bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified combination framework for dependent tests with applications to microbiome association studies
Authors: Yu Xiufan , Zhang Linjun , Srinivasan Arun , Xie Min-ge , Xue Lingzhou 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We introduce a novel meta-analysis framework to combine dependent tests under a general setting, and utilize it to synthesize various microbiome association tests that are calculated from the same dataset. Our development builds upon the classical meta-analysis methods of aggregating P-values and also a more recent general method of combining confidence distributions, but makes generalizations to handle dependent tests. The proposed framework ensures rigorous statistical guarantees, and we provide a comprehensive study and compare it with various existing dependent combination methods. Notably, we demonstrate that the widely used Cauchy combination method for dependent tests, referred to as the vanilla Cauchy combination in this article, can be viewed as a special case within our framework. Moreover, the proposed framework provides a way to address the problem when the distributional assumptions underlying the vanilla Cauchy combination are violated. Our numerical results demonstrate that ignoring the dependence among the to-be-combined components may lead to a severe size distortion phenomenon. Compared to the existing P-value combination methods, including the vanilla Cauchy combination method and other methods, the proposed combination framework is flexible and can be adapted to handle the dependence accurately and utilizes the information efficiently to construct tests with accurate size and enhanced power. The development is applied to the microbiome association studies, where we aggregate information from multiple existing tests using the same dataset. The combined tests harness the strengths of each individual test across a wide range of alternative spaces, enabling more efficient and meaningful discoveries of vital microbiome associations.
Refractory eosinophilic pustular folliculitis treated with tofacitinib: a case series and literature review
Authors: Wang Qin-Xiao , He Hai-Yang , Niu Ying-Luo , Fang Sheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is an uncommon skin condition that presents as follicular papules or pustules. The treatment of EPF is challenging due to the high relapse rates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib as a treatment for EPF.

Methods
We presented 3 patients with refractory EPF who had been successfully treated with tofacitinib at our clinic and conducted a literature review using the PubMed database to gain further insight into this promising therapy.

Results
Our patients were effectively treated with tofacitinib. To date, only three patients with EPF treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been reported and reviewed: one treated with tofacitinib and two with abrocitinib. Complete remission was observed in all the above patients, with no adverse events or relapses reported during an average follow-up period of 4.3 months.

Conclusion
Tofacitinib may be an emerging alternative treatment option for EFP patients. Larger randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Simplifying nasal reconstruction after Mohs surgery: an algorithm based on review of over 400 cases
Authors: Breneman Alyssa , Trager Megan H , Bowling Anna , Gordon Emily R , Pollack Karlyn , Samie Faramarz H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Literature on reconstruction techniques for post-Mohs nasal defects with particular emphasis on the unique properties of underlying skin is lacking. We aimed to develop an algorithm to simplify the approach to post-Mohs reconstruction of the nose based on defect size, location, and cutaneous features of the surrounding skin. Retrospective review of 404 patients who underwent post-Mohs nasal reconstruction by a single Mohs surgeon between 2018 and 2024 was conducted. Defects were divided into small, medium, and large sizes. Locations were categorized into 3 zones based on cutaneous characteristics. Frequency of reconstructive techniques based on defect size and location was analyzed. Trends towards specific repairs based on the cutaneous location and size of Mohs defects were utilized to develop an algorithm for reconstructive decision making. This algorithm was based on zones defined by cutaneous characteristics, and may serve as an initial guide for surgeons planning reconstruction of nasal defects.
Challenging Popular Narratives: The Course of Power Transition and Sino–US Relations
Authors: Duan Xiaolin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite intensive scholarly interest in power transition theory (PTT) and its relevance to contemporary Sino–US relations, this article addresses three aspects central to policy discussions that have been largely neglected or taken for granted in the existing scholarly works on PTT. This article first establishes an analytical framework to analyse the course of power transition, enabling an in-depth analysis of the strategic interactions between the rising power and the dominant power throughout this process. It then critically reviews the historical, theoretical, and empirical studies focusing on three key aspects: (1) the timing and regularity of most war-prone moments in the course of power transition; (2) the role of the established power in the rise of its challenger; and (3) the rising power and established power’s incentives for strategic conflict avoidance. It challenges the prevailing narratives that depict a gradual trajectory toward conflict and confrontation as relative power dynamics shift, highlighting the complexity of strategic interactions between the two powers.
A pro-inflammatory diet is associated with growth and virulence of Escherichia coli in pediatric Crohn’s disease
Authors: Breton Jessica , Tu Vincent , Tanes Ceylan , Wilson Naomi , Quinn Ryan , Kachelries Kelly , Friedman Elliot S , Bittinger Kyle , Baldassano Robert N , Compher Charlene , Albenberg Lindsey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between the inflammatory potential of dietary patterns and Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the relationships of these inflammatory dietary determinants with the microbiome remain largely unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of habitual diet, as assessed by the modified Children-Dietary Inflammatory Index (mC-DII), and the fecal microbiome and metabolome of children with CD in comparison to healthy children.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including 51 children with CD between 6 and 18 years of age and 50 healthy controls was conducted. Dietary inflammatory potential was measured using the mC-DII, and diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and alternate Mediterranean Eating Index (aMed). The microbiome was analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis.

Results
A poor-quality, pro-inflammatory diet, with similar mC-DII, HEI-2015, and aMed scores, was found across healthy children and children with CD. In children with active disease, a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with decreased diversity, increased virulence potential, and expansion of the Proteobacteria phylum dominated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) spp. A positive correlation between E. coli relative abundance and mC-DII was associated with a low intake of a cluster composed of fibers, vitamins, and minerals with anti-inflammatory potential. A negative association between metabolites of fatty acid metabolism and HEI was found.

Conclusions
In total, our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet may potentiate hallmarks of the inflammation-associated dysbiosis in CD and highlight the need for microbiome-targeted dietary interventions optimizing the anti-inflammatory potential of habitual diet in the management of pediatric CD.
Women’s physical health around live births and pregnancy losses: a longitudinal study
Authors: Di Nallo Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the long-term physical health impacts of pregnancy outcomes, comparing women who experienced live births to those who had pregnancy losses (miscarriages or stillbirths). While previous research has documented short-term links between pregnancy outcomes and physical health, fewer studies have explored these associations over the long term, particularly considering women’s preconception health. Data were drawn from the Understanding Society Survey [UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS)] from 2009 to 2023. The sample included 2386 women who reported their first pregnancy and were observed over multiple time points, both before and after pregnancy. Physical health was assessed using the Physical Component Summary (PCS) from the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) questionnaire. Linear fixed-effects models were used to analyze changes in physical health relative to pregnancy outcomes, adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and mental health covariates. The analysis revealed a sharp decline in physical health (PCS score) at the end of pregnancy for both groups, with a more pronounced decline among women experiencing pregnancy losses. Post-pregnancy, these women continued to report lower PCS scores compared to those with live births, particularly in the 2 years following pregnancy. The confounders did not fully explain the observed differences. Pregnancy losses are associated with a significant and lasting decline in women’s physical health, even after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Women who experience losses often report worse health than those transitioning to motherhood, with symptoms potentially including fatigue, pain, and cardiovascular diseases. These findings underscore the importance of long-term health monitoring and support for women following miscarriage or stillbirth.
Computational fluid dynamics to simulate stenotic lesions in coronary end-to-side anastomosis
Authors: Kamiya Kenichi , Terada Shinya , Nagatani Yukihiro , Matsubayashi Yuji , Suzuki Kohei , Miyazaki Shohei , Matsui Hiroki , Takano Shota , Nakata Susumu , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Tomoaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
End-to-side anastomosis is common in coronary artery bypass grafting, although restrictive suturing can narrow the anastomosis. We evaluated ex vivo end-to-side models by numerically simulating fluid dynamics to compare various degrees of stenotic anastomoses to predict haemodynamic effects.

METHODS
A carotid artery was grafted via an end-to-side anastomosis onto the left anterior descending artery of a porcine heart, with liquid silicone injected into the vessels. The end-to-side image was acquired via multidetector computed tomography for reference, and models of longitudinal shortening and bilateral narrowing were created with 25%, 50%, 75%, along with 90%, and 100% stenosis in the native coronary artery. Haemodynamics were analysed using computational fluid dynamics simulations to calculate streamlines, wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index.

RESULTS
In the reference model, the graft inflow impinged on the floor of the native artery, creating a recirculating vortex and a high oscillatory shear index region near the heel. As the graft flow angle increased with longitudinal stenosis, bilateral stenosis generated helical flow near the lateral wall of the native artery, worsening with increased stenosis. At 75% stenosis, both longitudinal shortening and bilateral narrowing caused abnormal flow separation, with low wall shear stress and high oscillatory regions forming distal to the toe of the anastomosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Computational fluid dynamics modelling predicts that end-to-side anastomoses with 75% longitudinal or bilateral stenosis are at a risk of intimal hyperplasia causing graft failure, while anastomotic stenosis &lt;50% indicates acceptable haemodynamics. Future studies should explore long-term clinical outcomes with suboptimal surgical anastomotic construction.

CLINICAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Not applicable.
Non-planar Ends are Continuously Unforgettable
Authors: Aramayona Javier , de Pool Rodrigo , Skipper Rachel , Tao Jing , Vlamis Nicholas G , Wu Xiaolei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show that continuous epimorphisms between a class of subgroups of mapping class groups of orientable infinite-genus 2-manifolds with no planar ends are always induced by homeomorphisms. This class of subgroups includes the pure mapping class group, the closure of the compactly supported mapping classes, and the full mapping class group in the case that the underlying manifold has a finite number of ends or is perfectly self-similar. As a corollary, these groups are Hopfian topological groups.
Ten-Year Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Adults: Incidence Rates and Case Definition Implications
Authors: Urchueguía-Fornes Arantxa , Muñoz-Quiles Cintia , Mira-Iglesias Ainara , López-Lacort Mónica , Mengual-Chuliá Beatriz , López-Labrador F Xavier , Díez-Domingo Javier , Orrico-Sánchez Alejandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults is underrecognized, and the limited existing studies on the incidence of hospitalizations show great variability. This study aims to estimate the seasonal incidence rates (IRs) of RSV hospitalizations among adults aged ≥60 years and evaluate how different case definitions influence these estimates.

Methods
A prospective, multicenter observational study with active monitoring was conducted over 10 seasons (2010–2011 to 2019–2020) in 4–10 hospitals (depending on the season) and covered 21%–46% of the region's total population (about 5 million people). RSV hospitalization IRs per 100 000 person-years and 95% confidence intervals were calculated with the exact Poisson method and were stratified by age group (≥60, ≥70, or ≥80 years), RSV season, sex, and the entire study period. Two case definitions were compared: influenzalike illness (ILI) and the combined use of ILI and extended severe acute respiratory infection (ILI/SARI).

Results
A total of 40 600 hospitalizations of individuals aged ≥60 years were included. The RSV hospitalization IRs ranged from 21 to 402 per 100 000 person-years, varying by season, age group, and case definition. The highest IRs were observed in those aged ≥80 years. The ILI case definition underestimated RSV hospitalizations by 13%–40% when compared with the ILI/SARI case definition.

Conclusions
On average, approximately 1 in every 1000 adults aged ≥60 years is hospitalized due to RSV. The risk of a severe RSV infection increases with age and varies significantly between seasons. These are key results for the estimation of the potential impact of the new available RSV vaccines.
A staged approach to resecting a large rectal polyp using endoscopic mucosal resection and trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery: a case report
Authors: Guduguntla Bhavna A , Yee Jared , Wise Paul E , Bazarbashi Ahmad Najdat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large rectal adenomatous polyps are not uncommon. Proctectomy sparing interventions are favored when feasible. We present a case of a 62-year-old woman, who presented with diarrhea for several years. Colonoscopy revealed a very large 60 mm rectal polyp, biopsied as tubulovillous adenoma. This was successfully resected using a staged approach with endoscopic mucosal resection and trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery. Endoscopic mucosal resection removed 70% of the lesion with central scarred not amenable to resection but amenable to transanal excision. Pathology demonstrated tubulovillous adenoma with negative margins. Flexible sigmoidoscopy at 6-month follow-up revealed well healed scar without recurrence or residual disease. This demonstrates a staged resection for a large rectal polyp which is minimally invasive and organ preserving.
Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Pellikka Patricia A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stress echocardiography is a well-validated, relatively inexpensive, and widely available means of detecting coronary artery disease and assessing prognosis. Newer techniques may permit increased accuracy and quantification of the extent and severity of ischemia. The test is highly versatile and additionally has applications to evaluation of valvular heart disease, diastolic dysfunction, and exertional cardiac symptoms.
Nuclear Cardiology: SPECT Imaging
Authors: Jouni Hayan , Askew J. Wells 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques are commonly used to evaluate myocardial perfusion at rest and with stress, to measure left ventricular function and volume, and to determine the presence or absence of myocardial viability. Important imaging isotopes in cardiology are thallium 201 and technetium 99m. Standard imaging planes used for tomographic reconstruction are short axis, horizontal long axis, and vertical long axis
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Allison Thomas G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing—also called metabolic stress testing and maximum oxygen consumption testing—is an important tool in a state-of-the-art, comprehensive cardiovascular center. Originally, cardiopulmonary exercise testing was developed for testing the fitness of athletes, such as long-distance runners and cross-country skiers since maximum oxygen consumption is the most important predictor of performance in endurance events. Measurement of oxygen consumption during various forms of physical labor was also an important early use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Trials and Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Sugrue Alan , Killu Ammar M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As many as 450,000 people may experience sudden cardiac death each year in the United States. This number may be an overestimation because it is understood that perhaps 25% to 50% of deaths attributed to cardiac arrest, when no other obvious cause is identified, are actually noncardiac. Ventricular fibrillation, often preceded by ventricular tachycardia, is a common cause of sudden cardiac death and is effectively terminated by defibrillation. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators have revolutionized the approach to management of sudden cardiac death. Although implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were initially met with skepticism and critique, in which many believed this to be an unethical therapy, multiple clinical trials have defined the indications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy for both primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Epidemiology of Valvular Heart Diseases
Authors: Waterbury Thomas M. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Typically, valvular heart diseases are left-sided and affect the mitral and aortic valves, which can become regurgitant or stenotic. Physiologic valve regurgitation is common in the general population and is not associated with adverse outcomes, but regurgitation that is not physiologic, particularly if it is moderate or severe, negatively affects overall survival. Any degree of valve stenosis is pathologic, and stenosis that is moderate or severe is associated with decreased survival. Primary right-sided (tricuspid and pulmonic) valve diseases are less common. Tricuspid valve regurgitation is usually due to left-sided heart disease or lung disease.
Carcinoid and Drug-Related Heart Disease
Authors: Waterbury Thomas M. , Connolly Heidi M. , Pellikka Patricia A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Progress in the management of patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors has resulted in improved symptoms and long-term survival, yet carcinoid heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and death. There are limited medical treatment options for patients with carcinoid heart disease; for patients with severe carcinoid valvular heart disease, valve replacement has been increasingly used.
Quick Reference Guide to Valvular &#x2028;Heart Disease
Authors: Luis S. Allen , Padang Sari 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The assessment and management of valvular heart disease plays an essential role in the practice of cardiovascular medicine. We present suggested algorithms based on current guidelines and literature to guide the management of patients with valvular heart disease. These algorithms form a suggested approach to management, and clinical judgment should always be exercised to determine their applicability to a particular patient. The assessment of valvular heart disease requires careful clinical evaluation, including a meticulous history and physical examination.
Treatment and Prevention of Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: McBane Robert D. , Wysokinski Waldemar E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Each year, more than 1 million Americans experience a new or recurrent myocardial infarction and 795,000 Americans have a new or recurrent stroke. These events are thrombotic in nature and, therefore, are potentially treatable and preventable with the appropriate use of antithrombotic agents. Current antithrombotic therapy targets 3 of the 4 stages of thrombus formation: platelet activation, platelet aggregation, and coagulation cascade activation. There are no effective means to prevent the initial stage of platelet adhesion to injured arterial walls. This chapter reviews the mechanism of action, pharmacology, and clinical use of agents for the prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis.
Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Wysokinski Waldemar E. , McBane Robert D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pulmonary embolism is an acute complication of deep vein thrombosis and represents the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. Morbidity and mortality from pulmonary embolism depend not only on the clot burden but also on the presence and severity of preexisting cardiopulmonary disease and the response of the cardiovascular system to the embolism. Cardiovascular physicians caring for patients with chest pain syndromes and cardiovascular disease must be proficient in the evaluation, risk stratification, and treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism. Management of pulmonary embolism must take into consideration all antithrombotic agents to treat the pulmonary embolism but also counterbalance the risk of major bleeding, particularly for patients who require combined antiplatelet agents.
Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Svatikova Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is typified by an aggregation of specific metabolic risk factors: abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. It has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several different clinical definitions of metabolic syndrome have been proposed by various organizations, including International Diabetes Foundation and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. To unify these criteria, an international consortium of cardiovascular and diabetes organizations published a Joint Scientific Statement in 2009, which stated that the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome requires the presence of at least 3 of the following 5 risk factors: increased waist circumference, elevated serum triglyceride level, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, hypertension, and increased fasting glucose value.
Hypertension
Authors: Brady Adrian J. B. , Murphy Joseph G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hypertension is the clinical condition of sustained high blood pressure and if untreated causes coronary heart disease and hypertensive heart failure, renal failure, and retinal damage. It is the most risk important risk factor for stroke and can cause hypertensive encephalopathy. Stroke risk is linearly related to blood pressure. The detection and treatment of hypertension are the most important interventions in cardiovascular medicine worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.