bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning (Not) to Know: Examining How White Ignorance Manifests and Functions in White Adolescents' Racial Identity Narratives
Authors: Dull Brandon D. , Rogers Leoandra Onnie , Ross Jade 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn critical approaches to the study of whiteness, white ignorance refers to systematic and intentional ways of (not) knowing that function to perpetuate racism. The current critical qualitative analysis examines how white ignorance surfaces in the racial identity narratives of white adolescents (N = 69, Mage = 15.91, SD = 0.49, data collected 2017–2019). Using semi‐structured interview data, we identified three manifestations of accommodation to white ignorance: constructing white as disadvantaged, framing race(ism) as unimportant and elsewhere, and the active refusal to know or imagine racial oppression. Alongside this accommodation we also observed a less common but important thread of resistance to white ignorance: seeing (and naming) systemic racism. The findings reveal how white ignorance as a macrosystemic cultural practice becomes embedded in, and strengthened through, the micro‐level racial identities of white adolescents. Implications for conceptualizing and contextualizing white racial identity in developmental science are discussed.
Balanced Translocation t(3;12) Disrupting HMGA2 and NAALADL2 Genes in Twins With Silver–Russell Syndrome and Intellectual Disability
Authors: de Souza Vanessa Sodré , Wawruk Halinna Dornelles , Mehrjouy Mana M. , Bak Mads , da Cunha Gabriela Corassa Rodrigues , Gonçalves Ana Caroline Gabriel , Cordoba Mara Santos , Tommerup Niels , Mazzeu Juliana F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSilver–Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a genetic disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction. Most cases are caused by an imprinting error either with hypomethylation of the Imprinted Control Region 1 at 11p15.5, or maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7. Approximately 40% of the cases have unknown etiology, thus distinct mechanisms have been described in association with the syndrome. Here, we present a case of monozygotic twin sisters with a clinical diagnosis of SRS, mild intellectual disability and epilepsy who carry a balanced translocation between chromosomes 3 and 12 that interrupts the NAALADL2 and HMGA2 genes, respectively. Disruption of HMGA2, a gene previously described as causative of SRS, confirms the initial diagnosis. NAALADL2 gene has been recently proposed as a candidate for intellectual disability and could partially contribute to our patient's phenotype.
Patient perspectives of shared decision‐making in emergency surgery
Authors: Spence Rachel , Moug Susan Joan , Minnis Meghan , Chaudhary Attika , Docherty Mairi , Jamal Sherzah , MacTavish Shona , Bisset Carly Nichola 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimShared decision‐making (SDM) is now considered the gold standard approach to counselling and obtaining patient consent. Research into patient perceptions of SDM is lacking and barriers to its implementation remain, specifically in the time‐pressurized, high‐risk emergency general surgery (EGS) setting. The aim of this work was to explore what EGS patients understand about SDM, gaining insight into their perspectives and experiences to understand the potential barriers both clinicians and patients may face.MethodThis work consisted of two parts: part 1 was an initial scoping review to inform the development of part 2—a patient and public involvement (PPI) exercise. The scoping review determined the quantity and quality of research in this area enabling long‐listing of known SDM concepts. This long‐list developed questions and structured discussions for the PPI exercise. Responses were transcribed, then analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe scoping review found limited evidence for both the implementation of SDM in EGS and patients' perspectives. Seven papers considered SDM in other settings that allowed long‐listing of the values and concepts for the PPI exercise. Nine patients and four supporters were identified from an established EGS database. After open discussion of the values and SDM concepts, thematic analysis was performed that identified two key themes: patient perceptions of how surgeons make decisions, and patient experiences of EGS decision‐making. Five subtheme analyses showed participants were not aware of surgeons' use of ‘30‐day mortality’ and could not quantify surgical risk, feeling time pressures and out of control. Almost all relied on surgeons to make their decision, valuing the surgeon's opinion over their own.ConclusionWith no previous reported evidence, this work provides the first patient insights into SDM in the EGS setting. With multiple barriers identified, further work is essential to increase implementation of this gold standard approach to patient consent.
The Impact of Gender, Ethnicity, and the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Organ Donation Intentions Over 50 Years in New Zealand
Authors: Allen Natalie E. , Zhang Jie , McGhee Charles N. J. , Gokul Akilesh , Niederer Rachael 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo identify the demographics and trends of individuals intending to donate their organs, based on intentions at the time of driver's license registration.MethodsData were collected from 4 742 475 individuals first registering for a New Zealand (NZ) driver's license, between January 1, 1974, and November 16, 2023, with positive or negative organ donor intentions recorded. Gender, ethnicity, and year of registration were collected. Predictors of positive organ donation intention were examined with a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsA positive response to the question regarding organ donation intentions was reported in 2 476 914 individuals (52.2%). This included 1 201 275 males (48.4%) and 1 275 639 females (56.4%). Positive organ donation intention was reported in 1 695 672 NZ Europeans (66.2%), 246 303 Māori (36.2%), 76 749 Pasifika (27.6%), 273 879 Asians (34.4%), 52 137 Middle Eastern, Latin American and African (MELAA) (47.0%), 48 876 “Other” ethnicity (63.5%), and 83 298 “Not otherwise specified” (34.7%). On multivariate logistic regression, the female gender was associated with an increased likelihood of organ donation intention (OR 1.37, p < 0.001), and driver's license registration in a more recent year was associated with an increased likelihood of organ donation intention (OR 1.02, p < 0.001). Compared to all other ethnicities, NZ Europeans were associated with a higher likelihood of positive organ donation intention.ConclusionsThis is the largest study of organ donation intention published in Australasia. It demonstrates a higher likelihood of organ donation intentions in females, ethnic differences, and increasing donation intention rates over time. Further investigation is required to explore the difference between intentions and end‐of‐life organ donation.
Thy1c Cytology Is a Reliable Method of Excluding Thyroid Cancer in Dominant Cystic Nodules
Authors: Regan A. , Boyd A. , Patel N. , Stechman M. J. , Scott‐Coombes D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraditional teaching dictated that patients with recurrent thyroid cysts undergo excision owing to a 12% risk malignancy. Ultrasound evaluation now determines management of these patients augmented by fine needle biopsy. In UK, a non‐diagnostic category for thyroid cysts (Thy1c) exists, whereas the Bethesda system combines ‘non‐diagnostic—cyst fluid only’ into Category I along with paucicellular and acellular results. The aim was to assess the ability of Thy1c cytology to exclude malignancy.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective study of patients undergoing thyroidectomy with Thy1c cytology from analysis of the Unit database. Additionally, we made a retrospective search in our pathology database for reports combining ‘papillary thyroid carcinoma’ with ‘cyst’ or ‘cystic’ and compared histology with cytology.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2023 115 patients (97 women, median age 44y, range 16–72) underwent thyroidectomy following Thy1c cytology. Indications for surgery included recurrent cyst (90%); compressive symptoms (9%) and one thyrotoxicosis. In no patient was the primary diagnosis malignant; multinodular goitre was commonest (87.76%); benign cyst (19.16%); follicular adenoma (5.4%) and coincidental pT1a classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (4.3%). In the retrospective audit, 61 pathology reports contained ‘PTC’ and ‘cyst’/‘cystic’. The cystic element was in primary tumour (31.51%); nodal metastasis (17.28%) and adjacent benign disease (13.21%). Only 5 (8%) patients had Thy1c cytology; 4 had pT1a tumours and one a benign cyst and a 19 mm PTC.ConclusionThy1c category reliably excludes significant malignancy. For patients with symptomatic cysts, ultrasound assessment and Thy1c cytology can guide the clinician to treat with either ablation or resection without the fear of mistreating a thyroid cancer.
Monitoring Riparian Vegetation in Urban Areas With Sentinel‐2 Satellite Imagery
Authors: Hislop Samuel , Soto‐Berelov Mariela , Jellinek Sacha , Chee Yung En , Jones Simon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRiparian vegetation is important for biodiversity, creates habitat for various fauna and provides vital ecosystem services such as flow regulation, water filtration, uptake, transformation and cycling of minerals, nutrients and organic matter. These ecological functions and processes contribute to the health of waterways. In many urban and semiurban areas, riparian vegetation is subject to degradation pressures such as land clearing for urban development, altered hydrological regimes due to modified catchment land cover and runoff patterns and other human‐induced disturbances. Monitoring riparian vegetation cover and condition is vital for informing effective management. This can be achieved via detailed field assessment; however, this is often costly, time and labour intensive and extremely difficult to undertake across large regions such as an entire stream network. This study examines the utility of medium‐resolution Sentinel‐2 satellite imagery for monitoring riparian vegetation across the Greater Melbourne region, Australia. The paper demonstrates several examples of how spectral trends from Sentinel‐2 imagery (2019–2023) can be used to provide insights, which are expected to improve over time as more data become available. We also assessed the potential of combining Sentinel‐2 imagery with field observations to model riparian vegetation conditions. Using 425 field observations and a series of Sentinel‐2–derived predictor variables, a Random Forest regression model was developed to model riparian vegetation condition. The model explained 53% of the variance in the data. Although the spatial resolution of Sentinel‐2 (10 m) is a limitation when working with narrow riparian vegetation corridors, our methods demonstrate it can be used to help prioritise areas for protection and/or enhancement and identify areas that may be at risk of further degradation. This can assist waterway managers to prioritise field activities such as restoration and revegetation, and the control of key weeds and browsing animals.
Improving Safety and Efficiency of Industrial Vehicles by Bio‐Inspired Algorithms
Authors: Bayona Eduardo , Sierra‐García J. Enrique , Santos Peñas Matilde 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the context of industrial automation, optimising automated guided vehicle (AGV) trajectories is crucial for enhancing operational efficiency and safety. They must travel in crowded work areas and cross narrow corridors with strict safety and time requirements. Bio‐inspired optimization algorithms have emerged as a promising approach to deal with complex optimization scenarios. Thus, this paper explores the ability of three novel bio‐inspired algorithms: the Bat Algorithm (BA), the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and the Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA); to optimise the AGV path planning in complex environments. To do it, a new optimization strategy is described: the AGV trajectory is based on clothoid curves and a specialised piece‐wise fitness function which prioritises safety and efficiency is designed. Simulation experiments were conducted across different occupancy maps to evaluate the performance of each algorithm. WOA demonstrates faster optimization providing suitable safety solutions 4 times faster than GOA. Meanwhile, GOA gives solutions with better safety metrics but demands more computational time. The study highlights the potential of bio‐inspired approaches for AGV trajectory optimisation and suggests avenues for future research, including hybrid algorithm development.
Quantitative Review of Critical Plane Criteria and Stress Analysis Approaches for Multiaxial Fatigue of Welded Joints
Authors: Ng Chin Tze , Susmel Luca 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis quantitative review evaluates the effectiveness of stress‐based critical plane criteria, specifically Findley's criterion, the approach due to Carpinteri–Spagnoli (CS), and the Modified Wöhler Curve Method (MWCM), in assessing fatigue strength in aluminum and steel welded joints subjected to constant amplitude (CA) and variable amplitude (VA) multiaxial loading. These criteria were analyzed alongside stress analysis approaches, including nominal stress (NS), hot‐spot stress (HSS), effective notch stress (ENS), and the Theory of Critical Distances–Point Method (TCD PM). Results confirm that all criteria effectively estimate fatigue life for steel welded joints under CA loading, with MWCM combined with HSS proving most accurate. For aluminum joints, estimations showed greater conservatism and scatter, highlighting the need for further experimental data to improve accuracy. Experimentally calibrated constants significantly enhanced prediction reliability. Future research should refine these criteria for diverse aluminum grades and thicknesses, ensuring accurate estimations and robust alternatives to established codes.
Disability in Early Modern Japan: A Survey of Concepts and Issues
Authors: Tan Wei Yu Wayne 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article discusses current conceptual frameworks and new directions in disability studies, with a focus on certain disabilities and particular groups of people with disabilities in early modern Japan (or Tokugawa Japan, 1600–1868). Disability historians of non‐Euro‐American societies can benefit from asking the common questions that motivate disability history and, more generally, disability studies. Historical research on disability in early modern Japan contributes to the collective effort of explaining how disability is related to the understanding of medicine, disease, and illness, how people with disabilities embody their experiences, and how disability intersects with cultural knowledge, gender, and material conditions in society.
The Effect of Earlier Contract Date for Auditor Change on Audit Quality
Authors: Kim Sangil , Kim Jonggeun , Lee Ho‐Young 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of an earlier contract for auditor change (ECAC) on audit quality. In November 2018, the Korean government mandated that client firms must complete audit engagement contracts before the date of the audit report. This requirement informed incumbent auditors about the final year of their engagement prior to completing audit procedures. Our hypothesis suggests that this increased awareness enhances the independence of incumbent auditors, resulting in improved audit quality. The findings support the hypothesis and reveal that audit quality with incumbent auditors in the year preceding the auditor change is higher following the implementation of ECAC. ECAC is identified as a cost‐effective approach, as it can be readily implemented by advancing the notice date for auditor changes. These findings offer valuable insights to other countries seeking to enhance their audit quality while minimising costs.
Risk factors for rectal wall infiltration in hydrogel spacer placement: Influence of biopsy approach
Authors: Hirose Kohei , Nakanishi Yasukazu , Ogasawara Ryo Andy , Imasato Naoki , Inoue Minoru , Sekiya Ken , Kataoka Madoka , Hojo Hidehiro , Yajima Shugo , Zenda Sadamoto , Masuda Hitoshi 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between the type of prostate biopsy and the occurrence of rectal wall infiltration (RWI) with hydrogel spacer placement in patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted involving 175 patients who received hydrogel spacer placement before radiotherapy at the National Cancer Center East Hospital, between October 2021 and December 2023. The patients were categorized based on the type of prostate biopsy: transperineal and transrectal. Spacer placement was followed by MRI to confirm spacer position. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with significant RWI.ResultsOf the 175 patients analyzed, 115 underwent transperineal biopsy (TPB) and 60 underwent transrectal biopsy (TRB). The median age was 74 years, and the median prostate volume was 18.6 mL. RWI occurred in 44 (25.1%) of all cases. TRB was associated with a significantly higher occurrence of RWI grade ≥2 compared to TPB (23.3% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified TRB (OR = 5.81, 95% CI = 1.91–17.60, p = 0.002) and smaller prostate volume (≤18.0 mL) (OR = 4.23, 95% CI = 1.23–13.90, p = 0.018) as significant risk factors for RWI grade ≥2.ConclusionThe study found that TRB significantly associated the risk of RWI following hydrogel spacer placement in prostate cancer radiotherapy. Smaller prostate volumes also heightened this risk. These findings highlight the importance of considering biopsy type and prostate size in planning spacer placement.
Performance measures of sustainable development goals using SWI MCDM methods: a case of the Indian states
Authors: Dwivedi Pankaj Prasad , Sharma Dilip Kumar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAgenda 2030, also known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is a set of global goals adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 through the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The SDGs provide a framework to tackle one of the world's most critical challenges: climate change. The 17 interconnected goals address a broad spectrum of social, economic, and environmental issues. The Government of India has embraced “Agenda 2030,” encompassing 17 SDGs alongside various indicators and targets within the sustainable framework. These indicators were instrumental in assessing the current status of the state concerning SDG attainment. Our primary contribution to this research lies in adopting the prescribed methodology to examine the current status of the SDG India Index 3.0. We focused on evaluating major objectives across Indian states, rating them based on their performance. This study proposes a novel approach utilizing the sum‐weighted information (SWI) multicriteria decision analysis/making (MCDA/M) framework to assess the progress of Indian states toward achieving the SDGs based on information measures. By integrating quantitative and qualitative indicators, this method offers a comprehensive evaluation of various aspects. The SWI MCDA/M framework enables policymakers and stakeholders to identify key strengths and weaknesses, prioritize areas for improvement, and formulate targeted strategies to accelerate progress toward the SDGs at the state level in India. Through empirical analysis and case studies, this research contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of SDG implementation efforts, fostering development practices, and promoting inclusive growth across Indian states. The findings indicate that Kerala achieved the first rank, with a 4.516 bits information score and Bihar ranks lowest among states in meeting the standards outlined in “Agenda 2030,” with a 5.530 bits information score.
Planned Changes to Nurse Leadership, Staffing and Skill‐Mix: Impact on the Working Environment, Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave
Authors: Brady Noeleen , O'Connell Selena , Gilligan David , Madden Caoimhe , Gannon Lisa , Howson Victoria , Ball Jane E. , Murphy Aileen , Griffiths Peter , Duffield Christine , Scott P. Anne , Mc Carthy Vera J. C. , Drennan Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionJob satisfaction and intention to leave have been consistently linked to the working environment. However, there are few studies of interventions for improving the environment or staff outcomes.AimTo determine the impact of implementing a framework for safe nurse staffing on the environment and staff outcomes. This involved an assessment of required nursing hours per patient day, supernumerary nurse in charge and minimum 80:20 skill‐mix, with intentional changes in staffing if required.DesignA pre‐post observational design.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in six medical and/or surgical wards across three acute hospitals in Ireland. The outcomes were measured pre‐ and post‐implementation, and included the environment, using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index; and job satisfaction and intention to leave using a dichotomised 4‐point scale.OutcomesChanges in staffing levels, adjustments to skill‐mix and the supervisory role of the ward leader were seen following the implementation. A multilevel model found significant increases over time on three of the five Nursing Work Index subscales: Staffing and Resource Adequacy, Collegial Nurse‐Physician Relations, and Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs. Job satisfaction increased and intention to leave decreased, although the differences were not statistically significant. Increased job satisfaction was significantly associated with Staffing and Resource Adequacy, Collegial Nurse Physician Relations and Nurse Manager, Leadership and Support. A decreased odds of intention to leave was associated with increased job satisfaction.ConclusionThere were significant improvements in the environment following the implementation of the Framework. Three of the practice environment subscales were significantly associated with job satisfaction, while job satisfaction is a predictor of intention to stay. This study indicates that intentional changes to staffing can result in improvements to working environments which may in turn have an impact on job satisfaction and furthermore, on intention to stay.ImpactThis study investigated intentional changes to nurse staffing in medical and surgical wards, examining the impact pre‐ and post‐implementation. This study underlined that when staffing is based on a systematic approach, based on a Framework for Safe Nurse Staffing, a subsequent improvement can be seen in staff's perceptions of the work environment, along with improvements in staff outcomes. This research will impact on staff working in acute settings as a means of determining staffing and improving outcomes using a Framework for Safe Nurse Staffing.Reporting MethodSTROBE checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.