bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective surrogate optimization of mixed-variable IPM motor design problem with ADMM-based approach
Authors: Asanuma Tatsuya , Kanno Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Designing electric motors boils down to solving multi-objective optimization problems where we look for design variables satisfying multiple requirements on, e.g., torque and electromagnetic losses. To design high-performance motors without restriction by existing design ideas, it is necessary to take the design space as wide as possible at the initial design stage. When dealing with the extensive design space, it is required to treat the basic structure parameters of motors and the detailed dimensions as design variables. For an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor, which is one of the typical motor types, we need to handle discrete integer design variables such as the number of slots and the coil pitch in addition to the continuous ones. However, it is difficult to obtain the discrete design variable values without rounding off to the nearest allowed values in the framework of the existing continuous surrogate optimization such as sequential approximation optimization (SAO) with the response surface created from the electromagnetic finite element analysis results. We solve this mixed-variable optimization problem by the heuristic approach based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and show with example design problems that the better results are obtained more efficiently in terms of the number of expensive objective function evaluations compared to taking rounding-off measures.
Graphene-based programmable dual dipole antenna with parasitic elements
Authors: Ullah Sana , Marasco Ilaria , D’Orazio Antonella , Magno Giovanni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a novel transparent disc-shaped programmable antenna employing a polyimide substrate that exploits graphene parasitic elements to achieve programmable beamforming in sub-THz frequencies. The antenna consists of two orthogonal dipoles assisted by eight fan-blade-shaped graphene parasitic elements. By changing their state through chemical potential, the antenna current distribution is modified, enabling the formation of different radiation patterns such as single, dual, and quad beams. The inherent symmetry of the structure and that of the imposed programming codes is explained through the discussion of different radiation patterns generated in the azimuthal plane. The proposed antenna allows for discrete step beam reconfiguration over 360° in the azimuth plane. The maximum realized gain reaches 2 dBi for single beam, 1.3 dBi for dual beam and 0.7 dBi for quad beam configurations, accompanied by a minimum S11 value of − 36.4 dB at 200 GHz and by a − 10 dB bandwidth ranges from 187 GHz to 214 GHz.
Theoretical Analysis of Diffraction Grating-Based SPR Sensor Using the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis Method
Authors: Saxena Suryansh , Rastogi Yagyasha , Sharma Navneet K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are crucial for highly sensitive, label-free detection in various applications, including biosensing and environmental monitoring. This study investigates the sensitivity and performance of diffraction grating-based SPR sensors using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). The analysis focuses on single- and bi-layered metallic structures composed of copper, gold, and silver. The results reveal that single-layer silver sensors exhibit the highest sensitivity of 169.37°/RIU followed by Au and Cu with a sensitivity of 168.4°/RIU and 167.9°/RIU respectively. Further, to enhance the stability and reliability, bilayered configurations were introduced, incorporating protective coatings of one metal over the other. Among the bilayered configurations, Ag-Cu demonstrated the greatest sensitivity of 175°/RIU followed by Ag-Au with a sensitivity of 173.25°/RIU and Au-Cu with the sensitivity of 168.5°/RIU. This study establishes the potential of bi-metallic SPR sensors for achieving superior sensitivity and stability, highlighting their applicability in advanced detection systems. The novel insight into the interplay between material properties and sensor performance offers a roadmap for designing next-generation plasmonic sensors.
Enhanced oxygen ion conductivity in Ba3W1+xV1−xO8.5+x/2 (− 0.2 ≤  ×  ≤ 0.2) hexagonal perovskite derivative compounds
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Rao K. Sandeep , Deshpande U. P. , Sathe Vasant , Sahu A. K. , Achary S. N. , Deshpande S. K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A series of hexagonal perovskite derivative compounds Ba3W1+x
V1−x
O8.5+x/2 (x =  − 0.2, − 0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2) with varying oxygen content was synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction route and characterized using X-ray diffraction, SEM–EDX, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and dielectric spectroscopy. All samples were isostructural, having features of both palmierite and 9R hexagonal perovskite. The unit cell volume showed a continuously decreasing trend with increasing oxygen content. The XPS studies showed no deviation of oxidation states of W6+ and V5+ and hence confirmed that the oxygen stoichiometry is solely controlled by the W to V ratio in the samples. The presence of both octahedral MO6 and tetrahedral MO4 units in all samples was inferred from temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopic studies. The translational and rotational motion of MO4 tetrahedra are appreciably affected by temperature. The dc conductivity was obtained directly from the complex ac conductivity derived from temperature-dependent dielectric measurements. It was found that the dc conductivity increases when the composition deviates from x = 0.0, i.e., W:V = 1:1. An estimate of the ion mobility and mobile ion concentration was obtained using the Almond-West formalism. The conductivity was found to be significantly higher in W-rich compounds (x > 0), and the ion mobility was also correspondingly higher. It could be inferred that the compositional dependence of unit cell parameters, particularly a- or b-axis, and the oxygen stoichiometry, play crucial roles in governing the ionic conductivity of these hexagonal perovskite derivatives.
Experiencing Complications After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgeries is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Emergency Department Admissions: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Toprak Şükrü Salih , Toprak Hatice , Köse Fulya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Emergency department admissions significantly burden hospital staff and countries’ health system. Studies are encouraged for effective and correct utilization of emergency departments. Rational management of obesity-related medical problems and postoperative complications may reduce emergency department visits. This study aimed to determine the rates, characteristics, and antecedents of emergency room admissions after metabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBSs) performed in our hospital. According to our hypothesis, experiencing postoperative complications is the most common reason for emergency department admissions.

Methods
The study was designed as a single-center, retrospective, cohort study. Metabolic and bariatric surgeries performed in our hospital between June 2021 and June 2023 were evaluated. Clavien Dindo Classification was used to classify complications. The reasons for emergency department admissions, re-hospitalization and surgical requirements, time relationships, and possible antecedents were examined in stages.

Results
A total of 153 patients were evaluated in the study. The average follow-up period was found to be 609.63 ± 222.89. The emergency department admission rate following MBSs was found to be 31%, and the admission rate within the first month was 7.8%. The major complication rate following MBSs was 4.6%. Experiencing complications was the most important antecedent for admissions 1 month postoperatively.

Conclusions
In patients with complications after MBS, the discharge decision should be provided with stricter controls, and outpatient clinic controls should be planned more frequently. Providing training to patients on managing complications should be considered as a strategy that may reduce the number of emergency department visits.

Clinical Trial Registration
ACTRN12624000810516
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Transformation of Spent NCM811 into Efficient TMO Electrocatalysts
Authors: Kim Hyeeun , Kim Seongkwan , Kim Min-Ho , Hwang Chihyun , Jang Haeseong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The expansion of electric vehicles has increased spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) containing valuable transition metals. Recycling these materials reduces economic costs and addresses resource shortages. Additionally, transition metal-based catalysts derived from spent LIBs can replace expensive noble metal catalysts. This study examines the catalytic performance of spent LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) materials, enhanced by adjusting mixed valence states and defect structures. Increasing calcination temperature transformed the layered structure into spinel and rock salt phases, inducing mixed valence states. Consequently, the optimized NCM catalysts exhibited improved catalytic activity in both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The ORR onset potential increased by 0.07 V, while the OER overpotential decreased by about 26.9%. In a zinc-air battery, the optimized catalyst demonstrated a discharge capacity of 792.1 mAh g⁻1 and stable performance over 100 cycles. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed Mn as the main active site, with Ni and Co enhancing Mn's activity as electron donors and acceptors. These findings suggest that calcination-induced structural changes and mixed valence states enhance Mn site reactivity, improving catalytic performance. Overall, this study highlights the feasibility of repurposing spent LIB cathode materials into efficient electrocatalysts, thereby improving the economic viability and sustainability of catalyst development.
Intravital skin ulcer in a late 18th century Spanish child mummy: evidence for septicemic death?
Authors: Nerlich A. G. , Loynes R. D. , Badia A. Jardiel , Begerock A. , Delgado D. , Gonzalez M. , Bianucci Raffaella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During excavation campaigns carried out in north-eastern Spain (Aragonese), a well -preserved late 18th century infant mummy was exhumed from the topsoil of El Piquete church (Quinto, Zaragoza). At morphological macroscopical observation, a penetrating lesion lateral to the right knee was identified. The lesion was covered by linen bindings with a circumscribed brownish discoloration. Investigations were carried out with a special focus on the lower tight lesion in order to ascertain whether it had occurred intra-vitam, perimortem or post-mortem. A CT scan was performed to establish the age at death of the infant and to identify possible pathological disorders of the skeleton and internal organs. Histology was performed on the ovoid, deep penetrating lesion in order to determine whether it was vital or was due to taphonomic alterations. The body belonged to a male, 12–16 months old infant. It did not show any pathological disorder apart from the presence of an ovoid deep penetrating skin lesion lateral to the right knee. Histology showed that, apart from the typical postmortem alterations, several small haemosiderin deposits, such as in siderophages, were present, thus indicating, not only the vitality of the ulceration, but also its age of more than several days. We conclude that the infant survived the traumatic lesion for a few days and he most likely died of systemic infection related syndrome (SIRS). This rare case adds to the paleopathological literature on children’s possible cause of death.
Involvement of CRMP2 Phosphorylation in Amyloid Beta-induced Tau Phosphorylation of Hippocampal Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Noguchi Daisuke , Watamura Naoto , Nikkuni Miyu , Saido Takaomi C. , Goshima Yoshio , Ohshima Toshio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), a microtubule (MT)-binding protein, regulates MT dynamics and is phosphorylated at Ser522 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Previous studies have shown increased CRMP2 phosphorylation at Ser522 (CRMP2-pSer522) in early AD stages and AD mouse models, where it colocalizes with phosphorylated tau. However, the role of CRMP-pSer522 in AD pathology remains unclear. In this study, we generated double transgenic mice by crossing tau Tg (PS19) mice and CRMP2 S522A knock-in (CRMP2KI) mice, in which S522 of CRMP2 was replaced with alanine to create a phospho-defective model. No significant change in tau phosphorylation was observed in the hippocampus of tau Tg; CRMP2KI mice compared to tau Tg littermates. However, when Aβ25-35 oligomers were injected into the hippocampus, tau phosphorylation was significantly reduced in Aβ-injected tau Tg; CRMP2KI mice compared to Aβ-injected tau Tg controls. These findings suggest that CRMP2 phosphorylation at Ser522 promotes Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation in this mouse model of AD.
Do White and Black People Truly View the Police Differently? Findings from a Study of Crime Hot Spots in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Kuen Kiseong , Appleton CJ , Weisburd David , Uding Clair V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While numerous studies demonstrate that Black individuals have more negative perceptions of the police than their White counterparts, few have simultaneously examined racial differences in perceptions of procedural justice, police effectiveness, and legitimacy. Additionally, limited research has rigorously examined the relationship between race and perceptions of the police while carefully accounting for potentially relevant factors that could influence this relationship. Using unique survey data largely drawn from crime hot spots in Baltimore, Maryland, we examined the differences between White (n = 500) and Black (n = 2,452) individuals’ perceptions of procedural justice, police effectiveness, and police legitimacy. Furthermore, by conducting propensity-score matching on White and Black residents in our data, we compared perceptions of the police between 394 pairs of similarly situated Black and White residents who were matched based on demographics, victimization, offending, self-control, recent experiences with the police, perceived police presence, and street environments. Results indicated that while Black people have more negative perceptions of procedural justice than White people, they do not hold different perceptions regarding police effectiveness and obligation to obey. These findings hold even when comparing the matched White and Black people. Our findings suggest a nuanced relationship between race and perceptions of the police.
1H, 13C, 15N and 31P chemical shift assignment of the first stem-loop Guanidine-II riboswitch from Escherichia coli
Authors: Koob Tatjana , Döpp Silas , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of RNA-based gene regulation is a fundamental aspect for the development of innovative therapeutic options in medicine and for a more targeted response to environmental problems. Within the different mechanisms of RNA-based gene regulation, riboswitches are particularly interesting as they change their structure in response to the interaction with a low molecular weight ligand, often a well-known metabolite. Four distinct classes of riboswitches recognize the very small guanidinium cation. We are focused on the Guanidine-II riboswitch with the mini-ykkC motif. We report here the assignment of the 1H, 13C, 15N and 31P chemical shifts of the 23 nucleotide-long sequence of the first stem-loop of the Guanidine-II riboswitch aptamer from Escherichia coli. Despite its small size, the assignment of the NMR signals of this RNA proved to be challenging as it has symmetrical base pairs and palindromic character.
Improving the spatial prediction of topsoil properties in a typical grazing area using multi-season PlanetScope spectral covariates and data mining techniques
Authors: Phinzi Kwanele , Bertalan László , Chakilu Gashaw Gismu , Szabó Szilárd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of topsoil properties in grassland ecosystems is essential for improving soil ecosystem services, quality, and erosion resilience. The availability of free, high-resolution satellite imagery and advanced data mining techniques offers new opportunities for efficient soil property assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of multi-season PlanetScope imagery to predict soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Using random sampling, 121 topsoil samples (0–30 cm depth) were collected with an auger across grasslands, bare soil, and eroded areas within a typical grazing land use. Three data mining techniques: random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and support vector machines (SVM), were applied and evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation. The results indicated that multi-season spectral covariates considerably improved the accuracy of the target soil properties compared to single-season imagery. SVM was the most effective algorithm for predicting SOC, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.52%, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.24%, and R² of 0.92. RF was the best-performing algorithm for predicting soil pH (RMSE = 0.22, MAE = 0.17, and R² = 0.97) and CaCO3 (RMSE = 0.55%, MAE = 0.42%, and R² = 0.96). While XGB failed to capture the variability in soil pH, the other models generated interpretable maps that accurately represented the distribution of soil properties across different land cover categories. The green-red vegetation index (GRVI) was the most critical covariate for predicting SOC, while elevation and the topographic wetness index (TWI) were key predictors for soil pH and CaCO3, respectively. This study underscores the potential of multi-season PlanetScope imagery for accurately predicting soil properties and recommends conducting similar studies in diverse geographical settings to validate these findings and develop more generalizable models.
Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Streptococcus thermophilus 065 and Their Potential to Modulate the Immune Response
Authors: Ortiz Camargo Angela Rocio , van Mastrigt Oscar , Gouw Joost W. , Liu Yue , Bongers Roger S. , van Bergenhenegouwen Jeroen , Knol Jan , Abee Tjakko , Smid Eddy J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bacteria can release membrane-derived nanoparticles made of lipid bilayers, so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can carry diverse cargo and are important for microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. Here, we studied the production of EVs by Streptococcus thermophilus 065, the protein composition of the EVs, and how the produced EVs impact the immune response in vitro. Cultures of S. thermophilus grown for 6 h at 40 °C in M17 broth with 2% lactose reached high biomass yields and a high level of EVs quantified by lipophilic fluorescent dye staining. Proteome analysis of the isolated EVs revealed a high abundance of membrane-associated binding proteins of ABC transporters, ribosomal proteins, and glycolytic enzymes. In addition, phage proteins were found to be present in the EVs, which suggests a low-level expression of prophage genes during growth most likely supporting the release of EVs without causing cell lysis. The role of prophage activation was confirmed in an experiment with the addition of mitomycin C resulting in the expression of phage proteins including holin and endolysin causing a drop in culture OD and concomitant EV release. Subsequent in vitro immune assays using non-activated and activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed immune regulation in both cases upon exposure to S. thermophilus EVs and producer cells. This study shows the capacity of S. thermophilus EVs to act as immune modulators and opens the possibility for their use as postbiotics.
A Quarter Century of Okun’s Law in Scholarly Literature
Authors: Boďa Martin , Považanová Mariana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to canvass the state of the art of research on Okun’s law, the paper surveys 84 articles published in Web of Science™ journals between 1995 and 2020 occupied with estimating the relationship between unemployment and output in the spirit of an approach proposed by Okun (1962). A bibliometric analysis is conducted to identify the most influential works and authors, to establish links between them, and to outline research fronts with main paths of knowledge diffusion. Under a content analysis, the articles included in the survey are further classified by their leitmotif and research agenda as well as by their geographical scope. The basal methodological choices of the articles are overviewed and their temporal patterns are studied. An emphasis is put on the stylized facts constituting the research agenda of 57 of the surveyed applications of Okun’s law (such as instability over time, asymmetries, or age and gender specificity). A majority of studies estimated Okun’s law on the basis of a regression equation that may suggest that it is unemployment that responds to fluctuations in output and adopted the difference version of Okun’s law. In estimating the gap version, the Hodrick-Prescott filter has continued to be a preferred choice despite its well-known flawed statistical properties. Lotka’s law indicates an above-average level of research productivity of authors in this field. The findings provide insights into the intellectual structure of the empirics of Okun’s law and act as guidance for future research on cyclical unemployment-output fluctuations.
Analytical and Numerical Comparison of the Two-Dimensional One-and Two-Phase Energy Storage Phenomenon in Phase Change Materials
Authors: Berent Hasan Kaan , Cihan Ertuğrul , Demir Hasan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work investigated the thermal behavior of phase change material during the melting process in a two-dimensional (2D) plate intended for thermal energy storage. The analytical and numerical analyses were conducted for both one phase and two-phase systems. The numerical analysis was conducted using the Mathematica program, while the COMSOL Multiphysics program, which employs the finite element approach, was employed. To validate the numerical analysis answers, the Stefan-Neumann equations were solved analytically using the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) program. The present study investigated the temporal variation of heat transfer flow during the melting process of paraffin material under a constant wall temperature. A 98.9% agreement is seen between the regression analysis findings of the one-phase numerical and analytical solutions for the melting distance of paraffin from the wall in different time periods (0.8–16 h). This study examined the numerical and analytical solutions for one- and two-phase systems and found that the thermal energy storage values converged to 99.2% for two phase systems and 99.6% for one phase systems.