bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pituitary macroadenomas in childhood and adolescence: a clinical analysis of 7 patients
Authors: Aguilar-Riera Cristina , Clemente María , González-Llorens Núria , Mogas Eduard , Campos-Martorell Ariadna , Fàbregas Anna , Biagetti Betina , Vázquez Elida , Yeste Diego 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPituitary adenomas (PPAs) are uncommon in childhood and adolescence, accounting for 2–6% of all intracranial neoplasms. Delayed puberty, growth retardation, galactorrhea and weight gain are common features at presentation in pediatric patients. Functional tumors constitute a vast majority (90%) of PPAs, with the most frequent being prolactinomas.Case presentationA retrospective review of the clinical features and outcomes of 7 pediatric patients with pituitary macroadenomas was conducted. We included PPAs in patients under 18 years at diagnosis with diameters larger than 10 mm by magnetic resonance (MRI).Six patients were males (85%), with age at diagnosis ranging from 8 to 15 (median 14 ± 2.8SDS). The primary symptoms that led to medical attention were growth retardation, gigantism and secondary amenorrhea. The visual field was reduced in three cases (42%). Suprasellar extension was present in 3 subjects, and one had a giant adenoma. Adenomas were clinically functioning in 6 patients (85%) (three prolactinomas, two somatropinomas, one secreting FSH and one no-producer). The prolactinomas responded to treatment with cabergoline. For the rest, one required transsphenoidal surgery and the other three both surgery and radiotherapy. All patients undergoing radiotherapy had secondary panhypopituitarism. In relation to the genetic studies, two patients presented a pathogenic mutation of theAIPgene and one of theMEN1.Discusion and conclusionPediatric pituitary macroadenomas are a distinct entity, mostly found in males and with a predominance of functional tumors leading to detrimental effects on growth and puberty in addition to neuro-ophthalmological manifestations. It is important to perform genetic studies in patients with macroadenomas appearing under the age of 18 years as genetic and syndromic associations are more frequent in this age group.
Household Instability and Girls’ Teen Childbearing
Authors: Perkins Kristin L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
More than one third of U.S. children spend part of their childhood living with extended family members. By age 18, nearly 40% of U.S. children experience a household change involving a nonparent. Research has found that having extended family or nonrelatives join or leave children's households negatively affects children's educational attainment. I argue that we need new ways of theorizing, conceptualizing, and measuring household changes and their effects on children. I use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate the association between household changes involving parents and nonparents and teen childbearing among girls. I find that experiencing household changes involving nonparents and parents during childhood is associated with a significantly higher probability of having a child as a teenager than experiencing no changes. In addition, the association between changes involving parents and teen childbearing is statistically indistinguishable from the association between changes involving nonparents and teen childbearing, suggesting that household composition shifts involving nonparents can be as disruptive to girls as those involving parents.
Digitization in the European Union - towards sustainable development?
Authors: Pakulska Teresa 
Published: October 2023

Cel pracyDynamiczny rozwój gospodarki cyfrowej składnia do refleksji nt. jej roli w kształtowaniu zrównoważonego rozwoju (ZR) w krajach UE, które przyjęły szereg politycznych inicjatyw w kierunku transformacji ekologicznej. Celem artykułu jest próba pokazania zachodzących współzależności pomiędzy ucyfrowieniem, wyrażonym wskaźnikiem DESI a autorskim wskaźnikiem ZR.Materiał i metodyZgodnie z teorią, ZR obejmuje trzy filary: ekologiczny (ślad ekologiczny), społeczny (indeks ludzkiej pomyślności i wpływu na środowisko - WHI) i ekonomiczny (PKP/cap wg PPP). Do pogrupowania państw UE ww. wskaźników wykorzystano metodę Warda (baza danych World Population Review, The World Happiness Report, Gallup, International Monetary Fund, DESI).WynikiZ badań wynika, że wyższemu poziomowi ucyfrowienia, towarzyszy wyższy poziom rozwoju gospodarczego oraz ZR. Brak jest jednak jednoznacznych powiązań pomiędzy DESI a filarem ekologicznym.WnioskiUzyskane wyniki wskazują na konieczność szybszej implementacji narzędzi cyfrowych w filarze ekologicznym oraz zmian instytucjonalnych, aby rewolucja cyfrowa nie była nową rewolucją przemysłową prowadzącą do tym razem do cyfrowego nie-zrównoważenia.
Betterment of a displacement retrieval method based on data fitting in a near-half-fringe zone
Authors: Kim Il-Hyok , Kim Chol-Hyon , Sin Tong-Myong , Ri Kyong-Ho 
Published: October 2023

Raising the speed and accuracy of displacement retrieval by overcoming the weakness of time-consuming parameter estimation and a complex displacement retrieval algorithm is of key importance in improving the real-time quality of optical feedback self-mixing-based displacement measurement sensor. This paper proposes a high-speed and accurate simultaneous estimation method of displacement, optical feedback factor, and linewidth enhancement factor based on data fitting near a half-fringe cooperating with the fringe-counting method. The displacement measurement accuracy of the proposed method is about 16 nm. The high estimation speed ensured by the principle of the reported method constitutes the main character of the method; besides, the method can be applied to any motion, as well as a harmonic vibration.
Effect of antibiotic medicines availability on adherence to standard treatment guidelines among hospitalized adult patients in southern Malawi
Authors: Chiumia Francis Kachidza , Muula Adamson Sinjani , Chimimba Frider , Nyirongo Happy Magwaza , Kampira Elizabeth , Khuluza Felix 
Published: October 2023

Background
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. High and inappropriate use of antibiotic therapy exacerbate the risk of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the effect of availability of antibiotic medicines on adherence to standard treatment guidelines among hospitalized adult patients in Southern Malawi.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was done to assess the availability of 16 antibiotics among the first-line recommended treatments for common bacterial infections in Malawi. Data for up to six-month duration was extracted from stock card records in Machinga and Nsanje District Hospitals and Zomba Central Hospital. This was complemented by a retrospective review of 322 patient management files from medical wards to assess adherence to the Malawi Standard Treatment Guidelines (MSTG). Investigators abstracted data such as patient demographics, diagnoses, and prescribed therapy using a data collection form that resulted in analyzing 304 patient files. Data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed using STATA 14.1. Point availability, stock-out duration and adherence to treatment guidelines were presented in terms of frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to assess the association between variables and adherence to treatment guidelines.

Results
Point availability of antibiotics was 81.5%, 87.7%, and 42.8% for Zomba Central, Machinga and Nsanje District Hospitals respectively. Over a period of six months, 12.5% of antibiotic medicines were stocked out for at least one day at Zomba (Median stock out days = 0, (IQR 0–0 days), while 64.3% were stocked out at Machinga (Median stock out days = 21, IQR 0–31 days) and 85.7% were stocked out at Nsanje District Hospital (Median stock out days = 66.5, IQR 18–113 days). Overall, adherence to MSTG was 79.6%, (95% CI, 73.3–84.9%). By facilities, adherence to guidelines at Zomba Central Hospital was 95.9% (95% CI, 89.7–98.9%) while at Nsanje and Machinga District Hospitals was 73.2% (95% CI, 59.7–84.2%) and 54.2% (95% CI, 39.2–68.6%) respectively. Adherence to treatment guidelines was associated with health facility, presence of laboratory test results, antibiotic spectrum, and WHO-AWaRe category of the medicine, p<0.005. Adherence was lower for antibiotics that were stocked out than antibiotics that were not stocked out during the study period (63.8%, 95% CI 48.5–77.3% vs 84.4%, 95% CI 77.7–89.8%), p< 0.002.

Conclusion
We found unstable availability of antibiotic medicines in hospitals which might contribute to the sub-optimal adherence to standard treatment guidelines. This is a setback to efforts aimed at curbing antibiotic resistance in Malawi.
Optimal Monetary Policy with Government-Provided Unemployment Benefits
Authors: Kiarsi Mehrab 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper considers a standard New Keynesian model with matching frictions and explores the impact of modeling the opportunity cost of employment as government unemployment transfers. The findings reveal that under such circumstances, maintaining full price stability at all times ceases to be optimal. This outcome persists even when production subsidies are introduced to address inefficiencies caused by imperfect competition in product and factor markets, and when wages are fully flexible and the Hosios condition holds. For a realistic calibration of the opportunity cost, the Ramsey-optimal policy necessitates a positive inflation rate with high volatility. The degree of inflation volatility required increases with the magnitude of unemployment transfers. Consequently, committing to an inflation targeting regime proves to be highly costly in this context. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the optimal inflation variability decreases with workers’ bargaining power. This is because higher workers’ bargaining power leads to reduced labor market fluctuations, thereby lowering the need for large inflation adjustments.
Filling minimality and Lipschitz-volume rigidity of convex bodies among integral current spaces
Authors: Basso Giuliano , Creutz Paul , Soultanis Elefterios 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper we consider metric fillings of boundaries of convex bodies. We show that convex bodies are the unique minimal fillings of their boundary metrics among all integral current spaces. To this end, we also prove that convex bodies enjoy the Lipschitz-volume rigidity property within the category of integral current spaces, which is well known in the smooth category. As further applications of this result, we prove a variant of Lipschitz-volume rigidity for round spheres and answer a question of Perales concerning the intrinsic flat convergence of minimizing sequences for the Plateau problem.
Plackett–Luce modeling with trajectory models for measuring athlete strength
Authors: McKeough Katy , Glickman Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is often the goal of sports analysts, coaches, and fans to predict athlete performance over time. Models such as Bradley–Terry and Plackett–Luce measure athlete skill based on results of competitions over time, but have limited predictive strength without making assumptions about the nature of the evolution of athletic skill. Growth curves are often applied in the context of sports to predict future ability, but these curves are too simple to account for complex career trajectories. We propose a non-linear, mixed-effects trajectory to model the ratings as a function of time and other athlete-specific covariates. The mixture of trajectories allows for flexibility in the estimated shape of career trajectories between athletes as well as between sports. We use the fitted trajectories to make predictions of an athlete’s career trajectory through a model of how athlete performance progresses over time in a multi-competitor scenario as an extension to the Plackett–Luce model. We show how this model is useful for predicting the outcome of women’s luge races, as well as show how we can use the model to compare athletes to one another by clustering career trajectories.
General Logic and the Method of Metaphysical Deductions
Authors: Dalla Rosa Davide 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the interpretation of the metaphysical deductions of the higher cognitive faculties in Gabriele Gava’s Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the Method of Metaphysics. The aim is to assess the role that Kant’s general logic plays in these metaphysical deductions, the consequences for the analysis of the faculties, and the place of general logic in Gava’s overall theoretical analysis of Kant’s first Critique.
Green novel photometric and planar chromatographic assays of remdesivir: Comparative greenness assessment study using estimated GAPI tool versus ISO technical reported methods
Authors: Kamal Miranda F. , Abdel Moneim Mona M. , Hamdy Mohamed M. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Green assessment of analytical procedures has become an environmental obligation in equivalence to their International Council of Harmonization analytical validation obligation. Worldwide awareness of our planet and ecological hazards have raised the shades of green and sustainable chemistry in pure or formulated API assays. The Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) is instant five pentagrams for evaluating the greenness of each step in the developed analytical procedure, in discriminative colors: green, yellow, and red. In the present study, GAPI is applied to assess three novel direct analytical methods: spectrophotometric, fluorimetric, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for remdesivir (RDV) quantitation, both in bulk and pharmaceutical vials. Furthermore, a comparative green level calculated GAPI study has been assembled for the proposed methods versus the previously reported methods, for RDV assay, of similar techniques. Spectrophotometric direct Amax method at 240 nm, fluorimetric emission at 404 nm upon excitation at 275 nm as well as the HPTLC densitometric measurement using ethanol and distilled water (7:3, v/v) as mobile phase, all three methodologies are developed, optimized, and fully validated for RDV quantitation. They have been applied to assay RDV pharmaceutical vials and results are compared together with a one-way ANOVA test. Satisfactory recoveries and nano-level sensitivities in addition to the least standard deviations encourage the use of developed methods for routine analysis in quality control laboratories. Their promising greenness profile satisfies the beliefs of ecological sustainability of Green Agenda 2030.
Feature-Specific Salience Maps in Human Cortex
Authors: Thayer Daniel D. , Sprague Thomas C. 
Published: October 2023

Priority map theory is a leading framework for understanding how various aspects of stimulus displays and task demands guide visual attention. Per this theory, the visual system computes a priority map, which is a representation of visual space indexing the relative importance, or priority, of locations in the environment. Priority is computed based on both salience, defined based on image-computable properties; and relevance, defined by an individual's current goals, and is used to direct attention to the highest-priority locations for further processing. Computational theories suggest that priority maps identify salient locations based on individual feature dimensions (e.g., color, motion), which are integrated into an aggregate priority map. While widely accepted, a core assumption of this framework, the existence of independent feature dimension maps in visual cortex, remains untested. Here, we tested the hypothesis that retinotopic regions selective for specific feature dimensions (color or motion) in human cortex act as neural feature dimension maps, indexing salient locations based on their preferred feature. We used fMRI activation patterns to reconstruct spatial maps while male and female human participants viewed stimuli with salient regions defined by relative color or motion direction. Activation in reconstructed spatial maps was localized to the salient stimulus position in the display. Moreover, the strength of the stimulus representation was strongest in the ROI selective for the salience-defining feature. Together, these results suggest that feature-selective extrastriate visual regions highlight salient locations based on local feature contrast within their preferred feature dimensions, supporting their role as neural feature dimension maps.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIdentifying salient information is important for navigating the world. For example, it is critical to detect a quickly approaching car when crossing the street. Leading models of computer vision and visual search rely on compartmentalized salience computations based on individual features; however, there has been no direct empirical demonstration identifying neural regions as responsible for performing these dissociable operations. Here, we provide evidence of a critical double dissociation that neural activation patterns from color-selective regions prioritize the location of color-defined salience while minimally representing motion-defined salience, whereas motion-selective regions show the complementary result. These findings reveal that specialized cortical regions act as neural “feature dimension maps” that are used to index salient locations based on specific features to guide attention.
How highly efficient power electronics transfers high electrocaloric material performance to heat pump systems
Authors: Mönch Stefan , Reiner Richard , Waltereit Patrick , Basler Michael , Quay Rüdiger , Gebhardt Sylvia , Molin Christian , Bach David , Binninger Roland , Bartholomé Kilian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrocaloric heat pumps for cooling or heating are an emerging emission-free technology, which could replace vapor-compression systems, harmful refrigerants, and mechanical compressors by a solid-state solution with theoretically even higher coefficient of performance. Existing electrocaloric ceramics could reach around 85% of the Carnot-limit, and existing electrocaloric polymers could enable a compact and high power density system. However, the performance of published system demonstrators stays significantly below this performance, partly because of the external electronic charging loss (cyclic charging/discharging of electrocaloric capacitors). This work analyzes how the latest 99.74% ultra-efficient power electronics enables to maintain a high performance even at the system level. A first-principle analysis on material and system parameters also shows the effect of significantly different material properties of ceramics (PMN, PST) and PVDF-based polymers on system parameters. A system benchmark provides insight into system characteristics not covered by material analysis.
Graphical abstract
Content analysis of official Roman catholic church criticism towards Italian Fascism and German National Socialism in Pius XI’s encyclics
Authors: Simonov V. V. , Rosenblum E. M. 
Published: October 2023

The present article analyses Pope Pius XI’s encyclics against Italian Fascism and German National Socialism, as well as encyclics on social issues in general that touch upon the said ideologies. Among them are, respectively, Non abbiamo bisogno and Mit brennender Sorge, and Quadragesimo anno and Divini illius Magistri. Analysing their contents reveals two major avenues of criticism levelled against Italian Fascism: one, that a state cannot supersede the family in matters of the raising of children and position itself as the source of morals and an object of unconditional obedience; and two, that a state constantly projecting its authority into the private life of an individual runs contrary to freedom of association and freedom of contract inherent to it. With regards to German National Socialism, this is complemented by a third avenue expounding on the unacceptability of racism.
Use of Ultrasound-Guided Tendon Fenestration and Injection Procedures for Treatment of Tendinosis
Authors: Koehn Garrett , Jackson Lexi , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Porter Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Overuse injuries such as tendinosis are a common complaint at sports medicine clinics. When conservative management for tendinosis has failed, ultrasound-guided tendon fenestration and injection procedures such as dry needling, needling tenotomy, autologous whole blood injections, and prolotherapy can be utilized for treatment. This study examined the effectiveness of these procedures for pain improvement and ability to return to activity for patients with tendinosis.
Methods. This study included patients 15 years or older who underwent at least one treatment for tendinosis at a sports medicine clinic between January 1, 2014 through April 17, 2019. A CPT code query was used to screen patient charts for study inclusion.
Results. In total, 680 patients’ data were reviewed, and 343 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients underwent a total of 598 unique procedures. Dry needling represented most procedures (62.8%, n=375). Most patients reported diminished pain at follow up (73.0%, n=268). Prolotherapy had the highest percentage of patients reporting diminished pain (81.0%, n=17). Most patients were able to return to activity (47.4%, n=172) at follow-up. A greater proportion of patients with autologous whole blood injection were able to return to activity (60.7%, n=85).
Conclusions. Most patients with tendinosis who underwent tendon fenestration or injection procedures reported diminished pain at follow-up. Autologous whole blood injection may be more likely to diminish patient pain and allow return to activity than other procedure types. More research is needed across all anatomical sites to compare the generalized effectiveness of these procedures.
Best Practices of Instructional Leadership among Principals of Primary and Secondary Schools in Male’, Maldives
Authors: Shujau-Abdul-Raheem Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the best practices of instructional leadership among principals of primary and secondary schools in Male’, Maldives, based on teachers’ perceptions. The Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS), developed by Hallinger and Murphy (1985) and modified by Hallinger and Wang (2015), served as the instrument for data collection through a questionnaire. A total of 392 teachers from schools in Male’, Maldives, were surveyed and data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The result of the study shows that all three dimensions of instructional leadership—"defining the school mission" (mean 4.05), "managing the instructional program" (mean 3.94), and "developing a positive school learning climate" (mean 3.72)—have reached a high level in practice. The study shows that the three best practices of principals in instructional leadership are to effectively communicate the school's mission to members of the school community (dimension 'Defining the School's Mission', mean 4.12), to clarify who is responsible for coordinating the curriculum across grade levels (dimension 'Managing the Instructional Program', mean 4.29), and to encourage teachers to use class time to teach and practice new skills and concepts (dimension 'Developing a Positive School Climate', mean 4.10). It is hoped that this study will provide useful insights that will be effective in improving the instructional leadership skills of principals to improve the academic performance of students and create a world-class human capital that is comparably excellent.