bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender disparity in literacy in Uttar Pradesh: a spatial analysis
Authors: Sakshi  , Bano Sabina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLiteracy, being one of the most important demographic elements, is a crucial indicator used to measure human progress towards development. It acts as a catalyst for social progress, maximising return on investment in almost all developmental initiative areas. Moreover, female education contributes significantly to raising the state’s standard of living. This study delves into the prevalent gender disparity in literacy rates within Uttar Pradesh, India, with a particular focus on the enrolment of girl children in elementary schools. It assesses the spatial variation in gender disparity in literacy across the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh and finds a correlation between enrolment of girl children (x) and total elementary schools (y) across the districts. The Sopher Disparity Method is used to determine the spatial variation of gender disparity in literacy. Jaunpur, Bhadohi and Mathura are the states with the highest gender disparity level in literacy, while Amroha and Kanpur Nagar account for the lowest disparity level. The dot method is used to show the distribution of total number of elementary schools per district in Uttar Pradesh, presenting that Baghpat, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Mahoba, Shrawasti and Bhadohi are the districts with the lowest concentration of elementary schools, while Azamgarh, Bijnor, Sitapur, Hardoi and Jaunpur are those with the highest concentration. A correlation coefficient of 0.89 has been found between elementary schools and girl child enrolment, which shows a strong positive association. The research highlights the cultural, socio-economic, and infrastructural barriers that impede the enrolment and retention of girl children in elementary schools. By examining existing policies and their impact, the study aims to provide insights into the complexities of gender-based educational disparities. Furthermore, it explores the role of societal norms and economic constraints in shaping the educational landscape for girls in Uttar Pradesh. The ultimate goal is to inform targeted interventions that address the root causes of gender disparity in literacy, fostering a more inclusive and equitable educational environment in Uttar Pradesh.
Effects of input enhancement and genre on L2 learners’ performance in the continuation writing task
Authors: Meng Li , Yin Hongshan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite much research on xu-argument based continuation writing tasks, little has been done to explore its role with multiple factors in language output. This study, recruiting 80 Chinese high school students, attempted to investigate the effects of input enhancement and genre on Chinese EFL learners’ linguistic performance measured by complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in continuation writing tasks. A two-factor mixed experimental design was adopted, and simple effect tests were conducted to analyze the interaction effect. It was found that: (a) Input enhancement did not significantly impact complexity and fluency, but significantly impacted accuracy; genre had significant effects on complexity, accuracy, and fluency. (b) There was interaction between input enhancement and genre in accuracy, but not in complexity and fluency. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Mode-coupling theory of lattice dynamics for classical and quantum crystals
Authors: Castellano Aloïs , Batista J. P. Alvarinhas , Verstraete Matthieu J. 
Published: December 2023

The dynamical properties of nuclei, carried by the concept of phonon quasiparticles , are central to the field of condensed matter. While the harmonic approximation can reproduce a number of properties observed in real crystals, the inclusion of anharmonicity in lattice dynamics is essential to accurately predict properties such as heat transport or thermal expansion. For highly anharmonic systems, non-perturbative approaches are needed, which result in renormalized theories of lattice dynamics. In this article, we apply the Mori–Zwanzig projector formalism to derive an exact generalized Langevin equation describing the quantum dynamics of nuclei in a crystal. By projecting this equation on quasiparticles in reciprocal space, and with results from linear response theory, we obtain a formulation of vibrational spectra that fully accounts for the anharmonicity. Using a mode-coupling approach, we construct a systematic perturbative expansion in which each new order is built to minimize the following ones. With a truncation to the lowest order, we show how to obtain a set of self-consistent equations that can describe the lineshapes of quasiparticles. The only inputs needed for the resulting set of equations are the static Kubo correlation functions, which can be computed using (fully quantum) path-integral molecular dynamics or approximated with (classical or ab initio) molecular dynamics. We illustrate the theory with an application on fcc 4He, an archetypal quantum crystal with very strong anharmonicity.
Insight into the photocatalytic and photothermal effect in plasmon-enhanced water oxidation property of AuTNP@MnOx core–shell nanoconstruct
Authors: Paital Diptiranjan , Bansal Tarun , Kaushik Tannu , Joshi Gayatri , Sett Soumyadip , Khatua Saumyakanti 
Published: December 2023

The development of robust and efficient photocatalytic constructs for boosting the water oxidation reaction (WOR) is needed for establishing a sunlight-driven renewable energy infrastructure. Here, we synthesized plasmonic core–shell nanoconstructs consisting of triangular gold nanoprism (AuTNP) core with mixed manganese oxide (MnOx) shell for photoelectrocatalytic WOR. These constructs show electrocatalytic WOR with a low onset overpotential requirement of 270 mV at pH 10. Photoexcitation showed further enhancement of their catalytic activity resulting in ∼15% decrease of the onset overpotential requirement along with the generation of photocurrent density of up to 300 μA/cm2. We showed that such light-driven enhancement of AuTNP@MnOx dyad’s catalytic activity toward the WOR process includes contributions from both photocatalytic (hot carriers driven) and photothermal effects with photothermal effect playing the major role for wavelength between 532 and 808 nm. The contribution from the photocatalytic effect is appreciable only for high-energy excitations near the interband region, while the photothermal effect largely dominates for lower energy excitations near the LSPR wavelengths of the dyad.
Significant contributions of second-order exchange terms in GW electron–hole interaction kernel for charge-transfer excitations
Authors: Yamada Satoka , Noguchi Yoshifumi 
Published: December 2023

The GW electron–hole interaction kernel, which includes two second-order exchange terms in addition to the first-order direct and exchange terms considered in the conventional GW + Bethe–Salpeter method, is applied to 10 two-molecular systems and six thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules in which inter- and intramolecular charge transfer excitations are expected to occur. The contributions of the two second-order exchange terms are almost zero for intermolecular charge transfer excitations and ∼0.75 eV for intramolecular charge transfer excitations according to our exciton analysis method with exciton wave functions. For TADF molecules, we found that the second-order exchange terms are more significant than the first-order exchange terms, and the contributions—even for local-type and delocalized-type excitations—are not negligibly small. We revealed that the two second-order exchange terms are proportional to the molecular size, the exciton binding energy, and the electron–hole overlap strength for intramolecular charge-transfer excitations. We believe that our findings are indispensable for further considerations of the GW method in the future.
Electron binding energies of SO2 at the surface of a water cluster
Authors: Martins João B. L. , Cabral Benedito J. C. 
Published: December 2023

The electronic properties of SO2 at the surface of a water cluster were investigated by employing a combination of Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics and electron propagator theory (EPT). In our work, we utilized a revised version of the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional, which incorporates empirical corrections for dispersion interactions in line with a recent study of the air–water interface conducted by Ohto et al. [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10(17), 4914–4919 (2019)]. Polarization effects induce a significant broadening of the electron binding energy distribution, as predicted by EPT. This broadening can result in a substantial increase in electron affinity, impacting the chemical reactivity of SO2 at the air–water interface, a topic of significant and recent research interest. We discuss the relationship between electron binding energies (EBEs) and the specific connections of SO2 to water. The results indicate that configurations involving an OS⋯H bond tend to yield higher electron affinities compared to complex formation through S⋯OW bonds. Surprisingly, SO2 molecules not bound to water molecules according to a specific criterion may also exhibit higher electron affinities. This feature can be explained by the role played by the polarization field from water molecules. Our best estimate for the HOMO–LUMO (H–L) gap of SO2 at the surface of a water cluster is 11.6 eV. Very similar H–L gaps are predicted for isolated and micro-solvated SO2. Fukui functions for the gas phase, and the micro-solvated SO2–H2O complex supports the view that the LUMO is predominantly localized on the SO2 moiety.
The impact of ISO/TC 37 standards on technical communication
Authors: Mahr Sabine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rather than just profiting from digitalization efforts such as the implementation and improvement of automated
content delivery processes, technical communication itself currently has the opportunity of becoming a major driver in
digitalization. The essence of technical communicators’ work is to create representations of products under the aspect of product
use. In order to convey how a product functions and how it shall be used, they build concepts that reflect its structure and the
structure of the domain to which it belongs. These concepts and their interrelations represent the underlying architecture of
information that is rendered into ‘technical documentation’ in the course of the information development process which parallels
the product development process. To harmonize concepts for information on products to be launched and in its proper domain, as
well as to ensure interoperability between digital resources, technical communication relies on a range of standards created
within and published by ISO Technical Committee 37, Language and Terminology (ISO/TC
37).
The ho-V construction in Taiwanese Southern Min and the degree-introducing morpheme
ho and u
Authors: Liu Chen-Sheng Luther 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, I first provide an in-depth study on the TSM ho-V construction with a monosyllabic
V, especially on the morpho-syntactic function and the degree-introducing function of the morpheme ho
‘hoVD’. Then, based on Liu’s (2020) study on the TSM
u-V construction, I comprehensively compare these two constructions, which reaches two major points. First, the
ho-V sequence and the u-V sequence are intransitive compound verb. The V that
u ‘uVD’ merges with can be a lexical verb or an aspectual verb; however, the V that
ho ‘hoVD’ merges with must be a lexical verb. When forming a compound verb with a lexical verb,
u ‘uVD’ has the same morpho-syntactic function as ho ‘hoVD’. Second,
these two morphemes differ in how to introduce the degree meaning for their corresponding construction. Namely, the dimension of
measurement carried by the measure function introduced by u ‘uVD’ is determined by what is measured;
however, the morpheme ho ‘hoVD’ intrinsically carries a dimension of measurement. Depending on what
the morpheme ho ‘hoVD’ modifies is the entity denoted by the subject in question or the eventuality
argument of V, the dimension of measurement carried by it can be interpreted as ‘be good for one to V’ or ‘it is easy for one to
V’.
Chinese patients’ unsolicited presentation of primary concerns
Authors: Yang Zi , Wang Xueming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Through an observation of naturally-occurring medical openings in China, we show that problem solicitation is not
necessarily a routine practice in medical consultations. There are four common conversational slots in a Chinese medical opening
allowing an unsolicited problem presentation, featuring a common deep structure – a generic pre-sequence followed by the specific
base sequence of problem presentation. Three logically connected factors distinguishing Chinese medical openings from their
Western counterparts are identified to provide the rationale for the normality of unsolicited problem presentation in China. The
study enriches the understanding of culture-specificity in certain local structural organization of medical consultations, calls
for activity-specific reconsideration of medical authority and reveals further resemblance between medical consultations and
service encounters.
La letteratura italo-romena contemporanea. Sulla migrazione che genera trasgressione
Authors: Karp Karol 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The article aims to analyze the phenomenon of transgression in Italian-language Romanian literature on the example
of two novels entitled La frivolezza del cristallo liquido (2008) by
Irina Turcanu and Dodici più un angelo (2012) by Ingrid Beatrice Coman. The starting point for the considerations
is the hypothesis that writers who experienced migration, life under communism and negative emotions related to them may use the
category of transgression in their narratives in a particularly intense way. In the cited works, the most important elements
expressing transgression and its contexts are characterized. Transgression turns out to be a special narrative technique. It
allows to criticize wicked human attitudes and emphasize the tragic situation of an individual who has become the object of
transgressive acts.
Regularization of the inverse Laplace transform by mollification
Authors: Maréchal Pierre , Triki Faouzi , Simo Tao Lee Walter C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper we study the inverse Laplace transform. We first derive a new global logarithmic stability estimate that shows that the inversion is severely ill-posed. Then we propose a regularization method to compute the inverse Laplace transform using the concept of mollification. Taking into account the exponential instability we derive a criterion for selection of the regularization parameter. We show that by taking the optimal value of this parameter we improve significantly the convergence of the method. Finally, making use of the holomorphic extension of the Laplace transform, we suggest a new PDEs based numerical method for the computation of the solution. The effectiveness of the proposed regularization method is demonstrated through several numerical examples.
Releasing antiferromagnetic skyrmions from local magnetic-anisotropy defects
Authors: Silva R L , Silva R C , Pereira A R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lattice defects may work as a kind of apparatus for catching topological excitations, preventing their escape. So, the problem of removing skyrmions from eventual local defects in magnetic materials must be closely related to new technologies such as skyrmionic. Here, we examine the conditions for drawing a skyrmion from a magnetic impurity in a two-dimensional antiferromagnetic system by applying spin-polarized currents (SPC). Two types of impurities are investigated (local easy-axis and easy-plane anisotropy defects). Also, two methods to release the skyrmion with SPC are explored. In principle, our results could be qualitatively relevant to any other type of lattice defect.
Simultaneous pseudospin and valley topological edge states of elastic waves in phononic crystals made of distorted Kekulé lattices
Authors: Huang Hongbo , Chen Jiujiu , Mao Liang , Wang Rongji 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Topological metamaterials protected by the spatial inversion symmetry mainly support single type edge state, interpreted by either the quantum valley Hall effect or the quantum spin Hall effect. However, owing to the existence of the complicated couplings and waveform conversions during elastic wave propagation, realizing topologically protected edge states that support both pseudospin and valley degrees of freedom in elastic system remains a great challenge. Here, we propose a two-dimensional Kekulé phononic crystal (PC) that can simultaneously possess pseudospin- and valley-Hall edge states in different frequency bands. By inhomogeneously changing the elliptical direction in a Kekulé lattice of elliptical cylinders, three complete phononic bandgaps exhibiting distinct topological phase transitions can be obtained, one of which supports a pair of pseudospin-Hall edge states and the other hosts valley-Hall edge states in the low and high frequency regime. Furthermore, a sandwiched PC heterostructure and a four-channel cross-waveguide splitter are constructed to achieve selective excitation and topological robust propagation of pseudospin- and valley-momentum locking edge states in a single configuration. These results provide new possibilities for manipulating in-plane bulk elastic waves with both pseudospin and valley degrees of freedom in a single configuration, which has potential applications for multiband and multifunctional waveguiding.
Optimizing the method for removing MSNs templates using an ionic liquid ([C4mim]Cl)
Authors: Pu Xia , Cai Wanling , Chen Huayao , Yang Fujie , Mu Xiaomei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The key step in preparing mesoporous silica is to remove the organic template agent, and the most common method used to achieve this goal is high-temperature calcination. However, this method has many disadvantages, one of which is that it reduces the silanol density on the surface of mesoporous silica, which affects its subsequent modification. Ionic liquids (ILs) are often used as extractants. In this work, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) IL is considered, and the effects of its concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time as well as HCl concentration on the extraction rate and silanol density were investigated using an IL extraction template agent (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)). The results show that an IL concentration of 10%, a reaction temperature of 120 °C, a reaction time of 12 h, and an HCl concentration of 1% are the best reaction parameters; with these parameters, the extraction rate and the silanol density were found to be 93.19% and 2.23%, respectively. The silanol density of mesoporous silica treated by calcination is only 0.81%. A higher silanol density provides more reaction sites, so that the modified mesoporous silica treated with the IL can be loaded with more Zn ions.
Bimetallic synergistic catalysts based on two-dimensional carbon-rich conjugated frameworks for nitrate electrocatalytic reduction to ammonia: catalyst screening and mechanism insights
Authors: Luo FengLing , Guo Ling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The discovery of the ‘two birds, one stone’ electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) allows for the removal of harmful NO3
− pollutants as well as the production of economically beneficial ammonia (NH3). However, current understanding of the catalytic mechanism of NO3RR is not enough, and this research is still challenging. To determine the mechanism needed to create efficient electrocatalysts, we thoroughly examined the catalytic activity of molybdenum-based diatomic catalysts (DACs) anchored on two-dimensional carbon-rich conjugated frameworks (2D CCFs) for NO3RR. Among the 23 candidate materials, after a four-step screening method and detailed mechanism studies, we discovered that NO3RR can efficiently generate NH3 by following the N-end pathway on the MoTi-Pc, MoMn-Pc, and MoNb-Pc, with limiting potential of −0.33 V, −0.13 V, and −0.38 V, respectively. The activity of NO3RR can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the TM1–TM2 dimer d orbital coupling to the anti-bonding orbital of NO3
−. Additionally, high hybridization between the Mo-4d, TM-3d(4d), and NO3
−−2p orbitals on the MoTMs-Pc DACs can speed up the flow of electrons from the Mo-TM dual-site to NO3
−. The research presented here paves the way for the reasonable design of effective NO3RR catalysts and offers a theoretical basis for experimental research.
Development and evaluation of a new high-TOF-resolution all-digital brain PET system
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhang Bo , Li Bingxuan , Zhang Xiangsong , Zhou Xiaoyun , Yang Jigang , Li Ang , Shi Xinchong , Liu Yuqing , Kreissl Michael , D’Ascenzo Nicola , Xiao Peng , Xie Qingguo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Time-of-flight (TOF) capability and high sensitivity are essential for brain-dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, as they improve the contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enabling a precise localization of functional mechanisms in the different brain regions. Approach. We present a new brain PET system with transverse and axial field-of-view (FOV) of 320 mm and 255 mm, respectively. The system head is an array of 6 × 6 detection elements, each consisting of a 3.9 × 3.9 × 20 mm3 lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystal coupled with a 3.93 × 3.93 mm2 SiPM. The SiPMs analog signals are individually digitized using the multi-voltage threshold (MVT) technology, employing a 1:1:1 coupling configuration. Main results. The brain PET system exhibits a TOF resolution of 249 ps at 5.3 kBq ml−1, an average sensitivity of 22.1 cps kBq−1, and a noise equivalent count rate (NECR) peak of 150.9 kcps at 8.36 kBq ml−1. Furthermore, the mini-Derenzo phantom study demonstrated the system’s ability to distinguish rods with a diameter of 2.0 mm. Moreover, incorporating the TOF reconstruction algorithm in an image quality phantom study optimizes the background variability, resulting in reductions ranging from 44% (37 mm) to 75% (10 mm) with comparable contrast. In the human brain imaging study, the SNR improved by a factor of 1.7 with the inclusion of TOF, increasing from 27.07 to 46.05. Time-dynamic human brain imaging was performed, showing the distinctive traits of cortex and thalamus uptake, as well as of the arterial and venous flow with 2 s per time frame. Significance. The system exhibited a good TOF capability, which is coupled with the high sensitivity and count rate performance based on the MVT digital sampling technique. The developed TOF-enabled brain PET system opens the possibility of precise kinetic brain PET imaging, towards new quantitative predictive brain diagnostics.