bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4C mortality score and CT severity score among COVID-19 patients: a single center prospective study
Authors: Said Azza Farag , El-Fateh Ayman Hussein , Esmaeel Tamer El Zaeem , Mady Ahmed Fathy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Predictions about the hospital course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are of paramount value. This research was designed to validate 4C mortality and CT severity scores (CT-SS) as prognostication tools of mortality and detect their relations among patients with COVID-19 who are hospitalized. The identification of other potential mortality risk factors was also evaluated.

Methods
Two hundred and ninety-six confirmed COVID-19 adult cases were prospectively included. They were allocated into 3 groups according to severity; 78 in moderate group, 97 in severe group, and 121 patients in critical group. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, co-morbidities, lines of treatment, 4C mortality score and CT severity score were assessed upon admission.

Results
The study revealed that 90% and 84.3% sensitivities were observed for 4C mortality and CT-SS respectively as predictors of mortality. Significant correlation between both scores (r = 0.6. p = 0.0001) was detected. Multivariate analysis identified 6.9-fold increased risk of mortality for the patients with 4C mortality score > 9.5 (p = 0.001). CT-SS > 12, age ≥ 60, male gender, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were also found as significant independent factors associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions
Both of 4C mortality score and CT-SS have a high sensitivity as a risk-stratification scores with a considerable correlation. In addition, they represent the most independent risk factors associated with mortality in comparison to other clinical or laboratory indices.
Influencing factors for the implementation of school-based interventions promoting obesity prevention behaviors in children with low socioeconomic status: a systematic review
Authors: Butscher Friederike , Ellinger Jan , Singer Monika , Mall Christoph 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Health inequity (HI) remains a major challenge in public health. Improving the health of children with low socioeconomic status (SES) can help to reduce overall HI in children. Childhood obesity is a global problem, entailing several adverse health effects. It is crucial to assess the influencing factors for adoption, implementation, and sustainment of interventions. This review aims to identify articles reporting about influencing factors for the implementation of school-based interventions promoting obesity prevention behaviors in children with low SES. It aims to critically appraise the articles’ quality, assess influencing factors, categorize and evaluate them, and to discuss possible implications.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in 7 databases with the following main inclusion criteria: (1) school-based interventions and (2) target group aged 5–14 years. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, its five domains (intervention characteristics, inner setting, outer setting, characteristics of individuals, process) along with 39 categories within these domains were used as deductive category system for data analysis. We grouped the articles with regard to the characteristics of the interventions in simple and complex interventions. For each domain, and for the groups of simple and complex interventions, the most commonly reported influencing factors are identified.

Results
In total, 8111 articles were screened, and 17 met all eligibility criteria. Included articles applied mixed methods (n=11), qualitative (n=5), and quantitative design (n=1). Of these, six were considered to report simple interventions and eleven were considered to report complex interventions. In total, 301 influencing factors were assessed. Aspects of the inner setting were reported in every study, aspects of the outer setting were the least reported domain. In the inner setting, most reported influencing factors were time (n=8), scheduling (n=6), and communication (n=6).

Conclusion
This review found a wide range of influencing factors for implementation and contributes to existing literature regarding health equity as well as implementation science. Including all stakeholders involved in the implementation process and assessing the most important influencing factors in the specific setting, could enhance implementation and intervention effectiveness. More empirical research and practical guidance are needed to promote obesity prevention behaviors among children with low SES.

Registration
CRD42021281209 (PROSPERO)
Variation in symptoms of common mental disorders in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Saunders Rob , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Suh Jae Won , Fonagy Peter , Pilling Stephen , Bu Feifei , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundA significant rise in mental health disorders was expected during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, referrals to mental health services dropped for several months before rising to pre-pandemic levels.AimsTo identify trajectories of incidence and risk factors for common mental disorders among the general population during 14 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform potential mental health service needs.MethodA cohort of 33 703 adults in England in the University College London COVID-19 Social Study provided data from March 2020 to May 2021. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify trajectories based on the probability of participants reporting symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) or anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) in the clinical range, for each month. Sociodemographic and personality-related characteristics associated with each trajectory class were explored.ResultsFive trajectory classes were identified for depression and anxiety. Participants in the largest class (62%) were very unlikely to report clinically significant symptom levels. Other trajectories represented participants with a high likelihood of clinically significant symptoms throughout, early clinically significant symptoms that reduced over time, clinically significant symptoms that emerged as the pandemic unfolded and a moderate likelihood of clinically significant symptoms throughout. Females, younger adults, carers, those with existing mental health diagnoses, those that socialised frequently pre-pandemic and those with higher neuroticism scores were more likely to experience depression or anxiety.ConclusionsNearly 40% of participants followed trajectories indicating risk of clinically significant symptoms of depression or anxiety. The identified risk factors could inform public health interventions to target individuals at risk in future health emergencies.
Resonant-type Luneburg lens for broadband low-frequency focusing
Authors: Zhao Liuxian , Zhuang Xuxu , Guo Hao , Bi Chuanxing , Sun Zhaoyong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a novel structural Luneburg lens with local resonators is proposed. This lens allows the realization of subwavelength focusing in low-frequency range. The lens is achieved by graded refractive index from the lens's centre to the outer surface. Numerical simulations are conducted to obtain data on wave propagation waveform, maximum displacement amplitude, and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the lens's focal region. The results show that a broadband frequency range can be achieved for subwavelength focusing. This provides a straightforward and adaptable method for designing the structural Luneburg lens for numerous applications.
Pluripotency of a founding field: rebranding developmental biology
Authors: Rogers Crystal D. , Amemiya Chris , Arur Swathi , Babonis Leslie , Barresi Michael , Bartlett Madelaine , Behringer Richard , Benham-Pyle Blair , Bergmann Dominique , Blackman Ben , Brown C. Titus , Browne Bill , Camacho Jasmin , Chabu Chiswili Yves , Chow Ida , Cleaver Ondine , Cool Jonah , Dennis Megan Y. , Dickinson Alexandra Jazz , Di Talia Stefano , Frank Margaret , Gillmor Stewart , Haag Eric S. , Hariharan Iswar , Harland Richard , Husbands Aman , Jerome-Majewska Loydie , Koenig Kristen , LaBonne Carole , Layden Michael , Lowe Chris , Mani Madhav , Martik Megan , McKown Katelyn , Moens Cecilia , Mosimann Christian , Onyenedum Joyce , Reed Robert , Rivera Ajna , Rokhsar Dan , Royer Loic , Rutaganira Flora , Shahan Rachel , Sinha Neelima , Swalla Billie , Van Norman Jaimie M. , Wagner Daniel E. , Wikramanayake Athula , Zebell Sophia , Brady Siobhán M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The field of developmental biology has declined in prominence in recent decades, with off-shoots from the field becoming more fashionable and highly funded. This has created inequity in discovery and opportunity, partly due to the perception that the field is antiquated or not cutting edge. A ‘think tank’ of scientists from multiple developmental biology-related disciplines came together to define specific challenges in the field that may have inhibited innovation, and to provide tangible solutions to some of the issues facing developmental biology. The community suggestions include a call to the community to help ‘rebrand’ the field, alongside proposals for additional funding apparatuses, frameworks for interdisciplinary innovative collaborations, pedagogical access, improved science communication, increased diversity and inclusion, and equity of resources to provide maximal impact to the community.
The buzz within: the role of the gut microbiome in honeybee social behavior
Authors: Nguyen J. B. , Marshall C. W. , Cook C. N. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Gut symbionts influence the physiology and behavior of their host, but the extent to which these effects scale to social behaviors is an emerging area of research. The use of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a model enables researchers to investigate the gut microbiome and behavior at several levels of social organization. Insight into gut microbial effects at the societal level is critical for our understanding of how involved microbial symbionts are in host biology. In this Commentary, we discuss recent findings in honeybee gut microbiome research and synthesize these with knowledge of the physiology and behavior of other model organisms to hypothesize how host–microbe interactions at the individual level could shape societal dynamics and evolution.
Early Onset Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Clinical Characteristics, Oncological Outcomes, and Genomic/Transcriptomic Features
Authors: Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Han Xu , Guglielmi Alfredo , Aldrighetti Luca , Weiss Matthew , Bauer Todd W. , Alexandrescu Sorin , Poultsides George A. , Maithel Shishir K. , Marques Hugo P. , Martel Guillaume , Pulitano Carlo , Shen Feng , Chaucy François , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Endo Itaru , Sasaki Kazunari , Aucejo Federico , Zhang Xu-Feng , Zhu Hua , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Data on clinical characteristics and disease-specific prognosis among patients with early onset intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are currently limited.

Methods
Patients undergoing hepatectomy for ICC between 2000 and 2020 were identified by using a multi-institutional database. The association of early (≤50 years) versus typical onset (>50 years) ICC with recurrence-free (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) was assessed in the multi-institutional database and validated in an external cohort. The genomic and transcriptomic profiles of early versus late onset ICC were analyzed by using the Total Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center databases.

Results
Among 971 patients undergoing resection for ICC, 22.7% (n = 220) had early-onset ICC. Patients with early-onset ICC had worse 5-year RFS (24.1% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.05) and DSS (36.5% vs. 48.9%, p = 0.03) compared with patients with typical onset ICC despite having earlier T-stage tumors and lower rates of microvascular invasion. In the validation cohort, patients with early-onset ICC had worse 5-year RFS (7.4% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.002) compared with individuals with typical onset ICC. Using the TCGA cohort, 652 and 266 genes were found to be upregulated (including ATP8A2) and downregulated (including UTY and KDM5D) in early versus typical onset ICC, respectively. Genes frequently implicated as oncogenic drivers, including CDKN2A, IDH1, BRAF, and FGFR2 were infrequently mutated in the early-onset ICC patients.

Conclusions
Early-onset ICC has distinct clinical and genomic/transcriptomic features. Morphologic and clinicopathologic characteristics were unable to fully explain differences in outcomes among early versus typical onset ICC patients. The current study offers a preliminary landscape of the molecular features of early-onset ICC.
Differential diagnosis of retronychia, onychomycosis and onychomadesis
Authors: Wahlen Bianca Maria , El-Menyar Ayman , Elkholy Ayman 
Published: February 2024

Background: In rare dermatology cases the differential diagnosis is challenging, e.g. when one nail is growing below another, the provisional diagnosis could be confusing. It may present as chronic paronychia, candidiasis, bacterial infections, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, subungual tumours, or cysts. Case description: We present a case of iatrogenic rupture of the nails of both big toes following a commonly known recommendation from physiotherapists in the initial stages of hallux valgus or chronic arthritis by using kinesio tape to prevent the big toe from fixation in the valgus position. The initial provisional diagnosis of retronychia was revised, and a final diagnosis of onychomadesis was made. The patient’s complaint was solved after around one year without any specific therapy. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis for onychomadesis needs a careful and detailed history that may prevent a patient from a frightening diagnosis and painful, long-lasting treatments.
How and when is academic stress associated with mobile phone addiction? The roles of psychological distress, peer alienation and rumination
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , Han Miao , Lian Shuailei , Cao Xiaoxuan , Yan Lei 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundMobile phone addiction has a high detection rate among adolescents and is thought to be related to academic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms in this relation were still unclear. The present study tested the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating roles of peer alienation and rumination in the relationship between academic stress and mobile phone addiction.MethodsA total of 742 middle school students were recruited to complete measures of academic stress, psychological distress, mobile phone addiction, peer alienation, rumination, and demographic variables. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.ResultsThe results indicated that academic stress was significantly and positively associated with mobile phone addiction, and this link could be mediated by psychological distress. Moreover, this indirect effect was moderated by both peer alienation and rumination. Specifically, the mediating effect of psychological distress was stronger for adolescents with higher levels of peer alienation or adolescents with higher levels of rumination, as well as those with both higher levels of peer alienation and rumination.ConclusionThe findings of this study enrich our understanding of how and for whom academic stress is correlated with mobile phone addiction. Education experts and parents should pay special attention to adolescents suffering from academic stress, especially those with higher peer alienation and rumination, and help them get rid of mobile phone addiction.
Prescription drug coverage and effective coverage of three chronic conditions of high prevalence in Chile: Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia
Authors: Matute Isabel , Castillo-Laborde Carla 
Published: February 2024

Background
Access to medicines is a serious problem globally and in Chile. Despite the creation of coverage policies, part of the population with chronic conditions of high prevalence, still does not have access to the medicines it requires and disease control continues to be low. The objective of the study was to estimate the medication use and effective coverage for diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension in Chile, analyzing them according to sociodemographic variables and social determinants of health.

Methods
Cross-sectional analytical study with information from the 2016–2017 National Health Survey (sample = 6,233 people aged 15 years or older, expanded = 14,518,969). Descriptive analyses of medication use and effective coverage for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were carried out, and multivariate logistic regression models were developed to analyze possible associations with variables of interest.

Results
60% of people with hypertension or diabetes use medications and only 27.7% in dyslipidemia. While 54.2% of those with diabetes have their glycemia controlled, in hypertension and dyslipidemia the effective coverage drops to 33.3% and 6.6%, respectively. There are no differences in use by health system, but there are differences in the control of hypertension and diabetes, favoring beneficiaries of the private subsystem. Effective coverage of dyslipidemia and hypertension also increases in those using medications. The drugs coincide with the established protocols, although beneficiaries of the private sector report greater use of innovative drugs.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of Chileans with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia still do not use the required medications and do not control their conditions.
Multimodality radiomics for tumor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Khongwirotphan Sararas , Oonsiri Sornjarod , Kitpanit Sarin , Prayongrat Anussara , Kannarunimit Danita , Chakkabat Chakkapong , Lertbutsayanukul Chawalit , Sriswasdi Sira , Rakvongthai Yothin 
Published: February 2024

Background
The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is challenging due to late-stage identification and frequently undetectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. Incorporating radiomic features, which quantify tumor characteristics from imaging, may enhance prognosis assessment.

Purpose
To investigate the predictive power of radiomic features on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in NPC.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis of 183 NPC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy from 2010 to 2019 was conducted. All patients were followed for at least three years. The pretreatment CT images with contrast medium, MR images (T1W and T2W), as well as gross tumor volume (GTV) contours, were used to extract radiomic features using PyRadiomics v.2.0. Robust and efficient radiomic features were chosen using the intraclass correlation test and univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. They were then combined with clinical data including age, gender, tumor stage, and EBV DNA level for prognostic evaluation using Cox proportional hazard regression models with recursive feature elimination (RFE) and were optimized using 20 repetitions of a five-fold cross-validation scheme.

Results
Integrating radiomics with clinical data significantly enhanced the predictive power, yielding a C-index of 0.788 ± 0.066 to 0.848 ± 0.079 for the combined model versus 0.745 ± 0.082 to 0.766 ± 0.083 for clinical data alone (p<0.05). Multimodality radiomics combined with clinical data offered the highest performance. Despite the absence of EBV DNA, radiomics integration significantly improved survival predictions (C-index ranging from 0.770 ± 0.070 to 0.831 ± 0.083 in combined model versus 0.727 ± 0.084 to 0.734 ± 0.088 in clinical model, p<0.05).

Conclusions
The combination of multimodality radiomic features from CT and MR images could offer superior predictive performance for OS, PFS, and DMFS compared to relying on conventional clinical data alone.
Comparative Efficacy of P-CAB vs Proton Pump Inhibitors for Grade C/D Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhuang Qianjun , Chen Songfeng , Zhou Xuyu , Jia Xingyu , Zhang Mengyu , Tan Niandi , Chen Fangfei , Zhang Zhanye , Hu Junnan , Xiao Yinglian 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:Los Angeles grade C/D esophagitis is a severe manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease that require active treatment and close follow-up. Potassium competitive acid blockers (P-CAB) are promising alternatives to proton pump inhibitors (PPI). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of P-CAB and PPI in healing grade C/D esophagitis to aid clinical decision-making.METHODS:A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion if efficacy of P-CAB and PPI in healing grade C/D esophagitis was reported. Pooled risk ratios and risk difference with 95% credible intervals were used to summarize estimated effect of each comparison. The benefit of treatments was ranked using the surface under the cumulative probability ranking score.RESULTS:Of 5,876 articles identified in the database, 24 studies were eligible. Studies included incorporated 3 P-CAB (vonoprazan, tegoprazan, and keverprazan) and 6 PPI (lansoprazole, esomeprazole, omeprazole, rabeprazole extended-release (ER), pantoprazole, and dexlansoprazole). Based on the failure to achieve mucosal healing, 20 mg of vonoprazan q.d. ranked the first among PPI in initial and maintained healing of grade C/D esophagitis (surface under the cumulative probability ranking score = 0.89 and 0.87, respectively). Vonoprazan had similar risk of incurring adverse events, severe adverse events, and withdrawal to drug when compared with PPI. For those who attempted lower maintenance treatment dose, 10 mg of vonoprazan q.d. was a reasonable choice, considering its moderate efficacy and safety.DISCUSSION:Vonoprazan has considerable efficacy in initial and maintained healing of grade C/D esophagitis compared with PPI, with moderate short-term and long-term safety.