bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor α expression in normal human breast epithelium is consistent over time
Authors: Khan Seema A. , Yee Kimberly A. , Kaplan Cassandra , Siddiqui Josephine F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIf increased expression of estrogen receptor α (ER) in benign breast epithelium increases susceptibility to breast cancer, such overexpression should be stable over time. There are no published data regarding this important aspect of ER expression in breast epithelium. We examined the temporal consistency of ER expression in the normal breast tissue of 28 women who had 2 separate breast surgical procedures, at least 6 months apart (mean interval, 2.8 years). Paraffin embedded breast tissue blocks containing an adequate sample of normal breast epithelium and no cancer, were sectioned and processed using the 6F11 antibody and standard immunohistochemical techniques. The ER labelling index (ER LI) was calculated by counting a mean of 2,000 epithelial cells. The median ER LI at first sampling was 13.6 and at second sample 15.5, with R2 = 0.34 and p = 0.001. The ER LI was categorized into high and low values, using a threshold of 10. Twenty‐four women (85.7%) showed concordance of high and low expression between the 2 samples (p = 0.002). There were 11 women who were premenopausal at both time points. Among them, much of the variation in ER LI was explained by differences in the menstrual cycle day at the time of sampling and adding the day of cycle to the regression model substantially improved the correlation between first and second labeling indices. These data suggest that ER expression of normal breast tissue is fairly consistent over time and support the notion that overexpression of ER in normal epithelium is a constant feature of the high risk breast. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Submicromolar doses of alkyl‐lysophospholipids induce rapid internalization, but not activation, of epidermal growth factor receptor and concomitant MAPK/ERK activation in A431 cells
Authors: Ruiter Gerald A. , Verheij Marcel , Zerp Shuraila F. , Moolenaar Wouter H. , Van Blitterswijk Wim J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSynthetic ALPs, e.g., Et‐18‐OCH3 and HePC, are anticancer agents that accumulate in cell membranes, where they interfere with lipid‐mediated signal transduction. We previously reported that ALPs, when added at micromolar concentrations (5–25 μM), inhibit growth factor–induced MAPK/ERK activation and enhance radiation‐induced apoptosis. We now show that, at nanomolar doses (10–500 nM), ALPs activate the MAPK/ERK pathway in A431 cells without stimulating cell proliferation. Strikingly, ALPs (500 nM) also trigger rapid clustering and internalization of the EGFR in A431 cells. Tyrphostin AG1478, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks ALP‐induced MAPK/ERK activation but not EGFR internalization. We found no evidence for ALPs acting via G protein–coupled receptors and/or transactivation of EGFRs, as determined by calcium mobilization, EGFR phosphorylation and Grb2 binding assays. Since ALPs readily intercalate into the plasma membrane, our data suggest that they induce subtle changes in the lipid microenvironment of the EGFR, resulting in clustering and internalization of the EGFR and concomitant MAPK/ERK activation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo angiogenic activity of neuroblastoma correlates with MYCN oncogene overexpression
Authors: Ribatti Domenico , Raffaghello Lizzia , Pastorino Fabio , Nico Beatrice , Brignole Chiara , Vacca Angelo , Ponzoni Mirco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common malignant solid tumor in early childhood. Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is associated with a more malignant course of disease and poor outcome. The role that MYCN plays in the regulation of angiogenesis in NB remains unclear. To better elucidate this matter, fresh biopsy samples from 21 patients, 10 with MYCN‐amplified tumors (defined as having >10 copies of the oncogene) and 11 with nonamplified tumors, were tested for their angiogenic capacity using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, a useful model for such investigation. Moreover, using the same experimental model, conditioned media obtained from 5 different human NB cell lines MYCN‐amplified (HTLA‐230, LAN‐5 and GI‐LI‐N) or nonamplified (ACN and SH‐SY5Y) and biopsy fragments obtained from xenografts derived from 4 NB cell lines (HTLA‐230, GI‐LI‐N, ACN and SH‐SY5Y) injected in nude mice were assayed for angiogenic potential. Our results clearly demonstrated that MYCN amplification parallels angiogenesis in NB. When fresh biopsy samples from patients, CM derived from NB cell lines and biopsy fragments derived from xenografts of the same cell lines injected in nude mice were tested, the response was univocal: the angiogenic response, evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically, was significantly higher in the MYCN‐amplified specimens compared to the nonamplified ones. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CRM: The customer isn't always right
Authors: Bergeron Bryan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractService companies believe two myths, says the author. One is that the customer is always right. And the second
is that anyone willing to part with his money should be treated as a valid customer. Instead, the author argues,
successful companies target customers who fit their business model. They're embracing a process called
Customer Relationship Management (CRM). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence on the operation of ATP‐induced capacitative calcium entry in breast cancer cells and its blockade by 17β‐estradiol
Authors: Rossi Ana M. , Picotto Gabriela , de Boland Ana R. , Boland Ricardo L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLittle is known about the regulation of cytosolic calcium Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in breast cancer cells. We investigated the existence of capacitative calcium entry (CCE) in the tumorigenic cell line MCF‐7 and its responsiveness to ATP. MCF‐7 cells express purinergic receptors as well as estrogen receptors (ER). Depletion of calcium stores with thapsigargin (TG, 500 nM) or ATP (10 μM) in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, resulted in a rapid and transient elevation in [Ca2+]i. After recovery of basal levels, Ca2+ readmission (1.5 mM) to the medium increased Ca2+ influx (twofold over basal), reflecting pre‐activation of a CCE pathway. Cells pretreated with TG were unable to respond to ATP, thus indicating that the same Ca2+ store is involved in their response. Moreover, IP3‐dependent ATP‐induced calcium mobilization and CCE were completely blocked using compound U‐73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. Compound 2‐APB (75 μM) and Gd3+ (10 μM), antagonists of the CCE pathway, completely prevented ATP‐stimulated capacitative Ca2+ entry. CCE in MCF‐7 cells was highly permeable to Mn2+ and to the Ca2+ surrogate Sr2+. Mn2+ entry sensitivity to Gd3+ matched that of the Ca2+ entry pathway. 17β‐estradiol blocked ATP‐induced CCE, but was without effect on TG‐induced CCE. Besides, the estrogen blockade of the ATP‐induced CCE was completely abolished by preincubation of the cells with an ER monoclonal antibody. ER α immunoreactivity could also be detected in a purified plasma membrane fraction of MCF‐7 cells. These results represent the first evidence on the operation of a ATP‐responsive CCE pathway in MCF‐7 cells and also indicate that 17β‐estradiol interferes with this mechanism by acting at the cell surface level. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 324–333, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in the spatiotemporal expression pattern and function of N‐Cadherin inhibit cellular condensation and chondrogenesis of limb mesenchymal cells in vitro
Authors: DeLise Anthony M. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCartilage formation in the embryonic limb is presaged by a cellular condensation phase that is mediated by both cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. N‐Cadherin, a Ca2+‐dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule, is expressed at higher levels in the condensing mesenchyme, followed by down‐regulation upon chondrogenic differentiation, strongly suggesting a functional role in the cellular condensation process. To further examine the role of N‐cadherin, we have generated expression constructs of wild type and two deletion mutants (extracellular and intracellular) of N‐cadherin in the avian replication‐competent, RCAS retrovirus, and transfected primary chick limb mesenchymal cell cultures with these constructs. The effects of altered, sustained expression of N‐cadherin and its mutant forms on cellular condensation, on the basis of peanut agglutinin (DNA) staining, and chondrogenesis, based on expression of chondrocyte phenotypic markers, were characterized. Cellular condensation was relatively unchanged in cultures overexpressing wild type N‐cadherin, compared to controls on all days in culture. However, expression of either of the deletion mutant forms of N‐cadherin resulted in decreased condensation, with the extracellular deletion mutant demonstrating the most severe inhibition, suggesting a requirement for N‐cadherin mediated cell–cell adhesion and signaling in cellular condensation. Subsequent chondrogenic differentiation was also affected in all cultures overexpressing the N‐cadherin constructs, on the basis of metabolic sulfate incorporation, the presence of the cartilage matrix proteins collagen type II and cartilage proteoglycan link protein, and alcian blue staining of the matrix. The characteristics of the cultures suggest that the N‐cadherin mutants disrupt proper cellular condensation and subsequent chondrogenesis, while the cultures overexpressing wild type N‐cadherin appear to condense normally, but are unable to proceed toward differentiation, possibly due to the prolonged maintenance of increased cell‐cell adhesiveness. Thus, spatiotemporally regulated N‐cadherin expression and function, at the level of both homotypic binding and linkage to the cytoskeleton, is required for chondrogenesis of limb mesenchymal cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 342–359, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteogenic protein‐1 (OP‐1, BMP‐7) induces osteoblastic cell differentiation of the pluripotent mesenchymal cell line C2C12
Authors: Yeh Lee‐Chuan C. , Tsai Alicia D. , Lee John C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of Osteogenic Protein‐1 (OP‐1, BMP‐7) on the differentiation of the pluripotent mesenchymal cell line, C2C12, were examined. OP‐1 at 50 ng/ml partially inhibited myotube formation in C2C12 cells, while OP‐1 at 200 ng/ml completely inhibited myotube formation and induced the formation of cells displaying osteoblastic morphology. High concentrations of OP‐1 elevated the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity dramatically, both as a function of time and OP‐1 concentration. Osteocalcin (OC) mRNA expression was detected as early as 8 days in OP‐1‐treated cultures and subsequently increased considerably. Expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) mRNA was low in control cultures and stimulated by OP‐1. Collagen type I mRNA expression was enhanced by OP‐1 during the early days in culture, but gradually decreased thereafter. MyoD mRNA expression, high in control cultures, was suppressed by OP‐1 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. OP‐1 enhanced ActR‐I mRNA expression and significantly elevated the mRNA expressions of BMP‐1, BMP‐4, BMP‐5, GDF‐6, and GDF‐8. The present results indicate that OP‐1 is a potent inducer of C2C12 differentiation into osteoblastic cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 292–304, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of bow‐tie antenna with an orthogonal feed
Authors: Teo P. T. , Lee K. S. , Gan Y. B. , Lee C. K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA bow‐tie element with an orthogonal feed arrangement has been developed to conform to the shape of a handheld device. An improved method to feed the bow‐tie antenna was realised, which includes modification to the printed Roberts balun with stubs to provide an exact feed location and broadening of the sharp edges at the feed positions of the bow‐tie elements. A wideband antenna (maximum bandwidth of 22.8%) with dual band characteristics will be shown. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 255–257, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10575
A comparison of the performance properties of the Hilbert curve fractal and meander line monopole antennas
Authors: Best Steven R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the performance properties of the Hilbert curve fractal monopole are compared with those of simple meander line monopoles. It is demonstrated that small meander line monopoles of the same size and wire length as the Hilbert fractal exhibit similar behavior and performance independent of the difference in their respective geometries. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 258–262, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10576
Effect of mutual coupling in adaptive arrays
Authors: Ali Maha A. , Wahid Parveen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of mutual coupling on adaptive array antenna is investigated. Through an example of a two‐element dipole array, it is shown that the effect of the mutual coupling is detrimental on adaptive array and can not be neglected. A method proposed in the literature to compensate for the effect of mutual coupling is tested and applied successfully. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 270–274, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10579
Dual‐frequency small‐chip meander antenna
Authors: Kim Hyun Jun , Kwon Sewoong , Sim Sung Hun , Yoon Young Joong , Kim Huyn Jai , Yoon Seok Ji , Kang Chong‐Yun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a small‐chip meander antenna for dual‐frequency operation is presented. This novel compact dual‐frequency antenna uses a meander patch with increased capacity to adjust dual operating frequencies with small size and frequency ratio. The proposed antennas are fabricated by the LTCC‐MLC process. The characteristics of return losses, radiation patterns, and gains are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 274–277, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10580
Modeling and prediction of the wireless vector channel encountered by smart antenna systems
Authors: Dandekar Kapil R. , Arredondo Alberto , Ling Hao , Xu Guanghan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a Kalman‐filter‐based, vector autoregressive (VAR) model is used to forecast mobile user uplink spatial signatures and improve downlink signal‐to‐interference ratio in time‐division duplex (TDD) systems. Results are presented from computational electromagnetic (CEM) simulations of a smart antenna system operating at 1.8 GHz in an urban microcellular environment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 281–283, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10582
Addendum to: Picosecond pulse generation for visible semiconductor laser operating at 650‐NM wavelength with the use of the gain‐switching technique
Authors: Oh Kwang H. , Hwang N. , Koh J. S. , Kim Dug Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOriginally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 65–67, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 342–342, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10584
Impedance formulas of RF patch resonators and antennas of cavity model using fringe extensions of patches from DC capacitors
Authors: Sun Y. X. , Chow Y. L. , Fang D. G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFringe field effect is equivalent to an extension in size of an RF patch, either as resonator or as antenna. A CAD formula for this extension is derived from DC capacitor and is shown to be applicable for all practical thickness and permittivity εr of the substrate. For example, for patch resonators of large εr and for patch antennas on thick substrate (h/λ0 < 0.23), the maximum errors in resonant frequencies are only 0.2% and 3%, respectively. The fringe extension through DC is understandable in physics from the point of view of the frequency invariance of fringe field with thin substrate asymptotically. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 293–297, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10587
Dielectric properties of urinary stones at microwave frequencies
Authors: Paul Issac , Varghese George , Ittyachen M. A. , Mathew K. T. , Lonappan Anil , Jacob Joe , Kumar S. Biju 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMicrowaves play a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by the abnormal mineralization of biological fluids in human body. First hand information regarding the dielectric behavior of these minerals facilitates to detect these crystals. This paper attempts a comparative study of the dielectric properties of urinary crystals grown in vitro by gel technique with natural stones procured from patients who had undergone stone removal surgery. Cavity perturbation technique was employed and measurements were made in the S band. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 297–299, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10588
Dual‐band slot antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN operation
Authors: Su Chih‐Ming , Chen Hong‐Twu , Chang Fa‐Shian , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA dual‐band slot antenna comprising two narrow linear slots for wireless local area network (WLAN) operations in the 2.4 GHz (2.4–2.484 GHz) and 5.2 GHz (5.15–5.35 GHz) bands is presented. The two linear slots are arranged to be close and in parallel to each other, and are easily fed by using a single 50 Ω coaxial cable to achieve two desired operating modes at about 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. A prototype of the proposed antenna with a narrow width of 10 mm suitable to be placed along the perimeter of the display of a notebook computer is constructed and studied. Experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 306–308, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10591
On the resonant behavior of the small Koch fractal monopole antenna
Authors: Best Steven R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe resonant behavior of the Koch fractal monopole is considered as a function of its geometry, height and wire length. It is demonstrated that the resonant behavior of the Koch fractal is not uniquely determined by its geometry and that optimum resonant performance is exhibited by the simple Euclidean monopole. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 311–315, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10593
A circular planar inverted‐L antenna with a vertical ground plane
Authors: Chen Zhi Ning , Chia M. Y. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new broadband planar inverted‐L antenna (PILA) with a vertical ground plane (VGN) is experimentally presented. With the electromagnetic coupling between the radiator and VGN, the 2:1 VSWR impedance bandwidth of > 45% has been attained. The radiation patterns similar to those of conventional planar inverted‐ L or F antennas are applicable for land mobile communication systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 315–317, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10594
Application of FFT to light scattering from one‐dimensional fractal rough surface
Authors: Lixin Guo , Zhensen Wu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe problem of light scattering from a one‐dimensional dielectric fractal rough surface is investigated using Fourier transform within the limitation of the Kirchhoff approximation. A numerical formula for the scattering coefficient is obtained by theoretical derivation. The scattering coefficient is calculated and compared to both the FFT method and the classical Kirchhoff approximation integral solution. This FFT method solves the problem of edge effect that is neglected in the numerical study by the conventional Kirchhoff approximation. The dependence of the distribution of the scattering coefficient on the patch size, the fundamental spatial wave number, and the fractal dimension of the surface are discussed in detail. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 317–322, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10595
Improved equivalent circuit model of practical coupled‐cavity slow‐wave structures for TWTs
Authors: Christie V. Latha , Kumar Lalit , Balakrishnan N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe existing equivalent circuit model of space‐harmonic coupled‐cavity slow‐wave structures was extended to model structures with double slots and tapered or step‐tapered ferrules. This model was validated by comparing its results for dispersion and total impedance characteristics of typical slow‐wave structures operating in S‐band, with those obtained by computer simulation using the 3D Maxwell equation solver MAFIA.* This model was also validated with the experimental results of a particular double‐slot structure at S‐band. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 322–326, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10596
Transient response of wavelength‐switchable Erbium‐doped fiber lasers with linear coupled cavities
Authors: Mao Qinghe , Lit John W. Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe transient characteristics of an erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) laser, which can switch between wavelengths, are investigated. The laser has a set of coupled linear cavities. The slow gain dynamics of EDFs and the cross‐gain saturation in the coupled cavities give rise to delayed switching responses and relaxation oscillations, which are respectively measured to be 1 ms and 3.5 ms for the worst case, and which may be decreased by increasing the pump power. Thus, the switching speed of the laser may be higher than 100 Hz. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 330–333, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10598
A novel algorithm to simulate DWDM transmission systems amplified by backward multi‐pumped fiber Raman amplifiers
Authors: Tong Zhi , Wei Huai , Jian Shuisheng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe propose a new and efficient numerical algorithm to simulate DWDM transmission systems amplified by backward multi‐wavelength‐pumped Raman amplifiers. In this model, system impacts caused by dispersion, nonlinearity, and ASE are considered, and calculated results have satisfying accuracy. As an application, we model a 64 × 10 Gb/s Raman broadband multi‐span system, and arrive at some useful conclusions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 333–337, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10599
Modulation of THz radiation by semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Kleine‐Ostmann T. , Koch M. , Dawson P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the possibility of an electrically controlled THz modulator based on a gated two‐dimensional electron gas structure. To investigate the modulation capabilities of such a structure, we performed calculations based on the Drude model. Results caused by the change in intensity and phase of transmitted THz radiation induced by changes in the confined electron density are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 343–345, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10601