bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some sorption characteristics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) with disperse dyes
Authors: Yang Yiqi , Brown Houston , Li Shiqi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSorption characteristics, such as sorption kinetics and isotherms, relation between dye sorption and shade development of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and their comparison with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), were reported. Results from two different dyeing rate studies, dyeing rate under constant temperature and under changing temperature, were examined to obtain the common rate constants, and to obtain information for the design of dyeing temperature profile and holding time. Rate constants of PTT were compared with that of PET. Sorption isotherms of disperse dyes on PTT were also studied. Both Nernst and Langmuir models were examined. The dye uptake ability of PTT was compared with PET. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 223–229, 2002
Functional gliding spaces of the dorsal side of the human hand
Authors: Thurmüller Petra , Schubert Markus , Bade Holger , Notermans Hans‐Peter , Knifka Jutta , Koebke Jürgen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe clinical and functional importance of gliding spaces of the hand (e.g., their role in the spread of infection or as a consideration in reconstructive surgery) has been repeatedly emphasized. However, only a few studies have provided details regarding the connective tissue spaces in the metacarpal region of the dorsal side of the human hand. The aim of the present study was to analyze the morphology and elucidate the anatomic relation of functional gliding spaces in the metacarpal region on the dorsal side of the human hand in order to provide a better understanding of function, and of clinical disorders and their treatment. To delineate these spaces we used a plastic (Acrifix 90®) injection method. Twenty fixed and unfixed cadaver hands were subcutaneously injected with Acrifix 90® (a methacrylate) into the metacarpophalangeal transitional region and into the tendon sheaths of the extensor muscles. Different colors were used to distinguish one injected plastic solution from another. The spreading pattern of the injected medium was analyzed by careful dissection. To delineate the exact bordering structures and the topography of the injected spaces, two hands were plastinated using the E12/E6 technique (von Hagens et al., Anat Embryol 1987;175:411–421), and one hand was injected and embedded in Technovit 7100® for histological investigations. Injecting the plastic into the metacarpophalangeal transitional region of fingers II–IV in a disto‐proximal direction, the solution spreads along the surface of the separate extensor tendons. It then coalesces 1–2 cm proximal to the injection points to form a continuous plastic plate, which protrudes between and on top of the previous injected tendon sheaths. In no case was a communication between the paratendinous tissue and the tendon sheaths observed. Laterally, the injected solution is delimited at the radial side of the extensor tendon of the second finger and at the ulnar side of the extensor tendon of the fourth finger. Using the described technique at the fifth finger yields a plastic plate that extends from the injection point to the tendon sheath. However, in two specimens a connection between the plastic injected into the tendon sheath of the fifth finger, and the distal injected solution was observed. Anat Rec 267:242–251, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical quality control in archaeological survey
Authors: Almagro‐Gorbea Martín , Alonso Pablo , Benito José Enrique , Martín Ana M. , Valencia José Luis 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a statistical method to establish the quality of the results in archaeological survey. A random sample, a simple statistical operation and the use of standard tables, adapted to this kind of work, allow us to determine when the archaeological prospection has an acceptable quality or not. This kind of investigation has never been undertaken in archaeology, but it will be of the most suitable use in the future to know the reliability of the results for scientific or heritage purposes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia
Authors: Gracely Richard H. , Petzke Frank , Wolf Julie M. , Clauw Daniel J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate the pattern of cerebral activation during the application of painful pressure and determine whether this pattern is augmented in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) compared with controls.MethodsPressure was applied to the left thumbnail beds of 16 right‐handed patients with FM and 16 right‐handed matched controls. Each FM patient underwent fMRI while moderately painful pressure was being applied. The functional activation patterns in FM patients were compared with those in controls, who were tested under 2 conditions: the “stimulus pressure control” condition, during which they received an amount of pressure similar to that delivered to patients, and the “subjective pain control” condition, during which the intensity of stimulation was increased to deliver a subjective level of pain similar to that experienced by patients.ResultsStimulation with adequate pressure to cause similar pain in both groups resulted in 19 regions of increased regional cerebral blood flow in healthy controls and 12 significant regions in patients. Increased fMRI signal occurred in 7 regions common to both groups, and decreased signal was observed in 1 common region. In contrast, stimulation of controls with the same amount of pressure that caused pain in patients resulted in only 2 regions of increased signal, neither of which coincided with a region of activation in patients. Statistical comparison of the patient and control groups receiving similar stimulus pressures revealed 13 regions of greater activation in the patient group. In contrast, similar stimulus pressures produced only 1 region of greater activation in the control group.ConclusionThe fact that comparable subjectively painful conditions resulted in activation patterns that were similar in patients and controls, whereas similar pressures resulted in no common regions of activation and greater effects in patients, supports the hypothesis that FM is characterized by cortical or subcortical augmentation of pain processing.
Assessment of proximal finger joint inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, using a novel laser‐based imaging technique
Authors: Scheel Alexander K. , Krause Andreas , Rheinbaben Ingolf Mesecke‐von , Metzger Georg , Rost Helmut , Tresp Volker , Mayer Peter , Reuss‐Borst Monika , Müller Gerhard A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a newly developed laser‐based imaging technique for the study of soft tissue changes and acute inflammatory processes of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA novel imaging device was developed which allows the transillumination of PIP joints using laser light in the near‐infrared wavelength range. In a first clinical followup study, a total of 72 PIP joints of 22 patients with RA and 64 PIP joints of 8 healthy controls were examined both clinically and with the new laser device. At baseline and at followup after a mean of 6 weeks, clinical signs of synovitis, the joint circumference, and the degree of pain were assessed for each PIP joint in order to determine the clinical degree of inflammation. Different features were extracted from the laser images and evaluated by a neural network.ResultsAt baseline, 72 PIP joints in the RA patients showed clinical signs of inflammation. At followup, 45 PIP joints showed clinical improvement, 13 showed steady active inflammation, and 14 showed deterioration compared with the first visit. None of the 64 PIP joints in the healthy individuals showed any signs of synovitis. The inflammatory status of 60 of the 72 RA joints examined was classified correctly by laser examination and joint circumference determination, giving a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 89%, and an accuracy of 83% in detecting inflammatory changes in affected joints. Laser data and joint circumference determination of healthy joints at followup resulted in an accuracy of 85% in reproducing the image.ConclusionThe new laser‐based imaging technique allows the transillumination of PIP joints and gives information about the inflammatory status of the joint after processing through a neural network. Our data indicate that laser imaging may provide additional information in the early diagnosis of an inflammatory joint process and may prove particularly useful in assessing acute joint inflammation at followup.
Two NOD Idd‐associated intervals contribute synergistically to the development of autoimmune exocrinopathy (Sjögren's syndrome) on a healthy murine background
Authors: Cha Seunghee , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Brown Vinette B. , Peck Ammon B. , Humphreys‐Beher Michael G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe NOD mouse is genetically predisposed to the development of at least 2 autoimmune diseases, autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune exocrinopathy (AEC). More than 19 chromosomal intervals (referred to as Idd regions) that contribute to diabetes susceptibility in the NOD mouse model have been identified, but only 2 chromosomal intervals (associated with Idd3 and Idd5) have been shown to control sialadenitis. In the present study, we bred the Idd3 and Idd5 chromosomal intervals from NOD mice into non‐autoimmune C57BL/6 mice to determine if these intervals recreate a Sjögren's syndrome (SS)‐like phenotype.MethodsC57BL/6.NODc3 mice carrying Idd3 and C57BL/6.NODc1t mice carrying Idd5 were crossed and intercrossed to generate a C57BL/6.NODc3.NODc1t mouse line homozygous for the Idd3 and Idd5 chromosomal intervals on an otherwise disease‐resistant genetic background. C57BL/6.NODc3.NODc1t mice were evaluated for biochemical, pathophysiologic, and immunologic markers characteristic of the SS‐like phenotype present in the NOD mouse.ResultsC57BL/6.NODc3.NODc1t mice fully manifested the SS‐like phenotype of the NOD mouse, including decreased salivary and lacrimal gland secretory flow rates, increased salivary protein content due in part to less fluid, aberrant proteolytic enzyme activity, decline in amylase activity, appearance of autoantibodies to exocrine gland proteins, and glandular lymphocytic focal infiltrates. Loss of secretory function occurred more rapidly in C57BL/6.NODc3.NODc1t mice (by 12 weeks of age) than in NOD mice (by 16 weeks of age). No signs of insulitis or autoimmune (type 1) diabetes were observed in the C57BL/6.NODc3.NODc1t mice.ConclusionGenes located within the 2 chromosomal intervals Idd3 and Idd5 appear necessary and sufficient for manifestation of AEC. We propose that this murine model of SS‐like disease be designated C57BL/6.NOD‐Aec1Aec2. Identification of specific genes within the Aec1 and Aec2 genetic regions should help elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying SS‐like disease.
Elevated levels of platelet microparticles are associated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Knijff‐Dutmer E. A. J. , Koerts J. , Nieuwland R. , Kalsbeek‐Batenburg E. M. , Van De Laar M. A. F. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivePlatelets are involved in various thrombotic events, often by means of platelet‐derived microparticles (PMPs). It is likely that platelets are also involved in inflammation. Because inflammatory processes play a central role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we sought to determine whether PMPs are present in this disease.MethodsThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study included 19 RA patients and 10 healthy controls. Nine of the patients had active RA (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] ≥28 mm/hour and/or C‐reactive protein [CRP] level ≥28 mg/liter, ≥9 painful joints, and ≥6 swollen joints), and 10 had inactive disease (ESR ≤27 mm/hour, CRP ≤27 mg/liter, no tender joints, and no swollen joints). Platelet counts and PMP numbers were determined using cell counter and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsPlatelet counts in the 3 groups were similar. However, levels of PMPs in RA patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (median 616 versus 118 × 106/liter; P = 0.005). PMP levels were higher in patients with active RA than in those with inactive RA (median 2,104 versus 504 × 106/liter; P > 0.05). Moreover, PMP levels correlated with disease activity (r = 0.67, P = 0.05).ConclusionPMPs are associated with RA, and PMP levels are correlated with disease activity. Thus, platelets probably play a part in the inflammatory process of RA by means of PMPs. Given the importance of PMPs in cardiovascular diseases, this may be one reason for the enhanced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in RA.
Psychological interventions for rheumatoid arthritis: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Astin John A. , Beckner William , Soeken Karen , Hochberg Marc C. , Berman Brian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo carry out a systematic review of the literature examining the efficacy of psychological interventions (e.g., relaxation, biofeedback, cognitive–behavioral therapy) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsStudies that met the following criteria were included: random assignment, wait‐list or usual care control condition; publication in peer‐reviewed journals; treatment that included some psychological component beyond simply providing education information; and separate data provided for patients with RA if subjects with conditions other than RA were included. Two investigators independently extracted data on study design, sample size and characteristics, type of intervention, type of control, direction and nature of the outcome(s).ResultsTwenty‐five trials met the inclusion criteria. Methodologic quality was assessed, and effect sizes were calculated for 6 outcomes. Significant pooled effect sizes were found postintervention for pain (0.22), functional disability (0.27), psychological status (0.15), coping (0.46), and self efficacy (0.35). At followup (averaging 8.5 months), significant pooled effect sizes were observed for tender joints (0.33), psychological status (0.30), and coping (0.52). No clear or consistent patterns emerged when effect sizes for different types of treatment and control conditions were compared, or when higher quality trials were compared to lower quality ones. Findings do, however, suggest that these psychological interventions may be more effective for patients who have had the illness for shorter duration.ConclusionsDespite some methodologic flaws in the literature, psychological interventions may be important adjunctive therapies in the medical management of RA.
The effects of age and sex on chondroitin sulfates in normal synovial fluid
Authors: Nakayama Yoshihito , Narita Tetsuya , Mori Atsushi , Uesaka Shinji , Miyazaki Kyosuke , Ito Hiromoto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how age and sex influence chondroitin sulfates (CS) in normal synovial fluid, we measured the concentrations of chondroitin 6‐sulfate (C6S), chondroitin 4‐sulfate (C4S), and hyaluronic acid (HA) in healthy subjects of different ages.MethodsSynovial fluid samples were obtained from 82 healthy volunteers, ages 20–79 years.ResultsThe concentrations of CS and HA and the C6S:C4S ratio varied with age. Their values were highest between 20 and 30 years of age, and thereafter they showed a tendency to decrease. Statistically, the C6S concentration and the C6S:C4S ratio at ages 60–70 years were significantly lower than those at 20–30 years of age. There was also a clear between‐sex difference, in which the CS concentrations and the C6S:C4S ratio in women were significantly lower than those in men (P= 0.0003 for C6S,P= 0.02 for C4S,P= 0.002 for C6S:C4S ratio). In sharp contrast, little between‐sex difference was found in the HA concentration. In multiple regression analysis, age correlated strongly with the C6S concentration and the C6S:C4S ratio (r = −0.521 and r = −0.617, respectively), weakly with the C4S concentration (r = −0.202), and moderately with the HA concentration (r = −0.483). Sex showed a weak correlation with the concentrations of C6S and C4S and the C6S:C4S ratio (r = 0.307, r = 0.225, and r = 0.237, respectively), and little correlation was seen between sex and the HA concentration.ConclusionThe CS concentrations and the sulfation patterns in normal synovial fluid vary with age and sex, and these physiologic variations need to be taken into account when using synovial fluid CS as markers for arthritic conditions.
The safety of celecoxib in patients with aspirin‐sensitive asthma
Authors: Woessner Katharine M. , Simon Ronald A. , Stevenson Donald D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) inhibitor, cross‐reacts in patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) with asthma.MethodsSixty patients with asthma underwent double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled oral challenges with celecoxib (100 mg, 200 mg, and 2 placebos) over 48 hours in our General Clinical Research Center. The next day, sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was proven in all patients with the use of single‐blinded ASA challenges.ResultsNone of the 60 patients experienced any symptoms, changes in nasal examinations, or declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second during the celecoxib challenges. All 60 patients experienced oculonasal and/or asthmatic reactions to ASA, with a mean provoking dose of 69 mg. The exact 1‐sided confidence interval for the probability of celecoxib inducing cross‐reactions in AERD patients was calculated to be between 0% and 5%.ConclusionCross‐reactivity between ASA and celecoxib does not occur in patients with AERD. These results do not preclude the possibility of other types of immune reactions occurring with celecoxib after prior exposure. Our results add to the growing body of evidence that inhibition of COX‐1 is a critical initiating event in the precipitation of respiratory reactions in AERD patients following ingestion of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibits interleukin‐1β–induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide in human chondrocytes: Suppression of nuclear factor κB activation by degradation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor κB
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Ahmed Salahuddin , Islam Najmul , Goldberg Victor M. , Haqqi Tariq M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) induces the production of high levels of nitric oxide (NO) in human chondrocytes. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenols are potent antiinflammatory agents and have been shown to inhibit NO production in tumor cell lines. In the present study, we examined the effect of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, on IL‐1β–induced production of NO in primary human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes.MethodsHuman chondrocytes were derived from OA cartilage and were treated with EGCG (100 μM) and IL‐1β (2 ng/ml) for different periods, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA and protein expression was determined by real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Production of NO was determined as nitrite in culture supernatant. Activation and translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), levels of inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκB), and NF‐κB DNA binding activity were determined by Western blotting and a highly sensitive and specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Activity of IκB kinase was determined using in vitro kinase assay.ResultsHuman chondrocytes cotreated with EGCG produced significantly less NO compared with chondrocytes stimulated with IL‐1β alone (P < 0.005). The inhibition of NO production correlated with the suppression of induction and expression of NF‐κB–dependent gene iNOS. EGCG inhibited the activation and translocation of NF‐κB to the nucleus by suppressing the degradation of its inhibitory protein IκBα in the cytoplasm.ConclusionOur results indicate that EGCG inhibits the IL‐1β–induced production of NO in human chondrocytes by interfering with the activation of NF‐κB through a novel mechanism. Our data further suggest that EGCG may be a therapeutically effective inhibitor of IL‐1β–induced inflammatory effects that are dependent on NF‐κB activation in human OA chondrocytes.
When negative evidence increases confidence: change in belief after hearing two sides of a dispute
Authors: McKenzie Craig R. M. , Lee Susanna M. , Chen Karen K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFour experiments examined change in confidence after hearing two sides of a dispute. The results showed that a case independently judged to weakly support one side often increased confidence that the opposing side was correct. Furthermore, the stronger the first case, the more likely a subsequent weak case had a reverse impact. Traditional belief‐updating models, which tend to focus on change in belief after individual pieces of evidence rather than entire cases, cannot account for these results, and a model that can account for them is introduced. In the new model, case strength is evaluated with respect to a relatively demanding (and malleable) reference point. A weak case can fall below this demanding reference point, resulting in a reverse impact on confidence. Cases must exceed relatively high strength thresholds in order to have their intended impact because they are expected to be biased summaries of evidence. When it is clear that a weak case is unbiased, it affects confidence in the intended direction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational,1H‐NMR spectroscopic, and thermal characterization of gladiolus root exudates in relation toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.gladioliresistance
Authors: Taddei P. , Tugnoli V. , Bottura G. , Dallavalle E. , Zechini D'Aulerio A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFourier transform Raman (FT Raman) and IR (FTIR) and1H‐NMR spectroscopies coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to the characterization of root exudates from two cultivars of gladiolus (Spic Span and White Prosperity) with different degrees of resistance and susceptibility toFusarium oxysporum gladioli, the main pathogen of gladiolus. This work was aimed at correlating the composition of root exudates with the varietal resistance to the pathogen. Spectroscopic analysis showed that White Prosperity root exudate differs from Spic Span root exudate by a higher relative amount of the aromatic‐phenolic and sugarlike components and a lower relative amount of carbonylic and aliphatic compounds. DSC analysis confirmed the spectroscopic results and showed that White Prosperity root exudate is characterized by an aromatic component that is present in a higher amount than in the Spic Span root exudate. The results are discussed in relation to the spore germination tests showing that White Prosperity, which is characterized by a remarkable resistance towardF. oxysporum gladioli, exudes substances having a negative influence on microconidial germination of the pathogen; root exudates from Spic Span, one of the most susceptible cultivars toF. oxysporum gladioli, proved to have no effect. White Prosperity's ability to inhibit conidial germination ofF. oxysporum gladiolican be mainly related to the presence of a higher relative amount of aromatic‐phenolic compounds. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 428–439, 2002