bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of carbon finance in China based on the hybrid MCDM method
Authors: Wu Shiyi , Niu Rui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs development progresses over time and changes in the environment take place, carbon finance development has become a very interesting research topic for many scholars worldwide. This paper proposes a hybrid MCDM method that combines the distance solutions of the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. The contribution of this paper combines TOPSIS and VIKOR, incorporating AISM models to obtain the development ranking of Chinese carbon finance pilot cities as related to the Chinese carbon finance development pilot provinces and cities. The conclusion notes that Guangdong and Beijing are the most preferred investment locations for carbon investors. In addition, technological innovation, financial sector development, and an active ETS market can effectively drive the level of local carbon finance. Additionally, the MCDM methodology in this paper provides new ideas in environmental and economic development assessment.
Effect of teacher social support on students’ emotions and learning engagement: a U.S.-Chinese classroom investigation
Authors: Jia Moyi , Cheng Jiuqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPsychological and instructional communication researchers increasingly recognize the significance of student emotions in determining their engagement in the classroom. Under the direction of Emotional Response Theory (Mottet, Frymier, & Beebe, 2006), this study aims to establish a model of a college instructor’s social support, student positive and negative emotions, and student engagement in learning. It also attempts to extend this research by examining cultural differences in U.S. and Chinese classrooms and how these factors influence teacher behavior and student emotions. The result demonstrates the mediating effects of student positive emotions between teacher support and student engagement in both cultures. In addition, Chinese students show significantly more negative emotions toward their class, whereas U.S. students report more positive emotions and higher perceived network support from their teachers. Theoretical and practical contributions related to social support regarding student emotion and learning are discussed.
The effects of carbon fiber surface treatment by oxidation process for enhanced mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites for biomedical application
Authors: Roseno Seto , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Rohman Saeful , Kurniawati Fitri , Wahyudi Tatang , Wargadipura Agus Hadi Santosa , Masmui Masmui , Budiyanto Dwi , Effendi Mochammad Dachyar , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Kalembang Eryanti , Hernawan Hernawan , Subari Subari , Habibie Sudirman , Simanjuntak Tarida Priskila Hasian , Santoso Heru , Ahmad Ahmad , Juwono Ariadne Laksmidevi 
Published: January 2024

In this research, the production of carbon fiber composite (CFC) with epoxy resin was carried out for biomedical application. The surface of the carbon fibers was previously oxidized with concentrated nitric acid at a temperature of 100 °C for 30–120 min to create a rough surface impression on the carbon fibers to enhance interfacial bonding in the composite, increase surface area, and reduce surface tension. The carbon fiber/epoxy composite was fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin infusion method. Characterization of the oxidized carbon fibers and the composite products was performed using a digital microscope, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. FTIR analysis results indicated that the carbon fiber oxidation process introduced new chemical functional groups, such as –CN and –CO groups. Mechanical characterizations included tensile testing of non-oxidized and oxidized carbon fiber and tensile testing of carbon fiber/epoxy composite. The results showed that the composite formed from oxidized carbon fibers/epoxy resin exhibited higher tensile strength compared to non-oxidized CFC. The longer the carbon fiber oxidation process, the higher the tensile strength values obtained.
DOG and CAT proverbs
Authors: Lai Huei-ling , Hsu Hsiao-Ling 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the cognitive operations and cultural constraints in DOG and CAT proverbs in Taiwan Hakka
and English. For understanding and interpreting proverbs, the target themes are categorized into fundamental human virtues, and
the cognitive operations are exhaustively examined by Conceptual Blending Theory. It is found that temperance and humanity are the
most prevalent virtues profiled in Taiwan Hakka, while wisdom and knowledge are the most dominant ones in English. The analysis
explicates that Conceptual Blending Theory can serve as a universally explanatory model, and at the same time, contextual and
cultural factors play crucial roles in providing parametric constraints for the use and creation of proverbs.
Forging Social Identity: The Making of a Destination – A Case of the Bullet Baba Shrine in Marwar, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Porya Abhisek , Mishra Sweety , Sunayana  , Chowdhary Nimit 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The Om Banna Temple (also called the Bullet Baba Temple) is a remarkable site in Rajasthan’s arid Pali district. It defies traditional spiritual norms, merging supernatural tales with the world of motorcycle enthusiasts and explorers. The temple honours Om Banna, a local deity and guardian for bikers. Om’s story began with a tragic motorcycle accident in 1988, after which his motorcycle mysteriously reappeared at the accident site, defying explanation. This phenomenon led to the temple’s creation, representing a belief in a protective force residing in Om’s bike. This temple’s popularity has grown, becoming an iconic and unconventional tourist attraction. Travellers from various backgrounds are drawn to its unique blend of spirituality and reverence for motorcycles. The temple signifies faith, protection, and an extraordinary connection to humanity. The case study explores cultural exchange in tourism, where visitors engage with the temple’s rituals and stories, leading to mutual learning between tourists and locals. Social Identity Theory is applied to show how both groups develop distinct identities shaped by factors like nationality and interests and how these identities influence their interactions. The temple’s identity is built on uniqueness, storytelling, emotional connection, word-of-mouth marketing, niche appeal, protective symbolism, and cultural interaction. This captivating identity attracts diverse visitors, from motorcycle enthusiasts to those seeking cultural immersion, turning the temple into an unforgettable and unconventional destination that bridges spirituality, identity, and shared experiences.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Sustainable Hiking through the Green Trails: Examples of Exceptional Responsible Practices
Authors: Anjusha P.P. , Thomas Toney K. 
Published: January 2024

Summary

‘Indiahikes’ is a leading trek team in India, leaving a thoughtful impact on the trekkers as well as the mountains. Through different initiatives for sustainability, and their iconic eco bags, the company leaves the mountains better than they found them. The mission titled Green Trail Initiative focuses on green ways of trekking. Over the years, the programme collected over 100 tonnes of litter from the trails and disposed of it through proper segregation methods. Working with sustainability at its core, the green trail focuses on the six golden practices of green sweeping,

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segregation at source, food composting, bio-toilets, and saving water and energy. This study addresses this exceptional case as an example of stakeholder initiative towards effective sustainable practices of destination management. The trekkers are an important aspect of the study, they collect waste and follow eco-sensitive practices at the camp sites. The act has a significant impact on the travel behaviour of trekkers by transforming them into environmentally responsible travellers. As an exceptional initiative for the mountain travel system, the act of creating green trails sets ideal guidelines for various trek companies to follow.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Magnon bands in pyrochlore slabs with Heisenberg exchange and anisotropies
Authors: Jyothis V V , Patra Bibhabasu , Chandra V Ravi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The pyrochlore lattice is a versatile venue to probe the properties of magnetically ordered states induced or perturbed by anisotropic terms like the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions or single-ion anisotropy. Several such ordered states have been investigated recently as precursors of topological magnons and the associated surface states. In parallel, there has been recent progress in growing thin films of magnetic materials with this lattice structure along high symmetry directions of the lattice. In both cases, an account of the magnetic excitations of relevant Hamiltonians for finite slabs is a necessary step in the analysis of the physics of these systems. While the analysis of bulk magnons for these systems is quite common, a direct evaluation of the magnon spectra in the slab geometry, though required, is less frequently encountered. We study here magnon bands in the slab geometry for a class of spin models on the pyrochlore lattice with Heisenberg exchange, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and spin-ice anisotropy. For a range of model parameters, for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange, we compute the classical ground states for different slab orientations and determine the spin wave excitations above them. We analyze the ferromagnetic splay phase, the all-in-all-out (AIAO) phase and a coplanar phase and evaluate magnon dispersions for slabs oriented perpendicular to the [111], [100] and [110] directions. For all the phases considered, depending on the slab orientation, magnon band structures can be non-reciprocal and we highlight the differences in the three orientations from this point-of-view. Finally, we present details of the surface localized magnons for all the three slab orientations in the phases we study. For the ferromagnetic splay phase and the AIAO phase we analyze surface states associated with point degeneracies or nodal lines in the bulk spectrum by computing the magnonic Berry curvature and Weyl charges or Chern numbers associated with it.
Development and optimisation of grid inserts for a preclinical radiotherapy system and corresponding Monte Carlo beam simulations
Authors: Fisk Marcus , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Pfefferlé David , Fernandez de Viana Matthew , Cabrera Julian , Ebert Martin A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. To develop a physical grid collimator compatible with the X-RAD preclinical radiotherapy system and create a corresponding Monte Carlo (MC) model. Approach. This work presents a methodology for the fabrication of a grid collimator designed for utilisation on the X-RAD preclinical radiotherapy system. Additionally, a MC simulation of the grid is developed, which is compatible with the X-RAD treatment planning system. The grid was manufactured by casting a low melting point alloy, cerrobend, into a silicone mould. The silicone was moulded around a 3D-printed replica of the grid, enabling the production of diverging holes with precise radii and spacing. A MC simulation was conducted on an equivalent 3D grid model and validated using 11 layers of GAFChromic EBT-3 film interspersed in a 3D-printed water-equivalent phantom. A 3D dose distribution was constructed from the film layers, enabling a direct comparison with the MC Simulation. Main results. The film and the MC dose distribution demonstrated a gamma passing rate of 99% for a 1%, 0.5 mm criteria with a 10% threshold applied. The peak-to-valley dose ratio and output factor at the surface were determined to be 20.4 and 0.79, respectively. Significance. The pairing of the grid collimator with a MC simulation can significantly enhance the practicality of grid therapy on the X-RAD. This combination enables further exploration of the biological implications of grid therapy, supported by a knowledge of the complex dose distributions. Moreover, this methodology can be adapted for use in other systems and scenarios.
Probing stochastic gravitational wave background from SU(5) × U(1)χ strings in light of NANOGrav 15-year data
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Rehman Mansoor Ur , Zubair Umer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A realistic model of SU(5) × U(1)χ, embedded in SO(10) supersymmetric grand
unified theory, is investigated for the emergence of a metastable cosmic string network. This
network eventually decays via the Schwinger production of monopole-antimonopole pairs,
subsequently generating a stochastic gravitational wave background that is compatible with the
NANOGrav 15-year data. In order to avoid the monopole problem in the breaking of both SO(10) and
SU(5), a non-minimal Higgs inflation scenario is incorporated. The radiative breaking of the
U(1)χ symmetry at a slightly lower scale plays a pivotal role in aligning the string
tension parameter with the observable range. The resultant gravitational wave spectrum not only
accounts for the signal observed in the most recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments but is
also accessible to both current and future ground-based and space-based experiments.
Switchable hidden spin polarization and negative Poisson's ratio in two-dimensional antiferroelectric wurtzite crystals
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Jiang Jingwen , Wang Gui , Zhang Peng , Sun Yiling , Qian Zhengfang , Zheng Jiaxin , Xiong Wen , Wang Fei , Zhang Xiuwen , Huang Pu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) antiferroelectric materials have raised great research interest over the last decade. Here, we reveal a type of 2D antiferroelectric (AFE) crystal where the AFE polarization direction can be switched by a certain degree in the 2D plane. Such 2D functional materials are realized by stacking the exfoliated wurtzite (wz) monolayers with “self-healable” nature, which host strongly coupled ferroelasticity/antiferroelectricity and benign stability. The AFE candidates, i.e., ZnX and CdX (X = S, Se, Te), are all semiconductors with direct bandgap at Γ point, which harbors switchable antiferroelectricity and ferroelasticity with low transition barriers, hidden spin polarization, as well as giant in-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), enabling the co-tunability of hidden spin characteristics and auxetic magnitudes via AFE switching. The 2D AFE wz crystals provide a platform to probe the interplay of 2D antiferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, NPR, and spin effects, shedding new light on the rich physics and device design in wz semiconductors.
Metallic melt transport across castellated tiles
Authors: Ratynskaia S. , Paschalidis K. , Krieger K. , Vignitchouk L. , Tolias P. , Balden M. , Faitsch M. , Rohde V. , Corre Y. , Pitts R.A. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In future fusion reactors, extended melt pools in combination with strong plasma-induced accelerations, suggest that the metallic melt could reach the gaps between castellated plasma-facing components, potentially accompanied by profound changes in their mechanical response. The first results of a combined experimental and modelling effort to elucidate the physics of melt transport across gaps are presented. Transient melting of specially designed tungsten samples featuring toroidal gaps has been achieved in ASDEX Upgrade providing direct evidence of gap bridging. Detailed modelling with the MEMENTO melt dynamics code is reported. Empirical evidence and simulations reveal that the presence of gaps can be safely ignored in macroscopic melt motion predictions as well as that the re-solidification limited melt spreading facilitates gap bridging and leads to poor melt attachment. The findings are discussed in the context of ITER and DEMO.
Analyzing The Influence of Diameter and Winding on Heat Transfer Efficiency in Spiral Tube Heat Exchangers: A CAD-Integrated CFD Study Using Solidworks Flow Simulation
Authors: Khairulmaini M. , Michael Z. , Hamid M. F. A. , Abidin N. A. Z. , Roslan A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Spiral tube heat exchangers (STHE) are coiled metal devices with two fluid channels around a central core, enabling counterflow or parallel flow of gases, liquids, or both. Compared to traditional straight-tube heat exchangers, STHEs offer a larger heat transfer surface area. This study used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation integrated with Computer Aided Design (CAD) to investigate STHE’s heat transfer performance. The STHE dimensions, a 12-mm copper tube, and a 10-inch PVC shell were adopted from a previous study. Cold and hot water at 20°C and 70°C flowed in parallel at specific flow rates. The objective was to explore the impact of STHE dimensions on heat transfer efficiency and performance. The parameters varied were the internal diameter of the copper tube and the number of spiral coil windings. Results revealed that changing the spiral heat exchanger’s diameter affected the heat transfer rate and coefficient. Larger diameters reduced efficiency due to lower flow velocities and convective heat transfer coefficients. The number of windings significantly affected heat transfer performance, with winding 5 demonstrating the highest rate and winding 7 showing the highest coefficient. CFD analysis reliability was validated by convergence with analytical solutions for heat transfer simulations with varying diameters and windings.
Investigation of the Effect of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Kenaf Fiber/Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Zaki S.Z.S.M. , Salim N. , Bakar N.H.A. , Roslan R. , Samah N.A. , Kabeb S.M. , Sarmin S.N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In a competitive product market, manufacturers ought to utilize eco-friendly materials to reduce the environmental impact of their products. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an annual plant that produces bast fiber and develops rapidly. These fibers have excellent properties and could serve as ideal reinforcing fillers for wood-based products. This study aims to investigate Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent for Kenaf fiber (KF)/Polypropylene(PP) composite. Three distinct composites were created using the following ratios: Sample 1 (Kenaf 20g: PP 180g), Sample 2 (Kenaf 10g: PP 180g: MAPP 10g), and Sample 3 (Kenaf 15g: PP 180g: MAPP 5g). All materials are mixed and extruded in a single-screw extruder at 185 to 200 °C at 50 rpm. A granulator is then utilized to palletize the samples. For testing, tensile and impact testing is conducted for mechanical properties, water absorption for physical properties, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological characterization. The thermal characteristics of the composites are analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that the KF/PP composite with a coupling agent has a higher tensile strength with a value of 29.3 MPa compared to the KF/PP composite without a coupling agent with a value of 22.4 MPa. Water absorption of composite with coupling agent was also less than without coupling agent with a value of 1.05% and 1.31% respectively.
Occurrence, characterization, and transport mechanism of welding fumes particles emitted during the welding process
Authors: Abdull Norhidayah , Muhammad Nur Sarah Irina , Mokhtar Khairiah Mohd , Shahri Zarifah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In metalworking processes, welding fumes are a prevalent type of particle aerosols. Particle characteristics, physical factors, and the generation process influence the transport of welding fumes in the air. This research delves into the investigation of welding fumes particles during two types of currents: low current (60A) and high current (130A). The study encompasses the determination of the occurrence and characterization of these particles, as well as estimating their transport mechanisms during the welding process. Direct reading instruments were utilized to measure the mass concentration and the number concentration of welding fumes particles alongside environmental parameters such as relative humidity, air velocity, and air temperature. The size distribution and morphology of the particles were collected through a sampling pump and subsequently analyzed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Welding fumes particle transport was predicted by employing variables such as Reynolds number (Re), settling velocity, mechanical velocity, and stopping distance. The welding process’s high current (130 A) generates a higher mass concentration (0.122mg/m3) than the low current (60 A) (0.064mg/m3). Notably, for particle size fractions ranging from 0.5μm to 2.0μm, the number of particles generated during high current surpassed that of low current, except for the 0.3μm size fraction. Analysis of the size distribution through FESEM revealed particle sizes of 2.25μm, 2.33μm, and 2.63μm for welding fumes collected during 130A. In contrast, fumes collected during 60A exhibited sizes of 0.45μm, 0.61μm, and 0.60μm. Notably, accumulation of particles were observed, indicating that the fumes collected during 60A consisted of smaller particles classified as fine particles. The particle counts for high and low currents were 283,232,661 count/m3 and 300,604,341 count/m3, respectively. The observed particle shapes appeared agglomerate, comprised of primary spherical particles adhering together through Van Der Waals forces. Reynolds number values (Re=0.0046-0.0223, less than 1) indicated that the motion of fume particles occurred within a laminar flow regime. Furthermore, the movement of particles was influenced by their diameter, with larger particles exhibiting higher settling velocities, smaller mechanical mobility, and shorter travelled distances. In summary, this research sheds light on the intricate transport mechanisms of welding fumes, providing insights into their occurrence, characterization, and transport during the metalworking process.
Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay in smart coatings for corrosion protection of metal alloy: a brief review
Authors: Affaf N , Alias J , Alang N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay is a natural raw material naturally occurring 2-dimensional lamellar silicate material. Many advantages of MMT clay are low cost, high dispersion properties, good mechanical properties, hydrophobic, good shield against corrosive media, non-toxic, easily accessible, and most importantly, it is natural. MMT was mainly used as an additive with other active smart materials to enhance the excellent properties for smart coatings. However, there is not much research done from the last 5 years regarding MMT in smart coating for corrosion protection. The discussion regarding MMT for corrosion protection is also contradict between each research. This paper provides a brief review on MMT clay in smart coatings and its advantages for corrosion protection for the last 5 years. There are also some drawbacks of MMT in smart coatings discussed at the end. Further research needs to be done as MMT has more potential that can be used in the real-world industries and to clarify the contradiction of statement existed in much research.