bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the adsorption mechanism of phosphoric acid-modified bamboo charcoal for chlorogenic acid based on density functional theory
Authors: Zheng Wenxi , Zhang Sheng , Deng Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Bamboo charcoal has garnered wide recognition as an adsorbent owing to its stability and availability. Phosphoric acid modification contributes to forming specific functional groups on the surface of bamboo charcoal, culminating in the augmentation of its adsorption capabilities.

Results
The modification process in this study involved impregnating the bamboo charcoal in a 45% mass fraction of phosphoric acid solution with a 1:10 ratio (bamboo charcoal powder to phosphoric acid), followed by activation at a temperature of 500 °C for a duration of 1.5 h. The modification resulted in the formation of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate groups on the surface of the bamboo charcoal. Furthermore, the specific surface area of the modified bamboo charcoal surged from 4.91 m2/g to 115.18 m2/g, the average aperture decreased from 7.15 nm to 1.99 nm, and the pore volume escalated by 6.5 times. On this basis, a comparison in the adsorption capability for chlorogenic acid, a natural small-molecule active ingredient, was drawn before and after the modification of bamboo charcoal. The results indicate that the modified bamboo charcoal showcases an impressive 46.8-fold increase in its adsorption capacity when juxtaposed with the unmodified bamboo charcoal. Through the calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), the addition of functional groups on the surface of the modified bamboo charcoal module allows for the formation of hydrogen bonds with the chlorogenic acid module, with the highest binding energy reaching − 57.59 kJ/mol.

Conclusion
As evidenced by the adsorption kinetic studies, the curve of modified bamboo charcoal for chlorogenic acid abides by a first-order kinetic equation. Additionally, adsorption thermodynamic studies reveal that the curve of modified bamboo charcoal for chlorogenic acid conforms to the Boltzmann equation. These results shed light on the mechanism of selectively adsorbing specific constituents using phosphoric acid-modified bamboo charcoal, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation for the application of bamboo charcoal.

Graphical Abstract
An investigation into the motivation and attitudes of Japanese students toward learning English: A case of elementary and junior high school students
Authors: Kirkpatrick Robert , Kirkpatrick Junko , Derakhshan Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven the importance of academic motivation, numerous inquiries have scrutinized the antecedents of this psycho-emotional variable in various educational environments. Nonetheless, the role of students’ attitudes in their academic motivation has remained elusive. Put simply, it is unclear whether students’ attitudes can make positive changes in their learning motivation. To bridge this gap, the present investigation explored Japanese students’ attitudes towards learning English. The research also examined the interplay between attitudes and academic motivation from Japanese students’ perspectives. In doing so, a closed-ended survey was given to 417 elementary and high school students. Following that, some interview sessions were conducted with a sample of elementary and high school teachers. The study outcomes disclosed that almost all participants had positive attitudes toward learning English. The results also demonstrated that Japanese students perceived personal attitudes to be highly influential in learning motivation. The outcomes of the present research may enrich the existing literature on the association between personal attitudes and learning motivation. The outcomes of this investigation may be beneficial and illuminating for school principals and language teachers. The findings would notably expand their knowledge about the predictors of academic motivation in language education environments.
iMN041 is an immunotherapeutic and an effective treatment in mouse xenograft models of pancreatic cancer, renal cancer and triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Daifuku Richard , Zhang Yu , Wang Jingjing , Gu Qingyang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
iMN013 (5-aza-2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine), a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, and its prodrug iMN041 (3',5'-di-trimethylsilyl-2',2'-difluro-5- azadeoxycytidine), have been shown to be active in mouse xenograft models of hematogenous and solid tumors. In a xenograft of non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460), iMN041 treated mice demonstrated a marked inflammatory response upon analysis of tumor histology, which was hypothesized to be mediated by upregulation of natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor immune responses generated by iMN041 and test the efficacy iMN041 in solid tumors with poor prognosis.

Methods
In the Renca syngeneic mouse model, tumors were harvested following two doses of iMN041 or vehicle control, and analyzed by fluorescent-activated cell sorting for an antitumor immune response. iMN041 was also tested for tumor growth inhibition and animal survival for up to 42 days in xenograft models of pancreatic, renal, and triple negative breast cancer.

Results
Tumors from mice implanted with the Renca cell line and treated with iMN041 demonstrated an increase in granzyme B in NK (p = 0.024) and NKT cells (p = 0.004), an increase in the ratios of CD8-T to regulatory T cells (Treg) (p = 0.0026) and CD4-T to Treg cells (p = 0.022) and a decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (p = 0.040), compared to vehicle controls. A significant decrease in MAGE-A positive tumor cells in treated mice, concordant with a proportional decrease in all live tumor cells, suggests that these cells are one of the main targets of the activated immune system. Xenograft models of the triple negative breast cancer cell line DU4475, renal cancer cell lines 786-O and Caki-1, and pancreatic cancer cell lines CFPAC-1 and SW1990, demonstrated significantly lower tumor volumes, and, where there were a sufficient number of events, significantly improved survival in treated mice compared to vehicle control mice.

Conclusions
In mouse cancer models, iMN041 is an effective treatment for solid tumors mediated in part through a unique antitumor immune response.
Detection of epileptic seizure in EEG signals using machine learning and deep learning techniques
Authors: Kunekar Pankaj , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Gaur Pramod 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAround 50 million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a chronic, non-communicable brain disorder. Several screening methods, including electroencephalography, have been proposed to identify epileptic episodes. EEG data, which are frequently utilised to enhance epilepsy analysis, offer essential information on the electrical processes of the brain. Prior to the emergence of deep learning (DL), feature extraction was accomplished by standard machine learning techniques. As a result, they were only as good as the people who made the features by hand. But with DL, both feature extraction and classification are fully automated. These methods have significantly advanced several fields of medicine, including the diagnosis of epilepsy. In this paper, the works focused on automated epileptic seizure detection using ML and DL techniques are presented as well as their comparative analysis is done. The UCI-Epileptic Seizure Recognition dataset is used for training and validation. Some of the conventional ML and DL algorithms are used with a proposed model which uses long short-term memory (LSTM) to find the best approach. Post that comparative analysis is performed on these algorithms to find the best approach for epileptic seizure detection. As a result, the proposed model LSTM gives a validation accuracy of 97% giving the most appropriate and precise result as compared to other mentioned algorithms used in this study.
Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Immunogenicity of DRL-Trastuzumab Versus Herceptin in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Reddy Naveen , Reddy Pramod , Ranpura Ankit , Maharaj Narendra , Arora Rajendersingh , Mamillapalli Gopichand , Adhav Aditya Shirish , Diwan Ashok Kumar , Manikhas Alexey , Krasnozhon Dmitriy 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE Dr Reddy's Laboratories Trastuzumab (DRL_TZ) is a biosimilar to Herceptin under development. The present study was conducted to evaluate efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and immunogenicity of DRL_TZ in comparison with the reference medicinal product (RMP) along with concomitant weekly paclitaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind study in female patients with HER2-positive MBC, randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either DRL_TZ or the RMP, that is, an innovator product sourced from the European region, along with additional chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for up to 24 weeks. The primary end point was the best overall response rate (ORR) as per RECIST 1.1 criteria. Progression-free survival rate at 6 months (PFS6), safety, immunogenicity, and PK parameters were assessed as secondary end points. RESULTS A total of 164 patients were randomly assigned to receive either DRL_TZ or the RMP. Best ORR in the per-protocol population was comparable, 91.9% (93.3% CI, 83.2 to 96.3) versus 82.1% (93.3% CI, 72.0 to 89.1) in DRL_TZ and RMP arms, respectively; the difference between the arms was 9.8% with a 93.3% CI of –1.3 to 20.8. The PFS6 rate, safety, PK profile, and antidrug antibody incidence were comparable. An additional 44 patients were recruited in the postrandomization phase, in an open-label manner, and started on DRL_TZ to generate more data on efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. The additional data with DRL_TZ, when pooled, were similar to the RMP data. CONCLUSION DRL_TZ was found to have similar efficacy and comparable safety, PK, and immunogenicity profiles as the RMP.
No benefit of the trochanteric stabilizing plate on loss of fracture reduction in AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures
Authors: Alm Carl E. , Karlsten Anders , Madsen Jan E. , Nordsletten Lars , Brattgjerd Jan E. , Pripp Are H. , Frihagen Frede , Röhrl Stephan M. 
Published: January 2024

AimsDespite limited clinical scientific backing, an additional trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) has been advocated when treating unstable trochanteric fractures with a sliding hip screw (SHS). We aimed to explore whether the TSP would result in less post operative fracture motion, compared to SHS alone.MethodsOverall, 31 patients with AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures were randomized to either a SHS alone or a SHS with an additional TSP. To compare postoperative fracture motion, radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was performed before and after weightbearing, and then at four, eight, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. With the “after weightbearing” images as baseline, we calculated translations and rotations, including shortening and medialization of the femoral shaft.ResultsSimilar migration profiles were observed in all directions during the course of healing. At one year, eight patients in the SHS group and 12 patients in the TSP group were available for analysis, finding a clinically non-relevant, and statistically non-significant, difference in total translation of 1 mm (95% confidence interval -4.7 to 2.9) in favour of the TSP group. In line with the migration data, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were found.ConclusionThe TSP did not influence the course of healing or postoperative fracture motion compared to SHS alone. Based on our results, routine use of the TSP in AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures cannot be recommended. The TSP has been shown, in biomechanical studies, to increase stability in sliding hip screw constructs in both unstable and intermediate stable trochanteric fractures, but the clinical evidence is limited. This study showed no advantage of the TSP in unstable (AO 31-A2) fractures in elderly patients when fracture movement was evaluated with radiostereometric analysis.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(1):37–45.
Attitude measurement of ultraclose-range spacecraft based on improved YOLOv5s and adaptive Hough circle extraction
Authors: Liu Qi , Tang Xiyu , Huo Ju 
Published: January 2024

In order to fulfill the requirements for various operations in space, such as rendezvous, docking, and capturing, there is a pressing need to achieve ultraclose-range spacecraft pose measurement. This paper addresses the challenges of pose measurement under low-light conditions at ultraclose range by introducing a stereovision solution based on target detection and adaptive circle extraction. Initially, an improved target detection algorithm is employed to expedite feature object detection. Subsequently, an adaptive circle extraction algorithm is developed through analysis of camera imaging to surmount challenges related to feature extraction and potential feature loss in the space environment. This approach facilitates swift and accurate measurement of spacecraft at ultraclose range. The results showcase a 66.36% reduction in parameter count for the enhanced target detection algorithm compared with the prevalent YOLOv7_tiny algorithm. Additionally, the adaptive circle extraction algorithm demonstrates an 11.4% increase in cooperative target feature extraction precision compared with existing methods while maintaining requisite detection speed. Simulation experiments indicate that the real-time position measurement error for spacecraft at ultraclose range is less than 0.18 mm, and angle measurement error is less than 0.05°. This presents a viable visual solution for spacecraft pose measurement at ultraclose range in low-light environments.
Revealing and reshaping attractor dynamics in large networks of cortical neurons
Authors: Beer Chen , Barak Omri 
Published: January 2024

Attractors play a key role in a wide range of processes including learning and memory. Due to recent innovations in recording methods, there is increasing evidence for the existence of attractor dynamics in the brain. Yet, our understanding of how these attractors emerge or disappear in a biological system is lacking.
By following the spontaneous network bursts of cultured cortical networks, we are able to define a vocabulary of spatiotemporal patterns and show that they function as discrete attractors in the network dynamics. We show that electrically stimulating specific attractors eliminates them from the spontaneous vocabulary, while they are still robustly evoked by the electrical stimulation. This seemingly paradoxical finding can be explained by a Hebbian-like strengthening of specific pathways into the attractors, at the expense of weakening non-evoked pathways into the same attractors. We verify this hypothesis and provide a mechanistic explanation for the underlying changes supporting this effect.
Post-marketing active surveillance of Guillain Barré Syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination in persons aged ≥12 years in Italy: A multi-database self-controlled case series study
Authors: Morciano Cristina , Spila Alegiani Stefania , Menniti Ippolito Francesca , Belleudi Valeria , Trifirò Gianluca , Zanoni Giovanna , Puccini Aurora , Sapigni Ester , Mores Nadia , Leoni Olivia , Monaco Giuseppe , Clagnan Elena , Zappetti Cristina , Bovo Emanuela , Cutillo Maria , Da Cas Roberto , Massari Marco 
Published: January 2024

Background
Recently published studies have reported association of COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria) with Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS). Less is known about the safety of other COVID-19 vaccines with respect to GBS outcome. This study investigated the association of COVID-19 vaccines with GBS in more than 15 million persons aged ≥12 years in Italy.

Methods
Study population was all individuals aged ≥12 years who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccines, admitted to emergency care/hospital for GBS from 27 December 2020–30 September 2021 in Italy. Identification of GBS cases and receipt of at least one dose of mRNA-1273 (Elasomeran), BNT162b2 (Tozinameran), ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) through record linkage between regional health care and vaccination registries. Relative Incidence (RI) was estimated Self-controlled case series method adapted to event-dependent exposure using in the 42-day exposure risk period after each dose compared with other observation periods.

Results
Increased risk of GBS was found after first (RI = 6.83; 95% CI 2.14–21.85) and second dose (RI = 7.41; 2.35–23.38) of mRNA-1273 and first dose of ChAdOx1-S (RI = 6.52; 2.88–14.77). Analysis by age found an increased risk among those aged≥60 years after first (RI = 8.03; 2.08–31.03) and second dose (RI = 7.71; 2.38–24.97) of mRNA-1273. The first dose of ChAdOx1-S was associated with GBS in those aged 40–59 (RI = 4.50; 1.37–14.79) and in those aged ≥ 60 years (RI = 6.84; 2.56–18.28).

Conclusions
mRNA-1273 and ChAdOx1-S vaccines were associated with an increased risk of GBS however this risk resulted in a small number of excess cases. Limitations were loss of GBS outpatient cases and imprecision of the estimates in the subgroup analysis due to a low number of events.
The lived experiences of relatives of autistic adults, and their perceptions of their relationships with autistic adults across multiple age-related transitions and demands: A qualitative interview study with reflexive thematic analysis
Authors: Hamilton Jahnese , Finch Tracy , Le Couteur Ann , Mackintosh Joan , Petrou Alex , Garland Deborah , Parr Jeremy R. 
Published: January 2024

Background
There is a need to better understand autism across the life course, including the lives of both autistic people and supporting relatives. As part of a larger mixed methods cohort study involving autistic adults, carers and relatives this sub-study focused on the experiences of relatives alone to learn more about the lives of people from the wider personal networks. Our research questions were: 1. What are the experiences of family members who care for and/or support autistic adults, 2. How can the viewpoints of relatives add to what we know about transitions and challenges experienced by autistic adults, and 3. What strategies/support have been helpful for adults and relatives?

Methods
Relatives of autistic adults were purposively sampled and recruited using the Relatives/Carers cohort from the Adult Autism Spectrum Cohort—UK. 18 participants aged 31-81years who were related to 16 autistic adults aged 18-57years were interviewed for 24-91minutes. Interview transcripts were examined using reflexive thematic analysis.

Main findings
Two overarching themes were developed, ‘Family support goes a long way in caring for autistic adults’ and ‘When families turn to society for support’ with subthemes. Relatives described benefits they had gained and their admiration for autistic adults. They reflected on how they gave support for independence in various contexts of dependence. They also identified the challenges that both autistic adults and families face navigating support systems (for example for healthcare and employment). An important novel outcome was the advocated value of role-models with lived experience who come from outside of the family.

Recommendations
The findings lead to recommendations for: (i) Strategies to reduce the barriers for support that are faced by autistic individuals and relatives during crisis points; (ii) recognition and support for what enables both relatives and autistic adults to function independently (e.g. funded activities, flexible employment); (iii) future planning conversations to include relatives who can enhance knowledge and help plan for future care or support needs for autistic adults and (iv) opportunities for role models (persons with lived experience, autistic adults and relatives) to inspire others and disseminate knowledge.

Conclusions
These findings add valuable insights into the experiences of relatives of autistic adults and challenge the reader to have greater appreciation of the many roles relatives can contribute across time and in a variety of contexts. These perspectives add important information for those working with and planning provision for autistic adults.
COVID-19 managed on respiratory wards and intensive care units: Results from the national COVID-19 outcome report in Wales from March 2020 to December 2021
Authors: Barry Simon M. , Davies Gareth R. , Underwood Jonathan , Davies Chris R. , Lewis Keir E. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundA COVID-19 hospital guideline was implemented across all 18 acute hospitals in Wales in March 2020, promoting ward management of COVID pneumonitis and data collected across the first 3 Waves of the pandemic (Wave 1 March 1st2020 to November 1st2020, Wave 2 November 2st2020 to February 21st2021 and Wave 3 June 1st2021 to December 14th2021). The aim of this paper is to compare outcomes for patients by admission setting and type of ventilatory support given, with a particular focus on CPAP therapy.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of those aged over 18 admitted to hospital with community acquired COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 2021. The outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. Univariate logistic regression models were used to compare crude outcomes across the waves. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess outcomes by different settings and treatments after adjusting for Wave, age, sex, co-morbidity and deprivation.ResultsOf the 7,803 records collected, 5,887 (75.4%) met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of those cases identified statistically significant outcome improvements across the waves for all patients combined (Waves 1 to 3: 31.5% to 18.8%, p<0.01), all ward patients (28.9% to 17.7%, p<0.01), and all ICU patients (44.3% to 32.2%, p = 0.03). Sub group analyses identified outcome improvements in ward patients without any oxygen therapy (Waves 1 to 3: 22.2% to 12.7%, p<0.01), with oxygen therapy only (34.0% to 12.9%, p<0.01) and with CPAP only (63.5% to 39.2%, p<0.01). The outcome improvements for ICU patients receiving CPAP only (35.7% to 24.6%, p = 0.31) or invasive ventilation (61.6% to 54.6%, p = 0.43) were not statistically significant though the numbers being admitted to ICU were small. The logistic regression models identified important age and comorbidity effects on outcomes. The multivariable model that took these into account suggested no statistically significantly greater risk of death for those receiving CPAP on the ward compared to those receiving CPAP in ICU (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.60).ConclusionsThere were successive reductions in mortality in inpatients over the three Waves reflecting new treatments and better management of complications. Mortality for those requiring CPAP was similar in respiratory wards and ICUs after adjusting for differences in their respective patient populations.