bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fellow Humanist
Authors: Harries Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Richard Dawkins is a brilliant writer and speaker on science. His grasp of the subject and his use of vivid analogies can explain scientific concepts and make them clear even for the non-scientist. I think, for example, of his recent discussion on Radio four with Jonathan Miller on extended phenotypes. of many examples in his writings I refer to his explanation of ‘intermediates’ and why creationists are confused in calling for evidence that, by definition, could never be produced in the form they seek.1 Then there is his sense of excitement at what has been or might be intellectually explained whilst his passion for scientific truth can arouse interest in even the most unscientific mind. If pupils at school were taught science by teachers with some of these gifts, the role and status of science in our society today would be very different.
Every Indication of Inadvertent Solicitude
Authors: Pullman Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I think it’s fair to guess that most of Richard Dawkins’ many readers are not using The Selfish Gene and its successors as textbooks to help them pass science exams. That he is a highly distinguished scientist is not in question, but many scientists have achieved great distinction—and indeed written textbooks— without once writing a popular best-seller. Nor is it likely that a large part of his readership has mistaken their nature, and gone to his books in search of evidence that Charles Darwin, contrary to popular belief, was a secret member of the Templars and spent his life tracing the blood-line of Jesus Christ by means of the secret code embedded in the shells of Galapagos tortoises.
Resisting the Buck-Passing Account of Value
Authors: Va¨yrynen Pekka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
T. M. Scanlon’s ‘‘buck-passing account’’ of value continues a long tradition of analyzing value in terms of non-evaluative normative notions. Buckpassers about value hold (speaking roughly for now) that to be valuable is nothing more or other than to have other properties that provide reasons for certain positive responses— namely, certain ‘‘pro-attitudes’’ and/or actions expressive of them— to the bearers of those properties. This is to pass the normative ‘‘buck’’ from value onto other properties: the reasons to favor valuable things are provided not by their value but by the properties that make them valuable (Scanlon, 1998: 97). To illustrate, as the prospects of reaching Mordor turn bleak and Frodo Baggins’s spirit falters, Samwise Gamgee tries to lift Frodo’s mood with an evaluative claim: ‘‘There’s some good in this world, and it’s worth fighting for.’’ According to the format of analysis favored by buck-passers, the fact that something is worth fighting for would just be the fact that it has other properties that provide
reasons to fight for it. In this paper, I first clarify my target by addressing questions about buck-passers’ format of value analysis, and about its scope in particular. I then build a resistance front to the buck-passing account of value by raising problems for its various forms.
Principles of Systematic Lexicography
Authors: Apresjan Juri D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For Sue Atkins from an admirer Up till quite recently there has been a gap between lexicography and linguistic theory. More-over, in some quarters lexicography was looked down upon as a purely practical enterprise unworthy of scholarly interest. I am convinced, however, that sound lexicography can only be based on sound linguistic theory and that recent theoretical developments are of paramount importance for practical dictionary making. One of the most fascinating manifestations of a specific ‘world-view’ are the so-called obligatory meanings, i.e. meanings which a certain language forces its speakers to express no matter whether they are important for the essence of their messages or not. After F. Boas and R. Jakobson it has become customary to oppose grammatical and lexical meanings as obligatory and non-obligatory. Grammatical meanings, e.g. number in English substantives, are claimed to be obligatory in the sense that they must be expressed every time when the speaker uses the respective part of speech. For example, in the phrase Telephone is a useful invention the noun telephone is used in the singular, although quantity is absolutely immaterial for the essence of the speaker’s thought. What is actually spoken of is not the number of concrete objects but a certain technical way of conveying messages. By contrast, lexical meanings were presumed to be optional in the sense that they are expressed only when there is actual communicative need for them.
Recent Trends in English Pedagogical Lexicography
Authors: Rundell Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have to look in the dictionary to find out what a virgin is ... The dictionary says, Virgin, woman (usually a young woman) who is and remains in a state of inviolate chastity. Now I have to look up inviolate and chastity and all I can find here is that inviolate means not violated and chastity means chaste and that means pure from unlawful sexual intercourse. Now I have to look up intercourse and that leads to intromission ... I don’t know what that means and I’m too weary going from one word to another in this heavy dictionary ... and all because the people who wrote the dictionary don’t want the likes of me to know anything. Frank McCourt, Angela’s Ashes (1996), ch. XII, p. 333. The English monolingual learner’s dictionary (MLD) currently occupies one of the most fiercely competitive marketplaces in the publishing world. The number of serious players at the advanced-learner level has now – with the recent appearance of US and Australian titles – reached double figures. This makes it all the more surprising that Hornby’s Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary (ISED: 1942) and its Oxford successors had the field virtually to themselves for over 30 years. Since Hornby’s dictionary met its first real challenge, with the publication in 1978 of the first Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE1), the pace of change has been rapid – driven by a combination of theoretically-informed innovation, astonishing technological advances, and the creativity of dictionary-publishers in responding to the known and perceived needs of users.
Introduction
Authors: Portner Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a book about semantic theories of modality.
I am not too comfortable trying to define modality, but a definition provides a useful place to start: modality is the linguistic phenomenon whereby grammar allows one to say things about, or on the basis of, situations which need not be real. Let’s take an example: I say “You should see a doctor.” I am saying something about situations in which you see a doctor; in particular, I am saying that some of them are better than comparable situations in which you don’t see a doctor. Notice that what I say can be useful and true even though you do not see a doctor. Thus, what I say concerns situations which need not be real.
Ptilochronology
Authors: Grubb Thomas C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first book to summarize the methods, conceptual issues and results of studies using the interpretation of feather growth rates as an index of nutritional condition in birds. The author has coined the term ptilochronology (literally, 'the study of feather time') to describe this technique, which relies on the fact that as a feather grows it produces visible growth bars. Both the technique and its conceptual foundations have been applied worldwide to numerous studies of avian evolution, ecology, and conservation biology. The author reviews this work, chronicles the various criticisms that have been made, and describes how these have influenced the development of ptilochronology. He goes on to suggest experimental methodologies and analytical techniques to safeguard against invalid results. A final chapter summarises this new technique's contribution to avian biology, and suggests potential applications and a future research agenda. An appendix details specific measurements and describes the methodology associated with ptilochronology. Ptilochronology provides a practical resource as well as a conceptual understanding of how this technique can be used to address important questions in avian biology. It will be of relevance and use to professional avian biologists and ornithologists as well as to graduate students of avian behavioural ecology, evolution and conservation.
Does any factor other than nutritional condition control feather growth?
Authors: Grubb Thomas C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 1, I argued that reduced nutritional condition could be a sufficient cause of reduced feather growth rates. I now consider several projects that searched for other factors that could cause variation in feather growth rate. Knowing the impact of such factors might help us decide how freely we may invoke poor nutrition as the cause of narrower growth bars. Three relevant studies are available, a descriptive account of circannual rhythms and two manipulative laboratory studies, one addressed to ambient temperature or wind chill, and the other to follicle history.
Modes and Keys: Cellular Harmony
Authors: Noble Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Charles Darwin was a man for islands. What he liked about them was their isolation. He did not enjoy isolation for its own sake, of course, but he did appreciate the chance to study species that, being isolated, had developed in unique ways. This is how he made some of the key discoveries that led up to his theory of evolution by natural selection. He was studying forms of life, particularly birds and tortoises, in the Galapagos. The various islands in this archipelago ofif the coast of South America were more or less cut ofif from one another. The animal species on these islands had consequently diverged from each other.
Introduction
Authors: Stores Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The scientific approach to children’s sleep problem is relatively new; however, much information of practical value now exists but is not sufficiently well known.
This book aims to inform parents and others about the modern approach to such problems.
It must be the case that from earliest times children have caused their parents grief because they would not or could not sleep well. Some early depictions of domestic scenes show babies sleeping contentedly, but quite the opposite is acknowledged in, for example, Thomas Phaire’s Boke of Chyldren, the first paediatrics textbook in English, published in 1545.
Lack of sleep as a cause of being very sleepy
Authors: Stores Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If your child is often very sleepy, the first thing to determine is whether he is getting enough sleep for his age.
Try to assess how many hours he is actually asleep at night, not just how long he spends in bed.
Consider the possible reasons for actual loss of sleep (discussed in Chapters 5–7), depending on your child’s age.
This is very unlikely. Most people (including children) will be affected by not having enough sleep. They may forget how they used to feel and be pleasantly surprised how much better they are if their sleep improves.
Parasomnias when deeply asleep: ‘arousal disorders’
Authors: Stores Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These sleep disorders (which include sleepwalking) are common in children, who usually grow out of them before adulthood.
The tendency to have these disorders is often inherited. Some can be alarming for parents to witness, but, as the child remains asleep during the episodes, he himself will not actually be distressed.
There can be a risk, however, that the child will be accidentally injured. Parents need to know what to do and what not to do when these episodes occur.
Getting help with your child’s sleep problem
Authors: Stores Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The help needed for your child’s sleep problem, and who might provide it, depends on how complicated the problem is. The sequence of possible steps in obtaining help can be: self-help (only useful up to a point); consulting your GP or health visitor; seeing a hospital specialist; and attending a sleep disorders clinic. Precise diagnosis should lead to effective treatment if carried out properly.
Fact: Although there is room for improvement in the provision of help with sleep problems, many effective treatments of different types have been developed and can be made available if the right avenues are explored.
Discussion Summary: Patient Characteristics In Headache Clinics
Authors: Dahlöf Carl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Comorbidity is an important factor in severely affected patients in headache clinics. A subset of patients with medication overuse have also abused other substances, and thus are generally abuse prone. Depression is very often comorbid with migraine, especially in headache clinic patients and the same is true for anxiety. The usefulness of having an experienced psychiatrist associated with a headache centre has been experienced by several multidisciplinary headache clinics. The psychiatrist should supplement and support the psychologists of the headache centre when patients have serious psychiatric comorbidity. The spectrum of patients seen in a headache clinic varies enormously from setting to setting.
Provocation And Treatment As Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Goadsby Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders runs to 160 pages, which reflects the complexity of headache disorders. Here I will consider issues around the differential diagnosis of primary headaches. Secondary headache differential diagnosis is well covered in general headache texts and elsewhere in this volume (see also, Ducros and Evers in this volume). Given that 20–25 per cent of consultations to neurologists are for headache, it is not surprising that some patients can be difficult to diagnose. As diagnosis underpins all management, we have evolved some approaches on an inpatient basis to assist us in clinical practice. In this chapter I will deal with provocative challenges first, and then with treatment courses as a diagnostic tool. To some extent what is done here represents what we have developed as approaches to disentangling the complex problems referred to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (London) over the last decade.
The Team Approach (Overall Concept And Use Of Other Specialties)
Authors: Mathew Ninan T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recurrent headaches diminish quality of life, decrease job and social functioning, and increase utilization of healthcare resources. Even though patients with primary headaches utilize resources and cost health plans more than other chronic diseases, in general, they are dissatisfied with the care they receive. Controlled data on the efficacy of multidisciplinary headache management is sparse. Recent reports from headache centres confirm the large clinical experience that a disease management model using a multidisciplinary team improved individualized patient care and outcome in those with complex chronic headaches.
Discussion Summary: Multidisciplinary Management— Medication Overuse
Authors: Goadsby Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moreover, it is likely that in some patients’ headache frequency increases first, and this is followed by a change in acute medication. Certainly it is clear that not all patients with migraine have a change in headache when exposed to daily use of analgesics, and not all get better when the frequent use is stopped. The former is best illustrated by observations in rheumatology and gastroenterology clinics where patients have been observed who use, for example, opioids daily and have a background history of migraine but do not develop daily headache. Remarkably patients with other primary headaches, such as cluster headache or SUNCT (Short-lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing), can develop either increased frequency of primary headache or an interparoxysmal headache with medication overuse. Dr Katsarava remarked that his clinical data and new data with the nociception-specific blink reflex (this volume) are consistent with the above analysis.
National Healthcare Plans For Headache?
Authors: Steiner T J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Headache disorders—common neurological complaints—significantly damage health and life-style. Migraine alone is the 19th greatest cause of disability worldwide. Collectively, measurably affecting half the adults of the world, headache disorders are almost certainly among the top 10 causes of disability, and in the top five in women. In the USA and EU, an estimated 1 000 000 people are absent from work or school every working day because of migraine. If the preceding sentence is true, at least equal losses are attributable to other headache disorders.
Literary and Scientific Institutions in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony
Authors: Dubow Saul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the Cape colony was first captured from the Dutch in 1795 it was, according to the historian de Kiewiet, 'economically more undeveloped, politically more inexperienced, and culturally more backward than any of the greater colonies of settlement. After one and a half centuries the Colony contained one town worthy of the name, and five or six little villages. The rest of the population was scattered over an immense area.'1 Little had changed by the time of the British reoccupation of the Cape in 1806, notwithstanding some energetic efforts to improve its prosperity during the preceding three-year Batavian interlude.
Of Special Colonial Interest: The Cape Monthly Magazine and the Circulation of Ideas
Authors: Dubow Saul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A further register of the confidence in colonial achievement that characterized the Cape at mid-century was the launch of the Cape Monthly Magazine in January 1857. Although not the first literary venture of this type, the Monthly was notably more ambitious and successful than any of its periodical predecessors. It lay at the very centre of the interlocking network of institutions that constituted the focus of the previous chapter-the South African Library, Museum, and the Botanical Gardens-and it did much to promote these by carrying reports and commentaries relating to their activities.
Representation and Productive Ambiguity in Mathematics and the Sciences
Authors: Grosholz Emily R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emily Grosholz offers an original investigation of demonstration in mathematics and science, examining how it works and why it is persuasive. Focusing on geometrical demonstration, she shows the roles that representation and ambiguity play in mathematical discovery. She presents a wide range of case studies in mechanics, topology, algebra, logic, and chemistry, from ancient Greece to the present day, but focusing particularly on the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. She argues that reductive methods are effective not because they diminish but because they multiply and juxtapose modes of representation. Such problem-solving is, she argues, best understood in terms of Leibnizian ‘analysis’ - the search for conditions of intelligibility. Discovery and justification are then two aspects of one rational way of proceeding, which produces the mathematician’s formal experience. Grosholz defends the importance of iconic, as well as symbolic and indexical, signs in mathematical representation, and argues that pragmatic, as well as syntactic and semantic, considerations are indispensable for mathematical reasoning. By taking a close look at the way results are presented on the page in mathematical (and biological, chemical, and mechanical) texts, she shows that when two or more traditions combine in the service of problem solving, notations and diagrams are sublty altered, multiplied, and juxtaposed, and surrounded by prose in natural language which explains the novel combination. Viewed this way, the texts yield striking examples of language and notation that are irreducibly ambiguous and productive because they are ambiguous. Grosholtz’s arguments, which invoke Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant, will be of considerable interest to philosophers and historians of mathematics and science, and also have far-reaching consequences for epistemology and philosophy of language.
Bioorganic Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Grosholz Emily R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It makes sense to formalize inference. It doesn’t make sense to formalize a molecule; rather, we say that we represent the molecule using a variety of modes and solve problems about it by various reductive strategies. One such strategy is to analyze the molecule in terms of its symmetries, and then use that group of automorphisms, mapped onto suitable groups of matrices, to investigate it as a dynamical system and construct molecular orbitals in terms of atomic orbitals.
Geometry, Algebra, and Topology
Authors: Grosholz Emily R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I return to the notion of mathematical experience, as it is treated by Jules Vuillemin in his book La Philosophie de l’alge`bre, in order to bring the discussion of mathematical rationality out of the seventeenth century and into the twentieth. I want to show that the patterns of argument I have described in the last three chapters also hold for the structuralist mathematics of the twentieth century, and for mathematical logic and set theory.
Italian irregular plurals in -a
Authors: Acquaviva Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our first case study involves a small class of Italian irregular nouns featuring a mix of morphological and semantic idiosyncrasies, the most obvious being that they agree as masculines in the singular but as feminines in the plural. These plurals display several of the morphological and semantic properties we have seen in Part l as typical of lexicalized plurals.
Arabic broken plurals
Authors: Acquaviva Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A long and illustrious grammatical tradition has labelled ‘broken plural’ (jamf mukassarkass,pluralis, plumlis fractus) an Arabic pluralization pattern which con sists in reshaping the stem of the singular: for example, the singular kalb ‘dog’, is altered (‘broken’) to form the plural kifoab ‘dogs’.
Service users’ expectations and views of mental health nurses
Authors: Callaghan Patrick , Playle John , Cooper Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The primary role of mental health professionals and services is to meet the defined health needs of the individuals they serve, ultimately service users (SUs) and their carers. Whilst this is a rather obvious statement, it can as a core principle easily get lost in the design and delivery of care. As with any public serv- ice there are often many different competing agendas, politi- cal, professional, and economic, that may lead to the importance of SU views and expectations lacking the priority they deserve. However, there is a growing recognition that the involvement and views of SUs and carers is an important prin- ciple and quality measure. It is vital that mental health nurses (MHNs) work together in partnership with SUs based on a clear understanding of their needs and negotiated expectations. At a wider level it is important to take a systematic approach to reviewing the evidence base related to SUs’ expectations and views of MHNs in order to advance understanding of the con- tribution that MHNs can make to the modernization of mental health care provision.