bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the 13C NMR Spectra of Molecules, Chiral by Isotopic Substitution, Dissolved in a Chiral Oriented Environment: Towards the Absolute Assignment of the pro‐R/pro‐S Character of Enantiotopic Ligands in Prochiral Molecules
Authors: Lesot Philippe , Lafon Olivier , Courtieu Jacques , Berdagué Philippe 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe examined and discuss the proton‐ and deuterium‐decoupled carbon‐13 1D spectrum of a molecule, chiral by virtue of the isotopic substitution, dissolved in a chiral oriented medium which simultaneously exhibits chiral discrimination, enantiomeric enrichment and isotope effect. Using the 1‐deutero‐(2′,3′,4′,5′,6′‐pentadeuterophenyl)phenylmethanol orientationally ordered in a chiral nematic liquid crystal as illustrative example, we point out three important features. First, we demonstrate that the absolute assignment of the pro‐R/pro‐S character may be derived from the absolute configuration of the isotopically chiral analogue. Second, we report evidence that isotopic effect on 13C chemical shift anisotropy is negligible in a weakly orienting solvent. Third, we definitely establish that the molecular orientation of prochiral Cs symmetry molecules and their parent compounds that are chiral by virtue of the isotopic substitution is the same.
Ionic Liquid Analogues Formed from Hydrated Metal Salts
Authors: Abbott Andrew P. , Capper Glen , Davies David L. , Rasheed Raymond K. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA dark green, viscous liquid can be formed by mixing choline chloride with chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate and the physical properties are characteristic of an ionic liquid. The eutectic composition is found to be 1:2 choline chloride/chromium chloride. The viscosity and conductivity are measured as a function of temperature and composition and explained in terms of the ion size and liquid void volume. The electrochemical response of the ionic liquid is also characterised and it is shown that chromium can be electrodeposited efficiently to yield a crack‐free deposit. This approach could circumvent the use of chromic acid for chromium electroplating, which would be a major environmental benefit. This method of using hydrated metal salts to form ionic liquids is shown to be valid for a variety of other salt mixtures with choline chloride.
Does Hydrogen Bonding Matter in Crystal Engineering? Crystal Structures of Salts of Isomeric Ions
Authors: Angeloni Alessandro , Crawford Paul C. , Orpen A. Guy , Podesta Thomas J. , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe preparation and structure determinations of the crystalline salts [3,3′‐H2bipy][PtCl4] (2), [2,2′‐H2bipy][PtCl4] (3) and [1,4′‐Hbipy][PtCl4] (4) and [3,3′‐H2bipy][SbCl5] (6) and [1,4′‐Hbipy][SbCl5] (8) are reported. In addition a redetermination of the structure of the metastable salt [4,4′‐H2bipy][SbCl5] (5 b) in the corrected space group Pbcm is described. These structures are compared to those of the known salt [4,4′‐H2bipy][PtCl4] (1), the stable triclinic form of [4,4′‐H2bipy][SbCl5] (5 a) and [2,2′‐H2bipy][SbCl5] (7). In the case of the salts of the rigid [PtCl4]2− ion, structures 2, 3 and 4 are essentially isostructural despite the differing hydrogen‐bonding capability of the cations. Similarly, among the salts of [SbCl5]2− ions, structures 7 and 8 are essentially isostructural. Structure 6 differs from these in having a differing pattern of aggregation of the [SbCl5]2− ions to form polymeric rather than tetrameric units. It is evident that local hydrogen‐bonding interactions, although significant, are not the only or even the decisive influence on the crystal structures formed by these salts. These observations are not in good accord with the heuristic “sticky tecton” or supramolecular synthon models for synthetic crystallography or crystal engineering.
Li2.5V2(PO4)3: A Room‐Temperature Analogue to the Fast‐Ion Conducting High‐Temperature γ‐Phase of Li3V2(PO4)3.
Authors: Yin S.‐C. , Strobel P. S. , Grondey H. , Nazar L. F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring‐Like Nanosheets Standing on Spindle‐Like Rods: Unusual ZnO Superstructures Synthesized from a Flakelike Precursor Zn5(OH)8Cl2×H2O.
Authors: Liu Biao , Yu Shu‐Hong , Zhang Fen , Li Linjie , Zhang Qiao , Ren Lei , Jiang Ke 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Monitoring of α‐Bi2Mo3O12 Catalyst Formation Using Thermo‐Raman Spectroscopy.
Authors: Ghule Anil , Tzing Shin‐Hwa , Chang Jia‐Yaw , Ghule Kalyani , Chang Hua , Ling Yong Chien 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure—Property Relationships in the Nonlinear Optical Crystal KTiOPO4 Investigated Using NMR and ab Initio DFT Calculations.
Authors: Thomas P. A. , Baldwin A. , Dupree R. , Blaha P. , Schwarz K. , Samoson A. , Gan Z. H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal Evolution of the Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure in LuVO3: A Neutron Diffraction Study.
Authors: Munoz A. , Alonso J. A. , Casais M. T. , Martinez‐Lope M. J. , Martinez J. L. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Prussian‐Blue Type Ferrimagnet Na[MnCr(CN)6]: Single Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Dong Wen , Zhu Li‐Na , Song Hai‐Bin , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui , Yan Shi‐Ping , Cheng Peng , Gao Song 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Structure, and the Unusual Magnetic Properties of an Amine‐Templated Iron(II) Sulfate Possessing the Kagome Lattice.
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Sampathkumaran E. V. , Nagarajan R. , Paul Geo , Behera J. N. , Choudhury Amitava 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Stereoselective Reduction of Haloketones Using Three New Yeasts: Application to the Synthesis of (S)‐Adrenergic β‐Blockers Related to Propranolol.
Authors: Martinez Lagos Fernando , Carballeira Jose D. , Bermudez Jose L. , Alvarez Emilio , Sinisterra Jose V. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium—Indium Iodide‐Mediated Allylation and Propargylation of Glyoxylic Oxime Ether and Hydrazone: The Role of Water in Directing the Diastereoselective Allylation.
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Yamaoka Yousuke , Naito Takeaki , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dialkylaminoacetonitrile Derivatives as Amide Synthons. A One‐Pot Preparation of Heteroaryl Amides via a Strategy of Sequential SNAr Substitution and Oxidation.
Authors: Zhang Zhongxing , Yin Zhiwei , Kadow John F. , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane‐2‐endo,7‐endo‐diols: 1,3‐Diols with a Chiral Rigid Backbone.
Authors: Peri Francesca , Binassi Enrico , Manetto Antonio , Marotta Emanuela , Mazzanti Andrea , Righi Paolo , Scardovi Neomi , Rosini Goffredo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Double‐Chelation‐Assisted Rh‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroacylation Between Salicylaldehydes and 1,4‐Penta‐ or 1,5‐Hexadienes.
Authors: Imai Masanori , Tanaka Masakazu , Tanaka Keitaro , Yamamoto Yoichiro , Imai‐Ogata Naoko , Shimowatari Masato , Nagumo Shinji , Kawahara Norio , Suemune Hiroshi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Highly Chemoselective Cocyclotrimerization of Arynes with Allenes: A Novel Method for 10‐Methylene‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrenes.
Authors: Hsieh Jen‐Chieh , Rayabarapu Dinesh Kumar , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acetonitrile Derivatives as Carbonyl Synthons. One‐Pot Preparation of Diheteroaryl Ketones via a Strategy of Sequential SNAr Substitution and Oxidation.
Authors: Yin Zhiwei , Zhang Zhongxing , Kadow John F. , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bimetallic Reagents of Silicon: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans by a Double Sakurai—Hosomi Reaction.
Authors: Sarkar Tarun K. , Haque Sk. Anwarul , Basak Arindrajit 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Synthesis of 5‐Alkylidene and 5‐(Iodoalkylidene)‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones by Halolactamization of (2Z,4E)‐Dienamides and (Z)‐Alk‐2‐en‐4‐ynamides.
Authors: Cherry Khalil , Thibonnet Jerome , Duchene Alain , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Abarbri Mohamed 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anti‐HIV‐1 Activity of Pyrryl Aryl Sulfone (PAS) Derivatives: Synthesis and SAR Studies of Novel Esters and Amides at the Position 2 of the Pyrrole Nucleus.
Authors: Silvestri Romano , Artico Marino , La Regina Giuseppe , De Martino Gabriella , La Colla Massimiliano , Loddo Roberta , Colla Paolo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neutrophilic Inflammation Inhibitors.
Authors: Bruno Olga , Brullo Chiara , Arduino Nicoletta , Schenone Silvia , Ranise Angelo , Bondavalli Francesco , Ottonello Luciano , Dapino Patrizia , Dallegri Franco 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Aryl‐ and Heteroaryl‐Substituted 3‐Benzyloxyisothiazoles via Suzuki and Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Kaae Birgitte H. , Krogsgaard‐Larsen Povl , Johansen Tommy N. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simple and Efficient Cleavage Reaction of the Boc Group in Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Nadia Klai , Malika Berredjem , Nawel Khettache , MedYazid Belghit , Zine Regainia , Aouf Nour‐Eddine 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antileukemic Activity of New 3‐(1‐Phenyl‐3‐methylpyrazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐styrylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Raffa Demetrio , Daidone Giuseppe , Maggio Benedetta , Cascioferro Stella , Plescia Fabiana , Schillaci Domenico 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of 5‐Amino‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazine‐3‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Synthesis of Compound Libraries Thereof.
Authors: Gambert Romain , Kuratli Christoph , Martin Rainer E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4H‐Thieno[3,4‐e]‐ and 4H‐Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]‐1,2,4‐thiadiazine 1,1‐Dioxides. Synthesis, Chemical Properties and Evaluation of Their Potential Cardiovascular Activity.
Authors: Vega Salvador , Arranz Maria Esther 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A One‐Pot Synthesis of Aryl‐N‐[(4‐Methylphenylsulfonyl)] ‐N‐(triphenylphosphoranylidene)imidocarbamates from 5‐Aryloxytetrazoles.
Authors: Modarresi‐Alam Ali Reza , Khamooshi Ferydoon 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Four Illudane Sesquiterpenes from Coprinopsis episcopalis.
Authors: Reina Matias , Orihuela Juan C. , Gonzalez‐Coloma Azucena , de Ines Concepcion , de la Cruz Mercedes , Gonzalez del Val Antonio , Torno Jose R. , Fraga Braulio M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(.+‐.)‐Schefflone: A Trimeric Monoterpenoid from the Root Bark of Uvaria scheffleri
Authors: Nkunya Mayunga H. H. , Jonker Stephan A. , de Gelder Rene , Wachira Sabina W. , Kihampa Charles 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthesis of Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids: Oxynitidine and Oxysanguinarine Using Lithiated Toluamide—Benzonitrile Cycloaddition.
Authors: Le Thanh Nguyen , Gang Seong Gyoung , Cho Won‐Jea 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5′‐C‐Methyl‐1′,3′‐dioxolan‐4′‐yl Nucleosides.
Authors: Du Jinfa , Patterson Steven , Shi Junxing , Chun Byoung‐Kwon , Stuyver Lieven J. , Watanabe Kyoichi A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclic Azaphilones Daldinins E and F from the Ascomycete Fungus Hypoxylon fuscum (Xylariaceae)
Authors: Quang Dang Ngoc , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Tanaka Masami , Stadler Marc , Asakawa Yoshinori 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sweet Success: Ionic Liquids Derived from Non‐Nutritive Sweeteners.
Authors: Carter Elke B. , Culver Stephanie L. , Fox Phillip A. , Goode Russell D. , Ntai Ioanna , Tickell Morgan D. , Traylor Rachel K. , Hoffman Norris W. , Davis James H. Jr. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Meccano on the Nanoscale — A Blueprint for Making Some of the World′s Tiniest Machines
Authors: Flood Amar H. , Ramirez Robert J. A. , Deng Wei‐Qiao , Muller Richard P. , Goddard William A. III , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thiazolium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aldehydes with Acylimines: A New Method for the Synthesis of α‐Amidoketones
Authors: Murry Jerry A. , Frantz Doug , Soheili Arash , Tillyer Richard , Grabowski Edward J. J. , Reider Paul J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biological Relevance and Synthesis of C‐Substituted Morpholine Derivatives
Authors: Wijtmans Roel , Vink Mandy K. S. , Schoemaker Hans E. , van Delft Floris L. , Blaauw Richard H. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chronotopic organization of olfactory bulb axons in the lateral olfactory tract
Authors: Yamatani Hitoshi , Sato Yasufumi , Fujisawa Hajime , Hirata Tatsumi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe arrangement of axons in a tract can have a specific effect on the organization of functional neuronal circuits. Here we describe olfactory bulb axons chronologically arranged in the lateral olfactory tract. Newly differentiated projection neurons over the whole olfactory bulb are similarly marked with transient expression of c‐kit protein. Their axons are assembled together and project into the ventral superficial part of the tract, displacing the older axons. This special assembly of the axons explains the nontopographic relationships between the olfactory bulb and the lateral olfactory tract axons that have been described in previous studies and could possibly influence the subsequent selection of the olfactory target areas by these axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:247–260, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial glia express aromatase in the injured zebra finch brain
Authors: Peterson Richard S. , Lee Diane W. , Fernando Gowry , Schlinger Barney A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractEstrogens have neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. The synthesis of estrogen occurs via the expression of aromatase. Previous studies have shown that injury to the vertebrate brain results in a rapid and dramatic up‐regulation of aromatase expression in astrocytes around the lesion. As part of experiments examining injury‐induced glial aromatization, we identified aromatase in radial glia of the zebra finch brain. Adult female zebra finches received a penetrating injury to the right hippocampus. Twenty‐four hours after lesioning, birds were administered bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and sacrificed 2 hours, 1 day, or 7 days later. We determined the distribution of aromatase and BrdU labeling by using immunocytochemistry. Radial aromatase was localized to cells lining the lateral ventricle adjacent to the lesioned hippocampus. Injury also induced a dramatic accumulation of newly generated cells labeled with BrdU around the lesion. BrdU labeling was strongly associated with aromatase‐positive radial fibers, suggesting the migration of newly generated cells along these fibers. In the songbird brain, estrogen supports neuronal recruitment and promotes the survival and addition of new neurons. The presence of aromatase in radial glia provides a mechanism of estrogen delivery to postmitotic cells. Radial aromatization may be a key feature in the repair of the vertebrate brain following neural injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:261–269, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of a specific sensory epithelium in the rat larynx
Authors: Sbarbati Andrea , Merigo Flavia , Benati Donatella , Tizzano Marco , Bernardi Paolo , Crescimanno Caterina , Osculati Francesco 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA specific laryngeal sensory epithelium (SLSE), which includes arrays of solitary chemoreceptor cells, is described in the supraglottic region of the rat. Two plates of SLSE were found, one on each side of the larynx. The first plate was located in the ventrolateral wall of the larynx, and the second was located in the interarytenoidal region. In SLSE, immunoblotting showed the presence of α‐gustducin and phospholipase C β2 (PLCβ2), which are two markers of chemoreceptor cells. At immunocytochemistry, laryngeal immunoreactivity for α‐gustducin was localized mainly in solitary chemosensory cells. Double‐label immunocytochemistry using confocal microscopy demonstrated that α‐gustducin–expressing cells in large part colocalize type III IP3 receptor (IP3R3), another key molecule in bitter taste perception. However, some IP3R3–expressing cells do not colocalize α‐gustducin. At ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, these cells showed packed apical microvilli, clear cytoplasmic vesicles, and cytoneural junctions. SLSE was characterized by high permeability to a tracer due to poorly developed junctional contacts between superficial cells. Junctions were short in length and showed little contact with the terminal web. Ultrastructural analysis showed deep pits among the superficial cells. In SLSE, high density of intraepithelial nerve fibers was found. The lamina propria of the SLSE appeared thicker than that in other supraglottic regions. It was characterized by the presence of a well‐developed subepithelial nerve plexus. The immunocytochemical and ultrastructural data suggested that SLSE is a chemoreceptor located in an optimal position for detecting substances entering the larynx from the pharynx or the trachea. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:188–201, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional antennal lobe atlas of the male moth, Agrotis ipsilon: A tool to study structure–function correlation
Authors: Greiner Birgit , Gadenne Christophe , Anton Sylvia 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe glomerular structure of the primary olfactory neuropil has long been thought to play an important role in odour coding. In insects, the number of glomeruli in the antennal lobe is limited in most species to fewer than 100 compared with more than 1,000 in vertebrates, making it possible to identify individual glomeruli. A complete three‐dimensional atlas of the glomeruli within the antennal lobe of the male noctuid moth Agrotis ipsilon was constructed. All 66 glomeruli were singly identifiable in both antennal lobes of the three brains investigated. Further, six antennal lobes containing intracellularly stained projection neurones were reconstructed. By using the atlas, the respective target glomerulus of each projection neurone could be identified. The importance of the glomerular atlas as a tool to study central olfactory processing and its plasticity is discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:202–210, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatostatin in the brain of the cave salamander, Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): Immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization
Authors: Mathieu Maura , Bruzzone Federica , Chartrel Nicolas , Serra Giuliana P. , Spiga Saturnino , Vallarino Mauro , Vaudry Hubert 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe distribution of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cave salamander Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) was investigated by using two distinct antisera raised against somatostatin‐14. Most somatostatin‐positive cells were detected in the ependymal cell layer surrounding the ventricles. These cells possessed the typical morphological characteristics of tanycytes or radial glial cells. Double‐labeling with an antiserum against somatostatin and a monoclonal antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein showed that somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells lining the ventricles also exhibited GFAP‐like immunoreactivity. Injection of the neurotracer biocytin into the lateral ventricle revealed that neurons lining the ventricles did not contain somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity. In the telencephalon, somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity was confined to radial glial cells. In the diencephalon, in addition to somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells in the ependyma, positive cell bodies were also found in the periventricular preoptic nucleus, the infundibular nucleus, the epiphysis, and the subcommissural organ. In the metencephalon, positive cell bodies were found in the auricula cerebelli, whereas in the rhombencephalon numerous somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells were seen lining the ventricular cavity. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the hypothalamus‐median eminence complex. In the pituitary, a discrete group of somatostatin‐positive cells was found in the pars distalis. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of brain extracts revealed that the immunoreactive material coeluted with somatostatin‐14. The present results show that the somatostatin peptidergic system in the brain of the cave salamander has a more simple organization than those described in the brain of frog and other vertebrates. This feature is probably related to the expression of high pedomorphic characters in plethodontids. The distribution of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity suggests that, in the cave salamander, somatostatin may act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator, a central regulator of fluid homeostasis, and a hypophysiotropic neurohormone. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:163–176, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human neural stem cell transplants improve motor function in a rat model of Huntington's disease
Authors: McBride Jodi L. , Behrstock Soshana P. , Chen Er‐Yun , Jakel Rebekah J. , Siegel Irwin , Svendsen Clive N. , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe present study investigated the neuroanatomical and behavioral effects of human stem cell transplants into the striatum of quinolinic acid (QA)‐lesioned rats. Twenty‐four rats received unilateral QA (200 nM/μl) injections into the striatum. One week later, rats were transplanted with stem cells derived from human fetal cortex (12 weeks postconception) that were either 1) pretreated in culture media with the differentiating cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF; n = 9) or 2) allowed to grow in culture media alone (n = 7). Each rat was injected with a total of 200,000 cells. A third group of rats (n = 8) was given a sham injection of vehicle. Rats transplanted with human stem cells performed significantly better over the 8 weeks of testing on the cylinder test compared with those treated with vehicle (P ≤ 0.001). Stereological striatal volume analyses performed on Nissl‐stained sections revealed that rats transplanted with CNTF‐treated neurospheres had a 22% greater striatal volume on the lesioned side compared with those receiving transplants of untreated neurospheres (P = 0.0003) and a 26% greater striatal volume compared with rats injected with vehicle (P ≤ 0.0001). Numerous human nuclei‐positive cells were visualized in the striatum in both transplantation groups. Grafted cells were also observed in the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata, areas of the basal ganglia receiving striatal projections. Some of the human nuclei‐positive cells coexpressed glial fibrillary acidic protein and NeuN, suggesting that they had differentiated into neurons and astrocytes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that striatal transplants of human fetal stem cells elicit behavioral and anatomical recovery in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:211–219, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.