bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of response of structures with passive and active tuned mass dampers
Authors: Rasouli S. K. , Yahyai M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTuned mass dampers (TMDs) and active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) are control devices added in tall buildings to suppress the response of buildings in irregular external excitations such as earthquakes and wind. The performance of both passive and active damper systems can be assessed by parametric studies. This paper presents a brief description of the theory of passive and active tuned mass dampers. In this work, the effect of TMDs has been studied by changing the frequency ratio of the damper to the first mode of the structure. It was observed that the extra damping provided by TMDs, called effective damping, can primarily be obtained from design charts developed for this purpose. A 25‐storey building is designed and analysed using these charts as an example. The behaviour of a structure with an active tuned mass damper is investigated. The related parameters and equations of the active mass damper for the building are solved and its behaviour arising from external loads is studied. The conventional studies, which are based on white‐noise excitations, usually overestimate the performance of TMDs and ATMDs. Hence, in order to study the behaviour of a building with a TMD and an ATMD in real excitations, El‐Centro and Tabas earthquakes are selected. The results show a significant increase in the effect of TMD performance in controlling the structural displacements by using additional control devices. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doing Business in India
Authors: Budhwar Pawan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOn its independence in 1947, India was among the two most industrialized nations in Asia. Since then it
adopted a “mixed economy” approach that hindered its national growth and the optimum utilization of
its immense resources (both natural and human). To re‐establish itself as an economic force in
the region, India liberalized its economy in early 1990s. The adoption of the “free market economy”
model has created great opportunities for foreign businesses. This article provides useful information on the
complex business environment, aimed to help foreign businessmen and investors to develop a good understanding on
key background knowledge for being successful in India. It reviews Indian historical development, political
structure and climate, international relations, and economy and foreign trade. India's infrastructure,
legal framework, socio‐cultural set‐up, competitive environment, as well as market structure and
potential are also analyzed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ecotoxicological monitoring of remediation in a coke oven soil
Authors: Mendonça E. , Picado A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAssessment of contaminated sites is usually based on chemical analyses of hazardous compounds in soil. This is enough either to assess the environmental hazard of contaminated soil nor to evaluate the efficiency of applied remediation techniques. Information on the bioavailability of complex mixtures of xenobiotics and degradation products cannot be provided by chemical analytical data, but results from bioassays can integrate the effects of pollutants in mixtures. In the preservation of human health and environmental quality, it is important to evaluate ecotoxicological effects of contaminated industrial soils to complement the techniques of analytical chemistry. The monitoring of a coke oven soil and the evaluation of the landfarming treatment technique, conducted on‐site in a pilot scale installation, was done by a battery of ecotoxicological tests: acute, chronic, and genotoxicity tests. Contaminated soil samples revealed toxic effects for different species mainly due to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After landfarming treatment, soil samples presented significant reduction in toxicity, confirming the effectiveness of the landfarming process pointed out by a significant reduction in low molecular weight PAH concentrations. Comparative analysis of the different ecotoxicological tests allowed the establishment and validation of a more suitable procedure for the monitoring of PAH contaminated soils. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 74–79, 2002
L‐subshell fluorescence yield ratios, ω1/ω2, ω1/ω3 and ω2/ω3, for the elements 55 ≤ Z ≤ 92
Authors: Söǧüt Ömer , Büyükkasap Erdoǧan , Ertuǧrul Mehmet 
Published: August 2002

Abstractω1/ω2, ω1/ω3 and ω2/ω3 L‐subshell fluorescence yield ratios were measured for Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Ho, Er, Yb, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U at an excitation energy of 59.5 keV using an Si(Li) detector coupled to a Model 4096 computerized multi‐channel analyser. The present results are compared with other experimental values. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of EDXRF to the assessment of aortic valve mineralization
Authors: Wróbel A. , Rokita E. , Korbas M. , Podolec P. , Goncerz G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCalcification of the aortic valve cusps due to degenerative changes is the most common lesion encountered in patients who require aortic valve replacement. The primary pathogenic mechanisms responsible for calcific degeneration of the aortic valves still remain unclear. Moreover, there are no convenient methods for the assessment of aortic valve susceptibility to mineralization, which is of crucial importance for the choice of valves for transplantation. The present study was undertaken to develop a quick method for the assessment of the mineralization of aortic valve samples by determination of the increase in calcium level during in vitro incubation of aorta samples. Such a method would allow one to obtain the necessary information without destruction of the material for transplantation. The study consisted in the incubation of human aorta and aortic valve samples, followed by the determination of calcium concentrations by EDXRF. The following elements were detected: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Br. Compton scattering was used for determination of the sample thickness. The results showed that if there is an increase in Ca level in aortic valves it is accompanied by its elevation in aorta. The study showed that EDXRF may be a useful tool for studies of mineralization processes in aortic valve and aorta samples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning of CaYRB1, the Candida albicans RanBP1/YRB1 homologue
Authors: Clément Martin , Fournier Hélène , Ouspenski Ilia I. , de Repentigny Louis , Belhumeur Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe yeast Ran binding protein 1 (Yrb1p) is a small protein of 23 kDa that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. It stimulates the GTPase activity of Gsp1p in the presence of the GTPase activating protein Rna1p. In addition to its role in nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules, YRB1/RanBP1 could be involved in the regulation of microtubules structure and dynamics. Since microtubules are tightly associated with morphological changes, we have been interested to study the role and function of YRB1 in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, where there is regulated change in cellular morphology. The gene product of CaYRB1 encodes a 212 amino acid protein displaying 73% homology to the S. cerevisiae homologue. The bacterially expressed gene product has an apparent molecular weight of 35.7 kDa. We show that it can complement a S. cerevisiae yrb1 null mutant and that its mRNA does not appear to be regulated in response to conditions inducing morphological changes in C. albicans. The sequence of C. albicans YRB1 has been deposited in the GenBank database under Accession No. AF049868. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of 41 kb of the DNA sequence from the right arm of chromosome II of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Sánchez Manuel , Revuelta José L. , del Rey Francisco , Gwilliam Rhian , Skelton Jason , Churcher Carol , Rajandream Marie‐Adèle , Wood Valerie , Barrell Bart , Lyne Rachel , Reinhardt Richard , Borzym Katja , Beck Alfred , Moreno Sergio , Domínguez Angel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the complete sequence of cosmid c18A7 (41 046 bp insert), located on the right arm of chromosome II of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome. The sequence, which partially overlaps with cosmids SPBC4F6 and SPBC336, contains 16 open reading frames (ORFs) capable of coding for proteins of at least 100 amino acid residues in length (one partial) and one small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). Four known genes were found: swi10 (encoding a mating‐type switching protein also involved in nucleotide excision repair); dim1 (encoding a dimethyladenosine transferase); arf1 (encoding ADP‐ribosylation factor 1); and pol3 (cdc6) the partial fragment, encoding the 125 kDa catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase type B. Six ORFs similar to known proteins were found. They include a transporter of the major facilitator superfamily class, a vacuolar sorting protein, an asparagine synthase, a nuclear protein, a reticulum oxidoreductin and a heat shock protein. Each protein product of the other six ORFs has conserved domains and can be assigned a molecular, but not a biological, function. The sequence has been submitted to the EMBL database under Accession No. AL080287. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale phenotypic analysis reveals identical contributions to cell functions of known and unknown yeast genes
Authors: Bianchi Michele M. , Ngo Saravuth , Vandenbol Micheline , Sartori Geppo , Morlupi Alessandro , Ricci Carlo , Stefani Stefania , Morlino Giovanni B. , Hilger François , Carignani Giovanna , Slonimski Piotr P. , Frontali Laura 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSequencing of the yeast genome has shown that about one‐third of the yeast ORFs code for unknown proteins. Many other have similarity to known genes, but still the cellular functions of the gene products are unknown. The aim of the B1 Consortium of the EUROFAN project was to perform a qualitative phenotypic analysis on yeast strains deleted for functionally orphan genes. To this end we set up a simple approach to detect growth defects of a relatively large number of strains in the presence of osmolytes, ethanol, high temperature, inhibitory compounds or drugs affecting protein biosynthesis, phosphorylation level or nucleic acids biosynthesis. We have now developed this procedure to a semi‐quantitative level, we have included new inhibitors, such as hygromycin B, benomyl, metals and additional drugs interfering with synthesis of nucleic acids, and we have performed phenotypic analysis on the deleted strains of 564 genes poorly characterized in respect to their cellular functions. About 30% of the deleted strains showed at least one phenotype: many of them were pleiotropic. For many gene deletions, the linkage between the deletion marker and the observed phenotype(s) was studied by tetrad analysis and their co‐segregation was demonstrated. Co‐segregation was found in about two‐thirds of the analysed strains showing phenotype(s). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutant analysis reveals complex regulation of sphingolipid long chain base phosphates and long chain bases during heat stress in yeast
Authors: Ferguson‐Yankey Stacey R. , Skrzypek Marek S. , Lester Robert L. , Dickson Robert C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSphingolipid long chain bases (LCBs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and phytosphingosine (PHS) and their phosphates (DHS‐P and PHS‐P) are thought to play roles in heat stress. However, quantitative studies of LCBs and LCBPs have been limited by analytical methods. A new analytical procedure allowed us to measure changes in all known LCBPs and LCBs in wild‐type and mutant cells during heat shock and to correlate the changes with heat stress resistance. All five molecular species of LCBPs increased rapidly but transiently when log and stationary phase cells were heat‐stressed and when log‐phase cells were induced for thermotolerance, suggesting that LCBPs play a role in heat stress. In support of this hypothesis, cells lacking the minor LCB kinase, Lcb5p, but not the major kinase, Lcb4p, were two‐fold less resistant to killing when log‐phase cells were induced for thermotolerance. Thus, LCBPs seem to play a minor role in heat‐stress resistance. However, their role may be masked by LCBs, which are elevated in mutant strains, such as one lacking Lcb4p. This elevation demonstrates that one function of Lcb4p is to regulate LCB levels. Two new compounds, C16 DHS and C16 DHS‐P, were identified, with the latter being degraded by the Dpl1p lyase. Our data provide a basis for determining how the basal and heat‐induced levels of individual species of LCBs and LCBPs are governed by the Lcb4p and Lcb5p kinases, the Dpl1p lyase and the Lcb3p phosphatase. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐specific fecundity of mammalian populations: A test of three mathematical models
Authors: Gage Timothy B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEmpirical age‐specific fecundity distributions are often based on small samples and hence include high levels of sampling error, particularly at the older ages. One solution to this problem is to smooth the distributions using appropriate models. The aim of this article is to compare the utility of three models for smoothing and/or graduating these distributions. The three models examined are 1) the Gamma distribution, 2) the Hadwiger function, and 3) the Brass polynomial. Test data sets consist of four types of primates (including humans), Asian elephants, and Przewalski’s horse (an extinct species). The results indicate that all three models work well with a variety of mammalian data. The simplest of these models, the Brass polynomial, cannot be rejected based on available data and appears to be the optimum choice. Zoo Biol 20:487–499, 2001. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxalate and Urinary Stones
Authors: Ogawa Yoshihide , Miyazato Tomonori , Hatano Tadashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCalcium oxalate is a major component of renal stones, and its urinary concentration plays an important role in stone formation. Even a small increase in urinary oxalate has a significant impact on calcium oxalate saturation. Although primary hyperoxaluria is relatively uncommon, patients with calcium oxalate stones have some degree of hyperoxaluria. To understand the underlying causes of such hyperoxaluria, the processes of oxalate synthesis and excretion must be clarified. This article focuses on the determination of oxalate, calculation of its saturation, and the hyperoxaluric syndromes with special reference to metabolic precursors of oxalate, including ascorbic acid, glyoxylate, and glycolate.
Role of Esophagectomy in Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma with Clinical Evidence of Adjacent Organ Invasion
Authors: Matsubara Toshiki , Ueda Mamoru , Kokudo Norihiro , Takahashi Takashi , Muto Tetsuichiro , Yanagisawa Akio 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.With carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus, clinical evidence of invasion of adjacent organs (T4) indicates a highly advanced stage, and most surgeons avoid esophagectomy. Although the therapeutic strategy for such disease is generally selected based on preoperative evaluation and intraoperative inspection, their accuracy and the relation to survival outcomes after esophagectomy have seldom been analyzed on the basis of exact histopathologic evidence. We performed esophagectomy, with perioperative adjuvant therapy when possible, on patients with clinical‐T4 tumors unless absolutely unresectable conditions were detected. Among the 500 patients who underwent esophagectomy, the 78 patients whose tumors were confirmed to be T4 pathologically were compared with patients whose tumors were assessed as T4 preoperatively or intraoperatively to evaluate the role of esophagectomy for clinical‐T4 carcinoma. Esophagectomy was possible for 99% of the pathologic‐T4 tumors preoperatively assessed as resectable, but the resection was grossly incomplete in 35%. The true‐positive rates in tumors preoperatively and intraoperatively assessed as T4 were 51% and 84%, respectively. The hospital mortality rate in patients with pathologic‐T4 tumors was 4%. The overall 5‐year survival rate for patients with pathologic‐T4 tumors was 14%, compared with 60% for those with tumors assessed as T4 intraoperatively but not pathologically. Esophagectomy with perioperative adjuvant therapy yielded occasional cure with an acceptable mortality rate for patients with pathologic‐T4 tumors assessed as technically resectable. Preoperative assessment and intraoperative macroscopic inspection had limitations for predicting pathologic‐T4 disease and incomplete resection. Only patients with definitive evidence of unresectability should be excluded from esophagectomy.
Pseudotumor Developing in Heterotopic Pancreas
Authors: Fékété F. , Noun R. , Sauvanet A. , Fléjou J.F. , Bernades P. , Belghiti J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas (CDHP) is characterized by the presence of cystic formations surrounded by inflammation and scarring. It usually involves the duodenal wall and can be responsible for strictures and pain. The diagnosis of this disorder was previously based on pancreatoduodenectomy specimens removed for a suspected pancreatic tumor. Six cases were observed in young men (mean age 40 years) between 1989 and 1993. Computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features allowed definitive preoperative diagnosis of CDHP. After surgical resection of the tissue‐bearing segments that included five pancreatoduodenectomies and one antrectomy, symptoms disappeared in all patients. Patients were followed 2 to 45 months; one patient experienced recurrence of pain and hyperamylasemia 17 months after surgery. The preoperative diagnosis of CDHP is presently possible because of modern imaging procedures and improved knowledge of specific signs. Resection is the most appropriate treatment.
Parathyroid Incidentalomas in Normocalcemic Patients during Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Carnaille Bruno M. , Pattou François N. , Oudar Christophe , Lecomte‐Houcke Martine C. , Rocha José E. , Proye Charles A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical, biochemical, and pathologic findings of normocalcemic patients with macroscopically enlarged parathyroid tissue identified at thyroid surgery with those of patients treated surgically for preoperatively proved primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The records of 28 patients with incidental parathyroid enlargement and 533 patients with PHPT were reviewed to compare age, sex, serum calcium and phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), parathyroid weight, number of diseased glands, cell and histologic types, PTH content, and cure rate. Incidentally found lesions were lighter and developed in younger patients. Biochemistry and pathology found them to be less hyperfunctioning. Sex, number of diseased glands per patient, and cell type were not different. PTH content was low in the incidental lesions. Incidentally discovered enlarged parathyroid glands are mildly hyperfunctioning at the time of discovery. They may represent an early stage of lesion responsible for overt PHPT. In the absence of knowledge concerning their significance and evolution, we recommend that enlarged parathyroids found during the course of a thyroid operation be removed.
Prognostic Impact of Splenectomy on Gastric Cancer: Results of the Korean Gastric Cancer Study Group
Authors: Kwon Sung Joon ,   Members of the Korean Gastric Cancer Study Group
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relation between splenectomy and survival time after curative total gastrectomy for gastric cancer was reviewed retrospectively on 492 patients treated at nine hospitals between 1989 and 1993. Altogether 260 patients underwent splenectomy, and 232 patients did not. A univariate analysis revealed that the survival time of patients with splenectomy was significantly less than those without splenectomy (p= 0.0265). In a subgroup of our patients stratified to adjust for the stage of disease, there was no significant difference between the survival rates. Splenectomy remained insignificant according to the multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional‐hazard regression. The splenectomy group was associated with more risk factors (e.g., T3/T4 tumors, positive nodes, stage greater than III, large tumor size) that are powerful predictors of death due to gastric cancer. In a separate multivariate analysis after eliminating those who had a T4 tumor invasion or a N2 nodal positivity from the analysis (or both), splenectomy again remained insignificant. In conclusion, we could not find any beneficial effect of splenectomy in gastric cancer patients in this retrospective multivariate analysis. We can presume that splenectomy cannot increase the survival rate so long as the splenectomy group has more risk factors than the nonsplenectomy group. Therefore randomized prospective clinical trials using more precise criteria to indicate the need for splenectomy are needed to assess whether splenectomy is beneficial.
The Redox Regulation of LMW‐PTP During Cell Proliferation or Growth Inhibition
Authors: Chiarugi Paola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary Low‐molecular‐weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW‐PTP) is an enzyme involved in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)‐induced mitogenesis and cytoskeleton rearrangement, because it is able to bind and dephosphorylate the activated receptor. LMW‐PTP contains two cysteines located in position 12 and 17, both inside the catalytic pocket: this is a unique feature of LMW‐PTP among all protein tyrosine phosphatases. LMW‐PTP is oxidized and inactivated both in vitro and in vivo by exogenous oxidative stress and by endogenously generated oxidative burst produced during PDGF signaling, and recovers its activity within 40 min. The reversibility of in vivo LMW‐PTP oxidation is glutathione dependent. The additional catalytic pocket cysteine, in position 17, retains an intriguing and peculiar role in the formation of a S‐S intramolecular bond, which protects the catalytic Cys12 from further and irreversible oxidation. The presence of an additional cysteine near the catalytic one, confers to LMW‐PTP the ability to rapidly recover its activity and finely regulate PDGF receptor activation during both extracellularly and intracellularly generated oxidative stress. In addition, redox up‐regulation of LMW‐PTP is involved in intracellular delivery of antiproliferative signals, as the arrest of growth induced by cell confluence and differentiation are associated with a decrease in the steadystate levels of intracellular ROS. The studies of the redox state of LMW‐PTP in contact‐inhibited cells and in mature myoblasts demonstrate that the protein is reduced and activated in both these conditions, thus leading to the hypothesis that LMW‐PTP is a modulator of growth inhibition.