bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of resistance to S-metolachlor in a waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population from central Illinois
Authors: Kerr Dylan R. , Concepcion Jeanaflor Crystal T. , Riechers Dean E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWaterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] is a dioecious weed that has evolved resistance to very-long-chain fatty-acid elongase (VLCFAE)–inhibiting herbicides via rapid metabolism. Although detoxification enzyme activities are associated with S-metolachlor resistance in two multiple herbicide–resistant (MHR) A. tuberculatus populations from Illinois, the genetic basis of resistance is unknown. Therefore, our goal was to investigate inheritance of S-metolachlor resistance in the Stanford, Illinois–resistant (SIR) population. Specifically, our research objectives were to: (1) generate a uniformly resistant, full-sib near-inbred line (DK3-2) via three generations of recurrent selection for resistance using preemergence S-metolachlor; (2) develop A. tuberculatus populations segregating for S-metolachlor resistance via reciprocal single-plant (one male × one female) full-sib mating of DK3-2 and a VLCFAE-inhibiting herbicide-sensitive population, SEN; (3) quantify S-metolachlor resistance levels in parental lines and their F1 progenies via greenhouse dose–response analysis; and (4) evaluate inheritance of S-metolachlor resistance in F2 progenies. Dose–response analysis using six to eight S-metolachlor concentrations (0.015 to 15.0 μM, varying per population) generated lethal dose (LD) estimates of 50% (LD50) and 90% (LD90) for SIR, SEN, DK3-2, and F1 progenies. LD estimates indicated DK3-2 has a higher magnitude of S-metolachlor resistance than the SIR population, demonstrating single crosses significantly increased S-metolachlor resistance in DK3-2. Levels of S-metolachlor resistance in F1 populations were intermediate compared with DK3-2 and SEN. Segregation of S-metolachlor resistance in F2 families from the paternal-derived lines fit a single-gene model (R:S = 3:1), indicating a single, dominant gene confers S-metolachlor resistance in SIR. However, F2 segregation results from the maternal-derived lines fit a duplicate recessive epistasis model (R:S = 9:7), indicating a second recessive gene may also modify S-metolachlor resistance in SIR. Results and germplasm derived from this research can assist in identifying the gene(s) conferring resistance to S-metolachlor in A. tuberculatus.
A Statistical Approach to Retrieve Rainfall Intensity by Attenuation Measurements From Commercial Microwave Links
Authors: Zheng Xin , Messer Hagit , Qin Youwei , Song Ying , Zhang Wenxuan , Yang Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCommercial microwave link (CML) has become one of the most widely used opportunistic sensors for rainfall monitoring. The high density and coverage of CMLs enable us to monitor near‐ground rainfall in high spatial resolution. The empirical power‐law (PL) model proposed in 1978 is the leading approach in relating CML attenuation with rain rate. However, while giving good rain rate estimates for CMLs longer than 1 km, in short CMLs, large errors are observed when the PL approach is applied. In this paper, we studied a statistical approach to convert CML attenuation measurement to rainfall intensity. The proposed approach calculates the exceedance probability, p, of rain‐induced attenuation and derives the corresponding rainfall intensity based on the rain rate cumulative distribution curve. Data from two cities in two countries were used to validate the approach. The results of the proposed approach were compared with that of the PL model. Results show that the models derived using our approach outperform PL for short CMLs, while showing similar performance for long ones. Since in the next generation mobile networks short CMLs will become more and more dominant, our work provides a way to derive retrieval models for the future generation CML networks.
Magnetosphere–Ionosphere Drivers of Transient‐Large‐Amplitude Geomagnetic Disturbances: Statistical Analysis and Event Study
Authors: McCuen Brett A. , Moldwin Mark B. , Engebretson Mark J. , Weygand James M. , Nishimura Yukitoshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present a comprehensive statistical analysis of high‐frequency transient‐large‐amplitude (TLA) magnetic perturbation events that occurred at 12 high‐latitude ground magnetometer stations throughout Solar Cycle 24 from 2009 to 2019. TLA signatures are defined as one or more second‐timescale dB/dt interval with magnitude ≥6 nT/s within an hour event window. This study characterizes high‐frequency TLA events based on their spatial and temporal behavior, relation to ring current activity, auroral substorms, and nighttime geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) events. We show that TLA events occur primarily at night, solely in the high‐latitude region above 60° geomagnetic latitude, and commonly within 30 min of substorm onsets. The largest TLA events occurred more often in the declining phase of the solar cycle when ring current activity was lower and solar wind velocity was higher, suggesting association to high‐speed streams caused by coronal holes and subsequent corotating interaction regions reaching Earth. TLA perturbations often occurred preceding or within the most extreme nighttime GMD events that have 5–10 min timescales, but the TLA intervals were often even more localized than the ∼300 km effective scale size of GMDs. We provide evidence that shows TLA‐related GMD events are associated with dipolarization fronts in the magnetotail and fast flows toward Earth and are closely temporally associated with poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs) and auroral streamers. The highly localized behavior and connection to the most extreme GMD events suggests that TLA intervals are a ground manifestation of features within rapid and complex ionospheric structures that can drive geomagnetically induced currents.
Phosphorus-bearing molecules PO and PN at the edge of the Galaxy
Authors: Koelemay L. A. , Gold K. R. , Ziurys L. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite its importance in planet formation and biology1, phosphorus has been identified only in the inner 12 kpc of the Galaxy2–19. The study of this element has been hindered in part by unfavourable atomic transitions2,4,20. Phosphorus is thought to be created by neutron capture on 29Si and 30Si in massive stars20,21, and released into the interstellar medium by Type II supernova explosions2,22. However, models of galactic chemical evolution must arbitrarily increase the supernovae production23 to match observed abundances. Here we present the detection of gas-phase phosphorus in the Outer Galaxy through millimetre spectra of PO and PN. Rotational lines of these molecules were observed in the dense cloud WB89-621, located 22.6 kpc from the Galactic Centre24. The abundances of PO and PN in WB89-621 are comparable to values near the Solar System25. Supernovae are not present in the Outer Galaxy26, suggesting another source of phosphorus, such as ‘Galactic Fountains’, where supernova material is redistributed through the halo and circumgalactic medium27. However, fountain-enriched clouds are not found at such large distances. Any extragalactic source, such as the Magellanic Clouds, is unlikely to be metal rich28. Phosphorus instead may be produced by neutron-capture processes in lower mass asymptotic giant branch stars29 which are present in the Outer Galaxy. Asymptotic giant branch stars also produce carbon21, flattening the extrapolated metallicity gradient and accounting for the high abundances of C-containing molecules in WB89-621.
A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3
Authors: Costantin Luca , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Guo Yuchen , Buttitta Chiara , Jogee Shardha , Bagley Micaela B. , Barro Guillermo , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Cabello Cristina , Corsini Enrico Maria , Méndez-Abreu Jairo , de la Vega Alexander , Iyer Kartheik G. , Bisigello Laura , Cheng Yingjie , Morelli Lorenzo , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Buitrago Fernando , Cooper M. C. , Dekel Avishai , Dickinson Mark , Finkelstein Steven L. , Giavalisco Mauro , Holwerda Benne W. , Huertas-Company Marc , Lucas Ray A. , Papovich Casey , Pirzkal Nor , Seillé Lise-Marie , Vega-Ferrero Jesús , Wuyts Stijn , Yung L. Y. Aaron 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe majority of massive disk galaxies in the local Universe show a stellar barred structure in their central regions, including our Milky Way1,2. Bars are supposed to develop in dynamically cold stellar disks at low redshift, as the strong gas turbulence typical of disk galaxies at high redshift suppresses or delays bar formation3,4. Moreover, simulations predict bars to be almost absent beyondz = 1.5 in the progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies5,6. Here we report observations of ceers-2112, a barred spiral galaxy at redshiftzphot ≈ 3, which was already mature when the Universe was only 2 Gyr old. The stellar mass (M★ = 3.9 × 109 M⊙) and barred morphology mean that ceers-2112 can be considered a progenitor of the Milky Way7–9, in terms of both structure and mass-assembly history in the first 2 Gyr of the Universe, and was the closest in mass in the first 4 Gyr. We infer that baryons in galaxies could have already dominated over dark matter atz ≈ 3, that high-redshift bars could form in approximately 400 Myr and that dynamically cold stellar disks could have been in place by redshiftz = 4–5 (more than 12 Gyrs ago)10,11.
m1A in CAG repeat RNA binds to TDP-43 and induces neurodegeneration
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Dai Hui , Dai Xiaoxia , Yin Jiekai , Cui Yuxiang , Liu Xiaochuan , Gonzalez Gwendolyn , Yuan Jun , Tang Feng , Wang Nan , Perlegos Alexandra E. , Bonini Nancy M. , Yang X. William , Gu Weifeng , Wang Yinsheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrosatellite repeat expansions within genes contribute to a number of neurological diseases1,2. The accumulation of toxic proteins and RNA molecules with repetitive sequences, and/or sequestration of RNA-binding proteins by RNA molecules containing expanded repeats are thought to be important contributors to disease aetiology3–9. Here we reveal that the adenosine in CAG repeat RNA can be methylated to N1-methyladenosine (m1A) by TRMT61A, and that m1A can be demethylated by ALKBH3. We also observed that the m1A/adenosine ratio in CAG repeat RNA increases with repeat length, which is attributed to diminished expression of ALKBH3 elicited by the repeat RNA. Additionally, TDP-43 binds directly and strongly with m1A in RNA, which stimulates the cytoplasmic mis-localization and formation of gel-like aggregates of TDP-43, resembling the observations made for the protein in neurological diseases. Moreover, m1A in CAG repeat RNA contributes to CAG repeat expansion-induced neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. In sum, our study offers a new paradigm of the mechanism through which nucleotide repeat expansion contributes to neurological diseases and reveals a novel pathological function of m1A in RNA. These findings may provide an important mechanistic basis for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases emanating from CAG repeat expansion.
Skin cancer diagnosis (SCD) using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Improved Gray Wolf Optimization (IGWO)
Authors: Lai Wanqi , Kuang Meixia , Wang Xiaorou , Ghafariasl Parviz , Sabzalian Mohammad Hosein , Lee Sangkeum 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkin Cancer (SC) is one of the most dangerous types of cancer and if not treated in time, it can threaten the patient’s life. With early diagnosis of this disease, treatment methods can be used more effectively and the progression of the disease can be prevented. Machine Learning (ML) techniques can be utilized as a useful and efficient tool for SCD. So far, various methods for automatic SCD based on ML techniques have been presented; However, this research field still requires the application of optimal and efficient models to increase the accuracy of SCD. Therefore, in this article, a new method for SCD using a combination of optimization techniques and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is presented. The proposed method includes four steps: pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Image segmentation for identifying the lesion region is performed using a Kohonen neural network, where the identified region of interest (ROI) is enhanced using the Greedy Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed method, uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for extracting features from ROIs. Also, to classify features, an ANN is used, and by the Improved Gray Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithm, the number of neurons and weight vector are adjusted. In this method, a probabilistic model is used to improve the convergence speed of the GWO algorithm. Based on the evaluation results, using the IGWO model to optimize the structure and weight vector of the ANN can be effective in increasing the diagnosis accuracy by at least 5%. The results of implementing the proposed method and comparing its performance with previous methods also show that this method can diagnose SC in the ISIC-2016 and ISIC-2017 databases with an average accuracy of 97.09 and 95.17%, respectively; which improves accuracy by at least 0.5% compared to other methods.
Greenness assessment of UPLC/MS/MS method for determination of two antihypertensive agents and their harmful impurities with ADME/TOX profile study
Authors: Nagieb Hend M. , Abdelwahab Nada S. , Abdelrahman Maha M. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Ghoniem Nermine S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHypertension is described by the world health organization (WHO) as a serious medical problem that significantly affects the heart, brain and kidneys. It is a major cause of premature death worldwide. The present study aims to quantify the combination of captopril (CPL), hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) and their harmful impurities; captopril disulphide (CDS), chlorothiaizde (CTZ) and salamide (SMD). In-silico study was conducted for estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters (ADMET) as well as toxicity profile of the proposed impurities. The results showed that the three impurities under investigation had poor permeability to CNS and cannot pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB), reducing the likelihood of causing side effects in the brain. On the other hand, all studied impurities were found to be hepatotoxic. In consequence, a highly sensitive and green ultra-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for separation of the cited drugs in the presence of their harmful impurities; methanol and 0.1% formic acid (90:10, v/v) mixture was used as a mobile phase, eluted at a constant flow rate of 0.7 mL/min at room temperature. Detection was adopted using a tandem mass spectrometer in a positive mode only for CPL and negative mode for HCZ, CDS, CTZ and SMD. Separation was performed within 1 min. Calibration graphs were found to be linear in the ranges of (50.0–500.0 ng mL−1), (20.0–500.0 ng mL−1), (10.0–250.0 ng mL−1), (5.0–250.0 ng mL−1) and (20.0–400.0 ng mL−1) corresponding to CPL, HCZ, CDS, CTZ and SMD, respectively. Additionally, comparative study of greenness profile was established for the proposed and reported methods using five green metric tools. The proposed method was found to be greener than the reported HPLC method. The developed (UPLC/MS/MS) method was validated according to (ICH) guidelines and it was found to has greater sensitivity, shorter analysis time and lower environmental impact compared to the reported methods.
Quaternary low-temperature serpentinization and carbonation in the New Caledonia ophiolite
Authors: Corre Marianna , Brunet Fabrice , Schwartz Stéphane , Gautheron Cécile , Agranier Arnaud , Lesimple Stéphane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe low-temperature alteration (< 150 °C) of ophiolites by infiltrated meteoric waters removes atmospheric CO2 through mineral carbonation and is assumed to generate H2 and possibly CH4 according to so-called serpentinization reactions. This overall alteration pattern is primarily constrained by the chemical composition of alkaline springs that are issued in several ophiolites worldwide. Here we report on the fingerprint, as veinlet mineralization, of the reactive percolation of such meteoric waters in the New Caledonia ophiolite (Massif du Sud). The mineralization which resulted from carbonation and serpentinization reactions, is young (< 2 Ma) and formed at a temperature of ca. 95 °C. It is mainly composed of lizardite, dolomite, magnetite ± pyroaurite. Thermochemical simulation of mineral–water equilibria shows that the percolating aqueous fluid was alkaline and H2 bearing. The δ13C of dolomite is exceptionally high, between 7.1 and up to 17.3‰, and is interpreted as evidence of low-temperature methanogenesis. Overall, the percolating fluid had a chemical composition similar to that of the waters issued today in the (hyper)alkaline springs of the Massif du Sud. The studied veinlets are thus interpreted as a sample of the plumbing system that fed an ancient Quaternary alkaline spring in the area.
The Impact of Infant Sex on Multiple Courses versus a Single Course of Antenatal Corticosteroids: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ninan Kiran , Murphy Kellie E. , Asztalos Elizabeth V. , Jiang Yidi , Huszti Ella , Matthews Stephen G. , Santaguida Pasqualina , Mukerji Amit , McDonald Sarah D. 
Published: November 2023

Objective Animal literature has suggested that the impact of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) may vary by infant sex. Our objective was to assess the impact of infant sex on the use of multiple courses versus a single course of ACS and perinatal outcomes.
Study Design We conducted a secondary analysis of the Multiple Courses of Antenatal Corticosteroids for Preterm Birth trial, which randomly allocated pregnant people to multiple courses versus a single course of ACS. Our primary outcome was a composite of perinatal mortality or clinically significant neonatal morbidity (including neonatal death, stillbirth, severe respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage [grade III or IV], cystic periventricular leukomalacia, and necrotizing enterocolitis [stage II or III]). Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome as well as anthropometric measures. Baseline characteristics were compared between participants who received multiple courses versus a single course of ACS. An interaction between exposure to ACS and infant sex was assessed for significance and multivariable regression analyses were conducted with adjustment for predefined covariates, when feasible.
Results Data on 2,300 infants were analyzed. The interaction term between treatment status (multiple courses vs. a single course of ACS) and infant sex was not significant for the primary outcome (p = 0.86), nor for any of the secondary outcomes (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Infant sex did not modify the association between exposure to ACS and perinatal outcomes including perinatal mortality or neonatal morbidity or anthropometric outcomes. However, animal literature indicates that sex-specific differences after exposure to ACS may emerge over time and thus investigating long-term sex-specific outcomes warrants further attention.
Key Points
Auf- und Absteiger in der Klinikbranche: Gesundheit Nordhessen ab 2027 nachhaltig in schwarzen Zahlen
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut 
Published: November 2023

Börsenexperte, analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Klinikenkma OnlineAusführliche Berichte lesen Sie jeden Monat auf kma Online unterwww.kma-online.de/auf-absteigerDie Restrukturierung zeigt Wirkung, 2021 verlief besser als erwartet. Für 2022 ist ein positives EBITDA geplant, ab 2027 soll das Unternehmen ein nachhaltig positives EAT vorweisen.
Deconstructing plasma fog collection technology: an experimental study on factors impacting collection efficiency
Authors: Li Dingchen , Li Chuan , Xiao Menghan , Li Jiawei , Yang Zhiwen , Fu Qixiong , Zhang Ming , Yu Kexun , Pan Yuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Water scarcity is a global challenge that hinders human development. In recent years, electrostatic fog collection technology has emerged as a promising technology to alleviate this issue. Although electrostatic fog collectors based on a variety of electrode structures have been developed previously, there has been less research into other factors affecting the efficiency of electrostatic fog collection (e.g. electrical factors, environmental factors, etc), which has delayed the commercial application of the technology. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the effects of power supply polarity, voltage, airflow direction, airflow velocity, fog concentration and temperature on collection efficiency using a typical wire-mesh electrode fog collector as an example. The results show that both electrical and environmental factors influence the collection efficiency by changing the charge and the electric field force of the droplets. Negative polarity corona and high voltage are more favorable for fog collection. High velocity airflow and high fog concentration increase the amount of water collected due to the ability to bring more droplets into the electric field. However, the collection efficiency is reduced by the weakening of the corona discharge. High temperature accelerates the evaporation of fog droplets, which is not favorable for fog collection. In conclusion, this work will not only contribute to revealing the underlying mechanisms of the electrostatic fog collection but also will guide the development of highly efficient fog collectors.
A lightweight efficient semantic segmentation with encoder-decoder for arc interference in robotic arc welding
Authors: Chen Xinyu , He Zhuzhen , Ma Qihao , Ren Yan , Cui Tong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recognizing laser stripes under conditions of arc interference is a persistent challenge faced by linear structured light sensors due to their similarity with noise in morphological characteristics. In this paper, a symmetrical encoder-decoder semantic segmentation model named LSRNet (lightweight stripe recognition network) is proposed that enables real-time detection of laser stripes in environments with strong arc interference. It analyzes the difference between arc and laser stripe from the semantic point of view. Firstly, to facilitate quick and accurate recognition of laser stripes, we designed a Depthwise-separable Factorized Module that is both efficient and scalable with a larger receptive field. Moreover, due to the difficulty in distinguishing laser stripes from arcs in a local context, a Multi-scale Depthwise-separable Factorized Module is designed to capture more context information. Secondly, the Unified Attention Fusion Module is used to enhance the feature representation of the laser stripe. Additionally, The combination of DiceLoss(dice coefficient loss) and CELoss(cross-entropy loss) is introduced to optimize the loss, which addresses the pixel imbalance challenge that the pixels of the laser stripe are much less than the background pixels. Finally, based on the images collected in the industrial field, our ArcDataset is created for model training. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the highest intersection over union of 88.0% in laser stripe segmentation and a recognition speed of 101.3 FPS(frames per second).