bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Diazomethyl)dimethylphosphine Oxide – A Diazoalkane Reagent for [3+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Slobodyanyuk Evgeniy Y. , Tarasiuk Ilona , Pasichnyk Taras , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Sibgatulin Dmytro O. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA safe and efficient method for the in‐situ preparation of (diazomethyl)dimethylphosphine oxide – a hereto unexplored diazoalkane reagent – is developed. The method is based on the diazotization of the corresponding P(O)Me2‐substituted amine (readily available in multigram quantities) in non‐aqueous media. The protocol provides the target product as ca. 1.5 M CHCl3 solution which is stable at −18 °C. The utility of the synthesized diazoalkane is illustrated by its [3+2] cycloaddition with electron‐poor alkynes and alkenes providing the corresponding P(O)Me2‐substituted pyrazoles and pyrazolines with moderate to good efficiency. In this view, the title compound represents and an important extension of medicinally relevant phosphine oxide reagents.
Ionic strength alters crosslinker‐driven self‐organization of microtubules
Authors: Chauhan Prashali , Lee Hong Beom , Goodbee Niaz , Martin Sophia , Branch Ruell , Sahu Sumon , Schwarz Jennifer M. , Ross Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe microtubule cytoskeleton is a major structural element inside cells that directs self‐organization using microtubule‐associated proteins and motors. It has been shown that finite‐sized, spindle‐like microtubule organizations, called “tactoids,” can form in vitro spontaneously from mixtures of tubulin and the antiparallel crosslinker, MAP65, from the MAP65/PRC1/Ase family. Here, we probe the ability of MAP65 to form tactoids as a function of the ionic strength of the buffer to attempt to break the electrostatic interactions binding MAP65 to microtubules and inter‐MAP65 binding. We observe that, with increasing monovalent salts, the organizations change from finite tactoids to unbounded length bundles, yet the MAP65 binding and crosslinking appear to stay intact. We further explore the effects of ionic strength on the dissociation constant of MAP65 using both microtubule pelleting and single‐molecule binding assays. We find that salt can reduce the binding, yet salt never negates it. Instead, we believe that the salt is affecting the ability of the MAP65 to form phase‐separated droplets, which cause the nucleation and growth of tactoids, as recently demonstrated.
Knowledge distillation representation and DCNMIX quality prediction‐based Web service recommendation
Authors: Cao Buqing , Huang Hao , Liu Shanpeng , Liu Yizhi , Wen Yiping , Zhou Dong , Tang Mingdong 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWeb service recommendation as an emerging topic attracts increasing attention due to its important practical significance. As the number of available Web services continues to grow, users face the challenge of searching the most suitable services that meet their specific needs. Quality of service (QoS)‐based service recommendation becomes a popular approach to address this issue. However, existing QoS‐based service recommendation methods are inability to effectively capture valuable content and structural information from services. These methods often rely solely on low‐order explicit feature intersections in QoS information, do not fully utilize the high‐order implicit feature intersections, and ignore the rich semantic information existing in service descriptions and user preferences. To address this problem, this paper proposes a Web service recommendation method via combining knowledge distillation representation and DCNMIX quality prediction. This method combines content‐based and structure‐based service classification and service prediction based on multi‐dimensional service quality information. First, it builds a service relationship network using semantic features extracted from service descriptions. Second, it designs a graph neural network knowledge distillation framework. The teacher model extracts the knowledge of the graph neural network model, and the student model learns the structure‐based and feature‐based prior knowledge of the service relationship network. Then the student model is used to learn the knowledge of the teacher model, classify Web services, and obtain service representations. Finally, based on service representations and multi‐dimensional QoS information, it exploits the DCNMIX model to learn the explicit and implicit features intersections of Web services and obtain the prediction score and ranking of Web services. The experimental results on the ProgrammableWeb dataset show that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art baselines in terms of Recall, F1, Logloss, and AUC_ROC.
Semi‐Automated MicroCT Analysis of Bone Anatomy and Mineralization in Mouse Models
Authors: Spoutil Frantisek , Dlugosova Sylvie , Varga Igor , Aranaz‐Novaliches Goretti , Novosadova Vendula , Prochazkova Michaela , Sedlacek Radislav , Prochazka Jan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe skeletal system mirrors several processes in the vertebrate body that impact developmental malfunctions, hormonal disbalance, malfunction of calcium metabolism and turn over, and inflammation processes such as arthrosis. X‐ray micro computed tomography is a useful tool for 3D in situ evaluation of the skeletal system in a time‐related manner, but results depend highly on resolution. Here, we provide the methodological background for a graduated evaluation from whole‐body analysis of skeletal morphology and mineralization to high‐resolution analysis of femoral and vertebral microstructure. We combine an expert‐based evaluation with a machine‐learning‐based computational approach, including pre‐setup analytical task lists. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: In vivo microCT scanning and skeletal analysis in miceBasic Protocol 2: Ex vivo high‐resolution microCT scanning and microstructural analysis of the femur and L4 vertebra
Facies analysis and depositional model of the Midcontinent Rift System in Kansas, USA
Authors: Azmi Iffat , Goldberg Karin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Midcontinent Rift System of North America is one of the oldest continental rifts but rifting ceased before continental breakup. The southern segment of the Midcontinent Rift System lies in Kansas, USA, where the stratigraphic succession and rift evolution are largely unknown. This study analysed the rift basin infill in this part of the Midcontinent Rift System to propose a depositional model. The Precambrian rift succession was described in discontinuous cores drilled in the Texaco Noel Poersch#1 well in Washington County. Sixteen lithofacies were identified and grouped into four different facies associations (fluvial, aeolian, lacustrine and alluvial fan). Overall, the studied succession comprises continental deposits accumulated dominantly in alluvial and aeolian settings, with the intermittent development of lacustrine systems. The proposed depositional models for the available core intervals indicate cyclic patterns of overfilled and underfilled phases within the rift basin. These changes in the accommodation‐to‐supply ratio were controlled by tectonism and probably modulated by climate during evolution in the syn‐rift phase. This study advances our understanding of variations across the Midcontinent Rift System.
Recent advances of metal suboxide catalysts for carbon‐neutral energy applications
Authors: Ding Shan , Duan Jingjing , Chen Sheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal suboxides have emerged as a class of promising candidates for many electrocatalytic applications owing to their enhanced electrical conductivity and chemical activities. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of metal suboxides. We have firstly introduced the discovery of metal suboxides, and their categories according to element tables. Then various metal suboxides synthetic methods have been systematically illustrated involving solid‐state synthesis, high‐temperature synthesis, low‐temperature synthesis and plasma‐driven synthetic methods, etc. In addition, their applications have been demonstrated in the field of water, carbon and nitrogen cycle‐based energy catalysis technologies involving electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction, urea oxidation reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction and nitrate reduction reaction, etc. Finally, we make a brief conclusion about the developments of metal suboxides, giving an outlook for future research challenges. These insights are expected to hold promise for developing metal suboxide catalysts toward practical applications.
Environment predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis lineage distribution and zones of recombination in South Africa
Authors: Verster Ruhan , Ghosh Pria N. , Sewell Tom R. , Garner Trenton W. J. , Fisher Matthew C. , Muller Wynand , Cilliers Dirk , Weldon Ché 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe amphibian‐infecting chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is widespread throughout Africa and is linked to declines of populations and species across the continent. While it is well established that the lineage of Bd encodes traits which determine disease severity, knowledge around how lineages are distributed according to environmental envelope is unclear. We here studied the distribution of Bd in South Africa based on the two lineages found, BdGPL and BdCAPE, in terms of their genome and environmental envelope statistically associated with their distribution. We used Bd surveillance data from published studies, as well as data collected during fieldwork from across South Africa, Lesotho, and eSwatini with samples collected along a transect spanning most of South Africa from Lesotho to the west coast. We utilized lineage‐typing qPCR to resolve the spatial distribution of BdGPL and BdCAPE across South Africa and used the resulting surveillance data to create a predictive ecological niche model for Bd lineages in South Africa. Phylogenomic analyses were performed on isolates sourced from across the transect. We show that BdGPL demonstrates a strong isolation by distance suggestive of stepping‐stone dispersal, while BdCAPE showed two distinct clusters within their genomic structure that appear geographically and temporally clustered, indicating two separate invasions. Our predictive niche model revealed that the two lineages tended to occur in different ecotypes; BdGPL was associated with lower altitude, arid regions while BdCAPE occurred across cooler, higher altitude environs. Niche predictions identified a zone of lineage contact, where genomics identified inter‐lineage recombinants. We argue that this zone of recombination should be prioritized for disease surveillance as it is a potential hotspot for the evolution of variants of amphibian chytrid with novel traits that may be epidemiologically relevant.
Patterns of lithic procurement strategies in the Pre‐Pyrenean Middle Magdalenian sequence of Cova del Parco (Alòs de Balaguer, Spain)
Authors: Jiménez Luis M. , Mangado Xavier , González Cynthia B. , Le Bourdonnec François‐Xavier , Gratuze Bernard , Fullola Josep M. , Sánchez de la Torre Marta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArchaeological studies carried out in recent decades have demonstrated that the Pre‐Pyrenees, a mountain range in north‐east Iberia, were regularly frequented by several human groups during the Late Pleistocene. The Cova del Parco archaeological site is an example of this large‐scale and regular human presence. The site was discovered and first excavated in the 1970s, and since the 1980s, a team from the University of Barcelona has been conducting archaeological work. So far, we have found that the site was at least frequented from the Middle Magdalenian upon historical times. In this paper, we present the results of the archaeopetrological, geochemical and geographic information system (GIS) analyses of chert tools ascribed to the Middle Magdalenian sequence. The textural, micropalaeontological and geochemical analysis of the lithic artefacts has allowed us to identify several chert types from local, regional and long‐distance sources. Some of these cherts had their origin in the northern slopes of the Pyrenean chain, suggesting that this mountain chain was regularly crossed by Magdalenian groups. Next, we performed GIS analyses to determine the paths and connections that may have linked the archaeological site with the different chert outcrops, and to identify the best routes for crossing the Pyrenean Mountain range. Moreover, this study provides a larger vision of the mobility and the complex economic interactions between the different Magdalenian groups that settled Cova del Parco at the end of the Late Pleistocene.
Improved Steatocrit Results Obtained by Acidification of Fecal Homogenates Are Due to Improved Fat Extraction
Authors: Tran M. , Forget P. , Van den Neucker A. , Van Kreel B. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryConflicting results have been reported on the value of the steatocrit as a screening test for steatorrhea. We recently modified the test procedure by fecal acidification with the hope of improving fat extraction and consequently the sensitivity of the test. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether or not fecal acidification led to improved fat extraction by comparing the fat content of both fatty and solid layers obtained by centrifugation of 12 acidified (acid steatocrit) and unacidified (classical steatocrit) steatorrheal stool samples. The fat content of fatty and solid layers was evaluated using the semiquantitative (+ = 1, + + = 2, + + + = 3) scoring system described by Drummey for the interpretation of the Sudan microscopic method for fecal fat. The fatty layers sum of scores for the 12 samples examined was 31 and 16 for the acid and classical steatocrit, respectively. The solid layers sum of scores for the 12 samples was 13 and 24 for the acid and classical steatocrit, respectively. Fat extraction from stool samples was significantly improved after fecal sample acidification (p < 0.005). Acid steatocrit results agreed better with chemically measured fecal fat than classical steatocrit results. We conclude that fecal acidification, by improving fat extraction, increases the reliability of the steatocrit method for the detection of steatorrhea.
Cysteine Supplementation Increases Glutathione, but not Polyamine, Concentrations of the Small Intestine and Colon of Parenterally Fed Newborn Rabbits
Authors: Pollack Paul F. , Rivera Audelio , Rassin David K. , Nishioka Kenji 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe glutathione precursor cysteine is not contained in most total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formulations, and premature infants may not be capable of synthesizing cysteine because of a deficiency of cystathionase. Glutathione depletion may have negative effects on host defense against oxidative damage. Several studies have suggested that glutathione depletion induces ornithine decarboxylase activity and increases in polyamine concentrations. Since an inverse relationship between polyamine and glutathione concentrations has been suggested, the concentrations of both of these compounds may be altered in premature infants receiving TPN. We measured glutathione and polyamine concentrations of the small intestine and colon of prematurely delivered newborn rabbits administered TPN for 7 days after birth with or without added cysteine (75 or 150 mg kg‐ 1 day‐ 1). Maternally reared kits were also studied. Total glutathione concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract were significantly lower in kits administered cysteine‐free TPN than in kits receiving cysteine or who were maternally reared. Polyamine concentrations did not differ among groups. Glutathione depletion of the small intestine and colon does occur during cysteine‐free parenteral nutrition and may compromise intestinal defense against oxidant damage.
Characteristics of Gallbladder Bile of Infants and Children
Authors: Halpern Z. , Vinograd Z. , Laufer H. , Gilat T. , Moskowitz M. , Bujanover Y. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn the past, biliary lipids of infants and children were studied in duodenal aspirates. This study was performed on original bile aspirated from the gallbladder. The analysis of lipids in bile demonstrated a significantly lower total lipid content in the bile of infants than in children (3.3 g/dl vs. 9.1 g/dl). The most prominent difference was demonstrated in the bile salt concentration (43.2 mM vs. 126.7 mM) and thereafter in the phospholipid content. Infants had a shorter nucleation time and a higher cholesterol saturation index than did children. These results may explain the increased tendency of infants to produce sludge and gallstones during total parenteral nutrition.
Surface Features of Small‐Intestinal Mucosa in Childhood Diarrheal Disorders
Authors: McClean P. , Dodge J. A. , Nunn S. , Carr K. E. , Sloan J. M. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe pathophysiology of diarrhea, especially in the otherwise healthy child, is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the surface of the jejunal mucosa of children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea (CNSD) (n = 9) and to compare the findings with specimens obtained from children with (n = 21) and without (n = 11) other gastrointestinal diseases. Light microscopy of the specimens from children with CNSD was normal. However, SEM showed the presence of bacterial colonization with predominantly coccoid organisms in 100% of cases. This colonization was associated with loss of glycocalyx and clumping of the microvilli. The children with celiac disease (n = 9) all showed characteristic appearances with light microscopy, but only one had bacterial colonization on SEM. The surface features of specimens from children with other gastrointestinal disorders (food intolerance, postenteritis syndrome, protracted diarrhea of infancy, and immune deficiency states) were very similar to those from the CNSD group. Bacteria were visible on 89% of specimens, and in half of these cases the organisms were bacilli. SEM of specimens from children with no gastrointestinal disease (ages 11‐107 months) suggested an increased density of villi/unit area with advancing age. Bacteria were present in only two cases and did not include bacilli. The findings suggest that bacterial colonization of the surface of the small intestine is common in children with several gastrointestinal diseases and may play a part in their pathogenesis. Routine SEM examination of jejunal biopsies provides information not available from standard light microscopy, which may be relevant to the treatment of children with chronic diarrhea.
HM‐PAO‐Labeled Leukocyte Scintigraphy in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Papós Miklós , Várkonyi Ágnes , Láng Jenõ , Buga Klára , Tímár Erzsébet , Polgár Mariann , Bódi Ildikó , Csernay László 
Published: February 2024

SummaryLeukocyte scintigraphy (LS) was performed in 20 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: 10 with ulcerative colitis, 2 with indeterminate colitis, and 8 with Crohn disease) in different stages of clinical activity. Leukocytes were separated from 15 to 60 ml venous blood and were labeled in vitro with [99mTc]HMPAO. The segmental extent (small intestine; ascending, transverse, and descending colon; and recto‐sigmoideum) of the process was determined by LS. The uptake of each bowel segment was scored in relation to the bone marrow uptake. The scintigraphic activity, calculated by summing the segment scores, was compared with laboratory parameters. The mean labeling efficacy was 76% (60‐86%). The segmental extent of the process determined by LS was compared with the results of barium enema or colonoscopy with regard to 32 bowel segments. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LS were 93, 88, and 91%, respectively. Two extraintestinal manifestations (abdominal abscess and joint involvement) were also detected by LS. These lesions were verified by computed tomography (CT) (abscess) and on the basis of the clinical outcome (arthritis). The scintigraphic activity correlated with the C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (r = 0.82, p < 0.001), the α2‐globulin level (r = 0.63, p < 0.02), the sedimentation rate (r = 0.51, p < 0.05), and the fS iron level (r = ‐0.66, p < 0.005). LS is applicable in pediatric patients. The method is an excellent technique for assessment of the extent of IBD in children. Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD can also be investigated by LS. The scintigraphic activity is a useful parameter for determination of the activity of IBD in children.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Shwachman's Syndrome
Authors: Lacaille Florence , Mani Tania Mamou , Brunelle Francis , Lallemand Denis , Schmitz Jacques 
Published: February 2024

SummaryShwachman's syndrome is a rare disease characterized by the association of chronic diarrhea due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, metaphyseal dysostosis, and neutropenia. The diagnosis requires demonstration of lipomatosis, or fatty replacement of the pancreas, which is the typical pathological feature of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 13 patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, 7 with Shwachman's syndrome, 2 with Pearson's syndrome, 1 with normal sweat test later diagnosed as cystic fibrosis, and 3 without identified syndrome, and in 7 control children. Ultrasonography in the patients did not differentiate between atrophy and lipomatosis and could not be performed in 3. MRI visulized the pancreas in all. The same image was noted in all patients with Shwachman's syndrome with a normal‐sized or enlarged pancreas, a hyperintense signal on T1‐ and T2‐weighted image, and a null signal on short time inversion recovery (STIR)‐weighted image, characteristic of fat. In all other patients, the findings were very different: The pancreas was a small structure surrounded with fat. In 1 patient without identified syndrome, the pancreas appeared to be partially replaced with fat. MRI is an excellent imaging technique to correlate the nature of a tissue and its radiological representation, especially fat, which gives a very typical signal. In our brief series of patients with Shwachman's syndrome, MRI had 100% positive predictive value in demonstrating lipomatosis. In atypical cases of pancreatic insufficiency in which some of the clinical features of Shwachman's syndrome are absent, MRI is an invaluable aid in the diagnostic procedure.
Nonoperative Treatment of Achalasia
Authors: Perisic Vojislav N. , Scepanovic Dusan , Radlovic Nedeljko 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTwelve children with achalasia were treated by the technique of balloon dilatation in the years 1984‐1991. Follow‐up from 2 to 8 years (mean 3.5 years) showed complete relief of obstruction in 10 patients, while two required esophagomyotomy. Balloon dilatation is effective in the treatment of achalasia.