bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Efficiency of Cows with Endometritis after Treatment with Intrauterine Infusions or Prostaglandin Injections, or No Treatment
Authors: Knutti B. , Kupfer U. , Busato A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryData from 3276 cows with 6598 lactations in 85 herds participating in a herd health monitoring programme were selected for an observational study. Cases of endometritis were diagnosed based on a clinical examination after 21 days postpartum. The cases were grouped by the severity of endometritis (mild, severe) and by the treatment performed (intrauterine infusion, prostaglandin injection, no treatment). The conception rates and the calving‐to‐conception intervals of these groups were compared statistically. Conception rate was lower in cows with severe endometritis compared to cows with mild endometritis while it did not differ between treatment groups. In cows with mild endometritis a significantly longer calving‐to‐conception interval was observed if intrauterine infusions were performed compared to the other two treatment options. The occurrence of other fertility problems during the same service period had a significant effect on conception rate and calving‐to‐conception intervals. In cows with severe endometritis intrauterine or prostaglandin treatments appeared to be beneficial, whereas intrauterine infusions in cows with slight endometritis had a negative effect on reproductive efficiency.
Iron Deficiency in Outdoor Pig Production
Authors: SZABO P. , BILKEI G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIt has been claimed that outdoor‐reared suckling piglets do not need iron supplementation. According to practical experience, outdoor‐reared and non‐iron‐supplemented piglets show a lower performance in comparison with their iron‐supplemented counterparts. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of iron supplementation on outdoor‐reared suckling piglets. In a large Hungarian outdoor pig production unit, 4691 piglets were assigned to one of two treatment groups. Piglets in group 1 (n = 2344): received no iron supplementation, whereas piglets in group 2 (n = 2347) were intramuscularly injected in the neck on day 3 post‐ partum with 1.5 ml of Ferriphor® 10% solution (TAD Pharmaceutical GmbH, Bremerhaven, Germany). Animal weights, morbidity, haemoglobin concentration and mortality were recorded and analysed. At weaning the iron‐injected piglets were significantly (P < 0.05) heavier. The iron‐supplemented piglets also revealed significantly (P < 0.01) less pre‐weaning morbidity and mortality and higher (P < 0.01) blood haemoglobin concentration compared with the non‐injected ones. This study suggests that in order to prevent pre‐weaning losses and support piglet health and weight performance, iron supplementation should be administered to piglets in outdoor pig production units.
Neospora caninumInfection in a Clinically Healthy Calf: Parasitological Study and Serological Follow‐up
Authors: Fioretti D. Pergili , Rosignoli L. , Ricci G. , Moretti A. , Pasquali P. , Polidori G. A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this study a case of congenital infection in a clinically healthy calf is reported. The mother showed high antibody levels (IFAT) at 230 days of gestation (IgG titres 1:1600, IgM titres 1:320) and the parasite was isolated from placental cotyledonary villi at calving. The IgM values are indicative of a recent infection in the third trimester of gestation. The calf was monitored serologically for IgM and IgG from birth until slaughtering, at 8 months of age. IgM titre showed a peak at birth, while IgG peak was observed at 40–60 days of age. Parasitic isolation was obtained by biological tests using Swiss mice or VERO cell cultures inoculated with brain and spinal cord tissues. The parasitic presence in the calf was also evidenced in the myocardium with immunohistochemical method. The results are very important because they demonstrate that the period of gestation in which the cow becomes infected is an important factor in the pathogenesis ofN. caninuminduced abortion: in fact, the acquisition of infection in the third trimester of gestation allowed the foetus to develop a sufficient grade of immunocompetency to limit parasite multiplication with the result of a calf born clinically healthy.
The Pathology of Goat Paratuberculosis: Gross and Histopathological Lesions in the Intestines and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Authors: Khodakaram Tafti A. , Rashidi K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryFrom a pathological examination of the intestinal tracts of 1590 goats killed at slaughterhouses in the Fars Province of Iran, 59 cases (3.71 %) were suspected, on gross examination, of having paratuberculosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological study and Ziehl‐Neelsen staining of direct smears of rectal faeces. On the basis of severity of involvement of the terminal ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes, the microscopic lesions were classified to mild, moderate and severe forms. Caseous necrosis and calcification were observed only in the mesenteric lymph nodes. High numbers of acid‐fast organisms were present in the epithelioid macrophages of the intestine but were inapparent or sparse in the mesenteric lymph nodes. On microscopic examination, 13.5 % of the suspected animals were found to have paratuberculosis, in comparison with 3.38 % by direct faecal smears. In addition, 30.5 % and 15.3 % of the animals were diagnosed as having eosinophilic enteritis and linguatulosis, respectively. These finidings stress the importance of a careful histopathological examination of the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats.
Milk Leucocyte Population Patterns in Bovine Udder Infection of Different Aetiology
Authors: Leitner G. , Shoshani E. , Krifucks O. , Chaffer M. , Saran A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study compared the different leucocyte populations in milk from udders infected with different mastitic pathogens and in different stages of infection. Milk samples were collected from quarters free of intramammary infection, acutely infected withEscherichia coliorStaphylococcus aureusand chronically infected withS. aureus, coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) orStreptococcus dysgalactiae. Udder bacteriological status was confirmed after three consecutive bacteriological examinations from weekly quarter milk samples. At the time of the trial, milk samples were tested for somatic cell count (SCC) and differential cell count by both light microscopy (LM) and flow cytometry. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) CD11a/CD18 was used in order to differentiate between leucocytes and epithelial cells when tested by flow cytometry. Udder quarters free of intramammary infection had a mean SCC lower than 107 × 103cells/ml in which the epithelial cells were the main cell type followed by polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), while macrophages and lymphocytes had a lower concentration. Only 56 % of the cells were labelled with the mAb anti‐CD11a/CD18. In either acuteE. coli‐ orS. aureus‐ infected quarters, SCC were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than in samples from the time of inoculation, with over 90 % of the cells labelled with the mAb anti‐CD11a/CD18. The main cell type was neutrophils. In chronically infected cows, differences in SCC and in leucocyte patterns were found between infecting pathogens as well as between quarters harbouring the same pathogen. In all the chronically infected quarters, SCC was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in uninfected ones. The distribution of the leucocyte patterns in the quarters infected withS. dysgalactiaedid not differ from that in quarters with acute infection with bothE. coliandS. aureus. In the cows chronically infected withS. aureusor CNS, the proportion of PMN was higher but not significantly different from quarters free of intramammary infection, while epithelial cells were significantly lower (P < 0.05). The T lymphocytes bearing CD4+or CD8+were significantly higher in quarters chronically infected withS. aureusthan in quarters free of intramammary infection and in quarters acutely infected with eitherE. coliorS. aureus. In all samples B cells were negligible.
Bacterial Flora in Foals with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland
Authors: Boguta L. , Gradzki Z. , Borges E. , Maurin F. , Kodjo A. , Winiarczyk S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBacteria isolated from nasal cavity of 80 foals with upper respiratory tract infection, as well as from 20 healthy foals, were examined. Within the group of sick animals, from 18 (22.5%) bacteria with recognized pathogenicity were isolated. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci andAcinetobactersp. were the dominant species identified (100 and 45%, respectively). No bacteria species with recognized pathogenicity were isolated from the group of healthy animals. Three cases of death within the group of sick foals were investigated.Rhodococcus equiin two cases andKlebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniaetogether withEscherichia coliwere isolated post‐mortem from lung abscesses.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Tissue Concentrations of Parent Drug and Ciprofloxacin after Intramuscular Administrations of Free and Liposome‐Encapsulated Enrofloxacin in Rabbits
Authors: Elmas M. , Yazar E. , Baş A. L. , Traş B. , Bayezi̇t M. , Yapar K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryPharmacokinetic properties and tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were compared after intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of free and liposome‐encapsulated enrofloxacin at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw). Twelve healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in the experiment. Blood samples were obtained at 10, 20, 40, 60 and 90 min and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h and tissue samples were collected 24 h after injection. Concentrations of drugs in serum were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics were best described by a two‐compartment open model. Results indicated that absorption rate was slow, peak concentration was higher (P < 0.05), and the time to peak concentration (tmax ≅ 1.5 h) was significantly longer (P < 0.05) for liposome‐encapsulated enrofloxacin (LEE) when compared with free enrofloxacin. Values of elimination half‐life (t1/2β = 12.9 h) and mean residence time (MRT = 17.6 h) of liposome‐encapsulated enrofloxacin were longer (P < 0.05) and total clearance (Cl = 0.43 l/h/kg) was lower than those of free form. Moreover, the distribution volume at steady‐state (Vd(ss) = 14.4 l/kg) of enrofloxacin administered encapsulated into liposomes was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of free enrofloxacin (FE). The tissue levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin after LEE injection were not different (P > 0.05) from FE. In conclusion, the result of present study suggest that LEE may be a beneficial and valuable formulation in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in animals, providing sustained drug release from injection side and prolonged therapeutic serum concentrations after i.m. administration.
Effects of Subminimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Amoxicillin againstActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Tanigawa M. , Sawada T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe bactericidal effects of amoxicillin at below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) againstActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeNB001 were studiedin vitroandin vivo.In vivo, the efficacy of amoxicillin on experimentally inducedA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection in disease‐free pigs was evaluated. Nine pigs were divided into three groups and all three groups were housed in the same room. Group I pigs were given long‐acting amoxicillin injection 22 h prior toA. pleuropneumoniaechallenge. Group II pigs were alsoA. pleuropneumoniaechallenged but not given long‐acting amoxicillin. Group III pigs were not treated.In vitro, A. pleuropneumoniaegrowth was suppressed in porcine blood with amoxicillin at below MIC.In vivo, clinical signs of disease were absent or mild in group I during 50 h post‐challenge, and serum amoxicillin concentration was already less than MIC from 15 h post‐challenge. Infected group II controls were severely affected by the infection, and mortality reached 100% within 50 h post‐challenge. All non‐treated pigs in group III became infected with NB001 from infected control pigs, and they displayed severe clinical signs of disease within 24 h post‐challenge of groups I and II, and died within 50 h post‐challenge of groups I and II.
Incidence of Salmonellae in Captive and Wild Free‐Living Raptorial Birds in Central Spain
Authors: Reche M. P. , Jiménez P. A. , Alvarez F. , García de los Ríos J. E. , Rojas A. M. , De Pedro P. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA total of 595 faecal samples from raptorial birds, either captive or free‐living, residing in GREFA Wildlife Hospital were bacteriologically examined using various selective media and an Automated Diagnostic Assay System for Salmonella detection. Serotype and phage type of the strains identified as Salmonella was determined. In the captive group, of the 285 samples examined, 21 (7.36%) were positive for Salmonella. Serotyping revealed that most of the individuals were infected by Salmonella serotype Havana. This result suggested that there could be a source of contamination in the Hospital although it could not be established. In the wild free‐living group, over 310 samples examined (4.19%) were positive for Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates showed a major variety of serotypes: Enteritidis, Adelaide, Brandenburg, Newport, Typhimurium, Hadar, Saintpaul and Virchow. Most of them are similar to those commonly described in isolates from human and domestic animals. These results indicate that wild birds could be involved in the dissemination of Salmonella in humans or domestic animals or vice versa.
The Role of Stem Cell Strategies in Coping with Environmental Stress and Choosing Between Alternative Reproductive Modes: Turbellaria Rely on a Single Cell Type to Maintain ­Individual Life and Propagate Species
Authors: Peter Roland , Ladurner Peter , Rieger Reinhard M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. To contribute to a better understanding of the interrelationships of different forms of asexual and sexual reproduction in the Turbellaria, three selected species were studied with respect to the cellular correlates underlying the diverse reproductive strategies. The exclusively asexual freshwater triclad Dugesia tahitiensis holds the top position in regenerative and fissioning capacities within the Tricladida and, in addition, has the most neoblasts (stem or regenerative cells) known within this taxon. A reproductive rate of roughly one new specimen originating from a parent animal every third day at optimal experimental conditions correlated well with the speed of head regeneration ranging from 43 to 59 h at 23 °C. The process of fission (architomy) was observed and its dependence on population density and melatonin content was studied. In two new marine representatives of the Macrostomorpha from the Adriatic Sea, the distribution of neoblasts in the body and their fate during regeneration were traced by a recently developed labelling method with 5‐bromo‐2’‐deoxyuridine. In Macrostomum, a sexual species with poor regenerative potential, the proliferating cells were localized predominantly along the nerve cords and migrated to their final location after mitosis. Microstomum n. sp., with asexual reproduction, showed a less concentrated pattern of proliferating stem cells, being localized in the future areas of organ primordia forming before fission in the process of paratomy. The findings are discussed with respect to cell biological, ecological and evolutionary implications.
Host status and reaction of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes to infection by the northern root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla)
Authors: Boiteux L. S. , Fonseca M. E. N. , Simon P. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA phenotypically and geographically diverse collection of 45 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes was evaluated for its reaction to the northern root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) under greenhouse conditions. A significant ecotype effect was observed for both criteria used for host reaction assessment: namely, root‐gall rating (RGR) and nematode reproductive index (RI). A non‐host (non‐galling) response was not detected in this germplasm collection. The majority of the ecotypes showed high degrees of RGR and RI. However, some medium‐late maturing ecotypes such as ‘CS‐1540’ and ‘CS‐6028’(both collected in the UK) displayed high RGR but in association with very reduced RI. The confirmation of A. thaliana as an experimental host of M. hapla and the identification of differential levels of response to infection by this endoparasitic nematode provides the opportunity for genetic and molecular characterization of a new set of plant genes expressed during plant‐nematode interaction. A. thaliana is the smallest and the best characterized genome among plant species, which may facilitate gene isolation and cloning. This may hasten transgenic transfer to economically important host plants of the genetic factors controlling low RI levels identified in some A. thaliana ecotypes.
Stress tolerance in hexaploid spring triticale under Mediterranean environment
Authors: Ö Zkan H. , Genc I. , Yagbasanlar T. , Toklu F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe development of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars which are tolerant to drought and heat stress is an objective in many breeding programmes, but so far success has been limited. This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility index (S) of triticale under stress conditions. Twenty genotypes were grown in replicated trials and evaluated for heat and drought tolerance under natural conditions at Adana, Turkey, from 1992 to 1996. Among the advanced lines of triticale, genetic variation for adaptation to heat and drought conditions—typical features of the Mediterranean environment—was determined. The best yielding lines under stress, hence having a low susceptibility index, were Lynx/Yogui and Zebra 31. The implications of these findings for triticale breeding in stress environments are discussed.
Resistance in the leaf and stem of sunflower after infection with two isolates of Phomopsis
Authors: Degener J. , Melchinger A. E. , Hahn V. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Phomopsis helianthi (sexual stage Diaporthe helianthi) is a major disease in most sunflower growing countries. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate whether resistance to Phomopsis differs between the leaf and stem tissue and (2) to examine the genetic variation for resistance to Phomopsis in sunflower inbreds. A set of 16 inbred lines was tested using artificial leaf infection with mycelial explants. The lines were screened for their reaction on leaf and stem in four environments to a French Phomopsis isolate and in two environments to a Yugoslavian isolate. Significant genetic variance and mostly high genetic ratios (analogous to heritability) were found for all resistance traits. While fungal growth reflected resistance to Phomopsis in the leaf, petiole score was associated with leaf length. Stem lesion proved to be the most suitable trait for evaluating resistance in the petiole‐stem passage. No correlation existed between resistance in the leaf and stem, suggesting that both resistance factors are inherited independently. Both isolates resulted in similar resistance rankings of the inbreds and no difference in their aggressiveness was detected with regard to leaf resistance. Screening for Phomopsis consisting of several steps is recommended, beginning with petiole score or fungal growth to select the most susceptible plants in the early testing, and measuring stem lesion in further generations of breeding.
Response of different genotypes of Brassica carinata to microspore culture
Authors: Barro F. , Martín A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSixteen lines of Brassica carinata were evaluated for microspore culture and plant regeneration. The highest values of cell division and embryo yield resulted from buds between 2.5 and 3.5 mm long with 3 days of pretreatment at 32°C and plating densities of 100 000‐150 000 microspores/ml. Ten out of 16 lines tested (63%) responded positively to microspore culture. In all breeding and F1 lines, both cell division and embryo yield varied over a wide range, but embryogenic response was higher in F1 lines than in the breeding lines.
Nature of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and the role of deoxynivalenol for breeding
Authors: Mesterházy Á. , Bartók T. , Mirocha C. G. , Komoróczy R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty (1990‐93) and 25 (1994‐96) wheat genotypes with different degrees of resistance and origins were tested with seven and eight isolates, respectively, of Fusarium graminearum and four Fusarium culmorum isolates of diverse origin in Europe. Infection severity depended largely on the genotypes and the isolates used. Head blight values, yield response and kernel infection values revealed close but varying relationships with deoxynivalenol (DON) content. This variability is explained by the presence of tolerance mechanisms which affect the relationship between Fusarium head blight severity and yield response. Kernel infection resistance accounted for decreasing Fusarium head blight values. Genotypes were found with lower infection severity and higher DON contamination and vice versa. Evidently, the cultivar has a significant influence on DON production in the infected tissue, i.e. highly susceptible genotypes may have moderate or low accumulation of DON. However, in the most resistant genotypes showing no infection to any of the isolates or only sporadic symptom development, no or very low accumulation of DON was detected. Resistant genotypes gave a stable reaction with b‐values close to zero for all traits tested. Susceptible genotypes were unstable under different epidemic conditions and their stability was different for the traits investigated. Therefore, the mean of b‐values is suggested to better describe the stability of the wheat genotypes.Significant positive relationships were found between aggressiveness of the isolates and their production of DON in the infected grain. The correlation improved significantly for the nivalenol‐producing isolate (F89.4 from France) when the sum of DON and nivalenol contents were considered. This indicates that the total trichothecene toxin‐producing capacity of the isolates may be a decisive component of pathogenicity.Since the tests included isolates from different European countries the results provide further proof that no host specificity exists within these pathogens in Europe. This was also valid for kernel infection, yield response and DON accumulation. Therefore, the nature of resistance is horizontal. The results also support the view that there is no difference between the resistance of the host plant to F. graminearum and to F. culmorum.
Sports and seedlings of rose varieties analysed with molecular markers
Authors: Debener T. , Janakiram T. , Mattiesch L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSports from two cut rose varieties, as well as a garden rose variety, were analysed with molecular markers. Between 695 and 752 random amplified polymorphic DNA and AFLP fragments were used to infer genetic differences between the sports, the original variety and seedlings of these varieties. Whereas no polymorphisms between the sports of the cut rose varieties and the original variety were observed, five polymorphisms could be detected between the garden rose variety and its sports. In contrast, a large number of polymorphisms occurred between all varieties and their seedlings. Therefore molecular markers can be used to verify the origin of vegetatively propagated rose plants of doubtful origin, thus enabling breeders in the future to claim plant breeders rights on sports of varieties already registered.