bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise augments the effects of cognitive‐behavioral therapy in the treatment of binge eating
Authors: Pendleton Victor R. , Goodrick G. Ken , Poston Walker S. Carlos , Reeves Rebecca S. , Foreyt John P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of adding exercise and maintenance to cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT) for binge eating disorder (BED) in obese women.MethodOne hundred fourteen obese female binge eaters were randomized into four groups: CBT with exercise and maintenance, CBT with exercise, CBT with maintenance, and CBT only.Results and DiscussionEighty‐four women completed the 16‐month study. Subjects who received CBT with exercise experienced significant reductions in binge eating frequency compared with subjects who received CBT only. The CBT with exercise and maintenance group had a 58% abstinence rate at the end of the study period and an average reduction of 2.2 body mass index (BMI) units (approximately 14 lb). BMI was significantly reduced in the subjects in both the exercise and maintenance conditions. The results suggest that adding exercise to CBT, and extending the duration of treatment, enhances outcome and contributes to reductions in binge eating and BMI. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 172–184, 2002; DOI. 10.1002/eat.10010
Reversible tubular dysfunction that mimicked Fanconi's syndrome in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Alexandridis George , Liamis George , Elisaf Moses 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatients with anorexia nervosa exhibit acid‐base and electrolyte disturbances. Hypophosphatemia is commonly found in these patients during nutritional recovery. However, marked, possibly, life‐threatening hypophosphatemia associated with proximal tubular dysfunction has not been previously described. We report a case of anorexia nervosa complicated by a nonacidotic proximal tubulopathy, which was manifested by renal glycosuria, as well as inappropriate phosphaturia and uricosuria resulting in hypophosphatemia and hypouricemia. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 227–230, 2001.
Effect of depression storage capacity on overland‐flow generation for rough horizontal surfaces: water transfer distance and scaling
Authors: Darboux F. , Davy P. , Gascuel‐Odoux C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOverland‐flow triggering on rough surfaces was investigated using an understanding‐oriented model. The model was based on conditioned‐walker technique and developed to simulate and analyse the evolution of puddle connection on numerically generated rough surfaces. The percolation theory gave a theoretical framework to formalize model outputs and to study overland‐flow scaling. Overland‐flow triggering appeared consistent with a percolation process. A scale‐change exponent was suggested. New insights based on the concept of transfer distance of water were emphasized. Transfer distance enabled us to analyse the water redistribution inside a field and helped to define rainfall efficiency when infiltration occurred. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field detection and identification of a bioaerosol suite by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry*
Authors: Snyder A. Peter , Tripathi Ashish , Maswadeh Waleed M. , Ho Jim , Spence Mel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImprovements were made to a pyrolysis‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (Py‐GC‐IMS) stand‐alone biodetector to provide more pyrolyzate compound information to the IMS detector module. Air carrier gas flowing continuously through the pyrolysis tube, the rate of air flow, and pyrolysis rate were found to improve the relative quality and quantity of pyrolyzate compounds detected by the IMS detector compared to earlier work. These improvements allowed a greater degree of confidence in the correlation of biological aerosols obtained in outdoor testing scenarios to a standard GC‐IMS biological aerosol dataset. The airflow improvement allowed more biomarker compounds to be observed in the GC‐IMS data domain for aerosols of gram‐negative Erwinia herbicola (EH) and ovalbumin protein as compared to previous studies. Minimal differences were observed for gram‐positive spores of Bacillus subtilis var. globigii (BG) from that of earlier work. Prior outdoor aerosol challenges dealt with the detection of one organism, either EH or BG. Biological aerosols were disseminated in a Western Canadian prairie and the Py‐GC‐IMS was tested for its ability to detect the biological aerosols. The current series of outdoor trials consisted of three different biological aerosol challenges. Forty‐two trials were conducted and a simple area calculation of the GC‐IMS data domain biomarker peaks correlated with the correct bioaerosol challenge in 30 trials (71%). In another 7 trials, the status of an aerosol was determined to be biological in origin. Two additional trials had no discernible, unambiguous GC‐IMS biological response, because they were blank water sprays. Reproducible limits of detection were at a concentration of less than 0.5 bacterial analyte‐containing particle per liter of air. In order to realize this low concentration, an aerosol concentrator was used to concentrate 2000 l of air in 2.2 min. Previous outdoor aerosol trials have shown the Py‐GC‐IMS device to be a credible detector with respect to determining the presence of a biological aerosol. The current series of outdoor trials has provided a platform to show that the Py‐GC‐IMS can provide information more specific than a biological or non‐biological analysis to an aerosol when the time of dissemination is unknown to the operator. The Py‐GC‐IMS is shown to be able to discriminate between aerosols of a gram‐positive spore (BG), a gram‐negative bacterium (EH), and a protein (ovalbumin). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 190–204, 2001
Path analysis of the essential oil‐related characters in Mentha spp.
Authors: Mirzaie‐Nodoushan Hossein , Rezaie Mohammad‐Bagher , Jaimand Kamkar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStrategies to increase the leaf and flower essential oil yield of Mentha species would be improved by an understanding of how phenotypic and phenologic characters interact with one another in affecting the essential oil yield. In this study, path analysis was applied within some morphological and phenological characters recorded from field studies conducted in 2000 on four Mentha spp., M. longifolia M. spicata M. piperita and M. aquatica. Several morphological, phenological, and chemical characteristics were recorded on the experimental units, based on a three times replicated completely randomized design. The characteristics recorded on five single plants in each experimental unit were: main stem length, number of lateral branches on main stem, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, flowering date, percentage of flower essential oil, and percentage of leaf essential oil. After a confident result of differences between the species for the characters, path analysis was performed on the data. The analysis on flower essential oil‐related characters revealed that the percentage of leaf essential oil and leaf length had a high direct effect on the dependent variable, flower essential oil yield. Flowering time showed a positive direct effect but a high negative total indirect effect through other independent variables on the dependent variable, resulting in a negative total effect on essential oil yield. The analysis on leaf essential oil‐related characters showed that both stem diameter and flower essential oil yield had almost equal positive direct effects on leaf essential oil yield. Flowering date showed negative direct and total indirect effects on leaf essential oil yield. Stem length had a high positive indirect effect on the leaf essential oil yield through independent variables, counterbalancing negative direct effects to a positive total effect of 0.487. Among the species in the current study, genetic improvement in the stem diameter and length, leaf length and width would have beneficial effects on essential oil yield. Therefore, indirect selection may be done at the field for high essential oil yield based on morphological characters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of essential oils of Eucalyptus resinifera Smith, E. tereticornis Smith and Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson, grown in Cuba
Authors: Pino Jorge A. , Marbot Rolando , Quert Rolando , García Humberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe yields and chemical composition are reported of oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of three species grown in the western region of Cuba: Eucalyptus resinifera Smith, Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith and Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson. The analyses were made by GC and GC–MS. The oil of E. resinifera was found to contain 1,8‐cineole (68.0%) as the major constituent. In contrast, the oil of E. tereticornis was found to contain 1,8‐cineole (23.2%) and p‐ cymene (13.8%), while that of C. maculata contained α‐pinene (49.7%), α‐eudesmol (18.0%) and β‐eudesmol (11.3%) as major constituents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the enantiomeric ratios of chiral components in absolute jasmine
Authors: Tamogami S. , Awano K. , Kitahara T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDetermination of the enantiomeric ratios of chiral components in absolute jasmine, an important raw fragrance material, was studied. Jasmine oils from Egypt, India and France were employed. It was remarkable that the enantiomeric excess of most of these chiral components was not 100% ee. There was a significant difference in the ratios of enantiomers of several characteristic aroma compounds among these products. In particular methyl jasmonate in Indian jasmine oil contains less of the major (1R, 2R)‐isomer compared with those of France and Egypt. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil parent materials and the pottery of Roman Galilee: A comparative study
Authors: Wieder Moshe , Adan‐Bayewitz David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper presents a comparative micromorphological analysis of the range of soil materials used to make the pottery of the hilly Galilee during the Roman period, and the ceramic products made from these materials. The four soil units that served as raw material for most of the pottery made in this period and region are examined along with pottery derived from each of them. For each soil unit, the soil characteristics and processes are described, followed by a presentation of the micromorphological characteristics of the soil material and those of the pottery made from that material. The contribution of the aeolian dust component to the soil materials is discussed as well as the identification of the tempering materials (nonplastics or other soil materials) added to the pottery paste. The study demonstrates the close correlation in microfabric between the pottery and original soil materials, sheds light on the raw material selection and modification practices of the potters of Roman Galilee, and has significant implications for provenance studies, using chemical analysis, on the pottery of this period and region. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late Devonian subduction and early‐orogenic exhumation of eclogite‐facies rocks from the Champtoceaux Complex (Variscan belt, France)
Authors: Bosse Valerie , Feraud Gilbert , Ruffet Gilles , Ballèvre Michel , Peucat Jean‐Jacques , De Jong Koen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to define the mechanisms involved during exhumation of the eclogite‐facies rocks from the Champtoceaux Complex (Armorican Massif, France), Sm‐Nd, Rb‐Sr and 40Ar/39Ar methods are combined with a petrological study to construct a pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path for the Cellier Unit.The Champtoceaux Complex is a crustal‐scale thrust sheet located in the South Armorican Domain. The lower unit, the Cellier Unit, consists of leucocratic gneisses, mica‐schists and well‐preserved eclogites. Petrological data on selected samples from different lithologies show (1) preservation of growth zoning in garnet, (2) no amphibolite‐ or greenschist‐facies overprint in the eclogite and (3) variations in the Si content of phengite as a function of bulk‐rock chemistry, P–T conditions and partial re‐equilibration during decompression.Sm‐Nd analyses on the eclogite sample give a Grt–Cpx–whole‐rock age of 362 ± 25 Ma, consistent with the U‐Pb age of 356 ± 8 Ma (recalculated) obtained from the same sample by J. L. Paquette in 1987. Preservation of growth zoning in the garnet and the absence of late overprint show that resetting of both Sm‐Nd and U‐Pb systems is unlikely. The age of c. 360 Ma is thus interpreted as the age of the high‐pressure event.Eight 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages, ranging from 352.0 ± 1.6 to 340.5 ± 1.4 Ma, are obtained from phengite single grains from six samples. The existence of Ar inheritance is unlikely, because (1) 40Ar/39Ar ages are younger than the age of the high‐pressure event as deduced from U‐Pb and Sm‐Nd ages, (2) duplicates display a high reproducibility of plateau ages in all cases, and (3) a concordant Rb‐Sr age is obtained on one common sample. These plateau ages probably represent closure temperatures (possibly on the order of 450–500°C) for the best preserved and oldest samples, whereas the younger plateau ages may represent a later closure of the K/Ar system due to continuous deformation and chemical re‐equilibration during retrogression. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Astrocytes attenuate oligodendrocyte death in vitro through an α6 integrin‐laminin–dependent mechanism
Authors: Corley Shannon M. , Ladiwala Uma , Besson Arnaud , Yong V. Wee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOligodendrocyte (OL) death occurs in many disorders of the CNS, including multiple sclerosis and brain trauma. Factors reported to induce OL death include deprivation of growth factors, elevation of cytokines, oxidative stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Because astrocytes produce a large amount of growth factors and antioxidants and are a major source of glutamate uptake, we tested the hypothesis that astrocytes may have a protective role for OL survival. We report that when OLs from the adult mouse brain were initiated into tissue culture, DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation resulted, indicative of apoptosis. OL death was significantly reduced in coculture with astrocytes, but not with fibroblasts, which provided a similar monolayer of cells as astrocytes. The protection of OL demise by astrocytes was not reproduced by its conditioned medium and was not accounted for by several neurotrophic factors. In contrast, interference with the α6 integrin subunit, but not the α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, or αv integrin chains, negated astrocyte protection of OLs. Furthermore, a function‐blocking antibody to α6β1 integrin reduced the ability of astrocytes to promote OL survival. The extracellular matrix ligand for α6β1 is laminin, which is expressed by astrocytes. Significantly, neutralizing antibodies to laminin‐2 and laminin‐5 inhibited the astrocyte mediation of OL survival. These results implicate astrocytes in promoting OL survival through a mechanism involving the interaction of α6β1 integrin on OLs with laminin on astrocytes. Enhancing this interaction may provide for OL survival in neurological injury. GLIA 36:281–294, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory identification is impaired in clinic‐based patients with vascular dementia and senile dementia of Alzheimer type
Authors: Gray Alison J. , Staples Vince , Murren Karen , Dhariwal Avtar , Bentham Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAimsIt is now well established that there are abnormalities in the sense of smell in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). They have both raised olfactory thresholds and impaired odour identification. The situation in vascular dementia is unclear. We used the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a 40‐item, forced choice, cued, ‘scratch‐and‐ sniff’ test, to examine olfactory identification in vascular dementia and to determine whether it would differentiate the disorder from AD and normal elderly.MethodsWe investigated three matched subject groups: 13 people having a Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders in the Elderly (CAMDEX) diagnosis of definite senile dementia of Alzheimer type, 13 having a CAMDEX diagnosis of definite vascular dementia and 13 non‐cognitively impaired controls. The subjects were then tested with the UPSIT in their own home by an independent blind researcher to see if the test could distinguish the different diagnostic groups in this setting.ResultsThe median UPSIT score was 30 (out of a maximum of 40) for controls, 12 for the vascular group and 15 for the AD group. The difference was significant (p = 0.05) between both demented groups and the normal controls. Similarly there was a significant difference in the UPSIT score between the AD group and controls (p = 0.001) and between the vascular dementia group and controls (p = 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the AD group and the vascular dementia group. The UPSIT score correlated strongly with the degree of cognitive impairment as measured by the CAMCOG (rs = 0.683, p = 0.01)ConclusionsPatients with vascular dementia had a similar degree of olfactory impairment to those with AD. The UPSIT successfully differentiated between dementia patients and normal elderly British subjects tested in their own homes. The UPSIT did not differentiate between those with AD and vascular dementia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Nonlinear phase desynchronization in human electroencephalographic data
Authors: Breakspear Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnsembles of coupled nonlinear systems represent natural candidates for the modeling of brain dynamics. The objective of this study is to examine the complex signal produced by coupled chaotic attractors, to discuss their potential relevance to distributed processes in the brain, and to illustrate a method of detecting their contribution to human EEG morphology. Two measures of quantifying the behavior of coupled nonlinear systems are presented: a measure of phase synchrony and a novel measure of intermittent phase desynchronization. These are used to quantify the behavior of numerical examples of coupled chaotic attractors. Experimental evidence of their contribution to the morphology of the human alpha rhythm is then illustrated in a study of EEG recordings from 40 healthy human subjects. Amplitude‐adjusted phase‐randomized surrogate data is used to test the null hypothesis that the observed patterns of phase coherence can be described by purely linear methods. Statistical analysis reveals that this null hypothesis can be robustly rejected in a small number (∼4%) of EEG epochs. These findings are discussed with reference to the adaptive function and complex dynamics of the brain. Hum. Brain Mapping 15:175–198, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear temporal dynamics of the cerebral blood flow response
Authors: Miller Karla L. , Luh Wen‐Ming , Liu Thomas T. , Martinez Antigona , Obata Takayuki , Wong Eric C. , Frank Lawrence R. , Buxton Richard B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe linearity of the cerebral perfusion response relative to stimulus duration is an important consideration in the characterization of the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolism, and the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. It is also a critical component in the design and analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. To study the linearity of the CBF response to different duration stimuli, the perfusion response in primary motor and visual cortices was measured during stimulation using an arterial spin labeling technique with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows simultaneous measurement of CBF and BOLD changes. In each study, the perfusion response was measured for stimuli lasting 2, 6, and 18 sec. The CBF response was found in general to be nonlinearly related to stimulus duration, although the strength of nonlinearity varied between the motor and visual cortices. In contrast, the BOLD response was found to be strongly nonlinear in both regions studied, in agreement with previous findings. The observed nonlinearities are consistent with a model with a nonlinear step from stimulus to neural activity, a linear step from neural activity to CBF change, and a nonlinear step from CBF change to BOLD signal change. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:1–12, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of MDMA‐induced brain activity in healthy volunteers using low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)
Authors: Frei Edi , Gamma Alex , Pascual‐Marqui Roberto , Lehmann Dietrich , Hell Daniel , Vollenweider Franz X. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'Ecstasy') is a psychostimulant drug producing heightened mood and facilitated social communication. In animal studies, MDMA effects are primarily mediated by serotonin (5‐HT), but also by dopamine (DA) and possibly noradrenaline (NA). In humans, however, the neurochemical and neurophysiological basis of acute MDMA effects remains unknown. The distribution of active neuronal populations after administration of a single dose of MDMA (1.7 mg/kg) or placebo was studied in 16 healthy, MDMA‐naïve volunteers. Thirty‐one‐channel scalp EEGs during resting with open and closed eyes was analyzed in the different EEG frequency bands. Scalp maps of power showed significant, global differences between MDMA and placebo in both eye conditions and all frequency bands. Low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was used to compute 3D, functional images of electric neuronal activity from the scalp EEG data. MDMA produced a widespread decrease of slow and medium frequency activity and an increase of fast frequency activity in the anterior temporal and posterior orbital cortex, concomitant with a marked enhancement of mood, emotional arousal and increased extraversion. This activation of frontotemporal areas indicates that the observed enhancement of mood and possibly the increased extroversion rely on modulation of limbic orbitofrontal and anterotemporal structures known to be involved in emotional processes. Comparison of the MDMA‐specific EEG pattern with that of various 5‐HT, DA, and NA agonists indicates that serotonin, noradrenaline, and, to a lesser degree, dopamine, contribute to the effects of MDMA on EEG, and possibly also on mood and behavior. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:152–165, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vocal process granuloma
Authors: Hoffman Henry T. , Overholt Edwin , Karnell Michael , McCulloch Tim M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis review article reports the evolution of knowledge regarding the benign proliferations of the posterior glottis commonly termed “vocal process granuloma”.MethodsA comprehensive review of publications addressing lesions of the posterior glottis is affected to analyze the contemporary management of vocal process granuloma.ResultsContemporary management emphasizes interventions to decrease irritation to the posterior glottis. Multiple causes of this irritation preclude use of a single management plan that will successfully address all cases.ConclusionsManagement to diminish laryngopharyngeal reflux, as well as to correct vocally abusive behavior, will appropriately address the majority of vocal process granuloma. Surgical removal is best reserved for cases when conservative management fails, when airway obstruction is a concern, or when a biopsy is needed to establish the diagnosis. Ancillary measures that may be beneficial in specific cases include the use of steroids, antibiotics, membranous vocal fold augmentation, and laryngeal botulinum neurotoxin injection. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1061–1074, 2001.