bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Aldehyde Decarbonylation through Palladium-Catalyzed Nitrile Boronic Acid Cross-Coupling
Authors: Raj Monika , Paikin Zachary E. , Talbott John M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAldehyde decarbonylation is a vital chemical transformation in the synthesis of natural products. Nature accomplishes this process through a family of decarbonylase enzymes, while in the laboratory, harsh transition metals and elevated temperatures are required. Herein, we report a mild aldehyde decarbonylation reaction that exhibits exclusive selectivity for ortho-aldehydes during a tandem nitrile boronic acid cross-coupling reaction. A wide substrate scope is displayed that includes regioselective removal of the ortho-aldehyde from phenyl boronic acids in the presence of meta- or para-aldehydes. A mechanistic investigation of the observed regioselectivity for ortho-aldehydes by density functional theory (DFT) calculations shows that the CO ligand extrusion is energetically more favorable for the ortho position as compared to the para position.
Public Versus Private Health Financing Transition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Exploring the Crowding-Out Effects
Authors: Behera Deepak Kumar , Rahut Dil B. , Haridas Herosh T. , Tasneem Shaik Husna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHealthcare financing is crucial for sustainable development and has been gaining attention, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Although ample studies have explored the determinants of healthcare spending, the current study examines the determinants of health financing transition in 124 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for 19 years, from 2000 to 2018. The study first estimates the elasticity of health expenditure (i.e., government, private, and external) to per capita income, fiscal spending, age dependency, control of corruption, and time; second, it investigates crowding-out/in effects between domestic and external health financing. As the sample countries are heterogeneous in terms of development and universal health coverage (UHC) reform, our study employs a panel regression model with cluster-robust fixed effects and a bootstrapping quantile regression with fixed effects model to capture unobserved heterogeneity and produce robust estimates across quantile distributions. The results show that an increase in per capita government health expenditure (GHE) and per capita external health expenditure from foreign donors can reduce the share of out-of-pocket health expenditure to total health expenditure (OOPHE), thereby improving the health status and well-being of the people. The study also finds crowding-out effects of per capita external health financing on GHE in LIMCs. Interestingly, the results show that the control of corruption increases the per capita GHE in low-income countries. Thus, in low-income countries, improving governance would improve efficiency in fund utilization and strengthen the health system. Further, our study concludes that those countries that have passed UHC legislation are moving faster toward health financing transition by increasing public spending on health care. Healthcare policy in developing countries should prioritize (i) the adoption and implementation of UHC reform, (ii) alternative revenue mobilization strategy for financing public health care.
From wages for housework to self-care: feminist perspectives on the care economy
Authors: Moser Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article argues that privatization of health care since the 1970s has created a paradox whereby a neoliberal discourse of ‘freedom of choice’ masks the fact that it is increasingly difficult to make good choices when it comes to caring for oneself and for one’s loved ones. Part one historicizes this paradox by examining the pioneering international feminist movement Wages for Housework. I argue that Wages for Housework offered a glimpse of a counter-model of state-renumerated care through its revolutionary demand that all houseworkers receive a government wage. At the same time, I call attention to limitations of the movement. Building on the insights of this case study, part two contends that the privatization and commodification of care – especially in the US and the UK in recent years—is fundamentally linked to the ‘responsibilization’ of female-identified subjects. To demonstrate this, I turn to the issue of self-care, arguing that the emergence of self-care as a lucrative twenty-first century market is an important consequence and indicator of this responsibilization. Specifically, I show how individual choice is recast as a societal obligation to assume a consumerist standpoint of ‘self-investment’ that, in itself, becomes a necessary precondition of the ‘right’ choice. I conclude by asserting that it is unjust to frame care—whether for oneself or for others—as a problem of individual responsibility and explore proposals for a ‘universal basic services’ model as the most equitable solution to the current care crisis.
Back-contact perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Parkhomenko Hryhorii P. , Jumabekov Askhat N. 
Published: February 2024

Light-emitting diodes utilizing halide perovskites have experienced rapid advancements in recent years, demonstrating notable external quantum efficiencies. Despite these strides, the practical implementation of such devices remains constrained. In this contribution, we are dedicated to developing perovskite light-emitting diodes with a back-contact architecture using the MAPbBr3 active layer and SnO2 and Ni/NiOx back electrodes. The quantum efficiency of the fabricated devices stands at 0.015%. The operational voltage of the light-emitting diodes is characterized by its pronounced low values, attaining a maximum luminance of 70 cd/m2 at a mere 3.2 V. These results demonstrate the considerable promise of the developed back-contact perovskite light-emitting diodes for prospective applications in advanced display technologies and light communication systems.
Introduction to hypocrisy
Authors: Sorlin Sandrine , Virtanen Tuija 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter approaches hypocrisy (i) as misalignment between two inconsistent elements and
(ii) as a sham of some kind, through a transdisciplinary discussion of the notion in public and academic discourse.
Presenting the aim of the volume and the rationale behind it, we argue for a broad perspective on hypocrisy in this
first contribution of pragmatics towards understanding what appears to be a ubiquitous and multifaceted phenomenon.
Encompassing emic and etic approaches, the chapters included in the volume jointly shed light on ideas and practices
related to the complex notion. A general overview is provided to account for the connections and relevance of the
different parts.
A pragmatic model of hypocrisy
Authors: Sorlin Sandrine , Virtanen Tuija 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Based on the general definition of hypocrisy given in the introductory chapter, this chapter shows how
pragmatics can deepen and add to the understanding of hypocrisy. It first guides the reader to think differently about
this traditionally morally-laden and negatively-evaluated notion. It then sets out to establish the pragmatic space of
verbal hypocrisy by confronting it with the notions of face, tact, flattery, politeness, irony, deception, and lying.
To be identified as such, hypocrisy appears to require a reveal by or through a third party, but it can be left
unexposed in contexts where people jointly play along with it, and occasionally even be disclosed by the hypocrite. As
a first attempt to date, we devise a pragmatic model of verbal hypocrisy. The chapter concludes with a comment on the
need for a renewed philosophy of language.
Three-dimensional carbon interdigitated ring array nanofibers for electrochemical detection of dopamine neurotransmitter
Authors: Kosri Elyana , Ibrahim Fatimah , Thiha Aung , Madou Marc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter is a prominent component of the central nervous system and its deficiency contributes to several diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia, which significantly influence the quality of life of affected individuals. This paper introduces a circular interdigitated ring electrode, the three-dimensional carbon interdigitated ring array nanofibers (3D C-IDRA NFs), for the detection of DA using amperometric detection. The study utilized cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry to investigate DA. The integration of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with 3D C-IDRA demonstrated enhanced surface area, increased current peak, and superior performance compared to the standalone 3D C-IDRA electrode, as evidenced by a redox amplification factor of 2.94 and a collection efficiency of 81.1%. The results highlight that integrating CNFs with 3D C-IDRA improves the electrochemical performance in detecting DA neurotransmitter. Thus, this discovery elucidates the advantageous potential of the 3D C-IDRA NF electrode in a wide range of applications.
Comparison of stable spin textures in in-plane vs. out-of-plane magnetized exchange-biased multilayers
Authors: Dieny B , Fruchart O , Marinero E E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the origins and specificity of the unique stable spin textures (360° closed loop domain walls and skyrmions) observed in exchange-biased systems, with either in-plane or out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. In the case of skyrmions, which are nanometer-sized bubbles consisting of closed-loop 180° walls in perpendicularly-magnetized media, the stability of these spin textures arises from the existence of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions. These interactions induce chirality of the domain walls, yielding to some extent a so-called topological protection. More complex structures such as skyrmoniums have been observed, consisting of closed loop 360° walls. Recently, skyrmions formed in the absence of an applied external magnetic field have been stabilized in exchange biased out-of-plane magnetized systems. About two decades ago, another type of stable spin-textures were observed in exchange biased systems, with in-plane magnetization, in particular in the pinned reference layer of spin-valves. These textures consist of 360°-domain-wall rings, the stability of which arises from the easy-plane shape anisotropy of these layers. In this paper, we compare these spin-textures and highlight the similarities and differences in their formation, structure and origin of their stability.
Simulation study of the Gilbert damping in Ni80Fe20/Nd bilayers: comparison with experiments
Authors: Cao Lulu , Ruta Sergiu , Khamtawi Rungtawan , Chureemart Phanwadee , Zhai Ya , Evans Richard F L , Chantrell Roy W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present an experimental and computational investigation the Neodymium thickness dependence of the effective damping constant (

α

eff

) in Ni
80
Fe
20/Neodymium (Py/Nd) bilayers. The computational results show that the magnetic damping is strongly dependent on the thickness of Nd, which is in agreement with experimental data. Self consistent solutions of the spin accumulation model and the local magnetisation were used in the simulations. It was not possible to obtain agreement with experiment under the assumption of an enhanced damping in a single Py monolayer. Instead, it was found that the enhanced damping due to spin pumping needed to be spread across two monolayers of Py. This is suggested to arise from interface mixing. Subsequently, the temperature dependence of the effective damping was investigated. It is found that, with increasing temperature, the influence of thermally-induced spin fluctuations on magnetic damping becomes stronger with increasing Nd thickness.
Modulation of electrodes on the sensitivity of the Pockels effect
Authors: Wang Jiarong , He Bo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the sensitivity of the system in the Pockels effect, a design scheme for adding antennas at both ends of the crystal is proposed. Firstly, the influence of the applied electric field on the refractive index of the crystal is explored, and the relationship between the applied electric field and the output of the system is deduced. Secondly, two different antenna models are designed (one is to connect the antenna directly to both ends of the crystal, and the other is to connect the antenna after coating on the crystal), the distribution of the applied electric field in the internal field of the crystal under different models is studied, and the corresponding input and output transfer functions are analyzed. The analysis shows that the sensitivity of the system is improved in different antenna modes, and the crystal coating has little effect on the sensitivity. In addition, the antenna model without coating is simple to install, but the internal field strength of the crystal shows a tendency to be large in the middle and small at both ends, so it is easier to produce electric field breakdown effect in the strong field. The internal field strength distribution of the coated crystal is approximately uniform field, and the field strength maximum is smaller than that of the non-coated antenna model, so crystal breakdown is not easy to occur in the strong field. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is verified by experiments.
Comparative analysis of GNSS-IR sea-level retrieval methods
Authors: Hou Jinhua , Wang Nazi , He Kaifei , Gao Fan , Wang Shuo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A global navigation satellite system interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique has been confirmed to retrieve sea levels using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data. To investigate the suitability of different GNSS-IR sea-level retrieval methods, several strategies were tested during the data process, including: the whole-arc Lomb-Scargle periodogram (whole-arc LSP) method and the window LSP (WinLSP) method, when using spectral analysis on SNR data; the tidal harmonic analysis (THA) and dynamic SNR method, when using dynamic correction on retrievals; and the moving-window smoothing method, proposed for application upon processing of retrievals. Furthermore, the THA method is improved by segmented SNR data, and the moving-window smoothing method with robust local weighted regression (RLOWESS) and a Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter was adopted for better serviceability. One-month data from the SC02 station were used to test all the strategies by comparing with local tide-gauge records. HKQT station further verified the usability of the moving-window smoothing method. The results confirmed that the WinLSP method can obtain more retrievals, implying higher temporal resolution, but the whole-arc LSP method achieves better precision. The former is easily susceptible to the sampling rate of the SNR. The correction results of the dynamic SNR method are better than those of the segmented THA method. When the former is applied to retrievals from the WinLSP method, the retrievals of all windows from multiple SNR arcs should be adjusted simultaneously. The moving-window smoothing method based on RLOWESS and the SG filter is more applicable to the retrievals corrected by the segmented THA method, and the smoothing effect of the two smoothing methods makes little difference. In addition, wind speed more than 20 m s−1 seriously affects the effect of GNSS-IR sea-level retrieval. The GNSS-IR technique has the potential for centimeter-level sea level retrieval.
A novel data augmentation method for steering mechanism fault diagnosis based on variational autoencoding generative adversarial networks with self-attention
Authors: Lei Tongfei , Pei Zeyu , Pan Feng , Li Bing , Xu Yongsheng , Shao Haidong , Zhao Ke 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Learning the original data distribution and generating new samples has proven to be an effective approach in addressing the issue of data imbalance. This paper combines the strengths of generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoder, proposing a novel data augmentation method named variational autoencoding generative adversarial networks with self-attention. Specifically, an encoding-decoding process is introduced during the generative adversarial process to provide distribution information for the generator’s sampling space, thereby accelerating the model’s convergence speed and simultaneously improving the quality of generated samples. Additionally, a self-attention module is incorporated into the discriminator to capture global information from the input data, guiding the generator. During the training process, overlapping sampling and feature-layer matching are employed. Comparative experiments with other advanced algorithms on both public and engineering datasets with multiple imbalanced cases demonstrate that the proposed method can generate high-quality samples, effectively enhance original imbalanced data, and exhibit strong generalization and robustness.
Fusion Analyser: a novel measurement method and software tool for dental model analysis in orthodontics
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Liang Shuang , Xie Xianju , Zhang Li , Chang Qiao , Zuo Feifei , Wang Yajie , Bai Yuxing , Gu Yu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accurate analysis of dental models is crucial for diagnosing and treating malocclusion successfully. Traditional measurement techniques, however, often fail to accurately measure teeth in crowded conditions. In this study, we introduce Fusion Analyser (FA), an innovative software tool capable of calculating key dental indicators, thereby advancing the scope of digital dental model analysis. Our unique FA framework employs segmentation discs on teeth to enhance the accuracy of the anterior Bolton’s ratio, outperforming the widely-used 3Shape software when dealing with crowded teeth. The FA framework exhibits performance commensurate with the established gold standard, as evidenced by high scores across a range of evaluation metrics, thereby validating its accuracy, stability, and efficiency. The potential of the FA framework as an auxiliary tool for dentists, particularly in diagnosing and strategising treatment plans for malocclusion, is underscored.
A surprising two-inductor circuit
Authors: Mungan Carl E , Helton Joel S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introductory textbooks often consider circuits in which a switch is used to alternately connect or disconnect a battery from series or parallel combinations of simple components such as resistors and inductors. An example circuit is presented here whose behaviour is contradictory if all components are ideal. A simple modification is proposed for the behaviour of the switch to resolve the contradiction.
Mutually enhanced multi-view information learning for segmentation of lung tumor in CT images
Authors: Xuan Ping , Xu Yinfeng , Cui Hui , Jin Qiangguo , Wang Linlin , Nakaguchi Toshiya , Zhang Tiangang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. The accurate automatic segmentation of tumors from computed tomography (CT) volumes facilitates early diagnosis and treatment of patients. A significant challenge in tumor segmentation is the integration of the spatial correlations among multiple parts of a CT volume and the context relationship across multiple channels. Approach. We proposed a mutually enhanced multi-view information model (MEMI) to propagate and fuse the spatial correlations and the context relationship and then apply it to lung tumor CT segmentation. First, a feature map was obtained from segmentation backbone encoder, which contained many image region nodes. An attention mechanism from the region node perspective was presented to determine the impact of all the other nodes on a specific node and enhance the node attribute embedding. A gated convolution-based strategy was also designed to integrate the enhanced attributes and the original node features. Second, transformer across multiple channels was constructed to integrate the channel context relationship. Finally, since the encoded node attributes from the gated convolution view and those from the channel transformer view were complementary, an interaction attention mechanism was proposed to propagate the mutual information among the multiple views. Main results. The segmentation performance was evaluated on both public lung tumor dataset and private dataset collected from a hospital. The experimental results demonstrated that MEMI was superior to other compared segmentation methods. Ablation studies showed the contributions of node correlation learning, channel context relationship learning, and mutual information interaction across multiple views to the improved segmentation performance. Utilizing MEMI on multiple segmentation backbones also demonstrated MEMI's generalization ability. Significance. Our model improved the lung tumor segmentation performance by learning the correlations among multiple region nodes, integrating the channel context relationship, and mutual information enhancement from multiple views.
Generative adversarial neural network for 3D-hologram reconstruction
Authors: Kiriy Semen A , Rymov Dmitry A , Svistunov Andrey S , Shifrina Anna V , Starikov Rostislav S , Cheremkhin Pavel A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Neural-network-based reconstruction of digital holograms can improve the speed and the quality of micro- and macro-object images, as well as reduce the noise and suppress the twin image and the zero-order. Usually, such methods aim to reconstruct the 2D object image or amplitude and phase distribution. In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of using a generative adversarial neural network to reconstruct 3D-scenes consisting of a set of cross-sections. The method was tested on computer-generated and optically-registered digital inline holograms. It enabled the reconstruction of all layers of a scene from each hologram. The reconstruction quality is improved 1.8 times when compared to the U-Net architecture on the normalized standard deviation value.
Effect of spermidine on reproductive, seed quality and bio-physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under salt stress
Authors: Sawariya Mamta , Yadav Neha , Kumar Ajay , Mehra Himanshu , Kumar Naveen , Devi Sarita , Arya Sunder Singh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The experiment aimed to investigate the impact of foliar application of spermidine on the physiological and reproductive aspects of chickpea genotypes subjected to salt stress, with a focus on its consequences for seed quality. The study involved treating chickpea genotypes (CSG 8962, HC 3, HC 5, RSG 931) with 4 and 8 dSm−1 Cl− dominate salinity during the seedling stage, and application of 0.5 and 1.0 mM spermidine at the flowering stage. Result revealed that salinity significantly reduced chlorophyll and membrane stability index by approximately 46.97% and 23.19%, respectively. Concurrently, pollen germination and viability decreased about 14.14% and 22.24%, leading to a substantial decline in seed protein content (37.70%) at 8 dSm−1 salinity. While there was an increase in antioxidant activity (45.83%), phenol content decreased in response to salinity stress. Foliar application of spermidine (0.5 and 1.0 mM) proved to be a promising intervention, enhancing chlorophyll stability and phenol content by approximately 24.35% and 36.05%, respectively, at 8 dSm−1 salinity. This improvement is associated with a notable 20.01% increase in pollen viability, resulting in a subsequent rise in protein content by about 20.73% at 1.0 mM spermidine. Additionally, the application of spermidine mitigated Na+ ion accumulation in chickpea seeds. The findings underscore the varying performance of chickpea genotypes under salinity stress, with CSG 8962 and RSG 931 exhibiting poorer outcomes compared to other genotypes. Notably, the positive impact of spermidine was more pronounced, especially with the use of 1.0 mM spermidine, which demonstrated a more significant positive effect in salt-sensitive chickpea genotypes. These results emphasize the potential of spermidine as a strategic tool in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on chickpea crops, offering valuable insights for the development of sustainable practices to enhance chickpea resilience and seed quality under challenging environmental conditions.