bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights to the production of SnS-cubic thin films by vacuum thermal evaporation for photovoltaics
Authors: Sánchez Fabiola De Bray , Nair M T S , Nair P K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thin films of SnS-CUB with a lattice constant of 11.6 Å, 32 units of SnS per cell and an optical bandgap (E
g) of 1.7 eV (direct), are mostly produced by chemical techniques. This cubic polymorph is distinct from its orthorhombic polymorph (SnS-ORT) with an E
g of 1.1 eV. This work is on the deposition of SnS-CUB thin films of 100–300 nm in thickness by thermal evaporation at substrate temperatures of 400 °C–475 °C on glass or on a chemically deposited SnS-CUB thin film (100 nm). Under a slow deposition rate (3 nm min−1) from a SnS powder source at 900 °C, the thin film formed on a SnS-CUB film or glass substrate at 450 °C is SnS-CUB. At a substrate temperatures of 200 °C–350 °C, the thin film is of SnS-ORT. A low atomic flux and a higher substrate temperature favor the growth of SnS-CUB thin film. The E
g of the SnS-CUB film is nearly 1.7 eV (direct gap), and that of the SnS-CUB film is 1.2 eV (indirect gap). The electrical conductivity (σ) of SnS-CUB and SnS-ORT films are 10–7 and 0.01 Ω–1 cm−1, respectively. A proof-of-concept solar cell of the SnS-CUB thin film showed an open circuit voltage of 0.478 V, compared with 0.283 V for the SnS-ORT solar cell. The insights to the deposition of SnS-CUB and SnS0.45Se0.55-CUB (E
g, 1.57 eV; σ, 0.02 Ω−1 cm−1) thin films by vacuum thermal evaporation offer new outlook for their applications.
Double-speed piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester driven by cross-moving magnets
Authors: Shi Ge , Hu Xiangzhan , Xia Yinshui , Jia Shengyao , Wang Xiudeng , Xia Huakang , Sun Yanwei , Shi Mang , Wang Binrui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Energy harvesters have gained popularity as green energy devices that transform mechanical energy from the environment into electricity. However, traditional piezoelectric energy harvesters are limited by narrowband response, and the output capability of electromagnetic energy harvesters is dependent on the rate of magnetic field changes on the coil, which is constrained by the device’s structure. To address these issues, this paper presents a hybrid energy harvester (HEH) that combines coils and arc magnets, forming an electromagnetic component (EMEH). Additionally, it incorporates a piezoelectric cantilever beam (PECB) as a piezoelectric component (PEH). Unlike traditional electromagnetic energy harvesters, this design utilizes two arc magnets to drive the rotating brackets, thereby achieving the opposite movement of the coil and magnet. This increases the relative velocity and consequently enhances the rate of magnetic field change on the coil. Simultaneously, it achieves frequency up-conversion by inducing vibration in the PECB through magnetic force. Under an external excitation of 5.5 Hz, the PEH achieves a maximum power of 0.362 mW at a load resistance of 330 kΩ, while the EMEH with 1200 turns of coil attains a maximum power of 8.74 mW at a load resistance of 110 Ω. The power density of the PEH reaches 94.96 μW cm−3. These results highlight the significant potential of the proposed energy harvester for powering low-power devices.
Finger joint aligned flat tube folding structure for robotic glove design
Authors: Liu Hao , Wu Changchun , Lin Senyuan , Chen Yonghua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pneumatic soft actuators have been widely considered the safest actuation technology for use in wearable rehabilitation robots. For soft robotic gloves, researchers commonly put soft extending or bending actuators on dorsal fingers to assist hand flexion. In this research, we propose a novel pre-folded flat tube actuator (PFTA) to assist finger flex into a pre-set bending angle or contact force. The PFTA has three folds, aligned with each of the finger joint. Different from other soft actuators, the PFTA exerts bending torque directly on each finger joint without large actuator deformation. The PFTA made of heat shrink flat tube has a small profile, with low cost, easy fabrication, and high safety. When actuated, the PFTA has the tendency to unfold as well, we call this effect as unfolding flat tube actuation. This effect is characterized by a range of bending angles and input air pressures in which four distinct response regimes were observed. They are defined as shearing, collapsing, creasing, and flattening regimes. Similarly, experimental characterization of PFTAs is also conducted to evaluate the level of joint flexion assistance based on which design guidelines for robotic gloves are recommended. Finally, we build PFTAs on a soft wearable glove and demonstrate their capability in assisting the grasping operations of various object shapes.
Detection of atomic vortex beam using the near-field diffraction method
Authors: Deechuen Pissunee , Srisuphaphon Sorakrai , Buathong Sitti , Deachapunya Sarayut 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We theoretically introduce the method for detecting the atomic vortex (AV) of a helium atomic beam. The AV detection is based on near-field diffraction. The simulations relied on the Feynman path integral. The Gaussian beam and velocity distribution of helium atoms are taken into account. Gravitational field is also included in this study. This research can be useful in the field of matter-wave optics.
Asymptotic behaviour of energy levels of a quantum free particle in an elliptic sector
Authors: Nikulin M A , Popelensky Th Yu , Shafarevich A I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study quantum solution for a free particle in a domain bounded by an ellipse and arc(s) of confocal hyperbola(s). We found asymptotic behaviour of energy levels as focal distance tends to zero and show how it is related to the energy levels of limiting wedge billiard. Classical billiard system in the considered domains is integrable due to existence of an additional conserved quantity. There is a corresponding quantum counterpart, and we calculate its eigenvalues.
An alternative method to mimic mode conversion for ion cyclotron resonance heating
Authors: Zhang J.H. , Zhang X.J. , Qin C.M. , Zhang W. , Yang Y.Q. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ion cyclotron range of frequency waves in hot plasmas exhibit spatial dispersion effects and the wave equation takes the integro-differential form. Under the local plasma model assumption, the wave equation can be simplified to the differential form and adapts to the numerical scheme of the finite element method (FEM). Even though direct absorption of fast waves by ions and electrons can be described well by the local plasma model, linear mode conversion associated with non-local effects is absent. To deal with this issue, an alternative method is put forward in this paper where quasi-electrostatic fluid waves based on the multi-fluid warm plasma model are employed to take the place of ion Bernstein waves in mode conversion. On this basis, an interative fluid-kinetics (INTFLUK) code based on the FEM is developed for full-wave simulation in hot plasmas. Derivation of the wave equations as well as benchmarking of the INTFLUK code against other wave simulation codes are carried out. In both one- and two-dimensional cases, the validity of the INTFLUK code was verified by comparison of the wave field distributions and power deposition. As a useful illustration of the INTFLUK code including the scrape-off layer and a realistic antenna, the influence of the poloidal antenna phasing difference on ion cyclotron resonance heating is analyzed. Finally, it should be noted that the method in this paper has the potential to be extended to the three-dimensional case, which will be considered in the near future.
Improvement of electron temperature and density accuracy in Thomson scattering diagnostics
by an accumulation of 100 laser pulses within 5 milliseconds
Authors: Funaba H. , Yasuhara R. , Uehara H. , Den Hartog D.J. , Yanai R. , Kenmochi N. , Yamada I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to measure the electron temperature and density in high-electron-temperature and
low-density plasmas, improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the Thomson scattering
measurement signal in the Large Helical Device has been tried. One hundred laser pulses of about
1 J in 5 ms were injected at 50 μs intervals into plasmas in an almost steady state. By
averaging the scattered signals obtained from the same plasma and the same location, the noise in
the signals and the error in the background level were also reduced. When the number of signals
to be averaged was large, the scattering of the electron temperature profile was small and the
magnitude of the error also became small.
Deep-learning soft-tissue decomposition in chest radiography using fast fuzzy C-means clustering with CT datasets
Authors: Jeon Duhee , Lim Younghwan , Lee Minjae , Kim Guna , Cho Hyosung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chest radiography is the most routinely used X-ray imaging technique for screening and
diagnosing lung and chest disease, such as lung cancer and pneumonia. However, the clinical
interpretation of the hidden and obscured anatomy in chest X-ray images remains challenging
because of the bony structures overlapping the lung area. Thus, multi-perspective imaging with a
high radiation dose is often required. In this study, to address this problem, we propose a
deep-learning soft-tissue decomposition method using fast fuzzy C-means (FFCM) clustering with
computed tomography (CT) datasets. In this method, FFCM clustering is used to decompose a CT image
into bone and soft-tissue components, which are synthesized into digitally reconstructed
radiographs (DRRs) to obtain large amounts of X-ray decomposition datasets as ground truths for
training. In the training stage, chest and soft-tissue DRRs are used as input and label data,
respectively, for training the network. During the testing, a chest X-ray image is fed into the
trained network to output the corresponding soft-tissue image component. To verify the efficacy of
the proposed method, we conducted a feasibility study on clinical CT datasets available from the
AAPM Lung CT Challenge. According to our results, the proposed method effectively yielded
soft-tissue decomposition from chest X-ray images; this is encouraging for reducing the visual
complexity of chest X-ray images. Consequently, the finding of our feasibility study indicate that
the proposed method can offer a promising outcome for this purpose.
Cosmic muons as PMT and SiPM detector background signals
Authors: Fardipour Raki Gholamreza , Khakzad Mohsen , AbdusSalam Shehu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Photomultiplier tube (PMT) and Silicon Photo Multiplier
(SiPM) are often used for detecting small number of photons or very
weak radiations. A light guide usually connects these photodetectors
to the test space. In this article, we investigate the effect of
background signals caused by cosmic muons scintillation or
interactions with PMT and SiPM, their light guide or input window
materials. We study such interactions by making simulations using
GATE software package and undertaking experiments using detector
circuits developed as in [1]. The background cosmic
muons can generate photons which will lead to errors in low
radiation and single photon detection experiments especially if
standard scintillators are not used. For such experiments, we
conclude that the most useful method for cutting down the cosmic
muons background should be by conducting the experiments deep
underground or inside tunnels with several tens of meters of
materials above it.
Tilt-induced charge localisation in phosphide antiperovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Wu Ruiqi , Ganose Alex M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Antiperovskites are a rich family of compounds with applications in battery cathodes, superconductors, solid-state lighting, and catalysis. Recently, a novel series of antimonide phosphide antiperovskites (A
3SbP, where A = Ca, Sr Ba) were proposed as candidate photovoltaic absorbers due to their ideal band gaps, small effective masses and strong optical absorption. In this work, we explore this series of compounds in more detail using relativistic hybrid density functional theory. We reveal that the proposed cubic structures are dynamically unstable and instead identify a tilted orthorhombic Pnma phase as the ground state. Tilting is shown to induce charge localisation that widens the band gap and increases the effective masses. Despite this, we demonstrate that the predicted maximum photovoltaic efficiencies remain high (24%–31% for 200 nm thin films) by bringing the band gaps into the ideal range for a solar absorber. Finally, we assess the band alignment of the series and suggest hole and electron contact materials for efficient photovoltaic devices.
Generating smooth potential landscapes with thermal scanning-probe lithography
Authors: Lassaline Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) uses a sharp tip to interrogate surfaces with atomic precision. Inputs such as mechanical, electrical, or thermal energy can activate highly localized interactions, providing a powerful class of instruments for manipulating materials on small length scales. Thermal scanning-probe lithography (tSPL) is an advanced SPM variant that uses a silicon tip on a heated cantilever to locally sublimate polymer resist, acting as a high-resolution lithography tool and a scanning probe microscope simultaneously. The main advantage of tSPL is the ability to electrically control the temperature and applied force of the tip, which can produce smooth topographical surfaces that are unattainable with conventional nanofabrication techniques. Recent investigations have exploited these surfaces to generate potential landscapes for enhanced control of photons, electrons, excitons, and nanoparticles, demonstrating a broad range of experimental possibilities. This paper outlines the principles, procedures, and limitations of tSPL for generating smooth potentials and discusses the prospective impact in photonics, electronics, and nanomaterials science.
Quantifying the hierarchical adherence of modular documents
Authors: Benatti Alexandre , Brito Ana C M , Amancio Diego R , da F Costa Luciano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Several natural and artificial structures are characterized by an intrinsic hierarchical organization. The present work describes a methodology for quantifying the degree of adherence between a given hierarchical template and a respective modular document (e.g. books or homepages with content organized into modules) organized as a respective content network. The original document, which in the case of the present work concerns Wikipedia pages, is transformed into a respective content network by first dividing the document into parts or modules. Then, the contents (words) of each pair of modules are compared in terms of the coincidence similarity index, yielding a respective weight. The adherence between the hierarchical template and the content network can then be measured by considering the coincidence similarity between the respective adjacency matrices, leading to the respective hierarchical adherence index. In order to provide additional information about this adherence, four specific indices are also proposed, quantifying the number of links between non-adjacent levels, links between nodes in the same level, converging links between adjacent levels, and missing links. The potential of the approach is illustrated respectively to model-theoretical networks as well as to real-world data obtained from Wikipedia. In addition to confirming the effectiveness of the suggested concepts and methods, the results suggest that real-world documents do not tend to substantially adhere to respective hierarchical templates.
Understanding the quality and safety of food production through the lens of The Microbiome of The Built Environment
Authors: Imai Kota , Niwa Ryo , Fujioka Masaki , Ito Kohei 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The Microbiome of the Built Environment (MoBE) is profoundly implicated in various sectors, including food science. The balance between beneficial and pathogenic microbes in these facilities directly influences product quality and public health. Maintaining a careful check on MoBE and external microbes is vital to the food industry to ensure quality control. There is also a risk of contamination in the meat processing facility as well. However, over-sanitization can increase drug-resistant microbes, highlighting the importance of balanced microbial management. Additionally, facility design, influenced by understanding MoBE, can optimize the growth of beneficial microbes and inhibit pathogenic microbes. Microbial mapping, an emerging practice, offers insights into microbial hotspots within facilities, resulting in targeted interventions. As the food industry evolves, the intricate understanding and management of MoBE will be pivotal to ensuring optimal food quality, safety, and innovation.
COMMO: a web server for the identification and analysis of consensus gene modules across multiple methods
Authors: Wu Xiaojing , Han Mingfei , Song Xinyu , He Song , Bo Xiaochen , Zhu Yunping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Summary
A variety of computational methods have been developed to identify functionally related gene modules from genome-wide gene expression profiles. Integrating the results of these methods to identify consensus modules is a promising approach to produce more accurate and robust results. In this application note, we introduce COMMO, the first web server to identify and analyze consensus gene functionally related gene modules from different module detection methods. First, COMMO implements eight state-of-the-art module detection methods and two consensus clustering algorithms. Second, COMMO provides users with mRNA and protein expression data for 33 cancer types from three public databases. Users can also upload their own data for module detection. Third, users can perform functional enrichment and two types of survival analyses on the observed gene modules. Finally, COMMO provides interactive, customizable visualizations and exportable results. With its extensive analysis and interactive capabilities, COMMO offers a user-friendly solution for conducting module-based precision medicine research.

Availability and implementation
COMMO web is available at https://commo.ncpsb.org.cn/, with the source code available on GitHub: https://github.com/Song-xinyu/COMMO/tree/master.
Gut immune responses and evolution of the gut microbiome—a hypothesis
Authors: Viney Mark , Cheynel Louise 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The gut microbiome is an assemblage of microbes that have profound effects on their hosts. The composition of the microbiome is affected by bottom-up, among-taxa interactions and by top-down, host effects, which includes the host immune response. While the high-level composition of the microbiome is generally stable over time, component strains and genotypes will constantly be evolving, with both bottom-up and top-down effects acting as selection pressures, driving microbial evolution. Secretory IgA is a major feature of the gut’s adaptive immune response, and a substantial proportion of gut bacteria are coated with IgA, though the effect of this on bacteria is unclear. Here we hypothesize that IgA binding to gut bacteria is a selection pressure that will drive the evolution of IgA-bound bacteria, so that they will have a different evolutionary trajectory than those bacteria not bound by IgA. We know very little about the microbiome of wild animals and even less about their gut immune responses, but it must be a priority to investigate this hypothesis to understand if and how host immune responses contribute to microbiome evolution.
Gene Duplication, Shifting Selection, and Dosage Balance of Silicon Transporter Proteins in Marine and Freshwater Diatoms
Authors: Bryłka Karolina , Pinseel Eveline , Roberts Wade R , Ruck Elizabeth C , Conley Daniel J , Alverson Andrew J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Numerous factors shape the evolution of protein-coding genes, including shifts in the strength or type of selection following gene duplications or changes in the environment. Diatoms and other silicifying organisms use a family of silicon transporters (SITs) to import dissolved silicon from the environment. Freshwaters contain higher silicon levels than oceans, and marine diatoms have more efficient uptake kinetics and less silicon in their cell walls, making them better competitors for a scarce resource. We compiled SITs from 37 diatom genomes to characterize shifts in selection following gene duplications and marine–freshwater transitions. A deep gene duplication, which coincided with a whole-genome duplication, gave rise to two gene lineages. One of them (SIT1–2) is present in multiple copies in most species and is known to actively import silicon. These SITs have evolved under strong purifying selection that was relaxed in freshwater taxa. Episodic diversifying selection was detected but not associated with gene duplications or habitat shifts. In contrast, genes in the second SIT lineage (SIT3) were present in just half the species, the result of multiple losses. Despite conservation of SIT3 in some lineages for the past 90–100 million years, repeated losses, relaxed selection, and low expression highlighted the dispensability of SIT3, consistent with a model of deterioration and eventual loss due to relaxed selection on SIT3 expression. The extensive but relatively balanced history of duplications and losses, together with paralog-specific expression patterns, suggest diatoms continuously balance gene dosage and expression dynamics to optimize silicon transport across major environmental gradients.
Developing a solid-phase method for the enzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate backbones
Authors: Stancanelli Eduardo , Liu Wei , Su Guowei , Padagala Vijay , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the recent progress on the solution-phase enzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), solid-phase enzymatic synthesis has not been fully investigated. Here, we describe the solid-phase enzymatic synthesis of HS and CS backbone oligosaccharides using specialized linkers. We demonstrate the use of immobilized HS linker to synthesize CS, and the use of immobilized CS linker to synthesize HS. The linkers were then digested with chondroitin ABCase and heparin lyases, respectively, to obtain the products. Our findings uncover a potential approach for accelerating the synthesis of structurally homogeneous HS and CS oligosaccharides.