bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anionic ring‐opening polymerization following atom transfer radical polymerization: Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐g‐dimethylsiloxane) obtained by “grafting from” strategy
Authors: Satti Angel J. , Murano Paulo I. Rossato , Pérez Claudio Javier , Freitas Augusto , Giacomelli Cristiano , Ciolino Andrés E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe reactivity of pendant epoxide groups of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) in reaction pathways devised under the concepts of anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) to yield poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐g‐dimethylsiloxane) [poly(GMA‐g‐DMS)] copolymers is reported in this study. Three grafting approaches were undertaken starting with PGMA synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). While living anionic poly(dimethylsiloxane) chains could not be coupled to PGMA backbone via grafting onto mechanism, the grafting from route, which involved first the reaction of epoxide moieties of PGMA backbone with sec‐Bu−Li+ to yield poly(GMA−Li+) and then the anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane monomer, proved successful and consistent. SEC, NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA results indicated that up to six units of DMS could be incorporated per epoxide site, resulting in poly(GMA‐g‐DMS) amorphous copolymers. The reaction pathway reported in this work offers a new concept on the synthesis of glycidyl/siloxane based copolymers with a wide range of commercial applications already reported in literature.Highlights
A novel synthesis approach to poly(GMA‐g‐DMS) hybrid graft copolymers.
Reaction of epoxide rings in the PGMA backbone with sec‐Bu−Li+ yields P(GMA−Li+).
Anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane from P(GMA−Li+) is successful.
Unsuccessful attack of living PDMS−Li+ chains to pendant oxirane groups of PGMA.
Addition of a polarizing agent (LiCl) has no effect on the reactive ion‐pairs.
A framework for long‐term environmental monitoring using living plant collections in botanic gardens: A global review and case study from Trinity College Botanic Garden
Authors: Yajima Midori , Murray Michelle , Chondrogiannis Christos , Waldren Stephen , McElwain Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Societal Impact StatementBotanic gardens play a crucial role in addressing global environmental challenges by providing a unique setting for long‐term plant studies and engaging the public in climate change awareness. Our review highlights the underuse of these gardens' living collections for monitoring climate impacts, revealing significant gaps in data and phylogenetic diversity. The Witness Tree Project at Trinity College Botanic Garden will enhance long‐term research and public engagement through open‐access data and protocols. This initiative not only advances scientific understanding but also fosters community involvement and education, promoting a collective effort towards mitigating climate change impacts.SummaryBotanic gardens are ideal settings for long‐term studies on plant responses to climate change, providing extensive outreach and visitor engagement opportunities. However, the use of living collections for multi‐year studies has not been thoroughly assessed. This paper first reviews environmental monitoring projects conducted in these institutions over three continuous years, revealing that fewer than 1% of botanic gardens and arboreta globally engage in long‐term research. There is also a notable lack of phylogenetic diversity, with only 3% of angiosperm and 35% of gymnosperm families represented. Monitoring efforts mainly focus on phenology and plant pathology, with limited attention to other subjects like plant traits. Moreover, no studies have linked climate change impacts on plants with urban green space research, despite the urban locations of many botanic gardens, and no structured guidelines exist for establishing long‐term monitoring programmes. In the second part of this paper, we introduce The Witness Tree Project (WTP) at Trinity College Botanic Garden (TCBG), a newly established long‐term (>30 years) annual monitoring programme. The WTP tracks the physiological performance of selected woody plants under climate change and the deposition of particulate pollution (PM 2.5 and PM10) on their leaves. The project leverages the potential of a university botanic garden to integrate multidisciplinary research, teaching and outreach activities, using open‐access protocols and data‐sharing practices. Finally, we outline a framework for designing long‐term monitoring programmes in botanic gardens and arboreta. This framework, informed by the establishment and pilot year of the WTP, encourages the use of living collections in advancing global change research.
Matching‐Assisted Power Prior for Incorporating Real‐World Data in Randomized Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Qian Ruoyuan , Yang Biqing , Xu Xinyi , Lu Bo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLeveraging external data information to supplement randomized clinical trials has been a popular topic in recent years, especially for medical device and drug discovery. In rare diseases, it is very challenging to recruit patients and run a large‐scale randomized trial. To take advantage of real‐world data from historical trials on the same disease, we can run a small hybrid trial and borrow historical controls to increase the power. But the borrowing needs to be conducted in a statistically principled manner. Bayesian power prior methods and propensity score adjustments have been discussed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a matching‐assisted power prior approach to better mitigate observed bias when incorporating external data. A subset of comparable external subjects is selected by groups through template matching, and different weights are assigned to these groups based on their similarity to the current study population. Power priors are then implemented to incorporate the information into Bayesian inference. Unlike conventional power prior methods, which discount all control patients similarly, matching pre‐selects good controls, hence improved the quality of external data being borrowed. We compare its performance with the existing propensity score‐integrated power prior approach through simulation studies and illustrate the implementation using data from a real acupuncture clinical trial.
Etchant‐Free Dry‐Developable Extreme Ultraviolet Photoresist Materials Utilizing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Metal Complexes
Authors: Kim Dowon , Byeon Jinhwan , Ahn Jaeboong , Kim Sangjin , Moon In‐Uk , Ryu Huijeong , Oh Dong Suk , Yoon Yang Hun , Jee Hae‐geun , Hwang Chan‐Cuk , Hong Sukwon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractExtreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has enabled significant reductions in device dimensions but is often limited by capillary force‐driven pattern collapse in conventional wet processes. Recent dry‐development approaches, while promising, frequently require toxic etchants or specialized equipment, limiting their broader applicability and highlighting the need for more sustainable, cost‐effective alternatives. In this study, highly reactive, etchant‐free dry‐developable EUV photoresists using N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐based metal‐ligand complexes, achieving half‐saturation at EUV doses of 8.5 or 27 mJ cm−2, are synthesized. A simple thermal dry development process is employed, utilizing a standard furnace to remove unexposed areas of the photoresist, leading to 80 nm resolution with line‐edge roughness (LER) comparable to wet‐developed patterns. Moreover, EUV‐induced chemical reactions of the NHC metal‐ligand complexes are investigated via EUV‐photoelectron spectroscopy, near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structures, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. It is suggested that the high EUV sensitivity of the NHC metal‐ligand complexes is attributed to branching polymerization reactions initiated by secondary electron and photoelectron generation. These EUV‐sensitive, dry‐developable NHC metal–organic photoresists offer a sustainable and economical alternative to conventional techniques, eliminating the need for toxic and corrosive etchants while achieving high‐resolution nanopatterns through simple thermal treatment, thus advancing future nanofabrication technologies.
Remote Activation Catalysis: Interparticle Hydrogen Spillover‐Assisted Cumene Synthesis from Propane and Benzene
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Hasegawa Shingo , Osuga Ryota , Nakajima Kiyotaka , Motokura Ken 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydrogen spillover, particularly when involving “interparticle” hydrogen spillover, offers a unique opportunity to enhance catalytic efficiency by remote activation of surface acidity. Building on this concept, this study aims to investigate physically mixed alumina‐supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/Al2O3) and zirconia‐supported tungsten oxide (WO3/ZrO2) in promoting the direct synthesis of cumene from benzene and propane at 300 °C. The reaction with Pt/Al2O3 alone afforded propylene as the only product, indicating the successive reaction route of Pt‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of propane, followed by acid‐catalyzed alkylation. WO3/ZrO2 with 18 wt.% WO3 loading resulted in high benzene conversion (≈5.0%) and cumene selectivity (≈87.5%), which possesses poly tungstate species on the surface that is active for the acid‐catalyzed alkylation. UV–vis‐near infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that atomic hydrogen abstracted from propane spills over from Pt/Al2O3 particles to WO3/ZrO2 particles to form Brønsted acid sites on the poly tungstate species, whose activity for alkylation between benzene and propylene is double that of the parent WO3/ZrO2.
Utilization of Stable and Efficient High‐Entropy (Ni0.2Zn0.2Mg0.2Cu0.2Co0.2)Al2O4 Catalyst with Polyvalent Transition Metals to Boost Peroxymonosulfate Activation toward Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Yu Xinmiao , Wang Shifa , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yu Xianlun , Gao Huajing , Yang Hua , Fang Leiming , Zhang Huijun , Syed Asad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA polyacrylamide gel method has been used to synthesize a variety of polyvalent‐transition‐metal‐doped Ni position of high entropy spinel oxides (Ni0.2Zn0.2Mg0.2Cu0.2Co0.2)Al2O4‐800 °C (A2) on the basis of NiAl2O4, and the catalytic activity of A2 is studied under the synergistic action of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and simulated sunlight. The A2 containing polyvalent transition metals (Ni2+, Cu2+, and Co2+) can effectively activate PMS and efficiently degrade levofloxacin (LEV) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under simulated sunlight irradiation. After 90 min of light exposure, the degradation percentages of LEV (50 mg L−1) and TCH (100 mg L−1) degrade by the A2/PMS/vis system reach 87.0% and 90.2%, respectively. The superoxide radicals, photoinduced holes, and singlet oxides dominate the catalytic process, while hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals play only a small role. The adsorption energy and charge density difference between different systems and PMS are calculated by density functional theory, and the activation efficiency of PMS is studied by combining with the change of the length of the O─O bond of the PMS after adsorption. The catalytic mechanism of A2/PMS/vis system is proposed, which provides a new idea and method for the study of high entropy oxides in the field of catalysis.
Electrosynthesis of Ru (II)‐Polypyridyl Oligomeric Films on ITO Electrode for Two Terminal Non‐Volatile Memory Devices and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Sachan Pradeep , Sharma Pritish , Kaur Rajwinder , Manna Debashree , Sahay Shubham , Mondal Prakash Chandra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMolecular electronics exhibiting resistive‐switching memory features hold great promise for the next generation of digital technology. In this work, electrosynthesis of ruthenium polypyridyl nanoscale oligomeric films is demonstrated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode followed by an ITO top contact deposition yielding large‐scale (junction area = 0.7 × 0.7 cm2) two terminal molecular junctions. The molecular junctions exhibit non‐volatile resistive switching at a relatively lower operational voltage, ±1 V, high ON/OFF electrical current ratio (≈103), low‐energy consumption (SET/RESET = 27.94/14400 nJ), good cyclic stability (>300 cycles), and switching speed (SET/RESET = 25 ms/20 ms). A computational study suggests that accessible frontier molecular orbitals of metal‐complex to the Fermi level of ITO electrodes facilitate charge transport at a relatively lower bias followed by a filamentformation. An extensive analysis is performed of the performance of binary neural networks exploiting the current‐voltage features of the devices as binary synaptic weights and exploring their potential for neuromorphic logic‐in‐memory implementation of IMPLICATION (IMPLY) operation which can realize universal gates. The comprehensive analysis indicates that the proposed redox‐active complex‐based memory device may be a promising candidate for high‐density data storage, energy‐efficient implementation of neuromorphic networks with software‐level accuracy, and logic‐in‐memory implementations.
Rehumanizing Higher Education: Fostering Humanity in the Era of Machine Learning
Authors: Carver Joseph , Bah Samba 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have raised contentious questions and spawned divided opinions regarding the future of education. The polarization it brings to the academy seems to be breaking between the soft and hard disciplines and is reminiscent of the Science Wars of the 1990s. This chapter highlights the philosophical dimensions of integrating AI, particularly generative AI, within higher education and emphasizes the role communal‐building philosophies can play in efforts to rehumanize higher education. We contend AI's implications for human learning transcend the boundaries that mark our academic fields and provide an opportunity to exceed our disciplinary silos. We seek ways to avoid the academic infighting characterized by the academy's recent past and advocate for higher education's unity regarding cultivating intelligence. We argue AI should reflect human intelligence and higher education's response should be one worthy of our collective humanity.
Prognostic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in dogs with acute renal injury treated with haemodialysis
Authors: Puccinelli Caterina , Lippi Ilaria , Pelligra Tina , Citi Simonetta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIt is clinically relevant to predict outcomes in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated with haemodialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and its role in discriminating between AKI and acute impairment associated with chronic kidney disease (AKI/CKD).MethodsDogs diagnosed with AKI or AKI/CKD were prospectively enrolled in the study. For all dogs, CEUS was performed at admission (T0). In addition, in haemodialysis‐treated dogs, it was performed after the first dialysis (T1) and 7 days (T7) and 30 days (T30) after admission.ResultsA total of 41 dogs were enrolled, of which 30 were treated with haemodialysis and 11 received medical therapy. No significant difference was found between CEUS values at T0 in surviving and non‐surviving patients after haemodialysis. A significant difference in cortical peak enhancement intensity (PI) values was found between T0, T1, T7 and T30, with the highest PI value at T0, a significant reduction at T1 and a progressive reduction in subsequent checks. There were no significant differences in CEUS parameters at T0 between patients with AKI and AKI/CKD.LimitationsAKI aetiology was unknown in most cases, which limits the generalisability of the findings. Furthermore, the small sample size means that the statistical analysis is likely underpowered.ConclusionCEUS could be helpful in evaluating of the prognosis of dogs with AKI during haemodialysis.
Water quality assessment of rooftop harvested rainwater across different roof types in a semi‐arid region of South Africa
Authors: Livhuwani Vele , Eunice Ubomba‐Jaswa , Edokpayi Joshua Nosa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUneven distribution of precipitation and climate change have led to water shortages, adversely impacting numerous countries worldwide. Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) has emerged as a crucial method for providing water for domestic uses. However, there are concerns about the quality of rainwater collected from roofs, as it may be contaminated with pollutants such as metals and microbiological pathogens. This study investigates the common roof types used as catchments for rainwater harvesting with the aim of establishing the quality and usefulness of the harvested water resource. Compliant levels of major and trace metals were recorded across various roof types in the three study areas. Metals of concern, such as lead (below detection limit to 0.69 μg/l), arsenic (0.06–0.13 μg/l), and cadmium (0.02–0.13 μg/l), were also within acceptable limits at all study sites. However, the average levels of E. coli detected ranged from 4.32 to 27.97 cfu/100 ml, exceeding the recommended limits set by both the World Health Organization and the South African National Standards. The trace metal levels in water collected from slate roofs were slightly higher than those from other roof types for most of the metals studied. The quality of the water obtained from various roof types indicates it is suitable for all domestic purposes, including drinking after disinfection. No significant differences were observed in the water quality across the different rooftops in the study areas.Practitioner Points
Different roofing materials did not significantly affect the quality of the harvested rainwater.
Water quality of the harvested rainwater complied with regulatory standards except for microbial water quality parameters.
Rainwater can be used for several domestic purposes without treatment except for drinking purposes where it should be treated with a simple point‐of‐use water treatment system.
First flush should be discarded as it impacts greatly on the water quality parameters determined.
Rainwater harvesting offers an alternative and supplementary form of water supply in the semi‐arid region of South Africa.
A Review of Modern Multinomial‐Derived and Partition‐Based Record‐Linkage Methods
Authors: Thibaudeau Yves 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFellegi and Sunter introduced in 1969 the first theory of record linkage. Their work was interpreted and applied in many situations. However, an infrastructure to support generalizing the theory was not available until 40 years later when Sadinle and Fienberg formally introduced partitioning in the record linkage arena. Partitioning makes clear the limitations of the original theory and paves the way to generalizing it. Partitioning also fits naturally in the Bayesian paradigm. We review the advent and instances of partitioning in the recent literature and the context of record‐linkage applications connected to Dirichlet‐Multinomial processes. We suggest directions for the future.
Query Processing on Heterogeneous Hardware
Authors: Kozar Anastasiia , Bleichert Janis von , Breß Sebastian , Grulich Philipp M. , Lutz Clemens , Rabl Tilmann , Rosenfeld Viktor , Traub Jonas , Zeuch Steffen , Markl Volker 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In modern processor design, power efficiency has become the primary constraint, prompting manufacturers to develop processors that balance energy consumption with the growing demand for speed. This shift has initiated an era of heterogeneous multi-core computing, characterized by machines utilizing various processors such as GPUs, MICs, and FPGAs. These processors significantly enhance performance due to their computational capabilities and memory bandwidth, essential for optimizing query processing performance. However, executing database queries efficiently across diverse processors presents challenges due to architectural differences, leading to varied performance outcomes for different operator implementations. This chapter explores methodologies for executing database queries on any processor with maximum efficiency without manual adjustments. We propose compiling database queries into optimized code that can adapt continuously to achieve optimal performance across a wide array of processors. Key areas of focus include the use of GPUs in database systems, addressing challenges such as workload distribution and data transfer bottlenecks, and introducing a classification scheme for strategies developed to tackle these issues. Additionally, we examine NVLink 2.0 technology’s potential to improve data transfer efficiency between GPUs and CPUs, enhancing GPU-accelerated query processing. Furthermore, we present a novel adaptive query compilation-based stream processing engine (SPE) that surpasses traditional interpretation-based SPEs by incorporating runtime optimizations and task-based parallelization. This approach allows for dynamic adjustments to data characteristics, significantly improving query execution efficiency and throughput. Through these explorations, we aim to provide insights into current systems and highlight areas for future research, ultimately contributing to the advancement of heterogeneous query processing systems.
Stairway to Heaven or Highway to Hell?
Authors: Pariès Jean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book reports on an academic, multidisciplinary and multinational seminar held to explore citizen participation in decisions concerning the public management of risks, particularly industrial risks. It illustrates the complexity of the subject and shows the great diversity of social, technical and political contexts, as well as the diversity of aims and implementation methods, the challenges encountered during practical implementation and the difficulties in achieving the expected benefits. To conclude this book, this final chapter repositions this complexity at the intersection of two components: “citizen participation” in democratic life on the one hand, and “public risk management” on the other. First, it separately examines the issues associated with these two concepts, as well as their own complexity, then it brings them together to identify some principles and avenues to explore to arrive at an “honest” and contextualized understanding of public participation in the governance of industrial risks.
Social Acceptability of Industrial Risk
Authors: Gendron Corinne , Friser Alice , Yates Stéphanie , Arpin Marie-Luc 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concept of social acceptability aims to grasp the social dynamics surrounding public projects and decisions. Social acceptability is commonly used to analyze the social context of new projects and decisions, but it has seldom been used to understand the dynamics surrounding industrial risk management. This chapter proposes to explore the potential of social acceptability as a frame for participatory issues in risk management.
Simulation Analysis and Optimization Design of Small Microwave Cavity for Passive Hydrogen Maser
Authors: Zheng Hefei , Li Jing , Wang Feng , Chen Qiang , Li Shiguang , Wang Liang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The passive hydrogen maser is a widely used atomic frequency standard, which has high frequency performance, small volume and light weight. In the process of miniaturization, there are other electromagnetic fields in microwave cavity besides TE011 mode near the hydrogen atomic transition frequency, which affect the hydrogen atomic transition and the frequency performance of the passive hydrogen maser. In this paper, through electromagnetic field simulation of the microwave cavity, the design of microwave cavity is optimized, so that the center frequencies of other modes adjacent to TE011 mode are far away from the hydrogen atomic transition frequency, and the performance indexes of the passive hydrogen maser are improved.