bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19, health librarianship and the wider context
Authors: Grant Maria J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this second special collection of COVID‐19‐related manuscripts, our focus moves from health information within academia to health librarianship in the wider context. Although COVID‐19 manuscripts may still occasionally appear in the Health Information and Libraries Journal, the World Health Organisation's declaration earlier this year of an end to the global health emergency marks an intentional editorial shift to adopting a broader perspective in publishing this type of work, a focus on public health information challenges and emergency preparedness, and a return to publishing a more familiar range of health library and information contexts and practice.
Train driver selection: The impact of cognitive ability on train driving performance
Authors: Collins Michael D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTrain driving is a demanding form of human performance where inattention or distraction can lead to serious errors and accidents. Train drivers, therefore, require a unique set of abilities to deal with these demands, especially when exposed to competing or conflicting performance expectations (e.g., on‐time performance and following safety rules). Cognitive abilities, in particular, are considered essential to safe and effective train driving. Selective attention is one such ability, however, other cognitive abilities can be equally important. Drawing on self‐control theory, this article examines the combined effect of selective attention, fluid intelligence, and verbal reasoning on train driving performance. The results of a study involving 101 experienced train drivers indicates that drivers with low selective attention, low fluid intelligence, and low verbal reasoning perform worse on a train simulator driving assessment than drivers who are higher in these cognitive abilities. The results from this study provide direction for future rail safety research and guidance for practitioners responsible for assessing and selecting train drivers.
Four‐year review of New Zealand laboratory infliximab and adalimumab concentration results indicating potential for improved dosing
Authors: Keating Paula E. , Hock Barry D. , Smith Stewart M. , Chin Paul K. L. , O'Donnell John L. , Barclay Murray L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA review of laboratory results across New Zealand for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab and adalimumab concentrations and antidrug antibodies (ADAs) over 4 years was completed. Of 6591 results, the median serum concentration for infliximab was 5.7 mg/L and for adalimumab was 5.5 mg/L. Subtherapeutic drug concentrations (<7 mg/L) were measured in 54% of samples. Drug concentrations <2 mg/L were measured in 23% of samples, with ADAs detected in 51% of these. The high number of samples with subtherapeutic drug concentrations and common ADA detection is consistent with failing therapy but could also suggest that standard dosing is frequently too low for patients. These results reinforce the value of antitumour necrosis factor drug TDM in making decisions to adjust dosing or switch agents in patients taking infliximab and adalimumab.
No relationship between socioeconomic status, education level and development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a FIELD trial substudy
Authors: Rao Ben , Januszewski Andrzej S. , Brazionis Laima , O'Connell Rachel , Aryal Nanda , Shimmin Georgia , O'Day Justin , Mitchell Paul , Colman Peter G. , Keech Anthony C. , Jenkins Alicia J ,   the FIELD trial investigators
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 6002 Australian adults with type 2 diabetes and a median 5‐year follow‐up in the FIELD (Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes) trial, baseline socioeconomic status (SES) and self‐reported education level were not related to development of on‐trial sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, in a retinal photography substudy (n = 549), two‐step diabetic retinopathy progression was not related to SES or education.
Hidden and unacknowledged: The mental health and psychosocial interventions delivered by school nurses in Western Australia
Authors: Moyes Anita , McGough Shirley , Wynaden Dianne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchools are an important setting for the early identification, assessment and intervention of mental health problems in children and young people. Internationally, many nurses work in schools, but the role of this group with young people experiencing mental health problems has had only limited investigation. This study explored the activities school nurses undertook with young people experiencing mental health problems in Australia. Reporting was guided by the COREQ checklist. Thirty‐one nurses participated in a semi‐structured interview. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method of analysis as developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967). The findings identified that nurses working in schools undertake a complex and sophisticated workload to support this cohort. In addition to assessment and referral for treatment, interventions assisted young people to manage challenging life circumstances, cope with intensely difficult emotions and improve their social and occupational functioning. The work of school nurses with young people experiencing mental health problems is hidden and unacknowledged. A better understanding of the mental health work school nurses undertake can inform enhanced service provision for children, young people and their families. The research findings will be of interest to mental health nurses, education professionals, parents, policy makers and governments.
Instrumentation time and effectiveness of hand and rotary files in a prototyped second mandibular primary molar: A micro‐CT study
Authors: Rêgo Emily Feitosa , Silva Renata Perez Vianna , de Sá Silva Aline Saddock , Marceliano‐Alves Marília Fagury Videira , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Primo Laura Guimarães , Neves Aline de Almeida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEccentric instruments have been proposed as more effective and less time‐consuming for endodontic instrumentation.AimTo compare biomechanical outcomes of different instrumentation systems and time undertaken for instrumentation in resin prototypes.DesignSixty standardized prototypes of mandibular second primary molars were instrumented according to the following systems: K‐files, ProTaper Next (PTN), XP‐endo Shaper (XPS), XP‐endo Finisher (XPF), XP–Clean (XPC), and Sequence Baby File (SBF; n = 10/each). Irrigation was performed with saline with simultaneous aspiration, and time spent was recorded. The prototypes were micro‐CT‐scanned before and after the instrumentation, and image sets were reconstructed and registered. Non‐instrumented areas, accumulated debris, removed root material volume, and canal transportation were quantified. Data were analyzed through ANOVA, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (α = 5%).ResultsK‐files and SBF resulted in more instrumentation time (p < .05). SBF, XPC and PTN removed less root dentine (p < .05), but PTN left more untouched areas (p < .05). Accumulated debris were lower for XPC and SBF (p < .05). Canal transportation was similar among the groups.ConclusionRotary systems reduced instrumentation time, whereas SBF and XPC resulted in more conservative instrumentation, with less debris accumulation and non‐instrumented areas. A dedicated paediatric endodontic system (SBF) outperformed eccentric instruments in terms of effectiveness.
Inpatient burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age in Germany: A retrospective analysis of nationwide hospitalization data, 2019–2022
Authors: Wick Moritz , Poshtiban Anahita , Kramer Rolf , Bangert Mathieu , Lange Matthias , Wetzke Martin , Damm Oliver 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory tract disease in seasonal waves, primarily in infants and young children. This study aims to quantify the number of RSV‐related hospitalizations in children ≤2 years of age and to determine corresponding resource use and costs in Germany.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed population‐wide hospital data from the Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK) from 2019 to 2022. RSV cases were identified using the RSV‐specific 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) codes J12.1, J20.5, and J21.0. The RSV‐associated proportion of all hospitalizations caused by severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs), clinical manifestations, length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, ventilation rates, and hospitalization costs were retrieved.ResultsWe identified 98,220 hospitalizations (26,052, 15,407, 31,362, and 25,399 in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively) with a principal RSV diagnosis in children aged ≤2 years in Germany. The majority of RSV hospitalizations (73,178) occurred in infants (<1 year), with annual incidence rates ranging from 14.9 to 28.6 per 1000 population. Fifty‐eight percent of all SARI hospitalizations in this age group were attributable to RSV. In children aged ≤2 years, mean LOS was 4.5 days, 6.1% of cases were admitted to ICU, and 5.3% of cases were ventilated. Mean hospitalization costs per case ranged from €3001 to €3961 over the study period.ConclusionsRSV causes substantial disease burden and is a leading cause of SARI‐related hospital admissions of children ≤2 years of age in Germany. Our results confirm the need to explore and evaluate strategies to prevent RSV in infants and young children.
Burden of seasonal influenza in the Swiss adult population during the 2016/2017–2018/2019 influenza seasons
Authors: Ammann Daniel , Bilger Jana , Loiacono Matthew M. , Oberle Susanne G. , Dounas Andreas , Manuel Oriol , Pletscher Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the burden of seasonal influenza in Switzerland is scarce, yet it is critical for the design of effective prevention and control measures. The objective of this study was to assess influenza‐related resource utilization, health care expenditures and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) lost in Switzerland across the 2016/2017–2018/2019 influenza seasons.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed multiple real‐world data sources to calculate epidemiological and health outcomes, QALYs lost, and direct medical costs due to influenza in the Swiss adult population. Subgroups included residents 18–49, 50–64, and 65+ years of age. The observation period was Week 26, 2016, to Week 25, 2019.ResultsAcross the three seasons, we estimated seasonal averages of 203,090 (se ± 26,717) general practitioner (GP) visits for influenza‐like illness (ILI) 4944 (se ± 785) influenza‐attributable hospitalizations and 1355 (se ± 169) excess deaths attributable to influenza. We estimated a total loss of 8429 (2016/2017), 11,179 (2017/2018), and 7701 (2018/2019) QALYs due to influenza. On average, 88% of the loss in QALYs was attributed to premature deaths due to influenza.The total direct medical costs amounted to 44.4 (2016/2017), 77.3 (2017/2018), and 64.5 (2018/2019) million euros. On average, 79.6% of the total costs arose due to hospitalizations.ConclusionsIn Switzerland, the burden of influenza on patients and payers is significant and particularly high in the elderly population. Policy interventions to increase vaccination rates and the uptake of more effective vaccines among the elderly are needed to reduce the burden of influenza.
Traits contributing to salinity tolerance in rice genotypes from the Mekong Delta
Authors: Johnson Kristian , Vu Duy Hoang , Asch Folkard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncreasing sea level rise and subsequent salinization in mega deltas, such as the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), pose a risk to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production during the dry season. This study investigated the salinity resistance of a selection of common rice genotypes from the VMD along with an international check, IR64. The 20 rice varieties were grown hydroponically for 5 weeks in a greenhouse and then exposed to three levels of NaCl concentration (0 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM) over a period of 2 weeks to determine their susceptibility to salinity. Rice plants were scored and SPAD (leaf greenness) and PRI (photochemical reflectance index) were measured on the youngest fully developed leaf on the main tiller. After harvesting the 7‐week‐old plants, biomass and ion (K+, Cl−, Na+) content were determined by organ across all tillers. Averaged over all varieties, both at 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl, there was a significant reduction in plant biomass, 39% and 52% respectively. However, the effect of the NaCl treatments and the uptake of Cl− and Na+ were significantly different between varieties (p < .0001). Using biomass and ion content as part of a multivariate analysis, varieties were classified according to their susceptibility to salinity and their predominant strategy towards managing ion accumulation. The grouped varieties were further characterized by patterns in Cl− and Na+ partitioning and nondestructive parameters such as SPAD and PRI.
The effect of room‐temperature plastic deformation in darkness on the photoluminescence properties of ZnS
Authors: Ogura Yu , Nakamura Atsutomo , Kameyama Tatsuya , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Tochigi Eita , Shibata Naoya , Torimoto Tsukasa , Hoshino Sena , Yokoi Tatsuya , Matsunaga Katsuyuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInorganic semiconductors have been considered to be brittle at room temperature generally, but recently zinc sulfide (ZnS), a II–VI compound semiconductor, was found to exhibit extraordinarily large plasticity even at room temperature if it was deformed in darkness. Room‐temperature plastic deformation can achieve high density of glide dislocations in the crystal without significantly changing the point defect structure, and these dislocations themselves have a potential to provide unique functional properties different from those of the bulk. In this study, therefore, undoped ZnS crystals were plastically deformed at room temperature in darkness to generate only a large number of dislocations, and the changes in luminescence properties resulting from this process were investigated for the first time. As a result, we found that ZnS deformed in darkness exhibits characteristic photoluminescence and persistent luminescence emissions with a visible green color. SEM‐CL analyses also identified the emissions from the dislocations. Theoretical calculations indicated that individual dislocations in ZnS have the ability to trap photo‐excited carriers. Such changes in luminescence properties due to room temperature plastic deformation in darkness can be considered to originate from dislocations rather than point defects. In other words, the dislocations themselves serve as the significant recombination centers, realizing visible light emission.
Diffusion zone evolution around growing crystals in combeite glass
Authors: Macena Guilherme S. , Abyzov Alexander S. , Fokin Vladimir , Nascimento Marcio L. F. , Zanotto Edgar D. , Ferreira Eduardo B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe precipitation of nonstoichiometric crystals (of different composition from the parent glass) motivated us to study the stoichiometric Na2O·2CaO·3SiO2 ( N2CS3) glass‐forming system comprehensively. The concentration profiles of Na and Ca in the diffusion zone around Na4+2xCa4−x[Si6O18], , crystals in an N2C3S glass were characterized by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and were then theoretically described. We show that the diffusion zone is formed because of the rejection of part of calcium by the growing crystal. The radial variation of the Ca concentrations and the crystal nucleation rate through the diffusion zone were analyzed simultaneously. We found that the nucleation rate in the diffusion zone near the crystal–glass interface drastically decreases due to the increase in the work of critical cluster formation resulting from the composition change. In contrast, the diffusion activation barrier remains practically constant. Moreover, the Ca diffusion coefficients, DCa, in Na2O·2CaO·3SiO2 and CaO·SiO2 glasses show the same Arrhenius dependence, demonstrating that (surprisingly) DCa does not depend on the glass composition in the CaO·SiO2–Na2O·SiO2 metasilicate joint. This work provides the quantitative spatial distribution of chemical components in a partially crystallized glass, shedding light on solid solution crystallization in a glass‐forming liquid and its consequences.
Clinicians' experiences of caring for people brought in by police to the emergency department: A qualitative interpretive study
Authors: Wardrop Rachel , Ranse Jamie , Crilly Julia , Stubbs Nicole , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore nurses' and doctors' experiences of providing care to people brought in by police (BIBP) to the emergency department (ED).DesignA qualitative interpretive study using in‐depth individual interviews.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses and doctors who worked in various EDs in one Australian state and were involved in the care of people BIBP. Interviews were undertaken between May and October 2022 and focused on the structures (i.e., what), processes (i.e., how) and outcomes of care for people BIBP. Data were analysed using deductive and then inductive content analysis.ResultsNine nurses and eight doctors were interviewed. Structures described by participants included human structures (staff) and organizational structures (areas for assessment, involuntary assessment orders, investigations, chemical/physical restraints). For processes, participants described practices including risk/mental health assessments, legal considerations, and increased/decreased levels of care compared to other presentations. Communication processes were largely between police and health care staff. Service outcomes pertained to discharge location (custody, community, hospital admission) and length of stay.ConclusionThe current care delivery for people BIBP to the ED is unique and complex, often occurring in high traffic, resource‐intensive areas. There is a need to strengthen structures and processes, to improve service outcomes.Implications for the ProfessionUnderstanding the care requirements for people brought into ED by police enables the delivery of targeted care alongside appropriate resource allocation.ImpactThis study provides a comprehensive understanding of the health care requirements for people BIBP to EDs. Interventions delivered in the ED to support health care delivery for people BIBP and foster clinician and police relationships are required to optimize patient and health service outcomes.Reporting MethodThis study adheres to the COREQ checklist (Table S1) of the EQUATOR guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionThis study focused on ED staff experiences.
Frailty and social isolation before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among older adults: A path analysis
Authors: Su Ya , Hamatani Masako , Yuki Michiko , Ogawa Natsuka , Kawahara Kayoko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the prevalence of social isolation among Japanese community‐dwelling older adults before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as determine how family and friend connections before and during the pandemic affected frail older adults during the pandemic.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 852 community‐dwelling older adults in Hokkaido and Tokyo, Japan were surveyed conducted between April and November 2021 using convenience sampling. The Lubben social network scale‐6, frailty screening index, and geriatric depression scale were used to assess social isolation, frailty and depression, respectively. A path analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of social isolation on frailty.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 76.8 ± 6.6 years. Overall, 46% and 59% of participants were socially isolated before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, respectively. Frailty was found in 19% of participants during the pandemic. Friends and family connectedness before the pandemic had no direct relationship with frailty; only friend connectedness affected frailty indirectly via depression. Family connectedness during the pandemic had a significant, negative and direct relationship with frailty.ConclusionThe findings show that connectedness with family and friends is critical for older people's physical and mental health.ImpactNurses in the community should consider these findings to reduce mental health problems and physical decline among older adults. It is important to identify older adults who are socially isolated from their families or friends and provide resources to help them build relationships within their communities.Patient or Public ContributionCommunity centre staff and community volunteers assisted in data collection. The public was not involved in data analysis, interpretation or manuscript preparation.
Implementation leadership of the Resident Assessment Instrument in healthcare services for older people: An interview study of specialists
Authors: Kuha Suvi , Vähäkangas Pia , Kanste Outi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe aim was to explore implementation leadership of the Resident Assessment Instrument in healthcare services for older people from the perspective of specialists.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsThematic interviews with 21 specialists were conducted between April 2022 and June 2022 in eight health and social, one educational and one research organization in Finland. The data were analysed with deductive–inductive content analysis using the Resident Assessment Instrument implementation leadership framework developed for this study.ResultsIn implementation leadership of Resident Assessment Instrument, the need for leaders' support and capabilities to ensure that the conditions and supporting structures for implementation are present was emphasized. Regular and continuous basic and advanced training for professionals and leaders' competencies were identified as crucial factors for a successful implementation process of Resident Assessment Instrument. Leading the active implementation of this instrument requires leaders' strong support and regular communication. The importance of frontline leaders and mentors was also stressed in practical implementation, while the responsibility of upper‐level leaders, especially in the use of benchmarking, was underlined for the evaluation and further improvement of organizational operations. In sustaining the implementation, it was emphasized that using the Resident Assessment Instrument is a continuous process that does not end with the implementation itself.ConclusionImplementation leadership of Resident Assessment Instrument has the potential to increase the success of the implementation process. The Resident Assessment Instrument Implementation Leadership Framework can be a useful tool for describing processes, content and leaders' roles in implementation leadership of the instrument in healthcare services for older people.ImpactThis study provides a comprehensive view of implementation leadership of the Resident Assessment Instrument implementation process in healthcare services for older people. Overall, the results indicate the significance of leadership in successful implementation.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.What Does This Article Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?Successful implementation leadership of Resident Assessment Instrument requires continuous monitoring, supporting and evaluating the implementation process. Organizations that use the Resident Assessment Instrument should strengthen their leaders' knowledge and competencies in implementation leadership to enable the full realization of the instrument's benefits. Leaders and professionals in healthcare services for older people need regular, continuous and correctly targeted basic and advanced training on the Resident Assessment Instrument.