bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextualising and challenging under-representation in research in light of cultural trauma: a scoping review and qualitative focus group study
Authors: Fryer Kate , Hutt Isobel , Aminu Habiba , Linton Emma , White Johanna , reynolds josephine , Mitchell Caroline 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Although underserved populations— including those from ethnic minority communities and those living in poverty—have worse health and poorer healthcare experiences, most primary care research does not fairly reflect these groups. Patient and public involvement (PPI) is usually embedded within research studies in the United Kingdom (UK), but often fails to represent underserved populations. This study reviewed current literature and worked with patient and public contributors and local community leaders, situated in a socio-economically deprived and ethnically diverse urban area, to explore under-representation in research.
Methods
This study had two phases: a scoping review to identify theory and recommendations about engaging underserved groups in health research; two qualitative focus groups, one with a purposive sample of 6 members of a Patient and Public Involvement Group (PPIG), and one with 4 community leaders (representing black, South Asian, Roma and socio-economically deprived communities). An iterative analysis process based on template analysis was used. Focus group 1 was rapidly analysed, and a template created. Findings were presented in focus group 2, and the template further developed. In-depth analysis of both focus groups was then performed based on the template. Literature review and focus group data were triangulated using the concept of cultural trauma as a theoretical framework.
Results
Wider societal and historical influences have degraded trust in academic and healthcare institutions within underserved populations. Along with more practical considerations, trust underpins personal motivations to engage with research. Researchers need to invest time and resources in prolonged, mutually beneficial engagement with communities of importance to their research, including sharing power and influence over research priorities. Researcher reflexivity regarding differential power and cultural competencies are crucial. Utilising participatory methodologies including co-production demonstrates a commitment to inclusive study design.
Conclusions
Re-framing evidence-based medicine to be more useful and relevant to underserved populations with the highest burden of ill health is urgently needed. Lack of representation in health research reflects wider societal inequalities, but there are actions that researchers can take to widen representation. This will ultimately help achieve the goal of increased health equity by enhancing scientific rigour and research generalizability.
Transcranial brain parenchyma sonography in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Đorđević Ivana , Đorđević Stefan , Kosać Ana , Vučinić Dragana , Radović Nelica Ivanović , Ždraljević Mirjana , Mijajlović Milija 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
There are rising evidences that subcortical structures, including the basal ganglia, are affected in patients with epilepsy. These structures are thought to influence the modulation and phenotypic expression of epileptic seizures. Our study aimed to evaluate the presence of structural abnormalities in subcortical structures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 51 patients who were diagnosed with JME and who were monitored on an outpatient basis at the Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth in Belgrade from January 1985 to October 2017. All patients underwent transcranial parenchymal sonography (TCS) from October 2015 to October 2017. Relation of clinical parameters (seizure control, cognitive functioning, and behavior) with TCS results was assessed.
Results
Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) was detected in 37.2% of JME subjects and it was significantly more common in patients with JME than in the control group. The marked echogenicity of the red nucleus (RN) was detected in 17.6% of cases, while 11.8% of subjects had hyperechogenic RN. The presence of hyperechogenic RN (both right and left) was significantly more frequent in the group of patients with JME compared to the control group. The third ventricle diameter was larger in patients with JME than in controls.
Conclusion
Structural changes of certain subcortical structures, primarily SN and RN, detected in JME patients indicate additional non-lesional abnormalities of the basal ganglia and midbrain structures in these patients.
The Hospital Frailty Risk Score as a Useful Inpatient Prognostic tool for Clostridioides difficile infections: A Nationwide Assessment
Authors: Kilani Yassine , Alsakarneh Saqr , Aldiabat Mohammad , Puelo Priscila Castro , Mosquera Daniel Alejandro Gonzalez , Guatam Misha , Jaber Fouad , Sohail Amir H. , Madi Mahmoud Y. , Numan Laith , Clarkston Wendell K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Data regarding the inpatient mortality, morbidity, and healthcare resource utilization of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among frail individuals remain limited.
Aims
We aimed to assess the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) on the inpatient mortality, morbidity and healthcare resource utilization among CDI-related hospitalizations.
Methods
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we compared the odds of inpatient mortality and morbidity of primary CDI-related hospitalizations among individuals with LFS (low frailty scores), IFS (intermediate frailty scores), and HFS (high frailty scores).
Results
Overall, a total of 415,300 primary hospitalizations for CDI were recorded from 2016–2020. 185,950 had LFS, while 218,850 had IFS, and 10,495 had HFS. Frail individuals had a 4-7-fold increase in mortality (IFS: aOR = 4.19, 95%CI: 2.65–6.64; HFS: aOR = 6.67, 95%CI: 3.47–12.81), and were at increased odds of in-hospital morbidity (including secondary sepsis, respiratory failure, acute heart failure, AKI, dialysis use, CVA, and DVT) as compared to those with LFS. Frail individuals stayed on average 2–4 day longer, and had significantly increased healthcare expenditure, as compared to those with LFS.
Conclusion
In summary, our study presents strong evidence in support of using the HFRS as an index to predict the mortality and morbidity associated with CDI. An emphasis on prevention and early effective treatment of CDI should be implemented, especially in frail patients at risk.
The mitochondria-targeted Kaempferol nanoparticle ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wen E , Cao Yi , He Shiwen , Zhang Yuezhou , You Lanlan , Wang Tingqiu , Wang Zhigang , He Jun , Feng Yi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Kaempferol (KA), an natural antioxidant of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extensively used as the primary treatment for inflammatory digestive diseases with impaired redox homeostasis. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was exacerbated by mitochondrial dysfunction and abundant ROS, which highlights the role of antioxidants in targeting mitochondrial function. However, low bioavailability and high dosage of KA leading to unavoidable side effects limits clinical transformation. The mechanisms of KA with poor bioavailability largely unexplored, hindering development of the efficient strategies to maximizing the medicinal effects of KA. Here, we engineered a novel thioketals (TK)-modified based on DSPE-PEG2000 liposomal codelivery system for improving bioavailability and avoiding side effects (denotes as DSPE-TK-PEG2000-KA, DTM@KA NPs). We demonstrated that the liposome exerts profound impacts on damaging intracellular redox homeostasis by reducing GSH depletion and activating Nrf2, which synergizes with KA to reinforce the inhibition of inadequate fission, excessive mitochondrial fusion and impaired mitophagy resulting in inflammation and apoptosis; and then, the restored mitochondrial homeostasis strengthens ATP supply for PAC renovation and homeostasis. Interestingly, TK bond was proved as the main functional structure to improve the above efficacy of KA compared with the absence of TK bond. Most importantly, DTM@KA NPs obviously suppresses PAC death with negligible side effects in vitro and vivo. Mechanismly, DTM@KA NPs facilitated STAT6-regulated mitochondrial precursor proteins transport via interacting with TOM20 to further promote Drp1-dependent fission and Pink1/Parkin-regulated mitophagy with enhanced lysosomal degradation for removing damaged mitochondria in PAC and then reduce inflammation and apoptosis. Generally, DTM@KA NPs synergistically improved mitochondrial homeostasis, redox homeostasis, energy metabolism and inflammation response via regulating TOM20-STAT6-Drp1 signaling and promoting mitophagy in SAP. Consequently, such a TCM’s active ingredients-based nanomedicine strategy is be expected to be an innovative approach for SAP therapy.
A Saudi DOCK2-deficient patient with recurrent multiple infections including recalcitrant warts
Authors: AlKhater Suzan A. , Alsaleh Mona A. , Chevalier Rémi , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Béziat Vivien , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Zhang Shen-Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Since the discovery of inherited DOCK2 deficiency in 2015, the clinical and immunological phenotypes of this condition have been progressively delineated with the description of 24 cases worldwide.
Case Description:
We report the first Saudi patient, who is homozygous for a novel DOCK2 variant, c.422dup p.(Lys142Glufs*12). Like previously reported cases, the patient had early onset pervasive viral and fungal infections, live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccine-related disseminated viral infections, lymphopenia, and elevated serum IgE level. Notably, persistent cutaneous common warts were also observed in our patient, suggesting a previously unrecognized role of DOCK2 in host defense against human papillomaviruses. The wart lesions, along with the other infections, improved upon starting prophylaxis intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. She is also maintained on anti-infectious therapy and awaits hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pending a matching donor.
Conclusions
This patient expands the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of inherited DOCK2 deficiency.
Optimization Techniques of DFIG Controller Design for Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Authors: Bharti Om Prakash 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is suggested for Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) to extract wind power. DFIG is preferably employed due to its robustness towards variable wind and rotor speed. DFIG has the adaptable property because the system parameters are smoothly dealt with, including real power, reactive power, DC-link voltage, and the transient and dynamic responses, which are needed to analyze constantly. The analysis becomes more prominent during any unusual condition in the electrical power system. Hence, the study and improvement in the system parameters and transient response performance of DFIG are required to be accomplished using some controlling techniques. For fulfilling the task, the present work implements and compares the optimization methods for the design of the DFIG controller for WECS. The bio-inspired optimization techniques are applied to get the optimal controller design parameters for DFIG-based WECS. The optimized DFIG controllers are then used to retrieve the transient response performance of the six-order DFIG model with a step input. The results using MATLAB/Simulink show the betterment of the Firefly algorithm (FFA) over other control techniques when compared with the other controller design methods.
Exploring the Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in combination with carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel for frail patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A Key Investigative Study
Authors: THOMAS thomasqicm , CHAABOUNI Mohamed , HERK Anas AL , LEFEVBRE Cesar , CAVAILLON Sarah , SINOQUET Léa , POUDEROUX Stéphane , VIALA Marie , ROCA Lise , QUANTIN Xavier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Immune checkpoint blockers have revolutionized the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, is a standard therapy either alone or in combination with chemotherapy (chemo-IO). The current study explores the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab with carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel in a cohort of frail patient.
METHODS
A monocentric retrospective study was conducted between 09/22/2020 and 01/19/2023 regarding patient with stage IV NSCLC treated by chemo-IO combination: carboplatin (AUC 5 mg/ml/min; Q4W), weekly paclitaxel (90 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15), and pembrolizumab (200mg Q4W). The primary objective was real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS). Secondary objectives were overall survival (OS), toxicity profile, and outcomes based on histological subtype.
RESULTS
Thirty-four patients (20 squamous and 14 non-squamous NSCLC) benefited from the chemo-IO regimen for frail patients. 41.9% had an ECOG-PS = 2; median age was 75.5 years. We observed an overall response rate (ORR) of 55.9%. Notably, squamous-NSCLC exhibited a significantly higher ORR (80%) than non-squamous-NSCLC (21.4%); p=0.001. Median rw-PFS was 10.6 months (95% CI [6.0, NA]), with 6- and 12-month rw-PFS rates of 69% and 45.8%, respectively. Median OS was not reached, with 12- and 18-month OS rates of 75.6% and 61.4%, respectively. The median number of maintenance cycles of pembrolizumab was 5 (0; 27). Nine patients (26.5%) had a toxicity related to chemotherapy leading to a reduction of the dose administered; 5 patients (14.7%) to a permanent discontinuation of chemotherapy. Six patients (17.6%) had an immune-related adverse event leading to the discontinuation of immunotherapy.
DISCUSSION
Pembrolizumab plus carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel demonstrates promising efficacy and safety in frail patients with metastatic NSCLC, especially for ORR in sq-NSCLC. Prospective studies are warranted, focusing on frail populations, to validate these findings and optimize therapeutic strategies in the first-line setting.
Extracting Temporal Relationships of Chinese Events Based on Graph Representation Learning
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Zhang Guohao , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The extraction of temporal relationships between events is crucial for downstream tasks such as automatic summarization and question-answering systems. Despite the impressive performance of large language models like ChatGPT in handling a wide range of tasks, extracting temporal relationships among Chinese events remains a significant challenge. Additionally, the lack of Chinese event temporal relation extraction datasets has constrained the development of this field. To address these issues, we have constructed MAND, a large-scale document-level dataset for evaluating event extraction and event temporal relation extraction. Subsequently, based on the MAND dataset, we propose a graph masking-repair method grounded in graph representation learning, which effectively captures global features and learns interdependencies among events. Furthermore, we represent coreference relationships in the document as a graph through coreference resolution and train our model using a graph masking mechanism. During the testing phase, we introduce an uncertainty calculation strategy to determine the prediction order of edges, aiming to reduce propagation errors. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms previous methods in the field of Chinese event temporal relation extraction.
Longitudinal 5-year-tracking of isometric Plank test strength in children and adolescents: A pre and post-COVID-19 social distancing study
Authors: Lemes Vanilson Batista , Brand Caroline 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose: to compare the effects of plank strength levels over a 5-year period (2018 vs. 2023) considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents.
Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal case study that employed a quantitative approach, developed with schoolchildren from a school located in the South Brazil. The initial sample consisted of 221 students (58.8% boys) aged 6 to 11 years evaluated in 2018 (baseline). The same group of students was reevaluated in 2023 (follow-up) when they were aged 11 to 16 years. The assessment of isometric strength in the plank test was conducted by adapting the "core" strength test. The test was performed twice within the same session, and the best measurement was recorded. Additionally, a retest was conducted 7 days later. The abdominal resistance strength was evaluated through the sit-up test, according to the protocol of Projeto Esporte Brasil.
Results: Regarding the results of the pre-pandemic (baseline) compared to the post-pandemic (follow-up) in girls, a significant negative effect over the 5-year period was observed in the comparison of raw values for isometric strength in the Plank Test's first three measurements at baseline, compared to the follow-up. Similar 5-year negative effects were observed in boys as those seen in girls, both in the raw values, and in the age-adjusted values, where no significant differences were found.
Conclusion: isometric strength levels on the Plank test remained stable over the 5-year period, despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating consistent core strength in schoolchildren.
Evidence of increasing water scarcity due to frequent drought under SSP2-4.5 climate change scenario in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Ngwenya Mthulisi , Busayo Emmanuel Tolulope , Simatele Mulala Danny 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Prolonged droughts can create severe water scarcity that can negatively affect sustainable human-environment interactions. In the Western Cape Province (WCP), South Africa, prolonged drought episodes are aggravating water scarcity and adversely affecting agricultural production. This study aimed to explore water resources sustainability in agroecological zones (AEZs) of the WC province. To this end, historical (1991–2020) and future (2021–2050) precipitation datasets under the SSP2-4.5 climate scenario were obtained from the sixth version of Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, (MIROC6). Using the Reliability (Rel.) − Resilience (Res.) − Vulnerability (Vul.) framework and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the sustainability index (SI) was used to quantify water availability conditions in different AEZs using the geometric mean method. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) test was applied to investigate the trends at a significance level of p < 0.05. The findings show that between 2021 and 2050 under the SSP2-4.5 climate scenario drought conditions will exacerbate water scarcity in AEZs compared to the historical observations. The results indicate that in arid climates, future SI, exhibited moderate water shortage (0.60 < SI < 0.80), while in semiarid climates future SI values, exhibited mild water shortages (0.62 < SI < 0.71); while in the humid climates, future SI values projected normal to above normal water availability condition (0.52 < SI < 0.58). Overall, trend analysis indicated non-insignificant positive vulnerability trends and significant negative trends for both reliability and resilience indicator. This study provides policy interventions and can foster development pathways to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals from a water and climate action perspective.
Modelling turbulent flow of superfluid 4He past a rough solid wall in the T = 0 limit
Authors: Doyle Matthew J , Golov Andrei I , Walmsley Paul M , Baggaley Andrew W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a numerical study, using the vortex filament model, of vortex tangles in a flow of pure superfluid 4He in the T = 0 limit through a channel of width D = 1 mm for various applied velocities V. The flat channel walls are assumed to be microscopically rough such that vortices terminating at the walls are permanently pinned; vortices are liberated from their pinned ends exclusively through self-reconnection with their images. Sustained tangles were observed, for a period of 80s, above the critical velocity Vc ∼ 0.20 cms-1 = 20 \frac{\kappa}{D}$. The coarse-grained velocity profile was akin to a classical parabolic profile of the laminar Poiseuille flow, albeit with a non-zero slip velocity ∼ 0.20cms-1 at the walls. The friction force was found to be proportional to the applied velocity. The effective kinematic viscosity was ∼ 0.1κ, and effective Reynolds numbers within Re′ < 15. The fraction of the polarized vortex length varied between zero in the middle of the channel and ∼ 60% within the shear flow regions ∼ D/4 from the walls. Therefore, we studied a state of polarized ultraquantum (Vinen) turbulence fuelled at short lengthscales by vortex reconnections, including those with vortex images due to the relative motion between the vortex tangle and the pinning rough surface.
Machine Learning-Enhanced Modelling of Dual-Core Silver-Coated PCF-SPR Sensor for Analyte Sensing
Authors: Haque Farzana , Saha Chanchal , Islam Nazrul , Yousuf Mohammad Abu , Hossain Muhammad Minoar , Rahman Mohammad Motiur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have garnered significant attention for their remarkable sensitivity in detecting molecular interactions and bio-molecular binding events. This study has proposed an approach to enhance the sensitivity of dual-core silver-coated PCF-SPR sensors and modelling by integrating machine learning (ML) algorithms. This sensor stands out with its dual-core design, boasting impressive capabilities such as the highest wavelength sensitivity of 30000 nm/RIU and a 3.33×10-6 resolution. It also covers a wide refractive index (RI) range from 1.34 to 1.41, using silver as the plasmonic material. Additionally, it utilizes ML techniques, including support vector regression, random forests, and multiple-variable linear regression, to enhance modelling accuracy, particularly in predicting confinement loss and the real part of effective RI. The high sensitivity of the proposed PCF-SPR sensor makes it a strong contender for use in bio-sensing applications.
Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Hanna Gregory , Liu Yanni , Rentschler Lauren , Hanna Barbara , Arnold Paul , Gehring William 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are components of the event-related potential following an error that are potential mechanistic biomarkers of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The study examined the ERN, Pe, flanker task accuracy, and clinical measures in 105 OCD cases and 105 matched healthy controls (HC), ages 8 to 18 years, with 21 cases having a tic disorder history. Higher flanker task accuracy in all participants was associated with an increased ERN amplitude and increased difference between Pe and correct positivity amplitudes (ΔPe). Compared to HC, OCD cases had an increased ERN but decreased flanker task accuracy and ΔPe. Those differences were also significant in tic-related and non-tic-related OCD cases compared to HC. A lower ΔPe was associated in OCD cases with an earlier age at OCD symptom onset. The results support the hypothesis that OCD involves defects in an error monitoring system and suggest a reduced ΔPe may compromise error signaling and cause uncertainty about the correctness of a response.