bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint effects between cadmium exposure and dietary antioxidant quality score on osteoporosis and bone mineral density
Authors: Lang Huifang , Li Hongmei , Zhang Aixian , Li Na 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo explore the relationship between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and Cd exposure both alone and in combination with osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal women. In total, 4920 postmenopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this cross-sectional study. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the association between DAQS and Cd exposure with femur neck BMD, total femur BMD, osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, respectively, and the coexistence effect of DAQS and Cd exposure. Four hundred and ninety-nine had osteoporosis. DAQS (OR = 0·86, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·97) and high DAQS (OR = 0·60, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·99) were found to be associated with decreased odds of osteoporosis, while Cd exposure (OR = 1·34, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·72) and high Cd exposure (OR = 1·45, 95 % CI 1·02, 2·06) were related to increased odds of osteoporosis. A positive correlation was observed between high DAQS and both total femur BMD and femur neck BMD. Conversely, Cd exposure was found to be negatively correlated with total femur BMD and femur neck BMD. Additionally, taking low-Cd and high-quality DAQS group as reference, the joint effect of Cd exposure and DAQS showed greater increased odds of osteoporosis and decreased total femur BMD and femur neck BMD as Cd level and DAQS combinations worsened. There may be an interaction between Cd exposure and DAQS for femur neck BMD, total femur BMD, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Credit Default Swaps and Firm Cyclicality
Authors: Norden Lars , Yin Chao , Zhao Lei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We find firm cyclicality decreases by 40% after the inception of credit default swap (CDS) trading. The effect stems from CDS firms’ less aggressive asset growth in good times and is stronger for firms facing a more severe empty creditor problem. Important identification issues are addressed. The result cannot be explained with debt overhang, bank lending cyclicality, or the cyclicality of firms’ business fundamentals. It holds for the cyclicality of various corporate outcomes (inventories, cash, and employment). Importantly, CDS trading impedes unhealthy growth and enhances profitability and firm value. Our finding indicates an important positive real effect of financial innovation.
Evaluation of food purchasing in the Brazilian School Feeding Programme: feasibility of the requirements and recommendations
Authors: Azevedo Ana Beatriz Coelho de , Bandoni Daniel Henrique , Amorim Ana Laura Benevenuto de , Canella Daniela Silva 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:To analyse the purchase of food for school feeding, according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing and variety, exploring the feasibility of achieving the requirements and recommendations of the Brazilian School Feeding Programme, and the variety of unprocessed or minimally processed foods according to the purchase of ultra-processed foods.Design:Secondary data from 2016 from the Accountability Management System of the National Fund for Educational Development, concerning the food items purchased, were used to explore the feasibility of the requirements and recommendations. The foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification system. Variety was assessed by counting different types of unprocessed or minimally processed foods.Setting:Brazil.Participants:3698 Brazilian municipalities.Results:Energy share from unprocessed or minimally processed foods was 44·1 % while that of ultra-processed foods was 29·9 %. The average of unprocessed or minimally processed food types purchased annually was 33·8 items. Of the municipalities, 35·8 % were within the limit established for the expenditure of funds for the purchase of processed and ultra-processed foods, while 8·7 % followed the recommendation for variety. The proportion of ultra-processed foods did not influence the variety of food items purchased.Conclusions:The results showed the feasibility of achieving the requirements and recommendations and underscored the importance of continued efforts to promote the inclusion of unprocessed or minimally processed foods in the school feeding programme while addressing the challenges associated with expenditure limits of processed and ultra-processed foods and enhancing variety, which is strategic to promote adequate and healthy meals.
Development and internal validation of the SMILE-FSS: a Free Sugars Screener for Australian children aged 2 and 5 years
Authors: Bell Lucinda K , Leemaqz Shalem , Devenish-Coleman Gemma , Do Loc G , Ha Diep , Scott Jane A , Golley Rebecca K 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:To develop and internally validate a Free Sugars Screener (FSS) for Australian children aged 2 and 5 years.Design:Using data collected from a ninety-nine-item (2-year-olds) and ninety-eight-item (5-year-olds) FFQ in the Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events affecting oral health (SMILE-FFQ), a regression-based prediction modelling approach was employed to identify a subset of items that accurately estimate total free sugars intake (FSI). The predictors were grams of free sugars (FSg) for individual items in the SMILE-FFQ and child’s age and sex. The outcome variable was total FSI per person. To internally validate the SMILE-FSS items, the estimated FSg was converted to percent energy from free sugars (%EFS) for comparison to the WHO free sugars guideline categories (< 5 %, 5–< 10 % and ≥ 10 %EFS) using cross-classification analysis.Setting:Australia.Participants:858 and 652 2- and 5-year-old children, respectively, with complete dietary (< 5 % missing) and sociodemographic data.Results:Twenty-two and twenty-six items were important in predicting FSI at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Items were similar between ages with more discretionary beverage items (e.g. sugar-sweetened beverages) at 5 years. %EFS was overestimated by 4·4 % and 2·6 %. Most children (75 % and 82 %) were categorised into the same WHO free sugars category with most (87 % and 95 %) correctly identified as having < 10 %EFS in line with the WHO recommendation.Conclusions:The SMILE-FSS has good internal validity and can be used in research and practice to estimate young Australian children’s FSI and compare to the WHO free sugars guidelines to identify those ‘at risk’.
Prevalence of Deformation‐Scale Surface Currents
Authors: Palóczy A. , LaCasce J. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the transport of large ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, has been of interest since the early days of oceanography. There has been less attention on the widths of the currents, although there exist several theoretical predictions. We present a census of time‐averaged jet profiles, using in situ and satellite data. The jets are typically asymmetrical, being narrower on the side with weaker stratification. The half‐widths Lj are correlated with the local deformation radius Ld associated with the first surface mode on either side. The dependence of Lj on Ld is predicted by simple shallow water geostrophic adjustment models, with or without outcropping layers. This implies that potential vorticity is well‐mixed adjacent to the jets, due most likely to mesoscale eddies. The findings suggest that surface jet widths are determined locally, by eddy‐mean flow interactions.
Effects of Mixing at Pore Intersections on Large‐Scale Dissolution Patterns and Solute Transport
Authors: Sharma Rishabh P. , Deng Jingxuan , Kang Peter K. , Szymczak Piotr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe flow‐induced dissolution of porous rocks governs many important subsurface processes and applications. Solute mixing, which determines pore‐scale concentration fields, is a key process that affects dissolution. Despite its importance, the effects of pore‐scale mixing on large‐scale dissolution patterns have not been investigated. Here, we use a pore network model to elucidate the mixing effects on macroscopic dissolution patterns and solute transport. We consider two mixing rules at pore intersections that represent two end members in terms of the mixing intensity. We observe that the mixing effect on dissolution is the strongest at moderate Damköhler number, when the reactive and advective time scales are comparable. This is the regime where wormholes spontaneously appear. Incomplete mixing is shown to enhance flow focusing at the tips of the dissolution channels, which results in thinner wormholes and shorter breakthrough times. These effects on passive solute transport are evident independent of initial network heterogeneity.
Diverse Ionospheric Disturbances by the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption Observed by a Dense GNSS Array in New Zealand
Authors: Muafiry Ihsan Naufal , Wijaya Dudy D. , Meilano Irwan , Heki Kosuke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing a network of global navigation satellite systems receivers in New Zealand, located 2,000–3,300 km southwest of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcano, we found at least three different kinds of ionospheric disturbances from changes in total electron contents (TEC). Ionospheric signatures of the near‐field acoustic wave propagating ∼0.8 km/s were not clear in New Zealand due possibly to large geometric decay. The first disturbance emerged ∼1 hr after the eruption and traveled toward southwest with a speed of ∼0.6 km/s. This, together with the subsequent disturbance propagating by ∼0.4 km/s, suggests its link to the ahead‐of‐tsunami ionospheric disturbance, excited by the Lamb wave and subsequent tsunamis traveling in the Pacific Ocean. The second disturbance started ∼2 hr after the eruption as tens of waves with periods 10–15 min propagating by ∼0.3 km/s, possibly internal gravity waves (IGW) excited by the passages of the Lamb wave. Such IGW wave trains continued until ∼10 hr after the eruption. The Lamb wave traveled round the earth, and its second and third passages disturbed the ionosphere in New Zealand on the next day as similar IGW wave trains following the Lamb wave. The third disturbance occurred as an enhancement of the harmonic oscillation of TEC with frequency of ∼3.7 mHz, ∼14 hr after the eruption. This might be an atmospheric mode excited by the eruption, but its propagation and sudden activation remain unexplained.
Urbanization Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Extremes‐Inferences From Observations and Convection‐Permitting Model Experiments Over South China
Authors: Hu Chenxi , Tam Chi‐Yung , Loi Chi Lok , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Li Yubin , Yang Zong‐Liang , Au‐Yeung Yee Man , Fang Xiaoyi , Niyogi Dev 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow urbanization affects tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall is inferred from station observations over the Great Bay Area (GBA, located on the South China coast) and numerical model experiments. Observations from 41 TCs indicate that surface wind is noticeably weaker in urban compared to rural stations during TC passages, while the urban heat island effect is considerably suppressed. Extreme (99th percentile of) hourly rainfall for these TC events during 2008–2017 is more intense over urban compared to rural stations. For eight selected TC cases, dynamical downscaling was carried out using the convection‐resolving Weather Research and Forecasting model, each with three parallel experiments: “Nourban” in which the urban area was replaced by cropland; “AH0” (“AH300”) in which the diurnal maximum anthropogenic heat (AH) was set to 0 (300 W/m2) in city locations. Both AH0 and AH300 show a significant increase in urban hourly rainfall intensity and probability in all ranges (most obvious for heavy rainfall >40 mm/hr), over the GBA mega‐city. Further diagnosis indicates increased moisture flux convergence in urban areas over a 2‐day period during the landfall, contributes to increased rainfall, likely induced by the surface roughness. The influence of AH, however, is found to be insignificant. The increase in accumulated rainfall due to urbanization is proportional to the storm residence time over the city, implying greater rainfall exacerbation for slower or larger TCs. Overall, urbanization intensifies extreme TC rainfall over the coastal GBA mega‐city mainly due to surface frictional convergence, with stronger intensification for storms residing longer over the city.
Decadal Variations in the Summer Precipitation Over Eastern China Associated With Spring Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Qian Danwei , Huang Yanyan , Li Huixin , Zhou Botao , Yin Zhicong , Wang Huijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the contribution of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) on decadal variations of the dominant mode of summer precipitation over eastern China during 1981–2020. The spatial pattern of leading empirical orthogonal function mode has changed from a dipole pattern with negative anomalies over Jianghuai Valley and positive anomalies over southern China during 1981–2001 to the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) pattern during 2002–2020. Spring SIC over Kara Sea was significantly related to the dipole pattern, through influencing Eurasian snow depth. The associated anomalous temperature gradient and atmospheric circulation affected the meridional displacement of the East Asian subtropical jet, which favored the dipole pattern of summer precipitation. For the YRV pattern, spring SIC over Greenland Sea has an impact on the sea surface temperature anomalies in the western Pacific by triggering a wave train that influenced the precipitation through the establishment of the Pacific–Japan pattern. The results of this study may provide reference value for the prediction of summer precipitation over eastern China.
Is Parental Control over Children's Eating Associated with Childhood Obesity? Results from a Population‐Based Sample of Third Graders
Authors: Robinson Thomas N. , Kiernan Michaela , Matheson Donna M. , Haydel K. Farish 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:Identifying parental behaviors that influence childhood obesity is critical for the development of effective prevention and treatment programs. Findings from a prior laboratory study suggest that parents who impose control over their children's eating may interfere with their children's ability to regulate intake, potentially resulting in overweight. These findings have been widely endorsed; however, the direct relationship between parental control of children's intake and their children's degree of overweight has not been shown in a generalized sample.Research Methods and Procedures:This study surveyed 792 third‐grade children with diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds from 13 public elementary schools. Parental control over children's intake was assessed through telephone interviews using a state‐of‐the‐art instrument, and children were measured for height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness.Results:Counter to the hypothesis, parental control over children's intake was inversely associated with overweight in girls, as measured by body mass index,r= −0.12,p< 0.05, and triceps skinfolds,r= −0.11,p< 0.05. This weak relationship became only marginally significant when controlling for parents’ perceptions of their own weight, level of household education, and children's age. No relationship between parental control of children's intake and their children's degree of overweight was found in boys.Discussion:Previous observations of the influence of parental control over children's intake in middle‐class white families did not generalize to 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds in families with diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. The present findings reveal a more complex relationship between parental behaviors and children's weight status.
eQTL colocalization analysis highlights novel susceptibility genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Authors: Dominguez-Alonso S. , Carracedo A. , Rodriguez-Fontenla C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, repetitive behavior, and restricted interests. ASD has proven to have a strong genetic component. However, defining causal genes is still one of the main challenges in GWAS, since the vast majority (>90%) of detected signals lie within the non-coding genome. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) colocalization analysis determines whether a specific variant is responsible for both a local eQTL and GWAS association and has helped leverage data and rendering gene discovery for a wide array of diseases. Here we further mine the largest ASD GWAS performed to date (18,381 cases and 27,969 controls) altogether with GWAS summary statistics from the main PGC studies (Schizophrenia, MD (Major Depression) and ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)), by using eQTpLot, a newly developed tool that illustrates the colocalization of GWAS and eQTL signals in a locus, and the enrichment of and correlation between the candidate gene eQTLs and trait-significant variants. This analysis points up 8 genes with a significant eQTL colocalization signal in ASD (CRHR1, KANSL1, MANBA, MAPT, MMP12, NKX2-2, PTPRE and WNT3) and one gene (SRPK2) with a marginally significant colocalization signal (r = 0.69, p < 1 × 10−6), and specifically highlights the potentially causal role of MAPT (r = 0.76, p < 1 × 10−6), NKX2-2 (r = 0.71, p-value = 2.26−02) and PTPRE (r = 0.97, p-value = 2.63−04) when restricting the analysis to brain tissue.
Synthetic control of correlated disorder in UiO-66 frameworks
Authors: Tatay Sergio , Martínez-Giménez Sonia , Rubio-Gaspar Ana , Gómez-Oliveira Eloy , Castells-Gil Javier , Dong Zhuoya , Mayoral Álvaro , Almora-Barrios Neyvis , M. Padial Natalia , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChanging the perception of defects as imperfections in crystalline frameworks into correlated domains amenable to chemical control and targeted design might offer opportunities for the design of porous materials with superior performance or distinctive behavior in catalysis, separation, storage, or guest recognition. From a chemical standpoint, the establishment of synthetic protocols adapted to control the generation and growth of correlated disorder is crucial to consider defect engineering a practicable route towards adjusting framework function. By using UiO-66 as experimental platform, we systematically explored the framework chemical space of the corresponding defective materials. Periodic disorder arising from controlled generation and growth of missing cluster vacancies can be chemically controlled by the relative concentration of linker and modulator, which has been used to isolate a crystallographically pure “disordered” reo phase. Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to proof the coexistence of correlated domains of missing linker and cluster vacancies, whose relative sizes are fixed by the linker concentration. The relative distribution of correlated disorder in the porosity and catalytic activity of the material reveals that, contrarily to the common belief, surpassing a certain defect concentration threshold can have a detrimental effect.
Cryo-EM structure of human O-GlcNAcylation enzyme pair OGT-OGA complex
Authors: Lu Ping , Liu Yusong , He Maozhou , Cao Ting , Yang Mengquan , Qi Shutao , Yu Hongtao , Gao Haishan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractO-GlcNAcylation is a conserved post-translational modification that attaches N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) to myriad cellular proteins. In response to nutritional and hormonal signals, O-GlcNAcylation regulates diverse cellular processes by modulating the stability, structure, and function of target proteins. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. A single pair of enzymes, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), catalyzes the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc on over 3,000 proteins in the human proteome. However, how OGT selects its native substrates and maintains the homeostatic control of O-GlcNAcylation of so many substrates against OGA is not fully understood. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human OGT and the OGT-OGA complex. Our studies reveal that OGT forms a functionally important scissor-shaped dimer. Within the OGT-OGA complex structure, a long flexible OGA segment occupies the extended substrate-binding groove of OGT and positions a serine for O-GlcNAcylation, thus preventing OGT from modifying other substrates. Conversely, OGT disrupts the functional dimerization of OGA and occludes its active site, resulting in the blocking of access by other substrates. This mutual inhibition between OGT and OGA may limit the futile O-GlcNAcylation cycles and help to maintain O-GlcNAc homeostasis.
Genome-wide association analysis of plasma lipidome identifies 495 genetic associations
Authors: Ottensmann Linda , Tabassum Rubina , Ruotsalainen Sanni E. , Gerl Mathias J. , Klose Christian , Widén Elisabeth ,   FinnGen, Simons Kai , Ripatti Samuli , Pirinen Matti 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe human plasma lipidome captures risk for cardiometabolic diseases. To discover new lipid-associated variants and understand the link between lipid species and cardiometabolic disorders, we perform univariate and multivariate genome-wide analyses of 179 lipid species in 7174 Finnish individuals. We fine-map the associated loci, prioritize genes, and examine their disease links in 377,277 FinnGen participants. We identify 495 genome-trait associations in 56 genetic loci including 8 novel loci, with a considerable boost provided by the multivariate analysis. For 26 loci, fine-mapping identifies variants with a high causal probability, including 14 coding variants indicating likely causal genes. A phenome-wide analysis across 953 disease endpoints reveals disease associations for 40 lipid loci. For 11 coronary artery disease risk variants, we detect strong associations with lipid species. Our study demonstrates the power of multivariate genetic analysis in correlated lipidomics data and reveals genetic links between diseases and lipid species beyond the standard lipids.
Synthesis of tertiary alkylphosphonate oligonucleotides through light-driven radical-polar crossover reactions
Authors: Ota Kenji , Nagao Kazunori , Hata Dai , Sugiyama Haruki , Segawa Yasutomo , Tokunoh Ryosuke , Seki Tomohiro , Miyamoto Naoya , Sasaki Yusuke , Ohmiya Hirohisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChemical modification of nucleotides can improve the metabolic stability and target specificity of oligonucleotide therapeutics, and alkylphosphonates have been employed as charge-neutral replacements for naturally-occurring phosphodiester backbones in these compounds. However, at present, the alkyl moieties that can be attached to phosphorus atoms in these compounds are limited to methyl groups or primary/secondary alkyls, and such alkylphosphonate moieties can degrade during oligonucleotide synthesis. The present work demonstrates the tertiary alkylation of the phosphorus atoms of phosphites bearing two 2’-deoxynuclosides. This process utilizes a carbocation generated via a light-driven radical-polar crossover mechanism. This protocol provides tertiary alkylphosphonate structures that are difficult to synthesize using existing methods. The conversion of these species to oligonucleotides having charge-neutral alkylphosphonate linkages through a phosphoramidite-based approach was also confirmed in this study.