bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of atomoxetine in adult attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a drug-placebo response curve analysis
Authors: Faraone Stephen V , Biederman Joseph , Spencer Thomas , Michelson David , Adler Lenard , Reimherr Fred , Glatt Stephen J 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atomoxetine, a new and highly selective inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter, in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adults by using drug-placebo response curve methods.

Methods
We analyzed data from two double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design studies of adult patients (Study I, N = 280; Study II, N = 256) with DSM-IV-defined ADHD who were recruited by referral and advertising. Subjects were randomized to 10 weeks of treatment with atomoxetine or placebo, and were assessed with the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales and the Clinical Global Impression of ADHD Severity scale before and after treatment.

Results
Those treated with atomoxetine were more likely to show a reduction in ADHD symptoms than those receiving placebo. Across all measures, the likelihood that an atomoxetine-treated subject improved to a greater extent than a placebo-treated subject was approximately 0.60. Furthermore, atomoxetine prevented worsening of most symptom classes.

Conclusion
From these findings, we conclude that atomoxetine is an effective treatment for ADHD among adults when evaluated using several criteria.
Unique Gene Expression Profile Based on Pathologic Response in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Spentzos Dimitrios , Levine Douglas A. , Kolia Shakirahmed , Otu Hasan , Boyd Jeff , Libermann Towia A. , Cannistra Stephen A. 
Published: October 2005

Purpose We investigated whether tumor tissue obtained at diagnosis expresses a specific gene profile that is predictive of findings at second-look surgery in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and Methods Tumor tissue obtained at the time of diagnosis was profiled with oligonucleotide microarrays. Class prediction analysis was performed in a training set of 24 patients who had undergone a second-look procedure. The resultant predictive signature was then tested on an independent validation set comprised of 36 patients. Results A 93-gene signature referred to as the Chemotherapy Response Profile (CRP) was identified through its association with pathologic complete response. When applied to a separate validation set, the CRP distinguished between patients with unfavorable versus favorable overall survival (median 41 months v not yet reached, respectively, log-rank P = .007), with a median follow-up of 52 months. The signature maintained independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis, controlling for other known prognostic factors such as age, stage, grade, and debulking status. There was no genetic overlap between the CRP and our previously described Ovarian Cancer Prognostic Profile (OCPP), which demonstrated similar prognostic value. The combination of the CRP and OCPP yielded better prognostic discrimination then either profile alone. Genes present in the CRP include BAX, a proapoptotic protein previously associated with chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer. Conclusion Identification of a gene expression profile based on pathologic response in EOC provides independent prognostic information and offers potential insights into the mechanism of drug resistance. Efforts to identify a more tailored profile using selected genes from both the CRP and OCPP are underway.
Satisfaction After Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy: The Significance of Mastectomy Type, Reconstructive Complications, and Body Appearance
Authors: Frost Marlene H. , Slezak Jeffrey M. , Tran Nho V. , Williams Constance I. , Johnson Joanne L. , Woods John E. , Petty Paul M. , Donohue John H. , Grant Clive S. , Sloan Jeff A. , Sellers Thomas A. , Hartmann Lynn C. 
Published: October 2005

Purpose Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is one option for reducing the risk of a second breast cancer in women with a personal and family history of breast cancer. Few data are available regarding satisfaction, psychological, and social function after CPM. The purpose of this research is to evaluate women’s long-term satisfaction with CPM, factors influencing satisfaction, and psychological and social function after CPM. Patients and Methods This was a descriptive study of all women with a family history of breast cancer, known to be alive, who elected CPM at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 1960 and 1993 (n = 621). Ninety-four percent of the women (n = 583) completed a study-specific questionnaire. Results A mean of 10.3 years after the procedure, the majority of women (83%) were satisfied with their CPM. A smaller number were neutral (8%) or dissatisfied (9%). Women who had a subcutaneous mastectomy had more problems with reconstruction, and fewer of these women were satisfied than women with simple mastectomy. Decreased satisfaction with CPM was associated with decreased satisfaction with appearance, complications with reconstruction, reconstruction after CPM, and increased level of stress in life. The majority of women experienced no change or favorable effects in self-esteem (83%), level of stress in life (83%), and emotional stability (88%). Satisfaction with body appearance, feelings of femininity, and sexual relationships were the most adversely affected with 33%, 26%, and 23% of the women responding negatively. Conclusion Although most women are satisfied with CPM, each woman should weigh the benefits alongside the potential adverse effects.
Role of Hematotoxicity and Sex in Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma: An Analysis From the German Hodgkin Study Group
Authors: Klimm Beate , Reineke Thorsten , Haverkamp Heinz , Behringer Karolin , Eich Hans T. , Josting Andreas , Pfistner Beate , Diehl Volker , Engert Andreas 
Published: October 2005

Purpose Several scores have described sex as a prognostic factor in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). However, little is known how sex-specific factors influence treatment outcome. We systematically investigated sex differences with regard to pretreatment characteristics and therapy-related variables, and examined their influence on the outcome of HL patients. Patients and Methods This analysis comprises 4,626 HL patients of all prognostic risk groups who were enrolled onto the multicenter studies HD4 to HD9 of the German Hodgkin Study Group. At 5.5 years, 2,050 female and 2,576 male patients were analyzed. Results Male and female patients had similar prognostic factors. There was more acute chemotherapy-related hematotoxicity in women, especially more severe leucopenia (WHO grade 3/4, 69.9% female and 55.2% male; P < .0001). Importantly, this did not translate into more infections. Female patients had similar response rates but fewer relapses and deaths, leading to a significantly better freedom from treatment failure (FFTF; at 66 months, 81% female [95% CI, 79% to 82%] and 74% male [95% CI, 72% to 76%]). Severe leucopenia during chemotherapy was strongly associated with better FFTF, both for males and females. In addition, when only those patients who developed severe leucopenia within the first two cycles of chemotherapy were included, the factor maintained its protective role. Conclusion The protective role of severe leucopenia suggests the testing of a more individualized therapy. In future trials, this therapy may be tailored in a response-adapted manner depending on the individual toxicity profile within the first cycles.
Novel Reaction Course of Alkenes to Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Izaki Toshiharu 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The reaction of styrenes with triphenylphosphine in the presence of acid gave the corresponding 1-arylethylphosphonium salts in 76–82% yields. Indene also reacted with triphenylphosphine and tetrafluoroboric acid to afford 1-indanyltriphenylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate in 72% yield.
Thermal Isomerization at a C=N Double Bond: How Does the Mechanism Vary with the Substituent?
Authors: Yamataka Hiroshi , Ammal Salai Cheettu , Asano Tsutomu , Ohga Yasushi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Thermal isomerizations at the C=N double bonds in R1R2C=NC6H4X proceed via an inversion mechanism, in which the C=NC6H4X bond angle is near 180° at the transition state (TS). Available experimental data on the reactions of (CF3)2C=NC6H4X and YC6H4CH=NC6H4X have suggested that the reaction mechanism changes with substituent X. In the present study, HF, B3LYP, and MP2 computations were carried out to analyze the modes of mechanistic change with the substituent for the reactions of (CF3)2C=NC6H4X, YC6H4CH=NC6H4X, and other systems. There are two possible pathways within the inversion mechanistic framework: a planar pathway with the R1R2C=N double-bond plane and the aromatic ring being coplanar at the TS and a perpendicular one with the two planes being perpendicular to each other at the TS. It was found that the mechanistic change is not due to a change in the relative importance of two independent and competitive reaction pathways, but arises from a change of the character of a single TS from planar to perpendicular geometry when the substituent becomes more electron-withdrawing.
Evidence for a Selective Sweep in the wapl Region of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Beisswanger Steffen , Stephan Wolfgang , De Lorenzo David 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A scan of the X chromosome of a European Drosophila melanogaster population revealed evidence for the recent action of positive directional selection at individual loci. In this study we analyze one such region that showed no polymorphism in the genome scan (located in cytological division 2C10–2E1). We detect a 60.5-kb stretch of DNA encompassing the genes ph-d, ph-p, CG3835, bcn92, Pgd, wapl, and Cyp4d1, which almost completely lacks variation in the European sample. Loci flanking this region show a skewed frequency spectrum at segregating sites, strong haplotype structure, and high levels of linkage disequilibrium. Neutrality tests reveal that these data are unlikely under both the neutral equilibrium model and the simple bottleneck scenarios. In contrast, newly developed maximum-likelihood ratio tests suggest that strong selection has acted recently on the region under investigation, causing a selective sweep. Evidence that this sweep may have originated in an ancestral population in Africa is presented.
Effect of high initial water content on cement-based sludge solidification
Authors: Boutouil M. , Levacher D. 
Published: October 2005

When solidifying/stabilising high water content materials, the water/cement (w/c) ratios are higher than those usually found in concrete engineering. However, an important question about the availability of the total measured water content can be asked. In this paper, the influence of initial water content on the mechanical behaviour of solidified dredged sludge is investigated. Water consumptions for three types of cement are measured after solidification with different w/c ratios. It has been observed that the three types of cement consume different quantities of water. The theoretical water consumption value expressed by unit mass of anhydrous cement is 0·42. Many observations concerning the water consumption compared with the replacement level suggest that the measured initial water is not totally available to hydrate the added cement. Lorsque l'on solidifie/stabilise des matériaux à forte teneur en eau, les rapports eau-ciment (w/c) sont plus élevés que ceux trouvé s habituellement dans l'ingé nierie du ciment. Cependant, on peut s'interroger sur la disponibilité de la teneur en eau totale mesuré e. Dans cet exposé, nous étudions l'influence de la teneur en eau initiale sur le comportement mécanique de la boue dragué e solidifié e. Nous avons mesuré les consommations en eau de trois types de ciment après solidification avec trois proportions w/c diffé rentes. Nous avons observé que les trois types de ciment consommaient diffé rentes quantité s d'eau. La valeur thé orique de la consommation en eau exprimé e par masse unitaire de ciment anhydre est de 0·42. De nombreuses observations concernant la consommation en eau comparé e avec le niveau de remplacement suggèrent que l'eau initiale mesuré e n'est pas totalement disponible pour hydrater le ciment ajouté
Internal versus Terminal Metalation of Double‐Helical Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Authors: Vinje Jo , Sletten Einar 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe formation of adducts between cis‐[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], ZnII, and MnII and double‐stranded oligodeoxynucleotides was studied by 1D and 2D 1H, 31P, and 15N NMR spectroscopy. For labile adducts involving ZnII and MnII, both 1H chemical shifts (ZnII) and 1H line‐broadening effects (MnII) showed that in the hexamer [d(GGCGCC)]2 I, the terminal G1‐N7 is the exclusive binding site, while for the dodecamer [d(GGTACCGGTACC)]2 II, which contains both a terminal and internal GG pair, the preference for metal binding is the internal guanine G7. ZnII binding to II was confirmed by natural‐abundance 2D [1H,15N] HMBC NMR spectroscopy, which unambiguously showed that G7‐N7 is the preferred binding site. The long duplex [d(GGTATATATACCGGTATATATACC)]2 III was expected to have a more pronounced accumulation of electrostatic potential towards the central part of the sequence (vs the terminal part) than does II. However, the ZnII titration of III showed no increase in coordination with the internal Gs (vs the terminal Gs), compared with what was observed for II. The reaction between the nonlabile metal complex cis‐[PtCl2(15NH3)2] (cisplatin) and II showed a slight preference for the internal GG pair over the terminal GG pair. However, when the diaqua form of cisplatin cis‐[Pt(15NH3)2(H2O)2] was reacted with II a more pronounced binding preference for the internal GG pair was observed.
On highly convergent 2D acoustic and elastic wave propagation models
Authors: Barauskas Rimantas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe presented approach for reducing the phase and group errors in short wavelength pulses propagation modelling is based upon modal error minimization. A computational model is built of component substructures (CS) the matrices of which are obtained by modal synthesis. The necessary modal properties of CS are established by solving the cumulative modal error minimization problem for a sample domain the exact modal frequencies of which are known theoretically. Earlier the approach has been demonstrated to work well in 1D case. In this work the results for 2D rectangular meshes describing elastic and/or acoustic wave propagation have been obtained. As a result, models having up to 80% of modal frequencies with an error less than 2% can be obtained by using the optimized component substructures. Though the synthesized mass matrices are non‐diagonal, the obtained dynamic models are able to simulate short transient waves and wave pulses propagating in elastic or acoustic environments by using only a few nodal points per pulse length. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partitioned formulation of frictional contact problems using localized Lagrange multipliers
Authors: González José A. , Park K. C. , Felippa Carlos A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterface treatment methods for the contact problem between non‐matching meshes have traditionally been based on a direct coupling of the contacting solids employing a master–slave strategy or classical Lagrange multipliers. These methods tend to generate strongly coupled systems that is dependent on the discretization characteristics on each side of the contact zone. In this work a displacement frame is intercalated between the interface meshes. The frame is then discretized so that the discrete frame nodes are connected to the contacting substructures using the localized Lagrange multipliers collocated at the interface nodes. The resulting methodology alleviates the need for master–slave book‐keeping and provides a partitioned formulation which preserves software modularity, facilitates non‐matching mesh treatment and passes the contact patch test. Frictional contact problems are used to demonstrate the salient features of the proposed method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Singlet–Triplet Separation in CF2: State‐of‐the‐Art Ab Initio Calculations and Franck–Condon Simulations Including Anharmonicity
Authors: Chau Foo‐tim , Mok Daniel K. W. , Lee Edmond P. F. , Dyke John M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGeometrical parameters, vibrational frequencies and relative electronic energies of the X̃2B1 state of CF2− and the X̃1A1 and ã3B1 states of CF2 have been calculated. Core‐electron effects on the computed minimum‐energy geometries and relative electronic energies have been investigated, and relativistic contributions to the computed relative electronic energies calculated. Potential energy functions of the X̃2B1 state of CF2− and the X̃1A1 and ã3B1 states of CF2 have been determined, and anharmonic vibrational wavefunctions of these states calculated variationally. Franck–Condon factors including anharmonicity and Duschinsky rotation have been computed and used to simulate the ã–X̃ emission spectrum of CF2 determined by S. Koda [Chem. Phys. Lett. 1978, 55, 353] and the 364 nm laser photodetachment spectrum of CF2− obtained by R. L. Schwartz et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 8213]. Comparison between theory and experiment shows that the theoretical approach benchmarked in the present study is able to give highly reliable positions for the CF2(X̃1A1)+e←CF2−(X̃2B1) and CF2(ã3B1)+e←CF2−(X̃2B1) bands in the photoelectron spectrum of CF2− and a reliable singlet–triplet gap for CF2. It is therefore concluded that the same theoretical approach should give reliable simulated CCl2(X̃1A1)+e←CCl2−(X̃2B1) and CCl2(ã3B1)+e←CCl2−(X̃2B1) bands in the photodetachment spectrum of CCl2− and a reliable singlet–triplet gap for CCl2.
A Combined Ab Initio/Franck–Condon Study of the Ã–X̃ Single‐Vibronic‐Level Emission Spectrum of CCl2 and the Photodetachment Spectrum of CCl2−
Authors: Dyke John M. , Lee Edmond P. F. , Mok Daniel K. W. , Chau Foo‐tim 
Published: October 2005

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art ab initio calculations have been carried out on the X̃1A1, ã3B1 and Ã1B1 states of CCl2 and the X̃2B1 state of CCl2−. Franck–Condon factors including anharmonicity have been calculated, between the CCl2 states, and between the CCl2− X̃2B1 state and the CCl2 states. They are used to simulate the Ã–X̃ single‐vibronic‐level (SVL) emission spectra of CCl2 determined by M.‐L. Lui et al. [PCCP 2003, 5, 352] and the 364 nm laser photodetachment spectrum of CCl2− obtained by R. L. Schwartz et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 8213]. Comparison between simulated and observed spectra confirms the vibrational assignments of the X̃2B1 SVL emission spectra and the T0 position of the Ã1B1 state of CCl2. For the photodetachment spectrum of CCl2−, spectral simulation shows that the higher binding energy ã3B1(CCl2)←X̃2B1(CCl2−) band is well separated from the X̃1A1(CCl2)←X̃2B1(CCl2−) band. It is concluded that the observed second band, which overlaps heavily with the X̃1A1(CCl2)←X̃2B1(CCl2−) band in the photodetachment spectrum of CCl2− cannot be assigned to the CCl2(ã3B1)+e→CCl2−(X̃2B1) detachment process. Further ab initio calculations carried out in the present investigation support the suggestion that the second band in the 364 nm photodetachment spectrum of CCl2− is due to detachment from an excited state of CCl2−, a linear quartet state, to a triplet state of CCl2. These calculations identify the anionic state to be the lowest 4Σg− (4Σ−) state, which photodetaches vertically to the 3Σg− (3Σ−; adiabatically ã3B1) and/or 3Πu (3Π) states of CCl2 to give the second band observed in the 364 nm photodetachment spectrum of CCl2−.
Photodissociation Study of Ethyl Bromide in the Ultraviolet Range by the Ion‐Velocity Imaging Technique
Authors: Tang Ying , Ji Lei , Zhu Rongshu , Wei Zhengrong , Zhang Bing 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe photodissociation of ethyl bromide has been studied in the wavelength range of 231–267 nm by means of the ion velocity imaging technique coupled with a [2+1] resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) scheme. The velocity distributions for the Br (2P1/2) (denoted Br*) and Br (2P3/2) (denoted Br) fragments are determined, and each can be well‐fitted by a narrow single‐peaked Gaussian curve, which suggests that the bromine fragments are generated as a result of direct dissociation via repulsive potential‐energy surfaces (PES). The recoil anisotropy results show that β(Br) and β(Br*) decrease with the wavelength, and the angular distributions of Br* suggest a typical parallel transition. The product relative quantum yields at two different wavelengths are Φ234nm(Br*)=0.17 and Φ267nm(Br*)=0.31. The relative fractions of each potential surface for the bromine fragments’ production at 234 and 267 nm reveal the existence of a curve crossing between the 3Q0 and 1Q1 potential surfaces, and the probability of curve crossing decreases with the laser wavelength. The symmetry reduction of C2H5Br from C3v to Cs invokes a nonadiabatic coupling between the 3Q0 and 1Q1 states, and with higher energy photons, the probability that crossing will take place increases.
Periodic viscous flow: A bench‐mark problem
Authors: Goldberg I. S. , Carey G. F. , McLay R. , Phinney L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA double‐transform technique provides a semi‐analytic solution in the form of a series expansion for unsteady axisymmetric Stokes flow in the entrance region of a semi‐infinite rigid cylindrical tube. This in turn offers an appropriate bench‐mark problem for evaluating the quality of numerical approximations. To illustrate this, periodic axial flow in a circular cylinder is considered. Some aspects of the bench‐mark problem that are of interest include the reverse flow in the wall layers, the accuracy of the approximate method in different flow regimes and the mesh grading. This bench‐mark problem and the numerical study provide some insight into practical issues pertinent to the approximate solution of unsteady and periodic flows.
On the theory of semi‐implicit projection methods for viscous incompressible flow and its implementation via a finite element method that also introduces a nearly consistent mass matrix. Part 2: Implementation
Authors: Gresho Philip M. , Chan Stevens T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEver since the expansion of the finite element method (FEM) into unsteady fluid mechanics, the ‘consistent mass matrix’ has been a relevant issue. Applied to the time‐dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, it virtually demands the use of implicit time integration methods in which full ‘velocity–pressure coupling’ is also inherent. The high cost of such (high‐quality) FEM calculations led to the development of simpler but ad hoc methods in which the ‘lumped’ mass matrix is employed and the velocity and pressure are uncoupled to the maximum extent possible. Resulting computer codes were less expensive to use but suffered a significant loss of accuracy, caused by lumping the mass when the flow was advection‐dominated and accurate transport of ‘information’ was important. In the second part of this paper we re‐introduce the consistent mass matrix into some semi‐implicit projection methods in such a way that the cost advantage of lumped mass and the accuracy advantage of consistent mass are simultaneously realized.