bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the Emotional Availability Scales to children with disabilities
Authors: Biringen Zeynep , Fidler Deborah J. , Barrett Karen C. , Kubicek Lorraine 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this article, we describe issues regarding emotional availability and its application to children with disabilities. We then apply this approach to the scoring of emotional availability for caregiver–child interactions of children with disabilities, with information based on children with genetic mental retardation syndromes, children with autism, and children with hearing impairments.
Emotional availability in infant psychiatry
Authors: Wiefel Andreas , Wollenweber Susanne , Oepen Gabrielle , Lenz Klaus , Lehmkuhl Ulrike , Biringen Zeynep 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn a child psychiatric population, 68 mother–child pairs were observed, with children ranging in age from 6 weeks to 3 years 10 months. The children were diagnosed using the Zero to Three DC 0–3 guidelines (Zero‐to‐Three, 1998). Each dyad also was rated in terms of the intensity of recommended therapeutic measures upon intake at our clinic. Following videotaping of parent–child interactions, the dyads were rated for emotional availability using the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998). The group with feeding disorders showed the lowest EAS ratings. The group with regulation disorders (sleeping and crying disorders) had the highest ratings followed by the group with externalizing disorders (motor disorganized and/or aggressive behavior) and attachment disorders. Further, the lower the EAS ratings, the higher the intensity of recommended treatments for the family. These findings indicate the importance of standardized observing of parent–child interactions in infant psychiatric disorders. Some clinical impressions regarding the work with the EAS also are described.
Vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐(meth)acrylic acid inserts for ocular drug delivery: Synthesis and evaluation
Authors: Barbu Eugen , Sarvaiya Indrajeetsinh , Green Keith L , Nevell Thomas G , Tsibouklis John 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCopolymeric hydrogels constituting of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylic or acrylic acid repeat units have been prepared and investigated for their ability to act as controlled release vehicles in ophthalmic drug delivery. The materials were synthesized by radical‐induced polymerization in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker, and the influences of network composition and drug solubility upon the swelling properties, adhesion behavior, and drug release characteristics were studied. In vitro release experiments showed that some of these materials could be useful vehicles for the delivery of drugs such as pilocarpine or chloramphenicol, while in vivo studies, using the rabbit model, confirmed their high potential for the controlled ocular delivery of pilocarpine hydrochloride. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Electrical polarization of plasma‐spray–hydroxyapatite coatings for improvement of osteoconduction of implants
Authors: Kato Reiko , Nakamura Satoshi , Katayama Keiich , Yamashita Kimihiro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe have established the electrical polarization method of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings (HAC) for clinical use, such as dental and orthopedic implants. The HAC examined in the current study was prepared in titanium substrates by plasma spraying of β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powders followed by hydrothermal treatment. The prepared HAC consisted of a single phase of HA, because the starting TCP phase was completely transformed to the HA phase during the posthydrothermal treatment. Polarization was carried out at the elevated temperature of 400°C under a d.c. field of 1 kV · cm−1. The electrical measurements showed that the stored charges of the polarized HAC were greater than the reported value of the sintered ceramic HA. The enhanced bioactivity of the polarized HAC was demonstrated using 1.5 simulated body fluid (SBF). The crystal growth from the SBF solution was accelerated on the negatively charged surface in comparison with the untreated HAC. Similar to the polarized ceramic HA, the current results confirmed that the bioactivity of HAC would be effective for improving the initial fixation by polarization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Structure and dynamics of hydrated NH: An ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Intharathep Pathumwadee , Tongraar Anan , Sagarik Kritsana 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA combined ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulation has been performed to investigate solvation structure and dynamics of NH in water. The most interesting region, the sphere includes an ammonium ion and its first hydration shell, was treated at the Hartree–Fock level using DZV basis set, while the rest of the system was described by classical pair potentials. On the basis of detailed QM/MM simulation results, the solvation structure of NH is rather flexible, in which many water molecules are cooperatively involved in the solvation shell of the ion. Of particular interest, the QM/MM results show fast translation and rotation of NH in water. This phenomenon has resulted from multiple coordination, which drives the NH to translate and rotate quite freely within its surrounding water molecules. In addition, a “structure‐breaking” behavior of the NH is well reflected by the detailed analysis on the water exchange process and the mean residence times of water molecules surrounding the ion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1329–1338, 2005
Nonuniform charge scaling (NUCS): A practical approximation of solvent electrostatic screening in proteins
Authors: Schwarzl Sonja M. , Huang Danzhi , Smith Jeremy C. , Fischer Stefan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn molecular mechanics calculations, electrostatic interactions between chemical groups are usually represented by a Coulomb potential between the partial atomic charges of the groups. In aqueous solution these interactions are modified by the polarizable solvent. Although the electrostatic effects of the polarized solvent on the protein are well described by the Poisson–Boltzmann equation, its numerical solution is computationally expensive for large molecules such as proteins. The procedure of nonuniform charge scaling (NUCS) is a pragmatic approach to implicit solvation that approximates the solvent screening effect by individually scaling the partial charges on the explicit atoms of the macromolecule so as to reproduce electrostatic interaction energies obtained from an initial Poisson–Boltzmann analysis. Once the screening factors have been determined for a protein the scaled charges can be easily used in any molecular mechanics program that implements a Coulomb term. The approach is particularly suitable for minimization‐based simulations, such as normal mode analysis, certain conformational reaction path or ligand binding techniques for which bulk solvent cannot be included explicitly, and for combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations when the interface to more elaborate continuum solvent models is lacking. The method is illustrated using reaction path calculations of the Tyr35 ring flip in the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1359–1371, 2005
Cytoskeletal remodeling in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to angiotensin II‐induced activation of the SHP‐2 tyrosine phosphatase
Authors: Fernstrom Karl , Farmer Paul , Ali M. Showkat 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAngiotensin II is an octapeptide that regulates diverse cellular responses including the actin cytoskeletal organization. In this study, stable cell lines overexpressing wild‐type or catalytically inactive SHP‐2 were employed to elucidate the signaling pathway utilized by the SHP‐2 tyrosine phosphatase that mediates an angiotensin II‐induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The expression of wild‐type SHP‐2 prevented an angiotensin II dependent increase in stress fiber formation. In contrast, the catalytically inactive mutant SHP‐2 increased stress fiber formation. Additional observations further established that SHP‐2 regulates the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton through RhoA‐ and Vav2‐dependent signaling pathways. The expression of wild‐type SHP‐2 caused a dephosphorylation of several focal adhesion associated proteins including paxillin, p130Cas, and tensin in VSMC. This dephosphorylation of focal adhesion associated proteins was accompanied by significantly decreased numbers of focal adhesions within cells. These results demonstrate a unique role for SHP‐2 in the regulation of the cellular architecture of VSMC, suggesting the possibility that this phosphatase might be instrumental in vascular remodeling. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear sphingomyelin pathway in serum deprivation‐induced apoptosis of embryonic hippocampal cells
Authors: Albi Elisabetta , Cataldi Samuela , Bartoccini Elisa , Magni Mariapia Viola , Marini Francesca , Mazzoni Francesca , Rainaldi Giuseppe , Evangelista Monica , Garcia‐Gil Mercedes 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSphingomyelin (SM) cycle has been involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Increases in ceramide have been found after a larger number of apoptotic stimuli including cytokines, cytotoxic drugs, and environmental stresses. Accumulating evidence suggest that the subcellular localization of ceramide generation is a critical factor in determining the cellular behavior. Since recently enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism such as sphingomyelinase, SM synthase, sphingosine kinase and ceramidase have been found in the nucleus of hepatocyte cells, we have studied first the presence and the physicochemical characteristics of SM metabolism enzymes in nuclei isolated from embryonic hippocampal cells (cell line HN9.10e). The activities of sphingomyelinase and SM‐synthase have been assayed and the ceramide production evaluated at different times after serum deprivation in these neurones cultivated in serum‐deficient medium. We report that both enzymes are present in the nucleus of embryonic hippocampal cells and differ from those present in the homogenate in optimum pH. After serum deprivation, that induces a time‐dependent decrease in cell viability and increase of the cell percentage in G1 phase of the cell cycle, a nuclear sphingomyelinase activation together with SM‐synthase inhibition and a consequent increase of nuclear ceramide pool have been demonstrated. No similar enzyme activity modifications in homogenate have been identified. The possible role of nuclear sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin‐synthase balance in serum deprivation‐induced apoptosis in the embryonic hippocampal cell is discussed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melatonin synthesized by Jurkat human leukemic T cell line is implicated in IL‐2 production
Authors: Lardone Patricia J. , Carrillo‐Vico Antonio , Naranjo María C. , De Felipe Beatriz , Vallejo Alejandro , Karasek Michal , Guerrero Juan M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHuman lymphocytes have recently been described as an important physiological source of melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine), which could be involved in the regulation of the human immune system. On the other hand, stimulation of IL‐2 production by exogenous melatonin has been shown in the Jurkat human lymphocytic cell line. Furthermore, both melatonin membrane and nuclear receptors are present in these cells. In this study, we show that the necessary machinery to synthesize melatonin is present and active in resting and stimulated Jurkat cells. Accordingly, we have found that cells synthesize and release melatonin in both conditions. Therefore, we investigated whether endogenous melatonin produced by Jurkat cells was involved in the regulation of IL‐2 production. When melatonin membrane and nuclear receptors were blocked using specific antagonists, luzindole and CGP 55644, respectively, we found that IL‐2 production decreased, and this drop was reverted by exogenous melatonin. Additionally, PHA activation of Jurkat cells changed the profile of melatonin nuclear receptor mRNA expression. A previous study showed that exogenous melatonin is able to counteract the decrease in IL‐2 production caused by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in human lymphocytes via its membrane receptor. In our model, when we blocked the melatonin membrane receptor with luzindole, the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on IL‐2 production was higher. Therefore, we have demonstrated the physiological role of endogenous melatonin in this cell line. These findings indicate that endogenous melatonin synthesized by human T cells would contribute to regulation of its own IL‐2 production, acting as an intracrine, autocrine, and/or paracrine substance. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose‐derived adult stem cells
Authors: Guilak Farshid , Lott Kristen E. , Awad Hani A. , Cao Qiongfang , Hicok Kevin C. , Fermor Beverley , Gimble Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPools of human adipose‐derived adult stem (hADAS) cells can exhibit multiple differentiated phenotypes under appropriate in vitro culture conditions. Because adipose tissue is abundant and easily accessible, hADAS cells offer a promising source of cells for tissue engineering and other cell‐based therapies. However, it is unclear whether individual hADAS cells can give rise to multiple differentiated phenotypes or whether each phenotype arises from a subset of committed progenitor cells that exists within a heterogeneous population. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that single hADAS are multipotent at a clonal level. hADAS cells were isolated from liposuction waste, and ring cloning was performed to select cells derived from a single progenitor cell. Forty‐five clones were expanded through four passages and then induced for adipogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and neurogenesis using lineage‐specific differentiation media. Quantitative differentiation criteria for each lineage were determined using histological and biochemical analyses. Eighty one percent of the hADAS cell clones differentiated into at least one of the lineages. In addition, 52% of the hADAS cell clones differentiated into two or more of the lineages. More clones expressed phenotypes of osteoblasts (48%), chondrocytes (43%), and neuron‐like cells (52%) than of adipocytes (12%), possibly due to the loss of adipogenic ability after repeated subcultures. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hADAS cells are a type of multipotent adult stem cell and not solely a mixed population of unipotent progenitor cells. However, it is important to exercise caution in interpreting these results until they are validated using functional in vivo assays. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cardiovascular invasion: Evaluation of sliding motion between thoracic mass and adjacent structures on cine MR images
Authors: Seo Jae Seung , Kim Young Jin , Choi Byoung Wook , Choe Kyu Ok 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo determine the feasibility and usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating cardiovascular invasion of a thoracic mass by demonstrating the sliding motion between the mass and adjacent structures.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six patients (17 males and nine females, mean age = 49 years) were included in this study. They all had thoracic masses with equivocal cardiovascular invasion on chest CT scan and/or MRI that were surgically confirmed. The pathologic diagnoses were teratoma/thymic tumor (N = 12), lung cancer (N = 9), and other thoracic tumor (N = 5). Conventional T1/T2, contrast‐enhanced, and breathheld ECG‐gated cine MRI using a steady‐state free precession (SSFP) technique was performed. The results were compared to the surgical reports.ResultsThe cine MR images showed the presence of sliding motion in 39 structures in 20 patients, which were surgically confirmed as not being invaded, and 15 structures in six patients with the absence of sliding motion noted as tumor invasion. Therefore, the accuracy of the cine MR images was 94.4% (51/54) for evaluating cardiovascular invasion of a thoracic mass.ConclusionMRI can provide additional information and improve the accuracy of preoperative staging for predicting cardiovascular invasion of a thoracic mass by evaluating the sliding motion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:234–241. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraindividual comparison of 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentetate dimeglumine for time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional magnetic resonance angiography of the upper torso
Authors: Fink Christian , Puderbach Michael , Ley Sebastian , Risse Frank , Kuder Tristan A. , Bock M. , Thaler Julian , Plathow Christian , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare the signal characteristics and bolus dynamics of 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M Gd‐DTPA for time‐resolved, three‐dimensional, contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRA of the upper torso.Materials and MethodsTen healthy volunteers were examined with time‐resolved three‐dimensional CE‐MRA (scan time per three‐dimensional data set: 0.86 second; voxel size: 3.6 × 2 × 6.3 mm3). Each volunteer underwent eight individual examinations after intravenous injection of 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/kg body weight (b.w.) of 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M Gd‐DTPA using two injection rates (2.5 and 5 mL/second). The data analysis included quantitative measurements of the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and bolus dispersion (full width at half maximum (FWHM)) in the pulmonary artery, left atrium, and thoracic and abdominal aortas.ResultsNo significant differences in the peak SNR and bolus dispersion were observed between gadobutrol and Gd‐DTPA for all dose levels and injection rates in any of the vascular segments. For both contrast agents a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg b.w. injected with 5 mL/second achieved the highest SNR in all vascular segments.ConclusionFor the imaging parameters used in this study, higher‐concentrated gadolinium chelates offer no relevant advantages for time‐resolved three‐dimensional CE‐MRA of the upper torso. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:286–290. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary study on the monitoring of glutathione S‐tranferase activity toward styrene oxide by electromigration methods
Authors: Šišková Zdeňka , Glatz Zdeněk , Kahle Vladislav 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new method has been developed for the monitoring of glutathione S‐tranferase (GST) detoxification activity toward styrene oxide (SO). The enzymatic reaction was carried out directly in a thermostatted autosampler vial and the formation of conjugates between glutathione (GSH) and SO was monitored by sequential MEKC runs. The determinations were performed in a 50‐μm fused silica capillary using 50 mM SDS in 20 mM phosphate 20 mM tetraborate buffer (pH 8.3) as a background electrolyte; separation voltage 28 kV (positive polarity), temperature of capillary 25°C, and detection at 200 nm. The method is rapid, amenable to automation, and requires only small amounts of samples, which is especially important in the case of GST isoenzyme analyses.
Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of D‐fructose and D‐glucose by sodium salts of N‐(chloro)‐mono/di‐substituted benzenesulfonamides in aqueous alkaline medium
Authors: Gowda B. Thimme , Damodara N. , Jyothi K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn an effort to introduce N‐chloroarylsulfonamides of different oxidizing strengths, nine sodium salts of mono‐ and di‐substituted N‐chloroarylsulfonamides are employed as oxidants for studying the kinetics of oxidation of D‐fructose and D‐glucose in aqueous alkaline medium. The results are analyzed along with those by the sodium salts of N‐chlorobenzenesulfonamide and N‐chloro‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide. The reactions show first‐order kinetics each in [oxidant], [Fru/Glu], and [OH−]. The rates slightly increase with increase in ionic strength of the medium. Further, the rate of oxidation of fructose is higher by 4 to 5 times than that of the glucose oxidation, by the same oxidant. Similarly, Ea values for glucose oxidations are higher by about 1.5 times the Ea values for fructose oxidations. The results have been explained by a plausible mechanism, and the related rate law deduced. The significant changes in the kinetics and thermodynamic data are observed with change of substituent in the benzene ring. It is because Cl+ is the effective oxidizing species in the reactions of N‐chloroarylsulfonamides. The oxidative strengths of the latter therefore depend on the ease with which Cl+ is released from them. The ease with which Cl+ is released from N‐chloroarylsulfonamides depends on the electron density of the nitrogen atom of the sulfonamide group, which in turn depends on the nature of the substituent in the benzene ring. The following Hammett equations are valid for the oxidation of fructose and glucose, log kobs = −3.13 + 0.54 σp and log kobs = −3.81 + 0.28 σp, respectively. The enthalpies and entropies of activations for oxidations by all the N‐chloroarylsulfonamides correlate well with isokinetic temperatures of 301 K and 299 K, for fructose and glucose oxidations, respectively. The effect of substitution in the oxidants on the Ea and log A for the oxidations is also considered. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 572–582, 2005
Kinetics of oxidation of adenosine by t‐butoxyl radical: Protection and repair by caffeic acid
Authors: Charitha L. , Adinarayana M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of adenosine and caffeic acid by t‐BuO• has been studied by the photolysis of t‐BuOOH in the presence of t‐BuOH. The rates and the quantum yields (φ) of oxidation of caffeic acid by t‐BuO• radicals have been determined in the absence and presence of varying concentrations of adenosine. An increase in the concentration of adenosine has been found to decrease the rate of oxidation of caffeic acid suggesting that adenosine and caffeic acid compete for t‐BuO• radicals. From competition kinetics, the rate constant of t‐BuO•–caffeic acid reaction has been calculated to be 8.15 × 108 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The results of experimentally determined quantum yield (φexptl) values of oxidation of caffeic acid and the quantum yield values calculated (φcal) by assuming that caffeic acid reacts only with t‐BuO• radicals suggest that caffeic acid not only protects adenosine from t‐BuO• radicals but also repairs adenosine radicals formed by the reaction of t‐BuO• radicals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 515–521, 2005
Indigo dyes as indicators for oxidation reactions: Competition kinetic studies
Authors: Al‐Ajlouni Ahmad M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe use of indigo dyes as competiters to study the kinetics of oxidation reactions is reported. The kinetic model was theoretically investigated using the kinetic simulation program KinSim under conditions involving very limiting concentrations of the indigo dye relative to both the oxidant and the reductant. Complete kinetic results on the reaction of an oxidant with a reductant can be obtained indirectly from observing the absorbance changes due to the loss in the indigo dye at 600 nm (ε600∼2 × 104 M−1cm−1). Experimental data from the oxidation of an olefin (cyclohexene) with m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid in the presence of an indigo dye were used to check the validity of the kinetic model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 532–537, 2005