bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 1 trial of 8‐chloro‐adenosine in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: An evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Pullarkat Vinod , Chen Lisa S. , Palmer Joycelynne , Zhang Jianying , Synold Timothy W. , Buettner Ralf , Truong Nguyen Le Xuan , Marcucci Guido , Tsai Ni‐Chun , Wang Yan , O’Hearn James , Gandhi Varsha , Rosen Steven T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of 8‐chloro‐adenosine (8‐Cl‐Ado) in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods8‐Cl‐Ado was administered daily for 5 days; the starting dose was 100 mg/m2, the highest dose tested was 800 mg/m2. The end points were toxicity, disease response, and PK/PD measurements.ResultsThe predominant nonhematologic toxicity was cardiac with grade ≥3 toxicity. Plasma PK in all patients suggested heterogeneity among patients, yet, some dose‐dependency for the accumulation of 8‐Cl‐Ado. Two 8‐Cl‐Ado metabolites accumulated at similar levels to 8‐Cl‐Ado. Cellular PK in eight patients indicated accumulation of 8‐Cl‐ATP, which was associated with AML blast cytoreduction in peripheral blood. The authors determined the RP2D of 8‐Cl‐Ado to be 400 mg/m2.ConclusionsGiven the cardiac adverse events observed, patients require monitoring for arrhythmias and QT interval during infusion. Although peripheral blood cytoreduction was observed, responses were transient, suggesting combination strategies will be required.
Long‐term risk of carotid stenosis and cerebrovascular disease after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Carpenter David J. , Patel Pranalee , Niedzwiecki Donna , Dillon Mairead , Diaz Alexander K. , Kumar Abhishek , Mowery Yvonne M. , Crowell Kerri‐Anne , D’Anna Rachel , Wu Qiuwen , Rodrigues Anna , Wisdom Amy J. , Dorth Jennifer A. , Patel Pretesh R. , Shortell Cynthia K. , Brizel David M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecipients of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) are at significantly increased risk for carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We sought to determine (1) cumulative incidences of CAS and CVD among HNC survivors after RT and (2) whether CAS is associated with a RT dose response effect.MethodsThis single‐institution retrospective cohort study examined patients with nonmetastatic HNC who completed (chemo)RT from January 2000 through October 2020 and subsequently received carotid imaging surveillance ≤2 years following RT completion and, in the absence of CAS, every 3 years thereafter. Exclusion criteria included history of known CAS/CVD. Asymptomatic CAS was defined as ≥50% reduction of luminal diameter, symptomatic CAS as stroke or transient ischemic attack, and composite CAS as asymptomatic or symptomatic CAS.ResultsOf 628 patients undergoing curative intent RT for HNC, median follow‐up was 4.8 years (interquartile range, 2.6–8.3), with 97 patients followed ≥10 years. Median age was 61 years and 69% of patients received concurrent chemotherapy and 28% were treated postoperatively. Actuarial 10‐year incidences of asymptomatic, symptomatic, and composite CAS were 29.6% (95% CI, 23.9–35.5), 10.1% (95% CI, 7.0–13.9), and 27.2% (95% CI, 22.5–32.1), respectively. Multivariable Cox models significant association between asymptomatic CAS and absolute carotid artery volume receiving ≥10 Gy (per mL: hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16).ConclusionsHNC survivors are at high risk for post‐RT CAS. A dose response effect was observed for asymptomatic CAS at doses as low as 10 Gy.Plain Language Summary

Recipients of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer are at significantly increased risk for carotid artery stenosis and cerebrovascular disease. However, carotid artery screening is not routinely performed among head and neck survivors following radiation therapy.
In this single‐institution retrospective cohort study, patients with head and neck cancer were initially screened for carotid artery stenosis ≤2 years following radiation therapy completion, then every 3 years thereafter.
The 10‐year actuarial incidence of carotid artery stenosis was >25% and stroke/transient ischemic attack >10%. Multivariable analysis demonstrated significant associations between asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and artery volumes receiving ≥10 Gy.
Enhanced capsule network‐based executable files malware detection and classification—deep learning approach
Authors: Shelar Manoj D. , Rao S. Srinivasa 
Published: October 2023

SummaryMalware has considerably increased recently, posing a serious security danger to both people and enterprises. In order to distinguish and stop the negative effects of malware, a variety of machine and deep learning approaches have been used to detect it. However, while extracting malware features, the feature‐to‐feature spatial hierarchy is not taken into account by the existing techniques and as a result, information is lost during the pooling operation. Hence, a modified capsule deep neural network was developed in which discriminative features are extracted from three channel image derived from malware binary with considering feature‐to‐feature spatial hierarchy. Also, conventional capsule deep neural network is modified by adding a global average pooling layer before fully connected layer thereby classified the dataset as malicious or benign without any loss of information. Moreover, these malwares were not accurately classified based on their families using existing variants of convolutional neural network (CNN) since malware family variants can modify due to minute changes in malware binaries. Hence, a hybrid deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and long‐short‐term memory (LSTM) has been utilized that determine minute changes in malware binaries using LSTM without vanishing gradient issue and effectively perform malware family classification using DCNN. As a result, the proposed approach successfully identifies malware in executable files and categorizes malware into families with 98.5% accuracy.
Photo‐Induced Oxyamination of Alkenyl Acids towards Amino Lactones
Authors: Pan Changduo , Chen Dongdong , Zeng Miao , Tian Haoyang , Yu Jin‐Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhoto‐induced sulfonylamidation/lactonization of alkenyl acids with N‐sulfonylaminopyridinium salts is demonstrated to access sulfonamidylated lactones under mild and metal‐free conditions. This reaction features a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and easy operation, providing a simple and efficient protocol for the synthesis of sulfonamidylated lactones.
Carelessness in higher education: How the neoliberal university shapes the experiences of food insecure student‐parents
Authors: Sallee Margaret W. , Hine Joshua C. , Kohler Christopher W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis qualitative case study explores how neoliberalism affects how food insecure student‐parents experience higher education. Drawing on interviews with administrators, student activists, and student‐parents at one U.S. research university, this article argues that neoliberalism's emphasis on revenue generation and a shift toward individualism has significant consequences for the most marginalized students, creating an environment in which the university provides few resources to support them. We suggest that campuses should take steps to dismantle the ethic of carelessness, a lack of attention to students' care responsibilities, that has pervaded higher education.Practical Takeaways
Universities increasingly rely on philanthropy to support marginalized students, but the reach of these philanthropic efforts is limited. In some cases, outside groups put stipulations on the receipt of funds, which shapes university programs.
Although food insecurity has received increasing attention at research universities, student‐parents are often neglected in campuswide initiatives, leaving many to seek out supports on their own.
Local recurrence and metachronous multiple cancers after transoral nonrobotic surgery for pharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Ushiro Koji , Watanabe Yoshiki , Kishimoto Yo , Kawai Yoshitaka , Fujimura Shintaro , Asato Ryo , Tsujimura Takashi , Hori Ryusuke , Kumabe Yohei , Yasuda Kaori , Tamaki Hisanobu , Iki Takehiro , Kitani Yoshiharu , Kurata Keisuke , Kojima Tsuyoshi , Takata Kuniaki , Kada Shinpei , Takebayashi Shinji , Shinohara Shogo , Hamaguchi Kiyomi , Miyazaki Masakazu , Ikenaga Tadashi , Maetani Toshiki , Harada Hiroyuki , Haji Tomoyuki , Omori Koichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundLate laryngopharyngeal cancers after transoral surgery include not only local recurrences but also metachronous multiple cancers.MethodsWe compared clinical information, surgical outcomes, and late laryngopharyngeal cancers in patients who underwent transoral nonrobotic surgery for laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma without lymph node metastases between 2015 and 2021 in a multicenter retrospective study.ResultsFour hundred and fifty‐seven patients were included. Positive surgical margins were found in 121 patients (26.5%). Twenty‐two patients (4.8%) received additional treatment. Positive horizontal margins of invasive carcinoma (p = 0.003) and positive horizontal margins of carcinoma in situ only (p = 0.032) were independent risk factors for local recurrence, and prior radiotherapy (p = 0.001) for metachronous multiple cancers. Local control was significantly worse without additional treatment (p = 0.049), but there was no significant difference in survival.ConclusionsPatients with positive margins had an increased frequency of local recurrence, but salvage therapy was effective.
SAMD1 attenuates antiphospholipid syndrome‐induced pregnancy complications
Authors: An Ran , Yang Yanqi , Liu Lei , Li Peiling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was intended to investigate the effect of SAMD1 on antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)‐induced pregnancy complications in mice.MethodsThe mRNA and protein expression of SAMD1 in APS patients and healthy controls was detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Anti‐B2GPI and ACA levels were tested by ELISA, MMP‐9, iNOS, ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1 mRNA and protein levels determined by qRT‐PCR and western blot, cellular senescence detected by β‐galactosidase staining, cell proliferation ability detected by CCK‐8 assay, cell viability detected by trypan blue staining, cell mobility detected by Transwell, and cell angiogenesis ability detected by matrigel tube formation assay. An APS pregnant mouse model was constructed, and the embryo absorption rate was calculated.ResultsSAMD1 expression was low in serum of APS patients, which was correlated with the history of thrombosis and the number of adverse pregnancies. Anti‐B2GPI and ACA levels were increased in APS. The expressions of MMP‐9, iNOS, ICAM‐1, and MCP‐1 were also significantly upregulated in HUVECs treated with APS serum. APS promoted HUVEC senescence and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Overexpression of SAMD1 reversed the above results. Experiments on the APS pregnant mouse model confirmed that overexpression of SAMD1 reduced the rate of fetal loss.ConclusionSAMD1 may reduce APS‐induced embryo loss by regulating cellular senescence, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.
Two cases of pelvic hematoma after prostatic urethral lift surgery
Authors: Fujishima Yosuke , Furuta Akira , Kawamura Tatsuya , Machida Arisa , Igarashi Taro , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Kato Renpei , Kanehira Mitsugu , Kimura Takahiro , Obara Wataru 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThere are few reports of pelvic hematoma after prostatic urethral lift. Here, we report two cases of pelvic hematoma in Japan.Case presentationThe first case was a 71‐year‐old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent prostatic urethral lift. Although the procedure was uneventful, he experienced lower abdominal pain the day after the operation. CT revealed a hematoma in the right pelvis; however, it was manageable with conservative treatment. The second case was a 68‐year‐old man. The procedure was uneventful; however, 6 days after the operation, a subcutaneous hematoma appeared in the lower abdomen. CT revealed a hematoma in the left pelvis. We then performed pelvic hematoma removal surgery.ConclusionsPelvic hematomas after PUL may requires attention, particularly in men with the narrow pelvises. Appropriate compression of the prostate and a high lithotomy position procedure could effectively avoid the occurrence of pelvic hematomas.
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate as a secondary surgery following prostatic urethral lift
Authors: Nishino Takato , Endo Fumiyasu , Nakama Daiki , Sakurai Masato , Tominaga Koki , Fukagawa Eri , Sano Masayuki , Narimoto Kazutaka , Shimbo Masaki , Hattori Kazunori 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionProstatic urethral lift is a treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia, yet information on surgeries following this procedure is scarce.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old man with persistent urinary retention following prostatic urethral lift underwent a secondary holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. The morcellation procedure, complicated by the presence of implants from the previous surgery, broke the morcellator blade. The fragmented blade was successfully retrieved without any organ damage. Postoperatively, the patient encountered no complications and showed improvement in his urinary symptoms.ConclusionThis case highlights the potential risk of device breakage when a secondary surgery, specifically the morcellation process, is performed following prostatic urethral lift. Care must be taken to prevent interaction between the implants and the morcellator. Our case demonstrates the efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate as a salvage surgical intervention for patients in whom prostatic urethral lift has failed.
Direct Preservation in Alcohol Causes Deformation of Taxonomic Key‐Characters in Anostraca (Crustacea)
Authors: Beladjal Lynda , Mertens Johan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBranchipus visnyai Kertész, 1956 is a synonym for B. schaefferi Fisher, 1834. Fixation of males of a B. schaefferi population in 70% alcohol induced swelling of the antennal parts, which is typical for B. visnyai. Fixation in 4% formaline, on the other hand, retains the normal B. schaefferi antennal morphology. The key‐characteristics of B. visnyai are not observed in living specimens nor in material preserved in 4% formaline.
Trace Metal Bioaccumulation in Epibenthic Macroinvertebrates (EMI) from the San Pedro Shelf, California
Authors: Maurer Don , Phillips Charles , Robertson George 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTrace metal/metalloid (As, Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) bioaccumulation was measured over a period of ten years (1985–1995) in five species of epibenthic macroinvertebrates (EMI) from the San Pedro Shelf, California. Four of the species are numerical dominants in the Southern California Bight (SCB) and two species are commercially harvested. Among three echinoderms, a predatory sea star yielded highest tissue concentrations compared to a sea cucumber and a sea urchin, and concentrations measured in a mantid shrimp exceeded those from a prawn. Comparison of trace metal bioaccumulation from the study area, including the ocean outfall, and elsewhere indicated that bioaccumulation in local EMI was generally low. Measurements from an outfall station and two reference stations were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal relationship between trace metal bioaccumulation and the wastewater discharge. It was concluded that there was no spatial or temporal relationship between EMI trace metal bioaccumulation and the discharge.
Reanalysis of Models and an Improved Model of Biomass Size Spectra
Authors: Han Bo‐Ping , Straskraba Milan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur reanalysis aimed at understanding the regularity in empirical biomass size spectra (BSS) suggests that the construction of BSS depends of the size interval and size scales used and different definitions of BSS in literature are therefore very different.Existing empirical models of BSS can be fitted perfectly to the observed data, but the biological basis of the fitted parameters is not explained and comparison and interpretation of the findings is therefore difficult. Parameters of mechanistic models of BSS have a biological background and are interpretable. Discrete mechanistic models based on Lindeman's trophic chain theory assume a constant ratio of size (or body mass) in two adjacent trophic levels. However, this biomass ratio is not comparable with that in two adjacent (logarithmic) size intervals in the measured biomass size spectra. The continuous model by Thiebaux and Dickie (1992) is based on the discrete model by Boudreau et al. (1991). We show how the validity of the transformation of a discrete form into a continous form depends on the size ranges of prey and predator population. The model by Platt and Denman (1977) does not represent a continuous formulation due to the use of normalized biomass defined in logarithmic size intervals. We suggest to eliminate the use of trophic levels and normalized biomass.On the basis of the reanalysis we formulate and improved continuous model based on the model by Silvert and Platt (1978). The model is based on Eulerian strategy which appears more adequate for the problem than the previously used Lagrangian strategy. The model appears to be able to demonstrate the regularity in observed BSS.
New Approaches to Mesozooplankton Production Estimates against the Background of Food Web Considerations for the Bornholm Basin (Southern Baltic Proper)
Authors: Dahmen Karl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMesozooplankton production was estimated by using a new sampling technique and two alternative calculation methods. In essence, production estimates are based on significantly higher abundances. The contribution of juvenile stages to copepod and fish dynamics was generally low, so that the omission of juvenile stages in budgets will result in a small error. The situations reported in this study present a unique food web szenario, which in detail, however, was strongly dependent on methodology. Furthermore, relations between trophic levels were considered with respect to vertical distribution.
Effect of Algal Food on Animal Prey Consumption Rates in the Omnivorous Copepod, Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides
Authors: Kumar Ram , Rao T. Ramakrishna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe measured the food consumption rates in the omnivorous copepod Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides on different animal prey types in the presence of, and in the absence of one of the algal food types, the small, nonmotile Chlorella, or the large, motile Chlorogonium. Animal prey tested included different zooplankton species covering a size range of 88 to 1446 μm. The number of animal prey consumed was inversely proportional, but the total weight consumed was directly proportional, to the body size and dry weight of the prey item. There was a significant reduction in animal prey consumption in the presence of algae, being higher with cladoceran prey than with ciliates and rotifers, and in the presence of Chlorogonium than in the presence of Chlorella. Cannibalism in M. thermocyclopoides was low when algal food was available.
Variable Furosemide Absorption and Poor Predictability of Response in Elderly Patients
Authors: Murray Michael D. , Haag Kathy M. , b́lack Paula K. , Hall Stephen D. , Brater D. Craig 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To determine the between‐ and within‐patient variability of furosemide bioavailability and natriuretic response, and whether four marketed products differ in bioavailability and response.Design. Open‐label, crossover study.Setting. General clinical research center at an academic medical center.Patients. Convenience sample of 17 patients age 65 ± 6 years receiving diuretics for the treatment of hypertension or congestive heart failure.Intervention. Each patient received each of five furosemide products (one intravenous and four oral tablet formulations) twice in random order for a total of 10 treatments.Measurements and Main Results. Measurements included absolute bioavailability using cumulative amounts of urinary furosemide collected over 8 hours after oral versus intravenous dosing, and cumulative amounts of urinary sodium. Extensive between‐ and within‐patient variability in all measured values rendered any differences among the products neither clinically nor statistically significant. Mean (± SD) bioavailability was 49 ± 17% (range 12–112%) and coefficients of variation with different products were from 25–43%. Coefficients of variation for urinary furosemide excretion and urinary sodium excretion were also large, 25–42% and 23–51%, respectively. Multivariate analyses that incorporated between‐ and within‐patient effects failed to reveal differences among the products for bioavailability (F=1.04, p=0.403), urinary furosemide excretion (F=1.09, p=0.371), or urinary sodium excretion (F=0.97, p=0.448). Correlation coefficients were 0.81–0.85 for the rates of sodium and furosemide excretion, and half‐maximum response using a sigmoid Emax model did not differ among products.Conclusion. Although furosemide concentration in urinary and natriuretic responses showed good correlation, variability in bioavailability considerably affects the drug's excretion into urine. Variability in absorption both among patients and within an individual patient is great and overwhelms any differences in bioavailability among approved furosemide products. Switching from one formulation to another will not likely result in any predictable change in patient response.
Lack of Effect of Olanzapine on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Aminophylline Dose in Healthy Men
Authors: Macias William L. , Bergstrom Richard E , Cerimele Benito J. , Kassahun Kelem , Tatum David E. , Callaghan John T. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To test whether olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 activity, we conducted a drug interaction study with theophylline, a known CYP1A2 substrate.Design. Two‐way, randomized, crossover study.Setting. Clinical research laboratory.Subjects. Nineteen healthy males (16 smokers, 3 nonsmokers).Interventions. Because the a priori expectation was no effect of olanzapine on theophylline pharmacokinetics, a parallel study using cimetidine was included as a positive control. In group 1, 12 healthy subjects received a 30‐minute intravenous infusion of aminophylline 350 mg after 9 consecutive days of either olanzapine or placebo. In group 2, seven healthy subjects received a similar aminophylline infusion after 9 consecutive days of either cimetidine or placebo.Measurements and Main Results. Concentrations of theophylline and its metabolites in serum and urine were measured for 24 and 72 hours, respectively. Plasma concentrations of olanzapine and its metabolites were measured for 24 hours after the next to last dose and 168 hours after the last olanzapine dose. Olanzapine did not affect theophylline pharmacokinetics. However, cimetidine significantly decreased theophylline clearance and the corresponding formation of its metabolites. Urinary excretion of theophylline and its metabolites was unaffected by olanzapine but was reduced significantly by cimetidine. Steady‐state concentrations of olanzapine (15.3 ng/ml), 10‐N‐glucuronide (4.9 ng/ml), and 4′‐N‐desmethyl olanzapine (2.5 ng/ml) were observed after olanzapine 10 mg once/day and were unaffected by coadministration of theophylline.Conclusion. As predicted by in vitro studies, steady‐state concentrations of olanzapine and its metabolites did not affect theophylline pharmacokinetics and should not affect the pharmacokinetics of other agents metabolized by the CYP1A2 isozyme.