bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TCA cycle tailoring facilitates optimal growth of proton-pumping NADH dehydrogenase-dependent
Escherichia coli
Authors: Goel Nikita , Srivastav Stuti , Patel Arjun , Shirsath Akshay , Panda Tushar Ranjan , Patra Malay , Feist Adam M. , Anand Amitesh 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The bacterial lifestyle is plastic, requiring transcriptional, translational, and metabolic tailoring for survival. These dynamic cellular processes are energy intensive; therefore, flexible energetics is requisite for adaptive plasticity. An intricate network of complementary and supplementary pathways exists in bacterial energy metabolism. There are two main entry points for electrons in the aerobic electron transport system, NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), receiving electrons from NADH and succinate, respectively. Aerobic bacterial phyla have a non-proton-pumping NADH dehydrogenase, which is often the primary dehydrogenase under aerobiosis. Here, we report adaptive changes supporting growth restoration in an
Escherichia coli
strain lacking the primary dehydrogenase. Growth optimization is achieved by reducing the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, and thus we demonstrate a physiological discord between proton-pumping NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in supporting growth. Beyond the fundamental understanding of the bioenergetic network, identifying this compensatory feature provides impetus to rational antimicrobial combinations for targeting the non-proton-pumping dehydrogenase.

IMPORTANCE

Energy generation pathways are a potential avenue for the development of novel antibiotics. However, bacteria possess remarkable resilience due to the compensatory pathways, which presents a challenge in this direction. NADH, the primary reducing equivalent, can transfer electrons to two distinct types of NADH dehydrogenases. Type I NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme complex comprising multiple subunits and can generate proton motive force (PMF). Type II NADH dehydrogenase does not pump protons but plays a crucial role in maintaining the turnover of NAD+. To study the adaptive rewiring of energy metabolism, we evolved an
Escherichia coli
mutant lacking type II NADH dehydrogenase. We discovered that by modifying the flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle,
E. coli
could mitigate the growth impairment observed in the absence of type II NADH dehydrogenase. This research provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms employed by bacteria to compensate for disruptions in energy metabolism.
Anaphylatoxin signaling activates macrophages to control intracellular
Rickettsia
proliferation
Authors: Dahmani Mustapha , Zhu Jinyi C. , Cook Jack H. , Riley Sean P. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Pathogenic
Rickettsia
species proliferate within the cytoplasm of permissive host cells
in vivo
. The cytoplasm of these host cells is adequate to support the complex metabolic and physiological needs for
Rickettsia
growth. However, a dramatic host/pathogen interplay occurs when
Rickettsia
encounter innate immune cells, whereby the bacteria can proliferate as normal or the host can restrict bacterial growth. This interplay is most divergent within myeloid host cells, where intra- and extracellular factors can produce either successful
Rickettsia
parasitism or innate immune control of bacterial proliferation. With the prior knowledge that the mammalian complement system is activated during mammalian infection, we sought to determine if extracellular complement activation and anaphylatoxin signaling can modify the fate of
Rickettsia
within mononuclear host cells. Results indicate that supplementation of growth media with either C3a or C5a anaphylatoxin peptides is sufficient for many myeloid cells to control the proliferation of multiple different
Rickettsia
species. Chemical or genetic disruption of anaphylatoxin signaling or anaphylatoxin receptors eliminates complement-induced restriction of bacterial proliferation. Finally, anaphylatoxin signaling modifies macrophage physiology by inducing inflammatory phenotypes that ultimately control the intracellular proliferation of these pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

Pathogenic
Rickettsia
species are extremely dangerous bacteria that grow within the cytoplasm of host mammalian cells. In most cases, these bacteria are able to overpower the host cell and grow within the protected environment of the cytoplasm. However, a dramatic conflict occurs when
Rickettsia
encounter innate immune cells; the bacteria can “win” by taking over the host, or the bacteria can “lose” if the host cell efficiently fights the infection. This manuscript examines how the immune complement system is able to detect the presence of
Rickettsia
and alert nearby cells. Byproducts of complement activation called anaphylatoxins are signals that “activate” innate immune cells to mount an aggressive defensive strategy. This study enhances our collective understanding of the innate immune reaction to intracellular bacteria and will contribute to future efforts at controlling these dangerous infections.
Choroidal thickness in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, as determined by swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zhong Sisi , He Fanglin , Fang Sijie , Sun Jing , Li Yinwei , Shuo Zhang , Liu Xingtong , Song Xuefei , Wang Yang , Huang Yazhuo , Zhou Huifang , Fan Xianqun 
Published: October 2023

AimThis study used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to investigate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) who displayed different levels of disease activity and severity.MethodsThirty patients with TAO (60 eyes) and 38 healthy controls (67 eyes) in Shanghai, China, were recruited for this study. Disease activity and severity were graded using European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy standardised criteria. SFCT values were determined by SS-OCT.ResultsIn total, 129 eyes were included in the final analysis. The mean SFCT was significantly thicker among patients with active disease (276.23±84.01 µm) than among patients with inactive disease (224.68±111.61 µm; p=0.049) or healthy controls (223.56±78.69 µm; p=0.01). There were no differences in SFCT among patients with moderate-to-severe disease, patients with severe disease and healthy controls (p>0.05). Changes in SFCT demonstrated strong predictive ability to distinguish active TAO from inactive TAO (area under the curve=0.659, 95% CI 0.496 to 0.822).ConclusionsSFCT was strongly associated with Clinical Activity Score in patients with TAO. Choroidal thickening was observed during active TAO. SS-OCT offers a non-invasive method for follow-up assessment.
Developing a privacy-preserving deep learning model for glaucoma detection: a multicentre study with federated learning
Authors: Ran An Ran , Wang Xi , Chan Poemen P , Wong Mandy O M , Yuen Hunter , Lam Nai Man , Chan Noel C Y , Yip Wilson W K , Young Alvin L , Yung Hon-Wah , Chang Robert T , Mannil Suria S , Tham Yih-Chung , Cheng Ching-Yu , Wong Tien Yin , Pang Chi Pui , Heng Pheng-Ann , Tham Clement C , Cheung Carol Y 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundDeep learning (DL) is promising to detect glaucoma. However, patients’ privacy and data security are major concerns when pooling all data for model development. We developed a privacy-preserving DL model using the federated learning (FL) paradigm to detect glaucoma from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.MethodsThis is a multicentre study. The FL paradigm consisted of a ‘central server’ and seven eye centres in Hong Kong, the USA and Singapore. Each centre first trained a model locally with its own OCT optic disc volumetric dataset and then uploaded its model parameters to the central server. The central server used FedProx algorithm to aggregate all centres’ model parameters. Subsequently, the aggregated parameters are redistributed to each centre for its local model optimisation. We experimented with three three-dimensional (3D) networks to evaluate the stabilities of the FL paradigm. Lastly, we tested the FL model on two prospectively collected unseen datasets.ResultsWe used 9326 volumetric OCT scans from 2785 subjects. The FL model performed consistently well with different networks in 7 centres (accuracies 78.3%–98.5%, 75.9%–97.0%, and 78.3%–97.5%, respectively) and stably in the 2 unseen datasets (accuracies 84.8%-87.7%, 81.3%-84.8%, and 86.0%–87.8%, respectively). The FL model achieved non-inferior performance in classifying glaucoma compared with the traditional model and significantly outperformed the individual models.ConclusionThe 3D FL model could leverage all the datasets and achieve generalisable performance, without data exchange across centres. This study demonstrated an OCT-based FL paradigm for glaucoma identification with ensured patient privacy and data security, charting another course toward the real-world transition of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology.
Depression and anxiety-related disorders and suicide among Swedish male elite football players: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kader Manzur , Pasternak Björn , Lim Carl-Emil , Neovius Martin , Forssblad Magnus , Svanström Henrik , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Ueda Peter 
Published: October 2023

Objective
To assess whether male elite football players, during and after their active career, were at increased risk of depression and anxiety-related disorders and suicide, as compared with the general male population.

Methods
We included male football players active in the Swedish top division 1924–2019 and general male population (matched to football players based on age and region of residence) aged <65 years in 1997. Using nationwide registers, we followed the football players from their first season in the top division (or the date of their first registered residency in Sweden) or 1 January 1997, and compared the risk of depression and anxiety-related disorders (captured through diagnoses from hospital admissions and outpatient visits, and use of prescription drugs) among football players versus controls. In a secondary analysis using data from death certificates, we compared the risk of suicide between football players and general population males who were alive in 1969 (when cause of death became available) .

Results
During follow-up through 31 December 2020, 504 (13.6%) of 3719 football players and 7455 (22.3%) of 33 425 general population males had a depression or anxiety-related disorder. In analyses accounting for age, region of residence and calendar time, the risk of anxiety and depression-related disorders was lower among football players versus general population males (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.66). The protective association was attenuated with increasing age, and from around age 70 years the risk was similar in the two groups. The risk of suicide was lower among football players versus general population males (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.72).

Conclusions
In this nationwide cohort study in Sweden, elite male football players had a lower risk of depression and anxiety-related disorders and suicide as compared with the general population.
Rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin treatment in adults with coronary artery disease: secondary analysis of the randomised LODESTAR trial
Authors: Lee Yong-Joon , Hong Sung-Jin , Kang Woong Chol , Hong Bum-Kee , Lee Jong-Young , Lee Jin-Bae , Cho Hyung-Jin , Yoon Junghan , Lee Seung-Jun , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong-Ki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compare the long term efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin with atorvastatin treatment in adults with coronary artery disease.

Design
Randomised, open label, multicentre trial.

Setting
12 hospitals in South Korea, September 2016 to November 2019.

Participants
4400 adults (age ≥19 years) with coronary artery disease.

Interventions
Participants were assigned to receive either rosuvastatin (n=2204) or atorvastatin (n=2196) using 2×2 factorial randomisation.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was a three year composite of all cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or any coronary revascularisation. Secondary outcomes were safety endpoints: new onset diabetes mellitus; hospital admissions due to heart failure; deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism; endovascular revascularisation for peripheral artery disease; aortic intervention or surgery; end stage kidney disease; discontinuation of study drugs owing to intolerance; cataract surgery; and a composite of laboratory detected abnormalities.

Results

4341 of the 4400 participants (98.7%) completed the trial. Mean daily dose of study drugs was 17.1 mg (standard deviation (SD) 5.2 mg) in the rosuvastatin group and 36.0 (12.8) mg in the atorvastatin group at three years (P<0.001). The primary outcome occurred in 189 participants (8.7%) in the rosuvastatin group and 178 (8.2%) in the atorvastatin group (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 1.30; P=0.58). The mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level during treatment was 1.8 mmol/L (SD 0.5 mmol/L) in the rosuvastatin group and 1.9 (0.5) mmol/L in the atorvastatin group (P<0.001). The rosuvastatin group had a higher incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus requiring initiation of antidiabetics (7.2%
v
5.3%; hazard ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.87; P=0.03) and cataract surgery (2.5%
v
1.5%; 1.66, 1.07 to 2.58; P=0.02). Other safety endpoints did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions
In adults with coronary artery disease, rosuvastatin and atorvastatin showed comparable efficacy for the composite outcome of all cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or any coronary revascularisation at three years. Rosuvastatin was associated with lower LDL cholesterol levels but a higher risk of new onset diabetes mellitus requiring antidiabetics and cataract surgery compared with atorvastatin.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02579499
.
Exposure to low-dose radiation in occupational settings and ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peters Cheryl E , Quinn Emma Kathleen , Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura Andrea , MacDonald Heather , Villeneuve Paul J 
Published: October 2023

Ionising radiation is a human carcinogen, but the evidence is less clear that exposure to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We synthesised the literature of chronic occupational exposure to LDIR and cardiovascular disease, particularly for ischaemic heart disease (IHD).The literature search was conducted using three databases including studies published between 1990 and 2022. A quality assessment of the studies was completed using the Office of Health and Assessment and Translation Risk of Bias Rating Tool. We conducted meta-analyses for IHD mortality using random effects models using measures of excess relative risk per sievert (ERR/Sv) obtained from internal cohort comparisons, as well as with standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) from external cohort comparisons.We identified 2189 articles, and of these, 26 provided data on IHD and were retained. Most studies were classified as having a ‘moderate’ level of risk of bias. Fourteen and 10 studies reporting external radiation doses were included in meta-analyses using SMR and ERR/Sv, respectively. The meta-summary SMR was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.89) with evidence of reduced risk but high heterogeneity across studies. For internal cohort measures, the summary ERR/Sv for a lagged exposure of 10 years was 0.10 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.20) with low heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis by lagged exposure time showed the strongest association were for the 15 and 20 years lag.Our findings suggest that occupational exposure to LDIR increases the risk IHD mortality and highlight the relevance of internal cohort comparisons.
Associations of cow-level factors with the risk of poor hygiene in cows housed in free-stall and tie-stall barns
Authors: Robles I. , Kelton D.F. , DeVries T.J. 
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to identify cow-level factors associated with poor body hygiene. Cows ( n = 2644) from 68 commercial dairy herds (free-stall ( n = 43); tie-stall ( n = 25)) in Ontario, Canada were enrolled. Cows were hygiene scored on each of three visits (7 days apart). Older cows were at higher risk of having a dirty udder and dirty upper legs and flanks in free-stall barns and younger cows were at higher risk of having dirty upper legs and flanks in tie-stall barns. Higher days in milk was associated with better hygiene for cows housed in both free-stall and tie-stall barns.
Stability of power law cosmological model in f(Q) gravity
Authors: Garg Priyanka , Bhardwaj Vinod Kumar 
Published: October 2023

In the present study, we have described the accelerated cosmological models of the universe in f( Q) gravity. In f( Q) gravity, the gravitational field equations are modified by a function of the non-metricity tensor, which characterizes the deviation of the affine connection from the metric compatibility condition. We have considered two different forms of f( Q) gravity as f( Q) = β + α  Q( n + 1) and f( Q) = β  Q + α  Q n to explain the dynamics of the expanding universe. We have discussed the dynamics of the universe through graphical representation by considering the power law ( a = kt m ). The free parameters of the models are fitted with the latest observational data set of observational Hubble data, consisting of 57 points, using statistical analysis based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The best-fit values for the model’s parameter are estimated as H0 = 67.3 ± 1.1, m = 1.0213 ± 0.0071, and k = 65.4 ± 1.1. The parameters of the derived model, like energy density, isotropic pressure, EoS (Equation of state) parameter, and jerk parameter, are discussed. We have described the energy conditions to explain the viability of the considered models. We have also verified the stability of the derived model through perturbation analysis.
Moult migrant Tennessee Warblers undergo extensive stopover in peri-urban forests of southern Quebec
Authors: Poirier Vanessa , Frei Barbara , Lefvert Mathilde , Morales Ana , Elliott Kyle H. 
Published: October 2023

Stopovers are the most energy- and time-consuming events during avian migration, yet individuals of certain species make long stopovers to moult (“moult migration”). Requiring abundant energy and a prolonged stay, moult migrants should occupy small stopover home ranges in resource-rich habitats. Understanding migrant behaviour at their stopovers is critical for implementing conservation efforts for declining Neotropical passerines. To examine the stopover timing and habitat use of one such moult migrating passerine, we radio-tagged 18 moulting and 4 post-moult Tennessee Warblers ( Leiothlypis peregrina (A. Wilson, 1811)) at an autumn stopover site. Although our data were biased towards one sampling year, moult migrants generally arrived at the stopover site earlier (average = 2 August) than post-moult migrants (average = 12 September). Moult migrants also stayed longer (46 ± 5 days) than post-moult migrants (8 ± 6 days) and had large overlapping stopover home ranges (∼15 ha) that were dependent on high abundance of forest (%) and forest edge (m). We conclude that Tennessee Warblers occupied forested stopover sites within a peri-urban landscape where they successfully moulted before continuing migration. This study illustrates the importance of including stopover sites in conservation plans, particularly in cities where quality habitats are scarce.
Modeling the R-ratio and hadronic contributions to $$g-2$$ with a Treed Gaussian process
Authors: Fowlie Andrew , Li Qiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe BNL and FNAL measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon disagree with the Standard Model (SM) prediction by more than $$4\sigma $$

4
σ

. The hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contributions are the dominant source of uncertainty in the SM prediction. There are, however, tensions between different estimates of the HVP contributions, including data-driven estimates based on measurements of the R-ratio. To investigate that tension, we modeled the unknown R-ratio as a function of CM energy with a treed Gaussian process (TGP). This is a principled and general method grounded in data-science that allows complete uncertainty quantification and automatically balances over- and under-fitting to noisy data. Our tool yields exploratory results are similar to previous ones and we find no indication that the R-ratio was previously mismodeled. Whilst we advance some aspects of modeling the R-ratio and develop new tools for doing so, a competitive estimate of the HVP contributions requires domain-specific expertise and a carefully curated database of measurements (, https://github.com/qiao688/TGP_for_g-2).
Control of particle transport driven by active noise: strategy of amplification via a periodic potential
Authors: Białas Karol , Łuczka Jerzy , Spiechowicz Jakub 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe extend our previous studies on a counter-intuitive effect in which a directed transport of a free Brownian particle induced by active fluctuations can be significantly enhanced when the particle is placed in a periodic potential. It is in clear contrast to a common situation when the velocity of the Brownian particle is notably reduced if the periodic potential is switched on. As a model of active fluctuations, we employ white Poissonian shot noise. We reconsider the case of the skew-normal amplitude distribution of shot noise and focus on the impact of statistical characteristics of its amplitude like mean, variance, and skewness on the magnitude of free particle transport enhancement. In particular, we detect intriguing oscillations of the rescaled velocity of the particle as a function of the variance. Our findings can be corroborated experimentally in both biological and artificial microscopic systems.