bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide Survey on Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Patients in Japan
Authors: Hyodo Ichinosuke , Amano Noriko , Eguchi Kenji , Narabayashi Masaru , Imanishi Jiro , Hirai Midori , Nakano Tomohito , Takashima Shigemitsu 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To determine the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by patients with cancer in Japan, and to compare the characteristics of CAM users and CAM nonusers. Patients and Methods A questionnaire on cancer CAM and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were delivered to 6,607 patients who were treated in 16 cancer centers and 40 palliative care units. Results There were 3,461 available replies for a response rate of 52.4%. The prevalence of CAM use was 44.6% (1,382 of 3,100) in cancer patients and 25.5% (92 of 361) in noncancer patients with benign tumors. Multiple logistic regression analysis determined that history of chemotherapy, institute (palliative care units), higher education, an altered outlook on life after cancer diagnosis, primary cancer site, and younger age were strongly associated with CAM use in cancer patients. Most of the CAM users with cancer (96.2%) used products such as mushrooms, herbs, and shark cartilage. The motivation for most CAM use was recommendation from family members or friends (77.7%) rather than personal choice (23.3%). Positive effects were experienced by 24.3% of CAM users with cancer, although all of them received conventional cancer therapy concurrently. Adverse reactions were reported by 5.3% of cancer patients. CAM products were used without sufficient information by 57.3% of users with cancer and without a consultation with a doctor by 60.7% of users. Conclusion This survey revealed a high prevalence of CAM use among cancer patients, without sufficient information or consultation with their physicians. Oncologists should not ignore the CAM products used by their patients because of a lack of proven efficacy and safety.
Effects on combustion and emissions of early and pilot fuel injections in diesel engines
Authors: Carlucci P , Ficarella A , Laforgia D 
Published: February 2005

Different injection strategies applied to a common rail direct injection diesel engine were tested for different engine torque and speed conditions. The injection strategies differ for the use of early and pilot injections; during the tests the injection parameters were varied, in terms of duration and timing of early, pilot, and main injections. The combustion behaviour and the engine performances, in terms of brake specific fuel consumption, were analysed. In addition, data on nitrogen oxides (NOx), total unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate emissions were collected. The injection strategy based on both early and pilot injections has been compared with the techniques using either pilot or early injections. Results show that, particularly at lower values of engine torque and speed, the small fuel quantity injected during early injection, coupled with the pilot injection, leads to comparable levels or even to a sensible reduction in fuel consumption compared with the only-pilot or only-early injection cases. Furthermore, a reduction in NOx and particulate is generally observed, while the level of unburned hydrocarbons usually increases. Experimental tests have shown that, using the early injection, a very lean premixed charge is obtained, both globally and locally, inside the combustion chamber, thus avoiding diesel problems (in particular, high NOx and soot production), mainly caused by the locally rich mixture. On the other hand, by using the pilot injection the ignition delay of the main injection is reduced, contributing to the NOx reduction.
A Novel Way for Preparing Cu Nanowires
Authors: Chen Changle , Lou Zhengsong , Chen Qianwang 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Copper nanowires with lateral dimensions of 50–200 nm were successfully synthesized by the pyrolysis of copper oxalate hydrate in the presence of CO2 at 220 °C. The phase and morphology of the products were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanism and future application were proposed.
Helical Stereocontrol of 2,6-Bis{(2-arylcarbamoylphenyl)carbamoyl}pyridine Derivatives by Use of Chiral Auxiliaries
Authors: Minami Tatsuya , Koyamoto Shigeru , Kobayashi Masayuki , Tanaka Rika , Hatanaka Yasuo 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The helical stereochemistry of 2,6-bis{(2-arylcarbamoylphenyl)carbamoyl}pyridine derivatives 1 can be controlled by the chiral auxiliaries bonded to the terminal carbonyl groups. Their preferred helical stereochemistry was determined from the signs and shapes of their CD spectra by the exiton chirality method.
Self-assembled N-Alkylimidazolium Perfluorooctanesulfonates
Authors: Mukai Tomohiro , Yoshio Masafumi , Kato Takashi , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Thermostability of a smectic A phase composed of N-alkylimidazolium heptadecafluorooctanesulfonate was improved by the formation of nonpolar layer composed of mixed perfluoroalkyl and aliphatic chains.
Synthesis of a Misfit-layered Magnesium Manganese Hydroxide Oxide
Authors: Xu Yaohua , Nakayama Noriaki , Fujiwara Keiko , Mizota Tadato , Goto Seishi 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A new magnesium manganese hydroxide oxide, [Mg(OH)2]10[MnO1.86(OH)0.07]14·2.34H2O, which has a novel incommensurate misfit-layered structure built from two pseudohexagonal MnO2 and Mg(OH)2 sheets, has been hydrothermally synthesized by using the layered birnessite as the precursor. This compound has been investigated by TEM, XRD, TG-DTA. The lattice parameters are a1 = 0.496(2), b1 = 0.292(5), c1 = 0.957(2) nm, and β1 = 94.1(9)° for manganese oxide sublattice, and a2 = 0.534(6), b2 = 0.313(6), c2 = 0.958(1) nm, and β2 = 94.8(4)° for magnesium hydroxide sublattice.
Anasarca Edema with Amlodipine Treatment
Authors: Şener Didem , Halil M , Yavuz Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Ariğul Servet 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of anasarca edema associated with amlodipine use. CASE SUMMARY: A 77-year-old woman with essential hypertension who had not been treated with any other drug was prescribed amlodipine 10 mg/day to control her blood pressure. She developed anasarca edema soon after amlodipine treatment was initiated. Laboratory test results for possible etiologies were negative. Discontinuation of amlodipine resulted in dramatic improvement. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, as of February 3, 2005, there have been no other reports of amlodipine-related anasarca edema in the English literature, and only one case was described in the Japanese literature. Pretibial edema is the most common adverse effect of amlodipine. Periocular and perioral edema have occurred less frequently, but anasarca edema has not emerged as a problem. An objective causality assessment revealed amlodipine to be a probable cause of anasarca edema. CONCLUSIONS: In rare instances, amlodipine may cause generalized edema, which will resolve upon discontinuation of the drug.
Effect of Alendronate on Periodontal Disease in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Rocha Miriam L. , Malacara Juan M. , Sánchez‐Marin Francisco J. , de la Torre Carlos J. Vazquez , Fajardo Martha E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: We investigated the effect of oral alendronate (ALN) treatment on radiological and clinical measurements of periodontal disease in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy.Methods: We evaluated the effect of 6 months of ALN treatment in 40 postmenopausal women, 55 to 65 years old with established periodontal disease, in a controlled, double‐masked, prospective study. Volunteers were paired by age and randomized to receive ALN (10 mg/day) or placebo for the study period. Periodontal mechanical treatment was carried out in both groups. At baseline and after treatment, clinical evaluation, hormone blood levels, distance from the crestal alveolar bone (CAB) to the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD), hormone levels, serum N‐telopeptide (NTx), and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) were assessed.Results: Periodontal disease conditions improved in both groups, but greater improvement in probing depth (–0.8 ± 0.3 mm versus –0.4 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.02) and gingival bleeding (–0.3% ± 0.13% versus –0.2% ± 0.06%, P = 0.006) was found in the ALN treated group. Calcaneus BMD increased in the ALN treated group (68 ± 47 mm3 versus –26 ± 81 mm3, P = 0.0006). CAB‐CEJ distance diminished in the ALN group (–0.4 ± 0.40 mm versus 0.60 ± 0.53 mm, P = 0.00008). Marginal reduction in both NTx and BSAP levels was found in the ALN group (–9.4 ± 6.6 nmol versus –4.3 ± 4.7 nmol bone collagen equivalents, P = 0.08, and –7.7 ± 8.4 versus –1.5 ± 5.0 U/l, P = 0.1, respectively). Hormone levels were unchanged after treatment. Similar improvement of calcaneus BMD and CAB‐CEJ distance with ALN treatment was found in obese and non‐obese women.Conclusion: ALN treatment improved periodontal disease and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1579‐1585.
Impact of an Anti‐Inflammatory Therapy and Its Withdrawal on the Progression of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: de Vasconcelos Gurgel Bruno César , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A. , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Sallum Antonio Wilson , de Toledo Sérgio 
Published: February 2005

Background: Anti‐inflammatory agents have been reported as a bone loss mediator in periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate in rats the impact of a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor (meloxicam) on bone loss in ligature‐induced periodontitis and its post‐treatment effect after administration withdrawal.Methods: Seventy‐five adult male Wistar rats were included. After anesthesia, a mandibular first molar was randomly assigned to receive the cotton ligature in the sulcular position, while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following five treatment groups (15 animals each), including daily subcutaneous injections: 1) saline solution for 15 days; 2) saline solution for 45 days; 3) 3 mg/kg of meloxicam for 15 days; 4) 3 mg/kg of meloxicam for 45 days; or 5) 3 mg/kg of meloxicam for 15 days followed by saline solution for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed and the specimens routinely processed. The volume of bone loss was histometrically measured and statistical analysis performed.Results: Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that the drug may significantly reduce periodontitis‐related bone loss (group 3: 5.83 ± 2.04); however, this effect is less evident when the drug is administered in a short period (group 4: 3.59 ± 1.57). Moreover, after drug withdrawal, no residual effect was observed (6.86 ± 3.59, 6.09 ± 2.66, groups 2 and 5, respectively) (P >0.05).Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors may reduce bone loss associated with experimental periodontitis and that no remaining effect can be expected after its withdrawal. J Periodontol 2004;75:1613‐1618.
Gingival Cell Proliferation Induced by Use of a Sonic Toothbrush With Warmed Silicone Rubber Bristles
Authors: Tomofuji Takaaki , Kusano Hiroki , Azuma Tetsuji , Ekuni Daisuke , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Watanabe Tatsuo , Kishimoto Takashi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Toothbrushing promotes gingival cell proliferation, which may occur as the result of the physical stimulation of the gingiva. The present study evaluated the effects of temperature and silicone rubber bristles of a sonic toothbrush on gingival cell proliferation in dogs.Methods: During the 5‐week experimental period, one quadrant in each of eight dogs received a different toothbrushing regimen: a manual toothbrush or a sonic toothbrush with 1) nylon, 2) silicone rubber, or 3) warmed silicone rubber bristles. The proliferative activity of gingival cells was evaluated based on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Results: Use of the sonic toothbrushes produced a higher density of PCNA‐positive and total fibroblasts than did use of a manual toothbrush. The warm silicone rubber bristles resulted in a higher density of PCNA‐positive fibroblasts compared with the cooler silicone rubber bristle. The number of PCNA‐positive basal cells in the junctional epithelium also increased following electric toothbrushing with warmed silicone rubber bristles.Conclusions: The sonic toothbrush with silicone rubber bristles induced gingival fibroblast proliferation to a greater degree than a manual toothbrush. Warming the silicone rubber bristles increased their stimulatory effects on the proliferative activity of gingival cells. J Periodontol 2004;75:1636‐1639.
Therapeutic Versus Prophylactic Plus Therapeutic Administration of Omega‐3 Fatty Acid on Endotoxin‐Induced Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Vardar Saynur , Buduneli Eralp , Türkog͠lu Oya , Berdeli Afig Hüseyinov , Baylas Haluk , Başkesen Aykut , Atilla Gül 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was 1) to evaluate the possible effects of therapeutic usage of omega‐3 fatty acid on the gingival tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), platelet activating factor (PAF), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in endotoxin‐induced periodontitis in rats and 2) to investigate whether prophylactic usage provides any additional benefits to therapeutic doses of omega‐3 fatty acid.Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by repeated injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thirty‐six adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four study groups: 1) saline controls; 2) LPS; 3) therapeutic omega‐3 fatty acid (TO3); and 4) prophylactic plus therapeutic omega‐3 fatty acid (P + TO3) groups. In TO3 group, omega‐3 fatty acid was given for 15 days following induction of experimental periodontitis. In P + TO3 group, omega‐3 fatty acid was started 15 days before baseline, and then periodontitis was induced at baseline and omega‐3 fatty acid was continued for 15 days after baseline. On day 15 after baseline, all rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. PGE2, PGF2α, and LTB4 levels in gingival tissue samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay and PAF levels were analyzed by radioimmonoassay. Data were evaluated statistically by using parametric tests.Results: LPS injection resulted in significant amount of bone loss (P <0.05). Neither therapeutic nor prophylactic plus therapeutic administration of omega‐3 fatty acid with the doses and duration of therapy used in the present study was effective in preventing endotoxin‐induced alveolar bone loss. TO3 group exhibited significant decreases in the gingival tissue levels of PGE2, PGF2α, LTB4, and PAF compared to the LPS group (P <0.05). PGE2 and PGF2α levels in TO3 group were similar to those of the saline group (P >0.05), while LTB4 and PAF levels were statistically higher than the saline group (P <0.05). Prophylactic plus therapeutic usage of omega‐3 fatty acid provided similar levels of all these mediators to those of the saline controls (P >0.05).Conclusions: Therapeutic omega‐3 fatty acid significantly reduced the gingival tissue levels of PGE2, PGF2α, LTB4, and PAF in experimental periodontitis. Furthermore, prophylactic usage of omega‐3 fatty acid provided additional beneficial effects to the therapeutic administration by decreasing the gingival tissue levels of these mediators to levels of healthy tissue. These findings should be verified by longitudinal clinical trials investigating clinical and biochemical periodontal parameters to better define the possible role of omega‐3 fatty acids in periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2004;75:1640‐1646.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Lipopolysaccharide Activates Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 and Increases Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor‐κB Ligand Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Tiranathanagul Siriluck , Yongchaitrakul Tussanee , Pattamapun Kassara , Pavasant Prasit 
Published: February 2005

Background: The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of A. actinomycetemcomitans is one of the major pathogenic factors in periodontal disease. It induces secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and is involved in alveolar bone destruction. We hypothesized that the LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans could affect the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells leading to the destruction of periodontium.Methods: HPDL cells were cultured in serum‐free medium with or without the LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans for 36 hours. The activation of MMP‐2 was analyzed by zymography. Changes of the expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and supported by Western blot analysis.Results: The activation of MMP‐2 could be induced by the LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans in HPDL cells and could be inhibited by a serine protease inhibitor. This result suggested that the LPS might activate MMP‐2 through a serine protease‐dependent pathway. This activation was also blocked by NF‐κB inhibitor, which indicated the involvement of NF‐κB. The upregulation of RANKL but not OPG by the LPS was found in both transcription and translation and could be reduced by indomethacin. In addition, serine protease inhibitor also inhibited the upregulation of RANKL, suggesting the activity of serine protease.Conclusions: The effect of the LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans on HPDL cells is serum‐independent and the induction of the activation of MMP‐2 and the expression of RANKL are serine protease‐dependent pathways. The results suggest the role of HPDL cells in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2004;75:1647‐1654.
Immunohistochemical Study of Cyclosporin‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bulut Ömer Engin , Sökmensüer Lale Karakoç , Bulut Şule , Tasman Fügen , Müftüog͠lu Sevda 
Published: February 2005

Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant widely used to treat transplant patients and various systemic diseases with immunological components. Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of CsA administration; however, the pathogenesis of drug‐induced GO is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Ki‐67, activation molecules (CD71, CD98), leukocytes activation antigens (CD45, CD45RA, CD50, CD11a, CD162, CD227, CD231), neurothelin (CD147), and novel endothelial cell antigens (B‐F45, SCF87, BD46, B‐C44, VJ1/6) in gingival tissue in renal transplant recipients treated with CsA.Methods: Tissues from 15 renal transplant patients with significant GO and 10 systemically healthy control subjects with gingivitis were studied. Frozen‐section biopsies were stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for the above‐mentioned antigens using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique.Results: Comparison of the CsA‐treated and control groups revealed no significant differences with respect to expression of Ki‐67; CD50; activation molecules; neurothelin; or novel endothelial cell antigens B‐D46, B‐C44, and VJ1/6. However, expression patterns of CD45, CD45RA, CD11a, CD162, CD227, CD231, B‐F45, and SCF87 were significantly different in CsA and control groups.Conclusion: Leukocyte activation antigens play an important role in CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth. J Periodontol 2004;75:1655‐1662.
Treatment of Intrabony Defects With Bovine‐Derived Xenograft Alone and in Combination With Platelet‐Rich Plasma: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hanna Raouf , Trejo Pedro M. , Weltman Robin L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: In the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, the benefits of adding platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) to a bone replacement grafting material have not been tested. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes obtained by the combination of PRP and a bovine derived xenograft (BDX) to those obtained from the use of the bone replacement graft alone.Methods: Thirteen patients were enrolled in a randomized, split mouth, double‐masked clinical trial. Bilateral defects were matched according to their intrasurgical measurements. Qualifying defects had loss of attachment of ≥6 mm, a radiographically detectable defect of ≥4 mm, at least two remaining osseous walls, and not primarily related to a furcation involvement. After the hygienic phase, at the baseline examination, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession (REC) were measured. During open flap debridement, the defects were randomly assigned to receive either BDX mixed with PRP or BDX alone. Baseline osseous intrasurgical measurements were obtained. Post‐surgical follow‐up and maintenance were performed and PD, CAL, and REC were remeasured at 6 months. The mean baseline and 6‐month PD, CAL, and REC of the deepest buccal and lingual measurements related to the defect for each group were computed. The change from baseline to 6 months for each parameter measured was calculated. Pre‐ and postoperative comparisons were made between treatment groups at 6 months.Results: Randomization of the defects resulted in comparable groups (P ≥0.05). At 6 months, paired t test comparisons within groups showed statistically significant benefits with both treatment modalities (P ≤0.05). The mean changes (Δ) at 6 months for the test and the control groups at the deepest sites were: PD reduction: 3.54 and 2.53 mm; CAL gain: 3.15 and 2.31 mm; and REC: –0.38 and –0.23 mm, respectively. Paired t test comparisons yielded significant differences between treatments for PD and CAL (P ≤0.05).Conclusion: In this 6‐month clinical trial, the addition of a high concentration of autologous platelets to a bovine derived xenograft to treat intrabony defects significantly improved their clinical periodontal response. J Periodontol 2004;75:1668‐1677.
A Comparative Study of Root Coverage With Connective Tissue and Platelet Concentrate Grafts: 8‐Month Results
Authors: Cheung Wai S. , Griffin Terrence J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival recession presents destruction of both soft and hard tissues. The objectives of this randomized clinical trial were to assess the clinical efficacy of platelet concentrate grafts (PCG) in the treatment of Miller Class I or II buccal gingival defects and to compare their soft tissue healing with those of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG).Methods: Seventeen arches in 15 patients with bilateral gingival recessions were treated with SCTG and PCG covered by coronally advanced flaps. Vertical recession depth (VRD), clinical attachment level (CAL), clinical probing depth (PD), and width of keratinized tissue (KTW) were measured preoperatively and 8 months postsurgery. Surveys on post‐surgical discomfort level (PSDL) and manual platelet count were also performed. Esthetic outcomes were also evaluated. Paired t test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi‐square and signed‐rank tests were used to access statistical significance (α = 0.05).Results: Mean VRD statistically significantly decreased from 2.43 mm presurgery to 0.48 mm with PCG (80% root coverage) and from 2.48 mm to 0.17 mm with SCTG (95% root coverage). No statistically significant differences between the treatments were found for VRD, CAL, and KTW, while mean PD was significantly shallower in the PCG group (1.05 mm) than that in the SCTG group (1.79 mm). Complete coverage was achieved in 60% of the PCG group and in 65.5% of the SCTG group. PSDL was significantly lower in the PCG group 1 month post‐surgery. Platelet counts demonstrated a five‐fold increase in PC. Soft tissue in the PCG group demonstrated superior contour and texture matching when compared to the SCTG group.Conclusions: The platelet concentrate graft may be an alternative graft material for treating gingival recession. Treatment with this graft may result in better esthetic appearance. J Periodontol 2004;75:1678‐1687.