bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active/Inverse Voice Alternation
Authors: Ura Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The construction that I will call here inverse almost corresponds to what has been called Subject-Object Inversion (e.g., Hale 1973) or Subject-Object Reversal (e.g., Kimenyi 1980) in the literature. According to Fox and Hopper (1994), an inverse clause is an active transitive clause in which the patient/theme/object has certain subject properties. In this chapter I am particularly concerned with an inverse construction that possesses the following remarkable properties: (1) The word order of the logical subject (SUBJ) and the logical object (OBJ) in the active transitive clause is changed so that the positions of OBJ and SUBJ are inverted (with V as the pivot in Bantu); (2) the inverted logical object (OBJ) acquires some of the properties of subject (i.e., subjecthood); and (3) the logical subject (SUBJ) partially loses its subjecthood but it is not demoted in the sense that it stands as nominative Case without any preposition (or postposition). The name inverse stems from the property (1). Because of the properties in (2) and (3), it has been held in the literature that inverse is a kind of voice alternation (cf. Klaiman 1991 and Palmer 1994). These properties (i.e., (2) and (3)) are of particular interest to us, because we can think of inverse as a GF-splitting phenomenon due to these properties.1
Dative Subject Constructions
Authors: Ura Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I will investigate the syntactic properties of the so-called “Dative/Quirky Subject Construction,” which has recently been attracting much attention in the literature, because it poses some very interesting problems to the theory of Case and agreement. In addition, still more interesting to our concern is the fact that some GF-splitting phenomena are involved in this construction.
Locative Inversion
Authors: Ura Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapters I have crucially utilized the notion equidistance under the theory of Attract proposed by Chomsky (1995a). Under this theory, the local and strictly stepwise economy condition (Collins 1996 and Ura 1995c) guarantees that the application of Attract to α is as economical as the application of Attract to β only if α. and β are equidistant from the target. It follows that either a or b can be attracted by some feature to a position if they are in the same minimal domain at the stage in the derivation before that operation (see §1.4.4). In this chapter I will add a piece of evidence in favor of this, drawing examples from the locative inversion construction in Bantu and in Japanese.
Conclusion and Further Issues
Authors: Ura Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book, through examining varieties of grammatical function splitting phenomena found in various languages, I devoted myself to elucidating the significance of the theory of multiple feature checking, which is a conceptually natural extension of Chomsky’s (1995a) theory of formal features and their checking. In the course of the discussions, I established the hypothesis about grammatical functions (GFs) in a structure-independent fashion under the bare phrase structure theory of Chomsky (1994a).
Speech and Hearing
Authors: Loritz Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapters we reviewed the central nervous system and introduced adaptive resonance theory (ART) as a system for modeling it. Most of the data presented in those chapters dealt with vision. Language, however, deals primarily with sound. Therefore, in this chapter we will first consider some essential, physical facts of speech. We will then see how these physical data are processed by the ear and the auditory nervous system into the signals that the cerebrum ultimately processes as language.
Null Movement
Authors: Loritz Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the structures of 10.1 and 10.2 are metathesized, they mean the same thing. In both sentences, Mary gets kissed, and John does the kissing. Linguists say that 10.1 is in the active voice and 10.2 is in the passive voice. Chomsky recognized that if we represented 10.l in a tree structure like figure 10.1, then the derivation of 10.2 from 10.1 could be described by simply swapping the two noun phrase (NP) nodes. He called this a transformation, and the earliest forms of generative syntax were accordingly known as transformational grammar.
An Economic Look at Incentives Within Firms
Authors: McKenzie Richard B , Lee Dwight R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Conventional Economic mscussmNs of how firms are managed, incentives are nowhere considered. This is the case because the “firm” is little more than a theoretical “black box” in which things happen some-what mysteriously. Economists typically acknowledge that the “firm” is the basic production unit, but little or nothing is said of why the firm ever came into existence or, for that matter, what the firm is. As a consequence, we are told little about why firms do what they do (and don’t do). There is nothing in conventional discussions that tells us about the role of real people in a firm.
The Value of Tough Bosses
Authors: McKenzie Richard B , Lee Dwight R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Being (Or Having) A Tough Boss is tough, but a boss who isn’t tough isn’t worth much. And because tough bosses are valuable and lenient bosses are not, there is a reason for believing that existing organizational arrangements serve to impose the discipline on bosses necessary to ensure that they do a good job imposing discipline on the workforce. Competition presses firms to hire tough bosses, and, as we show in this chapter, the owners of the firm, or their manager-agents, not the workers, tend to the bosses. That is to say, owners or their agents tend to boss workers, not the other way around, for the simple reason that worker-bosses will not likely survive in competitive markets. Workers may not like tough bosses, but we explain that, if given the option, workers would choose to hire tough bosses.
Paying Above-Market Wages
Authors: McKenzie Richard B , Lee Dwight R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Henry Ford 1s Remembered for his organizational inventiveness (the assembly line) and for his presumption that he could ignore the wishes of his customers (as in his claim that he was willing to give buyers any color car they wanted so long as it was black!). However, he outdid himself when it came to workers. In 1914, he stunned his board of directors by proposing to raise his workers’ wages to $3 a day, a third higher than the going wage ($2.20 a day) in the Detroit automobile industry at the time. “When one of his board members wondered out loud why he was not considering giving workers even more, a wage of $4 or $5 a day, Ford quickly agreed to go to $5, more than twice the prevailing market wage. “
Executive “Overpayments”
Authors: McKenzie Richard B , Lee Dwight R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many Workers at the bottom of the typical large corporate pyramid grumble that their companies’ executives are living off the fat of the workers’ efforts and that the executives could not possibly be worth their overblown annual salaries (often running into the tens of millions). On the surface, those who grumble seem to have a point. The CEO of Time Warner, for example, made more than $137 million during the last five years of the 1980s, more than half of which, $78 million, was received in one year alone (and $75 million of that year’s compensation was in the form of a bonus provided as a reward for the merger of Time, Inc., and Warner Communications, which he helped orchestrate). However, a number of other CEOs made several tens of millions during the same period that the Time Warner CEO was pocketing his fortune.1 The astronomical levels of executives’ reported compensation prompt many workers and stockholders to argue that their companies would be better served if much of the executives’ compensation and perks were used to pad the pay of lower-echelon workers.
The Case Against the Case Against Incentives
Authors: McKenzie Richard B , Lee Dwight R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having Written A Book on the importance of incentives, and on getting those incentives right, it is easy for us to leave the impression that everyone believes that incentives are important. But we would be wrong if we did. There are analysts who have reached conclusions very different from ours on the basis of their studies of the effects of incentives on behavior. Our view is that people respond in predictable ways to incentives. If you want people to do more of something, you increase the payoff they receive from doing it. The payoff can take many different forms, but money is a common and extremely effective one.
When Performance Does Not Matter Human Resource Management in Japanese-Owned U.S. Affiliates
Authors: Pucik Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the themes in this book is organizational learning ofJapanese MNCs (JMNCs). Another theme running though many of the chapters is the critical role of human resource management (HRM) in the globalization of Japanese firms. In this chapter I look at both of these issues by drawing on qualitative and quantitative data on management practices in Japanese affiliates operating in the United States my colleagues and I have collected over the past 20 years (Brecher & Pucik, 1979; Hatvany & Pucik, 1981; Pucik, 1993; Pucik, Hanada, & Fiefield, 1989). In this context, the chapter specifically focuses on white-collar HRM. With the data collected in a major study of management practices in the Japanese-owned affiliates in the United States (Pucik, Hanada, & Fiefield, 1989) as a base and observations from follow-up field research, I use the findings to illustrate the “Japanese” approach to globalization, the reasons why so little has changed in Japanese management overseas over the past two decades, and why so little has been “learned.”
What Are the Contexts for German Antisemitism?
Authors: Eley Geoff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the past two decades the scholarly discussion of the Nazi Judeocide has shifted attention away from the question of long-term origins and toward the immediate contexts of Nazism. The intelligibility of National Socialism as movement and regime, its prehistories and the place of antisemitism in its formation have all been addressed increasingly as problems of the years 1918-1945, to be explored via analysis of the Third Reich itself and the preceding crises of Germany’s social and political order between the end of the Kaiserreich and the collapse of the Weimar Republic. The contrary approach, which sees antisemitism in particular as a uniquely German phenomenon stretching back far into the early modem and medieval periods, has become much less common than, say, in the 1960s, when the scholarly research was just beginning. Given the strength of this current emphasis on immediate contexts, which is very much the prevailing trend, such calls to situate the Judeocide in the deep nineteenth century of German history now start to seem like a radical departure. True, the current scholarship on Nazism is certainly not insensitive to longer-term contexts. It definitely holds a place for the critical relevance of the Kaiserreich (between Bismarck’s unification of Germany and the First World War), for instance, and since the Fischer Controversy of the 1960s and the associated influence of the so-called Bielefeld School of critical social-science historians, the relevance of structural continuities between the later nineteenth century and the Third Reich has been repeatedly acknowledged.
The Image as Witness
Authors: Shandler Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the final weeks of the war in Europe, most Americans learned about the events now known as the Holocaust from newspapers, radio broadcasts, and newsreels shown in movie theaters. Television, however, was not an early source of information on this subject. The nation’s fledgling televi-sion broadcasting industry of the late 1930s had been all but completely shut down once the United States entered the war and was not reestablished until after the war’s end. The Holocaust is part of the prehistory of television as a national broadcasting medium.
Confessions
Authors: Johnson David T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If high conviction rates are the pride of Japan’s procuracy, then confessions are its cornerstone. Indeed, many of the procuracy’s major achievements have been built on the foundation of confessions. As we have seen, justice implies “consistency,” and being consistenttreating like cases alike requires detailed knowledge of case facts. Frontline prosecutors “uncover and construct” those facts chiefly by seeking thorough confessions. Similarly, the procuracy’s stress on “correcting” offenders is based on the beliefs that remorse is a requisite step toward reform and that prosecutors can generate genuine repentance. The tie with convictions is equally tight. When suspects confess, prosecutors charge about two-thirds of the time. When suspects do not confess, prosecutors seldom charge. Only about one in fourteen defendants contest the charges against them. Thus, a confession is nearly a necessary condition for indictment, and the conservative charging policyto charge only winners, and to gauge the probability of prevailing by the quality of the confession is the primaryproximate cause of Japan’s high conviction rate.
Sentiment & Celebrity
Authors: Baker Thomas N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sentiment and Celebrity tells the story of a man the New York Times once called “the most talked-about author in America.” A widely admired, if controversial, master of the sentimental appeal, poet and “magazinist” Nathaniel Parker Willis (1806-1867) was a pioneer in the modern business of celebrity. By charting the shape and thrust of the various controversies that surrounded Willis, this book shows how the cultural and commercial impulses that fostered the development of antebellum America’s love affair with fame and fashion drew power and sustenance from the concurrent allure of genteel cultivation and sentiment.
“Always More To Do”: Capital Punishment And The (De)Composition Of Law
Authors: Fitzpatrick Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To begin, or even to attempt a beginning, is already to deny the reign of finality. It may be as well to summon such reassurance at a time when progressive, rational utilitarian arguments for punishing and not punishing are very much at bay and retribution seems so conclusively resurgent. That outcome is perhaps nowhere so marked as in the revival of capital punishment in the United States. Not only has the rise of capital punishment put paid to evolutionary optimism about the meliorative history of punishment-an optimism that was hardly dented by those revisionist histories most conspicuously associated with Foucault-but it has also contributed to a sense of the futility of committed intellectual work on capital punishment, to a certain terminal perplexity. Hugo Bedau no less, while “still nursing the unconquerable hope,” pessimistically concluded a recent survey of capital punishrne.1t in the United States by noting that “more has been investigated, researched, written, litigated, and publicly argued against the death penalty in America ... than in the rest of the world combined.” And Roger Hood begins the new edition of his “world-wide perspective” on the death penalty by noting that “no one can embark upon a study of the death penalty without making the commonplace observation that from a philosophical and policy standpoint there appears to be nothing new to be said.”
The Executioner’s Dissonant Song: On Capital Punishment And American Legal Values
Authors: Zimring Franklin E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay concerns the implications of the practice of capital punishment on American legal values and procedures. I argue that a conflict between the death penalty and legal values takes place at three levels. First, any death penalty conflicts with substantive principles of human dignity in obvious ways. This is why proponents of the penalty avoid phrasing their arguments as if basic questions of the constitution of government were at issue. Second, attempts to reduce the delays that bog down executions necessarily undermine the integrity of the legal process in death penalty cases. Third, the compromises made to speed up executions threaten respect for due process throughout the criminal justice system in jurisdictions that execute. The conflict about executions in the United States is not, in this view, a temporary phenomenon associated with a transition toward executing prisoners as business-as-usual. Instead, the clash between the operational needs of an execution system and the principles and procedures of American legal culture is fundamental. Either the basic rules and values will change or the practice of execution will remain infrequent, conflict-laden, and problematic. Capital punishment can only come to be regarded as normal state behavior by reimagining fundamental principles of fairness in criminal justice.
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Authors: Gutierrez Yezid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The parasitic species associated with infections under natural, accidental laboratory, or experimental conditions, with cutaneous larva migrans and their definitive hosts are the following: Biology. The port of entry to the definitive host by infective larvae of hookworms (see Chapter 13) and of Strongyloides (see Chapter 12) is the skin; species of Ancylostoma may also use the oral route (see Chapter 13). In both cases the larvae migrate to the intestine and develop into adults. In nature, the larvae of theseparasitic species may accidentally or purposely invade hosts other than their normal definitive hosts, remaining dormant in the tissues (see Chapter 13). For example, the larvae of A. caninum in abnormal hosts migrate from the skin and distribute throughout the skeletal muscle cells (Lee et al. 1973, 1975; Nichols, 1956), and the larvae of A. tubaeforme of cats invade the salivary glands and nasopharyngeal epithelium (Norris, 1973). In these tissues, the larvae remain in a state of paratenism.
A Process-Oriented Account of Accelerated Internationalization
Authors: Mathews John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early attempts to develop a theory of international expansion coincided with attempts to come to grips with the phenomenon of the multinational enterprise (MNE)-both as an important business development calling for new economic evaluation and as a potential threat to states and firms in host countries. Neoclassical trade theory, which dominated international economics in the 1960 and 1970s, had no way of accounting for the existence of the MNE.
Implications for Managing Information Technology
Authors: Lucas Henry C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic premise of this book is that information technology can and does produce value for the organization. Firms rarely reduce their stock of technology; they continually add new applications. Occasionally an organization replaces and updates existing applications, but in general the amount of technology in firms is constantly increasing. While an estimated 50 percent of capital spending in the United States is for technology, the total stock of IT is estimated at about 2 percent to 5 percent of all assets. If you add the cost of software, telecommunications, and other office equipment, the total gets to almost 12 percent of assets (Gibbs 1997). Many of the companies discussed in this book find technology to be a pervasive element in their operations. Firms like VeriFone, Calyx and Corolla, Chrysler, and many others depend on the technology to operate.
Pseudogapping Puzzles
Authors: Lasnik Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I explore some of the properties of the so-called pseudogapping construction. This construction is in important respects reminiscent of VP ellipsis, except that it leaves behind an element of the VP as a remnant. I begin by summarizing the analysis of Lasnik (1995c), which is based on the important proposal of Jayaseelan (1990) that pseudogapping is simply VP ellipsis, with the remnant having moved out of the VP. I argue that Jayaseelan’s basic proposal is correct, except for the specific movement rule he invokes, heavy NP shift. I argue, instead that the movement rule involved is “object shift,” overt raising to Spec of Agr0• In the course of the presentation, I deal with a number of puzzles that arise, among them certain cases of apparent overgeneration. Finally, I consider the proposal of Bouton (1970) and Lappin (1992) that “antecedent-contained deletion” is derived via pseudogapping, and argue, along with Fiengo and May (1992), that the proposal is only half right, accounting for some ACD instances but not others. I conclude by discussing alternative hypotheses for the latter type of ACD.
The Anatomy of Manufacturing Routines an Information View
Authors: Fujimoto Takahiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now that we have considered the history of manufacturing at Toyota and its overall evolutionary capability, we can focus on the routinized aspects of the system. In this chapter, I examine the “anatomy” and “physiology” of manufacturing routines-or a company’s routinized manufacturing and learning capabilities. In other words, as shown in figure 4.1, what follows is an analysis of the structures of manufacturing routines and an explanation of how they generate functional consequence, or competitive performance.
Implementation and Control: Doing It and Learning
Authors: Ackoff Russell L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Implementation consists of translating the means selected in means planning into instructions that specify who is to do what, where, and when. Control consists of monitoring all planning decisions, including implementation decisions, to determine the validity of the expectations associated with them and the assumptions on which these expectations are based. If the expectations are not realized, control involves determining why (diagnosis) and trying to correct the decision to take the deviation into account (prescription). Control also involves making relevant corrective changes in the actions taken if the assumptions turn out to be wrong. It is only through the exercise of control that organizational learning can take place as rapidly and effectively as possible.
History
Authors: Haarmann Harald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethnic processes are as old as human history. Ever since the appearance of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), cultural diversity and the variety of patterns of social behavior associated with it have been a part of the archeological record humans have left behind. Cultural diversity has been a major factor in the formation of local groups among humans from earliest times (Megarry 1995). Awareness of cultural boundary marking among local groups has been an element of a group’s self-identification, of its orientation in a local cultural environment, and of its categorization of outsiders. These elements of awareness have contributed to the evolution of group cohesion and to the construction of in-group solidarity, the collective equivalent of the self contrasted with the collective other, that is, out-group members.