bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“In vivo” intraneuronal trafficking of G protein coupled receptors in the striatum: regulation by dopaminergic and cholinergic environment
Authors: Bloch Bertrand , Bernard Véronique , Dumartin Brigitte 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe have studied “in vivo” neurochemically identified striatal neurons to analyze the localisation and the trafficking of dopamine and acetylcholine G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) (D1R, D2R, m2R and m4R) under the influence of neurotransmitter environment. We have identified receptors in tissue sections through immunohistochemical detection at the light and electron microscopic level. We have identified receptors in normal animals and after acute and chronic stimulations. We have quantified receptors through image analysis at the electron microscopic level in relation to various subcellular compartments. Our results demonstrate that, in normal conditions, GPCRs are mostly associated with plasma membrane of the striatal neurons, mostly at extra‐synaptic sites. In certain instances (m4R; D2R), receptors have prominent localisation inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Our results also show that two distinct receptors for a same neurotransmitter may have distinct subcellular localisation in a same neuronal population (m2R versus m4R) and that the same neurotransmitter receptor (m4R) can have distinct localisation in distinct neuronal populations (cytoplasm versus cell surface). After acute stimulation, cell surface receptors undergo dramatic subcellular changes that involve plasma membrane depletion, internalisation in endosomes and in multivesicular bodies. Such changes are reversible after the end of the stimulation and are blocked by antagonist action. Chronic stimulation also provokes changes in subcellular localisation with specific pattern: plasma membrane depletion, and exaggerated storage of receptors in rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually Golgi complex (D1R; m2R and m4R). Decreasing chronic receptor stimulation reverses such changes. These results demonstrate that, “in vivo”, in the striatum, GPCRs undergo complex intraneuronal trafficking under the influence of neurochemical environment in conditions that dramatically modulate the number of cell surface receptors available for interaction with neurotransmitters or drugs. This confirms that “in vivo”, the trafficking and the subcellular compartmentalization of GPCRs may contribute to regulate neuronal sensitivity and neuronal interactions in physiological, experimental and pathological conditions, including in therapeutic conditions.
Ultrastructure of auxiliary and gonimoblast cells during carposporophyte development in the red alga Cryptopleura ruprechtiana (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Delivopoulos Stylianos G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe ultrastructure sequence for the complete post‐fertilization development is described in Cryptopleura ruprechtiana (C. Agardh) Kylin, a member of the Delesseriaceae. Following fertilization the diploid nucleus is transferred to the auxiliary cell. This contains typical red algal proplastids, cytoplasmic concentric membranes, numerous small vacuoles and lipid bodies. Crystalline inclusions and virus‐like particles are also present. In addition darkly staining spherical masses possibly represent dehydrated haploid chromatin. The multinucleate auxiliary cell produces initially one large gonimoblast initial and subsequently many smaller gonimoblast initials. The first formed generative gonimoblast cell is similar in cellular structure to the auxiliary cell. Gonimoblast initials are uninucleate but through caryokinesis they become multinucleate. They undergo repeated cleavage to form more gonimoblast cells. Subsequent, centripetal cytokinesis results in the formation of clusters of gonimoblast cells. A new type structural cap or association is observed in the septal plugs that interconnect gonimoblast initials. Terminal or generative gonimoblast cells cleave to form additional gonimoblast cells. Only terminal gonimoblast cells are differentiated to carpospores.
Evolution and cell biology of dopamine receptors in vertebrates
Authors: Callier Sophie , Snapyan Marina , Le Crom Stéphane , Prou Delphine , Vincent Jean‐Didier , Vernier Philippe 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDopamine, one of main modulatory neurotransmitters of the nervous system acts on target cells through two classes of G protein‐coupled receptors, D1 and D2. The two dopamine receptor classes display different structures, interact with different regulatory partners (including heterotrimeric G proteins) and, accordingly, have independent evolutionary origins. In vertebrates, each of these receptor classes comprises several subtypes, generated by two steps of gene duplications, early in vertebrate evolution. In the D1 receptor class, the D1A, D1B, D1C and D1D subtypes, and in the D2 class, the D2, D3 et D4 receptor subtypes have been conserved in most vertebrate groups. This conservation has been driven by the acquisition, by each receptor subtype, of a small number of specific properties, which were selected for adaptive purpose in vertebrates. Among these properties, affinity for dopamine, the natural ligand, intrinsic receptor activity, and agonist‐induced desensitization clearly distinguish the receptor subtypes. In addition, each dopamine receptor subtype is addressed to a specific location within neuronal networks, although detailed information is lacking for several receptor subtypes. Receptors localization at diverse subcellular places in neurons may also differ from one subtype to another, resulting in different ways of regulating cell signalisation. One challenge for future research on dopamine and its receptors would be to identify the nature of the protein partners and the molecular mechanisms involved in localizing receptors to the neuronal plasma membrane. In this respect, the evolutionary approach we have undertaken suggests that, due to gene duplications, a reasonable degree of freedom exists in the tight organisation of dopamine receptors in neurons. This “evolvability” of dopamine systems has been instrumental to adapt the vertebrate species to nearly all the possible environments.
Adhesion of Staphylococcus to orthopaedic metals, an in vivo study
Authors: Sheehan E. , McKenna J. , Mulhall K. J. , Marks P. , McCormack D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study describes a new model of biofilm study in rabbits. The primary focus of this study was to assess biofilm adhesion to orthopaedic metals in their first 48 h in a femoral intramedullary implantation model. Two previous inoculation methods i.e. that of pre‐ and direct inoculation were studied with two bacterial isolates namely Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis, on titanium and stainless steel metallic implants. A method of sonication and log dilution/plating was used to assess biofilm bacteria adhering to implants. Silver coated metals were then compared with their respective control metals in the new model.The direct inoculation model gave larger and more reproducible biofilm adhesion to implanted metals. Staphylococcus epidermidis shows lower adhesion ability to metals, and biofilms adhere in greater numbers to stainless steel over titanium.Silver coated metals show no statistical difference over control metals when exposed to orthopaedic biofilms. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The compressive creep properties of normal and degenerated murine intervertebral discs
Authors: Palmer Erika I. , Lotz Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIdentifying mechanisms by which degeneration alters intervertebral disc material properties and biomechanical behavior is important for clarifying back pain risk factors as well as for evaluating the efficacy of novel interventions. Our goal was to quantify and characterize degeneration‐dependent changes in the disc's response to compression using a previously established murine model of disc degeneration. We performed compressive creep tests on normal and degenerated murine intervertebral discs and parameterized the biomechanical response using a previously established fluid‐transport model. Using a series of biochemical and histological assays, we sought to determine how biomechanical alterations were attributable to degeneration‐related changes in tissue morphology. We observed that with moderate degeneration, discs lost height (mean ± std. dev. of 0.44 ± 0.01 vs. 0.36 ± 0.01 mm, p < 0.0001), increased in proteoglycan content (31 ± 4 vs. 43 ± 2 μg/ml of extract, p < 0.0002), became less stiff (2.17 ± 0.66 vs. 1.56 ± 0.44 MPa, p < 0.053), and crept more. Model results suggested that the increased creep response was mainly due to a diminished strain‐dependent nuclear swelling pressure. We also noted that the model‐derived tissue properties varied with the applied load magnitude for both normal and degenerated discs. Overall, our data demonstrate that architectural remodeling stimulated by excessive loading diminishes the disc's ability to resist compression. These results are similar to degeneration‐dependent changes reported for human discs. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Osteoblast‐like cell adhesion to bone sialoprotein peptides
Authors: Rapuano B. E. , Wu C. , MacDonald D. E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA number of studies have suggested that biomimetic peptides can be used in the design of a new generation of prosthetic implants to promote the successful biointegration of the implant materials. In the current study, the in vitro bioactivities of several peptides representing RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp)‐containing sequences of bone sialoprotein (BSP) toward an osteoblast‐like cell line (MC3T3‐E1) were examined to provide insight into the molecular basis of BSP's interaction with bone cells.BSP residues 283–288, 281–290, 278–293 and 278–302 were coated on polystyrene surfaces in 96‐well non‐tissue (untreated) culture plates, and their osteoblast adhesive properties compared to intact BSP and fibronectin as positive controls. BSP peptides 278–302 and 278–293 were found to be the most potent in their adhesive activity, increasing the number of adherent cells to 350% of control levels at an added concentration of 1 μM. Since these two peptides were equivalent in potency, it is suggested that the region 294–302 beyond the RGD domain is not necessary for cell binding. In comparison, peptides 283–288 and 281–290 were only active at concentrations greater than 200 μM. 50–70% of the peptide‐stimulated adhesion was inhibited by the pretreatment of cell suspensions with solution phase RGD, suggesting that a portion of the peptides' adhesive effects was specific and integrin‐mediated, although other non‐RGD flanking regions were probably also involved in the mechanism of adhesion. Importantly, a modified BSP peptide, in which an aspartic acid residue at position 288 of the RGD sequence was replaced by a glutamic acid residue to form RGE, was completely inactive as a cell adhesion stimulus at concentrations up to 200 μM. Thus, despite the potential role of non‐RGD flanking regions, an intact RGD tripeptide was essential for all of the adhesive activity of the BSP peptides. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Differences in the fretting corrosion of metal–metal and ceramic–metal modular junctions of total hip replacements
Authors: Hallab Nadim James , Messina Carlo , Skipor Anastasia , Jacobs Joshua J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe use of modular interlocking components is a central design feature of total joint replacements. In this investigation we hypothesized that clinically available ceramic–metal modular connections used in total hip arthroplasty release more metal through fretting corrosion than traditional metal–metal modular connections. This was investigated using an in vitro comparison of ceramic (zirconia, ZrO2) and metal (Co‐alloy) femoral‐head fretting upon Co‐alloy stem components. In vitro fretting corrosion testing consisted of potentiodynamic monitoring and analysis of metal release from zirconia and Co‐alloy 28 mm femoral heads with similar surface roughnesses (Ra = 0.46 μm) on identical Co‐alloy stems at 2.2 kN for 1 × 106 cycles at 2 Hz. In contrast to our original hypothesis, we found greater metal release (approximately 11‐fold increase in Co and 3‐fold increase in Cr) and potentiodynamic fretting of metal–metal modular junctions when compared to ceramic–metal. Potentiodynamic testing demonstrated that lower initial voltages (−266 < 153 mV), greater maximum voltage changes (116 > 56 mV, p < 0.05, t‐test) and voltage variability (3 > 0.5 mV, p < 0.05, t‐test) were associated with the open circuit potentials of Co‐alloy on Co‐alloy junctions when compared to zirconia on Co‐alloy junctions. In this study of a single total hip replacement stem and head design, zirconia heads mated with Co‐alloy stems produced less fretting than Co‐alloy heads mated with Co‐alloy stems. Although further studies are necessary with a variety of implant designs and under different experimental conditions, the evidence presented here should, in part, alleviate concerns of increases in fretting corrosion at modular junctions of ceramic–metal coupled components. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The radiographic study in the relationship of the glenohumeral joint
Authors: Takase Katsumi , Yamamoto Kengo , Imakiire Atsuhiro , Burkhead Wayne Zealous 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAccurate reproduction of anatomic relationship is important in non‐constrained prosthetic arthroplasty. The accurate lateral glenohumeral offset, which indicates a parameter of the lever arm of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, is one of the most important elements in achieving the efficient shoulder functions after prosthetic reconstruction. However, to our knowledge, there has been no detailed study on the influence of minute changes in the neck shaft angle, within the normal range, on lateral glenohumeral offset. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the neck shaft angle and various geometric measurement values in the glenohumeral joint.Radiographs of 471 shoulders without osseous lesions in the glenohumeral joint and greater tuberosity were reviewed. There were 265 males and 206 females, and a mean age was 53.5 years old. The final diagnosis was impingement syndrome in 269 patients, rotator cuff tear in 147, and control group in 55 patients. Eight parameters were measured on true anteroposterior radiographs.The lateral glenohumeral offset correlated with the radius of the curvature of the humeral head and the humeral head diameter. The neck shaft angle was not correlated with the offset value. However, when the offset value was divided by the humeral head diameter, to eliminate the affection of the size of the humeral head toward the offset, a correlation was observed with the neck shaft angle. Based on these correlations, we could obtain the equation of the lateral glenohumeral offset according to the neck shaft angle. Using the equation, when the neck shaft angle is decided, the lateral glenohumeral offset can be estimated based on the correlation between the parameters, which achieve the efficient shoulder functions after prosthetic components.Therefore, inaccurate determination of the neck shaft angle in the humeral head component design and selection may induce dysfunction of the abductor muscles. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia: atypical options and NICE guidance
Authors: Mortimer Ann M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFollowing the reintroduction of clozapine, several atypical antipsychotics have become available for the treatment of schizophrenia. These drugs are at least as effective as conventional treatment. Although each has an individual pattern of affinities, new work suggests that the hallmark of atypicality is fast dissociation at the dopamine-2 receptor. Numerous novel drugs are in development, but it is not clear how these conform to this theory of therapeutic effect. Atypical antipsychotics cause less extrapyramidal side effects than conventional treatment, but other effects such as hyperprolactinaemia, weight gain, glucose dysregulation and prolonged QTc interval remain problematic for some. Current antipsychotic prescribing practice is far from ideal: the NICE guidance stresses that atypical treatments should be considered unless symptoms are well controlled and side effects are acceptable, or depot formulation is indicated. There is a welcome emphasis on drug treatment as part of an integrated package of care negotiated with patients and their carers.
Are therapeutic relationships in psychiatry explained by patients’ symptoms? Factors influencing patient ratings
Authors: McCabe R. , Priebe S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic relationship and how it is influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors.MethodThis study analysed self-ratings of the therapeutic relationship in 90 first-admitted, 72 long-term hospitalised and 41 out-patients with schizophrenia along with 249 alcoholic and 42 depressive in-patients and their association with sociodemographic and clinical variables. In all the patients, the therapeutic relationship was assessed using a simple scale based on three items.ResultsThe therapeutic relationship differed significantly across groups. It was rated most positively by alcoholic patients and least positively by long-term hospitalised schizophrenia patients. Increased observer-rated psychopathology was significantly associated with a poorer therapeutic relationship in all groups except the hospitalised schizophrenia patients. In this group, increased self-rated symptoms were associated with a poorer relationship. In multiple regression analyses, 3–28% of the relationship variance was explained by psychopathology.ConclusionsPatient ratings of the therapeutic relationship were partially explained by psychopathology, leaving the greater part of the variance to be explained by factors other than sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Dyadic adjustment in parents of schizophrenics
Authors: Espina Alberto , Ortego Asunción , Ochoa de Alda Iñigo , González Pilar 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo study the dyadic adjustment in couples with a schizophrenic offspring.Method140 married couples, 67 with a children with schizophrenia, and two control groups: 41 couples without pathology and 32 couples with pathology, were assessed with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.ResultsThe couples with a schizophrenic offspring evidenced significantly worse dyadic adjustment than did the normal controls, especially low consensus and cohesion in husbands, and low cohesion and satisfaction in wives. Anxiety and depression in mothers of schizophrenics is significantly higher than in mothers of controls.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the poor dyadic adjustment of the parents with a schizophrenic offspring could be an effect of the burden.ConclusionThe treatment on the schizophrenia should be supplemented by interventions aimed at parents’ dyadic adjustment, and mothers’ anxiety and depression, so that they can be in better conditions to help their child.
Acceptance of an intended smoking ban in an alcohol dependence clinic
Authors: Zullino Daniele Fabio , Besson Jacques , Favrat Bernard , Krenz Sonia , Zimmermann Gregoire , Schnyder Christiane , Borgeat François 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlcohol treatment professionals are often reluctant to address tobacco dependence in their patients or to implement smoke-free policies in inpatient treatment programs, fearing, among others, non-adherence to alcohol treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acceptance of an intended smoking ban in a specialized hospital for alcohol withdrawal. Fifteen of 54 patients reported that they would not begin or quit alcohol treatment if smoking were banned in the clinic, but only five would not begin or quit if nicotine replacement were available. The present study indicates that a non-smoking policy would be feasible in a Swiss alcohol clinic, without jeopardizing alcohol treatment adherence.
The day of the week effect on stock market volatility and volume: International evidence
Authors: Kiymaz Halil , Berument Hakan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study investigates the day of the week effect on the volatility of major stock market indexes for the period of 1988 through 2002. Using a conditional variance framework, we find that the day of the week effect is present in both return and volatility equations. The highest volatility occurs on Mondays for Germany and Japan, on Fridays for Canada and the United States, and on Thursdays for the United Kingdom. For most of the markets, the days with the highest volatility also coincide with that market's lowest trading volume. Thus, this paper supports the argument made by Foster and Viswanathan [Rev. Financ. Stud. 3 (1990) 593] that high volatility would be accompanied by low trading volume because of the unwillingness of liquidity traders to trade in periods of high stock market volatility.
Neurourological changes before and after radical hysterectomy in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Chuang Tien‐Yow , Yu Ken‐Jen , Penn I‐Wen , Chang Yue‐Cune , Lin Pei‐Hsin , Tsai Yun‐An 
Published: September 2003

Background.  The severity of bladder dysfunction in patients receiving radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer has been related to the delicacy and the degree of radicality of the hysterectomy. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of modified radical hysterectomy on the storage and evacuation of the lower urinary tract.Methods.  In this prospective study, 18 patients underwent radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer with FIGO stages Ia, Ib and IIa. These patients participated in a pudendal motor nerve conduction study and a urodynamic study, including urethral pressure profile (UPP), cystometry (CMG) and uroflowmetry (UFR). These were carried out at preoperative baseline and at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months following surgery. We used generalized linear models to evaluate, over time, the relationship between the different parameters marked in these profiles.Results.  The average pudendal nerve motor latency was prolonged at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery but recovered to baseline at 3 months postsurgery. Maximal urethral closing pressure revealed a tendency to decrease, and the CMG showed a significant increase in maximum intravesical filling pressure and a marked decrease in compliance throughout the investigative course. Increased residual urine volume and decreased uroflow rates were detected in a series of UFR. However, these values headed for baseline at 6 months after surgery.Conclusion.  Transient neurological changes in the majority of our patients suggested that both somatic and autonomic demyelination with or without denervation might be responsible for the temporal changes in vesicourethral function after radical hysterectomy and recovery to baseline condition within 6 months.