bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of conventional and high‐definition transcranial direct‐current stimulation of the motor cortex on implicit motor sequence learning
Authors: Firouzi Mahyar , Baetens Kris , Saeys Manon , Duta Catalina , Baeken Chris , Van Overwalle Frank , Swinnen Eva , Deroost Natacha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConventional transcranial direct‐current stimulation (tDCS) delivered to the primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to enhance implicit motor sequence learning (IMSL). Conventional tDCS targets M1 but also the motor association cortices (MAC), making the precise contribution of these areas to IMSL presently unclear. We aimed to address this issue by comparing conventional tDCS of M1 and MAC to 4 * 1 high‐definition (HD) tDCS, which more focally targets M1. In this mixed‐factorial, sham‐controlled, crossover study in 89 healthy young adults, we used mixed‐effects models to analyse sequence‐specific and general learning effects in the acquisition and short‐ and long‐term consolidation phases of IMSL, as measured by the serial reaction time task. Conventional tDCS did not influence general learning, improved sequence‐specific learning during acquisition (anodal: M = 42.64 ms, sham: M = 32.87 ms, p = .041), and seemingly deteriorated it at long‐term consolidation (anodal: M = 75.37 ms, sham: M = 86.63 ms, p = .019). HD tDCS did not influence general learning, slowed performance specifically in sequential blocks across all learning phases (all p's < .050), and consequently deteriorated sequence‐specific learning during acquisition (anodal: M = 24.13 ms, sham: M = 35.67 ms, p = .014) and long‐term consolidation (anodal: M = 60.03 ms, sham: M = 75.01 ms, p = .002). Our findings indicate that the observed superior conventional tDCS effects on IMSL are possibly attributable to a generalized stimulation of M1 and/or adjacent MAC, rather than M1 alone. Alternatively, the differential effects can be attributed to cathodal inhibition of other cortical areas involved in IMSL by the 4 * 1 HD tDCS return electrodes, and/or more variable electric field strengths induced by HD tDCS, compared with conventional tDCS.
Diversity of Asian skin: A review on skin biophysical properties
Authors: Goh Choon Fu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAsian is home to dozens of different ethnic groups that are characterised by fascinating social and cultural variations. Unfortunately, existing literature on the skin properties of Asians tends to group this diverse population solely based on skin colour, perpetuating the misconception and stereotype that all Asian skin is the same. While Asia is one of the largest continents in the world, the difference in the geographical location and climate have long shaped the population into various ethnic groups with significant differences in the collective and diverse customs, traditions, cultures and living habits. The diverse ethnic groups in this region hint us that their skin biophysical characteristics can be very different from each other. This review features the profiling of the distinctive skin biophysical properties of Asians. We learn more about the different ethnic groups in Asia and acknowledge the unique skin biophysical properties even from the same country.
Predictors for the effectiveness of 75 mg risankizumab in treating psoriasis—A real‐word evidence from a 52‐week retrospective study
Authors: Hsieh Chang‐Yu , Tseng Yu‐Hsian , Tsai Tsen‐Fang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the registration trial of risankizumab for patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis in Japan, similar Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) responses were observed for 75 mg or 150 mg risankizumab at most time points up to 52 weeks, except for PASI 100 at week 16. The use of 75 mg risankizumab offers an attractive option considering the high cost of risankizumab. However, it is unknown whether patients with mild‐to‐moderate psoriasis respond similarly, and the efficacy data of non‐Japanese patients is also lacking. We retrospectively included 30 consecutive Chinese patients receiving half‐dose (75 mg) risankizumab as scheduled up to 52 weeks. Compared with biologic‐experienced group, biologic‐naive group had a significantly higher PASI 50/75/90/100 achievement (p = 0.0098/0.0039/0.0016/0.0054) at week 52. PASI 50/75/90/100 curves in biologic‐naive group (p = 0.0117/0.0239/0.0143/0.0269) were also significantly higher when analysed generalized estimating equations (GEE) model. Though there was no statistically significant difference in terms of PASI 50/75/90/100 responses at any time points between those with body weight ≦ 65 kg and those >65 kg, a tendency of secondary failure was noted in those >65 kg from week 40 onwards. Patients who were both biologic‐naive and weighed ≦ 65 kg achieved sustained PASI 50/75/90 responses from week 16/28/40 onwards, respectively, indicating that they could be considered as potential candidates for 75 mg risankizumab. Though PASI 75 curve in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) surpassed that in patient without DM, curves of other parameters did not reach significance when analysed by GEE model. There was no HBV, HCV or TB reactivation, nor other new safety signals during the 52‐week observational period. Providing risankizumab with flexible dosing options is beneficial in clinical practice considering the high cost of this medication.
Analgesic switching in chronic users of dextropropoxyphene in France
Authors: Daveluy Amélie , Bryan Michael Charles , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Lassalle Régis , Lacueille Clémentine , Grelaud Angela , Floccia Marie , Haramburu Françoise , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Micallef Joëlle , Salvo Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe combination dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol (DXP/P) was the most prescribed opioid analgesic until its withdrawal in 2011.ObjectivesThis study investigated dispensations of analgesics in chronic users of DXP/P during the 18 months following its withdrawal.MethodsA cross‐sectional study repeated yearly was conducted by using the French reimbursement database from 2006 to 2015. Chronic DXP/P users were defined as patients who received at least 40 boxes of DXP/P in the year prior to withdrawal. Data on analgesic dispensing were analyzed at DXP/P withdrawal (T0) and then every 6 months for 18 months.ResultsA total of 63 671 subjects had a DXP/P reimbursement in the year prior to its discontinuation, of whom 7.1% were identified as chronic users (mean age: 71.5 years, women: 68.7%). Among the patients taking DXP/P alone at T0 (74.6%), one fourth switched to a peripheral analgesic, one fourth to a combination of peripheral analgesic/opioid, one fourth to another opioid, and the others mainly discontinued their treatment (14.1%) or died. During the following 12 months, most of the subjects taking only peripheral analgesics continued this treatment, while half of the subjects with a combination of opioid/peripheral analgesic or taking only an analgesic remained on this type of treatment.ConclusionEighteen months after DXP/P withdrawal, more than 10% of patients stopped taking an analgesic. Vigilance is required regarding any change in analgesics by regularly reassessing patients' pain and, in the case of opioid treatments, by monitoring the risk of use disorders.
Convolutional neural network for risk assessment in polycrystalline alloy structures via ultrasonic testing
Authors: Alqahtani Hassan , Ray Asok 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the current state of the art of process industries/manufacturing technologies, computer‐instrumented and computer‐controlled autonomous techniques are necessary for damage diagnosis and prognosis in operating machinery. From this perspective, the paper addresses the issue of fatigue damage that is one of the most encountered sources of degradation in polycrystalline‐alloy structures of machinery components. In this paper, the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are applied to synergistic combinations of ultrasonic measurements and images from a confocal microscope (Alicona) to detect and evaluate the risk of fatigue damage. The database of the Alicona has been used to calibrate the ultrasonic database and to provide the ground truth for fatigue damage assessment. The results show that both the ultrasonic data and Alicona images are capable of classifying the fatigue damage into their respective classes with considerably high accuracy. However, the ultrasonic CNN model yields better accuracy than the Alicona CNN model by almost 9%.
Career decision‐making among Chinese doctoral engineering graduates after studying in the United States
Authors: Huang Qian , Jung Jisun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow does studying in the United States affect Chinese doctoral engineering graduates' career decisions? The present study is based on semi‐structured interviews with 16 Chinese engineering graduates who completed their doctorates in the United States, focusing on two critical aspects of their career decisions: returning to China and pursuing academic careers. First, the findings categorise Chinese doctoral engineering graduates into four types based on intention to return to China: fresh returnees, advanced returnees, hesitant stayers and resolute stayers. Second, the findings describe the reasons why they pursued academic or non‐academic careers. In particular, the study explores how the graduates' learning experiences during their doctoral study in the United States affected them in terms of the research field, industry experiences, information gained and expectations about working conditions. In the decision process, it was important for doctoral students to adopt positive and open attitudes and exercise self‐agency to identify the most appropriate directions for their careers. The study has contributions to the agency theory in career decision‐making and social implications for international doctoral students to navigate the career decision process after completing doctoral programmes abroad.
A conceptual model using CliftonStrengths® to support dental hygiene students' professional development
Authors: Bono Leciel , Gurenlian JoAnn , August Jessica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeProfessional development is instrumental in the ongoing success of healthcare professionals and students. The purpose of the second year of this 2‐year study was to continue to apply the results from the CliftonStrengths® assessment to support entry‐level dental hygiene students' professional development and to create a conceptual model for professional development in dental hygiene education.MethodsCliftonStrengths® was incorporated into didactic and community learning experiences throughout year two of the dental hygiene curriculum. At the end of year two, focus group interviews assessed student perceptions of professional strengths based on these learning experiences. Co‐investigators used a qualitative analysis software program to identify codes and themes. Investigator triangulation and member checks were used to validate responses.ResultsAll second‐year dental hygiene students (n = 32) participated in year two of the study. Two themes were identified: relevance of CliftonStrengths® and professional development. Within the theme of relevance, the subthemes of adaptability, making connections and teamwork emerged. The theme of professional development yielded three subthemes: appreciation, personal and professional identity and insight.ConclusionThis study demonstrated CliftonStrengths® can be used to promote professional development among dental hygiene students. As a result, a conceptual model was developed for professional development in dental hygiene education. This model can be used as a framework for teaching and to improve student learning experiences.
Transcriptome analysis of Apis mellifera antennae reveals molecular divergence underlying the division of labour in worker bees
Authors: Liu Bairu , Xu Yicong , Zhang Weixing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe olfactory system plays a fundamental role in mediating insect behaviour. Worker bees exhibit an age‐dependent division of labour, performing discrete sets of behaviours throughout their lifespan. The behavioural states of bees rely on their sense of the environment and chemical communication via their olfactory system, the antennae. However, the olfactory adaptation mechanism of worker bees during their behavioural development remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of antennal gene expression in the Apis mellifera of newly emerged workers, nurses, foragers and defenders using RNA‐seq. We found that the antenna tissues of honey bees continued developing after transformation from newly emerged workers to adults. Additionally, we identified differentially expressed genes associated with bee development and division of labour. We validated that major royal jelly protein genes are highly and specifically expressed in nurse honey bee workers. Furthermore, we identified and validated significant alternative splicing events correlated with the development and division of labour. These findings provide a comprehensive transcriptome profile and a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms that may underlie the worker honey bee division of labour.
A 4‐week randomized controlled trial evaluating plaque and gingivitis effects of an electric toothbrush in a paediatric population
Authors: Davidovich Esti , Ccahuana‐Vasquez Renzo A. , Grender Julie , Timm Hans , Gonen Hila , Zini Avi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew extended studies have explored oscillating–rotating (O–R) toothbrush efficacy in young children.AimTo compare the efficacy between O–R and manual toothbrushes in reducing plaque and gingivitis after 4 weeks in children.DesignThis was a randomized, parallel‐group, examiner‐blind, clinical trial. In two 50‐subject cohorts (3–6 years, primary dentition, parental brushing; 7–10 years, mixed dentition, self‐brushing), subjects used Oral‐BKidsO–R toothbrush per manufacturer's instructions or Paro Junior manual toothbrush in a customary manner. Plaque and Modified Gingival Index (MGI; primary variable) scores were assessed at baseline and Week 4 for all subjects and within each age group.ResultsBoth toothbrushes significantly reduced whole mouth and posterior plaque and MGI versus baseline (p < .001). Combined groups: O–R showed greater plaque and MGI reductions versus manual for all measures (p ≤ .003). Three‐ to 6‐year‐olds: O–R demonstrated significantly (p < .032) greater whole‐mouth (55.7%) and posterior (34.3%) plaque reductions at Week 4 versus manual. Seven‐ to 10‐year‐olds: O–R showed significantly (p < .001) greater whole‐mouth (94.5%) and posterior (108.4%) plaque reductions and greater (p ≤ .016) whole‐mouth (14.1%) and posterior (18.8%) MGI reductions versus manual. There were no adverse events.ConclusionThe O–R toothbrush, used per manufacturer's instructions, reduced plaque and gingivitis better than a manual toothbrush used in a customary manner among children.
Ratio of waist circumference to body mass index: A novel predictor of clinical outcome in hypertension patients
Authors: Wang Yi‐Han , Hua Yang , Zhang Heng‐Zhi , Liang Shuo , Cao Ze‐Zhong , Chen Lu‐Lu , Su Zhen‐Yang , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe aim to investigate the influence of waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) on all‐cause death and cardiovascular‐specific death in patients with hypertension. This prospective cohort study, based on waist circumference and body mass index measurements in patients with hypertension, provided risk estimates of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular events. The waist circumference‐to‐BMI ratio (WtBR) is an anthropometric measure integrating waist circumference and BMI. We utilized multivariable Cox regression analysis, restricted cubic spline model, Kaplan‐Meier plot, random forest analysis, and sensitivity analysis to assess the relationship of WtBR with all‐cause mortality. Subsequently, Fine‐Gray competing risk regression models were applied to precisely evaluate the probability of cardiovascular‐specific death attributed to high WtBR. The results indicate that thea deceased group showed significantly higher WtBR and lower BMI compared with the alive groups (P < .05), while no significant difference was observed in waist circumference (P = .373). When analyzed as continuous, the risk of all‐cause death elevated with increasing WtBR in the adjusted model with an HR of 2.42 (95% CI, 2.06‐2.85). The restricted cubic spline illustrated an elevated risk of all‐cause mortality as WtBR increased (J‐shaped curve). Nevertheless, WtBR showed no significant association with cardiovascular‐specific death and the prediction model exhibited a reliable performance in the testing set. This study supported that WtBR, an anthropometric measure, is independently associated with all‐cause death in hypertensive patients. It's advisable to routinely assess waist circumference in hypertensive patients regardless of BMI, in order to more effectively manage the risk of obesity‐related health.
The availability, price, and characteristics of low sodium salt based on an online salt market survey in China: Implications for scaling up its use
Authors: Meng Dejing , Cobb Laura K. , Ide Nicole , Ge Zeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLow sodium salt (LSS) is an effective way to reduce the primary source of sodium from home cooking. To investigate the availability, price and characteristics of LSS, price gap between LSS and regular salt, and the potential size of subsidy needed to equalize the price of LSS and regular salt. A market survey of salts was conducted using two major online shopping sites JD and Taobao from November to December 2022. Of 360 salts, 76 (21.1%) are LSS and 284 (78.9%) are regular salt. The average proportion of potassium chloride is low (16.8%), and half of the brands contain less than 15% and only 6.6% contains ≥25%. The mean price of LSS is slightly but not significantly higher than that of regular salts (1.82 versus 1.67 yuan/100 g, p = .07). In the lowest quartile by price, the cost of LSS is significantly higher than regular salts (difference 0.13, p = .0048). Further, when comparing the lowest price LSS to the lowest price regular since within the same brand, the mean price LSS is 2.11‐fold that of the regular salt (1.66 versus 0.79 yuan/100 g, p < .05). The price of iodized LSS is also significantly higher than that of iodized regular salt (1.86 verse 1.44 yuan/100 g, p = .044). An annual subsidy based on the difference in price in the first quartile would cost 4.75 yuan per capita. A variety of LSS are available in China's salt market.
Upadacitinib treatment in a real‐world difficult‐to‐treat atopic dermatitis patient cohort
Authors: Schlösser Anne R. , Boeijink Neill , Olydam Jill , Nijsten Tamar E. C. , Hijnen DirkJan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundUpadacitinib was the first JAK‐1 selective inhibitor registered for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Although efficacy and safety have been shown in clinical trials, real‐world data on the use of upadacitinib in patients that have been treated with other immunosuppressants and targeted therapies is limited.ObjectivesTo provide real‐world evidence on the use of upadacitinib treatment in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis.MethodsIn this prospective observational single‐centre study, all AD patients treated with upadacitinib treatment in the context of standard care were included between August 2021 and September 2022. Clinical outcome measures and adverse events (AEs) were analysed.ResultsForty‐eight patients were included. The majority (n = 39; 81%) had failed (ineffectiveness) on other targeted therapies, including other JAK inhibitors and biologics. Thirty‐four (71%) patients were still using upadacitinib treatment at last follow up (median duration 46.5 weeks). Fourteen (29%) patients discontinued treatment due to ineffectiveness or AE. Upadacitinib treatment led to a significant decrease of disease severity during a median follow up of 37.5 weeks. Median IGA at baseline decreased from 3 (IQR 2–3) to 1.5 (IQR 1–2) at last review (p < 0.001). Median NRS itch decreased from 7 (IQR 5–8) at baseline to 2.25 (IQR 0.25–6.5) at last review (p < 0.001). Three patients discontinued treatment due to AE. Forty‐eight AEs were reported, including acne‐like eruptions (25%), nausea (13%) and respiratory tract infections (10%).ConclusionsIn this real‐world cohort, we confirmed that upadacitinib is an effective treatment in a subset of AD patients that have failed several previous systemic immunosuppressive and biologic treatments. Overall, AE were mostly well tolerated and not a reason to discontinue treatment for most patients.
Real‐time detection of Angelica dahurica tablet using YOLOX_am
Authors: Qin Zheng , Li Xinying , Yan Lei , Cheng Pengle , Huang Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the production of Angelica dahurica tablet (ADT), the manual sorting approach often leads to inefficiency, inconsistent standards, and subjective grading results. The traditional machine vision‐based sorting method, while helping to reduce the demand for labor in factories, suffers from problems such as incomplete contour detection and poor classification of dahurica tablets. To address the above problems, this paper proposes YOLOX_am, a novel deep learning‐based network that combines the fast detection ability of YOLOX and the feature weighting ability of the attention mechanism. In addition, a real‐time sorting system for dahurica tablets is also built and YOLOX_am is deployed in it. The experimental results show that the mAP of ADT's detection using the proposed model reaches 83.53%, which outperforms the original network YOLOX by 4.88%. Moreover, the detection speed of YOLOX_am reaches 1390 ms per image, which meets the requirement of real‐time sorting. Therefore, the combination of YOLOX and the attention mechanism is feasible and effective. YOLOX_am is both fast and accurate for ADT's detection and can be deployed in the sorting system to meet actual production needs.Practical applicationsThe traditional classification of defects in herbal tablets mainly relies on manual detection. This paper introduces a deep learning method into the sorting of herbal tablets. To solve the problem of subtle differentiation of tablets' defects, a neural network structure that can quickly and accurately detect small defective samples is proposed. This network has been applied to practical production and achieved high effectiveness.
Neither individualism nor anti‐individualism: The coevolution of social systems and psychic systems
Authors: Guy Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMajor paradigms in sociology and social sciences usually embrace either individualism or anti‐individualism as fundamental worldview. This paper explores a third way between individualism and anti‐individualism developed by German sociologist Niklas Luhmann in his systems theory. Luhmann treats actors or individuals as psychic systems and he distinguishes them from social systems. In a nutshell, social systems produce communication, whereas psychic systems produce consciousness. In line with anti‐individualism, Luhmann therefore argues that social systems are irreducible to psychic systems and their actions. On the other hand, Luhmann joins ranks with individualism to assert that psychic systems are not rigorously constrained by social systems. Ultimately, Luhmann explains that social systems and psychic systems are part of each other's environment and that each type of systems provides the ecological conditions that the other type depends on to emerge and grow. To discuss this third way between individualism and anti‐individualism, the paper examines more specifically two central points in Luhmann's theory: (1) how social systems and psychic systems are separated from each other, and (2) how social systems and psychic systems are coevolving.