bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Memorable Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln’s Inn (with George Chapman)
Authors: Duffin Ross W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With dialogue and songs by George Chapman, The Memorable Masque was presented in the Hall at Whitehall Palace on 15 February 1613, the night following the Palatine wedding. It was printed in quarto in 1613, but no music survives for its song lyrics. Based on the clue of Campion’s contrafact song for The Lords’ Masque, the songs in Chapman’s masque have been reconstructed as contrafacta of existing songs, mostly by composers who were involved in the production, like John Dowland and Thomas Ford. The dances for the masque can be identified from the Inns of Court dance manuscript (BL 10444/5) and reconstructed from their appearance in a 1617 ensemble print by the expatriate violinist William Brade, and a 1621 publication by wind player and London city musician, John Adson. The complete masque text is included along with the reconstructed songs and dances.
Time and the World
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This is a book about everything and how anything whatsoever happens. By answering the question what is a thing?, the book reveals what it is to exist, what any being at all is. Such profound matters require a special method of inquiry. The method employed herein—original inquiry—begins with no assumptions about reality. It is, then, a method independent of any figure, trend, or tradition in the history of philosophy. Via this method, one simply confronts all this, the world, an all-encompassing diverse array of whatnot, and on this basis can come to a secure account of what it is to be. In simply confronting the world, however, one’s experience shifts, is transient: all this goes from one way—with, say, a cat here—to some other way—the cat being over there. This manifest inconstancy must be accounted for in any comprehensive account of the world. Yet so must a manifest constancy. If the cat is now, at this moment, over there, that the cat is now, at this moment, over there is forever true. These seemingly contradictory phenomena, inconstancy and constancy, demonstrate the importance of time to understanding the world. Since any legitimate inquiry is directed at something or other and since many objects of inquiry (including inquiry itself) occur over time, correct accounts of temporal reality and of being—of time and the world—provide insight into all inquiry. These accounts provide constraints on and, hence, guidelines for investigating any subject matter in any field.
The Metaphysics of Time
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Time is the ultimate basis of whatever accounts for temporal differentiation, the world going from one way (at one moment) to a different way (at a distinct moment). A main purpose of this work is to propound an account of the metaphysics of time, a critical account of what time is and its role in structuring reality. The phenomenon of change is key to an account of the metaphysics of time, so the chapter elucidates this phenomenon. Although time and moments are essentially related, they are distinct things. The chapter presents an account of time per se and moments per se, discussing some of their significant qualities, and proposes a theoretical framework for the metaphysics of time. The genuine controversies in the metaphysics of time are not about time itself; rather, they are about temporal reality, the structure of things in the world given the existence of time.
Atemporal Reality and Constancy
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The basis of the constancy in the world is not to be found among anything significantly related to time. This conclusion reveals the importance of atemporal reality to the metaphysics of time. This chapter examines timelessness, existence outside of—without—time. The account of time per se developed in preceding chapters enables a straightforward and non-metaphorical account of timelessness. There are indeed things that exist without, that is, outside of time. Although some of these atemporal entities exist without origin and, as such, did not come into existence, not all lack an origin. Thus, some things come into existence, but outside of time. This phenomenon of atemporal becoming might initially seem incoherent, but it is not. The chapter concludes with an account of the constancy in the world. The ontological basis of this constancy is simple facts, static entities that come into existence outside of time and exist permanently atemporally.
Claiming Citizenship
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Claiming Citizenship focuses on Indian American civic and political activism in the U.S. public sphere around U.S.-based and India-based issues. Indian Americans are a group of interest to study immigrant and diasporic politics since they are a rising political force whose patterns of activism do not follow the unified model of mobilization of other powerful American ethnic groups. They have multiple types of advocacy organizations: those mobilizing around an Indian American identity; those mobilizing around a South Asian American identity; organizations for Indian Americans of Hindu, Sikh, Muslim, Christian, and Buddhist backgrounds; organizations representing Indian American Democrats and Republicans; and even combinations of these such as the Republican Hindu Coalition that mobilized around Donald Trump’s candidacy in 2016. There are also generational differences between second-generation members and the immigrant generation. Unified ethnic mobilization is rare and does not take place through a single professional advocacy organization, or even through well-coordinated campaigns. The book examines the dialectical process through which immigrants conform to the structures and cultures of the society they have immigrated to but also work to transform it to accommodate their unique needs. It shows the relative roles played by domestic and international influences on the political mobilization of immigrant groups in the United States as well as the importance of social media in shaping these mobilizations. Claiming Citizenship presents an excellent template to understand how religion, national identity, race, and pan-ethnicity interact in ethnic politics, in addition to examining the role that generational status plays in determining some of these patterns.
Race, Transnationalism, and Mobilization
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a wide swath of Indian American history, between 1900, when the first Indians started arriving in the United States, and 1995. It focuses on the formation of Indian American advocacy organizations of various types around racial discrimination. The first half focuses on the activism of early immigrants from the Indian subcontinent (1900–1946). Facing racism and exclusion in North America, which they attributed to the fact that India was a colony of the British, they mobilized for citizenship rights and for Indian independence. The activism of post-1965 Indian immigrants is discussed in the second half of the chapter. Indian American organizations were able to create a new census category, “Asian Indian,” for the census of 1980 and obtain minority status for Indian Americans as “Asians.” They challenged discriminatory laws impacting their employment and obtained White House recognition for themselves as “Indian Americans” from President Ronald Reagan.
Religion and Transnationalism
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the key events that led to religion becoming a major source of division among Indian Americans. This led to the splintering of Indian Americans in the public sphere with the establishment of organizations dedicated to developing a transnational Hindu political identity, on the one hand, and on the other, the formation of advocacy organizations by Indian religious minorities to bring attacks against their religions to the attention of the American public. The first part of the chapter provides a brief background to some historical events during the colonial period and with the rise of Hindu nationalism in the 1990s that led to religious cleavages. The bulk of the chapter focuses on the various religious advocacy organizations formed in the United States, the reasons for their formation, and the early issues that they mobilized around.
Enacting Cultural Citizenship
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on Indian American activism around U.S. domestic policy and examines and explains the reasons for the very similar patterns of activism of religious minority groups when compared with immigrant groups that become part of the religious majority (Indian American Christians). Organizations representing Indian American religious minorities in the United States—Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh—mobilized around several common issues such as anti-defamation, religious discrimination, and hate crimes after 9/11 to educate Americans about their religions, seek acknowledgment and recognition from the White House and the U.S. administration, obtain accommodation of their religious practices, and have a political voice in shaping U.S. laws and policies. Since early 2000, these organizations have been led by second-generation activists. However, Indian American Christian organizations have remained first generation led and homeland oriented, focusing on attacks against Christians in India. The chapter also discusses activism around caste discrimination in the United States.
Introduction
Authors: Kiras James D. , Kitzen Martijn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
At this very moment an uncertain void exists between what armed forces are focusing on—predominantly conventional warfare—and what they might be required to do in order to secure their states’ interest in Great Power competition (GPC) or in the defense against violent non-state threats. This edited volume seeks to answer the question of how to fill this void in one form of military capability: Special Operations Forces (SOF). Into the Void provides robust answers to the question of how special operations can be expected to fill the void in military capabilities now and in the future. The much-needed transformation of SOF is analyzed from multiple perspectives and angles including the strategic utility, roles, and capabilities, as well as technologies and future. The volume seeks to combine all the resulting findings to offer a unique insight into today’s special operations and the ongoing transformation process that seeks to reorient and optimize SOF for the new security environment. In doing so, it updates the existing body of thought and provides strands for further thinking in this specific and underrepresented field of strategic studies.
Reanimating the Tactical Level
Authors: Dehaene Pierre Jean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a novel concept (the localization strategy) and how it can be used effectively for stabilization operations in the current operating environment. However, it must be said immediately that the objective is to redefine and reanimate this discussion by engaging it from a tacticalperspective. The objective is twofold: first to establish a shared understanding on the nature of Special Operations forces (a fixed concept) as opposed to its characteristics (a fluid concept); and secondly, to introduce the localization strategy (LS)—with several applications in Niger (2018-2023)—as a broad conceptual handrail for operating with clear and consistent strategic sense. It is a plan for making aplan. Its processes are fixed while its plans are fluid. The more there is uncertainty, the more there is a need for strategic fluidity (in creative application) and fixedness (in strategic sense and purpose). It was designed for the tactical level, as an effort to renew and revitalize applied strategic thinking, in order to increase harmonization between the levels of warfare.
A Glance Into the Future
Authors: Schwarzbauer Matthias , Tuinman Joost 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces a research design that combines the appeal of storytelling with the analytical question of the future strategic role of SOF. The aim is not to write exciting stories; rather, Schwarzbauer and Tuinman stress the importance of utilizing the advantage of combining facts with fiction, analyzing and fore sighting the roles of SOF in future operational environments. Storytelling is a powerfultool to ignite and shape thinking. Stories will impact perceptions—and using this powerful tool for debatingthe needed future capabilities of Special Operations Forces (SOF) is no exception. The writers introduce a three-step approach for scenario development using imagination and fiction in a useful way. Employing the scenario development process to create engaging and compelling narratives offers an unconventional approach to inform and shape the perspectives of political decision makers, policy makers, and practitioners alike. Leveraging the power of storytelling is a powerful and accessible tool for communicating problems,dilemmas, and solutions with strategic effects through SOF employment. Everybody likes a good story, and emphasizing SOF’s strategic utility in future scenarios can illuminate ways to fill the void in military capabilities beyond the current security situation.
Conclusion
Authors: Kiras James D. , Kitzen Martijn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To assist special operations breaking out of their box, the various authors have functionally and conceptually identified different dimensions, as well as characteristics and attributes, of special operations in the void. In sum, they identify the contours of an irregular-competitive-conflict nexus in which special operations can play a number of different roles. The implications of these contours are evident, in terms of overlapping relationships, but how to turn them into specific capabilities is both beyond the scope of this volume and unnecessary. A more systematic exploration of these ideas hopefully will lead to debate and discussion, and perhaps even the development of capabilities or systems that may lead to a more rapid response and resolution of future war. In the final analysis Western SOF cannot afford the consequences of not seriously considering this nexus and taking decisive action to fill the void, lest they remain in their current comfortable blanket of complacency and secure stovepipes of excellence. This volume and its contributions provide a welcome step in this direction.
One Enemy at a Time
Authors: Paliwal Avinash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains how constitutional survivalism and resistance to India’s republican aspirations shaped New Delhi’s approach towards Bengal, Assam, and Burma. It explores how India’s struggles to contain communist and communal violence in its eastern states of Assam and West Bengal shaped such constitutional survivalism. To prevent spillover of communist violence, India armed the Burma army to prevent state collapse in 1949. Good ties with Burma were critical enough for India to overlook Rangoon’s controversial 1954 land nationalization that left Burmese Indians landless and stateless. In East Pakistan, India’s response to the 1952-54 language movement was lukewarm. But Pakistan’s imposition of martial law after the 1954 assembly elections in its eastern wing, sowed the seeds of war with India long before 1971.
‘Termites’
Authors: Paliwal Avinash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains how China’s growing power and the cementing of Hindu nationalist politics shaped New Delhi’s approach towards its near east. The chapter focuses on two moments that were pivotal. First was the 2009 Bangladesh Rifles mutiny and India’s response thereto. Concerned about Haisna’s physical safety and political survival, India almost militarily intervened in Bangladesh. The second case was India’s response to the 2007-08 “Saffron Revolution” in Myanmar led by monks against the junta. Unlike 1988 when New Delhi supported the democracy movement, India did nothing to dislocate its relations with Myanmar’s junta during this incident. The rest of the chapter unpacks India’s deepening of economic and diplomatic ties with both its eastern neighbors in the 2010s. New Delhi became heavily invested in building infrastructural connectivity projects and enhancing trade with both these neighbors as part of its ‘Act East’ policy.
The Balance Sheet
Authors: Gustafson Thane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter reviews the laying down of many of the economic and institutional foundations of a modern market economy in Russia, which began under Boris Yeltsin, and continued through the late 2000s. Despite the rebuilding of the state and the partial remilitarization of the economy under Putin since the mid-2010s, these changes are here to stay. It shows that despite these positives, the two-way opening to the West left Russia with serious vulnerabilities, both inherited and new. The chapter describes the negative side of Russia’s balance sheet as a missed opportunity, with two faces: the massive misallocation of Russia’s wealth to state-owned corporations run by well-placed elites and the failure to encourage and protect private enterprise, especially in the service and high-tech sectors. It concludes that the opportunity to build a strong entrepreneurial class, based on a diversified economy, was missed, and the Ukrainian war and the subsequent sanctions have aggravated the impact of the missed opportunities, while diminishing the long-term effectiveness of Russian responses to them.
Introduction
Authors: Melber Henning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter takes stock of the current German policy responses to demands facing the colonial past and its consequences for German memory culture. It reveals the colonial blind spots in official German positions and documents, including party political policies. The return of the Benin bronzes to Nigeria illustrates the ambiguities and contradictions of new initiatives to come to terms with the colonial past. Recent engagements by Germany’s highest ranking state representatives illustrate the willingness to engage with a colonial past, but at the same time displays the limitations of remorse and atonement through rather symbolic gestures. The latest coalition government’s inclusion of engagement with the colonial past in the present in its joint agreement is critically interrogated and its limitations are pointed out as tokenism.
Enlightenment, Racism, Colonialism and Genocide
Authors: Melber Henning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter puts German colonial expansion of the late 19th century into the overall context of European imperialist expansion into other parts of the world. The mid-16th century debate at the Spanish Court at Valladolid over the treatment of the indigenous people in South America marked the beginning of the racist hierarchical world view as an integral part of the era of Enlightenment. The Eurocentric Western modernity considered as superior to other people and cultures and a justification for imposing foreign rule included the willingness to eliminate those elsewhere, who resisted the self-declared civilizing mission. Colonial occupation included extreme violence as an integral part of a trans-imperial phenomenon. Comparative genocidal studies have shown that colonialism and genocide remain an unresolved, hardly acknowledged legacy of European modernity.
The German Colonial Brand
Authors: Melber Henning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter summarizes the early German overseas economic activities during the slave trade as initial beginning, followed by a colonial movement in the German empire advocating formal colonial expansion. It sketches the inner-German constellation leading to the comparatively late entry as colonial power and summarizes the colonial occupation and its consequences in separate case studies on South West Africa, Cameroon, Togo, East Africa, the South Sea ,and the lease of Tsingtao between 1884 and 1914. German remnants after the end of colonial rule in these territories are identified and the domestic German discourse over colonial policy, and its forms and practices during the German empire are discussed. Subsequent parts focus on the colonial ideology without colonies in the Weimar republic and under the Nazi regime. The treatment and role of Africans in Germany from early overseas expansion to colonial times until World War 2 concludes the chapter.
Replicated series
Authors: Diggle Peter J. , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we extend the modelling framework introduced in Chapter 5 to the analysis of replicated time-series data. The extension is technically straightforward. An important new feature of replicated series is that the replication within the study design can be exploited to enable an unambiguous separation between deterministic and stochastic components of variation. We also explain the difference between marginal and conditional models, which arises when considering generalized linear models for non-Gaussian data.
Clause chaining in the languages of the world in typological perspective
Authors: Sarvasy Hannah S. , Aikhenvald Alexandra Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ways of forming sentences and of describing events vary across the languages of the world. The grammars of hundreds of languages permit a special type of complex sentence containing a set of dependent clauses, unavailable to languages like English: the ‘clause chain’. Clause chains are found, especially, in languages of the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, East Africa, and in numerous languages across central Asia. Clause chaining often goes together with switch-reference marking, an indication of whether upcoming subjects will be co-referential or not. A brief overview of previous approaches to and investigations of clause chains is followed by an overview of recurrent grammatical features of clause chains. Further dimensions of clause chaining include bridging constructions, non-canonical uses of medial clauses, and the interaction of clause chains with cognitive processes. The last section contains an overview of the volume and perspectives for further studies. The Appendix lists points for fieldworkers.
Clause chaining and switch-reference in Ndu languages
Authors: Alexandra Aikhenvald Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
All Ndu languages have productive clause chaining and elaborate systems of switch-reference. This chapter shows how connectives tend to arise from transparent grammaticalization of markers of summary linkage. Switch-reference operates on the principles of subject identity between the reference clause and marking clause. Iatmul and Boiken lack special markers of different subject. Manambu, Yalaku, and Abelam-Wosera have fewer markers of different subject than of same subject. Dependent clauses share intonational properties. Heterosemous case markers as clause linkers are a feature of Manambu and of Yalaku. The dative case is involved in marking purposive clauses across the family. A special feature of Manambu, Yalaku, and Abelam-Wosera is the option of questioning a constituent within a dependent clause without questioning the main clause. Same subject switch-reference-sensitive dependent clauses in Yalaku can be within the scope of an imperative. Recapitulating linkage is pervasive while summary linkage is a feature of Manambu, Iatmul, and also Yalaku.