bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between radiographic alveolar bone height and probing attachment level: data from healthy post‐menopausal women
Authors: Pilgram Thomas K. , Hildebolt Charles F. , Yokoyama‐Crothers Naoko , Dotson Mary , Cohen Sheldon C. , Hauser Jay F. , Kardaris Eugenia 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To determine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between radiographic alveolar bone height and probing attachment level in a population of healthy postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods:The 81 patients in this report were part of a prospective estrogen replacement interventional study. All patients were in good oral health at entry and received annual oral prophylaxis as part of the study. Standard probing measurements were made with a pressure sensitive probe at 6 sites on each tooth. Vertical bitewing radiographs were digitized, and 6 linear measurements corresponding to probing‐site measurements were made from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest. These procedures were performed at baseline and at annual intervals for three years. Data were analyzed both by site and by patient.Results: Moderately strong correlations were found between cross‐sectional measurements of probing attachment height and radiographic bone height. Correlations were stronger for patient data (r=0.44–0.61) than for site data (r=0.19–0.36). No relationships were found between longitudinal changes in alveolar bone height and attachment level in either the site data (r=−0.10–0.04), or the patient data (r=−0.005–0.10).Conclusion: Healthy patients may experience sporadic, temporary changes in attachment level or alveolar bone height which are resolved without one affecting the other.
Diffuse but unilateral gingival enlargement associated with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis
Authors: Bekisz Oleg , Darimont Frédérique , Rompen Eric H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: An 8‐year old girl was referred for diagnosis and treatment to the Department of Periodontology – Oral Surgery of the University Hospital of Liège with an unusual clinical situation: a major, non‐inflammatory, diffuse but unilateral enlargement of the interproximal, marginal and attached gingiva around all teeth of the right side of both the upper maxilla and mandible, whereas the alveolar process of the left side of upper and lower arches appeared strictly normal.Method: The clinical examination showed delayed eruption of some permanent teeth in the 1st and 4th quadrants. Except for its asymmetric occurrence, this gingival enlargement strongly resembled phenytoin‐induced enlargement or gingival fibromatosis. This unilateral expression was evocative of a vascular or neurologic pathology. Several large “café‐au‐lait” spots were found disseminated on the body. Several selective surgical removals of thick gingival caps impairing the eruption of some permanent teeth were performed, and the removed tissues were histologically analyzed.Results: Because of the presence of the large “café‐au‐lait” spots, a clinical diagnosis of Von Recklinghausen's disease was given and later confirmed several times by the histological analysis of the gingival biopsies. Now, 6 years later, this gingival enlargement due to the development of intra‐gingival neurofibromas is stable and all permanent teeth have had a normal eruption, but alveolar bone growth has been partly impaired by the presence of the tumor.Conclusions: The present case of unilateral diffuse hyperplasia is a unique clinical expression of neurofibromatosis type I, a slowly evolving neurodermic dysplasia.
The periodontal abscess (I). Clinical and microbiological findings
Authors: Herrera David , Roldán Silvia , González Iciar , Sanz Mariano 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: Little information is available regarding the diagnosis and microbiology of periodontal abscesses. The aim of this descriptive clinical and microbiological study was to provide more information in order to help in the characterisation of the periodontal abscess associated to periodontitis.Method: 29 consecutive patients with a periodontal abscess were studied by the assessment of clinical variables, including both subjective (pain, edema, redness and swelling) and objective (bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility and cervical lymphadenopathy) parameters. Microbiological samples were taken for anaerobic microbiology and processed by means of culture. Systemic involvement was also studied through the analysis of blood and urine samples using conventional laboratory standards.Results: 62% of the abscesses affected untreated periodontitis patients, and 69% were associated with a molar tooth. More than 75% of the abscesses had moderate‐severe scores related to edema, redness and swelling, and 90% of the patients reported pain. Bleeding occurred in all abscesses, while suppuration on sampling was detected in 66%. Mean associated pocket depth was 7.28 mm, and 79% of teeth presented some degree of mobility. Cervical lymphadenopathy was seen in 10% of patients, while elevated leucocyte counts were observed in 31.6%. The absolute number of neutrophils was elevated in 42% of the patients. High prevalences of putative periodontal pathogens were found, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Bacteroides forsythus.Conclusions: The periodontal abscess has clear clinical characteristics and is usually associated with severe periodontal destruction. This condition may cause systemic involvement and the lesion generally has a large bacterial mass with a high prevalence of well‐recognised periodontal pathogens.
Alveolar bone loss in type 1 diabetic subjects
Authors: Tervonen Tellervo , Karjalainen Kaisa , Knuuttila Matti , Huumonen Sisko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim, background:The aim of this study was to assess the degree of marginal alveolar bone loss in a group of young subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (n=35, age range 24–36 years) and age‐matched non‐diabetic control subjects (n=10).Method: The diabetic group was divided into 3 subgroups (D1, D2, D3) according to the severity of the diabetic state. The level of alveolar bone was measured on panoramic radiographs of maxillary and mandibular molars as the % of the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) and the bone crest along the total length of the root. All mesial and distal sites with a distance of >15% (BL>15%) were picked, and calculations were performed using the individual %s of sites with BL>15%.Results: Based on the present findings, we conclude that type 1 DM has a modifying effect on marginal loss of alveolar bone. A clear trend towards increased marginal bone loss was seen in the subjects with complicated DM (D3). The subjects with good metabolic control and no complications of DM (D1) are no more susceptible to marginal bone loss than non‐diabetic controls of the same age.Conclusions: The present findings confirm our previous results on increased loss of periodontal support in subjects with complicated DM already at an early age.
A prospective longitudinal study on periodontal bone height changes in a Swedish population
Authors: Hugoson Anders , Laurell Lars 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: This investigation was performed to assess longitudinal changes in periodontal bone height in an adult population over a period of 17 years.Methods: In 1973, a random sample of 1000 individuals aged 3–70 years in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, was examined clinically and radiographically to assess dental status and treatment needs. Out of the 574 dentate individuals 15–60 years, 433 accepted the invitation and were re‐examined in 1989–91, 4 were edentulous and the study therefore finally included 429 dentate individuals. The examination included full mouth plaque and gingivitis scores and bone height measurements on full mouth intra‐oral radiographs. All age groups except the youngest had very good oral hygiene with 50% or more having plaque and gingivitis scores below 20%.Results: From the age of 20, there was a general pattern of bone height reduction over time corresponding to an annual loss of around 0.1 mm. From the age of 30 years, about 80% of the population had one or more sites with bone loss of 10% or more. Very few individuals, about 5%, exhibited an individual mean bone loss of 2 mm or more. 17% had 6 such sites indicating destructive periodontal disease. These individuals and sites could not be identified in advance based only on previous disease experience.
Effects of hormonal contraceptives on the periodontium, in a population of rural Sri‐Lankan women
Authors: Tilakaratne A. , Soory M. , Ranasinghe A. W. , Corea S. M. X. , Ekanayake S. L. , De Silva M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAims: Women using hormonal contraceptives can be considered to be a ‘risk group’ for periodontal disease, due to prolonged, sustained serum levels of oestrogens and progesterone. This investigation aims to study the effects of hormonal contraceptives on periodontal tissues.Methods: 32 women using hormonal contraceptives for less than 2 years, 17 for 2–4 years and a matched control group of 39 non‐users were selected for the study. They were clinically examined for plaque levels (plaque index: PLI), gingival condition (gingival index: GI) and loss of periodontal attachment (LA).Results: Contraceptive users of less than 2 years and 2–4 years duration (n=32, n=17 repectively) and non‐users (n=39) had similar oral hygiene levels; yet the contraceptive users had a significantly higher level of gingival inflammation, compared to the non‐users (p<0.001; 1‐way ANOVA). Usage of hormonal contraceptives for 2–4 years (n=17) caused a significantly higher LA (p<0.001) compared to that of controls (n=39).Conclusions: Usage of contraceptive preparations containing oestrogen and progesterone resulted in hormonal changes similar to those seen in pregnancy, associated with increased prevalence of gingivitis. There was significantly higher LA with prolonged usage of hormonal contraceptives, compared with controls.
Periodontal disease status during pregnancy and 3 months post‐partum, in a rural population of Sri‐Lankan women
Authors: Tilakaratne A. , Soory M. , Ranasinghe A. W. , Corea S. M. X. , Ekanayake S. L. , De Silva M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of pregnancy on the periodontium, in a rural population of Sri‐Lankan women.Methods: The study group consisted of 47 pregnant women and 47 non‐pregnant women who served as matched controls. All subjects were examined for plaque (plaque index: PLI), gingival condition (gingival index: GI) and loss of periodontal attachment (LA) levels, 4 × during the study, at 3‐monthly intervals.Results: Despite similar scores for plaque levels in both pregnant and non‐pregnant women, the GI of pregnant women was significantly increased, during the 1st and 2nd trimesters compared to the controls (p<0.01, 2‐way ANOVA). During the 3rd trimester, GI was further increased (p<0.001), but dropped at 3 months post‐partum. Values for LA did not show significant differences from that of controls, during any of the stages of pregnancy.Conclusions: The results of this study show that pregnancy had an effect only on the gingivae and not on periodontal attachment levels. The effects of oestrogen and progesterone could give rise to a more florid response to the irritant effects of plaque, resulting in severe gingivitis.
Microbiology of destructive periodontal disease in adolescent patients with congenital neutropenia
Authors: Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Schouten‐van Meeteren A. Y. N. , Baart J. A. , Vandenbroucke‐Grauls C. M. J. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Congenital neutropenia is one condition that may predispose for destructive periodontal disease at a young age. In this report, we describe the microbiology of 3 adolescent patients with congenital neutropenia two of whom suffered from severe periodontitis.Method: Microbiological testing of the parents was also performed in 1 case. DNA fingerprinting was used to study transmission of putative periodontal pathogens in this case. From 1 patient with periodontitis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were isolated; a 2nd periodontitis patient was infected with P. gingivalis. A 3rd patient had gingivitis only and no A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis were found.Results: Using the amplified fragment length polymorphism DNA fingerprinting technique, bacterial transmission between the father and a patient was shown for A. actinomycetemcomitans but not for P. gingivalis.
Alcohol‐free mouthrinse solutions to reduce supragingival plaque regrowth and vitality
Authors: Arweiler N. B. , Netuschil L. , Reich E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and antibacterial properties of alcohol‐free mouthrinses, an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouthrinse (ASF) and two triclosan solutions in comparison with a chlorhexidine and a placebo rinse.Material and methods: In a double‐blind, randomised 5‐cell cross‐over 4‐day plaque regrowth study, 19 volunteers rinsed 2 × a day with 15 ml of each of the distributed solutions. Each test cycle was followed by a 10 days wash‐out period. On day 0 of each test week, volunteers received a dental prophylaxis. Thereafter they refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene procedures for the next four days. Plaque regrowth was assessed daily by the plaque index and on day 4 by calculating the plaque area with a computer program after disclosure and photography of the front teeth. The vitality of the plaque was examined on days 1 to 4 by the vital fluorescence technique.Results: 19 participants completed the study. Compared to the placebo the ASF solution showed 15.7% (p>0.5), 30.6% (p<0.001), 40.5% (p<0.001) and 44.7% (p<0.001) reductions on the consecutive days 1–4 in plaque index and a reduction of 61.9% in plaque area. The decrease of vitality of supragingival plaque was highly significant compared to placebo on every test day ranging between 30.9% and 36.6%. A reduction in plaque index from 19.4% (p<0.01) on day 2, 34.9% (p<0.001) on day 3 and 40.4% (p<0.001) on day 4 concommitant with a reduction in plaque area of 48.9% (p<0.001) was noted for alcohol‐free chlorhexidine. Concerning the vitality chlorhexidine reduced the percentage of vital bacteria significantly on every day (16.0% to 24.9%). The reductions in mean plaque index for the 0.15% triclosan solution during the test period were 6.3%, 22.4%, 24.6% and 36% and in plaque area 41.8%. Vitality was significantly reduced at every day compared to placebo. Plaque Index reduction with the 0.02% triclosan increased from 15.3% (day 2) to 31.0% (day 4) and a reduction of 23.6% was seen in plaque area. A significant effect concerning the vitality of the plaque was only found at the first and the last day of the test cycle.Conclusion: Alcohol‐free mouthrinse solutions were shown to be effective in reducing both plaque accumulation and plaque biofilm vitality compared to a placebo solution.
The effect of working tip angulation on root substance removal using Er:YAG laser radiation: an in vitro study
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , Thiele Lidka , Mehl Albert , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The present investigation attempted to determine the amount of cementum and/or dentin removal with Er:YAG laser radiation, dependent on the angulation of a specially‐developed application tip.Material and methods: Subject of the study were 150 extracted incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Source of laser radiation was an Er:YAG laser device emitting pulsed infrared radiation at a wavelength of 2.94 μm with a pulse duration of 250 μs and a pulse repetition rate of 10 pps. The samples of the 3 study groups were irradiated with 380 laser pulses at radiation energies of 60 mJ (group A), 100 mJ (group B), or 180 mJ (group C). In each group, 10 samples were treated at working tip angulations of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. The substance removal was determined 3‐dimensionally using a newly developed laser scanning system (100,000 surface points per sample, accuracy 5 μm) and a special image‐analysing software (Match 3D). Statistical analysis was completed with ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons using the Scheffé‐test and with linear regression analysis according to Pearson‐Bravais (p<0.05).Results: Strong dependance of substance removal, both determined as maximum depth of the defects (0.5% quantil) as well as defect volume, on the angulation of the working tip was shown. At 60 mJ, the depth of the defects was 41.39 (±32.55) μm at an angulation of 15° and that at 90° was 181.39 (±74.42) μm (R2=0.921). For the radiation energy at 100 mJ, the depth of the defects ranged from 51.96 (±26.86) μm at 15° to 306.64 (±62.44) μm at 90° (R2=0.983). Choosing radiation energies at 180 mJ, the depth of the defects ranged from 64.73 (±27.73) μm at 15° to 639.89 (±47.28) μm at 90°, on average (R2=0.853).Conclusions: The results of the present study provide clear evidence that besides the physical radiation parameters, also the parameters of clinical handling, in particular the angulation of the application tip, has a strong influence on the amount of root substance removal using Er:YAG laser radiation.
Retrospective comparison of clinical variables between compliant and non‐compliant patients
Authors: König Jörgen , Plagmann Hans‐Christian , Langenfeld Norbert , Kocher Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate if patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis had comparable periodontal conditions at baseline and during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) whether they were compliant or not.Method: Patient‐related variables were compared: age, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, number of teeth, pocket probing depth, plaque index. Compliant patients (n=142) received complete periodontal treatment and were followed over at least 10 years (group A). Non‐compliant patients either discontinued supportive periodontal therapy (n=42, group B) or dropped out before or during periodontal surgery (n=44, group C).Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between the 3 groups except for mobility. During SPT, mean pocket probing depth and plaque index differed significantly.Conclusion: These results indicate that non‐compliant patients compared to compliant patients had similar periodontal conditions at baseline, but responded less favourably to periodontal surgery and maintenance.
Detection rate of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on the permanent 1st molars of primary school children in Taiwan by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Yuan Kuo , Hsu Ping‐Chi , Tseng Chuen‐Chyi , Kiang David , Wang Jen‐Ren 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background, aims: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) has been implicated as the putative micro‐organism for localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). The most distinct clinical features of LJP include severe angular bony defects of the mesial sides of permanent first molars and the onset of disease during puberty. Currently, no large‐scale studies have been performed which address the change in detection rates of Aa on the mesial sides of permanent 1st molars following eruption and up to puberty.Method: In this study, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial pockets of 2 randomly selected permanent 1st molars from 328 primary school children and 50 adult staff, and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Aa.Results: The results showed a 5.5% prevalence rate of Aa which increased after the eruption of 1st molars and peaked near puberty. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of Aa among different groups in terms of gender, plaque index (PlI), and gingival index (GI); however, the higher detection rates of Aa were significantly associated with increased probing depths at p<0.05.Conclusion: PCR analysis of the subgingival plaques demonstrated a prevalence of Aa which peaked near puberty, suggesting that Aa may be important for LJP in Taiwan.
Interleukin‐1 gene polymorphism and periodontal status
Authors: Papapanou Panos N. , Neiderud Anne‐Marie , Sandros Jens , Dahlén Gunnar 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: This case‐control study examined polymorphisms at the interleukin‐1 gene in relation to periodontal status, subgingival bacteria and systemic antibodies to periodontal microbiota.Methods: 132 periodontitis patients were age‐ and gender‐matched with 73 periodontally intact controls. Full‐mouth clinical assessments of the periodontal tissues were performed. Subgingival plaque samples (2440 in total) were analyzed by genomic DNA probes, and serum IgG antibodies to periodontal microbiota were assessed by an immunoassay. Polymorphisms in the IL‐1A gene at position +4845 and the IL‐1B gene at position +3953 were studied by PCR. A composite positive genotype was defined as at least one rare (#2) allele present at each locus.Results: No skewed distribution of the composite genotype was observed between cases and controls (45.2% vs 41.7%). In cases, both the composite genotype and the number of #2 alleles were positively correlated with the severity of attachment loss. No relationship between genotype and subgingival microbial profiles was observed. Genotype positive patients revealed both overall lower serum antibody levels and specific titers against selected bacteria.Conclusions: The composite genotype failed to distinguish between periodontitis patients and controls but correlated in patients with the severity of the disease and the antibody responses to periodontal microbiota.
Assessment of newly developed tongue sulfide probe for detecting oral malodor
Authors: Morita Manabu , Musinski Donald L. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The present study examined the relationship between sulfide levels on tongue dorsum surfaces (pS levels) and oral malodor.Method: The pS levels of 20 systemically healthy volunteers were evaluated using an industrial device equipped with a newly‐developed tongue sulfide probe. The pS levels on 3 parts of the tongue – anterior, middle and posterior along the median groove of the tongue dorsum – were determined for each subject.Results: The device reported the pS level in a digital score ranging from 0.0 (<10−7 M of sulfide) to 5.0 (10−2 M of sulfide) in increments of 0.5. Oral malodor was assessed by measuring the level of volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air, as well as by the organoleptic method. The pS levels were 0.03±0.11, 0.20±0.41 and 0.88±0.76 for the anterior, middle and posterior parts, respectively. This difference was significant (p<0.001). Both oral malodor measurements showed significant correlation (p<0.05) with the pS levels of middle and posterior parts of tongue.Conclusion: It was concluded that the tongue sulfide probe might be useful in management of subjects with oral malodor.