bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CERCLA Five‐Year Review Process—Lessons Learned at Rocky Mountain Arsenal
Authors: Perkins Scott , Snowhite Lee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs more U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA) remediation sites approach closure, the importance of properly conducting
CERCLA five‐year reviews will increase.Relatively few DOD sites have been subject to a five‐year
review so far, and less than a handful have been subject to a five‐year review under the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) new guidance. Since these reviews are required to
occur at certain sites into the indefinite future, conducting them properly from the outset is critical. The
assumptions and decisions made in conducting the first five‐year review at a given site set the precedent
for future five‐year reviews, and mistakes made in format or content may be perpetuated in subsequent
five‐year reviews. This article provides a detailed accounting of how one of the DOD's largest
cleanup sites, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, conducted its first five‐year review in accordance with the new
EPA guidance. It provides a lesson in cooperation among the DOD; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service;
Shell Oil Company; local, state, and federal regulators; and the public. This article simplifies the
complex process of conducting a five‐year review at a large cleanup site and clarifies objectives.
Finally, the article provides recommendations to help other facilities properly conduct a five‐year
review the first time so the process is simpler in the future. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Composition of the essential oil of Erechtites hieracifolia from Bolivia
Authors: Lorenzo Daniel , Saavedra Gloria , Loayza Ingrid , Dellacassa Eduardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnalysis by GC and GC–MS of the essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Erechtites hieracifolia revealed 22 components (93% of the total composition). The major constituents were found to be α‐pinene, myrcene, (E)‐β‐ocimene, (E)‐caryophyllene and germacrene D; the enantiomeric distribution of α‐pinene, sabinene, β‐pinene, limonene and linalool was studied by multidimensional HRGC–HRGC. The major component was α‐pinene (48%) with an enantiomeric purity of 100% for (1R)‐(+)‐α‐pinene. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile constituents of different plant parts of Chamomilla recutita L. Rausch grown in the Indo‐Gangetic plains
Authors: Das Moumita , Ram Govind , Singh Archana , Mallavarapu Gopal R. , Ramesh Srinivasaiyer , Ram Muni , Kumar Sushil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe composition of the volatile oils obtained from the entire capitula, disc florets, ray florets, leaves, stems and roots of Chamomilla recutita L. Rausch, grown at Lucknow, located in the Indo‐Gangetic plain region in India, have been investigated by GC and GC–MS. A comparative study of oil composition from the capitula, disc florets and ray florets showed that the oils of whole capitula and disc florets contained higher concentrations of 6‐methyl‐hept‐5‐en‐2‐one, Artemisia ketone, (E)‐β‐farnesene, α‐bisabolol oxide B, α‐bisabolol, α‐bisabolol oxide A and (Z)‐en‐yn‐dicycloether than in the oil of ray florets. The oil of ray florets contained higher amounts of linalool, nerol and α‐bisabolone oxide A. The oils of leaves, stems and roots were devoid of chamazulene and a large variation in the composition of these oils was observed. Limonene was found in high concentration in the oil of stems, whereas (E)‐α‐farnesene was present in large amounts in the leaf and root oil. α‐Humulene, hexadec‐11‐yn‐13,15, diene, isophytol and phytol were found for the first time in C. recutita. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of erosion in a two‐way coupled fluid–particle system
Authors: Niu Yang‐Yao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the effects of flow turbulence intensity, temperature, particle sizes and impinging velocity on erosion by particle impact are demonstrated numerically. Underlying turbulent flow on an Eulerian frame is described by the compressible Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a RNG k–ε turbulence model. The particle trajectories and particle–wall interactions are evaluated by a Eulerian–Lagrangian approach in a two‐way coupling system. An erosion model considering material weight removal from surfaces is used to predict erosive wear. Computational validation against measured data is demonstrated satisfactorily. The analysis of erosion shows that the prevention of erosion is enhanced by increasing the effects of flow temperature and turbulence intensity and reducing particle inertial momentum. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An assessment of a parallel, finite element method for three‐dimensional, moving‐boundary flows driven by capillarity for simulation of viscous sintering
Authors: Zhou Hua , Derby Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA parallel, finite element method is presented for the computation of three‐dimensional, free‐surface flows where surface tension effects are significant. The method employs an unstructured tetrahedral mesh, a front‐tracking arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation, and fully implicit time integration. Interior mesh motion is accomplished via pseudo‐solid mesh deformation. Surface tension effects are incorporated directly into the momentum equation boundary conditions using surface identities that circumvent the need to compute second derivatives of the surface shape, resulting in a robust representation of capillary phenomena. Sample results are shown for the viscous sintering of glassy ceramic particles. The most serious performance issue is error arising from mesh distortion when boundary motion is significant. This effect can be severe enough to stop the calculations; some simple strategies for improving performance are tested. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing for (common) stochastic trends in the presence of structural breaks
Authors: Busetti Fabio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of testing for the presence of stochastic trends in multivariate time series with structural breaks. The breakpoints are assumed to be known. The testing framework is the multivariate locally best invariant test and the common trend test of Nyblom and Harvey (2000). The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are derived under a specification of the deterministic component which allows for structural breaks. Asymptotic critical values are provided for the case of a single breakpoint. A modified statistic is then proposed, the asymptotic distribution of which is independent of the breakpoint location and belongs to the Cramér‐von Mises family. This modification is particularly advantageous in the case of multiple breakpoints. It is also shown that the asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are unchanged when seasonal dummy variables and/or weakly dependent exogenous regressors are included. Finally, as an example, the tests are applied to UK macroeconomic data and to data on road casualties in Great Britain. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting multivariate time series with linear restrictions using constrained structural state‐space models
Authors: Pandher Gurupdesh S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for modelling and forecasting multivariate time series with linear restrictions using the constrained structural state‐space framework. The model has natural applications to forecasting time series of macroeconomic/financial identities and accounts. The explicit modelling of the constraints ensures that model parameters dynamically satisfy the restrictions among items of the series, leading to more accurate and internally consistent forecasts. It is shown that the constrained model offers superior forecasting efficiency. A testable identification condition for state space models is also obtained and applied to establish the identifiability of the constrained model. The proposed methods are illustrated on Germany's quarterly monetary accounts data. Results show significant improvement in the predictive efficiency of forecast estimators for the monetary account with an overall efficiency gain of 25% over unconstrained modelling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating Implied PDFs From American Options on Futures: A New Semiparametric Approach
Authors: Flamouris Dimitris , Giamouridis Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article develops a new methodology for estimating implied probability density functions for futures prices from American options. The restricting Black–Scholes assumption of a lognormal distribution for the underlying asset is relaxed with the use of the more flexible distributional form of an Edgeworth series expansion around a lognormal distribution. The model is applied to the crude oil market. The results provide strong evidence that the market consensus can be accurately reflected in the risk‐neutral densities recovered from observed option prices. The recovered distributions are tested and found to differ significantly from a single lognormal distribution. In addition, the recovered distributions are more robust than those recovered with a model, which assumes a mixture of two lognormal distributions. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:1–30, 2002
Valuation and Hedging of Differential Swaps
Authors: Chang Chuang‐Chang , Chung San‐Lin , Yu Min‐Teh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper derives a general‐form formula for pricing and hedging differential swaps with the
principal denominated either in a domestic, foreign, or third‐country currency. We first derive the
formula for differential swaps with the principal in a domestic currency and identify an error in the formula of
Wei (1994). We then show the pricing duality between differential swaps with the principal in a
domestic currency and differential swaps with the principal in a foreign currency. Finally, we complete the
pricing and hedging analysis on differential swaps by deriving a formula for differential swaps with the
principal denominated in a third‐country currency. Simulation results indicate that constant margin rates
are generally smaller than interest rate differentials and decline with the tenor of swaps. Correlation
parameters associated with the exchange rate play a more important role than correlation parameters among
interest rates in pricing differential swaps. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
22:73–94, 2002
The position of pulmonary carcinoids within the spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and other tissues
Authors: Ullmann Reinhard , Petzmann Susanna , Klemen Huberta , Fraire Armando E. , Hasleton Phil , Popper Helmut H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBronchopulmonary carcinoids comprise 25% of all human carcinoids. The World Health Organization divides them into typical (TC) and atypical forms (ATC), distinguished by differences in mitotic counts lower or higher than 2/2 mm2 and the presence or absence of necrosis. The reproducibility of this classification with respect to the borderline cases with 1–2 mitotic counts/2 mm2 has been questioned. We have analyzed 15 TCs and 20 ATCs by comparative genomic hybridization. Loss of 11q was the most frequent aberration in ATC (55%), but was observed only twice in TC (13%). Deletions of 3p were seen only in ATC (25%). Meta‐analysis of our data and data from 218 neuroendocrine tumors and 50 non‐small‐cell lung carcinomas obtained from the literature revealed differences between carcinoids and carcinomas. For example, loss of 5q is frequent in lung carcinomas (75%) but is rarely seen in carcinoids (1.4%). Deletions of 11q are less frequent in neuroendocrine lung carcinomas than in ATC. To obtain a more objective survey of the relationship of pulmonary carcinoids to other neuroendocrine tumors and lung carcinomas, we created a hierarchical clustering dendrogram. This statistical approach resulted in a clear separation of carcinoids and carcinomas, which both built up different clusters. In summary, this study demonstrates the benefit of chromosomal analysis supplementary to the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoids. We also identified the feasibility of hierarchical clustering to get some clues on relationship between different tumor types. This study further argues against a transition of ATC to high‐grade neuroendocrine lung carcinoma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of illegitimate rearrangement within the immunoglobulin locus on 14q32.3 in B‐cell malignancies using end‐sequenced probes
Authors: Poulsen Tim S. , Silahtaroglu Asli N. , Gisselø Claus G. , Gaarsdal Eva , Rasmussen Thomas , Tommerup Niels , Johnsen Hans E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTranslocation involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus is a recurring event in B‐cell oncogenesis. The aim of this study was to characterize clones from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries and/or bacteriophage P1 artificial chromosome libraries spanning the IGH locus for detection of illegitimate rearrangement within the region by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In silico analysis of the IGH variable (IGHV) DNA sequence (NT_001716.v1) was performed to identify BAC probes located within the IGHV cluster. Clones of the constant (IGHC) cluster were found in the literature or at http://www.biologia.uniba.it/rmc/. Validation, orientation, and overlap of these probes were confirmed using interphase‐, metaphase‐, and fiber‐FISH. We have identified seven BAC end‐sequenced probes (3087C18, 47P23, 76N15, 12F16, 101G24, 112H5, and 151B17) covering 612 kb of the distal IGHV cluster, which, together with probes covering the IGHC cluster (11771 and 998D24), could be used in interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosome analysis. A visual split of the IGHV and IGHC clusters indicating a translocation was analyzed by dual‐color FISH in a series of 21 cell lines of different origins. Translocations were found, as expected, in eight of eight myelomas, four of four lymphomas, none of five leukemias, and none of four Epstein‐Barr virus–transformed B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines. To summarize, we have established a set of IGHV and IGHC probes that can be used for universal screening of illegitimate rearrangement within the IGH locus in B‐cell malignancies. These probes allow for routine FISH analysis to detect this early central oncogenic event. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sediments and stratigraphy in rockshelters and caves: A personal perspective on principles and pragmatics
Authors: Farrand William R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOver the last half century the study of rockshelter and cave sediments has evolved from straightforward descriptive analysis to sophisticated examination on several scales—from field observations to bulk laboratory analyses to microscopic examination. Still an integrated theory to guide the interpretation of these analyses does not exist, in part because of the idiosyncratic nature of individual caves and rockshelters. This paper reviews studies that couple field observations with laboratory analyses including particle size, pebble morphology, chemical, and mineralogical studies to provide, first, the necessary basic description of the sediments and, second, an interpretation of the environment of sedimentation. These studies can lead to an understanding of site‐formation processes during human occupation, and eventually to a reconstruction of local and, in some cases, regional paleoclimates. Furthermore, sediment study is essential for intrasite correlation, independent of artifact, faunal, floral, and radiometric techniques. Finally, it is emphasized that close cooperation among sedimentologists, archaeologists, and biological specialists during planning, excavation, and interpretative stages is crucial to a successfully integrated study. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toucan protein is essential for the assembly of syncytial mitotic spindles in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Debec Alain , Grammont Muriel , Berson Guy , Dastugue Bernard , Sullivan William , Couderc Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The toc gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a 235‐kD polypeptide with a coiled‐coil domain, which is highly expressed during oogenesis (Grammont et al., 1997, 2000). We now report the localization of the Toucan protein during early embryonic development. The Toucan protein is present only during the syncytial stages and is associated with the nuclear envelope and the cytoskeletal structures of the syncytial embryo. In anaphase A, Toucan is concentrated at the spindle poles near the minus end of microtubules. This microtubule association is very dynamic during the nuclear cell cycle. Mutant embryos lacking the Toucan protein are blocked in a metaphase‐like state. They display abnormal and nonfunctional spindles, characterized by broad poles, detachment of the centrosomes, and failure of migration of the chromosomes. These results strongly suggest that Toucan represents a factor essential for the assembly and the function of the syncytial mitotic spindles. genesis 31:167–175, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐efficiency gene transfer into adult fish: A new tool to study fin regeneration
Authors: Tawk Marcel , Tuil David , Torrente Yvan , Vriz Sophie , Paulin Denise 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Zebrafish represents an excellent model to study the function of vertebrate genes (e.g., well‐developed genetics, large number of mutants, and genomic sequencing in progress), inasmuch as we have tools to manipulate gene expression. Recent use of injected morpholinos in eggs provides a good method to “ knockdown ” gene expression in early development (Nasevicius and Ekker, 2000), and the “caged” RNA injected in eggs allows to overexpress a gene in a specific set of cells (Ando et al., 2001). However, a method to specifically modify gene expression in the juvenile or in the adult is still missing. Such a method would be a very powerful tool to understand gene function in differentiated tissues. We describe here an electroporation‐based approach, which allows gene transfer in adult tissues. Its efficiency was assessed using a GFP (green fluorescent protein) dependent assay. We then used this method to disrupt the Fgf signalling pathway during the process of regeneration. genesis 32:27–31, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cre/loxP‐deleter transgenic line in mouse strain 129S1/SvImJ
Authors: Tang Shih‐Huey E. , Silva Francisco J. , Tsark Walter M.K. , Mann Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: A Cre recombinase expression cassette was inserted into the X‐linked Hprt locus by gene targeting in a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line isogenic to strain 129S1/SvImJ (129S1), then the transgene was introduced into 129S1 mice through ES cell chimeras. When females hemizygous for this transgene were mated to males carrying a neomycin selection cassette flanked by loxP sites, the cassette was always excised regardless of Cre inheritance and without detectable mosaicism. The usefulness of this “Cre‐deleter” transgenic line is in its efficiency and defined genetic status in terms of mouse strain and location of the transgene. genesis 32:199–202, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct DNA delivery into zebrafish embryos employing tissue culture techniques
Authors: Sussman Raquel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The production of transfected fish embryos requires expertise in injecting the fertilized eggs and/or expensive equipment for electroporation or microprojectiles. This article demonstrates that by exposure to DNA constructs conjugated with transfecting reagents dechorionated Danio rerio embryos are capable of acquiring extracellular DNA and expressing reporter genes. Embryos incubated with pCMVluc complexed with GeneJammer or GenePORTER expressed luciferase 24–48 h after exposure. pCMVGFP DNA mixed with the same agents generated embryos that exhibited differential patterns of expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Embryonic development varied depending on the procedure employed and the reporter gene utilized. Expression of the luciferase gene did not interfere with the subsequent development of the embryos. In contrast, the embryos expressing a high level of GFP were affected, probably due to a very active promoter. These results demonstrate the ease of obtaining transfected fish embryos, which facilitate the mass production of new genotypes and extend the procedure to laboratories with limited resources. genesis 31:1–5, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unified sampling approach for multipoint linkage disequilibrium mapping of qualitative and quantitative traits
Authors: Hsu Fang‐Chi , Liang Kung‐Yee , Beaty Terri H. , Barnes Kathleen C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRapid development in biotechnology has enhanced the opportunity to deal with multipoint gene mapping for complex diseases, and association studies using quantitative traits have recently generated much attention. Unlike the conventional hypothesis‐testing approach for fine mapping, we propose a unified multipoint method to localize a gene controlling a quantitative trait. We first calculate the sample size needed to detect linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) for a quantitative trait, categorized by decile, under three different modes of inheritance. Our results show that sampling trios of offspring and their parents from either extremely low (EL) or extremely high (EH) probands provides greater statistical power than sampling in the intermediate range. We next propose a unified sampling approach for multipoint LD mapping, where the goal is to estimate the map position (τ) of a trait locus and to calculate a confidence interval along with its sampling uncertainty. Our method builds upon a model for an expected preferential transmission statistic at an arbitrary locus conditional on the sampling scheme, such as sampling from EL and EH probands. This approach is valid regardless of the underlying genetic model. The one major assumption for this model is that no more than one quantitative trait locus (QTL) is linked to the region being mapped. Finally we illustrate the proposed method using family data on total serum IgE levels collected in multiplex asthmatic families from Barbados. An unobserved QTL appears to be located at τˇ = 41.93 cM with 95% confidence interval of (40.84, 43.02) through the 20‐cM region framed by markers D12S1052 and D12S1064 on chromosome 12. The test statistic shows strong evidence of linkage and LD (chi‐square statistic = 18.39 with 2 df, P‐value = 0.0001). Genet. Epidemiol. 22:298–312, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.