bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
lntertextuality, Reported Speech, and Affect
Authors: Matoesian Gregory M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reported speech—speech from historical settings—constitutes the evidential infrastructure of the adversarial system of justice. Written documents, electronic recordings, and verbal statements from prior depositions, affidavits, police interviews, and testimony form the evidential basis of both criminal and civil cases. Moreover, reported speech often includes words, utterances, and conversations from a historical speech situation relevant to the current case and fact at issue, even though witnesses may have never stated these formally in police interviews (or elsewhere), and such historical speech has thus not entered into official court documentation before that moment in the trial. In date and acquaintance rape cases, the use of reported speech is especially crucial for both sides because many of the legally relevant issues turn less on what the law refers to as “real” evidence—such as X-rays of physical injury, a weapon, or the state of the victim’s clothing—than on oral evidence (or testimony) about what was said between two or more people in a historical context (Rembar 1980). Using reported speech as an epistemological device to undermine the witness’s credibility is the most dramatic trial technique in the attorney’s verbal arsenal; the process of impeachment depends on reported speech to discredit a witness’s testimony by demonstrating prior inconsistent statements. In fact, in his classic text on trial technique, Mauet (1996: 247) recommends that when attorneys impeach using prior inconsistent statements, they should “use the actual words of the impeaching statement.”
Weaving the Past
Authors: Kellogg Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Weaving the Past offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary history of Latin America’s indigenous women. While the book concentrates on native women in Mesoamerica and the Andes, it covers indigenous people in other parts of South and Central America, including lowland peoples in and beyond Brazil, and Afro-indigenous peoples, such as the Garifuna, of Central America. Drawing on primary and secondary sources, it argues that change, not continuity, has been the norm for indigenous peoples whose resilience in the face of complex and long-term patterns of cultural change is due in no small part to the roles, actions, and agency of women. The book provides broad coverage of gender roles in native Latin America over many centuries, drawing upon a range of evidence from archaeology, anthropology, religion, and politics. Primary and secondary sources include chronicles, codices, newspaper articles, and monographic work on specific regions. Arguing that Latin America’s indigenous women were the critical force behind the more important events and processes of Latin America’s history, Kellogg interweaves the region’s history of family, sexual, and labor history with the origins of women’s power in prehispanic, colonial, and modern South and Central America. Shying away from interpretations that treat women as house bound and passive, the book instead emphasizes women’s long history of performing labor, being politically active, and contributing to, even supporting, family and community well-being.
Of Warriors and Working Women Gender in Later Prehispanic Mesoamerica and the Andes
Authors: Kellogg Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The visual imagery of female deities (such as the decapitated Mexica goddess Coyolxauhqui; see fig. 2.1) is captivating and has drawn much attention from those interested in the later prehistory of indigenous women before the arrival of Europeans. Such complex, often contradictory, images offer scholars rich but often puzzling materials for interpreting and understanding women’s lives, their statuses, and gender ideologies in the complex cultures and civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andes. In many cultures, such as those of the preInka Andes, visual materials constitute some of the few pieces of information available about women in the prehistoric past, and finding voices, reconstructing individual identities, or reading agency from representations and remains presents interpretive challenges. Nevertheless, such images, often dramatic in nature, offer a window onto the gendered worlds of the Latin American prehispanic past, especially those of the Classic and Post-classic periods for Mesoamerica and the Middle Horizon through late Horizon periods for the Andes, when urban, class-based societies developed.
Re-Creating the Corporation
Authors: Ackoff Russell L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last three decades the average life expectancy of a corporation in North America has dipped well below 20 years. In fact, by 1983 a full third of the 1970 Fortune 500 companies had been acquired, merged, or broken apart. In this landmark book, one of the business world's foremost pioneers, Russell L. Ackoff, delivers this indispensable guide for those hoping to beat these odds--and to better navigate the corporate challenges of the next millennium. While most business and management schools continue to teach the functions of a corporation separately--production, marketing, finance, personnel--the reality is that for a corporation to endure each division must work with the others to create an effective system. Re-Creating the Corporation is Ackoff's masterful blueprint for understanding and creating these model corporate systems. In four comprehensive sections--Background, Process, Designs, and Change--Ackoff lays out in clear concise prose the five organizational goals of successful corporate systems: plan effectively, learn and adapt rapidly, democratize, introduce internal market economies, and employ a flexible structure that will minimize the need for future restructuring. And through a deft mix of practical and theoretical examples drawn from a wide range of applications in a wide range of firms, this book ultimately guides executives to the system best suited to meet their organizational goals. Re-Creating the Corporation, which is the culmination of a lifetime of innovative and insightful business thought from one of the business world's premier thinkers, is essential reading for those attempting to navigate the rapidly changing economic environment of the next millennium.
The Nature of Systems
Authors: Ackoff Russell L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over time, every way of thinking generates important problems that it cannot solve. Nevertheless, Albert Einstein’s simple but profound thought is not widely appreciated or acted on. As a result, our society, its institutions, and the organizations operating within it continue to try to solve their critical problems in old ways, but succeed only in exacerbating them. For example: the United States has the highest percentage of its population in prison of any country in the world, yet has the highest crime rate. It spends more per capita on health than any other country in the world, yet ranks seventh in the results obtained and is the only developed country without universal coverage. It pours money into education, yet has the highest rate of illiteracy in the developed world, and that rate is increasing. It adds highways and expressways while increasing congestion and air pollution. It has a larger percentage of eligible voters not voting than any developed country.
Sociolinguistics
Authors: Fishman Joshua A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the chapters in this book start by defining the terms ethnicity, identity, and even language. In this chapter I assume that those terms are roughly under stood by now; as necessary, I will define them only implicitly, in the context of examples and more general discussion. Nevertheless, the term sociolinguistic may benefit from definition at the very outset, because it refers to a rather new area of specialization and because it is used here as an adjective rather than as a noun. I use this adjective to embrace both the sociology of language and sociolinguistic. These two specializations constitute, respectively, the more sociological and the more linguistic aspects of a growing awareness that language use and language behaviors (including both language structure and a variety of behaviors toward languages) vary in accord with the social contexts in which they transpire. The total awareness, in all of its richness, is what I refer to when I speak of “socio linguistic perspective.” Because neither traditional sociology nor traditional linguistics has paid much attention to the potential boundary area between them, sociolinguistic perspective has developed to fill this gap. Ultimately, like social psychology, it may find a real home in one or both of its parent disciplines.
Latin America
Authors: Garcia Ofelia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The well-known merengue just quoted eloquently expresses the sentiments of today’s Latin Americans toward their cultural and linguistic identity. Although he is speaking of Dominicans, the popular poet Juan Luis Guerra and his famous music group transcend national identity, as Latin Americans everywhere vote with their dancing feet their approval of Guerra’s critical vision of Latin American identity. The popular poetry of this merengue confirms concepts that were clearly de fined by Latin American thinkers and essayists of the early twentieth century. Instructive in this regard is Guerra’s allusion to the 1492 encounter between Europeans and Native Americans and his definition of today’s Latin Americans as “a gleaming race/black, white and tafna but, who discovered whom?” Guerra’s verse is reminiscent of Mexican essayist Jose Vasconcelos’s 1925 essay entitled “La Raza C6smica.” The recognition of mestizaje, of the mixture of races, is essential in defining Latin America in the twentieth century, as is the transculturaci6n that has molded its identity and is exemplified in the question, “but, who discovered whom?” The concept of transculturation was first defined by Cuban ethnologist Fernando Ortiz in his 1940 book, El contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azucar. By opposing his transculturation to the Anglo-American concept of acculturation, Ortiz identifies a symbiotic Latin American identity, the product and recreation of the many cultures of those who have been in and come to Latin America.
The Celtic World
Authors: Williams Colin H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The so-called ethnic revival of Western Europe involves the reassertion of the rights and obligations of long-submerged identities in an increasingly uniform world order. From a Celtic perspective, it is perverse that both language and ethnic identity are subject to intense debate. All Celtic languages are spoken by a minority in their respective territories. Many inhabitants of the six nations involved namely, Brittany, Cornwall, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Scotland, and Wales-would object to having an “ethnic identity” ascribed to them and would deny that they inhabited a Celtic world. There is a contested reality here which needs careful interpretation.
The Arab World (Maghreb and Near East)
Authors: Ennaji Moha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with the relationship between language and ethnic identity set against the historical and linguistic background of the Arab world. It looks at the changes that have occurred there in the domain of language and ethnicity since the 1960s and presents the reasons for this change. The extent to which the languages and varieties used in the Arab context are affected by the worldwide ethnic revival are examined. The chapter attempts to shed light on the Arab world, focusing particularly on the area of northern Africa called the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Mauritania), which is both Arab and Muslim.
The Far East
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Far East has been defined as the domain of chopsticks and Chinese characters. The latter part of this rather loose definition is relevant to present purposes, for writing plays a major role in the linguistic culture all over East Asia. Popular notions of language strongly depend on writing to the extent that writing is often confused with language. Writing is at the core of Far Eastern cultures and dominates popular conceptions of language that regard the spoken word as an imperfect rendition of an ideal written norm. Such an attitude reflects the great emphasis put on education and the systematic study of written language. Although a variety of writing systems now exist in the countries of East Asia, the Chinese script, together with the classical Chinese written language, has spread through out the region and thus become an essential part of the cultural heritage that unites the peoples who live between Singapore in the west and Japan in the east. Writing is critical in the development of bureaucratic states, and as a means of ex pressing government authority it ranks high in terms of binding loyalties. The long and deep-rooted tradition of classical Chinese literacy has furthermore softened the impact of European colonialism, limiting the hegemonic effects of cultural contact. In one way or another, Chinese writing has affected the complex structures of linguistic identities in East Asia. Although its functional importance has been reduced significantly in various areas in the course of this century, sentimental attachment to this tradition is still strong.
Stem Cell Populations: Purification and Behavior
Authors: Pohlmann Suzanne J , Slayton, William B , Spangrude Gerald J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The limited lifespan of most mature blood cells requires the daily production of billions of new cells. The continuum of cells generated through hematopoiesis ensures blood production throughout the lifetime of an individual. Intensive investigation since the I 960s has led to the identification of the cell population responsible for sustaining this process the hematopoietic stem cell.
The Lineage Commitment and Self-Renewal of Blood Stem Cells
Authors: May Gillian , Enver Tariq 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any cell that has the capacity to self-replicate and give rise to more differentiated progeny can loosely be described as a stem cell. More specific definitions of different categories of stem cells depend on operational criteria based on the varying stringencies of the functional assays employed to test the extent of self-replication or differentiation capacity (Morrison et al., 1997).
Blast Cell Colony Assays
Authors: Ogawa Makio , Livingston Anne G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blast cell colonies (BCC) were initially identified on day 16 of culture of bone marrow cells of normal mice (Nakahata and Ogawa, 1982a). The growth of colonies was supported by the medium conditioned by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cells (PWM-SCM). The BCC were identified as a small diffuse collection of round refractile cells without a central core. Upon staining, the cells in the BCC revealed no signs of cytoplasmic differentiation and the nuclei of the cells were immature, showing open chromatin and often one or more nucleoli. When BCC were harvested individually and plated in secondary cultures, the cells in the BCC revealed very high replating efficiencies, sometimes nearing 100%. In the secondary culture, a large number of multilineage colonies were seen.
Normal and Leukemic Human Stem Cells Assayed in Immune-Deficient Mice
Authors: Wang Jean C Y , Dorrell Craig , Ito Caryn Y , Inamitsu Takeshi , Guenechea Guillermo , Gan, Olga I , Dick John E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mammalian hematopoietic system is a hierarchy derived from stem cells that possess extensive self-renewal, proliferative, and differentiative capacity. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) maintain the hematopoietic system throughout life, and stem cell regulation is a critical element in the control of normal hematopoiesis. The stem cell developmental program is tightly regulated by a combination of intrinsic factors, as well as external stimuli such as soluble cytokines and contact with stroma. Dysregulation of this tightly controlled developmental program as a consequence of aberrant expression of oncogenes results in leukemic proliferation.
Non-Yolk Sac Hematopoietic Stem Cells: The Avian Paradigm
Authors: Dieterlen-Lie’vre Françoise , Pardanaud Luc , Caprioli Arianna , Jaffredo Thierry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genetic technologies in mice have revealed several mutations that affect the production of blood cells at distinct steps of ontogeny: for instance, in the yolk sac (Robb et al., 1995; Shivdasani et al., 1995), in the fetal liver (Mucenski et al., 1991), or in the bone marrow (Tsai et al., 1994; L. C. Wang et al., 1998). The cellular mechanisms underlying the temporal occurrence of these defects are not well understood, although research in this area is currently very active. The tiny mouse embryo, embedded in the uterus, is not, however, the most appropriate system for the analysis of early cell commitment, cell migration, and cell interaction.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development in Mammals
Authors: Dzierak Elaine , Oostendorp Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The adult hematopoietic system of mammals comprises of a hierarchy of cells with the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) at the base. Historically, the bone marrow that harbors most of these cells has been used as a source of transplantable HSCs that can repopulate the entire adult multilineage hematopoietic system for a lifetime. The recent clinical use of peripheral and cord blood cells and fetal liver cells as sources of HSCs has prompted an increasing interest in the embryonic development of HSCs, particularly in the suggestion that ontogenically early HSCs have enhanced potential for adult hematopoietic repopulation. From a developmental perspective, the origins of the adult HSCs pose extremely interesting biological questions concerning cell-fate decisions and molecular programs that direct the birth and expansion of HSCs. Thus, with an interest in the developmental biology of adult transplantable HSCs and potential clinical applications for HSC transplantation, the investigations described here probe the mouse embryo (as a prototypic mammalian model) for where, when, and how the first adult HSCs are generated.
Jak-STAT Signal Transduction
Authors: Rhodes Jennifer , Druker Brian J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Essential to an understanding of cytokine biology are studies of the molecular mechanism of cytokine action. Although cytokine receptors lack kinase domains, the induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is critical to their function. The identification and characterization of Janus kinases (Jaks) has determined that these proteins are responsible for numerous tyrosine phosphorylation events mediated by cytokine receptors. Also critical to the function of cytokine receptors is the recruitment and activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins. The Jak/STAT pathway is activated by virtually all cytokines and allows for direct signaling from receptors to the nucleus. More recent data from animals lacking specific Jak or STAT proteins has confirmed the necessity of these proteins in cytokine signaling. This chapter will review the identification, structural features, activation by and association with cytokine receptors, and the phenotype of mice deficient in these proteins.
Very Late Activation/β1 lntegrins in Hematopoiesis
Authors: Papayannopoulou Thalia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most fascinating aspects of hematopoiesis, apart from its wide lineage diversity and its dynamic behavior in response to needs, is the fact that primitive stem cells responsible for hemopoietic maintenance and multilineage differentiation display a migratory behavior. During ontogeny, migrating stem cells recruit different anatomic sites to support their subsequent development, and throughout life they continue to circulate in peripheral blood in small numbers.
Homeobox Gene Networks and the Regulation of Hematopoiesis
Authors: Lawrence H Jeffrey , Sauvageau Guy , Largman, Corey , Humphries R Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will review the growing evidence for a role of the homeobox gene family in hematopoietic development. A number of these genes are expressed in stage- and lineagerestricted patterns in blood cells, and modulating the expression of homeobox genes results in a variety of hematological abnormalities, including leukemic transformation. While this review will focus on the HOX subfamily of homeobox gene, brief reference will be made to other families of homeobox genes, including the Hix, LIM and pbx/Meis families, members of which are expressed in blood cells.
Myeloid Transcription Factors and Development
Authors: Tenen Daniel G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transcription factors play a major role in hematopoietic development, in general, and particularly with respect to differentiation (Shivdasani and Orkin, 1996; Tenen et al., 1997). This is especially important in the myeloid lineage, in that the most common form of acute leukemia in adult humans results from a block in normal myeloid differentiation, and many of the abnormalities critical to development of myeloid leukemias involve transcription factors.
The Role of lkaros Proteins in Lymphocyte Development and Function
Authors: Kelley Clair , Koipally Joseph , Cortes, Marta , Georgopoulos Katia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hematopoiesis involves the generation of pluripotent stem cells (HSCs) that have the ability to self-renew or differentiate into any of at least eight distinct lineages (Orkin, 1995). The HSCs undergo successive differentiation to multipotential progenitors, lineage-committed precursors, and, finally, terminally differentiated cells. Differentiation of HSCs along a particular lineage is determined, in part, by the availability of specific cytokines and their receptors and the utilization of signal transducing pathways that allow for select changes in gene expression to occur by modifying pre-existing nuclear factors.
Hemoglobin Switching and Developmental Changes in Erythropoietic Sites and Red Blood Cell Populations of Nonmammalian Vertebrates
Authors: Broyles Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Developmental hemoglobin (Hb) switching, discovered in amphibians and other vertebrates in the 1930s (Haurowitz, 1930; McCarthy, 1933; Hall, 1934; Svedberg and Hedenius, 1934; McCutcheon, 1936), has sparked the imagination and interest of generations of scientists, an interest that continues in current research toward the goal of gene therapy to cure sickle cell disease and thalassemias in human beings (Stamatoyannopoulos, 1995).
Dominant White-Spotting and Steel Mutants in Hematopoiesis
Authors: Williams David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two genetic macrocytic anemias, now defined as allelic with the Dominant-White-Spotting (W) and Steel (S[) loci, have contributed enormously to our understanding of hematopoiesis over the last three decades of the twentieth century. Originally noted because of the coincidence with easily observed coat-color mutations, study of Wand SI mice led to unique observations concerning the cellular nature of the hematopoietic compartment as contrasted to the hematopoietic microenvironment. In the 1990s, the study of these mutants has led to our increased understanding of the role of receptor tyrosine kinases and associated signaling pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation, not only in hematopoietic cells, but also in mouse embryonic development more generally.
Applications of Large-Insert Genomic Cloning to the Study of Hematopoiesis
Authors: Amemiya Christ. , Ikuta Tohru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Molecular cloning systems that can accommodate very large exogenous DNA fragments (» 100 kilobases (kb)) have had a major impact on molecular biology. These systems include the yeast artificial chromosome (Y AC), bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), and Pl artificial chromosome (PAC) systems. The former is yeast-based, whereas the latter two are bacterial-based. A list of vectors commonly used for large-insert cloning is given in Table 56.1.