bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor apparatus in human spermatozoa that lack central pair microtubules
Authors: Ishijima Sumio , Iwamoto Teruaki , Nozawa Shiari , Matsushita Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2002

AbstractElectron microscopic examination of the spermatozoa from a man suffering from asthenozoospermia (poor or low sperm motility) showed that ∼ 92% of the sperm flagella lacked central pair microtubules but possessed dynein arms and radial spokes while a small percentage of the spermatozoa had complete flagella. The characteristics of the motor apparatus of the spermatozoa and the effects of caffeine on the sperm motility were examined, as were the reactivation of demembranated spermatozoa and the sliding of doublet microtubules. Almost all spermatozoa were immotile in a Tyrode solution while only a small percentage of spermatozoa showed slow forward movement or feeble flagellar vibration, whereas addition of caffeine to the sperm suspension induced forward swimming of approximately half of the spermatozoa. The reactivation of demembranated spermatozoa with MgATP2− could not succeed because of disintegration of the demembranated flagella. However, when the demembranated spermatozoa were exposed to MgATP2− and then treated with elastase, the microtubular doublets of approximately half the number of the flagella slid from the end or middle of the flagella. These results suggest that the motor apparatus in the sperm flagella that lack the central pair microtubules is functionally assembled and intrinsically capable of undergoing flagellar movement but not strong enough to beat normally. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 459–463, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transgenic goats produced by DNA pronuclear microinjection of in vitro derived zygotes
Authors: Wang Bin , Baldassarre H. , Tao T. , Gauthier M. , Neveu N. , Zhou J.F. , Leduc M. , Duguay F. , Bilodeau A.S. , Lazaris A. , Keefer C. , Karatzas C.N. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate various factors affecting the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) of oocytes retrieved by laparoscopic ovum pick‐up (LOPU) technique from prepubertal and adult goats, as well as to evaluate the developmental competence of in vitro produced embryos. Oocyte–cumulus complexes recovered by LOPU from donors stimulated with gonadotrophins were matured in vitro. Fresh semen was used for IVF following various capacitation treatments. In vitro produced zygotes were either cultured to assess in vitro development or were transferred into recipients for full term development. The results indicated that successful IVF of the goat oocytes was affected by factors such as sperm capacitation treatment, oocyte quality, and abundance of cumulus cells on zona pellucida. Oocytes from both prepubertal and adult goats demonstrated similar full term developmental competence despite the fact that in vitro developmental rates were lower for prepubertal goats. The births of transgenic offspring demonstrated that the established LOPU–IVF technology combined with pronuclear microinjection can be successfully used to produce transgenic goats. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 437–443, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PLAC1, a trophoblast‐specific gene, is expressed throughout pregnancy in the human placenta and modulated by keratinocyte growth factor
Authors: Fant Michael , Weisoly David L. , Cocchia Massimo , Huber Reid , Khan Shaista , Lunt Tiffany , Schlessinger David 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPlac1, a placenta‐specific gene, is expressed exclusively by cells of trophoblastic lineage in the mouse, and maps to a region of the X chromosome known to be important in placental growth. These studies were undertaken to define the cellular location of the mRNA for the human orthologue, PLAC1, within the human placenta, and to examine its expression throughout gestation. By Northern analysis, PLAC1 mRNA was detected in term human placenta, migrating as a single 1.7 kb transcript, but in no other fetal or adult tissues tested. Expression was observed throughout gestation, whereas mouse Plac1 is significantly reduced after 12.5 dpc. Using an 35S‐labeled riboprobe, PLAC1 expression was trophoblast‐specific at all stages of gestation (8–41 weeks); no expression was seen in cells within the stromal compartment or decidua. Using BeWo choriocarcinoma cells as a trophoblast model, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) stimulated steady‐state PLAC1 mRNA expression approximately twofold by Northern analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR. Stimulation was observed only after 24 hr of exposure, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of KGF is secondary to the promotion of trophoblast growth or differentiation. No change in mRNA levels resulted from exposure to insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II). Trophoblast‐specific expression throughout gestation and responsiveness to KGF are consistent with a fundamental role for PLAC1 at the maternal‐fetal interface. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 430–436, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myosin heavy chain expression in cranial, pectoral fin, and tail muscle regions of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Peng Mou‐Yun , Wen Hui‐Ju , Shih Li‐Jane , Kuo Ching‐Ming , Hwang Sheng‐Ping L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTo investigate whether different myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms may constitute myofibrils in the trunk and tail musculature and if their respective expression may be regulated by spadetail (spt) and no tail (brachyury), we identified and characterized mRNA expression patterns of an embryonic‐ and tail muscle‐specific MHC gene (named myhz2) during zebrafish development in wild type, spt, and ntl mutant embryos. The identified myhz2 MHC gene encodes a polypeptide containing 1,935 amino acids. Deduced amino acid comparisons showed that myhz2 MHC shared 92.6% sequence identity with that of carp fast skeletal MHC. Temporal and spatial myhz2 MHC mRNA expression patterns were analyzed by quantitative RT‐PCR and whole‐mount in situ hybridization using primer pairs and probes designed from the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR). Temporally myhz2 MHC mRNA appears in pharyngula embryos and peaks in protruding‐mouth larvae. The expression level decreased in 7‐day‐old hatching larvae, and mRNA expression was not detectable in adult fish. Spatially in pharyngula embryos, mRNA was localized only in the tail somite region, while in long‐pec embryos, transcripts were also expressed in the two cranial muscle elements of the adductor mandibulae and medial rectus, as well as in pectoral fin muscles and the tail muscle region. Myhz2 MHC mRNA was expressed in most cranial muscle elements, pectoral fin muscles, and the tail muscle region of 3‐day‐old hatching larvae. In contrast, no expression of myhz2 MHC mRNA could be observed in spt prim‐15 mutant embryos. In spt long‐pec mutant embryos, transcripts were expressed in two cranial muscle elements and the tail muscle region, but not in pectoral fin muscles, while only trace amounts of myhz2 MHC mRNA were expressed in the remaining tail muscle region of 38 hpf and long‐pec ntl mutant embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 422–429, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting gene expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Siddall Laura S. , Barcroft Lisa C. , Watson Andrew J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMorpholino antisense oligonucleotides act by blocking translation of their target gene products and are effective tools for down‐regulating gene expression. The current study was conducted to define treatment conditions for the use of morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) in mammalian preimplantation embryos, and to employ MOs to target genes and study gene function in the early embryo. For the first time, ethoxylated polyethylenimine (EPEI), Lipofectin™ or Lysolecithin delivery agents were employed in combination with a fluorescent control MO and an α‐catenin specific MO, to down‐regulate gene expression during murine preimplantation development. Experiments applied to both two‐ and eight‐cell stage murine preimplantation embryos contrasted the efficacy of MO concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 µM and treatment delivery times of 3, 6, 24, and 48 hr. Continuous treatment of two‐cell embryos with Lipofectin and 20 µM α‐catenin MO for 48 hr resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in development to the blastocyst stage and was accompanied by a marked reduction in α‐catenin protein. These results indicate that morpholino antisense oligonucleotides are effective tools for down‐regulating gene expression during mammalian preimplantation development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 413–421, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytochalasin‐D retards sperm incorporation deep into the egg cytoplasm but not membrane fusion with the egg plasma membrane
Authors: Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Manuel , Contreras Rubén G. , Mújica Adela 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe fertilization process is impaired when spermatozoa are previously incubated with Cytochalasin‐D (Cyt‐D). Although this fact reveals the participation of polymerized actin in fertilization, the specific event obstructed by Cyt‐D treatment has not been determined. To identify this event, we capacitated guinea pig spermatozoa in minimal capacitating medium with pyruvate and lactate (MCM‐PL) with Cyt‐D, to inseminate hamster zona pellucida (ZP)‐free eggs. Cyt‐D (70 μM) decreased F‐actin relative concentration in capacitated spermatozoa to a larger extent than in spermatozoa incubated under control conditions. Cyt‐D also cancelled the F‐actin increase normally observed in acrosome‐reacted cells, and decreased the number of these cells with normal F‐actin localization at the equatorial zone. Insemination of eggs with Cyt‐D treated spermatozoa did not change early fertilization events such as the egg cortical reaction (CR), membranes fusion, and egg F‐actin new localization, but clearly retarded, by 16 hr, spermatozoa incorporation deep into the egg cytoplasm, and decondensation of egg metaphase II chromosomes. These results show that actin polymerization is necessary for spermatozoa incorporation deep into the egg cytoplasm, but not for plasma membrane fusion nor egg activation early steps. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 518–528, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple gradient echo sequence optimized for rapid, single‐scan mapping of R at high B0
Authors: Wild Jim M. , Martin W.R. Wayne , Allen Peter S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA multiple‐gradient‐echo sequence is proposed for accurately mapping R in the presence of in‐slice macroscopic susceptibility gradients. In‐slice signal loss caused by background macroscopic susceptibility gradients is mitigated by combining three successive gradient‐echo images whose slice refocus gradients are successively incremented. The optimum incrementation of slice‐refocusing gradients was determined by numerical simulation. By repeating further cycles of three images in the same sequence, artifact‐compensated data spanning a range of echo times (TEs) was acquired leading to single‐scan, R maps that are quantitatively reflective of microscopic field inhomogeneities. The performance of the sequence was demonstrated at 3.0T, first with a doped aqueous phantom, and then on the head of a normal volunteer. That performance is compared quantitatively with previously published work. Magn Reson Med 48:867–876, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Principles in quality assurance. Part 1. Sink or swim
Authors: Jones Anthony B. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe regulated pharmaceutical industry is an ocean of complexity and detail through which Quality Assurance (QA) professionals must steer the best course, playing a crucial role in the profitability of the industry and the well‐being of patients. How best to keep the 'good ship' QA stable and effective while being battered by the numerous changing priorities, last‐minute demands, or unforeseen events, is a challenge to us all, and the subject of this paper. The ideas presented here are simple, perhaps simplistic, and stem from the idea that, in order to be effective in this complex environment, we have to find some fundamental unifying concepts that can be applied consistently to our work. Semantics aside, we will consider these unifying concepts to be 'principles' and this paper will describe their definition and application within a bioanalytical Contract Research Organization (CRO). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of electronic signatures and records in a clinical CRO: A case study
Authors: Ogg Graham D. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractImplementation of electronic signatures and records incurs special problems in a specialist Phase I clinical unit where rapid communication, rapid reporting, compliance with applicable regulations and high quality are of paramount importance. Both the business needs and the regulatory compliance issues must be considered in any possible solutions and thus some form of authentication of records and communications is required. In our facility, the requirements of 21 CFR Part 11 did not go far enough regarding authentication and were difficult to implement by medical staff collecting data. Biometric authentication of data entry and encryption of communications appeared to be the best solutions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standard operating procedures for clinical research personnel ‐ Part 14
Authors: Bohaychuk Wendy , Ball Graham 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis is the 14th in a series of articles containing proposals for wording and content of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for clinical research activities conducted by sponsors and Contract Research Organisations (CROs). The procedures include those required by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many other guidelines and regulations and 'best practice' observed by the authors. The model forms require modification for actual use. In this article, SOPs are presented for monitoring activities: monitoring visits (SOP 401); and documentation of monitoring visits (SOP 402). (The full text of all 101 SOPs is available from the authors.) Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's New?
Authors: Bohaychuk Wendy 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe What's New? section in the Quality Assurance Journal aims to draw attention to items of importance to QA professionals. There is a 3‐month interval between final submission of manuscripts and distribution of the journal. For this issue, the entries arise from the period of 01 June 2002‐31 August 2002. If you feel that there is any other new information that should be brought to the attention of readers, please let us know by e‐mailing wbohaychuk@gcrpc.com Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curl equations as substratum for the derivation of the electronic nonadiabatic coupling terms
Authors: Baer Michael , Mebel Alexander M. , Billing Gert D. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe idea to derive the nonadiabatic coupling terms by solving the Curl equations (Avery, J.; Baer, M.; Billing, G. D. Mol Phys 2002, 100, 1011) is extended to a three‐state system where the first and second states form one conical intersection, i.e., τ12 and the second and the third states form another conical intersection, i.e., τ23. Whereas the two‐state Curl equations form a set of linear differential equations, the extension to a three‐state system not only increases the number of equations but also leads to nonlinear terms. In the present study, we developed a perturbative scheme, which guarantees convergence if the overlap between the two interacting conical intersections is not too strong. Among other things, we also revealed that the nonadiabatic coupling term between the first and third states, i.e., τ13 (such interactions do not originate from conical intersection) is formed due to the interaction between τ12 and τ23. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Bound particle with magnetic moment in a space with topological defect
Authors: Azevedo Sérgio 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe consider a bounded quantum mechanical particle with spin −1/2 and a gyromagnetic ratio g, which is placed in a uniform magnetic field, in a space with a linear topological defect. We obtain the exact expressions for eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, using the approach of the continuum theory of defects, and show the dependence on the topological parameters and potential harmonic. Besides, we study the limits case and obtained the results described in the literature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Some basic properties of the correlation matrices
Authors: Valdemoro C. , Tel L. M. , Alcoba D. R. , Pérez‐Romero E. , Casquero F. J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractOn the basis of the properties of correlation matrices, it is shown here that the set of all the first‐order transition reduced density matrices of a system provide complete information about that system. Also, the interrelation between the properties of the correlation matrix and the 2‐RDM N‐representability conditions is studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Grassmann coherent states representation of the path integral: Evaluation of the generating function for spin systems
Authors: Anicich Pablo G. O. , Grinberg Horacio 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAn interacting spin system is investigated within the scenario of the Feynman path integral representation of quantum mechanics. Short‐time propagator algorithms and a discrete time formalism are used in combination with a basis set involving Grassmann variables coherent states to get a many‐body analytic propagator. The generating function thus obtained leads, after an adequate tracing over Grassmann variables in the imaginary time domain, to the partition function. A spin 1/2 Hamiltonian involving the whole set of interactions is considered. Fermion operators satisfying the standard anticommutation relations are constructed from the raising and lowering spin operators via the Jordan–Wigner transformation. The partition function obtained is more general than the partition function of the traditional Ising model involving only first‐neighbor interactions. Computations were performed assuming that the coupling as a function of the distance can be reasonably well represented by an Airy function. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
High‐precision Hy–CI variational calculations for the ground state of neutral helium and helium‐like ions
Authors: Sims James S. , Hagstrom Stanley A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHylleraas–configuration interaction (Hy–CI) method variational calculations with up to 4648 expansion terms are reported for the ground 1S state of neutral helium. Convergence arguments are presented to obtain estimates for the exact nonrelativistic energy of this state. The nonrelativistic energy is calculated to be −2.9037 2437 7034 1195 9829 99 a.u. Comparisons with other calculations and an energy extrapolation give an estimated nonrelativistic energy of −2.9037 2437 7034 1195 9830(2) a.u., which agrees well with the best previous variational energy, −2.9037 2437 7034 1195 9829 55 a.u., of Korobov (Phys Rev A 2000, 61, 64503), obtained using the universal (exponential) variational expansion method with complex exponents (Frolov, A. M.; Smith, V. H. Jr. J Phys B Atom Mol Opt Phys 1995, 28, L449). In addition to He, results are also included for the ground 1S states of H−, Li+, Be++, and B+3. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Noncollinear magnetization density in VAu4
Authors: Lizárraga R. , Nordström L. , Sjöstedt E. , Eriksson O. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe spin and orbital magnetic moments of VAu4 have been calculated using a first principles method that allows for noncollinear magnetic ordering. The large spin–orbit coupling of the Au atom is argued to induce large noncollinear components of the magnetization density as well as a parallel coupling between spin and orbital moments of the V atom, in contrast to expectations from Hund's third rule. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Partitioning technique procedure revisited: Application to many‐electron systems using the Møller–Plesset Hamiltonian
Authors: Maniero A. M. , Rocha Neto J. F. , Malbouisson L. A. C. , Vianna J. D. M. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA method to solve the electronic Schrödinger equation based on the modified partitioning procedure (MPP) and here denominated extended MPP (EMPP) is presented. We apply this procedure to molecular systems using the Møller–Plesset Hamiltonian. As we will show, it is possible with our approach to develop an optimization procedure to the electronic energy of many‐electron systems. An advantage of the EMPP approach is that, in general, its results, with a minor number of configuration state functions, are better than various configuration interaction calculations with a larger number of configurations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric study of the aconitines in the roots of aconite
Authors: Wang Yong , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui , Liu Shuying 
Published: November 2002

AbstractFragmentation pathways of aconitine‐type alkaloids were investigated by electrospray ionization/ion trap multistage tandem mass spectrometry. Low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation of protonated aconitines follows a dominant first step, the elimination of the C8‐substituent as acetic acid or fatty acid in MS2 spectra. Successive losses of 1–4 CH3OH molecules, 1–3 H2O, CO, benzoic acid, and CH3 or C2H5 (N‐substituents) are all fragmentation pathways observed in MS3 and MS4 spectra. By applying knowledge of these fragmentation pathways to the aconitines in the ethanolic extract of aconite roots, all the known aconitines were detected and also 23 unknown aconitine‐type alkaloids, in which the lipo‐alkaloids containing residues of 15C, 17C and 19C saturated or unsaturated fatty acids were characterized. These odd‐carbon‐number fatty acid substituents have not been reported previously. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amino acid residue specific stable isotope labeling for quantitative proteomics
Authors: Zhu Haining , Pan Songqin , Gu Sheng , Bradbury E. Morton , Chen Xian 
Published: November 2002

AbstractVarious stable isotope labeling (SIL) techniques have recently emerged to improve the efficiency and accuracy of protein quantitation by mass spectrometry (MS). We have developed a mass‐tagging strategy to incorporate stable isotope tagged amino acids into cellular proteins in a residue‐specific manner during cell growth. In this study, we further extend this residue‐specific SIL approach to the accurate quantitation of protein abundances in different cell populations. For proteins whose expression levels are the same in cells grown in the normal and labeled media, the relative areas of the normal (light) and labeled (heavy) isotopic peaks are linearly correlated with the cells mixing ratios. This approach was first used to determine the effect of the zinc‐responsive transcription factor Zap1 on the yeast proteome. Ten protein spots from a PAGE gel were chosen randomly and their differential protein expression levels in wild‐type and zap1Δ cells were readily determined by the isotopic ratio. Methionine synthase (Met6) was identified to be up‐regulated more than four times in the zap1Δ mutant strain whereas the expression level of other nine proteins remained unchanged. Further, we applied this strategy to study the cellular response to radiation in human skin fibroblast cells. Analyzing one protein band randomly selected from SDS‐PAGE, the expression level of a novel protein was found to increase two‐fold in response to radiation whereas the expression level of a control protein remained unchanged. This strategy is generally applicable using any particular type of amino acid as the labeling precursors for accurate quantitation of protein relative abundances. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.