bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steroide und Sexualhormone Die Partialsynthese von 3β‐Methoxy‐3α, 9α‐oxido‐7α‐hydroxy‐11α‐acetoxy‐5β‐steroiden
Authors: Imhof R. , Gössinger Frl. E. , Graf W. , Schnüriger W. , Wehrli H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe preparation of the title compounds 11, 37, and 39 is described. 37 will serve as starting material for a partial synthesis of the steroidal alkaloid batrachotoxinin A (1).
Steroide und Sexualhormone 242. Mitteilung [1] herstellung von 14β‐hydroxy‐20‐keto‐δ16‐steroiden: Ein neuer ergiebiger zugang zu 3‐O‐methyl‐17α, 20ξ‐tetrahydrobatrachotoxinin A
Authors: Gössinger Frl. E. , Graf W. , Imhof R. , Wehrli H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA novel method for the reductive epoxide opening in a 14β, 15β‐epoxy‐20‐oxo‐Δ16‐pregnene 4 affords an almost quantitative yield of the 14β‐hydroxy‐20‐oxo‐Δ16‐pregnene 5. This leads to a considerable improvement of the formerly published synthesis of 3‐O‐methyl 17 α, 20ξ‐tetrahydrobatrachotoxinin A (2) [3].
Nucleophile Substitution von Methyltosylat in dipolar aprotischen Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Müller Paul , Siegfried Bernard 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe rate of the reaction between methyl tosylate and lithium bromide has been measured in various aprotic solvents. There is no simple correlation between rate and dielectric constant in aprotic solvents with low dielectric constant. In propylene carbonate the reaction is much slower than would be predicted on the basis of solvent activity coefficients. Solvation of substrate and transition state to play a role in determining the reaction rate in this solvent.
Die Phlorglucide von Dryopteris viliarii (Bell.) Woynar und anderer Farne der Gattung Dryopteris sowie die mögliche Abstammung von D. filix‐mas (L.) Schott
Authors: Widén C. J. , Vida G. , Von Euw J. , Reichstein T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe phloroglucides of the ferns of the Dryopteris filix‐mas complex; i.e. D. abbreviata, D. filix‐mas s. str. and D. borreri (diploid and triploid) as well as those of D. villarii, subspvillarii and subsp. pallida were reinvestigated with improved semiquantitative analytical methods. The phloroglucides of D. aitoniana and D. athamantica were examined for the first time.The results (table 1) are compatible with the hypothesis, without proving it, that the allotetraploid species D. filix‐mas s. str. originated from a hybrid of D. abbreviata with D. villard (with subsequent doubling of its chromosomes) and the apogamous triploid D. remota from D. assimils with diploid D. borreri, and the equally apogamous triploid D. borreri from a hybrid of D. abbreviata (or a related diploid sexual taxon) with diploid D. borreri.D. aitoniana contains a large amount of trisflavaspidic acid but no filixic acid and differs in this respect from the three representatives of the D. filix‐mas complex.
Die Massenspektren von dreikernigen pflanzlichen Phlorogluciden
Authors: Lounasmaa M. , Widén C.‐J. , Reichstein T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe mass spectra of four naturally occurring tricyclic phloroglucinol derivatives are presented. Molecular ion peaks are visible in all cases and most of the fragments can be understood by assuming that a cleavage of a methylene bridge occurs with the transfer of a hydrogen atom from a hydroxyl group, located ortho to the bridge, to the adjacent ring. This fragmentation pattern is analogous to that found earlier in bicyclic phloroglucinol derivatives [2]. Some other important peaks can only be rationalized by assuming that two types of thermal rottlerone rearrangements [3]‐[5] are occurring simultaneously: 1. Disproportionation of terminal intermolecular exchange; 2. Elimination of the middle ring, thus forming a bicyclic compound from two terminal rings.
Stereochemie der Ringöffnung der σ‐Komplexe von 2‐Naphtol‐1‐sulfonsäure mit Diazoniumsalzen und der anschliessenden Phtalazinbildung: Eine fragmentierung als konkurrenzreaktion der abspaltung der abgangsgruppe bei der elektrophilen substitution 25. Mitteilung zur Kenntnis der Azokupplung
Authors: Jaecklin A. P. , Skrabal P. , Zollinger H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐naphthol‐1‐sulfonic acid with diazonium salts was investigated in the pH range 10 to 15. The structures postulated for the reaction products by Rowe et al. [3] and by Koller [4] were proved by instrumental analysis. In alkaline solutions, instead of the usual diazodesulfonation reaction, addition of an hydroxyl ion to the σ‐complex formed from 2‐naphthol‐l‐ sulfonic acid and substituted diazonium salts takes place. The resulting intermediates undergo heterolytic fragmentation leading to substituted o‐(phenylhydrazono‐sulfo‐methy1)‐cinnamicacids 7. The kinetic measurements prove that one equivalent of water is added during this fragmentation. 7 is produced by a conrotatory ringopening of the σ‐complex. An intramolecular ring closure in the formation of 8 from 7, results from studies of NMR. spectra, and molecular models show that both exocyclic double bonds in 7 have cis‐configuration. Kinetic measurements demonstrate that it is the anion 11 which enters the ring closure reaction: After intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the anionic nitrogen upon the double bond of the cinnamic group, a proton is added stereospecifically. The fragmentation of the σ‐complex is a competitive reaction to the release of the elctrofngal leaving group in electrophilic aromatic substitution. The fragmentation is dominant in this case because the electrofugal leaving group is not a proton but a SO, molecule. The conditions (constitution of reagents, catalysts, etc.) which influence the ratio of the two competitive reactions of cyclohexadienone‐type σ‐complexes are discussed.
10(5→4)‐abeo‐Corticosteroide. Über Steroide, 224. Mitteilung
Authors: Meystre Ch. , Schmidlin J. , Ueberwasser H. , Kaufmann H. , Anner G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of a new class of corticosteroids with rings A and B rearranged to a 10 (5→4)‐abeo system is reported. New methods are presented for the preparation and hydrolysis of corticosteroid derivatives, side‐chain‐protected by bis‐methylenedioxy groups, used as intermediates in some of the examples given.
Voacanǵa‐Alkaloide VII. Desoxovobasin
Authors: Jaeggi K. A. , Renner U. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAcidic cleavage of vacamine under reductive conditions yields desoxovobasine which was correlated with a product obtained by C(3)‐N fission of macusine B. Desoxovobasine can be transformed into indoline derivatives of a novel polycyclic system which has not yet been found among the naturally occurring indole alkaloids.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 103. Mitteilung [1]. Zur Stereochemie des Lankamycins
Authors: Muntwyler R. , Keller‐Schierlein W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe stereochemical structure of the macrolide antibiotic lankamycin could be completed by an extended NMR.‐analysis of the degradation products III, IV, VI and VIII.
Strukturaufklärung organischer Verbindungen durch computerunterstützten Vergleich spektraler Daten
Authors: Erni F. , Clerc J. T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA system for computer‐aided identification of organic compounds by means of spectroscopic data is described. The binary coded spectral data of the unknown compounds are compared with a reference file containing NMR., IR. and Mass Spectra. A highly flexible software automatically selects the appropriate search strategy and directs the updating of the collection, thereby ensuring continuous adaption to varying needs.
Der zweistufige Carbanion‐Mechanismus der Fragmentierung von 3‐Aminopropylbenzoaten. Fragmentierungs‐Reaktionen. 25. Mitteilung
Authors: Grob C. A. , Unger F. M. , Weiler E. D. , Weiss A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe unsubstituted and p‐substituted benzoates 2b–2e of 3‐dimethylamino‐2,2bis(p‐nitrophenyl)‐propanol (2a) undergo quantitative fragmentation in 80% ethanol yielding 1,1‐bis(p‐nitrophenyl)‐ethylene (5) besides formaldehyde and dimethylamine, the hydrolysis products of the imonium ion 3. The corresponding alcohol 2a, however, yields 2,2‐bis(p‐nitrophenyl)‐ethanol (9) in addition to fragmentation products. Conversely, no fragmentation is observed with the benzoates 6b–6e of 3‐dimethylamino‐2,2‐diphenylpropanol (6a) which lack electronwithdrawing substituents in the β‐phenyl groups.These results are in agreement with a two‐step carbanion mechanism (Scheme 2) involving the ionization of the aminoalkohol 2a and its esters 2b–2e to the imonium ion 3 and the carbanions 4a–4e. The latter undergo competitive cleavage, recombination and protonation to 5, 2 and 9, respectively, depending on the nucleofugal activity of –X.These conclusions are supported by the first‐order rate constants for the benzoates 2b–2e which differ merely by a factor of three. Since the p‐substituents in the benzoate groups have only a minor effect on the reaction rate the bonds to the nucleofugal groups are not appreciably broken in the rate determining step.
Untersuchungen über Enzymaktivitäten der Leberzelle bei Vitamin‐E‐Mangel
Authors: Bernhard Karl , Markstein Rudolf 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe enzymatic elongation of acyl‐CoA esters by malonyl‐CoA, respectively de novo synthesis of fatty acids from malonyl‐CoA by liver microsomes and non particulate fraction of α‐tocopherol deficient rats is diminished versus controls. However, liver microsomes of vitamin E deficient rats synthesize more eicosatetraenic acid from γ‐linolenic acid and more γ‐linolenic acid from linolic acid than do those of tocopherol supplemented animals. It has often been shown that the liver phosphatides of tocopherol deficient rats contain more arachidonic acid than those of controls, a fact which can be explained now by increased activity of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid. Certain polyenic fatty acids are more rapidly synthesized in the absence of naturally occuring antioxidants.Some enzymes of the respiratory chain have also been examined. No vitamin E deficiency effect has been found on enzymes such as gluconate‐6‐P‐dehydrogenase, isocitrate‐dehydrogenase, malate‐dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase contained in the non particulate fraction. Sonicated mitochondria of tocopherol deficient rats show a greater activity towards cytochrome, oxydase and β‐hydroxy‐acetyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase than controls, possibly due to ultrastractural alteration of this particle.
Intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Additionen in 6‐Methyl‐6‐(penta‐2,4‐dienyl)‐cyclohexa‐2,4‐dien‐1‐on‐Systemen. Vorläufige Mitteilung
Authors: Greuter H. , Fráter Gy. , Schmid H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThermal rearrangement of trans‐penta‐2,4‐dienyl mesityl ether (trans‐1) gave, besides trans, cis‐2 and trans, trans‐2, the homotwistanone derivative 1,3,10‐trimethyl‐tricyclo[5.4.0.03,9]undeca‐5,10‐dien‐2‐one (3) as well as its isomer 1,3,9‐trimethyl‐tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undeca‐5, 9‐dien‐2‐one (4). The tricyclic ketones 3 und 4 were shown to be products of intramolecular Diels‐Alder addition in the intermediate 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐6‐(penta‐2,4‐dienyl)cyclohexa‐2,4‐dien‐1‐one (5). Preparation of 2,6‐methyl‐6‐(3‐methyl‐penta‐2,4‐dienyl)‐cyclohexa2,4‐dien‐1‐one (6) and subsequent heating of 6 in benzene gave the homotwistanone derivative 1,3‐6‐trimethyl‐tricyclo5.4.0.03,9]undeca‐5,10‐dien‐2‐one (7) together with its isomer 1,3,6‐trimethyl‐tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undeca‐5,9‐dien‐2‐one (8) in good yield.
Notiz über die Massenspektren cyclischer Ketale
Authors: Böhm R. , Bild N. , Hesse M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe mass spectral behavior of substituted 2‐phenyl‐1, 3‐dioxolanes has been studied. In the spectra of this group of compounds the most important peak is m/e 105 for which benzoylonium structure b is proposed. Another interestingion in the mass spectra of these compounds is c. This ion is protonated benzoic acid.
The Conformation and Chirality of α‐Diketones
Authors: Hug W. , Wagnière G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOur deductions of the chirality of α‐diketones from the skewed glyoxal model [2] have recently been questioned [1]. In particular it has been suggested [1] that the longest‐wave‐length Cotton effect is not determined by the chirality of the chromophore, but rather by contributions from substituents. Arguments against this view are given here and it is concluded that the skewed glyoxal model is still the best starting point for discussion of the optical activity of α‐diketones. To settle the question unambiguously, further spectroscopic data are necessary, however.
The Gas‐Phase Thermal Decomposition of 5‐Ethyl‐1‐pyrroline
Authors: Cocks Alan T. , Egger Kurt W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe gas‐phase thermal decomposition of 5‐ethyl‐1‐pyrroline has been studied in the temperature range 721–786 K. The decomposition appears to proceed by two pathways, one a radical route yielding pyrrole, ethylene and ethane as major products, and the other a molecular hydrogen elimination to form initially 2‐ethyl‐3H‐pyrrole which rapidly rearranges to other ethylpyrroles via a series of 1,5‐hydrogen shifts. Approximate rate constants for the unimolecular hydrogen elimination have been calculated and fit the Arrhenius relationship:

Approximate calculations based on the radical pathway yield a value of ∼14 kcal mol−1 for the stabilization energy in the 1‐pyrrolin‐5‐yl radical, in good agreement with that reported earlier for the substituted 2‐aza‐allyl radical.
Hydroxyalkylierung von Bishydantoinen und Bisdihydrouracilen mittels Epoxiden
Authors: Habermeier J. , Porret D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAus 1,1′‐Methylen‐bis‐(hydantoinen), 1,1′‐Methylen‐bis‐(dihydrouracilen) und Bis‐(hydantoinyl‐3)‐alkanen erhält man durch Additionsreaktionen mit Oxiranen des Typs Äthenoxid folgende Dialkohole: 1,1′‐Methylen‐bis‐[3‐(2′‐hydroxyalkyl)‐hydantoine], 1,1′‐Methylen‐bis‐[3‐(2′‐hydroxyalkyl)‐5,6‐dihydrouracile] und α,ω‐Bis‐[1‐(2′‐hydroxyalkyl)‐hydantoinyl‐3]alkane. Einige ihrer Eigenschaften und ihre weitere Reaktion mit Oxiranen werden beschrieben.
Zur Reaktionsweise von Enaminen mit Cyclopropenonen I. Einsatz von Cyclododecanon‐Enamin
Authors: Steinfels M. A. , Dreiding A. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMonomethyl‐, dimethyl‐, di‐n‐propyl‐ and diphenyl‐cyclopropenone (6 to 9) have been reacted with 1‐(N‐pyrrolidino)‐cyclododecene (5) and three types of products isolated.The major products (40–7% yield) were shown to have the 3‐(cyclododec‐1′‐E‐enyl)Z‐/or E‐acryl‐pyrrolidide structure (12, 13/14, 15/16, 17) by their spectral properties and lithium aluminium hydride reductions as well as, in one case (13), by an alternative synthesis of a stereomer (34) via 1‐(cyclododec‐E‐ene)‐carboxaldehyde (29) and a Wittig reaction. These ‘amides’ are the result of a novel reaction, called ‘C, N‐insertion’.In the reactions of the symmetrical cyclopropenes 7 to 9 with 5, the minor products (6–10%) proved to have the 2,4‐disubstituted cyclopentadeca‐4‐E‐en‐1,3‐dione structures 38 to 40. These ‘β‐diketones’ are considered to be the hydrolysed forms of the intermediate 1‐(N‐pyrrolidino)‐cyclopentadeca‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones (45).They are formed by reactions (called ‘C,C‐insertions’), which represent the first cases of direct ring expansions by three carbon atoms.Such ‘C,C‐insertions’ have been postulated previously by other authors. However, their products do not behave like precursors of our ‘β‐diketones’ but rather like our ‘amides’. It is proposed therefore, that a reinterpretation of these reactions in the literature must be considered in the light of our ‘C, N‐insertion’.In one reaction (8 + 5) a bicyclo[10. 3. 0]pentadeca‐12‐en‐14‐one dericative 42 was found in 10% yield. This type of product and reaction (called ‘condensation’) has been reported previously.A suggestion is made for a systematic representation of the several types of reactions, which cyclopropenones can undergo with enamines. – Mixing 9 + 5 in the cold produced an intermediate, which insomerised on heating to the ‘amide’ 17. Its properties are compared with those of recently described similar ‘primary adducts’ and the latter are reexamined in the light of the new product interpretations reported in this paper. A novel structure is considered for this intermediate, that a of cycle ‘ammonium acylid’ 51. An attempt is made at the formulation of other possible intermediates.
Equilibres conformationnels de glucides au niveau de liaisons σ sp2sp3 CC. IV. Furannoses hybridés sp2 en C(3)
Authors: Tronchet J. M. J. , Barbalat‐Rey Mme F. , Bourgeois J. M. , Graf R. , Tronchet Mme J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe conformation of 34 branched‐chain unsaturated sugars, prepared by reacting different Wittig reagents with a series of 1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐furannosul‐3‐oses, has been studied by PMR spectroscopy. The position of each compound in the flexible conformational cycle has been established by using the known stereo‐dependence of the allylic coupling constants and checked with the other parameters of the spectra. An ‘isopropylidenic’ 4J2,4 coupling constant, present in all compounds whose H—C(4) is endo and absent in their C(4)‐epimers has proved useful for configurational assignment at C(4).
Chemische Verschiebungen bei 17O‐NMR. und Hydratations geschwindigkeiten von cyclischen Ketonen mit transannularer Wechselwirkung
Authors: Dahn H. , Schlunke H.‐P. , Temler J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn 8‐ and 9‐membered cyclic ketones, transannular interactions of an EtN group or an O atom shift considerably the 17O signal of the carbonyl group to higher fields; S appears to have no such effect. The same ketones show markedly diminished speeds of water addition, compared to simple ketones; this reaction was followed by measuring the rate of oxygen exchange between 17O‐labelled ketones and (unenriched) water. Transannular interaction inhibits completely in N‐ethyl‐azacyclodecane‐6‐one the exchange reaction, including labelling attemps.
Effect of an External Electric Field on the Decay Constant of 99Tcm in Halogen Complexes
Authors: Leuenberger H. , Huber P. , Nyikos P. , Kobel H. R. , Seiler H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA positive change Δλ/λ of the decay constant of 99Tcm has been observed on the application of an external electric field in K2TcX6 (X = F, Cl, Br, I). For its investigation the Tc‐complexes were embedded as small conglomerates or more or less as isolated single molecules in a powder of high dielectric constant, which was then compressed into a thin layer of about 0.2 mm and inserted between two capacitor plates. The change Δλ/λ depends on the strength of the chemical bond of 99Tcm. As a first approximation Δλ/λ was assumed to be linearly dependent upon the electric field. The experimental results with an external field of 104 V/cm are:
magnified imageA relationship between Δλ/λ and the electro‐negativities of the ligand atoms could be established. Difficulties encountered in the theoretical calculation of Δλ/λ are discussed.
Eine neue Synthese von methoxylierten meso‐Benzanthronen; Abbau zu 5,8‐Dihydroxy‐anthrachinon‐1‐carbonsäure und 5,7,8‐Trihydroxy‐anthrachinon‐1‐carbonsäure
Authors: Bräm A. , Eugster C. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMethyl benzoquinone carboxylate and its 5‐methoxy‐ and 6‐methoxy‐derivatives condense smoothly with β‐methoxynaphthalene in an acid catalysed reaction to give α‐arylsubstituted naphthalenes 7, which, after reduction, methylation and intramolecular acylation yield tri‐and tetramethoxylated 7 H‐Benz[d, e]anthracene‐7‐ones 9. Partial degradation by means of chromic acid or permanganate leads to a regiospecific synthesis of a substituted phenalenone (10) and/or methoxy‐anthraquinone‐1‐carboxylic acids. Phthalid anion has been added on to methyl methoxy benzoquinone carboxylate to yield the adducts 4.
Eine einfache Synthese chiraler Arylbenzochinone und Arylbenzohydrochinone; Versucheines NMR.‐Nachweises von Chiralität in isopropylsubstituierten Benzalanilinen
Authors: Schleusener E. , Eugster C. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAtropisomeric diphenyls (V and VI) are easily prepared by the acid catalysed condensation of 2‐methoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone and 2‐acetyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone and trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone respectively with 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylanisole and 2‐isopropyl‐3,5dimethylanisole. The reaction is not affected by steric hindrance; the more highly substituted phenols gave better yields. One of the diphenylderivatives has been resolved with help of dehydroabietylamine. Thermodynamic data for the racemisation process have been determined by classical polarimetric techniques (Table 4). The chirality of most of the compounds prepared is easily detected by considering the signals of the diastereotopic isopropyl group in the NMR.‐spectrum. Probably because of solvent interaction NMR. kinetics have failed to give information about the racemisation process.Isopropyl‐substituted benzal‐anilines have been prepared. They did not show any ‘splitting’ of the isopropyl‐groups in the NMR.
Bishomochinon
Authors: Heller J. , Yogev A. , Dreiding A. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwo isomeric 2,4,6,8‐tetrabromo‐cyclooctane‐1,5‐diones (8a and 8b) are formed in the tetrabromination of cyclooctane‐1,5‐dione (7). Treatment of a mixture of 8a and 8b with triethylamine gives rise to anti‐ 1,3‐dibromo‐bishomoquinone (9), which is reduced with zinc to anti‐bishomoquinone (4) in a 65% overall yield. Either 8a or 8b, when heated with copper powder in a high vacuum, affords 1‐bromo(11) and 1,3‐dibromo‐anti‐bishomoquinone (9), anti‐bishomoquinone (4) itself as well as its sys‐isomer (5). The anti‐configuration was assigned to 4 on the basis of its reduction to two diols, one of which showed NMR. coupling of its two isochronic carbinol protons with one cis‐vicinal proton and one trans‐vicinal proton. Spectral data of the compounds are discussed. Of particular interest is the inversion of the chemical shifts of exo‐ and endo‐methylene protons when comparing the NMR.‐spectra of anti‐ and syn‐bishomoquinone.
Zur Stereochemie der Epoxycardanolide (Isogenine)
Authors: Krasso A. F. , Binder M. , Tamm Ch. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe stereochemistry of the epoxycardanolides 8, 21, 24 and 33, derived from digitoxigenin (1), digoxigenin (15), 3β, 14, 15β‐trihydroxy‐5β, 14β‐card‐20(22)‐enolide (23) and gitoxigenin (27) respectively, is discussed on the basis of NMR. data. In the case of 1 and 15 the absolute configuration of the chiral centres C(20) and C(21) is assigned. Treatment of the cardenolides with KOH in methanol gave on dilution with methanol and subsequent acidification a number of acetal derivatives, the properties of which are described.
Dihydro‐ und Tetrahydroderivate des 3,6‐Dimethyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazins
Authors: Skorianetz W. , Kováts E. sz. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe scheme 1 shows those tetrahydro‐ and dihydroderivatives of the 3,6‐dimethyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (or s‐tetrazine), 8, which are theoretically possible without considering cis‐trans isomerism, together with the reaction pathways. We did not succeed in synthetizing the 3,6‐dihydroderivative, 7, and could not isolate the 1,2‐dihydrocompound, 4, the latter being probably easily convertible to the thermodynamically more stable 1,4‐dihydro‐s‐tetrazine, 5, via their common conjugate base 4,5B. The 1,4‐dihydro‐s‐tetrazine, 5, gives with 3,6‐dimethyl‐s‐tetrazine 8, a charge transfer complex, 15. The same compounds form in acidic or basic aquious solution stable radicals, 16B and 16S. The mode of formation of these radicals and the subsequent reactions are depicted in scheme 2.
Les thio‐complexes du thallium en solution aqueuse
Authors: Gübeli A. O. , Retel J.‐P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe solubility of thallium sulfide in 1M NaClO4 at 25° ranges between 105M as a function of pH and total sulfide concentration.Soluble thallium was analysed by anodic stripping using the hanging mercury drop electrode.The following complexes have been identified and their stability constants calculated: Tl2(HS)+, Tl(HS), Tl2(OH) (HS) and Tl2(OH)2(HS).