bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odorant differentiated pattern of cerebral activation: Comparison of acetone and vanillin
Authors: Savic Ivanka , Gulyás Balázs , Berglund Hans 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWhether different odorous compounds (odorants) are processed by different cerebral circuits is presently unknown. A first step to address this complicated issue is to investigate how the cerebral regions mediating signals from olfactory (i.e., unimodal) odorants, differ from those mediating the olfactory + trigeminal (i.e., bimodal) odorants. [15O]‐H2O‐PET scans were conducted in 12 healthy females during three separate conditions: birhinal, passive smelling of: 1) the unimodal odorant vanillin; 2) the bimodal odorant acetone; and 3) odorless air. Significant activations were calculated contrasting vanillin to air, acetone to air, and deactivations, running these contrasts in the opposite direction. Smelling of vanillin activated bilaterally the amygdala and piriform cortex. These regions were only engaged slightly by acetone. Instead, strong activations were found in the anterior and central insula and claustrum, the posterior portion of anterior cingulate, the somatosensory cortex (SI for face), cerebellum, ventral medial (VMPo) and dorsal medial (MDvc) thalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, and pons/medulla. In parallel, the somatosensory (SI, below central representation of face), secondary visual and auditory cortices, as well as the supplementary motor area and the parahippocampal gyri were deactivated. No deactivations were observed with vanillin, although the odor components of acetone and vanillin were rated similarly intense (75 ± 17 mm vs. 61 ± 22 mm, NS). The differentiated pattern of cerebral activation during odorant perception seems to be dependent on the signal transducing cranial nerves involved. In contrast to vanillin, which solely activates the olfactory cortex, acetone engages predominantly trigeminal projections from the nasal mucosa. Acetone's limited activation of the olfactory cortex may result from a cross‐modal interaction, with inhibition of acetone's odor component by its trigeminal component. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:17–27, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of chiral sulfoxides in enantioselective synthesis of diols and total synthesis of natural products
Authors: Solladie Guy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe sulfoxide mediated enantioselective reduction of carbonyl compounds was extended to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure syn and anti diols, including C2 symmetric diols. Several applications related to the syntheses of natural products are described. Finally, this sulfoxide mediated enantioselective synthesis was extended to the transformation of ethyl oxalate or other oxalic acid derivatives to enantiomerically pure syn and anti 1,2‐diols. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:443–452, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10079
Desmoplastic melanoma of the lip
Authors: Hessel Amy C. , Byers Robert M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study looks at the prognosis of desmoplastic melanoma of the lip, correlating it with the clinical course, treatment, and patterns of failure.MethodTwenty‐two patients with desmoplastic melanoma of the lip were seen at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1965 to 1998.ResultsThree disease groups: (I) untreated tumor (3 patients), (II) excisional scar (10 patients), and (III) locoregional recurrence (9 patients). Group I had two cures and one failure. In group II six had no recurrences, and there were four failures. In group III, all patients failed. Ten patients (45%) had no evidence of disease, of which three (30%) had an initial misdiagnosis. Twelve patients (55%) died of disease or were living with disease, of which eight (67%) had an initial misdiagnosis.ConclusionsDesmoplastic melanoma of the lip is often misdiagnosed and, therefore, inappropriately treated with multiple recurrences and poor prognosis. Accurate diagnosis and combined treatment may improve local control and survival. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 605–608, 2002
Expression of glutathione s‐transferase π in benign mucosa, Barrett's metaplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Chandra Rakesh K. , Bentz Brandon G. , Haines G. Kenneth , Robinson Alan M. , Radosevich James A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundGlutathione s‐transferase π (GSTπ) is an enzyme that provides cellular protection against redox‐mediated damage by free radicals, which have been implicated in carcinogenesis.MethodsForty‐three consecutive specimens from 19 patients were reviewed to identify samples of squamous mucosa, Barrett's metaplasia, adenocarcinoma, and peritumoral inflammation. Serial sections were stained with an anti‐GSTπ polyclonal antibody, and GSTπ expression was quantified for each histologic group.ResultsGSTπ expression was diminished in peritumoral mononuclear inflammatory cells (p < .001) compared with squamous epithelium, Barrett's metaplasia, or adenocarcinoma. Barrett's metaplasia exhibited decreased GSTπ expression compared with squamous mucosa (p = .045). GSTπ expression by >50% of adenocarcinoma cells was associated with an increased risk (2.25×) of disease at last follow‐up.ConclusionsGSTπ is prominently expressed in esophageal squamous mucosa and adenocarcinoma. Mononuclear cells may be susceptible to oxidative damage secondary to weak GSTπ production. GSTπ may protect the tumor cells themselves from the cytotoxic effects of free radicals. The biochemical role of GSTπ expression in malignant transformation deserves further investigation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 575–581, 2002
A multicenter phase II study of tgDCC‐E1A for the intratumoral treatment of patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Villaret Doug , Glisson Bonnie , Kenady Daniel , Hanna Ehab , Carey Mary , Gleich Lyon , Yoo George H. , Futran Neal , Hung Mien‐Chie , Anklesaria Pervin , Heald Alison E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe anti‐cancer gene, E1A, can be complexed to a lipid carrier, DC‐Cholesterol:DOPE, to form tgDCC‐E1A, which can be injected directly into tumors.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with recurrent, unresectable, head and neck cancer were treated with intratumoral injections of tgDCC‐E1A over 8 weeks. Tumor response was assessed using CT scans. Time to progression and overall survival were calculated.ResultsIntratumoral tgDCC‐E1A was well tolerated in all patients. No significant toxicities related to tgDCC‐E1A were reported. One patient (4.2%) had a complete response, two patients (8.3%) had minor response, and seven patients (29.2%) had stable disease by two‐dimensional cross‐products on blinded CT scans. The median time to progression was 8.6 weeks (range, 3.3–43.7 weeks), and median survival was 4.6 months (range, 1.3–15.6 months).ConclusionsIntratumoral injections of tgDCC‐E1A were safe and well tolerated. Modest tumor response was observed. Further development of tgDCC‐E1A is warranted in combination with other treatment modalities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Pai Ping‐Ching , Chuang Chi‐Cheng , Wei Kuo‐Chen , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Tseng Chen‐Kan , Chang Chen‐Nen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic radiosurgery has been used to treat intracranial tumors. Recently, it has also been used for the treatment of head and neck tumors involving the base of skull, including recurrent NPC.MethodsFrom October 1994 to April 1999, 36 patients with recurrent NPC, were retreated by stereotactic radiosurgery. These patients received radiosurgery as a boost treatment after reirradiation for recurrence. The external RT dose ranged from 20 to 60 Gy. The tumor volume ranged from 3.58 to 24.6 cc. The target surface dose ranged from 8 to 20 Gy. The median follow‐up was 22.1 months.ResultsThe 3‐year local control rate was 56%. The 5‐year overall survival was 49%. Persistence after radiosurgery had a worse survival than those who had secondary recurrence. Age and gender were marginally significant. No patient had new severe complications after retreatment. Four patients (11%) had nasopharyngeal necrosis after radiosurgery, none had nasal bleeding or headache, but a foul odor was present in one patient.ConclusionsConformal radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy provide good local control and survival without severe complications for patients with recurrent NPC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 748–753, 2002
Nuclear and cytoplasmic p53 expression in pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Prognostic implications
Authors: Pukkila Matti J. , Kumpulainen Eero J. , Virtaniemi Jukka A. , Johansson Risto T. , Halonen Pirjo M. , Kellokoski Jari K. , Kosunen Ari S. T. , Nuutinen Juhani , Kosma Veli‐Matti 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe role of p53 expression in human neoplasms is still controversial, and it has been associated with both favorable and unfavorable outcome of the patients. Also cytoplasmic expression of p53 protein has been reported to affect survival in some cancers. Furthermore, an association between p53 and β‐catenin expression has been demonstrated. We studied the expression of p53 in a large group of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and its relation to catenin expression, histologic differentiation, clinical data, and prognosis.MethodsPrimary tumors for analyses were obtained from 123 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx or hypopharynx between 1975 and 1998 in Eastern Finland. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of p53 as well as α‐, β‐, and γ‐catenins.ResultsIn the primary tumors (n = 123), the nuclear p53 expression index was low in 42 (34%), intermediate in 38 (31%), and high in 43 (35%) cases. Cytoplasmic p53 expression was present in 56 (46%) and absent in 67 (54%) tumors. In univariate analyses (Kaplan‐Meier), hypopharyngeal primary site (p = .02), high T class (p < .0005), presence of distant metastases (p = .02), low Karnofsky performance index (p < .0005), high nuclear p53 expression index (p = .01), and positive cytoplasmic p53 expression (p = .04) predicted poorer overall survival (OS). In Cox proportional hazards model, only T class (p = .0005), Karnofsky performance index (p = .005), and nuclear β‐catenin expression (p = .038) predicted poorer OS.ConclusionPositive cytoplasmic p53 expression and nuclear p53 overexpression seem to relate to more aggressive features and unfavorable outcome in pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). However, unlike more traditional variables, p53 expression is not an independent predictor of disease outcome in PSCC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 784–791, 2002
Establishment of a non‐governmental regional approach to La Plata River Basin integrated watershed management promoted throughout three international workshops supported by UN and Japanese agencies, led by ILEC
Authors: Calcagno Alberto , Yamashiki Yosuke , Mugetti Ana 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe La Plata River Basin is one of the largest international river basins in the world, with an area of about 3 million km2. It spreads across five countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay), and its water resources are essential for their economic development. Together with reservoir development, extensive deforestation, intensive agriculture practices and large urban developments took place in the Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay basins, affecting environmental conditions and raising important issues concerning water resources use and conservation. Therefore, the need to promote participatory and cooperative efforts among water resources stakeholders, as well as the systematic exchange of information and experiences on common regional problems among organizations and experts from throughout the basin who are devoted to water resources use and management, was reported by researchers and managers gathered at the First and Second International Workshops on Regional Approaches for Reservoir Development and Management in the La Plata River Basin (held in 1991 and 1994). As a concrete response to this need, the efforts of a number of organizations from various countries within the basin, with the support of international and national governmental organizations, resulted in the foundation of La Plata River Basin Environmental Research and Management Network (RIGA) in March 2001. This was within the framework of the Third International Workshop, which was precisely one of the short‐term activities included in the RIGA Action Plan. During the preparatory processes for the RIGA Network, the presence of Japanese cooperation supporting the La Plata River Basin Workshops through a non‐governmental international organization (ILEC) played an important role in stimulating such an organization‐based joint approach in the basin. This outcome, although not originally planned, constituted a welcomed byproduct of its main specific interest in the region, which was the establishment of international sustainable management guidelines for lake and reservoir management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge
Authors: Taniguchi Makoto , Burnett William C. , Cable Jaye E. , Turner Jeffrey V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCoastal hydrogeologists and oceanographers now recognize the potentially significant contribution that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) could make to the coastal ocean. SGD may be both volumetrically and chemically important to coastal water and chemical budgets. A worldwide compilation of observed SGD shows that groundwater seepage from the land to the ocean occurs in many environments along the world's continental margins. Further, SGD has a significant influence on the environmental condition of many nearshore marine environments and provides a strong motivation for improved assessments. Our review reveals a critical lack of data from coastal zones of almost all parts of the world, especially in South America, Africa and parts of Asia, making a comprehensive compilation incomplete. SGD should be paid more attention with regard to water and dissolved material budgets at the local and global scales. SGD intercomparison experiments and coastal typologies (classification) may enable evaluation of the accuracy of the SGD estimates and up‐scaling of SGD to a global scale. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of surface water runoff from plots of two different sizes
Authors: Joel Abraham , Messing Ingmar , Seguel Oscar , Casanova Manuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntensities and amounts of water infiltration and runoff on sloping land are governed by the rainfall pattern and soil hydraulic conductivity, as well as by the microtopography and soil surface conditions. These components are closely interrelated and occur simultaneously, and their particular contribution may change during a rainfall event, or their effects may vary at different field scales. The scale effect on the process of infiltration/runoff was studied under natural field and rainfall conditions for two plot sizes: small plots of 0·25 m2 and large plots of 50 m2. The measurements were carried out in the central region of Chile in a piedmont most recently used as natural pastureland. Three blocks, each having one large plot and five small plots, were established. Cumulative rainfall and runoff quantities were sampled every 5 min. Significant variations in runoff responses to rainfall rates were found for the two plot sizes. On average, large plots yielded only 40% of runoff quantities produced on small plots per unit area. This difference between plot sizes was observed even during periods of continuous runoff. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aberrant methylation of the CDKN2a/p16INK4a gene promoter region in preinvasive bronchial lesions: A prospective study in high‐risk patients without invasive cancer.
Authors: Lamy Aude , Sesboüé Richard , Bourguignon Jeannette , Dautréaux Brigitte , Métayer Josette , Frébourg Thierry , Thiberville Luc 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAmong the identified factors involved in malignant transformation, abnormal methylation of the CDKN2A/p16INK4a gene promoter has been described as an early event, particularly in bronchial cell cancerization. Precancerous bronchial lesions (n = 70) prospectively sampled during fluorescence endoscopy in a series of 37 patients at high risk for lung cancer were studied with respect to the methylation status of the CDKN2A gene. Methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction was performed on DNA extracted from pure bronchial cell populations derived from biopsies and detection of p16 protein was studied by immunohistochemistry on contiguous parallel biopsies. Aberrant methylation of the CDKN2A gene promoter was found in 19% of preinvasive lesions and its frequency increased with the histologic grade of the lesions. Methylation in at least 1 bronchial site was significantly more frequent in patients with cancer history, although there was no difference in the outcome of patients with or without methylation in bronchial epithelium. The other risk factors studied (tobacco and asbestos exposure) did not influence the methylation status. There was no relationship between CDKN2A methylation and the evolutionary character of the lesions. Our results confirm that abnormal methylation of the CDKN2A gene promoter is an early event in bronchial cell cancerization, which can persist for several years after carcinogen exposure cessation, and show that this epigenetic alteration cannot predict the evolution of precancerous lesions within a 2‐year follow‐up. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic value of P53 mutations in rectal carcinoma
Authors: Rebischung Christine , Gérard Jean‐Pierre , Gayet Jacqueline , Thomas Gilles , Hamelin Richard , Laurent‐Puig Pierre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe influence of p53 mutations on the response to ionizing radiation and survival was retrospectively evaluated in patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy for rectal carcinoma. From 1989 to 1991, 86 rectal cancer patients treated by preoperative radiotherapy were included in this series. For all patients, endorectal sonography (to define ultrasonography TNM [uTNM]) was performed before treatment; 19 patients were classified as stage 1, 27 as stage 2 and 40 as stage 3. Response to radiotherapy (39 Gy in 13 fractions delivered in 17 days) was assessed by comparing the uT and the T obtained by histologic examination of the resected specimen (TNM classification). A rectal cancer biopsy was performed before treatment and enabled the search for p53 mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. The status of the p53 gene was correlated with the response to radiotherapy and survival. Forty‐nine percent of the tumors presented abnormal DGGE profiles. The prevalence of p53 mutations was significantly higher in patients who did not respond to radiotherapy (63%) than in those who did respond (34%) (p < 0.01). Presence of a p53 mutation was associated with significantly shorter 5‐year survival compared to patients without mutations (p < 0.02). In a multivariate analysis, p53 mutation status remained a prognostic factor independent of tumor posttreatment staging (p < 0.05). p53 status is an independent prognostic factor of response to radiotherapy and survival in rectal carcinoma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐competitive steroid inhibition of oestrogen receptor functions
Authors: Puddefoot John R. , Barker Stewart , Glover Hilary R. , Malouitre Sylvanie D.M. , Vinson Gavin P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCurrently available antioestrogens, such as tamoxifen, are competitive inhibitors that bind to the ligand binding sites of oestrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. The search for alternative anti‐hormone therapies is prompted by the need for drugs that are effective when tumours become tamoxifen resistant. The existence of different receptor isoforms also raise the possibility of improving selectivity. Earlier use of the 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, trilostane (4α,5‐ epoxy‐17β‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐5α‐androstane‐2α‐carbonitrile), suggested that it had beneficial actions in breast cancer that were only partially attributable to inhibition of steroidogenesis. The present studies on the interactions of trilostane with oestrogen receptors show that it (i) inhibits oestrogen‐stimulated proliferation in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, (ii) enhances the affinity of oestradiol binding to ER in rat uteri and specifically increases oestradiol binding to an ERβ‐like isoform, (iii) inhibits ERα and ERβ binding to the classical vitellogenin gene oestrogen response element (ERE) and (iv) inhibits oestrogen‐stimulated gene transcription in ERE‐linked reporter systems in MCF‐7 cells. The results demonstrate a novel, presumably allosteric, mode of antioestrogen action. The beneficial actions of trilostane in breast cancer may be attributed to the combination of this antioestrogen effect with its well documented suppression of steroidogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER‐2/neu transgenic mice
Authors: Anisimov Vladimir N. , Khavinson Vladimir KH. , Provinciali Mauro , Alimova Irina N. , Baturin Dmitri A. , Popovich Irina G. , Zabezhinski Mark A. , Imyanitov Eugeni N. , Mancini Romina , Franceschi Claudio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFemale FVB/N HER‐2/neu transgenic mice from the age of 2 months were subcutaneously injected with saline, the peptide Epitalon® (Ala‐Glu‐Asp‐Gly) or with the peptide Vilon® (Lys‐Glu) in a single dose of 1 μg/mouse for 5 consecutive days every month. Epitalon treatment reduced the cumulative number and the maximum size of tumors (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of mice bearing 1 mammary tumor was increased, whereas the number of mice bearing 2 or more mammary tumors was reduced in Epitalon‐treated in comparison to saline‐treated animals (p < 0.05). The size but not the number of lung metastases was reduced in Epitalon‐treated compared to saline‐treated mice (p < 0.05). The treatment with Vilon produced significant negative effects when compared to the control group, with an increased incidence of mammary cancer development (p < 0.05), a shorter mean latent period of tumors (p < 0.05) and an increased cumulative number of tumors (p < 0.05). A 3.7‐fold reduction in the expression of HER‐2/neu mRNA was found in mammary tumors from HER‐2/neu transgenic mice treated with Epitalon compared to control animals. The expression of mRNA for HER‐2/neu was also partially reduced in Vilon‐treated mice, but it remained significantly higher in Vilon‐ than in Epitalon‐treated animals (1.9‐fold increase). The data demonstrate the inhibitory effect of Epitalon in the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER‐2/neu mice, suggesting that a downregulation of HER‐2/neu gene expression in mammary adenocarcinoma may be responsible, at least in part, for the antitumor effect of the peptide. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.