PERDAGANGAN DAN PERTUKARAN MATAWANG DALAM ISLAM:SATU ANALISA PERUNDANGAN (Malay)
Authors: Ujimon Md.Som S 
Published: January 2024

Foreign currency in classical Islamic system was formed through two Mechanisms i.e. money changer and suftajah or â€œtelegrafic transfer, a mechanism applied by conventional banks as remittance of money being transacted from a country to other countries. Concept and theory of suftajah in the Islamic transaction law as indicated in the classical books of fiqh has been outlined as such is to ensure the exchange activity is conformed with the shariah law. In the context of foreign currency exchange in Islam, gold dinar (Roman) and dirham silver (Persian) has been made as benchmark at that time. Exchange and currency trading in Islam is based on certain conditions which have been stipulated in the contract of buying and selling. In normal circumstance, it requires the availability of seller, buyer and kind of currency to be traded, determination of value exchanged need to be agreed upon by all parties involved and the exchange to be taken place on the spot. Exchange and currency trading with other currency during the Prophetic time was allowed so long as interest and usury activities could be avoided. The Prophet (PBUH) allowed gold currency to be exchanged with silver currency or silver currency with gold currency if the exchange is taking place and the value of exchange rate is similar to that day. This article employs library study that is by referring to related reading materials i.e. books and articles and after that addressing the result of the analysis. Conclusion to be highlighted in the last part of the article.
ABSTRAK
Pertukaran matawang asing dalam sistem Islam klasik terbentuk melalui dua mekanisma iaitu al-Sarf atau money changer dan suftajah iaitu seperti kiriman wang melalui sistem telegrafic transfer, satu mekanisma yang diamalkan oleh bank-bank konvensional dalam urusan pengiriman wang dari sebuah negara ke sebuah negara lain. Konsep dan teori al-Sarf dan suftajah dalam fiqh muâ€™amalat klasik ini penting demi memastikan aktiviti pertukaran wang yang dijalankan adalah sah dari sudut syara. Dalam konteks pertukaran matawang asing dari perspektif Islam, dinar emas (Romawi) dan dirham perak (Parsi) telah dijadikan tanda aras pertukaran pada masa itu. Pertukaran dan perdagangan matawang dalam Islam adalah mengikut syarat kontrak jual-beli iaitu, adanya penjual, ada pembeli dan wujud matawang yang didagangkan. Penentuan nilai yang dipersetujui dan dilakukan pertukarannya hendaklah dengan serta merta iaitu (on the spot). Pertukaran dan perdagangan matawang dalam sesebuah negara dengan matawang di sesebuah negara lain semasa zaman Rasululullah SAW hukumnya adalah harus selagi mana amalan riba al-fadl dan riba al-nasiah dapat dihindarkan. Rasulullah SAW membenarkan pertukaran matawang emas dengan matawang perak atau matawang perak dengan matawang emas selagi tukarannya adalah mengikut nilai pada hari itu. Artikel ini menggunakan kajian perpustakaan iaitu merujuk kepada bahan-bahan bacaan iaitu sama ada buku atayu artikel yang berkaitan dan seterusnya mengemukakan hasil analisa daripada kajian tersebut. Kesimpulan dikemukakan pada bahagian akhir artikel ini.