bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an individual‐based model for assessment of sea turtle population viability
Authors: Mazaris Antonios D. , Fiksen Øyvind , Matsinos Yiannis G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMarine turtle species have a complex life history characterized by interannual variability in reproductive performance and a long life span. These ecological features in combination with the animals’ highly migratory nature create numerous difficulties when trying to assess population dynamics. This study attempts to couple existing information on species demographics and behavioral strategies with simple energetic rules in a theoretical framework. We study sea turtle population dynamics using an individual‐based model that incorporates known behavioral‐ecological characteristics of the species. Methodology used to design the model was based on the superindividual approach (Scheffer et al. Ecol Model 80:161–170, 1995). We constructed our simulation experiment on a virtual sea turtle population, which was parameterized by using recent literature reviews with emphasis on reproductive parameters of the Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtle population. Switching rules describing critical processes of reproductive performances were established as theoretical functions of efficiency of energy transfer. In order to explore the significance of variable reproductive patterns upon population dynamics and persistence, a series of simulations was performed. The model was also run under fluctuated demographic variables to perform a sensitivity analysis of critical parameters and life‐history stages. Based on the specific model parameterization, simulation results show that population persistence was most sensitive to fecundity and to survival at the pelagic juvenile stage. Additionally a surprising finding is the relatively high importance of egg survival in terms of both hatching and hatchling success. We conclude that enhancing the population with new individuals by increasing survival in the early life stages could compensate for additional losses in other age classes. The need for further research regarding biological and behavioral features as well as basic demographic insights into the endangered loggerhead sea turtle is also highlighted.
New Questions about an Old Concept: The Supreme Court of Canada's Judicial Independence Decisions
Authors: McCormick Peter 
Published: August 2005

Abstract.In the age of the Charter, courts are an important part of the policy process, and judicial independence is the concept that structures the interactions between courts and other institutions. Historically, judicial independence in Canada was modelled on (and little different from) that of England; but politically-led reforms in the 1970s, and a string of more than a dozen Supreme Court decisions centred on the 1997Remuneration Reference, are transforming the concept. At the same time, a parallel string of cases extends more limited but essentially similar guarantees to some other administrative bodies. Together, these developments represent an important and enduring change in the Canadian political landscape.Résumé.À l'ère de la Charte, les tribunaux sont un élément important de l'élaboration des politiques publiques, et l'indépendance judiciaire est le fondement des interactions entre les tribunaux et les autres institutions. Par le passé, l'indépendance judiciaire au Canada épousait le modèle britannique (et s'en éloignait assez peu); cependant, des réformes politiquement inspirées dans les années 1970 et une série de plus d'une douzaine de jugements de la Cour suprême centrés sur le renvoi de 1997 relatif à la rémunération sont en train de transformer ce concept. En même temps, une série de cas parallèles accorde des garanties plus limitées mais très similaires à d'autres corps administratifs. Ces changements se conjuguent pour modifier considérablement et de façon permanente le paysage politique canadien.
Egalité hommes-femmes ? Le militantisme au Québec : le
PQ et le PLQ
Authors: Dauphin Sandrine 
Published: August 2005

Egalité hommes-femmes ? Le militantisme au Québec : le
PQ et le PLQ, Evelyne Tardy (avec la collaboration de Rébecca
Beauvais et André Bernard), Montréal, Collection science
politique, Cahiers du Québec, Ed. Hurtubise, 2003, 222 p.Lors des dernières élections québécoises
du 14 avril 2003, la proportion de femmes élues a augmenté,
avec trois femmes députées de plus, soit une
représentation à hauteur de 30% contre 28% auparavant.
Indéniablement, le pourcentage de femmes élues n'a
cessé de progresser depuis le milieu des années 80, soit
quarante ans après l'obtention du droit de vote. La
représentation parlementaire des femmes au Québec
dépasse ainsi largement la moyenne mondiale qui est de 14%.
Néanmoins, la proportion d'élues peut paraître
encore faible, sinon insuffisante, par rapport au vivier de militantes
existant dans les partis (37% de femmes en moyenne) et de l'objectif
idéal de parité. Analyste incontournable du rapport des
Québécoises au politique et du militantisme féminin,
Evelyne Tardy, dans son dernier ouvrage, tente d'expliquer cette
sous-représentation des femmes parmi les candidats aux
différentes élections, à la lumière,
notamment, des propos tenus par les militants et militantes. Une telle
analyse conduit à s'intéresser aux ressources
potentielles en femmes politiques. En effet, si les militants et
militantes agissent pour faire triompher leurs idées, ils
n'ont pas forcément de responsabilité de direction. Ils
se situent en quelque sorte entre l'amateur (ils s'initient
à la politique) et le professionnel de la politique. C'est aux
instances dirigeantes des partis qu'il revient de sélectionner
ceux qui sont susceptibles de remplir des fonctions politiques. Seules les
hypothèses relatives au fonctionnement des partis politiques ont
dond été retenues pour cette recherche dont les auteurs ont
considéré comme militant “ toute personne qui
siégeait à un comité exécutif du parti,
qu'il soit local, régional ou central, autrement dit toute
personne qui était susceptible de se voir confier des
responsabilités au sein du parti (27). ” Il n'en demeure
pas moins que les militants se caractérisent aussi par une grande
diversité et qu'une typologie plus fine aurait pu enrichir le
propos. On aurait pu imaginer, par exemple, de distinguer le militant
ponctuel, dont la mobilisation est fonction de l'enjeu, du militant
engagé qui prend des responsabilités dans
l'organisation (seul considéré ici a priori)
et enfin le militant qui possède un mandat électif.
Parallèlement aux militants et militantes de base, il aurait
été intéressant également de
s'intéresser aux personnalités féminines qui ont
fait carrière dans ces partis, aux militantes devenues
députées ou ministres, par exemple, à leur profil et
à leur parcours au sein du parti, par rapport aux hommes, pour
avoir une analyse différenciée des parcours d'exception
et d'une éventuelle évolution des années 70
à aujourd'hui. On aurait ainsi dégagé les
profils valorisés par chacun des partis politiques.
L'atelier de l'organisation. Un observatoire sur les
changements dans les entreprises
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle 
Published: August 2005

L'atelier de l'organisation. Un observatoire sur les
changements dans les entreprises, Bruno Maggi (sous la direction, 2001),
Paris : L'Harmattan. 284 pages.Cet ouvrage fort original est issu d'un séminaire que
Bruno Maggi, professeur de théorie de l'organisation à
la Faculté d'économie de l'université de
Bologne, a organisé pendant une douzaine d'années
à l'université de Bologne. Ce séminaire
réunissait des praticiens d'entreprise et des chercheurs
universitaires et constitue un observatoire tout à fait
privilégié des changements survenus dans les entreprises,
dont plusieurs très grandes entreprises publiques et privées
: Ciba, FIAT, Fininvest, Mediaset, Iveco, RAS, Rinascente,
Télécom, Zurigo. Au total, 78 rencontres ont
été organisées et elles ont donné lieu
à l'analyse de 92 cas.
Democracy, Human Rights, and Civil Society in South East Asia
Authors: Embong Abdul Rahman 
Published: August 2005

Democracy, Human Rights, and Civil Society in South East Asia, Amitav
Acharya, B.M. Frolic and Richard Stubbs, eds., Toronto: Joint Centre for
Asia Pacific Studies, 2001, pp. 208This is an important volume on the hotly debated topic of democracy,
human rights and civil society in South East Asia, a region that has
witnessed a confrontation between the old order of authoritarian regimes
and strong states on one hand, and the new democratic forces embedded in
an emerging civil society, on the other. The focus of the book is on the
evolution of debates about democracy and human rights during the decade
following the end of the Cold War in 1989 to the 1997–98 Asian
economic crisis, with the latter being regarded as the watershed that
unleashed the democratic forces. The book consists of nine chapters, plus
an introduction and a conclusion, contributed by nine political
scientists. Except for Johan Saravanamuttu, who is from the region under
study, the other contributors are Southeast Asianists teaching at various
universities in Canada, the United States, and Australia.
Modern Social Imaginaries
Authors: Beiner Ronald 
Published: August 2005

Modern Social Imaginaries, Charles Taylor, Durham: Duke University
Press, 2004, pp. 215The originality of Charles Taylor's thought can be seen in the
fact that it is not easy to “place” his work over the last
fifteen years in the categories of standard academic disciplines. It is
not really political philosophy. It is not really sociology (though it
perhaps leans more towards sociology than towards political philosophy).
It is something else. But what? Cultural history and the history of
philosophy clearly provide the materials for Taylor's enterprise, but
whatever it is, it aims for something intellectually more ambitious than
mere intellectual or cultural history. The term “social
imaginary” in fact captures quite well this
“unplaceability” of his work between philosophy and
sociology.
Toleration as Recognition
Authors: Newman Stephen L. 
Published: August 2005

Toleration as Recognition, Anna Elisabetta Galeotti, Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. viii, 242In Toleration as Recognition Anna Elisabetta Galeotti offers
up a sympathetic critique of liberal toleration and suggests a
modification to the theory that she believes necessary in order to bring
cultural minorities into the public sphere as equal citizens. This
carefully argued book marks a timely contribution to the debate over group
rights and multiculturalism.
Rousseau as Author: Consecrating One's Life to the Truth
Authors: MacLean Lee 
Published: August 2005

Rousseau as Author: Consecrating One's Life to the Truth,
Christopher Kelly, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003, pp. 182Christopher Kelly's latest book makes an important contribution
to the study of Rousseau. Kelly investigates Rousseau's attitude
towards authorship in the light of his motto, “consecrating
one's life to the truth.” He maintains that for Rousseau this
motto implies the need for two kinds of authorial responsibility:
“it meant both publicly taking responsibility for what one publishes
and only publishing those things that would be of public benefit”
(1). Kelly then uses this two-pronged conception of responsible authorship
to investigate Rousseau's understanding of the practices of
citizenship and of philosophy.
Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research
Authors: Conesa Ana , Götz Stefan , García-Gómez Juan Miguel , Terol Javier , Talón Manuel , Robles Montserrat 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: We present here Blast2GO (B2G), a research tool designed with the main purpose of enabling Gene Ontology (GO) based data mining on sequence data for which no GO annotation is yet available. B2G joints in one application GO annotation based on similarity searches with statistical analysis and highlighted visualization on directed acyclic graphs. This tool offers a suitable platform for functional genomics research in non-model species. B2G is an intuitive and interactive desktop application that allows monitoring and comprehension of the whole annotation and analysis process.Availability: Blast2GO is freely available via Java Web Start at http://www.blast2go.deSupplementary material: http://www.blast2go.de -&gt; EvaluationContact: aconesa@ivia.es; stefang@fis.upv.es
Structural characterization of the maytansinoid–monoclonal antibody immunoconjugate, huN901–DM1, by mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Lintao , Amphlett Godfrey , Blättler Walter A. , Lambert John M. , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractImmunoconjugates are being explored as novel cancer therapies with the promise of target‐specific drug delivery. The immunoconjugate, huN901–DM1, composed of the humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody, huN901, and the maytansinoid drug, DM1, is being tested in clinical trials to treat small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). huN901–DM1 contains an average of three to four DM1 drug molecules per huN901 antibody molecule. The drug molecules are linked to huN901 through random modification of huN901 at ε‐amino groups of lysine residues, thus yielding a heterogeneous population of conjugate species. We studied the drug distribution profile of huN901–DM1 by electrospray time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry(ESI‐TOFMS), which showed that one to six DM1 drug molecules were attached to an antibody molecule. Both light and heavy chains contained linked drugs. The conjugation sites in both chains were determined by peptide mapping using trypsin and Asp‐N protease digestion. Trypsin digestion identified modified lysine residues, since these residues were no longer susceptible to enzymatic cleavage after conjugation with the drug. With respect to Asp‐N digestion, modified peptides were identified by observing a mass increase corresponding to the modification. The two digestion methods provided consistent results, leading to the identification of 20 modified lysine residues in both light and heavy chains. Each lysine residue was only partially modified. No conjugation sites were found in complementarity determining regions (CDRs). Using structural models of human IgG1, it was found that modified lysine residues were on the surface in areas of structural flexibility and had large solvent accessibility.
Participation of disadvantaged parents in child care research
Authors: Joseph D. , Wailoo M. P. , Jackson A. , Petersen S. A. , Anderson E. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAim  To assess the level to which parents from deprived and socially dysfunctional families collaborate in complex and time‐consuming research.Design  Home‐based study, of early physiological development in infants from a severely deprived area. Overnight continuous recordings of deep‐body temperature with twice daily urine collection, parental daily diary of life‐events and completion of child care social and psychological assessment by interview questionnaire. Measurements taken between age 6–12 weeks, each lasted 8–12 h per night, averaging four nights per baby. Level of parental participation assessed in relation to ongoing lifestyle pressures.Setting  Home based. Inner city deprived estate.Participants  Random sample of mothers with newborn healthy infants.Measurements  A total of 87 overnight deep body temperature recordings were made on 22 infants each lasting 8–12 h; 174 urine samples were taken; and 22 sets of questionnaires were completed.Results  Of 62 inner city deprived parents, 39 (62%) agreed to participate. 22 (35%) completed the study. Ongoing lifestyle pressures were high including incidents of burglary, fire and family violence. Family and partner pressures and life crises overwhelmed 10 non‐participations.Conclusions  Research partnerships can be developed with underprivileged families facing severe life‐events. Parents were highly motivated to complete what they perceived as important infant care research.
A prospective cohort study comparing hospital admission for gastro‐enteritis with home management
Authors: Small F. , Alderdice F. , McCusker C. , Stevenson M. , Stewart M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives  To compare physical and psychological outcomes in children presenting at Accident and Emergency Departments (A&E), diagnosed with gastro‐enteritis and admitted to hospital with those of a similar age, sex and severity of illness discharged home. The physical and psychological well‐being of children in these two groups, in the month after the episode, were compared as was further use of health care services.Design  A prospective cohort study.Methods  A comparison of 116 children aged 1–6 years with gastro‐enteritis, presenting at A&E over a 6 months period. Admitted children were compared with children discharged, of a similar age, sex and illness severity (triage score) with follow‐up at 1 week and 1 month. Clinical history, psychosocial factors, investigations and outcomes were recorded at presentation and physical, psychological and family outcomes at 1 week and 1 month.Results  Of 116 children, 112 (97%) completed the study (56 in each group). No differences were detected in psychosocial factors, socio‐economic status, family factors, time of arrival at A&E or waiting times. Parental perception of illness was greater in the admitted group (P < 0.005), but was recorded after the decision on admission was made. At 1 week follow‐up admitted children had increased separation anxiety compared with children who were discharged (P < 0.05), but this difference disappeared at 1 month. Clinical outcomes were the same for both groups, although admitted children had more investigations (91% vs. 39%). Parents were equally satisfied with their child's treatment, but one‐third of children in both groups sought further consultation with a health professional in the following week.Conclusions  There is no statistically significant difference in socio‐demographic data, time of arrival at A&E, waiting times, clinical and psychosocial outcomes in children with acute gastro‐enteritis admitted to hospital compared with a group of children of similar age, gender and severity of illness managed at home. However, parents seek reassurance and follow‐up of acutely ill children, even if the child is admitted to hospital, which has service and resource implications.
Informational and emotional needs of long‐term survivors of breast cancer
Authors: Vivar Cristina García , McQueen Anne 
Published: August 2005

Aims. This paper presents a review of the informational and emotional needs of long‐term breast cancer survivors, with particular attention to the different needs of women according to their age and to critiquing healthcare provision to these women.Background. Women with a history of breast cancer are the largest group of cancer survivors. While they may be disease‐free, their cancer diagnosis has ongoing physical and psychosocial implications for their lives and well‐being.Methods. A literature search for the period 1985 to March 2004 was undertaken using the CINAHL, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, PubMed and CUIDEN databases and the keywords long‐term, breast cancer survivors, needs and social support. Hand‐searching was also done, and reference lists of papers were examined for relevant studies.Results. Survivors of breast cancer continue to experience informational and emotional needs during their long‐term survivorship, and variation in the amount and type of support required is age‐related. However, women's needs are often unmet by oncology teams and they have to find other sources of support, such as self‐help groups. Thus, ongoing care is required after completion of medical treatment, and nurses have a significant contribution to make here.Conclusions. Nursing research on long‐term breast cancer survivorship is limited. Future studies need to investigate the unmet needs of long‐term survivors of breast cancer and, specifically, explore the kind of support women would like to receive from oncology teams, and particularly from breast cancer nurses.
Ageing, care dependency, and care for older people in Egypt: a review of the literature
Authors: Boggatz Thomas , Dassen Theo 
Published: August 2005

Aims.  The purpose of this study was to gain an overview of the current situation of ageing and elderly care in Egypt and to consider the ensuing socio‐economical problems, which provide the framework for the provision of care.Background.  Recent discussions about demographic transition in developing countries suggest a change in their age group composition. Possible implications of this development for nursing care require closer examination.Method.  Literature about ageing and elderly care in Egypt of the period from 1980–2004 was researched and reviewed.Results.  Despite the scarcity of literature and the lack of precision in many cases, it is possible to outline an overall development. Ageing is a slowly emerging phenomenon in Egypt contributing to a change in the country's age group composition. The ensuing care dependency appears to become a problem especially for lower and middle class members due to economical restrictions and life‐style changes. In relation to the need, there is a shortage of care‐providing institutions. Furthermore, geriatric homes seem to differ in their quality according to the residents’ social status.Conclusion.  The existing types of geriatric homes will serve as prototypes for future development. There is however, a need for additional homecare services to reduce care givers’ strain in the families.
The meaning of work for nursing assistants who stay in long‐term care
Authors: Secrest Janet , Iorio Daniel H. , Martz Wallis 
Published: August 2005

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning of work for nursing assistants who stay in long‐term care.Background.  Nursing assistants are important caregivers in long‐term agencies. While studies have examined why nursing assistants leave, their motivation to stay has not been well studied.Design.  An existential‐phenomenological study was conducted using Pollio's approach.Methods.  In‐depth interviews were conducted with 11 nursing assistants in four nursing homes. Interviews were analysed within the context of an interpretive research group. Findings were represented in a diagram of interrelated figural/ground themes.Conclusions.  The meaning of work emerged as an experience of family, pride and control, in spite of an environment fraught with hostility, disrespect and lack of control.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nursing assistants provide most of the care to residents of long‐term facilities. Understanding their perspective offers insight into nursing administrators in creating environments in which safe, compassionate and cost‐effective care co‐exist. Implications for clinical practice are framed within King's theory of goal attainment.
YaeT (Omp85) affects the assembly of lipid‐dependent and lipid‐independent outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli
Authors: Werner John , Misra Rajeev 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe Omp85 family of proteins has been found in all Gram‐negative bacteria and even several eukaryotic organisms. The previously uncharacterized Escherichia coli member of this family is YaeT. The results of this study, consistent with previous Omp85 studies, show that the yaeT gene encodes for an essential cellular function. Direct examinations of the outer membrane fraction and protein assembly revealed that cells depleted for YaeT are severely defective in the biogenesis of outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Interestingly, assemblies of the two distinct groups of OMPs that follow either SurA‐ and lipopolysaccharide‐dependent (OmpF/C) or ‐independent (TolC) folding pathways were affected, suggesting that YaeT may act as a general OMP assembly factor. Depletion of cells for YaeT led to the accumulation of OMPs in the fraction enriched for periplasm, thus indicating that YaeT facilitates the insertion of soluble assembly intermediates from the periplasm to the outer membrane. Our data suggest that YaeT's role in the assembly of OMPs is not mediated through a role in lipid biogenesis, as debated for Omp85 in Neisseria, thus advocating a conserved OMP assembly function of Omp85 homologues.