bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel murine segmental femoral graft model
Authors: Tiyapatanaputi Prarop , Rubery Paul T. , Carmouche Jonathan , Schwarz Edward M. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Zhang Xinping 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTo further understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cortical bone graft healing, we have developed a novel mouse femur model that permits quantitative and molecular analysis of structural bone graft healing. A 4 mm mid‐diaphyseal femoral segment was removed and replaced by either immediate implantation of a fresh autograft, a frozen, genetically identical isograft or a frozen allograft from a different strain of mouse, which was secured with a 22‐gauge metal intramedullary pin. Healing was evaluated by radiology, histomorphometry, and in situ hybridization. Autograft repair occurred by endochondral bone formation at the host–graft junction and by intramembranous bone formation along the length of the graft bed at 2 weeks, with maturation and remodeling apparent by 4 weeks. Bone repair in allografts and isografts completely relied on endochondral bone formation at the host–graft cortical junction, with absence of periosteal bone formation along the length of the graft, suggesting that live periosteal cells from the donor tissue are necessary for this response. This small animal model of structural bone grafting can be used to evaluate tissue‐engineered allografts and novel bone graft substitutes using quantitative and molecularly defined outcome measures. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Serum Immunoglobulins and IgG Subclass Levels in Sinus Mycetoma
Authors: Jiang Rong‐San , Hsu Chen‐Yi 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo study the immunity of patients with sinus mycetoma by measuring serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclass levels.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThirty patients with sinus mycetoma, 71 ordinary chronic rhinosinusitis patients without nasal polyps, and 77 ordinary chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps were collected. In all subjects, the levels of total serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses were measured during surgical treatment.RESULTSAmong 30 patients with sinus mycetoma, decreased IgA level was found in 1 patient, and decreased IgM level was found in another 2 patients. There were no significant differences in the levels of total serum immunoglobulins or IgG subclasses between patients with sinus mycetoma and ordinary chronic rhinosinusitis patients with or without nasal polyps.CONCLUSIONImmunologic defects cannot be detected in patients with sinus mycetoma by measuring levels of total serum immunoglobulins or IgG subclasses.SIGNIFICANCEImmunoglobulin deficiency may not play an important role in the pathogenesis of sinus mycetoma. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:563‐6.)
Misoprostol in the Treatment of Tinnitus: A Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Yilmaz Ismail , Akkuzu Babür , Çakmak Özcan , Özlüoglu Levent N. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo test the efficacy of misoprostol as a treatment for tinnitus.DESIGNA prospective, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study.SETTINGBaşkent University Otolaryngology Clinic.PATIENTSForty adult patients who had had tinnitus for a minimum of 6 months and were free of systemic or otolaryngologic disease. Twenty‐eight patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (group I) and 12 to the control group (group II).INTERVENTIONThe respective groups received active drug and placebo in increasing doses for 4 months. The effect of medications on tinnitus were evaluated by determining improvement rates in tinnitus loudness and subjective tinnitus scoring.RESULTSIn the experimental group, 18 of 28 patients showed improvement in tinnitus loudness, representing an improvement rate of 64%. The improvement rate based on subjective tinnitus scoring was 36% (10 of 28 patients). In the control group, the improvement rate for tinnitus loudness was 33% (n = 4), and the rate for subjective tinnitus scoring was 17% (n = 2). The difference between improvement rate for tinnitus loudness of the experimental group and control group was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.039), but difference between improvement rate based on subjective tinnitus scoring was insignificant (P = 0.119). When results in the experimental group were analyzed according to etiological factors, the improvement rate was highest in the sudden‐onset subgroup (77%).CONCLUSIONSMisoprostol provided therapeutic relief for some patients with tinnitus we studied, but further investigation of larger groups is needed. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:604‐10.)
Olfactory Neuroblastoma: The University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Experience 1975–2000
Authors: Constantinidis Jannis , Steinhart Helmut , Koch Michael , Buchfelder Michael , Schaenzer Anne , Weidenbecher Manfred , Iro Heinrich 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVEOlfactory neuroblastoma constitutes a rare and, in clinical terms, biologically variable tumor of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and the base of the skull and presents a challenge to a modern multidisciplinary therapy. Generally acknowledged prognostic factors and a standard therapy fail to exist.METHODSBetween 1975 and 2000 we diagnosed and treated 26 patients with an olfactory neuroblastoma. According to Kadish's classification, 1 patient (4%) showed stage A, 16 patients (53%) stage B, and 11 cases (43%) stage C. Hyams grading was established in 81% of all cases. Fifty‐two percent were thus classified as low‐grade and 48% as highgrade tumors. Surgical therapy was performed on 23 patients (88.5%), surgery being the exclusive form of therapy (monotherapy) in 5 of these patients. Combined therapy was carried out in 18 cases (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy).RESULTSCurrently, 16 of 26 treated patients (61.5%) are alive. The disease‐specific 10‐ and 15‐year survival determined according to Kaplan‐Meier is 76.2%. Fifteen‐year survival amounts to 86.7% for smaller tumors (Kadish A/B) and 63.6% for advanced tumors (Kadish C). Seven (26.9%) of the overall group of treated patients developed a recurrence. Salvage therapy was successful in 60% (3 of 5 patients). Fifteen‐year survival following salvage therapy amounts to 60%. Patients with highgrade tumors exhibit a significantly reduced 10‐year survival (40%) compared to patients with low‐grade tumors (100%).CONCLUSIONSThe therapy of olfactory neuroblastoma calls for an interdisciplinary multimodal therapeutic strategy, particularly in the case of advanced tumors. Tumor staging and histopathologic grading according to Hyams are important factors for survival and prognosis. Aggressive salvage therapy can lead to a distinct improvement of long‐term survival. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 130:567‐74.)
Intraparotid Facial Nerve Schwannoma: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Caughey Robert J. , May Mark , Schaitkin Barry M. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVEFacial nerve schwannomas are rare neoplasms that present a challenge in diagnosis and management. We sought to gain insight into the clinical presentation and its implications in management.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA group of patients diagnosed with schwannoma was reviewed, with focus on tumor arising in the intraparotid region of the facial nerve. The patient population consisted of 3722 patients evaluated retrospectively over 38 years at the Shadyside Facial Paralysis Center, a tertiary referral center. From this population, 29 patients (18 women and 11 men) with the diagnosis of schwannoma were selected for review.RESULTSTwenty‐nine patients had facial nerve schwannoma. The average age at diagnosis was 44 years (range, 7 to 78 years). Eight patients had intraparotid involvement, with 5 having a palpable mass in the parotid. The duration of symptoms averaged 8.4 years overall, with intraparotid involvement averaging 10.9 years. The 8 intraparotid schwannomas had a mean House‐Brackmann grade of 1.5/6 at initial presentation. Postoperative facial nerve function was only 4.4/6 for resected intraparotid schwannomas.CONCLUSIONSIntraparotid facial nerve schwannomas are slow growing tumors, which are usually asymptomatic but can be painful. Schwannoma should be suspected if the facial nerve cannot be found intraoperatively or if the tumor is intimately associated with the facial nerve. In cases where schwannoma is suspected, biopsy is recommended, while complete resection is postponed to obtain imaging studies to evaluate the extent of disease and to discuss possible outcomes with the patient.SIGNIFICANCEThis article provides guidance for the appropriate management of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma.
Teleotolaryngology: A Retrospective Review at a Military Tertiary Treatment Facility
Authors: Haegen Timothy W. , Cupp Craig C. , Hunsaker Darrell H. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESISThe use of real‐time tele‐medicine in providing quality health‐care in multiple specialties has been demonstrated in several small studies; however, a review of the literature reveals no large‐scale prospective or retrospective telemedicine studies in otolaryngology. The tele‐medicine office at Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD) acquired a large otolaryngology tele‐medicine patient database, and this study reviews the otolaryngology telemedicine experience at NMCSD over an 18‐month period.STUDY DESIGNWe conducted a retrospective and reviewed new patient consults for the NMCSD otolaryngology telemedicine clinic from April 1, 2001, until November 6, 2002.RESULTSDuring the study period, a total of 883 patients received new patient evaluations. Of 883 patients, 568 (64.3%) received a preliminary diagnosis and were treated accordingly. Telemedicine resulted in the avoidance of 22.7% consults. Only 115 (13.0%) of 883 patients required traditional face‐to‐face otolaryngology consultation. In addition, only 30 (4.3%) of 705 patients who underwent flexible nasopharyngoscopy, otomicroscopy, or nasal endoscopy received incomplete examinations.CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrates the ability of telemedicine to function in an general otolaryngology setting.
Stapedectomy in Patients with a Prolapsed Facial Nerve
Authors: Neff Brian A. , Lippy William H. , Schuring Arnold G. , Rizer Franklin M. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVEWe evaluated the method of stapedectomy and hearing results in patients who have 50% or more of the footplate covered by a prolapsed facial nerve.STUDY DESIGNWe conducted a retrospective review of 1497 primary stapedectomies performed between 1986 and 1995.METHODSTwenty‐eight patients had 50% or more of the oval window covered by a prolapsed facial nerve. Twenty‐three patients in this group had adequate follow‐up and their hearing results were compared with a matched control group of 50 patients with normal facial nerve anatomy. Also, facial nerve outcomes and any other complications are reported.RESULTSIn the patient group with facial nerve prolapse, closure of the postoperative air‐bone gap to 10 dB or less was achieved in 19 of 23 (83%) ears and 16 of 20 (80%) ears at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. At 6 months and 1 year, the postoperative air‐bone gap in 47 of 50 (94%) ears and 40 of 43 (93%) ears in the control group had closed to 10 dB or less. The average postoperative air‐bone gap was 5.1 dB at 6 months and 6.8 dB at 1 year for the group with facial nerve prolapse. In comparison, the average postoperative air‐bone gap in the control group was 3.5 dB and 3.9 dB, respectively. The difference in the hearing results for the 2 groups was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONWhen the facial nerve covered at least 50% of the oval window, the poststapedectomy hearing results at 6 months and 1 year were similar to those of a matched control group of stapedectomy patients with a normal facial nerve course. There were no short‐ or long‐term facial nerve complications in either group. In light of these results, we conclude that stapedectomy in patients with significant facial nerve prolapse can be performed safely with good hearing results.
A Comparison of Radiofrequency Treatment Schemes for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Steward David L. , Weaver Edward M. , Woodson B. Tucker 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVESWe sought to determine whether increasing temperature‐controlled radiofrequency tissue ablation (TCRFTA) treatments provide incremental improvement in outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).METHODSTwenty‐six subjects randomized to TCRFTA treatment for mild to moderate OSAS were studied at baseline, 1 month after 3 tongue treatments (interim), and then 2 months after 2 additional tongue and palate treatments (final). Outcomes included OSA‐specific quality of life (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire [FOSQ] and Symptoms of Nocturnal Obstruction and Related Events [SNORE25]), daytime sleepiness, and reaction times (slowest, median, and fastest).RESULTSInterim outcomes were significantly better than baseline for FOSQ and SNORE25 (P < 0.05), with a trend toward improvement for sleepiness (P = 0.06). Final outcomes were significantly better than interim outcomes for FOSQ, sleepiness, slowest and median reaction time (all P < 0.05), and non‐significantly improved for SNORE25 (P = 0.30) and fastest reaction time (P = 0.18). All final outcomes were improved from baseline (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThree TCRFTA tongue treatments significantly improved OSA‐specific quality of life. An additional 2 TCRFTA tongue and palate treatment sessions further significantly improved quality of life and reaction times. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:579‐85.)
Patient Choice in Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Pogodzinski Matthew S. , Harner Stephen G. , Link Michael J. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVESThere are options available to patients newly diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma. Our institution employs stereotactic radiosurgery, microsurgical removal, and watchful waiting. There are no studies in the literature examining which of these treatment options patients are choosing.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGUsing retrospective chart review from January 2000 through December 2001, we noted several variables and patients’ initial treatment choices.RESULTSDuring the 24‐month study period, 139 patients were seen at our institution with a new diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma and made a clear initial treatment choice. Of these, 32 (23%) patients elected watchful waiting; 51 (36%) underwent stereotactic radiosurgery, and 56 (40%) underwent surgical removal. Surgical excision correlated with younger age and larger tumor size.CONCLUSIONSOur initial hypothesis, that patients choosing treatment would choose stereotactic radiosurgery more than 50% of the time, was untrue for the time course studied.SIGNIFICANCEThis is the first study to examine patient choice in treatment of vestibular schwannoma.
Local Government and Politics in China. Challenges from Below. By Yang Zhong. [Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2003. 229 pp. $25.95. ISBN: 0-7656-118-X.]
Authors: Christiansen Flemming 
Published: May 2004

Yang Zhong's excellent book about Local Government and Politics in China gives a succinct and convincing account of the frameworks for local governance in the PRC today. The organization, functioning, powers and evolution of local government in China are notoriously difficult to grasp due to the many intersecting layers and lines of authority, the diversity of local conditions, and the shorthand language used by administrators to refer to local government. Although there is a growing literature on local government in contemporary China, we have, until now, lacked a comprehensive overview in English.For almost a decade Yang Zhong has observed the behaviour of local government in a small number of places in China, and is thus able to base his account on actual practice. The style is refreshingly simple and easy to follow, the administrative jargon is well explained, and the structure of the presentation is lucid. The core aspects of local governance are covered, with a sound focus on counties, townships and towns, and a separate chapter dealing with village politics. Local authorities in cities are not covered; this omission is unfortunate, but understandable from the point of view of keeping the book within manageable limits.
The Dianszhizhai Pictorial: Shanghai Urban Life, 1884–1898. By Xiaoqing Ye. [Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. 249 pp. $50.00. ISBN 0-89264-162-2.]
Authors: Mittler Barbara 
Published: May 2004

Finally, one is inclined to sigh, a scholarly study of the Shanghai illustrated magazine Dianshizhi huabao, one of the most significant pictorials in late-Qing China, founded by an Englishman, Ernest Major, who had successfully launched the Shanghai daily Shenbao a dozen years earlier. A handful of coffee table books hitherto featured illustrations from this pictorial, but there is no systematic study of its background and contents to date. This book is not that study either, but it presents a valuable mine of material. With its aim of reading the Dianshizhai huabao as a “source of Shanghai social history” (p. 2), it not only covers a wide range of material from the pictorial itself (laudably, it includes 137 illustrations), but also makes extensive use of the Shenbao, as well as contemporary memoirs and literary works.The book consists of four parts, a short introduction and an afterword. Part one gives a brief history of the Dianshizhai, parts two and three deal with stories depicting Shanghai as a city between old and new and the source of a new urban culture, respectively. Part four turns to religious practices depicted in the Dianshizhai. No explanation is given for why these particular topics have been chosen. In the 1991 dissertation on which this book is based, an argument about urban popular culture had served to connect the several parts. This argument created coherence. It has been eschewed here.
Bird responses to shade coffee production
Authors: Tejeda‐Cruz César , Sutherland William J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIt has been documented that certain types of shade coffee plantations have both biodiversity levels similar to natural forest and high concentrations of wintering migratory bird species. These findings have triggered a campaign to promote shade coffee as a means of protecting Neotropical migratory birds. Bird censuses conducted in the El Triunfo Biosphere reserve in southern Mexico have confirmed that shade coffee plantations may have bird diversity levels similar to, or higher than, natural forest. However, coffee and forest differed in species composition. Species with a high sensitivity to disturbance were significantly more diverse and abundant in primary ecosystems. Neotropical migratory birds, granivorous and omnivorous species were more abundant in disturbed habitats. Insectivorous bird species were less abundant only in shaded monoculture. Foraging generalists and species that prefer the upper foraging stratum were more abundant in disturbed habitats, while a decline in low and middle strata foragers was found there. Findings suggests that shade coffee may be beneficial for generalist species (including several migratory species), but poor for forest specialists. Although shade coffee plantations may play an important role in maintaining local biodiversity, and as buffer areas for forest patches, promotion of shade coffee may lead to the transformation of forest into shade coffee, with the consequent loss of forest species.
Is anti‐predator behaviour in Tasmanian eastern quolls (Dasyurus viverrinus) effective against introduced predators?
Authors: Jones Menna E. , Smith Georgina C. , Jones Susan M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractExotic predators, particularly red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus), have been implicated in the declines and extinctions of many Australian mammals and a recent incursion of foxes into Tasmania has therefore caused great concern. We tested the behavioural responses of eastern quolls (Dasyurus viverrinus) to acoustic cues of native (masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae castanops) and Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus laniarius)) and non‐native (fox and cat) predators and to non‐predators (cow (Bos taurus) and control noise). Juvenile quolls treated fox vocalisations like those of cows (as measured by an increase in movement), in contrast to their responses (a decrease in movement) to sympatric predators. Cats are probably a lesser threat to eastern quolls than native predators or foxes, their impact probably being greatest on the juveniles. Juvenile quolls, but not adults, showed similar responses to cat vocalisations as they did to owls and devils. Adult quolls responded differently from juveniles to owls and devils, by increasing vigilance. This is consistent with the smaller body size, inexperience and the presumed greater vulnerability of juveniles to predation. The lack of appropriate anti‐predator responses to foxes suggests that eastern quolls would be vulnerable to predation by foxes in Tasmania.
Detecting the vanishing populations of the highly endangered Darwin's fox, Pseudalopex fulvipes
Authors: Vilà Carles , Leonard Jennifer A. , Iriarte Agustín , O'Brien Stephen J. , Johnson Warren E. , Wayne Robert K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDarwin's fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes) is known to survive only on Chiloé Island off the coast of southern Chile and in Nahuelbuta National Park, 600 km to the north in mainland Chile. The Valdivian coastal forest, in which the Darwin's fox lives, historically spanned from Nahuelbuta National Park southward past Chiloé Island on the mainland. Furthermore, the forest on Chiloé Island was connected to the mainland forest by a land bridge for much of the Pleistocene. Thus, the distribution of Valdivian forest suggests that the historic range of Darwin's fox may have been much larger. We searched the remnant pockets of coastal forest on mainland Chile using live traps, non‐invasive techniques and interviews to look for new populations of the critically endangered Darwin's fox. Although no Darwin's fox was captured, evidence of a new population near Punta Chanchán was found.
Non‐invasive genotyping of the endangered Apennine brown bear: a case study not to let one's hair down
Authors: Lorenzini Rita , Posillico Mario , Lovari Sandro , Petrella Annino 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIndividual identification was assessed for 30 brown bears (Ursus arctos) from the endangered Apennine population in central Italy, mostly through non‐invasive sampling. Shed hairs were used as a source of DNA to obtain single genotype profiling at 12 microsatellite loci. Average expected heterozygosity (0.438) and mean number of alleles per locus (2.2) showed that the level of genetic diversity was one of the lowest recorded for brown bear populations across their European and North American ranges. A large portion of the original genetic variation may have been lost through random genetic drift during the recent period of isolation. The level of genetic variability proved sufficient to identify the bears individually by using nine microsatellite loci. The probability that two animals shared by chance the same multilocus genotype was estimated to be 1 in 100. Despite the recent history of small population size, the average relatedness indicated that the majority of individuals are not first‐order relatives. Simulated paternity tests showed that a 12‐loci genotype may be necessary to assign paternity with an 80–95% confidence level. Lack of genetic diversity, as well as the maintenance of an adequately effective number, may seriously jeopardise the long‐term survival of this population. Furthermore, high mortality rates, poaching and encroachment by human activities represent immediate, urgent concerns. A population increase through enforced protection and habitat restoration is recommended. Presently, restocking with bears from other source populations should be discouraged to avoid genetic extinction. Non‐invasive sampling provided reliable population and individual genetic data. Microsatellite genotyping proved a valuable genetic tagging method and a feasible alternative to conventional field counts for the brown bear in central Italy.