bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Headache with Ptosis, Miosis and Chronic Forehead Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Khurana Ramesh K. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISInjury to the right lateral forehead was followed by headaches, and chronic ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and forehead hyperhidrosis. Episodes of headache were accompanied by an increase in ptosis, miosis and forehead hyperhidrosis. The headaches abated within 6 weeks but the ptosis and miosis, due to postganglionic sympathetic insufficiency, were persistent. Spontaneous forehead hyperhidrosis, was also persistent at the time of last follow‐up, 15 months later. Autonomic assessment of the oculocephalic sympathetic dysfunction, localization of the lesion and possible explanation of the autonomic findings are discussed.
Sleep and Headache Syndromes: A Clinical Review
Authors: Sahota R K. , Dexter J.D. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe relationship between sleep and headache has been known for over a century. Sleep represents the only well documented behavioral state related to the occurrence of some headache syndrome. Liveing1 in 1873, wrote about the effect of sleep in terminating an attack of headache. Bing2 also, noted this relationship when he wrote about early morning headaches. Gans3 reported a decrease in frequency and severity of migraine attacks following selective ‘deep‐sleep deprivation.’ Dreams4 leading to headache have been reported. Quite obviously, headache also finds a place in the classification of sleep disorders.5 This very important relationship between sleep and headache is the subject of this clinical review.
Response of Non‐Migrainous Headaches to Chlorpromazine
Authors: Barclay C.L. , Shuaib A. , Montoya D. , Seland T.P. , Thomas H.G. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISChlorpromazine, given intravenously, is a useful agent in the treatment of acute migraine headaches. Patients with more serious conditions, however, may also respond to this medication. In this paper we report two patients who were initially diagnosed as having migraine headaches and treated with chlorpromazine. Both experienced temporary pain relief and it was only after repeated presentations to the emergency department that their conditions‐a subarachnoid hemorrhage and a subdural hematoma‐were accurately diagnosed.Because of this, caution must be exercised before re‐treating within a short period of time, a patient with recurrent headache. Strong consideration must be given to an alternate diagnosis and such a diagnosis should be actively sought should there be any suspicion of a non‐migrainous cause for headache. It is only by doing so that we may avoid missing more serious and life‐threatening conditions such as those with which our patients presented.
MRI Studies in Basilar Artery Migraine
Authors: Jacome Daniel E. , Leborgne Juan 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed in 18 patients with non‐epileptiform basilar artery migraine (BAM). In a few subjects, mild enlargement of the cortical sulci and white matter T2 weighted increased signal intensity were present. Twelve of the patients also underwent computerized tomography (CT) of the head: 6 of the latter individuals had abnormalities on their MRI not detested by CT, but their finding did not modify the pre‐existing diagnosis or influence clinical management. No evidence of biologic markers (i.e. congenital anomalies of the brainstem) was encountered and no signs of prior traumatic lesions, demyelinating disease or complicating stroke. MRI is a useful but limited complementary diagnostic tool in BAM.
Clomipramine and Mianserin in the Treatment of Chronic Tension Headache. A Double‐Blind, Controlled Study
Authors: Langemark M. , Loldrup D. , Bech Per , Olesen J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSIS114 patients with chronic tension headache {more than 10 days per month for at least 6 months) were treated with placebo, clomipramine or mianserin in a double blind parallel group comparison. Eighty‐two patients completed the study. Headache pain was scored weekly on visual analogue scales for the 6 weeks of treatment. Observer‐rating of headache was made at entry, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks of treatment.In all groups, headache complaints decreased significantly compared to baseline. With the main parameter the decrease on both clomipramine and mianserin was significant compared to placebo. Although the tend was the same for the other parameters, the changes relative to placebo did not reach statistical significance.
Headaches Associated with Low Spinal Fluid Pressure
Authors: Fernández Ernesto 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISPost‐lumbar puncture headache (PLPHA) and spontaneous hypoliquorrheic headache are both associated with low spinal fluid pressure. A dull or throbbing occipital ache characteristically worsened by sitting or standing and eased by lying down is peculiar to both. Additional symptoms and signs may accompany the headache. In PLPHA the pain is triggered by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the dural rent, but the cause of the pain is probably due to intracranial arterial and venous dilatation. The same mechanism probably applies to spontaneous hypoliquorrheic headache in which the site of leakage is rarely found. The majority of cases subside without treatment over several days. Those that persist may be treated with epidural blood patch or saline infusion with good results. A simple, innocuous, yet underutilized form of treatment is caffeine sodium benzoate. This review will discuss the incidence, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of these headaches.
Methionine‐Enkephalin in Migraine and Tension Headache. Differences Between Classic Migraine, Common Migraine and Tension Headache, and Changes During Attacks.
Authors: Ferrari Michel D. , Odink Jacobus , Frölich Marijke , Portielje Johanneke E.A. , Bruyn George W. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe measured methionine‐enkephalin (MET) in platelets and platelet‐poor‐plasma of drug‐free patients with classic migraine, common migraine or tension headache (TH). Migraineurs were studied both between and during attacks. TH patients were characterized by low platelet‐MET and high plasma‐MET levels, whereas migraine patients showed high platelet‐MET and reduced plasma‐MET levels. During migraine attacks both platelet and plasma‐MET concentrations increased considerably. We suggest that determination of MET levels in platelets and plasma may be a useful marker to discriminate between TH and common migraine. The rise in MET during attacks may be directed against the ictal increase of serotonin.
Spontaneous Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Headache
Authors: Marcelis John , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA 69 year old man presented with headache on arising and relieved with recumbency. His clinical presentation, laboratory data, response to treatment and radiographic evaluation were consistent with spontaneous low cerebrospinal fluid pressure from CSF hyperabsorption. Cisternography showed rapid accumulation in the kidneys and urinary bladder, without evidence of CSF leak. His headache was eventually controlled with two blood patches and oral caffeine.
Lumbar Puncture Headache: A Review
Authors: Raskin Neil H. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISAugust Bier, the father of spinal anesthesia, suffered and reported the first lumbar puncture (LP) headache. On August 24, 1898 his assistant, a Dr. Hildebrandt, attempted to administer a spinal anesthetic to Dr. Bier; it was never completed because the syringe did not fit the already implanted spinal needle.1 Bier himself suggested that continued leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the dural puncture site was the cause of headache, a theory that has been embraced by the medical community; however, the mechanism is probably more complex. Nearly 50 years ago, J. Lawrence Pool, using an endoscopic technique to visualize the surface of the spinal cord and the cauda equina, frequently observed large collections of epidural fluid two to four days following lumbar puncture in patients without headache.2 Evidence that will be presented below suggests that CSF volume alterations may be the signal closest to the headache mechanism.
The Effects of Psychological Stress on Electromyographic Activity and Negative Affect in Ambulatory Tension‐Type Headache Patients
Authors: Rugh John D. , Hatch John P. , Moore Patricia J. , Cyr‐Provost Margaret , Boutros Nashaat N. , Pellegrino Christina S. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISFourteen female dental hygiene students (seven with episodic tension‐type headache and seven who rarely or never experienced headache) wore an ambulatory electromyographic recorder and completed hourly subjective ratings of pain and negative affective states for six days while they carried out their normal daily activities. Three of the days were designated as high stress days by virtue of the fact that the students were required to take a major course examination or undergo a clinical evaluation on that day. The remaining three days were designated as low stress days by virtue of the fact that no unusual demands were made on the students, and they simply attended lectures as usual. All students showed significantly greater levels of electromyographic activity on the high stress days compared to the low stress days, but there was not a statistically significant difference between the headache and control groups. Headache group subjects reported significantly higher levels of pain compared to the control group, but their pain ratings did not differ between high and low stress days. Subjective ratings of negative affective states (anxiety, anger, sadness, and frustration) were significantly greater on high stress days compared to low stress days. Headache group subjects also exhibited a tendency to report higher levels of negative affective states than did control group subjects, but only in the case of frustration was the .05 level of statistical significance achieved.
Impairment of 5HT Binding to Lymphocytes and Monocytes From Tension‐Type Headache Patients
Authors: Giacovazzo M. , Bernoni R.M. , Di Sabato F. , Martelletti P. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISSerotonin (5HT) binds in a saturable and specific manner to high affinity binding sites present on the surfaces of human lymphocytes and monocytes. We reported that migraine patients have an increase in 5HT binding parallel to the progression of the attack, with the appearance of a subsequent phenomenon of cellular deactivation. The same experiment previously carried out in cluster headache patients revealed a lack of high affinity binding sites, independently of the pain period. Low levels of plasma 5HT were recently described by Anthony in chronic tension‐type headache. The implication of 5HT in tension headache was also hypothesized by Shukla with the demonstration of an increased 5HT uptake by platelets.We studied the 5HT binding on surfaces of lymphocytes and monocytes in 26 tension‐type headache patients (16 affected by chronic form (CTH) of the disease and 10 by episodic form (ETH) ). Fourteen clinically healthy subjects were used as controls. Circulating Iymphocytes and monocytes were tested for their ability to specifically bind 5HT, using (3H) labeled 5HT. The “in vitro” 5HT binding curves to lymphocytes and monocytes of tension‐type headache patients show a constant trend; during headaches, both CTH and ETH patients present a desensitization phenomenon with a complete loss of high affinity binding sites for 5HT. The 5HT binding curve observed in controls is indistinguishable from that of ETH patients studied outside the attack period. The total amount of 5HT bound appeared to be more markedly raised in CTH patients than in ETH patients when compared to control values.The results obtained seem to demonstrate during tension‐type headache, the occurrence at a cellular level, of a disappearance of specific 5HT binding sites, which could be due to high 5HT turnover.
A Prospective Study of Chronic or Recurrent Headache in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Vázquez‐Cruz J. , Traboulssi H. , Rodriquez‐De la Serna A. , Geli C. , Roig C. , Diaz C. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThis study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and features of chronic or recurrent headache in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and also the relationship of such headache with other manifestations of the disease. A total of 76 patients (69 women and 7 men) with a mean age of 40 years (r: 24‐74 years) were included. An overall severity index for SLE was applied. Fifty‐two patients (68%) presented headache, 27 (52%) being vascular and 25 (48%) muscle contraction type. Headache in general was more frequent after the onset of SLE (p<.001). Prevalence of muscle contraction headache in particular was greater following manifestations of SLE. Family history of migraine was recorded in 54% of the patients with vascular headache. This antecedent was more common in patients in whom migraine started before the onset of SLE (p = .05). A greater number of neuropsychiatric symptoms was observed in the patients with vascular headache and family history (p<.02). Patients with thrombocytopenia presented headache less frequently (p<.05).Our results showed headache, of both vascular and muscle contraction types, to be frequent in SLE. We note that there is an increased frequency of muscle contraction headache after the onset of SLE, and that there is a migraine‐like headache directly related to SLE. Migrainous patients with familial history have a greater probability to suffer neuropsychiatric manifestations. Finally, it is suggested that severity of SLE is not related to presence of headache.
Epidural Blood Patch Reduces the Incidence of Past Lumbar Puncture Headache
Authors: Heide W. , Diener H.‐C. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn 50 patients, aged 16 to 58, an autologous blood patch was injected into the epidural space immediately after diagnostic lumbar puncture. The incidence of postpuncture headache was 22%, which was significantly lower than in a control group (40 patients, aged 17 to 54), where it amounted to 45%. Compared to the control group, the patients with epidural blood patch had significantly less postpuncture complaints between the 1st and 3rd day following lumbar puncture. Lower back pain as the only side effect was experienced by 30 to 40% of the patients in each of the 2 groups. We conclude that the epidural blood patch is practicable and effective in the prophylaxis of postpuncture headache, but cannot prevent its occurrence in all cases.
Repetitive Intravenous DHE in the Treatment of Refractory Headache
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D. , Schulman Elliott A. , Hopkins Mary McFadden 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe analyzed retrospectively the data for 300 patients with refractory headache who were treated with dihydroergotamine (DHE) at the Comprehensive Headache Center at German‐town Hospital. The patients had either chronic daily headache (with drug rebound ‐ 216, without rebound ‐ 42), short‐duration headache (18), or cluster headache (24). Treatment consisted of withdrawal of overused medications (usually analgesics and ergots), repetitive IV administration of DHE, and use of metoclopramide and prophylactic medications, together with educational and psychological support. Overall, 91% (range, 86% to 100%) of the patients became headache‐free, usually within 2 to 3 days. The average duration of hospitalization was 7.4 days. Side effects, reported in 157 (52%) of the patients, consisted primarily of nausea (32%), tightness and burning (8%), leg cramps (7%), vomiting (6%), and increased blood pressure (5%). The side effects generally resolved spontaneously or with adjustment of the DHE dose and/or adjunct medication, and necessitated withdrawal of therapy in only 2 patients (1 with drug‐related claudication; 1 with somatic complaints of uncertain origin).We conclude that a regimen of repetitive intravenous DHE and metoclopramide can provide rapid relief of chronic intractable headache, and can ameliorate the effects of analgesic and ergot withdrawal in patients with chronic daily headache and rebound associated with overuse of these drugs.
Serotonin S2 Receptors and Migraine: A Study With the Selective Antagonist ICI 169,369
Authors: Davies P.T.G. , Steiner T.J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe report the first use of ICI 169,369, a selective S2 receptor antagonist, in acute and prophylactic treatment of migraine.Ten selected patients documented their migraine attacks over a 2‐month period of open treatment with ICI 169,369, 30 mg orally, for acute therapy. They compared this treatment with others they had experience of. Four of these patients undertook a pharmacokinetic study comparing drug absorption in an acute attack to that when symptom‐free. Prophylaxis was then commenced with the same drug, 30 mg bd. Patients recorded symptoms in diary cards noting the effects of treatment on the usual frequency and severity of their attacks.The pharmacokinetic study showed that drug absorption could be markedly impaired during an acute attack. Nevertheless, in 35 attacks treated acutely, half the patients reported some efficacy apparent to them. One third of patients considered ICI 169,369 to be better treatment on this one occasion than their own usual medication. Some benefit was also noted during prophylaxis. There was a statistically significant reduction in attack frequency from the baseline observed during acute therapy only, but this was arguably compatible with placebo response.S2 receptor antagonism may have some beneficial effect in acute or prophylactic treatment of migraine, but it is not marked and does not support S2 receptor activation being important in its pathogenesis.
Migraine Patients Cognitively Impaired?
Authors: Leijdekkers Marijke L.A. , Passchier Jan , Goudswaard Plona , Menges Laurens J. , Orlebeke Jacobus F. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn order to investigate the hypothesis that migraine has a detrimental effect on cognitive functioning, 37 female migraine patients and 34 nonheadache female controls underwent a battery of neuropsychologic tests. No significant difference in test performance between groups was found. There was no relation between the length of migraine history or medication use and the level of impairment of cognitive abilities. The patient and control groups differed significantly on several self‐report measures known to interfere with performance. Patients reported higher trait and state anxiety levels, higher debilitating anxiety and state depression, and less vigor. Statistical correction for these variables, however, did not result in significant group differences of cognitive performance. The results suggest that the general population of female migraine patients show no indication of cognitive impairment.
Headache Syndromes in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: AI‐Rajeh Saad , Bademosi Olajide , Ismail Hassan , Awada Adnan 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe pattern of headache syndromes in 222 subjects (142 Saudi nationals, 80 non‐Saudis) seen at AI‐Khobar, Saudi Arabia is presented. Headaches were common, and accounted for 13% of all neurological outpatients. They affected mainly young adults, with a peak frequency in the third decade for Saudis and the fourth for non‐Saudis. They were rare in those under 10 and above 50 years old. Among Saudis, females outnumbered males especially in the second and fifth decades, while non‐Saudi males were more frequent than females in all age groups except the second decade.The main types were tension headache (66%) and migraine (22%). Acute/chronic sinusitis was an uncommon cause of headache. Tension headache affected mainly individuals between 21 and 40 years of age (69%). It showed a female preponderance in Saudis aged 11‐20 and above 40 years, unlike the male predilection in non‐Saudis. Migraine showed a definite female predilection only in Saudis in the fourth decade (female to male ratio of 4:1 ). A positive family history for headache was present in 10% of the cases.The major precipitating factor for headaches was stress related to family or working conditions. Other triggers included hunger and prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight.The pattern of headaches in Saudi nationals may be related to the prevalent sociocultural factors, and the differences observed between them and non‐Saudis probably reflect the demographic status of non‐Saudis in the Kingdom as a consequence of governmental recruitment policy.
Is Nimodipine Useful in Migraine Prophylaxis? Further Considerations
Authors: Leone Massimo , Frediani Fabio , Patruno Giorgio , Valentini Sergio , Bussone Gennaro 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISNimodipine is one of the most discussed calcium antagonists used in cerebrovascular diseases and, recently, in migraine prophylaxis. Its specificity in preventing cerebral arterial constriction has been invoked to explain nimodipine's efficacy in migraine. The discovery of neuronal receptors specific for dihydropyridines, however, favours a mechanism of action for nimodipine that is not exclusively vascular. This is in accordance with a view of migraine pathogenesis which implicates a primary neuronal event as the basis of the vascular changes observed in migraine patients.
A Controlled Evaluation of the Addition of Cognitive Therapy to a Home‐Based Biofeedback and Relaxation Treatment of Vascular Headache
Authors: Blanchard Edward B. , Appelbaum Kenneth A. , Nicholson Nancy. L. , Radnitz Cynthia L. , Morrill Belinda , Michultka Denise , Kirsch Cynthia , Hillhouse Joel , Dentinger Mark R 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISSeventy‐six patients with vascular (migraine or mixed migraine and tension) headache (HA) participated in a controlled evaluation of a minimal‐therapist‐contact, largely home‐based, treatment program which combined relaxation (R) training with thermal biofeedback (TBF). One group received TBF+R administered in 3 office visit over 8 weeks, supplemented by audio tapes and manuals. A second group received the TBF + R plus instruction in cognitive stress coping techniques, all of which was administered in 5 office visits over 8 weeks. A third group monitored headache activity for 8 weeks. Evaluations, based on 4 weeks of HA diary at pre‐treatment and after treatment, revealed significantly greater reductions in HA activity and medication consumption for both treated groups than the HA monitoring controls who did not change. Significantly more of the treated patients had clinically significant reductions in HA activity than the controls. The two treated groups did not differ on any measure.
Chronic Cluster Headache Managed by Nervus Intermedius Section
Authors: Rowed David W. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISCluster headache sufferers who become candidates for surgical treatment are those relatively rare patients who are refractory to all attempts at pharmacological relief.Ablative surgical procedures have been directed against either the trigeminal nerve or the nervus intermedius/greater superficial petrosal (NI/GSP) pathway. Both carry nociceptive impulses from the head and face, and the NI also carries parasympathetic fibres which appear to be responsible for the autonomic concomitants of cluster headache.Trigeminal operative procedures are not consistently helpful in chronic cluster headache, while NI section has been shown to give potentially long lasting relief but carries the potential risks of cerebellopontine angle surgery.In eight selected cases of chronic cluster headache we have demonstrated a high early success rate for pain relief, with few complications, in the performance of NI section, combined, when indicated, with microvascular decompression of the trigeminal main sensory root. We believe that cochlear nerve monitoring helps prevent postoperative hearing impairment.An intimate relationship between the NI and arterial loops of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) or the internal auditory artery has been frequently observed in our chronic cluster headache patients.