bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical Bronchoconstriction with Albuterol Administered by Metered-Dose Inhaler and Nebulizer Solution
Authors: Spooner Linda M , Olin Jacqueline L 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVE To report a case of a patient who experienced bronchoconstriction following both a single dose of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler and a subsequent rechallenge with nebulized albuterol and review previously published case reports of albuterol-induced paradoxical bronchoconstriction. CASE SUMMARY A 92-year-old white man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was prescribed an albuterol inhaler for treatment of cold symptoms. Within 30 minutes of his first inhalation, he became short of breath and had difficulty speaking. During emergency department examination for the initial event, the bronchospasm improved with administration of oxygen 15 L/min via a non-rebreather mask. Two hours later, the patient received albuterol via nebulizer and experienced stridor, shortness of breath, and severe bronchospasm. He was admitted, treated with methylprednisolone, and discharged the following day. DISCUSSION Paradoxical bronchoconstriction is a rare complication of bronchodilator therapy. Although theories have been proposed about components of albuterol solutions and preservatives as causative agents, the true mechanism of the phenomenon remains unknown. Several previous case reports described bronchospasm with albuterol given via tablet, inhaler, and nebulizer. In 2 of these cases, symptoms recurred upon rechallenge; however, none of these cases demonstrates rechallenge using albuterol as both the index and challenge agent. In our patient, paradoxical bronchoconstriction was considered to be probable according to the Naranjo probability scale. CONCLUSIONS β2-Agonists are generally well-tolerated medications. However, clinicians should remain vigilant in their monitoring of adverse effects so they will be able to provide immediate care and minimize the chance of an unfavorable outcome.
Probabilistic Analysis of the Creep Crack Growth Rate of Type 316LN Stainless Steel by the Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Kim W-G , Yoon S-N , Ryu W-S , Kim S-J , Yi W 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
This paper presents a probabilistic analysis for evaluating the creep crack growth rate (CCGR) of type 316LN stainless steel. The CCGR data was obtained from the creep crack growth tests, which are conducted under various applied loads at 600°C. The crack growth rate was characterized as a function of the C* fracture parameter. In order to logically obtain the B and q values in the CCGR equation of a=B(C*)q, three methods of the least square fitting method (LSFM), a mean value method (MVM), and a probabilistic distribution method (PDM) were adopted. Also, using the Monte Carlo simulation, a number of random variables was generated, and the CCGR lines were predicted probabilistically. The three methods did not show a large difference in the CCGR lines, but the PDM was most useful because the CCGR line can be evaluated with a probabilistic reliability. Both the B and q coefficients followed a lognormal distribution, even though the B ones were a little scattered for the points of the data. In the case of a standard deviation of 1 σ for the probability variables, P (B,q), the results of the MCS and the PDM for the distribution ranges of the CCGR lines were compared and discussed.
Empirical Analysis of the STR Profiles Resulting from Conceptual Mixtures
Authors: Paoletti DR , Doom TE , Krane CM , Raymer ML , Krane DE 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Samples containing DNA from two or more individuals can be difficult to interpret. Even ascertaining the number of contributors can be challenging and associated uncertainties can have dramatic effects on the interpretation of testing results. Using an FBI genotypes dataset, containing complete genotype information from the 13 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) loci for 959 individuals, all possible mixtures of three individuals were exhaustively and empirically computed. Allele sharing between pairs of individuals in the original dataset, a randomized dataset and datasets of generated cousins and siblings was evaluated as were the number of loci that were necessary to reliably deduce the number of contributors present in simulated mixtures of four or less contributors. The relatively small number of alleles detectable at most CODIS loci and the fact that some alleles are likely to be shared between individuals within a population can make the maximum number of different alleles observed at any tested loci an unreliable indicator of the maximum number of contributors to a mixed DNA sample. This analysis does not use other data available from the electropherograms (such as peak height or peak area) to estimate the number of contributors to each mixture. As a result, the study represents a worst case analysis of mixture characterization. Within this dataset, approximately 3% of three-person mixtures would be mischaracterized as two-person mixtures and more than 70% of four-person mixtures would be mischaracterized as two- or three-person mixtures using only the maximum number of alleles observed at any tested locus.
Skin Penetration Assessment of Less Lethal Kinetic Energy Munitions
Authors: Bir CA , Stewart SJ , Wilhelm M 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The development of less-lethal technologies has provided law enforcement personnel with an alternative to lethal force. Although the less lethal projectile was produced to engender non-penetrating wounds, case studies show that there have been a number of reported penetrating injuries ranging from minor to significant in morbidity. The objective of this study was to determine the energy per unit area required to penetrate various regions of the body. Eight unembalmed postmortem human specimens were procured for this testing. Each specimen sustained a maximum of 25 impacts consisting of shots to the anterior and posterior thorax, abdomen, and legs. A 12-gauge, fin-stabilized, rubber rocket round was used as the impactor for all of the conducted tests. The energy density required for 50% risk of penetration varied from 23.99 J/cm2 for the location on the anterior rib (p = 0.000) to 52.74 J/cm2 for the location on the posterior rib (p = 0.001).
Genipin, a Novel Fingerprint Reagent With Colorimetric and Fluorogenic Activity, Part II: Optimization, Scope and Limitations
Authors: Levinton-Shamuilov G , Cohen Y , Azoury M , Chaikovsky A , Almog J 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Genipin, a hydrolytic product of geniposide extracted from gardenia fruit, was thoroughly studied as a potential fingerprint reagent, and optimal conditions for fingerprint development have been determined. Latent fingerprints on paper items that have been treated with a non-ink running formulation containing 0.17% of the reagent, showed up as both colored and fluorescent images. On brown wrapping paper and on papers with highly luminescent backgrounds, genipin developed more visible and clearer prints than did classical reagents such as ninhydrin or DFO. Another potential advantage of genipin is that it is totally harmless and an environmentally friendly reagent.
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Methods for Determining the Purity of Reference Drug Standards and Illicit Forensic Drug Seizures
Authors: Hays PA 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise, reproducible, and versatile method for determining the purity of reference drug standards and the routine analysis of illicit drugs and adulterants using proton (1H) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is presented.
The methodology uses a weighed sample dissolved in a deuterated solvent or solvent mixture containing a high purity internal standard. The NMR experiment employs 8 scans using a 45 second delay and 90° pulse. In the determination of purity of reference standards, the number of quantitative determinations available is equal to the number of peak groups that are baseline resolved. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of these signals is usually &lt;1% for pure standards, and the results agree well with other purity determining methods. This method can also aid in the determination of correct molecular weight for standards containing an unknown number of waters of hydration or an unknown number of acids per drug in salts.
Because the molar response for the hydrogen nucleus is 1 for all compounds, and since no separation media are used, only one linearity study is required to test a probe. In the presented study, the linearity of the NMR probe was determined using methamphetamine HCl dissolved in deuterium oxide (D2O) with maleic acid as the internal standard (5 mg) for a range of concentrations from 0.033 to 69.18 mg/ml with a resulting correlation coefficient of &lt;0.9999 for all 6 methamphetamine peak groups.
The spectra of complex illicit heroin, methamphetamine, MDMA, and cocaine samples are presented, as well as an extensive list of compounds, their solubilities and the solvent(s) and internal standard used.
Genetic Diversity of 15 STRs in Choles From Northeast of Chiapas (Mexico)
Authors: Sánchez C , Barrot C , Ortega M , González-Martín A , Gorostiza A , Corbella J , Huguet E , Gené M 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Allele frequencies for 15 STR loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D19S433, HUMVWA31A, HUMTPOX, D18S51, D3S1358, HUMTHO1, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D5S818, and HUMFGA) were analyzed in a Mexican population: Choles from Chiapas State. The aim of the study was to obtain accurate allele frequencies data and other genetic parameters of forensic interest on the Amerindian ethnic groups from Mexico, using an automatic method and commercial amplification kit. The agreement with HWE (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) was confirmed for all loci (based on the X2-test).
Review of: Psychology in Prisons
Authors: Kucharski LT 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
If a survey of psychologists currently working or who have substantial experience in correctional settings was conducted it would likely show that few anticipated that their careers would lead them to working in prison. If a survey of graduate and professional training programs in psychology was conducted, few courses in correctional psychology would be discovered. Most of us, who have spent a substantial part of our professional careers behind the walls and razor wire began with little or no formal training or guidance on how to provide psychological services in prison. So it was with enthusiasm and optimism that I approached Towl's "Psychology in Prisons" a hope that here would be an authoritative guide that would begin to fill the gap in training on working in this unique and challenging environment.
Performance-Based Material Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Wood Interfaces in Reinforced Glulam Members
Authors: Lopez-Anido RA , Muszynski L , Gardner DJ , Goodell B , Herzog B 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A performance-based material evaluation methodology is reviewed as part of a broader project on the development of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite reinforced glued-laminated (glulam) members. The glueline interface was examined under test conditions that included the presence of moisture and temperature fluctuations, and the effect of wood preservatives. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine if the current test methods used to assess durability of wood-wood bonds for exterior use (ANSI/AITC and ASTM D 2559 protocols) can be adopted for testing FRP composite reinforcement of wood; 2) to research possible modifications to the standard procedures when necessary to accommodate specifics of the adhesive bonds in hybrid FRP-wood assemblies; and 3) to propose a unified interpretation approach for FRP-wood interface test results focusing on development of acceptance criteria. Four commercially available FRP composite systems exhibiting exterior durability potential for glulam reinforcement were selected to validate the material qualification protocol. Two wood species were considered in this study: southern yellow pine and Douglas-fir. The four FRP composite material systems represented a broad spectrum of fiber reinforcement, matrix, adhesives, and fabrication processes. Experimental studies using the composite systems were conducted to validate the proposed methodology.
239Pu and 241Am (n, 2n) cross-section measurements near E
n = 14 MeV
Authors: Lougheed R. W. , Webster W. , Namboodiri M. N. , Nethaway D. R. , Moody K. J. , Landrum J. H. , Hoff R. W. , Dupzyk R. J. , McQuaid J. H. , Gunnink R. , Watkins E. D. 
Published: September 2005

Summary
We measured the (n, 2n) cross sections for neutron energies from 13.7 to 15.1 MeV on 239Pu and 241Am by α- and γ-spectroscopy measurements of the post–irradiation 238Pu/239Pu and 240Am/241Am ratios relative to the (n, 2n) cross sections of 196Au and other calibration reactions. Statistical errors on the measurements were not more than a few percent. Cross–section values ranged from 228 to 214 millibarns for the reaction on 239Pu and from 260 to 222 millibarns for the 241Am reaction for neutron energies from 13.7 to 15.1 MeV.
Berkelium redox speciation
Authors: Antonio M.R. , Williams C.W. , Soderholm L. 
Published: September 2005

Summary
The inner-sphere hydration environments of the Bk3+·nH2O and Bk4+·n′H2O aquo ions in 1 M HClO4 were determined and are viewed in the context of other 5f (actinide) and 4f (lanthanide) aquo ions. The formal potential of the Bk4+/Bk3+ redox couple and the reorganization of the hydration sphere, in terms of the average Bk–OH2 interatomic distances and number of coordinated water molecules (n and n′), were determined through in situ X–ray absorption spectroelectrochemistry. The participation of H2O in the electrochemical conversion and the rearrangement of the hydration environment upon reduction–oxidation are summarized in the equation: [Bk(OH2)8]4+ + H2O + e− ⇆ [Bk(OH2)9]3+. The change of hydration about 249Bk between the trivalent and tetravalent states is believed to reflect predominantly steric factors related to the difference of ionic radii, rather than electronic or bonding influences.
Measurement of L
3 to M shell vacancy transfer probabilities of Th and U
Authors: Ertugrul M. 
Published: September 2005

Summary
The vacancy transfer probabilities from L
3 to M shell (ηL3M) are obtained for Th and U. For these measurements, L
3 X–ray yields from targets excited by 5.96 and 16.898 and 17.781 keV incident photon, i.e., below and above the L
3 edge of elements. For comparison with experimental results, we have made theoretical calculation using radiative and nonradiative transition rates. The radiative transition rates of these elements were taken from Dirac–Hartree–Slater model of Scofield [1] and the nonradiative transition rates were obtained from Dirac–Hartree–Slater model of Chen et al. [2]. The measured results are in good agreement with theoretically calculated values.
Laser-Based Three Wavelength Extinction Analysis of Suspended Latex and Oxide Particles (Laser-basierte Drei-Wellenlängen-Extinktionsanalyse von suspendierten Latex- und Oxidpartikeln)
Authors: Kassab James R. , Clédat Dominique , Cardot Philippe J. P. , Zahoransky Richard A. , Blanchart Philippe 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The three wavelength extinction method (3-WEM) was applied for the on-line particle analysis of suspensions of monodisperse latex beads and polydisperse metal oxide particles of industrial interest. Comparative measurements were performed by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The data of latex particles obtained by 3-WEM and PCS are in good agreement with the manufacture’s values. Also, the values of oxide particles measured by means of the two techniques are in reasonable agreement despite of the irregular particle shape. Discrepancies are observed by comparing the oxide particle size results with those of scanning electron microscopy, which is due to the broad sample distributions and shape irregularities.
Determination of On-Road Vehicle Emission Characteristics Using Artificial Neural Networks (Messung von Fahrzeugemissionen mit Hilfe Künstlicher Neuronaler Netze)
Authors: Eckhardt Ulrich , Palocz-Andresen Michael , Oetjen Peer D. , Weber Tobias 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
On-board emission measurement in vehicles will be of increasing importance in the future. For example this technology can be used on heavy commercial vehicles for an ecologically oriented charging of toll fares. In on-board emission measurement, determination of pollutants as NO, CO, HC (referred to C3H8) and the greenhouse gas CO2 is required. However, some of these parameters are difficult or impossible to measure directly and have to be determined by mathematical modelling. In this paper we report the determination of these parameters using artificial neural networks based on the motor and driving parameters. The method can be developed further for compliance with the emission standards.
Structure change of Mn2O3 under high pressure and pressure-induced transition
Authors: Yamanaka Takamitsu , Nagai Takaya , Okada Taku , Fukuda Tomoo 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Bixbyite (Mn,Fe)2O3 has a C-type rare-earth oxide structure with space group of Ia-3 and different from corundum structure R-3c. Single-crystal structure analyses and powder diffraction experiments were carried out using synchrotron radiation under high pressures up to 41.21 GPa. Lattice constants and bond distances were elucidated as a function of pressure. Single crystal structure analyses under high pressures up to 9.64 GPa have been executed using DAC. There are two octahedral Mn3+ sites: M1 (-3) and M2 (-2.). M1O6 and M2O6 octahedral volumes and void space of vacant sites show different compression curves. M1O6 octahedron is less compressive than M2O6 octahedron. The former is a little deformed from an ideal octahedron with m-3m of MnO6 but the latter is a largely distorted octahedron. The quadratic elongation is applied in order to comprehend the polyhedral distortion and finite homogeneous strain. Both octahedra do not show a noticeable Jahn-Teller distortion induced from Mn3+. Six bond lengths of M1O6 are equivalent but the octahedron more elongates along the direction of -3 axis with increasing pressure and is more deformed from the regular octahedron. The M2O6 octahedron has two long bond distances among six bonds, which are most compressive. The octahedral deformations seem to reduce the Jahn-Teller effect due to the compression. The bulk modulus: Ko = 169.1(4.9) GPa and Ko′ = 7.35(0.99), was observed from the volume change with pressure.
Pressure-induced phase transition was confirmed at about 21 GPa with a large hysteresis. The transition is reversible and non-quenchable. Powder indexing of the high-pressure phase was carried out using diffraction pattern taken at 35.06 GPa. It has a monoclinic symmetry and is not a corundum, Rh2O3(II) or perovskite structure.
Scanned Probe Microscopy‐Mediated Patterning of Metallic Nanostructures
Authors: Teague L. C. , Batteas J. D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEngineering sub‐100 nm features on surfaces is of increasing importance for the development of new device technologies. To this end, researchers are developing scanned probe based approaches for the patterning of nanoscale metallic structures on surfaces.
Breakthroughs in Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Metals and Alloys
Authors: Koch C. C. , Youssef K. M. , Scattergood R. O. , Murty K. L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWhile nanocrystalline metals can have strength and hardness values factors of 10 or more greater than their conventional grain size counterparts, ductility in tension has been disappointing, typically less than 2% elongation. This paper reviews the limitations to ductility in nanocrystalline materials and presents the results of recent breakthroughs wherein both high strength and good ductility are observed.
Current Transport at the Atomic Scale
Authors: Schröter U. , Scheer E. , Arnold R. , Bacca C. , Böhler T. , Grebing J. , Konrad P. , Kunej V. , Kang N. , Pernau H.‐F. , Schirm C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractElectrical contacts of the width of only one atom can be realized by the break‐junction technique. The conductance decreases stepwise due to structural reconfigurations when tearing a nano‐bridge in the few‐atom range. Transport is described by an ensemble of channels with possibly quite high transmission probabilities. For a single break‐junction the last one‐atom contact consists of a material‐specific channel ensemble, determined by the chemical valance as verified for quite a number of metals. d‐electrons in half‐metals and spin‐effects in magnetic materials will complicate this simple model. Break‐junctions also provide ideal contacts to investigate transport through freely suspended clusters or molecules like DNA.
Meiotic exchange event within the stalk region of an inverted chromosome 22 results in a recombinant chromosome with duplication of the distal long arm
Authors: Boyd Luke J. , Livingston Joseph S. , Brown Michael G. , Lawce Helen J. , Gilhooly Joseph T. , Wildin Robert S. , Linck Leesa M. , Magenis R. Ellen , Pillers De‐Ann M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMeiotic recombination occurs between homologous euchromatic regions of human chromosomes in early meiosis. However, such exchanges have been thought not to occur in the stalk regions of acrocentric chromosomes. We describe a child whose chromosome analysis suggests that crossovers do occur in homologous stalk regions. The proband, initially seen as a term female infant, was born to a 28‐year‐old mother. Dysmorphic features included wide metopic sutures, low anterior hairline, hypertelorism, external ear malformations, and cleft lip and palate. Blood chromosomes of the proband and parents were studied by G‐banding, Q‐banding, R‐banding, and silver staining. The infant karyotype showed a sub‐metacentric chromosome 22; that of the mother showed a pericentric inversion of chromosome 22. Chromosomes of the father were normal. In the infant, the abnormal chromosome 22 long arm appeared normal, but with additional long arm material attached to the distal short arm. In the mother, the distal long arm of the abnormal chromosome 22 was translocated to the distal short arm. The abnormal chromosome stalk in the child was intermediate in size to the stalk size of the abnormal and normal chromosomes 22 in the mother. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using chromosome 22 paint and ARSA gene probe confirmed that the duplicated material in the proband was of chromosome 22 origin; the karyotype interpretation is: 46,XX,rec(22)dup(22q)inv(22)(p13q13.1)mat. This abnormal karyotype is most likely due to a crossover event within the inversion loop during meiosis. The stalk length discrepancy suggests that the crossover site occurred in the stalk region. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.