bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of heart rate variability, exercise intensity and exercising arrhythmias with competition results in eventing horses
Authors: Navas de Solis Cristobal , Ramseyer Alessandra , Stefanovski Darko , Haughan Joanne , Solomon Claire J. , Kirsch Katharina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundExercising arrhythmias are common in horses participating in eventing competitions. Heart rate variability (HRV) and a specific measure of the degree of heart rate fluctuation (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis alpha1; DFA‐α1) are proposed as exercise intensity and fatigue markers.Objectives(1) To describe exercising arrhythmias and DFA‐α1 values during 2–4* level eventing cross‐country competitions in horses from two European countries; (2) to identify associations between exercising arrhythmias, DFA‐α1 and competition results and (3) to evaluate whether markers of the intensity of exercise are associated with exercising arrhythmias, DFA‐α1 or competition results.MethodsA convenience sample of exercising ECGs and competition results from horses during cross‐country eventing competitions was examined. Statistical analysis was conducted using multivariable mixed‐effects logistic, Poisson and linear regression models.ResultsArrhythmias were frequent during 69 cross‐country competition ECGs from 43 horses. Detrended fluctuation analysis α1 was not associated with performance during cross‐country, but a higher DFA‐α1 during cross‐country was associated with fewer showjumping phase penalties. More premature complexes, the presence of complex arrhythmias and arrhythmias during recovery were associated with fewer time penalties during cross‐country. The presence of complex arrhythmias and arrhythmias during recovery of the cross‐country phase was associated with more penalties during the showjumping phase. Higher blood lactate concentration, higher HRpeak and higher HRmean were associated with fewer time penalties during cross‐country.Main LimitationsThe arrhythmias observed do not allow conclusions to be drawn about the consequences of more severe arrhythmias. The associations described here were often of small magnitude or with large confidence intervals and must be interpreted cautiously.ConclusionsArrhythmias during the cross‐country test of eventing competitions were frequently associated with positive competition results during the cross‐country phase and negative results during the showjumping phase. The specific arrhythmia types and circumstances that should raise concern about performance and safety remain relevant but unanswered questions for equine practitioners.
Guideline for Novel Fine‐Grained Sentiment Annotation and Data Curation: A Case Study
Authors: Dai Wei , Kong Wanqiu , Shang Tao , Feng Jianhong , Wu Jiaji , Qu Tan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDriven by the rise of the internet, recent years have witnessed the gradual manifestation of commercial values of online reviews. In movie industry, sentiment analysis serves as the foundation for mining user preferences among diverse and multi‐layered audiences, providing insight into the market value of movies. As a representative task, aspect‐based sentiment analysis (ABSA) aims to analyse and extract fine‐grained sentiment elements and their relations in terms of discussed aspects. Relevant studies, particularly in the realm of deep learning research, face challenges due to insufficient annotated data. To alleviate this problem, we propose a guideline for fine‐grained sentiment annotations that defines aspect categories, describes the method for annotating aspect sentiment triplets, either simple or complex and designs a scheme to represent hierarchical labels. Based on this, an ABSA dataset tailored for the movie domain is curated by annotating on 1100 Chinese short reviews acquired from Douban. Applicability of both the annotation guideline and curated data is evaluated through inter‐annotator consistency and self‐consistency checks, and domain adaptation assessment of e‐commerce and healthcare cases. Predictive performance of machine learning models on this dataset shed light on possible applications in more fine‐grained sentiment analysis in the movie domain, for example, figuring out the aspects from which to stimulate viewership and influence public opinions, thereby providing substantial support for the movie's box office performance. Finally, we extended our fine‐grained sentiment annotation guideline to the e‐commerce and healthcare. Through empirical experimentation, we demonstrated the universality of these guideline across diverse domains.
Tree Diversity Increases Carbon Stocks and Fluxes Above—But Not Belowground in a Tropical Forest Experiment
Authors: Schnabel Florian , Guillemot Joannès , Barry Kathryn E. , Brunn Melanie , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico , Gebauer Tobias , Guerrero‐Ramirez Nathaly R. , Handa I. Tanya , Madsen Chris , Mancilla Lady , Monteza Jose , Moore Tim , Oelmann Yvonne , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Schwendenmann Luitgard , Wagner Audrey , Wirth Christian , Potvin Catherine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInternational commitments advocate large‐scale forest restoration as a nature‐based solution to climate change mitigation through carbon (C) sequestration. Mounting evidence suggests that mixed compared to monospecific planted forests may sequester more C, exhibit lower susceptibility to climate extremes and offer a broader range of ecosystem services. However, experimental studies comprehensively examining the control of tree diversity on multiple C stocks and fluxes above‐ and belowground are lacking. To address this gap, we leverage data from the Sardinilla experiment in Panama, the oldest tropical tree diversity experiment, which features a gradient of one‐, two‐, three‐ and five‐species mixtures of native tree species. Over 16 years, we measured multiple above‐ and belowground C stocks and fluxes, ranging from tree aboveground C, over leaf litter C production, to soil organic carbon (SOC). We show that tree diversity significantly increased aboveground C stocks and fluxes, with a 57% higher gain in aboveground tree C in five‐species mixtures compared to monocultures (35.7 ± 1.8 vs. 22.8 ± 3.4 Mg C ha−1) 16 years after planting. In contrast, we observed a net reduction in SOC (on average −11.2 ± 1.1 Mg C ha−1 across diversity levels) and no significant difference in SOC3 stocks (the predominantly tree‐derived, i.e., C3 plant‐derived SOC fraction) between five‐species mixtures and monocultures (13.0 ± 0.9 vs. 15.1 ± 1.3 Mg C ha−1). Positive tree diversity effects persisted despite repeated climate extremes and strengthened over time for aboveground tree growth. Structural equation models showed that higher tree growth in mixtures enhanced leaf litter and coarse woody debris C fluxes to the soil, resulting in a tightly linked C cycle aboveground. However, we did not observe significant links between above‐ and belowground C stocks and fluxes. Our study elucidates the mechanisms through which higher tree diversity bolsters the climate mitigation potential of tropical forest restoration. Restoration schemes should prioritize mixed over monospecific planted forests.
Extreme Fire Spread Events Burn More Severely and Homogenize Postfire Landscapes in the Southwestern United States
Authors: McFarland Jessika R. , Coop Jonathan D. , Balik Jared A. , Rodman Kyle C. , Parks Sean A. , Stevens‐Rumann Camille S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTExtreme fire spread events rapidly burn large areas with disproportionate impacts on people and ecosystems. Such events are associated with warmer and drier fire seasons and are expected to increase in the future. Our understanding of the landscape outcomes of extreme events is limited, particularly regarding whether they burn more severely or produce spatial patterns less conducive to ecosystem recovery. To assess relationships between fire spread rates and landscape burn severity patterns, we used satellite fire detections to create day‐of‐burning maps for 623 fires comprising 4267 single‐day events within forested ecoregions of the southwestern United States. We related satellite‐measured burn severity and a suite of high‐severity patch metrics to daily area burned. Extreme fire spread events (defined here as burning > 4900 ha/day) exhibited higher mean burn severity, a greater proportion of area burned severely, and increased like adjacencies between high‐severity pixels. Furthermore, increasing daily area burned also resulted in greater distances within high‐severity patches to live tree seed sources. High‐severity patch size and total high‐severity core area were substantially higher for fires containing one or more extreme spread events than for fires without an extreme event. Larger and more homogenous high‐severity patches produced during extreme events can limit tree regeneration and set the stage for protracted forest conversion. These landscape outcomes are expected to be magnified under future climate scenarios, accelerating fire‐driven forest loss and long‐term ecological change.
Research on Plastic Mitigation Underestimates the Potential Land‐Use Impact of Bio‐Based Plastic Alternatives
Authors: Helm Levi T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe impacts of plastic, including carbon emissions and plastic pollution, have significant negative impacts on human well‐being and the environment. Recent research suggests that these impacts could be mitigated by using biomass to create products with lower carbon emissions or that reduce pollution through biodegradation or composting. As the scale of the plastic problem is substantial, the amount of biomass required for mitigation could be large. Biomass may have benefits, but it also has risks, including the potential to cause significant land‐use change. Land‐use impacts are widely acknowledged in the literature on plastic mitigation but are often downplayed with assumptions that changes in policies, behaviors, agricultural productivity, and technology can ameliorate the most negative impacts. This paper reviews the assumptions made about land use in the literature on biomass‐based plastics and plastic alternatives. Current studies generally make optimistic assumptions about land‐use change or have limited ability to account for land‐use change impacts. These assumptions, including technological and agricultural advancement, along with idealized feedstock sourcing, minimize potential land‐use impacts. This paper demonstrates how reasonable projections based on the literature could require a considerable amount of biomass, equivalent to a 7%–13% increase in global crop demand in 2040. Further research investigating projections for biomass use and the assumptions in these estimates is required to better understand potential land‐use impacts from bio‐based plastic substitutes. This research is important for informing emerging policies, including the UN Treaty on plastic pollution. Establishing criteria and thresholds for the sustainability of bio‐based alternatives, as well as identifying potential negative outcomes, will be crucial to avoid setting out on a path with significant unintended and potentially unavoidable consequences.
Frequent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance during tenofovir therapy in persons with HIV/hepatitis B virus coinfection
Authors: Béguelin Charles , Surial Bernard , Hofmann Eveline , Begré Lorin , Munting Aline , Günthard Huldrych F. , Stöckle Marcel , Bernasconi Enos , Schmid Patrick , Calmy Alexandra , Suter‐Riniker Franziska , Rauch Andri , Wandeler Gilles ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is a rare event among persons with hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfection but seems to happen more frequently in people with HIV (PWH). We assessed the proportion of PWH/HBV coinfection who experienced HBsAg loss during long‐term tenofovir‐therapy and evaluated its association with quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) levels at tenofovir start.MethodsAll Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants with two or more positive HBsAg measurements more than 6 months apart, and at least 4 years of tenofovir‐containing antiretroviral therapy (ART), were considered. Our main outcomes were the loss of HBsAg during the first 2 years of tenofovir therapy and until the last available follow‐up. We explored the association between qHBsAg levels at tenofovir start and HBsAg loss using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 272 PWH and HBV coinfection were included. Median age was 41 years (IQR 36–46) and 81% (221) were men. At tenofovir start, 62% (169/272) received prior HBV active therapy, 49% (110/224) were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive, 82% (222/272) had detectable HBV DNA (median 4.0 log10 IU/mL, IQR 2.1–7.5) and 19% (46/242) had low qHBsAg, defined as <1000 IU/mL. HBsAg loss was observed in 7% (19/272) of participants during the first 2 years of tenofovir‐containing ART and in 16% (43/272) after a median follow‐up time of 8.4 years (IQR 2.6–15.8). At the last follow‐up, 59% (16/27) of those with HBsAg loss had seroconverted for detectable anti‐HBs antibodies. In multivariable analyses, low qHBsAg at tenofovir start (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.6–17.8) was a significant predictor of HBsAg loss.ConclusionWe found high rates of HBsAg loss in PWH and HBV coinfection on long‐term tenofovir‐containing ART, most of whom had low qHBsAg at tenofovir start.
Answering key bumble bee conservation questions by studying discovered wild nests: A Bombus affinis case study
Authors: Smith Tamara A. , Boone Michelle , Choy Steven , Evans Elaine , Everett Jeffrey G. , Palmer Justin E. , Pearse Ian , Pugesek Genevieve , Sadd Ben M. , Szymanski Jennifer , Tessnow Ashley E. , Watson Jay C. , Mola John M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nesting ecology of wild bumble bees is not well resolved, but information learned from discovered nests can be of great conservation value.
Data collected at nests on foraging patterns, caste‐specific behaviour and health (e.g., pathogens) are invaluable for understanding bumble bee behaviour and ecology, but difficult to decipher solely from foraging observations away from the nest.
Post‐senescence nest excavation allows the estimation of colony size, caste numbers, documents pest incidence and provides opportunities to examine nest material for stressors (e.g., pesticides) and to use nest material for training purposes (e.g., conservation dogs).
Wild nests are often found opportunistically, and there is an absence of standardised guidance on data collection.
We provide an action plan to ensure the data collection is comparable across studies.
This framework includes key conservation questions and methodological guidelines for both for in situ and post‐season nest data collection and is ordered by increasing complexity of data collection methods.
To illustrate our framework, we provide an example with recently discovered Bombus affinis (rusty patched bumble bee) nests.
Through observations at B. affinis nests, we discovered novel patterns of activity, changing activity levels over time, the timing of male and gyne production, variable timing in nest senescence, and associations of nests with past rodent activity.
Although individual nest discoveries may be of limited value in forwarding conservation strategies, the aggregate collections of many similar datasets can be of critical importance for species of conservation concern.
How I Investigate Measurable Residual Disease in B‐Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia After Therapy With Bi‐Specific Monoclonal Antibodies and 19CAR‐T Cells
Authors: Valerio Ikoma‐Colturato Maura Rosane , Furtado Felipe Magalhães , de Oliveira Elen , Gevert Fabiola , Mendonça Roberia ,   The Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow and Cell Therapy (SBTMO) MRD Working Group
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionMeasurable residual disease (MRD) in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) following anti‐CD19 targeted therapies requires specific strategies to identify residual blast cells due to loss or reduced CD19 expression that makes it inconsistent as a primitive marker for B‐cell gating.ObjectiveDue to the increased access of BCP‐ALL patients to therapies with CD3/CD19 bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTe) and CD19‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor T‐Cell (CAR‐T), it is essential that flow cytometry laboratories are prepared to evaluate therapeutic responses.Material and MethodsHere, validated strategies for MRD detection in the context of anti‐CD19 therapies are described, accessible to flow cytometry laboratories according to their different facilities. The paper includes an 8‐color flow cytometry (FC) strategy for BCP‐ALL MRD based on alternative gating without the use of additional markers (Euroflow protocol), as well as other strategies using alternative markers to CD19, comprising 2 protocols using 8 colors, one using 10 colors and another 14 colors/15 markers.ConclusionDifferent strategies are needed to detect MRD without using CD19 for B‐cell population gating after CD19‐targeted therapies. However, it is essential that validated protocols are used according to the available resources to ensure reliable results for clinical decision‐making.
Work Intensification, Work–Life Conflict and Turnover Intentions in the Teaching Profession: Evidence From School Teachers in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Tremblay Diane‐Gabrielle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTeachers worldwide are expected to adapt to increasingly complex demands. Meanwhile, there is a shortage of qualified teachers in the profession. In this context, our paper explores the role of work intensification (WI) as a predictor of teacher turnover intention, an important antecedent that has never been explored amongst school teachers. The role of work–life conflict (WLC) is also considered, given the salience of this issue according to teacher unions. We distributed an online questionnaire to teachers from various sectors (preschool, primary, secondary, adult training, professional training and special education) through union listings and got 405 valid responses. We ran statistical analyses using PROCESS Macro v.4.2 for SPSS, and our results indicate a direct, significant and positive relationship between WI and intention to leave (p ≥ 0.001; R2 = 0.179). Moreover, we found that WLC interacts with WI in its impact on intention to leave (p ≥ 0.001; R2 = 0.191). Theoretical contributions are made using the job demands‐resources and conservation of resources theories, and practical implications for government and school leaders are discussed.
Modified Z‐scheme heterojunction of TiO2/polypyrrole recyclable photocatalyst
Authors: Milojković Natalija , Simović Bojana , Žunić Milan , Radovanović Lidija , Prekajski‐Đorđević Marija , Dapčević Aleksandra 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA straightforward physical mixing method was used to prepare the highly efficient TiO2/polypyrrole (PPy) photocatalysts of hydrothermally prepared TiO2 and PPy, obtained by the chemical oxidative polymerization, with different amounts of PPy (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, and 5 wt.%). Synthesized composites were characterized by XRPD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, BET, and UV–Vis methods, while their photocatalytic activity was estimated towards the degradation of toxic dye Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) based on UV–Vis and TOC. XRPD showed that the TiO2 was obtained as nanoanatase with crystallites of 26 nm. Band gap energies of the nanocomposites decreased with the PPy content increase from 3.11(3) to 2.94(3) eV. The TiO2/1%PPy demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity by completely degrading RO16 for 120 min under simulated solar light with degradation described by the pseudo‐first reaction order with the rate constant of 0.056(5) min−1. It was established that 73% of the total reactive oxidative species were h+ and that the photodegradation mechanism followed a slightly modified direct Z‐scheme in which PPy played an active and irreplaceable role by opening a new reaction path. Besides extremely high photocatalytic efficiency, the recyclability of TiO2/1%PPy was confirmed since no decrease in efficiency was found after several runs of photocatalysis.
The Effect of Mind Map as a Prewriting Activity in Third Grade Elementary Students' Descriptive Narrative Creative Writing With a Writing E‐Portfolio
Authors: Mustika Melissa , Yeh Charles Y. C. , Cheng Hercy N. H. , Liao Calvin C. Y. , Chan Tak‐Wai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground StudyThe integration of mind maps as a prewriting activity has shown potential in enhancing students' writing skills, yet there is limited research focusing specifically on third‐grade elementary students' descriptive narrative creative writing within technology‐enhanced learning environments. The use of digital tools, such as writing e‐portfolios, has not been extensively explored in this age group, especially concerning their impact on continuous assessment and collaborative learning.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mind maps as a prewriting activity in improving third‐grade students' writing performance. It seeks to measure enhancements in writing fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and sensitivity. Additionally, the study evaluates the role of writing e‐portfolios in supporting continuous assessment and collaborative learning among students.MethodsDesign: The study employed a quasi‐experimental design with two groups: an experimental group using mind maps and a control group. Instruments: Data collection instruments included pre‐ and post‐tests to assess writing performance, semi‐structured interview guides for qualitative data, and a digital platform for writing e‐portfolios. Data collection: Quantitative data were gathered through standardised writing assessments, while qualitative insights were collected via interviews and analysis of student writing e‐portfolio entries. Data analysis: Quantitative data were analysed using MANOVA and MANCOVA to identify differences between groups and to control for covariates. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the specific contributions of mind maps at different writing stages. Qualitative data were analysed to understand student's perspective on how mind map activities by using the Writing for Tomorrow system benefits their writing.ResultsThe results demonstrated significant improvements in the experimental group's writing performance across all measured categories, including fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and sensitivity. The analysis highlighted the substantial benefits of mind maps, particularly during the drafting and revision stages. The study also found that the use of writing e‐portfolios provided valuable support for continuous assessment and facilitated collaborative learning among students.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that incorporating mind maps as a prewriting activity can significantly enhance the descriptive narrative creative writing skills of third‐grade students. Moreover, the use of writing e‐portfolios contributes positively by offering a platform for continuous assessment and collaboration. This research underscores the importance of integrating visual and digital tools into elementary education to foster improved writing outcomes.