bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Reasonable Doubt at its Worst – But Also at its Potential Best: Dissecting Ireland v the United Kingdom’s No-Torture Finding
Authors: Dembour Marie-Bénédicte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beyond reasonable doubt (brd) is arguably the Strasbourg Court’s default standard of proof. This favours the respondent state over the applicant, though less starkly so if inferences are allowed. In the foundational Irish Case of 1978, the Court accepted inferences – in theory. In practice, it drew no inference, even omitting to mention crucial facts. brd emerged as a tool of raison-d’état-turned-raison-de-Cour, apparently used to avoid the politically sensitive finding that the United Kingdom had tortured ira suspects during ‘the Troubles’. In 2018, as the Court refused to revise the no-torture finding, ‘disingenuous brd’ remained hovering: requiring direct, unattainable certainty, the Court illogically doubted the significance of declassified British documents indicating torture. brd, however, exists also in a ‘virtuous’ form, already present in Ireland’s original pronouncements. But for the Court’s fear of upsetting states and concomitant reluctance to apply brd according to its self-enunciated principles, brd at Strasbourg could be normatively sound.
The views of psychiatrists on proposed changes to the England and Wales Mental Health Act 1983 legislation for people with intellectual disability: A national study
Authors: Tromans Samuel , Robinson Gemma , Gabrielsson Alexandra , Bassett Paul , Sawhney Indermeet , Triantafyllopoulou Paraskevi , Hassiotis Angela , Shankar Rohit 
Published: November 2023

Background: The Draft Mental Health Bill proposes removal of both intellectual disability and autism from Section 3 of the Mental Health Act for England and Wales (MHA). This would lead to people with intellectual disability (PwID) and/or autism could not be detained beyond 28 days, in the absence of diagnosed co-occurring mental illness. Aim: To obtain views of psychiatrists working with PwID in England and Wales regarding the proposed MHA changes. This study focusses specifically on the impact on PwID. Methods: A cross-sectional online mixed methodology survey of Likert and free-text response questions was developed, to ascertain perceptions of proposed legislative changes to the MHA. A non-discriminatory exponential snowballing technique leading to non-probability sampling was used to disseminate the survey. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests. Thematic analysis was conducted on free text responses. Results: A total of 82 psychiatrists (33%) from approximately 250 eligible completed the survey. Nearly two-thirds (64%) reported good awareness of the proposed changes, with over half (55%) reporting disagreement with the changes. Psychiatrists working in inpatient settings for PwID reported increased awareness of the changes, less agreement with the reforms, and increased expectations of the reforms having negative unintended consequences, compared to their peers working exclusively in the community. Consultants reported greater disagreement with the changes compared to their non-consultant peers. Qualitative analysis identified five main themes: impact on diagnosis and treatment, seeking alternative options, introducing inequities, resources, and meeting holistic care goals through the Care, Education and Treatment Reviews (CETR) process. Conclusion: Psychiatrists working with PwID report widespread disagreement with the proposed changes to the MHA for PwID, with greater levels of disagreement among those working in inpatient services. Caution with respect to the proposed changes, and monitoring of the impact of the changes if implemented, is advised.
Pediatric headache patient with cerebral abscesses: a brief review of the literature and case report
Authors: Bengio Moshe , Goodwin Glenn , Roka Abhishek , Marin Michelle 
Published: November 2023

Background Pediatric headache is a common cause of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits, and 8.8% of cases require imaging. Alarmingly, 12.5% of imaged cases have a pathologic cause. A pediatric patient with a complicated medical history presented to the pediatric ED with multiple cerebral abscesses. The possible causes and contributors to this rare cause of pediatric headache and a review of pediatric headache emergency management are presented. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old male patient with a complex medical and surgical history, including post-repair pulmonary valve stenosis, visited the pediatric ED for intractable and worsening left frontoparietal headache, refractory to ibuprofen, for 6 days. A physical examination revealed severe photophobia and restlessness secondary to severe head pain. Non-contrast brain computed tomography demonstrated two round, bilateral, parietal hypodense lesions with surrounding vasogenic edema. The lesions were consistent with abscesses on magnetic resonance imaging. Eventually, the patient underwent successful surgical abscess drainage and made a full recovery. The patient was lost to follow-up; therefore, no causative bacterial species was determined. Conclusion Managing pediatric headache in emergency settings requires a robust history and physical examination. Cerebral abscesses are an infrequent but fatal cause of pediatric headache and therefore should be considered among the differential diagnoses.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Aggressive Student Culture Scale Administered to the Age 8 Growing Up in NZ Cohort
Authors: Zhang Qiongxi , Underwood Lisa , Peterson Elizabeth R. , Fenaughty John , Waldie Karen E. 
Published: November 2023

Background The Aggressive Student Culture Scale (ASCS) is a survey designed to measure the extent to which New Zealand (NZ) students experience aggressive behaviours within the school environment. The aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the ASCS in the multidisciplinary Growing Up in NZ longitudinal study. Methods We used data from 4938 children from the Growing Up in NZ study to examine the psychometric properties of ASCS for 8-year-old children. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and measurement invariance was tested across sex, ethnicity, and deprivation levels. Results The ASCS tool comprises a single latent factor: aggressive student behaviour. The ASCS provides an adequate and satisfactory measure for student aggression experiences. Full measurement invariance was supported for child’s sex, but only configural invariance was confirmed across ethnicity and area-level deprivation. Males reported higher levels of aggressive experiences than females. Conclusions The one-factor model structure offers an excellent fit to our data with good internal consistency. Comparisons across sex are valid; however, direct comparisons across ethnicity and deprivation levels should be approached with caution. We recommend replication studies and encourage further research involving participants from different age groups to better understand the factor structure across diverse demographic variables.
Effect of Breastfeeding Education Program and Nurse-led Breastfeeding Online Counseling System (BMUM) for Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Şimsek-Çetinkaya Şahika , Gümüş Çaliş Gülçin , Kibris Şerife 
Published: November 2023

Background: Breastfeeding is very important for maternal and infant health. With first pregnancies, many pregnant people face obstacles to achieving their breastfeeding goals. Research Aims: We aimed to investigate the outcomes of a breastfeeding education program and nurse-led online breastfeeding counseling system (BMUM) on breastfeeding self-efficacy, attitudes about breastfeeding, breastfeeding problems, breastfeeding frequencies and postpartum depression. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group ( n = 36), or control group ( n = 36). Assessments were conducted during pregnancy, between 32- and 37-weeks gestation, and on postpartum Day 1, Week 1, Week 3, and 6 months. Results: The means of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy–Short Form scores, and the Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) scores were similar between the groups at the first assessment ( p = 0.733). IIFAS scores in the intervention group were significantly higher in the follow-up measurements on postpartum Day 1, Week 1, Week 3, and 6 months compared to scores in the control group ( p = 0.006; p = 0.000; p = 0.002; p = 0.001) Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were similar between the two groups at 1 week ( p = 0.678). EPDS scores were significantly higher in the control group on Day 1 and at 3 and 6 months postpartum ( p = 0.000; p = 0.038; p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference in breastfeeding problems between the two groups ( p > 0.05 across breastfeeding problems examined). The mean values of breastfeeding frequency were similar between groups on Day 1, and significantly higher in the intervention group on follow-up measurements. Conclusion: The results of this intervention appear to promote positive attitudes toward breastfeeding and decrease feelings of postpartum depression. However, further randomized controlled trials are needed to support our outcomes.
Coping with Discrimination: A Longitudinal Study of Health Outcomes in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual and Heterosexual Midlife and Older Adults
Authors: Nelson Christi L. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives This study explored how coping moderates the association between discrimination and health outcomes in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual midlife and older adults. Methods This study analyzed longitudinal data from 163 LGB and 326 propensity-matched heterosexual midlife and older adults over approximately 20 years, using the Midlife in the United States study. Results Discrimination was associated with slower chronic condition accumulation over time for LGB individuals. Problem-focused and avoidance coping moderated discrimination’s impact on mental health in LGB participants over time, and in heterosexual participants, they moderated the association between discrimination and chronic conditions. Discussion The results suggest a potential “steeling” effect in LGB midlife and older adults facing higher discrimination levels. Furthermore, the findings suggest that effective coping strategies for mitigating the adverse impacts of discrimination on physical and mental health may vary by sexual orientation.
Clinical outcomes of modified versus traditional expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A single-institution experience
Authors: Shangguan Zhitao , Chen Gang , Liu Wenge , Li Jiandong 
Published: November 2023

Purpose To compare the surgical outcomes of modified expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOL) (C4-C6) and traditional EOL (C3-C7) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods One hundred and two CSM patients were retrospectively recruited from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between March 2012 and December 2019. Seventy-one patients with CSM underwent modified EOL, and 31 patients underwent traditional EOL. The primary endpoint was axial symptoms. Results Patients who underwent modified EOL had a significantly lower incidence of axial symptoms (odds ratio: 0.273; 95% confidence interval: 0.184-0.691; p = .002). The length of hospital stay ( p = .263), and intraoperative blood loss ( p = .402) were not significantly different between the groups. Significantly more postoperative drainage was observed in patients who underwent modified EOL ( p < .001), while the cost of hospitalization in patients treated with traditional EOL was higher ( p = .011). There were significant differences between modified and traditional EOL for the changes in range of motion ( p < .001), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score ( p = .001), and the Nurick grade ( p = .014), while the changes of visual analogue scale ( p = .250), and the neck disability index ( p = .134) were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion This study found modified EOL may decrease the incidence of axial symptoms in patients with CSM compared to traditional EOL.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Fitness Levels of Pre-Professional Contemporary Dancers: An Exploration of 2 Dance-Specific Field Tests
Authors: Tiemens Annemiek , van Rijn Rogier M. , Koes Bart W. , Stubbe Janine H. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The primary aim of this study was to present descriptive heart rate (HR), heart rate recovery (HRR) and RPE data for the DAFT and HIDT within one sample of contemporary dance students. The second aim was to explore if objective (HR) and subjective (RPE) data were correlated between tests. Method: 40 (11 males, 29 females) university dance students with a mean age of 18.8 ± 1.8 years performed the DAFT and HIDT on 2 separate occasions within 1 week. Measurements were HR after 4 minutes in all stages of the DAFT, the percentage of age-predicted maximal HR (%HRmax) of all stages of the DAFT and at the end of the HIDT, and peak HR (HRpeak) at the end of both tests. Subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and HR recovery after 1 minute of rest (HRR) were determined after the tests. Results: HRpeak of the DAFT and HIDT were 188.1 ± 11.0 and 185.3 ± 7.3 beats·min−1, respectively. There were high positive correlations between HRpeak of the HIDT and stages 3 to 5 of the DAFT (r = 0.716-0.740, all P-values < .01). HRR ( r = .678, P < .01) and %HRmax ( r = .746, P < .01) showed moderate to high correlations between the DAFT and HIDT. The anaerobic training zone was reached in stages 4 and 5 of the DAFT and at the end of the HIDT. The subjective RPE scores did not significantly correlate between DAFT and HIDT, neither with objective HR data. Conclusion: Although the DAFT and HIDT differ in intensity and work-to-rest ratio, there were high correlations between HR and HRR data of both tests and both tests reached intensities above the anaerobic threshold (%HRmax > 85%).
Worldwide Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Xiu , Chu Xiangyuan , Qi Guojia , Yuan Ping , Zhou Yanna , Xiang Henry , Shi Xiuquan 
Published: November 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women who have experienced perinatal intimate partner violence (P-IPV) has gradually attracted the attention of psychologists, mental health, and health care professionals. However, a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence and associated risk factors is still lacking. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and explore influencing factors for PTSD in women who have suffered P-IPV. Our study inclusion criteria were: women who experienced IPV in the year before conception, throughout pregnancy, during delivery, and up to 1 year after giving birth for which a quantitative assessment of PTSD was done using validated diagnostic or screening tools. This study searched nine English databases and four Chinese databases. The final analysis included 16 studies, involving 9,098 female subjects. Meta-analysis was performed on the extracted data using the Stata 16.0 software (Stata Corp. LP, College Station, TX, USA). Fixed or random effect models were selected to pool odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PTSD after heterogeneity test. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSD in women who suffered P-IPV was 30.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [22.0%, 37.0%]). Only nine studies described influencing factors for PTSD based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The five identified influencing factors were: non-immigrants (OR = 2.56; 95% CI [1.29, 5.08]), non-cohabitation (OR = 2.45; [1.35, 4.42]), trauma history (OR = 1.80; [1.18, 2.76]), education below senior high school (OR = 1.32; [0.64, 2.75]), and age 18 to 29 years (OR = 1.06; [0.94, 1.19]). These findings provided a reference value of PTSD prevalence, risk factors, and potential association with P-IPV among women worldwide. However, the geographical coverage of the reviewed studies is limited and epidemiological investigations from more diverse areas are required in the future.
Sensor-Assisted Wound Therapy in Plantar Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hochlenert Dirk , Bogoclu Can , Cremanns Kevin , Gierschner Lars , Ludmann Dominik , Mertens Mira , Tromp Timo , Weggen Annika , Otten Hubert 
Published: November 2023

Background: Offloading is the cornerstone of treatment of plantar diabetic foot ulcers. It limits mobility with consequent psychological and cardiovascular side effects, and if devices are removed, healing is delayed. Methods: We developed three non-removable techniques with increasing offloading potential (multilayer felt sole, felt-fiberglass sole, or total contact casts with ventral windows) and sensors built within. Smartwatch and web apps displayed pressure, temperature, humidity, and steps. They alerted patients, staff, and a telemedicine center when pressure limits (125 kPa) were exceeded. Patients were advised to walk as much as they had done before the ulcer episode. To evaluate the potential of this intervention, we enrolled 20 ambulatory patients in a randomized clinical trial. The control group used the same offloading and monitoring system, but neither patients nor therapists received any information or warnings. Results: Three patients withdrew consent. The median time to healing of ulcers was significantly shorter in the intervention group compared with controls, 40.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28-not applicable [NA]) versus 266.0 (95% CI = 179-NA) days ( P = .037), and increasing ulcer area was observed less frequently during study visits (7.9% vs 29.7%, P = .033). A reduction of wound area by 50% was reached at a median of 10.2 (95% CI = 7.25-NA) versus 19.1 (95% CI = 13.36-NA) days ( P = .2). Participants walked an average of 1875 (SD = 1590) steps per day in intervention group and 1806 (SD = 1391) in the control group. Conclusions: Sensor-assisted wound therapy may allow rapid closure of plantar foot ulcers while maintaining patient’s mobility during ulcer therapy.
Astaxanthin alleviates PM2.5-induced cardiomyocyte injury via inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Ren Jingyi , Yin Bowen , Guo Zihao , Sun Xiaoya , Pei Huanting , Wen Rui , Wang Ziyi , Zhu Siqi , Zuo Jinshi , Zhang Yadong , Ma Yuxia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Long-term exposure of humans to air pollution is associated with an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Astaxanthin (AST), a naturally occurring red carotenoid pigment, was proved to have multiple health benefits. However, whether or not AST also exerts a protective effect on fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced cardiomyocyte damage and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
In vitro experiments, the H9C2 cells were subjected to pretreatment with varying concentrations of AST, and then cardiomyocyte injury model induced by PM2.5 was established. The cell viability and the ferroptosis-related proteins expression were measured in different groups. In vivo experiments, the rats were pretreated with different concentrations of AST for 21 days. Subsequently, a rat model of myocardial PM2.5 injury was established by intratracheal instillation every other day for 1 week. The effects of AST on myocardial tissue injury caused by PM2.5 indicating by histological, serum, and protein analyses were examined.

Results
AST significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced myocardial tissue injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, the release of inflammatory factors, and cardiomyocyte H9C2 cell damage. Mechanistically, AST pretreatment increased the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4 and down-regulated the expression of TfR1, FTL and FTH1 in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
Our study suggest that ferroptosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte injury induced by PM2.5. AST may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating cardiomyocyte injury caused by PM2.5 through the inhibition of ferroptosis.
Identification of Genomic Regions for Deep-Water Resistance in Rice for Efficient Weed Control with Reduced Herbicide Use
Authors: Iwasa Marina , Chigira Koki , Nomura Tomohiro , Adachi Shunsuke , Asami Hidenori , Nakamura Tetsuya , Motobayashi Takashi , Ookawa Taiichiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeep-water (DW) management in rice fields is a promising technique for efficient control of paddy weeds with reduced herbicide use. Maintaining a water depth of 10–20 cm for several weeks can largely suppress the weed growth, though it also inhibits rice growth because the DW management is usually initiated immediately after transplanting. Improving the DW resistance of rice during the initial growth stage is essential to avoid suppressing growth. In this study, we demonstrate a large genetic variation in the above-ground biomass (AGB) after the end of DW management among 165 temperate japonica varieties developed in Japan. Because the AGB closely correlated with plant length (PL) and tiller number (TN) at the early growth stage, we analyzed genomic regions associated with PL and TN by conducting a genome-wide association study. For PL, a major peak was detected on chromosome 3 (qPL3), which includes a gene encoding gibberellin biosynthesis, OsGA20ox1. The rice varieties with increased PL had a higher expression level of OsGA20ox1 as reported previously. For TN, a major peak was detected on chromosome 4 (qTN4), which includes NAL1 gene associated with leaf morphological development and panicle number. Although there was less difference in the expression level of NAL1 between genotypes, our findings suggest that an amino acid substitution in the exon region is responsible for the phenotypic changes. We also found that the rice varieties having alternative alleles of qPL3 and qTN4 showed significantly higher AGB than the varieties with the reference alleles. Our results suggest that OsGA20ox1 and NAL1 are promising genes for improving DW resistance in rice.