bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Development of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: An Update
Authors: Piplani Poonam , Kumar Ajay , Kulshreshtha Akanksha , Vohra Tamanna , Piplani Vritti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global public health threat that occurs
when bacterial or fungal infections do not respond to the drug regimen designed to treat these infections.
As a result, these microbes are not evaded and continue to grow. Antibiotic resistance against
natural and already-known antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Novobiocin can be overcome by developing
an agent that can act in different ways. The success of agents like Zodiflodacin and Zenoxacin
in clinical trials against DNA gyrase inhibitors that act on different sites of DNA gyrase has
resulted in further exploration of this target. However, due to the emergence of bacterial resistance
against these targets, there is a great need to design agents that can overcome this resistance and act
with greater efficacy. This review provides information on the synthetic and natural DNA gyrase
inhibitors that have been developed recently and their promising potential for combating antimicrobial
resistance. The review also presents information on molecules that are in clinical trials and their
current status. It also analysed the SAR studies and mechanisms of action of enlisted agents.
Transient Fever: The Sole Treatment-Related Adverse Event Associated
with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Solid Clues from the Real World
Authors: Wang Yang , Mou Qiuying , Yi Hanxiao , Meng Zilu 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The number of trials investigating mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) soars
within 3 years which urges a study analysing emerging MSC treatment-related adverse events.

Aim:
To assess the safety of MSC therapy and provide solid evidence for clinical translation of
MSC.

Methods:
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to April 20th, 2023 was
performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were used to display pooled results.

Results:
152 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that incorporated 9228 individuals treated with MSCs
from autologous or allogenic adipose tissue, bone marrow, Wharton's Jelly, and placenta tissue were
included in the analysis. We discovered appropriate 21 MSC treatment-related adverse events
(TRAEs), of which fever [OR, 1.61, 95% CI: 1.22-2.11, p<0.01] was the sole event that was closely
associated with MSC therapy. MSCs also trended to lower the incidence rate of tachycardia [OR,
0.83, 95% CI: 0.64-1.09, p=0.14] and fatigue [OR, 0.18, 95% CI: 0.61-1.07, p=0.18]. A separate
analysis of studies with long-term follow-up (more than 1 year) demonstrated the close relationship
between MSCs and fever [OR, 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26-2.24, p<0.01]. The rest TRAEs did not associate
themselves with MSC therapy. Dose-response was also conducted for fever, linearity was discovered
between MSCs from allogeneic tissue and Wharton's Jelly and fever.

Conclusion:
To date, our results suggest that fever is the only AE closely associated with MSCs.
Clustering Countries based on the Trend of COVID-19 Mortality Rates: An Application of Growth Mixture Models
Authors: Balooch Hasankhani Mohammadreza , Jahani Yunes , Sharifi Hamid , Jafari-Khounigh Ali , Khorrami Zahra 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The pattern of death due to COVID-19 is not the same worldwide and requires special approaches and strategies to identify.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the pattern of COVID-19 mortality rates in different countries using the Growth Mixture Model (GMM).

Methods:
This longitudinal study examined mortality trends due to COVID-19 for 214 countries during 2020-2022. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization reports. Countries were classified using Latent Growth Models (LGM) and GMM based on reported death trends.

Results:
Countries worldwide were classified into four clusters with different mortality patterns due to COVID-19. The highest increase in the death rate was related to cluster 2, including three countries of Iran, Peru, and Spain. The lowest increase in the death rate in each period belonged to cluster 1, which included about 60% of the world's countries. In cluster 3, most European countries, the United States, and a few countries from South America and Southeast Asia were placed. Italy was the only country in the fourth cluster.

Conclusion:
Our findings showed which countries performed better or worse in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Lived Experience of Women with Alopecia: A Qualitative Study Investigating the Psychological, Social and Emotional Impact of Alopecia in a Sample of Greek Women
Authors: Katara Paraskevi , Vlastos Dimitris D. , Theofilou Paraskevi 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Alopecia is the most frequent cause of hair loss, burdening the patient's psychology through the aesthetic appearance and quality of life.

Aims:
The present research attempted to investigate the changes in the socio-emotional world of women with alopecia and their adaptation to all aspects of everyday life.

Methods:
A thematic qualitative analysis (with semi-structured interviews) was performed on 10 women with alopecia without any other underlying disease. The aim of the study is to record the experiential experience of each participant in order to enrich the literature on the quality of life of women with alopecia.

Results:
The overarching themes that emerged are four and include women's functioning and adaptability, environmental attitudes and expectations, women's attitudes towards treatment and, finally, the impact of the disease.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, although alopecia is not life-threatening, it seems to modify, at least initially, the way in which women re-adapt to their daily lives, to how they perceive social and partner relationships and themselves in terms of part of the work.
A New Deep Learning Model based on Neuroimaging for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: P. Kiran , K. V. Sudheesh , Ravi Vinayakumar , Almeshari Meshari , Alzamil Yasser , D. S. Sunil Kumar , R. Harshitha 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The psychological aspects of the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are significantly affected. These alterations in brain anatomy take place due to a variety of reasons, including the shrinking of grey and white matter in the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can be used to measure it, and these scans offer a chance for early identification of AD utilizing classification methods, like convolutional neural network (CNN). The majority of AD-related tests are now constrained by the test measures. It is, thus, crucial to find an affordable method for image categorization using minimal information. Because of developments in machine learning and medical imaging, the field of computerized health care has evolved rapidly. Recent developments in deep learning, in particular, herald a new era of clinical decision-making that is heavily reliant on multimedia systems.

Methods:
In the proposed work, we have investigated various CNN-based transfer-learning strategies for predicting AD using MRI scans of the brain's structural organization. According to an analysis of the data, the suggested model makes use of a number of sites related to Alzheimer's disease. In order to interpret structural brain pictures in both 2D and 3D, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset includes straightforward CNN designs based on 2D and 3D convolutions.

Results:
According to these results, deep neural networks may be able to automatically learn which imaging biomarkers are indicative of Alzheimer's disease and exploit them for precise early disease detection. The proposed techniques have been found to achieve an accuracy of 93.24%.

Conclusion:
This research aimed to classify Alzheimer's disease (AD) using transfer learning. We have used strict pre-processing steps on raw MRI data from the ADNI dataset and used the AlexNet, i.e., Alzheimer's disease has been categorized using pre-processed data and the CNN classifier.
Audiovisual Technology for HIV/AIDS Prevention in the Elderly: Production and Validation
Authors: Vasconcelos Socorro Milena Rocha , Rocha Thais Milene , Feitoza Aline Rodrigues , Barbosa Maia Aika Barros , Lima Pereira Francisca Andressa , de Melo Perdigão Marcela Maria , de Albuquerque Greicy Machado Aguiar , de Oliveira Luize Caroline Sampaio , Cavalcante Laurineide de Fátima Diniz , de Morais Tânia Maria Vasconcelos , de Sousa Leilane Barbosa , Carneiro Rolim Karla Maria 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The elderly population is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, but there is a lack of educational materials for prevention specifically tailored to this age group.

Objectives:
This study aims to validate an educational audiovisual technology for HIV/AIDS prevention in the elderly.

Methods:
The study consists of two stages. The first stage involves developing an Educational Video (EV) based on a validated script. The second stage focuses on validating the EV through expert judges in nursing and audiovisual communication/cinema. The video production closely followed the validated script, and recordings were done in three predetermined scenarios. After final editing, the video underwent evaluation by judges who assessed its content and technique using a Likert response scale and the Content Validity Index (CVI). A concordance index of 80% or higher was considered acceptable. Twelve judges participated in the evaluation.

Results:
The educational video, the first of its kind nationally and internationally, achieved a CVI ranging from 0.8 to 1.00. The concordance index mostly fell between 80% and 100%. Judges provided feedback, including suggestions and disagreements, which were incorporated to enhance the effectiveness of the EV.

Conclusion:
The favorable CVI and positive reception from judges highlight the educational video's potential as a valuable tool for teaching HIV/AIDS prevention to the elderly. It can be utilized by various healthcare professionals in primary, secondary, and tertiary settings to enhance health education practices.
The Nurses' Knowledge and Compliance with Standard Precautions to prevent Healthcare-associated Infections
Authors: Da'seh Ayat , Al-Zaru Ibtisam M. , Hayajneh Audai A , Obaid Osama 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Nursing knowledge and compliance with standard precautions are important for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and protecting nursing personnel and patients from exposure to infectious microorganisms.

Objective:
The study aimed to assess the nurses’ knowledge of and compliance with standard precautions.

Methods:
This study used :a cross-sectional design. A total of 302 nurses were recruited from three Jordanian hospitals. Data were collected through two structured questionnaires: Standard Precautions Knowledge Questionnaire and Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale. Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the correlation between nurses' knowledge and compliance with standard precautions.

Results:
The average knowledge score was 14.09 (SD=2.97), indicating a good level of knowledge regarding standard precautions. The average compliance score was 14.46. A significant positive and strong relationship was found between nurses’ knowledge and compliance with standard precautions (r=0.77, p <0.001).

Conclusion:
Continuous monitoring and evaluation of standard precautions are required to maintain and enhance compliance among nurses.
Concepts, Characterizations, and Cautions: A Public Health Guide and Glossary for Planning Food Environment Measurement
Authors: Boise Sarah , Crossa Aldo , Etheredge Analee J. , McCulley Edwin M. , Lovasi Gina S. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
There is no singular approach to measuring the food environment suitable for all studies. Understanding terminology, methodology, and common issues can provide a foundation for cohesive and convincing findings.

Objective:
This review is designed to support investigators and teams newly engaged in food environment measurement who are seeking to optimize and justify measurement choices across projects.

Methods:
This guide defines key terms and provides annotated resources identified as a useful starting point for exploring the food environment literature. The writing team was a multi-institutional academic-practice collaboration, reflecting on measurement experience with food environments and other retail establishments across the US and in New York City.

Results:
Terms and annotated resources are divided into three sections: food environment constructs, classification and measures, and errors and strategies to reduce errors. Two examples of methods and challenges encountered while measuring the food environment in the context of a US health department are provided. Researchers and practice professionals are directed to the Food Environment Electronic Database Directory (https://www.foodenvironmentdirectory.com/) to compare available data sources for food environment measurement, focused on the US; this resource incorporates annual updates informed by user input and literature reviews.

Discussion:
Measuring the food environment is complex. This guide serves as a starting point for understanding some of the public health options and challenges for neighborhood food environment measurement.

Conclusion:
Food environment measures and data sources vary in suitability depending on research and practice objectives. Reducing barriers to navigating existing literature can catalyze new insights and facilitate theoretically-grounded food environment measurement.

Classifications:
Built Environment, Food Environment
Application of Geographic Information Systems in the Study of COVID-19 in Morocco
Authors: Haisoufi Driss , Bouaiti El arbi 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified as a respiratory disease that originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020. Morocco reported its first coronavirus case on 2 March 2020. During the week of 9-15 March 2020, Morocco took steps to limit the spread of the epidemic. This article describes the use of spatial data applications in epidemiological research in Morocco, specifically its response to the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods:
To conduct this study, we relied on the use and analysis of data provided by the Moroccan Ministry of Health for the study period from May to July 2021, as well as the geographical and administrative map of the Kingdom of Morocco. Spatial analysis of COVID-19 was performed using ArcGIS 10.8 and QGIS, a geographic information processing software. Health data for the 12 regions of the Moroccan territory were presented in the number of COVID-19 cases as a discrete quantitative variable and over time as a continuous time variable.

Results:
According to a map created using GIS, the concentration of COVID-19 cases appeared to be highest in the Casablanca Settat region. Depending on the number of documented COVID-19 cases, regions were ranked as follows: Casablanca-Settat> Rabat-Sale-Kenitra> Marrakech-Safi > Fes-Meknes > Tangier-Tetouan-Alhouceima>Oriental>Souss-Massa > Béni Mellal-Khenifra> Draa-Tafilalet> Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra >Guelmim-Oued Noun > Dakhla-Oued Eddahab. The increase in cases in major cities was due to several factors, including demographic, social and environmental factors. This demonstrated the need to consider demographic contributions to environmental health. Demographic factors helped us understand the health of our environment empirically. Geography improved health decision-making and accountability. Incorporating the geographic context of the spread of COVID-19 helped decision-makers understand the impact of location on strategies and goals to combat this pandemic.

Conclusion:
This study identified areas with high and low COVID-19 clusters and hotspots. The produced maps can serve as an excellent management tool to control and effectively eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to investments in epidemiological surveillance programs.
Identification of Myths and Misinformation About Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder on Social Media: Infodemiology Study
Authors: ElSherief Mai , Sumner Steven , Krishnasamy Vikram , Jones Christopher , Law Royal , Kacha-Ochana Akadia , Schieber Lyna , De Choudhury Munmun 
Published: November 2023

Background
Health misinformation and myths about treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) are present on social media and contribute to challenges in preventing drug overdose deaths. However, no systematic, quantitative methodology exists to identify what types of misinformation are being shared and discussed.

Objective
We developed a multistage analytic pipeline to assess social media posts from Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), YouTube, Reddit, and Drugs-Forum for the presence of health misinformation about treatment for OUD.

Methods
Our approach first used document embeddings to identify potential new statements of misinformation from known myths. These statements were grouped into themes using hierarchical agglomerative clustering, and public health experts then reviewed the results for misinformation.

Results
We collected a total of 19,953,599 posts discussing opioid-related content across the aforementioned platforms. Our multistage analytic pipeline identified 7 main clusters or discussion themes. Among a high-yield data set of posts (n=303) for further public health expert review, these included discussion about potential treatments for OUD (90/303, 29.8%), the nature of addiction (68/303, 22.5%), pharmacologic properties of substances (52/303, 16.9%), injection drug use (36/303, 11.9%), pain and opioids (28/303, 9.3%), physical dependence of medications (22/303, 7.2%), and tramadol use (7/303, 2.3%). A public health expert review of the content within each cluster identified the presence of misinformation and myths beyond those used as seed myths to initialize the algorithm.

Conclusions
Identifying and addressing misinformation through appropriate communication strategies could be an increasingly important component of preventing overdose deaths. To further this goal, we developed and tested an approach to aid in the identification of myths and misinformation about OUD from large-scale social media content.
Association Between Antidiabetic Pattern with Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Buleleng Hospital
Authors: Ratnasari Pande Made Desy , Ardeliani I Gusti Ayu Indira , Yuliawati Agustina Nila , Kurnianta Putu Dian Marani 
Published: November 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which requires long-term therapy. Medication adherence plays an important role for therapeutic success in patients with T2DM. Antidiabetic usage pattern might involve with some problems related to medication adherence. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between antidiabetic usage pattern with medication adherence. Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted cross-sectionally involving 90 participants of T2DM outpatient at Private Hospital in Buleleng Bali during July-September 2020. Patients were included if aged ≥18 years, received the same antidiabetic for three months before the study, signed informed consent, and provided with complete medical record data. Patients were excluded if appeared to be unwell, pregnant or breastfeeding. Demographic data and antidiabetic usage patterns were collected retrospectively based on the patient's medical records. Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) questionnaire was used to assess medication adherence. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed that 55.6% patients were male, aged 46-65 years (61.1%), education predominantly by elementary school (37.8%), had suffered from DM for 5-10 years (46.7%), with comorbidities (50%), and without complications (77.8%). The antidiabetic usage pattern was dominated by a combination of two antidiabetics (53.3%). Most patients (42.2%) showed moderate-high medication adherence. There was no statistically significant association between antidiabetic usage pattern and medication adherence (p=0.275). Conclusions: A higher rate of medication adherence was found in patients taking combination of two antidiabetics compared to combination of three or four antidiabetics.
Development of Song Videos Based on “Sumbang Duo Baleh” to Stimulate Early Childhood Character in Learning
Authors: Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Mahdaleni Mahdaleni , Delvi Eliza Delvi Eliza , Aprilianda Rini 
Published: November 2023

Curriculum renewal is expected to be able to respond to the challenges and competition of the 21st century by focusing on character formation which is the embodiment of national education goals. Based on initial observations and interviews conducted by researchers at Al Azhar Kindergarten in West Pasaman during the middle of 2021 to April 2022, it was found that there was a problem of lack of teacher stimulation towards children in forming attitudes and behavior such as in speaking, dressing and behaving, not being polite and courteous in playing activities. and study. The aim of this research is to develop a video for the song Sumbang Duo Baleh which can stimulate the character of young children aged 5-6 years in learning. This research and development implement ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The product of this research is a video song based on Sumbang Duo Baleh which can be used to stimulate the character of young children in learning. In addition, there is an output in the form of publication of scientific articles in the accredited national journal Sinta-3. The song video based on Sumbang Duo Baleh as a learning medium has been tested for validity by 3 experts in the field, tested for practicality by teachers and tested for effectiveness in the learning process with students. From the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the learning videos based on Sumbang Duo Baleh are valid, practical and effective for stimulating the character of early childhood, proven analytically and experimentally on a limited sample to stimulate the character of early childhood in the learning process.
The (Post) Staples Economy and the (Post) Staples State in Historical Perspective
Authors: Wellstead Adam 
Published: November 2023

This article examines the evolution of the contemporary staples state. There are two forms of competitive states that are relevant to a discussion of the Canadian (post) staples state: the Schumpeterian and Ricardian competitive states. The importance of the Schumpetarian competitive state is the focus of Jessop’s (2002a) The Future of the Capitalist State and is often applied to Canada. The Ricardian competitive state's characteristics, however, lead to the argument that it in fact better describes the contemporary staples state that continues to flourish throughout many parts of Canada.
The article first outlines the economic importance of contemporary staples production at both the national and provincial level. It then chronologically defines the staples state in relationship to popular characterizations of it, from its pre-20th century form to the present.