bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the incidence of shivering after cesarean section surgery, a comparative study between general and spinal anesthesia
Authors: Alkhaled Laith , Almashouj Ahmad , Rekmani Najwa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Shivering is an involuntary, spontaneous, and repetitive contraction of the skeletal muscle and increases patients’ discomfort, oxygen-consuming, wound infection; increased surgical bleeding, and morbid cardiac events. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors of intraoperative shivering after cesarean sec
Methods and materials:
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 80 willing patients were included in the study after obtaining ethical consent and we have used consecutive sampling techniques. Axillary temperature was recorded preoperatively and in the intra-operative period every 5 min. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabs, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the association shivering and independent variables. The strength of the association was presented using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results
In this study, the incidence of intraoperative shivering after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia was similar to several studies [7.5%], the incidence of intraoperative shivering after cesarean section under general anesthesia was [31.3%], hypothermia, and hypotension. Blood pressure, duration of surgery, age, body mass index, and type of anesthesia are factors strongly associated with shivering.
Conclusion
In this study duration of surgery, hypothermia and hypotension were the independent associated risk factors for intraoperative shivering.
Tryptophan-rich diet and its effects on brain Tregs in alleviating neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment
Authors: Xue Dinghao , Guo Xu , Liu Jingjing , Li Yanxiang , Liu Luyu , Liao Guosong , Cao Jiangbei , Liu Yanhong , Lou Jingsheng , Li Hao , Mi Weidong , Wang Long , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) present a common challenge for elderly people and contribute to increased postoperative dementia rates and mortality. Notably, neuroinflammation serves as a pivotal pathogenic mechanism for PND. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties and can modulate neurodegenerative diseases arising from central nervous system inflammatory responses. However, the role of Tregs in neuroinflammation-related PND remains unclear. It is highly plausible that brain Tregs expressing unique genes associated with the nervous system, including the Htr7 gene encoding the serotonin receptor 5-HT7, play a pivotal role.
Methods: A model of neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive dysfunction was established via intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The activation and infiltration of Tregs were measured using flow cytometry. Metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples was employed to investigate alterations in gut bacterial abundance following LPS administration. TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis was employed to detect the proteomes of hippocampal tissue following LPS treatment. Primary Tregs were cocultured separately with primary CD8+ T cells and primary microglia for in vitro validation of the impact of 5-HT and Htr7 on Tregs. Prior to their transfer into recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1−/−) mice, Tregs were ex vivo transfected with lentivirus to knock down the expression of Htr7.
Results:
In this study, the tryptophan-rich diet was found to reverse LPS-induced cognitive impairment and reduce the levels of 5-HT in peripheral blood. Following intracerebroventricular microinjection of LPS, there was a decrease in the abundance of 5-HT-related gut microbiota. The tryptophan-rich diet led to increased levels of 5-HT in peripheral blood, which in turn promoted the proliferation and activation of brain Tregs. Additionally, proteomic alterations were observed in the hippocampus of the mice following LPS treatment. The tryptophan-rich diet was also shown to attenuate LPS-mediated neuroinflammation by activating brain Tregs. Furthermore, 5-HT and Htr7 were found to enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tregs on CD8+ T cells and microglia. In Rag1-/- mice, brain Tregs were shown to alleviate LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
Conclusions:
Our research revealed the ability of brain Tregs to mitigate neuroinflammation and prevent neuronal damage by suppressing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the brain and excessive activation of microglia, thereby ameliorating LPS-induced cognitive impairment. These insights may offer novel therapeutic targets involving Tregs for PND.
The Concentration of Black Carbon Emissions From Natural Gas Flaring Activities in Basra Province, Iraq
Authors: Alsabbagh Maha R ,   Nayyef M Azeez1,   Abdul haleem A Almuhyi2
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) is generated from various sources of incomplete combustion. Both black carbon and particulate matter are emitted from flares, posing risks to health and contributing to climate change. This study focuses on assessing air pollution distribution in Basra Province by monitoring black carbon (BC) emissions. BC concentrations were measured using an aethalometer at sites rich in oilfields within Basra Province. These sites included six degassing stations (Tuba, Alluhais, Artawi, North Rumaila, Majnoon, and Nahran Omar) and two power plants (Alnajebia and Shatt Albasra). Along with wind direction, air velocity and wind speed were also recorded. All the sites were engaged in natural gas flaring. The BC concentrations were evaluated against the recommended exposure limit (REL). In winter, the average BC concentration was 5.66±1.49μg/m3; the lowest concentration was 3.7μg/m3 at the Majnoon oilfield, and the highest was 7.85μg/m3 at the Artawi Degassing Station—approximately eight times the REL. In spring, the average BC concentration was 4.94±1.28μg/m3; the lowest was 3.3μg/m3 at the Majnoon oilfield, and the highest was 7.05μg/m3 at the Altuba Degassing Station—around seven times the REL. Concentrations of BC at all monitored sites exceeded the REL. High BC levels in industrial areas are attributed to natural gas flaring. Incomplete combustion at these sites led to the emission of elevated concentrations of black carbon.
Histopathological changes following immunization with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor
Authors: Seifati Seyed Mohammad , Ansariniya Hossein , hanzaii Fateme Poorhoseini , Hassanpour Azam , Fesahat Farzaneh , Zare Fateme 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein of the interleukin-6 superfamily that regulates many physiological processes as well as pathological conditions. LIF plays an important role in the initiation and progression of solid tumors as well as its role in leukemia suppression. The purpose of this study is to determine whether exogenous LIF has any side effects in liver and kidney tissues that have receptors for this cytokine in immunized mice compared with controls.Methods LIF and complete Freund's adjuvant were injected subcutaneously for the test group in the initial injection. Freund's incomplete adjuvant was injected intraperitoneal for the last injection. Phosphate-buffered saline was used with the adjuvant for the control group.Results The liver structure in the control group was normal. However, the LIF immunized group exhibited irregular sinusoidal plates and hyperemia in central and portal veins compared to the control group. The kidney tissue in the control group was also normal, with preserved tubule shapes and no cell destruction or degeneration. In the LIF injected group, hyperemia and an increase in the urinary space were observed, but the overall kidney tissue condition was similar to the control group, with no tissue destruction or infiltration of mononuclear cells, and the renal corpuscle and glomerular coil remained normal.Conclusion The results indicated that while the injection of exogenous LIF into the mouse body caused changes and destructive effects on the liver tissue, including the development of an inflammatory condition in the liver, it had no discernible effect on the kidney tissue.
Lead and noble gas isotopic constraints on the origin of Te-bearing adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits in a calc-alkaline magmatic arc, NE China
Authors: Gao Shen , Hofstra Albert H. , Qin Kezhang , Zou Xinyu , Pribil Michael J. , Hunt Andrew G. , Manning Andrew H. , Lowers Heather A. , Xu Hong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tellurium (Te)-bearing adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits are widely distributed in calc-alkaline magmatic arcs and are an important current and future source of precious and critical metals. The source of ore-forming fluids in these deposits remains unclear due to the lack of in situ isotopic evidence on Au-, Ag-, and Te-bearing minerals. To advance the understanding of the source and evolution of Te and precious metals, herein, we combine in situ Pb isotope analysis with He, Ne, and Ar isotope and microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions in ore and gangue minerals from two Te-rich and two Te-poor epithermal Au-Ag deposits that occur in an Early Cretaceous magmatic arc in the North Heilongjiang Belt, northeastern China. Ore minerals (hessite, petzite, calaverite, altaite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena) from Te-rich Au-Ag deposits, including Sandaowanzi and Yongxin, have the least radiogenic Pb isotope compositions (206Pb/204Pb from 18.1 to 18.3) and the lowest μ1 values (the 238U/204Pb ratio of the lead source down to 9.14) of the deposits studied. For these Te-rich deposits, noble gas isotope data show that fluid inclusions in ore minerals contain a large proportion of mantle He (up to 25%), whereas barren early-stage minerals do not (&lt;1%). The Pb, noble gas isotope, and fluid inclusion microthermometric results suggest that Te-rich ore-forming fluids were likely discharged from mafic magmas into convecting meteoric flow systems at shallow levels (&lt;2 km). In contrast to the Te-rich deposits, ore minerals from the Te-poor Dong’an Au-Ag deposit have radiogenic Pb isotope compositions (206Pb/204Pb from 18.8 to 18.9) and the highest μ1 values (up to 10.54). Fluid inclusions in ore minerals contain a small proportion of mantle He (1% to 5%). The results suggest that metals and ore-forming fluids in these deposits were discharged from either more crustally contaminated intermediate-felsic magmas or leached from upper crustal rocks by convecting meteoric flow systems. Although the Te-poor Tuanjiegou Au-Ag deposit has a non-radiogenic Pb isotope composition consistent with a mafic magma source, Te is much less abundant (electrum [&gt;95%] is the major gold- and silver-bearing mineral) than Au. The main exploration implication of these results is that unexplored volcano-plutonic centers in the northeast Xing’an Block with less radiogenic Pb isotope compositions (206Pb/204Pb &lt; 18.3) and containing fluids with a high proportion of mantle He are more likely to generate Te-rich epithermal Au-Ag deposits than other volcano-plutonic centers in NE China.
Optimization and experimental validation of the air intake holes of the lithium-ion battery pack
Authors: Bakar Oya , Uysal Murat , Feyzioğlu Ahmet 
Published: January 2024

Energy storage systems enable the storage of energy and provide access to carbon-neutral, environmentally friendly energy whenever or wherever it is needed. Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most preferred type among various battery technologies and are widely used in energy storage systems. Some of the features that make lithium-ion batteries advantageous include high energy density, long life, low maintenance requirements, and high operating voltage. The growing demand for energy throughout the day increases the need for batteries with high storage capacity. However, the increased capacity also leads to heating issues in lithium-ion batteries. The heating problem in lithium-ion batteries can result in nonhomogeneous temperature distribution, shortened lifespan, thermal runaway, increased internal resistance, and performance loss. Therefore, an effective thermal management system is essential for cooling lithium-ion batteries. This study aims to provide insight into the forced air cooling of prismatic 280 Ah LiFePo4 batteries, which have limited information in the literature and are more prone to overheating compared to lower-capacity batteries. In this study, five different battery pack case designs, each with different sizes and numbers of air intake holes, were determined and modelled using the SolidWorks program. Within the battery pack cases, 16 280 Ah lithium-ion batteries are placed, and an axial fan is used to cool these batteries. Initially, computational fluid dynamics analyses of the five different designs were performed in the SolidWorks Flow Simulation program. An experiment was then conducted on the design that provided the most efficient thermal management to validate the numerical results. The selected design, fulfilling the purpose of homogeneous temperature distribution and having the minimum temperature difference between batteries, was designated as Design 5. It exhibited a 62 % improvement in cooling performance with a 0.25 °C temperature difference, indicating successful temperature homogeneity between batteries. During a two-hour experiment with a 140 A discharge current, temperature measurements were taken from the surfaces of the batteries using thermocouples. Finally, the maximum error rate between experimental and numerical studies was determined to be 1.47 %, indicating successful validation of the numerical study. The air intake hole optimization, a novel design approach, prevents temperature distribution inhomogeneity caused by the distance of the batteries to the fan and offers an effective way to cool down high-capacity 280 Ah batteries.
Investigating the changing pattern of groundwater levels and rainfall in the peninsular region of Bhagalpur and Khagaria, Bihar
Authors: Choudhary Abhishek Kumar , Singh Vivekanand 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Groundwater is the primary source of water for domestic and irrigation purposes in the peninsular region of the Bhagalpur and Khagaria districts of Bihar. Though this region is bounded by perennial rivers on three sides, the groundwater level is decreasing gradually because of over exploitation and misuse. In this study, spatial and temporal analyses of rainfall and groundwater levels for pre- and post-monsoon seasons from 1996 to 2020 have been carried out using GIS tools, graphical plots, and statistical methods of pattern recognition. The spatial analysis of rainfall shows less rainfall in the western region of the study area, whereas it shows heavy rainfall in the region near the Vikramshila Bridge. The temporal analysis of rainfall shows decreasing trend in the whole study area and the rate of decrease was 25.05 mm/year during 1996–2020. The results of the pre-monsoon groundwater levels analysis show decreasing trend in the majority of wells, and the rate of decrease varies from 0.005 to 0.102 m/year. By contrast, the post-monsoon groundwater levels showed an increasing trend varying from 0.005 to 0.083 m/year at wells located near the River Ganga, except at Maheshkhunt. Thus, there is a need for proper groundwater management for a sustainable future.
Study on the existing forms and recovery efficiencies of phosphorus in biochar from excess sludge
Authors: Guo Changzi , Zhao Wanqin , Han Yi , Zhang Xuli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

With the background of carbon neutrality, the resource and energy utilization of excess sludge (ES) have become the focus of future research. The pyrolysis of ES can produce biochar and enrich phosphorus (P). In this paper, the existing forms and recovery efficiencies of P in biochar from ES (BCES) were investigated. The results showed that the total phosphorus (TP) content of BCES at 850 °C was 65.1 mg/g, and the inorganic phosphorus (IP) content was 64.2 mg/g. The TP content of BCES was two times heavier than that of ES. The main ingredient of ES was quartz (SiO2), while the main phases of BCES were quartz (SiO2) and aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) at 650 –850 °C, and P mainly existed in the form of AlPO4. When the pyrolysis temperature was 800 and 850 °C, two new minerals appeared: Ca5(PO4)3OH and CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O. Based on the conditions of a leaching time of 150 min, a H2SO4 concentration of 0.2 mol/L, a stirring rate of 220 rpm and a liquid–solid ratio of 50 mL/g, the leaching efficiency of P in BCES was found to be 100%. The pyrolysis temperature had no effect on leaching efficiencies of P; however, a higher pyrolysis temperature promoted metal leaching content.
Impact of low and high temperatures on aerobic granular sludge treatment of industrial wastewater
Authors: Tsertou Eirini , Caluwé Michel , Goettert Dorothee , Goossens Koen , Seguel Suazo Karina , Vanherck Catharina , Dries Jan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The goal of this study was to unravel the impact of high and low temperatures (T) on glycogen-accumulating microorganisms (GAOs) which were stimulated in an aerobic granular sludge plant fed with industrial wastewater, which is derived from the cleaning of trucks transporting chocolate and beer. Among GAOs, Candidatus Competibacter (Ca. Competibacter) was the most abundant. The long-term impact on (1) anaerobic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake, (2) sludge morphology, and (3) microbial community composition was investigated. In addition, the short-term impact of T changes on the anaerobic uptake rate was evaluated. High T (above 38 °C) and low T (below 11 °C) had a negative impact on the relative read abundance of Ca. Competibacter and the anaerobic DOC uptake. Nevertheless, the carbon removal efficiency and the settleability of the biomass were not affected. Denitrifiers such as Thauera and Zoogloea were promoted over Ca. Competibacter under high T and low T, respectively, indicating their positive contribution to granulation maintenance.
Novel Adiponectin Receptor Agonist Inhibits Cholangiocarcinoma via
Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Bui Khac Cuong , Nguyen Thi Mai Ly , Barat Samarpita , Scholta Tim , Xing Jun , Bhuria Vikas , Sipos Bence , Wilkens Ludwig , Nguyen Linh Toan , Le Huu Song , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P. , Bozko Przemyslaw , Plentz Ruben R. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a poor prognosis and only limited palliative
treatment options. The deficiency of adiponectin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
(AMPK) signaling was reported in several malignancies, but the alteration of these proteins in CCA is
still unclear.

Objectives::
This study aimed to assess the role of adiponectin and AMPK signaling in CCA. Furthermore, AdipoRon, a novel adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo as a
new anti-tumor therapy for CCA.

Methods:
The expression of AdipoR1 and p-AMPKα in human tissue microarrays (TMAs) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). The effect of 2-(4-Benzoylphenoxy)-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-acetamide (AdipoRon) was investigated in vitro with proliferation, crystal violet,
migration, invasion, colony formation, senescence, cell cycle and apoptosis assays and in vivo using a
CCA engineered mouse model (AlbCre/LSL-KRASG12D/p53L/L). RT-qPCR and western blot methods
were applied to study molecular alterations in murine tissues.

Results:
AdipoR1 and p-AMPKα were impaired in human CCA tissues, compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue. There was a positive correlation between the AdipoR1 and p-AMPKα levels in CCA tissues.
Treatment with AdipoRon inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation and induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro (p<0.05). In addition, AdipoRon reduced the number of CCA and tumor volume, prolonged survival, and decreased metastasis and ascites
in the treated group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
AdipoR1 and p-AMPKα are impaired in CCA tissues, and AdipoRon effectively inhibits
CCA in vitro and in vivo. Thus, AdipoRon may be considered as a potential anti-tumor therapy in CCA
Efficacy of Chemoimmunotherapy versus Chemotherapy for Gastric
Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Survival Outcomes
Authors: Xie Juan , Chen Lin , Liu Qing , Li Xi-Tai , Lei Xiao-Yong 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Gastric cancer has been traditionally treated with chemotherapy
as the primary mode of treatment. However, recent studies have shown that chemoimmunotherapy
is also effective and, in some cases, better than chemotherapy treatment.
Current study aimed to find the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy
in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Methods:
Using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO, a thorough
literature search was carried out for the years 2006 to 2023. The search strategy
was designed to identify relevant studies based on chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy
intervention, and the search was conducted using appropriate keywords and MeSH
terms. The retrieved studies were screened for relevance based on their titles, abstracts,
and full texts. The studies' inclusion criteria were predefined, and the selected studies
were then subjected to a quality assessment using GradePro GDT. The data from selected
studies were extracted and analyzed using Revman version 5.4.

Results:
The study found that chemoimmunotherapy treatment resulted in a significant
improvement in overall survival (OS) with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.54 and a 95% Confidence
Interval (CI) of 1.25 to 1.89. The overall effect was also found to be significant,
with a p-value of less than 0.001. Furthermore, we also observed an improvement in the
1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates with risk ratio (RR) of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01,
1.17), 1.43 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.60), and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.30), respectively. In addition,
it’s also found that chemoimmunotherapy treatment also resulted in an improvement
in DFS with an RR of 1.94 and a 95% CI of 1.44 to 2.59. Overall, these results
suggest that chemoimmunotherapy treatment can be an effective approach in comparison
to chemotherapy for improving overall survival and disease-free survival in the
studied population.

Conclusion:
This study comparing chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy for gastric
cancer showed that both treatments were effective, but chemoimmunotherapy had
more significant efficacy. To support these results, additional studies with a large sample
size and a longer follow-up time are required.