bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis and Experimental Verification Reveals SPATS2L as a Potential New Immunological and Prognostic Biomarker of Lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: yang yuwei , Cao Yan , Zhang Hao , li qiao , Wang Xinjing , Lu hengzhi , Yao Chen , Xie Lixin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
SPATS2L (Spermatogenesis-associated serine-rich 2-like) is an intranuclear stress-response protein involved in chromosomal organization, ribosomal biogenesis, and translational control. Although there is mounting evidence that SPATS2L was involved in the carcinogenesis of some cancers, no thorough pan-cancer investigation of SPATS2L is available so far.
Results
Based on multiple databases, including TCGA, GTEx, CCLE, cBioPortal, TIMER2, ImmuCellAI, GDSC, and Reactome, we analyzed the expression, prognosis, DNA methylation, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune cell infiltration, drug sensitivity, and clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of SPATS2L in pan-cancer including 33 types of cancers. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) specimens were enrolled to test the expression of SPATS2L by immunohistochemistry. LUAD cell A549 transfected with siRNA targeting SPATS2L was used in subsequent experiments. SPATS2L expression was dramatically increased in a variety of malignancies, while it was low in ACC, KICH, and LAML as indicated by multiple databases and confirmed by immunohistochemistry assays. Importantly, SPATS2L has been found to have prognostic and clinicopathological importance in several malignancies. SPATS2L expression was also linked to TMB and MSI in 9 types of cancers, and there was a link between SPATS2L expression and DNA methylation in 28 types of cancers. SPATS2L was also found to be highly linked with immune cell infiltration, ICP expression, stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE score in various malignancies, demonstrating their regulatory roles on the TME. Consistently, the results of GSEA and GSVA analyses revealed a substantial link between SPATS2L and certain cellular immunological responses. SPATS2L was found to be strongly linked to 173 anti-tumor drugs. The overexpressed SPATS2L in LUAD tissues was validated. Knockdown of SPATS2L inhibited LUAD cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.
Conclusions
This study indicated that SPATS2L might be a potential cancer biomarker for the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response. SPATS2L expression in cancers may be involved in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity, which may be a new-targeted molecule for developing anti-tumor drugs and immunotherapy, especially for LUAD.
Phytochemical Profiles of Rhoicissus Tridentata Harvested From the Slopes Elgon Sub-region, Uganda
Authors: Kudamba Ali , Kasolo Josephine N. , Bbosa Godfrey S. , Lugaajju Allan , Wabinga Henry , Niyonzima Nixon , Ocan Moses , Damani Ali M. , Kafeero Hussein M. , Ssenku Jamilu E. , Okurut Shaban A. , Lubowa Muniiru , AW Abdul Walusansa , Muwonge Haruna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:Prostate cancer remains a formidable threat in Uganda. As such, the quest to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. Medicinal plants are taking center stage in these efforts. In the Elgon sub-region of Eastern Uganda, Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) is one of the medicinal plants commonly used in the management of prostate cancer among communities and traditional herbalists but its phytochemical profiles responsible for toxicity activity have not fully been investigated. This impedes the potential usefulness of R. tridentata in developing improved anticancer biotherapeutics.to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. The current study investigated the phytochemical compositions of aqueous and methanol extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata used in the management of prostate harvested from the Elgon sub-region.Methods:The root tubers were harvested from the mountain Elgon sub-region, identified and authenticated, cleaned, air-dried, pounded, and subjected to qualitative phytochemical profiling and spectrophotometry. The laboratory experiments were conducted at Islamic University in Uganda, Uganda Natural Chemotherapeutics Laboratories, and Makerere University. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with STATA version 15.0 software. Graphs were plotted using GraphPad Prism®version 9.0.0.Results:The researchers found that Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) root tuber extracts were very rich in a number of phytochemical compounds that dissolve better in methanol than in ethanol. Polyphenols, tannins, glycosides, carotenoids, and flavonoids were significantly higher in methanol than in ethanol and water (p=0.0022), while saponins were substantially higher in water (p=0.0022).Conclusions:Root tubers of Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) had several bioactive compounds, with the majority found in methanol as compared to water extract. The bioactive compounds observed were mainly polyphenols and flavonoids, and these have been reported to possess reputable anticancer properties. To help the pharmaceutical industry develop novel and more potent anticancer medications from plants such as R. tridentata, it is necessary to undertake in vitro and in vivo investigations on the plant extracts and to purify and characterize the most bioactive compounds.
Scrub typhus manifesting with Temporal lobe hemorrhage: a Case report
Authors: Chen Kaida , Zheng Qiulin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Tsutsugamushi disease, alternatively known as Scrub Typhus, is a natural focus disease caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Clinical manifestations include sudden onset, fever, eschar or ulceration at the bite site, lymphadenopathy, and rash. Moreover, severe scrub typhus can present with a variety of symptoms. Timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention are critically linked to the prognosis of scrub typhus.
Case presentation: The patient, a 57-year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital with primary symptoms of fever and headache. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hemorrhage in the temporal lobe, leading to her admission to our hospital's Department of Neurosurgery. Subsequently, the patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to severe respiratory failure and hypotension. Ultimately, the clinical diagnosis of severe scrub typhus was established.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and timely intervention of scrub typhus are crucial for improving the disease's prognosis. Clinicians must heighten their awareness of scrub typhus to facilitate early detection and prompt treatment. The review of the disease progression in this case indicates that, in patients with scrub typhus, despite the absence of severe coagulopathy and DIC, the potential risk of cerebral hemorrhage should still be vigilantly monitored. Moreover, consideration should be given to the potential risk of scrub typhus infection in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and unexplained fever, especially in areas where scrub typhus is endemic.
Acceptability of newborn screening for sickle cell disease among post-natal mothers at Homa Bay County Referral Hospital, western Kenya
Authors: Orimbo John Guda , Awandu Shehu Shagari , Muhonja Faith , Owili Patrick , Omondi Dickens , Orimbo John Guda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetically inherited blood disorder that manifests early in life with resultant significant health complications. Globally, nearly three quarters of all affected babies are in sub-Saharan Africa. Early identification of babies with SCD through newborn screening (NBS) followed by early linkage to care is recommended. However, the program has not been widely adopted in the sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence on acceptability of NBS to scale up NBS program is scarce. This study assessed factors associated with acceptability of newborn screening among mothers of newborns delivered at Homa Bay County Teaching and Referral Hospital (HCTRH), western Kenya.
Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional design among postnatal mothers at HCTRH. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and perception were assessed. Babies were also screened for SCD using Sickle SCAN point-of-care test. The acceptability was calculated as percentage of mothers accepting to have their babies screened. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to explore factors associated with acceptability of NBS.
Results
Ninety-four percent of mothers accepted NBS. Mother’s age and occupation were significantly associated with acceptability of NBS for SCD. Younger mothers (OR = 3.01;95%CI = 1.16–7.83; p = 0.024) and being a student (OR = 6.18; 95%CI = 1.18–32.22; p = 0.031) were significant at bivariate regression analysis. Only being a student (aOR = 25.02; 95% CI = 1.29-484.51; p = 0.033) was significant at multivariate logistic regression analysis. Male partner support was found to be a strong positive modifying factor (coef = 7.50; std error = 1.31;95%CI = 4.94–10.07; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The observed high acceptability of NBS for SCD in this population is indicative of a tacit acceptance of NBS for SCD.This is especially among younger mothers, being modified by male partner influence. A high level acceptance is necessary for scaling up the NBS program.
Enhanced Visualization in Endoleak Detection: A Comparative Analysis of Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging and Advanced Reconstruction Techniques
Authors: Kazimierczak Wojciech , Kazimierczak Natalia , Wilamowska Justyna , Wojtowicz Olaf , Nowak Ewa , Serafin Zbigniew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To assess the image quality parameters of dual-energy computed tomography angiography (DECTA) 40-, and 60 keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) combined with deep learning-based image reconstruction model (DLM) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstructions (ASIR). CT scans of 28 post EVAR patients were enrolled. The 60 s delayed phase of DECTA was evaluated. Objective (noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) and subjective (overall image quality and endoleak conspicuity – 3 blinded readers assessment) image quality analyses were performed. The following reconstructions were evaluated: VMI 40,60 keV VMI; ASIR VMI 40,60 keV; DLM VMI 40,60 keV. The noise level of the DLM VMI images was approximately 50% lower than that of VMI reconstruction. The highest CNR and SNR values were measured in VMI DLM images. The mean CNR in endoleak in 40 keV was accounted for as 1.83 ± 1.2; 2.07 ± 2.02; 3.6 ± 3.26 in VMI, VMI ASIR, and VMI DLM, respectively. The DLM algorithm significantly reduced noise and increased lesion conspicuity, resulting in higher objective and subjective image quality compared to other reconstruction techniques. The application of DLM algorithms to low-energy VMIs significantly enhances the diagnostic value of DECTA in evaluating endoleaks. DLM reconstructions surpass traditional VMIs and ASIR in terms of image quality.
The pattern of neurological emergencies: Frequency, etiology and outcome, for patients admitted to ICU at Khartoum State Hospitals
Authors: Daoud Mahmoud Hussien Salih , Abuobieda Husam , Abdelhalim sara Ismail , Mohmed Mohmed Hussien Ahmed , Elamin Abubakr Elmotesim Abdulla 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Neurological emergencies are frequent presentations and often end with devastating short and long term consequences. Neurological disorders are increasingly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa with paucity of data on adult neurological emergencies in our context.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 103 patients with neurologic emergencies admitted to ICU Khartoum state intensive care departments during the period from October 2019 to April 2020. Data regarding demographics, presentations, clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, indications of ICU admission, diagnosis of neurological conditions, length of ICU stay, patterns of medications and outcomes were collected. Data was analyzed by using SPSS v. 21.0
Results:Among 103 patients with neurologic emergencies admitted to ICU, 56% were males and 44% were females. Patients are categorized into central nervous system diseases in which intracranial hemorrhage 28.1%, Meningitis 27.2%, encephalitis 27.2%, ischemic stroke 18.4% were the common diagnoses. Whereas, in the peripheral nervous system GBS 15.5%, MG crisis 3.88% were the common diseases. The common symptoms were altered mental status 64.1%, seizures 34%, motor weakness 27.2%, headache 18.4%, dysphagia 16.5%, fever 16.5%, shortness of breath 9.7%, and mutism 7.8%. Hypertension 43.7% and diabetes mellitus 21.4% were the major co morbidities. Indications for ICU admission were mostly decreased level of consciousness 74.8%, accelerated hypertension 21.4%, respiratory failure 19.4%, aspiration pneumonia 10.7% and intractable seizures 2.9%. Majority of the patients 83.5% received antibiotics, 36% received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), 32% received proton pump inhibitors (PPI), and 10.6% received mechanical ventilation.44% of patients improved and discharged, 41% developed complications mainly aspiration pneumonia 24.3% and 15% died.
Conclusion: Sudanese patients with neurologic emergencies admitted to ICU were older and mostly males. Intracranial hemorrhage and meningoencephalitis were the main diagnosis. Patients commonly presented with altered mental status. A decreased level of consciousness (low GCS) was the foremost indication of ICU admission. Half of the patients were improved and aspiration pneumonia observed in a quarter of the patients.
Refining risk prediction in pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia through DNA methylation profiling
Authors: Orgueira Adrián Mosquera , Krali Olga , Míguez Carlos Pérez , Raíndo Andrés Peleteiro , Arias José Ángel Díaz , Pérez Marta Sonia González , Encinas Manuel Mateo Pérez , Sanmartín Manuel Fernández , Sinnet Daniel , Heyman Mats , Lönnerholm Gudmar , Norén-Nyström Ulrika , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Nordlund Jessica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer in children, and despite considerable progress in treatment outcomes, relapses still pose significant risks of mortality and long-term complications. To address this challenge, we employed supervised machine learning techniques, specifically random survival forests, to predict the risk of relapse and mortality using array-based DNA methylation data from a cohort of 763 pediatric ALL patients treated in Nordic countries. The relapse risk predictor (RRP) was constructed based on 16 CpG sites, demonstrating c-indexes of 0.667 and 0.677 in the training and test sets, respectively. The mortality risk predictor (MRP), comprising 53 CpG sites, exhibited c-indexes of 0.751 and 0.755 in the training and test sets, respectively. To validate the prognostic value of the predictors, we further analyzed two independent cohorts of Canadian (n = 42) and Nordic (n = 384) ALL patients. The external validation confirmed our findings, with the RRP achieving a c-index of 0.667 in the Canadian cohort, and the RRP and MRP achieving c-indexes of 0.529 and 0.621, respectively, in the Nordic cohort. The precision of the RRP and MRP models improved when incorporating traditional risk group data, underscoring the potential for synergistic integration of clinical prognostic factors. Collectively, our results highlight potential predictive power of DNA methylation as a standalone factor and its potential to refine risk stratification in clinical practice. These findings may pave the way for future advancements in personalized treatment strategies for pediatric ALL based on epigenetic profiling.
Efficient Computation of Lyapunov Functions Using Deep Neural Networks for the Assessment of Stability in Controller Design
Authors: Uyulan Caglar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This paper presents a deep neural network (DNN) based method to estimate approximate Lyapunov functions and their orbital derivatives, which are key to the stability of the system in control theory. Our approach addresses the challenge of the curse of dimensionality in control and optimization problems, demonstrating that the computational effort required grows only polynomically with the state dimension. This is a significant improvement over traditional methods. We emphasize that the calculated functions are approximations of Lyapunov functions and not exact representations. This distinction is important, as validating these approximations in high-dimensional environments is challenging and opens new avenues for future research. Our approach diverges from traditional grid-based approaches and moves away from relying on small-gain theorems and accurate subsystem knowledge. This flexibility is proven in deriving Lyapunov functions for the development of stabilizing feedback rules in nonlinear systems. A crucial aspect of our approach is the use of ReLU activation features in neural networks, which is steady with modern deep getting-to-know traits. We also explore the feasibility of using DNNs to estimate fairly constructive Lyapunov functions, despite the demanding situations posed through uncertainty. Our set of rules' outcomes aren't unique, highlighting the want to set up criteria for figuring out especially useful Lyapunov features. The paper culminates with the aid of emphasizing the capacity of DNNs to approximate compositional Lyapunov capabilities, especially underneath small-gain conditions, to mitigate the curse of dimensionality. Our contributions are manifold, including scalability in dealing with systems of various dimensionality, flexibility in accommodating both low and excessive-dimensional structures, and performance in computing Lyapunov features through deep learning strategies. However, challenges continue to be in the approximation accuracy and the verification of Lyapunov functions in better dimensions.
Effects of duration of uninterrupted fast in weekly intermittent fasting: Comparison of an 82-week 5:2 case report to an isocaloric modified 4:3 protocol.
Authors: Borer Katarina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) approach for weight loss obviates the inconvenience of calorie counting of daily caloric restriction (DCR). It tests IF ability to better counteract a metabolic defense mechanism (MDM) than DCR. MDM obstructs weight loss and facilitates weight regain possibly by increasing hunger and efficiency of exercise energy expenditure (EEf), and by reducing resting metabolic rate (RMR) and physical activity (PA). A knowledge gap exists about whether the duration of weekly uninterrupted fasts (UFs), where the IF protocols are isocaloric, mitigate the MDM. This study compares two IF protocols that have the same weekly number of hours of fast (108) and free access to food (60), but which differ in the duration of UF. An 82-week case report was conducted with twice-weekly near-absolute 36-hour fasts on non-consecutive days (5:2-NC) and compared to ten studies with a 20-hour UF on three non-consecutive days (4:3-NC) modified through provision of a 500–600 kcal meal on fasting days. The large meal raised insulin concentration for 4 hours and reduced the UF to 8 hours followed by 12 nocturnal hours of fasting. The hypotheses were that (1) because of their matched F/E ratio, the rates of weight and fat losses will be similar in both protocols, and (2) because of its longer UF period, hunger will be higher and RMR and voluntary physical activity lower, in 5:8-NC than in M4:3-NC protocol,. The main differences between the two protocols were, (1) slower rates of weight and fat losses, (2) lower sensation of hunger and substantial decline in fullness, no change in RMR and physical activity, and 2.5 times higher post-fast concentration of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in 8:2-NC compared to M4:3-NC protocol. Absence of increased hunger and the variability of the rate of weight loss in 5:2-NC protocol, plus increased EEf in one M4:3-NC study suggest that IF does not curtail MDM, but shortened UF period in M4:3-NC reduces elicitation of BHB. Thus, the addition of a large meal on fasting days is unnecessary for prevention of hunger and is counterproductive for increases in BHB and its potential health benefits.
Weakly-supervised 3D Coronary Artery Reconstruction From Two-view Angiographic Images
Authors: Liang Dongxue , Chen Shu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: The reconstruction of three-dimensional models of coronary arteries is of great significance for the localization, evaluation and diagnosis of stenosis and plaque in the arteries, as well as for the assisted navigation of interventional surgery. In the clinical practice, physicians use a few angles of coronary angiography to capture arterial images, so it is of great practical value to perform 3D reconstruction directly from coronary angiography images. However, this is a very difficult computer vision task due to the complex shape of coronary blood vessels, as well as the lack of data set and key point labeling.
Method:With the rise of deep learning, more and more work is being done to reconstruct 3D models of human organs from medical images using deep neural networks. We propose an adversarial and generative way to reconstruct three dimensional coronary artery models, from two different views of angiographic images of coronary arteries.
Results: we obtained an IoU of 0.407 on our combined dataset of CADSetL and CADSetR. Again, our results outperformed the five-view reconstructions of chair category (0.3717) and bench category (0.321) in the previous work .
Conclusion:By modifying the 3D reconstruction network from original GAN to WGAN, we improved the accuracy of 3D reconstruction for complex-shaped objects like the coronary arteries by a large margin over previous work.
A novel gallic acid-based anthocyanin electrospun sensor for monitoring shrimp freshness
Authors: He Hongmei , Wang Luwei , Huang Hui , Li Yongxin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In this study, a novel gallic acid-based anthocyanin electrospun sensor was developed to monitor the freshness of shrimp. The sensor containing blueberry anthocyanin as indicator dye, polyacrylonitrile as polymer, and gallic acid as copigment. The sensor was studied by SEM, FT-IR, color stability, the response to dimethylamine and trimethylamine. The results showed that the anthocyanin electrospun sensor was copigmented by gallic acid improved the color stability during storage (ΔE < 5) and sensitivity to dimethylamine and trimethylamine. The color difference of the anthocyanin-gallic acid electrospun sensor during shrimp storage over 5 days at 4°C were positively correlated with the contents of TVB-N (R2 = 0.9905) and pH (R2 = 0.9906). The color of sensors ranged from pink to purple to yellow, and they represented the freshness, medium freshness and spoilage of shrimp. The color changes were obvious by the naked eye, which proved that the anthocyanin-gallic acid sensor could evaluate the freshness of shrimp. The indicated membrane had good application value in the nondestructive testing of shrimp freshness. The combination of electrospinning technology and copigmentation provided a new idea for detecting the freshness of food.