bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLASMA NORADRENALINE IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND IN HYPERTENSION OF LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Tunbridge R. D. G. , Donnai P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma noradrenaline was measured by radioenzymatic assay on 90 occasions in 72 women throughout normal pregnancy. Plasma noradrenaline levels declined as pregnancy advanced. A total of 21 patients who developed hypertension in late pregnancy were found to have plasma noradrenaline levels significantly lower than controls at the same stage of pregnancy. It is concluded that plasma noradrenaline is reduced in hypertension of late pregnancy. This indicates a compensatory reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity.
RACIAL VARIATIONS IN TESTS OF FETOPLACENTAL FUNCTION
Authors: Bissenden J. G. , Scott P. H. , Hallum Jean , Mansfield H. N. , Scott P. , Wharton B. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFetoplacental function tests discriminated well between poorly grown and well grown fetuses in European mothers. In contrast, apart from human placental lactogen, the individual values of poorly grown Asian fetuses fell within the well grown range. Haemoglobin values rose in the second trimester in European pregnancies associated with poor growth, whereas the values fell in the Asian pregnancies both with well grown and poorly grown fetuses. These observations imply fundamental differences in the aetiology of intrauterine growth retardation in the two races.
DIAGNOSIS OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS BY ESTIMATION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
Authors: Dale G. , Archibald Angela , Bonham J. R. , Lowdon P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in amniotic fluid was assayed directly by a reaction rate method at 30°C using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate and ethopropazine as a safe ‘pseudo’ cholinesterase inhibitor. Fresh samples from 101 normal pregnancies of 14–24 weeks gestation had a mean AChE activity of 2.56 u/1 (SD 1.10). Elevated levels of AChE were found in association with open spina bifida (5.5–20.4 u/1), anencephaly (10‐2‐19‐5 u/1), exomphalos (2.7–15.6 u/1), intrauterine death (30.2–59.3 u/1) and Turner's syndrome (36.4 u/1) but not with closed spina bifida or rhesus isoimmunisation. When AChE activity was expressed as a percentage of the total cholinesterase activity (‘percentage AChE’), there was a good correlation between AChE activity and‘percentage AChE’in normal pregnancies and the values associated with the 37 pregnancies affected by open neural tube defects (NTD) fell outside the 99.9 per cent confidence limits of the normal group. Qualitative differences in cholinesterase activity could be demonstrated between the groups with exomphalos and open NTD. It is suggested that the assay might be used satisfactorily to demonstrate the presence of open NTD in affected pregnancies.
A STUDY OF THE PROCOAGULANT PROPERTIES OF AMNIOTIC FLUID AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH THE LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO
Authors: English Christine J. , Poller L. , Burslem R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe procoagulant properties of amniotic fluid have been studied in samples taken throughout pregnancy and the results correlated with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio: acceleration effects on the prothrombin time, Russell's viper venom test, activated partial thromboplastin time and specific factor VII and X assays and contact acceleration. Although amniotic fluid is shown to function as a complete thromboplastin and to activate factor X directly, none of these tests of procoagulant activity of amniotic fluid is a reliable index of fetal lung maturity.
IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY‐RELATED GYNAECOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES BY RAPID HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN BETA‐SUBUNIT ASSAY
Authors: Seppälä M. , Ranta T. , Rutanen E.‐M. , Stenman U.‐H. , Tontti K. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA pregnancy‐related disorder was identified by a rapid radioimmunoassay of serum chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG‐RIA) in 122 out of 470 women (26 per cent) with lower abdominal pain or bleeding, while a routine pregnancy test in urine was positive in only 7 per cent of these cases. In 49 patients with ectopic pregnancy the rapid hCG‐RIA was positive in 90 per cent as compared with 13 per cent for the routine pregnancy test. In patients with evidence of intrauterine pregnancy (66 cases) the rapid hCG‐RIA was positive in 98 per cent and the routine pregnancy test in 38 per cent. The clinical sensitivity of the hCG‐RIA was 95 per cent, specificity 96 per cent and predictive value 89 per cent. The test can improve the efficiency of the routine diagnosis of early intra‐ and extrauterine pregnancy‐related disorders.
PZ‐PEPTIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE PREGNANT AND NON‐PREGNANT HUMAN CERVIX
Authors: Hutchins C. J. , Parkin E. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPZ‐peptidase activity was determined in homogenates of cervical tissue from non‐pregnant women, women in late pregnancy and women immediately after delivery. There was a significant increase in activity in late pregnancy and a further increase in post‐delivery specimens when compared with non‐pregnant tissue. A possible link between rising prostaglandin levels and cervical softening is suggested.
THE OBSTETRIC AND GYNAECOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF BLADDER EXSTROPHY AND EPISPADIAS
Authors: Blakeley C. R. , Mills W. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study has been made of 16 girls (14 with bladder exstrophy and 2 with epispadias) treated in the United Birmingham Hospitals since 1946 and surviving to puberty. Eight of these are married, of whom 5 have been delivered of 8 children. Ten have required some form of gynaecological surgery, with uterine prolapse as the most troublesome lesion.
FOLLICULAR CERVICITIS—COLPOSCOPIC APPEARANCES AND ASSOCIATION WITH CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
Authors: Hare M. J. , Toone Elaine , Taylor‐Robinson D. , Evans R. T. , Furr P. M. , Cooper Pauline , Oates J. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFollicular cervicitis was recognised in 15 (44 per cent) of 34 women who were examined colposcopically and who were sexual partners of men with non‐gonococcal urethritis. Valid results of culture for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained in 26 cases: the organism was isolated from the cervix of five of 11 women in whom follicular cervicitis had been diagnosed, but from only one of 15 whose cervices did not have this change. A similar correlation was not found for infection with Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum.
EFFECT OF ETHYL ALCOHOL ON MATERNAL AND FETAL ACID‐BASE BALANCE AND CARDIOVASCULAR STATUS IN CHRONIC SHEEP PREPARATIONS
Authors: Cook P. S. , Abrams R. M. , Notelovitz M. , Frisinger J. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirteen chronically catheterized pregnant sheep were given intravenous infusions of 10 per cent ethyl alcohol in 5 per cent dextrose solution (15 ml/kg over two hours). Samples of blood from maternal femoral artery, uterine vein, and fetal brachiocephalic artery were drawn at hourly intervals before, during and after the infusions. Plasma was analyzed for alcohol concentration, protein concentration, haematocrit, PCO2 and pH. Maternal and fetal arterial blood pressures were monitored continuously. There were no significant differences between maternal and fetal arterial blood alcohol levels at any sampling interval nor was there any difference in elimination constants. Alcohol infusion did not produce any significant change in plasma protein concentration, haematocrit, PCO2 and pH, and mean arterial blood pressure in either mother or fetus. However, both maternal and fetal heart rate increased significantly following alcohol infusion.
PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM AND OVARIAN ACTIVITY EVIDENCE FOR AN OVERLAP IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PITUITARY GLYCOPROTEINS
Authors: Evers J. L. H. , Rolland R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 14‐year‐old girl presented with precocious sexual development, galactorrhoea and symptoms and signs suggestive of hypothyroidism. On physical examination a tumour was found in the lower abdomen. Serum gonadotrophins, especially luteinizing hormone, serum thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin were elevated. Measurement of thyroid hormones and additional thyroid function tests confirmed the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. Ultrasound investigation revealed the mass in the lower abdomen to be of a cystic nature and to originate from the right ovary. Following the institution of thyroid substitution therapy, all symptoms disappeared, biochemical and hormonal abnormalities returned to normal and the ovarian size decreased to normal. A hypothesis is presented for non‐specific pituitary glycoprotein hormone synthesis secondary to the hypothyroidism, as the cause of the syndrome.
DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS OF THE VULVA
Authors: Soltan M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA woman aged 83 had a vulval swelling measuring 8 cm × 3.5 cm excised. Histologi‐cal examination showed the features of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. This tumour, which is usually only locally invasive, has not previously been described in the vulva.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR TWO COMPONENTS OF CERVICAL CANCER
Authors: Hakama M. , Penttinen J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIncidence rates for cervical cancer were analyzed for Finland in 1953 to 1974. The age‐specific incidence rates fit an age‐incidence curve based on the assumption of two epidemiological components. The time trends give support to the hypothesis that one of the components occurs at a lower age and is preceded by a carcinoma in situ stage. The risk of cervical cancer originating from the component occurring in younger women showed a decreasing trend which correlated with the organized mass screening programme. The other component occurred later in life and was not influenced by the screening programme. It was estimated that the proportion of the cases in the earlier category decreased from 53 per cent in the 1950s to 17 per cent in 1973 to 1974 of all cases of cervical cancer diagnosed in the Finnish population.
THE MERITS OF SPECIAL ANTENATAL CARE FOR TWIN PREGNANCIES
Authors: O'Connor M. C. , Arias E. , Royston J. P. , Dalrymple I. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA combined series of 101 twin pregnancies for whom routine hospital rest during the last trimester was replaced by intensified antenatal care in a special twins clinic was studied. Perinatal mortality and morbidity was similar to that found in a comparison group of 137 twin pregnancies under the care of consultants and not referred to the twins clinic. Routine cervical assessments and uterine activity measurements were unhelpful in predicting premature delivery. Urinary oestrogens and ultrasonic measurements of fetal biparietal diameter were of little or no value in predicting weight for gestational age but the ultrasonic measurement of abdominal circumference provided limited information on fetal growth. The contribution of a placebo effect to the results of patients receiving more personalised care cannot be discounted.
A COMPARISON OF OESTRADIOL AND PROSTAGLANDIN E2 FOR RIPENING THE CERVIX
Authors: Stewart P. , Kennedy J. H. , Barlow D. H. , Calder A. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study was conducted to compare the cervical ripening effect of extra‐amniotic prostaglandin E2 with that of extra‐amniotic oestradiol valerate in preparation for induction of labour. Sixty primigravidae with an unripe cervix received one or other agent suspended in a viscous gel. The degree of cervical ripening was similar in both groups but more patients treated with prostaglandins became established in labour before planned amniotomy, and poor progress in labour was less common in this group.
ASSESSMENT OF GESTATION BY ULTRASOUND IN VARIOUS STAGES OF PREGNANCY IN INFANTS DIFFERING IN SIZE AND ETHNIC ORIGIN
Authors: Dubowitz Lilly M. S. , Goldberg Cissie 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA clinical assessment of gestational age after birth has been compared with the ultrasound measurement in utero at various stages of pregnancy in a population of mixed socio‐economic status and racial origin. In infants who were small‐for‐dates or large‐for‐dates at birth, accurate prediction from ultrasound measurement could only be achieved if the crown rump length or the biparietal diameter was measured before 20 weeks gestation. At this time, the infants destined to be small‐for‐dates or large‐for‐dates at birth show no growth retardation or acceleration. There is also no influence of racial origin on the measurements.
MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORMAL TERM HUMAN TROPHOBLAST MAINTAINED IN PROLONGED IN VITRO CULTURES
Authors: Aladjem S. , Lueck Judith 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe development of a new technique for prolonged in vitro culture of normal human term trophoblast without stromal growth has facilitated the study of the morphologic characteristics of trophoblast in culture. Cytotrophoblast (epithelioid) cells were observed along with subsequent formation of syncytiotrophoblast in vitro. Hormonal assessment of hPL production has confirmed the viability and biologic specificity of the tissue. The morphologic characteristics of normal human term trophoblast maintained in vitro include projections, circular growths and syncytial sprouts. Growth patterns of trophoblast in vitro were similar to those described in vivo.
THE MAINTENANCE OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANES IN CULTURE
Authors: Burgos H. , Faulk W. Page 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA culture system is described for the long‐term maintenance of human amnion in vitro. This has been developed because of the need for an amnion organ culture to study immunological aspects of this extra‐embryonic membrane as well as the increasing surgical use of amnion in wound healing. The intact amnion can be maintained for 2–3 weeks with 50–90 per cent viability as determined by morphological and trypan‐blue extraction techniques. This puts forward the feasability of developing an amnion bank for clinical investigations of wound healing as well as the possibility of in vitro studies of this membrane in the materno‐fetal relationship in human pregnancy.
PREGNANCY IN WOMEN AFTER REPAIR OF BLADDER EXSTROPHY
Authors: Ikeme A. C. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryImproved techniques in urinary diversion operations have enabled a large number of patients with bladder exstrophy to achieve urinary control. They can live fairly normal lives and some have achieved pregnancy. Case reports of such exist in the literature. Two more cases are reported in this paper, the pregnancies and their outcome are discussed.
ANTENATAL SCREENING FOR DIABETES MELUTUS BY RANDOM BLOOD GLUCOSE SAMPLING
Authors: Lind T. , McDougall A. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA system is described for screening an antenatal population for diabetes mellitus based upon random blood glucose sampling. Samples obtained from 186 healthy pregnant women at 28 weeks gestation provided a range of blood glucose concentrations after normal meals from which it was possible to derive two glucose values to define an upper limit of normality. The first, 6‐4 mmol/1 if within two hours of eating and the second, 5.8 mmol/1 when taken more than two hours postprandial were prospectively applied to the screening of 763 consecutive antenatal patients. Ten women exceeding these limits were referred for an oral glucose tolerance test and three were found to have a diabetic response, an incidence of about four undiagnosed diabetic women per 1000 antenatal population.
A COMPARISON OF PLASMA PROSTAGLANDIN LEVELS IN TERM AND PRETERM LABOUR
Authors: Sellers Susan M. , Mitchell M. D. , Bibby J. G. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPeripheral plasma levels of 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F (PGFM) were determined in women during pregnancy and in term and preterm labour. The PGFM concentrations at term were not significantly different from the levels between 26 and 34 weeks gestation. In both term and preterm labour there was a rise in PGFM levels with increasing cervical dilatation although the mean values tended to be lower during preterm labour. These findings may provide an explanation for the effectiveness of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in suppressing myometrial activity in preterm labour.
MEASUREMENT OF PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5, PLACENTAL LACTOGEN AND PREGNANCY‐SPECIFIC β1 GLYCOPROTEIN IN MID‐TRIMESTER AS A PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Salem H. T. , Lee J. N. , Seppälä M. , Vaara L. , Aula P. , Al‐Ani A. T. M. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe circulating levels of placental protein 5 (PP5), placental lactogen (hPL) and pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (SP1 were measured in 254 women at the 16th week of pregnancy and the levels were correlated to fetal outcome in late pregnancy. A significant association was shown between high PP5 levels and premature delivery, and low SP1 levels and intrauterine growth retardation. Measurement of placental proteins in the first half of pregnancy may be a valuable clinical index of fetal outcome in late pregnancy.
THE MEASUREMENT OF HYPOXANTHINE, XANTHINE, INOSINE AND URIDINE IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD AND FETAL SCALP BLOOD SAMPLES AS A MEASURE OF FETAL HYPOXIA
Authors: O'Connor M. C. , Harkness R. A. , Simmonds R. J. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHypoxanthine, xanthine, inosine, urate and uridine, were measured in 149 samples of umbilical cord plasma using high pressure liquid chromatography. In spite of a good correlation with the simpler oxygen consumption method for measuring hypoxanthine, there was no clear discrimination between hypoxic and well oxygenated infants, although mean concentrations were higher in infants with well defined criteria of intrapartum hypoxia or birth asphyxia, there was overlap with the normal range. Fetal scalp blood samples were also found to be clinically unhelpful in the diagnosis of intrapartum hypoxia, at least in part due to variable degrees of haemolysis in the specimens. There were poor correlations between hypoxanthine concentrations and those of hydrogen ion, base deficit and lactate. Uridine concentrations were significantly higher in arterial cord blood than in venous cord blood but hypoxanthine or xanthine concentrations did not show this difference.
ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY VERSUS HISTOLOGY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ENDOMETRIUM OF WOMEN ATTENDING A MENOPAUSE CLINIC
Authors: Ellice R. M. , Morse Anne R. , Anderson M. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe endometrium of 100 women attending a menopause clinic was assessed cytologically, using the Isaacs cell sampler, and then histologically, using the Vabra suction curette. Satisfactory specimens for diagnosis were obtained in 96 per cent of cases with the Isaacs cell sampler and in 62 per cent of cases with the Vabra suction curette. There were eight discrepancies between the diagnoses obtained by the cytological and histological methods and these are analysed. Thirty patients were asked to grade the discomfort experienced during the procedures, and of these 26 found the Vabra method more painful than the Isaacs method.
PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS IN THE ENDOMETRIUM OF WOMEN WITH OVULAR DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Smith S. K. , Abel M. H. , Kelly R. W. , Baird D. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe endogenous concentrations of prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) and E (PGE) were measured during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in the endometrium from 14 women with unexplained menorrhagia (measured menstrual blood loss in excess of 50 ml) and 15 women with normal menses (blood loss 50 ml or less). Although there was no significant difference in the PGF 2α/PGE ratio between the two groups, this ratio was significantly lower in the endometrium from eight of the women whose blood loss exceeded 90 ml (p <0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between the PGF2α/PGE ratio and blood loss (r = 0.36, p <0.025). The synthetic capacity of the endometrium was assessed by incubation of the tissue with 14C arachidonic acid. Endometria from nine women with unexplained menorrhagia synthesized more PGE2 than PGF2α, whereas the converse was true with 11 control endometria. Consequently the PGF2α/PGE2 ratio was significantly reduced in the former group (p <0.025). Oestradiol‐17β (200 μM) and to a greater extent 2 hydroxy oestradiol (200 μM) increased the total prostaglandin synthesis by the endometria, but did not significantly alter the PGF2α/PGE2 ratio. These results suggest that excessive blood loss may be associated with a shift in the endometrial conversion of prostaglandin endoperoxide from PGF2α to PGE2.
COMBINED SYNCHRONOUS ABDOMINO‐VAGINAL OPERATION IN MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE
Authors: Swingler G. R. , Smith P. J. B. , Pollard W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA synchronous combined abdpmino‐vaginal repair Operation is described which enables adequate mobilisation and subsequent fixation of the urethro‐vesical junction with accurate insertion of supporting stitches. This procedure is of great value in the management of patients with previous failed anterior colporrhaphy for stress incontinence.
A STUDY OF GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN A WOMAN WITH HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM AND ANOSMIA
Authors: Glass M. R. , Martin R. H. , Hancock K. W. , Scott J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with anosmia is presented. The patient's response to repeated gonadotrophin releasing hormone administration indicated a significant priming effect of such therapy on the anterior pituitary.
PERFORATION OF THE APPENDIX DURING PREGNANCY; A RARE COMPLICATION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Gini P. C. , Chukudebelu W. O. , Onuigbo W. I. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPerforation of the appendix in a 23‐year‐old Nigerian Igbo woman during the 35th week of pregnancy is reported. In the perforated area, the wall of the appendix was replaced largely by decidualized endometriotic tissue.
PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5 (PP5): DEVELOPMENT OF A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AND MEASUREMENT OF CIRCULATING LEVELS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Nisbet A. D. , Bremner R. D. , Herriot R. , Jandial V. , Horne C. H. W. , Bohn H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA specific and sensitive, double antibody, solid phase radioimmunoassay was developed for measurement of placental protein 5 (PP5) in serum. A sensitivity limit of 0.8 μg/1 was achieved by pre‐incubation with antiserum and use of a small assay volume. Single serum samples from 244 retrospectively proven normal pregnancies were used to construct a normal range of PP5 concentrations. PP5 was detectable at week 7 and rose to reach a maximum mean value of 54 μg/1 at weeks 36–37. Diurnal variation of PP5 concentration was similar to that encountered from day to day, and slightly greater than variation due to the radioimmunoassay. The decline of serum PP5 concentration post partum was initially rapid (half‐life 5–14 minutes), but slowed after 0.5–1 hours; immunoreactive PP5 was still detectable seven days after delivery.
PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5 (PP5) IN COMPLICATED PREGNANCIES
Authors: Nisbet A. D. , Bremner R. D. , Jandial V. , Sutherland H. W. , Horne C. H. W. , Bohn H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal serum PP5 concentrations were assayed in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation, pre‐eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, placental abruption and twins. Elevated PP5 levels were noted in twin pregnancies and to a lesser extent in diabetes and pre‐eclampsia. Measurement of PP5 was of no value in the detection of fetal growth retardation. The great majority of PP5 levels above the normal range were associated with a placental abnormality.