bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphologic study of intravitreal membranes associated with intraocular hemorrhage in the dog
Authors: Zeiss Caroline J. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe aimed to characterize intravitreal membranes in dogs and determine, if possible, associated predisposing conditions. Five globes in which intravitreal membranes were identified were evaluated. These originated from four Labrador Retrievers or Labrador‐cross dogs and a Springer Spaniel. The ages of the dogs ranged from 4 to 11 years. Standard histology and immunohistochemical procedures for factor VIII‐related antigen, smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed. Intravitreal membranes varied from loosely to highly organized. The extent of organization corresponded with increasing immunoreactivity for vimentin and GFAP, indicating their predominantly glial origin. They were never immunopositive for smooth muscle actin, nor were they vascularized. In all cases, they were associated with intravitreal hemorrhage. Additional common findings included epiretinal membranes, retinal neovascularization, preiridal fibrovascular membranes and glaucoma. Intravitreal membranes may be a sequelae of intravitreal hemorrhage. This in turn, may arise from new vessels associated with epiretinal or preiridial membranes, or hemorrhage associated with optic disc cupping or retinal neovascularization. All of these phenomena may accompany glaucoma.
Examination of the Relationships among General and Work‐Specific Self‐Evaluations, Work‐Related Control Beliefs, and Job Attitudes
Authors: Chen Gilad , Goddard Thomas G. , Casper Wendy J. 
Published: June 2004

Les auteurs ont décrit et mis à l’épreuve les liens supposés exister entre les différences individuelles (les auto‐évaluations spécifiques au travail et générales), les variables contextuelles (les croyances relatives au contrôle des tâches) et trois attitudes professionnelles (la satisfaction relative à l’emploi, l’engagement organisationnel et l’implication liée au poste). Les résultats tirés d’une investigation portant sur 159 salariés des services de santé montrent que les auto‐évaluations, en particulier l’estime de soi liée à l’organisation, prédisent fortement les attitudes professionnelles. En outre, les auto‐évaluations spécifiques au travail permettent d’expliquer pourquoi et comment les auto‐évaluations générales et les croyances relatives au contrôle des tâches sont reliées aux attitudes professionnelles. En dernière analyse, les corrélations entre les auto‐évaluations générales et l’estime de soi liée à l’organisation étaient modulées par les croyances relatives au contrôle des tâches. On réfléchit à ce que ces résultats peuvent apporter à la théorie et à la pratique organisationnelles. Et des pistes pour de futures rechèrches sont suggérées.The authors delineated and tested the relationships among individual differences (general and work‐specific self‐evaluations), contextual variables (work‐related control beliefs), and three job attitudes (job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and job involvement). Results from a study of 159 healthcare employees found that work‐specific self‐evaluations, particularly organisation‐based self‐esteem, strongly predicted job attitudes. Moreover, work‐specific self‐evaluations helped explain why and how general self‐evaluations and work‐related control beliefs relate to job attitudes. Finally, the correlations between general self‐evaluations and organisation‐based self‐esteem were moderated by work‐related control beliefs. Contributions to organisational theory and practice, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace: A Critical Review
Authors: Zeidner Moshe , Matthews Gerald , Roberts Richard D. 
Published: June 2004

Cet article est une revue critique des théories et résultats empiriques favorables à l’intelligence émotionelle (I.E.) et à son prétendu rôle dans l’environnement professionnel. On s’intéresse au statut supposé de l’I.E. dans la performance au travail, la satisfaction et l’évaluation de la carrière et des compétences (surtout dans la domaine de la sélection et de l’orientation). Globalement, cette revue de questions prouve que les recherches récentes ont fait de grands pas dans la comprehénsion de l’utilité de l’I.E. au travail. Les preuves strictement scientifiques sont cependant insuffisantes, la littérature accordant une confiance excessive aux avis d’experts, aux anecdotes, aux études de cas et aux enquêtes privées non publiées. On propose, à la fin de l’article, quelques directives pratiques pour favoriser le développement et l’utilisation de mesures de l’I.E. dans les situations professionnelles.This paper critically reviews conceptualisations and empirical evidence in support of emotional intelligence (EI) and its claimed role in the occupational environment. Consideration is given to the purported status of EI in occupational and career assessment (with particular emphasis on personnel selection and placement), job performance, and satisfaction. Overall, this review demonstrates that recent research has made important strides towards understanding the usefulness of EI in the workplace. However, the ratio of hyperbole to hard evidence is high, with over‐reliance in the literature on expert opinion, anecdote, case studies, and unpublished proprietary surveys. The review concludes by providing a number of practical guidelines for the development and implementation of EI measures within occupational settings.
Key Success Factors for Women in Management in Turkey
Authors: Aycan Zeynep 
Published: June 2004

Cette étude recense les facteurs qui influencent l’évolution de la carrière des femmes en Turquie. Bien que les femmes soient bien représentées dans les emplois intellectuels, elles occupent, en Turquie, seulement 4% des situations directoriales. Cet article expose les résultats de deux recherches. La première visait l’investigation du contexte socioculturel par le mise en évidence des stéréotypes sexuels et des attitudes envers la promotion professionnelle des femmes. 318 hommes et femmes ont rempli un questionnaire évaluant les attitudes envers les femmes managers. L’autre étude était qualitative et explorait la perception des facteurs de succès jugés fondamentaux dans le développement des carrières féminines, cela par l’entremise d’entrentiens en profondeur réalisés auprès de 52 femmes managers de niveau moyen et élevé de 27 organisations différentes. Les données sont analysées à partir de trois catégories: les facteurs individuels, organisationnels et familiaux. Il apparaît que les facteurs de succès clés pour les femmes managers sont la confiance qu’elles ont en elles‐mêmes et leur détermination à atteindre leurs objectifs de carriére. Puis vient le soutien de la famille et de l’organisation. L’obstacle le plus difficile à surmonter relève des normes culturelles relatives aux rôles sexués.This study explores the factors that influence women's career advancement in Turkey. Despite the fact that women are well represented in scientific and professional jobs, they occupy only 4 per cent of top management positions in Turkey. This paper reports the results of two studies. The first study aimed at investigating the socio‐cultural context by identifying gender‐role stereotypes and attitudes towards women's career advancement. A total of 318 male and female respondents filled out a questionnaire assessing attitudes towards women in management. The second study was qualitative and explored the key perceived success factors affecting women's career development through in‐depth interviews with 52 high and middle‐level women managers in 27 different organisations. The results are discussed under three categories: individual, organisational, and family‐related factors. Findings show that the key success factors for women managers are their self‐confidence and determination to achieve their career objectives. Next comes support from the family and organisations. The most significant barrier seemed to be the cultural norms toward gender roles.
T‐DNA locus structure in a large population of soybean plants transformed using the Agrobacterium‐mediated cotyledonary‐node method
Authors: Olhoft Paula M. , Flagel Lex E. , Somers David A. 
Published: June 2004

SummaryDesigning transformation experiments for either functional genomics or crop improvement requires knowledge of the transgene locus structure, number, transmission and expression resulting from a specific transformation method. We recently reported an improvement to the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cotyledonary‐node transformation method that resulted in the efficient production of transgenic plants. To characterize the transgene loci resulting from this method, we analysed 270 independent T0 plants and 95 randomly selected T1 progenies for T‐DNA locus complexity using Southern analysis. The lines were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 or EHA105 carrying the binary plasmids pGPTV, pTOK233, pCAMBIA1303 or pCAMBIA1309, and regenerated in medium supplemented with or without silver nitrate (AgNO3). Analysis in the T0 generation showed that the number of hpt‐hybridizing fragments per plant ranged from 1–15, with 31.5% of the lines having a single hpt‐hybridizing fragment. Each primary soybean transformant had, on average, 2.0 unlinked transgene loci and that half of the segregating loci in the T1 progenies were single, simple T‐DNA insertions. Of the loci containing multiple T‐DNA fragments, a low frequency had tandem and inverted repeat T‐DNA structures. Integration of binary plasmid backbone sequences occurred in 37% of primary transformants. A. tumefaciens strain, binary plasmid and thiol treatment had no significant effect on transgene locus structure, numbers or expression. Interestingly, exposure of soybean explants to AgNO3 throughout shoot induction and elongation increased T‐DNA locus complexity in the primary transformants and decreased silencing of gusA expression in the T1 generation.
Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase‐directed, inducible and tissue‐specific over‐expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tam , Leelavathi Sadhu , Reddy Vanga Siva 
Published: June 2004

SummaryA widely applicable bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase‐directed, tissue‐specific and inducible over‐expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants was developed. This was achieved through the simultaneous transformation of a modified T7 RNA polymerase to specifically transcribe the foreign gene placed under the control of T7 expression signals. The T7 RNA polymerase recognized the chimeric uidA gene integrated randomly into tobacco and rice genomes. Results from the use of six different promoters with different tissue specificities indicated that the recombinant protein was expressed at a several‐fold (3–10‐fold) higher level when compared with transgenes expressed directly under the control of these tissue‐specific promoters. An important feature of the T7 system in plants was the near‐uniform expression in the independently transformed plants, in contrast with the large variations observed in transgene expression under the direct control of plant promoters. In addition, our results demonstrated the application of the T7 system in the regulation of transgene expression through chemically inducible mechanisms. This versatility of controlled and regulated expression offers a powerful tool that could be used in various programmes in plant biotechnology and genomic studies.
Field performance and starch characteristics of high‐amylose potatoes obtained by antisense gene targeting of two branching enzymes
Authors: Hofvander Per , Andersson Mariette , Larsson Clas‐Tomas , Larsson Håkan 
Published: June 2004

SummaryPotato is an important crop for starch production, but there are limitations regarding the genetic variation of starch quality. In maize, starches with various properties have been available for a long time by mutational breeding. Amylose starch from potatoes differs from cereal amyloses in several functionally important aspects, such as a higher degree of polymerization. Areas of application in which the degree of polymerization is of importance include film forming and the polymeric properties of bioplastics. High‐amylose potato lines have been achieved by inhibiting the two known branching enzyme forms of potato. A single inserted gene construct for the inhibition of both forms resulted in structural changes of the starch to levels of branching that were below the commercially available amylose standards of potato. The high‐amylose potato lines were tested in multiple year field trials of agronomic performance and were used for the pilot plant production of starch. The introduced trait was confirmed to be stable over multiple years. The consequences of the modification were found to be an increased tuber yield, reduced starch content, smaller granule size and an increase in reducing sugars.
Production of tailor‐made fructans in sugar beet by expression of onion fructosyltransferase genes
Authors: Weyens Guy , Ritsema Tita , Van Dun Kees , Meyer Diederick , Lommel Murielle , Lathouwers Jean , Rosquin Inge , Denys Pascale , Tossens Alain , Nijs Marleen , Turk Stefan , Gerrits Nathalie , Bink Sjak , Walraven Bas , Lefèbvre Marc , Smeekens Sjef 
Published: June 2004

SummaryThe consumption of fructans as a low caloric food ingredient or dietary fibre is rapidly increasing due to health benefits. Presently, the most important fructan source is chicory, but these fructans have a simple linear structure and are prone to degradation. Additional sources of high‐quality tailor‐made fructans would provide novel opportunities for their use as food ingredients. Sugar beet is a highly productive crop that does not normally synthesize fructans. We have introduced specific onion fructosyltransferases into sugar beet. This resulted in an efficient conversion of sucrose into complex, onion‐type fructans, without the loss of storage carbohydrate content.
Toxin‐dependent utilization of engineered ribosomal protein L3 limits trichothecene resistance in transgenic plants
Authors: Mitterbauer Rudolf , Poppenberger Brigitte , Raditschnig Armin , Lucyshyn Doris , Lemmens Marc , Glössl Josef , Adam Gerhard 
Published: June 2004

SummaryThe contamination of agricultural products with Fusarium mycotoxins is a problem of world‐wide importance. Fusarium graminearum and related species, which are important pathogens of small grain cereals and maize, produce an economically important and structurally diverse class of toxins designated trichothecenes. Trichothecenes inhibit eukaryotic protein synthesis. Therefore, a proposed role for these fungal toxins in plant disease development is to block or delay the expression of defence‐related proteins induced by the plant. Using yeast as a model system, we have identified several mutations in the gene encoding ribosomal protein L3 (Rpl3), which confer semi‐dominant resistance to trichothecenes. Expression of an engineered tomato RPL3 (LeRPL3) cDNA, into which one of the amino acid changes identified in yeast was introduced, improved the ability of transgenic tobacco plants to adapt to the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON), but did not result in constitutive resistance. We show here that, in the presence of wild‐type Rpl3 protein, the engineered Rpl3 protein is not utilized, unless yeast transformants or the transgenic plants are challenged with sublethal amounts of toxin. Our data from yeast two‐hybrid experiments suggest that affinity for the ribosome assembly factor Rrb1p could be altered by the toxin resistance‐conferring mutation. This toxin‐dependent utilization of the resistance‐conferring Rpl3 protein could seriously limit efforts to utilize the identified target alterations in transgenic crops to increase trichothecene tolerance and Fusarium resistance.
Environmental and human health impacts of growing genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant sugar beet: a life‐cycle assessment
Authors: Bennett Richard , Phipps Richard , Strange Alison , Grey Peter 
Published: June 2004

SummaryThere is ongoing debate concerning the possible environmental and human health impacts of growing genetically modified (GM) crops. Here, we report the results of a life‐cycle assessment (LCA) comparing the environmental and human health impacts of conventional sugar beet growing regimes in the UK and Germany with those that might be expected if GM herbicide‐tolerant (to glyphosate) sugar beet is commercialized. The results presented for a number of environmental and human health impact categories suggest that growing the GM herbicide‐tolerant crop would be less harmful to the environment and human health than growing the conventional crop, largely due to lower emissions from herbicide manufacture, transport and field operations. Emissions contributing to negative environmental impacts, such as global warming, ozone depletion, ecotoxicity of water and acidification and nutrification of soil and water, were much lower for the herbicide‐tolerant crop than for the conventional crop. Emissions contributing to summer smog, toxic particulate matter and carcinogenicity, which have negative human health impacts, were also substantially lower for the herbicide‐tolerant crop. The environmental and human health impacts of growing GM crops need to be assessed on a case‐by‐case basis using a holistic approach. LCA is a valuable technique for helping to undertake such assessments.
Manipulating volatile emission in tobacco leaves by expressingAspergillus nigerβ‐glucosidase in different subcellular compartments
Authors: Wei Shu , Marton Ira , Dekel Mara , Shalitin Dror , Lewinsohn Efraim , Bravdo Ben‐Ami , Shoseyov Oded 
Published: June 2004

SummaryExpression of theAspergillus nigerβ‐glucosidase gene,BGL1, inNicotiana tabacumplants (cv. Xanthi) had a profound effect on the volatile emissions of intact and crushed leaves.BGL1was expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and targeted to the cytoplasm, cell wall, lytic vacuole (LV), chloroplast or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subcellular localization was confirmed by gold immunolabelling, followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Significant β‐glucosidase activity was observed in transgenic plants expressing BGL1 in the cell wall, LV and ER. Compared with controls, all intact transgenic leaves were found to emit increased levels of 2‐ethylhexanol, as determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of the headspace volatiles. Plants expressing BGL1 in the cell wall (Tcw) emitted moretrans‐caryophyllene than did non‐transgenic controls, whereas plants expressing BGL1 in the ER (Ter) and LV (Tvc) emitted more cembrene than did non‐transgenic controls. Volatiles released from crushed transgenic leaves and collected with solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) polydimethylsiloxane fibre were distinctly enhanced. Significant increases in linalool, nerol, furanoidcis‐linalool oxide, 4‐methyl‐1‐pentanol, 6‐methyl‐hept‐5‐en‐2‐ol and 2‐ethylhexanol were detected in transgenic plants when compared with wild‐type controls. 3‐Hydroxyl‐β‐ionone levels were increased in crushed Tcw and Ter leaves, but were undetectable in Tvc leaves. The addition of glucoimidazole, a β‐glucosidase inhibitor, abolished the increased emission of these volatiles. These results indicate that the expression of a fungal β‐glucosidase gene in different subcellular compartments has the potential to affect the emission of plant volatiles, and thereby to modify plant–environment communication and aroma of agricultural products.
Recombinant anti‐hCG antibodies retained in the endoplasmic reticulum of transformed plants lack core‐xylose and core‐α(1,3)‐fucose residues
Authors: Sriraman Rajan , Bardor Muriel , Sack Markus , Vaquero Carmen , Faye Loïc , Fischer Rainer , Finnern Ricarda , Lerouge Patrice 
Published: June 2004

SummaryPlant‐based expression systems are attractive for the large‐scale production of pharmaceutical proteins. However, glycoproteins require particular attention as inherent differences in the N‐glycosylation pathways of plants and mammals result in the production of glycoproteins bearing core‐xylose and core‐α(1,3)‐fucose glyco‐epitopes. For treatments requiring large quantities of repeatedly administered glycoproteins, the immunological properties of these non‐mammalian glycans are a concern. Recombinant glycoproteins could be retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to prevent such glycan modifications occurring in the late Golgi compartment. Therefore, we analysed cPIPP, a mouse/human chimeric IgG1 antibody binding to the β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), fused to a C‐terminal KDEL sequence, to investigate the efficiency of ER retrieval and the consequences in terms of N‐glycosylation. The KDEL‐tagged cPIPP antibody was expressed in transgenic tobacco plants or Agrobacterium‐infiltrated tobacco and winter cherry leaves. N‐Glycan analysis showed that the resulting plantibodies contained only high‐mannose (Man)‐type Man‐6 to Man‐9 oligosaccharides. In contrast, the cPIPP antibody lacking the KDEL sequence was found to carry complex N‐glycans containing core‐xylose and core‐α(1,3)‐fucose, thereby demonstrating the secretion competence of the antibody. Furthermore, fusion of KDEL to the diabody derivative of PIPP, which contains an N‐glycosylation site within the heavy chain variable domain, also resulted in a molecule lacking complex glycans. The complete absence of xylose and fucose residues clearly shows that the KDEL‐mediated ER retrieval of cPIPP or its diabody derivative is efficient in preventing the formation of non‐mammalian complex oligosaccharides.
Genetic manipulation of γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) synthesis in a commercial variety of evening primrose (Oenothera sp.)
Authors: De Gyves Emilio Mendoza , Sparks Caroline A. , Sayanova Olga , Lazzeri Paul , Napier Johnathan A. , Jones Huw D. 
Published: June 2004

SummaryA robust Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation procedure was developed for Rigel, a commercial cultivar of evening primrose, and used to deliver a cDNA encoding a Δ6‐desaturase from borage under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Analysis of the transformed plants demonstrated an altered profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with an increase in γ‐linolenic acid and octadecatetraenoic acid in leaf tissues when compared with control lines.