bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocrosslinkable Polymers with Redissolution Property
Authors: Shirai Masamitsu , Kawaue Akiya , Okamura Haruyuki , Tsunooka Masahiro 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Polymers having both thermally degradable epoxy-containing moieties and sulfonic acid ester moieties in the side chain were prepared and characterized. On UV irradiation the polymer films containing photoacid generators became insoluble. The crosslinked polymer films became soluble in water after bake treatment at 120–200 °C.
Comparison of Computational Methods for Enthalpic and Entropic Contributions in the Enantiomeric Discrimination by Dimethyldiketopyridino-18-crown-6 Ether
Authors: Lee One-Sun , Hwang Sungu , Chung Doo Soo 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The enantiomeric recognition of dimethyldiketopyridino-18-crown-6 ether toward chiral amines was studied by molecular dynamics, free energy perturbation, and quantum mechanical calculations. The enthalpic and entropic contributions were evaluated. It was shown that the entropic contribution to the enantioselectivity decreased when the amine guest is large and has more π–π interaction with the host molecule.
Nearchos (Nearchus)
Authors: Bucciantini Veronica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNearchos was Alexander the Great's admiral and boyhood friend. In 325bceafter descending the plain of the Indian rivers, he sailed again from the mouth of the Indus westwards to the mouth of the Euphrates. Nearchos’ account is handed down indirectly in the second part of Arrian'sIndica.
Timoleon
Authors: Fornis César , Domínguez Víctor Sánchez 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Timoleon (ca. 410–ca. 335
bce
) was a Corinthian aristocrat and general who, with his campaigns against the Carthaginians and the Greek tyrants of Sicily in the third quarter of the fourth century
bce
, based on the principle of freedom of the cities, decisively changed the geopolitical, social, and economic configuration of the island, which from then on enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity. The main sources (Diodorus, Nepos, and Plutarch) are late and present contradictions, but coincide in their hagiographic character, derived from the lost work of Timaeus of Tauromenium.
Palaces, Hellenistic
Authors: Kopsacheili Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

By “Hellenistic palace” modern scholarship refers to those royal residences located in capital cities of the Hellenistic states. The term is the equivalent of
basileion
or
regia
in the Greek and Latin texts. The basileion is a mega‐structure with interconnected buildings used for the operation of the royal court as well as open space, such as courtyards, corridors, and gardens. The term “palace” is also used conventionally for a building compound that imitates and adapts the architecture of the royal residences on a smaller scale. The archaeological and textual evidence for Hellenistic palaces spans the extremities of the Hellenistic world from the Greek mainland to Bactria and from Bosphorus to the Syropalestine.
Trimalchio
Authors: Vannini Giulio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Trimalchio, a rich freedman in Petronius’
Satyrica
, is the central character in the longest preserved episode, known as the “dinner of Trimalchio.” This episode is noted for its literary sophistication and portrayal of the historical wealth and status of freedmen under the Julio‐Claudian empire. It provides valuable insight into the language spoken by less‐cultured social classes, and descriptions of Trimalchio's house and tomb offer material for interpreting the Vesuvian area's material reality.
Court (imperial), Roman
Authors: Berenger Agnes 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The imperial court, whose composition remained informal and was not legally defined, was made up of people of very varied status who had direct access to the person of the emperor. The emperor's attendants, who were very numerous, held highly specialised positions. Members of the elite of society, senators and knights, belonged to his close entourage and could act as advisors to the emperor.
Hieroglyphs
Authors: Manley Bill 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Egyptian hieroglyphs are standard signs used to write the texts that accompany art in the temples and tombs of the ancient Egyptians. There is always an easy interaction between representational art and hieroglyphs, which should be understood as graphic design. However, the signs are not essentially pictographic and mostly write sounds in groups of one, two, or three consonants by means of a rebus. The emergence of writing and kingship in Egypt go hand in hand, and the fact that the earliest texts use the same writing principles maintained throughout the Pharaonic period suggests that writing in Egypt came about through a moment of invention. Few people outside the palace community and priesthood would actually be literate in hieroglyphs, rather using cursive developments of that script.
Karnak
Authors: Orel Sara E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the temples of Karnak, including the Great Temple of Amun, the temple of Mut, consort of Amun, and the war god Montu. The Amun temple dates from at least as early as the 11th Dynasty and has contributions by Egyptian kings to the end of pharaonic times. The temple, the richest in Egypt from the New Kingdom on, was elaborately decorated with statues, stelae, and the architecture, according to ancient texts, was adorned with copper, bronze, gold, and silver.
Literature and poetry, Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Manley Bill 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Egyptian literature of the Pharaonic period is a small corpus of no more than fifty texts, principally made up of: “instructions” or wisdom ascribed to named authors, who may be real people; fictional records of “ideal speaking” as a witness to truth; and stories about adventures and journeys of self‐discovery. The copies we have all date from the middle or late second millennium
bce
, after which there is a stark gap until the Ptolemaic period. The creative origins of these texts lie in traditional funerary inscriptions, especially structures and themes derived from the tomb biographies of palace officials.
Ruler cult, Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Manley Bill 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Egyptian kings’ temples and tombs are among the grandest religious structures ever created because the king was not merely one of the gods but the living incarnation of the creator, present on earth since the beginning of time. In turn the activities, commands, and deaths of kings were the spiritual axis of ancient Egyptian life, and the model for “treading the perfect paths” to the next life.
Clementia
Authors: Dowling Melissa Barden 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Clemency, pardoning a criminal or an enemy defeated on the battlefield, became an important political quality in the Late Roman Republic, especially in Julius Caesar's civil war propaganda. Subsequently, clemency was a quality advertised by most Roman emperors. During the High Empire, philosophers and poets celebrated clemency in private life; forgiving wrongdoers was superior to exacting even a just punishment. Early Christian writers used the Roman vocabulary of clemency to describe Christian mercy. Although personifications of Clementia appeared on coins, no sustained cult developed in the Roman world.
Felicitas
Authors: Dowling Melissa Barden 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Felicitas, the Roman embodiment of the good luck granted to virtuous men, brought martial and political success. During the Republic, Felicitas was claimed by Roman commanders celebrating the divine gift of good luck on the battlefield. With Augustus, Felicitas became part of the constellation of imperial virtues. The assimilation of Felicitas and Fortuna during the Roman Empire combined public felicity with fertility. The quality was personified on Roman coinage, appearing as a draped woman, standing, holding a caduceus and a cornucopia. Felicitas continued to represent divinely‐provided good fortune and fertility of the state for Christian writers.
Isis in Greece and Rome
Authors: Dowling Melissa Barden 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The cult of Isis, a goddess who protected rulers and brought fertility and prosperity, developed in Pharaonic Egypt and spread into the Mediterranean world beginning in the fifth century
bce
. Greek and Roman worshippers syncretized Isis with Demeter, Artemis, Aphrodite, and Fortuna. She was a creator goddess who extended mercy to worshippers and promised a happy afterlife to initiates. Her title “Great of Magic” was widespread. Numerous temples, private shrines, votive offerings, inscriptions, coins, and Greek and Latin literary sources demonstrate the popularity of the cult across the Roman empire, which lasted into the sixth century
ce
in places.
Mysteries
Authors: Ezquerra Jaime Alvar , Murcia Beatriz Pañeda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAncient mystery cults have long been considered as a special type of religious practice within Greco‐Roman polytheism, defined by initiation rituals of individual and voluntary participation, the transmission of a secret knowledge and an implacable prohibition of disclosure, high levels of emotional arousal, and the promise of salvific benefits in this life and often also in the next. However, recent research has questioned the universal validity of this definition, pointing out that not all the cults described as mysteries (mystēria,teletē,orgia) in ancient evidence present these characteristics. From this perspective, it is necessary to free ourselves from Christian‐centric conceptions of mysteries to grasp the real diversity and significance of these practices within ancient Mediterranean religion.
Navigium Isidis
Authors: Dowling Melissa Barden 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Navigium Isidis (Greek Ploiaphesia) was an annual festival in the cult of Isis marking the opening of the sailing season on March 5. A ship of the goddess was filled with offerings, carried in procession to the sea and accompanied by prayers for prosperous voyages and protection for sailors, set onto the water. Isis Pelagia, Pharia, or Euploia protected the worshipper on journeys and on the metaphorical rough seas of life. Apuleius provides a detailed description (
Met
. 11.5 and 11.16–17). The festival was celebrated from the first century
ce
to the sixth century
ce
.
Sistrum
Authors: Dowling Melissa Barden 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The
sistrum
was a hand‐held musical instrument used in religious and funerary rituals, beginning in the Egyptian Old Kingdom, and appearing in the Near East, Greece, and Rome.
Sistra
had a looped top that held rods bearing disks that rattled or chimed when shaken.
Sistra
were usually connected to the goddesses Isis and Hathor but appeared in other ancient cults as well.
Ligustilide, A Novel Senolytic Compound Isolated from the Roots of Angelica Acutiloba
Authors: Takaya Kento , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSenescent cells accumulate with age and contribute to age‐related diseases and organ dysfunctions. Early evidence suggests that removal of senescent cells using senolytic drugs improves the aging phenotype in mice and may improve the health of individuals with chronic diseases. Signs of skin aging, including wrinkles, and sagging, occur largely due to the accumulation of senescent fibroblasts within the dermis; However, there is currently no skin treatment that eliminates senescent cells. In this study, human fibroblasts subjected to replicative aging and ionizing radiation exposure are used to screen plant extracts for potential senescent cell‐destructive and/or senescent cell‐forming activities. Angelica acutiloba—a traditional Chinese herbal medicine—selectively kills senescent cells without affecting the proliferating cells. Among the major components of this herb, ligustilide shows promising senescent cell‐destructive properties, and selectively eliminates senescent cells by inducing an apoptosis. Moreover, ligustilide markedly inhibits senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes. Administration of ligustilide to mouse skin eliminates senescent cells and increases dermal collagen density and subcutaneous adipose tissue content; it selectively promotes death of senescent cells without affecting non‐senescent cells. These results provide evidence that a natural compound—ligustilide—may exhibit therapeutic effects on the skin aging phenotype by specifically inducing apoptosis in senescent cells.
Realistic Chest X‐Ray Image Synthesis via Generative Network with Stochastic Memristor Array for Machine Learning‐Based Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Kim Namju , Oh Jungyeop , Kim Sungkyu , Cha Jun‐Hwe , Choi Junhwan , Im Sung Gap , Choi Sung‐Yool , Jang Byung Chul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) technology has attracted tremendous interest in the medical community, from image analysis to lesion diagnosis. However, progress in medical AI is hampered by a lack of available medical image datasets and labor‐intensive labeling processes. Here, it is demonstrated that a large number of annotated, realistic chest X‐ray images can be generated using a state‐of‐the‐art generative adversarial network (GAN) that exploits noise produced by stochastic in‐memory computing of memristor crossbar arrays. Memristors based on polymer film with high thermal resistance can increase the stochasticity of the tunneling distance for randomly ruptured conductive filaments via excessive Joule heating, thus generating true random numbers required for creating naturally diverse images in GAN. Using StyleGAN2‐adaptive discriminator augmentation (ADA), high‐quality chest X‐ray images with and without pneumothorax are successfully augmented while maintaining a good Frechet inception distance score. The results provide a cost‐effective solution for preparing privacy‐sensitive medical images and labeling to develop innovative medical AI algorithms.
Multimodal Energy Generation and Intruder Sensing Platform via Aluminum Titanate/Poly‐Glucosamine Composite Film‐Based Hybrid Nanogenerators
Authors: Kurakula Anand , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Manchi Punnarao , Kavarthapu Venkata Siva , Yu Jae Su 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, a new class of portable self‐powered electronic systems is developed that utilizes highly efficient hybrid nanogenerators that convert mechanical energy into electricity to power various sensors/small‐scale electronics. This article proposes aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) microparticles (AlT MPs) loaded poly‐glucosamine (PGA) composite film‐based high‐performance hybrid nanogenerators (HNG) employed as a self‐powered sensor for signal indication and as an intruder sensing platform. Initially, AlT MPs are synthesized and various concentrations are loaded into PGA. HNGs are fabricated using composite films/ polydimethylsiloxane, and Al as the positive/negative triboelectric layers and electrode film, respectively. The fabricated HNGs operate in the contact‐separation mode and their produced electrical outputs are comparatively studied to determine the most suitable AlT concentration. The optimized HNG produces the highest electrical output of ≈211 V, ≈5.5 µA, and 79.5 µC/m2. The optimized HNG is employed as a biomechanical energy harvester to scavenge energy from various biomechanical movements and power portable electronics utilizing the developed highly efficient power management circuit. Thereafter, multiple HNGs are utilized to fabricate a self‐powered wireless sensing system and real‐time intruder sensing platform. The proposed highly efficient HNG‐based self‐powered wireless sensing platform is a promising technology that can be used on a large scale in various applications.
Tracking the Endosomal Escape of Nanoparticles in Live Cells Using a Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotide
Authors: Bhangu Sukhvir Kaur , Mummolo Liviana , Fernandes Soraia , Amodio Alessia , Radziwon Agata , Dyett Brendan , Savioli Marco , Mantri Nitin , Cortez‐Jugo Christina , Caruso Frank , Cavalieri Francesca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanoparticle‐mediated intracellular delivery of oligonucleotides is a complex phenomenon that depends on the architecture and the intracellular trafficking of the engineered nanoparticles. Unravelling the molecular arrangements of oligonucleotides within the nanoparticles as well as their intracellular behavior are essential for designing effective nucleic acid delivery systems. Herein, a simple and general strategy for probing the endosomal escape of nanoparticles carrying oligonucleotides in live cells is reported. A triplex‐forming oligonucleotide probe is designed to target the transcription factor, kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), in the cytosol of cells and to transduce the binding into a fluorescent Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal. The combined use of the triplex‐forming oligonucleotide probe and super‐resolution microscopy enables the elucidation of the morphology, intracellular localization, and endosomal escape of the oligonucleotide‐loaded nanoparticles on a molecular level and with nanoscale resolution. The co‐delivery of the FRET probe and mRNA in cells via lipid‐ and polymer‐ based nanoparticles allow simultaneous correlation of the endosomal escape properties of nanoparticles and gene expression efficiency.
Highly Flexible and Self‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework–Metal–Organic Framework (COF–MOF) Composite Crystalline Porous Material (CPM) Membrane for Molecular Separation
Authors: Ma Xi , Sun Nan , Li Zhiguo , Tong Minman , Ding Qun , Wang Zhaofeng , Bai Long , Dong Liangliang , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrystalline porous materials (CPMs), including covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), are promising materials for advanced separation technologies. However, the challenge of transforming nanoscale CPMs into large‐area functional membranes hinders their application in the membrane separation process. Herein, a self‐standing pure COF (TpPa‐1) nanofiber membrane with high crystallinity, good flexibility, excellent mechanical properties, and scalability is prepared using an electrospinning process and polymer sacrificial template strategy. Subsequently, the COF nanofiber membrane is innovatively used to replace traditional inorganic discs, metal meshes, and polymer membranes as porous supports, and the COF–MOF composite CPM membrane is prepared through the tailorable and confined growth of zeolite imidazolium salt frame‐8 (ZIF‐8) on the surface of the COF membrane and in the gaps of the COF nanofibers. The COF–MOF composite membrane exhibits excellent permeability and significantly enhances separation selectivity for organic dyes. Moreover, MOF and COF form an interpenetrating network structure, and their similar chemical properties improve the interfacial stability between the two phases, giving the COF–MOF composite membrane good long‐term separation performance. This is the first self‐standing composite CPM membrane with excellent molecular sieving performance, which provides new insights into the design of high‐performance and robust composite membranes.
Amplification of Light‐Induced Helix Inversion of Intrinsically Chiral Diarylethene Molecular Switches
Authors: Hou Jiaxin , Wang Jinghao , Ryabchun Alexander , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotonics and tunable optics are rapidly developing fields that require materials with programmable properties and advanced functionalities. Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are unique materials that exhibit selective light reflection and can be tuned using stimuli‐responsive small organic molecules. The challenge lies in designing molecules that can convert external signals, such as light, into dynamic and invertible chiral states, which can be transduced to the CLC supramolecular structures inducing large differences in helicity and eventually to macroscopic properties. Here, novel intrinsically chiral phenanthrene‐based diarylethenes as light‐responsive chiral dopants for controlling the supramolecular helical architectures of CLCs are introduced. The substitution pattern and light‐invertible axial chirality of these diarylethenes make them highly compatible with liquid crystals and provide high twisting power. The light‐induced cyclization and molecular chirality transformation result in a wide tunability of the cholesteric helix pitch (reflection colors) and reversible inversion of helical handedness. These findings provide a powerful tool for controlling and manipulating the macroscopic properties of CLCs, opening new avenues for a range of applications, including diffractive optics and photonics, anticounterfeiting tags, and displays.
Exploration of Ultrasound‐Sensitive Biomaterials in Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Liang Huazheng , Tang Chun , Cheng Yuan , Cheng Liang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer is a serious health problem to be solved. With the development of biomaterials, enhanced diagnostic and controllable therapeutic strategies for cancer have emerged, revealing encouraging results with a promising future. Due to its outstanding tissue penetration and controllability, along with a series of bioeffects on tissues, ultrasound (US), as a common medical technology, has been regarded as an effective tool against cancer, and its use has promoted the exploration of US‐sensitive biomaterials. In this review, the bioeffects of US are first introduced and then the main US‐sensitive biomaterials (containing cavitation nuclei, sonosensitizers, and US‐responsive macromolecular systems) used to treat cancer, followed by a summary of several applications based on US‐sensitive biomaterials, from diagnosis to therapy. Finally, the emerging challenges in this field that need to be overcome are highlighted. This review reports the progress of US‐sensitive biomaterials, providing new possibilities in cancer theranostics and thus benefiting patients.
Conformal Fixation Strategies and Bioadhesives for Soft Bioelectronics
Authors: Park Jaejin , Kim Hyun Woo , Lim Selin , Yi Hoon , Wu Zhongyuan , Kwon In Gyu , Yeo Woon‐Hong , Song Enming , Yu Ki Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlexible wearable and implantable devices are contributing to the healthcare field by enabling intuitive interfaces with the tissues of human body through their thin form factors, which enable more accurate monitoring of signals and effective delivery of therapy. The development of such devices is accompanied with an increasing interest in strategies and technologies for conformally fixing and adhering flexible biomedical devices in place to acquire high‐quality biosignals over a long period, even with the subtle movements of the target. Owing to the various mechanical properties and wet or dynamic environments of human tissues, it is necessary to use different adhesion strategies that consider the biocompatibility and cohesive properties for each case. This paper provides an in‐depth analysis of recent bio‐adhesives technologies and their practical applications in the healthcare field by classifying them into: 1) Conventional Fixation, 2) Mechanical Fixation, and 3) Chemical Adhesion, based on the mechanism, and 4) Functional Adhesion and 5) Biomimetic Adhesion, based on the unique properties. Furthermore, the principles and detailed mechanisms of each adhesion strategy based on the design and characteristics of the bioadhesives are thoroughly reviewed to provide valuable insights and an overall summary of the prospects and challenges of future bioadhesives technology.