bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
26. BIOPRINTING VASCULAR GRAFTS WITHOUT SUPPORT MATERIAL: A COMPARISON BETWEEN NEW AND COMMERCIAL HYDROGEL
Authors: Cardoso Castro T M , Gómez Blanco J C , Pereira Miguel S A , Countinho P I , Patrocinio Caballero D , Barabosa F R , Sánchez Margallo F M , Pagador Carrasco J B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Currently, the demand for personalized vascular grafts is increasing and bioprinting techniques emerge as a promising approach for its development. The aim is to comparatively evaluate the performance of a Gelatin/Gellan Gum/Alginate hydrogel and a commercial bioink to produce bioprinted vascular grafts without support material.

Methods
Two hydrogels were employed in this study: a custom-made Gelatin/Gellan Gum/Alginate (8:3:0.5 %w/v) and a commercial bioink (Cellink Bioink) consisting of 5% alginate with nanocellulose. Three experiments were conducted to assess their performance. The first experiment involved diluting the commercial hydrogel in PBS at a 1:10 ratio. The second experiment applied the commercial hydrogel without dilution, while the third experiment utilized the custom-made hydrogel without dilution. Optimal printing conditions were established for both hydrogels, with the Cellink bioink set to 37 °C, 10 kPa, and 7 mm/s, and the Gelatin/Gellan Gum/Alginate hydrogel set to 50 °C, 45 kPa, and 9 mm/s. For each hydrogel, three grafts were printed, each with dimensions of 15 mm height, 500 μm wall-thickness, and a 6 mm inner diameter. The physical characteristics of these grafts were subsequently measured using an optical microscope.

Results
Results showed differences between the three experiments. Vascular grafts produced with Gelatin/Gellan Gum/Alginate hydrogel present a wall-thickness and an inner diameter of 553±150 μm and 5.33±0.24 mm, respectively. In contrast, the commercial bioink from Cellink failed to facilitate the production of vascular grafts, as it fully collapsed at layer 17 out of 37.

Conclusion
The Gelatin/Gellan Gum/Alginate hydrogel proves to be effective in bioprinting vascular grafts, demonstrating both adequate accuracy and structural stability. Notably, it distinguishes itself from commercial bioinks by not necessitating additional sacrificial materials in the process.
31. PHARMACOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS SUBJECTED TO LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Martínez-Rubio P , Cuéllar A , Cearra I , Iturrizaga Correcher S , García Ruiz de Gordejuela A , Ruiz Montesinos I , García-Alonso I , Herrero de la Parte B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The use of tourniquet to achieve a blood-free surgical field is a common practice in orthopedic surgery. Blood flow restoration may lead to systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress damage known as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the administration of dexketoprofen (DEX) before reperfusion contributes to the prevention of IRI-related damage.

Methods
Male WAG/RijHsd rats were divided into 3 groups: two of them underwent 3h of ischemia and were administered either dexketoprofen (1 mg/kg) or vehicle; the third group was used as control, not subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. The treatment was given orally 30 minutes before reperfusion. Systemic affectation was evaluated 3h, 24h and 14 days after ischemia; at the anatomopathological level, limb edema was measured after 24h; finally, functional recovery was evaluated during the 14 days following ischemia by the rotarod and treadmill tests.

Results
IRI-related hepatic and muscular damage was significantly reduced by dexketoprofen, although its effect on hepatic damage was seen earlier. However, the treatment had no beneficial effect on renal damage, nor did it reduce limb edema with respect to the vehicle group (63±7.8 vs 73±10mm; p&gt;0.05). In addition, dexketoprofen anticipated functional recovery between 2 and 9 days compared to untreated animals, as assessed by rotarod and treadmill tests.

Conclusion
Dexketoprofen treatment proved to be effective, reducing both hepatic and muscular damage secondary to IRI, as well as hastening the functional recovery of treated animals.
Apathy scores in Parkinson’s disease relate to EEG components in an incentivized motor task
Authors: Lee Soojin , Song Esther , Zhu Maria , Appel-Cresswell Silke , McKeown Martin J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Apathy is one of the most prevalent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and is characterized by decreased goal-directed behaviour due to a lack of motivation and/or impaired emotional reactivity. Despite its high prevalence, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying apathy in Parkinson’s disease, which may guide neuromodulation interventions, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neural oscillatory characteristics of apathy in Parkinson’s disease using EEG data recorded during an incentivized motor task. Thirteen Parkinson’s disease patients with apathy and 13 Parkinson’s disease patients without apathy as well as 12 healthy controls were instructed to squeeze a hand grip device to earn a monetary reward proportional to the grip force they used. Event-related spectral perturbations during the presentation of a reward cue and squeezing were analysed using multiset canonical correlation analysis to detect different orthogonal components of temporally consistent event-related spectral perturbations across trials and participants. The first component, predominantly located over parietal regions, demonstrated suppression of low-beta (12–20 Hz) power (i.e. beta desynchronization) during reward cue presentation that was significantly smaller in Parkinson’s disease patients with apathy compared with healthy controls. Unlike traditional event-related spectral perturbation analysis, the beta desynchronization in this component was significantly correlated with clinical apathy scores. Higher monetary rewards resulted in larger beta desynchronization in healthy controls but not Parkinson’s disease patients. The second component contained gamma and theta frequencies and demonstrated exaggerated theta (4–8 Hz) power in Parkinson’s disease patients with apathy during the reward cue and squeezing compared with healthy controls (HCs), and this was positively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. The third component, over central regions, demonstrated significantly different beta power across groups, with apathetic groups having the lowest beta power. Our results emphasize that altered low-beta and low-theta oscillations are critical for reward processing and motor planning in Parkinson’s disease patients with apathy and these may provide a target for non-invasive neuromodulation.
Pulsed field ablation of spatiotemporal electrogram dispersion following pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial linear lesions for persistent atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Sousonis Vasileios , Voglimacci-Stephanopoli Quentin , Zeriouh Sarah , Boveda Serge , Albenque Jean Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging, with atrial substrate modification often being performed as an adjunct to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel ablation modality that carries a favourable safety profile, which could facilitate complex procedures.

Case summary
We present the case of a 60-year-old male undergoing catheter ablation for symptomatic persistent AF. The procedure was performed with the Farapulse™ PFA system in a stepwise manner, including PVI and linear lesions for the isolation of the posterior left atrial wall and the ablation of the mitral isthmus. The final step of the procedure included the ablation of areas exhibiting spatiotemporal electrogram dispersion, identified with the help of artificial intelligence–based software (VX1, Volta Medical) in both atria. Sinus rhythm was restored after the abolition of an electrogram dispersion zone in the right atrium. The procedure was carried out without any complications.

Discussion
Complex ablation procedures for persistent AF can be successfully performed with PFA. In the context of such extensive ablation strategies, PFA is an attractive energy source, given its non-thermal nature that is known to prevent damage to surrounding tissue and result in less chronic fibrosis. However, caution should be exercised to avoid excessive ablation when using the currently available multispline PFA catheter, as it may inadvertently target adjacent areas of healthy myocardium.
Work–family conflicts and sickness absence—a register-linked cohort study among young and early midlife employees
Authors: Salonsalmi Aino , Kouvonen Anne , Rahkonen Ossi , Lahelma Eero , Lallukka Tea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Work–family conflicts (WFC) have been associated with poor mental health, poor self-rated health and sickness absence. However, studies on short sickness absence are lacking and more information is needed also about long sickness absence regarding the direction of WFC, and potential explaining factors particularly among young and early middle-aged employees.

Methods
The Helsinki Health Study baseline survey (2017) among 19- to 39-year-old municipal employees (N = 3683, 80% women, response rate 51.5%) was linked to employer’s sickness absence data. The associations of work-to-family conflicts (WTFC) and family-to-work conflicts (FTWC) with short (1–7 days) and long (over 7 days) sickness absence were analyzed using negative binomial regression analysis. Covariates were age, gender, family-related factors and work-related factors. Stratified analyses by occupational class were performed. The results are presented as rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals.

Results
High WTFC were associated with short (1.25, 1.12–1.40) and long (1.37, 1.11-1.70) sickness absence. High FTWC were also associated with short (1.12, 1.03–1.22) and long (1.24, 1.06–1.45) sickness absence. Adjustment for family-related factors strengthened the associations, whereas adjustment for work-related factors abolished the associations between WTFC and sickness absence. Associations between WFC and sickness absence were observed among two lowest occupational classes only.

Conclusion
WFC are associated with both short and long sickness absence. Work-related factors including the quality of supervisory work and shift work play a role in the association. Intervention studies could determine if improvements in combining work and family life lead to a reduction in sickness absence.
Factors Associated With Longitudinal Patterns of Hearing Aid Use
Authors: Gahlon Grace , Garcia Morales Emmanuel E , Assi Lama , Reed Nicholas S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The objectives of this study are to identify patterns of hearing aid usage among U.S. National Health & Aging Trends Study (NHATS) participants and to examine users’ characteristics associated with each pattern.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from 666 adults ages 65 and above from NHATS, we analyzed individuals’ self-reported hearing aid use from eight waves of data, 2011–2018, using group-based trajectory modeling to identify clusters of individuals with similar utilization patterns of use over time. Potential risk factors associated with membership to a specific group included baseline sociodemographic characteristics, problems with activities of daily living, presence of a caregiver, and experiencing problems with their hearing aid. We compute and analyze the odds ratios between individuals’ baseline characteristics and group membership.

Results
We identified three utilization group patterns: continued use (n = 510, 76.6%), interrupted use (n = 121, 18.2%), and ceased use (n = 35, 5.2%). Individuals with an income under the poverty line had 2.9 (95% CI: 1.09, 7.75) and 2.7 times (95% CI: 1.38, 5.27) the odds of being in the interrupted and ceased use group, respectively, compared with the continued use group. Other risk factors for interrupted and ceased use included lower education and having a caregiver.

Discussion and Implications
Nearly a quarter of hearing aid users experience interrupted or ceased use of hearing aids. Socioeconomic factors, such as age, income, and education, may be relevant for how individuals use assistive medical devices over time and could inform policymakers to support maintained use of hearing aids.
OBSTransformer: a deep-learning seismic phase picker for OBS data using automated labelling and transfer learning
Authors: Niksejel Alireza , Zhang Miao 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Accurate seismic phase detection and onset picking are fundamental to seismological studies. Supervised deep-learning phase pickers have shown promise with excellent performance on land seismic data. Although it may be acceptable to apply them to Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) data that are indispensable for studying ocean regions, they suffer from a significant performance drop. In this study, we develop a generalized transfer-learned OBS phase picker—OBSTransformer, based on automated labelling and transfer learning. First, we compile a comprehensive data set of catalogued earthquakes recorded by 423 OBSs from 11 temporary deployments worldwide. Through automated processes, we label the P and S phases of these earthquakes by analysing the consistency of at least three arrivals from four widely used machine learning pickers (EQTransformer, PhaseNet, Generalized Phase Detection and PickNet), as well as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) picker. This results in an inclusive OBS data set containing ∼36 000 earthquake samples. Subsequently, we use this data set for transfer learning and utilize a well-trained land machine learning model—EQTransformer as our base model. Moreover, we extract 25 000 OBS noise samples from the same OBS networks using the Kurtosis method, which are then used for model training alongside the labelled earthquake samples. Using three groups of test data sets at subglobal, regional and local scales, we demonstrate that OBSTransformer outperforms EQTransformer. Particularly, the P and S recall rates at large distances (&gt;200 km) are increased by 68 and 76 per cent, respectively. Our extensive tests and comparisons demonstrate that OBSTransformer is less dependent on the detection/picking thresholds and is more robust to noise levels.
Vedolizumab Does Not Affect Antibody Secreting Cell Recruitment to the Lactating Mammary Gland of Mothers With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Urrete Josef , Mitra Taniya , Boland Brigid S , Bertrand Kerri , Chambers Christina , Rivera-Nieves Jesús 
Published: February 2024

Lay Summary
Despite a known role for α4β7 and MAdCAM-1 for the recruitment of antibody secreting cells to the lactating mammary gland, vedolizumab which targets integrin α4β7 did not lower breastmilk IgA in lactating mothers with IBD receiving the drug. It is likely that antibody secreting cells alternatively employ α4β1 to arrest on VCAM-1 also expressed by the lactating mammary gland.
Scaling Relationships among the Mass of Eggshell, Albumen, and Yolk in Six Precocial Birds
Authors: Chen Long , Niklas Karl J , Ding Zhenhui , Gielis Johan , Miao Qinyue , Lian Meng , Shi Peijian 
Published: February 2024

Synopsis
The proportions in the size of the avian egg albumen, yolk, and shell are crucial for understanding bird survival and reproductive success because their relationships with volume and surface area can affect ecological and life history strategies. Prior studies have focused on the relationship between the albumen and the yolk, but little is known about the scaling relationship between eggshell mass and shape and the mass of the albumen and the yolk. Toward this end, 691 eggs of six precocial species were examined, and their 2-D egg profiles were photographed and digitized. The explicit Preston equation, which assumes bilateral symmetrical geometry, was used to fit the 2-D egg profiles and to calculate surface areas and volumes based on the hypothesis that eggs can be treated as solids of profile revolution. The scaling relationships of eggshell mass (Ms), albumen mass (Ma), and yolk mass (My), as well as the surface area (S), volume (V), and total mass (Mt) were determined. The explicit Preston equation was validated in describing the 2-D egg profiles. The scaling exponents of Ma vs. Ms, My vs. Ms, and My vs. Ma were smaller than unity, indicating that increases in Ma and My fail to keep pace with increases in Ms, and that increases in My fail to keep pace with increases in Ma. Therefore, increases in unit nutrient contents (i.e., the yolk) involve disproportionately larger increases in eggshell mass and disproportionately larger increases in albumen mass. The data also revealed a 2/3-power scaling relationship between S and V for each species, that is, the simple Euclidean geometry is obeyed. These findings help to inform our understanding of avian egg construction and reveal evolutionary interspecific trends in the scaling of egg shape, volume, mass, and mass allocation.
The Political Economy of Life Satisfaction: Democracy, National Wealth, and Personal Income
Authors: Bellinger Nisha , Krieckhaus Jonathan , Son Byunghwan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNumerous studies examine the micro-dynamics of subjective well-being (SWB) generally, or life satisfaction (LS) more specifically. Others also document the macro determinants of SWB and LS. We propose a model linking the two, in which an individual’s life satisfaction is contingent on (1) personal circumstances, (2) national factors such as democratic governance and the national wealth, and (3) the explicit interaction of these two levels of analysis. We test three sets of hypotheses that arise from this model with compiled data from six waves of the World Values Survey (WVS) data. The empirical evidence we present supports most of the hypotheses, including our novel proposition that both national wealth and democracy reduce the effect of individual personal income on LS.
Access to Work for Those Seeking Asylum: Concerns Arising from British and Swedish Legal Strategies
Authors: Herzfeld Olsson Petra , Novitz Tonia 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
This article seeks to probe the controversial relationship between seeking asylum and the permission (or obligation) to work. In doing so, we recognise the concurrent claims that can be made for asylum and access to the labour market, problematising the concept of ‘work’ and its relationship to freedom and dignity from the perspective of international refugee law and European human rights norms alongside European Union (EU) law. We examine how British and Swedish legal systems have reflected two starkly opposed policy stances. The UK has long denied asylum seekers the financial and psychological benefits that come with work usually until refugee status is formally granted, but the Swedish system has facilitated a complementary pathway for asylum seekers whose labour can make (what is determined politically to be) a sufficient contribution to the economy. We identify the perceived benefits and failings of each strategy. In this context, we observe that the status quo in both countries is changing and even arguably converging around an illiberal consensus regarding the relationship between asylum and work, which will demand further attention and potentially legal challenges in the years to come.
Trends in antibiotic prescribing in primary care out-of-hours doctors’ services in Ireland
Authors: Shah Mala , Barbosa Teresa M , Stack Gary , Fleming Aoife 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Infections are a common reason for patient consultation in out-of-hours (OOH) doctors’ services. Surveillance of antibiotic prescribing in OOH settings is important to develop tailored antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions.

Objectives
To evaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns in OOH services in the Cork Kerry region, Ireland to inform future AMS interventions.

Methods
A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted of all oral antibiotic prescriptions in OOH doctors’ consultations between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2021 in the region. Data were gathered on age, gender, date and time of consultation, consultation method (in person, remote), antibiotic and its indication. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel v.2018 and SPSS v.28.

Results
Overall, 17% (69 017 of 406 812) of the OOH doctors’ consultations resulted in an antibiotic prescription during the study period. This varied from 31% of OOH consultations in December 2019 to less than 2% of OOH consultations in April 2020. Of the antibiotics prescribed, 21% were for children under 6 years old. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) were the most common indication for antibiotics (59%). Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (40% of all prescriptions). Red (reserved) antibiotics accounted for 19% of all prescriptions. During the COVID-19 pandemic period of the study, 66% of 49 421 of antibiotic prescriptions were issued from remote consultations.

Conclusions
Low antibiotic prescribing levels during the early stages of the pandemic were not sustained. Antibiotic prescriptions from remote consultations were common. A key opportunity for AMS is addressing the volume of antibiotic prescribing for RTIs, particularly in children.
Amphidromous shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea): current knowledge and future research
Authors: de Mazancourt Valentin , Ravaux Juliette 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe caridean shrimps comprise one of the largest groups of amphidromous species, sharing their life cycle between freshwater habitats and the ocean. Key species of tropical ecosystems, some of which are also targets for local or international markets without any regulations being implemented, make carideans particularly vulnerable to the threats facing natural populations. We present an inventory of amphidromous carideans and an overview of their habitats, the interests they arouse, because of their ecological role as well as for their commercial importance and the threats they face. We suggest directions for future research following an experimental-biology approach, that may help to assess risks and impacts on natural habitats and ultimately prioritize conservation and management projects.
Fingolimod—(no) injunction before patent grant
Authors: Stief Marco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the position of European courts on the availability of preliminary injunctions on the basis of a patent application, reviewing several national decisions in the fingolimod litigation. The decisions handed down by the Düsseldorf Regional Court, the Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris, the Danish Maritime and Commercial Court, the District Court of The Hague and the Barcelona Commercial Court show that the courts, with limited exceptions, reject provisional legal protection on the basis of a mere patent application on the grounds of absence of legal certainty. The analysis identifies four (minimum) prerequisites that must be fulfilled for the courts to consider the possibility of issuing an injunction before a patent is granted.