bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Pool Neutrophils of the Bovine Mammary Gland: Ultrastructural Features During In Vitro Senescence
Authors: Sladek Z. , Rysanek D. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryThe aim of the study was to verify whether the in vitro senescence process of tissue pool neutrophils of the bovine mammary gland is accompanied by similar changes of ultrastructure as typically occurs in in vivo conditions. The experiments were carried out in four clinically healthy, Holstein × Bohemian Red‐Pied crossbred heifers aged 14–16 months. With the aid of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flow cytometry (FCM), neutrophil apoptosis in vivo was detected and during senescence it was monitored in vitro. The neutrophil apoptosis comprised three ultrastructurally different stages: (1) karyopyknosis, (2) zeiosis, and (3) apoptotic bodies. These stages were obvious in the apoptotic neutrophils both in vivo and in vitro. In addition to the common morphological signs, however, ultrastructural differences were also detected in apoptotic neutrophils in vitro. These in vitro ultrastructural differences mostly comprised hyper‐vacuolation of the cytoplasm with mega‐vacuoles and secondary necrosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Morphological features of apoptosis during in vitro senescence of tissue pool neutrophils of the bovine mammary gland were shown to be in close accordance with these in vivo signs.
Peritoneal Folds of the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Pérez W. , Möller R. , Martin E. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryThe anatomy of the rabbit is not well known and there is no consensus on the anatomical nomenclature for this species. The objective of this study was to give a complementary description of the peritoneal folds in order to improve the existing knowledge on this species. Eighteen adult rabbits were studied. Ten animals were dissected unfixed and the remaining eight after fixation in formalin. The hepatic ligaments were similar to those of the dog. The transverse mesocolon was absent. The entry to the caudal recess of the omental sac was relatively smaller than that in other domestic species. We consistently found an omental foramen. An amount of fat tissue was almost always found in the proximal mesorchium. The vaginal process was inconstant.
An Ultrastructural Study on the Leydig and Sertoli Cells in the Immature Lesser Mouse Deer (Tragulus javanicus)
Authors: Andriana B. B. , Kanai Y. , Kimura J. , Fukuta K. , Hayashi Y. , Kurohmaru M. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryLeydig and Sertoli cells of the immature lesser mouse deer testes, obtained in East Malaysia, were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The testes were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, post‐fixed in 1% OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol, and embedded in Araldite M. Serial semi‐thin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed using light microscopy. Serial ultra‐thin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using TEM. As a result, ultrastructurally, two types of underdeveloped filament bundles were infrequently recognized in Leydig cells, but not in other testicular cells. One type was the underdeveloped bundles of actin filaments (approximately 5 nm in diameter), which were found in the nucleus of Leydig cells. The other type was the underdeveloped bundles of intermediate filaments (approximately 10 nm in diameter), which were found in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. A multivesicular nuclear body (MNB) – specifically present in the Sertoli cell nucleus of ruminant testes – was infrequently observed. The MNB is situated in the vicinity of nuclear membrane, still in an underdeveloped stage.
Macro Anatomical Investigations of the Cranial Cervical Ganglion in Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)
Authors: Kabak M. , Orhan I. O. , Hazıroglu R. M. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryIn this study, the left and right cranial cervical ganglia (ganglion cervicale craniale) of eight young (four male, four female) domestic pigs weighing around 70–80 kg were inspected macro anatomically. The cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) was found cranio‐ventrally of the distal ganglion of the vagus nerve, medial of the jugular process extremity, ventral of the atlas, dorsal of the epiglottis base and medial of the common root (CR) established by the internal carotid and occipital arteries. The internal carotid nerve and jugular nerve ramified from the cranial part of CCG. The jugular nerve gave branches that merged with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Other nerve branches originating from the cranial part of the ganglion reached to the external carotid artery and CR. The internal carotid nerve varied among cadavers in number of branches (two to four). These branches did not travel along the side of the internal carotid artery. The central part of CCG gave thin nerve branches that reached to various anatomical structures including the first and second cervical nerves, wall of the pharynx, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, external carotid artery and CR. The caudal part of CCG gave nerve branches that merged with the vagus, cranial laryngeal nerves, and common carotid artery. The external carotid nerves, which were two or three in number, also originated from the caudal part of CCG. In conclusion, the nerves ramifying from CCG of the pig varied in number among cadavers. Compared with literature raised in other species, there are also differences in number of nerve branches and course pattern of these nerves.
Bourgeois Males of the Peacock Blenny, Salaria pavo, Discriminate Female Mimics from Females?
Authors: Gonçalves David , Matos Ricardo , Fagundes Teresa , Oliveira Rui 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a Portuguese population of Salaria pavo, two types of reproductively active males occur: large bourgeois males that defend nests and have fully developed secondary sex characters (SSC) and small sneaker males that mimic the females’ morphology and behaviour to approach nests and parasitize fertilizations. These two alternative reproductive tactics are sequential, as sneakers develop into bourgeois males. We investigated whether bourgeois males were able to discriminate between sneakers and females of different sizes. In a laboratory experiment bourgeois males were sequentially presented with a female and a sneaker matched for size. Complementary field observations were conducted on the interactions between females and sneakers with bourgeois males. If bourgeois males discriminated females from sneakers, we predicted that they should direct more aggressive behaviours towards sneakers and more courtship acts towards females. In general, bourgeois males courted and attacked small females and sneakers equally. However, large sneakers were courted less and attacked more than large females. Larger sneakers, beginning to develop SSC, were attacked more and courted less by the bourgeois male than smaller sneakers, and larger females were attacked less and courted more than smaller females. These results strongly suggest that only small female‐mimicking males were able to deceive bourgeois males. In S. pavo, if the sneakers’ fertilization success correlates with their female‐mimicking ability, a fitness decrease with an increasing body size can be predicted.
Do ‘Quiet’ Places Make Animals Placid? Island vs. Mainland Tiger Snakes
Authors: Bonnet X. , Aubret F. , Lourdais O. , Ladyman M. , Bradshaw D. , Maumelat S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMost animals that possess potent venom display a wide variety of warning messages to discourage predators. Tiger snakes are large and highly venomous elapids that exhibit these anti‐predator behaviours. We compared the anti‐predator behaviours of two neighbouring and genetically indistinguishable populations in Western Australia (Herdsman Lake, HL and Carnac Island, CI). CI is free from human, native and feral predation. All of these factors represent a continual threat on HL situated on the mainland. Neither body size, nor sex influenced defensive behaviours. However, we observed a marked inter‐population difference among adults in the degree to which anti‐predator behaviours were displayed when snakes were continually aggravated: HL snakes exhibited a typical warning signal (flat‐neck) and bite, while CI snakes remained very docile. In stark contrast, neonates of both populations exhibited marked anti‐predator behaviours and both populations were indistinguishable in terms of the intensity of display. Neonates reared in captivity, hence regularly confronted by human predators, became more defensive in comparison with neonates exposed to natural conditions on CI; similarly several adult CI snakes kept in captivity became more defensive. Our results highlight the extreme behavioural plasticity of snakes. We also hypothesize that CI snakes may become more placid over time as they grow up in an environment free from predation.
Females Mated without Sperm Transfer Maintain High Sexual Receptivity in the Wolf Spider Schizocosa malitiosa
Authors: Aisenberg Anita , Costa Fernando G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mating of the Neotropical lycosid Schizocosa malitiosa is long and complex, involving intense genital stimulation and copulatory courtship. This suggests functions other than just insemination. Previous data indicated that mated females of this species are less sexually receptive than virgins. We hypothesise that copulatory characteristics presented by males during prolonged copulations could be responsible for subsequent female sexual reluctance, and may be selected by cryptic female choice. Our objective was to examine the influence of copulatory behaviour on subsequent female sexual receptivity in S. malitiosa, isolating it from the effects of sperm transfer per se. For this purpose, we obtained males without sperm in their copulatory organs (palpal bulbs), and prevented them from charging their palps by sealing their genital pores immediately after their last moult (treated males). Virgin females were separated into three groups: (i) females exposed once to normal males, (ii) females exposed twice to normal males, and (iii) females exposed first to treated and second to normal males. The results showed that, 3 d after their first mating, females first mated with untreated males were frequently refractory to remating, whereas all those first mated with treated males were receptive. Copulations performed by treated males showed some differences from those performed by normal males, but maintained the basic behavioural pattern with abundant sexual stimulation. The presence of sperm fluids in the female receptacles appears to be the most likely factor generating female remating reluctance. Males may manipulate female responses using receptivity inhibiting substances in their sperm, like those described for insects. Females would first ensure sperm supply, becoming more choosy afterwards. All females, whether mated once or twice, generated similar numbers of progeny, indicating no relationship between number of matings and number of spiderlings.
Co‐Occurrence of Preference Functions and Acceptance Thresholds in Female Choice: Mate Discrimination in the Lesser Wax Moth
Authors: Brandt LaRoy S.E. , Ludwar Bjorn Ch. , Greenfield Michael D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBasic economic models adapted from foraging theory predict that decisions in mate choice may be determined either by ‘best‐of‐n’ preference functions or by sequential rules incorporating acceptance thresholds. However, in some species, more complex determinations that incorporate versions of both protocols are found. To understand the functions of co‐occurring protocols, we studied mating decisions in the lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an acoustic species in which females prefer males, the advertisement songs of which are delivered at relatively high ‘pulse‐pair’ rates. In addition to this preference, A. grisella females avoid mating with a male, the song of which does not exceed a minimum pulse‐pair rate, and they hold to this criterion even when no other singing males are present and regardless of song amplitude. Thus, mating decisions are not simply based on acoustic power (pulse‐pair rate × amplitude). We recorded male songs and female responses in an A. grisella population and found that male pulse‐pair rates showed a median of 87/s and ranged from 50 to 115/s, while female acceptance thresholds for male song showed a median of 60/s and ranged from 30 to 105/s. The distributions of thresholds were approximately normal and were not significantly skewed toward the right. Male song rates declined slightly with age, but female thresholds remained stable over the adult lifespan. Both the male and female traits showed significant repeatability within individuals. Whereas phylogenetic inference indicates that hearing in pyralid moths originated as a means of avoiding predation by insectivorous bats, the specific distribution of female acceptance thresholds suggests that currently this protocol does not primarily function to preclude inappropriate, and potentially lethal, responses to bat echolocations: pulse rates in the searching‐phase echolocations used by either aerial‐hawking or substrate‐gleaning bats mostly range from 10 to 20/s, and the lack of positive skew in the distribution of thresholds indicates an absence of directional selection from the left. Rather, we infer that thresholds augment preference functions in A. grisella by precluding mating with males which are markedly inferior in a critical song character. In general, co‐occurring protocols may be important where population density fluctuates markedly, as preference functions may be ineffective in preventing mating with inferior males when density is low.
Information on Resource Quality Mediates Aggression between Male Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches,Gromphadorhina portentosa(Dictyoptera: Blaberidae)
Authors: Guerra Patrick A. , Mason Andrew C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMale Madagascar hissing cockroaches,Gromphadorhina portentosaSchaum (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae) have a well‐defined dominance hierarchy that has been assumed to explain the outcome of most competitive interactions. We studied whether males of this species would alter their level of aggression towards unfamiliar rivals as a function of changing resource availability and value – two factors that are key to aggression levels in non‐hierarchical species. We quantified male aggression as three variables (aggressive state – behaviours measured by their duration; aggressive act – behaviours measured by their frequency of occurrence; aggressive latency – the latency to first aggressive behaviour, either state or act) and tested for any context‐specific variation within each by manipulating both territorial status (males were either residents or intruders) and access to mates (female present or absent). Both the presence of a female and territorial status affected male aggression towards rivals as measured by duration of aggressive state. Highest levels of aggression were displayed by residents when a female was present. These results show that inter‐male aggression inG. portentosais tuned to the immediate expected payoff from fighting, and not exclusively aimed at establishing dominance relationships (which can affect future payoffs).
The Influence of Long‐chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Total Lipid Fatty Acid Composition of a Canine Mastocytoma Cell Line
Authors: Seidel A. , Gueck T. , Fuhrmann H. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryCutaneous mast cells are considered as key immune effectors in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). These cells release immediate‐phase and late‐phase mediators of inflammation. Dietary fatty acids are incorporated in cellular membranes and seem to influence mediator production and release. A dietary intervention with n6‐ and n3‐fatty acids is thought to alleviate clinical symptoms in atopic dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of n6‐ and n3‐fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of canine mastocytoma cells (C2) as a possible model for CAD. The C2 was cultured in a basic medium called Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DEH) or with additional 14 μmlinoleate (C18:2n6, DEH–LA),γ‐linolenate (C18:3n6, DEH–GLA), arachidonate (C20:4n6, DEH–AA),α‐linolenate (C18:3n3, DEH–LnA), eicosapentaenoate (C20:5n3, DEH–EPA) or docosahexaenoate (C22:6n3, DEH–DHA). Cell growth was examined for 11 days in all media. Cell growth increased from days 1 to 8 and decreased thereafter in all media conditions. The fatty acids supplied did not influence cell growth. The cells were harvested after 8 days for fatty acid analysis. The fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography after extraction and trans‐esterification of the lipids. The added fatty acids increased the concentration of these fatty acids in C2 differently (LA 4.9‐fold, GLA 6.9‐fold, AA 6‐fold, LNA 9.3‐fold, EPA 6.5‐fold and DHA 8.4‐fold). Furthermore, elongated and Δ6‐desaturated products of the corresponding fatty acids were significantly elevated. However, Δ5‐desaturated products were not measurable. These results let us assume that C2 has no measurable activity of the Δ5‐desaturase. In case the low activity of Δ5‐desaturase is one of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CAD, C2 seems to be an adequate model for investigations in CAD.
Effect of Orally Administered Omeprazole on Abomasal Luminal pH in Dairy Calves Fed Milk Replacer*
Authors: Ahmed A. F. , Constable P. D. , Misk N. A. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine whether oral administration of omeprazole, a proton‐pump inhibitor, increased abomasal luminal pH in calves fed milk replacer. Four male dairy calves with cannulae in the abomasal body suckled milk replacer (60 ml/kg body weight every 12 h) and were administered a non‐enteric‐coated omeprazole (4 mg/kg body weight every 24 h) in a paste formulation for five successive days. Abomasal luminal pH was continuously measured using miniature glass pH electrodes. On the first day of omeprazole administration, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean 24‐h pH from 2.89 to 4.17. The mean 24‐h pH on days 2, 3, 4 and 5 of omeprazole administration were 3.85, 4.02, 3.97 and 3.39 respectively. We conclude that oral administration of non‐enteric‐coated omeprazole increased abomasal luminal pH in calves fed milk replacer, but that the effect may decrease over time.
Dose‐dependent Effects of Resistant Potato Starch in the Diet on Intestinal Skatole Formation and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in the Pig
Authors: Lösel D. , Claus R. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryResistant starch (RS) intake leads to a reduction of apoptosis in the pig colon and thus to a reduction of skatole in the carcass. To determine the minimal amount of RS which is required for the effect, diets with varying amounts (20, 30 and 40%) of RS were fed to barrows and gilts. Controls were fed instead with 55% pre‐gelatinized starch. Skatole was determined after slaughter in distal colon content and in adipose tissue (flare fat and belly fat). Resistant starch led to a dose‐dependent reduction of skatole in the gut content from 134 μg/g dry matter (controls) to 4.8 μg/g in the 40% group. Flare fat concentrations were decreased from 159 to 20 ng/g fat and belly fat concentrations from 64 to 16 ng/g fat. Strategies to improve sensorial quality by feeding RS continuously or for only 1 week prior to slaughter are discussed.
Alpha‐1‐acid Glycoprotein Inhibits Phorbol Ester‐induced but not Fc‐Receptor‐induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Bovine Peripheral Blood Neutrophils
Authors: Stakauskas R. , Leibold W. , Pieskus J. , Mironova L. , Schuberth H.‐J. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryAlpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute‐phase protein with anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. AGP is described as a potent inhibitor of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human neutrophils. However, published reports about the mechanism of inhibition are conflicting. The influence of bovine AGP on the production of ROS by bovine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was studied using a highly sensitive method approaching its inhibitory mechanism. ROS production in PMN was induced with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or opsonized Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. ROS generation was quantified and evaluated by flow cytometry. AGP efficiently suppressed PMA, but did not opsonize bacteria‐induced ROS generation in vitro. The suppressive effect was concentration‐dependent and adversely proportional to PMA concentration. The selective inhibitory potential of AGP in comparison with ovalbumin (OVA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed that ROS inhibition was not a mere protein effect. ROS production was suppressed only if AGP and PMA were simultaneously present with PMN. Pre‐incubation of PMN with AGP did not alter the PMN response to PMA. Moreover, AGP could not suppress ROS production after pre‐stimulation of PMN with PMA. Human and bovine AGP did not differ in their inhibitory potential to the PMA‐induced ROS production in bovine, human and equine PMN. The results show that AGP does not modulate bovine neutrophil functions directly, but acts as a scavenger of PMA.
Is Metoclopramide an Alternative to Tramadol in Management of Post‐operative Pain? An Experimental Study*
Authors: Ceyhan A. , Ustun H. , Altunatmaz K. , Ide T. , Unal N. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryIn this study, metoclopramide was compared with other pharmacological agents for preventing post‐operative pain. Sixty Sprague–Dawley male rats, weighing 310–345 g were included in the study; 1 cm surgical incision, including skin, facia, and muscle was made to the plantar surface of rear foot of all anaesthetized rats. Rats were randomized into four groups. In group 1 (group S) 2 cm3 saline, in group 2 (group M) 2 cm3 metoclopramide (5 mg/kg) in group 3 (group T) 2 cm3 tramadol (45 mg/kg), in group 4 (group M + T) half doses of group M and group T was given intraperitoneally. Post‐operative pain was assessed after 2 h, first and second days of incision. Post‐operative pain scores were found to be significantly lower in group M, group T and group M + T when compared with the control group. But there was no significant difference between these groups. We concluded that metoclopramide, with low cost, fewer side‐effects and being significantly effective for preventing post‐operative pain, can be an alternative to tramadol.
Giant Cell Tumour of Bone in a Cat with Extraskeletal Metastases: Pathological and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Ferreras M. C. , Fuertes M. , Pérez V. , Benavides J. , García‐Pariente C. , Reyes L. E. , García‐Marín J. F. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryA case of giant cell tumour of bone (GCTb) in the lung and in a subcutaneous mass located in the right flank, with a probable primary origin in the mid‐diaphysis of the right tibia, was described in a 8‐year‐old female cat. Numerous multinucleated giant cells were homogeneously distributed among a population of ovoid or spindle‐shaped mononuclear cells. All of them were positive for vimentin suggesting a mesenchymal origin. Spindle‐shaped tumour cells resemble fibroblastic cells, showing collagen fibres in their vicinity. Ovoid mononuclear cells are similar to macrophages, with a cytoplasm rich in electron‐dense lysosomes. Multinucleated giant cells appear morphologically similar to osteoclasts. These findings are supported for the positive reaction to tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and lysozyme, encountered only in ovoid and multinucleated giant cells. No immunoreactivity against human oestrogen receptors was observed in the nuclei of any neoplastic cells.