bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ resistivity measurement of metal surfaces to track down dislocations caused by high field conditioning
Authors: Coman M. , Jacewicz M. , Dancila D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConditioning of a metal surface in a high-voltage system is the progressive development of resistance to vacuum arcing over the operational life of the system. This is relevant for accelerator cavities, where high level of performance is only achievable after a long conditioning period. Beyond the accelerator research field, this is an important topic for any technology where breakdowns can cause device failure, either by directly disrupting device operation or by causing cumulative hardware damage.We are developing a direct method to measure the surface resistivity of a metal surface that is being conditioned with a HV DC system by inducing a high frequency (GHz) radio-frequency current in the parallel-plate electrode system. If the system can function as a resonant cavity, the surface resistivity data would be encoded in its quality factor (Q-factor). The changes in the resistivity measured in cryogenic conditions would indicate a formation of dislocations under the surface, something that has been speculated as an important process behind the conditioning.In this paper, we present two modified designs of the electrode system, which will act as a resonant cavity, the results of 3D EM simulations and experimental results regarding the characterization of this resonant system.
Quasioptical Fresnel-based lens antenna with frequency-steerable focal length for millimeter wave radars
Authors: Muckermann Niklas , Barowski Jan , Pohl Nils 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article presents the design of a dielectric lens antenna that utilizes the concept of a stepped Fresnel lens for focusing electromagnetic millimeter waves. Based on the quasi-optical properties of these waves, a Cartesian Oval is optimized and employed as a focusing lens. Multiple such lenses are combined to two different Fresnel-based lens antennas. We survey these newly designed lens antennas and compare them with a focusing lens antenna based on a Cartesian oval and a far-field lens antenna. Simulations and measurements with a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar validate the effectiveness of the new design, demonstrating an even improved focus size while significantly reducing the size and weight of the lens antenna by up to 53% and by nearly 48 %, respectively. Additionally, the Fresnel-based lens antennas reveal a frequency dependency, enabling frequency-based steering of the focal length over a wide relative tuning range of 177%, which we thoroughly investigate for various bandwidths and center frequencies.
Arctic and Sub‐Arctic Mechanisms Explaining Observed Increasing Northward Flow Through the Bering Strait and Why Models May Be Getting It Wrong
Authors: Peralta‐Ferriz Cecilia , Woodgate Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Pacific oceanic input to the Arctic via the Bering Strait (important for western Arctic ice retreat, water properties, and nutrient supply) has been increasing for three decades. Using satellite Ocean Bottom Pressure (OBP) and Dynamic Ocean Topography (DOT) data, we show that long‐term trends in mooring data for a well‐sampled sub‐period (2003–2014) relate to summer OBP and DOT drop in the Arctic's East Siberian Sea (ESS), in turn caused by stronger westward ESS winds, and increased fall westward winds in the Bering Sea. OBP/DOT differences imply strong (0.17 psu/year) ESS salinization, likely caused by hitherto unappreciated increased Pacific inflow to that region. We find ESS OBP trends are (erroneously) reversed in older data versions, and estimate that ESS salinization may significantly mediate Bering Strait flow increase. These facts may explain why models assimilating older OBP data, or with erroneous Bering Strait salinities, fail to simulate observed Bering Strait flow increase.
COHESION: a core outcome set for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Quirke Fiona A. , Ariff Shabina , Battin Malcolm R. , Bernard Caitlin , Biesty Linda , Bloomfield Frank H. , Daly Mandy , Finucane Elaine , Healy Patricia , Haas David M. , Kirkham Jamie J. , Kibet Vincent , Koskei Sarah , Meher Shireen , Molloy Eleanor J. , Niaz Maira , Bhraonáin Elaine Ní , Okaronon Christabell Omukagah , Parkes Matthew J. , Tabassum Farhana , Walker Karen , Webbe James W. H. , Devane Declan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Heterogeneity in outcomes reported in trials of interventions for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) makes evaluating the effectiveness of treatments difficult. Developing a core outcome set for NE treatment would enable researchers to measure and report the same outcomes in future trials. This would minimise waste, ensure relevant outcomes are measured and enable evidence synthesis. Therefore, we aimed to develop a core outcome set for treating NE.

Methods
Outcomes identified from a systematic review of the literature and interviews with parents were prioritised by stakeholders (n = 99 parents/caregivers, n = 101 healthcare providers, and n = 22 researchers/ academics) in online Delphi surveys. Agreement on the outcomes was achieved at online consensus meetings attended by n = 10 parents, n = 18 healthcare providers, and n = 13 researchers/ academics.

Results
Seven outcomes were included in the final core outcome set: survival; brain injury on imaging; neurological status at discharge; cerebral palsy; general cognitive ability; quality of life of the child, and adverse events related to treatment.

Conclusion
We developed a core outcome set for the treatment of NE. This will allow future trials to measure and report the same outcomes and ensure results can be compared. Future work should identify how best to measure the COS.

Impact

We have identified seven outcomes that should be measured and reported in all studies for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy.

Previously, a core outcome set for neonatal encephalopathy treatments did not exist.

This will help to reduce heterogeneity in outcomes reported in clinical trials and other studies, and help researchers identify the best treatments for neonatal encephalopathy.
Genomic portrait and relatedness patterns of the Iron Age Log Coffin culture in northwestern Thailand
Authors: Carlhoff Selina , Kutanan Wibhu , Rohrlach Adam B. , Posth Cosimo , Stoneking Mark , Nägele Kathrin , Shoocongdej Rasmi , Krause Johannes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Iron Age of highland Pang Mapha, northwestern Thailand, is characterised by a mortuary practice known as Log Coffin culture. Dating between 2300 and 1000 years ago, large coffins carved from individual teak trees have been discovered in over 40 caves and rock shelters. While previous studies focussed on the cultural development of the Log Coffin-associated sites, the origins of the practice, connections with other wooden coffin-using groups in Southeast Asia, and social structure within the region remain understudied. Here, we present genome-wide data from 33 individuals from five Log Coffin culture sites to study genetic ancestry profiles and genetic interconnectedness. The Log Coffin-associated genomes can be modelled as an admixture between Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer-, Yangtze River farmer-, and Yellow River farmer-related ancestry. This indicates different influence spheres from Bronze and Iron Age individuals from northeastern Thailand as reflected by cultural practices. Our analyses also identify close genetic relationships within the sites and more distant connections between sites in the same and different river valleys. In combination with high mitochondrial haplogroup diversity and genome-wide homogeneity, the Log Coffin-associated groups from northwestern Thailand seem to have been a large, well-connected community, where genetic relatedness played a significant role in the mortuary ritual.
Non-prescribing of clozapine for outpatients with schizophrenia in real-world settings: The clinicians’ perspectives
Authors: Jakobsen Michelle Iris , Austin Stephen Fitzgerald , Storebø Ole Jakob , Nielsen Jimmi , Simonsen Erik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClozapine is the gold standard for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia although continuously underutilized. Previous surveys of clinicians have found that some of the most frequently cited barriers to clozapine prescribing are related to the blood-monitoring requirements. However, these surveys tend to explore general perspectives and may not reflect the true impact of different barriers in real-world outpatient settings. This study aimed to explore this issue. First, by surveying the clinicians responsible for the treatment of 39 clozapine-eligible, yet clozapine-naive, outpatients with schizophrenia. Then, based on the survey results, explanatory interviews with the participating psychiatrists were conducted and analyzed thematically. The most frequently cited reason for non-prescribing of clozapine was the expected non-compliance with blood-monitoring requirements; however, overall stability and/or severe mental illness was chosen as the most important reason in most patient-cases. The qualitative analysis highlighted the combined impact of standard clinical practice, personal experiences, and organizational constraints on clozapine utility.
Numerical simulation studies of the new quaternary MAX phase as future engineering applications: The case study of the Nb2ScAC2 (A = Al, Si) compounds
Authors: Azzouz-Rached Ahmed , Bendjemai Mohammed , Husain Mudasser , Bentouaf Ali , Rekab-Djabri Hamza , Tirth Vineet , Algahtani Ali , Al-Mughanam Tawfiq , Alghtani Abdulaziz H. , Alrobei Hussein , Elhadi Muawya , Rahman Nasir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, MAX phases have attained considerable technological interest owing to their two inherent properties metallic and ceramic properties. This study extensively examined Nb2ScAC2 MAX phases using DFT, to assess the structural, mechanical, electronic, and Thermal characteristics. Firstly, the stability of these two compounds was confirmed through the formation energy, elastic constants (Cij), and phonon band structure, which confirmed their thermodynamic, mechanical, and dynamical stability. The optimized lattice parameters of these compounds were examined and then utilized to calculate the physical properties of the Nb2ScAC2 compound. Our compounds are brittle due to their Pugh’s ratio of less than 1.75. The covalent bonding of the structure revealed by the Poisson ratio is less than 0.25 for the two compounds. The Nb2ScAC2 material is anisotropic, and Nb2ScAlC2 is harder than Nb2ScSiC2.The metallic character of the materials was affirmed by the electronic band structure analysis. Calculated thermal properties such as Debye temperature and minimum and lattice thermal conductivity reveal that both compounds have the potential to enhance their deployment in thermal barrier coating materials. On the other hand, the high melting temperatures indicate that our compounds could potentially be utilized in demanding or severe conditions. Finally, the thermodynamic characteristics, comprising the isochoric heat capacity (Cv) and Debye temperature (ϴD) were analyzed subjected to high temperatures and pressures. The optical constants such as real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, refractive index and reflectivity, are investigated. The current study recognizes these two compounds as promising candidates for utilization in modern technologies and diverse industries.
Unraveling the maternal and paternal origins of allotetraploid Vigna reflexo-pilosa
Authors: Lee Jayern , Kang Yang Jae , Park Halim , Shim Sangrea , Ha Jungmin , Lee Taeyoung , Kim Moon Young , Lee Suk-Ha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe genomic structures of Vigna hirtella Ridl. and Vigna trinervia (B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.) Tateishi & Maxted, key ancestral species of the allotetraploid Vigna reflexo-pilosa var. glabra (Roxb.) N.Tomooka & Maxted, remain poorly understood. This study presents a comprehensive genomic comparison of these species to deepen our knowledge of their evolutionary trajectories. By comparing the genomic profiles of V. hirtella and V. trinervia with those of V. reflexo-pilosa, we investigate the complex genomic mechanisms underlying allopolyploid evolution within the genus Vigna. Comparison of the chloroplast genome revealed that V. trinervia is closely related to V. reflexo-pilosa. De novo assembly of the whole genome, followed by synteny analysis and Ks value calculations, confirms that V. trinervia is closely related to the A genome of V. reflexo-pilosa, and V. hirtella to its B genome. Furthermore, the comparative analyses reveal that V. reflexo-pilosa retains residual signatures of a previous polyploidization event, particularly evident in higher gene family copy numbers. Our research provides genomic evidence for polyploidization within the genus Vigna and identifies potential donor species of allotetraploid species using de novo assembly techniques. Given the Southeast Asian distribution of both V. hirtella and V. trinervia, natural hybridization between these species, with V. trinervia as the maternal ancestor and V. hirtella as the paternal donor, seems plausible.
Experiences, perceptions, and decision-making capacity towards oral biopsy among dental students and dentists
Authors: Cassol Spanemberg Juliana , Velázquez Cayón Rocío , Romanini Juliana , Trevizani Martins Marco Antonio , López-Jornet Pía , Carrard Vinicius Coelho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe dentist plays a crucial role in identifying oral lesions as it is their responsibility to conduct the clinical examination for diagnosing diseases in this anatomical region. Dentists should be able to perform simple oral biopsies when this procedure is necessary. However, several studies point out that dentists lack experience and perceive themselves incapable of performing biopsies. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to assess participants' experiences and perceptions regarding a continuing education activity focused on the biopsy procedure. The secondary aim was to evaluate their ability to determine when a biopsy is indicated. The sample consisted of 228 individuals: 143 dentists and 85 undergraduate dental students who completed questionnaires related to a lecture held in May/2021, as part of the continuing educational activities of the “Red May” Project. Participants completed two questionnaires: the first assessed their experience and self-confidence in performing oral biopsies, whereas the second evaluated their capacity to define when the biopsy is indicated by means the evaluation of 10 clinical cases. The results reveal no significant difference in the percentage of correct answers between dental students and dentists. Regarding the frequency of performing the biopsy procedure, most respondents (69.7%) reported doing so rarely or never. Furthermore, while 31.6% of the participants stated that they perform biopsies depending on the case, 68.4% prefer to refer patients to specialists, such as professionals in Stomatology/Oral Medicine. These findings highlight limitations in the educational preparation of the study population concerning biopsy procedures, oral lesions, and their management. They also indicate a concerning tendency to overestimate knowledge in this area. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of continuing education and underscores the need to revise academic curricula and provide complementary education for all dental professionals.
Biological and mutational analyses of CXCR4–antagonist interactions and design of new antagonistic analogs
Authors: Meng Qian , Zhu Ruohan , Mao Yujia , Zhu Siyu , Wu Yi , Huang Lina S.M. , Ciechanover Aaron , An Jing , Xu Yan , Huang Ziwei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has become an attractive therapeutic target for HIV-1 infection, hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, and cancer metastasis. A wide variety of synthetic antagonists of CXCR4 have been developed and studied for a growing list of clinical applications. To compare the biological effects of different antagonists on CXCR4 functions and their common and/or distinctive molecular interactions with the receptor, we conducted head-to-head comparative cell-based biological and mutational analyses of the interactions with CXCR4 of eleven reported antagonists, including HC4319, DV3, DV1, DV1 dimer, V1, vMIP-II, CVX15, LY2510924, IT1t, AMD3100, and AMD11070 that were representative of different structural classes of D-peptides, L-peptide, natural chemokine, cyclic peptides, and small molecules. The results were rationalized by molecular modeling of CXCR4–antagonist interactions from which the common as well as different receptor binding sites of these antagonists were derived, revealing a number of important residues such as W94, D97, H113, D171, D262, and E288, mostly of negative charge. To further examine this finding, we designed and synthesized new antagonistic analogs by adding positively charged residues Arg to a D-peptide template to enhance the postulated charge–charge interactions. The newly designed analogs displayed significantly increased binding to CXCR4, which supports the notion that negatively charged residues of CXCR4 can engage in interactions with moieties of positive charge of the antagonistic ligands. The results from these mutational, modeling and new analog design studies shed new insight into the molecular mechanisms of different types of antagonists in recognizing CXCR4 and guide the development of new therapeutic agents.
K2 results for “young” α-rich stars in the Galaxy
Authors: Grisoni V. , Chiappini C. , Miglio A. , Brogaard K. , Casali G. , Willett E. , Montalbán J. , Stokholm A. , Thomsen J. S. , Tailo M. , Matteuzzi M. , Valentini M. , Elsworth Y. , Mosser B. 
Published: December 2023

Context. The origin of apparently young α-rich stars in the Galaxy is still a matter of debate in Galactic archaeology, whether they are genuinely young or might be products of binary evolution, and mergers or mass accretion.
Aims. Our aim is to shed light on the nature of young α-rich stars in the Milky Way by studying their distribution in the Galaxy thanks to an unprecedented sample of giant stars that cover different Galactic regions and have precise asteroseismic ages, and chemical and kinematic measurements.
Methods. We analyzed a new sample of ∼6000 stars with precise ages coming from asteroseismology. Our sample combines the global asteroseismic parameters measured from light curves obtained by the K2 mission with stellar parameters and chemical abundances obtained from APOGEE DR17 and GALAH DR3, then cross-matched with Gaia DR3. We define our sample of young α-rich stars and study their chemical, kinematic, and age properties.
Results. We investigated young α-rich stars in different parts of the Galaxy and we find that the fraction of young α-rich stars remains constant with respect to the number of high-α stars at ∼10%. Furthermore, young α-rich stars have kinematic and chemical properties similar to high-α stars, except for [C/N] ratios.
Conclusions. Thanks to our new K2 sample, we conclude that young α-rich stars have similar occurrence rates in different parts of the Galaxy, and that they share properties similar to the normal high-α population, except for [C/N] ratios. This suggests that these stars are not genuinely young, but are products of binary evolution, and mergers or mass accretion. Under that assumption, we find the fraction of these stars in the field to be similar to that found recently in clusters. This suggests that ∼10% of the low-α field stars could also have their ages underestimated by asteroseismology. This should be kept in mind when using asteroseismic ages to interpret results in Galactic archaeology.
Red Bull PET/CT
Authors: Serfling Sebastian E , Buck Andreas , Rowe Steven P , Higuchi Takahiro , Werner Rudolf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report on a patient diagnosed with Hodgkin Lymphoma who was scheduled for [18F]FDG PET/CT as part of routine follow-up after treatment with two cycles of chemotherapy and mediastinal external beam radiation. Although the patient was advised to fast for at least four hours, an energy drink (Red Bull ) was ingested right after radiotracer administration, which led to increased uptake in the large skeletal muscles, thereby rendering this scan as non-diagnostic. After strictly following respective dietary recommendations, the repeated scan then provided excellent image quality and revealed response to treatment. In the present case report, we discuss the impact of major ingredients (sugar, caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone) of Red Bull on large muscle uptake, which may also apply to “sugar-free” types of this popular energy drink. Moreover, this case reports demonstrates the importance to inform patients that they should avoid intake of energy drinks not only prior to but also after injection of [18F]FDG.
Shariah-related disclosure: a literature review and directions for future research
Authors: Abdulrahman Zunaiba , Ebrahimi Tahera , Al-Najjar Basil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA substantial scholarly discourse surrounds Shariah legislation, yet previous studies have offered limited evidence regarding the necessity of Shariah-related disclosure (SRD), its extent, determining factors, and its impact on performance. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive review of existing SRD literature within Islamic institutions. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic literature review encompassing 44 studies published in journals from 2003 to 2023. The research articles were systematically categorized based on types of SRD, levels, methodologies employed, determining factors, and their consequent effects on performance. The findings underscore a significant knowledge gap and inconclusive results in the current literature, thereby identifying avenues for future research. Notably, our results indicate that the majority of prior studies are quantitative in nature and have employed secondary data from Islamic banks in Muslim countries. Likewise, research pertaining to other Islamic institutions and their voluntary adherence to Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions guidelines is underreported. Furthermore, our findings suggest that previous studies have often placed undue emphasis on other forms of disclosure or have only considered SRD as a subset of broader categories. Contrarily, the number of studies on this subject has increased in recent years, with more than half of the surveys conducted in the last 8 years of the sample period. In forthcoming research, it is advisable to independently explore SRD and employ Islamic proxies to assess its impact on performance. Moreover, researchers are encouraged to investigate cross-industry differences in this context. The results of this survey will be of significant interest to both academics and non-academics seeking information on Shariah compliance disclosures.