bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of branchial V-H+-ATPase,Na+/K+-ATPase and NHE2 in response to acid and base infusions in the Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
Authors: Tresguerres Martin , Katoh Fumi , Fenton Heather , Jasinska Edyta , Goss Greg G. 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYTo study the mechanisms of branchial acid-base regulation, Pacific spiny dogfish were infused intravenously for 24 h with either HCl (495± 79μmol kg-1 h-1) or NaHCO3 (981±235μmol kg-1 h-1). Infusion of HCl produced a transient reduction in blood pH. Despite continued infusion of acid, pH returned to normal by 12 h. Infusion of NaHCO3 resulted in a new steady-state acid-base status at ∼0.3 pH units higher than the controls. Immunostained serial sections of gill revealed the presence of separate vacuolar proton ATPase (V-H+-ATPase)-rich or sodium-potassium ATPase(Na+/K+-ATPase)-rich cells in all fish examined. A minority of the cells also labeled positive for both transporters. Gill cell membranes prepared from NaHCO3-infused fish showed significant increases in both V-H+-ATPase abundance (300±81%) and activity. In addition, we found that V-H+-ATPase subcellular localization was mainly cytoplasmic in control and HCl-infused fish, while NaHCO3-infused fish demonstrated a distinctly basolateral staining pattern. Western analysis in gill membranes from HCl-infused fish also revealed increased abundance of Na+/H+ exchanger 2(213±5%) and Na+/K+-ATPase (315±88%)compared to the control.
Redox signaling in colonial hydroids: many pathways for peroxide
Authors: Blackstone Neil W. , Bivins Matthew J. , Cherry Kimberly S. , Fletcher Robert E. , Geddes Gabrielle C. 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYStudies of mitochondrial redox signaling predict that the colonial hydroids Eirene viridula and Podocoryna carnea should respond to manipulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both species encrust surfaces with feeding polyps connected by networks of stolons; P. carnea is more `sheet-like' with closely spaced polyps and short stolons, while E. viridula is more `runner-like' with widely spaced polyps and long stolons. Treatment with the chemical antioxidant vitamin C diminishes ROS in mitochondrion-rich epitheliomuscular cells (EMCs) and produces phenotypic effects (sheet-like growth) similar to uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. In peripheral stolon tips, treatment with vitamin C triggers a dramatic increase of ROS that is followed by tissue death and stolon regression. The enzymatic anti-oxidant catalase is probably not taken up by the colony but, rather, converts hydrogen peroxide in the medium to water and oxygen. Exogenous catalase does not affect ROS in mitochondrion-rich EMCs, but does increase the amounts of ROS emitted from peripheral stolons, resulting in rapid, runner-like growth. Treatment with exogenous hydrogen peroxide increases ROS levels in stolon tips and results in somewhat faster colony growth. Finally, untreated colonies of E. viridula exhibit higher levels of ROS in stolon tips than untreated colonies of P. carnea. ROS may participate in a number of putative signaling pathways: (1) high levels of ROS may trigger cell and tissue death in peripheral stolon tips; (2)more moderate levels of ROS in stolon tips may trigger outward growth, inhibit branching and, possibly, mediate the redox signaling of mitochondrion-rich EMCs; and (3) ROS may have an extra-colony function, perhaps in suppressing the growth of bacteria.
Development of the respiratory response to hypoxia in the isolated brainstem of the bullfrogRana catesbeiana
Authors: Winmill Rachel E. , Chen Anna K. , Hedrick Michael S. 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of cellular hypoxia, and the contribution of anaerobic metabolism, on respiratory activity in bullfrogs at different stages of development. Respiratory-related neural activity was recorded from cranial nerve rootlets in isolated brainstem preparations from pre-metamorphic (Taylor–Köllros (T-K) stages VIII-XVI) and postmetamorphic tadpoles (T-K stages XXIV-XXV) and adults. Changes in fictive gill/lung activity in brainstems from pre-metamorphic tadpoles and lung activity in postmetamorphic tadpoles and adults were examined during superfusion with control (98% O2/2% CO2) or hypoxic (98%N2/2% CO2) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Iodoacetate (IAA; 100 μmol l–1) was used in conjunction with hypoxic aCSF to inhibit glycolysis. Gill burst frequency in pre-metamorphic brainstems did not change over a 3 h exposure to hypoxia and fictive lung burst frequency slowed significantly, but only after 3 h hypoxia. Blockade of glycolysis with IAA during hypoxia significantly reduced the time respiratory activity could be maintained in pre-metamorphic, but not in adult,brainstems. In brainstems from post-metamorphic tadpoles and adults, lung burst frequency became significantly more episodic within 5–15 min hypoxic exposure, but respiratory neural activity was subsequently abolished in every preparation. The cessation of fictive breathing was restored to control levels upon reoxygenation. Neither tadpole nor adult brainstems exhibited changes in neural bursts resembling `gasping' that is observed in mammalian brainstems exposed to severe hypoxia. There was also a significant increase in the frequency of `non-respiratory' bursts in hypoxic postmetamorphic and adult brainstems, but not in pre-metamorphic brainstems. These results indicate that pre-metamorphic tadpoles are capable of maintaining respiratory activity for 3 h or more during severe hypoxia and rely to a great extent upon anaerobic metabolism to maintain respiratory motor output. Upon metamorphosis, however, hypoxia results in significant changes in respiratory frequency and pattern, including increased lung burst episodes,non-ventilatory bursts and a reversible cessation of respiratory activity. Adults have little or no ability to maintain respiratory activity through glycolysis but, instead, stop respiratory activity until oxygen is available. This `switch' in the respiratory response to hypoxia coincides morphologically with the loss of gills and obligate air-breathing in the postmetamorphic frog. We hypothesize that the cessation of respiratory activity in post-metamorphic tadpoles and adults is an adaptive, energy-saving response to low oxygen.
3H-l-histidine and 65Zn2+ are cotransported by a dipeptide transport system in intestine of lobsterHomarus americanus
Authors: Conrad Erik M. , Ahearn Gregory A. 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYThe tubular intestine of the American lobster Homarus americanuswas isolated in vitro and perfused with a physiological saline whose composition was based on hemolymph ion concentrations and contained variable concentrations of 3H-l-histidine, 3H-glycyl-sarcosine and 65Zn2+. Mucosa to serosa (M→S) flux of each radiolabelled substrate was measured by the rate of isotope appearance in the physiological saline bathing the tissue on the serosal surface. Addition of 1–50 μmol l–1 zinc to the luminal solution containing 1–50 μmol l–13H-l-histidine significantly (P&lt;0.01)increased M→S flux of amino acid compared to controls lacking the metal. The kinetics of M→S 3H-l-histidine flux in the absence of zinc followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics(Km=6.2±0.8 μmol l–1; Jmax =0.09±0.004 pmol cm–2min–1). Addition of 20 μmol l–1 zinc to the luminal perfusate increased both kinetic constants(Km=19±3 μmol l–1; Jmax=0.28±0.02 pmol cm–2min–1). Addition of both 20 μmol l–1 zinc and 100 μmol l–1l-leucine abolished the stimulatory effect of the metal alone (Km=4.5±1.7μmol l–1; Jmax=0.08±0.008 pmol cm–2 min–1). In the absence of l-histidine, M→S flux of 65Zn2+ also followed the Michaelis–Menten relationship and addition of l-histidine to the perfusate significantly (P&lt;0.01)increased both kinetic constants. Addition of either 50 μmol l–1 Cu+ or Cu2+ and 20 μmol l–1l-histidine simultaneously abolished the stimulatory effect of l-histidine alone on transmural 65Zn2+ transport. Zinc-stimulation of M→S 3H-l-histidine flux was significantly(P&lt;0.01) reduced by the addition of 100 μmol l–1 glycyl-sarcosine to the perfusate, as a result of the dipeptide significantly (P&lt;0.01) reducing both l-histidine transport Km and Jmax. Transmural transport of 3H-glycyl-sarcosine was unaffected by the presence of either l-histidine or l-leucine when either amino acid was added to the perfusate alone, but at least a 50% reduction in peptide transport was observed when zinc and either of the amino acids were added simultaneously. These results show that 3H-l-histidine and 65Zn2+ are cotransported across the lobster intestine by a dipeptide carrier protein that binds both substrates in a bis-complex (Zn-[His]2) resembling the normal dipeptide substrate. In addition, the transmural transports of both substrates may also occur by uncharacterized carrier processes that are independent of one another and appear relatively specific to the solutes used in this study.
The influence of environmentalPO2 on hemoglobin oxygen saturation in developing zebrafishDanio rerio
Authors: Grillitsch Sandra , Medgyesy Nikolaus , Schwerte Thorsten , Pelster Bernd 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYSeveral studies suggest that during early larval development of lower vertebrates convective blood flow is not essential to supply oxygen to the tissues, but information about the oxygenation status of larvae during the time of cutaneous respiration is still missing. If convective oxygen transport contributes to the oxygen supply to tissues, venous blood in the central circulatory system should be partly deoxygenated, and hyperoxia should increase the oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin. To analyze the changes in hemoglobin oxygen saturation induced by hyperoxic incubation, zebrafish larvae were incubated in a tiny chamber between polytetrafluoroethylene membranes(Teflon), so that the oxygen supply could be rapidly modified. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation was measured in vivo by combining video imaging techniques with a spectrophotometrical analysis of hemoglobin light absorption at specific wavelengths for maximal absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (413 nm and 431 nm, respectively) under normoxic conditions and after a 10 min period of hyperoxia (PO2=100 kPa),assuming that at a PO2 of 100 kPa the hemoglobin is fully saturated. The results demonstrated that red blood cell oxygenation of zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (d.p.f.), 5 d.p.f. and 12 d.p.f. could be increased by hyperoxia. The data suggest that at the time of yolk sac degradation (i.e. 4 d.p.f. and 5 d.p.f.), when the total surface area of the animal is reduced, bulk diffusion of oxygen may not be sufficient to prevent a partial deoxygenation of the hemoglobin. The decrease in hemoglobin oxygenation observed at 12 d.p.f. confirms earlier studies indicating that at 12–14 d.p.f., convective oxygen transport becomes necessary to ensure oxygen supply to the growing tissues.
Selective Extraction of Silver Ion with Proton-Switchable Calix[4]arene
Authors: Higuchi Hirotaka , Matsufuji Takashi , Oshima Tatsuya , Ohto Keisuke , Inoue Katsutoshi , Tsend-Ayush Tsermaa , Gloe Karsten 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
New pyridine-functionalized proton-switchable calix[4]arenes were synthesized to investigate extraction properties, and performed good extractability toward silver ion in acidic solution.
Moxifloxacin—Warfarin Interaction: A Series of Five Case Reports
Authors: Elbe Dean HT , Chang Sandra W 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report 5 cases of a moxifloxacin—warfarin drug interaction, all resulting in elevated international normalized ratios (INRs) and clinically significant hemorrhage in one case. CASE SUMMARIES: Between January 2002 and January 2004, 4 men and 1 woman (age range 63–92 y) were retrospectively identified as having significantly elevated INR results shortly after being prescribed moxifloxacin with concomitant warfarin therapy. DISCUSSION: This is the second series of case reports describing an interaction between warfarin and moxifloxacin. The current moxifloxacin product monograph indicates this drug has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of R- or S-warfarin or the prothrombin time (INR). A moxifloxacin—warfarin interaction probably led to prolonged hospitalization in 2 cases and significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage in one case. In 3 of the 5 cases, a moxifloxacin—warfarin interaction was assessed as probable, and in the remaining 2 cases, a moxifloxacin—warfarin interaction was assessed as possible by use of the Naranjo probability scale. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals should consider moxifloxacin for the potential to interact with warfarin. Routine, frequent INR monitoring for patients previously stabilized on warfarin during initiation and discontinuation of moxifloxacin may help detect this potential interaction.
Argatroban and Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tang Ignatius Y , Cox Donna S , Patel Kruti , Reddy Bharathi V , Nahlik Linda , Trevino Sharon , Murray Patrick T 
Published: January 2005

BACKGROUND: Argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is an effective anticoagulant for patients who have heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Anticoagulation is usually required for renal replacement therapy (RRT). OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of argatroban during RRT in hospitalized patients with or at risk for HIT. METHODS: Five patients with known or suspected HIT underwent hemodialysis (n = 4) or continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH, n = 1), while receiving a continuous infusion of argatroban 0.5–2 μg/kg/min. Activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs), activated clotting times (ACTs), argatroban concentrations (plasma, dialysate, CVVH effluent), and safety were assessed before, during, and after a 4-hour session of RRT. Systemic and dialytic argatroban clearances were calculated. RESULTS: Among the 4 hemodialysis patients, aPTT, ACT, and plasma argatroban concentrations remained stable during RRT, with respective mean ± SD values of 74.3 ± 34.2 seconds, 198 ± 23 seconds, and 499 ± 353 ng/mL before RRT, and 70.6 ± 21.4 seconds, 181 ± 12 seconds, and 453 ± 295 ng/mL 2 hours after starting RRT (p values NS). Systemic clearance was 17.7 ± 12.8 L/h before hemodialysis and 17.0 ± 9.5 L/h during hemodialysis (n = 2). The dialyzer clearance (dialysate recovery method) was 1.5 ± 0.4 L/h (n = 4). Generally similar responses occurred in the CVVH patient: systemic argatroban clearance was 4.8 L/h before CVVH and 4 L/h during CVVH. The hemofilter argatroban clearance was 0.9 L/h. No bleeding or thrombosis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Argatroban provides effective alternative anticoagulation in patients with or at risk for HIT during RRT. Argatroban clearance by high-flux membranes during hemodialysis and CVVH is clinically insignificant, necessitating no dose adjustment.
Congenital Stationary Night Blindness Type 2 Mutations S229P, G369D, L1068P, and W1440X Alter Channel Gating or Functional Expression of Cav1.4 L-type Ca2+Channels
Authors: Hoda Jean-Charles , Zaghetto Francesca , Koschak Alexandra , Striessnig Jörg 
Published: January 2005

Mutations in theCACNA1Fgene (voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel α1F subunit) encoding retinal Cav1.4 L-type Ca2+channels cause X-linked recessive congenital stationary night blindness type 2 (CSNB2). Many of them are predicted to yield nonfunctional channels. Complete loss of Cav1.4 function is therefore regarded as a pathogenetic mechanism for the impaired signaling from photoreceptors to second-order retinal neurons. We investigated the functional consequences of CSNB2 missense mutations S229P, G369D, and L1068P and the C-terminal truncation mutant W1440X.After expression inXenopus laevisoocytes or human embryonic kidney tsA-201 cells, inward Ca2+current (ICa) and inward Ba2+current (IBa) could be recorded from mutations G369D and L1068P. G369D shifted the half-maximal voltage for channel activation (V0.5,act) significantly to more negative potentials (>11 mV), slowed inactivation, and removed Ca2+-dependent inactivation. The L1068P mutant yielded currents only in the presence of the channel activator BayK8644. Currents (IBa) inactivated faster than wild type (WT) and recovered more slowly from inactivation (IBaandICa). No channel activity could be measured for mutants S229P and W1440X after oocyte expression. No W1440X α1 protein was detected after expression in tsA-201 cells, whereas S229P (as well as G369D and L1068P) α1 subunits were expressed at levels indistinguishable from WT (n= 3).Our data provide unequivocal evidence that CSNB2 missense mutations can induce severe changes in Cav1.4 function, which may decrease (L1068P and S229P) or even increase (G369D) channel activity. The lower activation range of G369D can explain the reduced dynamic range of photoreceptor signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate that loss of channel function of one (L1068P) CSNB2 mutation can be rescued by a Ca2+channel activator.
3.2: Integrated a‐Si Gate Driver Circuit for TFT‐LCD Panel
Authors: Jeon Jin , Choo Kyo‐Seop , Lee Won‐Kyu , Song Jun‐Ho , Kim Hyung‐Guel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe developed an a‐Si TFT‐LCD panel with integrated gate driver circuit using a standard 5‐MASK process. To minimize the effect of the a‐Si TFT current and LC's capacitance variation with temperature, we developed a new a‐Si TFT circuit structure and minimized coupling capacitance by changing vertical architecture above gate driver circuit. Integration of gate driver circuit on glass substrate enables single chip and 3‐side free panel structure in a‐Si TFT‐LCD of QVGA(240*320) resolution.
3.3: Display Driver Circuits Fabricated on Flexible Stainless Steel Foils
Authors: Afentakis Themistokles , Hatalis Miltiadis , Voutsas Apostolos , Hartzell John 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses the design and fabrication of digital circuits (primarily shift registers) for display and other active‐matrix driving applications on flexible substrates. The unique advantages of the substrate material and their relation to circuit performance are indicated. A high temperature fabrication process for laser annealed polycrystalline silicon MOS transistors on stainless steel foils is outlined, resulting in effective mobility values up to 267cm2/Vs for n‐channel and 88cm2/Vs for p‐channel devices. Transistor CMOS inverters with a minimum propagation delay of 1.02ns per inverter stage are reported. Both static and dynamic register designs with a high degree of integration are reported, having maximum operating frequencies up to 1.5MHz and 2.5MHz respectively, at supply voltages of 10V or less. These results constitute the first realization of this level of performance and complexity on flexible substrates, and demonstrate the feasibility of high‐speed digital circuitry on thin foils suited for ‐ but not limited to‐ active matrix array driving.
3.4: Invited Paper: Developments of Transmissive a‐Si TFT‐LCD using Low Temperature Processes on Plastic Substrate
Authors: Kim B. S. , Hong M. , Lee Y. U. , Ryu M. S. , Choi T. Y. , Huh J. M. , Seo J. H. , Lee W. J. , Park A. N. , Rho S. G. , Kim S. I. , Lim J. S. , Chung K. , Won S. H. , Chung J. K. , Ahn J. H. , Jang J. , Kwon S.‐B. , Kim W. S. , Min K. S. , Choi M. S. , Kim H. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the formatting guidelines for the SID: International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. By downloading this template from the website, you will have the formats for your article, so that it can be electronically submitted.
4.2: Development of a Novel Transflective Color LTPS‐LCD with Cap‐Divided VA‐Mode
Authors: Kang Seung‐Gon , Kim Seong‐Ho , Song Seock‐Cheon , Park Won‐Sang , Yi Chung , Kim Chi‐Woo , Chung Kyu‐Ha 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel transflective VA‐mode to realize the good display performance was developed. In order to drive both transmissive and reflective modes simultaneously without any modulation of gamma in a single‐gap structure, we have introduced a new design concept into the reflective region of each pixel, where the capacitance is separated into liquid crystal(CLC) and organic layer(COL), playing a key role as a voltage divider in our cap‐divided VA‐mode. With this single‐gamma driving method, quite suitable for practical application to the mobile multimedia system due to its merits of simplifying processes and good legibility, we have achieved good optical characteristics such as high contrast ratio and wide viewing angle in a single‐gap homeotropic panel design.
5.2: A High Efficiency Phosphorescent White OLED for LCD Backlight and Display Applications
Authors: Tung Yeh‐Jiun , Ngo Tan , Hack Michael , Brown Julie , Koide Naotaka , Nagara Yoshiaki , Kato Yoshifumi , Ito Hironori 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe demonstrate a three‐component RGB phosphorescent white OLED with efficiencies of 38 cd/A, 18.4 lm/W, and 16% EQE at 1000 cd/m2 and CIE coordinates of (0.39, 0.39). The CRI is 79, indicating good suitability for use in full‐color LCD backlights and OLED displays based on RGB color filters. High performance is attributed to use of all phosphorescent dopants (red, green and blue). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this device is the highest efficiency white OLED reported to date in the literature.
3.1: MVA LCD for Notebook or Mobile PCs with High Transmittance, High Contrast Ratio, and Wide Angle Viewing
Authors: Yoshida Hidefumi , Tasaka Yasutoshi , Tanaka Yoshinori , Sukenori Hidetoshi , Koike Yoshio , Okamoto Kenji 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a new MVA‐LCD with high transmittance comparable to a TN‐LCD. We stacked a pair of quarter wave plates and stabilized the molecular alignment by dividing each pixel and arranging fine slits and nipple‐shaped protrusions. The quality affordable for desk‐top monitor is realized for mobile display.
7.1: Invited Paper: Plotting the Course of the Next VESA Flat Panel Display Measurements Standard
Authors: Kelley Edward F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Display Metrology Committee of the Video Electronics Standards Association is developing the next Flat Panel Display Measurements Standard. The document's philosophy and the standard's acceptance are reviewed. New directions will be reviewed, including more diagnostics, robust reflection measurements and their scaling, motion artifacts, and robustness of the measurement.
8.1: Improvement of the Discharge Time lag and Luminous Efficiency in an AC ‐ PDP with 200μm Sustain Gap
Authors: Lee Seung Hun , Lee Jae Hyun , Lee Kyo Sung , Shin Bhum Jae , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe characteristics of 200 μm sustain‐gap discharge in an AC PDP with auxiliary electrode and high Xe content were investigated. When the voltage of the pulse applied to auxiliary electrode during sustain period was the range of 20–50 volt, the luminance and luminous efficiency of Ne+13% gas mixture discharges in an AC PDP with 200 μm sustain‐gap had their maximum value. The luminous efficiency was improved by 166% in comparison with that of the conventional structure with Ne+4% Xe gas‐mixture. Using the pulse applied to the auxiliary electrode during address period, the discharge time lag of address pulse was improved by 55%.
8.2: New Electrode Structure to Improve Discharge Characteristics in AC PDPs
Authors: Son Seung‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Mo , Hatanaka Hidekazu , Jang Sang‐Hun , Kim Gi‐Young , Park Hyoung‐Bin , Lee Seong‐Eui , Kang Kyoung‐Doo , Heo Eun‐Gi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new structure including igniter electrode is proposed to achieve a low sustaining voltage and high luminous efficacy. By measuring minimum sustaining voltage(Vsm), discharge current(Ion), displacement current(Ioff) and brightness of the light from a 6‐inch AC PDP, performances of the conventional structure and the igniter structure are compared. When compared with the conventional structure, the igniter structure showed 10% Vsm improvement at the Ne‐Xe(10%) gas mixture of 600 mbar. Therefore, we could apply the higher partial pressure of Ne‐Xe(12%) to the igniter structure, which results in 42% luminous efficacy improvement at the similar sustaining voltage range.