bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Index for Efficient Pest Detection Using Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Manzo Maurizio , Melead Carson , Arellanes Josue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pesticides have many benefits for agriculture but do pose a problem when unmanaged. Pests can be difficult to detect and if pest activities such as growth and travel patterns can be easily recorded, then there can be an early detection of any potential problems such as overgrowth that can lead to environmental hazards. Another important benefit of detection methods for pests is the detection of invasive species that affect agriculture by decimating crops, causing economic losses and disruptions in food supply chains, especially during cross border activities. In this work, multispectral imaging is used to develop an index for pest detection using a monochromatic light source. A selected pest such as beetles is used in different environments. A new index would be able to capture spectral patterns or signatures associated with pest presence/damage with a high accuracy. The intended research can be expanded for many different pest species. The experimental setup is made with different illumination sources including a monochromatic red light and diffused light. Using a multispectral camera, a reflectance analysis is conducted from the images acquired, and an index indicating the presence of pests in rice is found and proposed herein. Ultimately, this study can aid in reducing the risk of invasive pests entering the US borders undetected, which can improve the food supply chains and strengthen the nation’s economy.
Investigating Seismocardiogram Patterns: A Computational Modeling of Cardiac Wall Motion Propagation to the Chest Surface
Authors: Monfared Mohammadali , Thibbotuwawa Gamage Peshala , Taebi Amirtahà 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of global mortality, demand refined diagnostic methods. Seismocardiography (SCG), a noninvasive method of measuring cardiovascular-induced vibrations on the chest surface, offers promise in assessing cardiac function. The cardiac wall movements are transmitted to the organs around the heart and eventually damped onto the chest surface, where they manifest as visible vibrations. These chest surface vibrations can be measured using an accelerometer via SCG. Although SCG signals are widely used in literature, further investigations are needed to understand the genesis of their patterns under different pathophysiological conditions. The goal of this study is to improve our understanding of the origin of SCG signals by simulating the transmission of cardiac motion reaching the chest surface using finite element method, and linking back the patterns of the simulated SCG signals to specific cardiac events. The computational domain, extracted from 4D computed tomography (CT) images of a healthy subject, comprised the lungs, ribcage, and chest muscles and fat. Using the Lukas-Kanade algorithm, the cardiac wall motion was extracted from the 4D CT scan images and was used as a displacement boundary condition. The elastic material properties were assigned to the lungs, muscles, fat, and rib cage. The dorsoventral SCG component from the finite element modeling was compared with two actual SCG signals obtained from the literature. The left ventricular volume was also calculated from the CT scans and was used to interpret the SCG waveforms. Important cardiac phases were labeled on the SCG signal extracted from the computationally modeled acceleration map near the xiphoid. This type of analysis can provide insights into various cardiac parameters and SCG patterns corresponding to the mitral valve closing, mitral valve opening, aortic valve opening, and aortic valve closure. These findings suggested the effectiveness of this modeling approach in understanding the underlying sources of the SCG waveforms.
Understanding the Impacts of Jointly Optimizing Product and Supply Chain Decisions for Complex Products
Authors: Uhles Chad , Mudzurandende Melinda , McComb Christopher , Medal Hugh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The disruptions that occurred during and after the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the fragility of the US supply chain. Currently, supply chain design typically begins after the majority of product design decisions have already been made. While many firms recognize the importance of integrating product design decisions with supply chain design decisions, there is currently a lack of understanding of how to effectively do so for complex products. In order to address that research gap, this work compares the traditional sequential design strategy (in which supply chain decisions follow product design decisions) with an integrated strategy in which all design decisions are made together. We examine these strategies within the context of profit optimization of the product design and supply chain of a ground vehicle. Our results indicate that the integrated approach may yield substantially better solutions, albeit at the cost of a more complex optimization procedure.
Multiple Effect Desalination System With Various Energy Recovery Methods
Authors: Shamet Osman , Antar Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the performance of three configurations within multi-effect distillation (MED) systems for water desalination. Through an analysis of performance metrics including performance ratios (PR), specific cooling water (SCW), and specific area, the effectiveness of different system designs is evaluated. Notably, Configuration 3, which incorporates two preheaters — one recovering heat from brine and the other from distillate — consistently outperforms the others in term of the performance ratio with almost 15% increase in the PR when compared to the reference configuration at a steam temperature of 80 °C. In contrast, Configuration 2 features only one preheater recovering heat from brine showed a 9.44% increase in the PR at the same steam temperature. The utilization of preheaters leads to elevated feed temperatures, reducing the need for external steam and improving overall system efficiency. Furthermore, an examination of different feed distribution schemes within Configuration 3 highlights that Configuration 3B, which ensures equal feed entering each effect, demonstrates performance improvement in terms of PR. These findings underscore the significance of using heat recovery and optimizing feed distribution for achieving higher system performance.
Non-Spherical Droplet Dispersion in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulent Flow
Authors: Lin Yushu , Palmore John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Motivated by the study of spray combustion in aviation gas turbine engines, this work addresses the dispersion of non-spherical droplets in turbulence. The most popular strategy for modeling spray is using the Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) method, which represents the spray as consisting of discrete collection of spherical particles. One limitation of this approach is that it neglects the importance of droplet deformation on the dynamics of sprays. Several past works have discussed the importance of non-sphericity in modeling real droplets including works conducted by our research group. Some of our past work has demonstrated the importance of the deformation on droplet vaporization, combustion and drag. However, those works have investigated the effect of deformation on droplets in simple configurations such as isolated droplets in uniform flows. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of droplet deformation on spray dynamics in a more practical configuration of droplets in turbulent flows. By utilizing an in-house code developed for multiphase flows, this work uses homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) as the framework to investigate how the trajectories of non-spherical particles differ from spherical ones. The temporal Lagrangian autocorrelation of non-spherical droplet velocity is higher than that of spherical droplet, showing a better dispersion of non-spherical droplet. The mean Stokes number shows the dominance of intertia effect of droplets, and a higher mean Stokes number for non-spherical droplets indicates a weaker droplet clustering or preferential concentration.
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Polymers Through Metallic Surface Coating: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kafle Bibek , Balsamy Kamaraj Abishek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has enabled the production of intricate designs, such as lattices, with high geometric accuracy, reduced material wastage, and improved mechanical properties. However, 3D-printed structures made of polymers often lack the required mechanical strength. Coating 3D-printed polymer structures with metals can improve their thermal properties, conductivity, wear resistance, aesthetic appearance, and strength-to-weight ratio to address this issue. This study explores the linear finite element analysis of strut-based lattice structures with metal surface coatings under uniaxial load. The study used ASTM standard Type III dog-bone specimens with Diamond-type strut-based lattices. The base (substrate) materials considered were ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and vat photopolymerized resin, while common metals Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) were used as coating materials. The thickness of the coating varied from 10 μm to 500 μm, and incremental load was applied to the model until it exhibited elastic yielding. The study results showed that the specimen’s modulus of elasticity improved with the application of metal coating. The modulus was observed to be maximum when the coating thickness was minimum (10 μm), and gradually decreased as the coating thickness increased. The mechanical properties, such as resilience and stiffness, improved with increased coating thickness. The maximum strength-to-weight ratio was obtained when the coating thickness was 200 μm. This study provides valuable insights into enhancing the structural performance of strut-based lattices through surface coatings. It contributes to advancements in lightweight and efficient engineering materials and designs.
Rheological Analysis of Stress and Strain Rate of Non-Spherical Bubble With Multi-Mode Interfacial Perturbation in a Single and Multi-Bubble Systems Under Pressure Waves
Authors: Isazadeh Amin , Bhaduri Sreetam , Ziviani Davide , Claridge David E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces a multi-mode perturbation model for non-spherical bubbles, developed using potential function theory and spherical harmonics. Employing a sophisticated numerical framework that integrates adaptive time advancement (ATA) and mesh refinement (AMR), the study rigorously solves coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs) in a non-dimensional framework. Analysis is split between Rayleigh collapse under constant external pressure and dynamic collapse influenced by acoustic pressure waves. The study systematically investigates the effects of initial particle size, perturbation amplitude, and mode degree on Rayleigh collapse dynamics, revealing that larger bubbles exhibit longer collapse and rebound times, while smaller bubbles rapidly reach equilibrium. In scenarios involving acoustic waves, the investigation focuses on the impact of wave frequency and medium compressibility. Results indicate that higher wave frequencies and fluid compressibility significantly reduce the time for system oscillations to synchronize with external pressure waves, enhancing damping effects. Specifically, compressibility was found to accelerate synchronization, reducing large-amplitude oscillation cycles more than twofold compared to incompressible conditions. Additionally, at higher perturbation modes, amplitude damping occurs more rapidly, underscoring the influence of mode degree on the damping characteristics. Spanning Reynolds numbers from 1.65 to 1.65E+7 for Rayleigh collapses and 9.98E−4 to 9.98E+3 for acoustic-driven scenarios, the research highlights the substantial impact of fluid compressibility and perturbation parameters on bubble dynamics, providing insights that contrast sharply between micro-scale and macro-scale particle behaviors.
Comparative Analysis of Different Void Shapes on Thermal Conductivity of Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Dey Aninda , Zim Nafis Sadik , Morshed A. K. M. Monjur , Paul Titan C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have great potential as efficient thermoelectric materials due to their significantly lower thermal conductivity compared to bulk silicon. In this study, we analyze the effect of different void shapes on the thermal conductivity of SiNWs using large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) simulations. For each vacancy arrangement, the thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires was measured for a different percentage of the removed atom. Our results show that voids have a big effect on the thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires. For different compositions, this reduction effect ranges from 50% to 75% compared to pure SiNWs. It has been found that cuboidal void reduces thermal conductance slightly more than spherical void. When the 2.80% atom is removed, thermal conductivity is reduced by 64.5% for cuboidal void, which is 9% more than spherical void. We also discovered that for the same volume of voids, different void orientations produce different results. To determine the cause of this significant decrease in thermal conductivity, an analysis of the vibrational density of states (VDOS) is undertaken. It is found that the high ratio of surface area to volume leads to multiple boundary inelastic scatterings of phonons, resulting in a substantial reduction in thermal conductivity. Also, the presence of voids leads to a greater disparity in mass, resulting in reduced heat conductivity. The results suggest that including vacancy defects is an effective strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric efficiency of silicon nanowires.
Verification and Validation of a Novel Miniaturized Kolsky Bar Using Published Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Data
Authors: Grube Ryan N. , Hannah Thomas W. , Martin Valerie A. , Ellis Stephen , Kraft Reuben H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Kolsky bar experiment is used to determine material properties of various materials at high strain rates. This paper aims to use published data of Kolsky bar experiment stress versus strain results to establish a benchmarking methodology to validate and verify a novel miniaturized Kolsky bar. Creations of a Johnson-Cook plasticity and damage model are implemented into an Abaqus Finite Element simulation of a novel miniaturized Kolsky bar to simulate the mechanical material properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) at high strain rates. The Finite Element simulation is proved to produce viable results through establishing proper wave propagation throughout the Kolsky bar system and replication of the Johnson-Cook plasticity model results. A comparison of experimental and simulation data will result in the declaration of the validity of the novel miniaturized Kolsky bar for PMMA and its material class. Due to the sensitivity of the experimental system, data analysis for statistical evidence is needed to prove that the experimental data matches the Johnson-Cook model prediction after a large population of properly setup experiments are performed. Future research is determined to be beneficial for establishing material properties of more elastic and ductile materials at high strain rates for biomedical purposes.
Optimization of Infill Percentage Versus Nozzle Diameter in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing
Authors: Watson Olivia , Blake Boston , Pagano Steven , Eslami Babak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing has evolved from a prototyping tool to a multifaceted manufacturing technique. To fully harness its capabilities, improving production repeatability, efficiency, and material quality is essential. This study explores the relationship between nozzle diameters and two common filaments: polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Nozzle diameter is crucial in FDM 3D printing, influencing print quality, speed, and material flow. However, the impact of varying nozzle diameters on different filaments is underexplored. Our research fills this gap, providing key insights. We found significant differences in print quality and mechanical properties across various nozzle diameters and materials. Smaller nozzles generally produce better quality prints and surface finishes but take longer. Material-specific nozzle selection is important, as some filaments work better with certain nozzle sizes. PLA performs well across various sizes, showing excellent print quality and robustness. ABS is sensitive to larger nozzles due to its high printing temperature needs.
Our findings offer valuable guidelines for selecting nozzle sizes tailored to specific filaments, enhancing 3D printing efficiency, precision, and quality. These insights are particularly beneficial for industries like automotive and consumer goods, where precision and customization are crucial. Understanding nozzle diameter and filament dynamics can also lead to advanced printing algorithms and material formulations, optimizing multi-material printing and other complex applications.
Investigating the Potential of Nanocellulose as an Additive in Liquid Fuels to Enhance Combustion Behavior
Authors: Mollick Rahat , Ratner Albert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A useful strategy for enhancing liquid fuels entails the introduction of nanoparticles to modify their properties. This method provides versatility in customizing fuels to suit current combustion systems or adapting them to meet the requirements of diverse types of combustion devices and operating conditions, leading to improved combustion efficiency and lower emissions. Over the years, researchers have investigated a wide variety of nanoparticles as fuel additives and these nanoparticles can be broadly classified into two types: metal-based nanoparticles and carbon-based nanoparticles. Metal-based nanoparticles have proven highly effective in improving the combustion performance of base fuels; however, they come with inherent issues, including environmental pollution, and clogging in combustion systems. Among carbon-based nanoparticles, Nanocellulose is particularly attractive as it is derived from renewable sources such as plants or agricultural waste, making it an environmentally friendly option compared to fossil fuel-based additives Nanocellulose additives can enhance combustion efficiency and reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions due to their high surface area, which promotes heat transfer and more complete combustion. This work provides a detailed investigation into the combustion behavior of liquid fuels enhanced with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC). Experimentation with single component surrogates has been demonstrated as an effective technique to mimic the burning behavior of complex hydrocarbons. For the investigations in this research article, Dodecane and Methyl Decanoate are the chosen surrogates representing Diesel and Biodiesel, respectively. Around 6.4% percent increase in quasi-steady burning rate is observed in Dodecane enhanced with 0.5 wt% CNC, while 4.85% increase in quasi-steady burning rate has been observed for 1 wt% Nanocellulose infused Methyl Decanoate compared to the quasi-steady burning rates achieved with burning the base fuel counterparts.
From Principles to Practice: Product Design Foundations for a Circular Economy
Authors: Hapuwatte Buddhika , Last Noah , Karsli Sami , Aher Gaurav , Morris K. C. , Ferrero Vincenzo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A circular economy moves from the current linear model of production and consumption, i.e., the take-make-use-dispose model, to one that uses resources efficiently, avoids pollution, and creates triple bottom line (i.e., economic, environmental, and social) sustainability benefits. The transition from a linear to circular economy needs actions to facilitate resource recovery, extend the effective use-life of resources, and improve the productivity of resource utilization in the economy. Product design decisions set and limit possibilities for future activities throughout the entire life cycle. A comprehensive transformation of current design practices is needed to adapt to the new model of production and consumption. However, circular product design is yet to become mainstream in design curricula in higher education and workforce development.
Building from a synthesis of literature related to circular product design principles, this paper identifies underlying themes that may be integrated into design curricula. Two distinct qualitative analysis methods were used: First, a Collaborative Thematic Analysis to assign codes to the source principles and subsequently use them to develop descriptive themes. Second, a Natural Language Processing approach to vectorize the same set of design principles and cluster them based on similarity. Ultimately, the resulting themes from both approaches are compared to each other. While the design principles target practitioners, these themes can teach the fundamentals of circular economy, including how to think about design decisions in a larger circular economy system. Designers will need this fundamental understanding to make use of the specific circularity principles. Future work will further refine the themes identified here and through collaboration with academia and industry narrow the set to provide a foundation for circular economy and circular product design education.