bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cord of four strands: Perspective of pre‐medical and medical students on combined teaching modalities in undergraduate biochemistry
Authors: Andrews Simeon , Paul Pradipta , Chaari Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite being a traditional coursework for pre‐medical and medical students around the globe, biochemistry education suffers from a lack of positive appreciation due to the nature of the subject combined with deficiency of teaching modalities. A first semester biochemistry course was designed to include four different teaching modalities: lectures, recitations, case studies, and student presentations. A multi‐item, anonymous, and voluntary questionnaire was distributed to students who had just completed the course and to those who had taken it the previous year. The questionnaire asked students to evaluate the course and how the different modalities affected their learning. These questionnaires took place in a two‐year period between 2020 and 2021. Eighty‐six (46%) of 186 total students responded. The vast majority of respondents agreed with the use of multimodal teaching techniques with respect to its impact on overall preparedness for future coursework, understanding, and enjoyability. Lectures and recitations were found to be the most useful in information retention and learning, although the same were found to be less enjoyable than other modalities. Although case studies and presentations were found to be enjoyable, most students ranked them low in terms of information retention and were the most voted to be removed from the course. There was general agreement between premedical and medical students' perception on the usefulness of the multimodal teaching techniques with respect to medical biochemistry modules and standardized exams. The agreement between cohorts suggests the premedical students accurately evaluated the usefulness of the course for the following year and validates the usefulness of the premedical student surveys. Use of multiple modalities in biochemistry education can be of substantial benefit in engaging and preparing students for further education.
Corporate entrepreneurial leadership, resources, capabilities, and sustainable performance
Authors: Chaudhuri Ranjan , Chatterjee Sheshadri , Kamble Sachin , Gupta Shivam , Ndubisi Nelson Oly , Belhadi Amine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCorporate entrepreneurial leadership (CEL) plays a critical role in promoting innovative behavior that disrupts existing practices in organizations, to say the least, encouraging new policy initiatives that could affect the business and social performance of the organizations under their sustainable development goals (SDGs). CEL can help achieve SDGs by redesigning different contextual factors to help promote various policy initiatives. In this vein, this study identifies the factors which could improve the business and social performance of the organizations helping to achieve SDGs through an amalgam of theoretical lenses, particularly the dynamic capability view. Based on extant literature, we developed, validated, and applied a theoretical model using the partial least square structural equation modeling technique on data collected from 327 respondents from different organizations. The study found that CEL capability significantly and positively impacts the various organizational entities and resources, which in turn affects the business and social performance of the organizations. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are also discussed.
UPLC‐MS‐Based Metabolomics Profiling and Chemometric Analysis for Hypericum sinaicum Boiss and the Endophytic Aspergillus foetidus in Comparison to Hypericum perforatum L.
Authors: Sheashea Mohamed , El‐Hawary Seham , Ahmed Fatma A. , Salem Mohamed A. , Ezzat Marwa I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the endangered plant species in Saint Catherine protectorate is Hypericum sinaicum Boiss which is endemic to Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. The fungus‐host relationship can assist in the investigation of bioactive compounds produced by H. sinaicum paving the way for economic and medicinal implications. Therefore, a comprehensive metabolic approach via MS and chemical analysis was used to track and compare metabolites from H. sinaicum and Aspergillus foetidus var. pallidus, the endophytic fungus, with Hypericum perforatum. Metabolomics analysis revealed the presence of 25 metabolites distributed among samples and the discovery of new chemotaxonomic compounds, i. e., phloroglucinols and xanthones, allowing the discrimination between species. A. foetidus extract is considered a reliable source of furohyperforin and naphthodianthrone derivatives. In conclusion, using A. foetidus as an in vitro technique for producing potential phytoconstituents was cost effective, having easier optimization conditions and faster growth with fewer contamination rates than other in vitro methods.
The role of efferocytosis and transplant rejection: Strategies in promoting transplantation tolerance using apoptotic cell therapy and/or synthetic particles
Authors: Vafadar Asma , Vosough Parisa , Jahromi Hossein Kargar , Tajbakhsh Amir , Savardshtaki Amir , Butler Alexandra E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, efforts have been made to recognize the precise reason(s) for transplant failure and the process of rejection utilizing the molecular signature. Most transplant recipients do not appreciate the unknown length of survival of allogeneic grafts with the existing standard of care. Two noteworthy immunological pathways occur during allogeneic transplant rejection. A nonspecific innate immune response predominates in the early stages of the immune reaction, and allogeneic antigens initiate a donor‐specific adaptive reaction. Though the adaptive response is the major cause of allograft rejection, earlier pro‐inflammatory responses that are part of the innate immune response are also regarded as significant in graft loss. The onset of the innate and adaptive immune response causes chronic and acute transplant rejection. Currently employed immunosuppressive medications have shown little or no influence on chronic rejection and, as a result, on overall long‐term transplant survival. Furthermore, long‐term pharmaceutical immunosuppression is associated with side effects, toxicity, and an increased risk of developing diseases, both infectious and metabolic. As a result, there is a need for the development of innovative donor‐specific immunosuppressive medications to regulate the allorecognition pathways that induce graft loss and to reduce the side effects of immunosuppression. Efferocytosis is an immunomodulatory mechanism with fast and efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs). As such, AC therapy strategies have been suggested to limit transplant‐related sequelae. Efferocytosis‐based medicines/treatments can also decrease the use of immunosuppressive drugs and have no detrimental side effects. Thus, this review aims to investigate the impact of efferocytosis on transplant rejection/tolerance and identify approaches using AC clearance to increase transplant viability.
Curcumin promotes apoptosis of human melanoma cells by caspase 3
Authors: Manica Daiane , Silva Gilnei Bruno da , Silva Alana Patrícia da , Marafon Filomena , Maciel Sarah Franco Vieira de Oliveira , Bagatini Margarete Dulce , Moreno Marcelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCutaneous melanoma (CM) is a malignant neoplasm with a high metastatic rate that shows poor response to systemic treatments in patients with advanced stages. Recently, studies have highlighted the antineoplastic potential of natural compounds, such as polyphenols, in the adjuvant therapy context to treat CM. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of curcumin (0.1–100 µM) on the metastatic CM cell line SK‐MEL‐28. The cells were treated for 6 and 24 h with different concentrations of curcumin. Cell viability was assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence microscopy. The apoptotic‐inducing potential was detected by annexin V flow cytometry. The wound healing assay was used to verify cell migration after the curcumin exposition. The redox profile was evaluated by levels of the pro‐oxidant markers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nitric oxide (NOx) and antioxidants of total thiols (PSH) and nonprotein thiols. The gene expression and enzymatic activity of caspase 3 were evaluated by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a sensitive fluorescence assay, respectively. Curcumin significantly decreased the cell viability of SK‐MEL‐28 cells at both exposure times. It also induced apoptosis at the highest concentration tested (p < .0001). SK‐MEL‐28 cell migration was inhibited by curcumin after treatment with 10 µM (p < .0001) and 100 µM (p < .0001) for 6 and 24 h (p = .0006 and p < .0001, respectively). Furthermore, curcumin significantly increased levels of ROS and NOx. Finally, curcumin was capable of increasing the gene expression at 10 µM (p = .0344) and 100 µM (p = .0067) and enzymatic activity at 10 µM (p = .0086) and 100 µM (p < .0001) of caspase 3 after 24 h. For the first time, we elucidated in our study that curcumin increases ROS levels, promoting oxidative stress that activates the caspase pathway and culminates in SK‐MEL‐28 metastatic CM cell death.
Auranofin sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel chemotherapy by disturbing the cellular redox system
Authors: Natarajan Deepika , Prasad N. Rajendra , Sudharsan M. , Bharathiraja Pradhapsingh , Lakra Deepa Swati 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic redox status of cancer cells limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Auranofin, a Food and Drug Administration‐approved gold‐containing compound, documented with effective pharmacokinetics and safety profiles in humans, has recently been repurposed for anticancer activity. This study examined the paclitaxel‐sensitizing effect of auranofin by targeting redox balance in the MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. Auranofin treatment depletes the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and alters the redox ratio in the breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, it has been noticed that auranofin augmented paclitaxel‐mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration‐dependent manner in both MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cell lines. Moreover, auranofin increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (observed using 2, 7‐diacetyl dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining) and subsequently altered the mitochondrial membrane potential (rhodamine‐123 staining) in a concentration‐dependent manner. Further, the expression of apoptotic marker p21 was found to be higher in auranofin plus paclitaxel‐treated breast cancer cells compared to paclitaxel‐alone treatment. Thus, the present results illustrate the chemosensitizing property of auranofin in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines via oxidative metabolism. Therefore, auranofin could be considered a chemosensitizing agent during cancer chemotherapy.
Grain factors in food and feed that influence digestion and gut fermentation outcomes
Authors: Gidley Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGrains are typically the main component in both human diets and animal feed. The factors in grains that influence digestion and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract are incompletely understood, limiting both product innovation and rational selection of grains for desired nutritional outcomes. This review summarizes the current understanding of the multiple mechanisms operating within the digestive tract of humans and monogastric production animals, with a focus on the effects of grains.FindingsMolecular composition and residual cellular structures in grain‐based food and feed each have impacts on digestion and fermentation processes. There is a complex interplay between enzyme digestion rates, fermentation rates, and digesta transit processes in the gastrointestinal tract based on the material properties of grain foods/feeds and hormonal signals triggered by nutrient and fermentation product uptake. Opportunities for modulation of nutritional value in grain food and feed can be identified based on particle size, local molecular density, and hydration properties.ConclusionsMany advances in understanding the factors in grains that influence enzyme digestion and gut microbial fermentation have been made recently. Current nutritional labeling based on molecular composition and not digestion or fermentation properties ignores the important role that residual grain cellular structure plays in both human and animal nutrition.Significance and NoveltyBy comparing the effects of grain‐based foods and feeds on gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation, and digesta transit, opportunities and challenges for addressing nutritional targets for human health and monogastric animal production through grain innovation are discussed.
An Unusual Macrocyclic Hexamer of an Iso‐Tellurazole N‐Oxide Featuring CTe…O Chalcogen Bonds is Formed by κ6‐O Complexation to Fe(II) and Ni(II)
Authors: Wang Jin , Ho Peter C. , Craig Matthew G. J. , Cevallos Alberto , Britten James F. , Vargas‐Baca Ignacio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies of the supramolecular chemistry of iso‐tellurazole N‐oxides have been confined to non‐polar media until now. To overcome that limitation, an iso‐tellurazole N‐oxide was derivatized with a primary alcohol group; the compound is soluble in polar solvents and stable in acidic to neutral aqueous media. Nickel (II) and iron (II) form macrocyclic complexes with six molecules of that iso‐tellurazole N‐oxide in a hitherto not‐observed macrocyclic arrangement defined by CTe⋅⋅⋅O chalcogen bonds and κ6‐O bound to the metal ion. This behaviour is in sharp contrast with the κn‐Te (n=1,2,4) complexes formed by soft metal ions.
Warum Kunststoffmedienleitungen nachhaltiger sind
Authors: Ardjomandi Cyrus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Batterieproduktion wird eine enorme Nachfrage an Kühl‐ und Heißwasseranwendungen mit sich bringen wird. Cyrus Ardjomandi, Business Development Manager mit Schwerpunkt Batterie Applikationen bei GF Piping Systems, legt im Interview dar, welche Energie und CO2‐Einsparpotenziale sich aus dem Einsatz von Kunststoffen in Medienleitungen sowie innovativen Verbindungs‐ und Automatisierungstechnologien in der Batterieproduktion ergeben.
Neue Denkansätze für mehr Energieeffizienz
Authors: Riegel Knut 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnergieeffizienz, insbesondere resultierend aus der Vermeidung von Emissionen, bietet eines der größten Potenziale für Unternehmen, den steigenden Energiekosten zu begegnen. Die emissionskontrollierte Technologie (ECAT) für Stellantriebe, bietet zusätzlich zu allen vorhandenen Vorteilen eigenmediumgeführter Antriebstechnik signifikante Lösungen zur Vermeidung von Emissionen.
Sulfoglycolipids and Related Analogues of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Studies
Authors: Chiu Cheng‐Hsin , Tan Janet Jia‐Yin , Mondal Soumik , Lin Chun‐Hung , Mong Kwok‐Kong Tony 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis as one major threat to human health, which has been deteriorated owing to the emerging multidrug resistance. Mtb contains a complex lipophilic cell wall structure that is important for bacterial persistence. Among the lipid components, sulfoglycolipids (SGLs), known to induce immune cell responses, are composed of a trehalose core attached with a conserved sulfate group and 1–4 fatty acyl chains in an asymmetric pattern. At least one of these acyl chains is polymethylated with 3–12 methyl branches. Although Mtb SGL can be isolated from bacterial culture, resulting SGL is still a homologous mixture, impeding accurate research studies. This up‐to‐date review covers the chemical synthesis and immunological studies of Mtb SGLs and structural analogues, with an emphasis on the development of new glycosylation methods and the asymmetric synthesis of polymethylated scaffolds. Both are critical to advance further research on biological functions of these complicated SGLs.
Effect of preoperative programmed death‐1 or programmed death ligand‐1 immune check point inhibition on complications after surgery for primary head and neck cancer
Authors: Philips Ramez , Alnemri Angela , Amin Dev , Patel Jena , Topf Michael C. , Johnson Jennifer M. , BarAd Voichita , Axelrod Rita , Argiris Athanassios , Fundakowski Christopher , Luginbuhl Adam J. , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is sparse literature on the effect of preoperative immunotherapy on complications after surgery for primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The objectives are to compare complication rates in patients receiving surgery with and without neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (nICI) for primary HNSCC and to evaluate factors associated with increased odds of surgical complications.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent ablation and free flap reconstruction or transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for primary HNSCC between 2017–2021 was conducted. Complications were compared between patients who underwent surgery with or without nICI before and after propensity score matching. Regression analysis to estimate odds ratios was performed.ResultsA total of 463 patients met inclusion criteria. Free flap reconstruction constituted 28.9% of patients and TORS constituted 71.1% of patients. nICI was administered in 83 of 463 (17.9%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference in surgical, medical, or overall complications between patients receiving surgery with or without nICI. In the unmatched cohort, multivariable model identified non‐White race, former/current smoking history, free flap surgery, and perineural invasion as factors significantly associated with increased complications. In the matched cohort, multivariable model identified advanced age and free flap surgery as factors significantly associated with increased complications.Plain Language Summary

It is safe to give immunotherapy before major surgery in patients who have head and neck cancer.
Advanced age, non‐White race, current/former smoking, free flap surgery, and perineural invasion may be associated with increased the odds of surgical complications.
Sine‐kernel determinant on two large intervals
Authors: Fahs Benjamin , Krasovsky Igor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider the probability of two large gaps (intervals without eigenvalues) in the bulk scaling limit of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble of random matrices. We determine the multiplicative constant in the asymptotics. We also provide the full explicit asymptotics (up to decreasing terms) for the transition between one and two large gaps.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Spike‐Shaped Zirconia Nanoparticles by Simple Co‐Precipitation Method for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Abhisek Kumar , Vhatkar Shashikant Shivaji , Mathew Helen Treasa , Oraon Ramesh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPresent work reports on the synthesis of spike‐shaped Zirconia nanoparticles (S‐Zr NPs) by a simple co‐precipitation method for supercapacitors. Physico‐chemical properties viz. structural and morphological features of as‐synthesized S‐Zr NPs are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet‐Visible (UV–Vis), photoluminescence (PL), Raman,X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Field emmision scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. As‐synthesized S‐Zr NPs have an average length and diameter of below 250 and 50 nm, respectively. Rietveld analysis is also performed that reveals the presence of the monoclinic phase as the major phase (99.67%) along with the tetragonal phase. Electrochemical performance is measured by cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge profile, and impedance spectroscopy. S‐Zr NPs exhibit the maximum specific capacitance of 108.88 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 1 M aq. KCl solution.
Comparative study of morphological, anatomical, cell wall compositional, and leaf elemental features of traffic‐tolerant versus traffic‐sensitive tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
Authors: Donelan Thomas , Thoms Adam , Arora Rajeev , Tekeste Mehari Z. , Jjagwe Pius 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTurfgrass traffic tolerance is essential for athletic field aesthetics and performance. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Scherb.; syn. Schedonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort., nom. cons.) is utilized on athletic fields due to its high tolerance to traffic stress. However, the physiochemical characteristics and mechanisms associated with traffic tolerance are not understood. Therefore, identifying traffic‐tolerant characteristics would be beneficial for selecting future turfgrass varieties. The objective of this study was to identify morphological, mechanical, and anatomical characteristics of traffic‐tolerant and traffic‐sensitive tall fescue varieties. Simulated traffic was applied to the 2018 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program tall fescue trial at the Iowa State Horticulture Research Station. A modified Baldree traffic simulator applied 24 simulated traffic events yearly during August and September 2019–2021. The four most traffic‐tolerant/traffic‐sensitive varieties, each, were selected based on the average final percent green cover after simulated traffic. Evaluations included leaf width and thickness, leaf angle, plant density, intercellular void space, and maximum and final resistive force of three‐point bending testing. Additionally, cell wall constituents, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and concentration of three elements (nitrogen [N], calcium [Ca], potassium [K]) were quantified in the leaf. Compared to traffic‐sensitive varieties, the traffic‐tolerant group (SE5302, SE5STAR, BGR‐TF3, and PST‐5DART) exhibited wider leaves (3.53 vs. 2.73 mm), lower plant density (23.4 vs. 38.6 plants 7 cm−2), larger intercellular void space (29,532 vs. 10,051 μm2), greater maximum resistive force (0.607 vs. 0.350 N), and greater final displacement force (0.531 vs. 0.288 N). The identification of these characteristics could be used as selection criteria for traffic‐tolerant varieties of tall fescue in future.
Dosage response to reduced height‐1 (Rht‐1) loss‐of‐function mutations and characterization of slender phenotype in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Ugrin Josey M. , Hogg Andrew C. , Tracy Emma M. , Tillett Brandon J. , Cook Jason P. , Martin John M. , Giroux Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe reduced height (Rht‐1) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are integral in controlling plant height. Previous studies in other plant species have demonstrated that loss‐of‐function mutations in their orthologous Rht‐1 genes results in plants with a slender phenotype illustrated by increased plant heights, sterility, and a constitutive gibberellic acid (GA3) response; however, this phenotype has not been described in wheat. In this study, nonsense alleles occurring in the GRAS domain of Rht‐A1, B1, and D1 were combined to create single, double, and triple Rht‐1 mutants. Homozygous lines possessing none, one, two, or three Rht‐1 stop mutations were grown in replicated field trials in three environments to assess agronomic traits. Germination tests to measure GA3 responsiveness and gene expression analysis via RNA‐seq were also performed. Rht‐1 triple mutants exhibited a slender phenotype characterized by rapid growth, elongated coleoptiles and internodes, elongated spikes, decreased tiller and spikelet number, and sterile heads. The presence of a single functional Rht‐1 gene resulted in a normal phenotype. Differences in plant height among the Rht‐1 double mutants, Rht‐1 single mutants, and Rht‐1 all wild‐type dosages trended toward increased plant height with increased Rht‐1 stop mutation dosage. Differences in Rht‐1 homeolog gene expression did not equate to differences in plant height between the different Rht‐1 stop mutations.