bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymes active in the areas undergoing cartilage resorption during the development of the secondary ossification center in the tibiae of rats ages 0–21 days: I. Two groups of proteinases cleave the core protein of aggrecan
Authors: Lee Eunice R. , Lamplugh Lisa , Davoli Maria Antonietta , Beauchemin Annie , Chan Kevin , Mort John S. , Leblond Charles Philippe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe formation of a secondary ossification center in the cartilaginous epiphysis of long bones requires the excavation of canals and marrow space and, therefore, the resorption of cartilage. On the assumption that its resorption requires the lysis of the major cartilage component aggrecan, it was noted that the core protein may be cleaved in vitro by proteinases from two subfamilies: matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases. Such cleavage results in aggrecan being replaced by a fragment of itself referred to as a “G1‐fragment.” To find out if this cleavage occurs in the developing epiphysis of the rat tibia, the approach has been to localize the G1 fragments. For this purpose two neoepitope antisera were applied, one capable of recognizing the MMP‐generated G1‐fragment that bears the C‐terminus …FVDIPEN341 and the other capable of recognizing the aggrecanase‐generated G1‐fragment that carries the C‐terminus …NITEGE373. With the aid of these antisera, we report here that aggrecan cleavage is localized to newly developed sites of erosion. Thus, at 6 days of age, canals allowing the entry of capillaries are dug out from the surface of the epiphysis in a radial direction (stage I), whereas immunostaining indicative of aggrecan cleavage by MMPs appears at the blind end of each canal. The next day, the canal blind ends fuse to create a marrow space in the epiphysis (stage II), whereas immunostaining produced by MMPs occurs along the walls of this space. By 9 days, clusters of hypertrophic chondrocytes are scattered along the marrow space wall to initiate the formation of the secondary ossification center (stage III), where the resorption sites are unreactive to either antiserum. From the 9th to the 21st day, the center keeps on enlarging and, as the distal wall of the marrow space recedes, it is intensely immunostained with both antisera indicating that both MMPs and aggrecanases are involved in this resorption. We conclude, that both enzyme subfamilies contribute to the lysis of aggrecan. However, the results suggest that the respective subfamilies target different sites and even stages of development in the tissue, suggesting some diversity in the mode of aggrecan lysis during the excavation of a secondary ossification center. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence for ventrally migrating neural tube cells from the mid‐ and hindbrain
Authors: Yaneza May , Gilthorpe Jonathan D. , Lumsden Andrew , Tucker Abigail S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbstractThe neural crest is a migratory population of cells that originates from the dorsal neural tube in vertebrates. Recently, the existence of a group of ventrally emigrating neural tube (VENT) cells has been proposed, based upon cell labelling studies in the hindbrain of avian embryos. Like crest cells, these VENT cells have been reported to give rise to numerous cell types. VENT cell emigration is thought to occur after embryonic day (E) 3, when neural crest cell production has ceased. Migration of cells from the ventral neural tube into the periphery was inferred retrospectively after examining numerous embryos harvested at different stages. We have attempted to label VENT cells in vivo by using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression vector, electroporated into the ventral neural tube after crest cell migration and before the putative migration of the ventrally localised cells. Because GFP can be visualised strongly in living tissue a few hours after electroporation, the migration of labelled cells within the same embryo can be followed. Fluorescent cells labelled in the mid‐hindbrain region were examined in ovo and in explant culture. No GFP‐expressing cells were detected emigrating from the ventral neural tube from E3 to E5. Our findings are, thus, in disagreement with those of previous studies, which have indicated the existence of VENT cells in the cranial region. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comorbidity of obsessive‐compulsive disorders and duration of eating disorders
Authors: Milos Gabriella , Spindler Anja , Ruggiero Giovanni , Klaghofer Richard , Schnyder Ulrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the comorbidity of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (ED) and examined the relationship between OCD comorbidity and the duration of ED. Subjects with OCD were expected to show a longer history of ED.MethodED females (N = 237; 84 with anorexia nervosa and 153 with bulimia nervosa) were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I disorders (SCID‐1). Data were analyzed by logistic regression to determine whether OCD comorbidity is associated with duration of ED.ResultsThe total sample showed a prevalence rate for OCD of 29.5%. OCD prevalence did not differ between anorexic and bulimic subjects. OCD comorbidity was significantly associated with a longer history of ED.ConclusionThe findings of the study support previous research indicating a high comorbidity of ED with OCD. The results also suggest that OCD may play a role in the course of ED. Prospective studies are necessary to examine this hypothesis further. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 284–289, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10013
The interrater reliability of physical signs in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Tyler Ingrid , Birmingham C. Laird 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the interrater reliability of five common signs of eating disorders.MethodsEating disorder patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified (ED‐NOS), at various stages of recovery, were evaluated for the presence or absence of lanugo hair, acrocyanosis, parotid hypertrophy, hypercarotinemia, and Russell's sign. Patients were examined by two physicians with similar experience and training. Results are analyzed for reliability using the kappa statistic (κ).ResultsKappa scores were as follows, indicating marginal reproducibility of results: lanugo hair (κ = 0.606), acrocyanosis (κ = 0.014), parotid hypertrophy (κ = 0.266), hypercarotinemia (κ = 0.101) , and Russell's sign (κ = 0.140).ConclusionThe interrater reliability for individual items ranged from poor to moderate. Overall, there is marginal interrater reliability for the five common signs of eating disorders assessed. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 343–345, 2001.
Fabrication of NbN single flux quantum (SFQ) circuit and operating properties at 10 K
Authors: Terai Hirotaka , Wang Zhen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe fabricated a prototype of a single flux quantum (SFQ) logic circuit for operation near 10 K by using NbN, which has a critical temperature around 16 K. This circuit is fabricated on a 2‐inch silicon (Si) substrate based on the NbN/AlN/NbN tunnel junction having fluctuations in the critical current of ±5% or less from 976 Josephson junctions (JJ). The fabrication of a prototype circuit to generate, propagate, and detect SFQ pulses and the examination of its operation confirmed normal operation up to approximately 9.8 K, which is close to 10 K. In addition, at the operating temperature of 8.5 K, the operations of elementary cells such as a confluence buffer and a T flip‐flop were verified and were successful in the operation of the largest scale circuit, an 8‐bit shift register consisting of 105 JJ. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(10): 34–39, 2001
Calibration of a moving camera using a planar pattern: Optimal computation, reliability evaluation, and stabilization by the geometric AIC
Authors: Matsunaga Chikara , Kanatani Kenichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a “simultaneous calibration” scheme for computing the parameters of a continuously moving and continuously zooming camera by placing a planar pattern behind the object. We describe a procedure for computing an analytical solution which is exact in the absence of noise, estimating an optimal solution that attains the theoretical accuracy bound in the presence of noise, and evaluating the reliability of the computed solution. Finally, we show that degenerate configurations in which the solution is indeterminate and statistical fluctuations of computation can be avoided by “model selection.” This is done by comparing the model predicted from the history of the camera motion with the actually computed model by the “geometric AIC.” We confirm the effectiveness of our method by simulations and show real image examples. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(7): 12–21, 2001
A hill‐climbing learning method for Hopfield networks
Authors: Tang Zheng , Jin Haihe , Murao Kenji , Ishizuka Okihiko , Tanno Koichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a hill‐climbing learning method for Hopfield networks in which the energy of the network is intentionally raised in the weight space so that the network can escape from local minima. This learning method involves repeated updating of the Hopfield network in state space and modification of the weights in weight space if it settles into a local minimum, so that the energy is raised. Shifting of the global minimum during learning can be avoided by updating the state on the unlearned Hopfield network in state space, using equilibrium states obtained from learning as the initial state. Simulations using this learning method show that the Hopfield network can escape from a local minimum which depends on the initial state. A simulation experiment is first conducted with a two‐variable Hopfield network, and the convergence of learning and the change of the domain from a local minimum to a global minimum are demonstrated. Then, using an example of the traveling‐salesman problem, a simulation is performed using concrete numerical values, and the validity of the method is demonstrated. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(7): 28–40, 2001
Incorporating the environment into structural funds regional programmes: evolution, current developments and future prospects
Authors: Roberts Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the last two decades the environment has become an important element in a number of areas of member state and European Union policy. A key instrument for the delivery of environmental objectives is the European Union's Structural Funds. These Funds provide support for regional development programmes, which are developed and managed by partnerships representing the European Commission, member state governments and regional stakeholders. A potential model for these environmentally driven regional programmes is provided by the concept of ecological modernization. Environmental concerns have now been absorbed into the regional programmes and it is likely that in future even greater emphasis will be placed on the environmental (and social) dimensions of regional development. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Molecular epidemiologic studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–DNA adducts and breast cancer
Authors: Rundle Andrew , Tang Deliang , Hibshoosh Hanina , Schnabel Freya , Kelly Amalia , Levine Richard , Zhou Jingzhi , Link Bruce , Perera Frederica 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe review our studies on the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)–DNA adducts in breast cancer. Additionally we report on analyses of the reliability of the scoring procedures used with immunohistochemical assay for PAH–DNA adducts and of potential bias arising from the use of benign breast disease (BBD) controls. We conducted a case‐control study utilizing two control groups: BBD controls who donated tissue and blood samples, and healthy controls who donated blood samples. In comparisons of tumor tissue from cases and benign tissue from BBD controls, increasing adduct levels were significantly associated with case‐control status [odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–4.92], whereas in comparisons of nontumor tissue from cases and benign tissue from BBD controls the association was nonsignificant (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 0.94–4.17). We also show among cases, but not among BBD controls, that theGSTM1null genotype is associated with increased adduct levels in breast tissue. Our reliability study found the scoring procedures used with the immunohistochemical assay to have high reliability, 0.93 in nontumor, 0.82 in tumor, and 0.74 in benign tissues. However, we found that the technician significantly contributed to the total variability of a series of data. Finally, we did not find a consistent bias to the null associated with the use of BBD controls; however, BBD controls may overestimate the prevalence of family history of breast cancer compared to that of healthy controls (18% vs.14%). We hypothesize that the higher prevalence results from a referral bias and discuss how this may influence our results. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:201–207, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender difference in DNA adduct levels among nonsmoking lung cancer patients
Authors: Cheng Ya‐Wen , Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Lin Pin‐Pin , Chen Chao‐Pin , Chen Chih‐Yi , Lin Ton‐Sen , Su Jan‐Ming , Lee Huei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Taiwanese women. Cigarette smoking cannot explain the high lung cancer mortality in this population because less than 10% of women in Taiwan are smokers. Therefore, environmental factors other than smoking may play an important role in lung cancer development in female nonsmokers. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of environmental carcinogen exposure in lung cancer development in Taiwanese female nonsmokers, based on DNA adduct formation. We collected nontumorous lung tissues resected from 62 nonsmoking lung cancer patients and 20 noncancer controls to investigate whether differences in susceptibility to DNA adduct formation exist between men and women. 32P‐postlabeling and ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) with polyclonal antibody against BPDE (7,8‐dihydroxy‐anti‐9,10‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene)–DNA adduct were used to evaluate DNA adduct levels in lung tissues of study subjects. Our data showed that the DNA adduct levels of lung cancer patients determined by both assays were significantly higher than those of noncancer controls (P = 0.0001 for 32P‐postlabeling; P = 0.01 for ELISA). Moreover, DNA adduct levels in females were markedly greater than those in males (P = 0.014 for 32P‐postlabeling; P = 0.001 for ELISA). The difference in DNA adduct levels could not be explained by genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P‐4501A1 (CYP1A1) or glutathione S‐transferase (GSTM1), as determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. These results demonstrate that lung cancer patients have a higher susceptibility to DNA damage than that of noncancer controls. In addition, differences in susceptibility to DNA damage derived from environmental carcinogen exposure were observed between male and female nonsmokers. In conclusion, high susceptibility to DNA damage in females may partially explain the high mortality rate of lung cancer in nonsmoking Taiwanese women. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:304–310, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methods for the analysis of trends in streamflow response due to changes in catchment condition
Authors: Letcher R. A. , Schreider S. Yu. , Jakeman A. J. , Neal B. P. , Nathan R. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo algorithms for analysing changes in streamflow response due to changes in land use and farm dam development, based on the Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) and the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) methods, were compared on three catchments in the Macquarie River Basin in NSW, Australia. In order to account for the influence of climatic conditions on streamflow response, the IHACRES conceptual rainfall‐runoff model was calibrated on a daily time step over two‐year periods then simulated over the entire period of concurrent rainfall, streamflow and temperature data. Residuals or differences between observed and simulated flows were calculated. The EGLS method was applied to a smoothing of the residual (daily) time series. Such residuals represent the difference between the simulated streamflow response to a fixed catchment condition (in the calibration period) and that due to the actual varying conditions throughout the record period. The GAM method was applied to quarterly aggregated residuals. The methods provided similar qualitative results for trends in residual streamflow response in each catchment for models with a good fitting performance on the calibration period in terms of a number of statistics, i.e. the coefficient of efficiency R2, bias and average relative parameter error (ARPE). It was found that the fit of the IHACRES model to the calibration period is critically important in determining trend values and significance. Models with well identified parameters and less correlation between rainfall and model residuals are likely to give the best results for trend analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal placement of sensors on buildings subjected to intermediate‐storey excitation according to QN control method
Authors: Xing Liping , Tachibana Eizaburo , Inoue Yutaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn algorithm to calculate direct velocity feedback gain with limited number of sensors is developed in a simple way such that a certain performance index is minimized according to QN control method. If a limited number of velocity outputs can be measured, full velocity responses of the whole structure can be interpolated based on the mode shapes. By defining the performance index function as a combination of the structure's velocity responses and control forces only, feedback gain can be determined according to QN control method with the external excitation being taken into account throughout the entire algorithm. Control forces are then regulated by the time‐invariant feedback gain matrix. The effective location of the active control devices for a building structure subjected to intermediate‐storey excitation has been determined to be in the three floors adjacent to the vibration source. Hence for the purpose of this paper, only the optimal placement of sensors is verified. It is shown in this paper that if the dynamic behaviour of the structure is well described by a mathematical model, sufficient response reduction effect can be achieved according to the new DVFC algorithm, and the degradation of control performance due to time delay can also be verified. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation into the influence of gender and parenting styles on excessive exercise and disordered eating
Authors: Tata Philip , Fox John , Cooper Jerry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious research has shown a gender difference in the incidence of eating disorders, with a far higher number of female sufferers. This study aimed to re‐examine this gender difference, and also any difference in primary excessive exercise, based on Lerner et al.'s (1976) theoretical distinction between ‘body effectiveness’ and ‘body attractiveness’. It also considered the significance of parental styles to abnormal eating and exercising behaviour. As predicted, young adult females demonstrated significantly higher levels of disordered eating than young adult males while the reverse was the case for excessive exercise. The degree of these behavioural abnormalities was related to low body satisfaction and subjects' weight perceptions. For both sexes, mother and father overprotection was associated with low body satisfaction, and, for female subjects, disordered eating patterns. These results are discussed in relation to Lerner et al.'s (1976) theory and the models proposed by Eisler and Le Grange (1990). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Anorexia nervosa and psychological control: a reexamination of selected theoretical accounts
Authors: Surgenor Lois J. , Horn Jacqueline , Plumridge Elizabeth W. , Hudson Stephen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPsychological control has been hypothesized to play a central role in the aetiology and maintenance of anorexia nervosa (AN). Indeed, by positioning psychological control as an important organizing or underlying causal mechanism, theoretical accounts typically rely on this construct. This paper reviews three strategically important accounts of the hypothesized relationship between psychological control and AN. These theoretically articulated relationships are complex and diverse. The implications of this situation for current clinical practice, and future research questions, are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Small‐size sensors for the in‐field stripping voltammetric analysis of water
Authors: Brainina Khiena Z. , Kubysheva Inna V. , Miroshnikova Elena G. , Parshakov Stanislav I. , Maksimov Yuri G. , Volkonsky Andrei E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSensors based on thick‐film graphite and screen‐printed electrodes open up a new era in stripping voltammetry. The increasing application of the stripping analysis in laboratory, field, and on‐line variants is expected in the near future. The use of modified thick‐film graphite and screen‐printed electrodes allows solving main problems of the method: toxicity of mercury and mechanical regeneration of the solid electrode surface. However, one of the problems with the stripping voltammetric method, namely the interference of organic compounds, cannot be solved without sample pretreatment. New four‐electrode sensors based on thick‐film graphite and screen‐printed carbon electrodes for analysis of natural and waste waters are described. The analysis is performed in three steps: sample pretreatment, accumulation of the analyte on the electrode surface, and measurement. The measuring cells have a small volume (e.g., 0.2–0.8 ml) sufficient for uniform mixing of the test solution and introduction (if required) of standard additions. A solid electrolyte can be placed in the cell. The sensors were used for determination of Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations. The detection limit is n × 10−7 g l−1. Some results of the analysis of model solutions, river and waste waters with the use of the standard addition method or calibration curves are given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 260–271, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10006
Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium fruticans L. from the Maremma Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Flamini Guido , Cioni Pier Luigi , Morelli Ivano , Maccioni Simonetta , Monti Giovanni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe composition of the essential oil of a population of Teucrium fruticans L. from the Maremma Regional Park, Italy, has been studied for the first time. The oil was obtained from both flowering and fruiting tops. The former contained almost equal amounts of mono‐ and sesquiterpenes (53% and 45%, respectively), while the latter was constituted mainly by sesquiterpenes (70%). The main components during the flowering phase were β‐pinene (21%), germacrene D (18%), β‐myrcene (13%), and β‐caryophyllene (12%), and during the fruiting phase germacrene D (24%), β‐caryophyllene (22%), β‐pinene (7%) and β‐selinene (7%). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.