bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Comorbidities Associated With Keratoconus
Authors: Safir Margarita , Hecht Idan , Heller Dan , Pras Eran , Lifshitz Michal , Einan-Lifshitz Adi 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceEvaluating risk factors for keratoconus, often associated with recurrent eye rubbing, could generate hypotheses to be tested in future interventional trials.ObjectiveTo assess the risk for keratoconus associated with psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents and adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study included medical records of Israeli adolescents and adults in military service from January 2011 through December 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe prevalence of anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was evaluated in individuals with and without keratoconus. The association between keratoconus and psychiatric comorbidities was tested using univariate and multivariant analyses.ResultsOverall, 940 763 adolescents and adults were included. Mean (SD) age was 17.56 (1.47) years, and 59.3% were male. Keratoconus was documented in 1533 individuals, with a prevalence of 0.16%. Patients with keratoconus were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD compared with the general population (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.38-1.81; P &amp;lt; .001). After adjusting for age, sex, intellectual status, height, and weight, the results remained unchanged (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.27-1.67; P &amp;lt; .001). Stratification according to age showed an association between keratoconus and ADHD for males (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.39-1.90; P &amp;lt; .001) but not for females (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.96-1.74; P = .09).Conclusions and RelevanceIn a large cohort of adolescents and adults, ADHD was associated with a diagnosis of keratoconus in male patients, even after adjusting for possible confounders. Although a causative effect could not be ascribed, these findings support further investigation into the potential value of education regarding eye rubbing in this population.
An Extraordinary Antisolvent Ethyl Cyanoformate for Achieving High Efficiency and Stability P3HT‐Based CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Weihua , Ren Jingkun , Wu Yukun , Li Shiqi , Sun Qinjun , Hao Yuying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSurface defects are always a severe problem in inorganic perovskite, superadding the mismatch of energy level between Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) hole transport layer (HTL) and CsPbI3 perovskite. All these issues result in large losses in open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF), and thus, CsPbI3 perovskites solar cells (PSCs) based on P3HT HTL commonly show a lower power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, an extraordinary antisolvent engineering is proposed by ethyl cyanoformate (EC), that regulates the crystallization progress to improve the quality of CsPbI3 perovskite film. Concomitantly, residual EC passivates the uncoordinated Pb2+ defects by synergistical chemical interaction of C≡N and C═O groups, and energy level arrangement at the CsPbI3/P3HT interface is also optimized. As a result, the PCE of P3HT‐based CsPbI3 PSC is improved to 18.46% from 17.33% of the control device. The unencapsulated CsPbI3 PSCs show enhanced moisture stability and fine operational stability. The work reveals that EC is an extraordinary antisolvent, exhibiting a synergistic strategy in many aspects for obtaining high‐performance P3HT‐based CsPbI3 PSCs. Furthermore, P3HT is doped with a small amount of 4‐Cyano‐4′‐pentylbipheny (5CB), and thus the PCE of PSC is increased to 19.15% and its humidity stability is significantly improved.
Engineering Semicarbazide‐Bearing Polypeptide Conjugates for Efficient Tumor Chemotherapy and Imaging of Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Pan Wenhao , Zhang Lei , Li Lei , Cen Jie , Song Rundi , Song Chengzhou , Zhang Guoying , Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolypeptide materials offer scalability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, rendering them an ideal platform for biomedical applications. However, the preparation of polypeptides with specific functional groups, such as semicarbazide moieties, remains challenging. This work reports, for the first time, the straightforward synthesis of well‐defined methoxy‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐polypeptide hybrid block copolymers (HBCPs) containing semicarbazide moieties. This synthesis involves implementing the direct polymerization of environment‐stable N‐phenoxycarbonyl‐functionalized α‐amino acid (NPCA) precursors, thereby avoiding the handling of labile N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomers. The resulting HBCPs containing semicarbazide moieties enable facile functionalization with aldehyde/ketone derivatives, forming pH‐cleavable semicarbazone linkages for tailored drug release. Particularly, the intracellular pH‐triggered hydrolysis of semicarbazone moieties restores the initial semicarbazide residues, facilitating endo‐lysosomal escape and thus improving therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the integration of the hypoxic probe (Ir(btpna)(bpy)2) into the pH‐responsive nanomedicines allows sequential responses to acidic and hypoxic tumor microenvironments, enabling precise detection of metastatic tumors. The innovative approach for designing bespoke functional polypeptides holds promise for advanced drug delivery and precision therapeutics.
Design and Characterization of Deformable Superstructures Based on Amine‐Acrylate Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Zhao Fang , Li Yuzhan , Gao Hong , Tao Ran , Mao Yiqi , Chen Yu , Zhou Sheng , Zhao Jianming , Wang Dong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeformable superstructures are man‐made materials with large deformation properties that surpass those of natural materials. However, traditional deformable superstructures generally use conventional materials as substrates, limiting their applications in multi‐mode reconfigurable robots and space‐expandable morphing structures. In this work, amine‐acrylate‐based liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are used as deformable superstructures substrate to provide high driving stress and strain. By changing the molar ratio of amine to acrylate, the thermal and mechanical properties of the LCEs are modified. The LCE with a ratio of 0.9 exhibited improved polymerization degree, elongation at break, and toughness. Besides an anisotropic finite deformation model based on hyperelastic theory is developed for the LCEs to capture the configuration variation under temperature activation. Built upon these findings, an LCE‐based paper‐cutting structure with negative Poisson's ratio and a 2D lattice superstructure model are combined, processed, and molded by laser cutting. The developed superstructure is pre‐programmed to the configuration required for service conditions, and the deformation processes are analyzed using both experimental and finite element methods. This study is expected to advance the application of deformable superstructures and LCEs in the fields of defense and military, aerospace, and bionic robotics.
Manipulating Nonlinear Photocurrent from Interlayer Coupling in Bilayer Metamaterials for Polarized Terahertz Generation
Authors: Shi Ming‐jian , Lei Zhen , Xi Ya‐yan , Cao Xue‐qin , Liu Hui‐biao , Huang Yuan‐yuan , Xu Xin‐long 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolarized terahertz (THz) wave generation is of great significance for chiral and anisotropic sensing applications. However, how to manipulate amplitude, polarization, and ellipticity of the THz generation is still a fundamental challenge. Herein, polarized THz wave generation is achieved from a bilayer metamaterial consisting of T‐shaped structure (TSS) and split resonator rings (SRRs) by combining Maxwell and hydrodynamic equations. The elliptically polarized THz wave can be synthetized directly from horizontally and vertically polarized THz components due to the orthogonal nonlinear photocurrents along the arm‐directions of TSS and SRRs, respectively. Besides, the ellipticity and the orientation angle of the THz polarization ellipse can be modulated by the twist angle between the SRRs and TSS layers. The maximum ellipticity can reach 0.34 while the orientation angle is tunable from −0.45 to 0.48π by tuning the twist angle. This work proposes an interlayer coupling method for the polarized THz sources based on metamaterials in potential circular dichroism and chiral sensing applications.
Crystallization Regulation by Self‐Assembling Liquid Crystal Template Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Meizi , Wang Hongyan , Li Yong , Chen Ran , Zhou Hui , Yang Shaomin , Xu Dongfang , Li Kun , An Zhongwei , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Liu Zhike 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is found that the disordered growth of bottom perovskite film deteriorates the buried interface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), so developing a new material to modify the buried interface for regulating the crystal growth and defect passivation is an effective approach for improving the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Here, we developed a new ionic liquid crystal (ILC, 1‐Dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) as both crystal regulator and defect passivator to modify the buried interface of PSCs. The high lattice matching between this ILC and perovskite promotes preferential growth of perovskite film along [001] direction, while the oriented ILC with mesomorphic phase has a strong chemical interaction with perovskite to passivate the interface defect, as a result, the modified buried interface exhibits suppressed defects, improved band alignment, reduced nonradiative recombination losses, and enhanced charge extraction. The ILC‐modified PSC delivers a power conversion efficiency of 24.92 % and maintains 94 % of the original value after storage in ambient for 3000 h.
Synthesis of non‐isocyanate polyurethanes with high‐performance and self‐healing properties
Authors: Zhang Kuiyao , Shuai Kangjie , Ni Zhongbin , Kaneko Tatsuo , Dong Weifu , Chen Mingqing , Shi Dongjian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the utilization of the potentially hazardous monomer, isocyanate compound, polyurethanes (PUs) with good properties are restricted in several fields, such as bio‐engineering. Non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) with high overall performance and self‐healing properties were synthesized by dicarbamate, bio‐based isosorbide (IS) and polycarbonate diols (PCDLs) through a solvent‐free and ecologically friendly melt polycondensation route. Previously, few bio‐based monomers have been introduced into polycondensation reactions of PUs. Chemical structures of NIPUs were analyzed by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). With changing the IS content and the molecular weight of PCDL, the obtained NIPUs had linear structures and high molecular weights ranging from 3.3 × 104 to 5.9 × 104 g/mol. Results of tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested NIPUs had well thermal and mechanical properties, with Td,5% above 286.2°C and tensile strength between 8.0 and 16.7 MPa due to the crystallization and the hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, the NIPUs exhibited self‐healing ability and recyclability, having great potential for industrialization.
UAV LiDAR in coastal environments: Archaeological case studies from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, and Vega, Norway
Authors: Risbøl Ole , Eidshaug Jo Sindre P. , Bjerck Hein B. , Gran Magnar M. , Rantala Kristoffer R. , Tivoli Angélica M. , Zangrando Atilio Francisco J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiDAR has become fairly integrated into archaeological practice at a global scale. This has gradually evolved to include UAV LiDAR. Nevertheless, considerable biases remain, including with regard to geographical regions, chronological periods, feature types and environments. At present, few studies of coastal environments exist, despite the fact that LiDAR—and UAV LiDAR in particular—has the obvious advantages of flexibility and time efficiency in such archaeologically rich but logistically challenging environments. In this paper, we compare the results of UAV LiDAR surveys with records from previous ground surveys in two case studies from coastal environments on opposite sides of the globe. Case Study I of shell middens located within approximately 3 km2 around Cambaceres Bay involved the first collection of LiDAR data from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Case Study II covered approximately 3 km2 of the island of Vega, Northern Norway, and is among the pioneering LiDAR studies of Mesolithic house pits. The detection success rate was fairly good for Cambaceres—69% of 1240 recorded structures were identified on LiDAR—and above expected for Vega, with 81% of 51 recorded house pits identified on LiDAR. In Cambaceres, the main challenges were dense and low vegetation and identifying small middens. Possible new identifications of archaeological features were made in both areas: subtle depressions interpreted as dwelling foundations in Cambaceres and house pits on Vega. We conclude that UAV LiDAR can contribute to coastal archaeology and that it has added values besides making new identifications, being both flexible and time efficient. An example pertains to the possible identification of a practice that has not previously been proved archaeologically in Tierra del Fuego—more thorough site preparation prior to the construction of the dwellings—which in turn raises new questions.
Did the creeping vole sex chromosomes evolve through a cascade of adaptive responses to a selfish x chromosome?
Authors: Roy Scott William 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe creeping vole Microtus oregoni exhibits remarkably transformed sex chromosome biology, with complete chromosome drive/drag, X‐Y fusions, sex reversed X complements, biased X inactivation, and X chromosome degradation. Beginning with a selfish X chromosome, I propose a series of adaptations leading to this system, each compensating for deleterious consequences of the preceding adaptation: (1) YY embryonic inviability favored evolution of a selfish feminizing X chromosome; (2) the consequent Y chromosome transmission disadvantage favored X‐Y fusion (“XP”); (3) Xist‐based silencing of Y‐derived XP genes favored a second X‐Y fusion (“XM”); (4) X chromosome dosage‐related costs in XPXM males favored the evolution of XM loss during spermatogenesis; (5) X chromosomal dosage‐related costs in XM0 females favored the evolution of XM drive during oogenesis; and (6) degradation of the non‐recombining XP favored the evolution of biased X chromosome inactivation. I discuss recurrent rodent sex chromosome transformation, and selfish genes as a constructive force in evolution.
Are “Carbon Dots” Always Carbon Dots? Evidence for their Supramolecular Nature from Structural and Dynamic Studies in Solution and in the Pure Solid
Authors: Sousa Diogo A. , Berberan‐Santos Mário N. , Prata José V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA model for the morphology (size, shape, and crystallinity) of carbon dots (CDs) in the solid state consistent with the observed photoluminescence in solution is proposed herein. Overwhelming evidence has been collected that links the data coming from solid‐state analysis (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS)) to that of solution (pulsed‐field gradient (PFG)‐NMR spectroscopy, time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy (TRFA), and steady‐state/time‐resolved fluorescence), allowing the establishment of an overall structural model for CDs. According to this model, the so‐called carbon dots, observed under HRTEM imaging, are in fact supramolecular organized structures dynamically assembled from small to medium‐sized molecular species when the solvent is removed to give the solid form. In this way, the imaged nanoparticles (TEM/AFM) are not covalently bound entities formed during the synthetic process, but instead supramolecular entities formed by noncovalent interactions. These particles, if at all present in solution, have the form of loose associations of relatively small molecules. This study was conducted on CDs obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of a biomass waste (olive wet pomace).
Mechanistic Insights into Amphoteric Reactivity of an Iron‐Bispidine Complex
Authors: Mukherjee Gourab , Velmurugan Gunasekaran , Kerscher Marion , Kumar Satpathy Jagnyesh , Sastri Chivukula V. , Comba Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of FeIII‐alkylperoxido complexes has remained a riddle to inorganic chemists owing to their thermal instability and impotency towards organic substrates. These iron‐oxygen adducts have been known as sluggish oxidants towards oxidative electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. Herein, we report the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a relatively stable mononuclear high‐spin FeIII‐alkylperoxido complex supported by an engineered bispidine framework. Against the notion, this FeIII‐alkylperoxido complex serves as a rare example of versatile reactivity in both electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. Detailed mechanistic studies and computational calculations reveal a novel reaction mechanism, where a putative superoxido intermediate orchestrates the amphoteric property of the oxidant. The design of the backbone is pivotal to convey stability and reactivity to alkylperoxido and superoxido intermediates. Contrary to the well‐known O−O bond cleavage that generates an FeIV‐oxido species, the FeIII‐alkylperoxido complex reported here undergoes O−C bond scission to generate a superoxido moiety that is responsible for the amphiphilic reactivity.
e‐TOALB: An efficient task offloading in IoT‐fog networks
Authors: Lone Kalimullah , Sofi Shabir Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

SummarySmart devices are concerned about the processing and computation of tasks due to their tiny nature. They prefer to offload their tasks to the cloud for processing and computation. Due to the huge amount of data being generated by smart devices, the cloud becomes inefficient in terms of huge delay. Thus, Processing tasks in the cloud can add latency and finally needs to be addressed. Thus, fog computing is an alternative to the latency issue. The tasks are offloaded to fog instead of the cloud. In this paper, e‐TOALB (enhanced task offloading and load balancing), a modified and enhanced nature‐inspired and meta‐heuristic ant colony optimization is used to offload tasks in a fog environment. The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with Particle swarm optimization (PSO), round robin (RR), and ant colony optimization. The numerical results clearly show an improvement in average response time and load sharing among all fog nodes. The results of the proposed model produce low response time, low average service time, and low standard deviation. The proposed scheme aims to find the best possible decision for offloading tasks to nearby fog devices and to find an optimal route for offloading with the least communication cost and average service time.
Identification of hybrids between the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) and Chinese giant salamander (Andrias cf. davidianus) using deep learning and smartphone images
Authors: Takaya Kosuke , Taguchi Yuki , Ise Takeshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman‐mediated hybridization between native and non‐native species is causing biodiversity loss worldwide. Hybridization has contributed to the extinction of many species through direct and indirect processes such as loss of reproductive opportunity and genetic introgression. Therefore, it is essential to manage hybrids to conserve biodiversity. However, specialized knowledge is required to identify the target species based on visual characteristics when two species have similar features. Although image recognition technology can be a powerful tool for identifying hybrids, studies have yet to utilize deep learning approaches. Hence, this study aimed to identify hybrids between the native Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) and the non‐native Chinese giant salamander (Andrias cf. davidianus) using EfficientNetV2 and smartphone images. We used smartphone images of 11 individuals of native A. japonicus (five training and six test images) and 20 individuals of hybrids between A. japonicus and A. cf. davidianus (five training and 15 test images). In our experimental environment, an AI model constructed with EfficientNetV2 exhibited 100% accuracy in identifying hybrids. In addition, gradient‐weighted class activation mapping revealed that the AI model was able to classify A. japonicus and hybrids between A. japonicus and A. cf. davidianus on the basis of the dorsal head spot patterning. Our approach thus enables the identification of hybrids against A. japonicus, which was previously considered difficult by non‐experts. Furthermore, since this study achieved reliable identification using smartphone images, it is expected to be applied to a wide range of citizen science projects.
In vivo genotoxicity testing strategies: Report from the 8th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT)
Authors: Beevers Carol , Uno Yoshifumi , Meurer Krista , Hamada Shuichi , Hashimoto Kiyohiro , Kirkland David , LeBaron Matthew J. , Le Curieux Frank , Le Hegarat Ludovic , Martus Hans‐Joerg , Masumura Kenichi , Ohyama Wakako , Roberts Daniel J. , Vasquez Marie , Whitwell James , Witt Kristine L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe in vivo working group (WG) considered three topics: acceptable maximum doses for negative erythrocyte micronucleus (MN) tests, validation status of MN assays in non‐hematopoietic tissues, and nuisance factors in the comet assay. The WG reached agreement on many issues, including: negative erythrocyte MN studies should be acceptable if dosing is conducted to Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) test guideline (TG) 474 recommendations and if sufficient bone marrow exposure is demonstrated; consensus on the evidence required to demonstrate “sufficient” exposure was not reached. The liver MN test using six‐week‐old rats is sufficiently validated to develop an OECD TG, but the impact of animal age warrants additional study. Ki‐67 is a reliable marker for cellular proliferation in hepatocytes. The gastrointestinal tract MN test is useful for detecting poorly absorbed or rapidly degraded aneugens, and for genotoxic metabolites formed in the colon. Although current validation data are insufficient to support the development of an OECD TG, the methodologies are sufficient to consider as an appendix to OECD TG474. Comparison of comet assay results to laboratory historical control data (HCD) should not be used in data evaluation, unless the HCD distribution is demonstrated to be stable and the predominant source of HCD variation is due to animal, not study, factors. No universally acceptable negative control limit for any tissue was identified. Methodological differences in comet studies can result in variable data interpretations; more data are required before best practice recommendations can be made. Hedgehogs alone are unreliable indicators of cytotoxicity and additional investigations into cytotoxicity markers are required.