bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Benefits from Portal Vein Resection during Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer?
Authors: Launois Bernard , Stasik Christian , Bardaxoglou Eustathios , Meunier Bernard , Campion Jean Pierre , Greco Luigi , Sutherland Francis 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Portal vein resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy has recently experienced renewed interest. We describe our results with this procedure over a 20‐year period. Among 88 consecutive pancreatectomies for cancer of head of the pancreas, 14 included en bloc removal of the portal vein. There was no hospital mortality. Only 21% were found to have histologically confirmed cancer invasion, and the remainder had inflammatory adherence. Two‐year survival was 15% compared to 34% for patients who did not have portal vein resection. There were no 5‐year survivors. We discuss our results in light of other recent reports.
Management of Peptic Ulcers: Emerging Issues
Authors: Freston James W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost peptic ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. The infection is best diagnosed by a radiolabeled carbon urea breath test, which also can prove that eradication therapy was successful. Serologic testing is useful for establishing prior or present infection but not to determine if the infection has been eradicated. Endoscopic tests usually are not needed to establish a diagnosis. Modern ulcer treatment consists of H. pylori eradication in infected patients. A combination of a proton pump inhibitor plus clarithromycin and amoxicillin or a proton pump inhibitor plus bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline are the most effective regimens. Reinfection is less than 2% per year in developed countries. Evidence suggests that H. pylori eradication may foster the development of erosive esophagitis, but confirmatory studies are needed. Studies also suggest an interaction between H. pylori infection and peptic ulcers related to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the studies are conflicting: One shows that H. pylori eradication protects against NSAID‐related ulcers; another suggests protection afforded by the infection. Non‐H. pylori peptic ulcers remain a challenge, especially in the United States, where one study showed that 42% of peptic ulcers were not due to the infection. Some non‐H. pylori ulcers are refractory to usual doses of antisecretory drugs.
Treatment of Complicated Hepatolithiasis with Intrahepatic Biliary Stricture by Ductal Dilatation and Stenting: Long‐term Results
Authors: Cheng Yu Fan , Lee Tze Yu , Sheen‐Chen Shyr Ming , Huang Tung Liang , Chen Tai Yi 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.A group of 190 cases of hepatolithiasis with postoperative residual stones located proximal to the stricture sites were managed with the aim of complete clearance of stones and relief of bile stasis to decrease the potential risk of recurrence. All procedures were performed through a T‐tube track with gradual dilatation and stent placement through the stricture sites, creating a channel that allows cholangioscopy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Complete clearance of intrahepatic duct (IHD) stones was achieved in 88.4% of cases. Multiple sharply angulated IHD strictures in right‐sided hepatolithiasis constituted a major cause of failure. Recurrent stone formation and repeated cholangitis, subsequent drainage, and liver resection are associated with high mortality rates particularly if there is late development of a cholangiocarcinoma. We concluded that postoperative ductal dilatation and stenting through the T‐tube track combined with endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy is effective and safe for managing complicated hepatolithiasis. Persistent irreversible aneurysmal dilatation of IHD and atrophic change of the affected hepatic lobe at follow‐up were ominous signs of recurrence and cholangiocarcinoma development. Early drainage with stone extraction combined with surgical intervention can prevent subsequent morbidity and mortality.
Relation between plant density and arthropod density in cabbage fields
Authors: Yamamura Kohji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relationship between plant density and the abundance of arthropods was examined by planting cabbages in four densities (0.25, 1, 4, or 8 plants per square meter). Four herbivorous species were examined: the small white butterfly Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), the beet semi‐looper Autographa nigrisigna (Walker), and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The number of spiders and the number of eggs of syrphid flies were also examined. The number of individuals per unit ground area increased curvilinearly with increasing plant density for most arthropods. To clarify the mechanism causing such a curvilinear increase, the oviposition behavior of Pieris rapae crucivora was examined. The oviposition process of a female was divided into three components: (1) entering the field, (2) alighting on a plant to bend her abdomen, and (3) attaching an egg on the leaf. The first and the second components curvilinearly increased with increasing plant density, while the third component was not influenced by the plant density. The analysis of the flight path of P. rapae crucivora indicated that the curvilinear increase in the frequency of abdominal bending behaviors occurs since a female flies at least about 1.3 m between successive abdominal bending behaviors, irrespective of the plant density, when the plant density is sufficiently high.
Open reduction of sacral fractures using transarticular implants at the articular facets of L7‐S1: 8 Consecutive canine patients (1995–1999)
Authors: Paré Bernard , Gendreau Claude L. , Robbins Mitchell A. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To describe and evaluate facet stabilization as an aid for open reduction and fixation of sacral fractures.Study Design—A clinical case series.Study Population—Eight consecutive client‐owned dogs with sacral fractures.Methods—A combination of a standard lateral approach to the ilium and a dorsal approach to the articular facets of L7‐S1 was performed. The articular facets were reduced and stabilized with a Kirschner wire or a combination of a Kirschner wire and a cortical screw. Primary stabilization of the sacrum was then accomplished using a cortical screw inserted from the lateral aspect of the ilium, through the sacral fracture into the body of the sacrum. Accuracy of reduction, position of the implants, percent screw depth/sacral width, pelvic canal diameter ratio, and complications were assessed using radiographs and physical examination.Results—Mean sacral fracture reduction was 91% immediately after surgery, and was 87% when measured at follow‐up examinations. Mean screw depth/sacral width was 66%. Mean pelvic canal diameter ratio was 1.12 postoperatively and 1.03 at the 4‐ to 6‐week reevaluation. Six of the 8 dogs were using the leg well 10 to 12 days after surgery; none had clinically detectable neurologic deficits. The long‐term (mean, 2.7 years) outcome for these dogs was good (normal to grade I lameness).Conclusions—Fixation of the L7‐S1 facet joints facilitates repair of sacral fractures.
Sexual and aggressive play fighting of sibling Richardson’s ground squirrels
Authors: Pasztor Tamara J. , Smith Lori K. , MacDonald Neala K. , Michener Gail R. , Pellis Sergio M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPlay fighting in many species of squirrels can involve sexual play and aggressive play, both of which can lead to wrestling which appears superficially similar. Such convergence can make scoring of the relative frequencies of these two types of play difficult and can lead to the mistaken conclusion that they grade into one another. In this study, both staged laboratory encounters between sibling pairs and spontaneous encounters between siblings in free‐living litters of Richardson’s ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) were videotaped. Frame‐by‐frame analyses using the Eshkol‐Wachman Movement Notation were employed to record the correlated movements of attack and defense by the partners and to reveal the body areas targeted during each play bout. Whereas sexual play was organized around access to the rump, aggressive play was organized around the shoulders. Although in most cases the defender’s tactics blocked access to the respective target, when contact did occur, it involved mounting in sexual play and nosing or biting in aggressive play. Eighty‐six percent of play fights could be unambiguously categorized as either sexual or aggressive play. Of these, the majority (˜80%) involved sexual play. The sex of the participants did not affect the frequency of aggressive play, but in sexual play, males initiated more attacks than females. Once initiated, each form of play fighting remained distinct—if a bout began as sexual play, it would end as sexual play. Furthermore, a counterattack following sexual play was significantly more likely to be sexual than aggressive, and vice versa for counterattacks following aggressive play. Therefore, all the evidence suggested that the two forms of play fighting were not intermixed in Richardson’s ground squirrels. Aggr. Behav. 27:323–337, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The self and recollection reconsidered: how a ‘failure to replicate’ failed and why trace strength accounts of recollection are untenable
Authors: Conway Martin A. , Dewhurst Stephen A. , Pearson Neil , Sapute Ajay 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHirshman and Lanning (1999) ‘failed to replicate’ findings reported by Conway and Dewhurst (1995). There were, however, critical differences in design between the two sets of experiments. For example, Hirshman and Lanning used a within‐subject design and a short retention interval, whereas Conway and Dewhurst used a between‐subjects design and longer retention intervals. We demonstrate in a new series of experiments that the Conway and Dewhurst findings do replicate when the correct design is used and, moreover, we show that the design differences in Hirshman and Lanning's experiments account for their findings. Finally, we develop an account in terms of the self that can explain the complex pattern of findings, a pattern which lies beyound the scope of simple trace strength models of memory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative relation between shear history and rheological properties of LDPE
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayuki , Gogos Costas G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of the applied processing equipment shear history on the rheological properties of low‐density polyethylene was studied in detail. It was found that the shear history depresses the melt strength and the oscillatory shear modulus, especially the storage modulus in low frequency region. This phenomenon is not caused by lowering of the molecular weight, which remained the same as the original, for all shear history samples, indicating absence of mechanical/thermal degradation during processing. Furthermore, annealing the melt processed samples enhances both the melt strength and the oscillatory modulus to the values of the original, unsheared sample. Finally we applied shear history in a cone‐and‐plate rheometer and found that the growth curve of the storage modulus, which can be expressed by a simple equation, is determined by both the duration of the flow and the magnitude of the applied shear stress. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 261–269, 2001
Investigation of the gelatinization and extrusion processes of corn starch
Authors: Souza Roberta C. R. , Andrade Cristina T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe gelatinization and extrusion processes of corn starch were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the gelatinization temperature as a function of the water content. Plasticized corn starch was processed in single‐ and twin‐screw extruders to produce thermoplastic materials. The mechanical properties of the films obtained in the twin‐screw extruder with the addition of different quantities of water were evaluated. Dynamic mechanical analysis applied to thermoplastic starch samples obtained with 33% (w/w) total plasticizers showed two transitions, attributed to the presence of two phases in the starch–glycerol–water system. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 17–24, 2002; DOI 10.1002/adv.10007
Synthesis and swelling properties of superabsorbent copolymers
Authors: Raju K. Mohana , Raju M. Padmanabha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSuperabsorbent copolymers (SAPs) based on monomers acrylamide (AM), sodium acrylate (SA), and potassium acrylate (KA) were prepared by aqueous solution polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA) as a cross‐linking agent. The copolymers were synthesized by varying, the monomer concentration, MBA concentration, and initiator concentration. The experimental results show the SAPs have better absorbency both in water and NaCl solutions. The copolymers are characterized by IR spectroscopy. The water retention in the soil is enhanced using the SAPs. The SAPs are tested for the growth of cosmos bipinnata plants and the results are presented. SAPs can be used as water management materials for agricultural and horticultural purpose in desert and drought prone areas. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 146–154, 2001
Acute adrenal failure associated with fluconazole after administration of high‐dose cyclophosphamide
Authors: Shibata Shigeru , Kami Masahiro , Kanda Yoshinobu , Machida Utako , Iwata Hiroshi , Kishi Yukiko , Takeshita Akira , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Ueyama Jun‐ichi , Morinaga Shin‐ichi , Mutou Yoshitomo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 63‐year‐old man received high‐dose cyclophosphamide for peripheral blood stem‐cell (PBSC) harvest. He received 200 mg fluconazole. On day 3, atrial fibrillation developed with blood pressure declining to 78 mmHg. The rapid adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) test showed blunted adrenal responses. He was suspected as having adrenal failure, and fluconazole was discontinued. The rapid ACTH test became normal on Day 14, and PBSCs were successfully harvested. To clarify the association between adrenal failure and fluconazole, we resumed 400 mg fluconazole on Day 16 and repeated the test on Day 21, which showed blunted adrenal responses. This case demonstrates that prophylactic use of fluconazole can cause adrenal insufficiency. Am. J. Hematol. 66:303–305, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in IRF1/IRF2 expression in acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Preisler H.D. , Perambakam S. , Li B. , Hsu W.T. , Venugopal P. , Creech S. , Sivaraman S. , Tanaka N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe interferon response genes 1 and 2 have been shown to be involved in the regulation of differentiation and proliferation of cells of the myeloid series, with the former functioning as an anti‐oncogene and the latter as an oncogene. In the study described here, the levels of expression of these two genes and the ratio of their expression were compared in AML and normal marrow. The ratio of gene expression was significantly less in AML marrow cells as compared to normal marrow cells [med ratio = 1.33 vs. 2.97, P = 0.003]. While the expression ratio was unaffected by the presence or absence of either ras or fms mutations, p53 mutations were associated with higher IRF1:IRF2 expression ratios that wt p53 genes [med = 1.701 vs. 1.135, P = 0.014]. Given the functional characteristics and the competitive nature of these two genes, it is possible that leukemic transformation is associated with a fall in IRF1:IRF2 ratios. Finally, the administration of IL4 can result in the normalization of the IRF1:IRF2 ratio in the marrow cells of some patients with AML. Am. J. Hematol. 68:23–31, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatosplenic γδ T‐cell lymphoma presenting with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia (Evans' syndrome)
Authors: Motta G. , Vianello F. , Menin C. , De Nicolo A. , Agata S. , Altavilla G. , Pietrogrande F. , Girolami A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe an unusual case of hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma in a 61‐year‐old man who presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A spleen biopsy was consistent with T‐cell lymphoma. Cytogenetic studies did not reveal chromosome abnormalities. Using the polymerase chain reaction approach, clonality of the T‐cell receptor γ‐chain gene rearrangement could be demonstrated, while Southern blot analysis disclosed only a germline configuration of the T‐cell receptor β chain genes. Of interest, an immune‐mediated mechanism was demonstrated and was most likely responsible for erythrocyte and platelet destruction; this is, therefore, the first report of γ T‐cell lymphoma in association with Evans' syndrome. Initial steroid treatment was efficacious in limiting autoimmunity but constitutional symptoms did not subside. Chemotherapy (MACOP‐B) was successful in obtaining complete clinical remission. Finally, thrombocytopenia in γδ T‐cell lymphoma patients should be routinely evaluated for platelet autoantibodies. Am. J. Hematol. 69:272–276, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Menopause, local biologies, and cultures of aging
Authors: Lock Margaret , Kaufert Patricia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMenopause marks the end of menstruation, once generally accepted as the closure of women's reproductive lives. The current medical view of menopause, however, is as a pathological event with its own distinct set of symptoms and diseases. Researchers have described women as facing a dramatic increase in the risk of heart disease, osteoporosis, stroke, and Alzheimer's, all as the result of the impact of changing hormone levels, particularly the decline in estrogen. The clinical literature has interpreted these findings in terms of the absolute necessity of replacing these lost hormones for all women who are menopausal regardless of any other physiological, social, or cultural characteristic they might possess. Using research done in Japan, Canada, and the United States, this paper challenges the notion of a universal menopause by showing that both the symptoms reported at menopause and the post‐menopause disease profiles vary from one study population to the next. For most of the symptoms commonly associated with menopause in the medical literature, rates are much lower for Japanese women than for women in the United States and Canada, although they are comparable to rates reported from studies in Thailand and China. Mortality and morbidity data from these same societies are used to show that post‐menopausal women are also not equally at risk for heart disease, breast cancer, or osteoporosis. Rather than universality, the paper suggests that it is important to think in terms of “local biologies”, which reflect the very different social and physical conditions of women's lives from one society to another. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:494–504, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a prevention index to identify industries at high risk for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, back, and upper extremity in Washington state, 1990–1998
Authors: Silverstein Barbara , Viikari‐Juntura Eira , Kalat John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe prevention of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome and low back disorders has been a focus of international prevention efforts including regulation. This study examines workers compensation claims in Washington State to provide baseline data from which to assess the need and the effects of prevention activities.MethodsWashington State Fund workers compensation claims for general and selected specific hand/wrist, elbow, shoulder, and back disorders in 1990–1998 as well as general self‐insured compensable (four or more lost workdays) claims data were examined. Payroll hours were used to calculate claims incidence rates per 10,000 full‐time equivalent employees (FTEs). We created a prevention index (PI) to rank industries by averaging the ranks of their number of claims and their claims incidence rate. The focus was on non‐traumatic soft tissue musculoskeletal disorders (NTST‐MSDs).ResultsBetween 1990–1998, there were 392,925 State Fund accepted claims for N TST‐MSDs of the neck, back, and upper extremity resulting in $2.6 billion in direct costs and 20.5 million lost workdays. The average claims incidence rate (CIR) was 355 NTST‐MSDs per 10,000 FTEs. The NTST‐MSD CIR decreased significantly less than that for all other claims (P = 0.05) but the CIR for upper extremity NTST‐MSDs did not significantly decrease over the study period. There were no significant changes in the CIRs for sciatica (4.9 per 10,000 FTEs) and rotator cuff syndrome (15.3 per 10,000 FTEs), whereas the CIR for epicondylitis (10.6 per 10,000 FTEs) increased and for carpal tunnel syndrome (24.5 per 10,000 FTEs) decreased significantly over the study period. Based on the prevention index, the top five industries for combined State Fund and Self‐Insured Compensable NTST‐MSDs were Trucking and Courier Services (SIC 421), Nursing Homes (SIC 805), Masonry (SIC 174), Air Transportation (SIC 451), and Residential Construction (SIC 152). Using Washington Industrial Classes (WIC), temporary workers in assembly and administrative services were also high on the prevention index.ConclusionsNTST‐MSDs continue to be a large and costly problem in Washington State. While the incidence rates for some NTST‐MSDs are decreasing, the overall rate is not decreasing as fast as the rate for all other claims. In some cases, the rate is stable (sciatica, rotator cuff syndrome) or increasing (epicondylitis). Heavy manual handling and repetitive work characterize the industries with the highest risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:149–169, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Re: Lung cancer case‐control study of beryllium workers. Sanderson WT, Ward EM, Steenland K, Petersen MR. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2001. 39:133–144.
Authors: Deubner David C. , Lockey James L. , Kotin Paul , Powers Martin B. , Miller Frederick , Rogers Adrianne E. , Trichopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo the Editor: We have read the paper by Sanderson et al. [2000], and we have also had the opportunity to review the doctoral thesis of the first author who was kind enough to make it available to us. We believe the following observations could be used to greatly improve the paper, and likely change the conclusions.
Linkage studies between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and the monoamine oxidase genes
Authors: Jiang Sanduo , Xin Rener , Lin Sicui , Qian Yiping , Tang Guomei , Wang Dongxiang , Wu Xiaodong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent behavioral disorder in children and the etiology of this disorder is not clear. Molecular genetic and pharmacological studies suggest the involvement of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in ADHD, e.g., several reports have found association between ADHD and the dopamine receptor gene DRD‐4, the dopamine transporter gene DAT1, and the catecholamine clearance enzyme catechol‐O‐methyltransferase. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes encode enzymes that participate in the metabolism of neurotransmitters of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. MAO inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of ADHD. Our previous studies showed an association between ADHD and the DXS7 locus, which is located in close vicinity to the MAO genes on chromosome X. These findings suggest that there might be linkage between ADHD and MAO genes. To test this hypothesis, we used the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) to test for linkage between a VNTR polymorphism at the MAOA(CA)n or MAOB(GT)n locus and DSM‐III‐R–diagnosed ADHD in 82 nuclear families of the Chinese population. The TDT analysis revealed linkage between ADHD and the MAOA(CA)n locus (chi‐square = 15.25, df = 7, P < 0.05), but not the MAOB(GT)n locus (chi‐square = 11.18, df = 7, P > 0.05). The data showed that ADHD was in linkage with the MAOA gene and suggested that MAOA might be a susceptibility factor for ADHD. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.