bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma in a 50-year-old Eastern
Hermann‘s tortoise (Testudo hermannii boettgeri)
Authors: Müller Jana , Erokhina Anna , Gletscher Isabell , Mittenzwei Frank , Müller Janina , Schikowski Lisa , Cigler Pia , Henrich Manfred 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA 50-year-old female Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermannii
boettgeri) was presented with anorexia and lethargy. Clinical
examination revealed multiple, visually inconspicuous but indentable areas in
the shell corresponding to osteolysis radiographically. Soft tissue nodules and
osteolytic lesions were also noted in the limbs. Laboratory results revealed
elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity and uric acid concentrations,
hypoglycemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Klebsiella oxytoca was isolated from
a biopsied scutal area, and the biopsy suggested neoplasia. After a short period
of clinical improvement, the animal's condition deteriorated, and it
died. Post mortem computed tomography revealed polyostotic lytic lesions of
multiple bones and the shell with associated soft tissue nodules protruding into
the coelom, and nodular lung lesions. Necropsy, histopathology, and
immunohistochemistry secured a diagnosis of a poorly differentiated,
pan-cytokeratin-positive squamous cell carcinoma with widespread soft tissue and
bone metastases, osteolysis and desmoplasia.
Effects of acclimation temperature and exposure time on the scope for growth of the blackfoot Pāua (Haliotis iris)
Authors: Nguyen Thuy T. , Marsden Islay D. , Davison William , Pirker John 
Published: November 2023

Context Climate change and increased seawater temperatures can greatly affect physiological processes and growth of marine ectotherms, including the blackfoot haliotid, Pāua (Haliotis iris). Scope for growth (SFG) is a laboratory-derived measure of the energy available for growth but this has not been examined in Pāua. Aims To measure SFG of seasonally collected Pāua and their haemolymph parameters at constant acclimation temperatures of 12, 15, 18 and 21°C for 28 days. Methods Energy available for growth was measured from kelp food and losses due to respiration and ammonia excretion calculated on Days 1, 14, 21 and 28 of acclimation. Haemolymph parameters were also measured. Key results After 3 days of acclimation, SFG was highly variable. Following 2 weeks of acclimation, SFG was positive for all temperatures. Respiration and excretion energies depended on both acclimation temperature and time. Haemolymph parameters were affected by acclimation temperature. Conclusion Pāua have limited ability to acclimate to a temperature 21°C suggesting that they would not grow effectively at this temperature. Implications This research suggests that adult Pāua can be adversely affected by increased seawater temperature, resulting from climate change and this could affect their future growth and distribution.
South Africa’s unjust climate reparations: a critique of the Just Energy Transition Partnership
Authors: Lenferna Alex 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
This briefing critically discusses the moral question of whether South Africa deserves climate reparations. It examines the deeply unequal and polluting nature of the South African economy in order to demonstrate how claims from South Africa for climate finance and reparations are morally complex and fraught. For South Africa’s claims for climate reparations and finance to be justified, the article proposes two conditions. First, that South Africa act in line with its fair share of global climate action. Second, that climate finance must help to transform South Africa’s deeply unjust society and bring benefits not to the rich elite, who themselves owe climate reparations, but to the majority, especially the poor, Black and working class.
Applying these two principles, the briefing asks whether the Just Energy Transition (JET) Partnership and the accompanying Investment Plan announced by President Cyril Ramaphosa meet those conditions. It argues that they potentially fail to meet both. The piece also warns that global South countries must be critical of JET Partnership funding models, as they may be used as tools to entrench the interests of international financiers who seek to dominate the clean energy future. To counteract such a possibility, climate justice movements should work to ensure that climate finance is a true fulfilment of climate debt owed to the global South, which works to ensure meaningful social, economic and ecological justice.
The author writes this piece not just from an academic perspective as a postdoctoral research fellow. He also writes it from his perspective as the elected General Secretary of the South African Climate Justice Coalition – a coalition of over 50 trade union, grassroots, community-based and non-profit organisations working together to advance a transformative climate justice agenda. In his role as general secretary, he has engaged with coalition member organisations and worked to build a shared and critical activist agenda towards both the JET Partnership and the South African government’s response to the climate crisis more generally.
Research on high sensitivity integrated transmit and receive hydroacoustic transducer
Authors: Su Jintao , Wang Hongwei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In response to the application demand in the field of hydroacoustic for high efficiency transmitting and high sensitivity receiving, overlapping frequency bands of transmitting and receiving, and structurally integrated high frequency hydroacoustic transducer. In this paper, a high-sensitivity transducer with integrated transmit and receive is developed. The transducer consists of two parts: the transmitting unit is 1–3 type piezoelectric composite material; the receiving unit is single metal plate air column array structure, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is improved by changing the piezoelectric ceramic structure, thus improving the receiving sensitivity. Through theoretical analysis and finite element analysis determined the conditions of integration of transmitting and receiving. Finally, the transducer prototype was fabricated and tested. The results showed that the resonant frequency of the transmitter unit was 249 kHz, the anti-resonant frequency of the receiver unit was 253 kHz, and the maximum transmit voltage response and receive sensitivity were 180.1 dB and −175.8 dB, respectively, which satisfied the transceiver condition and high sensitivity performance.
Predictive analytics of conductance and HOMO-LUMO gaps with topological descriptors of porphyrin nanosheets
Authors: Junias J Singh , Clement Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Porphyrins are planar tetrapyrolic aromatic molecules that serve as a host for the formation of metal coordination complexes, which enable additional capabilities. The 2D porphyrin derivative sheets attracted interest due to their versatility and capacity to interact with other chemicals due to the existence of a core metal ion. Topological descriptors are employed as a predictive technique to determine the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of molecules by considering the molecular structure of compounds as molecular graphs. This paper investigates the degree and degree sum based descriptors of some potential porphyrin derivative nanosheets, using the edge partition method. We also demonstrate a predictive model for analyzing the electrical conductance of porphyrin derivative nanosheets using degree and degree sum based topological descriptors. Furthermore, the Shannon’s information entropies of these porphyrin derivatives are investigated, and the HOMO-LUMO gap of these nanostructures is predicted using these entropy.
A comparative analysis of flexible pvdf based smart films for advanced electromagnetic shielding applications using a machine learning approach
Authors: Nivedhitha D M , Jeyanthi S , Rajalakshmi R , Valarmathi P , Viswapriyan A S , Nishaanth S Guru , ManoRanjith S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to emerging technology, the usage of electronic gadgets has paved a route for the arousal of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) pollution. Electromagnetic pollution is considered a global threat that can harm all biological systems and technological equipment. To overcome this issue, a suitable shielding material has to be implemented to attenuate the incoming electromagnetic waves. On the other hand, compared to traditional materials, recently, polymers have grabbed excellent responses in various fields of material science and modern chemistry. Specifically, functional polymers are increasing their scope in industry and academia due to their unique features, such as magnetic, catalysis, optical and piezoelectric properties. In this regard, Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), a well-known semicrystalline polymer from the family of Fluoropolymers, has achieved remarkable in various applications of sensors, actuators, biomedical scaffolds and energy harvesting devices. PVDF has also contributed excellent outcomes as a shielding material as they are transparent to light and flexible. Hence, this research work attempts to fabricate PVDF thin films with various weight percentages of nanofillers such as Zinc oxide (ZnO), Zirconium oxide (ZrO2), and Titanium dioxide (TiO2). Further, all the samples were tested for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE). Further, these experimental results were compared with statistical and computational approaches such as the Gradient Descent Algorithm (GDA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Based on the experimental results, it was observed that the PVDF nanofilm fabricated with 0.3 wt% of ZrO2, 0.5 wt% of TiO2and 0.3 wt% of ZnO nanofillers had achieved a maximum EMI SE of 11.4 dB at X-band frequency of 8–12 GHz.
Heat engines of the Kerr-AdS black hole
Authors: Zhong Yi , Du Yun-Zhi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate three types of heat engines for the rotating Kerr-Anti de Sitter (Kerr-AdS) black hole. We first briefly review the thermodynamics and phase structure of the Kerr-AdS black hole and obtain the phase structure in the T–S chart. The thermal stability of Kerr-AdS black holes, along with their dependence on various parameters, is thoroughly examined. Then, by utilizing the phase diagram, we consider three types of heat engines: the maximal Carnot engine, Stirling engine, and Rankine engine. We calculate both the work and efficiency for these engines. The results indicate that angular momentum has a significant influence on these heat engines.
Dealing with the Data Imbalance Problem in Pulsar Candidate Sifting Based on Feature Selection
Authors: Lin Haitao , Li Xiangru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pulsar detection has become an active research topic in radio astronomy recently. One of the essential procedures for pulsar detection is pulsar candidate sifting (PCS), a procedure for identifying potential pulsar signals in a survey. However, pulsar candidates are always class-imbalanced, as most candidates are non-pulsars such as RFI and only a tiny part of them are from real pulsars. Class imbalance can greatly affect the performance of machine learning (ML) models, resulting in a heavy cost as some real pulsars are misjudged. To deal with the problem, techniques of choosing relevant features to discriminate pulsars from non-pulsars are focused on, which is known as feature selection. Feature selection is a process of selecting a subset of the most relevant features from a feature pool. The distinguishing features between pulsars and non-pulsars can significantly improve the performance of the classifier even if the data are highly imbalanced. In this work, an algorithm for feature selection called the K-fold Relief-Greedy (KFRG) algorithm is designed. KFRG is a two-stage algorithm. In the first stage, it filters out some irrelevant features according to their K-fold Relief scores, while in the second stage, it removes the redundant features and selects the most relevant features by a forward greedy search strategy. Experiments on the data set of the High Time Resolution Universe survey verified that ML models based on KFRG are capable of PCS, correctly separating pulsars from non-pulsars even if the candidates are highly class-imbalanced.
The Application of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Small Electrical Time Constant in Fiber Positioner
Authors: Guo Shaoxiong , Yang Yan , Yin Yanbin , Tang Yihu , Tian Yang , Zhai Chao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the development of cutting-edge multi-object spectrographs, fiber positioners located in the focal plane are being scaled down in size, and miniature hollow-cup Permanent Magnet motors are now being considered as a suitable replacement for Faulhaber Precistep stepper motors. However, the small electrical time constant of such coreless motors poses a challenge, as the problem of severe commutation torque ripple in a fiber positioner running a position loop has been tricky. To overcome this challenge, it is advised to increase the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) frequency as much as possible to mitigate the effects of the current fluctuation. This must be done while ensuring adequate resolution of the PWM generator. By employing a voltage open-loop field-oriented control based on a modulation frequency of 1 MHz, the drive current only costs 25 mA under a 3.3 V power supply. The sine degree of phase current is immaculate, and the repeat positioning accuracy can reach 2 μm. Moreover, it is possible to further shrink the bill of devices and the layout area of the Printed Circuit Board, especially in size-sensitive applications. This device has been developed under the new generation of The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope.
The research progress of an E//B neutral particle analyzer
Authors: MA 马 Long 龙 , QU 屈 Yufan 玉凡 , LUO 罗 Yuan 圆 , XIE 谢 Dehao 德豪 , WANG 汪 Yanxi 彦熹 , WANG 王 Shuo 硕 , QU 曲 Guofeng 国峰 , REN 任 Peipei 培培 , LUO 罗 Xiaobing 小兵 , LIU 刘 Xingquan 星泉 , HAN 韩 Jifeng 纪锋 , WADA Roy , LIN 林 Weiping 炜平 , ZANG 臧 Linge 临阁 , ZHU 朱 Jingjun 敬军 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An

//

neutral particle analyzer (NPA) has been designed and is under development at Sichuan University and Southwestern Institute of Physics. The main purpose of the

//

NPA is to measure the distribution function of fast ions in the HL-2A/3 tokamak. The

//

NPA contains three main units, i.e. the stripping unit, the analyzing unit and the detection unit. A gas stripping chamber was adopted as the stripping unit. The results of the simulations and beam tests for the stripping chamber are presented. Parallel electric and magnetic fields provided by a NdFeB permanent magnet and two parallel electric plates were designed and constructed for the analyzing unit. The calibration of the magnetic and electric fields was performed using a 50 kV electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) platform. The detection unit consists of 32 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) detector modules arranged in two rows. The response functions of

, hydrogen ions (

,

and

) and

for a detector module were measured with

Am,

Cs and

Eu sources together with the 50 kV ECRIS platform. The overall results indicate that the designed

//

NPA device is capable of measuring the intensity of neutral hydrogen and deuteron atoms with energy higher than 20 keV.
Sensitive Blood-Based Detection of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptides for Disease Diagnosis by Immuno-Affinity Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Method Development and Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Li Lin , Lyon Christopher J , LaCourse Sylvia M , Zheng Wenshu , Stern Joshua , Escudero Jaclyn N , Murithi Wilfred Bundi , Njagi Lilian , John-Stewart Grace , Hawn Thomas R , Nduba Videlis , Abdelgaliel Wael , Tombler Thomas , Horne David , Jiang Li , Hu Tony Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Novel approaches that allow early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of both human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and tuberculosis disease (TB) are essential to improve patient outcomes.

Methods
We developed and validated an immuno-affinity liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (ILM) assay that simultaneously quantifies single peptides derived from HIV-1 p24 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10) in trypsin-digested serum derived from cryopreserved serum archives of cohorts of adults and children with/without HIV and TB.

Results
ILM p24 and CFP10 results demonstrated good intra-laboratory precision and accuracy, with recovery values of 96.7% to 104.6% and 88.2% to 111.0%, total within-laboratory precision (CV) values of 5.68% to 13.25% and 10.36% to 14.92%, and good linearity (r2 &gt; 0.99) from 1.0 to 256.0 pmol/L and 0.016 to 16.000 pmol/L, respectively. In cohorts of adults (n = 34) and children (n = 17) with HIV and/or TB, ILM detected p24 and CFP10 demonstrated 85.7% to 88.9% and 88.9% to 100.0% diagnostic sensitivity for HIV-1 and TB, with 100% specificity for both, and detected HIV-1 infection earlier than 3 commercial p24 antigen/antibody immunoassays. Finally, p24 and CFP10 values measured in longitudinal serum samples from children with HIV-1 and TB distinguished individuals who responded to TB treatment from those who failed to respond or were untreated, and who developed TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Conclusions
Simultaneous ILM evaluation of p24 and CFP10 results may allow for early TB and HIV detection and provide valuable information on treatment response to facilitate integration of TB and HIV diagnosis and management.
Epigenetic Aging Is Associated With Measures of Midlife Muscle Volume and Attenuation in CARDIA Study
Authors: Gao Tao , Zheng Yinan , Joyce Brian T , Kho Minjung , Terry James G , Wang Jun , Nannini Drew , Carr John Jeffrey , Nair Sangeeta , Zhang Kai , Zhao Wei , Jacobs David R , Schreiner Pamela J , Greenland Philip , Lloyd-Jones Donald , Smith Jennifer A , Hou Lifang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
GrimAge acceleration (GAA), an epigenetic marker that represents physiologic aging, is associated with age-related diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the associations between GAA and muscle mass and function are unknown.

Methods
We estimated measures of GAA in 1 118 Black and White participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study at exam years (Y) 15 (2000–2001) and 20 (2005–2006). Abdominal muscle composition was measured using CT scans at the Y25 (2010–2011) visit. We used multivariate regression models to examine associations of GAA estimates with muscle imaging measurements.

Results
In the CARDIA study, each 1-year higher GAA was associated with an average 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6%, 1.5%) higher intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) volume for abdominal muscles. Each 1-year higher GAA was associated with an average −0.089 Hounsfield unit (HU; 95% CI: −0.146, −0.032) lower lean muscle attenuation and an average −0.049 HU (95% CI: −0.092, −0.007) lower IMAT attenuation for abdominal muscles. Stratified analyses showed that GAA was more strongly associated with higher abdominal muscle IMAT volume in females and significantly associated with lower lean muscle attenuation for White participants only.

Conclusions
Higher GAA is associated with higher abdominal muscle IMAT volume and lower lean muscle attenuation in a midlife population.
Geographic variability in the seasonality of euphausiid diel vertical migrations among three locations in coastal British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Ens Nicholas J , Dower John F , Gauthier Stéphane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a behaviour observed across zooplankton taxa in marine and limnetic systems worldwide. DVM influences biogeochemical cycling and carbon drawdown in oceanic systems and alters prey availability for zooplanktivorous species. DVM has been well studied among zooplankton, and many exogenous and endogenous triggers as well as adaptive significances have been hypothesized. However, second-order variability in DVM timing, the deviation of DVM times to respective dawn and dusk times throughout the year, is a less-studied phenomenon that can help identify the factors influencing migration timing as well as demonstrate the changes of DVM behaviours within and across systems. Here, we quantified seasonal trends in second-order variability of DVM timing of euphausiids at Brooks Peninsula, Clayoquot Canyon, and Saanich Inlet near Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, over multiple years using upward-facing moored echosounders. We used generalized additive mixed models to characterize this seasonality. DVM timing relative to civil twilight times showed strong seasonality at all locations, with euphausiids remaining near the surface longer than expected in spring and summer, and shorter than expected in winter. Euphausiids spent less time near the surface at Brooks Peninsula and Clayoquot Canyon than at Saanich Inlet throughout the year. Increased primary productivity in Saanich Inlet, which reduced light penetration and hid euphausiids from visual predators, likely drove this difference. Our findings confirm that proper understanding of DVM behaviours must account for seasonal variability due to context-specific oceanographic and ecological parameters. This is particularly pertinent when attempting to model the biogeochemical or predator–prey interactions influenced by DVM behaviours.
What Are the Advantages of a FE-EPMA or FE-SEM (Even When Not Analyzing Submicron Features at Low kV and High Beam Current)?
Authors: Robertson Vernon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Field emission electron probe microanalyzers (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) have improved in both the hardware and software. They have become workhorse instruments for imaging secondary (SE) and backscattered (BSE) electrons. Recent advancements in technology provide qualitative quantitative analysis and X-ray maps at lower kVs and higher beam current without significantly enlarging the beam diameter. On EPMAs and SEMs with W and LaB6 electron guns, spatial resolution for microanalysis was ∼1 micron. Now, with field emission (FE) guns, resolution of 300 nm for quantitative analysis and mapping of elements well below 100 nm are possible. Software has also become more user-friendly and has advanced automation algorithms that allow the “non-expert” EPMA user to collect data. However, the best part of automation sits in the user’s chair. The new EPMAs and SEMs can collect very good data, but if they don’t answer the question that is being asked, they have no use.