bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preußen im 175. Jubiläumsjahr der Revolution von 1848/49
Authors: Ries Klaus 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag ordnet das umfangreiche Werk von Konrad Canis über die Politik der preußischen Regierung in den Revolutionsjahren 1848 bis 1850/51 in den Kontext des 175-jährigen Jubiläums der 48er-Revolution ein. Trotz mancher Einseitigkeiten und ideologischen Verzerrungen, die klar benannt werden, gelingt es Canis, einen neuen Blick auf das Gesamtgeschehen der deutschen Revolution zu werfen, mit welchem die künftige Forschung sich auseinanderzusetzen haben wird. Zum ersten Mal wird die preußische Unionspolitik als integraler Bestandteil des Revolutionskomplexes dargestellt und als staatliche Handlungsalternative zum revolutionären Weg ‚von unten‘ gedeutet. Damit öffnet und erweitert Canis die Perspektive auf das revolutionäre Geschehen, das nicht mehr im Spätsommer 1849 endet, sondern bis 1850/51 reicht und zugleich eine der Vorbedingungen der Bismarck’schen Reichsgründung darstellt.
A multi-step linguistic validation for cultural adaptation of the German-language Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire
Authors: Steinbrueck Pia-Cecilia , Meyer Gabriele , Ayerle Gertrud 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe four-dimensional Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) is an original English self-report questionnaire aimed for detection of postpartum mother–infant bonding disorders. The aim of this study was to create a German version of the PBQ that corresponds conceptually and linguistically to the original questionnaire. The systematic multistep translation process followed the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, consisting of forward and backward translations, pilot testing, and cognitive interviews of mothers and a panel of experts. Cognitive interviews with users (n = 10) resulted in 15 changes that improved the completeness and accuracy of the translation. The translation was reviewed by a panel of four experts for practicality, resulting in two changes. As a result of the translation process and cognitive interviews, the German PBQ is linguistically equivalent to the original English version and can be evaluated in psychometric validation for further use in primary care.
Public health quality frameworks: a scoping review
Authors: Ramlackhan Kalisha , Aloosh Mehdi , Hopkins Jessica P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Reliable performance frameworks and indicators are essential for understanding the ability of public health systems to meet their mandates and to encourage ongoing learning and quality improvement. While such frameworks exist in health care, they are not well established in public health.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of indexed and grey literature to identify quality frameworks for public health systems in Canada and comparable countries. The search included documents published in English from 2012 to May 2022 and focused on countries with similar national contexts and public health systems to Canada. Articles that focused solely on the health care system, editorials, opinions, books, correspondence, or commentaries, and those that were highly focused on a specific area of public health work that was not generalizable, were excluded. The included studies underwent thematic analysis to identify common themes.

Results
The indexed literature search yielded 420 citations, none of which met the inclusion criteria. The grey literature search identified 1500 documents, four of which originated from national-level public health organizations in England, Wales, and the United States. The identified quality frameworks varied in their goals, reflecting the role of the organization producing the document. However, several themes common to the majority of frameworks emerged, including a skilled workforce, strong leadership, effective and timely service, equity, quality improvement, close partnerships, adequate resourcing, and innovation.

Conclusion
Although the study did not identify a commonly used framework or approach, it highlights major themes that can guide the development of a suite of indicators supporting structural and process enablers and community impact to measure and report on the quality of public health systems. Notably, the study emphasizes the importance of non-peer-reviewed literature in this field and underscores the need for more transparent documentation of framework and indicator development processes. Developing reliable performance frameworks and indicators that promote ongoing learning and quality improvement is crucial for public health systems to fulfill their mandate of promoting and protecting health in the population.
Digitale Technologien in der Allgemeinmedizin
Authors: Schendzielorz Julia , Harre Karin , Tarara Marie , Oess Stefanie , Holmberg Christine 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Transformation findet im Gesundheitswesen statt und erfordert eine um digitale Kompetenzen erweiterte berufliche Qualifikation. Einige Fakultäten haben hierfür erste Curricula implementiert. Für den primärärztlich orientierten Brandenburgischen Modellstudiengang Medizin (BMM) wird ein angepasstes Curriculum unter Berücksichtigung der Bedarfe des Lehrpraxennetzwerks des BMM entwickelt. Hierzu wurden die Lehrpraxen mittels Fragebogenstudie befragt, welche digitalen Technologien in der Patient*innenbehandlung genutzt bzw. künftig eingesetzt werden und um welche Kompetenzen die ärztliche Ausbildung ergänzt werden sollte. Es zeigte sich, dass digitale Themen und Technologien mehrheitlich bekannt waren, die Einbindung über gesetzliche Anforderungen jedoch in Konkurrenz zu zeitlichen und monetären Ressourcen stand. Zudem zeigten sich Unsicherheiten in Bezug auf den Umgang mit digitalen Medien, hierbei insbesondere beim Hintergrundwissen zu rechtlichen und technologischen Aspekten des Datenschutzes. Aber auch die Relevanz des direkten Kontakts zwischen Ärzt*innen und Patient*innen wurde besonders betont. Die Einbindung der Lehrpraxen stellt die Grundlage dafür dar, bedarfsorientierte Curricula für die Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildung zu entwickeln. Es zeigte sich, dass hier vor allem die zentralen Leitmotive Datenschutz sowie Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung berücksichtigt werden sollten, um das Potenzial der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen für die Patient*innenversorgung bestmöglich zu nutzen. Ziel sollte es sein, die digitalen Technologien als sinnvolle Ergänzung zu den ärztlichen Kernkompetenzen zu integrieren, damit dem medizinischen Personal mehr Zeit für wertschöpfende Tätigkeiten bleibt und die Patient*innen wiederum eine verbesserte Erfahrung und damit Zufriedenheit erleben.
Acute COVID-19, the Lived Experience, and Lessons to Learn for Future Pandemics
Authors: Owen Rebecca , Ashton Ruth EM , Ferraro Francesco V , Phillips Bethan E , Skipper Lindsay , Faghy Mark A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The study aimed to increase the understanding of the lived experience of patients during the acute phase of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Method:
A Web-based survey was distributed through established patient and public engagement and involvement groups and networks, social media, and by means of word of mouth. The survey covered questions relating to patient demographics, COVID-19 diagnosis, symptom profile, and patient experience during acute COVID-19.

Results:
The findings demonstrate the varying symptom profiles experienced by people in the acute stage of COVID-19 infection, with participants sharing how they managed care at home, and/or accessed medical advice. Findings also highlight themes that people were concerned with being unable to receive care and believed they needed to rely heavily on family, with extreme thoughts of death.

Conclusions:
Although the urgent threat to public health has been negated by efficacious vaccines and enhanced treatment strategies, there are key lessons from the lived experience of COVID-19 that should be used to prepare for future pandemics and public health emergencies.
Constitutionalization of Happiness: A Global and Comparative Inquiry
Authors: Wan Trevor T. W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHappiness and well-being are now explicitly enshrined in a myriad of national constitutions. As of 2022, the terms “happiness” and “well-being” form part of the constitutional lexicon of more than 20 and 110 states respectively. These “happiness provisions” epitomize the phenomenon of the “constitutionalization of happiness,” which denotes the process of elevating happiness to the constitutional echelon, thereby bearing discernible legal and political implications. An audit of all happiness provisions reveals that they boil down to three categories—happiness as a national objective, happiness as a policy paradigm, and the pursuit of happiness as a human right. The meaning and jurisprudential landscape of happiness provisions within a specific constitutional framework is molded by, on top of the semantic and structural configuration, a dynamic interplay among three factors, which include the indigenous and socio-cultural conception of happiness of that state, interpretations put forward by judges and other constitutional actors, and transnational influences such as the migration of constitutional ideas and jurisprudence. This article draws upon an extensive array of case studies, covering among others Bhutan, Bolivia, Ecuador, Japan, Korea, and Nigeria, to illustrate the breadth and diversity that enliven the universe of happiness provisions.
Association of diet quality with hand grip strength weakness and asymmetry in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort
Authors: Huang Jiannan , Shanmugam Aarathi , Huang Xiangyuan , van Dam Rob M. , Hilal Saima 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHand grip strength (HGS) is an important diagnostic tool for sarcopenia and a reliable predictor for age-related chronic diseases and mortality. Interventions in nutrition have been shown as a low-cost strategy to maintain muscular strength and mass. However, there are limited data on the effect of diet on HGS in Southeast Asian populations. This study aims to investigate the association of diet quality with HGS weakness and asymmetry in a multi-ethnic population in Singapore. This cross-sectional study used data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (n= 1547). Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ and summarised as the Dietary Quality Index – International (DQI-I). HGS was calculated as the maximum value of six measurements from both hands. HGS weakness and asymmetry were defined using well-recognised criteria. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were utilised for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, physical activity and smoking status. It was found that the highest quartile of DQI-I was significantly associated with higher HGS (β= 1·11; 95 % CI 0·41, 1·82;Pfor trend< 0·001) and lower odds of HGS asymmetry (OR = 0·71; 95 % CI 0·53, 0·94;Pfor trend= 0·035) and both HGS weakness and asymmetry (OR = 0·50; 95 % CI 0·32, 0·76;Pfor trend= 0·004). Among the different components of DQI-I, only dietary adequacy was significantly associated with higher HGS (Pfor trend< 0·001) and lower odds for both HGS weakness and asymmetry (Pfor trend= 0·006). Our findings support that DQI-I, an indicator of overall diet quality, can be used to provide dietary guidelines for prevention and management of muscle wasting, sarcopenia and frailty.
The AU Free Movement Protocol: Challenges in Its Implementation
Authors: Chime Ikechukwu P , Nwosu Edith , Onyeabor Emmanuel , Ajibo Collins C , Richards Newman U , Nwodo Fochi A , Nwafor Ndubuisi A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne of the major pillars of the African Union is the integration of peoples and the ability for them to move freely from one member country to another, with the right to reside and practise their trade or profession. This aspect of integration found full expression in the Protocol to the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community Relating to the Free Movement of Persons, Right of Residence and Right of Establishment, adopted in 2018. Upon operationalization, it will remove obstacles to the movement of people, capital and resources in the region and give expression to aspiration 2 of the African Union Agenda 2063. However, significant challenges lie on the path of its implementation. This article doctrinally reviews the protocol, looking at its prospects for promoting African integration and development, and anticipates some of the problems that the protocol will face. It concludes with recommendations for achieving its lofty but desirable ends.
Intersubstrate Welfare Comparisons: Important, Difficult, and Potentially Tractable
Authors: Fischer Bob , Sebo Jeff 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the future, when we compare the welfare of a being of one substrate (say, a human) with the welfare of another (say, an artificial intelligence system), we will be making an intersubstrate welfare comparison. In this paper, we argue that intersubstrate welfare comparisons are important, difficult, and potentially tractable. The world might soon contain a vast number of sentient or otherwise significant beings of different substrates, and moral agents will need to be able to compare their welfare levels. However, this work will be difficult, because we lack the same kinds of commonalities across substrates that we have within them. Fortunately, we might be able to make at least some intersubstrate welfare comparisons responsibly in spite of these issues. We make the case for cautious optimism and call for more research.
Development of a training programme in individual case formulation skills and a scale for assessing its effectiveness
Authors: Hallam Richard , Brown Gary , Turner Liza , Blomfield Elizabeth , El Leithy Sharif , Mendes Ines 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:Little is known about the skills involved in clinical formulation. The individual case formulation (ICF) approach, based on functional analysis, employs clinical descriptions that are theory-free and depicts formulations constructed according to a set of basic conventions.Aims:We report a test of whether this method could be taught and if the quality of the resulting diagrams could be reliably rated.Method:Participants (n=40) participated in a training course in formulation. A draft rating scale was refined in the course of rating formulation diagrams and basic inter-rater reliability established.Results:Results of the study support further development of the ICF approach.
Cross-cultural evaluation of learning and memory using a consonant-vowel-consonant trigram list
Authors: Ampofo Prince , Katschke Jessica L. , Kadey Kylie R. , Dixon Bradley J. , Halter Colt M. , Moll Allison C. , Gattuso Maria , Morganti Francesca , Woodard John L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Word list-learning tasks are commonly used to evaluate auditory-verbal learning and memory. However, different frequencies of word usage, subtle meaning nuances, unique word phonology, and different preexisting associations among words make translation across languages difficult. We administered lists of consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) nonword trigrams to independent American and Italian young adult samples. We evaluated whether an auditory list-learning task using CVC nonword trigrams instead of words could be applied cross-culturally to evaluate similar learning and associative memory processes.Participants and Methods:Seventy-five native English-speaking (USA) and 104 native Italian-speaking (Italy) university students were administered 15-item lists of CVC trigrams using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test paradigm with five study-test trials, an interference trial, and short- and long-term delayed recall. Bayesian
t tests and mixed-design ANOVAs contrasted the primary learning indexes across the two samples and biological sex.Results:Performance was comparable between nationalities on all primary memory indices except the interference trial (List B), where the Italian group recalled approximately one item more than the American sample. For both nationalities, recall increased across the five learning trials and declined significantly on the postinterference trial, demonstrating susceptibility to retroactive interference. No effects of sex, age, vocabulary, or depressive symptoms were observed.Conclusions:Using lists of unfamiliar nonword CVC trigrams, Italian and American younger adults showed a similar performance pattern across immediate and delayed recall trials. Whereas word list-learning performance is typically affected by cultural, demographic, mood, and cognitive factors, this trigram list-learning task does not show such effects, demonstrating its utility for cross-cultural memory assessment.
Multiculturalism and reported cognitive change in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Statucka Marta , Vaziri Megan , Iddiols Bianca , Kaya Batu , Cohn Melanie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and how much cognitive decline impacts one’s ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) are necessary elements of neuropsychological assessment when diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Though limited, the literature suggests that culture and self-appraisal of cognitive abilities are related. However, it is unclear if differences exist in the subjective elements of neuropsychological assessments between patients born in Anglosphere countries (Canada, the USA, and the UK) versus immigrants born elsewhere (International Group).Method:We conducted a retrospective chart review of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients (n = 764). Reports of SCD and iADL difficulties were extracted from neuropsychological reports and coded by two independent raters. We also examined responses on self- and family-rated questionnaires of executive functioning and iADL difficulties.Results:Anglosphere and International patients did not differ on overall, memory, or attention SCD, or overall iADL difficulties based on interviews. Anglosphere patients reported more executive and language SCD during the interview but International care-partners reported more current executive dysfunction on a questionnaire. International patients and care-partners reported more iADL difficulties on a questionnaire, which they ascribed to motor (not cognitive) symptoms. The effects on questionnaires were small and persisted after accounting for depression severity ratings.Conclusion:There were no consistent group differences in the number or pervasiveness of SCD or iADL difficulties reported by Anglosphere versus International groups. Immigration status has limited effect on these subjective elements and they should be given significant weight when diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in PD.
Assessing the scalability of healthy eating interventions within the early childhood education and care setting: secondary analysis of a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Grady Alice , Jackson Jacklyn , Wolfenden Luke , Lum Melanie , Yoong Sze Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Early childhood education and care (ECEC) is a recommended setting for the delivery of health eating interventions ‘at scale’ (i.e. to large numbers of childcare services) to improve child public health nutrition. Appraisal of the ‘scalability’ (suitability for delivery at scale) of interventions is recommended to guide public health decision-making. This study describes the extent to which factors required to assess scalability are reported among ECEC-based healthy eating interventions.Design:Studies from a recent Cochrane systematic review assessing the effectiveness of healthy eating interventions delivered in ECEC for improving child dietary intake were included. The reporting of factors of scalability was assessed against domains outlined within the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool (ISAT). The tool recommends decision makers consider the problem, the intervention, strategic and political context, effectiveness, costs, fidelity and adaptation, reach and acceptability, delivery setting and workforce, implementation infrastructure and sustainability. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer.Setting:ECEC.Participants:Children 6 months to 6 years.Results:Of thirty-eight included studies, none reported all factors within the ISAT. All studies reported the problem, the intervention, effectiveness and the delivery workforce and setting. The lowest reported domains were intervention costs (13 % of studies) and sustainability (16 % of studies).Conclusions:Findings indicate there is a lack of reporting of some key factors of scalability for ECEC-based healthy eating interventions. Future studies should measure and report such factors to support policy and practice decision makers when selecting interventions to be scaled-up.
Association between pro-inflammatory diet and liver cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Kaixia , Yang Fen , Zhu Xinhong , Qiao Guiyuan , Zhang Chunmei , Tao Junxiu , Gao Xiaolian , Xiao Mingzhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory potential and liver cancer to provide evidence regarding scientific dietary health education.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify case–control or cohort studies that involved dietary inflammation index (DII)/empirical dietary inflammation pattern (EDIP) and liver cancer in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Using a combination of DII/EDIP and liver cancer as the search terms, the associations between DII/EDIP and liver cancer were then assessed.Participants:Three case–control studies and two cohort studies were brought into the meta-analysis, with 225 713 enrolled participants.Results:Meta-analysis of categorical variables showed that DII/EDIP in the highest category increased the risk of liver cancer compared to DII/EDIP in the lowest category (relative risk (RR) = 2·35; 95 % CI 1·77, 3·13; P = 0·000) and with low heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 40·8 %, P = 0·119). Meta-analysis of continuous variables showed that significant positive association between liver cancer and DII/EDIP scores (RR = 1·24; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·40; P = 0·001), and no heterogeneity (I² = 0·0 %, P = 0·471). Stratified according to the study design, there was a significant positive association between liver cancer and DII/EDIP scores in both cohort studies (RR = 2·16; 95 % CI 1·51, 3·07; P = 0·000) and case–control studies (RR = 2·75; 95 % CI 1·71, 4·41; P = 0·000).Conclusion:The higher the DII/EDIP score, the higher the risk of liver cancer. This finding may have prominent implications for the general population.
Telling the stories of China well? The perception of China's rise by second-generation Chinese immigrants in an Australian University
Authors: Chen Minglu , Sonoda Shigeto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChina's rise has been discussed in various ways, but only recently has scholarship started to examine it in relation to overseas Chinese, as politicians and commentators outside China, as well as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) itself and some scholars on “smart power” have come to realize their importance as political messengers of China. This paper analyses interview results with second-generation Chinese immigrants in Australia in tertiary education to examine how they are “telling the China story”. The results reveal this cohort's complex attitudes towards China's rise. On the one hand, they are proud of China's rise, especially in economic terms, and their socio-cultural attachment to it. On the other, they critically evaluate political and social issues in China, and are aware of their marginal position in Chinese society. These findings argue against the oversimplistic approach that regards Chinese immigrants as a homogenous group acting as political messengers of the CCP.