bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of sodiated glycerol phosphatidylcholine phospholipids by mass spectrometry
Authors: Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário M. , Amado Francisco M. L. , Ferrer‐Correia A. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the positive mode was used for the characterization of sodiated glycerol phosphatidylcholines. The relative abundance (RA) of the protonated species is similar to the RA of the sodiated molecular species. The sodiated fragment ion, [M + Na − 59]+, corresponding to the loss of trimethylamine, and other sodiated fragment ions, were also observed. The decomposition of the sodiated molecule is very similar for all the studied glycerol phosphatidylcholines, in which the most abundant ion corresponds to a neutral loss of 59 Da. Upon collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the [M + Na]+ ion informative ions are formed by the losses of the fatty acids in the sn‐1 and sn‐2 positions. Other major fragment ions of the sodiated molecule result from loss of non‐sodiated and sodiated choline phosphate, [M + Na − 183]+, [M + Na − 184]+· and [M + Na − 205]+, respectively. The main CID fragmentation pathway of the [M + Na − 59]+ ion yields the [M + Na − 183]+ ion, also observed in the CID spectra of the [M + Na]+ molecular ion. Other major fragment ions are [M + Na − 205]+ and the fragment ion at m/z 147. Collisional activation of [M + Na − 205]+ results in charge site remote fragmentation of both fatty acid alkyl chains. The terminal ions of these series of charge remote fragmentations result from loss of part of the R1 or R2 alkyl chain. Other major informative ions correspond to acylium ions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry of terpene lactones in plasma of volunteers dosed with Ginkgo biloba L. extracts
Authors: Mauri Pierluigi , Simonetti Paolo , Gardana Claudio , Minoggio Markus , Morazzoni Paolo , Bombardelli Ezio , Pietta Piergiorgio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLiquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI‐ITMS) was applied to evaluate the levels of ginkgolides A and B and bilobalide in plasma of volunteers after administration of Ginkgo biloba extracts in free (Ginkgoselect®) or phospholipid complex (Ginkgoselect® Phytosome®) forms, providing 9.6 mg of total terpene lactones. The maximum plasma concentrations, Cmax, of total ginkgolides A, B and bilobalide were 85.0 and 181.8 µg/mL for Ginkgoselect and Ginkgoselect Phytosome, respectively. The Cmax values were reached at 120 min for the free form and at 180–240 min for the phospholipid complex form. In both cases, the mean elimination half‐life of each terpene lactone was in the range 120–180 min. Due to its sensitivity (about 1 ng/mL) and specificity, LC/APCI‐ITMS proved to be a very powerful tool for pharmacokinetic studies of these phytochemicals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Error magnification factors in the isotopic analysis of oxygen as O: possibility of determining true isotopic abundance ratios
Authors: Datta B. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe simultaneous determination of the 17O/16O abundance ratio (Y) and 18O/16O ratio (Z) as $\hbox{\bf O}_{\bf2}^{+}$ is carried out by solving a set of equations:

where Ri's are the measured abundance ratios of chosen pairs (say, j and k) of isotopic $\hbox{\bf O}_{\bf 2}^{+}$ ions. The measured ratios (Rj and Rk) are always subject to some errors (δj and δk), and hence the corresponding results of analysis (solutions: Y and Z) will inevitably be at errors (δY and δZ). Recently, we have shown that the errors δY and δZ are always expected to be different from those of the experimental errors δj and δk, and are correlated as:

where the parameter $\hbox{\bf[REMF]}_{\bf jk}^{\bf E}$ is referred to as the relative error magnification factor of analysis. This work investigates the parameters $\hbox{\bf[REMF]}_{\bf jk}^{\bf Y}$ and $\hbox{\bf[REMF]}_{\bf jk}^{\bf Z}$ (the error magnification factors in determining the oxygen isotopic ratios, Y and Z simultaneously, as $\hbox{\bf O}_{\bf 2}^{+}$), which control, for any given values of δj and δk, the achievable accuracy of the desired results (determined values of Y and Z). The variations of the REMFs as a function of the choice of isotopic molecular pairs j and k, and/or some other parameters, are evaluated and presented.The studies predict that although, depending on different possible parameters of analysis, the REMFs can have any values between 0 and (almost) ∞, it should not be at all difficult in case of a real analysis to pre‐select the analytical conditions so that the REMFs take roughly the desired values (i.e. ≤1). It is shown further that, compared to some other molecular species of oxygen such as the $\hbox{\bf CO}_{\bf 2}^{+}$ ions which are more commonly used than the $\hbox{\bf O}_{\bf2}^{+}$ ions themselves as the monitor species for the isotopic analysis of oxygen, the $\hbox{\bf O}_{\bf 2}^{+}$ ions have better properties as the required monitors ions (i.e. $\{\hbox{\bf [REMF]}_{{\bf O}_{2}^{+}}^{\bf E}\} < \{\hbox{\bf [REMF]}_{{\bf CO}_{\bf 2}^{+}}^{\bf E}\}$). Also, choice of the $\hbox{\bf O}_{\bf 2}^{+}$ ions as the monitors (j and k) is expected to yield results close to the true isotopic composition of the analyte oxygen, i.e. it is predicted to be possible in practice to achieve both $\hbox{\bf [REMF]}_{{\bf O}_{\bf 2}^{+}}^{\rm Y}$ and $\hbox{\bf [REMF]}_{{\bf O}_{\bf2}^{+}}^{\bf Z}$ substantially less than unity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematic design of a humanoid robot wrist
Authors: Schäfer Christian , Dillmann Rüdiger 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a new kinematic model of the human wrist is developed and compared to existing robot wrists. A
detailed analysis of the motion of the involved carpus bones indicates the position and orientation of the motion
axes. Approximations are made to approach a technical feasible model, on the one hand, but to preserve functional
characteristics on the other hand. For the mathematical description, screw theory and the
product‐of‐exponentials method are applied. Characteristic parameters of the model are identified and
quantitative values for a typical person proposed. Finally, similarities between existing robot wrists and the
model are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of random LC tries
Authors: Devroye Luc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLC tries were introduced by Andersson and Nilsson in 1993. They are compacted versions of tries or patricia tries in which, from the top down, maximal height complete subtrees are level compressed. Andersson and Nilsson (1993) showed that for i.i.d. uniformly distributed input strings, the expected depth of the LC patricia trie is Θ(log* n). In this article, we refine and extend this result. We analyze both kinds of LC tries for the uniform model, and study the depth of a typical node and the height Hn. For example, we show that Hn is in probability asymptotic to log2 n and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt{2 \log_2 n}$\end{document} for the LC trie and the LC patricia trie, respectively, and that for both the tries, the depth of a typical node is asymptotic to log*(n) in probability and in expectation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 19: 359–375, 2001
Noncrossing trees are almost conditioned Galton–Watson trees
Authors: Marckert Jean‐François , Panholzer Alois 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA noncrossing tree (NC‐tree) is a tree drawn on the plane having as vertices a set of points on the boundary of a circle, and whose edges are straight line segments that do not cross. In this article, we show that NC‐trees with size n are conditioned Galton–Watson trees. As corollaries, we give the limit law of depth‐first traversal processes and the limit profile of NC‐trees. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 20, 115–125, 2002
Reform Japanese style: Voyage into an unknown and chaotic future
Authors: Ogawa Masakata 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article critically examines the ongoing revisions of school education in Japan in general, and of science education and science teacher education in particular. One of the major issues is that the revision policy does not necessarily reflect another emergent national policy, namely: “science and technology as Japan's survival strategy.” The reasons why such a discrepancy between two national policies has happened are investigated from sociocultural viewpoints. The policymakers realize that the school education system in Japan is now in a crisis, as almost all social institutions of traditional Japan society—family, rural communities, and schools—are collapsing, and their educational roles and functions are being lost. Thus, the top priority in the revision of school education is how to recover such educational roles and functions within school settings. So far, the revisions in science education have been unsatisfactory. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 85:586–606, 2001.
A layout adjustment problem for disjoint rectangles preserving orthogonal order
Authors: Hayashi Kunihiko , Inoue Michiko , Masuzawa Toshimitsu , Fujiwara Hideo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study considers a set of n rectangles arranged on a plane, and, in particular, the problem of modifying the initial layout within a minimum area while meeting certain conditions, namely, preservation of orthogonal order and prevention of intersection between rectangles. A heuristic algorithm for this problem with O(n2) complexity was proposed by Misue and colleagues. First, the problem of minimum‐area layout adjustment is shown to be NP‐complete. Then, another heuristic algorithm is examined that results in smaller layout area than that of Misue and colleagues. Using computational experiments with random initial layouts, the proposed algorithm is proven to require 15 to 20% of the area required by the Misue algorithm, especially with a large number of rectangles. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 33(2): 31–42, 2002
Constrained sintering of glass, glass–ceramic and ceramic coatings on metal substrates
Authors: Calata Jesus Noel , Lu Guo‐Quan , Chuang Tze‐Jer 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany applications now use different materials that are fabricated into structures to obtain the desired combination of properties or to suit particular needs. Ceramics and glasses often are combined with metallic materials for applications in the field of electronics, for insulation and chemical resistance and for improved structural performance such as in composites. One common method of fabricating such structures is by firing coatings and films onto substrates. To obtain usable and reliable components several issues need to be addressed. Two of them—the effect of constraint on the densification and interfacial adhesion—are addressed in this paper. Measurements of densification of some glasses and ceramics showed that the densification rate is reduced by substrate constraint and the effect is more pronounced on crystalline materials than glass. Good adhesion between the coatings and metal substrates also required modifications to the substrate surface to enhance bonding. For coatings sintered onto substrates, such modifications resulted in better bonding. Good adhesion between borosilicate glass and stainless steel was obtained by roughening and preoxidation of the substrate. A very strong adhesion also was obtained between cordierite glass–ceramic and molybdenum substrate after depositing chromium/nickel or chromium/copper layers on the substrate as adhesion layers before coating. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIMS backside depth profiling of ultrashallow implants using silicon‐on‐insulator substrates
Authors: Yeo K. L. , Wee A. T. S. , Liu R. , Ng C. M. , See A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) backside depth profiling for ultrashallow implants using silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) wafers for substrate thinning. The SOI layer, after removal of the buried oxide layer, provides a smooth and flat surface for high‐resolution SIMS depth profiling from the backside. The dopant distribution of 0.5 keV boron implants (5 × 1014 atoms cm−2) was studied by performing both front and backside depth profiling using 0.5–5 keV O2+ primary ions at oblique incidence in a Cameca IMS‐6f SIMS instrument, with and without sample rotation. The backside depth profiles give significant improvement in depth resolution compared with conventional frontside SIMS depth profiling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of angiographic techniques in the preoperative staging and management of gastrointestinal neoplasms
Authors: de Caro Giovanni , Cittadini Giuseppe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGastrointestinal neoplasms are very common diseases, and their management does not usually require angiography for diagnostic and staging purposes. However, angiography may be required for further refinements in staging of vascular involvement or to obtain a detailed preoperative anatomy of the vessels. Finally, angiographic techniques may be useful for palliative or preoperative locoregional chemotherapy, and to treat hemorrhagic complications. This article reviews the capabilities and limits of angiographic techniques in the assessment and management of tumors of the alimentary tract. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 20:130– 133, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design, validation, and use of an evaluation instrument for monitoring systemic reform
Authors: Scantlebury Kathryn , Boone William , Kahle Jane Butler , Fraser Barry J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOver the past decade, state and national policymakers have promoted systemic reform as a way to achieve high‐quality science education for all students. However, few instruments are available to measure changes in key dimensions relevant to systemic reform such as teaching practices, student attitudes, or home and peer support. Furthermore, Rasch methods of analysis are needed to permit valid comparison of different cohorts of students during different years of a reform effort. This article describes the design, development, validation, and use of an instrument that measures student attitudes and several environment dimensions (standards‐based teaching, home support, and peer support) using a three‐step process that incorporated expert opinion, factor analysis, and item response theory. The instrument was validated with over 8,000 science and mathematics students, taught by more than 1,000 teachers in over 200 schools as part of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of Ohio's systemic reform initiative. When the new four‐factor, 20‐item questionnaire was used to explore the relative influence of the class, home, and peer environment on student achievement and attitudes, findings were remarkably consistent across 3 years and different units and methods of analysis. All three environments accounted for unique variance in student attitudes, but only the environment of the class accounted for unique variance in student achievement. However, the class environment (standards‐based teaching practices) was the strongest independent predictor of both achievement and attitude, and appreciable amounts of the total variance in attitudes were common to the three environments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 646–662, 2001
Improving call admission control procedures by using hand‐off rate information
Authors: Bartolini Novella , Chlamtac Imrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper introduces a general decision model, in the shape of a Markov Decision Process, as an instrument to analytically compare the behavior of call admission control policies. This approach allows the study of a wide class of policies, including well‐known pure stationary as well as randomized policies, in a way that explicitly incorporates the dependency between the hand‐off rate and the system state, assuming that the hand‐off rate arriving to a cell is proportional to the occupancy level of the adjacent cells. In particular, some well‐known non‐preemptive prioritization schemes are analyzed, including the Cutoff Priority Policy (CPP), which consists of reserving a number of channels for the high priority requests stream. Using our analytical approach, we prove the optimality of CPP within the analyzed class. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of oxidation states of aluminium, silicon and sulfur
Authors: Perino Ernesto , Deluigi María Torres , Olsina Roberto , Riveros José Alberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe lines of the emission spectra originating from vacancies in deep atomic shells change if the elements are in different oxidation states. These changes are shown in this paper, and also the influence that they may have on the calibration of wavelength‐dispersive spectrometers and, in consequence, on quantitative analysis by XRF or EPMA. Also, these changes prove to be useful in identifying and, in some cases, quantifying phases in different oxidation states. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquaporin in Candida: characterization of a functional water channel protein
Authors: Carbrey Jennifer M. , Cormack Brendan P. , Agre Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Candida albicans genome database contains one ORF with homology to aquaporins, AQY1. Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA encoding C. albicans Aqy1p displayed a coefficient of water permeability (Pf) that was equivalent to the Pf for oocytes injected with the cRNA of S. cerevisiae Aqy1p. In addition, as seen in Saccharomyces for Aqy1p and Aqy2p, deletion of AQY1 in C. albicans resulted in cells that were less sensitive than wild‐type to osmotic shock. In Saccharomyces, aquaporin null cells also have a cell surface that is more hydrophobic. However, unlike Saccharomyces, there was no effect on the cell surface hydrophobicity, flocculation or cell aggregation in aqy1 null C. albicans cells. Perhaps as a result, there was no difference between the virulence of C. albicans wild‐type and aqy1 null strains in a murine model for systemic candidiasis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic functional analysis of six unknown open reading frames from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: four from chromosome VII and two from chromosome XV
Authors: Pearson Bruce M. , Schweizer Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSix open reading frames (ORFs) of unknown function from Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the left arms of chromosomes VII and XV were disrupted by the short‐flanking homology method in the diploid strains FY1679 and CENPK2. In each case, the entire ORF, with the exception of the first nucleotide of the start codon, was eliminated and replaced by the kanMX4 cassette. Correct integration of the disrupting marker was checked by colony PCR of the geneticin (G418)‐resistant transformants. Sporulation followed by tetrad dissection of the diploids revealed that none of the ORFs encoded a product essential for the viability of either yeast strain. The neutral effect of these disruptions extended to mating and sporulation, since it was possible to create homozygous diploid disruptants that were capable of sporulation. Basic phenotypic analysis was carried out on all strains by growing them on three different media at three different temperatures and revealed no significant differences between disruptants and the parental strains. A cognate clone and a kanMX4 disruption cassette were created for five of the six ORFs by gap repair with specific long‐flanking homology cassettes. For experimental reasons, the cognate clone and disruption cassette corresponding to the sixth ORF (YGL161w) had to be created by PCR. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einstein manifolds with convex boundaries
Authors: Schlenker Jean-Marc 
Published: August 2002

Let

({\rm M, \partial M})

be a compact

m+1

-manifold with boundary with an Einstein metric

g_0

, with

\mathrm{ric}_{g_0} = -mg_0

and with pinched negative curvature, such that

\partial {\rm M}

is convex and umbilical. Let

h_0

be the induced metric on

\partial {\rm M}

. Then any metric close enough to

h_0

is induced on

\partial {\rm M}

by an Einstein metric

g

with

\mathrm{ric}_g = -mg

on

\rm M

. A similar (but slightly weaker) result applies to Ricci-flat manifolds.

Résumé.

Soit

({\rm M, \partial M})

und

m+1

-variété compacte à bord, munie d'une métrique d'Einstein

g_0

, avec

\mathrm{ric}_{g_0} = -mg_0

et à courbure négative pincée, telle que

\partial {\rm M}

est convexe et ombilique. Soit

h_0

la métrique induite sur

\partial {\rm M}

. Alors toute métrique susamment proche de

h_0

est induite sur

\partial {\rm M}

par une métrique d'Einstein

g

avec

\mathrm{ric}_g= -mg

sur

\rm M

. Un résultat similaire (un peu plus faible) s'applique aux variétés Ricci-plates.
Synovial Fluid Analysis in Cattle: A Review of 130 Cases
Authors: Rohde Carsten , Anderson David E. , Desrochers André , St‐Jean Guy , Hull Bruce L. , Rings D. Michael 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To compare synovial fluid characteristics of cattle with infectious and noninfectious arthritis.Study Design—Retrospective cohort study.Animal or Sample Population—130 cattle.Methods—Synovial fluid was analyzed for total nucleated cell count (NCC), absolute number and percentages of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear cells, total protein (TP) concentration, and specific gravity. Cattle were categorized as having infectious or noninfectious arthritis based on physical and lameness examinations, joint radiographs, and microbial culture results. Kruskal‐Wallis 1‐way analysis of variance was used to compare synovial fluid analysis data from different categories. Selection of cut‐off values for the calculation of likelihood ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was based on examination of the distribution of the data using histograms.Results—Cattle with infectious arthritis had significantly higher numbers of total NNC, PMN cells, TP concentration, and specific gravity (P= .0001) and a significantly higher percentage of PMN cells compared with cattle with noninfectious arthritis (P= .0001). The percentage of mononuclear cells was significantly higher in cattle with noninfectious arthritis (P= .0001).Conclusions—Synovial fluid analysis is useful for differentiation of infectious and noninfectious causes of joint disease in cattle.Clinical Relevance—Cattle with a synovial fluid total NCC > 25,000 cells/μL, a PMN cell count > 20,000 cells/μL or more than 80% PMN cells, and TP > 4.5g/dL should be considered to have infectious arthritis.