bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens at a hilly area in Uttarakhand
Authors: Negi Nidhi , Rawat Pankaj , Chandola Iva , Husain Uneza , Priyadarshi Ketan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in all age groups, especially young children and the elderly population. Various gram-positive and gram-negative organisms such as Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp. have been implicated as a pathogen in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens collected from such patients.

Aims and Rationale of the Study:
The present study is aimed at assessing the spectrum of the bacterial isolates and determining the antimicrobial resistance obtained from the BAL fluid from admitted patients at various wards and intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital in Dehradun.This will be the stepping stone in our efforts toward becoming a future antimicrobial steward and framing local antibiograms based on such data.

Material and Methods:
Two hundred BAL specimens were collected from patients admitted to various wards and ICUs of the hospital who were suffering from LRTI. The BAL specimens were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed.

Results:
The most predominant isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16/39 (41.02%)) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7/39 (17.94%)) and Acinetobacter spp. (6/39 (15.38%)). Sixty-five percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 71% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 83% of Acinetobacter spp. showed intermediate results with colistin.

Conclusion:
Nonfermenters constitute a significant group of organisms isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Hence, it is extremely important to correctly identify and determine the resistance pattern of such isolates so that appropriate empirical therapy can be initiated for the benefit of the patient.
Metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy adults residing in Delhi: Do vegetarian diets have a protective effect?
Authors: Kaur Harmeet , Aeri Bani Tamber 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has reached epidemic levels, mainly attributed to sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, and obesity. Improved health is one of the reasons why people adopt a vegetarian diet. There are now sufficient data to support the health benefits of a vegetarian diet. However, the presumed beneficial health effects of a vegetarian diet are still unclear, particularly in the Indian context. This study assesses MetS among healthy urban adults following vegetarian and nonvegetarian diets and explores the protective role of vegetarian diets if any.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 healthy adults (35–60 years). An equal number of vegetarian and nonvegetarian male and female subjects were enrolled as per operational definitions. The prevalence of MetS was based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria.

Results:
The prevalence of MetS was the same among vegetarians (47.5%) and nonvegetarians (47%, P = 1). Regression analysis showed that the MetS score was significantly associated with age (β: 0.04, CI: 0.02–0.05, P < 0.001), gender (β: 0.51, CI: 0.29–0.74, P < 0.001), and physical activity (β: −0.27, CI: −0.55 to 0.01, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant association found between the prevalence of MetS and the type of diet (β: 0.13, CI: −0.10 to 0.36, P = 0.261).

Conclusions:
The study highlights a high prevalence of MetS among healthy urban adults residing in Delhi, India. The data, thus, show that a vegetarian diet did not have any protective impact against MetS, thus highlighting that it is important to consider the variations and quality of the vegetarian diets that negatively affect the body composition and contribute to the development of subsequent risk of developing MetS.
Errors in diabetic insulin therapy and the vitality of proper precautions in Bangladesh: Real-life insights from the developing world
Authors: Tulsan Suresh K. , Laila Rona , Patel Harshkumar , Dave Vyapti , Mary Rabeya M. , Sham Sunder , Anjali FNU , Jaladi Soumya , Kumar Sanjay Kirshan , Singhania Priya , Podder Vivek , Rahman Md Ferdous , Agarwala Isheka 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Insulin therapy errors can have life-threatening consequences in patients with diabetes. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and insulin therapy in Bangladesh, it is crucial to identify and prevent these errors. This study uses case-based clinical experiences to thematically analyze insulin therapy errors and propose preventive measures. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the challenges faced in managing insulin therapy in a developing country setting and the importance of involving various stakeholders.

Materials and Methods:
This is a qualitative research that used a case study approach to identify and analyze errors in insulin therapy in diabetic patients who had experienced adverse clinical consequences. The cases were thematically analyzed to generate insights into current global health problems resulting from erroneous insulin therapy.

Results:
The two case studies highlight potential risks of errors in insulin therapy, including poor glycemic control, complications, and death. The analysis also highlights the importance of careful monitoring, checks, and communication among health-care providers, patients, and pharmacists to prevent such errors. In addition, it emphasizes the need for education and awareness among patients and health-care providers to ensure safe and effective insulin therapy.

Conclusion:
Accurate insulin therapy is crucial for diabetes management and preventing adverse outcomes. Identified themes emphasize improved communication, education, and monitoring to minimize therapy errors. Insights from this study can inform policies and practices for better patient outcomes. Further research can identify the root causes and develop interventions to prevent errors, leading to improved quality of life for diabetics.
The spectrum of parasitic infections with emphasis on the clinico-epidemiological characteristics and risk factors among immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients at a university hospital in Northern India
Authors: Kar Mitra , Singh Romya , Tejan Nidhi , Sahu Chinmoy , Tiwari Ritika , Jain Mudra , Kumar Awadhesh , Patel Sangram S. , Goyal Urvashi , Ghoshal Ujjala 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Intestinal parasitic infections pose a substantial threat to public health and are a huge burden to the economic development of a developing country. We aimed to identify the spectrum of intestinal parasitic infections with an emphasis on demographic and clinical characteristics observed among immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.

Materials and Methods:
This observational study was performed in the Parasitology section of the Department of Microbiology from January 2022 to July 2022. A total of 2628 stool samples were obtained from patients presenting with chief complaints of abdominal pain, distension, vomiting, and foul-smelling feces. All the clinical and diagnostic data of the patients enrolled in the above-mentioned period were extracted from the ward files, hospital electronic records, and laboratory registers.

Result:
A total of 2628 stool samples were sent to the Parasitology section of the Department of Microbiology. Out of the above-mentioned samples, 70 (70/2628, 2.66%) samples yielded gastrointestinal parasites on microscopic examination. The mean age of the patients included in our cohort study was 32.53 ± 16.21 years with a male predominance of 72.86% (51/70, 72.86%). The most common gastrointestinal parasite identified from stool samples was Giardia lamblia (61/70, 87.14%). All cases of opportunistic gastrointestinal infection caused by Cryptosporidium spp. (4/70, 5.71%) in our study cohort were found to infest the immunocompromised patients.

Conclusion:
This study determines the spectrum of intestinal parasitic infections among the immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals and guides physicians in starting appropriate anti-parasitic treatment along with the instillation of strict hand hygiene techniques.
Knowledge and attitude regarding monkeypox among Saudi MOH primary healthcare nurses in Jeddah: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Theban Ali A. , Samman Ayman A. , Jayash Khadeja M. , Jayash Elaf M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Knowledge of monkeypox can be utilized to prevent and control possible new cases of monkeypox. Access to knowledge regarding monkeypox can help the health worker to determine the suspected cases of monkeypox and enhance Ministry of Health (MOH) efforts for good prevention and control of the disease that leads to reduced incidences. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of and attitude toward monkeypox disease among nurses.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among nurses working at MOH primary health care centers in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between November 1 and December 31, 2022. A structured self-administered questionnaire was utilized in data collection including sections, the demographic information, work experience, respondent’s knowledge of monkeypox, and nurses’ attitude toward monkeypox.

Results:
A total of 195 nurses were included in the study. Females represented 56.4% of them, and almost half (50.3%) aged between 35 and 44 years. The history of hearing about monkeypox was reported by the majority (88.2%) of the participated nurses. Overall, a good level of knowledge regarding monkeypox disease was observed among 16.9% of the nurses, whereas 30.8% of them had a poor level of knowledge. Nurses in the age group of 45–54 years, non-Saudis, and technicians/specialists were more knowledgeable about monkeypox disease compared to their peers. More than half of the nurses (57.9%) expressed positive attitude toward monkeypox disease, particularly more experienced nurses (>5 years) and those with good knowledge about the disease.

Conclusion:
Although the majority of nurses were aware of monkeypox disease, their knowledge about the disease was mostly poor to fair. However, they expressed positive attitude toward the disease. There is a need to organize educational programs for them about the disease, and this may assist the higher authorities to improve monkeypox prevention and control.
A Study to Assess Burden on Caregivers of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Gul Deepali , Singla Swati , Sidhu Gulbahar Singh , Sareen Himanshu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Substance use disorder is global problem associated with significant socio-occupational dysfunction. It has been increasingly realized that it should be conceptualized as affecting a family and not just an individual. This study aimed at assessing the caregivers’ burden in opioid dependence in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Punjab.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study where the sample comprised 50 patients diagnosed with opioid dependence, as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria and their 50 caregivers. The caregivers’ burden was assessed with the help of the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiving Burden Scale, which is a subject-rated scale.

Results:
Most of the patients (54%) as well as the caregivers (30%) were 21–30 years of age, with male predominance and belonged to rural area, were unmarried, living in a nuclear family, and had a middle socioeconomic status. Most of the patients (88%) reported consuming “Heroin” and 64% reported using two or more than two substances. The mean age of first use of opioid was found out to be 21.8 years, the mean duration of the illness was 8.04 years, and the mean number of relapses was 2.94. About 58% of caregivers had moderate objective burden, 98% had severe subjective burden, and 78% had severe subjective demand burden.

Conclusions:
There is an urgent need to target the community awareness programs at the adolescent age group and a need to focus on the family rather than the individual patient, in the backdrop of the findings of this study.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Loss- and Gain-framed Tobacco Cessation Messages on Smoking Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohapatra Subhashree , Mohandas Rahul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The current systematic review aimed to compare the available literature on the effect of loss-and gain-framed tobacco cessation messages on smokers. Databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Lilac, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched comprehensively from the earliest available date till May 31, 2023. Observational, prospective experimental studies, and randomized controlled trials were included in the review. Ten full-text articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were further processed for the data extraction. Gain-framed messages were preferred by majority of the study participants over loss-framed messages in motivating them to quit. Smokers have been exposed to loss-framed warning messages quite frequently (like on cigarette packets), and as a result, they may have learned everything there is to know about the potential harms of smoking, perhaps leading to wear-out effects. Gain-framed messages could be perceived as feeling fairly fresh, which lowers the risk of wear-out consequences. However, the outcome varied based on the moderators used in the studies. Based on the results, a strategic combination of gain-framed and loss-framed messages with appropriate moderators and long follow-up needs to be developed based on the study population for assessing the effectiveness of these messages on actual smoking behavior and habit cessation.
Asymptomatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Clavicle Fracture
Authors: Rahman Ebin , Sugath Subin , Rajan Sreeraj 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all cancer cases. The classical triad of hematuria, loin pain, and mass per abdomen is rarely seen. RCC commonly metastasizes to the lungs, bones, and liver. Clavicle metastasis as the sole presentation of RCC is extremely rare. A 61-year-old man presented with pain and swelling over the left clavicle. Imaging revealed a lytic lesion with pathological fracture of the left clavicle, with a histopathological diagnosis of metastasis from clear cell RCC. Subsequent imaging of the abdomen revealed a right kidney mass. He underwent right partial nephrectomy and total left cleidectomy. At 30-month follow-up, he is free of disease with good limb function. Solitary skeletal metastasis from RCC is rare, of which clavicle metastasis as the initial presentation is extremely rare. The overall prognosis of metastatic RCC is poor, emphasizing the importance of identification of the pathological nature of the fracture, for early detection and prompt treatment of the primary tumor in its early stage, thereby improving the chances of overall survival.
Novel Endoscopic Approach for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Functional Outcomes - A Prospective Study
Authors: Jyothiprasanth M. , Jithin C. R. , Thomas Akhil K. , Stanley Antony 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), a common entrapment neuropathy, can cause debilitating symptoms affecting hand function and sleep. While conservative treatments are initially attempted, surgical intervention becomes necessary for severe cases. The study introduces endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) as a minimally invasive alternative to open procedures to enhance patient outcomes.

Methods:
A prospective study from January 2019 to January 2022 investigated arthroscope-assisted carpal tunnel release for CTS. Patients with chronic medical conditions were excluded. The surgical procedure involved local anesthesia, a 1.5 cm incision, flexor retinaculum release under arthroscopic guidance, and postoperative care. Outcomes were assessed using the Global Symptom Scoring Scale (GSS).

Results:
The affected population (n = 60) had a mean age of 47.58 years, with 42 females and 18 males. Common symptoms included numbness (43.3%), paresthesia (35%), and weakness (13%). Most patients (67.1%) had no comorbidities. Complications were minimal (5.0% paresthesia, 1.7% scar tenderness, and 3.3% infection). The mean preoperative GSS was 38.57, reducing significantly (P < 0.001) to 4.6 at 12 months’ follow-up.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of ECTR as a minimally invasive alternative for severe cases of CTS. With a low rate of complications and significant improvement in symptoms, including numbness, paresthesia, weakness, and surgeon expertise remains vital for successful outcomes.
Irregular cusps of orthogonal modular varieties
Authors: Ma Shouhei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Irregular cusps of an orthogonal modular variety are cusps where the lattice for Fourier expansion is strictly smaller than the lattice of translation. The presence of such a cusp affects the study of pluricanonical forms on the modular variety using modular forms. We study toroidal compactification over an irregular cusp, and clarify there the cusp form criterion for the calculation of Kodaira dimension. At the same time, we show that irregular cusps do not arise frequently: besides the cases when the group is neat or contains

$-1$

, we prove that the stable orthogonal groups of most (but not all) even lattices have no irregular cusp.
Child abuse and kinship guardianship: social work and indigenization perspectives in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Fentiny 
Published: February 2024

Indigenization was an essential issue in social work; however, it was hardly explored in previous studies on child abuse related to kinship guardianship. This article aimed to describe the assessment of eligibility of the alternative caregiver and examine the intervention for the permanency plan of the abused child. The abused child was removed from Western culture to his grandfather living in the Eastern context. This study employed a qualitative approach with seventeen participants. Data-gathering techniques included document search, in-depth interviews, observation, and drawing analysis. The assessment of the eligibility of the grandfather that applied systems theory and indigenization showed that the grandfather was eligible as the alternative caregiver. At the intervention phase, an emphasis on indigenization led to guardianship -not adoption- as an option for the child's best interest. The implications for social work practice and education were that indigenization should be given more space, especially in multicultural societies; when alternative care is required, Indonesian and African social workers should encourage the kinship form, considering strong community ties as the social capital; future research should focus on indigenization in permanency plan for abused disabled children.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Nugroho, F. (2023). Child abuse and kinship guardianship: social work and indigenization pperspectives in Indonesia. African Journal of Social Work, 13(5), 224-234. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i5.1
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Digital Competence on Employee Performance Mediates Digital Transformation in English Language Education Institutions in Malang City
Authors: Thalib Abbadi Said , Sary Fetty Poerwita , Witjara Edi 
Published: February 2024

From the existing phenomenon, with so many course institutions in Malang and in order to continue to exist as the choice of English course seekers in Malang, it is necessary for all institutions to have good service performance for consumers. Likewise for teachers at the English course institution. A teacher also has demands on their performance in improving learning activities along with the times, including today, when technological advances are increasingly utilized by society as a whole. From the explanation of the phenomenon, it directly explains if there is an influence of culture and competence on the performance of a person, including educators or in an educational institution through digital transformation that occurs. In an institution or organization certainly has a culture that is formed and also the competence skills of organizational members that affect their performance as members of educators. In this era of digital transformation, educators are highly required to be able to adapt to the influence of digital technology developments that affect their performance in providing material. The purpose of research can be exploratory or descriptive or causal, these three properties of study depend on the stage at which knowledge of the topic under study increases. In this study, researchers used causal studies where one variable caused the other variable to change or not. In causal studies it is used to explain one or more factors that cause problems (Sekaran &; Bougie, 2017). The characteristics of respondents in this study were based on age, gender, and length of work. The characteristics of these respondents were identified based on questionnaires collected, namely in accordance with the sample in this study, namely 113 in English Language Education Institutions in Malang City, including English First (EF), Intensive English Course (IEC), Mayantara School and Malang International School (MIS).
The study of the influence of external factors on the development of the innovation environment in the sectors of the national economy and the social sphere
Authors: Семенов Д.А. 
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию современных внешних факторов, оказывающих влияние на развитие инновационной среды в отраслях национальной экономики и социальной сфере. Отмечается, что процессы, трансформирующие архитектуру экономической среды, подпитываются в последние годы сложной геополитической обстановкой и влиянием ожесточенных санкций со стороны недружественных стран на экономику России. Также сильное воздействие на развитие кризисных тенденций оказала пандемия коронавируса, экономические и социальные последствия которой остаются не до конца изученными. Обосновано, что наряду с несомненным негативным влиянием и торможением экономического роста пандемия послужила стимулом для развития новых направлений, основанных на использовании цифровых сервисов и технологий, и адаптации бизнеса к изменяющимся внешним условиям.
The article is devoted to the study of modern external factors influencing the development of the innovation environment in the sectors of the national economy and the social sphere. It is noted that the processes transforming the architecture of the economic environment have been fueled in recent years by the difficult geopolitical situation and the impact of fierce sanctions from unfriendly countries on the Russian economy. The coronavirus pandemic also had a strong impact on the development of crisis trends, the economic and social consequences of which remain not fully understood. It is proved that along with the undoubted negative impact and slowdown in economic growth, the pandemic served as an incentive for the development of new directions based on the use of digital services and technologies, and the adaptation of business to changing external conditions.