bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pavor Nocturnus of Proven Epileptic Origin
Authors: Lombroso Cesare T. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:Purpose: To evaluate the suspected epileptic origin in children with episodes masquerading as sleep terrors.Method: One such child was investigated with scalp‐derived long‐term monitoring (LTM), inter and ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans, and an invasive LTM, followed by surgical subpial slicing of the focally discharging motor cortex.Results: The scalp‐derived LTM and the SPECT scans did not localize the suspected epileptogenic focus. The invasive LTM revealed the focal onset of the ictal discharge. After the surgery, the seizures have been 90% controlled. No deficits resulted from the surgery.Conclusions: Although most nocturnal terrors (NTs) are parasomnias, in a few children their frequent episodes that masquerade as NTs have an epileptic origin. There are several features to distinguish these from common NTs or from other frontal lobe epilepsies.
Dipole‐Source Analysis in a Realistic Head Model in Patients with Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Herrendorf G. , Steinhoff B. J. , Kolle R. , Baudewig J. , Waberski T. D. , Buchner H. , Paulus W. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: By the use of three different head models in EEG dipole analysis, we tried to model the origin of interictal and ictal epileptic activity as precisely as possible. Further, as a control, a second evaluation was made by an independent group to control for interindividual reliability of the dipole source analysis. With the realistic head model (CURRY) considering cortex, skull, and skin segmentation, the spike source was located. Methods: In five patients with mesial temporal epileptogenesis, confirmed by successful epilepsy surgery, the spike source was close to the hippocampus, with a mean distance of the dipole source from the hippocampus of 13.6 mm (range, 9–17.2 mm). In one case the ictal EEG also could be analyzed and resulted in a dipole‐source localization comparable to the interictal source. Results: In both head models using either pure cortex segmentation only or a concentric three‐shell model, the dipole source was systematically dislocated in a more superior position. Data analysis by a second group with independently chosen EEG samples and identical individual head model resulted in deviations of >5.3 mm. Data analysis using independently selected spikes and independently segmented head models resulted in deviations 16.7 mm. Conclusions: In four cases of extratemporal epileptogenesis, the origin of interictal epileptiform discharges was localized to the suspected primary epileptogenic zone.
Reliability and Validity of a Norwegian Version of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE‐89)
Authors: Stavem Knut , Bjørnes Helge , Lossius Morten I. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: To develop a Norwegian version of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE‐89) and to confirm its psychometric properties. Methods: The QOLIE‐89 was adapted to Norwegian language through a translation‐backtranslation procedure. The assessment included 397 patients with epilepsy. We assessed internal consistency and test‐retest reliabilities. Construct validity was assessed by correlating scales with items of the 15D health status questionnaire, and discriminant validity was assessed by comparing scores for known groups. Results: The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α, 0.76–0.92) and test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation co‐efficient, 0.67–0.96) for the individual domains were acceptable. Spearman's rank correlations between QOLIE–89 domain scores and corresponding 15D single‐item scores were high (p, 0.47–0.76), and generally higher than the associations between noncorresponding items. Most QOLIE–89 items discriminated well between patients according to seizure status, psychiatric comorbidity, and working status; less well after antiepileptic drug use and neurologic comorbidity. Conclusions: In this cross‐sectional survey, the Norwegian version of the QOLIE–89 was reliable and showed properties supporting construct validity, at a level comparable with the original U.S. version.
The Pathological Substrate of Limbic Epilepsy: Neuronal Loss in the Medial Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus as the Consistent Change
Authors: Bertram Edward H. , Scott Carol 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: The focus of research in limbic epilepsy has been the hippocampus because of its well‐known pathology of hippocampal atrophy and sclerosis as well as the strong propensity for this structure to seize under a variety of circumstances. There is ample evidence, however, for pathological alterations in other regions of the limbic system in limbic/mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, including the amygdala, the entorhinal cortex, and, in some cases, the thalamus. In this preliminary evaluation of the pathological substrate for limbic epilepsy, we wished to determine if there was consistent anatomic change at extrahippocampal sites. Methods: We compared paraffin sections of brains from rats with chronic spontaneous limbic epilepsy and age‐matched controls to determine the consistency of the pathology at five sites: the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, piriform cortex, and medial dorsal thalamus. Results: In a qualitative evaluation of these sections taken from standardized positions, we found that the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus in the epileptic animals was the site that was consistently involved with neuronal loss. With all other sites, at least several animals had qualitatively normal tissue. Conclusions: This finding suggests that neuronal loss in the medial dorsal thalamus may be the consistent pathology in limbic epilepsy, at least in an animal model of the disorder. The presence of a structurally abnormal subcortical region with broad connections to the limbic sites involved with chronic epilepsy may have implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Remodeling Dendritic Spines of Dentate Granule Cells in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients and the Rat Pilocarpine Model
Authors: Isokawa Masako 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: To study when dendritic alteration can occur in the epileptic hippocampus and how it is influenced by epileptic axonal reorganization. Methods: Human specimens and the rat pilocarpine model were used. Dentate granule cells (DGCs) were visualized by intracellular biocytin injection for spine count. Results: In the rat pilocarpine model, dendrites of DGCs revealed a generalized spine loss immediately after the acute status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine. However, this generalized damage was transient and was followed by recovery and plastic changes in spine shape and density, which occurred 15 to 35 days after the initial acute status, i.e., during the period of establishing a chronic phase of this model with the induction of spontaneous seizures. In human epileptic hippocampi, spine density was significantly higher when DGCs generated aberrant mossy fiber collaterals. This was particularly so in the proximal dendrite of DGCs, where the aberrant collaterals were densely localized. These findings suggest that initial acute seizures do not cause permanent damage in dendrites and spines of DGCs and that dendritic spines of epileptic neurons can respond to changes in the local cellular environment, including newly formed afferents, in a plastic manner. Conclusion: Dendritic spines are dynamically maintained in chronic epilepsy during the course of establishment and maintenance of spontaneous seizures. Local dendritic spine alteration, detected later in the chronic phase of epilepsy, must have a separate cause from initial acute insults.
Alterations of Glial Cell Function in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Heinemann U. , Gabriel S. , Jauch R. , Schulze K. , Kivi A. , Eilers A. , Kovacs R. , Lehmann T.‐N. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: Comparison of extracellular K+ regulation in sclerotic and nonsclerotic epileptic hippocampus. Methods: Measurements of K+ signals with double‐barreled K+‐selective reference microelectrodes in area CA1 of slices from human and rat hippocampus, induction of increases in extracellular potassium concentration by repetitive alvear stimulation or iontophoresis, and block of inward‐rectifying and background K+ channels in astrocytes by barium. Results: In the CA1 pyramidal layer from normal rat hippocampus, barium augmented extracellular K+ accumulation induced by iontophoresis or antidromic stimulation in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, barium augmented stimulusinduced K+ signals from nonsclerotic hippocampi (human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy). In contrast, barium failed to do so in sclerotic hippocampi (human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, rat pilocarpine model). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in areas of reduced neuronal density (hippocampal sclerosis), glial cells adapt to permit rather large increases in extracellular potassium accumulation. Such increases might be involved in the transmission of activity through the sclerotic area.
Effects of Topiramate on Sodium‐Dependent Action‐Potential Firing by Mouse Spinal Cord Neurons in Cell Culture
Authors: McLean Michael J. , Bukhari Amjad A. , Wamil Artur W. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: The effects of topiramate (TPM) on sodium‐dependent action potentials were studied by using cultured mouse spinal cord neurons. Methods: The ability of TPM to limit (block) depolarization‐induced spontaneous repetitive firing (SRF) was determined and compared with corresponding effects of phenytoin (PHT) and lamotrigine (LTG) in cultured mouse spinal neurons. Results: Topiramate at concentrations of ges;3 μM caused a voltage‐sensitive and time‐dependent limitation of SRF that was associated with a decrease in the velocity of the upstroke of the action potential. At high concentrations (30–600 μM), TPM rapidly blocked SRF in about one third of the neurons tested and did not affect SRF in about one third. In some neurons, TPM caused an intermittent limitation (sputtering) of SRF (∼30% of the neurons) or blocked SRF only after a delay of several seconds (∼10%). This complex pattern of effects is distinctly different from that of PHT and LTG, in which the effect was always a rapid limitation or complete blockade of SRF. Another difference between TPM and the other anticonvulsants (AEDs) is that the effects of TPM were more dependent on the length of time the neurons were exposed to the compound and the intensity or duration of neuronal activity. Conclusions: The results of this study do not support the concept that Na+ channel blockade is the primary mechanism responsible for the anticonvulsant activity of TPM.
Effects of Topiramate on Kainate‐ and Domoate‐Activated [14C]Guanidinium Ion Flux Through GluR6 Channels in Transfected BHK Cells Using Cytostar‐T Scintillating Microplates
Authors: Smith L. , Price‐Jones M. , Hughes K. , Egebjerg J. , Poulsen F. , Wiberg F.C. , Shank R. P. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that topiramate (TPM) exerts a negative modulatory effect on some types of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐isoxazole‐4‐proprionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors by binding to the site at which protein kinase A (PKA) phosphory‐lates the receptor‐channel complex. Methods: The effect of TPM on kainate‐ or domoate‐induced [14C]guanidinium ion flux through iGluR6 channels expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells was evaluated. Because the hypothesis predicts that TPM will bind only in the dephos‐phorylated state, a variety of experimental conditions were used to either promote or impede the phosphorylation of the receptor‐channel complex. These included the use of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and forskolin to activate PKA, H‐9 and H‐89 to inhibit PKA, and okadaic acid to inhibit protein phosphatases. Results: Kainate (1 μM) induced a gradual accumulation of [14C]guanidinium into the cells that plateaued ∼30 min after initiation of the reaction, whereas domoate (0·1 μM) caused a rapid accumulation into the cells that peaked within 5 min; thereafter, the amount of [14C]guanidinium in the cells declined gradually. Topiramate, at 0·1 and 100 μM, did not significantly affect the [14C]guanidinium accumulation under any of the experimental conditions used. Conclusions: The results of this study are not consistent with the hypothesis tested. However, the results must be interpreted cautiously because iGluR6 receptors expressed in the BHK cells and the functional state of proteins that regulate AMPA/receptors (e.g., PSD‐95) may not be sufficiently similar to the receptors and functional state in neurons to serve as a true test of the hypothesis.
Clinical Pharmacology of Topiramate: A Review
Authors: Garnett William R. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:Clinical success with an antiepileptic drug (AED) depends primarily on its efficacy and tolerability. Clinicians also need to have a basic understanding of an AED's pharma‐cokinetic characteristics, particularly those affecting the potential for drug interactions such as hepatic enzyme inhibition or induction and protein‐binding displacement. Successful treatment may be complicated by pharmacokinetic characteristics such as a short half‐life, nonlinear kinetics, and active metabolites. Pharmacokinetic characteristics that make a drug easy to use may affect patient adherence. In general, newer AEDs such as topiramate (TPM) are simpler to use than traditional AEDs because they have more favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and fewer drug interactions.
Periodontal treatment of two siblings with juvenile hyaline fibromatosis
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Ataoglu Tamer , Avunduk Mustafa C. , Erdemli Esra , Gunhan Omer , Rahman Nazneen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground and Aim: Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is an autosomal recessive disease that presents with multiple subcutaneous nodular tumours, gingival fibromatosis, flexion contractures of the joint and hyaline material accumulation in extracellular area. Recently, the causative gene for JHF, capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2) was identified. In this case report, periodontal status, treatment and follow‐up together with histopathologic evaluation of gingival tissue specimens and mutation screening of two JHF cases are presented.Case Reports: A 10‐year‐old female (case 1) and her 3‐year‐old brother (case 2) were first examined in our department with a complaint of gingival hyperplasia in 1991. Symptoms of the disease were detected in two of four siblings in the family. Several gingivectomy operations were carried out over 11 years with hygiene motivation and initial phase therapy. After the last gingivectomy operation in 2002, the patients were reviewed frequently.Results and Conclusions: Although there was linear marginal gingival inflammation, no remarkable enlargement was noted at last appointment. Histopathological findings showed increased amounts of subepithelial nodular connective tissue, thinned epithelial mucosa, separated inter‐cellular bridges and decreased numbers of connective tissue cells in gingival tissue samples. Electron microscopic examinations supported the histopathological findings. Mutation screening of CMG2 demonstrated that the siblings were homozygous for a pathogenic missense mutation, V386F. Our clinical findings demonstrate that gingivectomy is useful and frequent periodontal visits are important for maintaining oral hygiene and decreasing growth rate of gingiva in JHF.
Multidimensional Assessment Using the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool: A Case Report
Authors: Crandall Margie , Savedra Marilyn 
Published: August 2005

PURPOSE.  Children's and adolescents’ pain experiences are complex and multidimensional. Therefore, assessing a single dimension of pain intensity is in many instances inadequate. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the benefits of using a multidimensional pain tool to assess vaso‐occlusive pain in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. CONCLUSIONS.  The adolescent pediatric pain tool (APPT) provides a valid multidimensional pain assessment that facilitates individual pain assessments that optimize children's and adolescents’ pain relief interventions and outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  The APPT is particularly valuable when clinicians encounter children and adolescents experiencing complex, difficult to manage pain.
ELECTROLYZED WATER AND ITS CORROSIVENESS ON VARIOUS SURFACE MATERIALS COMMONLY FOUND IN FOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES
Authors: AYEBAH BEATRICE , HUNG YEN‐CON 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT ASTM A‐36 medium carbon steel, 110 copper, 3003‐H14 aluminum, polyvinylchloride (PVC) type 1 and 304 stainless steel coupons were immersed in electrolyzed (EO) water, chlorine water, modified EO water and deionized water for a period of 8 days, and the properties of these types of water, weights and surface roughness of the coupons were monitored. EO water significantly increased (P < 0.05) the surface roughness of carbon steel, aluminum and copper with time; however, chlorine water, modified EO water and deionized water produced minimal changes on these materials. Regardless of the treatment water used, the surface roughness of stainless steel and PVC essentially remained the same. Carbon steel, copper, aluminum and stainless steel had a fair, good, good and outstanding corrosion resistance in EO water, respectively. Chlorine and modified EO water had a much less corrosive effect than EO water on all the materials tested.
LIMPNESS OF FRIED POTATO SLABS DURING POST‐FRYING PERIOD
Authors: MIRANDA MISAEL L. , AGUILERA JOSÉ MIGUEL , BERIESTAIN CAROLINA I. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT The rupture stress (RS) of fried potato slices (1.60 mm thick) and of the crust of fried potato slabs (FPS) having lengths of 60 mm and sides of 8, 10 and 12 mm, was determined during the post‐frying period by a puncture test. The RS of fried potato slices decreased as water activity increased from 0.22 to 0.85. The RS of FPS diminished in the first 5–6 min when exposed to ambient conditions and remained almost constant thereafter. A novel videotape technique and image analysis were used to follow deflection of FPS in the post‐frying period. An apparent modulus based on the composite structure of FPS and calculated from beam mechanics decreased with time in a trend similar to that of the textural parameters. We concluded that changes in physical properties of the crust because of moisture accumulation are the major causes of loss of texture (limpness) in FPS during the post‐frying period.
Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Laser Tracking Systems by Skew-Ray Tracing Method
Authors: Lin Psang Dain , Lu Chia-Hung 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Laser tracking systems, such as the Leica LTD 500, are used for precision position measurement of large or distant objects, for example, the alignment of aircraft wings or bridge girders during assembly. A laser tracker’s performance is theoretically better than other common metrology equipment, such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). It is desirable that a flexible laser tracking system replaces the standard CMM, but measurement accuracy is highly dependent on the accuracy of its rotating mirror mechanism and its link dimension variance during tracker manufacture and assembly. Therefore this study presents a skew-ray tracing method for modeling and sensitivity analysis of laser tracking systems. First, the geometric relations of position-detector and interferometer readings are derived in terms of the laser tracker’s parameters using skew-ray tracing method. Effects of corner-cube alignment errors on sensor readings are also investigated theoretically, and it is found that misalignment of the corner-cube causes errors in path length and, therefore, misestimation of distance. Effects of mirror mechanism dimension errors are also investigated by sensitivity analysis. This study will be of use to theoretical and practical studies involving the modeling, design, and use of laser tracking systems and similar devices.
3′,5′-Cyclic Diguanylic Acid Reduces the Virulence of Biofilm-Forming
Staphylococcus aureus
Strains in a Mouse Model of Mastitis Infection
Authors: Brouillette Eric , Hyodo Mamoru , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Karaolis David K. R. , Malouin François 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

The cyclic dinucleotide 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a naturally occurring small molecule that regulates important signaling systems in bacteria. We have recently shown that c-di-GMP inhibits
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm formation in vitro and its adherence to HeLa cells. We now report that c-di-GMP treatment has an antimicrobial and antipathogenic activity in vivo and reduces, in a dose-dependent manner, bacterial colonization by biofilm-forming
S. aureus
strains in a mouse model of mastitis infection. Intramammary injections of 5 and 50 nmol of c-di-GMP decreased colonization (bacterial CFU per gram of gland) by 0.79 (
P
> 0.05) and 1.44 (
P
< 0.01) logs, respectively, whereas 200-nmol doses allowed clearance of the bacteria below the detection limit with a reduction of more than 4 logs (
P
< 0.001) compared to the untreated control groups. These results indicate that cyclic dinucleotides potentially represent an attractive and novel drug platform which could be used alone or in combination with other agents or drugs in the prevention, treatment, or control of infection.
Role of the AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump in Determining Susceptibility of
Haemophilus influenzae
to the Novel Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor LBM415
Authors: Dean Charles R. , Narayan Shubha , Daigle Denis M. , Dzink-Fox JoAnn L. , Puyang Xiaoling , Bracken Kathryn R. , Dean Karl E. , Weidmann Beat , Yuan Zhengyu , Jain Rakesh , Ryder Neil S. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Haemophilus influenzae
isolates vary widely in their susceptibilities to the peptide deformylase inhibitor LBM415 (MIC range, 0.06 to 32 μg/ml); however, on average, they are less susceptible than gram-positive organisms, such as
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. Insertional inactivation of the
H. influenzae acrB
or
tolC
gene in strain NB65044 (Rd strain KW20) increased susceptibility to LBM415, confirming a role for the AcrAB-TolC pump in determining resistance. Consistent with this, sequencing of a PCR fragment generated with primers flanking the
acrRA
region from an LBM415-hypersusceptible
H. influenzae
clinical isolate revealed a genetic deletion of
acrA
. Inactivation of
acrB
or
tolC
in several clinical isolates with atypically reduced susceptibility to LBM415 (MIC of 16 μg/ml or greater) significantly increased susceptibility, confirming that the pump is also a determinant of decreased susceptibility in these clinical isolates. Examination of
acrR
, encoding the putative repressor of pump gene expression, from several of these strains revealed mutations introducing frameshifts, stop codons, and amino acid changes relative to the published sequence, suggesting that loss of pump repression leads to decreased susceptibility. Supporting this, NB65044
acrR
mutants selected by exposure to LBM415 at 8 μg/ml had susceptibilities to LBM415 and other pump substrates comparable to the least sensitive clinical isolates and showed increased expression of pump genes.