bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Admixture analysis of age at onset in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: DELORME RICHARD , GOLMARD JEAN-LOUIS , CHABANE NADIA , MILLET BRUNO , KREBS MARIE-ODILE , MOUREN-SIMEONI MARIE CHRISTINE , LEBOYER MARION 
Published: January 2005

Background. Age at onset (AAO) has been useful to explore the clinical, neurobiological and genetic heterogeneity of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, none of the various thresholds of AAO used in previous studies have been validated, and it remains an unproven notion that AAO is a marker for different subtypes of OCD. If AAO is a clinical indicator of different biological subtypes, then subgroups based on distinct AAOs should have separate normal distributions as well as different clinical characteristics.Method. Admixture analysis was used to determine the best-fitting model for the observed AAO of 161 OCD patients.Results. The observed distribution of AAO in OCD is a mixture of two Gaussian distributions with mean ages of 11·1±4·1 and 23·5±11·1 years. The first distribution, defined by early-onset OCD, had increased frequency of Tourette's syndrome and increased family history of OCD. The second distribution, defined by late-onset OCD, showed elevated prevalence of general anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder.Conclusions. These results, based on a statistically validated AAO cut-off and those of previous studies on AAO in OCD, suggest that AAO is a crucial phenotypic characteristic in understanding the genetic basis of this disorder.
Panic attacks and the risk of personality disorder
Authors: GOODWIN RENEE D. , BROOK JUDITH S. , COHEN PATRICIA 
Published: January 2005

Objective. The goal of this study is to determine the association between panic attacks in adolescence and the risk of personality disorders during young adulthood.Method. Data were drawn from the Children in the Community Study, a longitudinal epidemiological study of psychopathology across the life-course in 717 individuals in the community. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between panic attacks during adolescence in 1983 and the risk of personality disorders during young adulthood in 1993, adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, adolescent personality disorders, and co-morbid depressive and substance use disorders.Results. Panic attacks during adolescence (in 1983) were associated with an increased risk of any DSM-IV personality disorder (in 1993) during young adulthood, which persisted after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, adolescent personality disorders, and co-morbid depressive and substance use disorders. Panic attacks were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of Cluster A, B, and C personality disorders.Conclusions. These data provide initial evidence that panic attacks early in life are a marker or risk factor for the development of personality disorders in young adulthood. Replication of these findings is needed, as is more in-depth investigation into the mechanism of this link. If replicated in future research, these results may reveal a novel potential pathway for identifying youth at high risk for personality disorders.
The social re-orientation of adolescence: a neuroscience perspective on the process and its relation to psychopathology
Authors: NELSON ERIC E. , LEIBENLUFT ELLEN , McCLURE ERIN B. , PINE DANIEL S. 
Published: January 2005

Background. Many changes in social behavior take place during adolescence. Sexuality and romantic interests emerge during this time, and adolescents spend more time with peers and less time with parents and family. While such changes in social behavior have been well documented in the literature, relatively few neurophysiological explanations for these behavioral changes have been presented.Method. In this article we selectively review studies documenting (a) the neuronal circuits that are dedicated to the processing of social information; (b) the changes in social behavior that take place during adolescence; (c) developmental alterations in the adolescent brain; and (d) links between the emergence of mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence and changes in brain physiology occurring at that time.Results. The convergence of evidence from this review indicates a relationship between development of brain physiology and developmental changes in social behavior. Specifically, the surge of gonadal steroids at puberty induces changes within the limbic system that alters the emotional attributions applied to social stimuli while the gradual maturation of the prefrontal cortex enables increasingly complex and controlled responses to social information.Conclusions. Observed alterations in adolescent social behavior reflect developmental changes in the brain social information processing network. We further speculate that dysregulation of the social information processing network in this critical period may contribute to the onset of mood and anxiety disorders during adolescence.
Evil: theodicy or resistance?
Authors: Felderhof Marius C. 
Published: January 2005

The thinker who approaches the problem of evil theoretically will conceive of the issue differently from one who approaches it practically. He will also differ on what would constitute a satisfactory ‘solution’. One looks for a logical coherence in theism, the other for consolation and the elimination of evil. The theoretical approach, it is argued, actually subverts the thinker morally and religiously. In the face of intractable evil, a theological suggestion that evil is a dark mystery is also rejected in favour of a more practical and constructive approach. It requires an active resistance to evil and then finds consolation in the consequent unity with the Holy Will that opposes all evil.The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it. Marx's Theses on Feuerbach, no. 11
French interlanguage oral corpora: recent developments
Authors: RULE SARAH 
Published: January 2005

The raw data for any second language acquisition research, namely interlanguage corpora, are one of our most expensive resources to collect. New methodologies now make it relatively easy to share this resource, by storing digitised soundfiles and transcripts on the Internet, thus making oral interlanguage corpora accessible to other L2 researchers.The article first discusses the possibilities offered by new methodologies, in terms of data storage, management and data analysis, and it then presents current efforts to develop web-based access to French oral interlanguage corpora of learners at different levels and with different backgrounds.Finally, the article presents a short inventory of the French interlanguage oral corpora currently available, indicating in each case the author and main outputs to date, as well as providing information about the learners, the format of the corpus (e.g. longitudinal versus cross-sectional data; transcription conventions) and its accessibility to users.
Virus factories: associations of cell organelles for viral replication and morphogenesis
Authors: Novoa Reyes R. , Calderita Gloria , Arranz Rocío , Fontana Juan , Granzow Harald , Risco Cristina 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGenome replication and assembly of viruses often takes place in specific intracellular compartments where viral components concentrate, thereby increasing the efficiency of the processes. For a number of viruses the formation of ‘factories’ has been described, which consist of perinuclear or cytoplasmic foci that mostly exclude host proteins and organelles but recruit specific cell organelles, building a unique structure. The formation of the viral factory involves a number of complex interactions and signalling events between viral and cell factors. Mitochondria, cytoplasmic membranes and cytoskeletal components frequently participate in the formation of viral factories, supplying basic and common needs for key steps in the viral replication cycle.
Early and delayed aspects of nuclear reprogramming during cloning
Authors: Latham Keith E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe successful production of viable progeny following adult somatic cell nuclear transfer (cloning) provides exciting new opportunities for basic research for investigating early embryogenesis, for the propagation of valuable or endangered animals, for the production of genetically engineered animals, and possibly for developing therapeutically valuable stem cells. Successful cloning requires efficient reprogramming of gene expression to silence donor cell gene expression and activate an embryonic pattern of gene expression. Recent observations indicate that reprogramming may be initiated by early events that occur soon after nuclear transfer, but then continues as development progresses through cleavage and probably to gastrulation. Because reprogramming is slow and progressive, cloned embryos have dramatically altered characteristics in comparison with fertilized embryos. Events that occur early following nuclear transfer may be essential prerequisites for the later events. Additionally, the later reprogramming events may be inhibited by sub‐optimum culture environments that exist because of the altered characteristics of cloned embryos. By addressing the unique requirements of cloned embryos, the entire process of reprogramming may be accelerated, thus increasing cloning efficiency.
Cross-sectional study of complement C3 as a coronary risk factor among men and women
Authors: ONAT Altan , UZUNLAR Bülent , HERGENÇ Gülay , YAZICI Mehmet , SARI Ibrahim , UYAREL Hüseyin , CAN Günay , SANSOY Vedat 
Published: January 2005

In the present study, we examined (i) whether C3 (complement C3) was an independent marker of prevalent CHD (coronary heart disease), and (ii) which preferential associations existed between C3 and some cardiovascular risk factors when jointly analysed with CRP (C-reactive protein) and fibrinogen. In a cohort of 756 unselected adults, 39% of whom had the metabolic syndrome, C3 and other risk variables were evaluated in a cross-sectional manner. In a logistic regression model for the likelihood of CHD, a significant OR (odds ratio) of 3.5 [95% CI (confidence intervals), 1.27 and 9.62)] for C3 was obtained after adjustment for smoking status, TC (total cholesterol) and usage of statins. A similar model, also comprising systolic blood pressure, with a cut-off point of ≥1.6 g/l C3 exhibited a 1.9-fold risk (95% CI, 1.01 and 3.58) compared with individuals below the cut-off point. Both analyses displayed an adjusted OR of 1.37 for each S.D. increment in C3. The significant relationship of C3 with a likelihood of CHD also proved to be independent of CRP. In multiple linear regression models, associations were tested for each acute-phase protein with measures of obesity, fasting insulin, triacylglycerols (triglycerides), TC, HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, physical activity, smoking status, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and family income. When both genders were combined, C3 was independently associated with serum triacylglycerols, waist circumference, BMI (body mass index) and TC. CRP was independently associated with waist circumference, TC, family income (inversely) and physical activity, and fibrinogen with BMI, TC, smoking status and metabolic syndrome. In summary, elevated levels of complement C3 are associated with an increased likelihood of CHD independent of standard risk factors and regardless of the presence of acute coronary events, suggesting that C3 might be actively involved in coronary atherothrombosis. Unlike CRP and fibrinogen, C3 was preferentially associated with waist girth and serum triacylglycerols.
The baseleaf preserving mapping class group of the universal hyperbolic solenoid
Authors: Odden Chris 
Published: January 2005

Given a closed surface

X
X

, the covering solenoid

X

∞

\mathbf {X}_\infty

is by definition the inverse limit of all finite covering surfaces over

X
X

. If the genus of

X
X

is greater than one, then there is only one homeomorphism type of covering solenoid; it is called the universal hyperbolic solenoid. In this paper we describe the topology of

Γ
(

X

∞

)

\Gamma (\mathbf {X}_\infty )

, the mapping class group of the universal hyperbolic solenoid. Central to this description is the notion of a virtual automorphism group. The main result is that there is a natural isomorphism of the baseleaf preserving mapping class group of

X

∞

\mathbf {X}_\infty

onto the virtual automorphism group of

π
1

(
X
,
∗
)

\pi _1(X,*)

. This may be regarded as a genus independent generalization of the theorem of Dehn, Nielsen, Baer, and Epstein that the pointed mapping class group

Γ
(
X
,
∗
)

\Gamma (X,*)

is isomorphic to the automorphism group of

π
1

(
X
,
∗
)

\pi _1(X,*)

.
Mansfield’s imprimitivity theorem for full crossed products
Authors: Kaliszewski S. , Quigg John 
Published: January 2005

For any maximal coaction

(
A
,
G
,
δ
)

(A,G,\delta )

and any closed normal subgroup

N
N

of

G
G

, there exists an imprimitivity bimodule

Y

G

/

N

G

(
A
)

Y_{G/N}^G(A)

between the full crossed product

A

×
δ

G

×

δ
^

|

N

A\times _\delta G\times _{\widehat \delta |}N

and

A

×

δ

|

G

/

N

A\times _{\delta |}G/N

, together with

Inf
⁡

δ
^

|

^

−

δ

dec

\operatorname {Inf}\widehat {\widehat \delta |}-\delta ^{\text {dec}}

compatible coaction

δ
Y

\delta _Y

of

G
G

. The assignment

(
A
,
δ
)
↦
(

Y

G

/

N

G

(
A
)
,

δ
Y

)

(A,\delta )\mapsto (Y_{G/N}^G(A),\delta _Y)

implements a natural equivalence between the crossed-product functors “

×
G
×
N

{}\times G\times N

” and “

×
G

/

N

{}\times G/N

”, in the category whose objects are maximal coactions of

G
G

and whose morphisms are isomorphism classes of right-Hilbert bimodule coactions of

G
G

.
Small deviations of weighted fractional processes and average non–linear approximation
Authors: Lifshits Mikhail , Linde Werner 
Published: January 2005

We investigate the small deviation problem for weighted fractional Brownian motions in

L
q

L_q

–norm,

1
≤
q
≤
∞

1\le q\le \infty

. Let

B
H

B^H

be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index

0
>
H
>
1

0>H>1

. If

1

/

r
:=
H
+
1

/

q

1/r:=H+1/q

, then our main result asserts
\[

lim

ε
→
0

ε

1

/

H

log
⁡

P

(

‖

ρ

B
H

‖

L
q

(
0
,
∞
)

>
ε

)

=
−
c
(
H
,
q
)
⋅

‖

ρ

‖

L
r

(
0
,
∞
)

1

/

H

,

\lim _{\varepsilon \to 0} \varepsilon ^{1/H}\log \mathbb {P}\left ({\left \|{\rho \,B^H}\right \|_{L_q(0,\infty )}>\varepsilon } \right ) = -c(H,q)\cdot \left \|{\rho }\right \|_{L_r(0,\infty )}^{1/H},

\]
provided the weight function

ρ
\rho

satisfies a condition slightly stronger than the

r
r

–integrability. Thus we extend earlier results for Brownian motion, i.e.

H
=
1

/

2

H=1/2

, to the fractional case. Our basic tools are entropy estimates for fractional integration operators, a non–linear approximation technique for Gaussian processes as well as sharp entropy estimates for

l
q

l_q

–sums of linear operators defined on a Hilbert space.
Existence and asymptotic behavior for a singular parabolic equation
Authors: Dávila Juan , Montenegro Marcelo 
Published: January 2005

We prove global existence of nonnegative solutions to the singular parabolic equation

u
t

−
Δ
u
+

χ

{
u
>
0
}

(
−

u

−
β

+
λ
f
(
u
)
)
=
0

u_t -\Delta u + \chi _{ \{ u>0 \} } ( -u^{-\beta } + \lambda f(u) )=0

in a smooth bounded domain

Ω
⊂

R

N

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N

with zero Dirichlet boundary condition and initial condition

u
0

∈
C
(
Ω
)

u_0 \in C(\Omega )

,

u
0

≥
0

u_0 \geq 0

. In some cases we are also able to treat

u
0

∈

L
∞

(
Ω
)

u_0 \in L^\infty (\Omega )

. Then we show that if the stationary problem admits no solution which is positive a.e., then the solutions of the parabolic problem must vanish in finite time, a phenomenon called “quenching”. We also establish a converse of this fact and study the solutions with a positive initial condition that leads to uniqueness on an appropriate class of functions.
Characterization of bovine FAS‐associated death domain gene1
Authors: Szperka M. E. , Connor E. E. , Paape M. J. , Williams J. L. , Bannerman D. D. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe FAS‐associated death domain (FADD) protein is an adapter/signaling molecule that has been shown to function in human cells to promote apoptosis and to inhibit NF‐κB activation. Because of the critical role that apoptosis and NF‐κB play in a variety of disease states, we mapped the bovine FADD gene, sequenced bovine FADD cDNA, and characterized its expression in endothelial cells (EC). Sequencing of bovine FADD revealed approximately 65 and 58% amino acid sequence identity to its human and murine homologues, respectively. Bovine FADD was mapped to chromosome 29 by radiation hybrid mapping. In addition, the functionality of bovine FADD was studied. Expression of a bovine FADD dominant‐negative construct blocked bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ and TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis in bovine EC consistent with previous studies of human FADD. In contrast to human FADD, elevated expression of bovine FADD had no effect on LPS‐ or TNF‐α‐induced upregulation of NF‐κB‐dependent gene products as assayed by E‐selectin expression. Thus, while the role of FADD in mediating apoptosis is conserved across species, its role in regulating NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression is not.
Detection of quantitative trait loci for androstenone, skatole and boar taint in a cross between Large White and Meishan pigs
Authors: Lee G. J. , Archibald A. L. , Law A. S. , Lloyd S. , Wood J. , Haley C. S. 
Published: January 2005

Summary‘Boar taint’ is a strong perspiration‐like, urine‐like unpleasant odour given off upon heating or cooking of meat from some intact (uncastrated) male pigs. Data from the F2 generation of a Large White (LW) × Meishan (MS) crossbred population were analysed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for traits associated with boar taint. Fat samples from 178 intact male pigs slaughtered at 85 ± 5 kg were analysed for the major contributors to boar taint (androstenone, indole and skatole). Fat and lean samples from cooked meat were scored for boar, abnormal and pork flavour and odour by a trained sensory panel (SP). A scan with 117 markers covering the whole genome was performed in the F2 individuals, together with their F1 parents and purebred grandparents. At the 5% chromosomal significance threshold (approximately equal to the genome‐wide suggestive significance threshold), QTL were detected for the laboratory estimate of androstenone on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9. However, only on chromosome 6 were there QTL for boar flavour (BF) traits in the same or adjacent marker intervals as a QTL for the laboratory estimate of androstenone. On chromosome 14, QTL were detected for the laboratory estimates of indole and skatole, the SP score for skatole and the scores for BF in lean and BF in fat. In all five cases, the MS allele generally increased the estimate or score, compared with the LW allele, but it appeared that desirable and undesirable alleles were present in both breeds. This locus on chromosome 14 has considerable potential for use to reduce the incidence of boar taint, especially if further research can identify the causative polymorphism or strongly associated markers.
Using mitochondrial nucleotide sequences to investigate diversity and genealogical relationships within common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Thai B. T. , Burridge C. P. , Pham T. A. , Austin C. M. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryDirect sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D‐loop (745 bp) and MTATPase6/MTATPase8 (857 bp) regions was used to investigate genetic variation within common carp and develop a global genealogy of common carp strains. The D‐loop region was more variable than the MTATPase6/MTATPase8 region, but given the wide distribution of carp the overall levels of sequence divergence were low. Levels of haplotype diversity varied widely among countries with Chinese, Indonesian and Vietnamese carp showing the greatest diversity whereas Japanese Koi and European carp had undetectable nucleotide variation. A genealogical analysis supports a close relationship between Vietnamese, Koi and Chinese Color carp strains and to a lesser extent, European carp. Chinese and Indonesian carp strains were the most divergent, and their relationships do not support the evolution of independent Asian and European lineages and current taxonomic treatments.
Mapping and association studies of diabetes related genes in the pig
Authors: Otieno C. J. , Bastiaansen J. , Ramos A. M. , Rothschild M. F. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe mitogen‐activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), resistin (RETN), 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform 1 (HSD11B1) and protein kinase B Akt2 (AKT2) genes are all genes known to affect insulin signalling and have been implicated in the progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. In this study, polymorphisms in the porcine diabetes related MAPK8, RETN, HSD11B1 and AKT2 genes were identified, mapped and their associations with phenotypic measurements in swine were analysed. Polymorphisms detected in the MAPK8, RETN and HSD11B1 loci were used to genotype a Berkshire–Yorkshire pig breed reference family. Using linkage analysis, RETN, HSD11B1 and MAPK8 genes were mapped to pig chromosomes 2, 9 and 14, respectively, while the AKT2 gene was physically mapped to pig chromosome 6q21. Results presented here suggest associations between the polymorphisms in the MAPK8, RETN and HSD11B1 genes with several phenotypic measurements, including fat deposition traits in the pig. Because these genes have been implicated in obesity and diabetes in humans, and this study suggests associations with fat related traits, further research on these genes in swine may provide useful information on genetic factors underlying lean pork production.
Genetic variation within and among domesticated Atlantic salmon broodstocks in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Withler R. E. , Supernault K. J. , Miller K. M. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryAtlantic salmon have been reared in the British Columbia, Canada aquaculture industry since the early 1980s. No breeding programmes spanned the entire production period and pedigree records were not kept for broodstocks prior to or since importation. Of the three recognized industry strains, two are of European ancestry (‘Mowi’ from Norway and ‘McConnell’ from Scotland) and one is of North American heritage (‘Cascade’ from Gaspé, Quebec). We evaluated the amount and distribution of genetic variation within industry broodstocks by surveying microsatellite variation at 11 loci in 20 broodstock groups sampled from major production facilities. Allelic richness averaged 10.9 (range 5.8–13.8), compared with a value of 20.3 obtained for a North American wild population. Pairwise genetic distances (DS) between samples within strains were generally less than those between strains, with samples attributed to the same strain clustering together in a neighbour‐joining dendrogram. Nevertheless, average distances between samples within the European strains were high (0.41 for Mowi; 0.71 for McConnell) but lower (0.06) for the Cascade strain. The reduced intra‐sample and increased intra‐strain genetic variation observed for the BC domesticated samples compared with wild populations was similar to observations for European domesticated Atlantic salmon. Evidence of introgression of the Cascade strain into European broodstocks was provided by the presence of large Ssa202 alleles (confined to North America in wild populations) in some Mowi and McConnell samples. Introgression likely also contributed to the decreased intercontinental genetic distance for the domesticated samples of this study compared with that observed for wild populations.