bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case for activating producers’ rights in discussions on conservation of biodiversity through Geographical Indications
Authors: Saxena Devanshi , Frison Christine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Geographical Indications (GIs) are collective rights granted to a group of producers in a limited geographical area. One of the rationales of GI protection is biodiversity conservation which is rapidly being advanced. However, if the GI fails to value the terroir associated with it, it can risk erosion of bio(cultural)diversity. In this paper, taking lessons from such experiences, we argue for activating producers’ rights in discussions on biodiversity conservation through GIs and for the systematic inclusion of environmental law, which is considered relevant by the producers, in the GI specification. The rationale of sustainability and sustainable development and the integration of the capabilities approach to IP governance is part of our theoretical underpinnings for such an argument. Given the relationship between these concepts, we first explain biodiversity conservation and then situate the role of GIs in this context. Finally, we also differentiate between third-party certifications and eco-labels and GIs. The role of the former can be useful but limited as GIs offer a better opportunity to include producers’ own views. We support our arguments throughout the paper using various examples from secondary empirical research. In practice, we argue for making GI laws, including designing of GI specifications, in a manner that producers’ participation is included by design. Considerations of bio(cultural)diversity should be, by design, a part of GIs to increase their efficiency in fulfilling this rationale of protection. This calls for more interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary engagement from GI scholars as well.
Default property rules for same-gender marriages: equivalence over equality?
Authors: Thijs Hannelore , Verbeke Alain-Laurent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
More and more jurisdictions accept that marriage should be open for all couples, both different and same gender. While this identical application of marriage as an institution is not open for debate, differences between same-gender couples and different-gender couples may have some value as to the precise content of marital property rules. Existing research finds that same-gender couples better represent the modern-day relationship model of equal role distribution, as they pursue a more egalitarian division of household labour and a greater individualization of finances than different-gender couples. Nevertheless, marital property rules have exclusively been shaped by the perspective of and inequalities experienced by (traditional) different-gender couples. The resulting heteronormative rules impose a degree of solidarity and protection that same-gender couples may not desire or need. Through 12 interviews, we carry out a first step in exploring the patrimonial wishes and needs of same-gender couples. We find that multiple interviewees prefer more autonomy during their relationship, while there is a preference to share assets upon a break-up or divorce. Consequently, we argue that a separation-based regime with a participation in the assets accumulated during the relationships offers a more appropriate property regime for same-gender couples than a community-based regime. While additional research is essential, the current findings could already offer arguments in further refining the current default regime for all married couples.
Strategies for optimal sky subtraction in the low surface brightness regime
Authors: Watkins Aaron E , Kaviraj Sugata , Collins Chris C , Knapen Johan H , Kelvin Lee S , Duc Pierre-Alain , Román Javier , Mihos J Christopher 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The low surface brightness (LSB) regime (μg  ≳  26 mag arcsec−2) comprises a vast, mostly unexplored discovery space, from dwarf galaxies to the diffuse interstellar medium. Accessing this regime requires precisely removing instrumental signatures and light contamination, including, most critically, night sky emission. This is not trivial, as faint astrophysical and instrumental contamination can bias sky models at the precision needed to characterize LSB structures. Using idealized synthetic images, we assess how this bias impacts two common LSB-oriented sky-estimation algorithms: (1) masking and parametric modelling, and (2) stacking and smoothing dithered exposures. Undetected flux limits both methods by imposing a pedestal offset to all derived sky models. Careful, deep masking of fixed sources can mitigate this, but source density always imposes a fundamental limit. Stellar scattered light can contribute ∼28–29 mag arcsec−2 of background flux even in low-density fields; its removal is critical prior to sky estimation. For complex skies, image combining is an effective non-parametric approach, although it strongly depends on observing strategy and adds noise to images on the smoothing kernel scale. Preemptive subtraction of fixed sources may be the only practical approach for robust sky estimation. We thus tested a third algorithm, subtracting a preliminary sky-subtracted coadd from exposures to isolate sky emission. Unfortunately, initial errors in sky estimation propagate through all subsequent sky models, making the method impractical. For large-scale surveys like Legacy Survey of Space and Time, where key science goals constrain observing strategy, masking and modelling remain the optimal sky estimation approach, assuming stellar scattered light is removed first.
Stark broadening data for ultraviolet lines of Ni v
Authors: Hamdi Rafik , Sahal-Bréchot Sylvie , Dimitrijević Milan S , Elabidi Haykel 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We provide in this work Stark broadening data (widths and shifts) for 120 ultraviolet spectral lines of Ni v ion. Our calculations are performed using the semiclassical perturbation method. For energy levels and oscillator strength calculations, we use the multiconfiguration Hatree–Fock approach. Stark shifts and widths are calculated for collisions with electrons and with the positive ions: H+, He+, and He++, allowing us to take into account the important perturbers in stellar atmospheres. We compare our Stark widths with estimations obtained using the Cowley formula. Our electron impact Stark widths are also fitted with temperature using a logarithmic formula. Finally, our obtained Stark widths are used to investigate the influence of Stark broadening in the atmospheric conditions of hot DA white dwarfs. Despite the importance of ultraviolet lines of Ni v ion for modelling white dwarf atmospheres and also for investigations of variation of fundamental constants with gravitational potential, we did not find Stark broadening data previously calculated or measured for Ni v ion. The objective of this work is to give the missed data.
Simulations of spin-driven AGN jets in gas-rich galaxy mergers
Authors: Talbot Rosie Y , Sijacki Debora , Bourne Martin A 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
In this work, we use hydrodynamical simulations to explore the effects of kinetic active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet feedback on the progression and outcome of the major merger of two isolated, gas-rich galaxies. We present simulations that use the moving-mesh code arepo to follow the progression of the merger through the first passage and up to the final coalescence, modelling the black holes at the centres of both of the merging galaxies using our prescription for black hole accretion via an α-disc and feedback in the form of a spin-driven jet. We find that the jets drive large-scale, multiphase outflows which launch large quantities of cold gas out to distances greater than 100 kpc and with velocities that reach $\sim 2500 \, {\rm km \, s^{-1}}$. Gas in the outflows that decelerates, cools, and falls back on the galaxies can provide a rich source of fuel for the black hole, leading to intense episodes of jet activity in which the jet can become significantly misaligned. The presence of AGN jets affects the growth of the stellar component: star formation is moderately suppressed at all times during the merger and the peak of the star formation rate, attained during the final coalescence of the galaxies, is reduced by a factor of ∼2. Analysis of simulations such as these will play a central role in making precise predictions for multimessenger investigations of dual radio-AGN, which next-generation observational facilities such as LISA, Athena and SKA will make possible.
What if GW190425 did not produce a black hole promptly?
Authors: Radice David , Ricigliano Giacomo , Bhattacharya Mukul , Perego Albino , Fattoyev Farrukh J , Murase Kohta 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
It is widely believed that the binary neutron star merger GW190425 produced a black hole promptly upon merger. Motivated by the potential association with the fast radio burst FRB 20190425A, which took place 2.5 h after the merger, we revisit the question of the outcome of GW190425 by means of numerical relativity simulations. We show that current laboratory and astrophysical constraints on the equation of state of dense matter do not rule out the formation of a long-lived remnant. However, the formation of a stable remnant would have produced a bright kilonova, in tension with upper limits by ZTF at the location and time of FRB 20190425A. Moreover, the ejecta would have been optically thick to radio emission for days to months, preventing a putative FRB from propagating out. The predicted dispersion measure is also several orders of magnitude larger than that observed for FRB 20190425A. Our results indicate that FRB 20190425A and GW190425 are not associated. However, we cannot completely rule out the formation of a long-lived remnant, due to the incomplete coverage of the relevant sky regions. More observations of GW190425-like events, including potential upper limit, have the potential to constrain nuclear physics. To this aim, it is important that follow-up observational campaigns of gravitational wave events are informed by the properties of the source, such as their chirp mass, and we urge the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration to promptly release them publicly.
Minute-Cadence Observations of the LAMOST Fields with the TMTS: V. Machine Learning Classification of TMTS Catalogues of Periodic Variable Stars
Authors: Guo Fangzhou , Lin Jie , Wang Xiaofeng , Chen Xiaodian , Li Tanda , Chen Liyang , Xia Qiqi , Mo Jun , Xi Gaobo , Zhang Jicheng , Liu Qichun , Jiang Xiaojun , Yan Shengyu , Peng Haowei , Liu Jialian , Li Wenxiong , Lin Weili , Xiang Danfeng , Ma Xiaoran , Cai Yongzhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Periodic variables are always of great scientific interest in astrophysics. Thanks to the rapid advancement of modern large-scale time-domain surveys, the number of reported variable stars has experienced substantial growth for several decades, which significantly deepened our comprehension of stellar structure and binary evolution. The Tsinghua University-Ma Huateng Telescopes for Survey (TMTS) has started to monitor the LAMOST sky areas since 2020, with a cadence of 1 minute. During the period from 2020 to 2022, this survey has resulted in densely sampled light curves for ~30,000 variables of the maximum powers in the Lomb-Scargle periodogram above the 5σ threshold. In this paper, we classified 11,638 variable stars into 6 main types using XGBoost and Random Forest classifiers with accuracies of 98.83% and 98.73%, respectively. Among them, 5301 (45.55%) variables are newly discovered, primarily consisting of δ Scuti stars, demonstrating the capability of TMTS in searching for short-period variables. We cross-matched the catalogue with Gaia’s second Data Release (DR2) and LAMOST’s seventh Data Release (DR7) to obtain important physical parameters of the variables. We identified 5504 δ Scuti stars (including 4876 typical δ Scuti stars and 628 high-amplitude δ Scuti stars), 5899 eclipsing binaries (including EA-, EB- and EW-type) and 226 candidates of RS Canum Venaticorum. Leveraging the metal abundance data provided by LAMOST and the Galactic latitude, we discovered 8 candidates of SX Phe stars within the class of ”δ Scuti stars”. Moreover, with the help of Gaia color-magnitude diagram, we identified 9 ZZ ceti stars.
Variability in the white spot: a new genus and species of Discodorididae (Nudibranchia) from the central and western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Donohoo Samantha A , Gosliner Terrence M 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, a new genus in the nudibranch family Discodorididae, Avaldesia n. gen., is established for Avaldesia albomacula (Chan & Gosliner, 2007) and Avaldesia tahala (Chan & Gosliner, 2007), originally assigned to the genus Thordisa Bergh, 1877, and a new species, Avaldesia tamatoa n. sp., described here from the central Pacific. To establish species relationships within Avaldesia, as well as the placement of Avaldesia within Discodorididae, we utilized four molecular markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, histone H3 and 28S rRNA) in our Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. Four species delimitation methods were complemented by morphological dissections and scanning electron microscopy. Our results reveal a clear separation between Avaldesia and Thordisa and suggest that Avaldesia is more closely related to the genera Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 and Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831. The most characteristic features of Avaldesia include a radula with increasing denticulation towards the fimbriate outermost laterals and a reproductive system with a lobate vestibular gland, occasional hollow vestibular spine and a penis armed with one or more penial spines. All species of Avaldesia are found in shallow water (5–10 m depth) on rocky reefs, sandy sediments and algal fields with distributions across the Indo-Pacific.
Keep your eyes healthy: eat organic food
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Beltramim Larissa , Bombardi Larissa M , de Almeida Antonio-Carlos G , Scorza Fulvio A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This letter is a comment on the 2023 article entitled “Effect of xanthophyll-rich food and supplement intake on visual outcomes in healthy adults and those with eye disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials,” recently published in Nutrition Reviews, by Hu et al.
Hepatitis Delta Virus Reporting Requirements in the United States and Territories: A Systematic Review
Authors: Assadi-Rad Milaveh , Acosta Brenda E , Hesterman Matthew C , Fallon Braden S , Hill Rachel L , Farnsworth Ethan W , Barbeau Bree , Vilven Dede , Lynch Keisa M , Weller Melodie L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a rare coinfection with hepatitis B virus. Currently, HDV is not a nationally notifiable disease in the United States. Only 55% of states and territories require HDV reporting, and most lack defined case definitions. Standardization of reporting requirements is crucial for monitoring HDV epidemiology.
Identity and Extensionality in Boffa Set Theory
Authors: Maia Nuno , Nizzardo Matteo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Boffa non-well-founded set theory allows for several distinct sets equal to their respective singletons, the so-called ‘Quine atoms’. Rieger contends that this theory cannot be a faithful description of set-theoretic reality. He argues that, even after granting that there are non-well-founded sets, ‘the extensional nature of sets’ precludes numerically distinct Quine atoms. In this paper we uncover important similarities between Rieger’s argument and how non-rigid structures are conceived within mathematical structuralism. This opens the way for an objection against Rieger, whilst affording the theoretical resources for a defence of Boffa set theory as a faithful description of set-theoretic reality.
Biologically generated turbulent energy flux in shear flow depends on tensor geometry
Authors: Si Xinyu , Fang Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It has been proposed that biologically generated turbulence plays an important role in material transport and ocean mixing. Both experimental and numerical studies have reported evidence of the nonnegligible mixing by moderate Reynolds number swimmers, such as zooplankton, in quiescent water, especially at aggregation scales. However, the interaction between biologically generated agitation and the background flow, as a key factor in biologically generated turbulence that could reshape our previous knowledge of biologically generated turbulence, has long been ignored. Here, we show that the geometry between the biologically generated agitation and the background hydrodynamic shear can determine both the intensity and direction of biologically generated turbulent energy flux. Measuring the migration of a centimeter-scale swimmer—as represented by the brine shrimp Artemia salina—in a shear flow and verifying through an analog experiment with an artificial jet revealed that different geometries between the biologically generated agitation and the background shear can result in spectral energy transferring toward larger or smaller scales, which consequently intensifies or attenuates the large-scale hydrodynamic shear. Our results suggest that the long ignored geometry between the biologically generated agitation and the background flow field is an important factor that should be taken into consideration in future studies of biologically generated turbulence.
Loss of synaptopodin impairs mGluR5 and protein synthesis–dependent mGluR-LTD at CA3-CA1 synapses
Authors: Wu Pei You , Ji Linjia , De Sanctis Claudia , Francesconi Anna , Inglebert Yanis , McKinney R Anne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) is an important form of synaptic plasticity that occurs in many regions of the central nervous system and is the underlying mechanism for several learning paradigms. In the hippocampus, mGluR-LTD is manifested by the weakening of synaptic transmission and elimination of dendritic spines. Interestingly, not all spines respond or undergo plasticity equally in response to mGluR-LTD. A subset of dendritic spines containing synaptopodin (SP), an actin-associated protein is critical for mGluR-LTD and protects spines from elimination through mGluR1 activity. The precise cellular function of SP is still enigmatic and it is still unclear how SP contributes to the functional aspect of mGluR-LTD despite its modulation of the structural plasticity. In this study, we show that the lack of SP impairs mGluR-LTD by negatively affecting the mGluR5-dependent activity. Such impairment of mGluR5 activity is accompanied by a significant decrease of surface mGluR5 level in SP knockout (SPKO) mice. Intriguingly, the remaining mGluR-LTD becomes a protein synthesis-independent process in the SPKO and is mediated instead by endocannabinoid signaling. These data indicate that the postsynaptic protein SP can regulate the locus of expression of mGluR-LTD and provide insight into our understanding of spine/synapse-specific plasticity.
Relation Between Pole and Running Masses of Heavy Quarks Using the Principle of Maximum Conformality
Authors: Salinas-Arizmendi Daniel , Schmidt Iván 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The relation of the pole and running heavy quark masses of the order of $\mathcal {O}\left(\alpha _s^4\right)$ in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) can be obtained using the principle of maximum conformality (PMC), a formalism that provides a rigorous method for eliminating renormalization scale and scheme ambiguities for observables in pQCD. Using PMC, optimal renormalization scale for the heavy quark mass ratio is determined, independent of the renormalization scale and scheme up to order $\alpha _s^4$. Precise values are then obtained for the PMC pole masses of the heavy quarks $M_b^{\text{PMC}}=4.86^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$ GeV, $M_t^{\text{PMC}}=172.3\pm 0.6$ GeV, and the running mass $\overline{m}_t^{\text{PMC}}=162.6\pm 0.7$ GeV at the PMC scale.
Add-on Sodium Benzoate and N-Acetylcysteine in Patients With Early Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Feasibility Trial
Authors: Husain Muhammad Omair , Chaudhry Imran Bashir , Khoso Ameer B , Husain Muhammad Ishrat , Ansari Moin Ahmed , Mehmood Nasir , Naqvi Haider A , Nizami Asad Tamizuddin , Talib Uroosa , Rajput Aatir H , Bassett Paul , Foussias George , Deakin Bill , Husain Nusrat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Oxidative stress pathways may play a role in schizophrenia through direct neuropathic actions, microglial activation, inflammation, and by interfering with NMDA neurotransmission. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia, however, results from trials of other compounds targeting NMDA neurotransmission have been mixed. This may reflect poor target engagement but also that risk mechanisms act in parallel. Sodium Benzoate (NaB) could have an additive with NAC to act on several pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia.

Study Design
A multicenter, 12 weeks, 2 × 2 factorial design, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial of NaB and NAC added to standard treatment in 68 adults with early schizophrenia. Primary feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, and completion of assessments as well as acceptability of the study interventions. Psychosis symptoms, functioning, and cognitive assessments were also assessed.

Study Results
We recruited our desired sample (n = 68) and retained 78% (n = 53) at 12 weeks, supporting the feasibility of recruitment and retention. There were no difficulties in completing clinical outcome schedules. Medications were well tolerated with no dropouts due to side effects. This study was not powered to detect clinical effect and as expected no main effects were found on the majority of clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
We demonstrated feasibility of conducting a clinical trial of NaB and NAC. Given the preliminary nature of this study, we cannot draw firm conclusions about the clinical efficacy of either agent, and a large-scale trial is needed to examine if significant differences between treatment groups emerge.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03510741.