bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal-Wave Energy Fluxes on the New Jersey Shelf
Authors: Hallock Zachariah R. , Field Robert L. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Internal-wave energetics derived from moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations on the New Jersey shelf are described. Horizontal and vertical velocity components from three 40-day ADCP records acquired near the shelf edge south of the Hudson Canyon were bandpass filtered to isolate high-frequency internal waves. In this band (0.5–7.5 h−1) the vertical component of velocity is significant and is integrated to yield elevation anomaly. Using the ADCP data with buoyancy frequency profiles from nearby CTD station data, kinetic energy (KE), baroclinic potential energy (PE), and energy flux were calculated. Results show depth-averaged KE and PE are nearly equal and of order 10−3 J kg−1, and there are significant northwestward fluxes, generally parallel to the bathymetry gradient, during most of the record, with depth-integrated magnitudes sometimes exceeding 100 W m−1. Vertical energy fluxes are small relative to horizontal fluxes. Vertical profiles of time-averaged flux suggest a dominant first internal-wave mode. Depth-integrated, time-averaged fluxes range from 9 to 24 W m−1, with the highest values occurring 18 km southwest of the Hudson Canyon. Two-dimensional probability density functions are estimated for energy flux. Group velocity of a large-amplitude internal-wave packet is estimated at 0.36 m s−1.
On the Structure of Turbulence in the Bottom Boundary Layer of the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Smith W. A. M. Nimmo , Katz J. , Osborn T. R. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Six sets of particle image velocimetry (PIV) data from the bottom boundary layer of the coastal ocean are examined. The data represent periods when the mean currents are higher, of the same order, and much weaker than the wave-induced motions. The Reynolds numbers based on the Taylor microscale (Reλ) are 300–440 for the high, 68–83 for the moderate, and 14–37 for the weak mean currents. The moderate–weak turbulence levels are typical of the calm weather conditions at the LEO-15 site because of the low velocities and limited range of length scales. The energy spectra display substantial anisotropy at moderate to high wavenumbers and have large bumps at the transition from the inertial to the dissipation range. These bumps have been observed in previous laboratory and atmospheric studies and have been attributed to a bottleneck effect. Spatial bandpass-filtered vorticity distributions demonstrate that this anisotropy is associated with formation of small-scale, horizontal vortical layers. Methods for estimating the dissipation rates are compared, including direct estimates based on all of the gradients available from 2D data, estimates based on gradients of one velocity component, and those obtained from curve fitting to the energy spectrum. The estimates based on vertical gradients of horizontal velocity are higher and show better agreement with the direct results than do those based on horizontal gradients of vertical velocity. Because of the anisotropy and low turbulence levels, a −5/3 line-fit to the energy spectrum leads to mixed results and is especially inadequate at moderate to weak turbulence levels. The 2D velocity and vorticity distributions reveal that the flow in the boundary layer at moderate speeds consists of periods of “gusts” dominated by large vortical structures separated by periods of more quiescent flows. The frequency of these gusts increases with Reλ, and they disappear when the currents are weak. Conditional sampling of the data based on vorticity magnitude shows that the anisotropy at small scales persists regardless of vorticity and that most of the variability associated with the gusts occurs at the low-wave-number ends of the spectra. The dissipation rates, being associated with small-scale structures, do not vary substantially with vorticity magnitude. In stark contrast, almost all the contributions to the Reynolds shear stresses, estimated using structure functions, are made by the high- and intermediate-vorticity-magnitude events. During low vorticity periods the shear stresses are essentially zero. Thus, in times with weak mean flow but with wave orbital motion, the Reynolds stresses are very low. Conditional sampling based on phase in the wave orbital cycle does not show any significant trends.
A Numerical Modeling Study of Warm Offshore Flow over Cool Water
Authors: Skyllingstad Eric D. , Samelson Roger M. , Mahrt Larry , Barbour Phil 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Numerical simulations of boundary layer evolution in offshore flow of warm air over cool water are conducted and compared with aircraft observations of mean and turbulent fields made at Duck, North Carolina. Two models are used: a two-dimensional, high-resolution mesoscale model with a turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme, and a three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES) model that explicitly resolves the largest turbulent scales. Both models simulate general aspects of the decoupling of the weakly convective boundary layer from the surface, as it is advected offshore, and the formation of an internal boundary layer over the cool water. Two sets of experiments are performed, which indicate that complexities in upstream surface conditions play an important role in controlling the observed structure. The first (land–sea) experiments examine the transition from a rough surface having the same temperature as the ambient lower atmosphere, to a smooth ocean surface that is 5°C cooler. In the second (barrier island) experiment, a 4-km strip along the coastline having surface temperature 5°C warmer than the ambient atmosphere is introduced, to represent a narrow, heated barrier island present at the Duck site. In the land–sea case, it is found that the mesoscale model overpredicts turbulent intensity in the upper half of the boundary layer, forcing a deeper boundary layer. Both the mesoscale and LES models produce only a small change in the boundary layer shear and tend to decrease the momentum flux near the surface much more rapidly than the observations. Results from the barrier-island case are more in line with the observed momentum and turbulence structure, but still have a reduced momentum flux in the lower boundary layer in comparison with the observations. The authors find that turbulence in the LES model generated by convection over the heated land surface is stronger than in the mesoscale model, and tends to persist offshore for greater distances because of greater shear in the upper boundary layer winds. Analysis of the mesoscale model results suggests that better estimation of the mixing length could improve the turbulence closure in regions where the surface fluxes are changing rapidly.
Interpretation of the Structure and Evolution of Adjoint-Derived Forecast Sensitivity Gradients
Authors: Kleist Daryl T. , Morgan Michael C. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A 36-h adjoint-based forecast sensitivity study of three response functions defined in the lower troposphere—average temperature in an isolated region of the upper Midwest (R1), meridional temperature difference (R2), and average zonal component of the wind (R3)—is conducted with the goal of providing a synoptic and dynamic interpretation of the sensitivity gradient structure and evolution. In addition to calculating and interpreting the sensitivity gradients with respect to basic model variables along the model forecast trajectory, a technique is outlined that allows for the calculation of the sensitivity gradients with respect to variables derivable from the model state vector (including geopotential, relative vorticity, and divergence), and a method for visualizing the sensitivities with respect to the horizontal components of the wind is proposed and demonstrated.
The sensitivity of R1 to all model and derived variables revealed that R1 was controlled by nearly adiabatic processes associated with the addition or generation of temperature perturbations upstream of the region in which R1 was defined. For R2, the sensitivity gradients revealed the well-known influence of confluent horizontal flow and vertical tilting of isentropes to increase the north–south temperature gradient over the region within which R2 was defined. The sensitivity of R3 to the components of the horizontal wind reveals that simply adding or generating an upstream zonal wind perturbation is insufficient to change the zonal wind at 36 h as these wind perturbations upstream of the domain within which R3 is defined are torqued by the Coriolis force as they are advected toward the domain. These results suggest adjoint-derived sensitivities of quasi-conserved response functions may be more easily interpretable than sensitivities calculated for nonconserved response functions.
Swelling Behaviors of an Organosilylated Lithium Potassium Titanate in Organic Solvents
Authors: Ide Yusuke , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
An organically modified layered titanate, prepared by the reaction of K0.8Ti1.73Li0.27O4 with n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, was dispersed in benzene, chloroform, toluene, n-decane, n-octanol, and ethyl acetate to form colloidal suspensions.
Solid Surface Enhancement Effects on Chemiluminescence: Effects of Number of Cationic Species in Solid Media
Authors: Yoshinaga Tetsutaro , Akimoto Shigekazu , Ichimura Teijiro , Hiratsuka Hiroshi , Hasegawa Miki , Kobayashi Michio , Hoshi Toshihiko 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Solid surface enhancement effects on chemiluminescence (CL) have been studied using alkaline metal salts as solid media. Effects of number of cationic species (alkali metal ions: Na+ and K+ ions) on chemiluminescence of diaryl oxalate type CL reagent were investigated. It was found that sodium and potassium ions are the most active CL enhancers among alkaline metal ions, and the more sodium ions (or potassium ions) are included in the solid medium, the stronger the CL intensity.
Photochromic and Fluorescence Properties of a Hemiindigo in the Presence of Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Ikegami Masashi , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The hemiindigo derivative having a pyrrole ring exhibited photochromic and thermochromic properties in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate buffer solution.
Preparation of Organic Light-emitting Field-effect Transistors with Asymmetric Electrodes
Authors: Sakanoue Tomo , Fujiwara Eiichi , Yamada Ryo , Tada Hirokazu 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Light-emitting field-effect transistors (LEFET) based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) were prepared with asymmetric electrodes of a Au/Cr source and an Al drain on a SiO2 gate insulator (600 nm) through twice of photolithography and lift-off techniques. The light emission was observed when the gate voltages increased above −40 V at the drain voltage of −100 V. The luminous efficiency of the devices was significantly improved comparing to those with conventional electrodes of Au/Cr.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Hydrative Dimerization of Allenes
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Dobashi Naotomo , Wakatsuki Yasuo 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Hydrative dimerization and hydration of allenes proceeded in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid. γ,δ-Unsaturated ketones and methyl ketones were isolated in moderate combined yields. No isomeric compound (isomeric enone) was isolated.
Energies of Low-lying Excited States and Reactivity of Giant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with a Hole Inside
Authors: Yang Xia , Hajgató Balázs , Yamada Megumi , Ohno Koichi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
By studying the lowest singlet and triplet excitations of a series of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of ZINDO and MO/8E methods, there appear blue shifts for those holed PAHs, in contrast to the ordinary π-conjugated systems with simple red shifts. In all investigated PAHs the even-layered holed PAHs show higher aromatic character. In addition, there is larger global softness in this kind of widely delocalized π-systems from reactivity indices.
Preparation of Nanostructured Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 Glass-Ceramics by a Citrate Process
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiong , Wen Zhaoyin , Gu Zhonghua , Xu Xiaohe , Lin Zuxiang 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 gel was successfully prepared by a citrate process and converted into nanostructured and highly Li+-conductive Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 glass-ceramics through heat treatment at 700–900 °C. The experimental results indicated that the Li-ion conductivity of the glass-ceramics depended greatly on the grain size of the conducting phase in the specimens. An excellent room-temperature conductivity as high as 1.36 × 10−3 S cm−1 was obtained, which is one of the highest lithium-ion conductivity for solid electrolytes.
Small-angle X-ray Scattering from Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Dispersed in Polymeric Matrix
Authors: Inada Toru , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Kawasaki Shinichi , Yamada Masahiro , Kobori Kana , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was measured from CNT-dispersed resins and the data was analyzed in terms of a core-shell cylinder model. The structural parameters obtained from SAXS perfectly agreed with those from the electron microscopic observations. However, we found that SAXS was rather insensitive to how CNTs were dispersed in the resins.
Ultrastable Steroidal Nanotube Formed in Organic Solvents
Authors: Jung Jong Hwa , Lee Soo Jin , Han Sung-Hwan , Shinkai Seiji , Shimizu Toshimi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Cholesterol-based amphiphile not only formed the tubular structure in organic solvents such as acetonitrile as well as acetone, but also maintained the tubular structure until 72 °C.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of c Axis Oriented Submicrometer-scale ZnO Cones
Authors: Mane R S , Roh Seung Jae , Han Sung-Hwan 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Submicrometer-scale, single crystalline ZnO cones required to function as ultrahigh frequency electroacoustic transducers has been synthesized using LbL chemical route on glass substrate and textured growth along c direction perpendicular to surface substrate after annealing film at 200 °C was observed.
Corporate Taxes and Financing Methods for Taxable Acquisitions*
Authors: DHALIWAL DAN S. , NEWBERRY KAYE J. , WEAVER CONNIE D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe examine the influence of corporate taxes on U.S. firms' financing methods for taxable acquisitions of 100 percent of a target corporation's stock. We conduct tests of acquirer firms' use of debt or internal funds as the funding source for these acquisitions over the period 1987‐97. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that U.S. firms' use of debt to fund acquisitions significantly declines as foreign tax credit limitations reduce the marginal tax benefits received from borrowing. This finding is consistent with earlier speculation that U.S. foreign tax credit provisions could materially affect the capital costs of U.S. companies in debt‐financed acquisitions. We also find that these firms are generally high‐tax‐rate corporations whose financing choices are not significantly influenced by whether they acquire target‐firm tax loss carryovers. Our findings contribute to the accounting literature on the influence of taxes on the structure and financing of corporate acquisitions.
Alendronate Therapy May Be Effective in the Prevention of Bone Loss Around Titanium Implants Inserted in Estrogen‐Deficient Rats
Authors: Duarte Poliana Mendes , de Vasconcelos Gurgel Bruno César , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Nogueira Filho Getúlio Rocha , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Nociti Francisco Humberto 
Published: March 2005

Background: This study evaluated whether alendronate (ALD) influences bone healing around titanium implants inserted in ovariectomized rats and whether it provides a residual effect after its withdrawal.Methods: Bilateral ovariectomies were performed in 87 Wistar rats and one screw‐shaped titanium implant was placed in the tibiae. The animals were divided into the following groups: group SHAM (N = 15): sham surgeries; group OVX (N = 15): ovariectomy; group AT (N = 15): OVX plus alendronate administration for 80 days; group AW (N = 14): OVX plus alendronate administration for 40 days; group ET (N = 14): OVX plus 17β estradiol administration for 80 days; or group EW (N = 14): OVX plus 17β estradiol administration for 40 days. Bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads, and bone density in a 500 µm‐wide zone lateral to the implant (BD) were obtained and measured for the cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) regions.Results: In zone A, data analysis showed no significant differences among the groups regarding BIC and BD (P >0.05), and a slight beneficial effect of estradiol on BA when compared with the OVX, EW, and AW groups (P <0.05). In zone B, OVX negatively impacted bone healing around the implants, resulting in reduced BA and BD (P <0.05). ALD (continuous/interrupted) and estradiol (only continuous) positively affected BIC, BA, and BD, resulting in values at the same level as the control group (SHAM).Conclusions: ALD may prevent the negative influence of estrogen deficiency on bone healing around titanium implants inserted in OVX rats. This positive effect, in contrast to estradiol, is sustained following its withdrawal. J Periodontol 2005;76:107‐114.
DNA Probe Identification of Bacteria Colonizing Internal Surfaces of the Implant‐Abutment Interface: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Callan Donald P. , Cobb Charles M. , Williams Karen B. 
Published: March 2005

Background: Currently, there is limited knowledge concerning the specific genus and species of bacteria that may colonize internal surfaces of the implant‐abutment interface (IAI) of two‐stage dental implants. The purpose of this study was to use DNA probe analysis to identify those periodontopathic bacteria that may inhabit the internal surfaces and healing abutment screw‐threads of the IAI of dental implants in situ.Methods: Following osseointegration, bacterial samples for DNA probe analysis were obtained from 54 two‐stage hydroxyapatite plasma spray‐coated implants in 32 patients. Using sterile paper points, samples were obtained from the IAI of 43 implants and the screw‐threads of healing abutments in the other 11 implants. DNA probes were available to detect the following microbes: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Treponema denticola.Results: All samples taken from healing abutment screw‐threads were negative for all target microbes. The aggregate percentage of positive results for each target microbe for samples from internal surfaces of the IAI were: 41.9%, A. actinomycetemcomitans; 60.5%, T. forsythensis; 44.2%, C. rectus; 60.5%, E. corrodens; 48.8%, F. nucleatum; 46.5%, P. gingivalis; 55.8%, P. intermedia; and 51.2%, T. denticola. In addition, no significant differences were noted between colonization of individual microbial species when comparing anterior to posterior and maxillary to mandibular implant sites.Conclusions: Moderate to high levels of eight different periodontopathic microbes inhabiting the internal surfaces of the IAI of 43 two‐stage implants in partially edentulous patients were identified by DNA probe analysis. The microbes colonized these surfaces within 25 days following the second stage surgery and placement of the healing abutment. In contrast, all samples obtained from screw‐threads of 11 healing abutments were DNA probe negative. These findings appear to support those of other investigations demonstrating the translocation of bacteria from residual dentition to implants. J Periodontol 2005;76:115‐120.
A Pilot Study Into Measurements of Markers of Atherosclerosis in Periodontitis
Authors: Leivadaros Efstratios , van der Velden Ubele , Bizzarro Sergio , Heggeler Johanna M.A.G. ten , Gerdes Victor E.A. , Hoek Frans J. , Nagy Thomas O.M. , Scholma Jose , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Gans Rijk O.B. , Cate Hugo ten , Loos Bruno G. 
Published: March 2005

Background: Periodontitis may be a possible risk factor for atherosclerosis. The current pilot study explored arterial wall thickness and other variables associated with atherosclerosis in healthy subjects with and without periodontitis.Methods: Patients with moderate (N = 34) and severe periodontitis (N = 15) and controls (N = 14) were recruited. Intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries (CCA), internal carotid arteries (ICA), and bifurcations of carotid arteries (BCA) was estimated bilaterally using B‐mode ultrasound. An overall IMT was calculated as the mean of these six measurements. C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor (vWf) were measured in plasma as indicators of systemic inflammation and atherosclerotic disease. Microalbuminuria was determined as a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction.Results: IMT for CCA were 0.64, 0.68, and 0.69 mm for control, moderate, and severe periodontitis, respectively (not signifi‐ cant). IMT for BCA did not vary among groups. IMT of ICA was largest for severe periodontitis (0.81 mm); corresponding values for controls and moderate periodontitis were 0.58 and 0.55 mm, respectively (P = 0.023). Severe periodontitis patients had an overall IMT of 0.76 mm, while moderate periodontitis patients and controls had lower values (0.64 and 0.65 mm, respectively; P = 0.153). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the increased IMT for ICA in severe periodontitis was also significant (Padj = 0.040). CRP (P = 0.020, Padj = 0.050) and vWf (P = 0.019, Padj = 0.013) were higher in periodontitis than controls; microalbuminuria was not different between groups. Power calculations suggest that a 4‐fold expansion of the severe patient and control groups will result in a high chance (power level 80%) that a clinically significant association between the overall IMT and periodontitis will be observed.Conclusion: The present pilot study indicates that a full study investigating the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis is warranted. J Periodontol 2005;76:121‐128.
Early Detection and Successful Management of Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case Report
Authors: Endo Hiroyasu , Rees Terry D. , Matsue Miyoko , Kuyama Kayo , Nakadai Mami , Yamamoto Hirotsugu 
Published: March 2005

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by acantholysis in the epithelium. PV is often difficult to diagnose in the early stages, since the oral lesions are relatively nonspecific. We report on a case with a favorable outcome due to early diagnosis and effective treatment of oral lesions.Methods: A 53‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with a month‐long history of painful gingiva. PV was diagnosed using clinical, histopathological, and direct immunofluorescence criteria 1 month after the first visit. Evaluation of the circulating autoantibody titers to desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3 was conducted by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Occlusive steroid therapy (OST) using a topical corticosteroid (0.1% triamcinolone acetonide) was provided for 8 weeks. After OST was completed, a buccal frenectomy was performed to eliminate localized toothbrushing trauma.Results: There were no adverse effects on wound healing after the procedure. No oral PV lesions were detectable at the 9‐month reevaluation, and the patient remains in complete remission. The Dsg1 ELISA was negative while the Dsg3 ELISA was indeterminate at the first visit. The Dsg1 ELISA was also negative at reevaluation, but Dsg3 ELISA reactivity had increased 9 months after completion of treatment.Conclusion: Large scale clinical trials will be required to validate the clinical benefits of the OST treatment regimen, and further research is necessary to determine the importance of ELISA antibody examination in long‐term management of oral PV. J Periodontol 2005;76:154‐160.