bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Distribution in a Nonprismatic Thermoelectric Leg and the Energy Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Jin Zhihe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It has been proposed that asymmetric thermoelectric (TE) legs may enhance the TE energy conversion efficiency. This work presents an analytical model for the temperature field in nonprismatic TE legs and the energy conversion efficiency. Different from the models available in the literature, the present one-dimensional (1D) heat equation for thermal conduction in nonprismatic legs is derived from the general three-dimensional (3D) energy and charge balance laws and the thermoelectric constitutive relations considering Joule heating and the Seebeck effect on the heat flow. The temperature field in a TE leg with an arbitrary gradient of the cross-sectional area is obtained using the 1D heat equation. The temperature field and energy conversion efficiency are calculated for exponential and quadratic Bi2Te3 legs as well as an exponential PbTe leg. The numerical results indicate that leg tapering has minimal effects on the temperature distribution in and energy efficiency of the nonprismatic leg under the prescribed cold and hot side temperatures' boundary conditions provided that the volume of the leg remains the same. The energy efficiency of the tapered leg, however, can be significantly increased under the prescribed hot side heat flux condition. Finally, a simple estimate on the limitation of the 1D models for nonprismatic legs is discussed.
Technical Brief: Safeguardability Analysis of a Molten Salt Sampling System Design
Authors: Harkema Megan , Krahn Steven , Marotta Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Challenges with safeguarding molten salt reactor (MSR) designs have prompted the search for enhanced safeguards technologies and revised safeguards materials control & accountancy (MC&A) approaches. A molten salt sampling system is a subsystem being developed to help support facility MC&A in future MSRs by removing salt samples from the primary fuel and/or coolant salt loop of an MSR for chemical and isotopic analysis. To consider the safeguards implications of this molten salt sampling system early in the design process, we employed a safeguards by design approach during the development of a prototype molten salt sampling system. Specifically, we identified and tailored a checklist approach to systematically evaluate the design against recognized safeguards and security attributes. This technical brief describes the molten salt sampling system design and operational concept upon which we applied the safeguards by design methodology, conveys the methods we used to employ the safeguards by design approach on the molten salt sampling system design, and discusses the preliminary results and design insights gained from this safeguards by design assessment.
Genetic tools for the electrotroph
Sporomusa ovata
and autotrophic biosynthesis
Authors: Tremblay Pier-Luc , Zhang Tian 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Sporomusa
ovata is a Gram-negative acetogen of the Sporomusaceae family with a unique physiology. This anerobic bacterium is a core microbial catalyst for advanced CO
2
-based biotechnologies including gas fermentation, microbial electrosynthesis, and hybrid photosystem. Until now, no genetic tools exist for
S. ovata
, which is a critical obstacle to its optimization as an autotrophic chassis and the acquisition of knowledge about its metabolic capacities. Here, we developed an electroporation protocol for
S. ovata
. With this procedure, it became possible to introduce replicative plasmids such as pJIR751 and its derivatives into the acetogen. This system was then employed to demonstrate the feasibility of heterologous expression by introducing a functional β-glucuronidase enzyme under the promoters of different strengths in
S. ovata
. Next, a recombinant
S. ovata
strain producing the non-native product acetone both from an organic carbon substrate and from CO
2
was constructed. Finally, a replicative plasmid capable of integrating itself on the chromosome of the acetogen was developed as a tool for genome editing, and gene deletion was demonstrated. These results indicate that
S. ovata
can be engineered and provides a first-generation genetic toolbox for the optimization of this biotechnological workhorse.

IMPORTANCE

S. ovata
harbors unique features that make it outperform most microbes for autotrophic biotechnologies such as a capacity to acquire electrons from different solid donors, a low H
2
threshold, and efficient energy conservation mechanisms. The development of the first-generation genetic instruments described in this study is a key step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these outstanding metabolic and physiological characteristics. In addition, these tools enable the construction of recombinant
S. ovata
strains that can synthesize a wider range of products in an efficient manner.
Introduction to biogeomorphic responses to wildfire in fluvial ecosystems
Authors: Florsheim* Joan L. , O’Dowd* Alison P. , Chin* Anne 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Developing wildfire biogeomorphology as an integrative science is fundamental toward understanding the dynamic processes of adjustment that must occur after wildfires to support heterogeneity, biodiversity, and resilience in fluvial ecosystems. This GSA Special Paper introduces and synthesizes several key points derived from interdisciplinary studies. First, post-wildfire sediment pulses that change the physical elements of fluvial habitat may be transitory or long-lasting, depending on variations in post-wildfire climate conditions. Second, biological processes and feedback may alter post-wildfire geomorphic responses and enhance ecosystem resilience. Third, a greater emphasis on integrated approaches, as encompassed by the discipline of wildfire biogeomorphology, is necessary to adapt ecosystem management strategies. New approaches toward conservation, restoration, and wildfire management that incorporate the variable and dynamic post-wildfire geomorphic responses, the feedbacks between biological and geomorphic processes, and the multiple possible disturbance and recovery trajectories will facilitate sustainable fire management practices in the future.
Ordovician–Early Devonian granitic magmatism as the consequence of intracontinental orogenic activity along the Qinhang belt in South China
Authors: Yuan Xinchen , Liu Junlai , Yang Qijun , Zhou Baojun , Lv Yong , Wu Jiwen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The early Paleozoic tectono-magmatic activity within the South China block, which is well illustrated by Ordovician–Devonian granites in the western Qinhang belt, was the response to closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and convergence of continental blocks. The spatiotemporal distribution and source characteristics of the granites provide us the opportunity to understand the processes and driving mechanisms of intracontinental orogeny. As an example, the Miaoershan-Yuechengling granite batholith in northern Guangxi, located along the western margin of the Qinhang orogenic belt, is mainly composed of quartz monzonite and monzogranite. All the granitic rocks from Miaoershan-Yuechengling batholith are composed of K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, biotite, and hornblende. Geochronologic dating indicates that the Miaoershan-Yuechengling batholith was emplaced during the late Silurian and Early Devonian, respectively. The rocks have high SiO2, with an average value of 73.29 wt%, and total alkalis (Na2O + K2O = 7.21–10.03 wt%), but low Al2O3 (12.96–15.51 wt%), showing characteristics of the high-potassium calc-alkaline series of S-type peraluminous granites (Al2O3/[CaO + Na2O + K2O] = 1.03–1.22). Trace elements in the Miaoershan-Yuechengling granitic rocks are characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements and depletion of high field strength elements. Their rare earth element (REE) trends are characterized by relatively flat distribution patterns with weak light REE enrichment, weak heavy REE fractionation, and negative Eu anomalies. Zircons from the rocks have negative εHf(t) values ranging from −13.24 to −5.1, with crustal model ages (THf2) of 2.2–1.7 Ga. These features indicate that they are S-type granites with parental magmas originating from partial melting of sandy argillaceous sources of Paleoproterozoic lower continental crust. The thermal budget for Ordovician to Early Devonian magmatism is attributed either to crustal thickening in relation to intracontinental orogenic compression or to crustal thinning due to postorogenic tectonic extension during assembly and breakup of Greater Gondwana. This study reveals that the change in mantle convection systems during plate interactions acted as a major driving force for the early orogenic processes, late collapse of the orogenic belt, and massive syncollisional to postorogenic magmatism.
Exact Solutions of Second-Grade Fluid Equations
Authors: Petrova A. G. , Pukhnachev V. V. , Frolovskaya O. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The second-grade fluid equations describe the motion of relaxing fluids such as aqueous solutions of polymers. The existence and uniqueness of solutions to the initial–boundary value problems for these equations were studied by D. Cioranescu, V. Girault, C. Le Roux, A. Tani, G. P. Galdi, and others. However, their studies do not contain information about the qualitative properties of solutions of these equations. Such information can be obtained by analyzing their exact solutions, which is the main goal of this work. We study layered flows and a model problem with a free boundary, construct an analog of T. Kármán’s solution, which describes the stationary motion of a second-grade fluid in a half-space induced by the rotation of the plane bounding it, and propose a generalization of V. A. Steklov’s solution of the problem on unsteady helical flows of a Newtonian fluid to the case of a second-grade fluid.
Schaumann bodies deposited along myenteric plexus of the muscularis propria is a unique histopathological feature of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Liu Xinning , Huang Yan , Liu Ni , Duan Xiaoyu , Jiang Jingyi , Chen Minhu , Ren Mao , Qiu Yun , Ye Ziyin 
Published: December 2023

AimsSchaumann bodies were first identified in sarcoidosis by Dr Schaumann in 1941. They were also detected in 10% of Crohn’s disease (CD) cases in a study involving patients with surgically resected CD. However, the characteristics and significance of Schaumann bodies in CD have yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the pathological features and diagnostic significance of Schaumann bodies in various bowel diseases.MethodsOverall, 278 bowel specimens were collected from patients with CD, intestinal tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, intestinal schistosomiasis, diverticulosis and idiopathic mesenteric vasculopathy. The frequency, pathology and clinical features of patients with Schaumann bodies were studied.ResultsSchaumann bodies were present exclusively in CD (27.0%, 38 of 141) and were not detected in other intestinal diseases within the series. In CD, Schaumann bodies were deposited along the myenteric plexus of the muscularis propria (84.2%, 32 of 38). These bodies were small (diameter: 60.3±32.7 µm) and exhibited a low density in the intestinal wall (1.1±0.4 per low-power field). The majority were located within the cytoplasm of multinucleated giant cells (84.2%, 32 of 38) and were not found within or adjacent to granulomas. Notably, the number of female patients with CD and Schaumann bodies was higher than that of males.ConclusionSchaumann bodies are common in resected CD specimens, and their characteristic deposition pattern may serve as a diagnostic indication for CD.
Seeding rate and sulfur drive field pea yields in the Maritime region of Canada
Authors: Mills Aaron A.S. , Fillmore Sherry A.E. 
Published: December 2023

The inclusion of pulse crops in Canadian rotations has the potential to improve cropping system efficiencies, reduce the overall amount of applied nitrogen, provide economic opportunities for producers, and reduce the overall carbon footprint of the cropping system. Although primarily grown in western Canada, many pulse species—field pea in particular, are well suited to temperate growing conditions in the Maritime region of Canada. A study was conducted over 2 years at Harrington, Prince Edward Island, and consisted of four field pea varieties including two yellow varieties (AAC Lacombe and CDC Saffron) and two green varieties (CDC Limerick and CDC Raezer) planted at three plant population densities: 75, 100, and 125 plants m−2. The study also measured the effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied pre-plant (0 kg ha−1 vs. 15 kg ha−1) and applied plant available sulfur (0 kg ha−1 vs. 25 kg ha−1). Overall, yellow pea varieties were higher yielding than green pea varieties, and there was a linear increase in yield with increased seeding rate. There were no significant effects of pre-plant nitrogen fertilizer on yield, although it did slightly increase seed protein. Applied sulfur had a positive effect on yield and a slightly negative effect on thousand seed weight. This experiment provides a recommendation for the optimal seeding rate (100 plants m−2) and fertility recommendations to achieve profitable yields growing field pea in the Maritime region of Canada.
The nonleptonic decays of b-flavored mesons to S-wave charmonium and charm meson states
Authors: Dash Kalpalata , Dash P. C. , Panda R. N. , Nayak Lopamudra , Kar Susmita , Barik N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe detection of radially excited charmonium and charm meson states, and measurement of heavy meson decays, particularly $$B_c^+\rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+$$

B
c
+

→
J
/
ψ

D
s
+

and $$B_c^+\rightarrow J/\psi D_s^{*+}$$

B
c
+

→
J
/
ψ

D
s

∗
+

, by the LHCb and ATLAS Collaborations, have aroused a lot of theoretical interest in the nonleptonic decays of b-flavored mesons. In this paper, we study the exclusive two-body nonleptonic $${\bar{B}}^0$$

B

¯

0

, $$\bar{B_s^0}$$

B
s
0

¯

, $$B^-$$

B
-

and $$B_c^-$$

B
c
-

-meson decays to two vector meson ($$V_1(nS)V_2$$

V
1

(
n
S
)

V
2

) states. Assuming the factorization hypothesis, we calculate the weak-decay form factors from the overlapping integrals of meson wave functions, in the framework of the relativistic independent quark (RIQ) model. We find a few dominant decay modes: $$B^-\rightarrow D^{*0}\rho ^-$$

B
-

→

D

∗
0

ρ
-

, $$\bar{B^0}\rightarrow D^{*+}\rho ^-$$

B
0

¯

→

D

∗
+

ρ
-

, $$\bar{B_s^0}\rightarrow D_s^{*+}\rho ^-$$

B
s
0

¯

→

D
s

∗
+

ρ
-

, $$B^-\rightarrow J/\psi K^{*-}$$

B
-

→
J
/
ψ

K

∗
-

and $$B_c^-\rightarrow J/\psi D_s^{*-}$$

B
c
-

→
J
/
ψ

D
s

∗
-

with predicted branching fractions of 1.52, 1.40, 1.16, 0.46 and 0.27 (in $$\%$$
%
), which are experimentally accessible. The predicted branching fractions for corresponding decay modes to excited (2S) states, obtained in $${{\mathscr {O}} }(10^{-3}-10^{-4})$$

O
(

10

-
3

-

10

-
4

)

lie within the detection accuracy of the current experiments at LHCb and Tevatron. Our predicted CP-odd fractions ($$R_\perp $$

R
⊥

) for color-favored $$B_c$$

B
c

-decays to two charmful states ($$D^*D^*_{(s)}$$

D
∗

D

(
s
)

∗

) are found significant as compared to similar decay modes of other b-flavored mesons.
CYP2A6 Activity and Cigarette Consumption Interact in Smoking-Related Lung Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: Du Mulong , Xin Junyi , Zheng Rui , Yuan Qianyu , Wang Zhihui , Liu Hongliang , Liu Hanting , Cai Guoshuai , Albanes Demetrius , Lam Stephen , Tardon Adonina , Chen Chu , Bojesen Stig E. , Landi Maria Teresa , Johansson Mattias , Risch Angela , Bickeböller Heike , Wichmann H-Erich , Rennert Gad , Arnold Susanne , Brennan Paul , Field John K. , Shete Sanjay S. , Le Marchand Loïc , Liu Geoffrey , Andrew Angeline S. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Zienolddiny Shan , Grankvist Kjell , Johansson Mikael , Caporaso Neil E. , Cox Angela , Hong Yun-Chul , Yuan Jian-Min , Schabath Matthew B. , Aldrich Melinda C. , Wang Meilin , Shen Hongbing , Chen Feng , Zhang Zhengdong , Hung Rayjean J. , Amos Christopher I. , Wei Qingyi , Lazarus Philip , Christiani David C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Cigarette smoke, containing both nicotine and carcinogens, causes lung cancer. However, not all smokers develop lung cancer, highlighting the importance of the interaction between host susceptibility and environmental exposure in tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to delineate the interaction between metabolizing ability of tobacco carcinogens and smoking intensity in mediating genetic susceptibility to smoking-related lung tumorigenesis. Single-variant and gene-based associations of 43 tobacco carcinogen–metabolizing genes with lung cancer were analyzed using summary statistics and individual-level genetic data, followed by causal inference of Mendelian randomization, mediation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Cigarette smoke–exposed cell models were used to detect gene expression patterns in relation to specific alleles. Data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (29,266 cases and 56,450 controls) and UK Biobank (2,155 cases and 376,329 controls) indicated that the genetic variant rs56113850 C&gt;T located in intron 4 of CYP2A6 was significantly associated with decreased lung cancer risk among smokers (OR = 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.85–0.91, P = 2.18 × 10−16), which might interact (Pinteraction = 0.028) with and partially be mediated (ORindirect = 0.987) by smoking status. Smoking intensity accounted for 82.3% of the effect of CYP2A6 activity on lung cancer risk but entirely mediated the genetic effect of rs56113850. Mechanistically, the rs56113850 T allele rescued the downregulation of CYP2A6 caused by cigarette smoke exposure, potentially through preferential recruitment of transcription factor helicase-like transcription factor. Together, this study provides additional insights into the interplay between host susceptibility and carcinogen exposure in smoking-related lung tumorigenesis.

Significance:
The causal pathway connecting CYP2A6 genetic variability and activity, cigarette consumption, and lung cancer susceptibility in smokers highlights the need for behavior modification interventions based on host susceptibility for cancer prevention.
FAM3C in Cancer-Associated Adipocytes Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Metastasis
Authors: Kim Sahee , Oh Jiyoung , Park Chanho , Kim Min , Jo Woobeen , Kim Chu-Sook , Cho Sun Wook , Park Jiyoung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Adipose tissue within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in supporting breast cancer progression. In this study, we identified FAM3 metabolism-regulating signaling molecule C (FAM3C) produced by cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA) as a key regulator of tumor progression. FAM3C overexpression in cultured adipocytes significantly reduced cell death in both adipocytes and cocultured breast cancer cells while suppressing markers of fibrosis. Conversely, FAM3C depletion in CAAs resulted in adipocyte–mesenchymal transition (AMT) and increased fibrosis within the TME. Adipocyte FAM3C expression was driven by TGFβ signaling from breast cancer cells and was reduced upon treatment with a TGFβ-neutralizing antibody. FAM3C knockdown in CAAs early in tumorigenesis in a genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer significantly inhibited primary and metastatic tumor growth. Circulating FAM3C levels were elevated in patients with metastatic breast cancer compared with those with nonmetastatic breast cancer. These results suggest that therapeutic inhibition of FAM3C expression levels in CAAs during early tumor development could be a promising approach in the treatment of patients with breast cancer.

Significance:
High FAM3C levels in cancer-associated adipocytes contribute to tumor-supportive niches and are tightly associated with metastatic growth, indicating that FAM3C inhibition could be beneficial for treating patients with breast cancer.
Predictors of Intracranial Hemorrhage Volume Expansion in Patients Receiving Factor Xa Inhibitors in ANNEXA‐4: Time and Severity Matter Most
Authors: Concha Mauricio , Xu Lizhen , Horn MacKenzie , Ohara Tomoyuki , Nakamya Juliet , Beyer‐Westendorf Jan , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Cohen Alexander , Ladenvall Per , Connolly Stuart J. , Demchuk Andrew M. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Andexanet alfa, a specific reversal agent for factor Xa inhibitors, resulted in effective hemostasis in 79% of patients with intracranial bleeding in the ANNEXA‐4 (Andexanet Alfa, a Novel Antidote to the Anticoagulation Effects of Factor Xa Inhibitors) trial (NCT02329327). However, little is known about predictors associated with hematoma expansion in patients with factor Xa inhibitor–associated intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH) receiving andexanet alfa.

Methods
The ANNEXA‐4 trial was a prospective, single‐arm, open‐label study of andexanet alfa in patients with acute major bleeding within 18 hours after taking a factor Xa inhibitor. Hematoma volumes at baseline and 12 hours after andexanet alfa treatment were measured using a computerized‐assisted volumetric method. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of clinical and nonclinical parameters were performed to identify factors predictive of different volumes of hematoma expansion. To this end, an ICrH Expansion Scale was developed.

Results

Overall, 305 ANNEXA‐4 study patients with baseline and follow‐up imaging were included, 15.7% of whom showed evidence of any ICrH expansion ≥6‐mL. Patients with ≥6‐mL ICrH expansion had a significantly (
P<
0.05) higher proportion of ICrH with multiple compartment involvement (36% versus 14.3%); shorter times from symptom onset to baseline computed tomography (median, 1.6 hours [interquartile range (IQR), 1.2–4.3 hours] versus 3.7 hours [IQR, 1.6–7.0 hours]); lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (14 [IQR, 12–15] versus 15 [IQR, 14–15]); higher systolic blood pressure 15 minutes before andexanet alfa bolus (mean, 151.6 mm Hg [SD, 24.1 mm Hg] versus 143.3 mm Hg [SD, 22.3 mm Hg]); and larger median baseline ICrH volumes (29.3 mL [IQR, 13.3–50.8 mL] versus 8.6 mL [IQR, 2.1–22.4 mL]). Multivariable analysis confirmed shorter symptom onset‐to‐computed tomography time and larger ICrH volume as independent predictors of ≥6‐mL growth and ICrH Expansion Scale change. Lower Glasgow Coma Scale showed a trend (
P
= 0.06) as an independent predictor of ≥6‐mL growth but was an independent predictor of ICrH Expansion Scale change.

Conclusion
Shorter time from symptom onset to computed tomography, larger hematoma volumes, and lower Glasgow Coma Scale score at presentation increased the risk of ICrH expansion in patients with factor Xa inhibitor–associated ICrH treated with andexanet alfa.