bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P116The role of fetal echocardiography and detailed sonography in the prenatal diagnosis of the Edward's syndrome (analysis of the 30 cases)
Authors: Kaczmarek P. , Janiak K. , Krasoń A. , Nowicki G. , Czichos E. , Respondek‐Liberska M. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim of this study a retrospective analysis from the video tapes fetuses with trisomy 18 (Edward's syndrome) who had detailed sonography and echocardiography.MethodBetween 1994 and 2000 at our Department 30 cases of trisomy 18 were diagnosed.ResultsEvery fetus presented with congenital anomalies. The most common were: intrauterine growth retardation (96%) and fetal congenital heart defects (92%).ConclusionThe ‘genetic sonography’ including fetal echocardiography allows a strong ‘suspicion’ of trisomy 18, which later can be confirmed by cytogenetic analysis.
P12High sensitivity of routine ultrasound scan at 20–24 weeks for detection of fetal anomalies
Authors: Cha S. C. , Toma O. T. , Braia G. , Carvalho M.B. , Pedreira D. L. 
Published: March 2003

AimTo emphasize importance of experienced sonographer for detection of fetal anomalies.Materials and method2726 routine scans were performed at 20–24 weeks for the detection of fetal anomalies between February 1997 and May 2000. All scans were performed by five sonographers with more than 10 years' experience and the duration of scan examination was 30–60 min. The scan protocol included not only visualization of fetal structures but also besides classical fetal biometry, we performed additional measurement of fetal structures such as cerebellar distance, ocular, cysterna magna, nuchal fold, length of nose bone, atrium of lateral ventricule, cardiac and toracic area, renal pelvis, iliac angle, relation feet/femur length, length of femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius and ulna.ResultsUltrasound scans were able to detect 67 anomalies in a total of 74 malformations observed at delivery. The sensitivity of the method when performed by a highly skilled sonographer is 90%. A total of 7 anomalies were not diagnosed by ultrasound at 20–24 weeks, including 2 esophageal atresia with distal fistula and 5 perimembranous interventricular communication.ConclusionsUltrasound scanning for fetal anomalies is highly sensitive when performed by highly skilled sonographers. However, minor cardiac malformations for a low risk population is still the challenge for sonographers.
P123Congenital complete heart block. Prenatal diagnosis and successful fetal therapy
Authors: García C. , Lagos N. , Pazols R. , Carrasco M. , Hoffmann I. , Toledo P. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveCongenital complete heart block (CCHB) affects 1:20.000 live births. This condition reappears in 18–24% of future pregnancys. 50% of the fetuses have a structural cardiac anomalies. It may present isolated or in mothers with autoinmune disease, or positive anti‐Ro (SSA) and anti‐La (SSB) antibodies. Our purpose is to show the improvement in perinatal outcome using 2D echocardiografy and foetal Doppler to diagnose CCHB in the prenatal period.Case reportWe present a 36‐year‐old female patient with 2 previous stillborns due to CCHB. She was positive for anti SSA and anti SSB antibodies and was evaluated for the first time at 22 weeks of her third pregnancy. An Echography showed foetal hydrops, and echocardiography showed an anatomically normal heart, with a complete heart block. The atrial rate was 120/min. and the ventricular rate was 60/min. Treatment was started with dexametasone 4 mg/day, salbutamol 12 mg/day and Sandoglubulin (Novartis) 400 mg/kg.Following sonographys showed resolution of fetal hydrops, improvement in cardiac function and cardiac rates. Cesarian section at 34 weeks, newborn 2420 g. At day 7 a permanent pacemaker was implanted.ConclusionsFetal echocardiography is the best method to diagnose and treat CCHB in the prenatal period. The use of glucocorticoids, betamimetics and immunoglobulins has shown to be of benefit.
P135Endometrial thickness ultrasound evaluation and its variations
Authors: Santos F. F. A. , Machado M. R. M. , Dertkigil M. S. J. , Marussi E. F. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in endometrial thickness considering years since the last menstrual bleeding, abnormal vaginal bleeding and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). It was also studied the histological diagnosis.MethodEndometrial thickness (ET) was measured in 100 postmenopausal women by pelvic and/or transvaginal US, that had gone to routine examinations.ResultsThe mean age was 61.5 years (± 9.3) and the mean menopausal age was 48 years (± 5). Forty percent was under HTR and abnormal vaginal bleeding was present in 13% of the patients. Endometrial thickness in patient with 5 or less years since menopause was 5.5 mm (± 0.9) and 4.3 mm (± 0.5 mm) in those with 6 or more years. Patients under HTR the mean thickness was 5.07 mm (± 5.6) and without HTR was 4.35 mm (± 3.9). Women with abnormal bleeding had mean endometrium of 6.9 mm (± 6.2), against 4.2 (± 4.3) from assyntomatic patients. The histological diagnosis from patients with ET ≥ 6 mm were: endometrial polyps (9); endometrial cancer (1); proliferative endometrium (1); submucous mioma (1) and endometrial atrophy (1). All histological studies from patients with bleeding and ET < 6 mm showed atrophic endometrium.ConclusionsThe ET had no significant statistical variation when analised time since menopause and use of HRT. All patients with bleeding and ET < 6 mm had endometrial atrophy. 85% (11/13) patients with ET ≥ 6 mm had pathological finds in histological study, including one endometrial cancer.
P136Color flow mapping and Dopplerometry of myometrial and endometrial arteries in patients with hyperplasia and polyps
Authors: Fedorova E. V. , Lipman A. D. , Khokhlova I. D. , Pobedinski N. M. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim is to investigate the influence of the benign hyperplastic process of endometrium over the uterine blood flow resistance.MethodThe transvaginal ultrasound with Color Flow Mapping and Dopplerometry was used for examination of 90 patients (28 with hyperplasia, 30 with glandular and 32 with fibroid polyps) and of 30 healthy women (in 1st phase of menstrual cycle). Arteries visualization rate and values of Doppler indices for myometrial (the main uterine, arcuate, radial) and endometrial (basal, spiral) vessels were assessed.ResultsThe main uterine and arcuate arteries were visualized in all cases. As crossing from feeding uterine vessels deeper to the endometrium, the tendency of reduction possibility of its visualization was marked. That probably corresponds with reduction of arteries size. The resistance indices were:

Healthy
Hyperplasia
Glandular  polyps
Fibroid  polyps

Uterine arteries
0.88
0.81
0.83
0.83

Arcuate arteries
0.78
0.75
0.73
0.73

Radial arteries
0.71
0.68
0.67
0.63

Basal arteries
0.57
0.52
0.51
0.52

Spiral arteries
–
0.53
0.50
–

Polyp arteries

0.58
0.49

ConclusionBenign hyperplastic process of endometrium was accompanied by lowering Doppler indices values in all arteries in comparison with normal condition, that show intensification of the blood supply.
P151Transvaginal ultrasonography in detection of cervical incompetency
Authors: Podobnik M. , Podgajski M. , Ciglar S. , Gebauer B. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between transvaginal ultrasound cervical changes and pregnancy outcome in women at risk of cervical incompetency and preterm delivery.MethodIn 100 pregnancies with clinical and ultrasonic signs of cervical incompetency, the length of the cervix, the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment and the width of the endocervical canal have been evaluated ultrasonically. These parameters were followed longitudinally from the 10th to 36th gestational week in the healthy pregnancies and pregnancies at risk of cervical incompetency and preterm delivery.ResultsIn patients from 10 weeks to 14 weeks the cervix is significantly longer than in the 25–36 week group and the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment in the 10–14 week group is significantly thicker than in the 20–36 week group. In pregnancies at risk of cervical incompetency, cervical lengths and wall thickness were significantly different from those in comparable controls. Forty‐five percent of the patients in the at‐risk group, with cervical cerclage, delivered at 37.5 weeks and 8.5% of pregnancies ended in abortion when the amnictic membrane herniated into the cervical canal. The frequencies of preterm delivery were 60%, 38% and 15% for cervical lengths of < 10 mm, 10–20 mm and 20–30 mm.ConclusionA shortened cervix with decreased thickness of the anterior wall of lower uterine segment and dilatated endocervical canal shows a strong association with cervical incompetency and preterm birth.
P152Post‐cesarean sonographic evaluation of subfascial hematoma in Joel‐Cohen and pfannenstiel laparotomies: 5 years of experience
Authors: Malvasi A. , Baldini D. , Traina V. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundIn this prospective randomized study, some elements of morbidity between Joel‐Cohen laparotomy (J.‐C.‐l.) and Pfannenstiel laparotomy (P.‐l.) have been evaluated. Using transabdominal sonography pathologic subfascial hematomas have been searched for in 258 cesarean section (c.s.) with J.‐C.l. and in 292 c.s. with P.l. We've examined 238 first c.s. (83.50%) and 47 repeat c.s. (16.49%) carried out through J.‐C.l., while 253 first c.s. (86.05%) and 39 repeat (13.26%) through P.l.ResultThe abdominal wall of the patients who underwent c.s. was examined sonographically on the 3rd and 10th postoperative day, considering anechogenic areas, with clear wall, with interior echoes, both subfascial with a diameter more than 3 centimetres long. At c.s. through J.C.l. we have observed 3 subfascial hematomas (1.75%) (2 surgical treatment) compared to 5 (2.72%) through P.l., (3 surgical treatment) with no statistical significancy. On the contrary statistically significant differences have been observed whith regard to opening and closing time of abdominal wall; 4.9 min for J.‐C.l. and 14.7 min for P.l. (P < 0.05), as all operating time.ConclusionIn conclusion, in our clinical and sonographic experience, at first c.s. P.l. does not cause a greater formation of abdominal wall hematomas compared to J.‐C.l. as Stark refers, it is clear that surgical and anaesthesiological time lengthens, suture materials increase with P.l. At repeat c.s. stretching is not always easy, because of the cicatricial condition of the muscles besides an exaggerate manipulation of the tissues may favour subfascial hematomas. In the J.‐C.l. the subfascial‐hematoma occurs the blood invades the peritoneal cavity changing the clinical and sonographic situation compared to classic subfascial hematoma with closed peritoneum.
P19Evaluation of fetal lung maturity by the gray level histogram width
Authors: Serizawa M. , Maeda K. 
Published: March 2003

Maeda has normalized gray level histogram width (GLHW) of fetal lung and liver. The fetal lung GLHW was less than 30% and smaller than the liver in 24–29 weeks. However the fetal lung GLHW was similar to the liver and over 30% after 30 weeks. We suggest this change of GLHW have relation to fetal lung maturity.MethodThe histogram was described with Aloka SSD‐1200, the 1250pixels were set at fetal lung and liver. GLHW is obtained by the histogram base length is divided by the full gray scale length. The 10 fetuses lung and liver were recorded in 24–31 weeks, and amniotic fluid samplings by transvaginal or amniocentesis were examined microbubble test. They were delivered during 1–3 days later, we diagnosed RDS or nonRDS by clinically.ResultThe GLHW of fetal lung/liver was 32.45/34.03 in 5 fetuses less than 10 microbubble rate and nonRDS (Group 1), no significant difference. The GLHW of fetal lung/liver was 30.23/34.44 in 5 fetuses over 10 microbubble rate and RDS (Group 2), significant difference (PÅÅ0.016). The fetal lung GLHW was no significant difference in group 1 and 2 (32.45/30.23) (P = 0.064), however, in the over 30 fetal lung GLHW, 5 were nonRDS and 2 were RDS, in less than 30 fetal lung GLHW, all are RDS, significant difference (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe fetus of fetal lung GLHW is smaller than liver and less than 30 is almost RDS, the case of fetal lung GLHW is larger than liver and over 30 is almost nonRDS.
P29The effectiveness of antenatal ultrasound in the detection of facial clefts
Authors: Cash C. , Set P. , Coleman N. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of antenatal ultrasound in the detection of facial clefts in a low risk screening population.DesignThis retrospective study covered a five year period from January 1993 to December 1997. From the study of antenatal, postnatal surgical and pathological records, a complete number of second trimestre fetuses with a cleft defect was identified. Correlation was made with the routine 18–20 week anomaly ultrasound examination in order to assess accuracy of diagnosis.ResultsAfter necessary exclusions there were 26 fetuses with cleft defects out of 23 577 live and stillbirths. The defect was detected in 17 of these 26 cases (65%). In 12 of these 17 (70.5%) the antenatal diagnosis was completely accurate, in the remaining 5 cases part of the defect was not detected.ConclusionIn a low risk population it is possible to detect approximately two thirds of all fetuses with a cleft lip or palate. With the increasing emphasis on clinical governance, this study helps to set an achievable standard.
P45Amnioinfusion and CFM in prenatal diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis
Authors: Ferianec V. , Holá M. , Pohlodek K. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundAbsence of ureteral bud formation during embryogenesis causes bilateral renal agenesis and occurs approximately 1:4000–5000 births. Severe oligohydramnios causes difficulties in apparent visualization. To improve the sonographic conditions the amnioinfusion and CFM of the renal arteries permits the accurate diagnosis.MethodsWe present the case report of 18 weeks' gestation fetus. Sonography was extremely difficult because of anhydramnion, but fetal cardiac arrhythmia was confirmed and congenital renal agenesis was suspected. In order to facilitate visualization transabdominal amnioinfusion – instillation of cca 350 ml saline solution was successfully performed.ResultsAfter amnioinfusion fetal cardiac arrhythmia disappeared, fetal movements appeared. Amnioinfusion enhanced sonografic resolution of renal fossae, which confirmed bilateral renal agenesis and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. CFM did not confirm renal arteriae in abdominal part of aorta.ConclusionTechnique of transabdominal amnioinfusioin enable to define the specific cause of severe oligohydramnios or anhydramnios. Improvement in vizualisation after this procedure is very important for exact final diagnosis which can be enhanced by CFM.
P05Use of prognostic biophysical test in the prediction of spontaneous abortion risk in early pregnancy
Authors: Błaszczyk K. , Wojcieszyn M. , Łukasik A. , Biemat M. , Porqba R. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to introduce Prognostic Biophysical Test (PBT) in ultrasound diagnostic practice to evaluate spontaneous abortion risk in the first trimester of pregnancy. PBT consists of 3 routine USG parameters estimated together: Crown Rump Length and Yolk Sac (YS) measurement and visualization of Fetal Heart Rate (FHR).MethodUSG examination with, 7.0 MHz transvaginal Bruel & Kjaer transducer was performed in 199 pregnant women between 5 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. YS diameter and cram‐rump length were measured and compared to nomograms. FHR presence or absence was stated. PBT score was 1 point for correct value off each parameter, and 0 for incorrect one. PBT score of 3–2 points were considered to be good prognostic value, 0–1 points as poor prognostic value. PBT results were compared with pregnancy outcome.ResultsPBT allowed prediction of spontaneous abortion with a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 67%, false positive of 33%, false negative of 3% and positive predictive value of 72%.ConclusionThe test called by the authors PBT seems to be a simple and sensitive option in prediction of spontaneous abortion risk in the first trimester of pregnancy using ultrasound examination.
Chromosomopathies P62First trimester ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency thickness in predicting chromosomal abnormalities. I. Normal ranges of nuchal translucency thickness
Authors: Sieroszewski P. , Suzin J. , Surkont G. , Karowicz‐Biliñska A. 
Published: March 2003

Objective1. To establish the usefulness of nuchal thickness to predict chromosomal abnormality.I. Normal ranges of nuchal translucency thickness.Design and methodsAfter evaluating detailed length of pregnancy NT was measured. We included pregnancies which resulted in healthy borned babies.Results715 ultrasouns exams were performed between 9 and 15 weeks of normal pregnancy. Mean NT value in 9th week was 1.37 mm, in 15th week – 3.09 mm (P < 0.005).Conclusions1. There is an increase in NT measurement with the progress of pregnancy.The project is ongoing (KBN nr 4 P05E 01817 i 4 P05E 05116).
P71Isolated choroid plexus cysts: a controversial morphologic sonographic marker for chromosomal abnormalities. Our experience in seven years (1993–1999)
Authors: Totaro P. , Malvasi A. , Caringella G. , Baldini D. , Traina V. , Chiella M. 
Published: March 2003

First reported by Chudleigh and colleagues in 1984 and considered ‘benign transient findings with no harmful sequelae’, an association between choroid plexus cysts and trisomy 18 was described by several following publications. Later on further studies have also suggested a significant risk for other chromosomal abnormalities, trisomy 21 in particular, so that literature data report an association between choroid plexus cysts and chromosomal abnormalities in about 8% of cases, more specifically in 1% if isolated and in 46% if associated with other malformations. As a consequence there are now different opinions on clinical significance and management, with some authors advocating karyotyping and others not. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of choroid plexus cysts in an unselected population and describe their association with aneuploidy. In the years 1993–99 a total of 10743 women from an unselected population attending a routine second‐trimester scanning were studied. Everyone underwent a detailed assessment of fetal anatomy by transabdominal sonography. In this period there were 27 fetuses in which choroid plexus cysts were the only sonographic abnormality, giving an incidence of 0.25% (in literature between 0.2 and 3.6%). Karyotyping was performed in only 12 cases, 11 normal and one trisomy 18. At birth the other 15 fetuses were normal. The incidence of aneuploidy was 3.70% (in according with literature review). We did not found association with other chromosomal abnormalities, trisomy 21 in particular. In the majority of cases the final risk remains small, but the presence of choroid plexus cysts increases the risk for aneuploidy, mainly trisomy 18. A need for further and wide studies about soft morphologic sonographic markers it’s necessary to better define their association with chromosomal abnormalities and as a consequence to better select the patients who need karyotyping, not underestimating that they appear in a large percentage of normal fetuses.To combine all the well‐known parameters (maternal and gestational age, serum biochemical screening, soft markers and nuchal translucency) seems to be the better way to adjust the risk of trisomy 21 and that of other chromosomal abnormalities, taking their different natural history into consideration.
Second and third trimester Doppler P75Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in low risk nulliparous women
Authors: Daskalakis G. , Paouleskou D. , Kitmirides S. , Papantoniou N. , Mesogitis S. , Antsaklis A. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess how placental position and gestational age can influence the value of a diastolic notch of the uterine arteries as a screening test for pre‐eclampsia, in a low risk population of healthy nulliparous women.MethodsColor Doppler ultrasound was used to examine both uterine arteries in 654 healthy nulliparas at four‐weekly intervals between 20 and 32 weeks (wks). The only criterion for an abnormal result was the presence of an early diastolic notch. In each subject the placental position was also recorded.ResultsTwenty‐one out of 654 women developed pre‐eclampsia (3.2%). The sensitivity of the test becomes lower as gestational age advances and ranged from 81% at 20 wks, to 71.4% at 32 wks. In contrast the specificity and positive predictive value increase significantly. Eleven out of 12 women who delivered before 34 wks had abnormal waveforms at 24 wks. In women with a full lateral placenta the predictive value of the test was extremely low.ConclusionPre‐eclampsia can be more accurately predicted if along with the presence of a notch, both gestational age and placental position are taken into account.
P78Second trimester uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in the prediction of poor perinatal outcome
Authors: Muñoz H. , Veloso D. , Leible S. , Jankelevich J. , Vonmullenbrock R. , Puga M. , Villa S. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe patients with an increase of resistance of uterine arteries in second trimester has between 5 and 8 times increased the risk of presenting adverse perinatal outcome. The objective is to evaluate the utility of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in the prediction of poor perinatal outcome.MethodWe performed a prospective study, in 512 consecutives pregnant women between 22 and 24 +6 weeks of pregnancy. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry was done in all patients using color Doppler duplex technique. The presence of notch or resistance index over 95 centile was defined as abnormal. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as presence of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery before 34 weeks of pregnancy. For statistical analysis non parametrics test and meta analisis model was used.ResultsUterine artery Doppler velocimetry was carried out in 512 patients, 198 was delivered. Resistance index was significantly higher in poor perinatal outcome group than in normal perinatal outcome group (Pulsatility index 1.38 vs. 0.9; P < 0.001). The relative risk of presenting adverse perinatal outcome was 3.8 times higher in patients with abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry compared with those that has normal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry (ic 95%; 1.8–7.7; P < 0.0006).Conclusion.Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry evaluated in the second trimester of pregnancy is able to identify high risk patients of poor perinatal outcome.
P87Cardiotocography in pregnancies with absent or reversed end‐diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery: a mathematical model for estimating the probability for fetal acidosis at birth
Authors: Yamamoto R. M. , Francisco R. P. V. , Chuba C. C. , Miyadahira S. , Zugaib M. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundA study of cardiotocographic (CTG) variables and acidosis at birth (umbilical arterial pH < 7.20) in AREDV.MethodsThe last CTGs of 127 AREDV cases were studied. The variables analyzed by the Logistic Regression model were: baseline, accelerations, variability (variab.), sinusoidal pattern, bradycardia, late and variable (var.) decelerations (mild, moderate and severe).ResultsThe maximum likelihood estimates are shown below:

Variable
Parameter  estimate
Standard  error
P
Odds  ratio

Intercept
−2.1210
2.0741
0.3065
–

GA (weeks)
0.0329
0.0654
0.6150
1.033

variab. 5–9 bpm
0.5987
0.5118
0.2421
1.820

Variab. < 5 bpm
1.9443
0.7576
0.0103
6.989

Late decel.
1.4429
0.4823
0.0028
4.233

Mild var. decel.
−0.4138
0.5239
0.4296
0.661

Mod. var. decel.
−0.2440
0.6991
0.7271
0.783

Sev. var. decel.
1.2156
0.6260
0.0522
3.372

ConclusionThe results made it possible to develop a mathematical model for estimating the probability of acidosis at birth, through the analysis of cardiotocographic variables.