bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of electrical performance and assessment of aging state for retired high-voltage cable accessory insulation
Authors: Yu Shihu , Yu Xin , Peng Xiangyang , Fan Yazhou , Chen Yikai , Zeng Xin , Wang Haozhou , Chen Shuyu , Ren Chengyan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cable accessories constitute a vulnerable element and are prone to failures in the operation of power transmission lines. To investigate the changes in the electrical performance and aging state of high-voltage cable accessories with different operating time, the volume resistivity, breakdown electric field, dielectric constant, and trap parameters of insulation samples taken from retired cable accessories were characterized. The results indicate that there is a certain correlation between the macroscopic dielectric characteristics of cable accessory insulation and its aging state. With the increase of operating time, the volume resistivity and breakdown electric field decrease, while the dielectric constant initially increases and then decreases. The trap distribution of cable accessory insulation can effectively reflect its aging state. With the increase of operating time, the trap energy levels of the accessory insulation become shallower, and the trap density increases. The trap results of the accessory insulation show good consistency with the resistivity and breakdown field strength. Clustering analysis is also used to classify the test data, and the results validate that the trap energy levels and trap density of the insulation samples have better correlation with the insulation aging state of cable accessories than macroscopic dielectric parameters.
Phase field simulating grain refinement of magnesium alloy by thin strip second phase particles
Authors: Zhao Daowen , Wu Yan , Xiong Jinlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study has investigated the grain growth of AZ31 magnesium alloy matrix with fine strip second phase particles, by the phase field model in the real space and time, through introducing free energy equation, and compared with the simulated results containing spherical particles. The results showed that both the thin strip ellipsoidal particles and the cuboid particles have grain refinement effect on the microstructure, moreover, when the content of the second phase particles is the same, the refining effect of thin strip particles could be better than the spherical particles on the matrix microstructure. This study provides the real scale phase field models to research the grain refinement by second phase particles.
Design of Nupix-A2, a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor for heavy-ion physics
Authors: Huang J. , He R. , Niu X. , Han W. , Yin R. , Wang Q. , Liao J. , Yang P. , Zhou W. , Tian Y. , Wang Y. , Fu F. , Cao B. , Yang H. , Zhang H. , Liao S. , Li X. , Zhao C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is being constructed to generate intense beams of primary and radioactive ion for a wide range of research fields. Hence, a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) named Nupix-A2 has been developed in a 130-nm High Resistivity CMOS process. The Nupix-A2 can simultaneously measure the particle hit' energy, arrival time, and position. It consists of a 128 × 128 pixel array, a digital-to-analog converter array, and a digital control module. The Nupix-A2 can measure energy deposition from 300 e- to over 50 ke- and time duration from 13 μs to 140 μs. This sensor also offers full readout mode and fast readout mode. In full-readout mode, all pixels measure arrival time and energy, suitable for real-time beam monitoring and image reconstruction. In fast-readout mode, only particle hit's positions are detected and read out. This paper presents the design of the Nupix-A2.
If you build it, will they come? Insect community responses to habitat establishment at solar energy facilities in Minnesota, USA
Authors: Walston Leroy J , Hartmann Heidi M , Fox Laura , Macknick Jordan , McCall James , Janski Jake , Jenkins Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Global declines in insect populations have important implications for biodiversity and food security. To offset these declines, habitat restoration and enhancement in agricultural landscapes could mutually safeguard insect populations and their pollination services for crop production. The expansion of utility-scale solar energy development in agricultural landscapes presents an opportunity for the dual use of the land for energy production and biodiversity conservation through the establishment of grasses and forbs planted among and between the photovoltaic solar arrays (‘solar-pollinator habitat’). We conducted a longitudinal field study across 5 years (2018–2022) to understand how insect communities responded to newly established habitat on solar energy facilities in agricultural landscapes by evaluating (1) temporal changes in flowering plant abundance and diversity; (2) temporal changes in insect abundance and diversity; and (3) the pollination services of solar-pollinator habitat by comparing pollinator visitation to agricultural fields near solar-pollinator habitat with other agricultural field locations. We found increases over time for all habitat and biodiversity metrics: floral rank, flowering plant species richness, insect group diversity, native bee abundance, and total insect abundance, with the most noticeable temporal increases in native bee abundance. We also found positive effects of proximity to solar-pollinator habitat on bee visitation to nearby soybean (Glycine max) fields. Bee visitation to soybean flowers adjacent to solar-pollinator habitat were comparable to bee visitation to soybeans adjacent to grassland areas enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program, and greater than bee visitation to soybean field interior and roadside soybean flowers. Our observations highlight the relatively rapid (<4 year) insect community responses to grassland restoration activities and provide support for solar-pollinator habitat as a feasible conservation practice to safeguard biodiversity and increase food security in agricultural landscapes.
Widespread deepening of the active layer in northern permafrost regions from 2003 to 2020
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Kimball John S , Ballantyne Ashley , Watts Jennifer D , Natali Susan M , Rogers Brendan M , Yi Yonghong , Klene Anna E , Moghaddam Mahta , Du Jinyang , Zona Donatella 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The changing thermal state of permafrost is an important indicator of climate change in northern high latitude ecosystems. The seasonally thawed soil active layer thickness (ALT) overlying permafrost may be deepening as a consequence of enhanced polar warming and widespread permafrost thaw in northern permafrost regions (NPRs). The associated increase in ALT may have cascading effects on ecological and hydrological processes that impact climate feedback. However, past NPR studies have only provided a limited understanding of the spatially continuous patterns and trends of ALT due to a lack of long-term high spatial resolution ALT data across the NPR. Using a suite of observational biophysical variables and machine learning (ML) techniques trained with available in situ ALT network measurements (n = 2966 site-years), we produced annual estimates of ALT at 1 km resolution over the NPR from 2003 to 2020. Our ML-derived ALT dataset showed high accuracy (R
2 = 0.97) and low bias when compared with in situ ALT observations. We found the ALT distribution to be most strongly affected by local soil properties, followed by topographic elevation and land surface temperatures. Pair-wise site-level evaluation between our data-driven ALT with Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring data indicated that about 80% of sites had a deepening ALT trend from 2003 to 2020. Based on our long-term gridded ALT data, about 65% of the NPR showed a deepening ALT trend, while the entire NPR showed a mean deepening trend of 0.11 ± 0.35 cm yr−1 [25%–75% quantile: (−0.035, 0.204) cm yr−1]. The estimated ALT trends were also sensitive to fire disturbance. Our new gridded ALT product provides an observationally constrained, updated understanding of the progression of thawing and the thermal state of permafrost in the NPR, as well as the underlying environmental drivers of these trends.
A top-down estimation of subnational CO2 budget using a global high-resolution inverse model with data from regional surface networks
Authors: Nayagam Lorna , Maksyutov Shamil , Oda Tomohiro , Janardanan Rajesh , Trisolino Pamela , Zeng Jiye , Kaiser Johannes W , Matsunaga Tsuneo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Top-down approaches, such as atmospheric inversions, are a promising tool for evaluating emission estimates based on activity-data. In particular, there is a need to examine carbon budgets at subnational scales (e.g. state/province), since this is where the climate mitigation policies occur. In this study, the subnational scale anthropogenic CO2 emissions are estimated using a high-resolution global CO2 inverse model. The approach is distinctive with the use of continuous atmospheric measurements from regional/urban networks along with background monitoring data for the period 2015–2019 in global inversion. The measurements from several urban areas of the U.S., Europe and Japan, together with recent high-resolution emission inventories and data-driven flux datasets were utilized to estimate the fossil emissions across the urban areas of the world. By jointly optimizing fossil fuel and natural fluxes, the model is able to contribute additional information to the evaluation of province–scale emissions, provided that sufficient regional network observations are available. The fossil CO2 emission estimates over the U.S. states such as Indiana, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Virginia and Maryland were found to have a reasonable agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inventory, and the model corrects the emissions substantially towards the EPA estimates for California and Indiana. The emission estimates over the United Kingdom, France and Germany are comparable with the regional inventory TNO–CAMS. We evaluated model estimates using independent aircraft observations, while comparison with the CarbonTracker model fluxes confirms ability to represent the biospheric fluxes. This study highlights the potential of the newly developed inverse modeling system to utilize the atmospheric data collected from the regional networks and other observation platforms for further enhancing the ability to perform top-down carbon budget assessment at subnational scales and support the monitoring and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
Positive Hamiltonians cannot give exponential decay of positive observables
Authors: Facchi Paolo , Lonigro Davide 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The survival probability of a quantum system with a finite ground energy is known to decay subexponentially at large times. Here we show that, under the same assumption, the average value of any quantum observable, whenever well-defined, cannot converge exponentially to an extremal value of the spectrum of the observable. Large-time deviations from the exponential decay are therefore a general feature of quantum systems. As a simple application of these results, we show that, when considering an open quantum system whose dynamics is generated by a Hamiltonian with a finite ground energy, a large-time exponential decay of populations is forbidden, whereas coherences may still decay exponentially.
Absence of logarithmic enhancement in the entanglement scaling of free fermions on folded cubes
Authors: Bernard Pierre-Antoine , Mann Zachary , Parez Gilles , Vinet Luc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the scaling behavior of the ground-state entanglement entropy in a model of free fermions on folded cubes. An analytical expression is derived in the large-diameter limit, revealing a strict adherence to the area law. The absence of the logarithmic enhancement expected for free fermions is explained using a decomposition of folded cubes in chains based on its Terwilliger algebra and

s
o

(
3

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−
1

. The entanglement Hamiltonian and its relation to Heun operators are also investigated.
Attaining the maximum Bose–Einstein condensation in a finite-size hard-core boson model
Authors: Ríos Elías , Schneider David M , Capuzzi Pablo , Alcoba Diego R , Oña Ofelia B , Torre Alicia , Lain Luis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a model for hard-core bosons in a lattice which allows to achieve the optimal occupation number predicted by Tennie et al (2017 Phys. Rev. B
96 064502) for a finite number of sites. The model is based on an extension of the Hamiltonian of the so-called Hubbard star, whose quantum properties are studied by means of quantum information descriptors such as the von Neumann entropy and the mutual information. These metrics are analyzed as a function of the one- and two-particle reduced density matrices, allowing to explore the relationship between condensation and entanglement by means of a control parameter that, under a given limit, connects our findings with previous results. All developments comprised in this article have been derived by analytical methods.
First results of CO2 dispersion interferometer on EAST tokamak
Authors: LIU 刘 Yuyang 郁阳 , LI 李 Weiming 维明 , YAO 姚 Yuan 远 , ZHANG 张 Yao 耀 , ZHANG 张 Jiamin 家敏 , LIAN 连 Hui 辉 , HONG 洪 Bo 博 , WANG 王 Shouxin 守信 , JIE 揭 Yinxian 银先 , LIU 刘 Haiqing 海庆 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A dispersion interferometer (DI) has been installed and operates on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). This DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3 μm CO2 laser source to measure line-averaged electron densities accurately. In contrast to conventional interferometers, the DI does not require substantial vibration isolations or compensating systems to reduce the impact of vibrations in the optical path. It also employs a ratio of modulation amplitudes, ensuring it remains immune to the variations in detected intensities. Without a variation compensation system, the DI system on EAST reaches a density resolution of less than 1.8 × 10−2π rad and a temporal resolution of 20 μs. The measurements made by the POlarimeter-INTerferometer (POINT) system and the far-infrared hydrogen cyanide (HCN) interferometer are remarkably consistent with the DI’s results. The possibility of fringe jumps and the impact of refraction in high-density discharge can be significantly decreased using a shorter wavelength laser source. A rapid density change of 3 × 1019 m−3 during 0.15 s has been measured accurately in shot No. 114755 of EAST. Additionally, the DI system demonstrates dependability and stability under 305 s long-pulse discharges in shot No. 122054.
Who was Horace?
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter illustrates Horace’s extensive influence on the modern world before offering a succinct narrative of his life, the son of an ex-slave who somehow managed to enjoy the best education available in Rome, culminating in ‘higher education’ in Athens—where, however, contemporary upheavals caught up with him in the shape of Marcus Brutus, the assassin of Julius Caesar. Horace joined Brutus’ army and experienced the brutal conflict at Philippi, before returning to Rome with clipped wings and embarking on his poetic career. Remarks follow on the traditional character of Roman poetry, and also the inherent alienness to modern sensibilities of important aspects of Horace’s poetry. This poet was adopted as something approaching the voice of modern Europe, yet he originated in a culture fundamentally different from those modern societies.
Epodes
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains the nature of the ‘iambic’ poetry in the Epodes, a poetry of abuse with models in the Greek poets Hipponax and especially Archilochus (the latter in the 7th century bce). The association of iambic poetry with the symposium, a Greek male social gathering, is considered, and its aggressive representation of women: the point is made how selective a reading of Horace is required to produce the model of middle-aged poise and wisdom that is his modern reputation. But the high capacity of this poetry to convey the tense and febrile conditions of Rome at the time of its publication, in the immediate context of the critical battle of Actium, is also observed.
Journey to the centre of the universe
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental particles of matter and their role in building the universe at large. It tackles the discovery of a particle called the Higgs boson, which was discovered by CERN, a particle physics laboratory in Geneva. The discovery of the Higgs boson confirms that the world is immersed in an all-pervading field, which moulds the interactions of fundamental particles and gives rise to structures. The chapter details the characteristics and inner structure of atoms, which are known to be the smallest piece of an element that can exist. It also elaborates on several forces of Nature, such as gravity and electric and magnetic forces.
How we learn what things are made of, and what we found
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter details the inner structure of atoms that concerns electrons, nuclear particles, and quarks. It explains how viewing, heating, and breaking an object to find out what something is made of requires energy. One of the great discoveries in quantum theory was that particles can have wavelike character, and waves can act like staccato bundles of particles, known as quanta. The chapter also considers the correlation between temperature and wavelength, which explains how bodies at different temperatures will tend to radiate at different wavelengths. It also looks into the result of heavy and light objects hitting light and heavy targets respectively.
The heart of the matter
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the roles, masses, and properties of quarks, electrons, and radioactivity in making life. It notes the discovery of atomic structure, protons, and quarks as a result of scattering beams of high-energy particles. Three quarks, which have different electrical charges, clustered together are sufficient to make a proton or a neutron. The neutron has no electrical charge overall, but its quarks give it a magnetic moment. Electric charge is preserved in the beta decay of a neutron as the proton has one unit positive, counterbalancing the negative electron. The chapter also looks into the occurrence of quarks and electrons in mirror form through antiparticles, which are also the seeds of antimatter.
Accelerators: cosmic and man-made
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the development of cosmic and man-made accelerators. It explains that electrically charged particles are accelerated by electric forces, and how applying enough electric force to an electron will allow that electron to go faster and faster in a straight line. The idea of creating a ring-shaped accelerator originated with Ernest Lawrence, who used a magnetic field to bend the particles into a circular orbit. The chapter then details the function of the Large Hadron Collider, Stanford Linear Accelerator, Cosmotron, and cyclotron. It notes how the difference between matter and antimatter resulted in the interest in the properties of strange particles and antiparticles called kaons.
Detectors: cameras and time machines
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the evolution of detectors that ranged between cameras and time machines. The cloud chamber was the first detector capable of revealing trails of charged particles. In the late 1940s, high-quality photographic emulsions became available which became the very earliest work on radioactivity and the discovery of X-rays. The chapter looks into the limitations of the bubble chamber and how the spark chamber improved ability to record the trails of particles. It then explains how the origins and nature of matter have depended upon advances in the construction of ever more powerful accelerators and the development of sophisticated means of recording the collisions.
Where has matter come from?
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the origin of matter. It explains how atoms formed inside long-dead stars where they were all cooked from protons, the nuclei of the simplest atomic element, also known as hydrogen. Hydrogen is relatively uncommon on Earth, but is the most common atomic element in the universe at large. The chapter notes how the first part of the solar fusion cycle produces antimatter. It also looks into the process of converting hydrogen to helium in the Sun. The basic pieces of nuclear matter, quarks, emerged from the Big Bang along with electrons, and then the universe rapidly cooled so that the quarks clustered together to form protons.
How to be happy
Authors: Annas Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the ancient philosophy behind happiness. It starts with the Choice of Heracles and the role of Virtue and Pleasure, which is widespread in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Compared to modern discussions of happiness, ancient ethics primarily revolve around the notion of happiness is about having a happy life. The overall end must be complete and self-sufficient in order to be happy. Moreover, pleasure is a short-term joy that only satisfies for a while, while happiness is expected to last for a long time. The chapter then explores the concepts of eudaimonia and hedonism, while also considering how virtue ethics moved to the foreground of contemporary moral thinking.
Logic and reality
Authors: Annas Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the ancient notions of logic and reality. Logic is one of Aristotle’s more impressive achievements after he systematized the notion of valid argument and constructed an extensive logical system. The chapter mentions how students of philosophy in the ancient world could expect to study Aristotelian or Stoic logic unless they were Epicureans. Moreover, the emergence of physics and metaphysics solved several scientific inquiries on nature. The chapter also explores the concept of teleology as presented by Aristotle and Plato. It cites that the legacy of ancient disputes became greatly simplified, explaining how new learning of the Renaissance replaced the system of Aristotelianism.
Intragastric administration of cinnamaldehyde induces changes in body temperature via TRPA1
Authors: Mori Noriyuki , Urata Tomomi 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family, including TRPA1, is known to be involved in temperature sensing and response. Previous studies have shown that intragastric administration of cinnamaldehyde (a typical TRPA1 agonist) can change body temperature, but the role of TRPA1 in this response is not clear. In this study, we found that intragastric administration of cinnamaldehyde increased in the intrascapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and rectal temperatures. However, this effect was not observed in TRPA1 knockout mice, suggesting that TRPA1 is involved in these temperature changes. Intravenous cinnamaldehyde also increased IBAT and rectal temperatures, only in the presence of TRPA1. We also explored the contribution of the vagus nerve to these temperature changes and found that it played a limited role. These results suggest that cinnamaldehyde can affect body temperature through TRPA1 activation, with the vagus nerve having a minor influence.