bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elongation factor MdEF‐Tu coordinates with heat shock protein MdHsp70 to enhance apple thermotolerance
Authors: Che Runmin , Liu Yuerong , Yan Shengqi , Yang Chao , Sun Yubo , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYHigh‐temperature stress results in protein misfolding/unfolding and subsequently promotes the accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates that can compromise cell survival. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones that coordinate the refolding and degradation of aggregated proteins to mitigate the detrimental effects of high temperatures. However, the relationship between HSPs and protein aggregates in apples under high temperatures remains unclear. Here, we show that an apple (Malus domestica) chloroplast‐localized, heat‐sensitive elongation factor Tu (MdEF‐Tu), positively regulates apple thermotolerance when it is overexpressed. Transgenic apple plants exhibited higher photosynthetic capacity and better integrity of chloroplasts during heat stress. Under high temperatures, MdEF‐Tu formed insoluble aggregates accompanied by ubiquitination modifications. Furthermore, we identified a chaperone heat shock protein (MdHsp70), as an interacting protein of MdEF‐Tu. Moreover, we observed obviously elevated MdHsp70 levels in 35S: MdEF‐Tu apple plants that prevented the accumulation of ubiquitinated MdEF‐Tu aggregates, which positively contributes to the thermotolerance of the transgenic plants. Overall, our results provide new insights into the molecular chaperone function of MdHsp70, which mediates the homeostasis of thermosensitive proteins under high temperatures.
Functional assays reflective of cancer hallmarks in BT‐549 cells are not impacted by media supplemented with exercise‐trained plasma
Authors: Darragh Ian A. J. , Martinez‐Pacheco Sarai , O'Driscoll Lorraine , Egan Brendan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMedia supplemented with sera from acutely exercised men has been shown to have ‘anti‐cancer’ effects on prostate and breast cancer cell lines. This study investigated whether media supplemented with plasma samples taken at rest (≥30 h since the most recent exercise session) from men who were endurance‐trained (END), strength‐trained (STR) or recreationally active controls (CON) impacted the results of four assays that mimic hallmarks of cancer (proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix invasion and anoikis resistance) in the BT‐549 breast cancer cell line. Compared to control conditions of either serum‐free media or fetal bovine serum as appropriate, BT‐549 cells cultured with plasma‐supplemented media regardless of group resulted in greater cell proliferation (∼20–50%) and cell migration (∼15–20%), and lower extracellular matrix invasion (∼10–20%) and anoikis resistance (∼15–20%). Supplementing media with plasma from END or STR did not impact any outcomes of these assays compared to plasma from CON. Media supplemented with human plasma can impact functional assays reflective of cancer hallmarks in BT‐549 cells, but effects of exercise on proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix invasion and anoikis resistance were not evident in resting blood samples of individuals with a prior history of exercise training.
Regularization Parameter Identification for Nonlinear Inverse Modeling of Atmospheric Emissions
Authors: Dong Xinwen , Zhuang Shuhan , Xu Yuhan , Fang Sheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Regularized inverse modeling techniques formulate the rate estimation problem of airborne pollutant emission with the residual and regularization terms. In iterative minimization, the first term purposes to reduce the discrepancies between the atmospheric dispersion simulations and the environmental observations, and the second term ensures a stable solution and shapes the temporal features of emissions. The regularization parameter specifies the proportion of two terms, indirectly affecting the behavior of the solution. However, an identification approach may not suit all forms of regularized inverse models, for instance, the nonlinear Tikhonov method and the total variation (TV) method. In this paper, we have investigated three identification approaches that couple with nonlinear inverse models, a total of six combinations, to estimate the Cesium-137 emission rate following the Fukushima accident. Among them, the L-curve approach always provides the largest parameter value. The regularization works even with a small parameter, especially the TV method. The GCV approach brings the best Tikhonov estimation of the total amount, but the cost-α simultaneous minimization results in nearly the best metrics of concentration simulations in all combinations. Using the same identification approach, the TV estimate provides both the peak and constant emissions that is closer to the well-regarded subjective estimate.
Analysis on the 137Cs Transport and Deposition Simulation During the Fukushima Accident Based on WRF-Chem V4.2
Authors: Zhuang Shuhan , Dong Xinwen , Fang Sheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on March 11, 2011, large amounts of 137Cs were released and transported through the atmosphere, leading to great radioactivity deposition in Japan. WRF-Chem model is often used to simulate the long-range transport of pollutants and has been widely applied in radionuclides release after the nuclear accident, i.e., the Fukushima accident. With microphysics, boundary layer schemes and many other schemes proposed and integrated into the source code, the WRF-Chem model has been upgrading all the time. However, few studies have adopted the latest version of WRF-Chem for simulation, and most work has been done based on WRF-Chem of version before 4.0. In order to get access to more proposed schemes available only in the new version of WRF-Chem and evaluate the performance of WRF-Chem in radionuclide transport modeling, the simulation of 137Cs transport in the Fukushima accident based on WRF-Chem 4.2 has been conducted. In this paper, the in-cloud (Roselle) and below-cloud (Baklanov) schemes, which have been proven to perform well in WRF-Chem 3.5, were integrated into WRF-Chem 4.2. The results of WRF-Chem 4.2 have been evaluated comprehensively with respect to cumulative deposition and atmospheric concentration. As the results indicated, WRF-Chem 4.2 reproduces the high deposition area in Fukushima and Nakadori well and reaches the good performance criteria with a RANK over 2. However, it presents an overestimated cumulative deposition amount and overestimated the further Gunma and Tochigi. As for concentration simulation, WRF-Chem 4.2 shows a RANK2 slightly over 1 and the plume events are not captured well. Further improvement should be done on the parameterizations of WRF-Chem 4.2.
Creation of a Digital Model to Support Decontamination, Dismantling and Demolition of a Nuclear Facility
Authors: Del Gatto Marco , Rinaldi Martina , Giacalone Giorgio , Di Lascio Ivan , Cretoni Mattia , Mauro Egidio , Del Bene Cristiana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nucleco S.p.A. has recently invested some of its financial and human resources in a new activity which concerns the virtualisation of nuclear facilities. This process involves three main steps: the digitalisation of plant legacy data, the point cloud acquisition and finally the 3D parametric model creation. The digitalisation and study of plant legacy data allow a preliminary analysis of the area of interest. Then, by using different kinds of instrument and software, multiple point clouds (of a single scan) of the environment are acquired and merged into the “Project Point Cloud”. This final cloud not only is fully explorable and searchable, but also can be equipped with conventional and radiological tags (such as component data sheets, instrument manuals, area dose rates, etc.). The last step, the 3D parametric model creation, is carried out using specific kinds of software, comparing the geometrical data of the point cloud to the geometrical information of the digitalised legacy data. The model then allows storage of the plant data into a single digital archive (point cloud included), supports plant management, and optimises planning of the decommissioning activities. In this paper, the process of 3D model generation is presented and contextualised with actual reconstruction examples.
Overview of LILW Disposal Facility Project in Slovenia
Authors: Mechora Špela , Viršek Sandi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The project of low and intermediate level waste (LILW) disposal facility in Slovenia started with the siting process in a year 2004. After field investigation and based on experts’ criteria the site Vrbina in municipality Krško was selected. The disposal concept in a near-surface silo was approved by the government decree within the state spatial plan in a year 2009. The final design of the disposal facility was prepared in 2015. Next step was to prepare the Environmental impact assessment report and a Preliminary safety report. In a year 2019 the Preliminary consent from Slovenian nuclear safety administration was issued. In the process of an environmental assessment public hearings were held in Slovenia as well as in interested neighboring countries. The project got environmental consent in the year 2021. This was a major milestone in getting the construction license for the disposal facility.
Several iterations of safety assessment were done; the last one in years 2018–2019, which was used as an input for Safety report for the construction. Early in year 2022 the Slovenian nuclear safety administration issued a consent for a construction which was the second major milestone towards construction license. The project of LILW disposal facility in Slovenia got the construction license for a nuclear facility in a year 2022. The construction license for the infrastructure was issued early in the year 2023.
Comparison of Intelligent Optimization Algorithms in Neural Network Model for Nuclear Accident Source Term Evaluation
Authors: Song Jiayue , Yang Li , Li Huanting , Li Xinpeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After a severe nuclear accident, the source term cannot be obtained by the forward method due to the power outage of the whole plant. But the source term needs to be estimated quickly and accurately to protect the public and the environment. The source term inversion method based on the backpropagation neural network can effectively estimate the source term, but it is prone to fall into local minimum. To solve this problem, many intelligent optimization algorithms have been proposed to optimize the weights and thresholds of neural networks. In order to compare the effectiveness of different intelligent optimization algorithms, this paper builds neural network models based on Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO), Simulated Annealing-Genetic Algorithm (SAGA) and Mindset Evolution Algorithm (MEA). And the Wind diagnose model and air dispersion model (CALMET-LAPMOD) was used to generates a large amount of data for neural network training near Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant. In addition, this study uses kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) to reduce data dimensionality and training time. The results show that the model using the WOA has the best source term estimate ability, and the relative error of test data is only 4.31%. Therefore, the WOA-KPCA neural network is recommended in similar nuclear accident emergency or consequence evaluation scenarios by this study.
Experimental Investigation of Aged Concrete From Ukraine Nuclear Plant
Authors: Cancemi Salvatore Angelo , Lo Frano Rosa , Dolin Viktor , Lezzerini Marco , Pagnotta Stefano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The various forms of cement and concrete are the most common materials used in the nuclear field because they are strong, durable, inexpensive, and shield radiation well. However, the porous nature of the prepared cement and the ever-present water in them may often result in the incorporation and retention of some radioactive species, especially tritiated water, which could be subsequently released into the environment. This study is aimed to investigate the effects and threats posed to the nuclear facility and/or repository where radioactive wastes (RWs, including SNF) are and must be stored.
Concrete represents the primary barrier to migration in many proposed low-level waste storage facilities. While it may retard some dissolved ions to varying extents, it is not clear to what extent tritium movement through concrete would take place over longer periods. The breaking of concrete atomic bonds is so responsible for the degradation of the concrete (i.e., modification of its structural and mechanical properties).
The experimental characterization to determine the physic-chemical properties of aged concrete (samples are from the vault of Kyiv RAW facility in Ukraine exposed during almost 60 years in semi-natural conditions) was performed by means of an Electronic Scanning Microscope, X-Ray diffraction, and other novel chemical and physical methods that are available at UNIPI.
The results obtained show a different water concentration confirming the filtration phenomenon the concrete took place also affecting its ultimate strength.
Estimation of Cesium Penetration Into Concrete Structures After an Experimental Decontamination Activity
Authors: Tonti Andrea , Rizzo Francesco , Giannetti Fabio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As part of its institutional competences, INAIL (National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work) promotes and carries out activities for preventing the risks to which workers may be subjected to in different work scenarios.
One of these research activities pursued and concluded was about the decontamination and securing of 38 concrete wells, which in former time contained radioactive sources, namely 137Cs.
In a first phase, it was used a decontaminant liquid to remove part of radionuclides from concrete walls, and after, in a second phase, these liquids were treated with an evaporative process to minimize radioactive waste.
Measurements of superficial activity before and after the decontamination and the quantity of radionuclides in the removed liquid revealed that some radioactivity was taken off, but not totally.
The question after that the activity was done is how much in depth contamination has arrived.
For having an answer about the penetration, there should be extracted some specimens from concrete, but for various problems, due to risks associated to the site, this wasn’t possible.
So, a solution is to use some mathematical models and equations combined each other for having an estimation of the penetration of cesium into the walls of these holes.
Applying Early-Stage Energy Justice Metrics to Nuclear Engineering
Authors: Kendall Bryan A. , Arkhurst Bettina K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Environmental and energy justice implications of nuclear technologies, particularly at early stages of research and development, are often considered an afterthought to be dealt with later in technology deployment and use. Avoidable consequences on vulnerable communities are thus missed, leaving them to reap disproportionate burdens of these nuclear technologies. Currently, nuclear engineers and researchers lack the education and tools needed to readily consider justice in their work. The Justice Underpinning Science and Technology Research (JUST-R) metrics framework developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory seeks to provide researchers with a framework to consider the distributional, recognition, procedural, and cosmopolitan justice implications of their work at early stages. Yet JUST-R does not consider restorative justice, a particularly relevant justice concept for nuclear engineering, which is informed by a technology’s historical context. This work dilates the JUST-R framework to include restorative justice metrics and applies it to a pilot case study in the University of New Mexico’s (UNM) nuclear engineering program. Given the rich history of the nuclear industry in the state of New Mexico, UNM is embedded in a diverse ecosystem of nuclear-focused national laboratories, mining companies, and defense institutions. The results of this study fill existing gaps in the JUST-R framework to make it more relevant to nuclear engineering. This study further provides insight into how the process of conducting scientific research can be transformed to prioritize the minimization of harm to frontline communities and highlights the potential benefits of embedding justice in nuclear engineering curricula.
Application of the Reflowable Magnetic Jig on Thin MCM Package for Warpage Control
Authors: Park Jong-Chan , Kim Young-Min , Lee Gil-Ho , Kim Hyeong-Kwan , Lee Tae-Keun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For portable and wearable devices, having good functionality and being lightweight are a must. To improve the functionality of the device, System-in-Package (SiP), Package-on-Package (PoP), Multi-Chip-Module (MCM), or Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (CoWoS) are good packaging options. These devices and their printed circuit boards (PCBs) are designed to be thin and lighter for many applications and the severe warpage is one of the serious reliability concerns. The warpage has caused reliability issues such as soldering defects, bridging, stretching, head-in pillow, and non-wet opens. The warpage is caused by the CTE mismatches of the materials under temperature excursion during the manufacturing process of the package. Therefore, a good selection of materials or operating temperatures may help mitigate the deformation. Unfortunately, this type of warpage control is very difficult and complex for SiP, PoP, or McM packages because there are many components to be soldered together using different processing temperatures.
To address the serious issue of warpage, we have developed a reflowable jig holder which can hold an array of MCM packages. Our jig holder is different from traditional ones that use end-clamping or only have clamp force in the inactive regions outside the functional package areas. Our reflowable jig holder implements magnets to apply forces on both inactive and active regions. With a Sm-Co magnet inside the reflowable jig at the bottom and a ferromagnetic cover on the top, we were able to better control the warpage. Experimentally, we have designed, fabricated, and tested four different magnetic jigs. Two different magnets having different diameters and weights, and two jigs with different thicknesses and materials were used. The magnetic flux densities and magnetic forces as a function of components’ structure or material were analyzed to optimize the performances.
After the manufacturing of the packages with our innovative reflowable magnetic jig, the amount of warpage and shape of the package were inspected by Thermal Shadow Moire (TSM). The integrity of solder joints was inspected by X-ray and cross-section analyses. We have compared the warpage data of the packages using our innovative reflowable jig with those using a traditional reflowable jig. The experimental results show that the number of magnets and their configurations impact not only the local warpage but also the overall warpage. A reflowable jig with stronger magnetic force results in smaller warpage of the package. In conclusion, our innovative magnetic reflowable jig is a good method to control the warpage of these complex packages during the reflow process.
Design of Power Transistor Embedded in PCB Supported by 3D Simulations
Authors: Chvála Aleš , Marek Juraj , Šatka Alexander , Chen Jue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis and design of a power MOSFET transistor embedded in a printed circuit board (PCB). The analysis and design are supported by 3D electro-thermo-mechanical simulations. The analysis is focused on a comparison of the properties of a discrete power MOSFET transistor mounted on the surface of a PCB and a power MOSFET transistor embedded in a PCB. The conventional technology of packaged transistors exhibits significantly higher values of parasitic inductance, resistance, and thermal impedance compared to the embedded technology. 3D numerical finite element method simulations are effectively used for the design and optimization of the embedded technology in order to improve the electrical, thermal, and mechanical reliability performance of the device.
Prediction of the Localized Heating-Induced Size Effects in Semiconductors Based on the Heat Generation Characteristics and the Material Thermophysical Properties
Authors: Abdolhosseinzadeh Amir , Goktepe Emine , Donmezer Nazli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Localized heating can be encountered in the operation of transistors, light-emitting diodes, and some thermal spectroscopy techniques. Diffusive analytical and numerical thermal models are popularly used to characterize the thermal resistance of such problems. However, when there is localized heating comparable to the size of the mean free path of the energy carriers ballistic thermal transport, which causes additional thermal resistance is observed. The major objective of this study is to find a relation to describe the thermal resistances caused by the ballistic effects in problems with localized heating. Models based on the solution of the Fourier heat diffusion equation and the gray phonon Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) are solved simultaneously for to find this relation. It is observed that although phonon MFP and the power linearly effect the ballistic thermal resistance the effect of geometrical variables is more complicated and needs further analysis.
Design and Fabrication of an Inverter Module Co-Designed With the Busbar and Gate Driver
Authors: Roy Aishworya , DiMarino Christina , Miranda-Santos Jesi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, a 1.7 kV, 300 A SiC MOSFET half-bridge power module is designed and fabricated contributing towards the target of achieving a 280–320 kW electric vehicle (EV) inverter assembly, targeting a 100 kW/L power density for commercial medium- and heavy-duty EVs. Co-designed with the busbar and gate driver, the custom power module emphasizes efficient heat dissipation, minimized parasitic inductance and a compact footprint. Key specifications to ensure optimal performance include an RDS,on below 20 mΩ, Rth,j–c under 0.2 K/W, and a switching time shorter than 20 ns. The module features a double-sided cooling sandwiched structure, an embedded thermistor for health and degradation monitoring and utilizes three Wolfspeed 3rd generation 1.7 kV, 18 mΩ dies per switch position. simulated power loop inductance is 14.5 nH, simulated parasitic resistance is 0.265 mΩ, and simulated junction-to-case thermal resistance is 0.12 °C/W per die. To keep the die temperature below 150°C, a cooling coefficient of 5500 W/m2 is necessary.
Line Width and Electrical Performance Prediction for Inkjet Printed Conductors-Resistors-Inductors-Capacitors
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Kulkarni Shriram , Soni Ved , Miller Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inkjet printing enables the high-speed production of devices on a variety of substrates while offering an increased level of precision and repeatability. There is a need for closed-loop control over the printing process to achieve geometrical accuracy and consistent electrical performance of printed circuits and components. A sophisticated closed-loop control process can be achieved by establishing a relationship between printer input parameters and printed objects’ geometrical and electrical output. In this study, the impact of various printer settings on the electrical performance and geometrical accuracy of printed circuits and components has been studied. Specifically, the effect of print resolution, droplet size, and the number of copies on the electrical performance of printed resistors, planar inductors, and capacitors have been investigated. The printing was done using Particle-free silver ink on a Polyimide substrate. The statistical model developed from experimental data provides a means of achieving closed-loop control over the printing process.