bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La citoyenneté empêchée ! Freins et leviers au droit de vote face au vieillissement et au handicap
Authors: Desjeux Cyril , Viriot Durandal Jean-Philippe , Virriat Yan 
Published: December 2023

Dans la littérature scientifique, l’existence d’un «disability gap» et la diminution de la participation électorale à partir de 80 ans ont souvent été traitées de manière séparée. Parce que ces deux phénomènes ont été étudiés parallèlement, les auteurs de cet article proposent un regard croisé entre les domaines du handicap et du vieillissement sur la question de l’exercice de la citoyenneté avec un attention plus particulière sur l abstention. L’article invite en substance à l’observation des convergences et divergences des obstacles au vote qui se manifestent dans les parcours biographiques des personnes âgées et/ou en situation de handicap. Loin de proposer une lecture dichotomique du sujet, il interroge aussi le caractère parfois flou des catégories en envisageant notamment les cas spécifiques des personnes âgées en situation de handicap, ainsi que des personnes en situation de handicap vieillissantes.
Innovative Integration of Recycled Plastics for Flexible Pavement Design
Authors: Singh Bishwajeet , Subedi Bishal , Tiwari Nalraj , Sapkota Ram Prasad , Katuwal Shradha , Pokharel Srijan , Kafle Sudarshan , Dahal Sulav 
Published: December 2023

Plastic waste is a major problem due to its non-biodegradable nature. Incorporating recycled plastic in road construction enhances mechanical properties effectively. This paper encompasses methods to solve two major issues in Nepal, largely focused in major cities of Nepal: primarily, the management of solid waste, specifically with consideration of used plastics which have engulfed main cities; secondarily, the development of potholes on roads due to heavy traffic weight and some environmental factors such as excessive precipitation and infiltration, flooding conditions. This study inspects the effect of combining waste thermoplastic polymers like High-density polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and Polypropylene (PP) in flexible pavement design, at various plastic compositions. The plastics were grinded and mixed with the bitumen at a temperature range of 160 °C–170 °C. Various tests such as the Marshall Stability test, Penetration test, Ductility test, and, Softening Point test were carried out to find the resulting modifications from base bitumen. It was observed that the plastic mixed sample upto 10% by weight shows sufficient mechanical properties of pavements. Being a cheap and effective way of improving the capacity of flexible pavement, It is one of the alternative ways to use plastic waste.
Effect of Esketamine Added to Propofol Sedation on Desaturation and Hypotension in Bidirectional Endoscopy
Authors: Song Nan , Yang Yi , Zheng Zhong , Shi Wen-cheng , Tan Ai-ping , Shan Xi-sheng , Liu Hong , Meng Lingzhong , Peng Ke , Ji Fu-hai 
Published: December 2023

ImportancePropofol sedation is widely used for endoscopic procedures, but it poses risks of hemodynamic and respiratory depression. The addition of esketamine as an adjuvant may reduce propofol requirements and associated adverse events.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of low-dose esketamine added to propofol-based sedation on desaturation and hypotension during same-visit bidirectional endoscopy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial assessed patients from 3 teaching hospitals in China who were scheduled for same-visit bidirectional endoscopy between February 8 and November 30, 2022, and randomly assigned to receive esketamine or normal saline (placebo).InterventionsAfter induction of sedation with 0.1 μg/kg of sufentanil and 0.5 mg/kg of propofol, patients in the esketamine group received 0.15 mg/kg of intravenous esketamine, whereas patients in the placebo group received an equivalent volume of saline. Sedation was achieved through propofol titration.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the composite of desaturation and hypotension during the procedures. Secondary outcomes included desaturation, hypotension, propofol requirements, postprocedure pain and fatigue, nausea or vomiting, dizziness or headache, hallucination or nightmare, endoscopist satisfaction, and patient satisfaction.ResultsAmong the 663 initially enrolled patients, 660 completed the study (median [IQR] age, 48 [36-57] years; 355 [53.8%] female), with 331 randomized to the esketamine group and 329 to the placebo group. The administration of esketamine compared with placebo significantly reduced the incidence of the composite outcome of desaturation and hypotension (8.2% vs 21.0%; difference, −12.8 percentage points; odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.21-0.54; P &amp;lt; .001). Additionally, esketamine led to significantly lower incidences of desaturation (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.72; false discovery rate q = .01) and hypotension (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.60; q &amp;lt; .001) and reduced propofol requirements (difference, −58.9 mg; 95% CI, −65.7 to −52.2 mg; q &amp;lt; .001), without significant effects on other secondary outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing same-visit bidirectional endoscopy, the administration of low-dose esketamine resulted in an approximately 61% reduction in the incidence of desaturation and hypotension, accompanied by decreased propofol requirements. These findings support the use of esketamine as an adjuvant to propofol-based sedation in endoscopic procedures.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200055938
Dosimetric effects of rotational errors for single isocenter multiple targets in HyperArc plans: A phantom and retrospective imaging analysis study
Authors: Golmakani Samane , McGrath Andrew N. , Williams Timothy J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study uses a phantom to investigate the dosimetric impact of rotational setup errors for Single Isocenter Multiple Targets (SIMT) HyperArc plans. Additionally, it evaluates intra‐fractional rotational setup errors in patients treated with Encompass immobilization system.MethodsThe Varian HyperArc system (Varian Medical systems) was used to create plans targeting spherical PTVs with diameters of 5, 10, and 15 mm and with offsets of 1.3–5.3 cm from the isocenter. Dosimetric parameters, including mean and maximum dose, D99% and D95% were evaluated for various rotational setup errors ranging from 0.5° to 2° for the PTVs and certain CTVs created within PTVs. These rotational errors were applied in an order and direction that resulted in the maximum displacement of targets. The rotation was applied both uniformly around all three axes and individually around each axis. Furthermore, to link the findings to actual treatment scenarios, the intra‐fractional rotational setup errors were obtained for stereotactic cranial patients treated with the Encompass system using CBCT images acquired during treatments.ResultsThe maximum displacement of 2.7 mm was observed for targets located at 4.4 and 4.5 cm from the isocenter with rotational setup errors of 2°. The dose reduction for D99% values corresponding to this displacement were about 50%, 40%, and 30% for PTVs with diameters of 5, 10, and 15 mm, respectively. Both D99% and D95% showed a consistent trend of dose reduction across various rotational errors and PTV volumes. While the maximum dose remained consistent for different targets with various rotational errors, the mean dose decreased by approximately 25%, 12%, and 6% for PTVs with diameters of 5, 10, and 15 cm, respectively, with rotational errors of 2°. In addition, by analyzing CBCT images, the absolute mean rotational setup errors obtained during treatment with Encompass for pitch, roll, and yaw were 0.17° ± 0.13°, 0.11° ± 0.10°, and 0.12° ± 0.10° respectively. This data, combined with existing studies, suggest that a 0.5° rotational setup error is a safe choice to consider for calculating additional PTV margin to ensure adequate CTV coverage.Therefore, the assessment of maximum displacement and dosimetric parameters in this study, for a 0.5° rotational error, highlights the need for an additional 0.7 mm PTV margin for targets positioned at distances of 4.4 cm or greater from the isocenter.ConclusionsFor SIMT Plans, a 0.5° rotational setup error is recommended as a basis for calculating additional PTV margins to ensure adequate CTV coverage when using the Encompass system.
Frailty and Risk of Serious Infections in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic or Targeted‐Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Singh Namrata , Gold Laura S. , Lee Jiha , Wysham Katherine D. , Andrews James S. , Makris Una E. , England Bryant R. , George Michael D. , Baker Joshua F. , Jarvik Jeffrey , Heagerty Patrick J. , Singh Siddharth 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveIt remains unknown whether frailty status portends an increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating biologic or targeted‐synthetic (b/ts) disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between frailty and serious infections in a younger population of patients (<65 years old) with RA who initiated b/tsDMARDs.MethodsUsing MarketScan data, we identified new users of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), non‐TNFi biologic DMARDs, or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) between 2008 and 2019 among those with RA. Patients’ baseline frailty risk score was calculated using a Claims‐Based Frailty Index (≥0.2 defined as frail) 12 months prior to drug initiation. The primary outcome was time to serious infection; secondarily, we examined time‐to‐any infection and all‐cause hospitalizations. We used Cox proportional hazards to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and assessed the significance of interaction terms between frailty status and drug class.ResultsA total of 57,980 patients, mean (±SD) age 48.1 ± 10.1 were included; 48,139 (83%) started TNFi, 8,111 (14%) non‐TNFi biologics, and 1,730 (3%) JAKi. Among these, 3,560 (6%) were categorized as frail. Frailty was associated with a 50% increased risk of serious infections (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.5, 1.2–1.9) and 40% higher risk of inpatient admissions (1.4 [1.3–1.6]) compared with nonfrail patients among those who initiated TNFi. Frailty was also associated with a higher risk of any infection relative to nonfrail patients among those on TNFi (1.2 [1.1–1.3]) or non‐TNFi (1.2 [1.0–1.4]) or JAKi (1.4 [1.0–2.0]).ConclusionFrailty is an important predictor for the risk of adverse outcomes among patients with RA treated with biologic or targeted‐synthetic DMARDs.
Targeting Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 1 Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Kang Xinmei , Chen Huaxin , Zhou Zhuowei , Tu Silin , Cui Bo , Li Yanli , Dong Shuai , Zhang Qi , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLiver fibrosis is the integral process of chronic liver diseases caused by multiple etiologies and characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). During liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) transform into a highly proliferative, activated state, producing various cytokines, chemokines, and ECM. However, the precise mechanisms that license HSCs into the highly proliferative state remain unclear. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a requisite event for the transition of the G1/S and G2/M phases in eukaryotic cells. In this study, it is demonstrated that CDK1 and its activating partners, Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1, are upregulated in both liver fibrosis/cirrhosis patient specimens and the murine hepatic fibrosis models, especially in activated HSCs. In vitro, CDK1 is upregulated in spontaneously activated HSCs, and inhibiting CDK1 with specific small‐molecule inhibitors (CGP74514A, RO‐3306, or Purvalanol A) orshort hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) resulted in HSC apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by regulating Survivin expression. Above all, it is illustrated that increased CDK1 expression licenses the HSCs into a highly proliferative state and can serve as a potential therapeutic target in liver fibrosis.
Probing Physicochemical Performances of 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Composites During 8‐Month Exposure to Space Environment
Authors: Di Trani Nicola , Masini Attilio , Bo Tommaso , Paci Marco Maria , Batra Jaskirat Singh , Reggiani Maurizio , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) offer exceptional properties that make them highly relevant in the aerospace industry, such as high thermal conductivity and an outstanding strength‐to‐weight ratio. Advances in additive manufacturing have expanded the aerospace applications of CFRPs, even allowing for in‐space fabrication of complex structures. Understanding the stability of CFRPs in the harsh conditions of low Earth orbit (LEO) is crucial. LEO exposes materials to extreme environmental factors, such as vacuum, radiation, atomic oxygen, and temperature fluctuations, which can accelerate degradation. To investigate the space‐environment effect on material, changes in properties of 3D‐printed CFRPs are compared with CFRPs made through forging and conventional compression molding. Surface analyses examine morphological, chemical, and matrix composition changes, along with an evaluation of mechanical integrity. Remarkably, the naked 3D printed CFRPs withstood 8 months of LEO exposure similar to the compression molded CFRP samples, with changes in chemical properties limited to the sample's outer surface. Further, despite no protective coatings are used, limited surface erosion and no variation in mechanical strength are observed. These results provide relevant information for the development and deployment of novel 3D printed CFRPs materials for a wide spectrum of terrestrial and space applications.
Tidal Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conductive Interlayer Enables Supersmooth Lithium Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yao Haidi , Niu Fang , Ma Changjing , You Xingzi , Ning De , Qian Jiutong , Wang Man , Duan Qiange , Yang Cheng , Wu Qilong , Wang Jun , Zhang Jie , Lu Zhenhuan , Yang Chunlei , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLithium metal is the ultimate anode material for Li‐based battery chemistries with high energy density. However, inhomogeneous charge distribution derived from the unbalanced ion/electron transport is usually generated at the electrode/electrolyte interface, leading to uncontrollable dendrite growth with poor reversibility. Herein, a mixed ionic/electronic conductive (MIEC) interlayer activated from the in situ conversion and nano‐alloying reactions between the sputtered AlN arrays and metallic Li is efficiently constructed on the Li surface via facile mechanical calendaring. The 3D interconnected polyimide scaffolds with the extensive Li3N/Li9Al4 dual‐decoration promote charge redistribution while enhancing electrochemical kinetics. The significantly reduced nucleation/plateau overpotentials, the overwhelming bottom‐up lithium growth pattern derived from the tidal MIEC interlayer, combined with the inorganics‐dominating solid electrolyte interphase synergistically regulates the uniform Li nucleation/growth. As demonstrated, a prolonged lifespan of the symmetric cell over 7500 h with an ultralow polarization of 12 mV is achieved at 5 mA cm−2@5 mAh cm−2, further improving the rate capability and cycling performance of LiFePO4‐based practical full cells with a capacity retention of 85.4% after 220 cycles. The proposed approach is also applicable to match the roll‐to‐roll production process, presenting an efficient strategy to realize the high‐performance composite anode of industry‐adaptable potential.
A Stretchable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Fabric with Dual‐Mode Passive Personal Thermal Management
Authors: Dong Jingwen , Feng Yuezhan , Lin Kang , Zhou Bing , Su Fengmei , Liu Chuntai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding fabrics are crucial in addressing the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution. To meet wearable requirements, stretchability and thermal comfortability are often desired, but which still are challenging. Herein, a stretchable EMI shielding fabric is fabricated via electrospinning coupled with biaxial pre‐stretching spraying, in which a block stacking wrinkled silver nanowire (AgNW)/Ti3C2Tx MXene network is coated on one side of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fabric. As expected, the wrinkled structure protects conductive network from fracture during stretching process, so as to realize the strain‐invariant electrical conductivity. Thus, the fabric exhibits a stretchable EMI shielding performance of over 40 dB when subjected to 10–50% uniaxial strains or 21–125% biaxial strains. More importantly, the white TPU/PDMS side and the black AgNW/MXene side enable the fabric passive radiative cooling and heating, respectively. The cooling side exhibits high mid‐infrared emissivity (97.5%) and solar reflectance (90%), thus reducing the skin temperature by ≈4.9 °C. The heating side with high solar absorptivity (86.6%) and photothermal effect increased the skin temperature by ≈5 °C. Therefore, the fabirc with stretchable EMI shielding and Janus‐type dual‐mode personal passive thermal management is promising in future wearable products.
Potassium Selenocyanate (KSeCN) Additive Enabled Stable Cathode Electrolyte Interphase and Iron Dissolution Inhibition toward Long‐Cycling Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Kang , Wang Zixing , Mo Ying , Ke Jinlong , Zhou Wang , Wang Kexuan , Chen Shi , Gao Peng , Hu Aiping , Liu Jilei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are promising energy storage devices owing to the close redox potential of potassium (K) to lithium and rich abundance of K resource, thus promoting the exploration of efficient cathode materials for K‐ions storage. Fe‐based Prussian blue analogues (KFeHCF) are promising cathode materials for KIBs due to their combined advantages in low cost and high energy density. However, the rapid capacity decay induced by unstable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and dissolution of transition metal ions leads to limited lifespans (e.g., hundreds of cycles) of K∥KFeHCF batteries. Incorporating additives into electrolytes is an economical and effective way to construct robust CEI for high‐performance KIBs. Herein, a multifunctional electrolyte additive, potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN), is introduced to effectively construct stable, homogeneous and conductive CEI films, which leads to the inhibition of Fe dissolution and stabilization of KFeHCF structure during cycling. With 0.5 wt% of KSeCN in conventional carbonated electrolyte, the K∥KFeHCF battery exhibits promoted cycling performance with a capacity retention rate of 87% after 500 cycles at 4.5 V cutoff voltage. This finding provides a new paradigm for developing and designing potassium‐ion battery electrolytes.
Artificial Breakthrough of Cell Membrane Barrier for Transmembrane Substance Exchange: A Review of Recent Progress
Authors: Wang Liying , Zhu Xinyu , Xu Chengyan , Jin Dongdong , Ma Xing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCell membrane composed of lipid bilayer is a selectively permeable membrane that only allows specific molecules to pass through. While such selectivity is essential for the survival and function of cells, there exist instances when it is necessary to overcome the cell membrane barrier. Study on the artificial cell membrane barrier breakthrough strategies is of great significance for the development of drug delivery systems and the understanding of cellular behaviors. Herein, the advancements in the development of strategies for opening cell membrane barriers over the past decade are summarized. The main transmembrane mechanisms are elucidated and then divided into three categories, i.e., cell perforation via microinjection/external physical fields, cell endocytosis‐assisted construction of artificial transmembrane channels, and untethered micro/nanomachines. Next, the potential applications after opening the cell membrane are discussed, which mainly focus on the transmembrane cargo delivery into the cell and endogenous substance extraction out from the cell. Finally, this review outlines the current challenges that impede the realization of practical applications and presents an outlook of future opportunities to promote further development. Through overcoming the challenges, it is anticipated that artificial cell membrane breakthrough strategies will provide a revolutionized tool in the near future to advance the field of biomedicine and biotechnology.
Recent Advances in Layered Double Hydroxides Membranes: Insights into Multiple Mass Transport
Authors: Hu Jing , Zhang Yuge , Dong Mingdong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) consist of metal cations with positive charges and anions located between their layers, resulting in a structured gallery height and a wide array of surface functionalities. In recent years, LDHs have garnered substantial attention due to their expanded application range through the development of LDHs membranes, bringing exciting possibilities across various fields. A deep understanding of mass transport mechanisms is essential for designing membrane materials effectively and enhancing separation processes. In this review, In this review, the strategies employed for creating continuous and well‐intergrown LDHs membranes are first elaborated. Subsequently, the study delves into a detailed discussion of the selective transport processes involving gas molecules, liquid molecules, and ions through LDHs membranes. Based on the interactions between permeated molecules and LDHs membranes, the mass transport mechanisms can be concluded in molecular sieving mechanism, solution‐diffusion mechanism and facilitated transport mechanism. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are outlined.
Soft Bioelectronics for Neuroengineering: New Horizons in the Treatment of Brain Tumor and Epilepsy
Authors: Yoo Seungwon , Kim Minjeong , Choi Changsoon , Kim Dae‐Hyeong , Cha Gi Doo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoft bioelectronic technologies for neuroengineering have shown remarkable progress, which include novel soft material technologies and device design strategies. Such technological advances that are initiated from fundamental brain science are applied to clinical neuroscience and provided meaningful promises for significant improvement in the diagnosis efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of various brain diseases recently. System‐level integration strategies in consideration of specific disease circumstances can enhance treatment effects further. Here, recent advances in soft implantable bioelectronics for neuroengineering, focusing on materials and device designs optimized for the treatment of intracranial disease environments, are reviewed. Various types of soft bioelectronics for neuroengineering are categorized and exemplified first, and then details for the sensing and stimulating device components are explained. Next, application examples of soft implantable bioelectronics to clinical neuroscience, particularly focusing on the treatment of brain tumor and epilepsy are reviewed. Finally, an ideal system of soft intracranial bioelectronics such as closed‐loop‐type fully‐integrated systems is presented, and the remaining challenges for their clinical translation are discussed.