bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of small rodents from open‐pit marble mining: effects on communities, populations, and individuals
Authors: WU Nan , WANG Yao , WANG Jie , ZHANG Yaqian , HU Baoshuang , GUO Jinyu , ZHENG Zhenfei , ZHOU Youbing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMining can significantly alter landscapes, impacting wildlife and ecosystem functionality. Natural recovery in open‐pit mines is vital for habitat restoration and ecosystem re‐establishment, although few empirical studies have examined this process. Here, we assessed temporal and spatial responses of small rodents at the community, population, and individual levels during natural mine recovery. We examined the abundance, reproductive potential, and individual health of small rodents at active mines and at former mine sites left to recover naturally for approx. 10 and 20 years. We also assessed the effects of disturbance on rodent recovery processes at three distances from the mine boundary. Rodent numbers peaked after 10–13 years of recovery and exhibited the strongest male bias in the sex ratio. The Chinese white‐bellied rat (Niviventer confucianus) was the most abundant species, achieving its highest population abundance at sites abandoned for 10–13 years and thriving at locations closer to the mine boundary. Only Chevrier's field mouse exhibited morphological responses to the mine recovery category. Ectoparasite load was unaffected by mine or distance‐disturbance categories. Both Chevrier's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) and the South China field mouse (Apodemus draco) were affected significantly by vegetation layer cover during recovery succession. Our study highlights the complexities of ecological succession, with a peak in abundance as pioneer communities transition toward a climax seral stage. Careful prior planning and active site management are necessary to optimize abandoned mine recovery. Efforts to accelerate mine recovery through technical restoration should promote conditions that initiate and perpetuate the establishment and succession of wildlife assemblages.
Changes in vegetation complexity during the development of rice ecosystems affect orb‐weaving spider‐prey trophic networks
Authors: Saksongmuang Venus , Michalko Radek , Petcharad Booppa , Bumrungsri Sara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Temporal change in vegetation complexity and field management may interactively affect the structure of predator–prey networks in agroecosystems and consequently alter the biocontrol potential of predators. There is a limited number of studies that have addressed these questions for generalist predator–prey networks.
We investigated how vegetation complexity during crop development and management type (conventional vs. organic) affect the trophic networks of orb‐weaving spiders and their prey in rainfed lowland rice ecosystems in southern Thailand. Specifically, we investigated orb‐weaving spiders and prey composition, prey selectivity and network structure.
Overall, orb‐weaving spiders captured mostly detritus‐associated Diptera, aquatic‐associated Ephemeroptera and Hemiptera pests. The increasing vegetation complexity during rice development significantly restructured the network of orb‐weaving spiders and prey, while field management had only a marginal effect. The increased vegetation complexity during rice development led to an increased number of weak trophic interactions in comparison to few but strong interactions in simple vegetation.
Our results indicate that increasing the number of spider species per prey taxon (prey vulnerability) in late rice season may enhance their top‐down control of prey including rice pests. This study also highlights that the network complexity and the stability of rice ecosystems increased during the rice growing season as the vegetation became more complex.
Future practices could look for a way to support the densities of detritus and aquatic insects and to artificially increase habitat complexity during the early stage of rice development to improve the biocontrol services provided by the orb‐weaving spiders.
Computed tomography and three dimensional anatomical study of the liver in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Dilek Ömer Gürkan , Dimitrov Rosen , Stamatova‐Yovcheva Kamelia , Ersen Mehmet , Yovchev David , Sabancı Seyyid Said , Karakurum Emine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFew instances of neoplastic formations in the liver of chinchillas have been found, even though the species is widely used in different scientific experiments. In the present article we investigate the anatomical features of the chinchilla's liver using CT and three dimension (3D) imaging. For the trials we used 12 (six males and six females) clinically healthy chinchillas all at 18 months of age. The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency. We used Th8 to L2 vertebrae and the sternum as bone markers for the transverse CT study. The investigated anatomical landmarks for the CT coronal study were the vertebrae, costal arch, soft abdominal wall, diaphragm, stomach and the right kidney. 3D reconstructions were accomplished with a specific imaging software. On transverse and coronal CT images, the chinchilla's liver was composed of lobus hepatis sinister lateralis, ‘middle lobe’–without proper Latin term in NAV 2017, lobus hepatis dexter and lobus caudatus. The ‘middle lobe’ was separated into the ‘left middle lobe’ and the ‘right middle lobe’. Lobus hepatis dexter consisted of lobus hepatis dexter medialis and lobus hepatis dexter lateralis. There was an anatomical relation between the liver, fundus ventriculi and corpus ventriculi. Proc. caudatus was in close contact with the right kidney. Vesica fellea was elongated and ellipsoid. 3D reformatted images confirmed the results obtained by transverse and coronal CT studies. The CT density of the liver in HU was 195.6 ± 73.1. The CT and 3D reconstructed images were visualized at high resolution. This data could be used as a basis for further morphological and imaging studies.
Phenotypic characteristics of Danish patients with achromatopsia
Authors: Andersen Mette K. G. , Bertelsen Mette , Gundestrup Svend , Grønskov Karen , Kessel Line 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo describe the phenotype of Danish patients with genetically verified achromatopsia (ACHM) with special focus on signs of progression on structural or functional parameters, and possible genotype–phenotype correlations.MethodsForty‐eight patients were identified, with disease‐causing variants in five different genes: CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C and PDE6H. Longitudinal evaluation was possible for 11 patients and 27 patients participated in a renewed in‐depth phenotyping consisting of visual acuity assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, colour vision evaluation, contrast sensitivity, mesopic microperimetry and full‐field electroretinography. Foveal morphology was evaluated based on OCT images for all 48 patients using a grading system based on the integrity of the hyperreflective photoreceptor band, the inner segment ellipsoid zone (ISe). Signs of progression were evaluated based on longitudinal data and correlation with age.ResultsWe found a statistically significant positive correlation between OCT grade and age (Spearman ρ = 0.62, p < 0.0001) and we observed changes in the foveal morphology in 2 of 11 patients with ≥5 years of follow‐up. We did not find any convincing correlation between age and functional parameters (visual acuity, retinal sensitivity and contrast sensitivity) nor did we find correlation between structural and functional parameters, or any clear genotype–phenotype correlation.ConclusionsSome patients with ACHM demonstrate signs of progressive foveal changes in OCT characteristics with increasing age. This is relevant in terms of possible new treatments. However, functional characteristics, such as visual acuity, remained stable despite changing foveal structure. Thus, seen from a patient perspective, ACHM can still be considered a non‐progressive condition.
Ghrelin and depressive symptoms in patients with first‐episode drug‐naïve major depressive disorder: The mediating role of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis
Authors: Zhang Chuhao , Dong Yeqing , Li ShuHua , Li Meijuan , Gao Ying , Liu Yuan , Liu Xueying , Zhou Chi , Li Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the global burdens of disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. An increasing amount of research indicates that ghrelin regulates mood in patients with MDD. Still, current results are inconsistent, and the mechanisms underlying how ghrelin modulates depressive symptoms are inconclusive, especially in first‐episode drug‐naïve MDD patients. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship and potential mechanism between ghrelin and first‐episode drug‐naïve MDD.MethodsNinety first‐episode drug‐naïve MDD patients and 65 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD‐17) as a measure of depressive symptoms. Plasma levels of ghrelin and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA‐axis) hormones were measured in all participants.ResultsCompared to HCs, the ghrelin levels were higher in the MDD (p < .001) and still showed significance after covarying for sex, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Ghrelin was positively related to corticotropin‐releasing‐hormone (CRH) levels (r = .867, p < .001), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels (r = .830, p < .001), and cortisol levels (r = .902, p < .001) in partial correlation analysis. In addition, there was a positive correlation between HAMD total score and ghrelin levels (r = .240, p = .026). Other than that, the HAMD total score also had a positive correlation with the CRH (r = .333, p = .002) and cortisol (r = .307, p = .004) levels. Further mediation analysis demonstrated that the relationship between ghrelin and HAMD total score was mediated by CRH (ab‐path; β = .4457, 95% CI = 0.0780–1.0253, c‐path; β = .2447, p = .0260, c′‐path; β = −.2009, p = .3427).ConclusionsThese findings revealed that plasma ghrelin provides a pivotal link to depressive symptoms in first‐episode drug‐naive MDD patients. CRH mediated the relationship between ghrelin and HAMD total score. It might provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of MDD, contributing to intervention and treatment from this approach.
Editorial: Enhancing frailty assessment in liver transplantation candidates—The role of the Duke Activity Status Index in predicting mortality and guiding prehabilitation
Authors: Harris Sara J. , Stine Jonathan G. 
Published: February 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Williams et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17834 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17874
TREM2 gene induces differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and promotes neuronal repair via TGF‐β activation in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liang Hanbai , Liu Ping , Wang Zijing , Xiong Huan , Yin Cheng , Zhao Dongdong , Wu Chunhui , Chen Longyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold a promising potential for rescuing dopaminergic neurons in therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). This study clarifies a TREM2‐dependent mechanism explaining the function of iPSC differentiation in neuronal repair of PD.MethodsPD‐related differentially expressed genes were screened by bioinformatics analyses and their expression was verified using RT‐qPCR in nigral tissues of 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mice. Following ectopic expression and depletion experiments in iPSCs, cell differentiation into dopaminergic neurons as well as the expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT was measured. Stereotaxic injection of 6‐OHDA was used to develop a mouse model of PD, which was injected with iPSC suspension overexpressing TREM2 to verify the effect of TREM2 on neuronal repair.ResultsTREM2 was poorly expressed in the nigral tissues of 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mice. In the presence of TREM2 overexpression, the iPSCs showed increased expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT, which facilitated the differentiation of iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Mechanistic investigations indicated that TREM2 activated the TGF‐β pathway and induced iPSC differentiation into dopaminergic neurons. In vivo data showed that iPSCs overexpressing TREM2 enhanced neuronal repair in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mice.ConclusionThis work identifies a mechanistic insight for TREM2‐mediated TGF‐β activation in the regulation of neuronal repair in PD and suggests novel strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
Multifaceted well‐being experienced by community dwelling older adults engaged in volunteering activities of frailty prevention in Japan
Authors: Matsuda Yaka , Baba Ayako , Sugawara Ikuko , Son Bo‐Kyung , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: February 2024

AimThis study aims to elucidate what volunteering activities mean for older adults in Japan by analyzing their emotions and evaluations from hedonic (e.g., happiness), eudaimonic (e.g., self‐growth), and social (e.g., social coherence) well‐being.MethodsThe qualitative research was conducted to describe the subjective experience of older adults' volunteering activities (frailty checkups) in the community‐setting. Eight older adults were interviewed about their experiences during these activities. The interview data were analyzed from two assumption frameworks: first, three aspects of well‐being, and second, timeframes of well‐being, during the activity, medium‐term, and long‐term. Previous studies have not focused on the polysemy or the timeframe of well‐being.ResultsOur results showed that hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well‐being are not independent, but overlap. Furthermore, even if older adults experience certain emotions at a point of time, they may change in the long term. This implies that it is important to analyze older adults' feelings and experiences from not only one aspect but from different perspectives and measure their feelings not just at a particular moment but in the long term. This is the first empirical study to examine qualitatively the holistic experiences of well‐being among older adults who volunteer.ConclusionsWe conclude that this study is unique in that it attempted to associate empirically the experiences of older adults during volunteering with their general psychological status of well‐being. These findings could help make volunteering activities more meaningful for older adults and create or promote an active community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 273–278.
‘I am proud of how I handled it’. Exploring the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related restrictions on well‐being of adults with severe mental illness using qualitative methods
Authors: van Rijn L. , Metz M. J. , van der Velden P. R. , Mathijsen P. , Swildens W. E. , Schellekens A. F. A. , Cahn W. , Milota M. M. , Zinkstok J. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and related restrictions globally impacted mental health, particularly for those with pre‐existing severe mental illness (SMI). This qualitative study examined how adults with SMI perceived the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related restrictions in the Netherlands, focusing on their personal recovery, well‐being and daily life, including an exploration of factors influencing these effects.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied. Purposive sampling was used to ensure diversity of individuals with SMI (i.e., age, gender, diagnosis, cultural background and mental healthcare institution).ResultsTwenty participants (median age: 45 years [SD: 12, 8]; 11 females) were interviewed between May and July 2023. Findings revealed a wide range of experiences: while some individuals reported a negative impact on their existing psychiatric symptoms, others described adaptability, resilience and even positive effects of COVID‐19 restrictions on their mental health and well‐being. Factors influencing the heterogeneic perceptions of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related restrictions include the availability of trusted social relationships and enduring interactions with health professionals.ConclusionPersonalised support, both socially and professionally, is crucial for addressing fears, building resilience, reducing isolation and encouraging positive coping strategies for individuals with SMI during external crises. In this project, a participatory research approach that integrated the lived experience perspective helped uncover the unique perceptions of people with SMI with regard to the pandemic and related restrictions.Patient or Public ContributionThe study used a participatory action research approach, with experts‐by‐experience involved in every stage of the project as part of the research team. This included engagement with the funding application process, recruitment strategies for interviews, developing the interview guide, piloting the interview, interpreting findings, and knowledge dissemination activities.
Mental health recovery in a collectivist society: Saudi consumers, carers and nurses' shared perspectives
Authors: Hawsawi Tahani , Appleton Jessica , Al‐Adah Rawan , Al‐Mutairy Abdulraheem , Sinclair Peter , Wilson Amanda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn 2019, the World Health Organization urged a global shift towards recovery‐focused practices in mental health care. In Western nations, this transition often prioritised individualism over collectivism. In contrast, collectivist societies prioritise recovery through community and social support. This study explored mental health recovery from the perspectives of consumers, carers and registered nurses in a mainly collectivist society (Saudi Arabia) using a qualitative exploratory descriptive design. Sixteen consumers, ten carers and eight registered nurses participated in online semi‐structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to analyse English‐translated versions of the 34 interviews. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies 32‐item checklist were used. The study found that recovery was perceived as a process of transforming towards living a meaningful life of goals and values supported by trusted people who share moments of comfort and empowerment. A unique finding was the ‘bond of recovery’ a collectivist value that aid consumers' community integration in society. Saudi consumers' experiences of recovery were similar to consumers' movement narratives of recovery. Future research should establish a recovery‐focused educational program that incorporates our findings into a recovery‐oriented approach. This will facilitate providing a collaborative care between consumers, carers and nurses that centres around consumers' recovery goals and values.
Atrial fibrillation and risk of adverse outcomes in heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kroshian Garen , Joseph Jacob , Kinlay Scott , Peralta Adelqui O. , Hoffmeister Peter S. , Singh Jagmeet P. , Yuyun Matthew F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently co‐exist. Contemporary classification of HF categorizes it into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Aggregate data comparing the risk profile of AF between these three HF categories are lacking.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed at determining any significant differences in AF‐associated all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, cardiovascular mortality (CV), and stroke between HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until February 28, 2023. Data were combined using DerSimonian‐Laird random effects model.ResultsA total of 22 studies comprising 248 323 patients were retained: HFrEF 123 331 (49.7%), HFmrEF 40 995 (16.5%), and HFpEF 83 997 (33.8%). Pooled baseline AF prevalence was 36% total population, 30% HFrEF, 36% HFmrEF, and 42% HFpEF. AF was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality in the total population with pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07−1.21), HFmrEF (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05−1.50) and HFpEF (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09−1.24), but not HFrEF (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.93−1.14). AF was associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalizations in the total population (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14−1.46), HFmrEF (HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.20−2.24), and HFpEF (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.17−1.83), but not HFrEF (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87−1.18). AF was only associated with CV in the HFpEF subcategory but was associated with stroke in all three HF subtypes.ConclusionsAF appears to be associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization in HFmrEF and HFpEF. With these findings, the paucity of data and treatment guidelines on AF in the HFmrEF subgroup becomes even more significant and warrant further investigations.
Gut bacterial community of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is driven by rice varieties
Authors: Lin Sheng , Zhang Bang , Li Qiang , Li Xue‐wen , Guo Qi‐tang , Chen Wen‐le , Jiao Hui‐yu , Akutse Komivi Senyo , Zhu Xiang‐zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo understand the effect of diet on gut bacteria of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaf folder, RLF), we compared the composition and diversity of gut bacterial community in C. medinalis larvae collected from three different rice variety fields of Minghui 82 (RLF1), Youngyong 15 (RLF2) and Minghui 2155 (RLF3), using culture‐independent PCR (V3 variable region)‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) methods and hypervariable region (V4) of 16S rRNA sequenced by Illumina HiSeq platform. The DGGE result showed that the bacteria genera Asaia, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter and Serratia coexisted in the guts of RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3, while Cedecea, Burkholderia and Acinetobacter coexisted in the guts of RLF2 and RLF3. However, only the genus Enterococcus existed in the guts of RLF1, and Pantoea, Wolbachia and Tumebacillus in RLF3 larvae. A total of 25 bacterial phyla, 48 classes, 127 orders, 223 families, and 406 genera were identified when using 16s RNA sequencing, with 35 genera coexisted in RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3 larval guts, while 83, 36, 141 unique genera existed in RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3, respectively. The indices of ACE and Shannon were not significantly different among RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3. The dominant bacterial taxa were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Acinetobacter and Wolbachia at the genus level. The relative genus abundance for the genera with relative abundance (≥0.01) was significantly different among RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3. The findings indicated that different rice varieties had significant effects on the relative abundance of gut bacteria in RLF, which could provide new insights into the relationship between insect gut bacteria and their associated host plants.