bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specializing Carbon Nanozyme Active Sites for Sensitive Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Metal‐Free Detection
Authors: Hsieh Ping‐Hsuan , Yeh Cheng‐Yan , Wang Chang‐Ming , Liao Wei‐Ssu , Chen Chong‐You 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs biological enzymes regulate metabolic processes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a critical diagnostic indicator associated with many diseases. To accurately measure the enzyme activity, nanozymactic materials can offer sensitive strategies for ALP detection. However, nanozymes often lack specific target binding sites, and the presence of common co‐components, e. g., metal ions, may cause false‐positive or false‐negative results in enzyme activity determination. Herein, we developed a colorimetric assay for ALP detection using metal‐free nanozymatic carbon dots (CDs). The ALP hydrolysis of pyrophosphate ions (PPi) to phosphate ions (Pi) induces a “turn‐on” response based on the nanozyme activity. This PPi‐induced inhibition mechanism is extensively studied via the Michaelis‐Menten model, revealing that PPi acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor for CDs at a binding site distinct from the common nanozyme active site. With superior responses to ALP substrates, a highly sensitive and selective method is established for sensing ALP activity with a linear range of 0.010–0.200 U/L and a detection limit of 0.009 U/L. This finding explores the recognition and binding behavior of nanozymes, allowing for precise and reliable measurements even in complex samples, and represents a significant breakthrough for nanozyme‐based assays in biological analysis.
Validation of ICD‐9‐CM codes for major genitourinary birth defects in Military Health System administrative data, 2006–2014
Authors: Romano Celeste J. , Magallon Sandra M. , Hall Clinton , Bukowinski Anna T. , Gumbs Gia R. , Conlin Ava Marie S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research program is dedicated to birth defects research and surveillance among military families. Here, we assess and refine the validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes for selected genitourinary birth defects in the Military Health System (MHS). We additionally outline methods for the calculation of positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity using a stratified sampling design.MethodsAmong military infants born from 2006 through 2014, a random sample of ICD‐9‐CM screen‐positive cases (for six genitourinary birth defects) and screen‐negative cases were selected for chart review. PPV, NPV, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for individual defects and any included defect (i.e., overall); measures were weighted by the inverse probability of being sampled.ResultsOf 461,557 infants, 686 were sampled for chart review. Bladder exstrophy was accurately reported (PPV: >90%), while the accuracy of renal dysplasia, renal agenesis/hypoplasia, and hypospadias was moderate (PPVs: 66%–68%) and congenital hydronephrosis was low (PPV: 20%). Specificity and NPVs always exceeded 98%. The overall PPV was 50%; however, excluding congenital hydronephrosis screen‐positive cases and requiring at least two inpatient or outpatient diagnostic codes resulted in a PPV of 85%.ConclusionsThe validity of major genitourinary birth defect codes varied in MHS administrative data. The accuracy of an overall defect measure improved by omitting congenital hydronephrosis and requiring at least two diagnostic codes. Although PPV is generally useful for research, additional calculation of NPV, sensitivity, and specificity better informs the identification of appropriate selection criteria across surveillance and research settings.
Ischemic stroke prediction using machine learning in elderly Chinese population: The Rugao Longitudinal Ageing Study
Authors: Chang Huai‐Wen , Zhang Hui , Shi Guo‐Ping , Guo Jiang‐Hong , Chu Xue‐Feng , Wang Zheng‐Dong , Yao Yin , Wang Xiao‐Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveCompared logistic regression (LR) with machine learning (ML) models, to predict the risk of ischemic stroke in an elderly population in China.MethodsWe applied 2208 records from the Rugao Longitudinal Ageing Study (RLAS) for ischemic stroke risk prediction assessment. Input variables included 103 phenotypes. For 3‐year ischemic stroke risk prediction, we compared the discrimination and calibration of LR model and ML methods, where ML methods include Random Forest (RF), Gaussian kernel Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multilayer perceptron (MLP), K‐Nearest Neighbors Algorithm (KNN), and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) to develop an ischemic stroke risk prediction model.ResultsAge, pulse, waist circumference, education level, β2‐microglobulin, homocysteine, cystatin C, folate, free triiodothyronine, platelet distribution width, QT interval, and QTc interval were significant induced predictors of ischemic stroke. For ischemic stroke prediction, the ML approach was able to tap more biochemical and ECG‐related multidimensional phenotypic indicators compared to the LR model, which placed more importance on general demographic indicators. Compared to the LR model, SVM provided the best discrimination and calibration (C‐index: 0.79 vs. 0.71, 11.27% improvement in model utility), with the best performance in both validation and test data.ConclusionIn a comparison of LR with five ML models, the accuracy of ischemic stroke prediction was higher by combining ML with multiple phenotypes. Combined with other studies based on elderly populations in China, ML techniques, especially SVM, have shown good long‐term predictive performance, inspiring the potential value of ML use in clinical practice.
Feasibility of applying a noninvasive method for sleep monitoring based on mouse behaviors
Authors: Wang Ya‐Tao , Zhang Yue‐Ming , Wu Xu , Ren Chong‐Yang , Zhang Zhe‐Zhe , Yang Qi‐Gang , Li Xue‐Yan , Chen Gui‐Hai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyogram (EMG) system is widely regarded as the “golden standard” for sleep monitoring. Imperfectly, its invasive monitoring may somehow interfere with the natural state of sleep. Up to now, noninvasive methods for sleep monitoring have developed, which could preserve the undisturbed and naïve sleep state of mice to the greatest extent, but the feasibility of their application under different conditions should be extensive validated.MethodsBased on existing research, we verified the feasibility of a sleep monitoring system based on mouse behaviors under different conditions. The experimental mice were exposed to various stresses and placed into a combined device comprising noninvasive sleep monitoring equipment and an EEG/EMG system, and the sleep status was recorded under different physiological, pharmacological, and pathophysiological conditions. The consistency of the parameters obtained from the different systems was calculated using the Bland–Altman statistical method.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the physiological sleep times determined by noninvasive sleep monitoring system were highly consistent with those obtained from the EEG/EMG system, and the coefficients were 94.4% and 95.1% in C57BL/6J and CD‐1 mice, respectively. The noninvasive sleep monitoring system exhibited high sensitivity under the sleep‐promoting effect of diazepam and caffeine‐induced wakefulness, which was indicated by its ability to detect the effect of dosage on sleep times, and accurate determination of the sleep/wakeful status of mice under different pathophysiological conditions. After combining the data obtained from all the mice, the coefficient between the sleep times detected by behavior‐based sleep monitoring system and those obtained from the EEG/EMG equipment was determined to .94.ConclusionThe results suggested that behavior‐based sleep monitoring system could accurately evaluate the sleep/wakeful states of mice under different conditions.
Narratives of personal and professional experiences of psychotherapists working with cases of child and adolescent sexual abuse: A qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: Azócar Estrella , Gómez Camila , Capella Claudia , Águila Daniela , Espeleta Macarena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies delving into the personal and professional experiences of psychotherapists working with children and adolescents who have been sexually abused are scarce and mostly cross‐sectional.AimThe present qualitative longitudinal study aimed to describe the narratives that therapists construct about their personal and professional experiences of working with children and/or adolescents who have been victims of sexual aggression during different moments of the psychotherapeutic process.MethodEight psychologists were interviewed and asked about the psychotherapy of 12 cases they were developing. These cases were of children and adolescents who had been sexually abused. Each participant was interviewed at different moments of the cases' psychotherapy (6 months into the process, 12 months into the process and once more at the end of therapy for those who received therapy for longer than 12 months). A total of 34 interviews were conducted and studied through narrative analysis.ResultsThree major themes involving the personal and professional experiences of psychotherapists emerged: regarding the patient and their family; regarding the institutional context; and regarding the personal/professional experience. Also, identified and analysed convergences and divergences that appear within these themes at different points in the participants' interviews are highlighted.DiscussionThe findings suggest that therapists manage to navigate the most complex and distressing aspects of each intervention case in the earlier moments of the psychotherapeutic process and later are likely to have an emotional connection with pleasant or satisfactory elements in their work and are likely to end treatment with an appreciation for the learning experiences they have had working with challenging cases and a sense of amazement at the resources and resilience of the children and adolescents they work with.
The role of religiosity on seeking help
Authors: Liu Xuefeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrevious research shows that religiosity increases prosocial tendencies such as donating and volunteering. Less is known on whether and how religiosity influences individuals' decision to seek help when needed. The current research tackles this question and shows that religiosity, whether manipulated (Study 2) and measured (Study 1 and Study 3), decreases individuals' tendency to seek help from other people or entities. We further propose that religiosity enhances individuals' sense of control, which makes them rely more on themselves and less likely to seek help when encountering difficulties. Three studies across different contexts (i.e., applying government aid, asking for help from other people, and requesting donations from a crowdfunding platform) support our thesis. Utilizing data from the General Social Survey (Study 1), we first demonstrate that individual‐level religiosity is negatively correlated with the behavior of getting help (i.e., receiving government aid such as welfare and unemployment insurance). Next, we prime religion (vs. control) in Study 2 and show that religious prime decreases people's willingness to seek help. Finally, Study 3 shows that chronic religiosity discourages people from seeking financial assistance on crowdfunding platforms such as Indiegogo. Furthermore, this negative effect is mediated by sense of control. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical contributions of this research as well as its limitations and future research directions.
Cytotoxic, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties of polyphenol‐enriched extracts from pecan nutshells in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Ribas Lucas E. , Gasser Fátima B. , Baravalle María E. , Renna Maria S. , Perello Adriana , Savino Graciela H. , Ortega Hugo H. , Van de Velde Franco , Hein Gustavo J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhenolic compounds present in plants have demonstrated several biological properties such as antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, and antiproliferative. On the other hand, doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic widely used to treat breast cancer, usually exhibits chronic cardiotoxicity associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of phenolic compound‐enriched extract (PCEE) with doxorubicin in breast cancer. To achieve this, after an SPE‐C18‐column purification process of crude extracts obtained from pecan nutshells (Carya illinoinensis), the resulting PCEE was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties against the human breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 and the normal‐hamster ovary cell line CHO‐K1. PCEE was selectively cytotoxic against both cell lines, with an IC50 value (≈26.34 mg/L) for MDA‐MB‐231 lower than that obtained for CHO‐K1 (≈55.63 mg/L). As a cytotoxic mechanism, PCEE inhibited cell growth by G2/M cell cycle arrest in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Simultaneously, the study of the antioxidant activity showed that PCEE had a cytoprotective effect, evidenced by reduced ROS production in cells with oxidative stress caused by doxorubicin. The results highlight PCEE as a potential antitumor agent, thus revaluing it as an agro‐industrial residue.
Nutritional and physical properties of cookies enriched with whole wheat flour of ancient wheats
Authors: Arslan Unal Nurel , Ozkaya Berrin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine the increase in the nutrient and bioactive compounds of cookies obtained by using seven different ancient whole wheat flours (einkorn, emmer, spelt, old, and landrace) at the ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Although ancient grains are notorious for their poor technological properties, improvements in rheological performance using refined flour might contribute to the production of new functional foods.FindingsCookies evaluated physical, functional, and nutritional properties were dramatically improved by increasing the whole wheat flour ratio. The cookies with %100 Köse (old wheat) had a higher breaking strength while those from %100 Kavlıca (Emmer Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) had the lowest one. The cookies with %100 Kavlıca had the highest insoluble and total dietary fiber, total phenolics, antioxidant activities, Ca, K, and Zn, while the phytic acid content was the lowest among all genotypes.ConclusionsLandrace and old cultivars are valuable raw materials that are gaining popularity due to their distinctive qualities and products.Significance and NoveltyThe use of ancient whole wheat flour‐enriched cookies may present a novel cereal‐based product with health benefits, in addition to being fit for production of foods made from whole grains.
Transformation of pancreatic nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor into metastatic insulinoma: A rare case report
Authors: Buddhavarapu Venkata S. , Dhillon Gagandeep , Grewal Harpreet Singh , Soles Brian , Halbur Luke , Surani Salim , Kashyap Rahul 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessagePancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can be classified as functional or nonfunctional based on hormone secretion. Management of each entity is different, with nonfunctional tumors being treated with traditional chemotherapy while functional tumors respond well to antihormonal therapy and immunologic agents. The conversion of one nonfunctional tumor into a functional tumor is an exceedingly rare event that complicates the overall management of these patients. In this report, we present the case of a 73‐year‐old woman who developed the conversion from a nonfunctional into a functional tumor and discuss the management options considered.
Spermatogenesis recovery treatment in less than four months from zero to almost 16 million sperms per milliliter after several cycles of steroids in 44‐year‐old healthy man
Authors: Injac Rade 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageThe most common external factors that men can have influence on, and improve its own spermatogenesis, are related to lifestyle, habits, stress level, sport activities, nutrition quality, and medications. Steroids became one of the key issues in young men during reproductive stage of life. More and more teenagers who are not even developed yet naturally start using supplements very early to build up body and strengths of muscles in the shortest possible time. In this report is presented the case of 44‐year‐old (November 2022), healthy, and sporty man, who is 1–2 times per year on steroid cycles since he turned 40th. He had intention to become a father; however after 6 months of the last steroid cycle, sperm count was zero. This case will show what was needed and successfully done within less than 4 months after last steroids administration and the moment when sperm count reached almost 16 million sperms per milliliter. However, it has to be clear that this is unique case and additional tests would be needed on bigger population to confirm fast post steroid sperm count recovery in healthy subjects, using approach from this manuscript.
Massive cardiac vegetation and cardiomyopathy in a 23‐year‐old rancher with brucellosis
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyed Mohsen , Bagheri Abdolhamid , Lak Mehran , Aval Zahra Ansari , Rezaei Mahdi 
Published: November 2023

Key clinical massageA 23‐year‐old rancher was admitted with the diagnosis of brucellosis. In evaluations, a massive vegetation in the aortic valve was seen. A combination of antibiotic therapy and cardiac surgery were performed, it seems this approach reduces mortality and complications.AbstractBrucellosis (also known as “undulant fever,” “Mediterranean fever,” or “Malta fever”) is a zoonotic infection transmitted to humans from infected animals (cattle, sheep, goats, camels, pigs, or other animals) by ingestion of food products (such as unpasteurized dairy products) or by contact with tissue or fluids. It is the most frequent zoonosis globally and a major public health issue in many resource‐poor nations. Endocarditis is one of the rarest and most dangerous consequences of brucellosis. Additionally, the combination of endocarditis with cardiomyopathy increases its rarity. This condition is usually treated with a high level of suspicion Serological, clinical, and epidemiological data can all be used to make a diagnosis. The use of echocardiography aids in the early diagnosis. Due to the high risk of recurrence and the extent of tissue destruction brought on by Brucella, the majority of experts advise an early surgical intervention; nevertheless, other writers assert that low‐risk patients also require cautious therapy. In this article, we discuss the situation of a patient who underwent surgery and had Brucella endocarditis and heart failure. In conclusion, a combination of antibiotic therapy and cardiac surgery, reduces mortality and complications associated with Brucella endocarditis and improves patient quality of life.
Numerical Simulation Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Particle‐Loaded Flow in Microchannels
Authors: Song Kaixin , Guo Yifeng , Wang Zhibin , Jia A. P. Lisi , Chen Gang , Mo Songping , Chen Ying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractParticle suspension is considered powerful and perspective in enhancing heat transfer, but the unclear nature of particle‐loaded flow limits further understanding of particle suspension. Therefore, in this paper, orthogonal experiments and the arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian method were used to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of particle‐loaded flow. Results indicate that when the particle is at the inlet of the microchannel, the factors arranged in important order are the Reynolds number, blockage ratio, particle initial position, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity. When the particle is far from the microchannel inlet, the factors arranged in important order are the Reynolds number, blockage ratio, particle initial position, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity.
Optimization Design and Evaluation of the Industrial Distillation‐Membrane Separation Process
Authors: Zhao Jia , Wang Xiaohong , Tian Zenghu , Deng Hao , Jiang Zenglin , Li Yugang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA comprehensive solution strategy based on genetic programming (GP) was introduced into an industrial methyl methacrylate refining plant, and the downstream separation process of acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation in the “twin tower + horizontal bottle” cycle was optimized. The effects of different membranes and operating temperatures on the process were studied. The mixed‐membrane and modified‐membrane process parameters were shown to improve the economy and environmental protection. The total annual cost was reduced by 9 % and 22.5 %, and CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions by 37.7 % and 78.7 %, respectively. The energy‐saving distillation‐membrane separation process has significant benefits in industrial production.
HER2‐low heterogeneity between primary and paired recurrent/metastatic breast cancer: Implications in treatment and prognosis
Authors: Lin Mingxi , Luo Ting , Jin Yizi , Zhong Xiaorong , Zheng Dan , Zeng Cheng , Guo Qing , Wu Jiong , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Hu Xichun , Yang Wentao , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the largest sample size to date, the authors’ objective was to investigate the incidence of primary‐to‐metastatic human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) conversion and the predictors for such conversion. Moreover, no previous studies have evaluated the prognosis of patients who have negative HER2 expression (HER2‐0) versus low HER2 expression (HER2‐low) when HER2 status was assessed based on all recurrent/metastatic lesions.MethodsThe authors included 1299 patients who had available HER2 status of primary breast tumors and paired recurrent/metastatic lesions at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and West China Hospital.ResultsIn total, 370 patients (28.5%) experienced primary‐to‐metastatic HER2 conversion. Intrapatient intermetastasis spatial heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity of HER2 were detected. When assessing HER2 based on recurrent/metastatic tumors, patients who had HER2‐0 tumors had significantly shorter overall survival than those who had HER2‐low tumors in the overall population and in the estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative subgroup. However, when assessing HER2 based on primary tumors, there was no difference in overall survival between patients who had HER2‐0 versus HER2‐low tumors. Moreover, patients who had tumors that converted from HER2‐0 to HER2‐low had longer overall survival than those who had consistent HER2‐0 status in the ER‐negative subgroup. By combining four predictors (ER status, Ki67 index, biopsy site, and disease‐free interval), the authors established the first prediction tool to estimate the probability of HER2‐0 tumors converting to HER2‐low/positive tumors.ConclusionsIntrapatient primary‐to‐metastatic and intermetastatic HER2 heterogeneity were observed in this large‐scale cohort study. When evaluating HER2 based on recurrent/metastatic tumors, an overall survival difference was observed between patients who had HER2‐0 versus HER2‐low, recurrent/metastatic breast tumors. The developed prediction tool might help clinicians screen out patients with primary HER2‐0 tumors that have a high probability of HER2 status conversion and recommend them for re‐biopsy, thus helping to screen out candidate patients for trastuzumab deruxtecan treatment.