bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐year follow up of selective laser trabeculoplasty in Chinese eyes
Authors: Lai Jimmy SM , Chua John KH , Tham Clement CY , Lam Dennis SC 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Purpose: To study the effectiveness and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Chinese eyes. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical study in which 58 eyes of 29 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were included. One eye of each patient was randomized to receive SLT (Group 1) and the fellow eyes received medical treatment (Group 2). Patients were evaluated after laser treatment at 2 h, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and then yearly. Results: All patients (13 male, 16 female) were Chinese. The mean age was 51.9 ± 14.7 years. The mean baseline intraocular pressure was 26.8 ± 5.6 mmHg in group 1 and 26.2 ± 4.2 mmHg in group 2 (P = 0.62). The failure rate, defined as intraocular pressure >21 mmHg with maximal medications, was 17.2% in group 1 and 27.6% in group 2 at 5‐year follow‐up (P = 0.53). Eight eyes (27.6%) in group 1 required medications to control the intraocular pressure to below 21 mmHg. There was no statistically significant difference in the intraocular pressure reductions between the two groups at all time intervals (P > 0.05). The mean number of antiglaucoma medications was significantly lower in the SLT than the medical treatment group up to 5 years of follow up (P < 0.001). Transient post‐SLT intraocular pressure spike >5 mmHg was observed in three eyes (10.3%). Conclusion: With fewer medications, SLT gives similar intraocular pressure reduction to medical therapy alone in Chinese patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Short‐term effect of latanoprost on ocular circulation in ocular hypertension
Authors: Akarsu Cengiz , Bilgili Yasemin Karadeniz , Taner Pelin , Ünal Birsen , Ergin Ahmet 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Purpose: To determine the short‐term effects of latanoprost on retrobulbar circulation in ocular hypertension. Methods: Forty‐six eyes of 23 consecutive bilateral ocular hypertensive patients with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of greater than 22 mmHg were evaluated in a prospective controlled study. All subjects received a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% in one eye and placebo in the fellow control eye. Systemic circulatory parameters, intraocular pressure, blood flow velocities, and resistance indices of the ophthalmic, short posterior ciliary and central retinal arteries were measured using colour Doppler imaging at baseline and 2 h and 8 h after dosing. Results: Latanoprost lowered IOP significantly after 2 h and 8 h (P < 0.01). The mean IOP reduction was 6.7 mmHg 8 h after dosing. At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences in any retrobulbar vessels of eyes that received a single drop of latanoprost when compared with the eyes that received placebo (P > 0.05). Comparisons with baseline and latanoprost conditions revealed that latanoprost did not alter the blood flow velocities and resistance indices in the ophthalmic (P > 0.05), posterior ciliary (P > 0.05) and central retinal (P > 0.05) arteries 2 h and 8 h after dosing. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P = 0.74, P = 0.29, respectively) and pulse rate (P = 0.68) remained unchanged over the 8‐h period. Conclusions: This study found that a single drop of latanoprost significantly reduces intraocular pressure 8 h after dosing. However, it does not have any short‐term effects on the retrobulbar haemodynamics in ocular hypertensive eyes.
Systemic and ocular comorbidity of cataract surgical patients in a western Sydney public hospital
Authors: Pham Thuan Quoc , Wang Jie Jin , Rochtchina Elena , Maloof Anthony , Mitchell Paul 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess the frequency of major systemic and ocular comorbidities among cataract surgical patients attending a large general public hospital. Methods: Consecutive patients aged 60+ years who had undergone cataract surgery at Westmead Hospital from July 2001 to December 2002 were included. Preoperative information was obtained from patient medical records. Results: A total of 773 cataract surgical procedures were performed during the 18‐month period, including 668 (86.4%) aged 60+ years. Complete data were available for 653 eyes (97.8%); 62.2% were women. The mean age at surgery was 74.6 (± 7.2) years. Frequent systemic comorbidities included: angina (20.2%), previous myocardial infarct (15.0%), diabetes (27.5%) and hypertension (56.3%); 12.5% were current smokers. Major preoperative ocular comorbidities included age‐related maculopathy (12.6%), diabetic retinopathy (9.0%) and glaucoma (10.6%). Preoperatively, 21.7% of this group had severe visual impairment (visual acuity [VA] <6/60), 30.6% had moderate impairment (VA <6/24 −≥6/60) and 30.6% had mild impairment (VA <6/12 −≥6/24); 28.5% had presenting VA ≥6/12. Conclusion: The data indicate a high frequency of comorbid systemic and ocular diseases among cataract surgical patients.
Cataract surgery in Australia: a profile of patient‐centred outcomes
Authors: Pager Chet K , McCluskey Peter J , Retsas Con 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Background: Few studies have addressed quality of life or satisfaction outcomes for patients undergoing cataract surgery, particularly in Australia. The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of patients undergoing cataract surgery in typical metropolitan practices in Sydney, with a particular focus on the impact upon quality of life and satisfaction with vision. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients were recruited prior to surgery and followed through 3 months postoperatively. Patients reported basic demographic information, VF‐14 visual disability and SF‐36 quality of life information, along with the degree of satisfaction and trouble with vision they experienced. Surgeons’ records provided information about type and severity of cataract, refractive error, ocular comorbidity and visual acuity. Results: Patients enjoyed strongly significant improvement in visual acuity, disability, trouble and satisfaction with vision, with a median postoperative Snellen acuity of 6/7.5, and 82% within 1 D refraction. Not wearing glasses was the most commonly stated patient goal for undergoing surgery. Prior to surgery 23% of all driving patients did so illegally due to poor vision; after surgery 21% of non‐drivers began driving again, all legally. Nonetheless, quality of life did not improve. Those who failed to achieve improvements in satisfaction with vision were more likely to be female, have lower educational attainment or have high visual function preoperatively. Change in visual acuity was not predictive. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate that cataract surgery outcomes in Australia compare well with international standards, and emphasize the inadequacy of visual acuity to measure relevant surgical outcomes. Increased preoperative counselling may be required in those groups less likely to attain high levels of satisfaction. Finally, the role of cataract surgery to improve quality of life must be investigated further, as this is the ultimate goal of the procedure.
Photoscreening for diabetic retinopathy: a comparison of image quality between film photography and digital imaging
Authors: Klais Christina MC , Grupchev Ivan D , McGhee Charles NJ , Donaldson Mark L 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Purpose: Retinal images from patients attending an urban screening centre before and after the transition from film photography to digital image acquisition were analysed for quality of image. Methods: A total of 1946 diabetic patients, aged 12−92 years (mean 55.6 ± 14.88 years), were included in this retrospective study of retinal screening techniques. Each imaging group was subdivided into age‐matched groups. In all subjects pupils were pharmacologically dilated before photography. The images were reviewed by the same three experienced observers and graded at the time of screening from grade 1 (excellent quality) to grade 4 (unreadable). Results: Of 938 patients in the film group, 31.3% had excellent images, 38.2% good, 22.7% poor and 7.8% were unreadable. Of the 1008 patients in the digital imaging group, 25.3% had excellent images, 46.3% good, 14.6% poor and 13.8% were unreadable. A significant difference was observed in patients over 65 years of age who exhibited a threefold increase in failure rate with digital imaging (33.7% v 11.3%)(P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In this study population a statistically significant degradation of image quality was observed in those older than 65 years following transition to digital photography. This has implications for service provision planning.
Auckland Proliferative Diabetic Vitrectomy Fellow Eye Study
Authors: Vote Brendan J , Gamble Greg D , Polkinghorne Philip J 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Background: To review medical and ophthalmic findings of primary diabetic vitrectomy patients to examine indices important in progression to fellow eye surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all diabetic patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery at Auckland Public Hospital between January 1992 and July 1996. Kaplan−Meier survival analysis was performed along with univariate and multivariate (Cox Proportional Hazards) data analysis. Results: One hundred and fourteen primary diabetic vitrectomy cases were reviewed with mean follow‐up duration of 4 years. Thirty‐eight per cent (n = 43) of the study group underwent fellow eye surgery at a mean time of 1.6 years after first eye surgery. Fourteen patients were already blind in the fellow eye at baseline, and five patients refused second eye surgery on intention to treat. Thus there were 62 (54%) patients with severe (surgical threshold) fellow eye disease diagnosed within the follow‐up period. The presence of either tractional retinal detachment or combined rhegmatogenous/tractional retinal detachment but without vitreous haemorrhage in the presenting eye was, in this series, a risk factor for fellow eye surgery (OR 5.56; 95% CI 1.96−15.8). Maori and Pacific Islander ethnicity was significantly associated with traction retinal detachment (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.05−4.7). At data analysis 57% (n = 60) of the study patients had died. The mean time to death was 4.3 years, with 84% of these patients having evidence of renal disease at the time of their first eye surgery. Good visual function in at least one eye was maintained in many patients. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of diabetic vitrectomy patients require fellow eye surgery. Absence of vitreous haemorrhage in the presenting eye (i.e. tractional or combined rhegmatogenous/tractional retinal detachments but without vitreous haemorrhage) was predictive of need for fellow eye surgery. The need for diabetic vitrectomy correlates with poor survival in this study population.
Determination of relative contribution of the superior and inferior canaliculi to the lacrimal drainage system in health using the drop test
Authors: Murgatroyd Helen , Craig Jennifer P , Sloan Brian 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the use of the ‘drop test’ as a method of assessing maximal lacrimal outflow capacity, and to measure the relative contribution of the superior and inferior canaliculi to the drainage capacity in normal subjects. Method: The drop test involves instilling measured aliquots of normal saline over 3‐min periods to raise the tear lake medially. Both eyes were assessed; however, for the right lacrimal drainage system only, sequential insertion and then removal of silicone punctal plugs was performed. After each stage the maximal lacrimal drainage capacity was measured. No punctal plugs were placed in the puncta on the left side. Results: Complete data were collected from 20 subjects with a mean age of 35.6 years. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the five left eye readings was 0.98 (CI 0.96−0.99) and the limits of agreement of a single reading were −22.6 to +93.0 µL/3 min. Without intervention, no statistically significant difference was found in the mean lacrimal outflow between the left and right eyes (P = 0.16). A statistically significant reduction in outflow resulted from punctal occlusion (P < 0.05). Presenting the proportion of lacrimal outflow as a percentage of the combined values of the superior and inferior canaliculi, 59.9% of outflow occurred through the inferior canaliculus. Conclusion: The drop test was found to provide a simple and repeatable method of assessing lacrimal drainage in a minimally invasive manner in the clinical setting. In healthy volunteers in the supine position 60% of maximal lacrimal outflow capacity occurs through the inferior canaliculus.
Anti‐GM1 antibodies: the cause of otherwise unexplained ophthalmoplegias?
Authors: Kowal Lionel , Gajus Michelle Andrea , Kornberg Andrew J 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Purpose: To report four patients with otherwise unexplained ophthalmoplegia who were found to have elevated levels of anti‐GM1 antibodies. Methods: Retrospective chart evaluation of 50 consecutive patients with otherwise unexplained ophthalmoparesis. All patients were tested for anti‐GM1 antibodies. Results: Six out of 50 cases (12%) were found to have elevated anti‐GM1 antibodies, far greater than the 2.7% found in the general population. Four of the subjects with elevated anti‐GM1 antibodies are reported. Conclusion: Although the mechanism and relationship between the neural antibodies and ophthalmoparesis is not understood, it is proposed that the presence of anti‐GM1 antibodies should be considered in cases of otherwise unexplained ophthalmoplegia.
Pseudogerontoxon
Authors: Jeng Bennie H , Whitcher John P , Margolis Todd P 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPseudogerontoxon is a lesion that resembles a small segment of arcus senilis or gerontoxon and is seen in many individuals with limbal vernal or atopic keratoconjunctivitis. It is an important clinical finding because pseudogerontoxon is often times the only clinical evidence of previous allergic eye disease. To the authors’ knowledge, pseudogerontoxon has only rarely been mentioned, and has never been pictured, in the peer‐reviewed literature. Three examples are presented of this important clinical entity.
Clinical Case Notes
Authors: Foroozan Rod 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe case is reported of a 61‐year‐old man who developed shock‐induced anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (SIAION) after undergoing radical prostatectomy. Visual loss began on the third postoperative day. Only one other patient with SIAION after prostatectomy has been reported in the past. SIAION may result in fixed visual loss after radical prostatectomy and ophthalmic evaluation should not be delayed in patients with postoperative visual loss.
Clinical Case Notes
Authors: Ooi Kenneth G‐J , Drummond Suzannah R , Thompson Kirsteen J , Roberts Fiona , Kemp Ewan G 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChurg−Strauss syndrome is a rare diffuse vasculitis of which the ocular manifestations have been well documented. However, reports of conjunctival involvement in Churg−Strauss syndrome are scarce. Such a presentation is described in a man with Candida albicans infection as well as ankylosing spondylitis, and a possible aetiological linkage is established amongst all three.
Clinical Case Notes
Authors: Sobha Sivaprasad , Rajan Madhavan S , Jackson Heather 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLaser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a well‐accepted refractive surgical procedure; however, reports of complications of hyperopic surgery are scarce. This is the first report of bilateral macular choroidal neovascular membrane following bilateral hyperopic LASIK surgery. It highlights important considerations in older patients undergoing the procedure.
Clinical Case Notes
Authors: Chua William C‐T , Martin Peter A , Kourt Georgina 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTransitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a common bladder tumour, 10−15% of which will exhibit invasive behaviour. About 50% of patients with invasive TCC will eventually develop distant metastases, usually to lymph nodes, lung or bones. The case is reported of bladder TCC metastasizing to the orbit.
Effects of coasting on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection‐embryo transfer cycles
Authors: AKTAN Erdal , BOZKURT Kaan , OZER Dilek , YUCEBILGIN Sait , KARADADAS Nedim , BILGIN Onur 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectives:  To determine the effects of ‘coasting’ on the outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection–embryo transfer (ICSI–ET).Design:  Retrospective study.Setting:  IVF Centre, Ozel Ege Tup Bebek Merkezi, Izmir, Turkey.Sample:  Twenty‐six coasted and 52 non‐coasted COH and ICSI–ET patients were enrolled in this retrospective study.Methods:  Coasted patients were enrolled consecutively during the study period, and two non‐coasted controls were selected from our database for each coasted patient. Coasting was decided when serum oestradiol level was ≥4000 pg/mL. Groups were compared using χ2 and Mann–Whitney U‐tests for statistical analysis.Main Outcome Measures:  Number of oocytes collected, metaphase II (MII) oocytes and cleaving embryos, the fertilisation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were the main outcome measures.Results:  Number of oocytes collected, number of MII oocytes, number of cleaving embryos, fertilisation rate and clinical pregnancy rate for the coasted and non‐coasted groups were 15.5 ± 5.2 and 14.0 ± 7.1, 9.7 ± 4.8 and 9.3 ± 3.9, 6.8 ± 3.9 and 5.8 ± 3.1, 0.85 ± 0.18 and 0.78 ± 0.18, 13/26 and 24/52, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. None of the patients in the coasted group were hospitalised for signs or findings of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.Conclusions:  Coasting does not adversely affect the number and the function of mature oocytes and the clinical pregnancy rate.
Safer laparoscopic trocar entry: It's all about pressure
Authors: TSALTAS Jim , PEARCE Scott , LAWRENCE Anthony , MEADS Alan , MEZZATESTA Joseph , NICOLSON Scott 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis prospective observational study aimed to assess the feasibility of adapting peritoneal hyperdistention to 25 mmHg during laparoscopy in an Australian hospital environment. A total of 1150 consecutive diagnostic or operative laparoscopies were performed. All cases were monitored for early detection of untoward physiological changes. All patients had Veress needle insufflation with distension to 25 mmHg prior to insertion of the primary trocar. No patients experienced any surgical entry complications or adverse clinical effects noted during anaesthetic. The aim of the current study is to assess the feasibility and safety of increasing the peritoneal insufflation pressure to 25 mmHg for primary trocar insertion.
Ethnicity and fetal growth in Fiji
Authors: MATHAI Matthews , SCHRAMM Mary , BARAVILALA Wame , SHANKAR Viswanathan , ANTONISAMY Belavendra , JEYASEELAN Lakshmanan , BERGSTRÖM Staffan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackground:  Indigenous Fijians and the descendants of Asian Indians constitute the two major ethnic groups in Fiji. There are differences between the two groups in perinatal outcomes.Aims:  To study fetal growth patterns in the two ethnic groups and to ascertain the influence, if any, of ethnicity on fetal growth.Methods:  A longitudinal study was carried out on women with sure dates, regular cycles, no known risk factor complicating pregnancy and having their first antenatal examination before 20 weeks. Symphysis‐fundal height, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length were measured by the same observer at recruitment and at follow‐up visits until delivery. Infant measurements were recorded soon after birth.Results:  Indian babies were on average 795 g lighter, had 5.5 days shorter mean length of gestation and slower growth of biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference when compared to Fijian babies. Ethnicity of the mother was significantly associated with the difference in growth even after adjusting for other factors known to influence fetal growth.Conclusion:  Given the ethnic differences in fetal growth and maturation, it would be appropriate to use ethnicity‐specific standards for perinatal care in Fiji.
Intrapartum pain management at the Royal Hospital for Women
Authors: HENRY Amanda , NAND Swaran L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAims:  To explore use of, and women's satisfaction with, intrapartum pain management at Royal Hospital for Women (RHW), Sydney, Australia.Methods:  From October 2002 to January 2003 women aged over 16 who had been in labour at RHW were given a questionnaire to complete in the first week post‐partum regarding their intrapartum pain management. Supplementary information was obtained from patient records.Results:  A total of 496 women participated (69% response rate), including 95 birth centre clients. The mean age was 32 years and 73% percent had a normal vaginal delivery. At least one form of pain management (‘natural’, nitrous oxide, pethidine, epidural, local infiltration of the perineum) was used by 463 (93%) women, with 74% using two or more methods. Labour pain was ‘worse’ or ‘much worse’ than expected for 55%. Seventy‐two percent were ‘very’ or ‘quite’ satisfied with overall pain management. Epidural analgesia had the highest utility scores (89%‘very useful’) and likelihood of use in subsequent labours (67%), and pethidine the lowest. Factors affecting analgesic use included cervical dilation on admission, labour length, English‐speaking background, delivery suite versus birth centre care, parity, and syntocinon use.Conclusions:  Women at RHW use a variety of pain management methods in labour and most use multiple methods. Labour was rated more painful than expected by a majority; however, most were satisfied with their pain management. Labour length and cervical dilation on admission were most predictive of pain management use.
Study of peripheral circulation in non‐pregnant, pregnant and pre‐eclamptic women using applied potential tomography
Authors: AHMED Badreldeen 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackground:  Profound changes are known to occur in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy, involving an increase in cardiac output and a fall in peripheral resistance. In some women these adaptations may be inappropriate and this may result in pregnancy‐induced hypertension and pre‐eclampsia.Aims and methods:  The aims of the study were to evaluate the relatively new, non‐invasive technique of applied potential tomography (APT) in measurements of peripheral blood flow, to study peripheral blood flow in a sample of non‐pregnant, pregnant and pre‐eclamptic women, and to investigate whether the adaptive changes in the peripheral circulation are different in pre‐eclampsia compared with normal pregnancy. Applied potential tomography was used to assess peripheral vascular reactivity, by monitoring fluid distribution in calf muscles during postural changeResults:  The APT technique was able to detect peripheral vasoconstriction in response to an increase in intramural pressure brought about by passive lowering of the leg (peripheral mechanisms). The peripheral vasoconstriction response was found to be more prominent in woman with pre‐eclampsia.Conclusions:  The presence of a local reflex in the lower limb had been postulated and the effect of this reflex on the peripheral circulation could be detected using APT, regardless of how it was initiated. In normal pregnant women this reflex was diminished when compared to non‐pregnant women, which might contribute to the reduction in peripheral vascular resistance seen in normal pregnancy. This reflex was defective in pre‐eclampsia and this lack of adaptation may be a local reflex contributing to the raised peripheral resistance, which in turn may be a factor in high blood pressure in pre‐eclampsia.