bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Ca, Al, and Mg on reaction kinetics, pore structure, and performance of Fe‐rich alkali‐activated slag
Authors: Wen Nana , Peys Arne , Hertel Tobias , Pontikes Yiannis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlkali‐activated materials can be formed by alkali‐activation of Fe‐rich non‐ferrous metallurgical slags (AA‐NFMS). To study NFMS in AA‐NFMS systematically, five NFMS were synthesized, with different CaO (6–16 wt%), Al2O3 (7–11 wt%), and MgO (0–4 wt%) contents, while keeping the same FeOx/SiO2 molar ratio. The effect of slag chemistry and the alkali ions (Na+/K+ = 0, 0.5, and 1) in alkali‐activating solution on the reaction kinetics, compressive strength (3, 7, and 28 days), and pore structure of AA‐NFMS was investigated. The reactivity up to 3 days was evaluated via isothermal calorimetry, and the pore structure was analyzed via mercury intrusion porosimetry. Higher Al/Si in the slag showed higher reactivity, higher compressive strength, and lower total porosity of the AA‐NFMS. Higher Ca/Si yielded lower cumulative heat after 3 days and decreased early compressive strength but higher strength after 28 days of curing. Ca replacement by Mg led to faster reaction kinetics but inferior mechanical properties and increased porosity. Increased K+ concentration in the activator resulted in higher reactivity and compressive strength despite the higher total porosity. Empirical model fitting using JMP software revealed that K+/(N++ K+) in the activator, Ca/Si, and (Ca+Mg)/Si in NFMS are significant factors that affect the strength of AA‐NFMS.
Using the life course health development model to address pediatric mental health disparities
Authors: Smith Laureen H. , Nist Marliese D. , Fortney Christine A. , Warren Barbara , Harrison Tondi , Gillespie Shannon , Herbell Kayla , Militello Lisa , Anderson Cindy M. , Tucker Sharon , Ford Jodi , Chang Mei‐Wei , Sayre Christine , Pickler Rita 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTopicEarly‐life experiences, the transmission of health and disease within families, and the influence of cumulative risks as well as protective factors throughout life shape the trajectory of health, including mental health. Long‐term health trajectories established early in life are influenced by biologic, social, and environmental factors. Negative trajectories may be more salient if exposures to adversity occur during critical developmental periods.PurposeThe purpose of this brief is to (a) review pediatric health disparities related to depression and the intergenerational transmission of pediatric depression using a Life Course Health Development (LCHD) model and (b) provide recommendations for pediatric mental health research.SourcesPeer‐reviewed papers available for PubMed, CINAL, and Medline. Other sources include published books, papers, and gray materials.ConclusionsThe LCHD model is a perspective to guide and foster new scientific inquiry about the development of mental health outcomes over the life course. The model enables synthesis of mental health, nursing, and public health, linking mental health prevention, risk reduction, and treatment in children.
Consequences of high school bullying on stress and health of Arab American college students
Authors: Albdour Maha M. , Jenuwine Elizabeth S. , Hong Jun Sung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProblemExisting bullying research among Arab Americans is limited, focusing mainly on school‐age adolescents and victimization. There is a lack of studies that examine retrospective bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and physical fights during high school and their effect on current Arab American college students' stress and health outcomes. This study examines if bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and physical fights during high school predict current stress and the physical and mental health of Arab American college students. In addition, we examined if perceived psychological stress mediates the relationships between bullying and fighting involvement and health.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐two undergraduate Arab American college students were recruited from a Midwestern university and completed self‐report measures of bullying, stress, and health (both physical and mental).FindingsControlling for demographic variables, only high school victimization was significantly associated with current stress and physical and mental health. Stress fully mediated the relationship between victimization and health (both physical and mental).ConclusionsVictimization during high school years may result in serious physical and mental health consequences during college years. However, perpetration and fighting may not have similar effects. Addressing stress among bullying victims may reduce the negative impact of this experience on immigrant Arab American college students. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Comparison of six hepatocellular carcinoma prediction models in Japanese patients after sustained virologic response undergoing rigorous surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Tada Toshifumi , Uojima Haruki , Nozaki Akito , Chuma Makoto , Takaguchi Koichi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Abe Hiroshi , Itobayashi Ei , Matsuura Kentaro , Atsukawa Masanori , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Shimada Noritomo , Nakamuta Makoto , Kojima Motoyuki , Tsuji Kunihiko , Mikami Shigeru , Ishikawa Toru , Yasuda Satoshi , Tsutsui Akemi , Arai Taeang , Kumada Takashi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Tanaka Junko , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimWhile several predictive models for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proposed, including those for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who have achieved sustained virologic response (SVR), the best model may differ between regions. We compared the ability of six reported models to stratify the risk of post‐SVR HCC in Japan, where rigorous surveillance and early detection of HCC is common.MethodsA total of 6048 patients with no history of HCC who achieved SVR by oral direct‐acting antiviral drugs were enrolled in this nationwide study. Patients continued HCC surveillance every 6 months after SVR. The incidence of post‐SVR HCC was compared between risk groups using the aMAP score, FIB‐4 index, Tahata model, GAF4 criteria, GES score, and ADRES score.ResultsDuring the observation period with a median duration of 4.0 years after SVR, post‐SVR HCC developed in 332 patients (5.5%). All six models performed significantly at stratifying the incidence of HCC. However, Harrell's C‐index was below 0.8 for all models (range, 0.660–0.748), indicating insufficient stratification ability.ConclusionAlthough all six proposed models demonstrated a good ability to predict the development of post‐SVR HCC, their ability to stratify the risk of post‐SVRHCC was unsatisfactory. Further studies are necessary to identify the best model for assessing the risk of post‐SVR HCC in regions where early detection of HCC is common.
An automated slide scanning system for membrane filter imaging in diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis
Authors: Oyibo Prosper , Agbana Tope , van Lieshout Lisette , Oyibo Wellington , Diehl Jan‐Carel , Vdovine Gleb 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditionally, automated slide scanning involves capturing a rectangular grid of field‐of‐view (FoV) images which can be stitched together to create whole slide images, while the autofocusing algorithm captures a focal stack of images to determine the best in‐focus image. However, these methods can be time‐consuming due to the need for X‐, Y‐ and Z‐axis movements of the digital microscope while capturing multiple FoV images. In this paper, we propose a solution to minimise these redundancies by presenting an optimal procedure for automated slide scanning of circular membrane filters on a glass slide. We achieve this by following an optimal path in the sample plane, ensuring that only FoVs overlapping the filter membrane are captured. To capture the best in‐focus FoV image, we utilise a hill‐climbing approach that tracks the peak of the mean of Gaussian gradient of the captured FoVs images along the Z‐axis. We implemented this procedure to optimise the efficiency of the Schistoscope, an automated digital microscope developed to diagnose urogenital schistosomiasis by imaging Schistosoma haematobium eggs on 13 or 25 mm membrane filters. Our improved method reduces the automated slide scanning time by 63.18% and 72.52% for the respective filter sizes. This advancement greatly supports the practicality of the Schistoscope in large‐scale schistosomiasis monitoring and evaluation programs in endemic regions. This will save time, resources and also accelerate generation of data that is critical in achieving the targets for schistosomiasis elimination.
Maxillary morphology of chimpanzees: Captive versus wild environments
Authors: Hanegraef Hester , Spoor Fred 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMorphological studies typically avoid using osteological samples that derive from captive animals because it is assumed that their morphology is not representative of wild populations. Rearing environments indeed differ between wild and captive individuals. For example, mechanical properties of the diets provided to captive animals can be drastically different from the food present in their natural habitats, which could impact cranial morphology and dental health. Here, we examine morphological differences in the maxillae of wild versus captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) given the prominence of this species in comparative samples used in human evolution research and the key role of the maxilla in such studies. Size and shape were analysed using three‐dimensional geometric morphometric methods based on computed tomography scans of 94 wild and 30 captive specimens. Captive individuals have on average larger and more asymmetrical maxillae than wild chimpanzees, and significant differences are present in their maxillary shapes. A large proportion of these shape differences are attributable to static allometry, but wild and captive specimens still differ significantly from each other after allometric size adjustment of the shape data. Levels of shape variation are higher in the captive group, while the degree of size variation is likely similar in our two samples. Results are discussed in the context of ontogenetic growth trajectories, changes in dietary texture, an altered social environment, and generational differences. Additionally, sample simulations show that size and shape differences between chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan paniscus) are exaggerated when part of the wild sample is replaced with captive chimpanzees. Overall, this study confirms that maxillae of captive chimpanzees should not be included in morphological or taxonomic analyses when the objective is to characterise the species.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of obeticholic acid in subjects with fibrosis or cirrhosis from NASH
Authors: Alkhouri Naim , LaCerte Carl , Edwards Jeffrey , Poordad Fred , Lawitz Eric , Lee Lois , Karan Sharon , Sawhney Sangeeta , Erickson Mary , MacConell Leigh , Zaru Luna , Chen Jianfen , Campagna Jason 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsFibrosis stage is a strong predictor of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) outcomes. Two blinded studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of obeticholic acid (OCA) in subjects with staged NASH fibrosis or cirrhosis.MethodsStudy 747‐117 randomized 51 subjects with NASH (fibrosis stages F1–F4) to daily placebo, OCA 10 or OCA 25 mg (1:2:2) for 85 days. Study 747‐118 randomized 24 subjects with NASH cirrhosis (F4; Child‐Pugh [CP]‐A) and normal liver control subjects matched for similar body weight to daily OCA 10 or OCA 25 mg (1:1) for 28 days. Individual and combined study data were analysed.ResultsNo severe or serious adverse events (AEs) or AEs leading to discontinuation or death occurred. Pruritus was the most frequent AE. Plasma OCA exposure (dose‐normalized area under the curve) increased with fibrosis stage but was a relatively poor predictor of hepatic OCA exposure (primary site of action), which remained constant across fibrosis stages F1–F3 and increased 1.8‐fold compared with F1 in subjects with cirrhosis due to NASH. Both cohorts showed robust changes in farnesoid X receptor activation markers with OCA treatment and marked decreases in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and gamma‐glutamyltransferase.ConclusionsDespite higher drug exposures in subjects with NASH cirrhosis, short‐term daily treatment with OCA 10 or 25 mg was generally safe and well tolerated in subjects with NASH fibrosis or NASH CP‐A cirrhosis. Both cohorts experienced improvements in nonhistologic pharmacodynamic markers consistent with previously conducted OCA phase 2 and phase 3 studies in NASH fibrosis.
No correlation between MASLD and poor outcome of Atezolizumab‐Bevacizumab therapy in patients with advanced HCC
Authors: Copil Francisca‐Dora , Campani Claudia , Lequoy Marie , Sultanik Philippe , Blaise Lorraine , Wagner Mathilde , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Ozenne Violaine , Thabut Dominique , Nault Jean‐Charles , Ratziu Vlad , Allaire Manon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionIt has been suggested that in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of metabolic aetiology, the efficacy of immunotherapy may be reduced. The aim was to investigate the impact of metabolic‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic risk factors (MRF) on the outcomes of Atezolizumab‐Bevacizumab (AtezoBev).MethodsWe collected data from 295 AtezoBev‐treated patients, starting in 2020. MASLD was defined by the current/past presence of MRF, namely BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension or dyslipidaemia and no other cause of liver disease (daily alcohol ≤30 g in males and ≤20 g in females). The influence of baseline characteristics on progression (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed by uni/multivariate analysis using the Cox model.ResultsRisk factors for cirrhosis were viral infection in 47%, excessive alcohol consumption in 45% and MASLD in 13%. In the whole cohort, 27% had 1 MRF, 23% had 2 MRF, 15% had 3 MRF and 6% had 4 MRF. Median PFS and OS were 6.5 and 15.6 months, respectively, and similar in patients with or without MASLD in Log rank analysis. The number of MRF or MALSD was not associated with PFS or OS in the univariate analysis. Factors associated with PFS in multivariate analysis included ALBI grade 3 (HR = 1.60, p = .03), AFP (HR = 1.01, p = .01) and metastasis (HR = 1.77, p < .001). During follow‐up, 10% of patients experienced immune‐related adverse events, with age and female gender, but not MRF or MASLD, as independent predictors.ConclusionOur study suggests that the presence of MASLD or the number of MRF did not lead to worse outcomes in advanced HCC patients treated with AtezoBev.
The Martian crustal field recorded in Antarctic meteorite Grove Mountains 020090
Authors: Cao Ting , Wang Huapei , Hu Shaochen , Qi Kaixian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present the first rock magnetic and paleomagnetic analyses of the Martian meteorite Grove Mountains (GRV) 020090, a suitable candidate for paleomagnetic study due to its low degree of weathering and shock metamorphism. Petrological and rock magnetic investigation indicates that pyrrhotite is the dominant magnetic mineral in GRV 020090, where it occurs as a primary phase without significant shock metamorphism or alteration. The magnetic grains in GRV 020090 exhibit single‐domain behavior that facilitates high‐fidelity magnetic recording. We obtained a positive fusion‐crust baked contact test, which supports an extraterrestrial origin of the primary remanence in GRV 020090. The nature of the primary remanence was identified as thermoremanence acquired during crystallization of the rock on Mars. Anhysteretic remanent magnetization and isothermal remanent magnetization paleointensity methods indicated paleofield strengths of 1.6 and 2.6 μT, respectively, for the primary remanence. However, the shock pressure that GRV 020090 experienced may have partially demagnetized the primary remanence, leading to underestimated paleointensity values. Therefore, 1.6 μT is regarded as the lower limit on the paleointensity of GRV 020090. This lower limit is higher than the model‐predicted surface magnetic field strength in the source region for GRV 020090, suggesting that it may have recorded a small‐scale crustal magnetic field previously undetected by orbital magnetic data. This small‐scale crustal field is likely generated by the underlying ancient, magnetized layers, as the crustal magnetization of the surficial terrane with lithology similar to GRV 020090 is too weak to produce such a crustal field.
A latent profile analysis of resilience and the associations with flourishing in emergency nurses exposed to workplace violence in China
Authors: Chen Zhiling , Guo Ningyuan , Chen Tangyu , Liao Liwen , Hu Sanlian , Wang Lin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWorkplace violence (WPV) exposure has been particularly prevalent in emergency nurses, coupled with negative mental health outcomes. Few explored resilience after WPV exposure using the perspective of positive mental health. We aimed to identify latent profiles of resilience and examine associations with flourishing in emergency nurses with WPV exposure. A total of 1241 Chinese emergency nurses were surveyed on the frequency of WPV exposure, resilience, and flourishing. Eight hundred and twenty five participants (90.1% female, 86.6% aged 20–39) reported WPV exposure at least once in the past 3 months. Latent profile analysis identified profiles of resilience as low resilience (15.0%), moderate decision respond and interpersonal link with low rational thought and flexible adaption (18.0%), moderate resilience (31.0%), high decision respond, interpersonal link, and rational thought with moderate flexible adaption (16.0%), and high resilience (20.0%). Higher flourishing was observed in profiles of moderate resilience, high decision respond, interpersonal link, and rational thought with moderate flexible adaption, and high resilience. We differentiated profiles of resilience and the associations with flourishing in emergency nurses with WPV exposure, which informed targeted interventions for promoting positive mental health.
Relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of 102,072 adolescents: A representative sample of Brazil (PeNSE Study)
Authors: Tebar William R. , Rosa Camila C. , Exupério Isabella N. , Pinheiro Julia L. , Beretta Victor S. , Akimoto Amanda N. , da Silva Claudiele C. M. , Ferrari Gerson , Christofaro Diego G. D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe household composition is important for adolescents and understanding its relationship with their lifestyle habits is essential. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of adolescents.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Brazilian National Scholar Health Survey—PeNSE 2015. The sample was composed by 102,072 adolescents (11–17 years). The independent variable of the study was the household composition (living with both parents versus living with only one parent or none of them), whereas outcome variables were eating habits and sedentary behavior patterns. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between variables.ResultsAdolescents living with both parents were less likely to have high sedentary behavior (≥2 h OR = 0.89; ≥4 h OR = 0.86), eat while watching TV for ≥5 days/week (OR = 0.88), frequent fried foods (OR = 0.89), sweets (OR = 0.92), soft drinks (OR = 0.86) and ultra processed foods (OR = 0.97) consumption, as were more likely to have lunch with parents (OR = 1.87), frequent vegetables (OR = 1.12), beans (OR = 1.14) and fruits (OR = 1.11) consumption than those who live with one parent or none of them.ConclusionHouseholds composed by both father and mother was associated with lower sedentary behavior and healthy eating habits in Brazilian adolescents.
Increased exacerbations of bronchiectasis following recovery from mild COVID‐19 in patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Ho James Chung Man , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Ip Mary Sau Man , Lam David Chi Leung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRespiratory viral infection is a common trigger of bronchiectasis exacerbation. Knowledge of the intermediate to long‐term effect of COVID‐19 on bronchiectasis is poor.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patient records was conducted to assess the frequency of bronchiectasis exacerbation following recovery from mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19. The exacerbation frequency at baseline, using 2019 and 2019–2021 data, was compared with that during the 1 year following recovery.ResultsA total of 234 adult patient records who had a confirmed diagnosis of bronchiectasis were identified, of whom 52 (22.2%) were classified as the COVID‐19 group. Patients with COVID‐19 had significantly more frequent annual exacerbations of bronchiectasis (total exacerbations and hospitalizations). Compared with 2019–2021 data, the total exacerbation frequency decreased by 0.1 ± 0.51 per year among non‐COVID‐19 patients but increased by 0.68 ± 1.09 per year among the COVID‐19 group (p < 0.001). Compared with 2019 only data, exacerbation frequency decreased by 0.14 ± 0.79 per year among non‐COVID‐19 patients but increased by 0.76 ± 1.17 per year in the COVID‐19 group, p < 0.001. The annual frequency of hospitalization for bronchiectasis increased by 0.01 ± 0.32 per year among non‐COVID‐19 patients and increased by 0.39 ± 1.06 per year in the COVID‐19 group (p < 0.001) compared with 2019 to 2021 data. When compared with only 2019 data, it remained unchanged at 0 ± 0.43 per year among non‐COVID‐19 patients but increased to 0.38 ± 1.12 per year among COVID‐19 patients (p < 0.001).ConclusionMild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 was associated with an increase in frequency of bronchiectasis exacerbation and frequency of hospitalizations following recovery.
Flipping the Colonialist Paradigm: Grigorii Chkhartishvili’s Akunin
Authors: Yoon Saera 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis essay examines how the Erast Fandorin series by Boris Akunin (Grigorii Chkhartishvili) employs, revises, and deconstructs the Orientalist paradigm through the portrayal of Masa, the detective’s Japanese sidekick. At first glance, Masa appears to embody Orientalist clichés through allusions to a familiar ethnic stereotype. But the Fandorin series does more than activate the preconceived role of a Russian hero’s Asian valet: in reformulating the detective story narrative, Akunin introduces both Orientalist and Occidentalist perspectives and ultimately reconfigures the master‐servant structure as something similar to a Confucian, father‐son relationship. Despite the stereotypical ethnic image reproduced in the series, Masa’s representation is divorced from the colonizing agenda that is fundamental to Orientalist discourse. After appearing at first as a Colonialist sign, Masa’s depiction turns out to be a pastiche without the implied referent whose trajectory in the cycle traces choices made by Akunin (and ultimately Chkhartishvili). While the author first and foremost pursues entertainment, as the series progresses, he exhibits signs of postcolonial political awareness by flipping and deconstructing the quasi‐Orientalist mode. As a result, the initial division between the implicit perspectives of the fictional and nonfictional authors turns into an alignment of the two.