bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of a delay in initiating radiation therapy on prostate‐specific antigen outcome for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma
Authors: Nguyen Paul L. , Whittington Richard , Koo Sophia , Schultz Delray , Cote Kerri B. , Loffredo Marian , McMahon Elizabeth , Renshaw Andrew A. , Tomaszewski John E. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo determine whether a delay in initiating external beam radiation therapy (RT) following diagnosis could impact prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) outcome for patients with localized prostate cancer, 460 patients, who received 3D conformal RT to a median dose of 70.4 Gy for clinically localized prostate cancer between 1992 and 2001, were studied.METHODSThe primary endpoint was PSA failure (American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology definition). Estimates of PSA control were made using the Kaplan–Meier method. Delay was defined as the time between diagnosis and the start of RT. Risk groups were defined based on known predictors of PSA outcome, namely, baseline PSA level, clinical T‐category, Gleason score, and percentage of biopsy cores positive for tumor. Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the ability of treatment delay to predict time to PSA failure after adjusting for the other known predictors.RESULTSTreatment delay independently predicted time to PSA failure following diagnosis for high‐risk (Adjusted Hazard Ratio = 1.08 per month; P = 0.029) but not low‐risk patients (P = 0.31). Patients with high‐risk disease (n = 240) had 5‐year estimates of PSA failure‐free survival of 55% versus 39% (Plog‐rank = 0.014) for those with delay < 2.5 months versus ≥ 2.5 months respectively. The median delay was 2.5 months.CONCLUSIONSTreatment delay adversely affected PSA outcome for high‐risk patients but not for low‐risk patients following RT. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Schwann cells express erythropoietin receptor and represent a major target for Epo in peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Gonias Steven L. , Campana W. Marie 
Published: April 2005

AbstractErythropoietin (Epo) expresses potent neuroprotective activity in the peripheral nervous system; however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Epo is upregulated in sciatic nerve after chronic constriction injury (CCI) and crush injury in rats, largely due to local Schwann cell production. In uninjured and injured nerves, Schwann cells also express Epo receptor (EpoR), and its expression is increased during Wallerian degeneration. CCI increased the number of Schwann cells at the injury site and the number was further increased by exogenously administered recombinant human Epo (rhEpo). To explore the activity of Epo in Schwann cells, primary cultures were established. These cells expressed cell‐surface Epo receptors, with masses of 71 and 62 kDa, as determined by surface protein biotinylation and affinity precipitation. The 71‐kDa species was rapidly but transiently tyrosine‐phosphorylated in response to rhEpo. ERK/MAP kinase was also activated in rhEpo‐treated Schwann cells; this response was blocked by pharmacologic antagonism of JAK‐2. RhEpo promoted Schwann cell proliferation, as determined by BrdU incorporation. Cell proliferation was ERK/MAP kinase‐dependent. These results support a model in which Schwann cells are a major target for Epo in injured peripheral nerves, perhaps within the context of an autocrine signaling pathway. EpoR‐induced cell signaling and Schwann cell proliferation may protect injured peripheral nerves and promote regeneration. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD13 (aminopeptidase N) can associate with tumor‐associated antigen L6 and enhance the motility of human lung cancer cells
Authors: Chang Yu‐Wen , Chen Shu‐Chuan , Cheng Ee‐Chun , Ko Ya‐Ping , Lin Yi‐Chieh , Kao Yu‐Rong , Tsay Yeou‐Guang , Yang Pan‐Chyr , Wu Cheng‐Wen , Roffler Steve R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCancer metastasis is a multiple‐step process that involves the regulated interaction of diverse cellular proteins. We recently reported that the expression of tumor‐associated antigen L6 (TAL6) promoted the invasiveness of lung cancer cells and was inversely correlated with disease‐free survival of squamous lung carcinoma patients. We now report that CD13 (aminopeptidase N) can associate with TAL6 and can enhance cancer cell migration. CD13 was shown by coimmunoprecipitation to associate in vitro with TAL6 on several cancer cell lines and to associate in vivo by antibody‐mediated copatching immunofluorescence. CD13 was selectively expressed on highly invasive CL1‐5 lung cancer cells as compared to poorly invasive CL1‐0 lung cancer cells. The role of CD13 aminopeptidase activity in regulating cell motility was investigated with chemical inhibitors, specific antibodies and a catalytically inactive CD13 protein. Inhibition of CD13 aminopeptidase activity by nontoxic concentrations of leuhistin modestly decreased the migration of CL1‐5 cells. In contrast, binding of CD13 by specific antibodies significantly reduced both the migration and the invasion of CL1‐5 cells. Poorly invasive CL1‐0 cells that stably expressed CD13 displayed significantly (p ≤ 0.0005) enhanced cell migration (300% of control). Expression of an enzymatically inactive CD13 mutant on CL1‐0 cells also significantly (p ≤ 0.0005) enhanced cell migration (200% of control). Our results show that TAL6 and CD13 can form a complex on lung cancer cells, that these molecules can modulate cell migration and invasion and that the influence of CD13 on cell motility did not strictly depend on its aminopeptidase activity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal virtual orbitals to relax wave functions built up with transferred extremely localized molecular orbitals
Authors: Genoni Alessandro , Fornili Arianna , Sironi Maurizio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractExtremely localized molecular orbitals (ELMOs), namely orbitals strictly localized on molecular fragments, are easily transferable from one molecule to another one. Hence, they provide a natural way to set up the electronic structure of large molecules using a data base of orbitals obtained from model molecules. However, this procedure obviously increases the energy with respect to a traditional MO calculation. To gain accuracy, it is important to introduce a partial electron delocalization. This can be carried out by defining proper optimal virtual orbitals that supply an efficient set for nonorthogonal configurations to be employed in VB‐like expansions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 827–835, 2005
Distribution of NGF and NT‐3‐like protein immunoreactivity in the teleost kidney
Authors: Arcamone Nadia , Lucini Carla , Borzacchiello Giuseppe , Castaldo Luciana , Gargiulo Giuliana , De Girolamo Paolo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBy means of immunochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we investigated in the kidney of freshwater and marine teleostean species for the presence and localization of three neurotrophins: nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin (NT)‐3. In both species studied, NGF‐like and NT‐3‐like immunoreactivity were present in the kidney with different distribution patterns, while BDNF‐like immunoreactivity was never detected. In goldfish, NGF‐like and NT‐3‐like immunoreactivity were identified extensively in cells along part of the arterial branches adjacent to the afferent arterioles. In scorpion fish, NGF‐like and NT‐3‐like immunoreactive cells were observed both on afferent arterioles and on adjacent secondary branches derived from renal arteries. No immunoreactivity was detected in other renal structures. A staining pattern of immunoreactivity similar to that obtained for NGF and NT‐3 was detected utilizing S100 antibody as a juxtaglomerular (JG) cell marker. Double immunolabellings NGF/S100 and NT‐3/S100 evidenced the coexistence of neurotrophin‐like proteins and S100‐like protein in the same immunoreactive cells, thus identifying them as juxtaglomerular cells. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of molecules immunoreactive to NGF and NT‐3, whose molecular weights were very similar to those of the corresponding mammalian neurotrophins. These findings extend the presence and distribution of NGF‐like and NT‐3‐like IR in the kidney to teleost species, suggesting a probable participation of these proteins in the renal functions of freshwater and marine teleosts. Microsc. Res. Tech. 66:17–24, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embedding of large specimens in glycol methacrylate: Prerequisites for multi‐signal detection and high‐resolution imaging
Authors: De Jonge Henriëtte W. , De Bakker Merijn A.G. , Verbeek Fons J. , Weijs Wim A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAcrylic resin mixtures are commonly used to study microscopic sections of biological specimens, giving the advantage of good morphological preservation. Existing embedding protocols, however, are suitable for tissue blocks, not exceeding 1 mm in thickness. We have developed a protocol to embed larger specimens (up to 2 cm3) in Technovit 8100. This medium allowed us to perform classic histological (trichrome), silver, as well as immunohistochemical staining, needed for multi‐signal detection at high‐resolution imaging to reconstruct a three‐dimensional interpretation of a serially sectioned muscle. The technique was applied to reconstruct the semitendinosus muscle of a fetal pig, 44 days post conception, featuring connective tissue, intramuscular nerves, blood vessels, and muscle fibre types. For the reconstruction, a technique was used that enabled us to insert high‐resolution images of histological details into low‐resolution images of the entire muscle. Microsc. Res. Tech. 66:25–30, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng leaf extracts on the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt: A scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Dey Sudip , Sinha Bikramjit , Kalita Jatin 
Published: April 2005

AbstractScanning electron microscopic study revealed some remarkable adverse effects of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng leaf extract on cuticular and antennal sensilla of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. The study appears to be the first of its kind in providing evidence on toxic property of the plant on certain agricultural pests, although the indigenous tribes of the region know the insecticidal property of the plant for a long time. The study further provides indications regarding the neurotoxic nature of the leaf extract since it has caused abnormalities in the sensory structures. The presence of prominent swellings in some sensilla and shrinkage in others suggests that the leaf extract affects different systems through different mechanisms. The possible use of the plant as a potential biopesticide against certain insect pests is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 66:31–36, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammatory cell recruitment and adhesion to methyl‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers: Effect of implantation time
Authors: Barbosa Judite N. , Barbosa Mário A. , Águas Artur P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe contribution of methyl groups in implant‐triggered inflammation was investigated in vivo using self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold. The CH3‐coated implants were inserted in an air‐pouch cavity induced in BALB/c mice. The in situ inflammatory response was monitored 24, 48, and 72 hours later. Inflammatory cells recovered from the air pouches were counted and observed by light microscopy. The cellularity of the implant surfaces was defined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In comparison with gold implants, the CH3‐coated SAMs recruited a significantly higher number of inflammatory cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were more numerous than mononuclear cells (Mo) in the exudates recovered from the air pouches with CH3‐coated SAMs. The opposite PMN/Mo proportion was observed in air pouches of the two control groups (mice receiving gold implants or sham‐operated animals). A low density of adherent cells was seen on CH3‐coated implants, with no significant quantitative differences during the time course of the study. In contrast, the gold‐coated surfaces were covered with numerous cells during all of the 3 days of the inflammation. In conclusion, implants with CH3 surfaces are likely to induce PMN‐dominated local acute inflammation but these surfaces are not associated with a significant adherence of leukocytes to the implant. Microsc. Res. Tech. 66:37–42, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc alleviates growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by cadmium in rice
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Jaffar , Zhang Guoping , Wu Feibo , Wei Kang , Chen Zhonghua 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA hydroponic experiment with two rice cultivars differing in cadmium (Cd) tolerance was conducted to investigate the alleviating effect of zinc (Zn) on growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by Cd. Treatments consisted of all combinations of two Zn concentrations (0.2 and 1 μM), three Cd concentrations (0, 1, and 5 μM), and two rice cultivars (Bing 97252, Cd‐tolerant; Xiushui 63, Cd‐sensitive). Cd toxicity caused a dramatic reduction in plant height and biomass, chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate, and an increase in Cd concentration in both roots and shoots, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in shoots. The response of all these parameters was much larger for Xiushui 63 than for Bing 97252. Addition of Zn to the medium solution alleviated Cd toxicity, which was reflected in a significant increase in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, and photosynthetic rate, and a marked decrease in MDA concentration and activity of anti‐oxidative enzymes. However, it was noted that Zn increased shoot Cd concentration at higher Cd supply, probably due to the enhancement of Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the effect of Zn supply on Cd translocation from vegetative organs to grains or grain Cd accumulation before Zn fertilizer is applied to Cd‐contaminated soils to alleviate Cd toxicity in rice.
Osmotic stress and silicon act additively in enhancing pathogen resistance in barley against barley powdery mildew
Authors: Wiese Joachim , Wiese Heike , Schwartz Jana , Schubert Sven 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOsmotic stress as well as silicon (Si) improve the resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ingrid) against barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei Speer). Nothing is known about interactions, particularly whether Si is necessary for pathogen resistance induced by osmotic stress. In this paper, we show that Si nutrition was not necessary for osmotic‐stress‐induced pathogen resistance. Si‐mediated resistance could, however, be enhanced by osmotic stress and vice versa. Even at maximum Si‐mediated resistance, further enhancement of pathogen resistance by osmotic stress was possible. The fungus was controlled by the formation of effective papillae in both treatments. The combined effect of Si and osmotic stress was as strong as the calculated addition of the Si and the osmotic‐stress effect. Our data clearly show that the effect of osmotic stress and Si is not competitive but additive. A synergistic action of both treatments cannot be supported by our data. It is assumed that the basal pathogen resistance of barley is enhanced by Si due to strengthening of papillae in addition to the increased formation of effective papillae induced by osmotic stress. Therefore, the addition of Si increases pathogen resistance equally at all investigated NaCl concentrations. A function of Si in pathogen defense exceeding the strengthening of papillae is not supported by our data.
Eignung eines großen Flüssigkeits‐ und eines Luftpyknometers zur Bestimmung des Rohvolumens von Feststoffen unterschiedlicher Art und Größe
Authors: Deller Berthold 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDas Feststoffvolumen von Materialien, die sowohl relativ große als auch spezifisch leichte Bestandteile enthalten, kann nach DIN ISO 11508 (mit relativ kleinen Flüssigkeitspyknometern (FP) und submerser Wägung in Wasser) nicht bestimmt werden. Deshalb wurde geprüft, ob es ohne Zerkleinerung des Untersuchungsmaterials in einem größeren FP (ca. 280 cm3) oder einem Luftpyknometer (LP) genau genug zu ermitteln ist.Materialien mit gröberen Bestandteilen bzw. Feststoffe mit sehr unterschiedlicher Rohdichte ergaben mit dem FP größere Differenzen zwischen Parallelansätzen als die wiederholte Befüllung mit Wasser und die Untersuchung von feinkörnigen Mineralböden erwarten ließ. Die wesentliche Ursache dafür wird in der materialspezifischen Inhomogenität gesehen. Das FP scheint somit für die Untersuchung von Materialien mit Partikeldurchmessern von bis zu 3 cm grundsätzlich geeignet. Die Bestimmung muss jedoch jeweils an mindestens zwei Parallelproben erfolgen und ggf. erweitert werden, um verlässliche Mittelwerte zu erhalten.Die gleiche Bestimmung mit einem selbst gebauten LP ergab zu niedrige Werte für das Rohvolumen, wenn die Materialien ofentrocken, lufttrocken und feucht waren (Ausnahme: solche mit kompakten und relativ großen Partikeln). Die Fehler traten sowohl bei der Messung durch Luftdrucksenkung (ca. –300 hPa) als auch unter Druckerhöhung (ca. 100 hPa) auf. Das Volumen von reinem Wasser konnte demgegenüber unter Druckerhöhung wesentlich genauer und richtiger bestimmt werden. Nach Kochen der Proben (wie für die Flüssigkeitspyknometrie) und Überdecken mit Wasser in der LP‐Messkammer waren die Ergebnisse deutlich besser mit denen des FP vergleichbar und plausibler. Die Fehlerursachen werden darin gesehen, dass die Messung durch adsorbierte Luft (getrocknete und lufttrockene Proben) gestört wird bzw. Wasser von den Materialoberflächen während des Messvorganges verdampft.
Sorption of iron‐cyanide complexes on goethite investigated in long‐term experiments
Authors: Rennert Thilo , Kaufhold Stephan , Mansfeldt Tim 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe iron‐cyanide complexes ferrocyanide, [FeII(CN)6]4–, and ferricyanide, [FeIII(CN)6]3–, are anthropogenic contaminants in soil. We investigated their sorption on goethite, α‐FeOOH, in batch experiments in a time range from 1 d to 1 yr, their desorption by phosphate and chloride as well as their surface complexes on goethite by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sorption of both complexes continued over the whole time range. Percent desorption of ferricyanide by phosphate decreased, whereas that of ferrocyanide increased until it amounted to approximately 87% for both complexes. By FTIR spectroscopy inner‐sphere complexation of both complexes on the goethite surface was indicated. With both complexes, a Berlin‐Blue‐like layer (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) was formed initially on the goethite surface which disappeared with increasing reaction time. After at least 30 d reaction time, ferricyanide was the only sorbed iron‐cyanide complex detected even when ferrocyanide was initially added. This resulted from slow oxidation of ferrocyanide, most probably by dissolved oxygen. Based on all results, we propose that ferricyanide forms monodentate inner‐sphere complexes on the goethite surface.
Supercritical fluid chromatography tandem‐column method development in pharmaceutical sciences for a mixture of four stereoisomers
Authors: Barnhart Wesley W. , Gahm Kyung H. , Thomas Sam , Notari Steve , Semin David , Cheetham Janet 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA tandem‐column method using Chiralpak AD‐H and Chiralcel OD‐H columns was achieved for baseline separation of a mixture of chiral pharmaceutical compounds (i. e., four stereoisomers) via supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a mobile phase consisting of 90% liquid carbon dioxide and 10% ethanol:isopropanol (50 : 50 v/v). On the contrary, this mixture (mixture A) could not be baseline separated by SFC conditions explored with individual Chiralpak AD‐H and Chiralcel OD‐H columns. The effects of various mobile phases on elution order, capacity factor, selectivity, and resolution were determined with mixture A on the individual aforementioned columns to develop the tandem‐column method.
Determination of vitamin B5 in human urine by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Heudi Olivier , Fontannaz Patric 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn the present work, we have developed a simple and rapid liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for the identification and quantification of vitamin B5 in human urine. Urine was spiked with vitamin B5 internal standard, hopantenic acid (HOPA), and then diluted with the LC mobile phase prior to its analysis by LC/MS. The quantification was performed in single ion monitoring mode. The calibration curve was linear (r 2 = 0.999) between 0.25 to 10 μg/mL. With a limit of detection of 0.1 μg/mL the method was sensitive enough to determine low levels of vitamin B5 in urine. The overall quantitative efficiency of the method was evaluated by spiking urine samples with four different concentrations of vitamin B5; the intra‐assay coefficient of variation was below 5% and the recoveries were between 96 to 108%. The results of the present study show that the proposed method is selective and sensitive enough for the quantification of vitamin B5 in urine.
Structure–activity relationships of inverse agonists for G‐protein‐coupled receptors
Authors: Soudijn Willem , Wijngaarden Ineke van , Ijzerman Adriaan P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt has been recently established that G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be constitutively active, i.e., they can be active in the absence of an agonist. This activity can be inhibited by so‐called inverse agonists. For a number of GPCRs, such inverse agonists have been developed and studied, now enabling for the first time a study into their structure–activity relationships. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel family of triphenylamine‐containing, hole‐transporting, amorphous, aromatic polyamides with stable electrochromic properties
Authors: Su Tzy‐Hsiang , Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report the preparation and characterization of a series of novel electrochromic, aromatic poly(amine amide)s with pendent triphenylamine units. The synthesis proceeded via direct phosphorylation polycondensation between a novel diamine, N,N‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐N′,N′‐diphenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine, and various aromatic dicarboxylic acids. All the poly(amine amide)s were amorphous and readily soluble in many common organic solvents and could be solution‐cast into transparent, tough, and flexible films with good mechanical properties. They exhibited good thermal stability and 10% weight‐loss temperatures above 540 °C. Their glass‐transition temperatures were 263–290 °C. These polymers in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone solutions exhibited strong ultraviolet–visible absorption peaks at 307–358 nm and photoluminescence peaks around 532–590 nm in the green region. The hole‐transporting and electrochromic properties were studied with electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammograms of poly(amine amide) films prepared by the casting of polymer solutions onto an indium tin oxide coated glass substrate exhibited two reversible oxidation redox couples at 0.65 and 1.03 V versus Ag/AgCl in an acetonitrile solution. All the poly(amine amide)s showed excellent stability with respect to their electrochromic characteristics; the color of the films changed from pale yellow to green and then blue at 0.85 and 1.25 V, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2085–2098, 2005