bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries
Authors: Krauth Luke Major , Davelaar Jordy , Haiman Zoltán , Westernacher-Schneider John Ryan , Zrake Jonathan , MacFadyen Andrew 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is expected to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole binaries (MBHB). Finding the electromagnetic (EM) counterparts for these GW events will be crucial for understanding how and where MBHBs merge, measuring their redshifts, constraining the Hubble constant and the graviton mass, and for other novel science applications. However, due to poor GW sky localization, multiwavelength, time-dependent EM models are needed to identify the right host galaxy. We studied merging MBHBs embedded in a circumbinary disc (CBD) using high-resolution two-dimensional simulations, with a Γ-law equation of state, incorporating viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling. We simulate the binary from large separation until after merger, allowing us to model the decoupling of the binary from the CBD. We compute the EM signatures and identify distinct features before, during, and after the merger. Our main result is a multiband EM signature: we find that the MBHB produces strong thermal X-ray emission until 1–2 d prior to the merger. However, as the binary decouples from the CBD, the X-ray-bright minidiscs rapidly shrink in size, become disrupted, and the accretion rate drops precipitously. As a result, the thermal X-ray luminosity drops by orders of magnitude, and the source remains X-ray dark for several days, regardless of any post-merger effects such as GW recoil or mass-loss. Looking for the abrupt spectral change where the thermal X-ray disappears is a tell-tale EM signature of LISA mergers that does not require extensive pre-merger monitoring.
An optically thin view of the flaring chromosphere: non-thermal widths in a chromospheric condensation during an X-class solar flare
Authors: Kerr Graham S , Kowalski Adam F , Allred Joel C , Daw Adrian N , Kane Melissa R 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The bulk of solar flare energy is deposited in the chromosphere. Flare ribbons and footpoints in the chromosphere therefore offer great diagnostic potential of flare energy release and transport processes. High-quality observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spacecraft have transformed our view of the Sun’s atmospheric response to flares. Since most of the chromospheric lines observed by IRIS are optically thick, forward modelling is required to fully appreciate and extract the information they carry. Reproducing certain aspects of the Mg ii lines remain frustratingly out of reach in state-of-the-art flare models, which are unable to satisfactorily reproduce the very broad-line profiles. A commonly proposed resolution to this is to assert that very large values of ‘microturbulence’ is present. We assess the validity of that approach by analysing optically thin lines in the flare chromosphere from the X-class flare SOL2014-10-25T17:08:00, using the derived value of non-thermal width as a constraint to our numerical models. A non-thermal width of the order 10 km s−1 was found within the short-lived red wing components of three spectral lines, with relatively narrow stationary components. Simulations of this flare were produced, and in the post-processing spectral synthesis we include within the downflows a microturbulence of 10 km s−1. While we can reproduce the O i 1355.598 Å line rather well, and we can capture the general shape and properties of the Mg ii line, the synthetic lines are still too narrow.
The Pristine survey – XXII. A serendipitous discovery of an extremely Li-rich very metal-poor giant and a new method of 6Li/7Li isotope measurement
Authors: Sitnova T M , Matsuno T , Yuan Z , Martin N F , Banerjee P , Sestito F , Venn K A , González Hernández J I 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the serendipitous discovery of a very metal-poor (VMP) Li-rich giant star (Teff = 4690 ± 80 K, log g = 1.34 ± 0.13, [Fe/H] = −2.43 ± 0.07). We analyse the Li i 6103 and 6707 Å lines accounting for departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) and correcting for 3D effects using literature data, which yields a lithium abundance log εLi = 3.42 ± 0.07. Comparing lithium abundances from the two lines, in 1D NLTE we measure the isotope ratio 6Li/7Li = 1.64$^{+1.49}_{-1.08}$ per cent. When correcting for 3D effects, we detect the fragile 6Li isotope at 2-sigma level and the ratio 6Li/7Li = 5.65$^{+5.05}_{-2.51}$ per cent. To our knowledge, this is the first 6Li/7Li measurement in an extremely Li-rich VMP star. The Cameron–Fowler mechanism, which is proposed to produce Li-rich stars, does not imply 6Li production and is therefore inconsistent with our measurement when applying 3D corrections. We also derive NLTE abundances for 16 elements, most of which show similar abundances to those found in VMP stars. Sodium is an exception: [Na/Fe]NLTE1D = 0.07 ± 0.03, which is 0.5 dex higher than what is typical for VMP stars. This star joins the sample of rare Li-rich VMP stars, and we offer a novel way to constrain the source of lithium in such stars through isotope ratio measurements.
deep PACO: combining statistical models with deep learning for exoplanet detection and characterization in direct imaging at high contrast
Authors: Flasseur Olivier , Bodrito Théo , Mairal Julien , Ponce Jean , Langlois Maud , Lagrange Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Direct imaging is an active research topic in astronomy for the detection and the characterization of young substellar objects. The very high contrast between the host star and its companions makes the observations particularly challenging. In this context, post-processing methods combining several images recorded with the pupil tracking mode of telescope are needed. In previous works, we have presented a data-driven algorithm, PACO, capturing locally the spatial correlations of the data with a multivariate Gaussian model. PACO delivers better detection sensitivity and confidence than the standard post-processing methods of the field. However, there is room for improvement due to the approximate fidelity of the PACO statistical model to the time evolving observations. In this paper, we propose to combine the statistical model of PACO with supervised deep learning. The data are first pre-processed with the PACO framework to improve the stationarity and the contrast. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is then trained in a supervised fashion to detect the residual signature of synthetic sources. Finally, the trained network delivers a detection map. The photometry of detected sources is estimated by a second CNN. We apply the proposed approach to several data sets from the VLT/SPHERE instrument. Our results show that its detection stage performs significantly better than baseline methods (cADI and PCA), and leads to a contrast improvement up to half a magnitude compared to PACO. The characterization stage of the proposed method performs on average on par with or better than the comparative algorithms (PCA and PACO) for angular separation above 0.5 arcsec.
On the natal kick of the black hole X-ray binary H 1705−250
Authors: Dashwood Brown Cordelia , Gandhi Poshak , Zhao Yue 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
When a compact object is formed, an impulse (kick) will be imparted to the system by the mass lost during the core-collapse supernova (SN). A number of other mechanisms may impart an additional kick on the system, although evidence for these natal kicks in black hole systems remains limited. Updated Gaia astrometry has recently identified a number of high peculiar velocity (in excess of Galactic motion) compact objects. Here, we focus on the black hole low-mass X-ray binary H 1705−250, which has a peculiar velocity $\upsilon _{\mathrm{pec}}\, =\, 221^{+101}_{-108}\, \,\mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. Using population synthesis to reconstruct its evolutionary history (assuming formation via isolated binary evolution within the Galactic plane), we constrain the properties of the progenitor and pre-SN orbit. The magnitude of a kick solely due to mass-loss is found to be ∼30 km s−1, which cannot account for the high present-day peculiar motion. We therefore deduce that the black hole received an additional natal kick at formation, and place limits on its magnitude, finding it to be ∼295 km s−1 (minimum 90 km s−1). This furthers the argument that these kicks are not limited to neutron stars.
Quantitative assessment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy after high-frequency spinal cord stimulation: a pilot study
Authors: Kissoon Narayan R , LeMahieu Allison M , Stoltenberg Anita D , Bendel Markus A , Lamer Tim J , Watson James C , Sletten David M , Singer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Randomized trials have demonstrated efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Preliminary data suggested that treatment of PDN with high-frequency SCS resulted in improvements on neurological examination. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether patients with PDN treated with high-frequency SCS would have improvements in lower-extremity peripheral nerve function.

Design
Prospective cohort study in an outpatient clinical practice at a tertiary care center.

Methods
Patients with PDN were treated with high-frequency SCS and followed up for 12 months after SCS implantation with clinical outcomes assessments of pain intensity, neuropathic symptoms, and neurological function. Small-fiber sudomotor function was assessed with the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART), and large-fiber function was assessed with nerve conduction studies (NCS). Lower-extremity perfusion was assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry.

Results
Nine patients completed 12-month follow-up visits and were observed to have improvements in lower-extremity pain, weakness, and positive sensory symptoms. Neuropathy impairment scores were improved, and 2 patients had recovery of sensory responses on NCS. A reduction in sweat volume on QSART was observed in the proximal leg but not at other sites. No significant differences were noted in lower-extremity perfusion or NCS as compared with baseline.

Conclusions
The improvement in pain relief was concordant with improvement in neuropathy symptoms. The findings from this study provide encouraging preliminary data in support of the hypothesis of a positive effect of SCS on peripheral neuropathy, but the findings are based on small numbers and require further evaluation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03769675.
Use of spinal cord stimulation in treatment of intractable headache diseases
Authors: Towne Brooke V , Girgiss Carol B , Schuster Nathaniel M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Headache diseases remain one of the leading causes of disability in the world. With the development of neuromodulation strategies, high cervical spinal cord stimulation (hcSCS) targeting the trigeminocervical complex has been deployed to treat refractory headache diseases. In this article, we review the proposed mechanism behind hcSCS stimulation, and the various studies that have been described for the successful use of this treatment strategy in patients with chronic migraine, cluster headache, and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.
Treatment of pain in length-dependent peripheral neuropathy with the use of spinal cord stimulation: a systematic review
Authors: D’Souza Ryan S , ElSaban Mariam , Martinez Alvarez Gabriel A , Jin Max Y , Kubrova Eva , Hassett Leslie C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Chronic intractable pain from peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating condition that might not respond to conventional medical management and pharmacotherapy. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess change (or reduction) in pain intensity in patients with length-dependent peripheral neuropathy after spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy.

Methods
This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary outcome was change (or reduction) in pain intensity after 12 months of SCS therapy compared with baseline in participants with length-dependent peripheral neuropathy. Secondary outcomes included change in pain intensity after 6 months and change in opioid consumption after 12 months. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines were used to appraise the quality of evidence.

Results
Nineteen studies consisting of 376 participants who underwent SCS implantation met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative synthesis revealed that all eligible studies reported a significant improvement in pain intensity after 12 months of SCS therapy as compared with baseline. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for 4 studies, all of which achieved the minimal clinically important difference for change in pain intensity at 12 months. The GRADE quality of evidence for this outcome was appraised as very low quality.

Conclusion
This systematic review highlights that SCS could lead to significant improvement in pain intensity for length-dependent peripheral neuropathy, although future well-powered randomized controlled trials are warranted to increase the certainty of evidence in this finding.

Study registration
PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) ID: CRD42022377572.
Arrhythmia-associated calmodulin variants interact with KCNQ1 to confer aberrant membrane trafficking and function
Authors: Kang Po wei , Woodbury Lucy , Angsutararux Paweorn , Sambare Namit , Shi Jingyi , Marras Martina , Abella Carlota , Bedi Anish , Zinn DeShawn , Cui Jianmin , Silva Jonathan R 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMissense variants in calmodulin (CaM) predispose patients to arrhythmias associated with high mortality rates (“calmodulinopathy”). As CaM regulates many key cardiac ion channels, an understanding of disease mechanism associated with CaM variant arrhythmias requires elucidating individual CaM variant effects on distinct channels. One key CaM regulatory target is the KCNQ1 (KV7.1) voltage-gated potassium channel that carries the IKs current. Yet, relatively little is known as to how CaM variants interact with KCNQ1 or affect its function. Here, we take a multipronged approach employing a live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer binding assay, fluorescence trafficking assay, and functional electrophysiology to characterize &gt;10 arrhythmia-associated CaM variants for effect on KCNQ1 CaM binding, membrane trafficking, and channel function. We identify one variant (G114W) that exhibits severely weakened binding to KCNQ1 but find that most other CaM variants interact with similar binding affinity to KCNQ1 when compared with CaM wild-type over physiological Ca2+ ranges. We further identify several CaM variants that affect KCNQ1 and IKs membrane trafficking and/or baseline current activation kinetics, thereby delineating KCNQ1 dysfunction in calmodulinopathy. Lastly, we identify CaM variants with no effect on KCNQ1 function. This study provides extensive functional data that reveal how CaM variants contribute to creating a proarrhythmic substrate by causing abnormal KCNQ1 membrane trafficking and current conduction. We find that CaM variant regulation of KCNQ1 is not uniform with effects varying from benign to significant loss of function, suggesting how CaM variants predispose patients to arrhythmia via the dysregulation of multiple cardiac ion channels.Classification: Biological, Health, and Medical Sciences, Physiology
Extending aquatic spectral information with the first radiometric IR-B field observations
Authors: Houskeeper Henry F , Hooker Stanford B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Planetary radiometric observations enable remote sensing of biogeochemical parameters to describe spatiotemporal variability in aquatic ecosystems. For approximately the last half century, the science of aquatic radiometry has established a knowledge base using primarily, but not exclusively, visible wavelengths. Scientific subdisciplines supporting aquatic radiometry have evolved hardware, software, and procedures to maximize competency for exploiting visible wavelength information. This perspective culminates with the science requirement that visible spectral resolution must be continually increased to extract more information. Other sources of information, meanwhile, remain underexploited, particularly information from nonvisible wavelengths. Herein, absolute radiometry is used to evaluate spectral limits for deriving and exploiting aquatic data products, specifically the normalized water-leaving radiance, Γ(λ), and its derivative products. Radiometric observations presented herein are quality assured for individual wavebands, and spectral verification is conducted by analyzing celestial radiometric results, comparing agreement of above- and in-water observations at applicable wavelengths, and evaluating consistency with bio-optical models and optical theory. The results presented include the first absolute radiometric field observations of Γ(λ) within the IR-B spectral domain (i.e. spanning 1400–3000 nm), which indicate that IR-B signals confer greater and more variable flux than formerly ascribed. Black-pixel processing, a routine correction in satellite and in situ aquatic radiometry wherein a spectrum is offset corrected relative to a nonvisible waveband (often IR-B or a shorter legacy waveband) set to a null value, is shown to degrade aquatic spectra and derived biogeochemical parameters.
Recruitment, deployment, promotion, and attrition of female officers: The impact on staffing and perceptions of police practice
Authors: Miles-Johnson Toby , Fay Suzanna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is little research examining (collectively) recruitment, deployment, promotion, and attrition of female constables in policing, and how these issues affect organizational staffing, police practice. Presenting findings from semi-structured interviews with 46 male and female constables working in an Australian State and Territories police organization, this paper argues that exclusionary staffing practices start from the onset of recruitment because female applicants are singled-out by their sex. It argues that exclusionary staffing practices for female constables occur throughout initial recruit training, during placement within a police station or area of command, whilst being deployed or not deployed to police work, and during consideration or application of promotion related processes, which increases the probability that attrition rates of female constables will be high. Unless police organizations address these issues, it is likely that the number of female constables transitioning into senior roles will remain small; thereby reducing the likelihood that police organizations will implement or achieve equitable staffing principles. It will also diminish appropriate resources needed to run an organization and have a negative impact on staffing.
Corticolimbic structural connectivity encapsulates real-world emotional reactivity and happiness
Authors: Kim Mijin , Shin Sunghyun , Jyung Mina , Choi Jong-An , Choi Incheol , Kim M. Justin , Sul Sunhae 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Emotional reactivity to everyday events predicts happiness, but the neural circuits underlying this relationship remain incompletely understood. Here, we combined experience sampling methods and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to examine the association among corticolimbic structural connectivity, real-world emotional reactivity and daily experiences of happiness from 79 young adults (35 females). Participants recorded momentary assessments of emotional and happiness experiences five times a day for a week, approximately 2 weeks after brain scanning. Model-based emotional reactivity scores, which index the degree to which moment-to-moment affective state varies with the occurrence of positive or negative events, were computed. Results showed that stronger microstructural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus and the external capsule was associated with both greater positive and negative emotional reactivity scores. The relationship between these fiber tracts and experienced happiness was explained by emotional reactivity. Importantly, this indirect effect was observed for emotional reactivity to positive but not negative real-world events. Our findings suggest that the corticolimbic circuits supporting socioemotional functions are associated with emotional reactivity and happiness in the real world.
Neural correlates of successful emotion recognition in healthy elderly: a multimodal imaging study
Authors: Orlando Isabella , Ricci Carlo , Griffanti Ludovica , Filippini Nicola 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ageing process is associated with reduced emotional recognition (ER) performance. The ER ability is an essential part of non-verbal communication, and its role is crucial for proper social functioning. Here, using the ‘Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort sample’, we investigated when ER, measured using a facial emotion recognition test, begins to consistently decrease along the lifespan. Moreover, using structural and functional MRI data, we identified the neural correlates associated with ER maintenance in the age groups showing early signs of ER decline (N = 283; age range: 58–89 years). The ER performance was positively correlated with greater volume in the superior parietal lobule, higher white matter integrity in the corpus callosum and greater functional connectivity in the mid-cingulate area. Our results suggest that higher ER accuracy in older people is associated with preserved gray and white matter volumes in cognitive or interconnecting areas, subserving brain regions directly involved in emotional processing.
Role of medial prefrontal cortex and primary somatosensory cortex in self and other-directed vicarious social touch: a TMS study
Authors: Bellard Ashleigh , Trotter Paula D , McGlone Francis L , Cazzato Valentina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conflicting evidence points to the contribution of several key nodes of the ‘social brain’ to the processing of both discriminatory and affective qualities of interpersonal touch. Whether the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), two brain areas vital for tactile mirroring and affective mentalizing, play a functional role in shared representations of C-tactile (CT) targeted affective touch is still a matter of debate. Here, we used offline continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) to mPFC, S1 and vertex (control) prior to participants providing ratings of vicarious touch pleasantness for self and others delivered across several body sites at CT-targeted velocities. We found that S1-cTBS led to a significant increase in touch ratings to the self, with this effect being positively associated to levels of interoceptive awareness. Conversely, mPFC-cTBS reduced pleasantness ratings for touch to another person. These effects were not specific for CT-optimal (slow) stroking velocities, but rather they applied to all types of social touch. Overall, our findings challenge the causal role of the S1 and mPFC in vicarious affective touch and suggest that self- vs other-directed vicarious touch responses might crucially depend on the specific involvement of key social networks in gentle tactile interactions.