bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture failure of internal thread joint on back redressing stabilizer
Authors: Ji Nan , Wu Feng , Feng Chun , Wang Peng , Zhu Lijuan , Bai Zhenquan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stabilizers have been one of the most critical components in the drilling string, due to their great function to prevent the unintentional sidetracking and vibrations in whole drilling assembly. In recent years, with the increasing of the well depth, the rising of the harsh service conditions have pose big challenges to the stabilizers. So it is very necessary to conduct systematic research on the failure mechanism of the stabilizer and carry out ideal failure prevention measures. In this article, the fracture failure analysis of an internal thread joint of the back redressing stabilizer was carried out, and the failure causes were investigated by nondestructive testing, mechanical property tests, chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis. The results show that the mechanical tests and chemical composition analysis results all meet the requirements of the SY/T 5051-2016 standard, the fracture mode of the back redressing stabilizer is fatigue fracture, and the causes of the failure is mainly belong to the pit shape defects on the surface of internal thread and the quenching crack in the internal thread.
Research on solitons’ interactions in one-dimensional indium chains on Si(111) surfaces
Authors: Yao Y , Luo C J , Wang X X , Zhang H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Solitons have garnered significant attention across various fields, yet a contentious debate persists regarding the precise structure of solitons on indium chains. Currently, multiple forms of solitons in one-dimensional atomic chains have been reported. STM provides an effective means to study the precise atomic structure of solitons, particularly their dynamics and interactions. However, limited research has been conducted on soliton interactions and soliton-chain interactions, despite their profound impact on relative soliton motions and the overall physical properties of the system. In this work, we characterized the structures of the soliton dimer and trimer, observed the displacements induced by the soliton entity and statisticized the dynamic behaviors of soliton dimers over time evolution or temperature. To reveal the soliton mechanism, we further utilized STM to investigate the CDWs between two solitons when two monomers were encountered. Additionally, we achieved the manipulation of the monomer on the indium chain by the STM tip. Our work serves as an important approach to elucidate interactions in correlated electronic systems and advance the development of potential topological soliton computers.
Risk analysis and Assessment of Wellbore Integrity Failure in Underground Gas Storage Based on Bayesian Network
Authors: Wang Rui , Jin Yanxin , Ren Dongfang , Zhao Chaojie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Well integrity assessment plays vital role in the risk management of gas storage wells, which has emerged as a key topic of political and scientific discussion in the gas industry. However, the current research did not provide quantized assessment of failure probability of well integrity. To quantitatively evaluate the failure risk of gas storage well integrity, the probability model based on Bayesian network is established and calculated incorporating the relevant historical statistical data of gas storage well integrity failure and Leaky Noise or Gate extended model. Besides, the risk priority evaluation criteria of well integrity are set up, combining with the analytic hierarchy process. And the risk judgment matrix is constructed to quantitatively evaluate the risk of wellbore integrity failure in gas storage. Practical guidelines and solutions derived from the results of the current study can be used for the design of the gas storage wellbores.
Cause analysis of premature fracture in the welding position of special lifting tool for aero-engines
Authors: Wu Bingbing , Wan Tian , Zeng Zhiwei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A specialized lifting tool for aero-engine in a workshop broke down after two months of use, resulting in damage to the workpiece and significant economic losses. The incident also posed a serious production hazard in the workshop. In this study, a series of characterization methods including macroscopic trace observation, fracture analysis, physical and chemical testing, microstructure observation, and hardness testing were conducted to analyze the cause of the lifting tool fracture. Based on simulation methods, the reliability of the lifting tool design was evaluated. The results show that the lifting tool design itself is reliable, and the main reason for the fracture is poor welding quality of the welded structure. It is suspected that there are welding cold cracks in the heat affected zone, which propagate during the use of the lifting tool and eventually lead to fracture. The root cause is that the quality of the base material of the weld did not meet the design requirements, resulting in a higher carbon equivalent in the base material, lower weldability, and increased sensitivity to welding cracks, which was also the reason for the fracture occurring in the welding heat-affected zone. The unqualified material composition affects the process parameters of the pre-welding preheating and the post-welding heat treatment, resulting in the formation of high hardness (724.0HV1) and brittle martensite structure in the welding heat-affected zone.
Failure Analysis of Fractured Gear Teeth on High Speed Shaft
Authors: Feng Ran , Zhao Ying , Li Xiaojia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The gear tooth of a high speed shaft cracked after servicing for two years. In this paper, the chemical composition, metallographic structure and fracture morphology of gear shaft materials were analyzed, and the fracture cause of gear teeth was determined. The result showed that there was large size nonmetallic inclusion in the gear teeth, which was result in the fatigue crack of the gear teeth.
Research on Traditional Image Segmentation Method Based on Oil Drilling Pipe Defects
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhu Lijuan , Ma Dong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study explores the feasibility and efficacy of conventional image seg-mentation technology in diagnosing failures in oil drilling pipe images. Simultaneously, it envisions an intelligent approach to diagnose defects in oil drilling pipes. The present paper examines and scrutinizes traditional image segmentation methods in light of the characteristics of oil drilling pipe defect images. It devises experiments tailored for these defect images and employs various traditional image segmentation methods to facilitate comparison and evaluation. The experimental findings illustrate that the traditional image segmentation methods possess a discernible impact on detecting defects in oil drilling pipes, with the image segmentation effect based on the Canny operator method of edge detection proving to be the most effective. The experiments are specifically devised for defective images of oil drilling pipes, utilizing diverse traditional image segmentation methods for comparison and evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that the traditional image segmentation methods exhibit a certain degree of efficacy in detecting defects in oil drilling pipes, with the image segmentation effect based on the Canny operator method of edge detection being the most optimal.
The Characteristics of Refractory Steel and Its Development and Application in Petroleum and Other Fields
Authors: Chun Feng , Qi Ji , Lijuan Zhu , Kai Zhang , Xiaofeng Bai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because the strength of structural steel decreases sharply at high temperature, it must be sprayed with fire-resistant coating or fire-resistant materials for composite use. The strength of refractory steel can be reduced by no more than 1/3 of the room temperature at high temperature, and maintain good high temperature strength. This article mainly summarizes the development history of refracto-ry steel in China and other countries, analyzes the material selection basis and strengthening mecha-nism of refractory steel, and finds that by combining Mo element solid solution strengthening, phase transformation strengthening, and Nb, the strength guarantee of refractory steel at high temper-atures and V element precipitation strengthening are obtained. Designers can calculate the service temperature of steel structure through the initial stress and design strength of components to select refractory steel. Finally, the application status of refractory steel and its application prospect in the field of oil rescue are summarized and prospected.
Research on the erosion law of shale gas casing perforation hole during fracturing
Authors: Bo Zeng , Pengcheng Wu , Xudong Wang , Ye Chen , Chengxu Zhong , Xu Liu , Peng Wang , Nan Ji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the fracturing process of shale gas wells, the high-speed injection of sand-carrying fluid throttles at the perforation casing hole, resulting in erosion at the hole, increasing the geometric parameters of the orifice and even producing cracks, affecting the fracturing construction effect and safety. Therefore, the flow field, the movement trajectory of particles and the erosion law of the perforated holes under different displacement and pump pressure were analyzed by using numerical simulation software and Euler-Lagrangian particle tracking theory, and the simulation analysis results were verified by the full-size physical erosion test of the perforated orifice of the casing. The analysis results show that with the increase of displacement, the erosion rate of the eyelet continues to increase, and the erosion rate of the eyelet in the direction of the liquid inlet is significantly greater than that of the bottom of the casing, and the degree gradually decreases in all directions. Increasing the fracturing construction displacement not only increases the erosion rate and diffusion area at the borehole, but also increases the erosion rate of the pipe wall near the borehole, which will accelerate the thinning of the wall thickness of the casing and affect the service safety of the perforated section casing.
The erosion-corrosion behaviors of the full-scale Ni-P and Ni-Cu-NiW internal coating tubing
Authors: Zhu Lijuan , Feng Chun , Zhou Yang , Zhang Kai , Ji Nan , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the present work, a self-built device called the “full scale tubular goods erosion-corrosion test system” was used to investigate the erosion-corrosion behavior of Ni-P and Ni-Cu-NiW internal coating tubing in a simulated operating condition of a water injection well in the Xinjiang oil field, China. The tubing, with a total length of 10 m, was tested under accelerated conditions. The erosion-corrosion performance was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the Ni-P coating experienced severe corrosion, including internal cracking and peeling. The corrosion failure of the Ni-P coating was mainly attributed to the presence of defects such as pores and the penetration and self-catalysis of chloride ions. On the other hand, the Ni-Cu-NiW coating exhibited excellent corrosion resistance due to its three-layer composite structure and the addition of tungsten (W), which enhanced its resistance to chloride ion penetration.
Effect of Chemical Composition (Cr/Ni) on the Hysteresis of 17-4PH Stainless Steel
Authors: Xie Jinpeng , Yang Caifu , Liu Zhenbao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The resistance strain gage was adopted to investigate hysteresis property of 17-4PH steel treated with different proportions of Cr/Ni under the same heat treatment process. The relationship between mechanical properties, microstructure and hysteresis of the material under different proportions of elements was established. The results show that the residual austenite content has an important effect on hysteresis of the material, while the δ-ferrite content has little effect on the hysteresis of the material.
High-resolution measurements of swordfish skin surface roughness
Authors: Stewart M , Cameron S , Thunert M , Zampiron A , Wainwright D , Nikora V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The three-dimensional morphology of swordfish skin roughness remains poorly understood. Subsequently, its importance to the overall physiology and hydrodynamic performance of the swordfish is yet to be determined. This is at least partly attributable to the inherent difficulty in making the required measurements of these complex biological surfaces. To address this, here two sets of novel high-resolution measurements of swordfish skin, obtained using a modular optical coherence tomography system and a gel-based stereo-profilometer, are reported and compared. Both techniques are shown to provide three-dimensional morphological data at micron-scale resolution. The results indicate that the skin surface is populated with spiny roughness elements, typically elongated in the streamwise direction, in groups of up to six, and in good agreement with previously reported information based on coarser measurements. In addition, our data also provide new information on the spatial distribution and variability of these roughness features. Two approaches, one continuous and another discrete, are used to derive various topographical metrics that characterize the surface texture of the skin. The information provided here can be used to develop statistically representative synthetic models of swordfish skin roughness.
Super-maximal chaos and instability
Authors: Mondal Swapnamay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An upper bound on Lyapunov exponent of a thermal many body quantum system has been conjectured recently. It would be useful to develop a physical understanding of what prevents a system from violating this bound. In this article we suggest violation of this bound leads to instability. Our suggestion is based on careful scrutiny of the arguments that established the bound. We also present a physical system where this phenomenon is manifested. In the stable regime, along with incoherent metallic phase, the system exhibits another novel phase, where transport is controlled neither by quasi-particles nor by diffusion. At the phase transition, diffusion coefficient, butterfly velocity and Thouless time diverges.
Large-alphabet time-bin quantum key distribution and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering via dispersive optics
Authors: Chang Kai-Chi , Sarihan Murat Can , Cheng Xiang , Zhang Zheshen , Wong Chee Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) has established itself as a groundbreaking technology, showcasing inherent security features that are fundamentally proven. Qubit-based QKD protocols that rely on binary encoding encounter an inherent constraint related to the secret key capacity. This limitation restricts the maximum secret key capacity to one bit per photon. On the other hand, qudit-based QKD protocols have their advantages in scenarios where photons are scarce and noise is present, as they enable the transmission of more than one secret bit per photon. While proof-of-principle entangled-based qudit QKD systems have been successfully demonstrated over the years, the current limitation lies in the maximum distribution distance, which remains at 20 km fiber distance. Moreover, in these entangled high-dimensional QKD systems, the witness and distribution of quantum steering have not been shown before. Here we present a high-dimensional time-bin QKD protocol based on energy-time entanglement that generates a secure finite-length key capacity of 2.39 bit/coincidences and secure cryptographic finite-length keys at 0.24 Mbits s−1 in a 50 km optical fiber link. Our system is built entirely using readily available commercial off-the-shelf components, and secured by nonlocal dispersion cancellation technique against collective Gaussian attacks. Furthermore, we set new records for witnessing both energy-time entanglement and quantum steering over different fiber distances. When operating with a quantum channel loss of 39 dB, our system retains its inherent characteristic of utilizing large-alphabet. This enables us to achieve a secure key rate of 0.30 kbits s−1 and a secure key capacity of 1.10 bit/coincidences, considering finite-key effects. Our experimental results closely match the theoretical upper bound limit of secure cryptographic keys in high-dimensional time-bin QKD protocols (Mower et al 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 062322; Zhang et al 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett.
112 120506), and outperform recent state-of-the-art qubit-based QKD protocols in terms of secure key throughput using commercial single-photon detectors (Wengerowsky et al 2019 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
116 6684; Wengerowsky et al 2020 npj Quantum Inf.
6 5; Zhang et al 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett.
112 120506; Zhang et al 2019 Nat. Photon.
13 839; Liu et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
122 160501; Zhang et al 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.
125 010502; Wei et al 2020 Phys. Rev. X 10 031030). The simple and robust entanglement-based high-dimensional time-bin protocol presented here provides potential for practical long-distance quantum steering and QKD with multiple secure bits-per-coincidence, and higher secure cryptographic keys compared to mature qubit-based QKD protocols.
Introduction
Authors: Levinson Daryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thomas Hobbes famously portrayed the state as a personified Leviathan, and Hobbes’s arresting image of the state as a giant person remains deeply influential to this day. Indeed, much of the theory of international law and international relations can be read as an extended interrogation of the Hobbesian metaphor of states as persons. One might have expected constitutional law, the second major regime of law for states, to follow a similar path. As the chapters that follow will show, however, many of the most persistent theoretical and practical difficulties of constitutional law stem from the inability of its designers and practitioners to appreciate the distinctive difficulties of imposing law upon Leviathan. Because Leviathan is different from an ordinary person, law for Leviathan must also be different. Laying out the distinctive structural, functional, and moral features of that form of law is the project of this book, previewed in the Introduction.
State Building and Unbuilding
Authors: Levinson Daryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter starts with the rewards and risks of building state power through law, and the corresponding trade-off between projects of state-building and state-unbuilding. From the post–World War II Marshall Plan to the post-9/11 state-building efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Hobbesian project of building stronger states and fixing failed ones has been perceived as a foreign policy imperative. As history has painfully demonstrated, however, building stronger states comes with risks of its own, both domestically and internationally. A similar ambivalence about the extent of state power has been a pervasive feature of American constitutionalism, giving rise to persistent debates over national government capacity, presidential powers, the administrative state, and constitutional federalism. On the home front, Americans have resolutely resisted Hobbes’s advice, intentionally designing for ourselves a state built, if not to fail, at least not to fully succeed.
No Body and Everybody
Authors: Levinson Daryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the question of who, exactly, should be blamed or punished for the state’s wrongdoing. The standard answer provided by international and constitutional law is, the state itself. But there is no meaningful sense in which the state itself can be punished or penalized. Sanctions—whether in the form of missile strikes or monetary damages for constitutional violations—pass through the immaterial body of Leviathan and land upon real people. And these are often people who bear no personal responsibility for the wrongdoing of their states, and who have no ability to prevent that wrongdoing from occurring. As international law has learned the hard way, the image of an embodied Leviathan that can be blamed and punished too often masks the moral and functional consequences of what are effectively collective sanctions imposed on groups of innocent people.
Law for Leviathan
Authors: Levinson Daryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the past several centuries of Anglo-American legal thought, law has been paradigmatically understood as the product of the state. It is the state, operating through the legal and political institutions of its government, that imposes law on the people who are its subjects. Over the same centuries, however, the development of international law and constitutional law has made the state itself subject to law. These systems of law for states necessarily work differently. For one thing, law for states must do without a super-state or government standing above the state, capable of creating and enforcing law. For another, the state is a unique kind of legal subject, calling for different behavioral models, moral standards, and regulatory techniques than those developed for ordinary people. It is precisely these differences that have long marked international law as a curious, and in many eyes dubious, form of law. Constitutional law, in contrast, has seldom been subject to the same doubts, or fully understood as different in kind from legal systems run by and through the state. As a result, constitutionalists have lagged their internationalist counterparts in coming to grips with the common project of making the state the subject rather than the source of law. By assimilating constitutional and international law as parallel projects of imposing law upon the state, and by highlighting the peculiarities of the state as a subject of law, this book aspires to close that gap, and to bring focus to Law for Leviathan as a distinctive legal form.
Satires
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter tackles the two books of satires published by Horace in 36/35 and 30 bce. It explains the nature of ancient satire, introducing the iconic Roman figure of C. Lucilius, an embodiment of Roman republican values, libertas (freedom, freedom of speech) especially. In both books Horace is keen to relate his own poetry to Lucilius’, and this tells us a lot about his and Rome’s circumstances in the 30 bce and how he wanted to present Augustus’ activities at this point. The style of verse of satire is also investigated, its artfully scruffy versification and vocabulary and its emphasis on the physical over the spiritual, and how that apparent lack of polish also contributes to its perception as a privileged mouthpiece of Romanness. The implications of these poems’ original title, Sermones, is discussed, one being that they are like the kind of conversations one might have at the important Roman institution of the cena, dinner by invitation.