bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enterprise system lifecycle: through a knowledge management lens
Authors: Gable Guy G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper argues the importance of a lifecycle‐wide knowledge sourcing strategy in support of the Enterprise System (ES) investment.It emphasizes the need for research into more effective and cooperative ES knowledge management across the three key players — the ES vendor, the ES implementation partner or consultant, and the ES‐using client organization.Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are ERP systems a source of competitive advantage?
Authors: Seddon Peter B. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Packaged enterprise application software vendors claim that ERP systems are a source of competitive advantage. On the other hand, Nicholas Carr says that IT has become a commodity, and therefore that investments in IT, including ERP, are unlikely to be sources of competitive advantage. This paper asks who is right.

Evidence from three surveys and a single case study suggests that ERP systems provide benefits such as improved information visibility, personnel and inventory reduction, productivity improvement and new improved processes. However, since ERP software has been available for many years, and benefits such as those listed have been realized by many firms, it is argued that ERP software is an unlikely source of competitive advantage either through opportunities for strategic positioning or through gains in operational effectiveness.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of direct thermal desorption gas chromatography and comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry for analysis of organic compounds in ambient aerosol particles
Authors: Schnelle‐Kreis Jürgen , Welthagen Werner , Sklorz Martin , Zimmermann Ralf 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSemivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) associated with ambient particles smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were determined in the city of Augsburg, Germany. Daily samples were collected at a central monitoring station from late summer 2002 to spring 2005. SVOC were analysed by direct thermal desorption (DTD)‐GC and comprehensive 2‐D GC coupled to TOF MS (DTD‐GC‐TOF MS and DTD‐GC×GC‐TOF MS). Two hundred compounds were quantified and ‘semi‐quantified’ on a daily basis by DTD‐GC‐TOF MS. n‐Alkanes, n‐alkan‐2‐ones, n‐alkanoic acid methyl esters, acetic acid esters, n‐alkanoic acid amides, nitriles, linear alkylbenzenes and 2‐alkyl‐toluenes, hopanes, PAH, alkylated PAH and oxidised PAH, and several compounds that are not grouped in homologous rows or compound classes were determined. Changes in concentration and pattern of several target compounds as well as methodological advantages and restrictions of DTD‐GC‐TOF MS are briefly discussed. DTD‐GC‐TOF MS analysis provided data particularly suited for source receptor modelling and epidemiological time series studies on the health effects of ambient PM. GC×GC enhances chromatographic resolution of PM samples and therefore amplifies the peak identification capabilities of the TOF MS.
Some advantages of high temperature for the separation of pharmaceutical compounds with mass spectrometry detection
Authors: Albert Monique , Cretier Gérard , Guillarme Davy , Heinisch Sabine , Rocca Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe beneficial effects of high temperature on separation and detection of basic compounds, the detection being performed by MS via ESI, are investigated. The influence of various parameters on both separation and detection performances is studied. These parameters include the mobile phase pH, the temperature, and the type of stationary phase. Experiments are performed under gradient elution conditions. The results obtained with four different supports, silica‐, zirconia‐, carbon‐, and polymer‐based columns, are compared by means of different criteria including the elution composition, the peak asymmetry, and the S/N. High temperature liquid chromatography at high pH with volatile buffers suitable for MS detection was shown to be an interesting choice for solutes with basic sites.
Supramolecular systems‐based extraction‐separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry
Authors: Merino Francisco , Rubio Soledad , Pérez‐Bendito Dolores 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe combination of supramolecular chemistry and MS has not only been fruitful in the field of gas‐phase fundamental studies of host–guest complexes and supramolecular assemblies. Mass spectrometric analysis has also benefited from the ability of supramolecular systems to behave as pseudophases in which solutes partition from the bulk solvent phase. Supramolecular systems‐based extraction and concentration schemes and separation techniques have been widely used in different fields of analytical chemistry and are ideally suited for coupling with MS. This review describes the present status of the application of supramolecular chemistry in mass spectrometric analysis and includes topics such as the use of coacervative liquid–liquid extraction and hemimicelle/admicelle‐based SPE of organic compounds prior to chromatography and electrophoresis. It also discusses the recent advances in enantioselective analysis using CD in electrophoresis‐ and chromatography‐MS. The potential and analytical challenges of these approaches in environmental and bioanalytical chemistry, where one can expect significant developments in the future, are outlined.
Hydride‐based silica stationary phases for HPLC: Fundamental properties and applications
Authors: Pesek Joseph J. , Matyska Maria T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSilica hydride is a recent development in chromatographic support materials for HPLC where hydride groups replace 95% of the silanols on the surface. This conversion changes many of the fundamental properties of the material as well as the bonded stationary phases that are the result of further chemical modification of the hydride surface. The general approach for fabricating the silica hydride and subsequent bonded phases is reviewed. Properties of the silica hydride surface are compared to those of the standard material obtained in the preparation of most commercial HPLC stationary phases. Some unique chromatographic properties of hydride‐based phases are described as well as some general application areas where these bonded materials may be used in preference to or have advantages not available from typical stationary phases.
Electric field gradient focusing
Authors: Kelly Ryan T. , Woolley Adam T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractElectric field gradient focusing (EFGF) is a relatively new separation technique with promising attributes, particularly for protein analysis. The fundamental fractionation mechanism in EFGF involves a gradient in electric field along the length of a separation column. The electrophoretic force that drives charged analytes in a region of changing electric field is opposed by a constant, pressure‐driven bulk fluid flow. When the electrophoretic velocity of a particular moiety is equal and opposite to the velocity of the fluid flow, the analyte focuses into a stationary band. Thus, EFGF can both concentrate and separate charged species according to electrophoretic mobility. To date, the electric field gradients needed for EFGF have been established using a number of different approaches, including channels having changing cross‐sectional areas, conductivity gradients caused by the diffusion of buffer ions across a membrane, electrode arrays, and temperature gradients in buffers whose conductivities change as a function of temperature. EFGF has proven particularly effective for sample enrichment, with concentration factors of 10 000 reported. In this article we review advances in EFGF technology and discuss prospects for further improving EFGF for chemical analysis.
The effect of ionic peneration on semiconducting behaviour of temporarily protective oil coating on the surface of AISI 304 stainless steel
Authors: Zhong Q. , Rohwerder M. , Shi L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the semiconducting behaviour of temporarily protective oil coatings on the surface of naked and prepassivated AISI 304 stainless steel immersed in 3% aqueous NaCl solution was studied by utilizing potential‐capacitance methode, Mott‐Schottky analysis and impedance analysis. It was pointed out that the temporarily protective oil coating behaves as a semiconductor during its degradation. The ionic penetration and the substrate greatly affect the conduction behaviour of the oil coating. On the surface of naked AISI 304 stainless steel, the oil coating behaves as a n‐type semiconductor. With increasing immersion time, the donor density of the space charge layer in the temporarily protective oil coating increases from 1019 to 1025 m−3. However, on the surface of the prepassivated substrate the space charge layer in the oil coating is significantly affected by the oxide on the steel electrode. In this case immersion time does not influence the density of charge carriers in the oil coating (1021 m−3). Impedance analysis also verify above results.
Electrorheology of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites
Authors: Park Seung J. , Cho Min S. , Lim Sung T. , Choi Hyoung J. , Jhon Myung S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanocomposites dispersed in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix were prepared via suspension polymerization, in which radicals induced on the outer wall of the MWNTs by 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile initiate the grafting of PMMA. The synthesized MWNT/PMMA nanocomposite particles were found to have a spherical shape and exhibit a high electrical conductivity, mainly as a result of the carbon nanotubes. A suspension was prepared with MWNT/PMMA particles in insulating silicone oil and its electrorheological properties were investigated by controlling applied direct current (DC) electric field strengths.Flow curve possessing a region analogous to the coexistence curve.magnified imageFlow curve possessing a region analogous to the coexistence curve.
Giant Complex Modulus Reduction of κ‐Carrageenan Magnetic Gels
Authors: Mitsumata Tetsu , Nagata Akiyasu , Sakai Kazuki , Takimoto Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Effects of magnetization on the complex modulus of κ‐carrageenan magnetic gels have been investigated. The magnetic gel was made of a natural polymer, κ‐carrageenan, and a ferromagnetic particle, barium ferrite. The complex modulus of the magnetic gel was investigated by dynamic viscoelastic measurements with a compressional strain. It was first observed that the magnetic gels showed giant storage modulus reduction ≈107 Pa before and after magnetization. The reduction was nearly independent of the frequency, and it increased with increasing the volume fraction of the ferrite. The maximum reduction in the storage modulus reached 14.9 MPa which corresponds to 76.5% of the modulus before magnetization. It was also found that the change in the modulus was nearly independent of a magnetization direction. Magnetism and morphology of the magnetic gels were also presented.Strain dependence of the storage modulus at 1 Hz for κ‐carrageenan gel (□) and its magnetic gel before (○) and after (•) magnetization (ϕ = 0.39). The geometry of magnetization and strain directions is perpendicular.magnified imageStrain dependence of the storage modulus at 1 Hz for κ‐carrageenan gel (□) and its magnetic gel before (○) and after (•) magnetization (ϕ = 0.39). The geometry of magnetization and strain directions is perpendicular.
Chain‐Length Dependence of the Electrochemical Properties of Conjugated Oligofluorenes
Authors: Chi Chunyan , Wegner Gerhard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Electrochemical properties of monodisperse oligofluorenes (OFn, n = 2 to 7) and corresponding polyfluorene were studied by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. In combination with data of UV‐vis absorption spectra, a series of linear relations such as the band gap, the oxidation potential, the ionization potential, and the electron affinity with the reciprocal number of the fluorene units (1/n) were deduced. When a chain length of ca. 14 repeat units is reached, a stable structure of about one positive charge per 3.5 repeat units is obtained.
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Photo‐Induced Solid‐State Crosslinking of Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers
Authors: Zeng Jun , Hou Haoqing , Wendorff Joachim H. , Greiner Andreas 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was derivatized by polymer analogous reaction with thienyl acryloyl chloride and processed to submicrometer fibers by electrospinning from aqueous solution. Water solubility of otherwise water‐soluble PVA fibers was reduced considerably by UV crosslinking of thienyl acrylate modified PVA fibers in the solid state. Water stability of these crosslinked fibers was proven by water steam test at 95 °C.UV/Vis spectrum of PVA‐Thio fibers irradiated for different periods at 300 nm.magnified imageUV/Vis spectrum of PVA‐Thio fibers irradiated for different periods at 300 nm.
Analysis of count data using poisson regression
Authors: Hutchinson M. Katherine , Holtman Matthew C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNurses and other health researchers are often concerned with infrequently occurring, repeatable, health‐related events such as number of hospitalizations, pregnancies, or visits to a health care provider. Reports on the occurrence of such discrete events take the form of non‐negative integer or count data. Because the counts of infrequently occurring events tend to be non‐normally distributed and highly positively skewed, the use of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with non‐transformed data has several shortcomings. Techniques such as Poisson regression and negative binomial regression may provide more appropriate alternatives for analyzing these data. The purpose of this article is to compare and contrast the use of these three methods for the analysis of infrequently occurring count data. The strengths, limitations, and special considerations of each approach are discussed. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (AddHealth) are used for illustrative purposes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 408–418, 2005.
Randomized study of stability and change in patients' advance directives
Authors: Froman Robin D. , Owen Steven V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLittle is known about ethnic differences in understanding or using advance directives (ADs). Although health practitioners may presume AD intentions are durable over time, there is no supporting evidence. This randomized study intended to (a) examine differences between hospitalized Hispanic and non‐Hispanic patients' AD preferences, (b) assess AD stability, and (c) discover if the Life Support Preferences Questionnaire (LSPQ) influences AD preferences. Hispanics and non‐Hispanics showed no difference in AD preferences. However, non‐Hispanics were more likely to change AD preferences. The LSPQ itself prompted change in AD preferences, delivering an educational effect with no specific educational intent. Change seen in patients' ADs, even over a brief interval, suggests revisiting AD preferences with patients and their families after hospitalization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 398–407, 2005.
Higher‐order factor analysis of an instrument with dichotomous data
Authors: Baldwin Kathleen A. , Grinslade Margaret S. , Baer Lynn C. , Watts Parris , Dinger Mary K. , McCubbin Jan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article reports the use of higher‐order factor analysis to examine the underlying dimensions of an instrument designed to measure community acceptance of nurse practitioners/physician's assistants. The instrument consisted of both dichotomous and Likert scale items. Use of factor analysis with dichotomous data is controversial. Higher‐order factor analysis provides a potential solution to this dilemma. Following initial factor analysis using maximum likelihood extraction with oblique rotation, the factor correlation matrix was factored to obtain second order factors. The second order factors were interpreted using the factor pattern matrix and examining correlations of individual survey items with the second order factors. This procedure provides additional factorial validity of the underlying uni‐ and multidimensional concepts related to acceptance of NPs and PAs in rural settings: knowledge, competence, access, and trust. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 431–440, 2005.
Spin‐adapted states: A basis for quantum dot structure calculation
Authors: Muhandiramge R. D. , Wang J. B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe exact diagonalization method using a spin‐adapted basis is employed to calculate the electronic structure of a multi‐electron quantum dot. By isolating spin and orbital angular momentum eigenstates, we have significantly reduced the size of the matrices required in comparison with the standard configuration interaction method. A novel approach to the simplification of the interaction integrals that arise in the calculation is also presented, which allows exact evaluation of the Hamiltonian matrix required in the calculations. This Mathematica package permits accurate calculation of energy levels and wave functions for both ground and excited states of multiple electrons confined in a circular quantum dot. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
sonographic assessment of the symptomatic breast – a pictorial review
Authors: howlett d. c. , marchbank n. d. p. , allan s. m. 
Published: September 2005

ultrasound serves as an essential adjunct to mammography and clinical examination in symptomatic breast evaluation and is the initial imaging modality of choice in some patient groups.in this review the role of ultrasound in the assessment of the symptomatic breast is discussed and examples of a variety of breast pathologies illustrated.
radiological features of the brittle bone diseases
Authors: paterson c. r. 
Published: September 2005

this paper describes some radiological features of osteogenesis imperfecta and temporary brittle bone disease. both conditions cause fractures in early childhood that the parents cannot explain. they can underlie the finding of unsuspected fractures when x-rays are done for other reasons, including fractures of different ages. both can readily be confused with non-accidental injury.in these disorders any type of fracture can occur; no fracture pattern makes bone disease more or less likely. metaphyseal fractures, often regarded as specific for non-accidental injury, also have a wide range of other causes including several bone diseases. osteopenia cannot be reliably used in diagnosis, not least because it can be absent in some bone diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta. wormian bones, if present in excess, are a valuable pointer to osteogenesis imperfecta but their absence does not eliminate this diagnosis.there is growing evidence for the identification of temporary brittle bone disease as a distinctive disorder with its own characteristic clinical and radiological findings.
towards an integrated model of expertise in medical imaging – part i overview and two dimensions of expert practice
Authors: yielder jill 
Published: September 2005

the nature of professional expertise has been widely debated in the literature. however it has been examined primarily from a dichotomy of perspectives – either from an experiential or a cognitive focus, without the attempt to integrate these, and other aspects of expertise into an integrated and coherent model. this article series explicates the nature of professional expertise specifically in the field of medical imaging. it represents a section of the outcomes of a larger study which formulated and illustrated an integrated model of professional expertise also applicable to other professions. it has been written in two parts, part i of which overviews the study and presents two of the five aspects of expertise identified. part ii presents the other three aspects.the study used data gathered from interviews and critical incident recording from expert medical imaging practitioners in auckland, new zealand, over an extended time frame.findings showed that while expertise is situated in the context of practice, it incorporates several dimensions working together in an integrated, seamless fashion through the medium of the individual practitioner. the participants identified and illustrated that expertise in medical imaging is a synthesis of a particular knowledge base, the cognitive processes, personality and internal processes of the practitioner. it manifests through, and builds on, interpersonal relationships with patients and other professionals, and is expressed through the actual doing of professional practice. it is through the reflexive examination of practice and management of change that professionals may transform these integrated aspects into the qualitative state of expertise.
investigation of the effects of magnetic fields on memory in occupationally exposed mri radiographers
Authors: gray deirdre a. 
Published: September 2005

aims: 1. compare memory ability between ct and mri radiographers using the rey auditory verbal learning test (ravlt) and between mri radiographers working with 1 and 1.5tesla (t) scanners. 2. investigate the change in memory ability (as measured by ravlt) with increasing time worked in mri.subjects: 11 ct and mri radiographers from four hospital sites were included. each worked exclusively in their modality. ravlt was administered once to each subject. results show no significant difference between mri and ct groups' scores. there were significantly lower scores in subjects who worked more than 5 years in mri and subjects who worked with 1.5t scanners.the results indicate that static magnetic fields may have a detrimental effect on memory ability. these results indicate the need for further research into the neuropsychological effects of the mri environment on occupationally exposed staff.