bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Healing of Class II and Class III Furcations 24 Months After Guided Tissue Regeneration Therapy: Digital Subtraction and Clinical Measurements
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Hausmann Ernest 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to compare bone regeneration as assessed by subtraction radiography with clinical attachment measurements 24 months after regenerative surgery.Methods: In 24 patients with advanced periodontitis, 34 Class II and 10 Class III furcations were treated by guided tissue regeneration using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (n = 18) or bioabsorbable barriers (n = 26). Clinical parameters were assessed and 40 pairs of standardized radiographs were taken before and 24 months after surgery. Bony gain within furcations was assessed using subtraction analysis.Results: In Class II furcations, statistically significant (P <0.001) vertical (CAL‐V: 1.06 ± 1.56 mm) and horizontal (CAL‐H: 2.05 ± 1.24 mm) attachment gain was observed 24 months postsurgically. Within Class III defects CAL‐V gain was assessed 1.78 ± 1.43 mm (P <0.005). CAL‐H gain in buccal and lingual Class II furcations was explained by the relative density gain, baseline CAL‐H, gingival index (GI) reduction, and individual patients (P <0.001) whereas, multiple regression analysis failed to show a relation between CAL‐H gain and any of the subtraction parameters for interproximal furcations. Vertical attachment gain in interproximal sites was explained by net bony area gain (subtraction), PD and GI reduction, baseline CAL‐V, defect type, smoking, and individual patients (P <0.001).Conclusions: There was a statistically significant correlation between clinical and radiographic improvements within furcation defects. However, this correlation was modulated by other factors such as baseline CAL‐V or CAL‐H, PD and GI reduction, or smoking. The relative density gain seemed to sufficiently describe bony changes related to clinical changes within buccal and lingual furcations, whereas bone area gain suitably described bony changes in interproximal Class II and III furcations. J Periodontol 1999;70:1490‐1500.
Role of Intramarrow Penetration in Osseous Repair: A Pilot Study in the Rabbit Calvaria
Authors: Majzoub Zeina , Berengo Mario , Giardino Roberto , Nicoli Aldini Nicolò , Cordioli Giampiero 
Published: February 2005

Background: The use of intramarrow penetration in combination with osseous reconstructive surgery has been recommended in various periodontal and oral surgical applications. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of intramarrow penetration on the rate of bone neogenesis in protected spaces created on the calvarial bone using occlusive titanium domes in 16 adult white rabbits.Methods: In each rabbit, 2 standardized circular 1 mm deep slits were prepared in the bone, one on each side of the midline using a trephine. Within the perimeter of one of the slits, the external cortical surface of the skull bone was mechanically perforated using a carbide round bur (experimental site), while the bone surface within the other slit (control site) was left intact. Subsequently, 2 prefabricated titanium domes with an inner diameter of 4.8 mm and an inner height of 3.0 mm were anchored in the prepared slits. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 4 rabbits each and were sacrificed at 10, 21, 42, and 60 days. The specimens were assessed for the percentage bone fill and density of the newly formed bone within the boundaries of the domes.Results: Histomorphometric analysis showed significantly increased bone neogenesis within the experimental domes at 10, 21, 42, and 60 days. A mean total area of 29% newly formed bone was demonstrated in the experimental sites at 21 days, while negligible bone formation (9%) occurred with the control domes at the same evaluation interval. Bone density was consistently higher in experimental domes at all healing intervals.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the results demonstrate that intramarrow penetration accelerates initial bone neogenesis and results in increased bone fill and density, suggesting that its use can be beneficial in bone regenerative procedures. J Periodontol 1999;70:1501‐1510.
Microbiota of Successful Osseointegrated Dental Implants
Authors: Lee K.H. , Maiden M.F.J. , Tanner A.C.R. , Weber H.P. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The long‐term survival of dental implants depends, in part, on control of bacterial infection in the peri‐implant region. Periodontal pathogens colonized implants symptomatic through infection, whereas the microbiota of successful implants was similar to that of periodontal health. This study examined the impact on the peri‐implant microbiota of crown restorations; implant type; length of time of loading; history of implant or periodontal infections; and whether implants replaced single or multiple teeth. It was of particular interest to evaluate implant colonization by species in a newly described red complex of periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus.Methods: This study sampled 43 partially edentulous subjects with successfully osseointegrated titanium root‐form dental implants. Eighty‐one (81) non‐submerged and 20 submerged asymptomatic implants, 83 crowned, and 36 uncrowned teeth were sampled from peri‐implant or subgingival sites. The microbiota of samples was evaluated using whole genomic DNA probes in a checkerboard assay to 23 subgingival species.Results: Implants were colonized principally by oral streptococci, capnocytophagae, Veillonella parvula, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The periodontal species, P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, andCampylobacter rectus were detected in a few subjects. The microbiota around crowned implants and crowned teeth was similar. Streptococcus oralis, P. intermedia, and Selenomonas noxia were elevated in samples from uncrowned teeth compared to crowned teeth and implants. Microbial complexity increased as loading time increased, but colonization by periodontal pathogens, including red complex species, was higher in subjects with previous periodontal disease. No differences were observed in the microbiota of 1‐ and 2‐stage implants, or between implants supporting single or multiple restorations.Conclusions: While presence of crowns had only a minor impact on the peri‐implant microbiota, microbial changes were observed the longer the implants had been in function and in those patients with a history of periodontal or peri‐implant infections. A history of periodontitis had a greater impact on the peri‐implant microbiota than implant loading time. The major influence on the peri‐implant microbiota was, however, the microbiota on remaining teeth. P. gingivalis and B. forsythus, red complex periodontal pathogens, colonized several implants, although all implants were successfully osseointegrated. J Periodontol 1999; 70: 131‐138.
Comparison of Enamel Matrix Proteins and Bioabsorbable Membranes in the Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects. A Split‐Mouth Study
Authors: Sculean Anton , Donos Nikolaos , Blaes Anja , Lauermann Markus , Reich Elmar , Brecx Michel 
Published: February 2005

Background: Enamel matrix proteins (EMP) have recently been introduced as a new modality for regenerative periodontal treatment. However, limited information is available concerning the comparison of the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with enamel matrix proteins and other regenerative treatment alternatives.Methods: The aim of the present controlled clinical trial was to compare the treatment of deep intrabony periodontal defects with EMP to that with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with bioabsorbable membranes. Sixteen patients, each of whom displayed one pair of intrabony defects located contralaterally in the same jaw, were randomly treated with EMP or with a bioabsorbable membrane. Prior to surgery and 8 months later the following parameters were evaluated by a blinded examiner: Plaque index (PI), gingival index (Gl), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) were given during the first 10 days after surgery. No statistical significant differences in any of the investigated parameters between the 2 groups were observed at baseline.Results: No serious adverse events (e.g., allergic reactions or abscesses) after any of the treatments were noted during the entire observation period. Membrane exposure occurred in 7 out of the 16 GTR treated sites. Clinical examination was performed again 8 months postoperatively. Sites treated with EMP demonstrated a reduction of PD from 8.1±1.7 mm to 4.3±1.2 mm (P <0.001) and a change in CAL from 10.3±1.8 mm to 7.2±1.2 mm (P <0.001). The sites treated with GTR showed a reduction of PD from 8.3±1.7 mm to 4.3±0.7 mm (P <0.001) and a change of CAL from 10.1±1.9 mm to 7.1±1.7 mm (P <0.001). Both treatment procedures led to significant improvements of PD and CAL. However, no statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the test and control group.Conclusions: It may be concluded that both therapies led to shortterm improvements of the investigated clinical parameters. Further studies of much higher power are needed to support equivalence. J Periodontol 1999; 70:255‐262.
A Bioactive Glass Particulate in the Treatment of Molar Furcation Invasions
Authors: Anderegg Charles R. , Alexander David C. , Freidman M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Procedures for the treatment of molar furcation invasion defects range from open flap debridement, apically repositioned flap, hemisection, tunneling or extraction, to regenerative therapies.Methods: The results of surgical therapy consisting of the clinical parameters of probing depth and bleeding on probing were compared in 15 patients with moderate to advanced adult periodontitis. Each patient received surgical therapy consisting of regenerative therapy using bioactive glass compared to open flap debridement alone in human mandibular molar furcation defects.Results: The results of therapy were statistically significant in the defects treated with the bioactive glass.Conclusions: This study revealed the benefits of bioactive glass in the treatment of Class II furcation defects regarding the clinical parameters of probing depth reduction and the reduction in bleeding on probing. J Periodontol 1999;70:384‐387.
Comparison of Bioactive Glass to Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects Around Implants in the Canine Mandible
Authors: Hall E. Ellen , Meffert Roland M. , Hermann Joachim S. , Mellonig James T. , Cochran David L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the healing of different bone grafting materials adjacent to titanium plasma‐sprayed (TPS) endosseous dental implants.Methods: Implant osteotomy sites were prepared and standardized 3‐walled intrabony defects (3 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm) were created at the mesial of each implant site. Thirty‐two TPS implants were placed in edentulous mandibular ridges of the 4 dogs. Periodontal dressings were placed in the defect sites so as to create a defect simulating bone loss around an implant. After 3 months, the periodontal dressing was removed, the defect sites debrided and evaluated for size, and intramarrow penetration performed. The graft materials tested were 1) canine demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (cDFDBA); 2) bioactive glass granules of a broad size range 90 to 710 microns (BRG); and 3) bioactive glass granules of narrow size range 300 to 355 microns (NRG). One site on each side of the mandible was not filled and served as a control. Dogs were sacrificed 4 months after graft placement.Results: Histologically, differences in percent bone‐to‐implant contact in the defect area were observed between the treatment groups. cDFDBA>control=BRG=NRG with statistical significance found between cDFDBA and control (P = 0.0379), but no statistically significant difference between control or either bioactive glass material. When comparing percent bone height fill of the defect in the grafted area, cDFDBA (65.7%) was significantly better than the control (48.9%; P ≤ 0.05) with no statistically significant difference between control, broad range bioactive glass (57.3%) and narrow range bioactive glass (56.6%). When total bone area was measured, the percentage of new bone in the grafted area was cDFDBA (42.1%), broad range glass (33.1%) and narrow range glass (22.6%) with significance found between cDFDBA and NRG (P = 0.0102). The content of residual graft particles in soft tissue was significant (P = 0.0304) between cDFDBA (1.4%) and NRG (11.4%) with no significant difference between graft material for residual particle content in bone tissue.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that percent bone‐toimplant contact and percent bone height fill in an intrabony defect around titanium plasma‐sprayed implants are statistically significantly higher with the use of DFDBA when compared to bioactive glass material. J Periodontol 1999;70:526‐535.
Compliance With Supportive Periodontal Therapy. Part 1. Risk of Non‐Compliance in the First 5–Year Period
Authors: Novaes Arthur B. , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) is needed for the success of periodontal therapy; however, patient compliance is poor. This study evaluates records from non‐compliant patients in an attempt to identify a profile of patients with a higher risk of becoming non‐compliant.Methods: Data on 874 patients who had completed active periodontal treatment up to 5 years earlier and who had begun SPT were analyzed for risk of non‐compliance. The factors evaluated were gender (326 males and 548 females); type of therapy (surgical or non‐surgical) and age (≤20; 21 to 30; 31 to 40; 41 to 50; and ≥51 years) and the relationships among them.Results: The overall rate of non‐compliance was 46.8%, and the relative risk for non‐compliance was greater in the younger age groups (≤40 years old) when compared to the older groups. Gender, age, and type of therapy as independent factors were not significant risk factors for non‐compliance, but the association of the 3 factors produced interesting results.Conclusions: This study suggests that certain patient groups have a higher risk of non‐compliance and that clinicians should intensify their efforts in motivating and instructing these patient groups in the importance of SPT. J Periodontol 1999;70:679‐682.
Antibody Reactive With Porphyromonas gingivalis Serotypes K1‐6 in Adult and Generalized Early‐Onset Periodontitis
Authors: Califano Joseph V. , Schifferle Robert E. , Gunsolley John C. , Best Al M. , Schenkein Harvey A. , Tew John G. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Six serotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis have recently been described. We sought to test the hypothesis that serotype specific carbohydrates from these strains are important antigens that elicit potent immune responses.Methods: Serum concentrations of IgG reactive with P. gingivalis serotypes K1‐K6 were determined for 28 adult (AP) and 28 generalized early‐onset (G‐EOP) periodontitis patients previously determined to be seropositive for a broken cell preparation of P. gingivalis. To confirm relationships suggested for K1, K2, and K6 in the analysis of initial data, the study population was increased to 133.Results: Frequency of seropositivity for the 6 serotypes ranged from 26 to 54% of subjects. IgG concentrations ranged from 0 to 453 μg/ml with many subjects seropositive to more than one serotype. Concentrations for the subset of patients who was seropositive were high (mean responses ranged from 20 to 105 µg/ml for the 6 serotypes). Significant correlations between seropositivity to serotypes K1 and K5 as well as between K5 and K6 were found.Conclusions: We examined the relationship of diagnosis, race, gender, smoking, probing depth, attachment loss, and antibody reaction with the P. gingivalis serotypes by analysis of variance. Initial findings suggested potential relationships between diagnosis, smoking, race, gender, and antibody reactive with serotypes K1, K2, and K6. A significant relationship did exist between smoking and decreased antibody reactive with P. gingivalis serotype K2. No other relationships were substantiated. We also examined the IgG subclass distribution and found that responses were almost exclusively IgG2. These data support the concept that antibody responses to all 6 serotypes are common in both AP and G‐EOP and that these K serotype carbohydrates elicit potent IgG2 responses. J Periodontol 1999; 70: 730‐735.
Relationships Between Longitudinal Changes in Radiographic Alveolar Bone Height and Probing Depth Measurements: Data From Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Pilgram Thomas K. , Hildebolt Charles F. , Yokoyama‐Crothers Naoko , Dotson Mary , Cohen Sheldon C. , Hauser Jay F. , Kardaris Eugenia 
Published: February 2005

Background: The relationship between loss of radiographic alveolar bone height and probing attachment loss has been studied by a number of investigators, with mixed results. Recent studies have found weak correlations and have suggested that the relationship between bone loss and attachment loss is complex, perhaps because changes in bone height and attachment level are separated in time.Methods: The 85 patients in this report were part of a prospective estrogen replacement interventional study. All patients were in good oral health at entry and received annual oral prophylaxis as part of the study. Standard probing measurements were made with a pressure‐sensitive probe at 6 sites on each tooth. Vertical bitewing radiographs were taken of each patient, radiographs were digitized, and 6 linear measurements (corresponding to probing site measurements) were made from the cemento‐enamel junction to the alveolar crest. These procedures were performed at baseline and at annual intervals; this study reports results after 2 years. Data were analyzed both by individual site and by averaging identical sites from all measured teeth for each patient.Results: Very weak direct relationships between change in alveolar bone height and change in attachment level were found in both the site data (r2=0.0022; P = 0.189) and the patient average data (r2=0.031;P = 0.104).Conclusions: The changes in these patients were probably due to systemic changes in bone health rather than to periodontal disease. However, the weak correlations between changes in attachment level and bone height are similar to recent studies of periodontal disease. Our results support suggestions in the literature that the link between changes in attachment and alveolar bone height is complex, perhaps because changes in the 2 tissue types are separated by a considerable time delay. J Periodontol 1999;70:829‐833.
Use of Lyodura for Bone Augmentation of Osseous Defects Around Dental Implants
Authors: Peleg Michael , Chaushu Gavriel , Blinder Daniella , Taicher Shlomo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Lyodura has been used in periodontology and maxillofacial surgery to overcome different clinical conditions. The use of lyodura to induce new bone formation in humans has not been widely reported. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of lyodura as a resorbable barrier to promote bone formation in osseous defects around dental implants.Methods: The study group consisted of 22 healthy patients (12 women and 10 men), with a mean age of 32 (range 20 to 45). A total of 44 implants (9 titanium screw‐type and 35 hydroxyapatitecoated cylinder implants) were placed. Of these, 27 implants were placed in the maxilla and 17 in the mandible. At 27 extraction sites bony vertical defects were measured on the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal sides of the implant. In the remaining 17 cases, where either immediate or staged implantation was performed, and a dehiscence was present, its vertical length was measured from the alveolar crest. All bony defects were grafted with autogenous bone harvested from the tuberosity. Each site was covered with lyodura.Results: Healing was uneventful; no inflammation, infection, or soft tissue dehiscence was observed. At all extraction sites and in 76% of the dehiscence defects, hard tissue appearing clinically similar to bone completely filled the defect. Of those defects not completely filled, a mean vertical bone increase of 2.5 mm was recorded. A mean vertical bone increase of 2.6 mm was achieved at extraction sites and a mean increase of 2.79 mm was achieved at dehiscence sites.Conclusions: Lyodura can safely and effectively be used for guided bone regeneration at both extraction sites and for dehiscence defects. J Periodontol 1999;70:853‐860.
Long‐Term Evaluation of 282 Implants in Maxillary and Mandibular Molar Positions: A Prospective Study
Authors: Becker William , Becker Burton E. , Alsuwyed Abdulaziz , Al‐Mubarak Sultan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Placement of implants into molar positions presents diagnostic, surgical and prosthetic challenges. There are few reported studies for implants placed into molar positions. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study is to report long‐term clinical outcomes for 282 implants placed into molar positions.Methods: Two‐hundred‐twelve patients received 282 implants. Implant size, location, jaw shape, and bone quality were recorded for all implants placed into molar positions. Seventy implants were inserted in maxillae and 212 in mandibles. Marginal bone level changes in maxillae and mandibles were measured from non‐standardized periapical radiographs taken at abutment connection and an average follow‐up of 3.9 years. Mesial‐distal implant measurements were made from the top of the implant cylinder to the first point of bone to implant contact. In mandibles, 39 implants were used for single molar replacements, 67 implants were placed into excellent bone quality (type I) and 113 were in good bone quality (type II); 145 implants were placed into bone with moderate bone resorption (type B); 166 implants were placed in first molar positions and 46 in second molar sites.Results: At 6 years the cumulative success rate (CSR) for mandibular implants is 91.5%, and the success rate from the 2 to 3 year follow‐up is 100%. Of the 70 implants placed in maxillae, 16 replaced single molars. Thirty‐two implants were placed in jaw shape B with type 2‐bone quality. For maxillary implants, the 6‐year CSR was 82.9% and the success rate remained steady at 100% after the 2 to 3 year follow‐up. For maxillary implants, at abutment connection the average marginal bone level was 1.67 mm, while at follow‐up it was 1.98 mm. These differences were statistically significant (P = 0.04), but are not considered to be clinically significant. For mandibular implants, at abutment connection the mean marginal bone level as measured from radiographs was 2.11 mm, and at follow‐up was 2.02 mm. This slight gain in bone level was not statistically significant and is not considered to be clinically significant.Conclusions: Results of this prospective longitudinal study of implants placed into molar positions indicates favorable clinical outcomes. These CSR rates (91.5% mandibles, 82.9% maxillae) are less than what has been reported for implants placed into mandibular and maxillary anterior segments. Differences in outcomes between anterior and posterior locations may be related to bone quality and quantity.J Periodontol 1999;70:896‐901.