bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐20  Clinical, cytopathological and histopathological evaluation of sporotrichosis in experimentally infected cats
Authors: Farias M. R. , Franco S. R. V. S. , Fabris V. E. 
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological aspects of experimental sporotrichosis in cats and compare the sensitivity of cytopathology, histopathology and culture as diagnostic tools in different phases of the infection. Twenty adult, mixed‐breed cats (10 males and 10 females) were inoculated subcutaneously with 106 fungal microorganisms. Clinical examination was performed weekly. Cytopathologic, histopathologic and culture examinations were performed at 15, 30 and 60 days postinoculation. Culture of multiple organs was performed after euthanasia at 30 (10 cats) and 60 (10 cats) days postinoculation. Friedman parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis were applied to the results. The nodular, tumoral and necrotic lesionsprogressed significantly until day 30 postinoculation, and partial spontaneous regression occurred at day 60, particularly in males. An intense inflammatory pyogranulatomous and lymphocytic infiltrate with rare giant cells and sparse fibrosis associated with numerous, pleomorphic, intra‐ and extracellular fungal cells were observed on day 30. These findings gradually decreased by day 60. Despite the inflammatory granuloma associated with feline sporotrichosis, a tendency for dissemination was observed, with fungal isolation in the lymph nodes, spleen and liver at the 30 and 60 days postinoculation. No significant differences were observed between cytopathology, histopathology and fungal culture during the different phases of the disease. Therefore, cytological examination was considered a simple, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic method at all stages of this disease. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐21  Comparison of a permethrin‐pyriproxyfen spray and fipronil spot‐on used alone in a therapeutic trial for the diagnosis of canine flea allergy dermatitis
Authors: Jasmin P. , Briggs M. , Schroeder H. , Sanquer A. 
Published: August 2004

This randomized clinical trial compared two parasiticides [permethrin‐pyriproxyfen spray (Duogard® Spray/Duowin® Spray) and fipronil spot‐on (Frontline® Spot‐on)] for use in the diagnosis of canine flea allergy dermatitis (FAD). Dogs with a flea infestation, minimum FAD clinical score and a positive intradermal test were treated with either one of the parasiticides applied three times at 1‐week intervals. It was required that the dogs live partially outdoors, with at least one nontreated in‐contact pet, and an environment that had not been treated within the previous year. Both groups were compared for clinical improvement and the number of dogs showing a positive response to the therapeutic test (defined as > 75% clinical improvement). Twenty‐seven dogs were included; two were lost to follow‐up, 12 were treated with the spray and 13 with the spot‐on. Mean scores for pruritus and lesions decreased rapidly in the permethrin‐pyriproxyfen spray group, but more slowly in the fipronil spot‐on group. There was a significant difference between the two groups at all consultation time points (P < 0.05). After 3 weeks, responses were positive in all dogs treated with the permethrin‐pyriproxyfen spray, and significantly higher than with the fipronil spot‐on (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of the therapeutic trial was 100% for the spray and 31% for the spot‐on. Negative predictive values varied from 14 to 65% with the spot‐on and were 100% with the spray. No adverse effects were observed. The permethrin‐pyriproxyfen spray can be recommended as a useful product to perform a therapeutic trial in confirming a diagnosis of FAD in dogs. Funding: Virbac SA.
P‐22  Mites of interest in canine and feline dermatology: evaluation of their survival and structural integrity in oil preparations for microscopy
Authors: Manigot G. A. 
Published: August 2004

Diagnostic dilemmas often arise when veterinary practitioners suspect a parasitic skin disease but direct microscopy of collected samples are negative. It has been suggested that the delay between collection of the sample in the veterinary practice and evaluation at the referral laboratory results in parasite lysis. This study was performed to determine if delay in processing the samples may lead to negative results. A further aim was to determine if using other oil media (when mineral oil was not available) would result in parasite modification. One‐hundred samples of skin scrapings and otic smears in several oil media from dogs and cats diagnosed as positive for several mites of dermatological importance were kept under room conditions and evaluated over a 21‐day period for mite survival and retention of recognizable structural features. Mineral oil, kitchen grade olive oil, pharmaceutical grade baby oil and glycerin were used as oily media to process the samples. At the end of the study, mite survival rate was established between 2 and 5 days. Sarcoptes and Otodectes mites survived the longest. After 21 days of observation, all parasites and their eggs still remained recognizable, no matter which oil medium was used. It was concluded that a delay in the submission of samples does not result in negative findings. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐24  Efficacy of selamectin in canine scabies and ear mite infestation in Korea
Authors: Oh T. H. , Oh W. S. , Kim S. R. , Oh H. Y. , Hoh W. P. , Jeong A. Y. , Jeong H. H. , Park S. J. 
Published: August 2004

A randomized and controlled field study was performed in canine patients to evaluate the efficacy of selamectin in the treatment of naturally occurring Sarcoptes scabiei and Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs. A total of 227 dogs from six veterinary practices in South Korea were included. Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment with selamectin or a positive‐control product. Selamectin was administered as a unit dose providing a minimum of 6 mg/kg in a topical preparation applied to the skin in a single spot on days 0 and 30 [S. scabiei (n = 113) and O. cynotis (n = 114)]. The presence of parasites was assessed before treatment and at 14, 30 and 60 days after the initiation of treatment. The animals were evaluated clinically at each assessment period. Based on skin scrapings, the efficacy of selamectin against S. scabiei infestations on dogs was >95% by day 30, and 100% by day 60. Against O. cynotis, selamectin eliminated mites in 100% of dogs by day 60. However, clinical signs of pruritus, erythema, scale, and crusted papules did not diminish concomittantly with resolution of S. scabiei in skin scrapings. The positive‐control products achieved similar results. Therefore, selamectin was safe and effective against sarcoptic mange and ear mites in dogs. Funding: Pfizer Animal Health.
P‐25  Sensitivity of deep skin scrapings, hair pluckings and exudate microscopy in the diagnosis of canine demodicosis
Authors: Saridomichelakis M. N. , Koutinas A. F. , Farmaki R. , Leontides L. 
Published: August 2004

Diagnosis of canine demodicosis is mainly based on mite detection in deep skin scrapings (DSS). Hair pluckings (HP) are also helpful, whereas the diagnostic value of exudate microscopy (EM) has never been assessed. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of DSS, HP and EM in the various clinical forms of canine demodicosis. A total of 68 dogs with localized (45.6%) or generalized (54.4%) demodicosis, juvenile‐onset (92.6%) or adult‐onset (7.4%) demodicosis were included. Pyoderma was present on 41.2% of cases and absent in 58.8% of cases. One lesion per dog was selected for obtaining one HP, DSS and EM sample, the latter only in 14 cases demonstrating visible exudate. Mineral oil DSS and EM microscopy was focused on a 2.2 × 2.2 mm area, while a total of 100 hair shafts were evaluated by trichogram. At least one parasite was seen in 83.8% of HP, 98.5% of DSS and 100% of EM slides. The sensitivity of HP was higher in the generalized (P = 0.001) and pyoderma‐affected (P = 0.021) cases compared to the localized and noninfected cases. A higher sensitivity of DSS compared to HP was demonstrated in the localized (P = 0.004) and noninfected (P = 0.002) cases. In conclusion, HP should be viewed as a useful diagnostic tool in generalized and infected canine demodicosis, while EM is useful in all deep pyoderma‐associated cases. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐26  New aspects of canine demodicosis and the possibility of treatment with selamectin
Authors: Tarpataki N. , Kadocsa E. , Vörös K. 
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 55 clinical cases of canine demodicosis and to compare the results of treatment using amitraz (solution), selamectin (spot‐on), ivermectin (injection) and cythioate (oral tablets). Data from the 55 cases was collected and evaluated after clinical and microbiological examination. Treatment was selected depending on the severity of demodicosis and compliance of the owner. The cases were followed for 12 months and the status of the patients was grouped on two levels: recovered (58%), or relapsed (42%). Five dogs (9%) were euthanized. The disease was commonly diagnosed in purebred dogs. Demodicosis was more common in dogs under 2 years of age (65%), in males (64%), and in the short‐haired breeds (75%). Demodicosis was generalized in 73% of cases, localised in 23% and affected the feet (pododemodicosis) in 4% of cases. Recovery was the highest in dogs between 1 and 2 years of age (73%), and in the localized cases (92%). Nonspecific treatment with glucocorticoids prior to the diagnosis lowered the rate of recovery (4%), but treatment with glucocorticoids for proven atopic dermatitis improved the rate of recovery (41%). All drugs (amitraz, selamectin, cythioate) administered for the localized form were effective (100% recovered). Recovery in generalized demodicosis was 60% using ivermectin, 55% using amitraz, 44% with the combination of amitraz and selamectin (two treatments with amitraz followed by selamectin), and 43% in cases where selamectin was used alone. Funding: Pfizer Animal Health.
P‐27  Characteristics of Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus infestations in 191 dogs in France
Authors: Bourdeau P. , Ximenes T. , Beziade O. 
Published: August 2004

The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of ticks on the body and characteristics of tick populations and their consequences. The studies were conducted in France in two clinics (A and B) over 10 months. Dogs were carefully examined for the presence of ticks (all dogs in group A, and 150 dogs per month in group B). Information on hair coat (long, medium, short), pruritus, number of ticks, distribution of ticks on the body, and identification of ticks was collected. An intradermal test (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) was performed on most of the tick‐positive dogs in group A. In group A, 87 dogs (4.5%) were infested with ticks, while in group B, 104 dogs (9%) were infested. There was no significant difference in infested dogs compared with control dogs with regard to coat length. The level of infestation was generally very low: <5 ticks in 81.5%, 5–9 ticks in 12.2%, and ≥ 10 in 6.3% of infested dogs. Of 528 ticks collected, Dermacentor reticulatus was the most abundant (67%), followed by Ixodes ricinus (32.9%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.1%). Ticks were found mainly on the head (41%) and neck (52.9%), and less frequently on the trunk, ventrum, legs, perianal and tail areas. Twenty‐eight per cent of infested dogs were pruritic compared to only 10% in ectoparasite‐free dogs. In 65 intradermal tests, 23% were positive to D. farinae and 6% to D.pteronyssinus. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐29  Pustular dermatosis caused by fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) stings in a dog
Authors: Conceicao L. G. , Haddad V. , Loures F. H. , Leal M. E. , Clare F. 
Published: August 2004

Solenopsis invicta (lavapés ants or imported fire ants) are insects that belong to the Hymenoptera order and Formicoidea superfamily. Native to Brazil, this aggressive ant species is today disseminated throughout the Americas. In humans, the sting of the fire ant causes an urticarial papule that progresses within 24 h to a highly pruritic, sterile pustular dermatitis. Children and alcoholics are more often affected, presenting with massive injuries. Subcorneal neutrophilic pustular dermatitis is the usual histopathological finding. One study has reported that fire ant stings in dogs leads to a vertically oriented necrotizing dermatitis with collagen degeneration. This abstract reports a natural fire ant‐induced dermatosis in a dog. We report a female, intact, young‐adult, mixed‐breed dog presented for routine check‐up. Physical examination revealed several grouped, nonfollicular, circumscribed abdominal and inguinal pustules. The pustules were relatively tense, circumscribed by a slight erythematous halo, and several dead fire ants were attached to the skin and hairs. No bacteria were seen on cytological examination. Histopathological examination revealed an intraepidermal neutrophilic pustule and dense dermal interstitial, predominantly neutrophilic, infiltration, which extended to the panniculus. Collagen degeneration and edema were also observed. This case documents that fire ant stings can produce pustular intraepidermal dermatitis in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐3  Involvement of the accessory gene regulatory (agr) system in quorum sensing by Staphylococcus intermedius
Authors: Sung J. M. L. , Chantler P. D. , Lloyd D. H. 
Published: August 2004

Toxic exoproteins are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus intermedius pyoderma and bacterial overgrowth, although these diseases are poorly understood. This study aims to determine whether quorum sensing, a phenomenon in which cells express particular characteristics only when population densities exceed certain levels, might be involved. Production of virulence factors by S. intermedius was hypothesized to be initiated by the agr system via signalling molecules generated as cell density increased, as in S. aureus. Initial studies (agr‐specific PCR, genome walking) confirmed the presence of sequences in S. intermedius related to the agr of S. aureus. To test the hypothesis that expression of RNAIII (effector of the agr system) and two exotoxins, leukotoxin and enterotoxin C, are initiated by an environmental signal generated during bacterial growth, experiments were performed in which spent culture supernatants from different phases of growth were added to early exponential cultures of S. intermedius in which the genes are minimally expressed. Through real‐time quantitative PCR, it was shown that concentrated supernatant of midexponential and postexponential cultures from S. intermedius strains 3 and 27 up‐regulated expression of genes encoding for RNAIII, leukotoxin and enterotoxin in strain 3. This indicates that the activating substance accumulates in supernatant during growth. In contrast, S. intermedius was insensitive to spent medium from S. aureus strain J3964. This suggests that S. intermedius uses quorum sensing to monitor the proximity of other signal‐producing cells and thereby adjusts its expression of virulence genes appropriately to facilitate species‐specific and intraspecies cell‐cell communication. Funding: Nestlé Purina Research Company.
P‐30  Use of fipronil for treatment of Lynxacarus radovskyi in outdoor cats in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Authors: Clare F. , Mello R. M. L. C. , Bastos T. V. , Lessa C. , Conceição L. G. 
Published: August 2004

The aim of this study was to report 20 cases of Lynxacarus radovskyi infestationin 20 cats. Lynxacarus radovskyi was diagnosed by physical examination and microscopic examination of plucked hair where countless adult mites and immature stages were identified. Microscopic examination was repeated every 7 days. The animals were observed daily for the first 7 days, and again on day 15 and day 30 for mites, pruritus and clinical signs. Clinical signs included salt‐and‐pepper appearance to a dull and opaque hair coat, alopecia of the dorsal and lateral areas of the hind limbs, and evidence of self‐mutilation. One case had papules and crusts of the hind limbs. The pruritus was mild in animals with low infestation, but very intense in those with a heavy infestation. Most mites occurred in the lateral area of the hind limbs and sacral area. Twenty of 100 animals had confirmed L. radovskyi infestation. Therefore, we suggest that the transmission occurs through fomites. Treatment consisted of 0.5 mL application of Fipronil® (Frontline TopSpot) per cat, with resolution in 100% of cases by day 15. Funding: Merial.
P‐31  Anal sacs myiasis: a case report
Authors: Mohitmafi S. 
Published: August 2004

A 3‐year‐old male Doberman dog was presented with signs of anorexia, constipation and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed abdominal pain, dehydration, swelling around the anus, and a small wound on the left side of the perineal region where myiasis was clearly observed. Haematological tests showed increased packed cell volume, and an increased white cell count with a mild neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Radiography showed severe constipation and obstruction of the rectum due to external compression from a soft tissue swelling. Cannulation of the anal sacs produced a small amount of sanguinous fluid. With a diagnosis of severe impaction in the anal sacs, surgery was performed and a large number of larvae were observed inside the anal sacs. Anal sacs myiasis was diagnosed. No connections were found between the anus and the rectum at surgery. Larvae and the necrotized tissue were all surgically removed and after 8 days of supportive treatment, the patient was released from hospital. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐32  Giant cell dermatosis in a FeLV‐infected cat: detection of the virus in infected skin by immunohistology and PCR
Authors: Favrot C. , Grest P. , Meli M. , Kipar A. , Wilhelm S. , Zaugg N. 
Published: August 2004

A 3‐year‐old castrated male domestic short‐haired cat was presented with a dermatosis of 3‐months duration. Physical examination revealed well demarcated ulcerative lesions that affected the head, limbs and paws. The cat was also depressed, febrile and anaemic. Previous history included vaccination for FeLV twice during the first year of life, and again in the second year. A staphylococcal infection was diagnosed by cytological and bacteriological examination. An ELISA for FeLV antigen was positive. Additionally, histological examination of the skin revealed an ulcerative dermatitis with folliculitis, dyskeratotic keratinocytes and syncytium formation within the epidermis and sebaceous glands. A tentative diagnosis of FeLV‐associated giant cell dermatosis with secondary staphylococcal folliculitis was made and the cat was started on cephalexin. Despite the treatment and a marked, but temporary, improvement of the skin lesions, the general condition deteriorated and the cat was euthanized. Necropsy was not performed. Immunohistological staining with monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein gp70 and the group‐specific protein p27 of FeLV revealed positive cells in the epidermis and the sebaceous glands. Additionally, PCR analysis was performed on lesional skin. DNA was isolated from deparaffinized tissues and a 131 bp long proviral DNA fragment was amplified by real‐time PCR. Giant cell dermatosis is a rare consequence of FeLV infection in cats. Cases have already been described and confirmed by immunohistology. In man, retroviral infections are also known to induce syncytium formation. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐33  Poxvirus infection in two cats
Authors: Alton K. , Fischer O. , Utzmann S. , Schilcher F. 
Published: August 2004

A 3‐year‐old Burmese cat was presented with a history of nonresolving crusted and papular lesions of the face and prior treatment with prednisolone. Skin biopsies revealed typical pox lesions with hyperplasia and ulceration of the epidermis and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epidermal cells. In the upper dermis there was prominent diffuse mast cell infiltration and mild neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. Rare cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were also present in swollen endothelial cells of dermal venules, which showed no other degenerative changes. Histological diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopic evidence of pox virus particles in inclusion bodies of epidermal cells. The lesions resolved within 6 weeks with systemic antibiotic therapy and supportive care. A 2‐year‐old domestic short‐haired cat was presented with multiple disseminated papular and ulcerative pox lesions with central eschar over the entire body. Histologically, large epidermal inclusion bodies (up to 6 μm in diameter) were present. Widespread haemorrhage and vascular wall necrosis was visible in the dermis and subcutis. Some subcutaneous vessels showed neutrophilic vasculitis. In addition to diffuse dermal neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, a lymphohistiocytic panniculitis was also present. The cat died as a result of massive haemorrhage and lymphedema, despite supportive care. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐34  A case of exfoliative erythema multiforme associated with herpes virus 1 infection in a European cat
Authors: Prost C. 
Published: August 2004

A 2‐year‐old female domestic short‐haired cat was referred with a 1‐month history of extensive scaling and alopecic dermatitis. Clinical signs appeared suddenly 2 weeks after ocular and upper respiratory tract signs that were treated with amoxicillin and marbofloxacin. Physical examination revealed widespread scaling and alopecic dermatitis. The skin was firm with a cardboard‐like texture. The ocular and nasal mucous membranes were inflamed. The cat was lethargic and reluctant to move. FeLV and FIV tests were negative. Skin scrapings failed to reveal any evidence of ectoparasites and dermatophytes. Thoracic radiographs showed no abnormalities. Skin biopsy specimens were collected from the face and the trunk under general anaesthesia. Histopathologic examination revealed a lymphocytic interface dermatitis with many mast cells, severe hydropic degeneration of basal cells, and numerous apoptotic keratinocytes (with satellitosis) at all levels of the epidermis. The epidermis was hyperplastic with orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and some foci of parakeratosis. Hair follicles were atrophic and a diffuse fibrosis was noted within the dermis. Ultrasonographic examination of the thorax and abdomen failed to reveal any abnormalities. PCR evaluation of skin specimens, as well as nasal and ocular discharges, confirmed the presence of feline herpes virus type 1. Antiviral treatments were implemented (aciclovir dosed at 50–100 mg/kg twice daily and ocular idoxuridine) with spectacular improvement. Unfortunately, the drugs had to be discontinued due to hepatic toxicity. Omega interferon was also used, but without success. A few months later, spontaneous recovery was observed. Funding: Self‐funded.