bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vue d'ensemble de la conflictualité en 2021
Authors: Guilhaudis Jean-François 
Published: January 2024

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International audience
Based on the contributions of the main instruments for studying and monitoring conflicts, this annual overview places conflicts of interest to international and european security within a global approach to conflictuality. It takes stock of their human and societal costs (II), their actors (III), their objects (IV), their regional distribution (V), their dynamics (appearance, aggravation, improvement, termination) (VI). Finally, it indicates the trends in the most active conflicts and in conflictuality in general (VII).
À partir des apports des principaux instruments d'étude et de suivi des conflits, cette vue d'ensemble annuelle inscrit les conflits intéressant la sécurité internationale et européenne, dans une approche globale de la conflictualité. Elle fait le point sur leur coût humain et sociétal (II), leurs acteurs (III), leurs objets (IV), leur répartition régionale (V), leur dynamique (apparition, aggravation, amélioration, terminaison) (VI). Elle indique enfin la tendance des conflits les plus actifs et celles de la conflictualité en général (VII).
Chine et Europe centrale et orientale : dans la tourmente des espoirs déçus
Authors: Lasserre Frédéric , Alexeeva Olga V. 
Published: January 2024

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Créée en 2012, l’association des 16 pays d’Europe centrale et de la Chine a suscité de vives craintes après le lancement en 2013 de Belt and Road Initiative. Aux yeux de plusieurs pays européens, le rapprochement de la Chine avec les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale (ECO) risquait de faire d’eux des chevaux de Troie de l’influence chinoise au sein de l’Union européenne. Après un enthousiasme initial, les pays de l’ECO ont connu des trajectoires variables dans leur appréciation de cette coopération, allant du maintien officiel de cet enthousiasme en Hongrie, à une réévaluation critique de la portée de celle-ci. Comment est-on passé en quelques années d’un a priori aussi favorable, à une certaine désillusion ? Et quelles sont les perspectives, surtout dans le contexte de l’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie ?
Created in 2012, the association of China with the16 Central European countries sparked serious fears after the 2013 launch of the Belt and Road Initiative. In the eyes of several European countries, the rapprochement of China with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) risked making them Trojan horses of Chinese influence within the European Union. After an initial enthusiasm, CEE countries have experienced varying trajectories in their appreciation of this cooperation, ranging from officially maintaining this enthusiasm in Hungary, to a critical reassessment of its scope. How did we go in a few years from such a favorable perception, to a certain disillusionment? And what are the prospects, especially in the context of Russia's invasion of Ukraine?
International audience
Conflits et sécurité internationale 2023 1
Authors: Guilhaudis Jean-François 
Published: January 2024

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The list of conflicts of importance from the point of view of international security is longer than that of the conflicts currently active. Some conflicts that are still far from war can lead to a new large-scale war. Conflicts, which were violent, seem to have slumbered, or even ended, but could be reawakened. Beyond active conflicts, there is a stock of conflicts that need to be constantly monitored. This study does that every year. It gives an overview of international conflict and then reviews them into six categories – potential conflicts/ conflicts with the potential for aggravation/ active conflicts/ frozen, inactive, dormant, forgotten conflicts/ conflicts in the process of being termi-nated/ and outdated conflicts – 48 conflicts. For each conflict, "Benchmarks" are given - i.e. basic information on the conflict, its determinants, its drivers, its scope (systemic, global/regional, etc., of interest to the State, international law, etc.), the context, the parties, the history, the relevant economic, political, legal elements, etc. - and then in italics the "conflict situation in 2022, 2023". Tables by category and a general table at the end bring together the relevant data.
La liste des conflits importants du point de vue de la sécurité internationale, est plus longue que celle des conflits actuellement actifs. Certains conflits encore loin de la guerre peuvent être porteurs d'une nouvelle guerre de grande ampleur. Des conflits, qui furent violents, semblent endormis, voire terminés, mais pourraient se réveiller. Il existe, au-delà des conflits actifs, un stock de conflits à surveiller constamment. C'est ce que fait, chaque année, cette étude. Elle donne une présentation générale de la conflictualité internationale puis passe en revue en les répartissant en six catégories-conflits potentiels/ conflits à potentiel d'aggravation/ conflits actifs/ conflits gelés, peu actifs, endormis, oubliés/ conflits en voie de terminaison/ et conflits dépassés-48 conflits. Pour chaque conflit sont donnés des « Repères »-c'est à dire des informations de base sur le conflit, ses déterminants, ses ressorts, sa portée (systémique, global/régional…, intéressant l'État, le droit international…), le contexte, les parties, l'histoire, les éléments économiques, politiques, juridiques pertinents etc.-, puis en italiques la « situation du conflit en 2022, 2023 ». Des tableaux par catégorie et un tableau général, à la fin, rassemblent les données significatives.
L'Europe de la défense à l'heure de la guerre d'Ukraine
Authors: Dumoulin André 
Published: January 2024

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What progress has the EU made in terms of the European Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) since the second window of opportunity in the 2010s? In what direction have the budgetary, capacity and strategic files evol-ved? The Strategic Compass adopted in March 2022 was strongly “shaken” by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Events in Eastern Europe will overshadow –temporarily or permanently– the most Europeanist postures, precautionary principle… transatlantic requires. This new belligerent environment has cer-tainly upset the CSDP project, partly weakened the most Europeanist percep-tions and highlighted the importance of the transatlantic link within NATO. In addition, Brexit, the Franco-German dilemmas and the new European geo-politics make it necessary to approach European security and defense with new approaches, new scenarios. European credibility is indeed at stake, if not its survival in a world where emerging military powers are shaking up the reassuring certainties of international law while European countries are experiencing a decline in terms of relative economic and demographic weight.
Quelles furent les avancées de l'UE en matière de Politique européenne de sécurité et de défense (PSDC) depuis la deuxième fenêtre d'opportunité des années 2010 ? Dans quel sens ont évolué les dossiers budgétaires, capacitaires et stratégiques ? La Boussole stratégique adoptée en mars 2022 fut fortement « secouée » par l'invasion russe en Ukraine. Les événements à l'Est de l'Europe vont occulter-temporairement ou durablement-les postures les plus européistes, principe de précaution… transatlantique oblige. Ce nouvel environnement belligène a assurément bouleversé le chantier de la PSDC, fragilisé en partie les perceptions les plus européistes et mis en avant l'importance du lien transatlantique au sein de l'OTAN. En outre, le Brexit, les dilemmes franco-allemands et la nouvelle géopolitique européenne imposent d'aborder la sécurité-défense européenne avec de nouvelles approches, de nouveaux scénarios. La crédibilité européenne est bel et bien en jeu, sinon sa survie, dans un monde, où les puissances militaires émergentes bousculent les certitudes rassurantes du droit international alors que les pays européens vivent un déclin en termes de poids relatif économique et démographique.
Le Traité d’Aix-la-Chapelle et la coopération franco-allemande en matière de sécurité et de défense
Authors: Deschaux-Dutard Delphine 
Published: January 2024

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This article presents the provisions of the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle concerning security and defence, after recalling the founding act of the Treaty of the Elysée in 1963 and the advances of Franco-German cooperation in the meantime. The Treaty of Aix-la Chapelle is not revolutionary and it does not erase the divergences between the two States but it has an important symbolic significance when the European construction is in a difficult pass.
International audience
Cet article présente les dispositions du traité d’Aix la Chapelle concernant la sécurité et la défense, après avoir rappelé l‘acte fondateur que fut le traité de l’Élysée en 1963 et les avancées de la coopération franco-allemande dans l’intervalle. Le traité d’Aix -la Chapelle n’a rien de révolutionnaire et il n’efface pas les divergences entre les deux États mais il revêt une portée symbolique importante au moment où la construction européenne est dans une passe difficile.
Traité d’interdiction des armes nucléaires, US Nuclear Posture Review 2018…Observations sur les développements récents du dossier nucléaire
Authors: Guilhaudis Jean-François 
Published: January 2024

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International audience
After presenting the disturbances that have just affected the nuclear file, since mid 2017 -conclusion of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), nuclear posture Review, questioning of the Iranian nuclear agreement, hardening and then abrupt thinning on the North Korean front...-, this Article attempts to assess their foreseeable and possible impacts on the major constituents of the nuclear file – actors, especially the relations between Have and Have Not, standards, diplomacy – and the dossier itself. This reflection ends with a question: Is it not on the eve of the changeover to another phase of the history of the nuclear dossier, that of the end of the NPT and of widespread deterrence? Or, failing to go so far in the upheaval, of a new period of very strong tensions in the diplomacy of disarmament?
Après avoir présenté les perturbations qui viennent d’affecter le dossier nucléaire depuis la mi 2017 - conclusion du Traité d’interdiction des armes nucléaires (TIAN), Nuclear Posture Review, remise en cause de l’accord nucléaire iranien, durcissement puis brusque éclaircie sur le front nord-coréen… -, cet article tente d’évaluer leurs incidences prévisibles et possibles sur les grands constituants du dossier nucléaire – acteurs, en particulier les relations entre Have et Have Not, normes, diplomatie – et le dossier lui-même. Cette réflexion se termine sur une interrogation : n’est-on pas à la veille du basculement dans une autre phase de l’histoire du dossier nucléaire, celle de la fin du TNP et de la dissuasion généralisée ? Ou, à défaut d’aller si loin dans le bouleversement, d’une nouvelle période de très fortes tensions dans la diplomatie du désarmement ?
Implementing an ecoculture: living beyond fear
Authors: Vilas Boas Susana 
Published: January 2024

In light of Pope Francis' Encyclical Laudato Si' I will defend the necessity and urgency of implementing an ecoculture in such a way that it is possible to live the present and look to the future beyond the fear of destruction.
The happy dream for the human family, as described in Laudato Si', will mean breaking free from the chains of the paradigm of fear, where having takes precedence over being and, consequently, leads to the agony of the whole Creation in a spiral of survival, where the fullness of life has no place. Ecoculture will make possible a sobriety that is able, without despair or fatalism, to develop an action of compassion for Creation - a compassion in which the human being understands himself as an integral part of Creation, suffering with it whenever destruction is victorious. In an ecoculture, human beings reassume their original role in Creation, abandoning all ambitions and attempts at superiority, but rather seeking the common good of Creation, in which technical progress, policies, and social relations are allies in safeguarding the common home and never sacrificers of integral ecology.
Promoting research in Cambodian higher education: Opportunities, challenges, and policy implications
Authors:   Department of Scientific Research, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, Heng Kreng , Heng Kimkong ,   Department of Scientific Research, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport
Published: January 2024

•	Research in higher education in Cambodia has seen new developments over the past decade. However, there are remaining challenges that need to be addressed to nurture a robust culture of research in the subsector. •	To ensure the smooth process of research development in Cambodian higher education, it is important to establish a clear vision and policy for research, with a clear financial commitment, at both the national and institutional levels. Although some research policies exist, more efforts are needed to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of such research-oriented policies. •	It is also crucial to develop research-supporting mechanisms or systems that can stimulate research interests and encourage research activities among Cambodian researchers, academics, and students. This can be done through various means, including the ongoing provision of competitive research funding, research reward schemes, research incentives, research mentorship and training, and research dissemination platforms. •	The development of research-supporting mechanisms or systems is essential to nurture a conducive environment for research to grow. Developing such an environment requires a lot of efforts and commitment, and great attention needs to be paid to various factors that facilitate research, including investment in research and research infrastructure, development of an ecosystem that supports research such as research training and mentoring programs, development of communities of research practice, as well as academic promotion, recruitment, and retention that are based on research.
Altitudo sonorum. La conceptualisation de la hauteur de son dans les gloses sur Martianus Capella de Jean Scot, dit l’Érigène
Authors: Anger Violaine 
Published: January 2024

La notion de hauteur de son, altitudo sonorum, est essentielle pour la mise au point de l’écriture musicale occidentale : elle associe un élément visuel, le haut et le bas, au son. Elle existe de façon intuitive dans l’écriture neumatique. Une convergence de faits laisse penser que le concept de hauteur de son a été élaboré au ixe siècle dans les milieux scolaires entourant Jean Scot, dit l’Érigène, sous Charles le Chauve, dans une réélaboration de la conception du monde et une réinterprétation de la science léguée par les savants de l’Antiquité.
Resting-state alterations in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia are related to the distribution of monoamine and GABA neurotransmitter systems
Authors: Hahn Lisa , Eickhoff Simon B , Mueller Karsten , Schilbach Leonhard , Barthel Henryk , Fassbender Klaus , Fliessbach Klaus , Kornhuber Johannes , Prudlo Johannes , Synofzik Matthis , Wiltfang Jens , Diehl-Schmid Janine ,   FTLD Consortium, Otto Markus , Dukart Juergen , Schroeter Matthias L 
Published: January 2024

Background:Aside to clinical changes, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by progressive structural and functional alterations in frontal and temporal regions. We examined if there is a selective vulnerability of specific neurotransmitter systems in bvFTD by evaluating the link between disease-related functional alterations and the spatial distribution of specific neurotransmitter systems and their underlying gene expression levels.Methods:Maps of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) were derived as a measure of local activity from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging for 52 bvFTD patients (mean age = 61.5 ± 10.0 years; 14 females) and 22 healthy controls (HC) (mean age = 63.6 ± 11.9 years; 13 females). We tested if alterations of fALFF in patients co-localize with the non-pathological distribution of specific neurotransmitter systems and their coding mRNA gene expression. Furthermore, we evaluated if the strength of co-localization is associated with the observed clinical symptoms.Results:Patients displayed significantly reduced fALFF in frontotemporal and frontoparietal regions. These alterations co-localized with the distribution of serotonin (5-HT1b and 5-HT2a) and γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAa) receptors, the norepinephrine transporter (NET), and their encoding mRNA gene expression. The strength of co-localization with NET was associated with cognitive symptoms and disease severity of bvFTD.Conclusions:Local brain functional activity reductions in bvFTD followed the distribution of specific neurotransmitter systems indicating a selective vulnerability. These findings provide novel insight into the disease mechanisms underlying functional alterations. Our data-driven method opens the road to generate new hypotheses for pharmacological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases even beyond bvFTD.Funding:This study has been supported by the German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; grant no. FKZ01GI1007A).
Factors Influencing Purchase Decision of Jackfruit Products in Thiruvananthapuram District
Authors: Arathi S. M.  , Ushadevi K. N.  
Published: January 2024

Aim: Jackfruit is popularly known as a poor man's fruit in the eastern and southern parts of India. In India, Kerala is the largest jackfruit-producing state. Beyond its nutritional benefits, jackfruit has received attention for its significant environmental and economic benefits, which arise from its numerous culinary applications and potential as a sustainable food supply. Understanding the factors influencing consumer purchase decisions for jackfruit products is becoming increasingly important as the global perspective on food choices moves towards healthier and more sustainable options. Considering this, the study aimed to analyse different factors influencing the purchase decision of jackfruit products in the Thiruvananthapuram district.
Methodology: Primary data were collected from the consumers residing in urban centres of Thiruvananthapuram district who had consumed at least one selected product. A purposive sampling method was employed to select 30 consumers for each product category, namely jackfruit chips, jackfruit ice cream, jackfruit flour, and jackfruit varatty. Secondary data were gathered from government reports publications, and journals. Statistical tools like the Index method, Kruskal Wallis, test and Mann-Whitney test were used for the analysis. The study was conducted from August to September 2023.
Results: The taste and quality of the product emerged as common variables significantly influencing the four consumer groups in their purchase decisions. Factors like brand availability, quality certification, brand image, and social media were the factors not influencing consumers, except for jackfruit ice cream, which stands out due to additional promotional activities compared to other products. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test highlight significant differences among consumer groups regarding variables such as taste, convenience to use, convenience to cook, and convenience to travel.
Conclusion: The influence of each variable on selected products showed different levels of influence. The taste and quality of the product emerge as common variables significantly influencing consumers in their purchase decisions. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test showed that the effects of these factors on each consumer group were not consistent.
Assessing the Production Potentials of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using Two Seed Systems (Formal and Informal) in the Buea Municipality, Cameroon
Authors: Kerla Cyril , Takor Mandah Cicelia , Akongnwi Clive Neba , Ebobisse Marie Estelle Inès , Monono Ekwa Yawa , Ntane Ojong Agbor , Ngando Elsa Ariane Wandji , Levai Lewis Dopgima , Mbomi Elizabeth S. 
Published: January 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most extensively cultivated fruity vegetable in Cameroon, as its production has the potential to improve food security, as well as income stability for small-scale subsistence farming communities. Most studies on Tomato seed have focused on its response to environmental variations but there exist inadequate information on a comparative study of the use of formal and informal seed systems. This study was thus aimed at assessing the production potentials of two tomato seed systems (T1: Informal seeds, T2: Formal non-hybrid seeds and T3: formal hybrid seeds). Randomized Complete Block Design was used, with three treatments replicated thrice. A sample size of 20 plants were randomly selected from each experimental unit for data collection. T3 had the highest % germination (93%), while T2 had the least (72%). 4WAP, T3 had the tallest plants (69.53 ± 3.07 cm) and T2 had the shortest (50.03 ± 4.31cm), while T1 had the highest girth (8.40±0.75cm) and produced the most leaves (35.93± 6.14). T1 produced the most flowers (73.83 flowers) while T2 and T3 produced 19.83 and 62.93 flowers respectively with T1 producing the most fruits 27.6 as opposed to 4.23 fruits for T3 and 24.43 fruits for T2. T2 had a fruit weight 0.09 ± 0.14 Kg when compared to T1 (6.35 ± 5.67 Kg) and T2 (6.04 ± 4.29) with T1 having the highest fruit diameter (34.97 ± 3.54mm) and highest yield per ha (18.16 ± 16.20 ton/ha). In this studies we conclude that the informal seed system performed better germination percentage, growth and yield component than the formal seed system of tomato.
Value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Children with Congenital Heart Disease Associated- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hassan Hassnaa Atef , Elmeazawy Rehab , Hodeib Hossam , Amrousy Doaa El 
Published: January 2024

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) commonly occurs as a consequence following untreated congenital heart disease (CHD). It’s often related to high morbidity and mortality rates. The work was aimed at assessing the RDW measurements in children who had PAH-CHD.
Methods: Thirty children who have PAH-CHD took part in this study. Electrocardiography and echocardiographic evaluation were applied to all participants. RDW, a parameter included in complete blood count, was measured.
Results: Our study involved thirty children. Up to 53.3% of them were males, whose age varied between three months and twelve months with median of 5 months. The optimal cutoff RDW measurement reached 17.0% (mean); a significant relation between RDW level and low oxygen saturation was reported (p=0.02), right ventricular fractional area change (p=0.023), and left ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.13).
Conclusion: RDW, a parameter included in the standard complete blood count, showed a sagnificant elevation in children who had PAH-CHD children. In addition, it was significantly correlated with hypoxia and right ventricular fractional area change and left ventricular ejection fraction.
Streptococcus gordonii: A Rare Cause of Infective Endocarditis with High Embolic Potential Revealed by Febrile Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Charfo M  , Afendi L  , Belmalyani R  , Errami A  , Haboub M  , Drighil A  
Published: January 2024

Infective endocarditis is a relatively rare disease which, despite today's advances in diagnosis and treatment, is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Staphylococci and streptococci head the list of causative organisms. Few cases of Streptococcus gordonii endocarditis have been reported in the literature.
We report the case of a 34-year-old man with no previous history of S. gordonii IE, responsible for multiple systemic embolisms in addition to valvular lesions.