bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Health in Patients Undergoing Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Elali Faisal R. , Choueka Jack 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Social determinants of health (SDOH) may influence hand surgery outcomes. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a validated and weighted index comprised of 17 census-based markers of material deprivation and poverty.
Questions/Purpose The purpose was to determine whether patients with high ADI (greater disadvantage) undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal radius fractures (DRF) were associated with differences in: (1) medical complications, (2) emergency department (ED) utilizations, (3) readmissions, and (4) costs.
Materials and Methods Patients who underwent ORIF for DRFs were isolated from an insurance database from 2010 to 2020. ADI is reported on a scale of 0 to 100. Higher numbers indicate greater disadvantage. Patients associated with high ADI (95% + ) were compared with controls defined as lower ADI (0–94%). Patients with high ADI were 1:1 propensity-score matched to controls by age, gender, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Multivariable logistic regression models computed odds ratios (OR) of ADI on medical complications, ED utilizations, and readmissions. t-tests were used to compare costs. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results Patients undergoing ORIF for DRF from high ADI incurred higher rates and odds of developing all medical complications (5.58 vs. 4.63%; OR: 1.23, p < 0.0001). It was found that 90 ED utilizations (0.80% vs. 0.97%; OR: 0.83, p = 0.087) and readmissions (2.71% vs. 2.52%; OR: 1.08, p = 0.243) were similar to controls. Day of surgery ($2,626 vs. $2,571) and 90-day expenditures ($5,019 vs. $4,783) were similar between groups (all p > 0.185).
Conclusions Socioeconomically disadvantaged patients have increased rates and odds of 90-day medical complications following ORIF for DRFs.
Level of Evidence III.
Psychometric Validation of the Hemophilia Functional Ability Scoring Tool (Hemo-FAST)
Authors: Barbay Virginie , Repessé Yohann , Desprez Dominique , Drillaud Nicolas , Frotscher Birgit , Piel-Julian Marie-Léa , Castet Sabine , Genre-Volot Fabienne , Tardy Brigitte , Harroche Annie , Gandossi Corinne , Zidi Meriem , Carlsson Sara , Kragh Nana , Bednar Eva , Négrier Claude , Lebreton Aurélien 
Published: January 2025

Background The Hemophilia Functional Ability Scoring Tool (Hemo-FAST), consisting of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) part and a clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO) part, was developed as a rapid and effective tool to assess functional mobility in clinical practice. This study (NCT04731701) aimed to validate the psychometric properties of Hemo-FAST for assessment of joint health in people with haemophilia (PwH).
Methods PwH A or B aged ≥18 years completed questionnaires including the PRO part of Hemo-FAST and the short-form 36 health survey (SF-36) during one study visit. Clinicians completed the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and the ClinRO part of Hemo-FAST at the same visit. Validation was performed using reliability, construct validity, and structure validity assessments.
Results The study enrolled 180 PwH A or B from 14 centres across France. Estimated time to complete the PRO part was mean (standard deviation) 4.6 (5.4) minutes. PRO items showed good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient value ≥0.70). Inter-rater values were >0.70 for 7/9 ClinRO items, indicating good reliability. All items (15 PRO; 9 ClinRO) had high internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha: 0.97). Hemo-FAST demonstrated convergent construct validity with HJHS and the SF-36 physical component and discriminant construct validity with the SF-36 mental health component. Hemo-FAST scores distinguished between subgroups of people with expected differences in joint health status, including by haemophilia severity (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion This study successfully validated Hemo-FAST as a rapid and reliable tool for the functional assessment of joint health in adults with haemophilia, both in clinical practice and clinical research settings.
A Review of Potentials of Carica Papaya Leaves in Dengue Viral
Infection – Insights of Clinical and Preclinical Studies
Authors: Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir , Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Shanmugam Arun , Gobinath Mirunalini , Hussain Mohamed Harshath Jahir 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOne of the most widespread arboviral diseases in the world, dengue virus
disease (DVD) is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions,
affecting 129 countries. The main way that the dengue virus (DENV) spreads
is through the bite of a female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Symptomatic
therapy and supportive care are the primary methods of managing patients
with DENV infection as there is currently no approved antiviral medication
for this condition. Since the guidelines from the AYUSH Ministry, Government
of India, recommend 10 ml of carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) twice
daily for seven days, to treat dengue fever clinically, we plan to review
the potential of carica papaya in managing DENV infection.Using terms like dengue, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock
syndrome, and carica papaya, the literature was searched in databases
like Medline/PubMed Central/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EBSCO,
Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ),
and reference lists to find articles relevant to the clinical, in-vivo,
in-vitro, and in-silico studies evaluating the efficacy of
carica papaya in the management of dengue viral infection. This
review included English-language publications that supported the use of
carica papaya in the treatment of dengue fever, but it excluded
publications that were duplicates.Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations, such as in-vitro,
in-vivo, and in-silico studies, have identified carica
papaya's anti-dengue potential. The pleiotropic effects of
carica papaya, including its anti-thrombocytopenic activity,
immunomodulatory effects, and larvicidal property against the Aedes
aegypti mosquito species, have also been confirmed by numerous
in-vitro and in-vivo studies. These effects can help
patients with dengue fever by elevating their platelet count and alleviating
other symptoms.To hasten recovery and reduce hospital stays, patients with DENV infection
may take carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) in addition to supportive
care and symptomatic treatment. Additional randomized controlled clinical
trials would be necessary to confirm the safety and effectiveness of CPLE in
patients with DENV infection.
3-Amino-1-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one as Inbuilt Directing Group for Additive-Free Late-Stage ortho-Amination under Copper Catalysis towards Biologically Relevant Molecules
Authors: Kundu Mrinalkanti , Adhikari Susanta , Manna Priyadarshi , Chatterjee Arunima , Rao G. Prabhakar , Mukherjee Rusmita , Podder Swarnali , Datta Bandita 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArylamines are essential building blocks that are found in biologically important substances, agrochemicals, and natural products. One of the C–N bond formation methods that is conveniently step- and atom-economical is the C–H bond activated amination process. We divulge an operationally simple and general method using 3-amino-1-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one (AMP) as inbuilt directing group (DG) for additive-free, copper(II)-catalyzed ortho amination of β-C(sp2)–H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes. Notably, this cross dehydrogenative amination reaction exhibits a broad scope regarding amine coupling partners, including heterocyclic amines, secondary aliphatic amines, and cyclic amides, with exclusive site selectivity and excellent functional group tolerance. Moreover, implementing this methodology, we could also synthesize medicinally important compounds to showcase the suitability of this inbuilt DG for late-stage functionalization.
Ultrafast laser frequency tuning based on equivalent optical phase sampling and accumulation
Authors: Lyu Weiqiang , Tian Huan , Fu Zhenwei , Zhang Lingjie , Zeng Zhen , Zhang Yaowen , Li Heping , Zhang Zhiyao , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2025

Ultrafast laser frequency tuning is a crucial function in numerous applications, including light detection and ranging (LiDAR), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and spectroscopy. In general, laser frequency tuning is realized via the motion of mechanical structures, frequency-swept optical filters, or the Pockels effect in the laser cavity. Nevertheless, the maximum frequency tuning rate and sweep rate are smaller than 107 THz/s and 1 GHz, respectively, due to the inherent speed limitation of the existing tuning mechanisms. Here, we propose and demonstrate a brand-new concept for ultrafast laser frequency tuning, which is realized based on equivalent optical phase sampling and accumulation in the laser cavity. By inserting an electro-optic phase modulator (PM) into the laser cavity and properly setting the period of the driving signal applied to the PM to make its integer multiple slightly deviate from the round trip time of the laser cavity, a linear mapping from the voltage of the driving signal to the output laser frequency is realized via equivalent optical phase sampling and accumulation. This remarkable feature provides a rapid way to manipulate the laser frequency, breaking the frequency tuning speed limitation of the existing approaches. In the experiment, a record-breaking frequency tuning rate of 1.522 × 109 THz/s and a sweep rate of 2223.97 MHz are simultaneously realized. Moreover, the center wavelength and the frequency tuning range can be easily reconfigured. This work paves the way for ultrafast laser frequency tuning in a customized wavelength range.
Modelling bagpipes: numerical simulation exercise for distributed parameter system
Authors: Tužil Josef , Šlégr Jan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bagpipes are an ancient folk musical instrument, used as far back as ancient Greece. To this day, they are part of folk music in many countries and cultures. This paper deals with the modelling of the reed and melodic pipe (chanter) for bagpipes, focusing on tuning of the instrument. We present a theoretical model in the Geogebra software, which allows for qualitative simulating and visualizing the interaction between the reed blade and the air column of the pipe.
High-speed pulsing circuit for continuous wave laser beams
Authors: Murray Andrew James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tunable continuous wave (CW) lasers produce the highest optical resolution for pumping and probing atomic and molecular transitions. These lasers adopt sophisticated electronic control of optical components within the cavity to set the wavelength and ensure a narrow bandwidth. The low-cost circuit described here gates a CW laser beam on and off for high resolution timing experiments, using an electro-optic modulator that acts as a switchable waveplate between linear polarizers. The switch can operate at rates of up to 100 kHz with a minimum pulse width of 650 ns, or it can be configured to deliver laser pulses with widths

⩾

35 ns at lower rates. Multiple laser pulses of equal or non-equal widths can also be delivered within each repetition cycle.
Targeted therapy for glioblastoma utilizing hyaluronic acid-engineered liposomes for adriamycin delivery
Authors: Wang Yanping , Qi Peiyan , Shi Shenbao , Pang Cong , Wang Weijie , Fang Dazhao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor with highly heterogeneous and invasive characteristics leading to a poor prognosis. The CD44 molecule, which is highly expressed in GBM, has emerged as a highly sought-after biological marker. Therapeutic strategies targeting the cell membrane protein CD44 have emerged, demonstrating novel therapeutic potential. In this study, we constructed a nanodrug system (HA-Liposome@Dox) based on hyaluronic acid-engineered liposomes delivering adriamycin to target GBM. The system efficiently encapsulated Dox inside the liposomes through a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction mechanism, and the resulting HA-Liposome@Dox exhibited excellent loading efficacy, attributed to its uniform particle size distribution and negatively charged surface. Further evaluation revealed that HA-Liposome@Dox possessed excellent stability and safety and could promote the effective uptake of drug particles by CD44-overexpressing tumor cells, thus exerting a more potent cell-killing effect. Notably, in the treatment of GBM, HA-Liposome@Dox demonstrated significantly greater tumor growth inhibition compared to free Dox and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, the present study not only verified the feasibility of HA-Liposome@Dox as an effective therapeutic tool against GBM and other CD44-positively expressing tumors, but also opened a promising new avenue for the clinical treatment of this type of refractory malignancies.
Characterization of uncertainties in electron-argon collision cross sections
Authors: Chung Seung Whan , Oliver Todd A , Raja Laxminarayan L , Moser Robert D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The predictive capability of a plasma discharge model depends on accurate representations of electron-impact collision cross sections, which determine the corresponding reaction rates and electron transport properties. The values of cross sections can be known only approximately either through experiments or simulations and are thus subject to uncertainties. Quantifying the uncertainties in plasma simulations allows us to assess the reliability of simulations and to provide a basis for interpreting discrepancies between simulations and experiments. For such uncertainty quantification of plasma simulations, it is essential to quantify the uncertainties of the underlying cross sections. Although much effort has been committed to calibrate the cross section values, their uncertainties are not well investigated. We characterize uncertainties in electron-argon atom collision cross sections using a Bayesian framework. Six collision processes—elastic momentum transfer, ionization, and four excitations—are characterized with semi-empirical models, which effectively capture the features important to the macroscopic properties of the plasma. A probability model for the uncertain parameters of these semi-empirical models is developed. Specifically, a Gaussian-process likelihood model is proposed to capture discrepancies among data sets, as well as the model-form inadequacies of the semi-empirical models. Two other likelihood models are compared with the proposed Gaussian-process model, to illustrate the importance of the choice of the likelihood model. The cross section models are calibrated using the electron-beam experiments and ab-inito quantum simulations. The resulting calibrated uncertainties capture well the scattering among the data sets. The calibrated cross section models are further validated against swarm-parameter experiments and zero-dimensional Boltzmann equation simulations of widely used cross section datasets.
Optical inline interferometer for enhanced low-field detection via electric-field induced second harmonic generation
Authors: Billeau Jean-Baptiste , Cusson Patrick , Seletskiy Denis V. , Reuter Stephan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nonlinear optical methods, such as Electric-Field Induced Second Harmonic (E-FISH) generation, have emerged as powerful tools for diagnosing electric fields in plasma environments. The E-FISH technique depends quadratically on the electric field under study, which results in complete insensitivity to its polarity and diminished sensitivity to its low amplitudes. Both of these challenges have been recently resolved in a Local Oscillator Electric-Field Induced Second Harmonic (LOE-FISH) technique, introducing coherent homodyne amplification of a weak E-FISH signal using of an optical local oscillator field. Early LOE-FISH demonstrations relied on a delay line, resulting in decreased accuracy due to the higher sensitivity of the interferometer to environmental noise. In this work, we introduce an "inline" design of the interferometer with maximally shared common paths and a balanced photodetection system, thus greatly reducing sensitivity to environmental noise and laser technical noise and hence improving the robustness of the technique. To this end, we achieve a factor of 143 increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when LOE-FISH is compared to E-FISH. Furthermore, we successfully measured an electric field as low as 32 V/cm with an SNR of 7.4 during 0.15 s measurement time, estimating an unprecedented detection limit of 12.1 V/(cm √Hz). Our work represents a significant step toward real-time, high-precision diagnostics of electric fields in complex plasma environments, electric field amplitude fluctuations can influence reactive species' generation and overall process efficiency.
Simulation of a pulsed CO2 plasma based on a six-temperature energy approach
Authors: Tsonev I , Biondo O , Bogaerts A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent time-resolved measurements of gas and vibrational temperatures in pulsed glow discharges have fostered the development and validation of detailed kinetic models to understand the underlying heating dynamics. The models published so far have been successful in identifying the fundamental processes underlying vibrational and gas heating in pure CO2 discharges; however, this has come at the cost of including vibrational kinetics with thousands of reactions. This makes these models not compatible with self-consistent computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) codes, which are needed to develop new plasma reactors operating at high pressures or with complex flow patterns and capture the relevant dynamics in multi-dimension. In this work, we solve separate energy balance equations for the asymmetric and symmetric vibrational modes of CO2, as well as for the vibrational modes of CO and O2, the gas temperature, and the electron temperature, making it a six-temperature (6 T) plasma model. This eliminates the need to include a vast array of vibrational levels as separate species, drastically reducing the number of reactions in the model. The model is compared with experimental measurements conducted in a pulsed CO2 glow discharge at 6.7 mbar. Excellent agreement is observed for the temporal evolution of the vibrational and gas temperatures, confirming that our approach is suitable for modeling systems under significant non-equilibrium conditions, paving the way for coupling detailed CO2/CO/O2/O kinetics with CFD codes.
Distribution of flux states in a hysteretic dc SQUID
Authors: He Kaiyong , Yang Liangliang , Dai Genting , Liu Jianshe , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work investigates the distribution of flux states of hysteretic dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) obtained from standard current ramp measurement at 2.50 and 0.35 K. Each flux state corresponds to a specific number of flux quanta trapped in the superconducting loop, associated with a metastable state in the two-dimensional potential energy of the hysteretic SQUID. The flux states can be distinguished by the multiple switching currents. The observed distribution is different from the distribution caused only by thermal excitation at a specific temperature. There are notable systematic deviations between the measurement results of three samples and the standard Boltzmann distribution, which can be clearly identified from the ratios between the proportions of different flux states. A formula resembling the Boltzmann distribution, involving multiple effective temperatures, is proposed to provide a better fit to the measured results. The finding suggests that the observed distribution of flux states is established during the SQUID’s transition from the dissipative state to the zero-voltage state, and multiple equivalent temperatures may be involved in the process.
Experimental and numerical analysis of Carbon/Glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic wind turbine blade prepared by VARIM
Authors: Abhilash H N , Raghunandana K , Bhat Subraya Krishna , Prabhu Aruna , Amar Murthy A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The output of wind energy, a vital renewable resource, has increased from 94 GW to 591 GW globally in the last ten years. Weight and cost are important considerations in wind turbine blade (WTB) design, as rotor blades make up 40%–80% of the overall weight, to fulfill the growing need for energy. Even though thermosetting composites are frequently used to make blades, they have several drawbacks, most notably that they cannot be recycled. As more blades approach the end of their lives and become unreformable once cured, recycling and disposal become more difficult, and environmental concerns increase. The main objective of the present work is to manufacture thermoplastic composites reinforced with fibers using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Moulding (VARIM) technique and assess their mechanical characteristics. The finite element analysis of the WTB incorporates the material parameters calculated for the thermoplastic resin. Test coupons are produced by shaping thermoplastic resin and fiber reinforcement using VARIM. The mechanical characteristics, including flexural and impact strength, are then assessed utilizing destructive testing techniques. Thermoset resins have good flexural properties while thermoplastic resins have better impact properties. The wind turbine blade (WTB) is simulated in ANSYS ACP based on the designated stacking sequence and fiber orientation. Static structure analysis is performed for the thermoplastic and thermosetting composites under various operating circumstances. Identification and analysis of the critical section susceptible to mechanical failure are conducted under different loading conditions, and the obtained outcome is verified. Based on the results, it is concluded that thermoplastic composites are viable materials for manufacturing wind turbine blades.
Onshore and offshore seawater exchange off northeast Taiwan driven by the combined effects of Kuroshio intrusion and tidal currents
Authors: Lin Jia-Yi , Zheng Zhe-Wen , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Chen Yi-Rui , Ho Chung-Ru , Zheng Quanan , Huang Chen-Fen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The exchange of materials and energy between boundary currents and the surrounding marginal seas largely influences the environment of those seas. In addition to the reported currents over the continental shelf northeast of Taiwan, a process of onshore and offshore water exchange (OOWE) across the northeast-southwest-oriented shelf break is newly introduced in this study. This exchange is constituted by the synergy of Kuroshio intrusion (northwestward) and ebb tide (southeastward). The total velocity obtained by combining Copernicus Marine Service (CMS) satellite geostrophic currents and modeled Ekman currents through the GLOBCURRENT project, along with numerical modeling based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), are used to describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of OOWE and explain its generation dynamics. OOWE occurs in a highly dynamic active area, sandwiched between two current jets: the Kuroshio Current (KC) and the Taiwan Strait Current (TSC). The seaward increase of northward currents off northeast Taiwan (due to a stronger KC and a weaker TSC) provides a favorable environment of positive vorticity that steers the Kuroshio onto the shelf, constituting the north branch of OOWE. Additionally, the ebb tide drives water away from the shore, producing a southeastward current along the north coast of Taiwan, forming the southern branch of OOWE. Uneven wind forcing in the spatial domain slightly modulates the OOWE pattern, though it plays only a secondary role in its generation. Given the potential to induce vigorous exchange and mixing between continental shelf waters and the Kuroshio, the OOWE identified in this study warrants further attention.