bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Características de 154 niños quemados en un hospital pediátrico de República Dominicana
Authors: Cabrera-Valerio Carlos , Leclerc Raisa Virginia , Suárez Santos Johanna Amparo 
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Las quemaduras son unos de los mayores traumas que puede sufrir un ser humano y constituyen la tercera o cuarta causa de muerte accidental a nivel pediátrico. Considerada un evento frecuente pero prevenible, que afecta el órgano más grande del cuerpo humano: la piel.
Objetivo de esta investigación se fundamentó en determinar las características de quemaduras en pacientes pediátricos en forma ambulatoria y hospitalizada en un hospital pediátrico.
Material y método: Fue un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico donde se obtuvo como resultado 154 pacientes.
Resultados: El rango de edad más frecuente fue de 1-4 años. El sexo masculino predomino ante el femenino con un 57,7%. Se determinó que la causa más común de quemaduras en edad pediátrica son las escaldaduras con un 59%. El área del cuerpo más común afectada por quemaduras, fue el tronco anterior (16,6%) y la superficie corporal total quemada (SCTQ) más frecuente fue del 11-20% con un 42,8%.
Conclusión: Las lesiones por quemaduras ocasionadas en niños son superadas sin complicaciones, cumpliendo regímenes como son la asistencia a curas, ya que la mayoría de los niños son niños sanos y las complicaciones desarrolladas son post-trauma como es la deshidratación e infecciones.
Acute and Delayed Oral Toxicity Studies and Observations on Pregnancy, Gestation and Reproductive Performance of Wistar Rats Administered Limit Dose of Purified Extract from Stem Bark of Antidiabetic Anogeissus leiocarpus (African Birch Tree)
Authors: Esievo King Akpofure Nelson , Esievo Lauretta Oghenekevwe , Sani Dahiru , Esievo Kingsley Oghenerukevwe , Esievo Edith Monica , Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare , Wassagwa John , Rekwot Peter Ibrahim , Allam Lushaikyaa , Uyobisere Edward Oniovosa 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The maximum purification of the extracts of antidiabetic Anogeissus leiocarpus stem bark led to a quest for its lethal dose (LD50) and effects on pregnancy, gestation, pups (kitten) and reproductive performance of Wistar rats.
Design: Extracts of A. leiocarpus were subjected to column and thin layer chromatography until final purification.
Five (5) each of adult male and female rats were used for the study. The revised limit test dose of 2000mg/kg.bd.wt. was used to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and effects on reproductive characteristics of the purified extracts on Wistar rats. The rats were monitored for instant death and 24hours later, 3 each of male and female rats were humanely sacrificed. On day 0 and 24hours later biomarkers of liver damage, AST, ALT, and ALP and that of kidney, urea, were assayed. The remaining 4 rats (2 males and 2 females) were monitored for additional 14days and thereafter for any effect of the limit dose on reproductive activities.
Results: The limit dose caused no death within the first 24hours and no hepato-renal damages. Pregnancy, gestation, parturition, pups (kitten) and reproductive performance were normal. The median lethal Dose (LD50) is > 2000mg/kg./bd.wt.
Conclusion: Animal experimentation, using Wistar rats showed that purified extracts of A. leiocarpus stem bark as a non-conventional drug for diabetes mellitus, has no effects on pregnancy and reproductive performance. There was no teratogenic effect on pups. The compound has a wide range of safety value.
Keywords: Oral Toxicity, Pregnancy, Gestation, Reproductive Performance, Wistar Rats, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Purified Extract
Efficacy of MCIMT with Auditory Cueing in order to Augment Functional Motor Recovery of Chronic Hemiparetic Arm
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Bhatnagar Pallav , Jain Kapila , Goyal Bhupesh , Joshi Nikita 
Published: October 2023

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of functional impairments globally, often resulting in long-term disability and a substantial impact on individuals, families, and caregivers. Learned nonuse, a phenomenon where motor deficits persist after a stroke due to central nervous system suppression, is a significant challenge in stroke rehabilitation. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a well-established neurorehabilitation approach based on behavioural training, which includes repetitive task-specific training, behavioural techniques, and constraining the use of the more affected upper extremity. CIMT has been successful in improving functionality in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, promoting cortical reorganization and neural plasticity.
Method: This study involved 60 stroke survivors aged 20 or older, selected purposively and meeting specific criteria. Participants underwent an 8-week Modified CIMT (M-CIMT) program with auditory cueing for the hemiparetic upper limb. Data collection included pre-test and post-test assessments using the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) to evaluate functional activity. The M-CIMT program comprised warm-up sessions, M-CIMT protocols, and cool-down exercises, conducted five days a week.
Results: Following participation in the M-CIMT program, significant improvements were observed in WMFT and MAL scores. The mean pre-test score of 46.60 seconds decreased to a mean post-test score of 16.85 seconds, with highly significant t-values of 14.292 and -51.356 and a p-value of 0.0, indicating a strong correlation between the two datasets. The analysis revealed that M-CIMT effectively enhanced upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients.
Conclusion: This study highlights the effectiveness of the Modified CIMT protocol, emphasizing repeated use and a distributed practice schedule, in reducing upper-limb impairment and improving upper-limb use and function in chronic stroke patients. The significant improvement in post-test scores underscores the promise of M-CIMT as a valuable approach for upper extremity rehabilitation following chronic stroke, offering hope for enhanced recovery and improved quality of life for affected individuals.
Keywords: Stroke; Rehabilitation; Upper Extremity; Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy; Motor Activity
Formulation and Evaluation of Niosomal Gel for Treatment of Acne
Authors: Goyal Pallavi , Jain Ashish , Thomas Steffi , Singhai Akhlesh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

A skin disease, like acne, is very common and normally happens to everyone at least once in their lifetime. The structure of the stratum corneum is often compared with a brick wall, with corneocytes surrounded by the mortar of the intercellular lipid lamellae. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis which is notable for open and/or closed comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), and inflammatory lesions including papules, pustules, or nodules. It is a disorder of sebaceous follicles which are special pilosebaceous units located on the face, chest, and back. Skin is one of the most readily available organs on human body for topical management and is the major route of topical drug delivery system. Topical drug administration is a localized drug delivery system everywhere in the body during ophthalmic, vaginal, rectal and skin as topical routes. SA niosomes gel delivery system (SANG1 to SANG5) as a dispersed system, which consists of small droplets and well distributed in to immiscible vehicle. Niosome salicylic acid was prepared by Reverse phase evaporation method using cholesterol and span 80 and tween 20. Niosome were evaluated for vesicle shape, size determination, Entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release study. The result concluded that SANG5 was best formulation with Carbopol 940 (2g), PVP, nutmeg oil base. The drug release profile and release kinetics are two important characteristics of the dosage forms, which play an important role for describing dissolution profile of dosage form.
Keywords: Topical drug delivery, Acne vulgaris, Niosomes, Gel, Carbopol 940, nutmeg oil
Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity assay of Cardamom-based nutraceuticals in comparison with 1,8 -Cineol
Authors: Korambayil Pradeoth Mukundan , Varkey Prashanth , Tharakan Matthan 
Published: October 2023

Aim: To investigate anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic effects and viability of Recovereez- 51% 1,8-Cineol and 1,8-Cineol (natural), and to determine safety for both of the compounds and its use in new product range of nutraceuticals.
Methodology: Cell line was divided into two groups; one was treated with Recovereez(R) and another one with 1,8-Cineol(C). The ELISA assay method was used to measure the COX, LOX, MPO, NO, and nitrate levels. Cellular viability was performed by observing cells under the inverted phase contrast microscope, followed by MTT assay.
Results: R&C showed a reduction in levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, LOX, MPO, COX, iNOS, and nitrate levels. The inhibition as observed in the levels of COX and LOX enzymes were 65%±0.1 and 59%±0.3µg/ml, and 72%±0.3 and 67%±0.4µg/ml for R&C, respectively. iNOS production showed inhibition by 70%±0.3 and 65%±0.8µg/ml and NO production were reduced by 193 and 209.5µg/ml by R&C, respectively. Again, there was a decrease in the activity of MPO by 0.35 and 0.39U/ml for R&C, respectively. The results were significant with p<0.001 compared to the Diclofenac sodium. Cell viability of 60% was observed upon treating L929 cells with R&C.
Conclusion: R&C exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells without exerting cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, Recovereez could be used as an alternative treatment or to prevent inflammatory diseases. Moreover, R&C are expected to treat different types of cancer. The findings could potentially lead to the discovery of safe and effective bioactive compounds that can prevent or cure the occurrence of cancerous cells.
Keywords: dietary supplements, nutraceutical, COX, anti-inflammation, cancer
A Review Exploring Therapeutic Effect of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Compounds
Authors: Kurup Shilpa S , Jat Rakesh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

There are many synthesized compounds that contain the five-membered aromatic ring 1,3,4-oxadiazole. It is advantageous for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives to have effective binding with various enzymes and receptors in biological systems through numerous weak interactions, eliciting a variety of bioactivities. This is made possible by the peculiar structural feature of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with pyridine type of nitrogen atom. For scientists, research on the creation of derivatives based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole has become an intriguing subject. Numerous 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based compounds with strong therapeutic potencies are widely utilized to treat a variety of illnesses, which has a significant positive impact on development. In the entire spectrum of medicinal chemistry, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other therapeutic agents, this work provides a systematic and thorough review. It is anticipated that this evaluation will be very beneficial for fresh ideas in the search for logical designs for the creation of more effective and less harmful 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based pharmaceutical medicines.
Keywords: 1,3,4-oxadiazole; anticancer; antimicrobial; antioxidant; isoforms; therapeutic worth.
Synthesis, Characterisation, Invitro anticancer activity of Diazo Derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Kurup Shilpa S , Jat Rakesh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

This study delves into the comprehensive evaluation of newly synthesized Diazo Derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds, including Aniline, Ortho nitro aniline, Meta nitro aniline, Ortho anisidine, Meta anisidine, 3-chloro aniline, 2,6-dimethyl aniline, 2,5- dicloro aniline, and 3,5- dichloro aniline, aiming to unravel their potential as antioxidants and anticancer agents. The assessment of antioxidant potential involved the utilization of the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was assessed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the MTT assay. Morphological assessments using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Results were expressed as IC50 values, with 2,5-dichloro aniline and 3-chloro aniline demonstrating remarkable antioxidant activity, each with an IC50 value of 62.5 µg/mL. Several other compounds also exhibited significant antioxidant properties, albeit with slightly higher IC50 values. Notably, Ortho anisidine and Ortho nitro aniline displayed no substantial inhibitory activity against oxidative stress. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was assessed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the MTT assay, with IC50 values ranging from 62.5 to 1000 µg/mL. 2,5-dichloro aniline and 3-chloro aniline emerged as potent inhibitors, both achieving an IC50 value of 62.5 µg/mL. Aniline, Meta nitro aniline, Meta anisidine, 2,6-dimethyl aniline, and 3,5-dichloro aniline exhibited intermediate inhibitory activity, while Ortho anisidine and Ortho nitro aniline showed no significant inhibition. Morphological assessments using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining revealed diverse cellular responses induced by 2,5-dichloro aniline and 3-chloro aniline treatment. These changes align with well-established apoptotic processes observed in therapeutically treated cell lines. This research contributes valuable insights into the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Diazo Derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds, with 2,5-dichloro aniline and 3-chloro aniline emerging as promising candidates for further exploration in combatting oxidative stress and breast cancer. These findings underscore the importance of antioxidants in cancer prevention and the potential therapeutic applications of these compounds.
Keywords: Diazo Derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2,5-dichloro aniline, 3-chloro aniline, DPPH, MTT assay, MCF-7
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Rama Rao Tadikonda , Pratiksha B. , Navyasri C. , Kalita Dwip Jyoti , Alam Shahzad 
Published: October 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the buildup of fat in the liver, and it is not caused by excessive alcohol consumption. NAFLD is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 30% of the population in developed countries and around 10% in developing nations. As a result, NAFLD has become the most prevalent liver condition worldwide.
The development of NAFLD is closely linked to insulin resistance, making it common among individuals who have central obesity or diabetes. Insulin resistance and excess body fat contribute to a higher influx of lipids into the liver and an increased production of new fats within the liver, known as de novo hepatic lipogenesis. These processes ultimately lead to the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, a characteristic feature of NAFLD.
NAFLD is closely associated with components of the metabolic syndrome, and individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing cirrhosis and its related complications. While cardiovascular disease and extra hepatic malignancy are the leading causes of death in people with NAFLD, the presence of advanced liver fibrosis is a significant indicator of liver-related outcomes and overall mortality. Non-invasive tests that combine various methods can be used to assess the extent of liver fibrosis. Patients diagnosed with cirrhosis should undergo screenings for hepatocellular carcinoma (a type of liver cancer) and esophageal varices. Currently, there are no approved therapies for NAFLD; however, there are several drugs in advanced stages of development that show promise for future treatment options.
Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Weight management, Bariatric surgery, Metabolic surgery, Conservative therapy.
Evaluation of Quality of Life in Rheumatological Patients with Post-Tonsillectomy
Authors: Baloğlu Murat 
Published: October 2023

Aim: The main aim of the study was to determine whether tonsillectomy improves the quality of life in adults suffering from chronic or recurrent tonsillitis and in rheumatologically treated patients.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted on seropositive or seronegative patients (n=50) who were followed up with various rheumatological diagnoses (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, etc.) at the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic of SBU Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Education Research Hospital and who were diagnosed with acute or chronic tonsillitis and who applied to the ENT clinic. It was done to follow the pre- and post-operative conditions. In these patients who were decided to undergo surgical treatment, HAQ (Health assessment questionnaire) quality of life scale and VAS (Visual Analog Scala) were applied to evaluate the perception of pain before and at the 6th month after the operation.
Results: In this study of 50 adults, mean age was 28.0 years (SD 7.2 years), 38 adults were followed up in the 1st month of diagnosis, while 12 adults were followed up in the 7th month of diagnosis. All patients experienced significant improvements throughout the treatment process. According to the results of the patients' quality of life scale, it was determined that it increased significantly, primarily due to improvements in general and physical areas. 96% (96/100) of participating patients reported benefiting from tonsillectomy. Patients in the postoperative control group had significantly higher quality of life scores than patients in the preoperative case group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Adult patients who underwent tonsillectomy due to acute tonsillitis reported improvement in their quality of life 6 months after surgery. Based on this, physical examination of rheumatological patients who have rheumatological diseases and have undergone tonsillectomy and it is likely to improve general health, create a sense of well-being in patients, and improve overall quality of life. The social benefits of tonsillectomy appear to be negligible. The effects are likely to be long-lasting and have a greater impact on younger patients. The presence of chronic rheumatological disease due to tonsillar inflammation and infective symptoms are the main factors affecting the severity of the disease.
Effects of Meningic Extract on Testicular Torsion/Detorsion
Authors: ERDEMCİ Fikri , DEVECİ Engin , Aşır Fırat , TÜRE Zeynep , SEVİNÇ Ayşenur , ÖLMEZ Mehmet , TEKELİOĞLU Yavuz 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Testicular torsion leads to impaired blood supply to the testicles and ischaemia. The incidence is higher especially in newborns and adolescents. As in the treatment of many diseases, various plant combinations are used to prevent the damage caused by testicular torsion-detorsion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of meningic (Pistacia terebinthus L.) extract on testicular torsion-detorsion (T/D) injury histopathologically.
Materials and Methods: The 24 animals used in our experiment were randomly divided into 3 groups. Testicular tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAS stains to evaluate histological changes. Modified Johnsen scoring was then performed.
Results: In the sham group sections, seminiferous tubules were regular and germinal epithelium at various stages of spermatogenesis was seen in 4-5 rows on the basal lamina. In PAS stained sections of the sham group, the basement membrane was regular. In the sections of T/D group, destruction of seminiferous tubules, dilatation and congestion were observed in the vessels in the interstitial area. Thickening of the basal laminae of the seminiferous tubules was also detected in the sections of the T/D group stained with PAS. In the sections of meningic + T/D group, a partial recovery was observed in the seminiferous tubules. The basal lamina thickness in PAS-stained sections of meningic + T/D group was found to be close to normal. According to the results of modified Johnsen score analysis, there was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that meningih extract partially protects the testis and its functions.
Keywords: Testicular injury, torsion, detorsion, meningic extract
EGFR expression in COVID19 placentas
Authors: LİMANDAL Çisem , AKKUŞ Murat , DEVECİ Engin , Aşır Fırat , FINDIKLI Necati , KONK AKINCI Dilara , ÖZDEMİR BAŞARAN Süreyya , KAPLAN Özge , PEKER Nurullah 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health problem that has claimed many lives worldwide. The disease is affecting almost all populations, but it poses a particular risk for groups such as the elderly and those with chronic diseases. Although the number of studies on clinical situations involving pregnant women and their infants infected with COVID-19 is increasing, the factors supporting the negative association between COVID-19 and pregnancy remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the placental histopathologic structure using EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor) antibody in placentas of COVID-19 pregnant patients.
Materials and methods: In our study, placentas of a total of 40 pregnant women (regardless of age), including 20 pregnant women with C0VID-19 and 20 normotensive pregnant women, were used, and placentas were compared histopathologically and immunohistochemically.
Results: In the hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the control group placentas, tissue integrity was preserved and cellular structures were normal. In the placentas of Covid -19 group patients, it was observed that degenerations increased and cellular deformations developed. In sections of control group placentas, EGFR expression was negative in decidual cells and in areas with syncytial nodes. EGFR expression was positive in cytotrophoblast cells. In placenta sections of Covid-19 patients, EGFR expression was positive in vascular endothelium and Hofbauer cells.
Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that EGFR expression, an important biomarker in tissue regeneration, was inhibited. We also concluded that Covid-19 caused degeneration and inflammation in placental tissue.