bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of family and peer relations in adolescent antisocial behaviour: comparison of four ethnic groups
Authors: Deković Maja , Wissink Inge B. , Marie Meijer Anne 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTThe dominant theories about the development of antisocial behaviour during adolescence are based almost entirely on research conducted with mainstream, white, middle‐class adolescents. The present study addresses this significant gap in the literature by examining whether the same model of family and peer influence on antisocial behaviour is applicable to adolescents belonging to different ethnic groups. The sample included 603 adolescents (318 females and 285 males) from four ethnic groups: 68% of adolescents were Dutch, 11% were Moroccan, 13% were Turkish and 8% were Surinamese. The questionnaires assessing antisocial behaviour, quality of parent–adolescent relationship and involvement with deviant peers were completed by adolescents individually at schools. Results show few ethnic differences in the mean level of the assessed constructs: adolescents from different ethnic groups show similar levels of antisocial behaviour, are to a similar degree satisfied with their relationships with parents, disclose as much information to them, and do not differ in their involvement with deviant peers. However, the associations of parent and peer relations with antisocial behaviour differed across the ethnic groups.
Inhibition of nitric oxide can ameliorate apoptosis and modulate matrix protein gene expression in bacteria infected chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Lee M. S. , Tu Y. K. , Chao C. C. K. , Chen S. C. , Chen C. Y. , Chan Y. S. , Yeh W. L. , Ueng S. W. N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBacterial infection stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production in chondrocytes. However, the role of NO in chondrocyte apoptosis after infection remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to test if inhibition of NO could ameliorate apoptosis and modulate matrix protein gene expression in bacteria‐infected chondrocytes. It was shown that pre‐treating chondrocytes with L‐NAME (1 mM) significantly decreased the release of NO (from 72 to 14 μM) and the extent of apoptosis (from 52.9% to 18.9%). Pre‐treatment with L‐NAME also counteracted the bacteria‐induced downregulation of Type II collagen (from 26% to 79%) and aggrecan (from 63% to 105%) mRNA levels. Inhibition of NO after the induction of infection could not decrease the extent of apoptosis and modulate matrix protein gene expression. The results of this study support the hypothesis that NO has an important role in bacteriainduced chondrocyte apoptosis. Pre‐treatment but not post‐treatment could ameliorate the extent of apoptosis and reestablish the cartilage matrix protein gene expression. This study suggests that in addition to NO, other mechanisms may be responsible for the sustained destruction of articular cartilage in the post‐infectious arthropathy. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Associative nitrogen fixation, C4photosynthesis, and the evolution of spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) as major pests of neotropical sugarcane and forage grasses
Authors: Thompson V. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNeotropical grass-feeding spittlebugs of several genera are important pests of pasture grasses from the southeastern USA to northern Argentina, and of sugarcane from southern Mexico to southern Brazil, causing estimated reductions of up to 70% in yield and estimated monetary losses of US $840–2100 million annually. With few exceptions, the species badly damaged by these spittlebugs are introduced C4grasses that exhibit associative nitrogen fixation. This study synthesizes evidence that the pest status of many tropical and subtropical grass-feeding spittlebugs is linked to associative N-fixation in their C4hosts. Recognition that associative N-fixation is a major factor in spittlebug host preferences should deepen understanding of spittlebug agricultural ecology and facilitate efforts to combat spittlebug pests. In particular, spittlebugs should be susceptible to manipulation of xylem transport solutes. However, reduction of nitrate fertilizer rates, increase in ammonium fertilizer rates, or enhancement of associative N-fixation as a consequence of genetic engineering could make hosts more susceptible to spittlebug attack. Because of their predilection for C4grasses, spittlebugs present a clear counterexample to the hypothesis that herbivores prefer C3plants to C4plants. Finally, it appears that declines in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during recent geological history promoted the proliferation of C4grasses. This, compounded by human agricultural activities, has driven an ecological and evolutionary radiation of grass-feeding spittlebugs that presents continuing opportunities for the evolution of spittlebug pests.
On the relevance of abundance and spatial pattern for interpretations of host–parasite association data
Authors: Cumming G.S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe quantification of host–parasite associations from field data is a fundamental step towards understanding host–parasite and host-parasite–pathogen dynamics. For parasites that are not rigid host specialists, exemplified in this paper by ticks, the interpretation of host–parasite association data is difficult. Interpretations of tick collection records have largely assumed that off-host collection records offer a valid basis from which to make claims about the host specificity or generality of tick species. A simple simulation analysis of rudimentary tick–host interactions in a hypothetical 50 × 50-cell habitat demonstrates that perceptions of tick–host relationships can be strongly biased by spatial patterns. Regardless of their true level of host specificity or generality, it seems that: (i) more abundant ticks will be perceived as generalists, while rarer species will be considered specialists; and (ii) tick species that have patchy, strongly aggregated distributions will be more likely to be perceived as host specialists than species that have more dispersed or uniform distributions. Since all available evidence suggests that abundances and spatial patterns vary between tick species, there is no way of assessing the true validity of claims about host specificity without first undertaking detailed research on the relative abundances and spatial and temporal patterns of both tick and host distributions.
Sugarcane moth borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae and Pyraloidea): phylogenetics constructed using COII and 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences
Authors: Lange C.L. , Scott K.D. , Graham G.C. , Sallam M.N. , Allsopp P.G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSugarcane moth borers are a diverse group of species occurring in several genera, but predominately within the Noctuidae and Pyraloidea. They cause economic loss in sugarcane and other crops through damage to stems and stalks by larval boring. Partial sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, COII and 16S, were used to construct a molecular phylogeny based on 26 species from ten genera and six tribes. The Noctuidae were found to be monophyletic, providing molecular support for the taxonomy within this subfamily. However, the Pyraloidea are paraphyletic, with the noctuids splitting Galleriinae and Schoenobiinae from the Crambinae. This supports the separation of the Pyralidae and Crambinae, but does not support the concept of the incorporation of the Schoenobiinae in the Crambidae. Of the three crambine genera examined, Diatraea was monophyletic, Chilo paraphyletic, and Eoreuma was basal to the other two genera. Within the Noctuidae, Sesamia and Bathytricha were monophyletic, with Busseola basal to Bathytricha. Many species in this study (both noctuids and pyraloids) had different biotypes within collection localities and across their distribution; however the individual biotypes were not phylogenetically informative. These data highlight the need for taxonomic revisions at all taxon levels and provide a basis for the development of DNA-based diagnostics for rapidly identifying many species at any developmental stage. This ability is vital, as the species are an incursion threat to Australia and have the potential to cause significant losses to the sugar industry.
Estimates of gene flow from rare alleles in natural populations of medfly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Kourti A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGene flow based on the spatial distribution of rare alleles at 25 gene loci was estimated in 15 populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) from different parts of the world. Estimates of Nm, the number of migrants exchanged per generation among populations in different regions of the world, appeared to be quite similar, ranging from 3.36 in tropical Africa to 2.94 in the New World and 2.72 in Mediterranean basin populations. This suggests that gene flow among neighbouring populations of medfly is quite extensive. The genetic differentiation in American, Mediterranean and African populations was related to major climatic differences between North and South. These differences arise mainly from five loci that showed gene frequency patterns suggestive of latitudinal clines in allele frequencies. The clinal variation was such that tropical-subtropical populations were more heterozygous than temperate populations. It was concluded that gene flow, counteracting the forces of natural selection and genetic drift, determines the extent to which geographical populations of C. capitata are differentiated.
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia complicating haematopoietic cell transplantation in paediatric patients: high incidence and significant mortality in unrelated donor transplants for non‐malignant diseases
Authors: O'Brien Tracey A. , Eastlund Ted , Peters Charles , Neglia Joseph P. , Defor Todd , Ramsay Norma K.C. , Scott Baker K. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryHaemolytic anaemia is a recognized complication of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and can result from alloimmune‐ or autoimmune‐derived antibodies. Unlike alloimmune haemolytic anaemia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is poorly understood, particularly in the paediatric population where only case reports have been published. Between January 1995 and July 2001, 439 consecutive allogeneic HCT were performed in paediatric patients at the University of Minnesota, 31% (n = 136) from related donors (RD) and 69% (n = 303) from unrelated donors (URD). Nineteen cases of AIHA were identified with documented significant haemolysis and a positive direct antiglobulin test. All cases of AIHA occurred in URD transplants, yielding a cumulative incidence of AIHA post‐transplant of 6% at 1 year. Patients transplanted for non‐malignant disease, particularly metabolic diseases, had a higher incidence of AIHA post‐HCT when compared with patients transplanted for malignancies (RR 4·2 95% CI 1·2–15·4,P = 0·01). Mortality was high in our series of 19 patients with 10 (53%) dying following the onset of AIHA, three as a direct consequence of haemolysis. Fifty per cent of deaths occurred from infection while on immunosuppressive therapy to treat haemolysis. Alternative treatment strategies were employed, with the majority of patients demonstrating disease refractory to traditional steroid therapy.
Platelet‐rich plasma serotonin levels in chronic myeloproliferative disorders: evaluation of diagnostic use and comparison with the neutrophil PRV‐1 assay
Authors: Koch Cody A. , Lasho Terra L. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: September 2004

SummaryIn a prospective study of 109 subjects, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) serotonin levels in patients with polycythaemia vera (PV; n = 27), essential thrombocythaemia (ET; n = 14), myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM; n = 30), secondary or spurious polycythaemia (SP; n = 22) and controls (n = 16). Nine study subjects who were taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) all displayed a markedly decreased PRP serotonin level (median, 24·2 ng/109 platelets; range, 0–49·3) and were therefore excluded from further analysis. Among the remaining 100 subjects, the median and range of PRP serotonin levels, in ng/109 platelets, was significantly lower in MMM (89·5; 0–278·3), PV (204·8; 0–496·0) and ET (385·3; 136·8–1025·7) compared with both SP (608·8; 369·0–1780·1) and controls (567·2; 359·9–1071·1). Neutrophil polycythaemia rubra vera‐1 (PRV‐1) expression was concurrently assayed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction in 69 patients (23 PV, 17 SP, 12 ET, seven MMM, 10 controls). PRP serotonin measurement performed as well as the PRV‐1 assay in distinguishing PV from SP (93% vs. 86% test accuracy). The current study suggests that PRP serotonin concentration might be considered as one of the several biological markers that complement each other for the diagnosis of PV.
RNA and protein evidence for haplo‐insufficiency in Diamond–Blackfan anaemia patients with RPS19 mutations
Authors: Gazda Hanna T. , Zhong Rong , Long Lilia , Niewiadomska Edyta , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Ploszynska Anna , Zaucha Jan M. , Vlachos Adrianna , Atsidaftos Evangelia , Viskochil David H. , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Meerpohl Joerg J. , Rokicka‐Milewska Roma , Pospisilova Dagmar , Wiktor‐Jedrzejczak W. , Nathan David G. , Beggs Alan H. , Sieff Colin A. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe genetic basis of Diamond–Blackfan anaemia (DBA), a congenital erythroid hypoplasia that shows marked clinical heterogeneity, remains obscure. However, the fact that nearly one‐quarter of patients harbour a variety of mutations in RPS19, a ribosomal protein gene, provides an opportunity to examine whether haplo‐insufficiency of RPS19 protein can be demonstrated in certain cases. To that end, we identified 19 of 81 DBA index cases, both familial and sporadic, with RPS19 mutations. We found 14 distinct insertions, deletions, missense, nonsense and splice site mutations in the 19 probands, and studied mutations in 10 patients at the RNA level and in three patients at the protein level. Characterization of the mutations in 10 probands, including six with novel insertions, nonsense and splice site mutations, showed that the abnormal transcript was detectable in nine cases. The RPS19 mRNA and protein in CD34+ bone marrow cells identified haplo‐insufficiency in three cases predicted to have one functional allele. Our data support the notion that, in addition to rare DBA patients with the deletion of one allele, the disease in certain other RPS19 mutant patients is because of RPS19 protein haplo‐insufficiency.
The distal β‐globin CACCC box is required for maximal stimulation of the β‐globin gene by EKLF
Authors: Marini Maria Giuseppina , Asunis Isadora , Porcu Loredana , Salgo Maria Giulia , Loi Maria Giuseppina , Brucchietti Arianna , Cao Antonio , Moi Paolo 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe transcription factor erythroid Kruppel‐like factor (EKLF) specifically activates the β‐globin gene by interacting with the proximal β‐globin CACCC box, a known hot spot for thalassaemia mutations. This study investigated whether EKLF could also bind to, and activate from, the distal CACCC, which is a rare site of thalassaemia mutations. Using band shift and transient expression analysis with wild type, single and double CACCC mutants, we established that the distal CACCC box is weakly bound by EKLF, but, when mutated, significantly impairs EKLF‐dependent β‐globin stimulation. Thus, EKLF requires both CACCC boxes to maximally stimulate the β‐globin gene.
Multiple platelet defects identified by flow cytometry at diagnosis in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Leinoe E. B. , Hoffmann M. H. , Kjaersgaard E. , Johnsen H. E. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryPrevious findings of megakaryocytic hypogranulation and dysmegakaryocytopoietic features in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) strongly indicate defects in platelet production. The bleeding tendency of these patients may result from dysregulated platelet production, resulting in thrombocytopenia as well as qualitative platelet defects. The present study examined platelet function at diagnosis in 50 AML patients by whole blood flow cytometry. Following in vitro platelet agonist stimulation, platelet activation markers were analysed and compared with 20 healthy individuals. To detect recent in vivo platelet activation, plasma soluble P‐selectin (sP‐selectin) was measured. Flow cytometric analysis of platelet activation markers demonstrated reduced CD62P [35·6 vs. 118·5 × 103 molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF); P < 0·0001], CD63 (11·3 vs. 50·7 × 103 MESF; P < 0·0001), and PAC‐1 (41·5 vs. 90·5%; P = 0·0001) while reductions in CD42b were abnormal (45·6 vs. 70%; P < 0·0001). sP‐selectin levels were similar in patients and healthy controls (0·04 vs. 0·27 fg/platelet; P = 0·84). The presented data indicate that AML pathogenesis may result in multiple platelet defects, involving adhesion, aggregation, and secretion and demonstrate that flow cytometry is a feasible method for platelet function analysis in patients with thrombocytopenia.
Different impacts of alleles αLEPRA and αLELY as assessed versus a novel, virtually null allele of the SPTA1 gene in trans
Authors: Delaunay J. , Nouyrigat V. , Proust A. , Schischmanoff P.‐O. , Cynober T. , Yvart J. , Gaillard C. , Danos O. , Tchernia G. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe family of two siblings with severe hereditary spherocytosis was investigated. The decrease was evident on both the α‐ and the β‐chains. The parents were haematologically normal. The mother was heterozygous for the low‐expression polymorphic allele αLEPRA. The father was heterozygous for a novel combination in which one allele showed the α‐spectrin low expression polymorphic alleleαLELY, while his other allele showed the αLELY polymorphism in cis with a G→A substitution, named Bicêtre, found at the extreme 3′ end of exon 51. This combination was designated . The children were compound heterozygotes for alleles αLEPRA and . Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detected only trace amounts of the mRNA coding for . Mutation is therefore an essentially null mutation with no functional protein product. The lack of disease in the αLELY/ father compared with the marked haemolysis in the αLEPRA/ children showed that expression of allele αLELY is not low enough to expose null α‐spectrin alleles on the other chromosome. Quantitative estimations from these findings suggest that, to evoke spherocytosis, it is necessary that α‐spectrin expression must be reduced to less than 25% of normal, while a reduction to 8% is sufficient.
Prospective application of a multiplex reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of balanced translocations in leukaemia: a single‐laboratory study of 390 paediatric and adult patients
Authors: Olesen Lene Hyldahl , Clausen Niels , Dimitrijevic Andreja , Kerndrup Gitte , Kjeldsen Eigil , Hokland Peter 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe upfront application of molecular methods for identifying the fusion transcripts arising from balanced translocations in haematopoietic malignancies has several advantages: sensitivity is independent of its frequency, i.e. rare ones are not missed, cytogenetically cryptic aberrations are identified and it provides a platform for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. Employing a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay identifying 27 fusion transcripts we prospectively analysed blood and/or bone marrow samples from 390 patients referred for diagnosis and treatment for acute leukaemia and chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) from a geographically well‐defined region in Denmark. A total of 233 patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 95 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) origin and 62 patients were recorded as CMPD. Twenty‐three percent AML, 32% ALL and 55% CMPD patients exhibited chromosomal aberrations detected by the multiplex RT‐PCR. Cytogenetically cryptic translocations were seen in 15% of the cases. Conversely, the cytogenetic analysis identified chromosomal aberrations other than translocations in 45% of AML cases and 63% of ALL cases. We conclude that, while the fraction of translocation positive leukaemia patients in an unselected cohort is lower than hitherto believed, a molecular approach to their diagnosis is worthwhile, partly for identifying cryptic and rare translocations, partly for monitoring MRD.
Anesthetic management in Joubert syndrome
Authors: Vodopich Darko J. , Gordon Gregory J. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryWe review the anesthetic implications of Joubert syndrome and report that spinal anesthesia under intravenous propofol sedation proved satisfactory for repair of an inguinal hernia in a spontaneously ventilating infant with this syndrome. We caution that anatomical peculiarities may complicate performance of a caudal epidural block and suggest consideration of the use of caffeine to ameliorate the apneic episodes seen in early infancy in this syndrome.
Anesthetic management of a patient with Freeman‐Sheldon syndrome
Authors: Agritmis Aysin , Unlusoy Ozlem , Karaca Saffet 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe Freeman‐Sheldon syndrome (FSS) is rare congenital myopathy and dysplasia. The musculoskeletal and soft‐tissue manifestations of FSS often require orthopedic and plastic reconstructive surgery. We report a case of 19‐month‐old girl with FSS.
Perioperative care of the patient with nephropathic cystinosis
Authors: Ray Theresa L. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryCystinosis is an autosomal recessive disease that results in a defective integral membrane protein responsible for the transport of cystine out of lysosomes. This results in the accumulation of cystine in the lysosomes of almost every tissue, with subsequent formation of damaging crystals. The cystinotic process may affect every system of the body, but is particularly damaging to the kidneys and eyes. We discuss the perioperative care of a cystinotic patient with renal insufficiency, Fanconi's syndrome, and photophobia. Other organ systems affected by the cystinotic process are also discussed, with suggestions for the perioperative management of each. Issues of primary concern during perioperative care include preservation of renal function and maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
Caudal analgesia in children: S(+)‐ketamine vs S(+)‐ketamine plus clonidine
Authors: Passariello M. , Almenrader N. , Canneti A. , Rubeo L. , Haiberger R. , Pietropaoli P. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative analgesia provided by caudal S(+)‐ketamine and S(+)‐ketamine plus clonidine without local anesthetic.Methods : Forty‐four children aged 1–5 years consecutively scheduled for inguinal hernia repair, hydrocele repair or orchidopexy were randomly assigned to receive a caudal injection of either S(+)‐ketamine 1 mg·kg−1 (group K) or S(+)‐ketamine 0.5 mg·kg−1 plus clonidine 1 μg·kg−1 (group KC). Postoperative analgesia and sedation were evaluated by CHEOPS and Ramsay scale from emergence from general anesthesia for 24 h.Results : No statistical difference was observed between study groups with respect to pain and sedation assessment. A slight trend toward a reduced requirement for rescue analgesia in group KC was observed, although not statistically significant.Conclusions : Caudal S(+)‐ketamine 1 mg·kg−1 and S(+)‐ketamine 0.5 mg·kg−1 plus clonidine 1 μg·kg−1 are safe and provide effective postoperative analgesia in children without adverse effects.