bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constricting Life Space and Likelihood of Neurodegenerative Disease in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Authors: Bock Meredith A. , Hoang Tina , Cawthon Peggy , Mackey Dawn C. , Patel Sheena , Hillier Teresa A. , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceLife space is a measure of the frequency, range, and independence of movement through the environment. There is increasing interest in life space as a holistic measure of function in older adults, but the association between change in life space and incident neurodegenerative disease is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between change in life space and cognitive decline or incident neurodegenerative disease over 7 years among community-dwelling older men.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of baseline and change in life space with change in cognition unadjusted and adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, depression, gait speed, and physical activity. Mixed linear effects models were used to evaluate the association between change in life space and change in cognition. Men were recruited from 6 US sites to participate in a prospective, community-based cohort study of aging and followed-up from 2007 to 2014. Individuals with prevalent dementia or Parkinson disease (PD) at baseline were excluded. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to September 2023.ExposureLife space, assessed using the University of Alabama at Birmingham Life Space Assessment and divided into tertiles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants completed the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Test, and Trail-Making Test Part B at baseline and 7 years later. At follow-up, participants were asked about a new physician diagnosis of dementia and PD.ResultsA total of 1684 men (mean [SD] age, 77.1 [4.2] years) were recruited and over 7 years of follow-up, 80 men (4.8%) developed dementia and 23 men (1.4%) developed PD. Mean (SD) life space score was 92.9 (18.7) points and mean (SD) change was −9.9 (22.3) points over follow up. In the adjusted model, each 1-SD decrement in life space was associated with increased odds of dementia (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.28-1.98) but not PD (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.97-2.25). For each 1-SD decrement in life space, men worsened by 20.6 (95% CI, 19.8-21.1) seconds in their Trails B score (P &amp;lt; .001) and declined by 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0-1.3) points in their 3MS score (P &amp;lt; .001) over 7 years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of 1684 men followed up over 7 years, change in life space was associated with faster cognitive decline and increased likelihood of neurodegenerative illness. Future studies should examine the role of clinician assessments or wearable electronics in tracking life space in older adults at risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative illness.
Assessment of Changes in Cancer Treatment During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US
Authors: Nogueira Leticia M. , Schafer Elizabeth J. , Fan Qinjin , Wagle Nikita Sandeep , Zhao Jingxuan , Shi Kewei Sylvia , Han Xuesong , Jemal Ahmedin , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in access to health care, including cancer care. The extent of changes in receipt of cancer treatment is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in the absolute number, proportion, and cancer treatment modalities provided to patients with newly diagnosed cancer during 2020, the first year of the pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, adults aged 18 years and older diagnosed with any solid tumor between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, were identified using the National Cancer Database. Data analysis was conducted from September 19, 2022, to July 28, 2023.ExposureFirst year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe expected number of procedures for each treatment modality (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy) in 2020 were calculated using historical data (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019) with the vector autoregressive method. The difference between expected and observed numbers was evaluated using a generalized estimating equation under assumptions of the Poisson distribution for count data. Changes in the proportion of different types of cancer treatments initiated in 2020 were evaluated using the additive outlier method.ResultsA total of 3 504 342 patients (1 214 918 in 2018, mean [SD] age, 64.6 [13.6] years; 1 235 584 in 2019, mean [SD] age, 64.8 [13.6] years; and 1 053 840 in 2020, mean [SD] age, 64.9 [13.6] years) were included. Compared with expected treatment from previous years’ trends, there were approximately 98 000 fewer curative intent surgical procedures performed, 38 800 fewer chemotherapy regimens, 55 500 fewer radiotherapy regimens, 6800 fewer immunotherapy regimens, and 32 000 fewer hormonal therapies initiated in 2020. For most cancer sites and stages evaluated, there was no statistically significant change in the type of cancer treatment provided during the first year of the pandemic, the exception being a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of patients receiving breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy with a simultaneous statistically significant increase in the proportion of patients undergoing mastectomy for treatment of stage I breast cancer during the first months of the pandemic.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large national cohort study, a significant deficit was noted in the number of cancer treatments provided in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data indicated that this deficit in the number of cancer treatments provided was associated with decreases in the number of cancer diagnoses, not changes in treatment strategies.
Interactive effects of mindfulness and negative urgency on intimate partner aggression perpetration
Authors: Brown Wyatt T. , Martelli Alexandra M. , Chester David S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntimate partner aggression (IPA) is a costly and incompletely understood phenomenon. Negative urgency, the tendency to act impulsively in response to negative affect, is predictive of IPA perpetration. Mindfulness, by virtue of its emphasis on nonreactivity to negative affect, is an opposing force to urgent tendencies that may mitigate the negative urgency‐IPA link. Yet, no research to date investigates the interactive effects of negative urgency and mindfulness on IPA perpetration. Two studies were conducted that measured and manipulated multiple facets of mindfulness alongside measures of negative urgency and tendencies of IPA perpetration (combined N = 508 undergraduate students in monogamous intimate relationships). Counter to our preregistered predictions, we found that negative urgency's association with greater IPA perpetration increased at higher levels of mindfulness. These findings suggest that mindfulness may not be a protective factor against IPA perpetration for individuals higher in negative urgency, but rather may serve as a risk factor.
Hemispherical Rutile Solid Immersion Lens for Terahertz Microscopy with Superior 0.06–0.11λ Resolution
Authors: Zhelnov Vladislav A. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Katyba Gleb M. , Gavdush Arsenii A. , Bukin Vladimir V. , Garnov Sergey V. , Spektor Igor E. , Kurlov Vladimir N. , Skorobogatiy Maksim , Zaytsev Kirill I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolid immersion microscopy is a near‐field imaging modality that overcomes the Abbe diffraction limit by focusing the light beam behind a high refractive index lens. It offers high energy efficiency, thanks to the absence of any sub‐wavelength probes or apertures in the optical path. A favorable combination of superresolution and high optical throughput opens up a variety of imaging applications in different branches of science and technology. The spatial resolution of solid immersion microscopy is mostly limited by the refractive index value of the lens, with optically denser lenses offering higher resolutions. In this paper, bulk rutile (TiO2) crystal is used as a material for the solid immersion lens, which offers an impressive refractive index of ≈10 in the terahertz range. This is the highest value of refractive index ever used in solid immersion microscopy. A continuous wave impact ionization avalanche transit‐time diode‐emitter at the 0.2 THz frequency (the λ = 1.5 mm wavelength) and a Golay detector are used for building a solid immersion microscope. Numerical and experimental studies reveal 0.06–0.11λ resolution of the developed microscope. This is the highest normalized resolution ever reported for any solid immersion imaging systems.
Interfacial Engineering of Quantum Dots–Metal–Organic Framework Composite Toward Efficient Charge Transport for a Short‐Wave Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Huang Po‐Yu , Zhang Yong‐Yun , Tsai Po‐Cheng , Chung Ren‐Jei , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Leung Man‐kit , Lin Shih‐Yen , Fang Mu‐Huai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractShort‐wave infrared (SWIR) quantum dot (QD)‐converted photodetectors are one of the promising devices used in artificial intelligence and automatic navigation systems. However, compared to semi‐conductor‐type photodetectors, they suffer from poor chemical stability and weak electronic conductivity. In this study, a PbS QD and conductive metal–organic framework (MOF) hybrid composite is designed with SWIR detection capability. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the surface modification of PbS QDs with MOF. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structures spectra reveal the chemical bonding between MOF and PbS QDs. Furthermore, 2D grazing‐incidence small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering is utilized to unveil the particle stacking and the preferred orientation of the PbS@MOF thin film. By integrating the PbS@MOF thin film directly on top of the graphene field effect transistor (FET) device, the chemical stability and photoelectric properties of graphene FET are enhanced, and these are investigated using a focus ion beam with a high‐resolution transmission electron microscope. This study offers a strategy to simultaneously improve the chemical stability and the photoelectronic properties of the nanomaterials as well as contribute to the advancement of a QD‐converted SWIR photodetector.
A Bioinspired Flexible Sensor for Electrochemical Probing of Dynamic Redox Disequilibrium in Cancer Cells
Authors: Zeng Zhongyuan , Wang Jian , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Yuchan , Fan Jingchuan , Wu Hui , Chen Jiajia , Zhang Zaikuan , Meng Zexuan , Yang Lu , Wang Renzhi , Zhang Bo , Wang Guixue , Li Chen‐Zhong , Zang Guangchao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalignant tumors pose a serious risk to human health. Ascorbic acid (AA) has potential for tumor therapy; however, the mechanism underlying the ability of AA to selectively kill tumor cells remains unclear. AA can cause redox disequilibrium in tumor cells, resulting in the release of abundant reactive oxygen species, represented by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, the detection of H2O2 changes can provide insight into the selective killing mechanism of AA against tumor cells. In this work, inspired by the ion‐exchange mechanism in coral formation, a flexible H2O2 sensor (PtNFs/CoPi@CC) is constructed to monitor the dynamics of H2O2 in the cell microenvironment, which exhibits excellent sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Moreover, the findings suggest that dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidation product of AA, is highly possible the substance that actually acts on tumor cells in AA therapy. Additionally, the intracellular redox disequilibrium and H2O2 release caused by DHA are positively correlated with the abundance and activity of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). In conclusion, this work has revealed the potential mechanism underlying the ability of AA to selectively kill tumor cells through the construction and use of PtNFs/CoPi@CC. The findings provide new insights into the clinical application of AA.
A Protection Route Based on the Dual‐Mode Transfer of Lithium Ions for Lithiophilic Site during the Nucleation Period
Authors: Zhu Jinqi , Cui Zhe , Wang Hao , Zhang Linjian , Liu Qian , Lu Aijiang , Ji Tao , Hu Junqing , Luo Wei , Zou Rujia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLithiophilic sites with high binding energy to lithium have a positive effect on the induction of Li deposition. However, saturation deposition of Li‐ions on lithiophilic sites causes a loss of lithiophilicity. Herein, a protection route of lithiophilic sites during the nucleation period is proposed for the first time. The designed heterointerface provides a directional built‐in electric field and a lithiophilic potential well. Li‐ions in the space field can nucleate on the semiconductor side by crossing metal‐based lithiophilic sites through the electric field‐driven mode and the chemical field‐driven mode. Based on a high‐efficiency dual‐mode transfer pathway for Li‐ions, which ensures continuous exposure of lithiophilic sites to the electric field and maximizes its positive effect during the nucleation period. A full cell utilizing the LiFePO4 cathode exhibits a stable voltage profile with low polarization for over 200 cycles at 1 C, demonstrating the importance of the continued role of the lithiophilic sites. This work provides a new direction to design lithiophilic sites in Li metal batteries, which can be extended to other alkali metal batteries.
Robust Interfacial Chemistry Induced by B‐Doping Enables Rapid, Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Liang Yazhan , Song Ning , Zhang Mingzhe , An Xuguang , Song Kepeng , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin , Xi Baojuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConstructing a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the electrode–electrolyte interface is powerful for optimizing the battery performance. However, studies related to interface chemistry have particularly focused on engineering electrolytes and overlooked regulating electrode materials. Here, this study reports that the B‐doped Bi interconnected nanoparticles (B─Bi) are prepared by a facile and effective chemical reduction reaction. The B doping helps to catalyze the electrolyte decomposition and more NaF formation on the electrode surface, which facilitates a stable uniform SEI with enhanced mechanical stability. Such a robust SEI layer can inhibit the further decomposition of electrolytes and promote the interfacial Na+ transfer. The B─Bi offers a reversible capacity of 403.1 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 and a high rate capability of 203 mAh g−1 at 80 A g−1. Moreover, the B‐doping method also finds its viability to stabilize SEI in Sb material. This study demonstrates a new strategy for engineering the interface chemistry toward stable SEI and excellent performance.
A guide to creating an educator's portfolio for the 21st century
Authors: Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Coates Wendy C. , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn educator's portfolio is (EP) a collection of materials for demonstrating and assessing a clinician educator's performance and perspective. Although not all academic institutions require faculty to maintain an EP, it can serve as a valuable tool for both personal reflection and professional advancement. With newer advancements in technology and social media, there are also opportunities to enhance the EP for the digital era. This educator's blueprint highlights eight strategies for creating an EP for the 21st century clinician educator: use your educator's philosophy to introduce and anchor your EP, apply broad definitions of scholarship, include pertinent metrics for all scholarly products, describe mentorship activities, incorporate self‐assessment and the assessments from others, report comprehensive accounting of presentations, highlight leadership activities, and utilize technology to facilitate dissemination and sharing of your EP.
Ambient γ‐Rays‐Mediated Noble‐Metal Deposition on Defect‐Rich Manganese Oxide for Glycerol‐Assisted H2 Evolution at Industrial‐Level Current Density
Authors: Yu Hanzhi , Hu Mengyu , Chen Chong , Hu Changjiang , Li Qiuhao , Hu Feng , Peng Shengjie , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping novel synthesis technologies is crucial to expanding bifunctional electrocatalysts for energy‐saving hydrogen production. Herein, we report an ambient and controllable γ‐ray radiation reduction to synthesize a series of noble metal nanoparticles anchored on defect‐rich manganese oxides (M@MnO2‐x, M=Ru, Pt, Pd, Ir) for glycerol‐assisted H2 evolution. Benefiting from the strong penetrability of γ‐rays, nanoparticles and defect supports are formed simultaneously and bridged by metal‐oxygen bonds, guaranteeing structural stability and active site exposure. The special Ru−O−Mn bonds activate the Ru and Mn sites in Ru@MnO2‐x through strong interfacial coordination, driving glycerol electrolysis at low overpotential. Furthermore, only a low cell voltage of 1.68 V is required to achieve 0.5 A cm−2 in a continuous‐flow electrolyzer system along with excellent stability. In situ spectroscopic analysis reveals that the strong interfacial coordination in Ru@MnO2‐x balances the competitive adsorption of glycerol and OH* on the catalyst surface. Theoretical calculations further demonstrate that the defect‐rich MnO2 support promotes the dissociation of H2O, while the defect‐regulated Ru sites promote deprotonation and hydrogen desorption, synergistically enhancing glycerol‐assisted hydrogen production.
Rational Atom Substitution to Obtain Efficient, Lead‐Free Photocatalytic Perovskites Assisted by Machine Learning and DFT Calculations
Authors: Li Xuying , Mai Haoxin , Lu Junlin , Wen Xiaoming , Le Tu C. , Russo Salvy P. , Winkler David A. , Chen Dehong , Caruso Rachel A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInorganic lead‐free halide perovskites, devoid of toxic or rare elements, have garnered considerable attention as photocatalysts for pollution control, CO2 reduction and hydrogen production. In the extensive perovskite design space, factors like substitution or doping level profoundly impact their performance. To address this complexity, a synergistic combination of machine learning models and theoretical calculations were used to efficiently screen substitution elements that enhanced the photoactivity of substituted Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskites. Machine learning models determined the importance of d10 orbitals, highlighting how substituent electron configuration affects electronic structure of Cs2AgBiBr6. Conspicuously, d10‐configured Zn2+ boosted the photoactivity of Cs2AgBiBr6. Experimental verification validated these model results, revealing a 13‐fold increase in photocatalytic toluene conversion compared to the unsubstituted counterpart. This enhancement resulted from the small charge carrier effective mass, as well as the creation of shallow trap states, shifting the conduction band minimum, introducing electron‐deficient Br, and altering the distance between the B‐site cations d band centre and the halide anions p band centre, a parameter tuneable through d10 configuration substituents. This study exemplifies the application of computational modelling in photocatalyst design and elucidating structure–property relationships. It underscores the potential of synergistic integration of calculations, modelling, and experimental analysis across various applications.
An Isolable Radical Anion Featuring a 2‐Center‐3‐Electron π‐Bond without a Clearly Defined σ‐Bond
Authors: Mei Yanbo , Chen Xiaodan , Wei Rui , Chang Xiao‐Yong , Tao Lizhi , Liu Liu Leo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFeaturing an extra electron in the π* antibonding orbital, species with a 2‐center‐3‐electron (2c3e) π bond without an underlying σ bond are scarcely known. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of a radical anion salt [K(18‐C‐6)]+{[(HCNDipp)2Si]2P2}⋅− (i.e. [K(18‐C‐6)]+3⋅−) (18‐C‐6=18‐crown‐6, Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl), in which 3⋅− features a perfectly planar Si2P2 four‐membered ring. This species represents the first example of a Si‐ and P‐containing analog of a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane radical anion. The unusual bonding motif of 3⋅− was thoroughly investigated via X‐ray diffraction crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and calculations by density functional theory (DFT), which collectively unveiled the existence of a 2c3e π bond between the bridgehead P atoms and no clearly defined supporting P−P σ bond.
Investigating the hydrophilicity of phenol formaldehyde foams: Effects of synthesis parameters
Authors: DSouza Glen Cletus , Li Hongwei , Yuan Zhongshan , Xu Chunbao Charles , Ray Madhumita B. , Prakash Anand 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOpen‐cell phenol (P) formaldehyde (F) foams are used for various applications such as hydroponic seed germination, flower arrangements, and sound insulation. This study investigated the influence of various parameters such as F/P molar ratios, blowing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, polymeric and inorganic additives, and oxidizing agents on the hydrophilicity of PF foams. Experimental results indicate that an F/P ratio of 1.8 was ideal for producing phenolic foams with good foam structure, uniform pore distribution, and favorable mechanical properties. A mixture of pentane and hexane at a mass ratio of 1:3 (wt/wt) used as a blowing agent resulted in a foam with the lowest density. With the optimal foaming catalyst (p‐toluene sulfonic acid) at a loading of 28 wt%, the foam exhibited a low density and excellent mechanical properties. A phenolic foam with a low density (39.27 kg/m3), high water absorption capacity (1210 wt%) and high open cell content (78.94%), was achieved by combining 6 wt% Tween‐80 as the surfactant and 3 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate as the wetting agent. Additionally, 6.5 wt% loading of H2O2 led to a slight decrease in the foam density (38.46 kg/m3), but with a remarkable improvement in the wetting characteristics (water absorption capacity—2404 wt% and nearly 100% open cell content of the produced foam.
Sputtering: An eco‐friendly technique to obtain polymer‐metal hybrids
Authors: Moretti Marcio Luiz , Recco Abel André Cândido , Becker Daniela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmong the methods commonly used to obtain polymer‐metal hybrids, sputtering has stood out for its ability to deposit thin films at room temperature. Another highlight is that it does not produce toxic gases or residues to the environment, making it an eco‐friendly solution. This work aimed to produce and characterize stainless steel (SS) films on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) polymer using a magnetron sputtering with a direct current source. The ABS‐SS surface and interface, the ABS thermal behavior, and the film‐substrate adhesion quality were analyzed. The characterization techniques were atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the surface, x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the phases on the ABS‐SS interface. The samples' thermal behavior was analyzed through thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Method B from the ASTM D3359 standard qualitatively evaluated the film‐substrate adhesion. The characterizations showed that the ABS did not degrade significantly during SS deposition and that the sample had acceptable film‐substrate adhesion quality, making the technique and deposition parameters suitable for the obtention of this hybrid material.