bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet A exposure alters adhesive properties of mouse melanoma cells
Authors: Pastila Riikka , Leszczynski Dariusz 
Published: September 2005

Background: We have examined whether ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation could alter adhesive properties of melanoma cells. As an experimental in vitro model, we have used C57BL/6 mouse‐derived B16‐ F1 and B16‐F10 melanoma cell lines and the syngeneic MS‐1 endothelial cell line.Method/Result: The melanoma cells were exposed to different doses of UVA irradiation. We have determined that a single dose of UVA at 8 and 12 J/cm2 causes an 88% (P<0.001) and a 32% (P<0.05) increase in B16‐F1 melanoma cell adhesiveness to the non‐irradiated endothelial monolayer, respectively. The peak of the response was 24 h after the irradiation. The UVA dose of 8 J/cm2 delivered in four doses separated by 1 h intervals (4 × 2 J/cm2) had led to a caused 149% (P<0.001) increase of B16‐F1 melanoma adhesiveness already at 1 h after the last dose of UVA. Besides the induction of increase in the melanoma–endothelial cell adhesion, UVA exposure has induced a rapid decline (1 h after exposure) in homotypic melanoma–melanoma cell adhesion (clustering). The clustering decline of B16‐F1 cells with a single dose of UVA at 8 J/cm2 was by 61% (P<0.05) and by 35% (P<0.05) with 4 × 2 J/cm2. Pilot experiments have shown that the changes of the adhesive properties of melanoma cells were accompanied by an increase in N‐cadherin expression and a decline in E‐cadherin expression. Such a change in cadherin expression profile has been shown to be an indicator of the increased metastatic potential.Conclusion: Our results suggest that UVA radiation appears to alter the adhesive properties of melanoma cells in vitro, by diminishing the melanoma–melanoma adhesion and by increasing melanoma adhesion to the endothelium. This suggests that UVA exposure might increase the metastatic capability of the melanoma cells.
Determination of the minimal phototoxic dose and colorimetry in psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation therapy
Authors: Kraemer Cristine Kloeckner , Menegon Dóris Baratz , Cestari Tania Ferreira 
Published: September 2005

Background: The use of an adequate initial dose of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation for photochemotherapy is important to prevent burns secondary to overdosage, meanwhile avoiding a reduced clinical improvement and long‐term risks secondary to underdosage. The ideal initial dose of UVA can be achieved based on the phototype and the minimal phototoxic dose (MPD). The objective measurement of constitutive skin color (colorimetry) is another method commonly used to quantify the erythematous skin reaction to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to determine variations in MPD and constitutional skin color (coordinate L*) within different phototypes in order to establish the best initial dose of UVA radiation for photochemotherapy patients.Methods: Thirty‐six patients with dermatological conditions and 13 healthy volunteers were divided into five groups according to phototype. Constitutional skin color of the infra‐axillary area was assessed by colorimetry. The infra‐axillary area was subsequently divided into twelve 1.5 cm2 regions to determine the MPD; readings were performed 72 h after oral administration of 8‐methoxypsoralen (MOP) followed by exposure of the demarcated regions to increasing doses of UVA.Results: The majority of the participants were women (73.5%) and their mean age was 38.8 years. The MPD ranged from 4 to 12 J/cm2 in phototypes II and III; from 10 to 18 J/cm2 in type IV; from 12 to 24 J/cm2 in type V and from 18 to 32 J/cm2 in type VI. The analysis of colorimetric values (L* coordinate) and MPD values allowed the definition of three distinctive groups of individuals composed by phototypes II and III (group 1), types IV and V (group 2), and phototype VI (group 3).Conclusions: MPD and L* coordinate showed variation within the same phototype and superposition between adjacent phototypes. The values of the L* coordinate and the MPD lead to the definition of three distinct sensitivity groups: phototypes II and III, IV and V and type VI. Also, the MPD values bear a strong correlation to coordinate L* values. Mean MPD values described for each of the three major sensitivity groups were higher than the values commonly used in clinical settings for the different phototypes. Therefore, phototype alone is not a good parameter to define the initial UVA dose. MPD and colorimetry could be used in pre‐treatment evaluation of patients who are to be submitted to photochemotherapy, in a non‐invasive and more accurate way when compared with the classical phenotype clinical criteria.
Lack of effect of repeated suberythemal ultraviolet‐B exposures on human blood dendritic subtypes
Authors: Narbutt Joanna , Lesiak Aleksandra , Skibinska Malgorzta , Wozniacka Anna , Sysa‐Jedrzejowska Anna , Zalewska Anna , Robak Tadeusz , Norval Mary , Smolewski Piotr 
Published: September 2005

Background/purpose: Dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in the afferent immune response. They are found as a minor cell population in the blood as three main subtypes that can be distinguished phenotypically: plasmacytoid DC (PDC), and myeloid DC1 and 2 (MDC1 and 2). The aim of the study was to examine the effect of repeated whole‐body suberythemal ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation on the percentages of DC subsets in the blood and skin, and to test for photoadaptation by the subsequent administration of a local erythemal UV dose.Methods: Thirty subjects in each group were irradiated with either 0.7 personal minimal erythema dose (MED) UVB daily for 10 days (whole body), or for the 10 days followed by a single three MED UVB exposure of a local body site, or with the single three MED UVB exposure of a local body site only. Blood was collected before and after the exposures and the percentage of DC and DC subtypes assessed by flow cytometry. Skin biopsies were collected at the same times, and the number and position of the DC subsets examined by immunofluorescent microscopy.Results: The whole‐body repeated UVB irradiations did not result in a change in the blood DC (BDC) or the subsets percentages in the blood, except that there was a small but significant rise in the percentage of the MDC2 subset. No alteration occurred following the local erythemal UVB exposure. The total number of BDC in the skin was small, with the PDC being located mainly in the dermis and the myeloid subtypes mainly in the epidermis. No change in cutaneous numbers or distribution was revealed following the irradiation protocols.Conclusions: Repeated whole‐body suberythemal UVB irradiation does not cause a change in BDC or BDC subsets in the blood or skin, except for a small increase in the percentage of MDC2 in the blood. Local erythemal UVB irradiation does not alter the BDC subsets in blood or skin.
Ultraviolet tanning equipment: six questions
Authors: Van Der Leun Jan C. , Forbes Paul Donald 
Published: September 2005

Recreational tanning, particularly as promoted by commercial salons with ‘sunbeds’ or booths, has generated increasing attention from the regulatory and the biomedical communities. Several agencies have weighed in with opinions on recommended modifications in guidelines, training procedures, regulatory controls, and consumer awareness. Currently there is little uniformity in the guidance provided by trade groups, in recommendations supplied by health agencies and medical associations, or in regulatory approaches taken or proposed by the many countries involved.In an effort to provide a clearer focus for its concerns in this area, the EU Directorate General Health and Consumer Affairs formulated six questions on ultraviolet (UV) tanning, all of a technical or biomedical nature. The questions were stimulated in part by the fact that the European Commission no longer regards the European standard EN 60335‐2‐27:1997 (‘Particular requirements for appliances for skin exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation’) as giving presumption of conformity to the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC. (The latter Directive governs marketing of electrical devices in EC countries.) Initially, the questions were posed to an EU Scientific Committee. Subsequently, industry representatives and the European Commission jointly requested that the scientific community provide answers to the questions.We received the questions with a request for our technical responses and opinions. Our response was in the form of the following essay, submitted earlier this year to the European Commission. We offer it here in the hope of stimulating constructive discussion and comment.
Physical activity, body composition and physical self‐esteem: a 3‐year follow‐up study among adolescents in Sweden
Authors: Raustorp A. , Mattsson E. , Svensson K. , Ståhle A. 
Published: September 2005

Aims: To measure physical activity by means of daily pedometer steps, body composition, expressed as body mass index (BMI) and bioelectrical impedance as percent body fat, and perceived physical self‐esteem and additionally, to evaluate eventual predictors for a healthy lifestyle i.e., highly physically active, normal weighted and a high physical self‐esteem in a follow‐up group.Methods: During autumn 2000 physical activity level was assessed and BMI was calculated in 871 children aged 7–14 in south eastern Sweden and in 501 of these, physical self‐esteem were also assessed. During autumn 2003 a total of 375 adolescents aged 15–18 were assessed using the same methodology and additionally percent body fat was measured. Ninety‐three of these adolescents (46 girls), were also measured in 2000 and they formed the follow‐up group.Results: In the follow‐up group a significant increase in BMI and stability in physical self‐esteem in boys and girls, and in boys a significant decrease in daily steps was found 3 years later. Strongest predictor to be highly physically active, maintain normal BMI and high self‐esteem 3 years later, i.e., to have a healthy lifestyle, was for girls increased self‐esteem and for boys a decreased BMI.Conclusion: Consequently, for a healthy lifestyle, promoting physical self‐esteem in girls and weight control in boys is of great importance in early adolescence.
Views of breastfeeding difficulties among drop‐in‐clinic attendees
Authors: Berridge Kirstin , McFadden K. , Abayomi J. , Topping J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBreast‐milk is the optimum form of nutrition for the first 6 months of life. However, breastfeeding rates in the UK are low and static compared to other European countries and those in the North‐west of England in the UK are even lower. Of the women who initiate breastfeeding, many cease in the first month following the birth for reasons that might be avoided. To try and prevent this, UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) ‘Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’ state that maternity facilities should foster the development of support groups for breastfeeding women. The aim of the present study was to describe breastfeeding difficulties reported by women who attended the infant feeding clinic at a Women's Hospital in the North‐west of England. During the study period, the clinic was attended mainly by primiparous mothers who were educated beyond 18 years of age and of higher socio‐economic status. They presented with a variety of problems including baby not latching on, concerns about baby's weight gain/loss, sore nipples and advice about expressing milk in preparation for return to work. The women highlighted the importance of meeting other mothers and having someone to talk to who understood what they were going through. Inconsistent information/lack of detailed knowledge from health professionals was cited as contributing to breastfeeding difficulties. A number of women reported that expert hands‐on, one‐to‐one support, was invaluable and many felt they were able to continue breastfeeding but without the support, they may have given up.
Biology and functional morphology of a new species of endolithic Bryopa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagelloidea) from Japan and a comparison with fossil species of Stirpulina and other Clavagellidae
Authors: Morton Brian 
Published: September 2005

Abstract. A new species of Clavagellidae, Bryopa aligamenta, from Okinawa, Japan, is described. The species is endolithic in living corals, with the left valve cemented to the crypt wall, as in all clavagellids. The free right valve exhibits an unusual growth pattern, with commarginal lines seemingly arising from the posterior valve margin and extending towards the anterior. This results from: (i) progressive anterior erosion of the umbones, probably as a consequence of the boring process; (ii) the apparent migration posteriorly, as the umbones are eroded, of the dorso‐ventral growth axis of the shell; and (iii) enhanced posterior inter‐commarginal growth. Unlike other clavagellid genera and species, however, there is no discernible primary ligament, at least in the adult. It is possible, however, that if a juvenile ligament were present (as in B. lata), it too would be lost as a consequence of antero‐dorsal erosion during boring. To retain valve alignment in the absence of a primary ligament, and possibly upon reaching an adult size, the mantle lays down alternating layers of calcium carbonate and proteinaceous periostracum onto the interior surface of the shell to thicken it, most noticeably marginally and, especially, posteriorly. The two valves are united dorsally, therefore, by thin layers of periostracum that probably exert a minimal opening force. B. aligamenta is, however, further characterised by large adductor, pallial, and siphonal retractor muscles so that the entire animal is encased tightly within an internally strengthened shell within a crypt. Movement must be minimal, blood being pumped into pallial haemocoels to push open the valves and extend the siphons. Despite a suggestion to the contrary, Bryopa is retained in the Clavagellidae, its unusual growth processes resulting from an endolithic life style within living corals.The fossil clavagellid Stirpulina bacillus, from the Pliocene/Pleistocene of Palermo, Sicily, Italy, was, unlike Bryopa aligamenta and other clavagellids, endobenthic, with a long adventitious tube and anterior watering pot superficially similar to species of Penicillidae, another family of the Clavagelloidea. Furthermore, as in all clavagellids only the left valve is fused into the fabric of the tube, the right being free within it. In all penicillids, both valves are fused into the fabric of their tubes. The watering pots of the fossil S. coronata, S. vicentina, and S. bacillus, moreover, are formed in a different manner to that of penicillids, by progressive encasement of the right valve inside the tube. In penicillids, the tube is secreted in a single event from the general mantle surface and the incorporation of both valves into its fabric. The constituent genera of the Clavagellidae thus constitute an example of parallel evolution with members of the Penicillidae.
ANALYSIS OF BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE (BHA) IN RBD PALM OIL AND RBD PALM OLEIN USING PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES BASED ON FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: AMMAWATH W. , CHE MAN Y.B. , BAHARIN B.S. , ABDUL RAHMAN R.B. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT A rapid method to determine butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in refined bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil and RBD palm olein was developed. The two sets of 50 stripped oils of RBD palm olein and RBD palm oil were spiked with known amounts of BHA concentrations up to 300 mg/kg (ppm) for calibration samples. The “leave‐one‐out” cross‐validation procedure was used to verify the calibration model. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models for predicting BHA were developed by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectral regions from 3486 to 3140 cm

−1

and 1140 to 898 cm

−1

. The accuracy of the method was comparable to that of the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9939 from calibration samples of RBD palm olein and an R2of 0.9884 for RBD palm oil samples. The results indicate that FTIR in conjunction with PLS is a useful analytical tool for simple and rapid quantitation of BHA in RBD palm oil and RBD palm olein for routine analysis.
QUANTIFICATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS AND FLAVOR CHARACTERISTICS OF KASAR CHEESES
Authors: GÜLER ZEHRA 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT Thirty commercial Kasar cheeses were analyzed for their free fatty acids (FFAs) and gross composition as well as flavor profiles. The flavor notes and chemical parameters were grouped by factor analyses and correlated. The predominant free fatty acids in Kasar cheeses were palmitic (C

16:0

) , oleic (C18:1 ), myristic (C14:0 ) and stearic (C18:0 ) acids. Factor analysis showed that the last group of FFA consisted of butyric, caprylic, capric and palmitic acids. The Kasar cheeses were mainly described by panelists as pungent, sour and rancid as well as having an animal‐like flavor. Butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric and lauric acids exhibited these flavors notes and were also statistically correlated with flavor (taste‐odor) (P < 0.05). The desirable‐flavored Kasar cheeses had intermediate concentrations (mg/kg cheese) of individual FFA: 665 for butyric acid, 398 for caproic acid, 254 for caprylic acid, 476 for capric acid, 688 for lauric acid, 2153 for myristic acid, 5559 for palmitic acid, 1703 for stearic acid, 3701 for oleic acid and 15,597 for total FFA.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY MIXTURES OF HYDROGENATED PALM KERNEL OIL AND GOAT MILK FAT
Authors: RAMLI NAZARUDDIN , SAID MAMOT , LOON NEOH TZE 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT The changes in physicochemical characteristics of fat blends containing hydrogenated palm kernel oil (HPKO) and goat milk fat (GMF), before and after chemical interesterification using sodium methoxide as catalyst, was evaluated. HPKO : GMF blends were prepared in six ratios: 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100 (w/w). Melting characteristics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Peak melting temperatures (Tp) of noninteresterified blends decreased as the percentage of GMF increased. Generally, the interesterified blends showed lower Tpvalues compared to the noninteresterified blends at their respective blending ratios. Decrease in melting enthalpy (Ep) occurred with the increase in percentage GMF in the blends for both the noninteresterified and interesterified blends. Interesterified blends had greater Epvalues than those of the noninteresterified blends at respective ratios. Results from X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that all blends possessed a β′ polymorph. HPKO : GMF (0:100) was the only blend in which the presence of both β′ and β polymorphs was detected. Chemical interesterification had no effect on polymorphic crystal behavior. Based on solid fat content (SFC) results, eutectic effect did not occur in all HPKO : GMF blends studied. It was shown that the percentage of SFC decreased as percentage of GMF increased. Decrease in percentage SFC of blends was brought about by interesterification. The HPKO : GMF (100:0) blend had the highest percentage of free fatty acid followed by HPKO : GMF (0:100). Interesterification caused a 2‐ to 3‐fold increase in the percentage of free fatty acids compared to noninteresterified blends. Iodine values of the blends increased with an increase in GMF proportion. A rapid increase in iodine was observed in blends containing 0–20% GMF. Interesterification did not have any effect on the iodine value of fat blends.
THE EFFECT OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF APPLE JUICE
Authors: BIEDRZYCKA E. , BIELECKA M. , AMAROWICZ R. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT The influence of intestinal microflora on the antioxidant activity of apple juice was assessed using the scavenging of DPPH radical. The culture medium contained 20% of laboratory‐made apple juice of Idaret cultivar and 0.2% of sodium citrate neutralizing solution. Thirty‐hour anaerobic cultures were characterized by comparable acidity and bacterial profiles of the genera determined, regardless of pure strain coculture or fresh fecal inoculum used. Apple juice showed the highest DPPH scavenging capacity of 59.9%, which was significantly reduced upon fermentation of fecal bacteria to 37.4%, or pure strain coculture to 33.4%. In the 24‐h anaerobic monocultures, the degree of DPPH scavenging was differentiated: Lactobacillus 21.4–30.2%, Bifidobacterium 28.4–51.4%, Escherichia 50.9% and Enterococcus 35.9–37.9%. The degree of DPPH scavenging was highly positively correlated (0.824) with pH, and highly/moderately negatively correlated (−0.660) with bacterial count. The results indicate reduction of antioxidant activity of apple juice as influenced by intensive bacterial growth, irrespective of species or strain used.
Mode of Action of the
Bordetella
BvgA Protein: Transcriptional Activation and Repression of the
Bordetella bronchiseptica bipA
Promoter
Authors: Mishra Meenu , Deora Rajendar 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

The
Bordetella
BvgAS signal transduction system controls the transition among at least three known phenotypic phases (Bvg
+
, Bvg
i
, and Bvg
−
) and the expression of a number of genes which have distinct phase-specific expression profiles. This complex regulation of gene expression along the Bvg signaling continuum is best exemplified by the gene
bipA
, which is expressed at a low level in the Bvg
+
phase, at a maximal level in the Bvg
i
phase, and at undetectable levels in the Bvg
−
phase. The
bipA
promoter has multiple BvgA binding sites which play distinct regulatory roles. We had previously speculated that the expression profile of
bipA
is a consequence of the differential occupancy of the various BvgA binding sites as a result of variation in the levels of phosphorylated BvgA (BvgA-P) inside the cell. In this report, we provide in vitro evidence for this model and show that
bipA
expression is activated at low concentrations of BvgA-P and is repressed at high concentrations. By using independent DNA binding assays, we demonstrate that under activating conditions there is a synergistic effect on the binding of BvgA and RNA polymerase (RNAP), leading to the formation of open complexes at the promoter. We further show that, under in vitro conditions, when
bipA
transcription is minimal, there is competition between the binding of RNAP and BvgA-P to the
bipA
promoter. Our results show that the BvgA binding site IR2 plays a central role in mediating this repression.
Adenylate Cyclase Mutations Rescue the
degP
Temperature-Sensitive Phenotype and Induce the Sigma E and Cpx Extracytoplasmic Stress Regulons in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Strozen Timothy G. , Langen Geoffrey R. , Howard S. Peter 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Inactivation of the gene encoding the periplasmic protease DegP confers a high-temperature-sensitive phenotype in
Escherichia coli
. We have previously demonstrated that a
degP
mutant of
E. coli
strain CBM (W3110
pldA1
) is not temperature sensitive and showed that this was most likely due to constitutive activation of the sigma E and Cpx extracytoplasmic stress regulons in the parent strain. In this study, further characterization of this strain revealed a previously unknown cryptic mutation that rescued the
degP
temperature-sensitive phenotype by inducing the extracytoplasmic stress regulons. We identified the cryptic mutation as an 11-bp deletion of nucleotides 1884 to 1894 of the adenylate cyclase-encoding
cyaA
gene (
cyaA
Δ
11
). The mechanism in which
cyaA
Δ
11
induces the sigma E and Cpx regulons involves decreased activity of the mutant adenylate cyclase. Addition of exogenous cyclic AMP (cAMP) to the growth medium of a
cyaA
Δ
11
mutant strain that contains a Cpx- and sigma E-inducible
degP
-
lacZ
reporter fusion decreased β-galactosidase expression to levels observed in a
cyaA
+
strain. We also found that a
cyaA
null mutant displayed even higher levels of extracytoplasmic stress regulon activation compared to a
cyaA
Δ
11
mutant. Thus, we conclude that the lowered concentration of cAMP in
cyaA
mutants induces both sigma E and Cpx extracytoplasmic stress regulons and thereby rescues the
degP
temperature-sensitive phenotype.