bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labeling Policy for Genetically Modified and Organic Food: Impact on Consumer Choice
Authors: Wunderlich Shahla M. , Gatto Kelsey A. , Mangano Marielle 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the current Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) and organic labeling policies and to determine the impact on consumer choice.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐three participants 18 years and older completed an online survey about Genetically Modified (GM) and organic food labeling. Participants responded to specific questions about how GM labeling influences their purchasing behaviors. Demographic data was also collected and analyzed by one‐way ANOVA tests to assess the significance. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB)ResultsThe participants were mostly female (82.9%) and white (90.5%), with mean age of 40.3 years. Household income was relatively high, with 39.0% reporting over $100,000. The sample also had high levels of education as well: 24.4% hold a doctorate degree, 33.3% hold a Master's degree. The majority of participants were familiar with the term Genetically Modified Food (or GMO and 82.1% reported that they have noticed non‐GMO labeled foods in New Jersey supermarkets, with 75.6% of participants reporting seeing these labels in the supermarkets they frequent most often. More than half of participants (68.3%) expressed that they prefer to purchase foods with a non‐GMO label versus foods without a non‐GMO label. Furthermore, a majority of participants (87.8%) would like to see more labeling that distinguishes non‐GMO and organic from GMO products. However, a small number of participants (24.4%) report that GMO food labeling impacts their purchasing decisions all the time, while approximately half of participants (51.2%) reported that GMO labeling affects their purchasing decisions only sometimes. Combined, 75.6% of participants allow GMO labeling to influence their purchasing decisions. Those who believe organic foods have a beneficial impact on the environment reported that their views impact their purchasing decisions more frequently than those who were unsure of their effects (p<0.01). There was also a near significant difference between those who believed organic food production system was beneficial and those who believed it was harmful, with those who believe in the benefits allowing their beliefs to impact purchasing more frequently (p=0.114). Those who believe GMOs foods have a harmful impact on the environment reported their views impact purchasing decisions more frequently than those who believe they have a beneficial effect (p<0.05).ConclusionsThere is a need for clearer labeling policies regarding GMO foods. If GMO foods were labeled more clearly, consumers would be able to make more educated purchasing decisions and exercise their beliefs and preferences accordingly.Support or Funding InformationMontclair State University FSP support. No other funding.
Impact of the National Crusade against Hunger (CNCH) on anemia and dietary diversity among Mexican children
Authors: ROSAS VERONICA MUNDO , Levy Teresa Shamah , Tapia Brenda Martínez , Gómez‐Humarán Ignacio Méndez 
Published: November 2023

The National Crusade against Hunger (CNCH by its initials in Spanish) is a social inclusion and wellbeing strategy aimed at combating poverty, social marginalization and malnutrition in Mexico. The CNCH intervention was launched in Mexico during the current presidential term (2013 – 2018).ObjectiveTo assess the impact exerted by CNCH food assistance programs on the dietary diversity and nutritional status of children at one‐year follow‐up.MethodsA comparative study was conducted with two cohorts of children under five years of age: 1. CNCH intervention group (n=1500) and 2. Control group (n=800). Assessment was performed in two stages: at baseline (2014) and at one‐year follow‐up (2015). The study used a randomized, probabilistic design based on a nationally representative sample. The children in both cohorts were residents of highly and very highly marginalized localities. A differences‐in‐differences estimator was combined with generalized linear models to estimate CNCH impact on anemia and dietary diversity indicators.ResultsThe probability of suffering from anemia was lower in the CNCH than in the control group children (p=0.021). Furthermore, those in the CNCH group were more likely to consume cereals (p=0.022), leguminous vegetables (p<0.001), and fruit and vegetables (p=0.006) than were those in the control group (p=0.001).ConclusionThe CNCH social food assistance programs contribute to [U1] dietary diversity and anemia reduction in children under five. It is recommended to monitor the care strategies in each program and to improve targeting in the most socially deprived households.
A Comparative Study on Dietary Habit and Nutrition Knowledge of Middle School Students in Seoul area, Korea
Authors: Kim Young A , Cho Suyeon 
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted to provide basic information for nutrition education to establish growing students' dietary habit. 518 middle school students(276 boys and 242 girls) were cross‐sectional surveyed in the region of Seoul, the capital of Korea. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program.The average Body Mass Index (BMI) of male and female students was 19.5 kg/m2 in the normal weight range. In the aggregate, 43.8% of students had unbalanced eating habit, the girls had higher ratio of having unbalanced eating habit than the boys. But there was no significant differences according to BMI. And unbalanced‐eating students tended to leave vegetables significantly more than students with balanced eating habit(p<.05).According to their nutrition knowledge test, the students were categorized into 3 groups, 28.8% of ‘high’, 31.5% of ‘middle’ and 39.8% of ‘low’, while 30.3% of entire students had experienced nutrition education program at school. 80.9% of the students agreed with the essentiality of nutrition education, while there was a significant difference according to the degree of Nutrition knowledge (p<.005). Two major reasons for essentiality of nutrition education were ‘proper growth’ (45.9%) and ‘good dietary habit’ (15.3%). And they preferred an active program including “cooking practice” by professional nutrition teacher.Therefore, the correlation between nutrition education and students' dietary life was proven and continuous nutrition education programs for growing students are required to enhance their dietary life.Support or Funding InformationGrant Funding Source: Inha University
A Comparative Study on Dietary Habit and Weight Control of Middle School Students in Gyonggi‐do, Korea
Authors: Kim Young A , Yang Soon yi 
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted to examine the relationship of dietary habits and weight control. 859 middle school students (453 boys and 406 girls) were surveyed using a questionnaire in the region of Gyonggi‐do, republic of Korea. According to their BMI, the students were categorized into 4 groups, 39.0% of ‘underweight’, 46.0% of ‘normal’, 6.6% of ‘overweight’ and 8.4% of ‘obese’.It was revealed that the level of interest in weight control was the highest among the obese group (51.4%), followed by overweight (49.17%), normal (45.6%), and underweight(28.4%). Their level of interest in weight control was higher as their BMI was higher(p<.001).With regards to experiences of weight control attempts, 68.1% of the obese group answered yes, while 68.4% of the overweight group, 54.2% of the normal group, 30.4% of the underweight group answered yes respectively (p<.001). The Internet was the most preferred source looking for information about weight control (45.4%).Concerning dietary habits, 69.6% of the underweight group, 69.4% of the normal weight group, 66.7% of the overweight group, and 61.1% of the obese group had breakfast every day. In addition, 36.4% of the obese group eat meals alone. Additionally, obese students eat faster than lower BMI students (p<.01).Therefore, continuous nutrition education programs are required to develop good dietary habits for growing students.Support or Funding InformationGrant Funding Source: Inha University
Four‐year follow up of an Integral Health Program to Control Parameters Associated with Childhood Obesity
Authors: Valenzuela‐Rubio Nancy G , Castro‐Sanchez Francisco H , Vergara‐Jimenez Marcela J 
Published: November 2023

Childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide and it is considered an important public health problem. There are several strategies to control and prevent this disease but the majority of these strategies have not a follow up to observe if differences have been persisted after the intervention. The objective of this study was to compare changes in Body Mass Index z‐score (BMI‐z) and Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) 4 years after the cessation of two or three months of intervention (group A and group B, respectively). All children who had at least baseline measurement were contacted to be invited to participate in the long follow up. Fifteen of fifty eight eligible children (26%) participated, group A (n=8) and group B (n=7). Children who changed of residency (n = 1), or were not possible to be contacted (n = 27), or refused to participate (n = 2), or did not assist to the date (n =13). Adherence in group A during intervention was 94% (n=8) and 100% in group B (n=7). BMI z‐score and WHtR did not differ at baseline between groups. All data were presented in mean (95% CI). At follow up the mean age was 13.9 (CI: 12–16, n=15), the mean BMI‐z in group A was 2.28 (CI: 1.39 – 3.16) and 1.95 (CI: 1.27 – 2.63), and the mean WHtR in group A was 0.58 (CI: 0.51 – 0.65) and 0.52 (CI: 0.46 – 0.58). Although we did not find differences neither between nor within groups, group B showed a lower tendency. We concluded that two or three months of intervention of an Integral Health Program was not enough to improve body composition after 4y. It is necessary to implement a longer intervention.Support or Funding InformationNo funding support.
Saturated Free Fatty Acids Induce Trophoblast Lipoapoptosis
Authors: Natarajan Sathish Kumar , Bruett Taylor , Muthukrishnan Ezhumalai , Islam Md Torikul , Mott Justin L 
Published: November 2023

Obesity during pregnancy increases the risk for maternal complications like gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and maternal inflammation. Maternal obesity also increases the risk of childhood obesity, fetalintrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and diabetes to the children. Earlier studies demonstrated placental trophoblast apoptosis occurs in patients with preeclampsia and IUGR due to hypoxia. Increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity due to adipose lipolysis induces lipoapoptosis tohepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and pancreatic‐β‐cells. During the third trimester of pregnancy, there is an increase in maternal lipolysis and release of FFAs into the circulation. It is currently unknown if increased FFAs during maternal obesity cause placental cell lipoapoptosis. Palmitate, the predominant circulating FFA, has been shown to induce blastocyst lipoapoptosis and exposure of blastocysts before implantation to palmitate results in a smaller sized fetus. Here, we hypothesis the involvement of trophoblastlipoapoptosis in placental dysfunction during maternal obesity.MethodsApoptosis was assessed by characteristic nuclear morphology staining with DAPI, and caspase 3/7 activity assay. Cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 were examined by Immunoblot.ResultsTreatment of trophoblastcell lines, JEG‐3 and JAR cells with palmitate (PA) or stearate (SA)‐induced trophoblastlipoapoptosis as evidenced by a significant increase in apoptotic nuclearmorphology changes and caspase 3/7 activity. We observed that saturated FFAs caused a concentration‐dependent increase in placental cell lipoapoptosis. We also observed that palmitoleate, a mono‐unsaturated omega‐7 fatty acid mitigated placental cell lipoapoptosis caused due to PA exposure.In conclusion, we show that saturated FFAs induce trophoblast lipoapoptosis. The signaling mechanism of FFA‐induced trophoblast lipoapoptosis are now under investigation.Support or Funding InformationNIH:P20GM104320
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Obesity in U.S. Children Ages 6–12
Authors: Haddadian Padideh , Huwaikem Mashael , Vaccaro Joan A. , Zarini Gustavo G. , Huffman Fatma G. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundApproximately 17% of children ages 6–11 years are classified as obese in the United States (U.S.). Obesity adversely affects physical functioning and leads to reduced quality of life.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to characterize the prevalence of physical activity, sedentary behavior and obesity among U.S. children ages 6–12 years old.MethodsData for this study were from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) conducted in conjunction with the NHANES in 2012. The final sample size was N = 614 children who completed the cardiovascular endurance test and of the following self‐reported race/ethnicity categories: 103 Mexican Americans (MA), 103 Other Hispanics (OH), 156 non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB), and 252 non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW). The NNYFS protocol was approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (ERB): parents signed informed consent and children signed assent. Statistics were reported as percentage and 95th CI by cross‐tabulations of obesity, sedentary behavior and physical activity by race/ethnicity. All statistics were performed with SPSS version 23 with the complex sample analysis module.ResultsApproximately twice the percent of NHB as compared to NHW children had high sedentary behavior ≥ 3 hrs/day [33.1 (21.9, 46.7) vs. 16.3 (11.5, 22.4)]. The percent of sedentary behavior ≥ 3 hrs/day was 16.7 (13.8, 20.0) for MA and 28.1 (16.7, 43.4) for OH. Over 80% of all race/ethnicity children participated in physical activity (P=0.072). Body Mass Index/age and gender (zBMI) was not significantly different by race/ethnicity (P=0.430) and 35.5% were classified as overweight/obese.ConclusionElementary‐age children appear to be at equal risk for obesity and lack of physical activity across ethnic/race groups. High sedentary behaviors were more prevalent in NHB. Interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease targeting children at younger age‐groups may be suitable for a school environment.
What Words and Actions Predict Adult and Daughters Weight Satisfaction?
Authors: Tran Huy Q , Wansink Brian , Christian Daniela C 
Published: November 2023

How does a parental comment about daughter's food intake or her weight shape her as an adult? The current study attempts to address that question and demystify the relationship between childhood parental intake comments and a daughter's adult Body Mass Index (BMI), her weight satisfaction and her susceptibility to social influence regarding eating. Specifically, we investigate whether recalling more frequent intake comments is associated with higher BMI and whether comments uttered by a parent with healthy dieting have more impact than a parent with unhealthy dieting.An analysis of 502 women between the age of 20 and 33 showed that while parental comments on both weight and dietary intake may have a large impact on daughters' weight concern, comments on weight do not have as significant impact as comments on high food intake have on healthy eating habits of daughter (p <0.05). Additionally, when parents did not comment on either weight and food intake, the biggest impact of healthy eating was the recalling of how her parents ate.This study strengthens the notion that parental influence matters when it comes to affecting and improving daughters' eating behaviors. Whereas comments on a daughter's weight relate to her adult weight dissatisfaction, the comments on intake do not lead to weight concerns and weight dissatisfaction, instead these comments lead to healthier eating. It appears that aside from eating healthier themselves, it's better for a parent to talk about a daughter's food intake than her weight.
Effects of Consuming a High Protein Diet With or Without Soy Protein on Transformative Weight Loss and Maintenance; a Non‐Inferiority, Randomized Clinical Efficacy Trial
Authors: Speaker Kristin J , Peters John C , Nelson Hannah K , Pan Zhaozing , Wyatt Holly , Flock Michael , Mukherjea Ratna , Hill James O 
Published: November 2023

High‐protein diets are frequently used for weight management due to their ability to enhance energy expenditure and promote lean mass retention. Compared to their animal‐based counterparts the plant‐based protein, soy, demonstrates equivalence for appetite and satiety, however, limited data exist regarding their comparative effects on volitional weight loss and maintenance. This 12‐month randomized, non‐inferiority clinical trial sought to compare the relative efficacy of consuming supplemental soy vs. other types of protein as part of a high‐protein diet and the State of Slim transformative weight management program. The primary outcome was relative change in body weight after 4‐months of interventional weight loss. Exploratory outcomes were weight change at 12 months, blood pressure, lipids, C‐reactive protein, body composition and personal wellness. Using a non‐blinded, two‐arm design with a non‐inferiority margin of Δ ≤ 3% for relative change in weight at 4 months, 58 women and 13 men aged 42 ± 9.4y with a baseline BMI of 32.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2 (mean ± SD), were asked to consume 3 servings of pre‐made soy or non‐soy protein foods (~20g protein/serving via powder, bar or patty) per day for 12 months. Body composition was assessed via dual x‐ray absorptiometry and personal wellness via validated questionnaires. All assessments were made within ± 10 days of each endpoint. Intention to treat (ITT) and completer (C) analyses demonstrated both diets were comparable for relative weight change at month 4 [ITT (N=71): soy, n=36, −6.98 ± 5.22%; non‐soy, n=35, −7.15 ±5.72%, Δ= 0.16% (90% CI: −2.0,2.33); C (N=57): soy, n=29, −8.67 ± 4.35%; non‐soy, n=28, −8.93 ± 4.9%, Δ= 0.26% (90% CI: −1.8, 2.33)]. These results indicate that the regular consumption of soy protein is comparably efficacious to other protein for volitional weight loss fostered through the State of Slim weight management program.Support or Funding InformationSupport: DuPont Nutrition & Health, St. Louis, MO
Dietary Diversity in Mexican Preschool Children: Data from National Nutrition and Health Surveys in 2016
Authors: Gómez‐Acosta Luz María , Gaona‐Pineda Elsa Berenice , Rodriguez‐Ramirez Sonia , Martínez‐Tapia Brenda , Valenzuela‐Bravo Danae Gabriela , Shama‐Levy Teresa 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo estimate a dietary diversity score in Mexican children from1 to 4 years of age with the results of the Half‐Way National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT MC by its acronym in Spanish.MethodsENSANUT MC is a national survey based on a multistage, stratified design. It is representative of the urban and rural areas and the four regions of Mexico: north, central, south and Mexico City, and is comparable with the national surveys conducted in Mexico since 1988. Dietary data were obtained with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. From a food frequency questionnaire of 7 days, we classified foods and beverages in 12 food groups: fruits and vegetables, legumes, Meats, water, eggs, cured meats, fast food, snacks, candies and desserts, sweetened cereals, sweetened beverages and sweetened dairy beverages and dairy products. Dietary diversity was estimated by the total of food groups that were consumed at least 10 grams and three days.ResultsFrom a sample of 1697 of 1–4 years old, which represent 8, 711, 403 Mexican preschool children, 839 (49.4%) were male children and 858 (50.5%) females. Preschool children consumed in averaged 6.1 (95% CI: 5.8, 6.3) food groups. Children form rural areas tended to a lower dietary diversity (5.9 food groups, 95% CI:5.6, 6.2) than those from urban areas (6.2 food groups, 95% CI: 5.9, 6.4). South region had lower mean food groups (5.9, 95% CI: 5.4, 6.3) than north (6.4, 95% CI: 5.8, 6.9). Preschool children consumed mainly water (84.1%, 95% CI: 80.9, 86.9), fruits and vegetables (76.9, 95% CI: 73.2, 80.2), dairy products (73.0, 95% CI: 69.0, 76.7 and sweetened beverages (71.2, 95% CI: 66.9, 75.3)Tertile distribution of dietary diversity (low, medium and high) show that more than 50% of preschool in the slow category of dietary diversity ate less than three food groups in a week (water and dairy products). On the other hand, children with high dietary diversity ate at least 10 food groups in a week: fruits and vegetables, legumes, meats, snacks, candies and desserts, sweetened cereals, sweetened beverages, sweetened dairy beverages, dairy products and egg.ConclusionDietary diversity in Mexican preschool children is high, although this could be related to a higher access to a non‐recommended food groups suchs as cured meats, sweetened cereals, sweetened dairy and non‐dairy beverages, snacks, candies and desserts or fast food and fried Mexican snacks. It is important to increase access to recommended food groups in order to improved dietary quality of this population.Support or Funding InformationMexican Ministry of Health
A double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of Salacia Chinensis, with alpha‐glucosidase inhibitor properties, on post‐prandial glycemia.
Authors: Hao Lihong , Fieselmann Krista , Schneider Stephen , Schlussel Yvette , Shapses Sue 
Published: November 2023

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors are used as antidiabetic agents to slow carbohydrate absorption. We examined a medicinal plant, Salacia, with known α‐glucosidase inhibitor properties. In this clinical trial, we measured glycemic indices after a mixed meal tolerance test in healthy overweight/obese individuals. We randomized 51 subjects (BMI: 28.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2; 58% female) to Salacia Chinensis (SC) extract (300 mg and 500 mg dose) and placebo in random order using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 3‐way cross‐over design. After an overnight fast, participants consumed a dose of SC or placebo along with a fixed breakfast meal (275 kcal; 50% carbohydrate; 30% fat; 20% protein). Serum was collected, and satiety and taste perception were measured using a visual analog scale before and after the meal (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes). Forty‐eight individuals with (age 33±12 y) completed the trial. After the meal, the peak serum glucose levels were lower, at either dose, compared to placebo (p < 0.05). In addition, the positive incremental area under the curve (iAUC+) of glucose was reduced by 32% at the 300mg dose compared to placebo (p < 0.05). One hour after the meal, the concentrations of amylin were lower (p < 0.05) and glucose‐like peptide‐1 tended to be higher compared to placebo (p < 0.06). Thus far, serum insulin was measured in a subset (n=29) and treatment suppressed iAUC+ compared to placebo (p < 0.05). This study shows that SC lowers postprandial serum glycemic indices in overweight/obese participants.Support or Funding InformationOmniActive Health Technologies Ltd, Canada