bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical cross sections for electron collisions relevant for ammonia discharges part 1: NH3, NH2, and NH
Authors: Snoeckx Ramses , Tennyson Jonathan , Cha Min Suk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Besides being the worlds’ most important fertilizer precursor, ammonia could play an important role as hydrogen carrier in a decarbonized future. The efficient production and decomposition (or cracking) of ammonia are essential to this end. An electricity-driven technology of interest for both these processes are non-thermal plasmas. Plasma processes have the advantage of activating—even inert—molecules and initiating chemical reactions through electron collisions, rather than through conventional heating. However, a complete set of low-energy cross section data is not available for the electron collisions with ammonia (NH3) and its radicals, amidogen (NH2) and imidogen (NH). Here, we used the ab initio R-matrix method to determine theoretical cross sections for the low-energy electron collision processes with NH3, NH2, and NH. Additionally, we explored the contribution of the different processes towards dissociation (especially from electronic excited states). Where possible, we compared our theoretical cross section data with experimental data and/or previous recommendations. Lastly, our own recommended cross section data for the electron collisions are presented. Use of this complete set of electron collision data should contribute to a more accurate description of and better insights into the plasma-chemical kinetics behind plasma-assisted ammonia production and decomposition processes.
Evolutions of streamer dynamics and discharge instabilities under repetitive pulses in humid air
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Gao Qiuyu , Zheng Xinlei , Zhang Haowei , Zheng Haotian , Sun Anbang , Li Jiangtao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The presence of water molecules in air introduces complexities to residual charge transports and energy relaxations that may provoke streamer discharge instabilities under repetitive pulses. Evolutions of pulse-periodic positive streamer dynamics were investigated in humid air. Pulse-sequence and temporally resolved diagnostics were implemented to capture discharge evolutions. The streamer development and evolutions of charged species in humid air are qualitatively analyzed based on a 2D–0D combined simulation. Evolution features of streamer behaviors in humid air include the faster filamentation of the primary streamer, pronounced propagation selectivity to previous secondary streamers, more branches of both primary and secondary streamers, and accelerated secondary streamer into stagnation. The repetitively pulsed breakdown is proceeded by the progressive axial prolongation of secondary streamers with bright heads and faint tails. Nonintuitively, the withstanding capability does not illustrate dramatic differences in dry air and humid air especially at high pulse repetition frequency. High-density residing hydrated ions with high electron bound energies (impeding streamer propagation) and the enhanced thermal release to cause higher reduced electric field (facilitating streamer propagation) may contrarily affect evolutions and discharge instability developments of positive streamer in humid air.
Thermally active programmable metamaterials with holey tilted struts
Authors: Fu Z , Zhu Z , Deng Z 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bistable transition is often applied in the design of microstructures in metamaterials. In this study, we introduce a series of strategically placed holes in the tilted struts, and observe, through numerical and experimental analysis, an effect of the perforation on the snap-through buckling behavior of the structure. By infilling the holes with thermal-sensitive polymer bars, we realize actively tuning the local stiffness of the holey struts, thereby enabling a means to switch the metamaterial between bistable and monostable states. Furthermore, we propose a multi-stable metamaterial by stacking bistable units with different arrange of infilled and empty holes. The designed metamaterial demonstrates a progressive restoration from the deformed shape to its original shape as the environment temperature reaches up to certain values. These findings highlight the potential of holey-type bistable metamaterials in the design of actuators, deployable structures, and reusable energy absorbers.
Improving the performance of tuned mass dampers by considering geometric nonlinear effects in an integrated identification-control approach
Authors: Ghaderi Pedram , Gholam Samaneh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tuned mass damper (TMD) is considered a common and effective device in structural control during catastrophic events such as earthquakes. This paper presents a promising method to improve the performance of TMD on vibratory structures with unknown parameters, by addressing the geometric nonlinear effects in an integrated identification-control approach. To evaluate the efficiency of this method, the reductions of the maximum displacement, shear force, acceleration of the top floor, and the mechanical energy of the structure are considered as performance indicators. Firstly, a proper relationship based on stiffness reduction is provided to consider geometric nonlinearity and perform second-order analysis. Secondly, the virtual synchronization method (VSM) is employed to identify the unknown parameters of the structures including stiffness and damping coefficients. Subsequently, an appropriate algorithm is developed to represent the integrated identification-control approach which utilizes the current properties of structures identified by VSM, for tuning the TMD. Afterward, these methods are employed to determine the circumstances where second-order analysis is preferable to first-order analysis, considering performance indicator differences. These circumstances deal with three variables including the characteristics of earthquakes and structures as well as the level of damage. To incorporate the first two variables, studies are conducted on several structures with different periods subjected to ten earthquakes with various frequency contents. Furthermore, for inclusion of the last variable, structures experience different levels of damage. As a result, this study determines the ranges based on the three mentioned variables wherein incorporating geometric nonlinear effects improves the performance of TMD and should be considered in structural analysis. Furthermore, similar relationships are provided for the assessment of the performance of the VSM. Finally, a study is provided to validate the performance of the integrated identification-control approach.
Coexistence of Competing Microbial Strains under Twofold Environmental Variability and Demographic Fluctuations
Authors: Asker Matthew , Hernández-Navarro Lluís , Rucklidge Alastair M , Mobilia Mauro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrobial populations generally evolve in volatile environments, under conditions fluctuating between harsh and mild, e.g. as the result of sudden changes in toxin concentration or nutrient abundance. Environmental variability (EV) thus shapes the long-time population dynamics, notably by influencing the ability of different strains of microorganisms to coexist. Inspired by the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, we study the dynamics of a community consisting of two competing strains subject to twofold EV. The level of toxin varies in time, favouring the growth of one strain under low drug concentration and the other strain when the toxin level is high. We also model time-changing resource abundance by a randomly switching carrying capacity that drives the fluctuating size of the community. While one strain dominates in a static environment, we show that species coexistence is possible in the presence of EV. By computational and analytical means, we determine the environmental conditions under which long-lived coexistence is possible and when it is almost certain. Notably, we study the circumstances under which environmental and demographic fluctuations promote, or hinder, the strains coexistence. We also determine how the make-up of the coexistence phase and the average abundance of each strain depend on the EV.
Predator–prey power laws: trophic interactions give rise to scale-invariant ecosystems
Authors: Salahshour Mohammad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scaling laws and power-law distributions are ubiquitous in ecological systems. However, it is not clear what factors give rise to such universal regularities. Here, I show scaling laws are a simple consequence of scale-invariant distributions, and both result from simple commonalities of diverse ecosystems. I introduce a simple model of predator–prey interactions in which predators and prey move on a two-dimensional space in search of resources that they use to survive and reproduce. As primary resources increase, the food web exhibits a series of transitions to phases with equilibrium dynamics and top-down control of the food web, non-equilibrium dynamics with bottom-up control, and unstable dynamics exhibiting the paradox of enrichment. The model shows resource heterogeneity can solve the paradox of enrichment and ensure the stability of ecosystems. Scale-invariant spatial distribution of prey and predators and a surprisingly rich set of scaling laws, including predator–prey and Taylor’s power laws, appear in the non-equilibrium phase. The model predicts both Taylor’s power law and predator–prey power law can be extended to a rich set of fluctuation scaling laws governing the fluctuation of predator’s and prey’s densities and growth. A mathematical theory suggests scaling laws result from the scale-invariance of the spatial distribution of prey and predators.
Dynamically tunable multiple plasmon-induced transparency effect based on monolayer graphene structure system with rectangular defect cavities
Authors: Wang Boyun , Yang Jie , Zeng Qingdong , Li Geng , Yu Huaqing , Chen Fang , Yu Chunchao , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, a dynamically tunable multiple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect in monolayer graphene structure system with rectangular defect cavities is investigated both theoretically and numerically. Because the graphene of our structure exists in a continuous form, the Fermi level of the graphene can be dynamically tuned by simply applying a bias voltage. The expressions of the theoretical transmittance are correctly deduced, and the fitting theoretical results are very consistent with the numerical simulation data. When the Fermi level of the graphene is increased from 0.8 eV to 1.2 eV, the group index of the dual-PIT system is controlled between 383 and 766. Alternatively, the group index of the triple-PIT system is maintained between 445 and 812. Moreover, the maximum group index can reach 812 at 1.2 eV, which shows that it can be designed as an excellent slow light device. Therefore, the proposed structures and results may provide strong guidance towards multichannel optical filters, dynamically tunable and excellent slow light and light storage devices.
Tempered fractional diffusion in comb-like structures with numerical investigation
Authors: Mokhtar Hefny Mohamed , Tawfik Ashraf M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents two models for describing anomalous transport in comb-like structures. First, we analytically solve the tempered fractional diffusion model using the Laplace-Fourier technique. The probability distributions along the backbone (x-axis) and branches (y-axis) are represented by the M-Wright and Fox’s H functions. The probability distributions are illustrated according to the order of the time-fractional derivative α and the so-called tempered parameter λ. Additionally, we determine the mean square displacement to classify the degree of diffusivity in the comb structure based on the values of the time-fractional and tempered orders. Second, we introduce a power-law time-dependent diffusion coefficient as an extension of the comb-like models and investigate the solution of via numerical simulation. Then, we explore the connection between the presence of a time-dependent diffusion coefficient and anomalous transport based on the particle density and mean square displacement.
Sliding wear study of WC-10Co4Cr clad on SS-316 using microwave energy
Authors: Singh Paramjit , Goyal Deepak Kumar , Bansal Amit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current study comprises the changing surface morphology of austenitic stainless steel (SS-316) with WC-10Co4Cr powder using an affordable microwave route. The surface modification was achieved by utilizing a microwave apparatus (power: 1.2 kW; frequency: 2.45 GHz). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals the presence of various carbide phases in the deposited clad layer. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination reveals the unequally dispersed reinforced skeleton carbide in a metal-based matrix with an average porosity of less than 1%. The deposits exhibit significantly higher hardness than that of the SS-316. A pin-on-disc tribometer was utilized to assess the dry sliding wear performance of deposits. The results revealed that the deposits exhibited better wear resistance than the SS-316 substrate due to the presence of reinforced hard carbides in a tougher metal-based matrix. The improvement in microhardness also leads to enhancement in the wear resistance of the deposits. The loss of material from the deposit surfaces during sliding was primarily due to micro-cutting and rupturing of the unstable tribofilm layer.
Tailoring gas sensing properties of WS2 monolayer via Nb and Co embedding for highly sensitive and selective detection of HCN and H2S gases: a first principle study
Authors: Rhrissi I , Bouhmouche A , Arba Y , Saeedi A M , Moubah R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We report on the adsorption performances of HCN, H2S, HF, and H2 gases on Nb and Co embedded WS2 monolayer using density functional theory calculations. The adsorption configurations, adsorption energy, charge transfer, density of state, band structure, and recovery time were studied to evaluate the possible tailoring of gas sensing properties to improve sensitivity and selectivity of the WS2 monolayer. The results show that HCN exhibits better adsorption on the Nb-embedded WS2 with an adsorption energy of −1.09 eV and charge transfer of −0.18 e, whereas H2S shows superior adsorption on the Co-embedded WS2 with an adsorption energy of −1.1 eV and charge transfer of 0.23 e. Better sensitivity and selectivity were recorded for the adsorption of the HCN and H2S on the Nb and Co-embedded WS2 monolayer respectively. At 398 K, the recovery times for the two sensing systems are 54 s and 61 s for Nb-embedded WS2 with HCN and Co-embedded WS2 with H2S respectively making them suitable for gas sensing applications. The study reveals the promising capabilities of Nb-embedded WS2 and Co-embedded WS2 in detecting HCN and H2S, respectively. In addition, it thoroughly investigates the influence of surface modifications on the characteristics of gas sensors.
Atomic-scale study of linear reciprocating friction of TCP/γ phase in nickel-based single crystal alloy
Authors: Chen Weihua , Sun Yuhang , Feng Xingzhi , Liu Yanjie , Zheng Min , Wei Xingchun , Zhu Zongxiao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to systematically investigate the role of TCP (topologically close-packed) phases in the fretting wear process of nickel-based single crystal alloys (NBSC), this study employed molecular dynamics to conduct comparative analyses of mechanical properties, atomic displacements, wear depth, defects, dislocation density, and the influence of temperature under constant load on the friction process in material wear. The research revealed that during the repetitive friction process, the friction force exhibited a peak at the extreme positions of reciprocating friction on the workpieces, and this peak increased with the number of friction cycles. The dislocation density in the worn area increased, resulting in hardening, and the removal rate of material decreased. At the initial stages of friction, the presence of interfaces notably hindered the transfer of temperature, defects, and atomic displacements in the workpiece, and this inhibitory effect weakened with an increasing number of friction cycles. The TCP phases experienced stratification due to the overall deformation they underwent. Furthermore, as the relaxation temperature increased, the workpiece exhibited enhanced plastic deformation capacity, an increase in dislocation density, and adhesion between abrasive particles and the grinding ball occurred.
Mechanical properties prediction of ductile iron with spherical graphite using multi-scale finite element model
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad Hosein , Ajri Masoud , Maleki Vahid Arab 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, using the multi-scale finite element method, the effect of graphite particles on the mechanical behavior of ductile iron has been investigated under tensile loading. For this purpose, taking into account the spherical geometric shape of the graphite phase and considering a specific volume fraction, these spheres are randomly placed in the whole body and a two-component composite material is created. As a next step, a micromechanical model of these materials is developed by defining the mechanical properties of the matrix and graphites as well as their interfaces. The mechanical properties of the matrix are simulated using the Ramberg-Osgood elastic-plastic model. By simulation in ABAQUS software and using nonlinear dynamic analysis, the effects of volume percentages and adhesion of graphite particles with matrix on the direct tensile load-displacement behavior of ductile iron were investigated. The results of experimental tests were used to verify the results of the numerical model. The weight percentage of graphite particles has a significant effect on the tensile strength and elastic modulus of these cast irons. The results show that with the increase in the amount of graphite particles, the tensile strength of cast iron increases up to a certain value and then reverses. With 21% graphite particles, the maximum tensile strength of ductile iron is 601 MPa. Compared with a pure sample of cast iron, the tensile strength increases by approximately 13.4% for this weight percentage of graphite particles.
Highly sensitive temperature sensor using nested hollow-core anti-resonant fibers
Authors: Yue-Yu Xiao , Yan-Xiang Lai , Rui-Ming Yao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A highly sensitive temperature sensor based on composite nested negative curvature hollow-core fiber is proposed. Three resonant tubes are nested inside the cladding tubes to induce a resonant coupling between the fundamental core mode and the dielectric mode of the nested resonant tube. Three glass-sheet conjoined nested tubes are introduced to suppress the comparatively low loss higher-order mode LP02. All the air-holes are filled with temperature-sensitive liquid of ethanol. As the temperature changes, the resonant dip in the transmission spectrum corresponding to the coupling will shift. Numerical simulation results indicate that the temperature sensitivity is 3.36 nm °C−1 in the range of 20 °C–40 °C. Since there is no need of any special post-processing, such as selective infiltration or material coating for the sensors proposed, the sensor provides a promising mechanism for the optical fiber temperature sensing.
An ECM-mimicking assembled gelatin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel with antibacterial and radical scavenging functions for accelerating open wound healing
Authors: Ma Xuebin , Ning Wenli , Geng Yiming , Shao Huarong , Liu Yang , Liu Fei , Zhang Daizhou , Chi Bo , Hou Yali , Fu Xiao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A multifunctional hydrogel dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-removing properties is highly desirable for the clinical treatment of open wounds. Although many wound dressings have been prepared, the modification of polymers is often involved in the preparation process, and the uncertainty of biological safety and stability of modified polymers hinders the clinical application of products. In this study, inspired by the composition and crosslinking pattern of extracellular matrix (ECM), a deeply ECM-mimicking multifunctional hydrogel dressing is created. Tannic acid (TA) and poly-ϵ-lysine (EPL) are added into a gelatin/hyaluronic acid (Gel/HA) matrix, and a stable hydrogel is formed due to the formation of the triple helix bundles of gelatin and hydrogen bonds between polymers. The introduction of TA and EPL endows the ECM-mimicking hydrogel with stable rheological properties, as well as antibacterial and hemostatic functions. The as-produced hydrogels have suitable swelling ratio, enzyme degradability, and good biocompatibility. In addition, it also shows a significant ability to eliminate ROS, which is confirmed by the elimination of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical. Full-thickness skin wound repair experiment and histological analysis of the healing site in mice demonstrate that the developed ECM-mimicking Gel/HA hydrogels have a prominent effect on ECM formation and promotion of wound closure. Taken together, these findings suggest that the multifunctional hydrogels deeply mimicking the ECM are promising candidates for the clinical treatment of open wounds.
Kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with internal safety factor profile constraints on EAST tokamak
Authors: FAN 樊 Haochen 皓尘 , LI 李 Guoqiang 国强 , QIAN 钱 Jinping 金平 , ZHANG 张 Xuexi 学习 , WU 邬 Xiaohe 潇河 , CHU 储 Yuqi 宇奇 , ZHU 朱 Xiang 翔 , LIAN 连 Hui 辉 , LIU 刘 Haiqing 海庆 , LYU 吕 Bo 波 , JIN 金 Yifei 仡飞 , ZANG 臧 Qing 庆 , HUANG 黄 Jia 佳 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reconstruction of plasma equilibrium plays an important role in the analysis and simulation of plasma experiments. The kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with pressure and edge current constraints has been employed on EAST tokamak. However, the internal safety factor (q) profile is not accurate. This paper proposes a new way of incorporating q profile constraints into kinetic equilibrium reconstruction. The q profile is yielded from the Polarimeter Interferometer (POINT) reconstruction. Virtual probes containing information on q profile constraints are added to inputs of the kinetic equilibrium reconstruction program to obtain the final equilibrium. The new equilibrium produces a more accurate internal q profile. This improved method would help analyze EAST experiments.