bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmophoresis of a spherical vesicle in a circular cylindrical pore
Authors: Keh Huan J. , Hsu Yun S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe problem of the osmophoretic motion of a spherical vesicle along the centerline of a circular cylindrical pore is studied theoretically in the quasi‐steady limit of negligible Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The imposed solute concentration gradient is uniform and parallel to the pore wall, which may be either impermeable to the solute molecules or prescribed with the far‐field concentration distribution. The presence of the pore wall causes two basic effects on the vesicle velocity: (1) the local concentration gradients on the vesicle surface are altered by the wall, thereby speeding up or slowing down the vesicle; (2) the wall enhances the viscous interaction effect on the moving vesicle. To solve the equations of conservation of mass and momentum, the general solutions are constructed from the fundamental solutions in both cylindrical and spherical coordinates. The boundary conditions are enforced first at the pore wall by the Fourier transforms and then on the vesicle surface by a collocation technique. Numerical results for the osmophoretic velocity of the vesicle, relative to that under identical conditions in an unbounded solution, are presented for various values of the relevant properties of the vesicle as well as the relative separation distance between the vesicle and the pore wall. The collocation results agree well with the approximate analytical solution obtained by using a method of reflections. The presence of the wall will enhance the vesicle velocity, although its dependency on the ratio of vesicle‐to‐pore radii is not necessarily to be monotonic. In general, the boundary effect on osmophoresis is quite significant. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Carbon combustion synthesis of complex oxides: Process demonstration and features
Authors: Martirosyan K. S. , Luss D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCarbon combustion synthesis of oxides (CCSO) is a novel process to rapidly produce high‐purity, submicron, and porous powders of complex oxides. It is a modified form of self‐propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) that uses carbon as the fuel instead of a pure metal. The CO2 release increases the porosity and friability of the products. Like SHS, it is much faster (order of minutes) than the calcination processes (order of hours). CCSO has several advantages over SHS (the initial components are less expensive, porosity of the products is up to 70%). CCSO can produce complex oxides, such as LaGaO3, which cannot be produced by SHS. The feasibility and features of CCSO are illustrated by its use in producing barium titanate, lithium manganese, and lanthanum gallium oxides. The carbon concentration enabled control of the moving front temperature and average velocity and the particle size and surface area. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Analysis of the Start‐up Process for Reactive Distillation
Authors: Reepmeyer F. , Repke J.‐U. , Wozny G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe start‐up procedure of a distillation column is a time‐ and energy‐consuming process. Further, the products during the start‐up time are off specification and cannot easily be recycled as for conventional distillation but must costly be disposed of. In this paper, a process model to simulate the barely analyzed start‐up procedure for a reactive distillation from the cold and empty state to steady state is presented. The start‐up of a reactive distillation column has been modeled with gPROMS. The advantage of a cold and empty start‐up is the consistent and reproducible initialization. Commercial simulators do not give the opportunity to start form a cold and empty state, e.g., a column modeled with Hysys must be shut down from a steady state to be able to model the complete start‐up process, which is not possible, for example, for a batch process. Also, a change in the describing equations and discontinuities in process variables is difficult to handle within the simulation. In this paper, the start‐up strategies normally used for distillation without reaction are examined and applied to reactive distillation. It will be shown that the widely used strategy of total reflux is not suitable for reactive distillation. A simplified model to derive a time constant which describes the influence of parameter setting changes, like heating power, reflux ratio and feed composition on the start‐up time, is introduced and validated.
Analytic Solution of Diffusion‐Reaction in Spherical Porous Catalyst
Authors: Shi‐Bin L. , Yan‐Ping S. , Scott K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe model for coupled diffusion and nth‐order reaction in a spherical catalyst pellet, which is a strong nonlinear differential equation with boundary values, is solved using the Adomian decomposition method. The explicit solutions for concentration profiles and effectiveness factors, for the model equation, are obtained and compared with the solutions obtained by a finite difference numerical method. For reaction orders less than 1.0, the Adomian polynomial series solution with 4 terms gives comparable results to those obtained with a finite difference numerical procedure. For reaction orders greater than 1.0, series solutions with more than 6 terms, are required for good accuracy.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoreactors for Highly Efficient Proteolysis
Authors: Fan Jie , Shui Wenqing , Yang Pengyuan , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Yunmin , Wang Honghai , Chen Xian , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractProtein digestion inside the nanoreactor channels of mesoporous silica (SBA‐15) is reported, and evaluated by using peptide‐mass mapping. Both proteases and substrates were efficiently captured within these biocompatible nanoreactors. After 10 minutes, the mass spectrum of the protein digests released from the mesoporous‐silica‐based nanoreactors revealed the presence of eight peptides covering 58 % of the protein sequence with an intense signal (signal/noise ratio >70). In comparison, the conventional overnight in‐solution digestion of proteins under otherwise identical conditions generated only three peptides (27 % sequence coverage). We propose that this order‐of‐magnitude increase in the proteolytic reaction rate is mainly attributed to two factors: substrate enrichment within mesoporous silica channels and enzyme immobilization. The surface properties and macrostructure of the mesoporous silica were studied to reveal their significant influence on proteolytic reactions.
Population profiles of a stable, commensalistic bacterial culture grown with toluene under sulphate‐reducing conditions
Authors: Vogt Carsten , Lösche Andreas , Kleinsteuber Sabine , Müller Susann 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundMost bacteria present in nature are not culturable in pure culture by means of classic cultivation methods (Pace NR, 1997, Science 276:734–740; Amann RI et al., 1995, Microbiol Rev 59:143–169.). However, it was recently shown that most aerobic heterotrophic bacteria could grow only on artificial media when other micro‐organisms are present (Kaeberlein T et al., 2002, Science 296:1127–1129). Because the sulphate reducer Desulfobacula toluolica DSM 7467 and a bacterium (strain MV1) identified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. were not culturable unaccompanied, flow cytometry was used to highlight the strains' relation within the consortium.MethodsDNA patterns were used to provide strain‐specific information about population proliferation dynamics. Cells were grown anaerobically and fed with toluene under sulphate‐reducing conditions.ResultsOxidation of toluene occurred only in association with sulphate reduction and growth of D. toluolica. A characteristic chromosomal pattern, with at least six subpopulations of D. toluolica, appeared during the stationary phase, and asymmetric cell division was detected. The accompanying strain MV1 grew repeatedly to a high percentage of the culture only in certain growth phases of D. toluolica independently of the feeding substrate toluene.ConclusionsA commensalistic relation between the two strains is suggested. The repeated rapid and frequent changes of the quantities within the community subsets are indicative of very flexible adaptations to changing environmental conditions, reflecting the need for modulated cell states and the ability to use every available source of carbon and energy for survival. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abelson, enabled, and p120catenin exert distinct effects on dendritic morphogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Li Wenjun , Li Yan , Gao Fen‐Biao 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNeurons exhibit diverse dendritic branching patterns that are important for their function. However, the signaling pathways that control the formation of different dendritic structures remain largely unknown. To address this issue in vivo, we use the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of Drosophila as a model system. Through both loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function analyses in vivo, we show here that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Abelson (Abl), an important regulator of cytoskeleton dynamics, inhibits dendritic branching of dendritic arborization (DA) sensory neurons in Drosophila. Enabled (Ena), a substrate for Abl, promotes the formation of both dendritic branches and actin‐rich spine‐like protrusions of DA neurons, an effect opposite to that of Abl. In contrast, p120catenin (p120ctn) primarily enhances the development of spine‐like protrusions. These results suggest that Ena is a key regulator of dendritic branching and that different regulators of the actin cytoskeleton exert distinct effects on dendritic morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 234:512–522, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening for cervical cancer in India: How much will it cost? A trial based analysis of the cost per case detected
Authors: Legood Rosa , Gray Alastair M. , Mahé Cedric , Wolstenholme Jane , Jayant Kasturi , Nene Bhagwan M. , Shastri Surendra S. , Malvi Sylla G. , Muwonge Richard , Budukh Atul M. , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe cost and cost effectiveness of screening previously unscreened women by VIA, cytology or HPV testing was investigated within a large cluster randomised trial involving 131,178 women in rural India. All resources involved in implementation, training, management, recruitment, screening and diagnosis were identified and costed. We estimated the total costs and detection rates for each cluster and used these data to calculate an average cluster cost and detection rate for each screening approach. These estimates were combined to estimate a cost per case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or invasive cancer (CIN 2/3+) detected. The average total costs per 1,000 women eligible for screening were US$3,917, US$6,609 and US$11,779 with VIA, cytology and HPV respectively. The cost of detecting a case of CIN2/3+ using VIA was $522 (95% CI $429–$652). Our results suggest that more CIN2/3+ cases would be detected in the same population if cytology were used instead of VIA and each additional case would cost US$1065 (95% CI $713–$2175). Delivering cervical cancer screening is potentially expensive in a low‐income country although costs might be lower outside a trial setting. We found screening with VIA to be the least expensive option, but it also detected fewer cases of CIN2/3+ than other methods; its long‐term cost‐effectiveness will depend on the long‐term benefits of early detection. Cytology was more effective at detecting cases than VIA but was also more expensive. Our findings indicate that HPV may not be a cost effective screening strategy in India at current consumable prices. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression profiling in the mammary gland of rats treated with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Authors: Papaconstantinou Andriana D. , Shanmugam Ilanchezhian , Shan Liang , Schroeder Insa S. , Qiu Cunping , Yu Minshu , Snyderwine Elizabeth G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIdentification of molecular markers of early‐stage breast cancer development is important for the diagnosis and prevention of the disease. In the present study, we used microarray analysis to examine the differential expression of genes in the rat mammary gland soon after treatment with a known chemical carcinogen, 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), and prior to tumor development. Six weeks after DMBA, differential expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth, differentiation and microtubule dynamics were observed. Gene expression changes were further validated by a combination of techniques, including real‐time PCR, RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. An inhibition of differentiation in this early stage was suggested by the lower expression of β‐casein and transferrin and higher expression of hsp27 in glands from DMBA‐treated rats. Possible cell cycle deregulation was indicated by an increased expression of cyclin D1 and hsp86, a heat shock protein associated with cyclin D1. Prior to tumor development, DMBA increased cellular proliferation as detected by Ki‐67 and stathmin immunostaining in histologically normal mammary gland. Genes regulating microtubule function, including stathmin, Ran, α‐tubulin and hsp27, were all overexpressed in the mammary gland of DMBA‐treated rats, raising the possibility that disruption of microtubule dynamics and abnormal mitosis may be critical events preceding breast cancer development. Several of the altered proteins, including hsp27, hsp86 and stathmin, may ultimately serve as markers of early breast cancer development. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FXYD3 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and influences pancreatic cancer cell growth
Authors: Kayed Hany , Kleeff Jörg , Kolb Armin , Ketterer Knut , Keleg Shereen , Felix Klaus , Giese Thomas , Penzel Roland , Zentgraf Hanswalter , Büchler Markus W. , Korc Murray , Friess Helmut 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe expression and localization of FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3 (FXYD3), a transmembrane protein that acts as a chloride channel or chloride channel regulator, was analyzed in pancreatic tissues derived from donors and patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis (CP) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as in pancreatic cancer cells using QRT‐PCR, laser‐capture microdissection and microarray analysis, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. FXYD3 antisense expressing T3M4 pancreatic cancer cells were generated and compared to control cells using anchorage‐dependent and independent growth assays, and xenotransplantation into nude mice. FXYD3 mRNA levels were 3.4‐fold increased in PDAC tissues compared to donor specimens (p = 0.006), and 3.9‐fold increased in microdissected cancer cells compared to normal pancreatic ductal cells (p = 0.02). FXYD3 was localized in the tubular complexes and PanIN lesions of both CP and PDAC, as well as in pancreatic cancer cells. Downregulation of FXYD3 by stable antisense transfection increased significantly the doubling time of T3M4 pancreatic cancer cells from 44 ± 2 hr to 55 ± 12 hr (p = 0.02). Nude mice transplanted with antisense transfected cells displayed a significant increase in tumor doubling time from 3.3 days ± 1.0 to 4.3 days ± 0.43 (p = 0.058). Anchorage‐independent growth and sensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil, gemcitabine and cisplatin as well as to MgCl2 were not dependent on the level of FXYD3 expression. In conclusion, overexpression of FXYD3 in pancreatic cancer may contribute to the proliferative activity of this malignancy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transactivation of MCP‐1/CCL2 by β‐catenin/TCF‐4 in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Mestdagt Melanie , Polette Myriam , Buttice Giovanna , Noël Agnes , Ueda Atsuhisa , Foidart Jean‐Michel , Gilles Christine 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe loss of E‐cadherin expression and the translocation of β‐catenin to the nucleus are frequently associated with the metastatic conversion of epithelial cells. In the nucleus, β‐catenin binds to the TCF/LEF‐1 (T‐cell factor/ lymphoid enhancer factor) transcription factor family resulting in the activation of several genes, some of them having important implications in tumour progression. In our study, we investigated the potential regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) expression by the β‐catenin/TCF pathway. This CC‐chemokine has been implicated in tumour progression events such as angiogenesis or tumour associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration. We thus demonstrated that MCP‐1 expression correlates with the reorganization of the E‐cadherin/β‐catenin complexes. Indeed, MCP‐1 was expressed by invasive breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231, BT549 and Hs578T), which do not express E‐cadherin but was not produced by noninvasive breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D) expressing high level of E‐cadherin. In addition, the MCP‐1 promoter was activated in BT549 breast cancer cells transfected with β‐catenin and TCF‐4 cDNAs. The MCP‐1 mRNA level was similarly upregulated. Moreover, we showed that MCP‐1 mRNA was downregulated after transfection with a siRNA against β‐catenin in both BT549 and Hs578T cells. Our results therefore identify MCP‐1 as a target of the β‐catenin/TCF/LEF pathway in breast tumour cells, a regulation which could play a key role in breast tumour progression. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hedgehog signaling is activated in subsets of esophageal cancers
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Sheng Tao , Zhang Yuanxin , Zhang Xiaoli , He Jing , Huang Shuhong , Chen Kai , Sultz Josh , Adegboyega Patrick A. , Zhang Hongwei , Xie Jingwu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe hedgehog pathway plays a critical role in the development of the foregut. However, the role of the hedgehog pathway in primary esophageal cancers is not well studied. Here, we report that elevated expression of hedgehog target genes occurs in 14 of 22 primary esophageal cancers. The hedgehog signaling activation is not associated with tumor subtypes, stages, or differentiation. While the sonic hedgehog (Shh) transcript is localized to the tumor tissue, expression of Gli1 and PTCH1 is observed both in the tumor and in the stroma. We discovered that 4 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, which overexpress Shh, have genomic amplification of the Shh gene. Treatment of esophageal cancer cells with smoothened antagonist, KAAD‐cyclopamine, or the neutralizing antibodies of Shh reduces cell growth and induces apoptosis. Overexpression of Gli1 under the CMV promoter renders these cells resistant to the treatments. Thus, our results indicate that elevated expression of Shh and its target genes is quite common in esophageal cancers. Our data also indicate that downregulation of Gli1 expression may be an important mechanism by which KAAD‐cyclopamine inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells (supplementary material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020‐7136/suppmat/index.html). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encapsulation and Controlled Release of a Hydrophobic Drug Using a Novel Nanoparticle‐Forming Hyperbranched Polyester
Authors: Zou Jianhua , Shi Wenfang , Wang Jun , Bo Jun 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSummary: An amphiphilic, hyperbranched polymer suitable for use in controlled drug delivery is reported. This polymer was obtained by modification of the hyperbranched aliphatic polyester Boltorn™ H20 (H20) with succinic anhydride and then glycidyl methacrylate, and formed nanoparticles in aqueous solution. The critical association concentration was 7.4 × 10−3 g · L−1, as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy using pyrene as a molecular probe. A static/dynamic laser light scattering (LLS) study revealed that the average particle size was 39.4 nm with a low particle size distribution (PDI = 0.04), and that each particle was composed of about 350 amphiphilic molecules. Daidzein, a hydrophobic traditional Chinese medicine, was encapsulated during particle formation and the release properties were determined. The optimal feeding concentration of daidzein to hyperbranched polyester was 4.9 × 10−5 g · mL−1 to 5.0 × 10−3 g · mL−1 with a loading efficiency of 76.1%. In the presence of the enzyme Lipase PS, the drug loaded nanoparticles degraded in a random one‐by‐one manner and released the drug over a few days. This system is therefore a novel controlled drug release system based on nanoparticles formed of hyperbranched polyester.Encapsulation of daidzein by hyperbranched polyester particles.magnified imageEncapsulation of daidzein by hyperbranched polyester particles.
Ishikawa iterative process with errors for nonlinear equations of generalized monotone type in Banach spaces
Authors: Ćirić Ljubomir B. , Ume Jeong Sheok 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe concept of the operators of generalized monotone type is introduced and iterative approximation methods for a fixed point of such operators by the Ishikawa and Mann iteration schemes {xn} and {yn} with errors is studied. Let X be a real Banach space and T : D ⊂ X → 2D be a multi‐valued operator of generalized monotone type with fixed points. A new general lemma on the convergence of real sequences is proved and used to show that {xn} converges strongly to a unique fixed point of T in D. This result is applied to the iterative approximation method for solutions of nonlinear equations with generalized strongly accretive operators. Our results generalize many of know results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weighted inequalities for iterated maximal functions in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Kita Hiro‐o 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLet M be the classical Hardy‐Littlewood maximal operator. The object of our investigation in this paper is the iterated maximal function Mkf(x) = M(Mk−1f) (x) (k ≥ 2). Let Φ be a φ‐function which is not necessarily convex and Ψ be a Young function. Suppose that w is an A′∞ weight and that k is a positive integer. If there exist positive constants C1 and C2 such that

equation image
then there exist positive constants C3 and C4 such that

equation image
where the functions a(t) and b(t) are the right derivatives of Φ(t) and Ψ(t), respectively. Conversely, if w is an A1 weight, then (II) implies (I). Another necessary and sufficient condition will be given. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An extension of an inequality of I. Schur
Authors: Nikolov Geno 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDenote by πnthe set of all algebraic polynomials of degree at most n with complex coefficients. An inequality of I. Schur asserts that the first derivative of the transformed Tchebycheff polynomial$\overline {T}_n (x) = T_n (x \, \rm {cos} \, {{\pi} \over {2n}})$has the greatest uniform norm in [−1, 1] among allf∈ 𝒮n, whereequation imageHere we show that this extremal property of$\overline {T}_n$persists in the wider class of polynomialsf∈ πnwhich vanish at ±1, and for which there existn− 1 points$\{t_j\}^{n-1}_{j=1}$separating the zeros of$\overline {T}_n$and such that$|f(t_j)| \le |\overline {T}_n (t_j)|$forj= 1, …,n− 1. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Following Polymer Brush Growth Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technique
Authors: Moya Sergio E. , Brown Andrew A. , Azzaroni Omar , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSummary: The growth of surface‐initiated poly([2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) (pMETAC) brushes by ATRP was monitored by the quartz crystal microbalance technique with dissipation (QCM‐D). The change in mass of the quartz crystals starting from the adsorption of a thiol initiator monolayer through to the growth of the polymer brushes was determined. The use of QCM‐D allowed determination of the kinetics of polymerization from the surface. The technique can be applied to other polymers synthesised from surfaces and allows the study of varying conditions on the polymerization kinetics.Changes in frequency of a quartz crystal during polymerization.magnified imageChanges in frequency of a quartz crystal during polymerization.