bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato virus X: a model system for virus replication, movement and gene expression
Authors: Batten Jeffrey S. , Yoshinari Shigeo , Hemenway Cynthia 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYConsiderable research has focused on the cis‐ and trans‐acting components required for various aspects of the potato virus X (PVX) infection process. In addition, the development of PVX‐based vectors has facilitated analyses of the PVX infection process and provided diverse technological applications. As a result, the PVX system will continue to serve as a model for analyses of processes such as virus movement, RNA replication, and gene silencing, and as a tool for protein expression.
Meeting the information needs of clinicians for the practice of evidence‐based healthcare
Authors: Pyne Tanya , Newman Karin , Leigh Susie , Cowling AlaN. , Rounce Katherine 
Published: March 2003

This article reports on clinicians’ use of library resources and the competencies they require to access information necessary for the practice of evidence‐based healthcare. It is based on the results of a study commissioned by North Thames Region to identify the training needs of clinicians for the adoption and practice of evidence‐based healthcare. Participants in this qualitative research study included librarians, clinicians (doctors, nurses and PAMs) and managers from four Acute and Community Trusts in and around London.The research indicates that the majority of clinicians recognize the need to keep up‐to‐date with changes in their specialty and many visit their libraries on a frequent basis, however, few appear to be searching for information with which to inform their immediate clinical decisions. Our sample acknowledged their low usage of journals such as Bandolier, the Health Effectiveness Bulletin and Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine. Similarly, low use of electronic databases, such as Cochrane and Cinahl, were reported. Examination of skill and self‐efficacy levels in accessing and using information databases revealed wide variations across professions, specialities and Trusts. Qualitative research methods were employed to elicit the key competencies required to access clinically relevant research evidence, and a framework for integrating these competencies is presented.
Information needs analysis to inform the development of a library and information service at the Marie Curie Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
Authors: Bailey Pam , Banwell Linda , Kinghorn Shaun , McFarlane Helen , Walton Graham 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the summer of 1997 the Marie Curie Centre, Newcastle approached the libraries of the Universities of Newcastle and Northumbria at Newcastle to assist in developing a library and information service (LIS) strategy. It was acknowledged that before the LIS strategy could be established preparatory investigation was needed to ensure the effective and efficient allocation of resources. A user needs analysis was conducted over a 3‐month period, including a literature search, questionnaire and interviews. The findings, which indicated that the appointment of a professional librarian was crucial, have ensured that the LIS being developed is underpinned by a strong evidence base.
No evidence for c‐erbB‐2 overexpression in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Blok  , Craanen  , Dekker  , Offerhaus  , Tytgat  
Published: March 2003

Aims:Conflicting data on c‐erbB‐2 overexpression in gastric carcinomas can be found in the literature with regard to overall prevalence, prognostic significance and the histological type according to Lauren. The majority of these studies have focused on advanced gastric carcinomas whereas data on c‐erbB‐2 overexpression in early gastric carcinomas, especially of Caucasian origin, are relatively sparse. We therefore examined a series of Caucasian early gastric carcinomas to assess overall c‐erbB‐2 overexpression and to correlate c‐erbB‐2 overexpression, if any, with the type of growth pattern and the Lauren type.Methods and results:Forty‐five paraffin‐embedded gastrectomy specimens from early carcinomas were examined for the presence of chronic active gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, subtypes of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. The Lauren type and the type of growth pattern were reassessed for all early carcinomas. c‐erbB‐2 overexpression was assessed with monoclonal antibody 3B5 and polyclonal antibody A485. Complete absence of c‐erbB‐2 overexpression was observed in chronic active gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, subtypes of intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Moreover, c‐erbB‐2 overexpression was found absent in both intestinal‐type (n = 20) and diffuse‐type early gastric carcinomas (n = 25), irrespective of growth type.Conclusions:c‐erbB‐2 overexpression does not play a role in the progression from normal to neoplastic gastric mucosa and should be considered as a late event in gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, c‐erbB‐2 overexpression does not discriminate between intestinal and diffuse type early gastric carcinomas of Caucasian origin. Finally, it appears that mechanisms other than c‐erbB‐2 overexpression underlie the reported differences in biological behaviour of early gastric carcinomas with different types of growth pattern.
Translocation 2;11 in a fibroma of tendon sheath
Authors: Dal Cin  , Sciot  , De Smet  , Van Den Berghe  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo determine whether fibromas of tendon sheath represent a reactive fibrosing process or whether they are neoplastic, we investigated the chromosomes of the proliferating cells. A clonally occurring karyotypic abnormality would be an argument in favour of these fibromas being neoplastic.Methods and resultsA biopsy specimen of a fibroma of tendon sheath was cultured after collagenase exposure leading to dissociation of the tissue. The cultured cells were harvested after 4 days and chromosome analysis done according to standard procedures. Ten out of 20 karyotyped cells showed an identical chromosome abnormality characterized by a t(2;11)(q31–32;q12). The other 10 cells showed a normal 46,XX karyotype.ConclusionThe clonally occurring chromosome abnormality found in this fibroma of tendon sheath suggests that this proliferation is neoplastic and not a reactive fibrosing process.
Appendiceal inflammation in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Scott I S , Sheaff M , Coumbe A , Feakins R M , Rampton D S 
Published: March 2003

AimsPrevious uncontrolled reports have suggested that appendiceal inflammation may occur as a discontinuous lesion in ulcerative colitis. This study aims semiquantitatively to compare the prevalence and histological features of appendiceal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, using colonic carcinoma and acute appendicitis specimens as controls.Methods and resultsSurgical pathology records and original histological slides for the period 1980–1994 were examined. The prevalence of appendiceal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (24/50, 48%), was higher than in colonic carcinoma (5/65, 8%, P < 0.001), but was similar to that in Crohn's disease (14/27, 52%). Appendiceal inflammation with caecal sparing was seen in nine out of 24 specimens with ulcerative colitis (37%), two out of nine (22%) with Crohn's disease and five out of 65 (8%) with colonic carcinoma. Inflamed appendixes from patients with inflammatory bowel disease showed histological features typical of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease rather than acute appendicitis and were significantly less likely to have transmural inflammation. There had been a previous appendicectomy in 3% of ulcerative colitis patients compared with 8% of colonic carcinoma specimens and 21% (P < 0.01) Crohn's disease controls.ConclusionIn ulcerative colitis, as in Crohn's disease, appendiceal inflammation commonly occurs as a skip lesion and histologically resembles the colonic disease rather than acute appendicitis. The low prevalence of appendicectomy supports the hypothesis that the appendix itself may have a central role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
Immunophenotypic and prognostic analysis of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression during breast carcinogenesis and tumour progression: a comparative study with CD44
Authors: Bànkfalvi  , Terpe  , Breukelmann  , Bier  , Rempe  , Pschadka  , Krech  , Lellè  , Boecker  
Published: March 2003

AimsThis study was performed to investigate whether immunohistochemical expression of E‐cadherin (E‐cad) and β‐catenin (β‐cat) in conjunction with CD44 may correlate with the clinical evolution and prognosis of breast cancer.Methods and resultsOne‐hundred and forty‐two routinely processed breast tissue samples including normal breast, benign lesions, in situ and invasive carcinomas were investigated. E‐cad and β‐cat were strongly expressed by luminal and basal cells in normal glands, benign proliferative and early neoplastic intraductal lesions. Contrarily, CD44 was expressed exclusively by myoepithelial cells in normal breast, whereas different isoform expression patterns were observed in premalignant and malignant lesions. Simultaneous lack of E‐cad/β‐cat expression was detected in in situ and invasive lobular carcinomas in contrast to ductal lesions, in which the differential loss of the molecules was associated with poorer differentiation, irrespective of CD44 immunophenotype. Reduced E‐cad (P = 0.003), β‐cat (P = 0.03) and increased CD44v4 (P = 0.05) and v7 (P = 0.007) expression were significantly associated with positive lymph node status. Decreased E‐cad and lack of CD44v6 expression correlated with poor survival. There was no difference between the expression of either molecule in in situ and invasive components within the same tumour.ConclusionsOur results indicate that changes in E‐cad, β‐cat and CD44 expression occur early in breast carcinogenesis; they are involved in tumour differentiation, but events additional to their deranged expression are needed to acquire an invasive phenotype.
Cathepsin D in host stromal cells is associated with more highly vascular and aggressive invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: González‐Vela  , Garijo  , Fernández  , Buelta  , Val‐Bernal  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo determinate the relationship between tumoral angiogenesis and cathepsin D (CD) expression in tumour and host stromal cells of invasive breast carcinoma, and to examine its association with classical prognostic factors such as lymph node status, histological grade, tumour size, mitotic rate, peritumoral lymphovascular invasion and oestrogen receptor (ER) status.Methods and resultsSections from 102 invasive breast carcinoma were cut from the archival formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks and stained using immunohistochemistry for the endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) and CD. Microvessel density was assessed by counting vessels in the three most vascular areas at × 400 field. The counts were expressed as the highest counts within any × 400 field. The evaluation of immunostaining for CD was performed separately in both the parenchymal and stromal cells. Microvessel density was correlated positively with histological grade and peritumoral lymphovascular invasion, and correlated inversely with ER status. Positive CD staining of tumour cells was more frequent in positive ER tumours and was not significantly associated with the other classical prognostic factors. However, moderate to strong staining of host cells was correlated with higher histological grade, higher mitotic index and lack of ER protein. There was a statistically significant association between CD expression of host stromal cells and higher vessel count.ConclusionsCD in host stromal cells is associated with more aggressive tumours and with a higher intratumoral microvessel density. Evaluation of CD in combination with angiogenic activity may be of some help in more accurately predicting the biological behaviour of breast carcinoma.
Clear cell change in colorectal adenomas: its incidence and histological characteristics
Authors: Domoto  , Terahata  , Senoh  , Sato  , Aida  , Tamai  
Published: March 2003

AimsThe aim of our investigation was to clarify the histological characteristics and biological significance of clear cell change in colorectal adenomas.Methods and resultsWe found three cases (0.086%) of tubular adenomas with clear cell change in a review of 3486 cases of colorectal adenoma. These three cases occurred in male patients and were located in the left‐sided colon. To investigate the nature and biological significance of the clear cells, we conducted histochemical staining (periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) with or without diastase digestion, alcian blue pH 2.5) and immunohistochemical staining (using antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha‐fetoprotein, p53 protein and Ki67 antigen) and also mitotic counts. Histologically, the changed area was characterized by pyknotic and randomly arranged nuclei with PAS‐negative clear and vacuolated cytoplasm. Immunoreactivity for CEA was diffuse and strong in the clear cells, but not in the tumour cells in the ordinary portion of the adenomas. The Ki67 labelling index and the mitotic activity were both higher in the clear cell portion than in the ordinary portion.ConclusionsThis is the first study to indicate the incidence of clear cell change among colorectal adenomas. It has confirmed high proliferative activity within the clear cell portion of colorectal adenomas.
Tenascin labelling in colorectal biopsies: a useful marker in the diagnosis of collagenous colitis
Authors: Anagnostopoulos  , Schuppan  , Riecken  , Gross  , Stein  
Published: March 2003

AimsThis study was undertaken to clarify whether immunohistological detection of tenascin (TN), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed during stromal remodelling, may allow a more precise diagnosis of collagenous colitis.Methods and resultsWe studied multiple colorectal biopsies specimens from 15 patients with clinically suspected collagenous colitis for TN expression by using a monoclonal antibody. Biopsies from further 15 patients without symptoms and signs of collagenous colitis served as controls. In seven of the 15 cases with clinically suspected collagenous colitis a prominent and selective subepithelial tenascin expression was identified. The TN expression pattern closely correlated with the conventional detection of a subepithelial collagen band diagnostic of collagenous colitis. The immunohistological labelling for TN allowed a quicker and more precise measurement of the thickness of the diagnostic collagen deposits than conventional staining. By this approach one further case could be reclassified as collagenous colitis.ConclusionsOur data show that immunohistological detection of TN allows a more correct and easy diagnosis of collagenous colitis.
Acidic fibroblast growth factor is progressively increased in the development of oesophageal glandular dysplasia and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Soslow R A , Nabeya Y , Ying L , Blundell M , Altorki N K 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo determine by immunohistochemistry and amplification of cDNA the relationship between fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression and progressive changes in Barrett's oesophagus associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA). The FGFs are potent mitogens that possess angiogenic properties and the capability to regulate growth and differentiation of various cell types. They have also been implicated in the development and progression of numerous solid tumours, including some carcinomas of the aerodigestive tract, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Material and resultsWe studied the expression of the two prototypic FGFs, acidic FGF (FGF‐1) and basic FGF (FGF‐2), in OA and OA precursor lesions, including intestinal metaplasia (IM), low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) and high‐grade dysplasia (HGD). Fresh tissue from 10 OAs and four associated HGDs was available for the determination of FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 mRNA expression accomplished by the PCR amplification of cDNA. Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of the FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 proteins in archival, paraffin‐embedded tissue that was available from 17 oesophageal resection specimens that included OAs and OA precursor lesions. As compared to gastric fundic mucosal controls, OAs and HGDs showed significantly enhanced expression of FGF‐1 mRNA and protein. IMs and LGDs showed significantly lesser degrees of FGF‐1 immunoreactivity that were not increased over controls. In contrast, both the overall percentage of FGF‐2‐reactive OAs and the overall FGF‐2 protein expression, assessed using an immunoreactivity score, are comparable to FGF‐2 expression in controls.ConclusionsIt appears that FGF‐2 is ubiquitously expressed in OA and in normal oesophageal and gastric mucosa while significant FGF‐1 expression is essentially restricted to HGD and OA. Our data also suggest that FGF‐1 is sequentially upregulated in the progression from metaplasia to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.
Successful application of indirect in‐situ polymerase chain reaction to tissues fixed in Bouin's solution
Authors: Li Vigni R , Bianchi U A , Carosi G , Lomini M , Falchetti M , Callea F , Pecorelli S 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo evaluate the value of polymerase chain reaction‐in situ hybridization (PCR‐ISH) for the detection of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in paraffin sections of cervical biopsies fixed either in 10% formalin or in Bouin's solution.Methods and resultsWe analysed 40 biopsies from Italian women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1). In‐situ hybridization techniques were performed with commercial biotinylated probes. The PCR‐ISH was carried out by the ‘hot start modification’. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was found in 23 of 40 patients (57.5%); eight cases showed condylomatous features. Human papillomavirus was detected in 42.5% by ISH and in 65% by PCR‐ISH. Sixty‐nine per cent of positive biopsies contained HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33. HPV 6 and 11 were found only in condylomata acuminata samples.ConclusionsThe results point to a high incidence of HPV infection as well as of CIN in HIV‐positive patients. Human papillomavirus type 16 appears to be most frequently associated with CIN. Polymerase chain reaction‐ISH is more sensitive than ISH in the detection and typing of HPV DNA both in clinical and in ‘latent’ infections. The two techniques yielded the same results with either formalin‐ or Bouin's‐fixed material.
Polyester fibre prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament implant rupture: necrosis of ingrown connective tissue
Authors: Keen C E , Amis A A 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo describe the histopathological and microanalytical features in seven cases of ruptured Apex® polyester (Terylene®) fibre anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis.Methods and resultsTransmitted and polarized light microscopy was performed in all cases; one case was investigated by immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, with backscatter and X‐ray detectors for elemental microanalysis. For comparison we also studied synovial biopsy material and unused polyester fibres. In the excised ligaments there was much ingrowth of fibrous tissue accompanying a florid giant cell reaction to the individual intact polyester fibres throughout the ligaments. Phagocytosis of particles of prosthesis‐derived material was demonstrated and a striking finding was of necrosis of the ingrown connective tissue in the central portions of the ligaments. Hyalinized areas and ‘neoligament growth’ were less striking. A consistent finding in the polyester fibres was of small particles containing antimony, used as a catalyst in the manufacturing process.ConclusionsThe pattern of reaction to the prosthetic material and the presence of necrosis differ from previous descriptions in animal and human explants of this and other prosthesis types. The mechanical effect of the necrosis is unlikely to be of significance with this ligament, which is load‐bearing ab initio.
Intraneural angiosarcoma and angiosarcoma arising in benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of four cases
Authors: Mentzel T , Katenkamp D 
Published: March 2003

AimsAngiosarcomatous differentiation represents the least common form of heterologous differentiation in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST), and is seen most frequently in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. More rarely, it has been reported in patients without stigmata of neurofibromatosis, or in benign nerve sheath tumours and peripheral nerves. This study was undertaken to confirm this rare association.Methods and resultsFour cases of angiosarcoma arising in a peripheral nerve, in a long‐standing schwannoma and in two MPNST are described. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections with the alkaline phosphatase–antialkaline phosphatase method. An intraneural high‐grade epithelioid angiosarcoma arose in the left posterior tibial nerve of a 78‐year‐old man, a well to moderately differentiated angiosarcoma was seen in an ancient schwannoma of the lateral neck in a 73‐year‐old women, and an angiosarcoma of varying grades of differentiation developed in a recurrent MPNST in the thigh of 38‐year‐old man. In addition a high‐grade MPNST in the axillary region of a 30‐year‐old man showed foci of heterologous high‐grade angiosarcomatous differentiation. The neural and endothelial lines of differentiation were confirmed in each case by positive immunohistochemical staining for neural and endothelial markers, respectively. In all cases tested, the neural differentiated cells stained immunohistochemically positive for antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor.ConclusionsThis study confirms the rare association of angiosarcoma arising in peripheral nerves, as well as in benign and maligant peripheral nerve sheath tumours.
Mucinous epithelial cysts of the spleen associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Du Plessis  , Louw  , B Wranz  
Published: March 2003

AimsWe report two rare cases of neoplastic pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with splenic mucinous epithelial cysts and review previously reported cases of splenic mucinous lesions in order to investigate the extent and implications of such an association.Methods and resultsThe majority of mucinous lesions of the spleen appear to be associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei. The clinicopathological profile of these cases conforms to that of neoplastic pseudomyxoma peritonei, showing a similar age of onset, outcome and histological features. Most of the cases were associated with a confirmed or suspected appendiceal primary. The immunophenotype (cytokeratin 7 negative; cytokeratin 20 and CEA positive) of the lesions of both our cases, including those in the ovary, was suggestive of a gastrointestinal origin.ConclusionsSplenomegaly due to cystic intrasplenic mucinous epithelial lesions may occasionally be the presenting feature of pseudomyxoma peritonei or herald tumour recurrence. Mucinous epithelial cysts of the spleen may also precede the development of pseudomyxoma peritonei. All cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei should be investigated for splenic involvement and, conversely, a primary mucinous neoplasm sought elsewhere in the abdomen in all cases of splenic mucinous cysts.