bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation and Distribution: an Equilibrium Model of Manufacturing and Retailing
Authors: Bronnenberg Bart J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a model of the distribution channel to study the decisions of manufacturers, retailers and consumers. The model is used to study how retail distribution affects manufacturing and consumers. As the cost of distribution falls, the retail sector increases assortment size and allows a larger mass of manufacturers to enter, allowing consumers to buy more variety. Entry primitives in manufacturing and retailing determine vertical pricing power. The equilibrium of the model predicts that the national retail sector is a fraction of the total economy that depends on the demand for variety. It is not affected by, e.g., consumer transportation cost or income. Data support this prediction.
‘A knowledge easely taught, and quickly learned’: learning to sing in Byrd’s England
Authors: Arten Samantha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
William Byrd published his famous eight ‘Reasons briefely set down by th’auctor, to perswade every one to learne to sing’ in his 1588 Psalmes, sonets and songs. The most important reason to learn to sing, according to Byrd, is that ‘it is a knowledge easely taught, and quickly learned, wher there is a good Master, and an apt Scoler’. The ‘knowledge’ of which Byrd speaks is not only the mechanics of singing but also, or perhaps chiefly, the musical knowledge necessary to sing: the rudiments of musical literacy. This article unpacks Byrd’s claims about music education in Tudor England, placing them in the context of print culture and educational practices. It first considers the options for music education available to different social classes and genders, then turns to close study of music theory treatises and other music educational texts printed in 16th-century England. I examine how these printed materials discussed their own role in the process of educating readers, and interrogate their prevailing claims that gaining musical literacy is ‘plain’ and ‘easie’, and possible ‘without any other help saving this booke’.
Impact of untreated chronic obstructive coronary artery disease on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Persits Ian , Layoun Habib , Kondoleon Nicholas P , Spilias Nikolaos , Badwan Osamah , Sipko Joseph , Yun James J , Kalra Ankur , Dykun Iryna , Tereshchenko Larisa G , Krishnaswamy Amar , Reed Grant W , Kapadia Samir R , Puri Rishi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
In transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) recipients, the optimal management of concomitant chronic obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown. Some advocate for pre-TAVR percutaneous coronary intervention, while others manage it expectantly. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of varying degrees and extent of untreated chronic obstructive CAD on TAVR and longer-term outcomes.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of TAVR recipients from January 2015 to November 2021, separating patients into stable non-obstructive or varying degrees of obstructive CAD. The major outcomes of interest were procedural all-cause mortality and complications, major adverse cardiovascular events, and post-TAVR unplanned coronary revascularization.

Results
Of the 1911 patients meeting inclusion, 75%, 6%, 10%, and 9% had non-obstructive, intermediate-risk, high-risk, and extreme-risk CAD, respectively. Procedural complication rates overall were low (death 0.4%, shock 0.1%, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 0.1%), with no difference across groups. At a median follow-up of 21 months, rates of acute coronary syndrome and unplanned coronary revascularization were 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively, in the non-obstructive population, rising in incidence with increasing severity of CAD (P &lt; .001 for acute coronary syndrome/unplanned coronary revascularization). Multivariable analysis did not yield a significantly greater risk of all-cause mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events across groups. One-year acute coronary syndrome and unplanned coronary revascularization rates in time-to-event analyses were significantly greater in the non-obstructive (98%) vs. obstructive (94%) subsets (Plog-rank&lt; .001).

Conclusions
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement can be performed safely in patients with untreated chronic obstructive CAD, without portending higher procedural complication rates and with relatively low rates of unplanned coronary revascularization and acute coronary syndrome at 1 year.
Interleukin-22 enhanced the mucosal barrier and inhibited the invasion of Salmonella enterica in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Yamazaki Fuka , Kobayashi Kyosuke , Mochizuki Junko , Sashihara Toshihiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cell (hiPSC-SIEC) monolayers are useful in vitro models for evaluating the gut mucosal barrier; however, their reactivity to cytokines, which are closely related to the regulation of mucosal barrier function, remains unclear. Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine that contributes to regulate the mucosal barrier in the intestinal epithelia. Using microarray and gene set enrichment analysis, we found that hiPSC-SIEC monolayers activate the immune response and enhance the mucosal barrier in response to IL-22. Moreover, hiPSC-SIEC monolayers induced the gene expression of antimicrobials, including the regenerating islet-derived protein 3 family. Furthermore, IL-22 stimulation upregulated Mucin 2 secretion and gene expression of an enzyme that modifies sugar chains, suggesting alteration of the state of the mucus layer of hiPSC-SIEC monolayers. To evaluate its physiological significance, we measured the protective activity against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in hiPSC-SIEC monolayers and found that prestimulation with IL-22 reduced the number of viable intracellular bacteria. Collectively, these results suggest that hiPSC-SIEC monolayers enhance the mucosal barrier and inhibit infection by pathogenic bacteria in response to IL-22, as previously reported. These results can contribute to the further application of hiPSC-SIECs in evaluating mucosal barriers.
Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), but Not Mature BDNF, Is Expressed in Human Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity
Authors: Edman Sebastian , Horwath Oscar , Van der Stede Thibaux , Blackwood Sarah Joan , Moberg Isabel , Strömlind Henrik , Nordström Fabian , Ekblom Maria , Katz Abram , Apró William , Moberg Marcus 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Exercise promotes brain plasticity partly by stimulating increases in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), but the role of the pro-BDNF isoform in the regulation of BDNF metabolism in humans is unknown. We quantified the expression of pro-BDNF and mBDNF in human skeletal muscle and plasma at rest, after acute exercise (+/− lactate infusion), and after fasting. Pro-BDNF and mBDNF were analyzed with immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pro-BDNF was consistently and clearly detected in skeletal muscle (40-250 pg mg−1 dry muscle), whereas mBDNF was not. All methods showed a 4-fold greater pro-BDNF expression in type I muscle fibers compared to type II fibers. Exercise resulted in elevated plasma levels of mBDNF (55%) and pro-BDNF (20%), as well as muscle levels of pro-BDNF (∼10%, all P &lt; 0.05). Lactate infusion during exercise induced a significantly greater increase in plasma mBDNF (115%, P &lt; 0.05) compared to control (saline infusion), with no effect on pro-BDNF levels in plasma or muscle. A 3-day fast resulted in a small increase in plasma pro-BDNF (∼10%, P &lt; 0.05), with no effect on mBDNF. Pro-BDNF is highly expressed in human skeletal muscle, particularly in type I fibers, and is increased after exercise. While exercising with higher lactate augmented levels of plasma mBDNF, exercise-mediated increases in circulating mBDNF likely derive partly from release and cleavage of pro-BDNF from skeletal muscle, and partly from neural and other tissues. These findings have implications for preclinical and clinical work related to a wide range of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s, clinical depression, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Gene loss and cis-regulatory novelty shaped core histone gene evolution in the apiculate yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum
Authors: Haase Max A B , Steenwyk Jacob L , Boeke Jef D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Core histone genes display a remarkable diversity of cis-regulatory mechanisms despite their protein sequence conservation. However, the dynamics and significance of this regulatory turnover are not well understood. Here, we describe the evolutionary history of core histone gene regulation across 400 million years in budding yeasts. We find that canonical mode of core histone regulation—mediated by the trans-regulator Spt10—is ancient, likely emerging between 320 and 380 million years ago and is fixed in the majority of extant species. Unexpectedly, we uncovered the emergence of a novel core histone regulatory mode in the Hanseniaspora genus, from its fast-evolving lineage, which coincided with the loss of 1 copy of its paralogous core histone genes. We show that the ancestral Spt10 histone regulatory mode was replaced, via cis-regulatory changes in the histone control regions, by a derived Mcm1 histone regulatory mode and that this rewiring event occurred with no changes to the trans-regulator, Mcm1, itself. Finally, we studied the growth dynamics of the cell cycle and histone synthesis in genetically modified Hanseniaspora uvarum. We find that H. uvarum divides rapidly, with most cells completing a cell cycle within 60 minutes. Interestingly, we observed that the regulatory coupling between histone and DNA synthesis was lost in H. uvarum. Our results demonstrate that core histone gene regulation was fixed anciently in budding yeasts, however it has greatly diverged in the Hanseniaspora fast-evolving lineage.
Murine Myoblasts Exposed to SYUIQ-5 Acquire Senescence Phenotype and Differentiate into Sarcopenic-Like Myotubes, an In Vitro Study
Authors: Gerosa Laura , Malvandi Amir Mohammad , Gomarasca Marta , Verdelli Chiara , Sansoni Veronica , Faraldi Martina , Ziemann Ewa , Olivieri Fabiola , Banfi Giuseppe , Lombardi Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is one of the most affected organs by aging that correlates well with an accumulation of senescent cells as for other multiple age-related pathologies. The molecular mechanisms underpinning muscle impairment because of senescent cells are still elusive. The availability of in vitro model of skeletal muscle senescence is limited and restricted to a small panel of phenotypic features of these senescent cells in vivo. Here, we developed a new in vitro model of senescent C2C12 mouse myoblasts that, when subjected to differentiation, the resulting myotubes showed sarcopenic features. To induce senescence, we used SYUIQ-5, a quindoline derivative molecule inhibitor of telomerase activity, leading to the expression of several senescent hallmarks in treated myoblasts. They had increased levels of p21 protein accordingly with the observed cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, they had enhanced SA-βgalactosidase enzyme activity and phosphorylation of p53 and histone H2AX. SYUIQ-5 senescent myoblasts had impaired differentiation potential and the resulting myotubes showed increased levels of ATROGIN-1 and MURF1, ubiquitin ligases components responsible for protein degradation, and decreased mitochondria content, typical features of sarcopenic muscles. Myotubes differentiated from senescent myoblasts cultures release increased levels of MYOSTATIN that could affect skeletal muscle cell growth. Overall, our data suggest that a greater burden of senescent muscle cells could contribute to sarcopenia. This study presents a well-defined in vitro model of muscle cell senescence useful for deeper investigation in the aging research field to discover new putative therapeutic targets and senescence biomarkers associated with the aged musculoskeletal system.
Changes in Expression of Key Genes in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Specific Brain Tissue Change
Authors: Rasmussen Lucas Trevizani , de Labio Roger Willian , dos Santos Mônica Pezenatto , Fredi Bruno Mari , Baisi Chagas Eduardo Federighi , Chen Elizabeth Suchi , Turecki Gustavo , Smith Marília de Arruda Cardoso , Payão Spencer Luiz Marques 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and neurodegenerative disorder. Its etiology is not clear, but the involvement of genetic components plays a central role in the onset of the disease. In the present study, the expression of 10 genes (APP, PS1 and PS2, APOE, APBA2, LRP1, GRIN2B, INSR, GJB1, and IDE) involved in the main pathways related to AD were analyzed in auditory cortices and cerebellum from 29 AD patients and 29 healthy older adults. Raw analysis revealed tissue-specific changes in genes LRP1, INSR, and APP. A correlation analysis showed a significant effect also tissue-specific AD in APP, GRIN2B, INSR, and LRP1. Furthermore, the E4 allele of the APOE gene revealed a significant correlation with change expression tissue-specific in ABPA2, APP, GRIN2B, LRP1, and INSR genes. To assess the existence of a correction between changes in target gene expression and a probability of AD in each tissue (auditory cortices and cerebellum) an analysis of the effect of expressions was realized and showed that the reduction in the expression of the APP in auditory cortex and GRIN2B cerebellum had a significant effect in increasing the probability of AD, in the same logic, our result also suggesting that increased expression of the LRP1 and INSR genes had a significant effect on increasing the probability of AD. Our results showed tissue-specific gene expression alterations associated with AD and certainly opened new perspectives to characterize factors involved in gene regulation and to obtain possible biomarkers for AD.
Body Size, Diet Quality, and Epigenetic Aging: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses
Authors: Li Danmeng Lily , Hodge Allison M , Cribb Lachlan , Southey Melissa C , Giles Graham G , Milne Roger L , Dugué Pierre-Antoine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Epigenetic age is an emerging marker of health that is highly predictive of disease and mortality risk. There is a lack of evidence on whether lifestyle changes are associated with changes in epigenetic aging. We used data from 1 041 participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study with blood DNA methylation measures at baseline (1990–1994, mean age: 57.4 years) and follow-up (2003–2007, mean age: 68.8 years). The Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the Mediterranean Dietary Score, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index were used as measures of diet quality, and weight, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio as measures of body size. Five age-adjusted epigenetic aging measures were considered: GrimAge, PhenoAge, PCGrimAge, PCPhenoAge, and DunedinPACE. Multivariable linear regression models including restricted cubic splines were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of body size and diet quality with epigenetic aging. Associations between weight and epigenetic aging cross-sectionally at both time points were positive and appeared greater for DunedinPACE (per SD: β ~0.24) than for GrimAge and PhenoAge (β ~0.10). The longitudinal associations with weight change were markedly nonlinear (U-shaped) with stable weight being associated with the lowest epigenetic aging at follow-up, except for DunedinPACE, for which only weight gain showed a positive association. We found negative, linear associations for AHEI-2010 both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Other adiposity measures and dietary scores showed similar results. In middle-aged to older adults, declining diet quality and weight gain may increase epigenetic age, while the association for weight loss may require further investigation. Our study sheds light on the potential of weight management and dietary improvement in slowing aging processes.
Associations Between Walking Speed and Gut Microbiome Composition in Older Men From the MrOS Study
Authors: Farsijani Samaneh , Cauley Jane A , Cawthon Peggy M , Langsetmo Lisa , Orwoll Eric S , Kado Deborah M , Kiel Douglas P , Newman Anne B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Gut dysbiosis has been linked to frailty, but its association with early mobility decline is unclear.

Methods
First, we determined the cross-sectional associations between walking speed and the gut microbiome in 740 older men (84 ± 4 years) from the MrOS cohort with available stool samples and 400 m walking speed measured in 2014–2016. Then, we analyzed the retrospective longitudinal associations between changes in 6 m walking speed (from 2005–2006 to 2014–2016, calculated by simple linear equation) and gut microbiome composition among participants with available data (702/740). We determined gut microbiome composition by 16S sequencing and examined diversity, taxa abundance, and performed network analysis to identify differences in the gut microbiome network of fast versus slow walkers.

Results
Faster 400 m walking speed (m/s) was associated with greater microbiome α-diversity (R = 0.11; p = .004). The association between a slower decline in 6 m walking speed and higher α-diversity (R = 0.07; p = .054) approached borderline significance. Faster walking speed and less decline in walking speed were associated with a higher abundance of genus-level bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, and possess anti-inflammatory properties, including Paraprevotella, Fusicatenibacter, and Alistipes, after adjusting for potential covariates (p &lt; .05). The gut microbiome networks of participants in the first versus last quartile of walking speed (≤0.9 vs ≥1.2 m/s) exhibited distinct characteristics, including different centrality measures (p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a possible relationship between gut microbiome diversity and mobility function, as indicated by the associations between faster walking speed and less decline in walking speed over 10 years with higher gut microbiome diversity in older men.
Mechanism and implications of the post-seismic deformation following the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo (Tibet) earthquake
Authors: Chen Fei , Diao Faqi , Haghighi Mahmud Haghshenas , Wang Yuebing , Zhu Yage , Wang Rongjiang , Xiong Xiong 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A major earthquake shook the Chinese county of Maduo, located in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane on the Tibetan Plateau, on 21 May 2021. Here, we investigate the post-seismic deformation process of this event, with the aim to understand the fault geometry, friction behaviour and regional rheology. To keep the self-consistency between co- and post-seismic deformation models, we first constrain the fault geometry and coseismic slip model of this event, which are directly used in modelling the post-seismic deformation. The coseimsic slip model reveals that the majority of coseismic slip is confined at the middle (3–15 km) of the brittle layer, leading to significant shallow slip deficit. Secondly, we obtain the post-seismic deformation in the first 450 d following the 2021 Maduo earthquake using the GPS and InSAR displacement time-series data. Thirdly, a combined model incorporating afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation is built to explain the observed post-seismic deformation. Our results suggest that the viscoelastic relaxation effect should be considered in the observation period, in order to avoid the unphysical deep afterslip in the ductile lower crustal layer. Combined analysis on viscosities inferred from this study and previous studies suggests a weak lower crust with steady-state viscosity of 1018–1019 Pa s beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane, which may give rise to the distributed shear deformation and the development of subparallel secondary faults within the terrane. Besides, the inferred afterslip on uppermost patches of the middle fault segment suggests a rate-strengthening frictional behaviour that may be related to the coseismic slip deficit and rupture arrest of the Maduo earthquake.
Low-strength shear zone in the western Makran subduction zone, southeastern Iran: insights from a receiver function analysis
Authors: Abbasi Sara , Motaghi Khalil , Lucente Francesco Pio , Bianchi Irene 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
To understand the seismic hazard of a subduction zone, it is necessary to know the geometry, location and mechanical characteristics of the interplate boundary below which an oceanic plate is thrust downward. By considering the azimuthal dependence of converted P-to-S (Ps) amplitudes in receiver functions, we have detected the interplate boundary in the Makran subduction zone, revealing significant seismic anisotropy at the base of the accretionary wedge above the slab before it bends down beneath the Jaz Murian basin. This anisotropic feature aligns with a zone of reduced seismic velocity and a high primary/secondary wave velocity ratio (Vp/Vs), as documented in previous studies. The presence of this low-velocity highly anisotropic layer at the base of the accretionary wedge, likely representing a low-strength shear zone, could possibly explain the unusually wide accretionary wedge in Makran. Additionally, it may impact the location and width of the locked zone along the interplate boundary.
Exploring a novel β-1,3-glucanosyltransglycosylase, MlGH17B, from a marine Muricauda lutaonensis strain for modification of laminari-oligosaccharides
Authors: Allahgholi Leila , Derks Maik G N , Dobruchowska Justyna M , Jasilionis Andrius , Moenaert Antoine , Jouy Léonie , Ara Kazi Zubaida Gulshan , Linares-Pastén Javier A , Friðjónsson Ólafur H , Hreggviðsson Guðmundur Óli , Karlsson Eva Nordberg 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The marine environment, contains plentiful renewable resources, e.g. macroalgae with unique polysaccharides, motivating search for enzymes from marine microorganisms to explore conversion possibilities of the polysaccharides. In this study, the first GH17 glucanosyltransglycosylase, MlGH17B, from a marine bacterium (Muricauda lutaonensis), was characterized. The enzyme was moderately thermostable with Tm at 64.4 °C and 73.2 °C, but an activity optimum at 20 °C, indicating temperature sensitive active site interactions. MlGH17B uses β-1,3 laminari-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 4 or higher as donors. Two glucose moieties (bound in the aglycone +1 and +2 subsites) are cleaved off from the reducing end of the donor while the remaining part (bound in the glycone subsites) is transferred to an incoming β-1,3 glucan acceptor, making a β-1,6-linkage, thereby synthesizing branched or kinked oligosaccharides. Synthesized oligosaccharides up to DP26 were detected by mass spectrometry analysis, showing that repeated transfer reactions occurred, resulting in several β-1,6-linked branches. The modeled structure revealed an active site comprising five subsites: three glycone (−3, −2 and −1) and two aglycone (+1 and +2) subsites, with significant conservation of substrate interactions compared to the only crystallized 1,3-β-glucanosyltransferase from GH17 (RmBgt17A from the compost thriving fungus Rhizomucor miehei), suggesting a common catalytic mechanism, despite different phylogenetic origin, growth environment, and natural substrate. Both enzymes lacked the subdomain extending the aglycone subsites, found in GH17 endo-β-glucanases from plants, but this extension was also missing in bacterial endoglucanases (modeled here), showing that this feature does not distinguish transglycosylation from hydrolysis, but may rather relate to phylogeny.