bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and chemometric based optimization of bioactive metabolites in Hypoxis hemerocallidea with the aid of UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS
Authors: Shikweni Mbuyelo , Tavengwa Nikita Tawanda , Mokgehle Tebogo Mphatlalala 
Published: December 2023

Abstractβ-sitosterol and solasodine are major bioactive ingredients in Hypoxis hemerocallidea (H. hemerocallidea) with significant pharmacological properties. As a result, developing a simple and efficient extraction method for simultaneous extraction of both analytes is critical. The purpose of this study was to identify and separate β-sitosterol and solasodine from ethanolic extracts of H. hemerocallidea using a modified QuEChERS method and subsequent analysis via UPLC triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Response surface methodology was carried out, which included numerical parameters such as ultrasonication time, centrifugation time, and ultrasonication power. The categorical factors included the type of salt used to facilitate extraction, which was (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4. Fitting the response surface model to the experimental data produced a quadratic model with a good fit (R2 = 0.9966 for solasodine and R2 = 0.9857 for β-sitosterol). The optimum conditions for extraction of β-sitosterol and solasodine were an ultrasonication time of 30 min, ultrasonication power of 300 W and centrifugation time of 12 min. The generally higher concentrations of analytes obtained for (NH4)2SO4 indicated that it had a superior salting-out ability compared to Na2SO4. In conclusion, for the first time, β-sitosterol and solasodine were simultaneously extracted using modified QuEChERS with good yields through the salting-out action of (NH4)2SO4 in the presence of environmentally friendly solvents, ethanol and water. This modified QuEChERS technique can potentially be applied on a large scale as a sustainable and quick method for enrichment of therapeutic compounds from natural products.
Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Manifestations of Telomere Biology Disorders
Authors: del Valle Kathryn T. , Carmona Eva M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Telomere biology disorders (TBD) are a group of genetic disorders characterized by premature shortening of telomeres, resulting in accelerated aging of somatic cells. This often leads to major multisystem organ dysfunction, and TBDs have become increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to numerous disease processes within the past 10–15 years. Both research and clinical practice in this field are rapidly evolving.

Recent Findings
A subset of patients with TBD suffers from interstitial lung disease, most commonly pulmonary fibrosis. Often, the clinical presentation is indistinguishable from other forms of lung fibrosis. There are no pathognomonic radiographic or histological features, and a high level of suspicion is therefore required. Telomere evaluation is thus crucial to establishing the diagnosis.

Summary
This review details the clinical presentation, objective evaluation, indicated genetic testing, and recommended management strategies for patients affected by interstitial lung disease associated with TBDs. Our goal is to empower pulmonologists and other healthcare professionals who care for these patients to provide appropriate and personalized care for this population.
An algorithm for calculating the shade created by greenhouse integrated photovoltaics
Authors: Petrakis Theodoros , Thomopoulos Vasileios , Kavga Angeliki , Argiriou Athanassios A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegration of photovoltaic modules into greenhouse roofs is a novel and intriguing method. The cost of products grown in greenhouses is particularly high because of their high energy consumption for heating and cooling, and at the same time the increase in demand for available land, increasing its cost and creating spatial issues, the integration of photovoltaics on the roof of greenhouses is a highly viable solution. Simultaneously, the use of solar radiation is critical to maintain optimal crop development, while also being a renewable energy source. However, photovoltaics reduce the incoming solar radiation in the greenhouse, due to their shade. Shading can be either beneficial for the crops or not, depending on the crop type, thus it is vital to find the shading caused by photovoltaics both temporally and spatially. In this study, a model calculating the shading in a greenhouse due to roof-integrated photovoltaics is developed, based on the Sun position, the geometry of both the greenhouse and of the roof-integrated photovoltaics and their position on the greenhouse roof. Calculating the coefficient of variation of radiation data, for the shaded and unshaded areas using the proposed algorithm, it was found the coefficient of variation for the shaded areas is lower than that for the unshaded areas for a least 76% of the time. Also, the radiation values under the shaded area are more uniform. The proposed model is a tool for PV designers, operators, and owners, in order to optimize the potential of their solar panel installations.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Effectiveness of Stand-Alone Digital Suicide Preventive Interventions for the Self-Management of Suicidality
Authors: Sutori Sara , Hadlaczky Gergö , Eliasson Emma , Wasserman Danuta , Carli Vladimir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSuicide is a global issue accounting for more than 700,000 deaths annually, with low- and middle-income countries being disproportionally affected. Technology-enhanced interventions have been suggested as a preventive method with various benefits—e.g., increased scalability and sustainability, making them relevant for developed and especially for developing nations. However, despite the increasing number of such interventions, their effectiveness is seldom appropriately evaluated. The current review aims to tackle this need by synthetizing the evidence with the goal of answering whether these interventions can be recommended for the self-management of suicidality. A systematic review was carried out across multiple databases (PubMed/Medline, Global Index Medicus, PsychINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), identifying 4520 individual reports up to November 2021. Ten of these were deemed sufficient to inform the evaluation, but only four were included in the meta-analyses. Quality assessment via GRADE reveals some concerns, primarily regarding selection of reported results. Results suggest negligible effect on the outcomes of deaths by suicide, suicide attempts, and a small effect on suicidal ideation—favoring digital interventions over no intervention. Conclusively, there is not enough evidence to allow for the recommendation of digital interventions as stand-alone care, but they are promising if developed on the grounds of evidence-based practices. The review also highlights the challenges of evaluation, by discussing excessive safety procedures and considering parallelly ongoing treatment. Additionally, the need to involve low- and middle-income countries is emphasized as currently these regions are underrepresented, even though they have a high potential for benefiting from stand-alone digital interventions.
Geysers' Dust Dynamics Inside the Hill Sphere of Enceladus
Authors: Flandes Alberto , Mirón‐Enríquez Pedro Elías , Ramírez‐Cabañas Alma Karen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, we study the trajectories of the dust particles ejected in the geysers of the moon Enceladus, inside its Hill sphere, where its gravitational influence dominates. Our goal is to determine the properties of the particles that escape from the moon or of those that eventually impact on its surface. The analysis considers the gravity of Enceladus, the Lorentz force due to Saturn's magnetic field and the gas drag from the geysers. The local magnetic field around Enceladus is derived from an interpolation of Cassini data from six flybys. In general, we obtain that grain sizes and launching speeds define whether grains escape, though the launching angle may also play an important role in some cases.
Undulations in Subducted Oceanic Crust Correlate With Shallow Tremor Distribution in the Kuril Trench Off Hokkaido
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroto , Kodaira Shuichi , Fujie Gou , No Tetsuo , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Shiraishi Kazuya , Seama Nobukazu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent research has shown that shallow tremors tend to occur in spatial association with heterogeneous conditions, which are formed by seamounts or ridges on the subducted oceanic crust. In the southern Kuril Trench, shallow tremors have been observed on the western side, although no apparent heterogeneity in the subducted oceanic crust has been identified. To investigate structures spatially associated with these shallow tremors, we processed reflection seismic data acquired along seven profiles. We examined structures ranging from the seafloor to the top of the oceanic crust, within a depth of up to 20 km. Our results reveal that undulations observed at the top of the subducted oceanic crust are related to the distribution and number of shallow tremors. The undulations would play a crucial role in the distribution of shallow tremors.
On the Response of Chondrites to Diurnal Temperature Change—Experimental Simulation of Asteroidal Surface Conditions
Authors: Patzek Markus , Rüsch Ottaviano , Molaro Jamie L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThermal fatigue is a process that degrades rocks and pebbles exposed to space by diurnal cycling. We simulate the diurnal temperature variation at 1 AU of 5 mm‐sized sample cubes using an evacuated cryostat, allowing conditions that are closer to those expected in space. Sample cubes of ordinary, CV, CM2, and C2 chondrites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography scans. In contrast to previous work, the ordinary and CV chondrite samples did not show any cracking. The CM2 chondrites respond with the formation and extension of cracks. Pre‐existing cracks present in the C2 chondrite Tagish Lake closed in the course of cycling to different degrees, which has not been reported before in the context of thermal fatigue driven rock breakdown. Most changes in crack length occur in the initial ∼20 cycles indicating a rapid buildup of strain followed by a rapid release by the formation and extension of cracks when exposed to diurnal temperature variation. The overall cracking rate is comparable to that of previous work on CM2 chondrites and in 15%–20% of the observed cracking occasions they are associated with fine‐grained rims around chondrules implying that the comminution of CM‐like rocks and pebbles is controlled by the abundance of chondrules (and other coarse‐grained components) and their rims. We propose that thermal fatigue‐driven comminution of rocks and especially pebbles on asteroids under the here studied conditions is controlled by the abundance of hydrated minerals. This, in turn, can result in different abundances and natures of finer‐grained material on asteroid surfaces.
A new flame‐based colour space for efficient fire detection
Authors: Giwa Oluwarotimi , Benkrid Abdsamad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractComputer vision‐based fire detection algorithms have been extensively researched over the past decades as they offer reliable and efficient solutions to early fire detection, as well as economical solutions in outdoor environments. The proposed systems have different levels of complexity; nevertheless, they rely heavily on colour based fire segmentation as the first processing stage using different colour spaces. This paper presents a new flame‐based colour space which accentuates the difference between fire and non‐fire pixel values. The hybrid Artificial Bee Colony‐Teaching Learning‐based Optimisation (ABC‐TLBO) and the k‐medoids clustering algorithm along with a Feature image constructed manually from a wide dataset of fire and non‐fire pixels were used to deduce the optimised colour space conversion matrix. The latter can then be used to transform the RGB pixels from a camera feed into the new Flame‐based colour space for a more efficient fire segmentation. The proposed colour space is capable to separate fire and non‐fire pixels into two intensity classes, whereby the resulting between‐class variance is significantly widened; this maximises the effectiveness of the binary thresholding to separate fire from non‐fire pixels. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed flame‐based colour space provides a superior average qualitative and quantitative performance on benchmark datasets compared to state‐of‐the‐art colour models; a 20% average increase in F1 score demonstrates a better balance between fire detection and false alarm rates. Moreover, the computation time of the fire detection system is faster by 15.6% in average. The proposed system provides a better implementation of the colour‐based fire segmentation processing stage in vision‐based fire detection systems; it vindicates, in this application context, the superiority of flame‐tuned colour space over conventional ones.
Ambulante Leistungen der medizinischen Rehabilitation: Eine neue
sozialrechtliche Perspektive in der psychiatrischen Versorgung
Authors: Konrad Michael , Weinmann Stefan , Becker Thomas , Armbruster Jürgen , Gühne Uta 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Gleichstellung psychisch erkrankter Menschen mit somatisch Erkrankten und die
wohnortnahe Versorgung waren zentrale Themen der Psychiatrie-Enquête.
Für die Leistungen der medizinischen Rehabilitation ist dieser Anspruch
bis zum heutigen Tage nicht umgesetzt. Die durch das Bundesteilhabegesetz (BTHG)
erfolgten Änderungen des neunten Sozialgesetzbuchs (SGB IX)
eröffnen erneut die Möglichkeit, die Leistungen der
medizinischen Rehabilitation in aufsuchender Form auch Menschen mit schweren
psychischen Erkrankungen zugänglich zu machen.
Review of dengue, zika and chikungunya infections in nervous system in endemic areas
Authors: Puccioni-Sohler Marzia , Nascimento Soares Cristiane , Christo Paulo Pereira , Almeida Sérgio Monteiro de 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDengue, zika, and chikungunya are arboviruses of great epidemiological relevance worldwide. The emergence and re-emergence of viral infections transmitted by mosquitoes constitute a serious human public health problem. The neurological manifestations caused by these viruses have a high potential for death or sequelae. The complications that occur in the nervous system associated with arboviruses can be a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. In endemic areas, suspected cases should include acute encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, polyradiculoneuritis, and/or other syndromes of the central or peripheral nervous system, in the absence of a known explanation. The confirmation diagnosis is based on viral (isolation or RT-PCR) or antigens detection in tissues, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other body fluids, increase in IgG antibody titers between paired serum samples, specific IgM antibody in cerebrospinal fluid and serological conversion to IgM between paired serum samples (non-reactive in the acute phase and reactive in the convalescent). The cerebrospinal fluid examination can demonstrate: 1. etiological agent; 2. inflammatory reaction or protein-cytological dissociation depending on the neurological condition; 3. specific IgM, 4. intrathecal synthesis of specific IgG (dengue and chikungunya); 5. exclusion of other infectious agents. The treatment of neurological complications aims to improve the symptoms, while the vaccine represents the great hope for the control and prevention of neuroinvasive arboviruses. This narrative review summarizes the updated epidemiology, general features, neuropathogenesis, and neurological manifestations associated with dengue, zika, and chikungunya infection.
Sjogren's syndrome: a neurological perspective
Authors: Barsottini Orlando Grazianni Povoas , Moraes Marianna Pinheiro Moraes de , Fraiman Pedro Henrique Almeida , Marussi Victor Hugo Rocha , Souza Alexandre Wagner Silva de , Braga Neto Pedro , Spitz Mariana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSjogren's syndrome (SS) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in sicca symptoms. Additionally, SS presents with neurological manifestations that significantly impact the nervous system. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurological aspects of SSj, covering both the peripheral and central nervous system involvement, while emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
REM sleep behavior disorder: update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Sobreira-Neto Manoel Alves , Stelzer Fernando Gustavo , Gitaí Lívia Leite Góes , Alves Rosana Cardoso , Eckeli Alan Luiz , Schenck Carlos H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractREM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by a loss of atonia of skeletal muscles during REM sleep, associated with acting out behaviors during dreams. Knowledge of this pathology is important to predict neurodegenerative diseases since there is a strong association of RBD with diseases caused by the deposition of alpha-synuclein in neurons (synucleinopathies), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Proper diagnosis of this condition will enable the use of future neuroprotective strategies before motor and cognitive symptoms. Diagnostic assessment should begin with a detailed clinical history with the patient and bed partner or roommate and the examination of any recorded home videos. Polysomnography (PSG) is necessary to verify the loss of sleep atonia and, when documented, the behaviors during sleep. Technical recommendations for PSG acquisition and analysis are defined in the AASM Manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events, and the PSG report should describe the percentage of REM sleep epochs that meet the criteria for RWA (REM without atonia) to better distinguish patients with and without RBD. Additionally, PSG helps rule out conditions that may mimic RBD, such as obstructive sleep apnea, non-REM sleep parasomnias, nocturnal epileptic seizures, periodic limb movements, and psychiatric disorders. Treatment of RBD involves guidance on protecting the environment and avoiding injuries to the patient and bed partner/roommate. Use of medications are also reviewed in the article. The development of neuroprotective medications will be crucial for future RBD therapy.
An appraisal to Hans Berger by the time of his 150th birthday: the human EEG and tales of blood flow, heat and brain waves
Authors: Caeira Marlon Wycliff , Caboclo Luis Otávio , Paola Luciano de 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMore than 100 years of research have passed by and still the human electroencephalogram (EEG) remains a puzzle to be solved. Starting from his studies on plethysmography until his theories on brain thermodynamics, Hans Berger was able to refine his method of recording cortical signs with the apparatus at his disposal in an ordinary neuropsychiatric yard towards an early account of human EEG. This review is an appraisal of his contribution to the field of modern neurophysiology.
Evolving Barriers to Clinical Trial Enrollment and Clinical Care in Neuro-oncology in the Face of COVID-19
Authors: Grandhi Nikhil , Zhou Alice Y. , Johnson Margaret O. , Butt Omar H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe lack of treatments with durable response in neuro-oncology highlights the critical need for clinical trials to advance patient care. The intersection of relatively low incidence, evolving classification schema, and entrenched community, healthcare provider, and organizational factors have been historic challenges against successful trial enrollment and implementation. The additional need for multidisciplinary, often tertiary-level care, further magnifies latent national and international health inequities with rural and under-served populations. The COVID-19 pandemic both unveiled fundamental weaknesses in historical approaches and prompted the necessity of new approaches and systems for conducting clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of traditional barriers to clinical trial enrollment in neuro-oncology, the effect of COVID-19 on these barriers, and the discovery of additional systemic weaknesses. Finally, we discuss future directions by reflecting on lessons learned with strategies to broaden access of care and streamline clinical trial integration into clinical practice.
Reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke: where are we in 2023?
Authors: Martins Sheila Cristina Ouriques , Pontes-Neto Octávio Marques , Pille Arthur , Secchi Thaís Leite , Miranda Alves Maramélia Araújo de , Rebello Letícia Costa , Oliveira-Filho Jamary , Lange Marcos Christiano , de Freitas Gabriel R. , de Andrade João Brainer Clares , Rocha Letícia Januzi de Almeida , Bezerra Daniel da Cruz , Souza Ana Claudia de , Carbonera Leonardo Augusto , Nogueira Raul Gomes , Silva Gisele Sampaio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the last three decades, stroke care has undergone significant transformations mainly driven by the introduction of reperfusion therapy and the organization of systems of care. Patients receiving treatment through a well-structured stroke service have a much higher chance of favorable outcomes, thereby decreasing both disability and mortality. In this article, we reviewed the scientific evidence for stroke reperfusion therapy, including thrombolysis and thrombectomy, and its implementation in the public health system in Brazil.
The past, present and future of Alzheimer's disease – part 1: the past
Authors: Nitrini Ricardo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described in 1907, and since then it changed from a relatively rare condition to one of the most prevalent diseases.
Objective To describe the evolution of the notions of dementias and AD, and to investigate the reasons for the increase in scientific interest in AD.
Methods A historical analysis was carried out on knowledge about dementia, the site of mental activity, the relationships between brain diseases and mental activity, and on the advances in research about AD, since its discovery until the publication of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in 1992. A search was carried out in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) for scientific articles that included the terms dementia or AD over 50 years, from 1972 to 2021.
Results The scientific research on AD increased from 615 papers with the term AD in the first decade (1972-1981), to 100,028 papers in the last decade (2012-2021): an increase of 162.6 times whereas publications with the term dementia increased 28.6 times in the same period. In the 1960s and 1970s, a consensus was reached that AD is responsible for the majority of cases of dementia previously known as senile dementia. In the 1980s, beta-amyloid peptide was identified in the core of the senile plaque, hyperphosphorylated tau protein was found in neurofibrillary tangles, and a mutation was discovered in a hereditary form of AD.
Conclusion The expansion of the concept of AD to include senile dementia, and the discoveries that occurred in the 1980s greatly expanded research in AD.