bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVI-28 The Effects Supplementing Tannin Blend on Growth Performance, Energetic Efficiency, and Carcass Characteristics of Calf-Fed Steers
Authors: Latack Brooke C , Carvalho Pedro H V , Ferraz Marcos V C , Hollerbach Lucas G , Theusme Chilove , Zinn Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of tannin supplementation on cattle growth performance, energetic efficiency, and carcass characteristics of calf-fed steers. One hundred and sixty dairy steer calves with initial body weight (IBW) of 129.85 ± 3 kg, were blocked by IBW and randomly assigned to 40 pens (4 steers/pen; 10 pens per dietary treatment). Dietary treatments were: 1) Control (no additives); 2) MON (30 mg/kg monensin); 3) TAN (15 g/kg ByPRO; 70% condensed tannin; Silvateam USA, Tontitown, AR); and 4) MON+TAN (30 mg/kg monensin + 15 g/kg ByPRO). All steers were fed a similar steam-flaked corn-based diet (63.5% steam-flaked corn, 12.0% hay, 17.5% of dry distillers grains with solubles, 4.0% cane molasses, and 3.0% vitamin/mineral supplement). All cattle were slaughtered after 328 days of feed. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.13) of dietary treatment on final BW (615 ± 22 kg), overall average daily gain (1.48 ± 0.07 kg/day), overall dry matter intake (7.93 ± 0.39 kg/day), overall gain to feed ratio (0.187 ± 0.07), and overall observed vs. expected net energy for maintenance and gain (1.00 ± 0.03 and 1.00 ± 0.04, respectively). However, cattle receiving MON or MON+TAN supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.04) BW and gain to feed ratio in the first 112 days on feed compared with cattle in the control treatment. Moreover, cattle in the 2 dietary treatments receiving monensin supplementation tended (P ≤ 0.09) to increase average daily gain and gain to feed ratio on the first 112 days on feed compared with cattle in the control treatment. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.22) of feed additive supplementation on hot carcass weight (380.7 ± 14.7 kg), dressing percentage (61.83 ± 1.05%), kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (3.32 ± 0.19%), backfat thickness (0.73 ± 0.12 cm), longissimus muscle area (83 ± 4.83 cm2), marbling score (494 ± 48), and calculated yield grade (2.94 ± 0.24). Moreover, there were no effects (P ≥ 0.55) of dietary treatment on percent of liver abscess incidence, regardless of diet, calf-fed steers in the current study had 3.75% of liver with abscess.
PSVI-30 Effects of Different Cobalt Sources on Ruminal Fermentation of Lactating Dairy Cow Diets in a Dual-Flow Continuous Culture System
Authors: Siregar Martha U , Arce-Cordero Jose A , Salas-Solis Gerald K , Silva-Vicente Ana C , Vinyard James R , Sarmikasoglou Efstathios , Johnson Mikayla L , Lobo Richard Roberto , Ma Szu-Wei , Hammond Charese A , Alves Kaliandra Souza S , Castillo Sydney Marie , Katz Lana M , Faciola Antonio P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different sources of cobalt in a lactating dairy cow diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation. All diets provided the same amount of supplemental Co (1 mg per kg of diet DM) included in a premix with a targeted inclusion level of 2.5% of diet DM. Treatments were cobalt carbonate (CON), and three alternative Co sources; alternative source 1 (AS1), alternative source 2 (AS2), and alternative source 3 (AS3). Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Experimental periods were 10 d (7 d adaptation and 3 d sample collection). Composite samples of daily effluents were collected and analyzed for NH3-N, lactate, and VFA concentration as well as for nutrient digestibility. Samples of ruminal content were collected from each fermenter at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding to determine lactate, NH3-N, and pH kinetics. All data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and the repeated variable of time was included for pH, lactate, and NH3-N. There were neither treatment effects nor interactions between treatment and time for pH, NH3-N, and lactate concentrations, indicating a similar Co kinetics across treatments. With regards to lactate pool, we did not observe treatment effects for L-lactate; however, we observed treatment effects for D-lactate and total-lactate as seen in Table 1. Analyses of total and individual VFA, N utilization, and nutrient degradation are still undergoing, hence, it is possible that Co sources have effects on ruminal fermentation.
PSXII-29 Development of an in Vitro Rumen Fermentation Model to Assess Fusobacterium Necrophorum Growth Inhibition
Authors: Thomas Tyler A , Deters Alyssa , Miller Alexandra C , Loh Huey Yi , Engle Terry E , Nagaraja T G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This experiment aimed to determine the impact of growth-inhibitory compounds on F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (F.n.n.), a primary etiologic agent of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle, in an in vitro rumen fermentation system. The assessment of inhibition was by quantitative PCR. We hypothesized that the addition of growth inhibitory compounds would reduce F.n.n. concentrations. A 2 x 2 x 6 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Factors included: 1) sodium lactate (0.0 or 100 mM); 2) bacteria (0 or 1x108 CFU/ml of F.n.n.); and 3) 1 mL of test compound [Control (solvent with no additive); Tylosin: 5 μg/mL; Compound A; Compound B; Compound C; and Compound D]. Prior to morning feeding, rumen contents were collected from a single ruminally canulated steer fed a grain-based finishing diet. Rumen fluid was strained through 4 layers of cheesecloth, mixed with McDougall’s buffer (1:1 ratio; RFB), and 30 mL of the RFB was added into 100 mL-serum bottles containing the appropriate treatments. Serum bottles (n = 3 replicates per treatment) were flushed with CO2 closed with rubber stoppers, crimped with aluminum seals, and incubated at 39ºC for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. Following each incubation time point, a 2-mL aliquot was removed from each serum bottle under a stream of CO2 to maintain anaerobic conditions. Immediately after sample collection, pH was determined, and DNA was extracted by boiling the sample, centrifugation, and purifying with a GeneClean Turbo DNA extraction kit. The concentration of F.n.n was determined by a quantitative PCR assay targeting the promoter region of the leukotoxin genes. Concentrations of F.n.n. from the RFB were used to adjust F.n.n. concentrations for all treatments at all time points. There was a lactate x test compound x incubation time interaction (P &lt; 0.05) for F.n.n. concentration. In the absence of lactate, serum bottles containing tylosin or test compound treatments had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) F.n.n. concentrations by 24 h post incubation. However, when sodium lactate was added, no treatments had F.n.n. concentrations less than the control treatment at 24 h post incubation (P &gt; 0.05). These data suggest that compounds used in this experiment reduced the concentrations of F.n.n by 24 h post incubation in the absence of additional lactate. However, when lactate, a substrate for F.n.n, was added to the in vitro system, the reduction in F.n.n. growth was not observed.
PSXIII-18 Feeding One-Year Stored Sorghum Silage: Effects of Grain Processing on Intake and Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Backgrounding Beef Heifers
Authors: Abdelhadi Leandro O , Mattioli Guillermo , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of feeding sorghum silage after one-year of storage (SS) based diets, on dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. A dual-purpose sorghum (ADV2450IG, Advanta seeds, Irving, TX) was harvested (Claas Jaguar 930, Harsewinkel, Germany) at the late-dough stage of grain maturity and processed (PRO) or not (NPR) with a specific SS cracker (196 mm rolls of 125 teeth each, 40% speed differential, 1.1 mm roll gap). Whole-plant was chopped at 15 mm and ensiled in polyethylene ag-bags (60 m long and 2.74 m diameter), for 388 d until the beginning of a 60 d-performance trial which was followed by the digestibility trial. From a performance trial with eight heifers/pen, and 12 total (six per treatment), one heifer (13.5 ± 1 mo and 259,4 ± 38 kg of BW) by pen was randomly selected for the digestibility trial. Two backgrounding diets containing (DM basis), 90.5% SS either PRO or NPR, 6.5% soybean meal (expeller) and 3% supplement (ROC90, Provimi, Argentina); continued to be offered ad libitum for an extra 3 d of adaptation while feed and feces were collected the next 4 d. Feed was individually offered once daily, and orts were collected the following day. Fecal samples were collected twice daily and apparent total tract digestibility (TTD) was determined using uNDF240h as a marker. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit, and initial BW as a covariate. No differences among treatments were detected for DM, OM, NDF, ADF, CP and starch intake (P &gt; 0.35). No effects of treatment were observed (P &gt; 0.40) for DM, OM, NDF, ADF, CP and starch TTD. In conclusion, no effects of processing on apparent total tract digestibility were detected when feeding a one-year stored sorghum silage to backgrounding beef heifers.
PSXIII-13 Effect of Supplementation of Red Osier Dogwood Extract on Feed Intake and Growth Performance of Newly Weaned Beef Calves
Authors: Yang Wenzhu , McGeough Emma J J , Ominski Kim H , Chen Lingyun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Red osier dogwood (ROD) is a Canadian native shrub plant that is rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The high phenolic compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties would be beneficial to reduce oxidative stress, hence improve animal growth performance when animals are stressed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding ROD extract and the residue after extraction to newly weaned calves on feed intake and growth performance. Eighty crossbred Angus steers [initial body weight (BW), 254 ± 5.4 kg] were used and housed in individual feedlot pen. The experiment was a randomized complete block design in five treatments (16 steers/treatment). Five treatments were: 1) Control (without ROD); 2) 20 g/d ROD extract (RODLow); 3) 40 g/d ROD extract (RODHigh); 4) 100 g/d ROD residue (RODRes); and 5) 330 mg monensin/d (MON). The MON was used as positive control because it is commonly fed to feedlot cattle to improve feed efficiency and animal health. The experiment diet consisted of 60% silage and 40% concentrate (DM basis) and fed for 84 d. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of ROD extracts and the residue after extraction were determined. The high DPPH scavenging was observed for both ROD extracts (60.6 ± 4.7%) and residue (80.6 ± 1.7%) at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Dry matter (DM) intake (kg/d) overall did not differ between control (6.44) and ROD supplemented calves (average, 6.27), whereas the DM intake tended (P = 0.10) to be greater with ROD extract (4.97 kg/d) than control (4.56 kg/d) at the first 28 d. The final BW averaged daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected by increasing dose of ROD extract (0, 20, 40 g/d) or by adding 100 g/d ROD residue. The calves fed MON had reduced (P = 0.04) DM intake (5.72 vs. 6.32 kg/d) and decreased (P = 0.07) daily gain (0.81 vs. 0.94 kg/d) than other treatments. Fecal pH ranged from 6.98 to 6.17 and did not differ among treatments. These results indicate that feeding ROD extract or its residue to newly weaned calves may increase feed intake when the animals are stressed; however, its effect on growth performance and feed efficiency is not apparent under current feeding conditions.
PSV-28 Effects of the Dietary Concentrate Level and Harvest Weight on Growth Performance of Spanish Goat Wethers and Doelings
Authors: Wang Wei , Puchala Ryszard , Encinas Fabiola L , Ribeiro Luana , Gipson Terry A , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thirty-six Spanish goat wethers and 36 doelings with initial mean age of 4.3 ± 0.03 months and body weight (BW) of 20.6 and 18.6 kg, respectively (SEM = 0.41), were used in 2 phases to determine effects of dietary concentrate level and harvest weight on growth performance. Three animals of each type were allocated to 12 pens for a total of 6 per pen. The diet in the first phase, 13 weeks in length, had 20% concentrate and 80% forage (20C) with crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations of 13 and 50%, respectively. At the end of Phase 1, animals in 2 pens were harvested. In phase 2 that lasted 9 to 11 weeks, two pens per dietary treatment and animal type continued to be fed diets with different levels of concentrate (20C, 40C, 50C, 60C, and 70C) with the same crude protein concentration of 13% and NDF level of 50, 35, 33, 33, and 31%, respectively. Animals were harvested from treatments of 50C and 70C, 40C and 60C, and 20C after 9, 10, and 11 weeks, respectively. Dry matter intake in Phase 1 was 733 ± 18.1 g/day and 3.39 ± 0.070 % BW, with an average BW during the phase of 21.6 ± 0.26 kg. Average daily gain (ADG) in Phase 2 was not affected by diet or diet × animal type (P = 0.712) but was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for wethers than for doelings (44 and 18 g, respectively; SEM = 5.4). There was a tendency (P = 0.055) for differences in ADG among treatments (4, 44, 43, 17, and 45 g for 20C, 40C, 50C, 60C, and 70C, respectively; SEM = 8.7). Dry matter intake in g/day in Phase 2 was similar among treatments (644, 750, 680, 597, and 621 g/day; SEM = 36.9) but in % BW was greatest among diets (P &lt; 0.05) for 40C (2.73, 3.25, 2.84, 2.62, and 2.63 for 20C, 40C, 50C, 60C, and 70C, respectively; SEM = 0.062). Also, there was a tendency (P = 0.057) for ADG during the entire experiment to differ among treatments (46, 17, 27, 30, 20, and 30 for 20C (phase 1 only) 20C, 40C, 50C, 60C, and 70C (phase 1 and phase 2), respectively; SEM = 5.0). These results suggest that a low concentrate diet followed by diets higher in concentrate containing similar CP and NDF content of 31 to 35% may not influence growth performance of Spanish goat wethers and doelings, but continuous feeding of a low concentrate diet with 50% NDF limits growth rate.
Construction of truncated PSMA as a PET reporter gene for CAR T cell trafficking
Authors: Zhang Yirui , Song Xiangming , Xu Zhuoshuo , Lv Xiaoying , Long Yu , Lan Xiaoli , Lei Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In solid tumors, there are multiple barriers for a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell to surmount in order to reach the tumor site. For better understanding whether CAR T cells effectively infiltrate into tumor site, and simultaneously, whether there are off-target effects, real-time monitoring technologies need to be established. Cell-based positron emission tomography reporter genes have been developed to monitor engineered cells in living subjects. In this study, we reported the construction of a novel reporter gene truncated prostate-specific membrane antigen (ΔPSMA) pending for monitoring CAR T cells using 68Ga-PSMA-617 and a method for tracking the distribution of CAR T cells in vivo was developed. Data were provided to demonstrate that ΔPSMA was predominantly localized on the plasma membrane and could take up 68Ga-PSMA-617 in vitro in a time-dependent manner. And the expression of ΔPSMA did not affect CAR expression and cytolytic capacity of CAR T cells. CAR-ΔPSMA T cell xenografts in nude mice were clearly imaged by positron emission tomography 60 min after injection of 68Ga-PSMA-617. PSMA paired with 68Ga-PSMA-617 was capable of identifying approximately 1 × 104 engineered CAR T cells. The ability to image small numbers of CAR T cells in vivo would be helpful to accelerate the translation of cell-based therapies into the clinic, and it may reinforce our understanding of treatment success, failure, and toxicity.
Follicular helper T cells: emerging roles in lymphomagenesis
Authors: Wang Ji-nuo , Zheng Gaofeng , Wu Wenjun , Huang He 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Follicular helper T cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that are fundamental to forming germinal centers, which are the primary sites of antibody affinity maturation and the proliferation of activated B cells. Follicular helper T cells have been extensively studied over the past 10 years, especially regarding their roles in cancer genesis. This review describes the characteristics of normal follicular helper T cells and focuses on the emerging link between follicular helper T cells and lymphomagenesis. Advances in lymphoma genetics have substantially expanded our understanding of the role of follicular helper T cells in lymphomagenesis. Moreover, we detail a range of agents and new therapies, with a major focus on chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy; these novel approaches may offer new treatment opportunities for patients with lymphomas.
Revisiting the standard blueprint for biomarker development to address emerging cancer early detection technologies
Authors: Etzioni Ruth , Gulati Roman , Patriotis Christos , Rutter Carolyn , Zheng Yingye , Srivastava Sudhir , Feng Ziding 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Novel liquid biopsy technologies are creating a watershed moment in cancer early detection. Evidence supporting population screening is nascent, but a rush to market the new tests is prompting cancer early detection researchers to revisit the standard blueprint that the Early Detection Research Network established to evaluate novel screening biomarkers. In this commentary, we review the Early Detection Research Network’s Phases of Biomarker Development (PBD) for rigorous evaluation of novel early detection biomarkers and discuss both hazards and opportunities involved in expedited evaluation. According to the PBD, for a biomarker-based test to be considered for population screening, 1) test sensitivity in a prospective screening setting must be adequate, 2) the shift to early curable stages must be meaningful, and 3) any stage shift must translate into clinically significant mortality benefit. In the past, determining mortality benefit has required lengthy randomized screening trials, but interest is growing in expedited trial designs with shorter-term endpoints. Whether and how best to use such endpoints in a manner that retains the rigor of the PBD remains to be determined. We discuss how computational disease modeling can be harnessed to learn about screening impact and meet the needs of the moment.
Fulvestrant alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via repression of BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Lee Hui-Ju , Kim Yae-Ji , Kim Kyung-Hyun , Cho Sung-Pil , Hong Geum-Lan , Jung Ju-Young 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical disease characterized by a sudden loss of renal function within a few hours or days, due to cisplatin uptake. Fulvestrant is an oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) antagonist used for endocrine therapy. However, the role of fulvestrant in cisplatin-induced AKI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of fulvestrant on the regulation of apoptotic cell death and autophagic response in cisplatin-induced AKI. The human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2) was co-treated with fulvestrant and cisplatin. C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with fulvestrant and cisplatin was administered via intraperitoneal injection. First, cisplatin treatment increased ERα expression, apoptosis, and autophagy in HK-2 cells. Fulvestrant treatment decreased apoptosis and autophagy, which were accompanied by cisplatin treatment in HK-2 cells. Consistent with in vitro results, cisplatin treatment significantly increased ERα expression in vivo. Additionally, cisplatin treatment increased renal injury, apoptosis, and autophagy. Surprisingly, compared to that in the cisplatin-treated mice group, reduced cisplatin-induced renal injury, apoptosis, and autophagy was observed in the cisplatin+fulvestrant-treated mice group. In summary, these results suggest that fulvestrant plays an important role in cisplatin-induced AKI by decreasing apoptosis and autophagy.
Laboratory-Based Correlative Soft X-ray and Fluorescence Microscopy in an Integrated Setup
Authors: Reinhard Julius , Kaleta Sophia , Abel Johann Jakob , Wiesner Felix , Wünsche Martin , Seemann Eric , Westermann Martin , Weber Thomas , Nathanael Jan , Iliou Alexander , Fiedorowicz Henryk , Hillmann Falk , Eggeling Christian , Paulus Gerhard G , Fuchs Silvio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Correlative microscopy is a powerful technique that combines the advantages of multiple imaging modalities to achieve a comprehensive understanding of investigated samples. For example, fluorescence microscopy provides unique functional contrast by imaging only specifically labeled components, especially in biological samples. However, the achievable structural information on the sample in its full complexity is limited. Here, the intrinsic label-free carbon contrast of water window soft X-ray microscopy can complement fluorescence images in a correlative approach ultimately combining nanoscale structural resolution with functional contrast. However, soft X-ray microscopes are complex and elaborate, and are usually installed on large-scale synchrotron radiation sources due to the demanding photon flux requirements. Yet, with modern high-power lasers it has become possible to generate sufficient photon flux from laser-produced plasmas, thus enabling laboratory-based setups. Here, we present a compact table-top soft X-ray microscope with an integrated epifluorescence modality for “in situ” correlative imaging. Samples remain in place when switching between modalities, ensuring identical measurement conditions and avoiding sample alteration or destruction. We demonstrate our new method by multimodal images of several exemplary samples ranging from nanoparticles to various multicolor labeled cell types. A structural resolution of down to 50 nm was reached.
Genetic diversity and microevolution in clinical Cryptococcus isolates from Cameroon
Authors: Sephton-Clark Poppy , Temfack Elvis , Tenor Jennifer L , Toffaletti Dena L , Loyse Angela , Molloy Síle F , Perfect John R , Bicanic Tihana , Harrison Thomas S , Lortholary Olivier , Kouanfack Charles , Cuomo Christina A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis is the second most common cause of death in people living with HIV/AIDS, yet we have a limited understanding of how cryptococcal isolates change over the course of infection. Cryptococcal infections are environmentally acquired, and the genetic diversity of these infecting isolates can also be geographically linked. Here, we employ whole genome sequences for 372 clinical Cryptococcus isolates from 341 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis obtained via a large clinical trial, across both Malawi and Cameroon, to enable population genetic comparisons of isolates between countries. We see that isolates from Cameroon are highly clonal, when compared to those from Malawi, with differential rates of disruptive variants in genes with roles in DNA binding and energy use. For a subset of patients (22) from Cameroon, we leverage longitudinal sampling, with samples taken at days 7 and 14 post-enrollment, to interrogate the genetic changes that arise over the course of infection, and the genetic diversity of isolates within patients. We see disruptive variants arising over the course of infection in several genes, including the phagocytosis-regulating transcription factor GAT204. In addition, in 13% of patients sampled longitudinally, we see evidence for mixed infections. This approach identifies geographically linked genetic variation, signatures of microevolution, and evidence for mixed infections across a clinical cohort of patients affected by cryptococcal meningitis in Central Africa.