bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and Geographic Differences in Mammography Trends Following the 2009 USPSTF Policy Update
Authors: Semprini Jason , Saulsberry Loren , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceIn 2024, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) reversed a 2009 policy recommending only females aged 50 to 74 years complete a biennial mammogram. Understanding whether females facing heterogeneous breast cancer risks responded to the 2009 guidance may illuminate how they may respond to the latest policy update.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the 2009 policy was associated with changes in mammography screening in females no longer recommended to complete a biennial mammogram and whether these changes varied by factors associated with breast cancer risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe difference-in-differences design compared biennial mammogram trends in the exposed groups (aged 40-49 and ≥75 years) with trends of the unexposed groups (aged 50-64 and 65-74 years), before and after the 2009 update. Population-based, repeated cross-sectional survey data came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) biennial cancer screening module (2000-2018). The sample was restricted to females between ages 40 and 84 years. Data were analyzed from March 1 to June 30, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome was a binary variable indicating whether the respondent reported a mammogram in the past 2 years (biennial). After 2009, females aged 40 to 49 and 75 or older years were exposed to the policy update, as a complete biennial mammogram was recommended. Subgroup analyses included race and ethnicity, educational level, household income, smoking history, current binge drinking status, and state of residence.ResultsThe sample included 1 594 834 females; 75% reported a biennial mammogram. In those aged 40 to 49 years, the USPSTF update was associated with a 1.1 percentage-point (95% CI, −1.8% to −0.3 percentage points) decrease in the probability of a biennial mammogram, with the largest decreases in the non-Hispanic Black population (−3.0 percentage points; 95% CI, −5.5% to −0.5 percentage points). In the aged 75 years or older group, the USPSTF update was associated with a 4.8 percentage-point decrease (95% CI, −6.3% to −3.5 percentage points) in the probability of a biennial mammogram, with significant heterogeneity by race and ethnicity, binge drinking status, and state residence.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, socioeconomic factors were associated with differences in how females responded to the 2009 USPSTF mammography recommendation. Whether the 2024 update considered such differences is unclear. These findings suggest that including risk assessment into future USPSTF policy updates may improve adoption of risk-reducing interventions and shorten the time to diagnosis and treatment for high-risk patients.
High‐precision localization of radiation isocenter using Winston‐Lutz test: Impact of collimator angle, phantom position, and field size
Authors: Du Weiliang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of collimator angle, ball bearing (BB) phantom position, and field size on the accuracy of Winston‐Lutz (WL) test–derived radiation isocenters.MethodsWL tests were performed on four TrueBeam linear accelerators. Fifty‐six images (eight gantry angles multiplied by seven collimator angles) were acquired for each WL test. Images with different sets of collimator angles were used to compute the radiation isocenters. The resulting radiation isocenters were correlated with the collimator angles. Then, the BB position and radiation field size were varied for the subsequent WL tests. The calculated BB shifts were compared with the known shifts, and the radiation isocenters were compared between different field sizes.ResultsThe use of a single collimator angle led to errors of as much as 0.4 mm in the calculated radiation isocenters. Systematic differences were observed between the radiation isocenters derived with collimator angle 0° and those derived with 90° and/or 270°. A commonly used opposing collimator angle pair, 90° and 270°, resulted in a vertical 0.1 mm offset of the radiation isocenters toward the ceiling. Oblique opposite or mixed collimator angles yielded radiation isocenter errors less than 0.1 mm. The BB shifts derived from WL tests were less than 0.1 mm from the known shifts. The radiation isocenters varied by less than 0.1 mm between field sizes ranging from 2 × 2 cm2 to 20 × 20 cm2.ConclusionsOblique opposing collimator angle pairs should be considered to minimize errors in localizing radiation isocenters. Uncertainty in BB positioning could be eliminated if the BB is used as a static reference point in space. The field size had no significant effect on the radiation isocenters. With careful design of WL test parameters and image processing, it is possible to achieve a precision of 0.1 mm in localizing radiation isocenters using WL tests.
Biomimetic Design of Photothermal/Electrothermal Fabric Composed of Carbon‐Core/Nanorod‐Array‐Shell Fibers for Efficient All‐Weather Seawater Evaporation
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Chen Yonghang , Zhu Bo , Salimi Mohsen , Zhang Lisha , Amidpour Majid , Zhu Meifang , Chen Zhigang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSunlight/electricity‐driven thermal evaporation has been demonstrated as a promising strategy to obtain distilled water from seawater, but their practical applications are still limited by unsatisfactory photoabsorption and serious water‐electrolysis during photothermal/electrothermal evaporation. Inspired by Paradisaeidae's feather and electric kettle, the biomimetic design of photothermal/electrothermal fabrics for realizing all‐weather evaporation is reported. The fabrics are composed of fiber bundles with carbon fiber (CF) as the core and polypyrrole‐decorated TiO2 nanorod‐array as a shell. Such CF/TiO2/PPy fabric exhibits broad‐spectral (280–2500 nm) photoabsorption with an efficiency of 95.5% due to the light‐trapping effect, and it shows an evaporation rate (2.2 kg m−2 h−1) under 1 sun. Additionally, CF/TiO2/PPy fabric demonstrates good electrothermal performance with suppressed water‐electrolysis owing to the conductivity of CF and shielding effect of the nanorod‐array‐shell, resulting in high evaporation rate of 7.9 kg m−2 h−1 under 3 V. Importantly, by the combined effects of 1 sun and 3 V, CF/TiO2/PPy fabric achieves an exciting evaporation rate of 9.1 kg m−2 h−1, even without solid‐salt accumulation in the long‐term evaporation process (10 h), benefiting from efficient photo/electrothermal conversion and sufficient water‐supplementation from thermosiphon effect. Thus, the present biomimetic design of photothermal/electrothermal fabric supplies a new path to realize efficient all‐weather seawater evaporation.
A Water State Manipulation Strategy for Ultra‐Stiff Yet Highly Sensitive Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Ye Shuling , Yang Yaolong , He Rubin , Lin Jun , Hong Zeyang , Yuan Conghui , Dai Lizong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHydrogels in water or aqueous solutions swell or shrink unidirectionally until reaching an equilibrium state, which has been extensively studied through both experimental analysis and theoretical prediction. In this work, an unexpected concurrent swelling and deswelling behavior of hydrogels is reported, which manipulates the water state in the polymer networks. The osmotic pressure‐driven rapid deswelling and the ionic electrostatic repulsion‐driven slow swelling of hydrogels occur simultaneously, affording double‐layered polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels, in which the rigid inner layer does not contains free water, while the soft outer layer comprises both bound and free water. The PAM hydrogels show uniaxial tensile fracture strengths and Young's moduli up to 104.2 MPa and 2.4 GPa, respectively, outperforming various polymeric and biological structural materials. This strategy is applicable to the general molding and three‐dimensional (3D) printing techniques, providing wide possibilities for engineering applications. Such strong and rigid hydrogels can simultaneously serve as structural materials for load‐bearing and act as functional materials for super‐stress (25 to 6000 N) and highly adaptable tactile sensing. These findings enrich the hydrogel swell/deswelling theory and broaden the engineering applications of hydrogels as structural materials.
Sequential Stimuli‐Response System of Eu‐MOF Isomers
Authors: Fan Wenwen , Cheng Yi , He Runying , Feng Mingxia , Zhou Qian , Ma Xiurong , Liu Yanxiong , Shi Yonggang , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMultiple stimuli‐responsive materials hold excellent potential for the next generation smart materials owing to their unique response to external stimuli, providing a powerful impetus for the development of intelligent optical devices. The stimuli‐responsive behavior of common multiple stimuli‐responsive materials are independent of each other, causing the lack of multiplicity and identification for information technology, which is easy to decode. Herein, QIPA‐Eu‐1 and QIPA‐Eu‐2 isomers were prepared from QIPA and EuCl3·6H2O in different solvent thermal conditions for building sequential stimuli‐response (SSR) system. Solvent‐driven structural transformations of the isomers into QIPA‐Eu‐3 occurred, along with color change and fluorescence emission variation ascribed to the generation of QIPA aggregates. Furthermore, QIPA‐Eu‐3 displayed excellent photochromic behaviors. Combining theoretical calculation with well‐defined experiments to reveal the mechanism, it was found that light drove the change in the dihedral angles between the quinoline nucleus and adjacent benzene rings in QIPA aggregates. Finally, on the basis of sequential stimuli‐induced stepwise responsive behavior of QIPA‐Eu‐1, the sequential logic gate and time‐dependent fluorescence dynamic anti‐counterfeiting pattern were successfully constructed. This study provided a new perspective for design and construction of SSR system, which showed promising potential in the fields of data transmission and information encryption.
Anti‐Self‐Discharge Capability of Zn‐Halogen Batteries Through an Entrapment‐Adsorption‐Catalysis Strategy Built Upon Separator
Authors: Yang Jie , Dai Qiqi , Hou Shuang , Han Cuiping , Zhao Lingzhi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAqueous Zn‐halogen batteries (Zn‐I2/Br2) suffer from grievous self‐discharge behavior, resulting in irreversible loss of active cathode material and severe corrosion of zinc anode, which ultimately leads to rapid battery failure. Herein, an entrapment‐adsorption‐catalysis strategy is reported, leveraging Zn─Mn atom pairs‐modified glass fiber separator (designated as ZnMn‐NC/GF), to effectively mitigate the self‐discharge phenomenon. The in situ Raman and UV experiments, along with theoretical calculations, confirmed the single‐atom Mn sites are responsible for polyiodides adsorption, while Zn─Mn atom pairs facilitated the conversion of reaction intermediates. As a result, the utilization rate of cathode active species is enhanced through this ZnMn‐NC/GF separator. The fully charged Zn‐I2 battery assembled with ZnMn‐NC/GF maintained a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90.1% after being left for 120 h, as well as a capacity retention rate of 95.3% after 30000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. Additionally, the Zn‐Br2 battery designed with ZnMn‐NC/GF separator can withstand more serious self‐discharge problems of bromine species, with an average discharge voltage platform of 1.75 V at 0.5 A g−1. The self‐discharge problem of aqueous Zn‐halogen batteries is significantly suppressed by this entrapment‐adsorption‐catalysis strategy, which can serve as a crucial reference for the advancement of high‐performance aqueous Zn‐halogen batteries.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)–H and C(sp2)–C(sp2) Bond Activation of Aryl Oximes with CF3‐Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Access to N‐(2‐Cyanoaryl)‐3‐(Trifluoromethyl)isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐Imines
Authors: Li Pinyi , Chen Jian , Yang Zuguang , Chen Zhengkai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed redox‐neutral C−H and C−C bond activation reaction of aryl oximes and CF3‐substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides (TFISYs) has been described, producing a wide variety of N‐(2‐cyanoaryl)‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐imines in moderate to excellent yields. The transformation might involve a consecutive C(sp2)–H bond activation, intramolecular spiro‐cyclization, C−C bond activation and N−O bond cleavage sequence. This developed protocol provides a direct entry to diverse trifluoromethyl and nitrile‐containing heterocycles with the generation of water and dimethyl sulfoxide as by‐products.
Targeting intracellular autophagic process for the treatment of post‐stroke ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Hu Jun , Hu Zekai , Xia Jiayi , Chen Yeping , Cordato Dennis , Cheng Qi , Wang Jie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important pathophysiological condition of ischemic stroke that involves a variety of physiological and pathological cell death pathways, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and phagoptosis, among which autophagy is the most studied. We have reviewed studies published in the past 5 years regarding the association between autophagy and cerebral I/R injury. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article summarizing potential candidates targeting autophagic pathways in the treatment of I/R injury post ischemic stroke. The findings of this review may help to better understand the pathogenesis and mechanisms of I/R events and bridge the gap between basic and translational research that may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for I/R injury.
Animal models for abdominal aortic aneurysms: Where we are and where we need to go
Authors: Tian Kangli , Malik Fizza , Zhao Sihai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe mortality rate of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) after rupture is extremely high, and this disease has become an important disease endangering the health of the Chinese population. Methods used to model AAA include intraluminal pressurized elastase infusion, chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) via an osmotic pump, periarterial application of calcium chloride, vascular grafting, and gene modification. AAA models induced by elastase and Ang II are the two most widely used animal models. In the elastase‐induced model, because intraluminal infusion is transient, with the cessation of initial stimulation, the aneurysm lesion tends to be stable and rarely ruptures. The model induced by Ang II infusion often presents with a typical aortic dissection with a false lumen, whereas clinical AAA patients do not necessarily have dissection. Currently, the treatment of AAA in clinical practice remains endovascular, and there is a lack of pharmacological therapy, which is also related to the fact that the pathogenic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Smoking, old age, male sex, and hypertension are the main risk factors for AAA, but these risk factors have not been fully investigated in the current modeling methods, which may affect the clinical translational application of research results based on animal models. Therefore, this article reviews the most commonly used AAA modeling methods, comments on their applications and limitations, and provides a perspective on the development of novel animal models.
Intrinsic Distortion against Jahn‐Teller Distortion: A New Paradigm for High‐Stability Na‐Ion Layered Mn‐Rich Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Jin Junteng , Wang Yao , Zhao Xudong , Hu Yang , Li Tianyu , Liu Hui , Zhong Yi , Jiao Lifang , Liu Yongchang , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLayered manganese‐rich oxides (LMROs) are widely recognized as the leading cathode candidates for grid‐scale sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high specific capacities and cost benefits, but the notorious Jahn‐Teller (J‐T) distortion of Mn3+ always induces severe structural degradation and consequent rapid cathode failure, impeding the practical implementation of such materials. Herein, we unveil the “intrinsic distortion against J‐T distortion” mechanism to effectively stabilize the layered frameworks of LMRO cathodes. The intrinsic distortion simply constructed by introducing bulk oxygen vacancies is systematically confirmed by advanced synchrotron X‐ray techniques, atomic‐scale imaging characterizations, and theoretical computations, which can counteract the J‐T distortion during cycling due to their opposite deformation orientations. This greatly decreases and uniformizes the lattice strain within the ab plane and along the c axis of the material, thereby alleviating the P2‐P′2 phase transition as well as suppressing the edge dislocation and intragranular crack formation upon repeated cycles. As a result, the tailored P2‐Na0.72Mg0.1Mn0.9O2 cathode featuring intrinsic distortion delivers a considerably enhanced cycling durability (91.9 % capacity retention after 500 cycles) without sacrificing the Mn3+/Mn4+ redox capacity (186.5 mAh g−1 at 0.3 C). This intrinsic distortion engineering paves a brand‐new and prospective avenue toward achieving high‐performance LMRO cathodes for SIBs.
NIR‐II Emissive Oligonucleotides Grafted π‐Conjugated Polymers for Low‐Temperature Photothermal and Gene Combined Therapy
Authors: Fan Guiling , Hou Shengxin , Gu Ying , Jiang Hengfeng , Zhang Wenkang , Wu Weitao , Wang Mengying , Tian Leilei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn order to address the strong hydrophobicity and function limitation of NIR‐II emissive phototheranostic π‐conjugated polymers (CPs), appropriate modifications are necessary to impart water dispersibility and functionality to CPs. This study uses DNA as the hydrophilic and functional unit to modify CPs, synthesizing CP‐g‐DNA amphiphilic copolymers and producing water‐dispersible oligonucleotide‐modified π‐conjugated polymer nanoparticles (OCPNs) by self‐assembly. In addition to DNA′s gene regulation abilities that can combine with the low‐temperature photothermal therapy of CPs for enhanced tumor therapy, OCPNs display unique characteristics as novel nanomaterials. On one side, DNA changes the π–π interactions and results in a two‐fold enhancement in NIR‐II fluorescence emission, which greatly benefits tumor imaging. On the other side, DNA varies the surface properties of OCPNs and the nano‐bio interactions. OCPNs exhibit multiple cellular internalization pathways, including caveolae/lipid raft‐mediated uptake for cytoplasm delivery, which may enhance gene transfection combined with the photothermal‐promoted lysosome escape. Moreover, OCPNs can quickly accumulate in tumors due to their higher tissue penetration capability. Taken together, a strategy of using DNA to enable and advance the phototheranostic applications of CPs has been demonstrated, and the distinct properties of OCPNs will open up new biological application opportunities in the future.
Preparation of Degradable and Sequence‐Controlled Aliphatic Polysulfones by Group Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Gao Kexiong , Wang Xianjin , Wang Tongkun , Song Silin , Zhu Chen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe incorporation of sulfur atoms into polymer backbones for the synthesis of sulfur‐containing polymers, such as aliphatic polysulfones, not only enhances degradability but also imparts many distinctive properties to these materials. Traditional synthetic methods encounter substantial challenges in achieving sequence‐controlled aliphatic polysulfones with high molecular weights (MW), which significantly limits their applications. We report a novel approach for synthesizing aliphatic polysulfones using the strategy of sulfonyl radical‐mediated group transfer radical polymerization (GTRP). This protocol employs a practical SO2‐free pathway and produces a series of ABC sequence‐defined high‐MW polymers (up to 199.2 kg/mol). The resultant aliphatic polysulfone exhibits remarkable full‐degradability at ambient temperature under strong basic conditions, and offers optical properties – including refractive index and Abbe number – comparable to those of commercially utilized polycarbonate. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to corroborate the non‐desulfonylative Smiles rearrangement mechanism implicated in the GTRP process.
In‐tandem Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia on Ultrathin‐Sheet‐Assembled Iron‐Nickel Alloy Nanoflowers
Authors: Chandra Majhi Kartick , Chen Hongjiang , Batool Asma , Zhu Qi , Jin Yangxin , Liu Shengqin , Sit Patrick H.‐L. , Chun‐Ho Lam Jason 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of alternative routes for ammonia (NH3) synthesis with high Faradaic efficiency (FE) is crucial for energy conservation and to achieve zero carbon emissions. Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3−) reduction to NH3 (e‐NO3RRA) is a promising alternative to the energy‐intensive, fossil‐fuel‐driven Haber–Bosch process. The implementation of this innovative NH3 synthesis technique requires an efficient electrocatalyst and in‐depth mechanistic understanding of e‐NO3RRA. In this study, we developed an ultrathin sheet (μm) iron–nickel nanoflower alloy through electrodeposition and used it for e‐NO3RRA under alkaline conditions. The prepared Fe−Ni alloy exhibited an FE of 97.28±1.36 % at −238 mVRHE and an NH3 yield rate up to 3999.1±242.59 μg h−1 cm−2. Experimental electrolysis, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations showed that the adsorption and reduction of NO3− to NO2− occurred on the Fe surface, whereas subsequent hydrogenation of NO2− to NH3 occurred preferentially on the Ni surface. The catalysts exhibited comparable FE for at least 10 cycles, with a long‐term stability of 216 h. Electron paramagnetic resonance results confirmed that adsorbed hydrogen was consumed during e‐NO3RRA. This work introduces a sustainable, robust, and efficient Fe−Ni alloy electrocatalyst, offering an environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing NH3 from NO3−‐contaminated water.
An Authentic Al=Si Double Bond
Authors: Parvin Nasrina , Ankur  , Morgenstern Bernd , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAluminatasilenes are the elusive heavier counterparts of the well‐known borataalkenes in which the B=C double bond is formally replaced by an Al=Si moiety. We report the isolation of a four‐membered anionic AlSi3 cycle with a bona fide Al=Si double bond, which is obtained by the reaction of 2 eq. of disilenide Tip2Si=SiTipLi with H2AlCl (Tip=2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl). X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis spectroscopy and computational analysis confirm the double bond character with a very short Al−Si bond of 2.283(1) Å and high Wiberg bond index (WBI) of 1.31. Intramolecular C−H activation by the Al=Si bond and the reactions with sulfur sources confirm typical double bond reactivity.