bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking forwards: discursive directions in organizational change
Authors: Oswick Cliff , Grant David , Michelson Grant , Wailes Nick 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to review the discursive formation of organizational change and to consider the possible directions that change management initiatives may take in the future.Design/methodology/approachThis closing piece identifies a traditional change discourse and an emerging change discourse. This is achieved through a review of the extant literature and the contributions to the special issue.FindingsThe paper highlights a shift of emphases in organizational change due to environmental imperatives. In particular, it reveals a move from problem‐centred, discrete interventions to a focus on continuous improvements. It also draws attention to the emerging significance of discourse‐based approaches concerned with image, identity, organizational learning and knowledge management.Originality/valueProvides a framework for classifying different forms of organizational change activity and posits directions for future development.
Impact of the tsunami on Chinese outbound tourism
Authors: Qiu Zhang Hanqin 
Published: July 2005

PurposeSeeks to report and analyze the impacts of the Asian tsunami on China's outbound tourism.Design/methodology/approachUses industry data to assess the impact of tourism from China to the affected region.FindingsThe tsunami has caused a redistribution of outbound tourists and stimulated a rapid increase in some other outbound and domestic destinations.Practical implicationsThe tsunami itself had both direct and indirect effects. South and Southeast Asia has lost tourism revenues from China and is now perceived as a high‐risk region by Chinese tourists.Originality/valueUses recently available industry data to assess the impact of the tsunami on Chinese outbound tourism.
Perceptions and attitudes of tourism students in Turkey
Authors: Akin Aksu A. , Deniz Köksal C. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo investigate the main expectations of students from the tourism industry who are studying at the Akdeniz University School of Tourism and Hotel Management in Antalya.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire containing 16 closed questions and a multi‐item attitude scale was used for 689 students ranging from the first class to the fourth class.FindingsThe results generally show negative perceptions and attitudes toward the tourism industry, but some positive perceptions and attitudes are also apparent. Positive emotions were usually mentioned by students who had chosen the tourism and hotel management school within their first three rank order in the university entrance exam, who had chosen the school willingly, and who had carried out their practical work experience outside Turkey.Research limitations/implicationsIt is not possible to generalize the findings to other tourism schools, but the findings can be evaluated as a useful source of information regarding the perceptions and attitudes of the sampled tourism students in Antalya, Turkey.Originality/valueThe findings are of value for government officials, academicians, tourism professionals and also tourism students.
Approval procedures and passive consent considerations in research among young people
Authors: de Meyrick Julian 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe intention of this paper is to encourage debate among ethical researchers on this very important issue. Research necessary to underpin health education and health promotion is often controversial and often involves vulnerable populations such as young people and children. It is essential that the rights of these respondents are protected in every research project. Current research ethical approval processes aim to protect these rights but have the potential to undermine the viability of research projects in this area. This paper addresses two ethical issues associated with this research: the approval process and respondent consent.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at the codified antecedents of common ethical guidelines and discusses their application in a particular but not unusual health education research project.FindingsThe paper recommends the adoption of a simplified approval process and greater appreciation of the merits of researching among students in a classroom setting, when these students are an appropriate target market.Research limitations/implicationsMuch health education research falls between medical research and marketing research. Guidelines for this sort of research need to be developed through discussion among practitioners and academics in the field.Originality/valueAdoption of this simplified approach will facilitate more important research being undertaken without jeopardizing the rights or the welfare of the vulnerable respondents involved.
Messages and mediums: learning to teach with videogames
Authors: Thomas David 
Published: July 2005

PurposeProposes to argue that current assumptions about media effects in videogames fail to take into account the variety of messages and potential effects embedded in games.Design/methodology/approachA survey of the game “Grand Theft Auto III” and a short, illustrative, review of “videogames as learning” perspectives.FindingsEven a game such as “Grand Theft Auto III”, pilloried for its anti‐social messages and assumed negative behavioral effects, reveals a significant number of positive social messages.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper only illustrates the conflicting nature of media effects assumptions – both positive and negative. It does not attempt to provide an exhaustive review of or context for either the subject‐matter or the research area.Practical implicationsThe perspective presented provides a warning to educators intent on assuming positive learning benefits (effects) of the videogame medium just as it argues against a simple reading of videogames as negative media by groups seeking to censor games.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to identify the underlying assumptions of both the “videogames as learning” and the “videogames as social danger” camps as both sharing the same conceptual framework.
Social networks and tax (non‐)compliance in a multicultural nation
Authors: Rothengatter Maarten R. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore the role that different structures of socially embedded networks themselves play in tax non‐compliance or evasion, and the contribution that an application of network analysis can make to the study of tax compliance regulation.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study applies a network approach and uses focus‐group interviewing to unveil tax evasive behaviours that are deeply embedded in specifically selected and structurally different trading networks.FindingsIndicate the kinds of difficulties that tax regulators may face in their attempts to deal with a range of law‐defying practices, which operate both within and among some structurally diversified (social) trading networks of a multicultural nation. The data confirm convincingly that tax evasive behaviours are not solely peculiar to immigrant (NESB) business networks, but are mirroring many beliefs, norms and informal practices that also exist strongly in non‐immigrant networks.Practical implicationsA mixed‐embedded network approach that grasps the rich contexts and complexities involved in the informal behaviours of “networked” small‐business entrepreneurs is to be regarded as a powerful tool in the governance of modern taxation systems.Originality/valueFills a gap in the research (literature) on the tax‐compliance behaviours among citizens of a multicultural nation and may have potential for a wider application.
Evaluation of relatively low dose of oral transmucosal ketamine premedication in children: a comparison with oral midazolam
Authors: HORIUCHI TOSHINORI , KAWAGUCHI MASAHIKO , KUREHARA KOUKICHI , KAWARAGUCHI YOSHITAKA , SASAOKA NORIYUKI , FURUYA HITOSHI 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground : Oral Transmucosal ketamine (lollipop) has been shown to be an effective, harmless preoperative medication for children. However, its efficacy was not compared with commonly used premedication drugs. We, therefore, compared the efficacy of oral transmucosal ketamine with oral midazolam for premedication in children.Methods : Fifty‐five children (2–6 years of age) were randomized to receive orally either a lollipop containing 50 mg of ketamine (the group K; n = 27) or syrup containing 0.5 mg·kg−1 of midazolam (the group M; n = 28) before minor surgery. A five points‐sedation score (1 = asleep to 5 = agitated; scores 2 and 3 were defined as ‘effective’) on arrival in the operating room and a three points‐acceptance score of separation from the parents and a three points‐mask cooperation score at induction of anesthesia (1 = easy to 3 = markedly resistant; score 3 was defined as ‘poor’) were used.Results : Sedation scores in group K were significantly higher than those in group M (P = 0.012), and the incidence of ‘effective’ in sedation was significantly lower in group K than in group M (P = 0.036). The incidence of ‘poor’ at separation from the parents and for mask cooperation was significantly higher in group K than in group M (P = 0.017, P = 0.019, respectively).Conclusion : These results indicate that a relatively low dose of oral transmucosal ketamine premedication provides no benefits over oral midazolam in children.
Long‐term use of clonidine in a critically‐ill infant
Authors: LOWERY REBECCA , ZUK JEANNIE , POLANER DAVID M. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe report the use of clonidine in an infant as an adjunct to sedation and analgesia for 4 months in the critical care setting. Advantages, potential side effects, and dosing for multiple modes of delivery are discussed.
An evaluation of pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting following the introduction of guidelines for tonsillectomy
Authors: WHITE MICHELLE C. , NOLAN JUDITH A. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground : Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy have a high incidence of postoperative pain, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Pain is traditionally controlled with morphine but this increases the risk of PONV and may cause respiratory depression. Antiemetics reduce PONV but their routine use has been questioned on safety grounds.Method : After determining the current anesthetic management of elective tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy patients in our hospital, guidelines were developed to avoid the routine use of morphine and antiemetics. The effect on pain and PONV was then evaluated over a 3 month period. Postoperative pain was scored using the Oucher visual analog scale and nausea scored using a five point scale.Results : We analysed 34 cases to determine our current practice and 37 cases to evaluate the effect of introducing guidelines. Postguidelines, the median Oucher pain score at 4 h was 10, and at 8, 12, 16 h was zero. Despite receiving no antiemetics, only two children vomited (5%) after introduction of guidelines.Conclusion : Guidelines which use a combination of paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and fentanyl, provide excellent analgesia with minimal PONV after elective tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy. As a result the routine use of morphine and antiemetics can be avoided.
Use of low‐dose rocuronium for intubation of children during volunteer surgery abroad1
Authors: POLITIS GEORGE D. , BRILL JUDITH , JONES JOHN 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground : Low‐dose rocuronium (ROC) might improve safety during volunteer surgery abroad (VSA) by facilitating intubation with a lower halothane concentration than is typically used. We hypothesized that 0.25 mg·kg−1 of ROC would improve intubation conditions during 3% halothane induction and still allow for rapid return to spontaneous ventilation (SV).Methods : During Operation Smile's 2002 mission to Honduras, patients aged 3 months–11 years were randomized to receive ROC 0.25 mg·kg−1 (n = 19), or placebo (n = 23). Induction was with 3% halothane in 100% O2, with ventilation assisted and controlled when possible, and normocarbia maintained. An i.v. was placed after induction, and ROC or placebo given. Direct laryngoscopy (DL) was performed 3 min later by a blinded laryngoscopist who assessed conditions according to predetermined criteria.Results : Adequate intubation conditions occurred in 89 and 87% of patients (P = 0.59), and mean times from DL until the return to SV were 9.8 and 4.3 min (P = 0.003), in the ROC and placebo groups, respectively. For the placebo group, the presence of SV at DL was predictive of inadequate intubation conditions (P = 0.006).Conclusions : When administering 3% halothane for induction of VSA patients, a high frequency of adequate intubation conditions can be achieved without a relaxant, rendering the known benefits of 0.25 mg·kg−1 of ROC unapparent. ROC 0.25 mg·kg−1 does allow rapid return to SV.
Perinatal tuberculosis: implications of failure to isolate the lungs in an infant undergoing thoracotomy
Authors: SUBRAMANIAM RAJESHWARI , GUPTA SURBHI , PRASAD CHANDRASHEKARAIAH NAGENDRA 
Published: July 2005

SummaryA 3‐month‐old male infant presented with intermittent low‐grade fever from the age of 1 month. On investigation, a nonhomogenous opacity was found in the upper lobe of the right lung. A computerized tomographic scan revealed loss of aeration of the right upper lobe and partial collapse of the middle lobe. A provisional diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (with episodes of infection) was made. We describe the use of a single lumen tracheal tube (TT) for thoracotomy and lobectomy in this infant. The surgical procedure was complicated by a flood of thick, semisolid caseous material from the TT tube causing hypoxia and inability to ventilate the infant. The problem was managed appropriately in the circumstances. The infant died on the 10th postoperative day after two episodes of pneumothorax and, finally, sepsis, and multiorgan failure. Histopathological examination of the tissues and smears revealed acid‐fast bacilli in all fields and confirmed the diagnosis of perinatal tuberculosis. This appears to be the first report of its kind of an anesthetic complication of perinatal tuberculosis. A brief update on this condition and the importance of lung separation in infants undergoing thoracotomy is discussed.
Sevoflurane–remifentanil vs isoflurane–remifentanil for the surgical correction of craniosynostosis in infants
Authors: PIETRINI DOMENICO , CIANO FRANCESCA , FORTE ELIA , TOSI FEDERICA , ZANGHI FILIPPO , VELARDI FRANCESCO , DI ROCCO CONCEZIO , CHIARETTI ANTONIO , CARESTA ELENA , PIASTRA MARCO 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground : The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of isoflurane–remifentanil and sevoflurane–remifentanil combinations during neurosurgical correction craniosynostosis.Methods : Twenty‐two infants with craniosynostosis received a slow bolus of remifentanil followed by continuous infusion. The infants were randomly divided into two groups: remifentanil followed by sevoflurane (the ‘sevoflurane group’), and remifentanil followed by isoflurane (the ‘isoflurane group’). We monitored electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), invasive arterial blood pressure (IABP), pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2), endtidal CO2 (PEco2), inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2) and endtidal volatile agent (PE volatile agent) at 12 time points, from the beginning of surgery (T0) until the cessation of drugs (T11). The volatile agent was stopped prior to skin suture and the remifentanil infusion after skin closure. Subsequently, we evaluated recovery time of spontaneous breathing and spontaneous eye opening and time of extubation at 5, 10, and 15 min after extubation, the Steward Recovery Score (SRS) was assessed. Patients were then transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).Results : During the surgical procedure the hemodynamic parameters between the two groups did not show statistically significant differences. There were also no significant differences in terms of awakening time or SRS.Conclusions : The rapid recovery of the children (confirmed by their high values of SRS) makes it possible to reliably assess the patient's neurological condition immediately after surgery.
Anisotropic Elastic
Tubes of Arbitrary Cross Section Under Arbitrary End Loads: Separation of Beamlike and Decaying
Solutions
Authors: Ladevèze P. , Simmonds J.
G. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
First approximation analytical solutions are constructed for finite and semi-infinite, fully anisotropic elastic tubes of constant thickness h and arbitrary cross section, subject to purely kinetic or purely kinematic boundary conditions. Final results contain relative errors of O(h∕R), where R is some equivalent cross sectional radius. Solutions are decomposed into the sum of an exact beamlike or Saint-Venant solution, treated in Ladevèze et al. (Int. J. Solids Struct., 41, pp. 1925–1944, 2004) and extended in an appendix; a rapidly decaying edge-zone solution; and a slowly decaying semi-membrane-inextensional-bending (MB) solution. Explicit conditions on the boundary data are given that guarantee decaying solutions. The MB solutions are expressed as an infinite series of complex-valued exponential functions times real-valued one-dimensional eigenfunctions which satisfy a fourth-order differential equation in the circumferential coordinate and depend on the pointwise cross sectional curvature only.
Newmark’s Time Integration Method From the Discretization of Extended
Functionals
Authors: Bardella Lorenzo , Genna Francesco 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
In this note we illustrate how to obtain the full family of Newmark’s time integration algorithms within a rigorous variational framework, i.e., by discretizing suitably defined extended functionals, rather than by starting from a weak form (for instance, of the Galerkin type), as done in the past. The availability of functionals as a starting point is useful both as a tool to obtain new families of time integration methods, and as a theoretical basis for error estimates. To illustrate the first issue, here we provide some examples of how to obtain modified algorithms, in some cases significantly more accurate than the basic Newmark one despite having a comparable computational cost.
Multiscale Shock Heating Analysis of a Granular Explosive
Authors: Gonthier Keith A. , Jogi Venugopal 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA multiscale model is formulated and used to characterize the duration and amplitude of temperature peaks (i.e., hot spots) at intergranular contact surfaces generated by shock compaction of the granular high explosive HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine). The model tracks the evolution of both bulk variables and localized temperature subject to a consistent thermal energy localization strategy that accounts for inelastic and compressive heating, phase change, and thermal conduction at the grain scale (grain size ∼50μm). Steady subsonic compaction waves having a dispersed two-wave structure are predicted for mild impact of dense HMX (porosity ∼19%), and steady supersonic compaction waves having a discontinuous solid shock followed by a thin compaction zone are predicted for stronger impact. Short duration hot spots having peak temperatures in excess of 900K are predicted near intergranular contact surfaces for impact speeds as low as 100m∕s; these hot spots are sufficient to induce sustained combustion as determined by a two-phase thermal explosion theory. Thermal conduction and phase change significantly affect hot-spot formation for low impact speeds (∼100m∕s), whereas bulk inelastic heating dominates the thermal response at higher speeds resulting in longer duration hot spots. Compressive grain heating is shown to be largely inconsequential for the range of impact speeds considered in this work (100⩽up⩽1000m∕s). Predictions for the variation in inelastic strain, pressure, and porosity through the compaction zone are also shown to qualitatively agree with the results of detailed mesoscale simulations.
Collapse of Thick Cylinders Under Radial Pressure and Axial
Load
Authors: Corradi Leone , Luzzi Lelio , Trudi Fulvio 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
This paper provides the theoretical collapse loads of thick, long cylindrical shells subject to pressure and axial forces. Tubes are made of isotropic, perfectly plastic von Mises' material. Axial strains are assumed to be constant but possibly different from zero, so that elongation is permitted. This assumption, together with axial symmetry and the isochoric nature of plastic flow, unambiguously defines the set of possible collapse mechanisms, and collapse loads are computed on this basis. Results are contrasted to those presently available, based on thin-shell assumptions. Comparison shows that differences are of engineering significance, well worth considering for thick tubes, such as those envisaged in some nuclear power plant applications.
Transient Future Climate over the Western United States Using a Regional Climate Model
Authors: Snyder Mark A. , Sloan Lisa C. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Regional climate models (RCMs) have improved our understanding of the effects of global climate change on specific regions. The need for realistic forcing has led to the use of fully coupled global climate models (GCMs) to produce boundary conditions for RCMs. The advantages of using fully coupled GCM output is that the global-scale interactions of all components of the climate system (ocean, sea ice, land surface, and atmosphere) are considered. This study uses an RCM, driven by a fully coupled GCM, to examine the climate of a region centered over California for the time periods 1980–99 and 2080–99. Statistically significant increases in mean monthly temperatures by up to 7°C are found for the entire state. Large changes in precipitation occur in northern California in February (increase of up to 4 mm day−1 or 30%) and March (decrease of up to 3 mm day−1 or 25%). However, in most months, precipitation changes between the cases were not statistically significant. Statistically significant decreases in snow accumulation of over 100 mm (50%) occur in some months. Temperature increases lead to decreases in snow accumulation that impact the hydrologic budget by shifting spring and summer runoff into the winter months, reinforcing results of other studies that used different models and driving conditions.