bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulling instead of pushing: A case report of gastrostomy‐assisted pull technique as an alternative method for endoluminal sponge placement in EVAC therapy
Authors: Trocchia Carolena , Shieh Hester F. , Dolan Isabella , Wilsey Michael , Smithers Charles J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEndoscopic vacuum‐assisted therapy offers an easier and safer alternative to thoracic surgery, self‐expanding stents, or esophageal clips and has been shown to be a promising technique for management of pediatric esophageal perforations. In this report, we present a novel application of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy‐assisted pull technique, wherein a preexisting gastrostomy is reaccessed to allow safe placement of the vacuum sponge with a more comfortable and effective endoscopic vacuum‐assisted closure therapy compared to transnasal or transoral options. A 7‐year‐old male with a history of type C esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by leak and refractory esophageal stricture, severe tracheomalacia, and prior esophageal stricture resection presented for posterior tracheoplasty and tracheopexy complicated by esophageal perforation. A preexisting gastrostomy site was re‐accessed to allow for a novel approach for endoluminal sponge placement in endoscopic vacuum‐assisted closure (EVAC) therapy by gastrostomy‐assisted pull technique. The patient had appropriate healing without further leak 1 month after repair. This case highlights the use of EVAC as a minimally invasive option for repair of esophageal perforation using a pull‐through method at the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube site as gastric access. This method may improve control of placement and reduce sponge migration, reduce intraluminal distance of sponge placement, and reduce morbidity by avoiding thoracotomy.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle by Shear Wave Dispersion in Healthy Adults: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chen Qiuxiang , Li Zhenzhou , Deng Meifang , Peng Jiayu , Zhu Xiangming , Zhang Chaoxue 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the application value of shear wave dispersion (SWD) in healthy adults with the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM), to determine the range of normal reference values, and to analyze the influences of factors on the parameter.MethodsNinety‐five healthy volunteers participated in the study, from whom 2‐dimensional, shear wave elastography (SWE), and SWD images of the bilateral LMM were acquired in three positions (prone, standing, and anterior flexion). Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFH), SWE velocity, and SWD slope were measured accordingly for analyses.ResultsThe mean SWD slope of the bilateral LMM in the prone position was as follows: left: 14.8 ± 3.1 (m/second)/kHz (female) and 13.0 ± 2.5 (m/second)/kHz (male); right: 14.8 ± 3.7 (m/second)/kHz (female) and 14.2 ± 3.4 (m/second)/kHz (male). In the prone position, there was a weak negative correlation between the bilateral LMM SWD slope of activity level 2 and level 1 (β = −1.5 (2 versus 1, left), −1.9 (2 versus 1, right), all P < .05), and between the left SWD slope of activity level 3 and level 1 (β = −2.3 [3 versus 1, left], P < .05). The correlation between SWE velocity and SWD slope value changed with the position: there was a weak positive correlation in the prone position (r = 0.3 [left], 0.37 [right], both P < .05), and a moderate positive correlation in the standing and anterior flexed positions (r = 0.49–0.74, both P < .001). SFH was moderately negatively correlated with bilateral SWD slope values in the anterior flexion (left: r = −0.4, P = .01; right: r = −0.7, P < .01).ConclusionsSWD imaging can be used as an adjunct tool to aid in the assessment of viscosity in LMM. Further, activity level, and position are influencing factors that should be considered in clinical practice.
An Update on the Epidemiology and Clinicodemographic Features of Meniere's Disease
Authors: De Ravin Emma , Quimby Alexandra E. , Bartellas Michael , Swanson Sydnie , Hwa Tiffany P. , Bigelow Douglas C. , Brant Jason A. , Ruckenstein Michael J. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo characterize the estimated prevalence and clinicodemographic features of Ménière's disease (MD) using current diagnostic criteria.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was undertaken at our tertiary academic referral center. All patients seen in Otolaryngology clinic with ICD‐10 diagnoses of MD, from January 1, 2013 to July 31, 2022 were identified. Chart review was undertaken to determine the estimated prevalence of MD meeting AAO‐HNS diagnostic criteria. Clinicodemographic features were evaluated against a comparator group without MD seen in our health system.ResultsOf 806 ICD‐10 diagnoses of MD, we identified 480 MD cases meeting diagnostic criteria (168 definite). Mean age at presentation for MD cases was 49 years. Forty‐seven percent of cases were male. A significantly higher proportion of MD cases than comparators were white (76% vs. 66%, p < 0.001). Mean time since MD symptom onset was 6.7 years, with a mean attack duration of 4.6 h; 7.5% of MD cases reported a positive family history, and 7% had bilateral disease. The odds of reporting migraine were significantly greater among MD patients than comparators (OR 1.74 [1.26–2.42]); the odds of having autoimmune conditions were lower (OR 0.45 [0.28–0.74]); and the odds of reporting allergies were no different (OR 0.96 [0.74–1.25]) versus comparator patients after controlling for demographic characteristics.ConclusionsAmong MD diagnoses, there is a low estimated prevalence of MD meeting diagnostic criteria, and an even lower prevalence of definite MD. Compared to a comparator group of patients seen for any disorder, patients with MD are more likely to be white, male, and have a history of migraine.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:3310–3315, 2024
Endoscopy‐Assisted Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Resection: A Scoping Review
Authors: Du Maoshan , Chen Shanwen , Wu Yu , Wang Dong , Wu Jing , Zhao Yi , Wu Kaile , Liu Yehai 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are a common congenital mass in the cervical region. As the traditional surgical approach for TGDC removal, the Sistrunk procedure, often leaves a visible neck scar, the demand for improved cosmetic outcomes has increased. Emerging endoscopy‐assisted approaches offer promise for addressing cosmetic concerns. We conducted a scoping review to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopy‐assisted TGDC surgery.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.MethodsElectronic databases were searched from their respective inception dates to January 2023. Data on surgical approach, patient demographics, surgical procedure, and postoperative outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.ResultsThe literature search yielded nine articles published between 2011 and 2022. Overall, 85 patients in these studies successfully underwent endoscopy‐assisted TGDC surgery using various approaches, including areolar, axillo‐breast, transoral‐vestibular, and transoral‐sublingual. The operative time varied across the studies, ranging from 50 to 480 min. TGDC sizes ranged from 1 to 3 cm in diameter. Complications, including infection, skin bruising, and dysarthria, were reported in seven patients (8%). No cases of conversion to open surgery or postoperative recurrences were reported.ConclusionEndoscopy‐assisted surgery is a potential alternative for patients seeking TGDC resection with satisfactory aesthetic results while ensuring safety. However, existing evidence is insufficient to support the superior effectiveness of endoscopy‐assisted TGDC surgery over the traditional Sistrunk procedure. Laryngoscope, 134:3038–3043, 2024
Assessment of a Novel Tool for the Clinical Grading of Nasal Septal Perforation
Authors: Miglani Amar , Rangel India , Smith Cody , Bansberg Stephen F. , Lal Devyani , Marino Michael J. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundNasal septal perforations (NSP) can have a heterogeneous appearance on endoscopic examination with varying degrees of crusting, inflammatory change, and associated septal deviation. The clinical applicability of these findings as contributors to patient symptoms may be enhanced by use of a standardized assessment.MethodsVideo nasal endoscopy recordings were obtained from 40 patients with NSP. Five raters with varied levels of training ranging from a senior resident to an experienced septal perforation surgeon independently reviewed the videos for the following exam findings: crusting, scarring, granulation tissue, septal deviation, and edema. Scoring for each item was reported on a 3‐point (0–2) scale, and each reviewer repeated scoring at a 14‐day interval. Interrater and intrarater agreement were calculated using Fleiss kappa for each item and the total scores. Additionally, endoscopy scores were correlated with patient‐reported NOSE‐Perf symptom scores.ResultsInterrater agreement for the overall instrument was in the “fair‐to‐moderate” range with the following interrater agreement for each item: crusting (0.458–0.575), scarring (0.286–0.308), granulation (0.403–0.406), deviation (0.487–0.494), and edema (0.253–0.406). Intrarater agreement was generally “substantial” for individual items as well as the overall instrument (0.688). The NSP endoscopy scores were moderately correlated with NOSE‐Perf scores (r = 0.44, p = 0.008).ConclusionsAn endoscopic evaluation of NSP comprising five exam findings has acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability and correlates with patient‐reported outcomes. NSP endoscopy may be applied to future clinical studies for characterization of NSP and assessment of treatment outcomes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3049–3053, 2024
A new efficient flow continuity lubrication model for the cylinder liner‐piston ring based on the locally oriented roughness
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bin , Liu De‐Liang , Xu Jiu‐Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe locally oriented roughness is a common feature of surface finished by a machining process, such as the surface of the cylinder liner, and may significantly influence lubrication characteristic. A homogenised transient Reynolds equation for the locally oriented roughness is derived. The Jacobsson–Floberg–Olsson (JFO) boundary conditions was implicitly incorporated into the transient Reynolds equation to ensure the mass flow conservation. On this foundation, a model for the transient lubrication in the cylinder liner‐piston ring considering the effects of the surface roughness and cavitation is established. Then, the results of model developed here are compared with those from the stochastic model by Patir and Cheng. and the effect of the direction of roughness on the lubrication properties is analysed. The homogenised transient Reynolds equation and the lubrication model developed here have great potential for understanding and optimising the transient lubrication considering the surface local roughness orientation, cavitation and starved lubrication.
The role of on‐demand delivery platform in competition between manufacturer and retailer
Authors: Cheng Yini , Duan Yongrui , Huo Jiazhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditional retailers can now partner with on‐demand delivery platforms to fulfill consumers' online orders to fight against manufacturers' direct channels. However, it is hard to say whether traditional retailers benefit from cooperating with such platforms due to market encroachment and high commission fees. We build a game‐theoretic model where the manufacturer could decide whether to introduce its direct channel, and the retailer could decide whether to cooperate with the on‐demand delivery platform. We show that when the platform adopts a reasonable pricing and service policy, the retailer can earn more profit when cooperating with the platform. When consumer acceptance of the manufacturer's direct channel is high, the manufacturer should strategically introduce its direct channel even when there are no sales. We also find that the introduction of the platform lowers the retail price at the offline channel, increasing the market's total demand, consumer surplus, and social welfare. The reason lies in the effect of intensifying downstream competition and satisfying the consumer's demand in more market segments.
Make‐or‐buy decisions in vertically differentiated input markets
Authors: Brito Duarte , Tselekounis Markos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the optimal regulatory policy when two qualitatively differentiated upstream inputs are available. We consider a setting where a vertically integrated incumbent invests in upgrading the quality of the basic upstream input it owns, whereas a rival entrant chooses between making its own upgraded input and buying either input from the incumbent at regulated prices. We show that each of the three options available for the entrant can be socially optimal, depending on the investment cost parameters. However, the socially optimal input pricing policy is quite unlikely to resolve the trade‐off between promoting welfare and encouraging investment in quality.
Quantitative at‐line monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis using benchtop diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: McCarney Evan R. , Kristoffersen Kenneth A. , Anderssen Kathryn E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBenchtop diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to perform quantitative monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis. The study aimed to test the feasibility of the technology to characterize enzymatic hydrolysis processes in real time. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) was used to measure the signal intensity and apparent self‐diffusion constant of solubilized protein in hydrolysate. The NMR technique was tested on an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of red cod, a lean white fish, by the endopeptidase alcalase at 50°C. Hydrolysate samples were manually transferred from the reaction vessel to the NMR equipment. Measurement time was approximately 3 min per time point. The signal intensity from the DOSY experiment was used to measure protein concentration and the apparent self‐diffusion constant was converted into an average molecular weight and an estimated degree of hydrolysis. These values were plotted as a function of time and both the rate of solubilization and the rate of protein breakdown could be calculated. In addition to being rapid and noninvasive, DOSY using benchtop NMR spectroscopy has an advantage compared with other enzymatic hydrolysis characterization methods as it gives a direct measure of average protein size; many functional properties of proteins are strongly influenced by protein size. Therefore, a method to give protein concentration and average size in real time will allow operators to more tightly control production from enzymatic hydrolysis. Although only one type of material was tested, it is anticipated that the method should be applicable to a broad variety of enzymatic hydrolysis feedstocks.
Quantum dipole interactions and transient hydrogen bond orientation order in cells, cellular membranes and myelin sheath: Implications for MRI signal relaxation, anisotropy, and T1 magnetic field dependence
Authors: Yablonskiy Dmitriy A. , Sukstanskii Alexander L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeDespite significant impact on the study of human brain, MRI lacks a theory of signal formation that integrates quantum interactions involving proton dipoles (a primary MRI signal source) with brain intricate cellular environment. The purpose of the present study is developing such a theory.MethodsWe introduce the Transient Hydrogen Bond (THB) model, where THB‐mediated quantum dipole interactions between water and protons of hydrophilic heads of amphipathic biomolecules forming cells, cellular membranes and myelin sheath serve as a major source of MR signal relaxation.ResultsThe THB theory predicts the existence of a hydrogen‐bond‐driven structural order of dipole–dipole connections within THBs as a primary factor for the anisotropy observed in MRI signal relaxation. We have also demonstrated that the conventional Lorentzian spectral density function decreases too fast at high frequencies to adequately capture the field dependence of brain MRI signal relaxation. To bridge this gap, we introduced a stretched spectral density function that surpasses the limitations of Lorentzian dispersion. In human brain, our findings reveal that at any time point only about 4% to 7% of water protons are engaged in quantum encounters within THBs. These ultra‐short (2 to 3 ns), but frequent quantum spin exchanges lead to gradual recovery of magnetization toward thermodynamic equilibrium, that is, relaxation of MRI signal.ConclusionBy incorporating quantum proton interactions involved in brain imaging, the THB approach introduces new insights on the complex relationship between brain tissue cellular structure and MRI measurements, thus offering a promising new tool for better understanding of brain microstructure in health and disease.
Characteristics and health risks of the inhalable fraction of metal additive manufacturing powders
Authors: Alijagic Andi , Wang Xuying , Vallabani Naga Vera Srikanth , Melin Pelle , Särndahl Eva , Karlsson Hanna L. , Odnevall Inger 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetal additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining traction but raises worker health concerns due to micron‐sized powders, including fine inhalable particles. This study explored particle and surface characteristics, electrochemical properties, metal release in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF), and potential toxicity of virgin and sieved virgin Fe‐based powders, stainless steel (316L), Fe, and two tooling steels. Virgin particles ranged in size from 1 to 100 µm, while sieved particles were within the respirable size range (<5–10 µm). Surface oxide composition differed from bulk composition. The Fe powder showed low corrosion resistance and high metal release due to a lack of protective surface oxide. Sieved particles of 316L, Fe, and one tooling steel released more metals into ALF than virgin particles, with the opposite was observed for the other tooling steel. Sieved particles had no notable impact on cell viability or micronuclei formation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Inflammatory response in human macrophages was generally low, except for the Fe powder and one tooling steel, which induced increased interleukin‐8 (IL‐8/CXCL‐8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL‐2) secretion. This study underscores distinctions between virgin and sieved Fe‐based powders and suggests relatively low acute toxicity.
Asenapine versus olanzapine for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Kimura Tomohiko , Kanai Akifumi , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yuichiro , Ara Masatomo , Inada Ken 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimPatients with cancer often experience nausea and vomiting (N/V), but may have difficulty using olanzapine (OLZ), a common antiemetic. Asenapine (ASE) is a multi‐acting receptor‐targeted antipsychotic like OLZ, although there is little evidence that ASE serves as an antiemetic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ASE compared to those of OLZ for the treatment of N/V in patients with cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study involved patients who received 5 mg ASE, 5 mg OLZ, or 2.5 mg OLZ for 2 days. Daily worst N/V was rated on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (very much). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had a response, defined as any reduction in N/V score. A complete response (CR) was defined as a score reduction to 0. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients with CR and adverse events.ResultsBetween April 2017 and March 2023, 212 patients were enrolled to receive treatment: 5 mg ASE (n = 34), 5 mg OLZ (n = 102), or 2.5 mg OLZ (n = 76). No significant differences in response rates (52.9% vs. 58.8% vs. 52.6%, p = 0.671) or secondary endpoints were observed between the groups. Patients receiving ASE were more likely to experience oral hypoesthesia (p = 0.004).ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that ASE may be effective for N/V. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Unveiling the microfoundations of philanthropic foundations: A call for comprehensive research of people and practices
Authors: Gartner Michele Fugiel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFocusing on the governance and leadership of philanthropic foundations has never been more important. In today's world, where societal changes are happening rapidly, and there is greater scrutiny of people and practices, it is crucial to go beyond viewing foundations solely as organizational entities. This response to the original paper highlights the unique independence of foundations and identifies the significant research gap in understanding their internal dynamics. To comprehend individual‐level decisions' impact on organizations, this response suggests adopting a microfoundations view. As part of this view, research should consider the variety of roles that influence foundations far beyond governance and internal leadership and how practices need to be both aspirational and implementable. Future research is urged to adopt an interest in the depth of foundations and their breadth across contexts and jurisdictions to generate a more nuanced and holistic understanding of these unique organizations and their roles in social change.
Effects of iron oxide and carbon nanotube contents on mechanical properties and shape memory behavior of biocompatible and biodegradable shape memory polymers
Authors: Kim Minseok , Kim Young Bin , Chun Heoung‐Jae 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe shape memory polymers (SMPs) is a potential alternative material for conventional shape memory alloys (SMAs) in various fields. Previous studies have focused on the application of SMPs materials as an alternative to SMAs. However, considering problems such as the poor mechanical properties, its application has been limited. This study developed a biodegradable, magnetically responsive SMPs material that can be used for medical implants with shape memory behavior under magnetic force and improved mechanical properties by adding nanoparticles. Moreover, effect of the added nanoparticle was investigated due to contents ratio. Nanocomposite was synthesized with polycaprolactone which has shape memory properties, Fe3O4 that generates heat under magnetic field, and carbon nanotubes with reinforcing effect. The morphology analysis confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of the Fe3O4/Carbon‐nanotubes (CNTs) in polymer matrix. The tensile test shows that tensile strength (14.9–17.6 MPa) increased when Fe3O4 (0–20 wt%) was included and that it did not increase significantly when CNTs (0–0.8 wt%) were included. The shape memory test result confirmed that developed composite had a shape memory under a magnetic field. It was confirmed that even if Fe3O4 was incorporated into polycaprolactone, did not lose its exothermic properties under magnetic field. The developed polymer showed high shape memory ratio (91%–98%) in all the nanoparticle content rates. With regard to biodegradability, weight loss occurred over time in the phosphate‐buffered saline solution. Therefore, the biocompatible, biodegradable, magnetic response shape memory polymer developed in this study might applied to various medical implant as advanced shape memory materials.