusarium head blight in a recurrent selection programme in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Yang Z. P. , Yang X. Y. , Huang D. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to compare efficiency of evaluation for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) under two inoculation methods in a recurrent selection programme. Fifty selected homozygous F5 fertile lines, from each of five cycles (C0, C1, C2, C3 and C4) of recurrent selection, and two control cultivars were evaluated in a split‐plot design in 1995 and 1996 under the soil‐surface inoculation with Fusarium graminearum‐colonized kernels and the single‐floret inoculation with ascospore suspension. Comparison of the two inoculation methods using means, ranges, coefficients of variation, heritabilities and correlations among infected spikelet rate (ISR), reaction index (RI) and disease index (DI) indicated that FHB resistance could be evaluated with similar accuracy and precision using either of the two inoculation methods. Regressions of disease scores in the soil‐surface inoculation on disease scores in the single‐surface inoculation were positive and highly significant, showing a strong relationship between both inoculation methods for FHB resistance. The percentage of lines with similar performance for FHB disease scores in both inoculation methods was high. The soil‐surface inoculation and single‐floret inoculation appear to be useful techniques for evaluating numerous individuals of segregating population and screening advanced homozygous lines for FHB resistance in a recurrent selection programme in wheat, respectively.
Effect of inbreeding and growth regulators on the in vitro androgenesis of wheatgrass, Agropyron glaucum
Authors: Chekurov V. M. , Razmakhnin E. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe capacity of haploid production by anther culture has been analysed in 42 crossbred genotypes (wild type) and in 32 genotypes from inbreeding generations (I2‐I3) of wheatgrass, Agropyron glaucum. On potato‐2 medium, about 50% of the genotypes investigated were capable of embryoid and callus induction. For the regeneration of haploid plants, five media containing various growth regulators were used. The crossbred genotypes were superior to the inbred lines in all the androgenesis parameters examined.
Single gene mutation for green cotyledons as a marker for the embryonic genotype in faba bean, Vicia faba
Authors: Duc G. , Moussy F. , Zong X. , Ding G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new spontaneous mutation is described in faba bean, Vicia faba L., characterized by a marked green colour in the entire cotyledon tissues of the mature seeds, while the wild phenotype is yellow. This seed character reflects the embryonic genotype and is determined by a single recessive allele named i1‐1. It is distinct from the y gene, which codes for green testa. As is the case for gene y, the gene i1‐1 displays no epistatic effects with the zero‐tannin genes zt1 and zt2 which influence seed and flower colour in faba bean. In this allogamous species, such a mutation is a useful tool in cross‐fertilization studies.