bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐dose‐rate brachytherapy as part of a multidisciplinary treatment of nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma in childhood
Authors: Nakamura Ricardo Akiyoshi , Novaes Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro dos Santos , Antoneli Célia Beatriz Gianotti , Fogaroli Ricardo César , Pellizzon Antonio Cássio Assis , Ferrigno Robson , Maia Maria Aparecida Conte , Salvajoli João Victor , Pereira Adelino José , Nishimoto Inês Nobuko 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDNasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood is rare. Radiochemotherapy is considered the standard treatment and yields increased survival and local control rates. In this article, the authors report on the results from the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric patients who had nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma with radiochemotherapy, including high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy of the primary tumor site.METHODSBetween May 1992 and May 2000, 16 children with nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, conventional external beam radiotherapy, high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients ranged in age from 7 years to 18 years, and 9 patients were male. Patient distribution according to clinical disease stage was as follows: Stage III, 1 patient; Stage IVA, 5 patients; Stage IVB, 9 patients; and Stage IVC, 1 patient. Three cycles of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in 3‐week intervals were administered with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. The median doses of external beam radiotherapy to the primary tumor, positive lymph nodes, and subclinical areas of disease were 55 grays (Gy), 55 Gy, and 45 Gy, respectively. Children received 2 insertions of high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy at 5 Gy per insertion: These were performed with metallic applicators inserted through the transnasal access under local anesthesia.RESULTSThe median of follow‐up was 54 months. At the time of last follow‐up, 13 patients were alive without disease, 2 patients had died of disease, and 1 patient had died of treatment‐related cardiac failure. Local control was achieved in 15 of 16 patients. Chemotherapy‐related and radiotherapy‐related acute toxicity was relevant but tolerable.CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, it was shown that the treatment was effective in the control of both local and distant disease, although there was relevant acute and late toxicity. High‐dose‐rate brachytherapy was deliverable on an outpatient basis with local anesthesia. Close follow‐up of these patients was necessary to evaluate the significance of treatment‐related late effects and their impact on quality of life. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Phase II study of tariquidar, a selective P‐glycoprotein inhibitor, in patients with chemotherapy‐resistant, advanced breast carcinoma
Authors: Pusztai Lajos , Wagner Peter , Ibrahim Nuhad , Rivera Edgardo , Theriault Richard , Booser Daniel , Symmans Fraser W. , Wong Franklin , Blumenschein George , Fleming Donald R. , Rouzier Roman , Boniface Graeme , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe primary objective of this study was to determine whether addition of the selective P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitor tariquidar (XR9576) to chemotherapy could induce an objective tumor response in patients who previously were resistant to the same agents. The secondary objectives were to evaluate P‐gp expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), to determine functional activity of the P‐gp transporter before and after administration of tariquidar with serial technetium‐99m (99mTc)‐sestamibi scans, and to correlate those parameters with clinical response.METHODSSeventeen women with Stage III–IV breast carcinoma were included in the study who progressed (n = 13 women) or had stable disease (n = 4 women) on doxorubicin‐containing or taxane‐containing chemotherapy regimens. During the study, the same chemotherapy was continued without dose modifications, but tariquidar (150 mg intravenously) was added to the treatment regimen.RESULTSThirty‐six percent of patients had P‐gp‐positive tumors by IHC, and 5 patients (29%) experienced increases ≥ 10% in sestamibi uptake (median increase, 40%; range, 10–63%) after the administration of tariquidar. There was one partial response in a patient who had the greatest increase in sestamibi uptake and who also showed inducible P‐gp expression. There was one patient who experienced severe doxorubicin/docetaxel‐related toxicity after tariquidar was added to her chemotherapy regimen.CONCLUSIONSTariquidar showed limited clinical activity to restore sensitivity to anthracycline or taxane chemotherapy. Functional imaging of the tumor with 99mTc‐sestamibi scans before and after administration of multidrug‐resistance inhibitor may be useful to identify the small subset of patients who could benefit from multidrug‐resistance modulation in future trials. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Differential distribution of release‐related proteins in the hippocampal CA3 area as revealed by freeze‐fracture replica labeling
Authors: Hagiwara Akari , Fukazawa Yugo , Deguchi‐Tawarada Maki , Ohtsuka Toshihisa , Shigemoto Ryuichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSynaptic vesicle release occurs at a specialized membrane domain known as the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Several membrane proteins are involved in the vesicle release processes such as docking, priming, and exocytotic fusion. Cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) proteins are structural components of the AZ and are highly concentrated in it. Localization of other release‐related proteins including target soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive‐factor attachment protein receptor (t‐SNARE) proteins, however, has not been well demonstrated in the AZ. Here, we used sodium dodecyl sulfate‐digested freeze‐fracture replica labeling (SDS‐FRL) to analyze quantitatively the distribution of CAZ and t‐SNARE proteins in the hippocampal CA3 area. The AZ in replicated membrane was identified by immunolabeling for CAZ proteins (CAZ‐associated structural protein [CAST] and Bassoon). Clusters of immunogold particles for these proteins were found on the P‐face of presynaptic terminals of the mossy fiber and associational/commissural (A/C) fiber. Co‐labeling with CAST revealed distribution of the t‐SNARE proteins syntaxin and synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP‐25) in the AZ as well as in the extrasynaptic membrane surrounding the AZ (SZ). Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the density of immunoparticles for CAST in the AZ was more than 100 times higher than in the SZ, whereas that for syntaxin and SNAP‐25 was not significantly different between the AZ and SZ in both the A/C and mossy fiber terminals. These results support the involvement of the t‐SNARE proteins in exocytotic fusion in the AZ and the role of CAST in specialization of the membrane domain for the AZ. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:195–216, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex colony‐level organization of the deep‐sea siphonophore Bargmannia elongata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) is directionally asymmetric and arises by the subdivision of pro‐buds
Authors: Dunn Casey W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSiphonophores are free‐swimming colonial hydrozoans (Cnidaria) composed of asexually produced multicellular zooids. These zooids, which are homologous to solitary animals, are functionally specialized and arranged in complex species‐specific patterns. The coloniality of siphonophores provides an opportunity to study the major transitions in evolution that give rise to new levels of biological organization, but siphonophores are poorly known because they are fragile and live in the open ocean. The organization and development of the deep‐sea siphonophore Bargmannia elongata is described here using specimens collected with a remotely operated underwater vehicle. Each bud gives rise to a precise, directionally asymmetric sequence of zooids through a stereotypical series of subdivisions, rather than to a single zooid as in most other hydrozoans. This initial description of development in a deep‐sea siphonophore provides an example of how precise colony‐level organization can arise, and illustrates that the morphological complexity of cnidarians is greater than is often assumed. Developmental Dynamics 234:835–845, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of New 3H‐Pyrazoles and Cyclopropenyl Alcohols Directly from Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Hamdi Naceur , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Khemiss Abdelkader 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 2‐diazopropane (1) to propargylic alcohols is regioselective and leads to 3H‐pyrazoles 3 in good yield. The surprising formation of the tetrasubstituted 3H‐pyrazole 4c from HC≡CCH2OH and 1 can be explained by formation of an initial 1,3‐dipolar cycloadduct intermediate followed by a second cycloaddition of 1 to the C=C bond and loss of dinitrogen. Photolysis of the antibacterial 3H‐pyrazoles 3 and 4 selectively gives α‐ and β‐dimethylcyclopropenyl alcohols 5 and 6, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Computational Study of Chronoamperometry at Rectangular Microelectrodes
Authors: Strutwolf J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThree (space) dimensional diffusion to a rectangular microelectrode of length l and width w, embedded in an infinite coplanar insulator is simulated with boundary conditions for a chronoamperometric experiment. An alternating direction implicit finite difference method (Douglas‐Gunn algorithm) utilizing a problem adapted grid is used to solve the diffusion equation. Current transients are computed for different values of the dimensionless length parameter L=l/w, starting with L=1, i.e., a square electrode. Edge effects at the four sides of the rectangular electrode as well as the vertex effect contribute to the total current. With increasing L the transients approach the behavior of a microband electrode transient, where diffusion is essentially two dimensional. The breakdown of the two dimensional diffusion approach with decreasing values of L is analyzed and quantified. This serves as a guideline for analyzing transients measured with electrodes where the condition l » w is not fulfilled.
Electrochemical Study of Catechol in the Presence of Dibuthylamine and Diethylamine in Aqueous Media: Part 1. Electrochemical Investigation
Authors: Kiani Abolfazl , Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Nematollahi Davood , Ojani Reza 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of catechol has been studied in the presence of secondary amines as nucleophiles in aqueous solution with various pH values using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry of catechol in pure buffered solution (2.00$\rm{\le}$pH<9.00) shows one anodic and corresponding cathodic peak which relates to the transformation of catechol to corresponding o‐benzoquinone and vice versa within a quasi‐reversible two electron transfer process. Also, a little amount of o‐benzoquinone undergoes polymerization reaction. Cyclic voltammogram of catechol in the presence of nucleophilic amines, show one anodic peak in the first scan of potential but on the reverse scan the corresponding cathodic peak disappear and new peak is observed at less positive potential. In the second scan of potential also a new anodic peak is observed. On the other hand at high concentration of amines the redox peak attributable to formed polymer disappear showing that in this condition the polymerization reaction occurs at non‐measurable extent. On the basis of these observations we propose an ECE mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation of catechol in the presence of secondary amines.
Protein phosphatase activity of PTEN inhibited the invasion of glioma cells with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation type III expression
Authors: Cai Xiu‐Mei , Tao Bei‐Bei , Wang Li‐Ying , Liang Yu‐Long , Jin Jia‐Wei , Yang Yong , Hu Ya‐Li , Zha Xi‐Liang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPTEN is a major tumor suppressor gene that has been shown to inhibit cell invasion. Its mutation has been found in 20–40% of malignant gliomas. Meanwhile, the type III EGFR mutation (EGFRvIII), which was frequently found in gliomas, promoted cell invasion. In the present study, the effects of PTEN on cell invasion were investigated in U87ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells with EGFRvIII expression but missing PTEN. The cell invasion was downregulated by transfection of phosphatase‐active forms of PTEN (wild‐type and G129E) but not by PTEN (C124A) with an inactive phosphatase domain; the effects were correlated with decreased tyrosine phosphatase levels of FAK at Tyr397, which was increased by EGFRvIII. Overexpression of FAK mutant (Y397F) could partially mimic the effect of PTEN on cell invasion. Although EGFRvIII increased the levels of P‐Akt and PTEN eliminated it, PI‐3K inhibitors, wortmannin or Ly294002, could not decrease the cell invasion. In conclusion, PTEN could inhibit cell invasion even in the presence of the constitutively active EGFR; this inhibition depended on its protein phosphatase activity, partially by dephosphorylating FAK, but not depended on its lipid phosphatase activity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survivin expression by metastatic melanoma predicts poor disease outcome in patients receiving adjuvant polyvalent vaccine
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroya , Morton Donald L. , Elashoff David , Hoon Dave S.B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSurvivin and livin are members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. We hypothesized that elevated expression levels of these 2 IAP genes in resected advanced‐stage metastatic melanoma lesions would be associated with poor disease outcome in patients receiving a polyvalent therapeutic cancer vaccine (Canvaxin™). A quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT) assay for survivin and livin genes was used to assess mRNA expression in 63 metastatic melanomas obtained during cytoreductive surgery of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV melanoma. Nineteen of 63 metastatic melanoma patients received Canvaxin pre‐ and postoperatively, and 37 patients received only postoperative Canvaxin. Expression of survivin and livin protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and then correlated with mRNA. Survivin mRNA was detected in 62 of 63 (98%) melanoma specimens ranging from 0–5.96 × 104 mRNA copies of total RNA. Lower mRNA copy levels of survivin significantly correlated with improved overall survival among the 37 patients who received Canvaxin postoperatively but not preoperatively (log‐rank test, p = 0.023). Among patients with low survivin mRNA copies, those who received postoperative Canvaxin did significantly better than patients who received pre‐ and postoperative Canvaxin (p = 0.003). Livin mRNA was detectable in 60 of 63 (95%) metastatic melanoma specimens but had no significant prognostic utility. These studies demonstrate that lower levels of survivin in recurrent metastatic melanomas are associated with significantly improved survival in patients receiving postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy. Overall, the study indicates survivin expression in metastatic melanomas can significantly influence disease outcome and patient responses to immunotherapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of DGS structures by using the iterative method
Authors: Yeddes M. , Kaddour M. , Gharsallah A. , Gharbi A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn iterative method based on the wave concept is used to analyse a defect ground structure (DGS). In this case two applications are given. Firstly, we studied a λ/4 bias transmission line maintaining high impedance that is added dumbbell‐shaped DGS on ground plane of the conventional λ/4 bias transmission line. Secondly, a newly etched DGS with a spiral shape in metallic ground is studied. The spiral DGS can provide steep rejection characteristics with one and two spirals. Numerical results are compared with published data, a good agreement is observed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging on some quality characteristics of sliced ‘sucuk’ produced using probiotics culture
Authors: Kaya Mükerrem , Aksu Muhammet İrfan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis), packaging (vacuum, 50% N2 + 50% CO2 or 100% CO2), storage temperature (4 and 10 °C) and storage time (90 d) on lipid oxidation, colour and microbial properties of sliced dry fermented sausage ‘sucuk’, which has a long storage time at low temperatures, was investigated. Probiotic‐added samples showed a significant reduction in the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) values compared with a control and starter culture groups. The analysis showed that control groups had the highest pH and that the pH was not affected by packaging or storage temperature. Probiotic use had a significant effect on total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Micrococcus/Staphylococcus counts, and bacterial counts decreased with storage time. The Enterobacteriaceae count was below detectable levels (<2.00 CFU g−1) throughout the storage period. The storage temperatures had no effect on the microbial counts. Packaging had a significant effect on lactic acid bacteria, and the highest value was determined with 50% N2 + 50% CO2. The addition of probiotics and the storage time resulted in a significant decrease of colour values (L*, a* and b*). Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Antibacterial action on pathogenic bacterial spore by green tea catechins
Authors: Hara‐Kudo Yukiko , Yamasaki Akiko , Sasaki Miho , Okubo Tsutomu , Minai Yuji , Haga Minoru , Kondo Kazuo , Sugita‐Konishi Yoshiko 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAntibacterial effects of catechins, the major green tea polyphenols, were studied using Clostridium and Bacillus spores. Incubation with crude catechins decreased the number of C botulinum and C butyricum spores but not B cereus spores. Furthermore, the effects of six catechin derivatives on spores were investigated. (−)‐Epicatechin gallate (ECg), (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and (+)‐gallocatechin gallate (GCg) were more effective in decreasing C botulinum and C butyricum spore numbers than (+)‐catechin (C) and (−)‐epicatechin (EC). The vegetative growth of C botulinum and B cereus was inhibited by crude extracts of the catechins. Specifically, purified GCg and EGCg inhibited the vegetative growth of C botulinum and B cereus. The inhibitory effect of ECg on B cereus was similar to that of GCg. However, toxin‐production by B cereus was not inhibited by catechin. Damage to the membrane of C butyricum spores by catechin derivatives was shown using fluorescent microscopy. This study shows that low concentrations of catechins, although requiring a long exposure time, inhibited the growth of bacterial spores. However, the effects of the purified derivatives of the catechins were not the same and GCg and EGCg were found to be the most potent. Spores that are generally resistant to many disinfectants were sensitive to catechins. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Alterations of striatal neurons in benign hereditary chorea
Authors: Kleiner‐Fisman Galit , Calingasan Noel Y. , Putt Mary , Chen June , Beal M.Flint , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBenign hereditary chorea (BHC) recently has been associated with mutations in TITF‐1 gene, although a pathological study of an individual with BHC and a TITF‐1 mutation revealed no significant gross or microscopic abnormalities using standard methods. Immunohistochemical staining of striatal tissue from a BHC‐affected postmortem brain was performed using antibodies against neurotransmitters of interneurons whose tangential migration is mediated by TITF‐1. There was a loss of most TITF‐1–mediated striatal interneurons in the BHC specimen compared to four matched control brains. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A proteome approach defines protective functions of tobacco leaf trichomes
Authors: Amme Steffen , Rutten Twan , Melzer Michael , Sonsmann Guido , Vissers Johannes P. C. , Schlesier Bernhard , Mock Hans‐Peter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe leaf surface of most terrestrial plants is covered with plant hairs called trichomes. These epidermal appendages are thought to contribute to many aspects of plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses in a variety of species. Trichome development has been intensively studied in Arabidopsis, and the phytochemical composition of trichomes was analyzed in a number of plant species. However, comparatively little is known of the proteins expressed. We therefore initiated a proteome approach to better define the cellular mechanisms operating in plant trichomes using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis to separate proteins of whole leaves and isolated trichomes. Tobacco was chosen due to the presence of glandular trichomes involved in the secretion of defense compounds. Comparative image analysis of the protein patterns indicated a number of spots, which were highly enriched in trichomes relative to leaves. These spots were excised for identification by mass spectrometry. The results showed that among the proteins specifically enriched in trichomes, the components of stress defense responses were strongly represented. The high expression of stress‐related proteins was verified by Western blotting. Superoxide dismutase isoforms were additionally analyzed by activity staining. Our results demonstrate feasibility of the proteome approach to elucidate the cell biology of plant trichomes.
Examining and presenting trends of internal migration flows within England and Wales
Authors: Kalogirou Stamatis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper examines trends in internal migration flows within England and Wales. Spatial trends are presented using tables and thematic maps. Temporal trends are presented more efficiently using a contemporary visualisation method, the heat map. Sample data from the National Health Service Central Registrar (NHSCR) are presented and discussed as a case study. The analysis includes in‐, out‐ and net migration, as well as migration flows, for the Newcastle district. It also considers the Family Health Service Authorities (FHSAs) that are net migration losers and gainers. In addition to the methodological contribution of this work, conclusions are drawn on temporal trends, the degree of dispersal in migration linkages, and the continuation of the counterurbanisation phenomenon in the 1990s. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New thinking in international trade? A case study of The Day Chocolate Company
Authors: Doherty Bob , Tranchell Sophi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper explores the experience of The Day Chocolate Company (Day) in connecting small‐scale cocoa farmers more directly into global markets by making the farmers significant shareholders, and therefore equity owners, within this fair trade company. It examines how Day combines both social and business goals, thus providing an alternative model to conventional international trade. The paper investigates the positive impacts that this unique fair trade model has achieved on Kuapa Kokoo (Kuapa) members in Ghana from the Fairtrade relationship coupled with the equity stake and explores how Day has achieved its business goals in what is a highly competitive UK chocolate market. Further, it explores the challenges the company has faced and the lessons learnt over the past six years. Overall, the paper concludes that Day could not have been successful in meeting its objectives without cocoa farmer ownership being at the centre of the brand. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.