bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive effects to non‐surgical periodontal therapy of systemic metronidazole and amoxycillin alone and combined
Authors: Rooney J. , Wade W. G. , Sprague S. V. , Newcombe R. G. , Addy M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and aim: Several studies have reported adjunctive benefits to scaling and root planing (SRP) of systemic amoxycillin and metronidazole in the treatment of periodontal diseases. To date no comparisons have been made of these antimicrobials alone or in combination. The aim of this study was to compare the adjunctive benefits to SRP of amoxycillin and metronidazole alone and combined.Methods: 66 subjects <46 years of age with advanced chronic periodontal disease participated in this randomised, double blind, 4 parallel treatment group designed study. All subjects received quadrant SRP and then were prescribed amoxycillin capsules (250 mg) and metronidazole tablets (200 mg) (AM) or lactate capsules and metronidazole (PM) or amoxycillin and calcium lactate tablets (AP) or lactate and calcium lactate (PP). All medication was 3 of each per day for 7 days. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained and probing depth (PD), loss of attachment (LOA), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUPP) and plaque (DEP) were recorded pre‐treatment, 1, 3 and 6 months post‐treatment.Results: Final group sizes were: AM=15, PM=16, AP=16 and PP=15. PD improved in all groups. Treatment effects were highly significantly different and always greatest in the AM and least in the PP groups. Benefits of PM and AP over PP were also noted. LOA improved in all groups and showed the same highly significant treatment differences, again favouring AM. BOP improved in all groups, particularly in AM compared to the other groups. SUPP improved in all groups and was virtually eradicated in AM with differences among treatments highly significant. DEP changed little in any group and there were no significant differences among groups. Microbiological data showed significant differences in favour of AM compared to PP and PM for total aerobes and anaerobes at 1 month. P. intermedia counts were always lower in active groups compared to PP and reached significance for AM and AP at 1 month and AM and PM at 3 months.Conclusion: The significant differences among treatment groups and the overall trend in the data, in line with other studies, support the considerable adjunctive benefits to SRP of amoxycillin and metronidazole combined in the treatment of advanced chronic periodontal disease.
Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in the alveolar ridge mucosa, gingiva and periimplant mucosa
Authors: Zitzmann N. U. , Berglundh T. , Marinello C. P. , Lindhe J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in the alveolar ridge mucosa, the gingiva and the periimplant mucosa in humans.Material and methods: Twelve partially edentulous subjects were included in the study. In each subject, one soft tissue biopsy was harvested from the edentulous alveolar ridge mucosa, one from a tooth site and one from an implant site. After 3 weeks of undisturbed plaque accumulation, an additional biopsy was obtained from one tooth and one implant site in each subject. The tissue samples were snap frozen and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis.Results: In the alveolar ridge mucosa, smaller proportions of endothelial cells expressing ICAM‐1, ELAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 were observed than in the gingiva. ELAM‐1‐positive cells occurred in lower numbers than in periimplant mucosa. After 21 days of plaque accumulation, ELAM‐1 was increased in tooth sites, but decreased in periimplant mucosa.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the proportions of activated endothelial cells and the extravasation of leukocytes is larger in gingiva and periimplant mucosa than in alveolar ridge mucosa. This might be due to the less permeable keratinized epithelial layer in the edentulous ridge mucosa, which offers proper protection against microbial pathogens. The greater expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules during experimental gingivitis, compared to periimplant mucositis, may reflect its longer history of repeated antigenic assaults.
Gingival eruption cysts induced by cyclosporine administration to neonatal dogs
Authors: O'Hara Amanda J. , Collins Teresa , Howell John MC. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this paper is to report the development of extensive, gingival eruption cyst formation in neonatal dogs during chronic administration of cyclosporine, which regressed after treatment ceased.Materials and methods: As part of an investigation of the efficacy of adenoviral‐mediated gene therapy in a canine model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), 26 Golden retriever pups were given intramuscular injections of adenoviral gene constructs (at 2–5 days old) either with (15 pups) or without (9 pups) concomitant immunosuppression using oral cyclosporine (from 1 to 3 days old).Results: The daily administration of cyclosporine to Golden Retriever pups from 1 to 3 days of age resulted in the formation of eruption cysts over the incisors after approximately 3 weeks of treatment. The gingiva over the remaining teeth became swollen. However unlike the incisors, part of the crown erupted through the gingiva. Continuous treatment for 60–90 days was associated with persistence and expansion of the cysts over the incisor teeth. The cysts resolved within 1 month if cyclosporine administration was discontinued. Movement of incisors within the jaws was not appreciably affected when compared with age‐matched controls.Conclusion: Chronic cyclosporine administration to neonatal dogs induces the formation of eruption cysts over the incisors, which is reversible once treatment is discontinued and does not affect intraosseous eruption.
Serum IgG to heat shock proteins and Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens in diabetic patients with periodontitis
Authors: Sims Tom J. , Lernmark Ake , Mancl Lloyd A. , Schifferle Robert E. , Page Roy C. , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Past studies have reported a correlation between the presence and severity of periodontitis and serum antibody titers to species‐specific antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis or to cross‐reactive antigens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat shock proteins (HSP), shared between P. gingivalis and other bacteria. Our recent study of periodontal treatment outcome in insulin‐dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus patients with severe periodontitis (IDDMI/periodontitis) resulted in two key findings:1. serum glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GAD65 Ab) levels were significantly associated with periodontal pocket depth change (PDC) and 2. serum IgG titers to P. gingivalis cells were positively associated with GAD65 Ab level in seropositive (GAD65 Ab +) patients.We have therefore hypothesized that profiles of serum autoantibody levels and IgG titers, to P. gingivalis‐specific antigens may be useful in assessing risk for refractory periodontitis in such patients.Aim: To determine whether PDC resulting from non‐surgical periodontal treatment can be predicted using profiles of baseline IgG titers to P. gingivalisspecific antigens, human HSP, and GAD65.Methods: PDC was assessed two months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment of 7 GAD65 Ab + and 11 GAD65 AbIDDM/periodontitis patients. Pretreatment titers to GAD65, recombinant human heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, and HSP60), and various P. gingivalis antigens were measured using radioligand precipitation or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays and compared to the same measurements for 154 recent‐onset IDDM patients and 46 non‐diabetic controls.Results: Median titers (ELISA units) to HSP90 and HSP70 were significantly higher than non‐diabetic controls for GAD65 Ab + (p°= 0.002) and GAD65 Ab‐ (p = 0.034) IDDM/periodontitis patients, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated significant partial correlation of PDC with log‐transformed titers to HSP90 (r = − 0.62, p = 0.008), HSP70 (r = + 0.62, p = 0.009), GAD65 (r = − 0.60, p = 0.01) and P. gingivalis LPS (r = − 0.5 1, p = 0.04). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering of baseline profiles of log‐transformed HSP90, HSP70, and GAD65 Ab titers sorted patients into two distinct clusters with significantly different median PDC (1.45 min, n = 10 vs. 0.65 min, n = 8; p = 0.016, Mann–Whitney).Conclusion: Pretreatment profiles of serum antibody titers to HSP90, HSP70, GAD65, and P. gingivalis LPS may be useful for predicting which patients with IDDM/periodontitis will have a poor response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy.
Toothbrushing promotes gingival fibroblast proliferation more effectively than removal of dental plaque
Authors: Horiuchi Masazumi , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ishikawa Akira , Morita Manabu , Watanabe Tatsuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: Removal of dental plaque is an essential element of periodontal treatment. However, there have also been studies of the effects of the mechanical stimulation provided by toothbrushing on gingival host‐defense mechanisms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of toothbrushing on gingival fibroblast proliferation in dogs over time, compared to effects of plaque removal without brushing.Methods: The mouths of six mongrel dogs were divided into four quadrants: two for daily toothbrushing, and two for daily plaque removal with a curette. After 1, 3 and 5 weeks of treatment, histometrical analyses were performed to assess inflammatory cell infiltration, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive fibroblasts, procollagen type I‐positive fibroblasts in the subepithelial connective tissue of junctional epithelium.Results: Toothbrushing increased the number of PCNA‐positive fibroblasts in the first week, increased the number of type I procollagen‐positive fibroblasts at the fifth week, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration at the third week. Conclusion: These findings suggest that mechanically stimulated fibroblasts begin proliferating within a week, and this cell division results in an increased number of fibroblasts at the third week. It takes 5 weeks before differences in collagen synthesis between brushing and plaque removal areas are detectable.
A clinical evaluation of a novel data logger to determine compliance with the use of powered toothbrushes
Authors: McCracken G. I. , Janssen J. , Steen N. , DeJager M. , Heasman P. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The pimary objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of an electronic data logger to record the brushing episodes of patients receiving standardised oral hygiene instructions. The secondary objective was to estimate the compliance of a group of patients diagnosed with chronic periodontal disease with brushing time instructions for the daily use of a powered toothbrush over a 2‐month period.Material and methods:  17 modified Philips Jordan Sensiflex 2000 powered toothbrushes (PTBs) were provided to patients (32–67 years) attending for non‐surgical management of chronic periodontal disease. The PTBs incorporated an electronic data logger which recorded, for each individual brushing event: the length of time the brush was used (identifying the brushing speed setting); the maximum, minimum and average current during operation; and the time spent charging in between two consecutive brushing events. The patients were given detailed instructions with the PTB and were told to use it for 2 min each morning and 2 min in the evening. The patients returned for non‐surgical management over two visits prior to reinforcement of the oral hygiene instructions 1 month after PTB allocation. Subjects were asked to complete a simple brushing diary to record their use of the toothbrush on a daily basis. After 2 months of using the PTBs at home, the brushes and diaries were collected and the data downloaded from the data loggers.Results: Of the 17 data loggers allocated, two recorded no information and two subjects did not return for the follow‐up appointments. The data from the remaining 13 data loggers were evaluated for level of compliance. An event of brushing between 120 and 130 s was considered to be compliant, one of between 90 and 120 or 130–150 s was partially compliant and brushing for < 90 s or > 150 s was recorded as non‐compliant. Percentage compliance for all the events (2087 recordings) was 34%, partial‐ and non‐compliance were calculated as: 18%; 48% of events, respectively.Conclusion: This data logger has provided previously unrecorded data on the brushing times for a group of patients using a powered toothbrush at home during non‐surgical management of chronic periodontal disease. The data suggested that almost half (48%) of the brushing events recorded by the data loggers were greater than 30 s above or below the instructed brushing time.
Association of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms with early onset periodontitis in Japanese
Authors: Tai Hideaki , Endo Motohiro , Shimada Yasuko , Gou Emire , Orima Kazuko , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Yamazaki Kazuhisa , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/Aims: Early onset periodontitis (EOP), newly ‘aggressive periodontitis’, is considered to have genetic basis, which have not been clearly defined. The interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) gene cluster polymorphism as one of genetic factors may influence the expression of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding IL‐1α, IL‐1β and a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in the IL‐1 receptor antagonist gene (IL‐1RN) in 47 generalized EOP (G‐EOP) patients and 97 periodontally healthy controls.Material and methods: All subjects were of Japanese descent and systemically healthy. They were identified according to established clinical criteria. SNPs in the IL‐1α (+ 4845) and IL‐1β (− 511, + 3954) genes were analyzed by amplifying the polymorphic region using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction‐enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. IL‐1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms were then detected by PCR amplification and fragment size analysis.Results: There was no significant difference in the IL‐α (+ 4845) and IL‐1β (− 511, + 3954) genotypes and allele frequencies between G‐EOP patients and healthy controls. However, the frequency of IL‐1RN (VNTR) polymorphic alleles was found to be significantly increased in G‐EOP patients (χ2 test, P = 0.007; odds ratio = 3.40). Additionally, the carriage rate of IL‐1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms was significantly higher in G‐EOP patients than in healthy controls (χ2 test, P = 0.005; odds ratio = 3.81).Conclusion: These findings suggest that IL‐1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms are associated with G‐EOP in Japanese.
Labial piercing resulting in gingival recession. A case series
Authors: Sardella Andrea , Pedrinazzi Massimo , Bez Cristina , Lodi Giovanni , Carrassi Antonio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeveral complications of oral piercing have been recently reported in the medical and dental literature. Even though few people have had problems related to oral piercing, dentists should familiarise themselves with the potential associated oral and dental problems. We present three cases of young people with gingival recession in the mandibular incisor area related to labial piercing. The clinical examination and the dental history of the three cases revealed the relationship between the gingival recession and the presence of labial piercing. In particular, a stud in the lower lip was held in place by a metal disk on the inner labial mucosa in each case. The metal disk was in close proximity to the mandibular front teeth and it would appear that it was responsible for local trauma and recession. This case series reinforces previously reported concerns regarding the practice of piercing and the role of the dentist, both in advising patients with oral or facial piercing and in the treatment of related oral, gingival and dental problems.
Analysis of two common α1‐antitrypsin deficiency alleles (PI*Z and PI*S) in subjects with periodontitis
Authors: Scott D. A. , Von Ahsen N. , Palmer R. M. , Wilson R. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: πα1‐Antitrypsin deficiency is a genetically determined condition resulting in predisposition to certain inflammatory diseases due to a protease: antiprotease imbalance that is exacerbated by tobacco smoking. Limited evidence suggests that there may be a significant enrichment of mild α1‐antitrypsin deficiency phenotypes in subjects with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.Objective: To examine the prevalence of two common α1‐antitrypsin deficiency alleles (PI*Z and PI*S) in a UK population of subjects with periodontitis.Subjects and methods: The prevalence of PI*M, PI*S and PI*Z allele combinations was determined in 31 subjects with periodontitis and compared with 31 healthy control subjects matched for smoking status, ethnicity, age and gender. α1‐Antitrypsin genotyping was performed by multiplex real‐time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using DNA extracted from whole blood.Results: There was no difference in the proportion of any α1‐antitrypsin genotype found in the diseased and control populations.Conclusions: We did not find evidence to support an association between mutant PI* alleles and periodontitis in a small, controlled study. Larger studies will be required to clarify the relationship between α1‐antitrypsin genotype and susceptibility to inflammatory periodontal disease.
Response to direct and indirect recruitment for a randomised dental clinical trial in a multicultural population of elders
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Wyatt Christopher , Kiyak H. Asuman , Hujoel Philippe P. , Persson Rigmor E. , Persson G. Rutger , Powell L. Virginia 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: Recruitment for randomised clinical trials and community‐based studies has received little attention in the dental literature. The goal of this study was to report on our experiences with direct and indirect recruitment methods for a trial to prevent tooth loss in elders.Methods: A direct approach, consisting of an introductory lecture with the help of a local contact person in each of the nine community centres, resulted in 208 recruits mostly from minority non‐English speaking communities (52%), whereas the other 192 recruits who responded to newspaper announcements (48%) were, in large part, from the English‐speaking community.Results: The response suggests that a more direct and culturally specific approach is more productive when recruiting elders from ethnic minority groups, whereas elders from the dominant culture can be recruited indirectly and for about half the financial cost through newspaper announcements.Conclusion: We conclude, therefore, that both direct and indirect methods are needed to recruit a multiethnic sample of subjects for a trial.
Plaque minerals in the prediction of caries activity
Authors: Pearce Euan I. F. , Dong Yan‐Mei , Yue Lin , Gao Xue‐Jun , Purdie Gordon L. , Wang Jia‐De 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background/Aims: Attempts to identify subjects who will develop caries lesions in future years have been only moderately successful, suggesting that one or more important risk factors are being overlooked. The aim of this study was to validate the use of plaque calcium, phosphate and fluoride concentrations as significant risk factors in caries. Methods: DMFS and DMFT rates were measured three times over 2 years in a group of rural Chinese schoolchildren initially aged 12 years and not living in a high‐fluoride area. At the baseline and year 1 examinations, dental plaque was accumulated for 3 days and, after collection, was analysed for Ca, P and F. Plaque scores, dental health behaviour and parents' occupation data were also recorded. Results: The mean DMFS increment over 2 years was 1.14 with a range of −2 to +9. Regression analysis taking all factors into account identified only plaque Ca concentration, baseline DMFS score and toothbrushing frequency as significant factors in identifying high‐risk individuals. Plaque Ca also showed predictive ability on its own. For example, when high caries was defined as 3+ new DMFS and a Ca cut‐off value of 200 nmol/mg dry wt was selected, sensitivity was 0.84 and specificity 0.38. However, with this cut‐off value the percentage predicted to have high caries risk was unrealistically high at 66%. As in several other studies, baseline caries score was a useful predictor of future caries. Conclusion: Low plaque Ca concentration showed a modest ability to predict future caries, and since it is implicated directly in the chain of events leading to caries, its use in caries prediction should be considered further. Plaque P and F showed no predictive ability in this study.
Clinical outcomes of risk‐based caries prevention inpreschool‐aged children
Authors: Pienihäkkinen Kaisu , Jokela Jorma 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes in young children of risk‐based management of dental caries in comparison with routine prevention. Methods: The study was carried out in two municipal health centers in Central Finland. The risk‐based prevention group consisted of 299 children from Vanha Korpilahti, and the routine prevention group of 226 children from Saarijärvi. The children were 2 yr old at baseline, and they were followed up for 3 yr. All children received regular annual oral health care. In the risk‐based prevention group, the presence of mutans streptococci (MS) in plaque (Dentocult‐SM® strip mutans ‐test, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland) and incipient caries lesions were the screening criteria. Additional prevention was targeted at MS‐positive subjects twice a year, consisting of health education and application of fluoride varnish. For those who had incipient lesions, ‘the high‐risk category’, additional prevention was given four times a year and this included also chlorhexidine varnish treatments. Results: The screening and the preventive measures were successfully carried out by specially trained dental assistants. The proportion of children with cavitated caries or fillings was significantly lower in the risk‐based than in the routine prevention group. The treatment effect was strongest within the high‐risk category: two subjects had to be treated with intensive care for 3 yr to avoid restorative treatment of dental caries by the age of 5 yr in one subject (number needed to treat (NNT) = 2.0; 95% CI 1.4–3.8). The accuracy of screening was evaluated in the routine prevention group and found acceptable. Conclusions: The results indicate that in young children, risk‐based management of caries seems practical, and prevention of caries can be targeted efficiently to individuals at risk.