bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Modeling for Design and Control of Adaptive Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Roetzer James , Hall John , Li Xingjie , Boik Hunter , Janke Ben 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the field of wind energy, there is an ongoing need for improvements in efficiency and control. To achieve this, morphing aerostructures can be utilized alongside data-driven methods, combining performance improvements with new methods of system control. Presented here, data driven models are developed for the IEA 15 MW reference turbine, which relate the aerodynamic thrust load, a performance parameter chosen for its significance in fatigue studies, to the control inputs of a twist-morphing adaptive rotor blade. OpenFAST simulations are used to collect data, which then trains a variety of regression-based data-driven models: decision trees, state vector machines (SVM), neural networks (NN), and gaussian process regression (GPR). In addition to the models produced for the whole set of simulated data, the data was also partitioned into high- and low-wind speed data sets, and the modelling process was repeated for each as a new case. Through comparing the performance for each model and each case, GPR was shown to be the most accurate, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) lower than all other models for all cases examined. GPR also was comparably fast to its competing models in all cases, however, prediction speed was more volatile than accuracy, with each case having a different optimal model in terms of prediction speed. Notable observations include that while GPR approximately maintained its accuracy across all cases, accuracy for NN and SVM changed significantly. Between the full data set and high wind speed data subset, SVM performed 39.7% better on training data and 23.3% better on test data with regards to RMSE in the high-wind speed data set. Meanwhile, NN performed 17.5% better on test data, but 19.8% worse on training data with regard to RMSE, both observations implying that GPR may have less dependency on the data sampling range, for this application specifically.
Characterization of Wake Flow Dynamics and Energy Transport in Vortex-Induced Vibration Systems: A Low Reynolds Number Investigation
Authors: Albano Jooi , Avros Ilya , Fershalov Andrei , Orlandini Pieter , Elvin Niell , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) is a phenomenon where a structure in a flowing fluid oscillates due to vortex formation and shedding. While it can cause structural fatigue, it also offers potential for sustainable energy generation. This study examines the flow behavior around an elastically mounted cylindrical bluff body in low Reynolds number (Re &lt; 4000) flows to enhance the understanding and efficiency of VIV systems for novel fluidic energy harvesters. Since energy production in these systems is dominated by the amplitude of vibration, fully understanding and quantifying the fluid-structure interaction in these systems is critical. We analyze the wake flow characteristics of elastically mounted cylinders in both vibrating and non-vibrating modes, as well as the energy transport during dynamic processes. The study uses a 40 mm diameter cylinder supported by aluminum beams, with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to measure wake flow characteristics. The VIV regimes are categorized into pre-vibration, vibration, and post-vibration regimes. The results show the differences in flow patterns and energy system behaviors between vibrating and non-vibrating cylinders, which include wake pattern symmetry, saddle point and flow separation point locations, lack of recirculation regions, and higher RSS and TKE values in the vibrating case. The asymmetry in wake patterns arises from vibrational motion, with higher turbulence indicated by increased RSS and TKE. Although vorticity is higher post-vibration, the motion remains stable, indicating that the vibrational motion resulting from vortex shedding is due to a combination of both structural and fluidic instabilities. Energy transport dynamics show a higher energy drop percentage for the vibrating case. This research advances the understanding of VIV mechanisms and lays the groundwork for optimizing VIV energy harvesters, particularly in arrays of multiple cylinders. The findings contribute to the development of more efficient renewable energy technologies.
An Experimental-Based Analytical Study on the Sublimation Process of Frozen Colloidal Droplet
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Haipeng , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the fundamentals of sublimation processes and the associated deposit morphology formations in a freezing-based inkjet 3D printing technique. The freezing-sublimation method involves freezing a colloidal droplet and subsequently removing the solvent through sublimation, leaving behind colloidal particles that form the final printed morphology. A theoretical framework is developed to describe the transition from a solid ice droplet with embedded colloidal particles to a dry pattern deposited on a substrate. The study explores two thermodynamic processes for achieving sublimation: Process (A), conducted in a vacuum at a constant sub-freezing temperature, and Process (B), achieved through heating at constant low pressure. Experimental data provide insights into the mass and heat transfer dynamics during sublimation, revealing variations in sublimation rates and their influence on the resulting deposition morphologies. While the theoretical model is in its initial stages, the current study focuses on experimental observations, with future work linking these observations to the theoretical framework.
Post-Processing of Additively Manufactured SS316 Employing Die Sinking EDM
Authors: Ali Shahid , Talamona Didier , Perveen Asma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) stands out as an additive manufacturing (AM) technique enabling the production of highly complex, fully functional metallic parts with some limitations of poor surface roughness and average mechanical properties. The SLM-produced specimens demonstrated an average surface roughness of 11.25 μm, and an average microhardness of approximately 201HV. There are numerous surface treatments reported in the literature both conventional (milling) and non-conventional (laser polishing, chemical polishing, abrasive finishing, and Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT)). However, these secondary surface treatments face challenges such as significantly extended processing time, effectiveness for finishing complex parts, and applicability is limited to certain materials. In this study, an unconventional technique Die-sinking electro-discharge machining (EDM) has been proposed to improve the surface quality of AM specimens. Stainless Steel SS316, a ferritic chromium-nickel stainless steel containing purposeful amounts of molybdenum, exhibits enhanced general corrosion resistance. SS316 is the preferred choice for pharmaceutical equipment, cryogenic piping, pulp and paper, and food industries. This study delves into investigating the effect of machining conditions (Ip, Ton, and Toff) on the surface integrity of SLM-printed SS316 employing die-sinking EDM. The results of experiments manifest that at higher levels of pulse current and pulse on time, the surface roughness and surface microhardness of the printed specimens are improved to 3.72μm and 341.667 HV, respectively.
An Intuitive Mechanism for Position Control of the Medical Robotic Systems
Authors: Magee Kyra , Yu Mingxuan , Rayapudi Praneeth , Riad Jacob , Sellers Stephan , Abbadi Sama , Ashuri Turaj , Amiri Moghadam Amir Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The control and manipulation of medical robotic systems present significant challenges. They often require a steep learning curve due to the need for more intuitive control mechanisms, particularly in existing joystick designs. This paper introduces a novel approach to address these challenges by developing a master/slave system utilizing a twin Stewart mechanism configured as a specialized joystick with six degrees of freedom (DOF). This design enhances the intuitiveness of robot motion, enabling surgeons to control the robot’s end-effector with one hand. The design objectives for the joystick emphasize six DOF, complete one-handed control, and intuitive usability within a compact workspace. A Stewart mechanism is chosen for its inherent six DOF and suitability as the master system for a soft robot. Advanced 3D printing techniques will manufacture the mechanism, with linear potentiometers mounted on each leg to sense displacement. These displacements are translated into equivalent motions in the soft robot through non-linear mapping techniques and refined through manual calibration. The robot’s position will be monitored using an electromagnetic tracker and mapped to its bending deformation, providing feedback to the controller. This paper presents an approach to controlling a soft robotic system and enhancing usability in surgical applications.
Research Experiences via Independent Studies at a Primary Undergraduate Institute
Authors: Manoharan Sanjivan , Kocharian Tikran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While Project Based Learning (PBL) is a valuable tool for enhancing the learning abilities of undergraduate students, it often becomes more instructional akin to a laboratory activity, potentially restricting autonomous learning. Conversely, independent studies, if conducted effectively, present significant opportunities for undergraduate research and the strengthening of critical thinking skills. They are also an ideal vehicle for engaging in the complete design thinking process. Moreover, these studies can be strategically leveraged to strengthen the research productivity of faculty, especially at a Primary Undergraduate Institute (PUI). This paper provides an overview of 13 such independent studies conducted over six years and how they were systematically used to develop the research track of the authors despite the heavy teaching focus at the PUI. All independent study topics pertained to either fluid mechanics or heat transfer enhancement. The benefits to the students, authors, and the engineering department are also discussed. The faculty observations regarding the students’ progress before and after the study are also presented. Throughout each independent study, the students were exposed to the comprehensive design thinking cycle, i.e., empathize, define, ideate, prototyping, and results.
A Microlaser-Based Magnetic Field Sensor
Authors: Sakib Md Nazmus , Manzo Maurizio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dye-doped polymer-based microlasers are recognized for their sensitivity and low-threshold lasing, making them highly effective sensors. However, their non-magnetic nature limits their deployment in hard-to-reach areas. Magnetic microspheres offer a solution to this limitation because of their easy maneuverability. The study investigates the elastic deformation of microlasers and the resulting shift in optical modes induced by magnetic field. In this study, a magnetic field sensor using a microlaser is developed. The microlaser is composed of NBA 107 UV curable polymer, rhodamine 6G dissolved in an ethanol solution, and Fe2NiO4 nanopowder with a size of &lt; 50 nm. A Helmholtz coil is employed to generate a magnetic field, which induces deformation in the microlaser. This deformation alters the optical path of the light, leading to a shift in the position of the laser modes. This shift can be utilized to detect the strength of the surrounding magnetic field. The microlaser is excited using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The light emitted from the microlaser is then collected using an optical spectrometer that is connected to a cooled CCD camera. Preliminary calibration experimental curves correlating the external magnetic field with the shift of the laser modes are shown herein.
A Teaching Model to Engage Students in Massive Online Courses
Authors: Sayeg-Sánchez Gibrán , Rocha Gerardo , Rodríguez-Paz Miguel X. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This evidence-based study presents evidence of the implementation of a teaching model that promotes interaction among students and teachers in Massive Online Courses (MOCs). The results showed a positive impact on engagement and motivation for learning in an Engineering Continuing Education group of students. The proposed teaching model was implemented in 2023 during a Project Management micro course, with 150 graduated engineers. The model was based on our University’s Continuing Education framework, which allows the design of meaningful content based on adult learning principles: learning must be self-directed, learning is biased by previous experiences, and learning must be straightforward and applicable in the real world; and it was leveraged with the use of digital tools during impartation. After implementation, evidence of a positive influence on students’ motivation and engagement was collected. An active participation ratio of 54% of the attendees was recorded, higher than the average participation rate of 40% recorded in other studies. Similarly, according to Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model, it was found evidence of positive influence on the Reaction and Behavior levels.
Advancing Autonomous Backing of Tractor-Trailer Systems: a Dynamic Model Approach
Authors: Sah Dhirendra K. , Selekwa Majura F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent developments in sensing and information processing technology have seen an increased interest in applications of autonomous vehicles. Many driverless vehicles have been tested in various places and environments across the world. Automated backing of tractor-trailer systems is one of the problems yet to be fully addressed in this endeavor, even experienced drivers find it challenging to perform backup maneuvers of tractor-trailer systems in confined spaces. Achieving a fully automated backup maneuver of a tractor-trailer vehicle requires, among other things, the presence of a high-fidelity mathematical model of the vehicle. Often this problem is approached from a kinematic standpoint where the vehicle and the trailer are modeled using a bicycle structure formulation by concentrating weights at the axle centers only, which limits not only the maneuverability of the vehicle system but also its speed. This paper proposes a dynamic model of a tractor-trailer that treats the system as a finite structure of interconnected multi-bodies subjected to various forces and moments emanating from terramechanics and other non-conservative forces acting on the vehicle. This approach presents are more realistic motion of the vehicle even in confined spaces enabling it to avoid colliding with unintended objects during the maneuver. Simulation results by using such a model show that the vehicle can autonomously perform back up maneuvers in as limited clearances as 5% of the vehicle width at moderate speeds without significant slip.
Design and Development of a Desktop 3D Printer for Conformal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ahmed Radif Uddin , Dowell Ethan , Alam Chowdhury Sadid , Rahman M. Shafiqur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents a conformal 3D printing strategy by developing a direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printer that can execute an algorithm for a conformal print path in the form of a G-code. DIW printers fall under the class of extrusion-based 3D printers that can deposit non-Newtonian material through the nozzle, utilizing solely the rheological properties of the feedstock material, known as the “ink.” The custom-made DIW 3D printer’s performance is tested with the deposition of petroleum jelly on a curved surface, which serves as the conformal substrate. The conformal print algorithm starts by scanning the conformal substrate using a laser profiler to obtain detailed geometric information about the surface. This information is then combined with the 3D model, printed on the substrate, and imported into the algorithm. The algorithm analyzes the geometry of the surface and projects the perimeter of the 3D model onto the conformal substrate, ensuring alignment. Once the periphery printing information is obtained, the algorithm generates the print path for the infills, i.e., internal structures of the object. This process is repeated layer by layer until the final layer of the printing process is reached. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is validated by printing a 3D object and comparing it to the original model. Results show that the algorithm provides an accurate print path for extruding material on a non-planar substrate. The algorithm can also generate a hybrid print path for added flexibility. The successful implementation of this algorithm is demonstrated through the layer-wise printing of a 3D object. Overall, this study provides a valuable solution for printing customizable parts via a conformal additive manufacturing process.
Investigating Passive Drag Reduction Through Nature Inspired Surface Textures
Authors: Niemiec Kenneth , Thornton Nicholas , Gnanaskandan Aswin , Ebadi Alireza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This project sought to reduce resistive drag forces on complex bodies through the implementation of biologically inspired surface textures. We accomplished this by investigating the effects of riblets on drag forces for flow over an airfoil. Our team conducted wind tunnel experiments and ANSYS Fluent simulations in 2D and 3D to evaluate the effectiveness of these riblets in reducing drag on an airfoil. From this research, we found that our designs could reduce drag forces by about 5% over a Reynolds number interval of 70,000 to 115,000 and up to 13% at the low Reynolds number of 45,000. This led us to recommend their implementation on small or low-speed components, as our findings can increase the efficiency of vehicles operating at moderate Reynolds numbers.
Investigating Fracture Behavior in Porous Media Using Phase-Field and Asymptotic Homogenization
Authors: Nielsen Ryan H. , Newell Pania 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Porous media make up many of the most important materials around us. When these materials fail structurally, the results are often catastrophic. Therefore, the prediction of fracture in these materials has been a crucial focus for researchers and engineers for decades. We argue that geometric variation in microscale pore morphology affects course-scale crack propagation. We develop a framework that first calculates an effective continuum-level constitutive tensor based on asymptotic homogenization theory. This homogenized constitutive tensor serves as an input to a linear elastic brittle fracture mechanics model. This work implements the phase-field variational formulation based on Griffith’s classical energy balance to analyzes pore shapes of varying topological complexity. Here, we analyze cases with circular, rectangular, and 2 irregular pore shapes. The macroscale crack propagation and path for a 2D classical tensile loading problem can then be compared when using effective constitutive tensors corresponding to different pore-shape indices. Preliminary results show that crack advancement is appreciably altered even when porosity is held constant for pore morphologies with differing shape shapes, highlighting the need for further investigation into the relationship between pore structure and fracture behavior.
Microstructure Evolution and Forming Mechanism of Hollow Drive Shafts by Multi-Roll Tandem Skew Rolling
Authors: Zhang Song , Shu Xuedao , Chen Yusen , Cen Zewei , Li Zixuan , Xu Haijie , Wang Jitai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional rolling forming processes are often limited by a maximum cross-sectional reduction rate of 75%, which cannot meet the demands for heavy cross-sectional reduction rate components such as hollow drive shafts. This paper proposes an innovative multi-roll tandem skew rolling (MRTSR) process for forming hollow drive shafts. The paper first elaborates on the basic principles of the MRTSR process and highlights its advantages in reducing rolling force and enhancing stability compared to traditional single-roll systems. Subsequently, through kinematic analysis, stable rolling conditions for hollow drive shafts by MRTSR are established. Next, a finite element model is established, and the stress-strain field, temperature field, and microstructure field distributions during the rolling process are analyzed. The results show that when the pitch of the front roller system acting on the rolling piece is greater than or equal to that of the rear roller system, stable rolling of the hollow drive shaft by MRTSR can be achieved. Additionally, the strain, temperature, and microstructure field of the rolled piece are uniformly distributed along the axial direction, while they gradually decrease in a gradient manner along the radial direction. The proposed MRTSR process provides a new feasible method for producing high-quality hollow drive shafts with large cross-sectional reductions.
Digital Twin Model for Property Assessment of Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Marks Malik , Chowdary Chigurupati Poojith , Taheri Hossein 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by offering flexibility, customization, and rapid prototyping capabilities. Complex geometries and low volume parts can be produced via AM in much lower lead time and cost compared to traditional manufacturing methods. However, ensuring the quality and reliability of AM parts remains a significant challenge due to variations in material properties and process parameters. Traditional material property analysis methods, that require experimental testing and computational modeling, are often costly and time-consuming and often not applicable to the complex geometries of AM components. These challenges are further magnified when repetitive sampling is required. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel approach that combines experimental findings with Finite Element Modeling (FEM) to construct a digital twin (DT) model of AM parts. The DT model will serve as a virtual representation along with real-time monitoring, simulation, and optimization capabilities. Numerical simulations are conducted to correlate the resonance frequency of parts at different process conditions with their material characteristics, represented as RF Z-score values. Hence, the results suggest that such an approach provides manufacturers with cost-effective and efficient means of analyzing material properties and optimizing AM processes. Moreover, by leveraging digital twin technology, manufacturers can achieve greater process control and quality assurance in additive manufacturing. The findings of this study contribute to advancing the understanding and implementation of digital twin technology in AM; therefore, paving the way for enhanced productivity and reliability in additive manufacturing processes.